bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed Continuous k Nearest Neighbors Search over Moving Objects on Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Liu Chuan-Ming , Lai Chuan-Chi
Published: December 2013

Continuous k-nearest neighbor (C kNN) search is a variation of kNN search that the system persistently reports k nearest moving objects to a user. For example, system continuously returns 3 nearest moving sensors to the user. Many query processing approaches for C kNN search have been proposed in traditional environments. However, the existing client-server approaches for C kNN search are sensitive to the number of moving objects. When the moving objects quickly move, the processing load on the server will be heavy due to the overwhelming data. In this thesis, we propose a distributed C kNN search algorithm (DC kNN) on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on the Voronoi diagram. There are four features about DC kNN: (1) each moving object constructs a local Voronoi cell and keeps the local information; (2) in order to keep the reliability of system, the query message will be propagated to related objects; (3) using the idea of safe time, the number of updates is reduced; (4) an equation to estimate a more accurate safe time is provided. Last, we present our findings through intensive experiments and the results validate our proposed approach, DC kNN.
Archaeal Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Co- and Terpolyesters from Biodiesel Industry-Derived By-Products
Authors: Hermann-Krauss Carmen , Koller Martin , Muhr Alexander , Fasl Hubert , Stelzer Franz , Braunegg Gerhart
Published: December 2013

The archaeonHaloferax mediterraneiwas selected for production of PHA co- and terpolyesters using inexpensive crude glycerol phase (CGP) from biodiesel production as carbon source. CGP was assessed by comparison with the application of pure glycerol. Applying pure glycerol, a copolyester with a molar fraction of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) of 0.90 mol/mol and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) of 0.10 mol/mol, was produced at a volumetric productivity of 0.12 g/Lh and an intracellular PHA content of 75.4 wt.-% in the sum of biomass protein plus PHA. Application of CGP resulted in the same polyester composition and volumetric productivity, indicating the feasibility of applying CGP as feedstock. Analysis of molar mass distribution revealed a weight average molar massMwof 150 kDa and polydispersityPiof 2.1 for pure glycerol and 253 kDa and 2.7 for CGP, respectively; melting temperatures ranged between 130 and 140°C in both setups. Supplyingγ-butyrolactone as 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) precursor resulted in a poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate] (PHBHV4HB) terpolyester containing 3HV (0.12 mol/mol) and 4HB (0.05 mol/mol) in the poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) matrix; in addition, this process runs without sterilization of the bioreactor. The terpolyester displayed reduced melting (melting endotherms at 122 and 137°C) and glass transition temperature (2.5°C), increased molar mass (391 kDa), and a polydispersity similar to the copolyesters.
The Usefulness of Clinical-Practice-Based Laboratory Data in Facilitating the Diagnosis of Dengue Illness
Authors: Liu Jien-Wei , Lee Ing-Kit , Wang Lin , Chen Rong-Fu , Yang Kuender D.
Published: December 2013

Alertness to dengue and making a timely diagnosis is extremely important in the treatment of dengue and containment of dengue epidemics. We evaluated the complementary role of clinical-practice-based laboratory data in facilitating suspicion/diagnosis of dengue. One hundred overall dengue (57 dengue fever [DF] and 43 dengue hemorrhagic fever [DHF]) cases and another 100 nondengue cases (78 viral infections other than dengue, 6 bacterial sepsis, and 16 miscellaneous diseases) were analyzed. We separately compared individual laboratory variables (platelet count [PC] , prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) and varied combined variables of DF and/or DHF cases with the corresponding ones of nondengue cases. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) in the diagnosis of DF and/or DHF were measured based on these laboratory variables. While trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, and/or suboptimal PPV/NPV was found at measurements using these variables, prolonged APTT + normal PT + PC < 100 × 109cells/L had a favorable sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV in diagnosis of DF and/or DHF. In conclusion, these data suggested that prolonged APTT + normal PT + PC < 100 × 109cells/L is useful in evaluating the likelihood of DF and/or DHF.
The Oscillation on Solutions of Some Classes of Linear Differential Equations with Meromorphic Coefficients of Finite [p, q]‐Order
Authors: Xu Hong-Yan , Tu Jin , Xuan Zu-Xing
Published: December 2013

This paper considers the oscillation on
meromorphic solutions of the second‐order linear differential equations
with the form f′′ + A(z)f = 0, where A(z) is a meromorphic function
with [p, q]‐order. We obtain some theorems which are the improvement
and generalization of the results given by Bank and Laine, Cao and
Li, Kinnunen, and others.
Effects of a Social Robot's Autonomy and Group Orientation on Human Decision-Making
Authors: Rau Pei-Luen Patrick , Li Ye , Liu Jun
Published: December 2013

Social attributes of intelligent robots are important for human-robot systems. This paper investigates influences of robot autonomy (i.e., high versus low) and group orientation (i.e., ingroup versus outgroup) on a human decision-making process. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 48 college students and tested the hypotheses with MANCOVA. We find that a robot with high autonomy has greater influence on human decisions than a robot with low autonomy. No significant effect is found on group orientation or on the interaction between group orientation and autonomy level. The results provide implications for social robot design.
Restless Legs Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Irkec Ceyla , Vurallı Doga , Karacay Ozkalaycı Sebnem
Published: December 2013

The restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common central nervous system disorder. It is characterized by complaints of unpleasant sensation in the legs occurring during periods of leg inactivity which worsen or only occur in the evening or at night and relieved partially or totally by movement. The RLS may be idiopathic or due to secondary causes. It is associated with several pathological or physiological conditions. Iron metabolism and dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system are the most important factors in the pathophysiology. There are several studies suggesting multiple sclerosis as one of the causes of symptomatic RLS. Here, we report a case of RLS as the initial presentation of MS. The sudden onset of RLS symptoms in our patient suggested the possibility of an underlying cause. His diagnostic evaluation excluded other causes of RLS and his clinical course suggested that RLS was due to MS. MS with the spinal cord involvement is mostly associated with RLS, but any lesion in the hypothalamic-spinal connection may cause disinhibition of lower spinal levels, resulting in RLS. RLS as the initial presentation of MS reflects that the pathophysiology of RLS in MS is related to inflammatory demyelination rather than axonal degeneration.
HIV and Menopause: A Systematic Review of the Effects of HIV Infection on Age at Menopause and the Effects of Menopause on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Imai Kentaro , Sutton Madeline Y. , Mdodo Rennatus , del Rio Carlos
Published: December 2013

More than half of persons living with HIV infection in the United States (U.S.) will be ≥50 years of age by 2020, including postmenopausal women. We conducted a systematic literature review about the effects of (1) HIV infection on age at menopause and (2) menopause on antiretroviral therapy (ART) response, in order to inform optimal treatment strategies for menopausal women living with HIV infection. We used the Ovid Medline database from 1980 to 2012. We included studies that focused on HIV-infected persons, included postmenopausal women, and reported outcome data for either age at menopause or response to ART across menopause. We identified six original research articles for age at menopause and five for response to ART across menopause. Our review revealed that current data were conflicting and inconclusive; more rigorous studies are needed. Disentangling the effects of menopause requires well-designed studies with adequate numbers of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women, especially disproportionately affected women of color. Future studies should follow women from premenopause through menopause, use both surveys and laboratory measurements for menopause diagnoses, and control for confounders related to normal aging processes, in order to inform optimal clinical management for menopausal women living with HIV.
Layered Double Hydroxides as Effective Adsorbents for U(VI) and Toxic Heavy Metals Removal from Aqueous Media
Authors: Pshinko G. N.
Published: December 2013

Capacities of different synthesized Zn,Al‐hydrotalcite‐like adsorbents, including the initial carbonate [Zn4Al2(OH)12]·CO3·8H2O and its forms intercalated with chelating agents (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and hexamethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (HMDTA)) and heat‐treated form Zn4Al2O7, to adsorb uranium(VI) and ions of toxic heavy metals have been compared. Metal sorption capacities of hydrotalcite‐like adsorbents have been shown to correlate with the stability of their complexes with the mentioned chelating agents in a solution. The synthesized layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing chelating agents in the interlayer space are rather efficient for sorption purification of aqueous media free from U(VI) irrespective of its forms of natural abundance (including water‐soluble bi‐ and tricarbonate forms) and from heavy metal ions. [Zn4Al2(OH)12]·EDTA·nH2O is recommended for practical application as one of the most efficient and inexpensive synthetic adsorbents designed for recovery of both cationic and particularly important anionic forms of U(VI) and other heavy metals from aqueous media. Carbonate forms of LDHs turned out to be most efficient for recovery of Cu(II) from aqueous media with pH0 ≥ 7 owing to precipitation of Cu(II) basic carbonates and Cu(II) hydroxides. Chromate ions are efficiently adsorbed from water only by calcinated forms of LDHs.
Effect of Anodic Current Density on Characteristics and Low Temperature IR Emissivity of Ceramic Coating on Aluminium 6061 Alloy Prepared by Microarc Oxidation
Authors: Al Bosta Mohannad M. S. , Ma Keng-Jeng , Chien Hsi-Hsin
Published: December 2013

High emitter MAO ceramic coatings were fabricated on the Al 6061 alloy, using different bipolar anodic current densities, in an alkali silicate electrolyte. We found that, as the current density increased from 10.94 A/dm2 to 43.75 A/dm2, the layer thickness was increased from 10.9 μm to 18.5 μm, the surface roughness was increased from 0.79 μm to 1.27 μm, the area ratio of volcano-like microstructure was increased from 55.6% to 59.6%, the volcano-like density was decreased from 2620 mm−2 to 1420 mm−2, and the γ-alumina phase was decreased from 66.6 wt.% to 26.2 wt.%, while the α-alumina phase was increased from 3.9 wt.% to 27.6 wt.%. The sillimanite and cristobalite phases were around 20 wt.% and 9 wt.%, respectively, for 10.94 A/dm2 and approximately constant around 40 wt.% and less than 5 wt.%, respectively, for the anodic current densities 14.58, 21.88, and 43.75 A/dm2. The ceramic surface roughness and thickness slightly enhanced the IR emissivity in the semitransparent region (4.0–7.8 μm), while the existing phases contributed together to raise the emissivity in the opaque region (8.6–16.0 μm) to higher but approximately the same emissivities.
Optimal Sensor Placement for Stay Cable Damage Identification of Cable-Stayed Bridge under Uncertainty
Authors: Hou Li-Qun , Zhao Xue-Feng , Han Rui-Cong
Published: December 2013

