bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis
Authors: Pár Gabriella , Horváth Gábor , Pár Alajos
Published: July 2013

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the hepatic manifestations of metabolic syndrome with close association with inzulin resistance and obesity, are the most common liver diseases, affecting up to a third of the population worldwide. They confer increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma as well as cardiovascular diseases. The review aims to summarize advances in epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Besides liver biopsy and biomarkers, a novel non-invasive diagnostic tool the called “controlled attenuation parameter” measuring the attenuation of ultrasound generated by the transient elastography transducer, can quantitatively assess the hepatic fat content and differentiate between steatosis grades. At the same time, liver stiffness (fibrosis) can also be evaluated. The authors present their own results obtained with the latter procedure. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the lifestyle intervention, weight loss, diet and exercise supported by cognitive behavioural therapy represent the basis of management. Components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and arterial hypertension) have to be treated. Although there is no approved pharmacological therapy for NASH, it seems that long lasting administration of vitamin E in association with high dose ursodeoxycholic acid may be beneficial. In addition, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid substitution can also decrease liver fat, however, the optimal dose is not known yet. Further controlled clinical studies are warranted to establish the real value of any suggested treatment modalities for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, although these are in experimental phase yet. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1124–1134.
Unfavourable laboratory results and hepatic disorders in pregnancy: causes and consequences
Authors: Nemesánszky Elemér
Published: July 2013

The well-known normal ranges of laboratory parameters are altered due to the broad spectrum of physiological changes as well as proinflammatory and procoagulant effects of pregnancy. Hepatic disorders of any aetiology can cause potential problems during gravidity. Most frequently toxic-effects, hepatotrop viruses (such as hepatitis B and C), metabolic syndrome and diseases with autoimmune background can be observed. When dealing with “pregnancy-specific hepatic syndromes”, it is very important to consider the „timing-factors” of pathologic changes and deterioration of clinical pictures as well. Due to the progress in cholestasis management, early termination of pregnancy can be avoided in many cases. As the overlap is really broad between various hepatic disorders, a multidisciplinary cooperation of different sub-disciplines is emphasized in order to achieve proper diagnosis and curative measures at early phase. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1135–1141.
Characteristics in treatment organization of chronic hepatitis in Hungary: Hepatitis Registry and Priority Index
Authors: Makara Mihály , Horváth Gábor , Szalay Ferenc , Tornai István , Hunyady Béla
Published: July 2013

Hepatitis Registry was developed by the Hepatology Section of the Hungarian Gastroenterology Society with the contribution of the Foundation for Liver Patients. The main task was to register all interferon based treatments of chronic hepatitis C and B and to facilitate the preauthorization process. The registry helped to clarify the number and characteristics of hepatitis C patients waiting for triple therapy; 3000 previously failed patients are still eligible for protease inhibitor therapy, 40% of them already developed cirrhosis stage and 40% are null responders to the previous therapy. As a file is created for treatment authorization, the system counts automatically the Priority Index according to the calculation set in the guideline. Priority Index reflects the urgency of treatment. The most prominent parameter of the Index is the degree of fibrosis, but it also takes into account the progression rate, prognostic factors, and special situations. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1151–1155.
Synthesis of Urethane Base Composite Materials with Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Monje Anayansi Estrada , Reséndiz J. Roberto Herrera
Published: July 2013

The antimicrobial properties of polymer materials are used in a verity of applications. Silver nanoparticles are commonly applied to polyurethane foams to obtain antifungal properties. For this study a series of nanocomposites (PU–Ag) from a urethane-type polymer (PU) were reinforced with various amounts of silver nanoparticles having an average size of 20 nm. The surface morphology and antifungal capacity of the nanocomposites were evaluated. As a result, a different surface morphology from PU was found in PU–Ag nanocomposites. The latter nanocomposite showed enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, when compared with the PU without silver nanoaprticles. The nanocomposite also exhibited good antifungal properties that can be used in a variety of applications.
Field Dependent Carrier Transport Mechanisms in Metal-Insulator–Metal Devices with Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/ ZrO2 Heterostructured Thin Films as the Dielectric
Authors: Sahoo Santosh K. , Bakhru H. , Kumar Sumit , Misra D. , Wolden Colin A. , Mohapatra Y. N. , Agrawal D. C.
Published: July 2013

Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/ZrO2 heterostructured thin films with different individual layer ZrO2 thicknesses are deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by a sol-gel process. The current versus voltage (I-V) measurements of the above multilayered thin films in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) device structures are taken in the temperature range of 310 to 410K. The electrical conduction mechanisms contributing to the leakage current at different field regions have been studied in this work. Various models are used to know the different conduction mechanisms responsible for the leakage current in these devices. It is observed that Poole-Frenkel mechanism is the dominant conduction process in the high field region with deep electron trap energy levels (φt) whereas space charge limited current (SCLC) mechanism is contributing to the leakage current in the medium field region with shallow electron trap levels (Et). Also, it is seen that Ohmic conduction process is the dominant mechanism in the low field region having activation energy (Ea) for the electrons. The estimated trap level energy varies from 0.2 to 1.31 eV for deep level traps and from 0.08 to 0.18 eV for shallow level traps whereas the activation energy for electrons in ohmic conduction process varies from 0.05 to 0.17 eV with the increase of ZrO2 sub layer thickness. An energy band diagram is given to explain the dominance of the various leakage mechanisms in different field regions for these heterostructured thin films.
Thin Films Made from Colloidal Antimony Tin Oxide Nanoparticles for Transparent Conductive Applications
Authors: Halim Abigail , Gerhardt Rosario A.
Published: July 2013

Commercially available antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles were dispersed in water using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as a dispersing agent and deposited onto glass substrates by spin coating. Films of one to five layers were made. These thin films were characterized using impedance spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy to obtain their sheet resistances and optical transmittance, respectively. The films displayed sheet resistances around 105-106 kΩ/☐ and optical transmittance in the near infrared to near ultraviolet range above 95%. Films were then made using a higher concentration ATO solution and found to achieve sheet resistances on the order of 102 kΩ/☐ but had decreased transmittance as low as 65% at some wavelengths. Impedance measurements, along with optical micrographs, were taken at different locations on the films. These experiments demonstrated that films of more than one layer showed greater uniformity. Additional sets of films were also produced with varying substrate preparation and dispersion deposition parameters. Aside from dispersion concentration, high humidity during film measurement was found to be the most crucial parameter for achieving low sheet resistances.
Yield QTL analysis of Oryza sativa x O. glumaepatula introgression lines
Authors: Rangel Priscila Nascimento , Vianello Rosana Pereira , Melo Arthur Tavares Oliveira , Rangel Paulo Hideo Nakano , Mendonça João Antônio , Brondani Claudio
Published: July 2013

