bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Strange Fortunes of Two Excellent Princes and The Arbor of amorous Denises
Authors: Cutts John P.
Published: April 2006

Nicholas Breton, the self-avowed author of The Strange Fortunes and the attributed author of The Arbor, has received little tribute for his lyrical poetry, and until very recently only one instance of his having inspired a musician to set his poetry had been pointed out, namely ‘Phillida and Corydon’ from The Honorable Entertainmentgiuen to the Queene Majestie in Progresse, at Eluetham in Hampshire, by the Right Honorable the Earle of Hertford, 1591. It is the purpose of this brief article to bring to the notice of scholars the existence of settings of two other lyrics ascribed to Breton, settings which are fully worth recording for their musical value while affording the only other known texts of Breton lyrics with certain slight variants.
The ‘Spanish Chapel’ of Philip II
Authors: Pope Isabel
Published: April 2006

A document preserved in the Barbieri Collection at the National Library provides us with the following information concerning sums paid to the choir boys in the first third of 1561. No list appears in the ‘Roolos’ for that year.
The Royal Funeral in Renaissance France
Authors: Giesey Ralph E.
Published: April 2006

Ralph E. Giesey (Institute for Advanced Study) is at present revising for publication his doctoral dissertation entitled The Royal Funeral Ceremony in Renaissance France (University of California, 1954). Following is a summary of the study:

The funeral ceremony of the French kings during the Renaissance was compared by contemporary writers to that of the ancient Roman emperors, and modern historians have believed that the French were copying the Roman customs described by ancient historians. However, the history of French royal funerals from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries shows that the elaborate ceremonial which developed had its own rationale. Of primary importance was the rise of the abbey of Saint-Denis as the royal necropolis. In the thirteenth century it became the custom to display the body of the dead king during the funerary ceremony, which lasted only a few days, because the crude methods of embalming would not allow a longer display of the deceased.
Strode's Longer Elegy
Authors: Morris Harry
Published: April 2006

On Mistress Mary Prideaux: Epitaph 1-8Happy Grave, thou dost enshrineThat which makes thee a rich mine:Remember yet, ‘tis but a loane;And wee must have it back, Her owne,The very same; Marke mee, the same:Thou canst not cheat us with a lameDeformed Carcase; Shee was fayre,Fresh as Morning, sweete as Ayre.

Bishop Henry King and Canon William Strode seem to have been handled similarly by fate until 1921, when in his essay on the metaphysical poets T. S. Eliot stimulated poetic interest in King by admiring an extended ‘journey’ metaphor that took up only a small portion of ‘The Exequy’. I wonder if something can be done for Strode. In several ways these poets are alike, and for both, their finest work can be found in the elegy.
The Probable Source of 'Dead Man's Fortune’
Authors: Salerno Henry T.
Published: April 2006

Dead Man's Fortune, played around 1590 or earlier, survives only as a plot oudine of entrances of the various characters. Although the outline gives the appearance of a scenario of the commedia dell' arte with its indication of entrances and action and therefore would suggest the practice of improvised drama in England, upon comparison with any scenario of the commedia dell' arte, it proves to be inadequate as a story outline; the ordinary scenario is much more comprehensive in its indication of plot and action. Therefore, the outline was probably used as a stage reminder. Also the fact that no exits are indicated suggests that it was probably tacked up offstage somewhere near the entrances to help cue the actors.
A Note on Wyatt and Serafino D'Aquilano
Authors: Endicott Annabel M.
Published: April 2006

Among the poems edited by Professor Kenneth Muir from the Blage manuscript of early Tudor poetry there appears the following octave (XXXIX):

Thou slepest ffast; and I with woffull hartStand here alone, syghing, and cannot ffleye.Thou slepyst ffast, when crewell love his darteOn me dothe cast, Alas! so paynefullye.Thou slepyst fast, and I all ffull of smartTo the my fo in vayn do call and crye.And yet methinkes, thou that slepyst ffast,Thou dremyst styll whiche way my lyf to wast.

This poem had previously appeared as anonymous in Norman Ault's Elizabethan Lyrics, and Professor Muir does not definitely ascribe it to Wyatt, in spite of the evidence of the verse form. Wyatt was the only early Tudor poet who thoroughly explored the possibilities of the Italian ottava.
Les Chefs Indigènes au Mayombe. Hier. Aujourd'hui. Demain
Authors: de Cleene N.
Published: April 2006

Dans l'état présent de nos informations ethnographiques, deux migrations sont à considérer au Mayombe: celle des Basundi, à laquelle aurait succédé à une époque déjà plus rapprochée celle des Bakongo.

