bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A role for gp210 in mitotic nuclear-envelope breakdown
Authors: Galy Vincent , Antonin Wolfram , Jaedicke Andreas , Sachse Martin , Santarella Rachel , Haselmann Uta , Mattaj Iain
Published: January 2008

The cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of animal cells mix during mitosis on disassembly of the nuclear envelope (NE). NE breakdown (NEBD) involves the dispersion of the nuclear membranes and associated proteins, including nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and the nuclear lamina. Among the approximately 30 NPC components known, few contain transmembrane domains. gp210 is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein of metazoan NPCs. We show that both RNAi-mediated depletion and mutation of Caenorhabditis elegans gp210 affect NEBD in early embryonic cells, preventing lamin depolymerization and leading to the formation of twinned nuclei after mitosis owing to physical interference with normal chromosome alignment and segregation. When added to in vitro assembled nuclei, antibodies specific for the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of gp210 completely blocked NEBD. This treatment inhibited mitotic hyper-phosphorylation of gp210. Phosphorylation of gp210 is proposed to be mediated by cyclin-B–cdc2 and we show that depletion of cyclin B from C. elegans embryos also leads to a nuclear-twinning phenotype. In summary, we show that gp210 is important for efficient NPC disassembly and NEBD and suggest that phosphorylation of gp210 is an early event in NEBD that is required for lamin disassembly and other aspects of NEBD.
Photochemical and Photophysical Characteristics in the Excited State Properties of Methoxy-substituted Enediynes
Authors: Yoshimura Nao , Momotake Atsuya , Shinohara Yoshihiro , Nishimura Yoshinobu , Arai Tatsuo
Published: January 2008

Effects of methoxy substituent on the phenyl ring of cis isomer of enediynes were explored. All the cis isomers exhibited fluorescence emission with moderate efficiency. Furthermore, the ortho-substituted compounds showed red shift of the fluorescence emission even though crystallographic analysis suggests that the single bond connecting the phenyl ring and carbon–carbon triple bond takes considerably twisted conformation.
Trading translation with RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Abaza Irina , Gebauer Fátima
Published: January 2008

RNA-binding proteins regulate every aspect of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA trafficking, stability, and translation. This review summarizes the available information on molecular mechanisms of translational repression by RNA-binding proteins. By using a specific set of well-defined examples, we also describe how regulation can be reversed.
Beware the tyranny of impact factors
Authors: Smith R.
Published: February 2008

The application and interpretation of the impact factor of a journal is fraught with problems, some of which are explored in this editorial.
Sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Blyth S , Blakeborough A , Peterson M , Cameron IC , Majeed AW
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of colorectal liver metastases.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Pre-operative MRI scanning of the liver was performed by a single radiologist and the size and number of definite liver metastases were recorded. Patients then underwent hepatectomy with routine intra-operative ultrasonography (IOUS) and resected specimens were sent for histopathology. Pathology findings were compared with those of MRI scans to determine the sensitivity of this imaging modality. Exclusions were patients undergoing hepatic resection more than 4 weeks after the MRI scan, those undergoing chemotherapy at the time of the scan, and those with conglomerate unilobar metastases.

RESULTS

Complete data were available for 84 patients. There was total agreement between MRI, IOUS and histology in 79 patients (101 metastases). MRI missed 5 metastases in 5 patients that were found on IOUS (or palpation of superficial lesions) and subsequently confirmed by histological examination. These measured 5 mm or less (4 patients) and 7 mm (one patient). The sensitivity of MRI in the detection of colorectal liver metastases was thus 94% for all lesions and 100% for lesions 1 cm or larger in diameter.

CONCLUSIONS

MRI of the liver is a non-invasive technique with an extremely high degree of sensitivity in the detection of colorectal liver metastases and should be considered as the ‘gold standard’ in the pre-operative imaging of these patients.
Potential Influence of Antisecretory Therapy on the Development of Candida-Associated Intraabdominal Infection
Authors: Cat Tram B , Charash William , Hebert James , Marden Brian T , Corbett Stephanie Mallow , Ahem John , Rebuck Jill A
Published: January 2008

Background:

Concerns surrounding the potential extra gut complication of gastric acid suppression are becoming increasingly realized.

Objective:

To determine whether chronic antisecretory treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or histamine2-receptor antagonist (H2RA) is associated with the presence of Candida spp. in cases of complicated intraabdominal infection.

Methods:

We conducted a case-controlled study of adult surgical intensive care unit patients with complicated intraabdominal infection during a 5-year period. Exclusion criteria consisted at primary peritonitis, diagnosis of intraabdominal infection more than 72 hours before hospital admission, or a stay in the intensive care unit of less than 72 hours. Patients were categorized into either the antisecretory group (H2RA or PPI therapy prior to admission) or control group (no prior antisecretory therapy).

Results:

One hundred eighteen patients met inclusion criteria. Chronic antisecretory (n = 41) and control (n = 77) patients were similar except in median age (69.0 vs 59.0 y; p = 0.026) and preadmission antibiotic use (36.6% vs 15.6%; p = 0.010). The 2 groups had a similar proportion of patients with Candida (30.3% vs 32.1%; p = 0.857); the cultures included C, albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis. Yeast was recovered more often in patients diagnosed with community-acquired intraabdominal infection and in patients who had used PPIs before hospital admission (p = 0.066). Additionally, Candida was cultured more often in antisecretory patients with a history ol prior abdominal surgery than in control patients (91.7% vs 62.5%; p = 0.066).

