bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Último Exílio de Jorge de Sena: Em Creta, com o Minotauro
Authors: Gagliardi Caio
Published: July 2015

A experiência de deslocamento de um dos principais escritores portugueses do século XX, Jorge de Sena, é ao mesmo tempo uma experiência biográfica e literária. Seu duplo exílio no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos é incorporado por sua escrita a ponto de elevar o exílio a um estado poético. A emancipação das fronteiras nacionais, a errância e o sentimento de alienação levam o poeta a sonhar com um exílio perfeito, um último exílio ou um estado de escrita permanente: em Creta, tomando café com o Minotauro. O Minotauro é seu verdadeiro duplo na mitologia. Essa transição para o universo do insólito significa uma abertura muito expressiva de sua poesia para mundos desconhecidos, e é inseparável da experiência de expatriação vivida por Jorge de Sena.

L’expérience du déplacement d’un des principaux écrivains portugais du XXe siècle, Jorge de Sena, constitue à la fois une expérience biographique et littéraire. Son double exil au Brésil et aux Etats-Unis est incorporé par son écriture au point d’élever l’exil à un état poétique. L’émancipation des frontières nationales, l’errance et le sentiment de déracinement conduisent le poète à rêver d’un exil parfait, un dernier exil ou un état de permanent écrit: en Crète, en sirotant un café, avec le Minotaure. Le Minotaure est son véritable double dans la mythologie. Ce passage à l’univers de l’insolite signifie une très importante ouverture de sa poésie vers des mondes inconnus, et c’est indissociable de l’expérience du dépaysement vécue par Jorge de Sena.
Por uma poética reinventada: Manoel de Barros e Yves Bonnefoy
Authors: Costa Leila De Aguiar
Published: July 2015

Des-inventar o ato poético, ou des-escrever a poesia, eis a tarefa a que se dedicam, respectivamente, Manoel de Barros e Yves Bonnefoy. O poeta mato-grossense e o poeta francês, tão afastados no espaço, aproximam-se de modo inegável na reflexão que empreendem do ato poético: contrários a todo movimento de conceitualização e de gramaticalização que põe a perder a poesia, Manoel de Barros e Yves Bonnefoy propõem uma volta às origens, um regresso à fundação da palavra poética, a seu diálogo estreito com o mundo, com suas coisas e seus seres.

Desinventar l’acte poétique ou désécrire la poésie: voici la tâche à laquelle se vouent respectivement Manoel de Barros et Yves Bonnefoy. Le poète du Mato Grosso et le poète français, bien qu’éloignés dans l’espace, s’approchent de manière indéniable par la réflexion qui proposent sur le faire poétique : contre tout mouvement de conceptualisation et de grammaticalisation qui font perdre la poésie, Manoel de Barros et Yves Bonnefoy proposent un retour aux origines, à la fondation de la parole poétique, au dialogue raproché .
Poesía argentina reciente: objetos y series (entre el objet trouvé, el resto histórico y el souvenir)
Authors: Porrúa Ana
Published: July 2015

Este ensaio busca refletir sobre o conceito de “sistema dos objetos” (Baudrillard), tendo como corpus a poesia argentina mais recente, na qual a presença das coisas surge como elemento importante. O dispositivo crítico utilizado é a noção de tabula rasa, tal como a pensou Didi-Huberman, ou seja, como superfície de inscrição que permite recuperar significados, deslocar sentidos e compreender a utilização dos objetos, no poema, como processo e movimento que tece redes diversas. A poesia de Daniel Garcia Helder, Marcelo Díaz, Sergio Raimondi e Martín Gambarotta permite indagar criticamente a tradição e as poéticas existentes em cada época. Nesse sentido, elegem-se as figuras do objeto arqueológico ou etnográfico, o denominado “objet retrouvé” e o “souvenir”, na medida em que tais artefatos materializam as distintas relações entre materialidade e valor simbólico, entre valor de uso e valor de troca, entre natureza e cultura, entre passado e presente, entre objetividade e subjetividade, entre mercantilização e artes manuais.

El trabajo aborda un “sistema de objetos” (Baudrillard) en un corpus de poesía argentina reciente, en el que la presencia de las cosas insiste como rasgo saliente. El dispositivo crítico utilizado es la noción de mesa (tabula rasa) tal como la entiende Didi-Huberman, como superficie de inscripción que permite recuperar significados, desplazar sentidos y entender el ingreso de los objetos al poema como proceso, como movimiento que teje redes diversas. El armado de series en la poesía de Daniel García Helder, Marcelo Díaz, Sergio Raimondi y Martín Gambarotta, permite indagar críticamente la tradición y las poéticas de época. En este sentido se eligen las figuras del objeto arqueológico o etnográfico, el objet trouvé y el souvenir que dan cuenta de distintas relaciones entre materialidad y valor simbólico, entre valor de uso y valor de cambio, entre naturaleza y cultura, entre pasado y presente, entre objetividad y afectividad, entre mercantilización y artesanado.
Da repetição à rasura: Joaquim Manuel Magalhães com Carlos de Oliveira
Authors: Gandolfi Leonardo
Published: July 2015

Primeiro, discutir as diferentes implicações da reescrita poética em Carlos de Oliveira e em Joaquim Manuel Magalhães: de um lado, a reescrita como forma de diálogo necessário com a censura política para, em seguida, se tornar redimensionamento do tempo; do outro, a reescrita como procedimento conceptual em que, em última estância, o procedimento pode ser mais legível que o poema. Por fim, através das versões de um “mesmo” poema de Joaquim Manuel Magalhães, lê-lo da repetição à rasura.

