bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction 4.0 technologies and applications: a systematic literature review of trends and potential areas for development
Authors: Statsenko Larissa , Samaraweera Aparna , Bakhshi Javad , Chileshe Nicholas
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Based on the systematic literature review, this paper aims to propose a framework of Construction 4.0 (C4.0) scenarios, identifying Industry 4.0 (I4.0) enabling technologies and their applications in the construction industry. The paper reviews C4.0 trends and potential areas for development.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology has been applied, including bibliographic coupling analysis (BCA), co-citation network analysis of keywords, the content analysis with the visualisation of similarities (VOSviewer) software and aggregative thematic analysis (ATA). In total, 170 articles from the top 22 top construction journals in the Scopus database between 2013 and 2021 were analysed.

Findings

Six C4.0 scenarios of applications were identified. Out of nine I4.0 technology domains, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Cloud Computing, Big Data and Analytics had the most references in C4.0 research, while applications of augmented/virtual reality, vertical and horizontal integration and autonomous robotics yet provide ample avenues for the future applied research. The C4.0 application scenarios include efficient energy usage, prefabricated construction, sustainability, safety and environmental management, indoor occupant comfort and efficient asset utilisation.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the body of knowledge by offering a framework of C4.0 scenarios revealing the status quo of research published in the top construction journals into I4.0 technology applications in the sector. The framework evaluates current C4.0 research trends and gaps in relation to nine I4.0 technology domains as compared with more advanced industry sectors and informs academic community, practitioners and strategic policymakers with interest in C4.0 trends.
Hardware implementation of interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control for BLDC motor using microcontroller
Authors: Astik Mitesh B. , Shah Dhruv B. , Bhatt Praghnesh , Bhalja Bhavesh R. , Modha Paresh R.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a generalized observer and controller for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor to make the system more robust for parameter variations, load torque and speed tracking.

Design/methodology/approach

A robust interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) technique for BLDC motor is introduced in this paper. The IDA-PBC is used to obtain the reference voltages for pulse width modulation (PWM) control. The immersion and invariance (I&I) observer is used to estimate the load torque and speed of the BLDC motor. At the time of starting, the motor rotates in arbitrary direction, and sometimes, because of the cogging action, it may take a huge current. Therefore, a new start-up method is proposed for the BLDC motor, which maintains the alignment of the rotor.

Findings

From the simulation and experimental results, it can be seen that the proposed controller and observer satisfactorily work for parameter variations, load torque and speed tracking.

Originality/value

The authenticity of the proposed technique is tested experimentally on two different BLDC motors using low-cost 32-bit STM32F407VG microcontroller. The response of the proposed technique is evaluated by changing motor parameters such as stator resistance, inductance, flux linkage constant and torque constant.
Review and design of modular multilevel inverter with modified multicarrier PWM techniques for solar PV applications
Authors: Gnanavel Chinnaraj , Vanchinathan Kumarasamy
Published: June 2022

Purpose

These implementations not only generate excessive voltage levels to enhance the quality of power but also include a detailed investigating of the various modulation methods and control schemes for multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies. Reduced harmonic modulation technology is used to produce 11-level output voltage with the production of renewable energy applications. The simulation is done in the MATLAB/Simulink for 11-level symmetric MLI and is correlated with the conventional inverter design.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is focused on investigating the different types of asymmetric, symmetric and hybrid topologies and control methods used for the modular multilevel inverter (MMI) operation. Classical MLI configurations are affected by performance issues such as poor power quality, uneconomic structure and low efficiency.

Findings

The variations in both carrier and reference signals and their performance are analyzed for the proposed inverter topologies. The simulation result compares unipolar and bipolar pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques with total harmonic distortion (THD) results. The solar-fed 11-level MMI is controlled using various modulation strategies, which are connected to marine emergency lighting loads. Various modulation techniques are used to control the solar-fed 11-level MMI, which is connected to marine emergency lighting loads. The entire hardware system is controlled by using SPARTAN 3A field programmable gate array (FPGA) board and the least harmonics are obtained by improving the power quality.

Originality/value

The simulation result compares unipolar and bipolar PWM techniques with THD results. Various modulation techniques are used to control the solar-fed 11-level MMI, which is connected to marine emergency lighting loads. The entire hardware system is controlled by a SPARTAN 3A field programmable gate array (FPGA) board, and the power quality is improved to achieve the lowest harmonics possible.
Stability analysis of two port renewable energy interface for telecom applications
Authors: V. Rajini , Amutha W. Margaret
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to carry out a detailed analysis of two port converter fed by Solar and wind sources during different operational modes by small signal modelling. The converter is fully characterized and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The voltage and current waveforms along with their corresponding expressions describing the converter operation are presented in detail. Then the DC-averaged equivalent topology is derived using circuit averaging technique. A complete derivation of the power stage transfer functions relevant to the capacitor voltage loop, such as capacitor voltage to solar voltage and inductor current to wind input voltage is obtained.

