bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photochemical C–H oxygenation of side-chain methyl groups in polypropylene with chlorine dioxide
Authors: Ohkubo Kei , Asahara Haruyasu , Inoue Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2019

The chlorine dioxide radical (ClO2˙) was found to act as an efficient oxidizing agent for the aerobic C–H oxygenation of the side-chain methyl groups in polypropylene under photoirradiation.
An aggregation-induced phosphorescence probe for calcium ion-specific detection and live-cell imaging inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chen Guilin , Zhou Zaicai , Feng Hui , Zhang Chenyan , Wang Yifan , Qian Zhaosheng , Pan Jianwei
Published: March 2019

A molecular probe with aggregation-induced phosphorescence (AIP) properties for calcium ion-specific detection and imagingin vivowas designed.
Correction: MOF@activated carbon: a new material for adsorption of aldicarb in biological systems
Authors: de Oliveira Carlos Alberto Fernandes , da Silva Fausthon Fred , Jimenez George Chaves , Neto José Ferreira da S. , de Souza Daniela Maria Bastos , de Souza Ivone Antônia , Júnior Severino Alves
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘MOF@activated carbon: a new material for adsorption of aldicarb in biological systems’ by Carlos Alberto Fernandes de Oliveira et al., Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 6486–6488.
Correction: Boosting the solar water oxidation performance of a BiVO4 photoanode by crystallographic orientation control
Authors: Han Hyun Soo , Shin Sun , Kim Dong Hoe , Park Ik Jae , Kim Ju Seong , Huang Po-Shun , Lee Jung-Kun , Cho In Sun , Zheng Xiaolin
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Boosting the solar water oxidation performance of a BiVO4 photoanode by crystallographic orientation control’ by Hyun Soo Han et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2018, 11, 1299–1306.
Mimicking the endothelial glycocalyx through the supramolecular presentation of hyaluronan on patterned surfaces
Authors: Pang Xinqing , Li Weiqi , Landwehr Eliane , Yuan Yichen , Wang Wen , Azevedo Helena S.
Published: March 2019

Self-assembled monolayers of hyaluronan (HA)-binding peptide allow immobilization of HA for studying the function of the endothelial glycocalyx.
Tuning water oxidation reactivity by employing surfactant directed synthesis of porous Co3O4nanomaterials
Authors: Jash Priyajit , V. Aravind , Paul Amit
Published: March 2019

We have explored Co3O4based nanomaterials for the oxygen evolution reaction preparedviaa surfactant directed soft-templating strategy.
Alkyloxy modified pyrene fluorophores with tunable photophysical and crystalline properties
Authors: Kapf Andreas , Eslahi Hassan , Blanke Meik , Saccone Marco , Giese Michael , Albrecht Marcel
Published: March 2019

Alkyloxy modified 4,5,9,10-tetrasubstituted pyrenes display tunable photophysical and crystalline properties depending on the alkyl chains attached at the polyaromatic core.
Mild and selective silicon-mediated access to enantioenriched 1,2-mercaptoamines and β-amino arylchalcogenides
Authors: Tanini Damiano , Borgogni Cosimo , Capperucci Antonella
Published: March 2019

Metal-free ring opening reactions of activated and unactivated aziridines with different silyl chalcogenides are described.
Polyoxovanadate inhibition ofEscherichia coligrowth shows a reverse correlation with Ca2+-ATPase inhibition
Authors: Marques-da-Silva Dorinda , Fraqueza Gil , Lagoa Ricardo , Vannathan Anjana Anandan , Mal Sib Sankar , Aureliano Manuel
Published: March 2019

Polyoxovanadates were recently found to be the most active among a series of polyoxometalates against bacteria. In this study, a reverse correlation was found between the Ca2+-ATPase IC50and theE. ColiGI50values.
Physical gelation of AB-alternating copolymers made of vinyl phenol and maleimide units: cooperation between precisely incorporated phenol and long alkyl pendant groups
Authors: Nishimori Kana , Cazares-Cortes Esther , Guigner Jean-Michel , Tournilhac Francois , Ouchi Makoto
Published: March 2019

Alternating copolymers of vinyl phenol and alkyl maleimide gave organogel in aromatic solvents. The gelation was induced by segregation.
Janus hollow polymeric hairy microspheres as efficient adsorbents and catalyst scaffolds
Authors: Wu Guang , Zhao Lingling , Liang Hongze , Yan Yinghua , Tan Hui
Published: March 2019

Polymeric hairy microspheres with a Janus hollow structure were developed as efficient adsorbents and catalyst scaffolds.
Modulation of CRMP2 via (S)-Lacosamide shows therapeutic promise but is ultimately ineffective in a mouse model of CLN6-Batten disease
Authors: White Katherine A. , Cain Jacob T. , Magee Helen , Yeon Seul Ki , Park Ki Duk , Khanna Rajesh , Weimer Jill M.
Published: March 2019

CLN6-Batten disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with no cure, characterized by accumulation of lipofuscin in the lysosome, glial activation, and neuronal death. Here we test the therapeutic efficacy of modulating collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) activity via S-N-benzy-2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((S)-Lacosamide) in a mouse model of CLN6-Batten disease. Promisingly, mouse neuronal cultures as well as Cln6 patient fibroblasts treated with varying concentrations of (S)-Lacosamide showed positive restoration of lysosomal associated deficits. However, while acute in vivo treatment enhanced glial activation in 3-month-old Cln6 mutant mice, chronic treatment over several months did not improve behavioral or long-term survival outcomes. Therefore, modulation of CRMP2 activity via (S)-Lacosamide alone is unlikely to be a viable therapeutic target for CLN6-Batten disease.
Band‐stop filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liu Shuang , Wang Jun , Shen Xiaopeng , Cui Tie Jun
Published: March 2019

