bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identify eight aspects of ergonomics to determine the improvement of human-machine interaction work (case studies in manufacturing industry)
Authors: Susihono Wahyu , Anggi Saputri Tania
Published: October 2018

Manufacturing Industry is one of the industrial activities in Indonesia, manufacturing industry is an industry with main activities is to change raw materials, components, or other parts into goods which is according to company specifications standards. In the production floor, activity in the manufacturing industry, the workers have different job specifications with each other. Some works consist of human-machine interaction is found by the activity between workers and lathe machine, welding maching, milling machine, frais machine, and others. The manufacturing industry will increase its ability to serve a variety of better quality products caused by the desire or encouragement of the customers. In general, according to the increase of corporate targets, its also need improvement from the aspect of work performance. To obtain a description of the proposed improvement based on human performance, it is necessary to identify the eight aspects of ergonomics include the consumption of nutritionalfor workers (energy), muscle power, body posture, environment, time conditions, social conditions, information conditions, and human machine interaction. This research use cross sectional method approach that is research done at one time, no follw up, to find the correlation between independent variable (risk factor) with dependent variable (effect). The conclusion of this research is needed nutrition intake or nutrition to recover the workers, it is necessary to design facilities such as manufacturing aids to reduce the use of excess muscle or appropriate technology (TTG). After the application of TTG (Appropriate Technology) to reduce the excessive use of muscle to the workers, the company should provide the nutritional intake accordance with workload of employees in the manufacturing industry
Do service activity impact on the risk of Indonesian banking industry?
Authors: Friantina Yona , Ruhadi  , Edman Syarief M.
Published: October 2018

The Indonesian banking industry has developed technology innovation will provide financial services to generate income. The purpose of this paper is to compare the service activity and to explore the effect of the service activity on risk in Islamic and conventional banks. By analyzing 12 Islamic banks and 38 conventional banks in Indonesia during the period from 2015 to 2017, we use Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with path analysis and multiple group analysis. The result shows that the service activity of Islamic banks appears to be more variable than conventional banks. The risk level of Islamic banks is more stable than conventional banks. For Islamic banks, non-financing income has a significant negative effect on risk, commission income and trading income have a significant positive effect on risk, and other non-financing income has no effect on risk. However, no significant effect has been observed between non-interest income, commission income, trading income, other non-interest income and risk level in conventional banks. This finding indicates that the combination of funding activities, lending activities, and service activities allows Islamic banks to obtain the diversification income till reduce risks. For conventional banks, diversification in activities contributes to the higher volatility of bank revenue.
Stability of roof trusses stiffened by trapezoidal sheeting and purlins
Authors: Korcz-Konkol Natalia , Iwicki Piotr
Published: October 2018

In the article linear buckling analysis of a set of steel trusses braced by purlins and trapezoidal sheeting are conducted. The buckling load factor due to the height of a corrugated sheeting profile is investigated in parametric studies. The minimal height of trapezoidal sheeting required for preventing the sheeting and chords of the trusses against the buckling is obtained. Two groups of models are considered: “axial” model as a simple one and “eccentric” model as a more complex one. In the second group of models, eccentricity between the top chord of the trusses and purlins is considered, by means of equivalent beam elements. The differences between models are indicated and the results are discussed.
The buckling analysis of a cold-formed steel C-sectional column resting on an elastic foundation
Authors: Deniziak Patryk , Iwicki Piotr
Published: October 2018

The paper is focused on stability analysis of different models of steel cold-formed C-section column. The analysed element may be applied as a primary load-bearing member in steel trusses or silo columns. The column can be used as a support for a wall of roof plates made of corrugated sheets. The wall sheeting that restrains the column against buckling may be considered as an elastic foundation. Due to the design solutions the foundation may be modelled as a series of lateral translational or rotational elastic supports. Such model is used for example in silo column analysis. In the paper linear bifurcation analysis (LBA) of axially compressed columns with different type of elastic foundation is carried by means of ABAQUS software. The analysed thin-walled column (C 250×100×33×4) is regarded as a load-bearing element in a steel hall. The column was modelled by shell elements, the foundation modelled by means of elastic supports. The column length was 5000 mm. The authors present a 3D image of an influence of lateral translational and rotational elastic supports on the buckling resistance of the column.
Study on 19th-century cast iron columns from the former financial office building in Kwidzyn
Authors: Kwasek Michał , Piwek Aleksander , Jankowski Robert
Published: October 2018

