bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excitation-wavelength-dependent persistent luminescence from single-component nonstoichiometric CaGaxO4:Bi for dynamic anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Liu Bo-Mei , Lin Yue , Liu Yingchun , Lou Bibo , Ma Chong-Geng , Zhang Hui , Wang Jing
Published: October 2024

Materials capable of dynamic persistent luminescence (PersL) within the visible spectrum are highly sought after for applications in display, biosensing, and information security. However, PersL materials with eye-detectable and excitation-wavelength-dependent characteristics are rarely achieved. Herein, a nonstoichiometric compound CaGaxO4:Bi (x < 2) is present, which demonstrates ultra-long, color-tunable PersL. The persistent emission wavelength can be tuned by varying the excitation wavelength, enabling dynamic color modulation from the green to the orange region within the visible spectrum. Theoretical calculations, in conjunction with experimental observations, are utilized to elucidate the thermodynamic charge transitions of various defect states, thereby providing insights into the relationship between Bi3+ emitters, traps, and multicolored PersL. Furthermore, the utility of color-tunable PersL materials and flexible devices is showcased for use in visual sensing of invisible ultraviolet light, multicolor display, information encryption, and anti-counterfeiting. These discoveries create new opportunities to develop smart photoelectric materials with dynamically controlled PersL for various applications.
Autism spectrum disorder-like behaviors induced by hyper-glutamatergic NMDA receptor signaling through hypo-serotonergic 5-HT1A receptor signaling in the prefrontal cortex in mice exposed to prenatal valproic acid
Authors: Kurahashi Hitomi , Kunisawa Kazuo , Tanaka Kenji F. , Kubota Hisayoshi , Hasegawa Masaya , Miyachi Mai , Moriya Yuka , Hasegawa Yoichi , Nagai Taku , Saito Kuniaki , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Mouri Akihiro
Published: October 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors, social deficits, and cognitive impairments. Maternal use of valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of ASD in offspring. The prevailing pathophysiological hypothesis for ASD involves excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalances and serotonergic dysfunction. Here, we investigated the association between glutamatergic-serotonergic neuronal interactions and ASD-like behaviors in mice exposed to prenatal VPA. Prenatal VPA exposure induced excessive repetitive self-grooming behavior and impaired social behavior and object recognition memory in young adult period. Prenatal VPA mice showed hyper-glutamatergic function (increase in basal extracellular glutamate levels and CaMKII phosphorylation) and hypo-serotonergic function (decrease in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and stimulation-induced serotonin [5-HT] release, but an increase in 5-HT transporter expression) in the prefrontal cortex. Treatment with a low-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine), a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine), and a 5-HT1A receptor agonist (tandospirone) attenuated both the increase in CaMKII phosphorylation and ASD-like behavior of prenatal VPA mice. Opto-genetic activation of the serotonergic neuronal system attenuated impairments in social behavior and object recognition memory in prenatal VPA mice. WAY-100635—a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist—antagonized the effect of fluoxetine on impaired social behavior and object recognition memory. These results suggest that E/I imbalance and ASD-like behavior are associated with hypo-serotonergic receptor signaling through 5-HT1A receptors in prenatal VPA mice.
Quiescent cancer cells induced by high-density cultivation reveals cholesterol-mediated survival and lung metastatic traits
Authors: Liu Xingyang , Min Qinjie , Cheng Xinxin , Zhang Weimin , Wu Qingnan , Chen Xu , Lv Mengzhu , Liu Siqi , Zhao Huihui , Yang Di , Tai Yidi , Lei Xiao , Wang Yan , Zhan Qimin
Published: October 2024

Background

The metastatic cascade, a multifaceted and highly aggressive process, is the primary cause of mortality. The survival of quiescent cancer cells in circulatory system during metastasis is crucial, yet our comprehension is constrained by the absence of universally accepted quiescent cancer models.

Method

We developed a quiescent cancer cell model using high-density cultivation. Based on the scRNA-seq analysis, IP-MS, metabolomics, mouse lung metastasis models, cholesterol assay, PLA and other molecular experiments, we explored the molecular mechanism. Immunofluorescence, atomic force microscope, FluidFM, and shear stress stimulation were used to analyze the cytoskeleton and membrane properties contributing to mechanical force resistance.

Result

We established a quiescent cancer cell model induced by high-density cultivation. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis reveals that CDC25A plays a crucial role in the transition to quiescence, with its expression significantly elevated in the quiescent state. Depletion of CDC25A leads to an increased proliferative capacity, and reduced metastasis under high-density conditions. Mechanistically, upregulated CDC25A in quiescent cells enhances cholesterol metabolism via endosome pathways, leading to cell cycle arrest. This increase in cholesterol reinforces the cytoskeleton, alters membrane properties, and improves resistance to mechanical forces in circulatory system.

