bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchronic and Diachronic Predictors of Socialness Ratings of Words
Authors: Bochkarev Vladimir , Shevlyakova Anna , Achkeev Andrey
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In recent works, a new psycholinguistic concept has been introduced and
studied that is socialness of a word. A socialness rating reflects word social significance and
dictionaries with socialness ratings have been compiled using either a survey or machine
method. Unfortunately, the size of the dictionaries with word socialness ratings created by a
survey method is relatively small.
Purpose: The study objective is to compile a large dictionary with English word socialness
ratings by using machine extrapolation, transfer the rating estimations to other languages as
well as to obtain diachronic models of socialness ratings.
Method: The socialness ratings of words are estimated using multilayer direct propagation
neural networks. To obtain synchronic estimates, pre-trained fasttext vectors were fed to the
input. To obtain diachronic estimates, word co-occurrence statistics in a large diachronic corpus
was used.
Results: The obtained Spearman`s correlation coefficient between human socialness ratings
and machine ones is 0.869. The trained models allowed obtaining socialness ratings for 2
million English words, as well as a wide range of words in 43 other languages. An unexpected
result is that the linear model provides highly accurate estimate of the socialness ratings,
which can be hardly further improved. Apparently, this is due to the fact that in the space of
vectors representing words there is a selected direction responsible for meanings associated
with socialness driven by of social factors influencing word representation and use. The article
also presents a diachronic neural network predictor of concreteness ratings using word co-
occurrence vectors as input data. It is shown that using a one-year data from a large diachronic
corpus Google Books Ngram one can obtain accuracy comparable to the accuracy of synchronic
estimates.
Conclusion: The created large machine dictionary of socialness ratings can be used in
psycholinguistic and cultural studies. Changes in socialness ratings can serve as a marker of
word meaning change and be used in lexical semantic change detection
Stroke in COVID-19 patients in Togo (2021)
Authors: Kossivi Apetse , Koumateh Marzouk Afoda , Augustin Bitankade Kabassem , Ornéla Assiobo-Tipoh , Komla Nyinèvi Anayo , Vinyo Kodzo Kumako , Komi Assogba , Koffi Agnon Balogou
Published: January 2025

Cases of stroke have been reported in COVID-19 patients. In sub-Saharan Africa where the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has experienced some particularities, the link between stroke and COVID-19 is not well established. This study aims to describe the characteristics of strokes associated with COVID-19 in Togo during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
A case series study including 36 patients confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 and suffering from stroke, hospitalised in the biggest Togolese centre for the care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease during the period from January to December 2021.
Of 1,043 hospitalised COVID-19 patients, 36 (3.4%) had a stroke (mean age = 59.0 ± 14 years, sex ratio = 1). Among them, 4 (11.1%) didn’t have vascular risk factors. Hypertension was found in 86.1% of patients. The mean NIHSS was 9.7 ± 2.5. The types of strokes were mainly: ischemic stroke (80.6%) and intracerebral hemorrhages (16.7%). We recorded 12 deaths (33.3%). Impaired alertness (OR=7.60 [1.60-36.90]) and NIHSS on admission >15 (OR=16.40 [1.63-164.78]) associated with mortality (p < 0.05) 
Strokes are relatively common in COVID-19 patients. The profile of these strokes is different from the one of the strokes outside the epidemic context by the greater frequency of ischemic stroke and higher mortality. COVID-19 appears to harm the frequency and outcome of strokes.
Desviándose del canon: un análisis de lo mangaesco y animesco en el manga y anime de Aku no Hana (Las Flores del Mal)
Authors: Santiago Iglesias José Andrés
Published: January 2025

The manga-anime partnership is widely known to both academic researchers and aficionados. Nowadays, a large number of anime series still originate from the namesake manga series. However, there is a subset of manga-to-anime works apart from mainstream, born from technical and/or creative choices, departing from the conventionalized elements usually shared by both media. In this article I present an analysis of Aku no Hana (The Flowers of Evil), a manga series by Oshimi Shūzō —named after Baudelaire's seminal work— and its controversial anime adaptation, known for using rotoscoping, paying special attention to the mangaesque and animesque elements found within.
602.2 HuBMAP MOSDAP Donor Acceptance Criteria for (Multiple Organ Same Donor and Open Access Authorization) Project v1
Authors: S Pryhuber Gloria
Published: January 2025

