bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of urbanization on air quality and the related health risks in a city with complex terrain
Authors: Zhan Chenchao , Xie Min , Lu Hua , Liu Bojun , Wu Zheng , Wang Tijian , Zhuang Bingliang , Li Mengmeng , Li Shu
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Urbanization affects air pollutants via urban expansion and
emission growth, thereby inevitably changing the health risks involved with air
pollutants. However, the health risks related to urbanization are rarely
estimated, especially for cities with complex terrain. In this study, a
highly urbanized city with severe air pollution and complex terrain
(Chengdu) is selected to explore this issue. The effects of urban expansion
are further compared with emission growth because air quality management is
usually achieved by regulating anthropogenic emissions. Air pollution in
Chengdu was mainly caused by PM2.5 and O3 from 2015 to 2021.
PM2.5 pollution tended to appear in cold months (November to February)
owing to the blocking of air and the stable atmospheric layer, whereas O3
pollution was likely to occur in warm months (April to August) that experience high-temperature and strong-sunlight conditions and are dominated by high-pressure systems.
From 2015 to 2021, the 7-year annual average of premature mortality from
all non-accidental causes (ANACs) due to PM2.5 and O3 was 9386
(95 % confidence interval (CI) of 6542–11 726) and 8506 (95 % CI of
4817–11 882), respectively. Based on the characteristics of PM2.5 and
O3, six numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts
of urban expansion and emission growth on the health risks related to air pollutants.
The results show that urban land use led to an increase in the air temperature
and boundary layer height compared with cropland, which was conducive to
the diffusion of PM2.5. Thus, the monthly average surface PM2.5
concentrations decreased by 10.8 µg m−3 (7.6 %) in January.
However, the monthly average daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) O3
concentrations increased by 10.6 µg m−3 (6.0 %) in July owing
to the stronger photochemical production and better vertical mixing during
daytime. In this case, premature mortality from ANACs due to PM2.5
decreased by 171 (95 % CI of 129–200, or about 6.9 %) in January, and
that due to O3 increased by 203 (95 % CI of 122–268, or about 9.5 %)
in July. As for the effects of emission growth, the monthly average
PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 concentrations increased by 23.9 (16.8 %) and 4.8 µg m−3 (2.7 %), respectively, when anthropogenic
emissions were taken into account. Premature mortality from ANACs due to
PM2.5 and O3 then increased by 388 (95 % CI of 291–456, or about
15.7 %) and 87 (95 % CI of 54–112, or about 4.1 %), respectively. From a
health risk perspective, the effects of urban land use on the health risks related to
PM2.5 are about half that of anthropogenic emissions, whereas the
effects of urban land use on the health risks related to O3 can be 2 times that of
anthropogenic emissions. This emphasizes that, in addition to regulating
anthropogenic emissions, urban planning is also important for urban air
quality, especially for secondary pollutants like O3.
Reconciling the bottom-up and top-down estimates of the methane chemical sink using multiple observations
Authors: Zhao Yuanhong , Saunois Marielle , Bousquet Philippe , Lin Xin , Hegglin Michaela I. , Canadell Josep G. , Jackson Robert B. , Zheng Bo
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The methane chemical sink estimated by atmospheric chemistry models (bottom-up method) is significantly larger than estimates based on
methyl chloroform (MCF) inversions (top-down method). The difference is
partly attributable to large uncertainties in hydroxyl radical (OH)
concentrations simulated by the atmospheric chemistry models used to derive
the bottom-up estimates. In this study, we propose a new approach based on
OH precursor observations and a chemical box model. This approach
contributes to improving the 3D distributions of tropospheric OH radicals obtained from atmospheric chemistry models and reconciling
bottom-up and top-down estimates of the chemical loss of atmospheric
methane. By constraining simulated OH precursors with observations, the
global mean tropospheric column-averaged air-mass-weighted OH concentration
([OH]trop-M) is ∼10×105 molec. cm−3 (which is 2×105 molec. cm−3 lower than the original model-simulated global [OH]trop-M) and agrees with that
obtained by the top-down method based on MCF inversions. With OH constrained by precursor observations, the methane chemical loss is 471–508 Tg yr−1, averaged from 2000 to 2009. The new adjusted estimate is in the range of the latest top-down estimate of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) (459–516 Tg yr−1), contrary to the bottom-up estimates that use the original model-simulated OH fields (577–612 Tg yr−1). The overestimation of global [OH]trop-M and methane chemical loss simulated by the atmospheric chemistry models is caused primarily by the models' underestimation of carbon monoxide and total ozone column, and
overestimation of nitrogen dioxide. Our results highlight that constraining
the model-simulated OH fields with available OH precursor observations can
help improve bottom-up estimates of the global methane sink.
Cloud and Precipitation Microphysical Retrievals from the EarthCARE Cloud Profiling Radar: the C-CLD product
Authors: Mroz Kamil , Treserras Bernat Puidgomenech , Battaglia Alessandro , Kollias Pavlos , Tatarevic Aleksandra , Tridon Frederic
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite mission developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) in cooperation with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) features a 94-GHz Doppler Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR). Here, the theoretical basis of the Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics (C-CLD) L2 algorithm is presented. The C-CLD provides best estimates of the vertical profiles of water mass content and hydrometeor characteristic size from CPR reflectivity and hydrometeor sedimentation Doppler velocity estimates using optimal estimation (OE) theory. An ensemble-based method is used to obtain the forward model relations and the associated uncertainty. The ensemble consists of a collection of in-situ measured drop size distributions that span natural microphysical variability. The ensemble mean and standard deviation represent the forward model relations and their microphysics-based uncertainty. The output variables are provided on the Joint-Standard-Grid (JSG) horizontal and L1b vertical grid (1 km along track and 100 m vertically). The OE framework is not applied to liquid-only clouds in drizzle-free and lightly drizzling conditions, where a more statistical approach is preferred.
Improved global sea surface height and current maps from remote sensing and in situ observations
Authors: Ballarotta Maxime , Ubelmann Clément , Veillard Pierre , Prandi Pierre , Etienne Hélène , Mulet Sandrine , Faugère Yannice , Dibarboure Gérald , Morrow Rosemary , Picot Nicolas
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We present a new gridded sea surface height and current dataset
produced by combining observations from nadir altimeters and drifting buoys.
This product is based on a multiscale and multivariate mapping approach
that offers the possibility to improve the physical content of gridded
products by combining the data from various platforms and resolving a
broader spectrum of ocean surface dynamic than in the current operational
mapping system. The dataset covers the entire global ocean and spans from
1 July 2016 to 30 June 2020. The multiscale approach
decomposes the observed signal into different physical contributions. In the
present study, we simultaneously estimate the mesoscale ocean circulations
as well as part of the equatorial wave dynamics (e.g. tropical instability
and Poincaré waves). The multivariate approach is able to exploit the
geostrophic signature resulting from the synergy of altimetry and drifter
observations. Sea-level observations in Arctic leads are also used in the
merging to improve the surface circulation in this poorly mapped region. A
quality assessment of this new product is proposed with regard to an
operational product distributed in the Copernicus Marine Service. We show
that the multiscale and multivariate mapping approach offers promising
perspectives for reconstructing the ocean surface circulation:
observations of leads contribute to improvement of the coverage in delivering gap-free maps
in the Arctic and observations of drifters help to refine the mapping in regions
of intense dynamics where the temporal sampling must be accurate enough to
properly map the rapid mesoscale dynamics. Overall, the geostrophic
circulation is better mapped in the new product, with mapping errors
significantly reduced in regions of high variability and in the equatorial
band. The resolved scales of this new product are therefore between 5 %
and 10 % finer than the Copernicus product (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00148, Pujol et al., 2022b).
Classifying marine faults for hazard assessment offshore Israel: a new approach based on fault size and vertical displacement
Authors: Laor May , Gvirtzman Zohar
Published: January 2023

