bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT AND CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
Authors: Anyadighibe Dr. Joseph A. , Etuk Dr. Aniebiet , Edim Eka James  , Okpetim Bassey Egbai
Published: March 2022

This study examined the influence of celebrity endorsement on consumer buying behaviour towards telecommunication services. It sought to determine the influences of celebrity credibility, celebrity attractiveness and celebrity popularity on consumer buying behaviour towards telecommunication services. Exploratory research design was adopted. Primary data were obtained from 133 telecommunication service subscribers using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression was adopted for hypotheses testing. The study found that celebrity popularity (? = .430; p-value = 0.000 < 0.05) had the highest significant positive influence on consumer buying behaviour towards telecommunication services, followed by celebrity credibility (? = .357; p-value = 0.000 < 0.05) and celebrity attractiveness (? = .215; p-value = 0.002 < 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that celebrity endorsement has a significant positive influence on consumer buying behaviour in the context of telecommunication services. Consequently, pertinent recommendations were made for possible implementation by industry practitioners.
Keywords: Celebrity Endorsement, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Telecommunications, Consumer Persuasion Model
IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY FOR HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS GOODS IN THE EFFORT TO ACHIEVE THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF RO-RO SHIPS IN TANJUNG SILVER UTAMA KESYAHBANDARAN
Authors: Rifai  , Lilik E Mas Roro , Suhardono Edi
Published: March 2022

North Jamrud Terminal, Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya, has an operating function to accommodate passengers who will carry out embarkation/debarkation activities and coordinate vehicles that will get on or off the ship. Some of the areas that are the destination and origin of shipping services at the Gapura Surya Nusantara Passenger Terminal include Banjarmasin, Makasar, Maumere, Batulicin, Tanjung Priok, Benoa, Sampit, Kumai, Balikpapan, Waingapu, Sorong, Manokwari, Ende and several other cities.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the Pilot Assessment and Vessel Verification Policy as a Guiding Assistance Facility at the Tanjung Perak Surabaya Main Harbormaster Office to the supporting and supporting factors.,

This qualitative research explores Policy, Handling of Dangerous Goods, Safety and Security of RO-RO (Roll On-Roll Off) Ships using Van Mater and Van Horn's theory of policy implementation. Collecting data in this study using interviews, documentation and observation. The results obtained are then collected, reduced, presented and conclusions drawn.

The results obtained are RO-RO (Roll On Roll Off) Ship Transportation is very much needed by all people in various parts of Indonesia, but in its operation there are still many obstacles that must be aware of. Starting from the results of the investigation by the KNKT (National Committee for Transportation Safety) the RO-RO (Roll On-Roll Off) ship accident caught fire from the Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya in the middle of the sea, from 2011 to 2019 as many as 5 ships indicated that they came from loaded trucks contained cargo of dangerous goods. Due to weak supervision of cargo of dangerous goods due to inadequate facilities and infrastructure, namely not having an early detection device (Xray), making it difficult for officers. Regarding the problem of the policy of handling dangerous goods cargo at the Tanjung Perak Main Harbor, it seems that it is not fully implemented, so that if it refers to the Van Metter and Van Horn theories, that the current conditions are policies for handling dangerous goods cargoes in an effort to realize the safety and security of RO-Ships. RO (Roll On-Roll Off) has not been fulfilled properly.

Keywords: Policy, Handling, Cargo, Goods, Dangerous.
Nehcü’l-Belȃğa’da Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s.) Tasavvuru
Authors: Metin İsmail
Published: March 2022

Nehcü’l-Belâğa (البلاغة نهج), Şerîf er-Radî (ö. 406/1016) tarafından yazıldığı kabul gören edebî eserlerden biridir. Bu kaynak, Hz. Ali’ye atfedilen hutbe, konuşma, vasiyet, mektup, emirnâme ve veciz sözleri ihtiva etmesi bakımından hem Sünnî hem de Şiî inanç kesimleri tarafından önemli görülmüştür. Hz. Ali’ye nispet edilen bu eserde siyasî, idarî, askerî, dinî, ahlakî ve daha pek çok konuda insanlara tavsiye ve uyarılarda bulunulmuştur. Bu eserde, çocukluktan itibaren Hz. Peygamber’in yanında büyümüş olan Hz. Ali’nin, Hz. Peygamber’e bakış açısı, onu örnek alması ve konuşmalarında ondan bahsetmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Özellikle Alevî telakki ile birlikte Hz. Ali ve Ehl-i Beyt’e dair özdeyişlerde Hz. Muhammed algısı açısından bu eser önemlidir. Bu makalede, “Nehcü’l-Belâğa’da Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s.) Tasavvuru” konusu ele alınmaktadır.
Educación financiera y endeudamiento por uso de las tarjetas de crédito de los clientes de Plaza vea – Perú
Authors: Álvarez Avad Nita , Braiz Panduro Cecilia , Pizzán Tomanguillo Sandra Lucero , Villafuerte de la Cruz Avelino Sebastián
Published: March 2022

