bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of total infiltration and storage capacities for different soil types in Sarawak using SWMM
Authors: Kuok King Kuok , Chiu Po Chan , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Said Khairul Anwar bin Mohamad , Chin Mei Yun
Published: October 2023

Climate change and irresponsible urbanization practices are anticipated to further exacerbate flood risk. The different soil types’ physical, chemical, and biological characteristics significantly impact surface water movement, porosity, permeability, and infiltration potential. Therefore, soil infiltration is perhaps the most challenging and crucial process to characterize on a field scale. Various methods have been developed to measure the infiltration rate empirically and theoretically. However, the relationship between different soil types and infiltration rates in Sarawak remains unknown as no previous study has been conducted. This study uses the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to evaluate the infiltration rates for five different soil types: clay, clay loam, loam, sandy loam, and sand. 30 samples of various types and soil depths were examined at intervals of 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m, and 3 m. The study was carried out using a standardized slope of 0.7% and an impervious land of 25% with a catchment size of 2 acres. Extreme rainfall data on the 5th and 6th of December 2021 was input into the infiltration model. Results showed that the difference between initial and final water storage of all the investigated soil depths for clay, clay loam, loam, sandy loam, and sand was found to be 48.42 mm, 51.20 mm, 58.01 mm, 66.96 mm, and 115.54 mm, respectively. The findings demonstrated that clay has the lowest water storage capability, followed by clay loam, loam, and sandy loam. Sand could store a comparatively large amount of rainwater. In contrast, sand has the highest infiltration rate with 2.541 mm/h, followed by sandy loam with 1.835 mm/h, loam with 1.432 mm/h, clay loam with 1.039 mm/h. Clay has the lowest infiltration rate, with 0.852 mm/h. This research concluded that sandy soil could significantly reduce surface runoff and help reduce flood risk in urban regions.
Classification and security assessment of android apps
Authors: Caushaj Eralda , Sugumaran Vijayan
Published: October 2023

Current mobile platforms pose many privacy risks for the users. Android applications (apps) request access to device resources and data, such as storage, GPS location, camera, microphone, SMS, phone identity, and network information. Legitimate mobile apps, advertisements (ads), and malware all require access to mobile resources and data to function properly. Therefore, it is difficult for the user to make informed decisions that effectively balance their privacy and app functionality. This study analyzes the Android application permissions, ad networks and the impact on end-user’s privacy. Dangerous combinations of app permissions, and ad networks are used as features in our prediction models to understand the behavior of apps. Our models have a high classification accuracy of 95.9% considering the imbalance in real life between benign and malicious apps. Our assumption that certain app permissions can be a potential threat to the privacy of end users is confirmed to be one of the most impactful features of our prediction models. Since our study considers the impact of ad networks and malware permissions, it will help end-users make more informed decision about the app permissions they grant and understand that the app permissions open doors to more vulnerabilities, and at some point, benign apps can behave maliciously.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Obstacles Uncovering System for Slender Pathways Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Automatic Image Localization Technique
Authors: Selvarajan Shitharth , Manoharan Hariprasath , Khadidos Alaa O. , Shankar Achyut , Khadidos Adil O. , Onyema Edeh Michael
Published: October 2023

In this study, unidentified flying machines are built with real-time monitoring in mid-course settings for obstacle avoidance in mind. The majority of the currently available methods are implemented as comprehensive monitoring systems, with significant success in monitored applications like bridges, railways, etc. So, the predicted model is developed exclusively for specific monitoring settings, as opposed to the broad conditions that are used by the current approaches. Also, in the design model, the first steps are taken by limiting the procedure to specific heights, and the input thrust that is provided for take up operation is kept to a minimum. Due to the improved altitudes, the velocity and acceleration units have been cranked up on purpose, making it possible to sidestep intact objects. In addition, Advanced Image Mapping Localization (AIML) is used to carry out the implementation process, which identifies stable sites at the correct rotation angle. Besides, Cyphal protocol integration improves the security of the data-gathering process by transmitting information gathered from sensing devices. The suggested system is put to the test across five different case studies, where the designed Unmanned aerial vehicle can able to detect 25 obstacles in the narrow paths in considered routs but existing approach can able to identify only 14 obstacle in the same routes.
Interpolating across the impedance/admittance spectrum with Unified Interaction Control
Authors: Berezny Nicholas , Ahmadi Mojtaba
Published: October 2023

