bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light in Skin Rejuvenation
Authors: Mohammad Meram Adel , El-Husseiny Rania Mahmoud , Elsamahy May Hussein
Published: October 2021

Background

The pathology of skin aging is a very complex process. There are extrinsic and intrinsic factors which contribute to the pathogenesis of skin aging. Intrinsic (chronological) aging is caused by inherited genes, and extrinsic aging caused by many external factors such as exposure to the sun. With increasing age, more people are seeking to maintain the health of their skin and the demand for treatment of aged skin has raised.(1)

Aim of the Work

To evaluate the efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light in skin rejuvenation with assessment by antera 3D camera.

Patients and Methods

This study is a single arm interventional study which included 21adult housewives female patients complaining of different signs of facial photodamage, their age ranged between 30 -40 years, recruited from outpatient dermatology clinic of Ain Shams University Hospital, from June 2018 to January 2019. Patients were subjected to 4 sessions of IPL treatments 2 weeks apart for skin rejuvenation. Evaluation of treatment response was done through Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), Antera 3D camera and patient satisfaction score.

Results

There was highly significant decrease in indentation index of wrinkles, roughness index of skin and average level of melanin (average of whole face) measured by Antera 3D camera after last IPL treatment session (p value=0.001).

Conclusion

IPL is proven to be safe and elicited a significant skin rejuvenating effect without prolonged downtime.It is effective in treating various manifestations of photodamaged skin, as consistently enchoed by patient satisfaction scores, GAIS and Antera 3D camera results.
Efficacy and Tolerability of N-Acetyl-Cysteine for Treatment of The Early-onset Androgenetic Alopecia in Men
Authors: El Sayed Mahira Hamdy , Soltan Marwa Yassin , Sadek Ahmed , Hussein Mohamed Mohamed Abo Shabana
Published: October 2021

Background

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss in men, involves the progressive loss of visible pigmented terminal hair on the scalp in response to circulating androgens. AGA is an autosomal disorder which begins in puberty in genetically predisposed individuals.

Aim of the Work

To study the effectiveness and safety of the reactive oxygen species scavenger Nacetyl-cysteine (NAC) as a single therapy and in combination with the topically applied minoxidil for treatment of the early-onset androgenetic alopecia in men.

Patients and Methods

The present study included 100 patients with male pattern hair loss whose age ranged from 18 to 30 years old, recruited from dermatology clinics in Ain Shams University Hospital and Kafr El Sheik University Hospital.

Results

Overall, all treatments could improve significantly some of the trichoscopic parameters as compared to the control group who did not receive any treatment. The number of terminal hair count increased and the vellus hair count decreased in response to either of treatments; minoxidil, NAC, or both as compared to control. These changes were noticed at both the vertex and frontotemporal sites. The treatment was generally tolerable and the side effects encountered did not necessitate stoppage of the treatment course.

Conclusion

On the basis of the findings of current study we can conclude that, the role of trichoscopy in increasing the accuracy for diagnosing hair disorders as well as to detect response or failure to treatment, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improved significantly most of the trichoscopic features of AGA and it was was generally tolerable and the side effects encountered did not necessitate stoppage of the treatment course.
The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on the Treatment Outcome of Minigraft/NB-UVB Therapy in Stable Vitiligo: Clinical Evaluation and Effect on Tissue levels of bFGF
Authors: Salem Samar Abdallah Mohamed , Soltan Marwa Yassin , El Khazragy Nashwa , Fezea Tabarek Abdulkhaleq
Published: October 2021

Background

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder resulting from loss of melanocytes which causes depigmentation of the skin. Clinically, it is characterized by the progressive loss of melanocytes causing the appearance of well-circumscribed milky white cutaneous macules and patches

Aim of the Work

to evaluate the efficacy of PRP as an additive treatment to the minigraft/NB-UVB treatments for stable localized vitiligo and the effect of this treatment on the expression of bFGF in the lesional treated vitiliginous skin compared before and after the course of treatment.

Patients and Methods

The study represents a prospective interventional comparative study. It was conducted on 17 patients diagnosed as stable vitiligo. All patients were selected from the dermatology outpatient vitiligo clinic of Ain-Shams University hospital from April 2018 to June 2019. All subjects who participated in this study gave written informed consents. The study was approved by the research ethical committee of Ain-Shams University (Approval Number: FWA 000017585) and fulfilled all the ethical aspects required in human research.

Results

We found that the addition of PRP to minigraft resulted in earlier repigmentation as assessed by VESTA score; however, at the follow up end (one month following the end of treatment), both modalities resulted in a similar response as regards the repigmentation percent and improvement in VESTA score. The addition of the PRP to the minigraft didn’t result in a superior improvement than minigraft alone.

