bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of lignin structure composition on anaerobic digestion based on lignin monomer model compounds
Authors: Li Qiumin , Yang Bin , Liang Chengyue , Wu kai , zhao Xingling , wang Changmei , liu Jing , yang Hong , yin Fang , Zhang Wudi
Published: August 2024

Lignin crucially influences the methanogenesis of lignocellulose. However, the specific mechanism of lignin that affects anaerobic digestion remains unclear. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of the structural monomers of lignin on anaerobic digestion using batch fermentation and model compounds. The results reveal that at low concentrations (0.02–0.1 g/L) phenol and guaiacol promoted biogas production, whereas higher concentrations inhibited methanogenesis and delayed peak biogas production. Complete inhibition of biogas production occurred at phenol concentrations ≥ 3.0 g/L or guaiacol concentrations ≥ 8.0 g/L. Furthermore, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol had no significant effect on digestion at 0.02–0.2 g/L, but increased both the delay period and overall biogas production at 1.0–4.0 g/L. The inhibitory effects are ascribed primarily to acid production being hindered, particularly acetic acid for phenol and guaiacol, whereas 2,6-dimethoxyphenol caused acidification. As found, the inhibitory effect of syringyl lignin was lower than those of guaiacyl lignin and p-hydroxyphenyl lignin. These findings underscore the complex interactions between lignin monomers and anaerobic digestion for methane production.
Estimating soil moisture and organic matter contents in salt-affected farmlands using hyperspectral remote sensing machine learning
Authors: Ding Qidong , Huang Huayu , Zhang Junhua , Wang Yijing , Jia Keli
Published: August 2024

Soil salinisation and alkalinisation are a major constraint to sustainable agricultural development, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Hyperspectral remote sensing enables rapid and dynamic monitoring of soil properties, but it is still a challenge to improve the estimation accuracy. The aim of this study was to improve the accuracy of estimating soil moisture content (SMC) and soil organic matter (SOM) in salt-affected farmlands based on multi-source data. Nine study sites in the Hetao Plain, northwestern China were selected to acquire field hyperspectral data and measure soil properties. Spectral transformations were performed after preprocessing of the original hyperspectral reflectance data. Feature bands were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and multi-band spectral index development. Topographic, climatic and edaphic covariates were introduced to build models for SMC and SOM estimation based on four machine learning algorithms. The results showed that standard normal variate and fractional-order derivative transformations effectively captured subtle information in spectral data. Three-band spectral indices showed stronger correlations with SMC and SOM than two-band spectral indices. For the two soil properties, extremely randomised tree (ERT) models achieved the highest accuracy, followed by random forest, support vector machine and partial least squares regression models. The ERT models yielded R2 values of 0.91 and 0.96 for SMC and SOM, respectively. Interpretation of the ERT models using SHapley Additive exPlanations revealed that soil total nitrogen, followed by climatic factors, was the leading factor contributing to both SMC and SOM estimation. While the contribution of three-band spectral indices to model estimation was no greater than that of two-band spectral indices, there were notable differences in the contribution of single spectral bands. This study provides a new perspective to accurately estimate SMC and SOM in salt-affected farmlands. Recommendations for site-specific farmland management are given to facilitate soil amelioration.
Combating Multidrug Resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Synergistic Approach with Repurposed Drugs
Authors: Rani Kusum , Harikota Hepsiba , Mohapatra Saroj K. , Tripathi Shyam , Sharma Shingini , Sharma Amit , Poornima Sheba Samuel , Rattan Ashok , Raj V. Samuel
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global crisis endangering public health and the economy worldwide. The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, has led to a critical situation where treating infections caused by bacteria resistant to antibiotics like carbapenems and colistin, has become increasingly challenging and costly. In response, combination antibiotic therapy has emerged as a crucial strategy when single-drug treatments prove ineffective, offering a potential solution to combat the highly resistant pathogens effectively.
Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate AMR in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, as well as the potential synergistic effects of combining Auranofin and MMV675968 with other FDA approved antimicrobial agents.
Methods
The antimicrobial susceptibility test used the broth micro-dilution method, and polymerase chain reactions were employed to detect resistance genes associated with AMR in clinical isolates. Combination studies were performed using the checkerboard assay against E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates resistant to meropenem and colistin.
Results
The study revealed high rate of ESBLs and carbapenemase-producing MDR clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. It demonstrated that Auranofin exhibited synergistic activity with colistin (80%), meropenem (60%) levofloxacin (60%), and nitrofurantoin (90%). Additionally, a combination of MMV675968 with colistin (50%), meropenem (40%) with levofloxacin (80%), and nitrofurantoin (60%) also showed synergy against these MDR isolates.
Conclusion
Repurposing existing drugs and combining them in novel ways offers a rapid and resource-efficient strategy to combat MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections and address the growing threat of AMR.
25-hydroxycholesterol promotes brain cytokine production and leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation
Authors: Romero Johnathan , Toral-Rios Danira , Yu Jinsheng , Paul Steven M , Cashikar Anil G
Published: August 2024

Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Microglia are key drivers of neuroinflammation and in response to different inflammatory stimuli overexpress a proinflammatory signature of genes. Among these, Ch25h is a gene overexpressed in brain tissue from Alzheimer’s disease as well as various mouse models of neuroinflammation. Ch25h encodes cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, an enzyme upregulated in activated microglia under conditions of neuroinflammation, hydroxylates cholesterol to form 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). 25HC can be further metabolized to 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, which is a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes. We have previously shown that 25HC increases production and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, by primary mouse microglia treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present study, wildtype (WT) and Ch25h-knockout (CKO) mice were peripherally administered LPS to induce an inflammatory state in the brain. In LPS-treated WT mice, Ch25h expression and 25HC levels increased in brain relative to vehicle-treated WT mice. Among LPS-treated WT mice, females produced significantly higher levels of 25HC and showed transcriptomic changes reflecting higher levels of cytokine production and leukocyte migration than WT male mice. However, females were similar to males among LPS-treated CKO mice. Ch25h-deficiency coincided with decreased microglial activation in CKO mice relative to WT mice in response to systemic LPS. Proinflammatory cytokine production and intra-parenchymal infiltration of leukocytes were significantly lower in CKO compared to WT mice. Amounts of IL-1b and IL-6 in the brain strongly correlated with 25HC levels. Our results suggest a proinflammatory role for 25HC in the brain following peripheral administration of LPS.
Article Title]{Algebraic Cryptanalysis of Reduced-Round International Data Encryption Algorithm
Authors: Gundaram Praveen Kumar
Published: August 2024

SMT stands for Satisfiability Modulo Theories. SMT framework for addressing first-order logic-based constraint fulfillment problems. The following cryptographic procedures have used SMT solvers: SMT solver tools are used for differential cryptanalysis, collision attack, pre-image attack, modular root-finding, and cryptographic primitives verification. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SMT solvers for solving block cipher cryptanalysis constraints. During a cryptanalytic attack, we transform the boolean equations representing a block cipher into a more suitable format (Z3py). The performance of the IDEA cipher is evaluated utilizing the proposed cryptanalysis method. This technique uses plaintext and ciphertext pairs, partial key bits to recover the partial secret key and a predetermined number of rounds.
Evaluating predictive scheme for thermomechanical properties of Si-diamond composites
Authors: Zhao Feng-Yuan , Jiang Jun , Bai Shu-Xin , Chen Qiang , Ye Yi-Cong
Published: August 2024

A kind of multiscale correlational constitutive model without tunable parameter was developed to predict the thermomechanical properties of Si-diamond composites, including the effective elastic modulus, effective bulk modulus, effective shear modulus, effective Poisson’s ratio, coefficients of thermal expansion, as well as thermal conductivity. Based on this model, the effective thermomechanical response of composites was simulated, and the mechanism of thermomechanical coupling of constituents were also evaluated. The results were shown that the effective elastic properties of composites, such as effective elastic modulus, effective bulk modulus, effective shear modulus, increased with diamond and SiC, and that the introduction of dispersed diamond with high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion resulted in improvement of thermal response and heat transport of Si-diamond-SiC composites, the thermomechanical coupling of which was inspired by the effective elastic properties of composites and mismatch between intrinsic properties of constituents.
Musculoskeletal Healthcare Professionals' perspectives on objective postural assessment (Expectation and Experience): A UK (Multiprofessional) nationwide survey
Authors: Martin Daniel Christopher , McGuigan Polly , Matei Raluca , Kandasamy Gok
Published: August 2024

Background: Spinal pain is commonly assessed by physiotherapists, osteopaths and chiropractors in musculoskeletal practice in the UK. Typically, assessment involves some form of visual estimation, but further objective measurement is not preferred due to logistical factors. This study explored the views of physiotherapists, osteopaths, and chiropractors around objective postural assessment and factors that may influence clinical reasoning.
Methods: An online, exploratory, ad-hoc, cross-sectional survey was designed to collect data on views around objective postural assessment. The survey was distributed among relevant professional groups.
Results: A total of 431 respondents (343 physiotherapists, 43 osteopaths, and 45 chiropractors) took part. As much as 85% of respondents use some form of postural assessment within clinical practice. Most respondents perceived that posture can change and that the changes can be short-term and long-standing. Exercise, education, and behavioural change were perceived as top interventions to change posture.
Conclusion: These results provide insights into the current position of MHPs' views within the UK and facilitate conversation regarding the objective measurement of posture in the 21st century.
Six type-I PKS classes and highly conserved melanin and elsinochrome gene clusters found in diverse Elsinoë species
Authors: Heerden Alishia van , Pham Nam Q. , Wingfield Brenda D. , Wingfield Michael J. , Wilken P. Markus
Published: August 2024

