bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteology and Relationships of Spinosuchus Casseanus Huene, 1932 from Texas (Dockum Group, Upper Triassic): A New Interpretation
Authors:   , Richards H.Robbins
Published: February 2023

The remains of Spinosuchus caseanus Huene, 1932 were collected in Crosby County, Texas from Late Triassic Dockum Group rocks. These rocks cropped out along the breaks of the White River that are just north of an old postal road in Crosby County, Texas. With the exception of these remains, the immediate type locality was otherwise barren of fossils. The 22 postaxial presacral vertebrae that comprise the type specimen of Spinosuchus caseanus correspond to the kind and number observed in basal dinosauromorphs and basal archosauromorphs, especially Trilophosaurus buetineri. The enigmatic neodiapsid S. caseanus was initially considered to be a basal saurischian dinosaur (Coelophysis aff longicollis Case). This idea was based largely on Case's referrals of questionable cranial, caudal, and pelvic material from Crosby and nearby counties which did not duplicate any elements of the type specimen. These referrals are not accepted in the present study and no new ones are proposed. The diagnostic characters of Spinosuchus Caseanus relate to the extreme elongation of the dorsal neural spines. The shafts of the neural spines are elongate rods with a squarish cross section whose comers are blended into the zygapophyses by well developed and fragile webs of bone reminiscent of the vertebral lamellae of diplodocoid sauropods. The distal tips of the neural spines are anteriorly expanded into an elongate asymmetrical \hatchet blade\ in lateral view. Spinosuchus Caseanus lacks the incorporation of posterior dorsal vertebrae into the sacrum. S caseanus retains synacephalous ribs and synapophyses on more than just the last dorsal vertebra. In S. Caseanus, the parapophyses and diapophyses on the first few cervical vertebrae are flush with the anterior edges of their respective centra whereby the diapophyses overhang the parapophyses. S caseanus lacks hyposphenes and hypantra on the neural arches. None of the preserved vertebrae of S. caseanus are sacrals. [More in manuscript]
Historical Effects of Streamflow Alteration on Fish Assemblages in Northwestern Kansas
Authors:   , Bradley Douglas
Published: February 2023

Many authors have suggested that the impoundment of streams affect fishes both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include blocking of dispersal routes, modifications in timing and intensity of streamflow, and loss of habitat, but the indirect effects may be just as harmful. These include the introduction of non-native fishes and reduction in water quality. Fish assemblage data were obtained from museum collection records for northwestern Kansas streams. Cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis were used to examine the changes in fish assemblages before and after the construction of impoundments in four drainages in northwestern Kansas. Results indicate that changes in fish assemblages have occurred in drainages with impoundments. Assemblages near impoundments have changed from those with characteristically variable flowers, diverse habitats, and lotic habitats to those with stable flows, monotonous and lentic habitats. Assemblages not impacted by impoundments show a greater similarity than those impacted by impoundments. I conclude that the changes in fish assemblages in this region are primarily the result of habitat alterations caused by the construction and operation of stream impoundments.
Multivocality and the Female Bildungsroman: Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God
Authors:   , Scott Samantha
Published: February 2023

Although much scholarship has been devoted to the study of the bildungsroman form and the novels of American ethnic women authors, the two topics have yet to be studied together extensively. Although critics have attempted to address the writing of these women within the bildungsroman framework, they generally view the novels as unsuccessful because the protagonists fail to develop single, coherent, autonomous identities. By accounting for the discrepancies of gendered experience and recognizing that female protagonists are consistently silenced, one can apply the bildungsroman form to these texts with simple alteration. Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, Love Medicine by Louise Erdrich, and Mother Tongue by Demetria Martinez effectively represent the struggle of female protagonists to create and sustain their identities. These novels further illustrate the struggle of ethnic women who are multiply oppressed and silenced. Thus, the modern female bildungsroman is accomplished when the protagonist accepts the paradoxes of her identity, and, by refusing to silence anyone part of herself, becomes multivocal. She further must create a community in which to speak, ensuring herself a place as a speaking subject, rather than a passive object.
A Comparison of the Career (Vocational) Maturity Difference Between Hispanic and Anglo Adolescents
Authors:   , Herrera John
Published: February 2023

The sample consisted of 101 high school students. The dependent variable was the career maturity scores. Three independent variables investigated were: 1) gender, 2) race, and 3) high school classification. Six null hypotheses were tested in the study. Seventeen comparisons were made and four were found to be significant at the .05 level. Two null hypotheses for main effect were rejected. The results of this study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1) that gender and high school classification made no difference in mean career maturity scores, 2) that race made a difference in mean career maturity scores, 3) that there was a difference between the calculated mean score for the total sample and the expected mean score for the instrument, 4) that the Anglo male adolescent had a greater inventoried mean career maturity score than the Hispanic male, and 5) that the mean career maturity level for male adolescents was greater than the female level.
Variations of Primordial Forms
Authors:   , Mages James
Published: February 2023

