bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core/rim microstructure of Ti(C, N) cermets with low nickel-molybdenum binder content
Authors: Grigorov I. G. , Zhilyaev V. A.
Published: June 2024

We investigated the influence of the basic component concentration on the microstructure of the KNT3 and KNT3 tungsten-free hard alloys (TFHA), focusing on ceramic-metal samples (cermets) with a low nickel-molybdenum binder content. The microstructure of the sintered cermets was analyzed using reflected electron images of thin sections obtained with a scanning electron microscope. Our analusis revealed that the KNT alloy exhobits a core/rim structure (CRM). We observed that decreasing the Ni–Mo binder content leads to a significantincrease in the rim size isurrounding the Ti(C, N) core in the sintered alloy. We also investigated the effect of the plasticizer on the formation of the core/rim microstructure with a low binder content. Furthermore, we found that the absence of nitrogen-enriched areas in the Ti(C, N) grains increases the molybdenum diffusion rate across the refractory phase interfaces during the cooling stage, resulting in a higher specific volume fraction of the shell in the cermet microstructure.
Calculating the penetration depth of reaction in chemical gas-phase deposition of boron nitride within porous bodies
Authors: Timofeev A. N. , Razina A. S. , Timofeev P. A. , Bodyan A. G.
Published: June 2024

The thermodynamic calculations conducted using the TERRA software package for the B–Cl–N–H system revealed that the inclusion of hydrogen into the B–Cl system significantly diminishes the thermodynamic stability of BCl3 with the possibility of boron formation in the condensed phase. On the other hand, the introduction of ammonia, which includes hydrogen, results in the synthesis of boron nitride across a broad temperature spectrum.  The analysis of kinetic relationships uncovered three distinct regions in the boron nitride deposition process: K – kinetic region (up to 1400 K), D – diffusion region (above 1800 K) and T – transition region. The activation energy for the kinetic region was calculated as Ea = 134 kJ/mol. Within the temperature range of 1023–1123 K, linear dependences were observed. The computation of the penetration depth for the boron nitride deposition process assumed a gas mixture of boron trichloride, ammonia, and argon (BCl3 + NH3 + 30Ar). The results indicated that boron trichloride governs the extent of penetration. The depths of penetration for the chemical vapor infiltration boron nitride (CVI-BN) process, conducted at 0.1 kPa within the temperature range of 1100–1400 K, were determined for pore diameters of 1, 10, 30, 100, 200 and 300 µm. When porosimetry data for a specific preform is available, the acquired penetration depth relationships for the CVI-BN process under specific parameters and process temperatures facilitate the estimation of essential parameters for interphase formation using pyrolytic boron nitride.
The Power of Words
Authors: Twain Mark
Published: June 2024

Twenty-one years after the Civil War ruined Mark Twain's occupation as a steamboat pilot he returned to gather material for his book about the Mississippi River. As he voyaged along the eastern border of Iowa in the spring of 1882 memories of former scenes and acquaintances were revived. Keokuk, where everybody bought real estate in 1857 and ' everybody sold — except widows and preachers", reminded him of a picturesque character of those pioneer times. The following description of Henry Clay Dean is reprinted with permission of Harper & Brothers, from Chapter 57 in Life on the Mississippi. — The Editor.
OPTIMIZING VANADIUM CONVERTER SLAG UTILIZATION: TARGETED ENRICHMENT AND STABILIZATION OF VANADIUM THROUGH NON-EQUILIBRIUM SOLIDIFICATION
Authors: Wang Ya-Jun , Zhang Xiao-Pei , Zhang Jian-Bao , Peng Li-Jie , Li Jun-Guo
Published: June 2024

The objective of this research was to optimize the comprehensive utilization of vanadium converter slag through targeted enrichment and stabilization of heavy metal vanadium. Employing the non-equilibrium solidification theory and FactSage software, we investigated the potential of modifying vanadium converter slag. When the original slag failed to generate vanadium-rich spinel with usable V elements, introducing modifying agents Fe and Al proved effective. Fe facilitated the enrichment of Cr within spinel, while Al significantly promoted the V enrichment. Expanding on this, we systematically examined the influence of Fe2O3, Al2O3 and MgO contents on spinel phase precipitation during vanadium slag solidification. The addition of Al resulted in the precipitation of corundum, hematite, spinel, olivine and diopside phases. With an increase in the Fe2O3 content, the precipitation of FeV2O4 and MgV2O4 initially increased, peaking at 9.67 % before subsequently decreasing. Maintaining the Fe2O3 content within a range of 25–30 % proved optimal for enhancing vanadium precipitation and enrichment. In contrast, variations in the Al2O3 content had minor impacts on SP-V phase precipitation, with slight effects on FeV2O4 reaching 10.34 %. Furthermore, the incorporation of MgO facilitated the precipitation of MgV2O4 while concurrently suppressing the FeV2O4 precipitation. By judiciously controlling the MgO content at approximately 20 %, vanadium enrichment in the form of FeV2O4 and MgV2O4 spinel phases reached a remarkable 94.46 %.
CEMENT COMPOSITES WITH THE ADDITION OF PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS AS INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR MAINTAINING A PLEASANT LIVING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Štukovnik Petra , Bokan-Bosiljkov Violeta , Marinšek Marjan , Skalar Tina
Published: June 2024

