bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complexity of intersections of real quadrics and topology of symmetric determinantal varieties
Authors: Lerario Antonio
Published: February 2016

Let

W

be a linear system of quadrics on the real projective space

\mathbb R P^n

and

X

be the base locus of that system (i.e. the common zero set of the quadrics in

W

). We prove a formula relating the topology of

X

to the one of the discriminant locus

\Sigma_W

(i.e. the set of singular quadrics in

W

). The set

\Sigma_W

equals the intersection of

W

with the discriminant hypersurface for quadrics; its singularities are unavoidable (they might persist after a small perturbation of

W

) and we set

\{\Sigma_W^{(r)}\}_{r\geq 1}

for its singular point stratification, i.e.

\Sigma_W^{(1)}=\Sigma_W

and

\Sigma_W^{(r)}=\textrm{Sing}\big( \Sigma_W^{(r-1)}\big)

. With this notation, for a generic

W

the mentioned formula writes:

b(X) \leq b(\mathbb R P^n)+ \sum_{r \geq 1}b(\mathbb{P}\Sigma_W^{(r)}).

In the general case a similar formula holds, but we have to replace each

b(\mathbb{P}\Sigma_W^{(r)})

with

\frac{1}{2}b(\Sigma_\epsilon^{(r)})

, where

\Sigma_\epsilon

equals the intersection of the discriminant hypersurface with the unit sphere on the translation of

W

in the direction of a small negative definite form. Each

\Sigma_\epsilon^{(r)}

is a determinantal variety on the sphere

S^{k-1}

defined by equations of degree at most

n+1

(here

k

denotes the dimension of

W

); we refine Milnor's bound, proving that for such affine varieties

b(\Sigma_\epsilon^{(r)})\leq O(n)^{k-1}

.

Since the sum in the above formulas contains at most

O(k)^{1/2}

terms, as a corollary we prove that if

X

is
any
intersection of

k

quadrics in

\mathbb R P^n

then the following
sharp
estimate holds:

b(X) \leq O(n)^{k-1}.

This bound refines Barvinok's style estimates (recall that the best previously known bound, due to Basu, has the shape

O(n)^{2k+2}

).
Максимально приводимая монодромия двумерных гипергеометрических систем
Authors: Sadykov Timur Mradovich , Tanabe S
Published: February 2016

Изучается ветвление решений двумерных голономных систем дифференциальных
уравнений, гипергеометрических в смысле Горна. Особое внимание уделяется
инвариантному относительно действия монодромии подпространству решений
с базисом из многочленов Пюизо. Основными объектами изучения являются
системы Горна, заданные симплициальными конфигурациями, системы Горна,
многоугольники Оре-Сато которых являются либо зонотопами, либо суммами (в
смысле Минковского) треугольников и отрезков, пропорциональных их сторонам.
Доказано необходимое и достаточное условие максимальной приводимости
представления монодромии двумерной гипергеометрической системы,
т. е. возможности представления пространства ее голоморфных решений в виде
прямой суммы одномерных инвариантных подпространств.
Библиография: 20 наименований.
Дифференциальные системы чисто гауссова типа
Authors: Sabbah Claude
Published: February 2016

Получены правила изменения данных Стокса при преобразовании Лапласа
для дифференциальных систем чисто гауссова типа.
Библиография: 18 наименований.
Некоторые приложения параметрической теории Пикара-Вессио
Authors: Mitschi Claude
Published: February 2016

