bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of relativistic laser intensity on isochoric heating of metal wire targets
Authors: Martynenko A. S. , Pikuz S. A. , Antonelli L. , Barbato F. , Boutoux G. , Giuffrida L. , Honrubia J. J. , Hume E. , Jacoby J. , Khaghani D. , Lancaster K. , Neumayer P. , Rosmej O. N. , Santos J. J. , Turianska O. , Batani D.
Published: March 2021

In a recent experimental campaign, we used laser-accelerated relativistic hot electrons to ensure heating of thin titanium wire targets up to a warm dense matter (WDM) state [EPL 114, 45002 (2016)10.1209/0295-5075/114/45002]. The WDM temperature profiles along several hundred microns of the wire were inferred by using spatially resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy looking at the Ti Kα characteristic lines. A maximum temperature of ∼30 eV was reached. Our study extends this work by discussing the influence of the laser parameters on temperature profiles and the optimisation of WDM wire-based generation. The depth of wire heating may reach several hundreds of microns and it is proven to be strictly dependent on the laser intensity. At the same time, it is quantitatively demonstrated that the maximum WDM temperature doesn’t appear to be sensitive to the laser intensity and mainly depends on the deposited laser energy considering ranges of 6×1018–6×1020 W/cm2 and 50–200 J.
Lensless inference camera: incoherent object recognition through a thin mask with LBP map generation
Authors: Pan Xiuxi , Nakamura Tomoya , Chen Xiao , Yamaguchi Masahiro
Published: March 2021

We propose a preliminary lensless inference camera (LLI camera) specialized for object recognition. The LLI camera performs computationally efficient data preprocessing on the optically encoded pattern through the mask, rather than performing computationally expensive image reconstruction before inference. Therefore, the LLI camera avoids expensive computation and achieves real-time inference. This work proposes a new data preprocessing approach, named local binary patterns map generation, dedicated for optically encoded pattern through the mask. This preprocessing approach greatly improves encoded pattern’s robustness to local disturbances in the scene, making the LLI camera’s practical application possible. The performance of the LLI camera is analyzed through optical experiments on handwritten digit recognition and gender estimation under conditions with changing illumination and a moving target.
Ultra-long-haul digital coherent PSK Y-00 quantum stream cipher transmission system
Authors: Tanizawa Ken , Futami Fumio
Published: March 2021

A record-long 10,118-km fiber transmission with physical layer encryption is demonstrated utilizing a Y-00 cipher based on signal masking by quantum (shot) noise. The Y-00 cipher enables symmetric-key data encryption to ensure the security of the physical layer of optical communications. Irreducible secrecy without significant negative impact on transmission performance is achieved by the synergistic effect of combining seed-key-based high-order modulation and truly random shot noise inevitable in optical detection. This paper reports a comprehensive study of applying a phase-shift-keying (PSK) Y-00 cipher for ultra-long haul fiber transmission. Theoretical analysis shows that security-enhanced transmission over transoceanic-distance (>10,000 km) fiber is feasible when the quadrature PSK data signal is encrypted by converting to a PSK signal with 218 levels. Subsequently, 10,118-km standard single-mode fiber transmission of 48-Gbit/s line-rate dual-polarization PSK Y-00 cipher with 218 levels is experimentally demonstrated. An adequate signal quality above the Q-factor threshold of soft decision forward error correction is achieved together with sufficient signal masking by shot noise, yielding balanced transmission performance and high security in an ultra-long-haul PSK Y-00 cipher transmission system.
A kinetic model of the central carbon metabolism for acrylic acid production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre , Rodrigues Joana , Ferreira Eugénio Campos , Rodrigues Lígia , Dias Oscar
Published: March 2021

Acrylic acid is a value-added chemical used in industry to produce diapers, coatings, paints, and adhesives, among many others. Due to its economic importance, there is currently a need for new and sustainable ways to synthesise it. Recently, the focus has been laid in the use ofEscherichia colito express the full bio-based pathway using 3-hydroxypropionate as an intermediary through three distinct pathways (glycerol, malonyl-CoA, andβ-alanine). Hence, the goals of this work were to use COPASI software to assess which of the three pathways has a higher potential for industrial-scale production, from either glucose or glycerol, and identify potential targets to improve the biosynthetic pathways yields. When compared to the available literature, the models developed during this work successfully predict the production of 3-hydroxypropionate, using glycerol as carbon source in the glycerol pathway, and using glucose as a carbon source in the malonyl-CoA andβ-alanine pathways. Finally, this work allowed to identify four potential over-expression targets (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3pD), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AccC), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), and aspartate carboxylase (AspC)) that should, theoretically, result in higher AA yields.
miRNA-mediated loss of m6A increases nascent translation in glioblastoma
Authors: Zepecki John P. , Karambizi David , Fajardo J. Eduardo , Snyder Kristin M. , Guetta-Terrier Charlotte , Tang Oliver Y. , Chen Jia-Shu , Sarkar Atom , Fiser Andras , Toms Steven A. , Tapinos Nikos
Published: March 2021

