bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the artesunate–mefloquine fixed dose combination for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children
Authors: Guidi Monia , Mercier Thomas , Aouri Manel , Decosterd Laurent A. , Csajka Chantal , Ogutu Bernhards , Carn Gwénaëlle , Kiechel Jean-René
Published: April 2019

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends combinations of an artemisinin derivative plus an anti-malarial drug of longer half-life as treatment options for uncomplicatedPlasmodium falciparuminfections. In Africa, artesunate–mefloquine (ASMQ) is an infrequently used artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) because of perceived poor tolerance to mefloquine. However, the WHO has recommended reconsideration of the use of ASMQ in Africa. In this large clinical study, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a fixed dose combination of ASMQ was investigated in an African paediatric population to support dosing recommendations used in Southeast Asia and South America.

Methods

Among the 472 paediatric patients aged 6–59 months from six African centres included in the large clinical trial, a subset of 50 Kenyan children underwent intensive sampling to develop AS, its metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and MQ PK models. The final MQ PK model was validated using sparse data collected in the remaining participants (NONMEM®). The doses were one or two tablets containing 25/55 mg AS/MQ administered once a day for 3 days according to patients’ age. A sensitive LC–MS/MS method was used to quantify AS, DHA and MQ concentrations in plasma. An attempt was made to investigate the relationship between the absence/presence of malaria recrudescence and MQ area under the curve (AUC) using logistic regression.

Results

AS/DHA concentration–time profiles were best described using a one-compartment model for both compounds with irreversible AS conversion into DHA. AS/DHA PK were characterized by a significant degree of variability. Body weight affected DHA PK parameters. MQ PK was characterized by a two-compartment model and a large degree of variability. Allometric scaling of MQ clearances and volumes of distribution was used to depict the relationship between MQ PK and body weight. No association was found between the model predicted AUC and appearance of recrudescence.

Conclusions

The population pharmacokinetic models developed for both AS/DHA and MQ showed a large variability in drug exposure in the investigated African paediatric population. The largest contributor to this variability was body weight, which is accommodated for by the ASMQ fixed dose combination (FDC) dosing recommendation. Besides body weight considerations, there is no indication that the dosage should be modified in children with malaria compared to adults.

Trial registrationPan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201202000278282 registration date 2011/02/16
Immune contexture defined by single cell technology for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy guidance in cancer
Authors: Wu Tong , Wu Xuan , Wang Hong‐Yang , Chen Lei
Published: April 2019

Tumor immune microenvironment is closely related to tumor initiation, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy. The immune landscapes, number of infiltrating immune cells, and the localization of lymphocytes in the tumor vary in across different types of tumors. The immune contexture in cancer, which is determined by the density, composition, functional state and organization of the leukocyte infiltrate of the tumor, can yield information relevant to the prediction of treatment response and patients’ prognosis. Better understanding of the immune atlas in human tumors have been achieved with the development and application of single‐cell analysis technology, which has provided a reference for prognosis, and insights on new targets for immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized the different characteristics of immune contexture in cancer defined by a variety of single‐cell techniques, which have enhanced our understanding on the pathophysiology of the tumor microenvironment. We believe that there are much more to be uncovered in this rapidly developing field of medicine, and they will predict the prognosis of cancer patients and guide the rational design of immunotherapies for success in cancer eradication.
Apc-related models of intestinal neoplasia: a brief review for pathologists
Authors: Washington Kay , Zemper Annie Elizabeth Dietz
Published: April 2019

Rodent models of intestinal cancer are widely used as preclinical models for human colorectal carcinoma and have proven useful in many experimental contexts, including elucidation of basic pathways of carcinogenesis and in chemoprevention studies. One of the earliest genetically engineered mouse models of intestinal cancer is the ApcMin/+ mouse, which has been used for over 25 years. This model carriers a mutation in the Apc gene, which is responsible for the inherited colon cancer syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis coli, in humans. In this review, we discuss the pathologic features of ApcMin/+-type intestinal adenomas and carcinomas, and compare them to the analogous human lesions. Pitfalls of assessment of histopathology of the mouse such as non-invasive mucosal herniation in prolapse are also described.
The Panacea of Human Aging: Calorie Restriction Versus Exercise
Authors: Broskey Nicholas T. , Marlatt Kara L. , Most Jasper , Erickson Melissa L. , Irving Brian A. , Redman Leanne M.
Published: April 2019

Primary aging is the progressive decline in health and fitness and depends on metabolic rate and oxidative stress. Untoward changes in body composition and metabolic function characterize secondary aging. We hypothesize that both exercise and calorie restriction (CR) improve secondary aging, but only CR improves primary. However, CR followed with exercise is a superior strategy to maintain overall health and quality of life with age.
Modern technologies of forming
Authors: Лебедев Валерий , Lebedev Valeriy , Тамаркин Михаил , Tamarkin Mihail , Анкудимов Юрий , Ankudimov Yuriy , Болдырев Александр , Boldyrev Aleksandr
Published: April 2019

