bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gorno-Altai Natural Plague Focus Epizootical and Epidemical Activity in 2012 - 2016
Authors: Korzun V. M. , Balakhonov S. V. , Kosilko S. A. , Mikhailov E. P. , Mishchenko A. I. , Denisov A. V. , Rozhdestvensky E. N. , Chipanin E. V. , Bazarova G. Kh. , Yarygina M. B. , Abibulaev D. E. , Shefer V. V.
Published: July 2018

The data, describing epizootical and epidemical activity of the Gorno-Altai natural plague focus in 2012 - 2016 are shown. The wide dissemination of the major Yersinia pestis subtype in Marmota baibacina’s settlements led to the focus epidemical potential growth and became the reason of epidemical complications in Kosh-Agatch district of the Republic of Altai in 2012 - 2016.
The Attitude of Pregnant Women and Health Workers for Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Briko N. I. , Saltykova T. S. , Gerasimov A. N. , Pozdnyakov A. A. , Brusina E. B. , Zueva L. P. , Lyubimova A. V. , Golubkova A. A. , Suranova T. G. , Tolokonnikova T. V. , Turkutyukov V. B. , Shumilov V. I. , Kalinkina V. A. , Kovalishena O. V. , Belotserkovtsova L. D.
Published: July 2018

Influenza and ARVI - the main nosological form in structure of all infectious diseases. Influenza is especially dangerous to pregnant women. Purpose: to estimate commitment of pregnant women and health workers to vaccination against influenza. Materials and methods: form No. 5, form of the statistical account No. 1 - influenza the section 1, information from the official site of Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Institute of influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; materials of various conferences and the congresses on a influenza problem, information and analytical reference of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. There were asked 1126 pregnant women on various durations of gestation and 447 health workers in various territories of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was carried out with use of the Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 programs. Results and discussion: Among the interviewed pregnant women planned or were already vaccinated against influenza only 8% of women. The most frequent causes of failure from vaccination against influenza during pregnancy: doubt in safety (41.8%), ignorance about possibilities of vaccination (21,1%), lack of need for vaccination (18,7%). Only 25% of respondents knew about entering vaccination against influenza during pregnancy into a national calendar. At the same time only in 15% of health workers suggested pregnant women to be vaccinated from influenza. 73% of the interviewed health workers didn't recommend vaccination against influenza to pregnant women because they consider undesirable an intervention in immunity of the pregnant woman, 33% doubt in safety of vaccination, 13% don't know about a possibility of vaccination of pregnant women at all, 6% have personal negative experience of vaccination, and 4% don't see need for vaccination from influenza. Conclusion: the received materials showed need of development of knowledge at health workers of a vaccinal prevention of infectious diseases, including also vaccination against influenza during pregnancy, and also to carry out broad and active information work with the population, attracting mass media.
Comparative Assessment of Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of Commercial Influenza Inactivated Vaccines: Polymer-Subunit Grippol plus, Subunit Influvac, Split Vaccine Waxigrip
Authors: Kharit S. M. , Lioznov D. A. , Ruleva A. A. , Fridman I. V. , Chirun N. V. , Aprjatina V. A.
Published: July 2018

Objective. To compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccines: Grippol Plus polymer subunit vaccine, Influvac subunit vaccine, and Vaxigrip split vaccine as part of influenza prevention in people aged 18 - 55 with no pre-existing conditions. Materials and methods. Comparative study of three groups of volunteers with no pre-existing conditions using coded serum samples. Randomisation: 1:1:1. Group 1:100 people vaccinated with Grippol® Plus, Group 2:100 people vaccinated with Influvac, Group 3: 100 people vaccinated with Vaxigrip. The study looked into the levels of specific hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to influenza viruses in a standard hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI), with the coding of sera obtained before the vaccination and 28 days post-vaccination. The seroconversion rate (share of patients with the antibody titer increase of more than 4x) and seroprotection rate (share of patients with antibody titer > 1:40) were measured. Reactogenicity was evaluated based on the intensity of systemic and local reactions during the first five days post-vaccination. Results. Reactogenicity: in general the number and intensity of systemic and local reactions in all the groups was insignificant, the reactions were mild and required no treatment with medications. Tolerability levels were high. There was a reliable decline in local reactions to subunit vaccines over time. Immunogenicity: the seroprotection rate for the A/H1N1 strain on day 28 post-vaccination was 95.0% for the Grippol Plus group, 95.0% for the Influvac group, and 96.0% for the Vaxigrip group. The seroprotection rate for the A/H3N2 strain on day 28 post-vaccination was 90.9% for the Grippol Plus group, 90.0% for the Influvac group, and 96.0% for the Vaxigrip group. The seroprotection rate for the B strain on day 28 post-vaccination was 99.0% for the Grippol Plus group, 100.0% for the Influvac group, and 100.0% for the Vaxigrip group. Conclusion: the study found that the Grippol Plus, Influvac, and Vaxigrip vaccines have similar efficacy in vaccination against the A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and В strains 28 days post-vaccination. All the vaccines tested were in line with the CPMP requirements to the immunogenicity of human influenza vaccines. All the vaccines had a similar safety profile, but the incidence of injection site pain, swelling and itching was reliably lower in those vaccinated with the Grippol Plus and Influvac vaccines as compared to the Vaxigrip vaccine.
Protective Activity and Safety of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine from Vaccine and Freshly Isolated Strain Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Zaitsev E. M. , Bazhanova I. G. , Britsina M. V.
Published: July 2018

