bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The theoretical approaches for calculation of the vertical effective pressure of drop impact of artificial rain on soil and hard surface
Authors: S.V. Bryl , M.S. Zverkov
Published: July 2019

The article considers the problem of calculating the vertical effective pressure drops of artificial rain on soil and hard surfaces. It is noted that the problem of determining the effective vertical pressure p of rain drops on soil although it is difficult, however, has a solution using Newton’s laws. This issue V.V. Slastenin, G. and A.P. Isaev, V.M. Moskovkin and V.F. gahs, etc., and N scientists. Erowyn S. , M.B. Lebedev, V.I., Gorodnichev, etc. proposed different approaches for determining the pressure p in terms of land reclamation (artificial irrigation). These issues dealt with and foreign researchers. Selected according to, according to the authors, the most suitable for the study of impact of the drops of artificial rain with the help of the patented device, and also to compare the obtained results with those of researchers dealing with the drip of erosion and determining the impact performance characteristics of droplets on a solid surface.
VALUES ORIENTED LEADERSHIP – CONCEPTUALIZATION AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Lašáková Anna , Bajzíková Ľubica , Blahunková Ivana
Published: July 2019

The paper builds on the current trend in scholarly literature that reflects leadership from an ethical perspective. It introduces a new conceptualization of the values oriented leadership (VOL) and based on results of a pilot study, it informs on the level of VOL in the Slovak business environment and on systematic differences in VOL related to multiple individual and organizational factors. Contrary to the literature, results show that the VOL does not differ substantially between female and male leaders. Furthermore, this study adds to the current leadership ethics research also in that it includes two rarely investigated factors – the “length of leader-follower cooperation” and the “frequency of leader-follower interaction”. Both show an effect on the perceived VOL level; the theorized positive correlation with the frequency of leader-follower interaction is confirmed, nevertheless, somewhat surprisingly, results imply that the length of leader-follower cooperation affects negatively leader’s perceived ethicality at work. This study proves also differences in VOL based on regional company location and company size, with leaders in small companies rated significantly lower in VOL than leaders in large companies. The difference in VOL between leaders in Slovak-owned and foreign-owned companies is not established. Yet, compared to the private sector, this study confirms significantly lower VOL in the state-owned companies.
BioDATA: Biodiversity data mobilisation and data publication training in Eurasia
Authors: Endresen Dag , Abrahamyan Armine , Mirzorakhimov Akobir , Melikyan Andreas , Verstraete Brecht , Schigel Dmitry , Makeyeva Elena , De Boer Hugo , Russell Laura , Shashkov Maxim , Mamadalieva Mukhabbatkhon , Ivanova Natalya , Voronova Nina , Borodin Oleg , Prylutskyi Oleh , Tykarski Piotr , Johaadien Rukaya
Published: July 2019

BioDATA (Biodiversity Data for Internationalisation in Higher Education) is an international project to develop and deliver biodiversity data training for undergraduate and postgraduate students from Armenia, Belarus, Tajikistan, and Ukraine. By training early career (student) biodiversity scholars, we aim at turning the current academic and education biodiversity landscape into a more open-data-friendly one. Professional practitioners (researchers, museum curators, and collection managers involved in data publishing) from each country were also invited to join the project as assistant teachers (mentors). The project is developed by the Research School in Biosystematics - ForBio and the Norwegian GBIF-node, both at the Natural History Museum of the University of Oslo in collaboration with the Secretariat of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and partners from each of the target countries. The teaching material is based on the GBIF curriculum for data mobilization and all students will have the opportunity to gain the respective GBIF certification. All materials are made freely available for reuse and even in this very early phase of the project, we have already seen the first successful reuse of teaching materials among the project partners. The first BioDATA training event was organized in Minsk (Belarus) in February 2019 with the objective to train a minimum of four mentors from each target country. The mentor-trainees from this event will help us to teach the course to students in their home country together with teachers from the project team. BioDATA mentors will have the opportunity to gain GBIF certification as expert mentors which will open opportunities to contribute to future training events in the larger GBIF network. The BioDATA training events for the students will take place in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) in June 2019, in Minsk (Belarus) in November 2019, in Yerevan (Armenia) in April 2020, and in Kiev (Ukraine) in October 2020. Students from each country are invited to express their interest to participate by contacting their national project partner. We will close the project with a final symposium at the University of Oslo in March 2021. The project is funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (DIKU).
Call a spade a spade: taxonomy and distribution of Pelobates, with description of a new Balkan endemic
Authors: Dufresnes Christophe , Strachinis Ilias , Tzoras Elias , Litvinchuk Spartak N. , Denoël Mathieu
Published: July 2019

