bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BALANCE DE LA DESIGUALDAD Y EL GASTO PÚBLICO EN ESPAÑA. ESPACIO ABIERTO DE LUCHA SOCIAL
Authors: Ferrer Sánchez Albert
Published: March 2019

Este artículo analiza la evolución de la pobreza y la desigualdad social en España (2007-2016). Indaga sobre su incremento de nivel actual y ofrece datos sobre el gasto público asociado. Por último, rastrea algunas de las consecuencias sociales que implica la persistencia de estos fenómenos sociales, su reflejo en la opinión pública española y su implicación en alguna de las movilizaciones sociales actuales, como es el caso de la que están protagonizando los jubilados.
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease at the Department of Child Health, School of Medicine University of North Sumatera/ Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan (1983 - 1985)
Authors: Naim Mahruzzaman , Tjipta Guslihan Dasa , Siregar A. Afif , Halim Sahat
Published: March 2019

A retrospective study on rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in children was conducted at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medon, during 1983 - 1985. The patients consisted of 43 females and 30 males. Most of the patients were over 12 years of age. Of the 73 patients there were 60 patients (82,19%) accompanied by valvular disorders. The most frequent major criteria of Jones found in this study were carditis and polyarthritis. Thirty one patients (42.46%) had functional status (NYHA) of grade II - IV, and 43 patients (58.90%) had cardiomegaly. The major ECG findings were enlargement of the atria or ventricles and first degree A V block. Compliance was only achieved in 25 (34.24%) cases. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease are still remain a challenge for the medical professionals in tireregion to cope with.
Capturing and Delivering Value in the Trans-Atlantic Air Travel Market: The Case of the Air France-KLM, Delta Air Lines, and Virgin Atlantic Airways Strategic Joint Venture
Authors: Baxter Glenn
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a case study of the Air France-KLM, Delta Air Lines, and Virgin Atlantic transatlantic joint venture, one of the world’s largest strategic passenger joint ventures. The study used a qualitative research approach. The data gathered for the study was examined by document analysis. The strategic analysis of the joint venture was based on the use of Porter’s Five Forces Model. The study found that the joint venture has evolved over time through the addition of KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Alitalia, and Virgin Atlantic Airways to the original joint venture between Air France and Delta Air Lines. The joint venture has provided significant synergistic benefits to the partners and has allowed the partners to access new markets and to participate in the evolution of the transatlantic air travel market, one of the world’s major air travel markets. The joint venture has also enabled the venture partners to enhance their competitive position through strengthened service offerings, a comprehensive route network that offers customers a high level of connectivity, and greater flight frequencies within their own route networks, all of which creates value for the partners. A limitation of the study was that the annual revenue, revenue passenger kilometres performed, or passenger load factors data was not available. It was, therefore, not possible to analyze the business performance of the joint venture.
An archaeological textile from the Monastery of Pombeiro: between conservation and perception
Authors: Bruijne Marijke de , Monteiro Paula
Published: March 2019

Fragments of an archaeological textile were found in 2005 during the excavations of St. Mary Monastery of Pombeiro, Portugal. Investigation and conservation treatment took place in the textile department at José Figueiredo Laboratory (LJF) belonging to the Directorate General for Cultural Heritage (DGPC), in Lisbon. The textile is composed of several fragments. Despite the poor condition, metal threads are discernible. The purpose of this article is to reveal the mount, which was developed with a dual function: display and storage. Conserving the fragments and improving its appearance was a double target previously defined. The methodology employed requirements for conservation treatment and careful selection of materials will be disclosed.
Metal Speciation in Sediment from Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay Using of BCR Sequential Extraction Procedure
Authors: Lestari Lestari , Budiyanto Fitri
Published: March 2019

The assessment of the biological availability of metals is rarely used only by knowing the total concentration of the metal. Therefore, six sediment samples from Muara Angke, Teluk Jakarta were assessed the chemical speciation of heavy metals. This study aims to determine metal speciation using the BCR sequential extraction procedure and to determine metal speciation to evaluate bioavailability in the sediments of Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay. In sediment from Muara Angke, the ability to move sequence of heavy metals studied was Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni. The mostly accumulated in the non-residual fraction of the total concentrations are Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn which indicated that the mobility and anthropogenic inputs of these metals in Muara Angke were quite high. The Risk Assessment Code (RAC) reveal that Zn and Ni at almost station exist in exchangeable and a fraction of carbonate-bound and therefore high-risk category. Most of the Cu at most of the station is in the oxidizable fraction, except a small portion found at all station is in the exchangeable fraction and fraction of carbonate-bound thus posing a low risk for the waters environment. The patterns of Pb speciation show no to low risk to the waters environment. However, metal observations in the waters are necessary because they are persistent and can accumulate which threatening the water environment.
KANSHA TO WABI
Authors: Hesti Aprilia Nindia Rini Elizabeth Ika Hesti
Published: March 2019