This text, first, discusses the different implications of poetic rewritten in Carlos de Oliveira and Joaquim Manuel Magalhães: on one hand, seen as a way of rewriting the necessary dialogue with political censorship in order to become later another time experience; on the other hand, rewriting as a conceptual procedure where, in the last resort, the procedure may be more legible than the poem. Finally, this text proposes, through versions of the same Joaquim Manuel Magalhães’ poem, to read the devices of erasure and repetition.
Resenha: VIRGÍLIO. Geórgicas I. Organização de Matheus Trevizam. Traduções de António Feliciano de Castilho e Matheus Trevizam. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2013. 93 p.
Authors: Saltarelli Thiago César Viana Lopes
Published: July 2015

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Resenha: VARELA, Ângela. Configurações do poema em prosa: de “Notas marginais” de Eça ao Livro do desassossego de Pessoa. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional / Casa da Moeda, 2011.
Authors: Destri Luisa
Published: July 2015

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Avaliação da compactação do solo por meio de um ensaio oedometrico
Authors: Medeiros Alex Rogerdan , Câmara Júnior Cícero Luiz , Pereira Joaquim Odilon , Oliveira Francisco Assis de , Amaro Filho Joaquim
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a compactação do solo por meio de um ensaio oedometrico. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda experimental Rafael Fernandes, da UFERSA localizada em Alagoinha, zona rural do município de Mossoró/RN.O experimento foi conduzido  no período de Março de 2012 à Agosto de 2012. Os parâmetros analisados foram densidade do solo, matéria orgânica, índices de vazios estruturais, índice de compressão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por três profundidades de solo 0,0-0,05m; 0,05-0,10m e 0,10-0,20m. Os resultados evidenciaram que os valores de Matéria orgânica e densidade do solo variaram inversamente. O ensaio oedometrico revelou que o índice de vazios estrutural do solo e reduzido com o aumento da densidade do solo e com o teor de água para uma mesma pressão aplicada. Para o mesmo teor de água o índice de vazios estrutural diminuiu com o aumento da pressão aplicada. O índice de compressão do solo diminuiu com a profundidade.

 

Evaluation of soil compaction by means of a test oedometrico

 

ABSTRACT- This study aimed to assess soil compaction through an essay oedometrico. The study was conducted at the experimental farm, Rafael Fernandes of UFERSA located in Alagoinha, rural zone of Mossoró / RN.The experiment was conducted in the period from March 2012 to August 2012. The parameters analyzed were bulk density, void ratio structural compression index and soil organic matter. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of three soil depths (0.0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m) The results showed that the values of organic matter decreased with increasing soil depth. The bulk density increased with depth, with a smaller value obtained in the 0 to 5 cm. The oedometer test revealed that the void content of the soil decreased with increased soil density and moisture content for the same pressure applied. For the same water content of the structural void ratio decreased with increasing applied pressure. The rate of compression of the soil decreased with depth.
Water Deficit Alters Cotton Canopy Structure and Increases Photosynthesis in the Mid‐Canopy Layer
Authors: Zhan Dongxia , Zhang Chao , Yang Ying , Luo Honghai , Zhang Yali , Zhang Wangfeng
Published: July 2015

Little is known about how water deficit affects cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) canopy architecture and the vertical distribution of photosynthesis within the canopy. The objective of this 2‐yr field experiment was to determine the effects of reduced water supply on (i) surface area distribution within a cotton canopy, (ii) the transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) within the canopy, and (iii) the contribution of leaves and non‐leaf organs at different positions within the canopy to whole‐canopy photosynthesis. The results showed that compared with conventional irrigation, water deficit reduced leaf surface area in the upper canopy layer by 20 to 46% and increased PAR transmission into the mid‐canopy layer by 38 to 73%. Slight water deficit reduced leaf photosynthetic rates in the upper canopy layer by 24%, but increased leaf photosynthetic rates in the mid‐canopy layer by 23% and the lower canopy layer by 79%. Compared with conventional irrigation, slight water deficit had no significant effect on yield, whereas moderate water deficit significantly reduced both variables. Leaves, especially those in the upper canopy layer, were the main drivers of whole‐canopy photosynthesis. On a percentage basis, non‐leaf organs accounted for <26% of whole‐canopy photosynthesis. Future research is needed to learn more about the photosynthetic potential of non‐leaf organs and their response to water deficit.
Determining Soil Ice Contents during Freezing and Thawing with Thermo‐Time Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Tian Zhengchao , Heitman Joshua , Horton Robert , Ren Tusheng
Published: July 2015

Core Ideas

An optimum heat application strategy was established for measuring thermal properties with the heat pulse method in partially frozen soils.