La investigación “Educación financiera y endeudamiento por uso de las tarjetas de crédito de los clientes de Plaza vea” tuvo como propósito determinar la relación entre la educación financiera y el endeudamiento por uso de las tarjetas de crédito de los clientes de Plaza Vea. Investigación correlacional con diseño no experimental de corte transversal de enfoque cuantitativo, conformada por 306 clientes a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario. La conclusión fue: El nivel de educación financiera de los clientes de Plaza Vea es bajo en un 48%, medio en un 39% y alto en un 13%; el nivel de endeudamiento de los clientes es bajo en un 17%, medio en un 31% y alto en un 52%, la relación entre las dimensiones de la educación financiera y el endeudamiento es significativa debido a que la significancia fue 0,005, 0,005, 0,015 y 0,001 con un nivel de correlación de Rho Spearman de 0,159; 0,159; 0,102 y 0,184. La relación entre la educación financiera y el endeudamiento por uso de las tarjetas de crédito de los clientes de Plaza Vea es significativa porque la significancia alcanzada fue 0,017 con un nivel de correlación de ,136 (correlación positiva muy baja).
Validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory versión española en una población multiocupacional ecuatoriana
Authors: Calle Cabezas Ruth , Aguirre Pluas Clemencia Magdalena , Calle Cabezas Jimmy Abraham , Izquierdo Cevallos Daniel Rolando
Published: March 2022

Aplicar test psicométrico en contextos culturales nuevos, implica realizar la validación de los mismos para comprobar la confiabilidad de los resultados en ese contexto. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la validez y confiabilidad de las propiedades psicométricas del Maslach Burnout Inventory, para ello se utilizó el IBM SPSS versión 25, con el cual se procesó la data, la misma que consta de 417 personas obtenida a través de una encuentra en línea. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la muestra, resultados de alfa de Cronbach, análisis factorial para verificar la validez y confiabilidad del test en el contexto ecuatoriano. Como resultado de este estudio se obtuvo una consistencia interna en las variables que fueron objeto de medición, por lo que, el Maslach Burnout Inventory es válido y fiable para su aplicación en el contexto ecuatoriano.
Pistas temporales para repensar el proceso descolonizador americano. El caso cubano. 1810-1868
Authors: Alfaro Velázquez Roide Orlando , Chinea Franco Asnety
Published: March 2022

El escenario de la “independencia americana” provocó una separación evidente entre los destinos del continente y las posesiones de Ultramar. Las primeras regiones lograron librarse del yugo europeo, pero no lograr su independencia, como ha sostenido Immanuel Wallerstein. Las segundas, salvo Haití, mantuvieron su condición colonial. La cercanía con la metrópoli sobre las bases de una lealtad interesada, convirtieron a la mayor de las Antillas en su más fiel aliada en medio del grito descolonizador americano. La clase hegemónica cubana radicada en la porción occidental de Cuba, catapultó su centralidad y se abocó a la revolución azucarera que condujo a Cuba a los vaivenes del mercado mundial y a condenar a la inoperancia cualquier empeño revolucionario anterior a 1868. Corresponde entonces reflexionar sobre esos factores y peculiaridades geográficas, militares, políticas, culturales, económicas y sociales, que hicieron valedoras a Cuba de su condición de fidelidad o, hasta qué punto, esa cercanía con la metrópoli estuvo atravesada por fuertes intereses de la clase hegemónica cubana radicada en la Cuba A que retrasaron la opción bélica por más de cuatro décadas.
Sistema de control interno y su influencia en la rentabilidad de la empresa “Mi negocio E.I.R.L”, Perú
Authors: Fonseca Pérez Mayda Thalía
Published: March 2022

La investigación tuvo como objetivo Determinar la influencia de un Sistema de control interno en la rentabilidad. Investigación de tipo aplicada y diseño no experimental. La población estuvo compuesta por 30 empleados, a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario con base en escala de cinco niveles de medición.  Los resultados demuestran que existen diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en los niveles de control interno sobre la influencia en la rentabilidad, donde predomina en mayor porcentaje el nivel de control interno deficiente (70.0%) y con bajo porcentaje el nivel de Control interno eficiente (30.0%) resultados que son estadísticamente significativos, con un nivel de significancia de 0,028 lo que indica un 95.0% de confiabilidad, según la aplicación de la prueba estadística Chi-Cuadrado para la bondad de ajuste, concluyendo que el Sistema de control interno influye de manera positiva en la rentabilidad, debido a que se encontró una baja en la rentabilidad comparándolo con el año anterior, debido al deficiente Control interno, para ello se propuso un Sistema de Control Interno que mejorará la rentabilidad de la empresa Mi Negocio EIRL.
Influencia del entorno familiar en el desarrollo de la personalidad de los homosexuales declarados voluntariamente
Authors: Calle Cordero Allyson , Catute Steven Franco , Cordero Alvarado Narcisa , Arias Macías Lissette
Published: March 2022

