bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Ontology for Requirements Determination and Documentation During Software Development
Authors: Sajja Priti Srinivas , Akerkar Rajendra A.
Published: January 2020

Every business has an underlying information system. Quality and creditability of a system depend mainly on provided requirements. Good quality requirements of a system increase the degree of quality of the system. Hence, requirements determinations is of prime importance. Inadequate and misunderstood requirements are major problems in requirements determination. Major stakeholders of the requirements are non-computer professional users, who may provide imprecise, vague, and ambiguous requirements. Further, the system development process may be partly automated and based on platform such as web or Semantic Web. In this case, a proper ontology to represent requirements is needed. The chapter proposes a fuzzy RDF/XML-based ontology to document various requirements. A generic architecture of requirements management system is also provided. To demonstrate the presented approach, a case of student monitoring and learning is presented with sample software requirements specifications and interfaces to collect requirements. The chapter concludes with advantages, applications, and future enhancements.
Data in DevOps and Its Importance in Code Analytics
Authors: Babu Girish , Patil Charitra Kamalaksh
Published: January 2020

Robust DevOps plays a huge role in the health and sanity of software. The metadata generated during DevOps need to be harnessed for deriving useful insights on the health of the software. This area of work can be classified as code analytics and comprises of the following (but not limited to): 1. commit history from the source code management system (SCM); 2. the engineers that worked on the commit; 3. the reviewers on the commit; 4. the extent of build (if applicable) and test validation prior to the commit, the types of failures found in iterative processes, and the fixes done; 5. test extent of test coverage on the commit; 6. any static profiling on the code in the commit; 7. the size and complexity of the commit; 8. many more. This chapter articulates many ways the above information can be used for effective software development.
Effects of Gases Temperature on the Viscosity and Flow Velocity of Melt in the Gas-Assisted Extrusion Forming of Plastic Micro-Tube
Authors: Ren Zhong , Huang Xing Yuan
Published: January 2020

To ascertain the influence of gases temperature on the viscosity and flow velocity of melt in the gas-assisted extrusion forming of plastic micro-tube, the three phase fluid geometric model was established and the finite element numerical simulation method was used in this paper. In the simulations, four different assisted-gases temperatures were imposed on the inlet boundaries of inner and outer assisted gas layers. Under a certain inlet volume flow rate of melt and assisted gases, as well as the thermal boundaries conditions, the numerical results about the effect of gases temperature on the viscosity and flow velocity of melt for the gas-assisted extrusion forming of the plastic micro-tube were obtained. Results show that with the increase of gases temperature, the viscosity distribution of melt in the radial direction of die channel decreases. However, at the axial direction of die channel, when the gases temperature is less than that of the melt, the viscosity of melt increases first and then decreases finally increases outside of die. When the gases temperature is larger than that of melt, the viscosity of melt decreases first and then increases finally increases outside of die. In addition, the flow velocity of melt increases with the gases temperature.
Effects of Substrate Parameters on the Residual Stress and Deflection of Ti-6Al-4V Walls in Additive Manufacturing Process
Authors: Chen Shu Guang , Zhang Yi Du , Wu Qiong , Gao Han Jun
Published: January 2020

Given substrate parameters affect the heat transfer during additive manufacturing (AM) deposition process, the precision and residual stress of the component will also be affected. Such effect is an important aspect that should be considered but has not been reported. Thus, this paper presents a three-dimensional thermo-mechanical finite element model to study the effects of substrate parameters on the residual stress of Ti-6Al-4V walls during the AM process. The thermal and deflection histories and residual stress profile with different substrate parameters were investigated. Results show that the influence of the substrate height on the deflection, heat transfer and residual stress is most obvious, the length change has little influence on the deflection and stress distribution. The maximum deflection difference between the heights of 2.4 and 10.4 mm is 92.12%, the maximum deflection is reduced by 39.65% with the width increased from 15.4mm to 35.4mm. And the increased height is beneficial to the uniform of Z component residual stress but decrease uniformity of Y component residual stress.
Germ-Reducing Titanium Dioxide - Silicone Rubber Composites
Authors: Fischer Theresa , Suttor Susana , Mansi Salma , Ahrens Markus , Eblenkamp Markus
Published: January 2020

Germs are present in all areas of everyday life and can lead to dangerous infections. Surfaces with antimicrobial properties are used to reduce the risk of infection in sanitary facilities and hospitals. Apart from the addition of biocides or antibiotic agents to synthetic materials, research shows that it is possible to use the semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO2) to generate antibacterial surfaces. Photocatalytically active TiO2 leads to the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are able to kill germs. The aim of this research is to use TiO2 to generate antibacterial bulk material. Nanostructured TiO2 particles were incorporated into silicone rubber to obtain a photocatalytic active polymer surface. High temperature vulcanizing (HTV) silicone rubber was used as a matrix material, and samples with 10 wt% of TiO2 were produced. The distribution of TiO2 particles in the matrix was analyzed via light microscopy. The photocatalytic activity on the surface of the test samples was studied via microbial testing with E.coli bacteria. The samples showed different intensities of the photocatalytic effect depending on the type of additive. The effort to create a germ reducing silicone rubber surface by using TiO2 as an additive was successful.
Characteristic Enhancement of InGaN-Based Light Emitting Diodes Grown on Pattern Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Wang Huan You , Jin Gui , Tan Qiao Lai
Published: January 2020

Blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an InGaN multi-quantum well (MQW) structure were fabricated on cone-shaped patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) using a single growth process of metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The PSS was proved to be an efficient method to decrease the threading dislocation (TD) density in GaN epifilm with the lateral growth mode on PSS. The LED designed on PSS increased the electroluminescene (EL) intensity. The internal quantum efficiency is increased by reducing the dislocation density, and light extraction efficiency is also enhanced owing to PSS.
Extreme hyperferritinemia: etiological spectrum and impact on prognosis
Authors: Belfeki N. , Strazzulla A. , Picque M. , Diamantis S.
Published: January 2020

Hyperferritinemia can be the result of inflammation, infection, iron overload, or other uncommon pathologies including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The significance of its elevation and its association with poor prognosis and critical clinical situations is unclear. To study the spectrum of diagnosis associated with elevated serum ferritin, we made a retrospective review of patients admitted to our center from 2015 and 2017 with serum ferritin levels above 2000 μg L-1. The H score was retrospectively assessed in all cases to evaluate the possible presence of HLH. The degree of ferritinemia found was compared with the evaluation of the undelying diagnosis and the results of laboratory examinations. A total of 77 patients were identified with a serum ferritin level >2000 μg L-1. Hematological malignancy was the most prevalent diagnosis with n=20; severe infection was next with n=14. Eleven patients were diagnosed with HLH. The hemophagocytosis pictures on bone marrow smear and mortality rate were significantly correlated with ferritin level above 6000 μg L-1 (p<0.01). The comparison of the HLH subgroup with the rest of the cohort showed that fever, cytopenia (anemia, leucopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia), hemophagocytosis pictures, and major liver disturbances were significantly increased in the HLH subgroup. The H score was significantly elevated in the subgroup of patients with ferritin above 6000 μg L-1, with a significatively higher probability of HLH (p<0.01). The mortality rate at 3 months was significantly increased in the HLH subgroup. Extreme hyperferritin cannot be considered as a specific marker for the diagnosis. The cut off of 6000 μg L-1 is significantly associated with HLH diagnosis. The H score is an interesting screening tool that physicians should use to rule out the probability of HLH when facing critical clinical situations.
Spectrum of musculoskeletal disorders in Nigerians with types 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and predictors
Authors: Olaosebikan H. , Azenabor A. , Akintayo R. , Adelowo O. , Ogbera A. , Brodie-Mends A.
Published: January 2020

Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are more frequently found among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than in the non-diabetics. Despite several reports outside Africa, they have been under-studied among Africans. This study aimed to assess the overall prevalence and predictors of MSK conditions in Nigerian with types 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 268 adult with T2DM and 268 non-diabetic controls were recruited. All study subjects had their socio-demographics and clinical parameters obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Musculoskeletal conditions among study subjects were classified using validated criteria and case definitions. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKD) were significantly more frequent amongst subjects with DM (56% vs 22%, OR=4.5 p=0.001). Osteoarthritis (9.3% vs 4.1%, p=0.016), lumbosacral spondylosis (5.6% vs 2.2%, p=0.045), limited joint mobility (13.8% vs 5.6%, p-0.001), adhesive capsulitis (4.5% vs 1.5%, p-0.042) and rotator cuff tendinitis (3.7% vs 0.4%, p=0.006) were more frequent in DM subjects than in controls. Logistic regression showed that age (OR=2.1, CI=1.5-2.6) and waist circumference (OR=3.0, CI=2.6- 3.4) are independent predictors of MSKD among patients with diabetes. This study found higher prevalence of MSKD among diabetic subjects. It also identified certain factors associated with MSKD among patients with diabetes mellitus.
Social media use by health professionals: To do or not to do?
Authors: Nkombua Lushiku
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Quantitative multiple mixing
Authors: Björklund Michael , Einsiedler Manfred , Gorodnik Alexander
Published: January 2020

We develop a method for providing quantitative estimates for higher order correlations of group actions. In particular, we establish effective mixing of all orders for actions of semisimple Lie groups as well as semisimple

S

-algebraic groups and semisimple adele groups. As an application, we deduce existence of approximate configurations in lattices of semisimple groups.
How to Read a Suit
Authors: Edwards Lydia
Published: January 2020

Fashion is ever-changing, and while some styles mark a dramatic departure from the past, many exhibit subtle differences from year to year that are not always easily identifiable. With overviews of each key period and detailed illustrations for each new style, How to Read a Suit is an authoritative visual guide to the under-explored area of men's fashion across four centuries.