The article presents the results for cast iron columns used as floor supports in the former financial office building in Kwidzyn (Poland). The stocktaking drawings provided the general and detailed data about the 19th century designer’s decisions. During the research, architectural and structural analysis was carried out. The graphics were used as a starting material for preparing 3D calculation models. The FEM-based numerical simulations were conducted using ABAQUS software. It was shown that the selection of such a structural solution in the building allowed arranging the interior space in an innovative way. The results of the study prove the thesis put forward of a low application extent of the load-bearing capacity of cast iron column used.
The influence of high tensile bolts tightening torque on stress distribution in the bolted connection of rockfall barrier under impact load
Authors: Kuliński Krzysztof , Major Maciej
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the finite element method approach to determine stress distribution in rockfall barrier post with end to end-plate connection, assembled with high tensile bolts under two different types of impact load. For the analysis purposes typical fixed to the foundation, rockfall barrier post is adopted with 2,50 m height and sixty degrees slope to the horizontal ground line. One post end is fixed (welded) to the base plate – anchored to foundation, the second end is supported via retaining rope. The impact load applied exactly in the post mid-height and boulder caught via net in the mid-distance between two consecutive post are discussed. Four different locations of end to end-plate connection are analysed measuring from the fixed support i.e. dimension varies in the range of 0,30 m up to 0,60 m with 0,10 m step. Six high tensile bolts, zinc coated with 12.9 grade strength have been adopted in the connection. The stated boundary problem was solved by means of SolidWorks software.
Critical load of steel trusses - graphical methods
Authors: Michał Piątkowski
Published: October 2018

The article presents graphical methods for determine critical loads of column and beam elements based on experimental results. The author presents the principles of using each method and the results of author's experimental tests on the instability phenomenon of planar steel truss with imperfections. The discussed methods were used to determine critical load of the tested truss, next compared with the results of numerical analysis. The validity of methods for determining the critical moment in the truss analysis has been confirmed.
Design procedure for steel column bases with stiffeners
Authors: Górski Marcin
Published: October 2018

The procedure of calculation of steel column bases with stiffeners including plastic distribution of stresses in concrete has been shown. The strain model from section analysis, similar to model used in calculations of reinforced concrete columns has been used in this purpose. The assumption of linear strain of base plate under stiffeners and column has been made, according to Bernoulli-Euler Theory. The displacements of compressed part of columns bases have been associated with deformations of concrete foundation. Limitations of dimensions of compression zone have been defined based on results of FEM analysis. Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete under compression and bending, according to Eurocode 2 has been taken into consideration in the procedure. Deformation of base plate based on stiffness coefficients used in determining of rotational stiffness of steel joints has been assumed in the tensioned part. Incomplete utilisation of bolts resistance due to insufficient deformation has been also included. All the mentioned assumptions results in universal procedure that allows calculation of resistance of column bases under any combination of axial force and bending moment. Finally design example with an entire proceeding has been presented.
Assessment of sulfur concrete properties for use in civil engineering
Authors: Lewandowski Michał , Kotynia Renata
Published: October 2018

Sulfur concrete is a material that was introduced to the civil engineering industry as a substitute of a typical concrete in which cement is a binder. Sulfur concrete properties are provided by a sulfur polymer produced in the process of synthesis of the ordinary sulfur with modifiers that prevent a process of crystallization of sulfur what results in stabilizing sulfur polymer structure. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate characteristics of sulfur concrete, which was designed with combustion products. It was established that mechanical parameters of sulfur concrete should correspond with properties of a cement concrete used in production processes of prefabricated elements of road and construction industry. Accurateness of parameters of a designed mixture was confirmed and rated by a series of tests of hardened concrete – physical, mechanical (compression strength), durability in harsh environment. The test results confirmed low water absorption, high resistance to wear abrasion, high freeze-thaw scaling resistance (surface weathering) in a salty environment and high compressive and tensile strength of individual compositions. However, due to the internal structural damage, the freeze-thaw-attack cube tests did not prove the freeze-thaw resistance of the sulfur concrete specimens. The reason was low freeze-thaw-attack resistance of sulfur binders.
Influence of selected additives and admixtures on underwater concrete and the environment
Authors: Mariak Aleksandra , Grabarczyk Lucyna , Wojtasik Barbara , Zbawicka Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

