bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of plane-type axon guidance substrates by applying diamond-like carbon thin film deposition
Authors: Ban Masahito , Chen Jing
Published: May 2023

This research aims to fabricate plane-type substrates for evaluating the axon behaviors of neuronal cells in vitro toward the development of brain-on-chip models by applying the functions of diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film deposition, which helped to eliminate the costly and time-consuming lithography process by utilizing a shadow mask. The DLC thin films were partially deposited on stretched polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates covered with a metal mask by the plasma chemical vaper deposition method, and using the substrates culture teats with human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were performed. Three patterns of interconnection structures of axons were created on the substrates with disordered and regular linear wrinkle structures with several μm size formed by the depositions. The patterns were characterized by the structure that the aggregations of axons formed on the linear DLC thin film deposited areas were separately placed in regular intervals and connected each other by plenty of axons, which were individually taut in a straight line at about 100 to over 200 μm in length. The substrates expected of uses for evaluation of axon behaviors are available without fabricating guiding grooves by conventional soft lithographic methods requiring multiple stages and their treating times.
The distribution and diversity of eukaryotic phytoplankton in the Icelandic marine environment
Authors: Cerfonteyn Mia , Groben René , Vaulot Daniel , Guðmundsson Kristinn , Vannier Pauline , Pérez-Hernández María Dolores , Marteinsson Viggó Þór
Published: May 2023

Phytoplankton play a crucial role in the marine food web and are sensitive indicators of environmental change. Iceland is at the center of a contrasting hydrography, with cold Arctic water coming in from the north and warmer Atlantic water from the south, making this geographical location very sensitive to climate change. We used DNA metabarcoding to determine the biogeography of phytoplankton in this area of accelerating change. Seawater samples were collected in spring (2012–2018), summer (2017) and winter (2018) together with corresponding physico-chemical metadata around Iceland. Amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene indicates that eukaryotic phytoplankton community composition is different between the northern and southern water masses, with some genera completely absent from Polar Water masses. Emiliania was more dominant in the Atlantic-influenced waters and in summer, and Phaeocystis was more dominant in the colder, northern waters and in winter. The Chlorophyta picophytoplankton genus, Micromonas, was similarly dominant to the dominant diatom genus, Chaetoceros. This study presents an extensive dataset which can be linked with other 18s rRNA datasets for further investigation into the diversity and biogeography of marine protists in the North Atlantic.
Chemical modification of AAV9 capsid with N-ethyl maleimide alters vector tissue tropism
Authors: Mulcrone Patrick L. , Lam Anh K. , Frabutt Dylan , Zhang Junping , Chrzanowski Matthew , Herzog Roland W. , Xiao Weidong
Published: May 2023

Although more adeno-associated virus AAV-based drugs enter the clinic, vector tissue tropism remains an unresolved challenge that limits its full potential despite that the tissue tropism of naturally occurring AAV serotypes can be altered by genetic engineering capsid vie DNA shuffling, or molecular evolution. To further expand the tropism and thus potential applications of AAV vectors, we utilized an alternative approach that employs chemical modifications to covalently link small molecules to reactive exposed Lysine residues of AAV capsids. We demonstrated that AAV9 capsid modified with N-ethyl Maleimide (NEM) increased its tropism more towards murine bone marrow (osteoblast lineage) while decreased transduction of liver tissue compared to the unmodified capsid. In the bone marrow, AAV9-NEM transduced Cd31, Cd34, and Cd90 expressing cells at a higher percentage than unmodified AAV9. Moreover, AAV9-NEM localized strongly in vivo to cells lining the calcified trabecular bone and transduced primary murine osteoblasts in culture, while WT AAV9 transduced undifferentiated bone marrow stromal cells as well as osteoblasts. Our approach could provide a promising platform for expanding clinical AAV development to treat bone pathologies such as cancer and osteoporosis. Thus, chemical engineering the AAV capsid holds great potential for development of future generations of AAV vectors.
The prognostic value of radiomic features from pre- and post-treatment 18F-FDG PET imaging in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kim Soo Jeong , Choi Joon Young , Ahn Yong Chan , Ahn Myung-Ju , Moon Seung Hwan
Published: May 2023

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is widely used for management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Combining the radiomic features of pre- and post-treatment FDG PET images may improve tumor characterization and prognostic predication. We investigated prognostic value of radiomic features from pre- and post-radiotherapy FDG PET images in patients with NPC. Quantitative radiomic features of primary tumors were extracted from the FDG PET images of 145 NPC patients and the delta values were also calculated. The study population was divided randomly into two groups, the training and test sets (7:3). A random survival forest (RSF) model was adopted to perform analyses of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). There were 37 (25.5%) cases of recurrence and 16 (11.0%) cases of death during a median follow-up period of 54.5 months. Both RSF models with clinical variables and radiomic PET features for PFS and OS showed comparable predictive performance to RSF models with clinical variables and conventional PET parameters. Tumoral radiomic features of pre- and post-treatment FDG PET and the corresponding delta values may predict PFS and OS in patients with NPC.
Sex differences in VTA GABA transmission and plasticity during opioid withdrawal
Authors: Kalamarides Daniel J. , Singh Aditi , Wolfman Shannon L. , Dani John A.
Published: May 2023

