bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in School-readiness among Pre-school Children in Rural and Urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Mbagaya Catherine Vuhya
Published: January 2021

This study compared primary school preparedness of urban and rural preschool children in Kisumu county, Kenya. Children were assessed on their level of learning and development in the following domains: pre-academic skills (pre-literacy and pre-mathematics, executive function, and socioemotional cognition. The sample consisted of 390 preschool children who had completed their curriculum and were transitioning to Grade One. Children were assessed using an adapted and validated form of the Measurement of Development and Early Learning (MODEL) global item set. We hypothesized that urban children would score higher on all domains of learning and development than rural children. Results showed that indeed urban children were more prepared for primary school than were rural children in all the domains of learning examined in this study. In order to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 4 on equitable quality education that ensures life-long learning for all, county and national government should invest in early childhood development and education (ECDE) in both rural and urban so that all boys and girls can be ready for primary education and improve future outcomes for all children.
A Teaching Strategy Based Upon a Model of Agentic Learning
Authors: Ponton Michael K.
Published: January 2021

A major purpose of formal education is to prepare its students for life after graduation. In the current age of ever-increasing information and opportunities for novel personal and professional pursuits, the capacity to engage in lifelong agentic (i.e., intentional) learning is essential to maximize adaptation, achievement, and satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to discuss a model of agentic learning as the foundation for a teaching strategy that focuses on student development with respect to the various modes (individual, proxy, and group) and situations (selected and created) via which agentic learning is enacted. Examples of teaching techniques will be presented along with the consideration of developing actual and perceived ability for agentic learning in its various manifestations as preparation for fulfilling personally-chosen pursuits throughout life.
Experimental Method For Developing And Correcting Figurative Speech Among Visually Impaired Primary School Age Children
Authors: Fedorenko Svitlana , Polykovski Marina
Published: January 2021

The article presents special methodology for developing figurative speech, which has a compensatory value among primary schoolchildren, with reduced vision. The complexity of the figurative speech understanding process and the need for developing it among visually impaired children was specified by the scientists, Litvak (2006), Sineva (2008), Fedorenko (2015). The principles (general didactic, linguo-didactic, and special) and the main tasks for developing and correcting each figurative speech component among younger vision-impaired learners are defined as follows: cognitive (development of the visual-figurative basis of speech); emotional (the development of speech expressiveness and the emotional-sensory sphere) and creative-practical (formation of skills and abilities for using the exponents of imagery in speech proficiently, the development of skills for active work with words). The directions of correctional work for each figurative speech component are described. The results obtained by implementing the experimental method indicated positive dynamism in figurative speech development among younger vision-impaired learners in the experimental classes for all the components established in the experimental study, pointing to the effectiveness of the proposed work method on their formation and correction. It was stated that vision impaired children are able to understand and explain the essence of imagery expression, which is available to pupils of primary school age; expressively read and talk about their feelings and emotions from the read literary text; use the means of imagery in their own speech consciously and appropriately, with special pedagogical guidance.
Community Theatre as a Tool for Birth Control in Bekwarra Local Government Area, Cross River State-Nigeria
Authors: Donaldson Ushie Afo
Published: January 2021

This study examined the problem of understanding Community Theatre as a tool for controlling outrageous birth rate in Bekwarra Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. In line with the study problem, Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory served as the frame. The study blended qualitative and quantitative methods of research for data collection and analysis. Because of the enormous population size of the people which was 105,497 according to Federal Republic of Nigeria’s official Gazette 25, a multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to draw out a sample of 150 respondents for the study. Data generated were analyzed, using simple percentages and thematic analysis of emerging issues during the investigation. Findings reveal that community theatre is a better medium for sensitization to birth control because of its strong influence on personal and social development of the people through drama. This study therefore recommends that Bekwarra Healthcare Management teams should form community drama group and frequently develop interventions, using drama and workshop which are community theatre strategies that embody the capacity to make people understand the importance of using artificial contraceptive methods for births regulation.
Internettbaserte selvhjelpsverktøy mot depresjon: Utfordringer og strategier ved implementering
Authors: Haga Egil , Nilsson Hanne Sofie Wernø , Gjernes Simen Aurstad , Legard Ingunn
Published: January 2021

