bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Stark broadening measurements on a spatially integrated plasma spectral line
Authors: Thouin Julien , Benmouffok Malyk , Freton Pierre , Gonzalez Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2022

In thermal plasma spectroscopy, Stark broadening measurement of hydrogen spectral lines is considered to be a good and reliable measurement for electron density. Unlike intensity based measurements, Stark broadening measurements can pose a problem of interpretation when the light collected is the result of a spatial integration. Indeed, when assuming no self-absorption of the emission lines, intensities simply add up but broadenings do not. In order to better understand the results of Stark broadening measurements on our thermal plasma which has an unneglectable thickness, a Python code has been developed based on local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) assumption and calculated plasma composition and properties. This code generates a simulated pseudo experimental (PE) Hα spectral line resulting from an integration over the plasma thickness in a selected direction for a given temperature profile. The electron density was obtained using the Stark broadening of the PE spectral line for different temperature profiles. It resulted that this measurement is governed by the maximum electron density profile up until the temperature maximum exceeds that of the maximum electron density. The electron density obtained by broadening measurement is 60–75% of the maximum electron density.
Simulation and Optimization of Emergency Evacuation of Huoshenshan Hospital Based on BIM and Pathfinder
Authors: Wang Liujia , Xiang Zishu , Chen Yaxing , Li Dalin , Wang Jian
Published: December 2022

After the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic, Huoshenshan Hospital, as the main place for patient isolation, is characterized by large floor space and high staff density, and its evacuation time is directly related to the safety of patients and medical care. In this article, we use BIM and Pathfinder software to establish an emergency evacuation simulation model, setting 2400 patients of different ages and degrees to participate in the simulation, and carry out the simulation in Steering behavior mode to study the influence of evacuation mode, exit size and initial distribution of personnel on the evacuation time and evacuation distance of Huoshenshan Hospital respectively. The simulation results provide a theoretical basis for the standardized management of Huoshenshan Hospital and have certain reference significance.
Research on the Influence of Educational Resources on Regional Economic Development
Authors: Ma Yingkai
Published: December 2022

Education resources refer to the sum of all manpower, material resources and financial resources invested in educational activities, which are scarce and mobile. On the one hand, due to the particularity of educational industry, education can’t provide education for everyone, and it’s also impossible for the state and society to put all resources into education due to the constraints of regional economic and social development. The allocation of educational resources is regional, and a balanced allocation of educational resources will have a great impact on the overall level of vocational education in different regions. Its coordination with regional economic development is also one of the indicators to evaluate educational resources. Therefore, the development status of each region is probably caused by the difference of education level. The influence of education on regional economic development has also become a hot topic discussed by scholars. In this paper, the influence of educational resources on regional economic development is further studied, and the research shows that the coordinated development of education and economy just adapts to Scientific Outlook on Development Thought of rapid, sound and balanced development. Education and economic development are mutually reinforcing and interdependent. The development of education promotes the economy, which in turn can provide more development resources and opportunities for education.
Study of webcasting on promoting college students’ consumption
Authors: Li Ruizhe
Published: December 2022

With the advancement of Internet technology and the popularization of mobile network devices, webcasting has become a popular entertainment method, and shopping rewards mediated by webcasting have also become a new consumption marketing model. It is of strategic significance to study the consumption behavior of the main groups of consumers under the live broadcast platform. Based on the social media marketing environment, this paper takes webcasting as the research object, and takes game livecasting as the starting point. The impact of webcasting on consumer behavior, combined with relevant theories, try to put forward corresponding reference strategies.
Does Green Transition Affect the Performance of Domestic Mining Enterprises
Authors: Xu Leran
Published: December 2022

The rise of green economy and sustainable development requires enterprises to pay more attention to comprehensive performance in the process of performance evaluation. With the rise of the concept of green mine, mine performance evaluation also pays more attention to environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources. The comprehensive performance evaluation index system of mines is constructed from three aspects: economic output performance, comprehensive development and utilization performance, and environmental governance performance. The comprehensive performance of 18 major mines in Songxian County, Henan Province is evaluated by using the analytic hierarchy process and entropy method. The results show that the overall performance of the main mines in Songxian County is low, and most of the mines have poor performance in comprehensive development and utilization and environmental governance. The task of building green mines is still very heavy.
Grid investment capability prediction based on path analysis and BP neural network
Authors: Zhang Chengke , Liu Huideng , Zhu Yuning , Wang Yuzhu , Hu Zeping
Published: December 2022

With the more complex investment environment of China’s power grid, the accurate prediction of the investment ability of power grid enterprises has become an important prerequisite for managers to make precise investment decisions. This paper first selects the factors affecting the investment capacity of the power grid from the internal and external environment, and establishes the index system of the factors affecting the investment capacity. Secondly, the path analysis is used to deeply explore the interaction relationship and influence degree of each index and investment capacity. Finally, the maximum investment capacity of the power network can be predicted based on the BP neural network prediction model. The results show that the BP neural network prediction model can achieve higher prediction accuracy when predicting the power grid investment capability.
Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for vascular diseases of the liver – current indications and open questions
Authors: Wiest Isabella , Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Görg Christian , Teufel Andreas , Michels Guido , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: December 2022