Abstract. For many countries, the methodology for offshore geohazard mitigation lags far behind the well-established onshore methodology. Particularly
complicated is the assessment of fault hazard in the marine environment. The determination of whether a fault is active or not requires
ultra-high-resolution seismic surveys and multiple coring and, unfortunately, frequently ends with uncertain results. Moreover, if a pipeline must
cross a fault, it is not enough to determine whether the fault is active; slip rates are needed for resistant planning. Here we suggest a new approach for fault hazard assessment for the master planning of infrastructure. We provide planners a way to choose a route
that will cross the least hazardous faults; these faults will then be investigated in site-specific surveys for slip rates that will allow seismic
design. Instead of following the onshore practice that is hard to implement in the marine environment, we suggest taking advantage of the marine
environment where seismic data are commonly better in quantity and quality. Based on existing industrial 3D seismic surveys, we measure for each
fault in the study area the amount of its recent (in our specific case, 350 ka) vertical displacement and the size of its plane. According
to these two independently measured quantities, we classify the faults into three hazard levels. This allows planners to choose infrastructure
routes that cross the least hazardous faults at an early stage of planning and direct them to sites that need further investigation. Our case study is the Israeli continental slope, where numerous salt-related, thin-skinned, normal faults dissect the seabed, forming tens of meters
high scarps. A particular hazardous zone is the upper slope south of the Dor disturbance, where a series of big listric faults rupture the seabed in
an area where the sedimentation rate is 4 times faster than the vertical displacement rate. We suggest that this indicates exceptionally fast
creep, seismic rupture, or rapid tremor and slip episodes.
Chemical and visual characterisation of EGRIP glacial ice and cloudy bands within
Authors: Stoll Nicolas , Westhoff Julien , Bohleber Pascal , Svensson Anders , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Barbante Carlo , Weikusat Ilka
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Impurities in polar ice play a critical role in ice flow, deformation, and the integrity of the ice core record. Especially cloudy bands, visible layers with high impurity concentrations are prominent features in ice from the last glacial. Their physical and chemical properties are poorly understood, highlighting the need to analyse them in more detail. We bridge the gap between decimetre and micrometre scales by combining the visual stratigraphy line scanner, fabric analyser, microstructure mapping, Raman spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 2D impurity imaging. We classified almost 1300 cloudy bands from glacial ice from the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) ice core into seven different types. We determine the localisation and mineralogy of more than 1000 micro-inclusions at 13 depths. The majority of the found minerals are related to terrestrial dust, such as quartz, feldspar, mica, and hematite. We further found carbonaceous particles, dolomite, and gypsum in high abundance. Rare minerals are e.g., rutile, anatase, epidote, titanite, and grossular. 2D impurity imaging with 20 μm resolution revealed that Na, Mg and Sr are mainly at grain boundaries. Dust-related analytes, such as Al, Fe, and Ti, are also located in the grain interior forming clusters of insoluble impurities. Cloudy bands are thus clearly distinguishable in the chemical data. We present novel vast micron-resolution insights into cloudy bands and describe the differences within and outside these bands. Combining the visual and chemical data results in new insights into the formation of different cloudy band types and could be the starting point for future in-depth studies on impurity signal integrity and internal deformation.
Cause-Specific Infant Mortality in Copenhagen 1861–1911 Explored Using Individual-Level Data
Authors: Ludvigsen Louise , Revuelta-Eugercios Barbara , Løkke Anne
Published: January 2023

