bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dossier : Le groupe des Dix, des précurseurs de l'interdisciplinarité – Biology and complexity: Edgar Morin and Henri Atlan
Authors: Marks John
Published: August 2019

This article considers the important contribution made by Edgar Morin and Henri Atlan – both members of the Groupe des Dix – to the theorisation of life and information. They have both played a major role in challenging the dominant determinist, mechanistic paradigm of molecular biology that emerged in the 1960s, and which has continued to influence thinking on biology up to the present day. The article will show how they explored key concepts, such as the principle of order from noise, in order to reorient thinking on life and information in terms of a new paradigm of complexity that stood as a radical challenge to the determinist paradigm. A key insight in this respect was the relationship between life, information and meaning.
Regards interdisciplinaires pour une meilleure adaptation territoriale aux changements climatiques
Authors: De Godoy Leski Charles , Gaillard Mélanie , Sierra Mara , Simonet Guillaume , Bosboeuf Pascale
Published: August 2019

Un colloque réunissant chercheurs en sciences sociales et naturelles, agents territoriaux et élus de la région Nouvelle-Aquitaine s’est intéressé à l’articulation des sciences et des sociétés dans le défi de l’adaptation des changements climatiques. Des expérimentations locales et des avancées de la recherche ont été présentées et des différents points de vue ont été partagés. De jeunes chercheurs ont discuté de la nouvelle place des scientifiques dans l’action climatique et de la vision anthropocentrée, de la dimension économique de l’adaptation et des verrous à la prise de décision. La nécessité de structurer des espaces d’échanges entre acteurs territoriaux, de créer un langage commun, de tenir compte du vivant et de la dimension socioculturelle a émergé de cette rencontre, visant à renforcer les moyens de l’efficience des stratégies d’adaptation territoriales.
Psychological, physiological, and phenomenological effects of colored light
Authors: Scott Jennifer , Theodorson Judy
Published: August 2019

This research explores colored light from historical, scientific, and technological vantage points. Effects of colored light on the human condition are examined on multiple levels, comparing theories in physiological, psychological, and phenomenological areas of study, addressed across a broad scope of literature. The focus of this research is to gain an understanding of the effects of colored light on the human condition, and how designing with it can provide an engaging phenomenological experience which marries centuries’ old design techniques with modern technological innovations. The stages of research include a literature review, followed by a series of creative explorations with light, texture and form through small-scale models. Data gathered is then analyzed, categorized, and used to create a taxonomy for designing with colored light. Research is then explored on a larger scale through a pilot study conducted in a 5’ x 9’ room designed to create an experience of being bathed in colored light with user-controlled variability. Each research method may then be used to inform the design of interior environments, affecting the participant’s physiological, psychological, and phenomenological experiences.
Augmenting Psychological Restorativeness towards Immersive Design of Underwater Ambiance
Authors: Ozger Nermin Sena , Turhan Gözde Damla , Varinlioglu Guzden
Published: August 2019

Discussions of the relationship between humanity and built environment usually focus on the human’s relationships with the earth’s surface. Less attention has been given to underwater environments, a relatively underexplored research area at the intersection of user experience design and psychology. This paper shows the initial findings of experiments on divers, which can guide the design of augmented reality tools for underwater environment. The comparative evaluation process demonstrates an increase in psychological restorativeness of users in relation to ambiance design, indicating a difference between a specifically designed environment and a naturally vacant area for first time divers. Future studies will explore immersive design of underwater ambiance through augmented reality tools, proposed as a product design and framework, in order to improve psychological restorativeness.
Envisioning Ambiances of the Past
Authors: Varinlioglu Guzden , Halici Suheyla Muge
Published: August 2019

Outdoor museums of archaeological excavations function as sites of both scientific research and public display. Often, long-term archaeological research means postponing the preparation of the site for visitors. This paper focuses on digital tools for the representation of architectural reconstructions, i.e. possibilities for representing a range of hypotheses regarding the past ambiances of the ancient city. It proposes an augmented immersive revisit of the cultural heritage through mobile devices. Based on mobile phones’ current technical capacities, which enables rendering of 3D content combined with camera input, we developed the proposed mobile AR application for mobile Android devices. TeosAR offers a real-time, in-situ 3D depiction and visualization of architectural artifacts of the ancient city implementing model-based tracking methods.
A Missing Link: Thinking | making | presenting
Authors: Karimi Zamila , Uddin M Saleh
Published: August 2019

Let whoever may have attained to so much as to have the power of drawing know that he holds a great treasure ... Michelangelo

