bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Mandal Manisha , Mandal Shyamapada
Published: June 2020

There is a huge loss of lives worldwide in relation to COVID-19 pandemic, the primary epicentre of which is China, where the causative agent of the disease called SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) was first emerged in December 2019. In view of this the severity, in terms of case fatality rate (CFR), is essential to explore for COVID-19. Data of ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic have been retrieved from publicly accessible website of the WHO (World Health Organization), and were processed for the estimation of global (both including and excluding China) CFRs of COVID-19. The CFRs were explored following the naive estimates, 14-day delay estimates, and linear regression model analysis, for the period between January 25, 2020 and April 25, 2020, on weekly basis. To explore the current situation, in terms of global CFR, data for the next 6 weeks (May 2, 2020 through June 6, 2020), were processed by naive and linear regression model analysis. Mean CFRs, in the naive estimates, were 4.59% (95% CI: 3.59 – 5.59) for the world including China, and 3.62% (95% CI: 2.01 – 5.23) for the world excluding China. The 14-day delay estimates of CFRs were 15.6% (95% CI: 7.18 – 24.02) globally, and 21.65% (95% CI: 11.15 – 32.15) in countries outside China. Following statistical model analysis, the global (both including and excluding China) CFRs were 6.81%, by naive estimates, and ~13%, by 14-day delay estimates. The global CFR of COVID-19 during May 2, 2020 to June 6, 2020, ranged 5.9 – 7.04% (mean: 6.58%; 95% CI: 6.11 – 7.03), by naive estimates, and by statistical regression analysis the CFR was 4.78%. The CFR as explored in the current study might help estimate the need of up-to-date hospital supplies and other mitigation measures for COVID-19 ongoing pandemic.
Mental distress and psychological disorders related to COVID-19 mandatory quarantine
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Fadel Ammar , Makki Leen , Ghareeb Ayham , Zohbi Ragheed Al
Published: June 2020

Background:Restrictions that were enforced from COVID-19 have affected many people’s lifestyles and ability to earn. They caused a distress that even added to the war stress that the Syrian population has encountered for the last 9 years. This study aims to assess this distress and the major concerns of the people related to COVID-19.Methods:Online questionnaires were distributed using SPTSS, K10, and MSPSS were used with other demographic, war- and COVID-19-related questions that were taken from The (CRISIS) V0.1 Adult Self-Report Baseline Form.Results:Our sample included 5588 with the mean age of 26.84 ± 7.815 years. Of those, only one was a confirmed COVID-19 case. Over 42.7% had two or more positive PTSD symptoms, 42.6% had moderate or severe mental disorder, but only 14.9% had low social support. Higher PTSD and K10 scores overall were seen in females and with most of war variables (P<0.05). Relationship with partner were negatively affected in most and distress from the declined ability to work and provide food were the most prominent.Conclusions:The indirect effect of COVID-19 is far more than that of the pathogen itself. Reduced ability to earn and to provide food was the main concerns. Relationships deteriorated mainly in participants with high K10 and PTSD scores who also felt more symptoms and used more hypnotics in the last 4 weeks. Smoking changes were not related to K10 and PTSD. Social support played a role in reducing stress, but with the relationships being affected, lower support was seen.
Bipallidal Lesions in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Ashok Sudhat , Shastri Kalyan , Guterman L. Beryl , Guterman Lee R.
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAltered mentation in COVID-19 patients can be a function of any number of metabolic abnormalities associated with the infection. Here we present the case of an encephalopathic COVID-19 patient with bilateral globus pallidus lesions. While imaging abnormalities involving basal ganglia have been reported in encephalitis caused by neuroinvasive flaviviruses, the bipallidal lesions noted here likely resulted from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Case PresentationA 51-year-old African American woman was found unresponsive at home by her fiancé. She had been complaining of shortness of breath and cough for three days. She is a former smoker with past medical history of hypertension, nephropathy, and bipolar disorder. Upon examination, she was alert but nonverbal, following commands inconsistently, and unable to move extremities against gravity. After several minutes, she was able to state her name but kept repeating it in response to all questions. Chest radiograph revealed bilateral lung infiltrates. CT of the head showed hypodensities in bilateral globus pallidi. A non-contrast MRI of the brain showed symmetric restricted diffusion and FLAIR hyperintense signal changes in bilateral globus pallidi. Abnormal SWI signal seen in bilateral globus pallidi likely represents mineralization or hemosiderin. There were no striatal or thalamic lesions. Major intracranial arteries were widely patent.The patient later tested positive for 2019-nCoV using real-time PCR assay, and was transferred to our COVID-19 designated hospital campus. Thereafter, she had waxing and waning mentation. Repeat CT imaging 11 days after the first scan demonstrated resolution of the bipallidal hypodensities. The patient was recently discharged to a subacute rehab facility but is still experiencing confusion.ConclusionsAs we come across neurological manifestations of COVID-19, we believe neuroimaging is likely to play an important role in establishing if central nervous system involvement is invariably due to indirect mechanisms such as metabolic or hypoxic-ischemic brain injury or if direct neuroinvasive disease is a possibility, as with certain viruses.
CONSUMIDOR DE PRODUTOS FARMACÊUTICOS: FATORES INFLUENCIADORES NO CONSUMO DE MEDICAMENTOS
Authors: Oliveira Solange , Neto Alcielis , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2020

