bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Heavy Metals to the Human Health and Environment
Authors:   Department of chemistry, Narain College shikohabad-283135 (U.P) (INDIA), Jadon Pradeep Kumar , Yadav Sudeshana ,   Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra, U.P (INDIA)
Published: January 2023

Almost each heavy metal is serious toxicants as carcinogens. Heavy metals are kept under environmental pollutant category due to their toxic effects in plants, human and food. These are heavy metals persistence, accumulate and not metabolized in other intermediate compounds and do not easily breakdown in environment. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements, and are present in varying concentrations in all ecosystems. Some of the heavy metals i.e. Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) are accumulative poison. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) are category 1 heavy metals according to the International agency for Research on Cancer. There is the large of number of heavy metals. Total metals have caused major human health problems in various parts of the world. The term “heavy metal” is connected in many people’s minds to metals that are toxic. There is a relationship between the chronic diseases and geologic environment. Geochemical environment is indeed a significant factor in the serious health problems. These metals have been extensively studied and their effects on human health regularly reviewed by international bodies such as the WHO. This reviews paper definite heavy metals and their toxicity and effects on human health.
Web Based E-Learning in India: The Cumulative Views of different Aspects
Authors: Kumari Madhumala
Published: January 2023

In the presence of great social diversity in India, it is difficult to change the social background of students, parents and their economical conditions. Therefore the only option left for us is to provide uniform or standardize teaching learning resources or methods. For high quality education throughout India there must be some nation-wide network, which provides equal quality education to all students, including the student from the rural areas and villages. The one and only simple solution to this is Web Based e-Learning. In this paper we try to give some innovative ideas to spread the Web Based e-Learning (WBeL) concept in to the minds of young India along with various approaches taken or to be taken, associated to it till date besides of instructional design models, different course developmental models, the role of technical writing and merit-demerit of WBeL till date.
Китайская историография новейшей истории даурского народа
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Kuras Leonid V. , Tsybenov Bazar D.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The paper analyzes available Chinese-language scientific works that review contemporary history of the Daur people and examine its different aspects. Goals. The study attempts a historiographic analysis of certain Chinese-language scholarly publications (monographs, articles) dealing with contemporary history of the Daurs. So, the objectives be set and tackled thereto shall include insights into peculiarities of Chinese historiography pertaining to contemporary Daur history, reviews of monographs containing related materials, and analyses of Chinese scientists’ articles considering significant events and facts of 20th-century Daur history. Conclusions. The paper shows China’s historiography of contemporary Daur history is abundant in scientific works, both monographs and diverse articles. Peculiarities inherent to regional collections of articles largely authored by ethnic Daurs result, in our opinion, from that the shaping of historiographical science in the PRC remains somewhat incomplete. The monographs undoubtedly contain a large amount of factual materials on many aspects of contemporary Daur history. However, those are distinguished by the traditional Chinese approach to the study of history characterized by that chronologies of events (chronicles) and biographies of famous figures hold central and unshakable positions. The articles also contain various facts, descriptions of specific historical events and characters, e.g., the peasant uprising of Shaolang and Daifu, biographies of the revolutionary Guo Daofu (Merse), participation of Daurs in the anti-Japanese movement. Another peculiarity traced is that the articles widely use data collected from informants, which is supposedly due to that Chinese sources covering regional history are few enough, and the special value of information provided by participants or eyewitnesses of those events.
О сборнике «Гирлянда рассказов о прошлых жизнях Учителя» (по материалам ксилографического издания монастыря Далуншань)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Maksimova Olga A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The Jātakamālā by Āryaśūra (4th c. AD) had been very popular in India, and was considered an early example of a structurally particular poetic composition. The Third Karmapa Rangjung Dorje (1284–1339) supplemented Āryaśūra’s 34 jātakas with 67 more stories of his own. Rangjung Dorje holds a prominent place both in the history of his lineage and in the history of Tibetan culture at large, his legacy remaining of immense interest to date. So, he authored a number of famous texts, such as Aspiration of Mahamudra (Tib. phyag chen smon lam), The Profound Inner Principles (zab mo nang don), and a collection of jātakas — The Garland of Birth Stories of the Teacher (Buddha). Goals. The article aims at analyzing the text of the specified collection available at the Buddhist Digital Resource Center (BDRC) to introduce data on the former and its structure. Results. The Garland of Birth Stories of the Teacher includes 101 jātakas — 34 ones by Āryaśūra and 67 ones by Rangjung Dorje. The last, 101st, story tells about the life of Shakyamuni Buddha. The paper deals with the 1430 Beijing xylographic edition of Dalongshan Monastery (Tib. ta’i lung shen).
Swords from Sauromato–Sarmatian Burial Mounds of Western Kazakhstan Analyzed
Authors:   Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University (29, Sattarkhanov Ave., 161200 Turkestan, Republic of Kazakhstan), Sizdikov Bagdaulet S. , Seraliyev Ali A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (2, Satpayev St., 010000 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: January 2023

