bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMATIKA DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM E-COMMERCE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hariyanto Erie
Published: March 2021

One of the developments of information technology,telecommunication and computer is appearing the creation oftransaction model that is not necessary to meet directly or faceto face. The transaction is enough to do by using the electronicmedia that is internet media. In the transaction of e-commerce,many law problems develop that need a law arrangementbriefly and clearly as a guarantee of the law protection for thepeople involved. This article tries to answer this problem bygiving some alternative solutions in order to make the assurancelaw in e-commerce transaction formed.
PRO DAN KONTRA PENAFSIRAN ZAMAKHSYÂRI TENTANG TEOLOGI MU'TAZILAH DALAM TAFSÎR AL-KASYSYÂF
Authors: Saladin Bustami
Published: March 2021

In general, the interpretation of the Qur’an is based onthe Sunnah Rasulullah SAW explanation (tafsîr bi alma'tsûr)and the results of the experts thought of ijtihad(tafsîr bi al-ma'qûl) and both must go hand in hand andcomplement each other. Interpretation of the holy versesof the Qur’an have been carried out by the mufassirînfrom various streams such as Sunni, Shi'a and Mu'taziliteand in many ways we see the various differences ofinterpretation that they are doing whether in relation toissues of fiqh, philosophy and related to the verses, andthe different interpretations that they have done issomething that no longer disputed. All the teachings ofIslâm, including about tawhid discussed in the science ofkalam is derived from the Qur’an and the hadits, both ofthe flow Khawarij, Murji'ah, Asy'ariyah, Mu'tazilite, all ofwhich underlie their views with the two-runway, butbecause there are different interpretations of the Qur’anmade by each of these streams then arises the theologicalunderstandings that vary as well.
KONSEP MASHLAHAH PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD SA’ÎD RAMADHÂN AL-BÛTHÎ
Authors: Nawawi Maimun
Published: March 2021

Mashlahah is often made identically with benefit. It hasplaced in one of fields in Islamic law study, especially inushûl al-fiqh. It has a role in determining a debatable lawconclusion. It is also as essence of maqâshid al-syarî’ah thatis needed in every law consideration. The problem ishow to determine a law illah that has mashlahah, and whohas a role in determining and assessing mashlahah, onlyGod (syari’) or mukallafkah, if mukallaf has a right, how farit has its power to determine a mashlahah in certain lawcontext. This writing will give its description.
MENGUKUR DAYA PAKSA HUKUM DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Rahman Holirur
Published: March 2021

The main characteristic of a law is capacity to force includedIslamic law. Islamic law has God (rabbaniyah) as its source topeople (insâniyah), that all aspects related with peopleconcerned by Islamic law. When Islamic law is in confrontrationwith nation context, so a khilafah or a power that sides with thebenefit and avoids kemafsadatan. It is the first and main purposeof force capacity in Islamic law. Dialectical thinking about Islamin substantif and formality becomes the irrefutable reality. Thefirst way to make Islamic law becomes rahmatan li al-‘âlamînin isactualization from Islamic law that becomes a togethernessincreases people life to be better in all domain both internal andexternal domain.
BAGI HASIL DAN BANK SYARI’AH (Solusi terhadap Bunga Bank)
Authors: Rudy Haryanto Rudy Haryanto
Published: March 2021

Abstract: To save money in terms of investation is one of bank’s functions. Interest and production sharing are kinds of investation in banking system. Interest is a marketable entry in conventional banking, however production sharing is known in syari’ah banking system. Some people argue that interest cannot be seperated from the banking activity, in fact Islam recommends the followers to avoid it; hence it could be substituted with term of production sharing. It matches the priciple of musyarakah and mudharabah as being taught by Rasûlullâh SAW. Bank interest is considered ribâ (excessive interest) and it is forbidden in Islam. Moreover, production sharing is more useful and beneficial for people. Unfortunately, the value of production sharing (syarî’ah banking product) is lower than the value of banking interest (conventional banking product) due to the fact that the ralationship established by syari’ah banking and its customer is based on the principle of gotong royong (mutual coorporation) and production sharing partnership. Key Words: ribâ, musyarakah, mudharabah, dan bagi-hasil
KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI BERBASIS ISLAM (Sebuah Upaya Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia yang Adil, Makmur, dan Sejahtera)
Authors: Fadlan Fadlan
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Islam anticipates  economic developmen, however it still consider as a part of the development of human being as the greatest one. The essence is that human being enables to control the economic environment as well as to improve the life quality. There are four basic Islamic teachings dealing with the philosphy of Islamic economic development:  tawhîd, rubûbiyah, khalîfah and tazkiyah. The principle of  tauhîd is to prevent a concentrated economy power.  khalîfah principle is to guard against environmet damage and to protect natural sources conservation. The principle of  tazkiyah to prohibit social imbalance and to realize equality and justice. Accordingly, it can give shape to a continuity development. The concept of continuity development is essentially the implementation of the principle of rubûbiyah, it is the priciple of education, maintenance, and continuity to the perfectness, as the principle of  divinity (ilahi). Hence, if the four principles are realized in the Indonesian economic development, government will easily create the nation’s ambition, a prosperous and justice nation.   Key Words: ekonomi Islam, homo economicus, dan pembangunan ekonomi
TRAFFICKING PRESPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Dian Novita Dian Novita
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Trafficking is a classic matter that has been existed since the establishment of human culture.  The major cause of the trafficking is the lack of information about trafficking, poverty  and the law level of education and skill of people, specifically villagers. To fight against trafficking, the government needs to accelarate the education and skill quality and cooperate with other countries. Besides, it is important to provide a sufficient law device for international scale in order to drag feet the trafficking network. Furthermore, trafficker must be punished with heavy penalties and the victim must be protected properly.     Key Words: Trafficking, hukum pidana, pelaku dan korban
HADÎTS SEBAGAI LANDASAN PEMBENTUKAN TRADISI ISLAMI
Authors: Karimullah Karimullah
Published: March 2021