Conclusion

Both minigraft and PRP-assisted minigraft followed by NB-UVB sessions are effective method to induce repigmentation in stable vitiligo.
A Comparative study between topical 15% potassium hydroxide and 20% Salicylic acid in treatment of multiple palmoplantar warts
Authors: Elmoalef Wafa Sleman , Elsayed Mahira Hamdy , Elhusseiny Rania Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

Warts are one of the most common benign neoplasms. Warts are induced by over 100 types of human papillomavirus (HPVs) and can affect any race. Various treatments were considered to treat warts, of which topical salicylic acid and KOH are the most commonly used choices.

Aim of the study

To compare between the efficacy, safety and recurrence rate of topical 15% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 20% Salicylic acid in the treatment of multiple palm plantar warts.

Patients and methods

study included 40 patients complaining of multiple palmar and/or planter warts 2 lesions at least. Each patient was treated by: Salicylic acid 20% used on one lesion and topical 15% KOH preparation used on another lesion. Assessment of patients’ response was done through clinical and dermoscopic examination.

Results

Salicylic acid results revealed that 5% of the treated lesions showed Clinical improvement without dermoscopic clearance, 40% showed Clinical clearance with dermoscopic remnants while 55% showed Clinical and dermoscopic clearance. KOH treated warts showed 5% of the treated lesions had clinical improvement without dermoscopic clearance, 25% showed clinical clearance with dermoscopic remnants while 70% showed clinical and dermoscopic clearance.

Conclusion

KOH therapy as well as patient satisfaction showed higher significant treatment response compared to salicylic acid therapy with less encountered side effects.
Assessment of Human Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2) in Androgenetic Alopecia in Egyptian Men
Authors: Diab Heba Mahmoud , Soltan Marwa Yassin , El-khazragy Nashwa , Abdullah Alaa Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Background

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men. It is commonly known as a male pattern baldness. It is characterized by a stepwise miniaturization of the hair follicle, resulting from alteration in the hair cycle dynamics, leading to vellus transformation of terminal hair follicle. In AGA, the duration of anagen phase gradually decreases and that of telogen phase increases, the maximum length of the new anagen hair becomes shorter than that of its predecessor, leading to miniaturization and eventually a bald appearance.

Aim of the work

To assess the expression of NRF2 in the scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia.

Patients and Methods

This case control study included 28 male patients whose age ranged from 18 to 45 years old. They were diagnosed as having AGA according to Norwood-Hamilton scale. Further, 28 age and sex matched healthy male controls were recruited. All patients and controls were recruited from the dermatology outpatient clinic of Ain-Shams University Hospitals, during the period of September 2018 to April 2019.

Results

A group of Twenty-eight male patients with AGA were recruited to the study. The of patients ranged from 18 to 45 years (mean = 33.46 years ± 9.9 SD). Twenty-eight age matched male healthy volunteers without AGA were e recruited. The majority of AGA patients had positive family history of AGA in their first degree relatives. None of our patients had a medical history of systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus or hypertension.

Conclusion

The current study showed that alteration of Nrf2 levels may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AGA.
Role of Stem Cells in Treatment of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: El-Halaby Hesham , El-Kahky Ayman , Taha Hesham , Abu-Zahra Fatma , Nada Ihab , Mahmoud Ahmed Saeed
Published: October 2021

Background

More than 5% of the world population lives with a hearing impairment. The main factors responsible for hearing degeneration are ototoxic drugs, aging, continued exposure to excessive noise and infections. The pool of adult stem cells in the inner ear drops dramatically after birth, and therefore an endogenous cellular source for regeneration is absent.

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss as regarding permanent regeneration of the auditory hair cells.

Materials and Methods

It is a prospective study which was performed in the period of May 2019 till December 2019 and encountered 40 adult male guinea pigs, aged 6 to 8 weeks (body weight 250-500 gram). 30 guinea pigs had been subjected to right side intratympanic injection of Garamycin sulphate to induce sensorineural hearing loss then the 30 animals were subdivided after that into 2 groups; Group A (15 animals) were treated by mesenchymal stem cells implantation in right inner ear cochlea and group B (15 animals) left untreated and the remaining 10 guinea pigs; Group C left normally as a control group.

Results

As respect to histopathological examination, 100% of animals in group B (n = 15) expressed severe degenerative changes in the peripheral organs. The outer hair cells showed severe destruction with individual loss of the inner hair cells. Also the supporting cells of Corti’s organ presented severe necrosis which was more relevant in the basal turns. We used the bone marrow differentiated MSCs to evaluate their potency in regeneration of the damaged and lost sensorineural elements in gentamicin injured cochlea. In group A (n = 15) 9 out of 15 (60%) expressed profound regeneration and 4 out of 15 (26.66%) expressed early regenerative changes, while 2 animals (13.33%) expressed less degenerative changes which impacted by gentamicin.