Les premiers seraient originaires de la région des Manianga. Leurs légendes non seulement parlent d'un roi Makoko qui aurait regné à Muembe-Tsundi, elles rappellent aussi que Matsundi Nzila, après avoir erré au nord de la Tshiloango, aurait conduit les émigrants Tsundi dans la partie septentrionale du Mayombe belge actuel, où il se serait établi à Nganda-Tsundi. De là certaines fractions du groupe auraient gagné la basse Lubuzi, d'autres plus nombreuses se seraient dirigées vers le sud-est de la région.
L'Arme et L'Outil chez les Anciens Bambara
Authors: Dieterlen Germaine
Published: April 2006

L'explication de l'apparition et du développement de l'arme et de l'outil est, chez les Bambara comme chez les autres peuples Noirs, contenue dans leur métaphysique. Ce n'est point ici le sujet que nous voulons traiter car il nous entraînerait à exposer le système du monde dans cette population. Mais encore faut-il faire allusion à son fondement pour ne pas réduire l'histoire de ces instruments à leur seul développement matériel, alors qu'encore aujourd'hui elle est tout imprégnée d'éléments religieux.
Neighbour manipulations in natural vegetation a review
Authors: Aarssen L. W. , Epp G. A.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. This paper reviews the literature on neighbour manipulation experiments on species intemctions in natural of semi‐natural vegetation. Three major approaches have been used: 1) introductions into vegetation, 2) trenching, and 3) vegetation removals. Some studies have used a combination of approaches, especially 1) and 3). The removal approach has been used most commonly and is given the greatest emphasis in this paper accordingly.

Details of over 50 such studies are summarized here, 48 of which have appeared within only the last two decades. We compare and contrast the experimental designs of these studies and examine their contributions to the understanding of species interactions in vegetation. Evidence for competition is virtually universal among these studies. Several studies have also detected evidence of beneficence between plant species. Numerous factors may confound interpretations in removal experiments including: life stage dependent species responses, species‐dependent timing and speed of response, inadequacy of controls due to temporal and/or spatial variability in site quality, indirect effects of treatment on soil moisture content or nutrient levels, or on the activities of predators or decomposers, and several constraints inherent in particular experimental designs. Another level of complexity arises as a consequence of several variables related to plant attributes that directly determine the nature of interactions between neighbours (e.g. relative competitive abilities, the magnitude of beneficial interactions, the extent to which neighbours make demands on the same resource units). These may interact in a complex manner to affect the response of a ‘target’ plant to the removal of neighbours. Recommendations for future studies are considered and a neighbourhood experimental design is proposed which enables analysis of the extent to which the fates of naturally established individuals following vegetation removal can be accounted for (in multiple regressions) by several variables that reflect different properties and circumstances of interaction with immediate Thiessen neighbours in the field.
The Face and its Parts in the Spanish Proverb and Metaphor
Authors: Lang Henry R.
Published: April 2006

Although much attention has been bestowed upon the Spanish proverb and idiomatic phrase from the ‘Centiloquio.’ of the Marquis of Santillana (first published 1496) down to Sbarbi's ’Refranero General Espaol’ (1878), this province of the Spanish language is still far from being thoroughly searched, and much interesting material may yet be brought to light.
Aspects Psycho-Sociologiques Du Chant Lapon
Authors: Delaporte Yves
Published: April 2006

Le chant lapon, ou juoigos, a donné lieu à un grand nombre de travaux, presque exclusivement scandinaves. Ces travaux portent surtout sur l'aspect musicologique, et sur le recensement des thèmes traités. Sans être entièrement absents de la littérature spécialisée, les aspects psychologiques et sociologiques du juoigos sont beaucoup moins connus. Les meilleurs observateurs nous ont laissé nombre de notations intéressantes sur ce sujet, mais elles restent très disparates. Le chercheur qui tenterait de rassembler ces observations pour en tirer un tableau général de la sociologie du juoigos risquerait fort d'aboutir à des conclusions erronées: en effet, il semble bien que cet aspect du juoigos soit soumis à des variations importantes, d'une communauté à l'autre. D'où le danger des généralisations, que l'on rencontre chez les auteurs les plus qualifiés. Widstrand, travaillant en collaboration avec Ruong, lui-même d'origine lapone, est par exemple dans l'erreur lorsqu'il écrit que chez les Lapons du nord, le juoigos est presque exclusivement réservé aux hommes (Widstrand 1961:74).
Origin and Construction of the Melodies in Baul Songs of Bengal
Authors: Kuckertz Josef
Published: April 2006

Thanks to several recent publications by Indian scholars, we are now much better informed about the life and the human-religious ideas of the Baul singers of Bengal. These descriptions are based on observations as well as on the statements that the Bauls themselves make in the texts of their songs. To shed some light upon the peculiarity of these “cultural and religious nomads,” a few remarks from the above-mentioned sources are repeated here as background.
GLP-1 Agonists for Obesity—A New Recipe for Success?
Authors: Mozaffarian Dariush
Published: February 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the drawbacks of using glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists to treat obesity and presents an alternative approach of initial, staged GLP-1 agonist treatment supported by long-term lifestyle programming, including medically appropriate groceries or meals (“Food Is Medicine”), to address the cost, health, and equity burdens of obesity.
Growth Hormone Mediators and Glycemic Control in Youths With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lu Chang , Wolfs Danielle , El ghormli Laure , Levitsky Lynne L. , Levitt Katz Lorraine E. , Laffel Lori M. , Patti Mary-Elizabeth , Isganaitis Elvira
Published: February 2024

Importance

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a more aggressive phenotype than adult-onset T2D, including rapid loss of glycemic control and increased complication risk.

Objective

To identify associations of growth hormone mediators with glycemic failure, beta cell function, and insulin sensitivity in youth-onset T2D.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This post hoc secondary analysis of the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) randomized clinical trial, which enrolled participants from July 2004 to February 2009, included 398 participants from 15 university-affiliated medical centers with available plasma samples from baseline and 36 months. Participants were youths aged 10 to 17 years with a duration of T2D of less than 2 years who were randomized to metformin, metformin plus lifestyle intervention, or metformin plus rosiglitazone. Participants were followed up for a mean (SD) of 3.9 (1.5) years during the trial, ending in 2011. Statistical analysis was performed from August 2022 to November 2023.