The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of the addition of phase-change material (PCM) to mortar mixtures and its effect on the material’s mechanical and thermal properties. This work included the preparation of mortar mixtures with two different water-to-cement (w/c) ratios as well as various PCM volume-fraction additions. The main objectives were to determine the effect of the w/c ratio as well as the PCM addition on the mechanical properties of the mortars after (3, 7, and 28) d of curing. Additionally, we examined the microstructure of the prepared mortar composites and evaluated their thermal behaviour. Microstructural analysis revealed the uniform distribution of PCM microcapsules throughout the mortar matrix, which contributes to the efficient storage and release of thermal energy. Thermal properties were analysed by repeated heating and cooling cycles of the mortar composites. The repeatability of the cyclic testing results showed a reversible melting and solidification phase change of the PCM and indicated the potential use of such composites as an energy-efficient building material. The study highlighted the potential incorporation of the PCM into mortar mixtures to improve their thermal properties while maintaining the mechanical integrity. The research findings provide valuable insight into the development of sustainable building materials with greater energy efficiency and structural reliability.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE VIBRATION-REDUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHAFT COATING FOR A TURBOCHARGER
Authors: Ok Murat , Saruhan Hamit
Published: June 2024

A turbocharger is a system that is fitted to automotive engines to increase performance and efficiency by taking air at atmospheric pressure, compressing it to a higher pressure and passing the compressed air into the engine via the inlet valves. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor impeller interconnected with a shaft supported in most cases by journal bearings. The shaft is one of most crucial components of a turbocharger system and it operates at high speed. The shaft vibrations are an inherent phenomenon and they are travelling to the surrounding structure, effecting the stability and reliability of the turbocharger system. The selection of the appropriate shaft-material property is a critical parameter among the parameters that affect the vibration of the system. This study focuses on exploring whether it is possible to reduce the shaft vibration using different types of coating materials, including aluminum chromium nitride (AlCrN), titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum titanium nitride (AlTiN), each having thicknesses of (2, 4, and 6) µm, for a shaft made of AISI 4140 alloy steel. The inherent natural vibration properties, such as the resonant frequencies, damping, and mode shapes of the turbocharger shaft with and without coating, were obtained by conducting an experimental modal analysis through measurements of the frequency-response function, which is about curve fitting the data using a predefined mathematical model of the turbocharger shaft. The results were validated numerically with the finite element method. From overall results, it was observed that the AlCrN, TiN, and AlTiN coating thicknesses have a small effect on the resonant frequencies, but a good damping effect. The resonant response of the turbocharger shaft at resonant frequencies was suppressed remarkably by the AlCrN and AlTiN coatings, especially those having a thickness of 6 and 4 µm.
DIGITAL CURRENCY: RUSSIAN AND CHINESE EXPERIENCE
Authors: МАТЫЦИН Фёдор Олегович
Published: June 2024

The rapid development of new technologies, such as big data, blockchain, and artificial intelligence, has propelled the digital economy to the forefront of history, necessitating the ability to adapt, keep up with the times, and improve legal regulations.
In 2023, the Russian Federation took significant steps towards the introduction of the digital ruble. Specifically, transactions with the digital ruble were tested for the first time with the participation of real customers, and the State Duma adopted several important legal acts that amend the current legislation and regulate the introduction of the digital ruble in Russia.
However, the swift evolution of digital currencies is not exclusive to Russia, many countries are grappling with the development and implementation of a new form of money. This form aims to simultaneously enhance the transparency and reliability of transactions while contributing to the stability of the national currency.
In this article, we propose to examine the features of legal regulation and the conduct of transactions with digital currency, using the experiences of both the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China as examples
РАЗВИТИЕ ИНСТИТУТА АВТОРСТВА В ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ
Authors: ИВЛИЕВ Григорий Петрович
Published: June 2024

В статье проанализированы исторически сложившиеся и теоретически обусловленные подходы к институту авторства в праве промышленной собственности; проведен сравнительно-правовой анализ правового статуса автора изобретений и промышленных образцов в отдельных государствах — членах Евразийской патентной организации (в Республике Армения, Республике Беларусь, Республике Казахстан, Российской Федерации). Особое внимание уделено анализу соответствующих норм евразийского патентного права.
В результате проведенного исследования автор статьи сформулировал предложения по совершенствованию отдельных аспектов института авторства.
О СОСТОЯНИИ РОССИЙСКОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ И ВОЗМОЖНЫХ ПУТЯХ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: СЕРГЕЕВ Александр Петрович
Published: June 2024