At temperatures ≤ −5°C, T‐TDR probes were able to measure soil ice content changes with acceptable accuracy.

At temperatures between −5 and 0°C, soil ice contents could be estimated from water content before freezing, TDR measured unfrozen water content, and T‐TDR measured total water content at temperatures below −5°C.

Determining soil ice content during freezing and thawing is important and challenging for both engineering and environmental issues. The thermo‐time domain reflectometry (T‐TDR) probe, which can monitor unfrozen soil water content and soil thermal properties simultaneously, has the potential to measure ice content in partially frozen soils. The objective of this study was to identify an optimum heat application strategy for measuring soil thermal properties with T‐TDR probes in partially frozen soil while minimizing ice melting during the process. The optimized heating schemes were then applied for monitoring soil ice content dynamics during freezing and thawing. The results indicated that the heat pulse method failed at temperatures between −5 and 0°C because of temperature field disturbances from latent heat of fusion. When soil temperatures were ≤ −5°C, ice melting during heat pulse applications could be limited effectively with a combination of 60‐s heat‐pulse duration and 450 J m−1 heating strength, or a 90‐s heat‐pulse duration and heating strength of 450 to 900 J m−1. With the optimized heating scheme, T‐TDR probes were able to measure soil ice content changes at ≤ −5°C during freezing and thawing, and the errors were within ±0.05 m3 m−3 in sandy loams and within ±0.1 m3 m−3 in soils with high clay content. At temperatures between −5 and 0°C, soil ice contents could not be measured accurately with the heat‐pulse method directly, but they could be estimated coarsely from water content before freezing, TDR measured unfrozen water content, and T‐TDR measured total water content at temperatures below −5°C.
Cylindrically Confined Flows of Water from a Point Source and to a Sink, above a Water Table
Authors: Communar Gregory , Friedman Shmulik P.
Published: July 2015

A quasi‐linear form of Richards' equation, which assumes exponential dependence of the hydraulic conductivity on the pressure head and depth, was used to analyze the flows from a point source and to a point sink in a cylindrically confined soil domain overlying a shallow groundwater table (WT). The evaporation flux at the surface was taken to be proportional to the matric flux potential (MFP). Analytical solutions for the time‐dependent and steady‐state problems were obtained by using integral transforms. The general solution for a point source in a finite‐length cylinder takes the form of double series, which contains the inverse of the finite Hankel transform in the radial direction coupled with the inverse of the generalized Fourier transform in the vertical direction. Numerical evaluation of this solution is straightforward but time consuming for both time‐dependent and steady‐state cases. An alternative solution for a steady point source that involves only the Hankel inverse transform was found to be more practicable. Steady flows from a surface point source toward a WT and from a WT toward a subsurface sink were analyzed by mapping the distributions of the pressure head and the MFP, together with the streamlines. The sink was simulated by a suction zone of prescribed radius whose strength was evaluated from the condition that MFP equals zero at a reference point at either the bottom or the top of the suction zone. Particular attention was paid to the choice of locations of the reference point for evaluating the sink strength, for which the solution for the sink remains physically relevant irrespective of whether or not the surface loses water by evaporation.
Characterization of the Gas and Liquid Conductivity of an Aboveground, Commercial‐Scale Sulfur Block
Authors: Ledding Jeremy J.M. , Huang Mingbin , Barbour S. Lee , Hendry M.J.
Published: July 2015

Elemental sulfur (S0) is commonly stored in aboveground blocks formed by pouring molten S0 in thin lifts. The long‐term storage of S0 blocks is a potential source of high acidity effluent as a result of the oxidation of S0 to H2SO4, resulting in effluent waters with low pH and elevated SO42− concentrations. These blocks are currently managed during operations within a secure, engineered, containment facility. Characterization of the accessibility of the S0 block to O2 and water ingress is required to fully understand the generation of H2SO4 within the block. The O2 and water ingress are defined by the gas (Kg) and liquid (Kl) conductivity of the S0 block. We present the results of in situ gas pumping tests in vertical and angled boreholes conducted on an aboveground S0 block to determine Kg within the block and to indirectly determine Kl. The Kg test results showed that the block is highly conductive in both the horizontal (geometric mean = 2.3 × 10−4 m s−1) and vertical (geometric mean = 1.7 × 10−5 m s−1) directions and heterogeneous with respect to Kg. Results of the cross‐hole tests were considered to yield more representative estimates of bulk Kg than single‐well tests because cross‐hole tests are relatively insensitive to high head loss associated with turbulent flow conditions that develop near the borehole. In addition, numerical modeling of cross‐hole test data provided insight into the anisotropic nature of Kg of the S0 block. Corresponding values of anisotropic Kl computed from Kg were 2.6 × 10−3 m s−1 (horizontal) and 1.9 × 10−4 m s−1 (vertical). Given that S0 blocks are constructed in a similar manner throughout the world, the results of this study should be generally applicable to other S0 blocks.
Field Observations of Regional Controls of Soil Hydraulic Properties on Soil Moisture Spatial Variability in Different Climate Zones
Authors: Wang Tiejun , Franz Trenton E.
Published: July 2015

