bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clusters of hepatitis D in Iraq, 2018 to 2022: A geographic analysis
Authors: Kamel Albonwas Rana , Kadhim Hussein Ali , Abbas Janabi Hayder , Manii Jwad K. , Abid Abojassim Ali , Saeed Jassim Ali
Published: October 2024

The regional distribution of hepatitis D is evaluated by the utilization of the disease surveillance tool SaTScan and its spatial scan statistic. The statistic for the spatial scan was used in detecting the area that has a significantly higher prevalence of hepatitis. The spatial scan statistic determined Najaf, Babil, Wasit, Maysan, Dha Qar, Basrah, and Muthanna to be most likely to constitute areas of cluster presence for hepatitis D. The relative risk (RR) for men was 1.49 (P < 0.001) and that for females was 1.46 (P < 0.001). After considering all the parameters under this model, we found that the most probable location for clustering hepatitis in the country is the central areaNajaf, Babil, Wasit, Maysan Dha Qar Muthanna Diyala Baghdad Karbala Salah Ad Din and Tam'mim with a relative risk of 6.65(P < 0.001).
Assessment of the effect of train traction by locomotives of different types on the quality indicators of the train schedule
Authors: Khusenov Utkir , Suyunbaev Shinpolat , Umirzakov Davlatjon , Tokhtakhodjayeva Mafratkhon , Adizov Islom
Published: October 2024

The precinct and technical speed of freight trains is one of the main parameters of railway transport characterizing qualitative indicators. The higher the local and technical speed, the better the quality indicators of railway transport, the higher the speed of cargo delivery to the addresses. These speeds directly depend on the distance between stations and the time of their passage. The types of electric locomotives are one of the main factors determining the travel time and energy consumption of trains moving along the site. The differentiated accounting of inter-station runs in the train schedule is based on traction calculations. This article analyzes the regulatory timetable of the trains of the “Tukimachi – Akhangaran” section of Uzbekistan Railways JSC and develops a methodology for determining the travel time of trains moving on the section for the 3VL80r electric locomotive based on traction calculations. Based on the developed methodology, the influence of the time of inter-station runs under traction conditions by locomotives of various brands on the site and technical speed of trains on the railway section was estimated.
Luminescence spectrum of cadmium chalcogenide photovoltaic film structures and their power enhancement
Authors: Ayibzhanov Muxtar , Mamatov Olmos , Mirzaev Valijon , Tuychibaev Baxodir
Published: October 2024

A technology has been developed for producing photovoltaic film structures of CdTe, CdTe:In, CdTe/CdS by thermal vacuum deposition, which allows increasing their operating power. An analysis of their low- temperature photoluminescence spectra shows a significant increase in their spectral sensitivity. It has been experimentally shown that there is a clear correlation between the anomalous photovoltaic (APV) properties and the shape of the intrinsic photoluminescence band of obliquely deposited CdTe films. The photoluminescence spectrum of a polycrystalline CdTe film with APV property is qualitatively different from the spectra of a single crystal, large-block polycrystal and single microcrystal. The main contribution to the photoluminescence of the film comes from radiative recombination of free carriers (A-line with half-width ΔEA≈14.2±0.1 meV) and edge luminescence with a wide doublet structure (B- and C - lines with half- widths 18.5±0.1 meV and 32.2±0.1 meV). When doped with In impurities and as a result of heat treatment, the emission spectrum is greatly transformed in accordance with the change in the photoelectric properties of the film. In the photoluminescence spectrum of a CdTe layer in a CdTe/CdS heterostructure grown under identical technological conditions as a CdTe monolayer, an additional broad spectral line appears due to the presence of a heterointerface, the superhot region disappears, and the A-emission line narrows somewhat (ΔEA≈11.2±0.1 meV), which significantly differ the studied film structures from the known CdS/CdTe heterosystems of other authors. The proposed method for analyzing low-temperature photoluminescence spectra makes it possible to purposefully control the technology for manufacturing photovoltaic film structures. The results obtained are of interest for film optoelectronics and solar cell manufacturing.
Development of automated system for receiving and analysing telemetry data from small spacecrafts
Authors: Aleshko Roman , Gordeychik Alexander , Berezovsky Vladimir , Shoshina Ksenia
Published: October 2024

The system presented in the study is designed to increase the share of automation in the process of interaction with small spacecraft (SSС) at all stages of operation. Automatic operation of the system will reduce the cost of human resources, the number of errors in management, and increase the time of uninterrupted and continuous operation. The system independently calculates the time of all possible sessions of a group of small spacecrafts with a ground station; forms on its basis a schedule for the operation of a ground station, taking into account historical and future calculation sessions; implements control of the rotary antenna according to the compiled session schedule; decodes telemetry data, writes it to the database, carries out preprocessing and visualization. The system was developed taking into account possible scaling to several receiving stations.
Development of a methodology for identifying anomalies in telemetry data of small spacecraft using the ensemble method
Authors: Aleshko Roman , Sakhnik Arseniy , Vasiliev Anton , Berezovsky Vladimir , Shoshina Ksenia
Published: October 2024

