bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Gestión Empresarial en la post pandemia: caso Latinoamérica
Authors: Montenegro Cueva Efrén Gonzalo , Chaluisa Chaluisa Sonia Fabiola
Published: May 2022

Esta investigación se orienta al análisis de la gestión empresarial en la post pandemia en el contexto de Latinoamérica, utilizando un enfoque mixto, bajo un método hermenéutico e interpretativo. En primera instancia se realizó un estudio del entorno económico y social en el que se desenvuelven actualmente las organizaciones latinoamericanas, luego se describió los factores más importantes que aportaron a la gestión empresarial en los escenarios de pandemia y postpandemia, para esa manera generar un espacio de reflexión en donde se pudo establecer que la COVID-19 tuvo un impacto catastrófico en la región, agravando la pobreza y el desempleo, como consecuencia directa de las debilidades estructurales acumuladas por décadas. De igual manera se ha podido identificar oportunidades de recuperación de acuerdo a la “maleabilidad” e “intensidad de capital” de los sectores, y finalmente se evidencia el apoyo de los gobiernos en distintos niveles y el acompañamiento de organismos internacionales, principalmente al sector de las MIPYMES, favoreciendo a su supervivencia y reactivación.
FULL MOUTH REHABILITATION OF DILAPIDATED DENTITION DUE TO AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA- A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Hasanamba Dental College &, Sebastian Ashmi ,   Hospital, Vidyanagar, Hassan, Sundararajan Anantha Narayanan , Patil Sanjayagouda , Vengalath Amith
Published: May 2022

Amelogenesis imperfecta is a congenital disor¬der which affects deposition, calcification and/or maturation of dental enamel. This genetic disorder affects teeth in both deciduous and succedaneous dentition leading to functional as well as esthetic in adequacies. This condition exerts radical reper¬cussions on stomatognathicsyste mandintangible effects on the confidence of the patient. This clinical report elaborates on the multidisciplinary approach adopted for full mouth rehabilitation of a dentition affected by this genetic disorder in young adult patient. The treatment plan aimed at upheaving esthetics, restoring the vertical dimension and re¬instating the masticatory function. Pankey–Mann– Schuyler philosophy of full mouth rehabilitation was adhered to achieve these treatment objectives. Full mouth rehabilitation albeit restoring esthetics and functional so imparts a substantial positive psychological upliftment and therefore revamps the patient confidence.
PENGARUH ONLINE REVIEW TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENGINAP DI JEJARING HOTEL LOKAL TERBESAR DI INDONESIA SANTIKA GRUP
Authors: Sofiani Sofiani
Published: May 2022

The high internet usage in the country of Indonesia has made very significant changes in many ways, one of the very big changes in the habits of the Indonesian people who initially used booking activities more directly but now turn to using online ordering methods. This can benefit customers by making choices at online hotels on the internet. By developing it further, changing the pattern of hotel bookings today makes guests more careful in making reservations, guests can check the ratings of the hotel they will visit by just looking at the comments listed on the online review comments page of the online travel agent. The comments listed are made by previous guests who have enjoyed staying at this hotel so it is not uncommon that the comments listed determine the outcome of the stay decision. The study was conducted to analyze the interaction of its review dimensions, namely: the usefulness of online reviews, expertise reviews, timeliness of online reviews, online review volumes, online review valence (positive and negative), and completeness of online reviews on the decision to stay at the local Santika hotel Groups . The research method used is to discuss hypotheses developed based on related theories. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study found: The positive benefits of each dimension of useful online reviews, the expertise of reviewers, the timeliness of online reviews, positive online reviews, and the completeness of online reviews for stay results. There is a negative effect of online reviews on stay decisions, but there is no effect of online review volume on stay decisions.

 

Keywords: Online review, Online Booking, Stay decision
Produção de Material Didático Adaptado a Alunos com Deficiência Visual para Curso de Computação
Authors: Geraldes Wendell Bento , Andrade Agenor Freitas de , Afonseca Ulisses Rodrigues , Lima Cícero Batista dos Santos , Riclizek Raquel Ribeiro
Published: May 2022

Em 2020, uma pandemia de COVID19 forçou as instituições de ensino públicas e privadas a interromperem suas atividades presenciais. O ensino remoto foi adotado pelas escolas e universidades como forma de amenizar os efeitos do distanciamento social. Diversos recursos tecnológicos digitais foram utilizados na tarefa de ensinar durante este período, no entanto, em alguns casos, os estudantes com algum tipo de deficiência foram colocados nas plataformas virtuais de aprendizagem sem o devido cuidado dos professores com a adaptação do material disponibilizado para o aprendizado das disciplinas. Esta realidade foi constatada através do contato de um aluno cego do curso de Bacharelado em Ciências da Computação na Universidade Federal de Goiás com pesquisadores do Instituto Federal de Goiás campus Luziânia (IFG). Ele buscava apoio para conseguir material adaptado específico das disciplinas de seu curso. Essa demanda fez com que os pesquisadores do IFG elaborassem um projeto de pesquisa voltado para a produção de material adaptado a alunos com deficiência visual específico para cursos de computação.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/OfzPVVIoDOc
Pensamento computacional: abstração, requisitos operacionais e paradigmas de programação
Authors: Ferreira Ana Paula Lüdtke
Published: May 2022