Conclusions:

No significant difference was found in the number of patients in the antisecretory and control groups from whom peritoneal Candida was recovered. However, patients with prior abdominal surgery and those in the community with chronic PPI use may be predisposed to Candida-associated intraabdominal infections.
Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Associated with Antidepressant Use in Patients with Depression: A Population-Based, Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Chen Van , Guo Jeff J , Li Hong , Wulsin Lawson , Patel Nick C
Published: January 2008

Background:

Given the widespread use of antidepressants and the negative consequence of cerebrovascular events (CVEs), an evaluation of the risk of CVEs associated with antidepressants is warranted.

Objective:

To examine the association between the use of an antidepressant and risk of CVEs among patients diagnosed with depression.

Methods:

A case-control study was performed using a managed care medical claims database from 1998 through 2002. A total of 1086 cases with CVEs were identified and matched with 6515 controls by age, sex, and the year ol the index date of depression Case patients were categorized by stroke type: hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and other CVEs. Diagnoses of depression, CVEs, and other medical comorbidities were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. Patients were defined as current users (antidepressant ended ≤30 days before CVE). recent users (31–60 days before CVE), past users {61–90 days before CVE), and remote/nonusers (≥91 days before CVE or nonuse). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to estimate the risk of CVEs associated with antidepressant use.

Results:

A 24% increased risk of a CVE was noted in patients with current exposure to selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; adjusted hazard ratio [HR) 1.24; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.44), 34% increased risk for current exposure to tricyclic antidepressants (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.62), and 43% increased risk for current exposure toother antidepressants (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.69). The risk of ischemic stroke in current SSRI users was significantly higher (HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.39) compared with remote/nonusers.

Conclusions:

Current users of antidepressants may be at increased risk of a CVE. Clinicians should consider the relationship of antidepressants with the occurrence of CVEs when determining the risk-benefit profile of pharmacologic treatment in patients with depression, particularly those with existing risk factors for a CVE.
Clinical Experience with Daptomycin for the Treatment of Patients with Documented Gram-Positive Septic Arthritis
Authors: Forrest Graeme N , Donovan Brian J , Lamp Kenneth C , Friedrich Lawrence V
Published: January 2008

Background:

Septic arthritis is considered a rheumatologic emergency that can lead lo joint destruction and tong-term impairment of joint function, Daptomycin is bactericidal in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, the primary pathogen associated with septic arthritis.

Objective:

To describe the use of daptomycin in patients with septic arthritis,

Methods:

Data were collected as part of the Cubicin Outcomes Registry and Experience (CORE) program, a retrospective, observational, multicenter study, to describe the clinical use of daptomycin. Efficacy at the end of daptomycin therapy was determined by each center's investigator(s) as cure, improved, failure, or nonevaluable. Patients who had a diagnosis of septic arthritis, excluding concomitant osteomyelitis, as well as a positive culture by needle aspirate or deep tissue biopsy, were selected from the combined 2005 and 2006 CORE database.

Results:

Twenty-two patients were included in this analysis. S. aureus was the most common pathogen isolated, with the majority resistant lo methicillin. All patients received an antibiotic prior to daptomycin; in 7 patients, at least one of the prior antibiotics was continued with daptomycin. Almost two-thirds of patients received an antibiotic with daptomycin; rifampin was the most common. The median final dose and duration of daptomycin therapy were S mg/kg (range 3–6.3) and 22 days (range 3–52), respectively. Eighty-two percent of patients received daptomycin while admitted to a hospital; however, 68% received at least part ol their daptomycin therapy as an outpatient. The outcomes of cure or improved were reported in 41% and 50% of the patients, respectively. Two adverse events were reported; neither was considered to be related to daptomycin.

Conclusions:

Daptomycin appeared to be effective when used as part of a treatment regimen for septic arthritis. These results require verification via a prospective clinical trial.
Cue-Elicited Reward-Seeking Requires Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation in the Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Shiflett Michael W. , Martini Ross P. , Mauna Jocelyn C. , Foster Rebecca L. , Peet Eloise , Thiels Edda
Published: February 2008

The motivation to seek out rewards can come under the control of stimuli associated with reward delivery. The ability of cues to motivate reward-seeking behavior depends on the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The molecular mechanisms in the NAcc that underlie the ability of a cue to motivate reward-seeking are not well understood. We examined whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), an important intracellular signaling pathway in learning and memory, has a role in these motivational processes. We first examined p42 ERK (ERK2) activation in the NAcc after rats were trained to associate an auditory stimulus with food delivery and found that, as a consequence of training, presentation of the auditory cue itself was sufficient to increase ERK2 activation in the NAcc. To examine whether inhibition of ERK in the NAcc prevents cue-induced reward-seeking, we infused an inhibitor of ERK, U0126, into the NAcc before assessing rats' instrumental responding in the presence versus absence of the conditioned cue. We found that, whereas vehicle-infused rats showed increased instrumental responding during cue presentation, rats infused with U0126 showed a profound impairment in cue-induced instrumental responding. In contrast, intra-NAcc U0126 infusion had no effect on rats' food-reinforced instrumental responding or their ability to execute conditioned approach behavior. Our results demonstrate learning-related changes in ERK signaling in the NAcc, and that disruption of ERK activation in this structure interferes with the incentive-motivational effects of conditioned stimuli. The molecular mechanisms described here may have implications for cue-elicited drug craving after repeated exposure to drugs of abuse.
Parallel Processing of Nociceptive A-δ Inputs in SII and Midcingulate Cortex in Humans
Authors: Frot Maud , Mauguière François , Magnin Michel , Garcia-Larrea Luis
Published: January 2008