Within the glioblastoma cellular niche, glioma stem cells (GSCs) can give rise to differentiated glioma cells (DGCs) and, when necessary, DGCs can reciprocally give rise to GSCs to maintain the cellular equilibrium necessary for optimal tumor growth. Here, using ribosome profiling, transcriptome and m6A RNA sequencing, we show that GSCs from patients with different subtypes of glioblastoma share a set of transcripts, which exhibit a pattern of m6A loss and increased protein translation during differentiation. The target sequences of a group of miRNAs overlap the canonical RRACH m6A motifs of these transcripts, many of which confer a survival advantage in glioblastoma. Ectopic expression of the RRACH-binding miR-145 induces loss of m6A, formation of FTO/AGO1/ILF3/miR-145 complexes on a clinically relevant tumor suppressor gene (CLIP3) and significant increase in its nascent translation. Inhibition of miR-145 maintains RRACH m6A levels of CLIP3 and inhibits its nascent translation. This study highlights a critical role of miRNAs in assembling complexes for m6A demethylation and induction of protein translation during GSC state transition.
Machine-learning model led design to experimentally test species thermal limits: The case of kissing bugs (Triatominae)
Authors: Rabinovich Jorge E. , Alvarez Costa Agustín , Muñoz Ignacio J. , Schilman Pablo E. , Fountain-Jones Nicholas M.
Published: March 2021

Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) determines habitat suitability of a species across geographic areas using macro-climatic variables; however, micro-habitats can buffer or exacerbate the influence of macro-climatic variables, requiring links between physiology and species persistence. Experimental approaches linking species physiology to micro-climate are complex, time consuming and expensive. E.g., what combination of exposure time and temperature is important for a species thermal tolerance is difficult to judgea priori. We tackled this problem using an active learning approach that utilized machine learning methods to guide thermal tolerance experimental design for three kissing-bug species:Triatoma infestans,Rhodnius prolixus, andPanstrongylus megistus(Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), vectors of the parasite causing Chagas disease. As with other pathogen vectors, triatomines are well known to utilize micro-habitats and the associated shift in microclimate to enhance survival. Using a limited literature-collected dataset, our approach showed that temperature followed by exposure time were the strongest predictors of mortality; species played a minor role, and life stage was the least important. Further, we identified complex but biologically plausible nonlinear interactions between temperature and exposure time in shaping mortality, together setting the potential thermal limits of triatomines. The results from this data led to the design of new experiments with laboratory results that produced novel insights of the effects of temperature and exposure for the triatomines. These results, in turn, can be used to better model micro-climatic envelope for the species. Here we demonstrate the power of an active learning approach to explore experimental space to design laboratory studies testing species thermal limits. Our analytical pipeline can be easily adapted to other systems and we provide code to allow practitioners to perform similar analyses. Not only does our approach have the potential to save time and money: it can also increase our understanding of the links between species physiology and climate, a topic of increasing ecological importance.
Effects of patients’ hospital discharge preferences on uptake of clinical decision support
Authors: Cox James C. , Leeds Ira L. , Sadiraj Vjollca , Schnier Kurt E. , Sweeney John F.
Published: March 2021

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services identified unplanned hospital readmissions as a critical healthcare quality and cost problem. Improvements in hospital discharge decision-making and post-discharge care are needed to address the problem. Utilization of clinical decision support (CDS) can improve discharge decision-making but little is known about the empirical significance of two opposing problems that can occur: (1) negligible uptake of CDS by providers or (2) over-reliance on CDS and underuse of other information. This paper reports an experiment where, in addition to electronic medical records (EMR), clinical decision-makers are provided subjective reports by standardized patients, or CDS information, or both. Subjective information, reports of being eager or reluctant for discharge, was obtained during examinations of standardized patients, who are regularly employed in medical education, and in our experiment had been given scripts for the experimental treatments. The CDS tool presents discharge recommendations obtained from econometric analysis of data from de-identified EMR of hospital patients. 38 clinical decision-makers in the experiment, who were third and fourth year medical students, discharged eight simulated patient encounters with an average length of stay 8.1 in the CDS supported group and 8.8 days in the control group. When the recommendation was “Discharge,” CDS uptake of “Discharge” recommendation was 20% higher for eager than reluctant patients. Compared to discharge decisions in the absence of patient reports: (i) odds of discharging reluctant standardized patients were 67% lower in the CDS-assisted group and 40% lower in the control (no-CDS) group; whereas (ii) odds of discharging eager standardized patients were 75% higher in the control group and similar in CDS-assisted group. These findings indicate that participants were neither ignoring nor over-relying on CDS.
Kola nut from Cola nitida vent. Schott administered to pregnant rats induces histological alterations in pups’ cerebellum
Authors: Atiba Foluso A. , Fatokun Amos A. , Imosemi Innocent O. , Malomo Adefolarin O.
Published: March 2021

