bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Early Breast Cancer Patients: Evidence, Controversies, Consensus: Focusing on Systemic Therapy – German Experts’ Opinions for the 16th International St. Gallen Consensus Conference (Vienna 2019)
Authors: Lüftner Diana , Bauerfeind Ingo , Braun Michael , Brucker Sara Y. , Fasching Peter A. , Felberbaum Ricardo , Hagemann Friederike , Haidinger Renate , Harbeck Nadia , Hönig Arnd , Huober Jens , Jackisch Christian , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Kühn Thorsten , Maass Nicolai , Reimer Toralf , Schneeweiss Andreas , Schumacher-Wulf Eva , Schütz Florian , Thomssen Christoph , Untch Michael , Wuerstlein Rachel , Thill Marc
Published: September 2019

A German working group of leading breast cancer experts have discussed the votes at the International St. Gallen Consensus Conference in Vienna for the treatment of primary breast cancer with regard to the German AGO (Ar­beitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie) recommendations for clinical practice in Germany. Three of the German breast cancer experts were also members of this year’s St. Gallen panel. Comparing the St. Gallen recommendations with the annually updated treatment recommendations of the Gynecological Oncology Working Group (AGO Mamma 2019) and the German S3 Guideline is useful, because the recommendations of the St. Gallen panel are based on expert opinions of different countries and disciplines. The focus of this article is on systemic therapy. The motto of this year’s 16th St. Gallen Consensus Conference was “Estimating the magnitude of clinical benefit.” The rationale behind this motto is that, for every treatment decision, a benefit-risk assessment must be taken into consideration for each patient.
Immediate versus Delayed Contralateral Breast Symmetrisation in Breast Reconstruction with Latissimus dorsi Flap: A Comparative Study
Authors: Giordano Salvatore , Harkkila Sofia , Oranges Carlo M. , di Summa Pietro G. , Koskivuo Ilkka
Published: September 2019

To achieve symmetry in unilateral free flap breast reconstruction often requires a contralateral procedure. There is no evidence in the literature to support the benefit of immediate contralateral breast symmetrisation concomitant to breast reconstruction. We hypothesized that performing a simultaneous contralateral balancing operation at the time as the initial reconstruction might provide immediate symmetry and minimize the frequency of secondary procedures. Thus, we performed a comparative study on this issue. A comparative retrospective study was conducted on 78 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral breast reconstruction surgery with latissimus dorsi (LD) flap and contralateral breast symmetrisation from January 2014 to June 2016 at Turku University Hospital. Exclusion criteria included other breast reconstruction techniques and no contralateral symmetrisation at follow-up. The patients were divided according to the timing of contralateral breast balancing operation into an immediate versus a delayed group. Postoperative complications, outcomes, and re-operations were compared. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the groups except for comorbidity, which was significantly higher in the immediate group. Mastectomy weights (735.6 vs. 390.7 g, p = 0.015), contralateral breast reduction weights (268.3 vs. 105.8 g, p = 0.014), and implant size (218.9 vs. 138.9 g, p = 0.001) were significantly larger in the immediate group. No significant differences in any kind of complications were detected. Similarly, the rates of re-operations were similar among the groups (24.0 vs. 43.3%, p = 0.134). Performing immediate symmetrisation at the time of breast reconstruction is safe and feasible in autologous LD breast reconstructions, where 76% did not require a second operation for symmetry. There were no differences in the rate of any re-operation and, therefore, performance of simultaneous contralateral reduction is a reasonable option.
Nonsyndromic Split-Hand/Foot Malformation: Recent Classification
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Hayat Amir
Published: September 2019

Split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a genetic limb anomaly disturbing the central rays of the autopod. SHFM is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with variable expressivity inherited as syndromic and nonsyndromic forms. We provide an update of the clinical and molecular aspects of nonsyndromic SHFM. This rare condition is highly complex due to the clinical variability and irregular genetic inheritance observed in the affected individuals. Nonsyndromic SHFM types have been reviewed in terms of major molecular genetic alterations reported to date. This updated overview will assist researchers, scientists, and clinicians in making an appropriate molecular diagnosis, providing an accurate recurrence risk assessment, and developing a management plan.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report
Authors: Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Asano Yuka , Ishihara Sae , Morisaki Tamami , Takashima Tsutomu , Tanaka Sayaka , Amano Ryosuke , Ohsawa Masahiko , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi
Published: September 2019