Large cable-stayed bridges utilize hundreds of stay cables. Thus, placing a sensor on every stay cable of bridges for stay cable damage identification (SCDI) is costly and, in most cases, not necessary. Optimal sensor placement is a significant and critical issue for SCDI. This paper proposes the criteria for sensor quantity and location optimization for SCDI on the basis of the concept of damage identification reliability index ( DIRI) under uncertainty. Random elimination (RE) algorithm and heuristic random elimination (HRE) algorithm are proposed to solve the sensor quantity optimization calculation problem. Multistage global optimization (MGO) algorithm is also proposed to solve the sensor location optimization calculation problem. A case study is conducted to evaluate and verify the criteria and algorithms. Results indicate that the HRE algorithm can provide better solution with less elapsed time than the RE algorithm can in some cases, and the MGO algorithm can meet the multistage criterion for sensor location optimization and give a satisfying optimized solution. Theoretical analysis and case study results confirm that the criteria are reasonable and suitable for optimal sensor placement for SCDI. The proposed algorithms are effective and efficient for practical optimization calculation.
Spontaneous and Procedural Plaque Embolisation in Native Coronary Arteries: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Prevention
Authors: De Maria Giovanni Luigi , Patel Niket , Kassimis George , Banning Adrian P.
Published: December 2013

The detachment of atherothrombotic material from the atherosclerotic coronary plaque and downstream embolisation is an underrecognized phenomenon and it causes different degrees of impairment of the coronary microcirculation. During treatment of obstructive atherosclerotic plaque by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) distal embolisation (DE) is considered to be inevitable and it is associated with potential clinical and prognostic implications. This review aims to assess the main aspects of both spontaneous and procedural DE, analyze their different pathophysiology, provide specific insights on the main diagnostic tools for their identification, and finally focus on the main strategies for their treatment and prevention.
A Rare Case of Large Skull Base Meningioma Mimicking Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Alzahrani Musaed , Gaboury Louis , Saliba Issam
Published: December 2013

A 48-year-old woman presented with unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus for three years associated with middle ear effusion. Previous treatments, including antibiotics, corticoids, and transtympanic tube, were ineffective. Otomicroscopy showed a greyish retrotympanic mass associated with middle ear effusion. High resolution CT scan of the mastoid was in favor of chronic oto-mastoiditis without any evidence of tegmen dehiscence. Surgical exploration revealed a polypoid greyish mass filling the tympanic cavity. Histological examination postoperatively revealed a meningothelial meningioma. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained and showed a large skull base meningioma, extending from the clivus anteriorly to the porus acusticus posteriorly with middle ear invasion. After discussion with the multidisciplinary tumor board, it was managed by stereotactic radiotherapy due to the high surgical associated neurovascular risks. In conclusion, middle ear meningioma, although still a rare presentation, should be suspected in the presence of atypical chronic OME.
Evaluation of Solar Photosensitised River Water Treatment in the Caribbean
Authors: Tota-Maharaj K. , Meeroff D. E.
Published: December 2013

An economical supply of hygienic potable water is one of the most pressing public health issues facing developing countries in the Caribbean region today. This project investigates the performance of a novel solar photochemical reactor for disinfecting river water. The prototype photochemical reactor was designed, constructed, and tested for the microbiological degradation of faecal coliform present in River Water. The experiments evaluated the efficacy of two photosensitive dyes (malachite green and methylene blue) as agents for detoxification with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 mg/L. The photochemical reactor operated in a single-pass mode and compared the disinfection rates with direct photolysis. The photosensitizers showed a high efficacy rate using natural sunlight with microbial reduction ranging from 97 to 99% for concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/L of dye. The sensitizers were found to be photobleaching and were very effective at lower concentrations (<2.0 mg/L). Direct photolysis inactivation rate constants were 0.034 and 0.046 min−1, whilst degradation rates using methylene blue ranged from 0.057 to 0.088 min−1and for malachite green from 0.057 to 0.086 min−1, respectively. One-way ANOVA was tested between the inflow and outflow pH, as well as the degradation rates constants for both photosensitisers withP>0.01. Post-solar disinfection included the use of a coconut fiber filter which polished the water removing residual dye concentrations and bacterial contaminants.
A Robust Illumination Normalization Method Based on Mean Estimation for Face Recognition
Authors: Luo Yong , Guan Ye-Peng , Zhang Chang-Qi
Published: December 2013