The genomic era contributes to update the taxonomy of many debated terrestrial vertebrates. In an accompanying work, we provided a comprehensive molecular assessment of spadefoot toads (Pelobates) using genomic data. Our results call for taxonomic updates in this group. First, nuclear phylogenomics confirmed the species-level divergence between the IberianP.cultripesand its Moroccan relativeP.varaldii. Second, we inferred thatP.fuscusandP.vespertinus, considered subspecies until recently, feature partial reproductive isolation and thus deserve a specific level. Third, we evidenced cryptic speciation and diversification among deeply diverged lineages collectively known asPelobatessyriacus. Populations from the Near East correspond to the Eastern spadefoot toadP.syriacussensu stricto, which is represented by two subspecies, one in the Levant (P.s.syriacus) and the other in the rest of the range (P.s.boettgeri). Populations from southeastern Europe correspond to the Balkan spadefoot toad,P.balcanicus. Based on genetic evidence, this species is also polytypic: the nominalP.b.balcanicusinhabits the Balkan Peninsula; a new subspeciesP.b.chloeaessp. nov.appears endemic to the Peloponnese. In this paper, we provide an updated overview of the taxonomy and distribution of all extantPelobatestaxa and describeP.b.chloeaessp. nov.
A new species of Linan Hlaváč (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from Shenzhen, China
Authors: Zhao Qing-Hao , Xu Wang , Yin Zi-Wei
Published: July 2019

A new Chinese species of the genus Linan Hlaváč, 2003, L.qiniangmontissp. nov., is described based on two male and three female specimens from sifted leaf litter samples at Qiniang Mountain, Shenzhen City, Guangdong. The species can be readily recognized and separated from all congeners based on the forms of the male antennae, the metaventral processes, and the aedeagus.
Sensorialité, sensualité, affect : la genèse de l’éprouvé de manque
Authors: Chervet Bernard
Published: July 2019

L’émergence à la conscience des représentations et des éprouvés ne suivent pas les mêmes voies d’élaboration. Les investissements pulsionnels de la perception sensorielle participent à installer, par une régression formelle à partir du langage, la double inscription, inconscient-préconscient, des représentations. Les ressentis sensuels et érogènes, les affects, émotions et sentiments adviennent directement par conversion, pour les uns, des investissements sexuels d’organe par régression sensuelle en lien avec le langage, pour les autres, des investissements propres au travail de renoncement fondateur de l’éprouvé de manque. Tous ces ressentis ne disposent pas comme les représentations d’un pôle latent. Les mots qui les désignent sont en contact direct avec le processus de conversion, ce qui leur confère une sensibilité et une intensité corporelle très différente de celles des représentations.
La contribution d’un nourrisson au féminin joyeux lors d’une intervention psychanalytique périnatale
Authors: Thomson-Salo Frances , Hacker Anne-Lise
Published: July 2019

L’auteure se propose d’examiner la contribution du bébé au féminin en rapprochant la psychanalyse et la santé mentale clinique du nourrisson. Elle relie ces perspectives ainsi que celles issues des neurosciences avec la description d’une approche intersubjective en psychothérapie brève périnatale impliquant parent et nourrisson.
Les liens précoces d’emprise et leur élaboration en thérapie de l’enfant
Authors: Mazéas Dominique
Published: July 2019

En clinique de l’enfant, l’élaboration des liens d’emprise précoces et étouffants implique souvent de travailler en présence des protagonistes. L’analyse du matériel tiré de la psychothérapie d’un enfant de 7 ans sert d’appui dans cet article pour penser combien la restauration d’une malléabilité dans les échanges passe déjà par l’apparition d’un espace pour son émergence. Le contre-transfert est alors mobilisé pour affiner au mieux un travail sur l’éprouvé de contenance du patient dont le motif des poupées russes peut être une voie de figuration privilégiée. Représentant d’un possible enchâssement de points de vue, l’investissement par l’enfant de ce motif des poupées russes soutient souvent l’émergence d’une première forme de différenciation d’avec l’autre et l’intériorisation d’une succession d’enveloppes contenantes. Le travail de symbolisation et de dégagement de l’éprouvé d’emprise s’en trouve favorisé au bénéfice de la création d’un espace ressenti comme personnel par l’enfant.
L’analyste et son avatar
Authors: Nassikas Kostas
Published: July 2019

L’auteur présente ici une réflexion clinique sur les dimensions que prennent dans la cure les relations virtuelles. Abordant la question de l’empathie, revenue dans le débat psychanalytique actuel, il la situe du côté d’un protolangage intersubjectif que la modernité tenterait de coder. Freud, qui n’ignorait pas la question, conseillait aux analystes de s’en tenir à distance et d’être plutôt à l’« écoute » des « traces d’affect » que le transfert déploie en lien avec la nost-algie (douleur) de l’objet perdu présent, négativement, dans la situation analytique.
L’après-coup et le temps mêlé. Scansion, césure et douleur
Authors: Chervet Bernard
Published: July 2019

