bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clomiphene citrate: A potential alternative for testosterone therapy in hypogonadal males
Authors: Huijben M. , Lock M. T. W. T. , de Kemp V. F. , Beck J. J. H. , De Kort L. M. O. , van Breda H. M. K.
Published: March 2023

Background

Hypogonadism is a worldwide problem among men causing sexual, physical and mental problems. Testosterone therapy is the first‐choice treatment for male hypogonadism, with several side effects, that is, subfertility. Clomiphene citrate (CC) is an alternative off‐label therapy for a certain group of hypogonadal males, especially for those with an active or future child wish. There is scarce literature in usage of CC for men with hypogonadism. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CC for hypogonadal males.

Methods

In this single‐centre study, men treated with CC for hypogonadism were evaluated retrospectively. Primary outcome was hormonal evaluation including total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Secondary outcomes were hypogonadal symptoms, metabolic and lipid parameters, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), prostate specific antigen (PSA), side effects, the effect of a trial without medication and potential predictors for biochemical and clinical response.

Results

In total, 153 hypogonadal men were treated with CC. Mean TT, FT, LH and FSH increased during treatment. TT increased from 9 to 16 nmol/L, with a biochemical increase in 89% of the patients. In patients who continued CC treatment, an increased level of TT persisted after 8 years of treatment. With CC treatment, 74% of the patients experienced hypogonadal symptom improvement. LH at the lower normal range before CC treatment was predictive for better TT response. During CC therapy, few side effects were reported and no clinical important changes in PSA, Hb and Ht were found.

Conclusion

Clomiphene citrate is an effective therapy on short and long term, improving both clinical symptoms and biochemical markers of male hypogonadism with few side effects and good safety aspects.
Transforming pharmacy practice in Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Haqan Asmaa , Moreau Pierre , Alghanem Sarah , Shaaban Jenan , Alsalem Adel , Hajjiah Adnan , Abdullah Ali Hadi , Al‐Saleh Batool , Al‐Qadi Eman , Al‐Soraj Monerah , Al‐Bader Abdullah
Published: March 2023

In the last few decades, pharmacy services have expanded to fulfil the need for more complex health needs from population worldwide. Moving from ‘product‐centred’ to a ‘patient‐centred’ profession, pharmacists are required to master more professional competencies to deliver high quality pharmaceutical services to their patients and community. In Kuwait pharmacy practice has long been identified as a sector yet to be developed. With the announcement of the ‘new Kuwait vision 2035’ planning for pharmacy practice and workforce development and improvement has become imperative. Academic, professional, and regulatory bodies have collaborated to shape the future of pharmacy profession in the country. The approach described here reflects the initial steps for transforming and advancing the pharmacy profession in Kuwait.
Copper(II)‐TEMPO Interaction
Authors: Mehara Jaya , Roithová Jana
Published: March 2023

Copper(II) complexes with N‐oxyl reactants such as TEMPO can selectively oxidize alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. The proposed copper intermediates of the oxidation reaction were extensively theoretically studied, but they were never experimentally detected. Here, we present an analysis of “frozen” intermediates that contain alcohols without α‐hydrogen atoms, thus preventing oxidation. The copper(II)‐TEMPO complexes with a bipyridine‐type ancillary ligand were isolated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and investigated spectroscopically by cryogenic photodissociation spectroscopy. The vibrational characteristics of the complexes suggest that TEMPO retains its unpaired electron even upon coordination with copper(II). In agreement, the electronic photodissociation spectra of the TEMPO‐copper(II) complexes show a characteristic band for gaseous copper(II) complexes. These results contradict interpretations of some previous density functional theory (DFT) analyses of possible reaction intermediates. The experimental data were confronted with theoretical results obtained by pure DFT (OPBE, TPSS) and hybrid DFT (TPSSH, B3LYP) calculations. The methods favor different ground states and capture various aspects of the experimental results demonstrating a multiconfigurational character of the copper(II)‐TEMPO complexes.
The COPE Staff study: Study description and initial report regarding job satisfaction, work‐life conflicts, stress, and burnout among Swedish maternal and neonatal healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Akerstrom Magnus , Sengpiel Verena , Hadžibajramović Emina , Carlsson Ylva , Graner Sofie , Andersson Ola , Jonsson Maria , Naurin Elin , Veje Malin , Wessberg Anna , Linden Karolina
Published: March 2023

Objective

To describe the study design of the COPE Staff cohort study on working conditions for maternal and neonatal healthcare workers (MNHCWs), and present baseline data regarding job satisfaction, work‐life conflicts, stress, and burnout.

Methods

Between January and April 2021, 957 MNHCWs (administrative and medical staff) completed a baseline survey. Average levels of job satisfaction, work‐life conflicts, stress, and burnout, and associations to perceived workload were assessed.

