bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-wavelength pulse generation via light-sail backscattering
Authors: Nies R , Krushelnick K , R Thomas A G
Published: May 2023

The next generation of multipetawatt laser facilities may enable new opportunities in radiation-pressure driven ion-acceleration. Owing to the motion of the thin solid foil used as a target in such experiments, the laser light reflected from the surface will be Doppler downshifted. We show that the downshifted light can be correlated with the ion energies and may be used as a diagnostic of the acceleration mechanism. The possibility of using the back-scattered light in ion acceleration experiments to produce long-wavelength few-cycle pulses is also explored. The highest ion velocities are obtained in the light-sail regime, the theory of which is here extended to regimes with varying reflectivity due to a time-dependent intensity. The reflected pulse with a large Doppler redshift and approximately linear chirp may subsequently be compressed using a grating compressor to obtain a near single cycle pulse with long wavelength and relatively high intensity. Analytic estimates are supported by 1D3P relativistic particle-in-cell simulations.
Use of electrical measurements for non-invasive estimation of plasma electron density in the inductively coupled SPIDER ion source
Authors: Jain Palak , Recchia Mauro , Sartori Emanuele , Serianni Gianluigi , Poggi Carlo , Ugoletti Margherita , Zaniol Barbara
Published: May 2023

SPIDER (source for the production of ions of deuterium extracted from RF plasma) is the full-scale prototype of the ITER neutral beam injector ion source. The plasma heating takes place inside eight drivers via inductive coupling, through the radiofrequency (RF) coil. To achieve optimum conditions during source operation it is necessary to know the plasma behavior under various operational conditions. One of the essential parameters is the plasma electron density. It is possible to experimentally measure this parameter and, currently, different methods are being explored, such as the estimations coming from a Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy. However, these methods are either available for temporary measurements or require dedicated analyses with large uncertainties. In this regard, alternative, reliable, and fast diagnostic tools will be beneficial for the estimation of the order of magnitude of electron density inside the driver. Two models for the estimation of electron density are recalled, discussed, and further modified in this work: one is based on the classical power balance equation, and the other is recently described in the literature and relies on classical plasma conductivity. Both models use equivalent electrical parameters of the driver derived from available electrical measurements at the output of the RF generator and through the knowledge of the matching network and the transmission line length. This work explicitly focuses on the application of these models to estimate the plasma electron density in a single driver of SPIDER. Furthermore, the estimations are compared with the first experimental results obtained from temporary electrostatic probe measurements and are found to be in good agreement in terms of magnitude and trends.
Closure theory for high-collisionality multi-ion plasmas
Authors: Ji Jeong-Young
Published: May 2023

A general formalism is developed to construct and solve a system of linearized moment equations for parallel and perpendicular closures in high-collisionality plasmas. It is applicable for multiple ion species with arbitrary masses, temperatures, charges, and densities. The convergence of closure coefficients is evaluated by increasing the number of moments from 2 to 32 for scalar, vector, and rank-2 tensor moments. As an example, the complete set of closure coefficients for a deuterium-carbon plasma over the entire Hall parameter range is presented. The closure coefficients at various temperature ratios show that the one-temperature closure coefficients can differ significantly from the two-temperature coefficients.
Miniaturized HTS linear flux pump with a charging capability of 120 A
Authors: Chen Dachuan , Bi Yanbo , Wu Wei , Chen Yiwen , Yu Xin , Zhu Siping , Zhang Chao , Hong Zhiyong , Wang Longbiao , Li Xiao-Fen
Published: May 2023

Owing to the presence of joint resistance and flux creep, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils without a power supply inevitably suffer from current decay. A flux pump is a voltage supply that requires connections with smaller footprints and a lower heat load than traditional current leads. In this study, we explain the principle of the upper limit for the output current of the traveling wave flux pumps. Based on this principle, a miniaturized linear flux pump device was developed. With narrow and misaligned iron teeth, elaborate 3D geometry of the iron pieces, and optimized driving current waveform, the miniaturized flux pump can support more than 120 A output current with only a 10 mm wide HTS tape and a compact size of 4.6 × 4.6 × 3.4 cm. Our experimental results show that the critical current of the HTS tape has a significant effect on the flux pump output. An HTS tape with a larger critical current supports a higher maximum transport current, whereas an HTS tape with a smaller critical current requires less applied current for positive output. Finally, excitation tests on HTS coils were performed. Charge/active discharge and field supplement experiments were done on a maglev HTS racetrack coil of 0.4 H, where charging/field supplement capability of the miniaturized flux pump were demonstrated up to 46.8 A (close to the critical current of the coil). It has also been proved that the flux pump can work together with an external power supply with persistent current switch. The miniaturized flux pump can also independently charge an HTS coil of 60 μH to 91.6 A, which is the critical current of the coil at a low voltage criterion.
Itinerant ferromagnetism in SU(N)-symmetric fermi gases at finite temperature: first order phase transitions and time-reversal symmetry
Authors: Huang Chen-How , Cazalilla Miguel A
Published: May 2023