Conclusion

CDC25A significantly increased the cholesterol metabolism through endosome pathway in quiescent cancer cells, leading to the significant changes in cytoskeleton and membrane properties so as to enhance the resistance of mechanical force in circulatory system, facilitating lung metastasis.
Four Core Genotypes mice harbour a 3.2MB X-Y translocation that perturbs Tlr7 dosage
Authors: Panten Jasper , Del Prete Stefania , Cleland James P. , Saunders Lauren M. , van Riet Job , Schneider Anja , Ginno Paul , Schneider Nina , Koch Marie-Luise , Chen Xuqi , Gerstung Moritz , Stegle Oliver , Arnold Arthur P. , Turner James M. A. , Heard Edith , Odom Duncan T.
Published: October 2024

The Four Core Genotypes (FCG) is a mouse model system used to disentangle the function of sex chromosomes and hormones. We report that a copy of a 3.2 MB region of the X chromosome has translocated to the YSry- chromosome and thus increased the expression of X-linked genes including the single-stranded RNA sensor and autoimmune disease mediator Tlr7. This previously-unreported X-Y translocation complicates the interpretation of studies reliant on C57BL/6J FCG mice.
LRRTM2 controls presynapse nano-organization and AMPA receptor sub-positioning through Neurexin-binding interface
Authors: Liouta Konstantina , Lubas Malgorzata , Venugopal Vasika , Chabbert Julia , Jeannière Caroline , Diaz Candice , Munier Matthieu , Tessier Béatrice , Claverol Stéphane , Favereaux Alexandre , Sainlos Matthieu , de Wit Joris , Letellier Mathieu , Thoumine Olivier , Chamma Ingrid
Published: October 2024

Synapses are organized into nanocolumns that control synaptic transmission efficacy through precise alignment of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors and presynaptic release sites. Recent evidence show that Leucine-Rich Repeat Transmembrane protein LRRTM2, highly enriched and confined at synapses, interacts with Neurexins through its C-terminal cap, but the role of this binding interface has not been explored in synapse formation and function. Here, we develop a conditional knock-out mouse model (cKO) to address the molecular mechanisms of LRRTM2 regulation, and its role in synapse organization and function. We show that LRRTM2 cKO specifically impairs excitatory synapse formation and function in mice. Surface expression, synaptic clustering, and membrane dynamics of LRRTM2 are tightly controlled by selective motifs in the C-terminal domain. Conversely, the N-terminal domain controls presynapse nano-organization and postsynapse AMPAR sub-positioning and stabilization through the recently identified Neurexin-binding interface. Thus, we identify LRRTM2 as a central organizer of pre- and post- excitatory synapse nanostructure through interaction with presynaptic Neurexins.
Modelling human neuronal catecholaminergic pigmentation in rodents recapitulates age-related neurodegenerative deficits
Authors: Laguna Ariadna , Peñuelas Núria , Gonzalez-Sepulveda Marta , Nicolau Alba , Arthaud Sébastien , Guillard-Sirieix Camille , Lorente-Picón Marina , Compte Joan , Miquel-Rio Lluís , Xicoy Helena , Liu Jiong , Parent Annabelle , Cuadros Thais , Romero-Giménez Jordi , Pujol Gemma , Giménez-Llort Lydia , Fort Patrice , Bortolozzi Analia , Carballo-Carbajal Iria , Vila Miquel
Published: October 2024

One key limitation in developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is the lack of models accurately mimicking the complex physiopathology of the human disease. Humans accumulate with age the pigment neuromelanin inside neurons that synthesize catecholamines. Neurons reaching the highest neuromelanin levels preferentially degenerate in Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and apparently healthy aging individuals. However, this brain pigment is not taken into consideration in current animal models because common laboratory species, such as rodents, do not produce neuromelanin. Here we generate a tissue-specific transgenic mouse, termed tgNM, that mimics the human age-dependent brain-wide distribution of neuromelanin within catecholaminergic regions, based on the constitutive catecholamine-specific expression of human melanin-producing enzyme tyrosinase. We show that, in parallel to progressive human-like neuromelanin pigmentation, these animals display age-related neuronal dysfunction and degeneration affecting numerous brain circuits and body tissues, linked to motor and non-motor deficits, reminiscent of early neurodegenerative stages. This model could help explore new research avenues in brain aging and neurodegeneration.
Deuteration removes quantum dipolar defects from KDP crystals
Authors: Yang Bingjia , Xie Pinchen , Car Roberto
Published: October 2024

Dielectric properties of the hydrogen-bonded ferroelectric crystal KH2PO4 (KDP) differ significantly from those of KD2PO4 (DKDP). It is well established that deuteration affects the interplay of hydrogen-bond switches and heavy ion displacements that underlie the emergence of macroscopic polarization, but a detailed microscopic model is missing. We show that all-atom path integral molecular dynamics simulations can predict the isotope effects, revealing the microscopic mechanism that differentiates KDP and DKDP. Proton tunneling generates phosphate configurations that do not contribute to the polarization. At low temperatures, these quantum dipolar defects are substantial in KDP but negligible in DKDP. These intrinsic defects explain why KDP has lower spontaneous polarization and transition entropy than DKDP. The prominent role of quantum fluctuations in KDP is related to the unusual strength of the hydrogen bonds and should be equally important in other crystals of the KDP family, which exhibit similar isotope effects.
A core in a star-forming disc as evidence of inside-out growth in the early Universe
Authors: Baker William M. , Tacchella Sandro , Johnson Benjamin D. , Nelson Erica , Suess Katherine A. , D’Eugenio Francesco , Curti Mirko , de Graaff Anna , Ji Zhiyuan , Maiolino Roberto , Robertson Brant , Scholtz Jan , Alberts Stacey , Arribas Santiago , Boyett Kristan , Bunker Andrew J. , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stephane , Chen Zuyi , Chevallard Jacopo , Curtis-Lake Emma , Danhaive A. Lola , DeCoursey Christa , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Endsley Ryan , Hausen Ryan , Helton Jakob M. , Kumari Nimisha , Looser Tobias J. , Maseda Michael V. , Puskás Dávid , Rieke Marcia , Sandles Lester , Sun Fengwu , Übler Hannah , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Witstok Joris
Published: October 2024

