bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPLEX REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WHO SURVIVED ACUTE HEMATOGENOUS OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Rumyantseva G. N. , Schelochenkova T. D. , Sergeechev S. P. , Petrunichev V. V.
Published: June 2020

Until recently, only findings of local status and laboratory diagnostics were used as objective tests which defined terms and volume of therapeutic and preventive measures for clinical examination of patients who survived acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. The prescribed complex treatment does not take into account the following indexes: patient’s co-morbidity which is characterized by the autonomic reactivity; presence of stigmas of the connective tissue dysplasia, trophic status as well as psychological characteristics of patients. During the present study, connective tissue dysplasia was revealed in 70% of patients who had acute hematogenous osteomyelitis what was confirmed by the revealed phenotypic signs and biochemical blood markers. While assessing trophic status, a disharmonious body type and insufficient physical development were seen in patients who survived septic-pyemic form of the disease. Patients who had acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, even in the absence of markers of active inflammatory process, demonstrated signs of impaired adaptation-compensatory mechanisms involving the humoral regulation and a wide range of psychological problems which reflect tension of systems and play an important role in self-development and self-maintenance of the pathological process - the so-called principle of pathoautokinesis. Patients who survived hematogenous osteomyelitis, especially in the septic form, should continue their rehabilitation, have follow-up examinations and anti-relapse treatment. In this group of patients, multidisciplinary approach is needed for developing their rehabilitation program. Terms of this program should be individualized and defined by the normalizing of objective indicators (local status and comorbid conditions).
EXPERIENCE IN TREATING ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN TASHKENT
Authors: Akilov Kh. A. , Urmanov N. T. , Primov F. Sh. , Djurayev J. A. , Xadjayarov N. R.
Published: June 2020

75% of all emergency surgeries are surgeries for acute appendicitis. Annually, only in the Republican Scientific Center 700 appendectomies in children are made, in average. The article summarizes data obtained in the retrospective analysis of case histories of 6 256 patients with acute appendicitis and its complications who were hospitalized in the pediatric department of emergency surgery for 12 years. The following incidence of acute appendicitis in children is reported: from 1 to 3 years of age - 0.6 per 1 000; from 4 to 7-1.4-2.6 per 1 000; 13 years of age - 8 per 1 000. The authors discuss specific features in the clinical picture of acute appendicitis in children depending on patient’s age and anatomical location of the appendix. The clinical picture in children of older age and of the first three years of life is discussed separately. Out of 6 256 pediatric patients with acute appendicitis 72 (1.15%) were children younger than 3. The authors have substantiated a complex of diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations as well as tactic options to the treatment of this category of patients. Widespread implementation of the laparoscopic technique into surgical practice has significantly changed the tactics of treatment. The number of surgeries for simple appendicitis in children has decreased up to 3.9-7%.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE MUSCLE LAYERS OF SMALL INTESTINE IN THE SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME IN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Khasanov R. R. , Svoboda D. .. , Kohl M. .. , Gumerov A. А. , Vagapova V. S. , Gumerov R. A. , Wessel L. M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Patients with the short bowel syndrome often have intestinal dilatation which impairs intestinal functions. Changes in the muscle intestinal layers, which cause this condition, are not studied well yet. Purpose. To study the role of small intestine muscle layers in the intestinal adaptation and dilatation in the short bowel syndrome. Materials and methods. 22 rats were taken into the experimental trial; short bowel syndrome was modelled in 12 of them; 10 other rats which had only laparotomy were in the control group. The diameter and thickness of muscle layers in the small intestine and ileum were studied. Results. In the short bowel syndrome, one can observe a significant dilatation of the small intestine and ileum. Thickness of longitudinal and circular layers of the small intestine was significantly larger in rats with the short bowel syndrome in comparison to the control group. In the ileum, only the circular muscle layer was hypertrophied; there was no difference in the thickness of longitudinal muscle layer in rats with the short bowel syndrome and in rats from the control group. Conclusion. In rats with the short bowel syndrome, morphological changes occur not only in the mucous layer, but also in muscle layers of the small intestine what is manifested by the intestinal dilatation and hypertrophy of muscle layers. These changes are results of intestinal adaptation and are pathophysiological for the short bowel syndrome.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THERMAL MONITORING TECHNIQUES IN A PEDIATRIC RESUSCITATION AND INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Berezhnaya M. A. , Amcheslavskiy V. G.
Published: June 2020

This article includes studies which meet the requirements of evidence-based medicine and is written for resuscitation and intensive care unit staff. Articles from PubMed database were used in it. The review of the relevant literature is aimed at practitioners and nurses. These recommendations reflect the current scientific and clinical knowledge base. In everyday practice, the differences and limitations of thermal monitoring and the application of thermoregulatory effects in each individual patient should be taken into account. These recommendations should not be construed as a mandatory protocol of action, and the use of these recommendations does not guarantee a specific clinical outcome. There is no conflict of interest.
A CLINICAL CASE OF CONTINUOUS FLOW PERITONEAL DIALYSIS IN A ONE-MONTH OLD CHILD WITH ACUTE RENAL DAMAGE AND NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS
Authors: Rekhviashvili M. G. , Makulova A. I. , Chashchukhina A. B. , Brunova O. Yu. , Kucherov Yu. I. , Zaykova N. M. , Ivashkina T. V. , Wainstein N. P. , Korsunsky A. A.
Published: June 2020

Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborns (NEC) is a severe intestinal disease that occurs against the background of acute hypoxia, violations of normal colonization of the intestine by microflora, leading to necrosis and perforation of the intestinal wall, peritonitis. Frequency of occurrence of 1-5 cases per 1000 live-born children. Most often, premature babies and children with low birth weight get sick. The development of NEC in a child significantly worsens the prognosis and increases mortality. Modern development of medical technology has made it possible to provide assistance to extremely premature newborns, which has led to an increase in the number of patients with NEC who are in a critical condition due to the course of multi-organ failure, including kidney failure, which requires renal replacement therapy (RRT). The main method of RRT used in newborns and young children is peritoneal dialysis (PD). NEC in the initial stages is considered an absolute contraindication for performing invasive manipulations on the abdominal cavity, since the risk of disease progression with the development of complications requiring surgical intervention increases at times. Recently, peritoneal dialysis has also become widespread in deeply premature newborns, who are the main risk group for developing NEC. Peritoneal dialysis in the continuous flow modification eliminates high intra-abdominal tension, one of the provoking factors for the progression of NEC, and in foreign expert studies, there are reports that the dialysis solution improves the intestinal wall trophism. This article presents a clinical case of peritoneal dialysis in flow modification in a 1-month-old child with acute renal damage and necrotizing enterocolitis.
A SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS) AND ORGAN DYSFUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH ABDOMINAL TRAUMA
Authors: Anastasov A. G. , Scherbinin A. V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. To assess SIRS and organ dysfunction in children with abdominal trauma using generally accepted scales is an actual issue for today. Purpose. To verify clinical criteria for SIRS and organ dysfunction in children with abdominal injuries in the perioperative period. Material and methods. 18 patients, aged 6 -12, with injury of their abdominal organs were treated at the Kusch Pediatric Surgery Clinic ( Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital) in Donetsk in 2014-2019. 11 (61.1%) patients with isolated blunt abdominal trauma and injuries of parenchymal organs were taken into Subgroup 1; 7 (38.9%) patients with open abdominal organ trauma and multiple injuries of internal organs - into Subgroup 2. Assessment of mechanical injury severity and prognosis were made using Pediatric Trauma Score (Tepas J.J., 1985) and Revised Trauma Score (Fitzmaurice L.S. 1997). Shock syndrome gradations were made by the FEAST criteria (Fluid Expansion as Supportive therapy) (2017). Results. Nosological configuration of the injury (closed or open, isolated or multiple) as well as the volume and character of surgical intervention were used for defining SIRS severity in children with abdominal injuries. In the perioperative period, parameters characterizing the degree of disorders of vital organs served as unified criteria of organ dysfunction in children with abdominal trauma. Conclusion. Before surgery, the most informative indexes were: tachypnea RR > 18.0 per min, SpO2/FiO2 < 264, HR > 130.0 beats per min, total leukocyte count > 13.5∙109/L or 50% FiO2 to maintain SpO2> 92%, SpO2 / FiO2
BODY BALANCE DISORDERS IN SPINE DEFORMATIONS AND HIP JOINTS INSTABILITY
Authors: Chelpachenko O. B. , Zherdev K. V. , Fisenko A. P. , Yatsyk S. P. , Dyakonova E. Yu. , Butenko A. C. , Chelpachenko O. E.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The balance of the torso is the result of the interaction of various systems of the body, which provides a stable vertical position in space, which includes such components as afferentation, integration, effectors, and the peripheral nervous system. Material and methods. A clinical and radiological study of the coronal and sagittal alignment was carried out: 220 patients with idiopathic and neurogenic deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine (n = 98) and hip instability (n = 122), capable of walking. The reference group is represented by 60 relatively healthy children without scoliotic spinal deformities with stable hip joints. Radiological parameters were evaluated by orthostatic X-rays for the indicated groups of children when comparing the obtained data with reference values. Results. The features of changes in the pelvic incidence (PI) and other parameters of the spin alignment in patients with hip instability, significantly different from patients with spinal deformities and the reference group, were revealed. Conclusion. The obtained results of the study call us to pay more attention to the parameters of the coronal and sagittal alignment as a total. Assessment and preoperative planning of only local X-ray anatomical parameters in order to predict their postoperative changes does not take into account changes in the coronal and sagittal balance, which, according to most published data, determines the further quality of life of patients.
PERANAN METODE TUGAS TERSTRUKTUR DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR GEOGRAFI
Authors: Noviantoro Kurnia Maulidi
Published: June 2020