Design/methodology/approach

Stability analysis is used to analyze the small deviations around the steady-state operating point which helps in modeling the closed loop converter parameters. This paper presents the analysis, modeling and control of two port Cuk-buck converter topology.

Findings

Based on the results, a control strategy is designed to manage the energy flow within the system. A lab-level prototype for Cuk-buck converter with PWM controller is implemented and tested under various input conditions to study the performance of the converter during seasonal changes. The simulation and experimental results showed that effective operation and control strategy of the hybrid power supply system managed to be achieved alongside its feasible outputs.

Practical implications

This analysis can be extended to all power electronic converters and will be useful for the design of controllers.

Social implications

An appropriate control design plays a key role in enhancing the overall performance of the system. Hence, this paper is intended to present in detail the small signal modeling of the Cuk-buck converter along with the control design for all the switching modes.

Originality/value

Though this type of converter topology has been discussed widely in literature, very scarce literature is available related to modeling and control design of the converter. A state-space averaging model of the converter followed by a type-II compensator design is described, and prototype design and experimental results are also presented.
Research on circuit analysis and optimization of wireless power transmission system with embedded coil
Authors: Liu Han , Yang Guojin , Wang Rong
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The wireless power transmission (WPT) system with an embedded coil will achieve a more flexible charging operation and higher system efficiency. However, the comprehensive analysis considering cross-coupling for WPT with embedded coil is rarely investigated. This study aims to improve the system efficiency of WPT with the embedded coil based on circuit analysis and optimization of embedded coil loops.

Design/methodology/approach

The circuit model of WPT system with the non-resonant compensated embedded coil is developed by taking the cross-coupling of all coils and the circuit compensation degree of the embedded coil into consideration. On the basis of system characteristics analysis, optimization of embedded coil position and non-resonant compensation are proposed to improve the efficiency of WPT system with embedded coil. Experimental studies demonstrate the correctness of theoretical research.

Findings

The WPT system with embedded coil designed by optimizing the position and non-resonant compensation achieves higher efficiency than those of the system with two-coil mode and the three-coil system with a resonant compensated embedded coil.

Practical implications

A WPT system with embedded coil could be more efficient by using a non-resonant compensated coil embedded into the buffer material of the storage box for sophisticated electrical equipment.

Originality/value

The cross-coupling between all coils is considered in circuit analysis for WPT system with embedded coil. Optimization of the position and non-resonant compensation of embedded coil achieves higher efficiency.
Green intellectual capital and green supply chain integration: the mediating role of supply chain transformational leadership
Authors: Xi Mengjie , Fang Wei , Feng Taiwen
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Drawing upon social capital theory, this research aims to explore the influence of three dimensions of green intellectual capital (GIC) (i.e. green human capital [GHC], green structural capital and green relational capital) on green supply chain integration (GSCI) (i.e. green supplier, internal and customer integration), and the mediating effect of supply chain transformational leadership (SCTL).

Design/methodology/approach

To verify the hypothesized relationships, the authors conduct hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping method with two-waved survey data collected from 317 Chinese manufacturing firms.

Findings

The findings suggest that both green structural and relational capital positively influence three dimensions of GSCI, while GHC only positively affects green internal and customer integration. In addition, SCTL mediates the impacts of green structural and relational capital on three dimensions of GSCI and mediates the impacts of GHC on green supplier and internal integration.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the GSCI literature and practice by deeming GIC as an intangible resource that can enhance GSCI and revealing the mediating role of SCTL.
Research priorities relating to communication and swallowing for people with learning disabilities across the lifespan
Authors: Chadd Katie , Longhurst Lauren , Kulkarni Amit , Simpson Jaya , Pagnamenta Emma , Brettell Fiona , Money Della , Dowty Rosie , Wallinger Josephine , Bangera Sai , Palmer Rebecca , Joffe Victoria
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This research priority setting partnership (PSP) aims to collaboratively identify the “top ten” research priorities relating to communication and swallowing for children and adults with learning disabilities, across the lifespan in the UK, using a modified James Lind Alliance approach.

Design/methodology/approach

A steering group and reference group were established to oversee the PSP. A survey of speech and language therapists (SLTs) resulted in 157 research suggestions. These were further developed into 95 research questions through a multi-stakeholder workshop. Questions were prioritised via an online card-sort activity completed by SLTs, health-care or education professionals and carers. Research questions were analysed thematically. Ten adults with learning disabilities were supported to assign ratings to themes reflecting their prioritisation. The top ten research priorities were identified by combining results from these activities.

