bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les règles prudentielles et les immobilisations incorporelles dans l’UEMOA
Authors: Alemdjrodo Richard
Published: December 2019

Les fonds propres (entre autres, les bénéfices non distribués et les autres réserves tels qu’ils figurent au bilan) doivent servir à renforcer les banques. Ainsi, parmi les mesures introduites par Bâle III se trouvent les normes sur le risque de liquidité qui obligent les banques à sélectionner des actifs facilement cessibles sans perte de valeur pour alimenter leur trésorerie en cas de difficulté à cause de retraits massifs de la clientèle ou de l’assèchement du marché interbancaire. En outre, ces mêmes banques ont l’obligation de pondérer leurs actifs selon la qualité du risque. L’une des conséquences de cette obligation de pondération est qu’une augmentation du risque de contrepartie ou le développement des activités de marché devront être compensés par plus de fonds propres. Il est connu que beaucoup d’institutions bancaires à travers le monde ont du mal à respecter les règles prudentielles de Bâle (même les États-Unis ont tardé à adopter Bâle III), cet article a pour but d’analyser le respect du cadre réglementaire de Bâle III par l’Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africain (UEMOA) et sa banque centrale, la Banque Centrale des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (BCEAO). Pour y parvenir, il est analysé un exemple de composant des fonds propres, les immobilisations incorporelles, et la politique de la BCEAO (vis-à-vis des institutions de crédit de la zone UEMOA) par rapport à leur prise en compte dans les risques pondérés. Une analyse qui porte à la fois sur le droit bancaire et le droit comptable.
Du rouge au bleu Marine : évolution des communes rurales à l’ouest du département de l’Hérault
Authors: Crochet-Théry Marie-Paule
Published: December 2019

L’étude des votes frontistes entre 1984 et 2017 dans quarante-six petites communes rurales de l’Ouest héraultais, complétée par un travail monographique sur cinq d’entre-elles, montre un succès limité du FN jusqu’en 2011, suivi d’une progression linéaire jusque 2017. Sans sous-estimer le rôle joué par les difficultés socio-économiques du monde périphérique rural, les mutations sociologiques de la population de ces villages, composée de plus en plus majoritairement par des salariés du secteur tertiaire, apparaissent comme l’un des facteurs explicatifs de la croissance des votes en faveur du FN.
Le face à face hirak-pouvoir : La crise de la représentation
Authors: Dris Aït-Hamadouche Louisa , Dris Chérif
Published: December 2019

Depuis le soulèvement populaire du 22 février, la question se rapportant à la représentativité du hirak algérien a été lancinante. Comment un mouvement de masse d’une telle ampleur avec toutes ses déclinaisons spatiale, humaine et même temporelle a-t-il pu se déployer de manière pacifique et s’inscrire dans la durée, malgré les périodes où la mobilisation a connu un reflux ? Comment un mouvement dont aucune force politique, syndicale ou sociale n’a pu en revendiquer la paternité a-t-il pu obliger un président de la République à renoncer à un cinquième mandat et se poursuivre dans la durée tout en radicalisant ses revendications ?Face à une situation inédite où se mêlent contestation populaire et absence de médiation, quelles réponses les gouvernants ont-ils fourni ? Pour répondre à cette série de questions, nous proposons d’examiner l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’attachement des tenants du pouvoir au retour à un processus électoral contrôlé les pousse à chercher des acteurs ressources au sein de la contestation. Un choix facilité par une opposition partisane incapable de se transformer en médiatrice.
Entraves et conséquences de la nationalisation de la main d’œuvre dans le secteur de la pêche artisanale en Mauritanie
Authors: Cabré Marta Alonso
Published: December 2019

Dans cet article réalisé à partir de données recueillies sur le terrain entre les mois de juin et octobre 2018, nous proposons d’analyser les conséquences sociales de la prohibition de la main d’œuvre étrangère – essentiellement dite « sénégalaise » – dans le domaine de la pêche artisanale dans les eaux mauritaniennes. S’il est question, d’une part, de montrer l’impact de cette décision du gouvernement mauritanien sur la main d’œuvre, il s’agit également de donner à comprendre plus largement la façon dont ce choix politique entraîne certains Mauritaniens à devoir sans cesse prouver leur identité. Présenter une pièce officielle d’identité s’avère particulièrement difficile pour nombre d’entre eux, en particulier ceux qui peuvent être confondus avec des nationaux voisins, mais aussi pour ceux dont la vie est ancrée aux marges de la société.
The strange journey of Latawalujwa in Java, from two pre-Islamic goddesses to an elastic term for God
Authors: Ricklefs M. C.
Published: December 2019