This study includes work related to the analysis of satellite telemetry data. Prior to that, the focus is on investigating various ways of finding anomalies in telemetry data. Both traditional statistical approaches, such as outlier analysis and process control, and modern machine learning techniques, such as deep learning algorithms and anomaly detection techniques, are covered in this. It is seeking to decide on a machine learning model that can identify anomalies in telemetry data. This requires the analysis of several machine learning algorithms, their comparison, and evaluation using a small spacecraft telemetry dataset. This work needs to identify the most suitable and effective methods for detecting anomalies in satellite telemetry data.
History of the impact of radiation on the environment: Hiroshima bomb
Authors: Ali Baraa Ahmad , Jassim Ali Saeed
Published: October 2024

The history of the impact of nuclear radiation on the environment, as illustrated by the Hiroshima bombing, reveals a multifaceted interplay of scientific, ecological, and ethical dimensions. From the historical context and immediate environmental consequences to long-term ecological effects and human health implications, the effects of nuclear radiation are pervasive. Comparatively analyzed with other nuclear incidents, case studies of affected ecosystems, and through education, ongoing challenges and opportunities toward nuclear technology are revealed. Moreover, it is through the echoes of past nuclear events that lessons were learned which until today guide current efforts on striking a balance between technological advancement and environmental preservation plus ethical responsibility. The development of nuclear weapons, the instant horror of the bomb, and its lasting environmental effects underline how vital it is to have an all-embracing appreciation of nuclear technology's implications. While coming to terms with the legacy of Hiroshima, issues such as environmental conservation and public health should be placed at the forefront when discussing nuclear energy and weapons. It is through applying these historical lessons that we can work towards reducing such technological negatives to ensure a more environmentally viable future.
Parametric identification of coefficients for fatigue stiffness degradation model of a composite material
Authors: Panteleev A. V. , Turbin N. V. , Nadorov I.S. , Kononov N. O. , Ivanov Y. N. , Chashin N. S.
Published: October 2024

The problem of finding the fatigue characteristics of a composite material based on test results is considered. As a mathematical model of stiffness degradation, a non-linear ordinary differential equation with five unknown parameters is used, reflecting characteristic changes in the properties of the material. It is required to find such parameter values that the solution of the differential equation describes the available test re- sults with sufficient accuracy. The solution procedure is reduced to the problem of optimizing the objective function, the value of which characterizes the achieved accuracy. The optimization methods used were a method that simulates the behavior of a flock of moths and a method of sequential reduction of the search set. A step-by-step algorithm for finding the unknown parameters of the model is proposed, and numerical results are presented for processing three versions of experimental data containing information about the change in the elastic modulus of the composite material during the application of load cycles.
Optimizing the accuracy of an industrial robot: A model for improving positional accuracy
Authors: Siddiqov Rasuljon , Khomidov Khushnudbek , Ummatov Rustambek , Akbarov Adham , Abdullayev Zokirjon , Nurmatov Sardorbek , Yuldashev Bilolkhon , Ubaydullayeva Durdona
Published: October 2024

This article investigates methods for improving the positional accuracy of industrial robots, focusing on their movement dynamics, trajectory management, and fundamental principles of precise positioning. The research examines nine critical points within the gripper's working zone, shaped as a parallelepiped, which is essential for defining the accuracy limits of industrial robots. The study addresses the challenge of aligning the capture device with the ninth point by proposing a solution that involves precise movements along the diagonals of the parallelepiped to enhance accuracy. The article provides a detailed analysis of the construction and mechanics of industrial robots, emphasizing how different link configurations impact performance. It highlights the benefits of fewer links, which tend to maintain stable positional accuracy, while also discussing how an increase in the number of links leads to trajectory variations. These variations affect both robots with mobile bases and fixed- base robots, impacting practical applications such as machining where managing these trajectories is crucial to avoid collisions and ensure smooth operation. Additionally, the research explores the role of various coordinate systems in shaping the working zone and basic movements of industrial robots. It covers rectangular, cylindrical, spherical, and angular coordinate systems, each offering different perspectives on the robot's operational area. This comprehensive analysis aims to address the complexities associated with enhancing positional accuracy in industrial robotics.
Optimization of dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic drive system of the cultivator
Authors: Rybak Alexander , Meskhi Besarion , Rudoy Dmitry , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Teplyakova Svetlana , Pelipenko Alexey , Serdyukova Yuliya , Prutskov Alexey , Romanov Maxim
Published: October 2024

