bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY OF MODELS MANUFACTURED USING SLS TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, MALARA DOMINIK , KOZIOR TOMASZ ,   Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, SWIDERSKI JACEK ,   Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, DOBROWOLSKI TOMASZ ,   Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, NAWOTKA MICHAŁ ,   Central Office of Measures, BOCHENEK ALEKSANDRA ,   Central Office of Measures
Published: February 2025

The measurement of the geometric structure of a surface is a key issue in determining the useful characteristics of the component under study. The main objective of the presented research was to compare methods of assessing the geometric structure of the surface of models made using additive technology of Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). In the research carried out, optical measuring instruments using the following methods were used: focal differential, confocal, interferometric and contact profilometer as a reference method. Tests for the optical methods were carried out using a LEICA DCM8 multisensor instrument with a x50 magnification lens and for the contact method using a Form Talysurf PGI 1230 profilometer. The samples were made from PA 2200 polyamide powder. The test results showed differences in the number of non-measured points and the measurement time. The lowest number of non-measured points and the shortest measurement time were the results obtained using the focal variation method. The results from the contact method showed lower values for all evaluated roughness parameters than the optical methods.
In vivo antibacterial activity and biochemical effects of methanol extract of Annona muricata leaves against multidrug- resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in Wistar rats
Authors: Fondeh Brenda Mazongue , Awah Laupy Anne , Ndip Rita Ayuk , Kibu Odette Dzemo , Ngemenya Moses Njutain
Published: February 2025

Background: The increasing antibiotic resistance and paucity of new antibiotics has contributed greatly to the high morbidity and mortality of salmonellosis necessitating the search for alternative treatments. Annona muricata has shown promising activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella in vitro but in vivo studies are rare. This study evaluated the activity of A. muricata, against MDR Salmonella Typhimurium in vivo.
Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a methanol crude extract of A. muricata was determined by micro-dilution assay against a characterized MDR clinical S. Typhimurium strain. Wistar rats infected with 3 x 108 CFUs/mL of the MDR strain were treated with 50-200 mg/kg body weight of extract for 10 days. Faecal load of S. Typhimurium colonies was determined by the direct plate count technique on days 1, 5 and 10. Animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for biochemical analyses. Data were analysed using GraphPad Prism Software.
Results: The S. Typhimurium strain was multidrug-resistant and the extract recorded a MIC of 2 mg/ml The extract produced a significant (p<0.001) dose-dependent reduction in Salmonella colonies in faeces of treated rats with a 100% inhibition recorded at 200 mg/kg body weight on day 10. Liver and renal function tests did not indicate any abnormalities (p<0.05). 
Conclusions: This is the first report of in vivo activity of A. muricata leaves against multidrug-resistant Salmonella. The high activity and lack of adverse toxicity supports it use in traditional medicine and hence is a potential treatment for resistant Salmonella infections.
Liver biomarkers of silymarin milk thistle on paracetamol induced liver toxicity in adult albino rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Ngetich Davis Kiprono , Korir Scolastica
Published: February 2025

Background: Paracetamol is the most common analgesic that is readily available with or without prescription over the counter and its toxicity is due to misuse or overdose associated with liver damage. Silymarin milk thistle is an edible herb believed to have antioxidant, scavenging and regulation of glutathione contents within the cell. Aim of the study was to determine the effects of different doses of silymarin milk thistle on liver biomarkers of paracetamol induced liver toxicity among albino rats.
Methods: Twenty-four adult albino rats were randomly grouped into four groups each group consisting of six animals. Paracetamol-only group given high dose paracetamol-750 mg/kbwt and control group received water and food only. The experimental group, were divided into three subgroups with all receiving high dose paracetamol for five days and thereafter given varying doses of silymarin milk thistle. SIL-G1 given 200 mg/kbwt of silymarin milk thistle, SIL-G2 given 400 mg/kbwt of silymarin milk thistle and SIL-G3 was given 600 mg/kbwt of silymarin milk thistle.  All the animals were fed with standard rodent foods and water ad libitum. After completion of 24 hours of the last drug administration, they were humanely sacrificed, serum biochemical analysis of liver biomarkers (ALP, ALT and AST) was determined.
Results: High dose of paracetamol induced liver toxicity. Upon administration of high dose of silymarin milk thistle, there was restoration of ALP, AST and ALP of all these biomarkers in relation to the control group.
Conclusions: These findings showed that high dose (600 mg/kbwt) of silymarin milk thistle was found to have restorative effects and normalized liver biomarkers of ALP, AST and ALT.
Comparison of safety and efficacy of lithium and lithium with SSRI bipolar disorder
Authors: Vallabhaeni Rajesh , Malu Sanket G. , Anandi Basavambika V. , Jeevanagi Santhoshkumar R.
Published: February 2025