Elsinoë species are phytopathogenic fungi that cause serious scab diseases on economically important plants. The disease symptoms arise from the effects of a group of phytotoxins known as elsinochromes, produced via a type-I polyketide synthase (PKS) biosynthetic pathway. The elsinochrome gene cluster was first annotated in Elsinoë fawcettii where the main type-I PKS gene was characterized as EfPKS1. A later study showed that this gene and the associated cluster had not been correctly annotated, and that EfPKS1 was actually the anchor gene of the melanin biosynthetic pathway. A new type-I PKS gene EfETB1 associated with elsinochrome production was also identified. The aim of this study was to identify all type-I PKS genes in the genomes of seven Elsinoë species with the goal of independently verifying the PKS containing clusters for both melanin and elsinochrome production. A total of six type-I PKS classes were identified, although there was variation between the species in the number and type of classes present. Genes similar to the E. fawcettii EfPKS1 and EfETB1 type-I PKS genes were associated with melanin and elsinochrome production respectively in all species. The complete melanin and elsinochrome PKS containing clusters were subsequently annotated in all the species with high levels of synteny across Elsinoë species. This study provides a genus-level overview of type-I PKS distribution in Elsinoë species, including an additional line of support for the annotation of the melanin and elsinochrome PKS containing clusters in these important plant pathogens.
Human APOE variants in Alzheimer’s Disease and type III hyperlipoproteinemia: insights from Long-Evans knock-in rat models with humanized App and APOE
Authors: Yesiltepe Metin , Yin Tao , Tambini Marc , Bao Hanmei , Pan Meixia , Han Xianlin , D'Adamio Luciano
Published: August 2024

APOE is a major genetic factor in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), with APOE4 significantly increasing risk, APOE3 acting as a neutral isoform, and APOE2 offering protective effects. The primary hypothesis links APOE isoforms to LOAD through their impact on Aβ production and deposition, which is thought to be related to their effects on lipid metabolism. Specifically, APOE4 enhances Aβ production and accumulation in amyloid plaques more than APOE3. In contrast, APOE3-Aβ complexes, which promote Aβ clearance and reduce Aβ aggregation, are approximately 20 times more prevalent than APOE4-Aβ complexes, highlighting differences in their functional interactions. APOE is also important in lipid metabolism, affecting both peripheral and central systems. It is involved in the metabolism of lipoproteins and plays a key role in triglyceride and cholesterol regulation. APOE2 is notably associated with Hyperlipoproteinemia type III (HLP), which is characterized by mixed hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia due to impaired binding to Low Density Lipoproteins receptors. To explore the impact of human APOE isoforms on lipid metabolism and LOAD, we developed Long-Evans rats with the rat Apoe gene replaced by human APOE2, APOE3, or APOE4. These rats were crossed with those carrying a humanized App allele, enabling the expression of human Aβ, which is more aggregation-prone than rodent Aβ. This model offers a significant advancement for studying APOE-Aβ interactions. We found that APOE2hAβ rats had the highest levels of APOE in serum and brain, with no significant transcriptional differences among isoforms, suggesting variations in protein translation or stability. Elevated Aβ43 levels in male APOE4hAβ rats compared to APOE2hAβ rats highlight the model’s utility for amyloid pathology studies. Additionally, a lipidomic analysis of 222 lipid molecular species in serum samples showed that APOE2hAβ rats displayed elevated triglycerides and cholesterol, making them a valuable model for studying HLP. These rats also exhibited elevated levels of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidylcholine. Minimal differences in lipid profiles between APOE3hAβ and APOE4hAβ rats reflect findings from mouse models. Future studies will include comprehensive lipidomic analyses in various CNS regions to further validate these models and explore the effects of APOE isoforms on lipid metabolism in relation to AD pathology.
Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post Cemented to Root Canal Dentin Obturated with Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer
Authors: Patthanawijit Lalita , Yanpiset Kallaya , Saikaew Pipop , Jantarat Jeeraphat
Published: August 2024

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of etching modes of ScotchbondTM Universal Plus adhesive (SUP) and post cementation time on the push-out bond strength (POBS) of a fiber post cemented in root canals obturated with calcium silicate-based sealer (CSS).
Methods: Fifty-four teeth were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n=9) based on etching modes: self-etch (SE) or etch-and-rinse (ER); post space preparation (PSP) and cementation time: immediate (Im) or 7-day delayed (De): G1:SE/Im-Im, G2:ER/Im-Im, G3:SE/Im-De, G4:ER/Im-De, G5:SE/De-De, and G6:ER/De-De. The root canals were obturated with CSS and the PSP was performed. The fiber post was cemented using RelyXTM Universal resin cement and SUP according to each group’s design. For the POBS test, 1-mm slices of the coronal, middle, and apical regions were tested using a universal testing machine. The failure mode analysis was determined using a stereomicroscope. The data was analyzed with three-way analysis of variance.
Results: No negative effects of etching modes, PSP or cementation time on POBS were detected (p>0.05). Additionally, the root canal region also did not significantly affect the bond strength (p>0.05).
Conclusion: No significant differences were observed between the etching modes, post space preparation and cementation time and among root canal regions. However, the highest bond strength was demonstrated in the Im-De groups.
Clinical relevance: The different etching modes of adhesive and post cementation time did not affect the bond strength of fiber post in calcium silicate filled-root canal.
Accounting for the slowdown in output growth after the Great Recession: A wealth preference approach
Authors: Inagaki Kazuma , Ono Yoshiyasu , Tsuruga Takayuki
Published: August 2024