The textbook presents modern technologies of forming parts by high-energy processing methods based on the use of physical and chemical effects. High-energy processing methods should be considered as one of the areas of modern electrical engineering, which is based on the use of electrical energy for direct or indirect use in the formation of surfaces. It is shown that depending on the type of impact on the processed material they can be divided into four large groups. The first, the most numerous group, is electrophysical methods using highly concentrated power sources. This group includes EDM, electric, plasma, beam and laser processing. The second group – electrochemical methods based on the simultaneous conversion of the entire surface of the treated electrical energy into chemical energy. It includes numerous types of electrochemical treatment based on anodic dissolution of the material and chemical milling methods based on dissolution of the material by acids and alkalis. The third group – combined processing processes, which combines simultaneously or sequentially the use of several types of processes that effectively complement each other's own energy effects. The fourth group includes methods of pulsed mechanical action on the processed material. It's magnetic pulse, explosive.,
ultrasonic treatment.
Methodically, the textbook is built as follows. The first Chapter presents physical and chemical methods
forming parts
with the use of the tool. In the second - electrophysical methods of forming parts using highly concentrated energy sources. In the third, integrated technologies of forming parts and scientific approaches to the creation of new high-efficient methods of forming parts.
For each method, revealed its essence, technological capabilities, means of technological equipment, as well as the conditions for the rational use and methods of designing in different variants of technological processes of manufacturing products. In conclusion, a set of control questions for students to learn the material set out in the textbook.
The proposed manual is prepared in accordance with the educational programs in the direction of 150405 "Design and technological support of machine-building industries" and is intended for masters of the above areas, as well as for specialists involved in technological training of machine-building industries.
Sobre la existencia de una novela policíaca española : un breve repaso a sus principales títulos, autores e hitos
Authors: Parra Sánchez Diego Ernesto
Published: April 2019

This article intends to reflect on the convenience or inconvenience of talking about Spanish detective novel as a solid and influential crime novel trend as the British, the French or the U. S. crime fiction trends. With this aim, apart from having a look to the main arguments either in favor or against this consideration, this work delves into the most important titles and the most representative
authors, on the one hand, and into the political, social and economical events which have surrounded the Spanish crime fiction from its origin.
“El caso Berciani” de Alan Pauls: un viaje a los bajos fondos
Authors: Rubio Gijón Pablo
Published: April 2019

“El caso Berciani” (1992) relates to the genre of detective and mystery fiction by parody and distortion. Alan Pauls (Buenos Aires, 1959) explores the relation between order and abjection. In so doing, “El caso Berciani” becomes a thorough reflection on the failure of modernization. This article explores how this short story uses detective fiction to elaborate on knowledge and interpretation, and urban dystopias and social tensions.
Visita de la ciudad de dresde de la mano del poeta Jaime Siles y de un cicerón circunstanciado: A.D.A. (“Te invito hoy a un viaje”)
Authors: Díaz Arenas Ángel
Published: April 2019

The present work pays homage to Jaime Siles and evokes several moments of the friendship that the author of this essay has with the recognized contemporary Spanish poet. He summarizes and briefly comments on the poetic volumes of Jaime Siles and pays particular attention to his latest poetry book Extra Hours which includes the poem that treats the German city, Dresden.
La norma ortográfica en el contexto de la historia de la lengua española
Authors: Berta Tibor
Published: April 2019

The orthographic norm is one of the social conventions responsible for the homogeneity of the language that assures the mutual comprehensibility for the speakers by moderating the heterogeneity generated by the co-existence of diatopic, diastratic and diaphasic variants and overcoming the effects of the linguistic changes produced during the evolution of the language. Throughout the course of the history of the Spanish language, the claim for a phonemic orthography, based exclusively on the inventory of phonemes, arose several times but none of the proposals achieved considerable impact. In this paper, analysing the attitude of different works on grammar and orthography, we review how the set of components that determined the concept of orthography developed from the medieval period until the present day. We also examine the question why the phonemic orthography is a utopia, that is, an ideal pursued but not reached by the users of language.
Bifidobacterium longum 1714™ Strain Modulates Brain Activity of Healthy Volunteers During Social Stress
Authors: Wang Huiying , Braun Christoph , Murphy Eileen F. , Enck Paul
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota communicates with the central nervous system, possibly through neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, and influences brain function. B. longum 1714™ has previously been shown to attenuate cortisol output and stress responses in healthy subjects exposed to an acute stressor. However, the ability of B. longum 1714™ to modulate brain function in humans is unclear.

METHODS:

In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, the effects of B. longum 1714™ on neural responses to social stress, induced by the “Cyberball game,” a standardized social stress paradigm, were studied. Forty healthy volunteers received either B. longum 1714™ or placebo for 4 weeks at a dose of 1 × 109 cfu/d. Brain activity was measured using magnetoencephalography and health status using the 36-item short-form health survey.

RESULTS:

B. longum 1714™ altered resting-state neural oscillations, with an increase in theta band power in the frontal and cingulate cortex (P < 0.05) and a decrease in beta-3 band in the hippocampus, fusiform, and temporal cortex (P < 0.05), both of which were associated with subjective vitality changes. All groups showed increased social stress after a 4-week intervention without an effect at behavioral level due to small sample numbers. However, only B. longum 1714™ altered neural oscillation after social stress, with increased theta and alpha band power in the frontal and cingulate cortex (P < 0.05) and supramarginal gyrus (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:

B. longum 1714™ modulated resting neural activity that correlated with enhanced vitality and reduced mental fatigue. Furthermore, B. longum 1714™ modulated neural responses during social stress, which may be involved in the activation of brain coping centers to counter-regulate negative emotions.
Pentazocine, a Kappa-Opioid Agonist, Is Better Than Diclofenac for Analgesia in Acute Pancreatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mahapatra Soumya Jagannath , Jain Saransh , Bopanna Sawan , Gupta Swatantra , Singh Preet , Trikha Anjan , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Shalimar  , Garg Pramod Kumar
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:

The ideal analgesic is not known for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Concerns have been raised about serious adverse effects of opioid analgesics increasing the severity of AP. We hypothesized that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might be better analgesics because of their anti-inflammatory effect. Our objective was to compare pentazocine, an opioid, and diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for adequate analgesia in patients with AP.