Findings

The top ten research priorities related to intervention, outcome measurement and service delivery around communication and dysphagia.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first UK-wide research PSP on learning disabilities and speech and language therapy across the lifespan. It uses a novel approach to incorporate the preferences of people with learning disabilities in the prioritisation.
Congenital curved nail of the fourth toe: Report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Hirata Yoshiko , Shiiya Chihiro , Miyamoto Julia , Saito Masataka
Published: June 2022

Congenital curved nail of the fourth toe (CNFT) is a rare disorder in which the nail plate of the fourth toe is deformed as it curves toward the sole of the foot. The cause is still unknown, but the congenital deformity of the nail plate is thought to be due to shortening of the terminal phalanx and hypoplasia of soft tissue of the fourth toe. Here, we report three typical cases who presented congenital curving nail on both their fourth toes. Their X‐ray showed that the distal phalanges of the fourth toes were short. Thus far, 19 cases of CNFT were reported in English literature. Interestingly, almost all cases have been from Asia (18 out of 19). The majority of the cases were bilateral and asymptomatic. Tenderness was seen in eight cases, which was caused by the pressure of the nail plate on the skin or ingrown nail. Treatment is basically unnecessary for the deformity, but it is important to teach safe and appropriate nail clipping methods to avoid pain. We can easily diagnose CNFT because of the characteristic clinical presentation and should provide appropriate advice on the nail care from early stage.
Community science reveals links between migration arrival timing advance, migration distance and wing shape
Authors: Chu Jonathan J. , Gillis Daniel P. , Riskin Shelby H.
Published: June 2022

Substantial global data show that many taxa are shifting their phenologies in response to climate change. For birds, migration arrival dates in breeding regions have been shifting earlier, and there is evidence that both evolutionary adaptation and behavioural flexibility influence these shifts.

As more efficient flyers may be able to demonstrate more flexibility to respond to changing conditions during migratory flight, we hypothesize that differences among passerine species in flight efficiency, as reflected by morphology, may be associated with the magnitude of shifts in arrival date in response to climate warming.

We applied a logistic model to 18 years of eBird data to estimate mean arrival date for 44 common passerines migrating to northeast North America. We then used linear mixed‐effects models to estimate changes in mean arrival date and compared these changes to morphological proxies for flight efficiency and migratory distance using phylogenetic generalized least squares models.

On average, passerine species shifted their arrival dates 0.120 days earlier each year, with 27 of the 44 species shifting to significantly earlier arrival times, and two shifting to significantly later ones. Of the 15 species with non‐significant shifts, 13 trended toward earlier arrivals. Longer migration distances and higher wing aspect ratios were associated with greater shifts toward earlier arrivals. Migration distance and aspect ratio were also significantly correlated to each other.

This suggests that changes in arrival date are affected by factors pertaining to migratory flight over long distances namely, flight efficiency and migration distance. These traits may be able predict the magnitude of arrival date shift, and by extension identify species that are most at risk to climate change due to inflexible arrival timing.
Random forest modelling of multi‐scale, multi‐species habitat associations within KAZA transfrontier conservation area using spoor data
Authors: Searle Charlotte E. , Kaszta Żaneta , Bauer Dominik T. , Kesch Kristina , Hunt Jane E. , Mandisodza‐Chikerema Roseline , Flyman Michael V. , Macdonald David W. , Dickman Amy J. , Loveridge Andrew J. , Cushman Samuel A.
Published: June 2022

As landscape‐scale conservation models grow in prominence, assessments of how wildlife utilise multiple‐use landscapes are required to inform effective conservation and management planning. Such efforts should incorporate multi‐species perspectives to maximise value for conservation, and should account for scale to accurately capture species‐environment relationships.

We show that the random forest machine learning algorithm can be used to model large‐scale sign‐based data in a multi‐scale framework. We used this method to investigate scale‐dependent habitat associations for 16 mammal species of high conservation importance across the southern Kavango Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area in Botswana and Zimbabwe.

Our findings revealed substantial variation in factors shaping habitat use across species, and illustrate that different species often have divergent responses to the same environmental and anthropogenic factors, and differ in the scales at which they respond to them. For all variables across all species, scale optimisation most often selected our largest scale.

Precipitation, soil nutrients, and vegetation appeared to be the most important factors determining mammal distributions, likely through their associations with food resources for herbivores and, in turn, prey availability for carnivores.

Anthropogenic pressures also had an important influence, with many species selecting against areas with high cattle density. The variety of relationships with human density indicated that species vary in their tolerance of humans. We found a consistent positive relationship with areas under high protection, and negative relationship with unprotected and less‐strictly protected areas.

