bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF AYURVEDA THERAPEUTICS IN PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC AND POST COVID RECOVERY PHASE: AN EVIDENCE BASED REVIEW
Authors: Rai Dr Archana
Published: October 2021

Corona virus disease 19 (COVID 19) is a dreaded disease caused by Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome corona virus 2(SARS CO V2). This wide spread pandemic had
taken whole world into custody, alone in India as per data available on myGov (Govt
of India website) more than 3 cr. people affected and 4 lac surplus fatalities reported
till 17 September 2021. Post COVID complications are also severe and hospitalisation
is needed in some cases. Despite all the prophylactic and therapeutic measures been
taken to contain the disorder, strategies to cure it thoroughly without other
complications, is still a challenge. Though vaccination drive against COVID 19 is
running successfully in India, medicines to minimise the impact and sufferings because
of COVID is indispensable. Approaching holistically based on Dosha sidhanta
Ayurveda therapeutics had shown favourable results in COVID positive patients.
Ayurveda believes that disease manifestation is the result of imbalanced doshas, if we
become competent to manage and pacify those doshas, disease can be cured.
Vyadhipratyanik chikitsha (disease and symptoms targeting therapy) and
Hetupratyanik chikitsha (cause and dosha targeting therapy) are the modules that are
approached in Ayurveda system. Reviewing the previous work done in this field and
observing COVID19 on Ayurveda parameters, Ayurveda medicines and therapeutics
have been anticipated here to heal the scar impacted by precarious COVID 19. Much
more researches and clinical interventions are required to establish kind of effective
therapy.
Das Zustandsreflexiv im Vergleich zum Zustandspassiv nach mantischen und syntaktischen Kriterien eine theoretische und konfrontative Studie
Authors: Mahmod Dr Uday Hattim
Published: October 2021

The present study deals with two vital linguistic phenomena, namely the state reflexive
and the state passive in contemporary German. These linguistic phenomena are treated not
only according to semantic, but also according to syntactic criteria.
The state reflexive and the state passive play an important role in today's linguistic usage, so
that they should be given special attention and interest as linguistic phenomena.
The use of the state reflexive and the state passive gives the speaker or writer a means of
avoiding superfluous language elements in the sentence.
The present work tries to show the difference between the reflexive state and the passive
state, since the Iraqi students as well as the German-learning Arabs have great difficulties in
using these two grammatical phenomena.
Planning Oil Revenues and Their Role in Economic Growth in Iraq
Authors: Jawad Dr. Saja Fadhil , Saloum Dr.Taameem M.
Published: October 2021

Planning is an important means that contributes to achieving economic growth by raising the
contribution of the non-oil productive sectors to the gross domestic product, as planning has
become an urgent necessity, especially for oil economies that suffer from a weak production
base due to the heavy dependence on oil, which is a depleted resource and is characterized by
many fluctuations in Its prices in the world oil markets. Given that Iraq is one of the
economies that the oil sector dominated its gross domestic product and affected its economic
performance, despite its possession of many natural capabilities, human resources and
various economic components. Therefore, an effective planning policy must be adopted to
use this product and diversify the production base in order to achieve economic growth and
stand up to external shocks.
The Role of Green Quality Management and Product Life Cycle Costing in Achieving Competitive Advantage
Authors: Ridha Durgham Ahmed Abdul , Soror Prof Dr Manal Jabbar
Published: October 2021

The principal objective of this study is to demonstrate how green quality management and
product life cycle costing may help an organization gain a competitive advantage. Green
quality management's influence on increasing product quality and meeting environmental
criteria, as well as tracking the activities of product life cycle before, during, and after
production, is demonstrated. Orienting these activities toward the production of eco-friendly
products that fulfill the needs of customers, hence increasing organization's market share. We
found from our study that proposed framework can help organizations improve their
competitiveness. Green quality management contributes to environmental protection and the
provision of high-quality products that fulfill needs and desires of green customer, enhancing
product differentiation. Product life cycle costing is to determine costs of environmental
activities and seek to minimize those costs, which translates to lower product costs, allowing
organization to adopt a cost leadership strategy and gain a competitive advantage.
All in with Google Slides: Virtual engagement and formative assessment in introductory sign language linguistics
Authors: Geer Leah C.
Published: October 2021

My goals as an instructor are to be transparent and approachable and to cultivate a community of learners. The transition to virtual instruction in Sign Language Structure and Usage presented significant challenges. I wondered how students could engage effectively with me, with each other, and with course content; how students could identify what they understood and on what they needed further instruction. To address these questions, I went all in with Google Slides to build engaging, searchable, self-paced slide presentations with built-in formative assessments. COVID-19 inspired this shift in slide creation, but I envision using these slides going forward because they are more equitable and more inclusive. If studentsare not able to come to class for any reason, they can review videos and complete selfassessments, just as they would in class. Anecdotal remarks suggest this approach appeals to a wider range of students and learning styles, but further study should explicitly examine student perceptions of this slide format. Other faculty in my college have recently expressed interest in adopting this style of presentation in their owncourses.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY AND INSTRUMENTAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: Pokidko M. I. , Formanchuk T. V. , Sychevska A. G. , Tkachenko O. B.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The purpose of the study: to analyze the causes of development, terms of hospitalization, the frequency of severe type, complications and overall mortality in acute pancreatitis according to the clinic data.