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) are malignant tumors that most often occur in the salivary glands and bronchi, with occurrence in the breast being rare. ACCs of the breast reportedly give rise to few lymph node metastases or distant metastases and have a favorable prognosis. A 56-year-old woman with a left breast mass identified by mammographic screening was examined at our institute. Breast ultrasound revealed a sharply marginated, hypoechoic mass 12.7 × 9.4 × 8.7 mm in size in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast, and a vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) was performed at the mass site. Pathological examination of the VAB specimen revealed atypical cells with a cribriform growth pattern, and mucosal fluid surrounding tumor nests and within tumor ducts. The area around the tumor nests and inside of tumor ducts were also positively stained with alcian blue. These findings, we reached a pathological diagnosis of ACC. The preoperative diagnosis was stage I (cT1N0M0) triple-negative left breast cancer. Surgery consisted of breast-conserving surgery and sentinel node biopsy. The excised specimen was a 15.0 × 12.1 × 9.7 mm mass with a greyish white cut surface. Pathological examination of the excised specimen revealed a so-called adenoid cystic pattern. Results from immunohistochemical staining were identical to those from a VAB specimen, as they were estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptors-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, with low Ki67 expression. The final diagnosis, given the above findings, was left breast cancer (ACC) pT1N0M0 stage I triple-negative subtype.
LITAF (Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor) Regulates Cardiac L-Type Calcium Channels by Modulating NEDD (Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Downregulated Protein) 4-1 Ubiquitin Ligase
Authors: Moshal Karni S. , Roder Karim , Kabakov Anatoli Y. , Werdich Andreas A. , Chiang David Yi-Eng , Turan Nilüfer N. , Xie An , Kim Tae Yun , Cooper Leroy L. , Lu Yichun , Zhong Mingwang , Li Weiyan , Terentyev Dmitry , Choi Bum-Rak , Karma Alain , MacRae Calum A. , Koren Gideon
Published: September 2019

Background:

The turnover of cardiac ion channels underlying action potential duration is regulated by ubiquitination. Genome-wide association studies of QT interval identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in or near genes involved in protein ubiquitination. A genetic variant upstream of LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor) gene prompted us to determine its role in modulating cardiac excitation.

Methods:

Optical mapping was performed in zebrafish hearts to determine Ca
2+
transients. Live-cell confocal calcium imaging was performed on adult rabbit cardiomyocytes to determine intracellular Ca
2+
handling. L-type calcium channel (LTCC) current (
I
Ca,L
) was measured using whole-cell recording. To study the effect of LITAF on Cav1.2 (L-type voltage-gated calcium channel 1.2) channel expression, surface biotinylation, and Westerns were performed. LITAF interactions were studied using coimmunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay.

Results:

LITAF knockdown in zebrafish resulted in a robust increase in calcium transients. Overexpressed LITAF in 3-week-old rabbit cardiomyocytes resulted in a decrease in
I
Ca,L
and Cavα1c abundance, whereas LITAF knockdown increased
I
Ca,L
and Cavα1c protein. LITAF-overexpressing decreases calcium transients in adult rabbit cardiomyocytes, which was associated with lower Cavα1c levels. In tsA201 cells, overexpressed LITAF downregulated total and surface pools of Cavα1c via increased Cavα1c ubiquitination and its subsequent lysosomal degradation. We observed colocalization between LITAF and LTCC in tsA201 and cardiomyocytes. In tsA201, NEDD (
neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein
) 4-1, but not its catalytically inactive form NEDD4-1-C867A, increased Cavα1c ubiquitination. Cavα1c ubiquitination was further increased by coexpressed LITAF and NEDD4-1 but not NEDD4-1-C867A. NEDD4-1 knockdown abolished the negative effect of LITAF on
I
Ca,L
and Cavα1c levels in 3-week-old rabbit cardiomyocytes. Computer simulations demonstrated that a decrease of
I
Ca,L
current associated with LITAF overexpression simultaneously shortened action potential duration and decreased calcium transients in rabbit cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions:

LITAF acts as an adaptor protein promoting NEDD4-1–mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of LTCC, thereby controlling LTCC membrane levels and function and thus cardiac excitation.
A review of Hybalus Dejean from Tunisia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae) with description of a new species
Authors: FROLOV ANDREY , AKHMETOVA LILIA , MONTREUIL OLIVIER
Published: September 2019

The scarab beetles of the subfamily Orphninae Erichson are the most diverse in the tropics (Paulian 1948; Frolov 2012). Yet there are two genera occurring in the Palearctic Region, Hybalus Dejean, 1833 and Chaetonyx Schaum, 1862. Of them, the former is rather speciose and comprises 37 species distributed mostly in the Atlas Mountains of North Africa (Baraud 1991; López-Colón 2006; López Colón & Bahillo de la Puebla 2014; Bezděk 2016). Adult Hybalus are all apterous and most of the species have rather restricted ranges or are known from single localities. The beetles are similar externally and only a few species have distinctive features of the head or anterior legs in males; the most important and, in majority of species, the only reliable character to differentiate species is the shape of the parameres (Petrovitz 1964; Baraud 1991).
Heyuanninae clade nov., a replacement name for the oviraptorid subfamily “Ingeniinae” Barsbold, 1981
Authors: YUN CHAN-GYU
Published: September 2019