Previous studies have argued that US output growth declined persistently after the Great Recession. To explain the persistent slowdown in output growth, we develop a simple model that incorporates wealth preferences and downward nominal wage rigidity into a standard monetary growth model. Our model predicts that output initially grows at a constant steady rate and slows endogenously afterward. In the model, persistent stagnation occurs together with the declining real interest rate. Applying our model to the US data, we show that it successfully explains the slowdown in output growth along with the declines in the real interest rate. We also examine the model with the Japanese data. The model replicates the persistent stagnation that has been observed since the 1990s.
JEL Classification: E41, E47, O10
An Efficient Multi-Scale Approach for Single Image and Video Dehazing Using Gradient based Guided Filter and Correlation Factor
Authors: Kumari Neelam Kumari Neelam , Kansal Isha Kansal Isha , Sharma Preeti Sharma Preeti
Published: August 2024

Dehazing is an emerging computer vision research area aiming to restore image visibility by eliminating haze, a degradation caused by atmospheric scattering and environmental pollution. Accurate modeling of hazy images is challenging, despite the widespread use of the atmospheric scattering model. However, single image dehazing is more difficult since it requires an accurate measurement of the ambient light and transmission map. This work proposes a multi-scale Gradient domain Weighted Guided Filter (GWGIF) based dehazing method for hazy photos and videos. This work has established a computationally efficient method for estimation of physical model parameters. Initially, an image pyramid was constructed from the hazy input image. Subsequently, at the coarsest level of the pyramid, the scene transmission map and atmospheric light were estimated. Following that, with the help of GWGIF, transmission at the level of its finest has been obtained. Transmission map estimation has been done using Minimum Preserving Subsampling (MPS) and then by iterative up sampling with GWGIF has been applied to prevent information loss. Thereafter, Gradient Based Correlation Factor (GCF) has been introduced to expand the usage of the single-image dehazing technology to live video dehazing, thereby reducing dehazed videos flickering artifacts.
Symptom clusters of patients with advanced thyroid cancer: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Cai Ming , Gou Juxiang
Published: August 2024

Purpose
To investigate and analyze the symptom clusters of patients with advanced thyroid cancer and provide a basis for developing targeted symptom management measures.
Methods
Patients who visited a multidisciplinary outpatient service for advanced thyroid cancer at a tertiary A hospital in Sichuan Province from April 2022 to April 2023 were selected using convenience sampling. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Thyroid Cancer module (MDASI-THY). Symptom clusters were extracted by exploratory factor analysis.
Results
Disturbed sleep had the highest incidence (75.7%) and severity (3.0 points), while mood distress had the highest incidence (63.5%) and severity (2.0 points) of symptom interference. Three symptom clusters were identified: mood-fatigue-sleep, digestive tract-sensation, and thyroid cancer-specific symptom clusters.
Conclusion
Patients with advanced thyroid cancer have multiple symptom clusters that seriously affect their daily lives. Health care professionals should conduct targeted observation and preventive treatment to reduce the burden of symptoms on patients.
Secondary ovarian insufficiency (SOI) and infertility due to glucocorticosteroid-induced adrenal hypoandrogenism
Authors: Benor Ariel , Mochizuki Lyka , Barad David H . , Patrizio Pasquale , Gleicher Norbert
Published: August 2024

That ovarian insufficiency and resulting infertility can have iatrogenic causes is well known; but that never before included corticosteroid therapy. We now report two longstanding so-called “unexplained” infertility cases which, upon presentation to our center were diagnosis with secondary ovarian insufficiency (SOI) as a consequence of abnormally low adrenal androgen production following prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Androgens at small growing follicle stages act synergistically to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in fostering follicle growth and maturation. Hypoandrogenism, therefore, reduces numbers and quality of follicles and oocytes and, in most severe cases, can lead to complete arrest of folliculogenesis and SOI. Both women demonstrated caseation of pituitary ACTH secretion, leading to very low peripheral androgen levels. Discontinuation of exogenous corticosteroid therapies and exogenous androgen supplementation with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) reversed their abnormal endocrine profiles. One patient since conceived through in vitro fertilization, while the second patient is still in treatment. Here presented observation suggests that iatrogenic-induced ovarian insufficiency - and, in most severe case SOI - may be more common than is currently appreciated and, frequently, may be misdiagnosed as “unexplained” infertility.
Psychosocial experiences and outcomes for individuals with breast cancer after mainstream genetic testing
Authors: Beard Catherine , Monohan Katrina , Lang Nitzan , Cicciarelli Linda , James Paul A , Forrest Laura E
Published: August 2024

