bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINASI KOMUNIKASI DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Sudarsana I Komang , I Nengah Aristana  , Yulius Geras
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research: (1) to determine the effect of communication (X1) on employee performance (Y) in the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning in Southwest Sumba Regency, (2) to determine the effect of leadership (X2) on employee performance (Y) in the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning of Southwest Sumba Regency, (3) to find out the independent variables that have a dominant influence on employee performance in the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning of Southwest Sumba Regency, (4) to determine the magnitude of the influence of communication and leadership on employee performance at the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning in Southwest Sumba Regency. The population in this study are employees of the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning in Southwest Sumba Regency, while determining the sample using the Slovin formula so that the samples obtained were as many as 90 people. Data analysis techniques used were quantitative descriptive analysis, validity and reliability tests, classic assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, partial tests, and determination analysis. The analysis shows the regression model Y = 1.545 + 0.205X1 + 0.550X2. The conclusion obtained is communication (X1) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance variables (Y) in the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning in Southwest Sumba Regency, which is indicated by the regression coefficient b1X1 which is positive. Leadership (X2) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance variables (Y) in the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning in Southwest Sumba Regency, which is indicated by the positive coefficient b2X2 regression coefficient. The independent variable that has a dominant influence on employee performance is the leadership variable (X2) that is 0.550 while the communication variable (X1) is 0.205. The magnitude of the influence of communication and leadership on employee performance at the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning in Southwest Sumba is 78.2% while the remaining 21.8% is influenced by other variables outside of this study.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI HOTEL RAMA RESIDENCE PADMA LEGIAN-BALI
Authors: Ni Putu Dhelia Martha Lestari  , I Made Hedy Wartana
Published: June 2022

Increased employee performance can have a positive impact on achieving company goals, so in this case Rama Residence Padma Legian Hotel seeks to improve the performance of its employees to maintain the life of the company and the management must try to improve employee performance by applying a good leadership and communication style. Employee performance is the result of employee work in terms of quality, quantity, working time and cooperation to achieve company organizational goals that have been set by a company. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style on employee performance, the effect of communication on employee performance, how much influence leadership style and communication on employee performance, and which independent variables have a more dominant effect on employee performance. The population in this study amounted to 56 people. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t test, and analysis of determination. The results of the analysis show that leadership style (X1) and communication (X2) have a positive effect on employee performance (Y). This is indicated by the regression equation: Y = 9.360 + 0.093X1 + 0.216X2. The conclusion obtained is that leadership style (X1) has a partially positive influence on employee performance (Y). Communication (X2) has a positive influence partially on employee performance (Y). The influence of leadership style (X1) and communication (X2) on employee performance at Hotel Rama Residence Padma Legian is 21.2%. The independent variable that has the most dominant influence is communication (X2) with a beta coefficient of 0.331.
PENGARUH STRES KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA KARYAWAN DI THE BENE HOTEL KUTA BALI
Authors: I Ketut Gusadi Pranata  , Ni Luh Sili Antari  , NLK Julyanti Paramitha Sari
Published: June 2022

This study aims to analyze and prove the effect of work stress and work motivation on employee morale. Research is a correlational research, which is research that seeks to see whether two or more variables have a relationship or not, as well as the direction of the relationship. The sampling technique uses saturated sampling technique by using all members of the population as a sample. The number of respondents used is 71 employees of The Bene Hotel Kuta Bali. Multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS software version 23. The regression equation obtained is: Y = 16.054 - 0.186X1 + 0.143X2 + ɛ. The results of this study indicate that; 1) job stress has a negative and significant effect on employee morale, 2) work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee morale, 4) job stress and work motivation has an effect of 29.3% on employee morale. Some suggestions that can be conveyed in this study are adjusting job descriptions and job specifications in order to avoid employee work stress, increase direct and indirect motivation and need further research with other variables not examined in this study.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA KARYAWAN PADA DISINI LUXURY SPA AND VILLAS SEMINYAK
Authors: Kadek Yulia Purnitasari  , Dewiwati Sujadi
Published: June 2022