Materials and methods: the results of treatment of 622 patients with acute pancreatitis were analyzed. Among them there were 336 women (54.1 %) and 286 men (45.9 %). The mean age of patients was (48.2 ± 2.2) years. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made according to the recommendations (Atlanta, 2012). All patients with acute pancreatitis underwent ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and computed tomography, enhanced by intravenous contrast.

Results and discussion: Etiological factors of acute pancreatitis were: biliary factor in 270 (43.4 %) patients, alcohol — in 155 (24.9 %), acute pancreatitis on the background of triglyceridemia — in 135 patients (21.7 %), 21 (3.4 %) patients had postoperative pancreatitis, medication — in 8 (1.3 %) patients and without a clear etiology — in 33 (5.3 %) patients. The terms of hospitalization of patients are as follows: after 24–48 hours from the onset of the disease — 215 (34.6 %) cases, after 6–24 hours after the onset of the disease — 204 (32.8 %) cases, after 48 hours and later from the time of the disease — 129 (20.7 %) cases and 74 (11.9 %) cases of hospitalization up to 6 hours from the onset of the disease. Severe acute pancreatitis developed in 147 (23.6 %) patients and was accompanied by the development of organ failure lasting > 48 hours. 594 (95.4 %) patients with acute pancreatitis received only conservative infusion therapy. 28 (4.5 %) patients required surgical treatment. The overall mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis was 9 (1.4 %) cases.

Conclusions: Hyperdiagnosis of acute pancreatitis is a common problem in modern surgery. Formulation of the diagnosis according to the unified diagnostic criteria considerably facilitated diagnosis. The dominant factors of acute pancreatitis are biliary (43.4 %) and alcoholic factors (24.9 %). Most often (34.6 %) patients were admitted to the department on the second day after the onset of the disease. Remains high level of severe acute pancreatitis, which amounted to 23.6 % of cases. 594 (95.4 %) patients with acute pancreatitis received infusion therapy. 28 (4.5 %) patients underwent surgical treatment. The total mortality in acute pancreatitis according to our clinic was 9 (1.4 %) cases, the majority of them (7 patients) died in the early period of acute pancreatitis.
DISTAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CRITICAL LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: Rusin V. I. , Boldizhar P. A. , Rusin V. V. , Gorlenko F. V. , Lopit M. M.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim of the study. To study the effectiveness of the proposed surgical methods in the treatment of critical ischemia of the lower extremities.

Materials and methods. In our work the analysis of results of treatment of 36 patients with chronic critical ischemia of the lower extremities who were on treatment in ZOKL of them is presented. Andriy Novak. Grade III A ischemia was diagnosed in 11 patients, grade III B — in 15, grade IV — in 10 patients and studied the microcirculation of the lower extremities in 31 people without pathology of the cardiovascular system, taking into account the angiosomal approach.

We found that the highest rates of perfusion units on the thigh were found in the basin of the sciatic and posterior arteries, the lowest — in the basin of the deep femoral artery and popliteal artery.

On the shin, the highest rates of microcirculation were found in the basin of the posterior tibial artery, the lowest - on the foot.

Results and discussion. The level of regional perfusion of the corresponding angiosomes of the skin of the lower extremities after anastomosis between the anterior tibial artery and anterior tibial vein showed that the improvement of microcirculation is observed in those angiosomes whose blood supply is provided by the anterior tibial artery and its artery and artery.

When creating anastomoses between the posterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial vein, the microcirculation in the skin increased 3-5 times compared to baseline and its level was 70 % of normal in those angiosomes, which supply blood to the posterior tibial artery and its continuation on the foot. At the same time, there is an increase in skin microcirculation in the angiosome of the tibial artery, which is apparently due to the presence of a relatively large number of first-type anastomoses in the triceps.

In our opinion, any of the proposed treatments should begin before the development of critical ischemia.

Conclusions. The dependence of skin perfusion on the main arterial blood flow is proved taking into account the angiosomal theory, which allows to use this method in the diagnosis and evaluation of the results of treatment of chronic critical ischemia of the lower extremities.

Microcirculation of the skin of the lower leg and foot improves 3.5–5 times 30 days after the creation of arteriovenous fistula below the occlusion of the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery in chronic critical ischemia of the lower extremities.
FEATURES OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE II DEGREE OF SEVERETY BACTERIAL KERATITES IN DIABETIC PATIENTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF DIABETIC POLYNEYROPATHY
Authors: Zavoloka O. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The neuro-trophic condition of the cornea affects the healing process of corneal defects in patients with keratitis, causing the severity, duration and consequences of the disease.

The aim was to identify the features of the dynamics of the II degree of severity bacterial keratitis in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) at different stages of the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN).

Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 19 patients with bacterial keratitis of the II degree of severity and type 1 DM were analyzed. II degree of severity of bacterial keratitis was determined according to our proposed scheme at a sum of points 15-21. All patients were treated with instillations of the antibiotic ofloxacin, antiseptics, antioxidants, reparants, artificial tears, mydriatics, systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of DPN: with symptomatic (first group) and stage with impaired DPN (second group). In addition to standard, ophthalmic examination methods included bacteriological examination, fluorescein test, OCT of the anterior segment of the eye, non-contact corneal esthesiometry.

