bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA TENTANG IMAN KEPADA QODHO’ DAN QODAR MELALUI METODE BELAJAR AKTIF MODEL MENINJAU KEMBALI KESULITAN MATERI PELAJARAN
Authors: Ahsanuddin
Published: October 2020

Educators are expected to develop learning methods in accordance with competency standards and basic competencies. Achievement of all the basic competencies of commendable behavior can be done irregularly. The role of all school elements, parents of students and the community is very important in supporting the successful achievement of the objectives of Islamic Education. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the level of mastery of Islamic Religious Education subject matter on Faith in Qodho and Qodar students (2) the level of mastery of Islamic Religious Education subject matter on Faith in Qodho ’and Qodar that students have received in facing the grade promotion test. From the analysis it was found that student achievement increased from cycle I to II, namely cycle I (68.75%), cycle II (87.50%) students who experienced mastery. From the results of the learning activities that have been carried out for two cycles and based on all the discussions and analyzes that have been carried out it can be concluded as follows Learning with active learning methods models reviewing difficulties in the subject matter of Islamic Religious Education about Faith in Qodho and Qodar has a positive impact in improving learning achievement the student.
On the Nature of the T Tauri Triple System
Authors: Beck Tracy L. , Schaefer G. H. , Guilloteau S. , Simon M. , Dutrey A. , Folco E. Di , Chapillon E.
Published: October 2020

