bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La recomposition des échelles territoriales en Galice (Espagne) : enjeu économique ou alibi idéologique ?
Authors: Vila-Vázquez José-Ignacio , Trillo-Santamaría Juan-Manuel , Paül Valérià
Published: March 2015

Dans l’actuel contexte de crise économique, des changements profonds d’organisation territoriale sont envisagés dans de nombreux États, dont l’Espagne, avec des arguments d’efficacité. Notre étude de cas sur la Galice, « nationalité » historique marquée par une forte autonomie, montre que l’idéologie territoriale joue un rôle aussi important que les raisons économiques. Après avoir présenté les collectivités territoriales galiciennes, nous analysons le discours politique à travers la lecture critique d’un corpus d’articles de la presse écrite et d’internet. Cette analyse s’articule autour des échelles territoriales concernées : la commune, la province et l’aire métropolitaine.
Métropoles en tension. La construction heurtée des espaces politiques métropolitains
Authors: Olive Maurice
Published: March 2015

La loi française mapam , relative aux métropoles et adoptée en 2014, reconnaît juridiquement les métropoles. Cette réforme participe d’un flux d’initiatives diffuses, repérables sur d’autres scènes que le Parlement. Croisant les échelles d’analyses, cet article montre comment l’espace métropolitain de la région urbaine marseillaise se renforce en s’indexant aux dispositifs d’action publique et en agrégeant des élites engagées dans la prospective et la promotion économique du territoire. La convergence entre la volonté nationale et la stratégie des élites locales ne suffit pas à ancrer le projet métropolitain, contrarié par les réactions défensives des maires opposés à l’hégémonie de la ville-centre et inquiets des effets sélectifs des transferts de pouvoirs à des niveaux de gouvernance qui les marginalisent.
Personajes simuladores y simulados, entrelazados en el Quijote
Authors: Pérez de León Vicente
Published: March 2015

Una de las claves de la realidad que ordena el universo reside en comprender la naturaleza del entrelazamiento de la dualidad que lo rige, nunca completamente monista, ni tampoco totalmente nihilista, según el principio de la symploké platónica (El sofista, 1992: 251, 255). La validez del entrelazamiento entre «no todo monismo» y «no todo nihilismo» se utilizará como herramienta lógica para entender la postura existencial de varios de los personajes del Quijote que protagonizan casos de raras y autoconsicentes conclusiones a sus propias existencias. Por un lado está la no deseada del suicidio del pastor Grisóstomo y su desesperación por Marcela, estudiado en el contexto del caso similar de la muerte de Anselmo en El curioso impertinente. Por otro está la ejemplar y reflexiva muerte arquetípica de Don Quijote y su renacimiento en Alonso Quijano. En conclusión, la identificación de la tragedia ontológica derivada de no comprender o no poder cuestionar el principio de la symploké platónica ayuda explicar el apego, la identificación y la naturaleza del entrelazamiento entre los personajes cervantinos estudiados en relación a su autoconsciencia de seres creativos incluidos, voluntariamente o no tanto, en los ámbitos de sus simuladas realidades.
El Quijote en el teatro inglés del siglo XIX
Authors: Garrido Ardila J. A.
Published: March 2015

Este artículo presenta una serie de obras inglesas de influencia cervantina, del período comprendido entre 1793 a 1907, que el cervantismo actual había pasado por alto en los estudios en torno a la recepción del Quijote en Gran Bretaña: siete adaptaciones teatrales del Quijote (dos anónimas, las otras de Charles Dibdin, Joseph Moser, G. A. Macfarren, C. A. Maltby y P. Milton), una comedia de título quijotesco (George Dance) además de cinco novelas quijotescas (dos anónimas, las otras de Lily Spender, Maurice Hewlett y A. T. Quiller-Couch). De esas adaptaciones teatrales, tres habían sido inventariadas por Leopoldo Rius en 1899 (las de Moser, Macfarren y Maltby) y las otras cuatro se presentan por primera vez aquí. Con el objeto de ofrecer una perspectiva más completa de la presencia del Quijote en el teatro inglés, se ofrecen datos sobre esas siete obras teatrales. Una consideración de todas ellas en conjunto refuerza tesis anteriores referentes al carácter eminentemente cómico que las representaciones decimonónicas tuvieron, con sus obvias consecuencias para el estudio de la recepción del Quijote en ese siglo.
La experiencia trascendental de la música en Cervantes y Kafka. (El celoso extremeño y La metamorfosis)
Authors: Vivar Francisco
Published: March 2015

Analizo la presencia del poder y el efecto de la música en los personajes para alcanzar la libertad en estas dos novelas ejemplares. Mi intención es mostrar los paralelismos textuales o las relaciones intrínsecas de parecido. Y lo hago trazando un camino que se dibuja como una historia paralela que recorre cuatro aspectos fundamentales de las dos novelas: el espacio que habitan los personajes –la casa y la habitación–, el poder –del viejo celoso y del padre–, el encerramiento de los protagonistas –Leonora y Samsa– y el efecto de la música. En la novela cervantina la música es la llave para alcanzar la libertad. En La metamorfosis la música impulsa a Gregorio Samsa hacia el anhelado alimento, que significa la nostalgia de alcanzar la Tierra de Canaán.
Más sobre Cervantes, Plutarco y los cínicos: una anécdota de Alcibíades y el Coloquio de los perros
Authors: Sáez Adrián J.
Published: March 2015

