bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Activity-Based Costing and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing
Authors: Hoozée Sophie , Hansen Stephen C.
Published: February 2017

The relationship between activity-based costing (ABC) and time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) has not been systematically investigated. We compare the two systems analytically and via a numerical experiment. Our analytical comparison generates formulas that describe how each system maps resources to activities and finally to products. We demonstrate that ABC aggregates resource-to-activity information by resources (columns), while TDABC selects partitions of activity-by-resource information. Our numerical experiment shows that TDABC is more accurate than ABC when traceability of resources to activities is high and activity traceability to products is low, while ABC is more accurate when activities are more traceable to products, irrespective of the level of resource traceability to activities. Finally, we examine the impact of hybridizing an ABC (TDABC) system with TDABC (ABC). We find that adding one ABC element into a TDABC system usually improves accuracy. However, adding one TDABC element into an ABC system usually substantially degrades accuracy.

Data Availability: The simulated datasets are available from the first author on request.
Laser polishing and laser shape correction of optical glass
Authors: Weingarten Christian , Schmickler Andreas , Willenborg Edgar , Wissenbach Konrad , Poprawe Reinhart
Published: February 2017

Mechanical polishing of glass is a time consuming process especially for lenses deviating from spherical surface such as aspheres. With laser polishing, the processing time can be significantly reduced and the wear of hard tooling can be avoided. Using laser radiation for polishing, a thin surface layer of the glass is heated up just below evaporation temperature due to the interaction of glass material and laser radiation. With increasing temperature, the reduced viscosity in the surface layer leads to the reduction of the roughness due to the surface tension. Hence, a contactless polishing method can be realized nearly without any loss of material or need of polishing agent. In this paper, results for laser polishing of fused silica, BK7, and S-TIH6 are presented with area rates up to 5 cm2/s. However, the results show that the achieved roughness with laser polishing is strongly influenced by the thermal properties of the type of glass. During laser polishing, the glass material is relocated at the surface, thus no shape errors can be corrected. To reduce the residual waviness and shape errors after laser polishing, the authors investigated a further laser-based process step (laser beam figuring, LBF) which ablates material for a shape correction. Ablation depths <5 nm allow a high precision laser ablation for selective processing. For both processes, a CO2 laser is used.
Fronto-orbitozygomatic approach: functional and cosmetic outcomes in a series of 169 patients
Authors: Boari Nicola , Spina Alfio , Giudice Lodoviga , Gorgoni Francesca , Bailo Michele , Mortini Pietro
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

Advantages of the fronto-orbitozygomatic (FOZ) approach have been reported extensively in the literature; nevertheless, restoration of normal anatomy and the esthetic impact of surgery are increasingly important issues for patients and neurosurgeons. The aim of this study was to analyze functional and cosmetic outcomes in a series of 169 patients with different pathologies who underwent surgery in which the FOZ approach was used.

METHODS

Between January 2000 and December 2014, 250 consecutive patients underwent surgery with an FOZ approach as the primary surgical treatment. Follow-up data were available for only 169 patients; 103 (60.9%) of these patients were female and 66 (39.1%) were male, and their ages ranged from 6 to 77 years (mean 46.9 years; SD 15.6 years). Mean follow-up time was 66 months (range 6–179 months; SD 49.5 months). Evaluation of clinical outcomes was performed with a focus on 4 main issues: surgical complications, functional outcome, cosmetic outcome, and patient satisfaction. The additional time needed to perform orbitotomy and orbital reconstruction was also evaluated.

RESULTS

The permanent postoperative complications included forehead hypesthesia (41.4%) and dysesthesia (15.3%), frontal muscle weakness (10.3%), exophthalmos (1.4%), enophthalmos (4.1%), diplopia (6.6%; 2% were related to surgical approach), and persistent periorbital and eyelid swelling (3%). Approximately 90% of the patients reported subjectively that surgery did not affect their quality of life or complained of only minor problems that did not influence their quality of life significantly. The mean time needed for orbitotomy and orbital reconstruction was approximately half an hour.

CONCLUSIONS

Comprehensive knowledge of the potential complications and overall clinical outcomes of the FOZ approach can be of great utility to neurosurgeons in balancing the well-known benefits of the approach with potential additional morbidities.
Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?
Authors: Warikandwa Tapiwa V. , Osode Patrick C.
Published: February 2017