A band‐stop filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons for microwave applications is proposed, which can realise high‐efficiency band rejections by etching gradient semi‐circular grooves on both sides of the middle stripline of coplanar waveguide. The operating bandwidth and frequency of band‐stop can be controlled by changing the radii of semi‐circular holes and the length of unit cell, respectively. The operating principle of the designed band‐stop filter is explained by the dispersion curves and electric field distributions. Parametric studies are also conducted to analyse the effects of key parameters on the performance of the band‐stop filter, which is useful for practical designs. A prototype of the band‐stop filter is fabricated and measured. The good agreements between the simulated and measured results validate the proposed design, which indicate that the presented band‐stop filter can be potentially useful in many microwave applications.
Stabilisability analysis and design of UDE‐based robust control
Authors: Tian Zhen , Zhong Qing‐Chang , Ren Beibei , Yuan Jingqi
Published: March 2019

The uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)‐based robust control approach is widely investigated and applied due to its excellent performance and simple implementation. However, its stabilisability of unstable systems has not been documented. In this study, the sufficient and necessary stabilisability conditions of the UDE‐based robust control are investigated. According to the stabilisability conditions, a systematical design method is presented for the reference model based on the controllable canonical transformation and pole placement. This is then applied to a magnetic levitation system (MagLev) subject to model uncertainties and external disturbance as an example. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach with respect to matched uncertainties.
Fuzzy evaluation analysis and extraction of H‐N parameters for On‐site distribution cable
Authors: Zhao Aixuan , Li Jiaming , Xu Long , Chen Xi , Zhao Xuefeng , Deng Junbo , Zhang Guanjun
Published: March 2019

With the increasing usage of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) power cables, it is more and more important to grasp and manage their insulation status. Nowadays, the distribution cables in urban area are of huge numbers, so it is impossible to carry out the preventive test for every cable. Therefore, it is very helpful to determine cables' testing urgency in a scientific way. Meanwhile, the main cable diagnosis methods in China are insulation resistance and withstanding voltage test, but they are difficult to quantitatively determine cable insulation status. Aiming at solving above challenges, according to the cable fault records in recent years, fuzzy evaluation analysis combining with mutual information is utilised to determine the insulation testing urgency (ITU) based on cable information including service year, laying way, load type, and length. At the same time, frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) is introduced to diagnose the on‐site cable insulation status quantitatively. Its characteristic parameters, including instantaneous electric susceptibility, DC conductivity, and hopping conductivity, are extracted by improved Havriliak–Negami (H‐N) model and studied to analyse the changing trend before and after cable deterioration. The results show that the lower ITU is, the higher testing urgency is. ITU also has negative correlation with FDS characteristic parameters.
Generation maintenance scheduling in virtual power plants
Authors: Sadeghian Omid , Mohammadpour Shotorbani Amin , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam
Published: March 2019

In an active network, as a virtual power plant (VPP), periodic maintenance of distributed generators (DGs) is critically vital for the reliable operation of the power system. To prevent unexpected failure of DGs and avoid deterioration of the grid's reliability, coordination of maintenance scheduling is indispensable. In this study, maintenance management of a VPP is proposed for scheduling the planned outage of DGs, in order to preserve their useful lifespan. In addition to conventional DGs and the upstream power grid, renewable generation including wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, energy storage systems, and curtailable loads are considered as components of the VPP. The proposed maintenance scheduling scheme provides different advantages in viewpoints of cost and reliability. Moreover, risk management is also investigated to lower the risk of maintenance scheduling due to the uncertainty in price in an energy market by adopting the conditional value at risk as a measure of risk. The overall cost is minimised considering the power loss in the grid as well as the security constraints such as DGs operational constraints, voltage magnitude, and transmission lines’ power flow limit. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is illustrated using numerical studies with short‐ and long‐term scheduling.
Adaptive EPLL for improving power quality in three‐phase three‐wire grid‐connected photovoltaic system
Authors: Chittora Prakash , Singh Alka , Singh Madhusudan
Published: March 2019

A phase‐locked loop (PLL) plays an integral part in synchronisation circuits and is immensely used in grid‐connected systems, active filters, and uninterrupted power supplies. A number of these circuits based on synchronous reference frame and its modifications, second‐order generalised integrator, enhanced PLL (EPLL) have recently been reported in literature. This article proposes an adaptive version of EPLL whose gain adjusts automatically with the variation of error. Adaptive EPLL (A‐EPLL) is developed for positive sequence extraction of load current and its performance is tested for active filter operation. A PV system is also connected at the DC link of the shunt active power filter (SAPF) and the developed controller is tested under dynamic load changes. The complete control technique is tested for harmonics reduction, load balancing, and power balance between grid, load, and photovoltaic (PV) source. Detailed experimental results showing a new adaptive PLL for load compensation are illustrated here.
Study on speed and torque control of a novel hydromechanical hybrid transmission system in wind turbine
Authors: Chen Wenting , Lin Yonggang , Li Wei , Liu Hongwei , Tu Le , Meng Hao
Published: March 2019