Purpose and Scope of the Procedure Promote sharing, assessment and comparative analysis of cellular and molecular biology of multiple organs from single donors among HuBMAP components Standardize process and infrastructure for receiving multiple organ and tissue donations from healthy individuals along with detailed, relevant clinical history, and representing a diversity of race, ethnicity, sex. Use of a Donor Authorization Addendum, acceptable to the HuBMAP Consortium and to participating Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) and that directly addresses open-access genomic data sharing Scope: Coordination of screening, acceptance and receipt of tissue by subject matter expert research program components (TMCs) of the HuBMAP Consortium. Principles Organ donations rejected for transplantation can be best used to decipher organ-specific cell types, gene and protein expression variation by modern molecular technologies, when studied as multiple organ, same donor samples such that comparison can be made across tissues with the same genetic and exposure background. Rapid, standardized and safe processing of human tissue requires coordination of multiples teams, materials and attention to protocols. This is achieved in this protocol by collaboration with organ procurement organization, research recovery organization, and tissue preservation laboratories, in order to prepare for state of the art molecular analysis at the single cell and spatial level. Rapid processing is required to maintain the tissues in a state as close to normal as possible. Multiple studies have shown intact RNA, protein and cellular viability when recovered from organ donors as described, with handling and recovery expectations as close as possible to that required of transplant organs. The protocol requests that organs are recovered by methods typical for transplantation including minimal warm ischemic time (WIT), cold perfusion with transplant-organ solutions (i.e. HTK, UW, SPS), submersion for shipping generally as whole organs in cold-storage transplant solution, with as brief cold ischemic time (CIT) as possible, optimally < 24 hours. Each organ is sent to the HuBMAP Tissue Mapping Center that has demonstrated expertise in preservation and molecular analysis of that organ / tissue.
Synderesis vs. Consequentialism and Utilitarianism in Workplace Bullying Prevention
Authors: Vveinhardt Jolita , Deikus Mykolas
Published: January 2025

The existence of workplace bullying in modern organizations is, first of all, a serious moral challenge. Since bullying characterized by intense and long‐lasting persecution of the target causes serious negative consequences for organizations, there are proposals to base the prevention of this phenomenon on utilitarianism. However, some studies show that the ethics that judges the goodness of an action by consequences causes many problems at the level of interpersonal relationships. Therefore, in the context of workplace bullying, it is proposed to consider the scholastic idea of synderesis. The article theoretically examines three alternatives to bystanders’ decisions based on the ideas of consequentialism, utilitarianism, and synderesis: to act constructively actively (to support the victim), to act destructively actively (to support the persecutor), and to act destructively passively (not to intervene in the conflict). Considering that different schools of consequentialism and utilitarianism cannot guarantee constructive behaviour of bystanders, the decisions inspired by the conscience guided by synderesis can be a suitable alternative that can be easily implemented in practice.
Structural Characterization and Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antioxidant Activity of ONO Salicyl Based Schiff Base and its VO(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes
Authors:   Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye, Pardaeva Dildora , Tavman Aydin ,   Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye, Erçag Erol ,   Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye, Hacioglu Mayram ,   Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye, Gürbüz Demet ,   Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye, Çinarli Adem ,   Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye, Tan A. Seher Birteksöz ,   Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
Published: January 2025

An ONO tridentate Schiff base derived from 3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde and 2-amino-4-methylphenol (H2L) and its complexes with VO(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II) and Hg(II) were synthesized and characterized. The structures of the complexes were confirmed by means of elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic moment, UV-visible, fluorescence, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The M:L ratio is 1:2 in Fe(III) and Co(II) complexes whereas 1:1 in the other complexes. It was observed that the Pd(II) complex is 1:1 ionic while the others are non-ionic according to molar conductivity measurements. H2L showed weak fluorescence at different wavelengths in neutral, acidic and basic areas and in the form of some metal complexes. The VO(II) and Cu(II) complexes increased the fluorescence effect compared to the ligand, while the Fe(III) complex completely quenched it. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the compounds was evaluated against six bacteria and three fungi. In general, all the compounds showed moderate antimicrobial activity. It was observed that some of the complexes exhibited higher activity towards S. epidermidis and S. aureus compared to the ligand. Antioxidant activity of the compounds was investigated in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) methods. It was found that Zn(II) and Pd(II) complexes showed higher antioxidant activity than the ligand and the other complexes.
Rising Workplace Threat of Presenteeism in the Hospitality Industry: Antecedents and Consequences
Authors:   Kocaeli University, Faculty of Business Administration, Department of Management and Organization, Türkiye, Yikilmaz Ibrahim , Surucu Lutfi
Published: January 2025