Policy implications. Through a novel application of random forest modelling to spoor data from 16 mammal species, this study highlights the importance of adopting a multi‐scale, multi‐species approach for decision‐making processes that depend on understanding wildlife distributions and habitat associations, such as protected area and corridor prioritisation. The findings identify changing rainfall patterns and increasing livestock numbers as emerging trends that may impact wildlife distributions, both within sub‐Saharan Africa and on a global scale. Wildlife management authorities should use modelling exercises and adaptive management to ensure that protected area networks remain fit for purpose under anticipated changes in rainfall under climate change, and explore initiatives that promote coexistence of wildlife and livestock.
Improving or declining: What are the consequences for changes in local crime?*
Authors: Hipp John R. , Luo Xiaoshuang Iris
Published: June 2022

Whereas existing ecology of crime research frequently uses a cross‐sectional design, an open question is whether theories underlying such studies will operate similarly in longitudinal research. Using latent trajectory models and longitudinal data in half‐mile egohoods from the Southern California region over a 10‐year period (2000–2010), we explore this question and assess whether the changes in key measures of social disorganization theory are related to changes in violent or property crime through three possible relationships: 1) a monotonic relationship, 2) an asymmetric relationship, and 3) a perturbation relationship in which any change increases crime. We find evidence that measures can exhibit any of these three possible relationships, highlighting the importance of not assuming monotonic relationships. Most frequently observed are asymmetric relationships, which we posit are simultaneously capturing more than one theoretical process of neighborhoods and crime. Specific findings include asymmetric relationships between change in concentrated disadvantage, racial/ethnic minority composition, or population and violent crime, as well as relationships between change in Asian composition or population and property crime. We consider how this strategy opens a needed area of future research assessing how measures for other theories operate as environments change.
Clearing crimes in the aftermath of police lethal violence
Authors: Roberts Aki , Roberts John M.
Published: June 2022

Research summary

Police use of violence may threaten police agencies’ effectiveness by reinforcing residents’ legal cynicism and disengagement from police. We examined police lethal violence against Black people and its relationship with clearance by arrest in a sample of Black victims’ crime incidents in over 350 jurisdictions in 2015, via Mapping Police Violence and the National Incident‐Based Reporting System (NIBRS). We calculated each crime incident's unique time‐varying exposure to police lethal violence, with an accompanying agency‐level measure that averaged this incident‐level measure. Under our original measures, multilevel survival analysis showed a statistically significant association with clearance for the agency‐level average exposure measure, but not for the time‐varying incident‐level exposure measure. Subsequent exploratory analyses suggested a possibly shorter‐lived relationship with incident‐level police lethal violence exposure, which should be investigated in future research.

Policy implications

Agency‐level findings encourage the adoption of reforms in policing practices and organizational characteristics that could enhance police legitimacy and citizen cooperation and promote perceptions of procedural justice in the Black community. Exploratory indications of a shorter‐lived relationship between police lethal violence and clearance will, if supported in further research, call for agencies to think carefully about adjusting detective work and resource allocations during the critical period following a police lethal violence event. A negative relationship between clearance rates and police lethal violence suggests a mutual interest of police agencies and activists in the reduction of police lethal violence.
Illinois State Water Survey Bulletin 75: New Precipitation Frequency Study for Illinois
Authors: Markus Momcilo , Angel James , Woolford Kurt , Wang Kexuan , Singh Shailendra , Kerschner Brian
Published: June 2022

Storm frequency estimates and their temporal distributions are important in determining estimates of runoff or peak flow rates in many engineering and hydrological problems. Illinois State Water Survey Bulletin 70 has been serving as the design rainfall standard in Illinois since its publication in 1989. Although Bulletin 70 represented the best available data at the time of its publication, the standards needed to be reevaluated and updated after more than three decades and with the growing evidence of the nonstationary nature of heavy precipitation. The trends in heavy precipitation in Illinois prompted the creation of a new frequency study named Bulletin 75, providing precipitation frequencies for event durations ranging from 5 min to 10 days and for recurrence intervals ranging from 2 months to 500 years. The results are presented for the same 10 geographic sections in Illinois as in Bulletin 70 to maintain the continuity of hydrologic studies and compatibility with regulations. The primary goal of this paper is to outline some of the key methodological issues and challenges, to compare the results with the previous sources, and to highlight the effects of the changing precipitation standards on the development of amendments to existing ordinances. Lake County in Illinois, as one of the most affected urban areas with the highest change in heavy precipitation, was selected to illustrate issues related to the application of modified precipitation standards.
Survival benefits from afatinib compared with gefitinib and erlotinib among patients with common EGFR mutation in first‐line setting
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Ho James Chung Man , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Ip Mary Sau Man , Lam David Chi Leung
Published: June 2022

Background

Epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) are recommended as first‐line treatment in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations. The sequential use of different EGFR‐TKIs has been reported to demonstrate improvement in overall survival of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. There are limited reports on comparisons between regimens with first‐line use of afatinib, gefitinib or erlotinib, followed by osimertinib upon disease progression with acquired T790M mutation.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of Chinese patients with metastatic NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations who received first‐line gefitinib, erlotinib or afatinib treatment, followed by osimertinib upon disease progression with acquired T790M mutation, was conducted. The differences in overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) with first‐line EGFR‐TKI (PFS1) and time to second objective disease progression (PFS2) were compared among patients on different first‐line EGFR‐TKIs.

