bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LRBA balances antigen presentation and T-cell responsesviaautophagy by binding to PIK3R4 and FYCO1
Authors: Sindram Elena , Deau Marie-Celine , Ligeon Laura-Anne , Sanchez-Martin Pablo , Nestel Sigrun , Jung Sophie , Ruf Stefanie , Mishra Pankaj , Proietti Michele , Günther Stefan , Thedieck Kathrin , Roussa Eleni , Rambold Angelika , Münz Christian , Kraft Claudine , Grimbacher Bodo , Gámez-Díaz Laura
Published: October 2022

Reduced autophagy is associated with the aberrant humoral response observed in lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency; however, the exact molecular mechanism and its impact on T-cell responses remain unknown. We identified two novel LRBA interactors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 (PIK3R4) and FYVE And Coiled-Coil Domain Autophagy Adaptor 1 (FYCO1). Both proteins play essential roles in different stages of autophagy. PIK3R4 facilitates the production of phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate (PI(3)P) required for autophagosome formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, whereas FYCO1 allows autophagosome movement. LRBA-KO cells showed an impaired PI(3)P production, a delayed autophagosome-lysosome fusion, an accumulation of enlarged autophagosomes, and an atypical lysosomal positioning. These abnormalities led to decreased cargo material degradation and prolonged antigen presentation to T-cells via autophagy, resulting in increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, as autophagy is a major intracellular degradation system for major histocompatibility class II complex (MHCII) loading. Aberrant autophagosome formation, cargo degradation and antigen presentation were rescued by ectopic expression of WT-LRBA. In summary, we identified a novel function of LRBA that is crucial for T-cell-driven response through the interaction with two proteins of the autophagy machinery. These observations may contribute to the exacerbated T-cell dysregulation observed in LRBA-deficient patients.
Enhancing servitization by international consumer integration: the influence of open innovation and co-creation
Authors: Abu Farha Allam K. , Al-Kwifi Osama Sam , Sakka Georgia , Nguyen Phuong V. , Ahmed Zafar U.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Research demonstrates that servitization can achieve competitive advantages for firms; however, many firms are unable to achieve their target values due to various challenges. This study proposes a new model in which open innovation and co-creation are utilized to access consumer knowledge during the servitization process when developing customized services for international markets.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was used to collect the data from 150 manufacturing firms. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach.

Findings

The results indicate that open innovation positively affects servitization strategy. Moreover, consumer co-creation moderates the impacts of servitization on firm performance.

Practical implications

This study confirms the significant role of open innovation and consumer integration in the servitization process, establishing that managers should effectively integrate different stakeholders from the service design stage (through open innovation) to the service delivery stage (through co-creation).

Originality/value

The paper's results prominently advance the present body of servitization literature by showing how the implementation of open innovation improves the servitization process, an issue that has been ignored in previous studies. Moreover, it seeks to resolve the inconsistent results on servitization's effect on performance by indicating the role of consumer co-creation in the servitization–performance link.
Users’ trust in black-box machine learning algorithms
Authors: Nakashima Heitor Hoffman , Mantovani Daielly , Machado Junior Celso
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate whether professional data analysts’ trust of black-box systems is increased by explainability artifacts.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was developed in two phases. First a black-box prediction model was estimated using artificial neural networks, and local explainability artifacts were estimated using local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) algorithms. In the second phase, the model and explainability outcomes were presented to a sample of data analysts from the financial market and their trust of the models was measured. Finally, interviews were conducted in order to understand their perceptions regarding black-box models.

Findings

The data suggest that users’ trust of black-box systems is high and explainability artifacts do not influence this behavior. The interviews reveal that the nature and complexity of the problem a black-box model addresses influences the users’ perceptions, trust being reduced in situations that represent a threat (e.g. autonomous cars). Concerns about the models’ ethics were also mentioned by the interviewees.

Research limitations/implications

The study considered a small sample of professional analysts from the financial market, which traditionally employs data analysis techniques for credit and risk analysis. Research with personnel in other sectors might reveal different perceptions.