We present a multiwavelength analysis to reveal the nature of the enigmatic T Tauri triple star system. New optical and infrared measurements are coupled with archival X-ray, UV, and millimeter data sets to show the morphologies of disk material and outflow kinematics. A dark lane of obscuring material is seen in silhouette in several emission lines and in model-subtracted ALMA millimeter continuum dust residuals near the position of T Tau Sa+Sb, revealing the attenuating circumbinary ring around T Tau S. The flux variability of T Tau S is linked in part to the binary orbit; T Tau Sb brightens near orbital apastron as it emerges from behind circumbinary material. Outflow diagnostics confirm that T Tau N powers the blueshifted western outflow, and the T Tau S binary drives the northwest-southeastern flow. Analysis of the southern outflow shows periodic arcs ejected from the T Tau system. Correlation of these arc locations and tangential kinematics with the orbit timing suggests that launch of the last four southern outflow ejections is contemporaneous with, and perhaps triggered by, the T Tau Sa+Sb binary periastron passage. We present a geometry of the T Tau triple that has the southern components foreground to T Tau N, obscured by a circumbinary ring, with misaligned disks and interacting outflows. Particularly, a wind from T Tauri Sa that is perpendicular to its circumstellar disk might interact with the circumbinary material, which may explain conflicting high-contrast measurements of the system outflows in the literature. T Tauri is an important laboratory for understanding early dynamical processes in young multiple systems. We discuss the historical and future characteristics of the system in this context.
Comparison Results of Automated Auditory Brainstem Response and Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry for Hearing Loss Detection in High-risk Infants
Authors: Warasanti Endang Susanti , Purnami Nyilo , Soeprijadi Soeprijadi
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) is not widely used for hearing screening because it is considered less practical; however, it is often used for diagnostics. Since the founding of automated auditory brainstem response (AABR), it often uses because it is more practical, has a high sensitivity and specificity in early detection of hearing loss (HL) in high-risk infants.
AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the differences results of AABR and BERA for HL detection in high-risk infants at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
METHODS: The study was conducted from November 2014 to September 2015 with consecutive sampling. The subjects were high-risk infants treated in the NICU room of the Neonatology Division at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya and examined using AABR or BERA to determine the existence of HL.
RESULTS: BERA results obtained normal (negative) as many as 28 ears (73.68%) and not normal (positive) as many as 10 ears (26.32%). AABR results obtained pass (negative) as many as 23 ears (60.53%) and refer (positive) as many as 15 ears (39.47%). Detection of HL in high-risk infants in NICU with AABR obtained 40% of sensitivity and 60.71% of specificity, 26.67% of positive prediction (NPP), 73.91% of negative predictive value (NPN), 55.26% of accuracy, 39.29% of false positive error rate, and 60% of false negative error rate. The comparative test of Wilcoxon signed-rank between the results of AABR and BER obtained p = 0.236.
CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference between AABR and BERA results for HL detection in high-risk infants at NICU.
Comparison of Clinical Outcome between Craniectomy and Craniotomy as Surgical Management of Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Mardhika Putu Eka , Maliawan Sri , Golden Nyoman , Awyono Steven , Ryalino Christopher
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a major problem in traumatic brain injury. Surgical techniques for treating ASDH are varied, including cranioplastic craniotomy and large decompressive craniectomy. The superiority of craniectomy and craniotomy for treating ASDH is still controversial.
AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome between craniectomy and craniotomy for treating traumatic ASDH through systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: This study used electronic articles published in PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Directory of Open Access Journal. Articles included were full-text observational studies in Indonesian or English. Clinical outcome using the Glasgow Outcome Scale was compared between craniectomy and craniotomy. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3.
RESULTS: Six articles met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We performed random effect model analysis because of high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 77%; X2 = 21.98). The pooled risk ratio between craniectomy and craniotomy on poor outcomes was 1.41 (p = 0.02; 95% CI: 1.06–1.88).
CONCLUSION: Craniectomy increases the risk of poor clinical outcomes in treating a traumatic ASDH.
Using System Dynamic Modeling for Improving Water Security in the Coastal Area: A Literature Review
Authors: Ratna Dwi Puji Astuti
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Water is one of the basic materials of human existence. In respect this, many countries have been focused on water security agenda as one of the national strategic security. One of water security domains is coastal water security. Water security, due to the myriad of factors influencing water quantity and quality in coastal area, can be considered as a complex system. Due to the complexity and dynamic characteristic, system dynamic model (SDM) is needed to implement in coastal area to integrate all subsystem.
AIM: This study aims to analyse the subsystems relating to coastal water security. The subsystem determination used to develop future policy-making relating to coastal water security.
METHODS: For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted and a set of 12 papers was selected from 2009 – 2019.
RESULTS: The papers’ analysis shows the applicability of SDM to solve complex problems. Water scarcity has been identified as a major problem in the coastal area, identified in eight papers. Three papers are related to water quality and only one paper relating to both. There are four major subsystems relating to coastal water security: environment, economic, social, and politic. Information about the aquaculture activities, the mechanism of coastal water pollution and water relating human health risk is still limited.
CONCLUSION: We recommend use of SDM in the coastal water security to be extended to aquaculture, coastal water pollution and human health risk aspect in order to promote a holistic understanding of the complex issues and to develop more effective policies.
Risk Factors of Stunting in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Huriah Titih , Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Stunting remains a nutritional problem in children in Indonesia and some other developing countries. It has become a public health problem that must be taken seriously and continuously. Although there was an improvement in 2018, the incidence of stunting in Indonesia is still quite high (36.4%), compared to other Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia (20%) and Thailand (10.5%). In the world, Indonesia occupies the 17th position of 117 countries for the stunting incidence.
AIM: This study aims to describe the risk factors of stunting in children under five in developing countries.
METHODS: This research is a scoping review. The sources were drawn from multiple databases such as Ebsco, PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct with the keyword “stunting” AND “risk factors” AND “developing countries.” Inclusion criteria include the research must be related to the risk factors of stunting, should be conducted in developing countries, should be full texted in English, and published in 2015–2019.
RESULTS: The search of databases found 3605 articles, with the details of 10 articles from Ebsco, 45 articles from PubMed, 20 articles from ProQuest, and 3530 articles from Science Direct. According to all the databases, only 9 articles were reviewed that met the inclusion criteria of this study.
CONCLUSION: Parent factors, toddler factors, and environmental factors are risk factors of stunting in children under five.
Expression of mRNA Mastermind-like Domain-containing 1, Androgen Receptor, and Estrogen Receptor in Patients with Hypospadias
Authors: Yuri Prahara , Heriyanto Didik Setyo , Rodjani Arry , Hutasoit Yonas Immanuel , Hutahaean Andre Yudha Alfanius , Rahman Muhammad Ridhaniar , Amanda Reisya Rizki , Raksawardana Yusuf Kirana , Lestari Rahmadani Puji , Fardilla Firly Putri , Wahyudi Irfan
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Androgen (AR) and Estrogen (ER) hormones play an important role in the prenatal and postnatal development of the urogenital tract and especially the penis. Growth factors also influence the development of genital structures. Little is known about the exact role of Mastermind Like Domain 1 (MAMLD1) in sexual development. A role in sex differentiation through supporting testosterone production in critical periods of male development has been suggested. MAMLD1 mutations result in hypospadias with and without a disorder of sexual development (DSD) primarily because of compromised testosterone production around the critical period for fetal sex development, but the underlying etiology remains unclear.
AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between gene factor MAMLD1, AR, ER1, and ER2 with the incidence of hypospadias.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between gene factor MAMLD1, AR, ER1, and ER2 with the incidence of hypospadias.
METHODS: From 2017-2018, peri-urethral dartos were harvested from 46 patients with proximal hypospadias, 24 patients with distal hypospadias and 10 patients with normal penile were used as controls. The expressions of MAMLD1, AR, ER1, and ER2 were investigated by one-step quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: Median age was 5 years old in the 70 patients with hypospadias and 6 years old in the control subjects. Total specimens taken included 24 distal penile, 46 proximal penile, and 10 normal penile specimens. We found decreasing MAMLD1 and AR expressions, but ER2 expression increased in patients with hypospadias compared to controls, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). A positive correlation between MAMLD1 and AR was found in patients with hypospadias (r = 0.062; p = 0.038).
CONCLUSIONS: Decreasing of MAMLD1 and AR expression was followed by increasing ER2 expression in patients with hypospadias. MAMLD1 had a positive correlation with AR so the defect of MAMLD1 may influence AR and increase the incidence of hypospadias.
The Rare Five Finger Pectoralis Nerves: A Case Report
Authors: Fakoya Adegbenro Omotuyi John , Rosado-Velazquez Michelanthony Lee , Sugunathevan Kirthana , Prophete Kai Anika , Khunkhun Surpreet Kaur , Aguinaldo Emilio , Afolabi Abayomi Gbolahan , McCracken Thomas
Published: October 2020

