bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Marketing and Digital Retail Strategies in the Luxury Sector
Authors: Colella Giuseppe , Amatulli Cesare
Published: August 2021

Contemporary marketing strategies have shifted from unidirectional to bidirectional logic, according to which the rise of digitization and of social networks are changing the concept of marketing itself. The most impactful digital technologies have been digital platforms and brand communities, which have exposed companies and consumers alike to new challenges, such as online purchasing experiences. As a result, luxury retailers, who have traditionally resisted rapid adoption of market trends, have begun embracing digitization as part of their marketing strategies. This chapter highlights how understanding this topic is crucial amid changing global economics that are reshaping how luxury consumers interact with retailers. Through a qualitative approach based on semi-structured one-to-one interviews with experts from a leading digital marketing company, this chapter intends to illustrate the critical factors (and related opportunities) that luxury brands will look to exploit in the near future. The results highlight the pervading separation between digital technology and luxury brands.
A Novel Automated Approach for Deep Learning on Stereotypical Autistic Motor Movements
Authors: Shabaz Mohammad , Singla Parveen , Jawarneh Malik Mustafa Mohammad , Qureshi Himayun Mukhtar
Published: August 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an ongoing neurodevelopmental disorder, with repeated behavior called stereotypical movement autism (SMM). Some recent experiments with accelerometer features as feedback to computer classifiers demonstrate positive findings in persons with autistic motor disorders for the automobile detection of stereotypical motor motions (SMM). To date, several methods for detecting and recognizing SMMs have been introduced. In this context, the authors suggest an approach of deep learning for recognition of SMM, namely deep convolution neural networks (DCNN). They also implemented a robust DCNN model for the identification of SMM in order to solve stereotypical motor movements (SMM), which thus outperform state-of-the-art SMM classification work.
A Study on the Internet Usage Pattern of Youths in Sikkim
Authors: Saha Saibal Kumar , Saha Sangita
Published: August 2021

Internet is being used by people all over the world. It has become a part of their day-to-day activity. The smartness brought by internet and its related devices have made life of people easy. Sharing knowledge, researching, and reaching out to people are now within the reach of fingertips. This study aims to find the internet usage pattern of youth in Sikkim, India. Fourteen internet activities have been identified and through a survey. The usage of these activities was analysed for the youth population in Sikkim, India. It has been found that, more or less, all the activities are used by the youth population of Sikkim. The most popular activity is use of emails and social networking sites while blogging and video calling is not too popular. In addition, it has been found that 67% of the users use internet for more than 3 hours per day. Hence, there also is a serious risk of “internet addiction.”
Renewable Energy Sources Management and Role of Ecological Parks
Authors: Ilic Biljana Stojan
Published: August 2021

On the global level, governments are leading the national policy for development of modern technology and alternative energy resources. The tendencies of sustainable development are reflected in the realization of using renewable energy resources that contribute to a more diversified and more efficient use of clean energy. The aim of this chapter is to represent adequate responses to the efficient management at the state level that created all necessary conditions for sustainable development and energy efficiency using renewable energy resources in countries of European Union. Legal regulations, energy policy, short, medium and long-term strategy with a stimulating policy, can contribute for achieving adequate results in terms of sustainable development. The aims of this policy would be reflected in the development of eco-industrial parks and clean energy that contribute development of new companies, employment, on the state budget and local government levels.
Design of Solar System for LTE Networks
Authors: Bahgaat Naglaa Kamel , Abdel Salam Nariman , Roshdy Monika Mady , Sakr Sandy Abd Elrasheed
Published: August 2021

Rapid growth in mobile networks and the increase of the number of cellular base stations requires more energy sources, but the traditional sources of energy cause pollution and environmental problems. Therefore, modern facilities tend to use renewable energy sources instead of traditional sources. One renewable source is the photovoltaic panel, which made from semiconductor materials which absorb sunlight to generate electricity. This article discusses the importance of using solar panels to produce energy for mobile stations and also a solution to some environmental problems such as pollution. This article provides a design for a solar-power plant to feed the mobile station. Also, in this article is a prediction of all loads, the power consumed, the number of solar panels used, and solar batteries can be used to store electrical energy. Finally, an estimation of the costs of all components will be presented. Good discussion and conclusion will be presented about the results obtained. The results obtained are promising. In addition, a future plan is described to complete this important study.
Hybrid Neural Networks for Renewable Energy Forecasting
Authors: Nahid Firuz Ahamed , Ongsakul Weerakorn , Madhu M. Nimal , Laopaiboon Tanawat
Published: August 2021

