bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The demise of catalysis, but new functions arise: pseudoenzymes as the phoenixes of the protein world
Authors: Jeffery Constance J.
Published: February 2019

Pseudoenzymes are noncatalytic homologues of enzymes and are found in most enzyme families. Although lacking catalytic activity and sometimes referred to as ‘dead' enzymes, they instead resemble phoenixes because the loss of a catalytic function during evolution was associated with the development of vital new functions. They are important in regulating the activity and location of catalytically active homologues, scaffolding the assembly of signaling complexes, and regulating transcription or translation. They are key actors in cell proliferation and differentiation, proteostasis, and many other biochemical pathways and processes. They perform their functions in diverse ways, but many retain some aspects of the function of their catalytically active homologues. In some pseudoenzymes, their functions are very different from other members of their protein families, suggesting some arose from ancient moonlighting proteins during evolution. Much less is known about pseudoenzymes than their catalytically active counterparts, but a growing appreciation of their key roles in many important biochemical processes and signaling pathways has led to increased investigation in recent years. It is clear that there is still much more to learn about the structures, functions, and cellular roles of these phoenix-like proteins.
Towards functional characterization of archaeal genomic dark matter
Authors: Makarova Kira S. , Wolf Yuri I. , Koonin Eugene V.
Published: February 2019

A substantial fraction of archaeal genes, from ∼30% to as much as 80%, encode ‘hypothetical' proteins or genomic ‘dark matter'. Archaeal genomes typically contain a higher fraction of dark matter compared with bacterial genomes, primarily, because isolation and cultivation of most archaea in the laboratory, and accordingly, experimental characterization of archaeal genes, are difficult. In the present study, we present quantitative characteristics of the archaeal genomic dark matter and discuss comparative genomic approaches for functional prediction for ‘hypothetical' proteins. We propose a list of top priority candidates for experimental characterization with a broad distribution among archaea and those that are characteristic of poorly studied major archaeal groups such as Thaumarchaea, DPANN (Diapherotrites, Parvarchaeota, Aenigmarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota and Nanohaloarchaeota) and Asgard.
Design of wideband four‐way filtering power divider based on SIW loaded square patch resonator
Authors: Yang Mengni , Wang Jianpeng , Wang Xuedao , Wu Wen
Published: February 2019

A new design of wideband four‐way filtering power divider (FPD) based on substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) loaded square patch resonator is presented. The wideband operation is realised by utilising the TM20 mode of the patch and the TE110 mode of the SIW cavity resonator. Afterwards, the selectivity is obtained by adding four open‐ended coupling lines to each side of the square patch. Besides, an extra isolation network is introduced between each output port. To verify the design concept, a prototype of the proposed FPD operating at 3.55 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 21.3% is fabricated and measured. Results indicate that the input return loss is >10 dB and the insertion loss is <2 dB. The amplitude and phase imbalances are >0.3 dB and 3°, respectively. Both simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Studies on the effects of moisture and ageing on charge de‐trapping properties of oil‐impregnated pressboard based on IRC measurement
Authors: Haque Nasirul , Dalai Sovan , Chatterjee Biswendu , Chakravorti Sivaji
Published: February 2019

The dielectric properties of oil‐paper insulation degrade due to moisture ingression and ageing. This degradation significantly impacts the space charge accumulation and charge trapping behaviour in the insulation, which are vital parameters for insulation health under the high‐voltage direct current environment. In this work, an improved model based on the isothermal relaxation current (IRC) has been developed to study the charge trapping behaviour of an oil pressboard under the influence of moisture and ageing. The conventional IRC model considers the total relaxation current because of charge de‐trapping only. However, in the case of a composite dielectric like oil pressboard, dipolar relaxation also affects the relaxation current. In this work, a methodology has been proposed to investigate charge de‐trapping behaviour of oil‐pressboard insulation considering the dipole relaxation process from IRC measurements. For this purpose, frequency domain spectroscopy measurements and IRC measurements have been performed on oil‐impregnated pressboard specimens carefully prepared in the laboratory having different ageing conditions and moisture contents. Results presented in this work depict that charge trapping parameters, i.e. the trap depth and trapped charge distribution are highly affected both by ageing and moisture. It was observed that ageing leads to the generation of deeper traps, while moisture mainly enhances the density of shallow traps.
Hyperbolic FRFT‐FBMC for 5G signals
Authors: Mousavi Mohammad Reza , Shahzadi Ali , Orouji Ali A.
Published: February 2019

This study considers a novel type of signal for 5G communications based on filter bank multi‐carrier‐quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC‐QAM). In this new method, the innovative type of fractional Fourier transform on the basis of hyperbolic chirps that denominated as hyperbolic fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is implemented. The closed form of bit error probability of the introduced signal in Rayleigh and Rician selective fading channels is derived. According to simulations results, utilisation of the HFRFT–FBMC system can attain the better bit error probability in noisy channels, especially in the scenarios of high Doppler frequency rates. Furthermore, the result of calculations with simulations is evaluated.
Multiple coupled circuit modelling approach for squirrel cage induction machine under single‐broken‐bar fault with stator winding functions decomposed in d–q rotor reference frame
Authors: Fu Qiang , Yue Shigang , He Bo , Fu Ning
Published: February 2019

