bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA-Seq Analysis Identifies Differentially Expressed Genes in the Longissimus dorsi of Wagyu and Chinese Red Steppe Cattle
Authors: Li Guanghui , Yang Runjun , Lu Xin , Liu Yue , He Wei , Li Yue , Yu Haibin , Qin Lihong , Cao Yang , Zhao Zhihui , Fang Xibi
Published: December 2022

Meat quality has a close relationship with fat and connective tissue; therefore, screening and identifying functional genes related to lipid metabolism is essential for the production of high-grade beef. The transcriptomes of the Longissimus dorsi muscle in Wagyu and Chinese Red Steppe cattle, breeds with significant differences in meat quality and intramuscular fat deposition, were analyzed using RNA-seq to screen for candidate genes associated with beef quality traits. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the 388 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in biological processes such as short-chain fatty acid metabolism, regulation of fatty acid transport and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. In addition, crystallin alpha B (CRYAB), ankyrin repeat domain 2 (ANKRD2), aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family member A1 (ALDH9A1) and enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (EHHADH) were investigated for their effects on intracellular triglyceride and fatty acid content and their regulatory effects on genes in lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism pathways. This study generated a dataset from transcriptome profiling of two cattle breeds, with differing capacities for fat-deposition in the muscle, and revealed molecular evidence that CRYAB, ANKRD2, ALDH9A1 and EHHADH are related to fat metabolism in bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFFs). The results provide potential functional genes for maker-assisted selection and molecular breeding to improve meat quality traits in beef cattle.
Comorbidity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder: Animal Models and Associated Neurocircuitry
Authors: Zhan Bo , Zhu Yingxin , Xia Jianxun , Li Wenfu , Tang Ying , Beesetty Anju , Ye Jiang-Hong , Fu Rao
Published: December 2022

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders and frequently co-occur concomitantly. Individuals suffering from this dual diagnosis often exhibit increased symptom severity and poorer treatment outcomes than those with only one of these diseases. Lacking standard preclinical models limited the exploration of neurobiological mechanisms underlying PTSD and AUD comorbidity. In this review, we summarize well-accepted preclinical model paradigms and criteria for developing successful models of comorbidity. We also outline how PTSD and AUD affect each other bidirectionally in the nervous nuclei have been heatedly discussed recently. We hope to provide potential recommendations for future research.
An Injectable Hydrogel Scaffold Loaded with Dual-Drug/Sustained-Release PLGA Microspheres for the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization in the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Cheng Haozhe , Guo Qian , Zhao Hongjian , Liu Kun , Kang Honglei , Gao Fang , Guo Jianfeng , Yuan Xi , Hu Shuang , Li Feng , Yang Qin , Fang Zhong
Published: December 2022

Due to the unique physical characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and the pathological microenvironment that it creates, including inflammation and oxidative stress, effective self-repair is impossible. During the process of intervertebral disc degeneration, there is an increase in the infiltration of M1 macrophages and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we designed a novel injectable composite hydrogel scaffold: an oligo [poly (ethylene glycol) fumarate]/sodium methacrylate (OPF/SMA) hydrogel scaffold loaded with dual-drug/sustained-release PLGA microspheres containing IL-4 (IL-4-PLGA) and kartogenin (KGN-PLGA). This scaffold exhibited good mechanical properties and low immunogenicity while also promoting the sustained release of drugs. By virtue of the PLGA microspheres loaded with IL-4 (IL-4-PLGA), the composite hydrogel scaffold induced macrophages to transition from the M1 phenotype into the M2 phenotype during the early induced phase and simultaneously exhibited a continuous anti-inflammatory effect through the PLGA microspheres loaded with kartogenin (KGN-PLGA). Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the composite hydrogel scaffold. We found that the scaffold promoted cell proliferation and improved cell viability in vitro. While ensuring mechanical strength, this composite hydrogel scaffold regulated the local inflammatory microenvironment and continuously repaired tissue in the nucleus pulposus via the sequential release of drugs in vivo. When degenerative intervertebral discs in a rat model were injected with the scaffold, there was an increase in the proportion of M2 macrophages in the inflammatory environment and higher expression levels of type II collagen and aggrecan; this was accompanied by reduced levels of MMP13 expression, thus exhibiting long-term anti-inflammatory effects. Our research provides a new strategy for promoting intervertebral disc tissue regeneration and a range of other inflammatory diseases.
Sperm Chromatin Condensation Defect Accelerates the Kinetics of Early Embryonic Development but Does Not Modify ICSI Outcome
Authors: Jumeau Fanny , Rives Nathalie , Lechevallier Pauline , Boniou Coline , Letailleur Maria , Réal-Lhommet Audrey , Feraille Aurélie
Published: December 2022

