bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GC-MS Analysis and Potential Apoptotic Effect of Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Leaf and Flower Extracts against Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: OGUZ Ferdi , ÇAMLI PULAT Çisil , İLHAN Süleyman , ATMACA Harika
Published: April 2022

In recent years, herbal medicines have become a significant novel source of treatment for various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Various investigations have declared that Paliurus spina-christi Mill. (PSC) shows antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antibacterial properties, but its effect on cancer cells is unknown. This study purposed to evaluate the possible anti-cancer effects of the ethanolic extract of the PSC in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The leaf and flower extracts of PSC were prepared in ethanol and volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS analysis. The possible cytotoxic effects of extracts were evaluated via MTT assay. Apoptotic effect was examined using the PI Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit. Significant cytotoxic effects were detected after 72 h treatment of ethanolic leaf and flower extracts in MCF-7 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Both leaf and flower extracts of PSC induced apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells. On phytochemical screening, it was shown that the leaf extract of PSC contains pyrrolidine, 2-decenal, 2-undecanal, phytol, oleic acid, oleamide, squalane, vitamin E, and gamma-sitosterol and the flower extract contains pyrrolidine, 2-decenal, 2-undecenal, oleic acid, lupeol, and gamma-sitosterol. These data report that PSC leaf and flower extracts have cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, this study can be considered an in vitro background for further in vivo cancer experiments.
Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. as Lignocellulosic Material
Authors: IŞINKARALAR Kaan
Published: April 2022

The main target of this study was to eliminate gas-phase toluene with activated carbon from indoor air. The activated carbons were prepared from Robinia pseudoacacia L. biomass under different conditions. The change in surface functional groups of the produced activated carbon biomass raw material and produced by pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen at 500–900 °C, and activation by potassium hydroxide (KOH). The highest surface area of 1271.3 m2/g which gives reason for its external porous surface. The surface porosity and the graphite properties of the prepared KNxACs were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The amount of adsorbed toluene (C7H8) was determined using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry with a thermal desorber system (TD–GC–MS) on the KNxAC surface. The adsorption capacity of toluene was reached 111 mg/g at 25 °C and for 1000 ppm. As a result, the study revealed that the prepared KN24AC from the Robinia pseudoacacia L. biomass has the best adsorption capacity of gas-phase toluene from indoor air.
Producing and perceiving socially structured coarticulation: Coarticulatory nasalization in Afrikaans
Authors: Coetzee Andries W. , Beddor Patrice Speeter , Styler Will , Tobin Stephen , Bekker Ian , Wissing Daan
Published: April 2022

Most theories of phonetics assume a tight relation between production and perception, and recent years have also seen increasing evidence for such a relation at the level of the individual. For the most part, however, this evidence comes from socially homogeneous speech communities where the targeted pattern of variation is mostly socially neutral. What implications might socially structured phonetic variation in the speech community have for the perception-production link? If listeners can predict the phonetic patterns of a talker based on the talker’s actual or assumed identity, would they adjust their perceptual strategies accordingly, possibly weakening the link between their own production and perception patterns? This study reports the results of a pair of experiments that investigate the production and perception of coarticulatory vowel nasalization in Afrikaans, a language for which variation in coarticulatory nasalization is socially structured. Relying on nasal airflow measures, the production experiment showed that speakers of White Afrikaans produce more extensive coarticulatory nasalization than speakers of Kleurling Afrikaans. The perception experiment used an eye-tracking paradigm to assess listeners’ perceptual reliance on coarticulatory nasalization, and found (i) that Afrikaans speakers’ use of coarticulatory nasalization in production predicts their perceptual reliance on this information, (ii) that they rapidly adjust to the coarticulatory timing patterns in the speech of other speakers, but also (iii) that they do not adjust their perceptual reliance on coarticulation in response to the assumed identity of the speaker. The link between perception and production therefore persists, even in this situation of socially structured variation in coarticulatory timing.
Prospects for the transition of the municipal solid waste management industry to a circular economy
Authors: Krelberg A. B.
Published: April 2022