The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield performance of two generations (BC2F2 and BC2F9) of introgression lines developed from the interspecific cross between Oryza sativa and O. glumaepatula, and to identify the SSR markers associated to yield. The wild accession RS‑16 (O. glumaepatula) was used as donor parent in the backcross with the high yielding cultivar Cica‑8 (O. sativa). A set of 114 BC2F1 introgression lines was genotyped with 141 polymorphic SSR loci distributed across the whole rice genome. Molecular analysis showed that in average 22% of the O. glumaepatula genome was introgressed into BC2F1 generation. Nine BC2F9 introgression lines had a significantly higher yield than the genitor Cica‑8, thus showing a positive genome interaction among cultivated rice and the wild O. glumaepatula. Seven QTL were identified in the overall BC2F2, with one marker interval (4879‑EST20) of great effect on yield. The alleles with positive effect on yield came from the cultivated parent Cica‑8.
Crescimento e produção de plantios comerciais de eucalipto estimados por duas categorias de modelos
Authors: Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Soares Carlos Pedro Boechat , Martins Fabrina Bolzan , Leite Helio Garcia
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar duas categorias de modelos de crescimento e produção em plantios comerciais de eucalipto. Para isso, foram ajustados um modelo de crescimento e produção para povoamento e outro para árvore individual, por meio de equações simultâneas e redes neurais artificiais, respectivamente. O volume de madeira por área foi estimado em diferentes idades e classes de produtividade. Foram avaliados dados de 63 parcelas permanentes de plantios clonais, não desbastados, do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla, com os dados de 33 parcelas utilizados para o ajuste do modelo e o treinamento das redes neurais, e os das 30 parcelas restantes, para a validação dos modelos. As duas categorias de modelos ajustaram-se bem aos dados observados. No entanto, na validação dos modelos com dados independentes, o volume de madeira por área foi mais bem estimado com o modelo para árvore individual.
Estoques e frações de carbono orgânico em Latossolo Amarelo submetido a diferentes sistemas de manejo
Authors: Campos Liliane Pereira , Leite Luiz Fernando Carvalho , Maciel Giovana Alcântara , Brasil Elisvânia Lima , Iwata Bruna de Freitas
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os efeitos de sistemas de manejo do solo sobre os estoques e as frações de carbono orgânico de um Latossolo Amarelo, no cerrado do Piauí. Foram avaliados os sistemas: plantio convencional por três anos; plantio direto por três e cinco anos, com uso de milheto como cultivo de cobertura; e plantio direto por nove anos, dos quais sete com uso de milheto e dois com forrageira (Urochloa brizantha). Utilizou-se área de cerrado nativo como referência. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nos períodos chuvoso e seco, das camadas de 0,00-0,05, 0,05-0,10, 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m, para determinação de: estoques e totais de carbono orgânico e nitrogênio; teores de substâncias húmicas; e índice de humificação. Na camada de 0,00-0,05 m, em ambos os períodos, foram observados os maiores teores de carbono no solo sob cerrado. No entanto, nos dois períodos e nas quatro profundidades, verificaram-se os maiores estoques de carbono e nitrogênio bem como os maiores teores de substâncias húmicas nos solos sob plantio direto por cinco e nove anos. Os maiores índices de humificação também foram observados nesses solos, no período seco. O plantio direto, associado ao uso de cultivos de cobertura, diminui a mineralização da matéria orgânica do solo, estoca carbono no solo em profundidade e favorece o sequestro de carbono em áreas do cerrado do Piauí.
Perfilhamento em pastagens de azevém em sucessão a soja ou milho, sob diferentes métodos e intensidades de pastejo
Authors: Barth Neto Armindo , Carvalho Paulo César de Faccio , Lemaire Gilles , Sbrissia André Fischer , Canto Marcos Weber do , Savian Jean Victor , Amaral Glaucia Azevedo do , Bremm Carolina
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade populacional de perfilhos, a massa de forragem, o padrão populacional de perfilhamento e o índice de estabilidade de pastagens de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum) estabelecidas após os cultivos de soja ou milho, submetidas a diferentes métodos e intensidades de pastejo por cordeiros. Foram avaliados os métodos de pastejo rotativo e contínuo, sob as intensidades moderada (oferta de forragem correspondente a 2,5 vezes o potencial de consumo de cordeiros) e baixa (correspondente a 5,0 vezes). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x2x2, com quatro repetições. As avaliações foram feitas mensalmente, entre agosto e outubro de 2010, durante a fase de pastejo. A densidade populacional de perfilhos apresentou diferenças significativas para métodos e intensidades de pastejo, e foi maior na área previamente cultivada com soja. As maiores massas de forragem foram observadas em pastagens subsequentes à soja e com baixa intensidade de pastejo, enquanto as menores, nas pastagens subsequentes ao milho e com moderada intensidade de pastejo. No período de florescimento, a densidade de perfilhos reduziu-se e suas massas individuais aumentaram. A intensidade de pastejo moderada reduz o percentual de perfilhos florescidos. A redução da densidade de perfilhos durante o florescimento não compromete o índice de estabilidade do pasto.
Substituição do fubá de milho por gérmen integral de milho na dieta de ovinos
Authors: Silva Emmanuelle Cordeiro da , Ferreira Marcelo de Andrade , Véras Antonia Sherlânea Chaves , Bispo Safira Valença , Conceição Maria Gabriela da , Siqueira Michelle Christina Bernardo de , Salla Luciane Elisete , Souza Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do fubá de milho pelo gérmen integral de milho, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes na dieta e sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de ovinos Santa Inês. Quarenta animais, com peso inicial de 17,0±2,5 kg, foram confinados em baias individuais, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições. As taxas de substituição foram: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. Ao abate, foram obtidos os pesos de carcaça quente e de trato digestivo cheio e vazio, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e o rendimento de cortes comerciais. A substituição do fubá de milho pelo gérmen integral reduziu linearmente o consumo de matéria seca e os coeficientes de digestibilidade de: matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e extrato etéreo. A conversão alimentar não foi afetada pelos tratamentos. O ganho médio diário, o peso vivo final, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura e os rendimentos de carcaça quente e de cortes comerciais diminuíram linearmente com o aumento nos níveis de substituição. A substituição do fubá de milho pelo gérmen integral de milho, nas dietas de ovinos, prejudica o desempenho e as características de carcaça dos animais.
The Podzol Hydrosequence of Itaguaré (São Paulo, Brazil). 2. Soil Organic Matter Chemistry by Pyrolysis‐Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Buurman Peter , Vidal-Torrado Pablo , Lopes Josiane Millani
Published: July 2013

A Late Pleistocene to Holocene hydrosequence of podzols in the coastal plain of São Paulo (Brazil), of which the macromorphology was described previously, was investigated by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Differences in chemical composition of organic matter (OM) coincided very well with the morphological interpretation of these profiles with respect to drainage conditions, origin of OM, and decomposition. OM in B‐horizons of poorly‐drained profiles has a signature of dissolved organic matter (DOM), while that of well‐drained profiles indicates root‐derived material. Bands that, according to their morphology, were attributed to DOM have different signature within the profiles, reflecting DOM origin. The EB horizons of poorly‐drained profiles show a selective decay of B‐horizon material, resulting in a relative accumulation of aliphatics in poorly drained profiles. In the EB horizons of the well‐drained profiles, however, significant amounts of microbial products were accumulated and poly‐aromatic compounds were the most stable. This has not been described for temperate podzols. Factor analysis suggests that local differences in vegetation are responsible for about 50% of the total chemical variation in pyrolysates, whereas source, transport, and decomposition in the profile account for the other half. The results underline that OM composition of podzol horizons is strongly dependent on hydrological conditions, resulting in divergent soil organic matter (SOM) properties between soils from different landscape contexts. Nonetheless, there is a comprehensible relation between SOM fingerprints of horizons within one profile. Finally, changes in OM composition at horizon transitions provide insight into the podzolization process.
Challenges to cooperation on water utilisation in the Southern Africa region
Authors: Redelinghuys Nola , Pelser André J.
Published: July 2013