O termo "pensamento computacional" é um marco da discussão atual sobre educação em Computação e educação voltada à solução de problemas. Foco de muitos trabalhos, com frequência os conceitos aparecem dissociados de seus procedimentos operacionais e formas de avaliação, imprescindíveis para verificação da efetividade dos resultados. Este trabalho visa fomentar uma discussão sobre as relações entre as habilidades do pensamento computacional e os diferentes paradigmas de programação.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/Qxv8efb_48g
Conexões entre o Pensamento Computacional e o Pensamento Algébrico em Design de Jogos na Plataforma Scratch para o Ensino da Matemática nos Anos Finais da Educação Básica
Authors: Silva Jairo Rodrigues da , Pontual Falcão Taciana
Published: May 2022

No cenário educacional atual, existem resistências por parte dos alunos em relação à matemática. Então, se faz necessário a introdução de formas de ensino diferentes do ensino tradicional. Na presente investigação, o objetivo é buscar desenvolver uma estratégia didático-pedagógica lúdica para o desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico (PA) a partir do pensamento computacional (PC). Para isso, propõe-se o SCRATCH-CALC, um ambiente baseado na plataforma de programação em blocos Scratch, no qual os alunos poderão criar seus projetos com jogos e ao mesmo tempo desenvolver contextos com PC e PA na resolução de problemas.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/vzBEVwnO_T4
Revelando Competências no PBL Aplicado ao Ensino de Computação: Uma Solução Baseada em IA para Alinhamento Construtivo entre Objetivos Educacionais e Feedbacks dos Estudantes
Authors: Maia Davi José Mendes , Santos Simone Cristiane dos
Published: May 2022

Existe uma demanda crescente por modelos de ensino que ultrapassem o ensino baseado em conhecimento. Nesse sentido, surge a educação baseada em competências que envolve o desenvolvimento destas nos alunos sob a ótica de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes. Considerando esse modelo, é necessário acompanhar tais atributos de forma que se possa verificar o alcance destes pelos alunos. Em geral, esse acompanhamento é realizado a partir de feedbacks dos alunos e exige muito esforço. Nesse contexto, processar feedbacks envolve dificuldades relacionadas ao esforço, a carga de trabalho e ao tempo gasto para a efetivação de melhorias. Assim, esta pesquisa propõe a criação e aplicação de uma solução de processamento de feedbacks subjetivos baseada em IA, que auxiliará o professor a realizar o acompanhamento de competências. O método Design Science Research foi adotado para construção da solução, enquanto que sua avaliação será realizada por meio de grupo focal e entrevistas com especialistas.
Colaboração em Grupos de Investidores em Aplicativos de Mensagens Instantâneas
Authors: Gargano Leonardo , Vivacqua Adriana
Published: May 2022

Com o aumento de investidores pessoas físicas na bolsa de valores brasileira (B3) a busca por informações e indicações de investimentos aumentaram. Os aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas são uma ferramenta de grande ajuda para esses investidores. O Objetivo geral do presente trabalho é investigar como ocorre a colaboração entre os grupos de investidores em aplicativos de mensagens.
Uma plataforma gamificada de desafios baseados em worked examples extraídos de projetos de Software Livre para o ensino de Engenharia de Software
Authors: Tonhão Simone de França , Silva Williamson , Colanzi Thelma , Steinmacher Igor
Published: May 2022

Encontrar exemplos reais e que acompanhem a evolução da Engenharia de Software (ES) não é uma tarefa fácil para os professores da área. Os projetos de Software Livre (SL) têm sido uma alternativa no apoio ao ensino de ES, visto que, podem proporcionar contato com ambientes reais e são potenciais fontes para extração de worked examples. Além disso, a pandemia do COVID-19 trouxe um novo desafio: como manter os estudantes engajados no modo de ensino remoto. Esse desafio poderá perdurar além da pandemia, uma vez que o ensino híbrido é uma aposta para o período pós-pandemia. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é apoiar docentes e discentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, em momentos assíncronos das disciplinas de ES, por meio da proposição, avaliação e evolução de uma plataforma gamificada de desafios baseados em worked examples reais extraídos de projetos de Software Livre. Para alcançar esse propósito será guiada pela abordagem de pesquisa Design Science Research (DSR). Como resultado, pretende-se obter uma plataforma gamificada de desafios, e por meio dela investigar os impactos da adoção de worked examples extraídos de projetos de SL em ambientes assíncronos, e compreender como a gamificação de tais exemplos pode influenciar em aspectos motivacionais e de engajamento dos estudantes.
Science, Part I: Basic Conceptions of Science and the Scientific Method
Authors: Hjørland Birger
Published: May 2022