The municipal solid waste management reform plays a significant role in improvement of the country's ecology and contributes greatly to the country's economics by recycling waste and recovering recycled resources. The most important condition of the implementation of the reform is separated collection of the waste and the opportunity to recycle all the suitable waste. The author presents a list of basic legal acts which regulate the municipal solid waste management process and points out provisions related to the requirements and conditions for separate collection of waste. The study conducted proves that it is advisable for the population of the country to fulfil the conditions for the separate collection of municipal solid waste. The relevance of the study is backed by the data on the existing landfill areas in Russia and Moscow, their annual growth rate, and unfavorable situation regarding the collection of municipal solid waste in the regions of Russia. This includes large volumes of solid household waste produced and an extremely insignificant share of recyclable solid municipal waste in it in relation to its total volumes. The author gives recommendations on how to improve the municipal solid waste management which will make it possible to recycle the suitable waste, bring it back into the country's economy and, thus, move towards the circular economy.
La Obligación de Pago Bancaria: características, semejanzas y diferencias con el Crédito Documentario
Authors: Toso Milos Angela
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en identificar y describir las principales características de la obligación de pago bancaria (OPB), así como aquellas semejanzas y diferencias que presenta frente al crédito documentario (CD). Para ello, se analizan las definiciones de estos medios de pago contenidas en las reglas uniformes que las rigen, su operativa general y las funciones que cumplen. Se sostiene que, si bien ambos poseen semejanzas y la OPB solventa muchas de las dificultades que presenta el CD, tienen características distintas y no parece acertado señalar que uno esté llamado a sustituir completamente al otro. En este contexto, la OPB amplía las alternativas de pago, garantía y financiamiento disponiblespara los actores del tráfico comercial internacional. Sin embargo, la OPB presenta también algunas desventajas que pueden incidir en que su adopción esté siendo más lenta de lo esperado.
The Colombian Constitutional Court from a Prodemocratic Reading
Authors: Agudelo Agudelo Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2022

This article has four parts. The first one shows the reception of the “Countermajoritarian Difficulty” (CMD) in Colombia, it is to say, how the tension between judges an democracy,a constitutional topic created by Alexander Bickel in America, was received. The second part explains the answer that constitutional judges in Colombia gave to the tension with thedemocratic principle by promoting dialogical rulings. The third one describes, in a general way, the LGTBI movement in Colombia and dialogues it generated in the Constitutional Court to achieve the protection of their rights against majorities. Finally, in the fourth part, some jurisprudence lines of the Colombian Court are shown to demonstrate how it promotes, collaborates, and aids democracy when this is not granted by the representatives.
Supremacía constitucional en el derecho comparado
Authors: González Quintero Rodrigo , Sarmiento Lamus Andrés , Guzmán Gómez Camilo
Published: April 2022

El concepto de supremacía de la Constitución es hoy el elemento esencial del constitucionalismo contemporáneo, el cual es resultado de importantes evoluciones en el tiempo y se ha visto reforzado en muchos países con la creación del control de constitucionalidad. Sin embargo, esta noción tiene contenidos variables en función de cada tradición y de cadasistema jurídico, de manera que no es una cuestión resuelta. Un análisis desde el derecho comparado permite abarcar la supremacía de la Constitución desde ópticas diversas y estudiar sus diferentes elementos para darle un contorno más certero a esta. Específicamente, este artículo hace un análisis jurisprudencial que permite establecer las  aracterísticaspropias de este concepto en diferentes sistemas jurídicos y mostrar su actualidad e importancia.
Tensiones en el marco ideológico de la construcción de los derechos de los niños en la Convención de 1989
Authors: Tobón Berrio Luz Estela , Isaza Gutiérrez Juan Pablo
Published: April 2022

Entender las dificultades presentes en la aplicación institucional de los derechos de los niños implica surtir un proceso de mirar atrás y auscultar el recorrido teórico que se ha llevado a cabo para llegar a promulgar estos derechos especiales. Este artículo da cuenta de una investigación de tipo cualitativa, dogmática, hermenéutica, encaminada a examinar la Convención de Derechos del Niño y la evolución ideológica que le subyace desde una mirada crítica. Se observa el tránsito normativo del reconocimiento del infante como objeto de protección a sujeto de derechos. Un paso inacabado, por cuanto el derecho arrastra las concepciones minoristas de los niños y mecanismos de protección instaurados en un marco tutelar, anclados con fuerza en el campo jurídico por la condición de vulnerabilidad de la infancia que llega a desdibujar al niño en tanto actor capaz de contribuir a la construcción de sociedad y Estado.
THE ROLE OF CONTRACTUAL PRINCIPLES IN CONTEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS IN GERMANY: IS THERE A LESSON TO LEARN FOR SOUTH AFRICA? PART 1
Authors: Marlize Ingrid van Jaarsveld
Published: April 2022

An employment contract is preceded by the conclusion of a valid contract between an employee and an employer. Prior to the commencement of an employment relationship the parties must be in agreement as regards the terms of their contract. It was traditionally accepted that the parties entered into a contract in the hope of securing reciprocal advantages for themselves, and that the parties accordingly should be able to contract on the terms they desired. This argument lost momentum seeing that the employment relationship became even more curtailed by various statutory provisions. Likewise, the contractual freedom of employers and employees alike to determine the terms of their contractual relationship has been limited in Germany by various enactments. The role and impact of traditional contractual principles as they present in contemporary employment relationships in Germany are explored in this article, ultimately to determine whether these principles remain significant at all. It is established that these traditional contractual principles, emanating from an employment relationship, not only remain essential, but moreover continue to featurein contemporary employment relationships in Germany in a distinctive and unique way. Furthermore the on-going interaction between these contractual principles and the provisions of statute is regarded as valuable for employment relationships in South Africa.
Multilateralism as forced necessity? Evolution of the French policy in Sub-Saharan Africa: continuity and change
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University), Magadeev Iskander
Published: April 2022