Internettbaserte selvhjelpsverktøy, basert på kognitiv atferdsterapi (iKAT), har de senere årene blitt introdusert forå gjøre behandling mot depresjon mer tilgjengelig. Dette er særlig aktuelt for personer med milde til moderate formerfor depresjon. Forskningen viser at iKAT er like effektiv som ordinær kognitiv atferdsterapi (KAT) når den gjennomføresmed veiledning av helsepersonell. Effekten av verktøyene er nært knyttet til implementeringskvalitet. Barrierer for implementering i primærhelsetjenesten viser seg blant annet å være utfordringer med å innføre nye rutiner i konkurranse med eksisterende tiltak, ha tid til tilstrekkelig opplæringav helsepersonell som skal ta verktøyet i bruk for sine pasienter og manglende systematikk i implementeringen.Helsemyndighetene har gjennom Direktoratet for e-helse initiert etableringen av en felles mestringsportal der slikeselvhjelpsverktøy skal gjøres tilgjengelige for helsepersonell og befolkningen. En slik felles plattform vil styrke implementeringen. I tillegg er det behov for prosjekter der man spesifikt monitorerer og evaluerer implementering av slike verktøy som grunnlag for å utforme en systematisk implementeringsstrategi. Som eksempel på et enkelttiltak foreslår vi at implementeringskvaliteten kan styrkes ved å gi bedre opplæring og oppfølging av veilederne, særlig gjelder detteinnholdet og omfanget av veiledningen med tanke på å styrke etterlevelse og motvirke drop-out.
Quantum Fourier Operators and Their Application
Authors: Sakk Eric
Published: January 2021

The application of the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) within the field of quantum computation has been manifold. Shor’s algorithm, phase estimation and computing discrete logarithms are but a few classic examples of its use. These initial blueprints for quantum algorithms have sparked a cascade of tantalizing solutions to problems considered to be intractable on a classical computer. Therefore, two main threads of research have unfolded. First, novel applications and algorithms involving the QFT are continually being developed. Second, improvements in the algorithmic complexity of the QFT are also a sought after commodity. In this work, we review the structure of the QFT and its implementation. In order to put these concepts in their proper perspective, we provide a brief overview of quantum computation. Finally, we provide a permutation structure for putting the QFT within the context of universal computation.
Interplay between Primary Cortical Areas and Crossmodal Plasticity
Authors: Xerri Christian , Zennou-Azogui Yoh’i
Published: January 2021

Perceptual representations are built through multisensory interactions underpinned by dense anatomical and functional neural networks that interconnect primary and associative cortical areas. There is compelling evidence that primary sensory cortical areas do not work in segregation, but play a role in early processes of multisensory integration. In this chapter, we firstly review previous and recent literature showing how multimodal interactions between primary cortices may contribute to refining perceptual representations. Secondly, we discuss findings providing evidence that, following peripheral damage to a sensory system, multimodal integration may promote sensory substitution in deprived cortical areas and favor compensatory plasticity in the spared sensory cortices.
Possibility of the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator for Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sasaki Shingo
Published: January 2021

The EMBLEM™ entirely subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) system (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) was introduced as a new alternative to the conventional transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and has been expected to reduce device-related complications, especially in young patients who require long-term lead placement. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a well-known hereditary disease recognized as a cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young adults. However, the precise clinical role of S-ICD in patients with ARVC remains to be defined because of the low QRS amplitude of subcutaneous electrocardiogram (S-ECG) followed by the high incidence of inappropriate shock (IAS) delivery due to oversensing. It is well known that the sensing of S-ICD is largely dependent on the QRS/T ratio of S-ECG. The decrease in the QRS amplitude is more likely to lead to oversensing such as T wave or myopotential oversensing. In patients with ARVC, the decrease in the QRS amplitude due to degeneration of the right ventricular myocardium progresses overtime. In this chapter, we would like to discuss the usefulness of S-ICD lead repositioning for young adult patients with ARVC based on our experience of patients with IAS.
Role of Dendritic Cells in Pathogen Infections: A Current Perspective
Authors: Luis Muñoz-Carrillo José , Francisco Contreras-Cordero Juan , Gutiérrez-Coronado Oscar , Trinidad Villalobos-Gutiérrez Paola , Guillermo Ramos-Gracia Luis , Monserrat Vargas-Barboza Jazmín
Published: January 2021

Dendritic cells (DC) represent an important link between innate and adaptive immunity, which play an important role during the immune response against pathogens. There are several populations and subpopulations of DC, but mainly two subpopulations are characterized: the classic DC specialized in the processing and presentation of the antigen; and the plasmacytoid DC that have a high phagocytic activity and capacity for the production of cytokines. This chapter aims to present the current aspects related to the most relevant characteristics and functions of DC, as well as their role in host defense against infections by viruses, parasites, bacteria, and fungi.
Virulence Factors of Salmonella Typhi
Authors: S.K. Al-Khafaji Noor , M.K. Al-Bayati Ali , O.M. Al-Dahmoshi Hussein
Published: January 2021

S. Typhi is an enteric bacillus which belongs,to the genus Salmonella in the family Enterobacteriacaea and it is a multi–organs pathogen which inhibits the lymphatic tissues of the small intestine, liver, spleen, and blood stream of infected humans. S. Typhi has a mixture of features that make it an efficient pathogen. This species contains an endotoxin that is characteristic of Gram-negative organisms, as well as the virulence-enhancing Vi antigen. Many of the S. Typhi virulence factors are clustered in some areas of the chromosome known as Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI), such as adhesion, invasion, and toxin genes. A protein known as invasin that permits non-phagocytic cells is also produced and excreted by the bacterium., Where it is capable of intracellular living. The oxidative burst of leukocytes may also be inhibited, making innate immune reaction ineffective.
Cytokine Profile as a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Telegin Georgii , Chernov Aleksandr , Belogurov Alexey , Balmasova Irina , Konovalov Nikolai , Gabibov Aleksandr
Published: January 2021

