bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping, Teaching, and Remembering the Holocaust After February 24, 2022
Authors: Telukha Svitlana Stepanivna
Published: February 2024

This text is related to the issue of the culture of Holocaust remembrance and the transformations that are taking place in the visual map of Holocaust memorialization in frontline Kharkiv and the changes that are taking place in student audiences about the Holocaust and Holocaust memory against the backdrop of Russia’s current war against Ukraine.
Function follows Form or Form follows Function – The Legal Nature of CBDC
Authors: Lemke Christina M
Published: February 2024

211Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is often described as the future of money, pictured to function as a new, widely adopted means of payment. Whilst economic and public law implications of CBDC issuance have received close scrutiny, private law issues – especially the question of CBDC’s legal nature – have received little attention. This is surprising, given that the function of money as a means of payment is primarily shaped by the private law framework. So far, this framework is tailored to money’s specific forms of appearance, either as (tangible) property or as (intangible) claims against financial intermediaries. Early research has sought to simply classify CBDC within this dichotomy, according to its design respectively being token or account based. Assuming a German private law point of view, this paper will put such classification to the test as regards the intended “European CBDC”, the digital euro. It will show that the focus on token versus account is misguided and ultimately unhelpful, as the digital euro would in neither form fit within the existing legal framework. Drawing on the discussions surrounding the legal nature of cryptocurrencies and cryptoassets, as well as the recent experience with the dematerialisation of securities, it will be argued that the envisioned dematerialisation of cash offers the opportunity to re-think the legal nature of such new money, based not on its form, but on its function as a circulating means of payment. Putting function before form allows technology-neutral answers to related issues, such as the legal assessment of CBDC transfer, ultimately equipping private law for the future of money.
Submodules of normalisers in groupoid C*-algebras and discrete group coactions
Authors: Komura Fuyuta
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we investigate certain submodules in C*-algebras associated to effective étale groupoids.
First, we show that a submodule generated by normalizers is a closure of the set of compactly supported continuous functions on some open set.
As a corollary, we show that discrete group coactions on groupoid C*-algebras are induced by cocycles of étale groupoids if the fixed point algebras contain C*-subalgebras of continuous functions vanishing at infinity on the unit spaces.
In the latter part, we prove the Galois correspondence result for discrete group coactions on groupoid C*-algebras.
Uniform bounds for Kloosterman sums of half-integral weight with applications
Authors: Sun Qihang
Published: February 2024

Sums of Kloosterman sums have deep connections with the theory of modular forms, and their estimation has many important consequences. Kuznetsov used his famous trace formula and got a power-saving estimate with respect to x with implied constants depending on m and n. Recently, in 2009, Sarnak and Tsimerman obtained a bound uniformly in x, m and n.

The generalized Kloosterman sums are defined with multiplier systems and on congruence subgroups. Goldfeld and Sarnak bounded sums of them with main terms corresponding to exceptional eigenvalues of the hyperbolic Laplacian. Their error term is a power of x with implied constants depending on all the other factors. In this paper, for a wide class of half-integral weight multiplier systems, we get the same bound with the error term uniformly in x, m and n.

Such uniform bounds have great applications. For the eta-multiplier, Ahlgren and Andersen obtained a uniform and power-saving bound with respect to m and n, which resulted in a convergent error estimate on the Rademacher exact formula of the partition function

p
⁢

(
n
)

{p(n)}

. We also establish a Rademacher-type exact formula for the difference of partitions of rank modulo 3, which allows us to apply our power-saving estimate to the tail of the formula for a convergent error bound.
q-supercongruences from Watson's 8φ7 transformation
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Xu Chang
Published: February 2024

Employing Watson’s

ϕ
7

8

{{}_{8}\phi_{7}}

transformation formula, we unearth
several q-supercongruences with a parameter s. Particularly, one
of our results is an extension of a q-analogue of Van Hamme’s (G.2) supercongruence.
In addition, we obtain a q-supercongruence modulo the fifth power of a cyclotomic polynomial and propose two related conjectures.
Fractional p-Laplacian elliptic Dirichlet problems
Authors: Barilla David , Bohner Martin , Caristi Giuseppe , Gharehgazlouei Fariba , Heidarkhani Shapour
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we consider a fractional
p-Laplacian elliptic Dirichlet problem that possesses one
control parameter and has a Lipschitz nonlinearity order of

p
-
1

{p-1}

.
The multiplicity of the weak solutions is proved by means of the
variational method and critical point theory. We investigate the
existence of at least three solutions to the problem.
Controllability result in α-norm for some impulsive partial functional integrodifferential equation with infinite delay in Banach spaces
Authors: Mbainadji Djendode
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study the controllability in the α-norm for some impulsive partial functional integrodifferential equation with infinite delay in Banach space. To do this, we give sufficient conditions ensuring the controllability by assuming that the undelayed part admits a resolvent operator in the sense of Grimmer and that the delayed part is continuous with respect to the fractional power of the generator. The results are obtained by using the Schauder fixed-point theorem.
Polynomial convergence of iterations of certain random operators in Hilbert space
Authors: Ghosh Soumyadip , Lu Yingdong , Nowicki Tomasz
Published: February 2024