El proceso de revelación de la homosexualidad es un acontecimiento que desequilibra la dinámica familiar y produce cambios en el individuo que pueden afectar su bienestar y salud mental cuando se presenta rechazo, violencia o cualquier tipo de agresión. Ante ello se propone como objetivo de investigación determinar la influencia del entorno familiar en el desarrollo de la personalidad de los homosexuales declarados voluntariamente, para lo cual se cuenta con la participación de 80 estudiantes de la Universidad Estatal de Milagro, de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Educación Comercial y Derecho durante el año 2019, tanto hombres y mujeres, homosexuales y heterosexuales. Así, el diseño investigativo se caracterizó por ser descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, mediante una encuesta de 10 preguntas vía digital. Los resultados demostraron que, desde su percepción, la familia influye en el desarrollo de la personalidad y que la gran mayoría de homosexuales que se declaran voluntariamente, afrontan esta situación en contexto marcado por el rechazo y discriminación debido a influencia del constructo social y pensamientos tradicionalistas.
Consumer Data Protection and Privacy: A Proposal For a New Law and an Independent Agency
Authors: Bernstein Suzanne
Published: March 2022

From social media to banking and healthcare, online services increasingly pervade the everyday lives of American consumers. Currently, there is no comprehensive federal regulation to ensure personal data privacy and protection, and consumers have no ownership rights over their personal data. There are various information and sector specific privacy laws, enforced by multiple agencies with overlapping jurisdiction. Moreover, without a principal federal law, many states have developed their own data privacy regulations. Not only is this collective scheme ineffective for American consumers, but it is also an inefficient form of government regulation and makes compliance difficult. This Note proposes creating the Consumer Data Privacy and Protection Bureau, an independent agency that would consolidate jurisdiction for efficient and effective regulation through a consumer protection framework. It would be created through a new law, the Data Privacy and Protection Act. In addition to creating the Consumer Data Privacy and Protection Bureau, this baseline, comprehensive federal legislation would provide basic data rights to consumers, and ease compliance for companies in the United States and abroad. With bipartisan support and an increasingly digital society, this type of reform is realistic, necessary, and timely.
Eğitim Kurumlarında Örgütsel Adalet Kavramının İncelenmesi
Authors: Tek Erbil
Published: March 2022

The concept of organizational justice constitutes the whole of the perception of justice regarding the social and physical events that occur in the working life of the employees. This perception, which first emerged with Adams' theory of equality, is related to the effects on work efficiency as a result of the idea of equality that individuals feel by comparing themselves with their colleagues in the work environment. The effect of a fair business environment on employees and the relationship with all other criteria are investigated. Organizational justice describes the thoughts of those present in the organization about being treated fairly. Whether this perception is positive or negative affects many situations in the organization. The idea of the existence of justice in organizations is an important criterion for managers in revealing organizational goals. Key words: Educational Institutions, Organizational Justice, Organizational Injustice
Öğretmenlerde Mesleki Tükenmişlik Probleminin İncelenmesi
Authors: Kaynar Serkan
Published: March 2022

When the international and national literature is examined, it is seen that many studies have been conducted on the dimensions of the conceptual framework of teacher burnout. There is an increasing number of studies investigating the theoretical projections of the concepts of burnout, professional burnout and professional burnout in teachers, and this situation constitutes one of the focus of attention of the academic community. The aim of this study is to examine the conceptual framework of teacher burnout in our country's education system and to examine the studies conducted in parallel with this subject in the literature. is to comprehensively examine the factors affecting its cause and extent. In this context, it is expected that the study will contribute to both international and national literature. Keywords: Burnout, Professional Burnout, Teacher Profession.
Küreselleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Bir Analiz
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Prof. Dr. Feride , KILIÇ Mert
Published: March 2022

This study aims to test the relationship between globalization and economic growth in Turkey for the period 1980-2018 using the Toda-Yamamoto causality approach. Toda-Yamamoto causality test results indicated a unidirectional causality running from trade globalization to economic growth, unidirectional from economic growth to financial globalization, bidirectional between information globalization and economic growth, unidirectional from political globalization to economic growth, and unidirectional from economic growth to general globalization. No causality relationship was found between economic globalization and economic growth, social globalization and economic growth, interpersonal globalization and economic growth and cultural globalization and economic growth. Keywords: Globalization, Economic growth, KOF, Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test
The Puzzle of Informational Efficiency & Macroeconomic Variables: A Comparative Evidence in Shari’ah Stock Markets of Pakistan viz-a-viz Malaysia
Authors: Shehryar Muhammad , Qamar Abbas  , Muhammad Nouman Anser  , Kashif Raza
Published: March 2022

The present study examines the weak-form informational efficiency of the Shari’ah stock market of Pakistan and Malaysia. For this purpose, the study uses the daily index price data of the KSE Meezan Index (Pakistan) & FTSE Malaysia EMAS Shariah Index (Malaysia) for the time span starting from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2019. By employing a more robust test namely Automatic Portmanteau Test (AQ Test) through testing the Martingale Difference Hypothesis, this study finds that KSE Meezan Index (KMI-30) was informationally efficient (weak-form) whereas FTSE Malaysia EMAS Shariah Index was not weak-form of efficient. Further, this research investigates the long-run relationship viz-a-viz short-run relationship among the returns of both Islamic stock markets and three macroeconomic variables (Exchange Rate, Inflation Rate, Interest Rate) of both said countries. In this connection, this study employs the Philips-Perron Test for stationary analysis, Johansen co-integration test, Vector Error Correction Model on the monthly time series data for the same said sample period. The statistical findings show that returns of both Shari’ah stock markets have a long-run association with said macroeconomic variables and have the co-integration or long-term association with long-run causality running from macroeconomic variables to the return of the Islamic stock market in both sample countries but the short-run association viz-a-viz short-run causality is not found.
The Impact of Indirect Competition on Bank Net Interest Margins: Microfinance Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Mohammad Khalil Ullah , Adnan Noor Ul Haya
Published: March 2022