French foreign policy discourse during the presidency of E. Macron was often based on the idea of multilateralism as pillar of the international order. Nevertheless, the motives that governed the French approach were far from idealist. The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between the rhetoric of multilateralism and the practice of the Fifth Republic’s policy in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2017–21. Conclusions are drawn from the documents of the French ministries, texts of French laws and the speeches of the president. The analysis proceeds by exploring the evolution of Paris’ approach to the three main “pillars” of its African policy: the French military presence, the influence on the Western and Central African countries’ financial system (the former CFA franc), and, finally, French aid to development. In his policy toward Sub-Saharan Africa, Macron showed a clear intention to modernize the practices of the past and to inject more multilateralism into them. The French president wanted to strengthen European and global dimensions of the relations between the Fifth Republic and Africa; he aimed to put these relations into a broader framework, including European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN), the African Union, and other international organizations and fora. Macron also pursued the reform of the CFA franc, which gave more authority to the Western African countries themselves. He validated the evolution in the sphere of aid to development, which resulted in more convergence between the French methods and the international recommendations, though at the same time Paris persisted in its preference for bilateral mechanisms of aid. In general, the emphasis put on multilateralism was a French method to maximize the benefits from its African policy and to minimize its costs.
Cooperative Rivalry- a Prospective Alternative to International Organisations on a Global Energy Market: a Case of Russia-USA European Gas Standoff
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Simonov Alexander
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to consider the options for settling equilibrium on the world gas market in the absence of international regulating institutions while political instruments of non-market competition are actively being used by European market players. A market analysis from the point view of cost structure and the interests of key suppliers and consumers is undertaken, and an attempt to build a model of market interactions accompanied by sanctions is made. Modelling the internalization of political restrictions is used to ground actors’ motives and their strategies in new conditions. The results of this analysis provide for essential conclusions regarding market change in general as well as changes in the positions of separate players. Mathematically sound results inspire optimism that actors can take optimal and efficient decisions despite non-economic competition and de facto failure of international institutions.
Implementation of the National Reindustrialization Policy in the Countries of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors:   Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Aymagambetov Erkara , Taubaev Ayapbergen ,   Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Amirova Galiya ,   Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Sayfullina Yuliya ,   Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Ulybyshev Dmitriy ,   Rational Solution, LLP,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: April 2022

The current stage of development of Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries indicates that these states are being forced not only to reindustrialize, but to industrialize their economies almost from scratch, since their industries, for known political reasons, were completely destroyed or are technologically obsolete. This article investigates innovative factors in the development of reindustrialization processes in the countries of the EAEU based on the development and implementation of targeted national policy. The study puts forward a hypothesis about the existence of a dependence between the rates of innovative development of countries, on the one hand, and foreign direct investment and research and development (R&D) expenditures, as well as trends in industrial production development, on the other, as a summary indicator of the reindustrialization of the national economy. To confirm the hypothesis, the following methods were used: statistical analysis, which allowed the primary processing of data that describe the dynamics of indicators of innovative development of countries and its factors, and a comparative analysis of the innovative development of the countries of the EAEU, which constitute the object of this study. The first part provides a sequential analysis of changes in specific indicators describing the innovative development of the countries under consideration, as well as factors that, according to the hypothesis, have a significant impact on it, thereby enabling the evaluation of the general trends in the dynamics of innovative processes within the selected object of this study. In the second part, through the establishment of correlations between the factors and results of the innovative development of countries, measures are proposed to improve the national policy of innovative development and reindustrialization.
Factors and Dynamics of Interaction in Eurasia. Review of “The Return of Eurasia: Continuity and Change”, edited by Glenn Diesen and Alexander Lukin
Authors:   Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) Business Council, Mikhnevich Sergey ,   Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP)
Published: April 2022

In this article, the author reviews The Return of Eurasia: Continuity and Change, edited by Glenn Diesen and Alexander Lukin. The book is dedicated to the research of the concepts, history and current stance of integration processes in Eurasia.
aportes de la Teoría Crítica al análisis de la tecnocracia y las políticas públicas
Authors: M. Estévez Alejandro
Published: April 2022

