bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microclimate and Modeled Fire Behavior Differ Between Adjacent Forest Types in Northern Portugal
Authors: Pinto Anita , Fernandes Paulo
Published: October 2014

Fire severity varies with forest composition and structure, reflecting micrometeorology and the fuel complex, but their respective influences are difficult to untangle from observation alone. We quantify the differences in fire weather between different forest types and the resulting differences in modeled fire behavior. Collection of in-stand weather data proceeded during two summer periods in three adjacent stands in northern Portugal, respectively Pinus pinaster (PP), Betula alba (BA), and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (CL). Air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed varied respectively as CL < PP < BA, PP < CL < BA, and CL < BA < PP. Differences between PP and the other types were greatest during the warmest and driest hours of the day in a sequence of 10 days with high fire danger. Estimates of daytime moisture content of fine dead fuels and fire behavior characteristics for this period, respectively, from Behave and BehavePlus, indicate a CL < BA < PP gradient in fire potential. High stand density in CL and BA ensured lower wind speed and higher fuel moisture content than in PP, limiting the likelihood of an extreme fire environment. However, regression tree analysis revealed that the fire behavior distinction between the three forest types was primarily a function of the surface fuel complex, and more so during extreme fire weather conditions.
Stem Biomass Production of Paulownia elongata × P. fortunei under Low Irrigation in a Semi-Arid Environment
Authors: García-Morote Francisco , López-Serrano Francisco , Martínez-García Eduardo , Andrés-Abellán Manuela , Dadi Tarek , Candel David , Rubio Eva , Lucas-Borja Manuel
Published: October 2014

In semi-arid regions, afforestation with fast-growing species cultured with low irrigation can be an effective approach for environmental protection. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the stem biomass production of Paulownia in a semi-arid climate and clay soils under contrasting low-irrigation and fertilization treatments. The stem biomass at the stand level was estimated by applying allometric equations fitted in sample resprouts and inventory data. The results show that biomass production improved when either irrigation or fertilizer was added, but the combination of a higher dose of irrigation and fertilization did not lead to the highest biomass production; thus water availability was the main factor controlling biomass production. Under the higher dose of irrigation, the absence of a fertilizer effect would be due in part to the fertile soil, which could supply sufficient nutrients for Paulownia growth at the higher level of soil moisture. The stem biomass estimated ranged from 2.14 to 4.50 t×ha−1 (lower irrigation dose without fertilization, and higher irrigation with fertilization). The greater production was similar to other studies in the Mediterranean area receiving more irrigation. Thus, this study permitted us to understand the potential of Paulownia to provide biomass in semi-arid environments with low irrigation due to water use restrictions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel PVA/SiO2-TiO2 Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Ma Haihong , Shi Tiejun , Song Qiusheng
Published: October 2014

Hybrid sols of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Silicon oxide-titanium oxide (SiO2-TiO2) were prepared with tetraethoxylsilane and tetrabutyl titanate as precursor using Sol-Gel method. PVA/SiO2-TiO2 hybrid fibers were prepared by drawing from the hybrid sols using dip-coating method and aging treatment. The spinnability of hybrid sols was investigated. Spinnable time (t) and spinnable length (l) of hybrid sols increased with either the PVA content or the molar ratio of SiO2 and TiO2. The hybrid fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet Visible Spectrometry (UV-Vis) and (Thermo-gravimetric Analysis) TGA. FT-IR results suggested that PVA was linked with (SiO2-TiO2) network by chemical bonds. SEM measurements indicated that when the fibers arrives the maximum spinning length, the diameter of the fibers was about 50 μm, and the whole system was homogeneous. XRD results revealed that the crystallinity of hybrid fibers was decreased distinctly. UV-Vis measurements confirmed that the shielding properties to Ultraviolet (UV) were greatly improved with titania filled in the hybrid fibers. TG measurements suggested that the hybrid fibers show better resistance to heat than pure PVA fibers.
Evaluation of Toxic Metals and Essential Elements in Children with Learning Disabilities from a Rural Area of Southern Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Sabrina , Charão Mariele , Moro Angela , Roehrs Miguel , Paniz Clovis , Baierle Marília , Brucker Natália , Gioda Adriana , Barbosa Fernando , Bohrer Denise , Ávila Daiana , Garcia Solange
Published: October 2014

Children’s exposure to metals can result in adverse effects such as cognitive function impairments. This study aimed to evaluate some toxic metals and levels of essential trace elements in blood, hair, and drinking water in children from a rural area of Southern Brazil. Cognitive ability and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) activity were evaluated. Oxidative stress was evaluated as a main mechanism of metal toxicity, through the quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. This study included 20 children from a rural area and 20 children from an urban area. Our findings demonstrated increase in blood lead (Pb) levels (BLLs). Also, increased levels of nickel (Ni) in blood and increase of aluminum (Al) levels in hair and drinking water in rural children were found. Deficiency in selenium (Se) levels was observed in rural children as well. Rural children with visual-motor immaturity presented Pb levels in hair significantly increased in relation to rural children without visual-motor immaturity (p < 0.05). Negative correlations between BLLs and ALA-D activity and positive correlations between BLLs and ALA-RE activity were observed. MDA was significantly higher in rural compared to urban children (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that rural children were co-exposed to toxic metals, especially Al, Pb and Ni. Moreover, a slight deficiency of Se was observed. Low performance on cognitive ability tests and ALA-D inhibition can be related to metal exposure in rural children. Oxidative stress was suggested as a main toxicological mechanism involved in metal exposure.
Horizon 2020 Priorities in Clinical Mental Health Research: Results of a Consensus-Based ROAMER Expert Survey
Authors: Elfeddali Iman , Van der Feltz-Cornelis Christina , Van Os Jim , Knappe Susanne , Vieta Eduard , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Obradors-Tarragó Carla , Haro Josep
Published: October 2014