The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerve tissue in the human body that has been reported to vary from person to person. We describe a very rare variation of the brachial plexus found on a routine cadaveric dissection. On the left side of the chest, we identified two lateral pectoral nerves arising from the lateral cord and innervating the pectoralis major muscle; two medial pectoral nerves (MPNs) arising from the medial cord that innervates both pectoral muscles and a communicating branch that connects the lateral and MPN. In addition, this communicating branch had a nerve that innervated the pectoralis minor muscle. Knowing the variations of branching of the pectoral nerves is critical when performing any medical procedure in the pectoral region, such as plastic breast reconstruction surgery after modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer, removal of the pectoral muscles, anesthetizing the brachial plexus, or axillary dissection.
A Comparative Analysis of Rare Sternalis Muscles: A Case Report
Authors: Fakoya Adegbenro Omotuyi John , Heymans Jessica , Rivera Lennis N. Colón , Fuentes Brian Acevedo , Afolabi Abayomi Gbolahan , McCracken Thomas
Published: October 2020

The sternalis muscle is a rare variant in the anterior chest wall located anterior to the vertical muscle. It was found in two cadavers during routine cadaveric dissection of 20 bodies. This finding provided an opportunity to perform a comparative anatomical analysis between a unilateral sternalis muscle on a female versus a bilateral sternalis muscle on a male. Having a better understanding of the anatomical variants can be extremely useful, precisely to avoid misdiagnosing tumors and to assist in landmark identification during surgeries.
The Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Extracts on Interleukin-10 Expression and Histological Score in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced Colitis Mice
Authors: Ruslie Riska Habriel , Darmadi Darmadi , Siregar Gontar Alamsyah
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic or relapsing inflammation of the intestine which consists of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine which plays important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is rich of azadiractoids which possesses anti-inflammatory activity.
AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of neem leaf extract on IL-10 expression and histological score in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis rats.
METHODS: The first phase compared 7 DSS-induced colitis rats (case group) with seven healthy rats (control group). All of them were sacrificed. The second phase compared 28 DSS-induced colitis rats treated with mesalazine (Group I) and 56 rats treated with neem leaf extract (Groups II and III). Seven rats from each group were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Colon samples were harvested and underwent histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis to determine IL-10 expression and histological score.
RESULTS: IL-10 expression and histological score were higher in case group compared to control group. There was similar IL-10 expression between Groups I and II on day 28 while the similarity was observed since day 7 between Groups I and III. Mean histological score was higher in Group II compared to Group I and it was similar between Group I and Group III on days 21 and 28.
CONCLUSION: Neem leaf extract increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine, in particular IL-10, and improved histological score in DSS-induced colitis rats.
Evaluation of Antidepressant Potential of Hydrastis canadensis in Mice
Authors: Batool Sadia , Saeed Haneen , Yehya Sarah , Ali Rasha , Mofreh Afia , Saeed Hanaa
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Depression is one of the most common chronic psychological disorders around the world presenting with many interpersonal and social problems. Common antidepressants have various adverse effects and are not safe for long-term therapy. Alternative safer remedies are under investigation with a focus on herbal therapies. Hydrastis canadensis is a perennial herb, rich in many phytoconstituents ranging from amino acids to alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. It is also widely used in Chinese folklore tradition for mood elevating effects; however, this has not been scientifically proven.
AIM: This study is thus aimed at evaluating antidepressant potential of this plant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethanolic extract of dried root of plant was prepared by maceration technique and was subjected to phytochemical screening. Mice were divided into four groups (n = 5). Tween 80, 2 ml (negative control), fluoxetine 10 mg/kg (positive control), and extracts at 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg were administered by intraperitoneal route to mice in their respective groups. The locomotor activity was assessed for 5 min using actimeter at 0, 30, and 60 min for each animal. Increase in locomotion was an index of antidepressant effect. The mean value of each group was calculated and results were compared by one-way ANOVA. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Phytochemical screening yielded positive results for alkaloids and saponins. Locomotion was increased in groups treated with fluoxetine and extract at 150 mg and 250 mg/kg dose when compared to negative control (1% – Tween 80). This was an index of antidepressant effect. However, the results were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for fluoxetine and extract treated groups at 250 mg/kg. Fluoxetine demonstrated the highest antidepressant effect.
CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the antidepressant potential of Hydrastis canadensis ethanolic extract. Further studies are required to validate these findings on other experimental models. The specific active constituent and effects at cellular level need to be evaluated.
Public Health, Socioeconomic Responses, and associated Challenges against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Idris Nasir , Emeribe Anthony Uchenna , Ghamba Peter Elisha , Sani Musa
Published: October 2020