Mathematical modelling is a fundamental issue in the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of electrical machines. This study presents a multiple coupled circuit approach for the modelling of squirrel cage induction machines (SCIMs) with a single broken bar. Derived by means of winding function, the model is capable of incorporating all the harmonics of air‐gap magnetomotive force and describing transient machine behaviours. A d–q reference frame fixed on rotor is introduced. Each stator winding function is decomposed into two parts, a q‐axis and a d‐axis component, both of which induce currents in each rotor mesh. The q‐axis and d‐axis equivalent circuits are developed for both healthy and faulty cage rotors. It is also shown that a single‐broken‐bar fault does not affect the q‐axis rotor mesh current distribution. The d‐axis equivalent circuit for healthy cage rotor is modified further to determine the deviations in the mesh currents due to bar breakage. A detailed model of a 2.2 kW, four‐pole, three‐phase, 28‐rotor‐bar SCIM is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and a laboratory test bed is set up for this machine. A comparison between the simulation and experimental results verifies the effectiveness of the proposed modelling approach.
Probabilistic assessment of static voltage stability in distribution systems considering wind generation using catastrophe theory
Authors: Tourandaz Kenari Meghdad , Sepasian Mohammad Sadegh , Setayesh Nazar Mehrdad
Published: February 2019

With increasing penetration of distributed generations, the importance of the voltage stability assessment of distribution networks has been increased. Considering this situation, a probabilistic model is proposed to evaluate the voltage stability of distribution network integrating wind turbine (WT) units. With this intention, a probabilistic voltage stability index (PVSI) of a radial distribution system with wind power generation is presented. This index investigates the probabilistic risk of voltage collapse for all the buses of system considering uncertainty of WTs. Therefore, the most sensitive bus to the voltage collapse can be identified. The problem model is based on the catastrophe theory that can find the bifurcation point of system. Three‐point estimation method is employed to calculate the statistical moments of voltage and PVSI of nodes. Moreover, to estimate the cumulative distribution function of output random variables, the Cornish−Fisher series are used. The performance of the probabilistic index is tested on the IEEE 69‐bus radial distribution system where different load models are considered. The results demonstrate that the PVSI can accurately predict the voltage instability condition of the system.
Quad‐band linear to circular reflective polarisation transformer and its application in dual‐sense circularly polarised antenna design
Authors: DS Chandu , Karthikeyan Sholampettai Subramanian
Published: February 2019

This study presents the design and application of a novel quad‐band reflective polarisation transformer (RPT) with linear to dual‐sense circular polarisation (LP to DS‐CP) conversion. The proposed reflector is a highly miniaturised () two‐layered structure built on a thin dielectric substrate (0.005λ0, where λ0 is the free‐space wavelength of the lowest frequency with zero reflection phase) and backed by a ground plane. The design consists of anisotropic capacitive patches due to which the reflection phase of the orthogonal components of the LP wave differs by +90° (yielding right‐hand circularly polarised (LHCP)) at 2 GHz and by −90° (yielding right‐hand circularly polarised (RHCP)) at 2.4, 3.5 and 5.8 GHz. Further, it is proposed that the CP sense can be controlled by introducing narrow rectangular slots on both sides of the two‐layered RPT. These perturbations delay (or advance) the reflections by 180°, thereby converting RHCP component to LHCP (or vice‐versa). This diversity principle is verified using full‐wave and circuit simulations. A prototype of the RPT is fabricated and measured to validate these results. For practical verification, the RPT is placed behind a quad‐band LP antenna operating exactly at the ±90° reflection phase frequencies. The polariser converts LP to RHCP at 2.4–2.55/3.38–3.6 GHz and LP to LHCP at 2, 5.8–5.92 GHz.
Gain enhancement of a compact thin flexible reflector‐based asymmetric meander line antenna with low SAR
Authors: El Atrash Mohamed , Abdalla Mahmoud A. , Elhennawy Hadia M.
Published: February 2019

A compact, flexible, coplanar waveguide‐fed, U‐shaped reflector surrounded asymmetric meander line antenna operating at 2.4 GHz is presented for wrist wearable applications. The antenna is printed on flexible Rogers Ultralam 3850 substrate. Size reduction of 67.7% was attained by employing the meandering methodology, in comparison with the printed straight monopole. The design displays a gain of around 3 dB by incorporating a U‐shaped reflector, on the same level as the radiator, which is considered as the main contribution of the proposed design. Bending scenarios were studied proving the antenna robustness against bending. The proposed antenna was bent over a human body model with optimum separation distance, where enhancement of the specific absorption rate (SAR) level has been achieved, compared to the symmetric meander line antenna. The antenna was fabricated and measured where a high agreement was met in terms of simulated and measured return loss and radiation pattern polar plots, as well as, simulated and measured gain.
Beam‐switching of Fabry–Perot cavity antenna using asymmetric reflection phase response of bianisotropic metasurface
Authors: Katare Kranti Kumar , Chandravanshi Sandhya , Biswas Animesh , Jaleel Akhtar Mohammad
Published: February 2019