We study the convergence of a random iterative sequence of a family of operators on infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, inspired by the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm in the case of the noiseless regression.
We identify conditions that are strictly broader than previously known for polynomial convergence rate in various norms, and characterize the roles the randomness plays in determining the best multiplicative constants. Additionally, we prove almost sure convergence of the sequence.
An uncertainty principle for the windowed Bochner–Fourier transform with the complex-valued window function
Authors: Yaremenko Mykola Ivanovich
Published: February 2024

The generalization of Hardy uncertainty principle for the windowed Bochner–Fourier transform on the Heisenberg group is proved. We consider a Bochner measurable function

Ψ
:

G
→
X

{\Psi:G\to X}

, where X is a completely separable Hilbert space X and Let G be a completely separable, unimodular, connected nilpotent Lie group. We establish that if

ϕ
∈

C
C

⁢

(
G
)

{\phi\in C_{C}(G)}

is a non-trivial window function and

Ψ
∈

L
2

⁢

(
G
)

{\Psi\in L^{2}(G)}

satisfies

∥

V
ϕ

⁢

(
Ψ
)

⁢

(
g
,
χ
)

∥

HB

≤

c
2

⁢

(
g
)

⁢

exp
⁡

(

-

β
⁢

∥
χ
∥

2

)

\|V_{\phi}(\Psi)(g,\chi)\|_{\rm HB}\leq c_{2}(g)\exp(-\beta\|\chi\|^{2})

,

β
>
0

{\beta>0}

, then

Ψ
=
0

{\Psi=0}

almost everywhere.
Effect of temperature and pressure on shrinkage in wax injection molding
Authors: Erdag Halil Ibrahim , Erzincanli Fehmi , Ocalir Seref
Published: February 2024

In precision casting, many model materials can be used to make complex, accurately sized molds. Model material is an important key for successful production. Wax models are widely used in model manufacturing because they allow economical production. In the wax injection method, some undesirable situations occur during the production of the model such as shrinkage, collapse, warpage, weld marks, surface defects, air marks, and burr formation that the manufacturer does not want. In this study, it is aimed to examine the effect of temperature and pressure parameters on shrinkage of the wax model in injection molding. The study was carried out at wax temperatures of 65 °C, 70 °C, and 75 °C and injection pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.15 MPa, 0.2 MPa, and 0.25 MPa. In the experiments, the flow of the parts was observed during the filling of the plexiglass mold, and the shrinkage ratio of the obtained wax model was determined and evaluated. It is assigned that some of factors which affect quality of the final product produced by investment casting method are product shrinkage and surface quality of wax model.
Topological hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Li Zhitong , Gu Qing
Published: February 2024

Hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) is a unique type of anisotropic material that can exhibit metal and dielectric properties at the same time. This unique characteristic results in it having unbounded isofrequency surface contours, leading to exotic phenomena such as spontaneous emission enhancement and applications such as super-resolution imaging. However, at optical frequencies, HMM must be artificially engineered and always requires a metal constituent, whose intrinsic loss significantly limits the experimentally accessible wave vector values, thus negatively impacting the performance of these applications. The need to reduce loss in HMM stimulated the development of the second-generation HMM, termed active HMM, where gain materials are utilized to compensate for metal’s intrinsic loss. With the advent of topological photonics that allows robust light transportation immune to disorders and defects, research on HMM also entered the topological regime. Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to exploring the topological transition from elliptical to hyperbolic dispersion and topologically protected edge states in HMM, which also prompted the invention of lossless HMM formed by all-dielectric material. Furthermore, emerging twistronics can also provide a route to manipulate topological transitions in HMMs. In this review, we survey recent progress in topological effects in HMMs and provide prospects on possible future research directions.
The crystal structure of 2′-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-[1,1′-binaphthalen]-2-amine, C32H22N2
Authors: Sun Bangjin , Tu Zhenlong
Published: February 2024

C32H22N2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 8.6317(2) Å, b = 30.8744(9) Å, c = 8.7616(3) Å, β = 100.328(3)°, V = 2297.12(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0511, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1378, T = 169.99(10) K.
Kostenwahrheit und Kostenscheinwahrheit: Eine politisch-ökonomische Analyse
Authors: Stadelmann David , Eichenberger Reiner
Published: February 2024

Ökonomen vertreten Kostenwahrheit im Sinne einer angemessenen Bepreisung negativer externer Effekte, weil sie die Handelungsträger motiviert, die von ihnen verursachten externen Effekte in ihrem wirtschaftlichen Handeln zu berücksichtigen. Aus politisch-ökonomischer Sicht ist Kostenwahrheit sogar noch wichtiger. Sie motiviert die politischen Handlungsträger die gesellschaftlichen Kosten ihres politischen Handelns zu berücksichtigen und die externen Kosten genauer zu erfassen als bei alternativen Politikmaßnahmen wie Geboten oder Verboten. Doch gerade wegen ihrer Vorteile setzt sich Kostenwahrheit im politischen Prozess selten vollständig durch. Denn sie verengt den Spielraum von Politikern, sich und den ihnen nahestehenden Interessengruppen wirtschaftliche und politische Renten zu verschaffen. Zugleich wird das Konzept der Kostenwahrheit missbraucht, um nur »Kostenscheinwahrheit« und neue Renten zu schaffen. Entscheidend ist daher, echte Kostenwahrheit durch geeignete institutionelle Regelungen abzusichern.
Characterization and comparison of cobalt-base and nickel-base alloys with iron-base intermetallic hard alloys used in wear protection
Authors: Friederichs S. , Lorenz S.
Published: February 2024

