bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting U.S. Aggregate Stock Market Excess Return: Do Functional Data Analysis Add Economic Value?
Authors: Caldeira João F. , Gupta Rangan , Torrent Hudson S.
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes the forecast performance of historical S&P500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) excess returns while using nonparametric functional data analysis (NP-FDA). The empirical results show that the NP-FDA forecasting strategy outperforms not only the the prevailing-mean model, but also the traditional univariate predictive regressions with standard predictors used in the literature and, most cases, also combination approaches that use all predictors jointly. In addition, our results clearly have important implications for investors, from an asset allocation perspective, a mean-variance investor realizes substantial economic gains. Indeed, our results show that NP-FDA is the only one individual model that can overcome the historical average forecasts for excess returns in statistically and economically significant manners for both S&P500 and DJIA during the entire period, NBER recession, and expansions periods.
Comparative Analysis of Root Canal Filling Debris and Smear Layer Removal Efficacy Using Various Root Canal Activation Systems during Endodontic Retreatment
Authors: Park Seong Yeon , Kang Mo Kwan , Choi Hae Won , Shon Won-Jun
Published: November 2020

Background and objectives: The complete removal of obturation material can be a challenge in nonsurgical root canal retreatment. The insufficient removal of obturation material is a reason for root canal retreatment failure. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of different final root canal irrigation activation methods in removing debris and smear layers in the apical and middle portions of root canals during retreatment. Sixty-six distal roots of freshly extracted molars were randomly divided into six groups: (1) primary root canal treatment with no obturation (negative control); (2) retreatment with only conventional instrumentation and irrigation (positive control); (3) retreatment with additional ultrasonic irrigation using the Piezon Master 700; (4) ultrasonic irrigation with the ENDOSONIC Blue; (5) sonic irrigation with the EDDY; and (6) multisonic irrigation with the GentleWave system. Roots were split and prepared for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluation. Acquired images were assessed to quantify the amount of debris and smear remaining. Results: Among the treatment groups, Group 6 had a significantly lower debris score than Group 2 (positive control) in both the middle and apical regions (p = 0.004, p = 0.012). All treatment groups showed significantly lower smear scores than Group 2 in the middle and apical regions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The GentleWave multisonic System showed a more optimal cleaning efficacy of the root canal debris but did not differ significantly with the tested passive ultrasonic or sonic irrigation method.
Separation of Alcohol-Water Mixtures by a Combination of Distillation, Hydrophilic and Organophilic Pervaporation Processes
Authors: Do Thi Huyen Trang , Mizsey Peter , Toth Andras Jozsef
Published: November 2020

It can be stated that in the fine chemical industries, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, large amounts of liquid waste and industrial waste solvents are generated during the production technology. Addressing these is a key issue because their disposal often accounts for the largest proportion of the cost of the entire technology. There is need to develop regeneration processes that are financially beneficial to the plant and, if possible, reuse the liquid waste in the spirit of a circular economy, in a particular technology, or possibly elsewhere. The distillation technique proves to be a good solution in many cases, but in the case of mixtures with high water content and few volatile components, this process is often not cost-effective due to its high steam consumption, and in the case of azeotropic mixtures there are separation constraints. In the present work, the membrane process considered as an alternative; pervaporation is demonstrated through the treatment of low alcohol (methanol and ethanol) aqueous mixtures. Alcohol-containing process wastewaters were investigated in professional process simulator environment with user-added pervaporation modules. Eight different methods were built up in ChemCAD flowsheet simulator: organophilic pervaporation (OPV), hydrophilic pervaporation (HPV), hydrophilic pervaporation with recirculation (R-HPV), dynamic organophilic pervaporation (Dyn-OPV), dynamic hydronophilic pervaporation (Dyn-HPV), hybrid distillation-organophilic pervaporation (D + OPV), hybrid distillation-hydrophilic pervaporation (D + HPV), and finally hybrid distillation-hydrophilic pervaporation with recirculation (R-D + HPV). It can be stated the last solution in line was the most suitable in the terms of composition, however distillation of mixture with high water content has significant heat consumption. Furthermore, the pervaporation supplemented with dynamic tanks is not favourable due to the high recirculation rate in the case of tested mixtures and compositions.
Water Splitting and Transport of Ions in Electromembrane System with Bilayer Ion-Exchange Membrane
Authors: Melnikov Stanislav , Bondarev Denis , Nosova Elena , Melnikova Ekaterina , Zabolotskiy Victor
Published: November 2020

Bilayer ion-exchange membranes are mainly used for separating single and multiply charged ions. It is well known that in membranes in which the layers have different charges of the ionogenic groups of the matrix, the limiting current decreases, and the water splitting reaction accelerates in comparison with monolayer (isotropic) ion-exchange membranes. We study samples of bilayer ion-exchange membranes with very thin cation-exchange layers deposited on an anion-exchange membrane-substrate in this work. It was revealed that in bilayer membranes, the limiting current’s value is determined by the properties of a thin surface film (modifying layer). A linear regularity of the dependence of the non-equilibrium effective rate constant of the water-splitting reaction on the resistance of the bipolar region, which is valid for both bilayer and bipolar membranes, has been revealed. It is shown that the introduction of the catalyst significantly reduces the water-splitting voltage, but reduces the selectivity of the membrane. It is possible to regulate the fluxes of salt ions and water splitting products (hydrogen and hydroxyl ions) by changing the current density. Such an ability makes it possible to conduct a controlled process of desalting electrolytes with simultaneous pH adjustment.
A Review of Microstructural Evolution and Modelling of Aluminium Alloys under Hot Forming Conditions
Authors: Lv Jiaxin , Zheng Jing-Hua , Yardley Victoria A. , Shi Zhusheng , Lin Jianguo
Published: November 2020