Abstract:   Hadîts both of as basic of Islam law, in the implementation be sure as basic in daily life, that it will appear many dialectics between Hadîts with a local tradition and culture what have been present in the society, even it has been strong roof in the society. Because of that, in this discussion, it will discuss about the function of hadîts in acomodation various of tradition in society, in order to appropriate theory of Islam. The problems what becom main study in this working paper, that is: the first, what are the forms of interaction hadîts in context with tradition in society. Second, context pattern what can connected between both of them. In order to, in acomodation process or Hadîts aculturation into locak tradition in society don’t make trouble what more become wide and dangerous. Until development local culture-tradition what in the society we able to build agree with theory of Islam. Some concept what can be solution, when we want to development Islamic studies especially in Indonesia. That aculturation process between Hadîts and tradition culture what have been development in society become harmonie one of unity, with apply four context system, that is islamization, pribumization, negotiation, and tolerance. And the last will formed a construction process and aculturation of local traditions what is not appropriate with theory of Islam become a tradition Islamic.   Key Words: Hadîts, tradisi, Islamisasi, pribumisasi, negosiasi, dan toleransi
ENVIRONMENTAL-BALANCED SCORECARD DAN ETIKA BISNIS ISLÂM (Suatu Sintesis Manajemen Strategi dalam Persaingan Global)
Authors: Rudy Haryanto Rudy Haryanto
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Business activity is an integral part of economic discourse. Islamic economy system starts from ethical awareness. For its viability, a company runs an old fashioned-management, it is a material-prosperity attainmnet oriented. However, it results a social contradiction. In Islamic ethic, a business must combine material and moral indicators emphesizing profit and expediency harmonies. Islamic business must be on the basis of natural and human resources that is moved by a motivation of dynamic devotion. Thus, it is  significant to have a management strategy that are religious, morality, and humanity oriented. Furthermore, the paradigm change that company goal maintaining the financial aspect change into social and environmental aspects is certain.   Key Words: Manajemen srategis, etika, perusahaan, lingkungan, dan Balanced Scorecard
LANDASAN HUKUM POSITIF PEMBERLAKUAN HUKUM ISLÂM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Eka Susylawati Eka Susylawati
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Islamic law has been valid since a long time ago in Indonesia and it expriences dynamical effect since the era of ancient kingdom, colonialism, and post-independence. The population of Muslim is major, it reaches more  than 200 hundred millions people. This becomes sociological and functional considerations to the validity of Islamic law in Indonesia. For the shake of effectiveness, efficiency, and Muslim aspiration fulfillment, it seems feasible to adopt Islamic law as a part of public law. Indonesia is not a secular country, it is not necessary to seperate religious and statehood affairs. In advance, Islamic law has been partly adopted and it inspires the Indonesian legislation. Key Words: hukum positif, hukum Islâm, dan fiqh
PERKAWINAN ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR (Sebuah Kajian Perspektif Hukum Islâm Vis-a-Vis Hukum Positif di Indonesia)
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Perkawinan merupakan suatu ikatan yang melahirkan keluarga sebagai salah satu unsur dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara, yang diatur oleh aturan hukum, baik hukum Islâm maupun hukum positif (negara). Untuk dapat mewujudkan tujuan perkawinan, hukum negara, yakni Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 menentukan batas umur minimal untuk melangsungkan perkawinan, yakni usia 19 tahun untuk pria dan usia 16 tahun bagi wanita. Sedangkan hukum Islâm tidak menentukan secara kongkrit batas minimal usia perkawinan. Meghadapi dualisme hukum ini, negara seharusnya mengambil langkah tegas. Jika negara sudah melarang perkawinan di bawah umur,  maka konsekuensinya segala hukum yang bertentangan dengannya harus ditiadakan, sehingga terjadi kepastian hukum.   Abstract: Marriage is the bond of family that becomes one of the elements of social and state life. It is regulated in both Islamic and state laws. To concretize the marriage purpose, state law apllies the constitution of Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 that decides minimal age limit of marriage---19 years old for male citizens and 16 years old for the female ones. On the other hand, the Islamic law do not explicitly declare this. State must take a firm action to face this dualism, it must forbid non-state regulation that is in contradiction against state law including the law that allows the marriage beyond the age limit. It is about to guarantee the legal security or rule of law.   Kata-kata Kunci: Hukum Islâm, perkawinan di bawah umur, hukum negara, dan negara.
KAPITALISME DAN ISLAM (Sebuah Telaah Kritis Konsep Islam atas Konsep Kapitalis)
Authors: Zulaikah Zulaikah
Published: March 2021