Knowledge of soil moisture spatial variability (SMSP) is important for many practical reasons. However, a significant gap still exists in our understanding of different controls on SMSP, especially the roles of soil hydraulic parameters due to their limited availability. Although modeling approaches have been used to assess the impacts of those parameters on SMSP, they have led to inconsistent findings. In this study, soil moisture data from Utah (5 yr) and the US Southeast (2 yr) were obtained from the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN), along with estimated van Genuchten parameters. The method of mean relative difference (MRD) of soil moisture was used as a diagnostic tool for assessing different climate and soil controls on SMSP. The results show that instead of being controlled by climate variables (e.g., precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) as traditionally believed at regional scales (∼105 km2), MRD is mainly dependent on soil hydraulic properties. In Utah with a drier climate, the residual soil moisture content (θr) is the dominant control on MRD, followed by the saturated soil moisture content (θs). With wetter climates in the US Southeast, the impacts of θr and θs on MRD become comparable, mostly due to the high correlation between θr and θs in this region, and there exists a nonlinear negative relationship between MRD and the parameter n for coarser soils, indicated by larger n values tending to have lower MRDs. The findings of this study have important implications for verifying remotely sensed moisture data and initializing and parameterizing regional land surface and climate models.
The effect of pipe collectors in reducing the drainage coefficient rate
Authors: Ghorbani Karim , Wayayok Aimrun , Abbaszadeh Masumeh , Fikri Ahmad
Published: July 2015

A high groundwater table and soil salinity, especially in arid regions, often cause serious problems for agriculture. In irrigated areas the subsurface drainage can be an effective technique to lower the depth of the groundwater table and reduce soil salinity. In drainage systems, lateral pipes are designed to collect the free water from soil and convey it into collectors. In other words, collectors are commonly designed to convey drainage water from laterals downstream, while the laterals play an additional role in removing excess water from irrigated land. The present research was conducted to investigate the effects of collectors in discharging excess water from soil using a laboratory-tank model. The results indicated that on average 24% of drainage water was directly discharged through the collector pipe when the hydraulic gradient of the flow was sloped toward the collector pipe. Hence, it was concluded that, with proper monitoring, collectors were capable of reducing the drainage coefficient from an average of 32.5 to 24.5 mm/day, while drain spacing of the laterals can increase the results by about 15% in comparison with the present situation.
Ecohydrological modeling of irrigation scheduling of maize using time series analysis in the temperate region of Kashmir valley, India
Authors: Kumar R. , Farooq Zeenat , Nabi Sakiba , Jhajharia Deepak
Published: July 2015

Water, one of the most crucial inputs of irrigation, should be utilized judiciously to identify appropriate strategies for planning and management of irrigated farmland. The present study was conducted for the crop maize (Zea mays), grown mainly in the rabi-season (July–October), to evaluate the irrigation water requirements in the temperate region of Kashmir Valley, India during the last 20 years from 1993 to 2012. The crop evapotranspiration values have been determined using the universally accepted Penman–Monteith method. The reference evapotranspiration varied by 93 mm, which accounts for variation of 20.12% for a temperature change of 1.61 °C. Net irrigation requirement of the crop is influenced greatly due to the possible effect of climate change, observed through varying temperature in different crop periods. The number of irrigations required in sandy loam soil is much more than the required number of irrigations in clay loam soil. The irrigation scheduling was analyzed using meteorological data through FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method as a guiding force for irrigation water management in order to save water and increase crop water use efficiency. The time series analysis reveals that maize crop in sandy loam and clay loam needs to be advanced by 5 days and 4 days in order to adapt for the climate change.
Multi-objective optimization of the Three Gorges cascaded reservoirs operation with emphasis on electricity generation and ecological requirements
Authors: Zhao Yue , Ying Huan , Zhou Jianzhong
Published: July 2015

The operations of reservoirs produce enormous economic and social benefits but also impact species composition and habitat distribution of the riverine ecosystem. Hence, the realization of conservation and restoration of the ecosystem calls for reservoir reoperation. It is a widespread consensus that providing suitable ecological flow (SEF) for ecosystems is a useful way to cushion adverse effects. In contrast to the conventional methods that take a minimum ecological flow as a constraint, studies have been conducted to establish multi-objective operation models with an ecological objective recently. This paper considers two cascaded reservoirs: the Three Gorges Project (TGP) and the Gezhouba Dam in the middle Yangtze River. By concentrating on urgent ecological problems such as the reproduction of four major species of Chinese carp and the propagation of Chinese sturgeon, a series of monthly SEF was synthesized. Afterward, a long-term multi-objective optimization model that maximizes power generation and minimizes the water volume that violates ecosystem water requirements was developed to study the relationship between the two objectives. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II method was applied to solve the proposed model. The optimized results show that according to the present water control operating regulations, the monthly amount of released water of TGP can be sufficient for ecosystem requirements except in October. The ecological model is better in improving the river ecosystem, but at the expense of power generation loss. Moreover, this method provides a set of operational non-dominated schemes between the target objectives for decision-makers to select and could be useful for water resource management of reservoirs.
Development of a risk-based approach for better protection of drinking water catchments in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Six S. , Diez T. , Van Limbergen B. , Keustermans L.
Published: July 2015