Microstructural evolution during hot forming of aluminium alloys plays a critical role in both the material flow behaviour during the deformation and the post-form mechanical properties in service. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the recrystallisation mechanisms, the interrelations between microstructures and macroscopic responses, and the associated modelling methods for aluminium alloys under hot forming conditions. Particular attention is focused on dynamic recrystallisation (DRX), which occurs during hot forming. The mechanisms, key features, and conditions of occurrence (forming temperature, strain rates, etc.) during hot forming for each type of DRX type are classified. The relationships between microstructures and macroscopic responses, including the flow behaviour, the post-form strength and ductility, are summarised based on existing experimental results. Most importantly, the associated modelling work, describing the recrystallisation and the viscoplastic behaviour under hot forming conditions, is grouped into four types, to enable a clear and concise understanding of the existing quantitative micro–macro interactions, which are particularly valuable for the future development of advanced physically based multi-scale modelling work for hot-forming processes in aluminium alloys.
Micro Elastofluidics: Elasticity and Flexibility for Efficient Microscale Liquid Handling
Authors: Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: November 2020

Microfluidics is the science and technology around the behaviour of fluid and fluid flow at the microscale [...]
Modification of Higher Alkanes by Nanoparticles to Control Light Propagation in Tapered Fibers
Authors: Stasiewicz Karol A. , Jakubowska Iwona , Korec Joanna , Matras-Postołek Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

This study presents the doping of higher alkanes, namely, pentadecane (C15) and hexadecane (C16), with ZnS:Mn nanoparticles to create new types of in-line optical fiber sensors with unique optical properties. In this research, the phenomenon of light beam leakage out of the taper and its interaction with the surrounding materials is described. The fabricated new materials are used as cladding in a tapered optical fiber to make it possible to control the optical light beam. The manufactured sensor shows high sensitivity and fast response to the change in the applied materials. Results are presented for a wide optical range of 1200–1700 nm with the use of a supercontinuum source and an optical spectrum analyzer, as well as for a single wavelength of 800 nm, corresponding to the highest transmitted power. The results present a change in the optical property dependence on the temperature in the cooling and heating process. For all materials, the measurements in a climatic chamber are provided between 0 and 40 °C, corresponding to the phase change of the alkanes from solid to liquid. The addition of nanoparticles to the volume of alkanes is equal to 1 wt%. To avoid a conglomeration of nanoparticles, the anti-agglomeration material, Brij 78 P, is used.
A Reporter System for Fast Quantitative Monitoring of Type 3 Protein Secretion in Enteropathogenic E. coli
Authors: Barkalita Luit , Portaliou Athina G. , Loos Maria S. , Yuan Biao , Karamanou Spyridoula , Economou Anastassios
Published: November 2020

The type 3 secretion system is essential for pathogenesis of several human and animal Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The T3SS comprises a transmembrane injectisome, providing a conduit from the bacterial cytoplasm to the host cell cytoplasm for the direct delivery of effectors (including toxins). Functional studies of T3SS commonly monitor the extracellular secretion of proteins by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis, which are slow and semi-quantitative in nature. Here, we describe an enzymatic reporter-based quantitative and rapid in vivo assay for T3SS secretion studies in enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The assay monitors the secretion of the fusion protein SctA-PhoA through the injectisome based on a colorimetric assay that quantifies the activity of alkaline phosphatase. We validated the usage of this reporter system by following the secretion in the absence of various injectisome components, including domains of the gatekeeper essential for T3SS function. This platform can now be used for the isolation of mutations, functional analysis and anti-virulence compound screening.
Editorial for Special Issue “Sustainable Use of Abandoned Mines”
Authors: Gutierrez Melida
Published: November 2020

Abandoned mines are an abundant and widespread feature [...]
Nanomaterials for Treating Bacterial Biofilms on Implantable Medical Devices
Authors: Tran Hoai My , Tran Hien , Booth Marsilea A. , Fox Kate E. , Nguyen Thi Hiep , Tran Nhiem , Tran Phong A.
Published: November 2020

Bacterial biofilms are involved in most device-associated infections and remain a challenge for modern medicine. One major approach to addressing this problem is to prevent the formation of biofilms using novel antimicrobial materials, device surface modification or local drug delivery; however, successful preventive measures are still extremely limited. The other approach is concerned with treating biofilms that have already formed on the devices; this approach is the focus of our manuscript. Treating biofilms associated with medical devices has unique challenges due to the biofilm’s extracellular polymer substance (EPS) and the biofilm bacteria’s resistance to most conventional antimicrobial agents. The treatment is further complicated by the fact that the treatment must be suitable for applying on devices surrounded by host tissue in many cases. Nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for preventing biofilm formation on medical devices, yet their applications in treating bacterial biofilm remains to be further investigated due to the fact that treating the biofilm bacteria and destroying the EPS are much more challenging than preventing adhesion of planktonic bacteria or inhibiting their surface colonization. In this highly focused review, we examined only studies that demonstrated successful EPS destruction and biofilm bacteria killing and provided in-depth description of the nanomaterials and the biofilm eradication efficacy, followed by discussion of key issues in this topic and suggestion for future development.
Facile Preparation of Wormlike Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Degradation of Ustiloxin A
Authors: Wu Yanfei , Mao Jin , Ao Chuanwei , Sun Di , Wang Xiaorui , Hu Qin , Du Xuezhu , Sheng Feng
Published: November 2020