The tradition of architectural drawings and making as a means of design thinking in a constant feedback loop results in discoveries that facilitate creative thinking in an iterative process. In the digital age, notion of drawing and making by hand as a cognitive process of thinking is fading. This trend is increasingly evident in upper-level architecture students who depend strictly on digital tools for design thinking, missing many critical decisionmaking steps. Concepts of scale, diagramming, composition, materiality are missing − part of the challenge is the computer screen and the lack of tactical autonomy with physical materials − pen, pencil, brush, architectural scale, materiality, construction, assemblage. How can we as educators assert that drawings are not just architectural representations, but a means to architectural inquiry? Why is it critical for our students to use hand drawings, sketching and diagramming when exploring ideas? Can small gestural models provide notions of scale, materiality, and construction? Teaching pedagogy has always engaged new modes of design thinking and communications as a way of design inquiry − a trait essential to architects. Historically, since the Renaissance, drawings have been the catalyst to advance architectural discourse. In the 20th century, different movements such as De Stijl, Constructivism and Bauhaus used a multi-disciplinary approach combining art and technology through the lens of drawing and making that led to a new wave of design pedagogy to push their imaginations into new territories which the digital augmented as technology advanced. We believe that today’s students need to continue to develop both hand and digital skills in tandem to optimize design thinking, making and presentation techniques. In doing so, they can advance architectural pedagogy to new heights as those before did; critically in a material and physical sense: as an embodied spatial experience.
The space-time cube as an effective way of representing and analysing the streetscape along a pedestrian route in an urban environment
Authors: Leduc Thomas , Tourre Vincent , Servières Myriam
Published: August 2019

. The graphical representation of a complex polygonal object, such as an isovist field (i.e. a 2D isovist in its evolution over time along a pedestrian path in an urban environment) is a hard research issue that was stated in the late 1970s by Benedikt [1]. The generalized space-time cube from Bach and al. [2] is a conceptual framework allowing to propose innovative implementations for the analysis and the display of this complex object. The purpose of this article is to situate, within this formal framework, all the graphical representation solutions that have already been developed for isovist fields. It also aims to identify the problems raised by each of these solutions (spatial anchoring, arbitrary sampling, etc.) and to propose related solutions.
A Performative understanding of spatial design, learning from exhibitions
Authors: Kassem Ayman
Published: August 2019

The terms ‘Performative’ and ‘Performance’ are more and more emerging in the spatial design discourses, from exhibition, to interior, arriving to urban design. These notions are not clearly defined yet. They are characterized by a semantic width and multiple applicative possibilities. Between the different interpretations and uses of ‘performance’ and ‘performative’ in architectural discourses, this paper will focus on two main dimensions of a particular importance: The first refers to the concepts of the scenic, the narrative, and the theatrical qualities in architecture. The second relates to the ‘event-character’ of spatial interventions, and the relation between event, and soft intervention, which tackles the concept of the ‘transformative power of the performative’, which indicates to the capacity of architecture to activate spaces and processes.
Issues of wind mode visualization and pedestrian comfort assessment when designing residential buildings on sloping territories in the Arctic zone
Authors: Dunichkin Ilya V. , Naboni Emanuele , Korobeinikova Anna E. , Poddaeva Olga I.
Published: August 2019

Subject of research: visualization of the wind regime of residential buildings on the slope area in the Arctic. Goals: the purpose of the study is to identify the problems of visualization of the wind regime on the slopes and the analysis of patterns of airflow around the sloping territories, affecting the comfort of pedestrians. Materials and methods: airflow patterns of slope areas with different characteristics and comfort assessment for humans are analyzed in the course of work. Geotechnical methods are presented in solving the problems of wind erosion and the stability of hillsides and complex terrain within the city limits. Results: The importance and novelty of the research in studying the relationship of slope geometry and environmental quality, as a decrease in comfort inevitably leads to a decrease in the development of nearby urban areas in settlements on the coast of the Arctic Ocean, problems with climate and local climate, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of people. The article considers the relationship of plastic relief with the aeration regime of the territory, the dependence of aerodynamic roughness on their height, features of aeration of the slope and hilly terrain, factors affecting the direction and speed of the wind and methods for studying the aeration regime of slope areas. Findings: The possibilities of applying existing approaches to research and visualization for slope areas are demonstrated. The direction of development of the technique for visualization of slope areas has been determined.
Visual effects of colors on façades during rain
Authors: Kumazawa Takayuki
Published: August 2019

In this study, rain would be regarded as an important factor in landscape color planning, and the visual effects and impressions of colors on façades during rainfall were focused. Verification experiments in which the authors produced a rain simulation device that can control rainfall and illuminance were conducted. Experiments were conducted based on an experimental design with four factors of hue (5R / 5Y / 5G / 5PB), Chroma, lightness, and rainfall. In the rainfall simulation experiment, the visual effects of the color based on visual colorimetry were evaluated, and impression evaluations were extracted. As results, this study presented our findings about the relationship between rainfall and the visual effects and impressions of color, and determined that there are differences in the evaluation depending on the Hue and the amount of rainfall. In landscape color planning, considering the influence of rainfall is important for a fascinating landscape. This study will show basic important references of such new landscape color planning.
Aneurysma-Clipping
Authors: Gramlich Simone , Wittmann Nadja
Published: August 2019

Aneurysmen können durch minimalinvasive Verfahren (wie zum Beispiel dem Coilling)
versorgt werden oder offen, mikrochirurgisch durch das Clipping. Diese Operation
erfordert ein gut eingespieltes Team, das während des kompletten Eingriffs
hochkonzentriert arbeiten muss, um im Falle einer Ruptur schnell handeln zu
können und damit ein gutes Outcome für den Patienten sicherzustellen.
Palladium-Catalyzed One-Pot Stereospecific Synthesis of 2-Deoxy Aryl C-Glycosides from Glycals and Anilines in the Presence of tert-Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Singh Adesh Kumar , Venkatesh Rapelly , Kandasamy Jeyakumar
Published: August 2019