This research aims to find out the influence of communication on employee morale at Disni Luxury Spa And Villas Seminyak. To find out the effect of motivation on employee morale at Disini Luxury Spa And Villas Seminyak. To find out how big the influence of communication and motivation on employee morale at Disini Luxury Spa And Villas Seminyak. To find out which independent variables have a dominant influence on employee morale at Disini Luxury Spa And Villas Seminyak. The sample used was 55 people and this study used a questionnaire in data collection. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, validitty and reliability testing, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test analysis, coefficient of determination, and standardized coefficient beta. The results of the analysis produce a regressio equation model Y = -4.370 + 0.813X1 + 0.333X2. This study resulted in four conclusions, namely (1) there is a partially positive and significant influence of communication on employee morale. (2) there is a partially positive and significant influence of motivation on employee morale. (3) the influence of communication and motivation on employee morale at Disini Luxury Spa And Villas Srminyak is 49,9%. (4) communication is the most dominant variable affecting employee morale at Disini Luxury Spa And Viillas Seminyak with a value of 0.650, while the motivation variable is 0.208.
Does Adoption of Knowledge Management Process Validate Risk Identification Information Technology Projects
Authors: Talet Amine Nehari , Zin Razali Mat
Published: June 2022

Companies turn to IT for innovative solutions in order to be competitive. Organizations must arm themselves with comprehensive knowledge to concentrate on the risks introduced by this unstable environment promptly. This study extends previous researches on the impact when executing risk management processes in Information Technology (IT) projects by examining the effects of knowledge management support for risk management processes that has caused many project failures in the past and encountered unanticipated resistance and never met expectation. Based on the extensive review of literature grounded in knowledge management and Risk management, a research model is proposed. The proposed model is validated by a survey of 350 practitioners involved in IT projects. The findings confirm that perceived that Knowledge Management processes has significant effects on risk identification for IT project. Moreover, this study identified the relationship knowledge processes between risk identification for IT project. This study expands the existing body of knowledge on the adoption of knowledge processes, and benefits on Risk identification for IT project.
Ampliando o olhar para o cuidado integral de mulheres e crianças
Authors: Machado Liane Bahú , Andres Silvana Carloto , Reginaldo Marjana Pivoto
Published: June 2022

O presente livro aborda questões sobre saúde da mulher e da criança, trazendo conceitos das políticas públicas, discutindo a política de atenção à saúde da mulher no contexto da promoção da saúde, relata ações de promoção a atenção integral à saúde das mulheres e de crianças em todos os ciclos de vida, enfatizando o binômio mãe e filho. A importância desta publicação está evidentemente associada a questões culturais e sociais abordando temas como a violência contra a mulher na sociedade. Nesse processo de troca as autoras trazem discussões à saúde da mulher e da criança no campo dos Direitos Reprodutivos e Direitos Sexuais, sociais e assistência em saúde.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KEDISIPLINAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 1 BELINYU KABUPATEN BANGKA
Authors: AMIRULLAH AMIRULLAH
Published: June 2022

The teacher plays a central role in the teaching and learning process, for that the quality of education in a school is largely determined by the ability possessed by a teacher in carrying out his duties. The high and low teacher performance is caused by several factors, one of which is the factor that influences teacher performance is a motivating factor, while another factor is teacher discipline. To find out the effect of teacher motivation and discipline factors on teacher performance this research was conducted at the Belinyu State 1 High School. In this study is to use survey research, namely research that takes samples from one population and uses a questionnaire as a basic data collection tool, with the purpose of explanation (explanatory). The number of samples in this study is the same as the total population of 30 teachers, so this study uses a population approach. From this method it will result that the Belinyu State High School 1 shows an increase in teacher motivation and discipline of teacher work also increases.
ABSTRAK Guru memegang peranan sentral dalam proses belajar mengajar, untuk itu mutu pendidikan di suatu sekolah sangat ditentukan oleh kemampuan yang dimiliki seorang guru dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Tinggi rendahnya kinerja guru di antaranya disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja guru adalah faktor motivasi, sedangkan faktor lainnya adalah kedisiplinan guru. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor motivasi dan kesiplinan guru terhadap kinerja guru inilah dilakukan penelitian ini pada Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Belinyu. Dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan penelitian survey, yakni penelitian yang mengambil sampel dari satu populasi dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul data yang pokok, dengan maksud penjelasan (explanatory). Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sama dengan jumlah populasi ini adalah sebanyak  30 orang guru, maka penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan populasi. Dari metode tersebut maka akan menghasilkan bahwa Sekolah Menegah Atas Negeri 1 Belinyu menunjukkan peningkat motivasi guru dan  kedisiplinan  kerja guru juga meningkat.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TGT (TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: SOFYAN ERNA
Published: June 2022