Natural toxic contaminants have been recognized as threats to human health. Ustiloxins are the toxic secondary metabolites of fungus generated from rice false smut disease, which are harmful to animal/human reproduction and growth. However, there are rare researches on the control and reduction of ustiloxins through physical, chemical and biological ways. Herein, we demonstrated that photocatalysis of semiconductor nanomaterials could be as a potential way to degrade or mitigate the contamination of ustiloxin A. A kind of wormlike graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was facilely prepared from modified dicyandiamide precursor via pyrolysis method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy etc. It was found that g-C3N4 from modified dicyandiamide precursor showed better activity for ustiloxin A degradation under visible light irradiation than that of pristine g-C3N4. This was ascribed to the lager specific surface area, more uniform microstructure, better photogenerated charges separation and transformation of wormlike g-C3N4 compared with pristine g-C3N4. Most important, the structure of degradation intermediates and the possible pathway were proposed based on the results of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after 80 min photoreaction treatment. Our findings may provide a green, efficient way for ustiloxins mitigation and useful information for future study.
In Vitro Destruction of Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms by Bactericidal Metallic Nanoparticles via Laser-Induced Forward Transfer
Authors: Nastulyavichus Alena , Tolordava Eteri , Rudenko Andrey , Zazymkina Darya , Shakhov Pavel , Busleev Nikolay , Romanova Yulia , Ionin Andrey , Kudryashov Sergey
Published: November 2020

A novel, successful method of bactericidal treatment of pathogenic bacterial biofilms in vitro by laser-induced forward transfer of metallic nanoparticles from a polyethylene terephthalate polymeric substrate was suggested. Transferred nanoparticles were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray and Raman spectroscopy. The antibacterial modality of the method was tested on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas Aeruginosa) bacterial biofilms in vitro, revealing their complete destruction. The proposed simple, cost-effective and potentially mobile biofilm treatment method demonstrated its high and broad bactericidal efficiency.
Effects of Mg and Sb Substitution on the Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Field Annealed MnBi Alloys
Authors: Qian Hui-Dong , Yang Yang , Lim Jung Tae , Kim Jong-Woo , Choi Chul-Jin , Park Jihoon
Published: November 2020

Rare-earth-free permanent magnets have attracted considerable attention due to their favorable properties and applicability for cost-effective, high-efficiency, and sustainable energy devices. However, the magnetic field annealing process, which enhances the performance of permanent magnets, needs to be optimized for different magnetic fields and phases. Therefore, we investigated the effect of composition on the crystallization of amorphous MnBi to the ferromagnetic low-temperature phase (LTP). The optimal compositions and conditions were applied to magnetic field annealing under 2.5 T for elemental Mg- and Sb/Mg pair-substituted MnBi. The optimum MnBi composition for the highest purity LTP was determined to be Mn56Bi44, and its maximum energy product, (BH)max, was 5.62 MGOe. The Mg-substituted MnBi exhibited enhanced squareness (Mr/Ms), coercivity (Hc), and (BH)max values up to 0.8, 9659 Oe, and 5.64 MGOe, respectively, whereas the same values for the Sb/Mg pair-substituted MnBi were 0.76, 7038 Oe, and 5.60 MGOe, respectively. The substitution effects were also investigated using first-principles calculations. The density of states and total magnetic moments of Mn16Bi15Mg and Mn16Bi15Sb were similar to those of pure Mn16Bi16. Conversely, the Sb-substituted MnBi resulted in a dramatic enhancement in the anisotropy constant (K) from a small negative value (−0.85 MJ/m3) to a large positive value (6.042 MJ/m3).
Polymer-Based Graphene Derivatives and Microwave-Assisted Silver Nanoparticles Decoration as a Potential Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Nicosia Angelo , Vento Fabiana , Pellegrino Anna Lucia , Ranc Vaclav , Piperno Anna , Mazzaglia Antonino , Mineo Placido
Published: November 2020

