bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ontology for maintenance procedure documentation
Authors: Woods Caitlin , French Tim , Hodkiewicz Melinda , Bikaun Tyler
Published: May 2023

In mining, manufacturing and industrial process industries, maintenance procedures are used as an aid to guide technicians through complex manual tasks. These procedures are not machine-readable, and cannot support reasoning in digitally integrated manufacturing systems. Procedure documents contain unstructured text and are stored in a variety of formats. The aim of this work is to query information held in real industrial maintenance procedures. To achieve this, we develop an ontology for maintenance procedures using the OWL 2 description language. We leverage classes and object properties from the ISO 15926 Part 14 Upper Ontology and create a domain ontology. The key contribution of this paper is a demonstration of trade-offs required when modelling an existing engineering artifact, where an abstraction of its contents is given a-priori. We provide an ontologically rigorous abstraction of notions captured in procedure documentation to a set of classes, relations and axioms that allow reasoning over the contents. Validation of the ontology is performed via a series of competency questions based on queries relevant to technicians, engineers and schedulers in industry. The ontology is applied to real world maintenance procedures from two industrial organisations.
What is a Bladder Cancer Molecular Subtype?
Authors: Höglund Mattias
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Several molecular classification systems for bladder cancer have been proposed, but due to differences on how to define molecular subtypes, controversies and misunderstandings have arisen.

OBJECTIVE:

To discuss different aspects of the molecular classification of bladder cancer and to point to the consequences of using different conceptual approaches. To question some underlying assumptions when defining molecular subtypes.

METHODS:

To critically reflect on some of the principles and methods used when defining molecular subtypes.

RESULTS:

Depending on underlying assumptions and aims for the definitions of subtypes, different types of molecular subtypes will be arrived at.

CONCLUSION:

The underlying assumptions and their consequences must be better clarified when defining molecular subtypes.
Symptomatic intracranial hypertension in an adult patient with spinal muscular atrophy and arachnoid cysts receiving nusinersen
Authors: Machetanz Gerrit , Grziwotz Marc , Semmler Luisa , Maier Mathias , Maegerlein Christian , Deschauer Marcus
Published: May 2023

In patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) headache after intrathecal administration of nusinersen is usually attributed to post-lumbar puncture syndrome. However, lumbar puncture opening pressure (LOP) has also been reported to be increased in children with SMA, both before and after treatment with nusinersen, although symptoms associated with increased LOP were not observed. We report to our knowledge the first case of symptomatic intracranial hypertension in an adult SMA patient. This 21-year-old man suffered from headache and vomiting followed by visual disturbances after the 12th injection of nusinersen. Bilateral papilledema was recognized ophthalmologically. MRI of the head showed signs of intracranial hypertension and additionally arachnoid cysts but not hydrocephalus. Symptoms resolved after 8 weeks of treatment with repeated lumbar punctures and acetazolamide. This case raises the possibility of intracranial hypertension as a complication of nusinersen therapy although arachnoid cysts represent another risk factor for intracranial hypertension. We recommend that patients suffering from headache after nusinersen injections should not only be questioned and examined for symptoms suggestive of post-lumbar puncture syndrome, but also intracranial hypertension.
Acupuncture acupoints of spine and lower limb for pediatric backbend-induced thoracic spinal cord injury: Four case reports and literature review
Authors: Piao Honglan , Li Han , Zhang Jinming
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: Backbend-induced pediatric thoracic spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (BBPT-SCIWORA) in children is rare in clinical practice and leads to lower limb motor dysfunction. There are few clinical studies on BBPT-SCIWORA and even fewer on treatments for BBPT-SCIWORA-induced lower limb motor dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at bilateral spine acupoints combined with lower limb acupoints in BBPT-SCIWORA. CASE PRESENTATION: This study reported four cases of BBPT-SCIWORA after dancing, two of which received a unique medium-frequency electroacupuncture treatment. They were all females aged between 5 and 12 years old. They were diagnosed with BBPT-SCIWORA by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transferred to the rehabilitation department for lower limb dysfunction, and received rehabilitation treatments and acupuncture. Cases 1 and 2 received acupuncture treatment for lower limb acupoints, while Cases 3 and 4 received acupuncture treatment at the bilateral spine acupoints beside the lesion and lower limb acupoints. Cases 3 and 4 achieved better American spinal injury association (AIS) grades and lower extremity motor scores (LEMS) than Cases 1 and 2 after treatment. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture treatment of beside bilateral spine acupoints plus lower limb acupoints therapy might facilitate early lower limb motor function recovery in children with BBPT-SCIWORA.
Online Credit Judgin From Sharia Economic Law
Authors: Marsela Dina
Published: May 2023

