bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the Northeastern Margin of South China Block in Rodinia Supercontinent Evolution: A Case Study of Neoproterozoic Granitic Gneiss in Rizhao Area, Shandong Province
Authors: He Xiaolong , Yang Zeyu , Liu Kai , Zhu Wei , Zhan Honglei , Yang Peng , Wei Tongzheng , Wang Shuxun , Zhang Yaoyao
Published: August 2024

The South China Plate is an important part of the Rodinia supercontinent in the Neoproterozoic. The Rizhao area, located on the northeastern margin of the South China Plate, records multiple periods of magmatism, among which Neoproterozoic granitic gneiss is of great significance to the tectonic evolution of the South China Block. In this study, systematic petrology, geochemistry, isotopic chronology, and zircon Hf isotopic analyses were carried out on gneisses samples of biotite alkali feldspar granitic and biotite monzogranitic compositions in the Rizhao area. Geochemical analyses suggest that these granitic rocks belong to the sub-alkaline series and have high potassium contents. They are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements K, Rb, and Ba; depleted in high field strength elements P, Nb, and Ti; enriched in light rare earth elements and moderately depleted in heavy rare earth elements; and have weak to moderate negative Eu anomalies and weak negative Ce anomalies. These rocks are post-orogenic A-type granites. LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from two biotite alkali-feldspar granitic gneiss samples yielded weighted mean ages of 785 ± 8 Ma (MSWD = 3.0) and 784 ± 6Ma (MSWD = 1.5), respectively, and a biotite monzogranitic gneiss sample yielded a weighted mean age of 789 ± 6 Ma (MSWD = 2.3). Lu-Hf isotopic analyses on zircon grains from the two types of Neoproterozoic-aged gneisses yielded negative εHf(t) values ranging from −19.3 to −8.8 and from −18.3 to −10.4, respectively, and the corresponding two-stage Hf model age ranges are 2848–3776 Ma and 2983–3682 Ma, respectively. These granites are the product of Neoproterozoic magmatic activity and are mainly derived from the partial melting of Archean continental crust. Combining the geochemical characteristics and zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotopic analyses, these A-type granitic gneisses appear to have formed in an intracontinental rift extension environment during the initial break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent, as part of the supercontinent break-up process at the northeastern margin of the South China Block.
Multi-Scale and Trans-Disciplinary Research and Technology Developments of Heap Bioleaching
Authors: Jia Yan , Ruan Renman , Qu Jingkui , Tan Qiaoyi , Sun Heyun , Niu Xiaopeng
Published: August 2024

Heap bioleaching is considered to be a less energy-intensive metal-extraction technique compared to other methods, making it particularly attractive for low-grade sulfide ores. It has been successfully applied to recovery of copper, gold, and uranium from ores over decades. Despite its seemingly straightforward nature, heap bioleaching can experience failures if the ore is unsuitable or the heap leach process is not thoroughly investigated and well-developed. Therefore, multidisciplinary approaches are essential for research and development in heap bioleaching, as its performance depends on numerous processes operating across a wide range of length scales. This review focused on the current state of knowledge regarding the understanding of multi-scale mechanisms in heap bioleaching and the use of multidisciplinary approaches at different scales to develop the process. The investigation covered various scales, such as atomic and molecular, mineralogy and microbes, reaction particles, heap bioleaching units and full-scale factory production. Different approaches were employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbial molecular structure and metabolism, the structure and reaction of minerals, microbial–mineral interaction, particles and aggregation states, and multiphase flow transfer, as well as laboratory experiments, modeling, industrialization, and operation optimization. We emphasized the need for collaboration among researchers from different disciplines and stress the importance of considering the coupling effects of physical, chemical, and microbiological factors when running heap bioleaching plants. Such collaboration and coupling are vital for successful implementation and optimization of heap bioleaching processes. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of current research related to heap bioleaching at different scales and disciplines, and gave implications to heap bioleaching technology development.
Genesis of Analcite in Black Shales and Its Indication for Hydrocarbon Enrichment—A Case Study of the Permian Pingdiquan Formation in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Bai Yang , Jiao Xin , Liu Yiqun , Li Xu , Zhang Xu , Li Zhexuan
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the genesis of analcite in black shale from continental lakes and its implications for hydrocarbon enrichment, with a case study of the Permian Pingdiquan Formation in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. As an alkaline mineral, analcite is extensively developed in China’s lacustrine black shale hydrocarbon source rocks and is linked to hydrocarbon distribution. However, the mechanisms of its formation and its impact on hydrocarbon generation and accumulation remain insufficiently understood. This paper employs a multi-analytical approach, including petrological observations, geochemical analysis, and X-ray diffraction, to characterize analcite and its association with hydrocarbon source rocks. The study identifies a hydrothermal sedimentary origin for analcite, suggesting that it forms under conditions of alkaline lake water and volcanic activity, which are conducive to organic matter enrichment. The analcite content in the studied samples exhibits a significant variation, with higher contents associated with hydrocarbon accumulation zones, suggesting its role in hydrocarbon generation and accumulation. This paper reports that analcite-bearing rocks display characteristics of high-quality reservoirs, enhancing the permeability and porosity of the rock, which is essential for hydrocarbon storage and migration. In conclusion, this paper underscores the importance of analcite as a key mineral indicator for hydrocarbon potential in black shale formations and provides valuable insights for further geological and hydrocarbon exploration in similar settings.
Unearthing the Potential Therapeutic Effects of Oxyresveratrol Based on Intrinsic Links between Pharmacological Effects: Implications for the Gut–Liver–Brain Axis
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Duan Yan , Li Zhaoxing , Li Juan , Li Shunxiang
Published: August 2024