Goal. Study of the protective activity and safety of acellular pertussis vaccine (APV) using freshly isolated strain of B. pertussis. Materials and methods. Mice-hybrids F1 (CBAxC57Bl6). The B. pertussis strains: vaccine strains No. 305, No. 203, freshly isolated strain No. 287, the test neurotropic strain culture of B. pertussis No. 18323. Protective properties of the APV evaluated in accordance with the guidelines. Toxicity APV was studied by changes of body weight of mice, histamine-sensitizing properties, according to the instructions. The results and discussion. The paper presents the study of the safety and protective activity of three options acellular pertussis vaccine (APV) containing a complex of protective antigens of pertussis microbe: APV1 of vaccine strains of B. pertussis No. 305, serovariant 1.2.0, the gene for the pertussis toxin ptxA2, pertactin prnl gene, genes fimbria 2 and 3 - fim2-1 and fim3A and strain No. 203, serovariant 1.2.3, the gene for the pertussis toxin ptxA4, pertactin prnl gene, genes fimbria - fim2-1 and fim3A; APV2 of freshly isolated strain of B. pertussis No. 287, serovariant 1.0.3, the gene for the pertussis toxin ptxAl, gene pertactin prn2 genes fimbria -fim2-1 and fim3В; APV3 of strains No. 305, No. 203 and No. 287. Shows the relationship between the protective activity of the APV and genetic types, pertussis toxin, pertactin and fimrie in their composition. Protective activity APV1, APV2 and APV3 when infecting dose of 345 LD50 was 9.0 IPU/ml (international protective units per ml) of 10.3 IPU/ml and 19.9 IPU/ml, respectively. At extremely high dose of infection (3846 LD50) protective properties possessed only APV3, protective activity it was 9.2IPU/ml, in line with who requirements - at least 8 IPU/ml. Conclusion. Enhancing the protective effects of the vaccine APV3 and freshly isolated strain can be explained by the stimulation of cellular and humoral immunity to a broader spectrum of antigenic alternative structures in pertussis toxin, pertactin and fimrie.
Phenotypic Characteristics and the Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to the Antimicrobial Agents in Russia (2004 - 2016)
Authors: Koroleva M. A. , Koroleva I. S. , Gruber I. M. , Cherkasova L. S.
Published: July 2018

The aim. The study of phenotypic characteristics and dynamics of sensitivity to antibiotics Russian invasive strains H. influenzae. Materials and methods. Studied 89 Russian invasive strains H. influenzae for the period 13-year period (2004 - 2016). To study metabolic, enzymatic activity and beta-lactamase and biotype characteristics H. influenzae strains. Studied H. influenzae sensitivity to antibiotics. Results. Most strains related H. influenzae serotype b (86,1%), biotype II (69,7%), VII (16,9%), I (13,5%). Ampicillin-resistant strains accounted for 10.1%. All of them produced the enzyme beta-lactamase. Conclusion. The population of the Russian invasive ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains accounted for 10.1%. The mechanism of resistance to ampicillin is the production of the enzyme beta-lactamase.
Immunological Efficiency of Plague Vaccination in the Active Natural Focus. Report 1. Cytokine and immunoglobulin status
Authors: Korytov K. M. , Voitkova V. V. , Dubrovina V. I. , Noskov A. K. , Mishchenko A. I. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

Some data of the complex immune status study of humans vaccinated with live plague vaccine EV are represented. These people constantly reside and work at the territory of Gorno-Altai high-mountain natural plague focus that today demonstrates high epidemic activity. It was shown that 93% of the vaccinated humans developed positive seroconversion in 1 month after immunization, but after 6 months the protective antibody titers significantly decreased and did not exceed the diagnostic level. At the same time the revealed changes of the main immunoglobulin concentrations ranged within the physiological norm. Furthermore, increased production of TNF-and IFN- in blood cells in 1 month after vaccination may indicate the development of cellular immune response in humans immunized against plague and confirms the predominant role of cellular response in comparison with humoral reactions.
Experience of Organizational-Preventive Measures in Rostov Region in the Influenza Epidemic Season of 2015 - 2016
Authors: Kovalev E. V. , Slis S. S. , Nenadskaya S. A. , Miroshnichenko G. F. , Krat A. V. , Batasheva I. I. , Govorukhina M. V. , Litovko A. R.
Published: July 2018