En la década de los 90 del siglo pasado, en el dominio de estudios de las políticas públicas, se registró un cambio denominado como “giro argumentativo” originado, en parte, en la Teoría Crítica. A partir de allí, empezaron a ser relevantes los discursos, las narrativas, los valores, la cultura, los significados, los aprendizajes y las subjetividades de los actores que en el enfoque tradicional dominante o pospositivista no eran tenidos en cuenta. Este artículo, al analizar la crítica que el pensamiento habermasiano concentra en la tecnocracia y sus ideas centrales, muestra los aportes que se introdujeron en el análisis de políticas públicas. Es así que conceptos clave como la racionalidad instrumental, la técnica, la comunicación y el lenguaje, el managerialismo y la democracia deliberativa, no pasarán desapercibidas en el estudio de las decisiones públicas.
Des-ombligamiento, una categoría crítica, analítica e interpretativa en el campo de los estudios sobre las migraciones
Authors: Meneses Copete Yeison Arcadio
Published: April 2022

En este ensayo se introduce el des-ombligamiento como una categoría analítico-comprensiva que surge del ecomagicosentipensar de las comunidades chocoanas y del Pacífico colombiano para interrogar ocultamientos, limitaciones, vacíos, silencios, incomprensiones o reduccionismos reproducidos en investigaciones, políticas públicas, propuestas legislativas e intervenciones sociales mediante conceptos como: migración, desplazamiento forzado, movilidad, inmigración, emigración, migración, destierro y migradestierro. Asimismo, este concepto da cuenta de los impactos multidimensionales generados por la violencia armada y el extractivismo en territorios etnizados. A partir del enfoque teórico-metodológico de la hermenéutica del retorno, el texto propone nuevos marcos interpretativos y de intervención situados que reapropian perspectivas espirituales, organizativas, políticas, ontológicas, filosóficas y psicológicas asociadas al territorio y la territorialidad que pueden ser útiles en las narrativas sobre la guerra, los procesos de auto-reparación, la reconstrucción de la memoria, la construcción del vivir sabroso o del buen vivir.
La obra poética de un «adelantado» de la vanguardia canaria: Félix Delgado Suárez (1902-1936)
Authors: Martín Fumero José Manuel
Published: April 2022

Félix Delgado Suárez (1902-1936) es uno de los escritores canarios de vanguardia menos conocidos. En este artículo pretendemos analizar su producción poética primera, aquella que se recoge en Paisajes y otras visiones (1923), poemario que apenas cuenta con ediciones o estudios recientes. En este sentido, deseamos poner en consonancia sus valores poéticos con los de poetas coetáneos insulares, además de resaltar el propio alcance de la poesía del autor en su contexto vanguardista.
Who votes for right-to-work?
Authors: Steitz Colin
Published: April 2022

Right-to-work laws constitute a major constitutional decision that impacts the abilities of unions to operate within a state with additional impacts on the general labor market. In 2017, Missouri attempted to enact right-to-work legislation, but due to pushback from local unions, the decision was ultimately given to Missouri voters in the form of Proposition A. Voters chose to rescind the legislation and prevented the legislature from making Missouri a right-to-work state. I examined county-level voting on Proposition A using a median voter model and found evidence that occupational interest variables predicted support and opposition to Proposition A.
Los Apóstoles de Cambridge y José María de Torrijos: descubriendo el heroísmo
Authors: Alvargonzález Fernández Manuel
Published: April 2022

Me propongo indagar en la atracción que —en el contexto de la emigración liberal en Inglaterra durante la Década Ominosa— generó el líder José María de Torrijos en el grupo de estudiantes de la Universidad de Cambridge conocidos como los Apóstoles. Para ello, estableceré un diálogo entre la bibliografía anglosajona existente sobre dicho grupo con las distintas biografías del conspirador. Enriqueceré mi análisis con las memorias escritas por los hijos de los Apóstoles Alfred Tennyson y Frederick Denison Maurice y los Records of a Girlhood de la actriz Fanny Kemble, hermana del Apóstol John Mitchell Kemble. Incluiré también la correspondencia de los Apóstoles Arthur Hallam y Richard Chenevix Trench, así como la novela de Maurice Eustace Conway, de fuerte contenido autobiográfico e ignorada en los estudios sobre los Apóstoles. Profundizaré así en un aspecto poco conocido de la vida de Torrijos, indagando en los motivos que impulsaron a estos estudiantes a seguirlo en su conspiración, así como a abandonarlo finalmente.
The Effects of Wearable Health Technology on Cancer Survivors' Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Weight
Authors: Blount Daphne , Zhang Rui , Blaes Anne , Gao Zan
Published: April 2022