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is a widely available and well-tolerated technique that can expand the diagnosis of a variety of vascular liver diseases. This paper presents an overview of the current possibilities of the use of CEUS in vascular liver diseases. Particularly where Doppler sonography has technical limitations, CEUS provides additional opportunities to visualize vascular thrombosis and other obstructions restricting blood flow. When CT or MRI contrast agents cannot be used because of severe allergy or renal insufficiency, CEUS can be a valuable diagnostic alternative and has demonstrated comparable diagnostic performance in at least some vascular liver diseases, such as portal vein thrombosis. In addition, CEUS works without radiation and, therefore, might be particularly suitable for young patients and children. This may be useful, for example, in congenital disorders such as persistent umbilical vein or preduodenal portal vein. Vascular liver disease is rare and comprehensive data are still lacking, but the available literature provides promising insights into potential new ways to study vascular liver disease. Although most studies are based on small sample sizes or even case reports, the high diagnostic utility is undisputed.
Gelenkerhaltende Therapie bei Osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Yagdiran Ayla , Otto-Lambertz Christina , Eysel Peer , Semler Oliver
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund Die Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) ist mit einer
Häufigkeit von ca. 1:20.000 eine Skeletterkrankung, mit der
Pädiater und Orthopäden eher selten konfrontiert werden.

Methode Selektive Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank PubMed unter
Berücksichtigung von Fallstudien und Reviews bis August 2022.

Ergebnisse Zwecks optimaler Therapieentscheidung für oder gegen
eine operative Therapie bei OI ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit
von Pädiatern und Orthopäden unabdingbar. Während bei
Kleinkindern und der operativen Versorgung des Unterarmes häufig noch
Titanelastische Nägel (TENs) ihren Einsatz finden, werden sobald der
Durchmesser des Knochens es erlaubt im Wachstum primär
Teleskopnägel bei der gelenkerhalten Versorgung der OI genutzt. Der
hierbei weltweit mittlerweile am häufigste präferierte
Teleskopnagel ist der Fassier-Duval (FD) Nagel. Bei ausgewachsenen Jugendlichen
und Erwachsenen sind aufgrund der kleinen Markraum Durchmesser sogenannte
„Custom made Implantate“ notwendig. Bei fehlender postoperativer
primärer Belastungsstabilität ist eine Ruhigstellung indiziert,
die zu einem weiteren Abbau des ohnehin schon atrophen Muskels bei dem
OI-Patienten führt.

Schlussfolgerung Trotz Optimierung bzw. Entwicklung spezieller Implantate
stellt die gelenkerhalte Versorgung der OI weiterhin eine Herausforderung
für Patient und Arzt dar.
Distal Endoscopic Attachments
Authors: Desai Pankaj N. , Patel Chintan N. , Kabrawala Mayank , Nanadwani Subhash , Mehta Rajiv , Prajapati Ritesh , Patel Nisharg , Sethia Mohit
Published: December 2022

Endoscopy is an evolving science and the last two decades has seen it expand exponentially at a pace unapparelled in the past. With the advancement in new procedures like image-enhanced endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy, third space endoscopy, and highly advanced endoscopic ultrasound procedures, endoscopic accessories are also evolving to cater the unmet needs. Endoscopic cap or distal attachment cap is a simple but very important accessory in the endoscopists' armamentarium which has changed the path of endoscopic procedures. It has so far been used commonly mostly for variceal ligation and endoscopic mucosal resections for colorectal polyps. But the horizon of its use has expanded in the recent years for difficult clinical scenarios like providing stability to the endoscope, overcoming blind spots during screening colonoscopies, maintaining clear field of vision during endotherapy of gastrointestinal bleeding, and during magnification endoscopy for lesion characterizations and so on. These caps are of different shapes, sizes, colors, and material depending on manufacturers and their implications while performing varied endoscopies. This review summarizes the clinical utilities of the cap in diagnostic as well as therapeutic endoscopy and its expanding indications of use.
A Case of Pseudoaneurysm of the Superficial Temporal Artery Causing a Massive Subcutaneous Hematoma after Craniotomy
Authors: Tatano Masaki , Hayashi Seiya , Yunoki Masatoshi , Umakoshi Michiari , Hirashita Koji , Yoshino Kimihiro
Published: December 2022