A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 47 consumidores de farmácia e 5 gerentes de estabelecimentos farmacêuticos. O objetivo foi evidenciar os fatores influenciadores do comportamento do consumidor de produtos farmacêuticos. As entrevistas foram realizadas com consumidores e gerentes de farmácias. Todo o conteúdo foi transcrito e analisado por meio da análise de conteúdo. optou-se pela categorização e chegou-se a 8 categorias de análise (atendimento ao cliente, ausência de atenção farmacêutica, desconhecimento de produtos manipulados, preço e condição de pagamento, indicação médica, ponto de venda, conforto, variedade de produtos). Os resultados evidenciam que preço e atendimento funcionam como atrativo e diferenciação, e que o preço exerce maior influencia na decisão do consumidor. Outros fatores como indicação médica, ponto de venda, variedade de produtos também exercem forte influência no momento da decisão de compra. Por fim, chegou-se a duas categorias finais que são os dois fatores que influenciam a decisão de compra do consumidor: Fatores de Relacionamento com o Cliente e fatores tangíveis.
Traveling skyrmions in chiral antiferromagnets
Authors: Komineas Stavros , Papanicolaou Nikos
Published: June 2020

Skyrmions in antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction are expected to exist for essentially the same reasons as in DM ferromagnets (FM).
It is shown that skyrmions in antiferromagnets with the DM interaction can be traveling as solitary waves with velocities up to a maximum value that depends on the DM parameter. Their configuration is found numerically.
The energy and the linear momentum of an AFM skyrmion lead to a proper definition of its mass.
We give the details of the energy-momentum dispersion of traveling skyrmions and explore their particle-like character based on exact relations.
The skyrmion number, known to be linked to the dynamics of topological solitons in FM, is, here, unrelated to the dynamical behavior.
As a result, the solitonic behavior of skyrmions in AFM is in stark contrast to the dynamical behavior of their FM counterparts.
O impacto do prestígio nas estratégias navais das grandes potências na primeira metade do século XX
Authors: Zahreddine Danny , Musa de Noronha Lemes Jorel
Published: June 2020

Neste presente artigo é procurado compreender os fatores que influenciaram as estratégias navais das principais potências marítimas no período de 1906 a 1945, com o objetivo final de identificarmos as nuanças por trás de políticas de prestígio e seus possíveis impactos não desejáveis nas relações de um Estado para com seus pares. O estudo de caso foi a metodologia usada, sendo selecionadas as principais potências marítimas na primeira metade do século XX para análise e verificando o desenvolvimento de suas estratégias navais e do progresso de seus planos de construção navais a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em livros e artigos acadêmicos. Foi visto que o principal fundamento por trás da importância dos encouraçados após a Primeira Guerra Mundial, o qual era o cerne das estratégias da maioria das potências até 1942, era a crença explícita em suas qualidades materiais bélicas, este tipo de navio sendo instrumentalizado com o intuito de se travar batalhas decisivamente, e não por motivos de prestígio e dissuasão. Por último, através da análise dos casos anteriores à Primeira Guerra Mundial, foi concluído que a procura pelo prestígio pode produzir um incentivo a uma política de contenção pelos outros Estados e não, a exemplo de como era desejado nos casos observados, resultar na dissuasão de seus pares por um Estado.
Terceirização em Segurança Marítima ameaças Piratas na High Risk Area (2007-2011)
Authors: Bacellar Jacqueline , Valle Machado da Silva Marcos
Published: June 2020

O Chifre da África e o Golfo de Aden registraram um aumento nos índices de pirataria entre 2007 e 2011. As perdas causadas por atos de pirataria advindos da Somália levaram a comunidade internacional a tomar diversas medidas para aumentar a segurança, incluindo a criação de uma High Risk Area (HRA). Além disso, empresas de navegação tomaram algumas medidas preventivas e protetivas contra pirataria. Dentre elas, a contratação de Companhias de Segurança Privada Marítima, de modo a proteger os tripulantes, a carga e evitar danos às embarcações. Nesse contexto, o artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as relações binárias entre os que estão diretamente envolvidos: os piratas e a tripulação, observando se a presença de contratados de segurança alteraria o comportamento destes. Nesse sentido, serão analisadas as preferências de tais atores através da Teoria da Escolha Racional. Uma revisão de literatura foi feita de modo a identificar suas preferências. Como resultado, será observado que os contratados podem alterar as preferências dos outros jogadores, gerando uma redução significativa nos casos de pirataria na HRA.
Numerical assessment of the vulnerability to impact erosion of a pump as turbine in a water supply system
Authors: Oreste Fecarotta , Vittorio Messa Gianandrea , Francesco Pugliese
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, the installation of pumps as turbines (PATs) in water supply systems (WSSs) is considered attractive because it is able to effectively combine the pressure regulation with the small-scale hydropower generation. One critical aspect concerns the behaviour of the PAT in the presence of solid particles in the flow which impinge against the inner surface of the device, producing a loss of material termed impact erosion. In this paper, the numerical assessment of PAT erosion is performed, by referring, as a case study, to an existing pressure control station in Southern Italy. The variable operative strategy (VOS) was applied to derive the frequency distribution of flow rates over the PAT operation, under the hypothesis of performing the hydraulic regulation of the hydropower plant. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Ansys Fluent was employed for simulating the liquid–solid flow inside the PAT and then coupled with an in-house code to estimate the erosion. The vulnerability of the PAT to wear was analysed by varying its flow rate, aiming at characterizing the decay of PAT components at a constant rotational speed. Finally, a detailed characterization of the PAT response to the particle impingement at its best efficiency point (BEP) was developed and discussed.
Studies of adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution by nano mesocellular foam silica: process equilibrium, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Zhai Qing-Zhou
Published: June 2020