This study aims to improve learning outcomes of genetic material biology due to prolonged Distance Learning, this can be seen from student learning outcomes in the 2020/2021 school year. The setting of this research is in SMA Negeri 1 Maluku Tengah Class XII IPA3 with a total of 31 students from January to February 2022. Research data collected is in the form of information on student learning outcomes in biology lessons on genetic material. Data collection tools in the form of: observation sheets and a list of student scores. The research procedure was carried out with the CAR procedure using two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The results of this study are: in the first cycle, students who completed were 21 of 31 students or 67.7% and students who did not complete were 10 of 31 students or 32.2%. The results in the second cycle were: 29 of 31 students who completed or 93.5%. There was an increase of 61% from cycle I. With the results of research from cycle I to cycle II, it can be concluded that learning with the cooperative model type TGT (Teams Games Tournament) can improve student learning outcomes on genetic material for class XII IPA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Maluku Tengah Years 2021/2022.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar biologi materi genetika akibat Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh yang berkepanjangan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa pada tahun pelajaran 2020/2021.Setting penelitian ini adalah di SMA Negeri 1 Maluku Tengah Kelas XII IPA3 dengan jumlah 31peserta didik dari Januari sampai Februari 2022. Data penelitian yang dikumpulkan berupa informasi hasil belajar siswa dalam pelajaran biologi materi genetika. Alat pengumpul data berupa : lembar observasi dan daftar nilai siswa. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan dengan prosedur PTK menggunakan dua siklus yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil Penelitian ini adalah: pada siklus I, siswa yang tuntas adalah 21 dari 31 siswa atau 67,7% dan siswa yang tidak tuntas adalah 10 dari 31 siswa atau 32,2 %. Hasil pada siklus II adalah: siswa yang tuntas 29 dari 31 siswa atau 93,5%. Terdapat peningkatan 61% dari siklus I. Dengan hasil penelitian dari siklus I ke siklus II, dapat disimpulkan pembelajaran dengan model kooperatif tipe TGT (Teams Games Tournament) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi genetika siswa kelas XII IPA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Maluku Tengah Tahun 2021/2022.
Measurement Report: Increasing trend of atmospheric ion concentrations in the boreal forest
Authors: Sulo Juha , Lampilahti Janne , Chen Xuemeng , Kontkanen Jenni , Nieminen Tuomo , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Lehtipalo Katrianne
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The concentration of atmospheric ions affects the total aerosol particle number concentrations in the atmosphere as well as atmospheric new particle formation via ion-induced nucleation, ion-ion recombination, and effects on condensational growth. In this study, we investigate the concentrations and long-term trends of atmospheric ions in a boreal forest environment using 16 years of cluster ion (0.8 – 2 nm) and intermediate ion (2 – 7 nm) measurements and characterize the most important factors that explain those trends. We found that the median concentration of cluster ions in a boreal forest was 710 cm-3, the median concentration of 2 – 4 intermediate ions was 14 cm-3 and the median concentration of 4 – 7 nm intermediate ions was 9 cm-3. The concentrations of both cluster and intermediate ions have been increasing over the 16- year measurement period, with cluster ion concentrations increasing by about 1 % per year and intermediate ion concentrations increasing 1.7 – 3.9 % a year. The increase in cluster-ion concentrations can be best explained by the decrease in the coagulation sink caused by larger aerosol particles. Meanwhile, the dependence of intermediate ion concentrations on meteorological conditions is evident, but ionization sources and the coagulation sink do not seem to explain the increasing trend. This is likely because the dynamics of intermediate ions are more complicated, so that ionization sources and coagulation sink alone cannot directly explain the variation. Season-specific analysis of the ion concentrations suggests that while coagulation sink is the limiting factor for the ion concentrations in spring and summer, the dynamics are different in autumn and winter. Based on our findings, we recommend that a more comprehensive analysis is needed to determine if the increase in ambient ion concentrations, increasing temperature and changing abundance of condensable vapors makes ion- mediated and ion-induced nucleation pathways in the boreal forest more relevant in the future.
On the fingerprint of the Antarctica ozone hole in ice core nitrate isotopes: a case study based on a South Pole ice core
Authors: Cao Yanzhi , Jiang Zhuang , Alexander Becky , Cole-Dai Jihong , Savarino Joel , Erbland Joseph , Geng Lei
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Column ozone variability has important implications for surface photochemistry and climate. Ice-core nitrate isotopes are suspected to be influenced by column ozone variability and δ15N(NO3-) has been sought to serve as a proxy of column ozone variability. In this study, we examined the ability of ice-core nitrate isotopes to reflect column ozone variability by measuring δ15N(NO3-) and Δ17O(NO3-) in a shallow ice core drilled at the South Pole. The ice core covers the period of 1944 to 2005, and during this period δ15N(NO3-) was of large annual variability ((59.2 ± 29.3) ‰), but with no apparent response to the Antarctic ozone hole. Utilizing a snow photochemical model, we estimated 6.9 ‰ additional enrichments in δ15N(NO3-) could be caused by the development of the ozone hole. But this enrichment is nevertheless small and masked by the effects of snow accumulation rate variability in addition to that of the slightly increased snow accumulation rate at the South Pole over the same period of the ozone hole. The Δ17O(NO3-) record displays a decreasing trend by ~ 3.4 ‰ since 1976. This magnitude of change can’t be caused by enhanced post-depositional processing owing to the ozone hole. Instead, the Δ17O(NO3-) decrease was more likely due to the proposed decreases in O3 / HOx ratio in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere. Our results suggest ice-core δ15N(NO3-) is more sensitive to snow accumulation rate than to column ozone, but at sites with relatively constant snow accumulation rate, information of column ozone variability embedded in δ15N(NO3-) should be retrievable. In comparison with the South Pole, up to 21 ‰ additional δ15N(NO3-) enrichments can be caused by the ozone hole at Dome A and the signal would be possibly detected if where snow accumulation rate has stayed relatively constant.
Tiny Weather Forecast Germany - an open source weather app based on open data from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)
Authors: Dube Pawel
Published: June 2022

