bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technologies and classifications of fiber optic sensors
Authors: Gorlov N. I. , Shaigaraeva T. N. , Monastyrskaya T. I.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents a detailed review of various technologies and classification of fiber optic sensors. The main functionalities of sensors based on Rayleigh, Raman and Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering principles are formulated.
Improving the accuracy of measuring the peak frequency of the Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering spectrum using the least squares method
Authors: Gorlov N. I.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents a detailed analysis of various noise sources affecting the operation of Brillouin optical analyzers, which allows a deep insight into the fundamental limitations of this type of fiberoptic sensors. The main task of fiber sensors based on the Brillouin scattering principle is to extract the peak frequency of the scattering spectrum, since the peak frequency shift provides information about the temperature and deformation of the fiber. Due to the high noise level, quadratic fit is often used in data processing. Formulas for the dependence of the minimally detectable Brillouin frequency shift on the signal-to-noise ratio and frequency step are given.
Development of educational virtual laboratory work for the study of electrooptical switch on connected planar waveguides
Authors: Vardanyan V. A. , Koksharova S. M.
Published: July 2024

Virtual laboratory work for the study of electrooptical switch on connected planar waveguides has been developed. The structural scheme of virtual laboratory work layout is described and the main features of software implementation of virtual layout are given.
Features of the operation of MEMS in the nonlinear approximation for restoring and electrostatic forces
Authors: Sinitskiy R. E , Dragunov V. P.
Published: July 2024

The results of investigation of behavior features of MEMS with varying interelectrode gap in the nonlinear approximation are presented. The conditions for the occurrence of two points of unstable equilibrium and the conditions for the controllability of the system are obtained. Conditions leading to localization of self-oscillations either in the area of positive or in the area of negative displacements are found
Current Status and the Role of Biofilm Biofertilizer for Improving the Soil Health and Agronomic Efficiency of Maize on Marginal Soil
Authors: Mushalin Itakanisa Pradmiardi ,   Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran. Jl. Soekarno km 21, Jatinangor – West Java, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

The use of biofilm biofertilizers is emerging as a promising strategy to improve soil health and agronomic efficiency, especially for maize production on marginal soils. This review focuses on the current status and critical role of biofilm biofertilizers in improving soil properties and maize productivity. This study used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses using Scopus and ScienceDirect databases from 2014-2024. Results showed that current status of biofilm biofertilizer utilization is spread on azolla, rhizobacteria, and endophytic bacteria species. Biofilm biofertilizers are beneficial microbial communities encapsulated in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that contribute to soil structure stabilization, nutrient solubilization and improved water retention. Application of these biofertilizers has been shown to improve soil fertility by increasing organic matter content, promoting nutrient cycling, and stimulating microbial activity. These improvements result in better root development, higher plant growth rates and increased crop yields. Especially on marginal soils, where nutrient availability and soil structure are often compromised, biofilm biofertilizers offer a sustainable solution to mitigate these limitations. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies and highlights the mechanisms by which biofilm biofertilizers exert their beneficial effects, thereby highlighting their potential in sustainable agricultural practices for maize production on suboptimal soils.
Obesidade infanto-juvenil: prevalência, consequências e estratégias de intervenção
Authors: Pereira Fagner Marques , Almeida Catherine de Abreu , Gomes Fábio Lucas Galdino , Pontes Melliza Barbosa , Moreira Márcia Farias , Malaquias Délio Tiago Martins , Florêncio Vinicius Faria dos Santos , Proti Maria Júlia Leão , França Mateus Elias Fontenele , Gonçalves Renata Moreira , Prata Ana Vitória Côbo , Prata Anelise Côbo , Teodoro Isadora de Brito , Menzani Graziele
Published: July 2024