Within the ROAMER project, which aims to provide a Roadmap for Mental Health Research in Europe, a two-stage Delphi survey among 86 European experts was conducted in order to identify research priorities in clinical mental health research. Expert consensus existed with regard to the importance of three challenges in the field of clinical mental health research: (1) the development of new, safe and effective interventions for mental disorders; (2) understanding the mechanisms of disease in order to be able to develop such new interventions; and (3) defining outcomes (an improved set of outcomes, including alternative outcomes) to use for clinical mental health research evaluation. Proposed actions involved increasing the utilization of tailored approaches (personalized medicine), developing blended eHealth/mHealth decision aids/guidance tools that help the clinician to choose between various treatment modalities, developing specific treatments in order to better target comorbidity and (further) development of biological, psychological and psychopharmacological interventions. The experts indicated that addressing these priorities will result in increased efficacy and impact across Europe; with a high probability of success, given that Europe has important strengths, such as skilled academics and a long research history. Finally, the experts stressed the importance of creating funding and coordinated networking as essential action needed in order to target the variety of challenges in clinical mental health research.
Synthesis, X-ray Structure, Spectroscopic Properties and DFT Studies of a Novel Schiff Base
Authors: Chen Kew-Yu , Tsai Hsing-Yang
Published: October 2014

A series of Schiff bases, salicylideneaniline derivatives 1–4, was synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by 1H NMR, HRMS, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In solid and aprotic solvents 1–4 exist mainly as E conformers that possess an intramolecular six-membered-ring hydrogen bond. A weak intramolecular C–H×××F hydrogen bond is also observed in fluoro-functionalized Schiff base 4, which generates another S(6) ring motif. The C–H×××F hydrogen bond further stabilizes its structure and leads it to form a planar configuration. Compounds 1–3 exhibit solely a long-wavelength proton-transfer tautomer emission, while dipole-functionalized Schiff base 4 shows remarkable dual emission originated from the excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ESICT) and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) states. Furthermore, the geometric structures, frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) and the potential energy curves for 1–4 in the ground and the first singlet excited state were fully rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations.
Marketing Netcoatings for Aquaculture
Authors: Martin Robert
Published: October 2014

Unsustainable harvesting of natural fish stocks is driving an ever growing marine aquaculture industry. Part of the aquaculture support industry is net suppliers who provide producers with nets used in confining fish while they are grown to market size. Biofouling must be addressed in marine environments to ensure maximum product growth by maintaining water flow and waste removal through the nets. Biofouling is managed with copper and organic biocide based net coatings. The aquaculture industry provides a case study for business issues related to entry of improved fouling management technology into the marketplace. Several major hurdles hinder entry of improved novel technologies into the market. The first hurdle is due to the structure of business relationships. Net suppliers can actually cut their business profits dramatically by introducing improved technologies. A second major hurdle is financial costs of registration and demonstration of efficacy and quality product with a new technology. Costs of registration are prohibitive if only the net coatings market is involved. Demonstration of quality product requires collaboration and a team approach between formulators, net suppliers and farmers. An alternative solution is a vertically integrated business model in which the support business and product production business are part of the same company.
Biocompatible PEGylated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Photothermal Agents for Near-Infrared Light Modulated Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yuan Gang , Yuan Yongjie , Xu Kan , Luo Qi
Published: October 2014

In accordance with the World Cancer Report, cancer has become the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and various therapeutic strategies have been developed at the same time. In the present study, biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles were designed and synthesized as high-performance photothermal agents for near-infrared light mediated cancer therapy in vitro. Via a facile one-pot solvothermal method, well-defined PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles (PEG–Fe3O4) were prepared with cheap inhesion as a first step. Due to the successful coating of PEG molecules on the surface of PEG–Fe3O4, these nanoparticles exhibited excellent dispersibility and dissolvability in physiological condition. Cytotoxicity based on MTT assays indicated these nanoparticles revealed high biocompatibility and low toxicity towards both Hela cells and C6 cells. After near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, the viabilities of C6 cells were effectively suppressed when incubated with the NIR laser activated PEG–Fe3O4. In addition, detailed photothermal anti-cancer efficacy was evaluated via visual microscope images, demonstrating that our PEG–Fe3O4 were promising for photothermal therapy of cancer cells.
Genetic Analysis of 430 Chinese Cynodon dactylon Accessions Using Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers
Authors: Huang Chunqiong , Liu Guodao , Bai Changjun , Wang Wenqiang
Published: October 2014