En el marco de la intertextualidad clásica cervantina, se recuerdan primeramente los lazos de Cervantes con Plutarco para después tratar de poner en relación una anécdota de la biografía de Alcibíades (Vidas paralelas) contra la murmuración con la ficción del Coloquio de los perros, con la que comparte una serie de rasgos.
‘Turpe senex miles, turpe senilis amor’ (Amores, 1, 9, 4): Ovidio, Cranach y Cervantes
Authors: Gómez Moreno Ángel
Published: March 2015

Aristóteles y Flora, Virgilio en el cesto, Susana y los viejos… Por distintas vías, el tema del viejo lascivo se enseñorea del arte europeo, plástico y literario, desde las postrimerías del siglo XV en adelante. El asunto, amén de su dimensión jocosa y moral, interesa por su relación con el principio artístico del decoro. En las parejas desiguales (con una joven damisela y un anciano por amante) Cranach encuentra uno de sus asuntos recurrentes; en el Quijote, Cervantes da la vuelta al patrón de Perceval guiado por la máxima de Ovidio ‘Turpe senex miles, turpe senilis amor’ (Amores, 1, 9, 4). De ese modo, no es un joven sino un anciano quien se lanza a una doble aventura, militar y amorosa.
Don Quijote y el exilio: La representación del Hidalgo Caballero en la plástica del artista aragonés Eleuterio Blasco Ferrer
Authors: Pérez Moreno Rubén
Published: March 2015

En el siguiente artículo analizaremos las representaciones de don Quijote realizadas en el exilio parisino por el artista aragonés Eleuterio Blasco Ferrer (Foz-Calanda, Teruel, 1907-Alcañiz, Teruel, 1993). Una de sus esculturas, El último suspiro de don Quijote, alcanzará una notable popularidad, convirtiéndose en verdadero símbolo del exilio republicano.
Contribución al catálogo del pintor e ilustrador John Vanderbank: seis nuevos óleos con escenas de El Quijote en el Museo de Pontevedra
Authors: Tilve Jar María Ángeles
Published: March 2015

En el Museo de Pontevedra destaca un conjunto de seis cuadros de pequeño formato que narran escenas de El Quijote. Realizados al óleo sobre tabla, son obra del pintor e ilustrador inglés John Vanderbank (1694-1739) que en ellos versiona algunas de las estampas que él mismo diseñó para ilustrar la edición de lujo de la novela de Miguel de Cervantes que, promovida por Lord Carteret e impresa por los hermanos Tonson, se realizó en Londres en 1738.
La Asociación de Cervantistas, 25 años
Authors: Lucía Megías José Manuel , Montero Reguera José , López Navia Santiago A. , Fernanda Abreu María , Lozano-Renieblas Isabel , Bernat Vistarini Antonio , Cuevas Cervera Francisco
Published: March 2015

Con motivo del vigésimo quinto aniversario de creación de la Asociación de Cervantistas un importante número de investigadores ha querido ofrecer una síntesis de la aportación de aquella al hispanismo. Este dossier incluye las evocaciones de algunos de quienes intervinieron en su creación, como también de sus dos primeros presidentes, Alberto Sánchez y José María Casasayas; un análisis y valoración de sus reuniones académicas y de las muchas publicaciones derivadas de ellas, y un avance de sus objetivos y proyectos inmediatos.
Regulatory T Cells Prevent Inducible BALT Formation by Dampening Neutrophilic Inflammation
Authors: Foo Shen Yun , Zhang Vivian , Lalwani Amit , Lynch Jason P. , Zhuang Aowen , Lam Chuan En , Foster Paul S. , King Cecile , Steptoe Raymond J. , Mazzone Stuart B. , Sly Peter D. , Phipps Simon
Published: March 2015

Inducible BALT (iBALT) can amplify pulmonary or systemic inflammatory responses to the benefit or detriment of the host. We took advantage of the age-dependent formation of iBALT to interrogate the underlying mechanisms that give rise to this ectopic, tertiary lymphoid organ. In this study, we show that the reduced propensity for weanling as compared with neonatal mice to form iBALT in response to acute LPS exposure is associated with greater regulatory T cell expansion in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Ab- or transgene-mediated depletion of regulatory T cells in weanling mice upregulated the expression of IL-17A and CXCL9 in the lungs, induced a tissue neutrophilia, and increased the frequency of iBALT to that observed in neonatal mice. Remarkably, neutrophil depletion in neonatal mice decreased the expression of the B cell active cytokines, a proliferation-inducing ligand and IL-21, and attenuated LPS-induced iBALT formation. Taken together, our data implicate a role for neutrophils in lymphoid neogenesis. Neutrophilic inflammation is a common feature of many autoimmune diseases in which iBALT are present and pathogenic, and hence the targeting of neutrophils or their byproducts may serve to ameliorate detrimental lymphoid neogenesis in a variety of disease contexts.
Linking the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor with Altered DNA Methylation Patterns and Developmentally Induced Aberrant Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Winans Bethany , Nagari Anusha , Chae Minho , Post Christina M. , Ko Chia-I , Puga Alvaro , Kraus W. Lee , Lawrence B. Paige
Published: March 2015

