bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of Portuguese radiation oncologists knowledge and practice in relation to geriatric oncology
Authors: Rodrigues Pinto Edna Darlene , Almeida Paulo , López Escarlata , Teixeira Laetitia
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Cancer is a major health concern in Portugal, especially among older adults, who represent nearly half of new cases. Radiation therapy (RT) is crucial in their treatment, emphasizing the need for improved education in geriatric oncology for radiation oncologists (RO).

Methods:

A pretested 22-item online survey on RO’s geriatric oncology knowledge was disseminated.

Results:

The analysis involved 52 respondents, including 13 residents (25%) and 39 consultants (75%); RO were asked to specify the age threshold they considered to define an older cancer patient. Their responses were as follows: 60 years (n = 2, 3·8%), 65 years (n = 7, 13·5%), 68 years (n = 1, 1·9%), 70 years (n = 29, 55·8%), 75 years (n = 10, 19·2%) and 80 years (n = 2, 3·8%). Forty-six respondents (88·5%) acknowledged an observed increase in the number of older cancer patients in RT departments. Twenty-nine participants (55·8%) reported that age was considered either most of the time or always in clinical decisions. Regarding frailty screening, it was performed by 15 participants (28·8%), while four participants (7·7%) stated that frailty was assessed during comprehensive geriatric assessment in another department. Of those implementing screening tools, nine (17·3%) utilized the G8 tool, and two respondents (3·8%) employed the Triage Risk Screening Tool. Most respondents reported a lack of awareness regarding specific guidelines for older cancer patients, and 98·1% expressed the need for enhanced training in geriatric oncology.

Conclusion:

The study highlights a critical need for improved training in geriatric oncology among RO professionals. Furthermore, the findings underscore the imperative for treatment decisions to reflect an understanding beyond chronological age, emphasizing the necessity of addressing this knowledge gap in clinical practice.
Evaluating the Ethical Responsibility of Environmental Planning Law in Perpetuating Settler Colonialism Using a Transnational Legal Lens
Authors: Govind Paul J.
Published: January 2025

This article investigates whether environmental planning law can demonstrate ethical responsibility for its role in settler colonialism. Planning law contributes to settler colonialism by diminishing, excluding, and eliminating alternative views of land that are fundamental to First Nations culture, philosophy, and law/lore. The article adopts a transnational legal frame that recognizes and promotes First Nations as sovereign. The investigation is focused primarily on the planning law system in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, while being guided by interpretations and applications of the rights of First Nations peoples by courts in Canada. It is argued that state planning law in NSW fails to give effect to ethical responsibility because its operation continues to dominate and marginalize Aboriginal legal culture by eroding the necessary ontological and epistemic relationships with land. However, there is potential for change. Opportunities to disrupt settler colonialism have emerged through bottom-up litigation, which has promoted interpretations, applications, and implementation of law that can be performed in ways that resonate with Canadian case law. While the absence of treaty or constitution-based rights protection in NSW and Australia means that the transplant is not seamless, the article argues that laws should not be interpreted and applied in ways that perpetuate settler colonialism where alternative interpretations can lead to a different outcome.
Optofluidic paper-based analytical device for discriminative detection of organic substances via digital color coding
Authors: Choi Jinsol , Oh Chi Yeung , Qian Gong , Shim Tae Soup , Jeong Heon-Ho
Published: January 2025

Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances. Herein, we propose an optofluidic paper-based analytical device (PAD) that consists of a macromolecule-driven flow (MDF) gate and photonic crystal (PhC) coding units, enabling portable and scalable detection and discrimination of various organic chemical, mimicking the olfactory system. The MDF gate is designed for precise flow control of liquid analytes, which depends on intermolecular interactions between the polymer at the MDF gate and the liquid analytes. Subsequently, the PhC coding unit allows for visualizing the result obtained from the MDF gate and generating differential optical patterns. We fabricate an optofluidic PAD by integrating two coding units into a three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic paper within a 3D-printed cartridge. The optofluidic PADs clearly distinguish 11 organic chemicals with digital readout of pattern recognition from colorimetric signals. We believe that our optofluidic coding strategy mimicking the olfactory system opens up a wide range of potential applications in colorimetric monitoring of chemicals observed in environment.
Pediatric erythromelalgia from multidisciplinary perspectives: a scoping review
Authors: Ocay Don Daniel , Graziano Maloney Maria , D’Souza Genevieve , Brownstein Catherine A. , Clinch Jacqui , Davis Dawn Marie , De Ranieri Deirdre , Donado Carolina , Halpin Meghan , Kattail Deepa , Lee Benjamin Howard , Lobo Kimberly , Ravetti Danielle , Sandroni Paola , Stinson Jennifer N. , Tham See Wan , Walco Gary A. , Walker Suellen M. , Yu Timothy W. , Berde Charles B.
Published: January 2025