The complex of actions is presented carried out by the Local Administration of Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare Supervision Service in the Rostov Region together with the Ministry of Health of the Rostov Region and Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Rostov Region, aimed at the prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections and including: organizational work, results of epidemiological surveillance during interepidemic and epidemic periods with the epidemiological situation assessment, managerial decision-making on the basis of the results obtained, as well as working with reference-centers. The epidemic rise of incidence in the season of 2015 - 2016 was more intensive judging by the majority of characteristics in comparison with the previous period. The main etiological agent of infection was influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 characterized by the early onset of epidemic rise from mid-January 2016, the lesser engagement of children from 3 to 6 years of age into epidemic process but maximal engagement of schoolchildren aged 7 - 14, by the higher rate of disease development, higher per cent of hospitalized with influenza diagnosis, and maximal number of deceased at the peak of epidemic.
Seroprevalence of Measles, Rubella and Mumps Antibodies in Foreign Citizens Registered in Moscow Region (Labour Migrants)
Authors: Semenenko T. A. , Gotvyanskaya T. П. , Kudryavtseva E. N. , Rusakova E. V. , Nozdracheva A. V. , Evseeva L. F. , Korabelnikova M. I. , Dubodelov D. V. , Shmyr I. S. , Kuzin S. N.
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the role of foreign citizens registered in Moscow region, in the maintenance of the epidemic process of measles, rubella and mumps based on the basis of their susceptibility to these infections and compare with the control group (residents of the Russia Central Federal District - donors of blood). Materials and methods. Examination included 909 samples of blood sera obtained from migrant workers and 939 blood donors (residents of the Central Federal district of Russia) which were tested for the presence of antibodies (IgG) to measles, rubella and mumps with the help of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Average relative density of seronegative persons among the surveyed migrants and donors to rubella virus ranged from 6.6 to 9.8%, the measles virus - 13.5 and 16.5%, respectively, statistically significant distinctions in groups were not established. The proportion of seronegative persons to mumps virus twice and more exceeded the standard documentation level among migrants and donors (32.5 and 47.5% respectively). Conclusion. There was a significant excess of the permissible level of seronegative persons to the measles, rubella and mumps viruses among migrant workers and blood donors, which creates preconditions for maintenance of epidemic process and dictates the necessity of carrying out the corrective vaccination (or revaccination) of non-immune persons
MLVA-typing of Vibrio choleraе El Tor Strains Isolated in Transbaikal Territory during the Seventh Pandemic
Authors: Ponomareva A. S. , Mironova L. V. , Khunkheeva Zh. Yu. , Moshkin A. B. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

Cholera remains a topical infection in the world, which determines the high risk of importation of the pathogen on the territory of the Russian Federation. MLVA-typing of 135 strains at 5 tandem repeats loci was carried outin order to study the clonal-population structure of the isolated from 1973 to 2016 on the Transbaikal territory V. cholerae. Analysis of the distribution patterns showed that the primary emergence of strains with new atypical for the territory genotypes in 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, occurred in sewage waters with the subsequent detection of the given genotypes generally in Ingoda river and Kenon lake. The strains firstly isolated from Borzya river and Haranor lake and found out at various times in Ingoda river and Kenon lake, Chita, Argun rivers, Haranor lake and Borzya river have been dominating since 2005 in Transbaikal territory. Finding groups of isolates with identical or similar MLVA-profile appeared in cluster complexes evidence of their long-term preservation in specific ecological niches, strains’ allelic profiles undergo minor transformation on the most variable loci in the process of adaptation. Identification of V. cholerae El Tor that variable tandem repeat loci structure materially differs from those of the dominant clones may serve as proof of their invasive origin.
Strengthening the Effectiveness of the Candidate Influenza Vaccine by Combining Conserved Sequences of Hemagglutinin and M2 protein
Authors: Tsybalova L. M. , Stepanova L. A. , Kotlyarov R. Yu. , Blokhina E. A. , Shuklina M. A. , Mardanova E. S. , Korotkov A. V. , Potapchuk M. V. , Ravin N. V.
Published: July 2018

The development of universal influenza vaccine - a vaccine directed to all subtypes of human influenza A viruses - is the really actual problem task. This paper presents the comparative characteristic of the specific activity of various recombinant proteins consisting of antigenic determinants of influenza A virus - the ectodomain of the M2 protein (M2e) and a fragment of the second subunit of the hemagglutinin (the amino acid sequence 76 - 130). Flagellin - Salmonella typhimurium protein was used as carrier protein and as adjuvant. We use two forms of flagellin: full size and with deleted hypervariable region. The proteins showed high immunogenicity, and the ability to prevent lethal infection of influenza virus in mice. Full-length flagellin with HA2 (76 - 130) and M2e on the C-terminus (protein Flg-HA2-4M2e) demonstrated the most protective properties. It provides 100% survival immunized mice that were challenge with a high dose of influenza A (H3N2) - 10 LD50. Proteins containing only full sized flagellin with M2e or flagellin truncated form with M2e at the C-terminus and HA2 within the hypervariable region, protected 75% of animals from lethal infection. Protein Flg-HA2-4M2e is promising for further study as a vaccine.
Factors that Influence the Coverage of Vaccination against Pneumococcal Infections of Children up to 1 Year Old of Age at the Starting Phase of Vaccination
Authors: Filatov N. N. , Kostinov M. P. , Elagina T. N. , Loktionova M. N. , Lisitsyna E. V. , Novikova Y. B.
Published: July 2018

Whereas the quality of the program depends on promptness, full coverage, vaccination schedule abidance. Taking new Moscow regions as an example there have been studied factors influencing vaccination against Pneumococcal infection (PI). Insufficient provision of the vaccine to reach the desired level of coverage has been detected: in 2014 only 67.57% of liable children could receive double vaccination; the available quantity of vaccine in 2015 was able to provide 33. 84% of children up to 12 months old with double vaccination.However, the actual number of children vaccinated turned to be much lower (0.23% in 2014 and 20.85% in 2015).The survey of the doctors with the purpose of defining the level of knowledge and commitment to the vaccination against PI has shown a modest level of epidemiology, clinical implications, PIimmunoprophylaxis method awareness. Parental attitude towards PI vaccination has been estimated as positive. Parental interest to opportunities of immunoprophylaxis against PI is worthwhile noting despite the insufficient level of knowledgeability of its effects. Hence 74.5% of parents whose children are not vaccinated against PI would like to start vaccination, however a part of them look into receiving more information (29.41% parents).
Pertussis Outbreak Analysis in Republic of Moldova
Authors: Bukova V. . , Melnik A. . , Tsurcan L. . , Cheban A. . , Gutsu V. .
Published: July 2018