Nanocomposites obtained by the decoration of graphene-based materials with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received increasing attention owing to their antimicrobial activity. However, the complex synthetic methods for their preparation have limited practical applications. This study aims to synthesize novel NanoHybrid Systems based on graphene, polymer, and AgNPs (namely, NanoHy-GPS) through an easy microwave irradiation approach free of reductants and surfactants. The polymer plays a crucial role, as it assures the coating layer/substrate compatibility making the platform easily adaptable for a specific substrate. AgNPs’ loading (from 5% to 87%) can be tuned by the amount of Silver salt used during the microwave-assisted reaction, obtaining spherical AgNPs with average sizes of 5–12 nm homogeneously distributed on a polymer-graphene nanosystem. Interestingly, microwave irradiation partially restored the graphene sp2 network without damage of ester bonds. The structure, morphology, and chemical composition of NanoHy-GPS and its subunits were characterized by means of UV-vis spectroscopy, thermal analysis, differential light scattering (DLS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. A preliminary qualitative empirical assay against the typical bacterial load on common hand-contacted surfaces has been performed to assess the antibacterial properties of NanoHy-GPS, evidencing a significative reduction of bacterial colonies spreading.
Heat Dissipation in Flexible Nitride Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Guan Nan , Amador-Mendez Nuño , Kunti Arup , Babichev Andrey , Das Subrata , Kapoor Akanksha , Gogneau Noëlle , Eymery Joël , Julien François Henri , Durand Christophe , Tchernycheva Maria
Published: November 2020

We analyze the thermal behavior of a flexible nanowire (NW) light-emitting diode (LED) operated under different injection conditions. The LED is based on metal–organic vapor-phase deposition (MOCVD)-grown self-assembled InGaN/GaN NWs in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Despite the poor thermal conductivity of the polymer, active nitride NWs effectively dissipate heat to the substrate. Therefore, the flexible LED mounted on a copper heat sink can operate under high injection without significant overheating, while the device mounted on a plastic holder showed a 25% higher temperature for the same injected current. The efficiency of the heat dissipation by nitride NWs was further confirmed with finite-element modeling of the temperature distribution in a NW/polymer composite membrane.
Motivating Pulse-Centric Eating Patterns to Benefit Human and Environmental Well-Being
Authors: Didinger Chelsea , Thompson Henry
Published: November 2020

Pulses (e.g., lentil, common bean, chickpea, and dry pea) are linked to a myriad of positive human and environmental health impacts, making them an ideal food for wise and conscientious global citizens. In addition, pulses are affordable and shelf-stable. The combination of these factors, an elevated consumer interest in plant-based diets, and the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased purchasing of pulses and even empty grocery store shelves. Although pulses have many associated benefits, some consumers are hesitant to regularly eat pulses, claiming concerns of abdominal discomfort or a lack of knowledge on how to best prepare pulses. To capitalize on increased consumer interest and purchasing of pulses, now is the time for outreach efforts that address these concerns and the positive outcomes associated with pulses, thereby promoting public and environmental health. Consumers must actively decide to add pulses to their grocery lists and incorporate them into their regular eating patterns. Motivation to adopt new eating habits is essential because knowledge alone does not result in behavior change. Thus, to mitigate perceived barriers and drive consumption, we suggest application of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model and emphasis of three main benefits of pulses as motivators: (1) culinary versatility, (2) sustainability, and (3) healthfulness.
Weight Gain in a Sample of Patients Affected by Overweight/Obesity with and without a Psychiatric Diagnosis during the Covid-19 Lockdown
Authors: Marchitelli Serena , Mazza Cristina , Lenzi Andrea , Ricci Eleonora , Gnessi Lucio , Roma Paolo
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed at identifying psychological and psychosocial variables that might predict weight gain during the COVID-19 lockdown in patients affected by overweight/obesity with and without a psychiatric diagnosis. An online survey was administered between 25 April and 10 May 2020, to investigate participants’ changes in dietary habits during the lockdown period. 110 participants were recruited and allocated to two groups, 63 patients had no psychiatric diagnosis; there were 47 patients with psychiatric diagnosis. ANOVA analyses compared the groups with respect to psychological distress levels, risk perception, social support, emotion regulation, and eating behaviors. For each group, a binary logistic regression analysis was conducted, including the factors that were found to significantly differ between groups. Weight gain during lockdown was reported by 31 of the participants affected by overweight/obesity without a psychiatric diagnosis and by 31 patients with a psychiatric diagnosis. Weight gain predictors were stress and low depression for patients without a psychiatric diagnosis and binge eating behaviors for patients with a psychiatric diagnosis. Of patients without a psychiatric diagnosis, 60% reported much more frequent night eating episodes. The risk of night eating syndrome in persons affected by overweight/obesity with no psychiatric diagnosis should be further investigated to inform the development of tailored medical, psychological, and psychosocial interventions.
Potent Quinoline-Containing Combretastatin A-4 Analogues: Design, Synthesis, Antiproliferative, and Anti-Tubulin Activity
Authors: Ibrahim Tarek S. , Hawwas Mohamed M. , Malebari Azizah M. , Taher Ehab S. , Omar Abdelsattar M. , O'Boyle Niamh M. , McLoughlin Eavan , Abdel-Samii Zakaria K. , Elshaier Yaseen A. M. M.
Published: November 2020

A novel series of quinoline derivatives of combretastatin A-4 incorporating rigid hydrazone and a cyclic oxadiazole linkers were synthesized and have demonstrated potent tubulin polymerization inhibitory properties. Many of these novel derivatives have shown significant antiproliferative activities in the submicromolar range. The most potent compound, 19h, demonstrated superior IC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 µM against four cancer cell lines while maintaining low cytotoxicity in MCF-10A non-cancer cells, thereby suggesting 19h’s selectivity towards proliferating cancer cells. In addition to tubulin polymerization inhibition, 19h caused cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that 19h holds potential for further investigation as a potent chemotherapeutic agent targeting tubulin.
Pharmacy Internal Controls: A Call for Greater Vigilance during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mason Andrew N.
Published: November 2020