Transboundary water relations in Southern Africa are governed by an elaborate and intricate policy framework. In spite of this framework, the future of sustained cooperation on water utilisation in the region is still precarious and uncertain. Some subtle and unresolved dilemmas that may constrain future cooperation need to be dealt with. Two of these underlying dilemmas, namely the importance attached to national sovereignty and the strategic nature of water in the region, are explored in this article. These dilemmas form critical undercurrents that steer nations away from cooperation, cause stagnation in policy implementation and hamper progress in facilitating sustained solutions in transboundary water issues. Stemming from this background, this article argues for (a) the importance of a stronger regional perspective on water to steer countries away from the need to protect sovereign interests and (b) addressing the nature of current power relations in the region where water is concerned.
Household participation in community-based rural water supply systems: experience from Kerala, India
Authors: Nisha K. R.
Published: July 2013

This study identifies the factors which influence user participation in community-based rural water supply schemes in north Kerala, using primary data. To capture the rate of participation, two forms of indices were constructed: one to measure attendance in group meetings, and the other to measure their influence on decisions. The relative importance of factors such as locality, group and household characteristics that affect participation were analysed using linear regression models. Of the three sets of factors, it was found that household characteristics were the most influential. The analysis shows that males actively participated in group meetings. Level of education and involvement of households in other local organizations were the other major factors affecting participation.
Using economic and other performance measures to evaluate a municipal drought plan
Authors: Yates David N. , Lavin Felipe Vásquez , Purkey David P. , Guerrero Santiago , Hanemann Michael , Sieber Jack
Published: July 2013

This paper explores the welfare costs associated with drought plan transactions between a public municipal water agency, the El Dorado Irrigation District (EID) in California in the USA and its customers. The EID imposes a tiered pricing plan for municipal customers, which was analyzed as a discrete continuous choice (DCC) model by water users within a climate driven water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model of the EID water system. The DCC is subsequently used to estimate the compensating variation (CV) measure of the loss of consumer welfare in the case where a customer does not receive water that matches a preferred level of demand. In addition to monetized welfare loss, we look at other metrics of performance such as reservoir storage and hydropower generation. For the drought-of-record under full build-out, results show that the welfare loss to EID customers from the imposed drought plan is far less than if no drought plan were in place. This suggests that current consumption is well beyond essential needs and, without a drought plan, water shortages in the later period of a drought would generate a much greater welfare loss. Most of the cost associated with the drought plan is born by EID in the form of reduced revenues.
Synthesis, spectral, dna binding and cleavage properties of ruthenium(II) Schiff base complexes containing PPh3/AsPh3 as co-ligands
Authors: Sathiyaraj Subbaiyan , Ayyannan Ganesan , Jayabalakrishnan Chinnasamy
Published: July 2013

A dihydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff base ligands (L1-L3) and its ruthenium(II)
complexes, have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental
analysis, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, mass spectra, UV-vis and IR spectra. The binding
of ruthenium(II) complexes have been investigated by UV-vis absorption
spectroscopy. The experiment reveals that all the compounds can bind to DNA
through an electrostatic mode and intrinsic binding constant (Kb) has been
estimated under similar set of experimental conditions. Absorption spectral
study indicate that the ruthenium(II) complexes has intrinsic binding
constant in the range of 1.6-8.6 X 104 M-1. The complex [Ru(CO)(PPh3)2(L3)]
bind more strongly than that of the other complexes. In addition, DNA
cleavage property were tested for all ruthenium(II) complexes.
Economic crisis impact on international financial institutions: The necessity for reforms
Authors: Petrovic Pero , Jovic Zeljko
Published: July 2013

The emergence and deepening of the global economic crisis is reflected in
large part on the functioning of international financial institutions and
their current structure. The long-term financial crisis has placed demands
for decisive reform moves in the functioning and structure of the IMF, the
World Bank Group and other global and regional financial institutions. This
means that so far, the results of their policies have been inadequate and
that their role is subject to critical observation finding an efficient
performance of financial markets. The crisis has imposed the need to reform
international financial institutions and the new global financial
architecture. Changes in structure and their functioning should lead to the
global economic stability. Members of the Euro zone are faced with a new
attitude towards the international financial institutions and the
International Monetary Fund, in particular. The proclaimed missions of the
International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are clearly separated in
theory, but with the passing of time, their activities have become
increasingly intertwined, so that they often include a name - international
financial institutions.
Money laundering problem: Responsibility of financial institutions
Authors: Fijat Ljiljana
Published: July 2013