Kapiatalisme yang tumbuh utamanya di Amerika dan Eropayang dikenal dengan Barat dimana sekularisme sebagai salahsatu prinsip utamanya mempunyai pandangan-pandanganyang bertolak belakang dengan konsep Islâm. Hal itu bisaterekam dalam konsep yang tentang kelangkaan barang danjasa, nilai barang yang diproduksi, dan teori harga. Benturanantara kapitalisme dengan Islâm menghasilkan sebuah dialogyang akan memperkaya perspektif di bidang ekonomi.Kelemahan yang dimiliki oleh kapitalisme menunjukkan bahwakonsep Islâm bisa menjadi alternatif dalam tataran pemikirandan tindakan agar bisa terlepas dari jeratan ketimpangan,ketidakadilan, besarnya gap dalam bidang kehidupan ekonomimenuju sebuah sistem ekonomi yang berkeadilan,berkesimbangan dan berkesejahteraan bagi semua.
PARADIGMA MADZHAB-MADZHAB EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM MERESPON SISTEM EKONOMI KONVENSIONAL
Authors: - Fadllan
Published: March 2021

Sistem Ekonomi Islam berangkat dari kesadaran tentangetika, sebuah ethical economy, sedangkan sistem ekonomi lain,baik kapitalisme maupun sosialisme, berangkat darikepentingan (interest). Kapitalisme berangkat darikepentingan perorangan (selfishness) dan sosialismeberangkat dari kepentingan kolektif (collectivism). EkonomiIslam meletakkan hak individu dan masyarakat dalamneraca keseimbangan yang adil. Berkenaan denganbagaimana konsep ekonomi Islam itu, terdapat tiga madzhabyang memiliki pandangan yang berbeda, yaitu: Pertama,madzhab Bagir al-Sadr yang memandang bahwa ilmuekonomi (economics) tidak pernah bisa sejalan dengan Islam,karena keduanya berasal dari filosofi yang salingkontradiktif. Karenanya, madzhab ini menggunakan istilahiqtishâd, bukan ekonomi Islam. Kedua, madzhab Mainstreamyang berpandangan bahwa, sebagaimana ekonomikonvensional, kelangkaan sumber daya menjadi penyebabmunculnya masalah ekonomi. Ketiga, madzhab AlternatifKritis yang berpendapat bahwa analisis kritis bukan sajaharus dilakukan terhadap sosialisme dan kapitalisme, tetapijuga terhadap ekonomi Islam itu sendiri.
KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM SEBAGAI FIQH LINTAS MADZHAB DI INDONESIA
Authors: Asy’ari Moh.
Published: March 2021

Kebekuan perkembangan hukum Islam daripertengahan abad IV H – XII H menimbulkan‘kegelisahan intelektual’ sekaligus memancarkansemangat ijtihâd di kalangan kaum Muslim. Dalamsemangat ijtihâd inilah, Indonesia berhasil menyusunKHI, yang tema utamanya adalah mempositifkanhukum Islam di Indonesia. Kitab-kitab yang digunakandalam merumuskan KHI tersebut berjumlah 38 kitab.Dari hasil penelusuran terhadap kitab-kitab yangdigunakan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa kebanyakandari mereka adalah kitab-kitab fiqh madzhab Syâfi’î.Sedangkan sebagian lainnya merupakan kitab-kitab fiqhmadzhab Hanafî, Mâlikî, Hanbalî, Dzahirî, dan Syî’ah.Di samping itu, juga terdapat kitab-kitab perbandingandan tanpa madzhab. Penggunaan kitab-kitab dariberbagai madzhab tersebut dapat dipahami sebagaikeinginan untuk mempercepat proses taqrîb bayn alummahsehingga pertentangan antar madzhab dapatdihindari dan diarahkan kepada perpaduan dankesatuan kaidah dan nilai.
TRADISI MERARI’ SUKU SASAK DI LOMBOK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Saladin Bustami
Published: March 2021

Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin antara seorang priadengan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri untuk membentukkeluarga yang bahagia dan kekal berdasarkan Ketuhanan YangMaha Esa. Ikatan perkawinan merupakan ikatan suci yangberdasarkan nilai-nilai ketuhanan untuk membentuk keluargasakînah, mawaddah dan rahmah. Salah satu adat yang dipegangteguh oleh masyarakat Lombok adalah kawin lari. Dalam adatSasak pernikahan dengan cara kawin lari ini lebih populerdisebut dengan merari’. Oleh karena itu, Merari’ dalam bahasaIndonesia disebut dengan istilah kawin lari. Secaraterminologis, merari’ mengandung dua arti. Pertama, lari ataumelarikan. Ini adalah arti yang sebenarnya. Kedua, keseluruhanpelaksanaan perkawinan menurut adat Sasak. Bagi masyarkatSasak, merari’ berarti mempertahankan harga diri danmenggambarkan sikap kejantanan seorang pria Sasak, karena iaberhasil mengambil (melarikan) seorang gadis pujaan hatinya.Meskipun metode kawin lari ini tidak pernah dijelaskan didalam nash (al-Qur`an dan Hadits), tetapi bila ditinjau dariperspektif maqâshid al-syarî’ah, maka stutus hukum pernikahandengan metode kawin lari ini tetap sah. Karena dalamkelangsungan akad nikahnya tetap memenuhi syarat danrukun sebagaimana yang telah disyari’atkan Islam.
KAWIN PAKSA (Sebuah Hegemoni Laki-laki atas Perempuan)
Authors: Bakar Abu
Published: March 2021