Although Cynodon dactylon (C. dactylon) is widely distributed in China, information on its genetic diversity within the germplasm pool is limited. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic variation and relationships of 430 C. dactylon accessions collected from 22 Chinese provinces using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Fifteen primer pairs were used to amplify specific C. dactylon genomic sequences. A total of 481 SRAP fragments were generated, with fragment sizes ranging from 260–1800 base pairs (bp). Genetic similarity coefficients (GSC) among the 430 accessions averaged 0.72 and ranged from 0.53–0.96. Cluster analysis conducted by two methods, namely the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and principle coordinate analysis (PCoA), separated the accessions into eight distinct groups. Our findings verify that Chinese C. dactylon germplasms have rich genetic diversity, which is an excellent basis for C. dactylon breeding for new cultivars.
Pharmacokinetic Comparisons of Benzoylmesaconine in Rats Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry after Administration of Pure Benzoylmesaconine and Wutou Decoction
Authors: Dai Pei-Min , Wang Ying , Ye Ling , Zeng Shan , Zheng Zhi-Jie , Li Qiang , Lu Lin-Liu , Liu Zhong-Qiu
Published: October 2014

Wutou decoction is widely used in China because of its therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis. Benzoylmesaconine (BMA), the most abundant component of Wutou decoction, was used as the marker compound for the pharmacokinetic study of Wutou decoction. The aim of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of BMA in rats after oral administration of pure BMA and Wutou decoction. Pure BMA (5 mg/kg) and Wutou decoction (0.54 g/kg, equivalent to 5 mg/kg BMA) were orally administered to rats with blood samples collected over 10 h. Quantiﬁcation of BMA in rat plasma was achieved using sensitive and validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Specifically, the half-life (T1/2) and mean residence time values of pure BMA were 228.3 ± 117.0 min and 155.0 ± 33.2 min, respectively, whereas those of BMA in Wutou decoction were decreased to 61.8 ± 35.1 min and 55.8 ± 16.4 min, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of BMA after administration of Wutou decoction was significantly decreased (five-fold) compared with that of pure BMA. The results indicate that the elimination of BMA in rats after the administration of Wutou decoction was significantly faster compared with that of pure BMA.
A New Urease Inhibitor from Viola betonicifolia
Authors: Muhammad Naveed , Saeed Muhammad , Khan Ajmal , Adhikari Achyut , Wadood Abdul , Khan Khalid , De Feo Vincenzo
Published: October 2014

Urease has attracted much attention, as it is directly involved in the formation of infection stones and contributes to the pathogenesis of urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia and hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic coma and urinary catheter encrustation. Moreover, urease is the major cause of pathologies induced by H. pylori, such as gastritis and peptic ulcer. In the present work, the new natural compound, 3-methoxydalbergione, was isolated from Viola betonicifolia. A mechanistic study of this compound as a natural urease inhibitor was performed by using enzyme kinetics and docking studies. 3-Methoxydalbergione could be considered as a lead molecule for drugs useful in the urease associated diseases.
Biomimetic Adhesive Materials Containing Cyanoacryl Group for Medical Application
Authors: Jo Sueng , Sohn Jeong
Published: October 2014

For underwater adhesives with biocompatible and more flexible bonds using biomimetic adhesive groups, DOPA-like adhesive molecules were modified with cyanoacrylates to obtain different repeating units and chain length copolymers. The goal of this work is to copy the mechanisms of underwater bonding to create synthetic water-borne underwater medical adhesives through blending of the modified DOPA and a triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) for practical application to repair wet living tissues and bones, and in turn, to use the synthetic adhesives to test mechanistic hypotheses about the natural adhesive. The highest values in stress and modulus of the biomimetic adhesives prepared in wet state were 165 kPa and 33 MPa, respectively.
Retraction: Beltaïef et al. An Expeditious Synthesis of [1,2]Isoxazolidin-5-ones and [1,2]Oxazin-6-ones from Functional Allyl Bromide Derivatives. Molecules 2010, 15, 4094-4101
Authors: Rittman Martyn
Published: October 2014

We have been made aware that the figures, tables, compounds and experimental data reported in the title paper [1] are duplicated in another publication by the same authors [2]. [...]
Ionization States, Cellular Toxicity and Molecular Modeling Studies of Midazolam Complexed with Trimethyl-β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Shityakov Sergey , Sohajda Tamás , Puskás István , Roewer Norbert , Förster Carola , Broscheit Jens-Albert
Published: October 2014