METHODS:

In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, patients with AP were randomized to either intravenous diclofenac 75 mg or pentazocine 30 mg. Fentanyl was given as a rescue analgesic through a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Primary outcome was pain relief measured objectively by the dose of fentanyl required as the rescue analgesic, pain-free period, and numbers of effective and ineffective demands of fentanyl. Secondary outcome was adverse events.

RESULTS:

Fifty patients were randomized, 24 to the pentazocine group and 26 to the diclofenac group. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. Pentazocine was found to be better than diclofenac in terms of significantly lower dose of the rescue analgesic (fentanyl) required (126 μg (interquartile range (IQR) 65–218 μg) vs 225.5 μg (IQR 133–427 μg); P = 0.028) and longer pain-free period (31.1 ± 8.2 vs 27.9 ± 6.6 hours, P = 0.047). The number of effective and ineffective demands was lower in the pentazocine group compared with the diclofenac group (11.5 (IQR 8–15) vs 16 (IQR 13–20), P = 0.098) although not statistically significant. Adverse events were similar between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pentazocine, a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, was significantly better than diclofenac for pain relief in AP (Trial registration number: CTRI/2016/09/007326).
Chemotherapy in a Patient with Prior History of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Kanemoto Kouji , Satoh Hiroaki , Sekizawa Kiyohisa
Published: April 2019

We described a 67 years old small-cell lung cancer patient with a prior history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who was treated with successful chemotherapy. It is probably safe to administer chemotherapeutic agents for some cancer patients with prior history of ITP, but it is important to prevent or minimize the toxicities of these chemotherapeutic agents.
Boolean functions as points on the hypersphere in the Euclidean space
Authors: Logachev Oleg A. , Fedorov Sergey N. , Yashchenko Valerii V.
Published: April 2019

A new approach to the study of algebraic, combinatorial, and cryptographic properties of Boolean functions is proposed. New relations between functions have been revealed by consideration of an injective mapping of the set of Boolean functions onto the sphere in a Euclidean space. Moreover, under this mapping some classes of functions have extremely regular localizations on the sphere. We introduce the concept of curvature of a Boolean function, which characterizes its proximity (in some sense) to maximally nonlinear functions.
Effect of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils on the curing kinetics of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) resin
Authors: Wu Guomin , Feng Xinhao , Jin Can , Kong Zhenwu , Wang Siqun
Published: April 2019

In order to increase the curing rate of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) resin, different contents of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (L-CNFs) were blended into the PMDI. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to examine how the addition of L-CNFs influences the curing kinetics of PMDI resin. The activation energy (Ea
) of the curing reaction of PMDI/L-CNF systems was calculated using the Kissinger, Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model-free methods. The results showed that Ea
values calculated by the aforementioned three methods varied in a similar trend with the increase in the L-CNF content. Adding L-CNFs could decrease the Ea
value of the curing reaction of PMDI and speed up the curing reaction. The acceleration of the cure rate of the PMDI resin upon the addition of L-CNFs may be attributable to the effective dispersion of the L-CNFs into the PMDI resin as well as the reaction between the hydroxyl (-OH) groups of the L-CNFs and the isocyanate (-NCO) groups of the PMDI.
Precise ground state properties of the heaviest elements for studies of their atomic and nuclear structure
Authors: Block Michael
Published: April 2019

The precise determination of atomic and nuclear properties such as masses, differential charge radii, nuclear spins and electromagnetic moments of exotic nuclides has recently been extended to the region of the heaviest elements. To this end, ion trap-based techniques and laser spectroscopy methods have been employed to provide information complementary to that obtained by nuclear spectroscopy. This enables more detailed studies of the atomic and nuclear structure of these exotic nuclides far from stability. This contribution summarizes some of the recent achievements and addresses future perspectives for measurements on even heavier elements.
Die Wirkungen der Feststellung von Gläubigerforderungen zur Insolvenztabelle gegenüber dem nach §§ 171, 172 Abs. 4 HGB haftenden Kommanditisten
Authors: Thole Christoph
Published: April 2019

Der II. Zivilsenat des BGH hatte in seinem Urteil vom 20.2.2018 über Fragen der Haftung von Kommanditisten in der Insolvenz der KG gemäß §§ 171, 172 Abs. 4 HGB zu entscheiden. Im Vordergrund stand dabei die Frage welche Wirkungen die Vorlage der Insolvenztabelle durch den klagenden Insolvenzverwalter hat und ob der Kommanditist mit seinem Einwand gehört werden kann, seine Inanspruchnahme sei zur Gläubigerbefriedigung nicht erforderlich. Der Beitrag analysiert das Urteil und die Argumentation des BGH kritisch.
100 Years of E04 Development of Metallography Standards
Authors: Vander Voort George F.
Published: April 2019

Description

Get 14 peer-reviewed papers on metallography and related ASTM standards. You’ll learn about the use of metallographic techniques to better understand and control problems and quality and get an in-depth review of current ASTM metals standards.

