bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shelf life of canned milk as an indicator of efficiency of the technological process
Authors: Ivkova I A , Zubareva E A , Dovgan N B , Podolnikova J A
Published: January 2021

Preserving milk solves problems related to the seasonality of milk production. It improves the transportability of dairy raw materials, and provides dairy products to the population that does not receive natural milk due to geographical, climatic and other reasons; it also provides specialized nutrition to people who are in extreme conditions. The development of techniques and methods for creating technologies for dry canned food of increased shelf life and nutritional value is a relevant task. Standard methods were used for evaluation of raw materials and finished products. The results of the technologies for high-fat sublimated milk-containing product are presented in this article. The product has a shelf life of up to two years due to stabilization of antioxidants, increased nutritional and biological value, and replacement of part of the milk fat with vegetable fat rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The new type of freeze-drying, high-fat canned milk is produced with a resource-saving technology.
Regional problems of livestock production and import substitution
Authors: Kolosov Y A , Chamurliev N G , Fedorov V H , Illarionova N F , Kaidalov A F , Vorontsova E S , Fedorova V V
Published: January 2021

Currently, the direction of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is import substitution, maintaining a balance of consumption and production, ensuring the country’s food security and reducing the volume of agricultural imports. Based on the analysis of food resource balances, it was revealed that the domestic production of meat and meat products, as well as milk and dairy products in the Rostov Region does not cover domestic consumption and continues to be formed through imports. The material for the study was the data available on the official website of Rostovstat, on the basis of which an analysis was made of the balance of food resources of livestock and an analysis of the self-sufficiency of the population with food. When performing the work, methods of comparative and categorical analysis, synthesis and generalization, tabular data visualization techniques were used. The study characterizes the food dependence of the region’s meat resources on imports in 2016-2018 as dangerous, since the coefficient of dependence of consumption on imports is above 50%. The level of food dependence of dairy resources, eggs and egg products on imports is safe – the coefficient of dependence of consumption on imports is less than 25%.
Assessing the processability of Russian varieties and hybrids of root crops
Authors: Nadezhkin S M , Tereshonok V I , Molchanova A V , Markarova M Yu , Stepanov V A
Published: January 2021

Biochemical and organoleptic properties of varieties and hybrids of carrots and beets after their processing were studied. Minchanka and Marlinka carrot varieties, as well as Gazpadynya and Nesravnennaya beet varieties were the best for making of vegetable purees. In terms of preservation of vitamin C, the best indicators were characteristic of the F1 Nadezhda hybrid and the Minchanka variety. Preservation of carotenoids is the greatest in the F1 Nadezda hybrid and Marlinka varieties.
Technology for increasing the bioavailability of feed using quorum sensing inhibitors
Authors: Atlanderova κ N , Makaeva A M , Kurilkina M Ya , Kholodilina T N , Duskaev G K
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of studies on increasing the bioavailability of feed, when using oak bark extract (OBE) and quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) in the diet of cattle, in particular, the effect on volatile fatty acids, pH, ammonia and the content of nitrogen metabolites. The use of OBE and QSI was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of VFAs by 1.17 and 5.56 % (P≤0.05) three hours after feeding. The studies revealed an increase in the concentration of ammonia in the cicatricial content when adding ECD and IR by up to 2.88 and 8.80 % (P≤0.001) 3 hours after feeding, respectively. The same tendency is observed at a 6-hour exposure, the ammonia level increases by 6.08 % (P≤0.01) and 11.08 % (P≤0.001). The effect of oak bark extract on the bioavailability of the forage substrate in the rumen was accompanied by an increase in the total nitrogen content by 2.10% (P≤0.05), and in the group using quorum inhibitors, by 4.41% (P≤0.01). 6 hours after feeding, the content of non-protein nitrogen decreased by 4.56 and 7.45 % (P≤0.01) in the OBE and QSI groups; this indicates a significant rate of nitrogen assimilation by the scar microbiota which converts it into protein.
Justification of rational and safe biotechnological methods of using fat additives from vegetable raw materials
Authors: Grechkina V V , Lebedev S V , Miroshnikov I S , Ryazanov V A , Sheida E V , Korolev V L
Published: January 2021

Development of technologies for the production of new safe food products based on natural raw materials are one of the most important areas of development of the food industry. The paper analyzes the nutritional and biological value of three types of palm, soy and linseed oils. The experiment showed that the inclusion of palm oil (3% dry matter) in the diet of calves increases the digestibility of crude protein by 5.6%, crude fiber-by 2.0%, crude fat-by 25.1% the reaction to soy and linseed oil was accompanied by inhibition of the digestibility of fiber, protein and fat. Depending on the fatty acid composition of sunflower oil, the digestibility of arginine increased by 5.3%, Proline – by 5%, and histidine – by 3.7% compared to the control group (without oil). The inclusion of palm and soy oil was accompanied by a decrease in the digestibility of palmitic and oleic acids with an increase in the content of linoleic acid by 16.9% the Inclusion of linseed oil in the diet stimulated the digestibility of palmitic and linolenic acids by 26.2% and 23.0% and reduced the level of oleic and linoleic acids by 4.5 and 56.5%. Thus, the use of vegetable fat as an open-access energy source contributes to a selective increase in the production of safe products.
Parametric structural analysis of nutritional value of personalized foods using Microsoft Excel
Authors: Lisin P A , Moliboga E A , Trofimov I E
Published: January 2021