For over 6 months of its emergence, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has resulted to unprecedented global health challenge and economic uncertainties. The pandemic swiftly disseminated to almost all the countries and territories of the world. The index case in Nigeria was imported by an Italian citizen on February 27, 2020. Typical of a novel respiratory tract viral infection, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria was slow in the first few days. However, as at 8:00 AM GMT+1, July 1, 2020, there were 25694 confirmed COVID-19 cases. With the continuous daily rise in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, enhanced surveillance programs were immediately activated and implemented in all parts of Nigeria. Even though an inadequate number of persons have been tested so far, the government of Nigeria has been activating public health laboratories to scale up its testing capacity. Due to the impact of partial lockdown and curfew in most states of Nigeria, the government has been able to provide some form of palliatives to vulnerable populations. This study aims to review and present the various public health and socioeconomic responses and challenges of the COVID19 pandemic in Nigeria. This reflects the efforts and successful steps taken to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria.
Vulnerability and Weaknesses of Eating Habits of Overweight School Children as an Entry Risk for COVID-19
Authors: Metwally Ammal M. , Shaaban Fatma A. , Mahmoud Walaa S. , Salah Ebtissam M. , El-Sonbaty Marwa M. , Hussien Hanan A. , Hamid Nabih Abdel , El Etreby Lobna A. , Hassanin Amal , Monir Zeinab
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, overweight among children becomes an alarming problem and a health concern. Obesity is a factor in disease severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) having the greatest impact on patients.
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight in some of the Egyptian governmental primary school children, its nutritional and socioeconomic determinants. Special focus was directed to identify the current dietary practices including risky nutritional habits of overweight children as a weak point leading to increasing their vulnerability to catching COVID-19 infection.
METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on primary school children aged 6–12 years. General demographic data, socioeconomic data, dietary pattern, intake of a diversity of nutrient-rich food versus calorie-dense food, and anthropometrical data were collected.
RESULTS: Of 1600 child, there were 8% overweight who are considered at risk of COVID-19 infection. Considering the weekly share of the stomach, only one-third of the food consumed by overweight children is nutrient-rich, with high consumption of French fries and Candies (once per day among 95% and 78 % of overweight children, respectively). Moreover, 90% of them consume sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) more than once per day. The majority of overweight children belonged to small, middle- income families, and had illiterate or read and write mothers.
CONCLUSION: Overweight children eat narrow diversity of nutrient-rich food that includes vegetables, fruits, protein, and dairy products. They eat more calorie-dense foods, every day. The increase of family income increased the likelihood of having overweight children with a high intake of SSB, candies, and chips; consumption of snacks between meals and before sleep. Protective predictors against overweight were highly educated mothers, taking breakfast before school, having dinner, and taking meals on time.
RECOMMENDATION: Nutritional behavioral education aiming at choosing nutritious and varied options of food that is effective for improving children’s nutritional status is the key to decreasing vulnerability toward COVID 19.
Association of Coronavirus Disease-19 Infected Mothers with Newborn Infants Health – A Review
Authors: Zafar Mubashir
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus (CoV) is an emerging disease and the World Health Organization declared pandemic in February 2020. Infants were born from CoV disease (COVID)-19-positive mothers who were risk of different diseases.
AIM: The aim of this review is to determine the association of infants health with COVID-19-infected mothers.
METHODS: A review of the literature was done for identifying the association of newborn health risk with COVID-19-infected mothers. Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were used as search engines.
RESULTS: The common finding among newborn infants from COVID-19-infected mothers were rashes, ulceration on the body, tachypnea, fever, and cough and assisted ventilation was needed to support the ventilation of newborn. Most of the COVID-19-infected women were delivered the preterm baby. The most effective way to reducing the health risk is to screening of mothers and appropriate effective surveillance system should be established.
CONCLUSION: The review has found that infants born with COVID-19-infected mothers had various respiratory disorders. There is a need to coordinated efforts for the management of infants.
Tuberculosis versus COVID-19 Mortality: A New Evidence
Authors: Al-Momen Hayder , Raham Tareef Fadhil , Daher Aqil Mohammad
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus current pandemic (COVID-19) is the striking subject worldwide hitting countries in an unexplained non-universal pattern. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine was an adopted recent justification depending on its non-specific immune activation properties. Still the problem of post-vaccine short duration of protection needs to be solved. The same protective mechanism was identified in active or latent tuberculosis (TB). For each single patient of active TB, there are about nine cases of asymptomatic latent TB apparently normal individuals living within the community without restrictions carrying benefits of immune activation and involved in re-infection cycles in an excellent example of repeated immunity training sessions of the whole community.
AIM: We aimed to asses the correlation between TB burden and COVID-19 mortality in all affected countries having different BCG vaccination policies.
METHODS: Publicly available data were extracted for 191 countries including population size, TB estimations, national BCG vaccination policy, the World Health Organization regions and economic classification, and COVID-19 mortality and number of cases. The analysis was performed using Spearman’s correlation test.
RESULTS: Significant large negative correlation (−0.539, p < 0.001) was found between TB prevalence and COVID-19 mortality rate worldwide. Medium negative significant correlations were found between TB cases and COVID-19 mortality in the high and lower middle-income countries, and those having current BCG vaccination programs (−0.395, p = 0.001, −0.365, p = 0.015, and −0.476, p < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Countries with high TB prevalence have higher chances of protection against COVID-19 mortality through the theory of widely distributed natural immune activation within community. Confounders should be assessed separately.
Mapeamento de áreas vulneráveis a impactos ambientais causados por postos de combustíveis na cidade de Londrina – PR
Authors: Maeda Audrey Hanae , Antunes Batista Ligia Flávia
Published: October 2020