The study reviews findings of the recent experiments designed to investigate cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury. The role of key cytokines was assessed in the formation of cellular response to trauma. The specific immunopathogenic interaction of the nervous and immune systems in the immediate and chronic post-traumatic periods is summarized. The practicality of a step-by-step approach to assessing the cytokine profile in spinal cord injury is shown, the need to take into account the combination of pathogenetic and protective components in the implementation regulatory effects of individual cytokines, their integration into regenerative processes in the damaged spinal cord, which allows a rational approach to the organization of the treatment process and the development of new medicines.
Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Daytime Sleepiness in Patients Diagnosed with Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Hu Jing Hong , Chang Ming-Ling , Liu Nai-Jen , Yeh Chau-Ting , Huang Tung-Jung
Published: January 2021

Background: Poor sleep quality and daytime fatigue are common features of chronic hepatitis. Objectives: To evaluate the association between daytime sleepiness and hepatitis and to identify factors that contribute to daytime sleepiness in patients with hepatitis B and those with hepatitis C. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional pilot study, outpatients with fatigue who did not receive any treatment for hepatitis were recruited from the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and were classified into 5 groups of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis B + C, other hepatitis types, and without hepatitis (controls). Gastroesophageal reflux and daytime sleepiness were determined based on two self-reported questionnaires, and linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: In total 42 subjects had hepatitis B, 62 had hepatitis C, 9 had hepatitis B + C, 4 had other hepatitis types, and 14 had no hepatitis. Of them, 38 (29.01%) had gastroesophageal reflux (GERDQ score ≥ 12), and 13 (9.92%) had daytime sleepiness (ESS score ≥ 8). Hepatitis B patients with gastroesophageal reflux had significantly higher odds of daytime sleepiness [odds ratio (OR) = 12.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.59 - 261.02]. In hepatitis C patients, hypertension was significantly associated with daytime sleepiness (OR = 15.6, 95% CI = 2.13 - 143.21), while those with taller body height and elevated serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) levels had significantly lower odds of daytime sleepiness (body height: OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.65 - 0.93; GOT: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.55 - 0.95). Conclusions: Gastroesophageal reflux is a risk factor for daytime sleepiness in hepatitis B patients. In hepatitis C patients, hypertension is a risk factor, while taller body height and elevated serum GOT are protective factors for daytime sleepiness.
Obava z komunikace v cizím jazyce ve třídě
Authors: Jelínková Jaroslava
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study is to introduce the concept of foreign language communication anxiety and to outline studies dealing with this topic at the university level. The paper provides an overview based on data from sixteen studies that were included in the international databases Web of Science and Scopus in the range of the last nineteen years. Both quantitatively and qualitatively focused studies examine the concept of foreign language communication anxiety in relation to the personal characteristics of individuals and external variables, e.g. teacher´s personality or classroom dynamics.
Zdvořilostí výrazy ve výuce ruského jazyka na ZŠ z pohledu učitele – metodologie a první výsledky pilotáže
Authors: Krejčí Janina
Published: January 2021

An integral part of the development of sociolinguistic competence as a component of communicative competence is teaching politeness expressions, the acquisition of which enables communicants to conduct conversations in accordance with existing social standards. This article presents the results of the research that aimed to find out how Czech teachers view the development of sociolinguistic competence and teaching of courtesy expressions in Russian lessons at primary schools.
Královské lesy v Maiestas Carolina: Monumentalita krajiny a právní pluralismus v procesu utváření suverenity českého království
Authors: Ledvinka Tomáš
Published: January 2021

De juribus regiis silvarum (On the Law of the Royal Forests) is a segment of an unrealised constitutional project for the Kingdom of Bohemia from the mid-fourteenth century (Maiestas Carolina) which is usually interpreted as a law to protect the Royal Forests from arsonists and other criminals to maintain the forests as a source of the king’s revenue. This paper reinterprets the regulation with the emphasis on the interconnection between the Royal Forests and the constitutional mythos of the inalienability of the Kingdom. It suggests that the designation of the Forests to protect the wild (trees, beasts and outlaws) was based not merely on reverence for the king but also on the seclusion of the landscapes from intensive human use by means of a robust material, military-bureaucratic infrastructure (castles, roads...) which was equally meant to establish the Forests as an autonomous and constitutive pillar of the Kingdom’s sovereignty. It shows how the monumental landscape of the Royal Forests acquired a specific legitimacy function in terms of heterogeneous space and legal pluralism in the Kingdom, which is contrasted to the national territoriality and House metaphorics of modern State sovereignty. The paper further analyses the remarkable societal arrangement of the Maiestas Carolina Forest Court, which represents a unique configuration for the resolution of conflicts between various legal units and micro-sovereignties situated within the landscape of the Kingdom.
El uso del portafolio electrónico en evaluación educativa en Medicina.
Authors: Gutiérrez Morales Gabriel , Sánchez Mendiola Melchor
Published: January 2021