At temperatures well below the Fermi temperature T

F
, the coupling of magnetic fluctuations to particle-hole excitations in a two-component Fermi gas leads to non-analytic corrections in the renormalized free energy and makes the transition to itinerant ferromagnetism first order. On the other hand, despite that larger symmetry often introduces larger degeneracies in the low-lying states, here we show that for a Fermi gas with SU(N > 2)-symmetry in three space dimensions the ferromagnetic phase transition is first order in agreement with the predictions of Landau’s mean-field theory in its minimal formulation, which contains a cubic term in the free-energy (Cazalilla et al 2009 New J. Phys.
11 103033). By performing unrestricted Hartree–Fock calculations for an SU(N > 2)-symmetric Fermi gas with short range interactions, we find the order parameter undergoes a finite jump across the transition. In addition, for SU(N > 2) we do not observe any tri-critical point up to temperatures

T
≃
0.5

T
F

, for which the thermal smearing of the Fermi surface and thermal fluctuations are substantial. Going beyond mean-field theory, we find that the coupling of magnetic fluctuations to particle-hole excitations makes the transition more abrupt and further enhances the tendency of the gas to become fully polarized for smaller values of N and the gas parameter

k
F

a
s

. In our study, we also clarify the role of time reversal symmetry in the microscopic Hamiltonian and obtain the temperature dependence of Tan’s contact. For the latter, the presence of the tri-critical point for N = 2 leads to a more pronounced temperature dependence around the transition than for SU(N > 2)-symmetric gases. Although the results are obtained for a microscopic model relevant to ultracold atomic gases, they may also apply to models of solid state systems with SU(N > 2) symmetry provided Coulomb interactions are sufficiently well screened.
Ion effects on the scaling of magnetic field amplification in plasmas with the system size
Authors: Lan Jie-Jie , Hu Zhang-Hu , Wang Xiao-Juan , Wang You-Nian
Published: May 2023

Magnetic field amplification during the nonlinear stage of the current filamentation instability excited by ultra-relativistic electron beams is investigated with a two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code, with special attention paid to the effects of plasma ions and the system size. The effect of plasma ions is shown to be significant and enhanced magnetic field amplification and beam energy deposition are found due to plasma cavity expansion and merger. When the system size in the transverse direction (perpendicular to the beam propagation direction) is enlarged by a factor of m, the transverse magnetic field energy is found to increase by a factor of m
2 in the case of the plasma with movable ions, in contrast to m with immovable ions. The results are also confirmed by three-dimensional PIC simulations.
Universal entanglement signatures of quantum liquids as a guide to fermionic criticality
Authors: Patra Siddhartha , Mukherjee Anirban , Lal Siddhartha
Published: May 2023

An outstanding challenge involves understanding the many-particle entanglement of liquid states of quantum matter that arise in systems of interacting electrons. The Fermi liquid (FL) shows a violation of the area-law in real-space entanglement entropy of a subsystem, believed to be a signature of the ground state of a gapless quantum critical system of interacting fermions. Here, we apply a T = 0 renormalization group approach to the FL, unveiling the long-wavelength quantum fluctuations from which long-range entanglement arises. A similar analysis of non-Fermi liquids such as the 2D marginal Fermi liquid (MFL) and the 1D Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid reveals a universal logarithmic violation of the area-law in gapless electronic liquids, with a proportionality constant that depends on the nature of the underlying Fermi surface. We extend this analysis to classify the gapped quantum liquids emergent from the destabilisation of the Fermi surface by renormalisation group relevant quantum fluctuations arising from backscattering processes.
Effects of TiO2, CuO, and SiO2 nanoparticles addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10 wt% Zn alloy
Authors: AbdElRhiem Eman , Mostafa M M , Nada R H , Mohamed S G , Barakat Y F , Abdelaziz Shereen M
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the effects of adding TiO2, CuO, and SiO2 (1 wt%) nanoparticles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10 wt% Zn alloy. A set of composite alloys was produced by incorporating SiO2, CuO, and TiO2 nanoparticles to the Al-10 wt% Zn alloy. Optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with an Energy Dispersive Spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the microstructure of these alloys. The mechanical properties of the composite solders were assessed using the Vickers hardness tests. After a solution heat treatment at 500 K for 2 h, samples were immediately aged at 373 to 473 K for 2 h, followed by water quenching at 300 K. The experimental data indicated that Al-10 wt% Zn-1wt% SiO2 samples had the highest hardness values among all investigated composite alloys. The calculated porosity percentages of the composite alloys revealed that the Al-10 wt% Zn-1 wt% SiO2 samples had the lowest percentage. This finding can be attributed to the fact that these samples demonstrated the highest hardness values. The hardness of all composite alloys decreased with increasing the aging temperature with anomalous behavior at 443 K, where they had abnormally high values. The observed differences in the mean crystallite size, lattice strain, and dislocation density of the composite alloys, calculated from XRD data with increasing aging temperature, are attributed to the precipitation in Al-Zn alloys. The calculated values of the stress exponent and activation energy of composite alloys may be associated with grain boundary diffusion (GBD) as the dominant operating mechanism.
A critical evaluation of structural, optical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties of novel erbium (III) oxide-reinforced borosilicate barium glass system
Authors: Abouhaswa A S , Sayyed M I , Mahmoud K G
Published: May 2023