A Resolução do CONAMA 237/2000 considera os postos de combustíveis como empreendimentos potencialmente poluidores, uma vez que podem gerar significativos impactos negativos sobre o meio ambiente e a sociedade. O trabalho teve como objetivo mapear os postos de combustíveis da cidade de Londrina-PR e avaliar sua conformidade com a legislação municipal, bem como identificar as áreas mais vulneráveis a impactos sobre os recursos hídricos. Técnicas de geoprocessamento foram aplicadas para a espacialização dos postos de combustíveis e dos elementos urbanos próximos, assim como no levantamento das condições ambientais da cidade de Londrina. Foram realizadas análises de distâncias mínimas dos postos de combustíveis com: elementos urbanos, áreas de preservação permanente (APP) e poços de abastecimento. Para avaliar a vulnerabilidade do aquífero Serra Geral (SASG) na região de Londrina foi aplicada a metodologia GOD. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que, dos 107 postos analisados, apenas 18 apresentaram-se regulares segundo as análises de conformidade. Foi constatado pelo mapa de vulnerabilidade que o risco de contaminação das águas subterrâneas na cidade de Londrina é desprezível. Assim, verificaram-se irregularidades principalmente no que se refere ao atendimento às distâncias mínimas estabelecidas pelas legislações, as quais deveriam ser observadas para proteção do meio ambiente e da segurança da população.
Monitoramento de áreas de preservação permanente (APP) interceptadas pela ferrovia norte-sul em um trecho do estado de Goiás/Brasil, por meio de dados de sensoriamento remoto
Authors: Tagliari Paula Durante , Baptista Gustavo Macedo de Mello
Published: October 2020

As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) possuem a função ambiental de preservar os recursos hídricos, a paisagem, a estabilidade geológica e a biodiversidade, facilitar o fluxo gênico de fauna e flora, proteger o solo e assegurar o bem-estar das populações humanas. As diversas intervenções antrópicas nestes ecossistemas sensíveis devem ser controladas e mitigadas com vistas à manutenção dos fluxos de água das nascentes e dos refúgios da fauna e da flora. Uma forma de controle e monitoramento é a análise da evolução dos ecossistemas que foram impactados pela instalação de uma estrada de ferro. Nesse trabalho foram selecionadas sete áreas de APP no estado de Goiás, interceptadas pela ferrovia Norte-Sul. As áreas foram monitoradas durante a instalação da ferrovia por meio da obtenção de imagens do satélite Libra adquiridas pelo sensor Landsat OLI em uma série temporal - 2013 (antes das obras), 2015 (durante as obras) e 2018 (finalização das obras) onde foi aplicado o Índice de Vegetação da Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) com o objetivo de quantificar a perda ou o ganho de vegetação. Como resultado, observou-se que de fato a instalação de uma ferrovia no auge de suas obras causa a perda de vegetação em APP, porém, com a finalização das obras observa-se também uma regeneração vegetal nessas áreas.
Atuação discente e docente da área da saúde no CHC-UFPR para o enfrentamento da pandemia Covid-19 em 2020
Authors: Almeida Leonelo Dell Anhol , Queiroz Thais De Oliveira
Published: October 2020

Este artigo relata a contribuição dos e das docentes e discentes da área da saúde do Complexo Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (CHC/UFPR) em colaboração com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Buscando maneiras para o enfrentamento ao Novo Coronavírus, a equipe de gerência de ensino e pesquisa do hospital escola, realizou um chamamento para que seus e suas estudantes da área da saúde realizem ações durante a pandemia do COVID-19 nas dependências da instituição. As contribuições estão relacionadas ao apoio administrativo, orientação telefônica e/ou online à população, atendimentos, entre outras, sob supervisão direta dos profissionais da saúde do CHC/UFPR. Neste sentido, o artigo tem como objetivo exemplificar a relevância das Universidades Públicas no Brasil ao destacar a importância do papel docente e discente universitários para o enfrentamento de diversas demandas sociais.
Estradas parque: de categoria de área natural protegida à ameaça aos parques nacionais na América Latina
Authors: De Freitas Pinto Maysa Helena , Moraes Salvio Geraldo Majela , De Oliveira José Emílio Zanzirolani , Gomes Carolina Ribeiro
Published: October 2020