A wind turbine is the most typical machine used to capture energy from the wind. The system design goal of a wind turbine is to obtain as much energy as possible from the wind while transmitting as much of that energy to the grid as possible, all under the highest possible level of stability. Currently, many inherent weaknesses result in a high failure rate in common commercial wind turbines with gear drive systems. To improve the performance, in this study, a typical 1.5 MW gear transmission was redesigned into a novel hydromechanical transmission system (HMTS). Parameters related to the HMTS efficiency were analysed to ensure that the efficiency was relatively high. The variable speed ratio (VSR) and torque triple absorption (TTA) principle were thoroughly deduced. Moreover, a MATLAB/Simulink‐ AMESim cosimulation model was proposed, and a 30 kW proportional prototype was established. Both simulation and experimental results show that the structural design and proposed control strategies meet the design goals, including a relatively high transmission efficiency around the rated wind speed, speed control below the rated wind speed, and torque control above the rated wind speed. These achievements should guarantee the future application of the novel transmission system in wind turbines.
Control strategy design for the anti‐HBV mathematical model
Authors: Ding Yi , Wang Wen‐June
Published: March 2019

Currently, the anti‐viral therapy has been extensively utilised to reduce the viral burden and switch off certain infectious sources for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients in clinical treatment. Several pieces of existing evidence have demonstrated that large‐scale coverage with anti‐viral therapy has obtained a certain great contribution in hygiene and disease control. In this study, an anti‐HBV mathematical model is considered and its control strategy of the drug treatment is designed. Based on the Lyapunov theory, this study derives three main theorems to propose three different control strategies, respectively, for drug treatments and , such that all states of the anti‐HBV model can finally converge to the infection‐free equilibrium point asymptotically. Especially, the designed drug treatment or is not a fixed value, but it is time‐varying and dependent on states. In Theorem 1, the single drug treatment without is synthesised. Theorem 2 considers the single drug treatment without . In Theorem 3, the combination therapy of and is designed. Finally, there are several simulations to show that the proposed combination therapy is much more effective to cure HBV infected patients than the drug treatment with solely single or single .
X-ray absorbing column densities of a complete sample of short gamma ray bursts
Authors: Asquini L. , Campana S. , D’Avanzo P. , Bernardini M. G. , Covino S. , Ghirlanda G. , Ghisellini G. , Melandri A. , Nava L. , Salafia O. S. , Salvaterra R. , Sbarufatti B. , Tagliaferri G. , Vergani S. D.
Published: March 2019

Context. X-ray absorbing column densities (NH) are used as a parameter to quantify the amount of absorbing material along the line of sight. The high values found for long gamma ray bursts (LGRBs) confirmed that these events take place in dense, star-forming environments, joining as an indirect proof the observation of supernovae associated to the bursts and the location in the brightest galaxy regions. Recently, the simultaneous detection of a short gamma ray burst (SGRB) and a gravitational wave signal occurred, strongly supporting the hypothesis that SGRBs instead originate from the merger of compact objects. The different predictions of the two progenitor scenarios for short and long GRBs should be reflected in a difference in the amount of absorbing matter between the two populations, with SGRBs occurring in less dense environments. Previous studies found that the two column density distributions were indistinguishable when compared in the same redshift range. The samples, though, were relatively small (10–12 SGRBs), and spanned a redshift range z ≲ 1.

Aims. We update a flux-limited complete sample of Swift-based SGRBs, the SBAT4, bringing it to 25 events and doubling its previous redshift range. We then evaluate the column densities of the events in the updated sample, in order to compare them with the NH distribution of LGRBs, using the sample BAT6ext.

Methods. We relied on Monte Carlo simulations of the two populations and compare the computed NH distributions with a two sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test. We then studied how the K–S probability varies with respect to the redshift range we consider.

Results. We find that the K–S probability keeps decreasing as redshift increases until at z ∼ 1.8 the probability that short and long GRBs come from the same parent distribution drops below 1%. This testifies for an observational difference among the two populations. This difference may be due to the presence of highly absorbed LGRBs above z ∼ 1.3, which have not been observed in the SGRB sample yet, although this may be due to our inability to detect them, or to the relatively small sample size.
Insights, Trends and Challenges Associated with Measuring Coal Relative Permeability
Authors: Shaw Dylan , Mostaghimi Peyman , Hussain Furqan , Armstrong Ryan T.
Published: March 2019

Due to the poroelasticity of coal, both porosity and permeability change over the life of the field as pore pressure decreases and effective stress increases. The relative permeability also changes as the effective stress regime shifts from one state to another. This paper examines coal relative permeability trends for changes in effective stress. The unsteady-state technique was used to determine experimental relativepermeability curves, which were then corrected for capillary-end effect through history matching. A modified Brooks-Corey correlation was sufficient for generating relative permeability curves and was successfully used to history match the laboratory data. Analysis of the corrected curves indicate that as effective stress increases, gas relative permeability increases, irreducible water saturation increases and the relative permeability cross-point shifts to the right.
A laboratory scale approach to wettability restoration in chalk core samples
Authors: Sachdeva Jaspreet S. , Sripal Edison A. , Nermoen Anders , Korsnes Reidar I. , Madland Merete V. , James Lesley A.
Published: March 2019