This study explores cause-specific infant mortality in Copenhagen between 1861 and 1911, using newly available individual-level data from The Copenhagen Burial Register, as part of a larger comparative project within the SHiP network (Studying the history of Health in Port Cities). The aim is to determine the dominant cause of death patterns for infants and to explore how the ICD10h coding system performs with the Danish individual level-historical causes of death. The results show that in Copenhagen, infant mortality began a distinct decline during the period of study (1861–1911), but the city experienced only very few changes in the cause of death pattern. While a transition from symptomatic to more specific causes of death took place over time, the largest killers overall were the water-food borne and airborne diseases, with a respectively summer and winter peak. The airborne and water-food borne diseases were mainly dominant amongst the post-neonates, whose mortality made up an increasingly larger share of infant deaths. Finally, the results show that although coding the Danish causes of death to the ICD10h has proven successful, more attention needs to be paid to different uses of the same cause of death by different nations, such as the case of atrophy.
Об одном эллиптическом функционально-дифференциальном уравнении со сжатием
Authors: Тасевич Алла Львовна
Published: January 2023

Статья посвящена исследованию функционально-дифференциального уравнения эллиптического типа, содержащего в старшей части преобразование сжатия аргументов искомой функции, причем по разным переменным сжатие различается. Представлен ряд необходимых и достаточных условий выполнения неравенства типа Гординга, аналога условия сильной эллиптичности, в явном виде. Исследована фредгольмова разрешимость и структура спектра первой краевой задачи в пространствах Соболева. Даны достаточные условия разрешимости уравнения в весовых пространствах Кондратьева на плоскости. В ходе доказательства получены достаточные условия обратимости конечно-разностного оператора с переменными коэффициентами на прямой. Приведены примеры, иллюстрирующие полученные результаты.

 

БлагодарностиРабота выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, проект № 20-01-00288.
Комплексное палеоантропологическое исследование останков эпохи поздней бронзы и раннего железного века из провинций Ширак и Гехаркуник (Армения)
Authors: Худавердян Анаит Юрьевна
Published: January 2023

Статья посвящена изучению скелетных останков 67 индивидов (28 мужчин, 26 женщин, 9 детей и у четырех без определения пола). В составе исследованных групп можно условно выделить два краниологических комплекса. Первый из них представлен низкоголовым долихокранным типом с широким лбом, второй – долихокранным среднешироким лобным диаметром. Одонтологический комплекс относится к южному грацильному типу с высоким уровнем редукции гипоконуса вторых верхних моляров, средними размерами зубов. Проанализированы тотальные размеры и формы тела взрослого населения. В статье представлены новые сведения по антропологии населения могильников Норатус (Гехаркуникская провинция), Лернакерт, Маисян и Кети (провинция Ширак).
Некоторые аспекты «enkyklios paideia» в корреспонденции Сидония (Ep. IV. 3 и IX. 9)
Authors: Литовченко Елена Викторовна
Published: January 2023

Настоящее исследование посвящено выявлению отдельных аспектов энциклопедических знаний («enkyklios paideia»), встречающихся в текстах писем галло-римского аристократа и епископа V в. Сидония Аполлинария. Традиция энциклопедизма, под которой понимается не просто совокупность знаний из разнообразных наук, но стремление к их демонстрации в одном сочинении с целью просвещения читательской аудитории, зародилась еще в Древней Греции. В Древнем Риме она была подхвачена и развита Варроном, Плинием Старшим и Цельсом. Интеллектуалы поздней античности, тяготевшие к классической культуре, также обнаруживают тенденцию к трансляции своей всесторонней образованности (Марциан Капелла, Боэций, Кассиодор, Исидор Севильский), подражая, прежде всего, Плинию Старшему. Не избежал этой «моды» и Сидоний Аполлинарий, автор коллекции из 147 посланий. Для анализа были выбраны два его послания (Ep. IV. 3 и IX. 9), адресованные друзьям и коллегам по церковной службе, Клавдиану Мамерту и Фавсту Регийскому. Сидоний хвалит своих знакомых за их обширные знания, сравнивает их с известнейшими философами и ораторами античной эпохи, надеясь при этом на равноценный ответ. Автор статьи приходит к выводу, что энциклопедические знания Сидония носили поверхностный характер, демонстрировались им исключительно с целью самопрезентации – представления себя как образованного человека, интеллектуала. «Школярский энциклопедизм» Сидония использовался не для просвещения, а для поддержания эпистолярных связей, поскольку проявлялся в рамках лаудативного (хвалебного) дискурса, предполагавшего аналогичный и скорый ответ адресата.
 
БлагодарностиИсследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-28-00284 «Социальные сети как механизм влияния в общественно-политической и духовной жизни латинского Запада в IV–VI вв.».
Материалы к ведению Красной книги Ярославской области по результатам исследований сосудистых растений 2013–2014 гг.
Authors: Гарин Эдуард Витальевич , Филиппов Дмитрий Андреевич
Published: January 2023

Обобщены оригинальные материалы о редких и охраняемых видах сосудистых растений Ярославской области, собранных в 2013 и 2014 гг. в Брейтовском, Мышкинском, Некоузском, Переславском, Ростовском и Рыбинском районах. Приведены новые сведения о распространении на территории области 47 видов, в том числе 29 – охраняемых, 16 – нуждающихся в постоянном наблюдении и 2 редких вида, не имеющих природоохранного статуса. Среди охраняемых растений из категории 0 (вероятно исчезнувшие) зафиксирован 1 вид; категории 1 (находящиеся под угрозой исчезновения) – 2; категории 2 (сокращающиеся в численности или уязвимые) – 3; категории 3 (редкие) – 20; категории 4 (малоизученные или не определенные по статусу) – 3. К наиболее важным следует отнести находки двух видов, включённых в Красную книгу Российской Федерации (Isoetes echinospora и Dactylorhiza baltica), среди заслуживающих внимания – находки Potamogeton acutifolius и Sparganium gramineum, а также обнаружение Utricularia × neglecta в трансформированных водоёмах, где вид имеет широкое распространение. Подтвердить современное произрастание, по-видимому, исчезнувшего вида Subularia aquatica на территории области не удалось.
 
БлагодарностиРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ № 121051100099-5.
Новые находки Melandrya barbata (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Melandryidae) на территории Европейской России
Authors: Володченко Алексей Николаевич , Сажнев Алексей Сергеевич
Published: January 2023

Редкий вид, занесенный в Красную книгу России, Melandrya barbata (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Melandryidae) впервые отмечен для территории Воронежской и Саратовской областей, а также Республики Татарстан. Представлена обновленная карта распространения вида на территории европейской части России.
 
БлагодарностиРабота А.С. Сажнева выполнена в рамках финансирования по гранту РНФ № 22-14-00026.
Дополнения к данным об инвазивных видах насекомых Белгородской области
Authors: Годин Александр Егорович , Мирошников Андрей Николаевич , Присный Юрий Александрович
Published: January 2023

Сообщается о первом обнаружении на территории Белгородской области двух новых инвазивных видов – Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 и Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859), а также приводятся новые данные о распространении Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888. В итоге на территории области встречается не менее 24 инвазивных видов насекомых.
Случай обнаружения тугуна Coregonus tugun (Pallas, 1814) в Средней Оби
Authors: Шерышова Алена Валерьевна , Евсеева Анна Александровна
Published: January 2023

Приведены сведения о находке тугуна Coregonus tugun в среднем течении р. Обь – нехарактерном районе обитания данного вида сиговых рыб. Исследованы морфометрические признаки, размерно-возрастной состав, плодовитость и питание отловленных экземпляров рыб.
 
БлагодарностиРабота проведена в рамках выполнения государственного задания ФГБНУ «ВНИРО» № 076-00007-22-00.
Fertilidade e análise de reservas em gemas das videiras ‘Greco di Tufo’, ‘Coda di Volpe’ e ‘Viognier’ cultivadas em São Joaquim – Santa Catarina
Authors: Munhoz Bruno , Welter Juliana Fátima , Pescador Rosete , Brighenti Alberto Fontanella , Silva Aparecido Lima da
Published: January 2023

Resumo: Avaliaram-se fertilidade, teores de carboidratos solúveis totais e amido em gemas dormentes das viníferas ‘Greco di Tufo’, ‘Coda di Volpe’ e ‘Viognier’ em vinhedo localizado no município de São Joaquim, SC, no ano de 2013. A partir de ramos de ano em dormência profunda, as gemas foram observadas em três posições: gemas basais (1a à 3a gema), gemas medianas (4a à 6a gema) e gemas apicais (7a à 10a gema). A presença ou ausência de inflorescência foi avaliada pela brotação das gemas em câmara do tipo BOD. Em campo, as variedades foram avaliadas quanto aos sistemas de poda, em poda curta sob cordão esporonado e poda mista em guyot. As variedades Greco di Tufo e Coda di Volpe exibiram maior número de gemas férteis nos ramos em posições medianas e apicais. Foram observadas em BOD 79,2% e 75,0% de gemas férteis na posição apical dos ramos para as variedades Greco di Tufo e Coda di Volpe respectivamente. Os maiores teores de carboidratos solúveis totais foram encontrados para as três variedades nas gemas basais. Foram observadas variações entre variedades quanto ao teor de amido nas gemas em diferentes posições nos ramos.
Caracterização física e química da banana ‘Nanica’ em função da época de colheita e do diâmetro do fruto em Corupá, SC
Authors: Hattenhauer Suzana Krüger , Carvalho Ruy Inacio Neiva de
Published: January 2023