Mesocellular foam (MCF) silica molecular sieve material was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, low nitrogen adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization techniques were used to characterize the material. Low temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption method showed that pore size of the synthesized MCF was 12 nm. TEM study showed that the synthesized MCFs had honeycomb structure pores, which can be good for the absorbance of dye organic macromolecule substances. This work studied the adsorption of crystal violet by MCF and the results showed that when the adsorptive conditions were pH = 9.0, MCF:crystal violet = 150:1, and when the contact time was 10 min at room temperature of 25 ± 1 °C, the adsorption rate reached 99.71% and adsorption capacity was 6.646 mg/g. This study found that the adsorption is a Freundlich type, it is a multimolecular layer adsorption, and it belongs to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to the ΔG0 obtained from adsorption thermodynamics, when the temperature is 25–40 °C, the adsorption enthalpy change ΔH0 = −25.65 kJ/mol, ΔG0 < 0, the adsorption is an exothermic reaction and can spontaneously occur. The adsorption entropy change ΔS0 = 5.54 J/(mol·K) and the entropy of system increased.
Study on the adsorption of polystyrene microplastics by three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Yuan Fang , Yue Lingzhi , Zhao Han , Wu Huifang
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a study on the removal of imitated polystyrene (PS) microplastics in water was carried out based on the adsorption capacity of three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D RGO). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry characterization showed that the freeze-dried 3D RGO formed a distinct porous spatial structure. Different experimental parameters, such as pH, ion concentration (C0), contact time (t), and temperature (T), were studied to investigate the PS microplastic adsorption performance of 3D RGO. The adsorption mechanism was mainly attributed to the strong π–π interaction between the carbon ring of 3D RGO and the benzene ring of PS microplastics. Sorption kinetic and isothermal data were obtained by the well-fitted Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the result of thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of PS microplastics was a spontaneous endothermic process. Under the optimal conditions of pH = 6, C0 = 600 mg/L, t = 120 min, and T = 26 °C, the maximum adsorption capacity of the prepared 3D RGO on PS microplastics was 617.28 mg/g. Furthermore, this method exhibited good feasibility in tap water and lake water.
Análisis de restos óseos humanos con alteración térmica procedentes del Sitio Chenque I (Parque Nacional Lihué Calel, provincia de La Pampa, Argentina)
Authors: Lucero Eliana N.
Published: June 2020