In the early history of Islam, pre-Islamic female goddesses named Al-Lat and al-‘Uzza were regarded as particular threats to the new faith. They appeared in one of the oldest surviving Modern Javanese manuscripts, a Caritanira Amir written no later than 1629, as Lata wa-l-‘Uzza, their names being joined by the Arabic conjunction wa. This appears to be the key to later Javanese misunderstanding of these two names as a single one: Latawalujwa (or close variants thereof). This misunderstanding is even to be found in a Javanese translation of the Qur’an in Javanese (rather than Arabic) script, which refers to a singular “idol named Latawalnguza.” From the 18th to the early 20th centuries we find several Javanese examples of this singular name being used for a divinity, sometimes for God himself, sometimes for other sorts of divinities. The origin of this name in the two pre-Islamic idols seems to have been entirely forgotten.
La question de psychanalyse chez Michel Foucault
Authors: Dartigues Laurent
Published: December 2019

L’article s’intéresse à la manière dont Michel Foucault fait usage de la psychanalyse, dont il est un grand lecteur dans les années 1950, essentiellement de Freud. Si elle est parfois enrôlée au sein d’une « fonction-Psy » et ne fait pas l’objet d’un cours spécifique au Collège de France comme la psychiatrie, elle apparaît toutefois comme un problème de longue date, une référence qui persiste tout au long de l’œuvre de Foucault, même si elle est abordée de façon tout à fait pointilliste. En ce sens, elle a un statut à part au sein de cette fonction, parfois contradictoire, assez souvent obscur, tantôt matrice de toutes les institutions disciplinaires, tantôt forme de dépsychiatrisation hors de l’asile. À côté d’un usage « instrumental » asservi à la problématique du savoir-pouvoir pointent des usages tout à fait singuliers. Foucault triture ainsi le concept d’inconscient au point de le rendre tout à fait hétérogène au savoir élaboré par Freud et révisé par Lacan.
Silence bis repetita
Authors: Cros Michèle
Published: December 2019

Faire taire, c’est aussi ne pas montrer ou donner à voir de manière cryptée. Cet essai s’appuie sur un corpus de trois images du pays lobi burkinabè relatives à l’initiation patriclanique qui s’y déroule tous les sept ans. Ces images, muettes ou presque, se combinent à l’exposé de quelques péripéties du terrain rendant compte de leurs conditions de production où un taire pour renaître, constitutif de l’être initiatique au monde, se décline au quotidien. Cette couverture de cahier à jamais refermé, ce cliché échangé et ce dessin d’enfant prémonitoire invitent finalement à une retenue langagière, imagière et scripturale via la diffusion d’un savoir-taire élémentaire – sauf à vouloir « briser sa tête ». Ce pacte de silence s’impose avec plus d’acuité encore au temps du Net et en période d’ouverture au tourisme. Ces images impossibles à diffuser ou à capturer relèvent d’une éthique de la parole en actes.
 Acesso do transfronteiriço aos serviços de saúde em cidades gêmeas do Paraná/ Cross-border access to health services in twin cities of Paraná
Authors: Aikes Solange , Frizon Rizzoto Maria Lucia
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: compreender a dinâmica de acesso do transfronteiriço aos serviços de saúde. Método: pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de campo em quatro cidades gêmeas do Paraná (Foz do Iguaçu, Guaíra, Santo Antônio do Sudoeste e Barracão). Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista semiestruturada aplicada aos gestores de saúde e submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: quatro categorias temáticas discutidas criticamente com a literatura, observou-se no estudo que a) há um maior acolhimento nos municípios menores, sobretudo na atenção básica; b) o financiamento como principal entrave para o acesso do transfronteiriço; c) a decisão discricionária do profissional de saúde no momento do atendimento face à ausência de diretrizes institucionalizadas que perdurem. Considerações finais: verificou-se que o acesso ao serviço de saúde do transfronteiriço é instável e confuso, mas  a disseminação do pensamento integrador e de solidariedade entre os povos, a partir do nível local, poderá contribuir para ampliar a noção de cidadania e de acolhimento ao transfronteiriço.
The success in the short-distance communication for mating does not depend on chemical signals in the crustacean decapod Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)
Authors: Peddio Stefania , Sollai Giorgia , Podda Cinzia , Frau Giacomo , Palmas Francesco , Sabatini Andrea , Crnjar Roberto , Solari Paolo
Published: December 2019

