bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSIALISASI MENIKAH DINI DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI WANITA DI DESA BALA KABUPATEN BIMA, NTB
Authors: Hajaroh Siti
Published: May 2023

ABSTRAK

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada para remaja mengenai bagaimana pandangan islam tentang menikah dini dan dampak menikah dini terhadap kesehatan reproduksi wanita. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian dilakukan melalui 3 tahapan antara lain; observasi, koordinasi dan pelaksanaan atau sosialisasi. diadakan pada tanggal 9 Juli 2021 di Masjid Al-Huda Dusun Nggeru-Desa Rada Kecamatan Bolo Kabupaten Bima yang dihadiri oleh para pemuda pemudi serta Ibu-ibu, Ketua RT, dan Pengurus Masjid Dusun Nggeru Desa Rada. Kegiatan ini berjalan dengan baik dan mendapatkan respon yang baik oleh warga setempat. Kedepan diharapkan oleh warga akan diadakan kegiatan yang sama dengan harapan dapat merubah pola piker anak muda desa Bolo Kabupaten Bima.
Asistensi Pelaporan Spt Pph Orang Pribadi Melalui E-Filling Atau E-Form
Authors: Adi Hermawansyah  , Erlin Setyaningsih  , Nuorma Wahyuni  , Surmiati  , Hasrullah  , Aditya  Pratama  , Dila Seltika Canta
Published: May 2023

SPT Tahunan adalah surat yang digunakan untuk melaporkan penghitungan dan pembayaran pajak .SPT ini berfungsi sebagai sarana bagi masyarakat  yang sudah memiliki NPWP untuk melaporkan dan mempertanggungjawabkan perhitungan jumlah pajak selama setahun terakhir.Wajib Pajak (WP) diwajibkan melaporkan SPT karena amanah dari Undang-Undang Ketentuan Umum dan Tata Cara Perpajakan (UU KUP) yang menyebutkan bahwa setiap WP diwajibkan mengisi SPT dengan benar, lengkap, dan jelas serta ditandatangani dan disampaikan ke kantor Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. Penyampaian SPT saat ini dapat dilakukan secara elektronik melalui e-filing.   E filing adalah suatu cara penyampaian Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) secara elektronik yang dilakukan secara online dan real time melalui internet pada website DJP atau Klikpajak sebagai PJAP yang ditunjuk Direktur Jenderal Pajak. Ketentuan mengenai eFiling diatur dalam Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Pajak Nomor PER-03/PJ/2015. Antusias asyarakat yang ingin menunaikan kewajiban mereka untuk mengurus perpajakan. Diberlakukannya eFiling merupakan suatu transformasi terhadap sistem administrasi perpajakan di Indonesia. Jika sebelumnya proses pelaporan pajak dilakukan dengan cara Wajib Pajak harus selalu datang ke KPP, kini wajib pajak tidak perlu lagi datang langsung ke KPP. Oleh karena itu Tim pengabdian masyarakat dari STMIK Borneo Internasional bermaksud untuk melaksanakan kegiatan Asistensi Pelaporan SPT PPH Orang Pribadi merupakan bagian kerjasama serta STMIK Borneo Internasional merupakan mitra relawan pajak
Protecting the planet and sustainable development
Authors: Kahn Laura H.
Published: May 2023

The United Nations has made a commitment for sustainable development. An important component of this is a healthy environment. But what exactly is a healthy environment? Environmental health specialists typically focus on occupational exposures in workers; the field mainly addresses the abiotic (i.e. non-living) aspects of environments. Ecosystem health addresses biotic (i.e. living) aspects of environments. Merging these two realms is essential for sustainable development but will be challenging because the fields are so different. The United Nations, individual countries, and schools of public health could do much to help merge these realms by implementing environmental/ecosystem health into their missions and curriculums.
Complete Issue
Authors: Laaser Ulrich
Published: May 2023

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Introduction of the European Union case definitions to primary care physicians has improved the quality of communicable diseases notification in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Rusnak Martin , Duric Predrag , Jakubcova Denisa , Rusnakovarusnakm@truni.sk Viera , Obradovic-Balihodzic Amina
Published: May 2023