My primary concept at the beginning of my thesis work was to involve continuous flowing lines which would be incorporated into the larger mass of each of the organic, free-form pieces. I was primarily concerned about the basic organic form and yet, at the same time, wanted to make the tops the most striking part of the piece.
An Evaluation of Trap-Neuter-Release Practices for Free-Roaming Cat Populations
Authors:   , Gaston Brian
Published: February 2023

As of 2002, estimates of free-roaming domestic cat (Felis catus) populations exceeded 100 million individuals, throughout the United States. Many lost or abandoned cats will revert to living outdoors as free-roaming individuals. To try to control the abundance of free-roaming cats, trap-neuter-release (TNR) programs have been implemented across the United States. The goal of many TNR programs is to reduce cat populations by sterilizing the individuals to prevent breeding, while also providing food and water to the unconfined colony. However, wildlife conservationists question the effectiveness of TNR programs. The objectives of my study were to: determine the population size and apparent survival of free-roaming cats in areas managed by a TNR program, determine population size and apparent survival of free-roaming cats in areas not managed by a TNR program, and compare the population sizes of TNR managed populations to those of unmanaged cat populations. Between September 2011 and September 2012, free-roaming cats were trapped and marked at two sites managed by a TNR program, and at two unmanaged sites. Population estimates indicated seasonal population changes in the unmanaged sites as well as TNR site 1, but not TNR site 2. TNR site 1 had a lower proportion of neuter cats ( < 50% neutered) while TNR site 2 had a much higher proportion of neutered individuals (~90% neutered). Population estimates of the unmanaged sites and TNR site 1 increased in the spring and decreased through the winter months. Population estimates for TNR site 2 remained constant throughout the year. This study showed TNR programs will need to maintain a high proportion of neutered individuals to prevent population increases and that a highly neutered colony is managed for a seasonally stable population of cats as opposed to a decreasing population.
Sacred Industry
Authors:   , Heimsoth Joshua
Published: February 2023

Thesis show revolving around the design concepts found in religious art and in the functional beauty of industrial design with observations on the beauty and hypocrisy in both power structures.
Age, Growth, and Simulation Modeling to Characterize Fish Populations at Two Reservoirs in South-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Serpan Brian
Published: February 2023

Several fish populations in Kansas are heavily exploited. To obtain insight into the response of fish populations to management actions, fisheries biologists must obtain as much information as possible with limited resources. To address these challenges, biologists often use age and growth information to understand the age structure of the populations, estimate recruitment and mortality, and gain insight into environmental and genetic factors influencing growth. In addition, age and growth data are used to generate yield-per-recruit models, which allow biologists to extrapolate population trends and make broad predictions about population responses to different management actions. Cheney and El Dorado reservoirs are in south-central Kansas near urban areas and receive heavy use by anglers. Additionally, both reservoirs contain invasive White Perch Morone americana and Zebra Mussels Dreissena polymorpha, which adds incentive to provide the most informed decisions that minimize the impact of the invasive species but maintain user enjoyment. This study was conducted to provide age and growth information to assess the status of current fish populations and to model potential outcomes from management decisions by using Beverton-Holt yield-per-recruit models. I collected age and growth data from populations of Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus, Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris, Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Walleye Sander vitreus, White Bass Morone chrysops, White Crappie Pomoxis annularis, White Perch, and palmetto bass (female Striped Bass Morone saxatilis × male White Bass M. chrysops) at both Cheney and El Dorado reservoirs from May 23 to November 15, 2013. These data were analyzed and used to create inputs for yield-per-recruit models in Fisheries Analysis and Modeling Simulator (FAMS). Results suggested that more restrictive length limits could be justified for Walleye at both reservoirs and palmetto bass at Cheney Reservoir; however, unless certain populations aid in the control of invasive species, current restrictions on other fish populations were acceptable.
The Order of Space
Authors:   , Misegadis Lois
Published: February 2023

The concept for this exhibition began to evolve with a series of paintings containing monolithic forms. I was searching for a direction, and I crafted the monoliths to represent the human spirit: Its strengths, its resilience, and its follies. I have experimented with this basic idea and expanded it in new ways through painting. The use of color in this exhibit is meant to create an element of emotion and mood, raising the viewer’s spirit beyond earthly experiences.
A Survey of Economic, General Business, and Accounting Courses Offered by and Desired for the Small College
Authors:   , Wilson Edward
Published: February 2023

