bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEM Simulation of Subintimal Angioplasty for the Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: Avanzini A. , Battini D.
Published: December 2018

Subintimal angioplasty is a highly challenging technique for percutaneous treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) in blood vessels, and the development of predictive tools for preliminary evaluation of potential outcomes and risks could be very useful for clinicians. While finite element (FE) simulation is a well-established approach to investigating partial occlusions, its extension to CTO has not been investigated yet, because of several additional issues that have to be addressed. In this work, we discuss the implementation of a FE model to simulate the main steps of the procedure, i.e., subintimal insertion of an initially folded balloon in a false lumen, inflation from eccentric position, deflation, and extraction. The model includes key morphological features of the CTO and possibility of varying spatial distribution of material properties to account for different constituents and degree of calcification. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous CTO configurations were analyzed, comparing arterial stress state, plaque compression, and postprocedural recoil. For a peak inflation pressure of 12 bar, the degree of lumen restoration was in the range 65-80%, depending on plaque heterogeneity. After balloon extraction, homogeneous highly calcified plaques exhibited substantial recovery of original shape. For homogeneous and heterogeneous CTO, values of peak von Mises stress in the arterial wall were of the same order of magnitude (range 1-1.1 MPa) but at different locations. Results compared favorably with data reported in literature for postprocedural lumen restoration and arterial stress data, confirming potential usefulness of the approach.
An Efficient Pedestrian Detection Method Based on YOLOv2
Authors: Liu Zhongmin , Chen Zhicai , Li Zhanming , Hu Wenjin
Published: December 2018

In recent years, techniques based on the deep detection model have achieved overwhelming improvements in the accuracy of detection, which makes them being the most adapted for the applications, such as pedestrian detection. However, speed and accuracy are a pair of contradictions that always exist and have long puzzled researchers. How to achieve the good trade-off between them is a problem we must consider while designing the detectors. To this end, we employ the general detector YOLOv2, a state-of-the-art method in the general detection tasks, in the pedestrian detection. Then we modify the network parameters and structures, according to the characteristics of the pedestrians, making this method more suitable for detecting pedestrians. Experimental results in INRIA pedestrian detection dataset show that it has a fairly high detection speed with a small precision gap compared with the state-of-the-art pedestrian detection methods. Furthermore, we add weak semantic segmentation networks after shared convolution layers to illuminate pedestrians and employ a scale-aware structure in our model according to the characteristics of the wide size range in Caltech pedestrian detection dataset, which make great progress under the original improvement.
Breast Cancer Development in a Transgender Male Receiving Testosterone Therapy
Authors: Barghouthi Nadia , Turner Jennifer , Perini Jessica
Published: December 2018

Context. To describe a case of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast in a transgender male receiving testosterone therapy for gender-affirming treatment. Case Description. A 28-year-old transgender male receiving intramuscular testosterone was found to have a breast mass on ultrasound after self-exam revealed a palpable breast lump. Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy revealed estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) positive, invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. He underwent neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy along with bilateral mastectomy. At patient request, his testosterone injections were permanently discontinued. Conclusion. Fewer than 20 cases of breast cancer in transgender male patients have been reported in medical literature. While studies have shown increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women with higher testosterone levels, data regarding premenopausal women is conflicting and little is known about breast cancer risk in transgender individuals receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), with inconclusive results regarding correlation between testosterone therapy and breast cancer. More research is required to evaluate whether a possible increased risk of breast cancer exists for transgender men receiving gender-affirming therapy.
Proficiency of Leaky Coaxial Cable-Based MIMO System Using Radiated Field Distribution
Authors: Saleem Asad , Zhang Fangqi , Wang Min , Yin Xiaoyu , Zheng Guoxin
Published: December 2018

This paper presents channel propagation characteristics of different multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using ray tracing approach in a confined area at 1.8 GHz according to the LTE-M standards. Leaky coaxial cables were exploited at different transmitted locations to visualize the fluctuated radiated field under different polarization combinations. In order to encounter this vision, the reflected and line-of-sight paths are under consideration for both vertically and horizontally polarized waves emitting from the leaky coaxial cables (LCXs). Emphasis is given to understand the effect of LCX configuration on the channel correlation coefficient and capacity (C) in the confined area. The exploration of experimental results reveals that the MIMO channel using LCXs has significant performance, specifically in the case of horizontal polarization. Furthermore, it is inferred that for the longer distance between transmitter and receiver, the correlation coefficients have higher magnitude.
Comparison of Induced Fields in Virtual Human and Rat Heads by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Lu Ya-Wen , Lu Mai
Published: December 2018

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) shows significant values in both brain research and therapeutic applications of cognitive neuroscience, neurophysiology, and psychiatry. Animal studies of TMS provide a potential way for learning the biological mechanisms of actions of TMS. In this paper, we presented the comparison of human TMS and rat TMS by using the conventional figure-of-eight coil for the first time. Three-dimensional distributions of magnetic flux density and induced electric field in both virtual human and rat heads were obtained through the 3D impedance method. The results indicated that smaller TMS coils are needed for stimulation of the rat brain. A rat-specific figure-of-eight coil was designed by considering the coil radii, number of coil turns, and the injected coil currents. We found that the numerically designed Fo8 coil can be applied to the rat TMS with improved focality while also keeping high stimulation intensities.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Is Associated with a Set-Point Variation in the Calcium-Parathyroid Hormone-Vitamin D Axis: Results from a German Cohort
Authors: Noe Sebastian , Heldwein Silke , Wiese Carmen , Pascucci Rita , von Krosigk Ariane , Schabaz Farhad , Jonsson-Oldenbuettel Celia , Jaeger Hans , Wolf Eva
Published: December 2018

