bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness and self-compassion as predictors of humor styles in US and Russia
Authors: Khramtsova I.I. , Chuykova T.S.
Published: June 2016

Mindfulness and self-compassion are increasingly coming into mainstream psychological research in the Western world as they correlate with and predict various aspects of mental health and positivity. However, little is known about their relationship to another construct that is also associated with well-being, that is, humor. The unique contribution of the present study is in exploring whether mindfulness and self-compas- sion would predict the use of adaptive and maladaptive humor styles and whether this prediction will be the same across cultures. 90 U.S. and 106 Russian college students responded to a survey consisting of three measures: Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003), Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF; Raes, Pommier, Neff, & Van Gucht, 2011), and Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ; Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray, & Weir, 2003). Our findings suggest that mind- fulness and self-compassion can serve as predictors of humor styles, that is, more mind- ful and self-compassionate participants tended to use more adaptive humor styles and less maladaptive styles. However, the contribution of these two variables to the vari- ance in humor styles depended on the culture.
Cognitive metaphor as a tool for study of work perception by different professional groups
Authors: Sukhanov E.P.
Published: June 2016

This article contains an analysis of cognitive approach to metaphor and of pos- sibility to use it in researching objects perception by people. Metaphor is considered as a part of thinking process and at the same time as its product, which can be meaning- ful for thinking process analysis itself. The main basics of metaphor were formulated. Methods were modified for creating metaphors. A wide range of respondents were at- tracted to help many of them with creating metaphors as it is too difficult task from their point of view. To open diagnostically potential of cognitive metaphor it was held comparative analysis of metaphors for perception of work among 124 teachers and 52 medicine workers. The result of content analysis helped to find metaphor groups reflecting some patterns of perception of work. It was shown that cognitive metaphor is effective and precise tool which helps to understand characteristic perception people have about their work.
Factorial Survey: Benefits, Applications and Practical Guidelines
Authors: Grigoryan L.K. , Gorinova E.V.
Published: June 2016

The article focuses on the application of the factorial survey design to social- psychological studies. The factorial survey is an experimental technique that allows testing hypotheses about causal relations. The key advantages of factorial survey are (1) higher external validity compared to classical laboratory experiments, (2) lower susceptibility to social desirability effects compared to classical survey approach, and
(3) its ability to detect implicit determinants of social perception. Nevertheless, facto- rial survey design is rarely used in psychology. This work gives an introduction to the factorial survey design, describes its benefits and areas of application. Moreover, it gives practical guidelines on how to plan, conduct, and analyze the results of a factorial survey study, accompanied by examples from our own research.

The research was supported within the framework of the Program for Basic Research of National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) in 2014- 2015.
Distance without Dividing. Book review of: N.E. Kharlamenkova, E.V. Kumykova, F.K. Rubchenko. Psychological separation. Approaches, problems, techniques. М.: Psychology Institute RAS, 2015. 367 p.
Authors: Nartova-Bochaver S.K.
Published: June 2016

The review analyzes systematic studies of the psychological separation phenom- enon. The high relevance of the study is outlined because it stays in addition to the vast range of works devoted to the personal identity. Major authors’ ideas, a theoretical model of separation presented for the first time, a description of the types of harmoni- ous and disharmonious separation, a new look at family dynamics are marked. Special attention is paid to new facts in a little researched area of the relationship of adult children with their parents.
Developing orphan children in adoption family and institutionalizing. Book review of: “The problem of orphanhood in modern Russia: The psychological aspect”. A.V. Makhnach, A.M. Prikhozhan, N.N. Tolstykh (Eds.). Moscow: Institute of Psychology RAS Publishing House, 2015. 670 p.
Authors: Denisenkova N.S.
Published: June 2016

The review contains detailed and full analysis of the study , which helps to understand some possibilities of psychological development of children who remained with- out parents, in situation of socializing and in adoption family, as well as to understand challenges for such families. This work deals with various aspects of development and upbringing of children in early ages: preschool, elementary school and teenagers. Anal- ysis of important contemporary issues has been done, such as international adoption, professional approach of adoption families, its status, difficulties and problem solving suggested by Russian, Italian and Spanish scientists.
Exploring the effect of selenium forms on final body weight, slaughtercharacteristics and tissue selenium concentration in Aseel cockerels
Authors: Zia Waseem Muhammad , Khalique Anjum , Naveed Saima , Hussain Jibran , Muhammad Imran , Khan Tahir Muhammad , Rehman Shafique Muhammad
Published: June 2016

A study to investigate the influence of selenium on final body weight and slaughter traits of Aseel was conducted. Three-weeks-old 120 cockerels from Lakha, Mushki, Peshaweri and Mianwali varieties of Aseel were randomly selected and distributed into four groups, 30 cockerels each, subdivided into 3 treatment groups A, B (experimental groups), and C (control group) with 10 cockerels in each treatment. Birds were assigned three experimental diets. The diet for the birds of group A incorporated 0.3 mg/kg Se-enriched yeast and group B included 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite, while C was fed the diet without Se (control diet). Final body weight, dressed weight, dressing%, eviscerated weight, eviscerated%; chest, thigh and giblets weight; selenium content in chest and thigh in Se-yeast fed birds were significantly increased than those got sodium selenite or control diet. The study concluded that Se-enriched yeast is more effective in improving body weight and slaughtering characteristics of Aseel.
Effect of selenium supplementation on glutathione peroxidase (GPX), cholesterol, thyroxin (T4) and other blood biochemicals in local Aseel
Authors: Zia Waseem Muhammad , Khalique Anjum , Naveed Saima , Hussain Jibran , Muhammad Imran
Published: June 2016