This thesis contains the results of three surveys which were made to try to determine the most important courses in the major field of economics, general business, and accounting. These surveys were conducted from college catalogues, industry, and graduates of Fort Hays Kansas State College. The results of the surveys are presented in tables with a written discussion of the results. This project is intended to aid the small college with enrollments of less than 3,500 students, in selecting the most important courses in these three major fields of study. The thesis is divided into seven chapters: the \Introduction”, a \Review of Literature”, the “Methods of Procedure and General Results\, the \Survey Results of the Economic Courses\, the “Survey Results of the General Business Courses”, the \Survey Results of the Accounting Courses”, and a \Conclusion”. Also included is bibliography containing twenty-seven selected references to supplement the survey results. The articles cited include both research in the field of business curriculums, and general discussion articles of interesting content. Three appendixes are also included which contain supporting tables, lists of colleges and companies surveyed with introductory letters and forms, and letters of comment from the companies.
Learning Through Purposeful Activities In The Lower Grades
Authors:   , Weber Lallie
Published: February 2023

The specific problem or this thesis which is to determine whether children of the first grade who have had certain specific activities in connection with their regular school work achieve more and make better progress than children of the same grade who have not had experience in such activities. The particular activities in this experimental investigation were: (a) the \reading library\; (b) the \toy library\.
Coated-Graphite Ion-Selective Electrode for Na+ Ion and K+ Ion
Authors:   , Nagara Byaporn
Published: February 2023

Coated-graphite ion-selective electrodes which are sensitive and reasonably selective for Na+ ion and K+ ion are developed and characterized. The electrode specific for sodium ion is based on the use of the antibiotic monensin as electroactive material employing o-n-octyloxynitrobenzene as a plasticizer in a polyvinyl chloride matrix. The one that is specific for potassium ion is based on the use of the antibiotic nigericin as a novel electroactive material employing o-n-octyloxynitrobenzene as a plasticizer in a polyvinyl chloride matrix. Selectivity coefficients, Nernstian response, linear range, detection limit and stability of electrode upon storage are characteristics studied. Preparation of the coated-graphite sensor is simple and rapid. Moreover, it is quite inexpensive. The results indicate that both monensin-based and nigericin-based coated-graphite ion selective electrodes, though not superb, could be of considerable value as analytical tools for the determination of Na+ and K+ ion, respectively, in some systems. A limitation is their applicability in aqueous media only, as organic solvents will dissolve the membrane.
Aspects Of Pre-Civil War Historical Drama
Authors:   , Coles Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

This thesis is an attempt to present in a general way some aspects of the pre-Civil War historical drama. The plays chosen cover the years from 1766-1830 inclusive. Arthur Hobson Quinn and Montrose J. Moses, writers on early American drama, have endeavored to treat the entire field in its social, political, historical, and economical aspects. I have limited my attempt to the historical phase in which there are at least five distinct groups. The following topical analysis of the plays I have used will present these more clearly.
Moon rocks and mediations: Cooperation and competition in space race diplomacy
Authors:   , Dinkel Christopher
Published: February 2023

While the Space Race is often discussed in terms of international competition and Cold War tension, the fact that both Soviet and American forays into space remained peaceful and scientifically driven throughout the 1950s and 1960s points to a more complicated reality that indicates a significant amount of international cooperation during the Space Race. The International Geophysical Year (IGY), which was a collaborative effort among scientists from around the world, served as a catalyst for beginning the Space Race in the late 1950s, and the importance of scientific cooperation emphasized by the IGY remained central to space exploration throughout the Space Race. Efforts within the United Nations (UN) also served to direct the Space Race away from potential war and toward peaceful collaboration. While Cold War tensions remained a major factor in the Space Race, cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union were a vital part in directing the Space Race toward peaceful ends. This paper examines the role that the IGY, the UN, and Cold War tensions played in the progression of the Space Race during the 1950s and 1960s. In the process it challenges the Historiographical assumption that the Space Race was solely competitive in nature as well as the traditional understandings about the nature of the Cold War.
The Relationship Between Need for Cognition and Hardiness
Authors:   , Rathburn Katherine
Published: February 2023

