bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Parametric Cost Model in Oil and Gas EPC Contracts
Authors: Abbaspour Madjid , Toutounchian Sanaz , Dana Tooraj , Abedi Zahra , Toutounchian Solmaz
Published: January 2018

This study aims at identifying the parameters that govern the environmental costs in oil and gas projects. An initial conceptual model was proposed. Next, the costs of environmental management work packages were estimated, separately and were applied in project control tools (WBS/CBS). Then, an environmental parametric cost model was designed to determine the environmental costs and relevant weighting factors. The suggested model can be considered as an innovative approach to designate the environmental indicators in oil and gas projects. The validity of variables was investigated based on Delphi method. The results indicated that the project environmental management’s weighting factor is 0.87% of total project’s weighting factor.
Participatory Public Service Design by Gov.3.0 Design Group
Authors: Baek Suhyun , Kim Sunah
Published: January 2018

Citizen satisfaction levels with public service have become a key indicator in evaluating a nation’s policy capability; as such, it has become important to realize citizen-centered public service that enhances the satisfaction of citizens. Governments need to adopt new and creative methods to respond to changes and redefine the conditions of their policy processes. This study reviews the effectiveness of utilizing open innovation by design thinking for policy processes, and aims to detail the conditions for a policy process geared towards citizen-centered public service. The study reviews open innovation as a means of overcoming the insular tendencies of organizations, and also reviews the advantages of design thinking in identifying the diversified needs of citizens and coordinating their interests. Based on those, we conducted a case study and applied open innovation by design thinking for policy processes. The results revealed that key conditions include cooperation among designers, the diversification of communication channels between internal and external organizations, the joining of citizen experiences, repeated verification of citizen needs, and visualization of the whole progression. Such conditions are principal factors that contribute to citizen orientation and participation, and are expected to play a conducive role in the realization of citizen-centered public service in the future.
Vaccinia Virus in Blood Samples of Humans, Domestic and Wild Mammals in Brazil
Authors: Peres Marina , Bacchiega Thais , Appolinário Camila , Vicente Acácia , Mioni Mateus , Ribeiro Bruna , Fonseca Clóvis , Pelícia Vanessa , Ferreira Fernando , Oliveira Graziele , Abrahão Jonatas , Megid Jane
Published: January 2018

Outbreaks of Vaccinia virus (VACV) affecting cattle and humans have been reported in Brazil in the last 15 years, but the origin of outbreaks remains unknown. Although VACV DNA have been already detected in mice (Mus musculus), opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and dogs during VACV zoonotic outbreaks, no transmission to cattle or humans from any of these were reported during Brazilian outbreaks. In this work, we assessed the PCR positivity to VACV in blood samples of cows and other domestic mammals, wild rodents and other wild mammals, and humans from areas with or without VACV infection reports. Our results show the detection of VACV DNA in blood samples of cows, horse and opossums, raising important questions about VACV spread.
The Role of E6 Spliced Isoforms (E6*) in Human Papillomavirus-Induced Carcinogenesis
Authors: Olmedo-Nieva Leslie , Muñoz-Bello J. , Contreras-Paredes Adriana , Lizano Marcela
Published: January 2018

Persistent infections with High Risk Human Papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are the main cause of cervical cancer development. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HR-HPVs are derived from a polycistronic pre-mRNA transcribed from an HPV early promoter. Through alternative splicing, this pre-mRNA produces a variety of E6 spliced transcripts termed E6*. In pre-malignant lesions and HPV-related cancers, different E6/E6* transcriptional patterns have been found, although they have not been clearly associated to cancer development. Moreover, there is a controversy about the participation of E6* proteins in cancer progression. This review addresses the regulation of E6 splicing and the different functions that have been found for E6* proteins, as well as their possible role in HPV-induced carcinogenesis.
Methodological Framework for Analysing Cascading Effects from Flood Events: The Case of Sukhumvit Area, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Hilly Geofrey , Vojinovic Zoran , Weesakul Sutat , Sanchez Arlex , Hoang Duc , Djordjevic Slobodan , Chen Albert , Evans Barry
Published: January 2018

Impacts from floods in urban areas can be diverse and wide ranging. These can include the loss of human life, infrastructure and property damages, as well as other kinds of nuisance and inconvenience to urban life. Hence, the ability to identify and quantify wider ranging effects from floods is of the utmost importance to urban flood managers and infrastructure operators. The present work provides a contribution in this direction and describes a methodological framework for analysing cascading effects from floods that has been applied for the Sukhumvit area in Bangkok (Thailand). It demonstrates that the effects from floods can be much broader in their reach and magnitude than the sole impacts incurred from direct and immediate losses. In Sukhumvit, these include loss of critical services, assets and goods, traffic congestion and delays in transportation, loss of business and income, disturbances and discomfort to the residents, and all these can be traced with the careful analysis of cascading effects. The present work explored the use of different visualization options to present the findings. These include a casual loop diagram, a HAZUR resilience map, a tree diagram and GIS maps.
Le prix du vin au XXe siècle dans l'Hérault, du domaine au marché (1886-1970)
Authors: Lacombrade Philippe , Raynaud Claude
Published: January 2018