The aim of study was to determine the impact of different selenium sources on blood biochemical picture of Aseel. Three-weeks-old 240 Aseel chickens (120 and 120) from Lakha, Mushki, Peshaweri and Mianwali varieties were randomly distributed into four groups; 60 birds/variety (30 and 30). The birds of each group of either sex were further subdivided into A, B (experimental) and C (control) treatment groups with 10 birds each. Group A and B were fed the diet containing 0.3 mg/kg Se-enriched yeast and sodium selenite, respectively, while group C was fed diet without selenium (control diet). Birds were maintained individually in cages from 4 to 21 weeks. In blood serum, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels increased (P£0.05) while, total cholesterol and thyroxin (T4) levels decreased (P£0.05) in Se-yeast supplemented group than sodium selenite supplemented or control group. The study concluded that Se-enriched yeast gave the superior performance to improve blood biochemical profile of Aseel.
The effects of spraying methanol solution and drought stress on level of antioxidant enzyme activity, growth, biomass and yield of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.cv.COS16)
Authors: Armand Nezam , Amiri Hamzeh , Ismaili Ahmad
Published: June 2016

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of methanol solution spray treatment on growth, biomass, and functional properties of bean plant under drought stress. The experiment was set up as a fully-randomized design with three replications. The first factor was four concentration levels of spray solution (Control, 10, 20, and 30%) and the spray was applied three times during the plant growth season at 10-day intervals. The second factor was three levels of drought stress; severe drought stress (25% field capacity), moderate drought stress (75% field capacity), and non-stress (100% field capacity). Test results showed that under 20% of methanol and conditions of non-stress there was significant growth of protein content of root and leaf in comparison with the control. Antioxidant enzyme activity was not affected by application of methanol solution spray but leaf antioxidant enzymes activity declined. Under non-stress and methanol concentrations of 10 and 20%, results showed a significant increase in all morphological properties compared with the control treatment. Under conditions of severe and moderate drought stress, level of methanol solution spray did not mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on the studied properties.
Vulnerabilidade de espécies capturadas pela pesca de emalhe-de-fundo no Sudeste-Sul do Brasil: produtividade-suscetibilidade (PSA)
Authors: VISINTIN Mauricio Rocha , PEREZ José Angel Alvarez
Published: June 2016

Durante a última década, a pescaria de emalhe dirigida ao peixe-sapo (Lophiusgas trophysus) desenvolveu-se sobre o talude do sudeste-sul do Brasil, provocando capturas incidentais bento-pelágicas, principalmente de peixes. Com o intuito de avaliar o impacto causado pela pesca foi utilizada a Análise de Produtividade-Suscetibilidade-PSA com as informações obtidas durante as operações de pesca em 2001. De acordo com as espécies de peixe nas capturas, foi estabelecido um conjunto de atributos qualitativos ou semiquantitativos relacionados í­Â  "produtividadeââ‚¬Â das mesmas e sua "suscetibilidadeââ‚¬Â í­Â  pesca de emalhe profundo. Estes atributos foram ranqueados em três categorias, "altoââ‚¬Â (3),"médioââ‚¬Â (2) e "baixoââ‚¬Â (1). Os escores médios obtidos pelos indicadores de produtividade para elasmobrí­¢nquios (1,32) foram inferiores í­Â queles obtidos para teleósteos (1,88). Em termos de suscetibilidade, ambos os grupos de peixes apresentaram í­­ndices próximos, com valores médios de 2,00(elasmobrí­¢nquios)e 1,96 (teleósteos). Dentre as mais vulneráveis ao emalhe-de-fundo estão os elasmobrí­¢nquios: Dipturus trachyderma, Echinorhinus brucus, Squalus megalops, Squatina argentina, Atlantoraja castelnaui e Torpedo puelcha. Algumas espécies, valiosas como Urophycis mystacea,Merluccius hubbsie o próprio peixe-sapo estiveram capturados de maior vulnerabilidade. A abordagem da PSA proporciona uma base empí­­rica qualitativa na avaliação dos impactos ecossistêmicos das pescarias, priorizando espécies que necessitam de ações de manejo, incluindo aquelas que seus dados populacionais são escassos ou inexistem.
Composição especí­­fica, bioecologia e ecomorfologia da ictiofauna marinha oriunda da pesca de pequena escala
Authors: PINHEIRO Waslley Maciel , FARIAS Alessandra Cristina da Silva
Published: June 2016