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar aspectos físicos e químicos da banana ‘Nanica’ colhida com diferentes calibres em duas épocas no município de Corupá, SC. Cinco cachos foram colhidos em quatro bananais e de cada cacho foram retiradas duas pencas e três frutos por penca para avaliação em laboratório. Utilizou-se o elineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em um esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com duas épocas de colheita (novembro e fevereiro), cinco calibres do fruto (30, 32, 34, 36, e 38mm) e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas massa do fruto verde (g), massa do fruto maduro com e sem casca (g), perda de massa na maturação do fruto (%), rendimento da polpa (%), teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), pH, acidez titulável (AT) e a relação SST/AT. Os frutos colhidos em novembro apresentaram características superiores de qualidade para os parâmetros avaliados quando comparados àqueles colhidos em fevereiro em relação à massa do fruto verde e maduro, massa da polpa e SST. Houve a interação entre a época de colheita e o diâmetro do fruto apenas para a AT e relação SST/AT. Os frutos de diâmetro 30 e 36mm colhidos em fevereiro apresentaram melhor qualidade para essas variáveis.
Parâmetros agroclimáticos para o cultivo da oliveira
Authors: Leite Gabriel Berenhauser , Pandolfo Cristina
Published: January 2023

O interesse pela cultura da oliveira, planta originária da bacia do Mediterrâneo, se disseminou por regiõesclimaticamente diferentes do seu local de origem. Para a análise do potencial de cultivo desta espécie em uma nova região, como é o caso de Santa Catarina, o conhecimento dos parâmetros agroclimáticos desta cultura é o primeiro passo para se estudar a real possibilidade de sucesso deste empreendimento. Nesta revisão bibliográfica, buscou-se o conhecimento atual sobre as necessidades básicas da oliveira para se obter um desenvolvimento e produção comercialmente aceitáveis. O requerimento em frio, a temperatura na ﬂoração e a necessidade hídrica foram analisadas e discutidas.
The Result of Acute Maternal Morbidity and Management at A Tertiary Care Hospital's Critical Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Memon Shehreen , Channa Sanam , Hameed Nadia , Bibi Yasmeen , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem
Published: January 2023

Aim: To evaluate the results of the management of severe acute maternal conditions in a public hospital's critical care unit. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: From 19-09-2018 to 18-03-2019, the ICU and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Liaquat University Hospital in Hyderabad Methodology: This study comprised 50 women who needed admission to an ICU and care during pregnancy and/or puerperium for up to 6 weeks. The information was entered into a pre-designed proforma with factors including complete biodata and a detailed history. Clinical findings, overall health, length of hospital stay, treatment results, and problems Results: The women were 29 years old on average in 18 to 45. 63 years. Pre-eclampsia affected 16% of women (n = 8) and eclampsia affected 38% of women (n = 19). Similar obstetric bleeding conditions were seen, including postpartum haemorrhage (24%; n=12), abruptio placenta (2%), placenta previa (8%), ectopic pregnancy (2%), and abortion (2%). Dystocia-related conditions included 4% (n=2) prolonged or obstructed labours, 2% (n=1) uterine ruptures, and 2% (n=1) cases in which an approaching rupture was noted. The findings indicated that women who need to be admitted to be cared for in an ICU throughout pregnancy and puerperium experience multiple complications. The most frequent reasons for admission to the intensive care unit were respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability, and neurologic dysfunctions. The majority of the women who were admitted to the ICU in shock and required emergency care were kept on a ventilator. Five women experienced difficulties during their 9.8+18.8 day average stay in the ICU. Deaths were noted in 54% (n=27) of the cases, with 40% (n=20) receiving discharges and 6% (n=3) being referred to another hospital. Practical Implication: Cases of severe maternal morbidity warrant quality evaluation, much like cases of maternal fatality. Institutions and systems should either use an existing screening criterion or develop their own list of outcomes that warrant evaluation in the absence of agreement on a comprehensive list of disorders that reflect severe maternal morbidity. Conclusion: PPH (Eclampsia and Preeclampsia) and the hypertensive condition of pregnancy were significant contributors to maternal illness in this study. Carefully securing the mother's adaption, particularly in distant places, will lessen the issues that necessitate the transfer to the ICU. Obstetrician intensivists and anesthetists can further reduce maternal morbidity and mortality in these circumstances. The obstetrics department of the high-dependency unit also helps to decrease mortality. Keywords: Women, preeclampsia, post-partum hemorrhage, morbidity, mortality, intensive care unit
Brushing Characteristics and Dietary Patterns of Orthodontic Patients with Fixed Appliances
Authors: Khurshid Shibra , Irfan Muttayaba , Mumtaz Naveed , Salman Parsa , Jawaid Hafiza Asma , Munir Maham
Published: January 2023

Background: Proper brushing practices are required to maintain good oral hygiene. This is of utmost importance in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances as these appliances can facilitate plaque accumulation and make cleaning process difficult. Hence if good oral hygiene is not maintained with these appliances then deterioration of gingival and periodontal health will result. Frequent intake of acidic drinks and sweet food can further harm the teeth. Aim: To determine tooth brushing characteristics of orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Determine dietary patterns of such patients. Determine other oral hygiene measures used by them. Study Design: Cross sectional study Duration of the study: 6 months Methodology: Questionnaires were conveniently distributed among 104 orthodontic patients who met the inclusion criteria and provided consent to provide the information. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS 2020. Results: Most (70%) of the responding patients brush two times daily. Correct brush type (soft) is in use by 77% of the individuals. Approximately 64-66% of individuals combine vertical and horizontal technique of tooth brushing, use interdental toothbrush and report that they hardly intake fizzy drinks. However, only 55% patients have reported brushing for total duration of 2 minutes. Around 30% of the respondents have frequent intake of junk food and sugary food. Practical Implication: According to our knowledge, this study is the first study to date to evaluate the brushing habits and dietary patterns in Pakistani orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Conclusions: The present study shows that majority of the patients show good brushing practices but need to improve their total duration of brushing. Frequent intake of junk food, sweets and fizzy drinks are also avoided by most patients. Use of fluoride mouthwashes and floss was seen in lesser proportion of surveyed patients. Keywords: Brushing characteristics, oral hygiene measures, dietary patterns, orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.
Frequency and its Type of Endometrial Hyperplasia Among Perimenopausal Women Presenting with Polymenorrhagia
Authors: Munir Sara , Iqbal Momna , Batool Amber , Khalid Saba
Published: January 2023