Aim: The Public Health Reform II project was implemented in Bosnia and Herzegovina from December 2011 to December 2013 and was funded by the European Union Aid schema. The principal aim of the project was to strengthen public health services in the country through improved control of public health threats. Workshops for primary care physicians were provided to improve the situation and increase communicable diseases notification rates in eight selected primary care centres. They were followed with visits from the project’s implementing team to verify the effects of trainings.
Methods: The quality of notifications from physicians in Tuzla region was compared before and after the workshop. The timeliness was used as an indicator of quality. Medians of timeliness before and after the training were compared by use of Wilcoxon test, whereas the averages of timeliness were compared by use of the t-test.
Results: There were 980 reported cases, 80% before the training and 20% after the training. A lower median of timeliness for all the reported cases after the training was statistically significant compared to the median value before the training. A similar picture was revealed for specific diseases i.e. tuberculosis and enteritis, not so for scarlet fever and scabies.
Conclusion: The significant reduction in time response between the first symptoms and disease diagnosis indicates the positive impact of the training program in Tuzla. Hence, primary care physicians provided better quality of reported data after the training course.
Evaluation of an implementation strategy for a World Health Organization (WHO) public health report: The implementation of the International Perspectives on Spinal Cord Injury (IPSCI) in Romania
Authors: Groote Per M. von , Skempes Dimitrios , E. Bickenbach Jerome
Published: May 2023

Aim: This paper aims to evaluate a strategy for the implementation of public health policy recommendations from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) report “International Perspectives on Spinal Cord Injury” in Romania. More specifically, it seeks to: a) evaluate implementation actions with a focus on a number of people reached and status of completion at 12 months follow-up; b) describe implementation activities undertaken in the course of one year, and; c) evaluate perceived barriers and facilitators of implementation at 12 months follow-up.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted with two surveys administered in 2014/15 among key implementers in Romania. The questionnaires contained open-ended, multiple choice and 5-point Likert scale questions. Results on the implementation status, implementation activities performed and self-reported barriers and facilitators were analysed and reported using descriptive statistics.
Results: Implementation completion rate was 75%, with 4390 persons directly or indirectly benefiting from the implementation-related activities listed in the final implementation plan reporting. A broad range of implementation experiences was reported. Most common activity types were delivery of services, technical trainings, implementation coordination and development meetings. Most useful tools and processes were the Romanian language version summary of the report, educational meetings, and local consensuses processes. Reported outcomes included the direct output produced, evidence of services provided, and individual or organizational level impact. Most barriers were named for the policymakers and academia as stakeholder groups and most facilitating influences for the private sector, with dependence of policymakers on constituency interest scoring highest barrier and the general availability of European Commission and European Structural Funds highest facilitator.
Conclusion: The surveys proved to be both feasible and useful tools to expand our understanding of implementation and to supplement the more standard used implementation strategies at country level.
The Dutch long-term care reform: Moral conflicts in executing the Social Support Act 2015
Authors: Jongen Wesley , Schröder-Bäck Peter , Schols Jos MGA
Published: May 2023

On 1 January 2015, a new long-term care reform entered into force in the Netherlands, entailing amongst others a decentralization of long-term care responsibilities from the national government to the municipalities by means of a new law: the Social Support Act 2015. Given the often disputed nature of the reform, being characterized on the one hand by severe budget cuts and on the other hand by a normative reorientation towards a participation society, this article examines to what extent municipalities in the Netherlands take (potential) moral conflicts into account in their execution of the Social Support Act 2015. In doing so, the article applies a ‘coherentist’ approach (consisting of both rights-based and consequentialist strands of ethical reasoning), thereby putting six ethical principles at the core (non-maleficence & beneficence, social beneficence, respect for autonomy, social justice, efficiency and proportionality). It is argued that while municipalities are indeed aware of (potential) moral conflicts, the nature of the new law itself leaves insufficient room for municipalities to act in a sufficiently proactive and supportive/empowering manner on these challenges.
From their own words: An explorative qualitative study on the experience of combatants disabled in the Liberian civil war,1989-2003
Authors: P. Taylor Aloysius
Published: May 2023

Aim:To explore the experience of fighters disabled during the Liberian civil war; what they did and what was done to them; and what happened after their demobilization.
Methods:Six focus group discussions were organized in Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, with 50 invalid veterans aged 10 to 25 at their entrance into the war and eightwomen wounded, although civilians, sampled as in convenience. In addition,sevenkey-informant interviews took place. All encounters were agreeably taped, transcribed and summarized under the items of the discussion guide.
Results:Most ex-combatants joined the fighting to protect themselves and their families who were targeted by rebel fighters or joined to revenge the killing of close family members by fighters from all sides including government soldiers. Nearly all the former fighters interviewed expressed their desire to be trained in various areas of life skills. A vast majority of the ex-combatants are living from begging in the streets.Those from factions feel that government cares for former regular soldiers and discriminates those from other warring factions. The lack of housing for ex-combatants with war related infirmities is of paramount concern to them. They feel that the post-war reintegration program did not achieve its objectives. In the communities, they are stigmatized, blamed as the ones who brought suffering to their own people. The key informants are calling for establishment of trust fund for survivors of the civil war who are disabled.
Recommendations: Establishment of a trust fund for survivors of the civil war who are disabled; reform of the National Bureau of Veteran Affairs to include the disabled ex-combatants of all former warring factions; erection as planned of the proposed Veterans Hospital; a national census of disabled ex-combatants and war victims.
Toward holistic governance in an interdependent world
Authors: Lueddeke George R.
Published: May 2023