Results

The average levels of job satisfaction, work‐life conflicts, stress, and burnout were 68.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 64.3–72.8), 42.6 (95% CI 37.3–48.0), 42.0 (95% CI 37.7–46.3), and 1.9 (95% CI 1.6–2.2), respectively. The respondents scoring above critical values indicating clinical burnout ranged between 3% and 18%, respectively, for the four burnout sub‐dimensions. Women reported significantly higher levels of stress and burnout. Younger participants had lower job satisfaction and higher levels of work‐life conflicts, stress, and burnout. Higher perceived workload was significantly associated with lower job satisfaction levels and higher levels of work‐life conflicts, stress, and burnout.

Conclusions

Our results indicate associations between MNHCWs perceived workload and job satisfaction, work‐life conflicts, stress, and burnout during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Eighteen percent scored above critical values for exhaustion.
The influence of negative life events on adolescent suicidal ideation: Longitudinal mediating effect of emotional problems
Authors: Ling Yu , Chen Yuling , Zhang Yu , Scott Huebner E.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Youth suicide is a worldwide public health and social issue. Suicidal ideation (SI), which spans a spectrum of thoughts from mild cognitions about death to serious and specific plans about taking one's life, is a significant risk factor for actual completed suicide. Thus, it is important to identify the environmental factors and psychological mechanisms that affect SI in adolescents.

Methods

A sample of 607 Chinese high school students (Mage = 16.20, SD = 0.55) participated. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine developmental trends in emotional problems and SI, incorporating a four‐wave longitudinal design over a 1‐year interval. A longitudinal mediation model was constructed to examine the effects of the intercept and slope of emotional problems in the relation between negative life events and SI.

Results

The results indicated that: (1) adolescents demonstrated a linear decrease in emotional problems and SI during the follow‐up period, and the higher the initial level, the slower the growth rate; (2) negative life events demonstrated a significant positive predictive effect on the initial level of adolescent SI; and (3) negative life events played an indirect role in the initial level of adolescent SI through the initial level of emotional problems.

Conclusions

Negative life events and emotional problems are influential factors in the level of SI in adolescents; however, further research is needed regarding the rate of change in SI.
The right ventricle systolic force ratio could predict the severity of the tricuspid regurgitation‐RIVIERA ratio
Authors: Emrah Acar , Servet Izci , Ibrahim Donmez , Fatih Yilmaz Mehmet , Neryan Ozgul , Hande Seymen , Eda Ozcan , Tuba Kaygusuz , Oguz Kayabası , Mustafa Gokce , Yilmaz Güneş , Akin Izgi Ibrahim , Cevat Kirma
Published: March 2023

Purpose

For assessing the severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), there is no gold standard. We developed a parameter, the right ventricular systolic force ratio—RIVIERA, using the continious wave Doppler analysis of TR and pulsed‐wave analysis of the right ventricle outflow tract. We hypothesized that the RIVIERA would facilitate the ability to identify severe TR in clinical settings.

Materials and Methods

We obtained data from routine transthoracic echocardiograms. All records reporting no or mild TR (n = 732), moderate TR (n = 584), and severe TR (n = 519) TR were reanalyzed to measure vena contracta (VC) width, TR jet area, effective regurgitant orifice (EROA) derived with the proximal isovelocity surface area method, the RIVIERA, and right‐sided chamber volumes.

Results

Significant linear trends were demonstrated for right atrial volume index, end‐diastolic volume index, RVOT velocity time integral, TR jet area, TR‐Vmax, TR‐VTI, TR acceleration, VC width, EROA with increasing TR severity. Independent predictors of severe RT included RIVIERA <4.8, VC width ≥0.7 cm, TR jet area > 10 cm2, and EROA ≥0.4 cm2.

Conclusion

The RIVIERA is a feasible, effective, and independent predictor of severe TR that enhances established techniques for estimating TR severity. For clinical decision‐making and management, accurate measurement and classification of TR severity are essential. Therefore, it should be thought about include the RIVIERA in the integrative method to assessing TR severity.
Clinical teaching in dentistry: Evaluating a clinical oral pathology rotation while looking to the future of dental education
Authors: Harrington Christine , Robinson Fonda , Mallery Susan R.
Published: March 2023

Purpose/objectives

Clinical teaching in dentistry has cycled through specialty‐based “departmental” teaching to group practice scenarios. The aims of this study were to ascertain third‐year dental students’ perceptions of a specialty‐based rotation supplemented by online educational tools and to compare their Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) scores to those of the students in the previous year.

Methods

This retrospective research design included the analysis of OSCE scores, and student responses to survey questions regarding their perceptions of the clinical oral pathology (COP) rotation. This study was completed in 2022. It included data from 2020 to 2021 and 2021 to 2022 corresponding to input from the Classes of 2022 and 2023, respectively. The response rate was 100%.

Results

The students evaluated the focused COP rotation and the online teaching modules as a positive experience. The results of the OSCE were similar to those of the previous class and showed a high average score.