Ajaran agama berkaitan dengan bentuk-bentuk sepertikebebasan memilih, memutuskan, dan melakukan atau tidakmelakukan sesuatu yang positif. Sayangnya, kebebasan seringmenyebabkan masalah dalam implementasinya, sepertikebebasan memilih atau menentukan pasangan yang seringberakhir dengan praktik pernikahan paksa. Ini adalah masalahrelasional antara orang tua dan anak-anak mereka dalammenentukan pasangan anak-anak mereka, karena keduanyamenjaga keinginan mereka ‘yang keras kepala’ yangmengklaim sebagai hak-hak mereka. Orang tua mereka berpikirbahwa mereka memiliki kewenangan dalam menentukanpasangan mereka kepada anak-anaknya karena merekamemiliki hak ijbâr. Karenanya, dalam konteks modern, sudahsaatnya perlakuan otoritarianisme terhadap perempuandihapuskan karena ia merupakan salah satu wujuddehumanisasi yang bertentangan dengan norma-norma agama,sosial, hukum, dan keadilan.
THE APPLICATION OF SHARI’A IN EGYPT ACCORDING TO AL-‘ASHMAWI
Authors: Jazuli Moh.
Published: March 2021

Kemunculan gerakan Islamis yang dahsyat di Mesir telahmenarik perhatian para ilmuwan, sebagai usaha untukmengontrolnya pada level politik dan kebijakan. Sedikitperhatian diberikan oleh orang-orang yang merespontantangan ini pada level perdebatan ideologis. Salah seorangdi antaranya adalah seorang hakim terkenal, MuhammadSa’id al-‘Ashmawi. Ia beralasan bahwa penyebutan“penerapan syarî’ah” (tatbîq al-syarî’ah) atau kodifikasisyarî’ah (taqnîn al-syarî’ah), semboyan dari gerakan Islamis,sesungguhnya tidak lebih dari sekedar slogan kosong, yangdimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan dukungan rakyatmenuju sebuah usaha politik tetapi tidak jelas sama sekalidan secara substansial mungkin tidak signifikan. al-‘Ashmawi menjelaskan bahwa pada awalnya istilah syarî’ahmencakup semua aturan yang berkenaan dengan ibadahdan masyarakat yang ada di dalam al-Qur’an, al-Sunnah.Tetapi dalam perkembangannya selanjutnya, istilah itumelebar sehingga mencakup ijtihâd para ulamâ. Padahalyang terakhir ini lebih tepat disebut sebagai fiqh. yakniserangkaian aturan dan hukum yang difikirkan danditetapkan oleh manusia, bukan oleh Allah, untukmempertemukan kondisi historis masa lalu yang tidak lagiberlaku. Di dalam membahas ribâ, al-‘Ashmawisesungguhnya sudah menyimpulkan bahwa baik hukumMesir yang sedang berlaku saat ini maupun hukum-hukummesir lainnnya sesuai dengan syarî’ah. Hal yang sama jugaberlaku bagi hukum Mesir lainnya.
KESIAPAN KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN SEBAGAI KABUPATEN LAYAK ANAK
Authors: Supraptiningsih Umi
Published: March 2021

Salah satu tugas pemerintah untuk memberikan fasilitas,  baik secara fisik maupun non fisik demi  terwujudnya perlindungan dan tumbuh kembang anak adalah dengan terwujudnya program pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak. Hasil penelitian yang disajikan dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa Pemahaman tentang kabupaten/kota layak anak memberikan pengertian bahwa dalam rangka  mewujudkan strategi pengembangan Kabupaten/Kota  Layak Anak, diharapkan adanya komitmen bersama para stake holder dalam perwujudan KLA dan untuk mengetahui berbagai permasalahan anak  yang muncul beserta upaya penyelesaian yang tepat. Penganggaran yang berasal dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Biaya Daerah diusulkan kepada Tim Anggaran yang terdiri dari penganggaran Fisik, maupun Non fisik sudah dilaksanakan akan tetapi tidak dilakukan secara terpadu, masing-masing SKPD membuat rencana anggaran masing-masing. dan Target Pamekasan sebagai Kabupaten Layak Anak dapat terwujud dalam waktu kira-kira lima tahun.
DZIKIR: PSIKOTERAPI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Haryanto Rudy
Published: March 2021

Ada korelasi antara Ilmu Psikologi dan ajaran Islammengenai dimensi kejiwaan manusia, sehingga masalahgangguan kejiwaan tidak bisa dilepaskan dari keduanya.Kehidupan modern membuat manusia melupakan aspekspiritual yang ada di dalam dirinya. Dorongan spiritualyang tidak terpenuhi pada diri manusia menyebabkanperasaan hampa dan tanpa makna yang berujung kepadaterjadinya gangguan kejiwaan. Teknik psikoterapidikembangkan dalam mengatasi gangguan kejiwaanberdasarkan teori psikologi maupun ke-Islam-an. Dalamajaran Islam, dzikir yang merupakan tradisi pesantren dansecara rutin dilakukan oleh civitas pesantren merupakanalternatif terapi yang sangat efektif dalam mengatasigangguan kejiwaan.
Fluxo da informação científica: uma revisão dos modelos propostos na literatura em Ciência da Informação
Authors: Fernandes Henrique Denes Hilgenberg , Vilan Filho Jayme Leiro
Published: March 2021