Esta revisão integrativa aborda a crescente prevalência global e brasileira de obesidade infantil e juvenil, destacando os impactos físicos, psicossociais e econômicos significativos associados a essa condição. Globalmente, mais de 340 milhões de crianças e adolescentes são afetados pela obesidade, com taxas alarmantes em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, dados do IBGE e do Ministério da Saúde corroboram uma epidemia crescente influenciada por urbanização rápida, transição nutricional e mudanças nos estilos de vida. A revisão identifica que a obesidade infantojuvenil está associada a complicações físicas como diabetes tipo 2, hipertensão e distúrbios respiratórios, além de impactos psicossociais como baixa autoestima e estigmatização social. Modelos teóricos como o Modelo Ecológico de Bronfenbrenner são utilizados para compreender os determinantes biopsicossociais dessa condição. Estratégias de intervenção focadas em políticas públicas integradas, educação nutricional, atividade física regular e ambientes saudáveis são recomendadas para mitigar essa epidemia e melhorar a qualidade de vida das futuras gerações.
A Emenda Constitucional nº 132/23 e a autonomia municipal na Federação Brasileira
Authors: Queiroz Liana Carine Fernandes de , Vidal Luísa Cavalcanti , Wink Roberta
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo se propõe a expor as implicações da Emenda Constitucional nº 132/2023 à garantia da autonomia dos Municípios brasileiros, com foco específico na alteração da tributação sobre consumo, considerando o novo Imposto sobre Bens e Serviços (IBS). A autonomia municipal, uma expressão direta do princípio federativo, é resguardada pela Constituição de 1988, que estabelece claramente a competência dos municípios para instituir e arrecadar seus próprios tributos, o que não apenas fortalece, mas também assegura a sua autodeterminação financeira. Este estudo pretende uma análise crítica da reforma tributária, sob a perspectiva dos impactos à autonomia municipal dentro do regime de tributação compartilhada do IBS, em contraste com a competência tributária municipal para instituir, cobrar e arrecadar o Imposto sobre Serviços de Qualquer Natureza (ISSQN). Discute-se, sob a luz do princípio federativo - uma cláusula pétrea da Constituição -, as possíveis e até mesmo, prováveis, consequências dessa reforma para a preservação da autonomia fiscal, política e administrativa dos Municípios e Distrito Federal. Emprega-se o método hermenêutico fundado no Constructivismo Lógico-Semântico, o qual utiliza revisão de literatura crítica e análise do texto legal sob a ótica da semiótica, linguística e lógica, buscando trazer mais segurança, coerência e certeza na construção do discurso científico, a fim de salvaguardar a interpretação dos ruídos da comunicação.
Contribuição à definição de um Plano de Execução Bim (PEB) em projetos de infraestrutura de transporte a partir de análise comparativa com a ISO 19650
Authors: Nielsen Otto Araujo , Galvão Gabriel Andrade de Souza , Miceli Junior Giuseppe , Pellanda Paulo César
Published: July 2024

Considerando a imposição da adoção do Building Information Modeling (BIM) pelo Governo Federal, observa-se, no contexto dos projetos de Infraestrutura de Transporte Brasileiro, a lacuna de uma clara delimitação quanto ao conteúdo do Plano de Execução BIM (PEB) para tais empreendimentos. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor uma estrutura para a formulação adequada de um PEB, a fim de orientar as práticas de gestão de informações nesses projetos. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos a partir da análise comparativa de cinco PEBs provenientes de organizações atuantes no setor de infraestrutura de transportes. Essa análise permitiu identificar as melhores práticas e os pontos críticos na elaboração dos planos. Além disso, foi realizada uma avaliação para constatar a conformidade desses planos com a ABNT NBR ISO 19650-2, norma que delineia os requisitos relativos à organização e gestão de informações no âmbito do BIM. A estrutura proposta visa conferir uma delimitação mais precisa e uma organização coerente das informações contidas no Plano de Execução BIM, garantindo maior eficiência e padronização nos projetos de infraestrutura de transportes.
Quantifying Threat or Challenge Response of Undergraduate Paramedicine Students During High-Stress Clinical Scenarios
Authors: Betson Jason , Fein Erich , Long David , Horrocks Peter
Published: July 2024

Paramedic work can be stressful. Encountering clinically unwell patients, long shift hours and dealing with the unknown expose paramedics to mental, physical and emotional stress. In the learning environment, these types of stresses are difficult for educators to replicate. Traditionally, students have been tested under pressure in scenario-based situations as a means of stress inoculation. However, the literature is unclear as to whether this enhances or hinders learning. A recent scoping review identified an acceptable level of stress during simulation can be beneficial, although a level of a balance is required. Too much stress can hinder learning and lead to underperformance. Ideally, high-acuity patient scenarios should be designed to invoke a challenging state of appraisal in the student to support both their learning and knowledge retention. To obtain an understanding of how students appraise these types of scenarios, quantitative physiological and psychometric data needs to be obtained and analyzed. However, across the health care education literature, inconsistent methodologies and a variety of physiological and cognitive measures make it challenging to draw firm conclusions. This narrative review searched three prominent databases using common search terms to produce a subset of high-quality publications that we thought were most pertinent and insightful. Our paper establishes recommendations for appropriate physiological assessment and interpterion of challenge appraisal in students undertaking high-stress, low-frequency clinical scenarios.
Beyond Learner-Centered Practice: Adult Education, Power, and Society
Authors: Cervero Ronald , Wilson Arthur
Published: July 2024

At the heart of practice in most conceptions of adult education is the adult
learner whose needs for learning, once uncovered, can be met through the
effective design of educational programs. There has been increasing
dissatisfaction with this view of practice, however, as adult education has
moved to a central position in the constitution of social, cultural, and
economic life. Learner-centeredness is a naive position that does not come
close to approximating the political and ethical dilemmas nor the
contradictions and the possibilities for action in this new situation for adult
education. In place of learner-centeredness we suggest that adult
education in the next millennium must be seen as a struggle for the
distribution of knowledge and power in society. At the heart of practice,
then, should be a vision linking adult education, power, and society.