Each entry includes annotated color images of historical garments, outlining important features and highlighting how styles have developed over time, whether in shape, fabric choice, trimming, or undergarments. Readers will learn how garments were constructed and where their inspiration stemmed from at key points in history – as well as how menswear has varied in type, cut, detailing and popularity according to the occasion and the class, age and social status of the wearer.

This lavishly illustrated book is the ideal tool for anyone who has ever wanted to know their Chesterfield from their Ulster coat. Equipping the reader with all the information they need to 'read' menswear, this is the ultimate guide for students, researchers, and anyone interested in historical fashion.
Writing History in Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Nethercott Frances
Published: January 2020

It is commonly held that a strict divide between literature and history emerged in the nineteenth century, with the latter evolving into a more serious disciple of rigorous science. Yet, in turning to works of historical writing during late Imperial Russia, Frances Nethercott reveals how this was not so; rather, she argues, fiction, lyric poetry, and sometimes even the lives of artists, consistently and significantly shaped historical enquiry.

Grounding her analysis in the works of historians Timofei Granovskii, Vasilii Kliuchevskii, and Ivan Grevs, Writing History in Late Imperial Russia explores how Russian thinkers—being sensitive to the social, cultural, and psychological resonances of creative writing—drew on the literary canon as a valuable resource for understanding the past. The result is a novel and nuanced discussion of the influences of literature on the development of Russian historiography, which shines new light both on late Imperial attitudes to historical investigation and considers the legacy of such historical practice on Russia today.
Applied Theatre: Women and the Criminal Justice System
Authors: McAvinchey Caoimhe
Published: January 2020

Applied Theatre: Women and the Criminal Justice System offers unprecedented access to international theatre and performance practice in carceral contexts and the material and political conditions that shape this work. Each of the twelve essays and interviews by international practitioners and scholars reveal a panoply of practice: from cross-arts projects shaped by autobiographical narratives through to fantasy-informed cabaret; from radio plays to film; from popular participatory performance to work staged in commercial theatres. Extracts of performance texts, developed with Clean Break theatre company, are interwoven through the collection.

Television and film images of women in prison are repeatedly painted from a limited palette of stereotypes – ‘bad girls’, ‘monsters’, ‘babes behind bars’. To attend to theatre with and about women with experience of the criminal justice system is to attend to intersectional injustices that shape women’s criminalization and the personal and political implications of this. The theatre and performance practices in this collection disrupt, expand and reframe representational vocabularies of criminalized women for audiences within and beyond prison walls. They expose the role of incarceration as a mechanism of state punishment, the impact of neoliberalism on ideologies of punishment and the inequalities and violence that shape the lives of many incarcerated women. In a context where criminalized women are often dismissed as unreliable or untrustworthy, the collection engages with theatre practices which facilitate an economy of credibility, where women with experience of the criminal justice system are represented as expert witnesses.
Gilberto Gil’s Refazenda
Authors: Hertzman Marc A.
Published: January 2020

Refazenda connects a remarkable album by one of the 20th and 21st centuries' great musicians to a dazzling, often unexpected, array of people and places spread across the globe from Brazil to England to Chile to Japan. Critics and fans often project (or impose) desires and interpretations onto Gil that don't seem to fit. This book explores why familiar political and musical categories so often fall flat and explains why serendipity may instead be the best way to approach this mercurial album and the unrepeatable artist who created it.

Based on years of listening to, studying, and teaching about Gil, and the author's own encounters with the album around the world, this book argues that Refazenda does, in fact, contain radical messages, though they rarely appear in the form, shape, or places that we might expect. The book also includes the first English-language translations of the album's lyrics, never-discussed-before 1970s Japanese liner notes, and a recounting of a forgotten moment when censors detained Gil during the album's debut tour.

33 1/3 Global, a series related to but independent from 33 1/3, takes the format of the original series of short, music-based books and brings the focus to music throughout the world. With initial volumes focusing on Japanese and Brazilian music, the series will also include volumes on the popular music of Australia/Oceania, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and more.
British Progressive Pop 1970–1980
Authors: Bennett Andy
Published: January 2020

Positioned between the psychedelic and counter-cultural music of the late 1960s and the punk and new wave styles of the late 1970s, early 1970s British popular music is often overlooked in pop music studies of the late 20th century, but it was, in fact, highly diverse with many artists displaying an eclecticism and flair for musical experimentation. 'Progressive pop' artists such as Roxy Music, David Bowie, the early Queen, the Electric Light Orchestra, 10cc and Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel successfully straddled the album and singles markets, producing music that often drew on a variety of different musical styles and traditions. Similarly, such artists often set new benchmarks for songwriting and production, utilizing the full potential of the rapidly expanding studio technology of the era to produce albums of highly diverse material featuring, in some cases, special studio-crafted effects and soundscapes that remain unique to this day.