This article is the first in a trilogy about the concept “science”. Section 1 considers the historical development of the meaning of the term science and shows its close relation to the terms “knowl­edge” and “philosophy”. Section 2 presents four historic phases in the basic conceptualizations of science (1) science as representing absolute certain of knowl­edge based on deductive proof; (2) science as representing absolute certain of knowl­edge based on “the scientific method”; (3) science as representing fallible knowl­edge based on “the scientific method”; (4) science without a belief in “the scientific method” as constitutive, hence the question about the nature of science becomes dramatic. Section 3 presents four basic understandings of the scientific method: Rationalism, which gives priority to a priori thinking; empiricism, which gives priority to the collection, description, and processing of data in a neutral way; historicism, which gives priority to the interpretation of data in the light of “paradigm” and pragmatism, which emphasizes the analysis of the purposes, consequences, and the interests of knowl­edge. The second article in the trilogy focus on different fields studying science, while the final article presets further developments in the concept of science and the general conclusion. Overall, the trilogy illuminates the most important tensions in different conceptualizations of science and argues for the role of information science and knowl­edge organization in the study of science and suggests how “science” should be understood as an object of research in these fields.
Science Mapping and Science Maps
Authors: Petrovich Eugenio
Published: May 2022

Science maps are visual representations of the structure and dynamics of scholarly knowl­edge. They aim to show how fields, disciplines, journals, scientists, publications, and scientific terms relate to each other. Science mapping is the body of methods and techniques that have been developed for generating science maps. This entry is an introduction to science maps and science mapping. It focuses on the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological issues of science mapping, rather than on the mathematical formulation of science mapping techniques. After a brief history of science mapping, we describe the general procedure for building a science map, presenting the data sources and the methods to select, clean, and pre-process the data. Next, we examine in detail how the most common types of science maps, namely the citation-based and the term-based, are generated. Both are based on networks: the former on the network of publications connected by citations, the latter on the network of terms co-occurring in publications. We review the rationale behind these mapping approaches, as well as the techniques and methods to build the maps (from the extraction of the network to the visualization and enrichment of the map). We also present less-common types of science maps, including co-authorship networks, interlocking editorship networks, maps based on patents’ data, and geographic maps of science. Moreover, we consider how time can be represented in science maps to investigate the dynamics of science. We also discuss some epistemological and sociological topics that can help in the interpretation, contextualization, and assessment of science maps. Then, we present some possible applications of science maps in science policy. In the conclusion, we point out why science mapping may be interesting for all the branches of meta-science, from knowl­edge organization to epistemology.
Der Rathenaumord und die deutsche Gegenrevolution
Authors: Sabrow Martin
Published: May 2022

100 Jahre nach dem Mord an Walther Rathenau – Die Hintergründe des rechten Terrors gegen die erste deutsche Republik.

Am 24. Juni 1922 wurde Walther Rathenau, Reichsaußenminister der Weimarer Republik, auf offener Straße erschossen. Kein anderes Ereignis hat die Republik von Weimar stärker erschüttert als die Serie von Anschlägen von 1921 / 1922, die gegen Rathenau und den früheren Reichsfinanzminister

Matthias Erzberger, gegen den ersten deutschen Ministerpräsidenten Philipp Scheidemann und schließlich auch gegen den Publizisten Maximilian Harden verübt wurden.

Martin Sabrow geht der Frage nach: Waren die Attentate aufgehetzten Einzeltätern zuzuschreiben, oder steckte hinter ihnen das organisierte Mordkomplott eines Geheimbundes? Der schon von den Zeitgenossen verdächtigten Organisation »Consul« konnte (oder wollte) die deutsche Justiz keine Schuld nachweisen. Und doch hatte sie offensichtlich alle Fäden in der Hand gehabt.

Der Autor deckt die Geschehnisse von damals auf. Er weist die bewusste Rechtsbeugung der konservativ denkenden Justiz nach und erklärt, warum das Ziel der Attentatsserie in der Öffentlichkeit nie vollständig bekannt werden konnte: Sie sollte der geheimgehaltene Auftakt zur deutschen Gegenrevolution werden.
Mobile learning studies conducted in certain schools in South Africa from 2005 to 2015: a review study
Authors: Chaka Chaka
Published: May 2022

Mobile learning studies have been conducted at a secondary school level in South Africa. In particular, most of these studies have been carried out as one-off trials or experiments in one or more schools, on a short-term basis. However, there have not yet been studies that harness and review mobile learning projects undertaken at a secondary school level. To this end, the current study reviewed mobile learning projects conducted at secondary schools in South Africa between 2005 and 2015 which are published in DHET-accredited academic journals. It reviewed such projects by employing eligibility criteria meant to include qualifying journal articles and by synthesising key areas such as educational context, subject domain, research design, sample groups, data sources and summary of findings. The study reveals that three areas, English L1, English L2 and mathematics constituted the primary focal areas of the reviewed studies.
Where do we belong: An exploration of individuals' identity issues within temporary organizations
Authors: Chandna Vallari
Published: May 2022