Kola nut (fromCola nitida) is popular in Nigeria and West Africa and is commonly consumed by pregnant women during the first trimester to alleviate morning sickness and dizziness. There is, however, a dearth of information on its effects on the developing brain. This study, therefore, investigated the potential effects of kola nut on the structure of the developing neonatal and juvenile cerebellum in the rat. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered water (as control) or crude (aqueous) kola nut extract at 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg body weight orally, from pregnancy to day 21 after birth. On postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, the pups were weighed, anaesthetised, sacrificed and perfused with neutral buffered formalin. Their brains were dissected out, weighed and the cerebellum preserved in 10% buffered formalin. Paraffin sections of the cerebellum were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for cerebellar cytoarchitecture, cresyl violet stain for Purkinje cell count, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry (IHC) for estimation of gliosis, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) IHC for apoptosis induction. The kola nut-treated rats exhibited initial reduction in body and brain weights, persistent external granular layer, increased molecular layer thickness, and loss of Bergmann glia. Their Purkinje cells showed reduction in density, loss of dendrites and multiple layering, and their white matter showed neurodegeneration (spongiosis) and GFAP and Bcl-2 over-expression, with evidence of reactive astrogliosis. This study, therefore, demonstrates that kola nut, administered repeatedly at certain doses to pregnant dams, could disrupt normal postnatal cerebellar development in their pups. The findings suggest potential deleterious effects of excessive kola nut consumption on human brain and thus warrant further studies to understand the wider implications for human brain development.
Gender differential in low psychological health and low subjective well-being among older adults in India: With special focus on childless older adults
Authors: Patel Ratna , Marbaniang Strong P. , Srivastava Shobhit , Kumar Pradeep , Chauhan Shekhar , Simon David J.
Published: March 2021

Background

Gender and health are two factors that shape the quality of life in old age. Previous available literature established an associaton between various demographic and socio-economic factors with the health and well-being of older adults in India; however, the influence of childless aged is neglected. Therefore, the study examined the gender differential in psychological health and subjective well-being among older adults, focusing on childless older adults.

Methodology

This study utilized data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI). Psychological health and subjective well-being were examined for 9541 older adults aged 60 years & above. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to find the preliminary results. Further, multivariate analysis has been done to fulfill the objective of the study.

Results

Around one-fifth (21.2%) of the men reported low psychological health, whereas around one-fourth (25.5%) of the women reported low psychological health. Further, around 24 per cent of men and 29 per cent of women reported low subjective well-being. Results found that low psychological well-being (OR = 1.87, C.I. = 1.16–3.01), as well as low subjective well-being (OR = 1.78, C.I. = 1.15–2.76), was higher in childless older women than in childless older men. Higher education, community involvement, good self-rated health, richest wealth quintile, and residing in urban areas significantly decrease the odds of low subjective well-being and low psychological well-being among older adults.

Conclusion

There is a need to improve older adults’ psychological health and subjective well-being through expanded welfare provisions, especially for childless older adults. Moreover, there is an immediate requirement to cater to the needs of poor and uneducated older adults.
Dietary diversity and its correlates among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana
Authors: Gyimah Linda Afriyie , Annan Reginald Adjetey , Apprey Charles , Edusei Anthony , Aduku Linda Nana Esi , Asamoah-Boakye Odeafo , Azanu Wisdom , Lutterodt Herman
Published: March 2021

Background

Dietary diversity, a qualitative measure of dietary intake, which reflects the variety of foods consumed has been recommended to assuage nutritional problems related to insufficient micronutrients, and food insecurity. To better understand the underlying factors for poor birth outcomes in Ghana, we assessed factors associated with dietary diversity among rural and urban pregnant adolescents in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

Methods

As part of a larger longitudinal cohort of 416 pregnant adolescents, the FAO minimum dietary diversity for women index was used to determine the dietary diversity score (DDS) of the participants from a previous days’ 24-hour dietary recall data. The household hunger scale (HHS) and lived poverty index (LPI) were used to determine hunger and socioeconomic status. Eating behavior and socio-demographic data were gathered using interviewer-administered questionnaires.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 17.5 (±1.4) years with an MDD-W of 4.4 and 56% recording inadequate MDD score. More rural (63.6%) than urban dwellers (50.6%) had inadequate DDS (p = 0.008). Among all the multiple variables tests of associations on dietary diversity, only hunger status (p = 0.028) and both food aversion and poverty status (p = 0.003) had a significant effect on the adolescents’ dietary diversity. Rural dwelling adolescents (AOR = 1.7, p = 0.035, 95% CI = 1.0–2.6) recorded higher odds for inadequate DD compared with the urban respondents. Pregnant adolescents with severe hunger had higher odds (Unadjusted OR = 1.9, p = 0.053, 95% CI 1.1–3.8) for inadequate dietary diversity compared with those with no hunger.