Results

Among 155 patients, 101 (65.2%), 38 (24.5%) and 16 (10.3%) patients were on first‐line gefitinib, erlotinib or afatinib, respectively. Patients treated with afatinib in the first‐line setting had significantly longer OS compared with those on gefitinib or erlotinib, while the PFS1 and PFS2 were longer for patients on afatinib but did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

First‐line afatinib, followed by osimertinib upon disease progression with T790M mutation, demonstrated significantly longer OS compared to that using other EGFR‐TKI in the first‐line setting.
Meaning or presence? Ways of knowing of the Sámi yoik
Authors: Aubinet Stéphane
Published: June 2022

This article approaches an Indigenous singing tradition, the yoik, practiced by the Sámi people in the north of Europe, as a way of knowing the environment through presence rather than meaning. The yoik consists of short unaccompanied melodies, often without lyrics, sung in everyday life, associated with a specific being (typically a person, an animal, or a place), and intended to make that being present. By exploring this capacity to invoke and intensify the environment's presence, this article seeks to take the yoik seriously and thereby offer a counternarrative to both semiotic and logocentric understandings of knowledge and human/nonhuman relationships. [knowledge, singing, semiotics, nonhuman, Sámi]
Worldwide ophthalmological research production 2000–2020, with special focus on the Nordic contribution
Authors: Bro Tomas
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To explore the trends in worldwide ophthalmic research production over a 21‐year period in relation to journals, contributing countries and dominating topics with special focus on the Nordic region.

Methods

Articles published between 2000 and 2020 in 20 top‐ranked ophthalmology journals were included. Number of articles and impact points were measured per country for each year. The most frequently occurring keywords were calculated worldwide and for the top five contributing countries and the Nordic countries. Trends were explored using linear regression.

Results

The analysis included 65 220 articles. Linear regression showed an increase with 56 articles per year (β = 56.3, R2 = 0.72, p‐value < 0.01). The United States published the most articles, comprising 35% of the worldwide total, followed by the United Kingdom (9%) and Japan (7%). Population‐adjusted productivity revealed that Iceland was the most prolific country with 10 articles per million inhabitants/year. Singapore was second and Denmark third with corresponding numbers of nine and seven. Analysing regional trends, Asia had the largest increase in yearly number of articles (β = 29.1, R2 = 0.89, p‐value < 0.01). The strongest positive trend was observed in China (β = 15.7, R2 = 0.94, p‐value < 0.01). The Nordic countries contributed with 3.6% of worldwide ophthalmological papers. Among these, Denmark was the only country with a significant positive trend in impact points per million inhabitants per year (β = 0.6, R2 = 0.54, p‐value < 0.01). The most frequently occurring eye disease within the whole time frame was myopia (5.8%) followed by macular degeneration (5.4%) and glaucoma (5.3%). Linear regression showed a significant increase in the proportion of articles about diabetic retinopathy (β = 0.2%, R2 = 0.88, p‐value < 0.01) a significant decrease in the proportion in articles about cataract (β = −0.1%, R2 = 0.70, p‐value < 0.01) and myopia (β = −0.1%, R2 = 0.67, p‐value < 0.01).

Conclusions

The worldwide ophthalmic research productivity has maintained a growing trend from 2000 to 2020. While North America and Europe are the major contributors, the scientific activity in Asia and especially China is growing impressively. With the current progress, Asia is forecast to outweigh Europe in 2025 and North America in 2033. Diabetic retinopathy was the most common eye disease in ophthalmologic papers in 2020, and also the topic with the strongest positive trend during 2000–2020.
Volumetric microsampling for simultaneous remote immunosuppressant and kidney function monitoring in outpatient kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Zwart Tom C. , Metscher Erik , van der Boog Paul J. M. , Swen Jesse J. , de Fijter Johan W. , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , de Vries Aiko P. J. , Moes Dirk Jan A. R.
Published: June 2022

Aims

Immunosuppressant and kidney function monitoring are crucial for kidney transplant recipient follow‐up. Microsamples enable remote sampling and minimise patient burden as compared to conventional venous sampling at the clinic. We developed a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay to quantify tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid (MPA), creatinine and iohexol in dried blood spot (DBS), and volumetric absorptive microsample (VAMS) samples.

Methods

The assay was successfully validated analytically for all analytes. Clinical validation was conducted by direct comparison of paired DBS, VAMS and venous reference samples from 25 kidney transplant recipients. Patients received iohexol 5–15 minutes before immunosuppressant intake and were sampled 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours thereafter, enabling tacrolimus and MPA area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and creatinine‐based and iohexol‐based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation. Method agreement was evaluated using Passing–Bablok regression, Bland–Altman analysis and the percentages of values within 15–30% of the reference (P15–P30) with a P20acceptance threshold of 80%.

