bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative echocardiography predictive analytics for postinduction hypotension prediction
Authors: Yoshimura Manabu , Shiramoto Hiroko , Koga Mami , Morimoto Yasuhiro
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Hypotension is a risk factor for adverse perioperative outcomes. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography has been extended for preoperative risk assessment before noncardiac surgery. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict postinduction hypotension risk using preoperative echocardiographic data and compared it with conventional statistic models. We also aimed to identify preoperative echocardiographic factors that cause postinduction hypotension.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, we extracted data from electronic health records of patients aged >18 years who underwent general anesthesia at a single tertiary care center between April 2014 and September 2019. Multiple supervised machine learning classification techniques were used, with postinduction hypotension (mean arterial pressure <55 mmHg from intubation to the start of the procedure) as the primary outcome and 95 transthoracic echocardiography measurements as factors influencing the primary outcome. Based on the mean cross-validation performance, we used 10-fold cross-validation with the training set (70%) to select the optimal hyperparameters and architecture, assessed ten times using a separate test set (30%).

Results

Of 1,956 patients, 670 (34%) had postinduction hypotension. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using the deep neural network was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67–0.76), gradient boosting machine was 0.54 (95% CI = 0.51–0.59), linear discriminant analysis was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.51–0.61), and logistic regression was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.51–0.61). Variables of high importance included the ascending aorta diameter, transmitral flow A wave, heart rate, pulmonary venous flow S wave, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient, inferior vena cava expiratory diameter, fractional shortening, left ventricular mass index, and end-systolic volume.

Conclusion

We have created developing models that can predict postinduction hypotension using preoperative echocardiographic data, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of using machine learning models of preoperative echocardiographic data for produce higher accuracy than the conventional model.
Acute heat stress-indued apoptosis in mouse skeletal muscle is not associated with alteration of glutamine homeostasis
Authors: Chen Yifan , Yu Tianzheng , Deuster Patricia A.
Published: November 2022

We previously demonstrated that exposing mice to heat causes functional and ultrastructural mitochondrial alterations and apoptosis in skeletal muscle. Emerging evidence indicates that glutamine (Gln) deprivation may increase cell susceptibility to apoptosis whereas Gln supplementation may protect cells against heat stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of short-term Gln treatment on heat-induced changes in mouse skeletal muscle. Male mice received vehicle, low-dose Gln (100 mg/kg/d) or high-dose Gln (300 mg/kg/d) through daily gavage for 10 days before a heat exposure test. During heat exposure, mice displayed a hyperthermic response and no significant differences in peak core body temperature were noted across the three groups. Neither heat exposure nor pretreatment with low-dose or high-dose Gln significantly affected Gln concentrations in plasma and gastrocnemius muscles. Heat-exposed mice had significantly higher caspase 3/7 levels in gastrocnemius muscle compared to unexposed controls. Heat exposure significantly increased ROS production and mitochondrial fragmentation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in flexor digitorum brevis muscle. These changes were not affected by low- or high-dose Gln pretreatment. Together, acute heat stress did not disrupt Gln homeostasis in mouse skeletal muscle and Gln supplementation did not protect mouse skeletal muscle against heat-induced injury. The results of this study do not support a role of Gln in heat-induced skeletal muscle apoptosis.
Increasing tidal inundation corresponds to rising porewater nutrient concentrations in a southeastern U.S. salt marsh
Authors: Krask Julie L. , Buck Tracy L. , Dunn Robert P. , Smith Erik M.
Published: November 2022

Salt marshes are ecologically and economically important features of coastal environments that are vulnerable to sea level rise, the rate of which has accelerated in recent decades along the southeastern US Atlantic coast. Increased flooding frequency and duration across the marsh platform is predicted to impact vegetation community structure and overall marsh persistence, but the effect of changing inundation patterns on biogeochemical processes in marsh sediments remains largely unexplored. As part of a long-term monitoring effort to assess how marshes are responding to sea level rise in North Inlet estuary (South Carolina, USA), we collected data on porewater nutrient concentrations from a series of permanent monitoring plots across multiple transects spanning the marsh elevation gradient during the growing season from 2009 to 2019. Additionally, we calculated time inundated for each plot using local water level data and high-resolution elevation measurements to assess the change in time flooded at each plot. Our results indicate that both NH4and PO4nutrient concentrations have increased in most permanent plots over the 11-year study period and that nutrient concentrations are higher with increasing proximity to the creek. Spatial patterns in nutrient increases through time are coincident with considerable increases in tidal inundation observed over the marsh platform. Across plots located in the low marsh, porewater NH4and PO4concentrations have risen at average rates of 8.96 μM/year and 0.86 μM/year, respectively, and have reached rates as high as 27.25 μM/year and 3.13 μM/year. We suggest that increased inundation time due to rising sea level has altered biogeochemical conditions influencing nutrient availability in marsh porewater, resulting in increases that likely have relevance for larger scale nutrient cycles as well as marsh ecosystem stability and function.
Can a linking crosswalk table be applied to a different population? An independent validation study for a crosswalk between BSI depression and PROMIS depression scales
Authors: Tang Xiaodan , Schalet Benjamin D. , Janulis Patrick , Kipke Michele D. , Kaat Aaron , Mustanski Brian , Newcomb Michael E. , Ragsdale Amy , Kim Soyeon , Siminski Sue , Gorbach Pamina M.
Published: November 2022

