bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insulin Secretion and Clearance after Subacute Estradiol Administration in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Van Pelt Rachael E. , Schwartz Robert S. , Kohrt Wendy M.
Published: November 2007

Context: Data from large clinical trials of postmenopausal women suggest that the incidence of diabetes is reduced in women randomized to estrogen-based hormone therapy when compared with placebo. Whether this is due to an effect of estrogen on insulin or glucose metabolism remains unclear.

Objective: Our objective was to test the hypothesis that estradiol (E2) increases insulin secretion and clearance.

Design: Serum insulin and C-peptide (CPEP) responses to hyperglycemia (250 mg/dl) plus iv l-arginine were measured on 2 separate days, with (EST) and without [control (CON)] subacute (24 h) transdermal E2 administration.

Study Participants: There were 11 postmenopausal women (mean ± sd; 55 ± 4 yr) included in this study.

Main Outcomes: Insulin secretion and clearance were estimated from the CPEP area under the curve and the molar ratio of CPEP to insulin area under the curve, respectively. Mean glucose disposal rate (GDR) was estimated from the rate of glucose infusion during the final 30 min of the hyperglycemic clamp.

Results: There were no differences in insulin secretion or clearance between the EST and CON days. Fasting glucose was lower on the EST compared with the CON (93 ± 6 vs. 98 ± 8 mg/dl), but mean GDR was not different. However, when one outlier was excluded from analysis, GDR was increased after EST compared with CON. Furthermore, a strong inverse association was observed between years since menopause and E2-mediated changes in GDR (r = −0.794; P = 0.004).

Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, 24-h transdermal E2 administration did not alter insulin secretion or clearance in postmenopausal women. However, a longer time since menopause was associated with a reduced effect of E2 to increase glucose uptake.
Evidence That the BLOC-1 Protein Dysbindin Modulates Dopamine D2Receptor Internalization and Signaling But Not D1Internalization
Authors: Iizuka Yukihiko , Sei Yoshitatsu , Weinberger Daniel R. , Straub Richard E.
Published: November 2007

The schizophrenia susceptibility gene dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) encodes dysbindin, which along with its binding partner Muted is an essential component of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1). Dysbindin expression is reduced in schizophrenic brain tissue, but the molecular mechanisms by which this contributes to pathogenesis and symptomatology are unknown. We studied the effects of transfection of DTNBP1 siRNA on cell surface levels of dopamine D2receptor (DRD2) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and in rat primary cortical neurons. DTNBP1 siRNA decreased dysbindin protein, increased cell surface DRD2 and blocked dopamine-induced DRD2 internalization. MUTED siRNA produced similar effects. In contrast, decreased dysbindin did not change dopamine D1receptor (DRD1) levels, or its basal or dopamine-induced internalization. The DRD2 agonist quinpirole reduced phosphorylation of CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) in dysbindin downregulated cells, demonstrating enhanced intracellular signaling caused by the upregulation of DRD2. This is the first demonstration of a schizophrenia susceptibility gene exerting a functional effect on DRD2 signaling, a pathway that has long been implicated in the illness. We propose a molecular mechanism for pathogenesis in which risk alleles inDTNBP1, or other factors that also downregulate dysbindin, compromise the ability of BLOC-1 to traffic DRD2 toward degradation, but has little effect on DRD1 trafficking. Impaired trafficking of DRD2 decreases dopamine-induced internalization, and with more receptors retained on the cell surface, dopamine stimulation produces excess intracellular signaling. Such an increase in DRD2 signaling relative to DRD1 would contribute to the imbalances in dopaminergic neurotransmission characteristic of schizophrenia.
Independent Expression of Synaptic and Morphological Plasticity Associated with Long-Term Depression
Authors: Wang Xiao-bin , Yang Yunlei , Zhou Qiang
Published: November 2007

Physiological and morphological alterations occur with long-term synaptic modifications, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), but whether these two processes are independent or interactive is unclear. It is also unknown whether or how morphological modifications, like spine remodeling, may contribute to physiological modifications, such as trafficking of glutamate receptors which underlies, at least partially, the expression of LTP and LTD. In this study, we monitored spine size and synaptic responses simultaneously using combined two photon time-lapse imaging with patch-clamp recording in acute hippocampal slices. We show that spine shrinkage and LTD can occur independently of each other. We further show that changes in spine size are unrelated to trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) under various conditions: constitutive trafficking of AMPARs, insulin-induced internalization of AMPARs, or lateral movement of AMPARs to extrasynaptic sites. Induction of LTD of NMDA receptor-mediated responses (NMDAR-LTD) is associated with spine shrinkage. Nonetheless, NMDAR-LTD and spine shrinkage diverge in the downstream signaling events, and can occur independently of each other. Thus, spine shrinkage is not caused by or required for trafficking of glutamate receptors. In a broader sense, there is a clear dissociation between physiological and morphological expression of LTD. However, inhibition of actin depolymerization blocked the expression of LTD, suggesting that morphologically silent actin remodeling may be involved in the physiological expression of LTD and different subpopulations of actin filaments undergo changes during LTD.
Unstructured Networking in a Charisma-based New Religious Movement
Authors: Kerkhove Ray
Published: November 2007