One of the key applications of AI algorithms in power sector involves forecasting of stochastic renewable energy sources. To manage the generation of electricity from solar or wind effectively, accurate forecasting models are imperative. In order to achieve this goal, a sophisticated hybrid neural network formulation is discussed here in this chapter. long-short-term memory and recurrent neural networks combination is formulated for very short-term forecasting of wind speed and solar radiation. In intervals of 15 and 30 minutes, time series forecasts are made that are ahead by multiple steps. For maximum energy harvest, both point wise and probabilistic forecasting approaches are combined. Historic data is collected for solar radiation, wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity, and are used to train the model. The proposed model is compared with convolutional and LSTM neural network models individually in terms of RMSE, MAPE, MAE, and correlation, and is identified to have better forecasting accuracy.
The Impact of Smart Meter Installation on Attitude Change Towards Energy Consumption Behavior Among Northern Ireland Households
Authors: Gholami Roya , Emrouznejad Ali , Alnsour Yazan , Kartal Hasan B. , Veselova Julija
Published: August 2021

The continuous development of energy management systems, coupled with a growing population, and increasing energy consumption, highlights the necessity to develop a deep understanding of household energy consumption behavior and interventions that facilitate behavioral change. Using a data mining segmentation technique, 2,505 Northern Ireland households were segmented into four distinctive profiles, based on their energy consumption patterns, socio-demographic, and dwelling characteristics. The change in attitude towards energy consumption behavior was analyzed to evaluate the impact of smart meter feedback as well. The key finding was 81% of trial participants perceived smart meters to be helpful in reducing their energy consumption. In addition, we found that the potential to reduce energy bills and environmental concerns were the strongest motivations for behavior change.
Energy Management Enhanced ERP
Authors: Thimm Heiko
Published: August 2021

During recent years, energy management has evolved to be an important corporate work area. Despite the new business opportunities for software vendors and user companies that arise from this work area, most ERP systems still only offer limited functionality for energy management. This article attempts to demonstrate these opportunities by a description of corresponding use-cases. Also, technical considerations for the integration of energy management functionalities into an ERP system are described with a focus on a system coupling approach. The intended extension is achieved by coupling a dedicated energy management information system to the ERP system. The coupling approach is exemplified through a demonstration that consists of an extended version of the abas ERP system which has been on the market for more than 30 years.
Renewable Energy and Economic Growth
Authors: Morganti Patrizio , Garofalo Giuseppe
Published: August 2021

The global commitment to drastically curb greenhouse gas emissions towards a sustainable development is strongly connected to the development and usage of renewable energy (RE), such as solar and wind. Between 2006 and 2016, world's total RE consumption, excluding hydro-electricity, increased by almost 350%, and RE investment grew from US $47 billion in 2004 to 279.8 billion in 2017. The importance of RE has attracted a lot of attention from the economic literature as well, since a growing body of empirical research is investigating the relationships between RE and economic growth. The general outcome is the existence of a positive bi-directional (direct and reverse) link between RE consumption and real GDP, though it also emerges evidence showing no statistically significant relationship. This Chapter provides i) an overview of the recent world's trends of RE production and investment, ii) an extensive and detailed review of the recent advances in the RE-growth empirical literature, highlighting the main methodologies adopted and the main findings emerged.
Open Sourcing the Pedagogy to Activate the Learning Process
Authors: Rea Alan , Yeates Nick
Published: August 2021

Information systems graduates increasingly need to understand the collaborative, technology-driven practices inspired by open source software development that are fundamentally changing today's workplace. To meet this challenge, instructors must bring open source principles and technologies to active learning experiences. In this paper, the authors describe how nineteen undergraduates in a web development and design course at a Midwest university worked collaboratively with leading open-source software provider, Red Hat, to revamp the Teaching Open Source website. Accommodating this semester-length project required making significant revisions to course structure, instructional strategy, and assessments. The authors also describe the challenges of integrating these practices into the classroom and conclude with project reflections, including cautions and suggestions for instructors considering similar initiatives to move away from the “instructor as expert” paradigm to “meritocracy rule” thereby enabling students to make decisions with impacts beyond the classroom.
Open Source Software in Financial Auditing
Authors: Correia Tânia , Pedrosa Isabel , Costa Carlos J.
Published: August 2021

The auditing software is an essential tool to the auditor, being a mechanism that helps to achieve auditing goals to obtain efficiency, quality, and to increase reliability on data analysis and evidence collection. The auditing software can be proprietary software or free and open source software. The purpose of this chapter is to understand which factors affect open source software adoption. To achieve these goals, a survey aimed at financial auditors was carried through, and 64 complete answers were collected. Results indicate that the most used software is the proprietary software and that 43% of the respondents belong to the first stage of open source software assimilation. Additionally, it was verified that the external environment is the macro factor, which positively affects the adoption of open source software in auditing.
Open Source Software (OSS) for Big Data
Authors: Segall Richard S.
Published: August 2021