Abstract  Greetings seems not important, but it is necessary in human relationship. Not to know how to use greetings can lead us to misunderstandings that would be bad for the relationship that has existed. Kansha (gratitude) and wabi (apology) is one of them. Kansha and wabi expressed using standard existing idiomatic expressions, describing the facts that occurred, describing the feeling of the speaker, an expression that is not a word. Keywords : greetings, kansha, wabi
PERBEDAAN STRATEGI KESANTUAN DALAM PERCAKAPAN UNTUK PEMBELAJAR BAHASAJEPANG TINGKAT SHOKYUU DAN TINGKAT CHUUKYUU
Authors: Wiyatasari Reny , P.Ratna Maharani
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to know the politeness strategy dan expressions which are exist in expressions contain of politeness strategy in Japanese conversation class for basic level and intermediate level. The data sources are the conversation part of book titled Minna No Nihongo Shokyuu 2 dan Minna No Nihongo Chuukyuu 1. Based on the analysis result, there are 110 datas found in basic level, and 68 datas are found in intermediate level. As a result, positive politeness strategy (sub strategy 2) is the most found politeness strategy in basic level, while negative politeness strategy (sub strategy 1) is the most found politeness strategy in intermediate level. The type of expressions that are found in expressions contain of positive politeness strategy (sub strategy 2), such as ～ndesuka（~んですか）, ~desuka (～ですか), while the type of expressions that are found in expressions contain of negative politeness strategy (sub strategy 1), such as Chotto~te mo ii desuka (ちょっと～てもいいですか), Chotto~te itadakenaideshouka (ちょっと～ていただけないでしょうか).
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON JAPANESE IDIOM WHICH LEXEM HAND
Authors: Ita Fitria
Published: March 2019

This research is aimed to explain relation of lexical meaning and figurative meaning on Japanese idiom which use part of body`s hand as well as to find out the change meaning of hand on Japanese idiom. The conclusion of the semantic analysis on Japanese idiom which use part of body`s hand is: (1) Japanese idiom have two syntaxes that is positive verb and negative form. (2)  te + ga + Adj.  structure syntaxes`s idiom doesn`t have negative form. (3)   one idiom possibly have different meaning (4) idiomatic meaning can be find out when right substance with left substance have compared.
Analisis Metode Elemen Hingga Artificial Hip Joint Saat Gerakan Salat
Authors: Candratama Aditya , Prasetyo Yogi , Jamari Jamari , Ismail Rifky , Haryanto Ismoyo
Published: March 2019

Fungsi utama sendi panggul adalah sebagai penopang tubuh manusia dalam melakukan berbagai aktivitas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Secara mekanis sambungan pada sendi panggul (hip joint) merupakan socket and ball joint yang menghubungkan antara fermur head dan pelvis acetabulum. Pada banyak kasus, sendi panggul ini dapat mengalami kerusakaan permanen yang disebabkan oleh  pengapuran, penuaan atau kecelakaan. Untuk kasus yang demikian tindakan penggantian sendi panggul dengan sendi panggul buatan (artificial hip joint replacement) sangat diperlukan. Akan tetapi untuk mencegah terjadinya kerusakan maka dalam penggunaan sendi panggul buatan ini diberikan pembatasan pada beberapa gerakan, diantaranya adalah jongkok, berlari, dan salat. Pembatasan ini tentu saja akan sangat membatasi aktivitas keseharian penyandangnya. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini analisis FEM sendi panggul dilakukan untuk menentukan tegangan yang terjadi pada gerakan yang dibatasi tersebut. Hasil analisis ini diperlukan sebagai pertimbangan agar dapat dirancang sendi panggul buatan yang tetap dapat memberikan kebebasan gerak bagi penyandangnya. Dalam penelitian ini pengukuran beban gaya reaksi atau ground reaction force (GRF) telah dilakukan pada kondisi saat penyandang sendi panggul buatan melakukan gerakan-gerakan salat. Gerakan salat ini dipilih karena merepresentasikan kombinasi gerakan-gerakan yang dibatasi. Hasil pengukuran GRF ini selanjutnya digunakan sebagai data beban dalam analisis tegangan menggunakan FEM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahswa besar tegangan  yang terjadi pada gerakan salat saat berdiri, ruku’ dan sujud masing-masing adalah 32,15 MPa; 32,46 MPa dan 21,6 MPa. Sedangkan pada saat duduk diantara dua sujud diperoleh tegangan sebesar 19,1 MPa untuk kaki kanan dan 9,3 MPa untuk kaki kiri. Adapun tegangan pada saat tahiyat akhir adalah  21,7 MPa untuk kaki kanan dan 26 MPa untuk kaki kiri
RANCANG BANGUN PENDETEKSI PSIKOLOGIS SESEORANG BERDASARKAN DETAK JANTUNG BERBASIS KOMPUTER
Authors: Hidayat Lalu Amam , Yudhana Anton
Published: March 2019

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di bidang elektronika dan instrumentasi dapat diciptakan alat-alat elektronik untuk menampilkan detak jantung. Namun perhitungan detak jantung masih dilakukan secara manual. Metode ini kurang akurat karena mengandalkan indra peraba manusia. Berbagai macam sensor yang digunakan untuk membantu menghitung detak jantung yaitu menggunakan pulse sensor. Penelitian ini menggunakan sensor heart rate yang diletakkan pada ujung jari. Cahaya LED menembus ujung jari diterima oleh rangkaian receiver kemudian diolah menjadi sebuah data digital oleh mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Data yang  iterima Arduino diteruskan melalui software processing untuk menampilkan keluaran pada layar komputer. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan data dari hasil pengujian adalah sensor heart rate mampu mendeteksi detak jantung saat kondisi rileks dan emosi. Detak jantung seseorang dalam keadaan emosi jumlah detaknya lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan keadaan rileks, karena saat emosi jantung memompa darah lebih cepat. Hasil pengujian menggunakan software processing berupa grafik dengan titik puncak P, Q, R, S, T.
Echa prasowe aktywności ministrów oświaty Bułgarii, Szwecji i Węgier odwiedzających Polskę w 1935 r.
Authors: Gołdyn Piotr
Published: March 2019