This book considers the significance of British progressive pop in the early 1970s as a period during which the boundaries between pop and rock were periodically relaxed, providing a platform for musical creativity less confined by genre and branding.
The CMIP6 Data Request (DREQ, version 01.00.31)
Authors: Juckes Martin , Taylor Karl E. , Durack Paul J. , Lawrence Bryan , Mizielinski Matthew S. , Pamment Alison , Peterschmitt Jean-Yves , Rixen Michel , Sénési Stéphane
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The data request of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) defines all the quantities from CMIP6 simulations that should be archived. This includes both quantities of general interest needed from most of the CMIP6-endorsed model intercomparison projects (MIPs) and quantities that are more specialized and only of interest to a single endorsed MIP.
The complexity of the data request has increased from the early days of model intercomparisons, as has the data volume.
In contrast with CMIP5, CMIP6 requires distinct sets of highly tailored variables to be saved
from each of the more than 200 experiments.
This places new demands on the data request information base and leads to a new requirement for development of software that facilitates automated interrogation of the request and retrieval of its technical specifications.
The building blocks and structure of the CMIP6 Data Request (DREQ), which have been constructed
to meet these challenges, are described in this paper.
Soil Moisture Sensor Network Design for Hydrological Applications
Authors: Zhuo Lu , Dai Qiang , Zhao Binru , Han Dawei
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Soil moisture plays an important role in the partitioning of rainfall into evapotranspiration, infiltration and runoff, hence a vital state variable in the hydrological modelling. However, due to the heterogeneity of soil moisture in space most existing in-situ observation networks rarely provide sufficient coverage to capture the catchment-scale soil moisture variations. Clearly, there is a need to develop a systematic approach for soil moisture network design, so that with the minimal number of sensors the catchment spatial soil moisture information could be captured accurately. In this study, a simple and low-data requirement method is proposed. It is based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Elbow curve for the determination of the optimal number of soil moisture sensors; and K-means Cluster Analysis (CA) and a selection of statistical criteria for the identification of the sensor placements. Furthermore, the long-term (10-year) soil moisture datasets estimated through the advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are used as the network design inputs. In the case of the Emilia Romagna catchment, the results show the proposed network is very efficient in estimating the catchment-scale soil moisture (i.e., with NSE and r at 0.995 and 0.999, respectively for the areal mean estimation; and 0.973 and 0.990, respectively for the areal standard deviation estimation). To retain 90 % variance, a total of 50 sensors in a 22,124 km2 catchment is needed, which in comparison with the original number of WRF grids (828 grids), the designed network requires significantly fewer sensors. However, refinements and investigations are needed to further improve the design scheme which are also discussed in the paper.
Projected increases in magnitude and socioeconomic exposure of global droughts in 1.5 and 2 °C warmer climates
Authors: Gu Lei , Chen Jie , Yin Jiabo , Sullivan Sylvia C. , Wang Hui-Min , Guo Shenglian , Zhang Liping , Kim Jong-Suk
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Paris Agreement sets a long-term temperature goal to hold global warming to well below 2.0 ∘C and strives to limit it to 1.5 ∘C above preindustrial levels. Droughts with either intense
severity or a long persistence could both lead to substantial impacts such
as infrastructure failure and ecosystem vulnerability, and they are
projected to occur more frequently and trigger intensified socioeconomic
consequences with global warming. However, existing assessments targeting
global droughts under 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C warming levels usually neglect the multifaceted nature of droughts and might underestimate
potential risks. This study, within a bivariate framework, quantifies the
change in global drought conditions and corresponding socioeconomic
exposures for additional 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C warming trajectories. The drought characteristics are identified using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) combined with the run theory, with the climate scenarios projected by 13 Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) under three representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The copula functions and the most likely realization are incorporated to model the joint distribution of drought severity and duration, and changes in the bivariate return period with global warming are evaluated. Finally, the drought exposures of populations and regional gross domestic product (GDP) under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) are investigated globally. The results show that within the bivariate framework, the historical 50-year droughts may double across 58 % of global landmasses in a 1.5 ∘C warmer world, while when the warming climbs up to 2.0 ∘C, an additional 9 % of world landmasses would be exposed to such catastrophic drought deteriorations. More than 75 (73) countries' populations (GDP) will be completely affected by increasing drought risks under the 1.5 ∘C warming, while an extra 0.5 ∘C warming will further lead to an additional 17 countries suffering from a nearly unbearable situation. Our results demonstrate that limiting global warming to 1.5 ∘C, compared with 2 ∘C warming, can perceptibly mitigate the drought impacts over major regions of the world.
Estimating exposure of residential assets to natural hazards in Europe using open data
Authors: Paprotny Dominik , Kreibich Heidi , Morales-Nápoles Oswaldo , Terefenko Paweł , Schröter Kai
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Natural hazards affect many types of tangible assets, the most valuable of which are often residential assets, comprising buildings and household contents. Yet, information necessary to derive exposure in terms of monetary value at the level of individual houses is often not available. This includes building type, size, quality, or age. In this study, we provide a universal method for estimating exposure of residential assets using only publicly available or open data. Using building footprints (polygons) from OpenStreetMap as a starting point, we utilized high-resolution elevation models of 30 European capitals and pan-European raster datasets to construct a Bayesian-network-based model that is able to predict building height. The model was then validated with a dataset of (1) buildings in Poland endangered by sea level rise, for which the number of floors is known, and (2) a sample of Dutch and German houses affected in the past by fluvial and pluvial floods, for which usable floor space area is known. Floor space of buildings is an important basis for approximating their economic value, including household contents. Here, we provide average national-level gross replacement costs of the stock of residential assets in 30 European countries, in nominal and real prices, covering the years 2000–2017. We either relied on existing estimates of the total stock of assets or made new calculations using the perpetual inventory method, which were then translated into exposure per square metre of floor space using data on countries' dwelling stocks. The study shows that the resulting standardized residential exposure values provide much better coverage and consistency compared to previous studies.
Modelling the evolution of Djankuat Glacier, North Caucasus, from
1752 until 2100 AD
Authors: Verhaegen Yoni , Huybrechts Philippe , Rybak Oleg , Popovnin Victor V.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We use a numerical 1.5D model to simulate the behaviour of the Djankuat Glacier, a WGMS reference glacier situated in the North Caucasus (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russian Federation), in response to past, present and future climate conditions (1752–2100 AD). The model consists of a coupled ice flow−mass balance model that also takes into account the evolution of a supraglacial debris cover. After simulation of the past retreat by applying a dynamic calibration procedure, the model was forced with climatic data for the future period under different scenarios regarding temperature, precipitation and debris input. The main results show that the glacier length and surface area have decreased by 1.4 km and 1.6 km2 respectively between the initial state in 1752 AD and present-day conditions. Some minor stabilization and/or readvancements of the glacier have occurred, but the general trend shows an almost continuous retreat since the 1850s. Future projections exhibit a further decline of the glacier. Under constant present-day climate conditions, its length and surface area will further shrink by ca. 50 % by 2100 AD. However, even under the most extreme RCP 8.5 scenario, the glacier will not have disappeared completely. The presence of an increasingly widespread supraglacial debris cover is shown to significantly delay glacier retreat, depending on the interaction between the prevailing climatic conditions, the debris input location, the debris mass flux magnitude and the time of release of debris sources from the surrounding topography.
Proyectos de arte de acción: análisis de una experiencia pedagógica
Authors: Tejo-Veloso Carlos
Published: January 2020

