bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental representations of immigrants encode racialized expectations of socio-structural positions
Authors: Martinez Joel Eduardo , Oh DongWon , Todorov Alexander
Published: September 2021

Illegalized immigrants are mentally associated with specific visual expectations (e.g., dark-skinned threats) and classifications (e.g., Latin American, Syrian, poor, economic drains). However, these findings provide only partial accounts of how migrant illegality is represented: visual representations could shift depending on the various societal positions or categories illegalized immigrants occupy. We therefore introduce a factorial cross-categorical reverse correlation design where online participants (N = 480) visualized immigrants simultaneously associated with certain documentation statuses (documented or undocumented), economic circumstances (job or welfare), and nationalities (Mexican, Irish, Chinese, or Nigerian). The resulting images and evaluations by naïve samples (N = 345) highlighted that: 1) illegality is not always visually encoded as darker skin, 2) affective face expressions hint at racialized expectations of European vs. non-European immigrants’ societal positions in the U.S., and 3) disaggregation of a target category is critical for understanding the relationship between categorical and visual mental representations.
An Online Trier Social Stress Paradigm to Evoke Affective and Cardiovascular Responses
Authors: DuPont Caitlin Marie , Pressman Sarah , Reed Rebecca G , Marsland Anna , Manuck Stephen N. , Gianaros Peter J.
Published: September 2021

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, prior studies have modified the Trier Social Stress Test to be conducted remotely. The current report aimed to extend these studies to test whether a remote Trier Social Stress Test (rTSST) can elicit (a) affective, (b) blood pressure, and (c) heart rate responses relative to a control condition and whether these responses were reliable when assessed one week later. Participants (N = 99, 19.7 ± 3.5 years, 55% female) were randomized to a control or stress condition. Controls completed easier versions of the tasks with a single, friendly researcher. Stress participants performed more difficult versions of the task in front of two judges who participants believed were rating their performance. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every two minutes throughout, while affect was assessed at baseline, after the final task, and following recovery. The rTSST was feasible to administer with minimal technical issues reported. Results suggest that lower positive affect and higher negative affect were reported during the tasks in the stress condition relative to controls. Similarly, stress participants had higher cardiovascular responses during the tasks relative to controls, except that blood pressure was not elevated during mental arithmetic in stress participants relative to controls. Cardiovascular responses demonstrated good test-retest reliability when assessed one week later, especially when computed using area under the curve methods. Overall, a rTSST can be used to elicit affective and cardiovascular reactivity and provides an opportunity to include participants previously unreachable for in-person laboratory procedures.
Pervasive failure to report properties of visual stimuli in experimental research in psychology and neuroscience: two metascientific studies
Authors: Lin Zhicheng , Ma Qi , Huang Xiaolin , Wu Xuebing , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2021

Transparency in research reporting is crucial for evaluating the reproducibility and validity of research, including potential confounding factors (internal validity) and generalizability (external validity). Here we focus on visual stimuli—stimuli routinely used to elicit mental processes and behaviors—as a case study to systematically assess and evaluate current practices in reporting visual characteristics, including display setup, stimulus size, luminance/color, and contrast. Our first study scrutinized recent publications (N = 360) involving visual stimuli in leading journals in neuroscience and psychology—spanning vision, cognitive, clinical, developmental, and social/personality psychology. The second study examined recent publications (N = 114) on visual attentional bias in clinical samples, involving tasks known to be sensitive to visual properties. Analyzing the full text and supplemental materials of each publication, the two studies reveal a systematic lapse in current practices of reporting characteristics of visual stimuli. This reporting failure was not due to authors making visual materials available online, which was rare (<20%) and could not replace the reporting of visual characteristics. Failure to report stimulus properties hinders efforts to build cumulative science: 1) direct replications become challenging if not impossible; 2) internal validity may be compromised; and 3) generalizability across stimulus properties is prematurely assumed, and its evaluation is precluded in the first place. Our findings have immediate implications for journal policies on reporting practices, urging for explicit emphasis on transparent reporting of stimulus properties, particularly when perceptual components are involved. To assist in this effort, we provide reporting templates.
A Primer on Design and Data Analysis for Cognitive Pupillometry
Authors: Reilly Jamie , Zuckerman Bonnie , Kelly Alexandra
Published: September 2021

This chapter presents an accessible overview of methodological considerations, open questions, and solutions to common problems encountered conducting a valid and reliable cognitive pupillometry study. Topics include historical evolution of pupillary measurement techniques, parameterization of the human task-evoked (cognitive) pupil response, individual differences, and idiosyncratic anatomical constraints imposed by the human eye.
A framework to address cognitive biases of climate change
Authors: Zhao Jiaying , Luo Yu
Published: September 2021