The quality of the relationship between customers and employees and customer satisfaction are key to sustainable performance and success in the hospitality industry. However, challenges such as heavy workloads, job insecurity, and long working hours can lead to presenteeism, in which employees come to work even when physically or mentally ill. This phenomenon jeopardises organisational performance, customer satisfaction, and individual health. Despite its numerous negative consequences, there is limited research on the concept, and the rate of presenteeism is increasing, particularly among hotel employees. This study aims to empirically examine presenteeism, its antecedents (workplace bullying and employee cynicism), and its consequences (task performance and work engagement) among 4- and 5-star hotel employees. The results revealed that workplace bullying and employee cynicism significantly increased presenteeism. Besides, presenteeism reduces work engagement and task performance. This research addresses a gap in the literature by examining how workplace dynamics affect presenteeism and its potential consequences for hotel sector employees. Additionally, it offers practical contributions by emphasising the need to increase awareness of presenteeism and providing suggestions for doing so.
Evaluation of Vitamin D’s Effect in Reduction of Obesity in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Balfas Mohammed , Saeed Mohammed Ali Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background: Obesity is currently a global health problem, and it is one of the risk factors leading to a high number of deaths per year. Several studies were carried out to identify the causes of overweight and obesity. Vit. D deficiency is presumed to have an effect on the development of obesity.
Objective: This study's objective is to evaluate the impact of vitamin D in reduction of obesity in a rabbit model and its effect on the lipid profile.
Methods: Ten male rabbits were split up into two groups for the experiment; (a) control group (with a fatty rich diet), (b) vitamin D group (with a fatty rich diet + vitamin D supplementation for 4 weeks). Blood samples for lipid profile (TG, LDL, and HDL) were collected before and at the end of the study, and their body weights were measured as well.
Results: Following four weeks of the trial, the animals in the control group weighed significantly more than those in the vitamin D group. The increase in serum TG and LDL were significant for the control animals in related to the vitamin D animals. In addition, there is a significant rise in the good serum HDL in the control group compared to the vitamin D group.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that vitamin D has an important effect in reduction of body weight and obesity.
Preference for Unimodal Learning Among Dental Students: Insights from the VARK Learning Style Model . A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shaher Fahmi , Almisari Mona , Alhabshi Nuha , Al-Amoodi Huda , Abdulghani Mahfoudh A.M.
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the learning style preferences of dental students in their first and fifth academic years using the VARK learning style model to identify potential changes over time. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among first- and fifth-year undergraduate dental students at the University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen. The Arabic version of the VARK questionnaire, comprising 16 multiple-choice questions, was administered via Google Forms. Results: A total of 86 students participated in the study, with a response rate of 38.1%. Both first- and fifth-year students predominantly preferred unimodal learning styles, with auditory and kinesthetic modalities being the most favored (auditory: 32.5%, kinesthetic: 30.4%). The read/write learning style was the least preferred across all groups. The prevalence of unimodal learning was 99.4% in first-year students and 98.3% in fifth-year students. Multimodal preferences, including bimodal, trimodal, and quadmodal styles, were rare. No significant shifts in learning style preferences were observed between the two academic levels. Conclusion: Dental students exhibit a strong preference for auditory and kinesthetic learning styles, with minimal changes across academic years. These findings emphasize the need for teaching strategies that cater to these preferences to enhance engagement, motivation, and academic performance
Considerações acerca da inserção de elementos relacionados ao universo do trompete popular no ensino superior público brasileiro
Authors: Passos Marcelo , Ronqui Paulo
Published: January 2025

São apresentadas neste artigo algumas considerações acerca da inserção de elementos relacionados ao universo do trompete popular no ensino público superior. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar as principais abordagens de ensino utilizadas e averiguar se aspectos pertinentes à música popular são (efetivamente) contemplados por docentes do trompete em cursos de bacharelado e/ou licenciatura no país. Por meio de um questionário endereçado a 17 professores, verificou-se que o ensino desse instrumento nas instituições investigadas tem sido realizado, sobretudo, sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento de habilidades técnico-interpretativas para a execução de repertório da música de concerto. Verificou-se que uma considerável parcela dos professores entrevistados flexibiliza o conteúdo de trabalho propondo, de forma sucinta, elementos pertinentes ao jazz e alguns segmentos compreendidos na música popular realizada no Brasil. Entretanto, foi constatado que, nos cursos e instituições pesquisados, as abordagens utilizadas ainda são insuficientes para o ensino desse segmento de repertório ao trompete. Tendo em vista as referidas constatações, coube aos autores conjecturar razões para a existência de tal fenômeno, apresentar reflexões e sugerir possibilidades para a adequação do ensino e aprendizagem do trompete em nível superior tendo a música popular como premissa de trabalho.
The contribution of small and medium diameter trees to biomass and carbon pools in Yabo, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Dangulla Murtala , Manaf Latifah Abd , Aliero Mansur Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Increases in human population and human activities have led to corresponding increases in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The present rates, by far, supersede historical records, and by 2050, the global concentration is expected to reach 470 ppm even if the average concentration is controlled at 2 ppm per annum. Trees and vegetation, in general, perform the ecosystem service of storing and sequestering atmospheric carbon. However, it is widely believed that larger-diameter trees store more biomass and carbon stocks. This study assessed the contribution of small- and medium-diameter trees to regional carbon pools of the West African Savanna, using a general allometric equation. A total of 671 woody stems of ≥2 m height and ≥5 cm diameter, belonging to 40 species, 35 genera, and 19 families, were identified. The trees stored 120.2 kg of carbon stock, which translated to approximately 0.18 kg/tree. Although most of the trees enumerated in the study have small to medium diameters, few large-diameter trees including Combretum ghasalense (1.23 kg/tree), Ceiba pentandra (1.08 kg/tree), Faidherbia albida (0.92 kg/tree), and Prosopis africana (0.73 kg/tree) contributed the highest mean carbon stock in the area. The study confirms that larger-diameter trees account for much of biomass and carbon in a given area, but this does not underscore the contribution of smaller trees to the regional carbon stock especially in dry environments where they form a greater percentage of available trees. The study recommends the conservation of small- and medium-diameter trees to ensure the sustainability of this relatively dry environment.
Functional diversity of bacteria in various saline soil plant vegetations around Sialang Buah Coast, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Sembiring Mariani , Hutahuruk Juli M. , Susilowati Dwi Ningsih , Yuniarti Erny , Sabrina T. , Siregar Luthfi A. Mahmud
Published: January 2025