Erythromelalgia is a rare, chronic pain disorder characterized by the triad of intense burning sensation, warmth, and redness, primarily involving the hands and feet, and usually alleviated by cold and worsened by heat. The objective of this scoping review was to: 1) map the existing literature on erythromelalgia in youth, 2) identify knowledge gaps, and 3) inform directions for future research in pediatric erythromelalgia. One hundred and sixty-seven studies reporting 411 cases of childhood-onset erythromelalgia were identified. Variability was found in reporting of clinical symptoms, the clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria used for classification of erythromelagia, the clinical assessments and investigations performed, and the types of interventions and management plans utilised. While factors to aid early recognition and optimize management have been identified, there are also significant gaps for future research to address. Ongoing efforts to develop a multicenter registry of pediatric erythromelalgia cases, with standardized data collection and reporting, will be beneficial to establish consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of pediatric erythromelalgia.

Impact

This scoping review maps the existing literature on pediatric erythromelalgia.

Variability was found in reporting of clinical symptoms, the clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria used for classification of erythromelagia, the clinical assessments and investigations performed, and the types of interventions and management plans utilised.

The development of an international registry would immensely benefit multidisciplinary experts involved in the care of pediatric erythromelalgia and those with lived experience.
Hydroclimatic extremes threaten groundwater quality and stability
Authors: Schroeter Simon A. , Orme Alice May , Lehmann Katharina , Lehmann Robert , Chaudhari Narendrakumar M. , Küsel Kirsten , Wang He , Hildebrandt Anke , Totsche Kai Uwe , Trumbore Susan , Gleixner Gerd
Published: January 2025

Heavy precipitation, drought, and other hydroclimatic extremes occur more frequently than in the past climate reference period (1961–1990). Given their strong effect on groundwater recharge dynamics, these phenomena increase the vulnerability of groundwater quantity and quality. Over the course of the past decade, we have documented changes in the composition of dissolved organic matter in groundwater. We show that fractions of ingressing surface-derived organic molecules increased significantly as groundwater levels declined, whereas concentrations of dissolved organic carbon remained constant. Molecular composition changeover was accelerated following 2018’s extreme summer drought. These findings demonstrate that hydroclimatic extremes promote rapid transport between surface ecosystems and groundwaters, thereby enabling xenobiotic substances to evade microbial processing, accrue in greater abundance in groundwater, and potentially compromise the safe nature of these potable water sources. Groundwater quality is far more vulnerable to the impact of recent climate anomalies than is currently recognized, and the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter can be used as a comprehensive indicator for groundwater quality deterioration.
A dataset for evaluating clinical research claims in large language models
Authors: Zhang Boya , Bornet Alban , Yazdani Anthony , Khlebnikov Philipp , Milutinovic Marija , Rouhizadeh Hossein , Amini Poorya , Teodoro Douglas
Published: January 2025

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance the verification of health claims. However, issues with hallucination and comprehension of logical statements require these models to be closely scrutinized in healthcare applications. We introduce CliniFact, a scientific claim dataset created from hypothesis testing results in clinical research, covering 992 unique interventions for 22 disease categories. The dataset used study arms and interventions, primary outcome measures, and results from clinical trials to derive and label clinical research claims. These claims were then linked to supporting information describing clinical trial results in scientific publications. CliniFact contains 1,970 instances from 992 unique clinical trials related to 1,540 unique publications. When evaluating LLMs against CliniFact, discriminative models, such as BioBERT with an accuracy of 80.2%, outperformed generative counterparts, such as Llama3-70B, which reached 53.6% accuracy (p-value < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the potential of CliniFact as a benchmark for evaluating LLM performance in clinical research claim verification.
Sex disparities in the association between rare earth elements exposure and genetic mutation frequencies in lung cancer patients
Authors: Liu Mengyuan , Zhang Jiali , Duan Xiaohong , Zhou Qiming , Chen Jing , Liu Siyao , Su Junyan , Han Li , Yang Fan , Qian Niansong
Published: January 2025

The ubiquitous use of rare earth elements (REEs) in modern living environments raised concern about their impact on human health. With the detrimental and beneficial effects of REEs reported by different studies, the genuine role of REEs in the human body remains a mystery. This study explored the association between REEs and genetic mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). A cohort of 53 LUAD patients underwent tumor DNA sequencing (1123 cancer-related genes) and plasma REE (lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), and yttrium (Y)) quantification. We found divergent relationships between plasma REE levels and mutation load between sexes. Specifically, Ce levels and mutation load were positively correlated in males but negatively correlated in females, while La exposure exhibited opposite associations in the two sexes. This observation was validated using the Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) model. Additionally, plasma REE levels was associated with specific mutation types and variant allele frequencies (VAFs) of particular genes in a sex-dependent manner. Mutational signature analysis revealed sex-specific associations of La with indel signatures. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between plasma REE levels and genetic mutations in LUAD, emphasizing the need for a personalized, sex-oriented approach to understand and treat this disease.
Tropical fruit-derived Lactiplantibacillus as potential probiotic and antifungal agents against Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Vasundaradevi R. , Sarvajith M. , Divyashree S. , Deepa N. , Achar Premila N. , Sreenivasa M. Y.
Published: January 2025