Conclusion

Stem cell transplantation is a promising approach for hearing loss therapy. The choice of stem cell type for transplantation plays a crucial role in the outcome. MSCs are multipotent cells that can be isolated from adult bone marrow and can be induced to differentiate into a variety of tissues in vitro and in vivo.
The Effect of Injection of Saline Adrenaline (1/100000) 15ml versus 5ml on the Skin Edema and Thickness in Rhinoplasty Intraoperative
Authors: Rabie Amr Nabil , Begermy Marwa Mohamed El , Mohammed Mohammed Abdelaleem , Mohamed Marwa Saeed Yassin
Published: October 2021

Background

Nasal skin edema is a common result of soft and bony tissue trauma during rhinoplastic procedures. In a cosmetic surgery like rhinoplasty, skin edema can fade the cosmetic results and can lead to dissatisfaction for both the surgeon and the patient. Local saline /adrenaline injection is claimed to reduce the nasal skin edema intraoperative.

Aim of the work

To assess effect of injection of saline adrenaline (1/100000) 15ml versus 5ml on the skin oedema and thickness during rhinoplasty through thesis study.

Subjects and Methods

In this study 30 cases of rhinoplasty will be operated, 15 cases will be injected by saline adrenaline (1/100000) of 5ml and the others 15 cases will be injected by saline adrenaline (1/100000) of 15 ml, then measuring the skin oedema after 10 minutes of saline adrenaline (1/100000) injection, after 30 minutes and after 60 minutes of the injection at three sites; the dorsum, supratip and the tip of the nose by Seal Gouge Caliper (surgical caliber).

Results

the intraoperative skin edema was significantly decreased with local injection of large amount (15ml) of saline /adrenaline 1/100000 than the usual injected amount (5ml) saline /adrenaline 1/100000 specially at the tip and the supratip of the nose and specially at 30 min and 60 min after injection, but statistically significance difference only at 60min at the dorsum.

Conclusion

that the skin oedema much less with injection of 15ml of saline adrenaline (1/100000) in comparison to injection of 5ml of saline adrenaline (1/100000).
Detection of TNF-α as a Cofactor in the Pathogenesis of Nasal Polypi
Authors: Abdelraaof Mohammed , Kamal Tarek Mostafa , Maarouf Ahmed Mahmoud , Ali Zeinab RezkAbd-elnazer
Published: October 2021

Background

Nasal Polyposis (NP) is a complex multi-factorial disease; associated with several environmental, genetic and inflammatory factors. TNF-alpha is one of the major pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in NP pathogenesis. Some of the polymorphisms of this gene affect its expression.

Aim of the Work

To evaluate the polymorphism of TNF-alpha G/A308 gene and its association with nasal polyposis in Egypt.

Patients and Methods

In this case-control study, 25 patients with NP and 25 healthy individuals referred to Ain Shams University hospital were evaluated. After DNA extraction, RFLP-PCR was used to determine polymorphism. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency distribution of genotype and alleles of TNFalpha gene with NP. The frequency of genotype G/G, A/A and G/A in the NP group was 8, 40 and 52%, and in the control group was 76, 1 and 5%, respectively.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference between genotype G/G in two groups (P = 0.0001). In addition, the frequency of allele A in patients and controls was 10 and 1%, respectively; and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The findings of this study demonstrated that polymorphism in TNF-alpha gene might be a risk factor for NP in Egypt and the minor frequency of TNF-alpha G308A allele in the current study is slightly more than other major populations. However, more investigations with high number of population are necessary in future.

Conclusion

According to scientific evidence on TNF-α gene promoter G/A 308 polymorphism in Egypt, it seems that the pattern of genotypic distribution in all areas is the same. However, we found the greater amount of allele A in this study compared with the control group, and the occurrence of G/A genotype related to NP but for more valid results, a larger sample size is necessary. However on our results this polymorphism might be considered as a risk factor of susceptibility of NP in Egyptian people.
Efficiency of Cruroplasty as a Treatment of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease in Morbid Obese Patients with Hiatus Hernia during SleeveGastrectomy
Authors: Sabry Alaa Abbas , Shafik Youhanna Shohdy , Sabry Ahmed Mohamed , Wanees Andrew Nasr Faris
Published: October 2021

Background

The effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial. Although concomitant hiatal hernia repair (HHR) at the time of LSG is common and advocated by many, there are few data on the outcomes of GERD symptoms in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concomitant HHR on GERD symptoms in morbidly obese patients undergoing LSG.

Aim of the Work

To analyse the impact of hiatal hernia repair (HHR) on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in morbidly obese patients with hiatus hernia undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Patients and Methods

This is a retrospective cohart study. We collected the data of Patients who underwent lap sleeve gastrectomy with cruroplsty in the same operation in the period between July 2018 and July 2019.