Conclusions

Inadequate DD is common among pregnant adolescents in this study and is associated with rural living, food insecurity, poverty, and food craving. Livelihood support for pregnant teenagers and nutrition education are recommended interventions to improve dietary quality and limit the consequences of poor dietary diversity.
(In)Visible illness: A photovoice study of the lived experience of self-managing rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Donnelly Susie , Wilson Anthony G. , Mannan Hasheem , Dix Claire , Whitehill Laura , Kroll Thilo
Published: March 2021

Background

Chronic illnesses, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), are a growing burden on health care systems worldwide. Self-management emphasises the patient’s central role in managing their illness. This is pertinent given the majority of care is provided by the individual themselves; yet how individuals make sense of self-management in everyday life is largely unseen.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to capture the strengths and concerns of individuals with RA in self-managing their illness, raise awareness of their lived experience and spark a dialogue among stakeholders.

Methods

A community-based participatory approach, Photovoice, was adopted. A purposive sample of participants were tasked with taking photographs to represent the challenges and solutions to living with RA. Group workshops and semi-structured interviews were conducted to facilitate reflection, dialogue and analysis. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Public exhibitions were held throughout the Autumn of 2019.

Results

Eight women and three men (n = 11) across suburban and urban regions of Ireland were recruited (mean age 57 years, disease duration 4–21 years). Participants identified four main themes which reflected the lived experience of self-managing RA: (i) I’m Here but I’m Not, (ii) Visible Illness, (iii) Medicine in All its Forms, (iv) Mind Yourself. These themes captured the challenge of reduced agency, limited contribution and participation, and a complex relationship between visible and invisible illness. Solutions focused on improving psychological and emotional resilience, particularly through personal reflection and increased agency.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that RA is experienced as a fluid relationship between states of masking and surfacing of illness shaped by contextual and situational factors. Photovoice was a highly effective tool to capture and communicate this complexity. Supporting increased agency among individuals with RA to control the (in)visibility of illness and disability can inform the development of future self-management support.
The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene allele rs9939609 and glucose tolerance, hepatic and total insulin sensitivity, in adults with obesity
Authors: de Soysa Ann Kristin Hjelle , Langaas Mette , Jakic Anida , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Umpleby A. Margot , Grill Valdemar , Mostad Ingrid Løvold
Published: March 2021

The objective of the study was to assess associations of the rs9939609 FTO allele to glucose tolerance, hepatic and total insulin sensitivity (IS) in individuals with obesity. From a low-dose hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with glucose-tracer, hepatic IS was assessed by rates of basal and suppressed glucose appearance (Ra), a measure of endogenous glucose production (EGP), and the hepatic insulin resistance index (HIR). Total IS was assessed by rates of glucose infusion (GIR), disappearance (Rd), and metabolic clearance (MCR). From a meal test we assessed IS by the Matsuda index and glucose tolerance by glucose and insulin measurements in the fasted state and postprandially for 2.5 h. The meal test was performed in 97 healthy individuals with BMI ≥35 in similar-sized risk-allele groups (n = 32 T/T, 31 A/T, and 34 A/A), and 79 of them performed the clamp. We analyzed outcomes separately for males and females, and adjusted glucose Ra, Rd, MCR, GIR, and HIR for fat mass. We did not find genotype effects on EGP. Among males, genotype A/A was associated with a significantly lower glucose Rd, MCR, and Matsuda index score relative to genotype T/T. Glucose tolerance was significantly lower in males with genotype A/T vs. T/T and A/A. For females, there were no genotype effects on hepatic or total IS, or on glucose tolerance. Independently of genotypes, females displayed a significantly better hepatic and total IS, and better glucose tolerance than males. We conclude that in subjects with similar obesity we did not register any FTO risk-allele effect on hepatic IS. A FTO risk-allele effect on total IS was registered in males only, findings which need to be reproduced in further studies. Results confirm marked differences in IS between the biological sexes and extend present knowledge by demonstrating a lower endogenous glucose production in females vs. males in uniformly obese individuals.
SNPs in genes encoding for IL-10, TNF-α, and NFκB p105/p50 are associated with clinical prognostic factors for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Gaiolla Rafael Dezen , Moraes Marcelo Padovani de Toledo , de Oliveira Deilson Elgui
Published: March 2021

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell-derived malignant neoplasia that has a unique histological distribution, in which the scarce malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells are surrounded by nonmalignant inflammatory cells. The interactions between the malignant and inflammatory cells are mediated by aberrantly produced cytokines, which play an important role in tumor immunopathogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding cytokines and their regulatory proteins may influence the peripheral levels of these molecules and affect disease’s pathobiology. In this study, we evaluate SNPs in the promoter regions of the genes encoding for two key cytokines in Hodgkin lymphoma: IL-10 (SNP/pIL10–592, rs1800872; and SNP/pIL10–1082, rs1800896) and TNF-α (SNP/pTNF -238, rs361525; and SNP/pTNF -862, rs1800630), as well as an SNP in the intronic region of the NFκB1 gene (SNP/iNFKB1, rs1585215), an important regulator of cytokine gene expression. We then look to their possible association with clinical and laboratory features in cHL patients. Seventy-three patients with cHL are genotyped by qPCR-high resolution melting. The SNPs’ genotypes are analyzed individually for each SNP, and when more than two allelic combinations are identified, the genotypes are also divided into two groups according to proposed biological relevance. By univariate analysis, patients harboring SNP/pTNF -238 AG genotype more frequently have EBV-associated cHL compared to homozygous GG, whereas the presence of mediastinal disease (bulky and nonbulky) is more common in the pIL10–592 AC/CC group compared to the AA homozygous group. Patients with SNP/iNFKB1 AA genotype more frequently have stage IV and extranodal disease at diagnosis. These results indicate that some SNPs’ genotypes for IL-10 and TNF-α genes are associated with prognostic parameters in cHL. For the first time, the SNP/iNFKB1 is described in association with clinical features of the disease.
Association between the type of provider and Cesarean section delivery in India: A socioeconomic analysis of the National Family Health Surveys 1999, 2006, 2016
Authors: Lee Hwa-Young , Kim Rockli , Oh Juhwan , Subramanian S. V.
Published: March 2021