The palladium-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 2,3-deoxy-3-keto aryl C-glycosides is achieved from glycals and anilines in the presence of tert-butyl nitrite and aqueous HBF4 under mild conditions. This one-pot method stereospecifically provides α- and β-aryl glycosides (≥19:1 by NMR) in good yields at room temperature. The configuration at the C-3 position in the glycal determines the anomeric selectivity (i.e., α or β) of the desired products.
Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active Neolignans Ligraminol D and E
Authors: Ghotekar Ganesh S. , Mujahid M. , Muthukrishnan M.
Published: August 2019

Efficient syntheses of optically active neolignans ligraminol D and E were achieved in four simple steps starting from easily available chiral benzyl glycidyl ethers. The products were obtained in good overall yields and high enantioselectivities. The protocol might also be useful in the synthesis of other ligraminols or related neolignans.
Resultados de sobrevida no médio prazo da haste femoral não cimentada Logical
Authors: Diesel Cristiano Valter , Ribeiro Tiango Aguiar , Macedo Carlos Alberto de Souza , Galia Carlos Roberto
Published: August 2019

Objetivo Avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos da haste femoral não cimentada Logical (Baumer, Mogi Mirim, SP, Brasil) nas artroplastias totais do quadril (ATQs).

Método Foi realizada uma coorte retrospectiva de 632 pacientes submetidos à artroplastia primária do quadril por coxartrose nos quais foram implantadas hastes femorais não cimentadas Logical. Todos os pacientes eram provenientes do ambulatório de Cirurgia do Quadril da instituição. O período do estudo compreendeu de janeiro de 2004 a janeiro de 2015. O desfecho definido para avaliar a sobrevida da haste foi a indicação clínica e radiográfica da revisão ou a revisão propriamente dita da haste femoral por qualquer causa.

Resultado Observaram-se curvas de sobrevida estimadas > 95%, com um seguimento variando de 2 até 13 anos. Houve baixa incidência de fraturas periprotéticas transoperatórias (0,02%). Não foi observada migração axial ou atrofia óssea cortical na amostra radiográfica avaliada.

Conclusão Os resultados demonstram, no médio prazo, excelente sobrevida da haste femoral não cimentada Logical. Embora ainda sejam aguardados estudos no longo prazo, este implante parece ser seguro e promissor para ser utilizado nas artroplastias primárias do quadril.
First Sternal Cleft Repair Using a Porous Alumina Ceramic Prosthesis in a 9-Year-Old Child
Authors: Fouilloux Virginie , Bertin François , Peltier Emilie , Jouve Jean-Luc
Published: August 2019

Sternal cleft is a rare congenital abnormality, often associated with other congenital defects. We present the case of a 9-year-old child with complete sternal cleft, treated with an innovative sternal prosthesis. Surgery was performed to protect the heart and also, as pulsations was visible, leading to serious esthetical concerns, to enhance school integration, which was difficult. The porous alumina device used was initially designed for sternal reconstruction after refractory deep sternal wound infection or carcinoma. Surgery and early follow-up were simple. There was no complication and the follow-up of more than 1 year reveals a good healing without breath discomfort and a correct development of the chest wall. In this rare indication, the alumina ceramic sternal prosthesis offers a reliable alternative to classical methods, such as muscle flap, autogenous tissue transfer, costal homograft, and other prosthetic materials like mesh or synthetic patch.
Synthesis of Aza-polyquinanes via Fischer Indolization and Ring-Rearrangement Metathesis as Key Steps
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Keesari Ramakrishna Reddy , Ansari Saima
Published: August 2019

Herein, we describe a simple synthetic strategy to assemble aza-polyquinane systems containing an indole motif by employing the Fischer indolization and ring-rearrangement metathesis as key steps. The precursor used here is exo-dicyclopentadienone, which is derived from less explored exo-dicyclopentadiene. By using this approach, several aza-polyquinanes that contain indole units and fused medium rings (eight- and nine-membered rings) were synthesized in good yields.
Molybdenum-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrazoles from Isoxazoles
Authors: Rey Marine , Beaumont Stéphane
Published: August 2019

A one-pot approach for the direct synthesis of substituted pyrazoles from isoxazoles is reported. The process involves isoxazole N–O bond cleavage mediated by a molybdenum complex, in situ hydrolysis of the resulting β-amino enone to the corresponding 1,3-diketone, followed by pyrazole formation in the presence of hydrazine or substituted hydrazine. Good to excellent yields and regioselectivities are obtained with nonsymmetric isoxazoles. By using readily available starting materials, a wide range of substituted pyrazoles may be synthesized by this method.
Fatores preditivos de morte após cirurgia para tratamento de fratura proximal do fêmur
Authors: Antunes Filho Jurandir , Silva Armando D'Lucca de Castro e , Mendes Junior Adriano Fernando , Pereira Felipe Jader Coelho , Oppe Igor Gerdi , Loures Elmano de Araújo
Published: August 2019

Objetivo Avaliar fatores preditivos de morte em pacientes de idade igual ou superior a 70 anos com fratura proximal do fêmur submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico.