The  digital  era  or  commonly  known  as  4.0  where  everything  is  strived  to shift  to  digitalization.  One  of  the  impacts  of  digitalization  is  in  the  fieldof  muamalah (buying  and  selling  transactions).  Especially  at  this  time  in  Indonesia  experiencing  a corona  virus  outbreak  (Covid-19),  where  the  government  provides  rules  of  life  to  the community so that activities are carried out at home as an effort to protect themselves. This activity will provide a surge in buying and selling transactions online, be it through Shoope, Tokopedia, Lazada, and others. Legal efforts are needed to identify whether the transaction  is  in  accordance  with  the  law  in  muamalah,  namely  fiqh  muamalah?  The method  used  in  this  research  is  legal  research  methods  with  qualitative  analysis,  the approach  uses  normative  data.  The  result  of  the  research  is  that  online  transactions  are in accordance with muamalah fiqh, the use of the contract is the salam contract. This is because the community  orders by  giving the characteristics of the object of the item to be purchased, while the seller provides a description of the item itself in detail.
ДОСВІД ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ МІНІСТЕРСТВА ВНУТРІШНІХ СПРАВ У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ ВЕДЕННЯ ВІЙНИ
Authors: ЧЕРНОУСОВ Дмитро
Published: May 2023

У статті досліджено особливості практики застосування БПЛА підрозділами МВС у сучасних умовах ведення війни. Зазначено, що безпілотні літальні апарати були “зірками” українських полів битви з початку війни, виявляючи та знищуючи російські сили. Україна вже давно використовує БПЛА, щоб спробувати досягти технологічної переваги, оскільки вона воювала як аутсайдер проти підтримуваних росією сепаратистів у війні на Сході України. Перед вторгненням росії у лютому 2022 року українські військові купили дрони Bayraktar TB2 турецького виробництва, найбільш смертоносні безпілотні апарати в арсеналі країни. Вироблений турецькою компанією Baykar, Bayraktar TB2 є найбільшим дроном, який, як відомо, використовували українські сили для виконання місій спостереження та нанесення точних ударів за допомогою бомб з лазерним наведенням. Після вторгнення росії Сполучені Штати та європейські союзники подарували Україні ударні та спостережні БПЛА, зокрема Switchblade, американський боєприпас, який літає над полем бою, доки танк або інша ціль не потрапляє в поле зору, а потім пірнає вниз, щоб підірвати його. На Сході України БПЛА стали всюдисущими з українського боку, переважаючи, за словами солдатів, російський арсенал безпілотних літальних апаратів. Майже повністю БПЛА замінили розвідувальні патрулі та використовуються щодня для скидання боєприпасів. Використання БПЛА, оснащених оптичними чи телевізійними камерами, допомагає правоохоронним органам бути більш продуктивними. Технологія БПЛА і камер надає можливість керівникам підрозділів мати більше інформаційних даних і вчасно реагувати на зміну оперативної ситуації. Повітряні спостережні пункти також дозволяють максимально точно оцінити та реконструювати місця після аварії або місця злочину, щоб дозволити зрозуміти графік подій для кожного випадку. Прикордонники – одна зі складових Сил оборони України. Вони перші на державному кордоні і разом з іншими українськими захисниками продовжують давати потужну відсіч агресору. Наразі прикордонники в захисті кордону, зокрема на ділянці з росією та білоруссю, і на лінії фронту активно використовують безпілотні літальні апарати. У статті також акцентовано, що аеророзвідка прикордонників не тільки здійснює моніторинг обстановки, а й вистежує ворога та корегує вогонь артилерії на місця розміщення ворожої техніки та живої сили.
МЕТОДИКА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВІРОГІДНОСТІ ТА НЕОБХІДНОЇ КІЛЬКОСТІ СИЛ І ЗАСОБІВ ПІДРОЗДІЛУ ОХОРОНИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО КОРДОНУ ДЛЯ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ ПРОТИВНИКА В ЗАБЛОКОВАНОМУ РАЙОНІ
Authors: МАРТИНЮК Олександр , БІНЬКОВСЬКИЙ Олександр , МАРЧЕНКО Олександр
Published: May 2023