We propose a framework that outlines several predominant cognitive biases of climate change, identifies potential causes, and proposes debiasing tools, with the ultimate goal of depolarizing climate beliefs and promoting actions to mitigate climate change.
The Role of Underspecification in RC Attachment: Speed-accuracy tradeoff evidence
Authors: Logacev Pavel
Published: September 2021

A number of studies have found evidence for the so-called ambiguity advantage, that is, faster processing of ambiguous sentences compared to unambiguous counterparts. While a number of proposals regarding the mechanism underlying this phenomenon have been made, the empirical evidence so far is far from unequivocal. It is compatible with several theories, including strategic underspecification (Swets et al., 2008), race models (Van Gompel et al., 2000; Logacev and Vasishth, 2016), and a more recent coactivation-based account (Dillon et al., 2019). While all three classes of theories make matching predictions for the average time to complete RC attachment in ambiguous compared to unambiguous sentences, their predictions diverge with regard to the minimum completion times. The speed-accuracy tradeoff procedure was used to test the predictions of all three classes of theories. According to a hierarchical Bayesian model, the speed-accuracy tradeoff functions (SATFs) for ambiguous RC attachment conditions show an earlier departure from chance performance than in either high or low attachment conditions. The results further indicate increased asymptotic accuracy in the ambiguous condition but no increase in processing rate. Taken together, this pattern of results is compatible with the strategic underspecification model and coactivation-based accounts, but not with race models.
Uber, superexploração do trabalho e o capitalismo de plataforma em contexto de pandemia: novas e velhas formas de controle e resistência
Authors: Felix Gil
Published: September 2021

O artigo analisa as condições de trabalho dos/as trabalhadores/as da empresa Uber e de demais empresas de aplicativos, assim como as formas de resistência que estão sendo empregadas por eles/as, nacional e internacionalmente. Dada a característica autônoma das suas manifestações frente aos meios de convocação e às direções dos organismos sindicais tradicionais e, em particular, dadas as reivindicações imediatas de caráter internacionalista, o artigo conclui uma possível agenda de comparação com as manifestações e movimentos anti-globalização de massa até então em voga.
Evaluating integrated assessment models of global climate change - From philosophical aspects to practical examples
Authors: Schwanitz Valeria Jana
Published: September 2021

Integrated Assessment Models of Global Climate Change are an established tool to explore possible pathways of climate change mitigation and adaptation. The models are a quantitative backbone for IPCC reports. But can the models be trusted? This manuscript discusses how the models can be scrutinized and where limits to model validation exist.
La Falla de las Encuestas en las Elecciones Argentinas de 2019. Un Análisis en Perspectiva Comparada Internacional (The Failure of the Polls in the 2019 Argentine Elections. An Analysis in International Comparative Perspective)
Authors: Jorge Jose Eduardo , Miró Ernesto Marcelo
Published: September 2021

Abstract (English): The performance of polls in the 2019 Argentine elections reached its lowest point since democratic restoration in 1983. Their errors were much greater than those observed in recent years in mature democracies, where there is talk about a crisis of this type of surveys. In the primaries, Argentine pollsters widely underestimated the advantage of the Everyone's Front opposition alliance over the governing Together for Change. But after adjusting their methods, in the general election they overestimated that advantage by similar margins. We analyze both failures in an international comparative perspective. Vote intention data for president was used to calculate error indicators and compare them with current international averages and those of past decades, and with errors in several electoral cycles in the US and the UK. We examine ongoing changes in the survey industry, falling response rates, and causes of error identified by new academic studies and work commissioned by professional associations in the field of public opinion research. This literature shows that pre-election polls are no more inaccurate today than in the past and underlines the importance of "non-sampling" errors, particularly those produced by non-response bias, when the probability of participating in a poll is lower for certain groups, such as people with little interest in politics or low social or institutional trust. These types of errors and their causes are now better understood and procedures can be designed to improve the accuracy of estimations. We also discuss the impact of inaccurate polls on political strategies and the media narrative of elections, as well as the difficulty for pollsters, journalists and political actors to acknowledge and communicate the levels of uncertainty associated with electoral predictions. Our analysis highlights basic limitations of the polling industry and public opinion research in Argentina, such as the lack of a professional association and the incipient development of electoral behavior studies. Pollsters were surprised when voters punished the government because of the economic crisis, even though it was the most likely scenario according to a not very large but significant set of empirical studies on economic voting in Argentina and Latin America. The substantial errors in 2019 have implications for the reliability of issue polling, which may show a distorted picture of opinions in Argentine society.
Income-related inequalities in health care utilization among old adults in six LMICs: China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian and South Africa
Authors: Ruan Hangqing
Published: September 2021