Barsbold (1981) erected Ingenia yanshini Barsbold, 1981 for a nearly complete oviraptorid skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) Barun Goyot Formation in Ömnögov, southern Mongolia. Moreover, he erected a subfamily-level clade Ingeniinae Barsbold, 1981 to distinguish Ingenia yanshini from other oviraptorids such as Oviraptor philoceratops Osborn, 1924 (Barsbold, 1981). When Barsbold first erected the subfamily, he considered this subfamily as monotypic (Barsbold, 1981) but now this subfamily comprisesmultiple taxa such as Machairasaurus leptonychus Longrich, Currie, and Dong, 2010 and Heyuannia huangi Lü, 2002.
New erythroneurine leafhopper species from the Australian realm (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)
Authors: CAO YANGHUI , DMITRIEV DMITRY A. , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H. , ZHANG YALIN
Published: September 2019

Generic characteristics of three Australian erythroneurine genera are revised based on three new species: Baya lata, Zinga longa and Pettya tenuis spp. nov. Male genitalia characteristics of genus Pettya Kirkaldy are described for the first time.
A new species of the genus Mawenzhena Alexis & Delpont (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Goliathini) from South Korea
Authors: KIM JIHOON , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: September 2019

Genus, Mawenzhena Alexis & Delpont (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Goliathini), is reported from Korean Peninsula for the first time with the description of a new species, Mawenzhena Koreana J.H. Kim & Jung, sp. nov. Description of the new species, diagnosis for the members of the genus and a key to the Korean genera of the subtribe Coryphocerina are provided together with photographs of adult specimens and male genitalia.
Singular Extreme Events and Their Attribution to Climate Change: A Climate Service–Centered Analysis
Authors: Jézéquel Aglaé , Dépoues Vivian , Guillemot Hélène , Rajaud Amélie , Trolliet Mélodie , Vrac Mathieu , Vanderlinden Jean-Paul , Yiou Pascal
Published: September 2019

Extreme event attribution (EEA) proposes scientific diagnostics on whether and how a specific weather event is (or is not) different in the actual world from what it could have been in a world without climate change. This branch of climate science has developed to the point where European institutions are preparing the ground for an operational attribution service. In this context, the goal of this article is to explore a panorama of scientist perspectives on their motivations to undertake EEA studies. To do so, we rely on qualitative semi-structured interviews of climate scientists involved in EEA, on peer-reviewed social and climate literature discussing the usefulness of EEA, and on reports from the EUCLEIA project (European Climate and Weather Events: Interpretation and Attribution), which investigated the possibility of building an EEA service. We propose a classification of EEA’s potential uses and users and discuss each of them. We find that, first, there is a plurality of motivations and that individual scientists disagree on which one is most useful. Second, there is a lack of solid, empirical evidence to back up any of these motivations.
Performing Ellen: Mojisola Adebayo’s Moj of the Antarctic: An African Odyssey (2008) and Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom; Or, the Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery (1860)
Authors: Scafe Suzanne
Published: September 2019

The subject of Mojisola Adebayo’s one-woman performance, Moj of the Antarctic: An African Odyssey, is Ellen Craft, an ex-slave whose escape from the slave-owning state of Georgia to England in the late 1840s is recounted in the escape narrative Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom; Or, the Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery. Rather than using her performance to present her biographical subject with an interiority the original slave narrative scarcely offers her, Adebayo reconstitutes Ellen and relocates her in an auto/biographical work that self-consciously blurs the boundaries between autobiography, biography, and biofiction, thus exposing the overlap and interdependency of these textual forms. Through a detailed analysis of both texts and their contexts, this essay argues that Adebayo constructs a figurative, first person auto/biography of Ellen Craft, a “call and response” production, originating in an “intimate, somatic engagement with the body of another”, whose “touch” sets up a fluid process of identification. Her work performs a textual revision of the slave narrative genre and its rich, socio-cultural contexts. As a performed, auto/biographical reimagining of Ellen Craft’s flight from slavery Moj of the Antarctic, like Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom, transgresses multiple borders and, in the process, subverts expectations of what constitutes an authentic self. It deconstructs conventionally defined categories of race, gender, and sexuality and radically extends the Crafts’ own examination of the meaning of freedom.
The inter-Indigenous encounter
Authors: Moore Dashiell
Published: September 2019

There exists an extensive amount of research in the fields of anthropology, literary studies, and philosophy driven by settler-oriented comparisons between Indigenous nations that verified the representation of Indigenous peoples as Other. Meanwhile, the amount of scholarly works on comparative Indigenous literary encounters in the last decade is worthy of note as indicative of the emergence of a planetary decolonial consciousness. To present an argument as to the need to think of the planetary agency of Indigenous writers, I will closely examine the variety of poetic strategies utilized by Yankunytjatjara poet Ali Cobby Eckermann of South Australia, and Yoogum and Kudjela poet Lionel Fogarty of Southern Queensland, in their writing towards other Indigenous peoples from Gaelic Ireland, and the Pacific. This serves two crucial interventions, puncturing through the deficit discourse that essentializes the poethical contribution of Aboriginal writers, and developing comparative strategies for future Indigenous-to-Indigenous encounters.
Learning From Students, Teachers, and Schools: Field-Based Teacher Education for Emergent Bilingual Learners
Authors: Heineke Amy J. , Giatsou Elina
Published: September 2019