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Global health in transition: The coming of neoliberalism
Authors: Marstein Egil , Babich Suzanne M.
Published: May 2023

Global health as a transnational, intergovernmental, value-based initiative led by the World Health Organization (WHO), working toward improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide, has for years yielded to a growing reliance on corporate-led solutions. Private organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGO), religious and other philanthropic and charitable organizations, increasingly serve a dominant role in setting the global health agenda. Short-term success in combating epidemics and in the provision of funding for project-based initiatives appeals to supporters of marketization of health services. For 30 years, a neoliberal paradigm has dominated the international political economy and hence the governance of global health. A utilitarian logic or the ethics of consequentialism have attained prominence under such banners as effective altruism or venture philanthropy.  This contrasts with the merits and relevance of deontological ethics in which rules and moral duty are central. This paper seeks to explain how neo-liberalism became a governing precept and paradigm for global health governance. A priority is to unmask terms and precepts serving as ethos or moral character for corporate actions that benefit vested stakeholders.
Does health sector aid matter? Evidence from time-series data analysis in Ethiopia
Authors: Gutema Keneni , Mariam Damen Haile
Published: May 2023

Aims: Development assistance for health is an important part of financing health care in developing countries. In spite of the increasing volumes in absolute terms in development assistance for health, there are controversies on their effect on health outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of development assistance for health on health status in Ethiopia.
Methods: Using dynamic time series analytic approach for the period 1978-2013, this paper examines whether development assistance for health has contributed for health status change in Ethiopia. While life expectancy at birth was used as a measure of health status, vector error correction model was used for the analysis.
Results: Development assistance for health expenditure (lagged one and two years) had a significant positive effect on life expectancy at birth in Ethiopia. Other things being equal, a 1% increase in per capita development assistance for health leads to 0.026 years improvement in life expectancy at birth (P<0.001) in the immediate year following the period of assistance, and 0.008 years (P=0.025) in the immediate two years following the provision of assistance.
Conclusion: This study indicates that, seemingly, development assistance for health has significant favourable effect in improving health status in Ethiopia. The policy implication of this finding is development assistance for the health should continue as an interim means to an end.
THE GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH CURRICULUM: Specific Global Health Competences
Authors: Laaser Ulrich
Published: May 2023

The 2nd edition of the Global Public Health Curriculum has been published in the South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, end of 2016 as a special volume (editors Ulrich Laaser & Florida Beluli) at: http://www.seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/view/106/82. The curriculum targets the postgraduate education and training of public health professionals including their continued professional development (CPD). However, specific competences for the curricular modules remained to be identified in a more systematic approach. To that end from the international literature the following references have been used as a general orientation:A) Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) Resource Group, GHEC Committee, India: Global health essential core competencies. At: https://lane.stanford.edu/portals/ihealth-pdfs/BasicCore_Competencies_Final2010.pdfB) Dias M. Et al.: Global Health Competencies for UK Health Professionals. TECHNICAL REPORT · SEPTEMBER 2015. At: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/283086441C) Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH): The Global Health Competency model. At: www.aspph.org/educate/models/masters-global-health/D) World Health Organisation (WHO): WHO GLOBAL COMPETENCY MODEL. At: www.who.int/employment/competencies/WHO_competencies_EN.pdfE) Jogerst K et al.: Identifying Interprofessional Global Health Competencies for 21st Century. At: https://www.cfhi.org/sites/files/files/pages/global_health_competencies_article.pdf
GLOBAL HEALTH COMPETENCES
Authors: Laase Ulrich
Published: May 2023

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Geriatric curriculum at faculties of medicine in Indonesia
Authors: Surjadi Charles , Jani Dwi , Langoday UrsulaYunita
Published: May 2023

Aim: In Indonesia, the elderly population is growing rapidly and will comprise 35 million in 2035. The aim of this study was to assess how geriatric training is organised in medical faculties in Indonesia.
Methods: In 2017, we asked through questionnaires the vice deans of the faculties of medicine about their perceptions towards health and ageing and how they organized the geriatric training in their respective schools. Overall, we obtained data from 32 out of 71 (45.1%) faculties of medicine.
Results: All respondents perceived geriatrics as an important issue for faculties of medicine. Only 12 (37.5%) faculties employ geriatric specialists, 28 (87.5%) teach geriatrics at the undergraduate level, and 12 (40.6%) at postgraduate level, whereas 4 (12.5%) universities teach at specialty level. Conversely, at undergraduate level, only 18 (64.2%) faculties include the ‘geriatric giants’, and 5 (17.8%) include ageism. There are 13 (46.4%) geriatric classes implemented through skill laboratories, 5 (17.8%) through geriatric policlinics, and 4 (14.3%) through geriatric wards.
Conclusion: Attention to geriatric training among medical schools in Indonesia has to be improved. At national level, there should be a more specific formulation of geriatric competencies and how they can be operationalised. Geriatric training is recommended to prepare lecturers in medical faculties. Related to the content of aging curriculum, geriatric issues, attitudes towards aging, and ageism should be addressed.
Future directions for research on neglect, abuse and violence against older women
Authors: Brownell Patricia
Published: May 2023