L’oscillation des investissements objectaux et narcissiques masque l’intermittence de la genèse des investissements libidinaux. Psyché est intermittente, n’en sait rien. Le procès de l’après-coup répond à l’attraction régressive de l’atemporalité, et exige l’installation de l’intemporalité afin de promouvoir le désir. Les qualités psychiques éprouvées au cours de sa réalisation, la joie des retrouvailles, la douleur de la retenue et l’espoir d’une satisfaction sont dénommées présent, passé et avenir.
Anamorphoses et Atemporalité dans l’œuvre de Proust
Authors: Denis Anne , Capiaux Jean
Published: July 2019

L’auteur, résistant à l’emprise d’un œuvre « pieuvre », a démasqué l’anamorphose de toutes les fonctions psychiques et somatiques que l’œuvre proustienne a décrite avec talent et précision et y voit, comme le titre de Proust le suggère, l’effet d’une psyché (dont l’emblème est le panorama) privée de ce point de fuite que la temporalité originaire apporte normalement avec le narcissisme. Le journal clinique latent se dessine en tant qu’autre scène de l’écriture.
Perception Versus Reality: The Use of Teach Back by Medical Residents
Authors: Feinberg Iris , Ogrodnick Michelle M. , Hendrick Robert C. , Bates Kimberly , Johnson Kevin , Wang Bingyan
Published: July 2019

Background:

Health care providers (HCPs) may ask patients if they understand their diagnosis or instructions during clinic visits; patients often simply say yes. However, many patients leave with little idea of their medication and discharge instructions. Teach Back (TB) is a patient-centered health-literate technique that allows HCPs to confirm patient understanding during clinic visits.

Objective:

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine a relationship between perception and actual use of TB by medical residents in primary care outpatient clinics (providers,
N
= 16; clinic visits,
N
= 80) and, if the observed rate of TB was discordant with perception, did a TB skills training intervention have any impact on use of TB (clinic visit,
N
= 78). We were also interested in language used during TB and if use of TB was related to patient demographics or health literacy level.

Methods:

Medical residents' perception was measured using the “Always Use Teach-Back Confidence and Conviction Scale” (
N
= 16). Clinic visits were audiotaped and scored for use of TB (pre-intervention,
N
= 80; post-intervention,
N
=78). The intervention was a 1-hour TB skills training course. Content analysis was performed to understand the use of TB language.

Key Results:

Despite the high level of confidence/conviction about TB (
r
[16] = .669,
p
<. 05) TB was only used twice out of 80 visits during pre-intervention clinic visits. During post-intervention, use of TB increased to 41 times by 10 residents (c2[1,
N
= 16] = 6.533,
p
<. 05). TB language after the intervention was more collaborative; there was a relationship between gender and use of TB.

Conclusion:

Results from our pilot study identified three important observations that may be critical to improving health-literate physician communication: residents believe they are using TB in the clinic for many patients; use of TB was discordantly low at 2.5%; and a single 1-hour skills training intervention dramatically increased TB use to 53%. Residents used patient-centered TB language after the training intervention.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(2):e117–e126.]

Plain Language Summary:

Medical residents believe they are using Teach Back to confirm patient understanding in the clinic 60% of the time when they actually used Teach Back only 2.5% of the time. After an educational intervention, they used Teach Back 53% of the time; Teach-Back language was collaborative and patient-centered, and all but two patients confirmed their medication and discharge plan.
Conferencias Aranguren ¿Fin de la intimidad? La (im)posibilidad de un mundo sin párpados. Ensayo sobre la intimidad conectada
Authors: Zafra Remedios
Published: July 2019

“Lo terrorífico del animal de ojos duros (…) es que ve todo el tiempo” (Derrida). No extraña que la pregunta por el fin de la intimidad se active en una época de conexión permanente, ojos-pantalla y sobreexposición generalizada. Si las subjetividades modernas se construyeron mirando a un lugar interior, hoy se deriva hacia la “exteriorización del yo”. Como efecto, las personalidades tienden a mercantilizarse y lo privado no se representa, se expone. En la cultura-red los clásicos ámbitos de relación se diluyen en una esfera público-privada hipervisible, reduciendo a su menor expresión los tiempos de intimidad y como ciudadanos. Sin embargo, entre las amenazas para el sujeto humanista la alianza feminista se ve reforzada por este escenario donde lo personal político puede ser público y compartido. Las lecturas críticas señalan una discontinuidad histórica y cultural en el control sobre la visibilización del ámbito más personal y privado que oscila entre la voluntad propia de publicar lo íntimo y la presión del tecnoliberalismo por gestionarla, por dominar el párpado.
El dolor de los otros y su expresión dramática: fenomenología y performance
Authors: Escribano Xavier , Trilles-Calvo Karina P.
Published: July 2019