Objective Mainstreaming is a model of care where non-genetics health professionals offer genetic testing directly to patients. This study aimed to evaluate the patient experience of the Parkville Familial Cancer Centre (FCC) breast cancer mainstream program.Methods A sequential mixed methods approach using a cross-sectional survey followed by qualitative interviews was adopted. Psychosocial outcomes included participants’ genetics knowledge, decision regret, impact of test result, adaptation to genetic information, and family communication. Descriptive and comparative analysis compared participant outcomes according to receipt of genetic counselling. Deductive content analysis using a pre-defined codebook was used to analyse the interview data.Results 68 participants completed the online survey, with no significant difference observed depending on receipt of genetic counselling when it came to decision regret, cancer risk perception and adaptation to genetic test result. 20 participants were interviewed and reported a preference for mainstreaming over the traditional genetics service model of care.Conclusion This study demonstrates that while patients preferred the mainstream model of care, it is crucial to involve an FCC to ensure limited genetic counselling resources are provided to the most necessary patients.Practice Implications Breast cancer mainstream programs should include an FCC to provide genetic counselling for high-risk patients.
Interface Bonding Properties between High-Strength Steel Wire Mesh Reinforced Polyurethane Cement （HSSWM-PUC）and Concrete
Authors: Li Wande , Qiu Jiaqi , Zhang Kexin , Wang Yi , Bao Longsheng
Published: August 2024

The bonding properties exhibited by high-strength steel wire mesh reinforced polyurethane cement (HSSWM-PUC) and concrete interface were investigated. A total of 27 specimens with HSSWM-PUC as the reinforcement material were assigned into nine groups, and six specimens with high-strength steel wire mesh reinforced polymer mortar (HSSWM-PM) as the reinforcement material were assigned into two groups. Double-sided shear test was performed out on the specimen. The factors for concrete compressive strength, interfacial bond width, interfacial bond length and different interfacial treatment methods were considered in the experiment. The mechanical properties (e.g., interface failure mode, interface shear-end slip curve, interface peak shear and corresponding end slip) were investigated after the test was performed. As indicated by the results, there were two failure modes of bonding between HSSWM-PUC and concrete interface, i.e., peeling failure in the concrete layer and tensile fracture of the steel strand. The interface shear-end slip test curve displayed three stages, i.e., linear slip growth stage, rapid slip development stage and slip instability growth stage. The interfacial bond property can be enhanced by strengthening the compressive strength for concrete or increasing bond length and width on bond performance. The bonding properties exhibited by the specimens administrated with grooves were obviously better than those administrated with deep and shallow gouges. Interface stripping failure served as the main interface bonding failure mode between HSSWM-PM and concrete. Under the identical interface treatment, the interface bonding property between HSSWM-PM and concrete was obviously worse than that between HSSWM-PUC and concrete.
Exploring the functional quality attributes of smart home for the elderly based on qualitative research and Kano model
Authors: Li Peishan , Yang Qin , Liu Xing , Wei Chunnan
Published: August 2024

Background: This study investigates the functional attributes of smart home for the elderly across different age groups, aiming to identify features that fulfill users’ needs and give convenience, thereby offering scientific guidance for future smart home designs for the elderly.
Methods: This study conducts semi-structured interviews with elderly individuals in China, analyzing transcripts using NVivo to guide questionnaire design. Subsequently, a questionnaire survey is administered to the elderly in China, with the data processed using both the traditional Kano model and the Better-Worse-based Kano model.
Results: The study results reveal that the elderly aged 60-69 prioritize health, life and entertainment functions, identifying two are Must-be quality, five are One-dimensional quality and one is Attractive quality. The elderly aged 70 and above focus on health, life and emotion functions, identifying one is Must-be quality, six are One-dimensional quality and two are Attractive quality.
Conclusions: The study reveals distinct needs among different elderly age groups. Through the classification of functional attributes of smart home for the elderly, development strategies can be precisely formulated to better meet the needs of different age groups.
A Method for Optimal Installation of Photovoltaic Power Plants
Authors: Lucena Matheus D. , Brito Nubia S. D.
Published: August 2024

A method is proposed to optimize the placement of Photovoltaic Power Plants (PVPP) within High Voltage Electric Distribution Systems (EDS) to minimize electrical losses and achieve Minimum Global Cost (MGC). Integrating Digital Image Processing (DIP) with metaheuristic algorithms like Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Tabu Search (TS), real EDS data, including existing PVPP, was utilized. Results across three scenarios (10 MWp, 20 MWp, and 50 MWp) consistently identified the best bus as the optimal location, achieving reductions in annual energy losses of 8.55%, 14.89%, and 16.81%, with corresponding payback periods (PP) of 12.0, 7.78, and 5.71 years respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that both GA and TS effectively addressed the problem, with TS showing lower variability in finding optimal solutions compared to GA. This approach demonstrates significant technical and economic benefits in optimizing PVPP location and sizing within EDS.
Sorghum grain-derived Kafirin nanoparticles for effective delivery of Corosolic acid into breast cancer cells for potential treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Petchimuthu Priya , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Pandian Sureshbabu Ram Kumar , Sankaranarayanan Murugesan , Sundar Krishnan
Published: August 2024