The intensive civilization development implies searching for new possibilities connected with extension of city agglomerations, both the areas of flat building and the industrial areas. One of the most interesting solution is to use water reservoirs, rivers and sea areas. The extension of buildings affects the building materials, especially hydrotechnical concrete. Water structures are usually the objects of huge dimensions exposed to extreme conditions. In most cases these buildings are specific and complicated. They require an individual approach to concrete mix design and should be monitored by measurement technologies supported by automated numerical examinations. Nowadays health monitoring systems are applied to large variety of engineering structures. In order to get the required quality of hydrotechnical concrete, additives and admixtures are necessary. The material properties of underwater concrete can be also improved using polymer and steel fibers of various content and length. The majority of areas are built of concrete, that is the reason to be aware of admixture influence on the environment and living organisms. The attempt to evaluate the description of different kinds of hydrotechnical concrete as potential habitat of water organisms, was indicated in the paper.
Predicting the impact of traffic–induced vibrations on buildings using artificial neural networks
Authors: Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska Anna
Published: October 2018

Traffic–induced vibrations may constitute a considerable load to a building, cause cracking of plaster, cracks in load–bearing elements or even a global structural collapse of the whole structure [1-4]. Vibrations measurements of real structures are costly and laborious, not justified in all cases. The aim of the paper is to create an original algorithm, to predict the negative dynamic impact on the examined residential building with a high probability. The model to forecast the impact of vibrations on buildings is based on artificial neural networks [5]. The author’s own field studies carried out according to the Polish standard [6] and literature examples [7-10] have been used to create the algorithms. The results of the conducted analysis show that an artificial neural network can be considered a good tool to predict the impact of traffic–induced vibrations on residential buildings, with a sufficiently high reliability.
Overview of vibroacoustic isolators used in railway tracks
Authors: Kraśkiewicz Cezary , Oleksiewicz Wojciech , Płudowska-Zagrajek Monika , Lipko Cezary
Published: October 2018

The paper presents an overview of vibroacoustic isolators used in railway tracks to reduce negative effects from railway traffic. These include single components or their assemblies, with different material characteristics and location in the track structure due to track structure type (ballasted or ballastless track system). The reduction of negative effects relates mainly to the reduction of vibration and structure-borne noise. The practical solutions for railway structures include various components that perform different functions at the same time: vibroacoustic isolation and mechanical function to ensure safe and durable use of rail track (i.e. rail fastening systems, rail supporting structures). The main goals of this paper are systematization and description of basic material characteristics of vibroacoustic isolators applied sufficiently close to the place of vibration generation during the movement of rail vehicles.
Numerical Study on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of an Urban-Concept Car for Energy-Efficient Competition
Authors: Ambarita Himsar , Siregar Munawir R
Published: October 2018

The present work deals with aerodynamic drag reduction of an urban-concept car for energy-efficient competition. Several modifications have been proposed to the original design of the urban-concept of the car. In order to investigate the effect of the proposed modifications numerical method has been developed. In the numerical method three-dimensional governing equations have been solved numerically. Turbulent flow is modeled using k-epsilon model. The two designs have been simulated at five different inlet velocities. The inlet velocity varies from 10 m/s to 20 m/s. The velocity contour, velocity vector and pressure distributions have been plotted. The results show that the proposed modifications improve the performance of the proposed design. At the given inlet velocities, the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the new design decreased 26.63 % in comparison with original design. It is recommended to modify the original design of the urban concept car by implementing the proposed modifications. The new design will improve the performance of the urban concept car.
New Technologies for Producing Bicycle Hub Forging
Authors: Gontarz Andrzej , Dziubiñska Anna , Winiarski Grzegorz , Tofil Arkadiusz
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the results of research on two new forging processes for producing bicycle hub forgings in a three-slide forging press. The first process is related to producing a forging with an axial cavity by flashless forging. The other one concerns the production of a forging from a tube billet. The potential benefits offered by these two new forging processes compared to the conventional hammer forging method for producing hubs are discussed. The designed processes are verified theoretically via numerical simulations. The first of the proposed processes is also subjected to experimental verification. The results demonstrate that the new technologies allow obtaining good quality products. A comparison is made between material and energy consumption in the two analyzed processes and in conventional hammer forging. It is found that the application of the forging process in a three-slide forging press leads to a considerable decrease in manufacturing costs.
Automated Virtual Testing Rig Incorporating Multi-level Models of Gas Turbine Engines
Authors: Tkachenko Andrey , Krupenich Ilia , Filinov Evgeny , Ostapyuk Yaroslav
Published: October 2018

This article describes the multi-level approach to developing the virtual testing rig of gas turbine engines and power plants. The described virtual rig is developed on the basis of computer-aided system of thermogasdynamic calculations and analysis ASTRA, developed at Samara National Research University. Existing testing rig is widely used in educational process to supply the students’ research activities with the information on engine operation in a variety of ambient and flight conditions during transients. An approach to upgrading the virtual testing rig is proposed. The described modifications would provide the capabilities to solve more complex research tasks, including investigation of influence of geometry of engine elements on the engine characteristics, multidisciplinary investigations, identification of engine models using the results of experimental investigations and identification of sources of engine deficiencies during the development phase of engine designing.
Thermodynamic designing of the small-scale gas turbine engine family with common core
Authors: Tkachenko Andrey , Ostapyuk Evgeny Filinovaroslav , Rybakov Viktor , Kolmakova Daria
Published: October 2018