An illumination normalization method for face recognition has been developed since it was difficult to control lighting conditions efficiently in the practical applications. Considering that the irradiation light is of little variation in a certain area, a mean estimation method is used to simulate the illumination component of a face image. Illumination component is removed by subtracting the mean estimation from the original image. In order to highlight face texture features and suppress the impact of adjacent domains, a ratio of the quotient image and its modulus mean value is obtained. The exponent result of the ratio is closely approximate to a relative reflection component. Since the gray value of facial organs is less than that of the facial skin, postprocessing is applied to the images in order to highlight facial texture for face recognition. Experiments show that the performance by using the proposed method is superior to that of state of the arts.
Behavioural Study of Captive Sloth Bears Using Environmental Enrichment Tools
Authors: Veeraselvam M. , Sridhar R. , Jayathangaraj M. G. , Perumal P.
Published: December 2013

Effects of environmental enrichment on behavioural changes were studied in five captive sloth bears kept in confined enclosure at Zoological Park, Chennai, India. Behavioural categories like active, passive, and abnormal behaviours were taken for the study. The activity budget was recorded as a single animal scan. The detailed baseline data of 150 hours, over a period of 30 days, were collected. At baseline, bears exhibited passive and more abnormal behaviours. Similarly, after application of the environmental tools like honey-log, underground food pipes, and wobbling box in the enclosure, the data were collected for 150 hours (30 days). Increased active behaviours and decreased abnormal behaviours were observed and showed highly significant changes in the abnormal behaviour as a whole when compared to the baseline level. During the postenrichment period, the data that were collected for 150 hours (30 days) showed no significant differences statistically between the behavioural categories. But certain level of difference was evident from the percentage of abnormal behaviours exhibited by individual bears. Among the enrichment devices, honey-log was the most preferred enrichment tool as revealed by the percentage of time spent by individual animal. The results show that application of enrichment tool continuously may bring long term effect in stereotypic behaviour.
Laser Therapy and Stroke: Quantification of Methodological Requirements in Consideration of Yellow Laser
Authors: Litscher Daniela , Litscher Gerhard
Published: December 2013

Every year more than 600,000 Europeans suffer a stroke. This burdens the health system and it can be assumed that the incidence of stroke will increase in the coming decades. In addition to conventional methods of drug therapy, stroke is sometimes treated with highly invasive methods. The non-invasive laser procedures on the other hand operate through the bony skull. Large-scale laser studies are being conducted with varying degrees of success around the world, and without the certainty that the corresponding laser beam even penetrates the bone. No one currently knows in detail the laser parameters that have to be chosen on the intact skull; so that the laser light can develop its possible efficacy inside the human skull. The present study demonstrates that the values for the wavelengths 810 nm and 658 nm correlate well with previous experimental findings however the information on the yellow laser was estimated incorrectly by a factor of ten by other authors. Further research on the topic is important so that one can be sure to apply the correct wavelength and parameters. This can open up new dimensions in transcranial laser therapy, not only in stroke patients.
Randomized Clinical Trial: The Clinical Effects of Herb-Partitioned Moxibustion in Patients with Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Ma Yu-xia , Liu Xiao , Liu Cun-zhi , Wang Lin-peng , Guo Gang , Du Dong-qing , Wang Zhi-lei , Ma Hong , Qi Ping , Li Zhao-feng , Guo Yan-ping , Yi Hua-qiang , Gao Shu-zhong
Published: December 2013

Objective. To explore the efficacy of Herb-partitioned moxibustion in treating IBS-D patients.Method. 210 IBS-D patients were randomly assigned on a3:3:2basis to group HM, group FM, or group PB for 4-week treatment. The change of GSRS total score at weeks 4 and 8, the changes of GSRS specific scores, and adverse events were evaluated.Results. Patients in group HM and group FM had lower GSRS total score at week 4 (1.98±0.303,2.93±0.302versus3.73±0.449) and at week 8 (2.75±0.306,3.56±0.329versus4.39±2.48) as compared with patients’ score in group PB. However, there was no significant difference of GSRS total score between group HM and group FM. The effect of HM was significantly greater than that of orally taking PB in ameliorating the symptoms of rugitus (0.38 versus 0.59,P<0.05), abdominal pain (0.28 versus 0.57,P<0.01), abdominal distension (0.4 versus 0.7,P<0.01), and increased passage of stools (0.06 versus 0.25,P<0.01) at the end of treatment period. In the follow-up period, patients’ therapeutic effect in group HM remained greater than that in group FM (in abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and increased passage of stools) and that in group PB (in loose stools).Conclusions. HM appears to be a promising, efficacious, and well-tolerated treatment for patients with IBS-D.
Differences in Salivary Flow Level, Xerostomia, and Flavor Alteration in Mexican HIV Patients Who Did or Did Not Receive Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: López-Verdín Sandra , Andrade-Villanueva Jaime , Zamora-Perez Ana Lourdes , Bologna-Molina Ronell , Cervantes-Cabrera José Justino , Molina-Frechero Nelly
Published: December 2013