The study aims to investigate the impact of growth in microfinance initiatives on the net interest margins of commercial banks in Pakistan. Using data from the world bank MIX database and Thomson Reuters, we conducted a GLS random effect estimation on an unbalanced panel of Pakistani banks from 2010 to 2018. We find that credit quality, solvency, bank size, earning asset diversification, and market concentration impact banks' net interest margins. In addition, we find growth in development finance institutions to significantly affects commercial bank margins. Microfinance institutional growth is found to reduce net interest margins. Besides microfinance institutions, the growth of specialised microfinance banks is also found to impact the spread negatively. This indirect effect may be evidence of the improved efficiency derived from higher competition or the fact that microfinance institutions may be using conventional banks as a permanent source of funds to become financially sustainable. The role of microfinance growth is not considered in literature since microfinance institutions are very different from conventional banks regarding lending volume and size. This study contributes to the existing theoretical and empirical literature on net interest margins by showing a positive role of indirect competition on banks' net interest margins. Therefore, policymaking focusing on improving conditions that enhance competition to bring bank spreads closer to regional levels may be needed.
Utilizing Nanotechnology to Solve Drilling Problems in Iraqi Oil Fields
Authors: Hamza Sarah hakim , Mahmood Nazik N. , Mohammed Sinan I. , Khaleel Shatha F.
Published: March 2022

Nanotechnology is a recent technology which is used in all industry sectors. In the oil and gas industry, this technology is commonly used due to its importance in solving the problems encountered while drilling operations and production stages. Nanotechnology can be used to improve the drilling process by adding nano-materials to drilling fluids in order to reduce drilling problems. This research is extended to previous research that published in journal of petroleum research and studies to compared the effect of nano-materials [Commercial nano-materials Multi Walled Carbone Nano Tube (MWCNT) and nano silicon oxide (SiO2) with nano-silica (rice husks, that prepared in PRDC labs) on water base drilling mud properties].

All characterization tests were achieved by the Nanotechnology and advanced materials researches center it is belongs to the University of Technology. The investigated properties of drilling mud included rheological properties and filtration. All tests are conducted according to API specifications (American Petroleum Institute).

The results show an improvement in the rheological properties (plastic viscosity, yield point, apparent viscosity and gel strength) and filtration after adding the commercial MWCNT, nano silicon dioxide(Sio2) and the prepared nano-silica (rice husks) to the water based mud. The results of plastic viscosity of MWCNT,Sio2 and nano silica(rice husks) are 12,20,8 cp after adding 0.7 gm to the water base mud while the amount of filter is 11.8 ml after adding nano particle size of MWCNT , nanoSio2 and 11.6 after adding nano silica(rice husks). The prepared nano silica (rice husks) gave results similar to the results of the commercial nano silicon dioxide (SiO2). Therefore, using of nano silica (rice husks) can be cost effective due to producing these materials locally instead of using the commercial nano SiO2.
Appraisal Well Design in "X" Oil Field
Authors: Mohammed Sinan I. , Sraud Hayder A. , Radhi Ali G. , Azeez Samer W.
Published: March 2022

The selection of casing depths and casing design are considered one of the most critical steps in the well construction process. Inaccurate selection of casing setting depths and casing design can result in many challenges, long time and hence high well costs.

"X" oil field was taken as a case study. There is only the exploration well X-1 drilled up to date. The 20˝ surface casing was relatively long because it was set at the top of Dammam Formation. That means deep surface hole, long trip time, large amount of mud, long surface casing, large amount of cement and hence high cost. Also, Hartha Formation was not evaluated because it is isolated with the 13 3/8" & 9 5/8" casing and the perforation through two casing was not available. Another problem, the 9 5/8˝ production casing damaged at the depth 32 m due to failure of tolerating the axial forces before or after the cement job.

All data was inputted into the Landmark software to simulate the well. It was found that the surface casing can be set at the top of Lower Faris Formation instead of Dammam Formation. Also, The Hartha Formation can be drilled in the 12 ¼ ˝ hole and isolated by 9 5/8˝ casing instead of drilling it in the 17 ½ ˝ hole and isolating it by the 13 3/8˝ casing. It was also found that the 9 5/8˝ production casing can withstand all loads by selecting casing with higher weight.

The cost of the modified design was also checked to study the feasibility of the modified design. It was concluded that the modified design can save around 300,000 USD for each well comparing with the design of well X-1.