In wear protection, cobalt-base or nickel-base materials are very often used for coatings in order to increase the functionality and service life of components. These materials such as stellite, the nickel-base alloy Colmonoy 56 or Tribaloy T400 are characterized by a high resistance to abrasion, adhesion as well as excellent corrosion resistance even at higher temperatures.

Given the criticality of cobalt and partly also nickel, it is necessary to look for more sustainable alternatives to be used in wear protection. One possibility is to further develop iron-base materials so that they can be used in wear protection to prevent both abrasion and adhesion. In this context, sufficient corrosion resistance is desirable. This paper will elaborate on the development of a novel intermetallic iron-base hard alloy.
Discoloration on Laser Welds of AISI 321 Tubes
Authors: Neidel A. , Rockel J. , Riesenbeck S.
Published: February 2024

In this contribution, a fabrication problem is discussed, related to Laser Beam Welding (LBW). Strictly speaking, the case study presented herein does not constitute a failure as such, since the subject components never made it to component service. In the narrow sense of the word, a component failure happens if and when a part does no longer serve its proper function. This is definitely not the case in the study put forward in this paper. However, one could argue that a product that cannot be marketed for lack of certain properties, or because of certain shortcomings, is rendered worthless for the manufacturer and this, in turn, could be considered a failure. In this case study, the issue of discoloration on the surfaces of welded austenitic stainless steel is discussed. This is a well-known and well-researched fabrication problem. Dependent upon service conditions of affected parts, discoloration might be detrimental to the normally outstanding corrosion resistance of this class of high-alloy steels.
The existence of random solutions to random optimization problems
Authors: Anh Ta Ngoc , Huan Dao Khac
Published: February 2024

In this paper, random optimization problems are investigated. Some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of random solutions to random optimization problems are proposed.
Demyelination and Na+Channel Redistribution Underlie Auditory and Vestibular Dysfunction in PMP22-Null Mice
Authors: Lee Jeong Han , Park Seojin , Perez-Flores Maria C. , Chen Yingying , Kang Mincheol , Choi Jinsil , Levine Lauren , Gratton Michael Anne , Zhao Jie , Notterpek Lucia , Yamoah Ebenezer N.
Published: February 2024

Altered expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) results in demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. PMP22 exhibits a highly restricted tissue distribution with marked expression in the myelinating Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. Auditory and vestibular Schwann cells and the afferent neurons also express PMP22, suggesting a unique role in hearing and balancing. Indeed, neuropathic patients diagnosed with PMP22-linked hereditary neuropathies often present with auditory and balance deficits, an understudied clinical complication. To investigate the mechanism by which abnormal expression of PMP22 may cause auditory and vestibular deficits, we studied gene-targetedPMP22-null mice.PMP22-null mice exhibit an unsteady gait, have difficulty maintaining balance, and live for only ∼3–5 weeks relative to unaffected littermates. Histological analysis of the inner ear revealed reduced auditory and vestibular afferent nerve myelination and profound Na+channel redistribution without PMP22. Yet, Na+current density was unaltered, in stark contrast to increased K+current density. Atypical postsynaptic densities and a range of neuronal abnormalities in the organ of Corti were also identified. Analyses of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and vestibular sensory-evoked potential (VsEP) revealed thatPMP22-null mice had auditory and vestibular hypofunction. These results demonstrate that PMP22 is required for hearing and balance, and the protein is indispensable for the formation and maintenance of myelin in the peripheral arm of the eighth nerve. Our findings indicate that myelin abnormalities and altered signal propagation in the peripheral arm of the auditory nerve are likely causes of auditory deficits in patients with PMP22-linked neuropathies.
Cell-Type–Specific Effects of Somatostatin on Synaptic Transmission in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Riedemann Therese , Sutor Bernd
Published: February 2024