Pheromone-driven sex recognition has been widely documented in crayfish and a great deal of evidence supports the involvement of pheromones in their mating behaviour. This study investigates whether sexual interaction and mating success in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii are dependent on short-distance chemical communication between sexes, mediated by urine-borne pheromones. We compared the mating behaviour of intact animals that could release urine to chemically communicate in a natural way with that of urine-blocked animal pairs, for which chemical communication was precluded. Our results show that urine-borne pheromones are not critical for the reproductive success of P. clarkii, at least over the short-range distance (<1 m) considered in this study, during which the animals were confined in a restricted tank, facing one each other, and thus able to promptly mate. Under these experimental conditions, a lack of urine release neither precluded the occurrence, nor affected the duration of the different phases of mating behaviour. We conclude that short-distance chemical communication in P. clarkii is not a prerequisite for mating, and suggest that it could be affected by alternative sensory modalities, likely vision and/or acoustic signalling.
Classification of the Tatra Mountain lakes in terms of the duration of their ice cover (Poland and Slovakia)
Authors: Gadek Bogdan , Szumny Mirosław , Szypuła Bartłomiej
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the results of a classification of the Tatra lakes based on the duration of their ice cover, altitude, volume, and potential incoming solar radiation (PISR). It is embedded in the context of the impact of current climate change on the mountain environment. A digital elevation model, morphometric data, satellite imagery from the winter seasons of 2015-2017 and the Wrocław taxonomy method were used in the study. It was found that the order of freezing and thawing of the lakes investigated may change from year to year. The relationship between ice cover duration and altitude is clearly weakened by variations in lake volumes, with insolation having a noticeably lesser effect. Determining the duration of ice cover of the lakes over several seasons facilitates identifying the similarities and dissimilarities between them. Five groups of lakes displaying similar characteristics were identified as well as 2 groups of lakes with highly individual characteristics. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the duration of ice cover on the Tatra lakes has been shortening noticeably over the last 100 years. Small high-altitude lakes seem to be most vulnerable to climate change.
Keeping in touch the need for communication in physiotherapy
Authors: Bowerbank P.
Published: December 2019

The need for communication, at all levels, in physiotherapy, is stressed. Communication is defined and characteristics of the communication model are given, viz. openness, empathy, support, positiveness, equality, content and relationships. Areas of communication such as verbal communication, listening, nonverbal communication, touch, proximity, facial expression and written communication are discussed.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Oral Tranexamic Acid with that of the Topical Modified Kligman's Formula in the Treatment of Melasma
Authors: Bansal Aditi , Sardesai Vidyadhar R.
Published: December 2019

Context:

Melasma is an acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation presenting over the face. Modified Kligman's formula is used most commonly as treatment modality. Considering the various side effects of individual components of topical modified Kligman's formula, the use of oral tranexamic acid might be a better and safer alternative for the treatment of melasma.

Aims:

This study aims to compare the efficacy of oral tranexamic acid with that of topical modified Kligman's formula in the treatment of melasma. To assess the degree of improvement in pigmentation objectively using Melasma Area and Severity Index at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment with oral tranexamic acid and topical modified Kligman's formula and to compare the side effects, if any, associated with both the modalities.

Settings and Design:

This was randomized, comparative, prospective, open-labeled study.

Methods:

This study was done in a tertiary care hospital from September 2018 to June 2019. Overall, 40 patients with clinical diagnosis of melasma were included in the study.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Paired t-test and unpaired t-test.

Results:

Improvement was noted in patients belonging to both the groups. After applying paired t-test, it was found that results were statistically significant in both the treatment groups. When both the groups were compared statistically using unpaired t-test, both the groups showed statistically equivalent results.

Conclusions:

Both oral tranexamic acid and modified Kligman's formula were equally effective in the treatment of melasma. Oral tranexamic acid is a better and safer alternative than the modified Kligman's formula to initiate the treatment in melasma.
D-Penicillamine-induced Elastosis Perforans Serpiginosa in a Case of Wilson's Disease
Authors: Saini Shefali , Kharkar Vidya D. , Nagral Aabha
Published: December 2019

The use of D-penicillamine has been well established in various disorders, mainly Wilson's disease, cystinuria, and rheumatoid arthritis. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS) is a rare perforating dermatosis, occurring as an uncommon sequel of long-term high-dose D-penicillamine therapy. We present a rare case of EPS in a known case of Wilson's Disease on D-penicillamine therapy. Biopsy revealed characteristic “lumpy-bumpy” elastic fibers, a finding specific to penicillamine-induced EPS.
Assessment of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sebastian Juny , Ramesh Madhan , Mahin Chanchal Anandhy , Jose Linda , Sirasgi Vijayalaxmi Nagappa , Raveendran Adhirai
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are one of the significant clinical problems not only in dermatology practice but also in any areas where drug is involved.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, pattern, predictors, and direct cost associated with the management of CADRs.

Methodology:

It was a prospective, observational study which involved both spontaneous reporting and intensive monitoring. Study patients were followed throughout their hospital stay. Where a CADR was detected, all the required data were collected and analyzed. Bivariate regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of CADRs.

Results:

The incidence of CADRs was 25.01%. Drug classes most commonly implicated in CADRs were antibiotics (29.055%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (17.31%), antineoplastic drugs (11.17%), and antitubercular drugs (10.05%). Majority (66.48%) of the reactions were “probable” in their causality category. Serious CADRs accounted for 1.67%. There was a significant association between the occurrence of CADRs and the use of ≥2 medications, adult patients, and male gender. The total and average costs incurred in the management of CADRs were INR 61,116/- and 734/-, respectively.