Introduction. Objective and subjective alterations related to salivary flow have been reported in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and these alterations are associated with the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. The aim of the current study was to discern whether these alterations are disease induced or secondary to drug therapy.Objective. The objective was to determine the relationships between low salivary flow, xerostomia, and flavor alterations in HIV patients who did or did not receive antiretroviral therapy.Materials and Methods. In this cross-sectional study, HIV patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had received antiretroviral therapy. Those patients with a previous diagnosis of any salivary gland disease were excluded. A survey was used to assess subjective variables, and colorimetry and salivary flow rates were measured using the Schirmer global test.Results. A total of 293 patients were included. The therapy group showed a significantly lower average salivary flow than did the group without therapy, and we observed that the flow rate tended to decrease after one year of therapy. The results were not conclusive, despite significant differences in xerostomia and flavor alteration between the groups.Conclusion. The study results suggest that antiretroviral therapy can cause cumulative damage that affects the amount of salivary flow.
On the Domination Number of Cartesian Product of Two Directed Cycles
Authors: Shao Zehui , Zhu Enqiang , Lang Fangnian
Published: December 2013

Denote byγ(G)the domination number of a digraphGandCm□Cnthe Cartesian product ofCmandCn, the directed cycles of lengthm,n≥2. In 2010, Liu et al. determined the exact values ofγ(Cm□Cn)form=2,3,4,5,6. In 2013, Mollard determined the exact values ofγ(Cm□Cn)form=3k+2. In this paper, we give lower and upper bounds ofγ(Cm□Cn)withm=3k+1for different cases. In particular,⌈2k+1n/2⌉≤γ(C3k+1□Cn)≤⌊2k+1n/2⌋+k. Based on the established result, the exact values ofγ(Cm□Cn)are determined form=7and 10 by the combination of the dynamic algorithm, and an upper bound forγ(C13□Cn)is provided.
An Effective Cache Algorithm for Heterogeneous Storage Systems
Authors: Li Yong , Feng Dan , Shi Zhan
Published: December 2013

Modern storage environment is commonly composed of heterogeneous storage devices. However, traditional cache algorithms exhibit performance degradation in heterogeneous storage systems because they were not designed to work with the diverse performance characteristics. In this paper, we present a new cache algorithm called HCM for heterogeneous storage systems. The HCM algorithm partitions the cache among the disks and adopts an effective scheme to balance the work across the disks. Furthermore, it applies benefit‐cost analysis to choose the best allocation of cache block to improve the performance. Conducting simulations with a variety of traces and a wide range of cache size, our experiments show that HCM significantly outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art storage‐aware cache algorithms.
Effective Assessment of Diabetes Control Using Personal Glucometers (CONTOURLINK, Bayer, Germany; CALLA, Wellion, Austria; LINUS, Agamatrix, USA)
Authors: Chlup R. , Doubravova B. , Bartek J. , Zapletalova J. , Krystynik O. , Prochazka V.
Published: December 2013

Aim of this trial was to assess (1) the accuracy and precision of electrochemistry-based glucometers CONTOURLINK, CALLA, and LINUS and (2) the diabetes control using Ambulatory Glycaemic Profiles (AGP) as markers of therapeutic effectiveness. Glucometers and COBAS INTEGRA 400 Plus analyzer were used by one laboratory professional to estimate P-glucose (PG) in 112 out-patients. There were 112 sets of 12 PG estimations analyzed. In each set, means of 3 capillary PG estimations on 3 respective glucometers and on INTEGRA analyzer were calculated. The statistical program SPSS, v. 15, was applied. The mean INTEGRA PG values ranged from 2.7 to 25.3 mmol/L. There were strong correlations between mean PG on INTEGRA versus CONTOURLINK, versus CALLA, and versus LINUS; PG deviations from INTEGRA were mostly within the range ±15%. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test revealed differences between CONTOURLINK-INTEGRA and LINUS-INTEGRA; CALLA-INTEGRA showed no difference. SD INTEGRA = 0.061 mmol/L, SD CONTOURLINK/SD CALLA/SD LINUS were 0.256/0.290/0.286 mmol/L. All patients were trained to perform defined 10-point PG profiles to adapt food, exercise, and insulin doses. The PG differences between all tested glucometers and reference values were in borderline of ISO 15197 but worthy of consideration. AGP are helpful markers of diabetes control.
The Impact of Rapid Weight Loss on Oxidative Stress Markers and the Expression of the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Individuals
Authors: Tumova Eva , Sun Wensheng , Jones Peter H. , Vrablik Michal , Ballantyne Christie M. , Hoogeveen Ron C.
Published: December 2013