Résumé

La plupart des conceptions andragogiques placent l'apprenant au centre
de leur préoccupation pratique. Elles considèrent que les besoins
d'apprentissage de celui-ci, une fois identifiés, peuvent être rencontrés
grace au design de programmes éducatifs. Or, cette conception s'est butée
à une insatisfaction croissante alors que la pratique andragogique
s'établissait au cœur la vie sociale, culturelle et économique. La notion
d'intervention centrée sur l'apprenant est naïve et ne rend pas compte des
dilemmes politiques et éthiques, ni des contradictions et des possibilités
d'action dans le nouveau contexte. À l'aube du nouveau millénaire, nous
suggérons plutôt une représentation de l'andragogie qui étaye la lutte
pour une distribution équitable du savoir et dupouvoir dans la société. La
pratique devient alors tributaire d'une vision liant andragogie, pouvoir et
société.
Canadian Labour Education and PLAR at the Turn of the 21st Century
Authors: Gereluk Winston , Briton Derek , Spencer Bruce
Published: July 2024

This article is intended to update and deepen adult educator's
understanding of the role of current Canadian labour education. It
examines implications in relation to granting prior learning assessment
and recognition (PLAR) of labour education.

Résumé

Cet article vise à informer les éducateurs d'adultes quant au rôle actuel
de la formation au sein du mouvement ouvrier canadien. On y examine
en outre les enjeux que représents dans ce contexte la reconnaissance
des acquis.
Adults with Learning Disabilities and the Role of Self-Determination: Implications for Literacy Programs
Authors: Corley Mary Ann , Taymans Juliana
Published: July 2024

This article links the research on the status of adults with learning
disabilities in the United States with the growing movement of selfdetermination
for individuals with disabilities. From this knowledge
base, practical implications are extracted for literacy providers on
strategies for encouraging the development of self-determination in
learners and for making program services more responsive to the needs
of persons with learning disabilities. These implications include
modifications in professional staff development, curriculum
development, and mentoring and modeling, as well as increased learner
involvement in planning.

Résumé

Cet article fait le lien entre la recherche sur les adultes éprouvant des
difficultés d''pprentissage aux Etats-Unis et le mouvement en pleine
expansion de l'affirmation de ces individus ayant des difficultés. Dans
cette banque d'information, les intervenants en alphabétisation
trouveront des applications pratiques sur les stratégies pour
promouvoir l'affirmation des apprenants et pour mettre sur pied des
programmes qui répondent mieux aux besoins de ces apprenants
éprouvant des difficultés d'apprentissage. Ces applications incluent des
modifications sur le plan du personnel professionnel, du développement
du curriculum, du mentorat et du modelage de même que l'implication
accrue de l'apprenant dans la planification.
Gio Ponti y la evolución creativa de la Concatedral de Taranto: conocimiento para la valorización
Authors: Aprea Marco , Errico Fernando , Rossi Gabriele
Published: July 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es ofrecer una lectura crítica integrada de documentos escritos e iconográfi cos relacionados con la Concatedral “Gran Madre de Dios”, prestando especial atención a las soluciones de diseño presentadas por el arquitecto Gio Ponti a la diócesis de Taranto. Estas soluciones, identifi cadas como “El Templo”, “La Nave”, “La Vela” y “La Catedral”, representan la evolución del proceso de diseño del arquitecto. La integración de métodos de análisis y lectura, por un lado, las técnicas de análisis gráfi co, reconstrucción gráfi ca y modelado, y por otro lado las metodologías propias de la investigación histórica/archivística de la arquitectura, permiten poner de relieve la génesis del proyecto y ofrecer una visión de las propuestas que el arquitecto milanés ha presentado para la Concatedral de Taranto.
Impact of a Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Intervention on Patients Diagnosed with Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Mojica Krystel , Lizama-Lefno Andrea , Roco-Videla Ángel , Robles-Martínez María , Caviedes-Olmos Marcela
Published: July 2024

Introduction: depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders, with a significant prevalence in the general population, increasing after the COVID-19 pandemic. Mindfulness and Self-Compassion have been shown to improve emotional well-being, reduce symptoms of anxiety and stress, and increase overall well-being. However, the impact of group programs involving these interventions in mental health settings and clinical populations requires further exploration.Methods: a quantitative study was designed with a prospective approach in a sample of 24 subjects with a diagnosis of depression or anxiety. A non-standardized group program based on Mindfulness and Self-Compassion was applied for eight weeks. Participants completed the Self-Compassion scale and the Pemberton Index before and after the intervention.Results: the results indicate that the intervention had a significant positive impact on the participants. The dimensions associated with Self-compassion and Non-Compassionate Aspects presented statistically significant changes. Self-Compassion improved significantly, while Mindfulness showed no change. Subjective Well-being also improved significantly in all its dimensions.Conclusions: the group intervention based on Mindfulness and Self-compassion had a significant positive impact on the participants. The results suggest that Self-Compassion practices may be more effective in promoting emotional well-being than those focused exclusively on Mindfulness, especially in the clinical setting. These findings are consistent with existing literature and raise an interesting debate about the clinical relevance of Self-Compassion alone compared to Mindfulness
Philosophical understanding of Russian-language poetry of Central Asia and the East
Authors: Asanova Damira , Sabirova Venera , Kubanychbek Isakov , Abytova Gulsana , Miskichekova Zanfira
Published: July 2024