For businesses that store physical goods, managing product inventories and financial cost accounting controls are critical. Pharmacies are under considerable scrutiny, due to the nature of their merchandise, making internal controls even more vital. Due to the emergence of COVID-19 and government mitigation strategies, the US economy has seen significant macro- and microeconomic effects. COVID-19 has changed the pharmacy working environment, which could theoretically increase rates of employee drug diversion. Therefore, better inventory management could reduce the misuse of pharmaceutical drugs from fraudulent and drug diversion activities. The author explored secondary findings to create a multidisciplinary conceptual analysis of the reasons why internal controls executed with greater diligence may be needed to avoid damaging financial, legal, and health outcomes. The author also provides a review of available internal control methods that can be used to mitigate diversion.
Pharmaceutical Care in Sports
Authors: Bomfim José Henrique Gialongo Gonçales
Published: November 2020

Pharmaceutical care in sports is a new field of work to clinical pharmacists, focused on promoting pharmacotherapeutic follow up and clinical services to athletes, physical activity practitioners and enthusiasts of any sports modality. A broad range of pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements and herbal drugs have been used historically as performance promoters, doping or ergogenic aids. In this context, the role of pharmacists in prevent adverse events, drug interactions or any drug related problems, as doping issues, was described. Its actions can be important to contribute with a multi professional clinical health team, leading athletes to use these resources in a rational way, promoting and optimizing the therapeutic when its necessary.
Condensed Phase Guerbet Reactions of Ethanol/Isoamyl Alcohol Mixtures
Authors: Nezam Iman , Peereboom Lars , Miller Dennis J.
Published: November 2020

The self-condensation and cross-condensation reactions of ethanol and isoamyl alcohol are examined to better understand the potential routes to value-added byproducts from fuel ethanol production. Reactions have been carried out in both batch autoclave and continuous condensed-phase reactors using a lanthanum-promoted, alumina-supported nickel catalyst at near-critical condensed phase conditions. Analysis of multiple candidate kinetic models led to a Langmuir–Hinshelwood rate expression that is first-order in alcohol with water as the strongly adsorbed species. This model provides the best fit of data from both batch and continuous reactor experiments. Activation energies for primary condensation reactions increase as carbon chain lengths increase. Selectivities to higher alcohols of 94% and 87% for ethanol and isoamyl alcohol, respectively, were observed at different operating conditions.
What Price Equality? The Academic Cost of Government Supervised Gender Mainstreaming at Swedish Universities
Authors: Olsson Erik J. , Sörensen Jens Stilhoff
Published: November 2020

This article is focused on gender mainstreaming at Swedish universities in the period from 2016–2019. Our research questions are: (a) In what form was gender mainstreaming introduced and did the form itself affect scholar’s academic rights? (b) Was the process in question compatible with international standards of institutional autonomy? (c) What effect did gender mainstreaming have on scholars’ ability to exercise their academic rights in accordance with international standards? Using the UNESCO Recommendations Concerning the Status of Higher-education Teaching Personnel (1997) as our international standard, we conclude that gender mainstreaming was introduced as a form of identity politics though government action and de facto supervision; that the latter was problematic from the perspective of institutional autonomy; that the choice of gender studies as a preferred scientific framework for university policy had a chilling effect on inquiry and free speech in other areas of research; and, finally, that gender mainstreaming led to violations of some scholars’ individual rights. The findings may be taken into account in evaluations of the outcome of gender mainstreaming at Swedish universities, all things considered.
A Critical Review of the Physicochemical Properties of Lignosulfonates: Chemical Structure and Behavior in Aqueous Solution, at Surfaces and Interfaces
Authors: Ruwoldt Jost
Published: November 2020

Lignosulfonates are bio-based surfactants and specialty chemicals, which are generated by breaking the near-infinite lignin network during sulfite pulping of wood. Due to their amphiphilic nature, lignosulfonates are used in manifold applications such as plasticizer, dispersant, and stabilizer formulations. Function and performance are determined by their behavior in aqueous solution and at surfaces and interfaces, which is in turn imposed by the chemical make-up. This review hence summarizes the efforts made into delineating the physicochemical properties of lignosulfonates, while also relating to their composition and structure. Lignosulfonates are randomly branched polyelectrolytes with abundant sulfonate and carboxylic acid groups to ensure water-solubility. In aqueous solution, their conformation, colloidal state, and adsorption at surfaces or interfaces can be affected by a range of parameters, such as pH, concentration of other electrolytes, temperature, and the presence of organic solvents. These parameters may also affect the adsorption behavior, which reportedly follows Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetics. The relative hydrophobicity, as determined by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, is an indicator that can help to relate composition and behavior of lignosulfonates. More hydrophobic materials have been found to exhibit a lower charge density. This may improve dispersion stabilization, but it can also be disadvantageous if an electrokinetic charge needs to be introduced at solid surfaces or if precipitation due to salting out is an issue. In addition, the monolignol composition, molecular weight distribution, and chemical modification may affect the physicochemical behavior of lignosulfonates. In conclusion, the properties of lignosulfonates can be tailored by controlling aspects such as the production parameters, fractionation, and by subsequent modification. Recent developments have spawned a magnitude of products and technologies, which is also reflected in the wide variety of possible application areas.
Biological Characteristics and Patterns of Codon Usage Evolution for the African Genotype Zika Virus
Authors: Faye Martin , Zein Naimah , Loucoubar Cheikh , Weidmann Manfred , Faye Ousmane , Cunha Marielton dos Passos , Zanotto Paolo Marinho de Andrade , Alpha Sall Amadou , Faye Oumar
Published: November 2020