The physical processes that establish the morphological evolution and the structural diversity of galaxies are key unknowns in extragalactic astrophysics. Here we report the finding of the morphologically mature galaxy JADES-GS+53.18343−27.79097, which existed within the first 700 million years of the Universe’s history. This star-forming galaxy with a stellar mass of 400 million solar masses consists of three components: a highly compact core with a half-light radius of less than 100 pc, an actively star-forming disc with a radius of about 400 pc and a star-forming clump, all of which show distinctive star-formation histories. The central stellar mass density of this galaxy is within a factor of 2 of the most massive present-day ellipticals, while being globally 1,000 times less massive. The radial profile of the specific star-formation rate is rising towards the outskirts. This evidence suggests a detection of the inside-out growth of a galaxy as a proto-bulge and a star-forming disc in the epoch of reionization.
An ontology-based text mining dataset for extraction of process-structure-property entities
Authors: Durmaz Ali Riza , Thomas Akhil , Mishra Lokesh , Murthy Rachana Niranjan , Straub Thomas
Published: October 2024

While large language models learn sound statistical representations of the language and information therein, ontologies are symbolic knowledge representations that can complement the former ideally. Research at this critical intersection relies on datasets that intertwine ontologies and text corpora to enable training and comprehensive benchmarking of neurosymbolic models. We present the MaterioMiner dataset and the linked materials mechanics ontology where ontological concepts from the mechanics of materials domain are associated with textual entities within the literature corpus. Another distinctive feature of the dataset is its eminently fine-grained annotation. Specifically, 179 distinct classes are manually annotated by three raters within four publications, amounting to 2191 entities that were annotated and curated. Conceptual work is presented for the symbolic representation of causal composition-process-microstructure-property relationships. We explore the annotation consistency between the three raters and perform fine-tuning of pre-trained language models to showcase the feasibility of training named entity recognition models. Reusing the dataset can foster training and benchmarking of materials language models, automated ontology construction, and knowledge graph generation from textual data.
Towards transforming malaria vector surveillance using VectorBrain: a novel convolutional neural network for mosquito species, sex, and abdomen status identifications
Authors: Li Deming , Hegde Shruti , Sunil Kumar Aravind , Zacharias Atul , Mehta Parthvi , Mukthineni Venkat , Srimath Satwik , Patel Sunny , Suin Maitreya , Chellappa Rama , Acharya Soumyadipta
Published: October 2024

Malaria is a major public health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. Monitoring the local population density and diversity of the vectors transmitting malaria is critical to implementing targeted control strategies. However, the current manual identification of mosquitoes is a time-consuming and intensive task, posing challenges in low-resource areas like sub-Saharan Africa; in addition, existing automated identification methods lack scalability, mobile deployability, and field-test validity. To address these bottlenecks, a mosquito image database with fresh wild-caught specimens using basic smartphones is introduced, and we present a novel CNN-based architecture, VectorBrain, designed for identifying the species, sex, and abdomen status of a mosquito concurrently while being efficient and lightweight in computation and size. Overall, our proposed approach achieves 94.44±2% accuracy with a macro-averaged F1 score of 94.10±2% for the species classification, 97.66±1% accuracy with a macro-averaged F1 score of 96.17±1% for the sex classification, and 82.20±3.1% accuracy with a macro-averaged F1 score of 81.17±3% for the abdominal status classification. VectorBrain running on local mobile devices, paired with a low-cost handheld imaging tool, is promising in transforming the mosquito vector surveillance programs by reducing the burden of expertise required and facilitating timely response based on accurate monitoring.
Ferrimagnetic Tb/Co multilayers patterned by ion bombardment as substrates for magnetophoresis
Authors: Urbaniak Maciej , Kiphart Daniel , Matczak Michał , Stobiecki Feliks , Chaves-O’Flynn Gabriel David , Kuświk Piotr
Published: October 2024

Ion bombardment with 30 keV Ga+ ions can locally change the magnetic properties of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ferrimagnetic Tb/Co based multilayers. The induced changes in the effective magnetization create high gradients of magnetic fields in the proximity of the perimeters of the bombarded areas. Superparamagnetic, micrometer-sized beads floating in an aqueous suspension over such a patterned structure respond to the ensuing magnetostatic energy landscape. This landscape, and its associated forces on the beads, can be controlled with a time varying, external, homogeneous magnetic field. It is shown that with a 3.37 kA/m (approx. 4.2 mT) field and switching the direction at 10 Hz frequencies the beads can be driven with average forward velocities reaching 40 $$\mu$$
μ
m/s. This has the potential for use in lab-on-a-chip type assays.
Low-cost fabrication methods of ZnO nanorods and their physical and photoelectrochemical properties for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Bakry Mabrouk , Ismail Walid , Abdelfatah Mahmoud , El-Shaer Abdelhamid
Published: October 2024