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Designing Germany’s new global health strategy: Some important recommendations
Authors: Holst Jens
Published: May 2023

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Leadership competencies among male health professionals in a Western Balkan country
Authors: Caushaj Klevis , Czabanowska Katarzyna , Roshi Enver , Muja Herion
Published: May 2023

Aim: Our objective was to assess the current and the required level of leadership competencies among male health professionals in Albania, a country which is characterized by an intensive process of emigration of the health workforce in the past few decades.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Albania in June-November 2018 including a nationwide representative sample of 132 male health professionals working at different health institutions at both central and local level in Albania (mean age: 41.4±10.1 years; overall response rate: 88%). A structured 52-item questionnaire was administered to all male health professionals aiming at self-assessing the current level and the required (necessary) level of leadership competencies for their actual job positions. Answers for each item of the instrument ranged from 1 (“minimal competency level”) to 5 (“maximal competency level”). An overall summary score (range: 52-260) and a subscale summary score for each domain were calculated for both the current and the required leadership competency levels. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the overall mean scores and the subscale mean scores of the current level and the required level of leadership competencies among male health professionals.
Results: Mean value of the overall summary score of the instrument was lower for the current leadership competency level compared with the required leadership competency level (137.6±8.7 vs. 140.7±21.2, respectively; P=0.02). Mean difference between the required and the current level of leadership competencies was higher for male health professionals working in top managerial positions and those working in urban areas of Albania.    
Conclusion: This study informs about the current and the required level of leadership competencies among male health professionals in Albania, a transitional country in the Western Balkans. Policymakers and decision-makers in Albania and other countries in the European region should be aware of the existing gap between the required and the current level of leadership competencies among health professionals operating at all levels.
Complete Issue
Authors: Burazeri Genc , Jankovic Slavenka , Martin-Moreno Jose M.
Published: May 2023

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Russia: A key partner in the Northern Dimension Partnership
Authors: Chernyavskiy Valery , Mikhailova Julia
Published: May 2023

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Introduction of digital technologies in education - Concepts and experiences
Authors: Laaser Wolfram , Exeni Cecilia
Published: May 2023

During the last decades technologies of information and communication technologies made a lot of progress, which increased the quantity and quality of distance education programs and the upcoming blended learning models. However, some basic difficulties in defining meaningful terms instead of buzzwords, often used in the present debate, will be discussed to raise consciousness of the rather vague terminology. The progress of digital technologies offered also a chance for better inclusion of disadvantaged parts of the population. The focus lies on the young generation of school attendants and how technology-oriented programs can provide better inclusion. We put a regional focus on development in Latin America. To highlight some of the issues discussed before, we will present a detailed case study about the Argentinean project “ConectarIgualdad”. We have also added a brief comparison with some other Latin American Initiatives. Summarizing we list considerations for a successful inclusive application of digital technologies in education.
Maternal and new-born health policy indicators for low-resourced countries: The example of Liberia
Authors: Bjegovic-Mikanovic Vesna , Broniatowski Raphael , Byepu Stephen , Laaser Ulrich
Published: May 2023