Originality/value

Other studies regarding trust in black-box models and explainability artifacts have focused on ordinary users, with little or no knowledge of data analysis. The present research focuses on expert users, which provides a different perspective and shows that, for them, trust is related to the quality of data and the nature of the problem being solved, as well as the practical consequences. Explanation of the algorithm mechanics itself is not significantly relevant.
Decomposition abilities and characteristics of pig manure using three insect larvae
Authors: Choi In‐Hag
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the effects of three insect larvae on decomposition abilities and survival rates in Experiment 1 or on pH, total nitrogen, total carbon, and C/N ratio in Experiment 2. A total of hatched 7,500 Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae, hatched 501 Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (PBS) larvae, and hatched 15,000 Ptecticus tenebrifer (PT) larvae were randomly subjected to three treatments with three replicates. The treatments were as follows: (1) TM, 5,000 g pig manure + 250 g TM larvae; (2) PBS, 5,000 g pig manure + 250 g PBS larvae; and (3) PT, 5,000 g pig manure + 250 g PT larvae. In Experiment 1, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the decomposition abilities of the pig manure from the three insect larvae‐treated groups for 15–30 days. No significant differences in survival rates were observed for any of the in all treatments over time. Decomposition ability and survival rates in pig manure were higher in the PT larvae group than in the PBS and PT larvae groups. In Experiment 2, three insect larvae‐treated pig manure treatments had an effect on total nitrogen for 20 and 30 days, total carbon for 10 and 30 days, and C/N ratio for 20 and 30 days. Thus, our results suggest that the three insect larvae have the ability to decompose pig manure to increase for increasing survival rates or might represent a valuable alternative as organic fertilizer, which could increase the total nitrogen content and decrease C/N ratio.
Effects of dietary bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) culm powder on blood properties and intestinal environment of rabbits
Authors: Kawasaki Kiyonori , Wada Kazuki , Sato Asagi , Zhao Junliang , Takao Natsu , Sato Masaki , Ban Takuma , Yano Kiminobu
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the effects of bamboo powder as an alternative feed for rabbits. The normal hay diet of rabbits was replaced with bamboo culm powder (10% and 20%) and fed to the rabbits until they were 90 days old. The blood samples were collected when the rabbits were 46, 66, and 90 days old to assess the effects of bamboo powder on blood parameters. The organs and intestinal contents were harvested at the age of 90 days, and the functions and morphologies of different organs were evaluated. The concentration of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the composition of microbiota in the cecum were measured. Substituting bamboo powder did not affect the growth, hematology profile, intestinal morphologies, and cecum SCFA concentration in rabbits. In contrast, it significantly altered the cecum microbiota composition, particularly the abundance of Ruminococcus and Bacteroides related to fiber degradation and Tyzzerella spp., associated with large intestine inflammation. These findings suggest that the substitution of hay with bamboo powder in rabbit diets does not negatively affect the overall health of rabbits and could be considered an alternative feed for rabbits; nevertheless, the protein and lipid deficiency in the bamboo powder should be taken into account.
Liver holidays? A meta‐analysis of drinking the same amount of alcohol daily or non‐daily and the risk for cirrhosis
Authors: Llamosas‐Falcón Laura , Tran Alexander , Jiang Huan , Rehm Jürgen
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Several alcohol drinking guidelines indicate that daily alcohol consumption should be avoided because of its negative impact on the liver and to avoid the development of alcohol use disorders. Evidence that supports this recommendation is scarce. Our aim was to compare daily versus non‐daily drinking and its association with liver cirrhosis.

Methods

We conducted a review using PubMed/Medline and Embase as databases, selecting longitudinal or case control studies. A random effects meta‐analysis was conducted.

Results

Five mainly large‐scale studies were retrieved. Daily drinking was associated with a significant increase in risk of liver cirrhosis compared to non‐daily drinking, with a pooled relative risks of 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.23–2.23) for men and 1.56 (95% confidence interval 1.39–1.74) for women.

Discussion and Conclusions

The consistent exposure to acetaldehyde and other toxins for daily drinkers may explain our findings. There should be days of abstinence to allow the liver to recover, especially for heavier drinkers.
Daily water‐level forecasting for multiple polish lakes using multiple data‐driven models
Authors: Zhu Senlin , Ji Qingfeng , Ptak Mariusz , Sojka Mariusz , Keramatfar Abdalsamad , Chau Kwok Wing , Band Shahab S.
Published: October 2022

Water level in lakes fluctuates frequently due to the impact of natural and anthropogenic forcing. Frequent fluctuations of water level will impact lake ecosystems, and it is thus of great significance to have a good knowledge of water‐level dynamics in lakes. However, forecasting daily water‐level fluctuation in lake systems remains a tough task due to its non‐linearity and complexity. In this study, two deep data‐driven models, including gated recurrent unit (GRU) and long short‐term memory (LSTM), were coupled with attention mechanism for the forecasting of daily water level in lakes for the first time. Daily water‐level times series in five lowland lakes in Poland were used to evaluate the models. Root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean average error (MAE) were used for the evaluation of model performance. The modelling results were compared with the traditional feed‐forward neural networks (FFNN), GRU, LSTM, and zero‐order forecast. The modelling results showed that sequential deep learning models do not outperform feed‐forward models in all cases. In most cases, LSTM with attention mechanism (average RMSE = 0.88 cm, average MAE = 0.69 cm) outperforms GRU with attention mechanism (average RMSE = 1.00 cm, average MAE = 0.81 cm). However, attention mechanism did not help to improve the accuracy of the GRU and LSTM for most cases. Based on the average performance in different lakes, GRU performs the best among the deep learning models (average RMSE = 0.84 cm, average MAE = 0.66 cm). Zero‐order forecast models perform better than deep learning models for predicting tomorrow (average RMSE = 0.71 cm, average MAE = 0.39 cm), while deep learning models perform better as the horizon of prediction increases.
Quality improvement: An argument for difference
Authors: Grant Janet , McKinley Danette , Rashid M. Ahmed , Boulet Jack , Grant Leonard
Published: October 2022