The renascent Polish state was being built in the interwar period (1918-1939), developing its position on all possible levels in the international arena. One of these was education and culture. Poland signed a lot of international agreements in this field. This was connected with visits by our ministerial representatives to other countries and with arranging visits in Poland for guests from different countries. In 1935 three ministers of education from abroad visited Poland: Teodor Radew (Bulgaria), Artur Engberg (Sweden) and Balaint Homan (Hungary). The visit of the first two ministers was connected with the signing of a Polish-Bulgarian and Polish-Swiss cultural agreement. The Hungarian minister of education came to Poland to assess the implementation of the agreement which had been signed between Poland and Hungary a year before. While staying in Poland, beside official meetings with the president and the ministers of education and foreign affairs, our guests visited different educational institutions in cities such as Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan or Vilnius. The press took a lively interest in those visits, reporting them on an ongoing basis. Apart from news reports, editorials and even articles appeared. These were devoted to some of the educational and cultural issues of our guests’ countries.
Characterization of fetal monocytes in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction
Authors: Alahakoon Thushari I. , Medbury Heather , Williams Helen , Fewings Nicole , Wang Xin M. , Lee Vincent W.
Published: March 2019

Background

There is little available data on fetal monocyte phenotype and function. A prospective cross-sectional pilot study was conducted to describe the cord blood monocyte subset phenotype in preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) as compared to normal pregnancy and maternal circulation.

Methods

Maternal and cord blood samples from 27 pregnancies were collected at delivery from normal pregnancy, PE, FGR and PE+FGR. The distribution of fetal monocyte subtypes was characterized by CD14 and CD16 expression using flow cytometry and compared for each clinical group using a classification of classical, intermediate and non-classical subsets.

Results

The intermediate monocytes were the dominant monocyte subset in the cord blood of PE and PE+FGR with an increase in the combined inflammatory monocyte subsets intermediate and non-classical in PE compared to normal pregnancy. The non-classical monocyte subset proportion was elevated in all pathological groups PE, FGR and PE+FGR. A significant reduction in the non-classical monocyte subset was observed in the cord blood of the normal pregnancy group as compared to the maternal circulation.

Conclusion

This study describes for the first time in the fetal circulation, dominant monocyte intermediate subsets and increased inflammatory subsets in PE as well as increased non-classical subsets in PE and FGR compared to normal pregnancy.
Gemeinschaft-Eigentum-Genossenschaft
Authors: Holzer Thorsten
Published: March 2019

Die enge Verquickung von gemeinschaftlichen Organisationsformen, hierbei insbesondere der Genossenschaft, und der kollektiven Nutzung von Bodenressourcen ist ein seit alters her bekanntes Phänomen, welches sich, wenn auch in veränderter Form, bis in die heutige Zeit erhalten hat. Diese enge Verflechtung von Genossenschaft und kollektiver Bodennutzung wurde dabei in besonderem Maße in der Genossenschaftstheorie Otto von Gierkes aufgegriffen. Gerade diese, aber auch die Bedeutung der Genossenschaft für Formen der kollektiven Bodennutzung in der heutigen Zeit, sollen den zentralen Anknüpfungspunkt des vorliegenden Aufsatzes bilden.
CROSS-PLATFORM PRACTICES FOR MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT OF AU-TOMATED TRADE ACCOUNTING
Authors: Kravchenko Ihor A. , Speranskyy Viktor  О.
Published: March 2019

The problem of single application development that can work in widely used modern mobile platforms (Android and iOS) is dicussed. Current situation in building of crossplatform applicatioons is studied. The choise of appropriate development tools has been ex-plained. The basic principles and rules of design and development of crossplatform mobile applications using chosen Xamarin.Forms tech-nology has been described. The paper consists of two parts. The first part describes purposes and benefits of used Xamarin.Forms crossplat-form technology and contains technical requirements. The Xamarin.Forms technology using with C# object oriented programming lan-guage. The second part describes the best practices of using this technology in current project: MVVM pattern definition for devlopement using best style OOP; C# asynchoronous programming for creating comfortable and fast for use application; custom controls creating used in current project for best UI experience; using platformspecific code with DependencyService; customization of standard controls with Renderers; final application optimization to reach maximum performance and minimum battery consumption at a time (results of battery time optimization are presented). Finally, studied and written about using of new features of Xamarin.Forms by big developers’ community. Examples of software code and application screenshots used in application are given. The work shows the stages of the development of the mobile business application modules, which is already used in commercial product; all of the given examples are thoroughly tested during the development process and in real work, that allowed to make conclusions about best practices. The use of the developed sowftware al-lowed increasing the efficiency of trade accounting due to decreasing of monotonous operations quantity and as a result, the decreasing of errors in staff work, that already gave opportunity for money economy.
Patrimonio universitario: las ediciones ilustradas de las obras de Ovidio en la Biblioteca Xeral de la Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Díez Platas Fátima
Published: March 2019