O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a ictiofauna marinha oriunda da pesca de pequena escala com base na identificação taxonômica das espécies e de seus aspectos comerciais, bioecológicos e ecomorfológicos. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente no perí­­odo de julho de 2013 a julho de 2014, durante os desembarques ocorridos no Porto do Mucuripe, Fortaleza/CE. A composição especí­­fica da ictiofauna foi constituí­­da de 41 espécies, sendo 33 demersais e 8 pelágicas. Quanto ao aspecto bioecológico, 80,0% das espécies eram carní­­voras, de baixo valor comercial, habitando ambientes rochosos costeiros e exibindo uma grande variedade de nichos ecológicos. Para o estudo ecomorfológico verificou-se que as espécies-alvo apresentaram uma maior capacidade de ingerir presas grandes, principalmente em ambientes de alto hidrodiní­¢mica e a espécie sem valor comercial caracterizou-se por habitar áreas mais calmas, alimentando-se de presas menores.
Avaliação bacteriológica da carne de bijupirá fresca, salgada e defumada proveniente de cultivo da baí­­a de Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: CALIXTO Flávia Aline Andrade , MACHADO Eduardo da Silva , FRANCO Robson Maia , MESQUITA Eliana de Fátima Marques de
Published: June 2016

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a microbiota de carne de bijupirá cultivado em tanques-rede na Baí­­a de Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro e avaliar a eficiência do processamento de salga e defumação na redução da carga microbiana do produto salgado e/ou defumado. O presente trabalho apresentou os seguintes resultados para a contagem de Staphylo coccus aureus: para a carne fresca média de 8,1 UFC/g; a defumada apresentou média de 0,6 UFC/g; e a salga da apresentou resultado negativo. Para coliformes totais, os resultados foram: média de 3,7 UFC/g para carne fresca; para salgada, média de 2,2 UFC/g; e a defumada apresentou resultado negativo. Os resultados para Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. foram de ausência nos três grupos: fresco, defumado ou salgado. A contagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas apresentou para a carne fresca a média de 307,5 UFC/g; a salgada, média de 133,2 UFC/g; enquanto a defumada apresentou 0,4 UFC/g de média. Todas as amostras se apresentaram dentro do padrão da legislação brasileira para qualidade microbiológica do produto.
Pescadores artesanais a jusante da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí­­, Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: FLEXA Cassio Eduardo , SILVA Kátia Cristina Araújo , CINTRA Israel Hidenburgo Aniceto
Published: June 2016

A pesca é uma das atividades mais tradicionais realizadas í­Â  jusante da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí­­, nordeste paraense, gerando emprego e renda a inúmeras famí­­lias ribeirinhas. O apetrecho de pesca mais utilizado na área de estudo é a rede-de-emalhar fixa e as principais espécies capturadas são a pescada-branca (Plagioscion squamosissimus) e o mapará (Hypophthalmus marginatus). A maior parte do pescado é comercializada fresco. A caracterização socioeconômica dos pescadores foi realizada por meio entrevistas semiestruturadas, com questionários aplicados a 109 pescadores nos meses de junho, agosto e setembro de 2006 e em abril de 2008. Os entrevistados, em sua maioria, são paraenses (98%), homens (89%) que vivem em regime de união estável (38%), 82,6% possuem filhos; a renda familiar é inferior a um salário mí­­nimo (67%) e possuem idade entre 14 e 70 anos, com ensino médio incompleto (62%), e aproximadamente 27% exerce a atividade a um tempo que varia entre 5 a 9 anos. Para os pescadores entrevistados há redução na produção pesqueira associada a fatores como uso de apetrechos de pesca fora das especificações previstas na legislação.
Indonesian Economy Leading to a Political Year and How Foreign Banks Can Play a Role in Development
Authors: Stamboel Kemal Aziz
Published: June 2016

Recently, Indonesia’s economy records very high and stable economic growth. The growth is above 6 percent. Despite the world economic crisis, our economic growth is adequately resistant to turmoil from external crisis. The relatively high economic growth is mainly caused by high domestic demand, both from consumption and investment. The question is how foreign banks can play a role in development of Indonesian economy? In this notes, I discuss several challenges posed by structural changes in Indonesia as well as opportunities for foreign banks to play a role in Indonesian financial development.
The Proposal for an Indo-Pacific Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation: A Critical Reassessment
Authors: Ram Vignesh
Published: June 2016

The emergence of the Indo- Pacific construct brings about interesting avenues for cooperation among states in the region. Characterised by the intertwining geographies of the Indian and the Pacific Oceans, the Indo- Pacific region is home to some of the most diverse peoples and economies in the world. In a speech delivered at the CSIS, Washington in 2013, the former Indonesian Foreign Minister Marty Natalegwa outlined the need for an “Indo- Pacific Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation”. In efforts to continue to address the prospects and challenges for a treaty among the major powers in the Indo- Pacific region, the article argues that a treaty would be necessary step and but should be concluded when sufficient groundwork for it is concluded. The article also argues that, the Indo – pacific concept would be best addressed if there is increased institutionalization of the concept and increased cooperation among middle powers such as India, Indonesia and Australia.
China’s Assertive Foreign Policy in South China Sea Under Xi Jinping: Its Impact on United States and Australian Foreign Policy
Authors: Sinaga Lidya Christin
Published: June 2016

This essay examines the impact of the assertiveness of China’s Foreign Policy in the South China Sea under Xi Jinping on United States and Australian foreign policy. The essay focuses on the  Xi Jinping period from 2013 because Xi has a different approach in foreign policy making from that of his predecessors. His determination to defend and advance maritime claims and interests as well as the external developments, have made his foreign policy  more assertive. This essay will argue that China’s assertive foreign policy in South China Sea under Xi Jinping has paved the way for a greater role for the US in Southeast Asia, and deepened the rivalry between China and the US. This rising tension in turn has put Australia in a challenging situation, torn between its security alliance with the United States, and its economic interests in  China. However, Australia does not have to choose one, but Australia can play a constructive role in the development of some compromise between the two.
Leakage discharge separation from the total water supply flow in water distribution system by constrained independent component analysis (CICA)
Authors: Zheng Chengzhi , Gao Jinliang , He Wenjie
Published: June 2016