El sitio Chenque I es un cementerio de cazadores-recolectores ubicado en el área centro-sur de la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina), cuyo rango de uso es 1050 a 290 años AP. El mismo presenta diversas modalidades de inhumación con un MNI de 236 y diversos tratamientos corporales, lo cual representa una inusitada diversidad de prácticas mortuorias durante el Holoceno tardío final en la región Pampeana. No obstante, allí se registró solo un entierro secundario múltiple, el Entierro N°28, con evidencia de alteración térmica en restos osteológicos humanos. En este trabajo se analizan las implicancias de la alteración térmica de los cuerpos a través del análisis de las características óseas macroscópicas y del contexto arqueológico del Entierro Nº 28. Los resultados indican que el proceso de termoalteración de restos humanos fue complejo e intencional, y habría sido realizado en distintas etapas que incluyen la combustión en otro espacio distinto al entierro, la recolección de los restos, el armado del fardo funerario, su traslado y la depositación final en el sitio Chenque I.
Desarrollo integral para los actores vinculados a la cadena productiva del café en el municipio de Buesaco, Nariño
Authors: Argoti Chamorro Ana Cristina , Belalcazar Benavides Nancy Andrea
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como propósito ofrecer algunas estrategias de desarrollo integral para los actores de la cadena productiva del café en el municipio de Buesaco, Nariño. Dichas estrategias surgen de la investigación desarrollada en la región, titulada “Estudio de la Situación Socioeconómica de los Actores que Conforman los Diferentes Eslabones de la Cadena Productiva del Café en el Municipio de Buesaco-Nariño”, desarrollada en convenio con la Universidad Mariana y la Fundación Social (2016). Dicha investigación contó con la participación de sus protagonistas, quienes identificaron como objetivo central lograr el equilibrio de los componentes social y económico que contribuyan al incremento de ingresos y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de sus participantes. Para lograr ese objetivo se plantearon los apartados de desarrollo del argumento, visualizando el tema, los objetivos, la justificación, el problema y la metodología utilizada. Aquí, se presenta la discusión donde se reconoce la importancia de la educación y la investigación en contexto y, finalmente, se relacionan las conclusiones, los agradecimientos y las referencias bibliográficas. En el desarrollo del artículo se advierte que, si bien es cierto que la producción cafetera es una actividad dinámica en la región, existen factores críticos que hacen que las condiciones de vida de sus participantes sean diferentes, obstaculizando la transformación del producto. Por lo tanto, y teniendo en cuenta que el café es un bien básico en la economía de la región, se consolida una iniciativa integral contemplando 16 variables socioeconómicas que se convierten en una guía adecuada para la intervención por parte de los actores gubernamentales. La propuesta asume la metodología de marco lógico y presenta una matriz que se convierte en un insumo en la determinación de políticas para el sector cafetero de la región en el mediano y largo plazo, que puede replicarse en otras regiones.
Economic Integration of Regions as a Mechanism for the Leveling and Growth of their Potentials
Authors: Borodin V. A. , Gagarina G. Y.
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the spatial development of the South of Western Siberia on the basis of economic integration of related regions within the macro-region: South Siberian Economic Region (SSER). The cooperation of the regions of this economic region will make it possible to diversify the structure of the economy and increase their integrated economic potential, creating opportunities to withstand the adverse socio-economic challenges of the new economy. Given the state’s limited ability to stimulate the socio-economic development of regions, inter-regional economic integration within the macro-region can be considered as one of the mechanisms that activate the sources of transition to the path of balanced economic growth and access to the average Russian parameters of living standards. Rapprochement of the regions can already be observed in the framework of joint projects: the agro-processing Siberian Priobie and tourist and recreational areas. The article proposes a model for organizing economic cooperation between the regions of South-West Siberia.
Synergistic Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin-C3 Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Reddy Desu N.K. , Huang Fu-Yung , Wang Shao-Pin , Kumar Ramya
Published: June 2020

Background:

Recent studies have focused on the nanoformulations of curcumin to enhance its solubility
and bioavailability. The medicinal properties of curcumin-C3 complex, which is a combination of three
curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) is less explored.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to prepare curcumin-C3 encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, characterize
and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial potential.

Methods:

Ionic gelation method was used to prepare curcumin-C3 nanoparticles and was characterized by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking
analysis. In vitro assays were performed to assess drug release, antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Results:

Curcumin-C3-chitosan nanoparticle showed an increased entrapment efficiency of >90%, drug release
and improved antioxidant potential. Moreover, curcumin-C3-chitosan nanoparticle showed stronger inhibition of
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:

Chitosan is a suitable carrier for curcumin-C3 nanoparticle and can be used as a drug delivery system
in the treatment of inflammatory and bacterial diseases.
Flavonoids and other Non-alkaloidal Constituents of Genus Erythrina: Phytochemical Review
Authors: Son Ninh T. , Elshamy Abdelsamed I.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Genus Erythrina belongs to family Fabaceae, which is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used in both traditional herbal medicines and
pharmacological applications. Original research articles and publications on the overview of
alkaloids related to this genus are available, but a supportive systematic review account which
highlighted phytochemical aspects of other types of secondary metabolites is currently insufficient.

Objective:

With the utilization of data and information from SCI-Finder, Google Scholar, the Web
of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Chemical Abstracts, ACS journals, Springer, Taylor
Francis, Bentham Science and IOP Science, the reliable material sources of this systematic review
paper were obtained from the literature published from the 1980s to now.

Conclusion:

A vast amount of data showed that the non-alkaloidal secondary metabolites were
obtained from genus Erythrina with various classes of chemical structures. Herein, approximately
five hundred constituents were isolated, comprising flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phytosterols,
phenols, arylbenzofurans, coumarins, alcohols, ceramides, mono-sugars and fatty acid derivatives.
In agreement with the previous phytochemical reports on the plants of the family Fabaceae,
flavonoids reached a high amount in the plants of genus Erythrina. Numerous biological activity
investigations such as anti-bacteria, anti-cancer, anti-virus using isolated compounds from
Erythrina species suggested that secondary metabolites of Erythrina plants are now becoming the
promising agents for drug developments.
PD-L1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Santoni Matteo , Massari Francesco , Cheng Liang , Cimadamore Alessia , Scarpelli Marina , Montironi Rodolfo , Lopez-Beltran Antonio
Published: June 2020

The carcinogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) results from a complex series of events. Chronic
inflammation and infections are crucial in this context. Infiltrating M2 type macrophages, as well as
neutrophils and T lymphocytes, contribute to PCa development, progression and response to therapy.
The preliminary findings on the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa were not encouraging.
However, a series of studies investigating anti-PD-L1 agents such as Atezolizumab, Avelumab
and Durvalumab used alone or in combination with other immunotherapies, chemotherapy or locoregional
approaches are in course in this tumor. In this review, we illustrate the role of immune cells
and PD-L1 expression during PCa carcinogenesis and progression, with a focus on ongoing clinical
trials on anti-PD-L1 agents in this context.
Association of Lower Adiponectin Plasma Levels, Increased Age and Smoking with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Bellinati Philipe Quagliato , Alfieri Daniela Frizon , Flauzino Tamires , Junior Paulo Fernando Gasparetto , Rossi Diogo Jorge , Breganó José Wander , Simão Andrea Name Colado , de Almeida Elaine Regina Delicato , Lozovoy Marcell Alysson Batisti , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci
Published: June 2020

Background:

The association between subclinical atherosclerosis and traditional cardiovascular
disease (CVD) risk factors, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers has been demonstrated
around the world and specifically Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-
infected individuals. However, the association between subclinical atherosclerosis and these aforementioned
factors combined with anti-inflammatory biomarkers has not been examined in these
populations.

Objectives:

To evaluate the association of the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) with CVD
risk factors, inflammatory, metabolic and HIV-1 infection markers combined with adiponectin and
interleukin (IL)-10 as anti-inflammatory variables.

Methods:

In this case-control study, 49 HIV-1-infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy
(cART) and 85 controls were compared for traditional CVD risk factors, inflammatory, metabolic,
and anti-inflammatory variables. Further, we compared HIV-1-infected patients according to their
cIMT (as continuous and categorized <0.9 or ≥0.9 mm variable) visualized by carotid ultrasonography
doppler (USGD).

Results:

Twenty-four (48.9%) HIV-1-infected patients showed cIMT ≥0.9 mm. The patients had
higher levels of C reactive protein on high sensitivity assay (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6,
IL-10, triglycerides, and insulin, and lower levels of adiponectin, total cholesterol and low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol than controls (all p<0.05). Low levels of adiponectin were negatively associated
with cIMT ≥0.9 mm (p=0.019), and explained 18.7% of the cIMT variance. Age (p=0.033)
and current smoking (p=0.028) were positively associated with cIMT values, while adiponectin
levels (p=0.008) were negatively associated with cIMT values; together, these three variables explained
27.3% of cIMT variance.

Conclusion:

Low adiponectin was associated with higher cIMT in HIV-1-infected patients on
cART. Low adiponectin levels in combination with age and smoking could explain, in part, the increased
subclinical atherosclerosis observed in these patients. Adiponectin may be a good candidate
for predicting subclinical atherosclerosis in the management of HIV-1-infected patients in public
health care, especially where USGD is not available.
Health Benefits of Ipecac and Cephaeline: their Potential in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Authors: Patel Kanika , Patel Dinesh K.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Cephaelis ipecacuanha and Cephaelis acuminate commonly called Ipecac
are the important medicinal plants of Cephaelis species belonging to Rubiaceae family. Ipecac is
cultivated throughout the world due to their vast of therapeutic applications in gastrointestinal disorders
and poisoning cases.

Methods:

In the present review paper medicinal importance of Ipecac and their main active phytoconstituents
cephaeline have been discussed and presented in concise manner to explore their hidden
potential. Phytochemical aspects of Ipecac and overview of cephaeline have been also discussed
in the present paper. However important Pharmacological activities of cephaeline on gastrointestinal
tract, cardiovascular system, Zika virus, Ebola virus, leishmania and malaria have
been mainly focused in the present paper. Further important analytical techniques of detection and
separation of cephaeline have also been presented in the present paper. Present paper also contains
information of Tissue culture techniques of Ipecac for the better production of cephaeline to fulfil
the industrial demands.

Results:

Cephaeline is colourless crystalline active compound of Ipecac plant which is having
chemical formula C28H38O4N2. Claimed pharmacological activities of Ipecac such as diaphoretic, expectorant
and anti-amoebic are mainly due to the presence of alkaloidal class chemical emetine and
cephaeline. Result also revealed that ethanol extract of Ipecac has been used as emetic agents. Phytochemical
analysis of the Ipecac revealed the presence of emetine, cephaeline, protoemetine, psychotrine,
emetamine, O-methylpsychotrine and psychotrine methyl ether. Pharmacologically
cephaeline induces vomiting through acting on stomach lining but it is more toxic and irritant compared
to the emetine.