Автор статьи делится своими соображениями о состоянии отечественного законодательства по интеллектуальной собственности и возможных путях его дальнейшего развития. Вначале кратко описыня процесс разработки и принятия части четвертой ГК РФ и дана оценка этому событию; затем перечислены концептуальные недостатки современного состояния права интеллектуальной собственности и изложены некоторые идеи относительно перспектив развития законодательства по интеллектуальной собственности.
ПРОБЛЕМА РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ ПРАВ НА ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ, СГЕНЕРИРОВАННЫЕ ИСКУССТВЕННЫМ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТОМ
Authors: ЧЕРНЫШОВ Матвей Сергеевич
Published: June 2024

В работе исследуются проблемные вопросы права интеллектуальной собственности, возникшие в связи с развитием генеративных моделей искусственного интеллекта, способных по запросу генерировать текст, изображение, мелодию и т.д. Автор сосредоточился на распределении интеллектуальных права на сгенерированный ИИ контент. В этой проблеме выделяются два аспекта: 1) произведение было в какой-то части сгенерировано, но в его создании прослеживается творческий вклад человека; 2) произведение было сгенерировано целиком без человеческого творческого участия. Подчеркивается сложность единого определения понятия ИИ из-за его комплексности. Актуальность проблемы вызвана повсеместным и массовым использованием генеративных моделей ИИ, что бросает вызов действующему законодательству. Сделан вывод о том, что к творческой деятельности способен только человек, а ИИ может лишь осуществлять сложную механическую компиляцию загруженных в него результатов.
Действующий российский закон позволяет считать автором только человека, при этом нет никаких препятствий к тому, чтобы считать ИИ инструментом творчества и наделять человека авторскими правами в отношении сгенерированного произведения, если при этом прослеживается его творческий вклад. Вопрос о распределении интеллектуальных прав на произведения, сгенерированные без творческого участия человека, должен быть прямо решен законодателем, потому что на это есть запрос у общества и бизнеса. Исследование существующих в доктрине законодательных концепций распределения прав на сгенерированные произведения показало, что наиболее удачной для реализации в российском законодательстве будет антропоцентрическая концепция, в рамках которой автор работы предлагает наделять исключительным правом конечного пользователя, сформулировавшего запрос к нейросети. Такое исключительное право предлагается ограничить сроком действия в один календарный год. Тогда у этого у пользователей будет стимул оплачивать доступ к нейросети, а разработчики будут получать финансирование на развития технологий ИИ.
Trasformazioni dell’habitat periurbano di Firenze nel medioevo
Authors: Brufal Sucarrat Jesús
Published: June 2024

Book review: 
Trasformazioni dell’habitat periurbano di Firenze nel medioevo
Marie-Ange Causarano, Sesto Fiorentino
Edizioni All’Insegna del Giglio, 2022, 175 páginas
El ajuar inexistente: Objetos dentro de tumbas de musulmanes en al-Andalus
Authors: Labarta Ana
Published: June 2024

Islamic burial regulations exclude the presence of grave goods. The article proposes to study the cases in which, contrary to this premise, archaeology has documented some objects inside the tombs. In order to address this issue, it is first necessary to correctly identify which of the graves that have been excavated in the Iberian Peninsula are actually Muslims graves. The material found have then been classified and an attempt has been made to determine what are the possible causes of its presence. Religiosity justifies the inclusion of writings of a pious nature; perhaps plague epidemics explain why some people were buried wearing jewels; a pottery vessel may have been used to hold the skeleton in position; some material from medieval or previous times may have been mixed in the soil, but there may have been many other causes.
Polatuzumab vedotin in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma therapy: Literature review and experience of the Oncohematology Division of the Lapino Clinical Hospital
Authors: Ryabukhina Yu. E. , Zeynalova P. A. , Timofeeva O. L. , Abbasbeyli F. M. , Zhukov A. G. , Valiev T. T.
Published: June 2024

Study of molecular and genetic features of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) suggests differential approach to treatment of this aggressive B-cell disorder characterized by short remission after each subsequent therapy line. Therefore, more effective regimens should be used at earlier stages. Identification of biological markers and their integration into prognostic scales can help to personalize therapy, especially in patients with high risk of quick progression and increase survival.

Our own experience of using immunoconjugate polatuzumab vedotin in therapy of patients with DLBCL. The use of Pola-BR combination in a patient with refractory non-GCB DLBCL allowed to achieve full remission alongside satisfactory tolerability and absence of significant adverse events. An evaluation of the Pola-R-CHP regimen in treatment of a patient with newly diagnosed generalized GCB DLBCL is presented.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in cardio-oncology
Authors: Ivanova Z. Z. , Alexandrova S. A. , Zeynalova P. A. , Akhobekov A. A.
Published: June 2024

In recent decades, groundbreaking methods of diagnosis and treatment were developed leading to significantly increased life span of patients with malignant neoplasms. Among patients treated for cancer, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death not associated with cancer. Early identification of cardiotoxicity is very important as it allows to apply early prevention measures and modify antitumor treatment schemes. Prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity are possible only with a functioning multidisciplinary team including oncologists and cardiologists. Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart plays a significant role in monitoring the condition of cardiovascular system during antitumor treatment. This technique allows to obtain accurate characteristics of the tissues and evaluate myocardial perfusion without radiation exposure.
Modulation of the intestinal microbiota as a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of comorbid chronic cardiovascular diseases and colorectal cancer in one patient. Review
Authors: Frolova Yu. V. , Dymova O. V. , Petrenko K. N. , Tsatsurova S. A. , Bedzhanyan A. L.
Published: June 2024

To date, the etiological causes of adverse outcomes associated with cardiovascular diseases and concomitant colorectal cancer in one patient, especially over 60 years of age, are multifactorial: from undiagnosed timely above-mentioned pathological conditions to poor adherence to treatment. It is a multi-level approach that is the future guarantee of reducing the burden on public health as a result of these most common nosologies.