Oxyresveratrol is a stilbene compound with a simple chemical structure and various therapeutic potentials. This study summarized and analyzed the multiple pharmacological effects and mechanisms of oxyresveratrol, identifying its prominent performance in neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, and anti-inflammatory activities in the intestines. By integrating the pharmacological effects of oxyresveratrol with insights from the network pharmacology and molecular docking of its interactions with targets linked to gut–liver–brain axis disorders, it has been shown that oxyresveratrol may hold promise for the treatment of gut–liver–brain axis-related disorders. The synergistic effect between various mechanisms has inspired further research and the development of oxyresveratrol’s application value.
Osteoblastic Cell Sheet Engineering Using P(VCL-HEMA)-Based Thermosensitive Hydrogels Doped with pVCL@Icariin Nanoparticles Obtained with Supercritical CO2-SAS
Authors: García-Sobrino Rubén , Casado-Losada Isabel , Caltagirone Carmen , García-Crespo Ana , García Carolina , Rodríguez-Hernández Juan , Reinecke Helmut , Gallardo Alberto , Elvira Carlos , Martínez-Campos Enrique
Published: August 2024

New clinical strategies for treating severe bone and cartilage injuries are required, especially for use in combination with implant procedures. For this purpose, p(VCL-co-HEMA) thermosensitive hydrogels have been activated with icariin-loaded nanoparticles to be used as bone-cell-harvesting platforms. Supercritical CO2-SAS technology has been applied to encapsulate icariin, a small molecule that is involved in osteoblastic differentiation. Thus, physical-chemical analysis, including swelling and transmittance, showed the impact of HEMA groups in hydrogel composition. Moreover, icariin (ICA) release from p(VCL-co-HEMA) platforms, including pVCL@ICA nanoparticles, has been studied to evaluate their efficacy in relevant conditions. Finally, the thermosensitive hydrogels’ cell compatibility, transplant efficiency, and bone differentiation capacity were tested. This study identifies the optimal formulations for icariin-activated hydrogels for both control and HEMA formulations. Using this technique, osteoblastic sheets that were rich in collagen type I were successfully transplanted and recultivated, maintaining an optimal extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. These findings suggest a new cell-sheet-based therapy for bone regeneration purposes using customized and NP-activated pVCL-based cell platforms.
Examining Delineated Competencies within Blended Hospital/Health System Pharmacy and General Medicine Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences
Authors: Prisco Jennifer L. , Murray Yulia A. , Eguale Tewodros , Goldman Jennifer D.
Published: August 2024

In the United States, Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs are required to provide advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) in the core inpatient rotation areas of hospital/health system pharmacy and inpatient general medicine patient care. Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy (C/SOPs) nationwide are increasingly utilizing blended or longitudinal APPE models to offer experiential opportunities; however, there is a gap in the literature to support programs with delineating rotation-specific competencies when integrating two or more rotations together. Utilizing a survey instrument, PharmD students at two C/SOPs reported their onsite inpatient rotation sub-competency activities achieved within the four competency areas of Hospital/Health Pharmacy Systems, Medication Safety and Quality, Clinical Applications, and Professional Practice, which are listed in Appendix C of the 2016 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standards Guidance Document. Unpaired two-sample t-tests were performed to compare proportions of sub-competency activity occurrence in the two rotation settings. In total, 168 students reported inpatient activities related to the four competency areas, with 95–100% reporting their involvement in one or more sub-competency opportunities within each area. Of the 26 sub-competencies compared, 73% significantly facilitated the development of competency to a greater extent for one APPE inpatient rotation type over the other (p < 0.05). The findings can be utilized by C/SOPs to support the delineation of rotation-specific competencies when blending inpatient experiential opportunities.
Horace: Odes: Four New Translations
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace
Published: August 2024

Carpe Diem (Horace and Odes 1.11) [...]
Correction: Ke et al. Experimental Study on Chromaticity Control in Visible Light Communication Systems. Photonics 2023, 10, 1013
Authors: Ke Xizheng , Wang Xingxing , Qin Huanhuan , Liang Jingyuan
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]
Design and Fabrication of High-Quality Two-Dimensional Silicon-Based Photonic Crystal Optical Cavity with Integrated Waveguides
Authors: Muhammad Sohail , Chen Dingwei , Xian Chengwei , Zhou Jun , Lei Zhongke , Kuang Pengju , Li Zhe , Wen Guangjun , Huang Yongjun
Published: August 2024