Conclusion:

The presented information will be beneficial to the scientific communities to know
the importance of Ipecac and their main active phytoconstituents cephaeline for the treatment of numerous
health related complication.
Interaksi Antara Bentuk Ambing dan Paritas Terhadap Produksi Susu Kambing Senduro
Authors: Palayukan Jisril , Murthadho Ali , Putra Nanda Dwi , Furqon Ahmad , Ridhowi Aswah , Susilorini Tri Eko , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui interaksi antara bentuk ambing dan paritas terhadap produksi susu pada kambing Senduro. Materi yang digunakan adalah 69 ekor induk kambing Senduro yang sedang laktasi pada paritas 1 â€“ 4. Metode penelitian adalah metode observasional dan penentuan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Variabel penelitian adalah bentuk ambing, paritas, dan produksi susu. Produksi susu diperoleh dengan cara mengukur volume susu dari tiap ternak pada pagi hari. Analisi data menggunakan uji T-test tidak berpasangan untuk bentuk ambing terhadap produksi susu, sedangkan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara paritas dengan produksi susu menggunakan analisis regresi korelasi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua bentuk ambing pada kambing Senduro, yaitu ambing berbentuk botol sebanyak 56 ekor dan ambing berbentuk kendi sebanyak 13 ekor. Hasil uji T-test tidak berpasangan menunjukkan bahwa bentuk ambing tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi susu. Hasil uji regresi korelasi linier sederhana menunjukkan bahwa paritas dan produksi susu memiliki korelasi yang sedang. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara bentuk ambing dengan produksi susu. Korelasi antara paritas dengan produksi susu adalah semakin bertambah paritas maka semakin tinggi produksi susu yang dihasilkan.
Las arañas (Arachnida: Araneae) de los Médanos de Samalayuca, Chihuahua y nuevos registros de especies para México
Authors: Jiménez María Luisa , Palacios-Cardiel Carlos , Chávez-Lara Irving David
Published: June 2020

Se proporciona una lista con 77 especies de arañas del Área Natural Protegida (ANP) Médanos de Samalayuca, agrupadas en 51 géneros y 21 familias. Las familias con mayor número de especies fueron Salticidae, Thomisidae, Gnaphosidae y Philodromidae. También se aportan cinco nuevos registros de especies de arañas para la República Mexicana y ocho para el Estado de Chihuahua. El matorral desértico micrófilo agrupó a 16 familias 27 géneros 31 especies y de la vegetación del desierto arenoso se registraron 15 familias, 28 géneros y 37 especies, compartiendo 17 familias, 36 géneros y 46 especies, con una complementariedad del 84%. En el estrato de vegetación se registraron 13 familias 43 especies y en el suelo 11 familias y 31 especies, compartiendo tres especies, con una complementariedad del 95%.
Eremoblatta atticola sp. n. (Corydiidae: Corydiinae), nueva cucaracha mirmecófila de México
Authors: Estrada-Álvarez Julio Cesar , Rojas Patricia
Published: June 2020

Se describe una nueva especie del género Eremoblatta Rehn, 1903, con base en material colectado en detritos de Atta mexicana (Smith 1858), en Querétaro, México.
Identification of serodiscordant couples, their clinical and laboratory characteristics, and vulnerabilities of HIV transmission risk in Northeastern Brazil in the era of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
Authors: Monteiro Maíra Gomes , Farrant Braz Adriana , Lima Kledoaldo , Ramos Lacerda Heloísa
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of HIV serodiscordants couples and their seronegative partners who were candidates for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrPE), and the knowledge about behavioural measures to reduce virus transmission. Methods: The research was performed in Northeastern Brazil, from February 2016 to March 2017. Ninety HIV-positive individuals (Index) and their HIV-serodiscordant partners (n = 17) were submitted for epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory questionnaires, and for rapid laboratory tests for syphilis, hepatitis B and C. Results: High frequencies of HIV-syphilis (34.4%) and HIV-HBV (3.3%) coinfection were detected in the HIV-positive individuals. Three new HIV cases were detected in partners. Most participants in both groups (85.6%, Index; 94.1%, Partners) had an excellent degree of knowledge regarding HIV transmission, although nine seronegative HIV partners with a high risk of HIV infection were identified (53%). HIV-positive individuals had a high frequency of HIV-syphilis co-infection and 10% of them did not use antiretroviral by personal option. Conclusions: Adoption of PrEP and other preventive measures to prevent HIV transmission in serodiscordants couples should be studied and evaluated.
Association Between Electroencephalogram-Derived Sleep Measures and the Change of Emotional Status Analyzed Using Voice Patterns: Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Miyashita Hirotaka , Nakamura Mitsuteru , Svensson Akiko Kishi , Nakamura Masahiro , Tokuno Shinichi , Chung Ung-Il , Svensson Thomas
Published: June 2020

Background

Measuring emotional status objectively is challenging, but voice pattern analysis has been reported to be useful in the study of emotion.

Objective

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the association between specific sleep measures and the change of emotional status based on voice patterns measured before and after nighttime sleep.

Methods

A total of 20 volunteers were recruited. Their objective sleep measures were obtained using a portable single-channel electroencephalogram system, and their emotional status was assessed using MIMOSYS, a smartphone app analyzing voice patterns. The study analyzed 73 sleep episodes from 18 participants for the association between the change of emotional status following nighttime sleep (Δvitality) and specific sleep measures.