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.
L’occupation du territoire autour de Lattara : quelques aspects mis en lumière par les fouilles récentes
Authors: Bel Valérie , Daveau Isabelle
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This article is a review about land occupation around Lattara from the Early Iron age to the end of the Roman period, which integrates the new evidence. The multiplication of rescue excavations brings new informations, especially about landscape organization and land exploitation. It appears that the main lines of the organization of territory are laid before the Roman conquest. The early datation of the road system is confirmed by the implantation of Early Iron age burials.
Habitat et pratiques domestiques des Ve-IVe s. av. J.-C. dans la ville de Lattes
Authors: Belarte Maria del carmen
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Untersuchungen der letzten Jahre haben in Lattes eine umfangreiche Dokumentation über die Architektur und die Organisation des häuslichen Bereichs im 5. und vor allem im 4. Jh. v. u. Z. geliefert. In dieser Zeit entsteht nämlich die in ihren großen Linien bis ans Ende der frühgeschichtlichen Besiedlung des Ortes beibehaltene Grundform der Stadt; ebenso bilden sich in dieser Zeit Konstruktionstechniken heraus, von denen einige dieser Zeit eigen sind, andere jedoch bis ans Ende der jüngeren Eisenzeit fortbestehen. Dieser Artikel präsentiert eine Synthese unserer Kenntnisse dieser ersten Phase und setzt dabei den Akzent auf die Kontinuitäten, die Modifikationen und die Evolutionen in der Architektur, die Typologie der Häuser und die häuslichen Gepflogenheiten während dieser und im Vergleich zu den späteren Phasen.
Faciès commerciaux et usages de la céramique à Lattes durant la Protohistoire
Authors: Gailledrat Éric
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung. Über den einfachen typologischen Aspekt hinaus gibt die Keramik als Indikator des wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Lebens Aufschluss über die komplexen Vorgänge, welche die Entwicklung des protohistorischen Lattes bestimmen. Die hier betrachtete Periode zwischen dem Ende des 6. und dem ausgehenden 2. Jh. v. u. Z. veranschaulicht vor allem die grundlegende Bedeutung der Beziehungen, insbesondere der Handelsbeziehungen, die Lattes mit dem griechischen Marseille unterhält. Wenn auch mehrere Anzeichen von reellen Akkulturationsprozessen zeugen, so muss deren Tragweite jedoch den grundsätzlich indigenen Zügen entsprechend nuanciert werden, die Lattes bis zur römischen Eroberung charakterisieren. •Tiré à
Un bilan sur la circulation monétaire préaugustéenne à Lattes
Authors: Py Michel
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The recent analysis of nearly 6,000 pre-Augustan coins found during the investigations at Lattes, through the first surveys by Henri Prades as in the programmed excavations, gave the opportunity to define the characteristics in the currency habit on the site and to set these informations in the background of Protohistoric coin circulations in southern Gaul. Besides, the discovery of four silver coin hoards, dated to the end of the 4th century up to mid 3rd century B. C., made it possible to raise the question of relations between local currency circulation, expanding very late and thesaurization which seems connected to trading activities on the site. Coin supplying of Lattes is dominated during the Iron Age until the changing era by Massaliote productions, always being the majority or exclusive to the early periods, but the diversity of other issues, notably Mediterranean, attests in its own way to the port activity.
Thermes et pratiques balnéaires dans le chef-lieu de cité des Parisii
Authors: Bouet Alain , Saragoza Florence
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung. In Lutetia zählt man vier Bäderkomplexe, die Entwicklung der Thermen von der frühen Kaiserzeit bis in die Spätantike illustrieren. Ausgehend von der Untersuchung der Grabungsarchive und deren Gegenüberstellung mit den Grundrissen dieser bei älteren Grabungen freigelegten Bauwerke ist es nun möglich, eine neue Interpretation dieser Thermen vorzulegen. Bestimmte Eigenschaften, wie die piscina calida in den thermes de Cluny oder sehr große Latrinen in den Thermen der rue Gay-Lussac,

zeugen vom Reichtum der thermalen Architektur im Hauptort der Parisii.
Identification of a non-native Cynoscion species (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) from the Gulf of Cádiz (southwestern Spain) and data on its current status
Authors: Bañón Rafael , Arias Alberto , Arana Diego , Cuesta Jose A.
Published: February 2017

Cynoscion is a genus of fish in the family Sciaenidae from the Atlantic and Pacific American coasts that is important in recreational and commercial fisheries. Morphological analysis identifies a species inhabiting the Gulf of Cádiz (southern Spain) as the weakfish, Cynoscion regalis, a native of the northwest Atlantic. This finding is also confirmed by molecular identification using 16S and Cox1genes. Based on the examination of a previous manuscript, the assignation of this species to the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, is considered a misidentification. C. regalis has been reported in the area since 2011 and is now considered an established species that is distributed along the Guadalquivir River estuary and is a target of local artisanal fisheries. The pathway of introduction is unknown, but possible mechanisms are considered, of which ballast water seems to be the most plausible. A revision of non-native sciaenids also found in European waters is carried out. The ecological impact of weakfish on the local fish community is still unknown and should be object of future studies.
Towards a regional ontology of management education in Africa: A complexity leadership theory perspective
Authors: Ochara Nixon M.
Published: February 2017