Tras seis años de docencia continuada en la asignatura Proyectos de Arte de Acción, proponemos ahora un artículo que analice esta materia ofertada dentro del plan de estudios del grado en Bellas Artes de  la Universidad de Vigo. Para ello estudiaremos el contexto de la enseñanza del arte de acción en la universidad española, la tipología de arte de acción que ocupa nuestra práctica pedagógica, el tejido académico que rodea nuestra docencia, la demanda de la asignatura entre los estudiantes, la guía docente, el perfil de nuestro alumnado, la metodología docente empleada y las características esenciales de la evaluación.
Slovak consumers´ perception of bakery products and their offer in retails
Authors: Kubicová Ľubica , Predanocyová Kristí­na , Kádeková Zdenka , Košičiarová Ingrida
Published: January 2020

Bakery products represents an important part of the diet and have an irreplaceable role in the proportion of nutrients, but their popularity in the diet of Slovak consumers continues to decline. For this reason it is necessary to address the issue of bakery products with regard to their consumption. The aim of the paper is to point out the development of consumption of bakery products in the Slovak Republic and to identify the main factors determining their purchase from the perspective of Slovak consumers. Secondary and primary data were used to meet this aim. Secondary data were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic in order to describe trends in consumption of selected foodstuffs in the period 2009 – 2018, as well as to predict the development of consumption of wheat and durable bread by 2020. The development of consumption is influenced by a number of factors, which may include, in particular, the price of products, the existence of substitution products, changes in eating habits and preferences of Slovak consumers, consumer health restrictions, as well as the taste factor. The primary data were obtained through consumer and business-oriented research in the Slovak Republic. The results of the consumer survey showed both rationality and irrationality in consumer decisions when buying bakery products. Rational aspects in the purchase of bakery products are factors of composition and durability. Irrationality in consumer behavior when buying can be accompanied by psychological factors, which include the perception of freshness of bakery products, the perception of prices, the perception of the country of origin, as well as sensory aspects such as taste. The achieved results were confronted with the results of a retail-oriented survey. The results showed that the commercial premises, when offering bakery products, mainly take into account the freshness, price and country of origin of selected foods.
Fitzgerald's High IQ: An Interview with Colonel Benjamin W. Venable, 45th Regiment, U.S. Army
Authors: Elmore A. E.
Published: January 2020

This interview was conducted in 1973 with Colonel Benjamin Wilson Venable (1894–1980), who served as a captain in the same 45th Regiment in which F. Scott Fitzgerald was a lieutenant. Venable's lively recollections of Fitzgerald and Zelda Sayre in Camp Sheridan outside Montgomery, Alabama, offer insight into daily life and military protocol at the time; his claim that Fitzgerald ranked highest in IQ in the regiment helps substantiate the belief that Fitzgerald's intelligence has been highly underrated—something as true today as it was during the years Elmore spent working on his book-length study of The Great Gatsby from which this is an excerpt. It is published with the permission of both the Elmore and Venable families. We also thank John Kuhnle for his work on the manuscript.
REACTIONS OF GERMAN SOCIETY TO COUP ATTEMPT OF 20TH JULY 1944
Authors: FIKUS Sebastian
Published: January 2020