A linking procedure establishes a “bridge” between the scores from different patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments that measure similar constructs. After developing a linking relationship however, it is critical to evaluate whether this relationship can be generalized to different groups. Our study aims to validate a published crosswalk for score conversion between the Brief Symptom Inventory Depression subscale and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression 8a using an independent sample. Data were from a sample of young men who have sex with men (MSM), which differs in terms of participant age, race, and ethnicity from the sample used to develop the existing crosswalk. The validity of the newly derived crosswalk was evaluated in terms of the correlation, mean difference and standard deviation between the observed and the linked scores. The two crosswalks were further compared to evaluate if the difference was within an acceptable range. More than half of the item parameters obtained from the two samples were found to overlap in their confidence intervals. Differences between each pair of scores in the two crosswalks was within three T-score points, well within the range of each crosswalk score’s standard error. This study concludes that an existing crosswalk is replicable on a sample that differs from that used for crosswalk development, but future research should continue to examine the generalizability of the linked parameters and evaluate the reproducibility of this crosswalk to other populations.
Effect of six different autorefractor designs on the precision and accuracy of refractive error measurement
Authors: Venkataraman Abinaya Priya , Brautaset Rune , Domínguez-Vicent Alberto
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the precision of objective refraction measurements with six different autorefractors that have different designs and measurement principles and to compare the objective refraction values with the subjective refraction.

Method

Objective refraction of 55 participants was measured using six autorefractors with different designs. The instrument features mainly varied in terms of measurement principles, inbuilt fogging, open or closed view, and handheld or stationary designs. Two repeated measurements of objective refraction were performed with each autorefractor. The objective refractions from the six autorefractors were compared with the standard subjective refraction. The repeatability limit and Bland-Altman were used to describe the precision and accuracy of each autorefractor, respectively. The analysis was done using the spherical component of the refraction and the power-vector components, spherical equivalent (M), and cylindrical vectors.

Results

The repeatability of all autorefractors was within 1.00 and 0.35D for measuring the M and both cylindrical components, respectively. Inbuilt fogging was the common feature of the instruments that showed better repeatability. Compared to subjective refraction, the mean difference for sphere and M was below +0.50D, and it was close to zero for the cylindrical components. The instruments that had inbuilt fogging showed narrower limit of agreement. When combined with fogging, the open field refractors showed better precision and accuracy.

Conclusions

The inbuilt fogging is the most important feature followed by the open view in determining the precision and accuracy of the autorefractor values.
The DEAD-box RNA helicase Dhx15 controls glycolysis and arbovirus replication in Aedes aegypti mosquito cells
Authors: Rosendo Machado Samara , Qu Jieqiong , Koopman Werner J. H. , Miesen Pascal
Published: November 2022

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses including dengue and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) but in contrast to human hosts, arbovirus-infected mosquitoes are able to efficiently control virus replication to sub-pathological levels. Yet, our knowledge of the molecular interactions of arboviruses with their mosquito hosts is incomplete. Here, we aimed to identify and characterize novel host genes that control arbovirus replication in Aedes mosquitoes. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are well-known to regulate immune signaling pathways in all kingdoms of life. We therefore performed a knockdown screen targeting 461 genes encoding predicted RBPs in Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells and identified 15 genes with antiviral activity against Sindbis virus. Amongst these, the three DEAD-box RNA helicases AAEL004419/Dhx15, AAEL008728, and AAEL004859 also acted as antiviral factors in dengue and CHIKV infections. Here, we explored the mechanism of Dhx15 in regulating an antiviral transcriptional response in mosquitoes by silencing Dhx15 in Aag2 cells followed by deep-sequencing of poly-A enriched RNAs. Dhx15 knockdown in uninfected and CHIKV-infected cells resulted in differential expression of 856 and 372 genes, respectively. Interestingly, amongst the consistently downregulated genes, glycolytic process was the most enriched gene ontology (GO) term as the expression of all core enzymes of the glycolytic pathway was reduced, suggesting that Dhx15 regulates glycolytic function. A decrease in lactate production indicated that Dhx15 silencing indeed functionally impaired glycolysis. Modified rates of glycolytic metabolism have been implicated in controlling the replication of several classes of viruses and strikingly, infection of Aag2 cells with CHIKV by itself also resulted in the decrease of several glycolytic genes. Our data suggests that Dhx15 regulates replication of CHIKV, and possibly other arboviruses, by controlling glycolysis in mosquito cells.
High-density binding to Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein repeats by inhibitory antibody elicited in mouse with human immunoglobulin repertoire
Authors: Kucharska Iga , Binter Špela , Murugan Rajagopal , Scally Stephen W. , Ludwig Julia , Prieto Katherine , Thai Elaine , Costa Giulia , Li Kan , Horn Gillian Q. , Flores-Garcia Yevel , Bosch Alexandre , Sicard Taylor , Rubinstein John L. , Zavala Fidel , Dennison S. Moses , Tomaras Georgia D. , Levashina Elena A. , Kellam Paul , Wardemann Hedda , Julien Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2022