El rastreo de la obra ilustrada de Ovidio en las bibliotecas españolas que realiza la Biblioteca Digital Ovidiana ha desvelado en el Fondo Histórico de la Biblioteca Xeral de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela la presencia de un nutrido corpus de ejemplares de los siglos XV, XVI, XVII y XVIII. Desde los primeros incunables a la edición filológica que decide incorporar la imagen como información, pasando por las mejores traducciones ilustradas del poema mitológico, que ven la luz en el XVI, el gran siglo de las Metamorfosis, el fondo contiene una selección de la ilustración de la obra del poeta romano que constituye una muestra excepcional del patrimonio universitario de Galicia. Este artículo pretende presentar y analizar este corpus ovidiano para dar a conocer un conjunto de impresos a los que no se suele prestar atención desde el punto de vista de la ilustración.
Jardines en entornos patrimoniales de la zona media de Cáceres. Del “locus amoenus” al paisajismo actual
Authors: Lozano Bartolozzi Mª del Mar
Published: March 2019

Estudio de la proyección y construcción de algunos jardines especialmente singulares en la ciudad de Cáceres, en la Fundación Xavier de Salas en el Convento de La Coria en Trujillo y en el castillo de la Arguijuela de Abajo. Jardines que fueron proyectados pero no se realizaron, otros llevados a cabo que han desaparecido y por ultimo algunos que existen en la actualidad. Los que analizamos han sido proyectados para recuperar un patrimonio que tuvieron determinados castillos, conventos y casas solariegas o espacios abiertos en centros históricos y paisajes culturales.
Reinhold Niebuhr y el realismo agustiniano en Relaciones Internacionales: Hallazgos arqueológicos del giro postsecular en la disciplina
Authors: IRANZO DOSDAD Ángela
Published: March 2019

La influencia de las ideas religiosas en la Teoría de Relaciones Internacionales ha sido un tema poco explorado por la deriva secularista y cientificista de la disciplina. Sin embargo, bajo el giro postsecular, varios teóricos han empezado a problematizar los efectos político-normativos del paradigma de la secularización y a releer críticamente los orígenes y desarrollos de la teoría de Relaciones Internacionales. En este marco, el artículo estudia la influencia de san Agustín en los orígenes de la escuela realista. Analiza cuándo y cómo la obra agustiniana llegó al realismo clásico, a través de una relectura de los conceptos de naturaleza humana, historia y orden, formulados por el Obispo de Hipona en clave dialéctica. Asimismo, el artículo demuestra la influencia de estos conceptos agustinianos en la formulación del realismo esperanzado de Reinhold Niebuhr, reconocido como el padre de los realistas en Relaciones Internacionales.
Standard of civilization: The Histories of International Relations
Authors: PEÑAS ESTEBAN Francisco Javier
Published: March 2019

Fallecido hace un año, Paco fue fundador de esta revista en la que, en su memoria, publicamos en inglés uno de sus textos más reconocidos.Contents:I. Reason of state and homogeneity. II. Challenges to the order. III. Conversion and/or conquest. IV. European borders: the Mediterranean and the New World. 1. The Mediterranean as a border. 2. Second episode: the Requirement. V. European expansion: imperialism and civilization.  1. Third episode: the standard of civilization. 2. Fourth episode: division and tutelage of Africa.VI. Civilizing strands.
Pediatric Care in the Nonpediatric Emergency Department: Provider Perspectives
Authors: Jain Priya Narayanan , Choi Jaeun , Katyal Chhavi
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Most pediatric emergency visits are to nonpediatric emergency departments (EDs), and little is known about provider comfort level with pediatric patients. We aimed to assess providers’ comfort level caring for pediatric patients of different age groups and perceived resources and barriers to delivering evidence-based pediatric care.

METHODS:

We conducted an anonymous electronic survey of providers (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) in nonpediatric EDs in an urban area who admit to a single quaternary-care children’s hospital. Questions addressed provider comfort in examining, diagnosing, and treating patients across 4 age groups; access to management guidelines; resources for education; and benefits of feedback from inpatient providers. Comfort was assessed with a 5-point Likert scale, with “comfortable” being defined as a 4 or 5. The association between patient age and provider comfort was analyzed by using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS:

We surveyed 375 providers. Our response rate was 26% (14% nurse practitioners, 34% physician assistants, and 51% physicians). Of respondents, <50% report being comfortable caring for patients <3 months of age (46% examining, 38% diagnosing, 46% treating). Thirteen percent found it mostly or very easy to keep up with pediatric management guidelines (n = 12); cited barriers were time constraints, a lack of access to journals or pediatric experts, and low institutional priority due to low pediatric volume.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study suggests that nonpediatric ED providers’ comfort in caring for pediatric patients decreases with decreasing patient age. Less than half of providers report that they are comfortable managing patients <3 months old.
The cause of chronic prostatitis and prostate enlargement is a change in the vascular level and requires similar treatment: innovative Thermobalancing therapy
Authors: Simon Allen
Published: March 2019

INTRODUCTION: The outcomes of clinical studies show Thermobalancing therapy (TT) with Dr Allen’s Therapeutic Device (DATD) successfully helps men treat chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The purpose of this study is to compare the ratio of the causes of these diseases with their treatment.