Need for cognition and hardiness are two widely studied variables that have not been studied together, even though evidence exists that they share a common base. Using the five-factor model of personality (as defined by Costa & McCrae, 1992) as a backdrop, need for cognition and hardiness were compared and were predicted to positively correlate because of their negative correlations with neuroticism (Funk, 1992; Sadowski & Cogburn, 1997). The short version of the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Petty, & Kao, 1984) and the Cognitive Hardiness Scale (Nowack, 1996) were used with 103 subjects recruited primarily from summer courses. The results supported the hypothesis (r = .2572. p = .009). A post hoc analysis did not support the idea that hardiness had three separate components; this result was in agreement with other research.
Ambulatory Care Clients' Perceptions of Spiritual Needs in a Rural Nurse Practitioner Clinic
Authors:   , Brull Julie
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to explore rural ambulatory care clients’ perceptions of spiritual needs, the nurse practitioner’s role in meeting spiritual needs, and the effect that age, sex, marital status, and frequency of church attendance have on ambulatory care clients’ perceptions of spiritual needs. The Neuman Systems Model (Neuman & Fawcett, 2002) was utilized as the theoretical foundation for this investigation. The participants in this investigation (N=83) were adult clients ages 18 to 64 seeking health care at the Fort Hays State University Student Health Center located in rural Western Kansas. Data was collected utilizing a revised edition of the Spiritual Needs of Patients Study Questionnaire by Martin, Burrows, and Pomilio (1976). / Findings of this investigation were reported as raw data, descriptive statistic such as means and modes, a t-test to compare groups based on gender, and one-way ANOVA testing to compare means between groups based on age, marital status, frequency of church attendance, and church affiliation. Results revealed several interesting and useful findings concerning the spiritual perceptions of rural ambulatory care clients. Not only did ambulatory care clients in a rural setting support that nurse practitioners are qualified to meet their spiritual needs, but they also felt that their spiritual needs were not too personal to discuss with the nurse practitioner. No significant differences were found between males and females regarding their spiritual perceptions and the nurse practitioner’s role in providing spiritual care. Significant differences existed between young adults and old middle-aged adults regarding their spiritual perceptions; old middle-aged adults scored significantly higher overall than did young adults. A statistically significant difference also existed between single participants and married participants in their overall spiritual perception score. Married participants scored significantly higher on the Spiritual Needs of Patients Study Questionnaire than the single participants scored. Recommendations were made based on the findings of this investigation and they include: conducting further research addressing the differences between males and females and their spiritual perceptions, conducting additional research focusing on the spiritual perceptions of young adults compared to old middle-aged adults, additional research investigations comparing spiritual perceptions based on marital status, conducting research aimed at investigating the differences between spiritual perceptions and the nurse practitioner roles among various church affiliations, and continued investigations addressing the spiritual perceptions of clients in relation to the frequency of church attendance.
Packaging: From the Cracker Barrel to the Over Ornate to Alleged Deception
Authors:   , Hawk Kenneth
Published: February 2023

In recent years there has been considerable controversy involving the packaging industry. It has been alleged that a great deal of the packaging in use today is deceptive. It was hoped that through this study interested people may get some insight into present day packaging practices and problems. The sources of information used in compiling this paper include The Readers Guide for Periodical Literature, The Business Periodical Index, The International Index, and the Forsyth Library Card Index. Hearings on possible packaging legislation have recently concluded in the United States Senate. These hearings and the possible legislation have been studied. The Federal Food and Drug Administration and various consumer groups have furnished information concerning this problem. Chapter two follows packaging from the Uneeda Biscuit (the first package) to the elaborate container that we know today. Chapter three outlines the various allegations that have been levied against the packaging industry. Also included in this chapter is the attempt by the packaging industry to refute these allegations. In chapter four the Pure Food and Drug Law of 1906 and the 1938 Federal Food and Drug Act are outlines. These are the laws by which current day packaging must be regulated. Chapter five points out the various problems the Food and Drug Administration has had in enforcing current packaging laws. State activity in the regulation of deceptive packaging occupies chapter six. In this chapter it is pointed out that the various states have had difficulty regulating products that are traded in interstate commerce. The last chapter concerns itself with the possible packaging legislation that has been introduced in the United States Senate. This chapter also tells of the packaging industry's all-out effort to defeat this possible Law.
Differential Reinforcement of Pro-Social Verbal Behaviors Versus Response Cost for Anti-Social Verbal Behaviors in a Token (Point) Economy System for Adolescents in a Group Care Home
Authors:   , Strickler Donald
Published: February 2023