The subject of this article is a specific problem in banking management -
money laundering and financial institutions? responsibility. Namely, at the
beginning of the century, we were witnesses of global increase in money
laundering. A lot of money earned by money laundering destroys the basic
principles of economic activities. It is also a big threat to the financial
institutions? integrity making successful management impossible. Fundamental
problems are as follows: ?grey economy?, offshore countries and their
financial institutions, corruption and alternative systems of transferring
money. Therefore, their significance is emphasized in this article. All
these dealings lead to general misuse of the financial systems. The
connection between money laundering and financial terrorism is also
considered. Terrorists? needs can be classified to direct expenses connected
to specific operations and to bigger organizing expenses for certain
terrorist organizations as well as for the infrastructure maintenance in
order to support the organization and promote the ideology of the particular
terrorist organization. Money laundering can be used for these kinds of
terrorist criminal activities. Some examples of misuse of banks, which were
condemned for criminal acts, are also presented.
Recent progress on synthesis of ceramics core/shell nanostructures
Authors: Srdic Vladimir , Mojic Bojana , Nikolic Milan , Ognjanovic Stevan
Published: July 2013

Thin surface layers on fine particles were found to substantially change
their functionalities and properties, such as chemical reactivity, thermal
stability, catalytic activity, dispersibility, or optical, magnetic and
electronic properties. Because of that, the core/shell nanostructures have
opened up research opportunities in almost all areas of science and
engineering, including medicine, catalysis, biotechnology, chemistry, optics,
electronics, energy storage, etc. Immense efforts have been implied to
produce and investigate different core/ shell systems, and thereby, various
synthesis techniques have been developed. In this review, we report a
detailed overview of different synthesis techniques used for preparation of
various ceramics core/shell nanostructures with tunable size and tailored
structure.
Structural and electromechanical study of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 solid-solutions
Authors: Parija Biswanath , Badapanda Tanmaya , Sahoo Pratap , Kar Manoranjan , Kumar Pawan , Panigrahi Simanchalo
Published: July 2013

Solid solution of (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBaTiO3 have been synthesized via
conventional solid-state reaction route. Structural changes of the
solid-solutions were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, Rietveld
refinement Raman spectroscopy and piezoelectric studies. X-ray diffraction
analysis shows a distinct 002/200 peak splitting appearing at x = 0.07
showing the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phase. Raman
spectroscopy shows a splitting of (TO3) mode at x = 0.07 confirming the
presence of the morphotropic phase boundary region. The dominant bands in the
Raman spectra are analyzed by observing the changes in their respective peak
positions, widths and intensities as the x increases. The piezoelectric
properties of the solid solution increase with rise in BaTiO3 content and
shows optimum value at x = 0.07 owing to the co-existence of two
ferroelectric phases. Based on these results, it is suggested that the
morphotropic phase boundary in the studied system lies in the composition x =
0.07.
Piezoelectric, impedance, electric modulus and AC conductivity studies on (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.95Ba0.05TiO3 ceramic
Authors: Roy Ansu , Prasad Kamal , Prasad Ashutosh
Published: July 2013

Lead-free piezoelectric perovskite ceramic (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.95Ba0.05TiO3
(BNT-BT0.05), prepared by conventional high temperature solid state reaction
technique at 1160?C/3h in air atmosphere, is investigated by impedance and
modulus spectroscopy in a temperature range 35-400?C, over a frequency range
100 Hz-1 MHz. The crystal structure, microstructure, and piezoelectric
properties as well as the AC conductivity of the sample were studied. Powder
X-ray diffraction pattern derived from the resulting data at the room
temperature subjected to Rietveld refinements and Williamson-Hall plot
analysis confirmed the formation of phase pure compound with monoclinic unit
cells having a crystallite-size ~33.8 nm. Observed SEM micrograph showed a
uniform distribution of grains inside the sample having an average grain size
~3 mm. Longitudinal piezoelectric charge coefficient of the sample poled
under a DC electric field of ~ 2.5 kV/mm at 80?C in a silicone oil bath was
found to be equal to 95 pC/N. The frequency and temperature dependent
electrical data analyzed in the framework of AC conductivity, complex
impedance as well as electric modulus formalisms showed negative temperature
coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character of the material and the dielectric
relaxation in the material to be of non-Debye type. Double power law for the
frequency-dependence of AC conductivity and Jump Relaxation Model (JRM) were
found to explain successfully the mechanism of charge transport in
BNT-BT0.05.
Determination of the Ca/P ratio in calcium phosphates during the precipitation of hydroxyapatite using X-ray diffractometry
Authors: Zyman Zoltan , Rokhmistrov Dmytro , Loza Kateryna
Published: July 2013