Successfully fighting infection requires a properly tuned immune system. Recent epidemiological studies link exposure to pollutants that bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) during development with poorer immune responses later in life. Yet, how developmental triggering of AHR durably alters immune cell function remains unknown. Using a mouse model, we show that developmental activation of AHR leads to long-lasting reduction in the response of CD8+ T cells during influenza virus infection, cells critical for resolving primary infection. Combining genome-wide approaches, we demonstrate that developmental activation alters DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in isolated CD8+ T cells prior to and during infection. Altered transcriptional profiles in CD8+ T cells from developmentally exposed mice reflect changes in pathways involved in proliferation and immunoregulation, with an overall pattern that bears hallmarks of T cell exhaustion. Developmental exposure also changed DNA methylation across the genome, but differences were most pronounced following infection, where we observed inverse correlation between promoter methylation and gene expression. This points to altered regulation of DNA methylation as one mechanism by which AHR causes durable changes in T cell function. Discovering that distinct gene sets and pathways were differentially changed in developmentally exposed mice prior to and after infection further reveals that the process of CD8+ T cell activation is rendered fundamentally different by early life AHR signaling. These findings reveal a novel role for AHR in the developing immune system: regulating DNA methylation and gene expression as T cells respond to infection later in life.
Casein Kinase II Controls TBK1/IRF3 Activation in IFN Response against Viral Infection
Authors: Du Min , Liu Jinghua , Chen Xia , Xie Yadong , Yuan Chuanping , Xiang Yu , Sun Bing , Lan Ke , Chen Mingzhou , James Sharmy J. , Zhang Yongliang , Zhong Jin , Xiao Hui
Published: March 2015

By sensing viral nucleic acids, host innate receptors elicit signaling pathways converging on TBK1-IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 axis in mediating IFN-αβ induction and defense mechanisms. In contrast, viruses have evolved with diverse immune evasion/interference mechanisms to undermine innate receptor signaling and IFN response. In this regard, approaches enabling host to overcome such immune evasion/interference mechanisms are urgently needed to combat infections by epidemic/pandemic viruses. In this study, we report that protein kinase CK2 serves as a key component controlling TBK1 and IRF3 activation in IFN-inducing TLR, RIG-I–like receptors, and cGAS/STING signaling pathways. Accordingly, knocking down of CK2 expression or genetic ablation of its kinase activity resulted in elevated IFN-αβ response in response to infection by DNA and RNA viruses. Moreover, PP2A was identified as one of the intermediate phosphatases responsible for CK2-regulated IFN response, suggesting that CK2 may regulate TBK1 and IRF3 activation indirectly. Importantly, blockade of CK2 activity by small molecule inhibitor was able to activate TBK1, whereby eliciting effective host defense mechanisms against hepatitis C virus infection. Taken together, our results identify CK2 as a novel regulator of TBK1 and IRF3 and suggest that targeting CK2 by small molecular inhibitor may be a viable approach to prevent and treat viral infections.
Vibsanin B Preferentially Targets HSP90β, Inhibits Interstitial Leukocyte Migration, and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ye Bai-Xin , Deng Xu , Shao Li-Dong , Lu Ying , Xiao Run , Liu Yi-Jie , Jin Yi , Xie Yin-Yin , Zhao Yan , Luo Liu-Fei , Ma Shun , Gao Ming , Zhang Lian-Ru , He Juan , Zhang Wei-Na , Chen Yi , Xia Cheng-Feng , Deng Min , Liu Ting-Xi , Zhao Qin-Shi , Chen Sai-Juan , Chen Zhu
Published: March 2015

Interstitial leukocyte migration plays a critical role in inflammation and offers a therapeutic target for treating inflammation-associated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Identifying small molecules to inhibit undesired leukocyte migration provides promise for the treatment of these disorders. In this study, we identified vibsanin B, a novel macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl, that inhibited zebrafish interstitial leukocyte migration using a transgenic zebrafish line (TG:zlyz–enhanced GFP). We found that vibsanin B preferentially binds to heat shock protein (HSP)90β. At the molecular level, inactivation of HSP90 can mimic vibsanin B’s effect of inhibiting interstitial leukocyte migration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that vibsanin B ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice with pathological manifestation of decreased leukocyte infiltration into their CNS. In summary, vibsanin B is a novel lead compound that preferentially targets HSP90β and inhibits interstitial leukocyte migration, offering a promising drug lead for treating inflammation-associated diseases.
A Rare Cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Related Pancytopenia
Authors: Kim Su Bin , Shrivastava Makeardhwaj Sarvadaman , Strakhan Marianna
Published: March 2015

A 21-year-old male with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, not on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) was admitted after complaining of headache and intermittent diarrhea, found to have Cryptococcal meningitis. During the course of his hospitalization, patient developed pancytopenia. Anemia panel, serologies including Epstein barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and parvovirus were negative. Patient then developed high grade fever with elevated liver enzymes. Blood cultures, urine cultures, stool cultures, and repeat cerebrospinal fluid cultures remained negative. Patient subsequently developed skin lesions which on biopsy showed Kaposi’s sarcoma, and upon endoscopy, noted to have gastrointestinal Kaposi’s sarcoma involvement. Human herpes virus 8 was positive. Bone marrow biopsy revealed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Despite having a concern for patient developing immune reconstitution syndrome which may worsen his meningitis, HAART was initiated and patient’s symptoms improved including resolution of fevers and hematological as well as liver abnormalities. Kaposi’s sarcoma improved as well.
Pulmonary Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Involving the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Monga Varun , Silverman Margarida
Published: March 2015