There are analyzed the incidence of whooping cough for the period of 1993 - 2016 in Republic of Moldova in this article. 210 from 280 cases of pertussis reported in 2016 and. Specific IgM antibodies of 174 patients were investigated. The epidemic process of pertussis is cyclical, with a period of 3 - 4 years, with a higher incidence in urban areas and in children up to two years, with a tendency to increase the proportion among the patients of school-age children and adults. The decrease in vaccination coverage from 95.4% in 2008 to 89.7% in 2015 led to an increased incidence. From total number of cases, 68.1% were children aged from 0 to 6 years old. The age structure of registered cases in 2016 included: 22.4% under one year old; 44.3% between 1 - 2 years, 27.1% school age children between 7 -17 years and 4.8% adults. A later uptake of medical care was registered, with an average of 10.5 days after onset of the disease, but in age group of children under one year it was 9.6 days. The bases of the diagnosis of whooping cough in 10.7% of cases were clinical data, in 16.2% were clinical - epidemiological data and in 73.1% were laboratory data. Specific IgM antibodies were detected in 77.0 ± 6.4% of patients. Among patients under one year old, 14.9% were under the age of vaccination, 34.0% received from 1 to 3 doses of vaccine, 19.1% are not vaccinated by false contraindications and 27.6% due to refusal. Among patients from the age group of 3-6 years, 56.0% received 3 - 4 doses of vaccine, 18.0% were not vaccinated because of false contraindications and 40.0% due to the failure of the vaccination. From children patients who received a full course of vaccination against pertussis, 25.0% had been vaccinated 1 - 2 years ago and other 25.0% became ill after three or four years after immunization.
Modern Stage of Development of the Epidemiological Surveillance and Prospects of its Improvement
Authors: Simonova E. G.
Published: July 2018

The article presents historical aspects of the development of epidemiological surveillance in the world and in the Russian Federation. The contribution of outstanding researchers to the development of theoretical bases for epidemiological surveillance of infectious and parasitic diseases is shown. The directions of improving epidemiological surveillance in modern conditions are considered in connection with the trends in the development of the epidemic situation, the emergence of «new» and the return of «old» infections, the rapid development of means and diagnostic methods, as well as taking into account the existing limitations.
Modern View on the Problem of Choosing a Vaccine against Hepatitis B
Authors: Chulanov V. P. , Semenenko T. A. , Karandashova I. V. , Komarova S. V. , Kostyushev D. S. , Suslov A. P. , Volchkova E. V.
Published: July 2018

The problem of the discrepancy between serotypes of the circulating strains of hepatitis B virus and serotype of the HBsAg in the vaccine is discussed. The results of published scientific studies show that hepatitis B vaccines containing HBsAg serotype ad provide good, but not optimal, protection against heterologous serotypes of the virus. The authors conclude that the use of vaccines containing HBsAg serotype typical for given territory is a priority. Further in-depth studies on this issue are needed to clarify the available scientific evidence.
Immunogenicity of Modern Vaccine Viruses of Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 According to Graphical Analysis
Authors: Vakin V. S. , Konshina O. S. , Wojciechowska E. M. , Kuznetsova E. V. , Mayorova V. G. , Vasilyeva A. A. , Nikonorov I. Yu.
Published: July 2018

Antiepidemic measures were limited effectiveness for several years Objectives of this research were formulated as an assessment of the immunogenicity activity of the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in the composition of modern trivaccines Immunogenicity of the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in the vaccinated by vaccine was assessed by graphing, reflecting the dynamics of the multiplicity growth of antibodies (MG) and medium ratio of antibodies increasing (MR) in sera for several groups vaccinated. For comparison of vaccinated immunity was determined by traditional methods of evaluation of the immune response. As a result of the research, differences in the immunogenicity activity of the virus were revealed, which are reflected in antibody titers and the multiplicities of their growth from 2 to 4 - 8 times with the applying of similar quality vaccines. These changes couldn’t be observed with accounting study of the immune response. When immunized with a vaccine with an antigen dose of 5 mg HA identified a group of«silent» volunteers (8%) who did not respond to promotion with antigen A(H1N1)pdm09. Increasing dose of the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 to 15 mg/dose in the split vaccine were result of the elimination of the group of«silent» volunteers. Simultaneously was observed a significant increase in the immune response in serum titers (up to 32-fold) and antibody growth rates Accordingly, using of the graphical form of accounting made it possible to better assess the details of the formation of collective immunity to the virus A(H1N1)pdm09 and the nature of its deviations in a number of cases.
Epidemiological Features of Combined Natural-Focal Infections
Authors: Shkarin V. V. , Blagonravova A. S. , Chumakov E. M.
Published: July 2018