The effectiveness of current treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) varies by sex. Our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms mediating negative states during withdrawal is lacking, particularly with regard to sex differences. Based on preclinical research in male subjects, opioid withdrawal is accompanied by increased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release probability at synapses onto dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). It is unclear, however, if the physiological consequences of morphine that were originally elucidated in male rodents extend to females. The effects of morphine on the induction of future synaptic plasticity are also unknown. Here, we show that inhibitory synaptic long-term potentiation (LTPGABA) is occluded in the VTA in male mice after repeated morphine injections and 1 day of withdrawal, while morphine-treated female mice maintain the ability to evoke LTPGABA and have basal GABA activity similar to controls. Our observation of this physiological difference between male and female mice connects previous reports of sex differences in areas upstream and downstream of the GABA-dopamine synapse in the VTA during opioid withdrawal. The sex differences highlight the mechanistic distinctions between males and females that can be targeted when designing and implementing treatments for OUD.
Spinal muscular atrophy-like phenotype in a mouse model of acid ceramidase deficiency
Authors: Nagree Murtaza S. , Rybova Jitka , Kleynerman Annie , Ahrenhoerster Carissa J. , Saville Jennifer T. , Xu TianMeng , Bachochin Maxwell , McKillop William M. , Lawlor Michael W. , Pshezhetsky Alexey V. , Isaeva Olena , Budde Matthew D. , Fuller Maria , Medin Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2023

Mutations inASAH1have been linked to two allegedly distinct disorders: Farber disease (FD) and spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME). We have previously reported FD-like phenotypes in mice harboring a single amino acid substitution in acid ceramidase (ACDase), P361R, known to be pathogenic in humans (P361R-Farber). Here we describe a mouse model with an SMA-PME-like phenotype (P361R-SMA). P361R-SMA mice live 2-3-times longer than P361R-Farber mice and have different phenotypes including progressive ataxia and bladder dysfunction, which suggests neurological dysfunction. We found profound demyelination, loss of axons, and altered sphingolipid levels in P361R-SMA spinal cords; severe pathology was restricted to the white matter. Our model can serve as a tool to study the pathological effects of ACDase deficiency on the central nervous system and to evaluate potential therapies for SMA-PME.
Viewing life without labels under optical microscopes
Authors: Ghosh Biswajoy , Agarwal Krishna
Published: May 2023

Optical microscopes today have pushed the limits of speed, quality, and observable space in biological specimens revolutionizing how we view life today. Further, specific labeling of samples for imaging has provided insight into how life functions. This enabled label-based microscopy to percolate and integrate into mainstream life science research. However, the use of labelfree microscopy has been mostly limited, resulting in testing for bio-application but not bio-integration. To enable bio-integration, such microscopes need to be evaluated for their timeliness to answer biological questions uniquely and establish a long-term growth prospect. The article presents key label-free optical microscopes and discusses their integrative potential in life science research for the unperturbed analysis of biological samples.
Sustainable development substantially reduces the risk of future drought impacts
Authors: Tabari Hossein , Willems Patrick
Published: May 2023

Drought is a major natural hazard that can cause cascading impacts on socioeconomic sectors, and its risk is expected to increase under future climate change and socioeconomic developments. However, a comprehensive cross-disciplinary drought risk outlook is currently lacking to support integrative disaster risk reduction efforts. To address this gap, our analysis examines drought exposure, vulnerability, and risk towards the end of this century under four future pathways. The study identifies the Mediterranean, Amazon, southern Africa, and Central America as the most impacted regions where extreme multivariate drought is projected to become two to four times more likely. Our analysis also shows that sustainable development would reduce population exposure to drought by 70% compared to fossil-fueled development. Furthermore, it halves the number of countries facing a fivefold increase in drought risk. Our results underscore the critical need for a cross-disciplinary drought risk outlook and emphasize the importance of considering exposure and vulnerability for risk assessments.
Molecular-level degradation pathways of black phosphorus revealed by mass spectrometry fingerprinting
Authors: Huang Xiu , Li Yong , Qu Guangbo , Yu Xue-Feng , Cao Dong , Liu Qian , Jiang Guibin
Published: May 2023

Black phosphorus (BP) can generate intrinsic phosphorus cluster fingerprint peaks in LDI-MS in both positive- and negative-ion modes, which allows the degradation pathways of BP to be unraveled at the molecular level without any chemical labeling.
A water-soluble fluorescent pH probe and its application for monitoring lysosomal pH changes in living cells
Authors: Zhang Lei , Guo Jun , You Qihua , Xu Yuqing
Published: May 2023

A water soluble fluorescent pH probe based on a dicyanoisophorone molecular platform has been designed. The probe could be applied for the monitoring of lysosomal pH in living cells and tracking lysosomal pH changes stimulated by chloroquine.
Green synthesis of yellow-green emissive silicon nanoparticles and their application for the sensitive fluorescence detection of bilirubin
Authors: Pan Congjie , Qin Xuezhen , Lu Meicheng , Ma Qiujuan
Published: May 2023

Novel water-soluble yellow-green fluorescent silicon nanoparticles were synthesized via a mild water bath method and utilized as a fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of bilirubin.
UV light-induced spatial loss of sialic acid capping using a photoactivatable sialyltransferase inhibitor
Authors: Moons Sam J. , Hornikx Daniël L.A.H. , Aasted Mikkel K. M. , Pijnenborg Johan F.A. , Calzari Matteo , White Paul B. , Narimatsu Yoshiki , Clausen Henrik , Wandall Hans H. , Boltje Thomas J. , Büll Christian
Published: May 2023