A novel bianisotropic metasurface (BMS) based beam‐switching/steering technique is demonstrated using Fabry‐Perot (FP) cavity antenna. The proposed configuration comprises of a patch antenna and the BMS as a partially reflecting surface. The BMS is consisting of strongly coupled two layers of metallic patches, termed as a constant phase layer (CPL) and a gradient phase layer (GPL). Due to the bianisotropic nature, this BMS introduces a direction‐dependent asymmetrical reflection phase response when electromagnetic (EM) waves originating from patch antenna are incident on it from two opposite directions. These EM waves undergo a constant reflection phase of when it impinges on the BMS at the side of CPL results into a directive beam along the broadside direction. Now, BMS is flipped over patch antenna to illuminate its gradient side (GPL) which facilitates beam in the off‐normal direction. Furthermore, beam‐steering in the E‐plane is obtained by slowly rotating the BMS over patch antenna. Therefore, the proposed configuration can switch/steer the direction of main beam in the elevation plane while maintaining its compact configuration (). The design parameters and characteristics of the proposed configuration are also obtained analytically using basic theories of the FP cavity antenna and the phased array..
Dual circularly polarised omnidirectional antenna
Authors: Wang Ankang , Li Xi , Yi XiangJie , Yang Lin , Zhao Jiawei , Li Aiqin
Published: February 2019

A dual circularly polarised (CP) omnidirectional antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of an in‐phase current loop, a printed dipole and a feed network. The in‐phase current loop formed by zero‐phase‐shift line is placed orthogonally to the printed dipole to produce Eφ and Eθ components in the far‐field of antenna radiation. By adjusting the amplitude and phase of Eθ and Eφ, good CP characteristics can be formed. A simple and feasible 3 dB coupler can realise the switching between the left‐hand CP (LHCP) and right‐hand CP (RHCP) without additional complex feed structure. Furthermore, the structure of the parallel strip line to the microstrip can effectively eliminate the unbalanced current of the coaxial cable. Finally, the optimised antenna was processed and measured. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth (|S11|<−10 dB) is 260 MHz (2320–2570 MHz) and 255 MHz (2340–2595 MHz) at two feed ports, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the antenna has a simple structure and a good omnidirectional CP radiation mode in the 2.45 GHz WLAN band.
Design and techno‐economic analysis of plug‐in electric vehicle‐integrated solar PV charging system for India
Authors: Shrivastava Prashant , Alam Mohammad Saad , Asghar Mohammad Syed Jamil
Published: February 2019

Electrified transportation technology has matured in different parts of the globe. However, this technology is in an advent stage in the Indian market. Due to this fact, a lot more challenges are being encountered in the development of electrified transportation in India; with the scarcity of viable charging stations posing as a significant bottleneck. In this study, the techno‐economic analysis of different solar‐based charging schemes that are available in the existing environment and present a modest, economical and reliable method of charging an electric vehicle (EV))(e.g. e‐rickshaw) through a solar panel that ultimately enhances the driving range and overall reliability of the system has been done. To validate the performance, the prototype of vehicle‐integrated photovoltaic (PV) charging system has been developed and test results are demonstrated. Economic analysis is done based on the yearly average solar irradiance profile in Aligarh, India. Further, this work presents a comparative analysis of CO2 emission for 100 km driving range from the EVs charge by different charging schemes and internal combustion engine vehicles.
Dust-depletion sequences in damped Lyman-α absorbers
Authors: Mattsson Lars , De Cia Annalisa , Andersen Anja C. , Petitjean Patrick
Published: February 2019

Metals in the interstellar medium (ISM) of essentially all types of galaxies are observed to be depleted compared to the expected values. The depletion is most likely due to dust condensation in, for example, cold molecular clouds and various circumstellar and interstellar environments. The relative observed metal abundances should thereby reflect the composition of the ISM dust components. We aim at identifying the most dominant dust species or types, including silicate and iron oxide grains present in the ISM, using recent observations of dust depletion of galaxies at various evolutionary stages. We use the observed elemental abundances in dust of several metals (O, S, Si, Mg, and Fe) in different environments, considering systems with different metallicities and dust content, namely damped Lyman-α absorbers (DLAs) towards quasars and the Galaxy. We derive a possible dust composition by computationally finding the statistically expected elemental abundances in dust assuming a set of key dust species with the iron content as a free parameter. Carbonaceous dust is not considered in the present study. Metallic iron (likely in the form of inclusions in silicate grains) and iron oxides are important components of the mass composition of carbon-free dust. The latter make up a significant mass fraction (~1∕4 in some cases) of the oxygen-bearing dust and there are good reasons to believe that metallic iron constitutes a similar mass fraction of dust. Wüstite (FeO) could be a simple explanation for the depletion of iron and oxygen because it is easily formed. There appears to be no silicate species clearly dominating the silicate mass, but rather a mix of iron-poor as well as iron-rich olivine and pyroxene. To what extent sulphur depletion is due to sulfides remains unclear. In general, there seems to be little evolution of the dust composition (not considering carbonaceous dust) from low-metallicity systems to the Galaxy.
Pronounced morphological changes in a southern active zone on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Hasselmann P. H. , Barucci M. A. , Fornasier S. , Bockelée-Morvan D. , Deshapriya J. D. P. , Feller C. , Sunshine J. , Hoang V. , Sierks H. , Naletto G. , Lamy P. L. , Rodrigo R. , Koschny D. , Davidsson B. , Bertaux J.-L. , Bertini I. , Bodewits D. , Cremonese G. , Da Deppo V. , Debei S. , Fulle M. , Gutierrez P. J. , Güttler C. , Deller J. , Ip W.-H. , Keller H. U. , Lara L. M. , De Cecco M. , Lazzarin M. , López-Moreno J. J. L. , Marzari F. , Shi X. , Tubiana C.
Published: February 2019

