bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Microstructure and Stability of Precipitation in SIMP Steel Irradiated with Energetic Fe Ions
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Authors: Fang Xue-Song , Shen Tie-Long , Cui Ming-Huan , Jin Peng , Li Bing-Sheng , Zhu Ya-Bin , Wang Zhi-Guang
Published: November 2017

A type of home-made reduced activation martensitic steel, high silicon (SIMP) steel, is homogeneously irradiated with energetic Fe ions to the doses of 0.1, 0.25 and 1 displacement per atom (dpa), respectively, at 300°C and 1 dpa, at 400°C. Microstructural changes are investigated in detail by transmission electron microscopy with cross-section technique. Interstitial defects and defect clusters induced by Fe-ion irradiation are observed in all the specimens under different conditions. It is found that with increasing irradiation temperature, size of defect clusters increases while the density drops quickly. The results of element chemical mapping from the STEM images indicate that the Si element enrichment and Ta element depletion occur inside the precipitates in the matrix of SIMP steel irradiated to a dose of 1 dpa at 300°C. Correlations between the microstructure and irradiation conditions are briefly discussed.
On Absolutely Normal and Continued Fraction Normal Numbers
Authors: Becher Verónica , Yuhjtman Sergio A
Published: November 2017

We give a construction of a real number that is normal to all integer bases and continued fraction normal. The computation of the first n digits of its continued fraction expansion performs in the order of n4 mathematical operations. The construction works by defining successive refinements of appropriate subintervals to achieve, in the limit, simple normality to all integer bases and continued fraction normality. The main difficulty is to control the length of these subintervals. To achieve this we adapt and combine known metric theorems on continued fractions and on expansions in integers bases.
Coupled Kähler–Einstein Metrics
Authors: Hultgren Jakob , Witt Nyström D
Published: November 2017

We propose new types of canonical metrics on Kähler manifolds, called coupled Kähler–Einstein metrics, generalizing Kähler–Einstein metrics. We prove existence and uniqueness results in the cases when the canonical bundle is ample and when the manifold is Kähler–Einstein Fano. In the Fano case, we also prove that existence of coupled Kähler–Einstein metrics imply a certain algebraic stability condition, generalizing K-polystability.
Therapeutic target database update 2018: enriched resource for facilitating bench-to-clinic research of targeted therapeutics
Authors: Li Ying Hong , Yu Chun Yan , Li Xiao Xu , Zhang Peng , Tang Jing , Yang Qingxia , Fu Tingting , Zhang Xiaoyu , Cui Xuejiao , Tu Gao , Zhang Yang , Li Shuang , Yang Fengyuan , Sun Qiu , Qin Chu , Zeng Xian , Chen Zhe , Chen Yu Zong , Zhu Feng
Published: November 2017

Extensive efforts have been directed at the discovery, investigation and clinical monitoring of targeted therapeutics. These efforts may be facilitated by the convenient access of the genetic, proteomic, interactive and other aspects of the therapeutic targets. Here, we describe an update of the Therapeutic target database (TTD) previously featured in NAR. This update includes: (i) 2000 drug resistance mutations in 83 targets and 104 target/drug regulatory genes, which are resistant to 228 drugs targeting 63 diseases (49 targets of 61 drugs with patient prevalence data); (ii) differential expression profiles of 758 targets in the disease-relevant drug-targeted tissue of 12 615 patients of 70 diseases; (iii) expression profiles of 629 targets in the non-targeted tissues of 2565 healthy individuals; (iv) 1008 target combinations of 1764 drugs and the 1604 target combination of 664 multi-target drugs; (v) additional 48 successful, 398 clinical trial and 21 research targets, 473 approved, 812 clinical trial and 1120 experimental drugs, and (vi) ICD-10-CM and ICD-9-CM codes for additional 482 targets and 262 drugs against 98 disease conditions. This update makes TTD more useful for facilitating the patient focused research, discovery and clinical investigations of the targeted therapeutics. TTD is accessible at http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/ttd/ttd.asp.
A Six-Year Investigation of the Dynamics of Avirulence Allele Profiles, Blackleg Incidence, and Mating Type Alleles ofLeptosphaeria maculansPopulations Associated with Canola Crops in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Fernando W. G. Dilantha , Zhang Xuehua , Selin Carrie , Zou Zhongwei , Liban Sakaria H. , McLaren Debra L. , Kubinec Anastasia , Parks Paula S. , Rashid M. Harunur , Padmathilake K. Rasanie E. , Rong Lihua , Yang Cunchun , Gnanesh Belaghihalli N. , Huang Shuanglong
Published: November 2017