Topics include

The papers in this book were presented at a symposium celebrating the 100th anniversary of ASTM International Committee E04 on Metallography held in November 2017.
Intermetallic Effects in Aluminum-To-Steel Friction Stir Weld
Authors: Oyedemi Kayode , Adonyi Yoni , Anson Scott
Published: April 2019

In this study, the friction stir welding process was employed in lap joining of aluminum alloy 6061–T6 and dual phase 500 steel. The novelty of this study was the focus on the measurement of the intermetallic compounds present in the weld interface. Weld temperature and heat input were recorded and validated against the finite element analysis model using COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The measurement of the experimental temperature showed a good correlation with the thermal simulation. There was an increase in the intermetallic compound formed in the weld interface as the heat input and weld temperature were increased. Destructive testing showed that the bend test angle was improved with less quantity of the intermetallic produced by controlling the weld temperature. With other parameters kept constant, an increase in weld travel speed reduced the propensity of the intermetallic formation that increased the toughness of the welded joint.
Using the Control Chart Approach to Evaluate Hardness Tester Performance
Authors: Vander Voort George F.
Published: April 2019

The control chart data analysis approach is an ideal method to evaluate the quality of test data using a specific tester, such as a microindentation hardness tester, over a period of usage time with the same certified test block and indenter. The method described in ASTM E2554, Standard Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncertainty of Test Results of a Test Method Using Control Chart Techniques, was used for this work. This analysis is done by plotting a means and a standard deviation control chart of the weekly or periodic verification data obtained with a certified hardness test block at a specific test force and a specific hardness level. The method is first illustrated using a Knoop hardness test block certified at a test force of 500 gf and with a long diagonal length of 116.18 μm (527.1 HK). From this data, one can easily calculate the uncertainty of the measurements. The second example is for a 300-gf Knoop test block with a certified long diagonal length of 154.5 μm (178.8 HK). Different problems were encountered during the use of each test block, which are readily detected using the control chart method plots.
A New Approach for Color Metallography: Through Controlled Conditions to Objective Microstructure Analysis of Low-Carbon Steels by LePera-Etching
Authors: Britz Dominik , Steimer Yannik , Mücklich Frank
Published: April 2019

Although metallography is a very old discipline, its importance is growing steadily. High-performance materials need an accurate evaluation of the microstructure to guarantee the ever-tightening specifications in the range of properties and to control the production process. With the continuously growing demand of well-tailored microstructures, in most cases with smaller and more complex constituents of defined geometry, the requirements for reproducible metallography are also more and more challenging. In this contribution, we want to show how new trends in metallography can help scientists and engineers ensure reproducibility in their daily work with etching routines governed by controlled and monitored systems. The presented setup keeps all critical parameters during color-etching constant. Thus the reproducibility and homogeneity of LePera etching on low-alloyed steel can be guaranteed. Furthermore, a parameter study for LePera was conducted not only to show the application range of critical parameters such as temperature and time but also to find the best parameter setting for an automated phase-separation toward image analysis and microstructural classification. With the help of a focused ion beam, quantitative correlations of the etching mechanism can also be derived.
Friendships with Blacks Relate to Lessened Implicit Preferences for Whites Over Blacks
Authors: Aberson Christopher L.
Published: April 2019

The present study examines the relationship between self-reported friendships with Blacks and implicit preferences for Whites relative to Blacks. There is considerable evidence that friendships relate to more favorable attitudes toward outgroups, however, the bulk of this evidence comes from explicit self-report measures. Using a sample of 123,445 participants that completed a Black-White IAT on the Project Implicit website, results indicate that participants reporting either childhood or post-childhood friendships with Blacks demonstrated weaker implicit preferences for Whites over Blacks. The size of this relationship was substantially smaller than found for explicit evaluations of Blacks.
Italian Cinema’s Sound Archives
Authors: Meandri Ilario
Published: April 2019

This article presents a historiographical inquiry into the instruments and technologies employed in Italian Foley art during the 1960s, drawing on an ethnography of the manual techniques involved in sound post-production. It draws on extensive research based on oral accounts of technical directors, Foley artists, rerecording mixers, and sound technicians employed in post-production facilities in and around Rome since the late 1950s. The first section considers the Foley artist’s status and responsibilities within the industrial organization of sound post-production in the 1960s; the second analyzes a category of sound effects in which Foley artists specialized early on, the so-called rumori sala(“Foley stage sounds”). The third section examines how Foley artists progressively extended the scope of their work to include ambienti (“ambient sounds”) and so-called effetti sonori speciali (“special sound effects”), which had previously been the prerogative of fonici (“re-recording and production sound mixers”). The final section discusses the long-term consequences of these changes in the creation of ambient sounds. There is also brief consideration of the introduction and development of the so-called macchina per ambienti(“ambient sound machine”), which remained in vogue in post-production practices until the mid-1990s and was, as far as is known, used exclusively in Italy.
Pitfalls and Best Practices in Algorithm Configuration
Authors: Eggensperger Katharina , Lindauer Marius , Hutter Frank
Published: April 2019