Abstrak: Metode tugas terstruktur adalah metode pembelajaran yang mengembangkan kemandirian peserta didik, peran guru sebagai fasilitator, tutor dan teman belajar. Tugas terstruktur sebelum proses belajar mengajar dimaksudkan untuk memantapkan kaitan yang kuat antara rangsangan yang berupa materi pelajaran dengan respon yang berupa kesiapan belajar, sedangkan tugas sesudah proses belajar mengajar dimaksudkan agar kemampuan yang telah terbentuk dari belajar akan semakin kuat tertahan dalam diri siswa dan semakin bertahan lama. Tugas terstruktur sangat berperan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar geografi siswa serta dapat memacu motivasi siswa untuk belajar. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Wa Ode Rahma(2018) bahwa hasil belajar siswa meningkat melalui pemberian tugas terstruktur. Perolehan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPS 3 SMA 3 Kendari yang awalnya 56% dengan rata-rata nilai 67, mengalami peningkatan menjadi 81% dengan rata-rata nilai 76 dalam pencapaian ketuntasan KKM setelah melalui beberapa tahapan pemberian tugas terstruktur.

 

Kata Kunci: peranan; tugas terstruktur; hasil belajar

 

Abstract: The structured task method is a learning method that develops student independence, the teacher's role as a facilitator, tutor and study partner. Structured tasks before the teaching and learning process are intended to establish a strong link between stimuli in the form of subject matter with responses in the form of learning readiness, while the task after the teaching and learning process is intended so that the abilities that have been formed from learning will be stronger held in students and more durable. Structured assignments are very instrumental in improving student geography learning outcomes and can stimulate student motivation to learn. This is supported by the opinion of Wa Ode Rahma (2018) that student learning outcomes improve through the provision of structured assignments. Students' learning outcomes at eleventh grade social science Senior High School 3 has significantly improved from 56 % with an average value of 67 to 81 % with an average value of 76 in achieving the Minimum Completeness Criteria after going through the several stages of structured assignment.

 

Keywords: role; structured task; learning outcomes
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI INDEX CARD MATCH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Nulinnaja Ratna , Cholilah Nur
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to improve student activity and the value or learning outcomes in social studies subjects at SMPI Bani Hasyim Singosari obtained when the teacher implements the Index Card Match strategy. The method used by researchers is classroom action research, whose research consists of 2 cycles, and four stages including planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. According to the pre-cycle percentage of student activity in social studies subjects only 45% of students are active in participating in the learning process with a score that is less than KKM. After carrying out the first cycle, obtained an increase in the percentage to 68% and the average learning outcomes obtained by students are 75 in accordance with KKM standards. Then the second cycle is carried out to maximize learning outcomes in social studies subjects. This cycle began a significant increase in the percentage of student activity to 90% and students were able to reach an average value of 85, which on average has exceeded the KKM standard. Thus it can be concluded that the use of the Index Card Match can be used sustainably in order to increase the activity and student learning outcomes.

Keywords: learning strategies; active learning; educational goals
UM ESTUDO DA HINTERLÂNDIA DO PORTO DE VITÓRIA DE 2014 A 2017
Authors: Coutinho e Silva Andreia , Vasconcelos Flavia Nico , Almeida Ana Paula Rainha , Guimenes Larissa Zuqui , Ferreira Josué King
Published: June 2020

A Hinterlândia é a área de influência de um porto, visto que quando identificada, é possível traçar estratégias e evidenciar oportunidades de crescimento e desenvolvimento para o porto. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a hinterlândia do Porto Organizado de Vitória, que é um complexo portuário importante para o Estado do Espírito Santo, onde através de levantamentos de dados de movimentações do porto, será possível delimitar suas zonas de influência, e com isto, buscar identificar e entender quais os reais desafios hoje, enfrentados pelos portos deste complexo.
ANÁLISE ENVOLTÓRIA DE DADOS (DEA) APLICADA A PORTOS: O ESTADO DA ARTE
Authors: Vargas Melina Nolasco
Published: June 2020

O desempenho portuário tornou-se fator determinante para o desenvolvimento da economia mundial, visto que o transporte marítimo é o principal elo da cadeia logística global. Assim, o presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar o estado da arte sobre DEA aplicado a portos. Através de levantamento bibliográfico, foram registradas cinquenta e cinco publicações sobre a aplicação deste método de modelagem matemática no setor portuário. Destas, quatorze estudaram os principais portos mundiais e apenas cinco focaram suas análises em portos brasileiros, o que pode ser considerado como uma lacuna de pesquisa. Além disso, constatou-se que a maioria dos estudos estão voltados para sistemas portuários de contêineres. Sendo assim, há oportunidade de exploração da ferramenta DEA para os demais tipos de carga.
Geolocation for research purposes: geotags as a data source
Authors: Strelnikova Anna V. , Burova Anastasia A.
Published: June 2020