The emergences of silicon-based photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides and two-dimensional (2D) PhC line-defect optical cavities have revolutionized the field of integrated photonics. In this paper, we design and fabricate a high-quality (high-Q) 2D silicon-based PhC optical cavity with integrated waveguides. We employ the 2D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to simulate the cavity, considering two different thicknesses: 0.5 μm and 0.25 μm. By optimizing the line-defect and air-slot widths for the integrated PhC waveguides, we are able to achieve remarkable Q-factors for the PhC optical cavity. With a silicon thickness of 0.5 μm, the high-Q achieves an impressively high value of 8.01 × 106, while at a silicon thickness of 0.25 μm, it achieves 1.91 × 107. This research highlights the importance of design optimization and fabrication techniques in achieving high-Q optical devices using PhC and silicon-based structures.
The Method and Experiment of Micro-Crack Identification Using OFDR Strain Measurement Technology
Authors: Chen Bin , Yang Jun , Zhang Dezhi , Liu Wenxiang , Li Jin , Zhang Min
Published: August 2024

The precise evaluation of micro-crack sizes and locations is crucial for the safe operation of structures. Traditional detection techniques, however, suffer from low spatial resolution, making it difficult to accurately locate micrometer-scale cracks. A method and experimental study were proposed in this paper for identifying and locating micro-cracks using optical fiber strain sensing based on OFDR to address this issue. The feasibility of this method for micro-crack detection was verified by the combination of a polyimide-coated sensing optical fiber (PISOF) and tight sheath sensing optical fiber (TSSOF). A calculation method for micro-crack widths based on distributed optical fiber strain curves was established, and the test results of different optical fibers were compared. Through multiple verification experiments, it was found that the strain peak curves of both fiber types could accurately locate micro-cracks with a precision of 1 mm. Additionally, the crack widths could be obtained by processing the distributed strain curves using a computational model, enabling the accurate capture of micro-crack characteristics at the 10 μm level. A strong linear relationship was observed between the optical fiber stretching length and the crack width. Notably, the relative error in calculating the crack width from the strain curve of PI fiber was very small, while a linear relationship existed between the maximum strain value of the TSSOF and the crack width, allowing for the calculation of the crack width based on the maximum strain value. This further validated the feasibility of the method designed in this paper for the analysis of micro-crack characteristic parameters.
A 2.8 W Single-Frequency Laser Output at 1064 nm from a Gradient-Doped Composite Ceramic Non-Planar Ring Oscillator
Authors: Gao Mingwei , Ding Yibo , Wang Qing , Wang Lei , Gao Yuan , Wang Junping , Ji Haohao , Zhang Jian , Gao Chunqing
Published: August 2024

An efficient Nd: A YAG single-frequency laser was demonstrated using a gradient-doped ceramic non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO). A thermal model of the gradient-doped ceramic NPRO was built to analyze the temperature field and thermal focal length. By employing a gradient-doped gain structure, the thermal distribution within the NPRO can be effectively smoothed to reduce thermal lensing effects. Up to 2.8 W of single-frequency output power at 1064 nm from the gradient-doped ceramic NPRO was obtained, with a slope efficiency of 38%.
Diplodia seriata Isolated from Declining Olive Trees in Salento (Apulia, Italy): Pathogenicity Trials Give a Glimpse That It Is More Virulent to Drought-Stressed Olive Trees and in a Warmth-Conditioned Environment
Authors: Manetti Giuliano , Brunetti Angela , Sciarroni Lorenzo , Lumia Valentina , Bechini Sara , Marangi Paolo , Reverberi Massimo , Scortichini Marco , Pilotti Massimo
Published: August 2024