Blackleg, caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is one of the most economically important diseases of canola (Brassica napus, oilseed rape) worldwide. This study assessed incidence of blackleg, the avirulence allele, and mating type distributions of L. maculans isolates collected in commercial canola fields in Manitoba, Canada, from 2010 to 2015. A total of 956 L. maculans isolates were collected from 2010 to 2015 to determine the presence of 12 avirulence alleles using differential canola cultivars and/or PCR assays specific for each avirulence allele. AvrLm2, AvrLm4, AvrLm5, AvrLm6, AvrLm7, AvrLm11, and AvrLmS were detected at frequencies ranging from 97 to 33%, where the AvrLm1, AvrLm3, AvrLm9, AvrLepR1, and AvrLepR2 alleles were the least abundant. When the race structure was examined, a total of 170 races were identified among the 956 isolates, with three major races, AvrLm-2-4-5-6-7-11, AvrLm-2-4-5-6-7-11-S, and Avr-1-4-5-6-7-11-(S) accounting for 15, 10, and 6% of the total fungal population, respectively. The distribution of the mating type alleles (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2) indicated that sexual reproduction was not inhibited in any of the nine Manitoba regions in any of the years L. maculans isolates were collected.
Habitual Snoring at Age 3 Years: Links with Parent-Rated Remembering in Daily Life and Academic Achievement at Age 7 Years
Authors: Luo Rebekah , Galland Barbara C. , Gill Amelia I. , Dawes Patrick , Schaughency Elizabeth
Published: November 2017

Objective:

Habitual snoring in school-aged children is well known to link with poorer cognitive functioning and academic performance, but few studies have explored later developmental outcomes related to snoring initiated in early childhood. The aims of this study were to examine whether habitual snoring at age 3 years predicted perceived memory and academic functioning at age 7 years.

Methods:

Parents (n = 460) of children aged 7 years 2 ± 5 months completed a community follow-up survey about their perceptions of their child's sleep and health, memory in daily activities, and academic performance relevant to numeracy and literacy skills. The first survey was completed by 839 parents 4 years prior when children were aged 3 years (54.8% response rate at age 7 years). Parents rated their child's academic performance twice. First, they rated performance based on teachers' feedback relative to national standard ratings for numeracy and literacy, and second, based on their own observations.

Results:

Children reported to snore habitually at age 3 years received lower memory and academic composite score ratings at age 7 years. Age 3 years habitual snoring history predicted small but significant unique variation in age 7 years memory (p = 0.005), literacy (p < 0.001), and overall achievement ratings (p = 0.016) in regressions controlling for covariates, with evidence suggesting that memory may mediate links between snoring history and academic performance.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that habitual snoring in early childhood may adversely affect success in beginning schooling. More research is still needed to determine the best time for treatment so that longer-term consequences of sleep-disordered breathing may be prevented.
Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Inspiratory Capacity During 6-min Walk Test in Patients With COPD
Authors: Spielmanns Marc , Boeselt Tobias , Nell Christoph , Eckhoff Jenny , Koczulla Rembert Andreas , Magnet Fridericke Sophie , Storre Jan Hendrik , Windisch Wolfram , Baum Klaus
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

Purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program on the measured inspiratory capacity (IC) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) while performing a 6-min walk test (6MWT).

Methods:

Before and after PR, IC was measured by spirometry both at the beginning and at the end of the 6MWT for 15 patients with COPD in the PR group (PRG) and compared with a similar calisthenics training group (CTG; n = 15). In addition, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and other lung function tests were recorded and compared.

Results:

Both groups were not significantly different at baseline. Compared with the CTG, the PRG achieved a significant increase in the delta of IC measured during the 6MWT (0.5 ± 0.2 L [PRG] vs −0.2 + 0.2 L [CTG], P = .001). Significant differences were found for the 6MWT walking distance (PRG: 99 ± 36 m vs CTG: 5 ± 25 m, P = .001). No significant increase in dyspnea while performing the 6MWT was found in either group. The differences in the CAT score and the SGRQ Global score were significant only for the PRG in intragroup comparisons, whereas the intergroup comparison showed no significant differences. Except for residual volume, no significant changes in all parameters of the static lung function tests were observed in either group.

Conclusion:

Participation in a PR may lead to a significant and clinically relevant increase in IC and the walking distance. Additional research is necessary to define the effects of this increase in IC on exercise capacity.
Effect of Smoking Status on Exercise Perception and Intentions for Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrollment Among Patients Hospitalized With an Acute Cardiac Condition
Authors: Riley Hayden , Headley Samuel , Winter Christa , Mazur Sara , Gaalema Diann E. , Goff Sarah , Lindenauer Peter K. , Pack Quinn R.
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) attendance has been associated with higher smoking cessation (SC) rates. However, for unclear reasons, smokers are consistently less likely to enroll in CR than nonsmokers, and it is uncertain what might encourage them to attend.

Methods:

We surveyed patients eligible for CR who were cigarette smokers at the time of hospital admission. We assessed patient intention to quit smoking, start exercising, and enroll in CR. We also measured anxiety and depression levels.