Weather data and especially a precise weather forecast on mobile devices is of great public interest. However, many apps for mobile devices are closed-source and even a lot of open source weather apps rely on commercial weather data providers. An other drawback of many weather apps is a great number of requested permissions on the device.

The idea was to create a free, open source weather app based on the open data from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). An other requirement was a privacy-friendly design without user-tracking. Furthermore, the package size should remain low and the amount of data traffic should be limited as far as possible.

The app is continuously developed since 2020. The first version was released in July 2020, and it left beta status in September 2020. It started with a simple weather forecast, features added over time include weather warnings for Germany, weather texts provided by the DWD and a rain radar. Lately, notifications about warnings applying to the selected location were added.

The project is licensed under the “GNU General Public License v3.0 or later”, ensuring that it will remain open source. It uses only open source code, especially no binary or closed-source libraries were used. This contributes to transparency and keeps the size of the program package fairly low (approx. 7 MB, version 0.58.0). The number of required permissions is very limited. Internet traffic only takes place between the app and the open data server of the DWD in order to fetch weather forecast data and weather warnings.

The project also uses non-commercial infrastructures on the web: it is hosted on codeberg.org, published on fdroid.org and translations take place on a private platform. Many volunteers contributed to the project over time and translated it into many languages.

Challenges were a proper implementation of weather warnings without using proprietary push services, and also the correct implementation and use of the open data without any special knowledge on meteorology despite a very good documentation by the DWD.
Keeping momentum working remotely
Authors: Cegnar Tanja
Published: June 2022

During the last two years, our meteorological society had to live with covid-19 measures restricting our in-person activities. The impact on society activities was significant. Of course, nowadays we have tools that facilitate work from home and virtual meetings, but one can be easily saturated with this kind of meetings and especially society activities suffered. In spite of this, Slovenian meteorological society increased the frequency and variety of activities. 

Zoom enabled us to carry out one scientific lecture per month and establishing a YouTube channel enabled us to reach a broader audience. Of course, most of our lectures are in Slovenian and this limits our audience. We took part in the national call for written contributions on climate change and severe weather in order to increase the outreach and awareness of weather and climate impacts on society among teenagers. There were some surprising outcomes of this initiative.  

While we were able to attract also members temporarily based out of country, we have lost interest of some colleagues who prefer in personal contact. The lesson learned is that the most effective way in future will be to combine virtual and in-person forms of activities.
Modelling the Urbanization Effect on Urban Energy Fluxes over a Tropical Humid City, Lagos, Nigeria using SUEWS  
Authors: Obe Benjamin , Morakinyo Tobi Eniolu , Mills Gerald
Published: June 2022

Rapid urban sprawl has been evident in sub-Saharan Africa; however, little is known about the implication on urban energy fluxes. Thus, this study analyses the urban expansion processes of Lagos, Nigeria, a hot-humid and Africa’s most populous city between 2000 – 2020; and quantifies the effect of the associated urban form and function on the partitioning of  Surface Energy fluxes in the study period using the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS). The urban canopy was parameterized for the years 2000 and 2020 using the Local Climate Zone Scheme via the LCZ generator (https://lcz-generator.rub.de/).  