Background. Higher levels of parathyroid hormone have been associated with the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in people with and without HIV infection. Yet, alterations in calcium levels have never been elucidated in detail. Objective. To compare the association of parathyroid hormone with serum calcium levels and other markers of calcium and bone metabolism in people living with HIV on TDF- and non-TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy. Patients and Methods. A retrospective single center cohort study in Munich, Germany. Median and interquartile ranges and absolute and relative frequencies were used to describe continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The Mann–Whitney U test and chi2-test were used for comparisons. Multivariate median regression was performed in a stepwise backward approach. Results. 1,002 patients were included (786 (78.4%) male; median age 48 (40–55) years). 564 patients (56.3%) had a TDF-containing ART regimen. PTH concentrations were 46.9 (33.0–64.7) pg/mL and 35.2 (26.4–55.4) pg/mL (P=0.001), 43.3 (30.8–59.8) pg/mL and 31.8 (22.3–49.6) pg/mL (P<0.001), 46.1 (29.5–65.4) pg/mL and 33.4 (22.6–50.1) pg/mL (P<0.001), and 37.8 (25.3–57.9) pg/mL and 33.8 (20.1–45.3) pg/mL (P=0.012) within the first, second, third, and fourth quartile of corrected calcium levels for patients with and without TDF-containing ART, respectively. In multivariate median regression, PTH concentration was significantly associated with Cacorr. (−32.2 (−49.8 to −14.8); P<0.001), female sex (5.2 (1.2–9.2); P=0.010), 25(OH)D (−0.4 (−0.5 to −0.3); P<0.001), and TDF-use (9.2 (6.0–12.5); P<0.001). Discussion. Higher levels of PTH seem to be needed to maintain normal calcium levels in PLWH on TDF-containing ART compared to non-TDF-containing ART. Optimal concentrations for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and calcium might therefore be different in people using TDF than expected from general populations but also people living with HIV with non-TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy. This might require different supplementation strategies but warrants further investigation.
Developing a Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein (M-LDL-C) Friedewald’s Equation as a Substitute for Direct LDL-C Measure in a Ghanaian Population: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ephraim Richard K. D. , Acheampong Emmanuel , Swaray Swithin M. , Odame Anto Enoch , Agbodzakey Hope , Adoba Prince , Oppong Afranie Bright , Nsenbah Batu Emmanuella , Adu Patrick , Ahenkorah Fondjo Linda , Sakyi Samuel Asamoah , Amoah Beatrice
Published: December 2018

Despite the availability of several homogenous LDL-C assays, calculated Friedewald’s LDL-C equation remains the widely used formula in clinical practice. Several novel formulas developed in different populations have been reported to outperform the Friedewald formula. This study validated the existing LDL-C formulas and derived a modified LDL-C formula specific to a Ghanaian population. In this comparative study, we recruited 1518 participants, derived a new modified Friedewald’s LDL-C (M-LDL-C) equation, evaluated LDL-C by Friedewald’s formula (F-LDL-C), Martin’s formula (N-LDL-C), Anandaraja’s formula (A-LDL-C), and compared them to direct measurement of LDL-C (D-LDL-C). The mean D-LDL-C (2.47±0.71 mmol/L) was significantly lower compared to F-LDL-C (2.76±1.05 mmol/L), N-LDL-C (2.74±1.04 mmol/L), A-LDL-C (2.99±1.02 mmol/L), and M-LDL-C (2.97±1.08 mmol/L) p < 0.001. There was a significantly positive correlation between D-LDL-C and A-LDL-C (r=0.658, p<0.0001), N-LDL-C (r=0.693, p<0.0001), and M-LDL-C (r=0.693, p<0.0001). M-LDL-c yielded a better diagnostic performance [(area under the curve (AUC)=0.81; sensitivity (SE) (60%) and specificity (SP) (88%)] followed by N-LDL-C [(AUC=0.81; SE (63%) and SP (85%)], F-LDL-C [(AUC=0.80; SE (63%) and SP (84%)], and A-LDL-C (AUC=0.77; SE (68%) and SP (78%)] using D-LDL-C as gold standard. Bland–Altman plots showed a definite agreement between means and differences of D-LDL-C and the calculated formulas with 95% of values lying within ±0.50 SD limits. The modified LDL-C (M-LDL-C) formula derived by this study yielded a better diagnostic accuracy compared to A-LDL-C and F-LDL-C equations and thus could serve as a substitute for D-LDL-C and F-LDL-C equations in the Ghanaian population.
Match-Mode Autoregressive Method for Moving Source Depth Estimation in Shallow Water Waveguides
Authors: Guo-Long Liang , Yi-Feng Zhang , Nan Zou , Jin-Jin Wang
Published: December 2018

Source depth estimation is always a problem in underwater acoustic area, because depth estimation is a nonlinear problem. Traditional depth estimation methods use a vertical line array, which has disadvantage of poor mobility due to the size of sensor array. In order to estimate source depth with a horizontal line array, we propose a matched-mode depth estimation method based on autoregressive (AR) wavenumber estimation for a moving source in shallow water waveguides. First, we estimate the mode wavenumbers using the improved AR modal wavenumber spectrum. Second, according to the mode wavenumber estimation, we estimate the mode amplitudes by the wavenumber spectrum, which is obtained by generalized Hankel transform. Finally, we estimate source depth estimation by the peak of source depth function wherein the data mode best matches the replica mode that is calculated using a propagation model. Compared with synthetic aperture beamforming, the proposed method exhibits a better performance in source depth estimation under low signal-to-noise ratio or the small range span. The robustness of the proposed method is illustrated by simulating the performance in mismatched environment.
Application of M Sequence Family Measurement Matrix in Streak Camera Imaging
Authors: Liu Ailin , Zhang Jinjin , Guo Baoping
Published: December 2018