Results and discussion. In most patients of the second group, corneal sensitivity and depth of edema of the corneal tissues surrounding the ulcer, the size of the ulcer defect and the depth of corneal infiltration, the degree of pericorneal injection, the depth of the corneal ulcer defect from the 1st, 7th, 10th and 14th days of observation, respectively, were higher than in patients of the first group (p<0,05). The consequence of the disease in patients of the second group was more severe than in patients of the first group.

Conclusions. In patients with the stage of impaired DPN, bacterial keratitis is characterized by a longer duration and severity of clinical symptoms, as well as worse consequences of the disease than in patients with symptomatic DPN.
NEW PROSPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS IN EMERGENCY ABDOMINAL SURGERY
Authors: Shurma A. I. , Grinchuk F. V. , Motric A. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Aim. Search for new methods for diagnosing acute surgical pathology of the abdominal cavity (ASPAC).

Materials and methods. 39 patients: liver abscess — 4, acute appendicitis, periapendicular abscess — 3, acute appendicitis, perito-nitis — 5, acute phlegmonous appendicitis — 7, acute phlegmonous cholecystitis — 4, colon perforation, peritonitis — 3 , acute uncomplicated adhesive intestinal obstruction — 4, uncomplicated peptic ulcer — 4. Measured the optical density of venous blood plasma on a spectrophotometer SF-4A. The control was given to 8 patients (adhesive intestinal obstruction, uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease).

Results and discussion. A number of maxima of the values of the optical density of the plasma at wavelengths λ = 3.1, 3.5, 4.3, 6.1, 6.7, 9, 17.5 micrometers were revealed. Indicators differed depending on the type of underlying disease and complications. For analysis and comparison, patients were divided into groups: abscesses, peritonitis, destructive pathology without peritonitis (appendicitis, cholecystitis) and control. At wavelengths λ = 3.1, 6.1, 6.7, 9, 17.5 micrometers, the optical density in patients with no destructive pathology is significantly lower than in patients with such pathology. In addition, the indicators differ in the presence of peritonitis, abscesses and uncomplicated destructive pathology.

Conclusions. In the presence of acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity in patients, the specific maxima of the optical density of venous blood plasma in the infrared region at wavelengths λ = 3.1, 3.5, 4.3, 6.1, 6.7, 9, 17 , 5 micrometers. Changes in the parameters of optical density differ, depending on the characteristics of the underlying disease and complications and have common patterns in the perforation of hollow organs, abscesses, peritonitis, destructive uncomplicated diseases. Determination of optical density is a promising area for improving the diagnosis of ASPAC.
MAIN FACTORS OF DECOMPENSATION SYSTEM I NFLAMMATORY REACTION SYNDROME THE PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL SEPSIS
Authors: Shapovaliuk V. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The goal of the robot is to determine the factors of decompensation of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in abdominal sepsis (AS). Materials and methods. Based on the results of a comprehensive examination of 295 patients with AS according to the indicators of clinical and laboratory, biochemical, immunological examination and study of intra-abdominal pressure and the severity of enteral insufficiency, the leading factors in the development of DSIRS were determined.

Results and discussion. It was found that against the background of secondary cellular immunodeficiency, the development of severe compartment syndrome with decompensated enteric insufficiency syndrome (EIS) was determined, which in combination deepened pathological changes with the progression of the inflammatory reaction and the development of organ failure. Indicators of the level of C-reactive protein 2.5 times, and procalcitonin 2.4 times were higher during hospitalization of patients with decompensated syndrome (P<0.001). With decompensation, a severe degree of SES was diagnosed 18.5 times more often, and with a compensated one, a mild degree of insufficiency was diagnosed 57 times more often, P <0.001. At the same time, a direct correlation was determined between the severe degree of EIS and symptoms of nausea (r = 0.420), vomiting (r = 0.573) and bloating (r = 0.251), (P <0.005). The immunoregulatory index (IRI) played the role of a marker of decompensation in patients with AS, (r = + 0.74, at p <0.01) with the development of secondary immunodeficiency, according to the T-suppressor type. In 60.8 % (n = 101) of cases with DSIRS, the fourth degree of intra-abdominal pressure was determined, on average it was (46.3 ± 6.3) mm, and I degree was determined only in the case of compensation, (P <0.001). More often in patients with DSIRS, the associations of gram-positive microorganisms and enterococci were determined — in 55.6 % and streptococci — in 38.1 % of cases. At the same time, in 81.3 % of cases, patients with DSIRS were diagnosed with aerobic-anaerobic mixed flora.

Сonclusion. The obtained results of the study require the development of treatment methods that will effectively correct these pathogenetic changes in all directions in patients with AS.
THE I NFLUENCE OF INTRАDIАLYTIC HYPOTENSION ON THE FUNCTIONING OF АRTERIOVENOUSFISTULА
Authors: Nykonenko A. O. , Vildanov S. R.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Nowadays hemodialysis is the most widespread way of treatment concerning the end-stage renal disease. The variant of choice as for permanent vascular access for hemodialysis is arteriovenous fistula. An actual problem is the deterioration of the patency of arteriovenous fistula. According to the research, most patients do not know about the risks associated with intradialytic hypotension. Under these conditions, research with determining the level of critical intradialytic hypotension is particularly relevant.