METHODS: Two clinical trials observed dynamics of urinary symptoms, pain score and prostate volume in men with BPH and CP/CPPS after using the device for six months.  There were 124 men with BPH and 45 men with chronic prostatitis investigated in the treatment groups and the same number of men were in the control groups.

RESULTS: These studies have shown that TT with DATD reduced prostate volume from 45 mL to 31 mL (P<0.001) and, consequently, urinary symptoms from 14.2 to 4.9 (P<0.001)   in the treatment group of 124 patients with BPH. Pain score was reduced from 10.3 to 3.5 (P<0.001) and prostate volume decreased from 31 mL to 27 mL (P<0.001) in the treatment group of 45 men with CP/CPPS. In the control groups of 124 men with BPH and 45 men with CP/CPPS no difference in the symptoms and parameters was observed.

CONCLUSION: The clinical studies indicated that the cause of these chronic diseases lies at the vascular level, namely the pathological activity of capillaries. The focus of hypothermia in combination with the spontaneous expansion of capillaries creates pressure in the tissue of the prostate gland, causing inflammation in it as well as symptoms in men with CP/CPPS and prostate growth in men with BPH. TT with DATD proved to be effective in treating LUTS related to BPH and CP/CPPS. Therefore, the same therapy can be used for the treatment of both chronic prostatic diseases: BPH and CP/CPPS.
Sitotoksisitas dan Induksi Apoptosis Ekstrak Etanol Teripang holothuria atra Jaeger, 1833 pada beberapa Sel Kanker
Authors: Halimatushadyah Ernie , Da’i Muhammad , Nursid Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Teripang Holothuria atra merupakan biota laut yang banyak ditemukan di perairan Indonesia yang termasuk dalam filum Echinodermata dan berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sitotoksisitas dan induksi apoptosis ekstrak etanol teripang H. atra secara in vitro terhadap beberapa sel lestari. Pengujian sitotoksisitas dilakukan dengan metode MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) menggunakan sel HeLa, T47D, WiDr dan sel normal Vero, sedangkan uji induksi apoptosis dilakukan terhadap sel dengan hasil uji sitotoksisitas terbaik menggunakan metode flowcytometry dan double staining. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol  teripang H. atra mampu menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker HeLa, T47D dan WiDr. Nilai IC50 ekstrak H. atra terhadap ketiga sel tersebut masing-masing sebesar 41,06±4,21; 20,89±1,55; 26,50±4,43 µg/ml tetapi esktrak tersebut memiliki sitotoksisitas  yang lebih rendah terhadap sel Vero (IC50 sebesar 128,00). Analisis flowcytometry dan double staining pada sel T47D memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak etanol teripang H.atra mampu menginduksi apoptosis pada sel tersebut.
Karakterisasi Biokimia Lektin Makroalga Sargassum polycystum dan Turbinaria ornata/Biochemical Characterisation of Lectin Derived from Sargassum polycystum and Turbinaria ornata Macroalgae
Authors: Fajarningsih Nurrahmi Dewi , Intaqta Naomi , Praseptiangga Danar , Anam Choiroel , Chasanah Ekowati
Published: March 2019

Kemampuan lektin untuk mengikat karbohidrat secara spesifik dan reversible dapat dikembangkan dalam berbagai aplikasi, misalnya sebagai reagen histokimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari spesifisitas pengikatan lektin makroalga Sargassum polycystum dan Turbinaria ornata pada berbagai jenis karbohidrat, stabilitas aktivitas hemaglutinasi lektin pada berbagai rentang suhu dan pH, serta pengaruh kation divalen pada aktivitasnya. Uji penghambatan hemaglutinasi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dilakukan untuk mempelajari spesifisitas pengikatan lektin terhadap 20 jenis gula dan glikoprotein. Untuk melihat stabilitas aktivitasnya, lektin S. polycystum dan T. ornata diberi perlakuan pemanasan pada rentang suhu 30-100 oC, perlakuan pH 3-10 dan perlakuan kation divalen MgCl2 dan CaCl2 kemudian diuji aktivtitas hemagglutinasinya. Ekstrak kaya lektin S. polycystum dan T. ornata mampu mengenali dan mengikat 8 glikoprotein secara kualititatif, yaitu fetuin (Fe), asialo Fe (aFe), thyroglobulin from bovine (BTG), asialo BTG, thyroglobulin from porcine (PTG), asialo PTG (aPTG), asialo mucin from bovine submaxillary glands (aBSM), dan asialo transferrin (aTf), namun tidak mempunyai afinitas terhadap gula sederhana. Lektin S. polycystum memiliki spesifisitas pengikatan terbaik terhadap aFe dan transferrin (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration/MIC 250 µg/ml), sementara Lektin T. ornata memiliki spesifisitas pengikatan terbaik terhadap aPTG (MIC 31.25 µg/ml), PTG (MIC 125 µg/ml), dan BTG (MIC 250 µg/ml). Aktivitas hemaglutinasi lektin S. polycystum stabil pada suhu 30-80 oC dan suasana netral hingga basa (pH 7-10), namun kurang stabil pada suasana asam (pH 3-6). Aktivitas lektin T. ornata relatif tidak stabil pada suhu 40-100 oC, sedikit menurun pada pH sangat asam, namun stabil pada rentang pH 5-10. Keberadaan kation divalent Ca2+ dan Mg2+ sedikit menurunkan aktivitas lektin S. polycystum dan T. ornata.
Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops: Regulation Framework and Current Situation in Argentina
Authors: Mühl Marina
Published: March 2019