The fungi Botryosphaeriaceae are involved in olive declines in both the world hemispheres and in all continents where this species is cultivated. In Salento (Apulia, Italy), the Botryosphaeriaceae Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and N. stellenboschiana have been reported as the agents of a branch and twig dieback that overlaps with olive quick decline syndrome caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca. In this study, we report the finding of Diplodia seriata, another Botryosphaeriaceae species, in Salento in Xylella fastidiosa-infected olive trees affected by symptoms of branch and twig dieback. Given that its presence was also reported in olive in the Americas and in Europe (Croatia) with different degrees of virulence, we were prompted to assess its role in the Apulian decline. We identified representative isolates based on morphological features and a multilocus phylogeny. In vitro tests showed that the optimum growth temperature of the isolates is around 25–30 °C, and that they are highly thermo-tolerant. In pathogenicity trials conducted over eleven months, D. seriata expressed a very low virulence. Nonetheless, when we imposed severe water stress before the inoculation, D. seriata significatively necrotized bark and wood in a time frame of 35 days. Moreover, the symptoms which resulted were much more severe in the trial performed in summer compared with that in autumn. In osmolyte-supplemented media with a water potential from −1 to −3 Mpa, the isolates increased or maintained their growth rate compared with non-supplemented media, and they also grew, albeit to a lesser extent, on media with a water potential as low as −7 Mpa. This suggests that olives with a low water potential, namely those subjected to drought, may offer a suitable environment for the fungus’ development. The analysis of the meteorological parameters, temperatures and rainfall, in Salento in the timeframe 1989–2023, showed that this area is subjected to a progressive increase of temperature and drought during the summer. Thus, overall, D. seriata has to be considered a contributor to the manifestation of branch and twig dieback of olive in Salento. Coherently with the spiral decline concept of trees, our results suggest that heat and drought act as predisposing/inciting factors facilitating D. seriata as a contributor. The fact that several adverse factors, biotic and abiotic, are simultaneously burdening olive trees in Salento offers a cue to discuss the possible complex nature of the olive decline in Salento.
Microbial Fertilizers: A Study on the Current Scenario of Brazilian Inoculants and Future Perspectives
Authors: Andreata Matheus F. L. , Afonso Leandro , Niekawa Erika T. G. , Salomão Julio M. , Basso Kawany Roque , Silva Maria Clara D. , Alves Leonardo Cruz , Alarcon Stefani F. , Parra Maria Eugenia A. , Grzegorczyk Kathlen Giovana , Chryssafidis Andreas Lazaros , Andrade Galdino
Published: August 2024

The increasing need for sustainable agricultural practices, combined with the demand for enhanced crop productivity, has led to a growing interest in utilizing microorganisms for biocontrol of diseases and pests, as well as for growth promotion. In Brazilian agriculture, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) has become increasingly prevalent, with a corresponding rise in the number of registered microbial inoculants each year. PGPR and PGPF occupy diverse niches within the rhizosphere, playing a crucial role in soil nutrient cycling and influencing a wide range of plant physiological processes. This review examines the primary mechanisms employed by these microbial agents to promote growth, as well as the strategy of co-inoculation to enhance product efficacy. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the microbial inoculants currently available in Brazil, detailing the microorganisms accessible for major crops, and discuss the market’s prospects for the research and development of novel products in light of current challenges faced in the coming years.
Allele-Specific Hormone Dynamics in Highly Transgressive F2 Biomass Segregants in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)
Authors: Ain Noor-ul , Habiba  , Ming Ray
Published: August 2024

Sugarcane holds global promise as a biofuel feedstock, necessitating a deep understanding of factors that influence biomass yield. This study unravels the intricate dynamics of plant hormones that govern growth and development in sugarcane. Transcriptome analysis of F2 introgression hybrids, derived from the cross of Saccharum officinarum “LA Purple” and wild Saccharum robustum “MOL5829”, was conducted, utilizing the recently sequenced allele-specific genome of “LA Purple” as a reference. A total of 8059 differentially expressed genes were categorized into gene models (21.5%), alleles (68%), paralogs (10%), and tandemly duplicated genes (0.14%). KEGG analysis highlighted enrichment in auxin (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways, revealing regulatory roles of hormone repressor gene families (Aux/IAA, PP2C, and JAZ). Signaling pathways indicated that downregulation of AUX/IAA and PP2C and upregulation of JAZ repressor genes in high biomass segregants act as key players in influencing downstream growth regulatory genes. Endogenous hormone levels revealed higher concentrations of IAA and ABA in high biomass, which contrasted with lower levels of JA. Weighted co-expression network analysis demonstrated strong connectivity between hormone-related key genes and cell wall structural genes in high biomass genotypes. Expression analysis confirmed the upregulation of genes involved in the synthesis of structural carbohydrates and the downregulation of inflorescence and senescence-related genes in high biomass, which suggested an extended vegetative growth phase. The study underscores the importance of cumulative gene expression, including gene models, dominant alleles, paralogs, and tandemly duplicated genes and activators and repressors of disparate hormone (IAA, JA, and ABA) signaling pathways are the points of hormone crosstalk in contrasting biomass F2 segregants and could be applied for engineering high biomass acquiring varieties.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Composition of Late Permian Coals from Dengfeng Coalfield, North China: Conversion of Clay Minerals in Coal during Coalification
Authors: Ning Shuyuan , Wang Zhenzhi , Wang Hui , Chen Chunxiang , Zhao Hui , Huang Bo , Zheng Qiming
Published: August 2024