Conclusions

This study shows that students had a positive perception to specialty‐based learning with online educational tools and that it enhanced the education they received in the comprehensive care clinic. The OSCE scores were similar to those of the previous class. These findings suggest a method of maintaining high‐quality dental education through challenges as it continues evolving.
The intraseasonal surface air temperature reversal and its predictability analysis in 2021/2022 winter over China
Authors: Yang Hanwei , Ma Yue , Gong Zhiqiang , Feng Guolin
Published: March 2023

In 2021/2022 winter, an intraseasonal surface air temperature (SAT) reversal occurred in China, shifting from regional warm to cold phase in late January 2022. The intraseasonal variations of winter SAT in China are tightly connected with 500 hPa potential height. In particular, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) positive phase is diagnosed to be contributing to the SAT reversal. Under its influence, the intraseasonal build‐up and collapse of blockings over Urals Mountain led to the cold surges in February 2022. Seasonal prediction systems (SPSs) such as NCEP_CFSv2, EC_SYSTEM5 and BCC_CSM1.1 are assessed to have poor predictability in this SAT reversal and similar historical events, owing to not only the poor skills in winter SAT predictions but also the integral inertia in SPSs. Prediction skill only increases as the forecasting time approaches, owing to initial values. Besides, the SPSs can simulate the physical process of the influence on SAT from circulation. The poor predictability is attributed to the poor prediction skills in mid–high latitude circulation pattern and potential height over China.
Skin lesions as an initial manifestation of late osteosynthesis‐associated infection
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Meré Raúl , Batalla Ana , Feal Cortizas Juan Carlos , Peón‐Curras Gonzalo , Abalde Maria Teresa , Da Ponte García Carlos Fernández , Couselo‐Rodríguez Carmen , Soto‐García Diego , Martínez‐Fernández Sandra , Flórez Ángeles
Published: March 2023

Late osteosynthesis‐associated infection (OAI) is an uncommon and potentially serious disease. Its clinical presentation may mimic skin and soft tissue infection, leading to misdiagnosis. We report the case of a 64 year‐old man with a late OAI in the frontal bone, initially misdiagnosed as an infectious cellulitis. Late OAI can be difficult to suspect, especially if the intervention was performed years ago. Because of misdiagnosis, the symptoms can be masked by the use of antibiotics, so it is of utmost importance to take a detailed clinical history to make an early diagnosis and avoid potential complications. The treatment consists of the use of antibiotics and the replacement of the osteosynthesis material. Therefore, when facing a skin and soft tissue infection of torpid evolution which persists despite correct treatment and a past medical history of underlying osteosynthesis material, late OAI should be considered.
Robotic arm use for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Bih‐O , Saragih Ita Daryanti , Batubara Sakti Oktaria
Published: March 2023

Several studies have reported the effects of robotic arms on improving upper limb function in patients with stroke. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings that may lead to incorrect applications of robotic arm use. Six databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials. Meta‐analyses were performed for upper limb performance measures, including subgroup analysis of pooled upper limb rehabilitation data such as stroke stage and intervention delivery dose. Furthermore, the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials version 2 (RoB 2) and sensitivity analysis were used to assess methodology and determine publication bias. The final analysis included 18 studies. Robotic arms improved upper limb and hand function in patients with stroke. Subgroup analysis revealed that robotic arm interventions lasting 30–60 min per session significantly improved upper limb function. However, no significant improvement was observed in shoulder and elbow or wrist and hand movements. This review may help develop applicable rehabilitation robots and collaboration between clinicians.
Genomics of the “tumorigenes” clade of the family Rhizobiaceae and description of Rhizobium rhododendri sp. nov.
Authors: Kuzmanović Nemanja , diCenzo George C. , Bunk Boyke , Spröer Cathrin , Frühling Anja , Neumann‐Schaal Meina , Overmann Jörg , Smalla Kornelia
Published: March 2023