On the basis of literature data and results of own research in the article describes the features of the epidemiology of combined natural focal infections, their distribution in the Russian Federation, pathogenesis and clinical features to suit different combinations of pathogen agents. The data on the mixed infection of ticks by different agents in various combinations, as well as polyetiology infected of reservoir hosts Showing different variants of combined natural focal infections in humans caused by the associations of microorganisms, including up to five assiociants, as well as features of the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations Based on original research developed a method of a quantitative estimation the activity of combined natural foci and complex of measures on surveillance and control of combined natural focal infections.
Assessment of the Degree of Allergenic Effects of Various Drugs of Francisella tularensis
Authors: Starovoitova T. P. , Dubrovina V. I. , Ivanova T. A. , Korneva A. V. , Vityazeva S. A. , Kotlov M. Yu. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

The evaluation of sensitization conducted on guinea pig leukocytes immunized with the cell wall preparations of F. tularensis. In this research was shown that the cell wall preparations F tularensis subsp mediaasiatica A-61 and F tularensis subsp tularensis В-399 A-Cole do not caused allergization in contrast with cell wall prepararions of F. tularensis 15 (extracted by Research Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene) and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica 306.
Epidemiological Diagnostics - Basis of Risk-Oriented Technologies for the Prevention Healthcare-Associated Infections
Authors: Zueva L. P. , Aslanov B. I. , Vasiliev K. D. , Ivanova T. G. , Vysotsky V. S.
Published: July 2018

The article discusses the methodological foundations of epidemiological diagnostics - the basis for risk-oriented approach to the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI). It outlines goals, objectives, basic terms and sequence of steps in the organization and conduct of epidemiological diagnostics. The importance of epidemiological surveillance of HAI is underlined. The article describes the main principles of descriptive and analytical studies in the structure of epidemiological diagnostics of HAI.
Main Directions of Effective Influenza Prevention in Modern Conditions
Authors: Burtseva E. I. , Mukasheva E. A. , Rosatkevich A. G.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the risk analysis of influenza virus infection in different age groups based on the prevalence and mortality rates. The epidemiological characteristics of the influenza virus circulation during postpandemic period are given. Main aspects of specific and non-specific influenza prevention are discussed. The efficacy of the interferon-based medication Grippferon in the prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) is justified.
The State of Specific Immunity to Measles and Rubella Virus in Newborns and their mothers
Authors: Tikhonova N. T. , Tsvirkun O. V. , Gerasimova A. G. , Basov A. A. , Frolov R. A. , Ezhlova E. B. , Melnikova A. A. , Vatolina A. A. , Ivannikov N. Yu. , Melnik T. N. , Zakharyan A. I.
Published: July 2018

Objective: evaluate the passive specific immunity to measles and rubella in newborns and their mothers. Materials and metods: a study was made by the ELISA of the state of specific immunity to measles and rubella in 226 puerperas aged 15 to 44 without taking into account the vaccination status and their newborns in maternity hospitals in Moscow and Moscow Region. Results - the seropositive of measles proportion - 73.9 ± 2.9%, the rubella - 84.5 ± 2.4%. Comparison of the results of the study of immunity to rubella in puerperas and newborns with the results of previous years did not reveal any significant differences. The results of the examination of 226 newborns for the presence of antibodies to the rubella virus showed that the proportion of seropositive measles to the virus turned out to be 177 (78.3 ± 2.7%) children, rubella - 83.6 ± 2.4%, comparable to results of a survey of their mothers. Conclusion: high level of protection of the puerperas and their newborns from these infections. However, the organization and carrying out of vaccinations requires increased attention and control, since only high and timely coverage with vaccinations will prevent the increase in the incidence of infection when meeting with the pathogen of infection, including children of the first year of life.
Measles. Characteristics of the Epidemic Process and its Determinant in Real-Time Conditions (on the Example of a Measles outbreak in Yekaterinburg in 2016)
Authors: Golubkova A. A. , Platonova T. A. , Kharitonov A. N. , Rybinskova E. A. , Lelenkova E. V. , Yuzhanina T. S.
Published: July 2018

Introduction. Measles still poses a threat to the inhabitants of the planet. In different regions of the world and the Russian Federation are recorded instances of contamination and subsequent infection with formation of foci with a significant number of victims. Measles has a high reproduction rate of the infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the main characteristics of the epidemic process of measles and its determinants in realtime for direct and indirect control of epidemic process. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the data of official registration of the incidence of measles the population of Ekaterinburg from 1988 to 2016, and medical records of cases of measles in 2016. We used epidemiological, clinical and statistical research methods. Results. The authors found that the epidemic process of measles has undergone significant changes. Measles was not registered in the city from 2001 to 2015, the unit drifts measles-endemic territories didn't leak. However, the situation changed at the end of 2016. It was 72 clinically and laboratory confirmed case of measles in a period of 11 weeks. The largest proportion of cases were in children who are not vaccinated against measles. The average age of infection in children was 3.8 years. 59 measles epidemic foci were formed during the flash. Foci were registered in families, educational institutions and health care organizations. The most active spread of the infection was in medical organizations. The spread was associated with the presence of susceptible children and adults, serious shortcomings in terms of timely diagnostics of measles in the first and subsequent cases, violations in the organization of antiepidemic measures. Conclusion. 1. Despite positive shifts in the direction of measles elimination, it remains an actual infection, reserving opportunities for distribution among unvaccinated adults and children. 2. A special feature of the outbreak of measles in the territory of Yekaterinburg was the spread in medical organizations with the formation of secondary foci along the routes of following sick children and adults. The share of foci in medical organizations was 15.2% of the number of all foci, and the number of cases in any - 70.8% of registered cases.3. The significance of previously vaccinated cases as potential sources of infection in the foci is not high, the incidence rate when in contact with them is 0.53 ± 0.15, whereas in contact with previously not vaccinated - 7.94 ± 0.56.
Differences Depending on the Etiology of Influenza Epidemics in 2014-2017
Authors: Karpova L. S. , Stolyarova T. P. , Popovtseva N. M. , Stolyarov K. A. , Danilenko D. M.
Published: July 2018