The origin and quality of gametes are likely to influence the kinetics of embryonic development. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of sperm nuclear quality, and in particular sperm chromatin condensation, on the kinetics of early embryo development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Our study included 157 couples who benefitted from ICSI for male factor infertility. Chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation were assessed in spermatozoa prior to ICSI. Above the 20% threshold of sperm condensation defect, patients were included in the abnormal sperm chromatin condensation (ASCC) group; below the 20% threshold, patients were included in the normal sperm chromatin condensation (NSCC) group. After ICSI, the oocytes were placed in the time-lapse incubator. The kinetics of the cohort’s embryonic development have been modeled. The fading times of pronuclei and the time to two blastomeres (t2, first cleavage) and four blastomeres (t4, third cleavage) differed significantly between the NSCC and ASCC groups, with earlier events occurring in the ASCC group. On the other hand, the state of sperm chromatin condensation did not seem to have an impact on live birth rates or the occurrence of miscarriages. The kinetics of early embryonic development was accelerated in males with a sperm chromatin condensation defect without compromising the chances of pregnancy or promoting miscarriage. However, our study highlights the paternal contribution to early embryonic events and potentially to the future health of the conceptus.
Monochromatic Green Light Stimulation during Incubation Alters Hepatic Glucose Metabolism That Improves Embryonic Development in Yangzhou Goose Eggs
Authors: Chen Zhe , Qu Xiaolu , Feng Chungang , Guo Binbin , Zhu Huanxi , Yan Leyan
Published: December 2022

The influence of monochromatic green light stimulation on hatching performance and embryo development has been studied in chickens, but not geese. The liver has crucial functions in the regulation of energy metabolism during embryogenesis, but its involvement in green light transduction is still unidentified. We aimed to determine the influence of monochromatic green light on Yangzhou goose hatching performance and embryo development. We also investigated the metabolomics and transcriptomic responses of the embryonic liver to green light to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Eggs were incubated under either 12 h of monochromatic green light/dark (12 L:12D) cycles or 24 h of darkness (0G:24D). Green light promoted embryonic development and hatching performance, also affected the expression of myogenic regulatory factors associated with muscle development. It also shortened hatching time and elevated plasma levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Metabolomics and transcriptomic results revealed differentially expressed genes and metabolites with enhanced gluconeogenesis/glycolysis and increased plasma glucose and pyruvate levels under green light. Hence, the growth-promoting effect possibly through regulating energy metabolism in the liver and myogenic regulatory factors in muscle. Our findings provide important and novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of green light on goose embryos.
Antibiotic Knockdown of Gut Bacteria Sex-Dependently Enhances Intravenous Fentanyl Self-Administration in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Ren Michelle , Lotfipour Shahrdad
Published: December 2022

Communication between the brain and gut bacteria impacts drug- and addiction-related behaviors. To investigate the role of gut microbiota on fentanyl reinforcement and reward, we depleted gut bacteria in adult Sprague Dawley male and female rats using an oral, nonabsorbable antibiotic cocktail and allowed rats to intravenously self-administer fentanyl on an escalating schedule of reinforcement. We found that antibiotic treatment enhanced fentanyl self-administration in males, but not females, at the lowest schedule of reinforcement (i.e., fixed ratio 1). Both males and females treated with antibiotics self-administered greater amounts of fentanyl at higher schedules of reinforcement. We then replete microbial metabolites via short-chain fatty acid administration to evaluate a potential mechanism in gut-brain communication and found that restoring metabolites decreases fentanyl self-administration back to controls at higher fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Our findings highlight an important relationship between the knockdown and rescue of gut bacterial metabolites and fentanyl self-administration in adult rats, which provides support for a significant relationship between the gut microbiome and opioid use. Further work in this field may lead to effective, targeted treatment interventions in opioid-related disorders.
Marine Bacteria under Low-Intensity Radioactive Exposure: Model Experiments
Authors: Kolesnik Olga V. , Rozhko Tatiana V. , Kudryasheva Nadezhda S.
Published: December 2022

Radioactive contaminants create problems all over world, involving marine ecosystems, with their ecological importance increasing in the future. The review focuses on bioeffects of a series of alpha and beta emitting radioisotopes (americium-241, uranium-(235 + 238), thorium-232, and tritium) and gamma radiation. Low-intensity exposures are under special consideration. Great attention has been paid to luminous marine bacteria as representatives of marine microorganisms and a conventional bioassay system. This bioassay uses bacterial bioluminescence intensity as the main testing physiological parameter; currently, it is widely applied due to its simplicity and sensitivity. Dependences of the bacterial luminescence response on the exposure time and irradiation intensity were reviewed, and applicability of hormetic or threshold models was discussed. A number of aspects of molecular intracellular processes under exposure to low-intensity radiation were analyzed: (a) changes in the rates of enzymatic processes in bacteria with the bioluminescent system of coupled enzymatic reactions of NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase and bacterial luciferase taken as an example; (b) consumption of an intracellular reducer, NADH; (c) active role of reactive oxygen species; (d) repairing of the DNA damage. The results presented confirm the function of humic substances as natural radioprotectors.
Molecular Variation and Genomic Function of Citrus Vein Enation Virus
Authors: Dou Runqiu , Huang Qingqing , Hu Tao , Yu Fengzhe , Hu Hongxia , Wang Yaqin , Zhou Xueping , Qian Yajuan
Published: December 2022