Orientation: The title of this critique, ‘Towards a regional ontology of management education in Africa: A complexity leadership theory perspective’, sought to capture a paradox in the prescriptive nature and universalistic leaning of current leadership theories; yet local realities may call for being cognisant of (possible extant) regional ontologies. Motivation for the study: The argumentation and analysis developed in this article were based on a synthesis of ideas from literature to evolve a preliminary regional ontology for reorienting business and management education relevant for Africa. Research design, approach and method: The critique was structured on insights from complexity leadership theory. The outcome was a proposition for an Afrocentric regional ontology for strengthening business and management education anchored on four themes: ethical and moral engagement, entrepreneurial leadership, Ubuntu and local National Systems of Innovation (NSI). These emerging ideas were considered to be tentative and should be considered as a foundation to inform further inquiry into how business and management education in Africa can be better interpreted and legitimised in the behavioural sciences. Practical/managerial implications: From an Afrocentric perspective, conceptualising and maintaining the logic of leadership was considered to be desirable and imperative in evolving a regional ontology of leadership that takes into account local realities. Of course, we recognised that these defining rationalities are not unique to Africa, but that said; a regional perspective that is unique cannot continue to be ignored but should find their place in discourses about leadership in the 21st century. Contribution/value-add: The synthesis and narrative presented in this paper concisely summarises and provides traction on how to advance business and management education in Africa.
Using genetics to prioritise headwater stream fish populations of the Marico barb, Enteromius motebensis Steindachner 1894, for conservation action
Authors: Van der Walt Kerry-Ann , Swartz Ernst R. , Woodford Darragh , Weyl Olaf
Published: February 2017

South Africa has a relatively large number of threatened freshwater fish species and limited resources to implement conservation programs. Enteromius motebensis was regionally prioritised for action because of its conservation status and flagship status in a nationally important aquatic ecosystem. Genetic diversity of E. motebensis in headwater refugia of the Groot Marico River Catchment was assessed to determine if genetic diversity is important for conservation planning for this species. The results of the genetic analysis indicate that some prioritisation was possible, with two populations showing evidence of recent isolation.Conservation implications: We recommend that at least three populations be prioritised for conservation action to ensure maintenance of most of the remaining genetic diversity of the species.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Brian Branfireun
Authors: Ho Wilson
Published: February 2017

Dr. Brian Branfireun is a Professor of Biology at Western University, and the Canada Research Chair in Environment and Sustainability. His research primarily focuses on the movement of metal contaminants through watersheds, and their impacts on ecosystems. He currently directs a modern laboratory facility in the Biotron, which is an experimental space used to simulate future climate conditions and their impacts on biological and chemical processes in the environment. Wilson Ho, a member of the Academic Affairs Committee at WURJHNS, interviewed Dr. Branfireun to learn more about his career in Environmental Science and his advice to students.
Simultaneous analysis of major ingredients of Gardenia fruit by HPLC-MS/TQMS method
Authors: Galaqin M , Uwai K , Yuguchi M , Iwasa T
Published: February 2017

An efficient, accurate HPLC-MS/TQMS method was introduced for the quantitative/qualitative simultaneous analysis of main ingredients, namely geniposide and genipingentiobioside, in the Gardenia fruit. The separation was successfully obtained using a C8 (100mm×2.1mm, 5μm, 30°C) column by gradient elution with ultrapure water as mobile phase, where flow rate was set to 0.2 ml/min and detection wavelength at 240 nm. The analytical method was validated and the quantification of active compounds, namely genipingentiobioside and gardenoside, was performed. Linearity, precision, repeatability, stability and recovery were also reported. The quantitative analysis revealed that both main ingredients as geniposide and genipingentiobioside have performed a good linear relationship in 0.1-100 mg/ml concentration range (r=1.00000 and r =0.99998). The average content was measured to be 4.842% with RSD 0.96% for geniposide and 1.1976% with RSD 0.47% for genipingentiobioside in the Gardenia fruit. Accordingly, this method would be feasible for the quantity and quality control of crude drugs.
Chondroitin - application in the treatment of degenerative joint disease
Authors: Tomaszewski Wiesław
Published: February 2017

Chondroitin is an organic compound, belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans. In the treatment of degenerative joint disease, aka osteoarthritis, chondroitin sulphate is applied as a medicine or a dietary supplement. The biological importance of chondroitin sulphate has been already largely determined. The newest data on glycobiology research suggest that proteoglycans, as well as their complex polysaccharide macroparticles not only are the structural elements, but also they participate in multiple metabolic processes at a molecular level as well as in the physiological processes, regulating this type of mechanisms.
The preparations applied in the treatment of degenerative joint disease, containing chondroitin sulphate, are attributed numerous therapeutic and chondroprotective properties including stabilizing synthesis processes and cartilage degradation through stimulation and inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis (production of the elements of the intracellular substance and osteocyte stimulation), an increased proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid biosynthesis, inhibition of the activity of proteolytic enzymes and hyaluronidase, reduction of inflammatory mediators (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) and a decreased collagen II degradation.
Based on the results of the multidirectional research available in the newest source literature, the analysis of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of chondroitin application in the treatment of degenerative joint disease was conducted.
RecG controls DNA amplification at double‐strand breaks and arrested replication forks
Authors: Azeroglu Benura , Leach David R. F.
Published: February 2017