It is recommended to apply this design on the appraisal well to be drilled. If the design shows no problems, it can be considered the optimum design of appraisal and development wells to be drilled in the future. Also, the slim-hole design can be studied and an economic feasibility comparison can be made with the current and the proposed design in this study.
A Review of the Geothermal Potential Hot Spots in Iraq Using Geophysics Methods
Authors: Salloom Alaa H. , Abdulrazzaq Omar A. , Sadoon Sahar , Abdulnaby Wathiq G.
Published: March 2022

This review introduces the concept of geothermal energy and the technologies used to harvest this sustainable and clean source. Geothermal systems were explained in details in the review. They were classified into two major types, steam cycle and binary cycle. The steam cycle is always used at higher enthalpy, and a binary cycle is used at low enthalpy. The power generation methods used to produce geothermal power from geothermal resources, typically, comprises of well production, injection and steam and gas separators, heat exchangers, preheaters, turbines and condenser. The steam cycle type allows the water to evaporate and the steam will be separated from brine solution and expanded in a turbine, generally the salty water will have discarded out of system, or it is flashed again at lower system part. Power generation methods were divided into single Flash Steam Plant, Double Flash Steam Plant, and Dry Steam Plant. The components of the geothermal power plant were elucidated, namely, feed pump, heat exchanger, preheater, evaporator, turbine, and condenser. After surveying the geothermal energy worldwide briefly, the Iraqi geothermal energy was introduced. Thermal gradient in Iraqi tectonic zone was analyzed. There is a very limited available literature on Iraq geothermal. However, we were able to analyze the geothermal temperature gradient in Iraq by dividing it into two regions; the northern Iraq, and the southern Iraq. Our analysis shows that Iraq is a poor zone for geothermal with no significant hot spots all over the country. However, low temperature applications can be invested using the exhausted petroleum wells.
Evaluation of oil reservoir of Hartha Formation in Y and J field, North Iraq
Authors: Al-hadidy Aboosh H. , Nasser Medhat E. , Nooralddin Amel K. , Qadhi Adnan
Published: March 2022

Afield development plan (FDP)  of the Y and J oil fields for cretaceous reservoir (Harth Formation) evaluation and the production of hydrocarbons in the near future in two Y and J oil fields.

Open hole logs namely (Gamma ray, Resistivity, Sonic, Caliper and Density) logs were used to determine petrophysical parameters. The parameters determined are; volume of shale, porosity, water saturation, irreducible water saturation and bulk volume of water. The thickness of the reservoir varies between (40 and 120) m. Determining the porosity depending on the porosity of the log (16-28)%  and core  Average porosity (18-37)% values vary between; generally decreasing with depth. Average porosity 33.3%.test is flow crude oil 1000 bll /d.in J field basically water saturation calculation5-16%. And oil saturation (90-80) % and the oil were carried out at a rate of 1000 barrels / day in the complete test of well Y. The amount of the original oil storage OOIP (1039 * 10^6) standard cubic meters.

This study provides an insight into reservoir quality prediction in the study area and other carbonate reservoirs undergone different the development of Hartha reservoir in south Mosul north Iraq as a new reservoirs in the study as Tertiary reservoir  producing as old  degassing stations enabling facilities from the 1950s are being" surface facility", This study's aimed at making available petrophysical data the computer processed interpretation(CPI) for Hartha reservoir.
Simulation of a Perforated Vertical Wellbore with Near Wall Porous Media Effect
Authors: Mohammed Haider S. , Sultan Hussein S. , Khazal Emad A.
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to predict the effect of porous media permeability and perforations parameters on the pressure drop and productivity index, for the perforated vertical wellbore with six perforations and for two phase angles. The first 60ᵒ phase angle with helical distribution and the second 180ᵒ phase angle with normal distribution. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software has been used to simulate a model of 3-D turbulent fluid flow with stander k−∈, steady-state, and single phase. The effect of the permeability of porous media, inlet mass flow rate from porous media, perforations length, and diameter of perforations are studied, for two cases of the phase angles. The results of this study show that, the pressure drop decreases with increasing permeability pf porous media, so the productivity index increasing. Also, increase of inlet mass flow rate from porous media causing an increase in the pressure drop. The perforations length has a few effects on the pressure drop and productivity index, while the diameter of perforations has a greater effect on the pressure drop.
Evaluation of Carbonate Formation using both Gas While Drilling and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Log (Case study, An Oilfield Southern Iraq)
Authors: Al-Ali Muslim , Albaaj Hussein
Published: March 2022

Two wells close to each other (Well A and Well B) have been selected from the same oilfield in southern Iraq. Both wells were drilled through the Mishrif Reservoir, however, perforated within different sub-units. It was observed that one of the wells shows obvious flow naturally while the other did not notice any kind of flow.

The type of hydrocarbon interpretation by Gas while drilling method (GWD), the results confirmed that both of these wells were located in oil-bearing reservoir with comparable gas profiles.

However, petrophysical properties of the pore distribution and permeability using Neutron Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data in Techlog identified key differences in rock quality between the wells across the perforated intervals.

Reservoir quality reveal very wide differences in performance in spite of both wells are penetrating the oil bearing layers within Mishrif reservoir.