Les cours du vin, collectés sur les marchés régionaux et nationaux et publiés par la presse spécialisée, étaient-ils toujours ceux que l’on pratiquait à la propriété, dans la négliger, dans cette transaction, la marge de discussion qui tenait aux rapports interpersonnels et à la situation locale, ou d’autres facteurs qui pouvaient accentuer ou au contraire assouplir la conjoncture régionale ? L’analyse de deux sources parallèles, les comptes d’exploitation d’un domaine de Lunel-Viel d’une part, et les cours de la place de Montpellier, publiés par la revue Le Progrès agricole et viticole, d’autre part, met en lumière des décalages entre les prix moyens relevés sur le marché. Sans pouvoir encore éclairer nettement le sens de ces fluctuations, la comptabilité domaniale révèle la complexité du processus d’élaboration des prix.
Le prix, vecteur d'injustice ou de justice sociale
Authors: Gavignaud Geneviève
Published: January 2018

Après avoir longuement et patiemment scruté les mercuriales dans le sillage d’Ernest Labrousse, les historiens ont délaissé l’étude des prix. Au même moment, sur le terrain, des producteurs, tels les viticulteurs du Midi de la France, se dressaient contre la libération des cours vinicoles mise en oeuvre par l’organisation commune du marché européen. Ils le firent au nom de la défense du «prix social du vin » , version modernisée du «juste prix » d’autrefois, aux antipodes des recommandations libérales des nouveaux Prix Nobel des années 1970. Après avoir perdu la bataille des prix, le Languedoc a arraché ses vignes dévolues à la consommation courante populaire, et promu une production haut de gamme en vue d’une clientèle élitiste. Le plus vaste vignoble du monde a ainsi perdu plus de la moitié de sa superficie, les deux tiers de sa production et les quatre cinquièmes de ses propriétaires ; sa nouvelle notoriété attire des capitaux de tous horizons. Un cas d’école apte à inciter les historiens attentifs aux réalités économiques et sociales à renouer avec l’analyse des prix et de leurs conséquences sur les activités humaines.
Temps, lieux et supplices : les mémoires paysannes à l'épreuve de l'enquête (Vendres, fin du XIIIe siècle)
Authors: Bourin Monique , Challet Vincent
Published: January 2018

El procesamiento que versa sobre la posesión y el uso de las tierras situadas en las orillas del Estanh Jot y que data de fines del siglo XIII constituye uno de los más antiguos procesamientos cuyo original se conserva en Languedoc. Con ser muy incompleto permite sin embargo penetrar en la intimidad de una comunidad lugareña que ve sus intereses amenazados por los de los pueblos vecinos y que ha pasado, menos de medio siglo antes, de un dominio señorial al dominio real. Permite también sondear memorias campesinas menos impresivas y menos sumisas a los suplicios de lo que se ha dicho a veces, más atentas al contrario a ciertos usos y habitus y a sus eventuales rompimientos. Por fin muestra cómo los vecinos de Vendres distan de sufrir pasivamente el procesamiento y saben amoldarse a sus fines en beneficio de su propia causa sin que se pueda por eso tachar su participación de consentimiento a un dominio.
Dans l'écran, face à l'image
Authors: Katz Stéphanie
Published: January 2018

L'expérience de l'immersion dans les grottes d'Altamira aura été l'occasion d'une réflexion autour du concept d'écran. Substituant une généalogie de l'image-écran à une vision historique de l'image, ce travail veut distinguer différents dispositifs du visible, chacun porteur de projets antagonistes à l'égard du spectateur.

Dans cet esprit, l'analyse du dispositif d'immersion, qui caractérise bien souvent le rapport contemporain à l'image, révèle une rupture : là où l'immersion critique plonge le spectateur dans l'écran pour le tenir face à l'image, une autre immersion fusionnelle travaille à effacer la zone-écran et instaure un état de confusion chez le spectateur. D'une immersion à l'autre, c'est toute la question de la maturité du regard du spectateur qui est en jeu.
Description spatiale du contenu d'enregistrements stéréophoniques
Authors: Carr-Brown Alexandra , Colcy Maximilien , Delatte Nicolas
Published: January 2018

Cet article s'inscrit dans le programme de recherche de l'ENS Louis-Lumière sur la spatialisation sonore pour lequel nous travaillons dans le cadre de nos mémoires. Grâce aux avancées technologiques, les principes de l'holophonie, visant à recréer un effet de réalité sonore, ont pu être concrétisés avec l'apparition, entre autres, de la synthèse de front d'onde (WFS) et des ambisoniques d'ordre supérieur (HOA). Ces nouvelles méthodes de diffusion se sont notamment développées grâce aux systèmes de description par le contenu tels que la norme Mpeg-4. En effet, afin de restituer une scène sonore de manière réaliste il convient d'en maîtriser tous les aspects : il faut être en mesure de décrire précisément tous les éléments qui la constituent, signaux sources, positions de ces sources et caractéristiques acoustiques du lieu. Ainsi, ces systèmes exigent non plus une captation sonore au sens classique du terme mais une véritable campagne de mesure, incluant, entre autre une prise de son fractionnée de chacune des sources présentes. Nous pensons qu'il n'est pas pertinent de négliger la prise de son traditionnelle et qu'il est possible de penser autrement les méthodes actuelles. Afin de permettre la synthèse de scènes sonores par ces nouveaux systèmes sans pour autant bouleverser radicalement les habitudes du terrain, nous proposons plusieurs pistes. Nous pensons qu'il est possible d'extraire les nombreuses informations que contient un signal stéréophonique sur la spatialisation, à savoir celles relatives aux sources, à leurs positions et au lieu de la captation. Pour cela, nous proposons de procéder d'abord à un découpage fréquentiel puis d'appliquer à chaque bande des méthodes d'estimation d'indices spatiaux basées sur des outils statistiques. En conséquence, notre travail de recherche s'intitule description spatiale du contenu d'enregistrements stéréophoniques.
Discontinuité axiale... Une autre façon de découper l’image
Authors: Martin Pascal
Published: January 2018

