bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Stent Vein Lumen Shape and Clinical Response in Patients Treated for Iliofemoral Venous Occlusive Disease
Authors: Gagne Paul , Kuku Kayode O. , Mendes Robert , Griggs Amy , Segbefia Edem , Hofmann Lawrence V. , Comerota Anthony , Garcia-Garcia Hector M.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Interventionalists have noted significant venous luminal gain with nitinol venous stents although post-placement lumen shape differed from the circular shape observed with elgiloy stents. The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics of a stented vein lumen that correspond with clinical outcomes, and to identify metrics that might be relevant for stent design by assessing aspect ratio (AR), lumen diameter (LD), lumen area (LA), and stent shape (symmetry and eccentricity) post-implant.

Methods

This post-hoc analysis evaluated patients from the VIVO US Study (NCT01970007) with pre- and post-stent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. Patient characteristics, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and Venous Disability Score (VDS) were collected in the study. LD, LA, and stent geometry were measured by the core laboratory. Data were analyzed for linear association between core-laboratory assessed pre and post stent LD, LA, AR, stent eccentricity and symmetry index, and VCSS and VDS change.

Results

IVUS imaging was available for 29 patients (2 sites) enrolled in the VIVO US Study (55.2% women; mean age: 59.8 ± 17 years). The cohort had post-thrombotic (48.3%), nonthrombotic iliac vein lesion (44.8%) or acute deep vein thrombotic (6.9%) disease. Mean lesion length was 111.8 ± 60.9 mm. Eleven stents extended below the inguinal ligament. Median minimum LD and LA significantly increased after stent placement ( P < 0.001); median lumen AR changed from 2.0 pre-stent to 1.4 post-stent ( P < 0.001). Mean VCSS improved from baseline to 12 months (7.6 ± 4.3 to 3.7 ± 2.6). No statistically significant linear relationships were identified between VCSS / VDS change and a specific characteristic of LA, LD, or AR.

Conclusions

Measures of lumen change pre and post iliofemoral vein nitinol stent placement reflect disease and stent characteristics. After stent placement, minimum LD and LA increased and AR decreased. Stented lumen shape or size with Zilver Vena did not impact 1-year clinical improvement by VCSS.
Partisan as Katechon: Carl Schmitt’s Myth of the Earth
Authors: Engelking Wojciech
Published: February 2025

The topic of this article is a comparison of two figures in Carl Schmitt’s late thought—the partisan and the katechon. Treating the former as part of Schmitt’s polemical philosophy, in which the object of polemic is his contemporary liberal and pacifist view of the institution of war, the author shows that the German jurist actually treats the partisan as the one who restrains the advent of the age of the latter, fought in the air, thus defending the soil as the site of warfare. He juxtaposes Schmitt’s reflections on partisan warfare with his reflections on the significance of the soil and earth and the terrestrial way of life for law, showing, first, that for Schmitt, the partisan is the bearer of the myth of the land as the legitimation of political and legal institutions, and, second, that the figure of the partisan is the link that binds together Schmitt’s fundamentally inconsistent thought.
Paediatric urodynamic studies: emerging technologies and new frontiers
Authors: Fay Tayla , Deshpande Aniruddh V. , Blanc Thomas , Kimber Chris , Taghavi Kiarash
Published: February 2025

Over the past two decades, there have been significant developments in paediatric urodynamic studies focusing on less-invasive monitoring devices, as well as re-defining normative values. This article reviews current paediatric urodynamic study methods and their reliability, and discusses new emerging ambulatory urodynamics and novel telemetric urodynamic devices. Traditional urodynamic studies are performed in specialised suites in real-time with artificial bladder filling. Ambulatory models allow for measurements in a more authentic environment and with natural bladder filling. Novel implanted telemetric monitoring devices provide a catheter-free solution but are inherently invasive in nature. Exploration of indirect measurements to obtain urodynamic data warrant further investigation. Definitive progress will require strong and sustained collaboration between end users and developers.
Transplantation of engineered endothelial progenitor cells with H19 overexpression promotes arterial reendothelialization and inhibits neointimal hyperplasia
Authors: Ye Yanchen , Huang Lin , Wang Kangjie , Sun Yunhao , Zhou Zhihao , Deng Tang , Liu Yunyan , Wang Rui , Wu Ridong , Yao Chen
Published: February 2025