Trata-se de um artigo de revisão que buscou proposições de modelos para o fluxo da informação científica documentados na literatura dos últimos 50 anos, a partir de referências das bases de dados ABCDM, BRAPCI e LISA, com o objetivo de descrever, analisar, comparar e sistematizar os achados, empregando como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica. O estudo identificou 27 modelos, considerando aspectos como sua evolução, aplicabilidade na comunicação científica (em geral ou em disciplinas ou áreas do conhecimento específicas) e abrangência geográfica dos estudos que os conceberam. Traz uma ampla análise comparativa dos modelos encontrados, no qual cada um deles é apresentado em linhas gerais, sendo descritas suas principais características, o panorama ou a aplicação para a qual foram concebidos e suas limitações. Foram estudadas ainda a influência dos modelos mais antigos sobre aqueles que os sucederam e as atualizações que alguns deles sofreram. Os modelos também foram classificados em grupos denominados síncronos, para aqueles que representam a ordem sequencial das comunicações ao longo do fluxo, ou assíncronos, para aqueles que não consideram a sequência de disseminações. Observa-se a predominância de modelos com características síncronas, destacando a importância que seus autores atribuíram à capacidade de sequenciar as comunicações e, até mesmo, quantificar os hiatos temporais existentes na cronologia do fluxo.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AND VITAMIN D, CALCITONIN AND PARATHORMONE
Authors: KOÇ Gönül , GÜRSOY Gül , HALİS Besime , ÇOPUR Hanife , YILDIRIM Ahmet , GÖRAR Süheyla , ÇULHA Cavit , ARAL Yalçın
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT:
Objective: There is growing evidence that Vitamin D has important role in glucose metabolism. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone were not fully investigated in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D, calcitonin (Cal) and parathormone in GDM.
Material and Methods: We evaluated retrospectively demographic and anthropometric parameters, vitamin D, active vitamin D, calcitonin and parathormone levels of 100 pregnant women including 50 with normal glucose metabolism and 50 with GDM whose ages and body mass indices (BMI) were similar in summer season. We classified the women according to age, parity, being veiled, BMI and vitamin D levels, and compared all parameters, then searched the correlation of all the parameters in groups and subgroups.
Results: 25 hydroxy vitamin D (VitD) levels were non-significantly low in GDM and also in older, multiparous, veiled and obese GDM subgroups. Calcitonin and parathormone levels were not different in two groups. Vitamin D-deficient and obese GDM subgroups had significantly higher calcitonin levels than their opposite subgroups. There was a positive correlation between Cal and BMI in GDM, in Vit D deficient, older, or veiled GDM subgroups. Positive correlation between vitamin D and C peptide was found in only obese GDM. In logistic regression analysis including GDM subgroups and calcium metabolism hormones, except younger age (OR=0.116 (95% CI=0.04-0.338, p=<0.001)), VitD, active VitD, Cal, and PTH had no effect on GDM prediction.
Conclusion: Although we could not find a significant difference in VitD, Cal and PTH levels of our GDM patients in summer season, we thought that VitD could play a role in obese GDM patients.We also concluded that Cal and PTH did not have roles in gestational diabetes mellitus. Larger, carefully designed studies including throughout pregnancy and postpartum periods and seasonal variations are required.
Influence of Chitosan-Based Edible Coating on the Shelf Life and Nutritional Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit in Room and Refrigerated Temperatures
Authors: Shamshad Areeqa , Iqbal shahzad Zafar , Abdull Razis Ahmad Faizal , Usman Sunusi , Ali Nada Basheir , Mumtaz Amna , Asi Muhammad Rafique
Published: March 2021

Guava is a vital fruit worldwide, especially in Pakistan, and due to its nutritional value famous in each age group. Due to a very short shelf life, the marketing and export of this fruit faced severe constraints. Therefore, in the current study, edible coating of chitosan (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) was evaluated on postharvest shelf life when guava fruits were stored (room temperature and 4 °C temperatures) for 12 days. The chitosan treated coating fruits have shown reduced total sugars and malondialdehyde levels compared to untreated control samples. However, a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in total sugar and malondialdehyde levels exists between samples stored in m compared to refrigerated temperature (4 °C). The chitosan-coated samples have shown a greater amount of vitamin C, quercetin, rutin, and total phenolic contents than control samples. However, these nutritional parameters' levels were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) in samples stored at room than samples stored at refrigerated temperature. However, the levels of crude fiber, potassium, and sodium were found statistically nonsignificant (p ≥0.05) in control versus chitosan treated coating treatments. The findings have documented that the coatings of 1.5 and 2.0% were most effective for extension in shelf life and maintaining the nutritional attributes of guava fruit.
Profiling of Matched Adipose and Skeletal Muscle in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Reveals Distinct Gene Profiles with Convergent Pathways
Authors: Narasimhan Ashok , Zhong Xiaoling , Au Ernie , Ceppa Eugene P. , Nakeeb Atilla , House Michael G. , Zyromski Nicholas J. , Schmidt C. Max , Schloss Katharyn  N.H. , Schloss Daniel E.I. , Liu Yunlong , Jiang Guanglong , Hancock Bradley A. , Radovich Milan , Kays Joshua K. , Shahda Safi , Couch Marion E. , Koniaris Leonidas G. , Zimmers Teresa A.
Published: March 2021

The vast majority of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suffer cachexia. Although cachexia results from concurrent loss of adipose and muscle tissue, most studies focus on muscle alone. Emerging data demonstrate the prognostic value of fat loss in cachexia. Here we sought to identify the muscle and adipose gene profiles and pathways regulated in cachexia. Matched rectus abdominis muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained at surgery from patients with benign conditions (n=11) and patients with PDAC (n=24). Self-reported weight loss and body composition measurements defined cachexia status. Gene profiling was done using Ion proton sequencing. Results were queried against external datasets for validation. 961 DE genes were identified from muscle and 2000 from adipose tissue, demonstrating greater response of adipose than muscle. In addition to known cachexia genes such as FOXO1, novel genes from muscle, including PPP1R8 and AEN correlated with cancer weight loss. All the adipose correlated genes including SCGN and EDR17 are novel for PDAC cachexia. Pathway analysis demonstrated shared pathways but largely non-overlapping genes in both tissues. Age related muscle loss predominantly had a distinct gene profiles compared to cachexia. This analysis of matched, externally validate gene expression points to novel targets in cachexia.
Room Temperature Syntheses of ZnO and Its Structure
Authors: Donia Domenica , Bauer Elvira Maria , Missori Mauro , Roselli Ludovica , Cecchetti Daniele , Tagliatesta Pietro , Gontrani Lorenzo , Carbone Marilena
Published: March 2021