The relatively unstructured beginnings of many charisma-based new religions, and their rapid transformation into structured institutions is a process that has attracted many studies since original forays into this field by Max Weber. Although several scholars - notably Luther Gerlach and Virginia Hine – have identified more diffuse modes of religious organization amongst new religions (usually ‘networks’ of one sort or another), there has been little investigation of why some groups begin with a charismatic leader yet never transform into a structured, hierarchical entity. The ‘Baba lovers’ movement is considered in this paper as a prime example of this occurrence. Despite its origins in the charismatic authority of its founder - Avatar Meher Baba (1894-1969) –it does not seem to have solidified into a structured, hierarchical form. It seems to have remained a loose network. This essay identifies various ways in which the Meher Baba movement exemplifies a SPIN-type network. The author seeks an explanation for this continued fluidity in Meher Baba’s dictates concerning organizational structures, and in Indic notions of “internal guidance from the Master.” The author argues that for many “guru”-oriented groups past and present, belief in posthumous “internal guidance” minimized the need for complex organizational/ hierarchical structures.
Graham Harvey (ed.), Ritual and Religious Belief: A Reader.
Authors: Cusack Carole M.
Published: November 2007

Graham Harvey (ed.), Ritual and Religious Belief: A Reader. Equinox, London, 2005, pp. ix + 292, ISBN 1904768172
China Eastern Airlines: People's Republic of China Accounting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards, or U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles?
Authors: Haverty John L.
Published: November 2007

China Eastern Airlines, headquartered in the People's Republic of China, has been listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange since 1997. In its 2005 annual report, China Eastern Airlines presents two sets of financial statements: one prepared under People's Republic of China accounting regulations, and a second set prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards. In addition, as a listed company on the New York Stock Exchange, China Eastern Airlines files Form 20-F with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. This filing includes a limited reconciliation of net income and net assets from International Financial Reporting Standards to United States' generally accepted accounting principles. Your job is to examine these financial statements, explore any differences noted between each of the financial statements and U.S. GAAP, and highlight some issues to be included in a financial analysis of China Eastern Airlines for possible inclusion in an investment portfolio.
International Transfer Pricing at Marks Pharmaceuticals: A Tax and Financial Accounting Perspective
Authors: Noga Tracy J. , Wilkinson Brett R. , Ford Caroline O.
Published: November 2007

This case presents a realistic global business situation dealing with an important and timely topic: transfer pricing. Specifically, the case addresses transfer pricing issues relating to both tangibles and intangibles and examines the issue from both tax and financial accounting perspectives. Recent developments in the tax and financial reporting domains make this an ideal setting in which to introduce students to current issues and to demonstrate the interrelated nature of these subdisciplines. The case can be readily adapted for use in a variety of classes (research, tax, or financial accounting) at both the graduate and undergraduate levels.
Polymerization Efficiency of Glass-Ionomer and Resin Adhesives under Molar Bands
Authors: Rejman Daniel John , Eliades Theodore , Bradley Thomas G. , Eliades George
Published: November 2007

Objective: To determine the degree of cure of a light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) under molar bands compared with a light-cured resin and a dual-cured resin.

Materials and Methods: The 3 cements used were Fuji Ortho LC, Eagle Spectrum resin, and Variolink II dual-cure. Each sample was indirectly light cured for 20 seconds (10 seconds occlusally, 10 seconds cervically) under sections of molar bands, and the degree of cure was evaluated with micro-MIR FTIR spectroscopy.

Results: The RMGI exhibited a significantly higher mean degree of cure (55.31%) than both of the resins (Eagle 19.23%; Variolink II, 25.42%), which did not differ significantly at α = .05 level of significance.

Conclusion: Higher degree of conversion can be obtained from RMGIs under molar bands compared with composite resin adhesives provided the proper curing technique is used.
Near-End of Treatment Panoramic Radiograph in the Assessment of Mesiodistal Root Angulation
Authors: Owens Ann Marie , Johal Ama
Published: November 2007

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the actual mesiodistal root angulation and the mesiodistal root angulation as measured on the panoramic radiograph.

Materials and Methods: A typodont dentition was set up into a Class I occlusion. Wire struts were placed on the buccal surface of each tooth to represent their long axes. The dentition was fixed into a natural skull for imaging. The radiographic and true mesiodistal angulation of each tooth to a horizontal reference plane (the arch wire) was measured using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The mesiodistal root positions were then altered to a more mesial and then more distal position and the measurements were repeated.

Results: Only 26.7% of the radiographic root angulations were within the clinically acceptable angular variation range of ±2.5°. The greatest variation in the upper arch occurred in the canine-premolar area where the roots were projected as being more divergent. The greatest variation in the lower arch occurred in the lateral incisor-canine region where these roots were projected as being more convergent. The extent of radiographic distortion is statistically greater in the lower arch than in the upper arch in the ideal (P ≤ .05) and distal (P ≤ .01) root positions.

Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. There is a clinically significant variation between the radiographic and the true root angulations recorded. Caution is advised when interpreting mesiodistal root angulation using this radiograph.
Hyperhidrosis and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders Among Adolescents
Authors: Zloof Yair , Derazne Estela , Braun Maya , Friedland Rivka , Scheuerman Oded , Shlaifer Amir , Goldberg Lotem
Published: March 2024

This cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence and risk of excessive sweating and joint hypermobility in Israeli adolescents aged 16 to 19 years.
Persistent Cutaneous Lesions of Darier Disease and Second-Hit Somatic Variants in ATP2A2 Gene
Authors: Atzmony Lihi , Zagairy Fadia , Mawassi Banan , Shehade Majd , Tatour Yasmin , Danial-Farran Nada , Khayat Morad , Warrour Nassim , Dodiuk-Gad Roni , Cohen-Barak Eran
Published: March 2024

Importance

Darier disease (DD) is a rare genetic skin disorder caused by heterozygous variants in the ATP2A2 gene. Clinical manifestations include recurrent hyperkeratotic papules and plaques that occur mainly in seborrheic areas. Although some of the lesions wax and wane in response to environmental factors, others are severe and respond poorly to therapy.

Objective

To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the persistency of skin lesions in DD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this case series, DNA was extracted from unaffected skin, transient and persistent lesional skin, and blood from 9 patients with DD. Genetic analysis was used using paired-whole exome sequencing of affected skin and blood or by deep sequencing of ATP2A2 of affected skin. Chromosomal microarray analysis was used to reveal copy number variants and loss of heterozygosity. All variants were validated by Sanger sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Interventions or Exposures

Paired whole-exome sequencing and deep sequencing of ATP2A2 gene from blood and skin samples isolated from persistent, transient lesions and unaffected skin in patients with DD.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Germline and somatic genomic characteristics of persistent and transient cutaneous lesions in DD.

Results

Of 9 patients with DD, all had heterozygous pathogenic germline variants in the ATP2A2 gene, 6 were female. Participant age ranged from 40 to 69 years on enrollment. All 11 persistent skin lesions were associated with second-hit somatic variants in the ATP2A2 gene. The somatic variants were classified as highly deleterious via combined annotation-dependent depletion (CADD) scores or affect splicing, and 3 of them had been previously described in patients with DD and acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf. Second-hit variants in the ATP2A2 gene were not identified in the transient lesions (n = 2) or the normal skin (n = 2).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, persistent DD lesions were associated with the presence of second-hit somatic variants in the ATP2A2 gene. Identification of these second-hit variants offers valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the lasting nature of persistent DD lesions.
Modifiable Lifestyle, Sedentary Behaviors and the Risk of Frailty: A Univariate and Multivariate Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yu Ling , Guo Zeyi , Long Qing , Zhao Xinling , Liu Yilin , Cao Xiang , Zhang Yunqiao , Yan Weimin , Qian Qing qing , Chen Jian , Teng Zhaowei , Zeng Yong
Published: March 2024

This research conducted a two‐sample univariate and multivariate Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal link between different types of leisure sedentary behavior (LSB) and frailty. Independent instrumental variables significantly associated with sedentary behaviors (p < 5 × 10−8) are obtained from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 422,218 individuals, and Frailty Index (FI) are derived from the latest GWAS dataset of 175,226 individuals. MR analysis is conducted using inverse variance weighting, MR‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, supplemented by MRAPSS. Univariate MR revealed that sedentary behaviors such as watching television increased the risk of frailty (OR, 1.271; 95% CI: 1.202‐1.345; p = 6.952 × 10−17), as sedentary driving behaviors are done (OR, 1.436; 95% CI: 1.026‐2.011; p = 0.035). Further validation through APSS, taking into account cryptic relatedness, stratification, and sample overlap, maintained the association between television viewing and increased frailty risk (OR, 1.394; 95% CI: 1.266‐1.534; p = 1.143 × 10−11), while the association with driving dissipated. In multivariate inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis, after adjusting for C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, television Sedentary behavior (SB) inversely affected frailty (OR, 0.782; 95% CI: 0.724‐0.845; p = 4.820 × 10−10). This study indicates that televisio SB significantly increases the risk of frailty, suggesting potential biological heterogeneity behind specific sedentary activities. This process may interact with inflammation, influencing the development of frailty.
Emerging Strategies for Optimizing Cell‐Derived Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Chen Huan , Zhang Siyi , Fu Yao
Published: March 2024

As an ideal biological scaffold, cell‐derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) attracts increasing attention and is prepared and studied for tissue engineering. However, a few barriers prevent its extensive clinical usage, indicating that it requires further optimization. This review starts with a brief introduction to the benefits and limitations of dECM as a biomaterial. Then, it provides a novel perspective summarizing and describing methods for dECM optimization, delineating strategies to optimize regular cell‐derived dECM sheet preparation and additional biochemical or mechanophysical procedures to further modify the scaffold. These innovative approaches equip engineered biomaterials based on cell‐derived dECMs with key properties and functionalities, thus providing a great opportunity for their broader future therapeutic applications. Finally, several ideas and directions for future development are also prospected.
Modular Satellite Nanoparticles for Remedying Primary and Secondary Injury in Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion
Authors: Zhou Han , Wu Yu , Li Min , Liang Qirui , Dong Wang , Li Qing , Wang Yucai
Published: March 2024