We present a case of a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery (STA) after surgery for intracranial hemorrhage. To our knowledge, only three similar cases have been reported. A 47-year-old man underwent left frontal craniotomy for a left frontal subcortical hematoma. The left STA was not identified during the surgery, and no STA bleeding was observed. The postoperative course was uneventful for 20 days, until the patient experienced a left-side headache and noticed a subcutaneous mass. The mass increase in size within 1 hour and arterial hemorrhage was observed through a tear in the wound. Findings on subsequent contrast computed tomography were consistent with a ruptured pseudoaneurysm arising from the left STA. Emergency evacuation of the hematoma and STA ligation were performed. Pathological findings were consistent with a pseudoaneurysm. STA pseudoaneurysms occasionally grow rapidly and can cause massive hematoma. Surgeons should carefully monitor for evidence of a pseudoaneurysm after craniotomy, even in the absence of intraoperative bleeding from the STA.
Enabling next-generation wireless implant transmission
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2022

Next-generation medical implants will need to account for the nonlinear propagation of acoustic signals through biological tissue, which impairs wireless transmission.
SrB4O7:Sm2+ fluorescence improves the accuracy of temperature measurements in externally heated diamond anvil cells
Authors: Jing Q. , Zhang Y. , Liu L. , Xi F. , Li Y. , Li X. , Yang D. , Jiang S. , Geng H. , Chen X. , Li S. , Gao J. , He Q. , Li J. , Tan Y. , Yu Y. , Jin K. , Wu Q.
Published: December 2022

The sample temperature in an externally heated diamond anvil cell (EHDAC) is generally measured by a thermocouple fixed to the pavilions of diamond anvils, ignoring the temperature difference between the thermocouple and the sample. However, the measured temperature depends strongly on the placement of the thermocouple, thus seriously reducing the accuracy of the temperature measurement and hindering the use of EHDAC in experiments requiring precise temperature measurements, such as high-pressure melting and phase-diagram investigations. In this study, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 0–0 fluorescence line of strontium borate doped with bivalent samarium ions (SrBO4:Sm2+, SBO) is found to be highly sensitive to temperature and responds extremely rapidly to small temperature fluctuations, which makes it an excellent temperature indicator. We propose herein a precise method to measure temperature that involves measuring the FWHM of the 0–0 fluorescence line of SBO. This method is used to correct the temperature discrepancy between the thermocouple and the sample in an EHDAC. These corrections significantly improve the accuracy of temperature measurements in EHDACs. The accuracy of this method is verified by measuring the melting point of tin at ambient pressure. We also use this method to produce a tentative elementary phase diagram of tin up to 109 GPa and 495 K. This method facilitates high-pressure, high-temperature experiments demanding accurate temperature measurements in various disciplines. The study also discusses, in general, the experimental approach to measuring temperature.
Novel superposed kinklike and pulselike solutions for several nonlocal nonlinear equations
Authors: Khare Avinash , Saxena Avadh
Published: December 2022

We show that a number of nonlocal nonlinear equations, including the Ablowitz–Musslimani and Yang variant of the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, the nonlocal modified Korteweg de Vries (mKdV) equation, and the nonlocal Hirota equation, admit novel kinklike and pulselike superposed periodic solutions. Furthermore, we show that the nonlocal mKdV equation also admits the superposed (hyperbolic) kink–antikink solution. In addition, we show that while the nonlocal Ablowitz–Musslimani variant of the NLS admits complex parity-time reversal-invariant kink and pulse solutions, neither the local NLS nor the Yang variant of the nonlocal NLS admits such solutions. Finally, except for the Yang variant of the nonlocal NLS, we show that the other three nonlocal equations admit both the kink and pulse solutions in the same model.
Understanding dynamics in coarse-grained models. II. Coarse-grained diffusion modeled using hard sphere theory
Authors: Jin Jaehyeok , Schweizer Kenneth S. , Voth Gregory A.
Published: December 2022

The first paper of this series [J. Chem. Phys. 158, 034103 (2023)] demonstrated that excess entropy scaling holds for both fine-grained and corresponding coarse-grained (CG) systems. Despite its universality, a more exact determination of the scaling relationship was not possible due to the semi-empirical nature. In this second paper, an analytical excess entropy scaling relation is derived for bottom-up CG systems. At the single-site CG resolution, effective hard sphere systems are constructed that yield near-identical dynamical properties as the target CG systems by taking advantage of how hard sphere dynamics and excess entropy can be analytically expressed in terms of the liquid packing fraction. Inspired by classical equilibrium perturbation theories and recent advances in constructing hard sphere models for predicting activated dynamics of supercooled liquids, we propose a new approach for understanding the diffusion of molecular liquids in the normal regime using hard sphere reference fluids. The proposed “fluctuation matching” is designed to have the same amplitude of long wavelength density fluctuations (dimensionless compressibility) as the CG system. Utilizing the Enskog theory to derive an expression for hard sphere diffusion coefficients, a bridge between the CG dynamics and excess entropy is then established. The CG diffusion coefficient can be roughly estimated using various equations of the state, and an accurate prediction of accelerated CG dynamics at different temperatures is also possible in advance of running any CG simulation. By introducing another layer of coarsening, these findings provide a more rigorous method to assess excess entropy scaling and understand the accelerated CG dynamics of molecular fluids.
Pressure-dependent bandgap study of MBE grown {CdO/MgO} short period SLs using diamond anvil cell
Authors: Adhikari Abinash , Strak Pawel , Dluzewski Piotr , Kaminska Agata , Przezdziecka Ewa
Published: December 2022