Conclusion:

Among the study population, adults, male gender, and patients receiving ≥2 medications and patients who presented with ≥2 comorbidities were identified as the predictors for the development of CADRs. Hence, it is important to monitor closely the patients with the identified risk factors for the CADRs to minimize the complications associated with the CADRs.
Glucagonoma syndrome with atypical necrolytic migratory erythema
Authors: He Shujuan , Zeng Weihui , Geng Songmei , Jia Jinjing
Published: December 2019

Necrolytic migratory erythema is most commonly associated with glucagonoma syndrome. We report a rare case of glucagonoma syndrome with necrolytic migratory erythema presenting as pruritic papules and follicular pustules in a 57-year-old woman; showing eosinophilic infiltration on histology. However, the final diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating neuroendocrine tumour on histopathological examination of the liver metastases. Nutrition therapy was administered as a palliative treatment. This case also highlights the atypical clinical features and nonspecific histology of necrolytic migratory erythema which makes the diagnosis difficult.
Early ceramic styles and technologies in the Aegean and the Balkans:
Authors: Bonga Lily
Published: December 2019

Ceramics have always played a central role in defining the Neolithic period in southeastern Europe. Early Neolithic ceramic assemblages, forming techniques, clay recipes, shapes, decoration, and vessel function have been traditionally used to establish the chronology and cultural groups of a region based on a handful of purported type-sites. This paper presents a critical review of the literature on Early Neolithic pottery in Greece, highlighting how preconceptions shaped the research and interpretation of the data of not only the ceramics themselves, but also how those interpretive conclusions were projected into other aspects of Early Neolithic life, such as the gender and status of potters and the socio-functional use of pottery. The recent reevaluation of old and new absolute dates through Bayesian analysis, statistical modelling, and stratigraphic considerations has also helped to provide a more nuanced use of relative pottery chronologies. New archaeological evidence from Northern Greece as well as reevaluations of Knossos and the Franchthi Cave are highlighted.
The state of Early Linear Pottery Culture research in Slovakia
Authors: Beljak Pažinová Noémi , Daráková Tatiana
Published: December 2019

The article focuses on the current state of research of the first Neolithic culture in Slovakia.So far around 70 sites are known from Slovakia dated to the Early Linear Pottery Culture and the Early Eastern Linear Pottery Culture. Most of the sites are known only from surface collections, and in only four cases have dwellings been documented. Settlement features/pits have been discovered at around half the sites. Finally, we know graves from only four (and possibly five) sites. In the article we deal also with the elaboration of the Early LPC/ELPC material culture. We discuss pottery from the point of view of typology and decoration and other types of findings, such as chipped stone industry, ground and polished stones, small clay artefacts, daub, animal bones etc., are not omitted either. The goal is to evaluate the research possibilities of the Early LPC/ELPC in Slovakia.
New AMS dates from the Sub-Neolithic sites in the Southern Buh area (Ukraine) and problems in the Buh-Dnister Culture chronology
Authors: Haskevych Dmytro , Endo Eiko , Kunikita Dai , Yanevich Olexandr
Published: December 2019

Ideas about the origin of the Buh-Dnister Culture under the influence of the Danube Early Neolithic were questioned by series of radiocarbon dates falling into the second half of the 7th millennium BC measured on bones at the Kyiv laboratory in 1998–2004. To start addressing this problem, 11 AMS dates on organic inclusions in the ceramic paste and charred residues on the surface of vessels were obtained at the Tokyo University laboratory. Apart from two heavily overestimated values, measured on samples with very low carbon content, they fall into the range of the 60th–46th century BC that correspond better to the primary views of this chronology. However, the issues of the time and direction of spreading of the first pottery in the region need further research.
The chronology of Jäkärlä Ware – Bayesian interpretation of the old and new radiocarbon dates from Early and Middle Neolithic southwest Finland
Authors: Pesonen Petro , Oinonen Markku
Published: December 2019

The chronology of the eastern Fennoscandian Neolithic is organized with the help of pottery styles, one of which is southwestern Finnish Jäkärlä Ware. In this paper a number of new radiocarbon dates connected with Jäkärlä Ware and other relevant ceramic groups are presented and discussed. The radiocarbon dates of each group are modelled within a Bayesian chronological framework. Also, the potential reservoir effect in charred crust dates is estimated for each date based on stable carbon isotopic ratios of the crust samples and incorporated into models. Jäkärlä Ware appears to be a short-living and quite a isolated group, which had no chronological contacts with Sperrings 1–2 Wares, but with possible coexistence with Middle Neolithic Typical Comb Ware. Jäkärlä Ware is partly simultaneous with eastern Finnish asbestos-tempered Kaunissaari Ware, and forms with it a short chronological horizon in the turn of the Early and Middle Neolithic of eastern Fennoscandia.
Quantifying prehistoric physiological stress using the TCA method:
Authors: Penezić Kristina , Porčić Marko , Jovanović Jelena , Urban Petra Kathrin , Wittwer-Backofen Ursula , Stefanović Sofija
Published: December 2019