Antibodies targeting the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) can prevent infection and disease. PfCSP contains multiple central repeating NANP motifs; some of the most potent anti-infective antibodies against malaria bind to these repeats. Multiple antibodies can bind the repeating epitopes concurrently by engaging into homotypic Fab-Fab interactions, which results in the ordering of the otherwise largely disordered central repeat into a spiral. Here, we characterize IGHV3-33/IGKV1-5-encoded monoclonal antibody (mAb) 850 elicited by immunization of transgenic mice with human immunoglobulin loci. mAb 850 binds repeating NANP motifs with picomolar affinity, potently inhibits Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) in vitro and, when passively administered in a mouse challenge model, reduces liver burden to a similar extent as some of the most potent anti-PfCSP mAbs yet described. Like other IGHV3-33/IGKV1-5-encoded anti-NANP antibodies, mAb 850 primarily utilizes its HCDR3 and germline-encoded aromatic residues to recognize its core NANP motif. Biophysical and cryo-electron microscopy analyses reveal that up to 19 copies of Fab 850 can bind the PfCSP repeat simultaneously, and extensive homotypic interactions are observed between densely-packed PfCSP-bound Fabs to indirectly improve affinity to the antigen. Together, our study expands on the molecular understanding of repeat-induced homotypic interactions in the B cell response against PfCSP for potently protective mAbs against Pf infection.
Uso de suplementos nutricionales y productos a base de extractos de plantas en población española: un estudio transversal.
Authors: Baladia Eduard , Moñino Manuel , Martínez-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Miserachs Martina , Russolillo Giuseppe , Picazo Óscar , Fernández Teresa , Morte Víctor
Published: November 2022

Introducción: el mercado de suplementos registra grandes ventas, pero los datos de prevalencia y razones de uso en España son escasos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron evaluar la prevalencia de uso de suplementos, así como identificar por qué, para qué, modo de uso, quién los prescribe y dónde se adquieren.
Metodología: estudio transversal mediante cuestionario ad-hoc autoadministrado online a 2.630 participantes (50% mujeres) de características sociodemográficas asimiladas a la población española. Encuesta de 24 ítems para evaluar prácticas y actitudes de la población sobre los suplementos, 9 ítems sociodemográficos y 6 ítems sobre hábitos de vida. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, frecuencia de uso de suplementos, razones de uso y prescripción en función de las variables sociodemográficas. Se utilizó el IBM SPSS Statistics 25 para el análisis estadístico, situando el valor p de significación estadística en <0.05
Resultados: El 75,1% de la población estudiada (n=1.976) afirmó tomar durante el último año algún tipo de suplemento (63,4% complementos alimenticios; 30,2% productos para usos médicos especiales; 28,6% extractos de plantas; 19,9% productos para deportistas; y 13,8% productos para adelgazar). El 70% de los encuestados declaró consumir complementos alimenticios o productos a base de plantas para mejorar su estado de salud, mientras que el 50% de los que consumía suplementos para deportistas lo hacían para mejorar su rendimiento deportivo. El 77% de los que consumieron productos para adelgazar, lo harían para complementar la dieta. Los prescriptores y puntos de adquisición dependieron del tipo de producto. Los suplementos se percibieron en general como seguros, pero su eficacia fue percibida como leve y transitoria.
Conclusiones: la prevalencia de uso de suplementos es alta.  Mejorar la salud, adelgazar y mejorar el rendimiento deportivo, son los principales motivadores de su consumo. Un alto porcentaje de suplementos serían auto prescritos.
Fenomén raně novověké akademické peregrinace jako specifické téma středoevropské historiografie
Authors: Píš Ondřej
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to present the phenomenon of academic peregrination as a specific topic of Czech and foreign historiography, one that has been addressed since the second half of the 19th century. Czech historiography dealing with travelling for education from the Czech Lands in the 16th and 17th century is presented in chronologically ordered subchapters. The second part of the study deals with related phenomena (Grand Tours) and denominationally defined mobility (peregrinations of the Brethren and Jesuit schools). The final part of the study offers a brief look at investigations of this subject also in other countries of Central Europe (Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland) and compares their approaches and results with Czech historiography.
Exploring open consonantal environments for at-home testing of vowel perception in advanced L2 speakers
Authors: Jones Johnathan
Published: November 2022