Semiconductor superlattices (SLs) have found widespread applications in electronic industries. In this work, a short-period SL structure composed of CdO and MgO layers was grown using a plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy technique. The optical property of the SLs was investigated by absorption measurement at room temperature. The ambient-pressure direct bandgap was found to be 2.76 eV. The pressure dependence of fundamental bandgap has been studied using a diamond anvil cell technique. It has been found that the band-to-band transition shifts toward higher energy with an applied pressure. The bandgap of SLs was varied from 2.76 to 2.87 eV with applied pressure varied from 0 to 5.9 GPa. The pressure coefficient for the direct bandgap of SLs was found to be 26 meV/GPa. The obtained experimental result was supported by theoretical results obtained using density functional theory calculations. The volume deformation potential was estimated using the empirical rule. We believe that our findings may provide valuable insight for a better understanding of {CdO/MgO} SLs toward their future applications in optoelectronics.
Improvements to collisional ionization models for particle-in-cell codes
Authors: Morris S. , Goffrey T. , Bennett K. , Arber T.
Published: December 2022

A novel electron-impact ionization algorithm has been designed for use in particle-in-cell codes. This improved model uses a combination of modified-Bell and relativistic-binary-encounter-Bethe cross sections for greater accuracy and samples the secondary electron kinetic energies from a differential cross section. The algorithm also conserves the number of real-particle ionization events for arbitrary weighted macro-particles, while ionization schemes in existing algorithms are shown to break this condition. Further limitations of existing models have been explored, and the improved model is described within this framework. Benchmarks have been provided to demonstrate the accuracy of this new model.
A compact S-band relativistic backward wave oscillator with a 2.5-period slow-wave structure
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ge Xingjun , Dang Fangchao , Yang Fuxiang , Deng Rujin , Shu Ting , He Juntao
Published: December 2022

Compact is a significant research direction of low-frequency high-power microwave devices. In this paper, a compact S-band relativistic backward wave oscillator is presented. The radial dimension of the device is reduced by utilizing the characteristic that the cutoff frequency of the fundamental mode (quasi-TEM mode) of the coaxial Slow-Wave Structure (SWS) is zero. Moreover, a coaxial extraction structure is designed to enhance its resonance characteristics to reduce the number of slow-wave structures. In addition, a reflective structure with the phase difference between inner and outer conductors is used, which replaces the pre-reflection cavity and shortens the axial size of the device. A relativistic backward oscillator with a 2.5-period coaxial slow-wave structure is proposed through theoretical analysis, simulation calculation, and experiment. Its radial dimension is 160 mm (∼1.28λ), and its axial dimension is 320 mm (∼2.56λ). In the experiment, the results show that the output microwave has a center frequency of 2.41 GHz, a power of 1.5 GW, a pulse width of 92 ns, and continuous operation for 20 s at a repetition of 10 Hz.
Engineering the carrier lifetime and switching speed in Si-based mm-wave photomodulators
Authors: Hooper I. R. , Khorani E. , Romain X. , Barr L. E. , Niewelt T. , Saxena S. , Wratten A. , Grant N. E. , Murphy J. D. , Hendry E.
Published: December 2022

For a diverse range of semiconductor devices, the charge carrier lifetime is an essential characteristic. However, the carrier lifetime is difficult to control, as it is usually determined by a variety of recombination processes. For indirect bandgap materials, it is well known that effective carrier lifetimes can be improved by passivating the surface, effectively extinguishing surface-related recombination processes. However, for some applications, such as photomodulators for sub-infrared radiation, it is beneficial to tailor lifetimes to specific values, in this particular case trading off between photo-efficiency and switching speed. In this paper, we design a new type of silicon-based metamaterial with a tunable electron–hole lifetime. By periodically patterning a dielectric surface passivation layer, we create a metamaterial whereby the filling fraction of passivated relative to unpassivated areas dictates the effective charge carrier lifetime. We demonstrate tunable lifetimes between 200 μs and 8 ms in a 670 μm thick Si wafer, though in principle our approach allows one to generate any lifetime between the fully passivated and unpassivated limits of a bulk semiconductor. Finally, we investigate the application of these metamaterials as photomodulators, finding switching times that depend upon both the photoexcitation intensity, wafer thickness, and the carrier lifetime.
Dependence of contact angle of liquid phase eutectic gallium–indium with interfacial oxide layer on van der Waals attraction
Authors: Jung Sangyun , Lee Jongwon , Choi Sejin , Kim Wonjung
Published: December 2022