В настоящей обзорной статье описаны некоторые приложения параметрической
теории Пикара-Вессио. Этот вариант теории Галуа для семейств линейных
дифференциальных уравнений был предложен Ф. Кассиди и М. Зингером
в сборнике, посвященном памяти А. А. Болибруха. Главные из описываемых
результатов были получены в совместных работах автора и М. Зингера
о семействах обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений с регулярными
параметрическими особенностями. Среди них - параметрические версии
теоремы Шлезингера и решения слабой проблемы Римана-Гильберта, а также
алгебраическое описание одного частного случая деформаций с изменением
монодромии, иллюстрируемого на примере классического уравнения
Дарбу-Альфана. Некоторые из наших результатов были недавно применены
разными авторами к решению обратной задачи параметрической теории
Пикара-Вессио, а также обобщены на случай иррегулярных особенностей. Эти
результаты других авторов частично отражены в обзоре. Статья содержит также
краткую справку об истории уравнения Дарбу-Альфана и приложение
о дифференциально замкнутых полях.
Библиография: 54 наименования.
A família Passiloraceae na APA Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina, Jeremoabo, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Santos Jéssica Vieira dos , Nunes Teonildes Sacramento , Conceicao Adilva De Souza
Published: February 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2016v29n1p11Este trabalho apresenta o levantamento lorístico da família Passiloraceae na APA Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina, localizada no município de Jeremoabo, Bahia. A família inclui cerca de 20 gêneros e 600 espécies, de distribuição pantropical. No Brasil, ocorrem quatro gêneros: Ancistrothyrsus, Dilkea, Mitostemma e Passilora, sendo o último o mais representativo. Para o bioma Caatinga são citadas 29 espécies, incluindo uma espécie de Mitostemma e as demais de Passilora. Os espécimes analisados foram coletados no período de agosto/2011 a fevereiro/2013, as análises foram complementadas com coleções herborizadas depositadas nos herbários: ALCB, HRB e HUEFS. Foram catalogadas quatro espécies do gênero Passilora: Passilora cincinnata, P. foetida, P. luetzelburgii e P. setacea. São apresentados comentários sobre morfologia e taxonomia, ilustrações, dados sobre distribuição geográica e fenologia, além de uma chave para os táxons estudados.
Two new species of Lipurometriocnemus Sæther from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)
Authors: Andersen Trond , Pinho Luiz Carlos de , Mendes Humberto Fonseca
Published: February 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2016v29n1p37Lipurometriocnemus amazonicus n. sp. de Manaus (Amazonas) e L. biancae n. sp. de Urubici (Santa Catarina) são descritos e ilustrados com base nos machos. Lipurometriocnemus amazonicus n. sp. pode ser separado das demais espécies de Lipurometriocnemus pela ausência de cerdas em R1 e R4+5; volsela inferior comparativamente longa e não pronunciada; dorsocentrais em número comparativamente reduzido, em sua maioria unisseriais; e baixa razão antenal. Lipurometriocnemus biancae n. sp. pode ser separado por apresentar cerdas em R1 e R4+5; uma volsela inferior distinta e arredondada; e dorsocentrais de bi- a trisseriais. Emendas à descrição do gênero e chave para machos de todas as espécies conhecidas são fornecidas.
Anfíbios do Parque Ambiental Chico Mendes, Rio Branco – Acre, Brasil
Authors: Venâncio Nathocley Mendes , Souza Moisés Barbosa de
Published: February 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2016v29n1p85A anfíbio fauna do Acre, apesar de pouco conhecida, é considerada como sendo uma das mais diversas.  O presente estudo teve como objetivo inventariar a fauna de anfíbios do Parque Ambiental Chico Mendes, fragmento florestal de 57 ha, localizado a sete quilômetros do centro da cidade de Rio Branco. O estudo foi realizado entre agosto de 2008 e julho de 2010, com a metodologia de busca visual e auditiva. Todas as trilhas e poças temporárias do parque foram inventariadas, onde registramos os indivíduos em atividade de vocalização ou visualmente. Foi encontrado um total de 51 táxons, distribuídos nas ordens: Anura, com 50 espécies, e Caudata, com 1 espécie. Os anfíbios do Parque mostraram uma sazonalidade quanto à reprodução, sendo os meses mais chuvosos, os com o maior número de espécies em atividade reprodutiva.
Quiropterofauna da Fazenda Santo Antônio dos Ipês, Jaú, estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Pedrozo Ayesha Ribeiro , Gomes Luiz Antonio Costa , Guimarães Moisés , Uieda Wilson
Published: February 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2016v29n1p97O presente estudo registrou as espécies de morcegos que ocorrem na Fazenda Santo Antônio dos Ipês, Jaú, SP, Brasil, com a finalidade de identificar os itens alimentares consumidos por esses animais e avaliar a presença do vírus rábico nos mesmos. Vinte e uma noites de captura, distribuídas em cinco áreas da fazenda, foram realizadas utilizando redes de neblina entre novembro de 2009 e julho de 2011. Após um esforço de captura de 18217,5 m2.h, 580 morcegos de 16 espécies foram capturados. Sturnira lilium (n = 184), Artibeus lituratus (n = 134) e Carollia perspicillata (n = 126) foram as espécies mais abundantes. Dois indivíduos de Lasiurus ega foram adicionados ao inventário através de observação em abrigo, totalizando assim 17 espécies amostradas. Os itens alimentares mais consumidos foram os frutos de Solanaceae e de Piperaceae, e os frutos de Muntingia calabura os menos consumidos. Nenhum dos 132 indivíduos analisados para o vírus rábico apresentou resultado positivo. A Fazenda Santo Antônio dos Ipês é uma importante área, pois abriga a Reserva Ecológica Amadeu Botelho (uma Unidade de Conservação) que é o último resquício de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual da região de Jaú e que serve como refúgio para animais silvestres incluindo morcegos.
Evaluating Model Parameterizations of Submicron Aerosol Scattering and Absorption with In Situ Data from ARCTAS 2008
Authors: Alvarado M. J. , Lonsdale C. R. , Macintyre H. L. , Bian H. , Chin M. , Ridley D. A. , Heald C. L. , Thornhill K. L. , Anderson B. E. , Cubison M. J. , Jimenez J. L. , Kondo Y. , Sahu L. K. , Dibb J. E. , Wang C.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Accurate modeling of the scattering and absorption of ultraviolet and visible radiation by aerosols is essential for accurate simulations of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Closure studies using in situ measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption can be used to evaluate and improve models of aerosol optical properties without interference from model errors in aerosol emissions, transport, chemistry, or deposition rates. Here we evaluate the ability of four externally mixed, fixed size distribution parameterizations used in global models to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption at three wavelengths using in situ data gathered during the 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. The four models are the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Combo model, GEOS-Chem v9-02, the baseline configuration of a version of GEOS-Chem with online radiative transfer calculations (called GC-RT), and the Optical Properties of Aerosol and Clouds (OPAC v3.1) package. We also use the ARCTAS data to perform the first evaluation of the ability of the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP v2.1) to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption when in situ data on the aerosol size distribution is used, and examine the impact of different mixing rules for black carbon (BC) on the results. We find that the GMI model tends to overestimate submicron scattering and absorption at shorter wavelengths by 10–23 %, and that GMI has smaller absolute mean biases for submicron absorption than OPAC v3.1, GEOS-Chem v9-02, or GC-RT. However, the changes to the density and refractive index of BC in GC-RT improve the simulation of submicron aerosol absorption at all wavelengths relative to GEOS-Chem v9-02. Adding in situ size distribution information, as in ASP v2.1, improves model performance for scattering but not for absorption, likely due to the assumption in ASP v2.1 that BC is present at a constant mass fraction through out the aerosol size distribution. Using a core-shell mixing state in ASP overestimates aerosol absorption, especially for the fresh biomass burning aerosol measured in ARCTAS-B, suggesting the need for time-varying mixing states in future versions of ASP.