A smooth deposit in the southern Khonsu region has been seen in ESA/Rosetta observations as active during the second half of 2015, when the southern summer coincided with the perihelion passage of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). Image color sequences acquired by the OSIRIS instrument in the period of January 2015 to July 2016, pre- and post-perihelion, show the occurrence of several small transient events as well as three massive outbursts (~10 to 1500 tons). High spatial resolution images taken one year and a half apart allowed us to track a variety of sources: the formation of cavities that are 1.3–14 m deep, ice-enriched patches, scarp retraction, and a second 50 m-wide boulder. We then estimated their masses and the dust mass of their corresponding plumes and outbursts. In particular, the deformation left by that boulder and its lack of talus may provide evidence for the lifting and subsequent falling back to the surface of large blocks. We calculate that a minimum vapor production rate of 1.4 × 1024 m−2 s−1 is required to lift such an object. The comparison of the masses that are lost in the new cavities to the dust mass of outbursts gives indirect evidence of highly volatile ice pockets underneath. The spectrophotometric analysis and boulder counting also provides evidence for cavities that formed only 30 m apart with different spectral slopes, two long-standing ice patches, and local variations in the boulder-size frequency distribution. All this points to sub-surface ice pockets with different degrees of depth. Finally, the total mass of the morphological changes compared to most recent calculations of the total released mass by activity on 67P is estimated to be between 1.5 and 4.2%. This means that as many as about 25 similar active zones across the nucleus would be enough to sustain the entire cometary activity.
Latest results from GlueX
Authors: Britton Thomas
Published: February 2019

The GlueX experiment is housed in the newest experimental hall at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Virginia. It was successfully commissioned in 2015 and is in its third year of data taking. GlueX uses a 12 GeV electron beam incident on a diamond radiator, producing a linearly polarized, coherent Bremsstrahlung photon beam. The ultimate goal of GlueX is to search for exotic hybrid mesons (e.g. qq̄g), with either exotic or conventional quantum numbers, whose existence, or lack thereof, would allow for the exploration of the gluon-gluon coupling present in QCD through the manifestation of hadrons with gluonic degrees of freedom. Photo-production at these energies is fairly unexplored and the linear beam polarization allows GlueX to discriminate between various production mechanisms which may be an effective way to identify such exotic hybrid mesons. In addition to exotic mesons, GlueX will also be poised to map out the conventional meson spectrum and to study the spectrum of excited vector mesons, which are often poorly understood. In these proceedings, we will present an overview of the GlueX experiment, its goals, current physics results, and future plans.
Aspects of baryon spectroscopy at ELSA
Authors: Schmieden Hartmut
Published: February 2019

A renaissance in hadron specroscopy in both meson and baryon sectors was triggered by the discovery of the enigmatic X, Y, Z states. Meanwhile, the discussion on unconventional quark-gluon compositions to understand their internal structure expanded to baryonic states in the charm sector, i.e. the pentaquark candidates observed at LHCb. Old problems and recent findings in the strange sector may suggest similar structures to exist there as well. In this light recent results and the ongoing new BGO-OD experiment at ELSA are discussed.
Triangle singularity in the γp → pπ0η reaction ??
Authors: Metag Volker , Nanova Mariana
Published: February 2019

The γp → pπ0η reaction has been studied with the CBELSA/TAPS detector system to search for experimental evidence for triangle singularities. Kinematically these singularities exist in the decay chain Δ* → ηΔ(1232) → ηπ0 p but do not show an experimental effect because of the weakness of the π0 − η interaction at low \sqrt s near threshold far below the a0(980) resonance.
Recent results of quarkonium and heavy flavour physics at ATLAS
Authors: Song Weimin
Published: February 2019

Heavy quark spectroscopy and exotic states are studied with the ATLAS detector, mainly through final states containing muon pairs from J/ψ decays. This proceedings will summarise recent results from ATLAS on these topics, including production of quarkonium and heavy flavour, searches for exotic states and measurements of decay properties in open beauty production.
New results on charmonium like states at Belle
Authors: Lalwani Kavita
Published: February 2019