Recent work has called for increased investigation into methods used to explore second language (L2) speech perception (Flege 2021). The present study attends to this call, examining a common practice for developing listening prompts in the context of at-home administrations. Vowel perception studies have historically used fixed consonantal frames to determine how well participants can discriminate between target L2 vowels, and the present study compares the effects of employing a fixed consonant-vowel-consonant frame (h-vowel-d) with open (phonologically diverse) consonantal environments using real and nonce words. Thirty-eight Mandarin (n = 31) and English (n = 8) first language speakers participated in a listening experiment and a post-experiment question. Data were framed within Best and Tyler’s (2007) Perceptual Assimilation Model-L2. Internal consistency and proportion correct were calculated and a generalised linear mixed model design was used to investigate how well performance with h-vowel-d prompts predicts performance with the more diverse prompt types. Results suggest an inflation of scores for the fixed frame prompt and support the use of diverse words for listening prompt designs. Findings have implications for vowel perception researchers as well as computer (and mobile) assisted language learning developers wishing to inform their designs with relevant empirical evidence.
Analysing the elements of a scene – An integrative approach to metaphor identification in a naturalistic setting
Authors: Larsson Andreas , Stolpe Karin , Falck Marlene Johansson
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses the challenges of exploring metaphor use in a naturalistic environment. We employed an integrative approach to the analysis of metaphor in video-recorded classroom observations of a teacher lecturing on computer programming. The approach involved applying the Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS) and the Metaphor Identification Guidelines for Gesture (MIG-G) both individually and jointly. Our analysis of the data shows that the teacher primarily uses metaphors that evoke experiences of manipulating physical objects while using his hands to add spatiality to these ‘objects’. Furthermore, it indicates that specific gestures may serve as ’anchoring-points’ for larger scenes, enabling the speaker to form a scene in which to place smaller concepts. Throughout the analysis, our integrative approach to metaphor analysis provided opportunities to both support and refute results from each of the procedures employed. Moreover, the PIMS procedure has both served as an efficient tool for identifying central concepts of a scene and a way to validate the results of the gesture analysis. We suggest that this integrative approach to metaphor may be used to provide clues about the embodied motivation of a metaphor at an individual level.
Hybrid optimization for optimal positioning and sizing of distributed generators in unbalanced distribution networks
Authors: Mhetre Santosh Laxman , Korachagaon Iranna
Published: November 2022

The goal of this work is to reduce power loss and improve voltage profile by formulating the optimal DG placement problem as a restricted nonlinear optimisation problem. As a novelty, the proposed hybrid algorithm, referred to as Multifactor Update-based Hybrid Model (MUHM) is constructed by merging the concepts of Lion Algorithm (LA) & Sea Lion Algorithm (Sea Lion Optimization Algorithm (SLnO). The Forward-Backward Sweep (FBSM) Model is used to calculate the power loss. Three test cases are examined for the voltage profile & loss minimization in the feeder team with DGs: “case 1(DG supplying real power alone (P), case 2 (DG supplying reactive power alone (Q) and Case 3 (DG supplying both real and reactive power)”. Application of the suggested method to various IEEE test systems, including IEEE 33, IEEE 123, and IEEE 69, respectively, is used to assess its efficacy. According, the results show that the presented work at loading percentage = 0 is 12, 15, 135, 4.65, and 8 superior to SFF, BBO, BAT, LA and SLnO, respectively.
Reducing uncertainty in genetic testing with Saturation Genome Editing
Authors: Dace Phoebe , Findlay Gregory M.
Published: November 2022

Accurate interpretation of human genetic data is critical for optimizing outcomes in the era of genomic medicine. Powerful methods for testing genetic variants for functional effects are allowing researchers to characterize thousands of variants across disease genes. Here, we review experimental tools enabling highly scalable assays of variants, focusing specifically on Saturation Genome Editing (SGE). We discuss examples of how this technique is being implemented for variant testing at scale and describe how SGE data for BRCA1 have been clinically validated and used to aid variant interpretation. The initial success at predicting variant pathogenicity with SGE has spurred efforts to expand this and related techniques to many more genes.
Systematic assays and resources for the functional annotation of non-coding variants
Authors: Kircher Martin , Ludwig Kerstin U.
Published: November 2022