Background: Bipolar disorder is a serious psychiatric illness resulting in depression and mania that affects approximately 1.5% of the world population and represents a significant source of individual morbidity and mortality. Hence the present study was undertaken to compare the safety and efficacy of Lithium and Lithium with SSRI in Bipolar disorder.
Methods: Study was conducted in outpatient department, Department of Psychiatry, Basaveshwar Teaching and General Hospital attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka. After obtaining Informed and written consent, Total 60 patients were selected after inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were diagnosed according to MINI and were divided into 2 groups, Group 1: Patients receiving Lithium 800-1200 group 2: Patients receiving Lithium + Escitalopram 20 mg/those intolerants to Escitalopram were given Sertraline 100 mg. Both groups were followed up regularly at interval of 1, 3, 5 and 8 weeks
Results: Findings were tabulated according to comparative tools like MADRS, YMRS, C-SSRS, CGI- BP & QOLS, they were subjected to t-test and ANOVA to verify the outcome
Conclusions: Patients treated with Lithium + SSRI showed to have better quality of life and had a lower risk of switch to manic episodes.
Evaluation of the mechanism of action of Aegle marmelos in a murine model of 3% dextran sulphate sodium induced acute colitis
Authors: Nachane Alok , Kamat Sandhya K. , Radhakrishnan Manoj , Nataraj Gita , Kuyare Sunil S.
Published: February 2025

Background: An earlier study by us in a murine model of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced acute colitis showed that aqueous extract of unripe fruit of Aegle marmelos (780 mg/kg/day) was comparable with Sulfasalazine. In this study we evaluated the same extract for anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and prebiotic activity in the same model.
Methods: 48 adult swiss albino mice (>6 weeks age) of either sex (18-25 grams) were divided into four groups (n=12/) i.e., normal control (distilled water-10 ml/kg/day), Disease control (Distilled water-10 ml/kg/day), Positive Control (Sulfasalazine-100 mg/kg/day) and Test drug (A. marmelos-780 mg/kg/day). The drug/vehicle was administered orally for 14 days from day 1 through day 14. Acute colitis was induced by adding 3% DSS in drinking water from day 8 to 14 in all groups except normal control. The animals were euthanized on day 15, each group were divided into two batches (n=6). One batches were used to estimate colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) and TNF-α. The other batch was used to cultivate lactobacilli and aerobic microbiota from colonic contents, three animals from this batch were also used to estimate colonic MPO and TNF-α.
Results: Mice administered A. marmelos, and sulfasalazine showed significantly higher colon lengths, colon weight/ length ratios, colonic TNF-α and MPO levels, and both were significantly better than disease control. Lactobacilli and aerobic bacteria counts were significantly higher in A. marmelos group compared to the disease control and were comparable to normal control. However, sulfasalazine showed no improvement in the colonic microbiota counts.
Conclusions: A. marmelos showed anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and prebiotic activity.
Exploring the phytochemical constituents of Aegle marmelos (bael) and their therapeutic potential against chronic diseases
Authors: Sahoo Lopamudra , Nayak Yashaswi , Mohanty Sanjib Kumar
Published: February 2025

Aegle marmelos (Bael), a highly esteemed plant in traditional medicine, is recognized for its remarkable therapeutic properties, attributed to its rich and diverse phytochemical composition. The plant contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, coumarins and essential oils, which contribute to its pharmacological activities. These compounds exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects, positioning Bael as a promising natural remedy for managing chronic diseases. Bael has demonstrated significant efficacy in regulating blood glucose levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity and protecting pancreatic beta cells, making it an effective agent in diabetes management. Additionally, its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are essential in combating oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are key drivers of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Bael’s antimicrobial properties further expand its potential to address infections and gastrointestinal issues. However, the integration of Aegle marmelosinto mainstream medicine faces challenges, including variability in its phytochemical composition, lack of standardized formulations and insufficient clinical trials to validate its safety and efficacy. This review aims to comprehensively explore the phytochemical constituents of Aegle marmelosand their therapeutic potential, particularly against chronic diseases. By identifying research gaps and future directions, it seeks to support the development of Bael as a reliable, standardized and effective therapeutic agent for modern healthcare.
A prospective study of the surgical management of malleolar fractures around the ankle
Authors: Mathew Arun Mammen , Roby Ashwin , M. Nasneem
Published: February 2025

Background: Ankle fractures are commonly occurring fractures, especially in the aging population, where they often present as fragility fractures.
Methods: Malleolar (mono, bi and tri malleolar) fracture patients treated at a tertiary healthcare centre located in South Kerala, India were included in this prospective study. The present study comprised of 27 patients over 20 years of age with closed, unstable or displaced ankle malleolar fractures treated surgically attending the study centre over a period of 6 months. After a clinical evaluation, a full survey was done to rule out major damage. After surgical intervention, follow-up occurred every 6 weeks for at least 8 months. The study used Baird and Jackson's subjective, objective and radiographic ankle scoring method to assess functional outcome.
Results: The findings indicated that the predominant injury types according to the lauge hansen classification were supination-external rotation (40.7%) and pronation-external rotation (40.7%). The results indicated that the majority of participants achieved excellent scores (59.25%), followed by good scores (18.5%), fair scores (14.8%) and poor scores (7.4%).
Conclusions: The study of surgical interventions for malleolar fractures at the ankle demonstrates that open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is an effective treatment method, leading to improved functional outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of precise anatomical alignment and stable fixation in mitigating issues such as malunion and non-union.
Comparison of surgical approaches of total hip arthroplasty in Crowe 3/4 dysplastic hips in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Smadi Zina , Halayqeh Sereen , Alhanbali Yazeed E. , Faraj Arez R. , Ismail Omar M. , Haddad Bassem I.
Published: February 2025