Temporary organizations take on numerous forms and can be found within and across traditional organizational forms. With the rise of remote work, born-global organizations and collaborative work, temporary organizations are becoming more prevalent. They are playing critical roles in a host of situations and organizational leaders need to better understand the phenomena so as to be able to navigate and utilize them correctly. In this paper, a conceptual model intended to understand how temporary organizations partially embedded in multiple parent organizations are being faced with unique identity issues is proposed. The individuals involved with such boundary spanning temporary organizations have identity issues due to their multiple identities being at odds with each other. Using the theories of temporary organizational forms and the social identity, the given conceptual framework shows that the dilemmas related to multiple identities can be resolved by: buffering and ordering identities, self-selecting into temporary organizational forms, and acknowledging such multiple identities and allowing them to simultaneously be salient. Additionally, the consequences of a lack of resolution are explored, including reduced group cohesion, lower performance and the unethical behavior on the part of the pro-parent organization.
Determinants of abnormal audit fees in international financial reporting standards-based financial statements
Authors: Emife Monye-Emina , Jeroh Edirin
Published: May 2022

This study essentially examines the audit effort as a possible determinant of the abnormal audit fees evinced in International Financial Reporting Standards-based financial statements. Therefore, the secondary data were sourced from the audited annual reports and the relevant financial statements of the Nigerian listed banks for the period of observation (2010-2019). An analysis was performed using the relevant techniques that include descriptive statistics, the correlation matrix and panel regression. The findings showed that the IFRS, the client complexity (CPX) and the client size (SIZ) were negatively correlated with abnormal audit fees (ABFEE), whereas joint audit (JAD) recorded a positive correlation with such abnormal audit fees. Lucidly, joint audit showed a stronger relationship with abnormal audit fees, whereas the client size showed a significant, but negative relationship with abnormal audit fees. Similarly, the fact that, with a probability value 0.9494, the relationship between ABFEE and the client complexity was not significant was noticed. Given these research outcomes, it can be concluded that abnormal audit fees are primarily motivated by extra or unexplained audit efforts and the costs associated with them. It is, therefore, recommended that, proportionately with the service(s) rendered, accounting professional bodies should review, harmonize and tactically institute a limit for professional charges through the enforcement of regulated benchmarks for audit fees payable by clients.
Brand quality, consumption emotions, and a decision to purchase washing machines
Authors: Rita Inoni , Okorie Chiyem
Published: May 2022

The largest number of studies on the determinants of the consumer's decision to purchase washing machines have explored the influence of the price, the product quality, the perceived value and related constructs without the effects made by consumption emotions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of brand quality, consumption emotions and socioeconomic factors on the consumer's decision to purchase washing machines in Nigeria's Delta State. The data used in the study were obtained from a cross-section of 385 consumers drawn from Asaba, Sapele and Warri, the three most populous towns in Delta State. The results show that brand quality, consumption emotions and socioeconomic variables, such as the household size, the education level and income are the significant determinants of a decision to purchase washing machines in the study area. The significance of emotions as predictors of a purchase decision underscores the need for manufacturers of electrical home appliances to ensure that the design and functionality of their products elicit the positive emotions that will foster customers' attachment and loyalty to a brand in order for the manufacturers to maximize their revenue and sustain a profit.
Reexamining Phillips curve: An empirical analysis from Structural Vector Autoregression
Authors: Sasongko Gatot , Yolanda Martha , Huruta Andrian , Kim Min-Sun
Published: May 2022

In the literature, the existence of the Phillips curve in every country has been extensively explored. The goal of this research is to investigate the inflation-unemployment trade-off in Indonesia. We used secondary data for 1977 through 2019 from the World Bank for analysis. The Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) results revealed a negative connection between unemployment and inflation. There is a one-way relationship between unemployment and inflation in particular. We discovered several factors that influence unemployment. Those factors include working population over 15 years old according to the primary employment (both field and status) and Gross Domestic Product at constant prices according to expenditures.
Seam pressing performance
Authors: Demboski Goran , Jankoska Maja
Published: May 2022

In garment manufacturing, pressing is one of the latest stages of production. The purpose of the pressing is to achieve a smooth appearance of the shell fabric and flat and smooth seams. A group of woven fabrics with of fiber composition 100% cotton, cotton/Lycra, 100% wool and blended wool/PES for production of men's shirt and tailored garments were tested for seam pressing performance on a FAST 4 press test. The relationship of the seam crease angle after pressing with the fabric fiber composition and fabric weight and end use. The substantial difference between fabric end use and seam pressing performance was analyzed. The fabrics of Wool/PES fabric composition have shown best seam crease performance out of all fabrics for tailored garments. Cotton/Lycra fabrics have shown superior seam pressing performance compared to 100% cotton fabric for men's shirt.
Case Studies in Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management: Anonymous Consumer Goods Company
Authors: Boyens Jon M. , Paulsen Celia , Bartol Nadya , Winkler Kris , Gimbi James
Published: May 2022

The Case Studies in Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management series engaged with several companies that are leaders in managing cyber supply chain risk. These case studies build on the Best Practices in Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management case studies originally published in 2015 with the goals of covering new organizations in new industries and bringing to light any changes in cyber supply chain risk management practices. This case study is for a consumer goods company
Agile robotic planning with Gwendolen
Authors: Michaloski John , Schlenoff Craig , Cardoso Rafael C , Fisher Michael
Published: May 2022