New results on charmonium-like states measured by the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric e+e- collider are presented, in particular (a) Search for the Zc pair production in $\Upsilon (1{\rm{S}}),\,\Upsilon (2S)$ decays and in e+e- $\sqrt s $ of 10.52, 10.58, and 10.867 GeV. (b) Measurement of the absolute branching fractions of ${B^ + } \to {X_{c\overline c }}{K^ + }$ decays. (c) Observation of Ξc(2930)0 in the updated measurement of ${B^ - } \to {K^ - }{\Lambda _c}{\overline \Lambda _{\overline c }}.$ (d) Angular analysis of ${e^ + }{e^ - } \to {D^{(*) \pm }}{D^{* \mp }}$ process near the open charm threshold using initial state radiation.
a0(980)–f0(980) mixing in χc1 decay
Authors: Bayar M , Debastiani V. R.
Published: February 2019

We investigate the isospin breaking in the ${\chi _{c1}} \to {\pi ^0}{\pi ^ + }{\pi ^ - }$ and ${\chi _{c1}} \to {\pi ^0}{\pi ^0}\eta $ decays and its relation to the a0(980) – f0(980) mixing, which was measured by the BESIII Collaboration. The isospin violation is introduced through the use of different masses for the charged and neutral kaons, either in the propagators of pairs of mesons created in the χc1 decay, or in the propagators inside the T matrix. We find that the most important effect in the total amplitude is the isospin breaking inside the T matrix which is essential to get a good agreement with the experimental measurement of the mixing.
Scalar dipole dynamical polarizabilities from real Compton scattering data
Authors: Sconfietti S. , Pasquini B. , Pedroni P.
Published: February 2019

We present an extraction of the scalar dipole dynamical polarizabilities from proton real Compton scattering (RCS) data below pion-production threshold. The theoretical approach relies on dispersion relations, and on the low-energy expansion and multipole expansion of the scattering amplitude. The statistical analysis is based on the parametric bootstrap technique, that revealed to be crucial to deal with problems inherent to both the low sensitivity of the RCS cross section to the energy dependence of the dynamical polarizabilities and the poor accuracy of the available data sets.
The JISP16 potential applied to the nucleon induced deuteron breakup process
Authors: Soloviov Volodymyr , Golak Jacek , Skibiński Roman , Topolnicki Kacper , Volkotrub Yuriy , Witała Henryk
Published: February 2019

The JISP16 nucleon-nucleon potential is applied to investigate the nucleon induced deuteron breakup reaction at energies E=13 and 65 MeV. Our study reveals that this force delivers, in general, a qualitatively similar description of the exclusive cross section for the studied reaction to the one based on the standard realistic nucleon-nucleon AV18 interaction. However, in some regions of the phase space the differential cross sections based on the JISP16 and on the AV18 forces differ by more than 100% and 50% at E=13 MeV and E=65 MeV, respectively. Such specific parts of the phase space can be used to fine-tune the JISP16 potential parameters.
Phase shift and spectral function from PWA
Authors: Man Lo Pok
Published: February 2019

I illustrate a robust method for extracting an effective phase shift and an effective spectral weight for a coupled-channel system. These quantities are useful for describing the thermodynamics of an interacting hadron gas within the S-matrix formulation.
Online Astronomy for Formal and Informal Learners
Authors: Impey Chris , Wenger Matthew
Published: February 2019

An increasing amount of formal and informal education is being delivered online. A majority of college students in the U.S. are now taking one or more courses online or flipped (video lectures online, hands-on activities or labs in the classroom). Meanwhile, massive open online classes, or MOOCs, are transforming the landscape of informal science learning. In contrast to university classes, MOOCs have low completion rates and involve “free choice” learners who are typically adults with jobs, rather than full time students. Based on several years of experience of teaching astronomy online, lessons have been learned on how to engage students in the asynchronous and “disembodied” environment. For non-science students taking an introductory astronomy course, flipped models optimize interactions by putting the lectures online and allowing classroom time to be used entirely for labs, discussion, and small group activities. Research has shown that normalized learning gains are greatest in such learner-centered classes. We have enrolled over 110,000 learners from 150 countries in two astronomy MOOCs: a Udemy course called “Astronomy: State of the Art” and a Coursera offering called “Astronomy: Exploring Time and Space.” The core content is a set of video lectures, augmented by quizzes, activities, and peer writing assignments. We have a large amount of research data on learner demographics and motivations, and on the types of engagement that correlate with completing the courses. In a peer writing assignment, the learners comment on recent discoveries in astronomy. A rubric and a model answer are provided, and each person grades writing of three other learners. Learners who complete either the first activity or the first peer writing assignment are highly engaged in online discussions and social media, completing the course at a rate ten times higher than average.
Development of Teaching Materials for Teachers about Small Astronomical Telescopes
Authors: Ohyama Masamitsu
Published: February 2019

Textbooks used in elementary and junior high schools must be written based on the Courses of Study in Japan. Science textbooks show observation of the moon and the sun using a small astronomical telescope. However, most in-service teachers have never used an astronomical telescope. Teachers have to use it safely to secure the safety of pupils, students, and teachers. I examined wrong and unsafe acts while in-service teachers and students assembled astronomical telescopes. Then I developed digital teaching materials for teachers including risks caused by wrong acts.
Astronomy: learning theories applicable for education in planetarium environment
Authors: Kovalenko Nataliya
Published: February 2019