This study investigates the reduction in the resolution of the striations from the center to the edge through analysis of the imaging principle and the static experimental test of a streak tube. To improve the edge spatial resolution of the streak, we apply the compressed sensing to the X-ray streak camera imaging system and construct the compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction model for the streak camera and we implement the CS objective function by the orthogonal matching method. The reconstruction performance of the Gauss measurement matrix, Bernoulli measurement matrix, and M series family measurement matrix are compared, and the reconstruction parameters are optimized. A comparison between the original imaging results and the reconstruction results shows that the contrast ratio of the CS reconstruction is 12.2% higher than that of the original, and the limit resolution is 5 lp/mm higher than that of the original image. Furthermore, the improvement effect far from the central area is better than that at the central area. The CS reconstruction on the M series family measurement matrix can improve the image contrast ratio on the edge of the image, and, thus, static and dynamic spatial resolutions of the image are improved.
Shared Mechanism-Based Self-Adaptive Hyperheuristic for Regional Low-Carbon Location-Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Leng Longlong , Zhao Yanwei , Wang Zheng , Wang Hongwei , Zhang Jingling
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we consider a variant of the location-routing problem (LRP), namely, the regional low-carbon LRP with reality constraint conditions (RLCLRPRCC), which is characterized by clients and depots that located in nested zones with different speed limits. The RLCLRPRCC aims at reducing the logistics total cost and carbon emission and improving clients satisfactory by replacing the travel distance/time with fuel consumption and carbon emission costs under considering heterogeneous fleet, simultaneous pickup and delivery, and hard time windows. Aiming at this project, a novel approach is proposed: hyperheuristic (HH), which manipulates the space, consisted of a fixed pool of simple operators such as “shift” and “swap” for directly modifying the space of solutions. In proposed framework of HH, a kind of shared mechanism-based self-adaptive selection strategy and self-adaptive acceptance criterion are developed to improve its performance, accelerate convergence, and improve algorithm accuracy. The results show that the proposed HH effectively solves LRP/LRPSPD/RLCLRPRCC within reasonable computing time and the proposed mathematical model can reduce 2.6% logistics total cost, 27.6% carbon emission/fuel consumption, and 13.6% travel distance. Additionally, several managerial insights are presented for logistics enterprises to plan and design the distribution network by extensively analyzing the effects of various problem parameters such as depot cost and location, clients’ distribution, heterogeneous vehicles, and time windows allowance, on the key performance indicators, including fuel consumption, carbon emissions, operational costs, travel distance, and time.
Mapping Heterogeneous Elastic Property Distribution of Soft Tissues Using Harmonic Motion Data: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Mei Yue , Yu Peng
Published: December 2018

Characterizing heterogeneous elastic property distribution of soft tissues is of great importance in disease detection. In this paper, we investigate an inverse approach to map the heterogeneous material property distribution of soft solids using harmonic motion data. To examine the feasibility of this approach, a number of numerical examples are presented. We observe that the shear modulus distribution is recovered well using harmonic motion measurements. Compared to the static inverse approach, the proposed dynamic inverse method improves the quality of the recovered shear modulus distribution significantly. We also study the influence of the uncertainty in the driving frequency on the reconstruction results and observe that the influence is not very significant in recovering the shape of the inclusion. The proposed inverse algorithm has potential to be a promising tool to diagnose diseases in clinical medicine.
Novel Application of Radotinib for the Treatment of Solid Tumors via Natural Killer Cell Activation
Authors: Kim Kyung Eun , Park Sunyoung , Cheon Soyoung , Kim Dong Yeon , Cho Dae Jin , Park Jeong Min , Hur Dae Young , Park Hyun Jeong , Cho Daeho
Published: December 2018

Radotinib (Supect™) was developed to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Other TKIs, including imatinib and nilotinib, were also developed for treatment of CML, and recent studies were increasing about the therapeutic effects of other TKIs on solid tumors. However, the effect of radotinib on solid tumors has not yet been investigated. In this study, radotinib killed CML cell line K562 directly; however, radotinib did not enhance NK cell cytotoxicity against K562 cells. Because K562 is known as a Fas-negative cell line, we investigated whether radotinib could regulate cell cytotoxicity against various Fas-expressing solid cancer cell lines. Radotinib dramatically increased NK cell cytotoxicity against various Fas-expressing solid cancer cells, including lung, breast, and melanoma cells. Additionally, the efficiency of radotinib-enhanced cytotoxicity was lower in Fas siRNA-transfected cells than in negative controls, suggesting that Fas signaling might be involved in the radotinib-enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity. This study provides the first evidence that radotinib could be used as an effective and strong therapeutic to treat solid tumors via upregulation of NK cell cytotoxicity, suggesting that radotinib has indirect killing mechanisms via upregulation of antitumor innate immune responses as well as direct killing activities for CML cells.
Intraluminal Thrombi in the Cervico-Cephalic Arteries
Authors: Singh Ravinder-Jeet , Chakraborty Debabrata , Dey Sadanand , Ganesh Aravind , Al Sultan Abdulaziz Sulaiman , Eesa Muneer , Wong John H. , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D. , Menon Bijoy K.
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—

Intraluminal thrombus (ILT) is an uncommon finding among patients with ischemic stroke. We report clinical-imaging manifestations, treatment offered, and outcome among patients with ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack and ILT in their cervico-cephalic arteries.