We report the synthesis of a photocaged sialyltransferase inhibitor that enables inducible and spatial expression of asialoglycans in human cells.
Construction of a novel magnetic levitation iron–carbon micro-electrolysis treatment system for dye wastewater and its anti-passivation strategy
Authors: Chen Zhihao , Feng Minquan , Wang Yibo , Ma Qi , Yin Qian
Published: May 2023

The performance of magnetic levitation device is superior to that of fixed bed and physical levitation device. The construction of magnetic suspension system has important guiding significance for the anti-passivation of microelectrolytic materials.
Comparative yields of antimicrobial peptides released from human and cow milk proteins under infant digestion conditions predicted by in silico methodology
Authors: Li Feijie , Dhordain Pauline , Hearn Milton T.W. , Martin Lisandra L. , Bennett Louise E.
Published: May 2023

Mammalian milk proteins are known to encrypt antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which can be passively released and exert bioactivity in the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems pre- or post-absorption, respectively.
Introduction to molecular engineering in MOFs: beyond reticular chemistry
Authors: Taddei Marco , Howarth Ashlee J. , Uemura Takashi
Published: May 2023

Marco Taddei, Ashlee Howarth and Takashi Uemura introduce the Molecular Systems Design & Engineering themed issue on molecular engineering in MOFs: beyond reticular chemistry.
Stability and reactivity of metal nanoclusters supported on transition metal carbides
Authors: Prats Hector , Stamatakis Michail
Published: May 2023

Some metal nanoclusters on TMCs are excellent candidates for the conversion of CH4 and CO2 into value-added fuels and chemicals.
A tube-like Pd@coordination polymer with enhanced solar light harvesting for boosting photocatalytic H2 production in a wide pH range and seawater
Authors: Li Jieling , Sun Shihao , Gao Ningshuang , Li Hua , Liang Kun , Hai Jun , He Suisui , Mu Xijiao , Wang Baodui
Published: May 2023

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation by EY-sensitized tube-like Pd/Pd(ii)CPs in seawater and under different pH conditions.
Growth temperature induced changes of luminescence in epitaxial BN: from colour centres to donor–acceptor recombination
Authors: Korona K. P. , Binder J. , Dąbrowska A. K. , Iwański J. , Reszka A. , Korona T. , Tokarczyk M. , Stępniewski R. , Wysmołek A.
Published: May 2023

A UV luminescence study of BN shows strong emission from theoretically predicted 1,2-CNCB and 1,4-CNCB color centers (4.1 eV and 3.24 eV). Samples grown at different temperatures reveal a change from localized to delocalized recombination.
Reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment using a PCN-224@IrNCs/d-Arg nanoplatform for the synergistic PDT, NO, and radiosensitization therapy of breast cancer and improving anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Zou Yi-Ming , Li Rong-Tian , Yu Lei , Huang Ting , Peng Jian , Meng Wei , Sun Bin , Zhang Wen-Hua , Jiang Zhi-Hong , Chen Jun , Chen Jin-Xiang
Published: May 2023

By reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and integrating multiple therapeutic modalities, we have successfully constructed an effective, safe, and multifunctional radiosensitization nanoplatform for enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
Cascade energy transfer boosted near-infrared circularly polarized luminescence of nanofibers from an exclusively achiral system
Authors: Xiao Chen , Li Chengxi , Huang Kang , Duan Pengfei , Wang Yafei
Published: May 2023

Chiral supramolecular nanofibers based on symmetry-breaking were constructed, and these produce near-infrared circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with high dissymmetry factor through energy and chirality transfer.
Formal oxygen atom insertion as a skeletal-editing step: rapid access natural-product-inspired bispiro[oxindole-oxazinane] hybrids
Authors: Shi Qing-Hui , Wang Yu-Heng , Chen Zi-Yue , Wang Xi-Rui , Zhang Wen-Hui , Tian Fang-Li , Peng Li-Jun , Zhou Ying , Liu Xiong-Li
Published: May 2023

An unprecedented example of skeletal editing of pyrrolidines to 1,2-oxazinanes expands the applicability scope of “single-atom” skeletal-editing technologies.
In situ oxidized TiO2/MXene ultrafiltration membrane with photocatalytic self-cleaning and antibacterial properties
Authors: Xu Shunkai , Zhao Changrong , Li Guangchao , Shi Zhou , Liu Bin
Published: May 2023

Self-cleaning, antimicrobial ultrafiltration membranes are urgently needed to alleviate the low flux problems caused by membrane fouling in water treatment processes.
New 1,3,4-thiadiazoles as potential anticancer agents: pro-apoptotic, cell cycle arrest, molecular modelling, and ADMET profile
Authors: Hekal Mohamed H. , Farag Paula S. , Hemdan Magdy M. , El-Sayed Amira A. , Hassaballah Aya I. , El-Sayed Wael M.
Published: May 2023

Compound 19 arrested the MCF-7 cells at the G2/M phase probably through inhibition of CDK1 and elicited apoptosis. It did not violate Lipinski's rule of five and has a low blood brain barrier penetration and high intestinal absorption.
Metal nanoparticles supported on a nonconductive oxide undergo pH-dependent spontaneous polarization
Authors: Wesley Thejas S. , Hülsey Max J. , Westendorff Karl S. , Lewis Noah B. , Crumlin Ethan J. , Román-Leshkov Yuriy , Surendranath Yogesh
Published: May 2023