Present-day market relations require enhancing the efficiency of production, sustainable use of resources and development of technological and economical calculations. The use of digital technologies plays a significant role in the development of innovative technologies in food processing industry. At the present time recipe calculation in chocolate manufacturing is done with a book of standardized recipes (1986). According to the method proposed in the present article, a conventional calculation of a chocolate product recipe is carried out with the use of a standardized recipe. It must be pointed out, that the conventional method requires a series of step-by-step calculations, which are very time-consuming, and also it requires the calculation of raw material consumption, caloric and nutritional values of the product. In the case when a new ingredient is introduced into the recipe of the chocolate product, total recalculation is required. The difficulty of the multicomponent recipe problem lies in the fact that at present it involves many ingredients (more than 5). In this case, a recipe calculation that is done without use of present-day digital technologies is extremely time-consuming which leads to the loss of efficiency in production control. The enumerated disadvantages of the conventional method can be solved by using digital technologies that save time of doing technological calculations and eliminate human errors.
Comparative evaluation of aqueous propolis extracts prepared in different ways
Authors: Vakhonina E A , Budnikova N V , Mitrofanov D V , Repyeva L A , Stepantseva G K
Published: January 2021

The increase in oxidative stress is an important factor of the occurrence of many diseases. Antioxidants are substances that slow down or prevent oxidative processes in small amounts. Propolis is a leader in antioxidant activity and bioflavonoid content among foods consumed. It supports the immune system and helps protect cells from damage by free radicals. Therefore, the study of the antioxidant properties of propolis and propolis extracts is relevant. The article studies propolis extracts obtained by different methods. It establishes content of extractives, flavonoid compounds, unsaturated compounds, substances with reducing properties. The article also develops the most effective methods for producing aqueous extracts of propolis.
Identification and risk assessment in determining the effectiveness of production veterinary and sanitary control in poultry farms
Authors: Zhuravel N A , Miftakhutdinov A V , Zhuravel V V
Published: January 2021

In order to identify and assess the risks of poultry veterinary services in determining the effectiveness of production veterinary and sanitary control at poultry farms, a scale of risk indicators for violation of mandatory veterinary requirements has been developed. The list of indicators include 65 indicators used at poultry farms producing meat, 66 indicators used at poultry farms producing eggs, 69 indicators used at poultry farms producing second-order pedigree reproducers. It has been established that the efficiency of veterinary and sanitary control at meat production poultry farms is 96.92-98.46%, egg production poultry farms - 97.73, second order breeding farms - 99.28-100%. The use of the scale helped to reduce the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases to 0 at poultry farms of meat direction, 6 times - at poultry farms of egg direction, and 1.5 times - at second-order breeding farms. Permanent veterinary and sanitary control over the transportation of chickens for slaughter allowed to reduce the number of birds not allowed to slaughter 3.06 times, the number of rejected carcasses - 1.38 times. A satisfactory level of disinfection quality, negative results of bacteriological examination of products confirm the effectiveness of production veterinary and sanitary control aimed at reducing the risk of production of unsafe poultry products.
Efficiency and safety of heavy metals in animal nutrition
Authors: Kazakova T V , Marshinskaia O V , Notova S V
Published: January 2021

The current ecological situation in large industrial cities is characterized by a negative impact on all elements of ecosystems, among which heavy metals are priority. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of manganese load on the body of laboratory animals. The study was performed on female rats of mature age (3 months) weighing 200±10 g (n=18). The study evaluated the oral administration of manganese sulfate for 28 days using the behavioral and cognitive functions of laboratory animals using tests “Open field”, “Light-dark transition test” and the installation “Water maze test”. In animals, there was a decrease in interest in examining holes, an increase in acts of defecation and grooming, and a manifestation of passive fear in the new environment. The results of the “Water maze test” showed violations of spatial memory and the learning process in animals receiving manganese sulfate. It can be concluded that the salt of manganese sulfate has a negative effect on the central nervous system of animals.
Reducing the modifying impact of the ecological factor at breeding value assessment of Hereford bull calves taking into account phenotype and complex of genes GH and GDF5
Authors: Dzhulamanov K M , Lebedev S V , Gerasimov N P , Dzhulamanov E B
Published: January 2021