Wettability in chalk has been studied comprehensively to understand fluid flow mechanisms impacting coreflooding experiments. Wettability becomes paramount in understanding the parameters influencing chalk-fluid interactions. The main objective of this work is to evaluate as to which degree the wettability in chalk core samples can be controlled in the laboratory. Kansas chalk samples saturated with brine (1.1 M/64284 ppm NaCl) and an oil mixture (60% - 40% by volume of Heidrun oil and heptane) were aged at a constant temperature of 90oC with aging time as the laboratory control variable. A multimodal method incorporating contact angle measurements, wettability index via USBM test, and SEM-MLA analysis was applied in evaluating wettability. A systematic approach was applied with the three different methods to quantify the degree of uncertainty linked to a) wettability estimation and b) the aging procedure to control wettability alteration of Kansas chalk. With a comprehensive suite of samples, we were successfully able to alter the wettability of chalk cores.
Impact of injection rate on transient oil recovery under mixed-wet conditions: a microfluidic study
Authors: Christensen Magali , Zacarias-Hernandez Xanat , Tanino Yukie
Published: March 2019

Lab-on-a-chip methods were used to visualize the pore-scale distribution of oil within a mixed-wet, quasi-monolayer of marble grains packed in a microfluidic channel as the oil was displaced by water. Water injection rates corresponding to microscopic capillary numbers between Ca = 5 × 10-8 and 2 × 10-4 (Darcy velocities between 0.3 and 1100 ft/d) were considered. As expected, early-time water invasion transitions from stable displacement to capillary fingering with decreasing Ca, with capillary fingering observed at Ca ≤ 10-5. End-point oil saturation decreases with Ca over the entire range of Ca considered, consistent with the canonical capillary desaturation curve. In contrast, Sor derived from approximate numerical simulations using reasonable Pc(Sw) do not display a strong dependence on Ca. These results suggest that the Ca dependence of end-point oil saturation is largely due to capillary end effects which, under conditions considered presently, affect the entire length of the packed bed.
CO2-brine injectivity tests in high co2 content carbonate field, sarawak basin, offshore east Malaysia
Authors: Giwelli A , Kashim MZ , Clennell MB , Esteban L , Noble R , White C , Vialle S , Ghasemiziarani M , Myers M , Saeedi A , Shah S Salwani Md
Published: March 2019

We conducted relatively long duration core-flooding tests on three representative core samples under reservoir conditions to quantify the potential impact of flow rates on fines production/permeability change. Supercritical CO2 was injected cyclically with incremental increases in flow rate (2─14 ml/min) with live brine until a total of 7 cycles were completed. To avoid unwanted fluid-rock reaction when live brine was injected into the sample, and to mimic the in-situ geochemical conditions of the reservoir, a packed column was installed on the inflow accumulator line to pre-equilibrate the fluid before entering the core sample. The change in the gas porosity and permeability of the tested plug samples due to different mechanisms (dissolution and/or precipitation) that may occur during scCO2/live brine injection was investigated. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 determination, X-ray CT scans and chemical analyses of the produced brine were also conducted. Results of pre- and post-test analyses (poroperm, NMR, X-ray CT) showed no clear evidence of formation damage even after long testing cycles and only minor or no dissolution (after large injected pore volumes (PVs) ~ 200). The critical flow rates (if there is one) were higher than the maximum rates applied. Chemical analyses of the core effluent showed that the rock samples for which a pre-column was installed do not experience carbonate dissolution.
Finite element approximation of the Isaacs equation
Authors: Salgado Abner J. , Zhang Wujun
Published: March 2019

We propose and analyze a two-scale finite element method for the Isaacs equation. The fine scale is given by the mesh sizehwhereas the coarse scaleεis dictated by an integro-differential approximation of the partial differential equation. We show that the method satisfies the discrete maximum principle provided that the mesh is weakly acute. This, in conjunction with weak operator consistency of the finite element method, allows us to establish convergence of the numerical solution to the viscosity solution asε,h→ 0, andε ≳ (h|logh|)1/2. In addition, using a discrete Alexandrov Bakelman Pucci estimate we deduce rates of convergence, under suitable smoothness assumptions on the exact solution.
Entropy stable essentially nonoscillatory methods based on RBF reconstruction
Authors: Hesthaven Jan S. , Mönkeberg Fabian
Published: March 2019

To solve hyperbolic conservation laws we propose to use high-order essentially nonoscillatory methods based on radial basis functions. We introduce an entropy stable arbitrary high-order finite difference method (RBF-TeCNOp) and an entropy stable second order finite volume method (RBF-EFV2) for one-dimensional problems. Thus, we show that methods based on radial basis functions are as powerful as methods based on polynomial reconstruction. The main contribution is the construction of an algorithm and a smoothness indicator that ensures an interpolation function which fulfills the sign-property on general one dimensional grids.
Superconvergence points of integer and fractional derivatives of special Hermite interpolations and its applications in solving FDEs
Authors: Deng Beichuan , Zhang Jiwei , Zhang Zhimin
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we study the theory of convergence and superconvergence for integer and fractional derivatives of the one-point and two-point Hermite interpolations. When considering the integer-order derivatives, exponential decay of the error is proved, and superconvergence points are located, at which the convergence rates areO(N−2) andO(N−1.5) better than the global rates for the one-point and two-point interpolations, respectively. HereNrepresents the degree of the interpolation polynomial. It is proved that theαth fractional derivative of (u−uN), withk<α<k+1, is bounded by its (k+1) th derivative. Furthermore, the corresponding superconvergence points are predicted for fractional derivatives, and an eigenvalue method is proposed to calculate the superconvergence points for the Riemann–Liouville derivatives. In the application of the knowledge of superconvergence points to solve FDEs, we discover that a modified collocation method makes numerical solutions much more accurate than the traditional collocation method.
On a class of derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger-type equations in two spatial dimensions
Authors: Arbunich Jack , Klein Christian , Sparber Christof
Published: March 2019