Endothelial injury is a key factor initiating in-stent restenosis (ISR) following peripheral artery stent implantation. Genetically modified endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can promote reendothelialization of injured arteries and inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. However, the role of engineered EPCs overexpressing lncRNA H19 in these processes remains unclear. We constructed EPCs overexpressing lncRNA H19 and investigated their effects and mechanisms in promoting reendothelialization and inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia both in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the normal control group, ISR patients exhibited a significant reduction in circulating EPCs. Engineered EPCs overexpressing lncRNA H19 promoted reendothelialization and inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in injured arteries. Exogenous overexpression of lncRNA H19 significantly upregulated the endothelial repair-related gene S1PR3 in EPCs, while the opposite was also observed. Additionally, engineered EPCs overexpressing S1PR3 promoted reendothelialization and inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in injured arteries. S1PR3 overexpression enhanced EPCs proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro; these effects were lost with S1PR3 inhibition. Binding sites for H3K27 acetylation were identified on the S1PR3 promoter. Mechanistically, we found that lncRNA H19 directly interacted with HDAC2, a known H3K27ac deacetylase, disrupting its binding to H3K27 acetylation. Our findings suggest that lncRNA H19 positively regulates S1PR3 expression by disrupting HDAC2 / H3K27ac binding, thereby promoting reendothelialization of injured arteries and inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia.
Implementing an Online Instrument to Measure Nurse Practitioner Workload: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Kilpatrick Kelley , Landry Véronique , Nguemeleu Tchouaket Eric , Daigle André , Jabbour Mira
Published: February 2025

Introduction/Objectives:

Nurse practitioners (NPs) improve access to care in community-based primary care. Determining an appropriate workload for NPs is complex. The number of patients seen by NPs represents an important consideration. We sought to determine the feasibility, acceptability and appropriateness of implementing the online NP workload measurement index (NP-WI).

Methods:

Feasibility study supported by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability, conducted across 3 health regions in Québec, Canada. Data were collected from January to July 2024 using the online NP-WI ( n = 66), 8-item acceptability questionnaire ( n = 47), weekly implementation team meetings with NPs and decision-makers ( n = 11), field notes and interviews ( n = 13). Data analysis completed using descriptive statistics and content analysis, with data integration using joint displays.

Results:

NPs indicated that the NP-WI was easy to use. Acceptability scores were positively rated. Daily data entry took 5 to 7 min to complete. NPs deemed a 4-week collection period sufficient to capture a representative workload sample. The NP-WI captured patient, provider and organizational characteristics and the number of patients seen by NPs.

Conclusions:

NP-WI implementation was feasible. The instrument can support healthcare workforce planning with more adequate estimations of NP workload in community-based primary care, and provide greater equity in resource allocation and distribution of NP workload.
Global Practices and Preferences in the Use of Osteobiologics for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ambrosio Luca , Viswanadha Arun Kumar , Vergroesen Pieter-Paul A. , Buser Zorica , Meisel Hans Joerg , Santesso Nancy , Cheung Jason P. Y. , Le Hai V. , Vadalà Gianluca , Jain Amit , Demetriades Andreas K. , Cho Sam K. , Hsieh Patrick C. , Diwan Ashish D. , Martin Christopher , Yoon Tim , Muthu Sathish ,   AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative
Published: February 2025

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Objectives

To assess global practices and preferences in the use of osteobiologics for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and identify factors influencing the choice of specific osteobiologics.

Methods

An online survey developed by AO Spine was distributed to spine surgeons worldwide. The survey captured demographic characteristics, osteobiologic use and related information (i.e., previous training, practice patterns, etc.), and factors influencing osteobiologic choice in ACDF. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze responses, focusing on the associations between osteobiologic use and variables such as training, cost awareness, and regional practices.

Results

Responses from 458 surgeons revealed regional variability in osteobiologic preferences. Autologous iliac crest bone graft (AICBG) was predominant in Asia Pacific and Middle East, while allograft and demineralized bone matrix were favored in North America and Latin America ( P < 0.0001). Over half of the respondents (79.7%) lacked formal training in osteobiologics, and 53.1% were unaware of related costs. Surgeons residing in the Asia Pacific region (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.26-0.84, P = 0.0114), without formal training (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29-0.97, P = 0.0429), or using cages less often (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06-0.34, P < 0.0001) were less likely to utilize osteobiologics. Osteobiologic use was also more common when related costs were not an issue for the practitioner (OR: 2.32, 95% CI:1.47-3.70, P = 0.0004).