Wearable health technology (WHT) has been suggested as a health intervention in preventing or reducing health risk factors in
clinical populations. Cancer survivors exhibit risk factors prior to cancer diagnosis and acquire comorbidities as a result of
their treatment. These conditions may increase likelihood of cancer recurrence and reduce quality of life by inhibiting survivors’
physiological function and predisposing them to other maladies. Several studies have suggested WHTs as an intervention in mitigating
these risks. However, there lacks a comprehensive review of the current evidence to determine the efficacy of WHT interventions.
Thus, a literature search of WHT studies within cancer survivors was conducted and a meta-analysis was performed on the four most
commonly reported health outcomes, namely weight, step count, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time.
A meta-analysis was performed to determine if positive or negative effects between WHT and these outcomes exist and what the
effect sizes were. Twelve papers met inclusion criteria. Of the ten studies that measured MVPA, a moderate positive effect was
found between WHT interventions and weekly MVPA. Five studies measured average daily step count and from this, a weak positive
effect was found between WHT interventions and step count increase. Five studies measured sedentary time and revealed a weakly
positive correlation between WHT use and increased sedentary time, though this data was unreliable. Lastly, three studies
measured weight and revealed a weak negative effect between WHT use and weight, however, this was also limited due to the small
sample. Thus, this review validates the use of WHT to improve MVPA and possibly step count in cancer survivors while it appears
WHTs have a lesser impact on weight and potentially an opposite effect on sedentary time.
Trend Analysis of Physical Activity Measurement Research Using Text Mining in Big Data Analytics
Authors: Lee Seungbak , Kang Minsoo
Published: April 2022

Measurements of physical activity taken in a valid and reliable way are essential in characterizing the relationship between physical activity and
health outcomes. Given the steadily growing interest in the physical activity measurement and the lack of research to identify current trends, this
study investigated the research trend of physical activity measurement by applying four text data mining techniques (i.e., future signal, keyword
network analysis, keyword trend, and keyword association rule). A total of 54,670 publications from 1982 to 2021 were collected from PubMed. As a
result, the current study 1) confirmed two weak signal topics (i.e., “validity of physical activity instrument” and “classification of physical
activity patterns using machine learning algorithms”) that are likely to affect future research trends, 2) identified keywords (e.g., “youth,”
“adult,” “woman,” “survey,” “questionnaire,” and “monitor”) from the perspective of populations and measurement tools, 3) examined that the relative
importance of keyword, “senior” increased rapidly, and 4) indicated that new keywords (i.e., “smartphone,” “wearable device,” “GPS,” “tracker,” and
“app”) appeared in the early 2000s. The findings of this study provided implications for the selection of research topics and the use of text mining
techniques in physical activity measurement research.
Path Associations Between Preservice Physical Educators’ Beliefs About Epistemology and Their Value and
Self-Efficacy for Sport Education and Teaching Games for Understanding
Authors: Lodewyk Ken R.
Published: April 2022

Teachers’ beliefs about epistemology – that is, their personal broad mental representations about the nature of reality,
knowledge, and how people know and learn – have been associated with the many educational outcomes both in the classroom
and in physical education. Little is known about whether these beliefs predict physical educators’ value (i.e., interest,
importance, like, and usefulness) and self-efficacy (i.e., confidence in performing) for using constructivist teaching models
such as sport education and teaching games for understanding. As a result, this study examined path associations from beliefs
about epistemology (epistemic worldviews and epistemological beliefs) to value and self-efficacy for sport education and TGfU
in prospective physical educators. The sample consisted of 317 undergraduate students enrolled in a large (19,000 student)
public university in south-central Canada. These participants completed a survey lasting approximately 10-12 minutes near the
conclusion of one of their elective university classes in formal individual-dual games/sports (third year) or formal team
games/sports (fourth year). Results revealed that students on average held more to a constructivist than a realist epistemic
worldview, held relatively low unavailing epistemological beliefs for games (e.g., stable and simple knowledge that is learned
quickly, and had high value and self-efficacy for sport education and teaching games for understanding. The path analyses
revealed an excellent fit of the model to the data for these constructivist instructional models with each pathway significant
for teaching games for understanding and three of the four for sport education. The results signal that prospective physical
educators may be more susceptible to having less value and self-efficacy for using more constructivist instructional models if
they believe games knowledge is relatively stable, objective, uncomplicated (simple), quickly learned facts derived more passively
(rote learning) from mainly outer sources like expert teachers, coaches, and information resources. More efforts may be needed to
uncover, explain, and account for underlying beliefs about epistemology prior to operationalizing constructivist instructional models
such as sport education and teaching game for understanding.
Peran Kepolisian terhadap Tindak Pidana Judi Sabung Ayam di Ponorogo
Authors: Wardana Ferdin Okta
Published: April 2022