A borosilicate barium glass series doped by erbium (III) oxide was fabricated using the conventional melt quenching technique with a melting temperature of 1100 °C and an annealing temperature of 400 °C. The x-ray diffraction pattern confirms that the glass samples are amorphous and have no long-range atomic arrangement. The densities of the borosilicate barium enhanced from 2.9749 g cm−3 to 3.0126 g cm−3 with an increasing Er2O3 substitution ratio. The UV–vis spectrum measurement showed an enhancement in the refractive index of the samples from 2.311 to 2.336. The γ-ray shielding properties of the fabricated glasses were estimated between 0.059 and 1.332 MeV. The obtained results showed an enhancement in the linear attenuation coefficient with increasing the Er2O3 substitution ratio to the borosilicate barium glass at low γ-photon energies while no considerable enhancement was achieved in the high and intermediate γ-photon energies. At γ-photon energy of 0.059 MeV, the linear attenuation coefficient was enhanced by a factor of ≈38%, while this ratio dropped to less than 10% for high and intermediate γ-photon energy. The mentioned results showed that the low concentrations of Er2O3 possess a significant enhancement in optical properties and low γ- ray shielding.
Mechanical, vibration, and optical properties of IrAl intermetallic compound via DFT calculations: high-pressure effect
Authors: Kars Durukan İlknur
Published: May 2023

In this study, the effect of pressure on the structural, elastic, anisotropy, electronic, phonon, and optical properties of the IrAl compound in B2 structure was investigated by the first-principles method. The lattice constant, volume, density, and bulk modulus parameters were compared with theoretical and experimental data at zero pressure, and their variations with pressure effect were also examined. The IrAl compound fullfills the Born criteria at all pressure values, indicating structural stability, as no instability is observed even with increasing pressure. The compound exhibits ductile properties according to Paugh ratio (B/G), Cauchy pressure (C12–C44, C’), and Poisson ratio (λ) criteria. Electronically metallic in nature, it has maintained this nature with pressure variation. The absence of negative frequencies in the phonon dispersion curve explains that the compound is dynamically stable. Mulliken Atom Populations analysis was used to understand the bond properties between Ir-Al atoms, focusing on charge transfer and ionicity. The complex dielectric function was employed to determine the optical properties and evaluate their variations under pressure. Finally, the effect of pressure on the physical and electronic properties of the IrAl compound useful for coating applications were evaluated.
Heating up Peccei-Quinn scale
Authors: Ramazanov Sabir , Samanta Rome
Published: May 2023

We discuss production of QCD axion dark matter in a novel scenario, which assumes time-varying scale of Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking. The latter decreases as the Universe's temperature at early times and eventually stabilises at a large constant value. Such behavior is caused by the portal interaction between the complex field carrying Peccei-Quinn charge and a Higgs-like scalar, which is in thermal equilibrium with primordial plasma. In this scenario, axions are efficiently produced during the parametric resonance decay of the
complex Peccei-Quinn field, relaxing to the minimum of its potential in the radiation-dominated stage. Notably, this process is not affected by the Universe's expansion rate and allows to generate the required abundance of dark matter independently of an axion mass. Phenomenological constraints on the model parameter space depend
on the number density of radial field fluctuations, which are also generically excited along with axions, and the rate of their thermalization in the primordial plasma.
For the ratio of radial field and axion particles number densities larger than ∼ 0.01 at the end of parametric resonance decay, the combination of cosmological and astrophysical observations with the CAST limit confines
the Peccei-Quinn scale to a narrow range of values ∼ 108 GeV, —
this paves the way for ruling out our scenario with the near future searches for axions.
Some space-time fractional bright–dark solitons and propagation manipulations for a fractional Gross–Pitaevskii equation with an external potential
Authors: Li Li , Yu Fajun
Published: May 2023