Conclusions

Significant variation exists in osteobiologic use in ACDF across global regions, influenced by surgeon training, cost awareness, and institutional resources. Enhanced training and guidelines could improve consistency in osteobiologic application.
Evaluation of Axial Length and Refractive Outcomes in Patients With Dense Vitreous Hemorrhage Who Have Phacovitrectomy
Authors: Ozturk Yucel , Ağın Abdullah , Yucel Gencoglu Aysun
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To evaluate the axial length (AL) measurement and refractive results in patients with dense vitreous hemorrhage who had phacovitrectomy and investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound biometry in this population. Methods: This study included patients with cataracts and a dense vitreous hemorrhage who had phacovitrectomy (Group 1) and a control group of patients with cataracts who had phacoemulsification only (Group 2). The AL was measured preoperatively using A-scan contact ultrasound in Group 1 and partial coherence interferometry (PCI)–based biometry (IOLMaster 500) in Group 2. Postoperatively, the AL was measured using A-scan contact ultrasound and PCI-based biometry in Group 1. The refractive error was measured preoperatively and postoperatively in both groups with an autorefractometer (KR-1, Topcon). The primary outcome measures were the preoperative and postoperative AL and refractive outcomes. Results: In Group 1, the median AL was as follows: preoperative, 23.33 mm with ultrasound (I); postoperative, 23.18 mm with PCI biometry (II); postoperative, 23.44 mm with ultrasound (III) (I-II, P = .04; I-III, P = .01; II-III, P < .01). The AL measured preoperatively with ultrasound and postoperatively with PCI biometry had a statistically significant strong positive correlation with a high-reliability coefficient compared with the AL measured preoperatively and postoperatively with ultrasound. The median prediction error and absolute prediction error were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Ultrasound biometry is effective for intraocular lens calculation and AL measurement in eyes with a dense vitreous hemorrhage. This imaging modality may result in near-optimum refractive outcomes.
Sustainment and adaptation of systems navigation and psychosocial counseling across HIV testing clinics in Vietnam: A qualitative assessment
Authors: Bartels Sophia M. , Nguyen Minh X. , Nguyen Trang T. , Sibley Adams L. , Dang Hong Linh T. , Nong Ha T. T. , Nguyen Ngan T. K. , Tran Ha V. , Sripaipan Teerada , Powell Byron J. , Barrington Clare , Reyes Luz M. , Latkin Carl A. , Giang Le Minh , Phan Huong T. T. , Miller William C. , Go Vivian F.
Published: February 2025

Background

Few evidence-based interventions have been successfully scaled up and sustained long-term. Within an implementation trial testing strategies for scale-up of the Systems Navigation and Psychosocial Counseling (SNaP) intervention for people who inject drugs (PWID) with HIV across HIV testing clinics in Vietnam, we sought to assess if the implementation of SNaP was sustained after study support ended and to identify factors, including adaptations, that affected SNaP sustainment.

Method

Across all 42 SNaP clinics, we surveyed clinic staff at 6–10 months post-study completion to assess SNaP sustainment. We purposively selected six high and six low-sustaining clinics and conducted 31 in-depth interviews with clinic staff ( n = 23) and clinic directors ( n = 8). Interviews were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis informed by the Integrated Sustainability Framework. Matrices were used to compare themes across high and low-sustaining clinics.

Results

1/12 clinics sustained all of SNaP's core components, 2/12 would continue to sustain SNaP if they had new PWID patients, and the remainder did not fully sustain SNaP but continued conducting a modified version, including shorter or fewer SNaP sessions, tailoring SNaP to participants’ specific needs, and conducting SNaP-style counseling for all clients. Facilitators of sustainment included leadership directives to clinic staff around SNaP sustainment, clinicians’ belief in SNaP's effectiveness, and SNaP's perceived fit with clinic activities and mission. Major barriers to SNaP sustainment included lack of funding for PWID outreach activities, time, staff, training continuity, and systemic challenges with getting PWID into care, such as poverty and lack of transportation.