Common and long-running concern across the world relates to the impact of increasing population aging on health care utilization and more evidence about the inequality in health care utilization by older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is necessary for assessing the capacity of health care systems in LMICs to align with the universal health coverage agenda. In this paper, using data from WHO Study on Global Ageing and adult health (SAGE) in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation and South Africa, the multi-national magnitude in inequality of health care use is measured by concentration index in each country. The results show that a pro-rich inequality in health care utilization existed: China Mexico and Ghana show up with a high degree of inequality in outpatient service utilization; most of the countries show up with a low level of inequality for inpatient service (except China). Then especially India, but also Ghana, South Africa, and China, show up with a high degree of inequality and inequity in chronic diseases service utilization. However, there doesn’t appear to be one system characteristic of inequality in health care utilization since these six countries all have very diverse characteristics with different stages of the demographic and epidemiological transitions. The decomposition shows that income itself is the most important but not the only driving factor. And the distribution of education, health insurance, and urban/rural residents are the prime other contributors to health inequality. Also, this paper shows that inequalities for non-communicative diseases service utilization in LMICs produce big challenges, which underlines the role of prevention and health promotion throughout the life course to help reduce the burden due to non-communicable diseases. This paper provides a number of new insights on population aging’s impact on health care utilization in low- and middle-income countries.
Bulbs and Biographies, Pine Nuts and Palimpsests: Exploring Plant Diversity and Earth Oven Reuse at a Late Period Plateau Site
Authors: Carney Molly , Guedes Jade d'Alpoim , Wohlgemuth Eric , Tushingham Shannon
Published: September 2021

Earth ovens, hearths, and middens are common archaeological features in western North America that contain the residues of everyday activities. Ethnographic and archaeological research indicates these in-ground food preparation features were frequently reused over many months and years. These quotidian features therefore can be productively thought of as having use-lives or biographies. Here we present a framework for interpreting these archaeological food preparation feature biographies and the palimpsest nature of earth oven features. We illustrate the value of this framework through paleoethnobotanical analysis of archived soil samples from a bulk food processing site on the Columbia-Fraser Plateau in northeastern Washington State. While this site and other food preparation sites throughout the Plateau are largely interpreted as remains of intensive geophyte processing, our finds indicate that a wide range of economic plants were processed at this location, indicative of a dynamic and flexible subsistence system. We suggest that residents and visitors to the Pend Oreille Valley from ca. 2700-500 cal BP frequently returned to and reused earth oven features as they processed multiple plant food taxa including nodding onion (Allium cernuum), camas (Camassia quamash) goosefoot chenopod seeds (cf. Chenopodium atrovirens), and pine nuts (Pinus spp.). We see a biographical approach as a potential solution to the common “palimpsest problem” and suggest this framework may be a fruitful way of investigating multiple food preparation recipes, methods, and events, as well as adding paleoenvironmental datasets to biographical or life-history archaeological rhetoric.
Potential demographic dividend for India, 2001 to 2061: A macro-simulation projection using the spectrum model
Authors: Jain Neha , Goli Srinivas
Published: September 2021

This paper projects potential demographic dividend for India for the period from 2001 to 2061 by using simulation modelling software, Spectrum 5.753 which integrates demographic and socio-economic changes. Two key findings, after checking their robustness, from the simulation modelling are: First, the effective demographic windows of opportunity for India is available for the period between 2011 and 2041, giving India roughly 30 years of demographic bonus. It is the period where the maximum of the first demographic dividend can be reaped before the ageing burden starts. Second, favourable demographic changes alone provide a demographic dividend of over 165,000 rupees (almost an additional 43 percentage) in terms of GDP per capita by 2061 when integrated with supporting socio-economic policy environment in terms of investment in human capital, family planning, decent employment opportunities, the rapid pace of urbanization, and agricultural growth.
The Social Practice and Regulation of Cycling as ‘A Boy’s Thing’ in Irish Secondary Schools
Authors: Egan Robert , Hackett Jane
Published: September 2021