Одним з основних завдань підрозділів Державної прикордонної служби України у складі сил оборони є участь у проведенні протидиверсійних заходів. Для ведення розвідувально-підривної діяльності у прикордонних районах противник постійно вдається до спроб закидання диверсійно-розвідувальних груп, які прагнуть завдати раптових ударів шляхом нальотів, засідок, пошкодження або знищення критично важливих цивільних і військових об’єктів, а у разі настання несприятливих умов надійно переховуються. Попри невеликі сили, що застосовуються, диверсійні формування за відповідної їх підготовки здатні завдати суттєвих втрат нашим військам і об’єктам інфраструктури держави. Тому успішні протидиверсійні операції є однією з умов забезпечення виконання завдань з відсічі збройної агресії росії проти України. У статті окреслено актуальність питання та необхідність наукового пошуку перспективних способів визначення спроможностей підрозділу охорони державного кордону та необхідної кількості сил і засобів для виявлення диверсійно-розвідувальних груп противника в районі проведення спеціальних (пошукових) дій. Авторами статті проведено дослідження, результати якого подано у вигляді розробки відповідної методики, яка полягає у визначенні вірогідності й необхідної кількості сил і засобів для гарантованого виявлення диверсійно-розвідувальної групи противника під час проведення підрозділом охорони державного кордону спеціальних дій з пошуку в заблокованому районі. Ця методика передбачає визначення таких показників, як: вірогідність виявлення диверсійно-розвідувальної групи противника запланованим складом сил і засобів під час проведення пошуку в заблокованому районі; необхідна кількість сил і засобів для виявлення в ньому противника з необхідною вірогідністю. Визначення зазначених показників створює наукове підґрунтя для аргументації правильності прийняття управлінського рішення начальником підрозділу охорони державного кордону.
Experimental investigation of microencapsulated phase change material water slurry performance in an oscillating heat pipe
Authors:   , Noelker Maxwell Edwin
Published: May 2023

An experimental investigation was performed to determine the heat transfer performance of an oscillating heat pipe (OHP) with a micro-encapsulated phase change material (MPCM) slurry working fluid. In this investigation, MPCMs with diameters ranging from 3.8 [mu]m to 29.4 [mu]m was added in the working fluid to determine MPCMs' effect on the heat transport capability. It is expected that when the MPCMs are in the evaporator, the MPCMs change phase from solid to liquid to absorb more thermal energy. When the MPCMs move to the condenser section, MPCMs change phase from liquid to solid, the MPCMs can release more thermal energy. In this way, it can help increase the heat transport capability in an OHP. The effects of the encapsulation ratio, encapsulation efficiency, geometric dimensions, density, and latent heat of investigated MPCMs on the thermal performance in OHPs were experimentally conducted. Experimental results show that the MPCMs added in the working fluid can enhance the heat transport capability in an OHP and it is found that the best performance of the OHP occurred at a MPCM weight concentration of 3 percent in the slurry, which can achieve an improvement of 15.5 percent.
Disturbance and restoration ecology : exploring biological and human dynamics
Authors:   , Stephen Carolyn Ann
Published: May 2023