Gallium-based liquid metals (GBLMs) have both high fluidity and electrical conductivity and have recently raised great hopes with the promise of realizing soft electronics. By soft electronics, we mean electronic components that can retain their function while being bent and elongated. However, a nanometer-thick oxide skin forms on the GBLM surface, causing atypical interfacial behaviors, and the underlying physics remains unclear. Here, we present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the dependence of contact angle of liquid phase eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) with oxide skin on van der Waals attraction. Our experiments showed that when EGaIn has an oxide skin, only the static advancing contact angle, not the equilibrium and static receding contact angles, can be specified. We suggest a mathematical model that explains how the static advancing contact angle of EGaIn depends on van der Waals force and the tension exerted on the oxide skin, elucidating the physics that determines the contact angle of EGaIn with the oxide skin in microscopic analysis. Our study helps us to better understand the interface of GBLMs, providing new insight into microfabrication techniques for GBLMs.
Algorithm for analytic nuclear energy gradients of state averaged DMRG-CASSCF theory with newly derived coupled-perturbed equations
Authors: Iino Tsubasa , Shiozaki Toru , Yanai Takeshi
Published: December 2022

We present an algorithm for evaluating analytic nuclear energy gradients of the state-averaged density matrix renormalization group complete-active-space self-consistent field (SA-DMRG-CASSCF) theory based on the newly derived coupled-perturbed (CP) DMRG-CASSCF equations. The Lagrangian for the conventional SA-CASSCF analytic gradient theory is extended to the SA-DMRG-CASSCF variant that can fully consider a whole set of constraints on the parameters of multi-root canonical matrix product states formed at all the DMRG block configurations. An efficient algorithm to solve the CP-DMRG-CASSCF equations for determining the multipliers was developed. The complexity of the resultant analytic gradient algorithm is overall the same as that of the unperturbed SA-DMRG-CASSCF algorithm. In addition, a reduced-scaling approach was developed to directly compute the SA reduced density matrices (SA-RDMs) and their perturbed ones without calculating separate state-specific RDMs. As part of our implementation scheme, we neglect the term associated with the constraint on the active orbitals in terms of the active–active rotation in the Lagrangian. Thus, errors from the true analytic gradients may be caused in this scheme. The proposed gradient algorithm was tested with the spin-adapted implementation by checking how accurately the computed analytic energy gradients reproduce numerical gradients of the SA-DMRG-CASSCF energies using a common number of renormalized bases. The illustrative applications show that the errors are sufficiently small when using a typical number of the renormalized bases, which is required to attain adequate accuracy in DMRG’s total energies.
Stochastic averaging for a type of fractional differential equations with multiplicative fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Wang Ruifang , Xu Yong , Pei Bin
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on the averaging principle of Caputo fractional stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with multiplicative fractional Brownian motion (fBm), where Hurst parameter 1/2<H<1 and the integral of fBm as a generalized Riemann–Stieltjes integral. Under suitable assumptions, the averaging principle on Hölder continuous space is established by giving the estimate of Hölder norm. Specifically, we show that the solution of the original fractional SDEs converges to the solution of the proposed averaged fractional SDEs in the mean square sense and gives an example to illustrate our result.
Hierarchical equations of motion approach for accurate characterization of spin excitations in quantum impurity systems
Authors: Zhang Daochi , Zuo Lijun , Ye Lyuzhou , Chen Zi-Hao , Wang Yao , Xu Rui-Xue , Zheng Xiao , Yan YiJing
Published: December 2022

Recent technological advancement in scanning tunneling microscopes has enabled the measurement of spin-field and spin–spin interactions in single atomic or molecular junctions with an unprecedentedly high resolution. Theoretically, although the fermionic hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) method has been widely applied to investigate the strongly correlated Kondo states in these junctions, the existence of low-energy spin excitations presents new challenges to numerical simulations. These include the quest for a more accurate and efficient decomposition for the non-Markovian memory of low-temperature environments and a more careful handling of errors caused by the truncation of the hierarchy. In this work, we propose several new algorithms, which significantly enhance the performance of the HEOM method, as exemplified by the calculations on systems involving various types of low-energy spin excitations. Being able to characterize both the Kondo effect and spin excitation accurately, the HEOM method offers a sophisticated and versatile theoretical tool, which is valuable for the understanding and even prediction of the fascinating quantum phenomena explored in cutting-edge experiments.
New insights into the Haines jump in immiscible two-phase flow displacement
Authors: Guo Xiaokang , Yan Huan , Liu Hongshuai
Published: December 2022

In this study, we develop a numerical model of two-phase flow with a series of different contact angles θ based on real feature structures from scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the interface dynamics during the Haines jump are analyzed based on a typical model of the pore throat system. We found that under different wetting conditions, a series of fluid displacement patterns can be regarded as the minimum pressure drop displacement state for the completion of the constant flow displacement task. Moreover, the Haines jump event is no longer an unfavorable energy event that leads to rapid dissipation of energy but a favorable energy event derived by the system under specific constraints to avoid extra work. These new findings provide new insights into the wettability effect as well as the physical origin of the Haines jump event.
Gravity-driven film flow inside an inclined corrugated pipe: An experimental investigation of corrugation shape and tip width
Authors: Kuehner Joel P.
Published: December 2022