Despite low levels of cycling to secondary education across the adolescent population in Ireland, there is, in addition, a pronounced inequality in rates of ridership between teenage girls and boys, with nearly 10 times as many boys cycling to school compared to girls. In light of this disparity, the Green-Schools #andshecycles campaign was created to explore and address the cycling gender gap among second-level students. Emerging from this campaign, this paper details qualitative research exploring this gender gap, drawing on focus groups with teenage girls and boys across Ireland. Using grounded theory methodology, a theory of cycling as ‘A Boy’s Thing’ was generated. This theory makes sense of how cycling as a social practice in continually enacted, reproduced and regulated as a practice of and for boys among Irish adolescents, through related practices of exemplifying masculinity, incompatible femininity and processes of gender regulation. It has significant implications in considering the effects of gender as a configuration of social practice (Connell, 2005) or performance (Butler, 1990) on cycling, and how cycling is a uniquely gendered practice/performance in particular contexts. In light of this theoretical interpretation, two approaches for tackling the Irish second-level cycling gender gap are provided: first, promoting cycling among teenage girls by making cycling more compatible with dominant practices of femininity; second, promoting cycling among teenage girls by publicly rejecting and subverting dominant practices of femininity and processes of gender regulation relating to cycling in present day Ireland.
NUGGET TEMPE DENGAN SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG KACANG MERAH SEBAGAI PANGAN KAYA ZAT BESI
Authors: NURHAYATUN RETNO AYU , SARI FITRI KOMALA , PIBRIYANTI KARTIKA
Published: September 2021

Tempe adalah makanan khas Indonesia yang terbuat dari biji kedelai yang difermentasi dengan jamur Rhizopusoligosporus. Tempe memiliki daya simpan yang singkat, sehingga membutuhkan pengolahan lanjutan untukmemperlama daya simpan. Nugget yang sering beredar di pasaran adalah nugget dengan bahan baku dagingatau ikan, sedangkan nugget dengan bahan baku tempe jarang dijumpai. Kacang merah merupakan sumberyang baik untuk karbohidrat kompleks, protein, vitamin B, kalsium, fosfor dan zat besi. Salah satu carapemanfaatannya adalah dengan mengolahnya menjadi tepung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisispengaruh substitusi tepung kacang merah terhadap nugget tempe sebagai pangan kaya zat besi. Metode yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktordengan 5 (lima) kelompok perlakuan, 4 (empat) kelompok eksperimen dan 1 (satu) kelompok kontrol. Analisisstatistik yang digunakan adalah one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc tukey dengan derajatkepercayaan 95%. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu substitusi tepung kacang merah terhadap nugget tempe tidakberpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar proksimat dan uji mutu hedonik tekstur dengan p value >0.05. Namunberpengaruh signifikan terhadap uji hedonik secara keseluruhan dan mutu hedonik warna, aroma, rasa sertakadar zat besi dengan p-value <0.05. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah substitusi tepung kacang merahberpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kesukaan, mutu hedonik, dan kadar zat besi nugget tempe.
Contradiction and Paradoxes in J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace
Authors: Sharma Khum Prasad
Published: September 2021

J.M Coetzee’s Disgrace is a portrayal of characters in a social context of South Africa where the writer himself was brought up. It throws light on the new social milieu of post apartheid society where Lucy, a white is raped by a black African. She seems to accept this heinous deed with an ease by giving it a historical blend. She understands her rape as a black’s way of taking revenge for what whites have treated the blacks in the past. She considers it different from the universal concept of rape as a forceful sex. By making the blacks raping the white woman, Coetzee seems to be rewriting the African history and in this he dismantles the black/white dichotomy. So, I contend to carry out that Disgrace being a highly paradoxical and contradictory novel presents a world dying without hope and fear. It exposes the intellectual insecurity in South Africa which proves to be a threat to white man’s stability and culture.
Rewriting the History through the Standpoint of Margin: A Rereading of B.P. Koirala’s Atmabrittanta
Authors: Lamichhane Yog Raj
Published: September 2021

Atmabrittanta is a unique and transcribed autobiography of B. P. Koirala - a thinker and a statesman. Rewriting the history from the standpoint of margin is the prime issue of this work. It includes mainly painful, romantic, adventurous and even terrible anecdotes of different people which took place for the establishment and reactivation of democracy and pitiless plot against it. Those events which were historically marginalized and excluded in history are included in Atmabrittanta. The interim impulse of truth and power as well as the formation of discourses are scrutinized through some selective happenings. B. P. Koirala highlights the contemporary marginal issues and illustrates how the ink of authority is abused to craft one-sided and monolithic history. In this way, the text becomes the common experience of general people beyond author’s journey of life and contradicts the mainstream history with full testimony of rebel. All these issues that walk off through the narrative make the autobiography more political than personal.
Study on the fluorination of dysprosium oxide by ammonium bifluoride for the preparation of dysprosium fluoride
Authors:   Institute for Technology of Radioactive and Rare Elements, Nguyen Trong Hung , Le Ba Thuan ,   Institute for Technology of Radioactive and Rare Elements, Nguyen Thanh Thuy ,   Institute for Technology of Radioactive and Rare Elements
Published: September 2021