We investigated temporal trends of codon usage changes for different host species to determine their importance in Zika virus (ZIKV) evolution. Viral spillover resulting from the potential of codon adaptation to host genome was also assessed for the African genotype ZIKV in comparison to the Asian genotype. To improve our understanding on its zoonotic maintenance, we evaluated in vitro the biological properties of the African genotype ZIKV in vertebrate and mosquito cell lines. Analyses were performed in comparison to Yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite significantly lower codon adaptation index trends than YFV, ZIKV showed evident codon adaptation to vertebrate hosts, particularly for the green African monkey Chlorocebus aethiops. PCA and CAI analyses at the individual ZIKV gene level for both human and Aedes aegypti indicated a clear distinction between the two genotypes. African ZIKV isolates showed higher virulence in mosquito cells than in vertebrate cells. Their higher replication in mosquito cells than African YFV confirmed the role of mosquitoes in the natural maintenance of the African genotype ZIKV. An analysis of individual strain growth characteristics indicated that the widely used reference strain MR766 replicates poorly in comparison to African ZIKV isolates. The recombinant African Zika virus strain ArD128000*E/NS5 may be a good model to include in studies on the mechanism of host tropism, as it cannot replicate in the tested vertebrate cell line.
Placental Pathology of COVID-19 with and without Fetal and Neonatal Infection: Trophoblast Necrosis and Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis as Risk Factors for Transplacental Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Schwartz David A. , Morotti Denise
Published: November 2020

The mechanism(s) by which neonates testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acquire their infection has been largely unknown. Transmission of the etiological agent, SARS-CoV-2, from mother to infant has been suspected but has been difficult to confirm. This communication summarizes the spectrum of pathology findings from pregnant women with COVID-19 based upon the infection status of their infants and addresses the potential interpretation of these results in terms of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the placenta and the pathophysiology of maternal-fetal infection. Placentas from pregnant women with COVID-19 and uninfected neonates show significant variability in the spectrum of pathology findings. In contrast, placentas from infected maternal-neonatal dyads are characterized by the finding of mononuclear cell inflammation of the intervillous space, termed chronic histiocytic intervillositis, together with syncytiotrophoblast necrosis. These placentas show prominent positivity of syncytiotrophoblast by SARS-CoV-2, fulfilling the published criteria for transplacental viral transmission as confirmed in fetal cells through identification of viral antigens by immunohistochemistry or viral nucleic acid using RNA in situ hybridization. The co-occurrence of chronic histiocytic intervillositis and trophoblast necrosis appears to be a risk factor for placental infection with SARS-CoV-2 as well as for maternal-fetal viral transmission, and suggests a potential mechanism by which the coronavirus can breach the maternal-fetal interface.
Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in Humans and Animals
Authors: Kim Hyunsuh , Seiler Patrick , Jones Jeremy C. , Ridout Granger , Camp Kristi P. , Fabrizio Thomas P. , Jeevan Trushar , Miller Lance A. , Throm Robert E. , Ferrara Francesca , Fredrickson Richard L. , Lowe James F. , Wang Leyi , Odemuyiwa Solomon O. , Wan Xiu-Feng , Webby Richard J.
Published: November 2020

To optimize the public health response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we must first understand the antibody response to individual proteins on the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the antibody’s cross reactivity to other coronaviruses. Using a panel of 37 convalescent COVID-19 human serum samples, we showed that the magnitude and specificity of responses varied across individuals, independent of their reactivity to seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs). These data suggest that COVID-19 vaccines will elicit primary humoral immune responses in naïve individuals and variable responses in those previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Unlike the limited cross-coronavirus reactivities in humans, serum samples from 96 dogs and 10 cats showed SARS-CoV-2 protein-specific responses focused on non–S1 proteins. The correlation of this response with those to other coronaviruses suggests that the antibodies are cross-reactive and generated to endemic viruses within these hosts, which must be considered in seroepidemiologic studies. We conclude that substantial variation in antibody generation against coronavirus proteins will influence interpretations of serologic data in the clinical and veterinary settings.
Attitudes and Perception of Healthcare Workers Concerning Influenza Vaccination during the 2019/2020 Season: A Survey of Sicilian University Hospitals
Authors: Costantino Claudio , Ledda Caterina , Squeri Raffaele , Restivo Vincenzo , Casuccio Alessandra , Rapisarda Venerando , Graziano Giorgio , Alba Davide , Cimino Livia , Conforto Arianna , Costa Gaetano Bruno , D’Amato Smeralda , Mazzitelli Francesco , Vitale Francesco , Genovese Cristina
Published: November 2020