In this study, we identified a new citrus vein enation virus (CVEV) isolate (named CVEV-DT1) through sRNA high-throughput sequencing and traditional sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome sequences of all known CVEV isolates revealed that CVEV-DT1 was in an evolutionary branch with other isolates from China. Molecular variation analysis showed that the single nucleotide variability along CVEV full-length sequences was less than 8%, with more transitions (60.55%) than transversions (39.43%), indicating a genetically homogeneous CVEV population. In addition, non-synonymous nucleotide mutations mainly occurred in ORF1 and ORF2. Based on disorder analysis of all encoded ORF by CVEV-DT1, we identified that the CVEV-DT1 coat protein (CP) formed spherical granules, mainly in the cell nucleus and partly throughout the cytoplasm, with liquid properties through subcellular localization and photobleaching assay. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the CVEV P0 protein has weak post-transcriptional RNA-silencing suppressor activity and could elicit a strong hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco plants. Collectively, to the best of our knowledge, our study was the first to profile the genomic variation in all the reported CVEV isolates and reveal the functions of CVEV-DT1-encoded proteins.
Bone Marrow-Derived Vasculogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance In Vitro Angiogenic Sprouting of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Jang Hyun Hee , Son Youngsook , Park Gabee , Park Ki-Sook
Published: December 2022

Vasculogenic properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported, but it is still unclear whether the vasculogenic properties are restricted to some populations of MSCs or whether the entire population of MSCs has these properties. We cultured two different populations of MSCs in different culture media and their vasculogenic properties were evaluated using In vitro spheroid sprouting assay. Neither population of MSCs expressed markers of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), but they were different in the profiling of angiogenic factor expression as well as vasculogenic properties. One population of MSCs expressed basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and another expressed hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). MSCs expressing HGF exhibited In vitro angiogenic sprouting capacity in response to bFGF derived from other MSCs as well as to their autocrine HGF. The vasculogenic mesenchymal stem cells (vMSCs) derived from the bone marrow also enhanced In vitro angiogenic sprouting capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in an HGF-dependent manner. These results suggest that MSCs exhibit different vasculogenic properties, and vMSCs that are different from EPCs may contribute to neovascularization and could be a promising cellular therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
The DmeRF System Is Involved in Maintaining Cobalt Homeostasis in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Zhao Yuxuan , Kong Mengyao , Yang Jiaxue , Zhao Xiaoxian , Shi Yiran , Zhai Yimeng , Qiu Jun , Zheng Chengkun
Published: December 2022

Although cobalt (Co) is indispensable for life, it is toxic to cells when accumulated in excess. The DmeRF system is a well-characterized metal-response system that contributes to Co and nickel resistance in certain bacterial species. The Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633 genome also harbors a dmeRF operon that encodes a multiple antibiotic resistance regulator family transcriptional regulator and a cation diffusion facilitator family protein. Quantitative real-time PCR, growth curves analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, β-galactosidase activity assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and a mouse infection experiment were performed to characterize the function of the DmeRF system in V. parahaemolyticus. Zinc, copper, and Co significantly increase dmeF expression, with Co inducing the greatest increase. DmeF promotes V. parahaemolyticus growth under high-Co conditions. Additionally, increased accumulation of cellular Co in the ΔdmeF mutant indicates that DmeF is potentially involved in Co efflux. Moreover, DmeR represses the dmeRF operon by binding directly to its promoter in the absence of Co. Finally, the DmeRF system was not required for V. parahaemolyticus virulence in mice. Collectively, our data indicate that the DmeRF system is involved in maintaining Co homeostasis in V. parahaemolyticus and DmeR functioning as a repressor of the operon.
Potential Development of Vitrified Immature Human Oocytes: Influence of the Culture Medium and the Timing of Vitrification
Authors: Peinado Irene , Moya Isabel , García-Valverde Laura , Francés Raquel , Ribes Rosana , Polo Patrocinio , Gómez-Torres María José , Monzó Ana
Published: December 2022

How does the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium and the vitrification procedure affect the survival of germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes obtained from stimulated cycles and their development to the blastocyst stage? In total, 1085 GV human oocytes were obtained after women underwent a cycle of controlled ovarian stimulation, and these oocytes were subjected to IVM before or after their vitrification. IVM was carried out in two commercial culture media not specifically designed for maturation. MII oocytes were then activated and embryo development until day 6 was evaluated. According to the results, a higher percentage of oocytes reach the MII stage if they are vitrified before they undergo IVM. Nevertheless, the medium used and the sample size determine whether these differences become significant or not. Similar survival rates and development to blastocysts were observed in all the conditions studied.
Antibacterial and Antifouling Efficiency of Essential Oils-Loaded Electrospun Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membranes
Authors: Bartošová Lucie , Sedlaříková Jana , Peer Petra , Janalíková Magda , Pleva Pavel
Published: December 2022