Depth of field contributes to segmenting an image with a classic blurred-sharp-blurred distribution. This structure, however, is linear on the optical axis. By using and by-passing movements initially reserved for large-format cameras, it is possible to position the focus to suit. Thus, the picture can be in or out of focus at any point on the image. The camera lens then, becomes an aesthetic tool and a producer of meaning. The object of this article is to better understand the foundations and peculiarities of this technique by way of examples provided.
Exemples de l'évolution conjointe des propriétés prêtées au vide et des avancées théoriques en Physique
Authors: Millot Laurent
Published: January 2018

The study of evolutions of vacuum definitions and physical theories underline the fact that they are strongly correlated. In this article, we first explain why waves do not have any physical sense and the related consequences for speed of waves. Second, we show a determinist derivation of the Schrödinger equation, that the definitions of waves packets are not complete and the related measurement problems, and also the fact that the Heisenberg inequalities and the definition of vacuum as quantum fluctuations are then not relevant. Third, the particle paradigma, as only valid one, permits to propose some clues for a reformulation of General Cravivity theory without using spacetime bending, but with a disqualification of spacetime bending related definition for vacuum. Fourth, a clue for another vacuum definition is sketched.

Last, considering physical phenomena of different nature and lower scale, we used the particle paradigma to propose a rather uncommon scenario for the history of the Universe.
Photographes : sociologie d’une profession mal connue
Authors: Maresca Sylvain
Published: January 2018

The profession of photographer, subject to rapid and seemingly unending technological and economic changes, remains relatively unknown. This paper attempts to summarise the available information pertaining to this composite profession, which is both unstable and relatively underresearched. It also suggests areas for further research. Different photographic spheres will be examined and compared to other cultural or artistic practices. The angles chosen will be : career entry points and training options, the impact of digital technologies and the competition from non-professionals.
La mise en « je » du film
Authors: Guéneau Catherine
Published: January 2018

Si l’autobiographie en littérature, ou l’autoportrait en peinture et en photographie ont été couramment pratiqués, le cinéma semblait moins adapté techniquement à un type de réalisation intimiste. L’apparition progressive de dispositifs de filmage plus légers donnera finalement aux cinéastes toute la liberté nécessaire pour l’auto-filmage.
Stephen Dwoskin, de la personnalisation de la caméra à l’érotisme haptique : le gros plan comme révélation d’un subjectif dérangeant
Authors: Bonino Fabienne
Published: January 2018

My objective was to draw a sketch of a study about a subversive cinema, through the idea of an unsettling subjectivity. Stephen Dwoskin’s films open up a particular territory within the intimate. They cause trouble by dealing with taboos, such as illness, suffering, handicap, death, a sexuality that is often violent. They spread confusion because the distinctions between genres become very ambiguous. I thought that the use of close-ups, often blurry, of the filmed faces – usually the ones belonging to loved women-was the only hint of an insane quest of the other. However, getting closer to these films, I see in them the expression of a hunt. Stephen Dwoskin remains strongly tense towards the other, in a confrontation with the camera that seduces as well as persecutes. This camera-look he is patiently awaiting like an ambushed hunter goes beyond mere voyeurism. The unbearable camera-look appears narrowly bonded to the particular length of this type of shot.
Je suis au cinéma : l’imaginaire autobiographique du film
Authors: Coutagne Gabriel
Published: January 2018

L’autobiographie subit certains clichés, parmi lesquels l’idée que l’histoire que l’auteur nous raconte doit absolument être vraie pour mériter notre intérêt. Plus simplement, l’auteur doit avoir vécu ce qu’il nous raconte… Mais l’autobiographie, plus encore au cinéma qu’en littérature, peut-elle se résumer en un simple compte rendu des épisodes d’une vie qu’assure la mémoire de l’auteur ? L’image cinématographique malgré son apparent réalisme, nous fait douter de cela, tant elle peut être le lieu de mélanges, de contre-sens, de mensonges et de fabulations. Au sens propre, l’image est imaginaire. Toute tentative d’autobiographie devient alors une opération d’imagination, c’est-à-dire une opération productive, où l’histoire est recrée plutôt qu’elle n’est transcrite. Dès lors, l’auteur, produisant sa propre histoire, produit une image de lui-même. Et c’est en cela que l’autobiographie devient un processus éminemment artistique, car elle devient le lieu où l’auteur s’invente au cinéma.
Shedding light on the ENS Louis-Lumière Archives
Authors: Denoyelle Françoise
Published: January 2018

The École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière was originally founded on the initiative of the photography and cinema industry. The author pays particular attention to the origins of the school, which inaugurated a sound department after World War II. This distinctive feature forged its specific character and reputation. With its transition to higher education, the school opened up to research and emphasised its interest in creative production.