La educación médica se encuentra en una profunda transformación, que exigirá a los docentes reconsiderar las prácticas habituales de enseñanza y desarrollar estrategias innovadoras para optimizar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y residentes. Se ha llevado a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed y ERIC, entre los años 2000-2019. Ningún instrumento individual de evaluación educativa provee todos los elementos que se requieren para evaluar a un individuo, necesitándose analizar suficientes tareas y que sean representativas de los diferentes aspectos que comprenden el aprendizaje. El uso del portafolio electrónico ayuda a recoger la evidencia del progreso del aprendizaje del alumno con un propósito determinado, brindando al profesor las herramientas necesarias para una evaluación más amplia y variada. Para su uso se requiere tener en cuenta aspectos inherentes al profesor, estudiante y a su entorno para lograr los objetivos de las intervenciones educativas.

Medical education is undergoing a profound transformation, which will require teachers to reconsider current teaching practices and develop innovative strategies to optimize student and resident learning. No single educational assessment instrument provides all the elements required to evaluate an individual; sufficient tasks representative of the different aspects that comprise learning need to be analyzed. The use of the e-portfolio helps to collect evidence of student learning progress for a given purpose, providing the teacher with the necessary tools for a broader and more varied assessment. Its use requires taking into account aspects inherent to the teacher, student and their environment in order to achieve the objectives of educational interventions.
Aportaciones y enmiendas al artículo “Americanismos en las guajiras flamencas: arte entre dos continentes”
Authors: Cid Lucas Fernando
Published: January 2021

En el presente trabajo se amplían y se enmiendan algunas de las informaciones recogidas en el artículo titulado: “Americanismos en las guajiras flamencas: arte entre dos continentes”. Con esto se pretende seguir profundizando en el uso de los vocablos llegados desde el continente americano hasta el flamenco y, a su vez, se apuesta por un mejor conocimiento de dichas palabras a la hora de su pronunciación y su recepción en los aficionados o en los estudiosos del flamenco.

This essay expands and revises previous research presented in “Americanisms in the guajiras flamencas: art between two continents” (“Americanismos en las guajiras flamencas: arte entre dos continents”). One of the final aims of this academic review is to offer a better understanding and a deeper explanation of the use of some terms borrowed from the Native American cultures by the 'flamenco' culture. Indeed, a detailed explanation of such terms and their pronunciation will help to shed some light on both amateur and the scholarly studies about flamenco.
La expresividad del cuerpo y la comunicación gestual en el baile flamenco
Authors: Amar Víctor , Ferreira Tania
Published: January 2021

El arte flamenco se escribe con mayúscula. De una tradición anclada al pasado podríamos encontrar su explicación actual a través de pasajes de la mitología antigua, al igual que de la herencia de árabes y sefardíes. El presente artículo pretende poner en valor el potencial expresivo del cuerpo y la comunicación gestual en el baile flamenco. Con ello, pies y manos, cara y cabello dibujan el compás en el escenario y permiten diseñar siluetas con el cuerpo como si de un pincel se tratase. Mientras que la expresividad eclosiona con tonos cromáticos que facilita el deleite y la belleza. Un baile que se nutre de objetos para significarlo y el bailaor o bailaora se vale del zapateo para hacerse, también, en músico que lleva el compás, comunicando según su intensidad o velocidad de ejecución. El cuerpo en el baile flamenco y la comunicación gestual es un pretexto para iniciar un debate que no concluye sino que se nutre de la herencia y camina, evolucionando, hacia un presente con futuro.

Flamenco art is written with a capital letter. From a tradition anchored in the past we could find its current explanation through passages from ancient mythology, as well as from the heritage of Arabs and Sephardim. Everything gives us to understand the expressive value of the body and the gestual communication in the flamenco dance. Body and face, hair and hands draw the compass on stage. They allow to draw silhouettes that take the compass taking as a brush the body and its expressiveness hatches with chromatic tones that facilitate the delight and the beauty. A dance that is nourished by objects to signify it and the dancer uses the zapateo to become, also, a musician who carries the compás and communicates according to its intensity or speed of execution. The body in flamenco dance and gestural communication is a pretext to start a debate that does not end, but is nourished by heritage and walks, evolving, towards a present with a future.
Digitale tekster og skriftlig fremstilling i gymnasiet: Et curriculumperspektiv
Authors: Berthelsen Ulf Dalvad
Published: January 2021