How do people learn in general and study astronomy in particular? To develop a coherent educational policy we need an appropriate theory. Does learning consist of the incremental addition of individual “bits” of information into the mind? Or is learning an active process that transforms the mind of the learner? Among different theories on how people learn are: Behaviorism, Neuroscience, Right Brain vs. Left Brain, Communities of Practice, Control Theory, Observational Learning (Social learning theory), Vygotsky and Social Cognition, Learning Styles, Piaget's theory, Constructivism, Brain-based Learning, Multiple Intelligences. These theories are described in brief. All of the above mentioned learning theories may be applicable to some extent in the case of astronomy education in a planetarium environment. Especially the Multiple Intelligences theory can be tested perfectly while teaching in Planetarium and thus should be taken into more thorough consideration. It is discussed what a planetarium may offer to the audience with different types of intelligences, according to the Multiple Intelligences approach.
4-year Astrobiology Teaching Experience in an Astronomy Department
Authors: Bozkurt Zeynep
Published: February 2019

Astrobiology is a multidisciplinary field related to the sciences of Astronomy, Chemistry, Biology and Geology. An optional Astrobiology course has been taught in the Astronomy department of Ege University (Turkey) since 2013. The main objectives of this introductory course are to introduce and familiarize the astronomy students to the fundamentals of astrobiology. In this study, 4-year teaching experience of Astrobiology course has been examined. Course objectives, teaching methods, learning activities and evaluation methods were discussed. To evaluate the students’ learning experiences and knowledge gains anonymous surveys and knowledge assessments were used. Furthermore, additional surveys were made to understand the interests and tendencies of the students in chosing this optional course.
Examination of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Setlak Lucjan , Kowalik Rafał
Published: February 2019

The contemporary interdisciplinary field of knowledge, which is the robotics used in unmanned aerial vehicles, is developing very dynamically. In view of the above, the authors of this paper have set themselves the following thesis: it is possible to build a flying mobile robot based on a controller with low computing power and a simple PID controller, and in this respect they undertook to prove it. The examined object in real experiments was the Quadrocopter. The article discusses the tasks implemented during the design and practical implementation of a remotely controlled flying unit. First, a mathematical model describing the dynamics of the UAV movement was defined. Then, electronic components were selected to allow the quadrocopter to fly. The board has a central unit in the form of the ATmega644PA microcontroller. In the following, the process of programming subsequent elements that make up the quadrocopter control program was carried out. The control system for stabilizing the machine requires information about the location of the quadrocopter in space. This is accomplished by a measurement module containing an accelerometer and a gyroscope. In addition, the quadrocopter needs information about the potential operator's commands. In the final part of the article, based on the analysis of the research subject, the mathematical model created and the necessary simulation tests carried out in this area, practical conclusions were presented.
Findings Annihilator(s) via Fault Injection Attack (FIA) on Boolean Function of Grain v0
Authors: Ariffin Muhammad Rezal Kamel , Omar@Othman Wan Zariman , Shamsuddin Solahuddin , Mahad Zahari , Jawi Suhairi Mohd
Published: February 2019

In developing stream cipher algorithms, Boolean function is one of vital elements. Attacks on LFSR-based stream cipher is the challenge for the cryptanalyst to get low-degree annihilator(s). In this paper, we proposed Fault Injection Attack (FIA) on Boolean function of Grain v0, which is the original variant of Grain family algorithm. Fault injection attack (FIA) is used on Boolean function of Grain v0 by replacing certain coefficient with value of one (1) which results in the generation of several injected Boolean functions. With these injected Boolean function, we proceed using HAO’s algorithm to find annihilator(s). As a result, we obtained several new annihilator(s) of Grain v0’s Boolean function. This new annihilator(s) will be utilized to launch algebraic attacks upon Grain v0.
Numerical investigation of the three-dimensional velocity fields induced by wave-structure interaction
Authors: Cannata Giovanni , Gallerano Francesco , Palleschi Federica , Petrelli Chiara , Barsi Luca
Published: February 2019

Submerged shore-parallel breakwaters for coastal defence are a good compromise between the need to mitigate the effects of waves on the coast and the ambition to ensure the preservation of the landscape and water quality. In this work we simulate, in a fully three-dimensional form, the hydrodynamic effects induced by submerged breakwaters on incident wave trains with different wave height. The proposed three-dimensional non-hydrostatic finite-volume model is based on an integral form of the Navier-Stokes equations in σ-coordinates and is able to simulate the shocks in the numerical solution related to the wave breaking. The obtained numerical results show that the hydrodynamic phenomena produced by wave-structure interaction have features of three-dimensionality (undertow), that are locally important, and emphasize the need to use a non-hydrostatic fully-three-dimensional approach.
Analysis and Development Forecast of O2C Model
Authors: Jiang Wenrong
Published: February 2019

O2C English can name office to the customer can be interpreted as enterprise customers on hand for customized services. At the same time O2C English can also be full name online configuration, translation online configuration mode of electronic business affairs, its meaning is the customized products from the store moved to the Internet, by app or web online platform to implement the product sales configuration, such as cabinets, wardrobe and other furniture products. This paper mainly introduces the burning van Persie, good cook this two big Chinese custom platform, and this platform is a typical analysis of the A class of O2C platforms is currently in the environment and new direction.
HTML5 Based Ajax and SSE Technology with Server Intelligent Instant Messaging to Meet the Needs of Transactional Websites
Authors: Li Shuangyuan
Published: February 2019