The school’s private origins partially explain the lack of records concerning its constitution. Successive relocations also largely contributed to the loss of administrative and teaching materials. Consequently, a review covering three quarters of a century - the recruitment of students, teachers and guest speakers, as well as the educational methods developed - has proven inconsistent. Little or nothing remains with regard to the school’s origins. However, the requirement that students write a dissertation upon the school’s transition to a Master’s-level curriculum, and the advent of digital technology, have facilitated the collection of information on a much larger scale.
Intangible Heritage or Corporate Memory: from Conversions to Conservation
Authors: Astore Mireille , Browne Ann
Published: January 2018

Unlike cinema, whose history is often told as a story of famous studios, directors, stars, and films, the story of film schools can be perhaps more productively traced through the stories of founders, change makers, graduates, technological innovations and in particular the institutions’ archival practices.

In this paper, we will be concerned with the history of the Australian Film, Television and Radio School (AFTRS) as the preeminent screen and broadcast sector school in Australia. More importantly, we will examine the relationship between the school’s history, its relationship with the National Archives of Australia and its desire to record significant markers, graduates’ achievements, and academic endeavours in the story of film. No doubt, the preservation of students’ works and their subsequent films, together with film critique writings through the school’s academic journal Lumina, stand as affirmation of the school’s role as incubator of talent and passion. As such, these archives chronicle the smaller ground-up histories of individuals as some have evolved from talented students to world renowned filmmakers. Furthermore, we will focus on AFTRS’ promotion of its archive and this history as a reflection of its own entity and influence on Australian society, as a marker of our time, and indeed of its place in the screen and broadcast sector in the world.

Nonetheless, we also believe that diverse and obsolete formats, a range of course levels and content, as well as organisational and legal processes cannot be assimilated into one grand historically significant archive. Indeed, these are dispersed within AFTRS through corporate memory, cataloguing systems, information technology systems, and archival rooms. With the maturity of the digital era, analogue conversions and conservation seem to be directly linked to the idea of open access as the school navigates the evolving landscape of copyright, intellectual property and censorship. We will therefore examine non-linear and evolving systematic archival practices of old and new material as they continue to pose challenges at AFTRS.

Similarly, we will investigate the acclimatisation of the “original” versus “copy” dichotomy in the digital and online sphere but from a conservation perspective, and how the notion of posterity and the multitude has in effect blurred the notion of the historical document.
Héritage intangible ou mémoire d’entreprise : des conversions à la conservation
Authors: Astore Mireille , Browne Ann
Published: January 2018

Contrairement au cinéma, dont l’histoire est souvent racontée à travers celles des grands studios, des réalisateurs, des stars et des films, l’histoire des écoles de cinéma s’exprime sans doute plus efficacement à travers celle de leurs fondateurs, de leurs instigateurs, des changements qui se sont opérés, de leurs diplômés et des innovations technologiques, en particulier dans l’évolution de leurs pratiques d’archivage.

Dans cet essai, nous aborderons l’histoire de l’Australian Film, Television and Radio School (AFTRS) en tant que la plus éminente école du secteur cinématographique et audiovisuel d’Australie. Nous nous intéresserons surtout à la relation historique de l’école avec les Archives nationales d’Australie, à son désir de conserver ses repères importants et les réalisations de ses diplômés, mais aussi à ses projets de recherche en histoire du cinéma. Il ne fait aucun doute que la conservation des oeuvres des étudiants, de leurs films ultérieurs et des critiques de films publiées dans la revue de l’école Lumina, affirme le rôle de d’incubateur de talents et de passion de l’AFTRS. En tant que telles, ces archives constituent la chronique détaillée de chaque histoire individuelle, certains anciens élèves talentueux étant aujourd’hui des réalisateurs mondialement célèbres. De plus, nous verrons comment l’AFTRS assure la promotion de ses archives et de leur histoire dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur sa propre entité, d’une évaluation de son influence sur la société australienne en tant que repère temporel de notre époque, et finalement sur la place qu’elle tient dans le secteur cinématographique et audiovisuel mondial.

Les formats divers et obsolètes, les différents niveaux de cours et de contenus ainsi que les processus administratifs et juridiques ne peuvent pas être intégrés à des archives majeures, d’importance historique. En effet, cet ensemble est réparti au sein de l’AFTRS entre la mémoire d’entreprise, les systèmes de catalogage, les systèmes informatiques et les salles d’archives. Avec la maturité de l’ère numérique, les conversions numériques et la conservation semblent directement liées à l’idée de libre accès, tandis que l’école se fraye un chemin dans le paysage changeant des droits d’auteur, de la propriété intellectuelle et de la censure. Nous examinerons donc les pratiques d’archivage systématiques, non linéaires et évolutives, pour les documents anciens et nouveaux puisqu’elles continuent à confronter l’AFTRS à plusieurs défis.

Nous explorerons également l’acclimatation de la dichotomie entre «original» et «copie» dans le domaine numérique et en ligne, mais selon la perspective de la conservation en cette période où la notion de postérité et la prolifération des contenus brouillent effectivement la notion de document historique.
Кто виноват? (À qui la faute ?) dans le drame familial des Herzen : «Était-ce une prémonition de mon destin ?»
Authors: Grenier Svetlana
Published: January 2018

Кто виноват ? в семейной драме Герцена : «Неужели это было пророчество моей судьбы… ? »

В статье высказывается предположение, что роман Герцена Кто виноват ? по-служил своеобразной «моделью » для Н. А. Герцен в ее романе с Георгом Гервегом. Во-первых, Натали проводит в жизнь идею «любви к двоим » , высказан-ную в романе, а во-вторых, использует риторические приемы герценовского по-вествователя, чтобы доказать себе, что в данной ситуации, как и в романе, «никто не виноват » (в том числе, и она перед Эммой Гервег). Неудача ее опыта «любви к двоим » , основанной на обмане одного из них, показывает онтологическую несосто-ятельность этой идеи. К статье прилагается несколько неопубли-кованных или частично опубликованных в переводах писем Н. А. Герцен к Георгу и Эмме Гервегам.
Benoît Malon, Herzen et les premiers socialistes russes
Authors: Vuilleumier Marc
Published: January 2018