Reperfusion therapy, employed in the treatment of acute stroke, frequently proves to be inadequate in addressing the primary brain tissue injury and may even give rise to secondary damage. The study introduces a satellite nanoparticle platform named MEps, which combine the neural repair properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (Exos) with the inflammatory site‐targeting abilities of macrophage membranes (MMs). MMs and Exos in MEps act like satellites, ensuring precise positioning and information transmission. MEps rapidly form a protective barrier on the damaged cerebral vascular endothelial cells through the interaction of adhesion molecules with their receptors, blocking the infiltration of neutrophils. Subsequently, repair factors in Exos repair the damaged cells and initiate neurogenesis. The results indicate that this innovative approach effectively mitigates ischemic‐reperfusion injury at multiple levels and demonstrates strong biocompatibility. This strategy holds promise for clinical applications in alleviating ischemic‐reperfusion injury.
Fibrosis‐on‐Chip: A Guide to Recapitulate the Essential Features of Fibrotic Disease
Authors: Streutker Emma M. , Devamoglu Utku , Vonk Madelon C. , Verdurmen Wouter P. R. , Le Gac Séverine
Published: March 2024

Fibrosis, which is primarily marked by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, is a pathophysiological process associated with many disorders, which ultimately leads to organ dysfunction and poor patient outcomes. Despite the high prevalence of fibrosis, currently there exist few therapeutic options, and importantly, there is a paucity of in vitro models to accurately study fibrosis. This review discusses the multifaceted nature of fibrosis from the viewpoint of developing organ‐on‐chip (OoC) disease models, focusing on five key features: the ECM component, inflammation, mechanical cues, hypoxia, and vascularization. The potential of OoC technology is explored for better modeling these features in the context of studying fibrotic diseases and the interplay between various key features is emphasized. This paper reviews how organ‐specific fibrotic diseases are modeled in OoC platforms, which elements are included in these existing models, and the avenues for novel research directions are highlighted. Finally, this review concludes with a perspective on how to address the current gap with respect to the inclusion of multiple features to yield more sophisticated and relevant models of fibrotic diseases in an OoC format.
Giant Modulation of the Second Harmonic Generation by Magnetoelectricity in Two‐Dimensional Multiferroic CuCrP2S6
Authors: Aoki Shunta , Dong Yu , Wang Ziqian , Huang Xiang S.W. , Itahashi Yuki M. , Ogawa Naoki , Ideue Toshiya , Iwasa Yoshihiro
Published: March 2024

Multiferroic materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique magnetoelectric or magnetooptical properties. The recent discovery of few‐layer van der Waals multiferroic crystals provides a new research direction for controlling the multiferroic properties in the atomic layer limit. However, research on few‐layer multiferroic crystals is limited and the effect of thickness‐dependent symmetries on those properties is less explored. In this study, the symmetries and magnetoelectric responses of van der Waals multiferroic CuCrP2S6 are investigated by optical second harmonic generation (SHG). Structural and magnetic phase transitions are successfully probed by the temperature‐dependent SHG signals, revealing significant changes by applying the magnetic field reflecting the magnetoelectric effect. Moreover, it is found that symmetries and resultant magnetoelectric responses can be modulated by the number of layers. These results offer a new principle of controlling the multiferroicity and indicate that 2D van der Waals multiferroic material is a promising building block for functional nanodevices.
Enhancing Stability and Performance in Tin‐Based Perovskite Field‐Effect Transistors Through Hydrogen Bond Suppression of Organic Cation Migration
Authors: Yang Wenshu , Zhang Kai , Yuan Wei , Zhang Lijun , Qin Chuanjiang , Wang Haibo
Published: March 2024

Ion migration poses a substantial challenge in perovskite transistors, exerting detrimental effects on hysteresis and operational stability. This study focuses on elucidating the influence of ion migration on the performance of tin‐based perovskite field‐effect transistors (FETs). It is revealed that the high background carrier density in FASnI3 FETs arises not only from the oxidation of Sn2+ but also from the migration of FA+ ions. The formation of hydrogen bonding between FA+ and F− ions efficiently inhibits ion migration, leading to a reduction in background carrier density and an improvement in the operational stability of the transistors. The strategy of hydrogen bond is extended to fluorine‐substituted additives to improve device performance. The incorporation of 4‐fluorophenethylammonium iodide additives into FETs significantly minimizes the shift of turn‐on voltage during cyclic measurements. Notably, an effective mobility of up to 30 cm2 V−1 s−1 with an Ion/off ratio of 107 is achieved. These findings hold promising potential for advancing tin‐based perovskite technology in the field of electronics.
Unraveling the Potential of a Nanostructured Tungsten–Tungsten Oxide Thin Film Electrode as a Bioresorbable Multichemical Wound Healing Monitor
Authors: Fernandes Catarina , Loukopoulos Vasileios , Smets Jorid , Franceschini Filippo , Deschaume Olivier , Bartic Carmen , Ameloot Rob , Ustarroz Jon , Taurino Irene
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in wearable technology have led to a new era of intelligent wound dressings capable of monitoring vital healing biomarkers. While a significant leap from traditional gauze dressings, these innovations still necessitate periodic removal and disposal. Bioresorbable electrochemical sensors have emerged as a promising and sustainable solution, offering continuous monitoring of critical wound healing biomarkers in real‐time and in situ, followed by their full physiological resorption. The current challenge lies in the susceptibility of metallic electrodes to harsh electrolytic biofluids, hindering the development of viable transient electrochemical sensors. This study pioneers a bioresorbable electrochemical material and unique architecture comprising engineered sputtered tungsten (W) plus tungsten oxide (WOx) thin films, taking advantage of their high catalytic activity and uniquely gradual biodissolution. While a bare W film electrode detached from the wafer substrate within 5 hours of soaking, an annealed W‐WOx electrode showcases a notable electrochemical stability at body temperature, for up to several days. The latter reliably senses multiple analytes during 24‐hour room‐temperature tests. These findings underscore the potential of annealed W plus WOx electrodes in future bioresorbable wound management systems.
3D Measurements and Characterizations of Refractive Index Distributions of Volume Holographic Gratings Using Low‐Coherence Holotomography
Authors: Jo Jaepil , Baek Dongjae , Hugonnet Herve , Kim Kwangjin , Ji Hyungu , Lim Yongjun , Kim Taehong , Lee Seungwoo , Park YongKeun
Published: March 2024

Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs) employ refractive index (RI) modulation to manipulate light, establishing their widespread application in augmented and virtual reality technologies. Despite significant strides in HOEs' fabrication, a comprehensive 3D examination and measurement of these elements remain largely unexplored. This study targets this void by conducting an in‐depth exploration of the 3D RI distributions of volume holographic gratings (VHGs), a quintessential representative of HOEs. Direct tomographic measurements of the 3D RI distributions within millimeter‐scale VHGs are performed at a spatial resolution of 156 nm × 156 nm × 1.2 µm and an RI precision of 2×10−4. This level of precision facilitates a systematic high‐resolution characterization of VHGs. The findings present a substantial evolution from traditional measurement techniques and promise to considerably advance the evaluation of intricate HOE structures and refine the corresponding fabrication processes.
Combining Carbon Materials and Ionic Liquid Gels to Boost Simultaneous Removal of Emerging Pollutants from Wastewaters
Authors: Marullo Salvatore , D'Anna Francesca
Published: March 2024

Water bodies contamination is a pressing issue of modern society, exacerbated by the large structural variety of contaminants. This explains the interest toward developing systems able to remove from wastewater different contaminants, with different susceptibility to removal methods. Consequently, herein hybrid ionic liquid gels, based on 1,3:2,4‐dibenzylidene‐D‐sorbitol (DBS), doped with graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide, are described. First, the gel–sol transition temperatures (Tgel), rheological and self‐healing properties are determined. These gels are then used as sorbent materials and, for the first time, for removing mixtures of pollutants of different classes, namely the dyes rhodamine B and methyl orange, the drugs diclofenac and carbamazepine, or the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A, to simulate real wastewaters. Interestingly, hybrid gels prove efficient in removing single and mixed pollutants. The best performing gel is reusable for at least 12 consecutive cycles, without any intermediate washing. It can also be embedded in adsorption columns or dialysis membranes, to treat larger volumes of wastewater. Here, this gel achieves an adsorption capacity of 117 and 66 mg g−1 for rhodamine B and bisphenol A in mixture, with a distinct preference toward cationic contaminants, exhibiting competitive performance with most systems previously reported.
Very High In‐Plane Magnetic Field Sensitivity in Ion‐Implanted 4H‐SiC PIN Diodes
Authors: Okeil Hesham , Erlbacher Tobias , Wachutka Gerhard
Published: March 2024

In this study ion‐implanted lateral 4H‐SiC pin diodes are reported, which show an unexpectedly high room temperature in‐plane magnetic field sensitivity approaching 100 % at 0.5 Tesla. Using dedicated TCAD simulations the underlying transduction mechanism is studied, and the effect of implantation‐induced carrier traps on the observed high sensitivity is unraveled. The study shows how such traps can greatly control the injection conditions at the highly doped implant regions providing a plausible explanation for an observed portion in the IV‐characteristics of the pin diodes exhibiting the aforementioned high magnetic field sensitivity.
The cytotoxicity of palladium (II) complexes containing 1,2‐ or 1,4‐diazine bridging ligands on squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro: Insights in the mechanisms of action
Authors: Glišić Miona , Čanović Petar P. , Zarić Milan M. , Živković Zarić Radica S. , Franich Andjela , Rajković Snežana , Živković Marija
Published: March 2024