Nanofibers have become a promising material in many industries in recent years, mainly due to their various properties. The only disadvantage of nanofibers as a potential filtration membrane is their short life due to clogging by bacteria in water treatment. The enrichment of nanofibers with active molecules could prevent these negative effects, represented by essential oils components such as Thymol, Eugenol, Linalool, Cinnamaldehyde and Carvacrol. Our study deals with the preparation of electrospun polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-based nanofibers with incorporated essential oils, their characterization, testing their antibacterial properties and the evaluation of biofilm formation on the membrane surface. The study of the nanofibers’ morphology points to the nanofibers’ diverse fiber diameters ranging from 570 to 900 nm. Besides that, the nanofibers were detected as hydrophobic material with wettability over 130°. The satisfactory results of PVDF membranes were observed in nanofibers enriched with Thymol and Eugenol that showed their antifouling activity against the tested bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Therefore, these PVDF membranes could find potential applications as filtration membranes in healthcare or the environment.
Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Flexible Scaffold as Bitopic Ligands for Potent D3-Selective Antagonists
Authors: Kim Ho Young , Lee Ji Youn , Hsieh Chia-Ju , Taylor Michelle , Luedtke Robert R. , Mach Robert H.
Published: December 2022

Previous studies have confirmed that the binding of D3 receptor antagonists is competitively inhibited by endogenous dopamine despite excellent binding affinity for D3 receptors. This result urges the development of an alternative scaffold that is capable of competing with dopamine for binding to the D3 receptor. Herein, an SAR study was conducted on metoclopramide that incorporated a flexible scaffold for interaction with the secondary binding site of the D3 receptor. The alteration of benzamide substituents and secondary binding fragments with aryl carboxamides resulted in excellent D3 receptor affinities (Ki = 0.8–13.2 nM) with subtype selectivity to the D2 receptor ranging from 22- to 180-fold. The β-arrestin recruitment assay revealed that 21c with 4-(pyridine-4-yl)benzamide can compete well against dopamine with the highest potency (IC50 = 1.3 nM). Computational studies demonstrated that the high potency of 21c and its analogs was the result of interactions with the secondary binding site of the D3 receptor. These compounds also displayed minimal effects for other GPCRs except moderate affinity for 5-HT3 receptors and TSPO. The results of this study revealed that a new class of selective D3 receptor antagonists should be useful in behavioral pharmacology studies and as lead compounds for PET radiotracer development.
New Therapeutics for HCC: Does Tumor Immune Microenvironment Matter?
Authors: Khanam Arshi , Kottilil Shyam
Published: December 2022

The incidence of liver cancer is continuously rising where hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most common form of liver cancer accounting for approximately 80–90% of the cases. HCC is strongly prejudiced by the tumor microenvironment and being an inflammation-associated condition, the contribution of various immune mechanisms is critical in its development, progression, and metastasis. The tumor immune microenvironment is initially inflammatory which is subsequently replenished by the immunosuppressive cells contributing to tumor immune escape. Regardless of substantial advancement in systemic therapy, HCC has poor prognosis and outcomes attributed to the drug resistance, recurrence, and its metastatic behavior. Therefore, currently, new immunotherapeutic strategies are extensively targeted in preclinical and clinical settings in order to elicit robust HCC-specific immune responses and appear to be quite effective, extending current treatment alternatives. Understanding the complex interplay between the tumor and the immune cells and its microenvironment will provide new insights into designing novel immunotherapeutics to overcome existing treatment hurdles. In this review, we have provided a recent update on immunological mechanisms associated with HCC and discussed potential advancement in immunotherapies for HCC treatment.
Association between Peer Victimization (PV) in Childhood/Adolescence and Personality Disorders among Adult Patients
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Rafael , Fernández-Pereira Carlos , Pérez-Rodríguez Daniel , Salgado-Barreira Angel , García Cesar Veiga , Teso-Cuesta Sara , Prieto-González Jose María , Olivares Díez José Manuel , Agís-Balboa Roberto Carlos
Published: December 2022

Peer Victimization (PV) or being bullied in childhood/adolescence has been associated with several negative outcomes in mental health conditions beyond the time of its occurrence. However, its possible association with personality disorders has been slightly explored. In the present study we have compared the frequency of DSM IV personality disorders among adult patients with (N = 28) or without (N = 418) a reported history of PV. For this purpose, axis II was evaluated with the Self-Report Checklist for Preliminary Items for Major Categories, whereas self-esteem and self-assessment of functioning were evaluated with single questions. Patients with PV history have met the diagnostic criteria of the avoidant (60.7% vs. 12.2%), depressive (28.5% vs. 5.2%) and paranoid (17.9% vs. 5%) personality disorders more frequently than patients without history of PV. Moreover, these patients with antecedents of being bullied have also reported lower self-esteem (2 vs. 3) and in the assessment of social functioning (4 vs. 5). Our study indicated that there is a clear association between PV and avoidant, depressive and paranoid personality patterns. These results suggest that the stress related with the experience of PV threatens a basic psychobiological need such as social acceptance with implications for the beginning of long-term dysfunctional personality trajectories.
Modeling Thermal Developmental Trajectories and Thermal Requirements of the Ladybird Stethorus gilvifrons
Authors: Jafari Maryam , Goldasteh Shila , Aghdam Hossein Ranjbar , Zamani Abbas Ali , Soleyman-Nejadian Ebrahim , Schausberger Peter
Published: December 2022