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods have great potential in several applications including gas sensors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells because of their unique properties. Here, three low cost and ecofriendly techniques were used to produce ZnO nanorods on FTO substrates: hydrothermal, chemical bath deposition (CBD), and electrochemical deposition (ECD). This study explores the impact of such methods on the optical, structural, electrical, morphological, and photoelectrochemical properties of nanorods using various measurements. XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanorods in all three methods, with hydrothermal showing a preferred orientation (002) and CBD and ECD samples showing multiple growth directions, with average particle sizes of 31 nm, 34 nm, and 33 nm, respectively. Raman spectra revealed hexagonal Wurtzite structure of ZnO, with hydrothermal method exhibiting higher E2 (high) peak at 438 cm−1 than CBD and ECD methods. SEM results revealed hexagonal ZnO nanorods became more regular and thicker for the hydrothermal method, while CBD and ECD led to less uniform with voids. UV-vis spectra showed absorption lines between 390 nm and 360 nm. Optical bandgap energies were calculated as 3.32 eV, 3.22 eV, and 3.23 eV for hydrothermal, CBD, and ECD samples, respectively. PL spectra revealed UV emission band with a small intensity peak around 389 nm and visible emission peaks at 580 nm. Temperature dependent PL measurements for ZnO nanorods indicated that the intensities ratio between bound exciton and free exciton decreases with temperature increases for the three methods. Photocurrent measurements revealed ZnO nanorod films as n-type semiconductors, with photocurrent values of 2.25 µA, 0.28 µA, and 0.3 µA for hydrothermal, CBD, and ECD samples, and photosensitivity values of 8.01, 2.79, and 3.56 respectively. Our results suggest that the hydrothermal method is the most effective approach for fabricating high-quality ZnO nanorods for optoelectronic applications.
Plasma bioactive adrenomedullin predicts mortality and need for dialysis in critical COVID-19
Authors: Johnsson Patrik , Sievert Theodor , Didriksson Ingrid , Friberg Hans , Frigyesi Attila
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 is a severe respiratory disease affecting millions worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) is a vasoactive hormone regulating the endothelial barrier and has been associated with COVID-19 mortality and other adverse events. This prospective cohort pilot study included 119 consecutive patients with verified SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to two intensive care units (ICUs) in Southern Sweden. Bio-ADM was retrospectively analysed from plasma on ICU admission, and days 2 and 7. Information on comorbidities, adverse events and mortality was collected. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, and secondary outcomes were markers of disease severity. The association between bio-ADM and outcomes was analysed using survival analysis and logistic regression. Bio-ADM on admission, day 2, and day 7 only moderately predicted 90-day mortality in univariate and multivariate Cox regression. The relative change in bio-ADM between sample times predicted 90-day mortality better even when adjusting for the SAPS3 score, with an HR of 1.09 (95% CI 1.04–1.15) and a C-index of 0.82 (95% CI 0.72–0.92) for relative change between day 2 and day 7. Bio-ADM had a good prediction of the need for renal replacement therapy in multivariate Cox regression adjusting for creatinine, where day 2 bio-ADM had an HR of 3.18 (95% CI 1.21–8.36) and C-index of 0.91 (95% CI 0.87–0.96). Relative changes did not perform better, possibly due to a small sample size. Admission and day 2 bio-ADM was associated with early acute kidney injury (AKI). Bio-ADM on ICU admission, day 2 and day 7 predicted 90-day mortality and dialysis needs, highlighting bio-ADM’s importance in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Bio-ADM could be used to triage patients with a risk of adverse outcomes and as a potential target for clinical interventions.
Enhancing physicochemical properties of papaya through osmotic dehydration with various natural sweeteners
Authors: Kaur Damanpreet , Singh Manpreet , Zalpouri Ruchika , Kaur Preetinder , Gill Raminder Singh
Published: October 2024

Osmotic processes play a crucial role in developing high-quality intermediate moisture food products. This study investigates the role of osmotic dehydration focusing on using natural sweeteners to reduce health risks from refined sugar. Jaggery and honey were used for osmosis of papaya cubes, with a Box-Behnken design to determine optimal conditions: osmosis temperature (30, 40, 50 °C), osmotic solution concentration (40, 50, 60°Brix), and osmosis time (3, 4, 5 h). Simultaneous optimization of these parameters considered responses such as water loss, solid gain, weight reduction, colour change, ascorbic acid content, lycopene content, and phenolic content. The optimized conditions were identified as 49.46 °C, 40°Brix, and 5 h for jaggery osmosed samples and 39.64 °C, 60°Brix, and 4.92 h for honey osmosed samples. Drying the osmosed samples using advanced domestic solar dryer revealed superior quality (total phenolic content and lycopene content) in jaggery osmosed papaya compared to honey osmosed papaya. The study suggests that introducing a new osmotic agent, jaggery, can enhance the nutritional value of osmosed papaya cubes.
Impact of polyethylene microplastics exposure on kallikrein-3 levels, steroidal-thyroidal hormones, and antioxidant status in murine model: protective potentials of naringin
Authors: Kehinde Samuel Abiodun , Fatokun Tolulope Peter , Olajide Abosede Temitope , Praveena Sarva Mangala , Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen , Adekunle Adegbola Philip , Fouad Dalia , Papadakis Marios
Published: October 2024

The widespread presence of microplastics in the environment has raised significant concerns regarding their potential impact on human and animal health. Among various microplastic types, polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) are particularly prevalent due to the extensive use in packaging and consumer products. Exploring the uncharted therapeutic potentials of naringin, this study delves into its mitigating effects on disruptions in kallikrein-3 levels, steroidal-thyroidal hormone balance, and antioxidant defense triggered by PE-MPs exposure, paving the way for novel interventions in environmental toxin-induced endocrine and oxidative stress disorders. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly grouped into four: Control, PE-MPs (1.5 mg/kg), PE-MPs + NAR (1.5 mg/kg PE-MPs + 100 mg/kg NAR), and NAR (100 mg/kg). Hormonal and antioxidant parameters were assessed after 28 days of exposure. PE-MPs exposure caused a significant increase(p < 0.005) in the level of kallikrein-3 (KLK-3) while it significantly reduces the levels of testosterone (TST), luteinizing hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and Free-triiodothyronine (fT3) and Total cholesterol (TChol) concentration. PE-MPs exposure also disrupted significantly (p < 0.005) antioxidant profile by down-regulating the activities of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing levels of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) while concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased relative to control. However, the mitigating potentials of naringin on disruptions in hormonal and antioxidant profiles caused by PE-MPs exposure were demonstrated, as NAR normalized KLK-3, steroid, and thyroid hormone levels, cholesterol concentration, and enhanced antioxidant defense. This suggests that NAR is a promising protective agent against endocrine and oxidative damage induced by environmental contaminants such as microplastics.
Brain hypoxia and metabolic crisis are common in patients with acute brain injury despite a normal intracranial pressure
Authors: Lund Anton , Madsen Anna Forsberg , Capion Tenna , Jensen Helene Ravnholt , Forsse Axel , Hauerberg John , Sigurðsson Sigurður Þor , Mathiesen Tiit Illimar , Møller Kirsten , Olsen Markus Harboe
Published: October 2024