Influenza is an infectious disease with a high impact on the population in terms of morbidity and mortality, but despite International and European guidelines, vaccination coverage rates among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain very low. The aim of the present study was to evaluate influenza vaccination adherence in the three Sicilian University Hospitals of Catania, Messina, and Palermo and to understand the attitudes and perceptions of vaccinated healthcare workers and the main reasons for vaccination refusal. A cross-sectional survey through a self-administered questionnaire was conducted during the 2019/2020 influenza season. Overall, 2356 vaccinated healthcare workers answered the questionnaire. The main reason reported for influenza vaccination adherence during the 2019/2020 season was to protect patients. Higher self-perceived risk of contracting influenza and a positive attitude to recommending vaccination to patients were significantly associated with influenza vaccination adherence during the last five seasons via multivariable analysis. Fear of an adverse reaction was the main reason for influenza vaccine refusal. In accordance with these findings, Public Health institutions should develop and tailor formative and informative campaigns to reduce principal barriers to the immunization process and promote influenza vaccination adherence among HCWs.
PENGARUH PROMOSI DAN SALURAN DISTRIBUSI TERHADAP VOLUME PENJUALAN PRODUK SURVEI PADA SENTRA UMKM DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Ardiansyah Fera Regi , Soegoto Herman S
Published: November 2020

Promosi adalah suatu komunikasi informasi penjual dan pembeli yang bertujuan untuk merubah sikap dan tingkah laku pembeli. Saluran distribusi adalah sekumpulan organisasi atau institusi yang saling bergantung membantu membuat suatu produk atau jasa yang dijual kepada konsumen akhir melalui penjual atau perantara. Sedangkan volume penjualan jumlah yang dipandang dari hubungan biaya dalam perusahaan dapat memperkirakan target unit penjualan untuk memperoleh laba yang ditentukanTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh kegiatan promosi dan saluran distribusi secara bersama-sama terhadap volume penjualan pada UMKM di kabupaten Bandung.Metode penelitian ini melalui pendekatan kuantitatif. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah pelaku sekaligus pemilik UMKM di kabupaten Bandung dengan jumlah 100 responden. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat pengaruh antara promosi dan saluran distribusi terhadap volume penjualan. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa ketiga hipotesis alternatif (Ha) yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini diterima, dan menolak hipotesis nol (Ho). Beberapa kesimpulan penelitian dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut : Berdasarkan pengujian persamaan regresi diperoleh Y = 17,049 + 0,511X1 + 0,356X2, persamaan regresi tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa setiap kenaikan satu satuan variabel tingkat promosi dan saluran distribusi akan meningkatkan variabel volume penjualan sebesar 0,511 satuan tingkat promosi dan 0,356 satuan saluran distribusi pada konstanta 17,049. Pengujian hipotesis menunjukan bahwa Fhitung sebesar 70,728 sedangkan Ftabel dengan dk pembilang = 1 dan dk penyebut = dk = 100-2-1 = 97 dengan taraf kesalahan 5% harga F tabel ditemukan adalah 3,95 (interpolasi). Dengan demikian harga Fhitung lebih besar dari harga Ftabel (Fhitung > Ftabel). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Hal ini telah berimplikasi pada tingkat peningkatan volume penjualan yang secara positif dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor determinan secara bersama-sama, yaitu promosi dan saluran distribusi dimana tingkat volume penjualan produk menjadi sasaran terwujudnya UMKM yang sehat.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN UNIVERSITAS KOMPUTER INDONESIA
Authors: Purnomo Hadi , Wahdiniwaty Rahma
Published: November 2020

Saat ini dunia pendidikan sangat pesat pertumbuhannya,untuk itu dibutuhkan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang baik guna dapat bersaing.Perusahaan selalu bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kerja karyawannya,tingkat efisensi,efektif dan waktu yang rendah mengakibatkan produktivitas kurang optimal.Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kurangnya motivasi kerja sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat disiplin kerja karyawan. Oleh karena itu berbagai cara yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan sehingga dapat memenuhi beberapa faktor yang mengakibatkan peningkatan atau penurunan produktivitas kerja karyawan. Dalam penelitian ini penyebab meningkat atau menurunnya produktivitas kerja karyawan peneliti mengamati 2 (dua ) faktor yaitu motivasi dan disiplin kerja.Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui motivasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan Universitas Komputer Indonesia.Dimana produktivitas kerja karyawan rendah,motivasi kurang optimal dan displin kerja yang rendah.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif dengan jumlah responden 152 orang responden dari seluruh jumlah populasi sebanyak 152 orang yang merupakan karyawan tetap di Universitas Komputer Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi dan kuisioner dan studi dokumentasi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan verifikatif. Pengolahan data dengan SEM dan perangkat lunak Lisrel 8.7.Hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa motivasi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan. Dan secara parsial motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja,dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh posistif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan.
PERANCANGAN DAN PERENCANAAN BISNIS TAS YANG DAPAT DIGUNAKAN SEBAGAI LAPTOPPER
Authors: Sukmanagara Rizal
Published: November 2020