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) occurs as a complication of hematologic disorders such as myelofibrosis, sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. The extramedullary tissue usually involves liver, spleen and lymph nodes, less frequently the chest. We present a recent case of a man with myeloproliferative neoplasm who developed pulmonary hemorrhage secondary to EMH in the lung and pulmonary artery. Radiation therapy was considered the best approach, but it didn’t work and the patient died a week after radiation therapy was completed. We also review herein the present literature.
Mycoplasmal upper respiratory infection presenting as leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Authors: Rao Mana , Agrawal Abhinav , Parikh Manan , Banayat Rikka , Thomas Maria Joana , Guo Tianhua , Lee Andrew
Published: March 2015

Mycoplasma is a virulent organism that is known to primarily infect the respiratory tract; however, affection of the skin, nervous system, kidneys, heart and bloodstream has been observed in various forms, which include Stevens Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, encephalitis, renal failure, conduction system abnormalities and hemolytic anemia. Small vessel vasculitis is a lesser-known complication of mycoplasma pneumonia infection. We report a case of mycoplasmal upper respiratory tract infection with striking cutaneous lesions as the presenting symptom. Mycoplasmal infection was confirmed by serology testing, skin biopsy was suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This case brings forth an uncommon manifestation of mycoplasmal infection with extra-pulmonary affection, namely small vessel vasculitis.
Intracellular pathogens within alveolar macrophages in a patient with HIV infection: diagnostic challenge
Authors: Shinha Takashi , Badem Olga
Published: March 2015

In HIV-infected individuals, macrophages, the key defense effector cells, manifest defective activity in their interactions with a wide variety of opportunistic pathogens, including fungi and protozoa. Understanding the morphological characteristics of intracellular opportunistic pathogens in addition to their pathogenesis is of critical importance to provide optimal therapy, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. We herein present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis confused with disseminated visceral leishmaniasis in an HIV-infected individual from Guyana who developed intracellular organisms within alveolar macrophages
The influence of cultural beliefs on the utilisation of rehabilitation services in a rural South African context: Therapists’ perspective
Authors: Wegner Liezel , Rhoda Anthea
Published: March 2015

No abstract available.
Yves Le Grand and the dioptric power matrix
Authors: Harris William F.
Published: March 2015

In a previously published paper, the present author asserted that Yves Le Grand came veryclose to describing the dioptric power matrix in 1945 and that, in particular, he presentedexpressions for the entries of the matrix. The purpose of this note is to weaken that assertionand to argue that, while he certainly did describe some features of the matrix, his expression forthe off-diagonal entries of the matrix for thin systems was incorrect (a missing factor appearsnot to have been a typographical error) and that, although he gave basic formulae of Gaussianoptics involving dioptric power, he gave no hint of natural and powerful generalisations forlinear optics involving the dioptric power matrix.
Vocal effectiveness of speech-language pathology students: Before and after voice use during service delivery
Authors: Couch Stephanie , Zieba Dominique , Van der Linde Jeannie , Van der Merwe Anita
Published: March 2015

Background: As a professional voice user, it is imperative that a speech-language pathologist’s(SLP) vocal effectiveness remain consistent throughout the day. Many factors may contribute to reduced vocal effectiveness, including prolonged voice use, vocally abusive behaviours,poor vocal hygiene and environmental factors.Objectives: To determine the effect of service delivery on the perceptual and acoustic features of voice.Method: A quasi-experimental., pre-test–post-test research design was used. Participants included third- and final-year speech-language pathology students at the University of Pretoria(South Africa). Voice parameters were evaluated in a pre-test measurement, after which the participants provided two consecutive hours of therapy. A post-test measurement was then completed. Data analysis consisted of an instrumental analysis in which the multidimensional voice programme (MDVP) and the voice range profile (VRP) were used to measure vocal parameters and then calculate the dysphonia severity index (DSI). The GRBASI scale wasused to conduct a perceptual analysis of voice quality. Data were processed using descriptive statistics to determine change in each measured parameter after service delivery.Results: A change of clinical significance was observed in the acoustic and perceptual parameters of voice.Conclusion: Guidelines for SLPs in order to maintain optimal vocal effectiveness were suggested.
Should HIV and AIDS workplace programmes still be advocated in the automotive industry?
Authors: Steenkamp Liana , Von der Marwitz Jill , Baasner-Weihs Friederike , Pietersen Jacques
Published: March 2015