Inhibitory modulation of glutamatergic information processing is a prerequisite for proper network function. Among the many groups of interneurons (INs), somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOM-INs) play an important role in the maintenance of physiological brain activity. We have previously shown that somatostatin (SOM) causes a reduction in pyramidal cell (PC) excitability. However, the mechanisms of action of the peptide on cortical synaptic circuits are still unclear. To understand the effects of the neuropeptide SOM on cortical synaptic circuits, we performed a detailed side-by-side comparison of its postsynaptic effects on PCs, SOM-INs, and layer 1 interneurons (L1-INs) in the anterior cingulate cortex of male and female mice and found that SOM produced pronounced postsynaptic effects in PCs while having little to no effect on either IN type. This comparison allowed us to link the observed postsynaptic effects to SOM-induced modulations of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission and to trace the impact of the neuropeptide on the neuronal circuitry between these three cell types. We show here that SOM depresses glutamatergic synaptic transmission via a presynaptic mechanism while exerting a differential impact on GABAAreceptor- and GABABreceptor-mediated transmission at the pre- and postsynaptic level resulting in a shift of inhibition in L2/3 PCs from L1-INs to SOM-INs. In summary, this study unravels a novel aspect by which SOM modulates synaptic signaling between PCs, L1-INs, and SOM-INs.
Neuronal and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Pain and Depression Comorbidity in the Paraventricular Thalamus
Authors: Cui Mengqiao , Ji Ran , Song Lingzhen , Wang Xianlei , Pan Xiaoyuan , Han Yi , Zhai Xiaojing , Ai Lin , Zhang Wenxin , Xie An , Wu Zhou , Song Weiyi , Yang Jun-Xia , Hu Ankang , Liu He , Cao Jun-Li , Zhang Hongxing
Published: February 2024

Patients with chronic pain often develop comorbid depressive symptoms, which makes the pain symptoms more complicated and refractory. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly known. Here, in a repeated complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) male mouse model, we reported a specific regulatory role of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) glutamatergic neurons, particularly the anterior PVT (PVA) neurons, in mediating chronic pain and depression comorbidity (CDC). Our c-Fos protein staining observed increased PVA neuronal activity in CFA-CDC mice. In wild-type mice, chemogenetic activation of PVA glutamatergic neurons was sufficient to decrease the 50% paw withdrawal thresholds (50% PWTs), while depressive-like behaviors evaluated with immobile time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) could only be achieved by repeated chemogenetic activation. Chemogenetic inhibition of PVA glutamatergic neurons reversed the decreased 50% PWTs in CFA mice without depressive-like symptoms and the increased TST and FST immobility in CFA-CDC mice. Surprisingly, in CFA-CDC mice, chemogenetically inhibiting PVA glutamatergic neurons failed to reverse the decrease of 50% PWTs, which could be restored by rapid-onset antidepressant S-ketamine. Further behavioral tests in chronic restraint stress mice and CFA pain mice indicated that PVA glutamatergic neuron inhibition and S-ketamine independently alleviate sensory and affective pain. Molecular profiling and pharmacological studies revealed the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D (Htr1d) in CFA pain-related PVT engram neurons as a potential target for treating CDC. These findings identified novel CDC neuronal and molecular mechanisms in the PVT and provided insight into the complicated pain neuropathology under a comorbid state with depression and related drug development.
Language Acquisition in the Longitudinal Cambridge UK BabyRhythm Cohort
Authors: Rocha Sinead , Ní Choisdealbha Áine , Attaheri Adam , Mead Natasha , Olawole-Scott Helen , Grey Christina , Williams Isabel , Gibbon Samuel , Boutris Panagiotis , Brusini Perrine , Brough Carmel , Alfaro e Oliveira Maria , Goswami Usha
Published: February 2024

The Cambridge UK BabyRhythm project is a study of 122 infants as they age from 2 – 30 months, investigating cortical tracking and sensorimotor synchronisation to acoustic and visual rhythm in relation to language acquisition. As there are few standardised language tasks appropriate for this age range, the BabyRhythm project adapted a range of parent-report and infant-led experimental measures that could be used within a home testing environment. Here we present a rich description of infant performance on tasks intended to sample 5 linguistic domains: semantics, phonology, grammar, rhythmic timing and gesture. For each task we describe infant performance (mean, median, range), and we also report performance by sex (N female = 57) and by monolingual (N = 91) versus multilingual (N = 31) home environments. We report relations between measures. We share our unique longitudinal database (all data available on OSF), and ‘lessons learned’ on adapting language assessments for very young children. Critically, we identify the language tasks that will be utilised in our longitudinal brain-behaviour analyses, providing the benchmark upon which future neural and behavioural markers will be measured.
Seeking Stability in China's "Involuted Generation"
Authors: Liang Yuchen
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the word “involution” (Nei Juan) has become a popular word in Chinese society to refer to the great competitive pressure young people in China now face in their life such as passing the college entrance examination and searching for a job. They are called the “involuted generation.” To study the involution phenomenon, I conducted eleven semi-structured interviews with students, parents, and teachers in Zhejiang Province in China. This study also explores the causes and effects of the phenomenon of involution by combining online research and a literature review. I argue that the pursuit of stability produces the present involution while the college entrance examination and differences in family background create different degrees of involution which intensifies the stress of competition. The effects of involution include anxiety and tension for both students and parents brought on by competition, the devaluation of academic qualifications in the job market, and the gap young people experience between their interests and careers.
Prismatic Effects in Bicentric Grinding
Authors: Remole Arnulf
Published: February 2024