Purpose of the work is to study and evaluate intradialytic hypotension as a risk factor for thrombosis of arteriovenous fistulas.

Materials and methods. 60 patients were examined with end-stage renal disease, receiving of hemodialysis. Among these patients a thrombosis of arteriovenous fistula appeared in the long term (7.5 (3.0–17.6) months) after the surgery. The average age of patients was (54.1 ± 11.8) years; there were 30 (50%) men, 30 (50%) women.

Results. According to the results of our study, 38 (63 %) patients had hypotension at the end of the hemodialysis session.

Conclusions. Blood hypotension is one of the main predictors of thrombosis of arteriovenous fistula in the late postoperative period. A decrease in systolic blood pressure on 35.0 (25.0–50.0) mm Hg to 100.0 (90.0–110.0) mm Hg is critical for the patency of arteriovenous fistula. Adequate control and correction of blood pressure (in particular, during a hemodialysis session) can prevent thrombosis of arteriovenous fistula.
PROLONGED IMMUNE-INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19- ASSOCIATED SURGICAL PATHOLOGY IN THE POSTCOVID PERIOD
Authors: Klimova E. M. , Kalashnikova Yu. V. , Drozdova L. A. , Merezhko O. S. , Lavinskaya E. V. , Sydorjak A. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Introduction. The combination of pathogenetic factors of the main surgical pathology, multiple organ dysfunction, acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine storm against the background of SARS-Cov-2 infection justifies the relevance of this study.

Materials and methods. We examined 13 patients with acute COVID-19 and 29 patients with SARS-Cov-2-associated urgent surgical pathology. Investigated the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) by latex agglutination, C3 and C4 components of the complement by immunoturbidimetry, the content of interleukins IL-6 and IL-18 by ELISA, determination of autoantibodies by luminescence microscopy.

Results. In patients with SARS-Cov-2-associated urgent surgical pathology, certain patterns of changes in the markers under study were revealed: in all examined groups of patients, an increased concentration of C-reactive protein was observed, which indicated a systemic inflammatory response both in the acute and in the postcovid period. In the postcovid period of viral infection, the most significant are the high frequency of the maximum increase in the concentration of CRP, C3- and C4-complement components, and a significant or moderate increase in the content of interleukins IL-6 and IL-18, more pronounced than in the acute period of infection. The maximum increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines was found in patients with abdominal surgical pathology against the background of COVID-19 (postcoid period), while in the acute period of COVID-19, an increase in the concentration of IL-6 had no diagnostic value. A cytokine storm was detected in 20.5% of the examined patients with COVID-19-associated urgent surgical pathology.

Conclusions. For COVID-19-associated surgical pathology, the formation of autoimmune conditions is characteristic, which is expressed in the presence of a wide range of autoantibodies to nuclear structures. Thus, for the prevention and complex treatment of COVID-19-associated urgent surgical pathology, it is advisable to use personified step-by-step immunotropic therapy.
MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOCORRECTIVE ACTION OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY AND EXOSOMES OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC WOUNDS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES OF DIFFERENT GENESIS
Authors: Klimova O. M. , Ivanova Yu. V. , Bychenko K. A. , Merezhko O. S. , Prasol V. O. , Lobintseva G. S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Introduction. The treaonic wounds of the lower extremities today requires long-term use of antibiotic therapy, which aggravates the course of the wound process. In this regard, the search for new methods of treatment is underway. Low-intensity light exposure of various wavelengths of photodynamic therapy with photosensitizer photosensitizer Dimegin was used as a physical method, and multipotent mesenchymal-stromal cells and their exometabolites in exosomes form were used as a biological method.

The aim was to study the change of barrier function of oxygen-independent and oxygen-dependent phagocytosis and serum levels of vascular growth factor (VEGF) in patients with chronic wounds of the lower extremities before and after the application of complex light exposure and exosomes.

Materials and methods. Phagocytosis activity of neutrophils was investigated by assessing chemotaxis, adhesion and endocytosis and by determining reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oxygen-dependent phagocytosis using light and confocal microscopy. VEGF concentration was determined by ELISA.

Results: after photodynamic therapy using with red light (λ=660nm), activation of oxygen-independent and oxygen-dependent phagocytosis was observed, as well as an increase in the synthesis of vascular growth factor in patients with chronic wounds of the lower extremities. After the application of green light (λ=530nm) and the application of exosomes, the normalization of immune processes was observed, which led to the acceleration of regenerative processes in the wound.

Conclusions. Thus, after carrying out complex low-intensity light therapy and exosomes, it was possible to completely clear the wounds from necrosis in a short time.
CLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF OPEN AND ENDOSCOPIC INTERVENTIONS WITH OBSTACLES OF THE TERMINAL DEPARTMENT OF CHOLEDOCH IN PATIENTS WITH GALLSTONE DISEASE OF ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE
Authors: Riazanov D. , Mikheiev Yu. , Shpylenko O.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Purpose. To optimize the tactics of endoscopic interventions for cholelithiasis complicated by obstruction of the terminal portion of the common bile duct to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality in elderly and senile people.