Exposure

Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), growth hormone receptor (GHR), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes were (1) loss of glycemic control during the TODAY study, defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 8% or more for 6 months or inability to wean from insulin therapy, and (2) baseline and 36-month measures of glycemia (fasting glucose, HbA1c), insulin sensitivity (1/fasting C-peptide), high-molecular-weight adiponectin, and beta cell function (C-peptide index, C-peptide oral disposition index).

Results

This analysis included 398 participants (mean [SD] age, 13.9 [2.0] years; 248 girls [62%]; 166 Hispanic participants [42%]; 134 non-Hispanic Black participants [34%], and 84 non-Hispanic White participants [21%]). A greater increase in IGF-1 level between baseline and 36 months was associated with lower odds of glycemic failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.995 [95% CI, 0.991-0.997]; P < .001) and higher C-peptide index per 100-ng/mL increase in IGF-1 (β [SE], 0.015 [0.003]; P < .001). A greater increase in log2 GHR level between baseline and 36 months was associated with higher odds of glycemic failure (OR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.05-2.99]; P = .04) and lower C-peptide index (β [SE], −0.02 [0.006]; P < .001). A greater increase in log2 IGFBP-1 level between baseline and 36 months was associated with higher odds of glycemic failure (OR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.09-1.74]; P = .007) and higher high-molecular-weight adiponectin (β [SE], 431 [156]; P = .007).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study suggests that changes in plasma growth hormone mediators are associated with loss of glycemic control in youth-onset T2D, with IGF-1 associated with lower risk and GHR and IGFBP-1 associated with increased risk.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00081328
Patient-Reported Quality of Life 6 Years After Breast Cancer
Authors: Franzoi Maria Alice , Di Meglio Antonio , Michiels Stefan , Gillanders Emma , Gaudin Catherine , Martin Anne Laure , Vaz-Luis Ines
Published: February 2024

This cohort study assesses quality-of-life trajectories up to 6 years after breast cancer diagnosis among individuals in France.
A Suspicious Pigmented Lesion of the Conjunctiva
Authors: Murillo Karla , Acuff Kaela , Scott Nathan L.
Published: February 2024

A 74-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer, now in remission, presented for evaluation of a conjunctival lesion of the right eye. What would you do next?
SiO2‑g‑Polyisoprene Particle Brush Reinforced Advanced Elastomer Nanocomposites Prepared via ARGET ATRP
Authors: Liu Yingxue , Wang Zongyu , Zhao Yuqi , Hou Guanyi , Jiang Ruifeng , Bockstaller Michael R. , Qin Xuan , Zhang Liqun , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

Nanoparticle reinforcement is a general approach toward the strengthening of elastomer nanocomposite in large‐scale applications. Extensive studies and efforts have been contributed to demonstrating the property reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites in relation to matrix‐filler and filler‐filler interaction. Here, a facile synthetic method is creatively reported to synthesize SiO2,15/120‐g‐polyisoprene (SiO2‐g‐PI) particle brushes using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The dispersion and microstructures of the nanoparticles in the nanocomposites are investigated by morphological characterizations, whereas the reinforcing mechanism is studied through mechanical measurements as well as computational simulation. Remarkably, compared with the cured bulk elastomers and matrix(M)/SiO2 blends, M/particle brushes (PB) exhibit significant improvement in mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elongation at break, modules, and rolling resistance. This elastomer nanocomposites afford a novel prospect for the practical application of next‐generation automobile tires with enhanced performance.
Superspreading‐Confined Assembly of Oriented 2D MOF Membranes for Biomimetic Cation‐Regulated Ion Transport
Authors: Qiu Ming , Zhu Zhongpeng , Wang Dianyu , Xu Zhe , Xia Fan , Jiang Lei , Tian Ye
Published: February 2024

Inspired by biological channels, metal‐organic framework (MOF) membranes with sub‐nanometer sized channels offer an ideal platform to construct high‐performance artificial nanofluidic system. However, fabricating long‐range ordered MOF membranes is still a significant challenge. Herein, a superspreading‐confined assembly method is developed to prepare large‐scale oriented 2D MOF (Zn‐TCPP (TCPP = meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine)) membranes. The superspreading of reactant liquid under oil phase to form liquid layer plays a critical role in membrane formation, which provides a dynamic confined space for layered assembly of Zn‐TCPP nanosheets. Accompanied with solvent diffusion, such liquid layer is completely converted into <001>‐oriented MOF membrane with controlled thickness. The prepared membrane exhibits distinct divalent cation (Mx2+)‐regulated ion transport behavior as that demonstrated in biological channels: K+ flux can be precisely adjusted by anchoring diverse Mx2+ ions to binding sites, which is appealing in designing high‐performance nanofluidic iontronics. Moreover, similar strategies can be employed to fabricate other MOF membranes (such as Hf‐BTB (BTB = 1,3,5‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene) and Ni‐TCPE (TCPE = tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)ethylene)), indicating the broad applicability of this method in 2D membrane fabrication.
Bio‐Functional Hydrogel Microspheres for Musculoskeletal Regeneration
Authors: Yang Jielai , Xia Pengfei , Meng Fanshu , Li Xingchen , Xu Xiangyang
Published: February 2024