Keywords: Carbonate Formation, Gas While Drilling (GWD), NMR Log.
Studying the Effect of Installing New Three Phase Separator on the Stabilization of Degassing Station
Authors: Al-Ali Hussein
Published: March 2022

The current work, studied the effect of replacing the existing two phase separator by three phase vessel on the off- specification quality for the produced oil. The true vapor pressure is set as the main criteria for the quality of product for an existing plant by using Aspen Hysys V9. To guarantee the process simulation is represent the real plant under operations, a comparative study was conducted between the simulation results and the plant data where it was a closely match with actual data to indicate that the simulation is a powerful tool, and it can be used for predicting the actual results. The existing plant operates with base sediment and water ratio no more than 15% while the studies expect to increase this ratio to 60% in future, for that this work is carried out by using Aspen Hysys V9.0 software to study the manipulating of different operating parameters such as dry oil flow rate, base sediments and water ratio, inlet temperature and the pressure of three phase vessel on the quality of product in term of TVP off-specification. By changing the different operating conditions, it has been found that the value of the true vapor pressure for the produced crude oil is less than 14 Psia/ 96.53 kPa. The obtained results conclude that the replacing of two phase separator by three phase vessel has no significant impacts on the true vapor pressure for the produced crude oil. The operating pressure for the three phase separator is revised and calculated where it is increased from 1176.8 kPa to 1330 kPa.
Fabrication of a Gas Sensor from Thin Films of Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Use in Oil Refineries
Authors: Jebur Khalid. H.
Published: March 2022

In this research, the structural and sensitivity properties of the toxic gases of films tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles prepared by the pulsed laser deposition method were manufactured and studied using a Nd:YAG laser. To show the effect of different temperatures (400, 600 and 800 oC) on films deposited on quartz substrate for all samples.  The results of X-Ray diffraction (XRD) showed that all the thin films have polycrystalline structure and have a peak direction (010) for all samples, and that increasing the temperature led to an increase in the particle size. The decrease in the values ​​of the full width and half maximum (FWHM) of the films (WO3) for (010) modes from 0.19 to 0.14 with increasing temperature. The nature of the topography of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which proved that the films grown in this way have good crystallization and have a homogeneous surface. The root mean square (RMS) values ​​of the tungsten oxide nanoparticles (WO3) increases with increasing temperature. When measuring the sensitivity of tungsten oxide nanoparticles (WO3) to (CO, NH3 and NO2) gases, it was found that the films have good sensitivity to these gases at room temperature (RT), and it was the best sensitivity of the films is at a temperature of (800 oC) as follows: CO gas (81%), NH3 gas (84%) and NO2 gas (100%) .All studies have shown that tungsten oxide (WO3) has the ability to detect toxic gases, such as (CO, NH3 and NO2), which have an detrimental effect on workers in oil refineries. The films of tungsten oxide (WO3) is used in themanufacture of gas sensors that can be used inthese refineries, and when the temperature increases, it becomes more sensitive to gases (CO, NH3, NO2).
Synthesized and Characterization TiO2-AlLiH4 Nanostructure for Photocatalytic Activity Application for Removal the Residue of Hydrocarbons in Environment
Authors: Al Salih Moatasem , Abed Riyad E.
Published: March 2022

The novel approach includes The sol-gel technique was used to make titanium dioxide nanoparticles and then for photodegradation Benz[a]anthracene a crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, as a trial sample of the residue of hydrocarbons in environments close to oil refining facilities and oil fields, methods, the bandgap was modified by solid-state reaction with Lithium aluminium hydride (AlLiH4) reductive compounds.  The optical properties were measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Absorbance (A), energy bandgap (Eg), and absorption coefficient (α). TiO2 and TiO2- solid-state reaction showed a clear blue shift of the absorption bandgap which were (2.8ev, 2.7ev, 2.25ev, 2.0ev) to) TiO2, calcination TiO2-AlLiH4 (500C°) then TiO2 -AlLiH4 (750 C°)) respectively. The structure of prepared TiO2 Nanopowders was identified using XRD, Distribution of particle size varied significantly compared to the Sheerer formulation predicted crystallite size (D). which was in a good accordant compared with ASTM results, the particle size and their distribution were characterized using (AFM). To the surface forms and compositions diameters of nanoparticles) SEM) was implemented. The microanalysis of energy scattering X-ray (EDX) was used to examine the chemical makeup of the entire samples. Using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the photocatalytic response was examined. The photocatalyst impact on the benz[a]anthracene decomposition rate by using catalyst TiO2- and solid-state (TiO2-NaBH4 (550,750)) and (TiO2-AlLiH4 (500,750 C°). A photocatalytic effect is the catalyst's influence on the catalyst. Using the constant weight of the catalyst and benz[a]anthracene The most effective weight was found (1*10-4 M).
Synthesis of an Odorant Substance for Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a Substitute for Thiophene (Tetrahydrothiophene)
Authors: Swaid Muhannad Abdulkareem , Abdel Reda Zeina , Allawi Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Tetrahydrothiophene (C4H8S) is used as an odorant for liquid gas (LPG).the Tetrahydrothiophene acts as an alarm when a leak occurs in liquid petroleum gas (LPG) bottles at a gas filling and distribution company. where it is added at a concentration of (20PPM) to the liquefied gas.

This research includes the preparation of an alternative substance to (tetrahydrothiophene C4H8S). ethanethiol (C2H5SH), that is used as an odorant for gas leaks. It was prepared in the laboratory at the Petroleum Research and Development Center through the reaction of hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) with ethanol alcohol (C2H5OH) in the presence of a catalyst (Gama alumina) .at a temperature of (350-400 °C) using the reactor or the system that was manufactured Inside the petroleum research and development center.

The prepared substance was identified using various techniques including the (FT-IR) technique to identify the functional groups. In FTIR the thiol group (SH) clearly appeared at a frequency of (2500 cm-1) with the disappearance of the hydroxyl stretching band, which usually appears at a frequency of (3300Cm-1).