The blind source separation theory was introduced and the trend and amplitude (TAA) model was established in order to overcome the shortcomings of some traditional global leakage discharge analysis models in water distribution systems (WDS). The TAA model considers the leakage discharge as one part of the total water supply flow, consisting of constrained independent component analysis (CICA) model and amplitude solving model. In the CICA model, the CICA algorithm was chosen and two reference vectors were constructed, and then the trend of leakage discharge was obtained. In the amplitude solving model, the two-element coupled linear overdetermined equations were derived and the amplitude was calculated. The TAA model was optimized and verified based on the data from three kinds of WDS (the laboratory WDS, the emulational WDS and the actual WDS). The simulation accuracy of the TAA model was high enough when the total water supply flow was a non-Gaussian signal in the WDS with one entrance only; the TAA model can effectively avoid the complexity (and reflect the uncertainty) of the relationship between leakage discharge and pressure head. More importantly, the model has good transplant performance.
Thermal and temporal stability on the enteric viruses infectivity in surface freshwater
Authors: Moresco V. , Damazo N. A. , Barardi C. R. M.
Published: June 2016

The present study aimed to evaluate the stability of Human Adenovirus type 2 (HAdV2) and Murine Norovirus 1 (MNV-1) in surface freshwater samples stored at different temperatures. For HAdV2 the stability decreased with increasing temperatures (−80 > −20 > 4 > 22 °C). The time required to reach one log reduction in viral titers (T90) was similar among all the times and temperatures by different cell-culture based methods and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The HAdV2 stability decreased with the time of storage temperature and methods employed, aside from samples stored at 22 and 4 °C which showed the lowest T90 values (50 days). For MNV-1, the samples stored at 22 and −20 °C showed higher log10 decay values, followed by 4 and −80 °C; while genome persistence was ranked as −80 > −20 > 4 > 22 °C. The T90 values were lower for samples stored at 22 °C (33 days), followed by 4, −20 and −80 °C with 111, 100 and 333 days, respectively. The results indicate that, under laboratory storage conditions, freshwater samples should be kept at 4 °C and at −80 °C for short- and long-term periods, respectively. This study provided useful information about thermal and temporal stability of the enteric viruses regarding sample storage conditions.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal sediments from urban and industrial areas of Asaluyeh Harbor, Iran: distribution, potential source and ecological risk assessment
Authors: Raeisi Alireza , Arfaeinia Hossein , Seifi Morteza , Shirzad-Siboni Mehdi , Keshtkar Mozhgan , Dobaradaran Sina
Published: June 2016

The distribution and toxicity levels of 16 EPA priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments of Asaluyeh shore, Iran were investigated. The total concentrations of the PAHs in surface sediments ranged from 1,054 to 17,448 ng/g dry weights with a mean concentration of 8,067 ng/g. The spatial distribution of PAHs showed that PAH levels are much higher in the industrial areas in comparison with urban areas. Based on diagnostic ratios, pyrogenic activities were dominant sources of PAHs pollution in sediments comparing petroleum sources. The toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ Carc) of PAHs ranged from 172 to 2,235 ng TEQ/g with mean value of 997.9. Toxicity levels were evaluated using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and toxic equivalent factors. Samples were collected from industrial and urban stations in Asaluyeh shores. According to SQGs, ΣPAHs concentrations in sediments of urban areas were below the ERL (effects range low), but the industrial samples had ΣPAHs concentrations between ERL and ERM (effects range median). Furthermore, ΣHPAHs (heavy PAHs) and some individual PAHs in some industrial stations exceeded ERM, indicating adverse ecological risk effects frequently occur. Findings demonstrate that the surface sediment from Asaluyeh shore is highly to very highly contaminated with PAHs.
Alport Syndrome in Women and Girls
Authors: Savige Judy , Colville Deb , Rheault Michelle , Gear Susie , Lennon Rachel , Lagas Sharon , Finlay Moira , Flinter Frances
Published: June 2016

Alport syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by progressive renal failure, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. Inheritance is X-linked (85%) or autosomal recessive (15%). Many renal physicians think of Alport syndrome as primarily affecting men. However, twice as many women are affected by the X-linked diseases. Affected women are commonly undiagnosed, but 15%–30% develop renal failure by 60 years and often hearing loss by middle age. Half of their sons and daughters are also affected. Autosomal recessive Alport syndrome is less common, but is often mistaken for X-linked disease. Recessive inheritance is suspected where women develop early-onset renal failure or lenticonus. Their family may be consanguineous. The prognosis for other family members is very different from X-linked disease. Other generations, including parents and offspring, are not affected, and on average only one in four of their siblings inherit the disease. All women with Alport syndrome should have their diagnosis confirmed with genetic testing, even if their renal function is normal, because of their own risk of renal failure and the risk to their offspring. Their mutations indicate the mode of inheritance and the likelihood of disease transmission to their children, and the mutation type suggests the renal prognosis for both X-linked and recessive disease. Women with X-linked Alport syndrome should be tested at least annually for albuminuria and hypertension. The “Expert guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Alport syndrome” recommend treating those with albuminuria with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade (and adequate birth control because of the teratogenic risks of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors), believing that this will delay renal failure. Current recommendations are that women with autosomal recessive Alport syndrome should be treated with RAAS blockade from the time of diagnosis. In addition, women should be offered genetic counseling, informed of their reproductive options, and monitored closely during pregnancy for the development of hypertension.
RNA Regulation of Lipotoxicity and Metabolic Stress
Authors: Caputa George , Schaffer Jean E.
Published: June 2016