Fluorescence images were acquired in gravity-driven film flow through inclined corrugated pipes representing a range of corrugation shapes and tip widths. The film flow developed an identifiable statically deformed free surface with a wavelength similar to the substrate for most cases of corrugation shape and tip width. The amplitude and phase shift of the statically deformed free surface, as well as the steady-state film thickness, varied more with tip width than with corrugation shape. Transient fluctuations in the free surface elevation were examined for evidence of periodic traveling waves. In general, the film flow produced transient free surface fluctuations, and in many cases, periodic traveling waves with parameters that varied similarly with corrugation shape as with tip width. For flow conditions that produced positive phase shift, low amplitude, or minimal curvature of the statically deformed free surface, transient and periodic behavior were suppressed, supporting previous findings on the importance of the shape and position of the statically deformed free surface. An increase in corrugation tip width also reduced the transient and periodic response. These two findings implicate flow dynamics in the substrate trough as a leading factor in the development of transient and periodic behavior. Steady-state response and the existence of time-dependent behavior are influenced more by tip width than corrugation shape, in agreement with two-dimensional film flow over topography; however, transient fluctuation and periodic traveling wave parameters are similarly influenced by corrugation shape and tip width, which contrasts two-dimensional findings.
Pressure effects on soot formation and evolution in turbulent jet flames
Authors: Zhou Dezhi , Zou Shufan , Boyette Wesley R. , Guiberti Thibault F. , Roberts William L. , Yang Suo
Published: December 2022

In this study, two series of pressurized turbulent jet sooting flames at 1, 3, and 5 bar with either fixed jet velocity or fixed Reynolds number are simulated to study the pressure effects on soot formation and evolution. Through a radiation flamelet progress variable approach with a conditional soot subfilter probability density function (PDF) model to consider the turbulence–chemistry–soot interactions, quantitatively good agreements are achieved for soot volume fraction (SVF) predictions compared with the experimental data, regardless different turbulent intensities and residence times. SVF source terms are then discussed to show the pressure effects on nucleation, condensation, surface growth, and oxidation at different axial positions in these flames. It is found that surface growth and oxidation increase by about three orders of magnitude from 1 to 5 bar, while nucleation and condensation only increase within one order of magnitude. The stronger SVF scaling on pressure than measured data is found to be attributed to the inaccurate surface growth and oxidation scaling on pressure. Further analysis indicates that (i) the uncertainty of C2H2 prediction at elevated pressures is likely a major reason for the too strong surface growth scaling; and (ii) taking account of pressure effects in the conditional subfilter PDF modeling for turbulence–soot–chemistry interactions is likely a key to improve oxidation prediction. The results in this study open up the possibilities for improving future turbulent sooting flame modeling by improving C2H2 chemistry and turbulence–chemistry–soot modeling at elevated pressures.
Growth and depletion in linear stochastic reaction networks
Authors: Nandori Peter , Young Lai-Sang
Published: December 2022

This paper is about a class of stochastic reaction networks. Of interest are the dynamics of interconversion among a finite number of substances through reactions that consume some of the substances and produce others. The models we consider are continuous-time Markov jump processes, intended as idealizations of a broad class of biological networks. Reaction rates depend linearly on “enzymes,” which are among the substances produced, and a reaction can occur only in the presence of sufficient upstream material. We present rigorous results for this class of stochastic dynamical systems, the mean-field behaviors of which are described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Under the assumption of exponential network growth, we identify certain ODE solutions as being potentially traceable and give conditions on network trajectories which, when rescaled, can with high probability be approximated by these ODE solutions. This leads to a complete characterization of the
ω
-limit sets of such network solutions (as points or random tori). Dimension reduction is noted depending on the number of enzymes. The second half of this paper is focused on depletion dynamics, i.e., dynamics subsequent to the “phase transition” that occurs when one of the substances becomes unavailable. The picture can be complex, for the depleted substance can be produced intermittently through other network reactions. Treating the model as a slow–fast system, we offer a mean-field description, a first step to understanding what we believe is one of the most natural bifurcations for reaction networks.
A comprehensive review on subclinical mastitis in dairy animals: Pathogenesis, factors associated, prevalence, economic losses and management strategies
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar
Published: December 2022