The worldwide spread of social networks provides new opportunities to collect data for various applied research. The geotagging function, which is present in most social networks, is extremely useful in the case of spatial research. For urban researchers, this is more than just an opportunity to collect a huge amount of information about the behavior of people in space, but also to analyze the space itself. However, this type of data has both significant advantages and limitations. The article includes highlighting the most significant characteristics that urban researchers need to consider working with social networks: their volume (the ability to work with them as big data), non-reactivity (they are reproduced by the users themselves) and additional interpretations (they allow us to understand the meanings of certain elements of space for individual individuals or groups). The authors also illustrate the research opportunities provided by online data in combination with geotagging with various empirical examples.
The review of changes in the Russian science and technology legislation from January to April 2020
Authors: Vok Milena G.
Published: June 2020

This article reviews Russian legislation in the science and innovation field adopted from January to April 2020. It is divided into the following topics: science, technology and innovation policies; industrial policy; integration of science and education; intellectual property in science and innovation.The noteworthy documents are Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 24.04.2020, according to which it is planned to introduce an experimental legal regime in Moscow for five years related to the development and implementation of artificial intelligence technologies, and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 270 of on 04.16.2020, according to which the Government of the Russian Federation was instructed to approve a comprehensive program “Development of equipment, technologies and scientific research in the field of atomic energy use in the Russian Federation for the period until 2024”. Also, an important regulation is the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 287 of 16.03.2020, which approved the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Synchrotron and Neutron Research and Research Infrastructure for 2017-2027.Most of the documents have been adopted in order to implement the provisions of existing regulatory legal acts or make changes to them. They have been passed in the form of federal laws and subordinate acts, particularly, in the form of presidential decrees, government resolutions and ministerial decrees.
On the governance of Russian science
Authors: Shepelev Gennady V.
Published: June 2020

A model for describing the scientific sector management system is proposed. The management system for the research sector is considered by analogy with the methods used in the theory of automatic regulation. According to the model, control signals and output results of the system are analyzed.The article presents the characteristic features of administrative and market-oriented systems for scientific sector management, examines the dynamics of the formation of a modern management system and shows that the Russian scientific sector management system is a set of elements of the Soviet administrative management system and elements of market-oriented management.The analysis of strategic documents in the field of science has been carried out and it is shown that the management system of the research sector does not have verifiable strategic goals, which scientific organizations and the sector as a whole should strive to achieve.As a result, the formation of research topics is characterized by almost complete independence of scientific organizations and individual research groups and their isolation from the needs of industrial enterprises. In this situation, the role of public administration is relegated to the administration of the distribution of financial resources, and the conditions for allocating budget resources for the development of science are loosely tied to the solution of specific problems. Steps are proposed to form real priorities for the scientific sector.
Perendaman Serat Batang Aren dengan NaOH sebagai Substrat Hidroponik Cabai Merah Besar
Authors: Sari Yulfa Astuti Ika , Harjoko Dwi , Arniputri Retna Bandriyati
Published: June 2020

NaOH treatment is expected to can increased fiber tensile strength, therefore it is to become stronger and durable as substrate on hydroponic. This research aimed to study the growth and yield responses of chili, also fiber characteristic due to NaOH soaking treatment. This research was conducted on December 2018 to July 2019 at Greenhouse B and Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret. This method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that consisted of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was NaOH concentration which consists 6 levels; 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. The second factor was soaking duration which consists 4 levels; 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours. The results showed that NaOH treatment increased pH, bulk density, particle density and water holding capacity, however it is decreased macro pores on fiber. Treatment of 5% NaOH with 2 hours soaking duration decreased percent of fiber decomposed. Arenga wood fiber soaked on 2 hours duration increased root length. NaOH treatment decreased the number of fruits, weight fruit and weight of dried plant biomass, however treatment of 5% NaOH increased vitamin C content on fruit.
Identifikasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria pada Rizosfer Bambu Duri dengan Gram KOH 3%
Authors: Hardiansyah Muhammad Yusril , Musa Yunus , Jaya Abdul Mollah
Published: June 2020

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria is a group of microorganism that is able to increase plant growth and yield through reactions in the soil, but the large number of microorganisms contained in PGPR's rhizosphere from thorn bamboo make it difficult to know which bacteria are the most dominant and most active in influencing plants. This study aimed to determine the effect of using the 3% gram KOH test method in identifying PGPR bacteria from the thorn bamboo rhizosphere. This test was carried out at the Biofertilizer and Potential Microbial Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin from October-December 2019. The testing methods include making microorganism growing media, pouring media, planting bacteria with the scatter and scratch methods, also the gram reaction test using KOH 3%. The results obtained the use of the 3% gram KOH test method in the scatter method showed there were 2 samples that have mucus with a percentage of 40%, while in the scratch method showed all samples have mucus with a percentage of 100% so that the use of the 3% gram KOH test method has an optimum effect in detecting microorganisms especially in identifying plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.
RESISTENSI BEBERAPA AKSESI WIJEN TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA TUNGAU (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks)
Authors: TUKIMIN S. W . , PURWATI R. D. , RUMINI WIDI
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK

Serangan hama tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) padatanaman wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) mulai terjadi pada tahun 2005 yangmengakibatkan penurunan produksi di daerah-daerah pengembangan.Langkah awal untuk mendapatkan varietas tahan P. latus adalahmengetahui sumber ketahanan pada plasma nutfah wijen. Pengujianresistensi beberapa aksesi wijen terhadap hama tungau P. latus dilaksana-kan di Kebun Percobaan Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro, mulai April sampai Juli2008. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan aksesi-aksesiwijen terhadap tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks). Perlakuanyang terdiri dari 25 aksesi wijen disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok,dan diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan meliputi: intensitas kerusakan daun,serta jumlah telur, larva, nimfa dan imago P. latus dan dilakukan mulai 25HST hingga 75 HST dengan interval 10 hari sekali. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa intensitas serangan hingga 75 HST terendah padaaksesi HD 11 (50,0%). Nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori agak tahanterhadap kerusakan tungau P. latus. Intensitas kerusakan tertinggi padaaksesi HD 3 (63,33%), HD 8 dan HD 15 masing-masing 61,67%, dantermasuk kategori rentan terhadap serangan tungau P. latus. Populasilarva, nimfa, dan imago P. latus berpengaruh terhadap tingginya nilaiintensitas kerusakan.

Kata kunci : Sesamum indicum, resistensi, aksesi, Polyphagotarsonemuslatus (Banks)

ABSTRACT

The Resistance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Accessions Against Broad Mite Polyphagotarsonemuslatus (Banks)

Since 2005, investation of mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)has affected the decrease of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) productivity inits cultivation area. The initial first improvement to gain resistant varietiesto P. latus was identifying resistant source/gene of sesame germplasm. Theresistance evaluation of sesame accession against mite was conducted inexperimental station of IToFCRI, Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro from Apriluntil July 2008. This experiment was aimed at finding out resistanceaccessions against leaf mite P. latus. The treatment consisted of 25accessions and was arranged in randomized blok design with threereplications. The parameter observed were: leaves damage intensity, eggs,larvae, nymph and adult of P. latus. The observation had been performedsince 25 days after planting (DAP) with ten days interval until 75 DAP.The result showed that the lowest damage intensity at 75 DAP, wasobserved on HD 11 (50,0%). as moderately resistance. Other accessionswith high damage intensity were HD 3 (63,33%), HD 8 and HD 15(61,67%) and were categorized as sensitive to mite P. latus. Population oflarvae, nymph, and adult of P. latus influenced the damage intensity.

Key words: Sesamum indicum, resistance, accessions, Polyphagotar-sonemus latus (Banks)
A BOOK REVIEW OF CENTRAL BANK POLICY THEORY AND PRACTICE BY PERRY WARJIYO AND SOLIKIN M. JUHRO
Authors: Hill Hal
Published: June 2020

The volume under review is a most welcome addition to the still relatively slimcollection of economics volumes written in English by Indonesian scholars. Thereis an established tradition of senior Indonesian policy makers writing majorscholarly volumes in their fields of expertise before or after holding high office. Onethinks for example of Widjojo Nitisastro’s Population Trends in Indonesia (1970),Radius Prawiro’s Indonesia’s Struggle for Economic Development: Pragmatism inAction (1998), and Soedradjad Djiwandono’s Bank Indonesia and the Crisis: AnInsider’s View (2005), among several others. (It is noteworthy that two of theseauthors were also Bank Indonesia governors.) In an earlier era, Professor SumitroDjojohadikusumo was the trailblazer, combining serious scholarship along withhigh policy responsibilities. It is testimony to Indonesia’s political leaders andgovernance tradition over several decades that policy leadership and seriousscholarship have been able to comfortably and productively co-exist.
Parvovirus B19 infection and kidney injury: report of 4 cases and analysis of immunization and viremia in an adult cohort of 100 patients undergoing a kidney biopsy.
Authors: Kauffmann Maëlis , Bobot Mickaël , Daniel Laurent , Torrents Julia , Knefati Yannick , Moranne Olivier , Burtey Stéphane , Zandotti Christine , Jourde-Chiche Noemie
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: The seroprevalence of human Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is 70-85 % in adults worldwide. PVB19 is the etiologic agent of the fifth disease, is a cause of aplastic anemia, and can be associated with kidney injury. We aimed to describe the cases of 4 patients with kidney injury related to PVB19 primary infection, and to evaluate the seroprevalence of PVB19 and the incidence of PVB19 primary infection in patients undergoing a native kidney biopsy.METHODS: Cases of PVB19 infection with kidney injury were reviewed from the archives of the department of Nephrology. A systematic screening of anti-PVB19 IgG and IgM antibodies and viral DNA was performed in sera from 100 consecutive patients with a kidney biopsy in 2017-2018.RESULTS: The 4 patients with PVB19 infection-associated kidney disease displayed: one lupus-like glomerulonephritis (GN) without lupus auto-antibodies, one minimal change disease with tubular necrosis, one secondary hemolytic and uremic syndrome and one membrano-proliferative GN. In the 100 patients biopsied, 67 had elevated anti-PVB19 IgG, among whom 8 had elevated IgM, without circulating viral DNA, without any particular renal pathological pattern. One additional patient showed a seroconversion at the time of kidney biopsy, which revealed a class V lupus nephritis. CONCLUSION: PVB19 primary infection can be associated with different kidney diseases. The seroprevalence of PVB19 among patients with a kidney biopsy is similar to the overall population, and primary infection is rarely documented (1%) after systematic screening. Whether PV19 is nephrotoxic, or triggers renal endothelial injury and immune activation, remains to be elucidated.
Expression of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 isoform in plasma and stool of patients with colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps
Authors: Rigi Farideh , Jannatabad Aliakbar , Izanloo Azra , Roshanravan Reza , Hashemian Hamid Reza , Kerachian Moahammad Amin
Published: June 2020