Fifty-five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from seven selected tropical fruits, with Solanum nigrum exhibiting the highest LAB prevalence and Couroupita guianenis and Musa fruits showing the lowest counts. Two strains isolated from Ficus racemosa demonstrated significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. 16S rDNA sequencing identified these strains as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MYSVCF3 and Lpb. argentoratensis MYSVCF5. The isolates displayed adaptability to a broad range of environmental conditions, including temperatures of 10–45 °C, pH 2–6, and salt up to 7%. The strains tolerated simulated gastrointestinal conditions of acid (pH-2), phenol (0.6%), and bile (0.3%) suggesting potential probiotic attributes. Lpb. argentoratensis MYSVCF5 inhibited F. oxysporum, two ESKAPE group bacteria (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus) plus S. paratyphi and E. coli. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lpb. argentoratensis MYSVCF5 reduced the growth of fungal biomass by 94% and completely inhibited conidial germination, retaining activity even after extended cold storage. LC–MS/MS analysis identified organic acids in the CFS, with citric acid as the most abundant at 34.9 (± 0.3) µg/mL, followed by lactic (8.3 µg/mL) and malic acids (5.2 µg/mL). This study isolated a novel LAB, a potential candidate having probiotics and antifungal properties for application in food and agriculture.
Metabolomics identifies plasma biomarkers of localized radiation injury
Authors: Ancel Lucie , Grison Stéphane , Gabillot Olivier , Gueguen Jules , Svilar Ljubica , Guen Bernard Le , Gruel Gaëtan , Benderitter Marc , Martin Jean-Charles , Souidi Maâmar , Tamarat Radia , Flamant Stéphane , Benadjaoud Mohamed Amine
Published: January 2025

A radiological accident may result in the development of a local skin radiation injury (LRI) which may evolve, depending on the dose, from dry desquamation to deep ulceration and necrosis through unpredictable inflammatory waves. Therefore, early diagnosis of victims of LRI is crucial for improving medical care efficiency. This preclinical study aims to identify circulating metabolites as biomarkers associated with LRI using a C57BL/6J mouse model of hind limb irradiation. More precisely, two independent mice cohorts were used to conduct a broad-spectrum profiling study followed by a suspect screening analysis performed on plasma metabolites by mass spectrometry. An integrative analysis was conducted through a multi-block sparse partial least square discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) to establish multi-scale correlations between specific metabolites levels and biological, physiological (injury severity), and functional parameters (skin perfusion). The identified biomarker signature consists in a 6-metabolite panel including putrescine, uracil, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, L-alanine and pyroglutamate, that can discriminate mice according to radiation dose and injury severity. Our results demonstrate relevant molecular signature associated with LRI in mice and support the use of plasma metabolites as suitable molecular biomarkers for LRI prognosis and diagnosis.
The segmentation of nanoparticles with a novel approach of HRU2-Net†
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Heng , Liang Fengfeng , Liu Guangjie , Zhu Jinlong
Published: January 2025

Nanoparticles have great potential for the application in new energy and aerospace fields. The distribution of nanoparticle sizes is a critical determinant of material properties and serves as a significant parameter in defining the characteristics of zero-dimensional nanomaterials. In this study, we proposed HRU2-Net†, an enhancement of the U2-Net† model, featuring multi-level semantic information fusion. This approach exhibits strong competitiveness and refined segmentation capabilities for nanoparticle segmentation. It achieves a Mean intersection over union (MIoU) of 87.31%, with an accuracy rate exceeding 97.31%, leading to a significant improvement in segmentation effectiveness and precision. The results show that the deep learning-based method significantly enhances the efficacy of nanomaterial research, which holds substantial significance for the advancement of nanomaterial science.
Biosynthesis in Insects
Authors: Morgan E. David
Published: January 2025