Cluster analysis of European surface ozone observations for evaluation of MACC reanalysis data
Authors: Lyapina Olga , Schultz Martin G. , Hense Andreas
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The high density of European surface ozone monitoring sites provides unique opportunities for the investigation of regional ozone representativeness and for the evaluation of chemistry climate models. The regional representativeness of European ozone measurements is investigated through a cluster analysis (CA) of 4 years of three-hourly ozone data from 1492 European surface monitoring stations in the Airbase database; the time resolution corresponds to the output frequency of the model that is compared to the data in this study. K-means clustering is implemented for seasonal-diurnal variations (i) in absolute mixing ratio units, and (ii) normalized by the overall mean ozone mixing ratio at each site. Statistical tests suggest that each CA can distinguish between 4 and 5 different ozone pollution regimes. The individual clusters reveal differences in seasonal-diurnal cycles, showing typical patterns of the ozone behavior for more polluted stations or more rural background. The robustness of the clustering was tested with a series of k-means runs decreasing randomly the size of the initial data set or lengths of the timeseries. Except for the Po Valley, the clustering does not provide a regional differentiation, as the member stations within each cluster are generally distributed all over Europe. The typical seasonal, diurnal, and weekly cycles of each cluster are compared to the output of the multi-year global reanalysis produced within the Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) project. While the MACC reanalysis generally captures the shape of the diurnal cycles and the diurnal amplitudes it is not able to reproduce the seasonal cycles very well and it exhibits a high bias up to 12 nmol/mol. The bias decreases from more polluted clusters to cleaner ones. Also, the seasonal and weekly cycles and frequency distributions of ozone mixing ratios are better described for clusters with relatively clean signatures. Due to relative sparsity of CO and NOx measurements these were not included in the cluster analysis. However, simulated CO and NOx mixing ratios are consistent with the general classification into more polluted and more background sites. Mean CO mixing ratios are ≈ 140–145 nmol/mol (CL1 – CL3) and ≈ 130–135 nmol/mol (CL4 and CL5), and NOx mixing ratios are ≈ 4–6 nmol/mol and ≈ 2–3 nmol/mol, respectively. These results confirm that relatively coarse scale global models are more suitable for simulation of regional background concentrations, which are less variable in space and time. We conclude that cluster analysis of surface ozone observations provides a powerful and robust way to stratify sets of stations being thus more suitable for model evaluation.
Development of automated preparation system for isotopocule analysis of N2O in various air samples
Authors: Toyoda Sakae , Yoshida Naohiro
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O), an increasingly abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, is the most important stratospheric ozone-depleting gas of this century. Natural abundance ratios of isotopocules of N2O, NNO molecules substituted with stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen, are a promising index of various sources or production pathways of N2O and of its sink or decomposition pathways. Several automated methods have been reported to improve the analytical precision for the isotopocule ratio of atmospheric N2O and to reduce the labor necessary for complicated sample-preparation procedures related to mass spectrometric analysis. However, no method accommodates flask samples with limited volume or pressure. Here we present an automated pre-concentration system for gas samples of various amounts and various N2O concentrations. The shortest processing time for a single analysis of typical atmospheric sample is 40 min. Precision values of isotopocule ratio analysis are < 0.1 ‰ for δ15Nbulk (average abundances of 14N15N16O and 15N14N16O relative to 14N14N16O), < 0.2 ‰ for δ18O (relative abundance of 14N14N18O), and < 0.5 ‰ for SP (difference between relative abundance of 14N15N16O and 15N14N16O). That precision is comparable to those of other automated systems, but better than that of our previously reported manual measurement system.
Overview of the O3M SAF GOME-2 operational atmospheric composition and UV radiation data products and data availability
Authors: Hassinen S. , Balis D. , Bauer H. , Begoin M. , Delcloo A. , Eleftheratos K. , Gimeno Garcia S. , Granville J. , Grossi M. , Hao N. , Hedelt P. , Hendrick F. , Hess M. , Heue K.-P. , Hovila J. , Jønch-Sørensen H. , Kalakoski N. , Kauppi A. , Kiemle S. , Kins L. , Koukouli M. E. , Kujanpää J. , Lambert J.-C. , Lang R. , Lerot C. , Loyola D. , Pedergnana M. , Pinardi G. , Romahn F. , van Roozendael M. , Lutz R. , De Smedt I. , Stammes P. , Steinbrecht W. , Tamminen J. , Theys N. , Tilstra L. G. , Tuinder O. N. E. , Valks P. , Zerefos C. , Zimmer W. , Zyrichidou I.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The three Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 instruments will provide unique and long data sets for atmospheric research and applications. The complete time period will be 2007–2022, including the period of ozone depletion as well as the beginning of ozone layer recovery. Besides ozone chemistry, the GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) products are important e.g. for air quality studies, climate modelling, policy monitoring and hazard warnings. The heritage for GOME-2 is in the ERS/GOME and Envisat/SCIAMACHY instruments. The current Level 2 (L2) data cover a wide range of products such as ozone and minor trace gas columns (NO2, BrO, HCHO, H2O, SO2), vertical ozone profiles in high and low spatial resolution, absorbing aerosol indices, surface Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity database, clear-sky and cloud-corrected UV indices and surface UV fields with different weightings and photolysis rates. The Satellite Application Facility on Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (O3M SAF) processes and disseminates data 24/7. Data quality is guaranteed by the detailed review processes for the algorithms, validation of the products as well as by a continuous quality monitoring of the products and processing. This paper provides an overview of the O3M SAF project background, current status and future plans for the utilisation of the GOME-2 data. An important focus is the provision of summaries of the GOME-2 products including product principles and validation examples together with sample images. Furthermore, this paper collects references to the detailed product algorithm and validation papers.
Potentially Bioavailable Iron Delivery by Iceberg-hosted Sediments and Atmospheric Dust to the Polar Oceans
Authors: Raiswell Rob , Hawkings Jon  R. , Benning Liane  G. , Baker Alex  R. , Death Ros , Albani Samuel , Mahowald Natalie , Krom Mike  D. , Poulton Simon  W. , Wadham Jemma , Tranter Martyn
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Iceberg-hosted sediments and atmospheric dusts transport potentially bioavailable iron to the Arctic and Southern Oceans as nanoparticulate ferrihydrite (the most soluble and potentially bioavailable iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral). A suite of more than 50 iceberg-hosted sediments contain a mean content of 0.076 wt. % Fe as nanoparticulate ferrihydrite, which produces iceberg-hosted Fe fluxes ranging from 1.4–11 and 3.2–25 Gmoles yr−1 to the Arctic a nd Southern Oceans respectively. Atmospheric dust contains a mean nanoparticulate ferrihydrite Fe content of 0.038 wt. % (corresponding to a fractional solubility of ~ 1 %) and delivers much smaller Fe fluxes (0.02–0.07 Gmoles yr−1 to the Arctic Ocean and 0.0–0.02 Gmoles yr−1 to the Southern Ocean). New dust flux data show that most atmospheric dust is delivered to sea ice where exposure to melting/re-freezing cycles may enhance fractional solubility, and thus fluxes, by a factor of approximately 2.5. Improved estimates for these particulate sources require additional data for the sediment content of icebergs and samples of atmospheric dust delivered to the polar regions.