Noncoding RNAs are an emerging class of nonpeptide regulators of metabolism. Metabolic diseases and the altered metabolic environment induce marked changes in levels of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that a growing number of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs serve as critical mediators of adaptive and maladaptive responses through their effects on gene expression. The metabolic environment also has a profound impact on the functions of classes of noncoding RNAs that have been thought primarily to subserve housekeeping functions in cells—ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs. Evidence is accumulating that these RNAs are also components of an integrated cellular response to the metabolic milieu. This Perspective discusses the different classes of noncoding RNAs and their contributions to the pathogenesis of metabolic stress.
De Novo Lipogenesis Products and Endogenous Lipokines
Authors: Yilmaz Mustafa , Claiborn Kathryn C. , Hotamisligil Gökhan S.
Published: June 2016

Recent studies have shown that in addition to their traditionally recognized functions as building blocks, energy stores, or hazardous intermediates, lipids also have the ability to act as signaling molecules with potent effects on systemic metabolism and metabolic diseases. This Perspective highlights this somewhat less apparent biology of lipids, especially focusing on de novo lipogenesis as a process that gives rise to key messenger molecules mediating interorgan communication. Elucidating the mechanisms of lipid-dependent coordination of metabolism promises invaluable insights into the understanding of metabolic diseases and may contribute to the development of a new generation of preventative and therapeutic approaches.
Quand les films inquiètent
Authors: Souillès-Debats Léo
Published: June 2016

La programmation des films à destination des élèves soulève des réactions très vives de la part des parents au nom de la morale et du développement psychologique de leurs enfants. Ces réactions témoignent de craintes légitimes ainsi que d’un manque de confiance envers les dispositifs d’accompagnement.
Voir sans avoir vu
Authors: Desplechin Arnaud , Bujon Anne-Lorraine , Desbarats Carole , Guichoux Arthur
Published: June 2016

Les images de terreur ne s’adressent pas à nous ; elles ricanent comme les négationnistes. Parce qu’elles excluent l’apparition d’un visage, elles empêchent toute compassion. Au contraire, on ne peut filmer la mort qu’en tremblant, comme on approcherait le sacré.
Vivre pour manger
Authors: Béja Alice
Published: June 2016

Dans les livres, à la télévision, dans les rues de nos villes, la gastronomie et la cuisine sont aujourd’hui omniprésentes. Cette obsession gastronomique émerge précisément au moment où la société française traverse une crise profonde.
L’esprit du dialogue social : de la loi du 20 août 2008 aux accords collectifs relatifs au droit syndical et à la représentation des salariés
Authors: Dirringer Josépha
Published: June 2016

La loi du 20 août 2008 a entendu renforcer la légitimité des syndicats de salariés, notamment en fondant leur représentativité sur l’audience électorale recueillie au niveau de l’entreprise. Il est difficile de dire aujourd’hui si le pari est gagné, mais il n’en demeure pas moins que cette loi a largement reconfiguré les relations collectives de travail au niveau des entreprises et des groupes. Assurément, l’étude des accords collectifs de groupe et d’entreprise ayant pour objet la représentation collective des salariés montre que les interlocuteurs sociaux ont pris la mesure des changements intervenus. Elle fait aussi apparaître comment, bien souvent, la loi est venue donner un écho plus grand à ce que les accords collectifs avaient déjà eux-mêmes entrepris à une échelle plus modeste. Sans doute la recherche que le présent article retrace invite-t-elle à une réflexion plus importante. Le sceau législatif ainsi donné au dialogue social a-t-il profité aux organisations syndicales ou n’a-t-il pas plutôt posé un jalon supplémentaire sur le chemin de l’entreprise autoréglementée ?
Services de soutien utilisés par les parents migrants d’un enfant en situation de handicap
Authors: Bétrisey Carine , Tétreault Sylvie , Piérart Geneviève , Desmarais Chantal
Published: June 2016

Prendre soin d’un enfant en situation de handicap implique de relever des défis au quotidien, ce qui rend les parents vulnérables dans toutes les sphères de leur vie. Lorsque s’ajoute à ce vécu un parcours migratoire, les sources de difficultés augmentent, obligeant les parents à s’adapter en même temps à leur nouvel environnement de vie et à la prise en charge de leur enfant. Bien que des services de soutien existent pour aider les parents à ne pas s’épuiser dans leurs responsabilités, peu d’études démontrent dans quelle mesure cette aide sert aux familles migrantes, population en augmentation dans de nombreux pays. En interrogeant 28 parents dans cette situation lors d’entrevues semi-dirigées au Québec, il est question de mieux saisir l’utilisation des services de soutien et de déterminer les facteurs de recours aux mesures d’aide formelle. Les résultats de l’analyse thématique exploratoire indiquent que cinq éléments-clés peuvent expliquer ce recours. Une réflexion en découle sur la nécessité d’adapter les mesures d’aide aux attentes et aux besoins spécifiques des familles migrantes.
Loss of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPN22 Reduces Mannan-Induced Autoimmune Arthritis in SKG Mice
Authors: Sood Shatakshi , Brownlie Rebecca J. , Garcia Celine , Cowan Graeme , Salmond Robert J. , Sakaguchi Shimon , Zamoyska Rose
Published: June 2016