The chemical study of insects has been growing for four decades, and with it an interest in how insects make their pheromones, hormones, defensive secretions, venoms, pigments and surface coverings. By investigating the biosynthesis of insects, one can gain a greater insight into the structure and function of insect compounds, into ways of disrupting biosynthetic reactions in pest species and how these pathways evolved. The first textbook of its kind, Biosynthesis in Insects amalgamates previously fragmented information and recent exciting developments in the field to provide a unique, concise chemical study of how insect substances are biosynthesised. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the ways that have been investigated, by which a great variety of insects, and some related arthropods, make their so-called secondary metabolites. Simpler biosynthetic pathways are explored before considering the experimental methods by which these studies are conducted. Consideration is also given to some of the plant substances which insects store or metabolize to their own use. Abundantly illustrated with structures and reactions, and some beautiful photographs, Biosynthesis in Insects includes a series of problems and answers to facilitate and assess learning, making this unique look at biosynthesis in insects and their near relations ideal for students with some chemical background starting out on a study of insect substances. Researchers and academics will also welcome the amalgamation of previously scattered information. Including an index of compounds and species, and lists for further reading, this book provides a truly unique source for those working in the field.
Fabrication of high-density vertical CNT arrays using thin porous alumina template for biosensing applications
Authors: Tishkevich Daria I. , Vorobjova Alla I. , Outkina Elena A. , Razanau Ihar U. , Zubar Tatiana I. , Rotkovich Anastasia A. , Bondaruk Anastasia A. , Sayyed M. I. , Trukhanov Sergei V. , Silibin M. V. , Gerasimenko A. Yu. , Fedosyuk Valery M. , Trukhanov Alex V.
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the process of forming arrays of vertically oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) localized on metal electrodes using thin porous anodic alumina (PAA) on a solid substrate.
Immobilized laccase of Galactomyces geotrichum on modified bentonite and its use in the bioremediation of olive mill wastewater
Authors: Pourkhanali Khadijeh , Khayati Gholam
Published: January 2025

Bioremediation of OMW by immobilized laccase on modified bentonite.
Physical properties of circumnuclear ionising clusters II. NGC 7469
Authors: Zamora S. , Díaz A.I.
Published: January 2025

Circumnuclear star-forming regions (CNSFRs) found close to galactic nuclei are ionised by massive clusters. These entities give us an excellent opportunity to study star formation in environments with high metallicity, and to relate it with active galactic nuclei.

Our principal aim is to derive the physical properties and dynamical masses of the CNSFRs in the two rings of the spiral NGC 7469, categorised as a luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) and hosting a Seyfert 1 nucleus.

We used archival data obtained with the MUSE spectrograph.
The galaxy shows two prominent star-forming rings, one of them very close to their active galactic nucleus, within 1.5 arcsec from the galaxy centre. We constructed 2D flux maps of the different emission lines and two continuum bands. A map of the EW(Hα) emission shows the circumnuclear regions within the rings having EW(Hα) > 50 Å, consistent with the presence of recent star formation. All emission lines appear to have at least two kinematical components. We ascribe the most intense and narrow component to the emission lines originated by the ionising star-forming complexes (SFC) since they follow the radial velocity of the galaxy disc.

For each HII region, we derived the number rate of Lyman continuum photons; the gas electron density; the ionisation parameter; the filling factor; and the mass of ionised hydrogen. We used sulphur as a tracer for chemical abundances with the temperature-sensitive SIII λ 6312 Å emission line having been measured in ∼ 50 % of the total, allowing the derivation of abundances by the direct method. The evolutionary state of the SFC was inferred with the help of population synthesis models yielding mean ages of 5.7 Ma, agreeing with the presence of the broad Wolf--Rayet (WR) carbon feature at λ 5800 Å detected in all the regions. Ionising (lower limits) and photometric SFC masses were estimated from the number of Lyman continuum photons and absolute r-magnitudes using stellar population synthesis techniques, and give median values of 2.3 times 10^6 and 6.9 times 10^6, respectively. The dynamical masses (upper limit) were derived from the measured absorption CaT velocity dispersion and the sizes of each cluster were measured on continuum light, assuming virialisation, and yield a median value of 6.7 times 10^8. Regions in the studied galaxy show sizes larger than implied by simple photo-ionisation models, which can be explained by the stellar winds produced by WR stars. The inner ring regions seem to be more compact than the outer ones. The young stellar population of the clusters has contributions of ionising populations with ages around 5 Ma, and its masses constitute less than 1% of the total dynamical mass of each SFC. Finally, the comparison between the characteristics of the inner and outer ring ionising clusters, together with their derived dynamical masses, point to circumnuclear regions close to the active galactic nucleus being more compact and having higher gas density.
A comprehensive bibliometric and patent landscape of solar desalination: Trends, innovations, and global contributions
Authors: Belmehdi Fatima , Othmani Samira , Taha Janan Mourad
Published: January 2025