Impedance Control (IC) and Admittance control (AC) are two control methods for robot-environment interaction which have opposing performance and stability characteristics. Previous research has proposed that the two controllers define a spectrum of controllers. This paper quantifies the IC/AC spectrum as a trade-off between the suppression of force sensor error and modelling error. Unified Interaction Control (UIC) is introduced, which can interpolate across this spectrum of controllers by using a periodic state-reset and an inner-loop gain weighting parameter. The UIC is verified through simulation, experiment, and an eigenvalue analysis. Interpolating across the spectrum allows one to choose an ideal controller given the nature of the robot and environment. This is demonstrated in two case studies: adapting the level of interpolation to optimize performance with a changing environment, and using a static level of interpolation to mitigate the worst-case effects in both IC and AC.
Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Unipolare Depression: Empfehlungen für die Allgemeinmedizin
Authors: Younesi P. , Biersack K. , Brand C. , Haas C. , Henningsen P. , Niebling W. , Gensichen J. , Lukaschek K. ,   POKAL-Gruppe, Dreischulte Tobias , Falkai Peter , Gensichen Jochen , Henningsen Peter , Bühner Markus , Jung-Sievers Caroline , Krcmar Helmut , Lukaschek Karoline , Pitschel-Walz Gabriele , Schneider Antonius , Biersack Katharina , Brand Constantin , Brisnik Vita , Ebert Christopher , Eder Julia , Gökce Feyza , Haas Carolin , Hattenkofer Lisa , Kaupe Lukas , Raub Jonas , Reindl-Spanner Philipp , Schillok Hannah , Schönweger Petra , Teusen Clara , Vogel Marie , von Schrottenberg Victoria , Vukas Jochen , Younesi Puya
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Depressive Erkrankungen stellen sehr häufige Beratungsanlässe in der Hausarztpraxis dar. Aktuelle evidenzbasierte Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie von unipolarer Depression unterstützen Hausärzt*Innen bei der Behandlung der Patient*Innen.

Ziele der Arbeit

Die Nationalen Versorgungsleitlinie (NVL) Unipolare Depression in der Neufassung von 2022 beinhaltet einige Neuerungen mit großer Relevanz für die hausärztliche Praxis.

Material und Methoden

Vergleich der NVL Unipolare Depression in den Fassungen von 2022 und 2015 mit Fokus auf der hausärztlichen Praxis.

Ergebnisse

Die Neufassung der NVL greift aktuelle wissenschaftliche Entwicklungen auf und berät zu neuen Medikamenten wie Esketamin und zunehmend relevanten Behandlungsstrategien wie internet- und mobilbasierte Interventionen (IMI). Insbesondere werden die Bereiche der Funktionsfähigkeit und Teilhabe in ihrer Bedeutung für Diagnostik und Behandlung hervorgehoben. Im Gegensatz zur Vorgängerversion der NVL Unipolare Depression wird hinsichtlich des „watchful waiting“ als Therapiealternative von einer Empfehlung abgesehen.

Die Neufassung der NVL misst der partizipativen Entscheidungsfindung im Sinne des „shared decision making“ und Angehörigenarbeit einen hohen Stellenwert bei.

Diskussion

Die Neufassung der NVL betont die Bedeutung der hausärztlichen Versorgung bei unipolarer Depression. Allerdings geht auch die aktuelle NVL nicht näher auf das ob und wie der Leitlinienimplementierung in die klinische Praxis ein, wenngleich sie deren Bedeutung im Vorwort betont. Eine engmaschige Zusammenarbeit zwischen Anwender*innen und Leitliniengruppe erscheint besonders bedeutsam, wenn es darum geht, evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen in die Praxis umzusetzen.
Index of active participation in society
Authors: Chakrabartty Satyendra
Published: October 2023

The concept of Active citizenship is gaining importance. Ignoring the issues of selection of dimensions and items, the paper addresses methodological issues and aggregation of indicators of multidimensional active participation index (PI) by two methods. Policy makers and researchers can take advantages of the proposed methods of arithmetic aggregation (Method-1) with normally distributed transformed scores or multiplicative aggregation (Method-2) without scaling and choosing weights. Thus, the Method-2 avoids the problems of rank robustness specific to selection of weights. Multiplicative aggregation proposed in Method-2 can be converted to additive model by taking logarithms. Normal distributions of two or more groups by Method-1 are likely to give rise to lower value of Ginis coefficient indicating equality. Avoiding major limitations of ordinal scores, both methods satisfy desired properties, analysis under parametric set up for meaningful comparisons including testing of statistical hypothesis, identification of critical dimensions, ranking of the dimensions by elasticity, assessment of progress/decline of PI, etc. Method-2 offers more generalized approach satisfying time reversal test and formation of chain indices. However, test of normality is required for this method unlike the Method-1 which ensures normally distributed scores.
What is well-being? A scoping review of the conceptual and operational definitions of occupational well-being
Authors: Bautista Tara G. , Roman Gretchen , Khan Munziba , Lee Michele , Sahbaz Sumeyra , Duthely Lunthita M. , Knippenberg Alexa , Macias-Burgos Miracle A. , Davidson Alec , Scaramutti Carolina , Gabrilove Janice , Pusek Susan , Mehta Darshan , Bredella Miriam A.
Published: October 2023

Well-being is a multifaceted construct that is used across disciplines to portray a state of wellness, health, and happiness. While aspects of well-being seem universal, how it is depicted in the literature has substantial variation. The aim of this scoping review was to identify conceptual and operational definitions of well-being within the field of occupational health. Broad search terms were used related to well-being and scale/assessment. Inclusion criteria were (1) peer-reviewed articles, (2) published in English, (3) included a measure of well-being in the methods and results section of the article, and (4) empirical paper. The searches resulted in 4394 articles, 3733 articles were excluded by reading the abstract, 661 articles received a full review, and 273 articles were excluded after a full review, leaving 388 articles that met our inclusion criteria and were used to extract well-being assessment information. Many studies did not define well-being or link their conceptual definition to the operational assessment tool being used. There were 158 assessments of well-being represented across studies. Results highlight the lack of a consistent definitions of well-being and standardized measurements.
On the ergodicity of unitary frame flows on Kähler manifolds
Authors: CEKIĆ MIHAJLO , LEFEUVRE THIBAULT , MOROIANU ANDREI , SEMMELMANN UWE
Published: October 2023