Background

Prevalence of Cesarean section (C-section) is unequally distributed. Since both extremely low and high levels of C-section can not only cause adverse birth outcomes but also impose a double burden of inefficiency within maternal health care, it is important to monitor the dynamics of key factors associated with the use of C-section.

Objectives

To examine the association between type of provider and C-section in India in three-time points: 1999, 2006, and 2016, and also to assess whether this association differed across maternal education and wealth level.

Methods

Data were from three waves of cross-sectional and nationally representative Indian National Health Family Survey: Wave II (1999), III (2006), and IV (2016). Target population is women aged 15 and 49 who had an institutional delivery for the most recent live birth during the three or five years preceding the survey (depending on the survey round). Multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for state cluster effect were performed to determine the association between the type of providers and C-section. Differential association between the type of providers and C-section by maternal education and wealth level was examined by stratified analyses.

Results

The prevalence of C-section among institutional delivery increased from 20.5% in 1999 to 24.8% in 2006 while it declined to 19.4% in 2016. The positive association between private providers and C-section became stronger over the study period (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.39, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.18–1.64 in 1999, OR = 3.71 95% CI 2.93–4.70 in 2016). The association was consistently significant across all states in 2016. The gap in C-section between public and private providers was greater among less-educated and poorer women. The ORs gradually increased from the poorest to the richest quintiles, and also from the least educated group (no formal education) to the most educated group (college graduate or above)

Conclusions

Our results suggest that disparity in C-section between private and public providers has increased over the last 15 years and was higher in lower SES women. The behavior of providers needs to be closely monitored to ensure that C-section is performed only when medically justified.
Irigység a munkahelyen
Authors: Tóth László
Published: March 2021

Az irigység megjelenésének lehetősége a személyes és a szakmai életünkben is fokozott mértékben fennáll. Azok a viselkedésformák, amelyek az irigységből adódnak, közvetlen és közvetett költségekkel járhatnak a vállalati kontextusban. Az irigység vállalati kontextusban kifejtett hatásainak vizsgálatát egy tematikus interjúkon alapuló magyar vállalati felmérés eredményeinek elemzése egészíti ki. Az empirikus eredmények szerint az irigység legfőbb manifesztációi közé tartoznak: a másik elhiteltelenítése, leszólása, elszigetelése, illetve a mások munkájának hátráltatása. Az interjúalanyok többsége védtelennek tartja magát e cselekvési tendenciákkal szemben. Ezért hangsúlyozottan fontosak a vállalaton belüli intézményi korlátok és normák hatékony alkalmazásai az olyan destruktív jelenség, mint az irigység visszaszorítására vagy legalább elfogadható szinten tartására.
A testetlen eszközök jelentősége a vállalat működésében, pénzügyi teljesítményében és piaci értékelésében
Authors: Kovács Kármen
Published: March 2021

Az elmúlt két évtizedben jelentősen növekedett a testetlen eszközök (intangible assets) szerepe a vállalatok működésében, pénzügyi teljesítményében és versenyképességében. A vállalatok mind nagyobb mértékben alapozzák tevékenységüket a testetlen vagyon elemeire, miközben a dologi eszközök jelentősége mérséklődik. A vállalatspecifikus testetlen eszközök a tudás és az információ köré összpontosulnak, spill-over hatással rendelkeznek, és felhalmozódásuk sajátos. A testetlen eszközök egyediségének és az általuk várhatóan generált jövőbeni pénzáramsor nehéz előrejelezhetőségének következtében értékelésük számottevő bizonytalanságot és szubjektivitást rejt magában; a befektetők azonban rendszerint magas piaci értéket társítanak hozzájuk, minthogy a piaci siker meghatározóinak tekintik őket. A vállalatok benső és piaci értékének eltérését elemző elméletek egy csoportja szerint pedig a testetlen eszközöknek szignifikáns hatása van a két érték különbségére. A szerző tanulmányában rámutat a testetlen eszközök vállalati működésben és versenyképességben betöltött szerepére, a dologi vagyon elemeitől eltérő tulajdonságaira, értékelésére és a vállalatok piaci értékére gyakorolt hatására.
Pengembangan Desain Instruksional Model Inquiry Learning Terintegrasi TPACK untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah
Authors: Waluyo Edy , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: March 2021