The goal is to identify features of epidemic process of influenza depending on the etiology of epidemics to clarification of the forecast for future epidemics. Analysis of epidemics of influenza in Russia conducted according to the Federal center for influenza on morbidity, hospitalization and deaths from influenza in 59 Russian cities. The epidemic of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 2015–16 different from the mixed epidemics of influenza (A(H3N2) and B) 2014–15 and 2016–17 high development rate, high incidence of influenza and ARI at its peak, the incidence of hospitalization with a diagnosis of «influenza» (14%) and high mortality among the infected (6,0 on 100000). The epidemic of influenza A(H3N2) and B started earlier (December). They had a longer duration and the incidence in the cities and in the country, but less than the incidence at the peak of the epidemic and the incidence of hospitalization with a diagnosis of «influenza» (7.5 and 7.3%) and smaller (8.6 and 20 times) the mortality from the influenza. In these epidemics among the dead was higher than the percentage of children under 14 years and persons over 65 years of age than in the influenza epidemic 2015–16. And among the deaths increased the proportion of persons with chronic lung disease and immunodeficiency, but decreased the proportion of individuals with obesity and diseases of the liver and kidneys. For the period from 2009 to 2017 the tendency to increase the intensity of influenza A(H3N2) epidemics was 2.4 times greater than the decrease in the intensity of epidemic of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.
Vaccination of Children with Hemoblastosis
Authors: Коstinov M. P. , Таrasova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination children with hemoblastosis. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.
Review on the monograph by V. V. Shkarin, A. S. Blagonravova «Epidemiological features of co-infections»
Authors: Savilov E. D.
Published: July 2018

Review on the monograph by V. V. Shkarin, A. S. Blagonravova «Epidemiological features of co-infections».
Anthrax in the Russian Federation: Improvement of Epizootic-Epidemiological Surveillance at the Present Stage
Authors: Simonova E. G. , Kartavyaya S. A. , Raichich S. R. , Loktionova M. N. , Shabeykin A. A.
Published: July 2018

The improvement of epizootic-epidemiological surveillance of anthrax in the Russian Federation acquires particular urgency in modern conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the current  situation of anthrax in the Russian Federation and to develop and implement effective technologies of epizootic-epidemiological  surveillance. The materials of the study were data from official  statistics, information-analytical and archival materials; GIS  «Anthrax» data and The Cadastre of the settlements characterized  by persistent risk of anthrax in the Russian Federation, as well as  materials of publications and results of own researches. The modern  manifestations of both epizootic and epidemic processes of anthrax  in the Russian Federation, characterized by the occurrence of  outbreaks during the reduce in incidence of anthrax among humans  and animals, were revealed. The directions of the current  surveillance system have been determined.
European Immunization Week 2018: Vaccination as an Individual Right and a Shared Responsibility
Authors: Briко N. I.
Published: July 2018

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Pertussis – Morbidity, Immunization Tactics and Diagnostic Methods in Various European Countries
Authors: Bakhmutskaya E. V. , Mindlina A. Ya. , Stepenko A. V.
Published: July 2018

The paper reviews the incidence of pertussis, immunization tactics and diagnostic methods in 8 countries in the European Regionin 2001–2016. The surveyed countries were selected based on the  incidence of whooping cough: high, relatively high, medium and low. The results obtained showed that the reduction in the incidence of  whooping cough is typical for those European countries where the  immunization against pertussis regimen includes additional  revaccinations of preschool and pregnant women, as well as when coverage of the primary vaccination series exceeds 95%. With the growth of inapparent and not typical forms of the course of whooping  cough, the use of only the bacteriological method of diagnosis does not show the true morbidity.
Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine of the Sechenov University participated in the European Immunization Week
Authors: Editorial Agalar
Published: July 2018

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Surgical or endovascular management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: an agreement study
Authors: Darsaut Tim E. , Fahed Robert , Macdonald R. Loch , Arthur Adam S. , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Arikan Fuat , Roy Daniel , Weill Alain , Bilocq Alain , Rempel Jeremy L. , Chow Michael M. , Ashforth Robert A. , Findlay J. Max , Castro-Afonso Luis H. , Chagnon Miguel , Gevry Guylaine , Raymond Jean
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

Ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs) can be managed surgically or endovascularly. In this study, the authors aimed to measure the interobserver agreement in selecting the best management option for various patients with an RIA.

METHODS

The authors constructed an electronic portfolio of 42 cases of RIA in which an angiographic image along with a brief clinical vignette for each patient were displayed. Undisclosed to the responders was that the RIAs had been categorized as International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) (small, anterior-circulation, non–middle cerebral artery location, n = 18) and non-ISAT (n = 22) aneurysms; the non-ISAT group also included 2 basilar apex aneurysms for which a high number of endovascular choices was expected. The portfolio was sent to 132 clinicians who manage patients with RIAs and circulated to members of an American surgical association. Judges were asked to choose between surgical and endovascular management, to indicate their level of confidence in the choice of treatment on a quantitative 0–10 scale, and to determine whether they would include the patient in a randomized trial in which both treatments are compared. Eleven clinicians were asked to respond twice at least 1 month apart. Responses were analyzed using kappa statistics.