Identification of genetic variation in individual genomes is now a routine procedure in human genetic research and diagnostics. For many variants, however, insufficient evidence is available to establish a pathogenic effect, particularly for variants in non-coding regions. Furthermore, the sheer number of candidate variants renders testing in individual assays virtually impossible. While scalable approaches are being developed, the selection of methods and resources and the application of a given framework to a particular disease or trait remain major challenges. This limits the translation of results from both genome-wide association studies and genome sequencing. Here, we discuss computational and experimental approaches available for functional annotation of non-coding variation.
Manufacturing and FSW of hybrid functionally graded metal matrix composite
Authors: Avcı Uğur , Temiz Şemsettin
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on the manufacturing of hybrid functionally graded metal matrix composite (HFGMMC) using Al7039 alloy matrix phase which is used as armor material in today’s world. In this context, manufacturing stages of matrix material were analyzed, and necessary parameters were determined for remanufacturing using casting method. With the determined parameters, the matrix material was reinforced by SiC, Al2O3, and B4C particles in different volume rates at an average size of 3–10 µm using stir casting method. Three metal matrix composite (MMC) plates which were manufactured using different reinforcement particles in different volume rates were joined as semi-solid with the effect of temperature and pressure in a specially designed mold. In order to complete the manufacturing process, hot forging, and heat treatment were applied to the manufactured composite plate in accordance with the parameters determined in the manufacturing of the matrix. The manufactured MMC and HFGMMC plates were compared in terms of their micro structure, micro hardness, tensile strength, and wear behavior. Finally, HFGMMC plates were joined together by friction stir welding (FSW) in order to analyze their micro structures and mechanical properties after welding.
Microstructure, tensile properties and fracture toughness of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy joints
Authors: Parasuraman Prabhuraj , Sonar Tushar , Rajakumar Selvaraj
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this investigation is to study the microstructure, tensile properties and fracture toughness of friction stir welded (FSW) butt joints of 10 mm thick AA7075-T651 plates. The microstructural features of stir zone (SZ), thermos-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) were analyzed using optical microscopy technique. The tensile properties were evaluated using smooth and notch tensile specimens and compared to base metal properties. The microhardness survey was done across the weld cross section and correlated to the failure of tensile specimens. Compact tension (CT) specimens were used to evaluate the fracture toughness of welded joints. The fractured tensile and CT specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the FSW AA7075-T651 specimens welded using axial load of 12 kN, tool rotation speed of 750 rpm and welding speed of 30 mm/min exhibited 412 MPa tensile strength and 9% elongation. It showed 88 and 89% of base metal strength elongation. The joints showed fracture toughness of 23 MPa m1/2 which is 80% of base metal fracture toughness. The superior tensile and fracture toughness properties of joints are mainly attributed to the evolution of finer grains in SZ due to the stirring action of FSW tool.
Russland-Politik in der Ära Merkel
Authors: Heinemann-Grüder Andreas
Published: November 2022

Kurzfassung

Die vier Kanzlerschaften von Angela Merkel (2005–2021) stehen in der Tradition deutscher Russlandpolitik. Die Politik der Partnerschaft hatte während der ergebnisoffenen Transformation Russlands in den 1990er Jahren ihre Berechtigung. Sie verlor aber mit dem Regime, das Putin repräsentierte, ihre Grundlage. Ein Wandel der deutschen Politik blieb allerdings aus, weil die beteiligten Politiker ihr Selbstbild und die Wirtschaftsakteure ihre ökonomischen Vorteile nicht preisgeben wollten. Obschon es frühzeitig Warnungen vor der autoritären Regression in Russland gab, kooperierte die deutsche Politik mit einem zutiefst korrupten und autoritären Regime und ermöglichte ihm den Zugriff auf kritische Infrastrukturen in Deutschland. Der Krieg gegen die Ukraine hat diese Illusionen deutscher Politik zerstört.
Collaborative Movement: What Queering Dance Makes Possible
Authors: Carter Claire
Published: November 2022

Collaborative Movement focuses on an ongoing research collaboration centred on supporting trans/genderqueer/non-binary/queer community dance/movement programming and mentorship in Regina, Treaty 4 territory. Incorporating queer feminist community research methods, this article demonstrates that collaborations between community organizations and academia can be productive in their grounding of ideas (about gender and bodies) in everyday complexities and specificities of place in ways that hold potential for new forms of interaction, new ways of relating to each other, and new possibilities for action.
Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the NICU for Diagnostic and Procedural Purposes
Authors: Stewart Dan L. , Elsayed Yasser , Fraga María V. , Coley Brian D. , Annam Aparna , Milla Sarah Sarvis ,   THE COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN AND SECTION ON RADIOLOGY, Eichenwald Eric , Guillory Charleta , Hand Ivan , Hudak Mark , Kaufman David , Martin Camilia , Lucke Ashley , Parker Margaret , Pramanik Arun , Wade Kelly , Jancelewicz Timothy , Narvey Michael , Miller Russell , Barfield RADM Wanda , Grisham Lisa , Couto Jim ,   Section on Radiology Executive Committee, 2021–2022, Otero Hansel J. , Acharya Patricia Trinidad , Alazraki Adina Lynn , Benya Ellen , Brown Brandon P. , Daugherty Reza James , Richer Edward , Laskosz Laura
Published: November 2022

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) refers to the use of portable imaging performed by the provider clinician at the bedside for diagnostic, therapeutic, and procedural purposes. POCUS could be considered an extension of the physical examination but not a substitute for diagnostic imaging. Use of POCUS in emergency situations can be lifesaving in the NICU if performed in a timely fashion for cardiac tamponade, pleural effusions, pneumothorax, etc, with potential for enhancing quality of care and improving outcomes.

In the past 2 decades, POCUS has gained significant acceptance in clinical medicine in many parts of the world and in many subspecialties. Formal accredited training and certification programs are available for neonatology trainees as well as for many other subspecialties in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Although no formal training program or certification is available to neonatologists in Europe, POCUS is widely available to providers in NICUs. A formal institutional POCUS fellowship is now available in Canada. In the United States, many clinicians have the skills to perform POCUS and have incorporated it in their daily clinical practice. However, appropriate equipment remains limited, and many barriers exist to POCUS program implementation.