In this report, dysprosium fluoride (DyF3) - a material for the preparation of dysprosium (Dy) metal was prepared by the fluorination of dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) by ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) reagent. The effect of reaction time and temperature on the formation of dysprosium fluoride salt has been studied. The phase composition and crystal structure of the obtained products were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal analysis techniques were applied to determine the temperature range of the fluorination. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) was used for external morphology observation and chemical elemental composition analysis. The results showed that the high purity phase of DyF3 was formed at the conditions: reaction time and temperature of >1 h and >350oC, respectively. The product is available for the preparation of Dy metal by metallothermic reduction.
A Study on the Evaluation of the Socioeconomic Effects of Sugar Factories: A Case of Kastamonu
Authors: ÇİMENDEROĞLU Seda , ERENOĞLU Oya
Published: September 2021

Since the first periods of the Republic, great importance has been attached to the industry in Turkey. One of the most important of these is sugar factories. The sugar adventure, which started with the first opened Uşak and Alpullu Sugar Factory, continued with the Kastamonu Sugar Factory opened in 1963. In this study, it was aimed to examine the socioeconomic effects of sugar beet agriculture and sugar production on Kastamonu. For this purpose, the survey method, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in addition to the field studies carried out in the factory and district centers (Center, Devrekani, Tosya, Taşköprü and Seyçiler). With the questionnaire applied to 127 randomly selected farmers, it was aimed to measure the parameters such as the path followed by the local farmer in sugar beet production, the problems experienced, earnings, sowing and harvesting. Within the framework of the meeting held with the factory representative, information was provided about the works at the factory, privatization and the general situation of the farmers interested in sugar beet farming. According to the findings, sugar production in Kastamonu province is important in terms of creating a livelihood for the farmer and employment. In addition, the migration of the young population negatively affects the number of farmers in the region. The increase in fixed costs in production affects the farmer negatively. In particular, the regulation of input costs can be suggested as the main factor that will positively affect the yield in sugar beet.
Increasing energy efficiency of electric arc steelmaking furnace by improvement of aspiration system and recycling of melting dust.
Authors:   State Institution of Higher Education «Donetsk National Technical University», S. TIMOSHENKO
Published: September 2021

Electric arc furnace (EAF) is considered as a basis of promising micrometallurgical complexes of Ukraine with a flexible production program. It is important to increase energy efficiency of the furnace, which depends crucially on heat loss (up to 12-20% of energy input) and iron loss (up to 20-22 kg/t of steel) with off-gas through disadvantages, inherent for EAF aspiration system, in comparison with BOF one. Purpose of the work is to reduce heat and iron loss with off-gas environment and recycling of melting dust. Research methodology consists in numerical modeling of new solutions for EAF aspiration and liquid-phase reduction of iron. The concept and basic solutions of dispersed aspiration system and liquid-phase process of carbon-thermal reduction of iron-containing wastes in heat- generating slag bath of electric resistance furnace with bottom electrodes are developed and substantiated. It has been experimentally established that increasing the aspiration surface, its distribution between the central and peripheral parts of the roof and approaching to area of electrode passage reduces unorganized emissions into electrode gaps by 40 % and air inflow into slag door by 10 %. Simulation of thermal state of a hearth with liquid cast iron under a layer of slag, which emits Joule heat, showed the need for forced mixing of the bath under conditions that multiplier, taking into account the effect of convection on coefficient of stationary thermal conductivity in the slag bath is at least 2.7. Experimentally determined power consumption is 2.12−2.29 kWh/kg of metallized product, which corresponds to the best foreign analogue "ITmk3". Estimation of expected economic effect of developments in the conditions of 120-t EAF only due to reduction of iron loss with melting dust by using of dispersed aspiration system is about 5 million UAH per year.
Higher harmonics of zero sequence current and voltage as a source of information for single-phase earth fault protection.
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, V. SYVOKOBYLENKO , V. LYSENKO
Published: September 2021