The applicability of the X-ray powder diffraction method to the determination
of phase composition and Ca/P ratio in precipitates during the nitrous wet
synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) has been shown. The plotted dependences of
the phase composition and the Ca/P ratio on the synthesis time can be used as
initial data for the development of new and simple processing routes of
calcium phosphate ceramics based on HA of any desired composition.
Evaluation of root canal obturation using gas permeability method
Authors: Matovic Ivan , Teodorovic Nevenka , Marjanovic Marina
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Prognosis of root canal treatment is highly dependent on the
quality of endodontic space obturation. The main task of successful root
canal treatment is to achieve adequate reparation processes in the apical
periodontium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of root canal
obturation using the method of gas (argon) penetration through three
different endodontic materials. Material and Methods. Thirty recently
extracted human single-rooted teeth after root canal instrumentation were
divided into three identical groups and obturated with three different
endodontic materials: group I - GuttaFlow (RSA, Germany), group II - AH Plus
(DeTray, Germany), group III - Acroseal (Septodont, France). The quality of
root canal obturation was evaluated using the method of gas permeability.
Results. The best results were obtained with GuttaFlow. The average
penetration rate of argon was 186.7 seconds. Slightly higher gas porosity had
AH Plus, 179.9 seconds, while the highest gas permeability was observed after
the application of Acroseal, 178.5 seconds. However, there was no
statistically significant difference in gas penetration among these
endodontic materials (p>0.05). Conclusion. All three endodontic materials
showed gas permeability in a given time interval. The best quality of
obturation was achieved with GuttaFlow, while the lowest quality was obtained
with Acroseal.
Aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Jankovic Svjetlana , Ivanovic Mirjana , Davidovic Bojana , Lecic Jelena
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Teeth hypomineralization that involves molars only, or molars
and incisors is known as disease Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH).
Aetiology of MIH is not known, however, factors responsible for this disease
are present in the first year of life. The aim of this research was to
identify possible aetiological factors responsible for the occurrence of this
disease. Material and Methods. The study included eight years old children
from the municipality of Foca. Parents who gave their consent for the
participation of children in the study completed a questionnaire in which
they listed aetiological factors described in the literature to be
responsible for the emergence of hypomineralization. Modified DDE index
(Modified DDE Index for Use in Epidemiological Surveys) was used to estimate
hypomineralization on all teeth; however, MIH changes were classified
separately. Results. More than ninety different factors may be responsible
for enamel defects. Possible aetiological factors listed in the literature
are: premature birth, low weight of newborns, hypoxia, metabolic disorder of
calcium and phosphate, fever, genetic factors, etc. Results did not confirm
statistical significance for any of examined aetiological factors.
Conclusion. In this study a retrospective analysis of data was performed.
Etiological factors of MIH were identified but the most responsible for MIH
were not determined.
Dentofacial changes after treatment with prefabricated functional appliance T4CII
Authors: Aleksic Ema , Lalic Maja , Milic Jasmina , Gajic Mihajlo , Stojanovic Zdenka
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Functional maxillary orthodontics has a large number of
different mobile devices with different effects on craniomandibular system
and great capabilities in solving many orthodontic problems. The aim of this
article was to show the effects of 9-month treatment of malocclusion class
II, division 1 in a 14-year-old female patient using pre-fabricated
functional appliance Trainer T4CII. Case Outline. Skeletal distal relation,
deep bite, increased overjet, narrowness and irregular position of upper and
lower frontal teeth are indicated for orthodontic treatment with fixed
appliance. After refusal of fixed appliance therapy, a female patient was
proposed treatment with mobile orthodontic appliance. A pre-fabricated
functional appliance Trainer T4CII was delivered to the patient. She was
motivated and she was wearing appliance at night and 2-3 hours during the
day. After 9 months of treatment there was a significant improvement in the
position of upper and lower frontal teeth and reshaping of upper and lower
dental arch, yet overbite and overjet were corrected. Conclusion.
Surprisingly good and fast improvement of all problems within class II,
division 1 in a 14-year-old patient was achieved with prefabricated
functional appliance Trainer T4CII.
Pulp revascularization of an immature permanent tooth with apical periodontitis: A case report
Authors: Makkar Sameer , Kaler Nisha , Mann Navjot
Published: July 2013

The present case report analyzes the outcome of revascularization treatment
of an immature permanent tooth with necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis.
The canal was disinfected with copious irrigation and application of triple
antibiotic paste. After the disinfection protocol was completed, apical
bleeding was induced in the canal resulting in the formation of a blood clot.
An absorbable scaffold was placed over it followed by an adequate triple
coronal seal. After nine months follow-up, increased thickening of dentinal
walls with intact lamina dura and complete apical closure was reported
radiographically. Therefore, revascularization therapy could be recommended
as an alternative treatment option.
Multiverse and topology of time
Authors: Jevtic Vladimir
Published: July 2013

Modern cosmological theories like theory of eternal chaotic inflation or
cosmological model of brane universe, which represent implication of modern
string theory, imply existence of ensemble of actual universes which create
so-called multivers. Implication of this theories are of the great importance
for philosophy of time. This paper concern topology of time in context of
existence of the multiverse. We will show that topology of time in such
multiverse, whose particular universes would be generated due to eternal
chaotic inflation, should be non-standard and that in the case of existence
of multiverse only model which include topology of brenching time should be
acceptable like real description of multiverse. Moreover, we will show that,
the existence of hypothetical entities like Kerr`s rotating black holes, also
represent necessary and sufficient condition of branching spacetime in such
multiverse.
Romantische Unmitelbarkeit
Authors: Prole Dragan
Published: July 2013