Good parameter settings are crucial to achieve high performance in many areas of artificial intelligence (AI), such as propositional satisfiability solving, AI planning, scheduling, and machine learning (in particular deep learning). Automated algorithm configuration methods have recently received much attention in the AI community since they replace tedious, irreproducible and error-prone manual parameter tuning and can lead to new state-of-the-art performance. However, practical applications of algorithm configuration are prone to several (often subtle) pitfalls in the experimental design that can render the procedure ineffective. We identify several common issues and propose best practices for avoiding them. As one possibility for automatically handling as many of these as possible, we also propose a tool called GenericWrapper4AC.
Conflictos y mecanismos alternativos en comunidades desplazadas de Quibdó (Chocó-Colombia)
Authors: Cuesta-Cuesta Doris
Published: April 2019

Por medio de la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas se reflejaron tanto los conflictos y mecanismos utilizados por las comunidades desplazadas de Quibdó, como su caracterización socioeconómica. Los resultados permiten proponer mecanismos alternativos de solución de conflictos que faciliten la convivencia pacífica en esta deprimida zona de país.
Crisis económica frente a crisis matrimonial: los tribunales ante los nuevos modelos familiares
Authors: Muñoz- Catalán Elisa
Published: April 2019

Introducción: desde la aprobación del Código Civil español en el sigloxix, España ha experimentado importantes y numerosas transformacionesjurídico-sociales. Estas no sólo han afectado el Derecho defamilia en general, sino también —y especialmente— la regulacióndel matrimonio y los nuevos modelos familiares con respecto a susconsecuencias ante situaciones de crisis matrimonial. Metodología:en este sentido, este artículo de investigación parte de las novedadeslegislativas existentes en esta materia, introducidas en las últimasdécadas a fin de examinar el alcance de diferentes sentencias en lascuales, en efecto, se pone de manifiesto cómo los tribunales civiles,ante la situación de crisis económica generalizada, tratan de adaptarsea la nueva realidad social y otorgan un papel esencial a los abuelosante un proceso de nulidad, separación o divorcio. Conclusiones: deigual forma, se analiza cómo incluso permiten en situaciones excepcionales—e.g. la que se pone de manifiesto en la reciente Sentenciadel 2 de marzo del 2015—, a aquel progenitor separado, en paro y queviva de manera persistente en la pobreza, no hacer frente a la pensiónalimenticia que venía abonando a sus hijos hasta entonces, ni siquieraabonando el denominado “mínimo vital” (esto hasta que encuentrelos recursos necesarios para su subsistencia).
¿Libertad e Internet?
Authors: Galindo Fernando , Moura do Carmo Valter
Published: April 2019

Propósito. El trabajo aporta una reflexión sobre los límites que el uso de Internet establece al ejercicio del Derecho de libertad, reconocido en las Constituciones democráticas como la preservación del ejercicio de la autonomía de la voluntad en la vida diaria de los ciudadanos/personas, que forman parte de una concreta organización social y política, respetando el ejercicio de la suya propia por otra u otras personas o ciudadanos. Descripción. El trabajo se fija, especialmente, en exponer algunos límites que se producen al respecto en varias prácticas que tienen lugar en Internet. Punto de vista y conclusiones. Aporta argumentos centrados en considerar hasta qué punto se puede, caso de que se pueda, producir una efectiva, positiva, completa, y absoluta relación entre libertad e Internet
Análisis sobre prácticas de farmacología con animales de laboratorio: una mirada desde los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina
Authors: Teves Mauricio Roberto , Paredes Jésica Daniela , Giraudo Emiliano , Paredes María Belén , Moyano Mario Franco , Rotelli Alejandra Ester , Wendel Graciela Haydée , Margarita Alejandra Olivia , Calderón Claudia Patricia , Pelzer Lilian Eugenia
Published: April 2019

Introducción: la asignatura Farmacología en Farmacia es de carácter teórico-práctico, dura un cuatrimestre y se imparte en el cuarto año. El desarrollo práctico involucra seis trabajos prácticos de laboratorio (tpl) y cuatro talleres. En tres tpl se realiza experimentación in vivo con animales, en otros dos se trabaja con programas computacionales, y en el restante técnicas in vitro, permitiendo al estudiante valorar el efecto de los fármacos mediante la experimentación, orientado a la investigación biológica y biomédica, además de reconocer la eficacia farmacológica para el tratamiento de enfermedades. Nuestro objetivo fue promover una encuesta para obtener un instrumento orientativo que permita aumentar la calidad de la enseñanza y conocer las percepciones y preferencias sobre las prácticas en cuestión.

Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo, concluido el primer cuatrimestre académico del ciclo lectivo 2015. Resultados: el 90,48 % aludió que las prácticas con animales resultaron útiles para su formación, y las dos terceras partes consideró necesario implementar alternativas al uso de animales en aspectos relacionados a su educación y formación. El 85,71 % prefirió las observaciones in vivo; 9,52 % las in vitro y 4,76% los programas computacionales. 90,48 % respondió que volvería a trabajar con animales de laboratorio.

Conclusiones: creemos que es pertinente trabajar con animales en esta asignatura, es importante pensar en esta experiencia práctica en la farmacología. Los estudiantes manifiestan su interés por conocer e interpretar los efectos y mecanismos de acción de los fármacos mediante observaciones in vivo o de órganos manipulados por ellos mismos.
Unidades móviles como bioterios experimentales
Authors: Maschi Fabricio A , Cagliada María del Pilar , Carbone Cecilia
Published: April 2019

Propósito: este artículo pretende mostrar una alternativa que ofrezca solución eficiente ante situaciones de refacciones en bioterios a través del empleo de bioterios satélites modulares.