Today’s schools are more culturally and linguistically diverse than ever before, prompting the need for teachers with the requisite expertise for work with emergent bilingual learners. As students grow in numbers and fill seats in classrooms spanning grades and disciplines, teacher educators must consider ways to prepare an increasing number of teachers, including those spanning licensure areas. This research probed one university’s efforts to prepare all teacher candidates for this growing subgroup of students through a field-based undergraduate teacher education program in the urban Midwest. Using artifact data from 29 program completers and survey and interview data from five focal teachers spanning licensure areas, this study investigated how particular facets of the field-based program promoted or deterred candidates’ learning across the 4-year program and into teachers’ first year of teaching. Implications center on how universities can leverage field-based teacher education to prepare future teachers for diverse classrooms.
Simulation study of two-dimensional viscoelastic imaging of soft tissues using the extended Kalman filter for tumor detection
Authors: Luong Quang-Hai , Tran Duc-Tan , Trung Nguyen Linh , Huynh Huu Tue , Do Minh N
Published: September 2019

The mechanical properties of tissues in terms of elasticity and viscosity provide useful information for tumor detection. Recently, shear wave imaging has been developed to quantify tissue elasticity by estimating the parameters of the complex shear modulus (CSM). The current challenges of CSM estimation are estimation accuracy, computational complexity, and dealing with heterogeneous media. In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional CSM imaging method based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Firstly, particle velocities at spatial locations are acquired by using a Doppler ultrasound system. Then, the EKF is used to estimate the CSM at each spatial point, and hence for an area of interest using ray scanning. Finally, the CSM images are also enhanced using several image processing algorithms. Simulated experiment and performance studies are carried out to confirm the quality of the proposed method.
Differences in Perceived Waiting Time by Health Insurance Type in the Inpatient Sector: An Analysis of Patients With Breast Cancer in Germany
Authors: Lee Susan , Gross Sophie E. , Pfaff Holger , Dresen Antje
Published: September 2019

Although the relationship between health insurance and waiting time has been established in the ambulatory sector in Germany, research in the inpatient sector is limited. This study aims to contribute to previous work through analyzing differences in perceived waiting time by health insurance type during the inpatient stays of patients with breast cancer in Germany. This study utilizes cross-sectional data from 2017 of patients with breast cancer (N = 4626) who underwent primary breast cancer surgery in a certified breast care center in Germany. Results from multilevel logistic regression models indicate a significant effect of health insurance status on perceived waiting time, net of other relevant factors (patient’s sociodemographic background, Union for International Cancer Control stage, grading, self-reported and classified health, type of surgery, and chemotherapy). Patients with statutory insurance were significantly more likely than privately insured patients to report long waiting times for examinations/procedures, discharge, and to speak with the physician. There were no significant differences in waiting time for nursing staff between private and statutory insurance holders. Results align with previous findings in the ambulatory sector and suggest a private health insurance advantage, with private patients receiving priority to some health care services. Disparities in health care accessibility and quality need to continue to be addressed and discussed, as well as the impact of health insurance type on other indicators of health.
Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Hematolymphoid System
Authors: Willard-Mack Cynthia L. , Elmore Susan A. , Hall William C. , Harleman Johannes , Kuper C. Frieke , Losco Patricia , Rehg Jerold E. , Rühl-Fehlert Christine , Ward Jerrold M. , Weinstock Daniel , Bradley Alys , Hosokawa Satoru , Pearse Gail , Mahler Beth W. , Herbert Ronald A. , Keenan Charlotte M.
Published: September 2019

The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative changes in rats and mice. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying changes observed in the hematolymphoid organs, including the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, and other lymphoid tissues (serosa-associated lymphoid clusters and tertiary lymphoid structures) with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of the lesions. Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. The nomenclature for these organs is divided into 3 terminologies: descriptive, conventional, and enhanced. Three terms are listed for each diagnosis. The rationale for this approach and guidance for its application to toxicologic pathology are described in detail below.
‘Wave Elections’, Charisma and Transformational Governance in India
Authors: Rai Praveen
Published: September 2019

After India’s General Election of 2014, political analysts coined the term ‘Modi wave’ to depict the phenomenon of a strong leader who manages to obtain a major gain in a landslide victory. Still wondering whether this would be a one-off phenomenon, analysts found in 2019 to their surprise that India’s most recent Parliamentary elections created a repeat wave. The article theorises the concept of ‘wave election’ and revisits earlier Indian elections to track the appearance of such waves. It then proceeds to examine what may make the most recent Modi ‘wave’ pertinent for future analysis, suggesting that more attention to the phenomenon of charisma and wider transformational agenda of governance rather than excessive focus on religion and saffron elements may be crucial to understand what is happening in India.
Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation modulates the balance between ignoring and updating according to baseline working memory ability
Authors: Fallon Sean James , Kienast Annika , Muhammed Kinan , Ang Yuen-siang , Manohar Sanjay G , Husain Masud
Published: September 2019

Background:

Working memory (WM) deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders have often been attributed to altered dopaminergic signalling. Specifically, D2 receptor stimulation is thought to affect the ease with which items can be gated into and out of WM. In addition, this effect has been hypothesised to vary according to baseline WM ability, a putative index of dopamine synthesis levels. Moreover, whether D2 stimulation affects WM vicariously through modulating relatively WM-free cognitive control processes has not been explored.