We present analytical results and numerical simulations for a class of nonlinear dispersive equations in two spatial dimensions. These equations are of (derivative) nonlinear Schrödinger type and have recently been obtained by Dumaset al.in the context of nonlinear optics. In contrast to the usual nonlinear Schrödinger equation, this new model incorporates the additional effects of self-steepening and partial off-axis variations of the group velocity of the laser pulse. We prove global-in-time existence of the corresponding solution for various choices of parameters. In addition, we present a series of careful numerical simulations concerning the (in-)stability of stationary states and the possibility of finite-time blow-up.
Endovenöse Rekanalisationen von chronischen Beckenvenenverschlüssen
Authors: Lichtenberg Michael
Published: March 2019

Was ist neu?

Pathophysiologie Eine persistierende venöse Ausstromobstruktion nach iliofemoraler Thrombose führt bei vielen Patienten zu den Symptomen eines postthrombotischen Syndroms, wobei bereits eine persistierende Beinschwellung und venöse Claudicatio eine Einschränkung der Lebensqualität bedeuten kann.

Endovaskuläre Therapie Anspruchsvolle endovaskuläre Rekanalisationstechniken in Spezialkliniken ermöglichen die Wiedereröffnung von jahrelang bestehenden chronischen Verschlüssen der Vena cava inferior und der Beckenvenen.

Neue venöse Stentgeneration Inzwischen liegen immer mehr klinische Sicherheits- und Effektivitätsdaten für die neue Generation von Venenstents vor. Bei der Auswahl eines Stents sollte auf die jeweilige physikalische Eigenschaft des Stents geachtet werden, die sich teilweise sehr unterschiedlich zeigt bei den inzwischen neun in Europa zugelassenen venösen Stents.
Stand der digitalen Medizin in der Pneumologie
Authors: Dreher Michael , Jany Berthold , Nilius Georg , Woehrle Holger , Koczulla Rembert
Published: March 2019

Was ist neu?

Obstruktive Lungenerkrankungen Durch digitale Anwendungen wie Smarthaler oder telemedizinische Anbindung der Patienten z. B. über digitale Spirometer oder Apps können Betreuung und Krankheitsverlauf optimiert werden. Die Auswertung der Daten kann z. B. die frühzeitige Erkennung von Exazerbationen ermöglichen.

Pneumologische Onkologie Unter Nutzung großer Datenmengen ist zukünftig eine Veränderung der Lungenkrebsdiagnostik denkbar. Durch computerunterstützte Analyseverfahren können genauere prädiktive Aussagen zu Tumor, Prognose oder Therapieansatz gemacht werden.

Pneumologische Rehabilitation: In der pneumologischen Rehabilitation könnten digitale Unterstützungssysteme wie Apps zur Bewegungssteigerung oder Trainingsunterstützung in den Alltag integriert und auch nach der Maßnahme weiterverfolgt werden.

Schlafmedizin und außerklinische Beatmung Große Datenmengen aus medizinischen Geräten, wie sie z. B. in der Beatmungsmedizin eingesetzt werden, bieten ein besseres Grundlagenverständnis der jeweiligen Erkrankung. Therapien können mit digitaler Technik besser gesteuert und die Therapietreue der Patienten gesteigert werden.

Intensivmedizin Im Bereich der Intensivmedizin gibt es mittlerweile telemedizinische Anbindungen von Intensivstationen kleinerer Häuser an ein Haus der Maximalversorgung. Hierdurch kann die Qualität der intensivmedizinischen Versorgung flächendeckend verbessert werden. Die Telemedizin bietet die Möglichkeit zum ärztlichen Austausch im Hinblick auf diagnostische und therapeutische Entscheidungen.
Erhebung der Motive für den Konsum amphetaminartiger Substanzen anhand von Mind Maps
Authors: Thurn Daniela , Wolstein Jörg
Published: March 2019

Mapping-Techniken werden in der Lernforschung vielfältig eingesetzt, ihre Verwendung im klinischen Bereich ist jedoch weitgehend unerforscht.

Ziel dieser Studie war es daher zu untersuchen, ob sich Mind Maps für die Erhebung von Motiven zum Konsum amphetaminartiger Substanzen einsetzen und sich diese den 4 gängigen Dimensionen Verstärkungs-, soziale, Bewältigungs- und Konformitätsmotive der Konsummotivforschung zuordnen lassen. Weiterhin wurde die Motivverteilung bezogen auf den Konsumzeitraum (im ersten vs. letzten Monat des Konsums) und auf Subgruppenunterschiede analysiert. Deskriptive Analysen der Mind Maps gaben Aufschluss über besonders häufig genannte Konsummotive.