Tema: unidades móviles para su uso como bioterios experimentales.

Desarrollo: en el 2012, se presentó una situación problemática en un laboratorio privado cuando decidieron remodelar su bioterio sin tener la posibilidad de interrumpir los ensayos con animales que allí se realizaban. Del análisis pormenorizado de las posibilidades existentes y entre diferentes alternativas, se consensuó instalar un bioterio satélite, provisorio, en dos contenedores marítimos conectados entre sí. Se elaboró un diseño que permitió compartimentar los ambientes, quedando un sector de ingreso y vestuario, un sector de cuarentena, uno para mantenimiento de los animales y una pequeña sala para experiencias. Se planificaron las terminaciones con materiales recomendados por los estándares internacionales, se suministraron los servicios básicos de agua y electricidad, se colocaron desagües, y se instalaron los equipos de aire acondicionado, ventilación y humedad (hvac) para el mantenimiento de ratas de experimentación.

Conclusiones: este tipo de proyecto permitió una alternativa rápida y económica comparada con una construcción convencional. Permitió reubicar los animales, continuar con los ensayos, capacitar al personal para el trabajo durante la transición y desocupar totalmente el sector del bioterio a remodelar para poder comenzar con las obras.
‘Bad Business’: Capitalism and Criminality in Agatha Christie’s Novels
Authors: Nicol Danny
Published: April 2019

To the casual reader, Agatha Christie’s fiction seems to be saturated by a deeply conservative culture and supportive of the capitalist status quo. There is indeed some evidence in Christie’s prose that she identified with conservatism. Yet despite her leanings she adopted a critical stance on the world of business. She repeatedly depicted financiers as criminals, even murderers, during the inter-war years and later, in the post-war period, blurred the line between businesses and criminal conspiracies. Christie also used the crookedness of business to provide capitalism’s victims with a motive for murder. The article explains the gap between Christie’s political views and her portrayal of business by arguing that Christie’s fundamental task was to fashion dystopias. In so doing she regarded it as more important to capture the spirit of the times than to propagandise in ways which matched her allegiances. Thus Christie’s engagement with private enterprise provides a valuable snapshot of a society more critical of capitalism and, particularly between the wars, more ready to consider alternatives to it, than is the case in contemporary society.
EP1 receptor is involved in prostaglandin E2-induced osteosarcoma growth
Authors: Niu Jing-cai , Ma Nan , Liu Wei , Wang Pei-ji
Published: April 2019

Recent studies showed that the activation of prostaglandin (PG) receptor EP1 promotes cell migration and invasion in different cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of EP1 in the proliferation of osteosarcoma (OS) cells in vitro and in vivo. EP1 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively in human OS cell lines MG63, OS732, U-2OS, HOS and SAOS-2 compared to human fetal osteoblastic hFOB 1.19 cells. MG63 cells were treated with PGE2, EP1 specific agonist 17-PT-PGE2, 17-PT-PGE2 + EP1 specific antagonist SC51089, or DMSO (control). EP1R-siRNA or a non-silencing irrelevant RNA duplex (negative control) were used for the transfection of MG63 cells, followed by PGE2 treatment. Nude mice carrying MG63 xenografts were treated with SC51089 (2 mg/kg/day). MG63 cells/xenografts were analyzed by MTT assay, TUNEL assay, PKC enzyme activity assay, and Western blot (EP1 and apoptotic proteins), and tumor growth/volume was evaluated in mice. EP1 levels were significantly higher in OS cells compared to osteoblasts. PGE2 or 17-PT-PGE2 treatment increased the proliferation and decreased the apoptosis of MG63 cells. Inhibition of EP1 by SC51089 or siRNA markedly decreased the viability of MG63 cells. Similarly, SC51089 treatment significantly inhibited MG63 cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vivo. The silencing of EP1 receptor by siRNA or blockade of EP1 signaling by SC51089 activated extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways both in vivo and in vitro, as evidenced by increased levels of Bax, cyt-c, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. EP1 appears to be involved in PGE2-induced proliferative activity of MG63 cells. Antagonizing EP1 may provide a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of OS.
5. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitabının Toplumsal Cinsiyet Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: SATILMIŞ Sinem
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırma 5. sınıf Türkçe

ders kitabının toplumsal cinsiyet açısından ele alınmasını amaçlamaktadır.

Araştırma, betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi metoduyla

yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 5. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabı metinleri oluşturmaktadır.

5. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabının toplumsal cinsiyet açısından ele alınmasını

amaçlayan bu araştırmada toplanan verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistik

(frekans(f), yüzde(%)) analizleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda Türkçe

ders kitabı toplumsal cinsiyet açısından incelenerek erkek cinsiyetinin kız

cinsiyetine oranla daha ağırlıkta olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Official US position on recognition of independence of Abkhazia and South
Authors: Zvezdova Olesya
Published: April 2019