Patients with acute brain injury are vulnerable to secondary deterioration, which may go undetected by traditional monitoring. However, multimodal neuromonitoring of brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) and energy metabolism may be able to detect such episodes. We report a retrospective, observational study of 94 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) who underwent multimodal neuromonitoring during admission. We examined the co-occurrence of pathological neuromonitoring values: elevated intracranial pressure (ICP, > 20 mmHg), inadequate cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, < 60 mmHg), brain hypoxia (PbtO2 < 20 mmHg), and metabolic crisis (lactate/pyruvate ratio > 40 and a glucose level < 0.2 mmol/L in cerebral microdialysate). Mixed effects linear regression demonstrated significant associations between abnormal ICP/CPP, cerebral hypoxia and metabolic crisis. However, brain hypoxia occurred in 40% and 31% of observations in patients with SAH and TBI, respectively, despite normal concurrent values of ICP. Similarly, metabolic crisis was observed in 8% and 16% of measurements for SAH and TBI, respectively, despite a normal ICP. The pattern was identical for CPP. In conclusion, although all neuromonitoring variables are interrelated, brain hypoxia and metabolic crisis are common despite an absence of abnormalities in conventional monitoring. Multimodal neuromonitoring may help identify such episodes and guide individualised treatment.
EEG synchronization patterns during a Go/No-Go task in individuals with aphasia in subacute and chronic phases of stroke
Authors: Rogala Jacek , Choinski Mateusz , Szymaszek Aneta
Published: October 2024

Stroke and subsequent neuroregenerative processes cause changes in neural organization of attentional functions. In this study, we attempted to identify differences in neural synchronization patterns during a visual Go/No-Go task in people with post-stroke aphasia in both subacute and chronic stroke phases. To identify neuronal underpinnings of the behavioral differences we investigated pairwise connectivity patterns using corrected imaginary phase locking value and graph-theoretic measures (efficiency, modularity and clustering coefficient) at global and local level in subacute (n = 13) and chronic stroke phases (n = 14) during a Go/No-Go task. We observed significantly lower phase synchronization in the Subacute Group in the alpha band in the connections spanning frontal and central areas of both hemispheres alongside lower local efficiency and clustering coefficient in the left frontal region. Additionally, we observed higher modularity in the beta band in the unaffected right parietal region in the Subacute Group which may denote inhibition of motor and attention functions. Those mechanisms could serve to align cognitive abilities between the damaged and healthy hemispheres, harmonizing the activity of the neuronal networks of both hemispheres disrupted by the effects of the stroke. Our findings have potential implications for rehabilitation therapies, which should take into account the pattern of connectivity changes during different phases of reovery.
Differential gut microbiota composition in β-Thalassemia patients and its correlation with iron overload
Authors: Nonejuie Poochit , Wilantho Alisa , McDonald Daniel , Htoo Htut Htut , Chalerm Jenjira , Tripathi Anupriya , Ngamphiw Chumpol , Tongsima Sissades , Knight Rob , Paiboonsukwong Kittiphong , Fucharoen Suthat
Published: October 2024

Recent research highlights the significant impact of the gut microbiota on health and disease. Thalassemia, a hereditary blood disorder, requires regular blood transfusions, leading to an accumulation of iron in the body. Such changes could potentially alter the intestinal microbiota, thereby increasing the susceptibility of thalassemic patients to infection. In this study, we analyzed the fecal microbiota of 70 non-transfusion-dependent (NTDT) β-thalassemia/HbE patients and 30 healthy controls. Our findings indicate that iron chelation intervention had no detectable effect on the microbiome profile of thalassemic patients. However, the cross-sectional analysis revealed that the bacterial diversity and community structure in patients were significantly less diverse and distinct compared to those of healthy subjects. Using reference frames, we were also able to demonstrate that bacterial taxa that are known to produce short chain fatty acids, from the genera Alistipes, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira, and those from the family Ruminococcaceae, were less prevalent in the patients. In contrast, bacterial taxa associated with an unhealthy gut, including the genus Clostridium and those from the families Fusobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Peptostrptococcaceae, were more prevalent in patients and found to be correlated with higher levels of ferritin. Collectively, these changes in the microbiota could be regarded as markers of raised ferritin levels, and therefore, awareness should be exercised as they could interfere, albeit indirectly, with the treatment of the co-morbidities of thalassemia.
Unraveling the influence of defects in Janus MoSSe and Janus alloys MoS2(1−x)Se2x
Authors: Schmeink Jennifer , Osterfeld Jens , Kharsah Osamah , Sleziona Stephan , Schleberger Marika
Published: October 2024