Aim: Over the past two decades, two catastrophic events caused a steep decline in health services in Liberia: the long-lasting civil war (1989-2003) and the weak response of the health system to the Ebola Viral Disease (EVD) outbreak (2013-2015). In early 2015 The Liberian Government reacted and developed a strategic health policy framework. This paper reviews that framework with a focus on maternal and newborn health.
Methods: The study is designed as a narrative review executed during the second half of 2017 in Monrovia. It takes advantage of triangulation, derived from recent international and national documents, relevant literature, and available information from primary and secondary sources and databases.
Results: In 2015 the severely compromised health system infrastructure included lack of functional refrigerators, low availability of vaccines and child immunization guidelines, high stock-out rates, and an absence of the cold chain minimum requirements in 46% of health facilities. The public health workforce on payroll during 2014/15 included only 117 physicians. Skilled birth attendance as an indicator of maternal health services performance was 61%. Presently, approximately 4.5 women die each day in Liberia due to complications of pregnancy, delivery, and during the post-partum period, equalling about 1,100 women per 100,000 live births. Of particular note is the adolescent birth rate of 147 per 1000 women aged 15-19 years, three times higher than the world average of 44. Additionally, with a neonatal mortality rate of 19.2 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births, Liberia stands higher than the world average as well. The high mortality rates are caused by multiple factors, including a delay in recognition of complications and the need for medical care, the time it takes to reach a health facility due to a lack of suitable roads and transportation, and a delay in receiving competent care in the health facilities.
Conclusions: The fact that performance is above average for some indicators and far below for other points to unexplained discrepancies and a mismatch of international and national definitions or validity of data. Therefore, it is recommended to concentrate on the core of tracer indicators adopted at the global level for Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals to enable a permanent update of relevant information for policymaking and adjustment. At present all health policy documents miss a thorough application of the SMART objectives (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Timely), notably missing in most documents are realistic and detailed budgeting and obligatory timelines for set targets.
South Eastern European Journal of Public Health: A new international online journal
Authors: Burazeri Genc , Jankovic Slavenka , Laaser Ulrich , Martin-Moreno Jose M.
Published: May 2023

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Successful reduction of premature mortality in the Russian Federation and the countries around the Baltic Sea working together on Health and Social Well-being
Authors: Chernyavskiy Valery , Wenzel Helmut , Mikhailova Julia , Ivanova Alla , Zemlyanova Elena , Bjegovic-Mikanovic Vesna , Mikhailov Alexander , Laaser Ulrich
Published: May 2023

Context: The ‘Northern Dimension on Public Health and Social Well-being’ is a platform for dialogue and cooperation of countries around the Baltic Sea, established in 2003, guided by the Sustainable Development Goal 3 on Health and Social Well-being and the Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region of the European Union adopted in 2009. In this paper we determine the overall progress of the Russian Federation and its North West Federal Okrugin in particular, with regard to the reduction of mortality.
Methods: For the purpose of inter-country comparison and progress over time we make use of age-standardised Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) applied to quantifiable strategic targets, the Sustainable Development Goal 3 on Health and Social Well-being and the European Union Strategy of the Baltic Sea Region. A gap analysis is performed to determine whether the target achievement is in delay or on track.
Results: With reference to the baseline of 2009 – corresponding to the most relevant recent period 2009-2020 respectively 2009-2030 – the Russian Federation as a whole is on track achieving the two strategic targets in advance by 2.7 years. For the North West Federal Okrug around St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad bordering the Baltic Sea the target achievement is estimated to be 4.8 and 10.8 years in advance of the deadlines 2020 and 2030. In comparison to the Baltic Sea states the Russian Federation takes a middle position after Estonia, Latvia and Finland. The early target achievement is confirmed if the period 2003-2020 respectively 2003-2030 is considered.
Conclusion: Although the region is progressing there may be a slowdown towards 2030. A careful analysis is required to determine to which degree the activities of the Partnership for Health and Social Well-being have contributed to the success and what should be proposed to increase the impact on premature mortality.
Facilitators and barriers to the use of economic evaluations in nutrition and public health
Authors: Lafranconi Alessandra , Meuse Vera , Caldeira Sandra , Babich Suzanne , Czabanowska Katarzyna
Published: May 2023

Aims: Interventions targeting diets have the potential to reduce a consistent fraction of the chronic disease burden. Economic evaluations of such interventions can be an important tool in guiding public health practitioners and decision makers at various levels, yet there are still not many economic evaluations in this area. This qualitative study explored facilitators and barriers in conducting and using economic analyses to inform decision makers in the field of public health nutrition.
Methods: Data were collected through written, open-ended questionnaires administered to twenty-three participants (13 from academia and 10 from government) using purposive sampling and analysed through a conventional content analysis.
Results: The analysis revealed two broad categories of barriers, which included: i) “Methodological challenges”, and; ii) “Barriers related to application of economic evaluations.” Two main categories of facilitators were also identified: i) “Facilitators to improving the methodology of economic evaluations”, with subcategories further detailing frameworks and methods to be applied, and; ii) “Facilitators to broaden the use of economic evaluations”, with most subcategories addressing science-into-policy translations. These barriers and facilitators to the use of economic evaluations in public health are perceived differently by researchers and policymakers, the former more focused on implementation aspects, the latter more concerned by methodological gaps.
Conclusion: Public health nutrition policies seldom take into account data from formal economic evaluations. Economic evaluation methodologies can be improved to ensure their broader application to decision making.
Socio-demographic inequalities in satisfaction with primary health care and utilization of chosen doctors’ services: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jovanovic Dragana , Jankovic Janko , Mirilovic Nikola
Published: May 2023