ZnO has many technological applications which largely depend on its properties that can be tuned by controlled synthesis. Ideally, the most convenient ZnO synthesis is carried out at room temperature in aqueous solvent. However, the correct temperature values are often loosely defined. In the current paper we performed synthesis of ZnO in aqueous solvent, by varying reaction and drying temperature by 10°C steps and monitored the synthesis products primarily by XRD. We found out that a simple direct synthesis of ZnO, without additional surfactant, pumping of freezing, required both a reaction (TP) and a drying (TD) temperature of 40°C. Higher temperatures also afford ZnO, but lowering any of the TP or TD below the threshold value results either in the achievement of Zn(OH)2 or in a mixture of Zn(OH)2/ZnO. A more detailed Rietveld analysis of the ZnO samples reveals a density variation with the synthesis temperature and an increase of the nanoparticles average size also verified by SEM images. The optical properties of ZnO obtained by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy indicate a red shift of the band gap by ~0.1 eV.
Identification of Compounds with Potential Therapeutic Uses from Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits and Their Modulation by Nitric Oxide (NO)
Authors: Guevara Lucía , Domínguez-Anaya María Ángeles , Ortigosa Alba , González-Gordo Salvador , Díaz Caridad , Vicente-Pérez Francisca , Corpas Francisco J. , Pérez del Palacio José , Palma José M.
Published: March 2021

Plant species are precursors of a wide variety of secondary metabolites that, besides having useful activity for themselves, can also be used by humans for their consumption and economic benefit. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit is not only a common food and spice source, but it also stands out for containing high amounts of antioxidants (such as vitamins C and A), polyphenols and capsaicinoids. Particular attention has been paid to capsaicin, whose anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and analgesic activities, have been proven. Due to the potential interest in pepper metabolites for human use, in this project, we carried out an investigation to identify new bioactive compounds of this crop is carried out. To achieve this, we developed a metabolomic approach, using an HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) separative technique coupled to metabolite identification by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). After chromatographic analysis and data processing against metabolic databases, 12 differential bioactive compounds were identified in sweet pepper fruits, including quercetin and its derivatives, L-tryptophan, phytosphingosin, FAD, gingerglycolipid A, tetrahydropentoxylin, blumenol C glucoside, colnelenic acid and capsoside A. The abundance of these metabolites varied depending on the ripening stage of the fruits, either immature green or ripe red. We also studied the variation of these 12 metabolites upon treatment with exogenous nitric oxide (NO), a free radical gas involved in a good number of physiological processes in higher plants such as germination, growth, flowering, senescence, and fruit ripening, among others. Overall, it was found that the content of the analysed metabolites was modulated by the ripening stage and by the presence of NO. The metabolic pattern followed by quercetin and its derivatives, as a consequence of the ripening stage and NO treatment, was also corroborated by transcriptomic analysis of genes involved in the synthesis of these compounds. This opens new research windows on the pepper fruit’s bioactive compounds with nutraceutical potentiality, where biotechnological strategies can be applied for optimizing the level of these beneficial compounds.
Uji Balok Beton Bertulang Memadat Sendiri High Volume Fly Ash 60% Tanpa dan Dengan Sengkang
Authors: Muhadzib Muhammad Tsaqif
Published: March 2021

Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) merupakan inovasi dalam bidang konstruksi dengan berbagai macam kelebihan, namun terdapat kekurangan yaitu SCC memerlukan proporsi semen yang lebih banyak sehingga tidak ramah lingkungan. Material yang dapat menggantikan semen dengan karakteristik yang sama adalah fly ash. Fly ash merupakan sisa pembakaran batu bara yang mengandung silica atau silica alumina dan bersifat pozzolan. Penggunaan fly ash sebagai campuran beton dapat digunakan hingga mencapai >50% dari total semen yang dibutuhkan dan dinamakan High Volume Fly Ash Conccrete (HVFAC). Penelitian ini mengkaji kapasitas geser balok bertulang HVFA-SCC 60% dan balok beton normal. Benda uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memiliki dimensi 10 cm x 18,5 cm x 130 cm dengan 2 titik pembebanan dengan jarak antar beban sebesar 20 cm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kapasitas geser balok bertulang HVFA-SCC 60% lebih kecil dibandingkan kapasitas geser balok beton normal yang diuji pada umur 28 hari.
SELF-EFFICACY SCALE VALIDATION AMONG FOOTBALL PLAYERS (ALGERIA)
Authors: Kenioua Mouloud , Nawal Krine
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to adapt the Algerian football players of general self-efficacy scale (GSES) developed by Schwarzer & Jerusalem (1995) which were adapted into more than thirty-three languages. The study conducted on a total of 216 male football players, ranging in age from 15-18 years. After translating the scale according to the local language, it was presented to specialists in psychology and sports psychology to formulate it to suit the applied category. the principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used for the construct validity.The results indicated that there are two-factor structure, the two factors together explained 54.5 % of the total variance. The reliability scales were found by Alpha Cronbach coefficient (0.79). These results confirmed that the self-efficacy scale among football players valid and reliable. It is necessary to conduct future studies in the local culture and on different sports and ages.
Contralateral Lower-Limb Functional Status Before Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ohmori Takaaki , Kabata Tamon , Kajino Yoshitomo , Inoue Daisuke , Kato Satoshi , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: March 2021

Background:

Postoperative gait speed, especially comfortable gait speed, is an important factor for predicting function after total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this study, we examined factors related to gait speed, including preoperative lower and upper-limb functional parameters and postoperative lower-limb alignment. In addition, we examined factors related to postoperative good comfortable gait speed (≥1.34 m/s: one indicator of a good clinical outcome). The purpose of this study was to determine if better preoperative functional parameters had a positive effect on postoperative gait speed.