The development rate of the predatory ladybird, Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant), fed on Tetranychus urticae Koch, was determined at 15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 34, and 38 °C. The total development time from egg to adult emergence for females was estimated to be 61.4, 31.6, 14.4, 13.3, 12.5, and 11.7 days, respectively. The development time decreased with increasing temperature from 15 to 34 °C, but all eggs failed to hatch at 38 °C. The lower temperature threshold (T0) for the entire development period and the thermal constant (K) for female S. gilvifrons were estimated to be 11.64 °C and 194.50 degree-days (DD) using the common linear model, and 11.96 °C and 187.87 DD using the Ikemoto and Takai model, respectively. Data were fitted to 20 non-linear development rate models and the thermal thresholds (Tmin and Tmax) and optimal temperature (Topt) were estimated. Among non-linear models, the Briere-2 and Ikemoto and Takai linear model provided adequate descriptions of the temperature-dependent development of S. gilvifrons. The upper-temperature threshold was estimated to be about 44 °C using the Logan-10 non-linear model. The estimated thermal development characteristics can be used to predict the occurrence and the population dynamics, as well as to improve the mass rearing and release, of S. gilvifrons for the biological control of T. urticae.
Correction: Fan et al. First Evidence of CpGV Resistance of Codling Moth in the USA. Insects 2022, 13, 533
Authors: Fan Jiangbin , Jehle Johannes A. , Rucker Ann , Nielsen Anne L.
Published: December 2022

In the original publication [...]
Survival-Larval Density Relationships in the Field and Their Implications for Control of Container-Dwelling Aedes Mosquitoes
Authors: Evans Katherine G. , Neale Zoey R. , Holly Brendan , Canizela Cecilia C. , Juliano Steven A.
Published: December 2022

Population density can affect survival, growth, development time, and adult size and fecundity, which are collectively known as density-dependent effects. Container Aedes larvae often attain high densities in nature, and those densities may be reduced when larval control is applied. We tested the hypothesis that density-dependent effects on survival are common and strong in nature and could result in maximal adult production at intermediate densities for Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes triseriatus. We surveyed naturally occurring densities in field containers, then introduced larvae at a similar range of densities, and censused the containers for survivors. We analyzed the survival-density relationships by nonlinear regressions, which showed that survival-density relationships vary among seasons, sites, and species. For each Aedes species, some sites and times yielded predictions that larval density reduction would yield the same (compensation), or more (overcompensation), adults than no larval density reduction. Thus, larval control targeting these Aedes species cannot always be assumed to yield a reduction in the number of adult mosquitoes. We suggest that mosquito control targeting larvae may be made more effective by: Imposing maximum mortality; targeting populations when larval abundances are low; and knowing the shape of the survival-density response of the target population.
The First Fossil Record of the Genus Manica Jurine, 1807 from Late Eocene Baltic Amber and Discussion of the Early Evolution of Myrmicini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)
Authors: Zharkov Dmitry , Dubovikoff Dmitry , Abakumov Evgeny
Published: December 2022

The Holarctic genus Manica Jurine, 1807 are mysterious and primitive ants from the tribe Myrmicini of the subfamily Myrmicinae. The first fossil species of this genus, †Manica andrannae Zharkov and Dubovikoff, sp. n. is described from the Baltic amber (ca. 33.9–37.8 million years ago). X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) was used to access morphological features and accurately measure the new species. A straightened and painted 3D model is also proposed as a reconstruction of the worker. The new species differs from all extant species of the genus by the propodeum with a weakly convex dorsum and short, blunt tubercles, and by more angular petiolar node. These features bring it closer to sister genus Myrmica Latreille, 1804. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other species of the genus are discussed. Based on the studied morphological features, the species is closest to the species Manica yessensis Azuma, 1955. The early evolution and paleobiogeography of the tribe Myrmicini are discussed. This finding confirms the origin of the genus Manica at least in the Eocene epoch.
The Role of Honey Bee Derived Aliphatic Esters in the Host-Finding Behavior of Varroa destructor
Authors: Liu Jiamei , Zhang Ruonan , Tang Rui , Zhang Yi , Guo Rui , Xu Guojun , Chen Dafu , Huang Zachary Y. , Chen Yanping , Han Richou , Li Wenfeng
Published: December 2022