Dengfeng Coalfield represents a significant coalfield in Henan Province, North China. It is therefore essential to gain an understanding of the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Dengfeng coal, both from a geochemical perspective and in terms of the wider environmental context. In this study, a total of 27 coal bench samples were collected from the No. II1 coal of the Dengfeng Coalfield. The mineral species and major elements were quantitatively analysed using the X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence methods, respectively. The minerals in the Dengfeng coal are dominated by ammonian illite and kaolinite with average contents of 3.73% and 7.47%, respectively. These are followed by calcite (2.74% on average) and ankerite (0.49%). The mean value of the kaolinite Hinkley index, which is a quantitative measure of kaolinite crystallinity, is 1.26. This suggests that kaolinite formation is primarily driven by diagenetic recrystallisation. The ammonian illite exhibits an average d001 of 10.2995 Å, indicative of a prevalence of NH4+ interlayer cations, with K+ also present in notable quantities. The ratio of NH4⁺ to (NH4⁺ + K⁺) has an average value of 0.90, which is indicative of the predominance of NH4⁺. The mean value of the illite Kübler index, which is a quantitative measure of illite crystallinity, is 0.264. This suggests that the diagenetic conditions correspond to the rank of the Dengfeng coal. The kaolinite present in the Dengfeng coal is suggested to have been derived from terrigenous detritus and subsequently subjected to diagenetic recrystallisation, resulting in a relatively high Hinkley index. The ammonian illite in the Dengfeng coal was predominantly formed through the conversion of the precursor kaolinite, with the influence of seawater during peat accumulation favouring the conversion of kaolinite to ammonian illite.
Influence of Laser Scanning Speed on Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum–Nickel Coating on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Gao Yali , Jiang Shan , Lu Pengyong , Bai Sicheng , Zhang Dongdong , Jie Meng
Published: August 2024

To improve the wear and corrosion resistance, Al-Ni coating was prepared on Mg alloy by laser cladding, and the influence of the laser scanning speed on the microstructure, wear and corrosion resistance of the coatings was systematically analyzed. The results showed that the coatings with different scanning speeds were composed of Al3Ni2, Mg17Al12 and Mg2Al3 phases. The coatings presented fine needle-like grains. Under different scanning speeds, the microhardness of the coatings was 3.3–4.8 times that of the substrate, and the wear volume of the coatings was decreased by 40.08–51.38%. The coating with a laser scanning speed of 600 mm/min had the highest hardness, the best wear and corrosion resistance.
Compensation Mechanism of Controllable Load Shifting during Peak-Down Period Based on Revenue Balance Method
Authors: Li Yalong , Du Wenlu , Liang Chen , Xu Yuzhi , Li Yaxin
Published: August 2024

With the large-scale integration of new energy, the obstruction of new energy consumption is prone to occur often during peak-down periods with a low load and high output of new energy. It is urgent to mobilize controllable load shifting through compensation mechanisms to achieve the goals of peak shaving, valley filling, and promotion of new energy consumption. This study constructs a framework of auxiliary service market and compensation mechanism for power shift between new energy power generation enterprises and controllable load enterprises. Secondly, aiming to achieve the principle of revenue balance between new energy power generation enterprises and controllable load enterprises, a quantity and price compensation model based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Then, under the principle of determining the compensation order of different controllable load enterprises through comprehensive evaluation and formulating differentiated compensation prices one by one, a compensation method and process for controllable load enterprises to shift have been established. Finally, through a case analysis, compensation prices for five types of controllable loads were formulated, with values ranging from 99.36 to 197.41 CNY/MWh. This increased the compensation for controllable loads on the basis of the original peak-valley price, verifying the feasibility of the method described in this study.
Deep Learning Framework for Accurate Static and Dynamic Prediction of CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery and Storage Capacity
Authors: Xiao Zhipeng , Shen Bin , Yang Jiguang , Yang Kun , Zhang Yanbin , Yang Shenglai
Published: August 2024

As global warming intensifies, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is widely used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) technology has, once again, received attention, which can achieve the dual benefits of oil recovery and CO2 storage. However, flexibly and effectively predicting the CO2 flooding and storage capacity of potential reservoirs is a major problem. Traditional prediction methods often lack the ability to comprehensively integrate static and dynamic predictions and, thus, cannot fully understand CO2-EOR and storage capacity. This study proposes a comprehensive deep learning framework, named LightTrans, based on a lightweight gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and Temporal Fusion Transformers, for dynamic and static prediction of CO2-EOR and storage capacity. The model predicts cumulative oil production, CO2 storage amount, and Net Present Value on a test set with an average R-square (R2) of 0.9482 and an average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.0143. It shows great static prediction performance. In addition, its average R2 of dynamic prediction is 0.9998, and MAPE is 0.0025. It shows excellent dynamic prediction ability. The proposed model successfully captures the time-varying characteristics of CO2-EOR and storage systems. It is worth noting that our model is 105–106 times faster than traditional numerical simulators, which once again demonstrates the high-efficiency value of the LightTrans model. Our framework provides an efficient, reliable, and intelligent solution for the development and optimization of CO2 flooding and storage.
Flow and Heat Transfer of Shale Oil Reservoir during CO2 Enhanced Pyrolysis: A Pore-Scale Modeling
Authors: Shi Yang , Weng Dingwei , Cai Bo , Zhang Yunpeng , Zhang Yaochen , Wang Bin , Wang Haizhu
Published: August 2024