The paper describes the method of selecting the working process parameters of a family of small-scale gas turbine engines (GTE) with common core. As an example, the thermodynamic design of a family of small-scale gas turbine engines (SGTE) with common core was carried out. The engine family includes a small-scale turbojet engine (STJE) and a gas turbine plant (GTP), which electric generator is driven by power turbine. The selection of rational values for the working process parameters of STJE and GTP was carried out in CAE system ASTRA on the basis of nonlinear optimization of these parameters, taking into account functional and parametric constraints. The quantitative results of deterioration in the performance of the engines of the family with common core are obtained in comparison with the engines with the optimum core for each type. However, the advanced creation of a common core can reduce the cost and timing of the engine creation, ensure its higher reliability (due to the development of the base common core) and reduce the cost of its production. The method of selecting the parameters of the working process of the GTE family with common core presents the solution to more complex problems, such as the possibility of developing a family consisting of five engines: a turbojet engine, turbofan engine, turbofan engine with a complex cycle, GTE with power turbine (GTE-PT), GTE-PT with recovery.
Optimization of Powerful Two-stage Screw Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Baturin Oleg , Popov Grigorii , Kolmakova Daria , Zubanov Vasilii , Novikova Julia , Korneeva Anastasia
Published: October 2018

The article presents a refining method for a two-stage screw centrifugal pump by the joint usage of mathematical optimization software IOSO, meshing complex NUMECA and CFD software ANSYS CFX. The pump main parameters: high-pressure stage rotor speed was 13300 rpm; low-pressure rotor speed was 3617 rpm by gearbox; inlet total pressure was 0.4 MPa; outlet mass flow was 132.6 kg/s at the nominal mode. This article describes the process of simplifying the calculation model for the optimization. The parameters of camber lines of the low-pressure impeller, transition duct, and high-pressure impeller blades for two sections (hub and shroud) were chosen as optimization parameters. The blades of low-pressure impeller, transition duct and high-pressure impeller have changed during optimization. The optimization goal was the increase of the pump efficiency with preservation or slight increase in the pressure head. The efficiency was increased by 3%.
Robust Estimation of Optimal Sample Size for CMM Measurements with Statistical Tolerance Limits
Authors: Chelishchev Petr , Popov Aleksandr , Sørby Knut
Published: October 2018

The paper proposes the kernel probability density function approach to estimate the distribution of measurements on a part which is measured in a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The study is based on the experimental data derived from internal cylinder measurements. The distribution free model suggested by Wilks was used as a reference for the selection of the sample size. Three cross sections of a cylinder were measured regarding to this reference. The work defines the minimum required sample size for obtaining at least 0.95 proportion of radius variation for particular studied cylindrical part with 95% confidence level.
Spark Plug with Integrated Chamber
Authors: Dittrich Aleš , Beroun Stanislav
Published: October 2018

Spark plug with integrated chamber increases the quality of ignition of homogenous mixture in the engine cylinder. Very small amount of burning mixture bursts (outflows) from chamber (so-called flame jet ignition) which heads into faster initial phase of burning. From view of cycle to cycle variations the procedure of consequent burning is more stable. Spark plug’s case with integrated chamber is exposed by higher thermal stress than classis spark plug. This fact has to be respected during design of spark plug with integrated chamber. This article shows the how configuration of the lower part of spark plug with integrated chamber can change the type of spark and how flame-jet ignition will affect parameters of burning mixture during operating cycle.
Renewable-integrated Traffic Energy
Authors: Dey A.K. , Nickey JVR , Sun Y.
Published: October 2018

This work is a development of an indigenous technology combined Flap-motor power generator (FMPG) and PV system that harnesses the free renewable energies in rural area to generate electricity. FMPG and solar renewable energy power technologies are affordable, clean and sustainable and can replace or supplement power generator for road traffic signal light. Combined energy systems integrate these renewable energy technologies with flap base car passing power generators, PV and batteries to provide road signal power in remote areas not connected to a utility grid. Such an isolated grid will help to supply electricity for traffic signal to avoid road accident and maximum vehicle efficiency at intersections. This power generation device will provide constant power supply while no sunlight for long days. At the same time technology will represent instance power supply for rural area traffic light electrification system without grid connection.
Application of Adaptive PSO and Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controllers to Speed Control PMSM Motor Servo Systems
Authors: Hieu Le Dinh , Olegovich Temkin Igor
Published: October 2018