Introduction. In Eurasia’s history and archeology, the issues of origins, inhabited territories, and political history of Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes remain understudied.  Archaeological data are supplemented with messages on Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes contained in works of ancient writers, since no written sources have been found in monuments of those tribes proper. Goals. The study aims to analyze historical sources and archaeological data, examine the history of origins of Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes to have inhabited the Southern Uralsin the Iron Age,and focuses on swords from Sauromato-Sarmatian monuments of Western Kazakhstan. Materials. Swords and daggers that constitute the bulk of finds from burials provide valuable information for determining chronologies of burial grounds or certain burials and identifying areas once inhabitedby the nomadic tribes,with regional features of those tribes be duly distinguished. A. Melyukova, K. Smirnov, A. Khazanov, E. Chernenko, A. Simonenko, P. Shulga, V. Kocheev and other researchers have developed a chronological typology for swords and daggers from monuments of nomadic tribes of the Northern Black Sea, the North Caucasus, and other regions. However, Sauromato-Sarmatian weapons from Western Kazakhstan have remained unstudied without any chronological typology developed. So, the work employs experiences of the above-mentioned researchers and systematizes the available and newlyobtained data to develop a typological classification and chronology of swords from Sauromato-Sarmatian burial grounds excavated in the territory of Western Kazakhstan. Results. The paper notes that the Sauromato-Sarmatians descend from Bronze Age populations to have created the Andronovo and Srubnaya cultures, and had a close relationship with the Saka tribes. It is deemed that Sarmatian tribes were formed on the basis of Sauromatians, i.e. those had had common roots. Furthermore, insights into archaeological data conclude the tribes had lived in the territory of Western Kazakhstan, yield a typological classification of swords discovered in mounds across the region, and result in a scientific analysis. The work attempts a statistical analysis of swords and daggers from Sauromato-Sarmatian mounds of Western Kazakhstan, provides scientific conclusions as to predominant types of weapons and manufacturing technologies. The article also highlights some specific features of sword types identified, areas of distribution, and performs a comparative analysis.
Христианское население города Маджара и его округи по данным археологических и письменных источников
Authors:   Nasledie LLC (75, Ordzhonikidze St., 355008 Stavropol, Russian Federation), Babenko Vitaliy A. , Kolesnikova Marina E. , Stepanyan Khachatur R. ,   North Caucasus Federal University (1, Pushkin St., 35500 Stavropol, Russian Federation),   Armenian State Pedagogical University after Khachatur Abovyan (17, Tigran Mets Ave., 0010 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia)
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The article deals with the issue of Christian communities of different denominations to have resided in the city of Majar, the latter localized around Majar hillfort on the Kuma riverside. Christian cult objects have been discovered in the commercial and crafts quarter of the hillfort. Archaeological and written sources make it possible to identify certain groups of Christians — Orthodox, Catholic, and Gregorian (Armenian) ones — within the city’s population. Goals. The study aims to summarize data on Christians in Majar. Nowadays, there is archaeological evidence confirming Majar had been also inhabited by ethnic Russians and Armenians. Materials and methods. The work analyzes the First Sophia Chronicle, sources on Latin missionary activity in the Golden Horde published by Ph. Bruun, A. Malyshev, and R.  Hautala, a 1774 map of the Caucasus compiled by Georg Treitel, and archaeological materials. The study employs a number of research methods, such as the historical/systemic, historical/comparative, and cartographic ones. Results. The year 1245 had witnessed earliest contacts between the papacy and the Mongol Empire. In 1260, relations between the Golden Horde and the Byzantine Empire were set up. And in 1267, Metropolitan Kirill II of Kiev received a jarlig from Khan Mengu-Timur. Rulers of the Golden Horde were seeking to achieve various domestic and foreign policy goals through the agenda of religious tolerance. Franciscan missions, parishes of the Alan Metropolitanate, Diocese of Sarai, and the Armenian Church were functioning across the early 14th-century North Caucasus. Some 16th–18th century written sources attest to the presence of a Christian temple within the hillfort of Majar. Materials published by Ph. Bruun, A. Malyshev, and R. Hautala provide evidence Majar and its neighborhood used to host several Franciscan missions throughout the 14th century. Christian cult objects (encolpion cross, copper icon) discovered in the territory of Majar’s trade and crafts quarter testify to that Orthodox Christians had also lived there and had a temple of their own. The Armenian cross-stone (khachkar) which had been part of a church and found at the ancient site suggests there may have been an Armenian community and an Armenian temple too. Conclusions. The available evidence of the presence of different Christian denominations in Majar insufficiently reveals their role in the city’s life. And it gets urgent to localize the Christian quarter at the ancient site of Majar. So, the search for archival materials and archaeological explorations of the site should be continued.
Участие калмыков в переговорах о вступлении кубанского султана Бахта-Гирея под российскую протекцию в 1727 г.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Tepkeev Vladimir T.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The article scrutinizes the 1727 Kalmyk-Kuban contacts and — within the latter — the role of the rebellious Sultan Bahti Giray of Kuban to have dramatically destabilized the Russian-Ottoman steppe frontier. The recent years witness an increasing interest in Bahti Giray’s biography examined in a series of special publications. Goals. The paper aims to introduce some newly discovered data on Kalmyk-Kuban relations. Materials. The work focuses on materials from the National Archive of Kalmykia to have collected unique documents of correspondence between Kalmyk princes and South Russian authorities, as well as secret eyewitness reports on Kalmyk-Kuban contacts. Results. The article provides a detailed historical review of Kalmyk-Kuban relations as of 1727. Conclusions. In 1726–1727, Bahti Giray — after a number of misfortunes — joined another struggle for power in Kuban with the military aid of the Kalmyks. Kalmyk leaders were eager to seize the opportunity for minimizing any threats from Kuban rather than for regaining control over Yedisan and Jamboiluk Nogais. So, those were common military and political interests that brought Bahti Giray and Kalmyk chieftains together. Meanwhile, the Russian Government was worried enough by the tense situation in the Russian-Turkish frontier and sought for various means to neutralize the rebellious sultan — from political murder to proclamation of a protectorate, the latter having been welcomed by both the sultan himself and most Kalmyk princes that took an active part in the negotiation process. However, Colonel V. Beklemishev who was acting as Russia’s chief representative throughout the negotiations did fear the two parties may have initiated a political imitation but had no efficient levers to influence the situation and cancel the forthcoming Kuban campaign.
In vitro Antibacterial Potency of Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera against NFGNB Isolated from UTI Patients and their Plasmid Profiling
Authors: Shriwastav Shalini , Kaur Narinder , Bala Rosy , Dev Jai , Hassan Mahmudul , Harshita  , Khatana Chainika , Mittal Divya , Aman Shahbaz , Chauhan Jyoti
Published: January 2023