El propósito del siguiente artículo consiste en elucidar algunos aspectos de la dinámica intersubjetiva de la expresión y el reconocimiento del dolor ajeno. Para ello se ha acudido a la noción artística de encarnación, presente en la tradición teatral moderna del realismo psicológico, en contraposición con su reinterpretación contemporánea en el arte de acción o performance. Mientras que en el primer caso la encarnación escénica del dolor remite a la encarnación de un personaje doliente, que implica un proceso de descorporización, la encarnación performativa del dolor puede definirse, a la inversa, como un proceso de corporización de la vulnerabilidad. De la descripción y contraste de ambas propuestas dramáticas surgen interesantes consideraciones acerca de los posibles desajustes o desconexiones en el circuito intersubjetivo del dolor, así como también una comprensión de la retórica del dolor como estrategia de comunicación en la sociedad hipertecnológica.
El dolor y la imaginación, dos vivencias en los límites de la conciencia
Authors: Pedragosa Pau
Published: July 2019

Desarrollamos un análisis comparativo de las vivencias del dolor físico y de la imaginación desde la perspectiva fenomenológica. Partimos de la hipótesis de que ambas vivencias forman los estados límite de la vida consciente. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar las características esenciales de dichas vivencias y para ello seguimos los textos más relevantes de la tradición fenomenológica, especialmente los de Husserl y Sartre. Los de Husserl dedicados al cuerpo vivido y a las sensaciones táctiles, por un lado, y los dedicados a la conciencia de imagen y a la fantasía, por el otro, son totalmente imprescindibles, y los complementamos con los de Sartre dedicados a la imaginación. Recurrimos también a estudios fenomenológicos actuales sobre ambas vivencias. En primer lugar describiremos la vivencia del dolor físico como una auto-afección que en casos de dolor severo destruye el fundamento de la constitución de sentido que es el cuerpo vivido. En segundo lugar, describiremos la imaginación (o fantasía) como la reproducción de una experiencia posible. La conciencia como auto-afección es opuesta a la conciencia como reproducción de modo que, efectivamente, ambas forman los limites extremos de la conciencia humana como subjetividad encarnada.
Engaños en el percibir afectivo del dolor
Authors: Fernández Beites Pilar
Published: July 2019

Este artículo estudia las variaciones del “percibir afectivo” (Fühlen) del dolor, al que denominamos “dolorsentimiento” por ofrecernos la “cara valorativa” del “dolor-sensación”. En él consideramos el percibir afectivo del dolor como un acto cognoscitivo, de modo que sus variaciones constituyen estrictos “engaños (Täuschungen) afectivos”, que, a nivel formal, podrían ir desde el sufrir por exceso hasta la indiferencia o el disfrute. Pero el artículo defiende que, en realidad, los únicos engaños que se producen de hecho son engaños por exceso, en los que el dolor se sufre más de lo debido (engaños ligados al hedonismo). Y el disfrute del dolor o la indiferencia, que se dan respectivamente en el masoquismo y en las leucotomías prefrontales, se sitúan ya en el ámbito de las “respuestas afectivas” al dolor, que en el artículo se distinguen con claridad del nivel previo del percibir afectivo. A su vez, las variaciones del percibir afectivo se diferencian de las variaciones del “umbral del dolor-sensación”, estudiadas desde la psicofísica.
Atención y sufrimiento: una aproximación fenomenológica
Authors: Mena Malet Patricio
Published: July 2019

Este artículo se propone interrogar la relación entre sufrimiento y atención desde una perspectiva fenomenológica. A partir de este análisis intentaremos clarificar el fenómeno del sufrimiento mismo. Un fenómeno singular que ocurre de acuerdo a una saturación particular como un acontecimiento personal y dramático, y que puede ser experienciado en tanto que se impone irreversible e irrevocable. Así, cada una de estas notas constitutivas del sufrimiento revelarán la transformación y transmutación que este producen despliegue de nuestra atención, afectando la propia relación con nosotros mismos, con los otros y con el mundo. Este camino interrogativo toma su impulso desde las caracterizaciones ricoeurianas del sufrimiento, entendido por el filósofo francés como la forma más vivas de consciencia de sí.
„Der Schmerz war, der er war“. Tortura y teorización del dolor en Jean Améry
Authors: Fernández López José Antonio
Published: July 2019

Jean Améry, superviviente de la Shoá, experimentará durante dos décadas la clausura de la palabra, como consecuencia traumática de la violencia y la tortura padecidas. Desde mediados de los años sesenta hasta su muerte, Améry se ocupará ensayística y literariamente de la destrucción infligida a él. Su empresa narrativa será el esfuerzo titánico por subvertir el “topos de inaplicabilidad”, asociado con el recuerdo del dolor extremo, determinante para su condición de víctima, mediante la palabra. una palabra capaz de devolverle –siempre de modo parcial y subsidiario– la condición de sujeto. Sin embargo, la experiencia del dolor será inaprehensible, subsumida por el tiempo en la etérea forma de una abstracción. La memoria se revela a Améry como incapaz frente a la substancia del dolor, tan solo asequible a recurrentes escenas de penosa claridad para la visión.
Ignacio de Loyola y las lenguas en la Europa del siglo XVI (1491-1556)
Authors: De Castro Valdés José García
Published: July 2019