I løbet af de seneste årtier er tekster gået fra at være et overvejende analogt fænomen til at være et overvejende digitalt fænomen. I denne artikel diskuteres dels hvilke konsekvenser denne massive digitale transformation har for opfattelsen af tekster, tekstkvalitet og skriftsprog, dels de mulige implikationer for gymnasieskolens danskfag. Artiklen falder i tre dele: indledningsvis diskuteres begrebet digitale tekster med henblik på at afdække forskelle på og ligheder mellem gamle og nye teksttyper. Herefter demonstreres det gennem en række analytiske nedslag, hvordan et funktionelt perspektiv på genrer og registre dels kan danne afsæt for arbejdet med at forstå og beskrive de nye digitale tekstformer, dels kan danne afsæt for udviklingen af et begreb om tekstkvalitet, der bygger på en distinktion mellem henholdsvis succeskriterier og korrekthedskriterier. Endelig følger afslutningsvis en diskussion af, hvilke implikationer et sådant ændret perspektiv på brugen af skriftsproglige ressourcer kan og bør have for arbejdet med tekster og skriftlig fremstilling i gymnasiets danskfag.
Accounting as a Source of Financial Information on Insolvency in Liquidation Proceedings
Authors:   Cracow University of Economics, Bauer Kinga
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to indicate which information originating in accounting is important for ensuring the information transparency of bankruptcy proceedings. Methodology: Based on the literature review and the analysis of international legal acts, we determined priority types of information from accounting used in bankruptcy court proceedings. These types included information on the costs of insolvency proceedings, the assumption in the financial statements that there was no going concern, and the book value of assets. A survey was then conducted on a group of specialists in the field of bankruptcy. Findings: Respondents indicated information on the costs of bankruptcy proceedings as the most important. However, other accounting information under study also received a high assessment from insolvency specialists. The obtained assessments of individual quality features are characterized by high reliability confirmed by low standard errors. Research implications: Accounting evolves as a response to the information needs of accounting information users. Therefore, knowing these needs may contribute to changes in the requirements regarding the scope of information from accounting that is used in bankruptcy proceedings. Originality/value: In-depth knowledge of various aspects of the economic side of the bankruptcy phenomenon is part of the current trend in minimizing the negative effects of bankruptcy.
La España decimonónica en los ojos de la familia Czartoryski
Authors: Obtułowicz Barbara
Published: January 2021

El interés de los Czartoryski por España y sus habitantes se remonta a la década de 1830, cuando el príncipe Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, por su participación en el levantamiento anti-ruso (1830-1831), fue condenado a muerte por el zar, escapando entonces con su esposa e hijos al oeste de Europa. En París continuó su animada actividad independentista. Dirigiendo el partido monárquico conservador-liberal del Hôtel Lambert, apoyó la política anti-rusa de los estados europeos, así como los movimientos revolucionarios y nacionales, y vio en ellos la posibilidad de reconstruir Polonia. Permanecer en la cercanía del “país detrás de los Pirineos” suscitaba curiosidad. La autora presenta los intentos fallidos de los representantes de Hôtel Lambert para hacer de España un aliado no declarado en la lucha de los polacos por la independencia. También hace referencia a los comentarios de los Czartoryski con respecto a su estancia en España que tratan tanto de la situación política y moral como de la vida cotidiana. Asimismo dedica un espacio aparte a presentar la opinión de la familia Czartoryski sobre las mujeres españolas. El análisis detallado del tema, elaborado principalmente con base en fuentes inéditas y manuscritos encontrados en archivos polacos y españoles, llevó a varias conclusiones importantes. En particular, la España vista por dos generaciones de esta ilustre familia solo en parte correspondía a la imagen transmitida por los viajeros y la literatura de viajes. Su conocimiento era más minucioso, menos idealizado, es decir, más verídico. Estaban, además, mejor enterados de la situación interna del país que los propios habitantes de la península ibérica, por eso criticaban, no sin razón, su gobierno, la corte y la política. Supieron apreciar, sin embargo, lo que era y sigue siendo la verdadera riqueza de España, es decir su patrimonio cultural y artístico. Recordaban también que en 1797 España, igual que antes lo había hecho Turquía, no aceptó el tercer reparto de Polonia.
Desde la disidencia: Lucía Etxebarria e Izabela Filipiak en reclamo de la autonomía
Authors: Potok Magda
Published: January 2021

El artículo propone un estudio comparativo de dos novelas publicadas en fechas similares en España y Polonia: Amor, curiosidad, prozac y dudas (1997) de Lucía Etxebarria y Absolutna amnezja (1995) de Izabela Filipiak. Ambas escritoras, la española y la polaca, han centrado sus relatos en la violencia cultural, reflexionando sobre las prácticas que permiten oponerse a su ejercicio. Sus novelas coinciden en plantear con plena libertad temas tabús (la sexualidad femenina, la opresión institucional, la violencia masculina, la desmemoria, etc.) y manifestar posturas disidentes. El cuestionamiento del orden existente permite a sus protagonistas superar las normas establecidas, aunque también es cierto que repercute en una desorientación identitaria. Es de notar que, en este sentido, ambas escritoras evitan un posicionamiento social fijo y representan a las mujeres de manera heterogénea, posiblemente indeterminada. Sin lugar a dudas, las novelas citadas, con sus aproximaciones temáticas y estéticas, aportan a la literatura una visión innovadora. Al mismo tiempo, como textos testimoniales de una época de bruscos cambios sociales, adquieren un valor ético y político significativo. Su análisis comparativo permite destacar el valor universal y las particularidades culturales de cada una de las entregas.
Aquí llegas, pero allá coges: distribución dialectal de los auxiliares de las construcciones multiverbales de verbos finitos coordinados en español
Authors: Covarrubias Magdalena , Guerrero Silvana , González Vergara Carlos , Jaque Matías , Orqueda Verónica , Hasler Felipe
Published: January 2021