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine socio-demographic inequalities in user satisfaction with PHC and utilization of chosen doctors’ services.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 among 232 respondents who participated in PHC user satisfaction survey in PHC center Valjevo, Serbia. Inclusion criteria were an age of at least 20 years, sufficient skills of Serbian language to fill in questionnaires and consent to participation. Two hundreds and six patients completed an anonymous questionnaire about the user satisfaction with PHC.
Results: The chosen doctor was seven times more often visited by the elderly (OR=7.03) and almost three times more often by the middle-aged (OR=2.66) compared to the youngest category of respondents. Those with low education and poor financial status of the household visited a doctor four (OR=4.14) and almost nine times (OR=8.66) more often, respectively, compared to those with high education and good socioeconomic status. A statistically significant higher level of PHC satisfaction was recorded in the rural population (p<0.001) and among respondents with poor socioeconomic status of the household (p=0.014).
Conclusion: The chosen doctor was more frequently visited by respondents with low education and those with poor socioeconomic status of the household, while a higher degree of satisfaction with PHC was recorded in the rural population as well as in those with poor socioeconomic status of the household.
Survival: One Health, One Planet, One Future
Authors: Lueddeke George R.
Published: May 2023

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School-based intervention to promote healthy nutrition and physical activity in Palestinian girls - Process evaluation
Authors: Husseini Maha Nubani , Donchin Milka
Published: May 2023

Aim: School-based interventions have the potential to intervene with the students and teachers, and to reach their families. A controlled program trial was designed to promote healthy eating and physical activity among Palestinian females, while the process evaluation aimed to monitor the program’s implementation and identify factors that led to its success.
Methods: A randomized controlled program trial was conducted in 14-Palestinian schools under 4-different jurisdictions, divided into 7-control and 7-intervention schools chosen randomly after applying a sample size calculation. A monitoring system, elucidated factors which contributed to improved outcomes, was applied in the intervention schools only, while the control schools continued with their regular curriculum. The process evaluation tracked the timing and implementation of interventions including changes in the school strategy, policy and structure, teachers’ capacity building, mothers’ education and involvement, the school’s supportive health environment, and integration food consumption records and physical activity into the daily class routine.
Results: The intervention included 3,805 schoolchildren and their mothers’ as-well-as 147 teachers. At the completion of the 18-month intervention the schools had successfully participated in the various intervention activities. Only the private school did not sustain some of the interventions, which put it at 55% completion of the school supportive environment activities compared to the other schools which all reached the 100% completion of planned activities.
Conclusion: This process evaluation approach enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the intervention implementation and outcomes and identified factors that contribute to the sustainability of the intervention. Each school required a different amount of time for understanding, applying and implementing the program depending on its needs.
 
Acknowledgments: The authors thank the participating schools, the Palestinian Ministry of Education, the UNRWA Office of Education and Jerusalem Municipality for facilitating fieldwork. I would like to acknowledge my gratitude to my doctoral thesis supervisors, Prof. Elliot Berry and Prof. Ziad Abdeen.
 
Source of funding: This study is a part of Ph.D. degree. The researcher received scholarship from Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). The author thanks Nutrition and Health Research Institute Al-Quds University for funding part of the research. The Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women at the Division of Cardiology of Hadassah University Medical Center, directed by Dr. Donna Zfat funded the mothers’ activities and lectures towards the end of the intervention, as well as the implementation of the program at the control schools one year after the study ended, as they were promised when they got selected
Aflatoxin B1 as an endocrine disruptor among miller flour workers
Authors: Beshir Safia , Shaheen Weam , Saad-Hussein Amal , Saeed Yuosra
Published: May 2023

Aim: Aflatoxin В1 has been stated to inhibit the function of different endocrine glands. This study was proposed to clarify the possible effects of aflatoxin B1 as an endocrine disruptor on pituitary gland, thyroid gland and gonads among miller flour workers, and to evaluate its effects on human male sexual function.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a flour mill in Helwan District Cairo, Egypt in 2019. The study included 42 exposed flour milling male workers from the grinding department which showed the highest level of aspergillus flavus in the air sampling of airborne fungi and 40 non-exposed males. Serumaflatoxin В1/albumin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, 17-beta-estradiol, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxin and thyroid stimulating hormone were measured for the studied groups.
Results: Sampling of airborne fungi revealed that aspergillus flavus and penicillum were the predominant fungal types in the flour mill. Indoor/Outdoor ratios for aspergillus flavus were ≥ 1 in all the locations indicating presence of indoor sources. Serum Aflatoxin В1/albumin, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating, the existence of various types of sexual disorders (decreased libido, impotence and premature ejaculation) were higher while testosterone was lower in the miller flour workers compared to non-exposed. However, there was no significant difference regarding 17-beta-estradioland thyroid hormone levels between both studied groups.
Conclusion: Aflatoxin B1creates possible human male reproductive health distresses in miller flour workers.
Clinical and epidemiological evaluation of Tuberculosis in Albania during the period 2009-2018
Authors: Peposhi Lir , Tafa Holta , Bardhi Donika , Hafizi Hasan
Published: May 2023