Varroa destructor is an obligate ectoparasite of honey bees and shifted from its original host Apis cerana to the new host Apis mellifera in the first half of the twentieth century. The host shift has resulted in a great threat to the health and survival of A. mellifera colonies worldwide. Chemical signals play a crucial role in all aspects of the Varroa life cycle, including host finding. However, the chemical cues that affect the host finding behavior of Varroa mites are still not fully understood. In this study, we systematically profiled the headspace volatiles of both worker and drone larvae of the two honey bee species by using solid phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), and then used electrophysiological recording and Y-tube olfactometer bioassay to study the potential roles of the selected compounds. The chemical profiling showed that there were four aliphatic esters, ethyl myristate (EM), methyl palmitate (MP), ethyl palmitate (EP), and ethyl oleate (EO) commonly detected from all four types of larval hosts. Among them, EM was a new substance identified from honey bee headspace volatiles. Results from electrophysiological recordings indicated that all the aliphatic esters could elicit significant responses of Varroa pit organs on its forelegs. Moreover, behavioral analyses revealed that EM could significantly attract V. destructor at a medium dosage (10 µg), while MP had no observable effect on the mites and both EP and EO were able to repel the parasites. Our findings suggest an important role of host-derived aliphatic esters in Varroa host finding, and provide new chemicals for Varroa monitoring and control.
6LiF Converters for Neutron Detection: Production Procedures and Detector Tests
Authors: Massara Antonio , Amaducci Simone , Cosentino Luigi , Longhitano Fabio , Marchetta Carmelo , Poma Gaetano Elio , Ursino Martina , Finocchiaro Paolo
Published: December 2022

Several methods to detect thermal neutrons make use of the naturally occurring 6Li isotope, as it has a rather high cross-section for neutron capture followed by a decay into an alpha particle and a triton. Due to the high chemical reactivity of lithium, the use of the stable isotopic salt 6LiF is generally preferred to the pure 6Li. The typical method for depositing thin layers of 6LiF on suitable substrates, therefore creating so-called neutron converters, is evaporation under vacuum. The evaporation technique, as well as a newly developed chemical deposition process, are described along with their benefits and drawbacks, and the results of neutron detection tests performed with the two types of converters coupled to silicon diodes show convenient performances.
Muon Radiography Investigations in Boreholes with a Newly Designed Cylindrical Detector
Authors: D’Errico Mariaelena , Ambrosino Fabio , Cimmino Luigi , Masone Vincenzo , Mirra Marco , Saracino Giulio , Roscilli Lorenzo
Published: December 2022

Muons are constantly produced in cosmic-rays and reach the Earth surface with a flux of about 160 particles per second per square meter. The abundance of muons with respect to other cosmic particles and their capability to cross dense materials with low absorption rate allow them to be exploited for large scale geological or human-made object imaging. Muon radiography is based on similar principles as X-ray radiography, measuring the surviving rate of muons escaping the target and relating it to the mass distribution inside the object. In the course of decades, after the first application in 1955, the methodology has been applied in several different fields. Muography allows us to measure the internal density distribution of the investigated object, or to simply highlight the presence of void regions by observing any excess of muons. Most of these applications require the detector to be installed below the rock being probed. In case that possible installation sites are not easily accessible by people, common instrumentation cannot be installed. A novel borehole cylindrical detector for muon radiography has been recently developed to deal with these conditions. It has been realized with a cylindrical geometry to fit typical borehole dimensions. Its design maximizes the geometrical acceptance, minimizing the dead spaces by the use of arc-shaped scintillators. The details of the construction and preliminary results of the first usage are described in this paper.
Evaluating Preventive Measures for Flooding from Groundwater: A Case Study
Authors: Kumar Raaghul , Yazdan Munshi Md. Shafwat
Published: December 2022

Groundwater (GW) flooding mechanisms differ from river flooding, both spatially and temporally, and preventative methods against groundwater flooding must take this into account. Although groundwater flooding caused by a rise of river water seldom occurs, it can occasionally become severe and last for a long time if the river is significantly flooded. In the southwest portion of the research domain, Friedrichshafen, Germany, with a few urban communities, the level of the groundwater table was discovered to be roughly 1 m below the surface. In the study region, it is typical for the bottom level of the foundation of a single-story building to extend up to a depth of about 1.5 m. Therefore, flood mitigation methods are taken into account for the southwest portion of the study region. In this study, FEFLOW is used to explore the preventative methods for groundwater flooding caused by river water increase in urban settings, the spread of contamination, and the strategizing of effective mitigation solutions for flooding. The installation of a pumping well, drainage, and a barrier in the affected area are three different flood control strategies that are taken into consideration for the study area. Pumping well installation, reducing up to 1.5 m of hydraulic head, was found to be the most effective flood control measure locally in a small region. By contrast, removing groundwater by building drainage and barriers was shown to be ineffective for lowering the groundwater table over an extended region, and was significantly more expensive than the installation of wells. Additionally, when river flooding is taken into account, compared to the default scenario where no intake of water from the river is included along the western border of the study area, it was discovered that the spread of pollution (nitrate concentration) is significantly greater.
Diabetes, Hypertension, and Comorbidity among Bangladeshi Adults: Associated Factors and Socio-Economic Inequalities
Authors: Kundu Satyajit , Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Kabir Humayun , Al Banna Md. Hasan , Hagan Jr. John Elvis , Srem-Sai Medina , Wang Lina
Published: December 2022

Diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity are still crucial public health challenges that Bangladeshis face. Nonetheless, very few studies have been conducted to examine the associated factors, especially the socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity in Bangladesh. This study explored the prevalence of, factors connected with, and socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity among Bangladeshi adults. We used the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data set of 2017–2018. A total of 12,136 (weighted) Bangladeshi adults with a mean age of 39.5 years (±16.2) participated in this study. Multilevel (mixed-effect) logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain the determinants of diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity, where clusters were considered as a level-2 factor. The concentration curve (CC) and concentration index (CIX) were utilized to investigate the inequalities in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity. The weighted prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity was 10.04%, 25.70%, and 4.47%, respectively. Age, body mass index, physical activity, household wealth status, and diverse administrative divisions were significantly associated with diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity among the participants. Moreover, participants’ smoking statuses were associated with hypertension. Women were more prone to hypertension and comorbidity than men. Diabetes (CIX: 0.251, p < 0.001), hypertension (CIX: 0.071, p < 0.001), and comorbidity (CIX: 0.340, p < 0.001) were higher among high household wealth groups. A pro-wealth disparity in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity was found. These inequalities in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity emphasize the necessity of designing intervention schemes geared towards addressing the rising burden of these diseases.
Fetal Tibial Artery Doppler in Late IUGR Fetuses: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Norvilaitė Kristina , Ramašauskaitė Diana , Bartkevičienė Daiva , Šliachtenko Aleksandra , Kurmanavičius Juozas
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Late-onset intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) is a common pregnancy complication diagnosed in 5–10% of pregnant women worldwide. Under the impact of hypoxia, the fetus develops a protective mechanism of adaptive changes occurring in the cerebral circulation (“brain-sparing effect”). Materials and methods: We conducted detailed longitudinal Doppler examinations and the monitoring of the fetal condition in 53 IUGR fetuses. Doppler measurements of the pulsatility index in the fetal tibial (TA-PI), umbilical (UA-PI), and middle cerebral arteries (MCA-PI) were performed, and the cerebral placental ratio (CPR) was determined on a weekly basis from the 33rd week to the birth. Results: The longitudinal analysis showed a significant increase in the TA-PI. The UA showed a plateau, but no increase was detected near term. The MCA-PI and CPR showed a progressive decrease in values from inclusion to delivery. Our findings indicate that the increase in the TA-PI was the first sign of the aggravating state of the fetus with the changes registered from the 35th week. The parameters of the UA-PI did not show significant changes, while the MCA and CPR became abnormal later from the 37th week. Conclusions: These observations can serve towards the development of guidelines for detecting the deteriorating signs and intervention timing in IUGR during late pregnancies.
Drug-Coated Balloon versus Plain Balloon Angioplasty in the Treatment of Infrainguinal Vein Bypass Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Isaji Toshihiko , Hosoi Yutaka , Kogure Kota , Ichikawa Yohei , Fujimaki Keisuke , Ikezoe Toru , Nunokawa Masao , Kubota Hiroshi
Published: December 2022

The optimal endovascular therapy for vein graft stenosis (VGS) following infrainguinal arterial bypass is yet to be established. Drug-coated balloons (DCB) have rapidly improved the inferior patency outcomes of angioplasty using a conventional plain balloon (PB). This study compares the efficacy of DCBs and PBs for the treatment of infrainguinal VGS. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Multiple electronic searches were conducted in consultation with a health science librarian in September 2022. Studies describing the comparative outcomes of angioplasty using DCBs and PBs in the treatment of infrainguinal VGS were eligible. Datasets from one randomized controlled trial and two cohort studies with a total of 179 patients were identified. The results indicated no significant difference in target lesion revascularization between DCBs and PBs (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.32–1.28; p = 0.21), with no significant heterogeneity between studies. Additionally, differences in primary patency, assisted primary patency, secondary patency, and graft occlusion were not significant. Subgroup analysis showed similar effects for different DCB devices. In conclusion, DCBs showed no significant benefit in the treatment of VGS compared to PBs. Given the small population size of this meta-analysis, future trials with a larger population are desired.
Decline in Maxillofacial Injuries during the Pandemic: The Hidden Face of COVID-19
Authors: Kasem Adi , Redenski Idan , Oren Daniel , Zoabi Adeeb , Srouji Samer , Kablan Fares
Published: December 2022