Results:

Of the 105 patients approached, 81 (77%) completed the survey (69% males, aged 57 ± 10 y, 72% white). Most patients reported interest in SC (80%) and attending CR (78%). Many felt that SC medications (41%), stress management programs (35%), and an exercise program with SC counseling (30%) would increase their likelihood to attend CR; however, 30% stated that they would be less likely to enroll in CR if they continued smoking following discharge. Many patients indicated high levels of anxiety (51%) and depression (27%); many desired to reduce stress following discharge (73%), with 35% stating that stress management programs would increase their likelihood to attend CR.

Conclusions:

Hospitalized smokers eligible for CR report significant interest in SC, attending CR, and beginning an exercise program. These patients show high levels of anxiety and depression and indicate a strong interest in stress management programs. These results suggest that messages emphasizing the role of CR in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress are likely to resonate with smokers, increase their enrollment in CR, and support long-term SC.
Exploring the Views of Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on the Use of Rollators
Authors: Holz Alanna , Bennett Amanda , Freethy Amber , Rossi Nadia , Tanzos Megan , Goldstein Roger , Brooks Dina , Harrison Samantha L.
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

Although it has been well documented that the progressive exercise limitation associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be helped with an assistive device, such as a rollator, many individuals use it infrequently. This study seeks to explore the views of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease regarding the use of rollators.

Methods:

A qualitative study design was used. Twelve individuals with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were recruited from an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program to participate in semistructured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was applied.

Results:

Analysis revealed 5 themes: (1) “acquiring a rollator” reflecting the process of obtaining a device either via a health care professional or self-referral; (2) “acceptance versus resistance” describing opposing views regarding rollator usage; (3) “rollator roadblocks” describing practical barriers to use; (4) “participation” reflecting how rollators can promote reintegration into society; and (5) “revising perceptions” whereby participants embodied an eventual acceptance of rollators.

Conclusion:

Rollator acquisition appeared to be a unilateral, prescriptive process. Individuals described initial resistance to use, although in the long-term, negative perceptions were outweighed by the functional and social benefits of rollator use. Encouraging users to participate in deciding whether to use a rollator and providing adequate education on its indications, benefits, barriers, and facilitators are likely to promote optimal use of a rollator.
Early-onset Neonatal Pneumococcal Sepsis: A Fatal Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: Jarovsky Daniel , Marchetti Ivan Cese , da Silva Mori Mariana Alves , de Souza Ricardo Magalhães , Almeida Flávia Jacqueline , Sáfadi Marco Aurélio Palazzi , Berezin Eitan Naaman
Published: November 2017

Sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is rare in neonates although associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report a fatal case of invasive pneumococcal disease in a term neonate whose mother was healthy and did not receive any pneumococcal vaccine. Investigation of the infection source yielded negative results. Acquisition of infection through the birth canal was considered unlikely.
A Mysterious Case of a Breast Lump in a Woman From the Philippines
Authors: Rennert-May Elissa , Dixit Devika
Published: November 2017

We present the case of a 74-year-old woman who recently emigrated from the Philippines to Canada, with an unusual etiology for her breast lump. Based on review of breast histopathology by a pathologist, as well as parasitology specialist and clinical history, the causative organism of this breast lump was Schistosoma japonicum. This is an uncommon manifestation of schistosomiasis, which causes more than 40 million clinical infections annually.
Medicaid Coverage of Methadone Maintenance and the Use of Opioid Agonist Therapy Among Pregnant Women in Specialty Treatment
Authors: Bachhuber Marcus A. , Mehta Pooja K. , Faherty Laura J. , Saloner Brendan
Published: November 2017

Background:

Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is the standard of care for pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD). Medicaid coverage policies may strongly influence OAT use in this group.

Objective:

To examine the association between Medicaid coverage of methadone maintenance and planned use of OAT in the publicly funded treatment system.

Research Design:

Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of treatment admissions in 30 states extracted from the Treatment Episode Data Set (2013 and 2014).

Subjects:

Medicaid-insured pregnant women with OUD (n=3354 treatment admissions).

Measures:

The main outcome measure was planned use of OAT on admission. The main exposure was state Medicaid coverage of methadone maintenance. Using multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic, substance use, and treatment characteristics, we compared the probability of planned OAT use in states with Medicaid coverage of methadone maintenance versus states without coverage.

Results:

A total of 71% of pregnant women admitted to OUD treatment were 18–29 years old, 85% were white non-Hispanic, and 56% used heroin. Overall, 74% of admissions occurred in the 18 states with Medicaid coverage of methadone maintenance and 53% of admissions involved planned use of OAT. Compared with states without Medicaid coverage of methadone maintenance, admissions in states with coverage were significantly more likely to involve planned OAT use (adjusted difference: 32.9 percentage points, 95% confidence interval, 19.2–46.7).