Single-phase earth faults in networks with ungrounded neutral are common and belong to a wider class of high-impedance damage. The problem of protection against such damage is quite complex and has been actively studied around the world in recent decades. In this article, it is proposed to use the information contained in the high-frequency components of the current and voltage of the zero-sequence during the transient process of insulation damage for targeted protection. The method of selection of high-frequency components is considered. The possibility of using a Petersen coil in the network is considered, as well as the probable deviation from the resonant tuning of the Petersen coil. The peculiarities of the transient process depending on the instantaneous voltage at the moment of a short circuit are investigated. Simulation of single-phase short circuits with different active resistance in the short circuit place is carried out. The spectral composition of zero-sequence currents and voltages during the transient process is analyzed. The dependence of the power of high-frequency components on the quality of Petersen coil tuning, instantaneous voltage at the time of short circuit, and active resistance at the time of short circuit is investigated. The principle of protection is based on determining the direction of the total reactive power of the higher harmonics of currents and voltages of zero sequence and the numerically found derivatives. The results of mathematical modeling showed that at the moment when the phase is closed to the ground, due to the recharging of the capacitance of the phase conductors in currents and voltages of zero sequence, higher harmonics occur. The power of the harmonics from the second to the tenth can be compared with the power of the first harmonic and they should be used for protection. Positive results of work of the offered way of protection at mathematical modeling and at tests on a laboratory stand are received.
Methods of analysis of possible states of the object diagnosis.
Authors:   Training center «Quantum», A. VAZHYNSKYI , S. ZHUKOV
Published: September 2021

The development of new methods of technical diagnostics is an important task aimed at improving the efficiency and safety of the operation of industrial equipment. Such methods are complexes of jointly used methods for obtaining diagnostic information, methods for extracting from it the actual data on the technical state of the diagnosed objects, and methods for organizing diagnostic processes. Complex technical systems are characterized by complex nonlinear interactions between their constituent elements, complex scenarios of causal relationships between hazardous, probabilistic events and processes occurring during their operation. These scenarios can be implemented in complex scenario trees. Features of technical diagnostics of complex technical systems are determined by the distinctive properties of failures in such systems and scenarios. The technical diagnostics system is an information-measuring system and contains sensors of controlled parameters, communication lines with an information collection unit, executive devices, devices for interfacing with other information-measuring and control systems. Methods of technical diagnostics serve as the basis for constructing such a system. The current level and prospects for the development of diagnostic tools, flaw detection and automated control open real possibilities of using methods of maintenance and repair of equipment by a technical condition. The greatest effect from the use of such a system is achieved when operating complex equipment, preventive repair of which is associated with high costs, and emergency repair.
EQUALIZING BUILDING LOAD DIAGRAM BY THE METHOD OF RANDOM COMPONENT COMPENSATION WHEN CONNECTING A GROUP OF KINETIC ENERGY STORAGES TO POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM.
Authors:   State Institution of Higher Education “Donetsk National Technical University", N. SAVCHENKO
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of a theoretical study of the process of regulating the load diagram while compensating its random component by connecting a group of kinetic energy storages devices to the power supply system of the administrative building. Daily load diagrams of the administrative building are presented in the form of an additive model. The definition of the law of load distribution is validated. The structure of group of kinetic power storages connecting to the power supply system of administrative building has been developed to compensate the random component of the load diagram. A method of load diagrams equalizing by random component compensating is proposed. Application of the proposed method of load equalizing will allow controlling effectively the capacity of load in the building’s internal power supply system.
Investigation of overvoltage in electrical networks.
Authors:   State Institution of Higher Education «Donetsk National Technical University», G. SHEINA
Published: September 2021

The paper considers the processes that occur in power lines and power transformers at atmospheric and switching overvoltages. Atmospheric overvoltages are divided into two types: direct, which occur due to a direct lightning strike; and induction - occur at any switching. Direct overvoltages reach values sufficient to cover the insulation of any voltage class. Protection of power transmission lines from them - suspension of grounded lightning protection cables, protection of substation equipment - installation of lightning rods. It is important to study the wave processes in power lines that occur when switching, which occurs when the power supply is turned on, when disconnected from the power supply, in the event of short circuits, when power lines are struck by lightning. In addition, it is important to study the wave processes in power transformers, the effect of the pulse corona, the effect of overvoltage on the transformer windings. In a more detailed analysis of the processes, the following conclusions were made: 1) under the condition of the same mains voltage, the voltage wave will be higher in the cable transmission line than in the air, due to the difference in impedance. 2) in the XX mode, the load current will drop to zero, and the load voltage will double. The voltage of the reflected wave will keep the sign. In short-circuit mode, the load voltage will drop to zero and the load current will double. The voltage of the reflected wave will change the sign. Thus, when the substation equipment is under a voltage close to XX, there is a probability of equipment damage during atmospheric overvoltages. 3) For substations that are powered by overhead power lines, it is advisable to use a tank to smooth the slope of the refracted wave, and for substations that are powered by cable transmission lines, it is advisable to use inductance to smooth the slope of the refracted wave. 4) Inductance and capacitance can have a significant effect on the amplitude of the voltage wave, provided that. 5) Capacitance performs protective functions in all directions, both refracted and reflected wave, and inductance only smooths the refracted wave. The obtained relations can be used to study the overvoltage in the connection nodes of node substations.
Search for the optimal topology of artificial neural networks based on multidimensional Legendre polynomials.
Authors:   State Institution of Higher Education «Donetsk National Technical University», D. OSTRENKO , O. KOLLAROV
Published: September 2021