Binuclear [{Pd (dien)}2(μ‐pz)](ClO4)4 (Pd1) and [{Pd (dien)}2(μ‐pydz)](ClO4)4 (Pd2) complexes, where pz is 1,4‐diazine and pydz is 1,2‐diazine bridging ligands and dien (diethylenetriamine) is a tridentately coordinated triamine ligand, were synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy, and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Electronic absorption spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to study the interactions of the prepared Pd1 and Pd2 complexes with deoxyribonucleic acid (CT‐DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). According to the UV–Vis spectrophotometric data, the complexes interact with CT‐DNA and bind to the BSA as a possible carrier to the target site. The antitumor properties of the tested palladium compounds were evaluated on three types of human cancer cells, namely, squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC‐4, cervical carcinoma cells HeLa and colorectal carcinoma cells HCT116, and one type of malignantly unchanged cells, MRC‐5 fibroblasts. The highest cytotoxicity was shown by the Pd1 compound against SCC‐4 cell, with an IC50 value of 5.4 ± 1.2 μM. The results showed that the cytotoxic potential against SCC‐4 cells of our new palladium complexes Pd1 and Pd2 was comparable with the cytotoxic potential of cisplatin and oxaliplatin. However, Pd1 and Pd2 displayed significantly lower cytotoxicity in comparison with cisplatin and oxaliplatin against non‐malignant cells, fibroblasts MRC5, so these results may suggest that local and systemic complications of antitumor therapy could be reduced and/or avoided. Both compounds selectively decreased the viability of SCC‐4 cells by induction of apoptosis. Also, Pd1 and Pd2 induced S‐phase cell cycle arrest in human SCC‐4 cells, so that could be another mechanism to halt the uncontrolled growth and division of cancer cells. Moreover, the precise molecular mechanism of Pd1 and Pd2 complexes‐induced apoptosis was the activation of the intrinsic signaling pathway of apoptosis, which also included activation of caspase‐3. Therefore, our new palladium (II) complexes might have a promising role as the potential future cytostatic agents.
The effect of curing temperature on hardening, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of adhesive for retard‐bonded prestressed tendon
Authors: Li Xianhua , Jiang Fangxin , Zhang Xue , Li Peixun , Chen Shangzhi , Sun Yue
Published: March 2024

The effect of curing temperature on hardening, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of adhesive for retard‐bonded prestressed systems is investigated in detail. To evaluate the degree of hardening of the adhesive, the cone penetration and Shore hardness of two samples are tested throughout the curing process under conditions of 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65°C. The thermal performance and curing reaction are characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The mechanical properties with respect to the cure temperatures are characterized by compression strength tests. Experimental results present that after curing under conditions ranging from 25 to 65°C, the hardness of the samples reached its maximum values (85–90 D). As the temperature increased from 25 to 65°C, there was a greater degree of curing cross‐linking, resulting in an increase in compressive strength from 55 to 72 MPa. Based on Shore hardness–time experimental data, a logarithmic model is proposed for predicting the hardness of adhesives at any given time for engineering applications. Additionally, the time–temperature superposition principle is utilized to extrapolate the curing time of the adhesive under low‐temperature conditions. The research findings are of significant importance for the assessment of adhesive hardening.
Insights on the processing and thermal degradation kinetics of PA6/PE‐g‐AA blends
Authors: Araújo Amanda , Franco Luiz , Barreto José , Barros Ana , Bezerra Elieber , Luna Carlos , Ferreira Eduardo , Silva Ingridy , Souza Matheus , Araújo Edcleide , Wellen Renate
Published: March 2024

Blends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyethylene‐grafted acrylic acid (PE‐g‐AA) in contents 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 were processed in a torque rheometer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed secondary hydrogen bond interactions between COOH (PE‐g‐AA) and NCOH (PA6) groups. Addition of PE‐g‐AA did not promote significant changes in the thermal stability of the blends, as evidenced in the torque curves and thermogravimetric plots, which showed weight loss in a single stage for PA6 and PE‐g‐AA, with T0.01 343 and 409°C, and predominant release of CO2, according to thermogravimetric analysis coupled to infrared spectra. The degradation kinetics were adequately modeled using Friedman, Ozawa—Flynn—Wall, and Vyazovkin, with R2 > 0.99, showing a higher value for PE‐g‐AA, occurring in a complex way with three competitive degradation mechanisms, F1, R3, and An.
InAs–InP Superlattice Nanowires with Tunable Phonon Frequencies
Authors: Zannier V. , Trautvetter J. , Sivan A. K. , Rossi F. , de Matteis D. , Abad B. , Rurali R. , Sorba L. , Zardo I.
Published: March 2024

The control of heat conduction through the manipulation of phonons in solids is of fundamental interest and can be exploited in applications for thermoelectric conversion. In this context, the advent of novel semiconductor nanomaterials with high surface‐to‐volume ratio, e.g. nanowires, offer exciting perspectives, leading to significant leaps forwarding the efficiency of solid‐state thermoelectric converters after decades of stagnation. Beyond the high aspect ratio, the nanowire geometry offers unprecedented possibilities of materials combination and crystal phase engineering not achievable with 2D counterparts. In this work, the growth of long (up to 100 repetitions) wurtzite InAs/InP superlattice nanowires with homogeneous segment thicknesses is reported, with control down to the single digit of nanometer. By means of Raman scattering experiments, clear modifications of the phonon dispersion in superlattice nanowires are found, where both InAs‐like and InP‐like modes are present. The experimentally measured modes are well reproduced by density functional perturbation theory calculations. Remarkably, it is found that the phonon frequencies can be tuned by the superlattice periodicity, opening exciting perspectives for phonon engineering and thermoelectric applications.
Responses Toward Structural, Electrical, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of RbGeF3 Under Pressure: DFT Insights
Authors: Chowdhury Sabuj , Chakraborty Jaba Kusum
Published: March 2024