As Estradas Parque (EP) são espaços lineares que visam a conservação da natureza em áreas de interesse turístico. O fluxo de pessoas traz impactos negativos às comunidades do entorno e a biodiversidade por meio de atropelamentos e perda da conectividade entre as Áreas Naturais Protegidas (ANP). Por outro lado, é ferramenta de ordenamento territorial e gestão ambiental. Dessa forma, objetivou-se obter informações sobre as EP nos países da América Latina e apresentar aspectos positivos e negativos. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, identificando onze países latino-americanos, e cinco com legislação específica para gestão destes locais. Há variedade nos objetivos e atividades, e a falta de controle e restrições amplia as consequências ao ambiente. Concluiu-se que ainda há déficit na definição legal das EP, sendo fundamental para a gestão dos impactos ambientais a elas associados.
A decisão do gestor público, baseada nos controles internos, é eficiente? – gestão de risco como política pública
Authors: Ortigara Leandra Maria , Razzolini Filho Edelvino
Published: October 2020

Estuda os controles internos por meio da implementação de políticas públicas relacionadas às tecnologias de gestão de risco. Propõe demosntrar como a gestão de risco, baseada em controles internos, pode auxiliar o processo decisório dos administradores públicos, posto que uma adequada gestão de riscos aumenta a possibilidade de atingir objetivos além de melhorar a eficácia e a eficiência operacional. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso, com análise documental e com questionários elaborados com base na tecnologia de gestão de risco COSO-II, na área de gestão e fiscalização de contratos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior. Os resultados apontam que quando a organização possui controles internos eficientes e efetua a gestão de riscos, assegura que o objeto licitado seja executado conforme contratado; mitiga a responsabilidade subsidiária da Administração Pública sobre os encargos trabalhistas e auxilia no fomento ao controle social sobre os serviços contratados. Percebe-se, portanto, um incremento da racionalização administrativa, da produtividade do trabalho e do controle sobre os atos da gestão pública.
As mulheres artesãs no sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Boldrin Juliana , Pereira Viviane Guimarães , Vasconcellos Bruna Mendes
Published: October 2020

A complexa construção histórica e social das mulheres, possibilitou na formação de uma desigualdade social. Dentro dessa marginalização, surge a importância de analisar os papeis sociais por meio de uma ótica que inclua também as mulheres nos estudos sociais e econômicos. Para tentar diminuir essa lacuna, a atual pesquisa traz como um de seus eixos teóricos a economia feminista e divisão sexual do trabalho. Como objetivo geral pretende, analisar de que maneira são construídos socialmente os elos de trabalho produtivo e reprodutivo tanto nos locais públicos e privados ocupados pelas mulheres da Associação Artes da Terra localizada no município de Itajubá-MG. Os objetivos serão alcançados, metodologicamente, através do uso do método sequencial circular, do uso da abordagem de conflito e, como instrumentos, a observação participante, entrevista de profundidade e análise de documentos realizadas juntamente com as mulheres da associação.
Metodologia de sistemas flexíveis aplicada ao treinamento em um órgão de segurança pública
Authors: Coelho Júnior João Daniel , Cândido Ana Clara
Published: October 2020

Esta pesquisa aborda o gerenciamento das informações relacionadas ao treinamento continuado de armamento e tiro em um órgão de segurança pública, tendo como amostra uma região específica. O treinamento e a capacitação constante dos colaboradores nas organizações são importantes para que estes colaboradores possam atingir as competências esperadas pelas organizações. O treinamento de armamento e tiro envolve um grande número de dados (ex. tipo de armamento, participantes do treinamento, periodicidade, etc.) e uma gestão eficiente destes dados pode gerar informações estratégicas para o órgão. Este estudo pretende propor melhorias para uma gestão de informações relacionadas ao treinamento continuado mais eficiente em um órgão de segurança pública, por intermédio da aplicação da Metodologia de Sistemas Flexíveis. Esta Metodologia é utilizada para solução de problemas complexos e propõe um caminho de sete estágios divididos entre mundo real e mundo sistêmico. Nos primeiros estágios da metodologia foi utilizada uma pesquisa de campo com entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas aos gestores de sete unidades do órgão de segurança pública pesquisado. Foi desenvolvida uma proposta de software com serviços para o órgão que, a partir da gestão das informações, poderá contribuir para as rotinas organizacionais e decisões estratégicas do órgão.
Tongoloa arguta (Apiaceae), a new species from southwest China
Authors: Gui Ling-Jian , Wen Jun , Xiao Yan-Ping , Ren Ting , Zheng Hong-Yi , He Xing-Jin
Published: October 2020