The worldwide prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is expected to rise due to an accelerating aging population and increasing associated factors. Despite the high rate of disability induction, clinical options for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders remain limited. Hydrogel microspheres (HMSs), which are colloidal particles with crosslinked polymer networks at the nanometer scale, are characterized by excellent biocompatibility, easy‐to‐tune structures (e.g., stiffness, porosity, and composition), and high encapsulation efficiency of therapeutic agents (e.g., drugs and cells). At present, multiple techniques are utilized for the fabrication of HMSs and encapsulation of therapeutic agents. The HMSs can be produced and used in different states to match specific utilizations. These desirable properties, along with their injectability, bestow HMSs with mutifunctionalities that can be utilized for a variety of biomedical applications (e.g., delivery of biologics, tissue regeneration, and bio‐lubrication), and thus enable them to be promising tools for tackling a variety of clinical diseases. Herein, the focus is the fabrication and application of therapeutic HMSs for i) bone disorders, ii) cartilage and osteochondral disorders, iii) intervertebral disc (IVD) disorders, and iv) neurovascular disorders, with the aim of overviewing the recent progress to summarize key contributions and findings and highlight the limitations and opportunities in this field.
Observing Weak Interchain Coupling in 1D vdWs Ternary Mo6Se2I8 to Achieve Probe Exfoliation of Ultrathin Molecular Chains
Authors: Guan Yanchao , Ding Ye , Fang Yuqiang , Zhou Fei , Wang Jiapeng , Li Xinyu , Zhao Shouxin , Gao Bo , Xu Chengyan , Zhen Liang , Huang Fuqiang , Yang Lijun , Li Yang
Published: February 2024

van der Waals (vdWs) interchain coupling is a unique feature of 1D vdWs materials, where strong vdWs coupling in 1D vdWs materials leads to the thickness‐dependent physical properties, while weak vdWs coupling can preserve the single‐chain property even in their thick counterparts. Different from 2D vdWs materials, due to their nanoscale widths, identifying and producing ultrathin 1D molecular chains are challenging, severely limit their device applications. Thus, looking for novel 1D vdWs materials with weak interchain coupling is crucial. In this paper, the authors report that the 1D ternary vdWs material, Mo6Se2I8 with non‐centrosymmetric characteristic and strong optical anisotropy, exhibits weak interchain coupling. On one hand, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations theoretically demonstrate its thickness‐independent electronic structure, negligible interchain differential charge density, and weak cleavage energy as low as 0.256 J m−2. On the other hand, the thickness‐independent work function and low first‐order temperature coefficient of −0.0030 cm−1 K−1 further experimentally confirm its weak interchain coupling. Moreover, taking advantage of this weak vdWs coupling characteristic, the in situ exfoliation of the Mo6Se2I8 nanowires is achieved by using a nanoprobe in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), obtaining ultrathin molecular chains with a thickness of ≈1.2 nm.
A Biodegradable Supramolecular Adhesive with Robust Instant Wet Adhesion for Urgent Hemostasis and Wound Repair
Authors: Guo Hao , Zhang Wenjie , Jia Zhaoli , Wang Penghui , Shao Qing , Shen Haifeng , Li Jialing , Chen Qiang , Chi Bo
Published: February 2024

Surgical adhesives are crucial for achieving rapid hemostasis and immediate wound management during clinical interventions. However, developing a tissue adhesive that combines instant adhesive strength with biodegradability in dynamic, wet, or hemorrhagic biological environments remains a persistent challenge. Here, a biodegradable supramolecular tissue adhesive with robust instant adhesion to wet tissue surfaces within 5 s is presented. The distinctive synergy of surface‐rich adhesive groups and the hydrophobic main chain enables the adhesive to surmount the hydration layer on the tissue surface, ensuring rapid adhesion. Importantly, the internal structure of this supramolecular adhesive significantly contributes to its exceptional holding adhesion strength. Additionally, in vivo experiments using a rat liver incision model and a skin injury model are conducted. These experiments demonstrate its effectiveness in emergency hemostasis and wound management. Consequently, this supramolecular tissue adhesive exhibits significant potential in surgical applications, addressing critical needs in urgent clinical scenarios and potentially making valuable contributions to the medical field.
Antigen Presenting Cell Mimetic Lipid Nanoparticles for Rapid mRNA CAR T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Metzloff Ann E. , Padilla Marshall S. , Gong Ningqiang , Billingsley Margaret M. , Han Xuexiang , Merolle Maria , Mai David , Figueroa‐Espada Christian G. , Thatte Ajay S. , Haley Rebecca M. , Mukalel Alvin J. , Hamilton Alex G. , Alameh Mohamad‐Gabriel , Weissman Drew , Sheppard Neil C. , June Carl H. , Mitchell Michael J.
Published: February 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, producing these bespoke cancer‐killing cells is a complicated ex vivo process involving leukapheresis, artificial T cell activation, and CAR construct introduction. The activation step requires the engagement of CD3/TCR and CD28 and is vital for T cell transfection and differentiation. Though antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) facilitate activation in vivo, ex vivo activation relies on antibodies against CD3 and CD28 conjugated to magnetic beads. While effective, this artificial activation adds to the complexity of CAR T cell production as the beads must be removed prior to clinical implementation. To overcome this challenge, this work develops activating lipid nanoparticles (aLNPs) that mimic APCs to combine the activation of magnetic beads and the transfection capabilities of LNPs. It is shown that aLNPs enable one‐step activation and transfection of primary human T cells with the resulting mRNA CAR T cells reducing tumor burden in a murine xenograft model, validating aLNPs as a promising platform for the rapid production of mRNA CAR T cells.
DIW 3D Printing Aligned Catkins to Access Significant Enhanced Responsive Ionogel
Authors: Cao Pengrui , Yang Jing , Gong Junhui , Tao Liming , Wang Tingmei , Pei Xianqiang , Wang Qihua , Zhang Yaoming
Published: February 2024