Earlier in [1], it was concluded that it is necessary to improve the learning algorithms of neural networks operating in systems that generate electricity using renewable energy sources. This article is intended to acquaint the reader with a new type of activation functions of artificial neural networks (ANN), namely - the use of Legendre polynomials, as well as a new method of learning ANN, when this process is not sequential, as usual, but in parallel. The accepted statements made it possible to make sure that the new, designed neural network has better properties (such as training time and less value of learning error) than the standard ones. The relevance of this topic lies in the following provisions: - improving the interaction between the solar station and artificial intelligence systems, through increased productivity; - taking into account the transients in the electrical network by means of intelligent control, through the use of neural networks of the proposed architecture. The developed neural networks have found their application in the work of a photovoltaic station. Their main purpose is to fulfill the forecast in the electrical networks of the amount of generated power. To successfully complete the task, the following goals were set and solved: to analyze and compare standard activation functions and algorithms for ANN training, to show methods and describe the improvement of networks, to demonstrate the application of developed ANN in photovoltaic problems. This article was designed to acquaint with the new method of building neural networks, which is based on seeing the transmission of signals in a non-sequential way, such as parallel, with certain features of the connection with which it was given in the text. The paper also demonstrates the use of the Legendre polynomial using qualitative neural network activation functions that work with solar panels. For confirmation in the article the answers to calculations are given. In future materials it is planned to streamline in more detail the process of modeling and compiling a mathematical calculation for the construction of neural networks.
USE OF THERMAL PROCESSES TO OBTAIN ELECTRICITY.
Authors:   State Institution of Higher Education «Donetsk National Technical University", E. LYUBIMENKO , A. SHTEPA , D. SIKIRIN
Published: September 2021

As a result of the analysis of the research results, it is easy to see that the voltage at the output of our electrothermal generator increases with increasing temperature difference between the surface of the heating system pipe and the aluminum air cooling radiator, between which are Peltier elements. However, the efficiency of such a generation is much lower than the efficiency indicated in the development guides of the corresponding model of the Peltier element (Appendix B). The reason for this is, obviously, the negative impact of the applied structural elements of the created model, which reduce the efficiency of heat transfer between the source of the temperature difference and the Peltier element. The step-up voltage converter used in the created model allows to receive necessary for power supply of useful devices of 5 V of a voltage on an output of the generator, but according to the parameters, this device needs a certain (though rather small) voltage on the input. In the study without load, we were able to obtain at the output of the converter 5 V standard voltage at a temperature difference ΔT = 16.1 ° C. Instead, in the second study, when the output of the converter was used as a source for the cooling fan, the required 5 V was achieved only at ΔТ = 23.2 ° С. This temperature difference is easily achieved by the surface of the heating radiator and the air of the living space during the heating season. That is, a generator based on four Peltier elements TPP 1 - 12706 will really be able to produce the required amount of electricity to power useful devices and charge mobile devices. Of particular interest is the result of a study of the efficiency of active air cooling, powered by the output of our generator. As we can see, the voltage at the Peltier elements under the conditions of the current at the generator output (Fig. 4, dependence 4) is noticeably lower than that in the case of the no-load experiment (Fig. 4, dependence 1). But only until the step-up converter can provide a voltage of 5 V (Fig. 4, dependence 3 has a jump near ΔT = 23.2 ° C) to power the fan active cooling radiator! After that, the active cooling fan is switched on and the generation efficiency becomes higher than that during the idling study. This means that the use of active cooling of the radiator makes sense in such devices. The scientific novelty of the work is to confirm the possibility of creating a heat generator using as a source of energy available in everyday life temperature difference, in particular, obtained the characteristics of the modern Peltier element. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the device at home when using a heated battery to obtain electricity that can be used to connect a flashlight, humidifier, charge the fitness bracelet.
Simulation of a hybrid photovoltaic system with a storage battery for a local object in the case of energy management using forecast.
Authors:   State Institution of Higher Education «Kiev National University of Technologies and Design», O. SHAVOLKIN , M. PIDHAYNYY , Y. STANOVSKYI
Published: September 2021