A new species Tongoloa arguta (Apiaceae) is described and illustrated in this article. The new species grows in alpine bushes and meadows in south-western China. It resembles T. silaifolia, but differs from the latter by the length of the stem, ultimate segments of leaf and rays of the umbel. Phylogenetic analysis, based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, is provided, as well as comparative morphology between related species.
Revisiting the taxonomy of Dioclea and related genera (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), with new generic circumscriptions
Authors: de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci , Snak Cristiane
Published: October 2020

The Dioclea clade comprises four genera and aproximately 60 species of the tribe Diocleae: Cleobulia (4 species), Cymbosema (1), Dioclea (ca. 50), Luzonia (1) and Macropsychanthus (3–4). Dioclea has been demonstrated to be a non-monophyletic genus, but low sampling in previous phylogenetic studies hampered the adoption of new taxonomic arrangements. We carried out densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the Dioclea clade using molecular markers that had performed well in previous studies: the ITS and ETS nuclear ribosomal regions and the plastid trnK/matK. Our results support the maintenance of the genera Cleobulia and Cymbosema with their current circumscriptions, but confirmed the polyphyly of Dioclea, with its species falling into three different positions: (1) the puzzling species, Dioclea paniculata, was highly supported as a member of the Galactia clade; (2) Dioclea subg. Dioclea appeared as sister to a clade composed of Cleobulia and Cymbosema; and (3) the species of Dioclea subgenera Pachylobium and Platylobium composed a paraphyletic grade nesting the genera Luzonia and Macropsychanthus. We thus propose that the circumscription of Dioclea should be restricted to Dioclea subg. Dioclea, with 13 species and that the limits of Macropsychanthus should be widened to include the genus Luzonia, as well as the Dioclea subgenera Pachylobium and Platylobium, with 46 species. Taxonomic summaries, new combinations and synonyms are presented for all genera of the Dioclea clade. Cleobulia and Cymbosema were retained in their original circumscriptions. We presented an illustrated taxonomic conspectus of all genera of the Dioclea clade including 44 new combinations, one new name, ten new synonyms, two re-established holotypes, 38 lectotypes, two epitypes and one neotype.
Sociaux-démocrates allemands et autrichiens face à la question « grande-allemande » : le moment fondateur d’Eisenach
Authors: Ducange Jean-Numa
Published: October 2020

Il peut sembler paradoxal de s’intéresser à la question « grande-allemande » alors même que celle-ci est largement associée au nationalisme, voire au nazisme. Avant 1933, Le pangermanisme a constitué un courant politico-idéologique très puissant en Allemagne et en Autriche. Les sociaux-démocrates ont bien évidemment lutté contre leur emprise ; pour autant la question de la grande Allemagne n’a cessé de hanter leur horizon, notamment en Autriche. Les historiens de la social-démocratie ont relativement peu travaillé sur les projets grand-allemands envisagés par les sociaux-démocrates à plusieurs moments de leur histoire, tant cette question est demeurée longtemps tabou après le national-socialisme. Notre contribution revient donc sur leurs projets de « grande Allemagne » démocratique, projet par essence transnational.
Des transferts culturels complexes : la social-démocratie finlandaise d’avant 1914 au filtre d’une analyse transnationale
Authors: Carrez Maurice
Published: October 2020

Le Parti social-démocrate finlandais (SDP) est né relativement tard par rapport à d’autres et a subi d’emblée l’influence idéologique du parti allemand et plus largement des courants occidentaux du socialisme. Les emprunts se voient tant dans le domaine des structures de l’organisation que dans celui des débats idéologiques ou de la formation des militants, en particulier des dirigeants. On peut y lire un paradoxe dans la mesure où le Grand-Duché appartenaient à l’empire tsariste et se trouvait à quelques encablures de Saint-Pétersbourg. Mais si les penseurs socialistes russes restaient peu connus avant 1917 et si la police politique faisait tout pour détruire les passerelles avec les socialistes russes, il n’en reste pas moins que c’est la situation politique en Russie qui déterminaient les phases d’avancée et de recul du mouvement ouvrier en Finlande. Or, ignorer ce fait amène à mésestimer son originalité.
Les crises internationales au début du XX e siècle (1898-1912) analysées à travers le prisme de La Sentinelle , journal socialiste neuchâtelois
Authors: Fontannaz Clément
Published: October 2020

Le journal socialiste La Sentinelle relate en prenant des positions tranchées les principales crises qui secouèrent le monde à cette époque. Ces positions sont en partie celles des socialistes de l’époque. Il existe cependant des divergences sur des questions comme le colonialisme, le soutien aux Boers ou la critique de la guerre italo-ottomane. Profondément antimilitariste et collectiviste, La Sentinelle veut amener la population neuchâteloise à rejeter la guerre et à se révolter contre les inégalités sociales qui frappent les ouvriers. Journal à la fois socialiste chrétien et marxiste, il est le principal canal de diffusion des idées socialistes dans les régions jurassiennes et neuchâteloises.
Luttes fratricides entre sociaux-démocrates : la guerre de tendances lors de la transition du SPD à la SFIO en Alsace-Lorraine (1918-1920)
Authors: Krieger Pierre
Published: October 2020