Orientation: In light of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic, and in order to improve competitiveness in the South African private sector, many structures have implemented subsidised workplace programmes.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to collect baseline data regarding the knowledge, attitudes, practices and belief (KAPB) of employees in the automotive industry in relation to HIV and AIDS, in order to assess the need for HIV and AIDS workplace programmes.Motivation for the study: Given the abundance of HIV and AIDS information, the question is whether these workplace programmes’ efforts are still relevant.Research design, approach and method: A quantitative descriptive study design was used using a self-administered questionnaire covering questions about KAPB with regard to HIV and AIDS. The data collection took place in seven automotive supplier companies in South Africa (n = 733) who were going to implement HIV and AIDS workplace programmes with the support of the Automotive Industry Development Centre in the Eastern Cape.Main findings: High-risk behaviour, as indicated by sexual relations with more than one partner in the last 12 months, occurred in between 12% (management) and 42% (cleaners) of employees. All risk behaviour indicators showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between management and administrative staff on the one hand and technicians, operators and cleaners on the other. Despite being aware of an HIV policy, more than 50% of employees indicated that they would not be willing to disclose their status.Practical/managerial implications: As HIV and AIDS risk behaviour and stigma remain a problem, HIV infection with associated health problems may threaten productivity in the automotive industry if no measures are taken to address the impact on employees and the company.Contribution: This study strongly supports the conclusion that KAPB studies can still provide important information to tailor HIV workplace programmes according to employee needs.
Strong Logarithmic Sobolev Inequalities for Log-Subharmonic Functions
Authors: Graczyk Piotr , Kemp Todd , Loeb Jean-Jacques
Published: March 2015

We prove an intrinsic equivalence between strong hypercontractivity and a strong logarithmic Sobolev inequality for the cone of logarithmically subharmonic (LSH) functions. We introduce a new large class of measures, Euclidean regular and exponential type, in addition to all compactly-supported measures, for which this equivalence holds. We prove a Sobolev density theorem through LSH functions and use it to prove the equivalence of strong hypercontractivity and the strong logarithmic Sobolev inequality for such log-subharmonic functions.
The Standardized Professional Encounter: A New Model to Assess Professionalism and Communication Skills
Authors: Lifchez Scott D. , Cooney Carisa M. , Redett Richard J.
Published: March 2015

Background

Physician-patient communication is vital to patient care, and physician-nurse interactions are equally critical. Conflict between nurses and physicians can greatly impair communication, increasing the risk of treatment errors, yet physicians receive little education during training on recognizing and resolving professional conflicts.

Innovation

We created and implemented the Standardized Professional (S-Pro) Encounter to improve training and provide opportunities to evaluate resident professionalism and communication with health care team colleagues.

Methods

The standardized patient model is well established for teaching and assessing clinical and communication skills. Using the standardized patient concept, we created a nurse-resident encounter with 2 professionally trained medical portrayers (1 “nurse,” 1 “patient”), in which the nurse disagrees with the resident's treatment plan. Residents were surveyed for prior experience with nurse-physician conflict management, and we assessed postencounter for collaborative skills and conflict resolution.

Results

All residents (n = 18) observed at least 1 physician-nurse conflict in front of patients. Eleven (61%) reported being involved in at least 1 conflict. Twelve residents (67%) had 2 or fewer prior education experiences in interprofessional conflict management. Faculty assessment and S-Pro scores demonstrated high agreement, while resident self-assessment scores demonstrated low agreement with faculty and S-Pro scores.

Conclusions

Participants and evaluators found the encounter to be reasonably authentic. There was strong agreement between the faculty and S-Pro assessment of resident performance when using the Boggs scale. The S-Pro Encounter is easily adapted for other clinical situations or training programs, and facilitates the assessment of professionalism and communication skills between residents and other health care professionals.
Parotid Tumors: How Rare are They?
Authors: Bhat Vadisha S , Aroor Rajeshwary , Bhandary Satheesh Kumar , Shetty Anusha S , Somayaji KS Gangadhara
Published: March 2015

Objectives

Salivary gland neoplasms are uncommon, but they are of much interest and debate because of their remarkable variability in structure, clinical presentation, and behavior. We have studied 56 cases of parotid tumors and shared our views on the diagnosis and management of these rare tumors.

Materials and methods

Fifty-six patients with parotid swelling presented to us over a period of 5 years. Preoperatively, all these patients were evaluated with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Depending on the report, they were subjected to further treatment.

Results

Out of 56 cases, 44 (79%) were benign and 12 (21%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma being the commonest benign tumor [32 cases (72%)] and among the malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the commonest. Parotidectomy is the gold standard treatment for both the benign and malignant parotid tumors.

Conclusion

Parotid tumors are a rare entity. Among which benign tumors are more common than malignant. An accurate diagnosis preoperatively and timely surgical management would reduce the recurrence rate and risk of complications.

How to cite this article

Aroor R, Shetty AS, Bhandary SK, Bhat VS, Somayaji KSG. Parotid Tumors: How Rare are They? Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):126-129.
BRAF Mutation Correlates with Aggressive Features, Little Predictive Value
Authors: Curry Joseph , Cognetti David , Pribitkin Edmund , Quong Andrew , Wynne Colin , Scott Kathryn , Rosen David , Duddy Elizabeth
Published: March 2015

Objective

With widespread and sophisticated imaging techniques, micro papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) may be discovered prior to developing the classic pathological determinants of aggressiveness, such as extrathyroidal extent (ETE). Many studies have suggested that the V600E B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) mutation can be used as a marker for aggressive disease. One objective of this study is to determine what prognostic value this mutation holds. However, nearly all of current studies have focused solely on classically aggressive tumors, not classically nonaggressive samples. This study also seeks to determine the BRAF mutation status in both the groups of tumors.