Aim: To estimate the clinical and epidemiological pattern of Tuberculosis (TB) in Albania over the period 2009-2018.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical and epidemiological data based on TB individual notification forms during the period 2009-2018.
Results: During the 10-years period, TB incidence increased from 14 to 15.5, but without a significant increasing trend. The total number of TB cases increased from 440 to 447. The proportion of extra-pulmonary TB decreased from 32% to 25% in 2018 (p=0.015), with and average mean change of 29 cases. Males prevail among TB cases and male-to-female ratio ranges from 2:1 to 3:1. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was carried out depending on the availability of the reagents and there were 54%, 18% and 96% culture cases confirmed positive in 2009, 2014 and 2019, respectively. The overall treatment completion rate was 85% and 88.2% in 2009 and 2018, respectively. However, there was a significant drop in cured cases from 26% in 9.3%, whereas the percentage of deaths has increased from 0.5% in 4.1%. All treatment outcomes exhibited a significant change (p<0.001).
 
Conclusion: TB continues to be a public health challenge in Albania regardless of the seemingly generally stable epidemiological situation.
Serbian Citizens’ Opinion on the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Marta Ivanović , Mirjana Đorđević , Aleksandar MA Klarić , Filip Mikanović , Kristina Nikolić , Tamara Perić , Tamara Savić , Katarina Steljić , Laza Subotić , Marko Todorović , Irena Todorovski , Bojan Totić
Published: May 2023

Aim: The Centre for International Public Policy has undertaken a public opinion research in which we tested the opinions of the citizens of Serbia on the coronavirus epidemic. The respondents had the opportunity to express their opinion on measures undertaken by the Serbian Government to combat the virus, to state their trust in the media, as well as the health system in general. In addition, we tested the prevalence of different conspiracy theories among citizens, whether the pandemic gave China a new image in the minds of the people and, most importantly, the level of solidarity among Serbian citizens as well as within the European / international community as a whole.
Methods: In seven days, from 8-15th April 2020, we gathered a convenient sample of N=5989 respondents, which makes this the largest public opinion research project in Serbia on the topic of COVID-19 since the start of the epidemic. The electronic questionnaire consisted of 24 questions of mixed and closed type.
Results: The findings of this research suggest that citizens of Serbia are not afraid of COVID-19, but are nevertheless cautious (86%). The percentage of those willing to consult a doctor when they notice any symptoms lies at 70%. Half of the respondents do not believe in alternative theories regarding the origin of the COVID-19 virus. The majority of the respondents (55%) hold government officials accountable for spreading panic through public speeches and daily public addresses. Moreover, 60% of the respondents do not trust the Serbian media outlets that are currently reporting on the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, over half of the respondents are prepared to report their neighbour when he or she is coming from abroad and violates the obligation to self-isolate. However, mostly due to the significant fines, 65% of the respondents would not report the elderly when they are breaking the limited-movement restriction measures.
Conclusion: As before the epidemic, opinions of the Serbian population on current topics are somewhat polarized. Although the majority of the respondents are cautious, a significant number also believes in conspiracy theories and does not fully trust the information provided by the media or the government.
Navigating barriers to gender equality in the European Union context: The case of healthcare sector
Authors: Kalaitzi Stavroula
Published: May 2023

Context: Progress towards achieving gender equality in the European Union context is reported slow and fragmented, although some achievements have been made. Scholarship has been discuss-ing extensively the gendered barriers, yet their manifestation on a comprehensive and prevalence basis has received scant attention so far. Highlighting the big picture of all (in)visible gendered barriers and their manifestation in relation to countries’ specificity may contribute in understand-ing better the missing link between policy and practice. This study aims firstly, to identify com-prehensively the gendered barriers and their prevalence, and secondly, to gain deeper insights on how a persisting policy problem at the EU and Member States level remained poorly addressed for over two decades.
Methods: A mixed methods approach was adopted to ensure the qualitative research quality cri-teria. The systematic literature review, questionnaire and semi-structured interviews methods to obtain and analyze data were included. Qualitative analysis was supplemented by the fundamental tenet of feminist research on the centrality of women.
Results: Twenty-six gendered barriers with quantitative logic and varying degree of prevalence were identified and depicted in the Barriers Thematic Map (BTM) across healthcare, academia and business sectors. Twenty and twenty-one gendered barriers in Greek and Maltese healthcare set-tings were found respectively unveiling the country’s specificity in barriers’ manifestation. The sustainable development thinking in gender equality objectives in EU and MS was found suffering from inconsistencies and misplaced priorities.
Conclusion: The gendered barriers are multiple, manifest themselves in chorus and with a varying degree of prevalence across sectors and are greatly influenced by country’s specificity. Evidence informed gendered policies respecting national priorities may need to be revisited by policy actors to deliver the promised egalitarian social orderand sustainable future for the EU citizens.
Socially responsible human resources management and stakeholders’ Health Promotion: A conceptual paper
Authors: Macassa Gloria , Tomaselli Gianpaolo
Published: May 2023