The Neolithic way of life was accompanied by an increase in various forms of physiological stress (e.g. disease, malnutrition). Here we use the method of tooth cementum annulation (TCA) analysis in order to detect physiological stress that is probably related to calcium metabolism. The TCA method is applied to a sample of teeth from three Mesolithic and five Neolithic individuals from the Central Balkans. The average number of physiological stress episodes is higher in the Neolithic group – but the statistical significance of this result cannot be evaluated due to the small sample size, therefore these results should be taken as preliminary.
The Early Eneolithic burial ground at Ekaterinovsky Cape in the forest-steppe Volga region
Authors: Korolev Arkadii , Kochkina Anna , Stashenkov Dmitry
Published: December 2019

The Ekaterinovsky Cape burial ground is located on the territory of the Samara region of Russia on the left bank of the River Volga. The excavation of the burial ground was carried out in 2013–2018. During this time we studied 100 graves, including sacrificial sites with ceramics of collar type and sacrificial complexes. Most of the skeletons were in an extended position on their backs. There are some skeletons on their backs with legs bent at the knees, secondary burials and separate burials of skulls. Ochre was used. The inventory included beads made from shells, stone products, animal teeth, bones and horns. There we distinguished graves with stone sceptres and zoomorphic rods made from the horn. The burial ground belongs to the Samara culture and dates from the second half of the 6th millennium BC.
Neolithization Process in the central Zagros:
Authors: Darabi Hojjat , Richter Tobias , Mortensen Peder
Published: December 2019

In the 1960–70s, fieldwork in the central Zagros Mountains produced evidence of early Holocene Neolithic settlements in this mountainous zone along the ‘Eastern wing’ of the Fertile Cre-scent. Following a long hiatus in fieldwork, new investigations have highlighted once more the po-tential of the transitional Neolithic (c. 9600–8000 BC) and early Neolithic (c. 8000–7000 BC) se-quence in this region. However, some of the pivotal sites that had originally been excavated in the 1960–70s were not published in adequate detail, leaving many questions unanswered. Recent field-work at Asiab and Ganj Dareh directed by the authors has sought to address the issues raised by these previously unpublished excavations. Here we summarise the results of our recent work at these two sites and discuss their implications for our understanding of neolithisation in the central Zagros.
IFRS 9 en Europese banken; het eerste toepassingsjaar verslagen
Authors: Huttenhuis Job , Bout Bert-Jan , ter Hoeven Ralph
Published: December 2019

In dit artikel wordt de impact van IFRS 9 onderzocht voor een populatie van Europese banken in het eerste toepassingsjaar van deze standaard en wordt de kwaliteit van toelichtingen beoordeeld. We observeren dat de overgang naar de IFRS 9-classificaties en de daaruit volgende waardering doorgaans beperkte impact heeft tot 0,1% van het balanstotaal. De stijging van de kredietvoorziening, gemiddeld 19,2%, als gevolg van het nieuwe afwaarderingsmodel in IFRS 9 heeft bij het merendeel van de banken een negatieve impact die kleiner is dan 2,5% van het eigen vermogen. Deze conclusie geldt ook voor de negatieve invloed op de (prudentiële) kernkapitaalratio, waarbij het gemiddelde ligt op 33 basispunten. Voor bijna de helft van de banken is de impact van IFRS 9 op hun kernkapitaalratio beperkt tot maximaal 25 basispunten. De verschillen tussen banken onderling zijn echter groot. Het overgrote deel van de banken blijft het hedge-accountingmodel van IAS 39 volgen. In de controleverklaringen van alle door ons onderzochte banken is minimaal één key audit matter gerelateerd aan IFRS 9 aangetroffen. Over de gehele linie van het artikel is het verschil in kwaliteit van vereiste toelichtingen opmerkelijk. De in dit artikel opgenomen best practices vormen een stimulans tot verbetering van deze kwaliteit.
Mechanistic study of the formation of ring-retaining and ring-opening products from the oxidation of aromatic compounds under urban atmospheric conditions
Authors: Zaytsev Alexander , Koss Abigail R. , Breitenlechner Martin , Krechmer Jordan E. , Nihill Kevin J. , Lim Christopher Y. , Rowe James C. , Cox Joshua L. , Moss Joshua , Roscioli Joseph R. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Kroll Jesse H. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Aromatic hydrocarbons make up a large fraction of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds and contribute significantly to the production of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Four toluene and four 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (1,2,4-TMB) photooxidation experiments were performed in an environmental chamber under relevant
polluted conditions (NOx∼10 ppb). An extensive suite of instrumentation including two proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometers (PTR-MS) and two chemical ionisation mass spectrometers (NH4+ CIMS and I− CIMS) allowed for quantification of reactive carbon in multiple generations of hydroxyl radical (OH)-initiated oxidation. Oxidation of both species produces ring-retaining products such as cresols, benzaldehydes, and bicyclic intermediate compounds, as well as ring-scission products such as epoxides and dicarbonyls. We show that the oxidation of bicyclic intermediate products leads to the formation of compounds with high oxygen content (an O:C ratio of up to 1.1). These compounds, previously identified as highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs), are produced by more than one pathway with differing numbers of reaction steps with OH, including both auto-oxidation and phenolic pathways. We report the elemental composition of these compounds formed under relevant urban high-NO conditions. We show that ring-retaining products for these two precursors are more diverse and abundant than predicted by current mechanisms. We present the speciated elemental composition of SOA for both precursors and confirm that highly oxygenated products make up a significant fraction of SOA. Ring-scission products are also detected in both the gas and particle phases, and their yields and speciation generally agree with the kinetic model prediction.
Understanding nighttime methane signals at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)
Authors: Botía B. Santiago , Gerbig Christoph , Marshall Julia , Lavric Jost V. , Walter David , Pöhlker Christopher , Holanda Bruna , Fisch Gilberto , de Araujo Alessandro Carioca , Sá Marta O. , Teixeira Paulo R. , Resende Angélica F. , Dias-Junior Cleo Q. , van Asperen Hella , Oliveira Pablo S. , Stefanello Michel , Acevedo Otávio C.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Methane (CH4) atmospheric mixing ratio measurements are analyzed for the period between June 2013 and November 2018 at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO). We describe the seasonal and diurnal patterns of nighttime events in which CH4 mixing ratios at the uppermost (79 m a.g.l.) inlet are higher than the lowermost inlet (4 m a.g.l.) by 8 ppb or more. These nighttime events were found to be associated with a wind direction originating from the southeast and wind speeds between 2 and 5 m s−1. We found that these events happen under specific nighttime atmospheric conditions when compared to other nights, exhibiting less variable sensible heat flux, low net radiation and a strong thermal stratification above the canopy were found. Our analysis indicates that even at wind speeds of 5.8 m s−1 the turbulence intensity, given by the standard deviation of the vertical velocity, is suppressed to values lower than 0.3 m s−1. Given these findings, we suggest that these nighttime CH4 enhancements are advected from their source location by horizontal non-turbulent motions. The most likely source location is the Uatumã River, possibly influenced by dead stands of flooded forest trees that may be enhancing CH4 emissions from those areas. Finally, biomass burning and the Amazon River were discarded as potential CH4 sources.
Ice crystal number concentration from lidar, cloud radar and radar wind profiler measurements
Authors: Bühl Johannes , Seifert Patric , Radenz Martin , Baars Holger , Ansmann Albert
Published: December 2019