Conclusions

We identified the challenge of sustaining the SNaP intervention long-term, the ubiquity of intervention adaptations, and multi-level barriers and facilitators to intervention sustainment. These findings demonstrate the need for sustainment strategies and could inform trials of strategies to improve the longevity of effective HIV interventions for populations that are disproportionately affected by this epidemic.
Moving to a neurodiversity-affirming paradigm in the support system: Autistic professionals

As

paradigm change
Authors: Zaks Zosia
Published: February 2025

The purpose of support provided to autistic people in the United States has been to normalize their behavior and communication. Due to serious risks of normalization, support professionals have begun to question normalization as the best approach. The Neurodiversity Movement has initiated a paradigm shift in clinical support, mental health therapy, and special education away from normalization and toward affirmation of neurocognitive diversities as natural for human beings. Self-advocates want supports that eschew normalization. However, normalization still dominates the support system. Paradigm change remains incomplete. Eleven autistic professionals were interviewed utilizing emancipatory methodology to elicit their suggestions for movement to a neurodiversity-affirming paradigm in the support system. One suggestion was to ensure that autistic individuals have regular access to autistic professionals. If we follow this advice and develop society-wide, visible, and powerful cohorts of autistic professionals across support settings and contexts, the paradigm will change.
Seismic design and performance evaluation of post-tensioned CLT shear walls with coupling U-shaped flexural plates in Canada
Authors: Zhu Huanru , Bezabeh Matiyas A , Iqbal Asif , Popovski Marjan , Chen Zhiyong
Published: February 2025

Post-tensioned cross-laminated timber (PT-CLT) walls coupled with U-shaped flexural plates (UFPs) have proved to be a low-damage seismic force-resisting system (SFRS) due to their self-centering capability and stable energy dissipation. Global efforts have been made to explore the applicability of PT-CLT walls as primary SFRSs in mass timber buildings. Adoption of the sixth-generation Seismic Hazard Model (SHM6) in the 2020 National Building Code of Canada resulted in a nationwide increase in seismic hazard. Given the increased popularity of mass timber buildings and the elevated seismic hazard, a comprehensive study is required to examine their performance in high seismic regions with complex seismotectonics, such as southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Therefore, this article presents the seismic design and performance evaluation of three-, six-, and nine-story mass timber buildings that use PT-CLT shear walls with coupling UFPs as SFRS for the seismicity of Vancouver, Canada. The prototype buildings were designed using the direct displacement-based design (DDBD) approach considering the SHM6. Two-dimensional fiber-based numerical models were developed in OpenSeesPy and validated with full-scale quasi-static cyclic and shaking table experimental tests. Nonlinear static and response history analyses were carried out to assess the structural responses and validate the DDBD procedure. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were conducted using 80 ground motions selected for each building to develop fragilities and to estimate collapse margin ratios (CMRs). The IDA results demonstrate that all the examined buildings have adequate CMRs compared with acceptable limits in the literature. Overall, this study demonstrated that PT-CLT walls with coupling UFPs are a potential SFRS alternative in Canada’s high seismic-risk regions.
Implications of physics-based M9 ground motions on liquefaction-induced damage in the Cascadia Subduction Zone: Looking forward and backward
Authors: Rasanen Ryan A , Grant Alex RR , Makdisi Andrew J , Maurer Brett W , Wirth Erin A
Published: February 2025