Three phases Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are non-linear resistors, resistance of stator winding, air gap flux, cross-coupling, saturation variable times and cogging torque in operation. Due to the nonlinear nature of PMSM, it is a challenge to control exactly the speed, torque and position. This paper presents two methods for speed control stabilization of the PMSM using the Adaptive Fuzzy Logic - Proportional Integral Derivative controller (AFL-PID) and Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization - Proportional Integral Derivative controller (APSO-PID). The response results of the speed control PMSM Servo Systems use AFLC-PID and APSO-PID methods are compared and the conclusions are given.
Research on Control Algorithm of Electric Linear Loading System
Authors: Lei Jianjie , Fan Yuanxun , Pan Weidong , Tang Dejia , Tao Jian , Xu Zhiwei
Published: October 2018

This paper mainly focused on the problems of low loading accuracy in electric linear loading system, Firstly, the mathematical model is done on loading motor, loading motor driver and ball screw in the system. Then, the current loop proportional control is introduced, which improves the response speed of the load motor; In order to improve the loading accuracy and restrain excess force, a parallel algorithm based on fuzzy PID and repetitive control is designed in the force loop. The fuzzy controller improves the dynamic performance and anti-interference ability of the system. The repetitive controller periodically adjusts the deviation, which reduces the steady-state error of the system. Combination of the two controller results in good dynamic and static characteristics. The simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm is feasible, which has a certain engineering reference value.
Heart Rate Analysis Applied to Beginners Electrician Linemen of Energy Distribution Networks Who Ascend and Descend from the Posts
Authors: Abril Ernesto A. , Abril Ernesto M. , Pacheco Idalia , Abril Leonardo M. , Abril Christian P.
Published: October 2018

The investigation uses a group of people: an expert and five inexperienced ones in the ascent to the posts of the electric power distribution networks that are 12 meters high. The analysis consisted in taking data related to the heartbeat given by the physical effort made to raise and lower poles, presenting a map of heat, generating a stress caused by the fear of heights and the possibility of slipping or falling from the structures that they are installing, resulting in a very unstable heart rate. The analysis considers different circumstances, such as the correlation of the increase of the heart rate with the effort made by the worker, and the heart rate that increases with the fear or stress of working at height is determined. Should be considered the cardiac pulse that the worker has when descending from the post. The heart rate is variable in all the people analyzed, after a physical effort the heart rate is unpredictable for several people.
Continuous Anonymity with Users in the Same Direction in Road Networks
Authors: Lili Yu , Lei Zhang , Xiaoguang Su , Jing Li , Xu Zhang , Zhe Wang
Published: October 2018

Compared with the Euclidean space, road network is restricted by its direction in traveling, velocity and some other attribute profiles. So the algorithms that designed for the Euclidean space are usually invalid and difficult to provide privacy protection services. In order to cope with this problem, we have proposed an algorithm to provide the service of collecting anonymous users that their directions in traveling similar with the initiator in the road networks. In this algorithm, the shortest distance between multiple road segments is calculated, and then utilizes the distance to select the user who has the same direction in traveling with the initiator. Consequently, the problem of the discrepancy of the anonymous users in the routing that invalidates the location privacy protection is solved. At last, we had compared this algorithm with other similar algorithms, and through the results of the comparison and the cause of this phenomenon, we have concluded that this algorithm is better not only in the level of privacy protection, but in the performance of execution efficiency.
Utilization of Cloud Computing Service for Smart City Development of Medan City
Authors: Amin Muryanto , Muchtar Muhammad Anggia , Siregar Ikhsan , Nasution Tigor Hamonangan
Published: October 2018

The existence of technology, especially information technology is growing up rapidly currently. Medan City government at this time have to utilize advances information technology to process, manage, distribute and information distribute and public services. Thus, the development of Smart City is needed, where the concept aims to accommodate and improve the quality of public services. In this study was done planning of smart city development Medan city by utilizing Cloud Computing Service technology. By the main priority of realizing the population with proper health and educated, any aspects of Smart City equipped with security server or centralized security system. Cloud Computing Service Design for Medan Smart City Development is designed for next 3, it is the most considering method to be applied. Thus, three agencies were taken of direct contact by the community and the most experiencing obstacles in the field. The result of this work is a Masterplan Smart City design Medan city for the development of the next five years.
Design and Implementation of Communication Scheme between Ethernet and Multi-Serial Port
Authors: He Xin , Wu Jia’nan , Deng Hongde , Zhen Zean , Liu Chenyang
Published: October 2018