Worldwide, there are many Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops (IR-GMCs) planted with the purpose of controlling their many insect pests. All genetically modified (GM) plants have to pass through a regulatory system before being commercialized. In the case of Argentina, specific
information is requested for these particular GM crops. This review will cover all the data required of IR-GMCs in Argentina in relation to insect resistance to the insecticidal products expressed (the most common in Argentina: Bt proteins) as well as the current situation of Bt
crops in Argentina. From earliest times, man has used living organisms and their products in order to produce goods and services to meet their basic needs. For instance, man has modified, first unconsciously and then intentionally, the genome of many commodities so as to obtain improved cultivars.
Taking the example of maize, its ancestor, the teocintle, is different in appearance (compared to the maize we consume nowadays). The selection process, which has taken place over many years, introduced improvement in many phenotypic characteristics such as the size of the grain. This example
illustrates what is considered "Traditional Agrobiotechnology" or 'Traditional Plant Breeding'. The advent of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology in the second half of the 20th century has opened the door to "Modern Agrobiotechnology". The increase of agricultural production worldwide
is demanded by a constantly increasing global population. As result of this, man has taken advantage of this valued tool so as to produce more in the same amount of land in a sustainable and cost-effective way. Thus different kinds of crops have been genetically engineered around the world
with beneficial traits like insect resistance, herbicide tolerance and nutritional improvement. Worldwide, insects are a major cause of crop damage and yield loss, often requiring farmers to make multiple applications of chemical insecticides to control pests. For that reason, the commercial
release of IR-GMCs also called Insect-resistant biotech crops has been an important contribution from Modern Agrobiotechnology to increase the global agricultural production. By the end of 2016, the cultivated area under GM crops reached 185.1 million hectares. 53% of that area was planted
with IR-GMCs (single and stacked events with tolerance to herbicides). The commercialized genetically engineering crops that have protection against insect damage around the world are cotton, maize, soybean, potato, rice, tomato, eggplant and poplar. Insect-resistant biotech crops provide
a number of benefits, such as a reduction in the use of chemical insecticides, improvement in yield, quality and lower production costs compared to the conventional crops.
The Quality of Service Provision by Special Libraries for the Visually Challenged in Regional Scale
Authors: Andriyanova Tatyana
Published: March 2019

The study deals with the regional scale of the quality of services provided by special libraries for the visually challenged. Satisfaction with the quality of services provided by special institutions for persons with disabilities, as exemplified by the libraries for the visually challenged, helps to understand and identify current barriers. These barriers include physical ones of the infrastructure of cultural institutions, and other types – financial, social, educational, negatively affecting the quality of services. In the context of this issue the author considers it necessary to address the legal component of the service provision to persons with disabilities by cultural institutions. The main documents starting with the Declaration of human rights (1948) emphasize the need to create a type of social inclusion of persons with disabilities in every society and that would allow them to fully realize their civil rights. In practice, every person with disabilities encounters obstacles along the way. This also applies to special libraries for the visually challenged, who having sufficient experience in this field, can only become a division of public libraries. New Model standard of public libraries charges them to serve visually challenged users. This, in turn, can have a negative impact on the quality of services provided, as public libraries do not have appropriate capabilities, technical and human resources. The relevance of measuring the quality of services of special libraries for the visually challenged is due to their high importance as a social institution with universal opportunities to meet the basic needs of the visually impaired. The results of the study suggest a high satisfaction of visitors of special libraries for the visually challenged with the quality of services, which is one of the main criteria in assessing the work of cultural institutions of this type. Reaching the conclusions on the basis of the above-stated the author points out the need to improve the methodology for measuring the quality of services provided by special libraries for the visually challenged and the possibility for further study of this issue.
Plato’s “Republic”: Sample of Proto-Project Mental Activity and Primary Experience in the Design of New Social Forms
Authors: Rybalkina Polina
Published: March 2019