Conclusions:

Including methadone maintenance in the Medicaid benefit is essential to increasing OAT among pregnant women with OUD and should be considered a key policy strategy to enhance outcomes for mothers and newborns.
Valgus Hindfoot Deformity Secondary to Neonatal Intravenous Infiltration
Authors: Villarreal Eric D. , Konofaos Petros , Kelly Derek M.
Published: November 2017

Orthopedic complications of intravenous (IV) infiltration are rare, with only a handful of cases reported in the literature. Because of the relatively high rate of IV infiltration in neonates, however, such complications do occur and can include growth arrest, limb length discrepancy, and joint deformities that require surgical intervention. The risk of these complications is highest in preterm neonates. A 7-year-old girl presented to our institution with a severe valgus hindfoot deformity that developed secondary to a neonatal IV infiltration injury. Management consisted of a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy followed 5 years later by a triple arthrodesis, Strayer procedure, and free flap transfer.
Internal Distraction Resulted in Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes for Midface Hypoplasia
Authors: Hindin David I. , Muetterties Corbin E. , Lee Justine C. , Kumar Anand , Kawamoto Henry K. , Bradley James P.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Both internal and external distraction devices have been used successfully in correcting midface hypoplasia. Although the indication for surgery and the osteotomy techniques may be similar, deciding when to use internal versus external devices has not been studied. The authors studied patient-reported outcomes with FACE-Q and functional surveys for internal and external devices for midface distraction patients.

Methods:

Patients who underwent distraction advancement after Le Fort I and Le Fort III were surveyed using the FACE-Q survey and a functional survey. Equal groups of internal and external device patients were compared (n = 64). Data recorded included: sex, age, follow-up, diagnosis, operating room time, expected blood loss, length of stay, distraction length, consolidation time, and complications.

Results:

Internal and external device groups were similar with regards to patient diagnosis, operative time, expected blood loss, distraction length but consolidation times differed (internal = 3.6 versus external = 1.1 months). For FACE-Q appearance appraisal, there were similarities in domain and scale. For the functional survey (airway/breathing, ocular/vision, occlusion/eating, speech/articulation), there was also similar scoring. However, internal device patients had superior FACE-Q scores for Quality of Life: Social Function (80.9 versus 68.9), Early Life Impact (92.9 versus 62.4), Dental Anxiety (70.2 versus 48.3), Psychological Well-being (87.8 versus 68.6); and Decision Satisfaction (81.2 versus 56.9) and Outcome Satisfaction (91.0 versus 84.7).

Conclusions:

Internal and external midface distraction patients had similar patient-reported outcomes for appearance and functional improvement; however, internal device patients were more satisfied with their quality of life and their decision to undergo the procedure.
A Personal Approach to Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Austen William Gerald , Gfrerer Lisa , Lewis Michael B.
Published: November 2017

Dr Michael B. Lewis has been using his personal approach to bilateral cleft lip (BCL) repair for 30 years to achieve a loose, pouting upper lip, a 90-degree columellar-labial angle, and a projecting nasal tip. This article describes technique and results.
Use of Acellular Dermal Matrix in Craniosynostosis
Authors: Madaree Anil
Published: November 2017

In craniofacial surgery, a wide spectrum of pathological conditions are usually treated. The aetiology of these could be congenital, traumatic, infective, post-tumor resection, postradiation, autoimmune, iatrogenic, or other miscellaneous conditions. The surgical approach for the procedures is usually via a coronal incision. In a large proportion of the patients, the frontal bone is removed to obtain intracranial access. The frontal bone is then replaced either in its original form or in a remodeled state. In congenital conditions the supraorbital bar and frontal bone is often also removed, remodeled, and replaced. One of the common late sequelae following craniofacial surgery is contour irregularities of the frontal region. These irregularities can vary in their extent. They are invariably palpable and often visible. Surgeons have attempted various methods to improve the contour irregularities. Despite these measures contour irregularities can still ensue. In the authors’ unit, the authors have been using acellular dermal matrix in an attempt to diminish the contour irregularities in the frontal region following craniofacial reconstruction for craniosynostosis. This has been used in 35 patients undergoing craniosynostosis correction. Of the 35 patients, 12 were for plagiocephaly, 7 for brachycephaly, 10 for scaphocephaly, 4 for trigonocephaly, and 2 for combined coronal and metopic synostosis. The age of the patients ranged from 5 months to 12 years (mean 20.5 months). There were 21 males and 14 females. The follow-up ranged from 10 to 48 months (mean 23 months).
Optic Nerve Head Drusen: The Relationship Between Intraocular Pressure and Optic Nerve Structure and Function
Authors: Nolan Kaitlyn W. , Lee Michael S. , Jalalizadeh Rohan A. , Firl Kevin C. , Van Stavern Gregory P. , McClelland Collin M.
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To determine whether at the time of diagnosis, the intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) correlates with the perimetric mean deviation (PMD) and the mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods:

This retrospective chart review included adults with ONHD from 2 academic medical centers. Inclusion criteria were age older than 18 years, definitive diagnosis of ONHD, measurement of IOP, and an automated visual field (VF) within 3 months of diagnosis. Exclusion criteria were unreliable VFs, use of IOP-lowering therapy, and visually significant ocular comorbidities. Data were collected from the initial visit. Age, IOP, method of diagnosis of ONHD, mean RNFL thickness, and PMD were recorded. Multiple and logistic regression models were used to control for potential confounders in statistical analyses.