The future of robotics foresees autonomous behavior that can complete tasks intelligently, with a focus on adaptability, flexibility, and versatility. In such systems, it is critical for robots to quickly and safely perform an operation. However, such aptitude is not limited to the speed of solving tasks, but also requires other qualities such as adeptly detecting and recovering from task irregularities, overcoming unforeseen task barriers by replanning to achieve stated goals, and adroitly adapting to dynamic environments such as changing light illumination, noisy sensors, or unexpected conditions. These intelligent characteristics define robot agility (not to be confused with robot agility akin to dexterity), and refer to approaches that allow robotic systems to be flexible and capable of re-tasking in the face of a changing and often unpredictable environment. Because robot task agility requires sophisticated dynamic and continuous planning and replanning, the Gwendolen intelligent agent programming language is studied as a high-level robot planner. In this report, we develop a manufacturing kitting case study to research the operation of Gwendolen planning. The case study uses the combination of Gwendolen, Canonical Robot Command Language (CRCL), Robot Operating System (ROS), and Gazebo software components to simulate and evaluate robot planning. Several Agile Robotics for Industrial Applications Competition (ARIAC) kitting agility challenges are used to evaluate Gwendolen planning under various levels of operational duress. Both the benefits and shortcomings will be reviewed.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE ISO 9001 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Magodi Aluwani Yvonne , Daniyan Ilesmni Afolabi , Mpofu Khumbulani
Published: May 2022

The implementation of quality management systems (QMS) is central to the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). At present, there is a lack of information about the level of adoption and implementation of QMS by SMEs in Gauteng Province, even though that province has the highest number of SMEs in South Africa (SA). This study therefore aims to investigate the effect of the ISO 9001 QMS on SMEs in Gauteng. Quantitative research was conducted, and an online survey was used to collect data. An inferential statistical data analysis involving the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the collected data. The chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests were applied to validate the statistical significance of four hypotheses. The inferential analysis showed that there is a relationship between ISO 9001 implementation and SMEs’ sustainability, as well as a direct relationship between the implementation of ISO 9001 and the performance, growth, and life span of SMEs in Gauteng Province. In addition, the results indicated that 64 per cent of the surveyed SMEs are aware ISO 9001, while 36 per cent of SMEs were not aware of QMS. The survey indicated that SMEs face several challenges, such as the ineffective implementation of QMS, poor funding, a low level of human capacity development, a lack of adequate resources, poor working environment, and poor work organisation, a lack of necessary materials, and the use of inappropriate work methods. It is envisaged that, if a culture of QMS were to be adopted and implemented by SMEs, there would probably be an improvement in operational efficiency, leading to improved customer satisfaction and increased turnover and profitability. Keywords ISO 9001; LMS; QMS; SME; Sustainability
q-Fibonacci bicomplex and q-Lucas bicomplex numbers
Authors:   Yildiz Technical University, Torunbalcı Aydın Fügen
Published: May 2022

In the paper, we define the q-Fibonacci bicomplex numbers and the q-Lucas bicomplex numbers, respectively. Then, we give some algebraic properties of the q-Fibonacci bicomplex numbers and the q-Lucas bicomplex numbers.
Evaluation of feature projection techniques in object grasp classification using electromyogram signals from different limb positions
Authors: Thiamchoo Nantarika , Phukpattaranont Pornchai
Published: May 2022

A myoelectric prosthesis is manipulated using electromyogram (EMG) signals from the existing muscles for performing the activities of daily living. A feature vector that is formed by concatenating data from many EMG channels may result in a high dimensional space, which may cause prolonged computation time, redundancy, and irrelevant information. We evaluated feature projection techniques, namely principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), and spectral regression extreme learning machine (SRELM), applied to object grasp classification. These represent feature projections that are combinations of either linear or nonlinear, and supervised or unsupervised types. All pairs of the four types of feature projection with seven types of classifiers were evaluated, with data from six EMG channels and an IMU sensors for nine upper limb positions in the transverse plane. The results showed that SRELM outperformed LDA with supervised feature projections, and t-SNE was superior to PCA with unsupervised feature projections. The classification errors from SRELM and t-SNE paired with the seven classifiers were from 1.50% to 2.65% and from 1.27% to 17.15%, respectively. A one-way ANOVA test revealed no statistically significant difference by classifier type when using the SRELM projection, which is a nonlinear supervised feature projection (p = 0.334). On the other hand, we have to carefully select an appropriate classifier for use with t-SNE, which is a nonlinear unsupervised feature projection. We achieved the lowest classification error 1.27% using t-SNE paired with a k-nearest neighbors classifier. For SRELM, the lowest 1.50% classification error was obtained when paired with a neural network classifier.
Excessive alcohol consumption and binge drinking in college students
Authors: Herrero-Montes Manuel , Alonso-Blanco Cristina , Paz-Zulueta María , Pellico-López Amada , Ruiz-Azcona Laura , Sarabia-Cobo Carmen , Boixadera-Planas Ester , Parás-Bravo Paula
Published: May 2022

Background

Binge drinking (BD) refers to a pattern of alcohol consumption characterized by the consumption of large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time followed by periods of abstinence. This drinking pattern is prevalent worldwide, mainly among young people. Excessive alcohol consumption is the spectrum of consumption patterns that may have or have had health consequences, and includes the concepts of risky alcohol use, harmful alcohol use and alcohol dependence according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), the latter two are currently grouped into alcohol use disorder (AUD) according to the fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5). Due to the high prevalence of BD among young people, especially university students, as well as the important consequences of its practice, a study was conducted to evaluate excessive alcohol consumption and its relationship with the practice of BD in university students.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (aged 18–30 years) enrolled in the academic year 2018–2019 at the Faculty of Nursing at a university in northern Spain. Data collection included sociodemographic information, and alcohol use information, collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. To measure the excessive alcohol consumption, this study used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).