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) presents unique challenges for total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to altered anatomy, requiring tailored surgical approaches. Differences in outcomes such as Harris Hip Score (HHS), leg length discrepancy (LLD), operative variables, and postoperative complications between THA approaches remain unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate variations in functional outcomes, operative data, and postoperative complications among THA approaches in adult patients with DDH, focusing on direct anterior (DAA), posterolateral (PLA), and anterolateral (ALA) approaches, as well as osteotomy versus non-osteotomy techniques. Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, and manual sources for retrospective studies published until March 2024. An inverse variance pooling meta-analysis was conducted. Thirty-five studies (1501 hips; 1246 patients; mean age 46.9 years; mean follow-up 7 years) were included. HHS improved by 47.08 points with no significant differences between approaches (p=0.81) or osteotomy groups (p=0.96). LLD reduced by 3.50 cm overall, with the posterior approach achieving the greatest reduction (-3.67 cm, p=0.03). Operative time (148.47 minutes) and blood loss (832.74 ml) did not differ significantly between DAA and PLA (p=0.59 and p=0.08, respectively). Minor complications, including nerve palsy and non-union, were rare. Dislocation rates were higher with the posterior approach (2%, p=0.04), while infection rates were negligible (0%). THA approaches in DDH yield comparable functional and operative outcomes. The posterior approach achieved the greatest LLD reduction but had a higher risk of dislocation, highlighting the need for careful approach selection.
Estudio de los usos y usuarios de la revista biodiversidade brasileira desde la perspectiva de los centros nacionales de investigación del instituto Chico Mendes para la conservación de la biodiversidad
Authors: Oliveto Fernanda Aléssio
Published: February 2025

Este artículo analiza las revistas como principales instrumentos para comunicar los resultados de la investigación. Su objetivo es analizar el perfil de los usuarios y los usos de la información.mSe trata de una investigación descriptiva, cualitativa-cuantitativa de la revista Biodiversidade Brasileira, publicada por el Instituto Chico Mendes para la Conservación de lamBiodiversidad. Se estudió el universo de los funcionarios de los Centros Nacionales de Investigación del Instituto. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado. Los resultados mostraron que la revista es relativamente conocida y buscada por sus temas exclusivos. Se destaca el desafío de aumentar el factor de impacto; la indexación en bases de datos de renombre es una posible solución para brindar más confiabilidad a la revista.
The Representation of Russia in South African History Textbooks
Authors: Halsall Tarryn
Published: February 2025

South Africa and Russia share an intricate and complex historical relationship. At one time, Russia played as both an ally to the anti-Apartheid opposition as well as an enemy of the South African state. Given the straddling of ideological eras and the influence on South African politics, historically and contemporarily, how does South Africa represent this vital partnership in its programmatic curriculum or textbooks? This article focused on the representation of Russia in South African school history textbooks. This article focused on the phenomenon of representation guided by two research questions: how is Russia represented within South Africa’s school history textbooks, and why are they represented the way they are? Given South Africa and Russia’s significant historical, political and economic affiliations, it is essential to understand how South Africa represents its crucial partner in its history textbooks. Using qualitative content analysis, history textbooks for Grades 9, 11 and 12 (where Russia appeared) were analysed to understand how Russia was represented. What was found is that there is not only an overt focus on Russian history but Russia’s history is largely presented as a history great men. The textbooks focus on key male leaders rather than key events. Specific key events identified in the textbooks lack in detail as the focus lies on male leaders and their decision. In addition, despite the large content coverage dedicated to Russia, very little specific detail is provided and thus, more of a superficial historical coverage emerges. Finally, a fragmented historical representation appears across the textbooks.
Impact of family support and mental resilience on benign tumor rehabilitation in Chinese patients
Authors: Zeng Qingxia , Yuan Shanshan , Guo Chengzhe
Published: February 2025

This research investigated the influence of mental resilience and emotional support of family members on the rehabilitation outcomes of patients with benign tumors in China. The study investigated 100 patients and separated them into (50 for the control group and 50 for the Experimental group) across many Chinese hospitals, with patients undergoing rehabilitation for benign tumors. The research employed SPSS analytical software, focusing on four key variables, including mental resilience, family emotional support, physical recuperation, and psychological wellness. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to examine mental resilience, while the Family Support Scale was used to assess emotional support in the family. Physical recuperation was assessed using medical records and rehabilitation progress reports. The findings show substantial correlations between significant levels of mental resilience and higher physical recovery as well as psychological well-being. Similarly, significant family emotional support has been related to better physical and psychological outcomes. A regression analysis revealed that mental resilience and family emotional support collectively account for a significant portion of the variation in physical recovery and psychological well-being among patients. The outcomes affirms that psychological resilience and family emotional support contribute to the rehabilitation of benign tumor patients in China.
Experience in the Prevention and Avoidance of Corruption in the Sphere of State and Municipal Procurement in the Sverdlovsk Region
Authors: Shiraliev I. S.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To analyze the experience of prevention and avoidance of corruption offenses in the sphere of state and municipal procurement in the Russian Federation on the example of the Sverdlovsk Oblast.

