bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adversarial bandit approach for RIS-aided OFDM communication
Authors: Ahmed Ouameur Messaoud , Anh Lê Dương Tuấn , Massicotte Daniel , Jeon Gwanggil , de Figueiredo Felipe Augusto Pereira
Published: November 2022

To assist sixth-generation wireless systems in the management of a wide variety of services, ranging from mission-critical services to safety-critical tasks, key physical layer technologies such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are proposed. Even though RISs are already used in various scenarios to enable the implementation of smart radio environments, they still face challenges with regard to real-time operation. Specifically, high dimensional fully passive RISs typically need costly system overhead for channel estimation. This paper, however, investigates a semi-passive RIS that requires a very low number of active elements, wherein only two pilots are required per channel coherence time. While in its infant stage, the application of deep learning (DL) tools shows promise in enabling feasible solutions. We propose two low-training overhead and energy-efficient adversarial bandit-based schemes with outstanding performance gains when compared to DL-based reflection beamforming reference methods. The resulting deep learning models are discussed using state-of-the-art model quality prediction trends.
A non-photorealistic rendering method based on Chinese ink and wash painting style for 3D mountain models
Authors: Yan Ming , Wang Jie , Shen Yinghua , Lv Chaohui
Published: November 2022

The ink and wash painting stylized rendering with oriental aesthetic features is an important topic in non-photorealistic rendering (NPR). The research on the stylized rendering of two-dimensional (2D) models has received extensive attention, but there is still a lack of systematic research on the three-dimensional (3D) rendering effects of different brush strokes and texture mapping methods. In this paper, we mainly render the 3D mountain models from the whole ink and wash painting rendering process, different winkle rendering methods, and the canvas texture based on spatiotemporal consistency. First, the proposed rendering process is divided into feature lines rendering and interior area stylization, and the wrinkle rendering is carried out by the method of texture synthesis and texture mapping. In addition, mesh parameterization is introduced to avoid stretching and distortion that may occur during the texture mapping. Then, an empirical model is used to simulate the ink diffusion effect in the rendered image space. Finally, we investigate a dynamic canvas texture method considering temporal coherence, which uses a noise-based algorithm to generate the canvas texture that maintains the 2D appearance of the canvas under camera motion. Experimental results show that the winkle rendering and texture mapping method proposed in this paper adds rich details to 3D mountain models, and the “Shower Door” effect does not occur in the case of camera motion.
Development and validation of a disease-specific quality of life scale for adult patients with Fabry disease in Japan
Authors: Koto Yuta , Yamashita Wakana , Lee Yoko , Hadano Nozomi , Kokubu Chikara , Sakai Norio
Published: November 2022

Background

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder. It is associated with physical distress and social challenges that may affect adults differently compared to pediatric patients. However, there is no disease-specific quality of life (QOL) scale that can provide a detailed assessment of QOL for adults with Fabry disease. Therefore, we aimed to determine the factor structure and assess the validity of a scale that was created to assess the QOL of adult patients with Fabry disease. This study was conducted in two phases. First, scale feasibility was confirmed through a questionnaire survey of nine patients. Second, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of patients (aged ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with Fabry disease was conducted. Item development and refinement were conducted based on guidelines for scale development. Exploratory factor analysis was used to clarify the factor structure and confirm internal consistency. As a measure of QOL, construct validity was of the scale was verified based on its correlations with the Short Form-8 (SF-8) scale.

Results

The newly created Adult Fabry Disease QOL (AFQOL) scale comprises 39 items that cover five factors: “neuropathic pain and abdominal symptoms,” “impact on work and school,” “relationship challenges,” “ophthalmologic and otolaryngologic symptoms,” and “cardiovascular and renal symptoms.” Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for all factors was above 0.8, and the AFQOL total scores were significantly correlated with the physical and mental components of the SF-8 (rs = − 0.508 and − 0.400, respectively).

Conclusions

The AFQOL scale assesses physical symptoms and social difficulties experienced by adult patients with Fabry disease. A strength of the scale is its ability to assess the impact of work and relationships on patients. The scale can be useful in objectively assessing QOL for a group or for individual patients. Future research should explore further aspects of the scale’s validity and reliability.
Glycine encephalopathy
Authors: Bhumika S. , Basalingappa Kanthesh M. , Gopenath T. S. , Basavaraju Suman
Published: November 2022

Inherited neurotransmitter diseases are a subset of rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by hereditary deficiencies in neurotransmitter metabolism or transport. Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH), called glycine encephalopathy, is an autosomal recessive glycine metabolism disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of glycine in all bodily tissues, including the CNS. The SLC6A9 gene, which codes for the GLYT1 protein, a biochemical abnormality in the GCS, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase enzymes, which function as a GCS component, are responsible for the neonatal form’s symptoms, which include progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, seizures, and occasionally mortality in the first few days of life. By changing the MAPK signalling pathways, glycine deprivation in the brain damages neurons by increasing NMDA receptor activation, increasing intracellular Ca levels, and leading to DNA breakage and cell death in the neuron region. In addition to the previously mentioned clinical diagnosis, NKH or GE would be determined by MLPA and 13C glycine breath tests. Pediatricians, surgeons, neurologists, and geneticists treat NKH and GE at the newborn period; there is no cure for either condition.
Effects of Statins on Fat Oxidation Improvements After Aerobic Exercise Training
Authors: Alvarez-Jimenez Laura , Morales-Palomo Felix , Moreno-Cabañas Alfonso , Ortega Juan F , Mora-Rodriguez Ricardo
Published: November 2022

Context

Statins blunt cardiorespiratory fitness improvements after exercise training and may affect fat oxidation adaptations to training.