Enhancement of technological processes’ efficiency in agriculture can be achieved through the optimization of technological, structural, and performance characteristics of agricultural machinery. Modern machinery should have high productivity rate, ease of operation, high level of standardization and minimal expenditures of energy resources. The paper gives examples of the implementation of flow-dividing valves for the maintenance of the requested level of synchronization in the hydraulic drive of the agricultural equipment using the example of folding cultivator. The improved calculation hydraulic model of the cultivator and scheme of throttling flow-driving valve of non-spool type with plunger setting device are presented. The article gives the numerical scheme of the hydromechanical drive system of the cultivator which gives consideration to the volume coefficient of stiffness. It contributes to the exact accuracy of calculations and analysis.
A method for reducing energy costs in the production of construction components
Authors: Lisienkova Liubov , Budnikova Olga , Komarova Liudmila
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the issue of excessive energy consumption in the production of construction components. The focus of the research is the manufacturing process of window and door units. The objective is to identify excessive costs within the production processes of a construction company using lean manufacturing tools. The research methodology is based on lean manufacturing principles, specifically utilizing value stream mapping (VSM) to fully visualize the production process. The study has identified operations where losses occur due to excessive inventory, overprocessing, downtime, transportation losses, and defects. A methodology for value stream mapping of both the current and future states of the construction component manufacturing process has been developed. Practically, the value stream mapping of the construction component production process has been carried out, and maps of the current and future states of the value stream have been created. The analysis of the mapping results revealed a significant cycle time overrun at two stages of production – hole milling and glazing unit assembly. These two stages are the most time-consuming and energy-intensive within the process and require optimization. Based on the value stream mapping results, rational measures have been proposed to reduce losses at these production stages, decreasing the overall construction time from 9.845 seconds to 5.765 seconds (a 35-40% reduction) and reducing the number of operations from 19 to 17.
Cognitive model of collective behavior of distributed intelligent multi-agent systems
Authors: Pshenokova Inna , Sundukov Zaurbek
Published: October 2024

The goal of this study is to develop a model of collective behavior of intelligent agents based on neurocognitive multi-agent architectures. The consistency of agent behavior is based on a single semantic model that is based on the desire of all agents to maximize the energy that a given agent or a collective extract from the environment as a result of performing actions prescribed by a suboptimal plan for such behavior. The main method used to synthesize collective behavior is to create conditions for the growth and development of the controlling multi- agent neurocognitive architecture of an intelligent agent based on the data it receives in the process of interaction with the user, autonomous or robotic agents.
Training and testing an artificial intelligence model for action recognition using the MMAction2 toolkit
Authors: Mangusheva Alina , Obukhova Margarita
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable tool in various fields of human activity, including action recognition. With the advancements in machine learning and deep learning technologies, AI's capabilities in analyzing and interpreting actions performed by humans or objects in video and audio recordings have significantly increased. This progress has led to the development of numerous applications such as surveillance systems, human-computer interaction, sports analytics, and autonomous driving, where understanding and recognizing actions is crucial. Traditional methods of action recognition relied heavily on handcrafted features and classical machine learning algorithms, which often struggled with the variability and complexity of real-world scenarios. The emergence of deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), has revolutionized this field by enabling models to learn hierarchical representations directly from raw data, thus improving performance and robustness. In this paper, we describe the process of training and testing an artificial intelligence model in an action recognition task using the MMAction2 toolkit.
The influence of the particle size on rheological properties of magneto fluidized bed of strontium hexaferrite
Authors: Egorov Ivan , Egorov Nikolay , Egorova Svetlana
Published: October 2024

Powder metallurgy processes are in general less polluting and more sustainable than the traditional mechanical manufacturing. In order to organize technological processes with the ferromagnetic powders, one usually applies special methods to change the coefficient of inner friction of particulate systems. We studied the regimes of the magnetic fields that form magneto fluidized bed from the strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) powder and provide the decrease of the inner friction coefficient. The magneto fluidized bed was formed by the effect of the crossed constant and alternating gradient magnetic fields. The results of electromagnetic parameters influence on rheological properties of the magneto fluidized bed formed from strontium hexaferrite powders with various average particle sizes are presented in the paper. The dependencies of the strontium hexaferrite stimulated fluidity speed through a 2 mm diameter hole from the electromagnetic field parameters were studied. The obtained results show the possibility of using dry ferromagnetic powders in the permanent magnets production in powder metallurgy.
Training neural networks to filter noise in voice-driven energy systems
Authors: Zhigalov Vladimir
Published: October 2024