Métodos Análise de prontuários médicos criando-se uma coorte retrospectiva com seguimento de 6 meses. Foram analisados 124 prontuários após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Todos os pacientes foram tratados por um único cirurgião ortopédico em condições de uniformidade.

Resultados Taxa de mortalidade de 34.7%, sendo o perfil mais comum de paciente o indivíduo do gênero feminino, com 85 anos e ao menos 1 comorbidade. Os pacientes com idade superior a 85 anos, internação hospitalar por mais de 7 dias, ao menos 1 comorbidade presente e internação em centro de terapia intensiva (CTI) apresentaram maior risco de óbito (respectivamente 2; 2,5; 4 e 4 vezes maior).

Conclusão Em relação ao desfecho óbito, apesar de não encontramos diferença estatisticamente significativa no que se refere à topografia da lesão e como essas se comportam no momento em que coexistem junto a internação em CTI, acreditamos na necessidade de maiores investigações sob essa ótica na população com o perfil estudado.
Avaliação comparativa das incidências radiográficas cross-table e Ducroquet para a medição do ângulo alfa do quadril
Authors: Polesello Giancarlo Cavalli , Queiroz Marcelo Cavalheiro , Junior Walter Ricioli , Rudelli Marco , Nunes Marcus Aurelius Araújo , Amaral Denise Tokechi
Published: August 2019

Objetivo O objetivo do presente trabalho é comparar a equivalência da medida do ângulo alfa do quadril usando as incidências laterais de Ducroquet e de cross-table.

Método Estudamos 90 pacientes, com um total de 95 quadris, e padronizamos a realização das radiografias conhecidas como “Ducroquet” e “cross-table.” A incidência de perfil de cross-table foi realizada em 15° de rotação interna com o paciente em posição supina, e a incidência de perfil de Ducroquet foi padronizada com o paciente posicionado em decúbito dorsal, em 90° de flexão e 45° de abdução do quadril. O ângulo alfa foi medido em ambas as radiografias de perfil, por dois radiologistas especializados em afecções musculoesqueléticas. As medidas foram realizadas em 2 épocas diferentes: uma avaliação inicial e outra após 4 semanas. O teste t de Student foi utilizado e calculou o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI).

Resultados Encontramos boa correlação intraobservador para ambas as incidências radiográficas em diferentes momentos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as medidas feitas pelas duas visualizações. No entanto, a correlação interobservadores foi baixa.

Conclusão A incidência radiográfica de perfil de Ducroquet é uma boa opção para a medida do ângulo alfa e pode ser usada ao invés da incidência radiográfica de perfil cross-table.
A recuperação intraoperatória de células sanguíneas é eficaz em cirurgias de quadril?
Authors: Nunes Nara Granja , Oliveira José Alberto Alves , Bezerra Francisca Magna Prado , Nascimento Velma Dias do , Dumaresq Danielle Maia Holanda , Patrocinio Manoel Cláudio Azevedo
Published: August 2019

Objetivo O estudo visa avaliar a eficácia da recuperação intraoperatória de sangue (RIOS) na redução de hemotransfusão alogênica em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia por fratura de fêmur e quadril.

Métodos Coorte prospectiva com 38 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia traumatológica para fraturas em quadril e transtrocantéricas de fêmur, divididos em dois grupos em um hospital de ensino de agosto de 2015 a fevereiro de 2017. Pacientes com qualquer enfermidade ou condição infecciosa foram excluídos do presente estudo. O grupo RIOS (19 pacientes) recebeu sangue autólogo com a utilização de Cell Saver, enquanto o grupo controle (19 pacientes) recebeu apenas sangue alogênico, quando necessário.. Grupos comparados em relação ao gênero, idade na cirurgia, escala da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (ASA) (I, II ou III), uso intraoperatório da RIOS, volume sanguíneo reinfundido pela RIOS, parâmetros hematimétricos pré- e pós-operatórios, volume intra e pós-operatório de sangue alogênico transfundido. Dados processados no software SPSS Statistics for Windows, Versão 20.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, EUA).

Resultados Sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos com as variáveis: idade, gênero e ASA. Percebeu-se que os valores finais de hemoglobina e hematócrito (no 1° dia de pós-operatório) foram mais elevados no grupo que utilizou o dispositivo (p < 0,05). Não houve redução significativa da transfusão alogênica intra e pós-operatória no grupo RIOS em comparação ao controle.

Conclusões O presente estudo constatou que a RIOS não foi eficaz em reduzir a transfusão alogênica no intra e pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de fêmur transtrocantérica e de quadril.
A relação do escore de Lee com a mortalidade pós-operatória em pacientes com fraturas de fêmur proximal
Authors: Guerra Marcelo Teodoro Ezequiel , Giglio Luiz , Morais João Mauro Mendina , Labatut Giovanna , Feijó Monica Cavanus , Kayser Carlos Eduardo Peixoto
Published: August 2019

Objetivo Verificar o valor preditivo do escore de Lee para a mortalidade no primeiro ano pós operatório de fraturas de fêmur proximal. O estudo também avaliou a capacidade preditiva isolada de outras variáveis.