This article deals with the official position of the United States regarding independence recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by the Russian Federation in 2008. The basic documents of the State Department, Presidential Administration and the US Congress, which are published on the official page, are analyzed. The applications and interviews of the President, Secretary of State and 124 other state officials are considered. It is concluded that Abkhazia and South Ossetia are Georgian regions; the United States does not recognize its independence and calls on the Russian Federation to reverse its recognition of the “de facto states”. US will not recognize the results of any parliamentary and presidential elections in these areas and only Georgian authority is considered as legitimate. Agreements that were signed by the Russian Federation and the leaders of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in 2014 and 2015 respectively have no legal force and are only Russian provocative step towards strengthening its influence in the region. Resolutions of Congress accuse Russia of occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and call to withdraw Russian troops from these territories. Since 2014 the situation in eastern Ukraine is compared with the situation in Abkhazia and South Ossetia in some press releases and speeches of the US official representatives.
Statuses and double branch weights of quadrangular outerplanar graphs
Authors: Bielak Halina , Powroźnik Kamil
Published: April 2019

In this paper we study some distance properties of outerplanar graphs with the Hamiltonian cycle whose all bounded faces are cycles isomorphic to the cycle C4. We call this family of graphs quadrangular outerplanar graphs. We give the lower and upper bound on the double branch weight and the status for this graphs. At the end of this paper we show some relations between median and double centroid in quadrangular outerplanar graphs.
The role of the state of Hidalgo in the public policies for the Hidalgo inhabitants abroad
Authors: Flores Edgar Manuel Castillo , Ponce Berenice Alfaro
Published: April 2019

A partir de 1990 la migración hacia los Estados Unidos de los hidalguenses se intensificó, posicionándose entonces como un fenómeno social emergente. En respuesta al mismo, las autoridades del estado de Hidalgo, en el año 1999, hicieron esfuerzos de intervención. El objetivo de este documento es describir los antecedentes de las políticas públicas desarrolladas por el gobierno de Hidalgo en atención a sus migrantes en Estados Unidos, esto a través de una metodología de análisis histórico y cualitativo para investigar tres períodos gubernamentales de gestión y las diversas iniciativas desarrolladas por el gobierno estatal.
The development of narcotrafficking and corruption in Mexico
Authors: Nieto Nubia
Published: April 2019

En las últimas décadas, México ha encabezado los titulares en la prensa debido a los altos niveles de violencia, brutalidad y tráfico de drogas. Además, pocas veces se cuestionan los vínculos entre poder político, agencias de inteligencia, corrupción y crimen organizado en el desarrollo del narcotráfico y violencia en México. En este escenario, emergen las siguientes preguntas, las cuales se intentan analizar a lo largo del texto: ¿Por qué los narcotraficantes han logrado desestabilizar al gobierno mexicano? ¿Cuánta responsabilidad tienen las agencias de inteligencia de los Estados Unidos y México en el desarrollo del narcotráfico y la violencia? ¿Puede México controlar por sí mismo el desarrollo del tráfico de drogas? ¿Es posible establecer el Estado de derecho y los mecanismos de rendición de cuentas? ¿Representa el nuevo gobierno de Andrés Manuel López Obrador una esperanza para el control de la violencia en México?
La geopolítica argentina relegada por condicionantes domésticos (2001–2017). Una mención al caso de la Triple Frontera
Authors: Palacio Priscila
Published: April 2019

En los primeros lustros del siglo, mientras la geopolítica resurgió a nivel mundial, el Estado argentino relegó la formulación de una geopolítica por condicionantes domésticos. Desde el 2001, las urgencias sociales pesaron en la agenda gubernamental. Con los Kirchner, se profundizó el proteccionismo y abrazó la integración sudamericana –pero no económica; se retomó el reclamo por las Malvinas, pero desguarneció las fronteras. Se explicitó el desprestigio de la geopolítica y la ausencia del Estado en la Triple Frontera. Desde 2016, Macri reformuló la política de seguridad por razones domésticas. Se reforzó el control fronterizo y acercó a EE. UU. No hubo política geoestratégica para la Triple Frontera.
Wybrane zagadnienia z bioklimatu Lublina
Authors: Dobek Mateusz , Krzyżewska Agnieszka
Published: April 2019

Praca ma na celu opracowanie warunków bioklimatycznych Lublina w latach 1951-2010. W tym celu wykorzystano wielkość ochładzającą powietrza, a także najnowszy wskaźnik obciążeń cieplnych organizmu człowieka Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI).

Według wskaźnika bioklimatycznego wielkość ochładzająca powietrza (H) warunki uznawane za komfortowe, czyli „łagodnie” i „przyjemnie chłodno”, pojawiały się łącznie z częstością 41%. W latach 1951-2010 nastąpił niewielki spadek udziału procentowego odczuć chłodu („nieznośnie zimno i wietrznie”, „bardzo zimno” i „zimno”).

W latach 1951-2010 najczęściej występujące wielkości UTCI należały do klasy „brak obciążeń cieplnych” (39% dni). Pomimo różnic częstości z roku na rok, w przebiegu wieloletnim nie obserwuje się istotnych tendencji zmian. Największe zmiany widoczne są na początku lat 70-tych, kiedy zwiększył się udział odczuć związanych ze stresem ciepła, natomiast klasy odczuć zimna pojawiały się rzadziej.
Artykuł recenzyjny monografii Joanny Machut-Kowalczyk Rada familijna pod powagą sądu pokoju w świetle akt łęczyckich, zgierskich i łódzkich z lat 1809–1876
Authors: Smyk Grzegorz
Published: April 2019