The paper notes the labor-intensive and time-consuming process of compiling a training sample of a neural network, the influence of the compiled sample on the quality of network operation, and voice control tools for energy consumption systems, presents the main problems of training sample formation. It is noted that due to the simultaneous influence of a large number of factors on the quality of network operation, corrective changes in the training sample can lead to random results and disruption of energy consumption systems. In order to exclude randomness, it is suggested to use an approach based on comparison of the results of the trained neural network and the tested method. Recommendations on the volume and content of the sample depending on the nature of the filtered noise for homogeneous and dynamically changing noise are formulated. It is suggested to divide the training sample into groups with related properties in order to improve the efficiency of the training sample formation process. It is noted that due to the formal approach realized by neural networks, it is possible to incorrectly assess the impact of specific corrective changes on the quality of neural network performance. To reduce this factor and increase the efficiency of the process of forming the training sample, it is proposed to use an approach based on comparing the quality of noise filtering by a neural network and the results of filtering by a tested method based on physical principles of signal conversion. A process that improves the efficiency of neural network training sample formation and improving the quality of voice control of energy consumption systems is proposed. The requirements to the recommended method are formulated. It is proposed to use a transformed filtering method based on subtracting the noise spectrum from the signal spectrum containing noise. It is recommended to apply the method correctly depending on the frequency range of the noise and its characteristics.
Managing innovations in the energy sector through the adaptation of the experience of the rocket and space industry
Authors: Kukartsev Anatoliy , Boyko Andrei , Moiseeva Elena , Panfilov Ilia , Divaeva Anna
Published: October 2024

In the modern world, energy is one of the most important sectors of the economy, on which the well-being and development of society directly depend. However, traditional energy management models no longer correspond to rapidly changing market conditions and technological progress. In this regard, there is an urgent need to find new, innovative approaches to managing this industry. In this article, it is proposed to use the experience of space-rocket industry (SRI) to manage innovations in the energy sector SRI is one of the most advanced industries where the latest technologies and management methods are used. The industry has a well- developed culture of innovation, which allows it to constantly develop and improve. The article discusses the basic principles of innovation management in SRI and suggests their adaptation to the energy sector. The advantages and possibilities of using the experience of SRI in this area are analyzed.
Global energy trends in the context of climate and environmental transformations
Authors: Rudchanka Halina , Logacheva Natalia , Uzhegov Artyom
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of issues of energy policy formation in nine changing climatic and environmental vectors. A retrospective analysis of the impact of the climate agenda on the energy intensity of global GDP and greenhouse gas emissions was carried out. The authors present a “time line” from 1972-2022, demonstrating the connection between the adoption of a number of key international documents aimed at achieving global environmental and climate goals, and the dynamics of growth rates in the energy intensity of global GDP and greenhouse gas emissions. According to data from 2010-2022, it is shown that the policy of replacing traditional fossil hydrocarbon fuel and energy resources with renewable energy sources in the global energy balance helps to overcome environmental and climate problems, positive results have been identified, in particular, a steady trend of transformation of development scenarios of the global energy system through the introduction of low-carbon and carbon-free technologies, primarily hydropower, solar photovoltaic energy, and wind energy. An inversely proportional relationship is observed, demonstrating several trends: a decrease in the capital intensity of renewable energy sources, a decrease in the costs of the process of their implementation and operation. The results of the study allow us to state the consistency of processes in relation to changes in the dynamics of global GDP and greenhouse gas emissions, while in recent years the growth rate of greenhouse gas emissions at the global level is lower compared to the growth rate of GDP, which proves the effectiveness of the measures being implemented. The materials presented in the article can be used to develop theoretical models and applied measures to implement scenarios for decarbonization of economic systems, increasing their environmental sustainability and mitigating climate change.
Statistical research automation for farm’s differentiation
Authors: Ukolova Anna , Ulianckin Alexandr , Plotnikova Elizaveta
Published: October 2024

Agriculture is a priority sector of the Russian economy, ensuring the country's food security. Three categories of producers are engaged in the agricultural production: agricultural organizations, peasant farms (PFs) and personal subsidiary farms. The share of peasant farms in the structure of gross agricultural output for all categories of farms increased from 2% in 1998 to 14% in 2019, the volume of their production almost doubled. Their support and development will solve the problems of not only food, but also geopolitical security, by fixing the population in countryside and developing rural areas. An important task for agricultural policy aimed at the balanced development of agriculture is to study the differentiation of farms within the selected categories, and the use of information technologies will significantly reduce the time for processing the data. Within the framework of the paper, an approach has been developed to automate the statistical study of the differentiation of peasant farms using two programming languages: Python and R. The data of the reporting form 1-KFH “Information on the production activities of heads of peasant farms - individual entrepreneurs”. As a result, the indicators of variation for the regions of Russia were obtained and visualized, a grouping and cartogram of regions by the level of income of peasant farms per unit of land area was built.
Study of the physical methods of detoxication of infected with mycotoxins grain
Authors: Tupolskich Tatiana , Gucheva Natalya , Lodyanov Vyacheslav , Gordeeva Nadezhda
Published: October 2024