Along-stream transport and transformation of dissolved organic matter in a large tropical river
Authors: Lambert Thibault , Teodoru Cristian R. , Nyoni Frank C. , Bouillon Steven , Darchambeau François , Massicotte Philippe , Borges Alberto V.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Large rivers transport considerable amounts of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the ocean. Yet, downstream gradients and temporal variability in DOM fluxes and characteristics are poorly studied at the scale of large river basins, especially in tropical areas. Here, we report longitudinal patterns in DOM content and composition based on absorbanc e and fluorescence measurements along the Zambezi River and its main tributary, the Kafue River, during two hydrological seasons. During high flow periods, a greater proportion of aromatic and humic DOM was mobilized along rivers due to the hydrological connectivity with wetlands and high flow velocities, while low flow periods were characterized by lower DOM content of less aromaticity resulting from loss of connectivity with wetlands, more efficient degradation of terrestrial DOM and enhanced autochthonous productivity. Changes in water residence time due to contrasting water discharge were found to modulate the fate of DOM along the river continuum. Thus, terrestrial DOM dynamics shifted from transport-dominated during the wet seasons towards degradation during the dry season, with substantial consequences on longitudinal DOM content and composition. The longitudinal evolution of DOM was also strongly impacted by a hydrological buffering effect in large reservoirs in which the seasonal variability of DOM fluxes and composition was strongly reduced.
Validation of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (v.5.1) against eddy covariance data for 10 European forest sites
Authors: Collalti A. , Marconi S. , Ibrom A. , Trotta C. , Anav A. , D'Andrea E. , Matteucci G. , Montagnani L. , Gielen B. , Mammarella I. , Grünwald T. , Knohl A. , Berninger F. , Zhao Y. , Valentini R. , Santini M.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This study evaluates the performances of the new version (v.5.1) of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (FEM) in simulating gross primary productivity (GPP), against eddy covariance GPP data for 10 FLUXNET forest sites across Europe. A new carbon allocation module, coupled with new both phenological and autotrophic respiration schemes, was implemented in this new daily version. Model ability in reproducing timing and magnitude of daily and monthly GPP fluctuations is validated at intra-annual and inter-annual scale, including extreme anomalous seasons. With the purpose to test the 3D-CMCC FEM applicability over Europe without a site-related calibration, the model has been deliberately parametrized with a single set of species-specific parametrizations for each forest ecosystem. The model consistently reproduces both in timing and in magnitude daily and monthly GPP variability across all sites, with the exception of the two Mediterranean sites. We find that 3D-CMCC FEM tends to better simulate the timing of inter-annual anomalies than their magnitude within measurements' uncertainty. In six of eight sites where data are available, the model well reproduces the 2003 summer drought event. Finally, for three sites we evaluate whether a more accurate representation of forest structural characteristics (i.e. cohorts, forest layers) and species composition can improve model results. In two of the three sites results reveal that model slightly increases its performances although, statistically speaking, not in a relevant way.
Sharing water and benefits in transboundary river basins
Authors: Arjoon Diane , Tilmant Amaury , Herrmann Markus
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The equitable sharing of benefits in transboundary river basins is necessary to solve disputes among riparian countries and to reach a consensus on basin-wide development and management activities. Benefit sharing arrangements must be collaboratively developed to be perceived not only as efficient, but also as equitable in order to be considered acceptable to all riparian countries. The current literature mainly describes what is meant by the term benefit sharing in the the context of transboundary river basins and discusses this from a conceptual point of view, but falls short of providing practical, institutional arrangements that ensure maximum economic welfare as well as collaboratively developed methods for encouraging the equitable sharing of benefits. In this study we define an institutional arrangement that distributes welfare in a river basin by maximizing the economic benefits of water use and then sharing these benefits in an equitable manner using a method developed through stakeholder involvement.We describe a methodology in which (i) a hydrological model is used to allocate scarce water resources, in an economically efficient manner, to water users in a transboundary basin, (ii) water users are obliged to pay for water, and (iii) the total of these water charges are equitably redistributed as monetary compensation to users in an amount determined through the application of a sharing method developed by stakeholder input, thus based on a stakeholder vision of fairness, using an axiomatic approach. The whole system is overseen by a river basin authority. The methodology is applied to the Eastern Nile River basin as a case study. The described technique not only ensures economic efficiency, but may also lead to more equitable solutions in the sharing of benefits in transboundary river basins because the definition of the sharing rule is not in question, as would be the case if existing methods, such as game theory, were applied, with their inherent definitions of fairness.
Strong degradation of palsas and peat plateaus in northern Norway during the last 60 years
Authors: Borge Amund F. , Westermann Sebastian , Solheim Ingvild , Etzelmüller Bernd
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Palsas and peat plateaus are permafrost landforms occurring in subarctic mires which constitute sensitive ecosystems with strong significance for vegetation, wildlife, hydrology and carbon cycle. We have systematically mapped the occurrence of palsas and peat plateaus in the northernmost county of Norway (Finnmark, ~ 50 000 km2) by manual interpretation of aerial images from 2005–2014 at a spatial resolution of 250 m2. At this resolution, mires and wetlands with palsas or peat plateaus occur in about 850 km2 of Finnmark, with the actual palsas and peat plateaus underlain by permafrost covering a surface area of approximately 110 km2. Secondly, we have quantified the lateral changes of the extent of palsas and peat plateaus for four study areas located along a NW–SE transect through Finnmark by utilizing repeat aerial imagery from the 1950s to the 2010s. The results of the lateral changes reveal a total decrease of 33–71 % in the areal extent of palsas and peat plateaus during the study period, with the largest lateral change rates observed in the last decade. However, the results indicate that degradation of palsas and peat plateaus in northern Norway has been a consistent process during the second half of the 20th century and possibly even earlier. Significant rates of degradation are observed in all investigated time periods since the 1950s, and thermokarst landforms observed on aerial images from the 1950s suggest that lateral degradation was already an ongoing process at this time. The results of this study show that lateral erosion of palsas and peat plateaus is an important pathway for permafrost degradation in the sporadic permafrost zone in northern Scandinavia. While the environmental factors governing the rate of erosion are not yet fully understood, we note a moderate increase in both air temperature and precipitation during the last few decades in the region.
Visual and Anatomic Outcomes after Conversion to Aflibercept in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: 12-Month Results
Authors: Aghdam Kaveh Abri , Pielen Amelie , Framme Carsten , Junker Bernd
Published: February 2016