Materials and methods

Sixty-six PTC samples were tested for the V600E BRAF mutation using competitive allele-specific TaqMan probes in real-time PCR (Applied Biosystems/Life Technologies). Testing demonstrates that this assay has at least a <5% sensitivity to the mutation. Forty-five samples had at least one of four aggressive features. Samples with vascular invasion, ETE or lymph node metastasis (LNM) were also characterized as having poor prognosis.

Results

The V600E BRAF mutation was found in 27 of the 45 aggressive samples (60.0%) and 5 of the 21 nonaggressive samples. The Fisher exact test resulted in a correlation between aggressiveness and BRAF mutation as well as correlations between ETE, LNM and the BRAF mutation. When using the BRAF mutation as a predictor of prognosis based on the pathological features of aggressiveness, there was 60% sensitivity and 80% specificity.

Conclusion

The V600E BRAF mutation is correlated with pathological aggressive features, but may lack sufficient specificity or sensitivity to be used as a marker to predict outcome.

How to cite this article

Quong A, Wynne C, Curry J, Scott K, Rosen D, Cognetti D, Pribitkin E, Duddy E. BRAF Mutation Correlates with Aggressive Features, Little Predictive Value. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):130-134.
Surgical Decision Making in Oral Mucosal Melanoma with Lymphadenopathy: Review of Literature
Authors: Mukherjee Srijon , Chauhan Yogendra Singh , Bakshi Niladri
Published: March 2015

The oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) comprises less than 1% of all malignant melanomas. Most mucosal melanomas occur in occult site, which together with lack of early and specific signs contribute to late and poor diagnosis. Because of their rareness, the knowledge about their pathogenesis and risk factors is insufficient, and also there are not well-established protocols for staging and treatment of mucosal melanomas with lymphadenopathy. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Radiotherapy and other adjunctive therapies can provide better local control in some locations, but did not show improvement in survival. In this article, we present a case of 52-year-old female with OMM (excision performed elsewhere) presenting with large left upper cervical swelling after 2 years postexcision. We will review the literature that help us in taking decision in the management of OMMs in light of following patient.

How to cite this article

Bakshi N, Mukherjee S, Chauhan YS. Surgical Decision Making in Oral Mucosal Melanoma with Lymphadenopathy: Review of Literature. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):135-139.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp Masquerading as Trichilemmal Tumor of the Scalp
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Halkud Rajshekar , Nanjundappa A , Biswas Siddharth , Samskruthi M , Chavan Purshottam , Sidappa KT , Venugopal Bindu
Published: March 2015

Background

Adnexal components tumors of the skin are very rare and are seen as benign lesions of the scalp in aged women. Trichilemmal tumor is usually benign and rarely under-goes malignant transformation in a stepwise manner starting with an adenomatous stage of the trichilemmal cyst to an epitheliomatous stage of the proliferating trichilemmal tumor (PTT) evolving into the carcinomatous stage of the malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor (MPTT).

Case report

A 53-year-old woman reported with huge swelling in the posterior region of the scalp. The swelling was mobile and soft to firm in consistency not fixed to the skull bone. The surface was smooth and getting under the swelling was not possible, needle biopsy reported as trichilemmal tumor. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) neck did not show any nodes in the neck, especially the posterior compartment. The tumor was widely excised with 1 cm margin and the periosteum was kept intact with split skin graft. An area of periosteal adher ence to the tumor seen was excised. The histopathology report on serial sectioning reported grade 1 moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Postoperative external beam radiotherapy of 66 Gy was given. The patient is being followed up and no recurrence is seen.

Conclusion

Malignant transformation in a proliferating trichilemmal tumor a rare entity and should be differentiated from SCC and the better prognostic trichilemmal carcinoma. A protocolbased adjuvant therapy is available for squamous cell carcinoma but not for trichilemmal carcinoma (TLC) and MPTT. A major meta-analysis may help to establish a clinical outcome-based classification and management protocol for these tumors.

How to cite this article

Nanjundappa A, Halkud R, Venugopal B, Chavan P, Sidappa KT, Biswas S, Samskruthi M, Naik SM. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp Masquerading as Trichi-lemmal Tumor of the Scalp. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):144-147.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of Thyroid Synchronously with Squamous cell carcinoma base of Tongue: A Rare coincidence and Treatment Strategy
Authors: Kaur Paramjeet , Khurana Anil , Chauhan Ashok K , Singh Gajender , Kataria Sant Parkash
Published: March 2015

The occurrence of two malignant lesions synchronously of different histology at same anatomical region of the patient is a rare presentation. Coexistence of squamous cell carcinoma and malignant lymphoma of head and neck region synchronously is uncommon. Here is a report of case of 65 years old female patient who presented with a mass in right side of neck and in midline of neck of 2 months duration. After thorough work up, the patient was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of right side base of tongue and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of thyroid. The patient was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

How to cite this article

Kaur P, Khurana A, Chauhan AK, Singh G, Kataria SP. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of Thyroid Synchronously with Squamous Cell Carcinoma Base of Tongue: A Rare Coincidence and Treatment Strategy. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):155-157.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome vs Ludwig's Angina: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Thangakunam Balamugesh , Chandrasekharan Ramanathan , Tyagi Amit Kumar , Ashish Gaurav , Augustine Ann Mary , Varghese Ajoy Mathew , Parmar Harshad , Christopher DJ
Published: March 2015

Introduction

We present an interesting diagnostic dilemma between superior vena cava syndrome and Ludwig Angina to highlight ways to differentiate between these two seemingly similar conditions.