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) particularly affects milk yield, quality and health of lactating animals. It is an apparently invisible problem that silently leads to enormous financial damage to the whole dairy industry. It is evident from previous studies that faulty animal husbandry practices including microbial infections, poor nutrition, unhygienic microenvironment, poor transition management of dairy animals and changing climatic scenarios are major reasons for increased SCM cases. The aim of this manuscript includes summarizing the factors associated with SCM and its effects on various performances of affected animals, detection methods and management strategies (improved nutrition, maintenance of optimum energy balance, genetic selection of mastitis-resistant animals, improved milking practices, hygienic conditions, emerging dry cow therapies, use of bacteriophages, utilization of plant- and animal-derived products and compounds) to curb the SCM cases in dairy animals. However, special emphasis has been made on the management practices that may be helpful in controlling SCM cases in dairy animals. A wide range of practices has been studied towards controlling SCM cases but it may not be denied that SCM is likely to be a continued challenge for the dairy herdsman.
Researcher-practitioner interaction: Collaboration to advance the field of human-animal interaction
Authors: Leighton Sarah C. , Nieforth Leanne O. , Chastain Griffin Taylor , O’Haire Marguerite E.
Published: December 2022

The study of human-animal interaction has increased in the recent decades, with research frequently accomplished through collaboration between academic researchers and human-animal interaction practitioners. While collaborations vary depending on context and characteristics, it is critical for both parties to appreciate the value of collaborative research and approach the process purposefully. The goal of this manuscript was to discuss strategies that support productive researcher-practitioner collaboration, along with identifying potential obstacles impeding such partnerships. A model for healthy collaboration is provided, which may be used as a template for researchers and practitioners alike when approaching a potential partnership. Important considerations include relationship building, establishing a common understanding, and advancing best practices in the field. Recommendations pertain to the identification of a research collaborator, ethical community-based collaborative research, alignment of key concepts and terminology, detailed reporting of both human and animal characteristics and welfare, and promotion of high standards. Finally, an example of successful collaboration is outlined. For the field of human-animal interaction to progress in its goal of elevating scientific rigor and growing the empirical evidence base, we must likewise elevate and grow our understanding and approach to scientific collaboration.
Exploring the Case: Successful hospitality micro-entrepreneurs in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah Taufik , Carr Neil , Lee Craig
Published: December 2022

Introduction

This case study investigates factors that contribute to the success of street food vendors based on interviews with vendors in Bandung, Indonesia. The study found that success for street food vendors is not exclusively related to gaining more financial and/or material possessions. Success can also be related to their business, individual and family well-being, and contribution to the community. The findings also show that achieving success for street food vendors can be attributed to several factors: networks, product and service quality, positive attitudes, and the utilization of technology.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and wrought Mg–Ni in-situ formed alloys
Authors: Maleki Milad , Jamei Fatemeh , Emamy Massoud , Mirzadeh Hamed
Published: December 2022

The effects of nickel addition to magnesium in the hypoeutectic range were investigated in the as-cast and extruded conditions. At low Ni content of 5 wt-%, the grain-boundary eutectics were present in the grain refined α-Mg matrix; while at high Ni content of 15 wt-%, the eutectic constituent became the matrix of the alloy with the appearance of α-Mg rosettes. The addition of Ni up to 15 wt-% led to a significant enhancement of the strength-ductility balance. Moreover, the formation of long Mg2Ni particles at the boundaries of eutectic colonies was explained based on the cooling curve thermal analysis results. Furthermore, remarkable grain refinement by dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) and fragmentation/dispersion of intermetallic particles during hot extrusion led to the improvement of tensile strength, ductility, and toughness.
Seeing spermine blocking of K+ ion movement through inward rectifier Kir2.2 channels
Authors: Lee Sun-Joo , Nichols Colin G.
Published: December 2022

Inwardly rectifier potassium (Kir) channels are a major potassium channel sub-class whose function is regulated by ligand-dependent gating and highly voltage-dependent block by polyamines. With molecular dynamics simulations over previously unattainable timescales, Jogini et al. (J. Gen. Physiol. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202213085) provide unprecedented visualization of K+ conduction through open Kir2.2 channels and of the molecular details of channel block by spermine.
EURAMET project 1479 (EURAMET.M.FF-S14)
Authors: Batista Elsa , Beaudoux Florian , Benkova Miroslava , Zygmantas Gediminas , Wennergren Per , Turnšek Urška , Atanasovski Jovan , Mihailović Mirjana , Akçadağ Ümit , Svendsen Gunn Kristin , Alexandru Braguta , Sánchez Carmen , Smits Erik , Mišovich Milan , Istrate Florin , Niessner Anton , Mićić Ljiljana
Published: December 2022

Main text

The aim of this project was to compare results and method calibration of a 1000 L proving tank. Both gravimetric and volumetric method were used by several laboratories. This comparison allowed the participating laboratories to test the agreement of their results and uncertainties despite the different used equipment and different calibration methods.