Around 70% of the drinking water produced by De Watergroep (a Belgian public water company) is extracted from 83 groundwater pumping sites. To control the risks that endanger the drinking water supply and for the groundwater extracted to be as pure as possible, a risk-based approach for the protection of the catchment areas is developed, as part of the water safety plans. The approach consists of three steps: first, the compilation of a site-specific source file, second, the performance of a risk analysis for every catchment area, and third, the development of a monitoring strategy and action plans. The general goals are to lower the level of purification and to enhance the sustainability of groundwater extraction. The listed benefits make it worthwhile to implement this approach, despite the uncertainties.
Forward osmosis desalination from laboratory to market
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Ahmed , Merdaw Ali A. , Al-Aibi Sami , Hamdan Malak , Nicoll Peter , Monjezi Alireza Abbassi , Al-ASwad Saleh , Mahood Hameed B. , Aryafar Maryam , Sharif Adel O.
Published: July 2015

A two-step forward osmosis (FO) desalination process combining both FO and reverse osmosis (RO) systems has been developed by the Centre for Osmosis Research and Applications at the University of Surrey and commercialised by Modern Water plc. In the FO + RO process seawater was used as feed water (FW) and a concentrated aqueous solution was used as a draw solution (DS). By taking advantage of natural osmosis, pure water is transferred from the FW to the DS and then recovered from the DS by the RO process utilising low resistance membranes, and hence lower specific energy consumption (SEC). This paper presents results of FO experiments conducted on flat sheet membrane using a bench-scale rig. The osmotic agent investigated in this study was magnesium sulphate, which is non-toxic, and highly soluble in water. Furthermore experiments were carried out on the RO pilot in order to regenerate the DS for reuse in the FO process and produce clean water. This paper also presents some pilot plant results and data from commercial plants in Oman and Gibraltar. The data demonstrates the efficiency of the FO + RO compared with the conventional RO process in terms of SEC and membrane fouling performance.
Faecal coliform attachment to settleable suspended sediments in fresh surface waters: linear partition model validation and sediment concentration effects
Authors: Jiang L. , Chen Y. C. , Zhu D. J. , Liu Z. W.
Published: July 2015

Controlled experiments were conducted to examine the validity of the linear partition model for faecal coliform (FC) attachment to suspended sediments and assess the impact of sediment concentration on the attachment. Sediments were collected from a river in Beijing, China and the suspended particles <62 μm were separated out and mixed with FC suspensions. The experimental mass specific concentration of attached FC linearly increased with the free-floating FC concentration, with the partition coefficient for four different sediment concentrations ranging from 0.2286 to 0.2695 L/g. Actually, the results can be well described using a single partition coefficient of 0.2565 L/g. The rate of sediment particle surface covered by attached FC was in the range of 0.32 × 10−5–0.58 × 10−5, and the relatively low rate gave a possible explanation of the linear relationship. The experimental fraction of attached FC significantly increased with increasing sediment concentration, ranging from 7.5 to 54.2%, and this was well explained by the linear partition model. These results proved that the linear partition model was valid in describing FC attachment to suspended sediments in surface waters and the attached fraction was sediment concentration dependent, while the impact of suspended sediment concentration on the partition coefficient was insignificant.
Biodegradability of some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds and co-degradation with phenol by denitrifiers in anoxic sludge reactor
Authors: Wang Zixing , Xu Xiaochen , Yang Fenglin , Tan Zhongxia , Chen Jie
Published: July 2015

Phenol and nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) are typical organic pollutants in coal gasification wastewater which are difficult to deal with. Unlike phenol, the stable molecular structure of NHCs make them nearly impossible to degrade under aerobic or anaerobic condition. In this paper, biodegradation of phenol and NHCs as carbon sources for denitrification was studied in a laboratory-scale anoxic reactor. Denitrifiers could degrade 490 mg/L phenol and 321.5 mg/L NO3−-N within 12 hours with removal efficiencies of 99.8% and 99.6%, respectively. The inhibition of pyridine on the microbes could be reduced by adding phenol into influent and the experimental results showed that pyridine could be degraded as the sole carbon source with the maximum organic loading rate of 4.38 mg/(g MLSS·h) (MLSS: mixed liquor suspended solids). When phenol was included as a growth substrate, the degradation performance of quinoline and pyrrole was improved due to co-degradation, and removal rate of NHCs increased according with increment of phenol in influent.
Rapid removal of caffeine in aqueous solutions by peroxymonosulfate oxidant activated with cobalt ion
Authors: Guo Yunleiyu , Shen Tingting , Wang Chen , Sun Jing , Wang Xikui
Published: July 2015