This study extensively investigates the influence of different pyrolysis temperatures and organic matter contents on the fluid flow and heat transfer properties in oil shale samples. Utilizing CT images to generate three-dimensional digital rock, coupled simulations of CO2 flow and heat transfer were conducted, analyzing parameters such as velocity fields, permeability, temperature fields, average temperatures, and heat transfer coefficients. The results reveal that, for relatively homogeneous oil shale samples, the permeability exhibits a monotonous increase with rising pyrolysis temperature. While the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the distribution characteristics of velocity and temperature fields is minimal, it significantly impacts the heat transfer coefficients. Specifically, the heat transfer coefficients increase significantly in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane, while they decrease or remain unchanged parallel to it. Additionally, the organic matter content significantly influences the fluid flow and heat transfer properties of shale samples. After undergoing heat treatment, the heterogeneity of pore structures in shale samples varies significantly, affecting the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer. The influence of organic matter content and pyrolysis temperature on fluid flow and heat transfer in shale primarily stems from the effect of organic matter pyrolysis on the original pore structure. The development and connectivity of pore networks are closely related to the distribution characteristics of the original organic matter and are not directly correlated with the organic matter content. These findings provide essential theoretical guidance and technical support for the development and utilization of oil shale resources, while also offering valuable references and insights for future research.
It Takes a Village! Editorship, Advocacy, and Research in Running an Open Access Data Journal
Authors: Wigdorowitz Mandy , Ribary Marton , Farina Andrea , Lima Eleonora , Borkowski Daniele , Marongiu Paola , Sorensen Amanda H. , Timis Christelle , McGillivray Barbara
Published: August 2024

Partaking in the editorial process of an academic journal is both a challenging and rewarding experience. It takes a village of dedicated individuals with a vested interest in the dissemination and sharing of high-quality research outputs. As members of the editorial team of an open access data journal, we reflect on the emergence of data-driven open research, a new journal genre (data paper), and a new journal type (data journal) in the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences (AHSS). Access to data—the currency of empirical research—is valuable to the research community, crucial to scientific integrity, and leads to cumulative advancements in knowledge. It therefore requires significant investment and appropriate venues for dissemination. We illustrate the necessity of raising awareness about data-driven open research and best practices in data-driven publishing. We discuss how it involves building a community of authors and readers, establishing a company of editors, reviewers, and support staff, and passing on the practice, which has been challenging the status quo in research and publishing. Potential future directions are considered, including data peer review and reward, recognition, and funding structures for data sharing.
European Non-Performing Exposures (NPEs) and Climate-Related Risks: Country Dimensions
Authors: Di Febo Elisa , Angelini Eliana , Le Tu
Published: August 2024

The EU faces two economic challenges: managing non-performing exposures (NPEs) and climate change. This paper analyzes the relationship between the NPEs of domestic banking groups and climate risks, including macroeconomic variables such as the GDP growth rate, unemployment rate (UnEmp), and the voice and accountability percentile (VCA) and the interaction variable between the GHG and the Rule of Law Percentile (GhGRLP). The estimation uses ordinary least squares with time-fixed and individual effects. Physical and transition risks significantly affect NPEs, showing that both adverse climate events and the transition to a low-carbon economy worsen the financial situation of European banking institutions. The analysis also revealed that increased levels of VCA lead to a rise in NPEs, while an increase in GhGRLP reduces NPEs. In contrast, financial institutions tend to recognize and report NPEs more accurately in contexts with greater transparency and accountability. In comparison, UnEmp negatively affects NPEs, suggesting that economic support measures during high unemployment can reduce NPEs in the subsequent period. In conclusion, climate risk management represents a crucial challenge for the financial stability of banking institutions. Policymakers and financial institutions must continue to develop and implement climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies to preserve financial system stability amid growing climate uncertainties.
A Feature Line Extraction Method for Building Roof Point Clouds Considering the Grid Center of Gravity Distribution
Authors: Yu Jinzheng , Wang Jingxue , Zang Dongdong , Xie Xiao
Published: August 2024