Results:

Chart review identified 623 patients, of which 146 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 44.2 years (range: 19–82 years). Average PMD of 236 eyes was −5.22 dB (range, −31.2 to +1.21 dB). Mean IOP was 15.7 mm Hg (range: 6–24 mm Hg). Forty eyes (16.9%) underwent RNFL measurement using OCT; mean RNFL thickness was 79.9 μm (range: 43–117 μm). There was no statistically significant association between IOP and PMD (P = 0.13) or RNFL thickness (P = 0.65). Eyes with ocular hypertension tended to have less depressed PMD than those without (P= 0.031). Stratified analyses of visible and buried subgroups yielded similar results.

Conclusions:

Lowering IOP in patients with ONHD has been proposed as a means to prevent progression of optic neuropathy. Our study demonstrated that among predominately normotensive eyes, higher IOP was not associated with greater VF loss or thinner RNFL at the time of presentation. This suggests that lowering IOP may not be beneficial in preventing visual loss in normotensive eyes with ONHD.
Reflections on learning as designing
Authors: Bunnell Pille
Published: November 2017

Purpose

This study aims to explore, illuminate and hence evoke further reflections on the implications of creating and conserving distinctions that inherently act as simplifications and limit appropriate action.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach used was reflective regarding the chosen concept of designing and learning from the perspective of a constitutive epistemology. These were investigated as circularities and as distinctions in language. The variety of intended meanings and hence implicit entailments was examined from the perspective of implicit domains.

Findings

A tendency to focus on the results of designing and learning rather than the processes was attributed to several factors including cultural relevance, tangibility, durability and observability. Further, it was found that result and process are arbitrary distinctions in a circular system. It was noted that lack of awareness of multiple domains encourages reification, and that distinctions inherently obscure what happens in the non-articulated aspects of living. However, expertise embraces an ability to attend to such “betweens”. This applies to expertise in the assessment of learning and designing.

Originality/value

The most obvious value of the findings is for the field of education. The insights gained indicate that the path of individualized learning with an emphasis on attention to the processes, inclusive of those that are not distinguished and named but can, with reflective experience, be sensed and acted on, has deep epistemological roots. A further implication is that educators require expertise to effectively work with learners, and that effective assessment depends on recurrent conversational interactions between the educator and learner.
The psychometric properties of an information-ethics questionnaire
Authors: Nasser AL-Nuaimi Maryam , Bouazza AbdelMajid , Abu-Hilal Maher M. , Al-Aufi Ali
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the development and validation of a self-report structured questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The questionnaire was used to investigate university undergraduate students’ cognition, behavioural intent, and behaviour concerning the ethical use of information and communication technologies (ICTs).

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative correlational cross-sectional approach to data collection was used by administering a self-report questionnaire to a sample of 327 undergraduate students. To establish the construct validity of the questionnaire, internal consistency reliability and factorial analyses were performed.

Findings

Significant but different correlations between the constructs were under study. The behavioural intention had the greatest and most significant correlation with behaviour pertaining to information ethics. Overall, the scales, which constitute the instrument, showed acceptable indices of measurement validity.

Practical implications

The research implications of this paper shed light on the applicability of the TPB to the specific context in which this study was conducted. The results imply that the TPB framework can be extended and employed to understand better the influence of comprehending information-ethics concepts on the intentions and practices related to the ethical use of ICTs.

Originality/value

The paper has methodological value for researchers who seek to develop empirical instruments for measuring the factors that bear upon the attitudes and the behaviours related to information ethics. Furthermore, the paper has pedagogical value for students, teachers, and developers of information-ethics educational programmes at the tertiary level.
COUNTER: Release 5 of the Code of Practice
Authors: Estelle Lorraine
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Librarians need to measure returns on the investments that they make, and for digital content, the COUNTER Code of Practice for usage statistics is an important metric. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a viewpoint.

Findings

Release 5 of the Code of Practice has been developed to make it easier for publishers to be compliant. It can be adapted and extended as digital publishing changes over the years.

Originality/value

Release 5 consists of four master reports, a reduced number of metrics and additional attributes. These will enable librarians to roll up or drill down through reports with ease, eliminating the need for the kinds of special-purpose reports required previously.
Geostatistical seismic Amplitude‐versus‐angle inversion
Authors: Azevedo Leonardo , Nunes Rúben , Soares Amílcar , Neto Guenther Schwedersky , Martins Teresa S.
Published: November 2017