Objective

To determine if long-term statin use in dyslipidemic individuals restricts the improvements in fat oxidation typically observed after an intense exercise-training program.

Methods

A total of 106 metabolic syndrome individuals either chronically medicated with statins (ie, statin group; n = 46) or statin naive (ie, control group; n = 60) completed a 16-week supervised high-intensity interval training program. Maximal rates of oxygen consumption (V˙O2MAX), fat oxidation (FOMAX), and the shape of the workload-fat oxidation curve were assessed before and 48 hours after training in an overnight fasted state.

Results

Starting from a similar value at baseline, both groups increased V˙O2MAX after training, but the increase was larger in the control than in the statin group (19.4% vs 12.6%; P = .013). Before training, FOMAX in the statin group was lower (0.19 ± 0.08 vs 0.23 ± 0.07 g·min−1; P = .023) and took place at a lower workload (33 ± 21 vs 37 ± 19 W; P = .015) than in the control group. After training, FOMAX improved similarly in both groups (0.06 ± 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03-0.08 g·min−1 and 0.05 ± 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.07 g·min−1, for statin and control groups, respectively; (P < .001). Still, after training, FOMAX occurred at a 28% lower workload in the statin group (38 ± 26 vs 53 ± 32 W; P = .048). The V˙O2-workload slope decreased after training in both groups (both P < .001) along with reductions in the respiratory exchange ratio-workload slope. Fat oxidation increased at all workloads after training regardless of the use of statins.

Conclusion

Long-term statin treatment is associated with blunted exercise fat oxidation before exercise training. However, statin use does not attenuate the improvements in exercise fat oxidation (FOMAX) derived from intense aerobic exercise training. This finding should encourage statin users to exercise-train to benefit from increased fat oxidation once their fitness level improves.
Bruxism – contemporary knowledge about the disorder and therapeutic possibilities
Authors: Rusin Bartosz , Wójcik Alicja , Pakaszewski Wojciech , Ziomko Bartłomiej , Smulewicz Klaudia
Published: November 2022

Introduction: bruxism is a parafunction characterized by excessive activity of the masticatory muscles, consisting in grinding, or clenching of the teeth. The etiology of bruxism is multifactorial. Carefully collected history and additional tests enable correct diagnosis. There is no single method that is completely effective in treating bruxism. It is important to make the patient aware of the disorder, it’s possible consequences, and the need for treatment.

 

Aim of the study: approximation of the bruxism profile, drawing attention to the prevalence of the disorder and the need for early diagnosis, as well as discussing the current therapeutic options

 

Material and methods: the authors reviewed the literature on bruxism in terms of its causes, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

 

Conclusions: Correct, short-term diagnosis and application of appropriate treatment may inhibit the development of functional disorders of the masticatory system.
Serrated polyposis: an overview
Authors: Fawkes Jonathan
Published: November 2022

The British Society of Gastroenterology in 2020 updated its guidelines around the management of hereditary colorectal cancer. This document includes recommendations for the management of patients with serrated polyposis in combination with updated (2019) post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines, which replaced the 2017 position statement on serrated polyps in the colon and rectum. This article is intended to serve as an introduction to serrated polyposis, current practice recommendations and the challenges associated with the diagnosis and treatment of serrated polyposis. It covers the definition of serrated polyps and serrated polyposis, the endoscopic approaches for optimising detection and the follow up care that is put in place, for both patients and their families from the perspective of a nurse endoscopist.
Peripheral detection acuity for interference fringes and screen-based Gabor gratings
Authors: Jaisankar Durgasri , Suheimat Marwan , Rosén Robert , Atchison David A.
Published: November 2022

This study compared on-axis and peripheral detection acuities measured with interference fringes, that bypass eye optics, and with screen-based Gabor gratings combined with an adaptive optics system. Gabor gratings are sinusoidal gratings incorporated with a Gaussian envelope that attenuate spatial frequency broadening that occur at the window edge. The magnitude of the attenuation was varied. Peripheral detection acuities were always higher for interference fringes than for Gabor gratings. Less attenuated Gabors (with sharper edges) had higher acuities than more attenuated Gabors (with less sharp edges). Theoretical investigations indicated that the spatial frequency broadening occurring due to the sharp edge of the less attenuated Gabors contribute little to high detection grating acuity in the periphery, but that the lower attenuation provides a greater number of visible cycles which is of more benefit to detection than is the case on-axis.
Digitized radio-over-fiber transmission based on probabilistic quantization codeword shaping
Authors: Deng Jiongbin , Ye Jia , Gan Zongxin , Bai Wenlin , Yan Lianshan , Pan Wei , Zou Xihua
Published: November 2022