Aim of the study is to investigate resource-saving methods used for full or partial detoxication of grain from mycotoxins in accordance with biomedical requirements and sanitary standards of the Russian Federation and requirements of exporting countries. Rates of safety od the investigated grain (wheat, barley and corn) are an object of the research. Mold fungi and mycotoxins produced by them in exported grain are a subject of the research. The analysis of the mycotoxin content in grain from the South of Russia is conducted and the most frequent scopes of mold fungi formation on grain are found out. Physical methods of detoxication grain, infected with mycotoxins, are introduced. Ways of further realization of grain on a food market are stated. Scope of work is represented with 7 pages of main text and illustrated with 5 figures and 7 tables. References contain 56 sources including All-Union State Standards and scientific papers by domestic and foreign authors.
An Effluent Treatment Plant’s Procedure Improved by Employing the Kaizen Approach
Authors: Ghatole Swapna , Kadam Anjali , Tupkar Rupali , Ramteke Prerna
Published: October 2024

Industrial waste management, environmental compliance, and public health depend on ETPs. Though vital, many such institutions fail to operate efficiently and effectively. The study of Kaizen techniques implementation is done in Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) in a SSI unit in Nagpur city, in INDIA. Here, the working of this process is done over Effluent Treatment Plant of the filtration unit in the industry. Here kaizen process is implemented in filtration of sludgy water. To overcome this problem the kaizen process was implemented in the filtration unit. Now in newer process air cylinder is placed in the process. The pump partially fills the air cylinder with sludgy water. The sluggish water is then pumped to the ETP unit. Earlier the process was not manually controlled it totally depended over the pressure of pump which was manually operated. To avoid all the mishaps happening in the industry new process was implemented. After application of kaizen technique all the problems which were a rising during filtration of sludgy water were overcome. Kaizen improves industrial wastewater management by lowering treatment costs and increasing plant capacity. This article describes Kaizen implementation and offers practical suggestions for optimizing wastewater treatment in other facilities.
Battery Thermal Management System: A Review on Recent Progress, Challenges and Limitations
Authors: Shelare Sagar , Aglawe Kapil , Dhande Mahindra , Wagmare Subhash , Giripunje Manish , Sirsat Piyush
Published: October 2024

In electric vehicles (EVs), wearable electronics, and large-scale energy storage installations, Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) are crucial to battery performance, efficiency, and lifespan. This comprehensive analysis covers the latest BTMS advances and provides an overview of current methods and technologies. Recent developments in passive and active thermal management are covered in the following sections. The simplicity and efficiency of passive solutions like phase change materials and thermal insulators are highlighted. Operational systems, such as liquid cooling, air cooling, and sophisticated refrigeration, are precise and adaptable. BTMS still faces several obstacles despite advances. Non-uniform battery pack temperature distribution, thermal runaway hazards, and BTMS integration in tight locations are discussed. The review also highlights material limits, energy consumption trade-offs, and scalability issues in present techniques. This review provides a comprehensive history of BTMS, identifying knowledge and technological gaps and suggesting battery technology research and development for academics, industry veterans, and newcomers.
Evaluation of Heat Dissipation Efficiency in Rectangular Heat Sinks with Ceramic Coating across Different Base Materials
Authors: Bairi Aditya , N Prabhu Kishore , Vemuri Venkata Phani Babu , GV Rambabu , Y Saroja , Sunnam Nagaraju
Published: October 2024

The design of the heating system is critical in achieving optimal thermal efficiency. Solid Works, a well-known design software, was used to meticulously create heat sink fins in both rectangular and square designs. The company’s choice strikes a good balance between practical manufacture and outstanding heat dissipation. When the design was complete, a modification process was performed to boost their efficiency. The heat fins were coated with a thin layer of SiO2 thermal coating that was precisely 0.25 mm thick. Heat is effectively transferred away from the electronic components because to the remarkable thermal properties of this silicon dioxide layer. Aluminum alloy (Al-alloy) and copper alloy (Cu-alloy). The thermal characteristics of the two materials vary. It is anticipated that performance would change upon merging with the SiO2 layer, defining the conditions for a comparative analysis. ANSYS Workbench ® was used to analyze and objectively assess the performance of many heat sink designs that differed. The whole temperature distribution and heat flow of the settings two critical factors that determine the effectiveness heat management in thermal systems would be shown by this sophisticated instrument.
Sclérose en plaques, les espoirs de la recherche
Authors: Rancillac Armelle , Louapre Céline , Nait Oumesmar Brahim , Plassart-Schiess Emmanuelle , Boulay Anne-Cécile
Published: October 2024

Pour la 26e édition de la Semaine du Cerveau, en partenariat avec la Fondation France sclérose en plaques et le Club des Cellules Gliales, une conférence sur la sclérose en plaques a été organisée au Collège de France pour sensibiliser le grand public à cette maladie. Céline Louapre et Brahim Nait Oumesmar ont présenté un état des lieux des connaissances actuelles sur cette maladie et les espoirs de la recherche en matière de perspectives thérapeutiques. Cette conférence a été associée à un moment d’échange autour de stands d’information et de posters présentés par des jeunes chercheurs financés par la fondation.
La correction de mutations pathogènes par Prime editing
Authors: Bouchard Camille , Godbout Kelly , Tremblay Jacques P.
Published: October 2024