The objective assessment of beef cattle genetic potential is a priority task of beef cattle breeding intensification. The purpose of the study was to test a method for reducing the modifying effect of ecological factor in assessing the breeding value of Hereford bulls based on combined selection, taking into account the phenotype assessment and genotyping by GH and GDF5 genes. For this purpose, the bull calves were tested according to productivity in two variants: 1) setting and selection of young cattle for control cultivation on the basis of phenotype (traditional assessment); 2) traditional selection was supplemented by genotyping assay for the complex of GH and GDF5 genes. The individuals with desired allelic profile (genotypes VV and VL of GH gene and genotypes TT and TC of GDF5 gene) showed increased weight gain intensity relative to their herd mates. The analysis of body weight repeatability data at different stages of ontogenesis shows that the selection of carriers of desirable alleles for the gene complex increases the accuracy of high-priced animal selection. Thus, in order to determine the genetic potential of Hereford bull calves more objectively and minimizing the ecological impact on breeding value, it is advisable to use a combined approach to selection that unites the assessment of the phenotype of young cattle and the genotyping of animals taking into account the complex of genes GH and GDF5.
Technological aspects of getting essential elements using probiotic preparations based on bacteria of the genus Bacillus
Authors: Klimova T A
Published: January 2021

The paper presents data on getting bioavailable forms of essential elements on the example of zinc using probiotic strains. Probiotic strains form the basis of probiotic preparations: “Sporobacterin” (B. subtilis 534) and “Bactisubtil” (B. cereus 5832). The experiment was carried out on laboratory animals (rats). To confirm the technology of obtaining bioavailable forms of zinc, studies of blood biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) were carried out, and also the data on the delivery of zinc in the tissue of laboratory animals were reflected. The data of the conducted study indicate small changes in the biochemical parameters of blood against the background of a mineral deficient state. The concentration of the studied biochemical parameters was within the reference values. Probiotic strains did not affect blood biochemical parameters adversely. Evaluation of the accumulation of bioavailable forms of zinc showed that inactivated Bacillus strains were capable of converting into a bioavailable form and delivering zinc to the tissues of laboratory animals. It can be concluded that one of the possible options for regulating the elemental status of the organism of animals and humans is the technology of using biotic preparations based on the metabolic by-product of representatives of transient microflora with high sorption characteristics.
The influence of cavitation processing on biotechnological aspects of feed application
Authors: Bykov A V , Kvan O V , Duskaev G K
Published: January 2021

The problem using production waste rationally is a fundamental one for our country. Waste agro-industrial complex is characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, proteins and fat, which makes them indispensable when balancing rations. In this regard, the method is about obtaining fodder product on the basis of cellulose-containing wastes enriched with zeolite powder. The method is based on ultrasonic treatment of joint products (bran) and the mineral zeolite. The efficiency of the use of the product lies in poultry feeding.
Socio-economic problems of agriculture of the Republic of Khakassia during the reform
Authors: Chebochakov E Ya , Shpedt A A , Shaposhnikov G M , Murtaev V N , Kadychegov V A
Published: January 2021

The article shows that the socio-economic conditions in the agriculture of the Republic of Khakassia, located in the south of Central Siberia, is undergoing significant changes for 25–28 years after the transition from public to private property. Land use, agricultural products, population size and migration are considered at different periods of reform. During the transition from public ownership to private ownership, a substantial redistribution of arable land occurred.
The effectiveness of the primary tillage system using green manure, biological products and fertilizers on typical black soil in the Chechen Republic
Authors: Khusainov Kh A , Zavalin A A , Abasov Sh M , Abasov M Sh , Shishkhaev I Ia , Tuntaev A V , Murtazaliev M S , Mishchenko T M
Published: January 2021

The results of studies within the framework of the state task on the topic: “To scientifically substantiate a resource-saving system of basic tillage using organic fertilizers and biological products for the sustainable production of crop production, preservation and reproduction of soil fertility on black soil typical of the Chechen Republic,” are presented. The research has been conducted since 2018 at the Chechen Agricultural Research Institute. According to the research phase, soil fertility and crop productivity were studied depending on the main processing system using green manure, biological products and mineral fertilizers. The primary tillage system included: plowing, disking and chiseling. The results of the experiment showed a positive effect of the primary tillage system and green manure on its fertility, mainly indicators are better when plowing. The humus content in the soil is higher during plowing in the “NPK” variant, where in the arable layer it is 4.1 % (average level), in the arable layer – 3.7 % (low level). The nitrogen content is higher when plowing the soil in the “NPK + biological product” variant, where in the arable layer – 28 mg/kg, in the subsoil layer – 21 mg/kg, which refers to an increased level. Potassium indices are higher for soil chelating in the “NPK + biological product” variant – 220 mg/kg in the arable layer (average content), 130 mg/kg in the sub-arable layer (low content). The phosphorus content is higher when plowing the soil in the “Biopreparation” variant – 28 mg/kg in the arable layer and 17 mg/kg in the arable layer, which refers to the average level.
Distribution of trace elements in soil and plants under the action of bio-organic and mineral fertilizers
Authors: Adaev N L , Amaeva A G , Zanilov A Kh , Adaev I N
Published: January 2021