Materials and methods. The results of examination and treatment of 221 elderly and senile patients with cholelithiasis complicated by obstruction of the terminal section of the common bile duct were analyzed.

Results. Using of existing methods and proposed new methods of endoscopic management of cholelithiasis complicated by obstruction of the terminal section of the common bile duct allow to reliably reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in elderly and senile patients from 19.8 to 9.5%, postoperative mortality from 10.3 to 2.9%

Conclusions. In elderly and senile patients with obstruction of the terminal section of the common bile duct and common bile duct stones who bear high operational risk, endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with stone removal is a sufficient method of treatment. In case of unremovable common bile duct stones, endoscopic papillosphincterotomy and stenting allow to avoid revision of the common bile duct, and in high-risk patients those methods allow to refrain from open surgery.
Collecting linked patient reported and technology reported outcome measures for informing clinical decision making: a scoping review
Authors:   University of Exeter, Evans Jon , Porter Ian , Cockcroft Emma , Kassam Al-Amin , Valderas Jose
Published: October 2021

Review question / Objective: We aim to map out the existing research where concomitant use of patient reported and technology reported outcome measures is used for patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Condition being studied: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) covering injuries or disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, and spinal discs. Musculoskeletal manifestations of joint pathology. Eligibility criteria: 1) Peer-reviewed primary studies and literature reviews. Grey literature not included. 2) Studies which include co-administration of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROMs) AND wearable electronic devices (e.g. fitness trackers, accelerometers, gyroscopes, pedometers smartphones, smartwatches) in musculoskeletal manifestations of joint pathology. Studies are EXCLUDED which feature wearable electronic devices but not concomitant/real time capturing of PROMs (e.g. they are recorded retrospectively/ at different timepoints). 3) Studies in languages other than English will be excluded unless a translation is available.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЕ ЗЕМЛЕУСТРОЙСТВА - ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: Мурсалимова Э. , Тулеева Д.
Published: October 2021

В статье рассмотрены вопросы о необходимости управления земельными ресурс-ами в складывающихся социально-экономических условиях, которые требует широкого применения принципов формирования и организации исследований и проектного дела, а также создания единого информационного поля в землеустроительной отрасли. Сделан анализ по развитию современного землеустройства в Республике Казахстан, кото-рый определяется методами и средствами исследований, совершенствующихся в настоящее время, особенно в связи с использованием системного подхода, развитием математической картографии, вычислительной техники и компьютерных технологий. Приведена система прогрессивной сферы исследований в системе землеустройства по применению цифровых технологий, как основы для интеграции различных дисциплин из разных областей знаний для комплексных системных исследований. Также в статье проведен анализ основных сдерживающих факторов развития про-граммы цифровизации коммуникативной политики страны в сфере землеустройства, а также дается краткая оценка состоянии формировании цифровой культуры Казахстана. Показана роль современного землеустройства в реализации задач эффективного управления земельными ресурсами, роль информационных технологий в сфере землеустройства и их важность в реализации задач эффективного управления земельными ресурсами и оказания землеустроительных услуг.Помимо этого, выделены основные преимущества создания единой системы контроля и мониторинга земельных операции, использования электронной системы управления для контроля документооборота в целях повышения эффективности оказания услуг заявителям и сокращения бюрократических затрат в сфере государственного и местного управления. Рассмотрены возможности современных ведомственных информационных систем в решении вопросов геоинформационного обеспечения АПК. Предложены новые подходы и цифровые технологии землеустройства, обеспечивающие существенное повышение эффективности землепользования.
Negative Times of the Davey-Stewartson Integrable Hierarchy
Authors:   Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Pogrebkov Andrei K.
Published: October 2021

We use example of the Davey-Stewartson hierarchy to show that in addition to the standard equations given by Lax operator and evolutions of times with positive numbers, one can consider time evolutions with negative numbers and the same Lax operator. We derive corresponding Lax pairs and integrable equations.
A Decade of SCUBA-2: A Comprehensive Guide to Calibrating 450 μm and 850 μm Continuum Data at the JCMT
Authors: Mairs Steve , Dempsey Jessica T. , Bell Graham S. , Parsons Harriet , Currie Malcolm J. , Friberg Per , Jiang Xue-Jian , Tetarenko Alexandra J. , Bintley Dan , Cookson Jamie , Li Shaoliang , Rawlings Mark G. , Wouterloot Jan , Berry David , Graves Sarah , Mizuno Izumi , Acohido Alexis Ann , Clark Alyssa , Cox Jeff , Fuchs Miriam , Hoge James , Kemp Johnathon , Lee E’lisa , Matulonis Callie , Montgomerie William , Silva Kevin , Smith Patrice
Published: October 2021

The Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) is the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope’s continuum imager, operating simultaneously at 450 and 850 μm. SCUBA-2 was commissioned in 2009–2011, and since that time, regular observations of point-like standard sources have been performed whenever the instrument is in use. Expanding the calibrator observation sample by an order of magnitude compared to previous work, in this paper we derive updated opacity relations at each wavelength for a new atmospheric extinction correction, analyze the Flux Conversion Factors used to convert instrumental units to physical flux units as a function of date and observation time, present information on the beam profiles for each wavelength, and update secondary calibrator source fluxes. Between 07:00 and 17:00 UTC, the portion of the night that is most stable to temperature gradients that cause dish deformation, the total flux uncertainty and the peak flux uncertainty measured at 450 μm are found to be 14% and 17%, respectively. Measured at 850 μm, the total flux and peak flux uncertainties are 6% and 7%, respectively. The analysis presented in this work is applicable to all SCUBA-2 projects observed since 2011.
External Inverse-Compton Emission from Low-luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts: Application to GRB 190829A
Authors: Zhang B. Theodore , Murase Kohta , Veres Péter , Mészáros Péter
Published: October 2021

The detection of TeV gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) brought new opportunities for studying the physics of particle acceleration at relativistic shocks. The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescopes recently observed very-high-energy (VHE) emission from a nearby low-luminosity GRB, GRB 190829A. Follow-up observations with, e.g., Swift-XRT, revealed unusual flare activities at ∼103 s, which can be caused by a long-lasting central engine. We show that the VHE emission during the H.E.S.S. observation time is naturally produced in the external inverse-Compton (EIC) scenario, where seed photons supplied by the flares or other late-time dissipations are upscattered to VHE energies by the nonthermal electrons accelerated at the external forward shock. Our calculations show that the EIC flare nearly coincides with the late-prompt flare, but extends ∼3–4 times longer than the duration of the late-prompt flare. The preferred kinetic energy and initial Lorentz factor used in our model are ∼1052 erg and ∼20, respectively. Understanding the mechanisms of the VHE emission from low-luminosity GRBs will help us constrain the properties of the outflow and the central engine activities, as well as the particle acceleration mechanism.
A Family Tree of Optical Transients from Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
Authors: Frederick Sara , Gezari Suvi , Graham Matthew J. , Sollerman Jesper , van Velzen Sjoert , Perley Daniel A. , Stern Daniel , Ward Charlotte , Hammerstein Erica , Hung Tiara , Yan Lin , Andreoni Igor , Bellm Eric C. , Duev Dmitry A. , Kowalski Marek , Mahabal Ashish A. , Masci Frank J. , Medford Michael , Rusholme Ben , Smith Roger , Walters Richard
Published: October 2021

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) has discovered five events (0.01 < z < 0.4) belonging to an emerging class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) undergoing smooth, large-amplitude, and rapidly rising flares. This sample consists of several transients initially classified as supernovae with narrow spectral lines. However, upon closer inspection, all of the host galaxies display Balmer lines with FWHM(Hβ) ∼ 900–1400 km s−1, characteristic of a narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxy. The transient events are long lived, over 400 days on average in the observed frame. We report UV and X-ray follow-up of the flares and observe persistent UV emission, with two of the five transients detected with luminous X-ray emission, ruling out a supernova interpretation. We compare the properties of this sample to previously reported flaring NLSy1 galaxies and find that they fall into three spectroscopic categories: 1) Balmer line profiles and Fe ii complexes typical of NLSy1s, 2) strong He ii profiles, and 3) He ii profiles including Bowen fluorescence features. The latter are members of the growing class of AGN flares attributed to enhanced accretion reported by Trakhtenbrot et al. We consider physical interpretations in the context of related transients from the literature. For example, two of the sources show high-amplitude rebrightening in the optical, ruling out a simple tidal disruption event scenario for those transients. We conclude that three of the sample belong to the Trakhtenbrot et al. class and two are tidal disruption events in NLSy1s. We also hypothesize as to why NLSy1s are preferentially the sites of such rapid enhanced flaring activity.
GRB 180720B: A GRB with Interesting Spectral Characteristics
Authors: Chen Jia-Ming , Peng Zhao-Yang , Du Tan-Tan , Yin Yue , Wu Hui
Published: October 2021

The radiation mechanism and jet composition of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are still two important unresolved issues, and studying its energy spectrum characteristics can provide us with evidence. In this paper, we first use the smoothly broken power-law function (Band) and the cutoff power-law function to perform Bayesian time-resolved spectrum analysis on GRB 180720B and find these spectra can be well fitted. When the thermal component is added, approximately 40% of the resolution spectrum fitting statistics are significantly improved, indicating that there is a thermal spectral component in the burst. The thermal spectra are concentrated at the beginning and peak stage of the pulses. Therefore, the burst also supports that the GRB jet component transitions from material dominance to magnetic dominance. The values of the low-energy spectrum index α of the time-resolved spectra do not exceed the so-called synchrotron line of death, regardless of whether the thermal components are added or not, which indicates that the burst can be explained by synchrotron radiation. Moreover, we find that both α and E