Seismic inversion plays an important role in reservoir modelling and characterisation due to its potential for assessing the spatial distribution of the sub‐surface petro‐elastic properties. Seismic amplitude‐versus‐angle inversion methodologies allow to retrieve P‐wave and S‐wave velocities and density individually allowing a better characterisation of existing litho‐fluid facies. We present an iterative geostatistical seismic amplitude‐versus‐angle inversion algorithm that inverts pre‐stack seismic data, sorted by angle gather, directly for: density; P‐wave; and S‐wave velocity models. The proposed iterative geostatistical inverse procedure is based on the use of stochastic sequential simulation and co‐simulation algorithms as the perturbation technique of the model parametre space; and the use of a genetic algorithm as a global optimiser to make the simulated elastic models converge from iteration to iteration. All the elastic models simulated during the iterative procedure honour the marginal prior distributions of P‐wave velocity, S‐wave velocity and density estimated from the available well‐log data, and the corresponding joint distributions between density versus P‐wave velocity and P‐wave versus S‐wave velocity. We successfully tested and implemented the proposed inversion procedure on a pre‐stack synthetic dataset, built from a real reservoir, and on a real pre‐stack seismic dataset acquired over a deep‐water gas reservoir. In both cases the results show a good convergence between real and synthetic seismic and reliable high‐resolution elastic sub‐surface Earth models.
Influence of pulsed and continuous substrate inputs on freshwater bacterial community composition and functioning in bioreactors
Authors: Ricão Canelhas Monica , Andersson Martin , Eiler Alexander , Lindström Eva S. , Bertilsson Stefan
Published: November 2017

Aquatic environments are typically not homogenous, but characterized by changing substrate concentration gradients and nutrient patches. This heterogeneity in substrate availability creates a multitude of niches allowing bacteria with different substrate utilization strategies to hypothetically coexist even when competing for the same substrate. To study the impact of heterogeneous distribution of organic substrates on bacterioplankton, bioreactors with freshwater bacterial communities were fed artificial freshwater medium with acetate supplied either continuously or in pulses. After a month‐long incubation, bacterial biomass and community‐level substrate uptake rates were twice as high in the pulsed treatment compared to the continuously fed reactors even if the same total amount of acetate was supplied to both treatments. The composition of the bacterial communities emerging in the two treatments differed significantly with specific taxa overrepresented in the respective treatments. The higher estimated growth yield in cultures that received pulsed substrate inputs, imply that such conditions enable bacteria to use resources more efficiently for biomass production. This finding agrees with established concepts of basal maintenance energy requirements and high energetic costs to assimilate substrates at low concentration. Our results further imply that degradation of organic matter is influenced by temporal and spatial heterogeneity in substrate availability.
Occurrence of chlorophyll allomers during virus‐induced mortality and population decline in the ubiquitous picoeukaryote Ostreococcus tauri
Authors: Steele Deborah J. , Kimmance Susan A. , Franklin Daniel J. , Airs Ruth L.
Published: November 2017

During viral infection and growth limitation of the picoeukaryote Ostreococcus tauri, we examined the relationship between membrane permeability, oxidative stress and chlorophyll allomers (oxidation products). Chlorophyll allomers were measured in batch‐cultures of O. tauri in parallel with maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm), carotenoids, and reactive oxygen species and membrane permeability using fluorescent probes (CM‐H2DCFDA and SYTOX‐Green). Viral infection led to mass cell lysis of the O. tauri cells within 48 h. The concentration of the allomer hydroxychlorophyll a peaked with a 16‐fold increase (relative to chlorophyll‐a) just after the major lysis event. In contrast, cell death due to growth limitation resulted in a twofold increase in allomer production, relative to chl‐a. Two allomers were detected solely in association with O. tauri debris after viral lysis, and unlike other allomers were not observed before viral lysis, or during cell death due to growth limitation. Conversely, the component chl‐aP276 was found in the highest concentrations relative to chl‐a, in exponentially growing O. tauri. The components described have potential as indicators of mode of phytoplankton mortality, and of population growth.
High dark inorganic carbon fixation rates by specific microbial groups in the Atlantic off the Galician coast (NW Iberian margin)
Authors: Guerrero‐Feijóo Elisa , Sintes Eva , Herndl Gerhard J. , Varela Marta M.
Published: November 2017

Bulk dark dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation rates were determined and compared to microbial heterotrophic production in subsurface, meso‐ and bathypelagic Atlantic waters off the Galician coast (NW Iberian margin). DIC fixation rates were slightly higher than heterotrophic production throughout the water column, however, more prominently in the bathypelagic waters. Microautoradiography combined with catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (MICRO‐CARD‐FISH) allowed us to identify several microbial groups involved in dark DIC uptake. The contribution of SAR406 (Marinimicrobia), SAR324 (Deltaproteobacteria) and Alteromonas (Gammaproteobacteria) to the dark DIC fixation was significantly higher than that of SAR202 (Chloroflexi) and Thaumarchaeota, in agreement with their contribution to microbial abundance. Q‐PCR on the gene encoding for the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) from the putatively high versus low ammonia concentration ecotypes revealed their depth‐stratified distribution pattern. Taken together, our results indicate that chemoautotrophy is widespread among microbes in the dark ocean, particularly in bathypelagic waters. This chemolithoautotrophic biomass production in the dark ocean, depleted in bio‐available organic matter, might play a substantial role in sustaining the dark ocean's food web.
Developing Food Science Core Competencies in Vietnam: The Role of Experience and Problem Solving in an Industry‐Based Undergraduate Research Course
Authors: LeGrand Karen , Yamashita Lina , Trexler Cary J. , Vu Thi Lam An , Young Glenn M.
Published: November 2017