Бенуа Малон, Герцен и первые русские социалисты

Б. Малон был активным участником I-го Интернационала, коммунаром, а затем влиятельным лидером социализма. В конце своего изгнания, между 1878 и 1880 годами, он опубликовал большое количество работ в Лугано, Цюрихе и Париже. В частности, он был автором двух последовательно вы-шедших периодических журналов : Про-грессивный социализм (Le Socialisme progressif

), основанный в 1877 г. и Социа-листический журнал (La Revue socialiste),

издававшийся в 1880 году. Кроме того, его перу принадлежит амбициозная История социализма. По мнению Б. Малона, социа-лизм является международным явлением, поэтому он собирает подробную информа-цию о странах, в которых социализм про-является в полной мере. Он интересуется и Россией, которая занимает большое место в его исследованиях. Б. Малон не скрывал своего восхищения молодыми нигилиста-ми, которые, несмотря на принадлежность к привилегированным классам, вели борьбу за освобождение народа. В истоках этого движения по его мнению стоял не только Герцен, которым он восхищается, но и Чернышевский. Вследствие этого Б. Малон принимает участие в переводе на француз-ский язык романа Что делать ?, опубли-кованного в 1875 году в Лоди. На основа-нии некоторых указаний, оставленных Б. Малоном позже, автор статьи попытался восстановить и описать обстоятельства, которые позволили Б. Малону войти в сно-шения с русскими, снабжавшими послед-него нужными сведениями.
Lev Kamenev, historien d’Alexandre Herzen : un intellectuel entre deux rives
Authors: Amacher Korine
Published: January 2018

Лев Каменев, историк Александра Герцена : интеллектуал между двух берегов

До сих пор имя большевика Льва Каменева не связывалось с именем Александра Ивановича Герцена. Тем не менее, еще с дореволюционных лет Каменев испытывал к Герцену глубокий интерес. После рево-люции, и в особенности в начале 1930-х годов, в бытность свою директором изда-тельства «Academia » и двух академиче-ских институтов по литературе, Каменев отредактировал и издал множество текстов Герцена и начал амбициозную программу исследований этого мыслителя. Теперь архив Каменева открыт, и найденные мате-риалы свидетельствуют об активной дея-тельности Каменева в области герцено-ведения. В 1936 году, после вынесенного Каменеву смертного приговора, большин-ство его работ попало в специальные фонды, недоступные исследователям вплоть до его посмертной реабилитации в 1988 году. Это надолго задержало изучение как работ самого Каменева, так и начатый им сме-лый проект переиздания Колокола. Смерть Каменева также ознаменовала конец дис-куссий вокруг герценовского наследия. На деле, Каменев, более других сделавший для распространения ленинской интерпре-тации Герцена, не был чужд немарксист-ским дореволюционным культурным и интеллектуальным традициям. И, в отли-чие от того, что произойдет после Второй мировой войны, когда в герценоведении марксистская интерпретация стала доми-нирующей, Каменев об этих традициях не умалчивал.
La rencontre Herzen – Blanqui, Fribourg, 16-17 octobre 1866
Authors: Vuilleumier Marc
Published: January 2018

The Meeting Herzen-Blanqui, Fribourg, 16-17 October 1866

ln 1848, Herzen had been attracted by the personality of Blanqui whose analysis he often shared. ln 1866, the Alsacian republican G. J. Schmitt, editor in Fribourg of the radical newspaper, Le Confédéré,

which represented the opposition to the Second Empire, presented Herzen to Blanqui. We publish here the account of this meeting, made by Blanqui to his friend, doctor Watteau and the French translation of the article which had been devoted to him in the

Kolokol.
Chas Laborde à Moscou (1935) : un témoignage oublié
Authors: Pollaud-Dulian Emmanuel
Published: January 2018

Шарль Лаборд в Москве (1935)

Забытое свидетельство

В 1935 году художник-рисовальщик Шарль Лаборд (1886-1941) приезжает в Москву, имея в наличие только свои альбомы с набросками. Этот единственный в своем роде худож-ник, ныне забытый, поставил перед собой задачу выразить душу современных огром-ных городов-метрополий через образы их улиц и толпы прохожих, идущей по ним. Будучи сам неутомимым пешеходом, про-зорливым и наблюдательным, Шарль Лаборд предлагает свое исключительное графическое видение повседневной жизни москвичей.
Un texte inédit : Kantemir (1708-1744) et la question de la langue
Authors: Breuillard Jean
Published: January 2018