p
track the flux, but their tracking modes are different. We use the synchrotron model to fit these time-resolved spectra and find that these spectra can also be well fitted by the model. Furthermore, we find that both the electron spectrum index p and the magnetic field strength B track the flux and are positively correlated with the flux. Our results also show that the Band function can be explained by the synchrotron model in the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor energy range.
Search for Neutrinos from the Tidal Disruption Events AT2019dsg and AT2019fdr with the ANTARES Telescope
Authors: Albert A. , Alves S. , André M. , Anghinolfi M. , Anton G. , Ardid M. , Aubert J.-J. , Aublin J. , Baret B. , Basa S. , Belhorma B. , Bendahman M. , Benfenati F. , Bertin V. , Biagi S. , Bissinger M. , Boumaaza J. , Bouta M. , Bouwhuis M. C. , Brânzaş H. , Bruijn R. , Brunner J. , Busto J. , Caiffi B. , Capone A. , Caramete L. , Carr J. , Carretero V. , Celli S. , Chabab M. , Chau T. N. , El Moursli R. Cherkaoui , Chiarusi T. , Circella M. , Coleiro A. , Colomer-Molla M. , Coniglione R. , Coyle P. , Creusot A. , Díaz A. F. , Wasseige G. de , Deschamps A. , Distefano C. , Palma I. Di , Domi A. , Donzaud C. , Dornic D. , Drouhin D. , Eberl T. , Eeden T. van , Khayati N. El , Enzenhöfer A. , Fermani P. , Ferrara G. , Filippini F. , Fusco L. , García R. , Gatelet Y. , Gay P. , Glotin H. , Gozzini R. , Graf K. , Guidi C. , Hallmann S. , Haren H. van , Heijboer A. J. , Hello Y. , Hernández-Rey J. J. , Hößl J. , Hofestädt J. , Huang F. , Illuminati G. , James C. W. , Jisse-Jung B. , Jong M. de , Jong P. de , Jongen M. , Kadler M. , Kalekin O. , Katz U. , Khan-Chowdhury N. R. , Kouchner A. , Kreykenbohm I. , Kulikovskiy V. , Lahmann R. , Le Breton R. , Lefèvre D. , Leonora E. , Levi G. , Lincetto M. , Lopez-Coto D. , Loucatos S. , Maderer L. , Manczak J. , Marcelin M. , Margiotta A. , Marinelli A. , Martínez-Mora J. A. , Melis K. , Migliozzi P. , Moser M. , Moussa A. , Muller R. , Nauta L. , Navas S. , Nezri E. , Fearraigh B. Ó , Organokov M. , Păvălaş G. E. , Pellegrino C. , Perrin-Terrin M. , Piattelli P. , Pieterse C. , Poirè C. , Popa V. , Pradier T. , Randazzo N. , Reck S. , Riccobene G. , Romanov A. , Greus F. Salesa , Samtleben D. F. E. , Sánchez-Losa A. , Sanguineti M. , Sapienza P. , Schnabel J. , Schumann J. , Schüssler F. , Spurio M. , Stolarczyk Th. , Taiuti M. , Tayalati Y. , Tingay S. J. , Vallage B. , Van Elewyck V. , Versari F. , Viola S. , Vivolo D. , Wilms J. , Zavatarelli S. , Zegarelli A. , Zornoza J. D. , Zúñiga J. ,   (ANTARES Collaboration)
Published: October 2021

On 2019 October 1, the IceCube Collaboration detected a muon track neutrino with a high probability of being of astrophysical origin, IC191001A. After a few hours, the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2019dsg, observed by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), was indicated as the most likely counterpart of the IceCube track. More recently, the follow-up campaign of the IceCube alerts by ZTF suggested a second TDE, AT2019fdr, as a promising counterpart of another IceCube muon track candidate, IC200530A, detected on 2020 May 30. Here, these intriguing associations are followed-up by searching for neutrinos in the ANTARES detector from the directions of AT2019dsg and AT2019fdr using a time-integrated approach. As no significant evidence for space clustering is found in the ANTARES data, upper limits on the one-flavor neutrino flux and fluence are set.
The Quasi-biennial-oscillation-type Signals in the Subsurface Flow Fields during Solar Cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Inceoglu Fadil , Howe Rachel , Loto’aniu Paul T. M.
Published: October 2021

We studied the presence and spatiotemporal evolution of quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs) in the rotation-rate residuals at target depths of 0.90R
⊙, 0.95R
⊙, and 0.99R
⊙ and at low- (0°–30°), mid- (30°–50°), and high-latitudinal (50°–70°) bands. To achieve these objectives we used data from the Michelson Doppler Imager on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on the Solar Dynamics Observatory, covering solar cycles 23 and 24, respectively. The results show that there are QBO-like signals in each latitudinal band and depth; however, they are affected by higher-amplitude and longer-timescale variations. The QBO-like signals found in each target depth and latitudinal bands show different spatiotemporal evolution. The amplitudes of variations of the rotation-rate residuals in the QBO timescale increase with increasing depth.
Tying the Geometrical Traits of Massive Young Stellar Objects and Their Disks to a Potential Evolutionary Sequence Using Infrared Observations
Authors: Frost A. J. , Oudmaijer R. D. , Lumsden S. L. , de Wit W. J.
Published: October 2021