Let
$(M,g,J)$
be a closed Kähler manifold with negative sectional curvature and complex dimension
$m := \dim _{\mathbb {C}} M \geq 2$
. In this article, we study the unitary frame flow, that is, the restriction of the frame flow to the principal
$\mathrm {U}(m)$
-bundle
$F_{\mathbb {C}}M$
of unitary frames. We show that if
$m \geq 6$
is even and
$m \neq 28$
, there exists
$\unicode{x3bb} (m) \in (0, 1)$
such that if
$(M, g)$
has negative
$\unicode{x3bb} (m)$
-pinched holomorphic sectional curvature, then the unitary frame flow is ergodic and mixing. The constants
$\unicode{x3bb} (m)$
satisfy
$\unicode{x3bb} (6) = 0.9330...$
,
$\lim _{m \to +\infty } \unicode{x3bb} (m) = {11}/{12} = 0.9166...$
, and
$m \mapsto \unicode{x3bb} (m)$
is decreasing. This extends to the even-dimensional case the results of Brin and Gromov [On the ergodicity of frame flows. Invent. Math.60(1) (1980), 1–7] who proved ergodicity of the unitary frame flow on negatively curved compact Kähler manifolds of odd complex dimension.
ADAM SMITH AND THE NEO-LIBERAL PARADIGM: ON THE ESSENTIAL NATURE OF TRUST, AND REBALANCING CAPITAL
Authors: MacDonald Ronald
Published: October 2023

The key aim of this article is to reassess the societal consequences of the adoption of neo-liberal policies, post-1970, in the light of the writings of Adam Smith. We make two main points: First, the neo-liberal paradigm (NLP) and its characteristics are not the creation of Adam Smith as asserted by leading economists and, indeed, the contrary is very much the case. Second, given this, what does Adam Smith’s work tell us about how we can fix modern-day capitalism broken by the NLP and bring it back in line with Smith’s work?
Association between soya food consumption and muscle strength in Chinese adolescents: evidence from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Junmin , Liu Lixin , Wang Yan , Cai Ruibao
Published: October 2023

There is a strong association between soya food consumption and health, but there are few studies on the association with muscular strength, especially in adolescent groups. This study was conducted to understand the status of soya food consumption and its association with muscular strength among secondary school students in southern China. A stratified whole-group sampling method was used to investigate and test the status of soya food consumption and muscular strength of 13 220 secondary school students in southern China. Linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the correlations between soya food consumption and muscular strength. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with secondary school students with soya food consumption ≥ 3 times/week, male students with soya food consumption ≤ 1 time/week (OR = 1·896, 95 % CI: 1·597,2·251) and female students with soya food consumption ≤ 1 time/week (OR = 2·877, 95 % CI: 2·399, 3·449) students had a higher risk of developing lower grip strength (P < 0·001). The frequency of soya food consumption among secondary school students in southern China was 49·00 %, 28·77 % and 22·23 % for ≥ 3 times/week, 2–3 times/week and ≤ 1 time/week, respectively. There is a positive association between soya food consumption and muscle strength among secondary school students in southern China. In the future, increasing the consumption of soybean products can be considered for the improvement of muscle strength.
An evaluation of parameters which affect dairy herd movement on Irish pasture-based farms
Authors: Maher Paul James , Murphy Michael D. , Egan Michael , Tuohy Patrick
Published: October 2023

In pasture-based grazing systems, farm roadways are a pivotal link to connect paddocks on the grazing platform to the milking parlour. However, their effectiveness in the efficient movement of the dairy herd between the grazing paddocks and the milking parlour has yet to be fully quantified. A validation experiment was conducted on a research farm to analyse characteristics on farm roadways that may affect cow throughput, which was observed as the number of cows per minute (CPM) passing a specified location. Roadway width (R2 = 0.96) and surface condition score (SC) (R2 = 0.78, respectively) were both positively associated with CPM. Public road crossings imposed a 32.7% reduction in CPM in this study. CPM increased from 12.4 CPM on a one-metre-wide roadway with a SC of Index 1 to 107.6 CPM on a five-metre roadway with a SC of Index 5. This exercise allowed for CPM on commercial farms to be predicted. Farm roadways were examined across 55 Irish dairy farms. Greater roadway width, reduced verge width and greater water run-off were each associated with higher SC on commercial farms. Larger herd sizes had a lower CPM relative to herd size in contrast to smaller herd sizes, resulting in a significantly longer total time to move the dairy herd through any specific point on the farm roadway network. The findings from this study have quantified the parameters which affect both CPM on commercial farm roadways and parameters which may be associated with SC on commercial farm roadways.
Emotion dysregulation in bipolar disorder compared to other mental illnesses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: De Prisco Michele , Oliva Vincenzo , Fico Giovanna , Radua Joaquim , Grande Iria , Roberto Natalia , Anmella Gerard , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Fornaro Michele , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Serretti Alessandro , Vieta Eduard , Murru Andrea
Published: October 2023