Methods—

Sixty-one of 3750 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (within 24 hours of onset) and ILT on initial arch-to-vertex computed tomography angiography from April 2015 through September 2017 constituted the prospective study cohort. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale score with functional independence at discharge defined as modified Rankin Scale score ≤2.

Results—

Prevalence of ILT on computed tomography angiography was 1.6% (95% CI, 1.2%–2.1%). Median age was 67 years (interquartile range, 56–73), and 40 subjects (65%) were male. The initial clinical presentation included transient ischemic attack in 12 (20%) and stroke in 49 patients (80%); most strokes (76%) were mild (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤5). The most common ILT location was cervical carotid or vertebral artery (n=48 [79%]) followed by intracranial (n=11 [18%]) and tandem lesions (n=2 [3%]). The most common initial treatment strategy was combination antithrombotics (heparin with single antiplatelet agent) among 57 patients (93%). Follow-up computed tomography angiography (n=59), after a median 6 days (interquartile range 4–10 days), revealed thrombus resolution in 44 patients (75% [completely in 27%]). Twenty four of 30 patients (80%) with >50% residual carotid stenosis underwent carotid revascularization (endarterectomy in 15 and stenting in 9 patients) without peri-procedural complications a median of 9 days after symptom onset. In-hospital stroke recurrence occurred in 4 patients (6.6%). Functional independence was achieved in 46 patients (75%) at discharge.

Conclusions—

Patients presenting with acute stroke/transient ischemic attack with ILT on baseline imaging have a favorable clinical course in hospital with low stroke recurrence, high rate of thrombus resolution, and good functional outcome when treated with combination antithrombotic therapy.
Субъектная структура научного текста
Authors: Кананович [Kananowicz] Татьяна [Tatiana]
Published: December 2018

Subjective structure of academic textsIn the paper I make an attempt to determine the subjective structure of scientific texts based on research of the textual category of impersonality. The category of impersonality is understood here as such a choice of means from different levels of the linguistic system (morphological, lexical, syntactical, textual) which allows to degrade or remove the semantic subject from the sentence/text to achieve the highest possible level of objectivity of the academic narration. My assumption is that 1) the subjective field of an academic text can differ from subjective fields of other text types, 2) subjective organization of academic texts is determined by hiding the semantic subject, which allows to distinguish the textual category of impersonality, 3) subjective structure of academic texts is culturally determined. Using the tool of sentence model I present the multilevel subjective organization of Russian academic texts and a list of means which contribute to the impersonality therein. The list of means includes modal and infinitive modifications, passivization, authorization, causation and different types of nominalization. Subiektywna struktura tekstu naukowegoW artykule podejmuję próbę przedstawienia podmiotowej struktury tekstu naukowego w ramach badań nad tekstową kategorią impersonalności. Przez kategorię impersonalności rozumiem świadomy wybór środków językowych z różnych poziomów, który prowadzi do obniżenia statusu lub całkowitego usunięcia podmiotu semantycznego ze zdania/tekstu w celu nadania maksymalnie obiektywnego charakteru narracji naukowej. Zakładam, po pierwsze, że pole podmiotowe tekstu naukowego może różnić się od pól podmiotowych innych typów tekstu; po drugie, że organizacja podmiotowa tekstu naukowego polega w znacznej mierze na ukrywaniu podmiotu semantycznego, co pozwala mówić o istnieniu kategorii impersonalności; po trzecie, że podmiotowa organizacja tekstu naukowego jest uwarunkowana kulturowo. Wykorzystując pojęcie modelu zdania, przedstawiam wielowarstwową organizację podmiotową i sposoby obniżenia statusu / usunięcia podmiotu semantycznego w rosyjskich tekstach naukowych; do sposobów tych należą między innymi modyfikacje modalne i bezokolicznikowe, pasywizacja, autoryzacja, kauzatywizacja i różnego typu nominalizacje.
Rec.: Roman Tymoshuk, Wojciech Sosnowski, Maciej Jaskot, Yurii Ganoshenko, "Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej", KJV Digital Sp. z o.o., Warszawa 2018, 312 ss.
Authors: Perlin Jacek
Published: December 2018

Review: Roman Tymoshuk, Wojciech Sosnowski, Maciej Jaskot, Yurii Ganoshenko, Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej, KJV Digital Sp. z o.o., Warszawa 2018, 312 pp.The article is a review of a novel lexicographic work, whose authors collate most frequent phraseologisms of the Polish and Ukrainian languages, based on the material of the spoken language of the young generation of both languages’ native speakers as well as on texts of electronic communication and popular culture. Rec.: Roman Tymoshuk, Wojciech Sosnowski, Maciej Jaskot, Yurii Ganoshenko, Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej, KJV Digital Sp. z o.o., Warszawa 2018, 312 ss.Artykuł stanowi recenzję nowatorskiej pracy leksykograficznej, której autorzy zestawiają ze sobą najczęściej występujące związki frazeologiczne języków polskiego i ukraińskiego, za materiał przyjmując język mówiony młodego pokolenia rodzimych użytkowników obu języków oraz teksty komunikacji elektronicznej i kultury popularnej.
Słoweńcy i Europa Środkowa
Authors: Cmiel-Bażant Marta
Published: December 2018