Non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) endeavouring as major pathogen in infectious disease, predominantly in urinary tract infection (UTI) and increased resistance in NFGNB are matter of concern. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of NFGNB, antibiotics resistance pattern, plasmid profiling, and antibacterial efficacy of Moringa oleifera against NFGNB. NFGNB were isolated from clinically suspected UTI patients. Identification of isolates and their antibiotics sensitivity pattern were analyzed according to conventional method, and Vitek 2 automated system. Moreover, NFGNB were evaluated for biofilm production and presence of plasmid. Furthermore, antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera was evaluated against NFGNB. P. aeruginosa (86.0%), and A. baumannii (10.0%) were the most frequent NFGNB followed by Providencia rettgeri 2.0%, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1.0%, myroides species 1.0%. 68.6% P. aeruginosa and 60.0% A. baumannii were biofilm producers whereas imipenem and meropenem were the most effective antibiotics. Isolated NFGNB showed multiple bands of plasmid. Furthermore, Moringa oleifera leaves extract showed antibacterial activity against tested NFGNB. MDR-NFGNB presents challenges in treatment and Moringa oleifera leaf extract may be used as an alternative medicine. However, the therapeutic role of specific ingredients present in extract needs further investigation and purification.
Optimization of the Geometric Parameters of the Metal Truss
Authors: Muratkul Abduraimov
Published: January 2023