To improve the receiver sensitivity of the digitized radio-over-fiber (DRoF) transmission system, a vector quantization scheme based on probabilistic quantization codeword shaping (PQCS) is proposed. The PQCS performs quantization bits (QBs) rematching on the original codebook to optimize the proportion distribution of level ‘0’ and level ‘2’ in 4-Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-4) for improving system sensitivity. A 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) DRoF transmission system using intensity-modulation/direct-detection is employed to experimentally verify the proposed scheme. The experimental results indicate that, compared to the traditional vector quantization scheme, the PQCS method offers 1.45 dB shaping gain for system sensitivity at a bit error rate (BER) of 5 × 10−4. Nevertheless, the error vector magnitude (EVM) can be obtained below 2% when 6 and 7 QBs are adopted for 64-QAM and 256-QAM, respectively.
Diffractive lensless imaging with optimized Voronoi-Fresnel phase
Authors: Fu Qiang , Yan Dong-Ming , Heidrich Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

Lensless cameras are a class of imaging devices that shrink the physical dimensions to the very close vicinity of the image sensor by replacing conventional compound lenses with integrated flat optics and computational algorithms. Here we report a diffractive lensless camera with spatially-coded Voronoi-Fresnel phase to achieve superior image quality. We propose a design principle of maximizing the acquired information in optics to facilitate the computational reconstruction. By introducing an easy-to-optimize Fourier domain metric, Modulation Transfer Function volume (MTFv), which is related to the Strehl ratio, we devise an optimization framework to guide the optimization of the diffractive optical element. The resulting Voronoi-Fresnel phase features an irregular array of quasi-Centroidal Voronoi cells containing a base first-order Fresnel phase function. We demonstrate and verify the imaging performance for photography applications with a prototype Voronoi-Fresnel lensless camera on a 1.6-megapixel image sensor in various illumination conditions. Results show that the proposed design outperforms existing lensless cameras, and could benefit the development of compact imaging systems that work in extreme physical conditions.
3D head-up display with a multiple extended depth of field based on integral imaging and holographic optical elements
Authors: Lv Zhenlv , Li Jingnan , Yang Yan , Liu Juan
Published: November 2022

We propose a 3D head-up display with a multiple extended depth of field based on integral imaging and holographic optical elements (HOEs). The system consists of two components, an integral imaging module for generating 3D target objects and a holographic combiner for off-axis diffraction and image magnification. By recording HOEs with different optical powers at different locations on the same recording material, 3D imaging at multiple depth ranges is achieved. The designed and built HUD prototype verifies the feasibility of the method. The center depth planes of the red and green 3D images are at 600 mm and 2200 mm. The theoretical depth magnifications of the red and green channels are 1.5 and 5.5, and the measured depth ranges are approximately 250 mm and 850 mm. In addition, the influencing factors and improvement methods of resolution in LED illumination or laser illumination are analyzed.
Yellow pumped Pr3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser at 1015 nm
Authors: Xiao Bo , Shen Chenyao , Ji Shuaihao , Wang Zhongyu , Dai Zhengdong , Cao Weihang , Xue Yuchen , Xu Huiying , Cai Zhiping
Published: November 2022

To date, lasing in the visible to near-infrared wavelengths has been studied for praseodymium-doped fluoride fibers with the upper energy level of 3P0. In this Letter, a fiber laser operating at 1015 nm has been realized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, which confirms a new mechanism where 1D2 can be the upper energy level. A maximum output power of 241 mW, with a slope efficiency of 30%, was achieved by using a 150-cm-long active fiber pumped at a maximum pump power of 823 mW. Furthermore, the broad emission spectra of Pr3+-doped fibers in the near-infrared band have been exploited as new, to the best of our knowledge, spectral sources.
Cbln1 regulates axon growth and guidance in multiple neural regions
Authors: Han Peng , She Yuanchu , Yang Zhuoxuan , Zhuang Mengru , Wang Qingjun , Luo Xiaopeng , Yin Chaoqun , Zhu Junda , Jaffrey Samie R. , Ji Sheng-Jian
Published: November 2022