RESULTS

Eighty-five clinicians (58 cerebrovascular surgeons, 21 interventional neuroradiologists, and 6 interventional neurologists) answered the questionnaire. Overall, endovascular management was chosen more frequently (n = 2136 [59.8%] of 3570 answers). The proportions of decisions to clip were significantly higher for non-ISAT (50.8%) than for ISAT (26.2%) aneurysms (p = 0.0003). Interjudge agreement was only fair (kappa 0.210, 95% CI 0.158–0.276) for all cases and judges, despite high confidence levels (mean score > 8 for all cases). Agreement was no better within subgroups of clinicians with the same specialty, years of experience, or location of practice or across capability groups (ability to clip or coil, or both). When agreement was defined as > 80% of responders choosing the same option, agreement occurred for only 7 of 40 cases, all of which were ISAT aneurysms, for which coiling was preferred.

CONCLUSIONS

Agreement between clinicians regarding the best management option was infrequent but centered around coiling for some ISAT aneurysms. Surgical clipping was chosen more frequently for non-ISAT aneurysms than for ISAT aneurysms. Patients with such an aneurysm might be candidates for inclusion in randomized trials.
Using subdural strip electrodes to define functional sensory nerves and the most inferior functional portion of the conus medullaris during detethering surgeries for tethered cord syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Yang Chen-Ya , Liang Muh-Lii , Chen Hsin-Hung , Chiu Jan-Wei , Liao Kwong-Kum , Yang Tsui-Fen
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using subdural strip electrodes, placed just rostral to the surgical field, to record sensory evoked potentials (SEPs) from the lumbosacral sensory nerves and define the most inferior functional portion of the conus medullaris during detethering surgery for spinal dysraphism and/or tethered cord syndrome (TCS).

METHODS

Six patients, 2 boys and 4 girls, aged 0.5 to 16 years, were enrolled in this study. One patient had lipomyelomeningocele-related, 4 had myelomeningocele-related, and 1 had diastematomyelia and lipomyelomeningocele-related TCS. In addition to the routine preparations that are needed for performing functional mapping and monitoring during surgery for spinal dysraphism and TCS, the patients had a 1 × 4 strip of electrodes placed rostral to the surgical field, where it was secured by a surgeon after opening the dura. With the patient under total intravenous anesthesia, the sensory nerves and conus medullaris were stimulated with a concentric bipolar electrode over the surgical field while SEPs were recorded with the strip electrodes to identify any possible sensory roots with remaining function and the most inferior functional portion of the conus medullaris.

RESULTS

The SEP amplitudes that were recorded with the subdural strip electrodes ranged from 4 to 400 μV, and the responses to sensory nerve stimulation were frequently much larger than were those to conus stimulation. Use of the SEP recordings for sensory mapping along with the routine mapping and monitoring techniques allowed detethering to be completed such that none of the patients sustained any new functional deficit after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Recording SEPs from the functional sensory nerves and conus medullaris through subdural strip electrodes proved to be a feasible and valuable tool during detethering surgery in young patients. This approach may help surgeons achieve maximal detethering while preserving important sensory functions, consequently retaining the patient’s quality of life.
Intensive care resources required to care for critically ill children with focal intracranial infections
Authors: Lovett Marlina E. , Shah Zubin S. , Moore-Clingenpeel Melissa , Sribnick Eric , Ostendorf Adam , Chung Melissa G. , Leonard Jeffrey , O’Brien Nicole F.
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

Focal intracranial infections such as intraparenchymal abscesses or localized infections in the epidural or subdural spaces are relatively rare infections associated with both morbidity and mortality in children. Although children with these infections frequently require surgical intervention, there is a paucity of literature describing the critical care resources required to manage these cases. This retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate the resources necessary to care for critically ill children with focal intracranial infections at the authors’ institution.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective chart review of cases at their institution by using ICD-9/10 codes to identify children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for either intracranial abscess or extradural and subdural abscess between 2006 and 2016. All notes, medication administration records, laboratory/imaging results, vital signs, microbiological data, and electroencephalogram results were reviewed. Data were extracted to determine the utilization of the following resources: mechanical ventilation, vasoactive medications, and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The presence of intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema, seizure, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were noted. Pediatric cerebral performance category (PCPC) score was determined based upon the neurological exam at discharge.

RESULTS

A total of 45 children met the inclusion criteria. Their median age was 9 years (IQR 3–14 years). The incidence of focal intracranial infections in children admitted to the PICU was 0.68/1000 PICU admissions in 2006 and 2.81/1000 admissions in 2016. Thirty-nine children (86.7%) underwent neurosurgical intervention. Twenty patients (44%) required invasive mechanical ventilation, 7 (15.6%) received vasoactive medications, and 11 (24%) had an ICP monitor. Clinical seizures were detected in 12 children, including 2 who had both clinical and subclinical seizures; 1 child had subclinical seizures only. Eight children (17.8%) developed cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The median PCPC score was 1 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–3). The median PICU length of stay was 6.4 days (IQR 2.2–10.2 days). Children with seizures had a significantly longer hospital LOS than children without seizure.