With the continuous development of science and technology, Internet technology has been quietly affect the mode of transmission, traditional web site information data only through the web page to load when it is open, need to update the web page information can only be accomplished by way of a page refresh. In today's efficient informatization environment, has highlighted its problems, restricted information updated timely. In this paper, the new Internet programming language of HTML5 is combined with Ajax and SSE technology to study intelligent instant messaging and realize the new application mode.
Research on Urban Logistics Competitiveness in Fujian Province Based on Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Wei Hongmao
Published: February 2019

As an important province in the southeast coastal area, Fujian is composed of 9 cities. Due to various economic, political and geographical influences, the logistics development of these cities is uneven. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the competitiveness of urban logistics, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of urban logistics competitiveness. Factor analysis is used to evaluate the logistics competitiveness index of each city in Fujian Province, and the comprehensive score and ranking of the logistics competitiveness of each city are obtained. Cluster analysis is used to divide 9 cities in Fujian into 4 categories, and the reasons for the results are analyzed.
On Intellectual Property Right Protection of Hyperlinks Infringement in China
Authors: Feng Zehua
Published: February 2019

Hyperlink technology is an important technology for the dissemination of information in era of internet. With the rapid development of the network economy, various types of hyperlink technology are applied more frequently. Website operators also pay more attention to the ownership of their own network information resources and the protection of commercial interests. From the point of view of the protection of hyperlink technology, it has been regarded as an intellectual property right. Therefore, starting from different types of hyperlink technology and combining with the existing Copyright Law, Trademark Law and Anti-Unfair Competition Law, this paper reiterates the principles and standards of liability fixation for hyperlink infringement, which can provide countermeasures for website operators to resolve related infringement disputes.
Analysis and Development Forecast of Water Resources in China
Authors: Ning E
Published: February 2019

Based on the background of water shortage in Ningxia region, this paper studies the current situation and development prediction of water resources in China and establishes a regression analysis mode. Firstly, the current situation and major problems of water resources development and utilization in China were analyzed with Excel. Secondly, the regression model is established to predict the total national water consumption in 2020 and 2030, the results of the model prediction are compared with the national goals of 2020 and 2030. Finally, the ARIMA model was established by SPSS software to predict the time series and obtain the national and provincial water resource management and control and development trends in 2020 and 2030.
Talking about the Application of High-tech Elements in the Innovative Design of Daily-use Ceramics
Authors: Yu Fei
Published: February 2019

The relationship between technology and design is an eternal discussion as well as controversial topic. In the innovative design of daily-use ceramics, the advancement of technology has brought a lot of room for development in this field. This article will elaborate some effective combination of high-tech technology in daily-use ceramic design in the following four aspects: the combination of electronic technology and daily-use ceramics; the application of double-layer thermal insulation ceramics in the molding process; the analysis of the application of materials such as temperature-sensitive inks and the intervention of new healthy elements such as biochemical materials in the processing technology and surface treatment. Through these aspects to explore the current breakthrough in the design of daily-use ceramics.
In situ observation on microstructure evolution of 22MnB5 in hot stamping process
Authors: Kong Ling , Peng Yan
Published: February 2019

High temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to investigate the microstructure evolution of high-strength boron steel 22MnB5 during hot stamping. The experimental results show that it is complete austenitized at temperatures about 810 °C during the heating process. Most of the initial austenite grain size is small and locally coarse. At 920 °C to 1000 °C, the phenomenon of B remelted and solidified was observed which played a very good pinning role at the austenite grain boundary, preventing coarsening of austenite grains. The segregation of B and the addition of Mn result in a significant reduction in both the minimum boron reverse melt content and the final solidification temperature. In the continuous cooling stage, martensitic transformation occurs at the cooling rate of 60 °C/s, and the martensite start point is 400 °C and martensite finish point is 280 °C. A large number of bursts are concentrated from 380 °C to 330 °C. There are two main forms of martensitic transformation: first, martensite begins to appear at the coarse austenite grain boundary, and grows transgranularly. Second, the new martensite laths starts from the previously formed laths and grows at a certain angle into the austenite grains. The main factor in the increase of martensite in continuous cooling is the formation of variable temperature martensite rather than the growth of martensite laths. At the cooling rate of 20 °C/s, the bainite and ferrite transformation appeared and the conversion temperature of bainite was about 600 °C. The cooling speed has a great influence on the performance of the 22MnB5 hot stamping component. The room temperature microhardness at cooling rates of 5 °C/s, 20 °C/s, and 60 °C/s was 194 HV, 243 HV, and 430 HV, respectively. Therefore, ensuring sufficient cooling rate is a key condition for obtaining ultra-high strength hot stamping components.
Management of the dento-periodontomuscular imbalances in the incisor–canine mandibular region by labiomental weakening surgery and corticotomy
Authors: Chillès J.-G. , Riemenschneider-Chillès S. , Doustkam A.-A. , Chillès D.
Published: February 2019

Incisor and canine mandibular regions are a key mechanical vault, which strives with strong muscle
and occlusal centripetal forces. In cases of dental and / or periodontal weakness and / or excessive
mechanical
stress, situations of imbalance can affect the stability of orthodontic treatments and
periodontal
durability.