DNA amplification is a powerful mutational mechanism that is a hallmark of cancer and drug resistance. It is therefore important to understand the fundamental pathways that cells employ to avoid over‐replicating sections of their genomes. Recent studies demonstrate that, in the absence of RecG, DNA amplification is observed at sites of DNA double‐strand break repair (DSBR) and of DNA replication arrest that are processed to generate double‐strand ends. RecG also plays a role in stabilising joint molecules formed during DSBR. We propose that RecG prevents a previously unrecognised mechanism of DNA amplification that we call reverse‐restart, which generates DNA double‐strand ends from incorrect loading of the replicative helicase at D‐loops formed by recombination, and at arrested replication forks.
Molecular basis for TANK recognition by TRAF1 revealed by the crystal structure of TRAF1/TANK complex
Authors: Kim Chang Min , Jeong Jae‐Hee , Son Young‐Jin , Choi Jun‐Hyuk , Kim Sunghwan , Park Hyun Ho
Published: February 2017

Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 1 (TRAF1) is a multifunctional adaptor protein involved in important processes of cellular signaling, including innate immunity and apoptosis. TRAF family member‐associated NF‐kappaB activator (TANK) has been identified as a competitive intracellular inhibitor of TRAF2 function. Although TRAF recognition by various receptors has been studied extensively in the field of TRAF‐mediated biology, molecular and functional details of TANK recognition and interaction with TRAF1 have not been studied. In this study, we report the crystal structure of the TRAF1/TANK peptide complex. Quantitative interaction experiments showed that TANK peptide interacts with both TRAF1 and TRAF2 with similar affinity in a micromolar range. Our structural study also reveals that TANK binds TRAF1 using a minor minimal consensus motif for TRAF binding, Px(Q/E)xT.

Database

Coordinate and structural factor were deposited in the Protein Data Bank under PDB ID code 5H10.
Sex‐specific genetic diversity is shaped by cultural factors in Inner Asian human populations
Authors: Marchi Nina , Hegay Tatyana , Mennecier Philippe , Georges Myriam , Laurent Romain , Whitten Mark , Endicott Philipp , Aldashev Almaz , Dorzhu Choduraa , Nasyrova Firuza , Chichlo Boris , Ségurel Laure , Heyer Evelyne
Published: February 2017

Objectives

Sex‐specific genetic structures have been previously documented worldwide in humans, even though causal factors have not always clearly been identified. In this study, we investigated the impact of ethnicity, geography and social organization on the sex‐specific genetic structure in Inner Asia. Furthermore, we explored the process of ethnogenesis in multiple ethnic groups.

Methods

We sampled DNA in Central and Northern Asia from 39 populations of Indo‐Iranian and Turkic‐Mongolic native speakers. We focused on genetic data of the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA. First, we compared the frequencies of haplogroups to South European and East Asian populations. Then, we investigated the genetic differentiation for eight Y‐STRs and the HVS1 region, and tested for the effect of geography and ethnicity on such patterns. Finally, we reconstructed the male demographic history, inferred split times and effective population sizes of different ethnic groups.

Results

Based on the haplogroup data, we observed that the Indo‐Iranian‐ and Turkic‐Mongolic‐speaking populations have distinct genetic backgrounds. However, each population showed consistent mtDNA and Y chromosome haplogroups patterns. As expected in patrilocal populations, we found that the Y‐STRs were more structured than the HVS1. While ethnicity strongly influenced the genetic diversity on the Y chromosome, geography better explained that of the mtDNA. Furthermore, when looking at various ethnic groups, we systematically found a genetic split time older than historical records, suggesting a cultural rather than biological process of ethnogenesis.

Conclusions

This study highlights that, in Inner Asia, specific cultural behaviors, especially patrilineality and patrilocality, leave a detectable signature on the sex‐specific genetic structure.
Eine durch Lipid‐Wasser‐Trennung verstärkte FRET‐Sonde zur Detektion der Sauren Sphingomyelinase in lebenden Zellen
Authors: Pinkert Thomas , Furkert David , Korte Thomas , Herrmann Andreas , Arenz Christoph
Published: February 2017

Eine Echtzeit‐Beobachtung der Aktivität der Sauren Sphingomyelinase (ASM) ist notwendig zur Aufklärung ihrer Rolle in Lipid‐Signaltransduktionsprozessen. Mithilfe von Phosphorodichloridat‐Chemie gelang die Synthese von fluoreszierenden Phosphosphingolipiden mit der Fähigkeit zum FRET. Diese Sphingomyelin‐Analoga sind Substrate für die rekombinante humane ASM und ermöglichen die Verfolgung der ASM‐Aktivität mittels Fluoreszenzspektroskopie. Inkubation mit Zell‐Lysaten von Wildtyp‐ und Knockout‐Mäusen zeigte eine ausschließliche Spaltung durch ASM. Darüber hinaus nutzten wir systematisch die Umgebungsempfindlichkeit der Fluorophore, um signifikante Zuwächse in der Responsivität zu erzielen. Die dabei angewendeten Konzepte könnten auch für andere zukünftige Lipase‐Sonden zum Einsatz kommen. Eine mikroskopische Abbildung der ASM‐Aktivität in lebenden Zellen wurde mittels Zweiphotonenanregung realisiert.
Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles by Merging Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis and Cobalt Catalysis
Authors: He Ke‐Han , Tan Fang‐Fang , Zhou Chao‐Zheng , Zhou Gui‐Jiang , Yang Xiao‐Long , Li Yang
Published: February 2017