Methodik Anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurde ein auf den 4 Motivdimensionen basierendes Kategoriensystem entwickelt. Sechs unabhängige Rater ordneten 96 Patienten-Datensätze mit mehr als 1000 Konsumgründen in das Kategoriensystem ein. Es wurden unabhängige t-Tests zur Berechnung der Mittelwertsunterschiede in den Motivdimensionen nach Geschlecht und Alter durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Die Analysen ergaben eine sehr gute Interraterreliabilität von 0,87. Zu Beginn des Konsums sind insbesondere Verstärkungsmotive (v. a. Neugierde/Interesse/Reiz, Spaß/Kick/Rausch usw.), im letzten Monat des Konsums insbesondere Bewältigungsmotive (v. a. Verdrängung, Leistungssteigerung usw.) handlungsleitend. Weiterhin überwogen bei Frauen zu Beginn ihres Konsums Konformitätsmotive.

Schlussfolgerung Mind Maps ermöglichen eine reliable und valide Erhebung individueller Konsummotive und damit eine motivbasierte Auswahl der Interventionsstrategien.
Imaging of Hip Arthroplasties: Normal Findings and Hardware Complications
Authors: Deshmukh Swati , Omar Imran
Published: March 2019

Hip arthroplasty is a common and largely successful surgical procedure, often used for the treatment of advanced osteoarthritis. Imaging plays a key role in routine postoperative imaging surveillance as well as the evaluation of post-arthroplasty pain. Radiographs are the first-line imaging modality and may be followed by computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recent advancements in imaging techniques allow for metal artifact reduction on CT and MRI. A variety of complications can arise in the setting of arthroplasty: mechanical loosening, component wear-induced synovitis and osteolysis, adverse local tissue reaction, infection, periprosthetic fracture, implant dislocation and/or component displacement, tendinopathy, and neurovascular injury. This article reviews normal and abnormal imaging findings of hip arthroplasty.
A Multifactor Approach to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Qarni Taha , Salardini Arash
Published: March 2019

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an intermediate stage between normal cognition and dementia. Individuals with MCI are at increased risk of conversion to dementia, and the rate of progression of MCI to dementia is dependent on age, gender, and education. MCI may be diagnosed using neuropsychological criteria using cut-offs representing decrements in cognition, or using criteria to assess for a decline in functional status. The ability to determine the status of dementia-related biomarkers has allowed for better staging and prognostication in different forms of MCI. MCI is now recognized as a significant target stage for future therapies. These future therapies aim to reduce the rate of conversion of individuals with MCI to dementia. In this article, we review different conceptions of MCI, the diagnosis and prognostication of MCI, and presently available management approaches for this condition.
Academic vs. Private Practice: An Indistinct Distinction
Authors: Andrews R.
Published: March 2019

Interventional radiology (IR) practices take many forms, but often are distinguished as following either an academic or private practice model. Both differences and similarities are seen when comparing these two general practice categories, and often the line between the two models is unclear. This article reviews some of the commonalities and differences between academic and private practice IR, and provides personal insights from an author who has significant experience in both practice models.
Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clinical Review
Authors: Sivasathiaseelan Harri , Marshall Charles , Agustus Jennifer , Benhamou Elia , Bond Rebecca , van Leeuwen Janneke , Hardy Chris , Rohrer Jonathan , Warren Jason
Published: March 2019

Frontotemporal dementias are a clinically, neuroanatomically, and pathologically diverse group of diseases that collectively constitute an important cause of young-onset dementia. Clinically, frontotemporal dementias characteristically strike capacities that define us as individuals, presenting broadly as disorders of social behavior or language. Neurobiologically, these diseases can be regarded as “molecular nexopathies,” a paradigm for selective targeting and destruction of brain networks by pathogenic proteins. Mutations in three major genes collectively account for a substantial proportion of behavioral presentations, with far-reaching implications for the lives of families but also potential opportunities for presymptomatic diagnosis and intervention. Predicting molecular pathology from clinical and radiological phenotypes remains challenging; however, certain patterns have been identified, and genetically mediated forms of frontotemporal dementia have spearheaded this enterprise. Here we present a clinical roadmap for diagnosis and assessment of the frontotemporal dementias, motivated by our emerging understanding of the mechanisms by which pathogenic protein effects at the cellular level translate to abnormal neural network physiology and ultimately, complex clinical symptoms. We conclude by outlining principles of management and prospects for disease modification.
Infrared spectroscopy of C3–(H2O)n and C3–(D2O)n complexes in helium droplets
Authors: Tursic Scott A. , Arts Amanda M. , Harruff-Miller Barbara A. , Lewis William K.
Published: March 2019

The C3 molecule is an important species with implications in combustion and astrochemistry, and much of the interest in this molecule is related to its interactions with other species found in these environments. We have utilized helium droplet beam techniques along with a recently developed carbon cluster evaporation source to assemble C3–(H2O)n and C3–(D2O)n complexes with n = 1–2 and to record their rovibrational spectra. We observe only a single isomer of the n = 1 complex, in agreement with theoretical predictions as well as data from earlier matrix isolation studies. The spectra of the n = 1 complex are consistent with the ab initio structure, which involves a nearly linear arrangement of CCC–HO atoms in the complex. The C3–H2O spectrum we obtain exhibits slight differences from the analogous C3–D2O spectrum, which we assign to a difference in linewidth between the two spectra. We have also examined the n = 2 species and obtained a structure that appears to be distinct from those observed in matrix isolation studies and, to our knowledge, has not been previously observed.
Techno-economic evaluation of two alternative processes for production of green diesel from karanja oil: A pinch analysis approach
Authors: Mailaram Swarnalatha , Maity Sunil K.
Published: March 2019