As scientists, when we study ecology, we study relationships. From a strictly biological sense, we look at relationships between organisms--how they interact, compete, and develop at different scales. We also look at how they interact with abiotic factors like environmental conditions or external disturbances. Humans, of course, are a major part of those relationships in how we create or prevent disturbances, favor certain species or entire ecosystems over others, or even impact one another. Often, we play engineering or managerial roles in ecosystems--that seems true today more than ever. As researchers, we prioritize the study of ecology. As natural resource managers, we prioritize the implementation of what we know about ecology and the observation of ecological response. Thus, the relationships between our researchers and our natural resource managers have a profound impact on how our ecosystems are both understood and managed. In my master's thesis, I explore the relationship fire--a primarily human driven disturbance both historically and currently--has with woodland flora communities in the Missouri Ozarks. Fire is currently used as a major management tool to restore woodland communities in the Ozarks. I then turn to an exploration of relationships found in collaborations between researchers and natural resource managers working for the U.S.D.A. Forest Service. In chapter 1, I examine how herbaceous ground flora, midstory trees, and overstory trees respond to prescribed fire over 20 years in the Missouri Ozarks in three different community types--dry woodlands, dry mesic woodlands, and glades. Historically, fire and climatic conditions primarily drove Ozark woodland and glade community structure. Due to decades of fire suppression, these communities dramatically changed in structure and composition. Previous studies show a reintroduction of fire can have restorative effects on ground flora and the midstories in these communities by reducing midstory tree density, allowing for greater light penetration to the ground layer, and reducing leaf litter accumulation. We show that native herbaceous ground flora increases in richness and abundance, that the midstory declines in density, and that the overstory density also declines in density, with strongest effects mostly occurring in the dry woodlands. Fire management alone can be an effective tool for woodland restoration. In my second chapter, I explore the dynamics involved in collaborations between researchers and natural resource managers. We surveyed a group of U.S.D.A. Forest Service researchers and natural resource managers involved in ongoing collaborations to determine which elements of partnerships resulted in challenges and which led to success. We followed up surveys with group discussions to develop experience-based solutions for improving research-management collaborations. Relationships, communication, and physical time together building relationships emerged as key elements to successful collaborations.
Overcoming the bitter taste of iodine in fortified foods using encapsulation technique
Authors:   , Akter Antora Salma
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] This research aims to understand the effect of encapsulation techniques to mask the bitter taste of iodine compounds for applications in different food matrices. Also, to find powder formulation with good flow properties, and identifying optimized operating parameters and processing techniques for encapsulation. In addition, the encapsulated formulations should have appropriate physical, functional, reconstitution properties, and particle size, be shelf-stable and cost-effective, and have consumer acceptability, especially for pediatric and geriatric people. The spray-dried 10 percent KI and 12 percent NaI powder formulation with organic juice blends resulted in good quality powder. The powder yield was 87.27[plus or minus]3.42 percent and 86.88[plus or minus]1.98 percent for 10 percent KI and 12 percent NaI formulation, respectively. Both spray-dried powders' low moisture content and water activity indicate powder stability and low microbial activity. Density, porosity, and angle of repose values show that both of the spray-dried formulations are good free-flowing powders. SEM-EDX analysis images show the particle surface morphology of the powder, which justifies the powder's good flow properties. EDX confirms the availability of the iodine compounds in the spray-dried powder. The viscosity of the 10 percent KI sample was found to be 1.89[plus or minus]0.1 mPa.s, whereas the viscosity of the 12 percent NaI sample was found to be 1.58[plus or minus]0.03 mPa.s. Finally, the ICP-MS was done to analyze the amount of iodine in the spray-dried powder. After spray drying, the amount of iodine content decreases compared to the initial level. This is due to the unstable nature of iodine in the environment. The final spray-dried powder is bright purplish pink, due to the addition of fruit juice blends in the liquid formulation, which can help increase consumer acceptability. Therefore, this research will enrich knowledge for future researchers on using high-concentration of iodine and encapsulation of the iodine compound to reduce the loss and, at the same time, mask the bitter taste as iodine tends to contribute to salty and bitter taste.
Diagnosis of aerodigestive disoders in dogs utilizing videofluoroscopic swallow study
Authors:   , Howard Jennifer Lynn
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] An aerodigestive disease (AeroD) is a disorder pathologically linking the respiratory and alimentary tracts. Dogs having respiratory signs without dysphagia, vomiting, or regurgitation typically lack diagnostics identifying comorbid alimentary disease. Videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) identifies defects in swallowing, pathologic reflux, and aspiration. We hypothesized dogs with respiratory/no alimentary disease (RESP) would have significantly more abnormal VFSS metrics versus healthy controls (CON). We hypothesized RESP dogs with parenchymal disease would have more reflux and higher penetration-aspiration score (PAS) than those with airway disease. Forty-five client owned dogs with respiratory disease (RESP) and 15 hospital staff owned dogs (CON) were evaluated. Prospectively, all dogs underwent VFSS. RESP dogs had advanced respiratory diagnostics. Eight subjective and three objective VFSS metrics (pharyngeal constriction ratio, PCR; PAS; and esophageal transit time, ETT) were assessed. Fishers Exact test compared differences between groups (presence or absence of VFSS abnormalities). PCR and PAS were compared via Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test (p[less than]0.05 significant). Results revealed subjective VFSS abnormalities in 34/45 (75 percent) RESP and 2/15 (13 percent) CON dogs, with RESP dogs significantly more likely to have VFSS abnormalities (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in PCR between groups. RESP dogs were more likely to have pathologic PAS than CON (p = 0.027). RESP dogs with airway disease had higher PAS than CON (p = 0.011) but not RESP dogs with parenchymal disease (p = 0.246). Overall, seventy-five percent of RESP dogs had VFSS abnormalities, underscoring that AeroDs are common.
Indirect effects of invasive insect management on forest insect abundance
Authors:   , Lucas Alyssa Lee
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] Invasive species, climate change, habitat destruction, and pesticides are severely threatening insect biodiversity on a global scale. In particular, invasive species are arriving in novel habitats at accelerating rates and are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. In agricultural systems, invasive insects disrupt established integrated pest management programs, as growers primarily rely on chemical control. Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) is an invasive insect species that continues to spread throughout the Midwest. Soybean growers manage this pest with 3-4 additional insecticide applications per season, resulting in non-target effects on beneficial insects within agricultural systems. While many studies have quantified these non-target effects within agriculture, none have quantified the effects of these increased insecticides on insect populations in adjacent natural ecosystems. We investigate the effects of insecticide applications targeting Japanese beetle in soybean systems on insect abundance in adjacent forests. Treatments consisted of soybean fields treated with three weekly insecticide applications and untreated control fields. Samples were collected in field-adjacent forests at 4 sample sites along 40-meter straight-line transects. We compared the abundance of arboreal insects using yellow sticky traps deployed throughout forest canopies and ground-dwelling insects using pitfall traps. We observed significant reductions in overall insect abundance including key predator and parasitoid taxa in forests adjacent to insecticide-treated soybean.
The Use of nśʼ in the Pentateuch and its Contribution to the Concept of Forgiveness
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Olafsson Gudmundur
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the use of the root nśʼ in the Pentateuch in an attempt to discover its semantic relationship to the concept of forgiveness. Survey of the available literature revealed a near vacuum in this area, apart from a couple of careful but brief treatments. Other studies were either very cursory or only partially relevant to the present study. Most writers tend to relegate the concept of forgiveness to the derived meaning of "remove" without substantiating it exegetically. Cognate languages affirmed the existence of the root and its range of meanings. The widest range of meanings and closest affinity to Hebrew was found in Akkadian. Besides its usual meanings, both languages used it in the context of caring and in handling wrongdoings. Biblical usage reveals a syntactically and semantically flexible root. Its basic sense is a deliberate, supportive upwards/onwards movement, both literal and metaphoric. Metaphoric meanings are based on the literal, either in the form of metonymy or by concretizing the abstracts. Idiomatic expressions involving body parts were found to indicate purposeful utilization rather than just some measureable movement. In the context of nśʼ, sin and wrongdoing are viewed as concrete objects which the wrongdoer must carry. Ultimately, it leads to the death of its carrier. Symbolically, the burden of sin was transferred from the wrongdoer, who carried (nśʼ) it, to the sanctuary via the priests who bore (nśʼ) them on/in his body into the presence of the Lord, whose very nature it is to bear (nśʼ) the iniquities of the people. Once a year these wrongs were removed from the sanctuary and the camp by means of a goat which carried (nśʼ) them into the wilderness. No longer were they held against the people, and they were accepted by God. They could enjoy his blessings, evidenced by his caring concern for all their needs, whether spiritual or physical. Humans are to participate actively in this fatherly care, working towards the restoration of others. This whole process is involved in nśʼ-forgiveness. It is not a forgetful declaration of innocence; neither does it allow the wrong to affect the relationship. Instead, it involves an active, caring concern for others and their well-being.
Stressors that Affect Psychotherapists' Therapeutic Functioning
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Wallace Donald
Published: May 2023