Tumorigenic members of the family Rhizobiaceae, known as agrobacteria, are responsible for crown and cane gall diseases of various crops worldwide. Tumorigenic agrobacteria are commonly found in the genera Agrobacterium, Allorhizobium, and Rhizobium. In this study, we analyzed a distinct “tumorigenes” clade of the genus Rhizobium, which includes the tumorigenic species Rhizobium tumorigenes, as well as strains causing crown gall disease on rhododendron. Here, high‐quality, closed genomes of representatives of the “tumorigenes” clade were generated, followed by comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses. Additionally, the phenotypic characteristics of representatives of the “tumorigenes” clade were analyzed. Our results showed that the tumorigenic strains isolated from rhododendron represent a novel species of the genus Rhizobium for which the name Rhizobium rhododendri sp. nov. is proposed. This species also includes additional strains originating from blueberry and Himalayan blackberry in the United States, whose genome sequences were retrieved from GenBank. Both R. tumorigenes and R. rhododendri contain multipartite genomes, including a chromosome, putative chromids, and megaplasmids. Synteny and phylogenetic analyses indicated that a large putative chromid of R. rhododendri resulted from the cointegration of an ancestral megaplasmid and two putative chromids, following its divergence from R. tumorigenes. Moreover, gene clusters specific for both species of the “tumorigenes” clade were identified, and their biological functions and roles in the ecological diversification of R. rhododendri and R. tumorigenes were predicted and discussed.
Effect of CNTs/nano‐TiO2 hybrid system on the drop‐weight impact response of Kevlar fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Soltaninejad Sareh , Tohidlou Esmaeil , Khosravi Hamed
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the individual and synergistic effects of silanized‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (S‐MWCNTs) and silanized‐Titanium dioxide (S‐TiO2) nanoparticles on the drop‐weight impact response of Kevlar fiber‐reinforced epoxy (KE‐EP) composites were evaluated. In the first step, the nanofillers were functionalized using an amino organosilane coupling agent (3‐Aminopropyltrimetoxysilane [APTMS]). Next, multiscale composites were prepared by adding 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs, 1 wt% S‐TiO2, and 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs + 1 wt% S‐TiO2 in the matrix. The samples were exposed to drop‐weight impact at various impact energies of 15, 30, and 45 J. The findings demonstrated that the sample filled with 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs + 1 wt% S‐TiO2 had the best impact performance, regardless of the initial impact energy. When compared to the neat KE‐EP sample, the multiscale composite filled with 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs + 1 wt% S‐TiO2 had greater peak force and absorbed energy by 23% and 18%, respectively under 45 J impact energy. Analysis of the fracture surfaces illustrated a good interfacial bonding between the Kevlar fibers and matrix for the multiscale composite having hybrid nanofillers.
Disclosing a history of childhood cancer to romantic partners
Authors: Bos‐van den Hoek Danique W. , Tuinman Marrit A. , Hillen Marij A. , Huijgens Fiorella L. , Kurpershoek Elisabeth , Calaminus Gabriele , Kaatsch Peter , Hagedoorn Mariët , Lehmann Vicky
Published: March 2023

Objective

To describe young adult childhood cancer survivors' disclosure of their cancer history (i.e., disclosure behavior, difficulty, and timing), perceived partner responses, and associations with relationship status satisfaction.

Methods

German long‐term survivors of childhood cancer (N = 509; response rate: 31.3%, age 21–26, 59.7% female) completed a registry‐based nationwide survey (embedded mixed methods design, including closed and open‐ended questions) on measures about disclosure history (behavior, difficulty, and timing), partner responses, and relationship status satisfaction. Statistical (χ2‐, t‐, or F‐tests) and qualitative analyses were conducted.

Results

Half of all survivors always disclosed their cancer history to romantic partners. Thereby, three themes for considering (non‐)disclosure were identified: Survivors' attitudes, having integrated cancer as part of their identity, and anticipated effects on romantic relationships. About 40% indicated having no difficulties with disclosing their cancer history. The timing of disclosure varied, with most survivors disclosing after a few dates. Facilitators of disclosure were the visibility of their former illness (e.g., scars), having trust in a (potential) partner, getting older/mature, and previous positive experiences with disclosure. Few survivors (13.8%) had ever experienced negative responses from dating partners. Yet, those who had negative experiences, found it more difficult to disclose their cancer history. Survivors were overall rather satisfied with their relationship status, with partnered survivors reporting greater satisfaction than singles (Hedge's g = 1.68); and particularly partnered survivors with past positive responses being most satisfied.

Conclusions

Young adult childhood cancer survivors appear rather open in disclosing their cancer history to (potential) romantic partners, and few experienced negative responses. Psycho‐educational programs may emphasize such findings in helping to prevent fear of disclosure or avoidance of dating and disclosure among survivors.
Mechanism of Photoinduced Gyrotropic Phenomena in Amorphous As2S3
Authors: Tanaka Keiji , Saitoh Akira
Published: March 2023

Little is known why illumination of linearly polarized continuous‐wave laser light can induce gyrotropy (optical rotatory power) and macroscopic circular/screwing deformations in amorphous As2S3. Gyrotropy appears through scattering and deflection of the incident light in combination with negative photoinduced birefringence. The gyrotropy could also trigger atomic motions under photoinduced fluidity, which produces macroscopic deformations.
Life cycle assessment of multiple dispensing systems used for cosmetic product packaging
Authors: Rathore Shambhavi , Schuler Breanna , Park Jonghun
Published: March 2023

Worldwide, the packaging industry for consumer product goods, including personal care and beauty products, generates over $25 billion in sales. An extremely high environmental impact follows the large demand in the industry. Almost 70% of the plastic waste generated in the cosmetics market is not recyclable. Sustainability in the beauty industry is complex and multifaceted, requiring an evaluation of all factors. Packaging plays an important role in the cosmetics market, and considering the amount of waste it generates, it is essential to understand packaging dispensing systems from an environmental perspective. This study investigated the environmental impacts of three dispensing systems commonly used for cosmetic product packaging: the general dip‐tube pump, the airless pump and the bag‐in‐bottle format. A cradle‐to‐grave life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to quantitatively analyse the environmental burden of those three different dispensing systems, using a facial cream as a test case. The LCA analysed the environmental impacts generated by the packaging materials and incorporated the environmental impacts created by the facial cream residue left behind in each dispensing system. The system boundary of this LCA included the material production, intermediate processes, distribution, use and end‐of‐life phases of the packaged facial cream products. The LCA complied with the ISO standards, 14,040:2006 and 14,044:2006, and LCA software SimaPro v 9.0 was used to analyse the results. The life cycle inventories used in this LCA included US‐EI 2.2, USLCI and Ecoinvent 3. TRACI 2.1, including ten mid‐point life cycle impact categories, was chosen as the life cycle impact analysis method. Comparative and contribution analyses were conducted to interpret the LCA data. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the airless pump packaging system had less environmental burden than the other two packaging systems for all the life cycle impact categories. The bag‐in‐bottle alternative had the highest environmental impact for eight of the ten impact categories. The contribution analysis results revealed that the packaging material production phase most contributed to the environmental burden of all three packaging formats, followed by the lotion residue.
Early detection of ovarian cancer by wavelet analysis of protein mass spectra
Authors: Vimalajeewa Dixon , Bruce Scott Alan , Vidakovic Brani
Published: March 2023