Most of the LCZs are built types, corresponding to LCZ 1 and 2 in the microcenter, LCZ 3 in the macrocenter, and LCZ 6 and 9 in the city suburban area. Results showed a significant increase of  60%, 105% and 165% in LCZ 3, 6 and 9, respectively within the 20 years period at the detriment of 35%, 85%, and 55% loss in the vegetation classes, LCZ A, C, and F respectively. The impact of these landscape changes on the energy fluxes was accessed with SUEWS model forced with ERA5 surface data. Model validation exercise showed an acceptable comparison between modelled and observed meteorological outputs which align with previous findings for midlatitude regions, suggesting that the model could perform well in a humid tropical climate. The spatio-temporal distributions of SEB showed that the turbulent heat fluxes increased significantly particularly in the micro and macro urban LCZs whereas suburban LCZs have greater latent heat flux magnitudes due to the large conversion of vegetation to suburban LCZs. We also noted a significant increase in the Bowen ratio in micro-urban LCZs particularly at night which is marked by great variability across other LCZs.  Similarly, we observed a 96% increase in anthropogenic heat flux in all the urban LCZs with marked intra-urban variabilities.

The results demonstrate the capability of SUEWS model with readily available inputs in estimating changes in the surface energy balance because of urbanization in a tropical humid city.  
3D Radiative Transfer through Cumulus Clouds, Comparing Modeling to Observations
Authors: Veerman Menno , Mol Wouter , van Stratum Bart , van Heerwaarden Chiel
Published: June 2022

Clouds modify surface solar irradiance fields by scattering and absorbing radiation. The spatial distribution of surface irradiance drives horizontal heterogeneity in the surface heat and moisture fluxes, which may affect the further development of boundary layer clouds. Additionally, spatial variability of solar irradiance affects the electricity production by solar energy. However, accurately capturing the spatial distribution of surface solar irradiance in cloud-resolving models is not straightforward. Radiative transfer in the atmosphere is generally solved using 1D two-stream approximations, which are computationally efficient but neglect the horizontal energy transport by radiation. Alternatively, realistic surface solar irradiance fields can be computed using Monte Carlo ray tracing methods, which are highly accurate but computationally expensive and therefore often only used for a limited number of cloud fields. Moreover, ray traced irradiance fields are only as accurate as the input cloud fields and therefore still require validation by observations, which are generally only available as single point measurements at a relatively coarse temporal resolution. In this study, we make use of a dense spatial grid of radiation measurements that was set-up during the FESSTVaL measurement campaign in Germany, and aim to provide a unique validation of the spatial variability in surface irradiance fields produced by a suite of radiative transfer approximations. First, we run large-eddy simulations of three different days during the campaign, two days with shallow and one day with deep convection, to generate high-resolution cloud fields that can be validated using LIDAR observations. Radiative fluxes are then computed for each cloud field using the two-stream approximation, Monte Carlo ray tracing, and a number of approximations for three dimensional radiative transfer such as tilted columns and the TenStream solver. The comparison of these various radiative transfer techniques against observations may contribute to a better understanding of the spatial variability of surface solar irradiance under cumulus clouds. Moreover, this can give a better insight into which radiative transfer approximations can capture the surface irradiance variability to sufficient accuracy for solar energy applications.
Navigating overload and oblivion in weather warning communication - some insights from Norway
Authors: Sivle Anders Doksæter , Jeuring Jelmer
Published: June 2022

At MET Norway, a small interdisciplinary team - the Sandbox - explores novel ways to improve the communication between the meteorologists and their audiences. At the moment the Sandbox consists of seven forecasters, researchers, and communication advisors with backgrounds from both natural and social sciences. Over the past six years, this has been a proven format to address interdisciplinary and cross-departmental challenges. 

In 2022, the Sandbox is focusing on warning communication. Strengthening weather warning communication is high on the agendas of meteorological institutes both in Europe and globally. WMO has dedicated its World Meteorological Day this year to early warning systems that facilitate early actions. Also in Norway, there is a demand for continuous improvement of the formal warning processes for hydrometeorological hazards. Over the last years, several quantitative studies have identified how members of the Norwegian public consume warning information, and how satisfied they are. Insights have guided improvements in the warning process, but have mainly focused on the average perceptions and needs. We are also interested in catering for groups that are potentially on the margins of public warning communication. 

Thus, following our proven ‘Sandbox methodology’ we attempted to map several understudied perceptions, perspectives and information preferences among the Norwegian general public, with specific attention for groups that may have above or below average experience with hazardous weather conditions and their impacts. As a first step, several participants were selected through a convenience sampling approach. These included first responders, tourist guides, and people that relatively recently have moved to Norway, such as international students and migrant workers. In this presentation, we share our preliminary findings, follow-up plans for the rest of 2022, as well as possible measures that may help MET Norway reach out with warning information that is tailored for an increasingly heterogeneous and mobile Norwegian population, with a wide spectrum of weather literacy.
Solar Power Nowcasting in the Presence of Sahara dust: Can Deep Learning based on Satellite and Synthetic Production Data Recognize the Production-Offsets?
Authors: Papazek Petrina , Schicker Irene
Published: June 2022