The global water scarcity crisis, driven by increasing demand and declining freshwater supplies, necessitates innovative solutions like solar desalination, which uses abundant seawater and solar energy to produce fresh water. This study applies a bibliometric analysis to solar desalination, revealing a sharp rise in publications and patents after 2010. SCOPUS data identifies six main research areas, including “Engineering” and “Environmental Science.” India leads in publications with 1,668, while China dominates patent filings and academic influence. Patent data from PATSNAP shows that 71% of patents are inventions, with 33% still active. Significant innovations include a plasmon-enhanced solar desalination device, as noted in the most cited publication, while solar-driven inter-facial evaporation is emerging. Key patents highlight agile light control for solar desalination and a multi-effect distillation system that optimizes energy use. These breakthroughs not only improve efficiency but also offer adaptable, sustainable solutions to address global water and energy challenges.
How Far the Humanistic User Experience in Workspace Collaboration Can Foster Self-Competence and Teamwork: Indonesian Organizational View
Authors: Grace Herlina Maria , Ozgen Eren , Iskandar Karto
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the influence of Humanistic User Experience (HUX) in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) workspaces on self-competence and teamwork within Indonesian organisations. Utilising a cross-sectional survey and the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the research analyses responses from 305 employees in Greater Jakarta. The findings reveal that HUX significantly enhances self-competence, which, in turn, positively impacts teamwork. Self-competence is a critical mediator in the relationship between HUX and teamwork, highlighting the role of individual competencies in fostering collaborative outcomes. This study emphasises the importance of integrating humanistic principles in ICT design to create supportive work environments that enhance employee well-being and productivity. The implications suggest that organisations should adopt technologies that prioritise user-centred features to improve both individual competencies and teamwork. Future research should expand these findings across different cultural and organisational contexts to validate the results further.
Detection and Management of Water Stress at Plants by Deep Learning and Image processing Case-study of Tomato
Authors: Guerbaoui Mohammed , Ichou Ismail , Bakziz Zakaria , Selmani Abdelouahed , El Faiz Samira , Ed-Dahhak Abdelali , Benhala Bachir , Lachhab Abdeslam
Published: January 2025

This project aims to develop an innovative technique for detecting water stress in tomato plants using deep learning and image processing techniques, and to integrate it into a mobile application for real-time monitoring. The methodology adopted includes the acquisition and preprocessing of image data, the construction and training of a deep learning model, and the development of a user-friendly mobile application. The results show a promising performance of the model in the precise detection of water stress, confirming the usefulness and usability of the developed mobile application.
Simulation and analysis of ZnO/SWCNT solar cell using the SCAPS-1D program
Authors: Najim Abdelhafid , Laassouli Abdelmounaim , Moulaoui Lhouceine , Bajjou Omar , Rahmani Khalid
Published: January 2025

The exceptional optical and electrical properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) material present significant potential for solar cells, especially when used with zinc oxide (ZnO) as a buffer layer. This study examines the electrical characteristics and performance metrics of ZnO/SWCNT solar cells using the SCAPS-1D software. Understanding the impact of various factors such as temperature, thickness, and operational resistors (Rs and Rsh) on the performance of this photovoltaic device is crucial. The ZnO/SWCNT solar cell demonstrates impressive power conversion efficiency (η = 24.42 %), an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.7740 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 40.303777 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 78.27 %. These parameters can be further enhanced through optimization, resulting in an efficiency of η = 26.44 %. Therefore, the results of this simulation suggest the potential for highly efficient solar cells and significant future technological advancements.
Comparative analysis of the performance of Shingle and Standard photovoltaic technologies in the environmental conditions of El Jadida
Authors: El Alami Yassine , Zohal Bouchaib , Bendaoud Rachid , Rhiat Mohammed , Rabhi Abdelhamid , Benhala Bachir , Hirech Kamal , Baghaz Elhadi
Published: January 2025

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two solar interconnection technologies, shingle and standard, under the specific operational conditions of the city of El Jadida, Morocco. We studied Dualsun PV modules, using shingle technology, and Almaden PV modules, based on standard technology. Performance parameters such as module temperature, efficiency and performance ratio were measured and analyzed. The results reveal that the temperature of the module using shingle technology (Dualsun PV module) is lower than that of the modules using standard technology (Almaden PV module), leading to better performance for the Dualsun PV module. In addition, the difference between the electrical efficiency of the Almaden PV module and the values provided by the manufacturer is 14.65%, while for the Dualsun module the largest difference is 12.71%. In addition, the Dualsun module has the highest average performance Ratio (90.5%), compared with 90% for the Almaden module.
Production of solid biofuel via hydrothermal carbonization of wood shavings: Influence of biomass-to-water ratio and carbonization temperature on the fuel characteristics of dried hydrochar
Authors: Aliyu Mohammed , Iwabuchi Kazunori , Itoh Takanori
Published: January 2025

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is recognised as a low temperature and efficient method for the conversion of biomass to solid biofuel. In this study, the effect of process temperature and biomass-to-water ratio (B/W) on the fuel properties of hydrochar produced from wood shavings was investigated. HTC was conducted in an autoclave using reaction temperature of 230 °C and 260 °C for 20 minutes with B/W ratio of 0.11 to 0.43. The produced hydrochars were characterised by the mass yield (MY), higher heating value (HHV), proximate and ultimate properties. The results showed that the properties of the hydrochars improved with increasing process temperature and B/W ratio. The higher heating value (HHV) increased to 26.74 MJ/kg as the severity of the reaction was increased to the process temperature of 260 °C. Also, the atomic H/C and O/C ratios of hydrochars carbonised at 230 °C and 260 °C were closed to the regions of a peat and lignite on the plotted van Krevelen diagram. Hence, the produced hydrochar has a promising potential as a sustainable solid biofuel for energy application.
Augmented Reality Green Training: Elevating Environmental Knowledge and Driving Pro-Environmental Behaviour Among Indonesian White-Collar Workers
Authors: Grace Herlina Maria , Iskandar Karto , Triana Ika
Published: January 2025