Problem. The purpose of this study was to look at the stressors psychotherapists experience in their work to determine those that are positive and those that are negative. In addition, this study looked at stressors viewed as positive and negative by several subgroups of psychotherapists based on personality characteristics, gender, age, educational training, level of experience, preferred therapeutic school, and marital status. Method. The Stressors Check List. Mvers-Briaas Type Indicator. and a demographic sheet were given to a sample of 244 psychotherapists employed at 12 comprehensive mental health centers in the State of Indiana. Statistical analyses included t-tests, one-way analyses of variance, and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference Test. Findings. Eleven stressors were found to be positive, 1 stressor was found to be negative, and 7 stressors were found to be neutral by the total sample of psychotherapists. Significant differences were found between the following groups in their perceptions of which stressors were positive and negative: psychotherapists with extroverted and introverted personality characteristics, psychotherapists with thinking and feeling personality characteristics, younger and older psychotherapists, and psychotherapists from differing therapeutic schools. There was near significance between male and female psychotherapists, between psychotherapists based on their educational training, and between psychotherapists based on their level of experience. Summary. This study revealed that psychotherapists are exposed to positive and negative stressors at their work place. In addition, personality characteristics, gender, age, type of educational degree, experience, and preferred therapeutic school have an impact on their perception of positive or negative stressors.
Christ-Centered Discipleship: a Biblical Concept of Religious Education
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Cho Myung Soo
Published: May 2023

Concomitant with increased concern for church growth in the 1950s was a new awareness of the importance of discipleship. From the days of Jesus to the present, the concept of discipleship has changed greatly. The problem of this investigation was to identify a Biblical concept of discipleship. It was hypothesized that the relationship of Jesus with His Heavenly Father was the model for Jesus' discipleship with the Twelve apostles and other disciples. The primary objective was to identify principles form this Christ-centered discipleship that could provide a theoretical framework for Christian religious education. The historical development of the Rabbinic schools revealed a marked departure in Rabbinic discipleship from that of the OT. Moreover, Hellenistic educational practices exerted great influence on Rabbinic schools for more than three centuries. A lexical study of selected Hebrew and Greek terms demonstrates nuances and other significant meanings in words used for discipleship during the pre-Chrisitan era. The Servant Songs of Isaiah revealed four principles of discipleship that Jesus fulfilled as reported in the four Gospels. These four principles of the Servant in the Servant Songs of Isaiah are (1) Divine call, (2) commitment, (3) suffering, and (4) glorification. The relationship of the Father to His Son, Jesus, was the paradigm of the relationship of Jesus to His disciples. He commanded them to follow this same pattern of discipleship. The above four principles were conclusively manifested in the discipleship of the Apostles after Pentecost. The coming of the Paraclete is the fulfillment of the promise of Christ to the Twelve including later disciples that He would remain with them through the Spirit until His second coming. This thesis concludes with several suggestions for their implementation in Christian religious education and recommendations for future study.
Staff Satisfaction and Leadership Behavior of Theory X- and Theory Y-Oriented Principals in the Greater Chicago Public School System
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Gillman Lynn
Published: May 2023