En esta investigación se presentan los principales resultados del estudio de la distribución dialectal de los auxiliares de las construcciones multiverbales de verbos finitos coordinados (CMVFC) en ocho áreas dialectales del español: mexicana y centroamericana, caribeña, andina, chilena, rioplatense y del Chaco, andaluza, canaria y castellana (Moreno Fernández 2000). Se incluye el análisis de la distribución dialectal de dichas construcciones con ocho opciones de auxiliares organizadas en dos paradigmas: verbos de aprehensión (agarrar, coger, pillar y tomar) y verbos de movimiento (ir, llegar, saltar y venir), y se exponen los principales patrones de similitudes y diferencias de su uso. Los datos de este análisis se toman desde dos bases de datos, la del Corpus del Español del Siglo XXI (CORPES XXI) y la del Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de España y América (PRESEEA). Entre los hallazgos más relevantes del estudio destaca el hecho de que, tanto en su distribución dialectal como en su frecuencia, las construcciones con verbos auxiliares de movimiento, especialmente ir, son las preferidas. Estos datos concuerdan con estudios anteriores, que plantean que estos verbos manifiestan un grado más avanzado de gramaticalización.
Elaborar ayates. El trabajo artesanal hñähñu del hilado y tejido en el Valle del Mezquital, México
Authors: Reyes-Samilpa Alicia , van’t Hooft Anuschka , Reyes-Agüero Juan Antonio , Rubín de la Borbolla Sol
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se presenta una descripción de la elaboración de ayates con la fibra de maguey tal y como se realiza en comunidades hñähñu en el Valle del Mezquital en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Desde una perspectiva etnográfica en la que se consideran las observaciones y las pláticas informales como herramientas principales, se describen tanto los componentes de los instrumentos más importantes (malacate, urdidera y telar de cintura) como las técnicas del hilado con thet’i o malacate, y del tejido del ixtle (fibra de maguey) en el ya’be ga ñhu’ti o telar de cintura. Con base en las condiciones socio-ecológicas del entorno, se presenta el conocimiento tradicional del trabajo artesanal de los hñet’í o hilanderos y las met’e o tejedoras de esta región. Con ello se contribuye a la investigación del trabajo textil en esta región, el cual ha sido poco estudiado a pesar de que sus técnicas y piezas textiles son de las más variadas en Mesoamérica.
Polylactide Used as Filment in 3D Printing – Part 1: FTIR, DRIFT and TG-DTG Studies
Authors: Grabowska Beata , Kaczmarska Karolina , Cukrowicz Sylwia , Mączka Elżbieta , Bobrowski Artur
Published: January 2021

A short literature review was undertaken in terms of the structure, properties and applications of polymers, including those commonly used in 3D printing. The research part included the structural and thermal analysis of polylactide (PLA), which is an example of an extensively used polymer in the developing 3D technology. Special attention was paid to the comparison of structure and thermal stability of two different (from various producers) polylactide samples. The research, involving such analytical methods as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT), allowed the comparison of the structure of the two PLA samples considered. The determination of the temperature range in which changes related to PLA thermodestruction occur was a result of the performed thermoanalytical research (DRIFT, TG-DTG). Thermal studies also allowed to establish the temperature range in which the material does not yet degrade, which is important in the context of future planned research work on polylactide modification to obtain the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA-based materials. This research area will be described in the second part of the publication.
A novel motif of Rad51 serves as an interaction hub for recombination auxiliary factors
Authors: Afshar Negar , Argunhan Bilge , Palihati Maierdan , Taniguchi Goki , Tsubouchi Hideo , Iwasaki Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for maintaining genome stability. Although Rad51 is the key protein that drives HR, multiple auxiliary factors interact with Rad51 to potentiate its activity. Here, we present an interdisciplinary characterization of the interactions between Rad51 and these factors. Through structural analysis, we identified an evolutionarily conserved acidic patch of Rad51. The neutralization of this patch completely abolished recombinational DNA repair due to defects in the recruitment of Rad51 to DNA damage sites. This acidic patch was found to be important for the interaction with Rad55-Rad57 and essential for the interaction with Rad52. Furthermore, biochemical reconstitutions demonstrated that neutralization of this acidic patch also impaired the interaction with Rad54, indicating that a single motif is important for the interaction with multiple auxiliary factors. We propose that this patch is a fundamental motif that facilitates interactions with auxiliary factors and is therefore essential for recombinational DNA repair.
The Role of Order and Sequence of Options in Multiple-choice Questions for High-stakes Tests of English Language Proficiency
Authors: Karanfil Talip , Neufeld Steve
Published: January 2021