Introduction: the cultures of Central Asia have been intertwined with Russian culture for many centuries. Many Russian-speaking poets of this region have left a serious contribution to the development of several cultures at the same time.
Objectives: the aim of this study is to identify the main philosophical meanings and contexts that unite the creative heritage of Russian-speaking poets of Central Asia and the Far East.
Methods: to achieve this goal, the historical method, comparative method, and hermeneutic analysis are used. The authors of the article also refer to the concept of archetypes, introduced into literary studies from the psychoanalytical approach.
Results: in the course of the study, it is determined that many Russian-speaking poets of these regions adopted the Asian cultural code, in connection with which the themes of “the call of the Motherland”, “metaphysics of the Great Steppe”, “Eastern City”, nomadic way of life, as well as a special, close to Asian, perception of time and eternity appear in their texts. These archetypes were added to Russian culture mainly under the influence of Eastern trends and the activities of emigrant and bilingual poets.
Conclusions: the study contributes to the study of Russian-language poetry, as well as the poetic field of Central Asia and the Far East. It also touches upon the theme of the peculiarities of the formation of the writer’s identity in a bilingual environment and the theme of the dialogue of cultures, interethnic exchange of cultural code
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN MITRA EMAS BANK JAWA BARAT SYARIAH KANTOR CABANG PEMBANTU JEMBATAN MERAH, KOTA BOGOR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Mulniasari Nina , Trihantana Rully , Kusumaningrum Ria
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor yang terdiri dari faktor budaya, sosial, pribadi, psikologi, referensi, dan Ekonomi terhadap minat masyarakat dalam memilih pembiayaan Mitra Emas di BJB Syariah KCP Jembatan Merah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Kuantitatif. Data yang diolah berupa data parsial dan simultan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi dan kuisioner, pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Budaya (X1), Sosial (X2), Pribadi (X3), Psikologi (X4), Referensi (X5), Ekonomi (X6), berpengaruh terhadap Minat Masyarakat terhadap Pembiayaan Mitra Emas BJB Syariah KCP Jembatan Merah. Hal ini dibuktikan dari nilai t hitung > t table. Dengan demikian Ho ditolak dan Hi diterima. Dari hasil uji pada penelitian secara simultan faktor budaya, pribadi, psikologi, ekonomi berpengaruh dan nyata terhadap minat masyarakat terhadap pembiayaan mitra emas. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai F hitung > Ftabel (37,477 > 2,29) dan besarnya nilai sig 0,000 < 0,05 Maka perhitungan tersebut menunjukan bahwa variabel bebas yang terdiri dari Budaya, sosial, pribadi, psikologi, referensi, dan ekonomi.
Study of the Replacement Rate of Military Job Performance Ability According to Science and Technological Innovation
Authors: Kim Dongmin , Bae Kwanpyo
Published: July 2024

The Republic of Korea (ROK) is making efforts to switch to a technology-intensive military that introduces advanced technology to prevent a security vacuum caused by a shortage of troops due to population decline. This study analyzed the replacement rate of military job performance ability by branch according to the development of science and technology (S&T). In addition, the following conclusions could be derived. First, S&T will significantly replace the human personnel’s job performance by 2040. Second, the degree of replacement by S&T will be high for the troop-intensive branches. Third, low-skilled and standardized jobs are easy to replace by S&T, and high-skilled atypical jobs are difficult to replace. Therefore, the ROK military’s aim of a military with advanced technology needs a customized policy that identifies low-skilled, standardized jobs, replaces them with S&T first, and gradually introduces super-technical skills that fit the attributes of the branches to which those jobs belong.
Personnel Psychology and Security
Authors: Okafor Chiedozie , Ujoatuonu Ikechukwu , Kizito Chineye , Kanu Gabriel , Ike Obinna
Published: July 2024

The personnel selection based on ethnoreligious factors, with the readoption of Fulani herders, bandits, and unknown shooters into the defense organization, has challenged Nigerian troops’ perceived individual employability, perceived work ability, and fit between person and vocation. Also, these have made personnel career adaptability a severe challenge for Nigerian soldiers. We examined person-job fit as a moderator in the associations of perceived individual employability, perceived work ability, and career adaptability. Two hundred and fifty-two Nigerian military personnel between eighteen and sixty years of age (M = 39; SD = .964) participated in the study. Through purposeful and convenient sampling techniques, we collected data using the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, the Self-Perceived Individual Employability Scale, the Perceived Work Ability Scale, and the Person-Job-Fit Scale. Our findings showed that individual employability, perceived work ability, and person-job fit significantly predict military personnel’s career adaptation. Person-job fit moderated the association of perceived individual employability and military career adaptation. However, it did not influence the association between perceived work ability and military career adaptation. Our study showed that person-job fit, individual employability with work ability, and career adaptation are prerequisites for enlistment, deployment for combat, and well-being after combat experiences. Practical implications are that the insecurity challenges in Nigeria would have been mitigated if defense organizations had selected enlisted personnel for military work and deployment based on work ability, employability, and person-job fit so that they could quickly adapt to their careers and fight these insecurity challenges. Also, our study suggests that educational qualifications are not essential for military enlistment and deployment. We highlighted our study’s limitations and suggested further work on the topic.
Advances in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Prevention of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions in the Era of Precision Medicine
Authors: Satapornpong Patompong , Vorasatit Lisa , John Shoban
Published: July 2024

Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), including drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are rare but severe life-threatening adverse drug reactions. Although their incidence is rare, the mortality rates are as high as 10% for DRESS, 1–5% for SJS and 25–50% for TEN. Recent studies have suggested that HLA genes are associated with SCARs during treatment with causative medicines. The HLA gene is located on chromosome 6p21.1–21.3 and consists of HLA class I, II and III. Interestingly, HLA-pharmacogenomic markers influence these mechanisms of immunopathogenesis in culprit drug-induced SCARs. However, due to genetic differences at the population level, drug-induced SCARs are varied; thus, the specific pharmacogenomic markers for ethnicity might differ among populations. For instance, the HLA-A*31:01 allele is associated with carbamazepine-induced SCARs in Europeans and Japanese individuals, while the HLA-B*15:02 allele is associated with carbamazepine-induced SJS-TEN among Thais, Han Chinese, Taiwanese and Southeast Asians populations. Such differences pose a major challenge to preventing SCARs. Therefore, knowledge of the pharmacogenomics, mechanisms of immunopathogenesis and ethnic-specific genetic variation related to drug-induced SCARs is needed.
Perspective Chapter: SDG 4, Educational Strategy and Awareness for Social Innovation in Sustainable Development
Authors: Martinez Gutierrez Rodolfo , Lucas Bravo Gaudencio , Ernesto Jimenez Bernardino Angel , Daniel Padilla De la Rosa José
Published: July 2024

The education sector at the local level around the world has great challenges regarding global awareness actions in the student population, to creatively convey the importance of environmental protection as an action of social responsibility toward future generations. That is why, SGD 4 of the 2030 goals represents a key link to encourage students at different educational levels to develop initiatives to take care of natural resources and empathy for well-being, health, and sport as key factors for better living conditions in the population. Beyond conceptual understanding, academic practices and research are required to manage knowledge of sustainable development.
Burden of Enterobiasis in Africa: Overcoming Neglect and Improving Pediatric Health
Authors: Ofosu Wilfred
Published: July 2024

Enterobiasis is a globally prevalent, difficult-to-control, but yet neglected intestinal helminthiasis. Its asymptomatic nature in most cases leads to underestimation of its impact. However, its impact on pediatric health is significant, compromising their physical and mental well-being ultimately hampering educational development. The prevalence of enterobiasis among (pre)school-aged children in Africa varies across studies due to differences in study location characteristics and diagnostic techniques. However, higher prevalences have been reported in studies utilizing the scotch tape technique emphasizing the need for its prioritization in epidemiological studies and routine parasitological examinations due to its high diagnostic efficiency. Mebendazole (100 mg orally) is the recommended first-line treatment, and administering a second dose after 14 days is crucial to prevent reinfection. The scarcity of treatment data for enterobiasis in Africa can be attributed to various factors, including underreporting of cases, limited healthcare infrastructure, and inadequate research focus on this specific parasitic infection. Overcoming the neglect of enterobiasis requires the implementation of educational and mass treatment programs, improving diagnostic capabilities, and prioritizing research and public health initiatives. Additionally, improving hygiene practices and sanitation is essential. By addressing these challenges and introducing comprehensive interventions, the neglect of enterobiasis can be overcome, leading to improved overall African pediatric well-being.
CSOs and the incomplete polarization of Czech society: civil society for what and for whom?
Authors: Frič Pavol
Published: July 2024

Against the background of the concept of pernicious polarization and the understanding of the dynamics of the current polarization of Czech society as an interaction of populist and anti-populist forces, the chapter analyses to what extent Czech society is polarized, how civil society organizations (CSOs) participate in its polarization and how the polarization of Czech society differs from other Central European countries. The role of CSOs in the process of polarization is viewed through the lens of A. Gramsci’s concept of allied blocs competing for political and cultural hegemony. As a result, the text provides insight into the polarization of CSOs themselves, as well as their activities in linking civil society with populist or anti-populist political actors. The text identifies four deficits in the sources of polarization and analyzes how these deficits contribute to a specific pattern of incomplete and topically fragmented polarization in the Czech Republic. It shows that although uncivilized practices typical of pernicious polarization are employed in the Czech political struggle, there has not yet been a broader alliance between the strongest populist movement on the one hand and the conservative, populist-friendly part of civil society on the other.
A Numerical Analysis of Single-Frequency Responses of the Resonant Micro-Cantilever to Dynamic Acoustic Forces Based on the Forced Van der Pol-Rayleigh-Mathieu Oscillator
Authors: Yilmaz Cagri
Published: July 2024