With the development of aerospace technology, the flight control system is getting more and more important for a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) flying safely and efficiently. For collecting the experimental data without delay, this paper briefly reviews the design of the communication scheme, and provides the implemented results. Through using the controller LPC1768 to expand the serial port, and the Ethernet controller DP83848 to complete the communication by UDP protocol, it turns out that this method is able to reach the real-time requirements of the UAV semi-physical simulation.
Investigation on the Particle Growth of Rutile TiO2 Suppressed by Manganese
Authors: Aripin  , Priatna Edvin , Busaeri Nundang , Priyadi Rudi , Sudiana I Nyoman , Joni I Made , Sabchevski Svilen
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we present the results of an investigation on the crystallite growth of rutile TiO2 and the formation of Mn–O–Ti bonds in a TiO2/manganese composition. The effects of manganese loading from 20 wt% to 80 wt%, into TiO2 at a temperature of 1200°C on the structural properties, have been studied. The material’sproperties have been characterized on the basis of the experimental data obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It has been found that an increase of the loading by manganese up to 80 wt% leads to a decrease of the rutile crystallites size and an increase of the amount of Mn–O–Ti bonds. The analysis based on the interpretation of both XRD patterns and FTIR spectrum allows one to explain the reduction of the crystallite size of rutile TiO2 by an increase of the manganese loading.
Laser cleaning for rust removal on mild steel: An experimental study on surface characteristics
Authors: Narayanan Vishnu , Singh Ramesh K , Marla Deepak
Published: October 2018

Laser cleaning is a relatively new and promising industrial cleaning method. Despite its potential as an alternative to conventional de-rusting methods, very few studies have been done on rust removal. The current study is aimed at investigating experimentally the effect of various important laser parameters on properties of surface after laser processing. Rusted mild steel samples were irradiated with moving pulsed laser beam. Parameters like scan speed, number of passes, etc. were varied and the change in properties such as surface profile, roughness, hardness, etc. of the processed surface were observed along with depth of removal. The depth of removal was found to increase with an increase in laser power, and number of scans but decreased with an increase in scan speed. The surface got discoloured and deformed at lower speeds and higher powers. The surface roughness after processing hardly showed any variation with the initial roughness values before cleaning but depended on the scanning path of the laser. The microhardness values after laser processing varied with path traced by the laser beam which points to microstructure changes in the samples due to laser processing.
Design and Construction of Sago Rasper (As Business Process Re-Engineering of Sago Flour)
Authors: Immawan Taufiq , Saputro Dicky Bayuadi , Cahyo Winda Nur
Published: October 2018

The forest area of Sago in Indonesia is about 1.25 million hectares with a seedling density of 1,480 per hectare. Only about 40 percent of the area is productive with the starch productivity of 7 tons per hectare per year, because of the number of sago crops that are harvestable but not harvested so that they are damaged. This happens because the business and the raw material sources are at a great distance. Therefore, there is a need for business process re-engineering of sago to be more efficient and effective. By redesigning the sago rasper to fit into the truck and can be laid out with other tools. The method used in this research was parameter measurement technique of Quality Function Deployment (QFD), validity and reliability test, morphological chart then designed by using SolidWork software. There were 5 attributes used in QFD: safe, high productivity, strong, durable, and price. Eventually, virtual design of sago extraction tool in accordance with customer requirements and expert machining was designed and constructed. The benefits of the research for Sago flour business process are machine optimization, reduced labor, shorter production time and higher productivity.
Power Translations for Deterrence or Stimulation of Wheelie/Wheel-stand for a Straight Moving Vehicle
Authors: Singh Gursagar
Published: October 2018

The objective of this paper is to identify and study various factors which induce the possibility of wheelie/wheel-stand of a rear wheel drive vehicle. The purpose is to assist race and stunt drivers with a mathematical indicator (M) which could predict if a vehicle will undergo a wheel-stand or not, and if it will, what are the safe limits to avoid rollover and loss of control. The principle idea behind this research is that during a wheelie, the total power [P] supplied by an engine is utilized in uplifting [P1] and manoeuvring [P2] of the vehicle. After determining the coordinates of centre of gravity of the vehicle, P1 and P2 are calculated and on the basis of these values, factor of power translation [M] is calculated.
Numerical Simulation of the Motion of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Akimov Il’ya O. , Koryanov Vsevolod V.
Published: October 2018