Results

For DBS samples, method agreement was excellent for tacrolimus trough concentrations (n = 25, P15 = 92.0%) and AUCs (n = 25; P20 = 95.8%) and adequate for creatinine‐based GFR trend monitoring (n = 25; P20 = 80%). DBS‐based MPA AUC assessment showed suboptimal agreement (n = 16; P20 = 68.8%), but was considered acceptable given its P30of 100%. The assay performed inadequately for DBS‐based iohexol GFR determination (n = 24; P20 = 75%). The VAMS technique generally showed inferior performance, but can be considered for certain situations.

Conclusion

The assay was successfully validated for tacrolimus, MPA and creatinine quantification in DBS samples, enabling simultaneous remote kidney function trend monitoring and immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring in kidney transplant recipients.
Score‐based measurement invariance checks for Bayesian maximum‐a‐posteriori estimates in item response theory
Authors: Debelak Rudolf , Pawel Samuel , Strobl Carolin , Merkle Edgar C.
Published: June 2022

A family of score‐based tests has been proposed in recent years for assessing the invariance of model parameters in several models of item response theory (IRT). These tests were originally developed in a maximum likelihood framework. This study discusses analogous tests for Bayesian maximum‐a‐posteriori estimates and multiple‐group IRT models. We propose two families of statistical tests, which are based on an approximation using a pooled variance method, or on a simulation approach based on asymptotic results. The resulting tests were evaluated by a simulation study, which investigated their sensitivity against differential item functioning with respect to a categorical or continuous person covariate in the two‐ and three‐parametric logistic models. Whereas the method based on pooled variance was found to be useful in practice with maximum likelihood as well as maximum‐a‐posteriori estimates, the simulation‐based approach was found to require large sample sizes to lead to satisfactory results.
Parental mediation in the age of mobile technology
Authors: Nagy Beáta , Kutrovátz Kitti , Király Gábor , Rakovics Márton
Published: June 2022

This paper explores the impacts of adolescents' screen time, learning outcomes and parental performance in relation to different mediation strategies. These issues are addressed through the analysis of a representative survey carried out with 1000 families in Hungary in 2017. Within this research, 12–16‐year‐old teenagers and their parents were asked about their experiences and perceptions of mediation. Four main parental strategies can be identified: balancing mediation, restriction, permission and ad hoc mediation. The significance of parental performance in the analyses indicates that parental mediation forms part of the contemporary parenting skillset and correlates with perceptions of children's screen time and subjective quality of parenting.
Interannual variation in climate contributes to contingency in post‐fire restoration outcomes in seeded sagebrush steppe
Authors: Simler‐Williamson Allison B. , Applestein Cara , Germino Matthew J.
Published: June 2022

Interannual variation, especially weather, is an often‐cited reason for restoration “failures”; yet its importance is difficult to experimentally isolate across broad spatiotemporal extents, due to correlations between weather and site characteristics. We examined post‐fire treatments within sagebrush‐steppe ecosystems to ask: (1) Is weather following seeding efforts a primary reason why restoration outcomes depart from predictions? and (2) Does the management‐relevance of weather differ across space and with time since treatment? Our analysis quantified range‐wide patterns of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) recovery, by integrating long‐term records of restoration and annual vegetation cover estimates from satellite imagery following thousands of post‐fire seeding treatments from 1984 to 2005. Across the Great Basin, sagebrush growth increased in wetter, cooler springs; however, the importance of spring weather varied with sites' long‐term climates, suggesting differing ecophysiological limitations across sagebrush's range. Incorporation of spring weather, including from the “planting year,” improved predictions of sagebrush recovery, but these advances were small compared to contributions of time‐invariant site characteristics. Given extreme weather conditions threatening this ecosystem, explicit consideration of weather could improve the allocation of management resources, such as by identifying areas requiring repeated treatments; but improved forecasts of shifting mean conditions with climate change may more significantly aid the prediction of sagebrush recovery.
Human impacts on mammals in and around a protected area before, during, and after COVID‐19 lockdowns
Authors: Procko Michael , Naidoo Robin , LeMay Valerie , Burton A. Cole
Published: June 2022