This study is conducted to analyse the impact of AR Green Training in enhancing environmental knowledge and further indulging in the creation of pro-environmental behaviour among white-collar workers working in Indonesia. Results from this quantitative research design distinctly engaged participants from Greater Jakarta with an augmented reality-enhanced training program, analysing data with structural equation modelling. The results show that augmented reality green training improves their knowledge about the environment significantly, and that very factor, in turn, catalyses pro-environmental behaviour. This confirms the hypothesis that environmental knowledge mediates AR training and pro-environmental behaviour. These findings underline, therefore, the utility of AR as a very strong educational tool for corporate sustainability initiatives in increasing knowledge and changing real behaviour towards environmental stewardship. The value that the study adds to the literature is that it demonstrates the effectiveness of immersive technologies in environmental education and strengthens the theoretical underpinning for TPB within a new context. The implications suggest that businesses can enhance their sustainability efforts by integrating AR into their training programs, which may significantly impact the environment. It is thus a call for further research in the sphere of long-term behavioural change and integration of new technologies in environmental training.
Higher performance enhancement of direct torque control by using Space Vector Modulation for doubly fed induction machine
Authors: Gouaamar Radouan , El Fadl Adiba , Bri Seddik , Mekrini Zineb
Published: January 2025

This research work aims at current literature review and extensive performance improvement in Direct Torque Control using Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) by considering Doubly Fed Induction Machines. In order to determine the effectiveness of DFIM, significant focus needs to be placed on its speed control design. For highly perturbed systems, traditional Proportional-Integral (PI) speed controllers fail as their gain values are a function of system parameters that inherently change such as engine properties. Therefore, a strong speed controller is necessary to realize high-performance drives. To overcome these confrontations, the proposed study presents backstepping speed control which performs better in terms of accuracy of speed, dynamic tracking and robustness against load disturbances. All proposed control algorithms have been subjected to rigorous tests and simulations using a MATLAB/Simulink environment. A comprehensive study comparing the performance of these speed control within DTC framework is carried out with a detailed insight to important metrics such as dynamic response, reference tracking, torque ripple content involved and complexity among others. This study discusses the pros and cons of all mentioned methods, which helps in better understanding for optimal speed control selection to improve DFIM performance at different operating conditions. The results of this research should help in the further development of control strategies for electric machines to make them more efficient and reliable when used.
Optimizing and Enhancing Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices
Authors: Amri Chaymae , Gaouzi Khawla , Jilbab Abdelilah , el Yousfi Alaoui My Hachem , Azrar Lahcen
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a study on energy harvesting from very low excitation frequencies 0.7 Hz, 0.9 Hz, and 1 Hz simulating a pedestrian’s walking motion using a piezoelectric energy generator. This generator is based on a cantilever beam model with a concentrated mass at its end. A more complex model was considered, incorporating a test mass of 1 g after various manual mass adjustments. Upon validation through modelling and simulation, the energy harvesting system produced power recoveries of 68 mW, 98 mW, and 196 mW for frequencies of 1 Hz, 0.9 Hz, and 0.7 Hz, respectively. The system was further optimized electrically using the Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (SSHI) method, which inverts the piezoelectric voltage, increasing the amplitude of the crenels and enhancing the device’s efficiency. This optimization resulted in harvested power increases to 139 mW, 190.3 mW, and 396 mW at the respective frequencies. Overall, power recovery improved by 50% following the electrical optimization. These results demonstrate the potential to enhance and scale up the system for harvesting and storing energy in batteries through a larger-scale prototype. This technology provides a renewable and unlimited energy source, particularly useful for biomedical sensors with strict energy requirements.
Integrating Sustainable HRM, AI, and Employee Well-Being to Enhance Engagement in Greater Jakarta: An SDG 3 Perspective
Authors: Grace Herlina Maria , Iskandar Karto
Published: January 2025