Herein, the first acceptorless dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinolines (THQs), indolines, and other related N‐heterocycles, by merging visible‐light photoredox catalysis and cobalt catalysis at ambient temperature, is described. The potential applications to organic transformations and hydrogen‐storage materials are demonstrated. Primary mechanistic investigations indicate that the catalytic cycle occurs predominantly by an oxidative quenching pathway.
Multiple value dimensions spill‐over—An experimental approach in a consumption system comprising a product and a service
Authors: Arne Floh , Koller Monika , Zauner Alexander , Teller Christoph
Published: February 2017

Through the customer's eyes, wireless telecommunications are a typical example of a so‐called consumption system, comprising a product and a service subsystem. People consume an entity in which multiple value perceptions from both subsystems (wireless service and cell phone) are gained and affect attitudes, intentions and future behaviour within and across the subsystems. Value perceptions are gained along the dimensions of functionality, economic aspects, emotions and social facets, regarding both service and product. Some of those value perceptions spill over, from product to service and vice versa, while others do not. Those that spill over affect value perceptions and loyalty intentions in the other subsystem. These results provide the basis for deriving practical implications for the marketing management of firms operating in such a consumption system. Given the presence of spill‐over effects, both parties involved are advised to revise their marketing activities accordingly. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchronous radial 1H and 23Na dual‐nuclear MRI on a clinical MRI system, equipped with a broadband transmit channel
Authors: Kaggie Joshua D. , Sapkota Nabraj , Thapa Bijaya , Jeong Kyle , Shi Xianfeng , Morrell Glen , Bangerter Neal K. , Jeong Eun‐Kee
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this work was to synchronously acquire proton (1H) and sodium (23Na) image data on a 3T clinical MRI system within the same sequence, without internal modification of the clinical hardware, and to demonstrate synchronous acquisition with 1H/23Na‐GRE imaging with Cartesian and radial k‐space sampling. Synchronous dual‐nuclear imaging was implemented by: mixing down the 1H signal so that both the 23Na and 1H signal were acquired at 23Na frequency by the conventional MRI system; interleaving 1H/23Na transmit pulses in both Cartesian and radial sequences; and using phase stabilization on the 1H signal to remove mixing effects. The synchronous 1H/23Na setup obtained images in half the time necessary to sequentially acquire the same 1H and 23Na images with the given setup and parameters. Dual‐nuclear hardware and sequence modifications were used to acquire 23Na images within the same sequence as 1H images, without increases to the 1H acquisition time. This work demonstrates a viable technique to acquire 23Na image data without increasing 1H acquisition time using minor additional custom hardware, without requiring modification of a commercial scanner with multinuclear capability.
Theory of mind, affective empathy, and persuasive strategies in school‐aged children
Authors: Lonigro Antonia , Baiocco Roberto , Baumgartner Emma , Laghi Fiorenzo
Published: February 2017

Understanding that other people hold different mental states and that they may be changed is the core of persuasion. Thus, theory of mind (ToM) abilities are fundamental to generate persuasive arguments. To date, only the relation between false belief and false belief‐emotion understanding and persuasion has been investigated, ignoring other advanced aspects of ToM. Moreover, the role of affective empathy in the engagement of persuasion strategies remains unknown. The aim of this study was to overcome such limitations. Elementary children (N = 142) were enrolled. An advanced ToM test, measures of affective empathy and verbal ability, and an assessment of persuasion, differentiated in self‐oriented and hetero‐oriented strategies, were administered to children. Results show that only ToM is a significant predictor of children's persuasive approach, after controlling for gender, age, and verbal ability. Affective empathy has a very marginal role in interaction with ToM only in the engagement of self‐oriented strategies. Limitations of the study and educational implications in school contexts are discussed.

Highlights

The present study investigates the link between persuasive behaviour, affective empathy and theory of mind.

Through a cross-sectionial study, we find that mind reading abilities and affective empathy are linked to persuasive tactics as the result of a negation process.

The adoption of more advanced persuasive strategies may promote positive social relationships and help to resolve conflicting interactions.
Yield and Dry Matter Simulation Using the Saltmed Model for Five Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa) Accessions Under Deficit Irrigation in South Morocco
Authors: Kaoutar Filali , Abdelaziz Hirich , Ouafae Benlhabib , Redouane Choukr‐Allah , Ragab Ragab
Published: February 2017

The frequent drought in the Mediterranean region requires better water and crop management. Selection of suitable drought‐tolerant crops and the application of water‐saving strategies are essential.