Results

Before surgery, symptomatic GERD was present in 14 patients (70%), and HH was diagnosed In 20 patients (100%), HH was diagnosed pre-operatively. The mean follow-up was 6 months. GERD remission occurred in 18 patients (90%). In the remaining 2 patients, antireflux medications were diminished, with complete control of symptoms. HH recurrences developed in 1 patient (10%). "De novo" GERD symptoms developed in 22.9% of the patients undergoing SG alone compared with 0% of patients undergoing SG plus HHR.

Conclusion

SG with HHR is feasible and safe, providing good management of GERD in obese patients with reflux symptoms. Small hiatal defects could be underdiagnosed at preoperative endoscopy and/or upper gastrointestinal contrast study. Thus, a careful examination of the crura is always recommended intraoperatively.
New techniques in the repair of anal sphincter between success and failure
Authors: Darwish Ahmed A , Khalil Ahmed A , Hamed Mohammed A , AbdAlrahem ElnagehA
Published: October 2021

Background

Fecal incontinence is a frequent and debilitating condition that may result from a multitude of different causes. It is defined as the uncontrolled passage of faeces or gas over at least 1 month’s duration, in an individual of at least 4 years of age, who had previously achieved control.

Aim of Work

to evaluate the outcome of overlap anal sphincter repair as regard the anal continence and postoperative complications.

Patients and Methods

this is a prospective clinical trial was conducted on thirty (30) patients presented to Ain-Shams University hospitals with anal sphincter injury that were operated upon by a modified overlap repair done by the same surgical team. Endoanal ultrasonography was done and Wexner continence score was estimated for all cases preoperatively and postoperatively. All patients sharing in the study were fully informed about the procedure they had with a written informed consent.

Results

In this study the mean preoperative Wexner score was 12.9 and the mean postoperative Wexner was 4.8; this reduction was found to be significant (p value=0.001). Also endoanal ultrasound showed that tear size significantly reduced among the studied cases(p value=0.001).

Conclusion

from this study that overlapping sphincter repair is an effective method in the treatment of faecal incontinence in patients with repairable sphincter defects. However, long term follow up is required to confirm its efficacy.
Modified Sinotomy with Marsuplization versus Excision with Lay Open in Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus Disease
Authors: Abdeer Ashraf Farouk , Elhefny Amr Mohamed , Gerges Wadie Boshra , Sawires John Sobhy Mamlouk
Published: October 2021

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common infection of the skin in the gluteal cleft, with a prevalence of 0.7% in the general population. Pilonidal sinus can occur in many different areas of the body but most are found in the sacrococcygeal area, in the natal cleft, approximately 5 cm from the anus. This is a prospective comparative randomized study conducted at Department of General Surgery, Imbaba General Hospital to compare the modified sinotomy with marsupialization versus excision with lay open in treatment of pilonidal sinus disease. Pre-study power analysis revealed that a sample size of 30 patients in each group would be sufficient with 80% power and a P value of 0.05. The perfect approach for the management of PNS should be simple, cause minimal pain, have best chance for success and least recurrence rate with low risk for complications, avoid general anesthesia, require minimal wound care, and ensure minimal inconvenience for the patient with rapid return to normal activity. Number of Patients participated in this study were n = 60 77% of the participants were males aged from 17-52 and 26.3 works as drivers. Operative time in modified sinotomy group ranged from 20-40 minutes and in lay open group ranged from 20-35 min (P-value: 0.07).

Presence of hair in the back in the modified sinotomy group in 83.3% while in the lay open group 76.6% (P-value: 0.004).

In conclusion,

we believe that execution of a minimally invasive surgical technique for PSD can be among the most important methods for treating not only primary PSD but also complicated and recurrent PSD cases.
Effectiveness of White test versus conventional saline test in minimizing biliary leak in partial liver resection in living donor liver transplant
Authors: Mahmoud Amr Ahmed Abd-Elaal , Saber Hatem Sayed , Ibrahim Mahmoud Mohamed Elsayed
Published: October 2021

Background

Intra-operative bile leakage testing is very important in partial liver resection in living donor liver transplant as it allows detection of bile leaking points on the cut surface and decreases postoperative bile leak which is one of the most dreadful complication following liver transplant surgery. In this study we tried to assess the Effectiveness of White test versus conventional saline test in minimizing biliary leak in partial liver resection in living donor liver transplant.

Objective

In this study, we assess whether the White test is better than the conventional saline test for the intraoperative detection of biliary leakage in patients who will undergo partial liver resection as living donor liver transplant.