L’édition de gènes est un domaine en évolution constante, le Prime editing étant l’une des techniques les plus récentes. Elle permet de modifier un gène sur mesure à l’aide d’une nickase Cas9 qui ne coupe qu’un seul brin d’ADN. Cette nickase est fusionnée à une transcriptase inverse qui recopie en ADN un ARN guide synthétisé à façon. Cette technique est utilisée pour créer des mutations précises dans des modèles cellulaires ou animaux. Le Prime editing est également appliqué en recherche clinique pour traiter des maladies héréditaires, en corrigeant une mutation responsable de l’effet pathogène. Un défi restant est celui de « livrer » un complexe moléculaire thérapeutique aux cellules in vivo. Différentes méthodes sont élaborées pour atteindre les organes propres à chaque maladie.
Pour une perspective critique et interdisciplinaire de l’écomodernisation des gares. Retour sur le colloque « La nouvelle nature des gares »
Authors: Baron Nacima , Le Bot Nils , Detavernier Pauline
Published: October 2024

Depuis peu, avec le slogan de gare post-carbone, les métiers de la conception et de la réhabilitation ferroviaire diffusent un cadre d’analyse théorique et pratique en faveur de l’approche écosystémique et métabolique de ces bâtiments. Les contenus et visées de ce mouvement qui cherche à renouveler et étendre l’écologie ferroviaire ont fait l’objet d’un colloque en juillet 2022. Nous explicitons comment nous avons retravaillé le cadre d’analyse pour que les communications et débats dépassent une démarche fonctionnaliste d’« infrastructuration » de la nature au profit de performances (écologie, énergie, transport). Deux résultats ressortent : 1) un cadre typologique des articulations entre les gares et les espaces et objets rapportés à la nature ; 2) une discussion sur les conditions à travers lesquelles la gare peut devenir un objet-frontière transdisciplinaire efficace pour articuler des perspectives naturalistes, techniques, urbaines et sociopolitiques.
Channel structures of third-party platforms
Authors: Zhu Chunxu , Yang Shuxia , Li Songrui
Published: October 2024

The growing prominence of third-party (3P) platforms in the online retail sector has made the selection of an appropriate channel structure strategy a critical concern for manufacturers, 3P platforms, and retailers operating within this environment. We construct a Stackelberg game model with the manufacturer as the leader, evaluating four channel structures: (A) reselling and retailer agency selling, (B) agency selling and retailer agency selling, (C) reselling and agency selling, and (D) reselling, agency selling, and retailer agency selling. The supply chain can adopt two pricing strategies: uniform pricing (UP) and differential pricing (DP). Research indicates that expanding the number of channels may not always enhance profitability for suppliers and supply chain participants. Under strategy UP, the 3P platform opts for structure B, whereas the retailer favors structure C. Incorporating agency selling is advantageous for the manufacturer; however, structure A represents the least beneficial option for the supply chain. Under strategy DP, a substantial portion of the pareto optimal region is present. Intense competition and reduced agency fees lead both the supply chain as a whole and individual member to prefer structure A. The addition of a reselling or retailer agency channel boosts the manufacturer’s profits, and benefits the 3P platform, while structure D emerges as the least favorable option for the retailer. Furthermore, under strategy DP, structure C is rendered obsolete, signifying the retailer’s essential role in the supply chain to the advantage of all involved parties. This study advances the scholarly understanding of sales models and platform economies by offering valuable insights into the decision-making processes of manufacturers, third-party (3P) platforms, and retailers regarding channel structure choices in a 3P platform environment.
Übersetzung des Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tools (OKAT) und
Evaluierung der deutschen Version des OKATs
Authors: Möckel Luis , Kagerer Romina , Kretschmer Rainer
Published: October 2024

Einleitung Um bei Patient*innen den Wissensstand zur Osteoporose
abzufragen, ist ein validiertes Erhebungsinstrument zwingend notwendig. Aufgrund
des Fehlens eines deutschsprachigen Instruments wurde der aus 20 Items
bestehende, englischsprachige Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Test (OKAT)
strukturiert ins Deutsche übersetzt und für die deutsche Sprache bewertet.

Methoden Die Übersetzung des OKATs erfolgte im Forward-Backward-Verfahren.
Im Anschluss erfolgte die Bewertung des deutschen OKATs mit Hilfe einer
Test-Retest-Gruppe sowie einer Pilotgruppe unter anderem unter Berechnung des
Schwierigkeitsindex (prozentualer Anteil korrekter Antworten pro Item),
Cronbachʼs α, McDonalds ω und Pearsonʼs r.