In the present work, a nonlinear dynamic model based on the forced Van der Pol-Rayleigh-Mathieu is used to acquire the observable responses of the micro-cantilever to dynamic acoustic forces in the single-frequency excitations. Behaviors of the resonant micro-cantilever under external forces are strongly dependent on the simulation parameters. The start time, the time interval, and the initial boundary conditions considerably affect the flexural deflections on the particular time domains. Additionally, amplitude and phase shift can be simply extracted from the oscillatory motions to explore the micro-cantilever sensitivity to acoustic forces for different start times and time intervals. For instance, the amplitude at the second eigenmode fluctuates in the 0–500 pm region on the start time domain of 0–20 ms for the time interval range of 0.0001–0.1 ms. It is remarkably vital to observe the changes in the observables in response to different values of numerical simulation parameters for better sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, dynamic responses including displacements and velocities are demonstrated for the first two flexural eigenmodes considering different initial displacements. Therefore, the single-frequency responses of the resonant micro-cantilever can be investigated to quantify the sensitivity to periodic acoustic forces considering the effects of numerical simulation parameters.
Endophytic Fungi: Taxonomy, Isolation, and Current Applications
Authors: Rojas López-Menchero Jorge , Fé Andrés-Yeves María , González-Coloma Azucena , González-García Vicente
Published: July 2024

This chapter is a revision of the realm of endophytic fungi, focusing on how to approach the study of their biodiversity in relation to distribution, richness, host plant defense mechanisms, chemistry, and metabolomic profiles. We will revise the current isolation and identification methods available such as culture-dependent techniques and omics approaches including both targeted and functional metagenomics, and their comparison to give a holistic view of the endophytic fungal biome. Additionally, we will discuss their biotechnological potential for the production of bioactive natural products to be applied in plant protection (against nematodes, fungi, and insect control), soil restoration, or disease control practices based on microbial antagonists.
Perovskite Paradigm: Unraveling Photoelectrochemical Synergies for Sustainable Transformations
Authors: Ahmadi-Kashani Mina , Zendehdel Mahmoud , Mahdi Abolhasani Mohammad , Yaghoobi Nia Narges
Published: July 2024

Owing to the tunable electronic properties, high carrier lifetimes, low recombination possibility, and long diffusion lengths, perovskites have gained attention for potential use in photoelectrocatalytic processes. Photoelectrochemical methods can convert sunlight into electricity or useful fuels, resulting in extensive research to develop PEC applications. This chapter embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the perovskite structure’s transformative influence on diverse photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) and monolithic Photovoltaic-Electrocatalytic (PV-EC) devices including water splitting, H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction, degradation of pollutants, (bio) sensing, and organic synthesis. By assessing the mechanisms and kinetics involved, we aim to disclose the potential of perovskite-based photoelectrochemical systems in shaping the landscape of green energy and environmental stewardship. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the progress and challenges in enhancing the stability, selectivity, and efficiency of perovskite-based PEC and monolithic PV-EC reactions to unravel the synergistic potential for sustainable transformations in the realm of photoelectrochemistry.
Screening of Newborn with Sickle Cell Disease in the View of Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Mashingaidze Mano Runyararo
Published: July 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic hemoglobinopathy and has its highest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. It has contributed significantly to the morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years. In developed countries, newborn screening (NBS) followed by comprehensive care and community involvement have reduced SCD-related deaths by 10-fold. The life expectancy of SCD patients has also improved. Current practices in most resource-limited settings are mainly based on diagnosing symptomatic children upon presentation to health facilities. However, some countries in these settings have started introducing NBS. The common screening methods being used include high-performance liquid chromatography and isoelectric focusing. Despite some progress made in NBS, there have been some challenges. Some of these include the cost of screening, lack of qualified personnel, and the turnaround time for the results. In order to improve the care of children with SCD in resource-limited settings, there is a need to move toward point-of-care testing.
Artificial Neural Network-based Approach for Surface energy Prediction
Authors: Lai Fuming , Tong Shengfu
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the utilization of artificial neural network (ANN) models in predicting surface energy values. ANN models are a type of machine learning (ML) algorithm inspired by the way the human brain processes information. The chapter delves into the theoretical foundations of ANN models and their application in modeling surface energy, a crucial parameter in various scientific and industrial processes. By training the ANN models with relevant datasets, researchers can develop a predictive model capable of estimating surface energy values with high accuracy. The chapter discusses the methodology, challenges, and potential benefits of using an ANN-based approach for surface energy prediction, offering insights into the intersection of artificial intelligence and materials science.
Nanocomposite Materials with Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Parvulescu Viorica , Petcu Gabriela
Published: July 2024