Purpose

To investigate 12-month outcomes of conversion to aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration resistant to ranibizumab.

Methods

Twenty-two eyes of 19 consecutive patients received 3 monthly aflibercept injections followed by a pro re nata protocol. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were obtained before each injection. All 49 cross-sectional OCT B-scans obtained in each examination were investigated and the largest choroidal neovascularization (CNV) size was chosen. The same cross-sectional B-scan sections containing the maximum CNV size were used during the follow-up.

Results

After 12 months, best-corrected visual acuity increased from 45.68 ± 20.25 to 59.09 ± 17.50 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (p<0.001), central subfield thickness decreased from 399.91 ± 148.85 to 304.55 ± 97.89 μm (p = 0.003), area of CNV declined from 0.38 ± 0.24 to 0.28 ± 0.19 mm2 (p = 0.003), and macular volume improved from 9.64 ± 1.75 to 8.45 ± 0.98 mm3 (p<0.001). There was a significant resolution of intraretinal fluid (p = 0.016), but reduction of subretinal fluid was not significant (p = 0.25).

Conclusions

Visual and anatomic improvement were obtained after conversion to aflibercept.
Provision of Total HIP Replacement for Displaced Intracapsular HIP Fracture and the Outcomes: Audit of Local Practice Based on NICE Guidelines
Authors: Walker Lucy C. , Lee Ling H. , Webb Mark , Walmsley Julie , O'Brien Shaun , Krishnan Kamalakannan M. , Nanu Ananda M.
Published: February 2016

Introduction

Hip fractures are becoming an increasing public health issue due to an ageing population (1). Total hip replacements (THR) produce better outcomes in certain patients who were functioning independently before the injury (2). We aimed to assess whether the management of intracapsular hip fracture is carried out in accordance with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) hip fracture guidance (1) and the outcomes with regards to performing THRs on those patients who fulfil the described criteria.

Method

Data was collected retrospectively from the 1st April 2012 to 31st March 2013 from all fractured neck of femur patients admitted to our hospital.