Objective: The goals of this study were (1) to assess the prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia in perimenopausal women presenting with polymenorrhagia, and (2) to identify the prevalence of different types of endometrial hyperplasia in this population. Methodology: In this Cross Sectional survey at the Sheikh Zyed Hospital, Lahore during May 2021 to December 2021, 100 cases with > 45 years of age with symptoms of perimenopause, presenting with polymenorrhagia were included in the study. Clinical evaluation began with comprehensive history taking. Patients were extensively examined after a detailed history was taken. A complete physical, internal, and pelvic examination were performed. All patients were examined by per rectum examination. TVS was performed to check for endometrial thickness and ovarian hypertrophy. Diagnostic curettage preferably in the second half of the cycle was done in patients positive for hyperplasia and histopathology of the specimens done to determine types of hyperplasia. Results: In our study, 61%(n=61) were between 45-50 years and 39%(n=39) were between 51-55 years, mean+sd was calculated as 47.34+6.84 years, frequency of endometrial hyperplasia among perimenopausal women presenting with polymenorrhagia revealed in 21%(n=21) and among them frequency of types of endometrial hyperplasia among perimenopasual women presenting with polymenorrhagia was recorded as 15(71.43%) with Cystic type of hyperplasia, 4(19.05%) had Adonomatous hyperplasia, and 2(9.52%) had atypical hyperplasia. Conclusion: Cystic hyperplasia was the most frequent kind of hyperplasia, and we determined that the prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia among perimenopausal women presenting with polymenorrhagia was not considerably prevalent in our population than in developed countries. Keywords: Perimenopausal women, polymenorrhagia, endometrial hyperplasia, Cystic, Adonomatous, Atypical type of hyperplasia.
Prevalence of Adynamic Bone Disease among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Haq Mazharul , Tahir Taleah , , Khan Aimal
Published: January 2023

Objective: Aim of current study is to determine the association of adynamic bone disease among patients of hemodialysis. Study Design: Cross sectional Place and Duration: Institute of Kidney Diseases Hayatabad Peshawar during the period from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: There were 82 patients of both genders had chronic kidney disease were presented. Patients on maintenance HD had their treatments administered by a Fresenius machine 4008S connected to a polysulfone membrane dialyzer and a dialysate solution comprising 32 mmol/L of bicarbonate and 1.75 mmol/L of calcium. All of the patients in the study had been on dialysis for over a year, and none of them had any signs of acute sickness or active liver disease. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Mean age of the patients was 43.4±8.26 years and had mean BMI 22.4±6.30 kg/m2. There were 48 (58.5%) males and 34 (41.5%) females. Mean duration of hemodialysis was 4.6±5.19 years. Frequency of DM was found in 24 (29.3%) cases. Frequency of vitamin D therapy was found in 55 (67.1%) cases. We found that 29 (35.4%) patients had adynamic bone disease and 21 (25.6%) cases had hyperparathyroidism. Significantly higher number of patients had bone pain among all cases. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the prevalence of adynamic bone disease was 35.4%. Among patients of ABD most were ages between 25-45 years and were males with severe bone pain. Keywords: Hemodialysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Adynamic Bone Disease, Hyperparathyroidism
Efficacy and Safety of Suprachoroidal Administration of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Patients of Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Akhlaq Hafiz Huzaifa , Shah Fatima Akbar , Ahsen Muhammad , Hassan Syed Ahmad , Wattoo Rafih Razzaq , Zahid Khadija
Published: January 2023