Background: Tumor pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (tM2-PK), which is an isoform of PK-glycolytic enzyme and appears on the surface of cancerous proliferating cells, has been used as a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the tM2-PK measurement test for the diagnosis of CRCs and adenomatous polyps in plasma and stool samples in an Iranian population. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 226 stool and 178 plasma samples were received from patients referred to colonoscopy units. tM2-PK enzyme was measured using two separate ScheBo-Biotech-AG ELISA kits for stool and plasma samples. Results: According to ROC curves, in the tumor group, at the cut-off value of 4 U/ml, the sensitivity of fecal tM2-PK test was 100% and the specificity was 68%, and in the polyp group, the sensitivity and specificity were 87% and 68%, respectively. For tumor detection in plasma specimens, a cut-off value >25 U/ml has a sensitivity and specificity of 90.9% and 91.3%, respectively. Similarly, for polyp detection, a cut-off value >19 U/ml has a sensitivity of 96.3% and the specificity of 85.5%. Conclusions: Based on our results, a cut-off range of 4.8-8 U/ml and >8 U/ml could be used to detect polyp and tumor in stool samples, respectively. Similarly, a cut-off range of 19-25 U/ml and >25 U/ml is recommended in plasma samples, suggesting tM2-PK test as a non-invasive assay to diagnose CRC and adenomatous polyps.
Correlates of Physical Activity Behavior in Adults: A Data Mining Approach
Authors: Farrahi Vahid , Niemelä Maisa , Kärmeniemi Mikko , Puhakka Soile , Kangas Maarit , Korpelainen Raija , Jämsä Timo
Published: June 2020

Purpose: A data mining approach was applied to establish a multilevel hierarchy predicting physical activity (PA) behavior, and to methodologically identify the correlates of PA behavior.Methods: Cross-sectional data from the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study, collected in the most recent follow-up at age 46, were used to create a hierarchy using the chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree technique for predicting PA behavior. PA behavior is defined as active or inactive based on machine-learned activity profiles, which were previously created through a multidimensional (clustering) approach on continuous accelerometer-measured activity intensities in one week. The input variables (predictors) used for decision tree fitting consisted of individual, demographical, psychological, behavioral, environmental, and physical factors. Using generalized linear mixed models, we also analyzed how factors emerging from the model were associated with three PA metrics, including daily time (minutes per day) in sedentary (SED), light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), to assure the relative importance of methodologically identified factors.Results: Of the 4,582 participants with valid accelerometer data at the latest follow-up, 2,701 and 1,881 had active and inactive profiles, respectively. We used a total of 168 factors as input variables to classify these two PA behaviors. Out of these 168 factors, the decision tree selected 36 factors of different domains from which 54 subgroups of participants were formed. The emerging factors from the model explained minutes per day in SED, LPA, and/or MVPA, including body fat percentage (SED: B=26.5, LPA: B=-16.1, and MVPA: B=-11.7), normalized heart rate recovery 60 seconds after exercise (SED: B=-16.1, LPA: B=9.9, and MVPA: B=9.6), average weekday total sitting time (SED: B=34.1, LPA: B=-25.3, and MVPA: B=-5.8), and extravagance score (SED: B=6.3 and LPA: B=-3.7).Conclusions: Using data mining, we established a data-driven model composed of 36 different factors of relative importance from empirical data. This model may be used to identify subgroups for multilevel intervention allocation and design. Additionally, this study methodologically discovered an extensive set of factors that can be a basis for additional hypothesis testing in PA correlates research.
Withdrawal of Treatment in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at a Children’s Hospital in China: A 10-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Su Dongni , Guo Xubei , Dai Yunhong , Dong Xingqiang , Zhu Qiujiao , Bai Zhengjiang , Li Ying , Wu Shuiyan
Published: June 2020