Results

Of the 382 patients fit for an operation, 78 (20.4%) met with the NICE hip fracture guidance for a total hip replacement. Of those eligible, 32 (41.0%) did receive a THR and 4 (2.8%) patients of the 142 not eligible for a total hip replacement also received a THR.

Discussions

Of those eligible for a THR, the patients who underwent that procedure had a significantly lower mortality rate compared to those who underwent a hemiarthroplasty (0% versus 19.6% at 1 year, p = 0.007). However, those who did not meet the NICE criteria but underwent a THR had the worst mortality rate (50% at 30 days and 1 year). The provision rate of THR in displaced intracapsular hip fracture is low at 41.0% for those who met the NICE criteria. The results suggest that the decision process when determining if a patient should undergo THR for a fractured neck of femur is multifactorial.
Microleakage of 4 Post-luting Cements Evaluated by the Computerized Fluid Filtration Method
Authors: Ceyhanli Kadir T. , Orucoglu Hasan , Erdilek Necdet , Turkun Murat , Akdağ Mustafa S.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 4 fiber post-luting systems using the computerized fluid filtration method.

Methods

60 extracted human mandibular permanent premolar teeth were used for the study. The teeth were instrumented with Hedstroem files up to size 60, post spaces were prepared and then Unicore fiber posts were cemented using 4 luting systems. Group1: Duolink, Group 2: Resinomer, Group 3: Fuji Plus, Group 4: Multilink Sprint, Group 5: Positive Control, and Group 6: Negative Control. The samples were stored in distilled water for 2 weeks and then microleakage was evaluated. Data were analyzed with 1 way-ANOVA and Dunett T3 tests (P<.05). Groups 2 and 3 significantly exhibited higher microleakage values than groups 1 and 4 (P<.05).

Results

Resin cements used with total etch-bonding systems demonstrated lower microleakage values than the other cements.

Conclusions

Reduction of steps in dentin conditioning of resin luting cements may have a promoting effect on microleakage.
Tourism statistics
Authors: Aroca Patricio , Brida Juan Gabriel , Volo Serena
Published: February 2016

Tourism statistics are key sources of information for economic planners, tourism researchers, and operators. Still, several cases of data inadequacy and inaccuracy are reported in literature. The aim of this article is to propose a methodology useful to improve tourism statistics: a modified version of the Coarsened Exact Matching. The methodological steps herein proposed provide tourism statisticians and authorities with a tool to improve the reliability of available sample surveys. Data from a Chilean region are used to illustrate the method. This study contributes to the realm of tourism statistics literature in that it offers a new methodological approach to the creation of accurate and adequate tourism data.
Palabras del señor rector No.4
Authors: Loucel José Mauricio
Published: February 2016

Dar cuatro pasos ya es caminar, por largo que sea el sendero. Esa ha sido la experiencia, hasta el día de hoy, con la publicación de la revista de museología Kóot, que la universidad edita mediante la Dirección de Cultura y el Museo Universitario de Antropología, y que en esta oportunidad suma su cuarto lanzamiento.Se integran en su contenido trabajos de colaboradores nacionales y extranjeros que en sus textos nos explican aspectos relacionados con la cultura; pero desde otros entornos e historias.
A manera de presentación No.4
Authors: Rivas Ramón D.
Published: February 2016

Este cuarto número de la Revista de museología Kóot ofrece siete artículos, que con gusto la Dirección de Cultura de la Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador presenta a la comunidad académica. Esta edición tiene como tema “Museos y patrimonio subacuático”.Empezamos a darnos cuenta, en el país, de que los museos son verdaderos espacios culturales para el resguardo, conservación y exhibición del patrimonio del que es rica la nación; y cada vez nos encontramos con más iniciativas por parte de personas, a título personal; pero también por comunidades organizadas en querer crear museos.Esto significa que, poco a poco, hay una especie de toma de conciencia sobre la importancia de estos espacios para educar en temas específicos concernientes al patrimonio; pero también educar para la vida y para la sana convivencia, aprendiendo a ver y respetar los referentes del pasado que los museos muestran al público que los visita, además de ese patrimonio tangible e intangible que abunda en nuestro país.
Un carnaval inventado. El disfraz de lo Zoque en el Chiapas contemporáneo
Authors: Lisbona Guillén Miguel
Published: February 2016

Esta artículo tiene como finalidad reflexionar sobre una fiesta nacida en el año 2007, el Carnaval de Copoya, una localidad perteneciente al municipio de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, capital del estado de Chiapas (México).La carnestolenda no es una construcción reciente en el mundo, y tiempo habrá en estas páginas para profundizar en ello, pero sí llama la atención que en la localidad de Copoya, a escasos cinco kilómetros de la capital chiapaneca, surgiera una festividad cuando ya existía un carnaval celebrado conjuntamente por los que se reconocen como zoques en Copoya y en Tuxtla Gutiérrez.
Palabras del señor rector No.5
Authors: Loucel José Mauricio
Published: February 2016

Las ciencias de la cultura son fundamentales para darle forma al pensamiento crítico al estudiar el pasado y sus legados patrimoniales tangibles e intangibles, que, en parte, estos últimos son los sucesos históricos de nuestros pueblos, sus creencias y costumbres, entre muchos otros; y al estar frente a las tan diversas y complejas realidades, nacional y mundial, actuales.La Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, Utec, tiene varios años de estar haciendo un esfuerzo continuo y, por lo tanto, un serio aporte a las ciencias antes mencionadas con los nuevos descubrimientos teóricos, materiales y prácticos, mediante investigaciones avanzadas y la conservación de los hallazgos arqueológicos y antropológicos de investigadores de la universidad, dejando siempre registros impresos de dichos trabajos.
A manera de presentación No.5
Authors: Rivas Ramón D.
Published: February 2016