Bicentric grinding is widely used to neutralize a vertical differential pris­matic effect at the near visual point. However, the prismatic effects in other portions of the reading field dif­fer from those at the near visual point. In this study, the variations in prismatic effect throughout the entire reading field are demonstrated. It is shown that a slab-off prism is most effective in spherical anisometropic prescriptions and when the differen­tial prismatic effects are symmetrical about the horizontal meridian.
Inﬁltration and Dimensional Scaling of Inkjet Droplets on Thick Isotropic Porous Materials
Authors:   SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden – Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, Box 5607, SE- 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Oko Asaf , Martinez D. Mark ,   Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Swerin Agne ,   SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden – Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, Box 5607, SE- 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science, SE- 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
Published: February 2024

We study the imbibition of picoliters (pL) sized inkjet droplets on controlled pore glass membranes (CPG). We do so using a variety of liquids, i.e., water, formamide and diiodomethane, as well as the CPG substrates, and measure the evolution of the imbibition process using high speed digital imaging. Here, experiments were conducted with a wide range of initial drop volume (100–600 pL) on 2–280 nm CPG membranes. We derive scaling laws through dimensional analysis of the equations of motion, and consider experimental parameters and liquid properties.
Utilization of Modiﬁed Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics to Characterize the Fracture Resistance of Paper
Authors:   Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Miami University, Oxford OH 45056 USA, Cofﬁn Douglas W. , Li Kun ,   Metso USA, Norcross, GA 30071 USA, Li Ji ,   Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Miami University, Oxford OH 45056 USA
Published: February 2024

Linear elastic fracture mechanics modified to account for an effective fracture process zone is sufficient to characterize and predict fracture resistance for a wide range of papers. The simplicity of the method, which only requires the tensile strength and a measure of the effective fracture process zone length, gives it great advantage over other existing approaches. The results presented here show that for a wide range of commercial papers, samples widths as narrow as 50 mm are sufficient to determine the effective process zone length, and that scaling holds well enough to allow prediction for fracture of wide webs. The results indicate that the tensile strength of paper is a result of a fracture process where the defect is most typically induced from cutting the network structure along the edges. As a consequence, the inherent tensile strength of the network can be significantly larger than the measured tensile strength. The effective fracture process zone length parameter is taken as a measure of the inability for the paper to concentrate load near the crack tip. This ability for network structures to concentrate load has significant impact on the fracture resistance of the sheet relative to its tensile strength.
Predictions of MD and CD Tensile Property Proﬁles
Authors:   Stora Enso AB, Box 9090, 650 09 Karlstad, Sweden, Wahlström Torbjörn
Published: February 2024

To design new and optimize existing paper and board material an understanding of how the paper making process affects the final paper properties and how we can control them is neccesary. There is a link missing between pulp properties and machine made paper properties. The aim with this work is to close this gap by proposing an engineering model which, based on furnish properties, makes it possible to predict tensile property profiles in MD and CD. Two series of hand sheet trials were made to validate and formulate the model. The purpose with the first trial was to validate that the geometric mean of the studied properties in MD and CD is constant and equal to the isotropic value. The second trial was made to find relations between anisotropies of the studied properties and the fibre anisotropy. The model was applied on a press draw trial made on a production machine. The strain and tensile property profiles were measured and predicted based on laboratory measurements on the furnish. The predictive capability of the model was regarded as fairly good, especially since the general behaviour of the paper properties was correctly captured. The deviation of predictions compared to measurements were around 10% or less for most of the evaluated positions and properties, except for MD tensile energy absorption index that was poorly predicted.
The Swelling and Pore Structure of Microﬁbrillated Cellulose
Authors:   Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto FIN- 00076, Finland, Manninen Marjo A. , Nieminen Kaarlo L. ,   Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto FIN- 00076, Finland, Maloney Thad C. ,   Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto FIN- 00076, Finland
Published: February 2024

The aim of this work was to understand the particle level swelling and pore structure of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). For this purpose, a new variant of the solute exclusion test was constructed which takes into account the adsorption of dextran onto the cellulosic material and the elastic response of the fiber material to external osmotic pressure. With the new method, two important properties, fiber saturation point at zero external osmotic pressure (FSP0) and isotropic elastic modulus could be obtained. The particle level swelling for MFC was found to be 1.6 ml/g which is about the same as the swelling of the parent pulp fibers. The MFC swelling was con¿ rmed with thermoporosimetry which yielded further insights into the development of pore structure and surface area when the fiber cell wall is defibrillated.
Reactive Polyvinylamine-Graft-TEMPO/Laccase Complex Giving Wet Cellulose Adhesion
Authors:   McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Liu Jieyi , Pelton Robert ,   McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Published: February 2024