Environmental conditions profoundly influence microbial diversity and activity in soil. For optimal growth, soil microbes face limiting factors such as temperature, moisture, pH, and salinity levels. This study aims to find types of functional bacteria that are able to live in saline soils. The study was conducted in the Soil Biology Laboratory at Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Indonesia. Soil samples were collected around the Sialang Buah Coast, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The method employed in this research was random composite sampling taken from three vegetation types: mangrove forests, grasslands, and oil palm plantations, with sample collection locations influenced by tidal fluctuations. Ten sampling points were taken at each location and then composited for each vegetation type. The results of the study showed that there were ten species of bacteria that were able to live in saline soil, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia gladioli, Enterobacter cloacae, Brucella ciceri, Ochrobactrum oryzae, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Priestia flexa, Enterobacter quasiroggenkampii, Bacillus cereus and Ochrobactrum oryzae. All bacteria found were able to grow on Pikovskaya, Alexandrov, and Jensen media and only seven species of bacteria were able to form biofilms, namely P. aeruginosa, B. gladioli, E. cloacae, B. ciceri, A. xylosoxidans, P. flexa, and E. quasiroggenkampii
Distribution of humic substances in sieved aggregates of soil under contrasting land use
Authors: Udom Bassey , Dickson Achimota , Arthur Gogo , Ikiriko Miebaka , Nuga Babatunde
Published: January 2025

Soil quality indicators that control aggregate stability need o be extensively investigated so as to maintain our soils. Humified carbon (HC), humified acid carbon (HAC), and aggregate-associated fulvic acid carbon (FAC) in forest soils, cocoa plantations, five-year fallow, and five-year continuous cultivated soils were studied. Samples of soil were collected at 0-15 cm topsoil in order to measure the amount of humic materials in both the wet sieved and dry sieved aggregates. Findings revealed a significant input of land use on values of HC, HAC, and FAC occluded in sieved soil aggregates. The HC and FAC were preferentially stored in micro aggregate fractions less than 0.25 mm, while the HAC was greater in macro aggregates 2-1 mm and 1-0.5 mm. Concentration of HC was 18.8 g kg-1 in dry sieved and 17.2 g kg-1 in wet sieved micro aggregates less than 0.25 mm. The HC increased significantly (p<0.05) under a 5-year fallow. The HAC was stored in macro aggregates larger than 1 mm, whereas the HC and FAC fractions were occluded in micro aggregates > 1.0 mm. Continuous cropping decreased MWD of water-stable aggregates by 55%, while bulk density increased by 18%. The correlation coefficient between HC and MWD was significant (r = 0.811, p < 0.01), revealing the positive role of HC in aggregate stability. This study will help in understanding soil management strategies that will raise the accumulation of HC and HAC in macro-aggregates, thereby protecting the soil mass from structural degradation.
Studying the effect of tillage depth combined with organic amendments and different nitrogen fertilization on improving calcareous soil properties and wheat productivity
Authors: S. El-Hassanin Adel , R. Samak Magdy , E. El-Fayuomy Mohamed , R. Ahmed Azza , S. Asem Nesreen
Published: January 2025

Calcareous soil suffers from deprived organic materials, structural properties, increased water holding capacity, deep percolation, crusts and cracks formation, which hinders the roots dispersion and decreases permeation speed. This inhibits the soil physical, hydraulic properties, and its nutritional status. The research objective is to enhance the calcareous soil status and its productivity using eco-friendly conditioners. A Split-split plot field experimental study has been laid at El-Nubaria Agri. Res. Stat., in 2018 and 2019 winter seasons with three replications. The main factor was two depths of tillage: (T1) surface tillage (0 – 15 cm) and (T2) deep tillage (0 – 60 cm). The sub-main factor was three types of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilization, control (C1) without N application, ammonium nitrate (F1) and urea formaldehyde (F2), while the sub-sub main factor was the types of soil amendments: no amendment (cont.), sugar beet waste (W), K-Humate (KH), Sulphur (S) and compost (Comp). Results have indicated that greater values of organic matter OM and aggregate measured were gained by the surface tillage treatment and using both sugar beet wastes (W) and compost applications. The combination between the deep tillage (T2) and ammonium nitrate (F1) and sugar beet waste (W) has increased the wheat grains and straw yield (ton ha-1) and 1000-grains weight (g). Sugar beet waste can be recommended as an economic conditioner enhances the calcareous soil to make it more productive.
Enhancing peppermint growth: Investigating the interplay of Biochar and Nitrogen levels
Authors: Haghighatnia Hasan , Talebi Ebrahim , Khosravi Nezhad Maryam
Published: January 2025

Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is valued for its medicinal properties and applications in the food and health industries. However, optimizing growth conditions to enhance yield and quality remains challenging. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of nitrogen and biochar on peppermint growth, elemental content, and biochemical composition, using a factorial experiment with a randomized block design and four-pot replications during the 2022-2023 crop year. Biochar levels up to 2% by weight increased plant height by 25%, chlorophyll index by 20%, leaf count by 18%, and dry weights of shoots and roots by 15%, but declined beyond this threshold. Nitrogen levels up to 75 mg per gram of soil increased plant height by 33.8%, chlorophyll index by 30%, and dry weights of aerial organs by 28%. Elemental concentrations in aerial organs peaked at 3% biochar, increasing potassium by 22%, phosphorus by 18%, and calcium by 15%, while zinc and copper decreased by 10% and 12%, respectively. Anthocyanin, flavonoid, and total phenol concentrations decreased by 20%, 30%, and 35% respectively with increasing biochar and nitrogen levels. Applying up to 2% biochar by weight optimizes peppermint yield. Nitrogen mitigates adverse effects of high biochar levels, with 50 mg nitrogen recommended at 2% biochar for optimal yield. These findings offer sustainable agricultural practices to improve crop productivity in nutrient-deficient soils and promote environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
Novel 3D-Printed Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis for Reconstruction After Resection of the Scapular
Authors: Li Xiumao , Zhang Yu , Yan Xiaobo , Lin Nong
Published: January 2025

Case:

The effective reconstruction and functional restoration of the shoulder joint after surgical treatment of shoulder girdle tumors, especially those involving resection of the glenoid, poses significant challenges. Reconstruction methods include allograft reconstruction and shoulder prosthesis. In this report, we present 2 cases of scapulectomy for tumors involving the glenoid, followed by shoulder reconstruction using custom-designed reverse shoulder prostheses that are partially fixed to the clavicle. Functional outcomes were satisfactory at 25 and 19 months, respectively.

Conclusion:

This novel prosthesis design, which is partially fixed to the clavicle, provides stability and promising functional outcomes in scapular reconstruction with short-term follow-up.
LA JUSTICIABILIDAD DE LOS DESC MEDIANTE UN ANALISIS DE SENTENCIAS DEL TRIBUNAL EUROPEO Y LA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: César Pinto Yoseland
Published: January 2025

This article provides a comparative view of the justiciability of ESCR in the European and Inter-Ame-rican Regional Systems for the Protection of Human Rights. It examines the regulations on ESCR in
force in the European Convention on Human Rights of 1950 and the European Social Charter of 1961of the European System, and the American Convention on Human Rights of 1969 and the Protocol ofSan Salvador of 1988, of the Inter-American System, respectively; as well as the jurisprudence of thehuman rights courts to determine how the justiciability of ESCR has been approached in both systems,noting that despite the fact that the European Court of Human Rights, through its jurisprudence, was
the first to establish the interrelationship between civil rights and ESCR in 1973, it has avoided recog-nizing direct violations of these rights, while the Inter-American Court of Human Rights since 2017,
it modified its line of interpretation and declared itself competent to hear direct violations of ESCR,despite the restrictions existing in Article 19.6 of the Protocol of San Salvador.
Aspectos emocionales de cuidadores primarios de personas que reciben atención psicológica
Authors: Alvarez Bermudez Javier , Meza Peña Cecilia
Published: January 2025

Mental health care for caregivers of people with a mental disorder or psychosocial disability provides a comprehensive health plan for society, while equipping this sector with knowledge and appropriate practices to continue providing support to their family members living with a mental health problem. Method. The study had a cross-sectional design with the objective of evaluating the emotional aspects of the role of primary caregivers of young people with mental health problems attending a psychological care center in northeastern Mexico. Sixty caregivers participated with a mean age of 42.40 years (SD= 11.25). The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used.  Results. 21.6% of the participants presented moderate to severe depression, 25% presented moderate to severe anxiety, although extremely severe anxiety was observed in 15%, and 36.6% presented moderate to severe stress. The three variables are related to each other. In addition, significant differences could be observed between anxiety by sex groups and by socioeconomic level there are differences in the perception of depression or anxiety. Conclusions. The role of informal caregiver of a person with mental health problems not only entails physical wear and tear, but also undermines the mental health of the caregiver, mainly with symptoms of anxiety and stress, so it is important to provide this population group with coping strategies to deal with the worries they live with.
Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica latinoamericana sobre síndrome de ovario poliquístico (2003-2022)
Authors:   , Trujillo Levano Sandra Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico es la enfermedad endocrinológica más frecuente en la mujer en edad fértil, relacionado con múltiples comorbilidades que le confieren una alta importancia más aún en Latinoamérica con un perfil antropométrico y metabólico desfavorable. Objetivos: Describir la producción científica sobre el Síndrome de ovario poliquístico en Latinoamérica de los años 2003 a 2022. Método: Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica latinoamericana sobre síndrome de ovario poliquístico usando la base de datos SCOPUS y documentos publicados entre 2003 a 2022. Para el análisis cuantitativo se utilizó el software Biblioshiny, de la misma forma se utilizó VosViewer para el análisis de colaboración y coocurrencia. Resultados: Los países latinoamericanos con mayor producción científica fueron Brasil, Chile y Argentina. Los temas más estudiados según el analisis de palabras clave fueron el Síndrome de ovario poliquístico y su relación con el síndrome metabólico como factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Las áreas de investigación en crecimiento involucran rutas metabólicas y genética. Conclusiones: Se evidencia en el presente estudio un crecimiento en la producción científica latinoamericana liderada por un grupo aún pequeño de países que se asocia a las tendencias mundiales. Es necesario un mayor desarrollo en investigación sobre el síndrome de ovario poliquístico en más partes de la región con apoyo de políticas socioeconómicas y en salud.
RETRACTED: Design of an antimicrobial peptide for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria by a strategy integrating multiple modifications
Authors: liu Zhonghua , Wu Kun , zhang peng , Zhu Jiaoyue , Zhu Jingyu , Liu Yicheng , Hu Min , Ding Changhao , Yin Yekui , Wang Ling , Wen Yuhan , Nie Yueqi , Cai Xinyang , Chen Ke , zeng youlin , Liang Songping
Published: January 2025