The removal of caffeine (CAF) in aqueous solution by peroxymonosulfate oxidant activated with cobalt ion was investigated under a variety of operating conditions. The effects of various operating parameters, such as oxone and Co2+ concentrations, pH value, and the coexistence of dissolved organic matter and inorganic anions on the removal of CAF have been investigated. The removal efficiency increased with the increase in the concentrations of oxone and Co2+ ion added. The additions of chloride, bicarbonate, and sodium humate have negative effects on the removal of CAF. Near-neutral condition (5.0 < pH < 7.0) is favorable for the removal of CAF. Based on our experiments, 100% degradation of 50 mg/L CAF can be achieved within 4 minutes under the conditions of 1.00 mM oxone and 0.10 mM Co2+ ion at pH 5.0–7.0.
Operating a two-stage microbial fuel cell–constructed wetland for fuller wastewater treatment and more efficient electricity generation
Authors: Doherty Liam , Zhao Yaqian
Published: July 2015

By integrating microbial fuel cells (MFCs) into constructed wetlands (CWs) the need and cost of building a reactor are eliminated, while CWs provide the simultaneous redox conditions required for optimum MFC performance. Two single-stage MFC-CWs, with dewatered alum sludge cake as the main wetland medium for enhanced phosphorus removal, were operated to determine the effects of electrode separation and flow regimes on power production and wastewater treatment. When the anode is buried and the cathode is at the air–water interface the system is inhibited by a large ohmic resistance resulting from the increased electrode separation. By placing the cathode directly above the anode and operating the system with simultaneous upflow into the anode and downflow into the cathode the ohmic resistance is reduced. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was, however, reduced to 64% (compared with 79%). A two-stage system was subsequently run for fuller wastewater treatment and increased power production. The results indicate that a two-stage MFC-CW can increase the normalized energy recovery and improve removal efficiencies of COD, total nitrogen, NH4+, total phosphorus and reactive phosphorus to 93 ± 1.7%, 85 ± 5.2%, 90 ± 5.4%, 98 ± 5.3% and 99 ± 2.9%, respectively.
Effect of organic loading rate on the performance of two-stage anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW)
Authors: Rodríguez-Pimentel Reyna I. , Rodríguez-Pérez Suyen , Monroy-Hermosillo Oscar , Ramírez-Vives Florina
Published: July 2015

Two-stage anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was carried out: hydrolysis and acidogenesis in a continuous anaerobic hydrolytic leach bed (AHLB) reactor loaded at different rates (Bv = 3.8–7 gVSSL−1d−1) and methanogenesis of leachates, diluted with municipal wastewater in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at organic loading rates of 6.6–13 gCODLr−1d−1. In the AHLB reactor, 51–76% and 58–71% volatile solids and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were obtained. During the hydrolysis and acidogenesis phases, the effluents were at pH 4.93, the leachate had a volatile fatty acids concentration of 35 g/L and the biogas was composed only of CO2. The average methane production in the UASB in the load of 4.4 gVS L−1 d−1 in the AHLB was 3.32 LCH4Lr−1d−1 (yCH4 = 80%), with COD removal efficiency of 95% and methane yield 279 LCH4KgVS−1OFMSW degraded.
Enhanced coagulation with in situ manganese dioxide on removal of humic acid in micro-polluted water
Authors: Zeng Yubin , Zeng Ziyang , Wang Junlin
Published: July 2015

The morphology and surface characteristics of manganese dioxide (MnO2) formed in situ, which was prepared through the oxidation of MnSO4 using KMnO4, were studied. The effects of factors including the form of MnO2, dosage, pH, dosing sequence of in situ MnO2 on the enhanced coagulation were systematically evaluated. The results of analysis by the UV254 and permanganate index CODMn methods indicated that humic acid removal increased from 9.2 and 2.5% to 55.0 and 38.9%, when 10 mg/L of the in situ MnO2 was added in the presence of 2 mg/L of polyaluminum sulfate. The studies of orthogonal experiment revealed that coagulation was most affected by the pH, whereas the dosage of in situ MnO2 and slow stirring duration exhibited a weaker effect. At a pH value of 4.0, in situ MnO2 dosage of 10 mg/L, slow stir over 40 min, and the total solids content was 20 mg/L, the humic acid removal by UV254 and CODMn methods reached 71.2 and 61.2%. These results indicated that the presence of in situ MnO2 enhanced the coagulation and removal of humic acid from water.
The positive effects of waste leachate addition on methane fermentation from food waste in batch trials
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Zhang Lei , Li Aimin
Published: July 2015