This chapter discusses Open Source Software and associated technologies for the processing of Big Data. This includes discussions of Hadoop-related projects, the current top open source data tools and frameworks such as SMACK that is acronym for open source technologies Spark, Mesos, Akka, Cassandra, and Kafka that together compose the ingestion, aggregation, analysis, and storage layers for Big Data processing. Tabular summaries and categories for 38 Open Source Statistical Software (OSSS) are provided that include for each listing of features and URLs for free downloads. The current challenges of Big Data and Open Source Software are also discussed.
redBERT
Authors: Pandey Chaitanya
Published: August 2021

A natural language processing (NLP) method was used to uncover various issues and sentiments surrounding COVID-19 from social media and get a deeper understanding of fluctuating public opinion in situations of wide-scale panic to guide improved decision making with the help of a sentiment analyser created for the automated extraction of COVID-19-related discussions based on topic modelling. Moreover, the BERT model was used for the sentiment classification of COVID-19 Reddit comments. These findings shed light on the importance of studying trends and using computational techniques to assess the human psyche in times of distress.
Comparitive Analysis of Link Prediction in Complex Networks
Authors: Nasir Furqan , Gul Haji , Bakhsh Muhammad , Salam Abdus
Published: August 2021

The most attractive aspect of data mining is link prediction in a complex network. Link prediction is the behavior of the network link formation by predicting missed and future relationships among elements based on current observed connections. Link prediction techniques can be categorized into probabilistic, similarity, and dimension reduction based. In this paper six familiar link predictors are applied on seven different network datasets to provide directory to users. The experimental results of multiple prediction algorithms were compared and analyzed on the basis of proposed comparative link prediction model. The results revealed that Jaccard coefficient and Hub promoted performed well on most of the datasets. Different applied methods are arranged on the basis of accuracy. Moreover, the shortcomings of different techniques are also presented.
Repeatability coefficient estimates and optimum number of harvests in graft/rootstock combinations for 'tahiti' acid lime
Authors: Malikouski Renan Garcia , Peixoto Marco Antônio , Morais Andréia Lopes de , Elizeu Arthur Mayrink , Rocha João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho , Zucoloto Moises , Bhering Leonardo Lopes
Published: August 2021

Combining longitudinal data and statistical models from perennial crops enabled us to estimate the optimum number of measures (harvests), implying accurate discrimination of superior genotypes in those crops. Herein, the goal of this study was to determine the optimum number of harvests based on yield traits and recommend a superior graft/rootstock combination (GRC) for Citrus latifolia Tanaka. Twenty-four GRCs of 'Tahiti' acid lime were evaluated from July 2017 to August 2018 for fruit yield per plant (FYP), number of fruits per plant (NFP), and longitudinal (LFD) and transversal fruit diameter (TFD). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. The experimental unit consisted of three individuals, totalling 244 individuals. The GRCs were composed of (i) two hybrids that were used as rootstock, citrumelo ‘Swingle’ (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) and cintrandarin ‘Riverside’ (Citrus sunki x Poncirus trifoliata); and (ii) 12 different C. latifolia genotypes that were used as grafts: Bello Fruit, Eledio, Iconha, Itarana, Santa Rosa, Bearss lime, CNPMF 01, CNPMF 02, CNPMF 2001, CNPMF 5059, BRS Passos, and Persian 58. Mixed models were employed to estimate the variance components. The optimum number of harvests was determined based on selective efficiency values above 0.9. The estimated repeatability coefficients presented values of 0.14 (LFD), 0.16 (TFD), 0.36 (FYP), and 0.38 (NFD). Based on the results, four harvests were able to choose genotypes based on FYP and NFP, whereas LFD and TFD were considered inefficient traits for recommending superior GRCs.
Prediction of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) emergence using soil thermal time
Authors: Pagnoncelli Junior Fortunato de Bortoli , Trezzi Michelangelo Muzell , Salomão Helis Marina , Hartmann Katia Cristina , Gonzalez-Andujar Jose Luis
Published: August 2021

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) is a highly competitive weed widely disseminated worldwide that affects both summer and winter crops. The development of predictive emergence models can contribute to optimizing weed management. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an empirical emergence model of Italian ryegrass based on soil thermal time. For model development, cumulative emergence in two locations was obtained, and the model was validated with data collected in an experiment conducted independently. Three commonly used emergence models were compared (Gompertz, Logistic, and Weibull). The relationship between emergence and soil thermal time was described best by the Gompertz model. The Gompertz model predicted Italian ryegrass emergence start at 300 thermal time (TT), reaching 50% emergence at 444 TT, and 90% at 590 TT. Model validation performed well in predicting Italian ryegrass emergence and proved to be efficient at describing its emergence. This is a potential predictive tool for assisting farmers with Italian ryegrass management.
Early nitrogen supplementation stimulates the nodulation and growth of common bean plants inoculated with rhizobium
Authors: Zoffoli Bárbara Cavalheiro , Brito Luciana Fernandes , Straliotto Rosângela , Araújo Adelson Paulo de
Published: August 2021