The protein nanocarrier technology provides various benefits, including the successful delivery of loaded drugs into cancer cells. After delivery, the drug carrier is degraded and expelled from the body. In the present work, corosolic acid-encapsulated kafirin nanoparticles (CA-Kaf NPs) were successfully developed to deliver corosolic acid into MCF-7 cells effectively. Initially, kafirin protein was isolated from sorghum grains and confirmed. Then, corosolic acid was loaded into kafirin protein using a modified desolvation method, and their physicochemical properties, stability, drug release, and cytotoxic potential were investigated. The efficiency of encapsulating corosolic acid into Kaf NPs was 81.13 ± 1.27% and the loading capacity was 8.38 ± 0.51%. The CA-Kaf NPs exhibited an amorphous, spherical shape with a size range of 280–680 nm and a zeta potential of + 2 mV. CA-Kaf NPs released corosolic acid slowly and steadily in an acidic medium (pH 5.4) and are highly biocompatible in a physiological environment. CA-Kaf NPs significantly reduced the viability of MCF-7 cells after 24 h with IC50 value of 58.85 µg × mL− 1 and induced apoptosis. MCF-7 cells treated with CA-Kaf NPs, showed standard apoptotic morphological changes including contracted nuclei and damaged membrane bodies. The release of corosolic acid, from CA-Kaf NPs, leads to a significant increase in reactive oxygen species and damages the mitochondrial membrane potential integrity. These findings imply that CA-Kaf NPs, which target the delivery of corosolic acid into MCF-7 cells and facilitate endocytosis, could have a significant therapeutic potential for breast cancer.
Research on the Development of a Monitoring Experimental Platform for Top Coal Migration Trajectory in Longwall Top Coal Caving and Optimization of Coal Drawing Process
Authors: Zhao Zhining , Pan Weidong , Deng Cang , Li Xinyuan , Liang Suyu
Published: August 2024

Understanding the migration trajectory characteristics of top coal in longwall top coal caving (LTCC) is crucial for studying the flow properties of granular top coal, drawing laws, and optimizing the coal drawing process. To monitor the migration trajectory of top coal during the drawing process, an experimental platform was developed for monitoring the top coal migration trajectory in LTCC. Using this platform, physical simulation experiments of LTCC were conducted. A multi-step experimental procedure was designed, including "model construction, marker point installation, simulated coal drawing, data collection, and trajectory inversion." The migration trajectories of top coal at different layers during the coal drawing process were obtained, and the drawing body of top coal was inferred. Additionally, a bi-directional top coal drawing body equation was theoretically derived, establishing a quantitative relationship between the gangue content (cumulative and instantaneous) and top coal recovery. Based on this, field process optimization was carried out, adjusting the "four-level" method to a double-opening group coal drawing method. The instantaneous gangue content threshold at the coal drawing openings was set to 35%. The measured top coal recovery at the working face reached 90.12%, an increase of approximately 14.87 percentage points compared to the previous recovery. The cumulative gangue content was controlled at around 9.25%, and the coordination efficiency of coal caving reached 68.2%, which is close to the theoretically derived results. This indicates that the theory can provide certain theoretical guidance for determining relevant process parameters in coal drawing operations.
Self-Assembled Chambered Cardiac Organoids for Modeling Cardiac Chamber Formation and Cardiotoxicity Assessment
Authors: Pei Duanqing , ZOU XINLE , WANG FANWEN , ZHENG HUILIN , KONG TIANCI
Published: August 2024

The human heart, crucial for health and longevity, is a primary focus of medical research. Despite advancements in cardiac organoid technology, replicating early cardiac chamber formation stages remains challenging. Here, we develop chambered cardiac organoids (CCOs) by orchestrating cardiac signaling pathways, including the synergistic modulation of FGF and Wnt signaling via the HAND1 transcription factor. These CCOs exhibit stable chambers with self-organized outer myocardial and inner endocardial layers, and express developmental markers such as NKX2.5, TNNT2, and NAPPA, demonstrating physiological functionality including spontaneous contractions and calcium transients. Immunofluorescence and single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed the presence and stability of cardiomyocytes within CCOs. Further validation showed CCOs' involvement in critical processes like endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and valvulogenesis. Ultrastructural and electrophysiological analysis revealed organized myofibrils and atrial-like action potentials. Importantly, CCOs proved effective in assessing cardiotoxicity through observable morphological changes, demonstrating specific cellular responses to established cardiotoxic compounds, thereby highlighting their potential for drug testing and safety evaluations. Our findings offer insights into cardiac chamber formation mechanisms and establish a robust platform for drug testing, disease modeling, and personalized medicine, representing a significant advancement in functional cardiac organoid development for both basic research and translational applications.
Blockchain bottleneck analysis based on performance metrics causality
Authors: song weihu , zhu mengxiao , lu dong , zhu chen , sun yi , li lei , zhu haogang
Published: August 2024