Abstract. A new method for the retrieval of ice crystal number concentration (ICNC) from combined active remote-sensing measurements of Raman lidar, cloud radar and radar wind profiler is presented. We exploit – for the first time – measurements of terminal fall velocity together with the radar reflectivity factor and/or the lidar-derived particle extinction coefficient in clouds for retrieving the number concentration of pristine ice particles with presumed particle shapes. A lookup table approach for the retrieval of the properties of the particle size distribution from observed parameters is presented. Analysis of methodological uncertainties and error propagation is performed, which shows that a retrieval of ice particle number concentration based on terminal fall velocity is possible within 1 order of magnitude. Comparison between a retrieval of the number concentration based on terminal fall velocity on the one hand and lidar and cloud radar on the other shows agreement within the uncertainties of the retrieval.
A neural network radiative transfer model approach applied to the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument aerosol height algorithm
Authors: Nanda Swadhin , de Graaf Martin , Veefkind J. Pepijn , ter Linden Mark , Sneep Maarten , de Haan Johan , Levelt Pieternel F.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. To retrieve aerosol properties from satellite measurements of the oxygen A-band in the near-infrared, a line-by-line radiative transfer model implementation requires a large number of calculations. These calculations severely restrict a retrieval algorithm's operational capability as it can take several minutes to retrieve the aerosol layer height for a single ground pixel. This paper proposes a forward modelling approach using artificial neural networks to speed up the retrieval algorithm. The forward model outputs are trained into a set of neural network models to completely replace line-by-line calculations in the operational processor. Results comparing the forward model to the neural network alternative show an encouraging outcome with good agreement between the two when they are applied to retrieval scenarios using both synthetic and real measured spectra from TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) on board the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-5 Precursor mission. With an enhancement of the computational speed by 3 orders of magnitude, TROPOMI's operational aerosol layer height processor is now able to retrieve aerosol layer heights well within operational capacity.
Retrieval of Eddy Dissipation Rate from Derived Equivalent Vertical Gust included in Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
Authors: Kim Soo-Hyun , Chun Hye-Yeong , Kim Jung-Hoon , Sharman Robert D. , Strahan Matt
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Some of the Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) data include a turbulence metric of the derived equivalent vertical gust (DEVG), in addition to wind and temperature. As the cube root of the eddy dissipation rate (EDR) is the International Civil Aviation Organization standard turbulence reporting metric, we attempt to retrieve the EDR from the DEVG for more reliable and consistent observations of aviation turbulence globally. Using the DEVG in the AMDAR archived from October 2015 to September 2018 covering a large portion of the Southern Hemisphere and North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, we convert the DEVG to the EDR using two methods, after conducting quality control procedures to remove suspicious turbulence reports in the DEVG. The first method is to remap the DEVG to the EDR using a lognormal mapping scheme, while the second one is using the best-fit curve between the EDR and DEVG developed in the previous study. The DEVG-derived EDRs obtained from the two methods are evaluated against in situ EDR data reported by United States-operated carriers. For two specified regions of the trans-Pacific Ocean and Europe, where both the DEVG-derived EDRs and in situ EDRs were available, the DEVG-derived EDRs obtained by the two methods are generally consistent with in situ EDRs, with slightly better statistics by the first method than the second one. This result is encouraging for extending the aviation turbulence data globally with the single preferred EDR metric, which will contribute to the improvement of global aviation turbulence forecasting as well as to the construction of the climatology of upper-level turbulence.
The onset of Asian Monsoons: a modelling perspective
Authors: Tardif Delphine , Fluteau Frédéric , Donnadieu Yannick , Le Hir Guillaume , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Sepulchre Pierre , Licht Alexis , Poblete Fernando , Dupont-Nivet Guillaume