Given the likelihood of future M9 Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquakes, various estimates of the resulting, regional ground motions have been made, including a suite of 30 physics-based simulations that reflect key modeling uncertainties. However, because the last CSZ interface rupture occurred in 1700 CE, the shaking expected in such an event is especially uncertain, as are the impacts to the built and living environments. Like other coseismic impacts, soil liquefaction poses a significant threat and must be considered by any scenario study used to inform planning and response, or to focus mitigation resources. Liquefaction is also notable for its potential to “ground truth” ground-motion estimates, given that its presence or absence in the geologic record can provide constraint on the intensities of shaking in past events. It is thus an important phenomenon looking both forward and backward. Accordingly, using recent physics-based simulations, this study (1) predicts liquefaction in M9 CSZ ruptures at 400 locations in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia (BC) using an array of cone-penetration-test based models and (2) uses paleoliquefaction evidence at ten sites spanning from Southern Oregon to Vancouver, BC to constrain possible ground-motion intensities experienced in the 1700 CE earthquake. The forward predictions indicate that liquefaction in M9 events could be pervasive in the region and affect numerous population hubs, with the potential for damage across hundreds of square kilometers. The backward analyses suggest that 1700 CE ground-motion intensities may have been less than expected from M9 simulations in some northern portions of the CSZ (e.g. Seattle), given the paucity of 1700 CE liquefaction evidence in these areas. Ultimately, further discovery and analysis of CSZ paleoliquefaction, or lack thereof, will confirm or modify this possibility and the conclusions drawn herein.
High-salt diet decreases FOLFOX efficacy via gut bacterial tryptophan metabolism in colorectal cancer
Authors: Deng Yufei , Hou Xiaoying , Fang Qian , Wang Haiping , Li Xiaoxuan , Hu Zhiyong , Liu Zhaolu , Fan Limei , Liu Yunyi , Fu Zhengqi , Shu Xiji , Sun Binlian , Huang Lijun , Liu Yuchen
Published: February 2025

Background

FOLFOX is the recommended chemotherapy regimen for colorectal cancer (CRC), but its response rate remains low. Our previous studies have established a close relationship between gut microbiota and the anti-CRC effect of FOLFOX, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Diet has been confirmed as a key factor influencing gut microbiota, and high-salt diets, representative of western dietary habits, has been shown to affect gut microbiota, immune function, and the risk of developing CRC. However, the impact of high-salt diets on the anti-CRC efficacy of FOLFOX remains unstudied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of high-salt diets on the anti-CRC effect of FOLFOX.

Methods

We performed 16 S rRNA sequencing and T500 targeted metabolomics analysis on fecal samples from CRC patients and healthy adults. A CRC orthotopic xenograft mouse model was used to study the effect of a high-salt diet on FOLFOX’s anti-CRC efficacy. 16 S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics were conducted on mouse fecal samples. Flow cytometry was used to assess immune cell infiltration in tumor and paracancerous tissues. A mouse macrophage conditioned medium system, with tryptophan metabolites, was employed to annotate the functional metabolites, followed by in vivo verification using the orthotopic xenograft mouse model.

Results

The structure and metabolic profiles of gut microbiota are significantly different between 9 healthy adults and 6 CRC patients. A high-salt diet significantly reduced the efficacy of FOLFOX in mice, with notable changes in gut microbiota and related metabolites. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and FOLFOX efficacy. Flow cytometry indicated that a high-salt diet altered macrophage infiltration (CD45+F4/80+) in both the tumor and paracancerous tissues. In vitro experiments confirmed that the tryptophan metabolite SK reduced FOLFOX efficacy, while IPA enhanced it through macrophage-conditioned medium. In vivo, we verified that under a high-salt diet, SK inhibited the efficacy of FOLFOX, while IPA promoted it.

Conclusion

A high-salt diet reduces the anti-CRC efficacy of FOLFOX through gut bacterial tryptophan metabolism mediated macrophage immunomodulation.
Association between diabetes of different durations and hip fracture in middle-aged and older people: a stratified cohort study from CHARLS 2011–2020
Authors: Chang Yu , Huang Yunda , Li Ruonan , Gui Li
Published: February 2025

Background

The effect of the duration of diabetes on hip fracture is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between different durations of diabetes and hip fracture.

Methods

This cohort study included participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011–2020. Diabetes was defined as glycated hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, random blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL, or previous diagnosis of diabetes. Participants were stratified according to diabetes duration, and information was collected on their first hip fracture. The association between diabetes of different durations and hip fracture was assessed using Cox proportional risk models and Kaplan-Meier curves.

Results

A total of 9,927 participants with a mean age of 58.4 ± 8.7 and 54.3% female were included, and 574 participants suffered a hip fracture. Compared with no diabetes, the associations between overall diabetes, newly diagnosed diabetes, diabetes with a duration of < 6 years, and hip fracture were all not significant, all P > 0.05. Known diabetes and diabetes of duration ≥ 6 years significantly increased the risk of hip fracture, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.69 (1.19 ~ 2.4), P = 0.003, and 2.2 (1.34 ~ 3.61), P = 0.002.