The density test for the prepared substance was also conducted using a digital density measuring device inside the laboratories of the petroleum Research and Development Center. The result was 0.8452 g/cm3 at the standard temperature (15.6 ○C).

The (GC-Mass) assay technique was also used, which is considered one of the most important identification tests and works to give the synthetic formula of the substance. A chart with the highest signal intensity was obtained, which is (62) that represents the molecular weight of the prepared substance ethanethiol (C2H5SH) according to what was extracted from the electronic library of the examination device.
Modeling & Simulation for West Qurna (Tuba-1) Cathodic Protection Design by using MATLAB Simulink
Authors: Abdulaaima Dhuha A. , Omara Waleed I. , Kadhim Raaed J. , Ibrahim Buthaina K. , Abdulkareem Mays M. , Shehadha Mohammed A.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

    This study focused on the two systems of Cathodic Protection, CP, (temporary (Sacrificial Anodes, SACP) & permanent (Impressed Current, ICCP) that were used to protect West Qurna (Tuba-1) crude oil pipeline42 in / Basrah Oil Company, BOC, from corrosion challenges.

Design Calculations for CP systems were achieved according to the standards of National Association of Corrosion Engineers, NACE. These calculations were simulated using Matlab –Simulink Software 2018. Then, the simulated design was converted to Graphical User Interface, GUI. This GUI allows the user to enter the design data & perform the calculation faster & more efficiently. Furthermore, GUI was converted into a dependent program by installing Matlab Runtime Installer which enables the execution of Matlab files on computer without installed version of Matlab.

The results showed that there was matching between the calculations of CP design & the simulated design. SACP demonstrated that 4 Mg anodes are required to protect 1 km of sec.1 of pipeline for 4 years period while 6 Mg anodes are required to protect 1 km of sec.2 for 11 years period. ICCP system for sec.1 of pipeline requires 4 magnetite anodes to supply 2.86 v by rectifier in accordance with horizontal bed resistance RH ≤ 1.5 Ω while sec.2 requires 25 magnetite anodes to supply 2.45 v by rectifier in accordance with vertical bed resistance Rv ≤ 1.5 Ω. The designed program proved that it was easy to install & efficient in making Calculations.

According to the above, this program can be adopted in prediction studies to know the design outputs (No. of anodes, required current for protection & voltage supplied by rectifier).
Effect of Glycolic Acid Ethoxylate Lauryl Ether (GAL) Surfactant Solutions among Low and High Concentrations on Drag Reduction to Progress Flow in the Pipeline Networks Using RDA
Authors: Alsaedi Sajda S. , Yousif Zainab , Alazzawi Sheymaa , Filip Peter
Published: March 2022

In the pipeline networks field, GAL surfactant can reduce drag forces relatively using a small quantity part per million (ppm). Accordingly, the drag reduction (DR) enhancement is highly recommended in many industrial applications specifically the crude oil transportation aspect. GAL solution was experimentally investigated at various concentrations. The experiments were performed at low concentrations range from 50 to 300 ppm, and high concentrations range from 1000 to 2000 ppm. The rotating disk apparatus (RDA) was used at various speeds range from 50 to 3000 rpm in all experiments. Torque values of the GAL solutions were compared with water alone. The results clearly show that the different concentrations of the Glycolic Acid Ethoxylate Lauryl Ether (GAL) are good drag reduction agents (DRAs), with clear and high torque reading differences. Further, GAL solutions have the same tendency at all concentrations. The torque finding was enhanced with increasing concentration.
حل المنازعات المتعلقة بإدارة النفط والغاز بين الحكومة الاتحادية والأقاليم والمحافظات غير المنتظمة في اقليم
Authors: المالكي رائد حمدان
Published: March 2022

يعتبر موضوع إدارة النفط والغاز احد اهم الموضوعات المختلف بشأنها بين الحكومة الاتحادية وإقليم كوردستان والمحافظات غير المنتظمة في اقليم . ويهمنا التعرف على طبيعة المنازعات المتعلقة بإدارة النفط والغاز بين الحكومة الاتحادية والأقاليم والمحافظات غير المنتظمة في اقليم وطرق حلها في ضوء احكام الدستور العراقي.
Challenges Faced by Visually Impaired Teachers Working in Blind Schools in Online Teaching During Covid 19
Authors: Zuber Mohd. , Jamuna R. , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine the isssues in translating cultural terms between English and Malay. Thus, the researcher will thoroughly introduce the issue and analyse the findings by collecting data from books, conversation and social media, making this research a qualitative research. Thus, this research paper seeks to find a practical and professional solution for translators who are having the same issues whilst translating. In addition to that, the researcher has used Mona Baker’s equivalence typology to help complete this research.
Dependability of the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) Assay for Recurrent Sperm DNA Damage Evaluation of Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF) in Men with Presentation of Infertility-A Short Communication
Authors: Kaur Kulvinder Kochar , Allahbadia Gautam , Singh Mandeep
Published: March 2022