Abstract: This article is devoted to the optimization of the geometric parameters of the metal truss, and the following are studied in the article. Trusses belong to flat rod systems. The simplest structure is a truss consisting of rods spherically connected to each other. One of the criteria for finding the optimal parameters of a farm is its material consumption.
Remote Sensing Image-Based Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Effect in Relation to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): A Case Study of Patna Municipal Corporation
Authors: Yadav Avinash , Kumar Ravish , Swarup Sneha
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The consequences of population growth and urbanization on the urban environment, climate, and water supply have caused a wide range of issues. As a result of the rapid urbanization process, vegetation covers are being converted by impervious and dry concrete covers. This has led to the growth of "heat islands," where urban areas experience warmer temperatures than the areas surrounding them. Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a human-caused environmental phenomenon that has a wide range of impacts on city dwellers, including changing the vegetation cover and its usage, which alters the thermal energy flow and raises surface and air temperatures. Such heat islands have far-reaching impacts for cities, the most significant of which is an increase in the expense of maintaining a safe living and working environment. The major objective of this study is to examine multitemporal Land Surface Temperature (LST)/Urban Heat Island (UHI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) from 1990 to 2022. The Landsat satellite data sets for the years 1990, 2001, 2011, and 2022 have used to investigate the impact of UHI/LST in relation to NDVI in the study area. The most significant change has been observed in vegetation cover (NDVI), which has declined compared to other types of land use land cover. According to the study, built-up area and barren land have high temperatures, whereas vegetated covers and water bodies have lower temperatures. The LST of some portion of study area is high due to the high population density and high percentage of built-up and concrete cover. The LST over the study area has risen on average by 6.88 °C between 1990 and 2022. The regression line provided a conclusive answer, demonstrating a strong negative relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and UHI of PMC. According to the findings of this study, a major transition has occurred in PMC in terms of a decline in NDVI due to a rapid growth in urban expansion, and other infrastructure projects. To study urban climate and interactions between people and the environment, land surface temperature (LST) variations within cities are of utmost importance in respect to ascertain the LST/Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and NDVI variations in PMC. While developing urbanization, the environmental impact must be taken into account.
User Segmentation of Ecommerce
Authors: Niranjan K. , Vasanth Y. , Sathwik K.
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The emergence of many competitors and entrepreneurs created a lot of excitement as companies competed to find new buyers and retain old ones. As a result of its predecessor, , the need for excellent customer service became relevant regardless of the size of the company. Additionally, each company's ability to understand the needs of each of its customers provides better customer support in its targeted delivery of his customer service and the development of customized customer service plans. This understanding is possible through 's structured customer service. Each segment has customers with the same market characteristics. Big data ideas and machine learning have made automated customer segmentation approaches more widely accepted than traditional market analysis, which often fails on large customer bases. In this paper, the k-means clustering algorithm is used for this purpose. The Sklearn library was developed for the k-means algorithm (described in the appendix) , and the program is trained on his two-factor dataset of 100 samples obtained from a retail store. Characteristics of average purchasers and monthly average customers
Rīgas rāte 18. gadsimtā: uzbūve un personības
Authors:   Latvijas Nacionālais arhīvs, Čerpinska Anita
Published: January 2023

Raksts ir veltīts jautājumam par to, kādi bija 18. gadsimta Rīgas rātskungi – no kādas vides nāca, kā veidojās viņu karjera un kādas funkcijas pildīja rātē. Tā kā rātskungi nepārprotami veidoja daļu pilsētas elites, tad historiogrāfijā saistībā ar šo sabiedrības grupu būtisks jautājums ir par to, cik lielā mērā viņi noslēdzās no pārējās kopienas un cik lielā mērā rāte bija valdniece pilsētā. Rīgas gadījumā tomēr jāsecina, ka rātei bija jārēķinās ar ietekmīgāko birģeru kopienas daļu un tās iesaistīšanos sabiedrisko jautājumu lemšanā, savukārt noslēgšanos daļēji veicināja citu sabiedrības grupu spiediens uz pilsētas pārvaldi, taču nevar apgalvot, ka tā pilnībā neuzņēma sevī jaunus elementus.
Aleksander Pluskowski (ed.). Environment, Colonisation, and the Baltic Crusader States. Terra Sacra I. Turnhout: Brepols, 2019; Aleksander Pluskowski (ed.). Ecologies of Crusading, Colonisation, and Religious Conversion in the Medieval Baltic. Terra Sacra II. Turnhout: Brepols, 2019
Authors: Auns Muntis
Published: January 2023

The publication under review consists of two sizeable volumes that summarise the results of the international project “The Ecology of Crusading: The Environmental Impact of Conquest, Colonisation and Religious Conversion in the Medieval Baltic” (2010–2014). The research was conducted in several selected districts in Prussia and Livonia which were governed by the Teutonic Order; there a detailed study of aspects such as vegetation, farming, hunting, fishing, settlement life, reorganisation of the landscape, and environmental impact of the conquest was conducted and viewed in the context of Christianisation. One of the conclusions reached is that the conquering theocracy in the eastern Baltic pursued a complex and at times contradictory interaction between ideology and paragmatism. The abundance of facts, analysis, and views provided by the publication reveals many new aspects of how the Ordensland actually functioned. The analysis of palynological data deserves to be mentioned specially: through the cooperation of archaeologists, historians, and experts of natural sciences, this field considerably broadens our knowledge about the specific society and its impact on environment. The publication presents some aspects that need to be discussed further as well as aspects that show the need for and opportunities of further research.
Theoretical Views on the Legal Nature and Legal Structure of the Contract for the Carriage of Goods by Sea in Scientifi c Works of the Early Twentieth Century
Authors:   St. Petersburg Law Institute (Branch) of Prosecuror’s Institute of the Russian Federation, Khabibulaev Ali Kh.
Published: January 2023