Feature line extraction for building roofs is a critical step in the 3D model reconstruction of buildings. A feature line extraction algorithm for building roof point clouds based on the linear distribution characteristics of neighborhood points was proposed in this study. First, the virtual grid was utilized to provide local neighborhood information for the point clouds, aiding in identifying the linear distribution characteristics of the center of the gravity points on the feature line and determining the potential feature point set in the original point clouds. Next, initial segment elements were selected from the feature point set, and the iterative growth of these initial segment elements was performed by combining the RANSAC linear fitting algorithm with the distance constraint. Compatibility was used to determine the need for merging growing results to obtain roof feature lines. Lastly, according to the distribution characteristics of the original points near the feature lines, the endpoints of the feature lines were determined and optimized. Experiments were conducted using two representative building datasets. The results of the experiments showed that the proposed algorithm could directly extract high-quality roof feature lines from point clouds for both single buildings and multiple buildings.
An Integrated Photonic Biosensing Platform for Pathogen Detection in Aquaculture
Authors: Knoben Wout , Graf Siegfried , Borutta Florian , Tegegne Zerihun , Ningler Michael , Blom Arthur , Dam Henk , Evers Kevin , Schonenberg Rens , Schütz-Trilling Anke , Veerbeek Janneke , Arnet Roman , Fretz Mark , Revol Vincent , Valentin Thomas , Bridges Christopher R. , Schulz Stephan K. , van Kerkhof Joost , Leenstra Anne , Orujov Farid , van Middendorp Henk
Published: August 2024

Aquaculture is expected to play a vital role in solving the challenge of sustainably providing the growing world population with healthy and nutritious food. Pathogen outbreaks are a major risk for the sector, so early detection and a timely response are crucial. This can be enabled by monitoring the pathogen levels in aquaculture facilities. This paper describes a photonic biosensing platform based on silicon nitride waveguide technology with integrated active components, which could be used for such applications. Compared to the state of the art, the current system presents improvements in terms of miniaturization of the Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) and the development of wafer-level processes for hybrid integration of active components and for material-selective chemical and biological surface modification. Furthermore, scalable processes for integrating the PIC in a microfluidic cartridge were developed, as well as a prototype desktop readout instrument. Three bacterial aquaculture pathogens (Aeromonas salmonicida, Vagococcus salmoninarum, and Yersinia ruckeri) were selected for assay development. DNA biomarkers were identified, corresponding primer-probe sets designed, and qPCR assays developed. The biomarker for Aeromonas was also detected using the hybrid PIC platform. This is the first successful demonstration of biosensing on the hybrid PIC platform.
Structural Anti-Roma Racism in Italian Middle Schools
Authors: Smedile Concetta , Ramírez-García Antonia
Published: August 2024

This study examines persistent racism, despite its formal denial, through an interdisciplinary approach that combines critical race theories, whiteness study and social psychology. It questions whether the analytical and empirical distinction between different forms of prejudice—despite their coexistence—can yield positive outcomes in the fight against racism. Considering the case of the Roma community in Italy, specifically within the universalistic approach of the Italian school system, the level of prejudice was measured in a sample of 305 middle school teachers. The main findings confirm the persistence of blatant prejudice concealed beneath a veneer of subtle racism and reveal that an educational institution’s rhetorical commitment to democracy may not substantially impact the behavior of democratic teachers when interacting with Roma individuals. The systemic inequalities ingrained within the education system are reminiscent of colonial times, where practices that once suppressed the potential of Africans are now used against Italian Roma citizens. This article finally suggests how teacher training might be improved to reduce racism, based on the different profiles of prejudicial attitudes detected among teachers.
A Comprehensive Study on Hydrogen Production via Waste Heat Recovery of a Natural Gas-Fueled Internal Combustion Engine in Cogeneration Power-Hydrogen Layouts: 4E Study and Optimization
Authors: Zoghi Mohammad , Hosseinzadeh Nasser , Gharaie Saleh , Zare Ali
Published: August 2024

Internal combustion engines (ICEs) are one of the significant sources of wasted energy, with approximately 65% of their input energy being wasted and dissipated into the environment. Given their wide usage globally, it is necessary to find ways to recover their waste energies, addressing this inefficiency and reducing environmental pollution. While previous studies have explored various aspects of waste energy recovery, a comparative analysis of different bottoming configurations has been lacking. In this research, an extensive review of the existing literature was conducted by an exploration of four key bottoming cycles: the steam Rankine cycle (SRC), CO2 supercritical Brayton cycle, inverse Brayton cycle (IBC), and air bottoming cycle. In addition, these four main bottoming systems are utilized for the waste energy recovery of natural gas-fired ICE with a capacity of 584 kW and an exhausted gas temperature of 493 °C. For the efficient waste heat recovery of residual exhausted gas and heat rejection stage of the main bottoming system, two thermoelectric generators are utilized. Then, the produced power in bottoming systems is sent to a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for hydrogen production. A comprehensive 4E (energy, exergy, exergy-economic, and environmental) optimization is conducted to find the best main bottoming system for hydrogen production. Results showed that the SRC-based system has the highest exergy efficiency (21.93%), while the IBC-based system results in the lowest efficiency (13.72%), total cost rate (25.58 $/h), and unit cost of hydrogen production (59.91 $/GJ). This combined literature review and research article underscore the importance of finding an economically efficient bottoming cycle in the context of waste energy recovery and hydrogen production.
Streamlining Distribution Routes Using the Language Model of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kleinová Kristína , Straka Martin
Published: August 2024