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of waste leachate (WL) addition on batch anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW), and to examine the influence of mixture ratio on the co-digestion process. The results showed that anaerobic digestion of FW was greatly enhanced by WL addition, as indicated by the higher methane yield, higher methane content, more volatile solids (VS) destruction, and higher stability. Although WL was rich in volatile fatty acids (VFA), its addition did not cause VFA inhibition. It was found that WL addition was beneficial to accelerate the start-up and shorten the long reaction time of the batch anaerobic process. The time to reach the peak methane yield was reduced by 1, 2, and 4 days with WL addition. The optimum FW to WL ratio was 77.9:22.1 with the highest methane yield (416 mL/g VS), the highest methane content (64.3%), the greatest VS removal (77.6%), and stable performance. These results confirmed the positive effects of WL addition on methane fermentation from FW.
Further study on kinetic modeling of sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by calcium-based catalysts
Authors: Miladinovic Marija , Tasic Marija , Stamenkovic Olivera , Veljkovic Vlada , Skala Dejan
Published: July 2015

The kinetic model, which was originally developed for sunflower oil
methanolysis catalyzed by CaO.ZnO, was examined for several other
calcium-based catalysts like neat CaO, quicklime and Ca(OH)2. This model
including triacylglycerols mass transfer- and chemically-controlled regimes
demonstrated a good agreement with the experimental data in terms of a high
coefficient of determination (0.971?0.022) and acceptable mean relative
percentage deviation (?15.9%). Hence, this model is recommended for modeling
the kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis over calcium-based catalysts under
widely ranging reaction conditions.
Noninvasive assessment of intracranial pressure in dogs by use of biomechanical response behavior, diagnostic imaging, and finite element analysis
Authors: Madison Adrienne M. , Sharma Ajay , Haidekker Mark A.
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE To develop a novel method for use of diagnostic imaging, finite element analysis (FEA), and simulated biomechanical response behavior of brain tissue in noninvasive assessment and estimation of intracranial pressure (ICP) of dogs.

SAMPLE MRI data for 5 dogs.

PROCEDURES MRI data for 5 dogs (1 with a geometrically normal brain that had no detectable signs of injury or disease and 4 with various degrees of geometric abnormalities) were obtained from a digital imaging archiving and communication system database. Patient-specific 3-D models composed of exact brain geometries were constructed from MRI images. Finite element analysis was used to simulate and observe patterns of nonlinear biphasic biomechanical response behavior of geometrically normal and abnormal canine brains at various levels of decreasing cerebral perfusion pressure and increasing ICP.

RESULTS Changes in biomechanical response behavior were detected with FEA for decreasing cerebral perfusion pressure and increasing ICP. Abnormalities in brain geometry led to observable changes in deformation and biomechanical response behavior for increased ICP, compared with results for geometrically normal brains.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, patient-specific critical ICP was identified, which could be useful as a method to predict the onset of brain herniation. Results indicated that it was feasible to apply FEA to brain geometry obtained from MRI data of clinical patients and to use biomechanical response behavior resulting from increased ICP as a diagnostic and prognostic method to noninvasively assess or classify levels of brain injury in clinical veterinary settings.
Electrocardiogram reference intervals for clinically normal wild-born chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Atencia Rebeca , Revuelta Luis , Somauroo John D. , Shave Robert E.
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE To generate reference intervals for ECG variables in clinically normal chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

ANIMALS 100 clinically normal (51 young [< 10 years old] and 49 adult [≥ 10 years old]) wild-born chimpanzees.

PROCEDURES Electrocardiograms collected between 2009 and 2013 at the Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Centre were assessed to determine heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QRS axis, P axis, and T axis. Electrocardiographic characteristics for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and morphology of the ST segment, T wave, and QRS complex were identified. Reference intervals for young and old animals were calculated as mean ± 1.96•SD for normally distributed data and as 5th to 95th percentiles for data not normally distributed. Differences between age groups were assessed by use of unpaired Student t tests.

RESULTS Reference intervals were generated for young and adult wild-born chimpanzees. Most animals had sinus rhythm with small or normal P wave morphology; 24 of 51 (47%) young chimpanzees and 30 of 49 (61%) adult chimpanzees had evidence of LVH as determined on the basis of criteria for humans.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cardiac disease has been implicated as the major cause of death in captive chimpanzees. Species-specific ECG reference intervals for chimpanzees may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of animals with, or at risk of developing, heart disease. Chimpanzees with ECG characteristics outside of these intervals should be considered for follow-up assessment and regular cardiac monitoring.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of immediate- and extended-release formulations of levetiracetam in dogs
Authors: Boozer Lindsay B. , Platt Simon R. , Haley Allison C. , Linville Amie V. , Kent Marc , Barron Lauren E. , Nie Ben , Arnold Robert D.
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics of various formulations of levetiracetam after oral administration of a single dose to healthy dogs.

ANIMALS 6 neurologically normal mixed-breed dogs.