Response cost and, reinforcement-of-other-behavior treatments were compared as to their effectiveness in reducing the number of anti-social verbalizations used by teenagers in a group care home. The reinforcement of other behavior treatment reduced the frequency of anti-social verbalizations more quickly and to a slightly lower level than did the response-cost schedule. That effects on the target behavior as well as its more positive effect on other aspects of the behavior of group members made it appear to be the treatment of choice for reducing the anti-social verbalizations of adolescents in that selling.
Parent Attitudes and Student Attitudes Toward Mathematics
Authors:   , Molleker Jacques
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the relationship of parent and student attitudes toward Mathematics for students in grades 6 through 12. The independent variables were (1) gender of the student, (2) grade level of the student. (3) student mathematical performance (current grade in class), (4) mother's attitude toward mathematics (as determined by the mother's score on the Molleker Math Aptitude Scale-Mother), and (5) father's attitude toward mathematics (as determined by the father's score on the Molleker Math Attitude Scale-Father). The dependent variable was the student score on the Molleker Math Attitude Scale-Student. The sample size was 86. A total of eight composite null hypotheses were tested. Each null hypothesis was tested using a three-way analysis of variance, (general linear model). A total of 23 comparisons were made plus 33 recurring. Of the 23 comparisons made, 5 were for main effect and 18 were for interactions. Of the 5 main effects 2 were statistically significant at the .05 level of significance. The statistically significant main effects were for grade level and grade received in current class. The results indicated the following: 1) students in grades 6 and 11 had statistically higher mean attitude scores (more positive attitude towards mathematics) than those students in grade 12. 2) Students with passing grades in their current math class had statistically higher mean attitude scores (more positive attitude towards mathematics) than those students who did not have passing grades in their current math class. None of the 18 interactions was statistically significant at the .05 level of significance. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1) students in grade 6 and grade 11 have a more positive attitude toward mathematics than students in grade 12. 2) Students with a passing grade m their current math class have a more positive attitude toward mathematics than students who are not passing their current math class. 3) with all scores being above the theoretical mean, students in grades 6 through 12 have a positive attitude toward mathematics. 4) The gender of the student is not associated with the attitude of the student toward mathematics. 5) The mother's attitude toward mathematics is not associated with the student's attitude toward mathematics. And 6) the father’s attitude toward mathematics is not associated with the student's attitude toward mathematics.
The Settlement of the Honduras-Nicaragua Boundary Controversy
Authors:   , Cooper Rex
Published: February 2023

The Honduras-Nicaragua boundary controversy had a complicated background extending from the early Spanish colonization. The basic problem resulted from confusion over which country held effective control over the boundary area between the two countries. In their first major attempt at solving the boundary problem, the two countries had the King of Spain arbitrate the dispute. He awarded most of the disputed area to Honduras. However, Nicaragua refused to accept the King’s decision. In their next attempt at settling the boundary controversy, Honduras and Nicaragua enlisted the assistance of the United States of America. The United States attempted to act as a sole mediator to lead the two countries to a solution of their controversy. In the process, the United States considered committing its military forces on a number of occasions. However, despite all of its efforts, the United States was unable to obtain a permanent solution to the controversy. The best the United States could claim in its initial attempt at negotiating the dispute was the prevention of military conflict and the maintenance of the status quo in the boundary area. The United States also became involved in the boundary controversy in 1937. On this occasion the United States approached the controversy from the position of a good neighbor. Throughout this period of negotiations, the United States acted in cooperation with several other nations. While at times offering its guidance to the negotiating countries, the United States adamantly refused to take a position which would make it appear to be imposing a solution in the controversy. Despite this altered approach to the negotiations, the United States and its fellow mediators again failed to gain a solution more permanent than the maintenance of the status quo in the controversial region. In the final settlement of the dispute, the Organization of American States led the way. The Organization of American States initially helped Honduras and Nicaragua avoid military conflict in the renewed crisis. After reducing the immediate danger, the OAS helped the two countries place their controversy before the International Court of Justice for final settlement. The International Court of Justice eventually decided on behalf of Honduras, bringing the boundary difficulties to a conclusion. Throughout this dispute, one can follow an evolution in diplomatic problem solving techniques. Initially, the United States acted as a sole mediator in the dispute, an attempt which resulted in failure. Later, the United States joined with other countries in joint mediation only to fail once again. A final settlement of the dispute was achieved only through the auspices of two international organizations: The Organization of American States and the International Court of Justice.
Methods and Modes of Text-Book Selection
Authors:   , Seuser John
Published: February 2023

The specific objective of this thesis is to locate or determine, if possible, the residence and operation of the legislative authority or function which prescribes the kind and number of text-books used in the public schools of the several States.
The Supreme Court's \Maverick\ Justice: John Paul Stevens and Same-sex marriage
Authors:   , Acree Jamie
Published: February 2023

This thesis predicts how United States Supreme Court Associate Justice John Paul Stevens would have ruled on the constitutionality of same-sex marriage if the issue were to have come before him while he was on the Court. The hypothesis is that he would have found a constitutional right to same-sex marriage. The hypothesis is substantiated based on an analysis of Stevens‟ record in ten specific cases. The thesis puts forth the argument that these ten cases most accurately predict how Stevens would have voted on the constitutional issue. Stevens‟ opinions and dissents in these cases are examined. Additionally, included is an analysis of his viewpoints, as evidenced in interviews, oral “arguments,” public speeches, and articles.
Dye Tracing and the Effects of Infrastructure in Hidden River Cave, Horse Cave, KY
Authors:   , Franks Alexa
Published: February 2023