Methods:

This prospective case-control study included 91 patients with hip osteoarthritis who underwent unilateral THA. Patients who had undergone a prior hip surgical procedure or had Crowe type-3 and 4 hips, complications after THA, knee osteoarthritis-related pain, and severe lumbar conditions were excluded. The 1-leg standing time (OLST) and knee extensor strength of the operatively treated side and the contralateral side and the functional reach test were examined preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. The leg-length discrepancy and global offset compared with the contralateral side and leg lengthening were examined using 3-dimensional models captured through computed tomographic scans.

Results:

The preoperative contralateral side OLST was a significant factor (p < 0.001) for postoperative comfortable gait speed, and the preoperative contralateral-side knee extensor strength was a significant factor (p = 0.018) for postoperative maximum gait speed. Leg-length discrepancy and differences in global offset after THA were not significant factors for postoperative gait speed. The preoperative comfortable gait speed with a cutoff value of 1.115 m/s (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.690 [95% confidence interval, 0.569 to 0.810]; p = 0.003; sensitivity of 65.5% and specificity of 74.2%) was an independent factor associated with a good postoperative comfortable gait speed. Preoperative contralateral-side OLST was a significant factor (p = 0.027) for preoperative comfortable gait speed.

Conclusions:

The preoperative contralateral-side, lower-limb functional status is a significant factor for postoperative gait speed. Early surgical intervention before the contralateral-side function declines or a preoperative rehabilitation intervention on the contralateral side may improve THA outcome.

Level of Evidence:

PrognosticLevel II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Involvement of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Contribute to The Effect of Extracellular Acidosis on Vascular Endothelialcell Damage of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Patients
Authors: Wang Jin-Kun , Bo Yan , Zhou Qi-lian , Yuan Li-ping
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a common kind of systematic vasculitis in children characterized by rash, joint pain,abdominal symptoms and renal disease,the detail pathogenesis of HSP has not been elucidated.Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) is a proton-gated sodium selective channel that belongs to Degenerin /epithelial Sodium Channel(DEG/ENaC) superfamily,previous research found the expression of ASIC1a in vascular endothellial cells could be stimulated by serum IgA1 from HSP patients under acidic environment.This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of silencing of acid-sensing ion channel 1a(ASIC1a) protects the vascular endothelial cells from Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) patients.Methods:Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells ( HDMVEC) were cultured in vitro，siRNA sequences were designed for the coding region of human ASIC1a gene and HDMVEC cells were transfected with recombinant lentivirus( LV) -sh-ASIC1a． The control group ( NC group) without virus transfection and LV-sh-ASIC1a transfection group ( si-ASIC1a group) were set up． The expression of transfixed ASIC1a gene was detected by RT-PCR． After virus transfection 72 h，serum IgA1from HSP patients and serum IgA1 of normal children were added into HDMVEC cells． ASIC1a and cytoskeleton protein ( sm-α f-actin，MLCK) mRNA and protein expressions were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting Methods.The binding activity of NF- κB with DNA in HDMVEC was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record the current changes and electrophysiological characteristics of ASICs and calcium in HDMVEC.Results：Cytoskeleton protein ( sm-α f-actin，MLCK) mRNA and protein expressions in the group of si-ASIC1a group were significantly increased compared with the NC control group( P ＜ 0． 01) ．The HSP serum and silencing of ASIC1a had no significant effect on the binding activity of NF-κB with DNA in HDMVEC. Compared with the NC control group, the ASICS current and calcium overload of the si-ASIC1A group were reduced( P ＜ 0． 01) ．Conclusion: Silencing ASIC1a can protect HSP vascular endothelial cell injury by inhibiting ASIC1-related calcium influx and reducing the overload of calcium ,not the NF- κB signaling pathway.
The complexity of genomic mutation dictates the prognosis of acute leukemia with ambiguous lineage
Authors: Huang Jin , Xiao Min , Zhou Jing , Mao Xia , Zhu Li , Liu Songya , Li Qinlu , Wang Jin , Zhou Jianfeng , Cai Haodong , Wang Gaoxiang
Published: March 2021