The initial development of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) relying on symbiotic nitrogen (N) can be limited by delayed active N2 fixation, requiring supplemental N which in turn may inhibit the symbiosis. Five experiments were carried out in hydroponics to identify the initiation of nodulation and nitrogenase activity in common bean cultivars, and the effects of additions of mineral N on plant nodulation and growth. Three experiments evaluated the initial growth of five inoculated bean cultivars in the absence or presence of mineral N, and two experiments evaluated the effect of the moment of mineral N addition until the beginning of reproductive stage. The first root nodules appeared 10 days after plant transplant (DAT) and nitrogenase activity initiated 11 DAT. Cultivars of large seeds had lower initial nodulation and nitrogenase activity than those of small seeds. Inoculated plants showed limited shoot growth that lasted until 21-25 DAT as compared to inoculated plants receiving mineral N. Addition of mineral N reduced nodule mass more intensively than nodule number and more strongly nitrogenase activity. Nitrogen applied until 15 DAT enhanced nodulation and nitrogenase activity without limiting shoot growth, as compared to plants receiving N throughout their growth. Otherwise, plants that received N after 15 DAT had lower nodule mass and nitrogenase activity than plants only inoculated. The results indicate that symbiotic N did not suffice to an adequate growth of common beans and some supplemental N is necessary. This N should be added in the beginning of growth cycle to stimulate plant growth without inhibiting further nodulation and N fixation.
Tessituras referenciais na orientação argumentativa e temática: a (des)focalização na produção escrita de uma reportagem
Authors: Albuquerque Rodrigo , Diefenthäler Júlia Moutinho
Published: August 2021

Em nossa concepção, língua e usuário/a de língua(gem) mantêm estreita relação entre si, na medida em que este/a mobiliza, em dado gênero discursivo, mecanismos sociocognitivos e linguístico-discursivos na produção de determinado texto, motivado/a por suas práticas socioculturais. Assim, o texto, sob as óticas sociointeracional, sociocognitiva e pragmática, congrega sujeitos, ao mesmo tempo, estratégicos/intencionais e sociais/(inter)acionais. Assumimos, neste artigo, que a escrita demanda a construção de uma tessitura referencial permeada pela progressão de objetos-de-discurso, o que implica, tanto no plano material quanto no plano discursivo do texto, a presença de um fio condutor responsável pela construção conjunta de sentidos e, por conseguinte, de argumentação (ainda que lato sensu). Diante desse conjunto de pressuposições, almejamos, à luz da linguística textual, de abordagem sociointeracional, sociocognitiva e pragmática, avaliar os efeitos decorrentes de processos de desfocalização de objetos-de-discurso, que compõem a tessitura referencial, na manutenção temática e na orientação argumentativa de uma reportagem produzida por uma estudante do 9º ano. Sob o guarda-chuva do paradigma qualitativo, nossa pesquisa, ao orientar-se por princípios etnográficos e discursivos, constituiu-se das seguintes etapas: (i) escolha do campo para a geração de dados; (ii) negociação com todos/as os/as atores/atrizes sociais para a realização da pesquisa; (iii) entrevista semiestruturada com a professora para discutir suas percepções relativas ao desempenho de suas turmas e ao ensino de língua portuguesa; e (iv) análise conjunta (colaboradora, pesquisadora e pesquisador) do texto da estudante. No curso da pesquisa, constatamos que a construção das tessituras referenciais da aluna atendeu plenamente a demandas da textualidade e do gênero discursivo. Esperamos que este trabalho inspire novos caminhos investigativos pelas tessituras referenciais e instigue, sobretudo, uma práxis de ensino que oportunize um/a usuário/a da língua(gem) sempre reflexivo/a acerca de suas escolhas linguístico-discursivas.
Argumentação retórica e ethos organizacional: estudos de caso em contexto português
Authors: Pinto Rosalice
Published: August 2021