The aim of the work is to evaluate discussions between different experts with an analysis of fundamental and clinical studies based on world literature in the search for new prospects for the treatment of patients with cardiovascular pathology and comorbid colorectal cancer based on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota.

A literature search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database using the keywords: intestinal microbiota, cardio-oncology, oncosurgery, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular diseases. Additional sources were identified through literature cross-referencing. Search period: 2023.

The gut microbiome is a potential marker for better risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases, colorectal cancer, and prediction of shortand long-term major adverse cardiovascular and cancer events. To develop clear recommendations and conclusions, additional research is required.
Design and operating principle of a mechanical device for signaling refrigerating leakage from the compressor system of a working household refrigerator
Authors: Demin Mikhail V. , Bryushkov Ruslan V. , Levkina Victoria E.
Published: June 2024

The root cause of refrigerant leaking from a household refrigerator’s compressor system can be traced to micro- and macro-damage within the sealed system. To determine and prevent further leakage, it is necessary to equip the refrigerator with an alarm device featuring a thermal balloon on the exterior of the freezer evaporator. This innovative device is designed to react solely to any drop in temperature across the surface of the freezer evaporator below its nominal value. For this purpose, the thermal energy indicators of a household refrigerator, considering variable ambient temperatures and the required refueling dose of the compressor system, were determined. This device does not replace an existing one; rather, it serves as a complement by interrupting the electrical circuit to the start-up relay; thereby, disconnecting the compressor from the power supply and alerting users to a potential refrigerant leak in the compressor system. This device can be implemented in compressor systems utilizing any type of refrigerant.
Verrucous carcinoma on lateral tongue in association with oral submucous fibrosis: A rare case report
Authors: Maloth Kotya Naik , Beesa Chandrakanth , Padmala Amith Kumar , Tulsham Manasa , Kundoor Vinay Kumar Reddy
Published: June 2024

Oral verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare tumor, which a clinical variant of well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma characterized by exophytic growth or cauliflower like growth in appearance. It establishes in older individuals, who has habit of chronic tobacco chewing and predominance in males. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, insidious, potentially malignant disorder associated with betel nut chewing habit. The development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is seen in one-third of the OSMF patients, but the development of VC is rarely seen in such patients. In the literature a very few cases of OSMF with VC are reported. Here, we present such a rare case in a 25 years old female patient with VC in conjunction with OSMF.
Problemas económicos y ecológicos en la ocupación del territorio palestino
Authors: Cante Maldonado Fredy Eduardo , Franco Cuervo Ana Beatriz
Published: June 2024

Nuestro objetivo es responder la pregunta: ¿cuáles son, y cómo ocurren, los problemas económicos y ecológicos derivados de la ocupación del territorio palestino por parte del Estado de Israel? Nuestro abordaje metodológico consiste en la lectura crítica de la literatura teórica y empírica disponible, y en la interpretación de algunas estadísticas descriptivas. La principal conclusión es que los graves conflictos sociales y ambientales podrían resolverse con otra lógica económica (no violenta y no egoísta). El principal hallazgo es que existe una especie de maldición del ganador, el cual toma, arbitrariamente, cada vez más terreno y, debido a su afluencia, crecimiento poblacional y tecnología nociva, degrada y hace invivible el territorio tomado (generando una tragedia de los comunes).
Estructura de propiedad, origen de capital y eficiencia bancaria: evidencia para Argentina en el periodo 2010-2018
Authors: Costa de Arguibel Facundo , Witting Carolina , Dip Juan Antonio
Published: June 2024

Este estudio analiza la relación entre la estructura de propiedad, el origen del capital y la eficiencia técnica de los bancos argentinos entre 2010 y 2018, utilizando la técnica no paramétrica del Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) bajo un enfoque de intermediación. Se comparan dos estrategias al definir insumos y productos: una variante del enfoque de intermediación y el enfoque de producción. Los resultados muestran que los bancos extranjeros en Argentina tienen ventajas competitivas sobre los locales, excepto en 2011. Además, no se encontró evidencia de que los bancos privados sean más competitivos y eficientes que los públicos. La eficiencia estimada varía según el rol asignado a los depósitos (insumo o producto).
Mobilność współdzielona jako składowa inteligentnego transportu miejskiego. Analiza opinii użytkowników na przykładzie miasta Kielce
Authors: Pałka Julia
Published: June 2024