We investigated the ionization profiles for open-ring (OR) and closed-ring (CR) forms of midazolam and drug-binding modes with heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin; TRIMEB) using molecular modeling techniques and quantum mechanics methods. The results indicated that the total net charges for different molecular forms of midazolam tend to be cationic for OR and neutral for CR at physiological pH levels. The thermodynamic calculations demonstrated that CR is less water-soluble than OR, mainly due to the maximal solvation energy (\(\Delta G_{solv}^{CR}\) = −9.98 kcal·mol\(^{−1}\)), which has a minimal \(\Delta G_{solv}^{OR}\) of −67.01 kcal·mol\(^{−1}\). A cell viability assay did not detect any signs of TRIMEB and OR/CR-TRIMEB complex toxicity on the cEND cells after 24 h of incubation in either Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium or in heat-inactivated human serum. The molecular docking studies identified the more flexible OR form of midazolam as being a better binder to TRIMEB with the fluorophenyl ring introduced inside the amphiphilic cavity of the host molecule. The OR binding affinity was confirmed by a minimal Gibbs free energy of binding (\(\Delta G_{bind}\)) value of −5.57 ± 0.02 kcal·mol\(^{−1}\), an equilibrium binding constant (\(K_{b}\)) of 79.89 ± 2.706 μM, and a ligand efficiency index (\(LE_{lig}\)) of −0.21 ± 0.001. Our current data suggest that in order to improve the clinical applications of midazolam via its complexation with trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin to increase drug's overall aqueous solubility, it is important to concern the different forms and ionization states of this anesthetic. All mean values are indicated with their standard deviations.
Consumption of Low-Calorie Sweeteners among U.S. Adults Is Associated with Higher Healthy Eating Index (HEI 2005) Scores and More Physical Activity
Authors: Drewnowski Adam , Rehm Colin
Published: October 2014

The possibility that low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) promote lower quality diets and, therefore, weight gain has been noted as a cause for concern. Data from a representative sample of 22,231 adults were obtained from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2008 NHANES). A single 24-hour recall was used to identify consumers of LCS beverages, foods and tabletop sweeteners. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI 2005) and its multiple subscores. Health behaviors of interest were physical activity, smoking and alcohol use. LCS consumers had higher HEI 2005 scores than did non-consumers, largely explained by better SoFAAS subscores (solid fats, added sugar and alcohol). LCS consumers had better HEI subscores for vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy, but worse subscores for saturated fat and sodium compared to non-consumers. Similar trends were observed for LCS beverages, tabletop LCS and LCS foods. Consumers of LCS were less likely to smoke and were more likely to engage in recreational physical activity. LCS use was associated with higher HEI 2005 scores, lower consumption of empty calories, less smoking and more physical activity.
Resveratrol Based Oral Nutritional Supplement Produces Long-Term Beneficial Effects on Structure and Visual Function in Human Patients
Authors: Richer Stuart , Patel Shana , Sockanathan Shivani , Ulanski Lawrence , Miller Luke , Podella Carla
Published: October 2014

Background: Longevinex® (L/RV) is a low dose hormetic over-the-counter (OTC) oral resveratrol (RV) based matrix of red wine solids, vitamin D3 and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) with established bioavailability, safety, and short-term efficacy against the earliest signs of human atherosclerosis, murine cardiac reperfusion injury, clinical retinal neovascularization, and stem cell survival. We previously reported our short-term findings for dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. Today we report long term (two to three year) clinical efficacy. Methods: We treated three patients including a patient with an AMD treatment resistant variant (polypoidal retinal vasculature disease). We evaluated two clinical measures of ocular structure (fundus autofluorescent imaging and spectral domain optical coherence extended depth choroidal imaging) and qualitatively appraised changes in macular pigment volume. We further evaluated three clinical measures of visual function (Snellen visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and glare recovery to a cone photo-stress stimulus). Results: We observed broad bilateral improvements in ocular structure and function over a long time period, opposite to what might be expected due to aging and the natural progression of the patient’s pathophysiology. No side effects were observed. Conclusions: These three cases demonstrate that application of epigenetics has long-term efficacy against AMD retinal disease, when the retinal specialist has exhausted other therapeutic modalities.
Discretionary Fortification—A Public Health Perspective
Authors: Valerie Tarasuk
Published: October 2014

‘Discretionary fortification’ refers to the addition of vitamins and minerals to foods at the discretion of manufacturers for marketing purposes, but not as part of a planned public health intervention. While the nutrients added may correspond to needs in the population, an examination of novel beverages sold in Toronto supermarkets revealed added nutrients for which there is little or no evidence of inadequacy in the population. This is consistent with the variable effects of manufacturer-driven fortification on nutrient adequacy observed in the US. Nutrient intakes in excess of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are now observed in the context of supplement use and high levels of consumption of fortified foods. Expanding discretionary fortification can only increase nutrient exposures, but any health risks associated with chronically high nutrient loads from fortification and supplementation remain to be discovered. Regulatory bodies are focused on the establishment of safe levels of nutrient addition, but their estimation procedures are fraught with untested assumptions and data limitations. The task of determining the benefits of discretionary fortification is being left to consumers, but the nutrition information available to them is insufficient to allow for differentiation of potentially beneficial fortification from gratuitous nutrient additions.
What do Portuguese Women Prefer Regarding Vaginal Products? Results from a Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey
Authors: Palmeira-de-Oliveira Rita , Duarte Paulo , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Ana , Das Neves José , Amaral Maria , Breitenfeld Luiza , Martinez-de-Oliveira José
Published: October 2014