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine any difference in the perceived staff satisfaction in both inner city and suburban elementary and secondary schools administrated by male or female Theory X- or Theory Y-oriented principals. Further, it was intended to determine if there was any reliability to the notion that the staff would rather be administered by male Theory X- than female Theory Y-oriented principals, working on the assumption that staff would prefer working in a school that was administered by Theory Y-oriented principals rather than by Theory-X oriented principals. Differences were found between gender and administrator's style. It appeared that females tend to demonstrate a "Y" management style more than males. There was also a significant difference in staff satisfaction between female X- and Y-oriented principals in both inner-city schools and suburban schools. There was no significant difference in staff satisfaction between elementary and secondary schools when led by a male or female, X- orY-oriented principal. There was also no difference in satisfaction between a male and female in managing a school. However, there was a significant difference between staff satisfaction, X-management orientation, and a Y orientation. Staff satisfaction was significantly higher with a Y-oriented principal as opposed to an X-oriented principal whether or not the administrator was male or female. In conclusion, staffs in elementary and secondary schools indicated a degree of dissatisfaction with the leadership of X-oriented principals. In general, it would seem that satisfaction was not related to the sex of the leadership or building level, only management orientation. The statistics did not reveal a significant difference in the satisfaction of female principals of suburban and inner-city schools. The satisfaction was highest with female Y principals in the inner-city schools. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
A Study Of The Discriminative Function Of Six Variables In 9-12-Year-Old Males With Learning Disabilities
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Hanig Kenneth
Published: May 2023

Problem Greater discriminative power to clarify the diagnostic category of learning disabilities is needed. Research identifies many types of learning disabled populations. Studies do not indicate that the six variables used in this project had been combined and used in a project prior to this. Using measures such as Sentence Repeat, Synonyms, Digits Forward/Backwards, Design Copy, Nonsense Words, and Visual Pattern Matching, this project studied the responses of an LD sample to these subtests and their ability to discriminate among a verbally impaired sample, a spatially impaired sample, and a control group. Method Six subtests were developed, which, according to the literature, measured auditory discrimination and memory (Sentence Repeat); auditory and verbal comprehension and general verbal background (Synonyms); immediate auditory memory, attention, concentration, double tracking, and reversal of mental operations (Digits Forward/Backwards); visual perceptual-motor functioning (Design Copy); lexical processing (Nonsense Words); and visual memory and visual-perceptual learning (Visual Pattern Matching). The basic null hypothesis was that there is no linear combination of six variables which significantly discriminates among the three groups. The instrument was subjected to a pilot study before the final data collection took place. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, and discriminant function analysis. Results Two subtests dominated in their ability to discriminate among the groups--Synonyms and Digits Forward/Backwards. Both the verbal and spatial groups were found to have shared deficits, but differed significantly from the control group on most of the measures. The null hypothesis was rejected. Conclusion The 9-12-year-old males in this sample with learning disabilities expressed deficits only in verbally related areas--specifically auditory/verbal comprehension and short-term auditory memory, attention, and concentration. Based on the literature and data gathering experience, it was also revealed that students should not be placed in LD programs based on one test, and a home visit should take place.
The Relationship Between Attitudes Toward Women, Rape Myth Acceptance, and Sexual Coercive Experiences of Male and Female Students at Religious and Public Colleges
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Jorgensen Lennard
Published: May 2023

Problem. The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of sexual coercion and to explore relationships between sexual coercion, attitudes toward women, and rape myth acceptance of men and women on Seventh-day Adventist and public college campuses. Method. Three scales furnished scores for sexual coercive experiences, attitudes toward women, and rape myth acceptance. Multiple- and step-wise regression analyses were used to discover relationships between attitudes toward women, rape myth acceptance, and religious affiliation, college affiliation and sexual coercion. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the influence of age, religious affiliation, college affiliation, religion, type of coercion, and admitting coercion on attitudes toward women and rape myth acceptance. A total of 893 freshman and sophomore students was used in the final analysis. Results. Half as many SDA females reported being date/acquaintance raped as Protestant, Catholic, and no-religion groups. More SDA females reported being sexually molested before age 14 than did nonSDA females. For the male, female, and complete samples, religious and college affiliation were the strongest predictors for verbal, physical, and any coercion. The only exception was rape myth acceptance which more strongly predicted male physical perpetration. While all the female groups scored toward the nontraditional end of the AWS, SDA females were more traditional than were nonSDA females. Noncoerced females were more traditional than were verbally coerced females. Males who admitted perpetrating sexual coercion more strongly accepted rape myths than did nonperpetrators. Conclusions. Patriarchy within the SDA community seems to account for many of the traditional attitudes toward women which SDA women reported. SDA environments tend to be more "closed," and public environments more "open," which may account for less rape reported by SDA females. Furthermore, SDA females are socialized to be sexually avoidant. A "closed" environment with more patriarchy and sexual repression may create both sexual frustration and opportunity to sexually molest minors. Religious and college affiliation were barriers to sexual coercion in a "closed" SDA context. Finally, patriarchy, in the form of rape myths, still impacts male socialization, especially in those who physically perpetrate and admit perpetration.
A Proposed Paradigm of Personality as Explored Through the Relationship Between Moral Reasoning and Cognitive Flexibility
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Madgwick Karen
Published: May 2023