Nanocomposites are multiphase materials that attracted considerable attention as very efficient photocatalytic materials. The nanocomposite photocatalysts contain semiconductors and metals as reinforced nanophase and photocatalytic activity is result of this heterojunction with matrix. The aim of this section is to explore some of the most representative nanocomposite materials with photocatalytic and electro-photocatalytic properties. These reactions are an alternative solution to use sunlight energy in degradation of contaminants from air and water, synthesis of new organic compounds, and as energy source. The reaction between photons and nanocomposite materials (powder, fiber, and film) is associated with generation of the reactive oxygen species that play a key role in these applications. The effects of heterojunctions between different semiconductors and metals and their considerable synergy that promote the photocatalytic properties of nanocomposites are evidenced. The mechanisms of various types of the photocatalytic reactions are thus presented highlighting the efficient strategy to suppress the recombination of e−/h+ pairs. The variation of the visible light absorption in the photocatalytic reaction and increasing of its efficiency, selectivity, and stability due the contribution of the surface plasmon resonance effect produced by precious metals nanoparticles is also considered.
Asociación entre las buenas prácticas de higiene de expendios y hábitos higiénicos del estudiante universitario
Authors: Montes Quiroz Alejandrina , Ruiz Bernés Salvador , Leal Cortes Erendida , Valdivia Pérez Luis Gerardo , Herrera Arcadia Karla Guadalupe
Published: July 2024

El objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre las buenas prácticas de higiene de los expendios y del manipulador de alimentos, con hábitos de higiene de estudiantes universitarios. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo; incluyó a 148 estudiantes en una muestra por casos-tipo. Se empleó un instrumento con 26 reactivos (22 con escala Likert y 4 preguntas abiertas) que miden buenas prácticas de higiene de los establecimientos (BPHE), buenas practicas higienicas del manipulador (BPHM) y buenas prácticas del consumidor (BPHC). Resultados: el 30.4% de los participantes evaluó BPHE como malas, el 20.2% regulares, el 32.4% buenas y el 16% excelentes. Mientras las BPHM fueron evaluadas malas en 26.3%, 28.3% regulares, 22.2% buenas y 22.9% excelentes. Conclusión: existe correlación positiva entre BPHE y BPHM; el consumidor estudiantil presta mayor atención al expendio de comida que al manejador de alimentos, pero para ambos casos el consumidor presta atención en los detalles de higiene.
Selection of Official and Unofficial Lemon Raw Material Suppliers (Case Study of Tasikmalaya City Branch Mixue)
Authors: Ibnu Rismayadi Muhammad Al-Gibran , Sarasi Vita
Published: July 2024

Mixue is one of the most popular contemporary drink brands in Indonesia. One of the important raw materials for Mixue is lemon. In Indonesia, there are two types of lemon raw material suppliers, namely imported suppliers and local suppliers. This research aims to examine and compare the use of lemon raw materials from official suppliers of PT. Zhisheng Pacific Trading (MIXUE) imports raw materials from local suppliers in the context of use by Mixue retail stores operating in the food and beverage sector. This research uses mixed methods between qualitative methods and quantitative methods. Data collection techniques in this research were observation, interviews and questionnaires. Mixue is one of the most popular contemporary drink brands in Indonesia. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that local suppliers are superior to most of the factors considered than official suppliers. There is positive interest from experts involved in research regarding the use of lemon raw materials from local suppliers. From this research, recommendations and suggestions were obtained to consider updating policies related to regulations on the use of raw materials from third parties by considering all the advantages possessed by local suppliers in various factors. The results of this research state that local suppliers are superior in price and logistics efficiency. Official suppliers offer stable and reliable product quality.
Integrating self-explanation and operational data for impasse detection in mathematical learning
Authors: Nakamoto Ryosuke , Flanagan Brendan , Dai Yiling , Yamauchi Taisei , Takami Kyosuke , Ogata Hiroaki
Published: July 2024

Self-explanation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in learning. Identifying learning impasses, which are significant educational challenges, is also crucial as they can lead to deeper learning experiences. This paper argues that integrating self-explanation with relevant datasets is essential for detecting learning impasses in online mathematics education. To test this idea, we created an evaluative framework using a rubric-based approach tailored for mathematical problem-solving. Our analysis combines various data types, including handwritten responses and digital self-explanations from 93 middle school students. Using hierarchical logistic regression, we examined feature groups such as Self-Explanation Quality, Handwriting Features, and Overall Level of Action. Models based solely on self-explanation achieved a 74.0% accuracy rate, while adding more features increased the final model’s accuracy to 80.06%. This improvement highlights the effectiveness of an integrated approach. The combined model, which merges generated handwriting features counts with self-explanation features, shows the importance of both qualitative and quantitative measures in identifying learning impasses. Our findings suggest that a comprehensive approach, leveraging detailed operational data and rich self-explanation content, can enhance the detection of learning challenges, providing insights for personalized education in online learning environments.
Reflecting on the Impact of Hybrid Work on an Academic Library Using the Socio-Ecological Model
Authors: Tagge Natalie , Martin Lisa , McGuinness Susan M.
Published: July 2024

Covid-19 led to a dramatic change in the academic library work environment, with many workers shifting to a hybrid work schedule once they returned to in person work. The authors describe the impact of this schedule shift through the novel use of the socio-ecological model. The socio-ecological model looks at the impact of choices through varying circles or levels. The authors discuss the individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels of impact that the switch to hybrid work had within their context and discuss their role as unit leaders and the decisions made to address these varying impacts.
Framing and othering the T20 group in Malaysia: An analysis of news articles from selected mainstream and independent news portals
Authors: Jinbeng Seach
Published: July 2024