Results

A significant association was identified between total sleep time and Δvitality (regression coefficient: 0.036, P=.008). A significant inverse association was also found between sleep onset latency and Δvitality (regression coefficient: –0.026, P=.001). There was no significant association between Δvitality and sleep efficiency or number of awakenings.

Conclusions

Total sleep time and sleep onset latency are significantly associated with Δvitality, which indicates a change of emotional status following nighttime sleep. This is the first study to report the association between the emotional status assessed using voice pattern and specific sleep measures.
The Story of #GetMePPE and GetUsPPE.org to Mobilize Health Care Response to COVID-19 : Rapidly Deploying Digital Tools for Better Health Care
Authors: He Shuhan , Ojo Ayotomiwa , Beckman Adam L , Gondi Suhas , Ranney Megan , Betz Marian , Faust Jeremy S , Choo Esther , Kass Dara , Raja Ali S
Published: June 2020

Physicians, nurses, and other health care providers initiated the #GetMePPE movement on Twitter to spread awareness of the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Dwindling supplies, such as face masks, gowns and goggles, and inadequate production to meet increasing demand have placed health care workers and patients at risk. The momentum of the #GetMePPE Twitter hashtag resulted in the creation of a petition to urge public officials to address the PPE shortage through increased funding and production. Simultaneously, the GetUsPPE.org website was launched through the collaboration of physicians and software engineers to develop a digital platform for the donation, request, and distribution of multi-modal sources of PPE. GetUsPPE.org and #GetMePPE were merged in an attempt to combine public engagement and advocacy on social media with the coordination of PPE donation and distribution. Within 10 days, over 1800 hospitals and PPE suppliers were registered in a database that enabled the rapid coordination and distribution of scarce and in-demand materials. One month after its launch, the organization had distributed hundreds of thousands of PPE items and had built a database of over 6000 PPE requesters. The call for action on social media and the rapid development of this digital tool created a productive channel for the public to contribute to the health care response to COVID-19 in meaningful ways. #GetMePPE and GetUsPPE.org were able to mobilize individuals and organizations outside of the health care system to address the unmet needs of the medical community. The success of GetUsPPE.org demonstrates the potential of digital tools as a platform for larger health care institutions to rapidly address urgent issues in health care. In this paper, we outline this process and discuss key factors determining success.
Prognostic value of the Ki-67 proliferation index in patients with triple negative breast carcinoma. Preliminary report
Authors: Fernández Ángel , Reigosa Aldo , Saldivia Felipe , Castillo Liliana , Castro Julio
Published: June 2020

The Ki-67 index is a biomarker that indicates the proliferation of cancer cells and is considered an effective prognostic factor for breast cancer. However, a standard cut-off point has not yet been established for the Ki-67 index in triple negative breast carcinomas. Therefore, the objective of this retrospective study was to determine an optimal cut-off point to establish it as a more accurate prognostic factor in the triple negative molecular subtype. The immunohistochemical analysis of the Ki-67 index was performed in 98 patients with breast cancer. The survival study using the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the factors related to overall survival. The cut-off points (20 and 25%) were selected from the univariate analysis because they had the highest Hazard ratio to perform the multivariate analysis. With statistical significance (p<0.001), the analysis revealed that in this series the optimal cut-off point of Ki-67 is 25%, with an independent value regarding the clinicopathological variables considered in the study. These data suggest that the optimal cut-off point at 25% is a more effective prognostic factor for triple negative phenotype breast cancer. Due to the importance of these findings, it is recommended to verify the prognostic value of Ki-67 25% in series with a greater number of patients.
Training on making cendol starch using blue natural dyes extracted from telang flower essence
Authors: Shofi Muh. , Putri Mardiana Prasetyani
Published: June 2020

Telang flower, scientifically named Clitoria ternatea, is a wild plant that is commonly found in home yards and is usually treated as decorative flowers. This plant is a group of legumes. Its bright blue colour adds the beauty and bloom of the home yard. In addition to its attractiveness, telang flower has many benefits, they are for eye treatment, anti-depressant, heart health care, also circulation of lipoproteins in the body. Another, telang flower is also used as food or cake colouring. Therefore, it is important to educate public society about the use of telang flower as natural dyes in making cendol starch. The objective of this community service program is to improve public society’s knowledge on the use of telang flower as natural dyes in making cendol starch for society in Datengan Village Grogol District Kediri Regency. The program had been implemented on July 20 to August 30, 2019, located in Datengan Village Grogol District Kediri Regency. Results show that the partner community were very enthusiastic on the use of natural dyes from telang flower in making cendol starch. Based on the questionnaire distributed to the partner community, it reveals that there was a significant improvement on the partner community’s knowledge which reached 90% on the use of natural dyes in making cendol starch.
Probabilidad de adopción de inocuidad en la producción de frutas y hortalizas orgánicas de México
Authors: Arroyo Cossio Arturo Julián , Avendaño Ruiz Belem Dolores , González Rodríguez Zaira
Published: June 2020