For this reason, a drought‐tolerant crop, quinoa, was selected to test its suitability to be grown under Morocco's conditions. In 2012, five accessions of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) were studied in a field in Agadir, Morocco. Four irrigation levels were applied; the control treatment received 100% of the crop water requirement and three other treatments received 75, 50 and 25% of the crop water requirement.

The SALTMED model was calibrated using yield and total dry matter data obtained from the control treatment for each accession. The accessions differed in plant height, growth stage duration, harvest date, harvest index, leaf area index and photosynthesis efficiency. The SALTMED model simulated the total dry matter and grain yield for the five quinoa accessions under the different deficit irrigation regimes with reasonable precision, as confirmed by the values of coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.96 and 0.92, respectively.

The results indicate that deficit irrigation at 75% would only reduce the yield of accession L142 by 5%. Therefore, L142 was recommended to the growers in Morocco. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain W10; as antibiofilm/antibiofouling products for metal protection
Authors: Chebbi Alif , Elshikh Mohamed , Haque Farazul , Ahmed Syed , Dobbin Sara , Marchant Roger , Sayadi Sami , Chamkha Mohamed , Banat Ibrahim M.
Published: February 2017

Industrial biofouling‐problems associated with the accumulation of microorganisms from flowing water and fluids on processing surfaces can cause severe problems. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain W10 was isolated from industrial setting and found to produce predominantly di‐rhamnolipids (Rha‐Rha‐C10‐C10) with a yield of around 10 g L−1 and a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 80 mg L−1. P. aeruginosa W10 rhamnolipids were able to disrupt up to 99% of 48 h pre‐formed biofilms of the Gram‐positive organisms Bacillus licheniformis CAN55, Staphylococcus capitis SH6, and a mixed culture (strains CAN55, SH6, and W10), under static conditions, at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg ml−1 on a stainless steel surface commonly used in industrial process pipelines. CFU measurements and LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining confirmed these observations. Furthermore, a purified di‐rhamnolipid fraction was found to be responsible for the microbial inhibition of B. licheniformis strain CAN55. This study provides evidence that rhamnolipids may have valuable applications in preventing biofilms and biofouling in industrial plants and, in a wider context, may also apply to metal medical devices.
Integration of CuAAC Polymerization and Controlled Radical Polymerization into Electron Transfer Mediated “Click‐Radical” Concurrent Polymerization
Authors: Xue Wentao , Wang Jie , Wen Ming , Chen Gaojian , Zhang Weidong
Published: February 2017

The successful chain‐growth copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) polymerization employing Cu(0)/pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) and alkyl halide as catalyst is first investigated by a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance, gel‐permeation chromatography, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. In addition, the electron transfer mediated “click‐radical” concurrent polymerization utilizing Cu(0)/PMDETA as catalyst is successfully employed to generate well‐defined copolymers, where controlled CuAAC polymerization of clickable ester monomer is progressed in the main chain acting as the polymer backbone, the controlled radical polymerization (CRP) of acrylic monomer is carried out in the side chain. Furthermore, it is found that there is strong collaborative effect and compatibility between CRP and CuAAC polymerization to improve the controllability.

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A Hybrid Finite Volume Method for Advection Equations and Its Applications in Population Dynamics
Authors: Yang Chang , Tine Léon Matar
Published: February 2017

We present in this article a very adapted finite volume numerical scheme for transport type‐equation. The scheme is an hybrid one combining an anti‐dissipative method with down‐winding approach for the flux (Després and Lagoutière, C R Acad Sci Paris Sér I Math 328(10) (1999), 939–944; Goudon, Lagoutière, and Tine, Math Method Appl Sci 23(7) (2013), 1177–1215) and an high accurate method as the WENO5 one (Jiang and Shu, J Comput Phys 126 (1996), 202–228). The main goal is to construct a scheme able to capture in exact way the numerical solution of transport type‐equation without artifact like numerical diffusion or without “stairs” like oscillations and this for any regular or discontinuous initial distribution. This kind of numerical hybrid scheme is very suitable when properties on the long term asymptotic behavior of the solution are of central importance in the modeling what is often the case in context of population dynamics where the final distribution of the considered population and its mass preservation relation are required for prediction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1114–1142, 2017
Growth of carbon and nitrogen containing precipitates in crystalline solar silicon and their influence on solar cells
Authors: Richter Susanne , Bauer Jan , Breitenstein Otwin
Published: February 2017

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The growth mechanisms, structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of silicon carbide and silicon nitride precipitates in solar silicon are reviewed and some new aspects about the distribution of trace elements in these precipitates are reported in this review. SiC and Si3N4 precipitates may have detrimental impact on the quality of solar silicon material. Therefore intensive research has been done at these precipitates in the past, which is summarized first. The properties of the different types of precipitates reported in literature are then described in detail. Especially SiC precipitates may have detrimental impact on the electrical behavior of solar cells by causing severe ohmic shunting. Furthermore SiC precipitates are very hard and may harm the wafering process. An outlook of the impact of such precipitates on new cell concepts and new solar silicon materials, such as n‐type, is given.
Rapid screening of cellular stress responses in recombinant Pichia pastoris strains using metabolite profiling
Authors: Tredwell Gregory D , Aw Rochelle , Edwards-Jones Bryn , Leak David J , Bundy Jacob G
Published: February 2017