The Slovenes and Central Europe In the 1980s, a few years before Slovenia became an independent country, many intellectuals – including writers, politicians, sociologists and historians – were trying to answer the question about the cultural area in Europe to which Slovenia belonged. Most of them identified themselves with the concept of Central Europe, which was a reference to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in the period between the 1860s and the First World War. The Monarchy was perceived as a supranational state that allowed all nations to develop and respected the diversity of cultures, which gave rise to a creative and multicultural intellectual atmosphere. This utopian vision was created to balance the domination of the communist ideology in the Eastern Bloc countries.The idea which underlied Slovenian considerations of Central Europe was that of an imagined border of Europe, whereby the latter is seen as an intellectual concept and identified with Western Europe. The Slovenian territories were a part of the southern provinces of Austria-Hungary and then, after the First World War, they became the northwesternmost republic of Yugoslavia. In both cases they were peripheral in cultural and political terms. In the period that this paper is concerned with, the concept of Central Europe which was most popular in Slovenia excluded the Balkan countries. Słoweńcy i Europa ŚrodkowaW latach 80. ubiegłego wieku, na kilka lat przed uzyskaniem przez Słowenię statusu niezależnego państwa, wielu intelektualistów – pisarzy, polityków, socjologów i historyków – próbowało znaleźć odpowiedź na pytanie, do jakiego kręgu kulturowego przynależy Słowenia. Większość identyfikowała się z koncepcją Europy Środkowej, odwołującej się do monarchii austro-węgierskiej z okresu od lat 60. XIX wieku do I wojny światowej. Była ona postrzegana jako państwo ponadnarodowe, które umożliwiało rozwój poszczególnych narodów i respektowało różnorodność kultur, co przyczyniło się do powstania kreatywnej, wielokulturowej atmosfery intelektualnej. Była to utopijna wizja, stworzona, aby zrównoważyć dominację ideologii komunistycznej w krajach bloku wschodniego.Ideą znajdującą się u podłoża sposobu postrzegania Europy Środkowej przez przywoływanych słoweńskich humanistów była wyobrażona granica Europy jako pojęcia intelektualnego odpowiadającego Europie Zachodniej. Słoweńskie ziemie były częścią południowych prowincji Austro-Węgier, a po I wojnie światowej stały się najbardziej wysuniętą na północny zachód jugosłowiańską republiką. W obu przypadkach były peryferyjne w wymiarze kulturalnym i politycznym. W badanym okresie najbardziej popularna w Słowenii koncepcja Europy Środkowej wykluczała z jej ram państwa bałkańskie.
Bałkańskie adaptacje tureckiego sufiksu -çi / -ci
Authors: Karasiński Artur , Sawicka Irena
Published: December 2018

Balkan derivatives with the borrowed Turkish suffix -çi / -ci In the paper we reflect on which of the allomorphs of a suffix should be considered its basic form (and on what grounds). This problem requires morphonological analysis. We will illustrate this with the example of Balkan derivatives with the borrowed Turkish suffix -çi / -ci. This agentive suffix is extremely productive in Turkish so it is not surprising that this very suffix has settled well in the Balkan languages. In most of them, like in Turkish, it assumes the forms [-ʧi/-ʧija] or [-ʤi/-ʤija]. Which of these forms should be regarded as the primary one? Bałkańskie adaptacje tureckiego sufiksu -çi / -ci W artykule zastanawiamy się nad odpowiedzią na pytanie, który z alomorfów przyrostka i na jakiej podstawie należy uznać za formę podstawową. Zagadnienie wymaga analizy morfonologicznej, co zostało zilustrowane przykładami bałkańskich derywatów z tureckim sufiksem -çi / -ci. Jest to przyrostek agentywny o bardzo dużej produktywności, nic więc dziwnego, że rozpowszechnił się także na Bałkanach. Podobnie jak w tureckim, także w językach bałkańskich występuje on w dwóch postaciach: [-ʧi/-ʧija]/[-ʤi/-ʤija]. Którą z nich należy przyjąć jako podstawową?
Clitic doubling of the proposed direct object in Bulgarian
Authors: Ovcharova Bilyana
Published: December 2018

Clitic doubling of the proposed direct object in Bulgarian The presence or absence of accusative clitic doubling in Bulgarian clauses with direct object preposing serves grammatical or pragmatic purposes and falls within the discussion on word order, in particular the analysis of clauses exhibiting marked word order.Grammatical doubling occurs in clauses where the clitics are part of the verb’s morphological make-up and in clauses where the clitics serve as case markers for disambiguating the syntactic function of the initial noun phrase (NP). Pragmatic clitic doubling does not affect the clause grammaticality or in terms of semantics: it serves as a topicality marker, signaling the discourse-old status of the preposed NPs’ referents or is used to activate such referents. Pragmatic clitic doubling may occur with focused discourse-old NPs, which at first sight may appear as an inconsistency: one would expect that the topic and focus should be identified differently. In Bulgarian pragmatic accusative clitic doubling is not admissible only when the preposed NP realizes contrastive, emphatic focus. Podwajanie klityki zaimkowej dopełnienia bliższego w języku bułgarskim Podwajanie klityki zaimkowej dopełnienia bliższego w języku bułgarskim (jej obecność lub brak) służy funkcji gramatycznej lub pragmatycznej i wiąże się z zagadnieniem szyku wyrazów, zwłaszcza we frazach nacechowanych na szyk.Repryza występuje w funkcji gramatycznej w wyrażeniach, w których klityki stanowią część frazy werbalnej i służą ujednoznacznieniu funkcji składniowej frazy nominalnej, występującej w pozycji inicjalnej w zdaniu. Czynniki pragmatyczne nie naruszają kształtu gramatycznego czy semantyki frazy: pragmatyczne podwajanie służy topikalizacji, sygnalizując status referenta poprzedzającej frazy nominalnej, lub służy do aktywacji takiego referenta. Pragmatyczna repryza może wystąpić po frazie nominalnej, która jest specjalnie wyróżniona (in focus), co na pierwszy rzut oka może się wydawać niekonsekwencją: oczekiwalibyśmy raczej, że temat (topic) i fokus (specjalny akcent) powinny być identyfikowane językowo w sposób różny. W języku bułgarskim pragmatyczne podwajanie obiektu jest niedopuszczalne jedynie wówczas, gdy poprzedzająca fraza nominalna służy funkcji kontrastywnej, tj. wyrażaniu specjalnej emfazy.
„An der schönen blauen Donau…” Obraz rzezi nowosadzkiej we współczesnej literaturze serbskiej
Authors: Bukwalt Miłosz
Published: December 2018