The issues of determining the legal structure of legal institutions have always been acute in the doctrine. The article deals with the theoretical concepts of the contract for the carriage of goods by sea at the beginning of the 20th century. It is noted that all the studied positions of scientists have a certain value and signifi cance. According to the author, despite the fact that the main provisions of the contract in question were refl ected precisely in the civil legislation of that period, it represented an independent, unique, complex type of sui generis contract. The paper shows the importance of theoretical study of the contract for the carriage of goods by sea in a historical context and its infl uence on the evolution of domestic legislation.
Compliance as a Necessary Element of Legal Regulation of Environmental Relations
Authors:   Ural State Law University, Dubovik Dmitry M.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the issues of introducing the institution of environmental compliance by business entities as a necessary and important process in the development of green entrepreneurship. As a problem, the author highlights the lack of a system of legal incentives for enterprises that rationally use natural resources in their economic activities (environmental entrepreneurship). Turning to the issue of legal regulation of environmental compliance, the author paid attention to the legal nature of this institution, identifi ed possible legislative measures to stimulate enterprises that develop, implement and operate environmental compliance. Considering the issue of legal regulation of environmental compliance, special attention is paid to the introduction of this institution within the framework of the reform of control and supervisory activities, the process of its development in terms of shifting the focus from supervisory measures to preventive measures.
Issues of the Charter of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors:   Eurasian Law Academy named after D. A. Kunaev, Bekbaev Erzat Z.
Published: January 2023

The relevance of the topic stems from the need for legal support for the development of science as a generally recognized tool for the further progress of society. The Charter of the Russian Academy of Sciences is considered as the main document that fi xes the legal status of the Academy of Sciences in the current legislation. The charter solves the problem of a comprehensive and systematic consolidation of the legal status of the Academy of Sciences, holistically covers and regulates in interconnection all, without exception, the most important issues of the organization and activities of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article gives a general description of the Charter, shows the charter goals and objectives, organizational structure and functions of the Russian Academy of Sciences. An analysis of some problematic issues of the Charter of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been carried out. It is concluded that in the Soviet period of the history of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ambiguous events took place that had an impact on the subsequent development of fundamental science in the context of the country’s transition to market relations. An attempt is made to predict the further course of possible events in the legal regulation of fundamental science, the status of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Genesis of the Doctrine of the Principles of Civil Law: from History to the Present
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Volos Alexey A.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the history of the study of the principles of civil law. It is discovered the various periods of the development of Russian legislation. The author classifi es studies of the in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The author concludes that the digitalization of society has changed the approaches to various traditional institutions and has also posed new challenges to the principles of civil law. The solution of these issues should be based, among other things, on the traditional approaches of domestic civil law.
Economic Expertise in Insolvency (Bankruptcy) Procedures: Signifi cance and Problems
Authors:   North-West Institute of Management, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Yarovoy Denis O.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the signifi cance of forensic inquiry used in insolvency (bankruptcy) cases. In particular, the fi nancial and economic expertise is considered. The signifi cance and tasks of fi nancial and economic expertise are determined. The law enforcement practice in the appointment of fi nancial and economic expertise is considered. The issue of not improving existing methods for conducting fi nancial and economic expertise is considered.
Justice as a Principle of Criminal Law
Authors:   Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Zhuravleva Varvara V. , Tertychnaya Ilona V. ,   Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: January 2023

The article examines the essence of the principle of justice in Russian criminal law, its refl ection in the norms of the criminal legislation of Russia, as well as the infl uence of this principle in sentencing.
The extent of meeting the forensic accounting requirements in courts: Evidence from the developing countries
Authors: Al Jundi Nawaf Abdullah
Published: January 2023

This study aims to explore the extent of meeting the forensic accounting requirements in courts, using the aspects of the availability of financial data for forensic accountants, possessing the required practical, scientific skills by forensic accountants, and the existence of a legislative and organizational environment. The population of the study consists of 998 people and represents the employees of the Audit Bureau and the Integrity and Anti-Corruption Commission. The study sample consists of 130 people from these two bodies. The data was collected through a questionnaire. The study used a descriptive-analytical approach and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study concluded that the aspects of using forensic accounting in Jordanian courts, that are the availability of financial data for forensic accountants, possessing the required practical and scientific qualifications by forensic accountants, possessing the required skills by forensic accountants, and the existence of a legislative and organizational environment, are consistent with the conclusions of other studies (Alshurafat et al., 2021; Shbeilat & Alqatamin, 2022). The study recommends that the pertinent authorities encourage the Jordanian courts to use forensic accounting in resolving financial conflicts.
A case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy triggered by asthma exacerbation after mRNA-based vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Tachibana Yusuke , Yamada Tadaaki , Tsuji Taisuke , Murai Junji , Jinno Kazuki , Matsumoto Shoki , Sasada Aosa , Goda Shiho , Omura Ayaka , Shiotsu Shinsuke , Yuba Tatsuya , Takumi Chieko , Hiraoka Noriya , Takayama Koichi
Published: January 2023