People with bipolar disorder (BD) often present emotion dysregulation (ED), a pattern of emotional expression interfering with goal-directed behavior. ED is a transdiagnostic construct, and it is unclear whether it manifests itself similarly in other conditions, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD), or has specific features in BD. The present systematic review and meta-analysis explored ED and adopted emotion regulation (ER) strategies in BD compared with other psychiatric conditions. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from inception to April 28th, 2022. Studies implementing validated instruments assessing ED or ER strategies in BD and other psychiatric disorders were reviewed, and meta-analyses were conducted. Twenty-nine studies yielding multiple comparisons were included. BD was compared to MDD in 20 studies (n = 2451), to BPD in six studies (n = 1001), to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in three studies (n = 232), to anxiety disorders in two studies (n = 320), to schizophrenia in one study (n = 223), and to post-traumatic stress disorder in one study (n = 31). BD patients did not differ from MDD patients in adopting most adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies. However, small-to-moderate differences in positive rumination and risk-taking behaviors were observed. In contrast, patients with BPD presented an overall higher degree of ED and more maladaptive ER strategies. There were insufficient data for a meta-analytic comparison with other psychiatric disorders. The present report further supports the idea that ED is a transdiagnostic construct spanning a continuum across different psychiatric disorders, outlining specific clinical features that could represent potential therapeutic targets.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with post-COVID-19 condition (CBT-PCC): a feasibility trial
Authors: Huth Daniel , Bräscher Anne-Kathrin , Tholl Sarah , Fiess Johanna , Birke Gunnar , Herrmann Christoph , Jöbges Michael , Mier Daniela , Witthöft Michael
Published: October 2023

Background

The post-COVID-19 condition describes the persistence or onset of somatic symptoms (e.g. fatigue) after acute COVID-19. Based on an existing cognitive-behavioral treatment protocol, we developed a specialized group intervention for individuals with post-COVID-19 condition. The present study examines the feasibility, acceptance, and effectiveness of the program for inpatients in a neurological rehabilitation setting.

Methods

The treatment program comprises eight sessions and includes psychoeducational and experience-based interventions on common psychophysiological mechanisms of persistent somatic symptoms. A feasibility trial was conducted using a one-group design in a naturalistic setting. N = 64 inpatients with a history of mild COVID-19 that fulfilled WHO criteria for post-COVID-19 condition were enrolled. After each session, evaluation forms were completed and psychometric questionnaires on somatic and psychopathological symptom burden were collected pre- and post-intervention.

Results

The treatment program was well received by participants and therapists. Each session was rated as comprehensible and overall satisfaction with the sessions was high. Pre-post effect sizes (of standard rehabilitation incl. new treatment program; intention-to-treat) showed significantly reduced subjective fatigue (p < 0.05, dav = 0.33) and improved disease coping (ps < 0.05, dav = 0.33–0.49).

Conclusions

Our results support the feasibility and acceptance of the newly developed cognitive-behavioral group intervention for individuals with post-COVID-19 condition. Yet, findings have to be interpreted cautiously due to the lack of a control group and follow-up measurement, the small sample size, and a relatively high drop-out rate.
A British Labor Settlement Experiment and the Socioeconomic Experience of the Chuah Tamil Settlement in British Malaya
Authors: Ranie Thivya , Sundara Raja Sivachandralingam
Published: October 2023

We explore the socioeconomic experience of a group of south Indian Tamil laborers and their families who established the Chuah Tamil agricultural settlement in British Malaya during the Great Depression. These were laborers who, though unemployed, refused to be repatriated to south India. Progressing from subsistence farming to small-scale agricultural production, their settlement evolved into an organized, socioeconomic system. It was also a critical field experiment for the British to assess the viability of a self-generating labor pool. In this article, we examine the social history of the settlers and the development of the Chuah Tamil colony within the context of Britain's overarching desire to create a labor source. Our study contributes to the reconciliation of microsocial history and colonialism, as well as to global labor history more broadly, by situating the settlers’ experience and the settlement itself in relation to historical contemporaries.
Design and stability analysis of semi-implicit cascaded proportional-derivative controller for underactuated cart-pole inverted pendulum system
Authors: Lei Changyi , Li Ruobing , Zhu Quanmin
Published: October 2023

This article proposes a control method for underactuated cartpole systems using semi-implicit cascaded proportional-derivative (PD) controller. The proposed controller is composed of two conventional PD controllers, which stabilizes the pole and the cart second-order dynamics respectively. The first PD controller is realized by transforming the pole dynamics into a virtual PD controller, with the coupling term exploited as the internal tracking target for the cart dynamics. Then, the second PD controller manipulates the cart dynamics to track that internal target. The solution to the internal tracking target relies on an equation set and features a semi-implicit process, which exploits the internal dynamics of the system. Besides, the design of second PD controller relies on the parameters of the first PD controller in a cascaded manner. A stability analysis approach based on Jacobian matrix is proposed and implemented for this fourth-order system. The proposed method is simple in design and intuitive to comprehend. The simulation results illustrate the superiority of proposed method compared with conventional double-loop PD controller in terms of convergence, with the theoretical conclusion of at least locally asymptotic stability.
Hard Choices: How Does Injustice Affect the Ethics of Medical Aid in Dying?
Authors: Kious Brent M.
Published: October 2023