Menghadapi perkembangan teknologi pada pembelajaran abad 21 saat ini, guru dituntut untuk memiliki pengetahuan yang mampu mengintegrasikan teknologi, pengetahuan pedagogi dan konten dalam pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Melalui pemecahan masalah siswa dituntut berpikir secara sistematis, kritis, logis, serta memiliki sikap pantang menyerah untuk menemukan solusi dari masalah yang dihadapi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan desain pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model inquiry learning terintegrasi TPACK untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan model Borg & Gall yakni suatu proses sistematis yang dilakukan dalam mengembangkan suatu produk pendidikan dan mengacu pada pengembangan desain pembelajaran meliputi analisis kebutuhan, desain produk, pengembangan produk, implementasi dan evaluasi produk. Penelitian dikenakan pada 60 siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muallimat NW Pancor kelas VII A dan VII D. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen pedoman atau lembar validasi produk, angket kepraktisan produk dan tes hasil belajar untuk mengukur kepraktisan dan efek potensial produk yang dikembangkan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif. Dari hasil analisis data, desain instruksional yang dikembangkan tergolong produk yang valid dengan rata rata 152,67, praktis dengan rata rata skor kepraktisan 83, efektif dengan prosentase kepraktisan 91,67% sehingga layak untuk diimplementasikan. Produk yang dikembangkan juga potensial dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,75.Kata Kunci: Desain Instruksional, Inquiry, TPACK, Pemecahan Masalah
Bahan Ajar Matakuliah Pemodelan Matematika untuk Memfasilitasi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun , Nurnugroho Burhanudin Arif
Published: March 2021

Kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa perlu diajarkan sebagai bekal dalam menghadapi tantangan dunia kerja. Kemampuan ini perlu dilatihkan melalui kegiatan perkuliahan di perguruan tinggi. Matakuliah Pemodelan Matematika merupakan salah satu matakuliah pada program studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Ahmad Dahlan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Karakteristik dari matakuliah pemodelan matematika yang memerlukan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi menjadi salah satu alasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar matakuliah pemodelan matematika yang dapat meningkatkan k emampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Dalam menggembangkan bahan ajar matakuliah pemodelan matematika, prosedur penelitian yang digunakan adalah 4-D model. Model pengembangan 4-D meliputi empat tahap yaitu, define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa lembar penilaian bahan ajar oleh ahli dan juga soal tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar matakuliah pemodelan matematika dikatakan dapat memfasilitasi  peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Berdasarkan penilaian ahli terhadap bahan ajar matakuliah pemodelan matematika diperoleh skor rata-rata 80,02 (kategori sangat baik). Selain itu hasil tes kemampuan berpikit kritis mahasiswa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa secara kualitatif. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar, pemodelan matematika, kemampuan berpikir kritis
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep Siswa pada Topik Persamaan Linier
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep matematika siswa kelas X pada materi Persamaan Linier tahun pelajaran 2018/2019, melalui penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA2 SMAN 1 Cikijing Kabupaten Majalengka yang berjumlah 31 orang siswa dengan 15 siswa laki-laki dan 16 siswa perempuan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah lembar observasi siswa dan guru serta naskah soal tes penguasaan konsep, dokumentasi data yang diperoleh berupa nilai siswa sebagai data primer dan hasil observasi serta dokumentasi sebagai data pendukung. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Terdapat peningkatan penguasaan konsep ditunjukan dengan nilai yang diperoleh pada setiap siklusnya. Pada pratindakan nilai rata-rata penguasaaan konsep siswa 52,5. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata penguasaaan konsep siswa 66,5,  dan siklus II nilai rata-rata penguasaaan konsep siswa meningkat menjadi 76. Tingkat ketuntasan belajar siswa pada kondisi awal atau pratindakan sebanyak  9 orang atau 29%, pada siklus I ketuntasan belajar siswa yaitu 20 orang atau 65%, dan pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar sebanyak  25 orang atau 81 %. Simpulan, penerapan model Pembelajaran PBL dapat meningkatkan penguasaaan konsep siswa pada pelajaran matematika topik sistem persamaan linier. Disarankan kepada guru matematika dan mapel lainnya untuk mencoba menerpakan PBL dalam pembelajaran.Kata Kunci: Problem Based Learning, Penguasaan Konsep, Sistem Persamaan Linier
Entrevista semiestructurada para la exploración de la violencia sexual sobre las mujeres en la relación de la pareja (EVS)
Authors: Martínez Sanz Alicia , Mañas Viejo Carmen , Pons Salvador Gemma
Published: March 2021