Son todavía escasos los estudios acerca de los escritos y el lenguaje de Ignacio de Loyola (1491-1556). Algunos de los artículos publicados defienden posturas muy diferentes y hasta contradictorias acerca, por ejemplo, de cuál fue la lengua materna de Ignacio o cuál era el conocimiento y manejo que tenía de las diversas lenguas que se fue encontrando a lo largo de su vida. Tras mostrar su importante afición por las letras, la escritura y la lectura, este artículo repasa y critica brevemente los estudios en torno al lenguaje ignaciano y analiza detenidamente el conocimiento que Ignacio de Loyola adquirió de cada una de las lenguas con las que entró en contacto: castellano, vasco, catalán, italiano, latín y francés.
El zancarrón de Mahoma: un chiste antiislámico en Lope de Vega
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Antonio
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo examina un persistente chiste antiislámico que recorre la literatura del Siglo de Oro: la idea de que los musulmanes adoraban en la Meca un hueso amojamado de Mahoma que mantenían flotando por medio de unos imanes. Tras presentar los orígenes de la noticia, la rastreamos en la obra dramática de Lope de Vega, en la que estudiamos los usos que le dio el Fénix al motivo.
Training for English-Medium Instruction in French Higher Education: Keeping Pronunciation in Focus
Authors: Henderson Alice
Published: July 2019

English-Medium Instruction (EMI) is spreading in French higher education and this paper argues that appropriate support for teachers willing to teach their subject in English should focus on both language and content, and on the pedagogical specificities of combining the two. More specifically, I argue that the pronunciation component of any such training must go beyond improving a teacher’s intelligibility. Training in the specificities of spoken English – for both teachers and students, as interchangeable speakers and listeners – should aim to improve two things: attitudes toward variation of spoken language and awareness of the cognitive impact of foreign-accented speech (FAS) (speech which exhibits acoustic features from a speaker’s mother tongue(s)). In this paper, I start by describing pronunciation as a subject in English language teacher training in the English-speaking world and second language pronunciation as an international research field. This is followed by a brief description of EMI teacher training in France and the presentation of a few key findings of research into the social and cognitive impact of FAS. I then outline what is involved for both listeners and speakers, if we want to modify their attitudes to spoken language variation and to improve their cognitive comfort in processing FAS. Example training exercises are outlined, and in the conclusion a greater role is advocated for English language teachers within the internationalisation of French higher education.
Architectured Multi-Metallic Structures Prepared by Cold Dynamic Spray Deposition
Authors: Dlouhý Ivo , Rehorek Lukas , Seiner Hanuš , Čížek Jan , Šiška Filip
Published: July 2019

The architectured metallic materials are a class of composite materials that combines two or more metals/alloys with a specific spatial ordering (architecture). The main goal behind the preparation of such materials is to obtain properties that are not achievable by a single material. The internal architecture thus creates an extra degree of freedom in materials design. Based on theoretical considerations three aluminum alloy structures containing square, triangle and sinusoidal iron beam patterns have been prepared by a cold spray deposition technique. Strength properties difference and good bonding of the reinforcing Fe structure to the Al matrix has been found to be important for effective improvement of final properties. Incorporating about 30 vol. % structured iron beams into the Al matrix resulted in a macroscopic performance of the architectured multimaterial similar to Ti alloys.
Enhanced Disintegration of Silicon Particles due to their Mutual Impact Caused by Ultrasonic Cavitation Bubbles
Authors: Bednář Jiří , Mančík Pavel , Svoboda Ladislav , Dvorsky Richard
Published: July 2019

Fast development of nanotechnology leads to the top-down preparation of nanoparticles by various disintegration techniques taking a major part in the industrial sector. A very promising way seems to be the use of cavitation implosions. In our approach, the main mechanism of this type of disintegration is based on mutual collisions of solid microparticles in dense dispersions, powered by implosions of vapour cavitation bubbles generated between the particles.This paper presents experimental results of the disintegration of silicon microparticles to the sub-micron scale. In our experiments, the primary silicon particles of mean size of 5927 nm were reduced to 160 nm and 736 nm by the ultrasonic disintegration process after 240 minutes and at the ultrasonic frequency of 32 kHz. We also present a phenomenological model of particles erosive disintegration where particle fragments are approximated by spheres of equivalent volume. This model allows us to calculate the energy needed for successful disintegration of primary microparticles by measuring the particle size distribution. Thus, we can estimate the minimal energy conserved in the cavitation bubble alongside with its radius at a normal pressure of the surrounding liquid.
Cyclic Plastic Properties of a Lead Free Solder
Authors: Antoš Daniel , Halama Radim , Bartecký Matěj
Published: July 2019

This paper shows some cyclic plastic properties of the lead free solder alloy Sn-3.5Ag-0.75 under fully reversed cyclic torsional loading. The low-cycle fatigue behavior of the material was evaluated too. The lead free solder material reveals a strong strain rate effect. A viscoplastic model was implemented into a commercial finite element program and calibrated using data from literature to can be used for simulations of all performed tests in a future work.
Stress Distribution in Front of the Crack - Analytical Solutions vs. Numerical. Can the Differences be Minimized?
Authors: Neimitz Andrzej , Lipiec Sebastian
Published: July 2019