Although stimuli‐responsive gels have received significant attention due to their flexible structure and high tolerance to various stimuli, the high solvent content leads to relatively low mechanical properties and instability in performance due to water evaporation. This limits their application to some extent. Here, catkins enhanced ionogel is crafted that prevents solvent vaporization‐induced properties from abating yet remains humidity responsiveness. By using direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing, the catkins can be aligned within the ionogel, resulting in a significant increase in ionic conductivity (0.17 S·cm−1) and mechanical properties (4.75 times). Moreover, the environment stability (−50–150 °C) and hygroscopicity of the ionic liquid (IL) allow the 3D‐printed composite to perform a controllable lubrication behavior in response to changes in humidity and temperature. This work demonstrates the significant enhancement of responsive ionogels through DIW 3D printing with aligned catkins and presents a new strategy for achieving the lubricating regulation.
Organophotocatalytic Carbamoylation of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Carbonates
Authors: Marchini Lucas , Vélez Jeimy A. C. , Andre Elias , Correia Jose Tiago M. , Moura Sidnei , Paixão Márcio W.
Published: February 2024

Herein, we demonstrate that carbamoyl radicals generated through an organophotocatalytic protocol from 4‐carbamoyl‐dihydropyridines (carbamoyl‐DHPs) can be incorporated into Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) carbonates, affording a range of polyfunctionalized scaffolds with yields ranging from 63–98%. Reaction monitoring experiments, scale‐up, reuse of the organophotocatalyst, and the hydrogenation of the succinamic ester's alkene moiety was also conducted, in order to showcase the mechanistic features and the robustness of this photochemical protocol.
Dual LiF/LiCl‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphases with Robust and Li+‐conductive Characteristics for 4.8 V Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Huaping , Liu Jiandong , Jiang Gaoxue , Huang Junda , Wu Daxiong , Yang Gaojing , Ma Jianmin
Published: February 2024

Lithium metal batteries, which are constructed by lithium‐rich manganese‐based oxide (LRMO) cathode and Li metal anode, have attracted intensive attention due to its high energy density. However, the instability of both cathode and anode limits the practical application due to undesirable electrolyte decomposition at high voltage. To address these issues, an electrolyte engineering strategy is proposed for constructing robust, highly Li+‐conductive solid electrolyte interphases on both cathode and anode with chlorobenzene as the additive. Due to the high mechanical stability and interface dynamics of the LiCl‐endorsed, LiF‐rich cathode electrolyte interphase, both the electrolyte decomposition and transition metal ion dissolution are effectively inhibited. Meanwhile, robust LiF/LiCl‐rich solid electrolyte interphase can effectively repress the overgrowth of Li dendrites. The Li||LRMO battery with optimized 2.0 wt.% chlorobenzene demonstrates a high‐capacity retention of 86.1% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C.
Effect of ultra‐early, early, and normal soybean planting dates and rye cover crop on soybean grain yield
Authors: Kannberg Seth , Lindsey Alexander J. , Chiavegato Marília B. , Lindsey Laura E.
Published: February 2024

With changes to climate and crop insurance, earlier soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting dates need to be investigated. Additionally, the use of a cover crop prior to soybean is promoted as a sustainable practice though little is known about cover crop and ultra‐early soybean planting (prior to April 15). The objective was to evaluate soybean planting date and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop termination timing on cover crop biomass, soybean plant population, and yield. The study was conducted in Northeast and West Central Ohio in 2021 and 2022. Treatments included three soybean planting dates (early April, late April, and late May) and three cover crop treatments (termination 1–2 weeks prior to planting or “early,” termination at or after planting or “late,” and no cover crop). Cover crop biomass increased as termination was delayed. Soybean planted in early April resulted in a yield reduction of 1.8 Mg ha−1 when planted into a cover crop compared to the no cover crop control. However, when soybean was planted in late April, grain yield was not different among cover crop treatments. Yield reduction associated with early April planting with a cover crop was likely due to low soybean plant population, especially in Northeast Ohio, where plant population was <55,000 plants ha−1 with a cover crop and >120,000 plants ha−1 without a cover crop. To maximize yield, soybean should be planted by the end of April in Northeast Ohio. In West Central Ohio, soybean can be planted in early April without a cover crop.
Intestinal microbiota composition and efficacy of iron supplementation in Peruvian children
Authors: Dorsey Achsah F. , Roach Jeff , Burten Rachel B. , Azcarate‐Peril M. Andrea , Thompson Amanda L.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Despite repeated public health interventions, anemia prevalence among children remains a concern. We use an evolutionary medicine perspective to examine the intestinal microbiome as a pathway underlying the efficacy of iron‐sulfate treatment. This study explores whether gut microbiota composition differs between anemic children who respond and do not respond to treatment at baseline and posttreatment and if specific microbiota taxa remain associated with response to iron supplementation after controlling for relevant inflammatory and pathogenic variables.