Perjudian merupakan sebuah perbuatan melanggar hukum yang banyak terjadi di Indonesi dan memiliki berbagai macam jenis. Judi sabung ayam menjadi salah stau jenis perjudian yang banyak terjadi di daerah, seperti di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Perjudian saat ini tidak hanya dilakukan oleh seorang individu dewasa tetapi juga dilakukan oleh anak-anak, sehingga tindakan ini sangat memerlukan penanganan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara langsung kepada narasumber kemudian dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian ini diantaranya untuk mengkaji sebab terjadinya judi sabung ayam dan untuk mengetahui serta mengkaji aturan yang digunakan serta upaya kepolisian dalam menangani judi sabung ayam di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya judi sabung ayam yaitu lemahnya ajaran pendalaman agama, faktor lingkungan dan pergaulan, kebiasaan, faktor ekonomi, dan lemahnya penegakan hukum. Penanganan tindak pidana perjudian sebenarnya telah dilakukan oleh Kepolisian dengan menggunakan aturan yang terdapat pada Pasal 303 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan Undang-undang No. 7 Tahun 1974 tentang Penertiban Perjudian. Aturan tersebut juga menjelaskan bahwa perjudian merupakan perbuatan terlarang dan sebuah bentuk kejahatan. Berbagai upaya preventif dan represif juga telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi tindak pidana ini. Upaya preventif biasa dilakukan dengan adanya pencegahan sebelum terjadi perjudian, sedangkan upaya represif biasa dilakukan pada saat perjudian itu berlangsung.
Analisa Makna ‘Persetujuan’ dalam Pemendikbud Ristek No. 30 Tahun 2021 terhadap Fenomena Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Pendidikan yang Dianggap sebagai Upaya Legitimasi Terhadap Perzinaan
Authors: Rahmasari Rizkia
Published: April 2022

Penelitian hukum normatif ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa unsur consent (persetujuan) yang terdapat didalam Pasal 5 Ayat (2) Peremendikbudristek No. 30 Tahun 2021 yang menuai pro dan kontra. Unsur persetujuan dianggap sebagai upaya untuk melegitimasi hubungan seksual di luar perkawinan atau zina. Jika dilihat dari arti sempit, dengan harus adanya unsur ‘persetujuan’ korban, maka hubungan seksual di luar perkawinan yang sah, tidak dianggap sebagai kekerasan seksual. Belakangan ini, kasus kekerasan seksual khususnya di lingkungan pendidikan kian meningkat, namun fenomena ini seakan menghilang begitu saja. Adanya ketimpangan relasi kuasa/gender dan tidak adanya payung hukum terhadap korban kekerasan seksual menyebabkan fenomena ini dianggap hilang begitu saja. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu adanya payung hukum terkait dengan kekerasan seksual dan perlindungan hukum terhadap korban. Melalui hasil penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa dalam Pasal 5 Ayat (2) menunjukan tidak adanya upaya untuk melegitimasi perzinaan di lingkungan pendidikan. Permendikbudristek sudah tepat dalam rangka upaya pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan seksual di lingkungan pendidikan.
A randomised control trial to compare comfort, rate of injury and speed whilst running using prefabricated orthotics inserted into running shoes versus running with no additional orthotics inside the running shoe
Authors: Ampat George , Rhodes Samantha , Sims Jonathan , Ismail Shaik Ashraf Bin Shaik
Published: April 2022

Background: Running is one of the most accessible and most popular sports globally. However, an increase in popularity has been followed by an increase in running-related injuries. An orthotic is a device fitted into the shoe for the proposed function of improving cushioning, sensory feedback, and comfort whilst also reducing the incidence of running-related injuries. The current study was a randomised control trial to assess the injury incidence, performance and comfort of runners using a prefabricated orthotic, compared to runners not using a prefabricated orthotic.

Methods: One hundred and six runners will be randomised either into the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will be supplied with prefabricated orthotics and the control group won’t be supplied with orthotics. Data will be collected regarding running-related injuries, distance run, time spent running and comfort during running. The study will span eight weeks. The first two and last two weeks will collect injury-related data only. Weeks three, four, five and six will collect both running and injury-related data. Participants must supply data from at least ten runs and eight injury reports.  

Conclusions: Running with orthotics has been shown to provide cushioning and improved proprioception, thereby decreasing the incidence of running-related injuries, improving performance, and increasing comfort. This paper aims to present a scientifically sound protocol to add to the existing knowledge surrounding the use of orthotics for runners.

Trial Registration: This trial was registered in May 2021 (NCT04901442).
Study of the association of cord serum albumin with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia among neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia among neonates in a teritary care hospital
Authors: Roach Vipin , Kumar Pancham , Sood Arvind , . Sachin
Published: April 2022