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The Cenozoic onset and development of the Asian monsoons remain unclear and have generated much debate, as several hypotheses regarding circulation patterns at work in Asia during the Eocene have been proposed in the last decades. These include a) the existence of modern-like monsoons since the early Eocene; b) that of a weak South Asian Monsoon (SAM) and little to no East Asian Monsoon (EAM) or c) a prevalence of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations, also referred to as Indonesian-Australian Monsoon (I-AM). As SAM and EAM are supposed to have been triggered or enhanced primarily by Asian paleogeographic changes, their possible inception in the very dynamic Eocene paleogeographic context remains an open question, both in the modeling and field-based communities. We investigate here Eocene Asian climate conditions using the IPSL-CM5A2 earth system model and revised paleogeographies. Our Eocene climate simulation yields atmospheric circulation patterns in Asia substantially different from modern. A large high-pressure area is simulated over the Tethys ocean, which generates intense low tropospheric winds blowing southward along the western flank of the proto Himalayan Tibetan plateau (HTP) system. This low-level wind system blocks, to latitudes lower than 10° N, the migration of humid and warm air masses coming from the Indian Ocean. This strongly contrasts with the modern SAM, during which equatorial air masses reach a latitude of 20–25° N over India and southeastern China. Another specific feature of our Eocene simulation is the widespread subsidence taking place over northern India in the mid troposphere (around 5000 m), preventing deep convective updraft that would transport water vapor up to the condensation level. Both processes lead to the onset of a broad arid region located over northern India and over the HTP. More humid regions of high seasonality in precipitations encircle this arid area, due to the prevalence of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations (or Indonesian-Australian Monsoon, I-AM) rather than monsoons. Although the existence of this central arid region may partly result from the specifics of our simulation (model dependence, paleogeographic uncertainties) and has yet to be confirmed by proxy records, most of the observational evidence for Eocene monsoons are located in the highly seasonal transition zone between the arid area and the more humid surroundings. We thus suggest that a zonal arid climate prevailed over Asia before the onset of Monsoons that most likely occurred following Eocene paleogeographic changes. Our results also show that precipitation seasonality should be used with caution to infer the presence of a monsoonal circulation and that the collection of new data in this arid area is of paramount importance to allow the debate to move forward.
Sequential changes in ocean circulation and biological export
productivity during the last glacial cycle: a model-data study
Authors: O'Neill Cameron M. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Ellwood Michael J. , Opdyke Bradley N. , Eggins Stephen M.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We conduct a model-data analysis of the ocean, atmosphere and terrestrial carbon system to understand their effects on atmospheric CO2 during the last glacial cycle. We use a carbon cycle box model SCP-M, combined with multiple proxy data for the atmosphere and ocean, to test for variations in ocean circulation and biological productivity across marine isotope stages spanning 130 thousand years ago to the present. The model is constrained by proxy data associated with a range of environmental conditions including sea surface temperature, salinity, ocean volume, sea ice cover and shallow water carbonate production. Model parameters for global ocean circulation, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and Southern Ocean biological export productivity are optimised in each marine isotope stage, against proxy data for atmospheric CO2, δ13C and ∆14C and deep ocean δ13C, ∆14C and carbonate ion. Our model-data results suggest that global overturning circulation weakened at marine isotope stage 5d, coincident with a ∼ 25 ppm fall in atmospheric CO2 from the penultimate interglacial level. This change was followed by a further slowdown in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and enhanced Southern Ocean biological export productivity at marine isotope stage 4 (∼−30 ppm). There was also a transient slowdown in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at MIS 5b. In this model, the last glacial maximum was characterised by relatively weak global ocean and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, and increased Southern Ocean biological export productivity (∼−15–20 ppm during MIS 2–4). Ocean circulation and Southern Ocean biology rebounded to modern values by the Holocene period. The terrestrial biosphere decreased by ∼ 500 Pg C in the lead up to the last glacial maximum, followed by a period of intense regrowth during the Holocene (∼ 750 Pg C). Slowing ocean circulation, a cooler ocean and, to a lesser extent, shallow carbonate dissolution, contributed ∼−75 ppm to atmospheric CO2 in the ∼ 100 thousand-year lead-up to the last glacial maximum, with a further ∼−10 ppm contributed during the glacial maximum. Our model results also suggest that an increase in Southern Ocean biological productivity was one of the ingredients required to achieve the last glacial maximum atmospheric CO2 level. The incorporation of longer-timescale data into quantitative ocean transport models, provides useful insights into the timing of changes in ocean processes, enhancing our understanding of the last glacial maximum and Holocene carbon cycle transition.
1 km monthly temperature and precipitation dataset for China from 1901 to 2017
Authors: Peng Shouzhang , Ding Yongxia , Liu Wenzhao , Li Zhi
Published: December 2019