Recently, the first international evidence-based POCUS guidelines for use in neonatology and pediatric critical care were published. Considering the potential benefits, a recent national survey of neonatologists confirmed that the majority of clinicians were inclined to adopt POCUS in their clinical practice if the barriers could be resolved.

This technical report describes many potential POCUS applications in the NICU for diagnostic and procedural purposes.
Enterococci in the dairy and sausage industry: Is sanitation sufficient to remove biofilm?
Authors: Furlaneto-Maia L. , Mücke N. , Furlaneto M.C.
Published: November 2022

Enterococcus spp. were isolated from sausage and yogurt line production. The genomic assay was performed by PCR, and distinct enterococci (n = 28) were identified. Testing revealed that 10.7% of the isolates had a resistant phenotype, 7.1% were resistant to erythromycin (Enterococcus faecium) and 3.5% were resistant to tetracycline (Enterococcus gallinarum). Enterococci cells and biofilm formation in 24 well polystyrene plates and the effect of sanitisation procedures in these biofilms were determined. The sanitisers were chlorinated alkaline H (CAH), chlorinated alkaline A (CAA), quaternary ammonium D (QAD), quaternary ammonium M (QAM), chlorine dioxide (CD), sodium hypochlorite (SH), and peracetic acid (PA). A total of 7 isolates (25%) moderately and the others poorly formed biofilms. The best reduction results were 61 and 55% of the cells with the CAH sanitiser in BHI and water, respectively. The PAA, SH, and CD sanitisers showed low efficiency on Enterococcus planctonics, and the other had an effect on cell growth. The sanitisers CAH, QAD, QAM, PAA, and SH showed efficiency in reducing the cell viability of Enterococcus in biofilms, and values obtained from CAA and CD suggested low biofilm removal capacity. Enterococcus spp. form biofilms and have become a problem in the food industry.
A review of Gum Metal: Developments over the years and new perspectives
Authors: da Silva Murillo Romero , Plaine Athos Henrique , Pinotti Vitor Eduardo , Mazzer Eric Marchezini , Bolfarini Claudemiro
Published: November 2022

Gum Metals are β-Ti alloys that present only non-toxic elements in their composition, low elastic modulus, good formability, and excellent biocompatibility. The composition of these alloys needs to fulfill some electronic criteria to present their typical properties. In addition, during their processing, Gum Metal must be significantly deformed, which can be obtained by cold rolling or swaging. Over the last years, several new processing routes and alloy compositions have been proposed to meet these requirements, expanding the range of properties for Gum Metal, and increasing their extent of application. Although being relatively new, Gum Metal has been extensively studied. However, there is a lack of a review that encompasses the findings obtained over the years, as well as its future perspectives. This review aims to critically discuss and analyze Gum Metal development, with a special focus on new compositions, processing routes, and applications. Moreover, future perspectives are explored as well.