Density functional theory is used in the current study to thoroughly examine the physical properties of perovskites made of halide RbGeF3 under a variety of hydrostatic pressure ranges between 0 and 50 GPa. This research seeks to reduce the electronic bandgap of RbGeF3 under pressure to enhance the optical properties and evaluate the compounds' decency for usage in optoelectronic and electrical uses. The precision of the structural characteristics is relatively high, and they fit well with published earlier research. A higher interaction between atoms is also a result of the large drop in lattice characteristics and link length. Pressurization reveals the ionic and covalent characteristics of the bonds between Rb‐F and Ge‐F, respectively. Both the conductivity and the optical absorbance vary noticeably when hydrostatic pressure is applied. A zero bandgap finally arises via pressure‐induced bandgap shrinkage, improving conductivity and electromagnetic absorption. Based on their optical properties, the materials being studied could be used in a variety of visible and ultraviolet optoelectronic devices. External pressure increases the anisotropy and ductility of the aforementioned perovskites, hence influencing their mechanical behavior. This study describes the changes in physical characteristics brought on by applied stress and offers a thorough examination of those changes.
Training healthcare professionals to discriminate between examples and non‐examples of racial microaggressions
Authors: Romani Patrick W. , Hays Tara M. , Glover Jenna , Swain‐Cockrell Arletta
Published: March 2024

President Bill Clinton's Race Advisory Board (1998) discussed racism as being nearly invisible to Americans, and White Americans are often unaware of their role in perpetuating racism today. Microaggressions are a common type of racism that take the form of denigrating comments toward those of racial minority groups (Sue et al., 2007). While often unintentional or unconsciously used, microaggressions adversely affect today's society. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a differential reinforcement with feedback intervention to facilitate discrimination between examples and non‐examples of microaggressions among healthcare workers employed by a tertiary hospital setting. We recruited 26 healthcare workers to complete three surveys via a Qualtrics survey. Baseline data showed moderately high, but variable, accuracy in discriminating examples and non‐examples of microaggressions. Following the reinforcement plus feedback intervention, participants' accurate discrimination between (non‐) examples of microaggressions increased. We will discuss these results in terms of using behavior‐analytic procedures to effectively teach what constitutes microaggressive acts that negatively impact people of color.
Development of a novel glucose‐dendrimer based therapeutic targeting hyperexcitable neurons in neurological disorders
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Sah Nirnath , Sharma Rishi , Vyas Preeti , Liyanage Wathsala , Kannan Sujatha , Kannan Rangaramanujam M.
Published: March 2024

Neuronal hyperexcitability and excitotoxicity lies at the core of debilitating brain disorders such as epilepsy and traumatic brain injury, culminating in neuronal death and compromised brain function. Overcoming this challenge requires a unique approach that selectively restores normal neuronal activity and rescues neurons from impending damage. However, delivering drugs selectively to hyperexcitable neurons has been a challenge, even upon local administration. Here, we demonstrate the remarkable ability of a novel, scalable, generation‐two glucose‐dendrimer (GD2) made primarily of glucose and ethylene glycol building blocks, to specifically target hyperexcitable neurons in primary culture, ex vivo acute brain slices, and in vivo mouse models of acute seizures. Pharmacology experiments in ex vivo brain slices suggest GD2 uptake in neurons is mediated through glucose transporters (GLUT and SGLT). Inspired by these findings, we conjugated GD2 with a potent anti‐epileptic drug, valproic acid (GD2–VPA), for efficacy studies in the pilocarpine‐mouse model of seizure. When delivered intranasally, GD2–VPA significantly decreased the seizure‐severity. In summary, our findings demonstrate the unique selectivity of glucose dendrimers in targeting hyperexcitable neurons, even upon intranasal delivery, laying the foundation for neuron‐specific therapies for the precise protection and restoration of neuronal function, for targeted neuroprotection.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE LATERAL RESISTANCE OF CFS SHEAR WALLS
Authors: Baldassino Nadia , Manzini Lorenzo , Zandonini Riccardo
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the attention grew toward sustainability issues. This led to the popularity of residential buildings made of cold formed steel profiles. In these systems the lateral bracing is provided by the shear walls. Their complex response calls for the design by testing approach. At the University of Trento an experimental study is in progress of the shear wall response under monotonic and cyclic loading. Five shear wall configurations differing in the steel skeleton and sheathings type are comprised in the programme. The paper presents the main features of the testing set‐up and the preliminary results related to two shear wall configurations. The key role of sheathing‐to‐steel framing connections is pointed out.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING – NEW TRENDS AND MARKET ANALYSIS
Authors: Matos Rui , Tankova Trayana
Published: March 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is the industrial production name for 3D printing, a computer‐controlled process that creates three dimensional objects by deposing materials, usually in layers. The improvement of the techniques of AM (decrease of deposition time and/or decrease of the cost of the solution) is leading to an increase of the competitiveness of the solution and therefore the use of additive manufacturing in different applications, namely Civil/Structural Engineering application, is increasing significantly. In this study, a market trend analysis along with some examples of possible applications of AM in different fields of construction is addressed.
SINGULARITIES OBSERVED IN THE CALCULATION OF THE MODAL DAMPING RATIO OF A LONG‐SPAN METAL ARCH BRIDGE
Authors: López‐Aragón J. A. , Astiz M. A.
Published: March 2024