Background: To determine the efficacy and safety of suprachoroidal administration of triamcinolone acetonide in patients of refractory diabetic macular edema. Study setting: This study was conducted from September 2020 to April 2021 in the department of Ophthalmology FMU/Allied Hospital Faialabad. Study design was quasi experimental Materials and methods: sample size was 45, through non probability consecutive sampling. All 45 patients with refractory diabetic macular edema were enrolled and following parameters e.g Best corrected visual acuity (less than 20/40 on Snellen Visual acuity Chart),IOP < 21 mm of Hg, Central macular thickness >300 micrometers, were recorded as baseline at the start of study. Suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide injection 0.1 ml given to these 45 patients. Same parameters e.g Best Corrected visual acuity, Intraocular pressure, Central Macular Thickness were measured at each follow-up visit. First follow-up visit was conducted on next day then one week , one month and in third month. Results: In this study, mean of age was 50.71 ± 7.05 years. 23(51.1%) were males and 22(48.9%) were females. Pre-treatment Intra ocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity and macular thickness were 13.4± 1.9 mmHg ,0.72± 0.11 and 638.04 ± 133.9 micrometers respectively. After one-month Intra ocular pressure, Best corrected visual acuity and Central macular thickness were 13.71 ± 2.61 mmHg, 0.48± 0.11 and 314.11 ±53.8 micrometer and after three months 13.24±1.26mmHg, 0.46±0.12 and 306.9±49.52 micrometer respectively. Statistical significant difference was found for pre and post Best corrected visual acuity and Central macular thickness (p-value <0.0001).In two (4.4%) patients, intra ocular pressure was raised. Practical implication: This study was highlighted safety and efficacy of suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in cases of refractory diabetic macular edema Conclusion: Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone acetonide injection is proved to be safe and effective treatment modality for the patients of refractory diabetic macular edema as it decreases central macular thickness and improves best corrected visual acuity. Keywords: Diabetic macular edema, Suprachoroidal, Triamcinolone acetonide, Intra ocular pressure, Optical coherence tomography, visual acuity.
Comparison of Same Day Polyethylene Glycol Regimen Vs Split Dose Polyethylene Glycol Regimen for Colonoscopy
Authors: Amjad M. Awais , Khan Aisha , Qamar Muhammad Adeel , Anis Rahel , Majeed Raja Shumaila
Published: January 2023

Colonoscopy is a procedure which depends upon the quality of bowel preparation. Polyethylene glycol(PEG) is commonly used laxative for bowel preparation .The method of PEG administration affects the quality of bowel preparation. We designed this single-blinded randomized controlled trial to evaluate same day PEG regime vs split dose PEG regime in patients undergoing colonoscopy. METHOD: Total of 156 patients taken for the examination. They were divided randomly in two groups A & B. The patients in the group A (same day group) took 2 L of PEG between 6:00 AM and 8:00 AM on the same day of colonoscopy. The patients in the other group B ( split dose group ) took 1L of PEG between 6:00 PM and 8:00 PM on the preceding day and another liter between 6:00 AM and 8:00 AM on the day of colonoscopy. These patients had to stay in hospital for about 24 hours.The accuracy of preparation was assessed on Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). A sum total of ≤ 5 points shows poor bowel preparation & ≥ 8 shows very good bowel preparation. Side effects were recorded by asking symptoms of nausea ,vomiting ,abdominal pain & bloating. Results: In same day dose group, 62 patients were having BPPS preparation score of >8 . While in second split dose group 64 patients were having BPPS preparation score >8. Chi square test revealed that there was no significant difference in BPPS score between both groups. However there was significant difference in patient satisfaction and willingness to repeat the same procedure between both groups. . Group A same dose regime were more satisfied & willing to repeat the procedure. They reported less interference in their sleep . Conclusion: Same- day morning PEG regime should be used which is more easy & tolerable for our patients population and its efficacy is same as other regimes for adequate bowel preparation.
Clinical Presentation of Myocarditis in Children Visiting Dr Ruth KM PFAU, Civil Hospital, Karachi. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Waheed , Raza Muhammad Saad , Yahya Yousuf , Kumar Suneet , Sangi Rumana , Qadri Kashif Habib , Nazir Musarat
Published: January 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of various clinical presentations of myocarditis in children visiting to Dr Ruth KM PFAU, Civil Hospital Karachi. Study design: Cross-Sectional Study. Place and duration: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Dr Ruth K.M PFAU Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from September, 2020, to March, 2021 Methodology: The study covered all patients who visited Karachi's Civil Hospital and met the inclusion criteria. After describing the study's process, hazards, and benefits, informed consent was obtained. The initial ECG, echocardiography, and cardiac enzyme readings were all documented. Stroke, congenital heart disease, sepsis, asthma, pulmonary embolism, cardiomyopathy, gastroenteritis, diabetes mellitus, and renal failure were among the clinical presentations that were noted. The proforma that is supplied at the end was filled out with all the acquired data and used electronically for research. Results: Age was 6.8± 2.1 years on average. A total of 238 (67.6%) of the 352 patients were male, and 114 (32.4%) were female. In patients with myocarditis who presented clinically, renal disease was found in 46 (13.1%), cardiomyopathy in 30, congenital heart disease in 56 (15.9%), stroke in 41 (11.5%), gastroenteritis in 65 (18.5%), diabetes mellitus in 19 (5.4%), sepsis in 32 (9.2%), and asthma in 48 (13.6%) patients, while pulmonary embolism was found in 15 (4.3%) patients. Practical implication There is growing evidence to support the use of tests such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and serum N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide measurements as supplements to clinical diagnosis. These could eventually lessen the need for invasive procedures like endomyocardial biopsy, which is still the gold standard. Conclusion: The most frequent clinical manifestation of myocarditis was gastroenteritis, which was followed by congenital heart disease and asthma. For the purpose of validating the results so far, additional extensive research is advised. Keywords: Clinical Presentation, Myocarditis, Epidemiology, Asthma, Gastroenteritis
The recovery of international tourism in Spain after the pandemic
Authors: García Esteban Coral , Gómez Loscos Ana , Martín Machuca César
Published: January 2023

Rationale

International tourism indicators in Spain are consolidating their recovery towards pre-pandemic levels, after virtually all restrictions on international travel were lifted. Against this background, the changes observed in tourists’ country of origin and travel behaviour should be analysed.