Im ersten Teil des Artikels stellt der Verfasser die
Unergr?ndlichkeit des Vorurteils dar, dass die romantische ?sthetik an der
M?glichkeit der Ver?nderung der bestehenden Realit?t nicht interessiert ist.
Die Funktion der Fragment-Vielfalt fr?her Romantiker ?ber die Folgen von
Arbeitsteilung, Toleranz, Ehe, Freundschaft, Frieden, Gerechtigkeit,
Geschichte, Verarmung des kulturellen Lebens usw., war das Erm?glichen eines
Hinausschreitens ausserhalb der Eigenheit, eine Unterst?tzung f?r die
Verbindung pers?nlicher Subjektivit?t und dem Ph?nomen eines objektiven
Geistes zu bieten, vereinzelter Reflexionen ?ber das Selbst und die F?rderung
des kulturellen Lebens. Der zweite Teil er?rtert Hegels Kritik ?ber die
romantische Unmittelbarkeit und besteht darauf zu zeigen, dass wir neben
einer ausdr?cklichen Kritik des Romantismus auch von einer ?indirekten?
Kritik Hegels reden k?nnen. Diese ist im ersten Teil der Ph?nomenologie des
Geistes pr?sentiert, was die Notwendigkeit beweist, dass konzeptionelle
Gestalten unterschiedlicher Formen der Unmittelbarkeit erkannt werden m?ssen.
Zum Schlu? des Artikels wurden Schwierigkeiten analysiert, wegen welchen der
Romantismus Hegels Zugang zur Unmittelbarkeit nicht anerkennen kann, wobei
der Begriff der romantischen Unmittelbarkeit als ma?gebender Wegweiser f?r
die Entdeckung der Paradoxie des gesamten romantischen Projekts
gekennzeichnet wurde.
Plato’s theory of arts and education: Role of dialogue in education for philosophy
Authors: Popovic Una
Published: July 2013

The main idea of this paper is to show how Plato?s theory of arts can be
analyzed in view of poetic character of his dialogues, that is, how can this
poetic character be confirmed against Plato?s critique of arts. This poetic
character of Plato?s dialogues is considered as a kind of methodically guided
strategy, which is intended to help in the initial turn from the immediate,
natural understanding of the world to the true philosophical knowledge.
Plato?s analysis of arts is thus revealed out of perspective of its theory,
but also considering its practice.
RLC electrical circuit of non-integer order
Authors: Gómez Francisco , Rosales Juan , Guía Manuel
Published: July 2013

In this work a fractional differential equation for the electrical RLC circuit is studied. The order of the derivative being considered is 0 < γ ≤ 1. To keep the dimensionality of the physical quantities R, L and C an auxiliary parameter γ is introduced. This parameter characterizes the existence of fractional components in the system. It is shown that there is a relation between and σ through the physical parameters RLC of the circuit. Due to this relation, the analytical solution is given in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function depending on the order of the fractional differential equation.
Recent progress in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wolfgang Christopher L. , Herman Joseph M. , Laheru Daniel A. , Klein Alison P. , Erdek Michael A. , Fishman Elliot K. , Hruban Ralph H.
Published: July 2013

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

Pancreatic cancer is currently one of the deadliest of the solid malignancies. However, surgery to resect neoplasms of the pancreas is safer and less invasive than ever, novel drug combinations have been shown to improve survival, advances in radiation therapy have resulted in less toxicity, and enormous strides have been made in the understanding of the fundamental genetics of pancreatic cancer. These advances provide hope but they also increase the complexity of caring for patients. It is clear that multidisciplinary care that provides comprehensive and coordinated evaluation and treatment is the most effective way to manage patients with pancreatic cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:318‐348. ©2013 American Cancer Society.
Early integration of palliative care services with standard oncology care for patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Greer Joseph A. , Jackson Vicki A. , Meier Diane E. , Temel Jennifer S.
Published: July 2013

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

Scientific advances in novel cancer therapeutics have led to remarkable changes in oncology practice and longer lives for patients diagnosed with incurable malignancies. However, the myriad options for treatment have established a culture of cancer care that has not been matched with a similar availability of efficacious supportive care interventions aimed at relieving debilitating symptoms due to progressive disease and treatment side effects. Accumulating data show that the introduction of palliative care services at the time of diagnosis of advanced cancer leads to meaningful improvement in the experiences of patients and family caregivers by emphasizing symptom management, quality of life, and treatment planning. In this review article, the rationale and evidence base for this model of early palliative care services integrated into standard oncology care are presented. In addition, the implications and limitations of the existing data to 1) elucidate the mechanisms by which early palliative care benefits patients and families; 2) guide the dissemination and application of this model in outpatient settings; and 3) inform health care policy regarding the delivery of high‐quality, cost‐effective, and comprehensive cancer care are discussed. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:349‐363. © 2013 American Cancer Society, Inc.
A Power Load Distribution Algorithm to Optimize Data Center Electrical Flow
Authors: Ferreira João , Callou Gustavo , Maciel Paulo
Published: July 2013