The deficiency of trace elements in the soil is often among the factors limiting the degree of realization of the genetic potential of crops. As a rule, the availability of trace elements to plants from soil is determined by their concentration in it, which is in the easily hydrolyzed phase. At the same time, some trace elements with increasing concentration in soil are considered as one of the most dangerous pollutants. After exceeding the established maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and approximate permissible concentrations (APC), some trace elements are classified as heavy metals.
Study of the effect of nanoparticles Cu, Zn and Mo on vermiculture to create new technologies for bioremediation of contaminated soils
Authors: Lebedev S V , Vershinina I A
Published: January 2021

One of the manifestations of the toxic effect of nanoparticles on living organisms is the ability of nanoparticles to generate reactive oxygen species. At the same time, antioxidant protection enzymes should be considered as biomarkers of such an effect. In our study, we used nanoparticles (NPs) of Cu, Zn, Mo at concentrations of 50, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of dry soil. Standardized soil of 70 % quartz sand, 20 % kaolin, and 10 % crushed peat was used as a substrate. The test objects were E. fetida worms. We obtained the following results: SOD activity predominantly decreased (to –69.5 % at 200 mg/kg nanoparticles Cu), the CAT activity increased (up to 110 % at a dose of 1000 mg/kg nanoparticles Mo). The MDA content was higher than the control at 500–1000 mg/kg nanoparticles Zn and Mo. In accordance with the revealed effects in the description of the comparative action of Cu, Zn, Mo nanoparticles on the antioxidant system, it was found that their toxicity to E. fetida progressively decreased in the order: Mo → Zn → Cu. Thus, we have shown the possibility of using vermiculture in the development of technologies and methods for the restoration of soils contaminated with metals, since worms have the ability to tolerate oxidative stress, activating defense mechanisms.
Promising nanocompounds based on carbon and ultrafine metal particles with antibacterial properties in the development of a new generation of nano-disinfectants
Authors: Aleshina E S , Drozdov E A , Sizov E A
Published: January 2021

Using the unique properties of nanomaterials leads to new and original solutions to the problems that are currently emerging, for example, to solving the problem of the development of various infections caused by bacterial strains that are resistant to traditional antibacterial drugs. This fully applies to bacterial strains—pathogens of animal and human infections with resistance to drugs—as well as to bacteria on the surfaces in laboratories and hospitals that acquired new resistance to a wide range of chemicals and compounds that were previously used against them. In this regard, the development of a new generation of nano-disinfectants based on fundamentally different active components, in particular, on the basis of carbon nano compounds and ultrafine metal particles, is of particular interest. Evaluation of such nanoscale compounds and/or particles was carried out using a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli K12 TG1 with the cloned luxCDABE genes of Vibrio fischeri by bioluminescent analysis. The compounds of nanocarbon and metal nanoparticles that can be used as an active principle in the creation of antibacterial drugs used in medicine and veterinary medicine are defined.
Development of a digital model for assessing the influence of agroecological factors on the productivity of wheat grains
Authors: Besaliev I N , Bolodurina I P , Parfenov D I , Akimov S S
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to build a model of the influence of agro ecological factors on the productivity of wheat grains. In connection with the ongoing climate changes and, as a result, changes in the growing season, it is required to annually adjust the basic parameters that affect the quality and yield of crops. As a rule, the basic parameters include the norms of applied mineral fertilizers, the timing of sowing and the seeding rate. Correct and accurate determination of acceptable values for each of the listed parameters in specific agro-climatic conditions will improve the quality of wheat crops. In the framework of the work, a statistical study of the degree of influence of individual factors on the productivity of seeds of cereal crops was carried out.
Ecologized technology of spring wheat cultivation with application of granular organic fertilizers
Authors: Apaeva N N , Yamalieva A M , Manishkin S G
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to studying the impact of granular organic fertilizers based on poultry manure on improving the environmental situation, which in some farms has deteriorated in the process of poultry farms. The production and application of granular organic fertilizers in spring wheat cultivation promotes the optimization of phytosanitary condition of agrocenosis. They activate soil microflora. In the soil and rhizosphere of spring wheat, it decreases the amount of pathogenic fungi, increases the number of antagonist fungi. The total number of soil fungi increases by 1.8 times compared to the unfertilized area. Affection of spring wheat plants by root rot is reduced by 1.5 times compared to control. Granular organic fertilizers had a significant impact on spring wheat productivity. Plants in this variant grew larger as opposed to control and variant with mineral fertilizer. Spring wheat yields increased by 63 % compared to the controls.
The influence of the preceding crops on the soil moisture content under the spring soft wheat fields
Authors: Belyaev V I , Sokolova L V
Published: January 2021