Therapeutic outcomes of vaginal products depend not only on their ability to deliver drugs to or through the vagina but also on acceptability and correct use. Women’s preferences, in turn, may vary according to age and cultural backgrounds. In this work, an anonymous online survey was completed by 2529 Portuguese women to assess their preferences for physical characteristics and mode of application of vaginal products, according to age. Additionally, intention to use and misconceptions about these issues were assessed. The majority of women of all age groups would use vaginal products to treat or prevent diseases, upon medical prescription. Women preferred vaginal products to be odorless and colorless gels, creams and ointments composed by natural origin drugs/excipients and applied by means of an applicator. Although the majority of women would prefer not to insert any product in the vagina, intention to use for self and recommendation to use for others was associated with previous experiences with vaginal products. General concerns and misconceptions related to use of vaginal products were rare. These data may contribute to the development of products that women are more prone to use.
Assessment of Total Suspended Sediment Distribution under Varying Tidal Conditions in Deep Bay: Initial Results from HJ-1A/1B Satellite CCD Images
Authors: Tian Liqiao , Wai Onyx , Chen Xiaoling , Liu Yaohui , Feng Lian , Li Jian , Huang Jue
Published: October 2014

Using Deep Bay in China as an example, an effective method for the retrieval of total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration using HJ-1A/1B satellite images is proposed. The factors driving the variation of the TSS spatial distribution are also discussed. Two field surveys, conducted on August 29 and October 26, 2012, showed that there was a strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.9623) between field-surveyed OBS (optical backscatter) measurements (5-31NTU) and laboratory-analyzed TSS concentrations (9.89–35.58 mg/L). The COST image-based atmospheric correction procedure and the pseudo-invariant features (PIF) method were combined to remove the atmospheric effects from the total radiance measurements obtained with different CCDs onboard the HJ-1A/1B satellites. Then, a simple and practical retrieval model was established based on the relationship between the satellite-corrected reflectance band ratio of band 3 and band 2 (Rrs3/Rrs2) and in-situ TSS measurements. The R2 of the regression relationship was 0.807, and the mean relative error (MRE) was 12.78%, as determined through in-situ data validation. Finally, the influences of tide cycles, wind factors (direction and speed) and other factors on the variation of the TSS spatial pattern observed from HJ-1A/1B satellite images from September through November of 2008 are discussed. The results show that HJ-1A/1B satellite CCD images can be used to estimate TSS concentrations under different tides in the study area over synoptic scales without using simultaneous in-situ atmospheric parameters and spectrum data. These findings provide strong informational support for numerical simulation studies on the combined influence of tide cycles and other associated hydrologic elements in Deep Bay.
Determination of the Support Level of Local Organizations in a Model Forest Initiative: Do Local Stakeholders Have Willingness to Be Involved in the Model Forest Development?
Authors: Tolunay Ahmet , Türkoglu Türkay , Elbakidze Marine , Angelstam Per
Published: October 2014

Voluntary cooperation and the support of stakeholders carry a major importance in the development of Model Forests. The identification of the support level of local organizations as stakeholders in the Bucak Model Forest initiative, located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, constitutes the theme of this study. Within this scope, the views of the stakeholders comprising local government units (LGUs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), village councils (VCs), professional organizations (POs) and forest products enterprises (FPEs) located in the district of Bucak were collected by utilizing a survey technique. The data were analysed by using non-parametric statistical analyses due to the absence of a normal distribution. The results show that the information provided about the Model Forest concept to the stakeholders located in the district on the Bucak Model Forest initiative was identified as a factor impacting the support level. Moreover, it was also observed that the stakeholders were more willing to provide advisory support rather than financial support. NGOs and VCs were identified as stakeholders who could not provide financial support due to their restricted budgets. We discuss the benefits for a Model Forest initiative of establishing international cooperation to strengthen the local and regional sustainable development process.
Les évolutions récentes de la ségrégation aux États-Unis
Authors: Douzet Frédérick
Published: October 2014

Les évolutions récentes de la ségrégation aux États-Unis — F. Douzet.

Grâce aux lois émanant du mouvement pour les droits civiques, à la progression de la tolérance raciale, à la croissance de la classe moyenne noire, à l'immigration hispanique et asiatique ou encore à l'amélioration générale de l'économie, la population noire semble enfin être sur la voie de la déségrégation aux États-Unis. Constante depuis deux décennies, elle reste cependant très lente comparée à l'ampleur du phénomène et donc largement insuffisante pour éradiquer la forte ségrégation qui continue de toucher les Noirs de façon disproportionnée et affecte désormais également les nouveaux immigrants. La tendance à la ségrégation des immigrants hispaniques et asiatiques est préoccupante mais dans la mesure où les phénomènes d'assimilation spatiale fonctionnent relativement bien pour ces deux groupes, il y a lieu d 'espérer que le phénomène est transitoire et conduira, à terme, vers une plus grande intégration multiethnique. L'homogénéité croissante des zones rurales blanches laisse à penser que des populations blanches s 'installent de plus en plus loin des métropoles à l'abri de la diversité ethno-raciale.
Entre devoir de préserver et droits d'user, compromis territorial sur la côte mégalopolitaine
Authors: Leduc Claire
Published: October 2014

Entre devoir de préserver et droits d'user, compromis territorial sur la côte mégalopolitaine — C. Leduc.