The issues of increasing the efficiency of a hybrid photovoltaic system with a storage battery for a local object by improving energy management by forecasting with simulation of energy processes in the system are considered. It is proposed to combine the functions of ensuring the auxiliary needs of the object with the planned generation of energy to the grid for the day ahead during peak hours. In the absence of generation to the grid in the case of sufficient energy from the photovoltaic and storage batteries, the system operates in an autonomous mode. To reduce energy consumption from the network, it is proposed to switch to work with the grid with predicting the degree of battery charge and correcting the load power when the voltage decreases within acceptable limits. To study the efficiency of energy management according to the forecast, simulation modeling of energy processes in the daily cycle was used. The developed model with a block for predicting the degree of battery charge allows you to investigate the operation of the system under various weather conditions with an estimate of the cost of paying for electricity from the grid at multizone billing. In this case, the archived data of the forecast of the generation of a photovoltaic battery from open web resources were used. The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed solutions and the possibility of reducing costs even in the absence of generation to the grid. The solutions obtained are the basis for the design of software control complexes for photovoltaic systems with batteries with improved energy efficiency
Efficiency of electricity use by mine drainage plants.
Authors:   State Institution of Higher Education «Donetsk National Technical University", V. KALINICHENKO , D. KARDASH , V. KONDRATENKO
Published: September 2021

The experience of operating mine drainage plants indicates significant consumption of electricity consumed by pump electric motors. This situation of mine drainage is not always justified. Sometimes this can be caused by the operation of the components of the pumping unit (pump, electric motor, pipeline, electrical network) with underestimated efficiency. The article describes the methodology and provides methods for monitoring the efficiency of the use of electricity both as a whole by the drainage system and its constituent elements. The most vulnerable of the components of the drainage system is the pumping units themselves. This is primarily due to the complexity of the design of the pumps, the presence of moving parts and significant pressures during their operation. It is generally recommended to use a pressure gauge on the discharge line, a vacuum gauge on the water inlet side, and a flow meter to measure the pump flow to monitor the pump unit. In addition to these devices, for the diagnosis of unsatisfactory pump operation, it is recommended to additionally install a manometer that measures the pressure in the unloading chamber, a manometer that measures the pressure behind the unloading disc and a flow meter that measures the water flow in the unloader. The indicators of the proposed three control devices make it possible to determine by calculation such important pump parameters as the value of the axial force and the dimensions of the end and annular clearances of the unloading unit. This technique can be used as the basis for technical diagnostics and rational organization of the operation of existing installations. This allows you to control and promptly eliminate malfunctions that occur during the operation of drainage, save valuable equipment and eliminate wasteful energy costs.
Study of the solar power plant power generation forecasting model.
Authors:   State Institution of Higher EducationState Institution of Higher Education «Donetsk National Technical University», D. KARDASH , E. LYUBIMENKO, , V. KONDRATENKO , N. TYUTYUNNYK , I. PRYDATKO
Published: September 2021

The question of determining the possible capacity of a photovoltaic power plant is very acute due to the growing demand for renewable energy, coupled with the fact that during the day we have limited time to generate energy from such a source. Thus, based on the obtained analytical data, which allows to predict weather conditions, it is possible to regulate the amount of energy supplied to the network in a certain way due to more maneuverable power plants. In previous years, electrical engineering scientists and researchers from different countries have developed and implemented methods for determining weather conditions, such as clouds, air temperature, atmospheric dust and others, as well as their impact on the energy output of a solar power plant. A photovoltaic panel is a complex nonlinear object with many variables. In addition to the structural features of the module, the output is most affected by solar radiation and panel temperature. When researching the prediction of the amount of energy produced, it is important to find sufficiently reliable and consistent data. At the forefront of these issues are US universities and research centers. For example, the University of Nevada in Las Vegas, in 2006 put into operation a set of measurements of weather conditions: the level of sunlight, ambient temperature, wind speed, humidity and others. When calculating the power generated by the panels, it is assumed that the system operates at the point of maximum power. The scheme works as follows: we set the values of temperature (Temperature) and irradiation (Irradiance); we apply voltage to the output terminals of the array by changing its value from 0 to Voc. We take current readings at each point, we find the power for each point, we find the maximum among the obtained array of points. Repeat over the entire range of input values. Thus, we obtain a graph of the output power of Figs. 4 pre-considering the losses in the inverter.