Hidden River Cave is a stream cave system found in Horse Cave, KY with continuous water flow of its two branches, Wheet River and East River. The infrastructure of the city of Hose Cave, KY was originally designed to utilize natural sinkholes for drainage of all wastewaters. The city uses many of these, now modified, sinkholes for wastewater disposal and storm water drainage. Historically, Hidden River Cave has been severely impacted by unmonitored dumping of contamination. To better understand and identify specific flow paths from sinkholes and infrastructure into Hidden River Cave, this study documented various sinkholes and other infrastructure, such as storm drains, sewer systems, and other undocumented pipes, that could send water from the surface to Hidden River Cave. The study focused on using fluorescent dyes injected into four sites in order to document how the water carrying these dyes moved through the cave system. These dyes were identified using charcoal dye receptors placed at six locations within Hidden River Cave. Additionally, passage cross-sections of two major branches of the cave were measured, while depth and velocity measurements were taken to calculate the discharge of the river in these branches of the cave. Dye trace results identified two flow paths and hypothesized a small groundwater basin based on the detection of various dyes within the cave from multiple injection sites. Discharge results appear to agree with the flow path interpretation derived from the dye traces. The most significant findings of this research include: 1) identifying multiple flow paths from various injection points, 2) determining the relationship between discharge of the Wheet River and East River in Hidden River Cave, and 3) hypothesizing a flow route based on a lack of detection from a previously unidentified injection point. These findings improve the understanding of the relationship between surface water catchment in the city of Horse Cave and the flow into Hidden River Cave.
The New Testament's Teaching on Interpersonal Relationships
Authors:   , Hemphill Bruce
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to identify and analyze the interpersonal-relationship principles and applications presented by the New Testament and to suggest how those principles and applications might best impact the field of interpersonal communication. Those passages in the New Testament Gospels and Pauline Epistles to the churches which explicitly speak to relationships and relational behaviors were examined for content. The results were presented for observation and were analyzed for contribution to the field of Interpersonal communication. Four areas were discussed. (1) Openness to others was taught in the New Testament as a quality of character often delineated as gentleness. (2) The practice of mutual submission as a specific application of this gentleness was called for in every kind of relationship. (3) The principle of love had its foundation in the character of God and presented a more concrete yardstick for behavior: \Treat others in the way you would like to be treated.” (4) The healing practice of forgiveness was a significant issue in the New Testament's relational teaching. The overall impact of the results was felt in the portrayal of a predominately other-centered life style. The frequent appearance of this life style was most challenging.
An Observational Study Examining the Academic and Social Interaction Behaviors of Students with Learning Disabilities in Three Different Educational Settings : Inclusive, Resource, and Regular Education Classrooms
Authors:   , Eickhoff Alisha
Published: February 2023

The focus of the current study was to examine the academic responding and the social interactions of students with learning disabilities (LD) in three educational settings: resource room, inclusive classroom, and general education. Two third grade and two fifth grade students with LD were observed. The two 3rd grade students with LD were observed in all three settings, while the two 5th grade students with LD were observed in only two settings, the inclusive and the general education classroom. For comparison purposes, four students without exceptionalities were also observed. Observations were conducted using EBASS, a computerized observational tool. Specifically, student behaviors were targeted and included academic responding, task management, and competing responses. Information was also collected regarding the social interaction of each student. Results of the 3rd graders indicated that instruction in the resource room provided higher levels of academic engagement compared to the inclusive classroom. Inclusion increased academic engagement very little, when compared to the regular classroom instruction. Social interactions varied depending on the student and the setting. For example, the 3rd grade students observed in all three settings generally interacted the most in the resource rooms with adults, but more often with peers in the regular classroom. Furthermore the 3rd graders interacted at levels that were similar to those displayed by regular ed. peers. In contrast, the 5th grade students served only in inclusive settings responded somewhat equally as often in service and non- service settings, but at considerably lower levels than peers. Implications of the current research are discussed as well as recommendations for future research.
An Experimental Developmental Reading Program For A City Elementary School
Authors:   , Shank Lloyd
Published: February 2023

The objectives of the education of exceptional children must be in accord with the principles of democracy. They do not differ from the general objectives of education for all children; only the means of obtaining these objectives must differ. The educational Policies Commission has identified four groups of objectives or educational purposes relating to the person himself, to his membership in the family or community group, to his activities as a producer and consumer, and to his life as a citizen. The commission defines these four groups as the objectives of self-realization, human relationship, economic efficiency, and civic responsibility.
Enhancement of Anxiety and Subjective Arousal Due to Misattribution of Unrelated Physiological Arousal
Authors:   , Poore Quinton
Published: February 2023