An der schönen blauen Donau… Depictions of the Novi Sad massacre in contemporary Serbian literatureThe tragic events in Novi Sad in January 1942 constitute an important subject in the prose of Aleksandar Tišma (Knjiga o Blamu [The Book of Blam]), Erih Koš (Novosadski pokolj [Novi Sad Massacre]), and Danilo Kiš (Psalm 44 and Peščanik [Hourglass]). Jewish-Serbian writers were not left disinterested by the fact of the Shoah of fellow Jews or by the violent deaths of their Slavic neighbours. The above-mentioned, formally very diverse works belong to the corpus of Serbian novels about the Holocaust, which are a testament to the crime and which render individual deaths meaningful. Novels about the Novi Sad massacre reveal the psychological motivation of the instigators and direct perpetrators of the crime, shed light upon the logistics and the mechanics of death, and constitute a record of the victims’ reactions in the situation of a direct threat to their lives, and also the world of mental nightmares tormenting the survivors. Finally, and most importantly, they are an artistic tribute to all the identified and anonymous victims of the Hungarian repressive and exterminatory operation.The above-outlined issues were examined using the notions and research tools of psychopathology, individual psychology, humanistic psychiatry, thanatology, suicidology, victimology, and cultural anthropology. An der schönen blauen Donau… Obraz rzezi nowosadzkiej we współczesnej literaturze serbskiejTragiczne wydarzenia nowosadzkie ze stycznia 1942 roku stanowią ważny temat utworów prozatorskich Aleksandra Tišmy (Księga Blama), Ericha Koša (Rzeź nowosadzka) oraz Danila Kiša (Psalm 44, Klepsydra). Pisarze serbscy narodowości żydowskiej nie pozostali obojętni wobec faktu zagłady swych współplemieńców oraz śmierci ich słowiańskich sąsiadów. Wspomniane utwory współtworzą korpus serbskich powieści o tematyce holocaustowej, które zaświadczają o zbrodni i nadają sens jednostkowej śmierci. Powieści o masakrze nowosadzkiej ujawniają motywację psychologiczną zleceniodawców i bezpośrednich wykonawców zbrodni, ukazują logistykę oraz sposoby zadawania śmierci, stanowią zapis reakcji skazańców w sytuacji bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia oraz świat koszmarów psychicznych osób ocalałych. Ponadto, co niezwykle istotne, są artystycznym hołdem złożonym zidentyfikowanym oraz anonimowym ofiarom węgierskiej akcji represyjno-likwidacyjnej.Do zbadania zasygnalizowanych powyżej zagadnień wykorzystano w niniejszym artykule pojęcia i narzędzia badawcze z zakresu psychopatologii, psychologii indywidualnej, psychiatrii humanistycznej, tanatologii, suicydologii, wiktymologii oraz antropologii kulturowej.
Słowotwórstwo gegijskie XVII wieku
Authors: Karasiński Artur
Published: December 2018

Word formation in 17th century Gheg AlbanianThe article constitutes a word formation analysis of the Gheg dialect Albanian texts from the 17th century. The only Albanian texts of this period preserved to this day come from northern Albania and form the basis of the so-called old Albanian literature. All their authors came from northern Albania and used a similar variation of the Gheg dialect. The Gheg dialect of Albanian at that time can be considered the standard used by the Catholic environment of Northern Albania. Modern Albanian contains word formations characteristic of both main dialects: Gheg and Tosk. The aim of the present research is to investigate the word-formation structures appearing in 17th century texts. Słowotwórstwo gegijskie XVII wieku Artykuł stanowi analizę słowotwórczą albańskich tekstów z XVII wieku, napisanych w dialekcie gegijskim. Jedyne albańskie teksty tego okresu, zachowane do dziś, pochodzą z północnej Albanii i stanowią podstawę tak zwanej starej literatury albańskiej. Wszyscy autorzy pochodzili z północnej Albanii i używali podobnej odmiany dialektu gegijskiego. Dialekt gegijski może być uznany za standard w tym czasie, używany przez środowisko katolickie w regionie północnej Albanii. Współczesny język albański zawiera formacje słowotwórcze odpowiednie dla obu głównych dialektów gegijskiego i toskijskiego. Badania mają na celu zweryfikowanie struktur słowotwórczych pojawiających się w tekstach z XVII wieku.
Описание на формоизменителните типове при числителните имена в българския език (като част от работата над нормативна граматика)
Authors: Микова [Mikova] Лора [Lora]
Published: December 2018