Graphical abstract
Political Stability of the Latin American Region in the Context of the Politicization of Religious Institution
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Efanova Elena , Drinova Elena ,   Volgograd State University, Veremeev Nikolay ,   Belarus State Economic University
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The research topicality is determined by the necessity of interior political proving of regions stable development in the conditions of religion institute politicization in 20th – 21st centuries. The purpose of the work is to analyze the influence of the confessional factor on the domestic political process in the Latin American region in the context of global trends of our time. Methods. The work uses methods of theoretical and applied political science analysis, methods of forecasting and modeling. The methodological basis of the work was the principles of systemic and constructivist approaches. Analysis. In the result of political science analysis of stable social and political issues development questions the explicative model of religion institute politicization processes influence to the sustainability of the Latin American region was offered. The theoretical importance of the research is in the reasons and tendencies revealing of religion institute politicization in the Latin American region. The practical importance of research is determined by the possibility of recommendation output of interior political support of the Latin American region in the conditions of social and cultural uncertainty. Authors’ contribution. E.V. Efanova – the concept of the study, collection and processing of materials; E.M. Drinova – research methodology, writing of the main text; N.Yu. Veremeev – analysis and translation of foreign sources.
Two Tendencies of Understanding the “Three Worlds” in the Early Eurasian Discourse: V.I. Lamansky and I. Gasprinsky (Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century)
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Seliverstov Sergey
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The study is carried out in the genre of intellectual history and focuses on the contrasting views of the leading representatives of Slavic and Turkic social thought in Russia. Purpose: starting from Vladimir Lamansky’s ideas, to reconstruct and interpret Ismail Gasprinsky’s concept of “three worlds”. This is the first time such a task has been posed. Methods and materials. Methods are applied: intellectual reconstruction and historical-comparative. Main sources: “Three worlds of the Asian-European continent” by Lamansky and works of the Gasprinsky period of the 1880s – 1900s. (“Russian-Eastern agreement”, “China and Russia”, “Great Eastern question”, etc.). Analysis. The peculiarities of Lamansky’s interpretation of the “three worlds” (“European”, “Asian”, “Middle”), where the “Greco-Slavic world” constituted the basis of the “middle world”, were revealed. Reconstruction and comparison showed that Gasprinsky had his own understanding of the “three worlds”: “Western”, “Central”, “Eastern”. He proceeded from a combination of interests of the Turks and the Slavs and interpreted the “central” world as “Russian-Muslim”. Both thinkers recognized the consolidating role of Russia. However, Gasprinsky saw the prospects for Islam and was convinced of the need for cooperation with the Muslim world. Results. Two tendencies in the interpretation of the “three worlds” complemented each other, argued the Slavic-Turkic space of the Old World. Gasprinsky’s innovation was the concept of the “Russian-Muslim world”. He took into account the Muslim factor, so his version is more realistic. As a result, the concepts of both thinkers (taking into account the priorities) had the character of a pro-Eurasian counterpoint and became central in early Eurasian discourse.
The Formation of the Culture of Clerical Work in Russia of the 14th – Beginning of the 16th Century
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Science, Bashnin Nikita
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Writing, as a special sign system, provides a link between the past and the present is one of the main ways of transmitting cultural tradition. This article deals with a special form of clerical work in Medieval Russia – scrolls and columns. Materials. A column with a border is a narrow strip of paper, about 16– 17 cm wide and up to 45 cm long, or 14–15 cm wide and up to 35 cm long. They were glued together along a narrow edge with each other, resulting in documents up to several tens of meters long – columns. Such documents were kept twisted, in scrolls. Analysis. In the second half of the 15th century, the Grand ducal chancery became the center of administrative power. There were a transformation and development of clerical work in it. The conducted research suggests that the appearance of the column form of clerical work was due to political, socio-economic and cultural reasons. The appearance of the columns dates back to the second half of the 15th century. The disappearance of the column form of clerical work occurred in 1700–1702. Peter I initiated a revolution in clerical work by ordering to switch to conducting business in a notebook form. The innovation did not spread immediately; the old traditions of document processing were preserved in the monasteries for several years. Results. The appearance of the columnar form of clerical work coincided with the emergence of a single centralized state under Ivan III, the increasing importance of the clerical apparatus. The disappearance was due to the reforms of Peter I, the formation of the Russian Empire and the replacement of orders by colleges. It is obvious that the emergence and disappearance of such a specific form of office work are associated with large-scale national changes.
Preoperative risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage after colectomy for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: DIAS VINÍCIUS EVANGELISTA , CASTRO PEDRO ALVES SOARES VAZ DE , PADILHA HOMERO TERRA , PILLAR LARA VICENTE , GODINHO LAURA BOTELHO RAMOS , TINOCO AUGUSTO CLAUDIO DE ALMEIDA , AMIL RODRIGO DA COSTA , SOARES ALEIDA NAZARETH , CRUZ GERALDO MAGELA GOMES DA , BEZERRA JULIANA MARIA TRINDADE , SILVA THAIS ALMEIDA MARQUES DA
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: anastomotic leak (AL) after colectomy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is a life-threatening complication. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the preoperative risk factors for AL in patients submitted to colectomy. Methods: the bibliographic search covered 15 years and 9 months, from 1st January 2005 to 19th October 2020 and was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Europe PMC and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies on preoperative risk factors for AL (outcome). The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for bias assessment within studies. Meta-analysis involved the calculation of treatment effects for each individual study including odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with construction of a random-effects model to evaluate the impact of each variable on the outcome. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: cross-sectional studies were represented by 39 articles, cohort studies by 21 articles and case-control by 4 articles. Meta-analysis identified 14 main risk factors for AL in CRC patients after colectomy, namely male sex (RR=1.56; 95% CI=1.40-1.75), smoking (RR=1.48; 95% CI=1.30-1.69), alcohol consumption (RR=1.35; 95% CI=1.21-1.52), diabetes mellitus (RR=1.97; 95% CI=1.44-2.70), lung diseases (RR=2.14; 95% CI=1.21-3.78), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR=1.10; 95% IC=1.04-1.16), coronary artery disease (RR=1.61; 95% CI=1.07-2.41), chronic kidney disease (RR=1.34; 95% CI=1.22-1.47), high ASA grades (RR=1.70; 95% CI=1.37-2.09), previous abdominal surgery (RR=1.30; 95% CI=1.04-1.64), CRC-related emergency surgery (RR=1.61; 95% CI=1.26-2.07), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RR=2.16; 95% CI=1.17-4.02), radiotherapy (RR=2.36; 95% CI=1.33-4.19) and chemoradiotherapy (RR=1.58; 95% CI=1.06-2.35). Conclusions: important preoperative risk factors for colorectal AL in CRC patients have been identified based on best evidence-based research, and such knowledge should influence decisions regarding treatment.
Time trends of physical activity for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population: results from Vigitel, 2010-2019
Authors: Bastone Alessandra de Carvalho , Moreira Bruno de Souza , Vasconcelos Karina Simone de Souza , Magalhães Amanda Silva , Coelho Débora Moraes , Silva Juliana Ilídio da , Bezerra Vanessa Moraes , Lopes Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos , Friche Amélia Augusta de Lima , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza
Published: November 2022