Accurate and efficient detection of ovarian cancer at early stages is critical to ensure proper treatments for patients. Among the first‐line modalities investigated in studies of early diagnosis are features distilled from protein mass spectra. This method, however, considers only a specific subset of spectral responses and ignores the interplay among protein expression levels, which can also contain diagnostic information. We propose a new modality that automatically searches protein mass spectra for discriminatory features by considering the self‐similar nature of the spectra. Self‐similarity is assessed by taking a wavelet decomposition of protein mass spectra and estimating the rate of level‐wise decay in the energies of the resulting wavelet coefficients. Level‐wise energies are estimated in a robust manner using distance variance, and rates are estimated locally via a rolling window approach. This results in a collection of rates that can be used to characterize the interplay among proteins, which can be indicative of cancer presence. Discriminatory descriptors are then selected from these evolutionary rates and used as classifying features. The proposed wavelet‐based features are used in conjunction with features proposed in the existing literature for early stage diagnosis of ovarian cancer using two datasets published by the American National Cancer Institute. Including the wavelet‐based features from the new modality results in improvements in diagnostic performance for early‐stage ovarian cancer detection. This demonstrates the ability of the proposed modality to characterize new ovarian cancer diagnostic information.
Disentangling the role of the institutional environment in the ownership competence framework: A comment on Foss et al. (2021)
Authors: Monteiro Guilherme Fowler A. , Miranda Bruno Varella
Published: March 2023

Research Summary

We extend the ownership competence framework by discussing how the features of the institutional environment influence the exercise of ownership competence. Two amendments are proposed. First, we add a new dimension to the framework, institutional competence (“where to own”), which denotes that individuals and firms have heterogeneous abilities to assess how an institutional environment affects the potential uses of a resource. Second, we argue that institutional uncertainty moderates the three original dimensions of the framework, impairing the exercise of ownership competence of some entrepreneurs and firms more than of others. We use examples from the literature to illustrate our arguments. We also discuss the implications of our analysis.

Managerial Summary

The ownership competence framework is built on the idea that business owners have different abilities to deploy resources and create value. Starting from this contribution, we shed light on the specific role that the institutional environment plays in the exercise of ownership competence. We argue that the ownership competence framework must explicitly consider where ownership takes place in order to explain the actions of entrepreneurs and firms. We also claim that institutional uncertainty can influence value creation in more subtle ways than indicated in the original formulation of the ownership competence framework. All in all, this article paves the way for institutional aspects to be considered more explicitly in the strategic analysis of ownership.
Broadband Plasmonic Nanoantennas for Multi‐Color Nanoscale Dynamics in Living Cells
Authors: Sanz‐Paz Maria , van Zanten Thomas S. , Manzo Carlo , Mivelle Mathieu , Garcia‐Parajo Maria F.
Published: March 2023

Recently, the implementation of plasmonic nanoantennas has opened new possibilities to investigate the nanoscale dynamics of individual biomolecules in living cells. However, studies so far have been restricted to single molecular species as the narrow wavelength resonance of gold‐based nanostructures precludes the simultaneous interrogation of different fluorescently labeled molecules. Here, broadband aluminum‐based nanoantennas carved at the apex of near‐field probes are exploited to resolve nanoscale‐dynamic molecular interactions on living cell membranes. Through multicolor excitation, the authors simultaneously recorded fluorescence fluctuations of dual‐color labeled transmembrane receptors known to form nanoclusters. Fluorescence cross‐correlation studies revealed transient interactions between individual receptors in regions of ≈60 nm. Moreover, the high signal‐to‐background ratio provided by the antenna illumination allowed the authors to directly detect fluorescent bursts arising from the passage of individual receptors underneath the antenna. Remarkably, by reducing the illumination volume below the characteristic receptor nanocluster sizes, the molecular diffusion within nanoclusters is resolved and distinguished from nanocluster diffusion. Spatiotemporal characterization of transient interactions between molecules is crucial to understand how they communicate with each other to regulate cell function. This work demonstrates the potential of broadband photonic antennas to study multi‐molecular events and interactions in living cell membranes with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Co‐Based Stellite 6 Multilayer Overlays Deposited on ASTM A36 Steel by Gas Metal Arc Welding Process
Authors: Sankarapandian Sankarasabapathi , Kumar Nachimuthu Pravin , Kannan Arasappan Rajesh , Shanmugam Nallathambi Siva
Published: March 2023