No cabe duda de que la compilación de los ocho ensayos e investigaciones expuestos en este número de la revista de museología Kóot constituye un valioso aporte para la academia y, en especial, para los amantes de la historia, porque se registran sucintamente hechos sociales con un nuevo enfoque, que de una u otra forma han incidido en el desarrollo social, económico y político de nuestro país.Lo que aquí se presenta no es únicamente una recapitulación de lo que ya se sabe; se trata de interpretaciones, enfoques y elementos actualizados que ayudan al lector investigador a tener una comprensión más clara de lo que ha ocurrido en nuestro país y en el exterior, y de las líneas de pensamiento modernas existentes en torno a los temas tratados.
El pensamiento de Sócrates (470-399)
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: February 2016

El testimonio de Nietzsche: era tan feo hasta el punto de que Nietzsche se pregunta si era verdaderamente un griego, si no representa al criminal típico, con su maldad raquítica: “Todo en él es exagerado, burdo, caricaturesco; y al mismo tiempo lleno de escondrijos, de segundas intenciones, de subterfugios”. Sin embargo, su fealdad atrae a Alcibíades.Caminaba con los pies descalzos. A veces se le presenta como sucio, aunque recomendaba la limpieza a los jóvenes adolescentes.En resumen, una especie de mendigo (¿de qué vivía? No cobraba sus lecciones) al que quizá alguna vez (¿qué no se ha dicho de Sócrates?) le dieron una paliza, sin que dejara de sonreír, por la exasperación que causaba en el ágora su manía de discutir
La complejidad de las identidades vista desde la memoria colectiva. El caso de la localidad de Chalchuapa en El Salvador
Authors: Erquicia Cruz José Heriberto
Published: February 2016

“Siempre se nos ha identificado como una sociedad políticamente rebelde contra el sistema tradicional…”, comentaba un chalchuapaneco, maestro retirado y hoy comerciante. Esta no sería la primera vez que escucharía esa identificación de algunos de los chalchuapanecos que esgrimían una autoproclamada “identidad rebelde”.El municipio de Chalchuapa, del departamento de Santa Ana, se sitúa en el occidente del territorio salvadoreño, a unos 10 kilómetros de la frontera con Guatemala y a 70 kilómetros de San Salvador se ubica la ciudad de Chalchuapa.Basta conocer un poco de la historia reciente de Chalchuapa para darse cuenta de que su localización como lugar de frontera, entre dos estados nacionales, jugó un papel importante en muchas de las batallas entre liberales y conservadores, o entre partidarios liberales de ambos países, y que se gestaron durante los siglos XIX y XX.
Exvotos a santos y patronos: el poder de las imágenes sagradas
Authors: Herrera Reina Martha Marielba
Published: February 2016

A manera de introducción En El Salvador del siglo XXI, muchos cultos a imágenes sagradas, cristianas o no, son el reflejo de las necesidades espirituales, físicas y materiales de diferentes creyentes que en cualquier día del año pueden solicitarles ayuda.Estas peticiones, según registros eclesiásticos, surgieron desde el siglo XVI o el XVII a partir de los acuerdos del Concilio de Trento1 en el que se mencionan, entre otros: la intercesión e invocación de los santos y sus imágenes; la difusión del marianismo; la devoción a los santos, ángeles y almas del purgatorio; las fiestas, romerías y procesiones.Esto implica la conformación de santuarios, conservar imágenes de Cristo, de la Virgen María y otros santos en los templos; uso del arte para instruir y confirmar la fe, en donde se utilizarían ejemplos de los santos y los milagros que se realizaron por su intercesión (Pastor, 1996. En Roselló, 1998, p. 8).De esta forma se establecen, a partir de la Iglesia-Institución, estas nuevas formas de cristianismo que se difundieron por todos los lugares conquistados por los europeos.
Palabras del Dr. Héctor Samour en la presentación del libro ILOBASCO de los recuerdos. De las muchas cosas que pasaban, del Dr. Ramón Rivas. San Salvador (19/03/2014)
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: February 2016

Dr. Ramón Rivas: muchas gracias por este magnífico libro que hoy lanza al espacio público y por la deferencia de seleccionarme para hacer su presentación en una ocasión irrepetible.Gracias no solo de mi persona, sino, también, de parte de los innumerables lectores que se beneficiarán y sorprenderán con la armoniosa articulación que usted ha logrado con los variados e incontables esfuerzos académicos y de investigación aquí concentrados.Nos muestra maestría al presentarnos, en una forma muy sencilla, como sin esfuerzos, salida de un flujo natural de ideas, atrás de una taza de café o en una conversación de amigos, el arduo, largo y, a veces, tedioso trabajo de la labor del investigador serio, tales como la definición del problema o los problemas que se tenían que tratar, la delimitación de los tiempos que se debían visualizar, la identificación del sujeto de la investigación, la metodología que habría de emplear, cuales son los actores o sistemas que se estudiarían, el trabajo de campo, las entrevistas, la repetición de las entrevistas, la verificación de la información o conclusiones, la recolección y sistematización de datos, su procesamiento, la búsqueda de la coherencia interna del informe y la selección de las mejores formas de la exposición de resultados.
Musicoterapia
Authors: Payés Carlos
Published: February 2016