The cingulate cortex (CC) as a part of the “medial” pain subsystem is generally assumed to be involved in the affective and/or cognitive dimensions of pain processing, which are viewed as relatively slow processes compared with the sensory-discriminative pain coding by the lateral second somatosensory area (SII)–insular cortex. The present study aimed at characterizing the location and timing of the CC evoked responses during the 1 s period after a painful laser stimulus, by exploring the whole rostrocaudal extent of this cortical area using intracortical recordings in humans. Only a restricted area in the median CC region responded to painful stimulation, namely the posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC), the location of which is consistent with the so-called “motor CC” in monkeys. Cingulate pain responses showed two components, of which the earliest peaked at latencies similar to those obtained in SII. These data provide direct evidence that activations underlying the processing of nociceptive information can occur simultaneously in the “medial” and “lateral” subsystems. The existence of short-latency pMCC responses to pain further indicates that the “medial pain system” is not devoted exclusively to the processing of emotional information, but is also involved in fast attentional orienting and motor withdrawal responses to pain inputs. These functions are, not surprisingly, conducted in parallel with pain intensity coding and stimulus localization specifically subserved by the sensory-discriminative “lateral” pain system.
Structural and Single-Channel Results Indicate That the Rates of Ligand Binding Domain Closing and Opening Directly Impact AMPA Receptor Gating
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cho Yoonsang , Lolis Elias , Howe James R.
Published: January 2008

At most excitatory central synapses, glutamate is released from presynaptic terminals and binds to postsynaptic AMPA receptors, initiating a series of conformational changes that result in ion channel opening. Efficient transmission at these synapses requires that glutamate binding to AMPA receptors results in rapid and near-synchronous opening of postsynaptic receptor channels. In addition, if the information encoded in the frequency of action potential discharge is to be transmitted faithfully, glutamate must dissociate from the receptor quickly, enabling the synapse to discriminate presynaptic action potentials that are spaced closely in time.

The current view is that the efficacy of agonists is directly related to the extent to which ligand binding results in closure of the binding domain. For glutamate to dissociate from the receptor, however, the binding domain must open. Previously, we showed that mutations in glutamate receptor subunit 2 that should destabilize the closed conformation not only sped deactivation but also altered the relative efficacy of glutamate and quisqualate. Here we present x-ray crystallographic and single-channel data that support the conclusions that binding domain closing necessarily precedes channel opening and that the kinetics of conformational changes at the level of the binding domain importantly influence ion channel gating. Our findings suggest that the stability of the closed-cleft conformation has been tuned during evolution so that glutamate dissociates from the receptor as rapidly as possible but remains an efficacious agonist.
Neuronal Substrates for State-Dependent Changes in Coordination between Motoneuron Pools during Fictive Locomotion in the Lamprey Spinal Cord
Authors: Mentel Tim , Cangiano Lorenzo , Grillner Sten , Büschges Ansgar
Published: January 2008

Locomotion relies on a precisely timed activation of sets of motoneurons. A fundamental question is how this is achieved. In the lamprey, fin and myotomal motoneurons located on the same side of the spinal cord display alternating activity during straight swimming. The neural mechanism underlying this alternation is studied here during fictive locomotion induced by superfusion with NMDA, or locomotor bursting induced by electrical stimulation. If the spinal cord is split longitudinally, each hemicord still displays rhythmic locomotor related burst activity, but now fin and myotomal motoneurons become active in-phase. The out-of-phase activation of fin motoneurons persists only when at least three segments are left intact in the rostral part of the spinal cord. Proper coordination of fin motoneurons thus requires input from contralateral rostral segments. We show that commissural excitatory interneurons with long descending axons, previously reported to be active in phase with their ipsilateral myotomal motoneurons, provide monosynaptic excitation to contralateral fin motoneurons. Together, these results strongly indicate that, although myotomal motoneurons receive their phasic excitation from ipsilateral excitatory interneurons, fin motoneurons are mainly driven from the contralateral segmental network during bilateral locomotor activity. However, during unilateral bursting, fin and myotomal motoneurons instead receive a common input, which is apparently masked during normal fictive swimming. The spinal organization thus also provides circuitry for different patterns of coordination, i.e., alternation or coactivation of the two pools of motoneurons, which may subserve different forms of locomotor behavior.
Neuropsin (KLK8)-Dependent and -Independent Synaptic Tagging in the Schaffer-Collateral Pathway of Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Ishikawa Yasuyuki , Horii Yoichiro , Tamura Hideki , Shiosaka Sadao
Published: January 2008