Presentation of case

A 50-year-old man presented with complaints of progressive breathing difficulty with diffuse brawny swelling in the neck and clinically gave impression of Ludwig angina, however, on further evaluation was diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) secondary to non small cell carcinoma of lung.

Discussion

This paper illustrates an interesting scenario in which clinical presentation of SVCS mimicked Ludwig's Angina. SVCS with a gradual onset may have minimal symptoms with facial edema, erythema and venous distension in the chest and neck. Occasionally atypical presentation of Ludwig's angina may mimic SVCS where high degree of clinical suspicion is needed to discriminate them.

Conclusion

Superior vena cava syndrome may present with symptoms suggestive of Ludwig's angina, especially if the obstruction is slowly progressive. A high index of suspicion is necessary in these cases.

How to cite this article

Ashish G, Tyagi AK, Augustine AM, Chandrasekharan R, Varghese AM, Parmar H, Thangakunam B, Christopher DJ. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome vs Ludwig's Angina: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):77-80.
Phosphorus dynamics in lowland streams as a response to climatic, hydrological and agricultural land use gradients
Authors: Goyenola G. , Meerhoff M. , Teixeira-de Mello F. , González-Bergonzoni I. , Graeber D. , Fosalba C. , Vidal N. , Mazzeo N. , Ovesen N. B. , Jeppesen E. , Kronvang B.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Climate and hydrology are relevant control factors for determining the timing and amount of nutrient losses from agricultural fields to freshwaters. In this study, we evaluated the effect of agricultural intensification on the concentrations, dynamics and export of phosphorus (P) in streams in two contrasting climate and hydrological regimes (temperate Denmark and subtropical Uruguay). We applied two alternative nutrient sampling programmes (high frequency composite sampling and low frequency instantaneous-grab sampling) and three alternative methods to estimate exported P from the catchments. A source apportionment model was applied to evaluate the contribution derived from point and diffuse sources in all four catchments studied. Climatic and hydrological characteristics of catchments expressed as flow responsiveness (flashiness), exerted control on catchment and stream TP dynamics, having consequences that were more significant than the outcome of different TP monitoring and export estimation strategies. The impact of intensification of agriculture differed between the two contrasting climate zones. Intensification had a significant impact on subtropical climate with much higher total (as high as 4436 μg P L−1), particulate, dissolved and reactive soluble P concentrations and higher P export (as high as 5.20 kg P ha−1 year−1). However, we did not find an increased contribution of particulate P to total P as consequence of higher stream flashiness and intensification of agriculture. The high P concentrations at low flow and predominance of dissolved P in subtropical streams actually exacerbate the environmental and sanitary risks associated with eutrophication. In the other hand, temperate intensively farmed stream had lower TP than extensively farmed stream. Our results suggest that the lack of environmental regulations of agricultural production has more severe consequences on water quality, than climatic and hydrological differences between the analysed catchments.
Overview on radon measurements in Arctic glacier waters
Authors: Kies A. , Hengesch O. , Tosheva Z. , Nawrot A. P. , Jania J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. We present a possibility to investigate the presence of the subglacial component in waters supplied by glacierized basins in introducing radioactive isotope measurements, in combination with more classical parameters like temperature and electrical conductivity. Among the natural radioactive elements the most promising is the noble gas radon isotope 222Rnv. With a half-life of 3.8 days, it constitutes a short time tracer and also allows continuous measurements. In waters drained out from a target landbased Svalbard glacier, radon levels show surprisingly high values up to 33 Bq L−1 in the accumulation season. In the ablation period varying radon concentrations can be linked to mixing of waters from different origins, roughly supraglacial (meltwater and rain water), englacial and subglacial. Only water recently in close contact with bedrock or sediments can be charged with radon. Results from several years of radon measurements on Werenskiold glacier, in ablation and accumulation seasons, are presented and discussed. The results of continuous measurements give proxy information on drainage footpaths and the style and system of the draining of glaciers. They enable to distinguish the presence of a subglacial component in water flowing from the glacier system in different seasons of the year and thus are a step towards the indication of the prevailing type of glacier drainage during summer and winter seasons.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Giovanni Fanchini
Authors: Tan Vivian
Published: March 2015

Dr. Giovanni Fanchini is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Western University. He also holds the Canada Research Chair in Carbon-based Nanomaterials and Nano-optoelectronics. He is currently developing novel organic and carbon-based nanomaterials to increase solar cell performance. Dr. Fanchini teaches both undergraduate and graduate level courses in physics as well as supervises undergraduate and graduate students. Vivian Tan, a WURJHNS representative, had the pleasure to interview Dr. Giovanni Fanchini to learn more about his career in research.
Actividades de evaluación continua - correlación con la calificación de la prueba final y efecto sobre la calificación final. Evidencia en Administración y Dirección de Empresas
Authors: Jareño Cebrián Francisco , López García Raquel
Published: March 2015