Some nonautonomous bright–dark solitons (NBDSs) and nonautonomous controllable behaviors in the conformable space-time fractional Gross–Pitaevskii (FGP) equation with some external potentials are derived. We consider the relations between the space-time FGP equation and the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation and analyze the properties of the obtained equation with group velocity dispersion and spatiotemporal dispersion. Then, some constraint conditions of the valid soliton solutions are given. Furthermore, we consider the effect of α and β in NBDSs of the space-time FGP equation. Some fractional spatial–temporal controlling wave prolong phenomena are considered, and some different propagation dynamics are generated via the different parameters α and β. We study novel shape bright soliton solution, novel ‘h’-shape dark soliton and some interactions of nonautonomous bright–dark solitons. The reported results of some novel interactions are considered, which can explain some models of the electrical and optical fields.
DIDR-Net: a sparse-view CT deep iterative reconstruction network with an independent detail recovery network
Authors: Wang Xiang , He Jichun , Liu Yi , Zhang Pengcheng , Cheng Weiting , Wang Bin , Gui Zhiguo
Published: May 2023

Sparse-view CT is an effective method to reduce X-ray
radiation dose in clinical CT imaging. However, sparse view image
reconstruction is still challenging due to highly undersampled
data. To this end, we propose a new deep learning-based
reconstruction model of CT images, called DIDR-Net. Unlike existing
methods, DIDR-Net employs a dual network structure, including an
iterative reconstruction sub-network and a detail recovery
sub-network. The iterative reconstruction sub-network expands the
FISTA (Fast Iterative Soft Thresholding Algorithm) into a deep
network, utilizing learnable nonlinear sparse transform and
shrinkage thresholding to improve reconstruction performance. To
avoid loss of image details while removing artifacts, we design a
detail recovery sub-network. Specifically, this sub-network captures
the local details and global information of the initial image
through local and global branches, and adaptively fuses the results
of these two branches through a fusion module. DIDR-Net generates
both the initial reconstruction map and the detail feature map in a
parallel manner, and finally fuses the two sides to reconstruct a
high-quality CT image. Experimental results on the AAPM public
dataset show that DIDR-Net exhibits better performance in both
streak artifact removal and detail structure preservation compared
to other advanced reconstruction algorithms.
Bioinspired medical needles: a review of the scientific literature
Authors: Fung-A-Jou Zola , Bloemberg Jette , Breedveld Paul
Published: May 2023

Needles are commonly used in medical procedures. However, current needle designs have some disadvantages. Therefore, a new generation of hypodermic needles and microneedle patches drawing inspiration from mechanisms found in nature (i.e. bioinspiration) is being developed. In this systematic review, 80 articles were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed and classified based on the strategies for needle-tissue interaction and propulsion of the needle. The needle-tissue interaction was modified to reduce grip for smooth needle insertion or enlarge grip to resist needle retraction. The reduction of grip can be achieved passively through form modification and actively through translation and rotation of the needle. To enlarge grip, interlocking with the tissue, sucking the tissue, and adhering to the tissue were identified as strategies. Needle propelling was modified to ensure stable needle insertion, either through external (i.e. applied to the prepuncturing movement of the needle) or internal (i.e. applied to the postpuncturing movement of the needle) strategies. External strategies include free-hand and guided needle insertion, while friction manipulation of the tissue was found to be an internal strategy. Most needles appear to be using friction reduction strategies and are inserted using a free-hand technique. Furthermore, most needle designs were inspired by insects, specifically parasitoid wasps, honeybees, and mosquitoes. The presented overview and description of the different bioinspired interaction and propulsion strategies provide insight into the current state of bioinspired needles and offer opportunities for medical instrument designers to create a new generation of bioinspired needles.
Human activities change suspended sediment concentration along rivers
Authors: Gardner John , Pavelsky Tamlin , Topp Simon , Yang Xiao , Ross Matthew R V , Cohen Sagy
Published: May 2023

Humans have drastically disrupted the global sediment cycle. Suspended sediment flux and concentration are key controls over both river morphology and river ecosystems. Our ability to understand sediment dynamics within river corridors is limited by observations. Here, we present RivSed, a database of satellite observations of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) from 1984 to 2018 across 460 large (>60 m wide) US rivers that provides a new, spatially explicit view of river sediment. We found that 32% of US rivers have a declining temporal trend in sediment concentration, with a mean reduction of 40% since 1984, whereas only 2% have an increasing trend. Most rivers (52%) show decreasing sediment concentration longitudinally moving downstream, typically due to a few large dams rather than the accumulated effect of many small dams. Comparing our observations with modeled ‘pre-dam’ longitudinal SSC, most rivers (53%) show different patterns. However, contemporary longitudinal patterns in concentration are remarkably stable from year to year since 1984, with more stability in large, highly managed rivers with less cropland. RivSed has broad applications for river geomorphology and ecology and highlights anthropogenic effects on river corridors across the US.
Drought impact prediction across time and space: limits and potentials of text reports
Authors: Stephan Ruth , Stahl Kerstin , Dormann Carsten F
Published: May 2023