Ergebnisse Es nahmen 22 Personen in der Test-Retest-Gruppe (6 davon im
Alter von 50+Jahre) und 265 Personen an der Pilotgruppe (41,89% im Alter von
50+Jahre) teil. Die deutsche Version des OKATs zeigte ein Cronbachʼs α von 0,79
(95% Konfidenzintervall [95% KI]: 0,75; 0,82) in der Pilotgruppe und ein
McDonalds ω von ebenfalls 0,79 (95% KI: 0,76; 0,83). Cronbachʼs α war in der
Test-Retest-Gruppe sowohl in der Test- (0,83 [95% KI: 0,70; 0,92]) als auch in
der Retest-Runde (0,86 [0,75; 0,93]) vergleichbar. Die Test-Retest-Reliabilität
der deutschen Version des OKATs war mit Pearsonʼs r von 0,87 (95% KI:
0,71; 0,95) als hoch einzuschätzen. Der Schwierigkeitsindex je Item lag mit
Ausnahmen von einem Item sowohl für die Test-Rest- als auch für die Pilotgruppe
bei Werten von 0,06 bis 0,66.

Schlussfolgerung Die deutsche Version des OKATs zeigt für die interne
Konsistenz, die Schwierigkeit und die Test-Retest-Reliabilität
zufriedenstellende Werte und könnte somit als Instrument zur Erfassung des
Osteoporosewissens in Deutschland eingesetzt werden.
The Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on the Quality of Life of Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sukumaran Geethi Krishna , Sunanda Asha Chellappan , George Shajul
Published: October 2024

Introduction In children, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that is caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy and is characterized by upper airway obstruction disturbing sleep.

Objective We conducted this study to evaluate health-related quality of life (QoL) in children with OSA before and after adenotonsillectomy.

Methods A descriptive, observational study was conducted among 43 children in the 4-to-12 years old age group who had symptoms of OSA due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and who underwent adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary care center during the period from February 2020 to February 2021. The QoL was assessed using the OSA-18 questionnaire preoperatively and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results Among the study population, males (72)%) were more affected with OSA, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Based on the OSA-18 questionnaire assessment, the most severe and frequently observed symptoms were in the domains of sleep disturbance and physical symptoms, in which the mean score was 77 preoperatively. After adenotonsillectomy, the mean OSA-18 score decreased to 28.605 and 22.465 at 2 and 6 months, respectively. At 2 months postsurgery, more significant improvement was noticed in sleep disturbances, physical symptoms, and parent's concern while at 6 months postsurgery, all domains showed equal improvement. Therefore, following adenotonsillectomy, the QoL improved significantly.

Conclusion Obstructive sleep apnea can adversely affect sleep quality as well as neurocognitive and cardiovascular functions. Adenotonsillectomy resulted in significant improvement in the QoL.
Do Anatomical Variations of Sphenoid Sinus Influence Sella Exposure and Residual Disease in Pituitary Surgery? — A Study in an Indian Population
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Aparna , Ganesan Sivaraman , Ramesh Andi Sadayandi , Ramesh Ananthakrishnan , Penubarathi Lokesh Kumar , Raja Kalaiarasi , Lakshmanan Jijitha , Khushwaha Akshat , Kaushal Koshika , Alexander Arun
Published: October 2024

Introduction Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) is the standard practice in pituitary surgeries. The sellar exposure becomes the main factor which determines the residual disease in ETS. Not many studies can be found in the literature on the influence of anatomical variations of the sphenoid on intraoperative sella exposure.

Objective The aim of the current study is to ascertain whether sphenoid sinus variations play a role in sellar exposure and residual tumor volume.

Methods This is a prospective study conducted in a south Indian tertiary care center between June 2020 to June 2022, with 21 study participants who were scheduled to have ETS. The relation of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters with the intraoperative area of sellar exposure and residual tumor volume was evaluated.

Results Sphenoid sinus dimensions, like presellar width (mean = 1.89 ± 0.51 cm), maximum width (mean = 2.94 ± 1.09 cm), presellar depth (mean = 1.14 ± 0.55 cm), suprasellar depth (mean = 1.08 ± 0.24 cm), infrasellar depth (mean = 2.36 ± 0.92 cm), presellar height (mean = 2.22 ± 0.47 cm), or the 9 internal carotid artery (ICA)-related measures, did not have any correlation with the mean intraoperative area of sellar exposure (0.57 ± 0.28 cm2). Also, the adequacy of sellar exposure did not relate to the residual tumor. Preoperative tumor volume was found to be higher (20.2 [55.3–13.2] cm3) in patients with residual tumor compared with those with no residual tumor (5.9 [6.8–5.2] cm3). Tumor extension had a significant association with the residual tumor volume.