Le Littoral National du Cap Cod inaugura, en 1961, une génération de parcs nationaux de proximité urbaine. Il est exemplaire des difficultés qui entravent la réalisation des objectifs de préservation de tels parcs : pris dans une mosaïque territoriale de propriétés et de juridictions multiples et cernés de communautés en croissance rapide, ils sont exposés à des nuisances externes multiscalaires. De plus, objets d'un tourisme intensif, ils nécessitent un arbitrage spatial et temporel interne délicat entre infrastructures et activités récréatives d'une part et habitats et dynamiques naturelles d'autre part, sous la surveillance des lobbies.
Toronto ou l'émergence d'une nouvelle ville-monde
Authors: Poiret Guillaume
Published: October 2014

Toronto ou l'émergence d'une nouvelle ville-monde — G. Poiret.

La seconde partie du XXe siècle a vu s'installer dans le pays à l'érable la domination d'un nouveau pôle économique concentrant peu à peu la majeure partie des richesses du pays tandis que Montréal, la rivale de toujours et ancienne capitale économique du pays, s'effaçait devant son irrémédiable ascension. Toronto, capitale de l'Ontario affirmait ainsi son potentiel longtemps tenu en sommeil. Cette montée en puissance s'accompagne d'un renouveau architectural et culturel d'une ville qui veut croire que tout lui est permis, même d'égaler New York le lointain modèle américain. Reste qu'à l'heure actuelle, «la grosse pomme canadienne» peine à s'imposer comme pôle incontournable dans le subtil jeu nord américain. De fait, cet article se propose, notamment à travers la mise à disposition d'articles en langue anglaise, de donner un portrait précis d'une ville-monde en devenir au travers d'une présentation de sa diversité ethnique si remarquable, de son rôle économique dans l'espace mondial et nord américain ainsi que d'une analyse plus fine, quartier par quartier, de son dynamisme pour mettre en évidence la spécialisation de ces derniers.
Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells
Authors: Strobel Claudia , Förster Martin , Hilger Ingrid
Published: October 2014

Cerium dioxide (CeO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles are of widespread use in modern life. This means that human beings are markedly exposed to them in their everyday life. Once passing biological barriers, these nanoparticles are expected to interact with endothelial cells, leading to systemic alterations with distinct influences on human health. In the present study we observed the metabolic impact of differently sized CeO2 (8 nm; 35 nm) and SiO2 nanoparticles (117 nm; 315 nm) on immortalized human microvascular (HMEC-1) and primary macrovascular endothelial cells (HUVEC), with particular focus on the CeO2 nanoparticles. The characterization of the CeO2 nanoparticles in cell culture media with varying serum content indicated a steric stabilization of nanoparticles due to interaction with proteins. After cellular uptake, the CeO2 nanoparticles were localized around the nucleus in a ring-shaped manner. The nanoparticles revealed concentration and time, but no size-dependent effects on the cellular adenosine triphosphate levels. HUVEC reacted more sensitively to CeO2 nanoparticle exposure than HMEC-1. This effect was also observed in relation to cytokine release after nanoparticle treatment. The CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited a specific impact on the release of diverse proteins. Namely, a slight trend towards pro-inflammatory effects, a slight pro-thrombotic impact, and an increase of reactive oxygen species after nanoparticle exposure were observed with increasing incubation time. For SiO2 nanoparticles, concentration- and time-dependent effects on the metabolic activity as well as pro-inflammatory reactions were detectable. In general, the effects of the investigated nanoparticles on endothelial cells were rather insignificant, since the alterations on the metabolic cell activity became visible at a nanoparticle concentration that is by far higher than those expected to occur in the in vivo situation (CeO2 nanoparticles: 100 µg/mL; SiO2 nanoparticles: 10 µg/mL).
A reproducible number-based sizing method for pigment-grade titanium dioxide
Authors: Theissmann Ralf , Kluwig Manfred , Koch Thomas
Published: October 2014

A strong demand for reliable characterization methods of particulate materials is triggered by the prospect of forthcoming national and international regulations concerning the classification of nanomaterials. Scientific efforts towards standardized number-based sizing methods have so far been concentrated on model systems, such as spherical gold or silica nanoparticles. However, for industrial particulate materials, which are typically targets of regulatory efforts, characterisation is in most cases complicated by irregular particle shapes, broad size distributions and a strong tendency to agglomeration. Reliable sizing methods that overcome these obstacles, and are practical for industrial use, are still lacking. By using the example of titanium dioxide, this paper shows that both necessities are well met by the sophisticated counting algorithm presented here, which is based on the imaging of polished sections of embedded particles and subsequent automated image analysis. The data presented demonstrate that the typical difficulties of sizing processes are overcome by the proposed method of sample preparation and image analysis. In other words, a robust, reproducible and statistically reliable method is presented, which leads to a number-based size distribution of pigment-grade titanium dioxide, for example, and therefore allows reliable classification of this material according to forthcoming regulations.
A versatile δ-aminolevulinic acid (ΑLA)-cyclodextrin bimodal conjugate-prodrug for PDT applications with the help of intracellular chemistry
Authors: Aggelidou Chrysie , Theodossiou Theodossis A , Gonçalves Antonio Ricardo , Lampropoulou Mariza , Yannakopoulou Konstantina
Published: October 2014