CONCLUSIONS

In this single-center, retrospective study, critical care needs for children with focal intracranial infections varied. Most frequently, patients required close neurological monitoring, and almost half required invasive mechanical ventilation. Future studies should focus on further elucidating the resources required to care for these children as well as detecting factors to identify those children most at risk for complications.
GELECEĞİN PARA BİRİMİ YA DA SADECE BİR BALON: BİTCOİN
Authors: ZEREN Feyyaz , ESEN Sinan
Published: July 2018

Bu
çalışmada her geçen gün ilgiyle izlenmeye devam edilen sanal para birimi
Bitcoin’de çoklu balonların varlığı Phillips, Shi ve Yu (2015) tarafından
geliştirilen GSADF birim kök testi ve kritik değerlerin tespitinde her türlü
değişen varyans problemini hesaba katarak işlem yapan Harvey, Leybourne, Sollis ve Taylor (2016) tarafından geliştirilen metot takip edilerek araştırılmıştır.
Veri seti 16.07.2010 ve 31.12.2017 tarihleri arasında günlük bazdaki 24 saatlik
ortalama Bitcoin fiyatlarından oluşmaktadır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda söz
konusu veri aralığının büyük bir kısmında Bitcoin fiyatlarında çoklu balonların
varlığı görülmüştür
ANADOLU MASALLARINDA “PADİŞAH OLMA” MOTİFİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ATLI Sagıp
Published: July 2018

Geçmişten günümüze kadar gelen
anlatmaya dayalı sözlü kültür unsurlarından birisi masallardır. Masallar
toplumun değer yargıları, sözlü kültürü, inanç yapısı, gelenek ve görenekleri
gibi farklı birçok hususta bilgi içermesi bakımından ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bu
araştırma, sözlü kültür ürünlerinden masalların metin merkezli inceleme
yöntemlerinden biri olan Tarihi-Coğrafi Fin yöntemine dayanmaktadır. Bu
kapsamda Anadolu coğrafyasından derlenmiş olan masallardaki “padişah olma” motifi
ele alınmıştır. Çalışma bağlamında farklı zamanlarda tez ya da kitap olarak
hazırlanan; Elazığ, Erzurum, Adıyaman, Balıkesir, Bingöl, Muş, Niğde, Van, Taşeli,
Kastamonu, Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kilis, Isparta-Yalvaç, Isparta-Sütçüler,
Karabük-Safranbolu, Mersin-Tarsus, Mersin-Erdemli, Burdur-Bucak, Amasya, Muğla,
Iğdır, Kahramanmaraş, Gümüşhane ve Bayburt olmak üzere yirmi beş farklı yöreden
derlenen toplam 1530 masal metni taranmıştır. Çalışmanın başında masal, masal
inceleme yöntemleri, motif, masallardaki yönetim şekilleri ve yöneticiler gibi
hususlarda giriş mahiyetinde bilgiler verilmiştir. Ardından yapılan inceleme
sonucunda Anadolu masallarındaki “padişah olma” motifi; “İnsanlar Arasında
Padişah Olma”, “İnsan Dışı Varlıklarda Padişah Olma” şeklinde iki ana başlıkta
tasnif edilmiştir. İlk başlık kendi içinde “kuş uçurulması sonucu, soruyla
imtihan sonucu, ok atılması sonucu, mükâfatlandırma sonucu, toplum tarafından
sevilme sonucu, cezalandırma sonucu, saltanat usulü ve kahramanlık sonucu”;
ikinci başlık ise “padişah seçilecek varlıkta insan olması şartının aranması
sonucu” alt başlığına ayrılmıştır.
Her başlıkta gerekli açıklamalar yapıldıktan sonra masallardan örnekler sunulmuştur.
Ardından taranan masallardaki padişah olma motifinin sayısal dökümü yukarıda
belirtilen başlıklar altında yörelere göre dağılımıyla birlikte tablo hâlinde ortaya
konulmuştur. Ayrıca tablodaki sayısal verilerin belirlenen başlıklara göre
grafiği de çizilmiştir. Böylece masallardaki yönetim yapılanmasının nasıl
olduğu ve en üst noktadaki yönetime kimin geçeceğinin ne şekilde belirlendiği
gibi siyasal kuralların bu çalışmayla birlikte ayrıntılı olarak izahı
yapılmıştır.
AKADEMİK DANIŞMANLIĞIN İŞ ARAMA DAVRANIŞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TURİZM ÖĞRENCİLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YEŞİLTAŞ Murat , KİLİNÇ Olcay , KİLİNÇ Uğur , ÇEKEN Hüseyin
Published: July 2018

Araştırmada
akademik danışmanlık sisteminin, öğrencilerin aktif ve iş aramaya hazırlık davranışları
üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yükseköğrenimi tamamlama aşamasında
olan öğrencilerin iş arama davranışı içinde olması, farklı kanalların desteğini
de ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Üniversitelerdeki akademik danışmanlar, biçimsel görev
tanımları içinde yer almasa da rol ötesi davranış kalıpları olarak iş arama
davranışını destekleyecek kaynaklardan bir tanesidir. Bu anlamda çalışma 4
Turizm Fakültesi ve 1 Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulunda okuyan
375 son sınıf öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, anket
tekniğinden faydalanılmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde alan yazında yer alan
ölçekler kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS ve LISREL
programları aracığıyla incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları akademik danışmanlığın
niteliğinin iş aramaya hazırlık ve aktif iş arama davranışları üzerinde etkili
olduğunu göstermektedir.