Methodology

In this study, we assess whether the White test is better than the conventional saline test for the intraoperative detection of bile leakage in patients who underwent partial liver resection as a living donor liver transplant. This study included 60 patients who received partial liver resection as a living donor liver transplant. The conventional saline test (injecting an isotonic sodium chloride solution through the cystic duct) was carried out in 30 patients and the White test (injecting a fat emulsion solution through the cystic duct) was carried out in 30 patients

Results

Incidence of postoperative bile leakage was compared between the conventional method and the White test. Bile leakage occurred in 8 patients (26.7%) in the conventional method group and in 2 patients (6.7%) in the White test group. In addition, the White test detected intraoperative a significantly higher number of bile leakage sites compared with the conventional method. The White test is better than the conventional test for the intraoperative detection of bile leakage.

Conclusion

Based on our study, we recommend that surgeons investigating bile leakage sites during liver resections should use the White test instead of the conventional saline test.
Short-Term Results of Single-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass After Failed Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Sabry Alaa Abbas , Abd-Elsamee Karim Sabry , Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim , Abd-Elsalam Mohammed Mohamed Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Background

It is already known that Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has gained popularity as a stand-alone procedure with good short-term results for weight loss. However, in the long-term, weight regain is considered as a complication. Demand for secondary surgery is rising, partly for this reason, but through that study we try to discover the efficacy of conversion of failed sleeve gastrectomy to one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) regarding weight loss and metabolic outcomes.

Objective

To asses the efficacy and safety of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) as a conversion surgery post Sleeve Gastrectomy failure as regard weight loss and metabolic outcomes.

Patients and Methods

This study is a retrospective cohort study which included 20 patients underwent one anastomosis gastric bypass at Ain-Shams University El-Demerdash Hospital, Cairo, Egypt and specialized bariatric center, Cairo, Egypt From February 2019 to July 2019 with 6 months of postoperative follow up till January 2019.

Results

In this study, we reviewed and analyzed the outcomes from the revision of the SG due to either inadequate weight loss or weight regain to one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) with %EBWL of 6.65% at 1 month, 13.61 % at 3 months and 20.86% at 6 months.

Conclusion

OAGB appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic technique as a revisional surgery for failed primary SG with good short-term results for treating morbid obesity and its associated comorbidities with a significantly low rate of complications. However the EBWL was less than what is reported after primary OAGB weight. Multicenter studies with larger series of patients and longer term follow up after SG revisions to OAGB are warranted.
Evaluation of Catheter Directed Thrombolytic Therapy versus Systemic Anticoagulant Therapy of Acute Ilio-Femoral Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Akhnoukh Samy Gamil , Wahba Ramez Monuir , Mahmoud Nabil Gamal Abd Elnaser
Published: October 2021

Background

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality all-over the world. Complications include pulmonary embolism (PE), post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), phlegmasia alba dolens, phlegmasia cerulea dolens and venous gangrene. The PTS is the most common cause of long-term morbidity and disability among the previous complications.

Aim of the Work

The aim of this work is evaluation of the regional catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy versus standard systemic anticoagulant therapy in cases of acute ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis as regard to efficacy, safety as well as complications.

Patients and Methods

This study was conducted on 30 patients presented to the vascular surgery unit of Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital between February, 2019 and August, 2019 with acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (less than two weeks duration). Of the 30 patients, 18 were females and 12 were males. The age of the patients ranged between 22 and 55 years.

Results

The outcome results of early Follow up of the thrombolytic therapy was complete recanalization in 30.7% of the cases, partial re-canalization in 53.8% of the cases and poor recanalization in the remaining cases15.3%.While the follow up results of anticoagulant therapy was complete re-canalization in 6.7% of the cases, partial re-canalization in 60% of cases and poor recanalization in the remaining cases 33.3%

Conclusion

Catheter directed thrombolytic therapy using streptokinase, as a lytic agent in the treatment of acute ilio-femoral DVT is a safe and efficient technique.
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Diabetic Complications in Elderly Diabetics
Authors: Elsobky H , Hamza SA , Abdul-Rahman SA , Saber HG , Ali MA , Hussein MS , Amer MS
Published: October 2021

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by metabolic disturbances with increasing prevalence worldwide. Individuals with diabetes mellitus present with several micro- and macro vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. A higher body mass index (BMI) raises the risk of having uncontrolled diabetes and complications related to it, such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, nervous system and eye problems. However, recent studies have reported that being overweight may confer a protective effect against all-cause mortality and on the life expectancy of diabetic patients; this has been termed the obesity paradox. The aim to explore the association between BMI and diabetic complications among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted on 60 elderly diabetic males and females aged ≥ 60 years recruited from the inpatient wards and outpatient clinics of Mansoura university hospitals. The sample was divided into 3groups: the first group was comprised of 26 elderly diabetic patients with normal BMI. The second group was comprised of 24 overweight elderly diabetic. The third group was comprised of 10 obese elderly diabetic. Full history taking, clinical examination, BMI measurement (kg/m2) were obtained from all participants.