Using infrared and near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, we demonstrate that changing the solution pH modulates the electrochemical potential of metal nanoparticles supported on nonconductive metal oxides by over 400 mV.
PET recycling under mild conditions via substituent-modulated intramolecular hydrolysis
Authors: Zhang Shengbo , Xue Yingying , Wu Yanfen , Zhang Yu-Xiao , Tan Ting , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: May 2023

A set of substituted binuclear zinc catalysts are employed to investigate the structure–activity relationship in PET hydrolysis, which leads to the identification of a new catalyst with four times more activity than the methyl-substituted one.
Cascade nanozymatic network mimicking cells with selective and linear perception of H2O2
Authors: Zhu Caixia , Zhou Zhixin , Gao Xuejiao J. , Tao Yanhong , Cao Xuwen , Xu Yuan , Shen Yanfei , Liu Songqin , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: May 2023

A cascade network is built using nanozymes, reminiscent of hypotheses of nonbiological matters as the origin of evolution. It shows selective recognition against 20+ interferences and linear perception of H2O2of different concentrations.
Cu(ii)-mediated direct intramolecular cyclopropanation of distal olefinic acetate: access to cyclopropane-fused γ-lactones
Authors: Wang Yulong , Shen Shenyu , He Chonglong , Zhou Youkang , Zhang Keyuan , Rao Bin , Han Tian , Su Yaqiong , Duan Xin-Hua , Liu Le
Published: May 2023

A highly atom- and step-economy and diastereoselective copper-mediated direct intramolecular cyclopropanation method to synthesize cyclopropane-fused γ-lactones and lactams from distal olefinic acetate was disclosed.
Photocatalyzed Dowd–Beckwith radical-polar crossover reaction for the synthesis of medium-sized carbocyclic compounds
Authors: Singha Tushar , Kadam Ganesh Arjun , Hari Durga Prasad
Published: May 2023

A redox-neutral decarboxylative Dowd–Beckwith radical-polar crossover strategy has been developed to access medium-sized rings. The method shows broad applicability across a range of nucleophiles and redox-active esters with various ring sizes.
Base metal iron catalyzed sustainable oxidation of vanillyl alcohol to vanillic acid in deep eutectic solvents and implementation of vanillic acid for fine-chemical synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Rahul , Panda Surajit , MahaKhuda Ashutosh , Saha Ratnakar , Bagh Bidraha
Published: May 2023

In the modern era, sustainable development for the production of fine chemicals from abundant biomass by utilizing various chemical transformations has become a strong trend of research in the scientific community.
Low-temperature pyrolysis enables FeNi3 nanoparticle implanted N-doped carbon nanosheets as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Xin Rong , Liu Yijiang , Li Xuxin , Yi Shicheng , Zhang Mingyue , Chen Hongbiao , Li Huaming , Lin Zhiqun
Published: May 2023

The electrocatalyst FeNi3/NCS was prepared via the low-temperature pyrolysis of the melamine tube@FeNi-LDH heterostructure, which delivered impressive activity and stability towards water splitting with a low cell potential of 1.53 V at 10 mA cm−2.
Tree-inspired braiding fibrous frameworks enabling high-efficiency and salt-rejecting solar evaporation
Authors: Xu Duo , Ge Can , Chen Ze , Liu Yingcun , Chen Tao , Gao Chong , Liu Keshuai , Xu Weilin , Zhang Qian , Fang Jian
Published: May 2023

The morphology of trees with strong trunks and lush leaves was mimicked to regulate the micro/macrostructure distribution and illumination area. A rational structural engineering strategy is proposed to perform stable desalination.
Novel entropy-stabilized fluorite oxides with multifunctional properties
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Bérardan David , Brisset Francois , Dragoe Diana , Dragoe Nita
Published: May 2023

Entropy-stabilized fluorite oxides having multifunctional properties.
A calcium hydroxide/oleic acid/phospholipid nanoparticle induced cancer cell apoptosis by the combination of intracellular calcium overload and lactic acidosis elimination
Authors: Zhou Fei , Yang Yang , Liu Yuying , Deng Haotian , Rong Jianhua , Zhao Jianhao
Published: May 2023

In this study, we developed a calcium hydroxide/oleic acid/phospholipid nanoparticle to induce cancer cell apoptosis by the combination of intracellular calcium overload and lactic acidosis elimination.
Liposome-tethered supported lipid bilayer platform for capture and release of heterogeneous populations of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Yeh Po-Ying , Chen Jia-Yang , Shen Mo-Yuan , Che Ting-Fang , Lim Syer Choon , Wang Jocelyn , Tsai Wen-Sy , Frank Curtis W. , Huang Chun-Jen , Chang Ying-Chih
Published: May 2023

A new CTC isolation microfluidic platform, LIPO-SLB, was developed for high CTC capture efficiency, viability, and selectivity, independent of the EpCAM expression levels of cancer cells.
Synergistic antibacterial action of lignin-squaraine hybrid photodynamic therapy: advancing towards effective treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Authors: Ferdinandus  , Joo Chaemin , Kai Dan , Lee Chi-Lik Ken
Published: May 2023

SQR29 organophotosensitizer was encapsulated into poly(lignin/PEG/PPG urethane) to form a hydrogel (LSQR29), providing excellent antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) property to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in wound infection.
Flexible Janus-structured porous fluorescent nanofibers with white-light emission
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Zhao Shikun , Qin Zhen , Lv Yuhuan , Zhu Han , Zhao Biao , Pan Kai
Published: May 2023