Masyarakat seringkali memiliki kebiasaan buruk dalam menggunakan Laptop, yaitu menggunakan Laptop diatas bidang yang tidak rata terutama menggunakan Laptop diatas pangkuan. Padahal, menggunakan laptop diatas pangkuan dapat menyebabkan beberapa masalah yang serius diantaranya kulit terbakar dan menurunkan fertilitas. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka perlu dibuat sebuah produk dan perencanaan bisnis dari tas yang dapat digunakan sebagai alas Laptop (laptopper) dan juga memiliki tingkat mobilitas tinggi sehingga mudah digunakan dan dibawa kemana-mana tanpa mengganggu aktifitas utama. Penelitian ini menggunakan model deskriptif dalam perancangan produk dan bisnis plan dengan konsep flowchart terhadap pemecahan masalah. Berdasarkan pada penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Dalam merancang dan menghasilkan tas yang dapat digunakan sebagai alas laptop (laptopper) yang harus dilakukan yaitu mengetahui kebutuhan konsumen, membuat beberapa alternatif rancangan, menganalisa alternatif rancangan, memilih salah satu alternatif rancangan, dan mempresentasikan hasil produk yang telah dikembangkan agar lebih menarik. Dan perencanaan bisnis dari tas yang dapat digunakan sebagai alas laptop (laptopper) harus menganalisis aspek produk, aspek pemasaran, aspek manajemen dan organisasi, dan aspek finansial.
Інструменти конструювання автобіографії дитинства (на матеріалі повісті «Потерчата» Володимира Рутківського)
Authors: Качак Тетяна Богданівна
Published: November 2020

У статті на основі узагальнення міркувань різних науковців щодо специфіки побудови автобіографічних наративів, застосування власної концепції дослідження, яка базується на моделі комунікації Р. Якобсона та теорії системного підходу до аналізу поетики Г. Клочека, проаналізовано інструменти конструювання художньої автобіографії дитинства у повісті-сповіді «Потерчата» Володимира Рутківського. Доведено, що Володимир Рутківський у повісті «Потерчата» не тільки розповів про свої дитячі роки, а створив автобіографію втраченого дитинства цілого покоління. При цьому відбулася актуалізація інструментарію трьох типів: психологічного, поетикального, рецептивного, які умовно співвіднесено з відповідними компонентами моделі комунікації (адресант, повідомлення, контекст, канал, код, адресат) та етапами її реалізації (креативним, референтним, рецептивним). Ця повість – результат саморефлексії письменника, вербалізації емоційного дитячого досвіду і мовного структурування дитячих спогадів з метою відтворення втраченого світу та звільнення від дитячих травм. На креативному етапі комунікації письменник актуалізує психологічні інструменти конструювання автобіографії. Автобіографію дитинства в повісті репрезентовано концептом «втраченого дитинства» та індивідуальною історією особистості; сконденсовано в образі головного героя та у відвертій сюжетній оповіді-сповіді про пережиті події та дитячі емоції; трансльовано гомодієгетичним наратором в інтрадієгетичній ситуації. Так В. Рутківський на референтному етапі комунікації актуалізував поетикальні інструменти конструювання смислу. Рецептивний інструментарій декодування тексту пов’язаний із процесами його сприймання й осмислення читачами різного віку з урахуванням контекстуальних чинників і потребує глибшого емпіричного дослідження.
Журнал «Світ» як літературна платформа Українських Січових Стрільців
Authors: Роздольська Ірина Володимирівна
Published: November 2020

У статті вперше розглянуто літературне функціонування військового покоління Українських Січових Стрільців у літературно-мистецькому журналі «Світ», який виходив у Львові впродовж 1917 і першої третини 1918 року під редакцією молодомузівця і хорунжого УСС Миколи Голубця. З’ясовано, що часопис розвиває літературно-ідейну концепцію, започатковану стрілецтвом у журналі «Шляхи», означену формулою «Тим, що впали», представляючи низку творів меморіальної тематики, що відповідає засадам «духу епохи» січового стрілецтва. Творчі зусилля стрільців скеровані в руслі піднесення стрілецької слави, стрілецького характеру, документально-мемуарні форми переважають над власне художніми.

Хронотоп України у художній візії стрілецтва – простір пам’яті, польові цвинтарі, що акумулюють досвід національної боротьби, національні цінності, стрілецька ж колективна могила – космотвірна точка і центр нової України визволеного «Завтра».

Артикульовано проблему наслідків катастрофи війни у громадському та приватному житті на третій рік війни, до розкриття подробиць редакція підійшла цілеспрямовано. Концепт труни дозволяє структурувати світобудову зовні і потрактовувати образ світу художньо. Ліричний герой стрілецького світу поміж екстремами «ерос – танатос» в силу власної стрілецької світоглядної налаштованості в руслі трагічного оптимізму скерований усе-таки до еросу, інстинкту життя, хоча усвідомлює незворотність деяких змін, редукцію приватного світу, внутрішні екзистенційні переміни після межових ситуацій, зміну інших людей навколо і світу в цілому, навіть смерть краси. При цьому стрілецька поезія збагачується негромадянськими мотивами, зокрема інтимним, пейзажно-філософський, медитативними інтонаціями.

Стрілецька критика функціонує не лише як засіб підтримки стрілецького літературного продукту і духу стрілецької епохи, але і як мотиватор розвитку стрілецької літературної діяльності, спрямований у бік так званої «літературної індустрії», «літературного виробництва» (П. Бурдьє), тобто демонструє поєднання ідеалістичного історичного підходу і соціологічного.