DefiniciónLa musicoterapia es el uso dosificado de la música en el tratamiento, la rehabilitación, la educación y el adiestramiento de niños y adultos que padecen trastornos físicos, mentales o emocionales.PremisaEl valor terapéutico de la música estriba en las relaciones que la persona establezca con ella. En este caso, la música no es un fin en sí misma y prácticamente no hay relación con su calidad ni con la perfección de las ejecuciones.El origen de la músicaEl hombre ha creído, en alguna época, que el sonido era una fuerza elemental cósmica y que adquirió forma verbal. Hay muchas leyendas acerca de la creación del universo en las cuales el sonido desempeña una función principal. Así es como la música se ha relacionado con lo mágico y está íntimamente relacionada con las religiones. Combarieu afirma que, en todas las civilizaciones conocidas, la música ha sido tenida por producto de origen divino.Ha existido la creencia, también, de que la música podía ser empleada por espíritus del mal y conducir a los hombres a la perdición; el caso del canto de las sirenas de Odiseo que hacía que los marinos se arrojaran al mar y murieran ahogados.
Palabras del señor rector No.6
Authors: Loucel José Mauricio
Published: February 2016

Comprender al hombre, término genérico que puede significar la humanidad —lo que incluye, por supuesto, a las mujeres—, o al otro, como se usa en antropología, pasa por tratar de entender las formas en que aquel se ha comportado en la historia a través de los siglos y, de ser posible, de los milenios; y por investigar las obras que ha realizado, o sus vestigios, sus creencias y tradiciones y cómo estas han afectado su entorno y a sus contemporáneos y quizá a nosotros hasta en la actualidad.Y sí se ha logrado acumular un legado histórico, cultural y científico de los pueblos del mundo que reflejan los hechos en los que los principales actores han sido hombres y mujeres de valía en sus respectivos campos de acción. Ha habido unos ‘tristemente célebres’ que más bien han producido destrucción con su ‘genio’, pero han sido excepcionales.
A manera de presentación No.6
Authors: Rivas Ramon D.
Published: February 2016

El estudio del patrimonio cultural de un país es de suma importancia para la academia, sobre todo, porque contribuye al fortalecimiento de nuestra identidad y genera conciencia para su conservación, protección y difusión, tanto a escala nacional como internacional.Conservar el patrimonio de un país es una labor que nos compete a todos. Conocerlo es una responsabilidad de cada ciudadano. Difundirlo es la tarea de una sociedad en su conjunto. De ahí el importante papel que juegan los museos en un país, al generar una relación entre ciudadano y patrimonio que coadyuva al mejor desarrollo cultural y a la transformación social.Por ello, al hablar sobre la importancia de los museos y en qué contribuyen al fortalecimiento y desarrollo de una sociedad como la nuestra, podemos dimensionar tres aspectos básicos: la formación educativa a través de la historia, la investigación y el resguardo de los bienes culturales.
El museo nacional: pasado, presente y futuro
Authors: Batres Posada José Óscar
Published: February 2016

El presente documento es una recopilación de datos que permiten reconstruir algunos de los hechos de la vida cultural del Museo Nacional “Dr. David J. Guzmán”, donde no menos importante es toda su labor desarrollada hasta este momento, que en los albores de celebrar sus 130 años de fundación.También es meritorio destacar el aporte de su personal técnico así como de gente altruista al devenir histórico del museo, que sin duda ha sido un trabajo lleno de satisfacción por el servicio brindado en favor del conocimiento del público visitante. El Museo Nacional de Antropología se constituye como el primero en nuestro país y ha sido hasta estos días el principal referente de las investigaciones que hoy permiten enlazar los eslabones de nuestra historia cultural.Construir sus antecedentes como institución no es tarea fácil, ya que muchos detalles por algún motivo no se registraron en su momento. Estas líneas serán solamente una aproximación descriptiva, que se recopila con la información disponible y la experiencia vivenciada.
El Museo Matachín, 32 años de trabajo comunitario
Authors: Hartmann Matos Alejandro
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo es una ponencia presentada en la décimo sexta Conferencia Internacional del Movimiento para una Nueva Museología, MINOM-ICOM1, celebrada en la ciudad de La Habana, del 6 al 11 de octubre del 2014; y es el resultado de las experiencias personales del Director del Museo de Matachín, Baracoa (Cuba), el cual ha funcionado durante 32 años de manera ininterrumpida, sumando experiencias únicas que se iniciaron cuando se inauguraron museos en todos los municipios de Cuba por la Ley 23 de la Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular.Desde su inicio —y a través de todos estos años— el Museo de Matachín ha sido un aporte significativo a la museografía cubana debido al arduo trabajo comunitario que, en el caso de Baracoa donde el 95 % del municipio es montaña y de difícil acceso, se han visitado las escuelas más apartadas y a todos los campesinos que viven en esos intrincados lugares.
El Himno nacional de El Salvador explicado
Authors: Marroquín Salvador
Published: February 2016

El presente trabajo pretende hacer conciencia en el pueblo salvadoreño del enorme esfuerzo que históricamente se tuvo que hacer para diseñar el ideal de patria en el marco de intereses contrarios: unos a favor de la Corona, otros para beneficiarse directamente de la “independencia” y la gran mayoría para quitarse el yugo impuesto por España, buscando su propia identidad cultural.También es importante conocer las grandes limitaciones que existían en aquella época para conducir la patria entera hacia un futuro promisorio y por qué era importante lograr la libertad.