Although many educators now recognize the value of problem‐based learning and experiential learning, undergraduate‐level food science courses that reflect these pedagogical approaches are still relatively novel, especially in East and Southeast Asia. Leveraging existing partnerships with farmers in Vietnam, a food science course for students at Nong Lam Univ. was designed and taught. The aim was to give students the opportunity to work in small groups and conduct evidence‐based research with farmers, apply food science principles, and develop Success Skills, including the ability to think critically and communicate clearly. Drawing on the experience of 2 student groups, this exploratory study describes what students learned from the process of conducting research. In one group, students learned to work through and resolve the challenge of initial disagreement and misunderstanding with farmers and ultimately carried out a project that aligned with the students’ research interests and farmers’ needs. Another group of students learned to consider the financial limitations of farmers when attempting to develop solutions for problems and ultimately worked with farmers to address a different problem that was less financially taxing. It is important to note the challenges of planning and teaching a course in which instructors are not able to predict exactly what students will learn or experience. This is largely dependent on each student's prior knowledge, experiences, and interests; yet this study demonstrates the transformative potential of teaching a research‐based food science course that gives students authentic opportunities to identify and address real‐world challenges.
Assessing the Impact of Germination and Sporulation Conditions on the Adhesion of Bacillus Spores to Glass and Stainless Steel by Fluid Dynamic Gauging
Authors: Xu Zhou Ke , Li Nan , Christie Graham , Wilson D. Ian
Published: November 2017

The adhesion of spores of 3 Bacillus species with distinctive morphologies to stainless steel and borosilicate glass was studied using the fluid dynamic gauging technique. Marked differences were observed between different species of spores, and also between spores of the same species prepared under different sporulation conditions. Spores of the food‐borne pathogen B. cereus were demonstrated to be capable of withstanding shear stresses greater than 1500 Pa when adhered to stainless steel, in contrast to spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, which detached in response to lower shear stress. An extended DLVO model was shown to be capable of predicting the relative differences in spore adhesion between spores of different species and different culture conditions, but did not predict absolute values of force of adhesion well. Applying the model to germinating spores showed a significant reduction in adhesion force shortly after triggering germination, indicating a potential strategy to achieve enhanced removal of spores from surfaces in response to shear stress, such as during cleaning‐in‐place procedures.

Practical Application

Spore‐forming bacteria are a concern to the food industry because they have the potential to cause food‐borne illness and product spoilage, while being strongly adhesive to processing surfaces and resistant to cleaning‐in‐place procedures. This work is of significance to the food processors and manufacturers because it offers insight to the properties of spore adhesion and identifies a potential strategy to facilitate the removal of spores during cleaning procedures.
Phenolic Composition and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Free and Bound Phenolic Fractions from a Peruvian Purple Corn (Zea mays L.) Accession
Authors: Gálvez Ranilla Lena , Christopher Ashish , Sarkar Dipayan , Shetty Kalidas , Chirinos Rosana , Campos David
Published: November 2017

Beneficial effects on overall gut health by phenolic bioactives‐rich foods are potentially due to their modulation of probiotic gut bacteria and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Based on this rationale, the effect of the free and bound phenolic fractions from a Peruvian purple corn accession AREQ‐084 on probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum and the gastric cancer‐related pathogen Helicobacter pylori was evaluated. The free and bound phenolic composition was also determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. Anthocyanins were the major phenolic compounds (310.04 mg cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalents/100 g dry weight, DW) in the free phenolic fraction along with hydroxycinnamic acids such as p‐coumaric acid derivatives, followed by caffeic and ferulic acid derivatives. The bound phenolic form had only hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and a ferulic acid derivative with ferulic acid being the major phenolic compound (156.30 mg/100 g DW). These phenolic compounds were compatible with beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as L. helveticus and B. longum as these bacteria were not inhibited by the free and bound phenolic fractions at 10 to 50 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL of sample doses, respectively. However, the pathogenic H. pylori was also not inhibited by both purple corn phenolic forms at same above sample doses. This study provides the preliminary base for the characterization of phenolic compounds of Peruvian purple corn biodiversity and its potential health benefits relevant to improving human gut health.