The cytoplasmic phosphatase, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22), is a negative regulator of T cell signaling. Genome-wide association studies have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in PTPN22 confer an increased risk of developing multiple autoimmune diseases in humans. The precise function of PTPN22 and how the variant protein contributes to autoimmunity is not well understood. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of PTPN22 deficiency on disease susceptibility in a mouse model of autoimmune arthritis. The SKG mouse expresses a hypomorphic mutant allele of ZAP70, which, upon exposure to fungal Ags, predisposes the mice to a CD4+ T cell–mediated autoimmune arthritis that closely resembles rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Surprisingly, SKG Ptpn22−/− mice developed less severe mannan-induced arthritis compared with SKG mice. Diminution of disease was not due to significant alterations in thymocyte development or repertoire selection in SKG Ptpn22−/− mice, even though T cell–mediated signal transduction was improved. Instead, Ptpn22 deficiency appeared to bias CD4 Th cell differentiation away from the Th17 lineage, which is pathogenic in this setting, to a more Th1/T regulatory–focused response. These data show that even small perturbations in TCR signal transduction pathways can have profound consequences on the differentiation of T cell lineages and thus for the development of autoimmune diseases.
Compliance to HIV treatment monitoring guidelines can reduce laboratory costs
Authors: Cassim Naseem , Coetzee Lindi M. , Schnippel Kathryn , Glencross Deborah K.
Published: June 2016

Background: Panel tests are a predetermined group of tests commonly requested together to provide a comprehensive and conclusive diagnosis, for example, liver function test (LFT). South African HIV antiretroviral treatment (ART) guidelines recommend individual tests for toxicity monitoring over panel tests. In 2008, the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) request form was redesigned to list individual tests instead of panel tests and removed the ‘other tests’ box option to facilitate efficient ART laboratory monitoring.Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate changes in laboratory expenditure, for individual and panel tests, for ART toxicity monitoring.Method: NHLS Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) data were extracted for HIV conditional grant accounts to assess ART toxicity monitoring laboratory expenditure between 2010/2011 and 2014/2015. Data were classified based on the tests requested, as either panel (LFT or urea and electrolytes) or individual (alanine transaminase or creatinine) tests.Results: Expenditure on panel tests reduced from R340 million in 2010/2011 to R140m by 2014/2015 (reduction of R204m) and individual test expenditure increased from R34m to R76m (twofold increase). A significant reduction in LFT panel expenditure was noted, reducing from R322m in 2010/2011 to R130m in 2014/2015 (60% reduction).Conclusion: Changes in toxicity monitoring guidelines and the re-engineering of the NHLS request form successfully reduced expenditure on panel tests relative to individual tests. The introduction of order entry systems could further reduce unnecessary laboratory expenditure.Keywords: HIV;ART;Toxicity Monitoring;Expenditure
Perspectives from Mothers on Child Maintenance and Family Well Being: Policy Implications
Authors: Henry Paulette Andrea
Published: June 2016

Very often mothers are left to bear the social, emotional and financial burdens of parenting when relationships between parents do not work out. Although fathers claim to yearn for better relationships with their children, poor relations with mothers of their children is often cited as the primary reason for their estranged relationships with their children. Building upon an initial research undertaken to ascertain the impact of child support, father child relationships and family well being, this article will present the findings from a survey undertaken with mothers to garner perspectives on child maintenance and family well-being. It will seek to suggest mechanisms which can influence policy for child maintenance and parent child relations when parents are separated with the intent towards the improvement of child and family wellbeing.
Testing the Traditional CCAPM in the US: A Revisit
Authors: Tsuji Chikashi
Published: June 2016

This study re-examines the traditional consumption-based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) by largely updating US monthly samples of consumption and stock market return and following the methodology of generalized method of moments (GMM) with instrumental variables of Hansen and Singleton (1982). As a result, our investigations reveal the following facts for the US stock market. First, 1) in the cases of the CCAPM with consumption for nondurable goods and the CCAPM with consumption for nondurable goods and services, their discount rate parameters almost always take similar values that are slightly less than one. Next, 2) their risk aversion parameters more stably take small minus values in the CCAPM with consumption for nondurable goods than in the CCAPM with consumption for nondurable goods and services. Third, 3) in our empirical examinations, all estimated CCAPMs with two kinds of consumption are not rejected by the J-tests.
Artificial Inoculation of AM Fungi Improves Nutrient Uptake Efficiency in Salt Stressed Pea (Pissum Sativum L) Plants
Authors: Meça Eriola , Sallaku Glenda , Balliu Astrit
Published: June 2016