Methodology. Analytical and descriptive methods were used to collect information for the study. In particular, data on purchases organized by municipal authorities of the Sverdlovsk Oblast, as well as certificates of income of civil servants were analyzed. The experience of prevention of corruption offenses in the Sverdlovsk Oblast was also described: anti-corruption education, monitoring of procurement documents, connection to the Poseidon anti-corruption information system.

Results. Empirical confirmation of the hypothesis about the need for comprehensive work to prevent corruption in public authorities was obtained on the material of the Sverdlovsk Oblast.

Research implications. The results obtained can be used in planning practical actions to counteract corruption in the regions of the Russian Federation and in further theoretical research of the issue.
Frequency of Pain Intensity and Factors Affecting It after Cesarean Section Using Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Hoghooghy Alireza , Ghosouri Atefeh , Honarmand Azim , Masaeli Milad , Ahmadnia Fateme
Published: February 2025

Background: Postoperative pain is an important public health issue that affects the sensory and emotional experiences of patients. This study aimed to understand the impact of pain management on patients.
Methods: The present study was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted on women over 18 years of age who underwent cesarean section with spinal anesthesia in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Isfahan.
Results: In this study, 250 women with a Mean age of 31.75 years and a Mean pain intensity of 8.15 participated. Postoperative pain was more common in people without underlying disease and obese people had more pain. Intravenous pain relievers such as pethidine and diclofenac suppositories temporarily reduced the pain intensity.
Conclusion: This study showed that the pain after cesarean section was significantly influenced by the length of the operation, the type of anesthesia, and painkillers, which require strategies to reduce the pain.
Revolutionizing Post Anesthesia Care Unit with Artificial Intelligence: A Narrative Review
Authors: Maroufi Shahnam Sedigh , Sarkhosh Maryam , Movahed Maryam Soleimani , Behmanesh Ali , Ejmalian Azar
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being utilized in Post-Anesthesia Care Units (PACUs) to improve patient monitoring and care. This narrative review explores the current use of AI in PACUs and discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with its implementation and highlights how AI technologies such as predictive analytics, machine learning algorithms, and robotics can enhance patient safety, reduce human error, and improve outcomes in the PACU setting. Overall, this narrative review provides insights into the evolving role of AI in PACUs and offers recommendations for future research and practice in this area.
Large Pneumothorax Associated with Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease
Authors: Dahmardeh Alireza Rahat , Keykha Aliakbar
Published: February 2025

Difficult intubation and mechanical ventilation are common causes of pneumothorax in critically ill patients. Patients with chronic respiratory tract disease are at high risk for pneumothorax caused by positive-pressure mechanical ventilation. A timely diagnosis of pneumothorax is critical as it may evolve into tension pneumothorax. In this case report, we report a patient who has a decreased level of consciousness due to opioid overdose. In the emergency room, she underwent mechanical ventilation and became conscious after a naloxone injection. After extubation, she has extensive subcutaneous emphysema. However, her hemodynamic and respiratory status is normal. The chest CT scan showed a large pneumothorax caused by mechanical ventilation.
Elevated Liver Enzyme after Cardiac Surgery by on Pump Method
Authors: Jabbari Ali , Tabasi Shabnam , Deylami Mansour
Published: February 2025

The Article Abstract is not available.
Spontaneous Extensive Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumothorax, Pneumorrhachis, Pneumoperitoneum and Pneumoretroperitoneum in a Young Man with Covid-19
Authors: Fatehi Behgam , Doluee Morteza Talebi , Moradi Elnaz Vafadar
Published: February 2025

Spontaneous pneumorrhachis and pneumoperitoneum are very rare conditions thatinvolve the presence of air within the spinal canal and peritoneum, respectively, withoutany traumatic or underlying disease. During the Covid-19 pandemic, there have beenreports of spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in some patients with severecases of the virus. Herein, we present a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum,pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumorrhachis,and subcutaneous emphysema in a young male without any past medical history ofpulmonary disease and PCR positive for Covid-19. He complained of mild dyspneawith sudden non-painful facial edema. One possible explanation for SPM in Covid-19patients is the severe inflammation and damage to lung tissue caused by the virus.Also, now that the pandemic is over and the disease is not as severe as it was at thebeginning, unknown aspects of the complications of this disease will appear. Thesecomplications are typically self-limiting and follow a benign clinical course.
Soil fertility assessment in agroforestry farms within community-based forest management areas in Diffun, Quirino, Philippines
Authors: Beltran Devorah Jane B. , Carig Elizabeth T. , Vallesteros Arvin P. , Pablo Paul B.
Published: February 2025