High-stakes and high-volume English language proficiency tests typically rely on multiple-choice questions (MCQs) to assess reading and listening skills. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, more institutions are using MCQs via online assessment platforms, which facilitate shuffling the order of options within test items to minimize cheating. There is scant research on the role that order and sequence of options plays in MCQs, so this study examined the results of a paper-based, high-stakes English proficiency test administered in two versions. Each version had identical three-option MCQs but with different ordering of options. The test-takers were chosen to ensure a very similar profile of language ability and level for the groups who took the two versions. The findings indicate that one in four questions exhibited significantly different levels of difficulty and discrimination between the two versions. The study identifies order dominance and sequence priming as two factors that influence the outcomes of MCQs, both of which can accentuate or diminish the power of attraction of the correct and incorrect options. These factors should be carefully considered when designing MCQs in high-stakes language proficiency tests and shuffling of options in either paper-based or computer-based testing.
Supervising English Teachers: Saudi Principals and the English Language Barrier
Authors: Alzamil Jwahir
Published: January 2021

Principals’ supervision has been an important aspect of school leadership, which has aimed to improve the overall quality of teaching in schools by improving the work of individual teachers. This study has identified a need to fill an existing gap in the teaching supervision literature, as researchers have overlooked the possibility that principals’ mastery of the English language may affect the supervision of English language teachers. It therefore examines whether Saudi female principals who did not major in English language face difficulties supervising English language teaching in secondary schools. This study was carried out over a week. The data was collected from five female principals working in secondary schools by means of semi-structured interviews. The results showed that the main obstacle faced by principals supervising English language classes was understanding the English language itself. Data collected by the study show the need for Saudi Arabian principals to be aware of their limitations in understanding English when supervising English language teachers; having this information can be crucial for improving supervision and planning successful supervisory practices. Moreover, it can help principals evaluate themselves and review the way they supervise English language teachers.
Identifying the Linguistic Features and Content of Teacher Electronic Feedback and Students’ Text Revisions in Writing
Authors: Suleiman Al Qunayeer Huda
Published: January 2021

Despite the substantial work on teachers’ feedback on students’ writing, scant attention has been paid to electronic (e-) feedback. In order to fill up this gap, the current study on teacher e-feedback provided to ten pairs of Saudi learners via E-Blackboard identified seven categories of the linguistic features of e-feedback: directives, questions, combined comments, confirmation, error corrections, praise and single statements on linguistic accuracy, content, organization and appropriateness. The students made most text revisions in responding to directive feedback, questions and combined comments, while least text revisions in responding to error corrections, suggestions and statements, and no text revisions in responding to confirmation and praise. The quantitative counts of these categories of feedback and students’ responses demonstrate the prevalent categories of feedback and text revisions. Most of the teacher’s electronic feedback focused on issues related to students’ use of the language in writing, followed by content and idea development, appropriateness and organization. Similar results were obtained from the quantitative analysis of students’ text revisions. This could be due to students’ low language proficiency and inadequate language competence in English, which hindered them from using accurate language in their assignments. Cross-referencing of students’ text revisions to the various patterns of teacher e-feedback revealed that most of students’ text revisions resulted from directive feedback, questions and combined comments. The study offers pedagogical implications for teacher feedback practices and students’ responses to feedback.
Tiempo y ficción
Authors:   New York University, Eltit Diamela
Published: January 2021

Me interesa examinar de una manera parcial —o quizás demasiado general— y, más aún, desde una perspectiva ficcional, el transcurso de agudos dilemas sociales en un conjunto de novelas chilenas escritas a partir del siglo XIX para pensar cómo y en cuánto se han modificado los pactos, los lugares, la configuración de las elites y los poderes políticos en el siglo XXI. En realidad, la pregunta que me moviliza es en torno al tiempo y su capaci-dad de renovación social. O si acaso los tiempos, en los tiempos, mantienen intactas las mismas estructuras de dominación, estructuras que transcurren solapadas, envueltas en nuevos parámetros discursivos.
Territorios de lo moderno: la recepción de la obra de Emilio Pettoruti y Martín Noel en la Revista de Arte Rodrigo
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Vera Manríquez Andrés , Guerrero Urquiza Claudio ,   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile)
Published: January 2021