The author devotes the article to the analysis of Plato’s “Republic” in the context of the Genesis of project thinking and project activity as an anthropological result going back to the early stages of culture and primary personality-oriented ancient practices. The research attempts to trace the scheme of the movement of “project ideas” proposed by Plato “designer”. Later these ideas would be widely known as “an ideal state” and for many centuries would become a model of government. Plato’s “project ideas” considered by the author still remain in demand and are actively used in contemporary project cultural practices. For this purpose, the author makes the transition to the plane of historical and cultural retrospective of the origin of project thinking phenomenon with the objective twists and turns of its genesis. The author also attempts to reflect on this process, to study and clarify a number of points related to the prelude and dynamics of the development of the project approach to the organization of modern reality. At the same time, the text substantiates the author’s position on the interpretation of Plato’s “Republic” as an early typical example of Proto-project thinking formed in the depths of ancient cultural practices. Project thinking is a promising project of the existence of culture, a kind of matrix of self-realization of a significant part of our contemporaries. The main conclusion of the study is the ability to recognize the work of Plato “State” as one of the first samples of proto-design on the basis of the presence of a large number of typological features of design and the absence of a smaller number of such. We believe that Plato’s work “Republic” on most parameters falls under the concept of “project activity”, because in it we were able to identify most of the components of socio-cultural design.
Сhoice in Education: Subject, Content, Time Direction
Authors: Solovyev Andrey , Solovyeva Lyubov
Published: March 2019

The article deals with various aspects of the problem of choice in education. The authors analyze differences between subjects of educational activity in understanding of its purposes and definition of the necessary content of education. This discrepancy is due to both objective and subjective reasons. The interests of different subjects in education (training, student, state, civil society) can both coincide and compete and it leads to various forms of organization of educational activities. Considering the aims of education the authors turn to the ideas of Russian philosophy comparing such phenomena as "formal education" aimed at the development of intellectual abilities and "real education", solving the problem of knowledge transfer to the younger generation. Separately, we pointed out the importance of "educational knowledge" as a form of human knowledge and personal development. Taking into consideration the previous argument, we consider education in the context of its orientation on the principle of "future-present". Focus on the future implies its prediction. Possible mismatch of the desired results (forecast) with real achievements leads to a variety of risks of educational activities. Reducing this kind of risk is possible if we consider education as a mechanism for the formation of the "world of the future", a mechanism that contributes to building a more "predictable" reality. The implementation of the idea of "education with low significance of methodological pluralism", which involves the rejection of strict adherence to certain rules of activity, is considered as a strategy that does not involve focus on the future. In this case, the goal is not the result presented, for example, in the form of a set of knowledge, but the educational process itself. The study points to the prospects of studying education outside the time frame and considering it as a neverending process of human formation. The authors substantiate the idea of "continuous education" structuring human life in a certain way and promoting a compromise of interests of all subjects of educational activity.
Reading East of the Berlin Wall
Authors: Lishaugen Roar , Šmejkalová Jiřina
Published: March 2019

The end of the cold war brought countless changes and challenges to everyone east of the Berlin Wall. Words—both printed and spoken—changed their meanings virtually overnight, and texts from theindices librorum prohibitorum(“lists of prohibited books”) carefully compiled by Communist authorities began to flood the newly commercialized book market in print runs of hundreds of thousands. “Living in truth” (Havel), and reading in it, suddenly appeared feasible.
An Image in Lava: Annotation, Sentiment, and the Traces of Nineteenth-Century Reading
Authors: Stauffer Andrew M.
Published: March 2019

Drawing first on an annotated copy of the poetry of Felicia Hemans that my students discovered in the stacks of the University of Virginia's library, this essay goes on to examine the marks made by female readers in three nineteenth-century copies of Hemans's poetry to reveal the dynamics of sentiment in author-reader networks of Romantic and Victorian poetry. Seeing Hemans through the eyes of individual female readers surfaces a lost world in which poetry was valued as a collaborative, intimate language of the heart. Specific historical copies allow us best to apprehend this world, but, in the wake of wide-scale digitization, nineteenth-century books are simultaneously newly visible and newly at risk. This essay makes the case for retaining them and for integrating them into our accounts of nineteenth-century literary history.
Barrier performance of geosynthetic clay liners to copper (II) chloride solutions
Authors: Ören Ali Hakan , Öztürk Meriç , Özdamar Kul Tuğçe , Nart Zuhal
Published: March 2019

Three needle-punched geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) which had been manufactured with sodium (Na+) bentonite (Na-GCL) and polymerised sodium bentonites (PLS-GCL-1 and PLS-GCL-2) were permeated with 50 and 100 mM copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) solutions. The hydraulic conductivity of Na-GCL to 50 mM copper (II) chloride gradually increased to 7·7 × 10−9 m/s. In contrast, PLS-GCL-1 and PLS-GCL-2 had hydraulic conductivities of 1·5 × 10−11 and 4·2 × 10−11 m/s to 50 mM copper (II) chloride solution, respectively. Dissolution of polymers and precipitation of copper (II) (Cu2+) ions are two reasons for the low hydraulic conductivity. Metal fittings were replaced with plastic fittings, and hydraulic conductivity tests have been conducted with both solutions. The hydraulic conductivities were still low and were equal to 7·2 × 10−11 and 6·2 × 10−11 m/s with 50 and 100 mM copper (II) chloride solutions, respectively. Chemical analyses showed that cation replacements took place between bentonites and copper (II) ions. The effluents were abundant in monovalent and divalent cations which had been released from bentonites. In contrast, a considerable amount of copper (II) ions was detected in the effluents, indicating the start of the breakthrough tendency of GCLs to copper (II) ions.
The creep behaviour and permeability evolution of breccia lava in triaxial creep tests
Authors: Jia C. , Yu J. , Zuo J. , Eti-Inyenetrenchard I.
Published: March 2019