Hippocampal early long-term potentiation (LTP) elicited by a weak (one or two) tetanic stimulus normally fades away within 90 min. Late LTP elicited by strong (four) stimuli lasts >180 min and requires new protein synthesis to persist. If a strong tetanus is injected once into a synapse, even a weak tetanus injected into another synapse can evoke persistent LTP. It was hypothesized that a synaptic tag enables capture of newly synthesized synaptic molecules. Here, we found two synaptic capture mechanisms for a weakly stimulated synapse to acquire persistency (i.e., neuropsin dependent and independent). The single tetanus evokes a neuropsin-dependent form that follows downstream signaling into integrin/actin signal and L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+channel (LVDCC) pathway. Additionally, a neuropsin-independent form of synaptic capture is evoked by a stronger (two) tetanus than the former. Both forms converging on LVDCC might serve different associative memories depending on their input strength. Our study strongly supports the hypothesis of synaptic tagging and demonstrates that neuropsin-dependent late associativity is particularly important in nonstressful associative memory.
Retrograde Signaling onto Ret during Motor Nerve Terminal Maturation
Authors: Baudet Christel , Pozas Ester , Adameyko Igor , Andersson Elisabet , Ericson Johan , Ernfors Patrik
Published: January 2008

Establishment of the neuromuscular synapse requires bidirectional signaling between the nerve and muscle. Although much is known on nerve-released signals onto the muscle, less is known of signals important for presynaptic maturation of the nerve terminal. Our results suggest that the Ret tyrosine kinase receptor transmits a signal in motor neuron synapses that contribute to motor neuron survival and synapse maturation at postnatal stages. Ret is localized specifically to the presynaptic membrane with its ligands, GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor)/NTN (neurturin), expressed in skeletal muscle tissue. Lack of Ret conditionally in cranial motor neurons results in a developmental deficit of maturation and specialization of presynaptic neuromuscular terminals. Regeneration of Ret-deficient adult hypoglossal motor neurons is unperturbed, but despite contact with the unaffected postsynaptic specializations, presynaptic axon terminal maturation is severely compromised in the absence of Ret signaling. Thus, Ret transmits a signal in motor nerve terminals that participate in the organization and maturation of presynaptic specializations during development and during regeneration in the adult.
Regulation of Burst Activity through Presynaptic and Postsynaptic GABABReceptors in Mouse Superior Colliculus
Authors: Kaneda Katsuyuki , Phongphanphanee Penphimon , Katoh Tomoko , Isa Kaoru , Yanagawa Yuchio , Obata Kunihiko , Isa Tadashi
Published: January 2008

In slice preparations, electrical stimulation of the superficial gray layer (SGS) of the superior colliculus (SC) induces EPSC bursts in neurons in the intermediate gray layer (SGI) when GABAAreceptor (GABAAR)-mediated inhibition is reduced. This preparation has been used as a model system to study signal processing involved in execution of short-latency orienting responses to visual stimuli such as saccadic eye movements. In the present study, we investigated the role of GABABreceptors (GABABRs) in modulating signal transmission in the above pathway with whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in SC slices obtained from GAD67-GFP knock-in mice. Perfusion of the slice with the GABABR antagonist CGP52432 (CGP) greatly prolonged the duration of the EPSC bursts. Local application of CGP to the SGS but not to the SGI produced similar effects. Because SGS stimulation elicited bursts in GABAergic neurons in the SGS when GABAARs were blocked, these results suggest that GABA released after bursts activates GABABRs in the SGS, leading to reduced burst duration. We found both postsynaptic and presynaptic actions of GABABRs in the SGS; activation of postsynaptic GABABRs induced outward currents in narrow-field vertical cells, whereas it caused shunting inhibition in distal dendrites in wide-field vertical cells. On the other hand, activation of presynaptic GABABRs suppressed excitatory synaptic transmissions to non-GABAergic neurons in the SGS. These results indicate that synaptically released GABA can activate both presynaptic and postsynaptic GABABRs in the SGS and limit the duration of burst responses in the SC local circuit.
Roles of NR2A and NR2B in the Development of Dendritic Arbor MorphologyIn Vivo
Authors: Ewald Rebecca C. , Van Keuren-Jensen Kendall R. , Aizenman Carlos D. , Cline Hollis T.
Published: January 2008

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are important for neuronal development and circuit formation. The NMDAR subunits NR2A and NR2B are biophysically distinct and differentially expressed during development but their individual contribution to structural plasticity is unknown. Here we test whether NR2A and NR2B subunits have specific functions in the morphological development of tectal neurons in livingXenopustadpoles. We use exogenous subunit expression and endogenous subunit knockdown to shift synaptic NMDAR composition toward NR2A or NR2B, as shown electrophysiologically. We analyzed the dendritic arbor structure and found evidence for both overlapping and distinct functions of NR2A and NR2B in dendritic development. Control neurons develop regions of high local branch density in their dendritic arbor, which may be important for processing topographically organized inputs. Exogenous expression of either NR2A or NR2B decreases local branch clusters, indicating a requirement for both subunits in dendritic arbor development. Knockdown of endogenous NR2A reduces local branch clusters, whereas knockdown of NR2B has no effect on branch clustering. Analysis of the underlying branch dynamics shows that exogenous NR2B-expressing neurons are more dynamic than control or exogenous NR2A-expressing neurons, demonstrating subunit-specific regulation of branch dynamics. Visual experience-dependent increases in dendritic arbor growth rate seen in control neurons are blocked in both exogenous NR2A- and NR2B-expressing neurons. These experiments indicate that NR2A and NR2B have subunit-specific properties in dendritic arbor development, but also overlapping functions, indicating a requirement for both subunits in neuronal development.
Utilização de biofilme comestível na conservação de pimentão 'Magali R' em duas condições de armazenamento
Authors: Lemos Odair Lacerda , Rebouças Tiyoko Nair Hojo , José Abel Rebouças São , Vila Mariana Texeira Rodrigues , Silva Katiane Santiago
Published: January 2008