The accurate construction of neural circuits requires the precise control of axon growth and guidance, which is regulated by multiple growth and guidance cues during early nervous system development. It is generally thought that the growth and guidance cues that control the major steps of axon development have been defined. Here, we describe cerebellin-1 (Cbln1) as a novel cue that controls diverse aspects of axon growth and guidance throughout the central nervous system (CNS) by experiments using mouse and chick embryos. Cbln1 has previously been shown to function in late neural development to influence synapse organization. Here, we find that Cbln1 has an essential role in early neural development. Cbln1 is expressed on the axons and growth cones of developing commissural neurons and functions in an autocrine manner to promote axon growth. Cbln1 is also expressed in intermediate target tissues and functions as an attractive guidance cue. We find that these functions of Cbln1 are mediated by neurexin-2 (Nrxn2), which functions as the Cbln1 receptor for axon growth and guidance. In addition to the developing spinal cord, we further show that Cbln1 functions in diverse parts of the CNS with major roles in cerebellar parallel fiber growth and retinal ganglion cell axon guidance. Despite the prevailing role of Cbln1 as a synaptic organizer, our study discovers a new and unexpected function for Cbln1 as a general axon growth and guidance cue throughout the nervous system.
Development and validation of a quantitative instrument for measuring temporal and social disorientation in the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Fernandez Velasco Pablo , Gurchani Umer , Perroy Bastien , Pelletreau-Duris Tom , Casati Roberto
Published: November 2022

We developed a quantitative Instrument for measuring Temporal and Social Disorientation (ITSD), aimed at major crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Disorientation has been identified as one of the central elements of the psychological impact of the Covid-19 era on the general public, but so far, the question has only been approached qualitatively. This paper offers an empirical, quantitative approach to the multi-faceted disorientation of the Covid-19 pandemic by operationalising the issue with the help of the ITSD. The ITSD was developed through multiple stages involving a preliminary open-ended questionnaire followed by a coder-based thematic analysis. This paper establishes the reliability and validity of the resulting ITSD using a 3-step validation process on a sample size of 3306.
Translation, reliability, and validity of Amharic versions of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7)
Authors: Melkie Tadesse Belayneh , Gashaw Zelalem Mengistu , Workineh Zelalem Ayichew , Andargie Tamiru Minwuye , Debele Tibeb Zena , Nigatu Solomon Gedlu
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Pelvic Floor Disorders (PFDs) affects many women and have a significant impact on their quality of life. Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) help to assess PFDs; however, both are not culturally translated into the Amharic-language. Hence, we aimed to translate the English versions of short forms of the PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 into Amharic-language and evaluate their psychometric properties in Amharic-speaking Ethiopian women with symptomatic PFDs.

Methods

The PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 were translated into Amharic language using standard procedures. The Amharic versions were completed by 197 patients (response rate 92%) with PFDs from University of Gondar specialized and comprehensive Hospital. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were examined through Cronbach’s alpha and Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). A relative criterion standard, POP-SS-7 score, was correlated with total PFDI-20 and subscale POPDI-6 scores using spearman’s rank order correlation (SCC). Construct validity was evaluated by known group validity using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

Both instruments were successfully translated and adapted with an excellent content validity (> 0.90). The Amharic versions of the PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 showed excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability in both summary and subscales (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.92 for PFDI-20 and 0.91 for PFIQ-7; and ICC: 0.97 for PFDI-20 and 0.86 for PFIQ-7). Criterion validity was good for POPDI-6 (SCC = 0.71; p < 0.001). Moreover, construct validity was acceptable, showing significant differences among groups of PFDs in the PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores (Mann–Whitney U Test; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The Amharic versions of the PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 are comprehensible, reliable, valid, and feasible in Ethiopian Amharic-speaking women with PFDs to evaluate symptoms and its impact during research and clinical practice. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the responsiveness.
Explicit solution of divide-and-conquer dividing by a half recurrences with polynomial independent term
Authors: Coronado Tomás M. , Mir Arnau , Rosselló Francesc
Published: November 2022

Divide-and-conquer dividing by a half recurrences, of the formxn=a·x⌈n/2⌉+a·x⌊n/2⌋+p(n),n⩾2,appear in many areas of applied mathematics, from the analysis of algorithms to the optimization of phylogenetic balance indices. These equations are usually “solved” by means of a Master Theorem that provides a bound for the growing order ofxn, but not the solution’s explicit expression. In this paper we give a finite explicit expression for this solution, in terms of the binary decomposition ofn, when the independent termp(n) is a polynomial in ⌈n/2⌉ and ⌊n/2⌋. As an application, we obtain explicit formulas for several sequences of interest in phylogenetics, combinatorics, and computer science, for which no such formulas were known so far: for instance, for the Total Cophenetic index and the rooted Quartet index of the maximally balanced bifurcating phylogenetic trees withnleaves, and the sum of the bitwise AND operator applied to pairs of complementary numbers up ton.
Providing a detailed estimate of mortality using a simulation-based collision risk model
Authors: Horne Nicholas , Culloch Ross M. , Schmitt Pál , Wilson Ben , Dale Andrew C. , Houghton Jonathan D. R. , Kregting Louise T.
Published: November 2022