Objective. Obesity is linked with a state of increased oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the etiology of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress markers in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Design and Methods. We measured oxidative stress markers in 40 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS+), 40 obese subjects without metabolic syndrome (MetS−), and 20 lean controls (LC) at baseline and after three months of very low caloric diet.Results. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels decreased by 12% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a reduction in total cholesterol (TC), even after adjustment for age and sex. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) activity decreased by 4.7% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a drop in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TC, and insulin levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a model including ox-LDL, LpPLA2activity, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) improved prediction of MetS status among obese individuals compared to each oxidative stress marker alone.Conclusions. Oxidative stress markers were predictive of MetS in obese subjects, suggesting a higher oxidative stress. Rapid weight loss resulted in a decline in oxidative stress markers, especially in MetS+ patients.
Expression Analysis of SPARC/Osteonectin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: From Saliva to Surgical Specimen
Authors: Aquino Gabriella , Sabatino Rocco , Cantile Monica , Aversa Corrado , Ionna Franco , Botti Gerardo , La Mantia Elvira , Collina Francesca , Malzone Gabriella , Pannone Giuseppe , Losito Nunzia Simona , Franco Renato , Longo Francesco
Published: December 2013

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with approximately 540,000 new cases annually worldwide. The molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of this disease are still poorly understood. The discovery of a molecular marker that allows the early detection of this cancer, which can be easily identified in biological samples, such as saliva, without intervening in advanced stages, is a challenge. Numerous studies have identified a panel of molecular markers differently expressed in OSCC and normal oral mucosa. In particular, it was found an aberrant expression of matricellular glycoprotein SPARC. SPARC is involved in normal tissue remodeling, regulating the deposition of extracellular matrix, but also in neoplastic transformation. In fact, aberrant SPARC expression was detected both in stromal cells associated with cancer and in tumor cells. The aim of our study was the evaluation of SPARC on a retrospective series of 119 OSCC cases and the validation of the obtained data on a prospective series of 27 patients with OSCC, of whom we have previously collected saliva, and smeared material. The obtained results were correlated with each other and with clinical pathological parameters at our disposal. The study demonstrated a prognostic value of SPARC, especially with regard to its expression in the stroma surrounding OSCC (P< 0.05).
Perimenopause Amelioration of a TCM Recipe Composed of Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and Folium Epimedii: AnIn VivoStudy on Natural Aging Rat Model
Authors: Su Ji-Yan , Xie Qing-Feng , Liu Wei-Jin , Lai Ping , Liu Dan-Dan , Tang Li-Hai , Dong Tina T. X. , Su Zi-Ren , Tsim Karl W. K. , Lai Xiao-Ping , Li Kun-Yin
Published: December 2013

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively applied as preferable herbal remedy for menopausal symptoms. In the present work, the potential of a TCM recipe named RRF, composed of Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and Folium Epimedii, was investigated on a natural aging rat model. After administration of RRF (141, 282, and 564 mg/kg/d), the circulated estradiol (E2) level increased accompanied by a reduction of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). But no significant impact on serum lutenizing hormone (LH) level was observed. As a result of the E2-FSH-LH adjustment, the histomorphology degenerations of ovary, uterus, and vagina of the 11.5-month female rats were alleviated. And lumbar vertebrae trabecular microstructure was also restored under RRF exposure by means of increasing the trabecular area and area rate. Moreover, levels of hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) rallied significantly after RRF treatment. Results from our studies suggest that RRF possesses a positive regulation on the estrogen imbalance and neurotransmitter disorder, thereby restoring reproductive organ degeneration and skeleton deterioration. The above-mentioned benefits of RRF on the menopause syndromes recommend RRF as a potential candidate for the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome.
Arctic Ocean Gas Hydrate Stability in a Changing Climate
Authors: Giustiniani Michela , Tinivella Umberta , Jakobsson Martin , Rebesco Michele
Published: December 2013

Recent estimations suggest that vast amounts of methane are locked in the Arctic Ocean bottom sediments in various forms of gas hydrates. A potential feedback from a continued warming of the Arctic region is therefore the release of methane to the atmosphere. This study addresses the relationship between a warming of the Arctic ocean and gas hydrate stability. We apply a theoretical model that estimates the base of the gas hydrate stability zone in the Arctic Ocean considering different bottom water warming and sea level scenarios. We model the present day conditions adopting two different geothermal gradient values: 30 and 40°C/km. For each geothermal gradient value, we simulate a rise and a decrease in seafloor temperature equal to 2°C and in sea level equal to 10 m. The results show that shallow gas hydrates present in water depths less than 500 m would be strongly affected by a future rise in seafloor temperature potentially resulting in large amounts of gas released to the water column due to their dissociation. We estimate that the area, where there could be complete gas hydrate dissociation, is about 4% of the area where there are the conditions for gas hydrates stability.
Some Difference Inequalities for Iterated Sums with Applications
Authors: Wang Wu-Sheng , Wu Shanhe
Published: December 2013

The main objective of this paper is to establish two new nonlinear sum-difference inequalities with multiple iterated sums. Under several practical assumptions, the inequalities are solved through rigorous analysis, and explicit bounds for the unknown functions are given clearly. These new inequalities can be used as handy tools in the study of the estimation of solutions of difference equations.
Quantification of Pregenomic RNA and Covalently Closed Circular DNA in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bai Fugui , Yano Yoshihiko , Fukumoto Takumi , Takebe Atsushi , Tanaka Motofumi , Kuramitsu Kaori , Anggorowati Nungki , Rinonce Hanggoro Tri , Widasari Dewiyani Indah , Saito Masaya , Hirano Hirotaka , Hayakumo Takanobu , Seo Yasushi , Azuma Takeshi , Ku Yonson , Hayashi Yoshitake
Published: December 2013

Pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) is generated from covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and plays important roles in viral genome amplification and replication. Hepatic pgRNA and cccDNA expression levels indicate viral persistence and replication activity. This study was aimed to measure hepatic pgRNA and cccDNA expression levels in various states of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Thirty-eight hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, including 14 positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 24 negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) antibody, were enrolled in this study. In HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive group, HBV-DNA was detected in 20 of 24 (83%) noncancerous liver tissues for at least two genomic regions based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. pgRNA and cccDNA expression levels in occult HBV-infected patients were significantly lower than those in HBsAg-positive patients (P<0.001). pgRNA and cccDNA in cancerous tissues were also detected without significant difference from those in noncancerous tissues. In conclusion, cccDNA and pgRNA are detected and represented HBV replication not only in noncancerous but also in cancerous liver tissues. In addition, the replication is shown in not only patients with HBsAg-positive but also occult HBV-infected patients, suggesting the contribution to HCC development.
The Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Elective Colon Surgery
Authors: Fry Donald E.
Published: December 2013

Infections at the surgical site continue to occur in as many as 20% of elective colon resection cases. Methods to reduce these infections are inconsistently applied. Surgical site infection (SSI) is the result of multiple interactive variables including the inoculum of bacteria that contaminate the site, the virulence of the contaminating microbes, and the local environment at the surgical site. These variables that promote infection are potentially offset by the effectiveness of the host defense. Reduction in the inoculum of bacteria is achieved by appropriate surgical site preparation, systemic preventive antibiotics, and use of mechanical bowel preparation in conjunction with the oral antibiotic bowel preparation. Intraoperative reduction of hematoma, necrotic tissue, foreign bodies, and tissue dead space will reduce infections. Enhancement of the host may be achieved by perioperative supplemental oxygenation, maintenance of normothermia, and glycemic control. These methods require additional research to identify optimum application. Uniform application of currently understood methods and continued research into new methods to reduce microbial contamination and enhancement of host responsiveness can lead to better outcomes.
Serotonin Syndrome after Sertraline Overdose in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Grenha Joana , Garrido Ana , Brito Hernani , Oliveira Maria José , Santos Fátima
Published: December 2013

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening drug effect. It may be misdiagnosed because it has mostly been reported in adults.Case Report. An 8-year-old girl with behavioral problems and medicated with risperidone and sertraline was admitted in the emergency department after she had taken voluntarily 1500 mg of sertraline (50 mg/kg). At admission, she had marked agitation, visual hallucinations, diaphoresis, flushing, and tremor. She had fever and periods of hypertension. She also showed generalized rigidity and involuntary movements. She was treated with fluids and iv diazepam, midazolam, clemastine, and biperiden. As the patient presented a severe insomnia and a progressive rhabdomyolysis, she was transferred to pediatric intensive care unit (ICU), where she was under treatment with cyproheptadine, mechanical ventilation, and muscular paralysis for 11 days. She was discharged from hospital a few days later with no neurological sequelae.Conclusions. Serotonin syndrome is still not well recognized by physicians. In our patient, the diagnosis was made early due to the history of overdose with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the triad of mental, neurological, and autonomic signs. Parents must be educated to prevent children from having free access to drugs, avoiding self-medication or overdose.
Static Output-Feedback Control for Vehicle Suspensions: A Single-Step Linear Matrix Inequality Approach
Authors: Rubió-Massegú Josep , Palacios-Quiñonero Francisco , Rossell Josep M. , Karimi Hamid Reza
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a new strategy to design static output-feedback controllers for a class of vehicle suspension systems is presented. A theoretical background on recent advances in output-feedback control is first provided, which makes possible an effective synthesis of static output-feedback controllers by solving a single linear matrix inequality optimization problem. Next, a simplified model of a quarter-car suspension system is proposed, taking the ride comfort, suspension stroke, road holding ability, and control effort as the main performance criteria in the vehicle suspension design. The new approach is then used to design a static output-feedbackH∞controller that only uses the suspension deflection and the sprung mass velocity as feedback information. Numerical simulations indicate that, despite the restricted feedback information, this static output-feedbackH∞controller exhibits an excellent behavior in terms of both frequency and time responses, when compared with the corresponding state-feedbackH∞controller.
Data Fusion Algorithm of Privacy Protection Based on Qos and Multilayers Hierarchically
Authors: Li Li , Qin Qin , Hua Li , Jian Li
Published: December 2013