Fostering solar power as a sustainable, as fossil fuel free as possible, energy source demands accurate, location-optimized, and highly resolved forecasts of power production. For this study, we consider the issue of production offsets due to Sahara dust events in large areas of Central Europe as well as data coverage and inconsistency issues with evolving solar power sites. In the presented case study we investigate subhourly nowcasts using machine learning for (i) specific solar power plants in Central Europe (ii) the suitability of synthetically generated production using NWP grid points in the studied areas.  
Deep learning enables us to consider complex timeseries from historic data to model highly variable (spatial, temporal) diurnal and seasonal changes in the expected power production. In particular, we investigate how to exploit the spatio-temporal relationships in highly resolved forecasts by a sequence-to-sequence encoder-decoder inspired LSTM (long short-term memory) artificial neural network. We optimize the performance of our deep learning approach by tuning hyper-parameters, network weighting, and loss as well as addressing the input feature selection accordingly. Our preprocessing steps transform available data into a suitable representation for learning efficiently from a combination of multiple, very heterogeneous data sources with varying temporal availability and spatial resolution. For instance, we utilize 3D-fields from other weather prediction models, satellite data and remote sensing products, and observation time-series as well as their generated climatologies. A key objective is to properly process the differing temporal and spatial resolution while still generating nowcasts efficiently. To extend the historic training data set of complex models, we generate synthetic solar production data using machine learning and consider climatological driven data transformation. We investigate transfer learning as a further option in our deep learning setup.
Results obtained by the developed method generally yield high forecast-skills, where the best model setups are shown in our analysis. We compare the forecast results of up to 6 hours ahead obtained through this machine learning approach to available forecast methods, e.g., forecasts generated with python pvlib driven with AROME.
New cloud detection method for a stand-alone ground based microwave radiometer
Authors: Löffler Moritz , Knist Christine , Görsdorf Ulrich , Vural Jasmin , Löhnert Ulrich
Published: June 2022

Microwave radiometers (MWR) are moving into the focus of national and trans-national meteorological agencies which already operate or which intend to deploy MWR in network setups. The centralized processing of MWR data products within ACTRIS and the imminent integration of MWR into the EUMETNET E-Profile network are two prominent examples for this development. The developments within E-Profile correspond to efforts made by weather services towards directly assimilating MWR brightness temperature (TB) data.

At DWD we are evaluating data availability, quality, observation impact and operational sustainability of an MWR in a testbed setup, the so-called “Pilotstation”. In this framework first assimilation experiments of MWR TB at DWD were successful. The data assimilation (DA) requires a priori quality checks and an a priori detection of liquid water clouds. Currently the most frequent reason for rejecting data from DA is the suspected presence of clouds. Consequently, reliably identifying clouds without excessively rejecting clear-sky data is especially effective for increasing the availability of suitable data.

We will present a new approach for detecting the presence of liquid water clouds from the observed zenith TB. We employ a machine learning (ML) based algorithm which exploits the spectral signature and the variability of the observation. Using the CloudNet target classification as a reference we will demonstrate the overall performance. We will also highlight some issues faced and methods used during the development of this ML application.

TB observations at lower elevation angles increase the information content of the overall MWR observation. To ensure a proper interpretation of the TB the cloud detection scheme must be enhanced so that it also applies to off-zenith observations. We will present our approaches and first results at addressing this matter.
Analysis of the surface energy balance and its impacts on the extreme low temperatures in Spain after snowstorm Filomena
Authors: Fernández-Castillo Pablo , Román-Cascón Carlos , Yagüe Carlos
Published: June 2022

Storm Filomena, in January 2021, was one of the most extreme snowstorms of the last century in Spain, blanketing wide areas across central Spain in exceptional amounts of snow. Once the storm left the Iberian Peninsula, the snow layer persisted for many days due to stationary stable synoptic conditions, leading to extremely low surface temperatures, with several records being hit. The storm caused major disruption and economic impact.