Description of inflected numeral types in Bulgarian (as applied in the work on a normative grammar) This article describes the principles of defining the types of inflected numerals in Bulgarian which are used in the work on a normative grammar of the language. The numerals are divided into types according to the form of the article, possibility of shifting the stress to the article and presence of two codified variants. Eight formal types of numerals are thus formed. Opis typów liczebników odmiennych w języku bułgarskim (jako część gramatyki normatywnej)W artykule opisano zasady definiowania typów liczebników odmiennych w języku bułgarskim, które zostały zaproponowane w pracy nad gramatyką normatywną. Liczebniki podzielono na typy według form rodzajnika, możliwości przesunięcia akcentu na rodzajnik i występowania dwóch skodyfikowanych wariantów. W ten sposób uzyskano osiem formalnych typów liczebników.
Някои формообразувателни типове при глаголи от първо спрежение в българския книжовен език
Authors: Александрова [Aleksandrova] Татяна [Tatiana] , Станчева [Stancheva] Руска [Ruska]
Published: December 2018

Inflectional types within first conjugation in standard Bulgarian The article presents the modulation models in some first conjugation verbs in the Bulgarian language based on a certain set of classification characteristics and diagnostic forms. The inflection types within one of the nine classes in which the Bulgarian verbal vocabulary are distinguished according to a procedure which comprises three levels of categorization: 1) by a morphological criterion; 2) by types of morphological (regressive) changes encoded in word-forming or grammatical forms, and 3) by a normative criterion (presence of doublets). Also considered is the combinatorics of the grammatical morphs in the set of verb forms. The presentation of formal types is done in terms of normative grammar, taking into account the dynamism of the norm. The model aims to cover the entire verbal vocabulary by uniting different lexical-grammatical classifications of the Bulgarian verbs. Typy fleksyjne w ramach pierwszej koniugacji w literackim języku bułgarskim W artykule przedstawiono propozycję zmodyfikowania klasyfikacji niektórych czasowników pierwszej koniugacji w języku bułgarskim w oparciu o pewien zestaw cech klasyfikacyjnych i form diagnostycznych. Procedura, według której bułgarskie czasowniki jednej z dziewięciu klas formalnych podzielone zostają na typy fleksyjne, składa się z trzech poziomów kategoryzacji: 1) według kryterium morfologicznego, 2) według rodzajów zmian morfologicznych (regresywnych) zakodowanych w formach słowotwórczych lub gramatycznych, 3) według kryterium normatywnego (obecność dubletów). Uwzględniana jest również kombinatoryka morfów w zbiorze form czasownika. Prezentacja cech formalnych odbywa się w gramatyce normatywnej przy uwzględnieniu dynamiki normy. Model ma na celu opracowanie wszystkich czasowników bułgarskich poprzez kombinację różnych kryteriów leksykalno-gramatycznych klasyfikacji.
Inojezična kazališna radionica: prednosti trivijalnoga žanra u dramsko-kazališnom pristupu
Authors: Kodrić Gagro Ana
Published: December 2018

Theatre workshop as a foreign language teaching tool: advantages of “trivial literature” in the dramatic-theatrical approach The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of dramatic-theatrical approach to foreign language teaching as exemplified by the use of popular culture, namely an adapted television format (soap opera). In order to achieve this aim, the paper presents the characteristics of the genre that render it useful in foreign language education. The genre’s usability in practical work is exemplified by two successfully implemented theatre workshops. The first one was organized in the Croaticum Centre for Croatian as a Second Language at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Studies, University of Zagreb, in 2006, for students of Croatian as a foreign language. The second workshop was held in 2010 at the Institute of Western and Southern Slavic Studies at the University of Warsaw for students of Bulgarian as a foreign language. Both workshops achieved excellent results in raising language competencies of foreign language speakers. Considering the continued presence of the mentioned genre in popular culture, its use in teaching does not lose its relevance. Warsztat teatralny w nauczaniu języka obcego: zalety literatury popularnej w podejściu dramatyczno-teatralnym Celem artykułu jest wykazanie zalet dramatyczno-teatralnego podejścia do nauki języków obcych na przykładzie kultury popularnej, czyli adaptowanej formy telewizyjnej – telenoweli. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, przedstawiono cechy gatunku przydatne w nauce języków obcych. Przykładami użyteczności podejścia w praktycznej pracy są dwa pomyślnie zrealizowane warsztaty teatralne. Pierwszy z nich został zorganizowany w Centrum języka chorwackiego jako obcego „Croaticum” na Wydziale Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych w Zagrzebiu w 2006 roku dla studentów języka chorwackiego jako obcego, a drugi w Instytucie Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego dla studentów języka bułgarskiego jako obcego w 2010 roku. Oba warsztaty osiągnęły doskonałe wyniki w podnoszeniu kompetencji językowych osób posługujących się językami obcymi. Biorąc pod uwagę stałą obecność wspomnianego gatunku w kulturze popularnej, jego użycie w nauczaniu nie traci znaczenia.
Експлетивно отрицание в подчинени изречения, въведени с ‘докато (не)’: джудезмо в балкански контекст
Authors: Търпоманова [Tŭrpomanova] Екатерина [Ekaterina] , Добрева [Dobreva] Искра [Iskra]
Published: December 2018