Methods

Data come from 49 pre‐school‐aged anemic children living in San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Peru. We tested for differences in alpha and beta diversity using QIIME 2 and performed differential abundance testing in DESeq2 in R. We ran multivariate regression models to assess associations between abundance of specific taxa and response while controlling for relevant variables in Stata 17.

Results

While we found no evidence for gut microbiota diversity associated with child response to iron treatment, we observed several differential abundance patterns between responders and non‐responders at both timepoints. Additionally, we present support for a nonzero relationship between lower relative abundance of Barnesiellaceae and response to iron supplementation in samples collected before and after treatment.

Conclusion

While larger studies and more specific approaches are needed to understand the relationship between microbes and anemia in an epidemiological context, this study suggests that investigating nutritional status and pathogen exposure is key to better understanding the gut microbiome and impact of iron fortification.
Synthese an der Wasseroberfläche von Vinylen‐Verbundenen Kationischen Zwei‐Dimensionalen Polymerfilmen als Beschichtung für Anion‐Selektive Elektroden
Authors: Yang Ye , Sabaghi Davood , Liu Chang , Dianat Arezoo , Mücke David , Qi Haoyuan , Liu Yannan , Hambsch Mike , Xu Zhi‐Kang , Yu Minghao , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Kaiser Ute , Dong Renhao , Wang Zhiyong , Feng Xinliang
Published: February 2024

Vinylen verbrückte zwei‐dimensionale Polymere (V‐2DPs) und deren schichtgestapelten kovalent organische Gerüstverbindungen (V‐2D COFs) zeichnen sich durch ihre hohe π‐Konjugation in der Ebene und ihre robuste Struktur als vielversprechnende Kanidaten für energiebezogene Anwendungen aus. Allerdings sind derzeitige syntheisische Ansätze auf die Herstellung von V‐2D COF Pulver beschränkt, welche schlecht prozessierbar sind, was die Integration in Geräte, insbesondere für Membranthechnologien, welche auf dünnen Filmen beruhen erschwert. Im folgenden berichten wir über die neu‐artige Synthese von kationischen 2DPs‐Filmen an der Wasseroberfläche, die über Vinyleneinheiten verbrückt sind (V‐C2DP‐1 und V‐C2DP‐2) mittels Knoevenagel‐Polykondensation, diese dienen als anionenselektive Elektrodenbeschichtung für hochreversible und langlebige Zink‐basierte Dual‐Ionen‐Batterien (ZDIBs). Modellreaktionen und theoretische Modellierung zeigen eine erhöte Reaktivität und Reversibilität der Knoevenagel‐Reaktion an der Wasseroberfläche an. Basierend darauf zeigten wir die 2D Polykondensation hin zu V‐C2DP‐Filmen an der Wasseroberfläche, welche eine weitreichen‐de laterale Größe, anpassbare Dicke und hohe chemischer Stabilität besitzen. Repräsentativ zeigt sich V‐C2DP‐1 als ein vollständig crystalliner und flächen‐orientierter Film mit den in der Ebene liegenden Gitterparametern von a=b≈43.3 Å. Dank der gut definierten katinoischen Funktionalitäten, orientierten 1D‐Kanälen und des sabilen Gerüstes besitzt der V‐C2DP‐1 Film eine herausragende Transportselektivität von Bis(trifluormethansulfon)imid‐anion (TFSI−) (Transferrate, t =0.85) für die Graphitkathode in Hochspannungs‐ZDIBs. Die hohe Selektivität führt zu zusätzlichen TFSI−‐Intercalationsstufen wodurch eine höhere spezifischen Kapazität (von ~83 bis 124 mAh g−1), sowie Zyklusdauer (>1000 Zyklen, 95 % Kapazitätserhaltung) gefördert wird.
Palladium (II)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation with Bifunctional Ligands: From Curiosity to Industrialization
Authors: Wu Kevin , Lam Nelson , Strassfeld Daniel A. , Fan Zhoulong , Qiao Jennifer X. , Liu Tao , Stamos Dean , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: February 2024

In 2001, our curiosity to understand the stereochemistry of C−H metalation with Pd prompted our first studies in Pd(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric C−H activation (RSC Research appointment: 020 7451 2545, Grant: RG 36873, Dec. 2002). We identified four central challenges: 1. poor reactivity of simple Pd salts with native substrates; 2. few strategies to control site selectivity for remote C−H bonds; 3. the lack of chiral catalysts to achieve enantioselectivity via asymmetric C−H metalation, and 4. low practicality due to limited coupling partner scope and the use of specialized oxidants. These challenges necessitated new strategies in catalyst and reaction development. For reactivity, we developed approaches to enhance substrate–catalyst affinity together with novel bifunctional ligands which participate in and accelerate the C−H cleavage step. For site‐selectivity, we introduced the concept of systematically modulating the distance and geometry between a directing template, catalyst, and substrate to selectively access remote C−H bonds. For enantioselectivity, we devised predictable stereomodels for catalyst‐controlled enantioselective C−H activation based on the participation of bifunctional ligands. Finally, for practicality, we have developed varied catalytic manifolds for Pd(II) to accommodate diverse coupling partners while employing practical oxidants such as simple peroxides. These advances have culminated in numerous C−H activation reactions, setting the stage for broad industrial applications.
Peptide‐Directed Attachment of Hydroxylamines to Specific Lysines of IgG Antibodies for Bioconjugations with Acylboronates
Authors: Tanriver Matthias , Müller Marco , Levasseur Mikail D. , Richards Daniel , Majima Sohei , DeMello Andrew , Yamauchi Yohei , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: February 2024