Practical Application

This study provides insights that Peruvian purple corn accession AREQ‐084 can be targeted as a potential source of health‐relevant phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins along with hydroxycinnamic acids linked to its dietary fiber fraction. Additionally, these phenolic fractions did not affect the gut health associated beneficial bacteria nor the pathogenic H. pylori. Purple corn can be targeted for design of probiotic functional foods integrated with their anthocyanin linked‐coloring properties.
Defining the core microbiome of the symbiotic dinoflagellate, Symbiodinium
Authors: Lawson Caitlin A. , Raina Jean‐Baptiste , Kahlke Tim , Seymour Justin R. , Suggett David J.
Published: November 2017

Dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium underpin the survival and ecological success of corals. The use of cultured strains has been particularly important to disentangle the complex life history of Symbiodinium and their contribution to coral host physiology. However, these cultures typically harbour abundant bacterial communities which likely play important, but currently unknown, roles in Symbiodinium biology. We characterized the bacterial communities living in association with a wide phylogenetic diversity of Symbiodinium cultures (18 types spanning 5 clades) to define the core Symbiodinium microbiome. Similar to other systems, bacteria were nearly two orders of magnitude more numerically abundant than Symbiodinium cells and we identified three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which were present in all cultures. These represented the α‐proteobacterium Labrenzia and the γ‐proteobacteria Marinobacter and Chromatiaceae. Based on the abundance and functional potential of bacteria harboured in these cultures, their contribution to Symbiodinium physiology can no longer be ignored.
Reducing Inequalities within Countries: Assessing the Potential of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Chancel Lucas , Hough Alex , Voituriez Tancrède
Published: November 2017

Income and wealth inequality are rising in most countries around the world today. Recognising that this challenge has become a universal issue, the United Nations agreed in 2015 to seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as part of a global agenda to transform society. Specifically, SDG Target 10 commits countries to ‘reduce inequalities within and among countries’. To what extent SDGs and in particular SDG target 10 can help nations reverse inequality towards a downward trend is the question we address in this paper. To answer this question, we build on the theory of change underpinning the goal‐based governance characterising the SDGs, then we infer the added value of the SDGs along three criteria: the production of a common metric, the capacity to emulate peer pressure, and policy learning within and across countries. Across these three criteria, our main finding is that there is much that states can take away from the SDGs to address the problem of rising inequality, though success is conditional on achieving the buy‐in of key actors and epistemic communities for which domestic inequalities remains a domestic issue and not a global sustainability one.
Lactate improves SAPS 3 prognostication
Authors: Andersson P. , Frigyesi A.
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Lactate concentration is known to be a strong predictor of mortality, but is not included in any of the major intensive care scorings systems such as the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3). The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of lactate concentration when combined with SAPS 3.

Materials and methods

In the period of 2008 to June 2017 the general intensive care unit at Skåne University Hospital in Lund, Sweden had 5141 first‐time admissions. Of these, 3039 patients had lactate concentrations analysed within 1 h of admission.

Results

As expected, lactate concentration was found to be strongly related to 30‐day mortality. Lactate concentration was found to be a SAPS 3 independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.11, P < 0.001), but did not improve the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (AUC 78.9% vs. 78.7%, P = 0.053). However, we found that lactate added prognostic value to SAPS 3 for patients with cardiac arrest (AUC 79.6% vs. 76.4%, P = 0.0082) and sepsis (AUC 75.1% vs. 72.7%, P = 0.033).

Conclusion

Even compared to our current prognostication model, SAPS 3, lactate concentration was found to be an independent predictor for all diagnoses, cardiac arrest and sepsis. The addition of lactate concentration level improved the AUC for cardiac arrest and sepsis, but not for all diagnoses.
How should new orthopaedic implants be introduced: an example and recommendations for best practice
Authors: Hannan Richard , Arora Varun , Beaver Richard , Harvie Paul
Published: November 2017

Continued advancements in orthopaedics have led to the development of many new implants; many of these are being utilized in clinical practice with little or no evidence base for their safety or effectiveness. Highly publicized failures in orthopaedic technology have led to an increased awareness of this issue in both medical and non‐medical circles. In most cases, the significant harm caused to the public could have been avoided by the appropriately staged implementation of new implants. This review comments on the current literature regarding the optimal practice for the introduction of new orthopaedic technology. The authors’ experience with the failed ESKA Adapter Short‐stem/Modular Hip is described; the methodology used for its evaluation is used as a basis to discuss what was successful about the process and also give warning on what could be improved upon. The ideal practice requires new orthopaedic implants to be evaluated by high‐volume surgeons in specialist orthopaedic hospitals. These studies should include biomechanical studies, radiostereophotometric analysis, implant retrieval and outcome assessment. Results and complications should be reported early to the appropriate joint registry and regulatory body. Once a suitable evidence base has developed, the implant can be distributed into wider clinical practice or withdrawn. These recommendations aim to protect the patient and public from harm while allowing surgical innovation to still continue.
Ischaemic colitis: uncertainty in diagnosis, pathophysiology and management
Authors: Nikolic Amanda L. , Keck James O.
Published: November 2017

Ischaemic colitis is the most common form of gastrointestinal ischaemia, but may be confused with acute mesenteric ischaemia, inflammatory bowel disease or infectious colitis. This review article outlines the current classification, epidemiology and risk factors, as well as approaches about diagnosis and management to guide clinical practice. It also identifies areas for further research.