La producción de frutas y hortalizas orgánicas en México se ha posicionado exitosamente en el mercado internacional. La mayoría de sus practicantes son pequeños productores que están organizados y orientados a la producción para la exportación. Cada vez es más complejo mantenerse en este tipo de mercados, ya que es indispensable garantizar la calidad e inocuidad alimentaria de las frutas y hortalizas orgánicas que se ofertan. Los productos orgánicos han causado brotes epidemiológicos de enfermedades, que pone en riesgo la salud de los consumidores y la aceptación de estos productos en el mercado. Por esto deben identificarse las características y circunstancias que llevan a la adopción de estándares de inocuidad alimentaria. Partiendo de que los pequeños productores de frutas y hortalizas orgánicas de México no cuentan con la implementación de estándares de inocuidad alimentaria se desarrolla el presente estudio. Con análisis Probit se determina la probabilidad de la adopción de estos estándares por parte de pequeños productores. El estudio se desarrolló en ocho estados, entre ellos Puebla, Jalisco y Veracruz, se visitaron 22 municipios, entrevistaron a 56 productores de frutas y hortalizas orgánicas certificados que determinaron las variables institucionales y de producción que representan la posibilidad de adoptar inocuidad. El modelo indica que la probabilidad de adopción del estándar no solo depende de cumplir con las acciones que establece el mismo, si no de cuestiones comerciales y de compromiso con la instituciones y contratos comerciales que realicen los productores.
Constitucionalismo ambiental en Chile: Una mirada para el siglo XXI
Authors: Cubillos Torres María Constanza
Published: June 2020

Chile es parte del fenómeno del Constitucionalismo Ambiental desarrollado en la región latinoamericana, así su Constitución Política contempla el derecho de las personas a vivir en un medio ambiente libre de contaminación y establece deberes para el Estado en torno al Derecho y la protección del medio ambiente. Sin embargo, dicha fórmula ha resultado deficiente, lo que amerita replantear las cuestiones vinculadas al medio ambiente a nivel constitucional. Este trabajo recorre esta senda a partir del estudio de los proyectos de reforma constitucional que se encuentran actualmente en el Congreso Nacional, con el propósito de sistematizar análisis al servicio de un cambio que sea la base para un marco jurídico ambiental adecuado, respetuoso de los derechos humanos y que maximice a la protección del medio ambiente.
Connecting to Inner Guidance: Mindfulness Meditation and Transformation of Professional Self-Concept in Social Work Students
Authors: Birnbaum Liora
Published: June 2020

This paper describes a unique technique of training social work students: self observation via guided meditation. A workshop was conducted with two groups of students: one participated in a single-session mindfulness meditation; the other participated in this as well as three additional sessions. The workshop trained students in creative focusing while facilitating connection to inner guidance (inner voice). Tuning in to inner guidance is presented as a developmental process and an important source of knowledge about the "self." Students' experiences included various bodily sensations, interactions with a guiding figure, verbal messages or advice, and significant insights. Messages and insights were content analyzed; examples presented illustrate transitions in students' personal and professional self-concept.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing Pokok Bahasan Klasifikasi Mahluk Hidup
Authors: Margayu Tantri , Yelianti Upik , Hamidah Afreni
Published: June 2020

One of the teacher's efforts for students to play an active role in learning is to choose media that can practice the skills of conducting experiments, improve critical thinking skills so that students can develop the concept of science. This research is a development research with ADDIE development model. LKPD products are tested before being validated by media experts and material experts. The results of media validation obtained a percentage value of 98.75% with a very good category, and material validation obtained a percentage value of 90.00% with a very good category. The results of small group trials and large group trials were 93.05% and 86.25%, respectively, both included in the excellent category. Furthermore, for the perception of teachers obtained a percentage value of 97.72% with a very good category. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the inquiry-based LKPD was guided on the subject of the classification of living thing  for Seventh grade of Yunior High School suitable for use in learning.

Abstrak. Salah satu upaya guru agar peserta didik berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran adalah dengan memilih media yang dapat melatih keterampilan melakukan eksperimen, meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis sehingga peserta didik dapat mengembangkan konsep IPA.  Salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan media LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing.  Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada pokok bahasan klasifikasi mahluk hidup, juga untuk mengetahui persepsi peserta didik dan guru terhadap LKPD yang dikembangkan.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE.  Produk LKPD sebelum diujicobakan terlebih dahulu divalidasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi.  Hasil validasi media diperoleh nilai persentase 98,75% dengan katagori sangat baik,dan validasi materi diperoleh nilai persentase 90,00% dengan katagori sangat baik.  Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji coba kelompok besar secara berurutan adalah 93,05% dan 86,25%, keduanya termasuk dalam katagori sangat baik.  Selanjutnya untuk persepsi guru diperolah nilai persentase 97,72% dengan katagori sangat baik.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada pokok bahasan klasifikasi mahluk hidup untuk kelas VII SMP layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.