Problem. Personality, a construct representing the dynamic integration of the individual, remains complicated, both in theory and in research. The purpose of this study was to explore a conceptual paradigm of personality through the relationship between cognitive flexibility and moral reasoning. Researchers had not looked at the relationship between cognitive flexibility, as measured by the Stroop Color and Word Test, and moral reasoning, as measured by the Defining Issues Test (DIT). This study focused on the relationship between cognitive flexibility and moral reasoning. It looked for more than an understanding of the relationship, however, thus affording beginning research in the development of the proposed paradigm. Method. The DIT and the Stroop Test were administered to freshman and sophomore college students. Chi-square and descriptive analyses of the data from 133 subjects were calculated. Results. Four directional research hypotheses predicted a necessary-but-not-sufficient relationship between cognitive flexibility and moral reasoning. Two hypotheses used the P score on the DIT while the other two involved the D measure. The findings supported two out of the four hypotheses: one on the P scores (x2 = 3.27) and one on the D scores (x2 = 3.5) from the DIT. While the other two research hypotheses were not supported by the analyses, trends suggested by the data were studied by a number of t tests. These tests revealed significantly higher DIT means in the flexible group than the not flexible group in the third quartile D grouping (t = 1.092 with 43 degrees of freedom and p < .05) and in the upper quartile P grouping (t = 2.502 with 23 degrees of freedom and p < .01). It is believed that this study contributes direct and indirect support of a necessary-but-not-sufficient relationship between cognitive flexibility and moral reasoning. It may be said that cognitive flexibility is a prerequisite for higher moral development. It is not, however, the only component needed for such development. The relationship between cognitive flexibility and moral reasoning can be taken as evidence for an interaction between the subsystems and cognitive mosaics within the context of the proposed paradigm. In summary, this study provides beginning work on a personality paradigm and contributes both implications and applications of the findings.
The Empirical Development of a College Curriculum of the Epistle to the Galatians
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Matak Dragutin
Published: May 2023

Problem. Seventh-day Adventist adolescents need a clear understanding of the gospel which provides the assurance of salvation. Since in Seventh-day Adventist colleges there is no curriculum for the Epistle to the Galatians, this study was intended to provide college religion students with the opportunity to understand cognitively and to apply experientially the claims of the gospel as presented in Galatians. Method. The basic philosophy of the learning approach utilized in this study was that a curriculum is more than a blueprint for educational planning. In Christian education, curriculum is a bridge between theory and practice in the cognitive, affective and spiritual domains. The instructional product development method of Baker and Schutz (1971) was utilized in this study. The product was empirically developed through seven systematic steps. Having established the need for the product, behav iGTu 1 objectives were created. Then the cognitive pre- and post-tesc items were formulated, as well as the criteria by which they would be evaluated. The curriculum was prepared in the form of lectures for the college students. General mastery was established at 80/80; that is, at least 80% of the learners would need to demonstrate mastery of at least 80% of the criteria established for each of twenty-eight objectives in the cognitive post-test. An affective instrument was also developed to measure the modification of effect in the instructional sequence. The lectures were presented first to small groups, then modified, and the group size increased. When the mastery of the content was achieved at the determined level, the curriculum was considered to be ready for field use. Results. All of the thirty-three participants achieved (1) cognitive mastery at the predetermined level of 80/80 and (2) a t-score of 8.122 which is above the level of significance of 2.036. This suggests that a positive modification of affect was also achieved. Conclusions. Since there is both a need for a well-formulated gospel message and a lack of a college curriculum of the Epistle to the Galatians, this college curriculum could be utilized as a primary learning tool of instruction in college religion classes.
An Exploratory Study of the Aims and Methods of Family Worship in the Seventh-day Adventist Church
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Phillips L. Edgel
Published: May 2023