Critics of medical aid in dying (MAID) often argue that it is impermissible because background social conditions are insufficiently good for some persons who would utilize it. I provide a critical evaluation of this view. I suggest that receiving MAID is a sort of “hard choice,” in that death is prima facie bad for the individual and only promotes that person’s interests in special circumstances. Those raising this objection to MAID are, I argue, concerned primarily about the effects of injustice on hard choices. I show, however, that MAID and other hard choices are not always invalidated by injustice and that what matters is whether the injustice can be remediated given certain constraints. Injustice invalidates a hard choice when it can, reasonably, be remedied in a way that makes a person’s life go better. I consider the implications of this view for law and policy regarding MAID.
Twinning across the Adriatic: history, memory and municipal co-operation between Italy and Yugoslavia during the Cold War
Authors: Klabjan Borut
Published: October 2023

The heritage of World War II left an indelible mark on the relations between Italy and Yugoslavia. During the détente period, however, these two countries were able to overcome many historical resentments and established a fruitful co-operation in Cold War Europe. This article questions the engagement on state, regional and municipal levels and analyses the role of twin cities in this multilayered process. With the help of primary sources, we learn how the heritage of World War II played an important role in building new forms of post-war co-operation. In fact, post-war twinning is often the result of shared anti-fascist activities from the war years. However, this is not confined to communist municipalities or ‘red’ regions in Italy on one side, and socialist Yugoslavia on the other, but is a more fluid and flexible practice which involves historical ties, geographical positions, personal capacities and economic needs.
Single catheter 3D volume-based hybrid inverse planning optimisation in IVBT can improve organ sparing
Authors: Barik Bijay Kumar , Jena Juliepriya , Sahoo Dillip Kumar , Muraleedharan Anupam Kumar , Parida Santosh Kumar , Mohapatra Bikash Ranjan , Barik Sandip Kumar , Das Deepak Kumar , Das Majumdar Saroj Kumar , Parida Dillip Kumar
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

To analyse the dosimetric benefit of the hybrid inverse planning optimisation (HIPO) planning method over the graphical optimisation (GrO) planning method for 3D volume-based intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) in a mono-centre patient cohort.

Material and methods:

Twenty-five patients surgically staged with endometrial cancer were considered for the study. All the patients had received adjuvant IVBT for three fractions with one-time computed tomography image-based planning. The data on the patient, tumour, plan, and treatment characteristics were retrieved from the database. All the plans were re-optimised with GrO and HIPO techniques for this comparison study. The different dosimetric parameters were compared between the two methods, and the collected data were tabulated and shown graphically. The statistical evaluation was performed with IBM SPSS version 26, and Origin Pro 8.5 was employed for plots.

Results:

HIPO plans show similar target coverage in terms of D 90(%), V 95(%) and conformity index with no significant statistical difference from the GrO plans with an acceptable increase in homogeneity index (0·087 ± 0·062%). It succeeds in achieving a statistically significant reduction of dose to organs at risk such as D0·1 cc, D1·0 cc and D2·0 cc for the bladder (11·59%, 4·8% and 3·99%), rectum (41·33%, 16·9% and 16·05%) and sigmoid (20·97%, 13·53% and 11·21%), respectively, in comparison with GrO optimisation.

Conclusion:

Considering the dosimetric outcome of 3D-based IVBT, it is suggested to adopt inverse optimisation techniques like HIPO over GrO to achieve higher quality treatment plan in terms of adequate target dose and lesser dose to OARs.
The agent, the structure, and space in Japan's foreign relations: rethinking international political dynamics as Aidagara
Authors: Tamaki Taku
Published: October 2023

This article leverages Watsuji Tetsurō's idea of aidagara – “inter-relationships” – to better appreciate the interpenetration of space and relationships in Japanese foreign policy narratives. I set Watsuji's philosophical framework against Japanese foreign policy narratives referring to various spaces as a case study to emphasizing the interplay of space and relationships in Japanese diplomatic efforts. On the one hand, we see the Japanese government invoking East Asia, the Asia-Pacific, and the Indo-Pacific as spatial descriptors to conceptualize the political dynamics surrounding them. On the other hand, Japan's relations with its interlocutors reify fluid geographical boundaries as spaces relevant for Japan's foreign relations. Thus, Watsuji helps us to rethink international politics as an aidagara in which the space produces political relationships, while political relationships themselves reproduce, or even redefine, space.
A simple analytical approach to calculate the kinetic thermal evaporation parameters of extractable crude oil from shale
Authors: WANG Yiwei , WANG Zixiang , CHEN Xudong , CHEN Kankan
Published: October 2023