Aims:

We examined the effect of administering a dopamine agonist on the ability to ignore or update information in WM.

Method:

A single dose of cabergoline (1 mg) was administered to healthy older adult humans in a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. In addition, we obtained measures of baseline WM ability and relatively WM-free cognitive control (overcoming response conflict).

Results:

Consistent with predictions, baseline WM ability significantly modulated the effect that drug administration had on the proficiency of ignoring and updating. High-WM individuals were relatively better at ignoring compared to updating after drug administration. Whereas the opposite occurred in low-WM individuals. Although the ability to overcome response conflict was not affected by cabergoline, a negative relationship between the effect the drug had on response conflict performance and ignoring was observed. Thus, both response conflict and ignoring are coupled to dopaminergic stimulation levels.

Conclusions:

Cumulatively, these results provide evidence that dopamine affects subcomponents of cognitive control in a diverse, antagonistic fashion and that the direction of these effects is dependent upon baseline WM.
The Impact of Real-Time Feedback and Video Analysis on Early Childhood Teachers’ Practice
Authors: Coogle Christan Grygas , Nagro Sarah , Regan Kelley , O’Brien Kristen Merrill , Ottley Jennifer R.
Published: September 2019

We used a multiple-probe single-case research design to examine the effect of a professional development package that included real-time, technology-enhanced, and performance-based feedback and video analysis on three preschool teachers’ use of naturalistic instruction targeting children’s communication and child responses. We also measured the quality of the teachers’ naturalistic instruction targeting children’s communication. The professional development package was effective in enhancing teachers’ use of naturalistic instruction targeting children’s communication. In addition, children responded and teachers enhanced the quality of naturalistic instruction targeting children’s communication. Teachers maintained their use of naturalistic instruction targeting children’s communication upon removal of the intervention condition.
Repeated reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap is an effective surgical strategy for repairing long segmental soft tissue defects of the tibia
Authors: Cui Zelong , Zhang Xuemei , Shou Jiabao , Yin Guoqian
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study was performed to introduce our surgical strategy and experience in applying a repeated reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap (RSFF) to repair large areas of tibial exposure.

Methods

During a 3-year period, 10 patients with a large area of tibial exposure and intact posterior skin and soft tissue after trauma were treated in our hospital using a repeated RSFF. First, most of the area of proximal tibial exposure was covered by an RSFF. Three weeks later, another smaller RSFF was designed from the original flap and rotated to repair the remaining exposed area of the tibial wound.

Results

All 10 patients’ wounds were completely healed after 2 to 4 operations. The wounds had healed well after 6 months. The patients were satisfied in terms of both appearance and function.

Conclusion

The repeated RSFF is a good treatment strategy for patients with large areas of tibial exposure with intact posterior skin and soft tissue.
Pathologic Features of the Intervertebral Disc in Young Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers Confirms Chondrodystrophy Degenerative Phenotype Associated With Genotype
Authors: Murphy Brian G. , Dickinson Peter , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Batcher Kevin , Raverty Stephen , Bannasch Danika
Published: September 2019

Chondrodystrophy results in predictable and progressive biochemical and structural changes to the intervertebral disc, resulting in early onset degeneration and dystrophic mineralization of the disc. Accelerated degeneration and mineralization of the intervertebral disc are common in multiple dog breeds and can result in compromised function, herniation, pain, and a variety of neurological sequelae. A mutation responsible for chondrodystrophy in dogs has been identified as an aberrant fibroblast growth factor 4 ( FGF4) retrogene insertion on chromosome 12 (CFA12) and is associated with short stature of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. Segregation of the CFA12 FGF4 retrogene in this dog breed provides an opportunity to examine the effect of retrogene presence on radiographic and histologic appearance of chondrodystrophic disc degeneration within a single breed. Here we found that in the intervertebral discs isolated from 2 dogs with the CFA12 FGF4 genotype, the nucleus pulposus was largely replaced by cartilaginous tissue, and physaliferous notochordal cells were rarely if ever identified. These findings are in contrast to the normal histologic findings in 2 breed-matched dogs lacking the mutation. The findings are consistent with premature chondroid degeneration of the intervertebral disc and suggest that the presence of the CFA12 FGF4 retrogene is sufficient to cause the chondrodystrophic phenotype.
A New Statue of Senenmut Identified in Manchester
Authors: Price Campbell
Published: September 2019