Huge, spontaneous support given to Hitler by the overwhelming majority of the German society after 20 July 1944 proves that the element integrating the Third Reich was by no means Gestapo terror. The overwhelming majority driven by fanaticism, thoughtlessness, love of comfort or previously acquired bad historical traditions supported the Nazi regime with complete commitment. But the reactions of the German society to the coup attempt also show to the fullest extent how much the Third Reich dissidents were isolated from it. Great solitude of the combatants of the coup of July 20, 1944 and their alienation is a huge accusation of the remaining part of the society.
KNIGHT EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES – PART TWO
Authors: MARKOWSKI Szymon
Published: January 2020

The article presents the process of education of noble youths. It characterizes the area of activity of social groups, its aims, tasks and historical circumstances. It is also an attempt at refuting the stereotypes of knowledge related to the Middle Ages. From the pedagogical perspective, it is an analysis of the historical re-enactment phenomenon. The author focusing on historical premises specifies only the sources of re-enactment for the contemporary continuators of knight traditions: re-enactors.
JEWS DESERTIONS FROM ANDERS’ ARMY IN THE LIGHT OF EVIDENCE FROM POLISH INSTITUTE AND SIKORSKI MUSEUM IN LONDON
Authors: STRZYŻEWSKI Sylwester
Published: January 2020

Polish and Jewish relations are over centuries old. The different episodes in history have often put our relationships to the test. One of the less known issues related to Polish and Jewish relations are the desertions of Jewish soldiers from the Polish Army in the East. The authors of this article present and explain this phenomenon.
ASSESSMENT OF DIRECT METHOD OF CALCULATING STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR
Authors: DUCHACZEK Artur , MAŃKO Zbigniew
Published: January 2020

The results of comparing the stress intensity factor determined by using commercial engineering software based on the finite element method (FEM) with those obtained with the use of specialized software FRANC2D are presented.
JUSTIFICATION FOR APPLYING EXPEDIENT/BATTLE DAMAGE REPAIRS OF WEAPON SYSTEMS IN COMBAT OPERATIONS
Authors: SMAL Tomasz , STANKIEWICZ Grzegorz
Published: January 2020

Every armed conflict is connected with numerous losses in the equipment. Modern armies are still looking for new solutions allowing them to improve the possibilities of the battlefield maintenance system, which will be tailored to the conditions of the contemporary battlefield. One of the solutions is the ER/BDR – expedient repairs and battle damage repairs of weapon systems. The ER/BDR allows one to maintain the suitability of combat vehicles, especially mobility or an ability to provide fire during combat operations. What is more, ER/BDR operations can be conducted directly in the place of damage without the necessity of evacuation to maintenance collection points. In the article the authors present advantages and a justification for applying this solution, which is based on the analysis of theoretical calculations, a few historical data and a simulation they conducted.
CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING WITH TABU SEARCH ALGORITHM AND UNCERTAIN DATA
Authors: BOŻEJKO Wojciech , HEJDUCKI Zdzisław , ROGALSKA Magdalena , RAJBA Paweł , WODECKI Mieczysław
Published: January 2020

This paper deals with some problems of synchronizing construction activities differing in their execution times. The methodology of calculating the times of execution of the activities, ensuring that there will be no collisions between them, is presented. The methodology is illustrated with numerical examples showing the successive steps of the algorithm and it is applied to complex works modelled as the flow shop problem. The tabu search algorithm is adapted to solve the problem.
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY
Authors: ZIMA Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the problems of today's construction project management. Despite the implementation of modern technologies and building materials, and the use of software to support engineering analysis and decision-making in construction, efficiency gradually decreases. The article describes a new concept of integrated construction project management (Integrated Project Delivery) and compares it with the previously used management methods, such as Design-Bid-Build and Design & Build. The article also shows the problems associated with the flow of information during the completion of a construction project and the benefits of integrated construction project management in conjunction with the BIM (Building Information Modelling) technology. The article also describes the world's most popular format for data exchange between different software: IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), which allows exchanging information on many aspects of a construction project.
PEOPLE – THE MOST IMPORTANT PROJECT’S VALUE
Authors: BETTA Jan
Published: January 2020

The objective of this paper is to present the main role of stakeholders in the success or failure of a project, in particular that of the Project Manager and the project team. After the period of enthusiasm with IT tools as the panacea for solving problems while initiating, planning realising, controlling and completing projects, the time has come to reflect on human importance in this issue. All PMs agree on the main influence of the human factor on the project’s final result. The most significant are the Project Manager and his/her team. The PM’s personality, characteristics, knowledge and know-how allow him/her to create a valuable team which in turn “creates” a project product that is valuable and conforms to the plan.
CITY COMMUNITY CENTRES AS CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS – THEIR PLACE IN CULTURE AND ECONOMY
Authors: GIELATA Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