The 2023 State of the Science guest editors (and colleagues) reflect on the many definitions of quality and challenges created for a field that emphasises quality improvement.
Notions of arbitrariness
Authors: Gasparri Luca , Filippi Piera , Wild Markus , Glock Hans‐Johann
Published: October 2022

Arbitrariness is a distinctive feature of human language, and a growing body of comparative work is investigating its presence in animal communication. But what is arbitrariness, exactly? We propose to distinguish four notions of semiotic arbitrariness: a notion of opaque association between sign forms and semiotic functions, one of sign‐function mapping optionality, one of acquisition‐dependent sign‐function coupling, and one of lack of motivatedness. We characterize these notions, illustrate the benefits of keeping them apart, and describe two reactions to our proposal: abandoning arbitrariness‐talk in favor of the newly introduced conceptual vocabulary, or feeding the distinctions back into the parent concept.
Cortical morphometric vulnerability to generalised epilepsy reflects chromosome‐ and cell type‐specific transcriptomic signatures
Authors: Li Jiao , Keller Simon S. , Seidlitz Jakob , Chen Huafu , Li Bing , Weng Yifei , Meng Yao , Yang Siqi , Xu Qiang , Zhang Qirui , Yang Fang , Lu Guangming , Bernhardt Boris C. , Zhang Zhiqiang , Liao Wei
Published: October 2022

Aims

Generalised epilepsy is thought to involve distributed brain networks. However, the molecular and cellular factors that render different brain regions more vulnerable to epileptogenesis remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate epilepsy‐related morphometric similarity network (MSN) abnormalities at the macroscale level and their relationships with microscale gene expressions at the microscale level.

Methods

We compared the MSN of genetic generalised epilepsy with generalised tonic–clonic seizure patients (GGE‐GTCS, n = 101) to demographically matched healthy controls (HC, n = 150). Cortical MSNs were estimated by combining seven morphometric features derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging for each individual. Regional gene expression profiles were derived from brain‐wide microarray measurements provided by the Allen Human Brain Atlas.

Results

GGE‐GTCS patients exhibited decreased regional MSNs in primary motor, prefrontal and temporal regions and increases in occipital, insular and posterior cingulate cortices, when compared with the HC. These case–control neuroimaging differences were validated using split‐half analyses and were not affected by medication or drug response effects. When assessing associations with gene expression, genes associated with GGE‐GTCS‐related MSN differences were enriched in several biological processes, including ‘synapse organisation’, ‘neurotransmitter transport’ pathways and excitatory/inhibitory neuronal cell types. Collectively, the GGE‐GTCS‐related cortical vulnerabilities were associated with chromosomes 4, 5, 11 and 16 and were dispersed bottom‐up at the cellular, pathway and disease levels, which contributed to epileptogenesis, suggesting diverse neurobiologically relevant enrichments in GGE‐GTCS.

Conclusions

By bridging the gaps between transcriptional signatures and in vivo neuroimaging, we highlighted the importance of using MSN abnormalities of the human brain in GGE‐GTCS patients to investigate disease‐relevant genes and biological processes.
Comparison of Posterior Pedicle Screw Fixation and Lateral Fixation in the Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion in Lumbar Degenerative Disease Patients with Osteopenia or Osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Xianzheng , Liu Huanan , Wang Weijian , Sun Yapeng , Zhang Fei , Guo Lei , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2022

Objective

Nowadays, with the increasing proportion of osteoporosis in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases, doctors are facing the choice of intraoperative internal fixation methods. The purpose of this study was to compare and assess the clinical results of posterior bilateral pedicle screw fixation and lateral fixation in the extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis.

Methods

The retrospective review was performed on 67 degenerative lumbar diseases patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis who underwent XLIF in our hospital from January 2018 to July 2021. Patients in this study were classified into lateral screw (LS) group, lateral self‐locking plate (LP) group, and bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) group. The functional evaluation factors containing Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) of leg pain, and VAS of low back pain, radiological factors such as disc height (DH), lumbar lordotic (LL) angle, segmental lordotic (SL) angle, cage subsidence degree and interbody fusion degree were compared.