Publication of the fragmentary lower portion of a limestone seated statue, now in the Manchester Museum (acc. no. 4624), from the 1907 EEF excavations at Deir el-Bahri. Although the name of the individual is not preserved, surviving titles, phraseology and the assertion that the statue was given m ḥswt nt ḫr ḥmt-nṯr ‘as favour of the God’s Wife’ allow the piece to be identified as belonging to Senenmut, the well-known courtier of Queen Hatshepsut, and dates it to the early part of his career before Hatshepsut assumed full kingship.
Whitewashing Capitalism: Mainstream Economics’ Resounding Silence on Race and Racism
Authors: Koechlin Tim
Published: September 2019

This paper is about the gaping silence in mainstream economics regarding the relationship among capitalism, race, racism, and enduring racial inequality in the USA. Racial inequality is a glaring and enduring fact about the US economy. And yet mainstream economics has little to say about race or racism. Gregory Mankiw’s bestselling textbook devotes seven pages to “discrimination.” There is no discussion of racism per se. Mainstream economists and textbooks typically conflate racism and “discrimination,” and reassure the reader that “markets contain a natural remedy for employer discrimination” (Mankiw, 2008: 409). A student is likely to leave ECON 101 (or an economics major) with a sense that “economic science” has “shown” that discrimination is not that big a deal, and that the history of racist plunder and exploitation in the USA (of which there likely has been no discussion) is not relevant to “economics.” I argue here that the mainstream narrative (its assumptions, its logic, its conclusions, and its rhetorical choices and emphases) systematically obscures, dismisses, and ignores essential ways that racial inequality has been (re)produced by US capitalism. Especially striking is the resounding silence about the legacy of racist economic practices—in particular, the ways in which the enormous black/white wealth gap (and its effects) in the USA are linked to centuries of racist exclusion, violence, and plunder. The mainstream narrative thus whitewashes capitalism and exonerates “the market system.” The final section argues for a radical multidisciplinary economics.

JEL classification: J15, D63
A tale of four cities: A semantic analysis comparing the newspaper coverage of air pollution in Hong Kong, London, Pittsburgh, and Tianjin from 2014 to 2017
Authors: Sun Tongxin , Zhong Bu
Published: September 2019

A computer-aided semantic analysis (using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count [LIWC]) examined how newspaper coverage of air pollution from 2014 to 2017 may affect the public agenda in four cities—Hong Kong, London, Pittsburgh, and Tianjin. Results show that after controlling for the real-time air quality, the agenda-setting effect was found in Hong Kong, London, and Pittsburgh, but not Tianjin. Tianjin’s reports also contained more future-framed words but fewer present-framed words than other cities.
Manual Lymphatic Drainage in Postoperative Abdominoplasty With Core Liposuction Patients
Authors: Maningas Talon , Sturm Lindsay , Mangler Angela , Pazdernik Vanessa K.
Published: September 2019

Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) performed by lymphatic massage, in the postoperative period after abdominoplasty with core liposuction, may promote a faster resolution of edema. The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of MLD by assessing the amount of edema at 6 and 8 weeks after abdominoplasty with core liposuction in patients who did or did not receive MLD for 3 weeks. The study used a prospective, comparative design. A total of 20 women aged 30 to 60 years, who underwent an abdominoplasty and core liposuction, were recruited from 2 clinics. Participants were divided into 2 equal groups based on clinic location. All participants wore a standard compression garment for 8 weeks after surgery. Starting at 6 weeks after surgery, the treatment group was treated by a certified lymphedema specialist twice a week for 3 weeks (6 visits). At 6 and 8 weeks after surgery, the waist circumferences of all participants were measured in 3 locations: at the navel, 3 cm above the navel, and 3 cm below the nave. Data from the 2 groups were compared to determine the change in edema. The mean age of participants was 41.6 years (range = 32-59 years) in the treatment group and 40.8 years (range = 30-59 years) in the control group. The mean (SD) reduction in edema between weeks 6 and 8 in the treatment group was 9.8 cm; 1 participant lost 18.2 cm during that period. The mean (SD) reduction in edema between weeks 6 and 8 in the control group was 6.6 cm; a few participants lost 12.0 cm during that period. No differences in mean reductions were found between groups ( P = .11). No differences were found between groups based on clinic location ( P = .84). Our results suggested that receiving MLD after abdominoplasty and core liposuction reduced edema more than the standard compressive garments, but not by a statistically significant amount. Furthermore, differences in the study groups were not dependent on clinic location.
Effects of bio-mimic collagen II-g-hyaluronic acid copolymers on chondrocyte maintenance
Authors: Lee Kuan Wei , Kuan Tang-Ching , Lee Ming Wei , Yang Chen Show , Hwang Lain-Chyr , Chen Ching-Jung , Chang Shwu Jen
Published: September 2019