Cellulose surfaces are activated for wet adhesion, bioconjugation and other applications by the introduction of a “primer” layer consisting of a covalently bonded polyelectrolyte complex based on laccase and polyvinylamine with pendent TEMPO groups, PVAm-T . The laccase, in conjunction with dissolved oxygen, activates the TEMPO moieties on PVAm-T, facilitating the oxidation of primary hydroxyl groups on the cellulose surface. The resulting cellulosic aldehydes are free to couple covalently with amine groups on the PVAm-T . The generally accepted mechanism of TEMPO oxidation is that the primary oxidant converts TEMPO into a reactive oxoammonium ion that shuttles an electron to primary alcohols. Since the translational mobility of TEMPO will be limited when grafted to a polymer and present as a polyelectrolyte complex with laccase, it is proposed that the activated oxoammonium ions jump along the PVAm-T chain, from TEMPO to neighbouring TEMPO. Wet adhesion of laminated regenerated cellulose sheets was used as the primary assay indicating the presence of covalent bonding.
Gold Nanoparticles Paper as Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Platform for Bio-diagnostic Applications
Authors:   BioPRIA, Australian Pulp and Paper Institute (APPI), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, Ngo Ying Hui , Then Whui Lyn ,   BioPRIA, Australian Pulp and Paper Institute (APPI), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, Garnier Gil ,   BioPRIA, Australian Pulp and Paper Institute (APPI), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
Published: February 2024

We explored the sensitivity and selectivity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) treated paper as a generic SERS diagnostic platform to identify and quantify low concentrations of a specific (bio)analyte in aqueous solutions. The effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) concentration on their adsorption and aggregation states on paper were explored. The surface coverage of AuNPs on paper scaled linearly with their concentration profile in solutions. The SERS performances of the AuNPs-treated papers were evaluated with a model Raman molecule, 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP), and their SERS intensities increased linearly with the density of AuNPs on paper. To increase the SERS sensitivity, the retention and aggregation state of nanoparticles on paper was controlled by pre-treating paper with a series of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) solutions. The CPAM pre-treated paper produced a more uniform distribution of AuNPs compared to untreated paper. Higher surface coverage and aggregation of AuNPs on paper were favoured by CPAM solutions of higher concentration, charge density and molecular weight. The optimized AuNPs-CPAM paper showed a higher sensitivity and Raman enhancement factor (EF), which was almost an order of magnitude higher than the untreated AuNPs paper. After the SERS sensitivity towards the detection of model Raman molecule (4-ATP) was proven, the SERS selectivity of AuNPs paper was demonstrated by functionalizing the AuNPs with a model biomolecule platform consisting of biotin/streptavidin assemblies for the detection of antibody-antigen binding. The modification of antibody local structure due to the interaction with antigen was detected. Evidence of antigen binding was elucidated from the SERS spectra, confirming the presence of antigen. Reproducible spectra features were observed for the functionalized AuNP papers which were exposed to different concentration of antigen; the spectra intensity increased as a function of antigen concentration. The sensitivity and selectivity of AuNPs paper substrates as a low-cost and generic SERS platform for bio-diagnostic application was demonstrated.
Comparative study on the results of orthodontic diagnostics by using algorithms generated by Artificial Intelligence and simple algorithms
Authors: Hack Marius , Drăgulin Bogdan , Hack Ludmila , ElSaafin Mahmoud , Dumitrescu Iulia , Stan Daniela , Păcurar Mariana
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) is computer-generated intelligence, as opposed to the natural intelligence of humans and some animals. Kaplan and Haenlein define AI as “the ability of a system to correctly interpret external data, to learn from such data and use what it has learned to achieve specific goals and tasks through a flexible adaptation”. The term “artificial intelligence” is used colloquially to describe machines that mimic the “cognitive” functions that people associate with other human minds. One of the areas where technological advances have brought significant changes is orthodontics, especially in terms of diagnosis and orthodontic prediction.
The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis between the results obtained by using the complete algorithms that define Artificial Intelligence and the simple algorithms of classical medical software, used in the detection of the position and shape of teeth in various orthodontic anomalies.
Methods. A group of 45 patients with maxillary-dento anomalies Angle Class I (DDM with crowding and deviation of the superior inter-incisive line) was studied. Two types of algorithms were used in the study group: modern type I algorithms and simple algorithms used in classical software to detect the position of the frontal teeth. Through the symmetrical points of the face the facial axes were determined, and after the detection of the contour of each tooth the incisional curve was calculated. The median line was analyzed against the vertical axis of the face, and the incisional curve towards the horizontal axis.
Results. The study shows that AI algorithms offer an increased level of tooth position detection, compared to traditional softwares. Complex algorithms, specific to Artificial Intelligence, showed superior detection, and more stability in the analysis.
Conclusion. Technological evolution and the development of machine learning capabilities have opened new perspectives in guiding orthodontic treatments through artificial intelligence (AI).
Developing psychological safety in organizations
Authors: Singh Nayanika
Published: February 2024