Background: Published data and practice recommendations on end-of-life care generally reflect Western practice frameworks; there are limited data that refer to withdrawing treatment of children in China. Methods: Withdrawing treatment of children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a regional children’s hospital in eastern China from 2006 to 2017 was studied retrospectively. Withdrawing treatment was divided into medical withdrawal and premature withdrawal as defined. The guardian’s self-reported reasons for abandoning the child’s treatment were recorded from 2011.Results: The incidence of withdrawing treatment from children in the PICU decreased significantly, for premature withdrawal, from a 3-year average of 15.1% in 2006–2008 to 1.9% in 2015–2017 (87.4% reduction). The overall incidence of withdrawal of care reduced over the time period, and withdrawal of therapy by guardians was the main contributor to the overall reduction. The median age of children from whom treatment was withdrawn increased from 14.5 (interquartile range: 4.0–72.0) months in 2006 to 40.5 (interquartile range: 8.0–99.0) months in 2017. Among the reasons given by guardians of children whose treatments were withdrawn in 2011–2017, “illness is too severe” ranked first, accounting for 66.3%, followed by “condition has been improved” (20.9%). Only a few of the guardians ascribed withdrawing treatment to economic reasons.Conclusions: The frequency of withdrawal of medical therapy has changed over time in this children’s hospital PICU, and parental decision-making has been a large part of the change.
The Impact of an Audience Response System on a summative Assessment, a controlled Field Study
Authors: Schmidt Thorsten , Gazou Anastasia , Riess Angelika , Riess Olaf , Grundmann-Hauser Kathrin , Falb Ruth , Schadeck Malou , Heinrich Tilman , Abeditashi Mahkameh , Schmidt Jana , Mau-Holzmann Ulrike , Schnabel Kai
Published: June 2020

Background: Audience response systems allow to activate the audience and to receive a direct feedback of participants during lectures. Modern systems do not require any proprietary hardware anymore. Students can directly respond on their smartphone. Several studies reported about a high level of satisfaction of students when audience response systems are used, however their impact on learning success is still unclear.Methods: In order to evaluate the impact of an audience response system on the learning success we implemented the audience response system eduVote into a seminar series and performed a controlled crossover study on its impact on assessments. 154 students in nine groups were taught the same content. In four groups, eduVote was integrated for the first topic while five groups were taught this topic without the audience response systems. For a second topic, the groups were switched: Those groups who were taught before using eduVote were now taught without the audience response system and vice versa. We then analysed the impact of the audience response system on the students’ performance in a summative assessment and specifically focused on questions dealing with the topic, for which the audience response system was used during teaching. We further assessed the students’ perception on the use of eduVote using questionnaires.Results: In our controlled crossover study we could not confirm an impact of the audience response system eduVote on long-term persistence i.e. the students’ performance in the summative assessment. Our evaluation revealed that students assessed the use of eduVote very positively, felt stronger engaged and better motivated to deal with the respective topics and would prefer their integration into additional courses as well. In particular we identified that students who feel uncomfortable with answering questions in front of others profit from the use of an audience response system during teaching.Conclusions: Audience response systems motivate and activate students and increase their engagement during classes. However, their impact on long-term persistence and summative assessments may be limited. Audience response systems, however, specifically allow activating students which cannot be reached by the traditional way of asking questions without such an anonymous tool.
Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer animal models
Authors: Chen Qitian , Chen Ran , Dong Youhong
Published: June 2020

Background: Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer (GC) animal models and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and inter- leukin-10 (IL-10) were evaluated. Methods: Forty mice of a GC model xenograft tumors were prepared and randomly divided into blank control group, endostar group, radiotherapy group and endostar combined with radiotherapy group (combination group). From the 14th day, a vernier caliper was used for measuring the long and short diameters of the xenograft tumors. The formula V = ab2/2 was used for calculating the tumor volume and to obtain its average value. Tumor growth curves were plotted to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. The growth of xenograft tumors and the behavioral changes of mice were observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1. Results: The tumor growth in the combination group was significantly inhibited and the tumor volume was the smallest compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Compared to the blank control group, the tumor inhibition rate was 11.8% in endostar group, 33.0% in radiotherapy group and 52.1% in combination group (p<0.01). Endostar combined with radiotherapy had an interaction in decreasing the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL‑10 (F=4.35 and 5.12, p<0.05). Leucocyte count was significantly higher in control and combination groups than that in endostar and radiotherapy groups. The body weight of mice in endostar and radiotherapy groups decreased after treatment (p<0.05). The body weight of mice after treatment in control and combination groups increased, with a statistically significant difference compared to that before treatment (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference among all groups after treatment (F=198.1, p<0.01). Conclusions: Endostar combined with radiotherapy can inhibit tumor growth and downregulate the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 through synergistic action.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Italy: knowledge, management of patients and clinical experience of Italian dentists during the spread of contagion
Authors: Putrino Alessandra , Raso Mario , Magazzino Cosimo , Galluccio Gabriella
Published: June 2020