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is the most prevalent aberrant physical finding in the first week of life, affecting about 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates. Hyperbilirubinemia is more common in preterm infants due to a variety of causes, although it can also occur in healthy term infants. The liver produces albumin, which aids in the transport of unconjugated bilirubin. Hyperbilirubinemia can be predicted early, allowing newborns and mothers to be discharged sooner and stay in the hospital for less time. Objective were to study cord albumin levels, to study the proportion of newborn requiring intervention for neonatal jaundice (phototherapy or exchange transfusion) based on different levels of cord blood albumin (CBA) level at birth and thereby defining the critical cord blood albumins values with respect to significant neonatal jaundice.Method: The 200 cases who filled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included into the study for predictive value of CBA for NH. Then the data was analyzed using epi info and descriptive and inferential statistics were used.Result: In the present study, term group had 49 males and 45 females, while preterm group had 62 males and 47 females respectively. There was no significant association between gender and NNHB in either of the two groups (0.75 in term; 0.09 in preterm). There was also no association found between NH and the mode of delivery, in both term and preterm neonates with p=0.88 in term group and 0.84 in preterm group respectively. In our study, in the term group, only 1 (100%) with birth weight less than 2.5 kg developed significant NH. Only 33 (35.5%) out of 93 newborns with birth weight more than 2.5 kg developed NH. With p=0.01, there was significant association between birth weight and significant NH. Among preterm newborns, there was a significant association between birth weight and development of significant NH (p=0.0001).Conclusions: In present study findings showed that CBA level can be used as a predictor of NH in a term as well as preterm newborn soon after birth. As cord blood is easily available in an institutional delivery and albumin estimation also easily done which can help in recognizing risk group (low CBA) and strict vigilance should be followed.
Early kangaroo mother care in preterms weighing ≤1250 grams: before and after training program in neonatal nurses
Authors: Pandya Dhyey J. , Kartikeswar Gouda Ankula Prasad , Kadam Sandeep S.
Published: April 2022

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an evidence based approach to reduce mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates. Knowing nurses’ perception to early initiation of KMC will help scale-up this intervention. This study aimed to know barriers to early initiation of KMC in neonates weighing ≤1250 grams among nurses and effect of structured training programme on their perception and KMC provision.Methods: A prospective COHORT study was conducted at level three NICU where 40 nurses were interviewed by a predesigned questionnaire followed by KMC training and practice phase. Repeat survey was conducted at the end of the study to know change in nursing perception.Results: Two themes identified from the pre KMC training questionnaire were: Infant related barriers and nursing practice related barriers. Among infant related barriers KMC training significantly reduced nurses’ hesitation for KMC initiation in neonates with gestation age <28 weeks (45% to 20%), invasive ventilation (55% to 25%), UVC in situ (70% to 50%) and PICC in situ (52.5% to 22.5%). Nurses also felt more confident to continue KMC for longer hours (p value 0.002). Post KMC training initial day of KMC provision improved from 4.8 (±0.89) to 3.8 (±0.83).Conclusions: Identification of barriers to early KMC initiation and addressing them by standardized comprehensive training programme improves nurses’ perception and
Role of cerebral artery Doppler velocimetry in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Jain Shefali , Jain Piyush
Published: April 2022

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a brain injury that prevents adequate blood flow to the infant’s brain. As compared to MRI and CT scan, neurosonogram is easily available, cost effective and easily reproducible, and is not associated with any radiation exposure or sedation. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the role of neurosonogram changes in grey scale and Doppler findings in evaluation of HIE.Methods: It was a hospital-based case control study conducted over a period of one year in which 35 full term neonates born after 37 weeks of gestation with birth weight more than 2.5 kg and clinical evidence of HIE based on Sarnat and Sarnat classification were selected as cases. The 35 neonates other than HIE were matched by age and sex with the cases within 72 hours of birth were labelled as control.Results: On doppler USG both resistive index (RI) and pulsatilitiy index (PI) in anterior cerebral artery (ACA) as well as middle cerebral artery (MCA) were significantly lower in HIE subjects compare to control group while peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were significantly higher in HIE subjects. There was significant association of RI, PI and EDV with severity of HIE.Conclusions: Spectral doppler imaging has very high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis as well as grading of HIE. Therefore, it is recommended that in all neonates with clinical suspicion of HIE, neurosonogram along with spectral doppler of cranial arteries should be done for evaluation of HIE.
Neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome: a less explored diagnosis
Authors: Kumar Chanchal , Pothala Rajeev , Bathina Sushma Poornima , Dodda Deepika , Rao Eswara S.
Published: April 2022

Neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is less explored and unclassified entity although the neonatologists are aware of the existence of this condition. Extensive lung inflammation and surfactant catabolism leading to lung dysfunction are the pathophysiological characteristics of neonatal ARDS which is like in older children and adults. Montreux definition should be used for neonates from birth until 4 weeks or 44 weeks post-menstrual age if born before 40-weeks’ gestation. Trials on surfactant for ARDS in neonates have been performed well before the NARDS definitions and yielded conflicting results. Authors reported a preterm baby identified with neonatal ARDS secondary to polymicrobial sepsis (Candida parasilosis and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus) after meeting the Montreux definition for neonatal ARDS. He was initially treated with conventional ventilation and was successfully treated with high frequency ventilation and surfactant administration. Well-designed preclinical and explanatory clinical studies to investigate the use of surfactant for neonatal ARDS are needed.
The use of ilizarov external fixator for open comminuted fractures in different parts of tibia
Authors: Shamim M. Lahaj Uddin , Adom Shamim , Jowardar A. H. , Jewel M. Mehedi Hasan
Published: April 2022

Background: Open fracture of tibia is a common occurrence in the orthopedic treatment arena. Ilizarov technique is a popular technique of treating open tibial fracture after debridement and open reduction. It is comparatively a newer method and has many advantages.