El texto expone diversos modos de articular las nociones de tradición y modernidad en el arte y la arquitectura según los contenidos aparecidos en el número 11 (1936) de la Revista de Arte (Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Chile) dedicado a Argentina. El análisis se centra en dos artículos. El primero: “Emilio Pettoruti: brújula de la pintura argentina”, de Leonardo Estarico. El segundo: “América y la nueva arquitectura”, de Martín Noel. Mientras Estarico postula los conceptos de forma y de plástica como territorios universales, Noel establece al continente americano como fuente para el arte y la arquitectura local.
Patriagonia, de Ivonne Coñuecar. Revuelta geopoética de cuerpo/territorio
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Oyarzún Kemy
Published: January 2021

Esta lectura de Patriagonia (2014), poemario escrito por la poeta Huichille-chilena, Ivonne Coñuecar, intenta dar cuenta de la estética de tres de sus textos reunidos en esta edición: Catabática (2011), Adiabática (2009) y Anabática (inédito hasta 2014) desde una mirada feminista y queer, interseccional y descolonial. La lectura explora la urdimbre de relacio-nes identitarias no binarias, de territorio y estado-nación, como una serie de revueltas geodésicas y eróticas, geopoéticas y políticas. La hablante poética da cuenta de chispazos y desplazamientos de memoria rupturista a partir de múltiples agenciamientos de poder que abarcan el cuerpo, la familia heteropatriarcal y la centralidad capital del Estado neoliberal
Documentalismo, reescritura y apropiación en la poesía chilena reciente
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Guerrero Claudio , Hernández Biviana ,   Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano
Published: January 2021

En este artículo convergen dos investigaciones en curso en torno a la poesía chilena de posdictadura. En él, se emplea la categoría crítica de documentalismo para referir el estudio de los procedimientos de reescritura y apropiación que utilizan los poetas Jaime Pinos, María José Ferrada, Óscar Barrientos y Carlos Soto Román, autores que llevan a cabo un peculiar trabajo de montaje e intervención de fuentes documentales, a fin de producir una reflexión histórico-cultural acerca de cómo los medios masivos de comunicación modelan la realidad y el discurso público.
Los (des)bordes del archivo. Afectos, ética y representación histórica en las poéticas testimoniales de Albertina Carri
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Saporosi Lucas Gerardo
Published: January 2021

Tomando como punto de partida la discusión entre Ann Cvetkovich (2003) y Sara Ah-med (2004 [2015]) sobre la idea de archivo, pretendemos delimitar una forma particular de la práctica archivística que tome en consideración a las dimensiones ética y afectiva como fundamentales en su conceptualización y que contribuya a revisar la idea misma de representación histórica y del estatuto de documento archivable. Para hacerlo, nos propo-nemos explorar una serie de producciones estéticas de Albertina Carri —Restos (2010), Operación Fracaso y el Sonido Recobrado (2015) y Cuatreros (2017)— con el objetivo de indagar críticamente sobre los modos de delimitar un archivo de este tipo y especificar su registro documental, atendiendo a recuperar el lugar contingente de la experiencia, del territorio y de la construcción de memoria sobre el pasado reciente argentino.
El eterno deleite de la imaginación. Idea de la imaginación en el Romanticismo, especialmente en William Blake
Authors:   Universitat de Girona, Ferrer Ventosa Roger
Published: January 2021

Desde finales del siglo xviii los conceptos de razón e imaginación se transformaron en la cultura europea, con la segunda como facultad privilegiada de la mente humana para los románticos. En el presente texto se mostrarán ejemplos del incremento en la estima de la facultad, que gozó de su apoteosis en la original estética de William Blake. El artista servirá como autor por antonomasia de una tendencia común durante varias décadas, actitud romántica de la que él probablemente constituye el ejemplo paradigmático; tam-bién se comentarán sus influencias, pensadores neoplatónicos y místicos ocultistas como Böhme o Swedenborg.
The Effect of Sudden Rise in Salinity on Survival Rates and Salinity Tolerance Ability of Ctenopharyngodon idella
Authors: Alkhshali Mohammed Shaker , Alhilali Hasan Ali
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to identify the extent of the effect of sudden rise in salinity on survival rates of Ctenopharyngodon idella and determine the lethal concentration (LC50) that kills half of the number of fish. The fish were suddenly exposed to lethal concentrations (LC50 values) of: 4, 8, 12, and 16 g / l at a weight of 31.4 ± 2.2 g, as well as hypertonic water at the rate of (0.1 g of LC50), which was considered as a controlling sample. The (LC50) were prepared by adding a known weight of dried sea salt in a liter of chlorine-free hypertonic water until the required lethal concentrations (LC50) were reached. The results of the survival rates experiment showed that the survival rate of Ctenopharyngodon idella reached 90%, 20% and 0% at the lethal concentration (LC50) of 8, 12 and 16 g /I respectively, while the survival rate was 100% in both hypertonic water and the lethal concentration (LC50) of 4 g / l.

The results of the experiment to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) that kills half of the number of fish also showed that the LC50 in Ctenopharyngodon idella reached 9.68 g / l during 96 hours of sudden exposure to LC50 at the rate of 0.1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 g / l. During the experiment, the fish were fed on food ration containing 32% protein, at the rafe of 3% of the weight of fishs' body.