Método Uma amostra de 422 pacientes com fraturas do fêmur proximal submetidos a cirurgia foi avaliada neste estudo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de revisão de prontuários, consultas presenciais e contatos telefônicos.

Resultados O escore de Lee foi aplicado em 99,3% dos pacientes com fraturas de fêmur proximal submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. A taxa de mortalidade da amostra foi de 22%, a maioria classificada como classe I de risco. O escore de Lee não apresentou associação significativa com a mortalidade (p = 0,515). Os valores elevados de creatinina sérica (p = 0,001) e a idade (p = 0,000) estiveram diretamente associados com o desfecho de morte.

Conclusões O escore de Lee não é preditivo para a mortalidade em um período de um ano após cirurgia de fraturas de fêmur proximal; entretanto, observou-se significância estatística entre a idade e a dosagem sérica da creatinina, isoladamente, com o desfecho de morte.
Comparison of Shear Strength of Metal and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets Cemented to Zirconia Depending on Surface Treatment: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Cetik Sibel , Ha Thaï Hoang , Sitri Léa , Duterme Hadrien , Pham Viet , Atash Ramin
Published: August 2019

Objectives Due to the high demand for all-ceramic restorations, monolithic zirconia restorations are nowadays frequently used. With the demand for adult orthodontic treatments, orthodontists need to be mindful of the quality of their brackets bonding to this type of material, as it requires special conditioning. This study aimed to compare different surface treatments of zirconia when bonding metal or ceramic orthodontic brackets. The objectives are to compare the shear bond strength; the amount of adhesive remaining on the surface of the material; the incidence of adhesive, cohesive, and mixed failures; and the occurrence of zirconia fractures.

Materials and Methods Forty monolithic blocks of zirconia of a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 10 mm were prepared and randomly divided into two groups (n = 20): metallic or ceramic brackets. Each group was subsequently divided into two subgroups (n = 10) depending on the surface preparation (laser treatment or airborne particle abrasion): SMB (airborne particle abrasion, metal bracket), SCB (airborne particle abrasion, ceramic bracket), LMB (laser; metal bracket), and LCB (laser, ceramic bracket). The samples were tested for shear bond strength using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index and the occurrence of zirconia fractures and different types of failures were assessed by optical and electron microscopy.

Statistical Analysis Results were analyzed using analysis of variance.

Results The differences were significant between the metallic (SMB, LMB) and ceramic (SCB, LCB) bracket groups with regard to shear bond strength, with respectively 23.29 ± 5.34 MPa, 21.59 ± 4.03 MPa, 20.06 ± 4.05 MPa, and 17.55 ± 3.88 MPa. In terms of surface treatment, no statistical differences were found between the different groups.

Conclusion Metal brackets have a greater bond strength than ceramic brackets when cemented to zirconia. The surface treatment of zirconia surface has no influence on the shear bond strength.
Effect of Intracanal Medicaments on Pull-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post Cemented with a Self-Adhesive System
Authors: Sarraf Pegah , Assadi Atoosa , Kiomarsi Nazanin , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Assadi Arsalan , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2019

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of four intracanal medicaments on pull-out bond strength of fiber posts.

Materials and Methods A total of 65 single-rooted, single-canal teeth were selected and decoronated. Root canals were prepared and after rinsing were randomly divided into five groups (n = 13). G1: calcium hydroxide (CH), G2: CH plus chlorhexidine (CH+CHX), G3: triple antibiotic paste (TAP), G4: double antibiotic paste (DAP) were applied in the canals in the four groups. The control group (G5) received no medicament. After 4 weeks, the medicaments were rinsed off and the canals were filled with gutta-percha. Post space was then prepared in root canals for the placement of glass fiber posts and self-adhesive cement (Panavia F2). After cementation, they were subjected to pull-out bond strength test.

Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test.Results The pull-out bond strength values were significantly different in the groups (p < 0.001). The highest values of bond strength were seen in G2, G1, and G3 (359.97 ± 81.26, 333.79 ± 98.96, 309.27 ± 78.07), respectively. There was no significant difference between G4 and G5 (p = 0.75).

Conclusion The results showed that CH, CH+CHX, and TAP enhanced the pull-out bond strength of fiber post to root canal wall as compared to the control group.
Neurotized Free Tissue Transfer for Foot Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rinkinen Jacob R. , Diamond Shawn , Lans Jonathan , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Eberlin Kyle R.
Published: August 2019

Background Soft tissue reconstruction of the foot represents a complex reconstructive challenge given the unique anatomical properties of the glabrous plantar skin. For large soft tissue defects and/or complex injuries, free tissue transfer is often the optimal reconstructive modality. The decision to pursue a neurotized free flap remains controversial and an area of debate. Given the trend toward increasing use of neurotized free flaps, we performed a systematic review to determine if nerve coaptation is a beneficial adjunct to free tissue transfer.

Methods A systematic search of the English literature using PubMed and Web of Science was performed. Studies were identified between 1985 and 2018. Manuscripts were eligible if they contained original clinical outcomes research of patients who underwent free tissue transfer to the foot or heel with neurotization.