Results

A total of 142 participants were included, of which 88.03% were women. Up to 38.03% were classified as BD. Up to 14.77% of non-BD participants and 66.67% of BD participants were classified as risky drinkers (AUDIT Total geq 8 in men or geq 6 in women) (p < 0.001). Up to 3.41% of the non-BD and 24.07% of the BD were drinkers with harmful alcohol use and probable alcohol dependence (AUDIT Total geq 13) (p < 0.001). A total of 5.68% of non-BD and 42.59% of BD were AUD drinkers (AUDIT Total geq 9 in males or geq 8 in females) (p < 0.001). In addition, statistically significant differences were found between the BD and non-BD groups in the responses to each of the AUDIT items, as well as in the total score and also in the scores of the three domains of the questionnaire.

Conclusions

Excessive alcohol consumption is frequent among university students, especially among those who practice BD.
English major education in China: a chronological analysis
Authors:   Nankai University (China), Li Min , Hu Xuhui ,   Peking University (China)
Published: May 2022

This paper offers an overview over the development of China’s English major in higher educational institutions since 1977 in different stages: the restoration period (1977-1986), developing period (1987-1997), prosperity period (1998-2009), and adjustment period (2010-present). The problems and controversy over this major are also introduced and analysed. Overall, this paper aims to inform readers of the recent history and current situation of the English major in Chinese universities, which might also shed light on the studies of the language related programs in universities in general.
Differential codon usage: a safeguard against inappropriate expression of specialized genes?
Authors: Saier Milton H
Published: July 2002

Recent work has suggested that rare codons are sometimes used for the regulation of specialized gene expression in bacteria. Moreover, the cellular levels of certain tRNAs may fluctuate with growth conditions. Evidence implicating such mechanisms in the control of photosynthesis in Rhodobacter, solventogenesis in Clostridium, sporulation in Streptomyces, and fimbrial phase variation in E. coli is summarized. It is suggested that such mechanisms will prove applicable to the control of numerous additional specialized functions, and that the empirical tools for testing this possibility are currently available.
Phase Fluorometric Optical Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor for Fermentation Off‐Gas Monitoring
Authors: Sipior Jeffrey , Randers‐Eichhorn Lisa , Lakowicz Joseph R. , Carter Gary M. , Rao Govind
Published: July 2002

We demonstrated an optical carbon dioxide gas sensor suitable for replacement of gas chromatographs and mass spectrometers for the measurement of carbon dioxide in the off‐gas of a bioreactor for fermentation and cell culture applications. The sensor is based upon the change in lifetime of a donor fluorophore, sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), induced by fluorescence resonance energy transfer to a pH‐sensitive, nonfluorescent acceptor, m‐cresol purple (MCP). Carbon dioxide diffusing into the sensor produces carbonic acid, changing the absorbance spectrum of the MCP, and thus its spectral overlap with the SR101, changing its lifetime. This lifetime change was measured in the frequency, rather than the time domain, as a change in the phase angle of the fluorescence relative to the modulated excitation light. The sensor was calibrated by correlating the phase response to carbon dioxide concentrations. The calibration remained valid over the life of the sensor, which has been shown to be greater than 2 weeks. The sensor was most sensitive at low CO2 concentrations and responded to concentration changes in seconds. The sensor film is very inexpensive to produce and the light source is an inexpensive light‐emitting diode. Furthermore, lower cost detection electronics can be developed since only one modulation frequency is required. In addition, this sensor can potentially be used in vivo, with a fiber optic both delivering the excitation light and collecting the emission.
Use of the Centritech Lab Centrifuge for Perfusion Culture of Hybridoma Cells in Protein‐Free Medium
Authors: Johnson Mark , Lanthier Stéphane , Massie Bernard , Lefebvre Gilles , Kamen Amine A.
Published: July 2002