Energy consumption is a matter of common concern in the world today. Research demonstrates that as a consequence of the constantly evolving and expanding field of information technology, data centers are now major consumers of electrical energy. Such high electrical energy consumption emphasizes the issues of sustainability and cost. Against this background, the present paper proposes a power load distribution algorithm (PLDA) to optimize energy distribution of data center power infrastructures. The PLDA, which is based on the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm, is supported by an environment called ASTRO, capable of performing the integrated evaluation of dependability, cost and sustainability. More specifically, the PLDA optimizes the flow distribution of the energy flow model (EFM). EFMs are responsible for estimating sustainability and cost issues of data center infrastructures without crossing the restrictions of the power capacity that each device can provide (power system) or extract (cooling system). Additionally, a case study is presented that analyzed seven data center power architectures. Significant results were observed, achieving a reduction in power consumption of up to 15.5%.
Acetylene Black/Sulfur Composites Synthesized by a Solution Evaporation Concentration Crystallization Method and Their Electrochemical Properties for Li/S Batteries
Authors: Tan Haibo , Wang Shengping , Tao Du , Yang Zhigao
Published: July 2013

A novel technique to prepare carbon/sulfur composites as cathode materials for Li/S batteries is proposed, which we call the ‘solution evaporation concentration crystallization’ method. Three composites with different S loadings were prepared, subject to two different solvent evaporation rates from acetylene black (AB)/sulfur in carbon disulfide solutions. X-ray diffraction, environmental scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements all show that the porous AB structure is well-filled with S. Composites prepared at a lower solvent evaporation rate with 50 wt % S content, had good electrochemical properties, with 1609.67 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Composites with better dispersibility at a low solvent evaporation rate can effectively prevent polysulfide from dissolving in the electrolyte, and serve to stabilize the structure of the S cathode during the charge-discharge process.
Assessing the Impact of a School Intervention to Promote Students’ Knowledge and Practices on Correct Antibiotic Use
Authors: Azevedo Maria-Manuel , Pinheiro Céline , Yaphe John , Baltazar Fátima
Published: July 2013

The clinical efficacy of antibiotics depends on their correct use. Widespread ignorance and inappropriate attitudes to antibiotic use have been identified among consumers. In order to improve the knowledge of middle-school students on antibiotics and their correct use, 82 ninth-grade students were enrolled in a teaching activity. The teaching activity consisted of a slide show presentation followed by discussion in a regular class. To evaluate the impact of the teaching activity the students were asked to answer a questionnaire before and after the activity. This study aimed: (1) to evaluate knowledge on the use of antibiotics in students of two schools in the north of Portugal and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of the school intervention in improving students’ knowledge on correct antibiotic use. We found lack of knowledge among students regarding antibiotic spectra and indications and incorrect attitudes in the pre-test. Significant increases in knowledge were observed after implementation of the teaching activity. Knowledge of the correct use of antibiotics for bacterial diseases rather than viral diseases rose from 43% to 76% in the post-test (p < 0.01). Knowledge of the risk of bacterial resistance to antibiotics from their incorrect use rose from 48% to 74% in the post-test (p < 0.05). We believe that it is important to reinforce the teaching activities on microbiology and antibiotic use at the middle school level.
Parathyrsoidins A–D, Four New Sesquiterpenoids from the Soft Coral Paralemnalia thyrsoides
Authors: Tseng Yen-Ju , Lee Yu-Sheng , Wang Shang-Kwei , Sheu Jyh-Horng , Duh Chang-Yih
Published: July 2013

Four new nardosinane-type sesquiterpenoids, parathyrsoidins A–D (1–4) were isolated from the soft coral Paralemnalia thyrsoides. The structures of parathyrsoidins A–D (1–4) were determined by extensive spectral analysis and their cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines as well as antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were evaluated in vitro.
Morphology and Metal Binding Characteristics of a Natural Polymer—Kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium) Gum
Authors: Vinod V. , Sashidhar R. , Černík Miroslav
Published: July 2013

Kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium) gum (KG), a natural tree exudate, was investigated for its morphological, adsorption and metal interaction behavior with various toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Fe). SEM, AFM and TEM techniques were used to study the morphological changes occurring after metal adsorption onto the biopolymer structure. The degree of biosorption of metals on KG biopolymer surfaces was assessed by small-angle X-ray scattering analysis. EDXA spectrum revealed that the ion-exchange mechanism plays a major role in the binding process between KG and metal ions. The higher electron density observed in the KG-Cd complex suggests that Cd is strongly bound to KG compared to the other metals. This work provides a potential platform for developing a hydrocolloid-based nanogel for bioremediation of environmental contaminants.