With the widespread application of blockchain technology across variousindustries, detecting and analyzing performance bottlenecks is crucialfor evaluating and optimizing blockchain system performance. How-ever, current research lacks general performance metrics for detectingand analyzing performance bottlenecks, and few studies focus on thisaspect within blockchain systems. To address this, this paper first pro-poses 18 fine-grained performance metrics to comprehensively evaluateperformance across various layers of blockchain systems. Subsequently,We introduce a generalized loosely-coupled performance measurementframework to capture these metrics and construct the causal relation-ship between them, i.e., the mesoscopic performance structure. Thisapproach allows for the detection and analysis of performance bot-tlenecks. Finally, numerous experimental results demonstrate that thecausality between the relevant performance metrics disappears whenthe system reaches a performance bottleneck. Additionally, the frame-work has a performance impact of less than 15% on ChainMaker.
PhotoFiTT: A Quantitative Framework for Assessing Phototoxicity in Live-Cell Microscopy Experiments
Authors: Henriques Ricardo , Rosario Mario del , Gómez-de-Mariscal Estibaliz , Morgado Leonor , Portela Raquel , Jacquemet Guillaume , Pereira Pedro
Published: August 2024

Phototoxicity in live-cell fluorescence microscopy can compromise experimental outcomes, yet quantitative methods to assess its impact remain limited. Here we present PhotoFiTT (Phototoxicity Fitness Time Trial), an integrated framework combining a standardised experimental protocol with advanced image analysis to quantify light-induced cellular stress in label-free settings. PhotoFiTT leverages machine learning and cell cycle dynamics to analyse mitotic timing, cell size changes, and overall cellular activity in response to controlled light exposure. Using adherent mammalian cells, we demonstrate PhotoFiTT's ability to detect wavelength- and dose-dependent effects, showcasing that near-UV light induces significant mitotic delays at doses as low as 0.6 J/cm2, while longer wavelengths require higher doses for comparable effects. PhotoFiTT enables researchers to establish quantitative benchmarks for acceptable levels of photodamage, facilitating the optimisation of imaging protocols that balance image quality with sample health.
Solitary Fibrous tumor of Urinary Bladder with carcinoma prostate – Dual malignancy the diagnostic and management challenges involved: A Rare case report
Authors: Munjewar Chandrakant , Ziauddin Shiraz Akif Mohd , Gowda Varun , Ramteke Prashant
Published: August 2024

Background: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the urinary bladder are rare mesenchymal tumorswith occasional malignant potential. Owing to the rare nature of the disease, diagnostic and surgical management strategies remains variable. The gold standard treatment is complete surgical excision with negative margins, while recurrence and metastasis of aggressive variants during the follow-up can be managed by surgical excision and radiotherapy.
Case presentation: Here, wepresent a very rare case of dual malignancy, SFT of the urinary bladder and adenocarcinoma of the prostate, managed by radical cystoprostatectomy and bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection in an elderly male presenting with mixed LUTS(lowerurinary tract symptoms). The diagnosis of SFT was confirmed by immunohistochemical marker-STAT6 positivity. Postoperatively, after six monthsof follow-up, there was no evidence of disease recurrence.
Conclusion: Complete surgical resection with negative margins via open, laparoscopic or robotic surgery is the operation of choice.
An Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in a Community-Based Multi-Month Dispensing Model in Dodoma City Council
Authors: Shabani Jafari ibrahim , Anasel Mackfallen. G. , Paul Amani
Published: August 2024

Background This study evaluates the effects of the community-based multi-month dispensing model on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among youth living with HIV in Dodoma City Council. It compares adherence rates between three- and six-month dispensing intervals led by either Community Antiretroviral therapy peers or healthcare workers.Methods This case-control study used data from the CTC2 database to evaluate the effects of community-based multi-month dispensing of antiretroviral therapy. It compares adherence rates between three- and six-month dispensing intervals led by either community antiretroviral therapy peers and those led by health workers. A total of 390 participants participated in the survey. These participants were categorized into two groups: those enrolled in community-based ART multi-month dispensing (case group) and those not in community-based ART multi-month dispensing (control group). Interquartile range were imposed to determine the level of adherence between health facilities, and logistic regression was performed to ascertain the associations between communities based muti-months dispensing and adherence and viral suppression.Results The study found that community-based multi-month ART dispensing was associated with higher adherence; those who disliked it also had lower adherence rates. Dispensing intervals and clinical appointment schedules improved adherence. Other factors influenced adherence, including shorter clinic wait times, preferences, adhering to clinical appointments, and reduced stigma.Conclusion Community-based multi-month dispensing of Anti-retroviral therapy significantly improves adherence among youth living with HIV. Peer-led programs show higher adherence rates, emphasising the importance of leadership and medication delivery frequency in HIV treatment programs. Addressing logistical obstacles and rationalising medication administration through multi-months can enhance adherence, improve health outcomes, and reduce HIV transmission.
Rainfall patterns influence poverty levels throughout Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Li Xingang , Qu Ying , Mishra Ashok , Yao Xin , Wang Qiao , Li Yang , Chen Siyuan , Zhao Lanpu , Wu Zhaocong , Zhang Lei , Zhu Zidong , Zhang Liangpei
Published: August 2024