Marine renewables could form a significant part of the green energy mix. However, a potential environmental impact of tidal energy converters (TECs) is collision risk between a device and animal, which has been a significant barrier in the consenting process. While it is important to understand the number of collisions of an animal with the device, the relative speed at which an animal collides with the device, and the point on the animal where collision occurs, will determine whether a collision is fatal, which is important in understanding population-level impacts. Using a simulation-based collision risk model, this paper demonstrates a novel method for producing estimates of mortality. Extracting both the speed and the location of collisions between an animal and TEC, in this instance a seal and horizontal axis turbine, collision speed and location of collision are used to produce probabilities of mortality. To provide a hypothetical example we quantified the speed and position at which a collision occurs to estimate mortality and, using collision position, we determine all predicted collisions with the head of the animal as fatal, for example, whilst deeming other collisions non-fatal. This is the first collision risk model to incorporate speed at the point of contact and the location where the collision occurs on the animal, to estimate the probability of mortality resulting from a collision. The hypothetical scenarios outline how these important variables extracted from the model can be used to predict the proportion of fatal events. This model enables a comprehensive approach that ultimately provides advancements in collision risk modelling for use in the consenting process of TECs. Furthermore, these methods can easily be adapted to other renewable energy devices and receptors, such as wind and birds.
A Delphi technique toward the development of a cognitive intervention framework module for breast cancer survivors with cognitive impairment following chemotherapy
Authors: Syed Alwi Syarifah Maisarah , Mazlan Mazlina , Mohd Taib Nur Aishah , Che Din Normah , Narayanan Vairavan
Published: November 2022

Objective

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a well-known phenomenon among breast cancer survivors. Cognitive impairment among breast cancer survivors can significantly affect their quality of life and ability to function independently. However, there is a lack of specific and focused cognitive intervention to improve their cognitive performances. This study aimed to develop a tailored cognitive intervention framework module by adapting the attention and memory interventions from the Cognitive Rehabilitation Manual of the Brain Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group (BI-SIG) of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) and incorporating them with the relevant exercises for cognitive rehabilitation for Malaysian breast cancer survivors with CRCI based on the consensus agreement of the expert panel.

Methods and analysis

The Delphi consensus technique was conducted online to review and evaluate the framework module. A panel of experts, including rehabilitation medicine physicians, occupational therapists, and clinical psychologists in Malaysia, was invited to participate in this study. For each round, the expert consensus was defined as more than 90% of the expert panel agreeing or strongly agreeing with the proposed items.

Results

A total of 33 practitioners completed the three Delphi rounds. 72.7% of the expert panel have been practising in their relevant clinical fields for more than six years (M = 10.67, SD = 5.68). In Round 1, 23% of the experts suggested that the framework module for attention training required further improvements, specifically in the language (M = 1.97, SD = 0.75) and instructions (M = 2.03, SD = 0.71) provided. In Round 2, 15% of the experts recommended additional changes in the instruction (M = 2.15, SD = 0.67) for attention training. Amendments made to the framework module in line with the recommendations provided by the experts resulted in a higher level of consensus, as 94% to 100% of the experts in Round 3 concluded the framework module was suitable and comprehensive for our breast cancer survivors. Following the key results, the objectives were practical, and the proposed approaches, strategies, and techniques for attention and memory training were feasible. The clarity of the instructions, procedures, verbatim transcripts, and timeframe further enhanced the efficacy and utility of the framework module.

Conclusions

This study found out that the cognitive intervention framework module for breast cancer survivors with cognitive impairment following chemotherapy can be successfully developed and feasible to be implemented using Delphi technique.
Impact of liquidity spillovers among industrial sectors on stock markets during crisis periods: Evidence from the S&P 500 index
Authors: Lim Seo-Yeon , Choi Sun-Yong
Published: November 2022

We investigate liquidity spillovers among industry sectors in the S&P 500 index to explain the interconnection dynamics in the US stock market. To do so, we define a sectoral liquidity measure based on the Amihud liquidity measure. Employing the spillover model, we further examine US sectors’ liquidity spillovers during the global financial crisis (GFC) and the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the relationship between liquidity in financial markets and business cycles, our findings show that (i) liquidity connections became stronger during both crises, (ii) in the GFC period, the material sector was the primary transmitter of total liquidity spillovers, whereas in the COVID-19 pandemic period, the consumer discretionary sector was the main conveyor of total liquidity spillovers and the real estate sector was the dominant recipient of total liquidity spillovers, and (iii) net liquidity spillovers between all sectors fluctuated notably during the GFC, while the industrial, consumer staples, and healthcare sectors had the largest net liquidity spillovers during the COVID-19 crisis. These findings have important implications for portfolio managers and policymakers.
Covid-19 vaccines in Italian public opinion: Identifying key issues using Twitter and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Stracqualursi Luisa , Agati Patrizia
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed society and people’s lives. The vaccination campaign started December 27th 2020 in Italy, together with most countries in the European Union. Social media platforms can offer relevant information about how citizens have experienced and perceived the availability of vaccines and the start of the vaccination campaign. This study aims to use machine learning methods to extract sentiments and topics relating to COVID-19 vaccination from Twitter. Between February and May 2021, we collected over 71,000 tweets containing vaccines-related keywords from Italian Twitter users. To get the dominant sentiment throughout the Italian population, spatial and temporal sentiment analysis was performed using VADER, highlighting sentiment fluctuations strongly influenced by news of vaccines’ side effects. Additionally, we investigated the opinions of Italians with respect to different vaccine brands. As a result, ‘Oxford-AstraZeneca’ vaccine was the least appreciated among people. The application of the Dynamic Latent Dirichlet Allocation (DLDA) model revealed three fundamental topics, which remained stable over time: vaccination plan info, usefulness of vaccinating and concerns about vaccines (risks, side effects and safety). To the best of our current knowledge, this one the first study on Twitter to identify opinions about COVID-19 vaccination in Italy and their progression over the first months of the vaccination campaign. Our results can help policymakers and research communities track public attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines and help them make decisions to promote the vaccination campaign.
Addressing obstetricians’ awareness of compassion, communication, and self-care when caring for families experiencing stillbirth: Evaluation of a novel educational workshop using applied drama techniques
Authors: McNamara Karen , Smith Aisling , Shine Brid , Cregan Mairie , Prihodova Lucia , O’Shaughnessy Ann , Martin Aisling , Macdonald Jenny , Kingston Phil , Fitzpatrick Chris , Hennessy Marita , O’Donoghue Keelin
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Obstetricians describe feeling shocked and isolated following stillbirth. Few receive adequate training in how to care for bereaved parents or themselves. We developed a novel workshop for trainee obstetricians using applied drama techniques–in collaboration with the National Theatre of Ireland, the national training body for obstetricians and gynaecologists, and patient support groups–to teach obstetricians skills in communication and self-care around the time of stillbirth.