The role of monoclonal antibodies as vehicles to deliver payloads has evolved as a powerful tool in cancer therapy in recent years. The clinical development of therapeutic antibody conjugates with precise payloads holds great promise for targeted therapeutic interventions. The use of affinity‐peptide mediated functionalization of native off‐the‐shelf antibodies offers an effective approach to selectively modify IgG antibodies with a drug–antibody ratio (DAR) of 2. Here, we report the traceless, peptide‐directed attachment of two hydroxylamines to native IgGs followed by chemoselective potassium acyltrifluoroborate (KAT) ligation with quinolinium acyltrifluoroborates (QATs), which provide enhanced ligation rates with hydroxylamines under physiological conditions. By applying KAT ligation to the modified antibodies, conjugation of small molecules, proteins, and oligonucleotides to off‐the‐shelf IgGs proceeds efficiently, in good yields, and with simultaneous cleavage of the affinity peptide‐directing moiety.
Bio‐inspired Two‐dimensional Nanofluidic Ionic Transistor for Neuromorphic Signal Processing
Authors: Mei Tingting , Liu Wenchao , Sun Fusai , Chen Yuanxia , Xu Guoheng , Huang Zijia , Jiang Yisha , Wang Senyao , Chen Lu , Liu Junjun , Fan Fengtao , Xiao Kai
Published: February 2024

Voltage‐gated ion channels prevalent in neurons play important roles in generating action potential and information transmission by responding to transmembrane potential. Fabricating bio‐inspired ionic transistors with ions as charge carriers will be crucial for realizing neuro‐inspired devices and brain‐liking computing. Here, we reported a two‐dimensional nanofluidic ionic transistor based on a MXene membrane with sub‐1 nm interlayer channels. By applying a gating voltage on the MXene nanofluidic, a transmembrane potential will be generated to active the ionic transistor, which is similar to the transmembrane potential of neuron cells and can be effectively regulated by changing membrane parameters, e.g., thickness, composition, and interlayer spacing. For the symmetric MXene nanofluidic, a high on/off ratio of ~2000 can be achieved by forming an ionic depletion or accumulation zone, contingent on the sign of the gating potential. An asymmetric PET/MXene‐composited nanofluidic transitioned the ionic transistor from ambipolar to unipolar, resulting in a more sensitive gate voltage characteristic with a low subthreshold swing of 560 mV/decade. Furthermore, ionic logic gate circuits, including the “NOT”, “NAND”, and “NOR” gate, were implemented for neuromorphic signal processing successfully, which provides a promising pathway towards highly parallel, low energy consumption, and ion‐based brain‐like computing.
Cyclic Amine Synthesis via Catalytic Radical‐Polar Crossover Cycloadditions
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Shu‐Sheng , Li Kai‐Dian , Huang Huan‐Ming
Published: February 2024

The rapid assembly of valuable cyclic amine architectures in a single step from simple precursors has been recognized as an ideal platform in term of efficiency and sustainability. Although a vast number of studies regarding cyclic amine synthesis has been reported, new synthetic disconnection approaches are still high in demand. Herein, we report a catalytic radical‐polar crossover cycloaddition to cyclic amine synthesis triggered from primary sulfonamide under photoredox condition. This newly developed disconnection, comparable to established synthetic approaches, will allow to construct β, β‐disubstituted cyclic amine and β‐monosubstituted cyclic amine derivatives efficiently. This study highlights the unique utility of primary sulfonamide as a bifunctional reagent, which acts as a radical precursor and a nucleophile. The open‐shell methodology demonstrates broad tolerance to various functional groups, drug derivatives and natural products in an economically and sustainable fashion.
High‐Throughput Host–Microbe Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Ferroptosis‐Associated Heterogeneity during Acinetobacter baumannii Infection
Authors: Meng Hongen , Zhang Tianyu , Wang Zhang , Zhu Yuyi , Yu Yingying , Chen Hangfei , Chen Jiaye , Wang Fudi , Yu Yunsong , Hua Xiaoting , Wang Yongcheng
Published: February 2024

Interactions between host and bacterial cells are integral to human physiology. The complexity of host–microbe interactions extends to different cell types, spatial aspects, and phenotypic heterogeneity, requiring high‐resolution approaches to capture their full complexity. The latest breakthroughs in single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) have opened up a new era of studies in host–pathogen interactions. Here, we first report a high‐throughput cross‐species dual scRNA‐seq technology by using random primers to simultaneously capture both eukaryotic and bacterial RNAs (scRandom‐seq). Using reference cells, scRandom‐seq can detect individual eukaryotic and bacterial cells with high throughput and high specificity. Acinetobacter baumannii (A.b) is a highly opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen that displays resistance to many antibiotics, posing a significant threat to human health, calling for discoveries and treatment. In the A.b infection model, scRandom‐seq witnessed polarization of THP‐1 derived‐macrophages and the intracellular A.b‐induced ferroptosis‐stress in host cells. The inhibition of ferroptosis by Ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) resulted in the improvement of cell vitality and resistance to A.b infection, indicating the potential to resist related infections. scRandom‐seq provides a high‐throughput cross‐species dual single‐cell RNA profiling tool that will facilitate future discoveries in unraveling the complex interactions of host–microbe interactions in infection systems and tumor micro‐environments.
Cancer Cell‐Selective PD‐L1 Inhibition via a DNA Safety Catch to Enhance Immunotherapy Specificity
Authors: Bi Shiyi , Chen Wei , Fang Yanyun , Shen Jieyu , Zhang Qing , Guo Hongqian , Ju Huangxian , Liu Ying
Published: February 2024