Drought impact prediction can improve early warning and thus preparedness for droughts. Across Europe drought has and will continue to affect environment, society and economy with increasingly costly damages. Impact models are challenged by a lack of data, wherefore reported impacts archived in established inventories may serve as proxy for missing quantitative data. This study develops drought impact models based on the Alpine Drought Impact report Inventory (EDIIALPS) to evaluate the potential to predict impact occurrences. As predictors, the models use drought indices from the Alpine Drought Observatory and geographic variables to account for spatial variation in this mountainous study region. We implemented regression and random forest (RF) models and tested their potential (1) to predict impact occurrence in other regions, e.g. regions without data, and (2) to forecast impacts, e.g. for drought events near real-time. Both models show skill in predicting impacts for regions similar to training data and for time periods that have been extremely dry. Logistic regression outperforms RF models when predicting to very different conditions. Impacts are predicted best in summer and autumn, both also characterised by most reported impacts and therefore highlighting the relevance to accurately predict impacts during these seasons in order to improve preparedness. The model experiments presented reveal how impact-based drought prediction can be approached and complement index-based early warning of drought.
The role of the Dayak Uud Danum women in shifting cultivation
Authors: Roslinda Emi , Seri  , Hardiansyah Gusti , Iskandar  , Manurung Togar Fernando
Published: May 2023

Shifting cultivation is an agricultural activity to produce the food and cultural needs of the Dayak people living in Kalimantan. Both men and women carry out the activities. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of the Uud Danum Dayak women in each stage of shifting cultivation activities to meet the family’s food needs. The study used a qualitative approach, and data collection was carried out by participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that there were 12 stages in shifting cultivation activities of the Uud Danum Dayak community, where women played an active role in almost all stages of the activity. The active role of the Uud Danum Dayak women is in the form of physical involvement and determining the decision to farm.
Halal Control Points (HCP) traceability of pokak to support local food development at Geoparks Bromo, Tengger, Semeru (BTS)
Authors: Sucipto S , Kusuma T S , Zaytun P , Mulyadi A F , Hasanah N , Arwani M , Puspaningtyas S D , Hidayati L
Published: May 2023

Emphasis must be given to local food development, especially in major tourist destinations, including Geopark Bromo Tengger Semeru (BTS). Consumers perceive local food in tourist areas as more enticing once it incorporates functional, safe, and halal aspects. Halal food affirms the materials, equipment, and production. One of the central aspects that will be covered is halal traceability.Pokakis a local drink readily available in the Geopark BTS area that is often sold in syrup, the production is dominated by women in local communities. This study aims to identify the Halal Control Point (HCP) traceability model ofpokakto support the development of local food at Geoparks BTS. The results were obtained from the market’s four most renownedpokaksyrup brands. A descriptive-analytic method was used to collect data from the literature on standardpokaksyrup recipes. The method is based on HAS 23301 about HAS Criteria for processing industries. The HCP was identified on granulated, palm sugar, sodium benzoate, and water. The HCP (haram) risk of granulated sugar is in the refining (ion-exchange resins) and bleaching processes (activated carbon). Palm sugar dan sodium benzoate should comply with the material and process document’s halal requirements. The basic processes ofpokaksyrup use water, so the water separation process includes the HCP. The HCP ingredients and equipment do not meet halal standards and should be substituted with halal material and equipment alternatives. Implementing halal traceability ensures that local food at Geopark BTS complies with the halal standard.
Farmers’ Responses of Introducing Technology and its Production Sustainability
Authors: Rusdin  , Dahya  , Bungati  , Imran  , Witjaksono Julian
Published: May 2023

Cocoa is the cash crop for smallholder farmers in Southeast Sulawesi. In the past two decades cocoa is the leading commodity as the valuable crop in the dry land. Nowadays, farmers are facing the problem with low productivity due to aging crop, pest and disease attack. In order to increase household income and improving the productivity, research and development are needed with providing assistance and advancing to smallholder farmers. The activities aims to: a) Improve the knowledge and skills of farmers in cocoa farming in Kolaka Regency, b) Accelerate the adoption of cocoa technology innovations to users. This study was carried out in May till December 2017, in Lalombaa village, Kolaka District, Kolaka Regency. The focus of activities in the first year is mentoring and learning for cocoa cultivation farmers. Survey with a structured questionnaire guide were conducted and description methode was analyzed and presented in tabular form and interpreted descriptively. The results of the study showed that, from an economic point of view, that farmers who applied the recommended technology were able to get an income of IDR 22,680,000, - / ha per year with R/C 2.04, means that the farming is profitable. Meanwhile, the existing farmers only get IDR 10,615,000, - / ha.
Identifying Key Factors in Determining a Successful Agropreneurship Education in Merdeka Belajar Program
Authors: Haryati Novi , Fibrianingtyas Alia , Yuswita Effy , Lasitya Daffa Sandi , Irwandi Putra , Aulia Balqis Mufti , Nurirrozak Muhamad Zahran , Herdianti Dinda Febry
Published: May 2023