This article addresses the use of artificial intelligence for the needs of effective, sustainable development in logistics and its components. The subject of this article is to highlight the possibility of processing optimization methods using an artificial intelligence module. The goal is to determine whether the AI module can replicate the same, or at least have a similar result, as the traditional optimization methods used in practice. The challenge involves constantly identifying reserves in already highly sophisticated micro-logistics systems using modern commercial means of artificial intelligence. Applying artificial intelligence to elements of a company’s micro-logistics model is a new approach. This article aims to determine whether artificial intelligence can reduce costs through calculations in a specific area defined for it. By optimizing distribution routes using ChatGPT-3.5, we significantly reduced the total distance traveled, leading to substantial savings in transportation costs. This optimization led to a significant improvement in the efficiency of logistic processes and considerable cost savings. This result demonstrates that artificial intelligence can be an effective tool for solving complex logistic tasks. The possibilities of effectively sustainable logistics development with the help of artificial intelligence lie not only in the quality of the achieved outputs but also in the speed of the calculations and the procedures for solving defined project tasks. It follows from this definition that artificial intelligence will continue to play an essential role in the defined field of logistics in the future.
Advanced Technologies on Indoor Environment Quality in Sustainable Buildings
Authors: Sheng Ying
Published: August 2024

With the improvement of living standards and the enhancement of health awareness, Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) has become a hot topic of concern for the public and researchers [...]
An Approach for Future Droughts in Northwest Türkiye: SPI and LSTM Methods
Authors: Taylan Emine Dilek
Published: August 2024

Predetermining the risk of possible future droughts enables proactive measures to be taken in key areas such as agriculture, water management, and food security. Through these predictions, governments, non-governmental organizations, and farmers can develop water-saving strategies, encourage more efficient use of water, and minimize economic losses that may occur due to drought. Thus, future drought forecasts stand out as a strategic planning tool for the protection of natural resources. To achieve this aim, forecasted drought conditions for the next decade (2024–2034) at nine meteorological stations in the Sakarya basin, located northwest of Türkiye, are examined, using historical monthly precipitation data from 1991 to 2023. This study uses the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning methods to investigate future meteorological droughts. The research confirms the compatibility and reliability of the LSTM method for forecasting meteorological droughts by comparing historical and forecasted SPI values’ correlograms and trends. In addition, drought maps are created to visually represent the spatial distribution of the most severe droughts expected in the coming years, and areas at risk of drought in the Sakarya Basin are determined. The study contributes to the limited literature on forward-looking drought forecasts in the Sakarya Basin and provides valuable information for long-term water resource planning and drought management in the region.
Research on Evaluation of City–Industry Integration in Industrial Parks
Authors: Xu Mingqiang , Luo Yaoyao , Li Dingyao
Published: August 2024

The original meaning of city–industry integration should be understood as the coordination, balance, reasonable layout, and mutual support between urban production functional areas and service functional areas, which both have urban populations as their core element. The evaluation of city–industry integration in industrial parks can be carried out from two aspects: land–industry integration and residence–industry integration. The secondary indexes of the former mainly include industrial land efficiency and service sector land efficiency, while the secondary indicators of the latter mainly include supporting rail transit and the matching degree between residence and environment. The output value, land use structure, enterprise profile, employment rates, investments, air quality, rail transit system and other data points regarding sample industrial parks were collected by means of geofencing as well as through the creation of an enterprise credit information database and development area yearbook. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with expert scoring was used to determine the index weights and implement the evaluation of city–industry integration. This study found that city–industry integration in Beijing and the Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zones is at the forefront of sample industrial parks, and the entropy weight evaluation method verified this evaluation result. The analysis of the benchmark development zone of city–industry integration shows that the Chengdu model and the Beijing model are worthy of reference for growing and mature industrial parks when promoting city–industry integration.
Drivers and Barriers in the Adoption of Green Heating and Cooling Technologies: Policy and Market Implications for Europe
Authors: Pezzutto Simon , Bottino-Leone Dario , Wilczynski Eric , Fraboni Riccardo
Published: August 2024

Space heating and cooling (H&C) constitute nearly half of Europe’s total energy consumption, yet only 23% of this demand is fulfilled by renewable sources. Green H&C technologies, characterized by both renewable energy usage and energy efficiency, remain underutilized despite their significant environmental and economic advantages. This study aims to identify the socio-economic barriers and drivers influencing the adoption of green H&C technologies across Europe. Employing a comprehensive analysis of policy, technological, and market dynamics, this study indicates how a synergy of policy frameworks and market forces can enhance the diffusion of these sustainable technologies. The results showed that key barriers, including dependence on fossil fuels, electricity supply challenges, lack of professional know-how, inertia, and concerns over noise and supply security, can be substantially mitigated through strategic policymaking and technological advancements. Moreover, policy measures, subsidies, incentives, R&D activities, and regulatory frameworks can effectively reduce uncertainties and enhance the competitiveness of green H&C systems compared to conventional methods.