Flexible porous Janus-structured fluorescent nanofibers with efficient white-light emission and excellent hydrophobicity are obtained via a side-by-side electrospinning technique.
On the outage probability of energy harvested cooperative multiuser cognitive NOMA network
Authors: Huang Haiyan , Shi Yujie , Liang Linlin , Zhang Xuejun , Wang Chunli
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates a multiple users cooperative cognitive non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network with energy harvesting. Primary transmitter and secondary sources serving as energy‐constrained nodes harvest energy from the power beacon PBS. In primary network, primary transmitter sends signals towards primary receiver. In order to make full use of spectrum resources, the secondary network access the licensed spectrum of primary network with overlay mode, where the best secondary source with maximum transmission signal‐to‐noise ratio between primary transmitter and secondary sources act as relays to forward signal via NOMA principle. In this context, two cooperative transmission protocols, namely, traditional NOMA cooperative transmission and adaptive NOMA cooperative transmission are proposed. For NOMA cooperative transmission, relays use NOMA to forward the superimposed signal of primary signal and secondary signal without any constrain. However, for adaptive NOMA cooperative transmission, relays use NOMA by judging whether the transmission between primary transmitter and primary receiver is successful or not. Primary receiver merges signals received from two transmission slots by selection combining. Finally, exact and asymptotic outage probability of primary network and secondary network with two cooperative transmissions are derived and simulated. It is shown that outage performance is improved for the proposed adaptive NOMA cooperative transmission.
Incorporating public feedback in service restoration for electric distribution networks
Authors: Zhong Jun , Wang Caisheng , Xie Kaigui , Hu Bo
Published: May 2023

Power outages in urban area carry heavy social and economic costs. Although social cost, especially public sentiment, is concerned by engineers and managers, it has been only qualitatively investigated without a rigorous model in the state‐of‐the‐art research and practice of service restoration (SR) for a long time. To fill this gap, this paper investigates a hybrid model which takes public sentiment into consideration by quantifying public sentiment triggered by power outage. Furthermore, conventional SR method focused on the optimization model with ideal conditions, which leaves a large room for improvement in complex environment. To improve the robustness of the model, the authors propose a reinforcement learning framework to analyze emergency management process without prior rules. At each time step, the optimal decision can be made automatically by a learned model. The numerical simulations with modified IEEE 33‐bus and IEEE 123‐bus systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Self‐supervised depth completion with multi‐view geometric constraints
Authors: Xiong Mingkang , Zhang Zhenghong , Liu Jiyuan , Zhang Tao , Xiong Huilin
Published: May 2023

Self‐supervised learning‐based depth completion is a cost‐effective way for 3D environment perception. However, it is also a challenging task because sparse depth may deactivate neural networks. In this paper, a novel Sparse‐Dense Depth Consistency Loss (SDDCL) is proposed to penalize not only the estimated depth map with sparse input points but also consecutive completed dense depth maps. Combined with the pose consistency loss, a new self‐supervised learning scheme is developed, using multi‐view geometric constraints, to achieve more accurate depth completion results. Moreover, to tackle the sparsity issue of input depth, a Quasi Dense Representations (QDR) module with triplet branches for spatial pyramid pooling is proposed to produce more dense feature maps. Extensive experimental results on VOID, NYUv2, and KITTI datasets show that the method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art self‐supervised depth completion methods.
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE)
Authors: Boselli A. , Fossati M. , Côté P. , Cuillandre J. C. , Ferrarese L. , Gwyn S. , Amram P. , Ayromlou M. , Balogh M. , Bellusci G. , Boquien M. , Gavazzi G. , Hensler G. , Longobardi A. , Nelson D. , Pillepich A. , Roediger J. , Sanchez-Janssen R. , Sun M. , Trinchieri G.
Published: May 2023

We use a complete set of deep narrow-band imaging data for 384 galaxies gathered during the Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) to derive the first Hαluminosity function of the Virgo cluster within its virial radius. The data, which are sensitive to the emission of a single O-early B ionising star, allow us to cover the whole dynamic range of the Hαluminosity function (1036 ≤ L(Hα)≤1042erg s−1). After they are corrected for [NII] contamination and dust attenuation, the data are used to derive the star formation rate function in the range 10−4 ≲ SFR ≲ 10 M⊙yr−1. These luminosity functions are derived for gas-rich and gas-poor systems and for objects belonging to the different substructures of the Virgo cluster. They are then compared to those derived at other frequencies or using different tracers of star formation in Virgo, in other nearby and high-zclusters, in the field, and finally to those predicted by the IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulations (TNG50 and TNG100). The Hαluminosity function of the Virgo cluster is fairly flat (α = −1.07 when fitted with a Schechter function) in the range 1038.5 ≲ L(Hα)≲1040.5erg s−1, and it abruptly decreases at lower luminosities. When compared to those derived for other nearby clusters and for the field, the slope and the characteristic luminosity of the Schechter function change as a function of the dynamical mass of the system, of the temperature of the X-rays gas, and of the dynamical pressure exerted on the interstellar medium of galaxies moving at high velocity within the intracluster medium. All these trends can be explained in a scenario in which the activity of star formation of galaxies is reduced in massive clusters due to their hydrodynamical interaction with the surrounding medium, suggesting once again that ram-pressure stripping is the dominant mechanism affecting galaxy evolution in local clusters of dynamical massMcluster ≳ 1014 M⊙. The comparison with the IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulations shows a more pronounced decrease at the faint end of the distribution. If the Virgo cluster is representative of typical nearby clusters of similar mass, this difference suggests that the stripping process in simulated galaxies in these environments is more efficient than observed.
A ROTEM-guided algorithm aimed to reduce blood product utilization during neonatal and infant cardiac surgery
Authors: Naguib Aymen N. , Carrillo Sergio A. , Corridore Marco , Bigelow Amee M. , Walczak Ashley , Tram Nguyen K. , Hersey Diane , Galantowicz Mark , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: May 2023