Extracellular matrix has an important part of the role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, so it is necessary to understand the various interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. Type II collagen and hyaluronic acid are the major structural components of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage, and they are involved in fibril formation, entanglement and binding. The aim of this study was to prepare type II collagen fibrils with surface grafted with hyaluronic acid modified at the reducing end. The topographic pattern of type II collagen fibrils showed a significant change after the surface coupling of hyaluronic acid according to atomic force microscopy scanning. The presence of hyaluronic acid on the type II collagen fibrillar surface was confirmed by the specific binding of nanogold labelled with lectin. No significant increase in cell proliferation was detected by a WST-1 assay. According to histochemical examination, the maintenance of the round shape of chondrocytes and increased glycosaminoglycan secretion revealed that these cell pellets with Col II- g-hyaluronic acid molecules contained un-dedifferentiated chondrocytes in vitro. In the mixture with the 220-kDa Col II- g-hyaluronic acid copolymer, the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan genes in chondrocytes increased as demonstrated by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Experimental results show that the amount of hyaluronic acid added during culturing of chondrocytes can maintain the functionality of chondrocytes and thus allow for increased cell proliferation that is suitable for tissue repair of human cartilage.
Reduced graphene oxide–reinforced gellan gum thermoresponsive hydrogels as a myocardial tissue engineering scaffold
Authors: Zargar Seyed Mohammad , Mehdikhani Mehdi , Rafienia Mohammad
Published: September 2019

Myocardial infarction is one of the most prevalent diseases around the world. Cardiac tissue engineering is a new approach to repair and revive the structure and functionality of cardiac damaged tissue. In this study, gellan gum/reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogels were fabricated, characterized, and evaluated. The hydrogels were prepared using the solvent casting method and characterized via scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Compressive mechanical analysis, injectability as well as electrical conductivity test were run. Furthermore, water swelling and degradation analyses were conducted. MTT assay was performed using rat myoblasts (H9C2) to determine the cytotoxicity of our samples. Results showed that reduced graphene oxide fillers dispersed acceptably and enhanced the compressive modulus and electrical conductivity of gellan gum hydrogels. However, in this regard, compressive strength and ductility were not significantly boosted with reduced graphene oxide addition. The water-swelling ratio (%) rised in the presence of reduced graphene oxide, whereas the degradation rate was not significantly affected by them. Meanwhile, synthesized hydrogels showed suitable injectability. MTT assay results revealed that gellan gum hydrogels containing 1% and 2% reduced graphene oxide were not cytotoxic. According to the findings, gellan gum/2% reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogel can be a promising candidate for repairing and healing infarcted myocardial tissue.
Survivor Testimonies and the Coming to Terms with the Holocaust in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia: The Case of the Ukrainian Nationalists
Authors: Rossoliński-Liebe Grzegorz
Published: September 2019

The question, if and to what extent the Ukrainian nationalists murdered Jews in Volhynia and eastern Galicia during the Holocaust, has haunted Jewish and Ukrainian communities in various countries of the Western world during the entire Cold War. It also puzzled German historians of Eastern Europe and Nazi Germany. Historians, although in theory responsible for investigating and clarifying such difficult aspects of the past, have for various reasons not investigated them or they investigated only other aspects of the Holocaust in Ukraine. This article briefly explains how factions of the Ukrainian diaspora invented a narrative that portrayed Ukrainian nationalists as anti-German and anti-Soviet freedom fighters who did not kill or harm any Jews during the German occupation of Ukraine. In the next step, it shows how testimonies and other sorts of documents left by survivors from Volhynia and eastern Galicia can help historians understand the role that ordinary Ukrainians and the OUN and UPA played in the Shoah in western Ukraine. Finally, it asks why it took Ukrainian, German, Polish, Russian, and other historians so many years to investigate and comprehend the anti-Jewish violence of the Ukrainian nationalists, if relevant documents were collected and made accessible as early as in the middle 1940s.
Rehearsal for Volhynia: Schutzmannschaft Battalion 201 and Hauptmann Roman Shukhevych in Occupied Belorussia, 1942
Authors: Rudling Per Anders
Published: September 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine since the 1990s, guest edited by Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe.

In 2007, Roman Shukhevych (1907–1950), the commander of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), was designated an official Ukrainian state hero. He has since become the object of an elaborate cult of personality. Lauded for his resistance to the Soviet authorities in 1944–1950, Shukhevych is highly controversial in neighbouring Poland for the ethnic cleansing that the UPA carried out in 1943–1944, as he commanded that organization. Over a few months, the UPA killed around ninety thousand Poles, expelling hundreds of thousands of others. The brutal efficiency of this campaign has to be seen in the context of the larger war, not least Shukhevych’s training by Nazi Germany, in particular the military experience he obtained as a captain in the Ukrainian formation Nachtigall, and as a commanding officer in Schutzmannschaft Battalion 201, which served in occupied Belorussia. This article is an attempt at reconstruct Shukhevych’s whereabouts in 1942, in order to establish the context and praxis under which Shukhevych operated until deserting the auxiliary police in January 1943.
In the Eyes of the Beholder: The Complexion of the Shoah in the Lublin District
Authors: Silberklang David
Published: September 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine since the 1990s, guest edited by Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe.