Maxillofacial injuries result from a variety of daily activities. Traffic accidents, interpersonal violence, and falls represent some of the most common etiological factors behind maxillofacial fractures. During the COVID-19 outbreak, the social distancing measures imposed by healthcare authorities aimed at abolishing the spread of the viral infection. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of social distancing measures on the incidence of maxillofacial injuries. Methods: Data were retrieved from the medical file registry at the Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel. Incidence, gender, age, etiology, and cost of hospitalization during the COVID-19 lockdown and the previous periods were retrieved. Results: A decrease in maxillofacial fractures was registered during the 2020 lockdown; younger patients had the largest share of maxillofacial traumas during this period. The midface was the most involved facial region in both periods, and a reduction of 62.3% in the cost of OMF fracture treatment was observed during the COVID-19 era. Conclusions: The occurrence, etiology, and cost of treatment of maxillofacial injuries during the COVID-19 period were different from those in the corresponding period in the pre-COVID-19 era. These results can provide a guide to help design programs for the prevention of OMF trauma.
In Vitro Degradation and Photoactivated Antibacterial Activity of a Hemin-CaP Microsphere-Loaded Coating on Pure Magnesium
Authors: Long Lixin , Song Yang , Tian Xiaoyi , Cui Lanyue , Liu Chengbao , Li Shuoqi , Wang Yu , Zeng Rongchang
Published: December 2022

Photoactivated sterilization has received more attention in dealing with implant-associated infections due to its advantages of rapid and effective bacteriostasis and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Herein, a micro-arc oxidation (MAO)/polymethyltrimethoxysilane (PMTMS)@hemin-induced calcium-bearing phosphate microsphere (Hemin-CaP) coating was prepared on pure magnesium (Mg) via MAO processing and dipping treatments. The morphology and composition of the coating were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. Corrosion behavior was evaluated through electrochemical and hydrogen evolution tests. The release of Fe3+ ions at different immersion times was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Antibacterial performance and cytotoxicity were assessed using the spread plate method, MTT assay and live/dead staining experiment. The results showed that the corrosion current density of the MAO/PMTMS@(Hemin-CaP) coating (4.41 × 10−8 A·cm−2) was decreased by two orders of magnitude compared to that of pure Mg (3.12 × 10−6 A·cm−2). Photoactivated antibacterial efficiencies of the Hemin-CaP microspheres and MAO/PMTMS@(Hemin-CaP) coating reached about 99% and 92%, respectively, which we attributed to the photothermal and photodynamic properties of hemin with a porphyrin ring. Moreover, based on the release of Fe3+ ions, the MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts’ viability reached up to 125% after a 72 h culture, indicating a positive effect of the coating in promoting cell growth. Thus, this novel composite coating holds a promising application as bone implants.
Influence of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Beads’ Geometry and Building Strategy: Mechanical and Structural Behavior of ER70S-6 Prismatic Blocks
Authors: Elsokaty Ahmed , Oraby Omar , Sadek Sameha , Salem Hanadi G.
Published: December 2022

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with high deposition rates has attracted industry interest for the demonstrated economic production of medium-to-large-scale metallic components. The structural integrity and mechanical properties of the built parts depend on the selection of the optimum deposition parameters and the tool path strategy. In this study, an alternate orthogonal deposition strategy was employed. The influence of the beads’ geometry and the associated heat input on the mechanical and structural behavior of mild steel (ER70S-6) were investigated. The influence of the bead width (BW) and the overlapping percentage (OP) between the adjacent beads on the average and layer-by-layer hardness of the blocks along the building direction were evaluated. Tensile strength was also characterized. The alternate orthogonal building strategy enhanced the geometrical uniformity of the built blocks and the microstructural isotropy along the building direction. Increasing the BW increased the total heat input per bead per layer, which significantly reduced the hardness and tensile strength of the built blocks by 19% and 17% compared to 8% and 7% when increasing the OP, respectively. Total heat input, number of heating cycles, and cooling rates triggered the phases formed, and their morphologies along the building direction were also characterized.
Simulation and Experimental Study of Degradation of Polymetallic Nodules in Deep-Sea Multi-Stage Lifting Motor Pump
Authors: Li Yan , Li Ziyuan , Liang Kesen
Published: December 2022

The impeller blades will continually strike the slurry mixture inside the pump, causing deterioration and a change in particle size. In this study, the degradation of mineral particles under various cycle times, rotational speeds, and flow rates is analyzed. The microscopic parameters of polymetallic nodules are calibrated by EDEM, and the transport of polymetallic nodules in the deep-sea lifting electric pump is simulated based on the coupled CFD-DEM solution of solid–liquid two-phase flow. The findings demonstrate that: the number of cycles through the pump has the greatest impact on particle degradation, and the number of fine particles significantly increases after the particles are impacted by the six-stage lifting electric pump several times; the higher the flow rate in the lifting electric pump, the faster the particles are dragged by the fluid, and the more easily the particles degrade; the faster the impeller speed of the lifting electric pump.