Malaysian news portals often feature news related to the B40 group as they are considered the socially disadvantaged group. Conversely, the T20 group in Malaysia refers to 20% of the population earning the highest income which serves as the complete opposite of the B40 group. Primarily deemed as a privileged group, this study examines how the T20 group is unfairly framed and othered in the media by drawing upon Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s concepts of media framing and othering. The study examines the linguistic elements in selected articles that depict the T20 as “unaffected”, “undeserving”, and “unrealistic”. This negative portrayal is used to justify the implementation of broad economic policies, that exclude the T20 from government subsidy programmes and impose higher taxes on them. This demonstrates the power of language to evoke negative feelings and perceptions about a specific group, including those perceived as privileged in a society.
Stylistic analysis of election campaign visuals in the secure and intensely competitive constituencies of the 2021 Sarawak State Election
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia, Hussin Siti Haslina , Taibi Malia ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia, Ahmad Rizal Ammar Redza ,   Univeriti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
Published: July 2024

This study analysed election campaign visuals in the secure and intensely competitive constituencies of Kuching and Kota Samarahan during the 2021 Sarawak State Election. Using Crystal and Davy’s (1969) framework of stylistic analysis and Benoit’s (2017) functional theory of political campaign communication, 20 posters and 12 banners were analysed to examine their graphetic, typographical and textual features. Findings show that graphetically, the campaign visuals in secure constituencies often used images to acclaim past achievements while those in intensely competitive constituencies reflected the electorate’s dissatisfaction to attack. Typographically, the campaign visuals in the secure constituencies only used capitalisation whereas those in intensely competitive constituencies used capital letters, questions marks, and exclamation marks. Analysis of textual choices reveals the presence of explicit messages in phrasal form in the election posters and banners in both the secure and intensely competitive constituencies. Semantically, the ambiguous messages in the intensely competitive constituencies were personal, emotive, subjective, and ambiguous but those in secure constituencies were largely literal and declarative to reflect the confidence level of the political parties in winning the election based on their track record. The findings indicate that the intensity of the electoral fight is reflected in the visual and textual images of campaign visuals.
Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah pada SMA Unggul (Studi Multi Kasus pada SMA Negeri 1 Kuala Kapuas dan SMA Negeri 1 Basarang Kabupaten Kapuas)
Authors: Riyannie Desi , Suriansyah Ahmad , Wahyu Wahyu
Published: July 2024

Pendidikan berkualitas erat kaitannya dengan berbagai faktor diantaranya kepemimpinan berkualitas. Kepemimpinan berkualitas akan mewujudkan lembaga pendidikan yang berkualitas. Terdapat masalah umum, seperti banyak sekolah-sekolah yang belum unggul atau terakreditasi A dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang lemah, disebabkan antara lain karena kelemahan dalam sektor manajemen, keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, pola pikir primitif masyarakat tentang pentingnya pendidikan di masa depan, mutu proses pembelajaran dan prestasi yang masih rendah, kurangnya disiplin dan budaya positif, serta hubungan kemitraan dengan orang tua yang kurang erat. Dari sekian banyak sekolah-sekolah di kabupaten Kapuas, ada 2 sekolah unggul yaitu SMA Negeri 1 Kuala Kapuas dan SMA Negeri 1 Basarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tentang gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, model pemberdayaan guru dan strategi pengambilan keputusan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi.  Responden  penelitian  atau informan ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposif dan bersifat  snow-ball. Teknik analisis data menggunakan jenis studi multi kasus, model  Miles dan Huberman (2014).  Uji keabsahan data yaitu validasi internal, validasi eksternal, reliabilitas, dan obyektivitas. Hasil penelitian adalah SMA Negeri 1 Kuala Kapuas dan SMA Negeri 1 Basarang menunjukkan kategori kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang berbeda yaitu kasus 1 ditemukan gaya kepemimpinan demokratis dan model kepemimpinan situasional sedangkan kasus 2 ditemukan perpaduan gaya kepemimpinan otoriter, kharismatis dan demokratis dengan model kepemimpinan transformasional. Model pemberdayaan guru sudah dilakukan dan terus ditingkatkan melalui Platform Merdeka Mengajar (PMM) secara digitalisasi. Strategi pengambilan keputusan melalui forum rapat dewan guru berdasarkan musyawarah mufakat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disarankan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan seorang pemimpin harus tetap memiliki jiwa dan sifat humanis bagi tim maupun organisasi yang dipimpinnya. Optimalisasi pemberdayaan potensi guru untuk menjadi narasumber dan melakukan pengimbasan di sekolah masing-masing. Menggunakan beberapa model/strategi pengambilan keputusan lainnya seperti pendekatan analisis SWOT, model pengambilan keputusan rasional, model pengambilan keputusan pohon masalah, model pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan lapangan, dalam pemecahan masalah yang dihadapi untuk mencapai tujuan yang ingin dicapai.