In the modern -day world of work, there has been a paradigm shift from hiring employees in organizations who are just academically intelligent to employees who are emotionally balanced and intelligent. Leadership of the 21st century essentially demands a leader to be emotionally intelligent and empathetic and at the same time a manager who can steer the best potential of their team and provide them with an environment that is psychologically safe yet motivating. According to Edmondson1 psychological safety is defined as when members engage in any risky action in a team, the implementation of these actions is safe, can be accepted by colleagues. Taking this backdrop into consideration, the aim of the present paper is to highlight and discuss the various techniques and strategies that can be used in present day organizations to foster a psychologically safe and enriched work environment
Child Fatality Review
Authors: Batra Erich K. , Quinlan Kyran , Palusci Vincent J. , Needelman Howard , Collier Abby ,   AAP SECTION ON CHILD DEATH REVIEW AND PREVENTION, Needelman Howard , Batra Erich K. , Bechtel Kirsten A. , Berkowitz Carol , Palusci Vincent J. , Sheets Lynn K. , Collier Abby , Nestander Matthew ,   COUNCIL ON INJURY, VIOLENCE, AND POISON PREVENTION, Hoffman Benjamin , Culyba Alison , Dodington James , Johnston Brian , Kendi Sadiqa , Kiragu Andrew , Lee Lois K. , McFadden Terri , Osterhoudt Kevin , Tenenbein Milton , Quinlan Kyran , Beno Suzanne , Dixon Cinnamon , Dunn Laura , Midgett Jonathan , Miller Bethany , Qualters Judith , Kozial Bonnie ,   COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT, Breen Haney Suzanne , Gottsegen Asnes Andrea , Gavril Amy R. , Gilmartin Amanda Bird Hoffert , Greenlee Girardet Rebecca , Dayzie Heavilin Nancy , Matjasko Jennifer , Stedt Elaine , Hudson Jeff
Published: February 2024

Understanding why children die is necessary to implement strategies to prevent future deaths and improve the health of any community. Child fatality review teams (CFRTs) have existed since the 1970s and provide a necessary framework to ensure that proper questions are asked about a child’s death. CFRTs provide a vital function in a community to ensure that preventable causes of deaths are identified. Pediatricians are necessary members of CFRTs because they provide medical expertise and context around a child’s death. All CFRTs should have pediatric physician representation, and results from team meetings should inform public policy at all levels of government. Pediatricians should be supported in their efforts to be present on CFRTs, and they should use data from team meetings to help advocate for implementing prevention strategies.
Основні етапи формування євроінтеграційного курсу України та Молдови: порівняльна характеристика
Authors: Вуйко Анастасія
Published: February 2024

Актуальність. В умовах військового стану, в якому перебуває Україна та спільних з Молдовою геополітичних безпекових викликів, надзвичайно важливою є підтримка ЄС. Досвід російсько-української війни доводить, що лише спільні скоординовані дії демократичних держав здатні впливати на геополітичні безпекові виклики, а також пришвидшити вступ до ЄС. Для розробки подальшого скоординованого плану дій держав-сусідів України та Молдови у євроінтеграційному політичному курсі, надзвичайно важливо проаналізувати фундамент євроінтеграційного курсу обох країн.

Метою дослідження є здійснення порівняльного дослідження основних етапів формування євроінтеграційного політичного курсу України та Республіки Молдова з моменту проголошення незалежності й до початку повномасштабного вторгнення росії в Україну.

Результати. Здійснено та представлено порівняльну характеристику основних етапів формування євроінтеграційного політичного курсу України та Республіки Молдова на основі аналізу зовнішніх та внутрішніх чинників, й геополітичних суперечностей, що вплинули на євроінтеграційні процеси обох країн.

Висновки. Зважаючи на динаміку розвитку євроінтеграційних процесів в обох країнах, ключові події на кожному з етапів формування євроінтеграційного політичного курсу відбувалися майже одночасно, але протягом останніх тридцяти років країни мали різні періоди у двосторонніх відносинах.

З початком повномасштабного вторгнення росії в Україну 24 лютого 2022 року розпочався новий етап у відносинах України та Молдови з Брюсселем. Війна в Україні та змінний безпековий ландшафт відкрили вікно можливостей для України та Молдови, змусивши ЄС швидко розглянути подані заявки на членство.

Попереду в України та Молдови робота над «домашніми завданнями» та здійсненням відповідних реформ для подальшого вступу в ЄС. Проте, рік російсько-української війни, з усіма її наслідками, наочно показав не лише лідерам країн ЄС, а й всьому світу важливість єдності і прийняття швидких рішень довкола спільної небезпеки.
Публічна сфера в урбаністичному вимірі
Authors: Третяк Олексій
Published: February 2024

Рецензія на монографію: Публічна сфера міста: суб’єкти, практики, механізми (пере)форматування / за заг. ред. В. В. Кривошеїна, О. В. Ходус. Дніпро: Видавничо-поліграфічний дім «Формат А+», 2021. 264 с.
Authorship attribution, idiolectal style, and online identity
Authors: AlAmr Mashael
Published: February 2024

Assistant ProfessorDepartment of English LanguageCollege of Language SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11495 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Awarding Institution: University of Leeds, UKDate of Award: 14 October 2022
The Effects of Heavy Metals on Soil Biology
Authors: POP Bianca , VIDICAN Roxana , MUNTEANU Camelia
Published: February 2024