The study aimed to investigate the effects of commercially available AMF inoculate (Glomussp. mixture) on the growth and the nutrient acquisition of field pea (Pissum sativumL) plants. Inoculated (AMF+) and non-inoculated (AMF-) pea plants were subjected to two levels of salinity by the addition of sodium chlorate into the tap water (0 and 50mM NaCl). Several times during the growing cycle, in randomly selected plants the morphology of root system was analyzed and the dry matter of roots and the aboveground biomass were individually measured. Furthermore, plant tissue samples were analyzed regarding N, P and K concentration and the total uptake and specific absorption rate of these elements (SARN, SARP, SARK) per unit of root length, root surface area and root volume were calculated. Saline irrigation water strongly diminished the growth of pea plants and strongly reduced the absorption capacity of their root system. The inoculation of AM fungi in the growing substrate contributed to the increase of plant biomass and alleviation of the salinity stress by improving the specific absorption rate of main nutrient elements by the root system.  Therefore, the artificial inoculation of AM fungi could be considered as an effective alternative to improve growth of pea plants under saline irrigation water conditions.
On the Dichotomy between the Psychological or Empirical Aspect of Subjective Probability and the Logical or Geometrical One
Authors: Angelini Pierpaolo , Maturo Antonio
Published: June 2016

In the domain of the logic of certainty we examine the objective notions of the subjective probability with the clear aim of identifying their fundamental characteristics before the assignment, by the individual, of the probabilistic evaluation. Probability is an additional and subjective notion that one applies within the range of possibility, thus giving rise to those gradations, more or less probable, that are meaningless in the logic of certainty. Each criterion for evaluations under conditions of uncertainty is a device or instrument for obtaining a measurement; it furnishes an operational definition of probability or prevision P and together with the corresponding conditions of coherence can be taken as a foundation for the entire theory of probability. When we examine these criteria and their corresponding conditions of coherence we show the inevitable dichotomy between the subjective or psychological or empirical aspect of probability and the objective or logical or geometrical one.
Gradient and Likelihood Ratio Tests in Cure Rate Models
Authors: Carneiro Hérica P. A. , Valença Dione M.
Published: June 2016

In some survival studies part of the population may be no longer subject to the event of interest. The called cure rate models take this fact into account. They have been extensively studied for several authors who have proposed extensions and applications in real lifetime data. Classic large sample tests are usually considered in these applications, especially the likelihood ratio. Recently  a new test called \textit{gradient test} has been proposed. The gradient statistic shares the same asymptotic properties with the classic likelihood ratio and does not involve knowledge of the information matrix, which can be an advantage in survival models. Some simulation studies have been carried out to explore the behavior of the gradient test in finite samples and compare it with the classic tests in different models. However little is known about the properties of these large sample tests in finite sample for cure rate models. In this work we  performed a simulation study based on the promotion time model with Weibull distribution, to assess the performance of likelihood ratio and gradient tests in finite samples. An application is presented to illustrate the results.
The Strange Death of the Law Merchant
Authors: McBain Graham
Published: June 2016

The Strange Death of the Law Merchant
Identification of novel anti‐leishmanials targeting glutathione synthetase of the parasite: a drug repurposing approach
Authors: Sarma Manash , Bora Kushal , Ranjan Preeti , Dubey Vikash Kumar
Published: September 2024

Drug repurposing has emerged as an effective strategy against infectious diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis. Here, we evaluated four FDA‐approved drugs–valrubicin, ciclesonide, deflazacort, and telithromycin—for their anti‐leishmanial activity on Leishmania donovani parasites, especially their ability to target the enzyme glutathione synthetase (LdGS), which enables parasite survival under oxidative stress in host macrophages. Valrubicin and ciclesonide exhibited superior inhibitory effects compared to deflazacort and telithromycin, inhibiting the promastigotes at very low concentrations, with IC50 values of 1.09 ± 0.09 μm and 2.09 ± 0.09 μm, respectively. Subsequent testing on amastigotes revealed the IC50 values of 1.74 ± 0.05 μm and 3.32 ± 0.21 μm for valrubicin and ciclesonide, respectively. Molecular and cellular level analysis further elucidated the mechanisms underlying the anti‐leishmanial activity of valrubicin and ciclesonide.
Nucleophilic Substitution Enables MXene Maximum Capacitance and Improved Stability
Authors: Xu Jiang , Longchamps Ryan S. , Wang Xi , Hu Bingqing , Li Xude , Wang Shijian , Li Lvzhou , Gu Yaokai , Cao Xiaoting , Yuan Ningyi , Ge Shanhai , Wang Guoxiu , Ding Jianning
Published: September 2024

Combining the merits of battery and supercapacitor into a single device represents a major scientific and technological challenge. From a design perspective, electrode material plays a key role in the device and the fundamental difficulty lies in incorporating a high density of active sites into a stable material with excellent charge transfer kinetics. Here, the synthesis is reported of a nearly full‐oxygen‐functionalized 2D conductive transition metal carbide (Ti3C2Oy) with ultrahigh density of Ti─O/═O redox‐active sites by nucleophilic substitution and in situ oxidation under the presence of a proper electrophilic reagent (K+). The fabricated electrode delivered exceptionally high gravimetric and volumetric capacitance (1,082 F g−1 and 3,182 F cm−3 in a potential window of 0.85 V, approximating the theoretical capacity of many transition metal oxides), fast charging/discharging in tens of seconds across a wide range of temperature (−70 to 60 °C), and excellent structural and chemical stability. These promising results provide avenues for the development of high‐energy, high‐power storage devices as well as electromagnetic shielding, and electronic and optoelectronic devices.
In Situ Monitoring of Dynamic Loads on Shafting via Nanogenerators
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Zhu Jianyang , Liu Ruoshui , Zhang Xiaosong , Li Hengyu , Yang Zheng , Cai Zhaobing , Gu Le , Cheng Xiaojun , Cheng Tinghai
Published: September 2024