The object of this article is to define the position of community centres as cultural institutions functioning in boroughs. The author presents the differences in the way community centres are organised, which results from specific legal regulations, and also indicates some legislative deficiencies directly influencing their definition and scope of functions. Moreover, the author is of the opinion that the changes following the transformation processes which spread over our country significantly influenced the change in the perception of community centres as a kind of entertainment, to some extent making it necessary to tailor the offer addressed to the particular groups of culturally active recipients. According to Szlendak in the article, there are 29 main culture recipient groups distinguished in Poland. The acknowledgment of the groups’ needs as well as a proper and precise offer selected by community centre co-ordinators, in the author’s assumption, should be the main factor aiming at eliminating the lack of interest in the pro-gramme’s offer.
Skutki cesji wierzytelności własnych na gruncie podatku od towarów i usług oraz podatku od czynności cywilnoprawnych
Authors: Kopacz Sebastian
Published: January 2020

Prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej wiąże się z ryzykiem nieuiszczenia przez nabywcę towarów lub usług należności za sprzedane świadczenia. Rozwiązaniem w tym wypadku może być sprzedaż nieuregulowanej przez dłużnika wierzytelności. W artykule autor odpowiada na pytanie, czy przeniesienie wierzytelności za wynagrodzeniem mniejszym od wartości nominalnej lub jej równym stanowi świadczenie usług oraz skutkuje powstaniem obowiązku podatkowego na gruncie podatku od towarów i usług, jak również podatku od czynności cywilnoprawnych.
Johan Nuorgam: Sámi Squanto and cultural broker
Authors: Lehtola Veli-Pekka
Published: January 2020

The role of “Squantos” – different kinds of intermediators, cultural interpreters, or cultural brokers coming from native societies – has been important in encounters between Indigenous peoples and the outside world. The article describes a North Sámi broker, Johan Nuorgam, the founder of the Sámi museum in Inari, Finland. Due to dramatic incidents as a young man, he left his reindeer Sámi life to move to Helsinki, the Finnish capital in the beginning of 1930s. He worked as an informant for Finnish researchers, as a guide in a Finnish outdoor museum, a collector of Sámi artefacts, and an editing assistant in a North Sámi magazine. All this later made Nuorgam a pioneer in Sámi media and politics, as well as in museum management. In this article, I interrogate Nuorgam as a “Squanto”.
Zrušitelnost v normativních kontextech
Authors: Štěpán Jan
Published: January 2020

The paper defines normative contexts, describes the general concept of defeasibility and the logical means to its solution. It also illustrates defeasibility of legal norms on case studies.
Botrys neboli esej o záludnostech historikovy práce (rozprava o metodě)
Authors: Vykoupil Libor
Published: January 2020

The elder and more experienced certainly know or at least have a vague idea that there used to be a Greek brandy named Botrys containing 40 % of alcohol. Its name was probably derived from the name of Botrytis cinerea (botrytis bunch rot, more commonly). The Greek term is Βότρυς and its transcription into Latin alphabet is Votrus or Votris. However, if a scholar attempts to verify in such an elementary finding, they can get entangled in very complex and tricky historical facts. After weeks of hard work it turned out that it is probably easier to write a chapter on the history of Greek economy of the second half of 19th century than a few lines on a distillery producing a brandy called Botrys. And so this contribution somehow by the way describes a solution to the „raisin problem“ in order to conclude with some basic information on the label Botrys.
Collaboration with Voluntary Stopping of Eating and Drinking
Authors: Honkanen Lisa ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: January 2020

Voluntary stopping of eating and drinking (VSED) is an increasingly popular method by which patients are choosing to hasten death when life feels unbearable. This formal act of suicide often leads to distressing symptoms, for which patients then seek palliation by medical professionals. The intentional act of hastening death is always an evil act. A Catholic physician must understand the moral implications of participating in any phase of the patient’s planning and execution of the VSED process, including cooperation in evil and scandal. The Catholic physician must strive to develop a well-formed conscience and then be prepared to exercise his or her right to conscientious objection while offering an example of true compassion for the sick, the suffering, and the dying.
The Ethics of Human Tripronuclear Zygotes as Germline Editing Subjects
Authors: Hall Jeanatan ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: January 2020

Despite great interest in the field of gene editing, sparked by the advent of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated applications, the personhood of tripronuclear zygotes has not been addressed appropriately. 3PN zygotes are discarded as medical waste, and their use as models for human genome editing is becoming increasing common. 3PN zygotes possess an extra set of chromosomes, which often leads to severe genetic abnormalities; they are dismissed as “nonviable embryos” and treated as an ethically acceptable alternative to human embryonic research. However, given the development cycle of 3PN zygotes and the qualifications for human personhood assessed, there is compelling evidence that 3PN zygotes are indeed human persons. Although genetically disadvantaged, they deserve the same respect as do genetically normal human zygotes.
ULOGA I ZNAČAJ PROGRAMA EVROPSKE UNIJE U REGIONALNOM RAZVOJU SRBIJE
Authors: Trišić Marko
Published: January 2020