Results A total of 189 studies were identified with initial screening and 19 studies were included in our analysis. A total of 175 patients underwent free flap reconstruction to the foot; of these, 107 patients had a nerve coaptation performed. Patients who underwent neurotization had improved sensory characteristics (two-point discrimination, light touch, and pain sensation), quicker return to ambulation and activities of daily living, and decreased ulcer formation compared with those who did not. Overall complications were infrequent, with ulceration being the most common.

Conclusion Neurotized free flaps appear to have an overall decreased rate of ulceration, improved sensory discrimination, and quicker return to ambulation/activities of daily living in comparison to nonneurotized free flaps. However, when examining free anterolateral thigh (ALT) and free medial plantar artery (MPA) fasciocutaneous flaps, durability (i.e., frequency of ulcer formation) and functionality (ambulation and return to activities of daily living) do not appear to be significantly different between neurotized and nonneurotized flaps.
Impact of Recipient Vein Selection on Venous Patency and Free Flap Survival in 652 Head and Neck Reconstructions
Authors: Choi Jong Woo , Kim Young Chul , Jeon Dong Neok , Jeong Woo Shik , Koh Kyung S. , Oh Tae Suk , Eom Jin Sup , Kim Eun Key , Hong Joon Pio , Suh Hyunsuk Peter
Published: August 2019

Background This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of choosing a particular recipient venous system on venous patency and flap survival in 652 head and neck free flap reconstructions.

Methods A retrospective review was performed. Patient factors investigated included: age, sex, type of flap, tumor location, history of radiation, presence of previous neck dissection, tumor stage, and any underlying disease. Data related with recipient vein including the number of anastomosis, the repair technique, the type of recipient vein, and the configuration of selected venous system were examined. The impact of patient factors and parameters related with recipient vein on the venous patency and flap survival were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results Of 652 free flaps, 36 flaps (5.5%) were re-explored due to venous congestion and 28 flaps (77.8%) were salvaged. The overall survival rate of total free flaps was 98.8%. The type of recipient venous system was found to be an insignificant factor with respect to venous congestion and flap survival in multivariate analysis. A history of radiation treatments was the only factor associated with a higher risk of venous compromise (odds ratio [OR] = 13.138, p < 0.001) and a lower rate of flap survival (OR = 20.182, p = 0.002).

Conclusion The selection of recipient venous systems has no impact on venous patency and flap survival. History of radiation treatment was the only factor associated with venous congestion and flap failure. Since no single method can ensure a successful reconstructive result, selecting the optimal recipient vein should be based on individual patient factors and the surgeon's experience.
On the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation in arbitrary dimensions
Authors: de Montigny M. , Santos E. S.
Published: August 2019

We review the representations associated with the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) equation for spin-zero and spin-one massive and massless fields in an arbitrary number of space-time dimensions. This work is partly motivated by low dimensions, where the DKP representations are often obtained by reduction from representations in 3 + 1 space-time. We provide explicit representations for arbitrary space-time dimensions and comment on physical applications in low dimensions, such as the generation of topological mass in the plane.
Non-linearity in dipolar solvation dynamics in water-ethanol mixture: Composition dependence of free energy landscape
Authors: Hazra Milan K. , Bagchi Biman
Published: August 2019

Liquid mixtures of water and amphiphilic solutes exhibit a string of yet unexplained anomalies in the low cosolvent (or solute) concentration regime. Among such solutions, mixtures of water and ethanol stand out for their distinctive role in biology. We study, in this binary mixture, the composition dependent difference between the nonequilibrium and the equilibrium solvent responses to a dipolar probe indole in the low-to-intermediate concentration regime. The usually employed linear response formalism seems to break down at low ethanol concentration. The nonequilibrium solvent response is particularly different from that of the equilibrium solvent response in the concentration (xEtOH) between 0.07 and 0.12. We introduce an order parameter in terms of the changing local composition at the nearest neighbor separation. This order parameter captures the anomalies faithfully. The anomalies are seen to arise from a competition between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions and are most prominent at the small-to-intermediate length scale. We attempt to rationalize the results in terms of a composition dependent free energy length scale.
Velocity saturation in La-doped BaSnO3 thin films
Authors: Chandrasekar Hareesh , Cheng Junao , Wang Tianshi , Xia Zhanbo , Combs Nicholas G. , Freeze Christopher R. , Marshall Patrick B. , McGlone Joe , Arehart Aaron , Ringel Steven , Janotti Anderson , Stemmer Susanne , Lu Wu , Rajan Siddharth
Published: August 2019