Results

Primary outcomes: no differences were observed with regards to the incidence of complications among LS, LP and BS group (P < 0.05). The JOA and leg pain VAS were significantly improved after operation (P < 0.05) and all groups demonstrated similar improvements in the leg pain VAS and JOA score (P > 0.05). When comparing VAS of leg pain and JOA scores, no differences were identified among LS, LP and BPS groups (P > 0.05). There are four thigh sensory complaint, one hip flexor weakness and one thigh pain occurred and no death was observed. There were significantly better DH, LL angle, SL angle, cage subsidence degree and interbody fusion degree in the BPS group than in LS and LP groups 1 year after surgery (P < 0.05). The DH loss ratio, LL angle loss ratio, SL angle loss ratio in the BPS group was significantly lower than in the LP and LS groups (P < 0.05). The 12‐month SL angle improvement rate in the BPS group was significantly higher than in the LP and LS groups (20.20 ± 14.69, 0.73 ± 4.68, 6.20 ± 12.31, P < 0.05). Secondary outcomes: the BPS patients had significantly worse intraoperative blood loss and operation time than LS and LP patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In lumbar diseases patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis, the bilateral pedicle screw fixation has better orthopedic effect than lateral internal fixation, and can better maintain the stability of the spine in the long‐term follow‐up, which is a better choice in XLIF surgery.
Detection method of wheat rust based on transfer learning and sharpness‐aware minimization
Authors: Xu Zhengguo , Pan Hengtuo , Ye Wei , Xu Zhuangwei , Wang Hongkai
Published: October 2022

Wheat rust is one of the important factors leading to wheat yield decline. The traditional method of artificial identification of wheat rust remains inefficient. With the development of unmanned technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with advanced deep vision models can be used to monitor wheat growth, hence enabling timely disease detection and deployment of corresponding treatment measures. However, due to the limitation of embedded system hardware, it is a challenge to deploy a high‐accuracy and lightweight wheat rust detection model in an embedded system. In this paper, a training method based on transfer learning and sharpness‐aware minimization (SAM) is proposed to improve the accuracy of lightweight models. Specifically, the initial model is pretrained on an ImageNet dataset, and then the classifier of the model is fine‐tuned on the wheat rust training set; to prevent the risk of overfitting, the SAM method is applied to adjust the global parameters of the model. The experimental results on the Yellow‐Rust‐19 dataset show that the training method can effectively improve the accuracy of the wheat rust detection model, which is 3.56% higher than the existing methods. In addition, the parameter scale and computing resource requirements of four lightweight models are compared. The results indicate that MobileNetV3‐Small can achieve satisfactory accuracy with low requirements for storage and computing resource, and a detection frame rate of 101.36 frames per second in the Raspberry Pi, which is suitable for the unmanned detection of wheat rust.
Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: A global analysis of literature and national action plans
Authors: Caputo Andrea , Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. , Karunasagar Iddya , Hao Bin , Gaunt Patricia , Verner‐Jeffreys David , Fridman Sophie , Dorado‐Garcia Alejandro
Published: October 2022

Since the establishment of a Global Action Plan (GAP) on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) (68th World Health Assembly, Geneva, Switzerland, 2015), most members of the World Health Organisation (WHO) have developed and implemented a National Action Plan (NAP) based on a “One Health” approach to AMR. Aquaculture, significant among the food producing sectors, has often been overlooked in AMR governance. We did a systematic review of 95 country NAPs and assessed the inclusion of aquaculture. We also reviewed the scientific literature from 1996 until April 2021 to retrieve data characterising AMR in aquaculture during the last 25 years. In our analysis, 37% of countries did not mention an aquaculture component within their AMR NAP. The South‐East Asia Region had the highest implementation rate of AMR‐aquaculture programmes. Our literature review indicated that most AMR‐aquaculture related studies have taken place in the People's Republic of China, followed by the United States of America and India. Beta‐lactamases, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones were the most represented classes of antibiotics, with Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. as the most investigated antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria. This review highlighted the gaps in AMR‐aquaculture governance and the progress made across WHO members. Countries are encouraged to (i) fulfil their commitments by developing and/or fully implementing the AMR NAP, (ii) further engage in the research, monitoring, and surveillance of antimicrobial usage and AMR within the aquaculture sector, and (iii) collaborate at national and international level for a concerted “One Health” approach.
Amount and speciation of N leached from a sandy soil fertilized with urea, liquid digestate, struvite and NH4‐enriched chabazite zeolite‐tuff
Authors: Ferretti Giacomo , Galamini Giulio , Medoro Valeria , Faccini Barbara
Published: October 2022