Background: Neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery tend to receive high volumes of blood products. The use of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) has been shown to reduce the administration of blood products in adults after cardiac surgery. We sought to develop a targeted administration of blood products based on ROTEM®to reduce blood product utilization during and after neonatal and infant cardiac surgery.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of data from a single center for neonates and infants undergoing congenital cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) from September 2018-April 2019 (control group). Then, using a ROTEM®algorithm, we collected data prospectively between April-November 2021 (ROTEM group). Data collected included age, weight, gender, procedure, STAT score, CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time, volume, and type of blood products administered in the operating room and cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU). In addition, ROTEM®data, coagulation profile in CTICU, chest tube output at 6 and 24 hours, use of factors concentrate, and thromboembolic complications were recorded.Results: The final cohort of patients included 28 patients in the control group and 40 patients in the ROTEM group. The cohort included neonates and infants undergoing the following procedures: arterial switch, aortic arch augmentation, Norwood procedure, and comprehensive stage II procedure. There were no differences in the demographics or procedure complexity between the two groups. Patients in the ROTEM®group received fewer platelets (36 ± 12 vs. 49 ± 27 mL/kg, p 0.028) and cryoprecipitate (8 ± 3 vs. 15 ± 10 mL/kg, p 0.001) intraoperatively when compared to the control group.Conclusion: The utilization of ROTEM®may have contributed to a significant reduction in some blood product administration during cardiac surgery for infants and neonates. ROTEM®data may play a role in reducing blood product administration in neonatal and infant cardiac surgery.
Messung der Körpertemperatur beim Schwein: Können Infrarotthermometer eine Alternative sein?
Authors: Koch Felicitas , Pieper Robert , Fischer-Tenhagen Carola
Published: May 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel Die Körpertemperatur ist ein wichtiger Befund in der Beurteilung der Allgemeingesundheit von Tieren. Als „Goldstandard“ wird die Körperinnentemperatur rektal gemessen, was eine Fixierung der Tiere erfordert. Dies kann bei Tieren Stress erzeugen. Stress wird als Belastung der Tiere bewertet und kann zudem zu einer Erhöhung der Körpertemperatur führen. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Messung der Körperoberflächentemperatur mit 2 Infrarotthermometern als alternative Messmethode zur rektalen Messung der Körperinnentemperatur zu prüfen.

Material und Methoden In der Studie wurde bei 12 männlichen Mastschweinen über 11 Wochen einmal wöchentlich die Körperinnentemperatur mit einem Rektalthermometer und die Körperoberflächentemperatur mit 2 Infrarotthermometern (IRT1 und IRT2) je an Stirn, kaudaler Ohrbasis und Anus gemessen.

Ergebnisse Im gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum blieben die Schweine klinisch gesund. Bei 10 kurz aufeinanderfolgenden Messungen hatten die mit dem Rektalthermometer und mit IRT1 am Anus gemessenen Werte die geringste Varianz. Es bestand keine Varianzhomogenität zwischen den Messwerten der 3 Thermometer. Der Vergleich der Thermometer und Messpunkte zeigte, dass die Mittelwerte der gemessenen Körpertemperatur sich signifikant unterschieden (p<0,05). Der Typ des Thermometers und die Messpunkte hatten einen mittleren bis starken Effekt auf die Werte. Das Bland-Altman-Diagramm zeigt, dass die Unterschiede der Werte der Thermometer und Messpunkte zwar im akzeptablen Schwankungsbereich liegen (95%-Intervall), für die klinische Beurteilung der Körpertemperatur der Schwankungsbereich aber zu groß ist.

Schlussfolgerung Die Wiederholbarkeit der Messwerte mit IRT auf der Körperoberfläche von Schweinen ist akzeptabel. Die Korrelation zur rektal gemessenen Körperinnentemperatur ist allerding gering bis moderat.

Klinische Relevanz Für die Verwendung von IRT zur Gesundheitsüberwachung ist es notwendig, klinische Referenzwerte für die einzelnen Messpunkte und Thermometertypen zu ermitteln. Ob hyper-oder hyothermische Ereignisse mit IRT erkannt werden, erfordert weitere Untersuchungen.
Gehäuftes Auftreten von Staphylococcus-aureus-Mastitiden in einer Milchviehherde: Ein Fallbericht
Authors: Wieland Matthias , Mann Sabine
Published: May 2023

Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt einen Fall gehäuften Auftretens von Staphylococcus-aureus-Mastitiden in einer Milchviehherde. Daten der Milchleistungsprüfung, bakteriologische Milchprobenergebnisse, Aufzeichnungen über das Auftreten klinischer Mastitiden einschließlich deren Verlauf und Einfluss auf den Verbleib in der der Herde betroffener Tiere sowie die Beurteilung der Melkroutine wurden zur Abklärung herangezogen. Die Melkroutine sowie das Behandlungsprotokoll für Tiere mit einer Staphylococcus-aureus-Infektion wurden als mögliche Risikofaktoren identifiziert. Umgesetzte Maßnahmen beinhalteten Veränderungen in der Melkroutine und dem Behandlungsprotokoll für infizierte Tiere sowie Keulung oder Abtrennung bereits infizierter Tiere.
Die Leberverfettung der Milchkuh: Teil 1
Authors: Martens Holger
Published: May 2023