BaSnO3, a high mobility perovskite oxide, is an attractive material for oxide-based electronic devices. However, in addition to low-field mobility, high-field transport properties such as the saturation velocity of carriers play a major role in determining the device performance. We report on the experimental measurement of the electron saturation velocity in La-doped BaSnO3 thin films for a range of doping densities. The predicted saturation velocities based on a simple LO-phonon emission mode, using an effective LO phonon energy of 120 meV show good agreement with the measurements of velocity saturation in La-doped BaSnO3 films. Density-dependent saturation velocity in the range of 1.8 × 107 cm/s reducing to 2 × 106 cm/s is predicted for δ-doped BaSnO3 channels with carrier densities ranging from 1013 cm−2 to 2 × 1014 cm−2, respectively. These results are expected to aid the informed design of BaSnO3 as an active material for high-charge density electronic transistors.
Fluorescence ON-OFF switching, Boolean logic gates like behavior of carbon quantum dots and highly sensitive bovine serum albumin sensing
Authors: Swaminathan Hariharan , Balasubramanian Karthikeyan
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate fluorescence “ON-OFF” switching and photonic logic gates based on fluorescence response of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in the presence of graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). We study the excited state electron and energy transfer interactions among the carbon based materials in detail through steady state fluorescence (SSF) and time resolved fluorescence (TRF) spectroscopy. CQDs function as donor; GO and RGO function as acceptors. SSF results show the fluorescence “turn-OFF” behavior of CQDs in the presence of GO and RGO, and the reason is explained through Stern-Volmer plots. TRF results reveal a decrease in the decay time components of CQDs in the presence of GO and RGO. The gradual recovery of quenched fluorescence of CQDs is observed by the addition of BSA at nanomolar concentrations which shows the highly sensitive “turn-ON” BSA sensing. Single input and two inputs photonic logic gates are implemented based on the fluorescence response of CQDs in the presence of GO, RGO, and BSA in different input combinations. The not, pass1, nor, and implication gates like behavior of CQDs is demonstrated.
Low frequency fluctuation study using a microwave interferometer and Hα line emission measurement systems in the Pilot-PSI device
Authors: Yoshikawa M. , Meiden H. v. d. , AL R. , Vernimmen J. , Kohagura J. , Shima Y. , Sakamoto M. , Nakashima Y.
Published: August 2019

A frequency multiplied microwave interferometer, a Hα line emission measurement system, and a high speed camera system were installed on the Pilot-PSI device for low frequency fluctuation study in the detached plasma condition. The two dimensional Hα line emission and its fluctuation were monitored with a fast visible camera with Hα filter. The coherent low frequency fluctuations of frequency of approximately 13 kHz were measured by all measurement systems. The stronger fluctuation intensities were observed in the downstream of the ionization front region in the detached plasma condition. Moreover, we show the clear difference between the strong fluctuation regions of the electron line density and Hα line emission for the first time. This means that the fluctuations of Hα line emissions was caused by not only electrons but also by hydrogen ions.
Characterization of LiFePO4 samples obtained by pulse combustion under various conditions of synthesis
Authors: Lazarević Z. Ž. , Križan G. , Križan J. , Milutinović A. , Ivanovski V. N. , Mitrić M. , Gilić M. , Umićević A. , Kuryliszyn-Kudelska I. , Romčević N. Ž.
Published: August 2019

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) is one of the widely used cathode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. LFP batteries are widely used for electric vehicles and backup power due to their important advantages such as low cost, lifetime, efficiency, and reliability. There are still several technical challenges that need to be addressed: the increase of energy density or further reduction of their final cost. This paper concerned with the characterization of carbon coated LiFePO4 nanopowder cathode materials produced under different conditions by pulse combustion for providing energy to the reactor for the synthesis. The reactor was built according to the principles of the thermoacoustic burner on the basis of the Helmholtz resonator. The investigated nanopowders are synthesized by complete and incomplete combustion and calcined at 700 °C. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Observed low-temperature magnetic phase transitions definitively identified the crystal phases. The morphology of samples was controlled by scanning electron microscopy. The aim of this work is to show that it is possible to achieve a desired crystal phase by pulse combustion in a relatively cheap and fast way. The extremely rapid synthesis of almost pure phase material is possible due to the reduction in size of interacting particles and to an enormous number of collisions between them as a result of strong turbulent flow associated with explosive combustion.
Self-excited rotation and flow dynamics across a freely rotatable square cylinder confined between two parallel walls
Authors: Pan Zhenhai , Chen Zhuo , Wu Huiying
Published: August 2019

This paper reports on a numerical investigation conducted to study the vortex-induced rotation of a square cylinder confined between two parallel walls. The fluid flow past the cylinder is simulated by solving the Navier–Stokes equations, and the cylinder’s motion is captured using Newton’s law. A dynamic mesh technique is employed to track the movement of the cylinder boundaries. The numerical model is first validated through comparisons with results in the literature. By changing the fluid velocity and wall distance, the influences of the Reynolds number (40 ≤ Re ≤ 800) and blockage ratio (0.10 ≤ br ≤ 0.55) on the rotation characteristics and flow dynamics are then revealed. Six distinct rotating modes are recognized in the present confined geometries, namely, static mode I (with θ = 0), static mode II (with θ = ±π/4), oscillating mode I (with respect to θ = 0), oscillating mode II (with respect to θ = ±π/4), an autorotating mode, and a randomly rotating mode. A phase diagram is made to describe the distribution of these rotating modes with respect to Re and br. To understand the underlying mechanisms, typical fluid–structure interaction details are presented and discussed for each rotating mode. Owing to the confinement of the parallel walls, the shear-induced torque is found to play an important role in the rotation of the cylinder, and its contribution is quantitatively compared with the pressure-induced torque.
Probing the large bandgap-bowing and signature of antimony (Sb) in dilute-antimonide III-nitride using micro-Raman scattering
Authors: Chowdhury Faqrul A. , Mi Zetian
Published: August 2019