This time-series study examined a 10-year historical series of the physical activity prevalence for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population. Information from 512,969 adults interviewed from the Vigitel between 2010 and 2019 was analyzed. Individuals who reported practicing at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity or at least 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity were considered active during leisure time. Individuals who reported walking or cycling to/from work, course, or school at least 30 minutes/day, equivalent to at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity, were considered active during transportation. The prevalence of physical activity for leisure and transportation was calculated annually and stratified by sex, age group, schooling, and race/skin color. The segmented regression model was applied to analyze the time series. Annual percent change and average annual percent change were calculated. Over time, the prevalence of physical activity for leisure increased, and the prevalence of physical activity for transportation decreased. The highest prevalence of physical activity for leisure was observed among males, young individuals, and those with high education. Older adults, those with high education, and white people presented the lowest prevalence of active transport. Policymakers should propose strategies that encourage and facilitate physical activity for leisure in women, individuals aged ≥ 35 years, and those with less education (< 12 years), and physical activity for transportation among older adults (≥ 60 years), those with high education (≥ 12 years), and white people.
Vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano em escolares brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2019
Authors: Silva Isabella de Alcântara Gomes , Sá Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de , Prates Elton Junio Sady , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido , Silva Tércia Moreira Ribeiro da
Published: November 2022

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de escolares vacinados contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) e os motivos relacionados à não vacinação. Método: estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2019. A amostra foi composta por 160.721 estudantes de 13 a 17 anos. Foram estimadas as prevalências e intervalos de confiança (IC95%) de adolescentes vacinados segundo localização, sexo e dependência administrativa da escola. Avaliaram-se as diferenças entre os estratos pelo teste Qui-quadrado. Estimaram-se as razões de prevalência ajustadas (RPa) e os IC95% pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: a maioria dos escolares foram vacinados (62,9%), sendo a prevalência de meninas (76,1%) superior à de meninos (49,1%). O motivo mais prevalente foi “não sabia que tinha que tomar” (46,8%), sendo as RPa mais elevadas em escolares de escolas públicas do Brasil (1,6; IC95% 1,5;1,7), da região Nordeste (1,2; IC95% 1,1;1,2) e em estudantes de escolas privadas das regiões Nordeste (1,1; IC95% 1,1;1,2) e Norte (1,3; IC95% 1,2;1,4). Conclusão: um a cada dois escolares brasileiros foi vacinado contra o HPV. A desinformação foi um motivo frequente para a não vacinação. As regiões Norte e Nordeste apresentaram as maiores prevalências de não vacinados, observadas principalmente em adolescentes de escolas públicas.
Prevalence of prediabetes in adults and its association with sociodemographic, nutritional, metabolic and mental disorders factors: Home Health Survey, Piauí, Brazil.
Authors: LIMA Carlos Henrique Ribeiro , DA PAZ Suzana Maria Rebêlo Sampaio , LAVÔR Layanne Cristina de Carvalho , FROTA Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves , PAIVA Adriana de Azevedo
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate prevalence of prediabetes and to investigate its associated factors in adults living in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil Methods Cross-sectional, home-based study, with both genders adults in Teresina, Piauí. The prevalence of prediabetes was estimated using the fasting glucose test, and was classified according to the American Diabetes Association standards (≥100mg/dL; <126mg/dL). The associations between prediabetes and the variables: sociodemographic, anthropometric, food consumption, blood pressure levels, triglycerides and common mental disorders were tested. In addition, a variable was created to verify the association of the simultaneous presence of risk factors in the same individual. Data were reviewed using Pearson’s chi-square test and Poisson regression for crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, considering a significance level of 5%. Results A total of 224 adults participated in the study, of which 154 (68.7%) were female, aged between 20 and 39 years (53.1%). An 8.04% prevalence of prediabetes was observed. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found between lower education (0 to 8 years of study; 17.3%) and increased triglycerides levels (≥150mg/dL; 13.7%). Higher gross prevalence (PR: 2.53; CI 95%: 1.05-6.05) prediabetes ratios were observed with 5 or more simultaneous risk factors when compared to individuals who had up to 4 simultaneous risk factors. Conclusion Low schooling, hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of five or more simultaneous risk factors were associated with prediabetes; however, these risk factors are subject to intervention. Therefore, this study points to the need for changes in lifestyle habits as a strategy for glycemic control and diabetes prevention.
Deslocamentos e construção estatal: o uso de passaportes e a evolução administrativa do Estado joanino no Brasil (1808-1822)
Authors: Farias Rogério de Souza
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O controle do deslocamento de indivíduos por intermédio do uso de passaportes no início da era contemporânea configurou atividade central no esforço de construção do Estado. O artigo, ao estudar o período compreendido pela administração joanina no Brasil (1808-22), apresenta uma janela para compreender a evolução do Estado, os deslocamentos internacionais de mulheres e escravos a partir do Rio de Janeiro e o difuso sentimento de pertencimento nacional na América do Sul.