Agropreneurship provides job opportunities for the millennial generation amid the challenges of changing world business. However there seems to be enormous challenges in maintaining the elements of business in the real world. Merdeka Belajar Program provides quite a variety of choices for young people to improve their skills and competencies through education. The research was conducted with the objectives of: 1) identify the Agropreneurial education carried out on agricultural students, 2) identifying the opportunities and challenges and, 3) formulating strategies to improve the Agropreneurial spirit of agricultural students in Indonesia. This research is quantitative done by conducting semi-structured interviews and also literature studies to students of the Agricultural Socio-Economic Department. The results show that there are several challenges that are still being faced in the development of human resources related to Agropreneurial skill, such as the attractiveness for the younger generation to remain or start working in the agricultural sector which is still low. Entrepreneurship education materials are provided in both lectures and soft skills in the form of several programs. Final Projects are increasingly diverse from Community Empowerment, Entrepreneurship and Village Development. The SWOT analysis shows that strategies to increase the interest of the younger generation can be carried out by providing incentives for the excellence millennial generation (SO Strategy).
Income differences and feasibility of maize farming with different harvest times on dry land in Bali
Authors: Rinaldi Jemmy , Ketut Mahaputra I , Arya Nyoman Ngurah , Elisabeth Dian Adi Anggraeni , Silitonga Tulus Fernando
Published: May 2023

Maize is one of staple food sources. The low productivity of maize at farm level tends to change the maize harvest time from old harvest time for food need into the young one for commercial need and feed purposes which is considered more profitable by farmers. This study aimed to determine the income and feasibility of maize farming by applying different harvest times. The study was conducted in 2020 in the dry land of Musi Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali with participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approach involving 30 farmers. Data collected included input and output of maize farming. Data analysis used partial budget analysis to determine income and feasibility of maize farming. The results showed that maize farming at early harvested has 2.1 times higher income than that at optimal maturity harvested. With R/C ratio of 1.74, maize farming at early harvested was more profitable and feasible. If the farming pattern is applied continuously, it will reduce the supply of maize as staple food reserve. Therefore, policies from local government and arrangement from farmers in maize farming are needed so that the interests of fulfilling the needs of staple food as well as increasing farmers’ income can still be achieved.
Plant propagation Litsea garciae Vidal. with shoot cutting technique inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Ekamawanti H A , Ekyastuti W , Astiani D , Roslinda E , Widiastuti T , Kristianto
Published: May 2023

Litsea garciae Vidal. (engkala, kalangkala) is a fruit-producing plant useful as a potential medicinal plant and food. The availability of seedlings is a must if their potential is to be developed. The study aimed to evaluate the formation and growth of roots and shoots of L. garciae shoot cuttings in response to growth regulators and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation. The study used a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design. The treatments tested were growth regulators (without and with rootone-F) and AMF inoculation (without and with AMF). The shoot cuttings were planted in a mixture of cocopeat and husk charcoal (2:1 v/v) and placed in a propagation box in a screen house for 12 weeks. The live percentage, the percentage of callus cuttings, the percentage of rooted cuttings, and the percentage of cuttings sprouting all shoot cuttings planted reached 100%. The interaction between rootone-F and AMF had no significant effect on initiating root and shoot growth. However, cuttings treated without or with rootone-F showed a positive response to AMF inoculation, particularly in primary root formation and secondary root count. The secondary roots’ length and wet and dry weights of the cuttings with rootone-F were significantly lower than those without rootone-F.
Identification the rural economic potency using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) to devise development strategies
Authors: Rayesa N F. , Fibrianingtyas A , Ali D Y , Estiasih T , Bella L , Maizura M
Published: May 2023

This paper focus on identify the potency of rural area using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Some alternative of development strategies are discuss followed by the sensitivity of internal and external factors. In addition to PRA, data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, FGDs, and interpretation for 3 months. The results show that the selected villages have the potential to develop added value, but with the current conditions, stronger horizontal integration is still needed, assisted by external publications from the local government.
An analysis on the factors affecting the farmers in adopting refugia system in wonogiri regency
Authors: Indriyani I M , Anantanyu S , Rusdiyana E
Published: May 2023

This research aimed to find out the factors affecting the farmers in adopting refugia system as an attempt of conserving biodiversity of farm ecosystem. The location of research was selected purposively, Wonogiri Regency. The informants were selected using purposive sampling technique, consisting of rice farmers who have acquired information about refugia system, Agricultural Extension Officer (PPL), and Plant Disease Controller – Pest and Disease Observer (POPT-PHP). The fundamental research method employed was qualitative one with case study approach. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model of data analysis. Data validation was carried out using source and method triangulations. The result of research showed that the factors affecting the farmers in adopting refugia system are characteristics of individual farmers, refugia system with varying benefits, farmer group as social system, interpersonal communication channel, farmers and groups’ types of decision, and condition of agricultural extension officer and pest observer.
Land equivalent ratio polyculture of liberica coffee (Coffea liberica)-areca nut (Areca catechu L.) and liberica coffee-tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)
Authors: Hartawan Rudi , Azman  , Nengsih Yulistiati , Adistya Adilla , Marwan Edy
Published: May 2023