Rozdział podejmuje problematykę inteligentnych systemów i rozwiązań transportowych w miastach. Punktem wyjścia dla rozważań jest koncepcja miasta inteligentnego, w której jednym z postulowanych kierunków rozwoju miasta jest nowoczesny, oparty o technologie ICT i dopasowany do oczekiwań użytkowników miast transport. Wraz z rozwojem technologicznym, pojawia się szereg nowoczesnych rozwiązań transportowych, w tym mobilność współdzielona. Cyfrowe opcje mobilności w miastach są szybsze, bezpieczniejsze, bardziej wydajne i ekologiczne oraz – co warto podkreślić – stanowią uzupełnienie dla transportu zbiorowego i alternatywę dla transportu indywidualnego. Celem rozdziału było zidentyfikowanie i ocena wdrożenia założeń idei smart city w obszarze transportu w mieście Kielce oraz ocena zadowolenia mieszkańców i użytkowników miasta z inteligentnych rozwiązań transportowych w postaci systemów mobilności współdzielonej dostępnych w mieście. Zaprezentowano wyniki badania ankietowego, przeprowadzonego na próbie 111 osób. Z badania wynika, iż respondenci w większości są zadowoleni z dostępnej oferty mobilności współdzielonej w Kielcach. Wyższy poziom zadowolenia wykazują młodsi respondenci, o wykształceniu średnim i o wysokich kompetencjach cyfrowych.
Enhancing Taxpayer Registration with Inter-Institutional Data Sharing – Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Scarpini Celeste , Santoro Fabrizio , Waiswa Ronald , Arewa Moyo , Nabuyondo Jane
Published: June 2024

Governments in low-income countries struggle to collect and use population information adequately. For tax administrations, all of which require comprehensive data about the tax base, the lack of accurate information is a crucial challenge. This challenge often appears intractable for African tax administrations, which operate in a context of high informality. Cross-agency data-sharing agreements and inter-institutional system integration, primarily related to national identification (ID) schemes, seem to offer a solution. These can potentially improve registration functions, facilitate identification of evaders, increase efficiency, and reduce taxpayers’ compliance costs. Summary of ICTD African Tax Administration Paper 35.
Efficacy of using platelet rich plasma lysate in treatment patients with proximal humerus fracture
Authors: Titov R. S. , Fayn A. M. , Ponomarev I. N. , Borovkova N. V. , Mazhorova I. I. , Khamidova L. T. , Evgrafov P. G. , Vaza A. Yu. , Skuratovskaya K. I.
Published: June 2024

Relevance. Proximal humerus fractures account for up to 75 % of all humerus fractures in patients over 60 years of age. The number of such patients is constantly growing, but there is no consensus on the treatment of this injury.

Target. To determine the effectiveness of using platelet-rich lysate in patients with proximal humerus fractures.

Object and methods. A randomized prospective study was conducted. All operated patients (n = 34) were divided into 3 groups. The first group (main 1) included patients who were administered platelet-rich plasma lysate at the end of surgery – 13 patients. The second (main 2) included patients who used platelet-rich plasma on the 14th day from the moment of surgery. The third (comparison group) included patients who didn`t use platelet-rich plasma lysate. To objectify the effect of platelet-rich plasma used the ultrasound method of research.

Results. An intergroup comparison at different times after surgery showed that in the Main 1 group, in which PRP was started intraoperatively, the relative thickness of the supraspinatus muscle on the side of the operation was significantly lower than in other groups. In a pairwise comparison in the group of patients without PRP and in patients of the 2nd main group (who were administered PRP n the 14th day), the relative thickness of the supraspinatus muscle on the side of surgery after 1 month and after 1,5–2,5 months didn`t differ significantly from surgery.

Conclusions. Intraoperative use of platelet-rich plasma can reduce inflammatory changes in the tendons of the supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles, which is reliably confirmed by ultrasound data.
COVID-19 severity prediction in patients with chronic hepatitis C depending on the liver fibrosis stage
Authors: Temnik E. N. , Konstantinov D. Yu. , Popova L. L. , Persteneva N. P.
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study was to develop a method for assessing the risk of severity of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in patients with chronic hepatitis C depending on the severity of liver fibrosis.

Object and methods. The results of laboratory data of patients with COVID-19 and chronic hepatitis C (n = 147) were analyzed. According to the severity of liver fibrosis, patients with COVID-19 with chronic hepati­tis C were divided into 3 subgroups: mild fibrosis (F1), moderate fibrosis (F2), severe fibrosis (F3). In blood serum, the parameters of total and biochemical (C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, gamma-globulins, ferritin) blood tests, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B), hemostasis (fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time), cytokines (interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-а). All parameters were assessed in the acute period, depending on the severity of COVID-19 and the stage of liver fibrosis.