This study explores a combination of Sustainable Human Resource Management and Artificial Intelligence on employee well-being with a view to improving employee engagement for workers in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. We applied Chi-Square and Rasch Model analyses on data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 366 employees. The results yield significant positive associations between the sustainability of HRM practices and employee engagement along with those of well-being and engagement. However, it also noted that the integration of AI technology enhances employee engagement by reducing workload and enhancing decision-making support. Therefore, these findings emphasize the need to adopt sustainable HRM practices that aim to guarantee employee welfare and well-being, resulting in a more productive and engaged workforce. Contribution to the literature: A multidimensional model of employee engagement that integrates the role of sustainability, well-being, and technology. Practical implications include organizations investing in holistic HRM strategies that are commensurate with their sustainability goals and using AI to leverage value-added responses in employees. Future research directions could also be suggested, such as longitudinal studies and a broader approach to sampling, thereby enhancing generalizability across diverse contexts.
3D Clay Printing: A Taguchi Approach To Rheological Properties And Printability Assessment
Authors: Rihani Nadir , Oulkhir Fatima-Zahra , Igwe Nnamdi C. , Akhrif Iatimad , El Jai Mostapha
Published: January 2025

In the general context of 3D clay printing and sustainable mix design, reaching optimal printing quality and structural integrity requires a thorough understanding of the fresh paste and solid properties of earthen materials. This study investigates the rheology of Benjellik clay using Taguchi Design plan, focusing on the effects of particle size and water content on the related fresh paste properties. A set of nine clay formulations were analysed in terms of yield stress, plastic viscosity, consistency, and flow number according to both Bingham and Bulkley models. Results revealed that water to binder ratio (W/B) mainly impacts rheological properties; it reduces yield stress and plastic viscosity while increasing the flow number. Moreover, the pre-selected raw particle sizes had irrelevant impact due to similarities of the related statistical distributions as corroborated by laser granulometry tests. Furthermore, optimal layer heights to nozzle diameter ratio was found to be around 0.55 enhancing the material flowability and scanned tracks features. Finally, the findings emphasize the crucial role of W/B along with the layer height to nozzle size ratios in stabilizing the printability of clay materials, offering a confident printing parameters area for optimizing both 3D printing clay of Fez region of Morocco.
Comparative study of conventional sliding mode control and integral sliding mode control for a bidirectional dc-dc converter in an electric vehicle charger
Authors: Oualifi Khadija , Abouobaida Hassan , Mchaouar Youssef , Fathelkhair Abdelmoghit , Akli Hajar , Abouelmahjoub Younes
Published: January 2025

Bidirectional dc-dc converters are crucial for integrating electric vehicles (EVs) with the electrical grid, facilitating both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle to grid (V2G) energy transfers. Nonetheless, effectively controlling bidirectional energy flow poses significant challenges. This study compares two control methods, the conventional sliding mode controller (CSMC) and the integral sliding mode controller (ISMC), as applied to a bidirectional dc-dc converter. The dc-dc converter functions in two distinct modes: during grid to vehicle (G2V), it operates in buck mode to charge the battery using either constant current or constant voltage based on the battery’s voltage level; and during vehicle-to-grid (V2G), it switches to boost mode to discharge battery power into the grid at a constant current. The proposed controllers were simulated using MATLABK/Simulink and compared with a traditional linear PI controller. The simulation results highlight the efficiency and superiority of ISMC over both CSMC and PI control. In particular, ISMC offers superior performance in terms of response time and accuracy.
Synergy between Embedded and Non-Embedded Sensors in IoT Networks for Structural Health Monitoring of Concrete Structures: A Literature Review
Authors: Najem Oumayma , Benbrahim Mohammed , Kabbaj Mohammed Nabil , Boumhidi Jaouad
Published: January 2025

The natural aging process of civil constructions results in material degradation, which lowers the structure’s resilience and serviceability. To prevent tragic malfunctions, this natural eventuality needs to be monitored closely. While in situ, non-intrusive, periodic techniques have become more popular, however, a remote and continuous monitoring solution is still required. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is increasingly embraced thanks to advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) being combined and infused. The main topics of this review are the foundations of SHM as a form of Non-intrusive evaluations and how it connects to the Internet of Things (IoT) for civil constructions. This paper also covers the numerous kinds of sensors that are utilized for SHM, namely embedded sensors including piezoelectric and fiber optic sensors, and non-embedded sensors such as accelerometers and strain gauges. Through case studies, the practical applications of SHM are illustrated, emphasizing its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Additionally, this review also discusses the difficulties of the automatic damage detection of structures, and the need for innovative solutions. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the economic advantages linked to the application of SHM.
Circular thin plates buckling analysis with HRPIM method
Authors: Baid Sokayna , Hilali Youssef , Mesmoudi Saïd , Bourihane Oussama
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to introduce a new approach to simulate geometrically nonlinear problems that require shape functions with higher order continuity such as the buckling analysis of circular thin and thick plates based on two theories; Classical plate theory (CPT) and Third order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT). The algorithm integrates high-order continuation (HOC) solver and the Hermite-type radial point interpolation method (HRPIM). The in-plane displacement is approximated with RPIM method, while the HRPIM approach is used to compute the transverse component and its derivatives. The governing partial differential equations are discretized using the Galerkin method and solved by combining a Taylor series expansion with a continuation procedure. The paper includes two numerical examples of clamped and simply supported circular plates subjected to radial compression. The critical buckling loads have been calculated for different values of h/R ratio and compared with Finite Elements Method to illustrate the efficiency, robustness and accuracy of this approach across various boundary conditions.
Comparative Analysis of Battery State of Charge Estimation Methods
Authors: Margal Ali , El Daoudi Soukaina , Khallouq Abdelmounaim , Karama Asma
Published: January 2025