The paper presents data on the influence of the preceding crops on the soil moisture content under the spring soft wheat fields in the conditions of the moderately dry steppe in Altai Krai. The wheat was sown after three different predecessors: legumes, row crops and fallows. The total soil moisture content in the one-meter layer had been decreased from the beginning to the end of the vegetation period. The preceding crops have a significant influence on this indicator. This must be taken into account for the development of technology for environmentally sustainable and efficient spring soft wheat production.
Use of straw in organic farming
Authors: Bogdanchikov I Yu , Byshov N V , Bachurin A N , Yesenin M A
Published: January 2021

The article describes the results of a study on the use of crop residues (straw) as a fertilizer in the organic farming system. The studies were carried out in two farms of Ryazan region and consisted in disposing of crop residues as a fertilizer using a special machine. It is a device for utilizing the non-grain part of the crop as a fertilizer and using the standard technology with the addition of biological products with the help of a sprayer. The design of the developed machine allows selection and grinding of the plant material with its simultaneous treatment with a working solution of biopreparations or stubble destructors. Recycled plant residues were treated with various biopreparations: Agrinos-1 1.2-2 l/ha, Sternifag SP 80 g/ha, Ecorost 0.4 l/ha and Biocomplex BTU 1 l/ha. As a control, the straw was crushed and embedded in the upper soil layers without treatment with biopreparations. From the moment of disposal of crop residues and until the beginning of spring barley sowing in April 2019, the activity of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the soil was recorded (using the linen method). Content of the main micro and macro elements was established by a comprehensive chemical analysis. Before harvesting in August 2019, biological productivity was recorded (it was 15.2% higher on variants using biopreparations for stubble destruction) and the quality was assessed by the protein content in the grain.
Ecologization of crop industry by introducing a bean component into the field crop rotation of Western Siberia
Authors: Chibis V V , Chibis S P
Published: January 2021

The paper studies field crop agrophytocenoses and their productivity in multi-year field experiments. Accompanying measurements and observations of crop rotations in the southern forest steppe zone of Western Siberia were carried out using the method of state crop testing and methodological instructions of B.A. Dospekhov. The soybean grain quality was determined according to GOST 10846-91 Grain and its processing products. Method of protein definition; GOST ISO 5983-2-2016 Fodder, compound feeds, compound feed raw materials. The mass fraction of nitrogen was determined and the mass fraction of crude protein was calculated. Sibiryachka soybean variety was used in crops. The experience has shown that the maximum accumulation of humus is ensured by crop rotation alternation. The use of complete fallow in rotation increases the productivity of the whole crop rotation to 2.36 t/ha with feed unit content amounting to 3.87 t/ha. Crop-replacing rotation differ from each other in productivity, however, the inclusion of oilseed crop in the scheme allowed balancing the content of feed units. The rotation of crops and the place of soybean in crop rotation significantly affected its yield. Protein accumulation does not depend on rotation and a set of precursors.
Restoration of woodland belts and sustainable development of agroecosystems of steppe zone of the Orenburg oblast (Russia)
Authors: Fedorova D G , Safonov M A , Nazarova N M , Ukenov B S
Published: January 2021

Orenburg oblast is situated in the steppe zone. The climate is continental, characterized by a large amplitude of fluctuations in both summer and winter air temperatures, and insufficient precipitation. Due to such low climate potential, the development of agricultural production in the region needs constant improvement (increasing soil fertility, erosion control, planting sustainable crops). Therefore, optimization of agricultural production in order to restore the productive potential of land is one of the most actual problems in the region. Orenburg oblast due to its geographical location is characterized by dry winds, which not only dry up the soil, but also sharply reduce its fertility, effect on the water balance, and reduce yield. Therefore, the creation of forest protection treestands in this case is a priority method that contributes to the preservation of soil fertility in the region and, consequently, to the increased rate of agricultural production. In this article, we consider some species of plants belonging to the genera Sorbus L., Crataegus L., Aronia Pers., Syringa L., which have a number of positive ecological and biological characteristics, compared to plants that are widely used in forest protection plantations in the region today (Betula pendula Roth., Pinus sylvestris L., etc.). Using plants that have significant advantages in creating protective forests, it becomes possible to solve the problem of sustainable development of the land fund, and, consequently, to increase the rate of agricultural production. This will allow regulating land use processes not only at the regional level, but also at the state level.
Modern climatic resources of the farming post-virgin land regions in Ural and West Siberia and their agricultural assessment
Authors: Gulyanov Yu A , Chibilyov A A , Levykin S V , Yakovlev I G
Published: January 2021