This article reports two surgical techniques to prevent and treat these situations:

The labiomental weakening in growing children and adolescents;

Alveolar corticotomy with vestibular allograft bone in adults;

Both techniques allow functional management of mechanical imbalance, improvement of the periodontal biotype, and promote lower incisors’ relocation.
Other interesting effects of alveolar corticotomies in orthodontics apart from the acceleration of tooth movement
Authors: Gellee T. , Ouadi E. , Ejeil A.-L. , Moreau N.
Published: February 2019

The acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement due to alveolar corticotomies has been well documented in the literature. It is defined by a phenomenon of transient osteopenia named “the regional acceleratory phenomenon” by Frost. This biological mechanism has been described in studies on both humans and animals. However, other interesting effects in orthodontics are associated with alveolar corticotomies: higher amplitude of tooth movements, a decrease of the root resorptions and an increase of stability after orthodontic treatment.
Investigation of pre-flare dynamics using the weighted horizontal magnetic gradient method: From small to major flare classes
Authors: Korsós Marianna B. , Yang Shuhong , Erdélyi Robertus
Published: February 2019

There is a wide range of eruptions in the solar atmosphere which contribute to space weather, including the major explosions of radiation known as flares. To examine pre-event behavior in δ-spot regions, we use here a method based on the weighted horizontal gradient of magnetic field (WGM), defined between opposite polarity umbrae at the polarity inversion line of active regions (ARs) as measured using from the Debrecen Heliophysical Observatory catalogues. In this work, we extend the previous analysis of high-energy flares to include both medium (M) and low-energy (C and B) flares. First, we found a logarithmic relationship between the log value of highest flare class intensity (from B- to X-class) in a δ-spot AR and the maximum value of WGM of the 127 ARs investigated. We confirm a trend in the convergence-divergence phase of the barycenters of opposite polarities in the vicinity of the polarity inversion line. The extended sample, (i) affirms the linear connection between the durations of the convergence-divergence phases of barycenters of opposite polarities in δ-spot regions up to flare occurrence and (ii) provides a geometric constraint for the location of flare emission around the polarity inversion line. The method provides a tool to possibly estimate the likelihood of a subsequent flare of the same or larger energy.
Mittelhandfraktur aus Klientensicht
Authors: Jasinski Darius
Published: February 2019

Dariusz Jasinski war stets sportlich aktiv, bis er sich bei einem Fahrradunfall zwei Mittelhandknochen brach. Danach musste er seine körperlichen Aktivitäten einschränken, denn nach der operativen Versorgung blieben Belastungsschmerzen zurück. Erst anderthalb Jahre nach dem Unfall verordnete ein Orthopäde Ergotherapie – und die Ursache seiner Schmerzen wurde endlich aufgedeckt.
Gelungene Kooperation – Schulbasierte Ergotherapie
Authors: Gede Heike , Buthke Fritz
Published: February 2019

Kindern und Jugendlichen die Teilhabe am Schulleben zu ermöglichen ist das Ziel inklusiver Bildung. Schulbasierte Ergotherapie setzt dort an und befähigt sie dazu, Schulbetätigungen zufriedenstellend auszuführen. Heike Gede und Fritz Buthke zeigen anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen, wie eine erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit zwischen Therapie und Schule gelingen kann.
Gleichgewichtsdiagnostik im Spitzensport am Beispiel von
Wasserspringern
Authors: Lauenroth Andreas , Reinhardt Lars , Schulze Stephan , Kurz Eduard , Schwesig René
Published: February 2019

Die Haltungs- und Gleichgewichtsregulation gehört in vielen Sportarten zu einer
wesentlichen Leistungsvoraussetzung. Wissenschaftliche Datenerhebungen, die den
Trainer aktiv in der Beurteilung und Betreuung der Athleten unterstützen sollen,
finden diesbezüglich selten statt. Am Beispiel von Wasserspringern beschreiben
die Autoren, wie sie bei Kader-Athleten Auffälligkeiten entdecken und
entsprechende Interventionen ableiten.
2 Flow Chemistry System Design and Automation
Authors: Coley C. W. , Imbrogno J. , Mo Y. , Thomas D. A. , Jensen K. F.
Published: February 2019

Organic chemistry performed in continuous-flow equipment, flow chemistry, has emerged as a complementary tool to traditional batch synthesis. This chapter describes typical components of a flow chemistry platform (e.g., pumps, mixers, reactors, and separators), reviews reaction engineering fundamentals as they apply to flow chemistry (e.g., mixing, dispersions, mass and heat transfer), summarizes laboratory and production reactors for single-phase, multiphase, thermal, photochemical, and electrochemical reactions, and describes strategies for separation with a focus on extraction. The chapter also reviews systems for multistep reactions along with integrated flow platforms comprising flow reactors, analytics, and computer control for automation, screening, and optimization.