O estudo da argumentação, seguindo os preceitos clássicos, como se sabe, está atrelado a uma concepção lógico-discursiva. Contudo, na atualidade, nas diversas práticas sociais, o ato de argumentar deve ser revisto, devendo-se considerar não apenas a sua dimensão racional (logos), mas as suas dimensões éticas (ethos) e patéticas (pathos), tradicionalmente estudadas pela Retórica. É esta argumentação retórica, estrategicamente semiotizada, que está presente nos discursos midiáticos, políticos, publicitários e empresariais. Frente à relevância da temática, no mundo atual, este trabalho volta-se para a análise dessa argumentação em um gênero textual específico: anúncios publicitários presentes em discursos organizacionais. Com isso, este artigo objetiva demonstrar de que forma algumas empresas fazem uso de estratégias argumentativo-retóricas ‘politicamente corretas’ para a construção de um ethos organizacional mais ‘adequado’ aos valores socialmente aceitos na atualidade. Visa, assim, a mostrar que o ‘ser politicamente correto’ na comunicação organizacional pode requerer diferentes estratégias linguístico-textuais, de natureza argumentativa, em função dos interesses mercadológicos institucionais. De forma a atingir os objetivos propostos, serão analisados alguns estudos de caso selecionados a partir de empresas de transporte portuguesas. Estudos preliminares atestam que questões ambientais (um dos aspectos relevantes para a caracterização da sustentabilidade das empresas), evidenciadas por empresas politicamente corretas, em seu triple botton line, estão diretamente relacionadas a valores éticos, sendo que estes são semiotizados distintamente nos textos analisados. Evidentemente, esses valores estão a serviço de valores pragmáticos, característicos da comunicação organizacional centrada no seu papel mercadológico
Comparative study for naval repairs using longitudinal slipway or airbags
Authors: Melazzo Filho Giuseppe , Lameira Pedro Igor Dias , Saavedra Rodrigo  dos Santos , Filgueiras Tainã Carvalho Garcia Miranda , Campos Filho Lúcio Carlos
Published: August 2021

Ship repair has gained prominence as a service offered at the shipyards following a crisis in the shipbuilding industry, which has seen a fall in demand for new constructions, causing many companies in the sector to stall, especially shipyards. For a repair yard to be economically viable, in times of crisis, cost reduction is essential to make a sustainable business, so this comparative study aims to check the technical and economic feasibility of this change in the type of dry-docking. The present work deals with a comparative study between the use of the longitudinal slipway and the airbags for dry-docking and repair of river barges. The study sought to identify data from the vessels used for this project, to verify the average displacement of these vessels to analyze the airbags' carrying capacity, as well as the size of the winch to perform the dry-docking service. Since most repair yards use leased areas, the flexibility achieved with the use of airbags, as well as the reduced need for investments in the area, are benefits provided by using them. This work presented satisfactory results for the use of river barge docking airbags as a competitive alternative in repair services.
Characterization and selection of markers associated with resistance analogous genes as input for genetic analysis of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.
Authors: Santos Luiz Henrique Tolentino , Dias Cibelle Santos , Silveira Lucas Amorim , Meira Messulan Rodrigues , Santos Elisa Susilene Lisboa dos , Cerqueira-Silva Carlos Bernard Moreno
Published: August 2021

The characterization and selection of molecular markers are important for genetic pre-breeding programs since they make it possible to choose the most appropriate markers to be used in future research. Therefore, enabling the generation of subsidies for genetic-molecular studies in algabora (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC). The amplification profile was characterized. It was generated from 17 pairs of RGA primers (Resistance Gene Analogs) in 20 samples of genomic DNA of P. juliflora extracted from specimens collected in the city of Itapetinga, Bahia. The amplifications were performed according to previously published laboratory routines and the amplification profiles analyzed from the photodocumentation of the electrophoresis results in 2% agarose gels. Based on the amplification profiles the primer pairs were classified as: Suitable: amplifications in the whole samples and with easy visualization; Reasonable: amplification in parts of the samples and/or difficult to visualize or Inadequate: absence of visible amplification products. Descriptive analyzes associated with the number of generated markers, percentage of polymorphism, expected heterozygosity (He) and the content of polymorphic information (PIC) were also performed. In a nutshell, 12 out of the 17 pairs of RGA primers generated amplification products with easy visualization and only two of these 12 pairs of primers were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism varied from 60% to 100%, He and PIC presented an average of 0.21 (ranging from 0 to 0.38) and 0.17 (ranging from 0 to 0.29), respectively. The results confirm that the RGA primers present adequate characteristics for genetic studies in P. juliflora, making it possible to prioritize 12 pairs of primers, which are subject to genetic improvement studies.
Unlocking the Potential of Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing in Resolving Well Integrity Issues
Authors: Dutta Shaktim , Singh Kamaljeet , Agrawal Gaurav , Kumar Apoorva
Published: August 2021

Multiple leaks in production tubing of deep wells can be efficiently identified using fiber-optic distributed temperature measurement and thereby mitigating the health, safety and environment (HSE) risk associated with a potential well barrier failure. Further, a production log can be used to gain more insight and finalize a way ahead to resolve the issues of the well integrity.