Recent studies have reported that coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)
vaccination can exacerbate asthma. Status asthmaticus sometimes induces
takotsubo cardiomyopathy. We present a case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy
triggered by asthma exacerbation after the mRNA-based vaccination.
Therapies for status asthmaticus resulted in prompt improvement of
respiratory failure and cardiac-apex ballooning.
Adaptation of the Temporal Bisection Task for Remote Collection: Development, Analysis and Validation
Authors: Arruda Marcel Valério de , Verzili Bruna , Herrmann Flavio , Glisoi Soraia Fernandes das Neves , Galduróz Ruth Ferreira , Reyes Marcelo Bussotti
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant impediment to experimental
research, leading several researchers to adapt psychophysical data
acquisition. With the development and proliferation of information
technology, paper-based organizational processes have gradually begun to
be replaced by computer-based equivalents. This study describes how we
developed, analyzed data, and validated the temporal bisection task in a
remote data acquisition scenario. We implemented the data acquisition
using the open science software OpenSesame, in conjunction with the
JATOS platform. We described in detail all the steps to use our codes,
which we made available for reuse. We acquired data from 28 participants
using the remote acquisition system and compared them with data obtained
in person (from Penney et al., 2000). Our remote data showed compatible
results with live experiments, suggesting that the modality of data
acquisition (remote or live) does not influence the results.
pyisotopomer: A Python package for obtaining intramolecular isotope ratio differences from mass spectrometric analysis of nitrous oxide isotopocules
Authors: Kelly Colette , Manning Cara , Frey Claudia , Kaiser Jan , Gluschankoff Noah , Casciotti Karen
Published: January 2023

RATIONALE Obtaining nitrous oxide isotopocule measurements with isotope
ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) involves analyzing the ion current ratios
of the nitrous oxide parent ion (NO)
as well as those of the NO fragment ion. The data
analysis requires correcting for “scrambling” in the ion source,
whereby the NO fragment ion obtains the outer N atom
from the NO molecule. While
descriptions exist for this correction, and interlaboratory
intercalibration efforts have been made, there has yet to be published a
package of code for implementing isotopomer calibrations. METHODS We
developed a user-friendly Python package (pyisotopomer) to determine two
coefficients (γ and κ) that describe scrambling in the
IRMS ion source, and then to use this calibration to obtain
intramolecular isotope deltas in NO samples. RESULTS We
show that, with two reference materials distinct enough in their site
preference, γ and κ can be determined robustly and
accurately for a given IRMS. An additional third reference material is
needed to define the zero-point of the delta scale. We show that the
scrambling behavior of an IRMS can vary with time, necessitating regular
calibrations. Finally, we present an intercalibration between two IRMS
laboratories, using pyisotopomer to calculate γ and κ and
to obtain intramolecular NO isotope deltas in lake
water unknowns. CONCLUSIONS Given these considerations, we discuss how
to use pyisotopomer to obtain high-quality NO
isotopocule data from IRMS systems, including the use of appropriate
reference materials and frequency of calibration.
On the Interaction between the Search Parameters and the Nature of the Search Problems in Search-Based Model-Driven Engineering
Authors: Roca Isis , Font Jaime , Arcega Lorena , Cetina Carlos
Published: January 2023

The use of Search-Based software engineering to address Model-Driven
Engineering activities (SBMDE) is becoming more popular. Many
maintenance tasks can be reformulated as a search problem, and, when
those tasks are applied to software models, the search strategy has to
retrieve a model fragment. There are no studies on the influence of the
search parameters when applied to software models. This paper evaluates
the impact of different search parameter values on the performance of an
evolutionary algorithm whose population is in the form of software
models. Our study takes into account the nature of the model fragment
location problems (MFLPs) in which the evolutionary algorithm is
applied. The evaluation searches 1,895 MFLPs (characterized through five
measures that define MFLPs) from two industrial case studies and uses
625 different combinations of search parameter values. The results show
that the impact on the performance when varying the population size, the
replacement percentage, or the crossover rate produces changes of around
30% in performance. With regard to the nature of the problems, the size
of the search space has the largest impact. Search parameter values and
the nature of the MFLPs influence the performance when applying an
evolutionary algorithm to perform fragment location on models. Search
parameter values have a greater effect on precision values, and the
nature of the model fragment location problems has a greater effect on
recall values. Our results should raise awareness of the relevance of
the search parameters and the nature of the problems for the SBMDE
community.
Analysis of Marine Heatwaves in the Bay of Bengal region
Authors: Kumar Sudhanshu , Chakraborty Arun
Published: January 2023