Conclusions

Neither newly diagnosed diabetes nor diabetes with a disease duration of < 6 years was associated with hip fracture compared with no diabetes people. When the duration of diabetes is ≥ 6 years, the risk of hip fracture is significantly increased, and appropriate preventive measures are recommended.
“Attitude is the fifth delay”: perspectives of obstetric near-miss survivors and health care professionals on continuity and coordination of maternal care
Authors: Mulongo Samuel M. , Kaura Doreen , Mash Bob
Published: February 2025

Background

Fragmentation in maternal healthcare contributes to preventable maternal deaths. Improving continuity and coordination can mitigate this issue by influencing interactions among providers, interdisciplinary teams, and patient-provider relationships. The obstetric near-miss approach has the potential to offer insights into continuity and coordination in maternal health. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of near-miss survivors and health care professionals on continuity and coordination of care in a primary health care system in Uasin Ngishu region, Kenya.

Methods

This was a descriptive qualitative single case study. Data was collected through individual interviews, focus group discussions, and observation.

Results

Four deductively identified themes emerged: sequential coordination, continuity, parallel coordination, and access. Sequential coordination was influenced by antagonistic relationships between healthcare providers in primary care facilities and the main referral hospital. Longitudinal and interpersonal continuity were driven by positive interactions between women and healthcare providers, characterized by availability, willingness to listen, and addressing personal issues. Parallel coordination was affected by heavy workloads and ineffective task shifting within primary care facilities. Finally, access-related issues included accommodation strategies such as telephone hotlines for pregnant women, out-of-pocket payments for specialist consultation, and alternative referral pathways different from the formal pathways in the health system.

Conclusion

To promote continuity and coordination in primary health care for pregnant women, there is a need to focus on social competencies and skills among health care professionals providing obstetric care, encourage accommodation strategies in facilities, reduce or eliminate out-of-pocket payments for referred women, address attitude and professional conflicts among midwives at different levels in the referral pathway and address workloads and task shifting in primary care facilities.
Communicating physical activity messages with adolescents: what works? A scoping review with stakeholder consultation
Authors: Grady Caera L , Murtagh Elaine , Ng Kwok , Bengoechea Enrique García , Woods Catherine B
Published: February 2025

Background

Global levels of adolescents’ physical inactivity are cause for concern, despite the well-documented health benefits of physical activity (PA). Addressing the messaging of PA is one approach to improve PA knowledge. While increased knowledge does not necessarily lead to behavior change, physically active students have better knowledge of the health benefits of PA. Recently, researchers have highlighted the need for an effective communication strategy for PA messages. This review aimed to summarize the state of the available evidence about the operationalization of communicating PA messages, the evaluation, and effectiveness of PA messages.

Methods

The Levac six steps and Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance for scoping reviews were followed. Five databases were searched up until April 8th 2024. Both title and abstract and full-text screening were piloted whereby 10% of the total articles were double-screened and the remainder were completed by CG. Data were extracted and a data-based convergent synthesis design was used following qualitative synthesis methods. Finally, a consultation with key stakeholders was held to confirm the findings concerning practical relevance.

Results

A total of 19,412 articles were identified from searches, 94 full texts were included in the final analysis, corresponding to 80 individual studies. The evidence confirms that there are many factors to consider when communicating PA messages and evaluating their effectiveness. Inconsistencies exist regarding the timing and frequency of message delivery and the evaluation of effective communication. When communicating PA with adolescents, messages commonly focus on the benefits of PA and strategies to overcome barriers and are commonly delivered in the school setting by researchers or school stakeholders i.e. teachers, peers. Messages should be concise, positively framed, support adolescent autonomy, and utilize different messaging platforms and techniques to avoid staleness.

Conclusions

There is a lack of a standardized approach to communicating PA messages with adolescents making evaluation and comparison challenging. Future research should focus on developing guidance to facilitate the effective communication of PA messages with adolescents.
Statistical batch-based bearing fault detection
Authors: Jorry Victoria , Duma Zina-Sabrina , Sihvonen Tuomas , Reinikainen Satu-Pia , Roininen Lassi
Published: February 2025

In the domain of rotating machinery, bearings are vulnerable to different mechanical faults, including ball, inner, and outer race faults. Various techniques can be used in condition-based monitoring, from classical signal analysis to deep learning methods in diagnosing these faults. Based on the complex working conditions of rotary machines, multivariate statistical process control charts such as Hotelling’s