We investigate the effect of structural and substitutional defects in Janus MoSSe and the Janus alloys MoS2(1−x)Se2x by a comprehensive analysis. Distinct Raman signatures are associated with various defect types and densities, mirroring the evolution from MoSe2 to Janus alloys to ideal Janus MoSSe. By the corresponding stoichiometrical and structural changes, the band gap can be tuned from 1.50 eV up to 1.68 eV at room temperature. Electrical characterization in a field effect device uncovers the impact of defects on conductivity, mobility (up to 2.42 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1), and threshold voltages. A decrease of n-type doping of 5.3 × 1011 cm−2 in Janus MoSSe compared to the Janus alloy points towards an increased work function and a reduction of defects. Our findings deepen the understanding of defect physics in 2D Janus materials and pave the way for tailored defect engineering strategies for advanced (opto-)electronic applications.
Foraging distance distributions reveal how honeybee waggle dance recruitment varies with landscape
Authors: Palmer Joseph , Samuelson Ash E. , Gill Richard J. , Leadbeater Ellouise , Jansen Vincent A. A.
Published: October 2024

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies use a unique collective foraging system, the waggle dance, to communicate and process the location of resources. Here, we present a means to quantify the effect of recruitment on colony forager allocation across the landscape by simply observing the waggle dance on the dancefloor. We show first, through a theoretical model, that recruitment leaves a characteristic imprint on the distance distribution of foraging sites that a colony visits, which varies according to the proportion of trips driven by individual search. Next, we fit this model to the real-world empirical distance distribution of forage sites visited by 20 honeybee colonies in urban and rural landscapes across South East England, obtained via dance decoding. We show that there is considerable variation in the use of dancing information in colony foraging, particularly in agri-rural landscapes. In our dataset, reliance on dancing increases as arable land gives way to built-up areas, suggesting that dancing may have the greatest impact on colony foraging in the complex and heterogeneous landscapes of forage-rich urban areas. Our model provides a tool to assess the relevance of this extraordinary behaviour across modern anthropogenic landscape types.
The neuroendocrine transition in prostate cancer is dynamic and dependent on ASCL1
Authors: Romero Rodrigo , Chu Tinyi , González Robles Tania J. , Smith Perianne , Xie Yubin , Kaur Harmanpreet , Yoder Sara , Zhao Huiyong , Mao Chenyi , Kang Wenfei , Pulina Maria V. , Lawrence Kayla E. , Gopalan Anuradha , Zaidi Samir , Yoo Kwangmin , Choi Jungmin , Fan Ning , Gerstner Olivia , Karthaus Wouter R. , DeStanchina Elisa , Ruggles Kelly V. , Westcott Peter M. K. , Chaligné Ronan , Pe’er Dana , Sawyers Charles L.
Published: October 2024

Lineage plasticity is a hallmark of cancer progression that impacts therapy outcomes, yet the mechanisms mediating this process remain unclear. Here, we introduce a versatile in vivo platform to interrogate neuroendocrine lineage transformation throughout prostate cancer progression. Transplanted mouse prostate organoids with human-relevant driver mutations (Rb1−/−; Trp53−/−; cMyc+ or Pten−/−; Trp53−/−; cMyc+) develop adenocarcinomas, but only those with Rb1 deletion advance to aggressive, ASCL1+ neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) resistant to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Notably, this transition requires an in vivo microenvironment not replicated by conventional organoid culture. Using multiplexed immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics, we reveal that ASCL1+ cells arise from KRT8+ luminal cells, progressing into transcriptionally heterogeneous ASCL1+;KRT8− NEPC. Ascl1 loss in established NEPC causes transient regression followed by recurrence, but its deletion before transplantation abrogates lineage plasticity, resulting in castration-sensitive adenocarcinomas. This dynamic model highlights the importance of therapy timing and offers a platform to identify additional lineage plasticity drivers.
Infrastructure, regulation and the experiences of delivery cyclists in Australian cities
Authors: Thorpe Amelia , Johnson Marilyn , Hercus Courtney , Rudge Thomas , Boufous Soufiane , Chong Derek
Published: October 2024

On-demand delivery has changed the way cities move. Accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, bicycles are the leading mode meeting growing consumer demand, particularly for food. In Australia, this has generated considerable attention, but the voice of riders is missing. Using grounded theory to reveal rider perspectives, we combined interviews (n = 52), a naturalistic study (104 hours) and roadside video observations (216 hours) to provide the first comprehensive picture of the experiences of delivery cyclists (including parcel couriers and food delivery cyclists working in both ‘gig’ and salaried roles) in Sydney and Melbourne. Concerns about safety for food delivery cyclists have prompted some to boycott the industry, yet our research shows that there is much to celebrate. Here we report what riders say are the greatest risks to their safety and how they would like these to be addressed. The changes that riders want most relate to the built environment, particularly connected, separated infrastructure and regulation for better sharing of street space. In some cases, riders are already finding ways to enact this change.
Modeling of mRNA deadenylation rates reveal a complex relationship between mRNA deadenylation and decay
Authors: Czarnocka-Cieciura Agnieszka , Poznański Jarosław , Turtola Matti , Tomecki Rafał , Krawczyk Paweł S , Mroczek Seweryn , Orzeł Wiktoria , Saha Upasana , Jensen Torben Heick , Dziembowski Andrzej , Tudek Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Complete cytoplasmic polyadenosine tail (polyA-tail) deadenylation is thought to be essential for initiating mRNA decapping and subsequent degradation. To investigate this prevalent model, we conducted direct RNA sequencing of S. cerevisiae mRNAs derived from chase experiments under steady-state and stress condition. Subsequently, we developed a numerical model based on a modified gamma distribution function, which estimated the transcriptomic deadenylation rate at 10 A/min. A simplified independent method, based on the delineation of quantile polyA-tail values, showed a correlation between the decay and deadenylation rates of individual mRNAs, which appeared consistent within functional transcript groups and associated with codon optimality. Notably, these rates varied during the stress response. Detailed analysis of ribosomal protein-coding mRNAs (RPG mRNAs), constituting 40% of the transcriptome, singled out this transcript group. While deadenylation and decay of RPG mRNAs accelerated under heat stress, their degradation could proceed even when deadenylation was blocked, depending entirely on ongoing nuclear export. Our findings support the general primary function of deadenylation in dictating the onset of decapping, while also demonstrating complex relations between these processes.
m6A modification of mutant huntingtin RNA promotes the biogenesis of pathogenic huntingtin transcripts
Authors: Pupak Anika , Rodríguez-Navarro Irene , Sathasivam Kirupa , Singh Ankita , Essmann Amelie , del Toro Daniel , Ginés Silvia , Mouro Pinto Ricardo , Bates Gillian P , Vang Ørom Ulf Andersson , Martí Eulàlia , Brito Verónica
Published: October 2024