Within the recent studies that are being carried out in the structural health monitoring of bridges, it has been observed that the results of the modal damping ratio can be influenced by some ambient variables and significantly depend on the calculation method that is adopted. In this paper, the main conclusions obtained in the study of the dynamic behaviour of a real structure, the viaduct “Arcos de Alconétar”, in Spain, whose main span is a long metal arch, is reviewed. With this aim, the results obtained from the instrumentation installed during the initial months after its traffic opening are analysed.
THERMAL BUCKLING ON CURVED AND TANGENT RAILWAYS: PARAMETRIC STUDY
Authors: Piloto Paulo A. G. , Minhoto Manuel J. C. , Rossetto Diego R. , Nava Eduardo
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the thermal buckling in railway infrastructures, which can cause derailments and safety risks. The research analyses the influence of various parameters on thermal buckling, focusing on misalignment and ballast resistance. Using a finite element model, curved and tangent tracks are simulated, considering rail sections, sleeper materials, fastener stiffness and initial imperfections. Results demonstrate that ballast resistance is the most critical factor, with compacted ballast increasing buckling temperatures by up to 127%. Additionally, rail imperfections significantly impact temperature increases. A new design guide is proposed for operating conditions under different conditions.
Design of Induction Heatable Carbon‐Based Foams for Catalysis
Authors: Maier Jonathan , Greuel Marc , Hausruckinger Martin , Oppmann Maximilian , Waterman Clara , Schug Benedikt
Published: March 2024

Carbon foams with and without functional particles were prepared via a simple direct foaming process. The carbon foams were composed of pyrolytic carbon and graphite. In the foams with additional functional particles, the latter were integrated directly in the direct foaming process. These functional particles were the catalytic material Saponite and the induction heat‐able material MagSilica®. The foams were characterized including the induction heatability. The foams were also successfully tested in an induction heated lab‐scale reactor for a case study reaction, ethanol to 1,3‐butadiene.
An Overview and Future Perspectives of Rechargeable Flexible Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Bai Linming , Wang Dan , Wang Wenlong , Yan Wei
Published: March 2024

Environmental friendliness and low‐cost zinc‐air batteries for flexible rechargeable applications have great potential in the field of flexible electronics and smart wearables owing to high energy density and long service life. However, the current technology of flexible rechargeable zinc‐air batteries to meet the commercialization needs still facing enormous challenges due to the poor adaptability of each flexible component of the zinc‐air batteries. This review focused on the latest progress over the past 5 years in designing and fabricating flexible self‐standing air electrodes, flexible electrolytes and zinc electrodes of flexible Zn‐air batteries, meanwhile the basic working principle of each component of flexible rechargeable zinc‐air batteries and battery structures optimization are also described. Finally, challenges and prospects for the future development of flexible rechargeable zinc‐air batteries are discussed. This work is intended to provide insights and general guidance for future exploration of the design and fabrication on high‐performance flexible rechargeable zinc‐air batteries.
Stimulating the cingulate to move
Authors: Xu An Qi , Nguyen Nicolas , Assi Elie Bou , Nguyen Dang Khoa
Published: March 2024

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Simulation of topographic effects on soil erosion and deposition in a small watershed of loess hilly region
Authors: Yao Zhihong , Zhang Yiwen , Yang Qinke , Zhang Lu , Wang Lingling , Zhao Dongbao
Published: March 2024

Topography plays a critical role in soil migration and redistribution, but few studies have been conducted to quantify its effects on sediment deposition. In this study, we established a physical simulation and analysis framework to investigate the erosional and depositional impacts of two‐dimensional slope terrain, specifically applied to Xiannangou small watershed in the loess hilly region. The results showed that the slope gradient, slope length, and slope shape have significantly influence the distribution of soil erosion and deposition. The magnitude of the erosion/deposition rate (Yr) determines the relative intensity of slope erosion and deposition, where Yr < 0 indicates erosion and Yr > 0 signifies deposition. The erosion rate on straight slope exhibited a positive correlation with slope length, while the erosion/deposition rate on concave and convex slopes exhibited fluctuations with slope length. Soil erosion predominantly occurred along the main flow line and the middle slope, aligning with the observed distribution of gully and slope erosion in the field. The sediment deposition was primarily concentrated on the lower slope or the lowest outlet of the basin, notably in gullies and gentle slopes where the terrain slows, especially during transition from steep to gradual slopes. These results can effectively predict the relative erosion/sedimentation rate of two‐dimensional slopes, significantly contributing to a comprehensive understanding of how topography influences soil erosion and deposition. This study thoroughly considers the role of sediment deposition in the soil erosion process, providing a more accurate reflection of soil erosion/deposition in small watersheds. It addresses the existing deficiency in sediment consideration within soil erosion evaluation and supports the enhancement of soil erosion model.