The present study investigated the effects of misattributed physiological arousal on experienced anxiety and subjective arousal. Cantor, Zillmann, and Bryant (1975) and Zillmann, Johnson, and Day (1974) found that unperceived exercise- induced arousal led to increases in sexual excitement and anger and aggression, respectively. In the main experiment, 29 men and 27 women were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Subjects were tested individually. The first group of subjects viewed the four violent (frightening) film segments and rated them according to their self-perceived arousal, excitement, and anxiety induced after each segment. Measurements of pulse rate and blood pressure were taken after each segment. They then viewed a 10 minute neutral tape while seated on an exercise bicycle equipped with an ergonometer and then viewed the four frightening (violent) film segments and rated them as before. The subject pedaled the cycle for one minute while viewing the neutral tape. The subject in group 1 pedaled during the ninth minute of the neutral tape and was expected to be aware of his or her physiological arousal. Subjects in Groups 2 and 3 also did the above, but subjects in Group 2 pedaled the bicycle for one minute at four minutes into the tape and were not expected to be aware of their residual physiological arousal when viewing the second set of films, and subjects in Group 3 pedaled the cycle for one minute at the beginning of the tape and were not expected to be physiologically aroused when viewing the second set of films. Although it was expected that subjects in Group 2 would show significantly higher amounts of anxiety than Groups 1 and 3 and that Group 1 would show significantly higher amounts of anxiety than Group 3, this was not the case. While the predicted main effect for Group occurred (Wilk's [lambda] = .419, Approx. F (12,78) = 3.14, p < .001), this effect was not consistent, as the subjective measures of arousal did not approach significance. Further analyses showed that Group 2 was not different from Groups 1 and 3 (Wilk's [lambda] = .866, F (6,39) = 1.00 , p > .05). While Group 1 was significantly different from Group 3 (Wilk's [lambda] = .478, F (6,39) = 7.09, p < .001), this was due to differences in physiological arousal only. It was found that while male subjects displayed tendencies to misattribute unperceived physiological arousal, female subjects consistently categorized the films by type across the three groups, with the frightening segments rated higher on the subjective measures of arousal than the violent segments. A discussion of the obtained results was then undertaken.
Comparative Morphology and Evolution of Teleoceras (Mammalia: Rhinocerotidae)
Authors:   , Gerhold George
Published: February 2023

The teleoceratines were members of the last wave of rhino immigrants to North America, and together with the genus Aphelops, represent the last rhinos on the North American continent. Teleoceras was a hippo-like rhinoceros that existed from the early Barstovian to the late Hemphillian land-mammal age. Geographically, the genus roamed from Florida through the present day High Plains to the west coast of North America. The genus is characterized by grossly shortened limbs and a deep, concave body. The skull is brachycephalic with broad, flaring zygomatic arches and lambdoid crests. The nasals are fused with a small rugosity that indicates the presence of a small horn. The incisors are lost except for the blade-like I1/ and tusk-shaped I/2. The premolars are reduced with a loss of the P1/1 and occasional loss of the P/2. The molars are hypsodont with a complicated crown pattern on the upper teeth. Seven species of Teleoceras are presently recognized. Five species are normal in size and two are dwarf offshoots. Species can be identified by the crown pattern on the upper molars, size of certain cranial features, overall size of the skeleton, size of the limb elements, and number of carpal elements. Measurement of the tusks (I/2) and cranial features also aids in gender identification. Seven age groups of Teleoceras are determined on the basis of tooth eruption and wear on the metastyle. Hypsodonty and the presence of grass seeds in articulated skeletons confirm that Teleoceras was a grazer. There is a general trend toward an increase in size and robustness. The dwarf species show a decrease in size with a marked increase in robustness that surpasses the normal species.
Influence Of Friendship On Motivation And Academic Achievement
Authors:   , Dechant Anna
Published: February 2023

Research has shown that friendship, along with motivation, can impact the cognitive development and academic achievement of students in varying ways. As a result of the increase in attention nationwide on student achievement and the positive outcomes that result from academic success, knowing the influences of age, friendship quality, various aspects of friendship, and motivation on academic achievement can only serve to enhance student achievement outcomes, and therefore success in adulthood. The present study examined the variables of age, grade level, and friendship quality, including specific aspects such as conflict and closeness, length of friendship, and time spent with friends, in relation to the variables of motivation and academic achievement. The sample for the current study was made up of 93 5th and 8th grade students, ages 10-14. Of the participants, 46 were male and 47 were female. Friendship quality was found to be significantly predictive of both overall motivation and intrinsic motivation. Additionally, age was found to be significantly predictive of academic achievement in both reading and math, and conflict was found to be significantly and positively predictive of academic achievement in math. Further, intrinsic motivation was found to differ among grade levels, with 8th graders having significantly lower levels of intrinsic motivation when examining the influence of friendship quality and grade on intrinsic motivation, as did academic achievement when the influence of friendship quality and grade on academic achievement in reading and math was examined, with 8th graders scoring significantly higher on both.
A Factor Analytic Study of Job Functions and Employers' Preferred Training Models for Master's Level Clinical Psychologists
Authors:   , Soper William
Published: February 2023