Materials and methods

Five workshops, delivered January-May 2018, are the focus of this evaluation. Senior trainees in Obstetrics attended and completed a post-workshop evaluation questionnaire. Five-point Likert scales were used to assess participants’ communication and support skills pre- and post- the workshop, and their views on pre-specified attributes needed when caring for families experiencing stillbirth and aspects of the workshop. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis, respectively.

Results

39/59 (66%) workshop participants completed the questionnaires. Most had received no prior training in caring for families experiencing antenatal (31/39, 80%) or intrapartum (34/39, 87%) stillbirth. Following the workshop there was a significant improvement in trainee’s level of confidence in breaking bad news, communicating clearly with the family when breaking bad news, recognising the emotional needs of the family, recognising their own emotional responses, and supporting their colleagues. Trainees were positive about the workshop content and delivery; 90% stated they would recommend it to a colleague.

Discussion

Adequate, appropriate, and stimulating education and training in stillbirth care and self-care is clearly needed to improve patient care. Our findings demonstrate that this novel educational workshop using applied drama techniques–developed in collaboration with diverse stakeholders and underpinned by the views of parents and obstetricians who had experience of stillbirth–is an acceptable and appropriate way of training obstetricians in how to care for bereaved parents and/or to engage in self-care.
Pulmonary sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection and factors associated with persistent abnormal lung function at six months after infection: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Yazji Bashour , Voduc Nha , Mulpuru Sunita , Cowan Juthaporn
Published: November 2022

Background

Information on the long-term pulmonary sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited.

Methods

Prospective cohort study of hospitalized and non-hospitalized adult patients age >18 with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR three months prior to enrolment between June and December 2020. Participants underwent full pulmonary function test (PFT), cardiopulmonary exercise testing at 3 months and 6 months. Primary outcome was mean differences of forced vital capacity (FVC), diffuse capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and oxygen consumption (VO2) at 6 vs. 3 months. Secondary outcomes were respiratory outcomes classified into 5 clinical groups–no lung disease, resolved lung disease, persistent lung disease, PFT abnormalities attributable to pre-existing lung disease or other factors, and mild PFT abnormalities of uncertain clinical significance.

Results

Fifty-one, 30 hospitalized and 21 non-hospitalized, participants were included. Median age was 51 years; 20 (39.2%) were female. Mean (±SD) percent predicted values of FVC, DLCO and VO2 at 3 vs 6-month-visits were 96.2 ± 15.6 vs. 97.6 ± 15.5, 73.74 ±18 vs. 78.5 ± 15.5, and 75.5 ± 18.9 vs. 76.1 ± 21.5, respectively. Nineteen (37%) patients had physiologic and/or radiographic evidence of lung disease at 3 months with eight (15.7%) continuing to have persistent disease at 6 months. History of diabetes, hypertension, ICU admission and elevated D-Dimer levels were associated with persistent lung disease at 6 months.