Outcomes. Computer program for predicting the severi­ty of COVID-19 in patients with chronic hepatitis C, depending on the stage of liver fibrosis, can be introduced into clinical practice for managing patients in the certain group.
Arterial hypertension in kidney transplant recipients: pathophysiology, diagnostics, treatment
Authors: Khubutiya M. Sh. , Musaeva F. M. , Kanunova T. A. , Rzhevskaya O. N. , Balkarov A. G. , Alidzhanova Kh. G.
Published: June 2024

Relevance: Arterial hypertension (HTN) in kidney transplant recipients is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, graft rejection and premature death. In the post-transplant period in 80% of cases persistent or refractory arterial hypertension develops which is difficult to correct with conventional drug therapy. Treatment difficulties include the ineffectiveness of many first-line drugs and the fact that the most common immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus and methylprednisolone) contribute to the development of hypertension. This type of hypertension represents a significant problem in clinical practice due to the complexity of treatment and high mortality. The need to study the treatment of post-transplant hypertension is due not only to its clinical significance, but also to the potential opportunity to improve treatment results and life expectancy of kidney transplant recipients.

Objective: to study the genesis, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of posttransplant hypertension.

Materials and methods: 37 literary sources were analyzed.

Conclusions: High blood pressure exposes the recipient of a kidney transplant to the risk of CVD and mortality as well as increased systemic hypertension which can be a cause and a consequence of renal pathology. Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor contributing to the progression of renal failure. There is no any single treatment algorithm. It is often necessary to use several antihypertensive drugs to achieve the target blood pressure.
Omics-based analysis of Akkermansia muciniphila cultivation in food-grade media
Authors: Geerlings Sharon Y. , van der Ark Kees , Nijsse Bart , Boeren Sjef , van Loosdrecht Mark , Belzer Clara , de Vos Willem M.
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: Over the past years, the gut microbiota and its correlation to health and disease has been studied extensively. In terms of beneficial microbes, an increased interest in Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila ) has been observed since its discovery. Direct evidence for the role of A. muciniphila in host health has been provided in both mice and human studies. However, for human interventions with A. muciniphila cells, industrial-scale fermentations are needed, and hence, the used cultivation media should be free of animal-derived components, food-grade, non-allergenic and allow for efficient growth to high densities to provide cost-effective production platforms. In this study, we assessed the growth and performance of A. muciniphila in batch bioreactors using newly developed plant-based media.

Methods: The bioreactors were supplemented with varying carbon sources, including different ratios of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucose. We monitored the growth of A. muciniphila in the plant-based medium using optical density (OD600) measurements and microscopy. In addition, we used a combination of biochemical analysis as well as transcriptional and proteomics analysis to gain detailed insight into the physiology.

Results: Comparisons between growth on these media and that on mucin revealed differences at both transcriptome and proteome levels, including differences in the expression of glycosyltransferases, signaling proteins, and stress response. Furthermore, elongated cells and higher OD600 values were observed using the plant-based media as compared to cultivation media containing mucin.

Conclusion: These differences do not hamper growth, and therefore, our data suggest that the food-grade medium composition described here could be used to produce A. muciniphila with high yields for therapeutic purposes.
Associations between intestinal lactic acid bacteria species and feeding habits of zoo animals
Authors: Horie Masanori , Ohno Tomoki , Iwahashi Hitoshi , Umemura Maiko , Murotomi Kazutoshi
Published: June 2024

Aim: Lactic acid bacteria are among the most important bacteria in the intestinal flora and often have beneficial effects on the host. It is known that the bacteria that compose the intestinal flora are influenced by the feeding habits of host animals, but there was a lack of knowledge about lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, also considering the use of select strains as probiotics, this study investigated the relationship between the feeding habits of zoo animals and intestinal Lactobacillaceae species.

Methods: Lactic acid bacteria belonging to the family Lactobacillaceae were isolated and identified from the feces of 20 zoo animal species (5 carnivores, 4 herbivores, 7 piscivores, and 4 omnivores). Isolates were identified by the homology of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. In addition, the fecal flora of host animals was evaluated by the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results: The types of Lactobacillaceae species were shown to vary depending on the feeding habits of host animals. Ligilactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius ) and Ligilactobacillus saerimneri (L. saerimneri ) were isolated from the feces of carnivores. Whereas Ligilactobacillus equi (L. equi ), Limosilactobacillus gorillae , Ligilactobacillus hayakitensis and L. salivarius were isolated from the feces of herbivores. These Lactobacillaceae species were not found in the feces of piscivores. Instead, Enterococcus were frequently found in piscivores. The fecal flora also differed according to the feeding habits of host animals; at the phylum level, Bacillota was predominant in all animals; on the other hand, herbivores tended to have a higher proportion of Bacteroidota than carnivores, and piscivores tended to have a higher proportion of Proteobacteria.