Despite Filomena being an extreme weather event, not many studies have addressed the cold spell once the low pressure system left the Iberian peninsula. In this work, we analyse the physical mechanisms that explain such low temperatures, studying the influence of different scales (synoptic and microscale) by means of reanalysis data and data analysis of a micrometeorological weather station in a rural area in central Spain, where snow accumulation exceeded 40 cm. Results suggest that the stable synoptic-scale weather conditions led to enhanced influence of the microscale and strong surface-based temperature inversions. In particular, significant changes are observed in the surface energy balance (SEB) due to a reduction in the net radiation available at the surface as a result of a higher albedo and emissivity of the surface, with respect to the period before the arrival of Filomena. The effect of the snow layer is also clearly visible on the soil temperatures and ground heat flux, which remained essentially constant throughout the period of study as a result of its lower thermal conductivity. Thus, all the terms involved in the SEB will be thoroughly analysed to study the influence of the snow layer on them and on the surface temperatures reached.
A global comparison of heatwave magnitude indices using ERA5 reanalysis data
Authors: Russo Emmanuele , Domeisen Daniela
Published: June 2022

Heatwaves are one of the most harmful extreme weather events in terms of their impact on human health, infrastructure and natural ecosystems. What is extreme under present-day conditions will likely become more common in the near-future, under global warming. A proper detection and characterization of heatwave events is therefore crucial for advancing the understanding of their drivers and predictability, allowing for the development of early warning systems and timely adaptation and mitigation policies.

One of the most important features of heatwaves, in terms of impact, is their intensity. Accurately assessing and comparing the magnitude of heatwaves at different locations poses many challenges. Numerous metrics for estimating heatwave magnitude have been developed and applied, although many studies have called for a more unified and consistent use of these metrics. A comprehensive assessment of heatwave magnitude and intensity, possibly allowing for a more robust comparison of events, is still missing.  

In this study, a set of 4 previously proposed indices for the characterization of heatwave intensity are applied to high-resolution daily maximum temperatures (Tmax) derived from ERA5 reanalysis data at the global scale, for the period 1950-2020. The main goal is to detect differences between the different metrics, focusing on the effect of estimators based on averaged versus cumulative values, and highlighting possible strong or weak points of each of them. Additionally, the study aims to conduct, for the first time, an assessment of the reliability of ERA5 in terms of Tmax, against other datasets at the global scale. Finally, the results are used for analyzing the trends of heatwave intensity over the period 1950-2020, for different regions around the globe.

Differences in daily Tmax, calculated between ERA5 and the other considered datasets, are relatively small over a large part of the globe, except for Greenland and Antarctica in all seasons, and northern North America in June-July-August. The pattern of the heatwave magnitude of the most extreme events occurring in the period 1950-2020 is considerably different between estimators based on cumulative and averaged values of temperature. Also, the year when these maxima occur changes completely in the two cases, showing that the use of different metrics might lead to an underestimation/overestimation of the magnitude of specific events, with possible implications for impact and attribution studies.  In particular, the results show that heatwave magnitude indices based on cumulative values should be preferable to the ones based on averaged values. Finally, trends in the magnitude of heatwaves for the period 1950-2020 show that in the last 30 years, heatwave events doubled not only in magnitude, but also in number with respect to the first decades of the considered period, confirming findings of previous works.
Wavelet transform applied to ERA5 global daily precipitation fields to assess changes in the rainfall patterns
Authors: Lussana Cristian , Casati Barbara , Benestad Rasmus E. , Lutz Julia , Dobler Andreas , Landgren Oskar , Haugen Jan Erik , Mezghani Abdelkader , Parding Kajsa M.
Published: June 2022

Wavelet transforms allow for the decomposition of precipitation fields over a broad range of spatial scales. The wavelet coefficients obtained from the decomposition of daily global precipitation fields can be used to study the spatial characteristics of the model simulated field over multiple spatial scales, in addition to diagnosing the effective model resolution. At a given spatial scale, the variability of the corresponding wavelet coefficients is proportional to the amount of “details” needed to pass from the representation of the precipitation field at that scale to the representation with respect to the next -finer- scale. The greater the variability, the greater the details required, and the greater the energy associated with that specific spatial scale. If we consider a sequence of daily precipitation fields over several years, we can construct the energy spectrum of global precipitation and analyse its evolution with climate change. We also propose utilising wavelets in future downscaling activity.

We have applied a 2D Haar wavelet transform to the ERA5 global daily precipitation fields for the period from 1950 to 2020. Then, we have studied the variability of the daily wavelet coefficients for the different spatial scales. If we compare the two normal periods, 1961-1990 and 1991-2020, it can be seen that for the most recent period there is a shift of the maximum of the energy spectrum towards smaller scales. The shift is more pronounced in the tropics. If we consider the time series of the energies, there is an increase in the energies for most of the spatial scales after 1985. The growth rates among the scales are different, though, and precipitation at the Meso-beta scale and the lower part of the synoptic scale (up to around 440 km) has become more important in the total wavelet energy balance of daily precipitation. The wavelet analysis enables us to detect a change in the scale structure of the global daily precipitation patterns with climate change.