In the ocean, temperature extremes have adverse effects on precipitation
patterns, sea level change, and migration/damage of ecosystems. It has
been found that most species are more sensitive to extreme events like
marine heatwaves (MHWs), implying the severe impacts of MHWs on ecology.
These events are driven by various atmospheric and oceanic processes. In
recent years, these extreme events are more frequent and intense
globally and their increasing trend is expected to continue in the
upcoming decades. They have the potential to devastate marine habitats,
and ecosystems together with ensuing socioeconomic consequences. It
recently attracted public interest and scientific researchers, which
motivates us to analyze the recent MHW events in the Bay of Bengal
region. we have isolated 107 MHW events (above the 90th percentile
threshold) in this region of the Indian Ocean and investigated the
variation in duration, intensity, and frequency of MHW events during our
test period (1982-2021). Our study reveals that the average of three MHW
events per year in the study region with an increasing linear trend of
1.11 MHW events per decade. In the analysis, we found the most intense
event has a maximum intensity was 5.29°C (above the climatology mean),
while the mean intensity was 2.03°C. In addition, we observed net heat
flux accompanied by anticyclonic eddies to be the primary cause of these
events. Also, an effort has been made to understand the relationship
between climate modes, sea surface height, and the difference between
evaporation and precipitation with the occurrence of MHW events.
Evaluating CCS readiness in India: CO2 storage potential, source-sink mapping and policy outlook
Authors: Verma Yashvardhan , Vishal Vikram
Published: January 2023

The Government of India announced its commitment to reach net-zero
greenhouse gas emissions by 2070 at the recent COP 26 summit. Modeling
projections suggest that meeting this target would likely require
substantial amounts of CO capture and storage (CCS)
from large-point sources (LPS). Our analysis first reveals the key
co-benefits for India in the adoption of CCS, viz. energy security,
lower aggregate costs of carbon mitigation, higher resilience and lower
stranded assets. For instance, we estimate that stranding of
>100 GW and >70 GW of coal- and gas-fired
power capacity could be avoided with the presence of CCS in the power
sector mix.

This analysis is further supplemented by our recent estimates on
CO storage potential estimates in Indian geologic
formations. Our results indicate that the storage capacity via enhanced
oil recovery (EOR) is 1.2 GtCO after incorporating
engineering and geologic constraints. Similarly, the storage capacity in
unminable coal fields is estimated to be 3.5-6.3 GtCO.
Even though the combined storage potential in these formations is
constrained, they should be actively considered within policy-making as
they predominantly lie within areas of dense areas of LPS, thus creating
possibilities of CCS hubs and clusters. In addition, 291
GtCO could be sequestered in saline aquifers and 97-316
GtCO in basalts; though, these values are subject to
higher uncertainties. A number of saline aquifers may be characterized
as having storage potential equivalent to several years of LPS emissions
(>10 GtCO) along with high storage
feasibility.

Our ongoing analysis attempts a more evolved approach towards
source-sink mapping in India by combining the storage potential
estimates with geospatial layers of LPS. Large power plants, which emit
>20 MtCO annually, and high-purity
CO sources such as refineries, are of particular
interest. Preliminary source-sink mapping results show substantial
clustering opportunities in eastern India, which has active coalbed
methane extraction undertaken by five companies, and western India, with
large industrial sources interspersed with EOR sites. The results of
this analysis will also inform decision-makers on future LPS siting
opportunities if a policy thrust on CCS is undertaken for meeting
net-zero targets over the next two decades.
A grey area of research ethics: Public vs private spaces for internet-based research
Authors: Williams Ryan
Published: January 2023

Internet-based researchers (IBR) are often presented with the challenge
of determining what is in the public and private domain for online
ethics. Convery and Cox (2012) argue that the literature generally
supports the use of informed consent in private settings but is less
clear about public spaces. Thus, establishing what is public and private
is increasingly relevant. The complexity in this area is that ethical
guidelines vary from university to university. What is acceptable or
deemed as public in one institute may be deemed up for interpretation in
another.
Comment on calibration, validation, and evaluation of WEPP with natural runoff plot data
Authors: Kinnell P.I.A. , Kinnell P I A
Published: January 2023

15 16 Wang et al (2022) undertook an evaluation of the Water Erosion
Prediction Project (WEPP) 17 model on 134 USLE runoff and soil loss
plots. Wang et al did not compare the capacities of 18 WEPP and USLE
based models to predict soil loss. The importance of doing that on bare
19 fallow plots is illustrated here. Data from comparisons of WEPP,
RUSLE2, and the USLE-M 20 undertaken by Kinnell (2017) demonstrated that
both RUSLE2 and the USLE-M predicted 21 event soil losses on 4 historic
bare fallow USLE plots in the USA better than WEPP. It is 22 apparent
that because WEPP is a steady state model designed to model event soil
loss for 23 ridged tillage cultivation, WEPP is in not well suited to
predicting event soil losses from bare 24 fallow plots that are planar
with rills occurring in some storms but not all storms.. Given that 25
calibrated WEPP does not model event soil losses on bare fallow USLE
plots better than 26 either RUSLE2 or the USLE-M, the fundamental
ability of WEPP to model event erosion 27 under natural rainfall must be
questioned at this time. 28 29 30 Keywords: WEPP; RUSLE2; USLE-M;
calibration; natural rainfall 31 32 33 2
Impacts of Forced and Internal Climate Variability on Changes in Convective Environments Over the Eastern United States
Authors: Franke Megan Elizabeth , Hurrell James Wilson , Rasmussen Kristen , Sun Lantao
Published: January 2023