Heavy metal pollution is a global environmental issue threatening food security and the environment. It is caused by the rapid growth of agriculture and industry. The development of new industries and the increasing number of people have also contributed to the rise in these conditions. Heavy metals that contaminate soils are mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr), these toxic substances are retained by the soil and act as a filter for their properties. The aim of this paper was to review the impact of heavy metals on soil, as well as the methods to combat their toxicity in agricultural ones. In order to achieve this goal, data belonging to national and international databases were used (Science Direct, NCBI). The finding of different strategies to combat pollution, particularly on the soil represented the goals for the majority of the studies. As such, bioremediation is a promising choice to reduce heavy metal concentrations.
Methods of Improving Reproductive Parameters in Sheep and The Major Genes Associated with Prolificacy: A Review
Authors: DEAC Alexandru Marius , MUSCĂ Adriana Sebastiana , AIPĂTIOAIE Marius Gavril , COŞIER Viorica , ZĂHAN Marius
Published: February 2024

Farm profitability is heavily influenced by reproductive capacity. Fertility, prolificacy, and fecundity are all indicators of reproductive efficiency. In sheep with high economic value, prolificacy is a key reproduction parameter (Notter, 2008). Because most sheep breeds are monotocous, similar to Mouflon wild sheep (Garel et al., 2005), improving fecundity is a serious concern (Tang et al., 2019). This review aims to study genes and the genetic means of improving sheep reproduction parameters. Numerous mutations in the transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily have been reported to influence sheep reproductive parameters. As a result, molecular genetics and marker-assisted selection (MAS) are essential in improving reproduction efficiency. If these mutations are not present in the population, introgression of the beneficial mutations to indigenous breeds is possible. Because within-breed selection has been considered relatively inefficient, due to the low heritability of the trait, crossbreeding of native breeds with prolific breeds has been the major means of genetically improving prolificacy. Studying fecundity genes is important in order to increase production efficiency and stabilizing optimal litter sizes. Different studies based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which are called genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and also proteomic studies, transcriptome analysis, and mitochondrial DNA analysis have revealed further genetic variation with medium or minor effects on reproduction.
Whey proteins in donkey milk
Authors: VINȚE Cezara-Georgiana , COROIAN Aurelia
Published: February 2024

In recent years, by-products obtained from farm animals are of increasing interest to farmers and once again to the population, which have properties that are not to be neglected by consumers. Milk is one of the main sources of essential compounds, and the by-products obtained from its processing are important elements in human nutrition, bringing an important contribution of elements to the body. Whey is a complex by-product with a high protein content, and in the case of donkey milk, important benefits have been highlighted, such as antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-allergenic properties. The cost of whey from donkey milk is currently low, which is of interest in terms of its capitalization. In the case of whey obtained from donkeys, the amount of protein is very high, thus, it can be successfully used as a substitute in people with allergies to milk of other species and can be harnessed in the form of protein supplements of interest to the population.
Effects of Sulfur Sources on Ruminal S Bioavailability, Fermentation Activity and Microbial Populations Measured In Vitro
Authors: VIGH Antal , CRISTE Adriana , CORCIONIVOSCHI Nicolae , GRAGNIC Kévin , GERARD Christine
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to better understand the ruminal solubility, bioavailability, effect on fermentation and microbiota of different sulfur (S) forms. In vitro fermentations with rumen fluid were conducted for 70hrs. Hay was incubated solely (CON), or with 0.5%DM of S, as: elemental sulfur (ES), Na2SO4 (NaS), (NH4)2SO4 (NHS) and MgSO4 (MgS). Fermentation was assessed by gas production (TGP) and dry-matter degradability (dDM%). Solubility and bioavailability were estimated by S concentration of the supernatant (SOL) and of bacteria (BACT). Microbial community was assessed by amplification of the 16SrRNA gene. NHS decreased (p<0.05), ES and NaS didn’t affect, while MgS increased (p<0.01) TGP. MgS increased (p<0.001), whilst ES, NaS and NHS showed no effect on dDM%. Sulfate sources increased (p<0.001), while ES did not affect the S content of SOL. S content of BACT suggests that sulfates have a high bioavailability, while ES is poorly assimilated by bacteria. Some variations of the microbial community were observed, including a lower abundance of methanogens with all S sources and a higher abundance of Desulfovibrio with MgS. These findings suggest that ES has limited solubility, whereas sulfates, particularly MgS, exhibit a high level of solubility in the rumen, resulting in a more effective utilization by bacteria.
The Effects of the Magnetic Drinking Water in Poultry: a Review
Authors: KIRKPINAR Figen , ATAEI Abdol Hossain , IŞIK Özgün
Published: February 2024

Good water quality and cleanliness increase water intake. This could lead to improved performance and reduce health problems of the flock in livestock. It does not require extra energy consumption and easy installation when a permanent magnet is used. Exposure of the water to a magnetic field changes the water’s properties including raising pH, and dissolved oxygen, and the number of water molecules decreases to a smaller cluster leading to better absorption of water into the animal cell membranes. There are many results in poultry field that magnetized drinking water increases water consumption and feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and meat quality of broilers, also it enhances egg production traits for laying hens. In addition, it improves hatchability, bioavailability, immunity and decreases mortality. This review aims to explain the existing literature on the inﬂuence the application of magnetic drinking water on the performance and health parameters of poultry.