Interpretation

Persistent lung disease at 6 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection exists. Changes of lung function between 3- and 6-months are not significant. A longer follow-up is required to determine long-term prognosis.
Defect-selective-etched porous GaN as a buffer layer for high efficiency InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes
Authors: Park Ah Hyun , Baek Seungjae , Kim Young Won , Chandramohan S. , Suh Eun-Kyung , Seo Tae Hoon
Published: November 2022

Substrate-induced biaxial compressive stress and threading dislocations (TDs) have been recognized to severely impair the performance, stability, and reliability of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for quite some time. In this study, a defect-selective-etched (DSE) porous GaN layer is fabricated employing electro-chemical etching and applied as a buffer layer for the development of InGaN/GaN LEDs with high quantum efficiency. Based on the analysis of photoluminescence and micro-Raman spectra, it has been revealed that the overgrown GaN epilayer on the DSE porous GaN has a relatively low TDs and relaxation of compressive stress in comparison to the conventional GaN epilayer. The remarkable improvement in the internal quantum efficiency of the InGaN/GaN LEDs is directly attributable to the strong radiative recombination in InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-wells caused by stress relaxation and TDs annihilation. Our findings indicate that the use of DSE porous GaN as a buffer layer may be a viable approach for producing crystalline GaN epilayers and high-performance LEDs.
Evaluating the technical efficiency of neonatal health service among primary hospitals of northwest Ethiopia: Using two-stage data envelopment analysis and Tobit regression model
Authors: Lamesgen Anteneh , Miniyihun Amare , Amare Tsegaw
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Most cases of neonatal mortality are preventable but a substantial number of cases get complicated and become irreversible not only due to scarcity but also due to inefficient utilization of available resources in the health service. However, limited evidence shows the efficiency level of health facilities in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the technical efficiency of neonatal health service and its associated factors among primary hospitals in three zones of Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among fifteen randomly selected primary hospitals from March 17 to April 17, 2021. Input data on non-salary recurrent costs, salary costs, and the number of beds, and output data on neonatal admissions, outpatient visits, and referrals for the 2019/20 fiscal year were collected using a document review. In the first stage of analysis, input-oriented data envelopment analysis with a variable return-to-scale assumption was employed to estimate the efficiency scores using DEAP 2.1. A Tobit regression model was fitted in the second stage to identify the associated factors with technical efficiency. Variables with a p-value <0.05 were declared as statistically associated factors.

Results

In this study, 80% of the primary hospitals were pure technical efficient whereas 46.67% of the facilities were scale efficient with all of the scale inefficient hospitals operating below their scale. The mean pure technical and scale efficiency score of primary hospitals was 0.948±0.113 and 0.887±0.143, respectively. Total catchment population, incentive packages for the clinical staff, and the educational status of the manager were positively associated with the technical efficiency of hospitals. On the other hand, technical efficiency was negatively associated with the presence of a health facility that provides neonatal health services near the hospital and the distance of the manager’s residence.

Conclusion

Though most of the primary hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia were technical efficient, more than half of them were working below their scale of operation. Our results also indicated that introducing the performance-based provision of incentive packages for clinical staff and employing master’s and above-educated health professionals as a manager might improve the efficient utilization of resources in primary hospitals.
Dissecting the mechanisms of pathogenesis in cerebral malaria
Authors: Ramachandran Arathy , Sharma Amit
Published: November 2022

Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the leading causes of death due to malaria. It is characterised by coma, presence of asexual parasites in blood smear, and absence of any other reason that can cause encephalopathy. The fatality rate for CM is high, and those who survive CM often experience long-term sequelae, including cognitive and motor dysfunctions. It is unclear how parasites sequestered in the lumen of endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and localised breakdown of BBB can manifest gross physiological changes across the brain. The pathological changes associated with CM are mainly due to the dysregulation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways. Other factors like host and parasite genetics, transmission intensity, and the host’s immune status are likely to play a role in the development and progression of CM. This work focuses on the pathological mechanisms underlying CM. Insights from humans, mice, and in vitro studies have been summarised to present a cohesive understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in CM pathology.
Claraboia
Authors: Christal Wendel Cássio
Published: November 2022

O romance Claraboia, escrito na década de 50 mas publicado apenas em 2011, destaca-se por revelar componentes importantes da prosa literária de José Saramago, pois temas, personagens e estilo já despontam neste romance e possuem uma função medular no projeto estético-literário do escritor. Neste sentido, à luz do ensaio, outro elemento já preponderante nas páginas de Claraboia, objetiva-se analisar de que modo este romance contribui para a construção da galeria de personagens pertencentes a prosa romanesca de Saramago.
Saramago, entre utopia e distopia (meta-física)
Authors: Villanueva Darío
Published: November 2022

No caso de autores proeminentes de distopias como Zamyatin e Orwell, havia uma contradição entre suas respetivas posições e ações políticas, muito próximas ao marxismo, e suas descrições de duas sociedades submetidas a uma alienação ditatorial inspirada em regimes totalitários de signos opostos (comunismo e fascismo), mas contemporâneos. José Saramago nunca deixou de afirmar a sua filiação marxista, embora sempre se opusesse a qualquer tipo de “literatura partidária”. Afirmou também com razão que ao definir-se como ateu se sentiu na obrigação de esclarecer que tinha “mentalidade cristã, não posso ter outra mentalidade senão essa”. Ambas as referências carregam implicitamente, como crenças ou ideologias, um impulso utópico e não distópico, o que explica a singularidade de vários de seus romances como pertencentes ao ciclo ou tendência contemporâneos cultivados pelos romancistas russos e ingleses já mencionados, secundados, entre outros, por Aldous Huxley e Wladimir Nabokov. A distopia, para Saramago, era toda a negação do fundamento mais alto do humanismo libertador que sempre orientou sua visão de mundo. Humanismo presente por excelência num personagem fundamental, a heroína de Ensaio sobre a cegueira que reaparecerá como vítima expiatória em Ensaio sobre a lucidez.
Maria Sara como personagem de relevância
Authors: De Lima Girola Maristela Kirst
Published: November 2022