Modern climatic resources of model regions (Orenburg oblast and Altai Krai) were identified and their agricultural assessment was made to explain scientifically development and implementation of approaches of rational environmental management to agricultural use of farming lands in the post-virgin land regions of Ural and West Siberia. Open access special data on climatic research have served as a source of meteorological information. Commonly accepted methods of the statistical analysis were used to process digital content. It was ascertained that under a total aridity within the studied regions their modern climatic resources had a line of special features. Altai Krai is characterized by more favorable conditions for spring crops vegetation due to predominant precipitation during the summer months and less favorable conditions for winter crops, especially against the background of cooling during the winter months. In Orenburg oblast, increasing aridity of the summer months may prevent complete actualization of productive potential of spring crops and formation of full-grown shoots of winter crops. Introduction of nature-similar technologies in landscape-adaptive systems of agriculture was considered as the principal way to use effectively climatic resources.
Development trends of a waste processing system as a factor of improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Kuznetsova N A , Kozlova O A , Zinich L V
Published: January 2021

Recently, much attention has been paid in the world community to environmental protection, human health, mainly through the reduction of production and consumption waste dumping. Today, the problem of waste is the most relevant. Waste becomes not only a source of environmental pollution, but also deteriorates the sanitary-epidemiological and aesthetic qualities of nature. Besides, some wastes have properties that allow their further use as secondary raw materials, which is quite interesting from the point of view of their use as a material resource, and their return to the circulation of working capital acquires an important environmental, economic and energy-saving value. The purpose of the study is to characterize modern technologies for processing agricultural waste and to offer directions for waste integrated management. It is planned to collect information presenting a particular practical interest to agricultural producers, as well as to state and other regulatory bodies in the field of agriculture. The methodological basis of the study included the provisions of various theories and methodologies for the analysis of agricultural sustainability, methods to forecast the economic development of rural territories. The information base of the study was statistical collections and directories of state and regional statistics bodies, federal and regional regulatory legal acts, expert databases.
Modern assessment of soil resources of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Shpedt A A , Aksenova Yu V
Published: January 2021

A comparative assessment of the natural potential of mountain-valley soils of Kyrgyzstan was carried out. The assessment score was determined by the soil-ecological index (SEI). The calculation of the SEI for the main soil types showed that the most valuable soils are formed under moderately cool and humid climate and are represented by low-humic chernozems and Turanian dark grey soils, with an estimated score of 41–37. The increase in climate aridity and an increase in the accumulated temperature above 10°C contribute to the formation of less fertile Turanian typical grey soils, northern grey soils, and chestnut soils. The SEI of these soils varies from 25 to 32 points. Grey-brown desert and light brown soils of the Central Tien Shan, developing under conditions of high moisture deficit, have the minimum scores (13, 16 points). SEIs are largely determined by soil and climate indices. The agrochemical index is estimated by a similar score throughout the study area, since all soils are poor in nitrogen and phosphorus, provided with potassium and differ only in humus content. The value of the climate index to a greater extent depended on the moisture supply of the territories. The soil index varied within 1–2 points and significantly decreased only in soils of varying degrees of erosion, salinity and rockiness.
Assessment of phytocenoses ecological potential in south of Western Siberia based on hydrological and climatic calculations to increase agricultural production
Authors: Tusupbekov Zh A , Ryapolova N L , Nadtochiy V S
Published: January 2021

The development of the agricultural sector, which provides the population with basic types of food products, is of great importance for the country’s economy. The main branches of agriculture include plant growing and animal husbandry, the effective development of which is of economic but also of significant economic and social importance. The main areas of crop production are represented by grain, vegetable farms and the cultivation of fodder crops. Of great importance for the effective cultivation of crops with sustainable crops is the farming system that is maximally adapted to local climatic and landscape conditions. In work, the ecological potential of phytocenoses was estimated, taking into account the peculiarities of the territorial distribution of heat and water resources in the south of Western Siberia. The necessity of comparing the specific ecological potential of phytocenoses with a possible technogenic load in order to ensure the stability of its functioning is shown.
Human Mobility Associated With Risk of Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Sichuan, China
Authors: Buchwald Andrea G , Grover Elise , Van Dyke Julia , Kechris Katerina , Lu Ding , Liu Yang , Zhong Bo , Carlton Elizabeth J
Published: January 2021