The kinetic characteristics of crude oil pyrolysis experiments form the basis for quantitative analysis of shale oil content in Rock-Eval pyrolysis experiments. To study the thermal evaporation kinetics of crude oil in shale, pyrolysis experiments of whole source rock sample and post-extracted sample were carried out on Rock-Eval 6 with the heating rates of 5, 15 and 25°C min−1, respectively. The thermal evaporation of crude oil can be described using a parallel first-order reaction model. A simple method for calculating the kinetic characteristics of the thermal evaporation of extracted crude oil is proposed.
Nature-based solutions for floods AND droughts AND biodiversity: Do we have sufficient proof of their functioning?
Authors: Penning Ellis , Peñailillo Burgos Reinaldo , Mens Marjolein , Dahm Ruben , de Bruijn Karin
Published: October 2023

Climate change and human-modified landscapes have led to an increase in global flood and drought risks, while biodiversity has declined. The concept of using nature-based solutions (NbS) to improve the water retention capacity at the landscape scale, also known as ‘sponge functioning of catchments,’ has been recognised to help reduce and delay peak flows and stimulate infiltration to the groundwater, thus reducing flood and drought risks. Although various effects of NbS have been demonstrated, there is limited evaluation of the combined multiple benefits for flood risk reduction, drought risk reduction, and biodiversity. To address this gap, we analysed various online databases on NbS and additional literature on the evaluated combined effects of NbS. We found that the quantitative evaluation of NbS is fragmented and not standard practice in many projects. Although many successfully implemented NbS have been reported in different environments globally, most cases lack evidence for their response to the combined impacts of floods, droughts, and biodiversity. Therefore, we propose four components to facilitate planning, design, implementation, and monitoring of NbS that improve sponge functioning for floods and droughts. First, we suggest increased understanding of how NbS affects the hydrological processes of both flood and drought events along the full range of potential conditions. Second, we recommend evaluating the effect of potential NbS measures at a landscape scale. Third, we propose that integrated modelling and upscaling techniques should be improved to quantify the impacts of NbS. Finally, we suggest using a consistent and socially relevant set of indicators to evaluate the NbS and communicate this with stakeholders. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates a need for more comprehensive and standardised evaluation of NbS, particularly in relation to their combined impacts on floods, droughts, and biodiversity.
Enhancing winter rye termination by mixing glyphosate with other herbicides using water or UAN as the carrier
Authors: Noorenberghe Olivia M. , Sikkema Peter H. , Cowbrough Michael J. , Hooker David C. , Soltani Nader , Tardif François J.
Published: October 2023

Herbicides are often used to terminate cover crops. Producers would like to use herbicides that work quickly, are effective, and do not increase the risk of selecting herbicide-resistant weeds. Eight experiments were conducted to determine whether mixing glyphosate (900 g a.e. ha−1) with rimsulfuron (15 g a.i. ha−1), mesotrione (100 g a.i. ha−1), or rimsulfuron + mesotrione enhances winter rye control and to ascertain whether using urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) as the herbicide carrier improves and accelerates herbicide efficacy. Winter rye control was assessed 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after application (WAA) and biomass was measured 4 WAA. The addition of rimsulfuron, mesotrione, or rimsulfuron + mesotrione to glyphosate did not enhance winter rye control. Similarly, using UAN as the herbicide carrier did not improve or accelerate herbicide efficacy. Glyphosate alone provided the greatest level of winter rye control. The addition of rimsulfuron, mesotrione, or rimsulfuron + mesotrione to glyphosate did not increase the level or speed of control. However, mixing glyphosate with rimsulfuron, mesotrione, or rimsulfuron + mesotrione adds other modes of action without compromising winter rye control.
Use of low tunnels to describe effects of herbicide, adjuvant, and target surface on dicamba volatility
Authors: Zaccaro-Gruener Maria Leticia , Norsworthy Jason K. , Piveta Leonard B. , Barber L. Tom , Mauromoustakos Andy , Mueller Thomas C. , Roberts Trenton L.
Published: October 2023

Investigations of the relevance of low-tunnel methodology and air sampling concerning the off-target movement of dicamba were conducted from 2018 to 2022, focused primarily on volatility. This research, divided into three experiments, evaluated the impact of herbicides and adjuvants added to dicamba and the type of surface treated on dicamba volatility. Treatment combinations included glyphosate and glufosinate, the presence of a simulated contamination rate of ammonium sulfate (AMS), the benefit of a volatility reduction agent (VRA), and a vegetated (dicamba-resistant cotton) or soil surface treated with dicamba. Volatility assessments included air sampling collected over 48 h. Dicamba treatments were applied four times to each of two bare soil or cotton trays and placed inside the tunnels. Dicamba from air samples was extracted and quantified. Field assessments included the maximum and average visible injury in bioindicator soybean and the lateral movement of dicamba damage expressed by the farthest distance from the center of the plots to the position in which plants exhibited 5% injury. Adding glufosinate and glyphosate to dicamba increased the dicamba amount in air samples. A simulated tank contamination rate of AMS (0.005% v/v) did not affect dicamba emissions compared to a treatment lacking AMS. Adding a VRA reduced dicamba in air samples by 70% compared to treatment without the adjuvant. Dicamba treatments applied on vegetation generally produced greater detectable amounts of dicamba than treatments applied to bare soil. Field assessment results usually followed differences in dicamba concentration by treatments tested. Results showed that low-tunnel methodology allowed simultaneous comparisons of several treatment combinations concerning dicamba volatility.
Effectiveness of manual lymphatic drainage and intermittent pneumatic	compression in lymphedema maintenance therapy
Authors: Mendoza Erika , Amsler Felix
Published: October 2023