A fim de promover a conservação pós-colheita de frutas e hortaliças, as embalagens biodegradáveis à base de amido, pectinas, celulose e outros polímeros, revelam resultados variáveis a depender dos vegetais tratados. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de biofilme à base de fécula de mandioca na conservação dos frutos de pimentão 'Magali R', armazenados à temperatura ambiente e sob refrigeração. Os frutos foram selecionados, lavados, desinfetados, revestidos com biofilme de fécula de mandioca nas concentrações de 3%, 4% e 5% e armazenados por até 20 dias a 24,5 ± 3 ºC e 60,5 ± 12% UR e a 10 ± 1 ºC e 90 ± 5% UR. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados por meio da perda de massa, da firmeza do fruto e do teor de sólidos solúveis, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e dois frutos por parcela, no esquema fatorial 4 x 6 x 2. Pelos resultados, verifica-se que o uso de biofilme de fécula de mandioca nas concentrações utilizadas não foi eficiente em retardar o metabolismo pós-colheita e prolongar a conservação de pimentões 'Magali R' refrigerados ou não; o uso de refrigeração a 10 ± 1 ºC e 90 ± 5% UR, sem associação com biofilme, foi eficiente em manter os pimentões Magali R com perda de massa inferior aos 15%, estabelecido como limite para a vida útil, por até 20 dias de armazenamento, enquanto em temperatura ambiente a vida útil foi de apenas por oito dias.
Classificação climática de Köppen e de Thornthwaite e sua aplicabilidade na determinação de zonas agroclimáticas para o estado de são Paulo
Authors: Rolim Glauco de Souza , Camargo Marcelo Bento Paes de , Lania Daniel Grosseli , Moraes Jener Fernando Leite de
Published: January 2008

O clima pode ser entendido como as condições atmosféricas médias em uma certa região. Ele influencia diretamente a maioria das atividades humanas, em especial a agricultura na qual define o nível de produtividade agrícola, condicionado principalmente pela disponibilidade hídrica regional. Entretanto, os sistemas de classificações climáticas (SCC) são pouco utilizados no âmbito de estudos agrícolas pois, normalmente, considera-se sua escala de atuação muito abrangente. Dessa forma, valores médios mensais de temperatura máxima e mínima do ar de 27 estações termométricas e de 427 postos pluviométricos do Estado de São Paulo foram utilizados na atualização e melhoria do mapeamento dos SCC de Köppen modificado e de Thornthwaite, além da avaliação de potenciais aplicações em estudos de zoneamento agroclimáticos para o Estado de São Paulo. A utilização de dados de 427 localidades propiciou um mapeamento mais acurado do Estado pelas duas classificações. Avaliou-se a aplicabilidade das classificações em estudos agroclimáticos pela capacidade de separação dos climas pelos dois sistemas em relação aos elementos meteorológicos e componentes do balanço hídrico normal, com análises de dispersão dos dados, testes de separação de médias de Tukey e análises de cluster com dados independentes. O SCC de Köppen foi eficiente apenas na macroescala e com baixa capacidade de separação de tipos de climas em relação aos elementos meteorológicos (temperatura do ar, chuva) e elementos resultantes do balanço hídrico (evapotranspiração, deficiência e excedente hídrico). Conseqüentemente, não deve ser utilizado em estudos agrometeorológicos. O SCC de Thornthwaite permitiu separar eficientemente os climas na topoescala ou mesoescala, pois conseguiu resumir eficientemente as informações geradas por balanços hídricos normais, demonstrando capacidade para determinação de zonas agroclimáticas. Foram também feitas discussões sobre épocas de semeadura e qualidade de produtos agrícolas relacionadas com os SCC considerados.
Avaliação do desempenho de um aquecedor para aves adaptado para utilizar biogás como combustível
Authors: Santos Tânia M. B. , Lucas Júnior Jorge de , Silva Fábio M. da
Published: January 2008

Desenvolveu-se ensaio para avaliar a adaptação (diâmetro do injetor) e o desempenho (consumo e eficiência de aquecimento) de um aquecedor tipo campânula, adaptado para queimar biogás. Foi testado um aquecedor comum que, queimando gás liquefeito de petróleo (GLP), opera à baixa pressão (28 cm.c.a.), com capacidade calorífica de 5.024 kJ h-1 e recomendado para 500 aves. O aquecedor foi avaliado com o combustível original (GLP), sem qualquer modificação no injetor de gás, e após adaptação para o funcionamento a biogás. Na adaptação, foi mantida a mesma grelha do queimador principal, aumentando-se a perfuração do injetor para permitir o funcionamento e a avaliação. Foram avaliados cinco injetores com perfurações de 1,0053; 1,5080; 1,5708; 1,7672 e 1,980 mm². Também se variaram as pressões do biogás na entrada do aquecedor de 10; 12; 15; 17 e 20 cm de coluna d'água (cm.c.a.). Os resultados indicaram que as expressões de cálculo teórico e parâmetros propostos na bibliografia podem ser utilizados com segurança na adaptação de aquecedores do tipo campânula utilizados em aviários; que a adaptação é de simples execução, indicando a viabilidade da utilização dos aquecedores já existentes em granjas e no mercado, e que as temperaturas do ar foram semelhantes às obtidas com o combustível original (GLP).
Influência da vibração das hastes e da velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora no processo de colheita mecanizada do café
Authors: Oliveira Ezequiel de , Silva Fábio M. da , Salvador Nilson , Figueiredo Carlos A. P.
Published: January 2008