The large use and the bad management of fertilizers that are applied to soil for improving crop production have dramatically impaired soil, water, and air quality. To meet the requirements to reduce nitrogen (N) losses and all the related negative impacts on the environment and food production, it is mandatory to substitute or at least partially substitute the use of inefficient and unsustainable fertilizers with more efficient alternatives. The aim of this paper was to address the amount and speciation of the N released by a sandy soil fertilized with “slow‐release fertilizers” and traditional fertilizers (urea and liquid digestate) by means of a series of column leaching experiments. The slow‐release alternatives were represented by NH4‐enriched zeolitic tuff and struvite, both obtained by recovering the N from liquid digestate. The treatments consisted of sandy soil fertilized with (i) urea (U) (ii) liquid digestate (LD), (iii) NH4‐enriched zeolitic tuff (N‐CHA) and (iv) struvite (STRV). Eight different flushing events were performed over 38 days, leachates were collected and analysed for total Kjeldahl N, organic‐N, NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N, NO2−‐N and pH. U and LD lost the majority of N within the first 2 flushing events as organic N and NH4+‐N, respectively. On the other hand, STRV and N‐CHA lost less N over the whole course of the experiment and with more balanced speciation. The mass balance outlined that after the experiment, native soil N was mined in U and LD treatments while in N‐CHA and STRV a fraction of N from the fertilizers was still present. The results showed a slow release of N which can be used more efficiently in agricultural applications, minimizing the N losses.
Donor variation in stored platelets: Higher metabolic rates of platelets are associated with mean platelet volume, activation and donor health
Authors: Bontekoe Ido J. , van der Meer Pieter F. , Tanis Bea C. , de Korte Dirk , Verhoeven Arthur J. , Raat Nicolaas J. H. , Specht Patricia A. C. , Mik Egbert G. , Klei Thomas R. L.
Published: October 2022

Background

Platelets (PLTs) differ in glycolytic activity, resulting in rapid acidification of ‘poor’ storing PLT concentrates (PCs) in plasma, or depletion of glucose when stored in PLT additive solution (PAS). We aimed to understand why PLT glycolysis rates vary between donors and how this affects storage performance.

Study Design and Methods

Buffy coats from donors <45, 45–70 and >70 years were selected and single‐donor PCs in plasma or PAS‐E were prepared. PCs were stored for 8 days at 22 ± 2°C and sampled regularly for analysis. Mitochondrial activity was analyzed with an Oroboros oxygraph. Age groups, or subgroups divided into quartiles based on glucose consumption, were analyzed with ANOVA.

Results

In each comparison, PCs of the different groups were not different in volume and cellular composition. PLTs with the highest glucose consumption had a higher initial mean platelet volume (MPV) and developed higher CD62P expression and Annexin A5 binding during storage. Higher glycolytic activity in these PLTs was not a compensation for lower mitochondrial ATP production, because mitochondrial ATP‐linked respiration of fresh PLTs correlated positively with MPV (R2 = 0.71). Donors of high glucose‐consuming PLTs had more health‐related issues. Storage properties of PCs from donors over 70 were not significantly different compared to PCs from donors younger than 45 years.

Conclusions

High glucose‐consuming PCs developing higher activation levels, not only displayed enhanced mitochondrial activity but were also found to contain larger PLTs, as determined by MPV. Storage performance of PLTs was found to be associated with donor health, but not with donor age.
Journalists' Perceptions towards Employing Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Jordan TV's Newsrooms
Authors: Sharadga Tahseen Mohammad Anis , Tahat Zuhair , Safori Amjad Omar
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to reveal the perceptions of journalists towards employing artificial intelligence techniques in Jordan TV's Newsrooms. The study sample consisted of journalists working in Jordan TV's Newsrooms. The field study was applied to a simple random sample of (106) through the questionnaire tool. The study used the descriptive exploratory approach. The study concluded that there is a clear effect of employing artificial intelligence techniques according to the perceptions of journalists in the newsrooms of Jordan Television, and the presence of differences between the responses of the respondents of the journalists in the reasons why the newsrooms of the Jordanian television are not ready to employ artificial intelligence techniques. In addition to the above, the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the other reasons for the lack of readiness, where the values of X2 (Chi-squared) were not a significant. However, journalists in the newsrooms of Jordan Television possessed various skills, including: using social networks for research, publishing news stories, and automated content production programs. Finally, there were no statistically significant differences between journalists in digital media skills, and the X2 values were not significant at the significance level (0.05), with the exception of info graphic production skills.
Dependence of electron emission current density on excitation power density from Cs/O-activated negative electron affinity InGaN photocathode
Authors: Koizumi Atsushi , Sato Daiki , Shikano Haruka , Iijima Hokuto , Nishitani Tomohiro
Published: October 2022

The dependence of the electron emission current density on the excitation power density of a Cs/O-activated negative electron affinity (NEA) InGaN photocathode was investigated. The emission current density of the NEA-InGaN photocathode increased monotonically with the excitation power density in the measured range. The emission current density reached 5.6 × 103 A/cm2 at an excitation power density of 2.6 × 106 W/cm2. Using the electron thermal energy estimated by comparing simulation and experimental results [D. Sato, H. Shikano, A. Koizumi, T. Nishitani, Y. Honda, and H. Amano, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 39, 062209 (2021)], the reduced brightness of 4 × 108 A/m2 sr V was derived.
Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrix 4.0—A Resource for Physical Activity Researchers
Authors: Tremblay Mark S. , Barnes Joel D. , Demchenko Iryna , Gonzalez Silvia A. , Brazo-Sayavera Javier , Kalinowski Jakub , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Manyanga Taru , Reilly John J. , Wong Stephen Heung Sang , Aubert Salomé
Published: October 2022