Urbanization increases human mobility in ways that can alter the transmission of classically rural, vector-borne diseases like schistosomiasis. The impact of human mobility on individual-level Schistosoma risk is poorly characterized. Travel outside endemic areas may protect against infection by reducing exposure opportunities, whereas travel to other endemic regions may increase risk. Using detailed monthly travel- and water-contact surveys from 27 rural communities in Sichuan, China, in 2008, we aimed to describe human mobility and to identify mobility-related predictors of S. japonicum infection. Candidate predictors included timing, frequency, distance, duration, and purpose of recent travel as well as water-contact measures. Random forests machine learning was used to detect key predictors of individual infection status. Logistic regression was used to assess the strength and direction of associations. Key mobility-related predictors include frequent travel and travel during July—both associated with decreased probability of infection and less time engaged in risky water-contact behavior, suggesting travel may remove opportunities for schistosome exposure. The importance of July travel and July water contact suggests a high-risk window for cercarial exposure. The frequency and timing of human movement out of endemic areas should be considered when assessing potential drivers of rural infectious diseases.
Blood Pressure in Young Adults and Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life
Authors: Yano Yuichiro
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has declined markedly over the past several decades among middle-age and older adults in the United States. However, young adults (18–39 years of age) have had a lower rate of decline in CVD mortality. This trend may be related to the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) having increased among young US adults. Additionally, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension are low among US adults between 20 and 39 years of age. Many young adults and healthcare providers may not be aware of the impact of high BP during young adulthood on their later life, the associations of BP patterns with adverse outcomes later in life, and benefit-to-harm ratios of pharmacological treatment. This review provides a synthesis of the related resources available in the literature to better understand BP-related CVD risk among young adults and better identify BP patterns and levels during young adulthood that are associated with CVD events later in life, and lastly, to clarify future challenges in BP management for young adults.
Recent Advances in the Potential of Positive Allosteric Modulators of the GABAB Receptor to Treat Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Augier Eric
Published: January 2021

Aims

The effects of alcohol on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission are key for the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Previous research consistently indicates that GABAB receptor agonists such as baclofen can attenuate addiction-related behaviors in preclinical models of AUD. More importantly, baclofen has also shown promise in clinical studies, particularly in severely alcohol-dependent patients. However, despite this promise, other clinical studies have not confirmed its efficacy and chiefly, larger clinical trials have not been conducted. Therefore, with the exception of France, baclofen is not approved for the treatment of AUD in any other country. Furthermore, it is also important to keep in mind that some patients treated with baclofen may experience important side-effects, including sedation, drowsiness and sleepiness.

Methods

This short review will first discuss the history of baclofen for AUD treatment. We will then summarize preclinical behavioral results that have investigated the efficacy of GABAB PAMs for addiction treatment, with a special focus on our recent work that investigated the effects of ADX71441, a novel GABAB PAM, on several alcohol-related behaviors in rats that model important aspects of human AUD. Finally, in light of the recent criticism about the translational value of animal models of addiction, the specific translational potential of our work and of other preclinical studies that have unanimously reported the efficacy of GABAB PAMs to attenuate multiple alcohol-related behaviors will be discussed.

Results

Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the GABAB receptor offer an attractive alternative approach to baclofen and have the potential to achieve mechanistic and therapeutic effects similar to GABAB agonists, while avoiding the tolerance and toxicity issues associated with baclofen. To date, all preclinical behavioral results have invariably shown the efficacy of GABAB PAMs for addiction treatment.

Conclusions

Preclinical studies indicate that GABAB PAMs have a higher therapeutic index than orthosteric agonists, at least in terms of mitigating the sedative effects of GABAB agonism. This predicts that GABAB PAMs have a high translational potential in humans and merit being tested clinically, in particular in patients with severe AUD.
Partial mycoheterotrophy is common among chlorophyllous plants with Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza
Authors: Giesemann Philipp , Rasmussen Hanne N , Gebauer Gerhard
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims

An arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis with plants as carbon providers for fungi. However, achlorophyllous arbuscular mycorrhizal species are known to obtain carbon from fungi, i.e. they are mycoheterotrophic. These species all have the Paris type of arbuscular mycorrhiza. Recently, two chlorophyllous Paris-type species proved to be partially mycoheterotrophic. In this study, we explore the frequency of this condition and its association with Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza.

Methods

We searched for evidence of mycoheterotrophy in all currently published 13C, 2H and 15N stable isotope abundance patterns suited for calculations of enrichment factors, i.e. isotopic differences between neighbouring Paris- and Arum-type species. We found suitable data for 135 plant species classified into the two arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotypes.

Key Results

About half of the chlorophyllous Paris-type species tested were significantly enriched in 13C and often also enriched in 2H and 15N, compared with co-occurring Arum-type species. Based on a two-source linear mixing model, the carbon gain from the fungal source ranged between 7 and 93 % with ferns > horsetails > seed plants. The seed plants represented 13 families, many without a previous record of mycoheterotrophy. The 13C-enriched chlorophyllous Paris-type species were exclusively herbaceous perennials, with a majority of them thriving on shady forest ground.