Immune checkpoint protein blockade (ICB) has emerged as a powerful immunotherapy approach, but suppressing immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) for noncancerous cells and normal tissues remains challenging. Activatable ICB has been developed with tumor microenvironment highly‐expressed molecules as stimuli, but they still lack precision and efficiency considering the diffusion of stimuli molecules in whole tumor tissue. Here we assemble PD−L1 with a duplex DNA strand, termed as “safety catch”, to regulate its accessibility for ICB. The safety catch remains at “on” status for noncancerous cells to prevent ICB binding to PD−L1. Cancer cell membrane protein c‐Met acts as a trigger protein to react with safety catch, which selectively exposes its hybridization region for ICB reagent. The ICB reagent is a retractable DNA nanostring with repeating hairpin‐structural units, whose contraction drives PD−L1 clustering with endocytosis‐guided degradation. The safety catch, even remained at “safety on” status, is removed from the cell membrane via a DNA strand displacement reaction to minimize its influence on noncancerous cells. This strategy demonstrates selective and potent immunotherapeutic capabilities only against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and shows effective suppression of irAEs in normal tissues, therefore would become a promising approach for precise immunotherapy in mice.
High‐temperature resistant copolymer oil well cement retarder: Synthesis, assessment of performance, and mechanism of retardation
Authors: Bian Jifa , Ye Zhongbin , Zheng Xuecheng , Deng Chengwen , Tang Lei
Published: February 2024

This work used aqueous solution free radical polymerization to create polymers of 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid, itaconic acid, and allyl polyoxyethylene ether as a high‐temperature resistant retarder (APMS/IA/APEG, from now on referred to as AIA). Gel permeation chromatography, fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TG) were used to characterize their molecular structure and characteristics. Tests were conducted on the thickening time, rheological characteristics, and compressive strength of AIA in cement slurries. The cement slurry thickened for 276 min at 180°C during the test, and the cement stone's 24‐h compressive strength was consistently more than 20 MPa. The hydration products were analyzed using x‐ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy methods, which were then coupled with molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the AIA retarding mechanism. When AIA is added to a cement slurry, it forms a chelate structure with Ca2+ and a strong adsorption layer on the surfaces of the cement particles. This stops the cement from hydrating. The AIA side chain, APEG, can wrap the active group in AIA at low temperatures. AIA exposes more adsorption groups because of the APEG chains stretching at higher temperatures. AIA can, therefore, be used for deep well operations at high temperatures.
Analyzing the interactions and miscibility of silk fibroin/mucin blends
Authors: Lopes Laise Maia , Ottaiano Gabriel Yoshiaki , de Souza Guedes Luciana , de Moraes Mariana Agostini , Beppu Marisa Masumi
Published: February 2024

Mucin, a glycoprotein with viscoelastic properties, and silk fibroin, a protein excreted from silkworms with properties of thermal and mechanical resistance, have been probed as building blocks in the design of biomaterials. Aiming to evaluate the interaction and miscibility between mucin and fibroin, we synthesized silk fibroin and mucin (SF/MU) blends for biomedical applications. The morphological analysis of the SF/MU blends showed the presence of two phases, suggesting a partial miscibility between the polymers. The degradation temperature of the SF/MU blends increased with an increase in the silk fibroin content, indicating that silk fibroin contributed to the thermal stability of the blends. The glass transition temperature of the SF/MU blends lay between the values of the pure polymers. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy results pointed out that the interaction between fibroin and mucin occurred between the amine group of silk fibroin and mucin carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The outcomes of this work provided essential information on the miscibility of the SF/MU blends. These findings will be critical for further studies with fibroin and mucin‐based biomaterials, especially in mucoadhesive systems and wound healing applications.
Thermally expandable microspheres based on fully or partially bio‐based polymers
Authors: Mousa Maryam , Jonsson Magnus , Granbom Linn , Larsson Kron Anna , Malmström Eva
Published: February 2024

Bio‐based or partially bio‐based thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) were synthesized by suspension (co)polymerization of the bio‐based monomer α‐methylene‐γ‐valerolactone (MeMBL) together with acrylonitrile and/or methyl methacrylate to form expandable core/shell particles by encapsulating a hydrocarbon‐based blowing agent. The core/shell polymers were characterized with respect to their chemical structure, thermal expansion, and morphology. The obtained particles, TEMs, showed an increasing onset expansion temperature with increasing content of MeMBL owing to the high glass transition temperature of PMeMBL. As a result, bio‐based/partially bio‐based TEMs are achieved with high thermal stability and expansion properties which can be tailored for various applications.