The article addresses sources for understanding the complexion of the Shoah in Poland, through a focus on the Lublin District and Jewish forced labor there. From the opening story of the wedding of Shamai Grajer and Mina Fiszman in Lublin on April 17, 1942, the article extrapolates several central themes: two constants in Nazi policies and Jewish experience—forced population movements and forced labor, the behavior of the various actors involved in the story, and sources. The main individuals involved in the opening story highlight these subjects. Fiszman was a refugee deported in February 1940 from Stettin. Grajer, Fiszman, and Rabbi Zvi Elimelech Talmud, who performed the wedding, had all been selected as forced laborers when the majority of the Jewish community was murdered during the previous month, and they hoped that their labor would help them survive. The behavior of the main German actors in the story, Harry Sturm and Hermann Worthoff, was not uniformly evil, and the behavior of the Jewish actors was not uniformly “heroic.” The Bełżec forced labor complex in 1940 highlights the brutality and murderousness of much of the early forced labor in Poland. Yet, during the deportations to death in 1942 the Jews needed to “unlearn” the lessons of avoiding such labor if they were now to have a hope of surviving. Among the varied sources for this and the subsequent subjects addressed in the article, the Jewish sources provide a sense of what actually happened in these camps and situations.
Experimental Investigations of Spray Characteristics of a Pressure-Swirl Atomizer
Authors: Fan Xiongjie , Liu Cunxi , Mu Yong , Lu Haitao , Yang Jinhu , Xu Gang
Published: September 2019

Spray characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer are investigated using high-speed shadowgraph technique under different pressure drops (Δ P) and fuel temperatures ( T). An image processing method is developed using MATLAB. The results illustrate that the mass flow rate climbs with the increase of Δ P, while the discharge coefficient ( Cd) decreases firstly and then climbs with the increase of Δ P. Δ P has larger effect on the cone angle relative to fuel temperature. With the increase of Δ P, the shape of liquid film changes from ‘onion’ to ‘tulip’ and finally be fully developed spray cone. Meanwhile, the surface of liquid film becomes smoother with the increase of Δ P. The average breakup length climbs, then decreases to nearly a constant value with the increase of Δ P, which is induced by the “Impact wave,” surface wave, and turbulent energy. There are little differences on the shape of the liquid film under different temperatures, and temperature has different influence on breakup length under different Δ P. Both the fuel temperature and Δ P have significant impact on the surface wavelength ( λ) and velocities ( U, V) of surface wave. The width of fuel stream becomes larger with the increase of Δ P and fuel temperature. The results can further deepen the understanding of spray characteristics of pressure-swirl atomizer.
Current alternatives on perceptual learning: introduction to special issue on post-cognitivist approaches to perceptual learning
Authors: Lobo Lorena
Published: September 2019

This special issue is focused on how perceptual learning is understood from a post-cognitivist approach to cognition. The process of perceptual learning is key in our cognitive life and development: we can learn to discriminate environmental aspects and hence adapt ourselves to it, using our resources intelligently. Perceptual learning, according to the classic cognitivist view, is based on the enrichment of passively received stimuli, a linear operation on sensations that results in a representation of the original information. This representation can be useful for other processes that generate an output, like a motor command, for example. On the contrary, alternative approaches to perceptual learning, different from the one depicted in the classic cognitivist theory, share the ideas that perception and action are intrinsically tied and that cognitive processes rely on embodiment and situatedness. These approaches usually claim that mental representations are not useful concepts, at least when portraying a process of perceptual learning. Approaches within post-cognitivism are not a unified theory, but a diversity of perspectives that need to establish a dialogue among their different methodologies. In particular, this special issue is focused on ecological psychology and enactivism as key traditions within the post-cognitivist constellation.
On the Interplay Between Consumer Dispositions and Perceived Brand Globalness: Alternative Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Assessment
Authors: Diamantopoulos Adamantios , Davvetas Vasileios , Bartsch Fabian , Mandler Timo , Arslanagic-Kalajdzic Maja , Eisend Martin
Published: September 2019

Although prior research is congested with constructs intended to capture consumers’ dispositions toward globalization and global/local products, their effects appear to replicate with difficulty, and little is known about the underlying theoretical mechanisms. This investigation revisits the relationship between prominent consumer dispositions (consumer ethnocentrism, cosmopolitanism, global/local identity, globalization attitude) and perceived brand globalness as determinants of consumer responses to global brands. Drawing on selective perception and social identity theories, the authors consider several theory-based model specifications that reflect alternative mechanisms through which key consumer dispositions relate to brand globalness and affect important brand-related outcomes. By employing a flexible model that simultaneously accounts for moderating, mediating, conditional, and direct effects, we empirically test these rival model specifications. A meta-analysis of 264 effect sizes obtained from 13 studies with 23 unique data sets and a total sample of 1,410 consumers raises concerns regarding the (potentially overstated) utility of consumer dispositions for explaining consumer responses to global brands. It also reveals a need for further conceptual contemplation of their function in international consumer research and managerial practice.