Conclusions

Significant carbon acquisition from fungi appears quite common and widespread among Paris-type species, this arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotype probably being a pre-condition for developing varying degrees of mycoheterotrophy.
Functional hydraulic sectoring in grapevines as evidenced by sap flow, dye infusion, leaf removal and micro-computed tomography
Authors: McElrone A J , Manuck C M , Brodersen C R , Patakas A , Pearsall K R , Williams L E
Published: January 2021

The supply of water to a plant canopy is dependent on the xylem pathway connecting roots to leaves. In some plants, sectored xylem pathways can restrict resource distribution, resulting in variable quality of organs in the shoots, yet little is known about the effects of sectoring in crop cultivars. In this study, we combined sap flow measurements and infusion of xylem-specific dyes to document functional conductive area and flow pathways from roots to shoots of 20-year-old Thompson Seedless and 8-year-old Chardonnay grapevines. Sap flow measurements and dye infusion demonstrated that water flowed predominantly in discrete xylem (visually identifiable from the trunk surface) sectors along the trunk axis, each supplying limited portions of the canopy. Functional conductive area in the trunk was proportional to that in the shoots even though sector size varied considerably between vines. Leaf area removal experiments further demonstrated sectoring in grapevines; sap flow decreased by >90 % in trunk sectors connected to excised shoots while it remained constant in trunk sectors supplying intact portions of the canopy. Despite the functional sectoring in grapevines, a high degree of interconnectivity of trunk xylem in the tangential direction was confirmed with synchrotron-based micro-computed tomography (microCT) and dye crossover infusion studies. Fruit attached to dyed canes was also similarly sectored; no clusters exhibited dye on non-dyed canes, while 97 % of clusters attached to dyed canes exhibited dye infusion. The dye travelled down the cluster rachis and appeared to accumulate at the pedicel/berry junction, but only on dyed canes. These findings suggest that xylem in grapevine trunks is integrated anatomically, but functions in a sectored manner due to high axial hydraulic conductivity. The functional sectoring of grapevine xylem documented here has important implications for management practices in vineyards and for fruit cluster uniformity within single grapevine.
Three new methods indicate that CO2 concentration affects plant respiration in the range relevant to global change
Authors: Bunce James A
Published: January 2021

Short-term responses of plant dark respiration to carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) in the range anticipated in the atmosphere with global change remain controversial, primarily because it is difficult to convincingly eliminate the many possible sources of experimental error in measurements of carbon dioxide or oxygen exchange rates. Plant dark respiration is a major component of the carbon balance of many ecosystems. In seedlings without senescent tissue, the rate of loss of dry mass during darkness indicates the rate of respiration. This method of measuring respiration was used to test for [CO2] effects on respiration in seedlings of three species with relatively large seeds. The time it took respiration to exhaust substrates and cause seedling death in darkness was used as an indicator of respiration rate in four other species with smaller seeds. The third method was measuring rates of CO2 exchange in excised petioles sealed in a cuvette submerged in water to prevent leaks. Petioles were utilized as the plant tissue type with the most reliable rates of respiration, for excised tissue. The rate of loss of dry mass in the dark decreased with increasing [CO2] in the range of 200–800 μmol mol−1 in all three large-seeded species. The seedling survival time in the dark increased with [CO2] in the same concentration range in all four of the smaller-seeded species. Respiration rates of excised petioles of several species also decreased over this [CO2] range. The data provide new evidence that the rate of dark respiration in plant tissue often decreases with increasing [CO2] in the 200–800 μmol mol−1 range.
Mouse Quantitative Proteomics Knowledgebase: reference protein concentration ranges in 20 mouse tissues using 5000 quantitative proteomics assays
Authors: Mohammed Yassene , Bhowmick Pallab , Michaud Sarah A , Sickmann Albert , Borchers Christoph H
Published: January 2021

MotivationLaboratory mouse is the most used animal model in biological research, largely due to its high conserved synteny with human. Researchers use mice to answer various questions ranging from determining a pathological effect of knocked out/in gene to understanding drug metabolism. Our group developed >5000 quantitative targeted proteomics assays for 20 mouse tissues and determined the concentration ranges of a total of >1600 proteins using heavy labeled internal standards. We describe here MouseQuaPro; a knowledgebase that hosts this collection of carefully curated experimental data.

ResultsThe web-based application includes protein concentrations from >700 mouse tissue samples from three common research strains, corresponding to >200k experimentally determined concentrations. The knowledgebase integrates the assay and protein concentration information with their human orthologs, functional and molecular annotations, biological pathways, related human diseases and known gene expressions. At its core are the protein concentration ranges, which provide insights into (dis)similarities between tissues, strains and sexes. MouseQuaPro implements advanced search as well as filtering functionalities with a simple interface and interactive visualization. This information-rich resource provides an initial map of protein absolute concentration in mouse tissues and allows guided design of proteomics phenotyping experiments. The knowledgebase is available on mousequapro.proteincentre.com.

Availability and implementation

The knowledgebase is available free of charge on http://mousequapro.proteincentre.com.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.