РезюМе

После смерти Петра i (1725) беспрецедентная коллективная работа начинается в России, в целях модернизации русской прозы. Этот проект будет завершен лишь в самом конце века. Среди тех выдающих писателей, которые приняли участие в этой многолетней работе первым по времени был Антиох Дмитриевич Кантемир (1708-1744), сын господаря Молдовы. Кантемир, желая «упростить » письменный язык, решил ввести в письменный язык слова из живого народного языка. Кантемир разделял сугубо лексическое представление языка. В этом отношении, он похож на Василия Тредиаковского (1703-1769), который в начале своей работы, также намеревался писать «просто » . Данное направление, в кото-ром привегирован парадигматика языка в ущерб синтагматике (взаимосвязи языковых единиц : синтаксис, ритм, анафора и т. д.) сделало возможным появле-ние блестящей поэзии. Тем не менее, в прозе дело обходилось иначе. В течение нескольких десятилетий проза оставалась слабым местом русской литературы, из-за отсутствия грамма тической мысли о синтаксисе и порядке слов. Лишен-ный стандартизированной прозы, полиглот Кантемир использовал несколько языков (феномен диглоссии или полиглоссии) в зависимости от жанра текста и личности получателя.
Inscription des formes verbales injonctives dans la syntaxe du discours en russe contemporain
Authors: Fontaine Jacqueline
Published: January 2018

After a reminder of the theorical bases of our conception of text grammar, we present in this paper a picture of the functioning in russian of the aspectual opposition concerning injunctive mood. The notion of actuality, essential for the semantics of the imperfective aspect, is important for us : it makes it compulsory to precise the signification of the present tense which is closely linked to the reference to the speaker. Are also examined two descriptive implications concerning impersonal utterances and the notion of performative modality.
Comment mesurer le degré de la liberté de l’accent ?
Authors: Lehfeldt Werner
Published: January 2018

The article tries to find out a pattern to assess the level of freedom of the verbal accent. For that purpose, the author elaborates a system he uses, as an example, to determine the degree of freedom of the accent for verbal wordforms in Standard Contemporary Russian. As a conclusion, the author interprets the value as a result of the approach.
Та еще статья! ou la curieuse sémantique de tot ešče
Authors: Roudet Robert
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to analyse and specify the curious semantics of tot ešče ; indeed it can be noted, that in many cases, this phrase witch relates, in most cases, to a noun, has a negative meaning which does not in the least proceed from the meaning of tot and ešče considered separatly. the first part of this work will specify the semantics of this phrase, which will be achieved by studying the combination of this expression, first with a deprecatory noun, then with an axiologically neutral noun, then with a positive one. We will try to show what tot ešče precisely adds to the meaning in each of this cases. then we will study the syntactical functioning of tot ešče and will note that it is mostly used as a predicative but other possible uses will come to light. And last we will try to explain the emergence of an area of meaning so little related to the two components of this phrase. Without being able to reach certainties we will however see that this problem, although critical, may not be insoluble.
L’emploi des pronoms personnels en polonais (par contraste avec le russe et le français)
Authors: Włodarczyk Hélène
Published: January 2018

Użycie zaimków osobowych w j. polskim (na tle j. rosyjskiego i w kontraście z francuskim)

tak w języku fr. jak i w j. polskim zaimki osobowe posiadają formy ortotoniczne i enklityczne. Jednakże użycie tych fom w obu tych językach jest różne, a gramatyki nie uwzględniają tego faktu przy pomocy jasnych reguł. W rodzinie języków słowiańskich j. polski znacznie różni sie od j. rosyjskiego ; bowiem wytworzyły się w nim nowe formy enklityczne zaimka w 3-ej osobie (go i mu), podczas gdy w j. rosyjskim formy enklityczne odziedziczone z prasłowiańszczyzny zanikły w j. współczesnym. Jednakże na nowszym etapie rozwoju j. polskiego jesteśmy świadkami nieprawidłowego używania form ortotonicznych i enklitycznych zaimka w 1-ej osobie (mi zamiast mnie). By wyjaśnić użycie tych dwóch rodzajów form przedstawianych w gramatykach jako warianty pozycyjne, opieram się na Meta-informacyjnej teorii centrów Uwagi (MIc – Meta-Informative centering theory), w której wypowiedzi podstawowe odróźniane są od rozszerzonych na podstawie ich metainformacyjnego statusu (datum/ novum). Form ortotonicznych używa się w wypowiedziach rozszerzonych, to znaczy w ekspresywnych wypowiedziach z punktu widzenia kontrastu między informacjami „ starą” (datum) a „ nową” (novum). Wreszcie kontrast ten pozwala na zdefiniowanie różnicy między topikiem a fokusem. W ramach teorii MIc stało się możliwe) systematyczne zestawienie użyć polskich form enklitycznych (pośród których należy odróżniać zerowe formy mianownika od elipsy podmiotu istniejącej w j. rosyjskim) z użyciami form enklitycznych w językach francuskim oraz rosyjskim, uwzględniając przy tym zagadnienie miejsca podmiotu zaimkowego w szyku wyrazów : przed lub po czasowniku. ogólnie rzecz biorąc używanie zaimków świadczy o tym, że pragmatyczne treści znajdują również bezpośrednie wykładniki zarówno w morfologii jak i składni.
L’émergence du concept de discours indirect libre et la représentation des pensées : quand le terme opacifie la réalité
Authors: Artyushkina Olga
Published: January 2018

The appearance of the concept of free indirect discourse (FId) is connected with the tendancy of psychologisation in literature which involves the interest in the representation of interior discourse and mental process. the variety of examples of FId respresents a great heterogeneity which renders hypothetical the very use of this linguistic term. Indeed, FId is used to refer not only to the indirect (or interior) discourse, but also to represent any expession of emotion and subjectivity uncompatible with the narrator’s position. the paper gives a critical review of such approach of FId, which shows the weekness of the formal definition of the concept. the author of this paper develops the idea of differentiation between the representation of the interior discourse and the mental process of thought formulation which involves not only a verbal stage, but a non verbal one as well, composed of visual perception, rememoration, etc. In this context the use of this term is problematic because it refers only to a verbal aspect of thought. In such cases the term “ point of view” and the notion of “ FId effect” proposed by the author are more appropriate.
La théorie de la langue chez Šiškov
Authors: Garde Paul
Published: January 2018