Takeaways

•Tourist flows are yet to fully recover 2019 levels, essentially due to the continued weakness in long-haul tourism, particularly from Asia.

•However, tourism receipts have already reached pre-crisis levels, driven in part by Spain attractingmore visitors with greater spending power, as borne out by the rising proportion of higher quality hotelaccommodation.

•The expectations for the next three months are somewhat cautious due to the uncertainty promptedby the deteriorating economic outlook and the upsurge in inflation. In the long-term, internationaltourism flows will be shaped by the sector’s capacity to continue improving the quality of its tourismoffering.
Attempting at parametrization of moderate-length poetic texts: Moses, a poem by Ivan Franko
Authors: Buk Solomija , Rovenchak Andrij
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to find parameters that can be used for classification of not very long texts, for example, by author, genre, etc. We go through various known parameters and analyze to what extent they are useful for the intended purposes. We also suggest some improvements that need to be checked further. We calculate the values of parameters at various points of text comprising N tokens (running words) counted from the beginning of text. As parameters with prospects of author and/or language attribution we identify, in particular, the h-point scaling coefficient, Yule’s K, relative repeat rate, and the fraction of dis legomena. These parameters demonstrate quite stable behavior in N. Another set includes scaling exponents of parameters with respect to N. Certain modifications are suggested for Lambda and entropy introducing logarithmic corrections being powers of ln N. The results are applicable for texts of thousands to tens of thousand words.
TRAINING NEED ANALYSIS (TNA) PETUGAS LAPANGAN KELUARGA BERENCANA (PLKB) PADA BADAN KEPENDUDUKAN KELUARGA BERENCANA NASIONAL PROVINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Febriani Febriani , Yusuarsono Yusuarsono
Published: January 2023

Training need analysis is a series of activities undertaken to identify problems that arise in the workplace. Training needs analysis is a process of collecting and analyzing data to identify factors that need to be improved through training. The family planning field officer (PLKB) is the spearhead of the existing program implementation in BKKBN. There are several problems PLKB in providing services to the community that is 1. The ability of PLKB in planning, analyzing and evaluating the implementation of the development of prosperous families in the area of work is still not running maximally, 2. Skills to conduct cooperative relationships with all parties terkai less running because there are still many people who do not care about the existing programs in BKKBN, 3. still very weak ability in solving problems encountered in the implementation of its duties. From the problems contained above the importance of training provided by the BKKBN Bengkulu Province to the existing PLKB in various districts in order to have good competence not only hard skills but Soft Skill. The purpose of this research is to describe Traning Need field officer analysis (PLKB) run by BKKBN Bengkulu Province To improve the Competence (Hard Skill & Soft Skill) The PLKB. The method used is descriptive qualitative with technique of selecting informant using Purposive Sampling to determine key informant, technique to collect data that is through observation, interview and documentation, to analyze data obtained in this research using 2 type of encoding that is Open Coding is a section of analysis that specifically explains the relationship between naming and phenomenon categorization through careful examination of data. The coding of terporos (Axial Coding) is a set of data retrieval procedures by creating linkages between categories.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM BALI BEACH CLEAN UP SEBAGAI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) OLEH PERUSAHAAN COCA-COLA AMATIL INDONESIA DI PANTAI KUTA BALI
Authors: Lasaliesanti Prita
Published: January 2023

Waste has been the biggest problem in the world, especially in Indonesia. It’s been written on Indonesian law number 18 year 2008 about waste has become a national problem, so the management must be done comprehensively from upstream to the downstream in order to provide the economic, health, and environment advantage, and also could change people’s habits. Waste problem was spreaded into all over Indonesia, Including Bali Province, Bali is number one famous island in Indoneisa and the biggest tourism activity in Indonesia. It needs a hardwork from community, government, corporate and institution to solve the waste problem in Bali. Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia as the biggest food and beverage manufacturer in Indonesia aware about this problem and they build Bali Beach Clean Up as the Corporate Social Responsibility program. Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia has the initiative to clean up five biggest beach in Bali such as Kuta, Kedonganan, Seminyak, Legian and Jimbaran. This research will see the implementation of the program and see what’s the problems inside the program.
THE CORRELATION OF STUDENTS’ INTRINSIC MOTIVATION TOWARD READING COMPREHENSION OF THE SEVENTH GRADE SMP AL-MAARIF PANGGUNG
Authors: Fitriyah Nikmatul
Published: January 2023

The research are formuated to find out there is any correlation between students’ intrinsic motivation and reading comprehension in seventh grade smp al-maarif panggung. This analysis used two variable. Students’ intrinsic motivation as independent variable and reading comprehension as dependent variable.The method used in this research was a correlation method. The population of this research is seventh grade smp al-maarif panggung by systematic sampling techniques, the research takes consist of 23 students. The instrument collecting data are questionnaire and test. The questionnaire was used to get the data of students’ intrinsic motivation and test for reading comprehension. To validity test of instruments this research used content validity and to the reliability test of instrument used two method. Alpha cronbach to test the reliability of questionnaire and guttman split-half to test reliabilty of test. In the analyzing the data, the researcher used Pearson Product Moment by SPSS v.26 program. The result of this research showed that there is correlation between students’ intrinsic motivation and reading comprehension with the r value is (0,787) > rt (0.413) it means that the students’ intrinsic motivation and reading comprehension coefficient correlation and the category is strong correlation.