Soil fertility assessment is crucial for sustainable land management, especially in agroforestry areas. This study assessed the soil fertility status of agroforestry farms within community-based forest management sites in Diffun, Quirino, using 120 georeferenced soil samples collected at 15 cm depth. From these, 49 composite soil samples were generated by combining samples within each plot with similar soil type, color, and vegetation. Chemical analyses, conducted at the regional soil laboratory, included parameters such as (%OM), available P, K, Mn, Fe, and soil pH. Results showed varying soil acidity across the sites, with Campamento having the most acidic soil (pH 5.79), followed by Rafael Palma (5.97) and Magsaysay (6.20). Campamento also exhibited the most favorable soil fertility, with 3.10% OM, 12.47 mg/kg phosphorus, and 259.07 mg/kg potassium, aligning with the standards set by Evangelista (1992, as cited by Rodriguez, 2009) and the ASEAN Standards for Soil and Nutrient Management. High potassium levels at Campamento, along with elevated manganese and iron, suggest a complex nutrient dynamic likely influenced by intensive crop production and excessive nitrogen fertilizer use. These findings highlight the need for targeted soil management to optimize nutrient availability and improve plant growth.
Management Prospects and Challenges of Small-scale Commercial Poultry Production in Arsi and East-Showa Zones, Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Tsegaye Dereje , Tamir Berhan , Gebru Getachew
Published: February 2025

Poultry farming primarily targets production of eggs and meat from indigenous or improved chickens. To enhance production of such products, it is indispensable to analyze production practices, identify constraints and take appropriate interventions. The study was conducted to assess management practices and constraints of small-scale commercial poultry farming. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire comprising lists of constraints from 132-layer, 56-pulletand 33-broiler producing farms through interviews with farm managers. The farm managers were asked to rank constraints and then the data was analyzed using Garrett ranking and index ranking techniques. Most farms were established as sole-proprietorship (55.2%), small-and-medium-scale enterprises (37.1%) and cooperatives (7.7%). The mean flock sizes of layer, broiler and pullet farms were 790, 1153and 953 chickens, respectively. The top five constraints of commercial poultry farms were high feed cost, diseases, feed shortage, finance shortageand high chicken cost. Additionally, poor technical skill, market, infrastructure, service qualityand biosecurity scheme and lack of chicken supply were among the limiting factors. Target-full participatory interventions by actors through extension of knowledge and technology to the grass-root level is of paramount importance to address the constraints and ensure productivity.
Designing Primers for Amplification of Coi, Cyt-B, Nd2 and Fib7 in Swiftlet (Aerodramus spp.)
Authors: Quy Tran Ngoc , Hung Chau Huu , Thi Nguyen Pham Anh , Ay Nguyen Van , Men Tran Thanh , Khang Do Tan
Published: February 2025

Background: Edible bird’s nests (EBN) are highly nutritious and valued food for their numerous health benefits. Consequently, their high economic value and increasing global consumption demand for EBN have contributed to a rise in counterfeited food issue. Currently, the common method for identifying the origin of edible bird nests is the DNA barcoding PCR-based technique because of the limitations of morphological identification methods; however, the primers currently used for PCR face specific challenges in amplifying DNA from edible bird nests. Thus, newly designed primers are necessary. Methods: This study aims to redesign primers from the DNA barcode sequences of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I (COI), NADH dehydrogenase subunit II (ND2), cytochrome b (Cyt-b) and the nuclear gene â-fibrinogen intron 7 (Fib7) of Swiftlet belonging to the Aerodramus genus. Result: Four primer pairs AeroCOIf/AeroCOIr, AeroND2f/AeroND2r, AeroCytbf/AeroCytbr Cyt-b gene and AeroFib7f/AeroFib7r were designed successfully amplifying DNA from Aerodramus spp. The resulting amplicon sizes were 157 bp for COI, 150 bp for ND2, 130 bp for Cyt-b and 173 bp for Fib7 with the optimal annealing temperature of 60oC. For the result of the primers sensitivity investigation, the AeroCOIf/AeroCOIr, AeroND2f/AeroND2r, AeroCytbf/AeroCytbr and AeroFib7f/AeroFib7r primers was able to detect DNA concentration at 15´10-4 ng/µL, 15 ng/µL, 15´10-3 ng/µL and 15 ng/µL, respectively. These results demonstrate that these new primers could effectively amplify DNA from EBN belonging to Aerodramus spp.
Inkulturasi Dan Dakwah: Studi Mengenai Penyampaian Ajaran Islam Di Kalangan Mualaf Tionghoa di Masjid Lautze Jakarta [Inculturation and Da'wah: Studies Concerning the Transmission of Islamic Teachings Among Chinese Converts at Lautze Mosque in Jakarta]
Authors: Nur Ratri Okviosa Audhiandra
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini menyelidiki proses inkulturasi budaya, khususnya yang berfokus pada Muslim Tionghoa di Masjid Lautze di Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dinamika unik inkulturasi yang dialami komunitas Muslim Tionghoa di tengah masyarakat mayoritas Muslim Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, termasuk wawancara, observasi partisipan, dananalisis dokumen, penelitian ini menggali berbagai aspek adaptasi budaya, praktik keagamaan, dan interaksi sosial di kalangan Muslim Tionghoa di lingkungan masjid tertentu. Temuan penelitian ini menyoroti berbagai pengalaman strategi dakwah yang dilakukan pendakwah dengan mengkolaborasikan strategi komunikasi budaya Tionghoa dalam mengajarkan ajaran agama Islam. Hambatan yang tercermin berupa kendala identitas yang menghambat Muslim Tionghoa menjalani pembelajaran agama Islam. Mualaf Muslim Tionghoa di Masjid Lautze Jakarta menunjukkan respons positif terhadap komunikasi ajaran Islam oleh para Ustadz Tionghoa. Proses ini tidak hanya meningkatkan pemahaman agama, tetapi juga menciptakan pengalaman keagamaan yang mendalam. Interaksi positif dengan para Ustadz Tionghoa memperkuat keterlibatan aktif dalam kegiatan keagamaan, membentuk identitas keagamaan yang kuat, dan memberikan makna hidup yang berarti.
 