An innovative solution-driven approach was identified with fiber-optic distributed measurement playing a key role. Multiple leaks were suspected in the production system and a fiber-optic cable was run to identify possible areas of leak path. In these deep wells, after the fiber-optic data acquisition, a production log was recorded across selective depths to provide more insights on leak paths. Post identification of leak depths, a definitive decision between tubular patching and production system overhaul was decided based on combined outputs of fiber-optic, production log and tubular patch technology.

Results are presented for a two-well operation. Taking an example of Well A, leaks were successfully identified at three depths using the novel operational approach. Further, operation time was reduced from three days (conventional production log measurement performed during daylight operation) to one day (combination of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing and production log in a single run). Diagnosis of production system issues were completed in one flowing and one shut-in survey condition, thereby reducing the risk of HSE exposure with multiple flowing conditions (conventional production log measurement). Additional insight and confirmation on leaks were observed from production log data which helped identify the presence of a leak across the tubing body. This observation was substantial in deciding whether to proceed with tubing patch or replace the entire production tubing. Tubing patch technology was not satisfactorily recognized to provide well integrity across leak depths. Hence, the decision was made to replace the entire production tubing.

The novel operational approach affirms the versatility of fiber-optic distributed temperature measurement in solving critical issues of operation time and reducing HSE exposure while delivering decisive information on production system issues. The paper serves as a staging area for other applications of similar nature to unlock even wider horizons for distributed temperature sensing.
First Full-Electric Shared-Actuation Control for Subsea Manifolds in Brazilian Ultra-Deep Waters: A Discussion of the Technological Development up to Field Commissioning
Authors: Rabello Alexandre , Neto Dorival Natal , Coelho Eduardo , Seraco Estevan , Destro Wagner , Labes Alan , Rodriguez Gustavo , Cuellar Nilton , Lacher Esteban , Marcos Daniel , Coelho Vitor Cremoso , Noriega Nestor
Published: August 2021

In projects to develop offshore production in Brazilian pre-salt fields, an innovative model of subsea manifolds is being used, based on shared-actuation control (SAC) for the remote operation of valves. The control solution, which comprises the first full-electric robotic tool designed to operate in ultra-deep waters, has achieved an important mark in 2020, with the commissioning and start-of-operation of the first fabricated unit. In this article, we present lessons learned and discuss relevant specifications and programs of the technological development that contributed for the results obtained so far.

Considering aspects on conception, technology, and environment of application, the pre-salt SAC required the adoption of new solutions on several disciplines of subsea engineering. As a typical case of technological development, the design process comprised decisions on engineering requirements and the establishment of a comprehensive qualification program. Now, after the first robot completing critical stages at field, such as subsea deployment, functional testing, and integration with the subsea system, we obtain a set of performance results that serve us to evaluate e.g. how effective were the selected technical specifications and testing routines, used throughout the engineering program. This discussion also provides possible adjustments in the overall development plan, considering its application as new generations of SAC arise.

The commissioning in 2020 of the first robot resulted in its full integration with the subsea manifold and the correspondent production system, contributing to water-alternating-gas injection in the pre-salt field Tupi Extremo Sul. A second subsea system featuring the same model of robotic tool, for manifold control, is in advanced schedule in 2021 for integration in Búzios II, another pre-salt field in Brazil.

Confirming the advantages that we could expect with the adoption of SAC in subsea equipment, the pre-salt SAC allowed a series of optimizations on design of the robot-controlled manifold. The robot tool replaced all the hydraulic actuators that traditional control systems, based on electric-hydraulic multiplexing, would require to implement remote controlling of the manifold valves. This led to a significant reduction on sizes and weight of the manifold structure.
Benefits of Using Requirements Management Tools on a Digitized API 17O Document
Authors: Climacosa Reynaldo Celestial , Matlock Sierra Foster , Ollero Joveline Anne , Miller David
Published: August 2021

Currently oil and gas companies are spending billions of dollars on digitalization efforts. One important aspect of a project that needs to be digitized are requirements. Most oil and gas companies receive project documentation and requirements as PDF files. Receiving PDF documents make it very difficult for companies to manipulate the content to identify which parts of the document are requirements and which parts are just background information. In addition, documents that contain requirements have poorly written requirements that are ambiguous, and can have many interpretations, making it difficult to show compliance. To solve the issues caused by poorly written requirements and receiving PDF files instead of receiving requirements in a more usable format, the solution is to rewrite the requirements and use a requirements management (RM) tool to put the requirements in a database. The American Petroleum Institute (API) 17O 2nd Edition document and a representative list of High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS) product requirements are used to show the benefits of using a requirements management tool. This paper will describe the prerequisites prior to selecting an RM tool, show how using a requirements quality analyzer tool can aid in preparing requirements to be imported into an RM tool, demonstrate the main benefits of using an RM tool in a project context, and discuss lessons learned from adding an RM tool to a document-based project.
Asset Lifecycle Management – The Digital Solution
Authors: Dady Johnathan Eugene
Published: August 2021