Methods: This study was carried out in the department of orthopaedics, Centre for women and child health, Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to June 2021. In total 30 patients with tibial fractures were selected as the study population. Before starting the intervention, the written consent of the participants was taken and this study was approved by the ethical committee of the respective medical college.

Results: Out of total 30 participants, 24 (80%) were males and 6 (30%) were female. In analyzing mode of injuries, we found highest (86.7%) participants were from road accidents followed by 10% from sports injury and the remaining 3.3% from general falls. The duration of treatment with the fixator was 12-23 weeks (average 16 weeks). Fourteen patients wore a PTB cast for an additional period of 4 weeks. In our study total 30 cases were debrided on the same day and stabilized with Ilizarov ring fixator after a period of 5 to 12 days from the date of injury. The operation time ranged from 90 minutes to 120 minutes (Mean 102±4 minutes).

Conclusions: No case developed deep infection, non-union or unacceptable mal-union. The construct is stable and enables the patient to bear weight on the affected limb a short time after the surgery, even in cases of comminuted fractures.
Study of clinical outcome of single intra-articular injection of artificial hyaluronic acid preparation in patients with grade III and grade IV knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Choudhary Sumedh , Ghoti Santosh
Published: April 2022

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is problematic in elderlies. Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) has been used with good results in patients with early OA, but evidence to recommend their use in late stages is insufficient. The aim of the study was to analyse whether intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid preparation can provide relief in patients with grade III and grade IV knee OA.

Methods: This observational study was conducted over 2 years amongst patients with late knee arthritis. On standing radiographs, patients were categorized- group 1 with stage III and group 2 with stage IV knee OA. Standardized technique was employed in all participants for single shot intra-articular hylan-GF-20 injection. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 3, 6 and 12 months.

Results: Group 1 patients showed significant improvement in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores at 3, 6 and 12 months (p<0.05). In group 2, improvement was noted in WOMAC score for pain and function at 3 months (p<0.05). There was no significant improvement in functional and total WOMAC score at 6 and 12 months (p>0.05). Results for the new OA research society international (OARSI) responder criteria measures for proposition D reflected that, 94.87% and 25% patients were responder and 5.13% and 75% of patients were non-responder in group 1 (grade III) and group 2 (grade IV) respectively at the end of 6 months.

Conclusions: In patients with grade III and grade IV knee OA, a single intra-articular injection of HA preparation (Hylan GF-20) showed pain relief for medium and short duration respectively. TKA remains the mainstay of management.

 
Haemostatic wound dressing and pharmacologic agents for management of bleeding in dentistry
Authors: Chawla Ashmita Kaur , Johar Navdeep , Dosi Tanvi , Mahay Pooja , Hissariya Neha , Phulambrirar Tushar
Published: April 2022

Haemostasis is a mechanism that, through different interdependent biologic processes, has the purpose of ensuring the integrity and permeability of the circulatory system. Haemostasis term means prevention the loss of blood. Interventions or treatments in the oral cavity, in particular those with a possibility of bleeding, represent a risk for patients with disorders of haemostasis. Prevention is the key to avoid bleeding complications after oral surgical procedures and therefore it is essential a detailed medical history of the patient. This paper investigates the effects of wound dressing and local pharmacologic treatments on haemostasis.
Os Níveis de Satisfação dos Estudantes do Ensino à Distância em um Polo de Apoio Presencial da Região Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Fagundes Mara Aparecida Barnaski , Sausen Jorge Oneide , Brizola Maria Margarete Baccin
Published: April 2022

A pesquisa procurou identificar os benefícios mais valorizados e o grau de satisfação dos estudantes de um polo de apoio presencial de uma instituição de ensino à distância. Um survey utilizando questionário foi aplicado em uma amostra de 218 estudantes. A análise possui como preceitos teóricos o estudo do Comportamento do Consumidor e a Teoria Institucional das Organizações. Conclui-se que os estudantes entrevistados estão "satisfeitos" e "muito satisfeitos" com os benefícios percebidos nos produtos e serviços do polo de apoio presencial da IES pesquisada, expressando estarem muito satisfeitos com o atendimento da secretaria; limpeza e organização, e agendamento de provas presenciais no polo. Todavia os estudantes também demonstraram graus de insatisfação com o tempo de espera para apresentações de trabalhos, mesas, cadeiras, iluminação, e a entrega do material didático. Sendo assim, pesquisas dessa natureza são fundamentais para institucionalização de alguns requisitos no EaD e nos polos de apoio presencial.

Palavras-chave: Ensino à distância. Polos de apoio presencial. Estudantes. Níveis de satisfação.