The dual mandate for many protected areas (PAs) to simultaneously promote recreation and conserve biodiversity may be hampered by negative effects of recreation on wildlife. However, reports of these effects are not consistent, presenting a knowledge gap that hinders evidence‐based decision‐making. We used camera traps to monitor human activity and terrestrial mammals in Golden Ears Provincial Park and the adjacent University of British Columbia Malcolm Knapp Research Forest near Vancouver, Canada, with the objective of discerning relative effects of various forms of recreation on cougars (Puma concolor), black bears (Ursus americanus), black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). Additionally, public closures of the study area associated with the COVD‐19 pandemic offered an unprecedented period of human‐exclusion through which to explore these effects. Using Bayesian generalized mixed‐effects models, we detected negative effects of hikers (mean posterior estimate = −0.58, 95% credible interval [CI] −1.09 to −0.12) on weekly bobcat habitat use and negative effects of motorized vehicles (estimate = −0.28, 95% CI −0.61 to −0.05) on weekly black bear habitat use. We also found increased cougar detection rates in the PA during the COVID‐19 closure (estimate = 0.007, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.009), but decreased cougar detection rates (estimate = −0.006, 95% CI −0.009 to −0.003) and increased black‐tailed deer detection rates (estimate = 0.014, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.026) upon reopening of the PA. Our results emphasize that effects of human activity on wildlife habitat use and movement may be species‐ and/or activity‐dependent, and that camera traps can be an invaluable tool for monitoring both wildlife and human activity, collecting data even when public access is barred. Further, we encourage PA managers seeking to promote both biodiversity conservation and recreation to explicitly assess trade‐offs between these two goals in their PAs.
Diagnosis of left anterior descending branch‐right ventricular fistula with giant coronary artery aneurysm by contrast echocardiography: A case report
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Xian‐du , Liu Yan‐qiu , Zhuang Xiao‐dong , Wu Zhong‐kai , Yao Feng‐juan
Published: June 2022

Background

Coronary fistulae are communications between a coronary artery and a heart chamber or vessel. The final diagnosis is usually made by coronary angiography or computed tomographic (CT) angiography. Here we report a case by employing contrast echocardiography in diagnosis of a giant coronary aneurysm with right ventricle (RV) fistula.

Case presentation

The patient, a 29‐year‐old woman, referred to our institution with a complaint of palpitation occasionally. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed a spherical, echogenic structure in the apex of RV. Proximal to the aneurysm, the left anterior descending branch (LAD) remained enlarged (8–9 mm) and showed a fistulous communication with the echogenic structure. A contrast echocardiography was performed, and 4–5 cardiac cycle after the left ventricle was enhanced, the echogenic structure started to become more prominent and several fistulae were seen between RV and the echogenic structure. Computed tomography (CT) angiography and coronary angiography confirmed the dilation (9 mm in diameter) of the LAD with an aneurysm at the distal segment of the LAD, with a small amount of iodinated contrast agent flowing into the subsequent region of the RV, thereby characterizing a LAD‐to‐RV fistula.

Conclusion

The final diagnosis of fistula is usually made by coronary angiography or CT angiography. However, contrast echocardiography is also a well‐established method for the demonstration of intracardiac shunting. In this case, the contrast echocardiography clearly revealed one of the fistulae between the aneurysm and RV.
Incidence of adult primary immune thrombocytopenia in England—An update
Authors: Doobaree Indraraj Umesh , Conway Katherine , Miah Haroon , Miah Atiqa , Makris Michael , Hill Quentin , Cooper Nicola , Bradbury Charlotte , Newland Adrian , Provan Drew , McDonald Vickie ,   UK adult ITP registry
Published: June 2022

Background

Adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare bleeding disorder of unknown cause. Recent estimates of its incidence and trend over time were acquired for England.

Method

The primary ITP population (using ICD 10 code D693 and excluding secondary ITP cases; positive predictive value: 82.6%) was sourced from NHS Digital inpatient and outpatient. Incidence rate (IR) for England and by age groups, sex, and regions were calculated and trends were assessed using average annual percent change (AAPC).

Results

A total of 25 805 patients (mean age 59 years; females 57.8%) diagnosed between 2003 and 2014 was identified. IRs increased from 4.2/100 000 to 6.4/100 000 over this period (AAPC:4.3%). For all sex‐specific age groups, the IRs significantly increased over time, except 18–29 years males. The greatest increase was among females aged 30–39 (AAPC:8.7%). In contrast, among ≥70 years, ITP was more common in males (highest IR among ≥80 years males: 23.9/100 000). England's average annual IR was 6.1/100 000 for 2010–14. An estimated 2.5/100 000 (based on UKITP Registry data) was estimated to require 1st line treatment whereas 2.4/100 000 would have 1st and 2nd line treatments within 6 months from diagnosis. IRs for London and East Midlands were the highest (6.5/100 000).