Hoje, já existem vários estudos sobre a eficiência operacional de colheita mecanizada do café, porém pouco se sabe sobre a influência da vibração das hastes e a velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora nesse processo. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da vibração das hastes e da velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora no processo de colheita mecanizada do café. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Capetinga, sul de Minas Gerais. Para os ensaios, utilizou-se do delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em parcelas aleatórias, contendo, em média, 40 plantas em fileira. Os ensaios foram realizados com duas passadas da colhedora, definidos em função do índice de frutos verdes na planta. A primeira passada foi realizada com média de 30% de verde, e a segunda, com média de 10% de verde. Concluiu-se que, na primeira passada, o volume de café colhido, a desfolha e a eficiência de derriça foram 29,25%, 31,12% e 31,85%, respectivamente, superiores na maior vibração. Na segunda passada, na maior velocidade operacional, o volume de café caído no chão variou 61,2% em relação à menor velocidade, e a redução no volume colhido e na eficiência de colheita variou de14,28% da menor para a maior velocidade operacional.
Estudos sobre recepção midiática e educação no Brasil
Authors: Zanchetta Jr. Juvenal
Published: January 2008

Este trabalho esboça panorama sobre a evolução dos estudos relacionados à recepção midiática e sobre como a escola brasileira se apropriou dessas idéias. Problematizam-se, então, características das propostas da área de Comunicação para a formação midiática, sugerindo-se uma perspectiva 'escolar' para essa formação: centralidade na formação histórico-política do professor e na delimitação de um território específico para a discussão sobre cidadania dentro da escola.
Os idosos e os constrangimentos nos eventos da internação cirúrgica
Authors: Lenardt Maria Helena , Hammerschmidt Karina Silveira de Almeida , Pívaro Andressa Barra Rosa , Borghi Ângela Cristina Silva
Published: January 2008

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, com treze idosos de ambos os sexos internados em unidade cirúrgica hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde. Tem-se como objetivo descrever os constrangimentos defrontados pelos idosos durante o período da internação em clínica cirúrgica. O estudo foi realizado no período de março a maio de 2005. Obtiveram-se as informações por meio de entrevista não estruturada com questão única, e foram processadas por meio da análise dos discursos. Como resultados emergiram cinco categorias de constrangimentos apontados pelos informantes: instrumentos utilizados para o cuidado; interação com a equipe de profissionais; nudez; internação em quarto coletivo e uso do avental cirúrgico. Cabe ao profissional estimular o idoso ao exercício de ser sujeito participativo, protagonista nos eventos da internação cirúrgica. A participação ativa dele, como modo de revelar detalhes percebidos, contribuirá nos processos de cuidados e de tratamentos.
Development and evaluation of a virtual learning environment in professional nursing courses
Authors: Aguiar Raymunda Viana , Cassiani Silvia Helena De Bortoli
Published: January 2008

This study aimed to: develop and evaluate a Virtual Learning Environment in the theme administering medications in a professional nursing course in Curitiba/PR, Brazil. The program's elaboration was divided in three phases: 1- Virtual Learning Environment development Guide. Phase 2, corresponded to implementation and assessment of its use. Phase 3, learning Evaluation. The program evaluations demonstrate that it is in accordance to the educational goals intended to develop and implement an educational technology. The assessment on learning showed that the students answered correctly 85% of the questions discussed. The possibility of elaborating new educational technologies can be helpful in the teaching/learning process, as well as in the development of future nursing professionals.
Reflections on the insertion of the nutrition discipline in nursing education
Authors: Feresin Cátia , Sonzogno Maria Cecília
Published: January 2008

This study aimed to characterize the Nutrition discipline in six undergraduate courses in nursing regarding to the professor background, workload, content, strategies of education and evaluation from the perspective of the professor who teaches it. This is a descriptive research, carried out through semi-structured interviews, analyzed through the Thematic Analysis. It was verified that the discipline content approaches Nutrition in the vital cycle in the prevention of illnesses, as well as, in the healing aspect. The importance of the professor to be attentive to the content complexity necessary to the Nursing Education is highlighted. Nutrition knowledge favors the performance of the Nurse in a multifunctional health team. The formation of study groups with professors from Nutrition disciplines in the health area of undergraduate programs is suggested.
Prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis among professionals in a university hospital, Mato Grosso do Sul, 2004
Authors: Oliveira Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de , Honner Michael Robin , Paniago Anamaria Mello Miranda , Aguiar Eliana Setti Albuquerque , Cunha Rivaldo Venâncio da
Published: January 2008