Dynamic loads are inevitably generated during the operation of rotating machinery. In situ monitoring the dynamic loads is of great significance for assessing shafting health. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is sensitive to motion but not suitable for load monitoring, while piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is just the opposite. Therefore, the combination of the two can complement each other. From this, a dynamic load monitoring smart bearing (DLMSB) integrated with TENG and PENG is proposed. The specially designed TENG can produce an “M‐waveform”, which can be used to extract rotation frequency and distinguish the quadrant of the rotor. Meanwhile, applying PENG to capture the load condition of the bearing, and referring to the main frequency of M‐waveform, it is convenient to obtain the dynamic loads of shafting. Furthermore, a real‐time monitoring system is developed, which can realize not only real‐time monitoring of the rotation speed and dynamic loads magnitude but also the quadrant discriminating of dynamic loads. The results have shown that the monitoring error for dynamic loads is 3 N or 5.5%, and the accuracy rate for determining the quadrant of the dynamic loads can reach 93%. This study provides a novel approach for the in situ monitoring of mechanical operating status via nanogenerators.
Initiator‐Free Crosslinking Process Without Organic Solvent for Polymer Gel Electrolyte of Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Park Sanghyun , Song Chi Keung , Jung Mincheol , Jeon Seong Min , Chae Changhee , Song Woo‐Jin , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: September 2024

For the next generation of lithium batteries, polymer‐based electrolytes are promising candidates for resolving issues from liquid electrolytes such as leakage, flammability, and explosion. Various attempts have been carried out to develop polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc., resulting in suppression for dendrite growth on Li metal and mechanical support against internal or external shock as well. Among these polymer electrolytes, PEO has been widely used due to their relatively high ionic conduction through the hopping of Li ions. Herein, poly(GAP‐co‐THF) diol (PGT) having a similar main chain to PEO while containing azide groups in a side chain is synthesized. To enhance the processability of polymer electrolytes, the thermal crosslinking process is performed via azide‐alkene cycloaddition between PGT and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide without any initiators and organic solvents. Thickness controllable thin film of polymer electrolyte is obtained after the crosslinking process, resulting in outstanding advantages with respect to stacking of batteries. To check the electrochemical stabilities and cell performances of these polymer electrolytes, cyclic voltammetry, linear symmetric voltammetry, LiFePO4∥Li cell, and Li symmetric cell tests are accomplished.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Dehydro‐Diels–Alder Reaction: Atom‐Economical Synthesis of Axially Chiral Carbazoles
Authors: Chen Hua‐Hong , Chen Yang‐Bo , Gao Jun‐Zhe , Ye Long‐Wu , Zhou Bo
Published: September 2024

The dehydro‐Diels–Alder (DDA) reaction is a powerful method for the construction of aromatic compounds. However, the enantioselective DDA reaction has been rarely developed, probably due to the competitive thermal reaction. Herein, we report a copper‐catalyzed enantioselective DDA reaction through vinyl cation pathway. The reaction leads to the atom‐economical synthesis of axially chiral phenyl and indolyl carbazoles in generally excellent yields with good to excellent atroposelectivities. This methodology represents the first example of non‐noble metal‐catalyzed enantioselective DDA reaction. Notably, new chiral ligand and organocatalyst derived from the constructed axially chiral carbazole are demonstrated to be useful in asymmetric catalysis.
Opal‐Inspired SiO2‐Mediated Carbon Dot Doping Enables the Synthesis of Monodisperse Multifunctional Afterglow Nanocomposites for Advanced Information Encryption
Authors: Guan Shuaimeng , Chen Xue , Yu Rui , Xu Weidong , Wu Zhongbin , Doug Suh Yung , Liu Xiaowang , Huang Wei
Published: September 2024

Despite recent advancements in inorganic and organic phosphors, creating monodisperse afterglow nanocomposites (NCs) remains challenging due to the complexities of wet chemistry synthesis. Inspired by nanoinclusions in opal, we introduce a novel SiO2‐mediated carbon dot (CD) doping method for fabricating monodisperse, multifunctional afterglow NCs. This method involves growing a SiO2 shell matrix on monodisperse nanoparticles (NPs) and doping CDs into the SiO2 shell under hydrothermal conditions. Our approach preserves the monodispersity of the parent NP@SiO2 NCs while activating a green afterglow in the doped CDs with an impressive lifetime of 1.26 s. Additionally, this method is highly versatile, allowing for various core and dopant combinations to finely tune the afterglow through core‐to‐CD or CD‐to‐dye energy transfer. Our findings significantly enhance the potential of SiO2 coatings, transforming them from merely enhancing the biocompatibility of NCs to serving as a versatile matrix for emitters, facilitating afterglow generation and paving the way for new applications.