Au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale les socialistes alsaciens-lorrains se déchirent entre plusieurs tendances qui aspirent à l’hégémonie dans le mouvement. Dès l’éphémère épisode de la Révolution de Novembre, les visées des différents groupes semblent inconciliables, notamment avec le lourd passif des comportements de chacun durant la guerre. Le retour à la France entériné, les vieux-Allemands pour la plupart expulsés de la région, le SPD d’Alsace-Lorraine et les syndicats libres adhèrent aux organisations françaises que sont la SFIO et la CGT. Dans l’immédiat après-guerre les partisans du réformisme et les révolutionnaires vont alors se livrer une bataille rangée jusqu’au congrès de Tours qui verra enfin la scission actée et la création de la SFIC. La scission s’effectuera aussi entre la CGT et la CGTU au Congrès de Saint-Étienne.
La science-fiction : une approche stratégique pour les organisations innovantes
Authors: Michaud Thomas
Published: October 2020

La science-fiction a vocation à participer de plus en plus à l’innovation dans les entreprises ou dans les administrations publiques. La recherche et développement s’intéresse à sa faculté de créer des technologies utopiques anticipant souvent avec beaucoup d’acuité les inventions qui deviendront des succès lors des prochains cycles économiques. Les recherches sur la créativité ont montré que l’imagination était un facteur important dans la découverte de nouvelles théories scientifiques. De plus, depuis la fin des années 2000, le design fiction et le science fiction prototyping font figures de nouvelles pratiques innovantes, organisant des séances de créativité autour de l’imaginaire science-fictionnel. Ces récits, très largement diffusés dans les sociétés développées, trouvent leur origine dans un inconscient collectif technologique. Les technotypes sont des archétypes à l’origine des technologies utopiques. Cette approche est influencée par la terminologie jungienne et contribue à une étude de l’imaginaire technique actif dans les processus d’innovation. Le concept de mythe sectoriel permet de comprendre de quelle manière la science-fiction structure l’innovation en proposant des récits imaginaires, dont les plus influents servent de modèles, de références collectives, voire de croyances à des communautés de chercheurs essayant de réaliser la science-fiction. JEL Codes  : 031, 032
Mutation technologique et transition environnementale : enseignements du cas de l’automobile
Authors: Aït-El-Hadj Smaïl
Published: October 2020

Un vaste mouvement de recomposition technologique est à l’œuvre sous la contrainte d’une limite environnementale globale de plus en plus impérative. Le processus de transformation du système automobile, va constituer le cas d’illustration de ce type de mutation. Le système automobile est un des grands systèmes techniques, atteignant une limite critique d’effets sur l’environnement dus principalement à ses rejets de fonctionnement. Cette limite entraine à court terme une forme de réponse purement technologique concentrée sur la motorisation : la suppression des motorisations thermiques, et leur remplacement général par des technologies de propulsion électrique. Ce premier mouvement va entrainer une dynamique d’innovation sur de nouvelles technologies de motorisation, mais aussi de reconfiguration du système technique automobile, voire de diversification des systèmes de transport. Ce cas de la mutation technologique automobile apportera des enseignements généraux sur les tendances de cette nouvelle forme de mutation technologique, entrainée par la limite environnementale et sur la dynamique spécifique d’innovation qu’elle induit. JEL Codes  : L92, L98, O33, Q5, R4
Water height modifies forelimb kinematics of horses during water treadmill exercise
Authors: McCrae P. , Bradley M. , Rolian C. , Léguillette R.
Published: October 2020

Although equine water treadmills (WTs) are increasingly being used for the rehabilitation of equine athletes, the immediate- and short-term effects of this type of exercise on limb movement in the WT and overground are unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of WT exercise on equine forelimb kinematics on land and under various WT conditions before and after a prolonged period of WT conditioning. External markers were used to collect 2D kinematic data (joint extension, flexion, range of motion (ROM), elevation; stride mechanics) at 120 frames/s. Thirteen mixed breed, English performance horses were filmed under three test conditions: (1) horses walked on sand; (2) horses walked on a WT (water heights: dry, carpus, stifle); (3) horses walked on sand immediately following a WT session. Walking speeds during testing varied between horses, ranging from 1.3-1.5 m/s, but were held constant for each individual horse for all tests on both days. Testing occurred on days 1 and 10, with horses being trained on the WT for days 2 through 8 (28 min/day). Comparisons were made using linear mixed effects models. Carpal ROM and elbow ROM were greater when horses were walked in water, compared to without water (dry treadmill) and overground (P<0.0001 for all). This increased ROM was achieved primarily via an increase in joint flexion. With the addition of water, stride length increased and stride frequency decreased, accompanied by an increased percentage duration of swing phase. No effects of conditioning on gait mechanics were observed overground. Therefore, WT exercise may be meaningful for physical rehabilitation through increased joint flexion and ROM observed.