Grafting of δ-aminolevulinic acid (1) moieties on the narrow periphery of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative through hydrolysable bonds was implemented, in order to generate a water-soluble, molecular/drug carrier with the capacity to undergo intracellular transformation into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), an endogenous powerful photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The water-soluble derivative 2 was prepared by esterifying δ-azidolevulinic acid with heptakis(6-hydroxyethylamino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin, with an average degree of substitution, DS = 3. Delivery of water-soluble, colorless 2 to cells resulted in intense red fluorescence registered by confocal microscopy, evidently due to the engagement of the intracellular machinery towards formation of PpIX. Conjugate 2 was further complexed with a fluorescein-labeled model guest molecule which was successfully transported into the cells, thereby demonstrating the bimodal action of the derivative. The present work shows the versatility of CDs in smart applications and constitutes advancement to our previously shown PpIX-β-CD conjugation both in terms of water solubility and lack of aggregation.
Intersubjectivité et visioconsultation
Authors: Haddouk Lise
Published: October 2014

L’article décrit une expérience où la visioconférence a été utilisée pour réaliser des entretiens cliniques. Grâce à un dispositif construit de façon à s’approcher le plus possible du cadre classique, intitulé : visioconsultation, plusieurs entretiens en ligne ont été réalisés avec deux groupes de sujets : certains suivis au préalable dans un cadre classique et d’autres rencontrés en visioconsultation. Les données recueillies ont été analysées en référence aux schèmes interactifs dans leur dimension comportementale, affective et fantasmatique. Le regard a été particulièrement considéré, pour élaborer l’aspect spéculaire de la relation en miroir à travers le transfert et le contre-transfert et ne pas favoriser la captation dans l’image. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent qu’il a été possible de voir émerger la subjectivité du patient et de favoriser l’accès à l’intersubjectivité.
Humour et transitionnalité
Authors: Tancray Jérémy
Published: October 2014

Replaçant le processus humoristique dans la famille des phénomènes transitionnels, ce travail propose de parcourir des sentiers théorico-cliniques laissés ouverts par D.W. Winnicott. L’humour est présenté comme le destin rebelle de l’illusion primaire, ce qui en fait un instrument très affûté pour lutter contre les empiétements du surmoi et de la réalité extérieure. Mais s’il investit l’espace transitionnel comme une base de repli stratégique, il est aussi une création originale susceptible de désenclaver le fonctionnement psychique. Ces propriétés mutatives sont-elles applicables au travail psychothérapique ? C’est là tout l’enjeu de la discussion clinique autour du réaménagement défensif de Samir.
Un séisme familial
Authors: Queiroz Paulo
Published: October 2014

L’annonce de l’homosexualité d’un enfant est fréquemment vécue par les parents comme une sorte de séisme provoquant colère, culpabilité et incompréhension alors que pour l’homosexuel lui-même, après des années de souffrance et de mensonge, le coming out peut être d’une grande libération. Comment aider les parents confrontés à cette expérience douloureuse et traumatique à vaincre leurs préjugés ? Comment réinstaurer le dialogue pour qu’il soit constructif ? L’époque nous convie à penser, à la suite de Freud et de Lacan et avec les puissants outils qu’ils ont mis à notre disposition, ce qui fait le nerf de l’homophobie. Que nous apprend la psychanalyse au sujet de l’homosexualité ?
Expérience homosexuelle et parenté Des relations familiales contrastées
Authors: Courduriès Jérôme
Published: October 2014

Cet article examine, du point de vue de l’anthropologie, la nature des relations que les personnes homosexuelles entretiennent aujourd’hui avec les membres de leur parenté, point encore assez obscur des travaux en sciences sociales menés sur l’homosexualité. Il s’appuie sur des enquêtes menées entre 2000 et 2011 auprès de cinquante-neuf hommes gays en couple et de jeunes adultes gays et lesbiennes en rupture familiale. Les données révèlent que, une fois levé le secret longtemps imposé sur leur orientation sexuelle, le plus souvent les relations des hommes en couple se redéploient avec leurs apparentés. Dans le même temps, des jeunes homosexuel(le)s souffrent encore de l’exclusion familiale du fait de leur orientation sexuelle. Illustré de quelques cas, l’article montre que les relations entretenues par les homosexuel(le)s avec leurs apparentés sont en réalité très contrastées.
Le héros virtuel comme révélateur de fantasmes archaïques à l'adolescence
Authors: Vlachopoulou Xanthie , Haddouk Lise , Houssier Florian , Missonnier Sylvain
Published: October 2014

La figure du héros ne se limite plus à celle du héros mythique ; le héros virtuel en constitue désormais une transformation contemporaine pour occuper cette fonction dans la vie fantasmatique des adolescents. Mais ces deux héros recouvrent-ils les mêmes enjeux internes ? À travers l’analyse d’un cas lié à une recherche clinique, l’article propose d’explorer l’investissement de l’avatar héroïque au centre du processus d’adolescence, au moyen de trois axes : l’effervescence pulsionnelle, la conflictualité narcissico-objectale et la problématique de perte. Ce qui ressort de la comparaison par analogie entre l’investissement libidinal des héros antique et virtuel relève de l’écart qui s’instaure dans cette situation clinique entre imaginer être un héros et alimenter virtuellement le fantasme mégalomaniaque d’être le héros.
Adolescence et ménopause
Authors: Lebrun Caroline
Published: October 2014