Heterologous protein production in the yeast Pichia pastoris can be limited by biological responses to high expression levels; the unfolded protein response (UPR) is a key determinant of the success of protein production in this organism. Here, we used untargeted NMR metabolic profiling (metabolomics) of a number of different recombinant strains, carried out in a miniaturized format suitable for screening-level experiments. We identified a number of metabolites (from both cell extracts and supernatants) which correlated well with UPR-relevant gene transcripts, and so could be potential biomarkers for future high-throughput screening of large numbers of P. pastoris clones.
Metabolic syndrome or glucose challenge in first episode of psychosis?
Authors: Garcia-Rizo C. , Fernandez-Egea E. , Oliveira C. , Meseguer A. , Cabrera B. , Mezquida G. , Bioque M. , Penades R. , Parellada E. , Bernardo M. , Kirkpatrick B.
Published: February 2017

Patients with schizophrenia exhibit a reduced life expectancy. Although unhealthy lifestyle or suicide risk plays a role, the main causes are diverse medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Albeit pharmacological secondary side effects might also trigger previous conditions, studies in naïve patients reflect diverse anomalies at the onset. Patients with a first episode of psychosis, display a wide scope of metabolic abnormalities, ranging from normality till pathological values depending on the parameters studied. We attempted to evaluate the metabolic syndrome and glycemic homeostasis in a subset of antipsychotic-naïve patients with a first episode of non-affective psychosis. Patients (n = 84) showed a similar prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with a matched control sample (n = 98) (6% vs 4%, P = 0.562), while glucose homeostasis values differed significantly (14% vs. 5%, P = 0.034). Our results suggest that metabolic syndrome is not a useful clinical condition to be evaluated in patients before pharmacological treatment. Abnormal glycemic homeostasis at the onset of the disease requires specific diagnostic tools and preventive measures in order to avoid future cardiovascular events. New strategies must be implemented in order to evaluate the cardiovascular risk and subsequent morbidity in patients at the onset of the disease.
FTY720 Supplementation Partially Improves Erectile Dysfunction in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Through Inhibition of Endothelial Dysfunction and Corporal Fibrosis
Authors: Cui Kai , Ruan Yajun , Wang Tao , Rao Ke , Chen Zhong , Wang Shaogang , Liu Jihong
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) seriously affects their quality of life. However, these patients show a poor effect rate for oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Thus, new treatment methods are urgently needed. Fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720) was approved in 2010 for the treatment of patients with the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis.

Aim

To investigate whether FTY720 supplementation could ameliorate ED induced by DM (DMED).

Methods

Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were used for the experiment. Thirty-two had type 1 DM induced by streptozotocin and the other eight rats constituted the control group. Eight weeks later, the erectile function of rats was assessed with an apomorphine test. Only some rats with DMED were treated with FTY720 orally every day for 4 weeks; the other rats remained in the same condition for 4 weeks.

Main Outcome Measure

Metabolic parameters; erectile function; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1P3), protein kinase B (Akt), nitric oxide (NO), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway; corporal fibrosis; apoptosis level; and Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways.

Results

There were no significant differences in the initial body weights and fasting glucose concentrations among the three groups. Erectile function in the DMED group was significantly impaired compared with the control group and was partly, but significantly, improved in the DMED + FTY720 group. The DMED group showed inhibited activity of the S1P3-Akt-NO-cGMP signaling pathway, and the inhibition was partly reversed in the DMED + FTY720 group. The DMED group showed serious corporal fibrosis, higher apoptosis level, higher ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and higher expressions of the Smad pathway (transforming growth factor-β1, Smad, and connective tissue growth factor) and the non-Smad pathway (transforming growth factor-β1, rho-associated protein kinase, LIM domain kinase 2, and cofilin). However, FTY720 supplementation partly increased the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen, decreased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and inhibited activity of the Smad and non-Smad pathways.

Conclusion

FTY720 supplementation inhibited endothelial dysfunction and corporal fibrosis, ultimately leading to partial improvement of DMED in rats. This finding provides evidence for a potential treatment method for DMED.
Effect of intrathecal glucocorticoids on the central glucocorticoid receptor in a rat nerve ligation model
Authors: Rijsdijk Mienke , Agalave Nilesh M. , van Wijck Albert J.M. , Kalkman Cornelis J. , Ramachandran Roshni , Baharpoor Azar , Svensson Camilla I. , Yaksh Tony L.
Published: February 2017

Background and aims

Despite widespread use, the efficacy of neuraxial glucocorticoids for neuropathic painis subject to debate. Since most glucocorticoid actions are mediated through its receptor, we explored the effects of intrathecal methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) on total glucocorticoid receptor (tGR) levels and activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (phosphorylated state = pGR) within the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model in rats.