Hardfacing is an effective method for restoring the damaged part. Herein, cobalt‐based superalloy Stellite‐6 is deposited on A36 substrate using gas metal arc welding process. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and corrosion behavior of Stellite‐6 overlays on A36 substrate are examined. Defect‐free hard overlays are obtained, and a dilution ratio of 19.9% is achieved with weaving technique. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of M7C3, M23C6, M6C, and martensite in the Stellite‐6 hard overlays. The microstructure of the deposit contains martensite, carbides, and interdendritic precipitates while the mean hardness is 471 HV0.5. Tensile testing with specimens extracted on the longitudinal (LD) and transverse (TD) orientation of the stellite‐6 deposit shows a strength above 950 MPa along with the brittle nature of fracture. Grain growth is epitaxial and shows dendritic morphologies. The higher fraction of high‐angle grain boundaries improves the tensile strength of the deposit and interface region. The localized corrosion behavior of stellite‐6 hard overlays is found to be excellent, and the corrosion analysis exhibits a corrosion rate of 0.10 mils per year (mpy). The outcomes of the study highlight the feasibility of Stellite‐6 hard overlays for extending the service life of A36 steel in chloride environments.
LEMON: Alternative Sampling for More Faithful Explanation Through Local Surrogate Models
Authors: Collaris Dennis , Gajane Pratik , Jorritsma Joost , van Wijk Jarke J. , Pechenizkiy Mykola
Published: March 2023

Local surrogate learning is a popular and successful method for machine learning explanation. It uses synthetic transfer data to approximate a complex reference model. The sampling technique used for this transfer data has a significant impact on the provided explanation, but remains relatively unexplored in literature. In this work, we explore alternative sampling techniques in pursuit of more faithful and robust explanations, and present LEMON: a sampling technique that samples directly from the desired distribution instead of reweighting samples as done in other explanation techniques (e.g., LIME). Next, we evaluate our technique in a synthetic and UCI dataset-based experiment, and show that our sampling technique yields more faithful explanations compared to current state-of-the-art explainers.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ flow as characteristic flows
Authors: Hou Jue
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We show that method of characteristics provides a powerful new point of view on $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-and related deformations. Previously, the method of characteristics has been applied to $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation mainly to solve Burgers’ equation, which governs the deformation of the quantum spectrum. In the current work, we study classical deformed quantities using this method and show that $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

flow can be seen as a characteristic flow. Exploiting this point of view, we re-derive a number of important known results and obtain interesting new ones. We prove the equivalence between dynamical change of coordinates and the generalized light-cone gauge approaches to $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation. We find the deformed Lagrangians for a class of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-like deformations in higher dimensions and the ($$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

)α-deformation in 2d with generic α, generalizing recent results in [1] and [2].
Wormholes, geons, and the illusion of the tensor product
Authors: Bzowski Adam
Published: March 2023

Abstract

In this paper I argue that the Hilbert space of states of a holographic, traversable wormhole does not factorize into the tensor product of the boundary Hilbert spaces. After presenting the general argument I analyze two examples: the scalar sectors of the BTZ geon and the AdS2 eternal wormhole. Utilizing real-time holography I derive the Hilbert spaces, identify the dual states and evaluate correlation functions. I show that the number of peculiarities associated with the wormhole and black hole physics emerges once the factorization is a priori assumed. This includes null states and null operators, highly entangled vacuum states and the cross-boundary interactions all emerging as avatars of non-factorization.
Strategic transmission of imperfect information: why revealing evidence (without proof) is difficult
Authors: Foerster Manuel
Published: March 2023

In our cheap-talk setting, an expert privately observes multiple binary signals, her soft evidence, about a continuous state of the world and then communicates with a decision-maker. While direct transmission of evidence entails communicating the underlying signals, indirect transmission of evidence entails communicating a summary statistic of her evidence. We first establish that fully informative equilibria exist if the conflict of interest is small. Otherwise, direct transmission of evidence is impossible, as withholding one part of the soft evidence in the communication necessarily induces incentives to manipulate the report on the other part. On the contrary, indirect transmission of evidence remains partially informative for intermediate conflicts of interest. Finally, we introduce the possibility of certification. We show that, if the costs of certification are low, the expert can fully reveal her evidence regardless of the conflict of interest.
Enumerating odd-degree hyperelliptic curves and abelian surfaces over $${\mathbb {P}}^1$$
Authors: Han Changho , Park Jun-Yong
Published: March 2023

Given asymptotic counts in number theory, a question of Venkatesh asks what is the topological nature of lower order terms. We consider the arithmetic aspect of the inertia stack of an algebraic stack over finite fields to partially answer this question. Subsequently, we acquire new sharp enumerations of quasi-admissible odd-degree hyperelliptic curves over $${\mathbb {F}}_q(t)$$