Unmanned aerial vehicles are used for research in many areas: photography and video shooting and so on. The development of unmanned aerial vehicles is directly related to the development of airspace. Today, a mathematical model is required that would describe the movement of such an aircraft with the purpose of predicting, correcting and optimizing it. The paper presents the results of a study of the controlled motion of an unmanned multi-rotor aircraft using the example of a quadrocopter. The study included the development of a law governing the apparatus and its modeling in the form of a software package. The structure of the autopilot, its main contours and parameters of these circuits are considered. After determining the necessary characteristics of the autopilot, modeling of the controlled motion of the quadrocopter in the execution environment was carried out.
Protocols from periodic inspection of buildings in text mining analysis - advantages and problems of analysis
Authors: Gajzler Marcin
Published: October 2018

The article presents the problem of the analysis of post-inspection protocols of buildings in order to obtain the necessary data and information for the construction of a system supporting the technical management of residential buildings. The attention was primarily focused on the document itself - a protocol of control and automated technique of obtaining data and information from this document - text mining technique. Problems appearing in the analysis and the potential for their removal were indicated. The conclusions formulated relate to improvement of the process of conducting the review and formulating the post-control protocol in the aspect of its use in automated data collection and information transfer involving state of buildings.
Assessment of temperature susceptibility for rubber granulate modified road asphalt binders considering impact of aging
Authors: Słowik Mieczysław , Wiśniewski Damian , Bilski Marcin , Mielczarek Marta
Published: October 2018

The article presents the results of research on temperature sensitivity of ground rubber modified asphalt binders. The tests were performed for 50/70 penetration grade road bitumen and two kinds of granulated rubber: activated and inactivated. Such parameters of asphalt binders as: penetration, softening point, dynamic shear modulus and phase angle have been determined and on this basis the temperature susceptibility of the reference bitumen and asphalt binders modified by activated and inactivated rubber have been determined. All the tests were carried out for three observation levels: without aging and after aging simulations carried out by RTFOT and PAV methods. The tests revealed that addition of granulated rubber has a positive influence on asphalt binder properties, even after the aging process, causing an increase in the softening point and a decrease in penetration and the phase angle of asphalt binder. Asphalt binders obtained in result of modification by addition of rubber show smaller temperature susceptibility than the reference bitumen (without addition of rubber). Also, a positive impact of aging on the temperature susceptibility was observed for the investigated binders.
Design of a low-cost loading/unloading mechanism for processing stations in an automated production environment
Authors: Egger Georg , Riedl Michael , Rauch Erwin , Matt Dominik T.
Published: October 2018

A loading/unloading mechanism was designed using the axiomatic design method. The mechanism is a standardized part of a smart factory currently implemented at Fraunhofer Italia research institute on behalf of the DeConPro research project, and as such is specified to fit any processing station. The mechanism is used in conjunction with an automated transport system, which carries standardized transport boxes on rails. The transport systems stop at the processing stations and shall be grabbed by the mechanism subject of this publication and dragged into the processing station, where. Also, the transport boxes must be fixed onto the shuttles of the transport system avoiding drops while moving, which is also part of the design exercise. Inside the processing station, the transport boxes shall be further movable in both directions perpendicular to the direction of the mechanism movement. The mechanism shall build compact especially in depth, and shall also be optimised in cost, as it is a recurring item in all processing stations. The resulting FR/DP decomposition lead to an decoupled design matrix up to second level, which allowed for choosing the right engineering sequence of the functions. The axiomatic design procedure helped considerably in finding the best concept for holding and handling the box. The further engineering steps benefit also considerably by the anticipated trade-off between alternatives for actuator types.
Application of Axiomatic Design for the Design of a Safe Collaborative Human-Robot Assembly Workplace
Authors: Gualtieri Luca , Rauch Erwin , Rojas Rafael , Vidoni Renato , Matt Dominik T.
Published: October 2018

In the context of the Industry 4.0 wave, which is currently making its way into production engineering research, human robot collaboration is also a very important topic. With new technologies and ever more intelligent control systems for machines and robots, the cooperation between human and machine has become easier. In the smart factory of the future, robots are working hand in hand with people and support them, when their assistance is needed. However, the implementation of such collaborative human-robot workplaces is not so easy in practice. The design of collaborative workplaces also presents completely new challenges in terms of safety of the worker. Such a complex problem requires a systematic and structured approach for concept design, in order to avoid loops in the design stage or even worse during implementation. The research team therefore uses a laboratory case study to show how Axiomatic Design can be used as a method to design collaborative human-robot workstations. First, functional requirements for such workplaces are defined. Based on the functional requirements, the design parameters are derived by using the Axiomatic Design mapping and decomposition process. The result is a concept study for a collaborative workplace in the laboratory environment based on Axiomatic Design.
Application of Axiomatic Design principles in conceptual design
Authors: Delaš Josipa , Škec Stanko , Štorga Mario
Published: October 2018