Die Fettleber von Milchkühen ist seit vielen Jahren bekannt und bedingt
durch eine vermehrte Aufnahme von freien Fettsäuren (NEFA) in die
Leberzellen und unzureichender Metabolisierung in Relation zur Abgabe der NEFA
als resynthetisierte Triglyzeride (TG). Die Pathogenese der Fettleber umfasst a)
eine erhöhte Lipolyse im Fettgewebe mit einem Anstieg der freien
Fettsäuren (NEFA) Konzentration im Blut, b) die Aufnahme von NEFA in die
Leberzellen proportional der Konzentration, c) die Metabolisierung der NEFA
(Oxidation, Bildung von Ketonkörpern), d) die erneute Synthese von TG
bzw. von very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) und e) deren Abgabe. An diesen
Schritten (a–e) sind hormonelle Veränderungen maßgeblich
beteiligt. Es handelt sich um den Anstieg des Wachstumshormons (GH), eine
ausgeprägte Insulinresistenz in Verbindung mit einem Abfall der Insulin-
und IGF-1-Konzentration im Blut. Als Folge dieser hormonellen
Veränderungen ergibt sich mit steigender Milchleistung eine Entkoppelung
der GH-IGF-1-Achse in der Leber mit einer vermehrten Lipolyse im Fettgewebe,
Freisetzung von NEFA und den o.a. Konsequenzen. Diese Veränderungen sind
assoziiert mit Entzündungserscheinungen, oxidativen und
endoplasmatischen Stress. Die hormonellen Veränderungen mit den
metabolischen Konsequenzen sind das Ergebnis der primären Selektion auf
hohe Milchleistung ohne bedarfsgerechte Futteraufnahme und als Ursache der
Pathogenese der Leberverfettung und Ketose und deren Folgeerkrankungen
(„Produktionskrankheiten“) anzusehen.
Arsenic trioxide-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells: The role of necroptosis
Authors: Jamil Maryam , Mohammadi-Bardbori Afshin , Safa Omid , Nikpoor Amin Reza , Bakhtari Azizollah , Mokhtarinejad Mahnoosh , Zadeh Saghar Naybandi , Shadboorestan Amir , Omidi Mahmoud
Published: May 2023

Introduction Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers globally. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is still present as a highly effective drug in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Chemotherapy resistance is one of the major problems in cancer therapy. Necroptosis, can overcomes resistance to apoptosis, and can promote cancer treatment. This study examines the necroptosis pathway in A549 cancer cells exposed to ATO.

Methods We used the MTT test to determine the ATO effects on the viability of A549 cells at three different time intervals. Also, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were performed in three-time intervals. The effect of ATO on apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V / PI staining and, the RIPK1 and MLKL gene expression were measured by Real-Time PCR.

Results The ATO has dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effects, so at 24, 48, and 72 h, the IC50 doses were 33.81 ‘11.44 ‘2.535 µM respectively. A 50 μM ATO is the most appropriate to increase the MMP loss significantly at all three times. At 24 and 48 h after exposure of cells to ATO, the ROS levels increased. The RIPK1 gene expression increased significantly compared to the control group at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM; however, MLKL gene expression decreased.

Conclusions The A549 cells, after 48 h exposure to ATO at 50 and 100 μM, induces apoptosis and necroptosis. Due to the reduced expression of MLKL, it can be concluded that ATO is probably effective in the metastatic stage of cancer cells.
Imaging of Müller-Weiss Disease
Authors: Carrascoso Javier , Monteagudo Manuel , Llopis Eva , Jiménez Mar , Recio Manuel , Maceira Ernesto
Published: May 2023

Müller-Weiss disease (MWD) is the result of a dysplasia of the tarsal navicular bone. Over the adult years, the dysplastic bone leads to the development of an asymmetric talonavicular arthritis with the talar head shifting laterally and plantarly, thus driving the subtalar joint into varus. From a diagnostic point of view, the condition may be difficult to differentiate from an avascular necrosis or even a stress fracture of the navicular, but fragmentation is the result of a mechanical impairment rather than a biological dysfunction.

Standardized weight-bearing radiographs (anteroposterior and lateral views) of both feet are usually enough to diagnose MWD. Other imaging modalities such as multi-detector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in early cases for the differential diagnosis can add additional details on the amount of cartilage affected, bone stock, fragmentation, and associated soft tissue injuries. Failure to identify patients with paradoxical flatfeet varus may lead to an incorrect diagnosis and management. Conservative treatment with the use of rigid insoles is effective in most patients. A calcaneal osteotomy seems to be a satisfactory treatment for patients who fail to respond to conservative measures and a good alternative to the different types of peri-navicular fusions. Weight-bearing radiographs are also useful to identify postoperative changes.
Lunotriquetral Coalition
Authors: Mertens Kris , Mespreuve Marc , Vanhoenacker Filip M.
Published: May 2023