F
q

(
t
)

ordered by discriminant height.
Quality improvement of plant-based meat alternatives by addition of iota carrageenan to pea protein–wheat gluten blend
Authors: Taghian Dinani Somayeh , Charles Carrillo María Fernanda , Boom Remko , van der Goot Atze Jan
Published: March 2023

In this study, the influence of iota carrageenan (IC) addition at different steps to the protein blends based on pea protein isolate (PPI) and wheat gluten (WG) as well as hydration mixing time and temperature of IC on the quality attributes of plant-based meat alternatives was studied. In more detail, IC was added before (B, in water with mixing times of 15 or 30 min and temperatures of 25 or 75 °C) or after (A, in powder form) the addition of PPI to the mixture with or without calcium chloride (Ca) in the formulation. The results showed that the addition of IC after PPI, especially combination with Ca resulted in the products with the most visible fibers, which can be considered as a quality improvement. IC addition to the formulations with or without Ca also increased the browning index, water holding capacity, tensile stress, and air bubble numbers compared to the PPI.WG formulation. However, no considerable difference in these parameters was found regarding the addition order of IC (before or after the addition of PPI). As the addition of IC after PPI hydration needs less energy for mixing, and, thus, less time for preparation, this order of addition can be recommended for improving the quality of plant-based meat alternatives containing IC. Therefore, hydration of IC in water, especially at high temperatures, is not necessary for the production of plant-based meat alternatives produced in the high-temperature shear cell (HTSC).
Year-round behavioural time budgets of common woodpigeons inferred from acceleration data using machine learning
Authors: Masello Juan F. , Rast Wanja , Schumm Yvonne R. , Metzger Benjamin , Quillfeldt Petra
Published: March 2023

Accelerometers capture rapid changes in animal motion, and the analysis of large quantities of such data using machine learning algorithms enables the inference of broad animal behaviour categories such as foraging, flying, and resting over long periods of time. We deployed GPS-GSM/GPRS trackers with tri-axial acceleration sensors on common woodpigeons (Columba palumbus) from Hesse, Germany (forest and urban birds) and from Lisbon, Portugal (urban park). We used three machine learning algorithms, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, to classify the main behaviours of the birds, namely foraging, flying, and resting and calculated time budgets over the breeding and winter season. Woodpigeon time budgets varied between seasons, with more foraging time during the breeding season than in winter. Also, woodpigeons from different sites showed differences in the time invested in foraging. The proportion of time woodpigeons spent foraging was lowest in the forest habitat from Hesse, higher in the urban habitat of Hesse, and highest in the urban park in Lisbon. The time budgets we recorded contrast to previous findings in woodpigeons and reaffirm the importance of considering different populations to fully understand the behaviour and adaptation of a particular species to a particular environment. Furthermore, the differences in the time budgets of Woodpigeons from this study and previous ones might be related to environmental change and merit further attention and the future investigation of energy budgets.

Significance statement

In this study we took advantage of accelerometer technology and machine learning methods to investigate year-round behavioural time budgets of wild common woodpigeons (Columba palumbus). Our analysis focuses on identifying coarse-scale behaviours (foraging, flying, resting) using various machine learning algorithms. Woodpigeon time budgets varied between seasons and among sites. Particularly interesting is the result showing that urban woodpigeons spend more time foraging than forest conspecifics. Our study opens an opportunity to further investigate and understand how a successful bird species such as the woodpigeon copes with increasing environmental change and urbanisation. The increase in the proportion of time devoted to foraging might be one of the behavioural mechanisms involved but opens questions about the costs associated to such increase in terms of other important behaviours.
Two-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence thermometry in a medium- to high-enthalpy CO2 flow
Authors: Sander Tobias , Lettl Matthias , Walter Colum , Mundt Christian
Published: March 2023

Ground-based experimental facilities are needed to qualify materials subjected to aerothermodynamic loads during an entry into the Martian atmosphere. In the present work, the focus is on quantifying the temperature field in a medium- to high-enthalpy CO$$_{2}$$

2

flow (from 4.5 to $${10.5}\, \hbox {MJ}/\hbox {kg}$$

10.5

MJ
/
kg

) of a plasma wind tunnel using one- and two-dimensional two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (CO-TALIF) thermometry at a CO number density in the range of 1–2 $$\times$$
×
10$$^{17}$$

17

cm$$^{-3}$$

-
3

. However, the measurement method developed here can also be used to study satellite propulsion systems. Due to absorption by air, a two-photon excitation scheme of the CO molecule at 115 nm (VUV) was used. Experimental and simulated excitation spectra are compared for temperature determination. For spectrum simulation in the B$$^1\varSigma ^+$$