Problem The Adventist Church places a high value on family worship yet less than 50 percent of those surveyed indicated that the observance was practiced. It was posited that an investigation of the aims and methods of family worship might provide a partial answer to this phenomenon. This present study was to determine the underlying dimensions of the aims and methods of family worship and to discover which methods have a significant correlation with the aims of family worship. Method An instrument was developed for collecting data from individual members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church who reside in the geographic area known as the Lake Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. Factor analysis was used to identify the underlying dimensions of the aims and methods and regression analysis was employed to observe the relationships between the aims and methods. Results Four hundred and sixty-six individuals returned the questionnaire providing a return rate of 48 percent. Factor analysis produced two highly correlated (.83) aims factors which were labeled God-oriented and Family-directed. Ten methods factors emerged with intercorrelations that were moderate to low. Regression analysis found three methods factors with significant and meaningful correlations with the aims factors. They were the Relational-Self Disclosure, Affirmation-Existential, and Prayer factors. Conclusions The family worships that are most effective for accomplishing the aims identified in this study are those that incorporate activities that are highly relational with elements of self-disclosure. Each individual present should experience a personal sense of well-being and give and receive meaningful amounts of affirmation. Prayer and the Bible are used in relational ways. Twenty minutes or more may be needed to assure the best results. The study did not give a clear signal on the frequency of the exercise. Only the Prayer factor included an item on frequency. This item indicated that prayer should be included both morning and evening.
The Student, the Teacher, and the Text : an Ethnography of the Literary Acculturation Process in Three Undergraduate Literature Classrooms
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Quartey Matthew
Published: May 2023

In this study I describe the context and environment in which students in three undergraduate literature classrooms in a mid-western parochial university "acquired a sense of literature," as well as the role played by their teachers in the process. As qualitative research, the study seeks to provide additional insight and understanding of the process of acquiring literary competence. While participant observation and interview were the principal methods used in gathering data, the data also included the use of documents. I examined course syllabi, students' journals, students' written work, and school documents. I also observed each of the three classes at least ten class periods. Each of the three teacher sand one student from each class were interviewed several times. The teacher interviews elicited information that placed such elements as teacher's theoretical framework and pedagogical practices in perspective. Interviews with the students, among other things, sought their views and opinions about literary theory and competence, and their expectations about the class. The study points out several factors that appeared to influence how students develop a sense of literary competence. These include the class environment, class size, the pedagogical method adopted by the teacher, and the text used for the class. Other specific ways in which teachers affected the acculturation process are also discussed. The study concludes by raising some concerns that emerged from the study about the teaching of literature.
Exploring Students’ Experiences of an Internationalized University Through a Person-in-Context Lens
Authors: Marangell Samantha
Published: May 2023

The aim of this article is to provide better understanding around the challenges facing university internationalization by exploring students’ experiences of an internationalized university through a Person-in-Context lens. The article reports on a study that took place at a metropolitan university in Australia and which utilized both a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative individual interviews to explore students’ expectations, experiences, and perceptions of their internationalized university. Main findings have been applied to Volet’s person-in-context adaptation of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model of human development in order to address the research question, “What influences students’ experiences of an internationalized university?” This article presents the application of findings to the person-in-context model and discusses implications that can be drawn about the student experience of internationalized universities.
Cross-border Communications
Authors: MacNeill Kate , Li Dongmei , McIntosh Megan
Published: May 2023

In this essay, we set out to explore the ways in which our approaches and assumptions around internationalisation, and the experiences of international students, have been challenged. Drawing on our experiences as academics through the transitioning times over the last two years, we have chosen to approach this through a series of reflections on four themes: university as an imagined community, globalisation, home not as a metaphor, and a journey toward humility. Through this essay, we invite discussions on these topics to foster excellence in teaching and learning internationalisation in the higher education sector.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BATANG AKAR BAJAKAH (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) TERHADAP TIKUS JANTAN PUTIH (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Amalia Lisa , Dalimunthe Gabena Indrayani
Published: May 2023

Akar bajakah (Spathollobus Littotalis Hassk) merupakan tumbuhan yang termasuk ke dalam famili fabaceae yang berdasarkan penelitian ekstraknya dapat menurunkan reaksi peradangan. Ekstrak akar bajakah mengandung senyawa kimia seperti flavonoid, tanin, steroid/triterpenoid, dan alkaloid. Flavonoid yang terkandung dalam akar bajakah dapat menangkap radikal bebas yang berfungsi untuk menghambat kerusakan sel dan sebagai antiinflamasi. Ekstrak etanol akar bajakah (EEKB) dibuat dengan metode perkolasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% yang kemudian dilakukan skrining fitokimia simplisia, uji kontrol positif (Natrium Diklofenak 25 mg), dan suspensi EEKB dosis 100, 200, dan 300 mg/KgBB. Tikus diinduksi dengan karagenan kemudian diukur volume radang setiap 1 jam dan dihitung persentase radang dan persentase inhibisi radang. Dosis EEKB 300 mg/KgBB memiliki efek antiinflamasi dengan nilai persentase radang 13,66%, persentase inhibisi radang 82,05%, dan nilai natrium diklofenak 25 mg/KgBB dengan nilai persentase radang 11,6% dengan nilai persentase inhibisi radang 96,90%. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diketahui bahwa EEKB dapat mengurangi peradangan pada kaki tikus setelah dilakukan penginduksian karagenan.