The challenges presented in the current market environment demand operational efficiency with low risk tolerance. Maximizing uptime and reducing unplanned events is paramount to preserve revenue. Asset Lifecycle Management (ALCM) is a strategy built to capitalize on the use of data analytics, superior system integration, and comprehensive condition assessments. This strategy is intended to produce significant benefits and maximize shareholder return through the optimization of maintenance, operations, and inventory.

Traditional schedules of maintaining equipment can be replaced with automated analytics enhanced by equipment design knowledge and historical data. Developing technology enables a cost-effective means of applying this capability. Monitoring equipment condition and advanced analysis of equipment data compared to design parameters and historical performance provides valuable insight into the actual usage and lifecycle of the equipment. Design life utilization (usage) of critical load path drilling equipment can be determined by comparing how much work the equipment has done to how much work it was designed to do. This paper explores new methods of analyzing operational and equipment data, enabling the creation of robust usage models. These models are compared with the analysis of vibration, oil, fatigue, dimensional, and other physical inspection data. This empowers a comprehensive usage and condition monitoring paradigm that is data driven. Case studies performed on multiple drilling rigs proves extremely low usage and supports the deferral of traditional 5-year overhauls on this equipment. Modeling of normal operations is also explored, and a hook load model is created. The statistical analysis available from this operating model is compared to historical operational and maintenance records and proves to track an actual failure, thus substantiating value for anomaly detection if used real-time.
Premium Anti-Rotation Casing Connector with Metal-to-Metal Seal Optimized for High Fatigue Performance to Meet Market Needs by Reducing OPEX and Risk Exposure
Authors: Ellisor Scott Patrick , Grohmann Andrew John , Rye Justin Lee , Kaculi Jim T.
Published: August 2021

The oil and gas industry continues to face the need to reduce risk exposure and OPEX as a means to compensate for market volatility and lower oil prices. Typical casing connector designs and methods of running casing are becoming less viable as the industry struggles to lower installation costs and reduce HSE concerns. This dilemma leads manufactures to provide practical solutions to reduce the risk exposure while driving costs down by reducing installation time and required rig personnel. This paper outlines how this innovative and fully qualified technology lowers overall risk exposure while reducing OPEX during the installation of casing connectors.

A new premium threaded connector named BADGeR™ has been designed and fully qualified and its features have been patented. State of the art verification techniques utilizing finite element analysis were used to fully simulate the combined load conditions during the qualification program that mimic field conditions and meet and exceed industry standard requirements. Special consideration was given to connector make-up and metal-to-metal sealing technology, superior fatigue performance, welding, coating, galling, surface finish, and lubrication. After a lengthy iterative design process, the final design was fully qualified following ISO 13679 / API 5C5 with additional fatigue performance testing.

Details of the design features, analysis methodology and results, structural and sealability test results, and fatigue test results are presented. Advantages of this casing connector design relative to traditional industry casing connectors are highlighted.

BADGeR includes an innovative hands-free anti-rotation mechanism that significantly reduces rig time and HSE risk exposure. The connector has automatic make-up with gas tight metal-to-metal seal performance that is not impacted by increased tension to the string. The fatigue performance of this connector exceeds the current market offerings. This combination of features incorporated into the connector has gained the attention of the industry and the opportunity to use this technology for critical service wells applications.
Integrated Approach to Multiphase Flow Regime Prediction Through Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD
Authors: Straw Matt , Aglave Ravindra , Piccioli Rodolfo
Published: August 2021

This paper presents recent advances in multiphase modelling methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It uses case studies to show how integration of advanced multiphase modelling approaches can improve the fidelity and realism of simulation of separation and process systems; helping improve design and performance.

CFD has been widely used to aid the design and operational performance of many separation and multiphase production and process systems; often providing significant insight and performance improvement.

Traditionally, numerous compromises or simplifications must be made when simulating complex multiphase flows and their transitions within production and separation systems using CFD. For example, the modelling methods applicable to capture gas-liquid or liquid-liquid interface behaviour are not suitable (or practical) to also capture gas columns, liquid films or liquid entrainment phenomena, that may be important to quantifying overall system performance. To accommodate different multiphase phenomena and flow regimes, multiple CFD simulations or approaches have often been required. This can limit the insight or fidelity of a given simulation or, in some cases, mean overall performance cannot be fully quantified (even though useful performance indicators may still be identified).