Summary: Background: To compare the effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and/or manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) associated to compression stockings in the maintenance treatment of lymphedema. Patients and methods: Patients in the maintenance phase of lymphedema therapy with MLD and compression since more than a year with stable values for weight and circumferences of ankle and calf were asked to participate in a study: Compression had to be worn daily, (1) 4 weeks IPC+MLD, (2) 4 weeks MLD alone, (3) 4 Weeks IPC alone (Order 1 and 3 was randomized). At the beginning and after each 4 weeks, circumference measurements (by hand and by machine: BT600®, Bauerfeind) were documented, pain and discomfort were assessed, and quality-of-life questionnaires were completed. Results: Of 20 participants, 18 (14 female, 4 male), mean age 59.6 years (48–89) could be evaluated. 11 subjects had bilateral, 7 unilateral, 5 primary, 13 secondary lymphedema since 2–20 years (mean 7.7), the subjects had received MLD and compression for 2–14 years (mean 6.4), 1–3 times per week (mean 1.5). The BMI ranged between 21 and 47 (mean 33.7). No differences between any phases were found for: Calf and thigh volume, circumference of calf. Only the ankle circumference was significant less (−0.22 cm) when using “both” (IPC+MLD). Compared to before the study, quality of life was better in all three phases, but with a significantly higher improvement in the phases with IPC than in the phases without. Conclusions: There were no differences in objective measurement between MLD alone, IPC alone or both, excepting the minimal significant difference in ankle circumference after IPC+MLD. QOL favored IPC application. Considering the economic consequences of these results, a change of maintenance therapy with MLD weekly over years in favor of permanent care with IPC and few appointments of MLD per year should be considered and further investigated.
Pilotstudie zu Erfahrungsfokussierter Beratung durch Pflegende bei Menschen, die Stimmen hören
Authors: Burr Christian , Schnackenberg Joachim , Richter Dirk , Weidner Frank
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Stimmenhören wie auch die Behandlung und Unterstützung von Menschen, die unter Stimmenhören leiden werden in der Psychiatrie unterschiedlich definiert. Entgegen dem medizinischen Ansatz, Stimmen als Symptome einer Erkrankung zu definieren und zu behandeln, setzt die mit Stimmenhörenden entwickelte EFC-Beratung auf Akzeptanz und einen konstruktiven Umgang mit den Stimmen. Zur Verbreitung und Anwendung von alternativen therapeutischen Ansätzen in der Praxis, sind psychiatrische Pflegefachpersonen mit ihrem Alltagsbezug prädestiniert. Ziel: Das Ziel war die Überprüfung der Umsetzung des Studienplans als Teil einer Pilotstudie bezüglich dessen Eignung für eine größere Studie. Methode: Die multizentrische Pilotstudie hatte ein einfach verblindetes, randomisiertes, kontrolliertes Design. Die Intervention bestand aus der EFC-Beratung durch Pflegefachpersonen. Die Eignung des Studienplans wurde bezüglich Rekrutierung, Belastung der Studienteilnehmenden, Eignung der Assessmentinstrumente, Anwendung der EFC-Beratung und des Einsatzes von Study-Nurses evaluiert. Resultate: In den beiden Studienzentren konnten wie geplant innerhalb von 15 Monaten 21 Teilnehmende in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Die Teilnehmenden bewerteten die Studie insgesamt als wenig belastend und die Intervention als hilfreich. Die Anwendung der EFC-Beratung durch die Pflegenden und der Einsatz von Study-Nurses wurde als gut respektive zielführend eingeschätzt. Diskussion: Die Evaluation des Studienplans zeigt, dass sich dieser für die Durchführung einer größeren Studie mit kleineren Anpassungen am Protokoll eignet.
Leader's Conveyed Emotional Labor and Leadership Evaluations
Authors: Raymondie Romain A. , Steiner Dirk D.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: We examined whether leader gender moderated the relationship between leader's conveyed emotional labor (EL) strategies and followers’ leadership evaluations [effectiveness, trust, leader–member exchange (LMX)]. Participants read a fictitious interview of a CEO (male/female) reflecting on their strategy (surface acting/deep acting/genuine displays) to express emotions. The results suggest that conveyed EL influenced evaluations of female, but not male, leaders for the three measures. Notably, females received better trust evaluations for genuine displays (vs. surface and deep acting), whereas males received similar evaluations across EL strategies. Although less clear for effectiveness and LMX ratings, the results suggest leader EL might influence evaluations of female (vs. male) leaders more strongly. This study sheds light on the role of gender stereotypes in evaluations of leaders performing EL.
Projecting Diversity Conflicts of Future Land System Pathways in China Under Anthropogenic and Climate Forcing
Authors: Lin Xin , Jiao Xin , Tian Zhiqiang , Sun Qiangqiang , Zhang Yongxiang , Zhang Ping , Ji Zhengxin , Chen Lu , Lun Fei , Chang Xiao , Liu Wen , Liu Ming , Sun Danfeng
Published: October 2023