Background: This brief report provides an overview of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA); an introduction to the Global Matrix 4.0; an explanation of the value and opportunities that the AHKGA efforts and assets provide to the physical activity research, policy, practice, and advocacy community; an outline of the series of papers related to the Global Matrix 4.0 in this issue of the Journal of Physical Activity and Health; and an invitation for future involvement. Methods: The AHKGA was formed to help power the global movement to get kids moving. In 2019–2021, we recruited countries to participate in the Global Matrix 4.0, a worldwide initiative to assess, compare, and contrast the physical activity of children and adolescents. Results: A total of 57 countries/jurisdictions (hereafter referred to as countries for simplicity) were recruited. The current activities of the AHKGA are summarized. The overall findings of the Global Matrix 4.0 are presented in a series of papers in this issue of the Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Conclusions: The Global Matrix 4.0 and other assets of the AHKGA are publicly available, and physical activity researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and advocates are encouraged to exploit these resources to further their efforts.
Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0
Authors: Reilly John J. , Barnes Joel , Gonzalez Silvia , Huang Wendy Y. , Manyanga Taru , Tanaka Chiaki , Tremblay Mark S.
Published: October 2022

Background: We examined recent global secular trends in 5 indicators of child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behavior) and 4 influences on these (Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government). Methods: Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance letter grades (A+ to F) were assigned numbers from 15 to 2, with 0 assigned for missing/incomplete grades. Trends from Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 (2014) to 4.0 (2022) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with level of economic development and gender inequity considered as potential moderators. Results: Report card grades were generally relatively stable. Trends generally did not differ significantly by level of economic development (except for Active Transportation and Active Play), but gender inequality did significantly moderate trends for most of the indicators, with higher gender inequality associated with more adverse changes in grades. The number of “incomplete” grades decreased over time, but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: While trends varied within and between countries, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and the influences on these behaviors globally, were relatively stable over the past decade or so, albeit at undesirable levels.
Supplemental Material: Post-subduction porphyry Cu magmas in the Sanjiang region of southwestern China formed by fractionation of lithospheric mantle–derived mafic magmas
Authors: Chang Jia , Audétat Andreas
Published: October 2022

Supplemental text, Figures S1–S9, and Tables S1–S9. 
Supplemental Material: Tectonic setting of metamorphism and exhumation of eclogite-facies rocks in the South Beishan orogen, northwestern China
Authors: Li Jie , al. et
Published: October 2022

Table S1: LA-ICP-MS results for zircon U-Pb geochronology and standard procedure. Text S1: Experiment procedure for apatite (U-Th)/He in this study. Figure S1: Thin-section images of samples analyzed in this study. Figure S2: Thermal history modeling of apatite (U-Th)/He for all samples under different initial constraints using the QTQt program. 
Ruptured pseudoanuerysm of the posterial tibial artery after percutaneous Achilles tenotomy
Authors: Rademan Jacobus
Published: October 2022

Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), or clubfoot, is the the most common encountered musculoskeletal defect encountered at birth. Most cases present as an isolated deformity, with up to half of them presenting with bilateral deformity. CTEV have also been reported to present as part of syndromic phenomena. Dr Igancio Ponseti proposed a serial casting programme to correct the foot’s cavus, forefoot adduction, varus and equinus. Up to 90% of infants will require a tendo-achilles (TA) tenotomy for the persisting equinus deformity. TA tenotomy is deemed a relatively safe procedure, with the most authors citing bleeding as the most common complication. The Achilles tendon finds itself surrounded by rich network of blood vessels and nerves. We present a case of a ruptured pseudoaneurysm from the posterior tibial artery after percutaneous TA tenotomy was performed. This is a very rare complication and to our knowledge, only one other posterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm has been reported.
De novo arteriovenous malformations in post-thrombotic limbs
Authors: Kota Prajna Bhargavi , Kota Albert Abhinay , Agarwal Sunil , Keshava Shyamkumar N
Published: October 2022

A 50-year-old woman presented with progressive, painful and disabling swelling of the left lower limb following a left ovarian cyst excision 2 years ago. She had gross oedema of the left lower limb with multiple pubic varices. Contrast-enhanced CT and digital subtraction imaging revealed diffuse arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with feeders from the left internal iliac artery and a short segment significant stenosis of the proximal left common iliac vein. She underwent angioplasty and stenting of the left iliac vein. Her symptoms dramatically improved following the procedure and her limb swelling regressed within 6 months. The occurrence of post-thrombotic AVMs has been long established in the dural and portal systems. This report deals with an analogous phenomenon following iatrogenic deep venous thrombosis of the left lower limb, its pathogenesis, natural history and a review of treatment options.
Unstable gynaecological patient with an ankle monitor: implications of US Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Alternatives to Detention programme in the healthcare setting
Authors: Pancheshnikov Anna , Boddu Rohini , Rubenstein Leonard S , Cuneo C Nicholas
Published: October 2022