Šiškov’s theory of language

In russian traditional historiography admiral a. s. Šiškov is viewed as a ridiculous figure, an enemy of progress who tries to promote an incomprehensible archaical language. But a thorough study of his writngs shows that whereas his famous book of 1803 against “ new style” is only a bad tempered libel, in the following years he wrote some well-thought-out texts where a real linguistic theory may be discovered. He insists on the difference between studies in language and in litterature, and states that the former should have an inductive method, on the basis of a systematic review of facts. He tries to define what is a language, and notes that it includes not only every day speech, but also special or dialectal items, as well as linguistic facts of the past, either known by documents or reconstructed. He calls his native language “ slavorussian”, and states that the so-called “ russian” and “ slavonic” (i. e. church slavonic) languages are one and the same, with only dialectal and stylistic differences, while all dialects and all styles are equally valuable. that language has also in his view a logical unity, since every language “ reasons in its own way”. the etymological link berween words is the reflection of the logical link between ideas, and the introduction of foreign words (by borrowing or by calque, which is still worse) can only disrupt that logic. this doctrine conveys some interesting and sound ideas. But its obvious shortcomings -dogmatism, negation of historical evolution, ignorance of the needs of present time – account for its failure.
En réponse à Karamzin… La première Lettre philosophique de Čaadaev comme réplique à la préface de l’Histoire de l’État russe
Authors: Gonneau Pierre
Published: January 2018

A reply to Karamzin… Chaadaev’s first Philosophical letter as a reply to the foreword to The History of the Russian State

This article establishes a dialogue between the foreword to The History of the Russian State by N. Karamzin (1815) and P. Chaadaev’s first Philosophical Letter (1829), in their russian and French versions. It tries to show that Chaadaev’s pessimistic thesis, written after the failed Decembrist insurrection, is mostly formulated as a reply to the idyllic painting made by Karamzin at the time of alexander I’s victory against Napoleon. the questions debated by the two authors are : russia’s contribution to civilization, feats and great men of russian history, periodization of russian history in regard to the idea of Progress, homeland and religion.
Commentaire d’un poème de V. Xlebnikov («V ètot den′ golubyx medvedej…»)
Authors: Lanne Jean-Claude
Published: January 2018

Hermetic poems have a strange property : better than the so called intelligible poems they throw light on the inner functioning of the poetic world. In this article is tentatively made an analysis of Khlebnikov’s poem “ v ètot den′ golubyx medvedej…”, a piece in which the form appears to be a strongly regulated system of connections between various elements. Inside that highly sophisticated cluster the usual words acquire new semantic values and new shades of meaning. If a seemingly logical meaning of the whole may be built up, it remains to a wide extent hypothetical and rather indefinite and “ diffused”. the commentary of an abstract futuristic work has to be restraint and sober, and its only duty is to make easier the reception of the beautiful futuristic “ self-contained word”.
Les « Français russes » à Moscou en 1812 : images de l’ennemi et destin d’une communauté d’émigrés
Authors: Rjéoutski Vladislav
Published: January 2018

The “ Russian French” in Moscow in 1812 Images of the Enemy and Destiny of an Emigrant Community

This article deals with the question of the situation of French émigrés in Moscow before and during its occupation by the Napoleonic army. The Russian government, some social groups and Moscow authorities built the image of an interior enemy and it complicated the conditions of life of the French community in Moscow. During the occupation, some French people were involved in the municipality created by the occupational authorities in Moscow. However, only a few of them were sentenced after Moscow was liberated by the Russian army.
Inciderunt itaque in fossam quam sibi ipsi fecerunt : Mass Grave of Napoleon’s Soldiers in Vilnius, December 1812 [Inciderunt itaque in fossam quam sibi ipsi fecerunt : La fosse commune des soldats de Napoléon à Vilnius, décembre 1812]
Authors: Jankauskas Rimantas
Published: January 2018

Inciderunt itaque in fossam quam sibi ipsi fecerunt

Братская могила солдат Наполеона в Вильнюсе, декабрь 1812 г.

Вскрытие этой братской могилы с целью ее спасения от разрушения, имело место весной и в сентябре 2012 г. Оно позволило обследовать поверхность примерно в

600 м2. В могиле было обнаружено

3269 человек, в основном мужчин, но так-же несколько женщин. Возраст и сложение соответствуют требованиям, предъявляв-шимся при наборе во французскую армию. Анализ патологий выявил немногочислен-ные травмы. Незалеченные травмы были, возможно, вызваны грубым обращением с телами при их захоронении. Были выявле-ны следы 34 леченных травм, переломы длинных костей хорошо срослись, что под-тверждает высокую квалификацию хирур-гов и/ или хороший подбор новобранцев. Было отмечено несколько случаев патоло-гий, характерных для солдат, подверг-шихся большим нагрузкам (в особенности в пехоте) : 8 случаев болезни Шейерманна