As part of an effort to develop a suspension‐culture perfusion‐based process with high flow rate without the fouling and antibody retention inherent to filter‐based cell‐separation devices, we have evaluated and contributed to the development of the Centritech Lab centrifuge for the perfusion culture of hybridoma cells in protein‐free medium. Culture start‐ups showed that cell growth and monoclonal‐antibody (MAb) production rates were similar in both a spinner flask and continuous centrifugation coupled to a bioreactor. The centrifuge efficiently separated viable cells from dead ones. Viable‐cell recoveries were never below 98%, whereas dead‐cell recoveries were usually around 80%. The cell content of the centrifuge supernatant and concentrate was strongly determined by the total amount of cells, viable and dead, in the culture broth, but an influence of the centrifugation parameters (feed rate, times of separation and discharge, and rotor speed) was observed. This understanding of the separation process inside the centrifuge is important and may apply to other similar devices. Monoclonal antibodies were not retained in the bioreactor during centrifugation perfusion. However, whereas similar growth rates were obtained in perfusion cultures using either continuous centrifugation or filtration, MAb concentrations were 35% lower in the former case. Utilization of the centrifuge in an intermittent fashion decreased the daily cell residence time outside the bioreactor, the daily pelleted‐cell residence time in the centrifuge, and the frequency of cell passage to the centrifuge. This led to higher viable‐cell numbers in the bioreactor and an accompanying increase in MAb concentrations, 225–250 mg of IgM L−1, equal to the performance of filter‐based perfusion systems with the same cell line. It was hypothesized that having cells periodically packed at the bottom of the centrifuge insert (up to 800 × 106 cells mL−1) is deleterious to the culture by exposing the pelleted cells to prolonged nutrient limitations.
Optimization of Sorting Conditions for the Selection of Stable, High‐Producing Mammalian Cell Lines
Authors: Zeyda Max , Borth Nicole , Kunert Renate , Katinger Hermann
Published: July 2002

The production of Green Fluorescent Protein in recombinant NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells was used as a model to determine the optimal conditions for the rapid isolation of high‐producing cell lines with a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter. “Bulk sorting”, that is, sorting of a large number of positive cells, did not result in a stable, high‐producing cell line due to overgrowth of high‐producing cells by low‐ or nonproducing cells. The production kinetics and expression of GFP during batch culture was found to differ between NIH3T3 cells and HepG2 hepatoma cells, even though the same plasmid was used for transfection. The kinetics of product formation need therefore to be determined from case to case to select the optimal timepoint for analysis and sorting. Subcloning of sorted cells into microtiter plates only resulted in high‐producing subclones when 1 or 2 cells were seeded per well. Higher seeding rates again resulted in overgrowth of low‐ or nonproducers. By subcloning, two high‐producing cells lines could be isolated. They had a 10‐ and 15‐fold higher fluorescent signal compared to the negative control. While one of these subclones started to decrease it's GFP expression after 2 months, the other clone stably expressed GFP for 4 months.
Increased antibacterial activity of 15‐residue murine lactoferricin derivatives
Authors: Strøm M.B. , Stensen W. , Svendsen J.S. , Rekdal Ø.
Published: July 2002

Abstract:LFM W8 is a synthetic 15‐residue lactoferricin derivative (H2N‐EKCLRWQWEMRKVGG‐COOH), corresponding to residues 16–30 of the mature murine lactoferrin protein except that the asparagine residue in position 8 of the native peptide is replaced with tryptophan. We have previously reported that the two tryptophan residues in positions 6 and 8 are of crucial importance for the antibacterial activity of many lactoferricin derivatives but, despite fulfilling this requirement, LFM W8 is inactive againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. In order to solve this puzzle, a quantitative structure–antibacterial activity relationship study of synthetic LFM W8 derivatives was performed by replacing the glutamate residues in positions 1 and 9 with arginine or alanine, and the valine residue in position 13 with tyrosine. The results from the study were analyzed using multivariate data analysis. The derived mathematical model clustered the peptides into distinct groups which reflected their antibacterial activities, pointed out correlations between different structural parameters, highlighted the structural parameters that were important for antibacterial activity, and enabled us to predict the activity of a 15‐residue bovine lactoferricin derivative. The results showed that net charge and micelle affinity, as determined from the ratio of α‐helicity in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles and in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol, were the most important structural parameters affecting antibacterial activity. The most active derivative, LFM R1,9 W8 Y13, displayed a minimal inhibitory concentration of 10 and 12 µmagainstE. coliandS. aureus, respectively. This represented more than 50‐fold and 40‐fold increases in antibacterial activity, respectively, compared with LFM W8.
The ICS‐‘BPH’ Study: uroflowmetry, lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Reynard  , Yang  , Donovan  , Peters  , Schafer  , De La Rosette  , Dabhoiwala  , Osawa  , Tong Long Lim  , Abrams
Published: July 2002

Objective

 To explore the relationship between uroflow variables and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); to define performance statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) for maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax ) with respect to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) at various threshold values; and to investigate the diagnostic value of low‐volume voids.

Patients and methods

 The study comprised 1271 men aged between 45 and 88 years recruited from 12 centres in Europe, Australia, Canada, Taiwan and Japan over a 2‐year period. Symptom questionnaires, voiding diaries, uroflowmetry and pressure‐flow data were recorded. The relationship between uroflow variables and symptoms, Qmax and BOO, and the diagnostic performance of low volume voids were analysed.