Conclusions

This study found a rising incidence of primary ITP, with sharp increases among young women and elderly men. These findings put in context the impact of ITP on patients' lives and the healthcare services in England, especially with 17%–50% who may develop chronic ITP and require long‐term care.
Bidirectional relationships between parenting stress and child behavior problems in multi‐stressed, single‐mother families: A cross‐lagged panel model
Authors: Jiang Qingyu , Wang Dan , Yang Zhenqiao , Choi Jeong‐Kyun
Published: June 2022

Investigations on the bidirectional relationships between parenting stress and child behavior problems are important to inform intervention strategies; however, prior research has provided inconsistent findings. Using a national sample of multi‐stressed single‐mother families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, the present study examined the bidirectional relationships between maternal parenting stress and children's behavioral problems spanning from early childhood through adolescence at the child's ages 3, 5, 9, and 15. Reciprocal transactions were found between parenting stress and behavior problems in early childhood between the ages 3 and 5. From age 5 to age 15, our findings also suggest that children's behavior problems at an earlier time point predict mothers' parenting stress at a later time point. Unexpectedly, the lagged effects of parenting stress on child behavior problems in school ages were not significant in our sampled data. Early childhood interventions should address mitigating both parenting stress and their toddlers' behavior problems. During middle childhood and adolescence, interventions to directly address children's behavior problems are critical both to the well‐being of mothers and to assist in the reduction in levels of behavior problems.
Impact of bodyweight‐based starting doses on the safety and efficacy of lenvatinib in primarily Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Okusaka Takuji , Kudo Masatoshi , Ikeda Kenji , Ikeda Masafumi , Okita Kiwamu , Sugawara Michiko , Tamai Toshiyuki , Ren Min , Saito Kenichi , Kumada Hiromitsu
Published: June 2022

Aim

The phase III REFLECT study utilized bodyweight‐based lenvatinib dosing in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, based on results of the phase II Study 202. This post hoc analysis compared efficacy and safety in patients with lower and higher bodyweights.

Methods

This comparison included patients from Study 202 (Japanese, n = 43; Korean, n = 3) and Japanese patients from REFLECT (n = 81) who received lenvatinib. In Study 202, all patients received a starting dose of lenvatinib 12 mg/day; in REFLECT, patients received starting doses based on bodyweight (patients <60 kg, 8 mg/day; ≥60 kg, 12 mg/day). Safety and efficacy were assessed in both studies according to bodyweight.

Results

In Study 202, treatment‐related, treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) led to dose reductions in 80.8% and 55.0% of patients in the lower and higher bodyweight groups, respectively. In REFLECT, treatment‐related TEAEs led to dose reductions in 52.5% and 70.7% of patients in the 8 and 12 mg groups, respectively. In Study 202, median overall survival (OS) was 16.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8–25.1) and 21.3 months (95% CI, 10.1–not estimable) in the lower and higher bodyweight groups, respectively. In REFLECT, median OS was 15.8 months (95% CI, 10.4–27.6) and 18.2 months (95% CI, 11.3–26.9) in the 8 and 12 mg groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Comparison between patients in Study 202 and REFLECT demonstrates efficacy was maintained with improved safety in patients with lower bodyweights who received lenvatinib 8 mg/day in REFLECT versus patients who received lenvatinib 12 mg/day in Study 202.
Present status and future directions: Surgical endodontics
Authors: Setzer Frank C. , Kratchman Samuel I.
Published: June 2022

Endodontic surgery encompasses several procedures for the treatment of teeth with a history of failed root canal treatment, such as root‐end surgery, crown and root resections, surgical perforation repair and intentional replantation. Endodontic microsurgery is the evolution of the traditional apicoectomy techniques and incorporates high magnification, ultrasonic root‐end preparation and root‐end filling with biocompatible filling materials. Modern endodontic surgery uses the dental operating microscope, incorporates cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) for preoperative diagnosis and treatment planning, and has adopted piezoelectric approaches to osteotomy and root manipulation. Crown and root resection techniques have benefitted from the same technological advances. This review focuses on the current state of root‐end surgery by comparing the techniques and materials applied during endodontic microsurgery to the most widely used earlier methods and materials. The most recent additions to the clinical protocol and technical improvements are discussed, and an outlook on future directions is given. Whilst nonsurgical retreatment remains the first choice to address most cases with a history of endodontic failure, modern endodontic microsurgery has become a predictable and minimally invasive alternative for the retention of natural teeth.
The Burden of Double Deviation in Services: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Suresh Priyanka , Chawla Vaibhav
Published: June 2022

Double deviation (failure to satisfactorily recover from a service failure) is a common phenomenon that has recently attracted significant research interest, but the academic literature lacks a study mapping and synthesizing the field. This article undertakes filling this gap by systematically reviewing the double deviation literature. The review classifies the literature into causes, consequences, moderators, and double service recovery and identifies research themes and future research directions within them. Key current research themes are ineffective recovery remedies and cognitive appraisal criteria as causes; emotivational goals, revengeful and reparative behaviours as consequences; firm–customer relationship‐based variables as moderators; and unique tactics of double service recovery. Reassessing the scope of double deviation, uncovering customers' discrete emotions during double deviation and ascertaining the commercial viability of double service recovery are some recommendations for future research.