 This research investigates the process of cultural inculturation, specifically focusing on Chinese Muslims at the Lautze Mosque in Jakarta. This research aims to explore the unique dynamics of inculturation experienced by the Chinese Muslim community in Indonesia’s Muslim majority society. Using qualitative methods, including interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, this research explores various aspects of cultural adaptation, religious practices, and social interactions among Chinese Muslims in certain mosque environments. The findings of this research highlight various experiences of da'wah strategies carried out by preachers by collaborating with Chinese cultural communication strategies in teaching Islamic religious teachings. The obstacles that are reflected are identity barriers that prevent Chinese Muslims from studying Islam. Chinese Muslim converts at Mosque Lautze Jakarta show a positive response to the communication of Islamic teachings by Chinese Ustazs. This process not only enhances religious understanding but also creates a profound religious experience. Positive interactions with Chinese Ustazs strengthen active participation in religious activities, shaping a strong religious identity, and providing meaningful life significance.
Preliminary Study of Chitin Extraction from House Crickets (Acheta Domesticus) Through Green Process Using Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) Chlorine Chloride - Urea
Authors: Athirah Febriana Azhar , Umam Hilman Imadul , Nur Fadila Salsabil Intan , Pambudi Teguh , Perdani Meka Saima
Published: February 2025

Insects serve as a sustainable alternative source of chitin compared to crustaceans, due to their advantages in availability, reproductive rates, and resilience to environmental conditions. Chitin is a natural biopolymer widely utilized in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. This study represents a preliminary investigation aimed at evaluating the effects of varying solution ratios and stirring times on the yield of chitin and the degree of acetylation (DA) obtained from insect chitin extraction using a Green Process with Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) composed of Choline Chloride (ChCl) and Urea in a molar ratio of 1:2 (w/w). The extraction process involved varying the solution-to-raw material ratios (1:10, 1:15, 1:20) and stirring times (2, 4, 6 hours). Analysis was performed using FTIR to measure DA, and yield calculations were based on the mass comparison before extraction. The results indicated that the DA values and mass yields were lower than those reported in the literature, likely due to residual impurities and the incomplete removal of DES from the samples. The highest DA value of 78.44% was achieved in the sample with a 1:10 ratio and a stirring time of 6 hours, while several other samples exhibited lower DA values due to ineffective deproteinization. This preliminary study provides an important foundation for further research, emphasizing improvements in extraction and purification methods to enhance the quality of the produce.
Evaluation of Bunsen Reaction Kinetics in Iodine-sulfur Thermochemical Process for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Vakil Nafees Ahmed , Rao Shriniwas A
Published: February 2025

There are many thermochemical processes; one of the potential processes is iodine-sulfur (IS) thermochemical process which involves three reaction steps. Bunsen reaction is the first reaction. Kinetic rate data of Bunsen reaction is essential for design and scale up of I-S process. Experiments have been carried out in stirred glass reactor to determine kinetic rate data for Bunsen reaction. The aim of the work is to evaluate intrinsic kinetic rate constant of Bunsen reaction. Mass transfer coefficient is evaluated experimentally for water-sulfur dioxide system. Stirring speed is varied up to 360rpm to obtain a regime in which mass transfer is independent of absorption rate. Mass transfer coefficients are evaluated in the range of 8.7×10-6 m/s to 1.5×10-5 m/s at different stirring speeds. Mass transfer coefficients obtained experimentally. These coefficients are compared with published literature and found to be in good agreement. Bunsen reaction has been carried out in a stirred glass reactor and obtained reaction kinetic rate constant as 1.8 Second-1. Hatta number and Infinite enhancement factors are calculated from the experimentally obtained kinetic rate constant and mass transfer coefficient and found to be 3.6 and 18 respectively. From the calculated values of Hatta number and Infinite enhancement factors, the regime of chemical reaction is found to be in the fast pseudo first order reaction regime.Keywords: Hydrogen production, iodine-sulfur process, Bunsen reaction, stirred glass reactor, reaction kinetics
The Bioinsecticide of The Essential Oil of Citronella (Cymbopogon citratus) Against Black Ants (Crematogaster sp)
Authors: Wibowo Muhamad Agus , Wahyuni Sri , Ardiningsih Puji , Jayuska Afghani
Published: February 2025