(поражение кости позвоночника) и 6 слу-чаев «маршевой стопы » (перелом во время переходов). По крайней мере 3 не пол-ностью залеченные травмы могли иметь причиной свежие ранения, произошедшие во время этой кампании. Было также отме-чено несколько следов инфекционных забо-леваний, как специфических (таких как третичный сифилис или риккетсиозы), так и неспецифических, а также случаи раз-личных изменений полости рта и обычных изменений костей и зубов.
Une lettre inédite de Herzen à Charles Edmond, et de celui-ci à Proudhon. Publication, commentaires et notes
Authors: Desurvire Emmanuel , Mervaud Michel
Published: January 2018

An Unpublished Letter from Herzen to Charles Edmond and Another One of Charles Edmond to Proudhon

In early December 1852, Herzen learnt that Charles Edmond’s young daughter was probably in Paris with his own daughters at Maria Reichel’s home. In this previously unpublished letter, he announces his wish to go to Paris to meet his daughters again. Moreover, he is impatient to get an answer from Proudhon, whom he apparently admires a lot. Charles Edmond transmits Herzen’s letter to Proudhon, and in his, also unpublished letter, considers that Herzen is flattering Proudhon too much.
А. В. Дружинин : «… видеть Францию мне было полезно очень» : Париж 1857 года глазами русского путешественника. Publication, commentaires et notes. [A. V. Družinin : “… visiting France has been very helpful for me” : Paris in 1857 as Described by a Russian Traveller]
Authors: Aldonina N. B.
Published: January 2018

A. V. Družinin : “… visiting France has been very helpful for me” Paris in 1857 as Described by a Russian Traveller

On the basis of archives, the article goes back over the stay in Paris of the Russian writer and critic A. V. Družinin (1824-1864) during summer 1857. Every detail has been noted : the places he visited, the kind of occupations he had, the people he met. Družinin’s observations on nature in France, on its social and artistic life will be related in a series of documents written in the 1860’ s. All the facts mentioned here from a scientific point of view are interesting for the study of the biography of the author, but also for a broader analysis of the cultural relations between France and Russia.
Beneficial effects of whole body mechanical vibration alone or combined with auriculotherapy in the pain and in flexion of knee of individuals with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Neto Samuel Brandão Sobrinho , Marconi Eloá Moreira , Kutter Cristiane Ribeiro , Frederico Eric Heleno F. F. , de Paiva Patrícia de Castro , Meyer Patrícia Froes , Chang Shyang , Sá-Caputo Danúbia , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: January 2018

Purpose: to study the effect of whole body mechanical vibration (WBMV) exercise alone or combined with auriculotherapy (AT) in the pain and in the range of movement of the knees of participants with knee osteoarthritis. Authors have reported that these interventions can reduce the pain
and increase the muscle strength in various clinical situations. Materials and Methods: The level of pain was evaluated by the visual analogue scale and the range of movement of the knees by goniometry. In five weeks protocols, in the AT intervention, ear points (Shenmen, Kidney, corresponding
point-Knee) were stimulated by two seeds (Semen vaccariae), approximated diameter of 1 mm that were previously in an adhesive tape and they were changed every week. The control group had no seeds in the ear's lobe adhesive tape. All the participants were instructed to use the fingers
to press (manually) the adhesive tapes for 10 min, three times per day (six days) and to remove the tapes (7th day) before returning to the laboratory. In WBMV intervention, the biomechanical parameters of the mechanical vibration were (i) peak-to-peak displacement (D) with 2.5, 5.0
and 7.5 mm and (ii) frequency ranging from 5 Hz on the first day, increasing by 1 Hz per session, ending with 14 Hz in the last session. The working time was 3 min with 1 min of rest. The evaluations were performed (i) before and after the first session (acute effect) and (ii) before the first
(5 Hz) and after the last (14 Hz) session (cumulative effect). Results: A significant (p<0.05) decrease of the level of pain in the participants with knee osteoarthritis treated with WBMV exercise and with the combined intervention (WBMV and AT) was found in the acute and cumulative
effects. The pain was importantly reduced due to WBMV exercise alone about 50% and reduced about 16% in the combination with AT, in the acute intervention. In the cumulative intervention, the pain was strongly reduced about 60% due to WBMV exercise alone and about 37% in the combination with
AT. Possibility, this decrease in the effect may be related to inhibitory/competitive actions of the two interventions. In the control groups, no alteration on the level of the pain was observed. The range of the movement (knee´s flexion) was not altered in the participants of the all
groups. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that the level of the pain was decreased (acute and cumulative effects), with both interventions, WBMV exercise alone or combined with AT, However, more studies are need to widespread the use of these forms of treatment.
The Interaction of Tourism and Cyclone Activity In East Asia: Sustainability and Disasters
Authors: Bang Vu Tam , Iksoon Im Eric , Thompson Roy R. , DeWitt Tom
Published: January 2018

This research investigated the relationship between cyclone activity and tourism in the Northeast Asian and Southeast Asian regions. A dataset on the damage impact of cyclones was constructed based on the Tropical Cyclone Best Track tables and the Annual Tropical Cyclone Reports provided
by the United States National Climatic Data Center for the period 1995–2014. A damage index was based on the wind speed when each cyclone went through a region and the distance of the region to the largest city in the vicinity. The results showed that there were feedback effects between
these cyclones and unsustainable tourism where cyclone damage reduced the number of tourist arrivals and some unsustainable activities by the tourism industry increased the cyclone damage. We then examined the disparities among the affected countries in East Asia. The results showed that that
except for Philippines, which endured much more cyclone damage than that aggregate level, the other countries were either at or below the average level of damage.