Conclusion: Lactic acid bacteria differ among animal species in a manner dependent on the hosts’ feeding habits.
Метод формування пакетів сервісів за допомогою алгоритмiв кластеризацiї
Authors: Гавриленко О. , Чимшир В. , Жаріков Е. , Теленик С. , Амонс О.
Published: June 2024

Об’єктом дослідження є платформи підтримки життєвого циклу сервісів в інформаційних системах провайдерів інформаційно-комунікаційних сервісів. На основі аналізу сервісного підходу до підтримки бізнес-процесів і прийняття рішень в компаніях, організаціях, на підприємствах показано, що розроблення їх інформаційних систем в такихумовах перетворюється у комплексну проблему великих розмірів. Декомпозиція ставить перед ІТ-службами низку простіших проблем, однією з яких є проектування сервісів, що вимагає попереднього вирішення проблеми формування пакетів сервісів в інформаційних системах провайдерів інформаційно-комунікаційних сервісів.Метою роботи є вибір і обґрунтування найбільш прийнятних варіантів рішень щодо пакетів сервісів, які забезпечують взаємну вигоду провайдеру і компаніям-клієнтам з врахуванням доцільних параметрів угоди про рівень обслуговування, забезпеченням визначеного QoS, безпеки і довіри, наданням здатності до самоуправління і самоорганізації та ін. Для досягнення мети пропонується метод формування пакетів сервісів, ідея якого полягає у тому, щоб на основi статистичних даних про надання інформаційно-телекомунікаційних сервісів розв’язати задачу кластеризації і потім кожний отриманий кластер рекомендувати відповідним службам провайдера як пакет інформаційно-телекомунікаційних сервісів. Ефективність методу базується на комбінованому використанні алгоритму DBSCAN, коефiцiєнта рангової кореляцiї Кендала, шкали Чеддока. Запропонований підхід дозволяє більш персоніфіковано формувати пакети інформаційно-телекомунікаційних сервісів для кожного клієнта. Пiдхiд є доситьунiверсальним i може бути застосований для формування пакетів сервісів в iнших галузях.
Бібл. 15, табл. 2
Proximate Analysis and Pathological Studies of Extracts of Cola acuminata and Cola nitida in Some Visceral Organs (Kidney and Liver) of Albino Rats in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Habakkuk Ozoffor Chinedu , Onyemelukwe Ngozi Felicia , Ogbuagu Elochukwu
Published: June 2024

The proximate values and pathological effects of the consumption of kolanuts were determined. A total of thirty albino rats aged 8-16 weeks were procured from the Animal House of Department of Biochemistry University of Nigeria Nsukka. LD50 was carried out using eighteen kmn albino rats within 14 days. Rats were divided into 3 groups A, B, and C. Group A were given 0.02g of Cola acuminata and Cola nitida paste daily while group B consumed 0.04g daily and group C (Control) were fed on pellets. Drinking water was given to both the control rats and experimental rats and libitum. Statistical analysis of the weight using student ‘t’ test for comparison of weight before experimentation and after showed significant decrease in rats weight P<0.05. The results obtained revealed normal liver tissues in control with normal parenchyma. However, the liver of rats exposed to kola nuts showed evidence of vacuolation, infiltration of inflammatory cells and mild to moderate necrosis as shown in the photomicrographs. The kidney tissues revealed the presence of casts in the tubular lumen, mild erosion of tubules and constriction of capillary turf. However, the proximate values of kolanuts revealed Moisture, Ash, Protein, Fat, Fibre, Carbohydrate and Calories.
A Study on the Bacteriological Profile of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, K.A.P.V. Govt. Medical College, Trichy, India
Authors: Sujeetha Nagarajan , Gnanaguru P. , Lakshmi K.
Published: June 2024

This study was conducted to identify and isolate the bacterial pathogens causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in a tertiary care hospital, Trichy. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from symptomatic patients and cultured under aerobic conditions on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar. Samples having significant growth (>10^5 cfu /ml) and significant number of pus cells in direct smear were processed further by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was evaluated by Kirby – Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Out of 3408 urine samples processed, 663 samples showed significant growth on culture. The prevalence of UTI in study population was 20%. Escherichia coli was the commonest isolate (59.8%), Klebsiella spp (18%), Enterococcus spp (15%), Acinetobacter baumanni (4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3%), Proteus spp (0.75%). Among these isolates gram negative bacilli showed high susceptibility to Nitrofurantoin, Cotrimoxazole and gram positive organisms to Nitrofurantoin and Ampicillin. This study has shown Nitrofurantoin, Cotrimoxazole and Ampicillin are the most effective drugs for the empirical therapy of UTI in our region. The study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of organisms causing UTI in particular area can help the clinicians to choose the antibiotic so that misuse of antibiotics can be prevented.
Harnessing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biostimulants for Enhancing Growth and Productivity of Tephrosia purpurea: A Promising Approach for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Dubey Priyanka , Upadhyaya Ravi
Published: June 2024

Tephrosia purpurea, commonly known as “wild indigo,” is a leguminous plant with significant ecological and agricultural importance due to its medicinal properties, soil-improving abilities, and potential as a forage crop. In recent years, there has been growing interest in utilizing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biostimulants to enhance crop growth, productivity, and stress tolerance. This research paper explores the potential of PGPR as biostimulants for Tephrosia purpurea, highlighting their mechanisms of action, beneficial effects on plant growth and development, and implications for sustainable agriculture.
Isolation, Sporulation and Characterization of Fungi from Bihazardous Hospital Waste of Hazaribag
Authors: Singh Aditya Kumar , Das Mukul Kumar , Kumar Soni Priyanshu , Kumar Raghujeet , Bharti Vidya , Hussain Ansari Athar , Indra Guru Piyush , Kumari Shreya , Anand Kumar
Published: June 2024