Results

 The relationship between symptoms and uroflow variables was poor. The mean difference between home‐recorded and clinic‐recorded voided volumes was −48 mL. Qmax was significantly lower in those with BOO (9.7 mL/s for void 1) than in those with no obstruction (12.6 mL/s; P<0.001) and Qmax was negatively correlated with obstruction grade (Spearman’s correlation coefficient −0.3, P<0.001), even when controlling for the negative correlation between age and Qmax (Spearman’s partial correlation coefficient −0.29, P<0.001). A threshold value of Qmax of 10 mL/s had a specificity of 70%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 70% and a sensitivity of 47% for BOO. The specificity using a threshold Qmax of 15 mL/s was 38%, the PPV 67% and the sensitivity 82%. Those voiding <150 mL (n=225) had a 72% chance of BOO (overall prevalence of BOO 60%). In those voiding >150 mL the likelihood of BOO was 56%. The addition of a specific threshold of 10 mL/s to these higher volume voiders improved the PPV for BOO to 69%.

Conclusion

 While uroflowmetry cannot replace pressure‐flow studies in the diagnosis of BOO, it can provide a valuable improvement over symptoms alone in the diagnosis of the cause of lower urinary tract dysfunction in men presenting with LUTS. This study provides performance statistics for Qmax with respect to BOO; such statistics may be used to define more accurately the presence or absence of BOO in men presenting with LUTS, so avoiding the need for formal pressure‐flow studies in everyday clinical practice, while improving the likelihood of a successful outcome from prostatectomy. This study also shows that low‐volume uroflowmetry can provide useful diagnostic information and that, as such, the data from such voids should not be discarded.
Controlled carbon doping of GaAs by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Kuech T. F. , Tischler M. A. , Wang P.-J. , Scilla G. , Potemski R. , Cardone F.
Published: July 2002

The controlled incorporation of carbon has been demonstrated for the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of GaAs. Carbon levels between 1016 and 1019 cm−3 can be achieved under typical growth conditions by using Ga(CH3)3 and either As(CH3)3 or mixtures of As(CH3)3 and AsH3. The carbon incorporation into GaAs goes through a minimum with growth temperature at ∼650 °C when using Ga(CH3)3 and As(CH3)3. The controlled addition of AsH3 monotonically decreases the carbon incorporation. The high carbon levels (≳1–2×1019 cm−3), greater than the reported solid solubility, are thermally stable with a low diffusion coefficient. The GaAs:C layers exhibit a low deep level concentration, ∼1013 cm−3, with only a single midgap trap present.
Type I–type II anticrossing and enhanced Stark effect in asymmetric coupled quantum wells
Authors: Golub J. E. , Liao P. F. , Eilenberger D. J. , Harbison J. P. , Florez L. T. , Prior Yehiam
Published: July 2002

We have observed the transition from type I (spatially direct) to type II (spatially indirect) in GaAs/AlGaAs asymmetric coupled quantum well structures at 10 K. The transition is manifested as a strong electric field induced quenching of the photoluminescence which correlates well with the results of a single particle calculation of the electron-hole overlap. By properly designing the coupled well structure, photoluminescence quenching (90%–10%) is observed for a change in bias field of only 5 kV/cm. Observations of the absorption spectrum clearly demonstrate that the type I–type II transition occurs by an electronic level anticrossing. Owing to the large level repulsion, a Stark shift of 5 meV is observed when the bias field is switched by only 18 kV/cm.
Dynamics of carrier capture in an InGaAs/GaAs quantum well trap
Authors: Oberli D. Y. , Shah J. , Jewell J. L. , Damen T. C. , Chand N.
Published: July 2002

We report on a time-resolved luminescence study of the dynamics of carrier capture in a strained quantum well of InGaAs embedded in GaAs confining layers. Efficient carrier capture takes place at low temperature (T<70 K) and low excitation density (∼250 nJ/cm2 per pulse), while at room temperature and higher excitation density the rate of carrier collection decreases as the carriers fill all the available states in the quantum well allowed by the Fermi–Dirac statistics.
Diffusion and drift of Si dopants in δ-doped n-type AlxGa1−xAs
Authors: Schubert E. F. , Tu C. W. , Kopf R. F. , Kuo J. M. , Lunardi L. M.
Published: July 2002

The study of diffusion and drift of Si in AlxGa1−xAs by means of capacitance-voltage measurements reveals that low substrate temperatures during growth by molecular beam epitaxy are required to achieve δ-function-like doping profiles. The diffusion coefficient of Si in Al0.3Ga0.7As is determined. We further show theoretically that the random Poisson distribution (usually assumed for dopant distributions in semiconductors) should be modified at high dopant concentrations due to repulsive interactions of impurities.
Field-induced decoupling of quantized levels and blue shift of absorption edge in a potential inserted quantum well structure
Authors: Onose H. , Yoshimura H. , Sakaki H.
Published: July 2002

The electric field induced localization and decoupling of quantized levels (FILD) in double quantum wells is studied both theoretically and experimentally and is shown to result in a novel blue shift of optical absorption peaks. The absorption edge of doubly coupled 54 Å GaAs wells separated by a 5.7 Å AlAs inserted barrier is found to shift by 8 meV toward the higher energy under a moderate field (>30 kV/cm). Considering the field-induced variation of quantized levels and excitonic effect, the observed shifts of most peaks are well explained by the simple effective mass theory. Device applications of this novel electro-optic effect (FILD) are also discussed.