In Huntington’s disease (HD), aberrant processing of huntingtin (HTT) mRNA produces HTT1a transcripts that encode the pathogenic HTT exon 1 protein. The mechanisms behind HTT1a production are not fully understood. Considering the role of m6A in RNA processing and splicing, we investigated its involvement in HTT1a generation. Here, we show that m6A methylation is increased before the cryptic poly(A) sites (IpA1 and IpA2) within the huntingtin RNA in the striatum of Hdh+/Q111 mice and human HD samples. We further assessed m6A’s role in mutant Htt mRNA processing by pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of METTL3, as well as targeted demethylation of Htt intron 1 using a dCas13-ALKBH5 system in HD mouse cells. Our data reveal that Htt1a transcript levels are regulated by both METTL3 and the methylation status of Htt intron 1. They also show that m6A methylation in intron 1 depends on expanded CAG repeats. Our findings highlight a potential role for m6A in aberrant splicing of Htt mRNA.
A numerical platform for predicting the performance of paper-based analytical devices
Authors: Yan Lawrence K. Q. , Tam Sze Kee , Ng Ka Ming
Published: October 2024

This article presents a numerical platform for predicting the performance of paper-based analytical devices.
An indolium ion-based colorimetric sensor for naked-eye detection of cyanide and ammonia: on-site detection technique for cyanide in natural sources and day-to-day monitoring of food spoilage
Authors: Borah Jhorna , Chetry Arati , Kakoti Arobinda , Khakhlary Prithiviraj
Published: October 2024

A cost-effective probe for on-site detection of cyanide in natural sources and day-to-day monitoring of food spoilage.
Exosomes derived from mucoperiosteum Krt14+Ctsk+ cells promote bone regeneration by coupling enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis
Authors: Zhou Rong , Huang Rui , Xu Yue , Zhang Dandan , Gu Li , Su Yun , Chen Xirui , Shi Wodong , Sun Jing , Gu Ping , Ni Ni , Bi Xiaoping
Published: October 2024

Krt14+Ctsk+ cells were isolated from human mucoperiosteum and purified. The exosomes isolated from Krt14+Ctsk+ cells were encapsulated with hydrogels. This exosome-incorporated hydrogel promoted both angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
Magnetic nanoparticle-facilitated rapid mass production of high affinity polymeric materials (nanoMIPs) for protein recognition and biosensing
Authors: Reddy Subrayal M. , Stephen Andrei N. , Holden Mark A. , Stockburn William J. , Dennison Sarah R.
Published: October 2024

Protein modified magnetic nanoparticles recycled to produce high affinity smart polymers (nanoMIPs) at high yields (up to 50 mg day−1 in a 1 mL reactor). A step change towards commercial viability and uptake by industry of these antibody alternatives.
Papain functionalized Prussian blue nanozyme colloids of triple enzymatic function
Authors: Voros Attila , Halmagyi Tibor G. , Saringer Szilard , Hornok Viktoria , Szilagyi Istvan
Published: October 2024

A hybrid nanozyme fabricated by surface engineering of Prussian blue nanocubes with papain enzyme exhibits both antioxidant and hydrolytic functions.
Spin labels for 19F ENDOR distance determination: resolution, sensitivity and distance predictability
Authors: Bogdanov Alexey , Gao Longfei , Dalaloyan Arina , Zhu Wenkai , Seal Manas , Su Xun-Cheng , Frydman Veronica , Liu Yangping , Gronenborn Angela M. , Goldfarb Daniella
Published: October 2024

Comparative study of the performance of different spin labels for 19F electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) for short-range (1.0–1.5 nm) distance measurement in proteins.
Electrostatic embedding machine learning for ground and excited state molecular dynamics of solvated molecules
Authors: Mazzeo Patrizia , Cignoni Edoardo , Arcidiacono Amanda , Cupellini Lorenzo , Mennucci Benedetta
Published: October 2024

We propose a strategy to perform electrostatic embedding machine learning (ML)/molecular mechanics (MM) molecular dynamics simulations.
Construction of oxygen-rich vacancies and heterojunctions coupled with different morphologies of CeO2/mesoporous TiO2 framework structures for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance
Authors: Liu Morigejile , Jiang Guangmei , Zhao Zaiwang , Shi Ying , Zhao Siqin
Published: October 2024