Two factor analyses were conducted on the functions that master's level clinical psychologists perform, and on their employers' preferred training models as indicated by questionnaires returned from 400 mental health agencies west of the Mississippi River. The first analysis, for all facility types, extracted seven factors which were labeled Outpatient Therapy, Inpatient Therapy, Community Mental Health, Research Assistant, Inpatient Ward Management, Psychological Testing, and Other Functions. A second factor analysis on the data returned from community mental health centers produced six factors: Outpatient Therapy, Inpatient Therapy, Ward Management and Research, Research Assistant, Psychological Testing, and Community Mental Health. The factor structures of the two analyses were quite similar in terms of their apparent meanings. The results of this study support the belief that master's level clinical psychologists are performing traditional clinical functions such as psychotherapy, psychological testing, and research, as well as functions associated with the more recent community mental health model. The results were viewed as an important step toward more rational, job-oriented curriculum development for master's level clinical psychologists.
Subtle Surfaces: The Layered Effects of Ash Glazes Over Shino
Authors:   , Nolan Andrew
Published: February 2023

The research focus of my master’s program investigates the interaction of two types of glazes: shino and ash.
Comparison of Small Mammal Communities in Ephemeral Wetlands and Wet Meadows during Drought
Authors:   , Zinke Brian
Published: February 2023

Ephemeral wetlands are characterized by a cyclical hydropattern, ranging from complete inundation to a total absence of surface water. This cycle between wet and dry phases is necessary for the flora of ephemeral wetlands to perpetuate. However, little research has been done to study the response of the non-avian fauna to these cycles, particularly during the dry phase. I live trapped small mammals by using Sherman live traps and conducted vegetation surveys monthly (May–August in 2012 and May–July in 2013) in the ephemeral wetlands and the surrounding wet meadows of the Cheyenne Bottoms basin in central Kansas. Drought occurred both years, leaving the wetlands dry; this allowed small mammal use of wetlands in the dry phase to be documented. Small mammal species richness in the 2 habitats differed by 1 the first year but was equal the second year, although species composition differed. In 2012, population estimates were higher in the wetlands than the wet meadows for Peromyscus maniculatus, Sigmodon hispidus, and Mus musculus, as well as in 2013 for P. maniculatus. Overall small mammal community estimates were higher in the wetlands than the wet meadows in both years. Small mammal survival rates varied by species and habitat. The survival rates of the overall small mammal communities were greater in the wetlands than the wet meadows in 2012, but were comparable between habitats in 2013. In both years, forbs had a higher aerial cover in the wetlands, while grasses had a higher aerial cover in the wet meadows. The height of the standing dead vegetation was taller in the wetlands than the wet meadows in 2012, but showed no difference between habitat types in 2013. These vegetational cover types, coupled with small mammal species interactions, influenced small mammal population estimates and survival rates in the 2 habitats. The vegetational cover types were also the likely reason for finding M. musculus, the additional species, in the wetlands. The process of wetland drawdown in a southern mixed-grass prairie ephemeral wetland greatly affected small mammal communities locally. With small mammals playing a pivotal role in many food webs, it is critical that managers understand the effects of processes, whether natural or man-induced, on small mammal communities.
A Study in Graphic Techniques
Authors:   , Dwyer Marie
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate as many of the graphic techniques as time, materials, and equipment would permit. The technical aspect of each process was first learned and then attention was given to developing the possible limitations and advantages of each. In some areas, such as in drypoint, only enough work was done to learn the process. However, in the areas of woodcuts and serigraphy, much more time was spent and the investigation was conducted with some depth. Techniques which were studied include woodcuts, serigraphy, line drawings, hard and soft ground etchings on zinc, aluminum and copper, aquatint, engraving, and stone lithography. The discussion of each technique is listed in this paper in the order in which it was explored.
Selection of Potential Landfill Sites for Ellis County, Kansas Utilizing the Geographic Information System Idrisi
Authors:   , Barton Theron
Published: February 2023

With the continuous dumping of solid waste, the current Ellis County, Kansas landfill is expected to be filled within the next five years.