La violencia sexual en el ámbito de la relación de pareja es un problema grave experimentado por un alto número de mujeres. Sin embargo, es difícil su deteción por la ausencia de reconocimiento social. Este tipo de violencia con frecuencia se da ligado a otras formas de maltrato, no obstante observamos que diferentes protocolos de entrevista publicados para explorarla, no la evalúan o lo hacen de forma superficial. Esto se suma al hecho de que algunas de las mujeres que lo sufren no son conscientes del maltrato, ni de la gravedad e impacto real que tiene sobre ellas. Por todo ello, nuestro objetivo es proponer una herramienta de recogida de información sobre la violencia sexual en la pareja, que facilite a las y los profesionales la detección de esta forma de violencia. Para ello, nos hemos basado en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica y profesional y en nuestra propia experiencia. Como resultado presentamos la Entrevista Semiestructurada para la Exploración de la Violencia Sexual sobre las Mujeres en la Relación de Pareja (EVS), esperando que sea de utilidad a las y los profesionales que intervienen con mujeres que son víctimas de malos tratos.
Evaluaciones Psicológico-Forenses en asuntos de Violencia de Género. Errores habituales y propuestas de mejora
Authors: Asensi Pérez Laura Fátima , Díez Jorro Miguel
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo consiste en una “revisión de campo” y una recopilación de errores habituales detectados en evaluaciones psicológico-forenses en casos de violencia de género. A lo largo de nuestra experiencia profesional como psicólogos forenses y en nuestra práctica habitual encontramos dictámenes e informes en este ámbito que adolecen, en muchos casos, de rigor metodológico, dejando patente escaso conocimiento sobre la violencia de género, manifestaciones, evolución, victimización y consecuencias, llegando a interpretaciones y conclusiones periciales, cuanto menos, inexactas. Todo ello pudiera provocar no solo efectos de victimización secundaria sino que, además, los informes periciales no cumplirían realmente con su función de auxilio judicial. La propia exposición de errores evaluativos y de interpretación conlleva inherentemente diferentes propuestas de mejora
Intervención psicológica en natación adaptada desde la perspectiva del coaching motivacional
Authors: Peris Delcampo David , Expósito Boix Violeta , Cantón Chirivella Enrique
Published: March 2021

Este artículo presenta la intervención psicológica realizada con una mujer deportista de 19 años que presenta una discapacidad física y cuyo objetivo principal es el de acabar una travesía a nado en mar abierto. Para ayudarla en el logro de su meta, se realizan siete sesiones con una frecuencia de una vez a la semana tomando como punto de partida el modelo de coaching motivacional “La Jirafa de Cantón”, donde el psicólogo genera un entorno facilitador para que el cliente descubra y encuentre sus propias soluciones. En cuanto a la evaluación de su eficacia, se utiliza un diseño test-retest con los siguientes instrumentos: “Escala de Autoestima” de Rosenberg (1965), “Escala de Bienestar Psicológico” de Riff (en la adaptación española de Díaz et. al 2006) y “Escala de Autoeficacia General” de Bassler y Schwarzer (1996). En líneas generales, los resultados muestran una mejora en las variables psicológicas de autoestima general, autoeficacia, percepción de control y motivación intrínseca.
Education as a Strategy for Active Aging Learning Center in Taiwan
Authors: LIN ANTI , Wei Hui-Chuan
Published: March 2021

The population of individuals who are over 65 years-old in Taiwan has grown from less than 10% in 2008 to 14% in 2018. Since 2008, Taiwan has officially been an aging nation as defined by the World Health Organization. With the current rate of growth, we expect the country to become a super-aged society with 20% of the population being older than 65 years of age in 2025. The challenge Taiwan currently faces in bracing for a rapidly aging society is more difficult than ever. In response to a rapidly aging population, universities have been cooperating with the government since 2008 in promoting a community-based lifelong learning-oriented "active aging" education policy, of which we collectively call "Senior Learning" (“Le-Ling Learning” in Mandarin, meaning “Active Aging Learning”). 12 years into implementing the program, 369 senior learning centers have been established in Taiwan by 2020. These established centers with their extensions can be found throughout Taiwan, including 360 towns and cities as well as 3,175 villages. These centers, supported by local resources (e.g. schools, and non-governmental organizations), provide senior learning courses and activities. There are thousands of community volunteers participating every year, as well as over 200,000 hours of Active Aging Learning course duration prepared by the government; moreover, there are currently 200 instructors trained for teaching these programs. Active Aging Learning program has truly become a “zeitgeist” in Taiwan in response to the elderly society. In caring for the elderly, meaningful educational learning has become the best strategy as reflected by the public.

The purpose of this article is to report on the developmental background, promotion model, effectiveness of, and the prospects of Active Aging Learning in Taiwan. The contents of this article include: (1) the conceptual basis of Active Aging Learning, (2) the practice mode and strategy of Active Aging Learning, (3) the implementation effect of Active Aging Learning, and (4) the future progress of Active Aging Learning. The research data in this article originate from policy documents, both qualitative and quantitative data for the implementation of the Active Aging Learning program, as well as my 12 years of practical observations and experience as the overall project principal investigator. Through reading this article, the readers can quickly understand the implementation process, effectiveness, and problems of senior learning in Taiwan, as well as the key findings of our 12 years of experience. We found that the best strategy for an aging society is not to emphasize "care" in the context of traditional pathology, but to learn in order to "prevent". Educational strategies and talent cultivation are the broad directions of our active efforts.
When we look at the supervisor image in the mirror, what do we see? The supervisors' mirror image regarding doctoral supervision
Authors: Coutinho Isabel Ribau
Published: March 2021

Studies regarding doctoral education can focus the PhD student, the supervisor, higher education institution (policy, curriculum, professional career support, culture, among others). PhD students, supervisors and higher education institution, constitute three keys for the same door (doctoral education), and without one of them, the door can´t be well open. Choose which of them should be analyzed is the researcher responsibility, as present data and look carefully to it. During the last years' doctoral education and the doctoral supervision process at UNL as been studied, looking to PhD students, supervisors and institution [1-5].