The research was carried out at Sungai Beras Village, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, in May-August 2021. The research object was five years old areca nut with three years old liberica coffee, ten years old tall coconut with three years old liberica coffee, three years old liberica coffee, five years old areca nuts, and ten years old tall coconut. The equipment used was GPS, scales, meters, and a camera. This study used a survey method by numbering the sample with a systemic sampling. The parameters observed in this study were plant height, spacing, stem diameter, crop productivity, and the LER between coffee-areca nut and coffee-coconut polycultures. The results showed that liberica coffee polyculture cultivation with areca nut or tall coconut was better than monoculture liberica coffee cultivation. The productivity of the liberica coffee polyculture cultivation area with areca nut plants increased by 19% compared to the productivity of the liberica coffee monoculture. The productivity of liberica coffee polyculture with tall coconut increased by 8% compared to the productivity of liberica coffee monoculture. There is a difference in land productivity of 11% when liberica coffee is cultivated in polyculture with areca nuts compared to liberica coffee polyculture with tall coconut.
The Effectiveness of Fragrant Biopesticide of Lemon Cigarette Biopesticide to Control Fruit Flies on Large Chilli Plants
Authors: Rusdi  , Rusaldy Amalia
Published: May 2023

Problems that are often encountered in increasing the production of large chili plants are pests and diseases. Some important pests that generally attack chili plants are armyworms, aphids, fruit flies, and mites. The study aimed to obtain citronella biopesticides that were effective in controlling fruit fly pests on large chili plants, using a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 levels of treatment and 5 repetitions. Biopesticide treatment consisted of citronella ash biopesticide (Ts4), citronella extract (Ts3), citronella oil (Ts2), existing (Ts1), and without biopesticide (Ts0). The results showed that citronella oil biopesticides (Ts2) had better potency than other biopesticides and controls. All citronella biopesticide treatments have low effectiveness against fruit fly pests (<40%). The main weather factor is high-intensity rain which greatly affects the effectiveness of biopesticide in the process of controlling fruit flies. Economically, the application of citronella biopesticides technology and existing biopesticides is beneficial for businesses. The value of income per hectare from large chili farming starts from the highest to the lowest respectively: treatment Ts2 (income Rp. 60,977,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.640), Ts3 (income Rp. 57,852,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.516), Ts1 (income Rp. 57,527,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.504), Ts4 (income Rp. 53,952,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.346) and Ts0 (income Rp. 46,852,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.171). With an average B/C ratio of > 1, it means that the citronella biopesticide technology is feasible to be developed to control fruit fly pests on large chili plants.
Achieving “No Hunger” through the implementation of the Sustainable Food Reserve Garden Program by the Women Farmers’ Group
Authors: Hendriadi Agung , Effendi Mohammad Wiryadi , Raharjo Agung Saras Sri , Wahyuni Sri
Published: May 2023

Indonesia is committed to supporting the achievement of (SDGs). To achieve No Hunger (SDGs’ 2), The Agency for Food Security of Indonesia had been implemented the program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) or Sustainable Food Reserve Garden. This paper is presenting the results of the program’s implementation, through an evaluation survey conducted from February to May 2021. The number of samples was 431 out of 6.745 women farmers’ groups involved in the P2L. The samples were classified into three groups namely: grower (1st stage), development (2nd stage), and continuous development (3rd stage). The indicators for evaluating the achievement of the program were: Food Availability (FAv), Food Accessibility (FAc), Food Utilization (FUt), and Nutritional Status (NS). The primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire guideline in google form, focus group discussion, and direct calling, while secondary data was from the related institutions. The results showed that the FAv in the 1st stage, 2nd stage, and 3rd stage was 70%, 66%, and 63% respectively. The FAc after the program increased by 36%, 29%, and 33% for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stages respectively. The FUt increased in food diversity and quality by 87%, 82%, and 77% for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stages, respectively. While NS increased by 60%, 98%, and 95% for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stages. This study concluded that the performance of P2L was a success in the reduction of severe malnutrition, therefore replication of P2L should be implemented in food reserve-widened areas of Indonesia to achieve no hunger and food security.
The role of women’s participation in regional development in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmawati Rika Reviza , Purba Helena Juliani , Irawan Aldho Rizki , Sudaryanto Tahlim , Erwidodo  , Dermoredjo Saktyanu Kristyantoadi , Rola-Rubzen M. Fay
Published: May 2023