Several studies have demonstrated an elevated prevalence amongst professionals of mycobacterium tuberculosis, both in the rate of infections and illness. This study was carried out in a School Hospital in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, aiming to establish the prevalence of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results of the analysis of 194 subjects showed an overall positivity for the tuberculin test of 38.7%. There was a correlation with smoking (p=0.01, RP=1. 72 (1.20-2.45- Yates's correction). The conclusion is that the establishment of a program of tuberculin screening jointly with the implementation of interventions is necessary in order to reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission.
Trends of knowledge production in health education in Brazil
Authors: Vila Ana Carolina Dias , Vila Vanessa da Silva Carvalho
Published: January 2008

This literature review aimed to identify the concept of Health Education used by researchers in Collective Health; to present the main trends and pedagogical references defended in these studies and to exemplify studies constructed with the objective to promote health education by means of participant strategies with the community's involvement. After reading and analyzing 22 articles searched in the Scientific Electronic Library Online that answered the study questions, the following categories of analysis were constructed: Health Education in Brazil - conceptual aspects; pedagogical practices in education and health; health education applied to professional practices. Health education is an essential field to the development of a society and educative practices are opportunities to apply knowledge directed to social growth. The importance of educational proposals based on the reflection, critique, involvement and awareness is perceived, as well as the importance of implementing new educative programs to meet the population's needs.
Avaliação educacional por meio do teste iar em escolares com cegueira
Authors: Rabello Suzana , Motti Telma Flores Genaro , Gasparetto Maria Elisabete Rodrigues Freire
Published: January 2008

Com o objetivo de verificar a aplicabilidade do Teste IAR em escolares cegos, foram realizados estudos de casos, mediante avaliações de três escolares de oito anos de idade, com cegueira, por retinopatia da prematuridade ou catarata congênita (A.M., D.A.C., T.A.M.), atendidos no Centro de Distúrbios da Audição, Linguagem e Visão (CEDALVI), do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais (HRAC) da USP, Bauru/SP/Brasil. Durante um período de seis meses, os escolares foram avaliados por meio do Instrumento de Avaliação do Repertório Básico para Alfabetização (IAR), adaptado ao Sistema Braille e contando com recursos em relevo. Os resultados da aplicação do IAR mostraram que T.A.M. alcançou 100,0% em acertos em todos os conceitos; A.M. e D.A.C. obtiveram 100,0% de acertos em esquema corporal, lateralidade e verbalização de palavras; D.A.C. apresentou 50,0% nos conceitos posição, tamanho e quantidade; A.M. apresentou 50,0% em discriminação auditiva; D.A.C. apresentou menos de 50,0% de acertos nos conceitos de direção, espaço, forma, discriminação tátil, discriminação auditiva, análise/síntese e coordenação motora fina; A.M. também alcançou menos de 50,0% de acertos nos conceitos de direção, discriminação tátil, análise/síntese e coordenação motora fina. Com relação à aplicabilidade, o teste IAR mostrou-se eficaz para avaliar os escolares cegos, oferecendo instruções úteis para que profissionais e familiares adotem estímulos e estratégias que favoreçam o desenvolvimento dos mesmos.
Os efeitos da aprendizagem psicomotora no controle das atividades de locomoção sobre obstáculos em crianças com deficiência da visão
Authors: Santos Luiz Cezar dos , Passos Janine Eliza de Oliveira Silva , Rezende Alexandre Luiz Gonçalves de
Published: January 2008

Considerando que a visão é um dos sistemas sensoriais mais importantes na locomoção pois fornece informação tanto do ambiente quanto da postura e dos movimentos corporais, este estudo analisou os efeitos de um programa de treinamento perceptivo-motor no controle das atividades de locomoção em seis crianças com deficiências da visão. Para tanto, realizou-se a avaliação da locomoção durante a transposição de obstáculos com alturas diferentes, utilizando-se indicadores qualitativos: postura / equilíbrio / direção / velocidade / contato visual com o obstáculo / erro na tarefa, e indicadores cinemáticos, obtidos por meio de filmagem (SVHS) através do sistema Peak Motus (Versão 7.0 - Vicon Peak) para medir: a distância do pé de apoio em relação ao obstáculo / a elevação máxima do joelho / a altura do pé em relação à altura do obstáculo. Os indicadores foram novamente avaliados após a realização do programa de treinamento, fornecendo evidências de sua contribuição positiva tanto na estratégia de aproximação quanto na estratégia de ultrapassagem dos obstáculos. Durante a aproximação, a velocidade da locomoção tornou-se mais constante e as passadas foram realizadas de forma mais retilínea. Durante a ultrapassagem, o número de toques no obstáculo diminuiu. Os resultados auxiliam na reflexão sobre a importância da aprendizagem psicomotora nos programas educacionais, particularmente na Educação Física Especial, como uma forma de contribuir para uma melhor qualidade de vida das crianças com baixa visão.
Aplicação dos princípios da governança corporativa ao sector público
Authors: Marques Maria da Conceição da Costa
Published: January 2008