1

Σ
+

$$\leftarrow$$
←
X$$^1\varSigma ^+$$

1

Σ
+

system, an existing program was extended and a polynomial regression correlation was developed for signals with low signal-to-noise ratios. After the first one-dimensional temperature measurements using CO-TALIF in the free-stream to quantify the radial temperature profile for three conditions in the medium- to high- enthalpy range, respectively, two-dimensional measurements in a steady state test chamber at room temperature were carried out. For the two-dimensional investigations, a light sheet optic was designed to generate a light sheet free of divergence in width and thickness. The results of the one- and two-dimensional temperature measurements performed at medium- to high-enthalpy conditions provided plausible results concerning both the values and the course in radial and axial direction, the latter being, to the authors’ knowledge, the first two-dimensional temperature measurements under such conditions using CO-TALIF.
Microsatellite instability and sex-specific differences of survival in gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy without and with taxane: An observational study in real world patients
Authors: Hiltner Theresa , Kohlruss Meike , Herz Anna-Lina , Lorenzen Sylvie , Novotny Alexander , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Jesinghaus Moritz , Slotta-Huspenina Julia , Sisic Leila , Gaida Matthias M. , Weichert Wilko , Ott Katja , Keller Gisela
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To investigate the prognostic role of microsatellite instability (MSI) in association with sex of patients treated with platinum/fluoropyrimidine neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) with or without a taxane-containing compound.

Methods

Of the 505 retrospectively analyzed patients with gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, 411 patients were treated without taxane and 94 patients with a taxane-containing compound. MSI was determined using standard assays.

Results

Females demonstrated a better overall survival (OS) than males in the non-taxane group (HR, 0.59; 95% CI 0.41–0.86; p = 0.005), whereas no significant difference was found in the taxane group (HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.55–2.73, p = 0.630). MSI-High (-H) was associated with a better prognosis in both groups (without taxane: HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33–0.97; p = 0.038; with taxane: HR 0.28; 95% CI 0.04–2.02, p = 0.204). In the non-taxane group, female MSI-H patients showed the best OS (HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.73; p = 0.016), followed by the female microsatellite stable (MSS) (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.98, p = 0.040) and the male MSI-H group (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.42–1.37, p = 0.760) taken the male MSS group as reference. In the taxane group, female and male MSI-H patients demonstrated the best OS (female MSI-H: HR 0.05, 95% CI 0.00–240.46; male MSI-H: HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.61–3.63, p = 0.438), whereas the female MSS group showed a decreased OS (HR 1.39 95% CI 0.62–3.12, p = 0.420) compared to male MSS patients.

Conclusion

OS in gastric/gastroesophageal cancer after CTx might depend on sex and MSI status and may differ between patients treated with or without a taxane compound in the chemotherapeutic regimen.
Effectiveness and current status of multidisciplinary care for patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan: a nationwide multicenter cohort study
Authors: Abe Masanori , Hatta Tsuguru , Imamura Yoshihiko , Sakurada Tsutomu , Kaname Shinya
Published: March 2023

Background

Multidisciplinary care is well established in clinical practice, but its effectiveness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether multidisciplinary care could help to avoid worsening kidney function in patients with CKD.

Methods

This nationwide study had a multicenter retrospective observational design and included 3015 Japanese patients with CKD stage 3–5 who received multidisciplinary care. We assessed the annual decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ΔeGFR) and urinary protein in the 12 months before and 24 months after the start of multidisciplinary care. All-cause mortality and initiation of renal replacement therapy were investigated according to baseline characteristics.

Results

Most of the patients had CKD stage 3b or higher and a median eGFR of 23.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. The multidisciplinary care teams consisted of health care professionals from an average of four disciplines. ΔeGFR was significantly smaller at 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation of multidisciplinary care (all P < 0.0001), regardless of the primary cause of CKD and its stage when multidisciplinary intervention was started. Urinary protein level also decreased after initiation of multidisciplinary care. After a median follow-up of 2.9 years, 149 patients had died and 727 had started renal replacement therapy.

Conclusion

Multidisciplinary care may significantly slow the decline in eGFR in patients with CKD and might be effective regardless of the primary disease, including in its earlier stages. Multidisciplinary care is recommended for patients with CKD stage 3–5.

Trial registration

UMIN00004999.
Metz’s Heterochthonous Relational Moral Theory and Business Ethics
Authors: Etieyibo Edwin
Published: March 2023

One of the practical ethical areas that Thaddeus Metz applied his Relational Moral Theory (RMT) to is business ethics. In this important area of applied ethics, Metz examines the question of how business owners, and related agents ought to deal with others, especially workers and consumers. He argues that the relational account of obligations recommends a stakeholder model of business and provides a plausible alternative (if not better to) familiar kinds of utilitarianism and Kantianism. In this article, I discuss and engage with this claim by raising a number of issues for RMT. For although I believe that Metz’s moral account could, in general and under certain description, be positioned as a viable competitor to utilitarianism and Kantianism, it is not clear that in certain theoretical aspects of the stakeholder account of business, it fares better than, for example, utilitarianism. Furthermore, I argue, on the one hand, that RMT should be understood as a heterochthonous account of African ethics and, on the other hand, that an autochthonous account of African ethics captures better or comes closer to the moral sensibilities of indigenous Africans. An autochthonous account of African ethics has a different take on the issue of the stakeholder model of business and does conceptualize the business relationship in terms of needs and welfare whereby a “distant” individual may be owed more duties than a “local” individual.