Construction of oxygen-rich vacancies and heterojunction-coupled CeO2/mesoporous TiO2 framework structures with different morphologies and efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance.
Conductance fluctuations in cobalt valence tautomer molecular thin films
Authors: Phillips Jared P. , Yazdani Saeed , Soruco Joseph , Oles Jackson , Ekanyaka Thilini K. , Mishra Esha , Wang Ping , Zaid Zaz M. , Liu Jing , N'Diaye Alpha T. , Shatruk Michael , Dowben Peter A. , Cheng Ruihua
Published: October 2024

The bistability and the conductivity changes associated with optical excitations in cobalt valence tautomer molecular thin films were investigated.
Dual phosphorescent emissions from conformers of iridium complex rotors
Authors: Hsu Yu-Ting , Bhagani Chandni , Aguilar Juan A. , Fox Mark A. , Yufit Dmitry , Davidson Ross J. , Beeby Andrew
Published: October 2024

Variable temperature NMR and emission measurements on chiral luminescent molecular rotors, Ir(ppy)2(py-R)Cl, show that rotational conformations impact the emission behaviour of the iridium complexes.
Fluorescent molecular systems based on carborane-perylenediimide conjugates
Authors: Rodriguez-Madrid Ruben , Sinha Sohini , Parejo Laura , Hernando Jordi , Núñez Rosario
Published: October 2024

o-Carborane–perylenediimide conjugates exhibit exceptional fluorescence properties in solution, while red-light excimer emission is observed in their aggregated forms and in dispersible nanoparticles.
An aniline-bridged bis(pyrazolyl)alkane ligand for dizinc-catalysed ring-opening polymerization
Authors: Naik Pratyush K. , Gu Zipeng , Comito Robert J.
Published: October 2024

We report the first binucleating aniline ligand (1), and compare its dizinc complexes to analogous phenolate complexes both structurally and in ring-opening polymerizaion catalysis.
An octave box inspired energy regularization triboelectric nanogenerator for highly efficient wave energy harvesting
Authors: Ren Yuanchao , Wang Zizhuo , Chen Jie , Wu Fei , Guo Hengyu
Published: October 2024

Inspired by the mechanical transmission structure of octave boxes, this work proposes a novel energy regularization triboelectric nanogenerator to effectively convert chaotic wave energy into stable electric output.
Effects of weathering and simulated gastric fluid exposure on cellular responses to polystyrene particles
Authors: Gong Liyuan , Pan Animesh , Matsuo Takeshi , Kanniyappan Hemalatha , Andreu Irene , Rothman Alan , Bothun Geoffrey D. , Mathew Mathew , Lin Yang
Published: October 2024

Micro and nanoplastics pose a growing environmental threat with complex implications for human health.
The intersection of nanotechnology and urban agriculture: applications of carbon dots
Authors: Zhang Hanfeng , Wang Yue , Zheng Tiantian , Li Ting , Gao Rui , Liu Wenzhe , Chi Qing
Published: October 2024

Amidst the ongoing urbanization process, the significance of urban agriculture has garnered increasing attention.
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 207-27 alters the microbiota–gut–brain axis to improve wearable device-measured sleep duration in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Li Jinxing , Zhao Jincheng , Ze Xiaolei , Li Liang , Li Yapeng , Zhou Zhimo , Wu Simou , Jia Wen , Liu Meixun , Li Yun , Shen Xi , He Fang , Cheng Ruyue
Published: October 2024

Probiotics have been reported to exert beneficial effects on sleep through the gut–brain axis.
Biomass-derived polyol esters as sustainable phase change materials for renewable energy storage
Authors: Gwóźdź Magdalena , Markiewicz Marta , Stolte Stefan , Chrobok Anna , Turner David R. , Matuszek Karolina , Brzęczek-Szafran Alina
Published: October 2024

Innovative thermal battery technology has the capability to revolutionize the renewable energy storage market.
The structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of the designed p-benzoquinone based dicationic ionic liquids: insight from DFT–GD3 and QTAIM
Authors: Roohi Hossein , Habibipour Sajedeh , Ghauri Khatereh
Published: October 2024

In this work, physicochemical properties of the dicationic ionic liquids [BTAD][A1–8]2 ([BTAD]2+ = [p-C6O2(N3H2)2]2+ and A1–8 = [CH3CO2]−, [CF3CO2]−, [N(CN)2]−, [CF3SO3]−, [ClO4]−, [BF4]−, [NTf2]− and [PF6]−) were theoretically investigated.
Crucial role of structural design on performance of cryogel-based EMI shields: an experimental review
Authors: Rostami Sara , Ghaffarkhah Ahmadreza , Hashemi Seyyed Alireza , Wuttke Stefan , Rojas Orlando J. , Arjmand Mohammad
Published: October 2024

An experimental review of the shielding performance of graphene-based cryogels fabricated through distinct methods, with a specific focus on structural design.
Tb3+–Yb3+ doped glass ceramics containing NaBi(MoO4)2: preparation and upconversion luminescence
Authors: Song Qiong , Huo Honghong , Zhu Xiaowei , Su Chunhui , Zhang Hongbo
Published: October 2024

A series of Tb3+–Yb3+co-doped transparent glass ceramics (GCs) containing NaBi(MoO4)2 were synthesized.
Modulating the photodynamic modality of Au22 nanoclusters through surface conjugation of arginine for promoted healing of bacteria-infected wounds
Authors: Dou Xinyue , Saalah Sariah , Chiam Chel-Ken , Xie Jianping , Sipaut Coswald Stephen
Published: October 2024

An Au nanocluster (NC)-based photodynamic antibacterial is designed by conjugating arginine on the surface of Au22 NCs, achieving healing of bacteria-infected wounds via producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).