The fungus in hospital garbage has spread because of the bio-hazardous clinical waste specimens utilized in the diagnostic procedure. The current investigation's goal was to use the phenotypic approach to identify the fungal isolates collected from clinical wastes. On Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium, the fungal isolates were obtained by the direct plate technique. They were purified by single-spore separation by streaking after growing for 7–14 days at 28°C. A light microscope was used to evaluate the morphology of the fungal isolates, and various mediums were used to record the culture properties. More than sixty different fungus species were discovered, ranging from numerous genera, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Candida, Oidiodendron, Fusarium, Curvularia, Oidiodendron, Aspergillus, Trichothecium, Mucor and Acinetobacter from several genera. They were also characterized at physico-chemical as well as at biochemical levels. According to these findings, a variety of fungus found in clinical wastes might pose a health danger to people if they haven't been rendered inactive before being released into the environment. These studies revealed that there may be a health concern associated with clinical wastes, and it was urged that they be managed carefully to limit the spread of infectious germs.
Antimicrobial Gene Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Escherichia coli from Human Clinical Isolates in North India
Authors: Shah Hamid Ahmad , K. Kakru Dalip , Altaf Bhat Mohd
Published: June 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an extensive public health problem due to the rapid increase in the population of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Escherichia coli, a common bacterial pathogen, has demonstrated resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics through the formation of beta- lactamase enzymes. Understanding the genetic diversity and co-carriages of β-lactamase genes in E. coli is essential for developing effective strategies to combat AMR. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive molecular characterization of beta-lactamase E. coli isolates collected from clinical in the northern Indian region. To find and categorize beta-lactamase genes, 210 E. coli isolates were submitted for phenotypic and genotypic investigation. Different beta-lactamase gene variations were detected using DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They were further characterized on the basis of antimicrobial gene profile. The present study findings revealed a diverse range of beta-lactamase gene variants in the E. coli isolates, including SHV, TEM, and CTX-M types. Importantly, we seen a greatexistence of extended-spectrum beta- lactamase (ESBL)-making the strains of E. coli, indicating the growing concern of ESBL-mediated resistance in the region.Antimicrobial gene profile revealed tetA present in 53.22% of isolates whereas tetBis present in 32.24% isolates Similarly Sul1 and Sul2 is present in 8.1% and 16.52% respectively.None of the isolates showed the presence of Dfrlaand AadA genes. This research provides valuable awareness of the molecular epidemiology of beta-lactamase gene variants in E. coli in the northern Indian part, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the genetic diversity and mechanisms of resistance is crucial for the development of effective antibiotic stewardship programs and the design of novel therapeutic approaches to combat AMR in this region.
Changes in Chemical Composition of Raw Mango Wine
Authors: A. Ankita Solanke, , Pawar C. D. , Salvi B. R. , Salvi V. G. , Borkar P. G.
Published: June 2024

An investigation on “Standardization of wine making technology from mature green and ripe Alphonso mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits” was conducted during the year 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. In case of effect of TSS and dilution levels on chemical composition of raw Alphonso mango wine it was observed that TSS, reducing sugars, total sugars, ascorbic acid, tannins, protein and vitamin A content decreased during storage of wine and titratable acidity and alcohol content was increased at three months and then decreased at six months. pH of wine increased with increase in TSS and dilution levels except in dilution level of raw Alphonso mango. Vitamin A content decreased with increase in dilution level but showed no specific trend with TSS levels. Alcohol content increased with increase in TSS levels. In case of interactions highest titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and alcohol content was recorded by interactions T2D1, T1D1 and T4D1 and lowest TSS, tannin content was recorded by T1D5 and T4D5 respectively. In raw Alphonso mango wine lowest reducing sugars, total sugars, pH and highest protein and vitamin A content was recorded by T1D5 and T1D1, T1D5 and T1D1, T3D5 and T2D1, T1D1 and T3D1, T3D1 and T1D5, respectively.
Changes in Chemical Composition of Ripe Mango Wine
Authors: A. Ankita Solanke,
Published: June 2024

An investigation on “Standardization of wine making technology from mature green and ripe Alphonso mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits” was conducted during the year 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. In case of effect of TSS and dilution levels on chemical composition of raw Alphonso mango wine it was observed that TSS, reducing sugars, total sugars, ascorbic acid, tannins, protein and vitamin A content decreased during storage of wine and titratable acidity and alcohol content was increased at three months and then decreased at six months. pH of wine increased with increase in TSS and dilution levels except in dilution level of raw Alphonso mango. Vitamin A content decreased with increase in dilution level but showed no specific trend with TSS levels. Alcohol increased with increase in TSS levels. Lowest TSS, tannin was recorded by T1D5 and T4D5 respectively.