Because of the special nature of wireless sensor networks, data fusion process is vulnerable to attacks by the destroyer, which is useful for reducing the network communication overhead and improving the data transmission efficiency. Therefore, it is very essential to provide transmission with high security and low energy consumption for sensitive data fusion in wireless sensor network. In this paper, a data fusion algorithm of privacy protection based on Query of Server (Qos) and hierarchical multilayers was put forward, which divided the required privacy protection levels according to different safety requirements, and set up hierarchical network models. In data fusion process, delay constraint was added to guarantee service quality of Qos, and this would reduce energy consumption overhead. Meanwhile, it would guarantee the accuracy of the data and reduce the probability of the whole network information exposed.
Accuracy of Individual Descriptors and Grading of Nodal Involvement by Axillary Ultrasound in Patients of Breast Cancer
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Sharma Pradeep , Garg Akhil , Tandon Anupama
Published: December 2013

Background. Four-node sampling is a useful substitute for sentinel node biopsy in low resource settings. USG is being increasingly used as a preoperative tool to evaluate axilla. We conducted this study to assess the accuracy of different descriptors of axillary ultrasound and to formulate a model on grading of axillary involvement.Material and Methods. Thirty-four patients with clinically negative axilla underwent preoperative axillary ultrasound. The suspicious nodes were marked and details of various descriptors were noted. These nodes were sampled during axillary dissection and correlation of ultrasonographic findings with histopathological report was done to calculate accuracy of different descriptors. Based on this, a grading system of axillary lymph nodes involvement was formulated.Results. Based on the presence of various descriptors, five grades of nodal involvement could be defined. The most accurate descriptors to indicate nodal involvement were loss of hilar fat and hypoechoic internal echoes with specificity of 83% and positive predictive value of 92% each. The combination of descriptors of round shape with loss of hilar fat and hypoechoic internal echos had 100% specificity and positive predictive value.Conclusions. Grading of nodal involvement on axillary USG can be useful for selecting the most suspicious nodes for sampling during axillary dissection.
Evaluating the Applicability of Fracture Criteria to Predict the Crack Evolution Path of Dolomite Based on SCB Experiments and FEM
Authors: Li Cunbao , Xie Lingzhi , Ren Li , Xie Heping , Wang Jun
Published: December 2013

Mixed mode fracture tests are conducted under various initial loading combinations of mode I and mode II (from pure mode I to pure mode II) on semicircular bend (SCB) specimens of dolomite rock. Damage zones are observed behind the fracture surfaces of the broken samples. Scanning electron microscope images of the fracture surfaces are used to study the failure manner. Using the conventional remesh method based on the finite element method (FEM), several widely accepted fracture criteria are employed to theoretically predict the fracture paths. These criteria include the maximum tangential stress criterion, minimum strain energy density criterion, maximum energy release rate criterion, maximum dilatational strain energy density criterion, and the distortional strain energy density criterion. The applicability of the five fracture criteria is examined. The results show that none of the criteria are successful in predicting the crack trajectories of the predominately mode II cracks; the differences among the predicted results of the crack growth paths are negligible for each crack inclined angle. The effect of Poisson’s ratio on the fracture criteria is also investigated and the results show that the predicted crack trajectories are not sensitive to Poisson’s ratio.
Association of Marijuana Smoking with Oropharyngeal and Oral Tongue Cancers: Pooled Analysis from the INHANCE Consortium
Authors: Marks Morgan A. , Chaturvedi Anil K. , Kelsey Karl , Straif Kurt , Berthiller Julien , Schwartz Stephen M. , Smith Elaine , Wyss Annah , Brennan Paul , Olshan Andrew F. , Wei Qingyi , Sturgis Erich M. , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Morgenstern Hal , Muscat Joshua , Lazarus Philip , McClean Michael , Chen Chu , Vaughan Thomas L. , Wunsch-Filho Victor , Curado Maria Paula , Koifman Sergio , Matos Elena , Menezes Ana , Daudt Alexander W. , Fernandez Leticia , Posner Marshall , Boffetta Paolo , Lee Yuan-Chin Amy , Hashibe Mia , D'Souza Gypsyamber
Published: December 2013

Background: The incidence of oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancers has increased over the last 20 years which parallels increased use of marijuana among individuals born after 1950.

Methods: A pooled analysis was conducted comprising individual-level data from nine case–control studies from the United States and Latin America in the INHANCE consortium. Self-reported information on marijuana smoking, demographic, and behavioral factors was obtained from 1,921 oropharyngeal cases, 356 oral tongue cases, and 7,639 controls.

Results: Compared with never marijuana smokers, ever marijuana smokers had an elevated risk of oropharyngeal [adjusted OR (aOR), 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.47] and a reduced risk of oral tongue cancer (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29, 0.75). The risk of oropharyngeal cancer remained elevated among never tobacco and alcohol users. The risk of oral tongue cancer was reduced among never users of tobacco and alcohol. Sensitivity analysis adjusting for potential confounding by HPV exposure attenuated the association of marijuana use with oropharyngeal cancer (aOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.71–1.25), but had no effect on the oral tongue cancer association.

Conclusions: These results suggest that the association of marijuana use with head and neck carcinoma may differ by tumor site.

Impact: The associations of marijuana use with oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancer are consistent with both possible pro- and anticarcinogenic effects of cannabinoids. Additional work is needed to rule out various sources of bias, including residual confounding by HPV infection and misclassification of marijuana exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(1); 160–71. ©2013 AACR.