Adolescence et ménopause, résultant toutes deux d’événements biologiques, imposent un travail à la psyché et, comme toute nouveauté, peuvent convoquer l’angoisse. Pour l’une il s’agit d’intégrer un organe, une fonction en plus, pour l’autre de vivre la perte de cette même fonction. Adolescence et ménopause sont interrogées à la lumière des deux théories de l’angoisse freudienne et de l’ouverture à la question du narcissisme, de la perte d’objet. La ménopause pourrait-elle, comme l’adolescence, acquérir un statut de modèle permettant de penser la question de la perte pour les deux sexes ?
Se sacrifier pour exister
Authors: Peretti Pascale
Published: October 2014

Alors que le champ des maladies héréditaires demeure encore assez peu investi par les psychologues cliniciens français, dès lors qu’est écartée toute causalité psychogénétique, l’article interroge ici l’impact psycho-identitaire de telles pathologies sur les sujets qui en souffrent et sur leur entourage, du point de vue des réaménagements identificatoires et défensifs qui s’ensuivent. À travers l’étude de cas de madame L., confrontée à l’expérience d’un handicap familial, il questionne les articulations entre transmission génétique et transmission psychique négative. Il s’agit notamment de comprendre comment cette patiente peut se réinscrire dans une filiation dont elle se sent exclue, au prix de l’endossement d’une identité sacrificielle. Laquelle pourrait participer d’une métadéfense familiale visant à éviter le deuil des imagos parentales idéalisées.
Un espace familial indexé au sentiment
Authors: Neyrand Gérard
Published: October 2014

Le recentrage de la conjugalité sur le lien amoureux a rendu d’autant plus fragile le couple que l’enfant peut être vécu comme un concurrent et que la régulation des tensions par le dialogue trouve un obstacle dans le désir de masquer des sentiments ambivalents ou hostiles afin de préserver tant la fonction de réassurance narcissique du couple que sa dimension fusionnelle. Ce qui ne va pas sans risque de retour de ce refoulé dans le fonctionnement familial. Celui-ci peut être mis à mal, lorsque l’autre échoue à satisfaire une demande excessive de réassurance personnelle. Le conjoint frustré est alors parfois tenté de chercher auprès de l’enfant le support de sa réalisation personnelle. Dans un tel contexte de promotion sociale d’un individualisme affectif exacerbé, le recours à un tiers régulateur est parfois une nécessité pour parvenir à sortir de la spirale menant à l’ultramoderne solitude, celle du néolibéralisme des sentiments.
Clinique d'un couple formé de deux ex
Authors: Husser Anne
Published: October 2014

Quand on s’est déjà séparé une fois d’un premier conjoint par un divorce et que l’on est à nouveau massivement en proie à une crise conflictuelle dans le couple que l’on a formé avec un autre partenaire au point que la question de la séparation se profile à nouveau, que se passe-t-il au juste dans ou pour « le couple », doublement entendu ici comme un appareil intrapsychique et groupal, selon Kaës ? Question difficile s’il en est, mais d’une acuité sans précédent à l’heure où la recomposition familiale est entrée dans les mœurs. Cet article ne prétend pas répondre stricto sensu à la question posée, mais vise à partager une réflexion analytique qui s’ancre dans la pensée de Michel de M’Uzan au sujet de la répétition du même et de celle de l’identique , autour d’un suivi clinique de trois ans (fréquence bimensuelle) avec un couple recomposé reçu dans un cadre associatif, où ce sont deux ex qui constituent l’entité conjugale. Une peur, immémoriale et hargneuse, se répète en séance avec l’analyste.
Exil et nostalgie, un lien consubstantiel
Authors: Waintrater Régine
Published: October 2014

La nostalgie est cet état psychique qui se tient quelque part entre le deuil, la dépression et la mélancolie, avec lesquels on la confond souvent. Définie très tôt comme la maladie de l’exilé, la nostalgie est un pharmakon , à la fois baume et poison pour celui qui s’y adonne. À partir des écrits de Jean Améry, survivant de la Shoah, et de sa propre expérience auprès des survivants du génocide rwandais, l’auteur, psychanalyste, distingue ici deux positions face à la nostalgie : la position nostalgique et l’évitement, toutes deux à l’origine d’états pathologiques qui peuvent conduire à la mélancolie, voire au suicide.
Les enjeux de la transmission mère-enfant dans les maternités précoces à La Réunion
Authors: Goulois David
Published: October 2014

Les grossesses précoces sur l’île de La Réunion sont quatre fois plus nombreuses qu’en France métropolitaine. L’article reprend ici une étude ethnopsychanalytique sur six familles qui s’intéresse à l’impact de ces maternités sur le fonctionnement psychique des enfants issus de ces grossesses. Il s’avère que transgénérationnellement la relation mère-enfant est fusionnelle, consécutivement à une angoisse d’abandon et à un fort besoin affectif maternel. De fait, l’enfant développe un sentiment d’insécurité psychique, présente des symptômes dépressifs et anxieux. Il apparaît également que mère et enfant possèdent un faux self ou tout du moins un défaut de spontanéité, une immaturité affective, se manifestant chez ces derniers par un repli sur soi ou inversement des tendances mégalomaniaques. L’article s’interroge sur la spécificité réunionnaise, l’héritage historique, le contexte culturel, pouvant expliquer l’ampleur ici de ce phénomène.