Hazards from convective weather pose a serious threat to the continental
United States (CONUS) every year. Previous studies have examined how
future projected changes in climate might impact the frequency and
intensity of severe weather using simulations with both
convection-permitting regional models and coarser climate and Earth
system models. However, many of these studies have been limited to
single representations of the future climate state with little insight
into the uncertainty of how the population of convective storms may
evolve. To thoroughly explore this aspect, a large ensemble of Earth
system model simulations was implemented to investigate how forced
responses in large-scale convective environments might be modulated by
internal climate variability. Daily data from an ensemble of 50
simulations with the most recent version of the Community Earth System
Model was used to examine changes in the severe weather environment over
the eastern CONUS during boreal spring from 1870-2100. Results indicate
that forced changes in convective environments were small between 1870
and 1990, but throughout the 21st century, convective available
potential energy and atmospheric stability (convective inhibition) is
projected to increase while 0-6 km vertical wind shear decreases.
Internal climate variability can either significantly enhance or
suppress these forced changes. The time evolution of bivariate
distributions of convective indices illustrates that future springtime
convective environments over the eastern CONUS will be characterized by
relatively less frequent, less organized, but deeper, more intense
convection. Future convective environments will also be less supportive
of the most severe convective modes and associated hazards.
Psychosocial Staffing and Implementation of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Psychological Care Guidelines in U.S. Pediatric Diabetes Clinics
Authors: Price Julia , Lewis Amanda M. , Pierce Jessica S. , Enlow Paul T. , Okonak Katherine , Kazak Anne E.
Published: January 2023

Background

Few studies have examined the implementation of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines for the Psychological Care of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective

To collect benchmark data on psychosocial staffing and implementation of the ISPAD guidelines across U.S. pediatric diabetes clinics.

Methods

Medical (n = 95; 77 endocrinologists and 18 advance practice providers) and psychosocial (n = 86; 43 social workers and 43 psychologists) providers from 98 of 115 contacted clinics completed an online survey (85% response rate). Providers reported the number of psychosocial staff and rated the adequacy of psychosocial staffing, quality of psychosocial care, and adherence to the ISPAD guidelines in their clinics. χ2 Tests and ANOVA were used to examine differences across clinic size and across medical and psychosocial providers.

Results

Clinics averaged a total of ∼4 hours per week of psychosocial provider time per 100 patients with type 1 diabetes. Only 27% of providers agreed that psychosocial staffing was adequate, and 35% described their psychosocial care as comprehensive. Implementation of the ISPAD guidelines varied across clinics, with minimal differences across clinic size. Medical providers reported that evidence-based psychological assessment and interventions were delivered consistently by <55% of clinics. Psychosocial, compared with medical, providers were more likely to report frequent implementation of psychosocial assessment and intervention guidelines.

Conclusion

Psychological care in U.S. pediatric type 1 diabetes clinics does not consistently meet the ISPAD guidelines, and many clinics lack adequate psychosocial staff. These benchmark data are a foundational step to improve psychosocial care for pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors Used in Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Barati Sedeh Farnam , Michaelsdóttir Thorunn Elísabet , Henning Mattias Arvid Simon , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst , Ibler Kristina Sophie
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata, measured by change in Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score. A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed using Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane library. All studies investigating the efficacy of treatments for alopecia areata were included. Primary outcomes were the proportion of patients with alopecia areata achieving 30%, 50%, 75%, 90% and 100% improvement in SALT score after treatment with a Janus kinase inhibitor. A meta-analysis was performed including all randomized controlled trials investigating Janus kinase inhibitors. A total of 37 studies matched the inclusion criteria and were included. Meta-analysis was performed based on 5 randomized studies. Regarding patients with alopecia areata defined as ≥ 50% scalp hair loss, baricitinib 4 mg once daily demonstrated the highest efficacy. However, among patients with alopecia areata defined as a SALT score ≥ 50, oral deuruxolitinib 12 mg twice daily demonstrated the highest efficacy. Deuruxolitinib and baricitinib appear to be promising drugs for the treatment of alopecia areata. However, the response depends on the dosage of the drug. More randomized trials, with identical inclusion criteria and dose and duration of treatment, are required to confirm these findings.