Dilute-antimonide III-nitrides (Sb < 1%), with their unprecedented and broad range tuning of bandgap and associated properties, provide extraordinary opportunities for engineering band structure, strain, and polarization and a significant promise to overcome the fundamental issues of conventional InGaN for efficient light emitters operating in the deep-visible spectral range, including the large lattice mismatch (∼11%) between InN and GaN, large strain-induced polarization field, and difficulty in realizing efficient p-type conduction. However, a fundamental understanding of their synthesis, structural, and optical properties at the dilute Sb regime has so far remained largely unexplored. Herein, we have investigated room-temperature, nonpolarized Raman scattering of nominally undoped dilute-antimonide GaSbN nanostructures, grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on n-type Si substrates. Both nonresonant and near-resonant excitation in backscattering geometry reveals that the typical Raman modes of GaN are largely affected due to a small amount of Sb incorporation (<1%). A nonlinear and progressive downward frequency shift of the A1(LO) mode in GaSbN epilayers had been derived from 736 cm−1 to 715 cm−1 for Sb composition up to 0.6%, which is analogous to the large bandgap reduction of dilute-antimonide GaSbN. Raman signatures corresponding to Sb incorporation can be observed further via two additional peaks in the spectra. Complementary analysis on structural and surface charge properties of dilute-antimonide GaSbN suggests that the Raman-mode fluctuations can be useful for probing Sb contents in the alloy with further strain correction.
Multistage converter of high-voltage subnanosecond pulses based on nonlinear transmission lines
Authors: Ulmaskulov M. R. , Shunailov S. A. , Sharypov K. A. , Yalandin M. I.
Published: August 2019

This paper presents new experimental data that enable the observed processes in nonlinear ferrite lines to be related with the theoretical positions of the spin waves of the magnetization precession under the conditions of a high-power microwave. Such an approach has not been considered in earlier discussions on the subject and can contribute to the theory of the generation of oscillations in a gyromagnetic ferrite medium. These new aspects were used to design a new type of generator. The specific feature is the presence of regularity in the ferrite lines in the generation mode of microwave oscillations. The repeating regularity enabled the implementation of multistage pulse shape converters capable of operating in two modes and providing extreme parameters of the output pulses. Two variants of multistage converters of nanosecond high-voltage pulse shapes with a duration of ∼4 ns at a half-height and with an amplitude of −500 kV were designed and tested. The assembly of the converters and the driving generator are described in the stationary setup. In the first case, the rise time shortened to ∼45 ps, and the amplitude increased to −850 kV due to the sharpening of a pulse and the formation of a shock wave by the cascade of three nonlinear transmission lines. A record rate for the increase of the leading peak voltage of ∼15.5 MV/ns was reached. In the second case, the new approach for the generation of a sequence of subnanosecond pulses was presented and tested, and each pulse of the previous stage was modulated by the next stage doubling the number of pulses while conserving a deeper modulation. As a result, at the top of the incident pulse, a sequence of subnanosecond peaks with a large modulation depth (∼70%) was formed when the maximum voltage amplitude reached −700 kV. The results of the emission of such pulses are also presented.
Programmable mode conversion and bandgap formation for surface acoustic waves using piezoelectric metamaterials
Authors: Alan Salih , Allam Ahmed , Erturk Alper
Published: August 2019

A spatially reversible and programmable piezoelectric metamaterial concept is introduced for the manipulation of surface acoustic waves to achieve on-demand wave mode conversion and reflection. The concept uses an array of inductive-shunted piezoelectric elements (with gradually varying inductors in space) attached to the surface of an elastic propagation domain. The value of each inductor directly controls the phase velocity of the Rayleigh wave locally as quantified through unit cell band diagram analysis that guides the design process. By varying the spatial inductance distribution, the proposed piezoelectric metamaterial domain can be programed to convert incident surface waves into bulk shear waves or reflect them completely. The location of surface-to-bulk wave mode conversion or wave reflection can be tailored by means of the inductance distribution, and the directional behavior in space can be reversed. The proposed concept may enable novel surface acoustic wave devices and filters, via digital or analog programmable shunt circuits.
Diffusion of ellipsoids in laboratory two-dimensional turbulent flow
Authors: Yang Jia , Francois Nicolas , Punzmann Horst , Shats Michael , Xia Hua
Published: August 2019

We report on the transport properties and orientational dynamics of ellipsoidal objects advected by laboratory two-dimensional turbulence. It is found that ellipsoids of different sizes have preferential direction of transport, either along their major axes or minor axes. The two components of the ellipsoid diffusion coefficient depend on the ratio of the length of the ellipsoids along major axes aa to the turbulence forcing scale Lf. Large ellipsoids (aa > Lf) diffuse faster in the direction parallel to their major axes. In contrast, small ellipsoids diffuse faster in the direction transverse to their major axes. We study this transition vs the ratio aa/Lf and relate it to the coupling between translational and rotational motion of anisotropic objects. The features of the turbulent transport of ellipsoids can be understood by considering the interaction of these anisotropic objects with the underlying structure of two dimensional turbulent flows made of meandering coherent bundles.