The results presented here are part of the work described in detail in the scientific article:

Benestad, R.E., Lussana, C., Lutz, J., Dobler, A., Landgren, O., Haugen, J.E., Mezghani, A., Casati, B. and Parding, K. M.: Global hydro-climatological indicators and changes in the global hydrological cycle and rainfall patterns, accepted for publication in PLOS Climate, 2022
Deriving wind gusts from Doppler lidar measurements
Authors: Detring Carola , Päschke Eileen , Kayser Markus , Leinweber Ronny , Beyrich Frank
Published: June 2022

Doppler lidar systems allow for a reliable determination of the profiles of wind speed and wind direction in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) based on classical measurement strategies such as a VAD scan (Velocity Azimuth Display, e.g. Päschke et al., 2015, Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8, 2251–2266). For many practical applications, however, short-term fluctuations of the wind, such as those that occur in connection with wind gusts, are of great interest in addition to the mean wind profile.

A study by Suomi et al. (2017, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 143, 2061-2072) has shown that it is, in principle, possible to derive wind gusts from Doppler lidar measurements. However, the high temporal resolution in the determination of the wind vector required for this is not achieved with usual measurement strategies. The authors therefore introduced a correction of the gust values derived from the lidar data based on a scaling approach using in-situ wind measurements.

In our study, an alternative measurement strategy for Doppler lidar systems of the type "Streamline" (Halo Photonics) was developed and tested over several months in 2020/21 at the boundary layer measurement field site (GM) Falkenberg of the German Meteorological Service (DWD). The gust derivation is based on a so-called continuous scan mode (CSM) where the radial velocity measurements taken continuously during a complete rotation of the lidar scan head are assigned to 10-11 beam directions and the wind vector for each rotation is determined using the VAD method. The duration of a scan cycle is about 3.4s, thus a time resolution can be achieved that corresponds to the widely-accepted definition of a wind gust (3s moving average; WMO (2018)).

This new configuration brings challenges to the data processing. In the fast CSM, comparatively few lidar pulses per measurement beam have to be used, so that classical approaches for data filtering (signal-to-noise thresholding, consensus filtering) cannot be used. An alternative method for processing the raw lidar data is proposed. The results of deriving both the mean wind vector and the respective maximum wind gust for a 10-minute averaging interval are compared with sonic measurements at 90m height for a two-month period during the FESSTVaL experiment (Field Experiment on Sub-Mesoscale Spatio-Temporal Variability in Lindenberg, www.fesstval.de). Further measurements were realised in Hamburg in spring 2022 in order to make comparisons with sonic measurements on a tower at higher levels (up to 250m). First results from this 4-week experiment will also be presented.

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (2018): Measurement of surface wind. In Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, Volume I -Measurement of Meteorological Variables, No.8: 196–213, URL: https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10616 (accessed April 2022)
Interaction between forecasters and model developers within MetCoOp
Authors: Fortelius Carl , Noer Gunnar , Saarikalle Eerik , Sild Kertu , Wettergren Anders , Berggren Lars , Eresmaa Reima
Published: June 2022

MetCoOp is a co-operation for operational short range numerical weather forecasting formed by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and Estonian Environment Agency (ESTEA). MetCoOp forms a part of the United Weather Centre (UWC) initiative, aiming for common NWP-production by ten European countries in 2027. MetCoOp delivers the convection permitting LAM ensemble MEPS with 5 new members generated every hour, and the hourly updated deterministic very-short-range suite MNWC.

The interaction between forecasters and developers has been an important part of MetCoOp since its initiation as a bilateral co-operation between SMHI and MET in 2010. To this end, users and developers at the participating institutes come together weekly at regular video conferences and twice every year for a three-day face-to-face working meeting. Recommendations of the users play an important part in the procedure for introducing new developments into operational use. Typically, forecasters from each institute give their recommendations concerning forecast suites undergoing pre-operational testing based on their own experiences and assessment reports provided by the developers. Furthermore, duty forecasters are engaged in compiling monthly and seasonal verification reports showing the long-term evolution of MetCoOp forecasts.

At the regular video conferences incidents, updates, developments, meteorological performance, and other current events are discussed. Reviews of the meteorological quality of operational and pre-operational forecast suites are a fixed item in these "thursday-meetings", and often trigger vigorous discussion. Developers and users of MetCoOp forecasts take turns delivering these reviews, presenting deterministic and probabilistic verification scores and diagnostics, or cases of particular interest, and everybody is encouraged to sign up for giving a presentation. At the face-to-face meetings MetCoOp staff exchange experiences, work together, and make plans for future developments. At these meetings half a day is devoted to presenting and responding to forecaster feedback from each institute. Summary notes of the video conferences and face-to-face meetings, including slides, are available for future reference on the internal MetCoOp wiki-pages.

 

 