Results

The current study showed that there was insignificant differences regarding BMI between the study groups. Hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic coma were least frequent among obese cases, while neuropathy was more frequent among cases with normal BMI. But neither of these relationships was statistically significant Conclusions:

Any increase in BMI above normal weight levels was not associated with an increased risk of having complications of diabetes mellitus.
Comparative Study on the Effect of Adipose tissue derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Metformin on Age-related Structural Changes of the Cerebellum in Albino Rat
Authors: Doaa Karem M. M , Ahmed Soheir K , Saleh Hanan A , Hamam Ghada Galal
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Aging is a normal physiological process that affects all organs in the body including the cerebellum. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug that is used in some age-related diseases. Regenerative medicine using adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) is an emerging promising strategy.

Aim

to compare between the role of ADMSCs and metformin on the age-related structural changes of the cerebellum in female albino rats.

Materials and methods

Fifty-five female rats of different ages (4, 12 and 24 months) were included in this study. They were divided into three groups according to their ages: Group I (Adult rats), Group II (Old rats) and Group III (Senile rats). Group II and Group III were subdivided into three subgroups, Subgroup a: rats were left without treatment, Subgroup b: rats were given a single dose of 1X106 ADMSCs via tail vein. Subgroup c: Rats received300 mg/kg metformin/day orally. Rats were sacrificed after four weeks. The cerebellum was collected and processed for H&E, Toluidine blue and immuno-histochemical reaction using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

Results

Histological examination of the cerebellum of the subgroups IIa and IIIa revealed age-related structural changes in comparison to group I. Purkinje cells appeared distorted with irregular outline. Some Purkinje cells were seen shrunken while others appeared ballooned. Focal loss of Purkinje cells was also noticed. Granular layer contained small widely separated granule cells. GFAP reaction revealed an apparent decrease in number of astrocytes and their processes. The structural changes were more obvious in subgroup IIIa. In ADMSCs treated subgroups (IIbandIIIb); more noticeable improvement of these changes was noticed compared to the corresponding metformin treated subgroups (IIc and IIIc).

Conclusion

ADMSCs was more effective than metformin in preventing some age-related structural changes of the cerebellum.
Histological Study On Using Ileal Submucosa In Repairing Urinary Bladder Defect In Adult Albino Rat
Authors: Saeed Eman Gomaa El , Moussa Manal H , Hammouda Gehad A , Omar Sahar M. M
Published: October 2021

Background

Repairing urinary bladder (UB) defect by enterocystoplasty remains the gold standard surgical bladder reconstruction procedure to increase the capacity and compliance of dysfunctional bladders. However, many complications were recorded.

Aim of the work

This work aimed to compare the consequences of reconstruction of urinary bladder defect using untreated small intestinal submucosal (SIS) matrix versus seeded and unseeded decellularized SIS matrix.

Material and Methods

Fifty female albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: Group I (Control) included ten adult rats from which ileal tissue was obtained. Group II included ten adult rats in which their UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS. Group III included twenty adult rats that were subdivided into two subgroups, 10 rats each; Subgroup IIIA where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS and subgroup IIIb where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS seeded with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs).Ten young rats were used for preparation of AMSCs. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also performed.

Results

In rats where UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS, the graft area showed loss of epithelial polarity, presence of intraepithelial cysts and occasional extension of urothelium to the outer surface forming fistula. There were areas of metaplasia with the appearance PAS positive cells. In the lamina propria, there was areas of lymphocytic infiltration together with significant increase in the collagen fiber deposition (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease thickness of muscle layer as compared to control (p < 0.05). In rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS, urothelium in the graft area showed occasional squamous metaplasia and often the urothelium extended to the deeper layers forming Brunn's nest. There was minimal muscle regeneration in the graft area. However, in rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs, the urothelium in the graft area was nearly similar to control group with uniform urothelium thickness, minimal collagen fibers deposition and thick muscle layer that showed no significant difference from the control (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs showed better results compared to non-seeded and cellular SIS in reconstructing urinary bladder defects.
A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study on the Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Rat Lung Tissue
Authors: Elshakaa Nagwa , Bahaa Nevine , Zeid Asmaa Abo , Latif Heba Abdel
Published: October 2021

Background

Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique and novel properties that lead to a diverse array of products with applications in diagnosis, drug delivery, food industry, paints, electronics, environmental cleanup, cosmetics and sunscreens. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most widely used engineered nanoparticles in consumer products. They are utilized in many commercial products including cosmetics, paints, textiles, and personal hygiene products. The study aimed to assess the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles administered Intranasal or intravenous on lung tissue.

Materials & methods

twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into Group I; control group, group II (Intranasal administered group) group II (Intravenous administered group). The animals were injected with 4 mg/kg of ZnO NPs. Rat Lungs were processed for histological, immunohistochemical.

Results

ZnO NPs caused thickening of interalveolar septa. Mononuclear cells were seen infiltrating the interalveolar septa. Many dilated blood vessels exhibited focal disruption and focal thickening of their wall. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) immune reactivity was significantly increased. These findings increased mainly in the intranasal administered group when compared with the intravenous group.