It is shown that it is possible to obtain such material parameters as α and Q, which, when used in the analytical formulae proposed by Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren and O’Dowd and Shih, can lead to stress distributions similar to those obtained numerically (except for the region at the immediate crack front). The numerical solution obtained after calibration of the stress-strain uniaxial curve and assuming large strains is expected to be close to the “"real” stress distribution. Thus, the analytical solution is also close to the “real” stress distribution. These new values of α and Q can now be used in fracture criteria proposed within the scope of classical nonlinear fracture mechanics.
Microstructure Evolution in Belt-Casted Strip of Grain Oriented Electrical Steel
Authors: Vodárek Vlastimil , Reip Carl Peter , Volodarskaja Anastasia
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with the formation and decomposition of Widmanstätten austenite during solidification of the thin belt-casted strip made of a grain oriented electrical steel (GOES). Solidification of liquid steel starts with the formation of d-ferrite. Cooling in the delta + gama phase field results in the formation of a small fraction of Widmanstätten austenite by displacive transformation accompanied by carbon partition. Widmanstätten austenite laths have an orientation relationship with the ferrite grain into which they grow. Furthermore, they form a flat low energy interface along the ferrite grain boundary. In order to minimize the interfacial energy, ferrite grain boundaries in the vicinity of flat austenite/ferrite interface facets are forced to migrate which results in straightening of these grain boundaries. If parallel Widmanstätten austenite laths form in two adjacent ferrite grains, zig–zag ferrite grain boundaries arise. Precipitation of sulphides along ferrite/austenite interfaces make it possible to study the early stages of austenite decomposition under the delta + gama phase field. It starts with the formation of epitaxial ferrite accompanied by further partitioning of carbon into remaining austenite. The growth of epitaxial ferrite into the flat ferrite/austenite interface facets along ferrite grain boundaries results in a wavy shape of these ferrite grain boundaries. Finally austenite transforms either to pearlite or to plate martensite.
DUCTILITY RESPONSE OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS
Authors: Natarajan Eswari
Published: July 2019

Abstract: The effect of fibre content on the Strength and ductility behaviour of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC) beams having different fibre volume fractions was investigated. The parameters of this investigation included service load, ultimate load, service load deflection, ultimate load deflection, crack width, deflection ductility and energy ductility. The fibre volume fraction (Vf) ranged from 0.0 to 2.0 percent. Steel and polyolefin fibres were combined in different proportions and their impact on the above parameters was studied. The ductile response of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete beams was compared with that of control beam. The test results show that addition of 2.0 percent by volume of hybrid fibres improve the strength and ductility appreciably. Empirical expressions for predicting the strength and ductility of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC) are proposed based on regression analysis. A close agreement has been obtained between the predicted and experimental results.
STUDY OF SHADING DEVICE BUILDING-INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE ON ENERGY SAVING
Authors: Budhiyanto Aris , Suryabrata Jatmika Adi , Saragih Soeleman
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the study of the performance of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applied on vertical building envelope as overhang shading devices on energy saving. In Indonesia, where solar energy is abundant, the utilization of PV system as renewable energy is very potential, especilly in remote area. However, in the urban core of Indonesia, the utilization of PV system is not yet economically viable. In this study, six BIPV models with different design of PV panel shading devices were simulated using weather file of Jakarta, an urban core of Indonesia. The results show that installing fewer PV panel shading devices on building façade with greater distance is more effective than installing more PV panel shading device with less distance. The LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) of all models that is lower than the national grid electricity cost indicates that BIPV could be economically profitable if it is designed properly.
Correlates of sedentary behaviour among adolescents and adults with hazardous, harmful or dependent drinking in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Phaswana-Mafuya Nancy , Pengpid Supa
Published: July 2019

Background: There is lack of information on the correlates of sedentary behaviour among persons with alcohol use disorders. The study aimed to examine socio-demographic and health correlates among adolescents and adults with hazardous, harmful or probable dependent alcohol use (= problem drinking).Method: Data from the cross-sectional South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) 2011–12 were analysed. From a total sample of 15 085 persons aged 15 years and older, 2849 adolescents and adults (mean age = 37.1 years, standard deviation [s.d.] = 15.1) were identified as problem drinkers, based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C). Multivariable logistic and linear regression were used to determine the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, health variables and high sedentary behaviour (≥8 h/day) and total minutes of sedentary behaviour a day.Results: The prevalence of high sedentary behaviour (≥ 8 h/day) was 11.9% overall (11.9% among men and 12.1% among women), and the mean (s.d.) duration of sedentary behaviour was 263 (169) min/day. In bivariate analysis, older age, population group, functional disability, cognitive impairment, having hypertension, having had a stroke and posttraumatic symptoms were correlated with high sedentary behaviour. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age and being Indian or Asian were positively, and having been diagnosed with angina was negatively, associated with high sedentary behaviour. In linear regression analysis, older age, not employed and having had a stroke were positively, and being of mixed race and having angina were negatively, associated with total minutes (up to 960 min/day) of sedentary behaviour in a day.Conclusion: The study provides socio-demographic and health correlates of sedentary behaviour among problem drinkers. This information can guide possible future interventions in reducing sedentary behaviour among problem drinkers.
Depressive symptoms and associated factors in medical interns at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Naidu Kaveshin , Torline John R. , Henry Michelle , Thornton Helena B.
Published: July 2019