We review the case of an unstable gynaecological patient in the USA who presented with profuse vaginal bleeding after spontaneous miscarriage and was ultimately diagnosed with a uterine arteriovenous malformation managed with interventional radiology embolisation of her uterine artery. Her case was complicated by the presence of an ankle monitoring device which had been placed by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement as part of the Alternatives to Detention programme in which she was enrolled during her immigration proceedings. The device prompted important considerations regarding the potential use of cautery, MRI compatibility and device-related trauma, in addition to causing significant anxiety for the patient, who was concerned about how the team’s actions could affect her immigration case. Discussion of her course and shared perspective highlights the unique clinical and medicolegal considerations presented by the expanded use of ankle monitoring devices for electronic surveillance (or ‘e-carceration’) of non-violent immigrants and others.
Leclercia adecarboxylatacatheter-related bacteraemia in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Harper Haleigh , Logan John , Kubat Ryan , Jones Matthew
Published: October 2022

A 34-year-old man on active chemotherapy was hospitalised with fever, chills and rigours after power-washing a pig pen on a farm. His blood cultures grewLeclercia adecarboxylata, a gram-negative rod in theEnterobacteriaceaefamily, which has been isolated from a variety of environments including soil, surface water, as well as in the gastrointestinal flora of farm animals. The likely source of infection was his tunnelled central venous catheter exposed to water contaminated by faeces when he was washing the pig pen. While there have been several cases reported of catheter-relatedL. adecarboxylatabacteraemia, to our knowledge there are very few reports of infection spread in this manner.
Polymicrobial bacteraemia withClostridioides difficileandPseudomonas aeruginosain an elderly man following antibiotic use
Authors: Zhang David T , Cai Catherine W , Thomas David G , Rosenblatt Joshua
Published: October 2022

Clostridioides difficileis a micro-organism well known to cause pseudomembranous colitis with rare extraintestinal manifestations. We present the case of an elderly male with multiple comorbidities who presented with acute onset of fever/chills and hypotension, found to have polymicrobial bacteraemia withC. difficileandPseudomonas aeruginosa. He was treated with piperacillin/tazobactam forP. aeruginosabacteraemia, oral vancomycin forC. difficilecolitis and intravenous, followed by oral metronidazole forC. difficilebacteraemia.Pseudomonascleared after 1 day, andClostridioidescleared after 4 days. Following an initial septic presentation, he responded appropriately to antimicrobial therapy and did well in follow-up.
Valacyclovir-associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Kirkland James , Suganthan Pathmanathan
Published: October 2022

A man in his 70s presented to hospital with an acute kidney injury. He recently had started taking valacyclovir for treatment of shingles. The valacyclovir was stopped and his acute kidney injury improved. Work-up for other causes of acute kidney injury was negative and he was diagnosed with valacyclovir-associated acute kidney injury. He was discharged home after four days in the hospital with improving renal function.
Influenza activity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) in 2020–2021 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abou El Naja Hala , Tempia Stefano , Barakat Amal , Elkholy Amgad , Aman Amir , Khan Wasiq , Abubakar Abdinasir
Published: October 2022

Introduction

A global reduction in influenza virus activity during the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed, including in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). However, these changes have not been thoroughly evaluated scientifically in the EMR.

Objective

We aim to present data on seasonal influenza activity during the pre-pandemic period (2016–2019) and compare it to the pandemic period (2020–2021) in EM countries.

Methods

Epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance data were retrieved from both WHO FluNet and EMFLU networks. Four pre-pandemic analytical periods were used in the comparative analysis. We compiled and calculated weekly aggregated epidemiological data on the number of enrolled patients, number of tested specimens and number of positive influenza specimens.

Results

19 out of the 22 countries of the EMR have functioning sentinel influenza surveillance systems, and these countries report the influenza data to WHO through FluNet and EMFLU. The number of enrolled patients and tested specimens increased gradually from 51 384 and 50 672, respectively, in 2016–2017 analytical period to 194 049 enrolled patients and 124 697 tested specimens in 2019–2020. A decrease has been witnessed in both enrolled patients and tested specimens in 2020–2021 ‘pandemic period’ (166 576 and 44 764, respectively). By comparing influenza activity of analytical period 2020–2021 with that of 2016–2019 analytical periods, we found that there has been a decrease in influenza positivity rate in the EMR by 89%.

Conclusion

The implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic may have also impacted the spread of influenza viruses. The low circulation of influenza viruses during 2020–2021 and the associated potential immunity gap may result in increased transmission and severity of post-pandemic influenza seasons. This necessitates high vigilance to continuous data and virus sharing to monitor circulating viruses in a timely fashion to reduce the intensity and severity of future influenza epidemics.
Metacognitive insight into cognitive performance in Huntington’s disease gene carriers
Authors: Hewitt Samuel RC , White Alice J , Mason Sarah L , Barker Roger A
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Insight is an important predictor of quality of life in Huntington’s disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. However, estimating insight with traditional methods such as questionnaires is challenging and subjected to limitations. This cross-sectional study experimentally quantified metacognitive insight into cognitive performance in Huntington’s disease gene carriers.