The main objective of this paper is to propose a modified methodology for concept evaluation by applying Axiomatic Design principles. Several drawbacks were recognised during the literature review and application of established Axiomatic Design principles that limit its use for concept evaluation. These drawbacks include the lack of analysis of concepts that violate the Independence Axiom, the application to concepts that are not generated with Axiomatic Design and inclusion of constraints and requirements in the evaluation process. The proposed methodology consists of four steps of which the first one is to analyse the compliance of concepts with a set of functional requirements. Afterwards, to determine the possible violation of the Independence Axiom, non-diagonal elements need to be examined and reangularity and semiangularity values calculated for each concept. Finally, concepts are evaluated in terms of Information Axiom to include requirements, criteria and constraints other than functional requirements. Applying Information Axiom to all concepts regardless of Independence Axiom violation provides insight into the complexity of concepts. The proposed methodology was applied to mobility scooter conceptual design conducted in cooperation with an industrial partner. The partner company provided input and system constraints at the beginning of the project and guidelines for concept development. Constraints were taken into consideration by applying the Information Axiom in which constraints are compared with values measured on prototypes.
Guiding Manufacturing Enterprises to Achieve Long-Term Business Sustainability Using the Collective System Design Approach
Authors: Shah Shahab A. , Smith Joseph J. , Cochran David S.
Published: October 2018

This paper addresses several issues discovered by working with different industries attempting to sustain their business enterprise and to become “Lean.” The three key points addressed by the paper are: 1) Designing a new system or re-designing an existing system should focus on collecting a complete set of customer needs and deriving functional requirements from those needs. 2) Illustrating the path-dependency or sequence of implementation of Physical Solutions (PSs) to achieve Functional Requirements (FRs) of partially coupled designs. 3) Lean is not what we implement as a system, rather lean is what we become as a result of meeting customer needs with the utilization of the least amount of resources possible in a sustained manner. When lean is viewed as a set of tools to implement, the people in an enterprise will face ever-increasing diffculty in long-term business sustainability. The primary problems arise early in the design/re-design phase due to the lack of a clear set of system functional requirements. Without clearly defined system FRs, driven by recognizing customer needs/concerns, an enterprise will implement point solutions in an attempt to improve part(s) of a system. The Manufacturing System Design Decomposition (MSDD), a product of Axiomatic Design (AD), illustrates the path-dependency among the solutions of the associated requirements of any manufacturing facility. The MSDD provides a system-wide view and a clear sequence for system design implementation. The Collective System Design approach is discussed to provide the steps for senior leadership to re-design an existing system or to design a new system that results in long-term sustainability and become “lean.”
An axiomatic approach to a cork granulation facility design
Authors: Martins Diogo , Fradinho João , Cavique Miguel , Gabriel-Santos António , Martinho Alberto , Mourão António
Published: October 2018

In the conceptual step of any industrial design, there is a considerable amount of decisions that directly affect the quality of the final product. These decisions are often made with lack of knowledge about the subjects, limitative trains of thought and repetition of traditional solutions. The present paper is focused on the use of Axiomatic Design in the design of a cork granulation industrial plant, with a particular emphasis on the Independence Axiom. An innovative design solution was made, aiming to reduce or overcome the current issues and to reevaluate many of the decisions made in the past. In this study, some parts of the production process were analysed. The verified lack of independency gave rise to new design solutions and consequently to a better production process.
Hubcap and ignition switch designs - case studies in Independence Axiom
Authors: Oh Hilario (Larry)
Published: October 2018

Independence Axiom offers designers a guide to good design. It declares that the design parameters (DPs) conceived for a good design must maintain the independence of the design functional requirements (FRs). Specifically, by relating FRs to DPs through a design matrix [DM] with elements ∂FRi/∂DPj, Independence Axiom declares that only designs with diagonal or triangular design matrix can maintain the functional independence of FRs; and that they should be the only acceptable ones.

Starting with the formal definition of functional independence, we derive the criterion for functional independence of FRs as the Jacobian determinant | J | ≠ 0; where the Jacobian matrix [ J ] is shown to be identically equal to [DM]. We further show that if and only if | J | ≠ 0 can the design FRs achieve their target values. Thus the criterion | J | ≠ 0 substantiates the declaration of Independence Axiom since determinant of a diagonal or triangular design matrix is not equal to zero. It serves as the mathematical basis for teaching and implementing Independence Axiom in design.

Two case studies are presented to illustrate the implementation of Independence Axiom via the Jacobian determinant | J |.