The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus has the potential as a natural bioinsecticide in safe pest control. This research aimed to determine the chemical content and activity of the essential oil of C. citratus from Punggur village, Kubu Raya district, in killing black ants. This research was conducted in two stages: (i) Distillation of citronella oil and its characterization by IR and GC-MS, and (ii) bioinsecticide test of the oil on black ants (Crematogaster sp). The distillation results gave a yield of 0.43%, which contained 47 compounds with 7 main compounds namely beta.-Myrcene (9.98%), iso-geranial (7.25%), linalool (2.04%), geranyl acetate (2 .39%), geranic acid(1.07%), citral (Z)-(14.97%), and citral (E)-(4.71%). Characterization with IR showed that there were absorption wavelengths of 3500 cm-1 (C-OH), 3086 cm-1 (C-H alkenes), 2920 cm-1 (C H alkanes), 2856 cm-1 and 2748 cm-1 (C-H aldehyde), 1716 cm-1 and 1674 cm-1 (C=O). The anti-ant activity test using various concentrations gave an LCM100 value of 1% and an LC50 of 0.016%. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the essential oil of citronella leaves is a bioinsecticide against Crematogaster sp.
Interleukin-6 as an Indicator for Acute Toxicity of DBL2β-PfEMP1 Recombinant protein as a Peptide-based Malaria Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Sari Leny Yulia Widia , Sulistyaningsih Erma , Siswoyo Tri Agus
Published: February 2025

Malaria caused by Plasmodium spp is an important health problem, and vaccination could be essential for disease prevention. One potential protein candidate is the Duffy binding-like 2β (DBL2β)-Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). The protein is responsible for malaria pathogenesis by mediating binding to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a receptor on the host cells. This study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity of the DBL2β-PfEMP1 recombinant protein as a basis for developing a peptide-based malaria vaccine based on body weight and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration. The study used male and female Wistar rats, which were divided into treatment and control groups after two weeks of acclimatization. Rats in the treatment group were injected with 750 µg DBL2β-PfEMP1 recombinant protein, and the control group was injected with NaCl 0.9%. Any indications of clinical toxicity symptoms were closely monitored within 4 hours of injection up to 24 hours. Observations were conducted daily for 14 days and included body weight and toxicity symptoms such as rising fur, tremors, salivation, diarrhea, weakness, draping, excitability, twitching, and death. Blood was collected on days 5, 7, and 14 for IL-6 examination using the ELISA method. Rats were euthanized on day 14. Data were analyzed using an ANOVA test. There was no significant weight loss as well as weight gain and toxicity symptoms during 14 days after treatment in all groups. There was an increase IL-6 levels on day 14 in all groups. However, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference between the control and treatment groups (p>0.05). This study showed that the DBL2β-PfEMP1 recombinant protein has no acute toxicity in Wistar rats, implying its safety and potential as a peptide-based malaria vaccine.
Karakteristik Pengguna Ruang Publik Terbuka Di Kota Jambi (Studi Kasus : Taman Jomblo, Taman Arena Remaja, Taman Kongkow, dan Taman PKK The Hok)
Authors: Dhoifullah Ahmad , Sunarharum Tri Mulyani
Published: February 2025

Ruang publik sebagai tempat dimana masyarakat dapat melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari atau bersifat temporal yang dapat mengikat suatu kelompok atau aktivitas sampingan lain yang secara fungsional berkaitan dengan publik. Dalam sebuah kota, layanan ruang publik yang berkualitas adalah layanan yang mampu mengakomodir kebutuhan masyarakat sekaligus memberikan kenyamanan. Mengingat hal tersebut, sangat penting untuk melakukan studi untuk meneliti karakteristik pengguna yang akan menjadi panduan bagi para perancang untuk menciptakan dan mengelola ruang publik yang sesuai dengan perilaku penduduk kota, sehingga dapat menghidupkan kembali ruang publik yang inklusif sebagai komponen penting kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mix method, yang menggabungkan teknik penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini, sebanyak 320 responden tersebar di 4 (empat) ruang publik yaitu Taman Jomblo, Taman Arena Remaja, Taman Kongkow, dan PKK The Hok. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ruang publik tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan oleh seluruh gender dengan mayoritas memiliki tingkat pendidikan terakhir SMA dan perguruan tinggi yang juga secara langsung berhubungan dengan usia penggunanya. Pengunjung pada keempat taman memanfaatkan ruang terbuka tersebut untuk berkumpul bersama dan untuk beristirahat sejenak. Banyak pengunjung yang datang untuk pada sore hari untuk berkumpul bersama karena lokasi yang mudah diakses dan ditemukan dengan lama aktivitas rata-rata selama 31-60 menit.
The shape of the prison sentence on Polish lands from the 15th century until the fall of the Duchy of Warsaw
Authors: Kalisz Tomasz
Published: February 2025