A corporate governance na perspectiva dos Estados Unidos influenciou largamente a Europa, mas não serviu assim tão bem quanto isso. A corporate governance é para assegurar que as empresas apresentam melhor performance, melhor monitorização e protecção dos investidores. No modelo anglo-saxónico, os accionistas estão longe da empresa, mas nos Estados Unidos as administrações são dominadas pela gestão, e existe algum conflito real entre o CEO (Chief Executive Officer) e o Presidente. Sob várias perspectivas, o modelo europeu é um bom modelo porque a maioria das empresas têm um grupo de accionistas que exercem uma influência directa no controlo dos negócios das empresas, mesmo que alguns não o façam. Em Portugal, esta situação requer novas estruturas e atitudes. As empresas locais ainda não quantificaram os custos de uma fraca governação. O teste deste sucesso será o encaminhamento do capital para mercados onde os investidores têm confiança. Um caminho português deve ser encontrado. Neste estudo pretende-se apresentar como os princípios da corporate governance podem ser aplicados ao sector público.
Concorrência desleal: concepções do processo de mobilização estratégica a partir de um estudo de caso
Authors: Lagreca Rodrigo Holtermann , Hexsel Astor
Published: January 2008

No contexto empresarial, mais do que no acadêmico, ganha destaque a discussão sobre as conseqüências dos negócios ilegais na arrecadação pública e no processo competitivo. A partir do entendimento de como esse fenômeno se organiza, este estudo investiga, com base em estudo de caso, as ações desenvolvidas pela Souza Cruz S.A, empresa dominante no setor brasileiro de cigarros para fazer frente à oferta ilegal ou informal, uma das formas de concorrência desleal. Constata-se que a organização desenvolve ações em dois níveis: no primeiro, são referidas as ações gerenciais para aprimorar o seu desempenho em face do problema e processo de aprendizagem dele derivado. No segundo nível, são descritas as ações diretas e indiretas sobre o governo, que é o agente legítimo para conter a informalidade. Essas ações incluem troca de informações com órgãos governamentais e atuação junto à opinião pública, como formas de buscar consentimento público e priorizar junto aos governos o cumprimento da lei.
Uma proposta de framework em gerência estratégica de redes verticais
Authors: Faria Alexandre
Published: January 2008

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender por que gerentes de rede implementam estratégias cooperativas que contribuem para o desempenho de redes verticais. A literatura no âmbito de redes reproduz a hegemonia gerencial que se constituiu na área de gerência estratégica. Influenciada pelo conceito de vantagem competitiva, esta hegemonia ajudou a dissolver a fronteira entre os domínios da estratégia e da gerência nos âmbitos da grande empresa e das redes verticais. Este artigo demonstra a importância do re-estabelecimento da fronteira entre estratégia e gerência para esse tipo de investigação. Com base em extensa investigação empírica baseada na ontologia do realismo crítico, o autor propõe um framework cuja principal característica é o reconhecimento de dois níveis de redes: as supra-redes e as redes gerenciais. A proposta desafia o desprezo de pesquisadores pelo caráter político da estratégia e pelas interfaces de governo e empresa, e as disputas entre as principais escolas teóricas em gerência estratégica. No final, o autor sugere que o framework deve ser explorado no Brasil por pesquisadores e praticantes relacionados aos âmbitos privado e público.
Gestão estratégica da energia nucleoelétrica no Brasil: recursos e competências críticos para seu sucesso
Authors: Macedo-Soares T. Diana L. v. A. , Figueira Luiz Augusto P. A.
Published: January 2008

Desde 1996, o setor elétrico brasileiro tem sofrido transformações em sua estrutura básica. Porém ainda há muito que fazer, por estar a matriz energética concentrada em uma só fonte, a hidráulica. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor um arcabouço analítico com as competências e os recursos fundamentais à gestão estratégica da exploração da energia nucleoelétrica no país. Compartilha os resultados de um estudo de caso da Eletrobrás Termonuclear - Eletronuclear, complementado por uma investigação documental de quatro outras empresas: duas geradoras brasileiras, Furnas e Chesf; e duas geradoras internacionais de energia núcleoelétrica, Exelon e Tvo. Para o estudo de caso, os dados foram coletados de várias fontes e com diferentes meios: investigação documental/telematizada e dois levantamentos de percepções, com auxílio de questionário estruturado e entrevistas. Utilizou-se o método AHP, Analytic Hierarchy Process, para hierarquizar as categorias de recursos e competências identificadas, segundo a percepção dos participantes da pesquisa. Os resultados evidenciaram a ausência de um modelo de comercialização da energia nucleoelétrica no Brasil. Adicionalmente, proporcionaram subsídios para construir o arcabouço analítico em exame e formular ações mais efetivas para seu desenvolvimento, considerando todos os stakeholders.
Isomorphism, institutionalization and legitimacy: operational auditing at the court of auditors
Authors: Freitas Carlos Alberto Sampaio de , Guimarães Tomás de Aquino
Published: January 2008

The aim of this paper is to verify the nature of the relationship between the concept of legitimacy and the phenomenon of institutionalization of operational auditing at the Court of Auditors in a context of institutional isomorphism. A documental examination was conducted covering the period of 1987 to 2004 and 18 people involved in the aforementioned activity at the Court of Auditors were interviewed. The results suggest that there is a relationship between isomorphism and legitimacy but only concerning one type of legitimacy. The phenomenon of isomorphism acts in the sense of checking cognitive legitimacy while other factors are at work which are connected to the culture and institutional environment of the country, which interfere in the dimension of moral legitimacy, resulting in institutionalization of the activity at a secondary level in the analyzed organization. It was seen that the process of institutionalization, in this case, has a circular characteristic, in which the phases of innovation, diffusion, partial saturation and partial deinstitutionalization follow one another cyclically, modifying the activity of operational auditing over time at the Court of Auditors.