Abstract. High-spatial-resolution and long-term climate data are
highly desirable for understanding climate-related natural processes. China
covers a large area with a low density of weather stations in some (e.g.,
mountainous) regions. This study describes a 0.5′ (∼ 1 km)
dataset of monthly air temperatures at 2 m (minimum, maximum, and mean proxy monthly temperatures, TMPs)
and precipitation (PRE) for China in the period of 1901–2017. The dataset
was spatially downscaled from the 30′ Climatic Research Unit (CRU) time
series dataset with the climatology dataset of WorldClim using delta spatial
downscaling and evaluated using observations collected in 1951–2016 by 496
weather stations across China. Prior to downscaling, we evaluated the
performances of the WorldClim data with different spatial resolutions and
the 30′ original CRU dataset using the observations, revealing that their
qualities were overall satisfactory. Specifically, WorldClim data exhibited
better performance at higher spatial resolution, while the 30′ original CRU
dataset had low biases and high performances. Bicubic, bilinear, and
nearest-neighbor interpolation methods employed in downscaling processes
were compared, and bilinear interpolation was found to exhibit the best
performance to generate the downscaled dataset. Compared with the
evaluations of the 30′ original CRU dataset, the mean absolute error of the new dataset (i.e., of the 0.5′ dataset downscaled by bilinear interpolation) decreased by 35.4 %–48.7 % for TMPs and by 25.7 % for PRE. The root-mean-square error decreased by 32.4 %–44.9 % for TMPs and by 25.8 % for PRE. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients increased by
9.6 %–13.8 % for TMPs and by 31.6 % for PRE, and correlation
coefficients increased by 0.2 %–0.4 % for TMPs and by 5.0 % for PRE. The new dataset could provide detailed climatology data and annual trends of all climatic variables across China, and the results could be evaluated well using observations at the station. Although the new dataset was not evaluated before 1950 owing to data unavailability, the quality of the new
dataset in the period of 1901–2017 depended on the quality of the original
CRU and WorldClim datasets. Therefore, the new dataset was reliable, as the
downscaling procedure further improved the quality and spatial resolution of
the CRU dataset and was concluded to be useful for investigations related
to climate change across China. The dataset presented in this article has
been published in the Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3114194 for precipitation (Peng,
2019a) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3185722 for air temperatures at 2 m
(Peng, 2019b) and includes 156 NetCDF files compressed in zip
format and one user guidance text file.
Interactions between channels and tributary alluvial fans: channel adjustments and sediment-signal propagation
Authors: Savi Sara , Tofelde Stefanie , Wickert Andrew D. , Bufe Aaron , Schildgen Taylor F. , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Climate and tectonics impact water and sediment fluxes to fluvial systems. These boundary conditions set river form and can be recorded by fluvial deposits. Reconstructions of boundary conditions from these deposits, however, is complicated by complex channel-network interactions and associated sediment storage and release through the fluvial system. To address this challenge, we used a physical experiment to study the interplay between a main channel and a tributary under different forcing conditions. In particular, we investigated the impact of a single tributary junction, where sediment supply from the tributary can produce an alluvial fan, on channel geometries and associated sediment-transfer dynamics. We found that the presence of an alluvial fan may promote or prevent sediment to be moved within the fluvial system, creating different coupling conditions. A prograding alluvial fan, for example, has the potential to disrupt the sedimentary signal propagating downstream through the confluence zone. By analyzing different environmental scenarios, our results indicate the contribution of the two sub-systems to fluvial deposits, both upstream and downstream of the tributary junction, which may be diagnostic of a perturbation affecting the tributary or the main channel only. We summarize all findings in a new conceptual framework that illustrates the possible interactions between tributary alluvial fans and a main channel under different environmental conditions. This framework provides a better understanding of the composition and architecture of fluvial sedimentary deposits found at confluence zones, which is essential for a correct reconstruction of the climatic or tectonic history of a basin.