Former Polish law, in terms of broadly understood prison sentences, provided for several significantly different forms of isolation. These differences were a consequence of the entities to which they could be applied, the method of execution, and the consequences of application (disgraceful or non-disgraceful measure). The place where it was performed also varied—it could be dungeons, fortresses, castles, monasteries, prisons, inns rented for this purpose, or the convict’s own home. The penalty of imprisonment, becoming a sanction, clearly accelerated the change from the medieval system of executing penalties, based on corporal punishment, towards modern penal systems, based on isolation, as an independent and dominant penal sanction.
Therapy for persons deprived of liberty in Poland: Insights from statistical data
Authors: Kwieciński Adam , Polak-Kruszyk Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

In this article, data concerning the therapeutic system of imprisonment in Poland for the years 1999–2023 is analysed. Changes in the prison population and the number of convicts within the therapeutic system are presented, taking into account different categories of convicts, types of penitentiaries, and whether the therapy was conducted within or outside specialized therapeutic wards. The analysis begins with data from 1999, the first full year of the new Polish Executive Penal Code, which established the therapeutic system as a separate method of serving the penalty of deprivation of liberty (alongside the regular system and programme system). The aim of this publication is to present the evolution of the therapy of persons deprived of liberty in Poland over the past 25 years, focusing on quantitative, structural, and organizational aspects. This paper highlights the most important aspects of the therapeutic system in Poland, which have been documented in official statistical publications.
Remarks on alternative solutions to punishment in petty offences law
Authors: Liżyńska Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

Given the need for the state to respond to low-level acts such as petty offences, there is still a noticeable search for an optimal model of punishment for these acts. It is known that penal means of punishment do not always fulfil their purpose. Therefore, the petty offences law, which is closer to the principle of opportunism, apart from the inconvenience of penal solutions towards the perpetrator of the offence, assumes the possibility of applying non-penal measures in the form of educational influence measures. The article presents the essence of the measures included in Article 41 of the Code of Petty Offences and draws attention to the legislative imperfections in this respect and many interpellation- related doubts. The analysis of educational measures indicates that they could play an important role in changing the hierarchy of the model of punishment for offences. However, it is necessary for the legislator to consider changes, including those indicated in this study, in order to prioritize this form of punishment for minor prohibited acts in the form of petty offences.
Grounds for suspending the execution of a sentence under Article 15 of the Executive Penal Code: Selected issues and case law
Authors: Sitnik-Gawlikowska Katarzyna , Mrozek Kamila
Published: February 2025

This article addresses the issue of the grounds for suspending the execution of a sentence pursuant to Article 15 of the Executive Penal Code, taking into account selected issues of doctrine and case law. It is a contribution to a deeper analysis of the institution of suspending the execution of a sentence.
Long-term impact of corticosteroid therapy on adult height in juvenile myasthenia gravis patients: a retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Tan Ying , Xie Qiucheng , Huang Yangyu , Yan Jingwen , Shi Jiayu , Li Mei , Zhang Yu , Guan Yuzhou , Jing Yun
Published: February 2025

Aim: This study aims to assess the final adult height of patients with juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG) who received glucocorticoid treatment during childhood.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at two neurology centers in Beijing, China, including patients diagnosed with JMG between March 2006 and April 2022. Participants were stratified into two groups: those receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy (≥ 6 months) and those without such treatment. Further subgroup analysis was performed based on treatment timing (prepubertal vs . postpubertal). Mean differences in adult height were calculated, and binary logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between treatment variables and growth outcomes.

Results: Of 120 diagnosed JMG patients, 47 who reached adult height were analyzed. Adult height in the long-term steroid group (168.64 ± 7.58 cm) did not significantly differ from the control group (171.45 ± 9.58 cm) (P = 0.26). A negative correlation was observed between the age at steroid initiation and the final-predicted height difference (r = 0.23, P = 0.04), and between steroid duration and adult height (r = -3.11, P = 0.04). Prepubertal steroid initiation was associated with a significant negative final-predicted height difference (Z = -2.12, P = 0.03) and a higher likelihood of failing to achieve predicted height (χ2 = 6.18, P = 0.03). Prepubertal steroid use emerged as an independent risk factor for not attaining predicted height (OR = 11.07, 95%CI: 1.24-99.15, P = 0.03).

Conclusion: In JMG patients, steroid treatment after puberty appears to have a relatively smaller impact on adult final height compared to treatment before puberty.
Israeli academia during the genocide: supporting the state through words and silences
Authors: Panchal Vidit
Published: February 2025

In the one year that I spent in Israel as a student of public health from October 2023 to September 2024, I was stunned and disappointed by the ignorance and inaction of the academic institutions towards a state-sponsored genocide as the violence in Gaza escalated incredibly. Based on personal experiences and published information, this reflection attempts to show the Israeli academia’s failure to provide an objective critique of the state’s action while contributing to the suppression of dissenting voices, thereby failing to uphold ethical responsibilities.