Methods

Rats received unilateral ligation of the L5/L6 spinal nerves and were treated with two intrathecal doses of either 400 μg MPA or 0.9% saline with a 72-h interval. Plantar tactile thresholds were measured over time. Seven days after drug treatment, DRG and SDH were harvested to assess tGR and pGR levels using immunohistochemistry and qPCR.

Results

Allodynia, defined by lowered tactile withdrawal thresholds after SNL, was unaltered by intrathecal MPA. In saline controls, mRNA levels of tGR did not change after SNL in the DRGs or SDH. tGR and pGR protein levels in the SDH however, significantly increased on the ipsilateral side of SNL compared to the contralateral side and to naïve tissue. When treating rats with MPA, tGR mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the SDH compared to saline controls. tGR and pGR protein levels, however were not significantly lower compared to saline controls.

Conclusions

In intrathecal MPA treated rats, tGR mRNA levels decreased after SNL. However this did not result in lower tGR and pGR protein levels compared to saline controls, and did not decrease ligation-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.

Implications

Intrathecal MPA treatment after SNL did not result in lower tGR and pGR levels within the SDH and DRG compared to saline controls. In present study we did not differentiate between the various isoforms of the GR which might clarify this finding.
THE ACCESS PARADOX: MEDIA ENVIRONMENT DIVERSITY AND COVERAGE OF ACTIVIST GROUPS IN JAPAN AND KOREA
Authors: Arrington Celeste L.
Published: February 2017

To what extent is a diverse news media environment good for activists who seek attention for their cause? Scholars agree that activist groups depend on the media to reach policymakers and bystanders. Yet prior scholars have overlooked how factors that contribute to media environment diversity—including journalistic norms, market structures, outlets’ partisanship, and audiences’ news consumption habits—can have contradictory implications for activist groups. Disaggregating questions of gaining publicity from questions of the message and reach of coverage, this article shows that while pluralistic media environments are more accessible to activists, more homogeneous media environments help groups that manage to break into the mainstream news reach wider audiences with more coherent narratives. These findings challenge common assumptions about the news media in Japan and Korea. A paired comparison of hepatitis C-related activism in both countries demonstrates how the forces democratizing access to the media are paradoxically reducing the persuasive potential of publicity.
The nature, role and qualities of the staff-client relationship as seen through the eyes of young men in residential care
Authors: Raymond Ivan , Heseltine Karen
Published: February 2017

Australian residential care programs are being increasingly challenged to respond to the therapeutic needs of the young people they service. Staff-client relationships have been identified as an important factor mediating program outcomes. Owing to the paucity of guiding literature, this study sought to understand young men's perceptions of the nature, role and qualities of their relationships with youth workers. In-depth interviews were conducted with 9 young men, who averaged 15 years 9 months of age, residing in the South Australian residential care system. The collation and analysis of data was guided by grounded theory. The young men constructed their relationships with youth workers in globally positive descriptors, although the global properties of this theme are qualified on a number of levels. Distinct staff and client roles, respectively corresponding to ‘provider’ and ‘consumer’, were identified. A number of qualities associated with positive staff-client relationships were identified, with attachment theory guiding the interpretation of themes. Program, policy and research implications of the research are discussed.
Non-antibiotic approaches at drying-off for treating and preventing intramammary infections: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Francoz David , Wellemans Vincent , Roy Jean-Philippe , Lacasse Pierre , Ordonez-Iturriaga Alfredo , Labelle François , Dufour Simon
Published: February 2017

Intramammary infection (IMI) treatment and prevention at drying-off is one of the leading causes for using antimicrobials on dairy farms. The objective of the current paper is to describe the protocol used for conducting a systematic review of the literature on non-antibiotic strategies that can be used on dairy cows at dry off to treat and prevent IMI. Relevant literature will be identified using a combination of database search strategies and iterative screening of references. To be included in the review, articles will have to: (1) be published after 1969; (2) be written in English, French, or Spanish; (3) use a study design such as a controlled trial, an observational study, or an experimental study conducted in vivo; (4) be conducted on commercial dairy cows; (5) investigate a non-antibiotic intervention used at dry off; and finally, (6) report on a relevant mastitis outcome. Titles and abstracts, then full articles will be reviewed for inclusion. Specific data will be extracted and risk of bias will be assessed for all included articles. The planned systematic review will be the first to colligate, in a coherent whole, studies investigating non-antibiotic strategies for treating and preventing IMI at drying-off.
The European Commission's GMO Opt-out for Member States: A WTO Perspective
Authors: Ferer Blanca Salas
Published: February 2017

In April 2015, the European Commission (hereinafter, Commission) adopted a package on the authorisation of genetically modified organisms (hereinafter, GMOs) as food and feed in the EU. The package, which derives from the Political Guidelines presented to the European Parliament in July 2014 on the basis of which the current Commission was elected, consists of a Communication (titled Reviewing the decision-making process on genetically modified organisms) and a legislative draft (i.e., Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 as regards the possibility for the Member States to restrict or prohibit the use of genetically modified food and feed on their territory, and hereinafter, the Proposal).