Another aim of the project was to determine long-term stability of the proving tank, since this tank was already used as a transfer standard in the intercomparison EURAMET 1157 in 2013.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Determination of elements in river water
Authors: Can Süleyman Z , Arı Engin Betül , İşleyen Alper , Jotanovic Aida , Acosta Osvaldo , Prina Pedro , Schvartz Mariano , Savić Milenko , Stojanović Maja , Forigua Diego Alejandro Ahumada , Näykki Teemu , Sara-Aho Timo , Vogl Jochen , Koenig Maren , Rienitz Olaf , Noordmann Janine , Pape Carola , Towara Jessica , Kakoulides Elias , Alexopoulos Charalampos , Ketrin Rosi , Mardika Eka , Komalasari Isna , Elishian Christine , Naujalis Evaldas , Knašienė Birutė , Uribe Christian , Carrasco Elmer , Zoń Agnieszka , Warzywoda Beata , Stakheev Aleksei , Dobrovolskiy Vladimir , Stolboushkina Tatiana , Glinkova Anastasia , Sobina Egor , Tabatchikova Tatyana , Gažević Luka , Paunović Marija , Jaćimović Radojko , Zuliani Tea , Pérez Zambra Ramiro , Napoli Romina
Published: December 2022

Main text

The need for quality assessment of anthropogenic impact on environmental pollution is increasing due to discharge from various industries, the use of chemicals in agriculture and the consumption of fossil fuels. Diminishing resources such as natural waters used for the cultivation of agricultural products, plant and animal habitats are under severe pollution pressure and are at constant risk. Several parameters, such as Pb, Cd, Ni, Hg were listed by Water Framework Directive in Directive (2008/105/EC) in the priority substances. Cadmium and Hg were identified as priority hazardous substances whereas As is an important contaminant for its potential toxicological and carcinogenic effects.

An inter-comparison study is organised in EURAMET TC-MC in order to demonstrate the capability participants for measuring five elements in river water. The participants carried out measurements for analytes: Pb, Cd, Ni and As as mandatory elements, and Se as an optional one. Participants were asked to perform the measurements with respect to the protocol provided.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Novel 3D printed single electrode-based portable and miniaturized electrochemiluminescence platform to detect lactate from human serum
Authors: Bhaiyya Manish , Rewatkar Prakash , Pattnaik Prasant Kumar , Goel Sanket
Published: December 2022

In low- and middle-income countries, three-dimensional printing (3DP) microfluidic devices have demonstrated their potential to be employed in a variety of point-of-care testing applications. This is due to the fact that they offer many advantages over traditional fabrication techniques, like rapid response, easy integration with miniaturized systems, requiring less sample volume, fast prototyping and cost-effectiveness. To the best of our knowledge for the first time, a novel 3D printed single electrode based electrochemiluminescence (3DP-SE-ECL) sensing device was fabricated and utilized to detect various analytes. To fabricate the 3DP-SE-ECL device, the commercially available conductive filaments, like graphene and carbon, were used and an in-depth analysis was performed by sensing H2O2. Furthermore, in order to validate the analytical performance, the best conductive material (graphene filament) was chosen to realize the optimized 3DP-SE-ECL platform, which was validated for lactate sensing. To detect the electrochemiluminescence signal, two approaches were used, first using photomultiplier tube (PMT) and the second by using a smartphone. The lactate concentration was changed from 100 to 7000 µM and a linear range was obtained from 100 to 1000 µM using both PMT and smartphone. Further, the limit of detection was measured to be 6.47 µM and 5.33 µM by smartphone and PMT respectively. To validate the practical usability of 3DP-SE-ECL, real sample analysis of lactate with standard spiking method was performed with excellent recovery rate. Overall, the fabricated 3D-SE-ECL device has the possibilities to be used for a variety of applications, including biomedical and environmental monitoring.
Study of MFL signal identification in pipelines based on non-uniform magnetic charge distribution patterns
Authors: Liu Bin , Lian Zheng , Liu Tong , Wu Zihan , Ge Qian
Published: December 2022

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL), a pipeline internal detection, is the mainstream technology for international oil and gas pipeline safety maintenance. To address the problem of large errors in the assessment of defects in pipeline inspection by existing theoretical analysis models, this paper introduces the charge density parameter to establish a mathematical model of non-uniform magnetic charge for pipeline leakage detection and calculates the non-uniform distribution pattern of magnetic charge on the defect side wall. The contour plot method is proposed to visually analyze the size of defects. To compare the error between uniform and non-uniform models, and verify the correctness of the theoretical model, experiments were systematically conducted on the X70 pipeline with internal MFL technology. The results show that: the magnetic charge distribution curve is symmetrically shaped at the center of the defect, with a valley at the center and two peaks at the defect edge. As the defect depth and width increase, the magnetic charge density increases sharply near the surface and edge. The peak-to-valley spacing and peak-to-valley values in the contour map of the MFL signal can directly reflect the location and size of defects. The signal characteristic values follow the trend of a first-order decreasing exponential function as the value of the lift-off increases. The first-order derivative of the signal characteristic value tends to decrease and then increase as the mesh size decreases, and the extreme point of the derivative curve is the best mesh size.