Lunotriquetral (LT) coalition is the most common carpal coalition. Four morphological types of LT coalition have been described. LT coalition is usually asymptomatic, but rarely a fibrocartilaginous type may cause ulnar wrist pain. We report a case of bilateral asymptomatic LT coalition that was seen incidentally on conventional radiography taken after a wrist injury. Conventional radiography is the first imaging technique to detect and classify this type of LT coalition. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool to investigate possible associated pathology of the carpal joints, particularly if surgical treatment of a symptomatic patient is anticipated.
Fatores associados à reinternação em até 30 dias após a alta e à mortalidade intra-hospitalar após cirurgia por fratura do fêmur proximal em idosos: coorte retrospectiva
Authors: Pinto Alex Fabiano Dias , Teatini Clarissa Moreira , Avelar Núbia Carelli Pereira de , Leopoldino Amanda Aparecida Oliveira , Moura Isabel Cristina Gomes
Published: May 2023

Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados à reinternação em até 30 dias após a alta (R30) e à mortalidade intra-hospitalar (MIH) em idosos submetidos a cirurgia por fratura do fêmur proximal (FFP).

Métodos Coorte retrospectiva com dados de 896 prontuários de idosos (≥ 60 anos) submetidos a cirurgia de FFP em hospital brasileiro, no período entre novembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2019. Os pacientes incluídos foram acompanhados desde a data de internação para a cirurgia até 30 dias após a alta. Como variáveis independentes, foram avaliados o sexo, idade, estado civil, hemoglobina (Hb) pré e pós-operatória, razão normalizada internacional, tempo da internação relacionada à cirurgia, tempo porta cirurgia, comorbidades, cirurgias prévias, uso de medicamentos e escore da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA).

Resultados A incidência de R30 foi de 10,2% (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 8,3–12,3%) e a de MIH foi 5,7% (IC95%: 4,3–7,4%). Referente a R30, no modelo ajustado, associaram-se ter hipertensão (odds ratio [OR]: 1,71; IC95%: 1,03–2,96), uso regular de medicamentos psicotrópicos (OR: 1,74; IC95%: 1,12–2,72). Tratando-se da MIH, maiores chances estiveram associadas à doença renal crônica (DRC) (OR: 5,80; IC95%: 2,64–12,31), maior tempo de internação (OR: 1,06; IC95%: 1,01–1,10) e R30 (OR: 3,60; IC95%: 1,54–7,96). Maiores valores de Hb pré-operatória associaram-se à menor chance de mortalidade (OR: 0,73; IC95%: 0,61–0,87).

Conclusão Os achados sugerem que a ocorrência destes desfechos está associada à comorbidades, medicamentos e Hb.
Interpretable early warning recommendations in interactive learning environments: a deep-neural network approach based on learning behavior knowledge graph
Authors: Xia Xiaona , Qi Wanxue
Published: May 2023

Early warning recommendation is crucial for tracking learning behavior and represents a significant issue in interactive learning environments. However, an interactive learning environment-based learning process may not always achieve expected goals, leading to inefficient or ineffective learning behavior and negative emotions. Additionally, many learners fail assessments due to these issues. To address this problem, this study proposes relevant test problems for interpretable early warning recommendations based on massive learning behavior instances and potential relationships. We design an applicable learning analysis model, namely a deep-neural network based on the knowledge graph of learning behavior, and verify its feasibility and reliability through extensive experiments and data analysis. Our results demonstrate that the interactive learning process must match multi-factor analysis at different temporal sequences to determine key temporal sequences or intervals. This is limited by the classification of learning contents and interpretable concepts, which provide effective reference for subsequent learning content with similar concept classes and knowledge structures. Our approach recommends effective learning behavior in appropriate temporal sequences as soon as possible or constructs feasible intervention measures to improve learners’ participation. This research deepens and expands early warning by proposing a feasible new method and obtaining key conclusions with vital practical significance.
Novel Biosensing Platform Promises Practical and Precise Point-of-Care Virus Detection
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: May 2023

Subwavelength grating micro-ring resonators can identify multiple analytes for diagnosis and distinction between COVID-19 and Influenza.
A point-of-care biosensor for rapid detection and differentiation of COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus using subwavelength grating micro-ring resonator
Authors: Ning Shupeng , Chang Hao-Chen , Fan Kang-Chieh , Hsiao Po-Yu , Feng Chenghao , Shoemaker Devan , Chen Ray T.
Published: May 2023

In the context of continued spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of new variants, the demand for rapid, accurate, and frequent detection is increasing. Moreover, the new predominant strain, Omicron variant, manifests more similar clinical features to those of other common respiratory infections. The concurrent detection of multiple potential pathogens helps distinguish SARS-CoV-2 infection from other diseases with overlapping symptoms, which is significant for providing tailored treatment to patients and containing the outbreak. Here, we report a lab-on-a-chip biosensing platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on the subwavelength grating micro-ring resonator. The sensing surface is functionalized by specific antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which could produce redshifts of resonant peaks by antigen–antibody combination, thus achieving quantitative detection. Additionally, the sensor chip is integrated with a microfluidic chip featuring an anti-backflow Y-shaped structure that enables the concurrent detection of two analytes. In this study, we realized the detection and differentiation of COVID-19 and influenza A H1N1. Experimental results indicate that the limit of detection of our device reaches 100 fg/ml (1.31 fM) within 15 min detecting time, and cross-reactivity tests manifest the specificity of the optical diagnostic assay. Furthermore, the integrated packaging and streamlined workflow facilitate its use for clinical applications. Thus, the biosensing platform presents a promising approach for attaining highly sensitive, selective, multiplexed, and quantitative point-of-care diagnosis and distinction between COVID-19 and influenza.