Poverty deeply impacts society by contributing to unemployment, health disparities, social inequality, and political instability, leading to a series of socio-economic and environmental crises. As climate change alters rainfall patterns, its impact on household poverty becomes increasingly important, yet it remains poorly understood. A major challenge in climate-poverty research is the lack of accurate fine-scale data on the spatial and temporal distribution of community-level wealth assets, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which is essential for understanding complex societal impacts. Using data from 863,944 households across 34,055 communities in 32 Sub-Saharan African countries between 2010 and 2021, we developed a deep learning model to generate satellite-based, fine-grained wealth data to investigate the temporal and spatial variations in household poverty across SSA. We employ a fixed-effects panel regression model to estimate the relationship between rainfall patterns—such as extreme daily rainfall, the number of wet days, and seasonal variability derived from apportionment entropy—and household poverty across different temperature zones and both rural and urban regions. Our analysis reveals significant variations in how extreme daily rainfall, the number of wet days, and apportionment entropy affect household asset wealth across Sub-Saharan Africa, depending on poverty levels and living conditions. Extremely impoverished households are particularly vulnerable to rainfall variability, while wealthier households can better mitigate these effects. The most significant declines in the International Wealth Index (IWI) occur in low and middle temperature zones, where nearly 84% of the extremely poor households are located and experience high rainfall variability. This work lays the groundwork for future research on the effects of climate change on household poverty of impoverished communities.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Anastomotic Failure in Combat-Related Penetrating Abdominal Trauma: A Study from Sana'a, Yemen
Authors: Issa Mohammed Ali Naji , Saleh Ibrahim Mohammed , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Anastomotic failure is a severe complication following intestinal resection for combat-related penetrating abdominal trauma, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the incidence, risk factors, and impact of anastomotic failure in military trauma patients in Sana'a City, Yemen.
Patients and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at 48 Model Hospital from 2020 to 2023, involving 61 male combat trauma patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy. Data on demographics, injury characteristics, surgical details, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors for anastomotic failure.
Results: The overall anastomotic failure rate was 9.8% (6 out of 61 patients). Significant risk factors included preoperative blood transfusion (OR 0.180, 95% CI: 0.019-1.758, p=0.140), stomach injury (OR 0.102, 95% CI: 0.006-1.858, p=0.123), and large bowel injury, though with wide confidence intervals indicating variability. Patients with anastomotic failure had higher rates of septicemia (45% vs. 10%, p=0.03) and longer hospital stays (21.4 ± 6.2 days vs. 13.1 ± 4.1 days, p<0.01).
Conclusion: Identifying key risk factors for anastomotic failure in military trauma patients underscores the need for proactive strategies to minimize this complication and improve patient outcomes. Enhanced preoperative assessment, meticulous surgical technique, and vigilant postoperative monitoring are crucial for reducing the incidence of anastomotic failure in this high-risk population.
Mapping Poverty in India: A Geographical Analysis of the Multidimensional Poverty Index 2016-2021 with GIS
Authors: V Vineesh
Published: August 2024

Poverty is an enduring challenge in India, persisting through both the current and previous centuries. With a rapidly growing population, the prevalence of poverty continues to escalate. This research undertakes a geographical study of poverty in India, specifically focusing on the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) from 2016 to 2021. Utilizing Geographical Information Systems (GIS), we map and analyze the spatial distribution and trends of poverty across the country. Our study offers a detailed appraisal of the MPI, aiming to visually narrate the complexities of poverty through comprehensive mapping. By integrating MPI data with GIS, we provide valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of poverty in India, facilitating a better understanding for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders. This approach underscores the importance of targeted interventions to effectively address and mitigate poverty.
Physiological Response of Dendrobium Udomsri Beauty under Low-temperature Treatment
Authors: Yu Xiaoyun , Mo Shunjin , Zhang Zhiqun , Lu Shunjiao , Liao Yi , Niu Junhai , Yin Junmei , Yi Shuangshuang
Published: August 2024

Denphal-type Dendrobium is the famous cut and potted flower in the world, and most cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. However, it often suffers from cold in winter in subtropical regions. To verify the physiological response of Denphal-type Dendrobium under low temperature in this study, the mature and young plantlets of Dendrobium Udomsri Beauty were treated under 15, 10, and 5 °C, respectively. And then the electrical conductivity (EC), soluble protein, soluble sugar, free proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll content, and the rate of defoliation after regrowth were measured. The results showed that both mature plant and young seedlings of Dendrobium Udomsri Beauty, the EC, soluble protein, soluble sugar, free proline, MDA content, and defoliation rate were increased with the decrease of treatment temperature and the extension of treatment times. The content of chlorophyll decreased gradually with the decrease of treatment temperature and the extension of treatment times. The correlation analysis showed that soluble sugar, free proline, MDA, chlorophyll content, and defoliation rate were significantly correlated with the semi-lethal temperature. It is indicated that the content of free proline, MDA, chlorophyll, and defoliation rate could be used as the effective indexes for the comprehensive assessment of cold tolerance of Dendrobium Udomsri Beauty.