Conclusion

ZnO

NPs administration caused toxic effects on the histological structure of albino rat lung.
Relationship between Gastroesophageal Reflux and IL-8
Authors: Youssef Tarek M , Ghandour Ahmed M. El , Hassan Afaf Z , Ahmed Ahmed El metwally
Published: October 2021

Background

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that develops by reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus, and causes troublesome symptoms, such as heartburn and regurgitation.

Aim of the work

to evaluate the serum level of IL-8 in patients of GERD with its degrees including NERD and refractory GERD and normal controls.

Patients and Methods

The study included four groups of patients, Group-1 including 15 patients with GERD symptoms who didn’t receive treatment or who received treatment for less than 8 weeks with improvement of symptoms, Group-2 including 15 Patients with NERD, group-3 including 15 patients with refractory GERD and who received PPIs for more than 8 weeks without improvement of symptoms and group-4 of normal controls.

Results

serum IL8 level was elevated in the group of refractory GERD more than the group of GERD more than the group of NERD more than normal controls. Relation between serum IL8 and pathological findings in each group included in the study revealed statistically significant difference, in the group of GERD IL8 was elevated in the cases of severe reflux oesophagitis more than mild reflux oesophagitis more than moderate reflux oesophagitis more than barrets esophagitis, there is statistically significant difference. While in patients with refractory GERD IL8 was elevated in the cases of severe oesophagitis more than the cases of moderate reflux oesophagitis, there is statistically not significant difference

Conclusion

Serum Interleukin-8 (IL8) level was elevated in patients with refractory GERD more than patients with GERD more than patients of NERD more than normal controls. Pathological features that we found in patients with GERD were moderate reflux oesophagitis (52%) more than mild reflux oesophagitis (40%) more than severe reflux oesophagitis (8%), while in patients with refractory GERD there were severe reflux oesophagitis (56%) more than Barrett's esophagitis (28%) more than moderate reflux oesophagitis (16%).
Assessment of myostatin in obese males and females with and without fatty liver
Authors: Makhlof Mohammed A , Salama Mohamed M , Elessawy Hagar A , Elhaj Isam B
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This study was carried out to assess myostatin levels in obese males and females with and without fatty liver.

Methodology

This is a comparative case control study was conducted in Ain Shams University hospital. Patients were divided into two groups. Group1: 40 obese patients of both sexes (20 of them with fatty liver and 20 without fatty liver) Group 2: 40 normal weight patients of both sexes (20 with fatty liver and 20 without) In this study we considered the serum concentration of myostatin seems to range from 7 to 32 ng/ml in the general population as in the literature All participating patients have to sign informed oral or written consent after through explanation of the purpose and procedure of the study. The current protocol is to be approved by the Ethical Committee of Internal Medicine Department and the Ethical Committee of Faculty of medicine Ain shams University. The collected data was be tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS program (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software version 20.0 Descriptive statistics was done for numerical parametric data as mean+-SD (standard deviation) and minimum and maximum of the range and for numerical non parametric data The level of significance is taken at p value <0.050 is significant otherwise is non-significant.

Results

The body mass index (BMI) among the groups of patients is significantly associated with gender and the present or absent of fatty liver. Statistically significant with value (0.000) BMI is significantly associated with gender in the present or absent of fatty liver. Statistically significant with value 0.005 Very few report myostatin level less than the normal value 2/80 (2.5%), normal range was only 12/80 (15%) and those reported high range of myostatin were 66/80 (82.5%). The myostatin level is significantly associated the BMI. 95% CI of difference were between 103.25 to 233.9. Std. error of mean is 32.84. Statistically significant with value (0.000) where it is considered to be significant with value <0.05.

Conclusion

This study revealed the association between BMI, gender and elevated myostatin at level of statistically significant value. The majority of the study population reported high range of myostatin were in about 82.5% the range was above the normal values. A large scale, multicentre study to provide strong evidence was recommended.
Racial Differences in Food Allergy Phenotype and Health Care Utilization among Egyptian & USA Patients
Authors: Elmazaly Ahmed Y , Refaat Maged M , Assa’ad Amal H , Fares Mohamed N , Abdel Latif Osama M , Mohamed Manar F
Published: October 2021

Introduction

This research is to answer the question of whether socio-economic class and the environmental factors associated with it has an impact on the presentation of food allergy (FA) in the Egyptian population, including serum IgE, sensitization to different foods and the impact on the family.

Methods

The study was conducted over 50 patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated FA aged less than 12 years, All patients were subjected to FA-related QOL Questionnaire. The study investigated age, gender, duration of pregnancy, mode of delivery, birth place, parental education, annual household income and household size as proxy sociodemographic variables.