Predicting future land system changes driven by anthropogenic and climactic impacts can help to explore adaptation and mitigation pathways for regional and global sustainable development. Here, we project land cover changes in China from 2030 to 2100 at a resolution of 1 km × 1 km under eight scenarios based on the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenraioMIP), which are extracted from Land Use Harmonization version 2 (LUH2). We use a rule‐based method to classify and map 9 land cover dynamic trajectories at patch scale to present land system changes. At the provincial scale we used hierarchical clustering to identify archetypes of land cover change, which can predict ecological risks for future management in western provinces. Our results reveal that anthropogenic mitigation policies under high mitigation pressure do not result in positive impacts on the land system, but rising temperatures will provide a great opportunity for ecological restoration in some regions.
Paleomagnetic Constraint on the Age of the Shyok Suture Zone
Authors: Martin Craig R. , Jagoutz Oliver , Upadhyay Rajeev , van Tongeren Jill A. , Mueller Paul A. , Weiss Benjamin P.
Published: October 2023

The India‐Eurasia collision is a key case study for understanding the influence of plate tectonic processes on Earth's crust, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. However, the timing of the final India‐Eurasia continental collision is debated due to significant uncertainty in the age of the collision between the Kohistan‐Ladakh arc (KLA) and Eurasia along the Shyok suture zone. Here we present paleomagnetic results that constrain the Karakoram terrane in northwest India to a paleolatitude of 19.9 ± 8.9°N between 93 and 75 million years ago (Ma). Our results show that the Karakoram terrane was situated on the southern margin of Eurasia in the Late‐Cretaceous. Our results indicate that the KLA and Eurasian continent had a not converged until <61.6 Ma, placing a Paleocene older limit on the age of final closure of the Shyok suture zone. This suggests that the India‐Eurasia collision in northwestern India likely occurred after the closure of the oceanic basin between the KLA and Eurasia. The Paleocene collision event affecting India that has been widely interpreted to represent final India‐Eurasia collision instead records the arc‐continent collision between the KLA and the northern edge of India prior to final India‐Eurasia collision. Final India‐Eurasia collision in northwest India most likely occurred after the closure of the oceanic basin between the KLA and Eurasia.
Algal Blooms in Lakes in China Over the Past Two Decades: Patterns, Trends, and Drivers
Authors: Wang Ying , Feng Lian , Hou Xuejiao
Published: October 2023

Many lakes in China suffer from algal bloom problems. However, the spatial and temporal distribution of lacustrine algal blooms at the national scale has not been well characterized. Here, we developed an automated algal bloom surface scums (hereafter referred to as algal bloom) detection algorithm for Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images based on a normalized floating algal index and the Commission on Illumination colorimetry system. This algorithm was then applied to 35,556 daily MODIS images acquired between 2003 and 2020 to hindcast the spatial and temporal dynamics of lacustrine algal blooms in 171 lakes in China. The results show that 103 (60.2%) of the examined lakes have been affected by algal blooms over the past two decades, and the bloom occurrence in 95 lakes showed an increasing trend. The prevailing increasing trends of algal blooms in Chinese lakes were also manifested by an earlier onset time and prolonged potential occurrence period. We found that approximately 80% of the historical algal blooms occurred under calm water surfaces (wind speed <3 m/s) and high temperatures (>16°C), and we revealed positive correlations between bloom occurrence and fertilizer use. We further demonstrated that the increasing trends in algal blooms were highly linked to recent increases in air temperature. The results here not only highlight the severe lacustrine algal bloom problems in China but also provide important baseline information for lake management and restoration efforts for the government.
GNSS Scintillations in the Cusp, and the Role of Precipitating Particle Energy Fluxes
Authors: Ivarsen Magnus F. , Jin Yaqi , Spicher Andres , St‐Maurice Jean‐Pierre , Park Jaeheung , Billett Daniel
Published: October 2023

Using a large data set of ground‐based GNSS scintillation observations coupled with in situ particle detector data, we perform a statistical analysis of both the input energy flux from precipitating particles, and the observed occurrence of density irregularities in the northern hemisphere cusp. By examining trends in the two data sets relating to geomagnetic activity, we conclude that observations of irregularities in the cusp grows increasingly likely during storm‐time, whereas the precipitating particle energy flux does not. We thus find a weak or nonexistent statistical link between geomagnetic activity and precipitating particle energy flux in the cusp. This is a result of a previously documented tendency for the cusp energy flux to maximize during northward IMF, when density irregularities tend not to be widespread, as we demonstrate. At any rate, even though ionization and subsequent density gradients directly caused by soft electron precipitation in the cusp are not to be ignored for the trigger of irregularities, our results point to the need to scrutinize additional physical processes for the creation of irregularities causing scintillations in and around the cusp. While numerous phenomena known to cause density irregularities have been identified and described, there is a need for a systematic evaluation of the conditions under which the various destabilizing mechanisms become important and how they sculpt the observed ionospheric “irregularity landscape.” As such, we call for a quantitative assessment of the role of particle precipitation in the cusp, given that other factors contribute to the production of irregularities in a major way.