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Bottom-up and top-down forces regulate spruce budworm biological performance on white spruce regeneration
Authors: Noor Sabina , Gozalzadeh Zahra , Yataco Allison Pamela , Girona Miguel Montoro , Despland Emma
Published: January 2025

Young plantation trees are often highly vulnerable to insect herbivory in ways that are difficult to predict as underlying mechanisms linked to plant traits and natural enemy pressure interact in context-dependent ways. We compared bottom-up and top-down forces acting on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) on young white spruce (Picea glauca) trees in plantations vs in natural regeneration under hardwood canopy. Recognized as the most important outbreaking conifers defoliator in Eastern Canada, we aim to better understand how its herbivory on young trees can affect post-outbreak forest succession. We conducted a 4-year field survey in Northwestern Québec, Canada, to compare plant phenology, budworm density, defoliation rates, predator populations, and parasitism between two habitats. We also designed manipulative experiments with sentinel larvae to assess bottom-up and top-down forces in these habitats. The field survey showed earlier budburst phenology in plantation trees, which improves synchronization with a model (BioSIM) predicted timing of budworm emergence from diapause. The field survey showed higher budworm density and lower larval parasitism in plantations, but no significant difference in current-year growth defoliation during the initial outbreak phase. The bottom-up experiment showed slightly better budworm biological performance, indicated by higher pupal mass, in plantations. The top-down experiment showed greater predator and parasitoid pressure in the understory. Together, our results show how mechanisms controlling insect defoliator populations are context-dependent. In plantations both bottom-up and top-down forces on the spruce budworm are relaxed in these open habitats, leading to better biological performance and higher population density of this forest pest.
Hi-TARGET: A fast, efficient and versatile CRISPR type I-B genome editing tool for the thermophilic acetogen Thermoanaerobacter kivui
Authors: Sitara Angeliki , Hocq Rémi , Lu Alexander Jiwei , Pflügl Stefan
Published: January 2025

Background
Due to its ability to grow fast on CO2, CO and H2 at high temperatures and with high energy efficiency, the thermophilic acetogen Thermoanaerobacter kivui could become an attractive host for industrial biotechnology. In a circular carbon economy, diversification and upgrading of C1 platform feedstocks into value-added products (e. g. ethanol, acetone and isopropanol) could become crucial. To that end, genetic and bioprocess engineering tools are required to facilitate development of bioproduction scenarios. Currently, the genome editing tools available for T. kivui present some limitations in speed and efficiency, thus restricting the development of a powerful strain chassis for industrial applications.
Results
In this study, we developed the versatile genome editing tool Hi-TARGET, based on the endogenous CRISPR Type I-B system of T. kivui. Hi-TARGET demonstrated 100% efficiency for gene knock-out (from both purified plasmid and cloning mixture) and knock-in, and 49% efficiency for creating point mutations. Furthermore, we optimized the transformation and plating protocol and increased transformation efficiency by 245-fold to 1.96 x 104 ± 8.7 x 103 CFU µg− 1. Subsequently, Hi-TARGET was used to demonstrate gene knock-outs (pyrE, rexA, hrcA), a knock-in (ldh::pFAST), a single nucleotide mutation corresponding to PolCC629Y, and knock-down of the fluorescent protein pFAST. Analysis of the ∆rexA deletion mutant created with Hi-TARGET revealed that the transcriptional repressor rexA is likely involved in the regulation of the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). Following genome engineering, an optimized curing procedure for edited strains was devised. In total, the time required from DNA to a clean, edited strain is 12 days, rendering Hi-TARGET a fast, robust and complete method for engineering T. kivui.
Conclusions
The CRISPR-based genome editing tool Hi-TARGET developed for T. kivui can be used for scarless deletion, insertion, point mutation and gene knock-down assays, thus fast-tracking the generation of industrially-relevant strains for the production of carbon-negative chemicals and fuels as well as facilitating studies of acetogen metabolism and physiology.
Context is Learned, not Given
Authors: Peschken Juan Medina , Hahn Lukas , Pusch Roland , Rose Jonas
Published: January 2025