Este ensaio tem como objetivo analisar a personagem Maria Sara, de História do cerco de Lisboa (1989) de José Saramago, buscando demonstrar como o escritor concretiza uma nova forma de representar a mulher na literatura portuguesa, rompendo com antigas formas de construir literariamente as personagens femininas, que estavam ligadas à ideologia da domesticidade. Procura-se mostrar a construção dessa nova figuração a partir da análise das categorias de personagem e espaço ficcional como inter-relacionadas. Dá-se ênfase à relação de amor construída na narrativa romanesca entre a personagem feminina, Maria Sara, e a personagem masculina, Raimundo Silva, percebendo-a como elemento de subversão do marialvismo português, como descrito por José Cardoso Pires, em Cartilha do marialva ou das negações libertinas (1967). Identifica-se, assim, nas personagens femininas de José Saramago, o potencial de humanidade e complexidade que as caracteriza.
Performance of spin-offs and Brazilian startups: A study on technological evolution based on entrepreneurship and networks
Authors: Lima Brenno Buarque de , Câmara Samuel Façanha , Fischer Bruno Brandão , Magalhães Rafaela Cajado
Published: November 2022

Objective: to understand the relationships in advance of technological maturity and organizational performance in academic spin-offs and Brazilian startups. Method: quantitative research, with the application of 62 questionnaires, 17 of which were used as a pre-test. Originality/Relevance: this paper develops an approach oriented towards knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship in the context of a developing country, using data obtained from academic spin-offs and startups, based on an original model that relates the studied constructs. Results: empirical results made it possible to highlight the importance of Entrepreneurial Orientation as an antecedent of both Knowledge Conversion Capacity and Network Capacity. Theoretical/methodological contributions: aspects related to Entrepreneurial Orientation, Knowledge Conversion Capacity, Network Capacity and Technological Maturity were articulated in a conceptual model with a view to ultimately identifying the determinant mechanisms of Organizational Performance. Social/Management Contributions: the findings underscore the role of the ecosystem as a critical meta-structure for entrepreneurial development. This is because the components of the Entrepreneurial Orientation at the firm level are intrinsically connected with the diffusion of a culture of entrepreneurship in the agents. Additionally, both the Knowledge Conversion Capacity and the Network Capacity encompass the dynamics of interactions and knowledge flows between the firm and agents with complementary capacities. Thus, the results of this research underscore the need to develop a systemic orientation for understanding new knowledge-intensive enterprises.
Is growing easy? That is what you think! – The Jully Beauty and Makeup
Authors: Santos Ítalo Anderson Taumaturgo dos , Brandão Halana Adelino
Published: November 2022

Objective: The case reports the difficulties found by entrepreneurs Isabela and Daniel in the implementation and growth of Jully Beleza e Makeup. The company's history, which emerged from a business plan prepared by Isabela, portrays the traditional barriers faced by entrepreneurs in business growth, such as lack of access to credit and low credibility on the part of suppliers. Although the company has enjoyed a good period of leadership in the market and high revenues, entrepreneurs are faced with new and peculiar challenges that affect the growth of the organization. The discussion of the present case seeks to promote reflections on the difficulties encountered by entrepreneurs in the process of growing a business. The data for the construction of the work were collected from an unstructured interview, carried out with the founders of the company in question. The application of the case is indicated in subjects related to the development of competence and skills for entrepreneurial training, such as entrepreneurship, strategy and business games.
Adó- és zsákmánylisták az Újasszír Birodalom első felének
királyfelirataiban
Authors: Árvai Tamás Kristóf
Published: November 2022

Since the reign of Aššur-dan III (935–912 BC) the Assyrian Empire
was the most aggressive military state in the Near East. During these wars
enormous tribute and sack was flowing into the centrum of the Empire. One
factor in ensuring the stability of this asymmetric system was the
well-established administration. Therefore, it would be justly expected,
that the tributes and sacks were precisely listed and archived (as we see
on relief representations), but unfortunately this is not the case. As far
as we know, there are no such documentations available. On the other hand,
the long tribute and sack lists of the Assyrian royal inscriptions (which
are well known) do not fulfil the function of administration. They are
embedded in ideological structured texts: thus, following deterministic
rules and fulfilling ideological functions. Therefore, these lists inform
us more about the worldview of the Assyrians, than about the quantities and
qualities of the tributes and sacks. The quality is determined through the
structure of the list, the quantity through the prestige of the conquered
state