Results

Low SES as regard low household income, small household size, more crowded household and low level of parental education, showed an impact on FA; Milk was the most common food allergen (60%) with late self-reporting FA cases; In contrast to high SES patients showed higher household income, bigger household size with less crowded household and higher level of parental education; Egg was the most common food allergen (56%) with earlier self-reporting of FA. With no significant deference as regard to sex preference (Male predominance), childhood infections, pre-natal & first year antibiotics use, pets in the house, household smoking, symptoms of FA, number & severity of reactions, history of anaphylaxis, number of ER visits & hospitalization and history of associated allergies.

Conclusion

SES is a proxy measure for lifestyle features and characteristics including dietary habits, allergen exposure and other environmental factors and it is an important risk factor for atopic dermatitis, rhinitis and food allergy.
Impact of the vascular access on morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zaki Ali Mahmoud Mohamed , Elsaeed Tamer Waheed , hassan Mohamed Saeed , Ahmed Al Shaimaa Ebrahem
Published: October 2021

Background

Patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD) have high rates of mortality and morbidity. Adequate dialysis is essential to maintain a high quality of life and survival in these patients. Vascular access is also known as a ‘lifeline’ for patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). Complications associated with vascular access result in frequent hospitalizations and often require intervention. These complications have significant impacts on the morbidity and mortality of dialysis patients, while also leading to high medical costs. As a result, having a wellfunctioning point of vascular access is very important. We aimed to study the prevelance of different types of vascular access and practice patterns at Ain Shams university hospitals and to study the impact of vascular access related problems on morbidity and mortality.

Patients and Methods

This study is a prospective cohort study conducted in Ain shams university hospitals dialysis units in which all adults with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) from the three units were included in the study. All patients were assessed as regard basic demographics, patient characteristics and vascular access characteristics. At the start of the study and then after one year data about vascular access related mortality and morbidity were collected. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences, version 2019, SPSS, Inc, Chicago, III, USA)

Results

In our HD population where the majority of catheters were temporary nontunneled catheters, dialysis catheter use was associated with higher mortality and increased hospitalization rates compared with AV access. These results emphasize the urgent need to minimize the use of dialysis catheters.

Conclusion

Using dialysis catheter carries a higher risk for life threatening complications compared to AV access.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Bowel Wall Thickness and Intramural Blood Flow in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sayed Moataz Mohamed , El-Atrebi Kamal El-Deen Abdelrahman , George Tari Magdy Aziz , Marey Hazem Mohamed Abd Elazim
Published: October 2021

Background

Ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease that merely affects the mucosa and submucosa of colon in the form of inflammatory ulcers. Colonoscopy is the gold standard for its diagnosis. For optimal monitoring of disease activity in UC patients, colonoscopy should be performed on a regular basis. However, repeated colonoscopies represent a logistic and economic challenge, as well as significant burden for the patients.

Objectives

Our study aimed to provide an extensive overview of the main pathologic features of gut wall vessels and bowel wall thickness at US examination of UC.

Patients and Methods

This prospective case control study was done on 40 patients confirmed to have UC attending to Outpatient Clinics of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department – Ain-Shams University from October 2018 to Augost 2019. They were divided into two groups: Relapse group: Include 20 patients with active UC disease. Remission group: Include 20 patients with inactive UC disease (in remission state). These two groups were matched with 20 healthy individuals, matched for age and gender and considered to be a control group.

Disease activity was categorized according to the endoscopic Mayo score.Ultrasound and endoscopic findings were compared for each colon segment except for the rectum.

Results

The peak incidence of affected patients was 30–40 years of age. Female predominance compared to male with a ratio of 2.6:1. 20% of remission patients complaining from 1-2 bowel movement while 45% and 50% of relapsing patients suffer from 3-4 and 5 bowel movement respectively. 100%, 100%, 20% and 15% of relapsing patients suffer from bleeding per rectum, abdominal pain, tenesmus and urgency. Higher ESR and CRP and lower hemoglobin in relapsing compared to remission group. Furthermore, The last group has higher value of ESR and CRP and lower value of hemoglobin compared to control group. BWT was significantly thicker in relapse group (4.8±0.7 mm) than of remission (3.55±0.5 mm) compared to control group (1.6±0.5) (p value <0.001). BWT at a cut-offs > 4 mm discriminating between cases with relapse from those with remission and at a cut-offs >4 mm discriminating between mild endoscopic severity from moderate and severe UC. Furthermore, BWT at a cut-offs >4.6 mm discriminating between mild and moderate endoscopic severity from severe UC. Vascular signal number at a cut-offs >1 discriminating between cases with relapse from those with remission and at a cut-offs >2 discriminating between mild and moderate endoscopic severity of UC.

Conclusion

Abdominal ultrasound is a widely available non-invasive method for imaging of UC. It provides a high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosis and monitoring of UC activity.