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vegetable oil is a potential technology for the production of green diesel for direct application in unmodified combustion engines. This study provides the conceptual process design for HDO of karanja oils by two different routes: (i) direct HDO of vegetable oils (direct HDO) and (ii) HDO of fatty acids derived from hydrolysis of vegetable oils (two-step HDO). Pinch analysis was carried out to obtain energy targets and the maximum level of heat recovery and to design the heat exchange network. An economic analysis was then performed using USD 0.5 per kg as the retail price of karanja oil. The production costs of green diesel were estimated as USD 0.84 per kg and USD 0.798 per kg for direct and two-step HDO, respectively, for an optimum plant capacity of 0.12 × 106 metric ton per annum of karanja oil. The analysis was further extended to understand various cost-contributing factors and the effect of feedstock and the price of co-products on the manufacturing costs of green diesel. A discounted cash flow analysis was carried out to determine the minimum selling price of green diesel.
Enhanced antiferroelectricity and double hysteresis loop observed in lead-free (1−x)NaNbO3-xCaSnO3 ceramics
Authors: Ye Jiaming , Wang Genshui , Chen Xuefeng , Cao Fei , Dong Xianlin
Published: March 2019

Well-defined polarization-electric field double hysteresis loops are rarely observed in pure NaNbO3 (NN) ceramics due to the metastability of the field-induced ferroelectric phase. In order to stabilize the antiferroelectric phase, various ABO3-type binary oxides were incorporated into a NaNbO3 ceramic, where the B-site is occupied with transition elements. In this work, CaSnO3 was chosen to construct the NaNbO3-based solid solution by reducing the Goldschmidt tolerance factor and ionic polarizability. X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy images, and Raman spectra indicate enhanced antiferroelectricity. Typical double hysteresis loops were also observed from polarization-electric field measurements in ambient conditions with slightly weakened maximum polarization as the content of CaSnO3 increased. Our results reveal the generality of this strategy and pave the way for various applications involving high-power energy for NaNbO3-based ceramics.
Wide-range measurements of plasma density using a hairpin resonance microwave probe
Authors: Galka A. G. , Yanin D. V. , Kostrov A. V. , Priver S. E. , Malyshev M. S.
Published: March 2019

We propose a method for diagnostics of the density of weakly magnetized plasma using a resonance microwave probe, which allows decreasing the minimum measurable value of the density by three orders of magnitude, thus expanding the dynamic range of the measuring system significantly. Within the framework of this method, measurements are performed at a fixed frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency of a microwave probe in the absence of plasma, while minor variations in the resonance frequency of the system within the limits of the width of the inherent resonance are recorded by the method of amplitude-phase measurements. The paper presents a theoretical model of the measurement method and its experimental verification.
Solid state proton spin-lattice relaxation in polycrystalline methylphenanthrenes. IV. 1,4-dimethylphenanthrene
Authors: Beckmann Peter
Published: March 2019

We present and model the NMR frequency (8.50, 22.5, and 53.0 MHz) and temperature (97–300 K) dependence of the solid state 1H spin-lattice relaxation process in polycrystalline 1,4-dimethylphenanthrene. The solid state gives rise to a situation where methyl group rotation is the only motion on the NMR time scale and the relaxation rates due to the rotations of the 1- and 4-methyl groups are conveniently well-separated in temperature. At these low NMR frequencies, both the slow- and fast-motion limits are observed for the rotation of both methyl groups which allows for a more stringent test of the models. The relaxation is nonexponential as expected when it is caused by methyl group rotation in which case the initial relaxation rate is modeled. Parameters characterizing stretched-exponential fits of the relaxation process are also used both to quantify the degree of nonexponential relaxation and indicate that the observed relaxation is indeed due to the rotation of the two methyl groups. The results are compared with several other polycrystalline methylphenanthrenes and dimethylphenanthrenes. These systems allow for an investigation into how intramolecular and intermolecular interactions between methyl groups and neighboring atoms on the same and neighboring molecules determine the barriers to methyl group rotation.
Approximation algorithms for quantum many-body problems
Authors: Bravyi Sergey , Gosset David , König Robert , Temme Kristan
Published: March 2019

We discuss classical algorithms for approximating the largest eigenvalue of quantum spin and fermionic Hamiltonians based on semidefinite programming relaxation methods. First, we consider traceless 2-local Hamiltonians H describing a system of n qubits. We give an efficient algorithm that outputs a separable state whose energy is at least λmax/O(log n), where λmax is the maximum eigenvalue of H. We also give a simplified proof of a theorem due to Lieb that establishes the existence of a separable state with energy at least λmax/9. Second, we consider a system of n fermionic modes and traceless Hamiltonians composed of quadratic and quartic fermionic operators. We give an efficient algorithm that outputs a fermionic Gaussian state whose energy is at least λmax/O(n log n). Finally, we show that Gaussian states can vastly outperform Slater determinant states commonly used in the Hartree-Fock method. We give a simple family of Hamiltonians for which Gaussian states and Slater determinants approximate λmax within a fraction 1 − O(n−1) and O(n−1), respectively.
Exploration of the potential energy surface of the ethanol hexamer
Authors: Malloum Alhadji , Fifen Jean Jules , Conradie Jeanet
Published: March 2019

The potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the neutral ethanol clusters is among the complex PESs of the neutral clusters. This is due to the fact that the ethanol monomer has three different isomers. In this work, we propose a systematic procedure to thoroughly explore the PES of the neutral ethanol hexamer that can be extended to other ethanol clusters. Thus, we started with a thorough exploration using the ABCluster code which uses the Lennard-Jones potential model. The resulting structures are further optimized at the APFD/6-31++g(d,p) level of theory {APFD refers to the initials of the first four authors in Austin et al. [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 8, 4989–5007 (2012)]}. Finally, 68 APFD structures have been fully re-optimized using the second order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) method associated to the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set As a result, an isomer constituted of two trans ethanol monomers, two gauche+ ethanol monomers, and two gauche− ethanol monomers, is predicted to be the most stable structure using ABCluster. Full optimizations at the APFD/6-31++g(d,p) and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ levels of theory confirm that this isomer is among the iso-energetic most stable structures of the ethanol hexamer. We found that most of the iso-energetic most stable structures are constituted of at least two different ethanol monomers. This highlights the importance of taking into account all the possible monomers in the exploration of the neutral ethanol clusters. In addition, we found that all the structures having their relative energies within 1.7 kcal mol−1 are cyclic structures. The results show that the most stable branched cyclic structures lies 1.7 kcal mol−1 above the most stable at the APFD/6-31++g(d,p) level of theory.
Quantum-dot single-photon source on a CMOS silicon photonic chip integrated using transfer printing
Authors: Katsumi Ryota , Ota Yasutomo , Osada Alto , Yamaguchi Takuto , Tajiri Takeyoshi , Kakuda Masahiro , Iwamoto Satoshi , Akiyama Hidefumi , Arakawa Yasuhiko
Published: March 2019

Silicon photonics is a powerful platform for implementing large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs) because of its compatibility with mature complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Exploiting silicon-based PICs for quantum photonic information processing (or the so-called silicon quantum photonics) provides a promising pathway for large-scale quantum applications. For the development of scalable silicon quantum PICs, a major challenge is integrating on-silicon quantum light sources that deterministically emit single photons. In this regard, the use of epitaxial InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) is a very promising approach because of their capability of deterministic single-photon emission with high purity and indistinguishability. However, the required hybrid integration is inherently difficult and often lacks the compatibility with CMOS processes. Here, we demonstrate a QD single-photon source integrated on a glass-clad silicon photonic waveguide processed by a CMOS foundry. Hybrid integration is performed using transfer printing, which enables us to integrate heterogeneous optical components in a simple pick-and-place manner and thus assemble them after the entire CMOS process is completed. We observe single-photon emission from the integrated QD and its efficient coupling into the silicon waveguide. Our transfer-printing-based approach is fully compatible with CMOS back-end processes and thus will open the possibility for realizing large-scale quantum PICs that leverage CMOS technology.
Effects of carbon impurity on the ignition of deuterium-tritium targets under the relativistic shock waves
Authors: Najjar M. , Khanbabaei B.
Published: March 2019

One of the main concerns about the ignition and burn of deuterium-tritium (DT) plasma is the negative effect of impurities that can get into the thermonuclear fuel during target compression on the ignition of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target. So, the ignition condition of the spherical DT plasma of the ICF target in the presence of high-density carbon impurities at an arbitrary concentration is found. The ignition criterion of nuclear fusion plasmas is investigated using a two-temperature model derived from a common model. The ignition criterion is described by a surface in the three-dimensional space. This surface is defined by the electron and ion temperatures, Te and Ti, and the plasma density times the hot spot dimension, ρ·R, for different concentrations of impurities. In this paper, a two-temperature laser induced shock wave is used. We found that one needs a laser intensity of 7.5 × 1021 W/cm2, a pulse duration of 1ps, and an energy of 0.44 kJ that induces a compression of κ = 4 to ignite a pure DT pre-compressed target at about 500 g/cm3. Given the constant intensity of the laser, the increase in the carbon impurity concentration increases the alpha energy deposition in the igniter zone; on the other hand, the temperature of the igniter zone decreases as a result of high losses of power densities, so that for impurity values of more than 20%, practically no hot spots are formed.
Extension of frozen-density embedding theory for non-variational embedded wavefunctions
Authors: Zech Alexander , Dreuw Andreas , Wesolowski Tomasz A.
Published: March 2019

In the original formulation, frozen-density embedding theory [T. A. Wesolowski and A. Warshel, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 8050–8053 (1993); T. A. Wesołowski, Phys. Rev. A 77, 012504 (2008)] concerns multi-level simulation methods in which variational methods are used to obtain the embedded NA-electron wavefunction. In this work, an implicit density functional for the total energy is constructed and used to derive a general expression for the total energy in methods in which the embedded NA electrons are treated non-variationally. The formula is exact within linear expansion in density perturbations. Illustrative numerical examples are provided.
New modeling framework helps tailor designs of micro- and nano-structured stamps
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: March 2019

New modeling framework allows rapid comparison of designs for micro- and nano-structured stamps used to mechanically transfer patterns onto devices.