Background: It is known that medical doctors suffer from increased rates of depression with medical interns being most at risk. Despite this, little is known about the prevalence of depression in interns in South Africa.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in interns employed at Groote Schuur Hospital, a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape.Method: The study was a cross-sectional study. All 91 interns were invited to participate in the study and consenting interns were required to complete a demographic and related questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory 2 (BDI-2).Results: Fifty-four (59.3%) of all invited interns participated in the study. Twenty-two interns (40.7%) reported a BDI-2 score of 14 or greater, indicating at least mild self-reported symptoms of depression. Features associated with a BDI-2 score of 14 or greater, included female gender, a previous diagnosis of depression, seeing a psychotherapist and previously being on antidepressant medication during internship. Other features also significantly associated with higher BDI-2 scores included suicidal ideation, thoughts of emigration, wanting to leave medicine and using substances to cope. The most significant associated feature of high BDI-2 scores was a subjective feeling of being ‘burnt out’.Conclusion: Interns had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms when compared to the general population. The feeling of being ‘burnt out’ was the most significant factor associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. It is imperative that the mental health of both medical students and newly qualified doctors be prioritised, supported and monitored.
Viral Pathogen-Specific Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Bray Abigail E. , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Das Sumon Kumar , Khan Soroar Hossain , Chisti Mohammad Jobayer , Ahmed Tahmeed , Faruque Abu S. G. , Fuchs George J.
Published: July 2019

Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, but particularly in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) examined the infectious etiologies as well as associated demographics, socioeconomic markers, health-care–seeking behaviors, and handwashing practices of the households of children with diarrhea and their age- and gender-matched controls in seven countries over a 3-year period (December 2007–December 2010). Stool studies to determine diarrheal etiologies and anthropometry were performed at baseline and at 60-day follow-up visits, along with surveys to record demographics and living conditions of the children. We performed secondary analyses of the GEMS data derived from the Bangladesh portion of the study in children with diarrhea associated with viral enteropathogens and explored pathogen-specific features of disease burden. Rotavirus and norovirus were the most prevalent pathogens (39.3% and 35%, respectively). Disease due to rotavirus and adenovirus was more common in infants than in older children (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Height for age decreased from baseline to follow-up in children with diarrhea associated with rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus (P < 0.001). Based on these analyses, preventive measures targeted at rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus will be expected to have meaningful clinical impact. Cost of treatment was highest for rotavirus as well, making it an obvious target for intervention. Association of specific viruses with stunting is particularly notable, as stunting is an attributable risk factor for poor cognitive development and future productivity and economic potential.
Quantifying Seasonal Variation in Insecticide-Treated Net Use among Those with Access
Authors: Koenker Hannah , Taylor Cameron , Burgert-Brucker Clara R. , Thwing Julie , Fish Tom , Kilian Albert
Published: July 2019