In the present research, the focus is on supervisor perception. It is important to know supervisor opinion, to attempt and captures their perceptions regarding the doctoral supervision process. When the supervisor thinks and responds to surveys regarding supervision, he/she is presenting an image of himself/herself.

This study occurred among the PhD supervisor population at a Science engineering school (Faculdade de Ciências Tecnologia) at Universidade Nova de Lisboa, a Portuguese Higher education institution, with a footprint in the research area. It was possible to capture the image that reflected in the mirror when the supervisor looked. The unexpected image reflected is of a researcher and not a supervisor. When they look to their doctorates, they generally see future technicians/ qualified workers and not a future researcher. Nonetheless, they consider that to finish the PhD, doctorates have to acquire the research profile. This mismatch is consistent with the reality, where attrition exists and many students think to live the academy after the enrollment in the PhD.
Violence, bullying and academic performance in higher education students
Authors: Ramos rodríguez Irma
Published: March 2021

Violence and bullying affect the physical, mental, social and academic well-being of students. The objective of this work was to analyze the association between violence and bullying, with academic performance in higher education students, a descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out in first semester students of different higher level careers, the information was obtained with the application of two questionnaires, the first about Socio-demographic Data and the second one was the questionnaire of School Violence from the Ombudsman (2000). In the results, it was found that 37.4% of the participants showed a grade point average ≥90 points, 47% between 75 to 89 points and 15.6% an average <75 points. Poor academic performance was significantly associated with the type of career, with being ignored, being threatened to scare him, with suffering violence due to social exclusion, harassment in general, harassment due to social, physical and sexual exclusion. In conclusion, violence and bullying are two serious problems that university students frequently face, the effects produced by them affect the physical and mental health of the victims and can affect their academic performance.
Extracting Features of Solving Behavior in Handwriting on Tablets
Authors: Goshima Ryosuke
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a method to estimate the learner's solving behavior during the exercises from the handwriting situation on the tablet. The proposed method extracts the handwriting characteristics in the solving behavior of each learner. It is important to give appropriate guidance according to the understanding of the learner. It is difficult to grasp the understanding status of learners in cases where teachers cannot observe learners directly as in distance learning. Teachers need an online system that estimates the solving behavior of individual learners to notify it of them. In the proposed method, the solving behavior is estimated from logs of both the handwriting and actions seeking supports using the moving window for 30 seconds. The method constructs a random forest model to estimate the solving behavior. Writing characteristics in each solving state are extracted to examine the values of the important variables in a random forest model. Handwriting data were collected from learners in an experiment. The learner's solving behavior was estimated with high accuracy. The constructed model precisely classifies not only states in which the hands stay still from ones in which the hands are moving smoothly but also states of answering correctly from ones of answering incorrectly. Since learners repeating to answer incorrectly are detected on the fly, teachers can take immediate measures for learners who need assistance during exercises.
The problem of communication in education
Authors: Mihaleva Nikoleta
Published: March 2021

The article considers the connection of education with teaching as a mean for its realization and the new type of socio-historical inheritance at the end of the XX century. This is related to the changes in the nature of scientific knowledge itself, with the understanding that education is a complicated complex in which, along with teaching, education is present as a process of cooperation and co-creation between teachers and students. And this, in turn, raises the question of changes in value attitudes ​​and new cultural realities in the process of communication / so far understood narrow-mindedly as a converse /, which builds a new type of holistic personalities, whose mentality unites culture and education.
Effectiveness of Transactional Communication in the Implementation of Collegiate Curriculum
Authors: Sihotang Hotmaulina , Siahaan Chontina
Published: March 2021

The interaction between lecturers and students will be effective if delivered through transactional communication so that they can mutually encode and decode what is communicated about learning. In today’s development of the era of digital communication technology, students tend to get instant learning resources by using their gadgets instead of communicating with their lecturers. The implementation of collegiate curriculum refers to the Indonesian national qualification framework (KKNI) which will be effective with the student centered learning (SCL) approach. Lecturers act as active facilitators and students are active, mutually meaningful communication occurs so that the application of collegiate curriculum can be effectively achieved. The purpose of this study is to have description about how transactional communication is implemented in achieving learning effectiveness. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study research approach. The research paradigm is constructivism. The theories used are cognitive theory and behavioral theory. The results of the research show that the implementation of the Collegiate Curriculum, namely planning, implementation, learning and learning outcomes are effective by using transactional communication