Acute leukemia with ambiguous lineage (ALAL) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy with limited molecular characterization and therapeutic recommendations. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 1635 acute leukemia cases in our center from January 2012 to June 2018.The diagnose of ALAL was based on either EGIL or 2016 WHO criteria, a total of 39 patients were included. Four patients diagnosed as acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) by both classification systems. The mutations detected in bi-phenotypic acute leukemia enriched in genes related to genomic stability and transcriptional regulation; while AUL cases frequently mutated in genes involved in signaling pathway. Survival analysis of all patients suggested that the prognosis of ALAL was independent of immunophenotype, chromosome karyotype, treatment, but significantly associated with the mutation complexity, also termed numbers of the mutations carried by each patient (Log rank p = 0.009 for progression-free survival [PFS] and Log rank p = 0.047 for overall survival [OS], respectively). Similar results were obtained when the WHO diagnostic system were applied (Log rank p < 0.001 for both PFS and OS). Among these patients, those excluded by WHO criteria had even worse clinical outcome than the patients included (Log rank p = 0.023 for PFS and Log rank p = 0.031 for OS). Collectively, the complexity of genomic mutation of ALAL patients is significantly associated with the clinical outcomes. The rationality and clinical applicability of the diagnostic criteria of WHO system need to be evaluated by more large-scale clinical studies.
Ecology impacts the decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in the fecal gut microbiota of urban humans
Authors: Thingholm Louise B. , Bang Corinna , Rühlemann Malte C. , Starke Annika , Sicks Florian , Kaspari Verena , Jandowsky Anabell , Fröhlich Kai , Ismer Gabriele , Bernhard Andreas , Bombis Claudia , Struve Barbara , Rausch Philipp , Franke Andre
Published: March 2021

Background: Compared to the huge microbial diversity in most mammals, human gut microbiomes have lost diversity while becoming specialized for animal-based diets – especially compared to chimps, their genetically closest ancestors. The lowered microbial diversity within the gut of westernized populations has also been associated with different kinds of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans. To further deepen our knowledge on phylogenetic and ecologic impacts on human health and fitness, we established the herein presented biobank as well as its comprehensive microbiota analysis. In total, 424 stool samples from 40 different animal species, including Homo sapiens, belonging to four diverse mammalian orders were collected at seven different locations and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Comprehensive data analysis was performed to (i) determine the overall impact of host phylogeny vs. diet, location, and ecology and to (ii) examine the general pattern of fecal bacterial diversity across captive mammals and humans.Results: By using a controlled study design with captive mammals we could verify that host phylogeny is the most dominant driver of mammalian gut microbiota composition. However, the effect of ecology appears to be able to overcome host phylogeny and should therefore be studied in more detail in future studies. Most importantly, our study could observe a remarkable decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in urban humans and New World monkeys, which is probably not only due to diet, but also to the social behavior of these communities.Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of phylogenetic relationship and ecology within the evolution of mammals’ fecal microbiota composition. Particularly, the observed decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in urban communities might be associated to lifestyle dependent rapid evolutionary changes, potentially involved in the establishment of dysbiotic microbiomes promoting the etiology of chronic diseases.
Comparison of photoscreeners and hand-held autorefractometer with cycloplegic autorefraction as a vision screening tool for children with newly diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Yalinbas Duygu , Kara Caner , Sari Seda Aybuke , Dursun Demet , Bozali Erman , Ozec Ayse Vural , Erdogan Haydar
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To compare non-cycloplegic refraction measurements of two photoscreeners and the hand-held autorefractometer with cycloplegic measurements of the autorefractometer in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: This cross-sectional, comparative study consisted of 53 children who were newly diagnosed with ADHD. We compared spherical, cylindrical, cylindrical axis and spherical equivalent (SE) measurements in Plusoptix A12, Spot Vision Screener, and Retinomax K-plus Screen with Tonoref II. Reliability was analyzed by using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot was used to evaluate the agreement between devices.Results: The mean age of children was 9.45 ± 1.68. All of the devices measured spherical power and SE significantly more myopic than the Tonoref II. While The Spot Vision Screener, PlusoptiX A12, and Tonoref II provided similar cylindrical power, Retinomax K-plus Screen measured significantly lower than the Tonoref II. The excellent reliability was detected in spherical power, cylindrical power, SE and J0 between Tonoref II and PlusoptiX A12 (ICC:0.930, 0.921, 0.927 and 0.920, respectively. All of the hand-held devices showed excellent reliability in terms of cylindrical power and J0 (ICC>0.90, for all) and good reliability for J45 (ICC:0.75-0.90 for all).Conclusion: Despite all devices having advantages or disadvantages, Plusoptix A12 showed excellent reliability for detecting refractive errors in children with ADHD.
Assessing longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results from a large population-based cohort study
Authors: Alhossaini Mahsa Rafiee , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Zayeri Farid , Sadeghi Masoumeh
Published: March 2021

Background Obesity is a significant risk factor for Noncommunicable diseases, and it is related to many adverse health consequences. The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is called a longitudinal or aging effect. Also, individuals born or enter to the study of the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. In the current study, an advanced statistical model is used to distinguish between longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on the risk of obesity for men and women. Methods Participants are a group of 6504 Iranian adults over 35 years of age in 2001, who live in the central region of Iran. They were followed up for 12 years in a large community-based study. Various medical indexes, including Body Mass Index, were collected in 2001, 2007, and 2013. The Marginal Logistic Regression model, which includes linear and quadratic effects of the Baseline Age and its difference with current age, is used. Results Between 2001 and 2013, the prevalence of obesity raised from 13% to 18% in men and from 31% to 44% in women. The odds of obesity for women was approximately three times the odds of obesity for men on average adjusting for the age effects. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the prevalence of obesity for individuals with Baseline Age 35 to 55 and a decline thereafter. Also, the odds ratio of obesity across one’s life course, had about 3% increase, on average, by each year aging, regardless of the age at baseline. Conclusions The high rate of obesity and its fast growth is a serious public health issue among Iranians, especially in adults age 35-55, and women. In the present study, Baseline Age was more strongly associated with the risk of obesity than aging. Considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age, helps us to understand the effect of age on obesity better and to identify the related factors.