Unapređenje razvijenosti regiona predstavlja jednu od ključnih obaveza čiji se uspeh neprestano procenjuje od strane Evropske unije i u direktnoj je vezi sa pozicijom Republike Srbije u procesu pridruživanja. Ovaj naučni rad ističe značaj regionalnog razvoja i stepen regionalizacije u Srbiji, kao i nivo uticaja četiri finansijska instrumenta Evropske unije i njihovom pojedinačnom doprinosu regionalnom razvoju i saradnji. Četiri opisana EU instrumenta, koja su u poslednjih dvadeset godina najviše doprinela regionalnom razvoju Srbije, jesu: „Program pomoći zajednice za obnovu, razvoj i stabilizaciju - CARDS“, prvi i drugi „Instrument Evropske unije za pretpristupnu pomoć - IP“i „Program evropske podrške razvoju opština - EU PRO“.
Conectando testamentos: Números como tipo en Biblia Pauperum y Speculum Humanae Salvationis / Connecting Testaments: Numbers as Type in the Biblia Pauperum and the Speculum Humanae Salvationis
Authors: Azanza López José Javier
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: In the close typological relationship established in the Middle Ages between the Old and New Testaments, the Book of Numbers becomes an exemplary Christological and Mariological prefigurative example. The episodes of the Murmuring of Miriam and Aaron, the Spies from Canaan, the Rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, the Brazen Serpent, the Budding of Aaron’s Rod and the Prophecy of Balaam, constitute types of New Testament passages collected in the Biblia Pauperum and the Speculum Humanae Salvationis, whose repercussion will be felt in Medieval and Modern Art as a theological visual synthesis present in stained glass windows, sculptures of portals, tapestries, goldsmith works and altarpieces.
KEYWORDS
Book of Numbers; Typological Method; Biblia Pauperum; Speculum Humanae Salvationis; Medieval and Modern Art.
RESUMEN: En la estrecha relación tipológica establecida en la Edad Media entre Antiguo y Nuevo Testamento, el libro de los Números se convierte en exepcional ejemplo prefigurativo cristológico y mariológico. Los episodios de la murmuración de Miriam y Aarón, los exploradores de Canaán, la rebelión de Coré, Datán y Abirón, Moisés y la serpiente de bronce, la vara florida de Aarón y la profecía de Balaam, constituyen otros tantos tipos anunciadores de pasajes neotestamentarios recogidos en Biblia Pauperum y Speculum Humanae Salvationis, cuyo eco se dejará sentir en el arte medieval y moderno como síntesis visual teológica plasmada en vidrieras, portadas, tapices, piezas de plata y retablos.
Riesgos y manipulaciones en la recuperación de la obra de Andrés Carranque de Ríos
Authors: Arias Careaga Raquel
Published: January 2020

Desde que en 1936 se publicara su última novela, la obra de Andrés Carranque de Ríos ha experimentado una lenta y creciente recuperación por parte de la crítica. Su nombre, apenas presente en los manuales de literatura en los años 50 y 60, es ahora habitual y sus obras se han reeditado, publicándose además unas obras completas que reúnen su producción: un libro de poemas, algunos cuentos y tres novelas. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un acercamiento al cuerpo crítico que se ha ocupado de él, confirmando que, mientras la crítica más especializada ha procurado situar sus textos en el contexto histórico que los produjo, la reedición de sus obras y los trabajos específicamente dedicados a él imponen una visión radicalmente desideologizada de sus obras. La propuesta de este estudio es insertar a Carranque de Ríos en la tradición de una cultura obrera, escrita desde el margen y contra la cultura burguesa de una sociedad capitalista a la que se enfrentaba radicalmente. Solo desde ahí es posible entender la perspectiva de sus textos y la novedad de su propuesta estética.
Cáncer e identidad. La aparición de esta enfermedad en la vida de las personas afectadas
Authors: Villar Baile Álvaro
Published: January 2020

: En este texto trato de analizar la aparición del diagnóstico de cáncer dentro del entorno social de la persona afectada, valiéndome para ello de tres puntales: 1/ la irrupción de la enfermedad como acontecimiento dentro de la vida de la persona afectada; 2/ el desarrollo de un proceso de identificación posterior; y 3/el ideal de persona sana como unidad de análisis derivada de todo lo anterior, entendiendo como tal a un individuo normativo y autónomo respecto al cual la persona diagnosticada asimila su nueva posición. La articulación de estos tres elementos, junto a otros componentes desarrollados en torno mi situación como persona familiarizada con el proceso estudiado, han sido factores determinantes en el desarrollo de una metodología paralela: una primera labor auto-etnográfica desarrollada durante y después de mi propia vivencia, acompañada por la ulterior realización de entrevistas en profundidad en base a la idea de relato biográfico. Teniendo en cuenta tres escalas sociales: la esfera íntima, el grupo de socialización primario y la institución hospitalaria.