Background: The coronavirus infection that emerged in China in the last few months of 2019 has now spread globally. Italy registered its first case in the second half of February, and in a short time period, it became the top country in Europe in terms of the number of infected people and the first in the world in terms of deaths. The medical and scientific community has been called upon to manage the emergency and to take measures. Dentists also need to take new precautions during their clinical activity to protect themselves, coworkers and patients from the risks of contagion and to avoid further spread of infection. Methods: Following the data published in the international literature as well as the guidelines and directives constantly updated by the WHO and by the national health authorities, a questionnaire to be completed anonymously was submitted online to Italian dentists using social tools and online professional platforms. The collected data were processed statistically, providing descriptive data and analysis of correlations of the most significant parameters using the Pearson’s χ2, the Likelihood-Ratio χ2, Cramér’s V, Fisher’s exact test, Goodman and Kruskal’s γ, and Kendall’s τb (p<0.05). Results: A total of 535 dentists from Italy participated in the survey. A good level of scientific knowledge about coronavirus and the extra precautionary measures needed to limit the spread was related to the age of respondents and their sex. Coming from areas with higher concentrations of cases affected knowledge, level of attention and perception of risk related to dental activity. Conclusions: At the moment, there are no therapies or vaccines to contain the infection with the new coronavirus that is causing many infections, many of which are fatal, worldwide. Dentists are one of the categories at highest risk of encountering diseases and infections because they work in close proximity with patients, and in their procedures, there is always contact with aerosols with high bacterial and viral potential. Therefore, during this COVID-19 emergency, it is important that dentists are properly informed and take the appropriate precautionary measures.
Long noncoding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by cis-regulating the nearby gene MK5 and acting as a let-7f-1-3p sponge
Authors: Yang Ting , Chen Wei-Cong , Shi Pei-Cong , Liu Man-Ru , Jiang Tao , Song Hu , Wang Jia-Qi , Fan Rui-Zhi , Pei Dong-Sheng , Song Jun
Published: June 2020

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered critical regulators in cancers; however, the clinical significance and mechanisms of MAPKAPK5-AS1 (hereinafter referred to as MK5-AS1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain mostly unknown. Methods: In this study, quantitative real-time PCR ( qPCR ) and western blotting were utilized to detect the levels of MK5-AS1, let-7f-1-3p and MK5 (MAPK activated protein kinase 5) in CRC tissues and cell lines. The biological functions of MK5-AS1, let-7f-1-3p and MK5 in CRC cells were explored using Cell Counting Kit-8 ( CCK8 ), colony formation and transwell assays. The potential mechanisms of MK5-AS1 were evaluated by RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation ( RIP ), dual luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation ( CHIP ) and bioinformatics analysis. The effects of MK5-AS1 and MK5 on CRC were investigated by a xenotransplantation model. Results : We confirmed that MK5-AS1 was significantly increased in CRC tissues. Knockdown of MK5-AS1 suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro and inhibited lung metastasis in mice. Mechanistically, MK5-AS1 regulated SNAI1 expression by sponging let-7f-1-3p and cis -regulated the adjacent gene MK5. Moreover, MK5-AS1 recruited RBM4 and eIF4A1 to promote the translation of MK5. Our study verified that MK5 promoted the phosphorylation of c-Jun, which activated the transcription of SNAI1 by directly binding to its promoter. Conclusions : MK5-AS1 cis -regulated the nearby gene MK5 and acted as a let-7f-1-3p sponge, playing a vital role in CRC tumorigenesis. This study could provide novel insights into molecular therapeutic targets of CRC.
Development and evaluation of an evidence-based medicine module in the undergraduate medical curriculum
Authors: Shahrani Abeer Salem Al
Published: June 2020

Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a core competence in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula. However, its integration into curricula varies widely. Our study will help medical colleges develop, implement and evaluate their EBM courses. We assessed the effectiveness of workshops in improving critical appraisal skills among medical students.Methods: A before-and-after study design without a control group was used. A 5-week short EBM module including lectures, workshops, and online search sessions was conducted with 52 fourth-year medical students during their primary healthcare course at the College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, US). Parametric tests as well as Student’s paired t-test for pre- and post-test comparisons were used.Results: Forty-nine (49) participants completed the pre- and post-training Fresno tests, and 44.9% of the participants had a GPA of 4.0 or higher. The mean Fresno test score increased from 45.63 (SD 21.89) on the pre-test to 64.49 (SD 33.31) on the post-test, with significant improvements in the following items: search strategies, relevance, internal validity, magnitude and significance of results, statistical values of diagnosis studies (sensitivity, specificity, and LR), statistical values of therapy studies (ARR, RRR, and NNT), and best study design for diagnosis and prognosis (P<0.05).Conclusion: This study supports that a short course in EBM that is incorporated into the undergraduate curriculum, especially in the clinical years, might be effective in improving medical students’ knowledge and skills in EBM. However, prospective studies are necessary to assess the long-term impact of these interventions and ultimately their effectiveness for clinical decision making. Trial registration: not applicable