PROCEDURES A crossover study design was used. Blood samples for serum harvest were collected from each dog before and at various points after oral administration of one 500-mg tablet of each of 2 generic extended-release (ER) formulations, 1 brand-name ER formulation, or 1 brand-name immediate-release (IR) formulation of levetiracetam. Serum samples were analyzed to determine pharmacokinetic properties of each formulation by means of ultra–high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS No dogs had clinically important adverse effects for any formulation of levetiracetam. All ER formulations had a significantly lower maximum serum drug concentration and longer time to achieve that concentration than did the IR formulation. Half-lives and elimination rate constants did not differ significantly among formulations. Values for area under the drug concentration-versus-time curve did not differ significantly between ER formulations and the IR formulation; however, 1 generic ER formulation had a significantly lower area under the curve than did other ER formulations.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE All ER formulations of levetiracetam had similar pharmacokinetic properties in healthy dogs, with some exceptions. Studies will be needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the various formulations; however, findings suggested that twice-daily administration of ER formulations may be efficacious in the treatment of seizures in dogs.
Zabrocki’s structural phonetics in the case study of velar POA assimilation in Latinate prefixation in RP English
Authors: Haładewicz-Grzelak Małgorzata
Published: July 2015

Zabrocki understood structural phonetics as a branch of phonetics concerned with analyzing acodal (substantial) systems (cf. Bańczerowski 1980: 13). In this theory, each sound has a specific acoustic and articulatory substance. Zabrocki constructed linear substantial sound structures based on measuring the amount of substance implied in the articulation. Diachronic structural phonetics, in turn, is the application of synchronically defined phonetic and acoustic relations to the study of language change. This paper investigates a synchronic scenario for velar POA assimilation in Latinate prefixation in English and tests the findings against the tenets of Zabrocki’s theory. The results show that Zabrocki’s structural phonetics perfectly accounts for the empirical findings. The corpus of investigation is comprised of realizations of all RP English Latinate prefixes ending with /n/, collected from various pronunciation dictionaries (online and paper). As a collateral corpus, recordings of two native speakers of English were made in which they produced some of the corpus material, as well as nonce words and unusual lexemes not listed in pronunciation dictionaries
Cognate arguments and the Transitivity Requirement in the history of English
Authors: Lavidas Nikolaos
Published: July 2015

Starting with the Transitivity Requirement hypothesis [the direct object counterpart of Extended Projection P rinciple (EPP)], we examine the development of cognate objects and cognate subjects in English. We show that English extended the range of both cognate objects - which are now also possible with activity/event nouns - and cognate subjects - cognate subjects became an option for impersonal verbs. However, we argue that a correlation between the development of cognate arguments and the changes in null arguments should be excluded, whereas the development of the cognate arguments appears to be related to aspectual changes.
Learner perceptions of gender representation in EFL grammar books
Authors: Lewandowski Marcin
Published: July 2015

It seems that there are very few research themes in sociolinguistics that have been as thoroughly explored as gender representation in educational materials (notably in E FL textbooks). However, relatively little attention has been paid to how learners themselves perceive the images of men and women in teaching resources. T he present contribution has been written in an attempt to fill this gap. Drawing on the findings of two small-scale survey studies conducted among Polish university students, it addresses two major issues. T he first one concerns the extent to which the choice of male or female-gendered sentence subjects in E FL grammar course books matches the learners’ associations and expectations. The other one, focusing specifically on attitudes to gender representation, seeks to demonstrate how the students view the ways male and female characters are portrayed in constructed examples of usage and practice sentences from English grammar textbooks. Both studies provide some indications of how E FL learners’ needs and expectations can be better addressed in teaching materials
Effects of Weight-Bearing Biofeedback Training on Functional Movement Patterns Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Christiansen Cory L. , Bade Michael J. , Davidson Bradley S. , Dayton Michael R. , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E.
Published: July 2015

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Objectives

To examine the effects of weight-bearing biofeedback training on weight-bearing symmetry and functional joint moments following unilateral total knee arthroplasty.

Background

Individuals after unilateral total knee arthroplasty place more weight on the nonsurgical limb compared to the surgical limb during function. It is unknown whether targeted intervention can improve function in the surgical limb and resolve altered movement patterns.

Methods

Twenty-six patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups (reload or control). The reload group had a standard-of-care rehabilitation augmented with weight-bearing biofeedback training, and the control group had a dose-matched standard-of-care rehabilitation. Lower-limb weight-bearing ratios were measured preoperatively and 6 and 26 weeks after total knee arthroplasty during a 5-time sit-to-stand test (FTSST) and walking. Secondary outcomes were FTSST time, walking speed, and lower-limb joint moments during the FTSST and walking.

Results

No between-group differences were found in weight-bearing ratios. Five-time sit-to-stand test time improved in the reload group compared to the control group at 6 (P = .021) and 26 weeks (P = .021). There were no between-group differences in knee extension moment during the FTSST. Surgical-limb knee extension moments during walking increased from baseline to 26 weeks in the reload group and decreased in the control group (P = .008).

Conclusion

Weight-bearing biofeedback training had no effect on functional weight-bearing symmetry or knee extension moments during the FTSST. However, the biofeedback training resulted in increases of knee extension moments during gait and improved FTSST times. Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01333189).

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(9):647–655. Epub 24 Jul 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5593