This paper examined indicators of women’s gender development in three dimensions in Java: healthy life, knowledge, and standard of living. The analysis method used panel data to determine which factors need to be improved to increase GDI and K-Mean clustering to minimize variation among cluster data and maximizes variation with data from other clusters. The study’s objective focused on the island of Java based on district-level data, using BPS Sakernas Data from 2010 to 2020. The main results showed that the GDI of East Java and West Java provinces is below the national average. Although West Java has a low GDI, it has a moderately rapid GDI growth. East Java province has slow growth and should be a priority in gender development. An increase of 1% in women’s revenue will increase GDI by 0.09%, and a 1% increase in women’s education will increase GDI by 0.14%. The implication of this research to obtain policy recommendations includes improving women’s education and healthcare facilities and providing exceptional training for women to enhance their skills.
Flexible 3D printed microwires and 3D microelectrodes for heart-on-a-chip engineering
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Zhang Peikai , O’Leary Gerard , Zhao Yimu , Xu Yinghao , Rafatian Naimeh , Okhovatian Sargol , Landau Shira , Valiante Taufik A , Travas-Sejdic Jadranka , Radisic Milica
Published: May 2023

We developed a heart-on-a-chip platform that integrates highly flexible, vertical, 3D micropillar electrodes for electrophysiological recording and elastic microwires for the tissue’s contractile force assessment. The high aspect ratio microelectrodes were 3D-printed into the device using a conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). A pair of flexible, quantum dots/thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposite microwires were 3D printed to anchor the tissue and enable continuous contractile force assessment. The 3D microelectrodes and flexible microwires enabled unobstructed human iPSC-based cardiac tissue formation and contraction, suspended above the device surface, under both spontaneous beating and upon pacing with a separate set of integrated carbon electrodes. Recording of extracellular field potentials using the PEDOT:PSS micropillars was demonstrated with and without epinephrine as a model drug, non-invasively, along with in situ monitoring of tissue contractile properties and calcium transients. Uniquely, the platform provides integrated profiling of electrical and contractile tissue properties, which is critical for proper evaluation of complex, mechanically and electrically active tissues, such as the heart muscle under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Effect of Ar-plasma treatment and annealing on thermally evaporated β-In2S3 thin films
Authors: Rasool S , Saritha K , Reddy K T Ramakrishna , Tivanov M S , Korolik O V , Gremenok V F , Zimin S P , Amirov I I
Published: May 2023

In the present study, the effect of annealing and Ar-plasma treatment on structural, morphological and optical properties of thermally evaporated β-In2S3 thin films has been investigated. During Ar-plasma treatment, some interesting results were observed that an array of metallic indium nanostructures was formed over In2S3 film surface with quasi-spherical or spread droplet shapes of an average size of 20–100 nm in the lateral direction and a height of less than 70 nm. Here, the Ar-plasma treatment serves as a new strategy for the self-formation of metallic indium nanostructures over the film surface. Further, the optical absorption of In2S3 films has been enhanced from 104 to 107 cm−1 while the optical band gap energy decreased from 2.71 eV to 2.50 eV after Ar-plasma treatment. The metallic nanostructures loaded on semiconductor surface can act as an electron trap that can effectively prevent the recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs.
Experimental overview for green printed electronics: inks, substrates, and printing techniques
Authors: Batet David , Vilaseca Fabiola , Ramon Eloi , Esquivel Juan Pablo , Gabriel Gemma
Published: May 2023

The selection of materials and technologies for green printed electronics design is a fundamental and time-consuming task. This paper represents a rigorous experimental overview in which different printing technologies, ink formulations, and paper-based substrates are examined and analyzed. Three printing techniques are investigated: inkjet printing, screen printing, and direct ink writing. Regarding the inks, formulations based on carbon and silver have been chosen as conductive materials. Initially, the electrical properties of the selected inks have been characterized on a conventional substrate in printed electronics such as polyethylene terephthalate. Later, the printing conditions are optimized for various paper-based substrates, including commercial papers and substrates based on cellulose nanofibers (CNF). CNF are also used as a coating for commercial papers and their influence on the printing quality is evaluated. The substrates are also characterized in terms of morphology, wettability, and thermal stability. This study facilitates the benchmarking tasks for researchers developing new devices and contributes toward the eco-design of flexible green printed electronics.
Towards the construction of an accurate kinetic energy density functional and its functional derivative through physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Rincón Luis , Seijas Luis E , Almeida Rafael , Javier Torres F
Published: May 2023

One of the primary obstacles in the development of orbital–free density functional theory is the lack of an accurate functional for the Kohn–Sham non-interacting kinetic energy, which, in addition to its accuracy, must also render a good approximation for its functional derivative. To address this critical issue, we propose the construction of a kinetic energy density functional throught physical- informed neural network, where the neural network’s loss function is designed to simultaneously reproduce the atom’s shell structures, and also, an analytically calculated functional derivative. As a proof-of-concept, we have tested the accuracy of the kinetic energy potential by optimizing electron densities for atoms from Li to Xe.