Seasonal variation in the proportion of the population using an insecticide-treated net (ITN) is well documented and is widely believed to be dependent on mosquito abundance and heat, driven by rainfall and temperature. However, seasonal variation in ITN use has not been quantified controlling for ITN access. Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey datasets, their georeferenced data, and public rainfall and climate layers were pooled for 21 countries. Nine rainfall typologies were developed from rainfall patterns in Köppen climate zones. For each typology, the odds of ITN use among individuals with access to an ITN within their households (“ITN use given access”) were estimated for each month of the year, controlling for region, wealth quintile, residence, year, temperature, and malaria parasitemia level. Seasonality of ITN use given access was observed over all nine rainfall typologies and was most pronounced in arid climates and less pronounced where rainfall was relatively constant throughout the year. Peak ITN use occurred 1–3 months after peak rainfall and corresponded with peak malaria incidence and average malaria transmission season. The observed lags between peak rainfall and peak ITN use given access suggest that net use is triggered by mosquito density. In equatorial areas, ITN use is likely to be high year-round, given the presence of mosquitoes and an associated year-round perceived malaria risk. These results can be used to inform behavior change interventions to improve ITN use in specific times of the year and to inform geospatial models of the impact of ITNs on transmission.
Sea salt aerosol production via sublimating wind-blown saline snow particles over sea ice: parameterizations and relevant microphysical mechanisms
Authors: Yang Xin , Frey Markus M. , Rhodes Rachael H. , Norris Sarah J. , Brooks Ian M. , Anderson Philip S. , Nishimura Kouichi , Jones Anna E. , Wolff Eric W.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Blowing snow over sea ice has been proposed as a
significant source of sea salt aerosol (SSA) (Yang et al., 2008). In this
study, using snow salinity data and blowing snow and aerosol particle
measurements collected in the Weddell Sea sea ice zone (SIZ) during a winter cruise, we perform a comprehensive model–data comparison with the aim of
validating proposed parameterizations. Additionally, we investigate possible
physical mechanisms involved in SSA production from blowing snow. A global
chemical transport model, p-TOMCAT, is used to examine the model sensitivity
to key parameters involved, namely blowing-snow size distribution, snow
salinity, sublimation function, surface wind speed, relative humidity, air
temperature and ratio of SSA formed per snow particle. As proposed in the parameterizations of Yang
et al. (2008), the SSA mass flux is proportional to the bulk
sublimation flux of blowing snow and snow salinity. To convert the bulk
sublimation flux to SSA size distribution requires (1) sublimation function
for snow particles, (2) blowing-snow size distribution, (3) snow salinity
and (4) ratio of SSA formed per snow particle. The optimum model–cruise aerosol data agreement (in diameter range of 0.4–12 µm) indicates two possible microphysical processes that could be
associated with SSA production from blowing snow. The first one assumes that
one SSA is formed per snow particle after sublimation, and snow particle
sublimation is controlled by the curvature effect or the so-called “air
ventilation” effect. The second mechanism allows multiple SSAs to form per
snow particle and assumes snow particle sublimation is controlled by the
moisture gradient between the surface of the particle and the ambient air
(moisture diffusion effect). With this latter mechanism the model reproduces
the observations assuming that one snow particle produces ∼10
SSA during the sublimation process. Although both mechanisms generate very
consistent results with respect to observed aerosol number densities, they
correspond to completely different microphysical processes and show quite
different SSA size spectra, mainly in ultra-fine and coarse size modes.
However, due to the lack of relevant data, we could not, so far, conclude
confidently which one is more realistic, highlighting the necessity of
further investigation.
Cloud identification and classification from high spectral resolution data in the far infrared and mid-infrared
Authors: Maestri Tiziano , Cossich William , Sbrolli Iacopo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A new cloud identification and classification algorithm named CIC is presented. CIC is a machine learning algorithm, based on principal component analysis, able to perform a cloud detection and scene classification using a univariate distribution of a similarity index that defines the level of closeness between the analysed spectra and the elements of each training dataset. CIC is tested on a widespread synthetic dataset of high spectral resolution radiances in the far- and mid-infrared part of the spectrum, simulating measurements from the Fast Track 9 mission FORUM (Far-Infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring), competing for the ESA Earth Explorer programme, which is currently (2018 and 2019) undergoing industrial and scientific Phase A studies. Simulated spectra are representatives of many diverse climatic areas, ranging from the tropical to polar regions.
Application of the algorithm to the synthetic dataset provides high scores for clear or cloud identification, especially when optimisation processes are performed. One of the main results consists of pointing out the high information content of spectral radiance in the far-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum to identify cloudy scenes, specifically thin cirrus clouds. In particular, it is shown that hit scores for clear and cloudy spectra increase from about 70 % to 90 % when far-infrared channels are accounted for in the classification of the synthetic dataset for tropical regions.
Mercury's subsolar sodium exosphere: an ab initio calculation to interpret MASCS/UVVS observations from MESSENGER
Authors: Gamborino Diana , Vorburger Audrey , Wurz Peter
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The optical spectroscopy measurements of sodium in Mercury's exosphere
near the subsolar point by MESSENGER Mercury Atmospheric
and Surface Composition Spectrometer Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (MASCS/UVVS) have been interpreted
before with a model employing two exospheric components of different
temperatures. Here we use an updated version of the Monte Carlo (MC)
exosphere model developed by Wurz and Lammer (2003) to calculate the Na content
of the exosphere for the observation conditions ab initio.
In addition, we compare our results to the ones according to Chamberlain
theory. Studying several release mechanisms, we find that close to the
surface, thermal desorption dominates driven by a surface temperature
of 594 K, whereas at higher altitudes micro-meteorite impact vaporization
prevails with a characteristic energy of 0.34 eV. From the surface up
to 500 km the MC model results agree with the Chamberlain model, and
both agree well with the observations. At higher altitudes, the MC model
using micro-meteorite impact vaporization explains the observation well.
We find that the combination of thermal desorption and micro-meteorite
impact vaporization reproduces the observation of the selected day
quantitatively over the entire observed altitude range, with the
calculations performed based on the prevailing environment and orbit
parameters. These findings help in improving our understanding of the
physical conditions at Mercury's exosphere as well as in better
interpreting mass-spectrometry data obtained to date and in future missions
such as BepiColombo.