How the male attributes in the generation of a healthy embryo, there exists a need for a sperm that is of good quality with minimum genome injury whose estimationis usually are done by the determination of sperm Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) breakdown or the Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF). SDF usually guides with regards to the quality of sperm chromatin in case of men with a presentation of infertility. The causes attributed are the capacity of side actions of escalation of SDF amounts on natural fertility, embryo generation along with implantation, risk of miscarriage along with health of the newborn [1]. Earlier we detailed the role of SDF in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) with use of Time Lapse Microscopy (TLM) simultaneously [2]. SDF represents a marker of chromatin injury, takes place at the time of spermiogenesis, halt in the epididymis along withpost ejaculation inview of various factors that are not unique like varicocoele, insufficient life style like toxic exposure secondary to occupational along with experimental factors, aging as well as infections [3]. For the birth of a healthy newborn, genomically healthy sperms are necessary, while enhancement of sperms with injured chromatin in the human ejaculate might result in non stabilization of the genome at the time of fertilization as well as embryogenesis [4]. Thus it has been pointed that the evaluation of sperm chromatin at a molecularlevel might aid in its provision of the paternal factor for infertility, besides point to decide what treatment actions might be feasi ble for enhanced sperm chromatin quality [5].
Subdued Voices: Women Characters and their Author in Inside the Haveli
Authors: Dr S. U. Chavan
Published: March 2022

Rama Mehta is an eminent novelist who contributed significantly to Indian English fiction by bringing female issues to the fore through her exemplary novel, Inside the Haveli. The novel shows a predominant concern with the subjugating condition of women characters shackled in the Indian patriarchal structure and brings, particularly, into light the repressed state of female characters and the elements that determine their submission. Simultaneously, based on the incident, the novel reveals silence and submission on the part of the novelist as well. Nevertheless, the work seems stifled when dealing with women's issues; its movements are confusing, contradicting and oscillating. The characters and their author appear tense under pressure showing a disinclination to adopt a bold stance. This cramped and oscillating situation speaks of their helplessness and repressed situation.
Searching for the Self in the Novels of Thomas Hardy from the Existential Lenses
Authors: Dr. Dharmendra Kumar Singh
Published: March 2022

‘Aham Brahmasmi’, the soul of ‘Hindu and Yoga’ philosophy, reveals the integrity of the Atman (self or soul) with Brahman (the Absolute). Unless and until, one understands AHAM (self), one can’t attain one’s BRAHMAN (Absolute). Not to talk about sages and seers, this ‘Absolute’ is nothing but a desired destination for a common man. The literature of the world is nothing, but the literature of the man, the literature of the choice, the literature of the free will, and the literature of the self—authentic and inauthentic. It is the self that makes and mars the man. This is why ‘Self’ has been a thing of debate since the rays of cultures and civilizations fall on the pious ground of this blue planet. Seeing all this, an attempt is made to describe in brief the ‘Self’ along with its various types. Why it is called an omnipresent thing and how it is an impersonator, is the next thing. It is also in the crux of this exploration. What the various theories along with the various theorists are related to it, is also aimed to mention in this paper. What the ‘Searching for the self’ or ‘self-searching’ is, and what the existential thinkers think about the self, is the prime of the present paper. The essential thing here is to shed light on how the major novels of Thomas Hardy are about ‘Self-Searching’ along with its examining through the existential lenses.
Magic Realism in the Works of Isabel Allende and Gabriel García and Laura Esquivel
Authors: Mahesh Chandra Tiwari
Published: March 2022

To begin, this article provides a short overview of Magic Realism. The meaning of the term the origins and development of Magical Realist literature, as well as "Magic Realism," must be explored next. Three famous authors will be discussed: Garcia Marquez, Isabelle Allende, and Laura Esquivel, as well as female writers Isabelle Allende and Laura Esquivel. In addition, a number of outstanding works by well-known authors connected with the literary movement Magical Realism are critically analysed. A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, Like Water for Chocolate and The House of the Spirits are among the notable literary works to be studied in terms of their Magical Realist aspects.
Probing Great Expectations: A Re-analysis
Authors: Dr. Ashish Gupta
Published: March 2022

Charles Dickens, a prolific, literary figure of Victorian era- reelects through and exquisite picture of whole Victorian England society. He is a writer of humanitarian novels and turns the light of knowledge upon a great Variety of English scene and characters, especially upon workhouses, debtors, prisons shops hovels of the poor, law offices, dark sheets and dark alleys the England haunts and hiding places of vice, crime pain. He knew his people best and gave them what they wanted. In his novel Great Expectations, Dickens explored some significant issues regarding high- and lower-class system of Victorian society.
Role of Women in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide
Authors: Mrityunjoy Mondal
Published: March 2022

Amitav Ghosh, the Indian born writer, is now universally acknowledged as a postcolonial and postmodern writer. Apart from presenting the contemporary socio-political events of southeast Asia, another unique feature of Ghosh’s novels is the way he presents his women characters. In novels like The Shadow Lines, The Glass Palace, and The Hungry Tide, the women characters are indeed exemplary. They seem to be fully conscious of their socio-political condition, and play significant roles not only to make their lives beautiful but also to enlighten and empower the entire community. They are desperate to make a mark, to create a separate identity for themselves, to create an example to be followed by the rest. The purpose of this paper is to show how the women transcend their abilities and challenge the gender roles of the society by their remarkable determination, indomitable spirit and astonishing endurance.