El presente artículo analiza las calificaciones parciales – de las distintas actividades de evaluación continua incluida la prueba final – y la calificación final – calculada como una media ponderada de las calificaciones parciales – para nueve asignaturas de tercer curso del Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Por un lado, los resultados muestran que existe una correlación positiva significativa entre las calificaciones del resto de actividades de evaluación continua y de la prueba final para siete asignaturas. Por otro lado, encontramos que, en general, la calificación obtenida en las distintas actividades de evaluación continua (excluida la prueba final) ayuda a mejorar la calificación final del estudiante. Es decir, la calificación final del estudiante es superior a la que obtendría si sólo se tuviera en cuenta el resultado de la prueba final. Los resultados son consistentes para un análisis por asignaturas y para una muestra formada por los estudiantes matriculados en las nueve asignaturas.
Adaptación de un cuestionario para evaluar las creencias epistemológicas sobre la matemática de profesores de secundaria básica
Authors: Vizcaino Escobar Annia Esther , Cadalso Romero Arianys , Manzano Mier Mayra
Published: March 2015

El objetivo del estudio está orientado a determinar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Creencias Epistemológicas sobre la Matemática. Participan 171 profesores de matemática de Secundaria Básica de la Región Central de Cuba. Los resultados muestran una consistencia interna aceptable. La estructura factorial de la escala reveló tres factores principales, coherentes con el modelo de los tres constructos: creencias sobre el conocimiento, sobre el aprendizaje y la enseñanza, mostrando niveles irregulares en el desarrollo del sistema de creencias epistemológicas sobre la matemática de estos docentes que tienden a los polos de ingenuidad y sofisticación. En conclusión, el cuestionario es útil para evaluar las creencias docentes sobre la matemática.
Percepción de los estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud sobre las actitudes de los docentes y su influencia en el clima de aprendizaje
Authors: Tabera Galván Mª Victoria , Alvarez Comino Mª José , Hernando Jerez Asunción , Rubio Alonso Margarita
Published: March 2015

El clima del aula es un elemento básico para el aprendizaje y un indicador de la calidad educativa. El análisis de este aspecto puede ayudar a entender el proceso de desarrollo de los estudiantes, su motivación y los procesos de persistencia o abandono académico. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la percepción que tienen los estudiantes universitarios acerca de las actitudes de sus profesores y su repercusión en el clima de aprendizaje. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa. Para obtener información sobre sus percepciones, los alumnos realizaron descripciones escritas y sesiones con grupos focales de 8 participantes en cada una (alumnos de odontología, fisioterapia y medicina). El contenido de las sesiones fue grabado en audio y posteriormente transcrito y analizado. La información referente a las “actitudes negativas y positivas” de los profesores, fue clasificada por los alumnos en 5 categorías. El mayor número de comentarios sobre actitudes docentes se incluían en las categorías que denominaron “empatía y trato” y “dinámica de las clases”, seguidas de “coordinación y planificación”, “material, trabajos y evaluación” y “normativa”. Los estudiantes señalaron que las actitudes y comportamientos docentes tenían un claro efecto sobre el clima de aprendizaje e indicaron la motivación/desmotivación como repercusión principal. Consideramos que los comentarios de los alumnos pueden servir a los docentes como guía de autoevaluación de sus actitudes e intervenciones.
Articulación de la carpeta de aprendizaje en la formación por competencias de traductores
Authors: Galán-Mañas Anabel
Published: March 2015

El objetivo de este artículo es difundir una experiencia docente con el portafolio de evaluación de competencias en la formación de traductores. Detallamos el contexto en que se ha llevado a cabo la experiencia, cómo se ha estructurado la carpeta y su evaluación, y qué competencias resultan evaluadas. La experiencia nos ha permitido constatar que el uso de la carpeta favorece la movilización de distintas competencias y tipos de aprendizaje; promueve la organización, el aprendizaje significativo y la autorregulación; permite que el estudiante tome conciencia de lo que ha aprendido y lo que le falta por aprender. No obstante, la carpeta implica mayor carga de trabajo tanto para el estudiante como para el profesor, por ello es preciso facilitar instrucciones y criterios de evaluación bien detallados y dedicar algunas sesiones a su supervisión.
Ulcer Protective and Ulcer Healing Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Leaves of Rumex Bequaertii De Wild (Polygonaceae) in Rats
Authors: Ateufack Gilbert , Feudjio Breuil R. Dongmo , Yousseu William Nana , D. Atsamo Albert , Kamanyi Albert
Published: March 2015

The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Rumex bequaertii leaves were investigated for their ability to prevent and treated ulceration of the gastric mucosa in animal models.For this, adult male rats three to four months old and weighing on average 180 g were used for both tests. The extracts were tested orally at doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, on ulcerations experimentally induced by HCl/ethanol and pylorus ligation (acute ulcer) and acetic acid (chronic ulcer).These extracts showed protective and healing properties on ulcer induced models. A dose of 500 mg/kg of the two extracts inhibited ulceration induced by HCl/ethanol by 98.86 and 91.59 % respectively. With pyloric ligation, no significant variation of the volume of gastric juices, pH and gastric acidity was observed compared to the negative control rats. The aqueous extract alone at different doses presented a significant reduction of the ulceration surface resulting from chronic ulcer induced with acetic acid compared to the negative control group that received distilled water. For all three models of gastric ulcer induction used, the mass of mucus significantly increased in the groups that received the extracts. There was no significant variation in plasmatic nitric oxide (NO) concentrationand gastric supernatant of rats treated with both extracts compared to both control groups. These results reveal that the healing process of the extracts is not achieved through the NO pathway. This process could be due to increase in mucus production and thus supports its traditional use of the plant