Methods

We dissociated perceptual decision-making performance and metacognitive insight into performance in healthy controls (n=29), premanifest (n=19) and early-manifest (n=10) Huntington’s disease gene carriers. Insight was operationalised as the degree to which a participant’s confidence in their performance was informative of their actual performance (metacognitive efficiency) and estimated using a computational model (HMeta-d’).

Results

We found that premanifest and early-manifest Huntington’s disease gene carriers were impaired in making perceptual decisions compared with controls. Gene carriers required more evidence in favour of the correct choice to achieve similar performance and perceptual impairments were increased in those with manifest disease. Surprisingly, despite marked perceptual impairments, Huntington’s disease gene carriers retained metacognitive insight into their perceptual performance. This was the case after controlling for confounding variables and regardless of disease stage.

Conclusion

We report for the first time a dissociation between impaired cognition and intact metacognition (trial-by-trial insight) in the early stages of a neurodegenerative disease. This unexpected finding contrasts with the prevailing assumption that cognitive deficits are associated with impaired insight. Future studies should investigate how intact metacognitive insight could be used by some early Huntington’s disease gene carriers to positively impact their quality of life.
Coeliac plexus radiosurgery for pain management in patients with advanced cancer : study protocol for a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Jacobson Galia , Fluss Ronen , Dany-BenShushan Amira , Golan Talia , Meron Tikva , Zimmermann Camilla , Dawson Laura A , Barry Aisling , Miszczyk Marcin , Buckstein Michael , Diaz Pardo Dayssy , Aguiar Artur , Hammer Liat , Dicker Adam P , Ben-Ailan Maoz , Morag Ofir , Hausner David , Symon Zvi , Lawrence Yaacov R.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Pancreatic cancer is characterised by severe mid-back and epigastric pain caused by tumour invasion of the coeliac nerve plexus. This pain is often poorly managed with standard treatments. This clinical trial investigates a novel approach in which high-dose radiation (radiosurgery) is targeted to the retroperitoneal coeliac plexus nerve bundle. Preliminary results from a single institution pilot trial are promising: pain relief is substantial and side effects minimal. The goals of this study are to validate these findings in an international multisetting, and investigate the impact on quality of life and functional status among patients with terminal cancer.

Methods and analysis

A single-arm prospective phase II clinical trial. Eligible patients are required to have severe coeliac pain of at least five on the 11-point BPI average pain scale and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of two or better. Non-pancreatic cancers invading the coeliac plexus are also eligible. The intervention involves irradiating the coeliac plexus using a single fraction of 25 Gy. The primary endpoint is the complete or partial pain response at 3 weeks. Secondary endpoints include pain at 6 weeks, analgesic use, hope, qualitative of life, caregiver burden and functional outcomes, all measured using validated instruments. The protocol is expected to open at a number of cancer centres across the globe, and a quality assurance programme is included. The protocol requires that 90 evaluable patients" be accrued, based upon the assumption that a third of patients are non-evaluable (e.g. due to death prior to 3-weeks post-treatment assessment, or spontaneous improvement of pain pre-treatment), it is estimated that a total of 120 patients will need to be accrued. Supported by Gateway for Cancer Research and the Israel Cancer Association.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethic approval for this study has been obtained at eight academic medical centres located across the Middle East, North America and Europe. Results will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

NCT03323489.
Factors associated with poor medication adherence during COVID-19 pandemic among hypertensive patients visiting public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdisa Lemesa , Alemu Addisu , Heluf Helina , Sertsu Addisu , Dessie Yadeta , Negash Belay , Ayana Galana Mamo , Letta Shiferaw
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study aimed to assess factors associated with poor medication adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic among hypertensive patients visiting public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.

Setting

Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Harari regional state and Dire Dawa Administration from 1 January to 30 February 2022. Both settings are found in Eastern Ethiopia.

Participants

A total of 402 adult hypertensive patients who visited the chronic diseases clinic for follow-up were included in the study.

Main outcome measures

The main outcome measure was poor medication adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

The level of poor antihypetensive medication adherence was 63% (95% CI 48.1 to 67.9). Patients who had no formal education (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.56, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.30), existing comorbid conditions (AOR=1.98, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.35), self-funded for medication cost (AOR=2.05, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.73), poor knowledge about hypertension (HTN) and its treatment (AOR=2.67, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.99), poor patient–physician relationship (AOR=1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.34) and unavailability of medication (AOR=5.05, 95% CI 2.78 to 12.04) showed significant association with poor medication adherence during the pandemic of COVID-19.

Conclusion

The level of poor antihypertensive medication adherence was high in this study. No formal education, comorbidity, self-funded medication cost, poor knowledge about HTN and its treatment, poor patient–physician relationship, and unavailability of medication during the COVID-19 pandemic were factors significantly associated with poor adherence to antihypertensive medication. All stakeholders should take into account and create strategies to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medication adherence of chronic diseases.