Conclusion According to the present study, anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus do not influence the adequacy of sellar exposure. Further studies need to be undertaken concerning residual tumor volume as well as preoperative tumor volume and extension.
Medications to Modify Aspiration Risk: Those That Add to Risk and Those That May Reduce Risk
Authors: Gonçalves-Pereira João , Mergulhão Paulo , Froes Filipe
Published: October 2024

Aspiration pneumonia results from the abnormal entry of fluids into the respiratory tract. We present a review of drugs known to affect the risk of aspiration. Drugs that increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia can be broadly divided into those that affect protective reflexes (like cough and swallowing) due to direct or indirect mechanisms, and drugs that facilitate gastric dysbiosis or affect esophageal and intestinal motility. Chief among the first group are benzodiazepines and antipsychotics, while proton pump inhibitors are the most well-studied in the latter group. Pill esophagitis may also exacerbate swallowing dysfunction. On the other hand, some research has also focused on pharmaceutical modulation of the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been demonstrated to be associated with a decrease in the hazard of aspiration pneumonia in high-risk patients of Chinese or Japanese origin. Drugs like amantadine, nicergoline, or folic acid have shown some promising results in stroke patients, although the available evidence is thus far not enough to allow for any meaningful conclusions. Importantly, antimicrobial prophylaxis has been proven to be ineffective. Focusing on modifiable risk factors for aspiration pneumonia is relevant since this may help to reduce the incidence of this often severe problem. Among these, several commonly used drug classes have been shown to increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. These drugs should be withheld in the high-risk population whenever possible, alongside general measures, such as the semirecumbent position during sleep and feeding.
Hydrothermal preparation of magnesium alloy surface composite coatings and its performance research
Authors: Zhang Qimo , Jia Haojie , Cheng Lei , Wang Haixiong
Published: October 2024

Magnesium alloys have great potential for industrial and aerospace applications due to their low density and high strength. Aiming at its defects of poor corrosion resistance and susceptibility to galvanic coupling corrosion in metal coatings, a composite coating was prepared on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy by the hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface micromorphology, phase composition, and elemental valence and evaluate the adhesion of the coating to the substrate by the ASTM D3359-09 test standard. Electrochemical experiments were done in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that there are nanoscale dense granular structures on the surface of the samples, and the main components of the coatings are Mg(OH)2, Al2O3, and MgSiO3. ASTM grade 4B is between coating and substrate. The corrosion rate of the best sample was reduced by a factor of 238.96 compared to the substrate, and the corrosion current density was reduced by two orders of magnitude. The corrosion rate and corrosion current of the samples after repeated friction did not change much compared with those before friction, which proved that the composite coating had better corrosion resistance and friction stability.
Coordinated optimization model of urban multi-energy supply and ecological environment restoration based on “novel energy cell”
Authors: Liu Shuo , Teng Yun , Chen Zhe
Published: October 2024

A coordinated optimization model of urban multi-energy supply and ecological environment restoration based on “novel energy cell” cluster is proposed in the paper for dealing the rapid growth of the proportion of renewable energy and the increasing requirements of compatibility and coordination between urban ecological environment governance facilities and multi-energy systems, which contain electricity, heat, cold, and gas. First, the concept of novel energy cell and its mechanism model, which has ecological restoration functions such as sewage and waste treatment, is proposed in the paper. Second, the interaction mechanism between multi-energy supply benefits and ecological restoration benefits in the novel energy cell cluster is studied, and the quantification model of the comprehensive benefits of the novel energy cell cluster is established. Then, with the objectives of the maximum energy saving rate, the maximum emission reduction of system pollutants, and the minimum total operating costs of the system, a comprehensive benefit optimization model of urban multi-energy system and its solving algorithm are established. Finally, a simulation model is established. The simulation results show that the proposed method is conducive to the coordinated development of the integration of energy, environment, and economy of the city.
Sub-laminar surface drag due to the “roller-bearing effect” over butterfly scale inspired grooves
Authors: Lang Amy W. , Gautam Sashank , Santos Leonardo , Habegger Maria L.
Published: October 2024

This experimental study investigates the fluid dynamic function of butterfly scales to reduce friction drag below that experienced in a laminar boundary layer. A previous study on flight-testing live monarch butterflies showed that the removal of the scales from the wings had a significant effect on reducing flying efficiency. Monarch butterfly scales have a typical size of 0.1 mm in length, where the tips of the scales extend slightly upward to create microscopic grooves within a roof-shingle patterned surface. The hypothesis was tested that flow passing transverse to the grooves, for very low Reynolds number flow (Red < 10, based on cavity depth) as would occur on a butterfly wing, would result in the formation of cavity vortices that result in a partial slip condition to the outer boundary layer flow, resulting in reduced surface or skin friction drag. This flow phenomenon is designated the “roller-bearing effect.” Tow tank studies, using both water and high viscosity mineral oil to vary the Reynolds number, measured the flow over various butterfly scale inspired grooves, or transverse cavity, models. A flow visualization study first proved the presence of an entrapped vortex inside each cavity that can act as a fluidic bearing. Drag measurements, using a momentum analysis of the velocity field obtained by digital particle image velocimetry, confirmed the presence of sub-laminar drag at low Reynolds numbers for multiple groove geometries. Results also confirmed that drag reduction is lost, as the Reynolds number increases an order of magnitude, due to instabilities developing for the embedded cavity flow.