Expulsive negation in subordinate clauses introduced by‚ while (not) / until (not)’: Iudeo-Español in the Balkan context The paper approaches the temporal limitative subordinate clauses headed by asta/fin ke (no), the Judeo-Spanish equivalent to ‘while (not)/until (not)’ clauses. Having joined the Balkan linguistic area, Judeo-Spanish adopted the Balkan areal pattern of increased use of the expletive negation and indicative, unlike the Spanish pattern of subjunctive and positive verbs in the regarded clauses. In conative situations (mainly verbs expressing effort, try and attempt) the presence or omission of expletive negation in the subordinate clause allows for showing bias towards the proposition (presenting it as the desired goal or risk to be avoided). Furthermore, the expletive negation is found to be highly transmittable in situations of language contact and areal change. Ekspletywna negacja w zdaniach podrzędnych wprowadzanych przez ‘póki (nie)/ zanim (nie)’: Iudeo-español w kontekście bałkańskim Artykuł dotyczy zdań podrzędnych czasowych ograniczających, wprowadzanych przez asta / fin ke (no) (judeo-hiszpański odpowiednik wyrażeń ‘póki (nie)’, zanim (nie)’). Znalazłszy się na bałkańskim obszarze językowym judeo-hiszpański zaadaptował bałkański uzus zwiększonego użycia negacji ekspletywnej i indykatywnej, w przeciwieństwie do hiszpańskiego uzusu, który w rozpatrywanym typie zdań subjunktywnych preferuje użycie czasowników niezaprzeczonych. W sytuacjach konatywnych (sygnalizowanych głównie czasownikami wyrażającymi wysiłek, usiłowanie, próbowanie) obecność lub brak wyrażenia negacji w zdaniu podrzędnym umożliwia sformułowanie tendencji w zakresie wyrażania omawianej modalności (przedstawiając ją jako pożądany cel lub ryzyko, którego należy unikać). Ponadto stwierdzono, że wyrażanie negacji jest szczególnie wrażliwe na konwergencję w sytuacji kontaktu językowego.
Модел на интерпретација на директните и индиректните говорни чинови со примена на прагматичките теории (врз примери од македонскиот драмски дискурс)
Authors: Миленковска [Milenkovska] Соња [Sonja]
Published: December 2018

A model for interpretation of direct and indirect speech acts using pragmatic theories (examples from Macedonian dramatic discourse) This paper presents a model for the interpretation of direct and indirect speech acts using pragmatic theories. The aim of this presentation is to show the functioning and mutual combinations of direct and, especially, indirect speech acts in conversational situations of dramatic discourse in Macedonian, and also to show the motivation for certain kinds of their realizations. Model interpretacji bezpośrednich i pośrednich aktów mowy poprzez zastosowanie teorii pragmatycznych (na przykładach z macedońskiego dyskursu dramatycznego) Artykuł przedstawia model interpretacji bezpośrednich i pośrednich aktów mowy w oparciu o teorie pragmatyczne. Celem prezentacji jest pokazanie, jak funkcjonują i jak w jakich wzajemnych kombinacjach występują one w sytuacji rozmowy w dramatycznych tekstach macedońskich, a także wskazanie motywacji pewnych form realizacji tych aktów.
Robert Elsie – wspomnienie pośmiertne (*29 czerwca 1950 – †2 października 2017)
Authors: Sawicka Irena
Published: December 2018

Robert Elsie – obituary (*29 June 1950 – †2 October 2017) This obituary outlines the professional career and work of Robert Elsie, an outstanding specialist in Albanian studies. Robert Elsie – wspomnienie pośmiertne (*29 czerwca 1950 – †2 października 2017)Tekst wspomnienia przedstawia drogę naukową i dorobek wybitnego albanologa Roberta Elsiego.
Bibliografia prac Roberta Elsie. (Teksty naukowe. Tłumaczenia. Opracowania. Wystąpienia)
Authors: Sawicka Irena
Published: December 2018

A bibliography of works by Robert Elsie. (Scientific papers, translations, studies, presentations) The paper gives a list of selected publications of Robert Elsie. Bibliografia prac Roberta Elsie. (Teksty naukowe. Tłumaczenia. Opracowania. Wystąpienia)Artykuł stanowi listę wybranych publikacji Roberta Elsie.
За един нов подход при описанието на прилагателните имена в българския език (с оглед на разработването на нормативна граматика)
Authors: Томов [Tomov] Милен [Milen]
Published: December 2018

On a new approach in describing adjectives in Bulgarian (with the ontext of the development of a normative grammar) The article presents a new approach in the description of adjectives in Bulgarian, one that is based on strict differentiation between form and semantics by applying a purely morphological criterion. The relevant features of the adjectives are grouped in separate inflection types based on the presence of ending or lack thereof, the lexeme’s ending combinations, the presence of morphonological (including stress) changes (alterations) in inflection, as well as on the presence of doublet forms. The formation of inflectional types according to the above specified relevant features is illustrated with examples, followed by a proposal of changes to the traditional classification of the parts of speech. O pewnym nowym podejściu w opisie przymiotników w języku bułgarskim (w kontekście opracowania gramatyki normatywnej) Artykuł przedstawia nowe podejście do opisu przymiotników w języku bułgarskim, oparte na wyraźnym rozróżnieniu formy i znaczenia poprzez zastosowanie wyłącznie kryterium morfologicznego. Relewantne cechy przymiotników są pogrupowane w typy fleksyjne na podstawie obecności lub braku końcówki, kombinatoryki końcówek w leksemie, występowania zmian morfonologicznych (w tym akcentu), alternacji we fleksji, oraz form obocznych. Formowanie typów fleksyjnych zgodnie z wyżej wymienionymi cechami dystynktywnymi zilustrowano przykładami, a następnie zaproponowano zmiany w tradycyjnej klasyfikacji części mowy.