Here, the authors present advances in hybrid multiphase modelling and how integration of multiphase modelling approaches enables multiple multiphase flow regimes and their transition to be captured through CFD simulation. The paper will demonstrate how these advances enables simulation of more complex behaviours with increased fidelity.

Examples, case studies and validation cases are presented demonstrating phenomena including bulk liquid interface break-up, liquid film formation and entrainment of droplets plus their break—up and deposition. The examples will be presented in the context of the improvements possible in simulation fidelity and realism, of multiphase systems, and how this can impact the insight and value gained from CFD simulation in this complex field.

The work presented shows how new developments and evolution of CFD-based predictions can advance how the industry uses this approach and the value that can be obtained.

It highlights how integration of the most advanced modelling approaches and methods is key to the next stage of application of CFD to enable better representation of the full range of fluid mechanics that are critical to many separation and multiphase system designs and performance.
Empirical Design of Optimum Frequency of Well Testing for Deepwater Operation
Authors: Udofia Emmanuel
Published: August 2021

Well testing could be described as a process required to calculate the volumes of (oil, water and gas) production from a well in a bid to identify the current state of the well. Amongst other things, well testing aims to provide information for effective Well, Reservoir and Facility Management. Normally, as a means of well performance health-check, reconciliation factor (RF) is generated by comparing the fiscal production volume against the theoretical well test volume. Experiences from the Coronavirus pandemic has brought about the new normal into well test execution. In deepwater environment, the process of well testing is more challenging and this paper aims to address these challenges and propose optimum well test frequency for deepwater operations.

It is usually required that routine well test be conducted once every month on all flowing strings, this is for statutory compliance and well health-check purposes. However, in deepwater environment, it is difficult to comply with this periodic well test requirement mainly due to production flow line slugging, plant process upset and/or tripping resulting in production deferment and operational risk exposure. Furthermore, to carry out well test in deepwater operation, production cutback is required for flow assurance purpose and this usually results in huge production deferment. In this field of interest, this challenge has been managed by deploying a data-driven application to monitor production on individual flowing strings in real-time thereby optimizing the frequency of well test on every flowing well. Varying rate well test data are captured and used to calibrate this tool or application for subsequent real-time production monitoring. This initiative ensures that all the challenges earlier mentioned are managed while actually optimizing the frequency of testing the wells using intelligent application which serves as a ‘virtual meter’ for testing all producing wells in real time.

As mentioned, well testing in most deepwater assets remain a big challenge but this project based field experience has ensured effective well testing operation resulting in reduction of production deferment and safety exposure during plant tripping whilst optimizing frequency of testing the wells. Following this achievement of the optimized well test to quarterly frequency in this field in Nigerian deepwater, recommendation from this paper will assist other deepwater field operators in managing routine well testing operation optimally.
The Effects of Low Temperature Carbon Diffusion on Stainless Steel
Authors: Dymond Paul , Bauer Alexandra , Cummings David
Published: August 2021

Stainless steels along with Nickel based alloys are often selected for many applications in corrosive environments. While resistance to corrosion makes them a favorable choice, poor tribological behavior may prevent a broader use of these materials. The Kolsterising® process is a proven method for the surface hardening of these materials by the diffusion of carbon. This paper intends to highlight the improvements typically seen in key mechanical properties including resistance to galling, wear resistance, and fatigue life. Untypically, due to the nature of the process, these properties are generally improved without the usual associated reduction in corrosion resistance. Property improvements will be demonstrated using both new and existing data from Europe and North America.
A Digital Twin for Real-Time Drilling Hydraulics Simulation Using a Hybrid Approach of Physics and Machine Learning
Authors: Amur Varadarajan Prasanna , Roguin Ghislain , Abolins Nick , Ringer Maurice
Published: August 2021

Abnormal hydraulic event detection is essential for offshore well construction operations. These operations require model comparisons and real-time measurements. For this task, physics-based models, which need frequent manual calibration do not accurately capture all the hydraulic trends. The paper presents a method to overcome existing limitations by combining physics-based models with machine learning techniques, which are suited for time series forecasting. This method ensures accurate and reliable predictions during the forecasting period and helps remove the need for frequent manual calibration of the hydraulic input parameters.
A Subsea Chemicals Storage Solution Based on Liquid Barriers
Authors: Simionato Manuel , Giudicianni Carlo
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a solution for subsea storage of chemicals, where the conventional solid barriers between the chemical and sea water are replaced by a liquid layer, forming a liquid stacking tower inside a vertical tank. It can deal with most of the chemical formulations, providing a pressure balanced system based on barriers that are inherently damage-free. The storage units are easy to integrate and maintain as their design is simple. The benefits of the technology are discussed, also providing an overview of the ongoing qualification programme.