Young massive stars influence their surroundings from local to galactic scales, but the observational challenges associated with their distance and embedded nature has, until the recent decade, made high-resolution studies of these objects difficult. In particular, comparative analyses of massive young stellar object (MYSO) disks are currently lacking and our understanding of their evolution is limited. Here, we combine the results of two studies with the aim to attribute geometrical features to an evolutionary sequence for a sample of seven MYSOs. The time evolution is based on near-infrared spectral features, while the geometry is determined from a multi-size-scale study of MYSOs. We find that MYSO disks with determined geometrical substructure turn out to be also spectroscopically more evolved. This implies that disk evolution and dispersal occur within MYSOs similarly to low-mass young stellar object (YSO) disk evolution, despite their faster formation timescales.
Large Hiatal Hernia Associated with Cameron Ulcers and Consecutive Sideropenic Anemia: Case Presentation
Authors: Gashi Zaim , Gashi Arjeta , Sherifi Fadil , Komoni Fitore
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Cameron lesions are seen in 5.2% of patients with hiatal hernia who undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopic examinations. The prevalence of Cameron lesions seems to be dependent on the size of the hernial sac, with an increased prevalence in the larger-sized sac. In about two-thirds of the cases, multiple Cameron lesions are noted rather than a solitary erosion or ulcer.

AIM: The aim of this case report is to present the patient with Cameron ulcers associated with hiatal hernia.

CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient presented with postprandial retrosternal pain, especially immediately after eating, vomiting, dyspnea, weight loss, fatigue, signs, and symptoms of severe hypochromic microcytic anemia without signs of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. No history of gastroesophageal disease. Colonoscopy was done and eliminate colic cause of anemia. The endoscopy showed a large hiatal hernia and linear erosions and ulcerations at the level of gastrodiaphragmatic contact (Cameron ulcers) and one non-sanguinant subcardial elipsoid ulceration. After conservative and operative treatment, there was significant clinically and laboratory improvement definitively, after 6 months. Cameron lesion is a rare cause of refractory sideropenic anemia. Diagnosis is very difficult in developing countries, where iron deficiency anemia is more common. A history of disease, clinical course, and laboratory findings are the important facts for diagnosis.

CONCLUSION: Endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis, although it is not uncommon to overlook these lesions due to their unique location. There are two modalities for the treatment of Cameron lesions: Medical or surgical, which should be individualized for each patient. By severe refractory anemia and large hiatal hernia, associated with clinical signs, surgical approach is very important.
Humans, megafauna and landscape structure – Rock engravings from Namibia encourage a comparative approach to central Europe and southern Africa
Authors: Zeller Ulrich , Göttert Thomas
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with reflections that arose after observing prehistoric rock engravings at different locations in Namibia. These observations stimulated comparative considerations with focus on southern Africa and central Europe. Similar to the Aurignacian rock art of European origin, the most common motifs in the Namibian rock engravings are large animals. While in Europe, the species that served as a blueprint for the illustration of Aurignacian rock art have mostly disappeared, the megafauna illustrated on the rock engravings in Namibia can still be found in the immediate vicinity of the rock art. Against this background, we discuss and further develop a comparative regional approach. We reconstruct and evaluate the suitability of African savannas and still-existing megafauna communities as an appropriate reference-frame for natural European grassland systems and extinct associated warm-adapted megafauna (Eemian Interglacial megafauna). Special attention is laid on the unique situation in Africa in the light of a global extinction wave of megafauna following increasing human activity in the Late Quaternary. This leads us to discuss the use of domesticated ungulates as surrogate taxa to fulfill ecosystem functions in Europe as part of concepts termed “rewilding” or “naturalistic grazing”. After critically examining these concepts, we conclude that using domesticated forms as representatives of extinct or locally disappeared species in Europe has its justification to some extent. If, however, the naturally occurring megaherbivore community still exists (Africa), these naturally occurring species should be given priority due to their organismic abilities and limitations adapted to the harsh conditions in their specific environment. Finally, we discuss the application of (transboundary) protected areas as effective instruments to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. A holistic approach, including nature conservation and preservation of cultural achievements (domesticated forms, grazing systems), appears promising for the effective protection of the natural African savanna ecosystems with their unique fauna elements, as illustrated in rock engravings that inspired us to write this paper.
Eosinophilic endotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: similarities and differences from asthma
Authors: Li Andrew , Chan Hiang Ping , Gan Phyllis X.L. , Liew Mei Fong , Wong W.S. Fred , Lim Hui-Fang
Published: October 2021

Approximately 25% to 40% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have the eosinophilic endotype. It is important to identify this group accurately because they are more symptomatic and are at increased risk for exacerbations and accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in the 1st second. Importantly, this endotype is a marker of treat ment responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), resulting in decreased mortality risk. In this review, we highlight differences in the biology of eosinophils in COPD compared to asthma and the different definitions of the COPD eosinophilic endotype based on sputum and blood eosinophil count (BEC) with the corresponding limitations. Although BEC is useful as a biomarker for eosinophilic COPD endotype, optimal BEC cut-offs can be combined with clinical characteristics to improve its sensitivity and specificity. A targeted approach comprising airway eosinophilia and appropriate clinical and physiological features may improve identification of subgroups of patients who would benefit from biologic therapy or early use of ICS for disease modification.