Breccia lava is a comparatively weaken rock material that has been widely distributed in the Southwest China. Its creep behaviour and permeability evolution are significantly important to the long-term safety and stability of rock engineering. This paper presents the experimental results of breccia lava under triaxial creep tests. The microstructure of the breccia lava before and after the creep tests was studied by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The results suggested that the erosion of calcite induced by pore-water pressure contributes greatly in increasing the permeability in creep stage.
Prediction of oedometer terminal densities through a memory-enhanced cyclic model for sand
Authors: Liu H. Y. , Pisanò F.
Published: March 2019

Predicting the cyclic response of soils is still challenging in many geotechnical applications. In this area, the continual efforts on the constitutive modelling of cyclic sand behaviour demand new and reliable dataset for model validation – even more so for loading conditions involving numerous loading cycles (‘high-cyclic’ loading). This paper concerns the recent memory-enhanced bounding surface formulation by Liu et al. as a suitable platform to reproduce the high-cyclic response of sands. New evidence of its suitability is provided based on the recent dataset published by Park and Santamarina, comprising the results of high-cyclic oedometer tests at varying initial/loading conditions. Model simulations show satisfactory agreement with experimental data, and prove the ability of the model to predict ‘terminal densities’ under confined cyclic compression.
A new approach of rock tension−compression cyclic measurement
Authors: Liu J. , Wang C. , Wu Z. , Wang L. , Xu H. , Pei J. , Deng C.
Published: March 2019

On the basis of the MTS815 rock mechanics test system, a new measurement set-up was developed to study the tension−compression cyclic behaviour of rocks. The new measurement set-up implements a completely reversed loading condition that is direct tensile stress loading and compressive stress loading. On the basis of the experimental observation, the developed measurement set-up can be easily applied for investigating the tension−compression cyclic behaviour of rock material. It is capable of monitoring the microcracking process by combining the developed measurement set-up and acoustic emission testing system. The axial misalignment of experimental set-up and the cylinder rigidity are the main factors affecting the availability of the new measurement method. When using this approach, the axial lines of the testing machine, the developed measurement set-up and the rock sample need to be aligned. The cylinder rigidity should be far greater than the stress level applied in the test.
Three-dimensional particle size and shape characterisation using structural light
Authors: Sun Q. , Zheng Y. , Li B. , Zheng J. , Wang Z.
Published: March 2019

Great advance has been witnessed in image-based particle size and shape characterisation methods for reproducing traditional sieve-based size and caliper-based shape measurements. However, discrepancies still existed due to the limitations of image-based methods, which include the difficulty of obtaining the third dimensions from two-dimensional images, the errors caused by the internal textures of particles, and the particle shadows due to non-uniform illumination. This paper presents a simple, effective and inexpensive structural light technique for eliminating these limitations. This technique can determine three principal dimensions of many sand to gravel particles simultaneously and is less affected by particle internal textures and shadows. Eight hundred randomly selected soil particles with a range of sizes, colours, shapes and angularities were investigated using the structural light system to obtain their size and shape distributions. A remarkable agreement was found between the structural light results when compared with sieving analysis and manual measurement of shapes using calipers.
Development of high-strength lightweight non-autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Ebead Usama A. , Shrestha Kshitij C. , Saeed Huda
Published: March 2019

Six concrete mixes with different proportions of various pozzolanic materials were investigated for the development of high-strength non-autoclaved aerated concrete (NAAC). Fly ash and slag were used as partial cement replacements in order to perform comparative studies on the effects of fly ash and slag on NAAC. Aluminium powder was used as an expanding agent to produce gas in the mixes. The compressive strength of each mix after 7 and 28 d of curing was determined. The microstructure of the pozzolanic cellular concrete was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The influence of the pozzolanic materials on the microstructural and macrostructural characteristics of the cellular concrete was assessed. A cement-based concrete mix, with pozzolanic materials as partial replacements of cement and sand, was thus developed for lightweight cellular concrete with a 28 d compressive strength exceeding 17 MPa. The developed foam concrete with relatively high strength is ideal for several structural and non-structural applications.
Behaviour of sea sand recycled concrete filled steel tube under axial compression
Authors: Huang Yijie , Wu Jida , Wang Qing
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of sea sand recycled concrete filled circular steel tubes (SSRCFSs) under axial compression. The mechanical behaviours of axially loaded SSRCFSs were investigated. Two different parameters were considered: sea sand chloride ion (Cl−) content and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage. Typical influences of sea sand Cl− and RCA contents on the bearing capacity, deformation and load–deformation curve of SSRCFS were studied. The test results showed that the typical failure mode of the SSRCFSs was similar to that of ordinary concrete filled steel tubes. The axial load–deformation curves of the SSRCFSs could be divided into elastic, plastic growth, declining and steady stages. It was found that the bearing capacity of SSRCFSs increased with decreasing RCA replacement percentage. The effect of sea sand Cl− content on the mechanical behaviour of the SSRCFSs decreased with an increase in RCA replacement percentage. The peak strain of the specimen could be enhanced due to the low modulus of the RCA, but this improvement decreased with increasing sea sand Cl− content. Finally, numerical expressions were developed to obtain the peak load and load–deformation curve of the SSRCFSs. The calculated results were in line with the experimental data.