Recenzja dotyczy monografii poświęconej instytucji rad familijnych na centralnych ziemiach polskich w XIX wieku. Zawiera kompleksową analizę podstaw prawnych regulujących tę instytucję, tj. przepisów zawartych w Kodeksie Napoleona i Kodeksie Cywilnym Królestwa Polskiego, oraz przedstawia rzeczywisty obraz jej funkcjonowania w praktyce sądów pokoju powiatów: zgierskiego i łęczyckiego. Mocną stroną recenzowanego opracowania jest wykorzystanie dogłębnych badań archiwalnych, przeprowadzonych przez autorkę podczas kwerendy w Archiwum Państwowym w Łodzi. Opracowanie stanowi oryginalne rozwiązanie problemu badawczego, niepodejmowanego szerzej w dotychczasowej literaturze przedmiotu.
Równe i sprawiedliwe zatrudnienie na podstawie umowy o pracę na zastępstwo?
Authors: Czerniak-Swędzioł Justyna Maria
Published: April 2019

Umowa na zastępstwo, której charakter prawny nie jest definitywnie przesądzony w aktualnym brzmieniu Kodeksu pracy, to udogodnienie dla pracodawców umożliwiające im rozwiązywanie problemów natury kadrowej w sytuacji okresowej niezdolności do pracy nieobecnego pracownika. Modyfikacje, które dotyczą umowy na zastępstwo w porównaniu z innymi umowami o pracę na czas określony uzasadniają twierdzenie, iż jest to umowa niezgodna z zasadą równości w zatrudnieniu i sprawiedliwości społecznej. Istnieją kontrowersje, co do możliwości wypowiadania tego rodzaju umów. Ustawodawca zamierza zmienić zasady wypowiadania umów na czas określony, w tym umowy na zastępstwo. Pracownicy zatrudniani w celu zastępstwa innego pracownika w czasie jego usprawiedliwionej nieobecności pozostają bez wątpienia grupą pod najsłabszą ochroną prawa pracy. 

 

 
Kary zawieszenia i pozbawienia prawa wykonywania zawodu i ich wpływ na istnienie stosunku pracy osób wykonujących zawód medyczny
Authors: Daniluk-Jarmoniuk Anna
Published: April 2019

Akty prawne regulujące zagadnienie odpowiedzialności zawodowej lekarzy i lekarzy dentystów, pielęgniarek i położnych, farmaceutów i diagnostów laboratoryjnych ustanawiają odrębne zasady i procedury tego rodzaju odpowiedzialności. Niektóre z kar zawodowych – jak kara zawieszenia i kara pozbawienia prawa wykonywania zawodu – wpływają również na stosunek pracy osób ukaranych. Rozwiązania te nie są jednak ze sobą spójne i w nieuzasadniony sposób różnicują sytuację osób ukaranych. W przypadku lekarzy, lekarzy dentystów oraz pielęgniarek i położnych ukaranie jedną z powyższych kar zawodowych stanowi podstawę do rozwiązania umowy o pracę bez wypowiedzenia z winy pracownika, a w przypadku farmaceutów i diagnostów laboratoryjnych skutkuje wygaśnięciem stosunku pracy z mocy prawa. Autorka postuluje ujednolicenie tej regulacji na wzór obecnego rozwiązania przyjętego w ustawach dotyczących farmaceutów i diagnostów laboratoryjnych.
Funkcja ochronna prawa pracy na przykładach wybranych regulacji państw europejskich
Authors: Jarota Maciej
Published: April 2019

Funkcja ochronna prawa pracy jest najważniejszą dla stosunku pracy cechą wynikającą zarówno z norm prawa pracy zakodowanych w przepisach aktów normatywnych, jak i ze specyficznego mechanizmu ich oddziaływania. W Europie funkcję ochronną prawa pracy określa się jako regulacje prawne oraz mechanizmy uprzywilejowania osób pozostających w stosunku pracy, szczególnie ze względu na sytuację faktyczną, w jakiej się znajdują, np. wiek (tzw. protection law) oraz konstrukcje prawne sprowadzające się do zapobiegania nieuzasadnionemu rozwiązywaniu umowy o pracę z pracownikiem przez pracodawcę (tzw. job security). W opracowaniu skupiono się na przedstawieniu trzech płaszczyzn realizowania funkcji ochronnej prawa pracy: prawa pracowników do urlopu wypoczynkowego; ochrony osób w wieku poniżej 18. roku życia świadczących pracę; sytuacji prawnej pracownika, z którym pracodawca zamierza rozwiązać umowę o pracę w drodze wypowiedzenia – ograniczając się do przedstawienia wybranych instytucji: Grecji, Hiszpanii, Łotwy, Niemiec, Szwecji, Wielkiej Brytanii i Włoch.
Stopień zintegrowania wewnętrznego rynku usług Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Kąkol Magdalena Katarzyna
Published: April 2019

Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim.
Barbara z Duninów Sanguszkowa jako mecenas w schyłkowej epoce polskiego baroku
Authors: Butkiewicz Marian
Published: April 2019

Barbara z Duninów Sanguszkowa była jedną z najzamożniejszych dam polskich w XVIII wieku. Zarządzając po śmierci męża ogromnym majątkiem, wiele czasu poświęcała na działalność kulturalną. Była twórczynią popularnego w epoce stanisławowskiej salonu towarzyskiego, a także chlebodawczynią dobrze zapowiadających się literatów. Nie szczędziła pieniędzy na edycję co celniejszych dzieł, włączając się do ich tłumaczenia. Można nazwać ją mecenasem, gdyż jej opieka artystyczna była sekretna i przejawiała się w autentycznej bezinteresowności.