The prime objective of this paper is to propose a new conceptual framework for how integrating corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resources management (HRM) can impact on stakeholders’ health and wellbeing. The proposed framework argues that integrative socially responsible HRM (SR-HRM) policies coupled with public health literacy and integrative responsible leadership can play a significant role in shaping health behaviour change of internal stakeholders, which in turn can spill over to external stakeholders (family and proximate communities).
From a health promotion and population health perspective, we see human resources (HR) as a leading partner in educating employees on the value of CSR and public health literacy programmes, and also as providing action plans on how to strategically and successfully implement these types of programmes. By helping to develop action plans to analyse CRS and public health literacy activities, HR professionals will be promoting both corporate citizenship and health behaviour change. Both of these are vital for developing a culture of social responsibility (and achieving the triple bottom line (TBL)) and sustainable population health promotion. Henceforth, SR-HRM policies and practices could help business organizations to contribute to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and specifically Goals 3 and 8. This novel framework, which is especially pertinent to public health, has not yet been tested empirically. Hence, future studies are warranted to empirically test the theoretical framework using field data collection.
How the Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh, India, fought Corona
Authors: Dobe Madhumita , Sahu Monalisha
Published: May 2023

Background: Kurnool, one of the four districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, emerged as a COVID-19 hotspot by mid-April 2020.
Method: The authors compiled the publicly available information on different public health measures in Kurnool district and related them to the progression of COVID-19 from March to May 2020.
Results: Two surges in pandemic progression of COVID-19 were recorded in Kurnool. The ini-tial upsurge in cases was attributed to return of people from other Indian states, along with return of participants of a religious congregation in Delhi, followed by in-migration of workers and truckers from other states and other districts of Andhra Pradesh, particularly from the state of Maharashtra (one of the worst affected states in India) and Chennai (the Koyambedu wholesale market - epicenter of the largest cluster of COVID-19 in Tamil Nadu). In a quick response to surging infections the state government launched operation ‘Kurnool Fights Corona’ to contain the outbreak. Kurnool had taken a targeted approach to testing, scaled up testing in areas with high case load, and conducted contact tracing for each positive case, along with requisitioning oxygenated beds in the district hospitals to meet the anticipated spurt in the number of positive cases. This combined approach paid rich dividends and from 26th April to May 9th, the growth curve flattened.
Conclusion: Although the in migration of laborers and return of residents from other Indian states and abroad during the COVID-19 pandemic was a complex challenge, the timely actions of testing, tracing and isolation conducted by the district authorities in Kurnool greatly reduced transmission. Although this response assessment is based on a single district, the perspectives have revealed some important lessons regarding risk communication, preparedness and response for pandemics which will facilitate consolidation of the policy and program response to pandem-ics in future.
SEEJPH E-Collection 2014-2020
Authors: Jacobs Hans
Published: May 2023

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Seasonal variations of schizophrenic patients in emergency departments in Sofia, Bulgaria
Authors: Spasova Zornitsa
Published: May 2023

Aim: The purpose of this study was to reveal the seasonal distribution of emergency department visits of schizophrenic patients in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Methods: We collected daily data for visits of patients with schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders in the emergency center of the regional dispenser for mental disorders in the city of Sofia for the period 1998-2003. The total number of emergency visits was 5723 (mean daily visits: 5.04±2.4). T-test was used to compare the monthly and seasonal distribution of visits.
Results: The season with the highest levels of emergency visits was summer, and the lowest levels were observed in winter (P<0.0001). Spring and autumn had intermediate values close to the mean value, and significantly differentiated from winter values. The month with the highest admission rates was September, followed by May and the three summer’s months. The lowest levels were observed in December, October and January, with statistically significant differences observed between the values of all the three months. Differences between July values compared with December and October values were significant, but not with January values.
Conclusion: The study showed significant seasonal and monthly differences in emergency schizophrenics’ visits. The data confirm the outcome of similar studies conducted in countries with temperate climate in the Northern Hemisphere. These results could prove useful for psychiatrists, public health specialists, and governmental authorities dealing with team planning and prevention programs in the field of psychiatry.
Special Volume No. 1, 2021: The Global One Health Environment
Authors: Burazeri Genc , Jacobs Dr. Hans
Published: May 2023

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