The saying "context is everything" underscores the importance of interpreting things, be they quotes, events, actions, or stimuli, not in isolation but in the light of a bigger picture - their context. This is evident even in fundamental forms of learning such as extinction learning where, in contextual renewal, an extinguished response reoccurs if the context is changed. But what exactly is context? Is context given by stimuli with inherent properties making them context or, what are the circumstances that allow a stimulus to become “contextual”? Even though the answer may seem intuitively trivial, the literature only provides competing and vague definitions. Using a novel paradigm in pigeons, we directly assessed competing stimuli in their ability to induce contextual renewal during extinction learning. Furthermore, we controlled the timing of these stimuli and found it to be crucial; with the right contiguity, even small local stimuli resulted in the strongest contextual renewal. This result challenges definitions of context as ‘a backdrop where learning occurs’. Instead, we propose that context can be understood mechanistically as a learned stimulus property. Therefore, context truly is everything and anything.
Structural optimization for the frame structures based on the DNN models and Bayesian optimization method in generative design
Authors: Yang Zixuan
Published: January 2025

This study presents a framework to evaluate the structural optimization of the frame structures based on the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), numerical simulations, and Bayesian optimization method. The developed deep learning-based (DNN) models are developed with the input data obtained from the numerical simulations, and the performance outputs of mass (M), displacement (D), and safety factor (FS), which are able to achieve accurate predictions of nonlinear structure-parameters relationships using deep neural networks. The optimized designs with optimization objectives as deflection is obtained efficiently and precisely using Bayesian Optimization algorithm. Moreover, the present study demonstrates that the DNN-based model integrated with generative design outcomes and Bayesian optimization algorithm can provide a promising tool for the design and optimization of frame structures in product design.
Harnessing cell-surface CD26 proteolysis-targeting chimeras for molecular targeted therapy against non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gong Qiuyu , Guangjian Zhang , Liu Bohao , Qiao Deqian , Zhu Xingzhuo , Huang Jiaqi , Gao Rui , Zhang Linjuan , Wang Jizhao , Huang Yinjuan
Published: January 2025

Molecular targeted therapy (MTT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been a central issue for a long time. However, drug resistance and extra toxicity have limited its further clinical applications. Herein, taking advantages of the proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), a series of PROTAC degraders (P4-1 to 4) targeting cell-surface CD26 (a potential target for NSCLC) have been developed for MTT of NSCLC. To achieve the efficient degradation of cell surface proteins, which is a huge challenge, the molecular structures of degraders were rational designed and optimized. Remarkably, CD26 can be degraded by P4-3 evidently at low dose (~ 500 nM) without degrading CD26 isoenzymes, which was independent of autophagy pathway. Surprisingly, the proliferation of representative NSCLC cells (NCl-H460 and NCl-H1299 cells) and tumors were significantly inhibited by P4-3, and no toxicity of P4-3 for BEAS-2B cells (human lung normal epithelial cells) were obtained. More interestingly, the powerful proliferation inhibition capabilities of P4-3 for organoids were observed. Moreover, a mechanism of P4-3 for treatment of NSCLC was proposed, which is the degradation of CD26 that induce the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of NSCLC cells, tumors and organoids. Our exciting findings put forward instructive thoughts for the development of promising treatment strategies for NSCLC.
Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Healthy Eating Status in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: YILMAZ BUKET ÖZKARA
Published: January 2025

Objectives
To investigate the relationship between blood sugar regulation, sleep quality, and dietary habits among individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Methods
195 type 1 diabetic patients (110 women and 85 men) between the ages of 18 and 65 undergoing insulin treatment at Gaziantep City Hospital. Participants' blood sugar levels (HbA1c), sleep quality (measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI), and dietary habits (measured by the Healthy Eating Index) were assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between PSQI scores, HbA1c levels, and Healthy Eating Index scores.
Results
A significant association was found between sleep quality and blood sugar regulation, as indicated by HbA1c levels. Participants with HbA1c levels greater than 7% tended to have poorer sleep quality compared to those with lower HbA1c levels. Conversely, participants with HbA1c levels of ≤ 7% demonstrated significantly better dietary habits, as reflected by higher Healthy Eating Index scores.
Conclusions
The study suggests a strong correlation between blood sugar regulation, sleep quality, and dietary habits in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Maintaining optimal blood sugar management, promoting good sleep hygiene, and adhering to a healthy diet are essential for managing type 1 diabetes effectively. Strategies to improve sleep quality and dietary habits may contribute to better blood sugar control and overall well-being in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Long COVID and menstruation: bidirectional associations and potential mechanisms.
Authors: Maybin Jacqueline , Walker Catherine , Watters Marianne , Homer Natalie , Simpson Joanna , Robb Cara , Critchley Hilary O.D. , Kountourides Gabriella , Olszewska Zuzanna , Alvergne Alexandra
Published: January 2025

Women have reported both menstrual disruption following SARS-CoV-2 infection and that long COVID symptoms change across the menstrual cycle. Yet there is a lack of female-specific research on COVID and menstruation. We aimed to determine if (i) acute/long COVID is associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), (ii) long COVID symptoms vary across the menstrual cycle and (iii) the mechanisms underpinning any such associations.