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, buses, etc., due to their high-power density, long lifespan, and high energy density. To efficiently manage energy in these vehicles, a Battery Management System (BMS) is crucial. A critical parameter for the BMS is the State of Charge (SoC), which indicates the available charge in the battery and ensures its operational range. This paper presents three methods for estimating SoC: the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the adaptive Luenberger observer (ALO), and a neural network model employing nonlinear auto-regressive with eXogenous inputs (NARX). These methods are evaluated under the LA92 driving cycle using metrics like Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) to assess their performance. Results show that the NARX model achieves the highest accuracy with an RMSE of 0.33%, followed by the EKF with 5.34% and finally the ALO with 5.94%. These findings indicate that all three methods are acceptable, and the proposed NARX model shows superior performance. With the NARX model exhibiting superior performance in SoC estimation for electric vehicle applications.
Optical and electronic properties of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite type [NH3-(CH2)3-COOH]2HgCl4
Authors: Ouaaka El Mustafa , Khechoubi El Mostafa
Published: January 2025

The hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite type [NH3-(CH2)3-COOH]2HgCl4 was synthesized at room temperature using the slow evaporation method. X-ray Diffraction powder (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the phase purity, the functional groups, and the optical properties, respectively. [NH3-(CH2)3-COOH]2HgCl4 crystallizes in C2/c space group with cell parameters a=29.2762 (2) Å, b=11.0408 (1) Å, c=11.3944 (1) Å, β=112.532 (2) Å and Z=8.The atomic arrangement shows an alternation of organic and inorganic entities. The cohesion of the bulk crystal is realized via N-H.…Cl and O-H…O hydrogen bonding. The reflectance (R %) was recorded and applied to deduce the optical band gap. The optical results show that this hybrid material undergoes a direct optical transition and presents an energy gap value of about 2.75 eV. The electronic properties total and partial densities of states (TDOS, PDOS), and band structure are calculated using density functional theory (DFT). The experimental and theoretical (DFT) band gap values are compared.
Diagnostic Methods for Industrial Systems: A Case Study of Rotary Kilns in Cement Manufacturing
Authors: Saidi Amraoui Houda , Janati Idrissi Khalid , Moujibi Nabil
Published: January 2025

With the continuous increase in complexity in industrial systems and the growing importance of maintaining their safety, numerous research efforts have aimed to develop various methods for detecting, locating, and identifying system anomalies as early as possible. In this context, we present existing diagnostic methods and use the rotary kiln in cement manufacturing as a case study for this analysis. Because of the kiln’s large volume and the high temperatures involved, this complex structure is subjected to stress and deformation during its operation. Therefore, this study proposes a new solution for processing spatial data using a mathematical method based on the geometric parameters of the kiln shell structure. This study can be used to develop control tools for rotary kilns, particularly in data collection.
Optimization of the DTC control for doubly-fed induction motor using a PID based-genetic algorithm: Experimental validation on the dSPACE 1104 board
Authors: Ech-Chaouy Houssam , Derouich Aziz , Mahfoud Said
Published: January 2025

This article presents a very interesting approach to Direct Torque Control (DTC) for a doubly-fed induction motor utilizing two voltage-source inverters. The speed control of this system is achieved using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller optimized by a genetic algorithm. Although the conventional DTC method offers many advantages, such as effective and dynamic control, robustness, ease of use, and impressive results, it also has drawbacks, including fluctuations in electromagnetic torque and variable switching frequencies, which lead to vibrations and accelerated aging of the machine. The purpose of this article is to improve torque control based on the direct method (DTC) and to address these limitations. To achieve this, a new control strategy called Genetic Algorithm-based DTC (GA-DTC) is proposed. This strategy integrates the optimized PID controller and is implemented across the entire operational range of the system. The entire system is validated using the MATLAB/Simulink environment to analyze the machine’s characteristics, its transient behavior, and its performance in steady state. This integration leads to a notable improvement in the machine’s performance, particularly in tracking speed and torque set points, reducing response times, and decreasing overshoot. Experimental validation is carried out using a 1.5 kW rotating electrical machine (DFIM-DCM) connected to a resistive load. The experiments are conducted using the DSPACE DS1104 experimental system, and the system’s behavior is tested under various operating conditions. The results obtained show the evolution of speed, torque, as well as stator and rotor currents. According to these results, the motor’s performance has been improved: response time has decreased, settling time has increased, and torque ripple has been reduced.