We reveal that long COVID was significantly associated with AUB in a UK population, with menstrual flow volume, duration, and intermenstrual bleeding reported as significantly increased (n=1048) compared to those who had never had COVID (n=9433). With acute COVID (n=2017), only menstrual volume was increased. Examination of long COVID symptoms in 54 women across the menstrual cycle revealed that symptom severity was increased during the peri-menstrual and proliferative phases. To determine the impact of long COVID on ovarian and endometrial function, we analysed blood serum and endometrial tissue from ten women with long COVID at three points of their menstrual cycle and age-matched samples collected pre-pandemic. Higher secretory phase serum 5α-dihydrotestosterone and lower menstrual and proliferative phase endometrial androgen receptor levels were found in those with long COVID versus controls. No other significant differences in ovarian sex steroid hormone levels were detected. Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone levels were also comparable, consistent with no significant impact of long COVID on ovarian reserve. Serum cytokine profiling indicated more menstrual phase inflammation in those with long COVID versus controls and less inflammation during the proliferative phase. We detected menstrual endometrial immune cell aggregates in those with long COVID that may contribute to altered tissue inflammation and AUB.

In conclusion, whilst long COVID was associated with menstrual disturbance, it reassuringly does not appear to significantly impact ovarian function. Differences in peripheral and endometrial inflammation may contribute to AUB and increase long COVID symptom severity at menstruation. We anticipate that these data from across the menstrual cycle will decrease the gender health gap in long COVID biomarker development and instigate further exploration of new therapeutic strategies for long COVID symptoms in women.
Ravulizumab Stabilizes Life-Threating Intravascular Hemolysis Following Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction due to Alloantibodies Anti-e and Anti-jka: the First Successful Administration
Authors: Bezirgiannidou Zoe , Stamatiou Iliana , Theodoridis Theodoros M. , Kontekaki Eftychia , Panagiotopoulos Emmanouil , Misidou Christina , Vrachiolias George , Malkots Bouse , Papoutselis Menelaos , Kotsianidis Ioannis , Spanoudakis Emmanouil , Liapis Konstantinos
Published: January 2025

This report describes the first successful use of ravulizumab, a C5 complement inhibitor, to treat life-threatening intravascular hemolysis (IVH) caused by delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) in a 22-year-old woman. The patient developed acute hemolysis and hemodynamic instability after receiving a transfusion for posthemorrhagic anemia following a missed abortion. Seven days later, she presented with symptoms of fatigue, dizziness, and dark urine, with laboratory findings indicating IVH. Investigations revealed anti-e and anti-Jka alloantibodies, suggesting DHTR. Despite conventional treatment, her hemoglobin levels continued to drop, leading to concern for hyperhemolytic syndrome (HHS). After administering ravulizumab, her condition rapidly improved, and she was discharged with stable hemoglobin levels. Follow-up at 8 months showed complete recovery. This case demonstrates the potential of ravulizumab in managing complement-mediated hemolysis in severe transfusion reactions and highlights the need for further research on complement inhibitors in similar conditions.
Lipidomic Analysis for Discriminating Fermented and Non-Fermented Pearl Millet (Pennisetum Glaucum L.) Grains during Storage using Multivariate Data Analysis
Authors: Selvan Shilpa S , Mohapatra Debabandya , Kate Adinath , Tripathi Manoj Kumar , Kar Abhijit
Published: January 2025

Fatty acids (FAs) are the building block of fats or lipids and the key indicator for rancidity during grain storage. The pearl millet grains were subjected to lactobacillus (LAB) fermentation and changes in their lipidomic profile with respect to different storage conditions were analysed. This study scrutinised the effect of storage period and temperature (5, 25, and 45 °C) on the lipidomic profile of raw and fermented pearl millet grains stored for 120 days through the FA analysis. A total of 23 FA compounds were identified in raw and fermented grains during storage. The predominant FAs identified in both the control and fermented pearl millet grains are linoleic, oleic, palmitic, alpha-linolenic, and steric acids. It can be observed that the unsaturated FAs such as linoleic and oleic acids are prone to oxidation during storage, contribute to rancidity of the grains. Multivariate data analysis shows that the oPLS-DA and sPLS-DA could distinctly classify the lipidomic data as compared to PLS-DA with respect to various storage conditions. A high value of the variable importance in projection score (VIP> 1) indicates a significant contribution of the FAs to cluster separation. The idea of the lipidomic profile of FA analysis at a particular time period will be helpful for the endorsement of applicable remedial measures so as to minimize grain quality loss and recommending a use-by-date.