$T^{2}$

T
2

and Squared Prediction Error are useful for providing early warnings. However, these methods are rarely applied to condition monitoring of rotating machinery due to the univariate nature of the datasets. In the present paper, we propose a multivariate statistical process control-based fault detection method that utilizes multivariate data composed of Fourier transform features that are extracted for fixed-time batches. Our approach makes use of the multidimensional nature of Fourier transform characteristics, which record more detailed information about the machine’s status, in an effort to enhance early defect detection and diagnosis. Experiments with varying vibration measurement locations (Fan End, Drive End), fault types (ball, inner, and outer race faults), and motor loads (0–3 horsepower) are used to validate the suggested approach. The outcomes illustrate our method’s effectiveness in fault detection and point to possible wider uses in industrial maintenance.
A segregated reduced-order model of a pressure-based solver for turbulent compressible flows
Authors: Zancanaro Matteo , Ngan Valentin Nkana , Stabile Giovanni , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: February 2025

This article provides a reduced-order modelling framework for turbulent compressible flows discretized by the use of finite volume approaches. The basic idea behind this work is the construction of a reduced-order model capable of providing closely accurate solutions with respect to the high fidelity flow fields. Full-order solutions are often obtained through the use of segregated solvers (solution variables are solved one after another), employing slightly modified conservation laws so that they can be decoupled and then solved one at a time. Classical reduction architectures, on the contrary, rely on the Galerkin projection of a complete Navier–Stokes system to be projected all at once, causing a mild discrepancy with the high order solutions. This article relies on segregated reduced-order algorithms for the resolution of turbulent and compressible flows in the context of physical and geometrical parameters. At the full-order level turbulence is modeled using an eddy viscosity approach. Since there is a variety of different turbulence models for the approximation of this supplementary viscosity, one of the aims of this work is to provide a reduced-order model which is independent on this selection. This goal is reached by the application of hybrid methods where Navier–Stokes equations are projected in a standard way while the viscosity field is approximated by the use of data-driven interpolation methods or by the evaluation of a properly trained neural network. By exploiting the aforementioned expedients it is possible to predict accurate solutions with respect to the full-order problems characterized by high Reynolds numbers and elevated Mach numbers.
Pressure propagation during hydraulic stimulation: case study of the 2000 stimulation at Soultz-sous-Forêts
Authors: Javani Dariush , Schmittbuhl Jean , Cornet François
Published: February 2025

Hydraulic stimulation of pre-existing fractures and faults plays a significant role in improving hydraulic conductivity of the fracture network around injection and production wells in deep geothermal reservoirs. In present work, a three-dimensional distinct element method (3DEC, Itasca) is used to simulate the year 2000 hydraulic stimulation of GPK2 well of Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal reservoir, where several major hydraulic stimulations have been performed and are well documented. The field scale numerical model of the reservoir (about 6000 × 4500 × 4500 m3) includes an explicit description of the main fault (FZ4770), was developed to constrain the large-scale hydromechanical properties of the fault, in particular, its behavior in terms of non-linear elastic response related to fault aperture changes. The first phase of the stimulation is modelled as a constant flow rate of 30 ls−1 of water injection into the center of a deformable fault at the depth of approximately 4.7 km. We observed that the fluid pressure front migration from the injection point along the fracture follows, under the in-situ stress condition and the moderate injection pressure, a pseudo-diffusion behavior as power-law function of time with a 0.5 exponent (√t) when the injection flow rate is constant. It is demonstrated that the dynamic evolution of aperture opening due to fluid injection into the fracture is responsible for the pressure propagation behavior, owing to a hydraulic aperture change rather than a fluid pressure diffusion process. This numerically observed propagation process is compatible with a high fault effective diffusivity of 13 m2/s as that observed in the field. In case of a linear increase of the injection flow rate, the pseudo-diffusion process disappears leading to a time dependent power-law migration of the pressure front with exponent of 0.75. The pressure propagation is shown to be strongly influenced by the injection scheme.
A Survey on Current Practices, Needs, Responsibilities and Preferences for Knowledge Dissemination in the Field of Injury and Illness Prevention Among Competitive Snow Sports Stakeholders
Authors: Bonell Monsonís Oriol , Spörri Jörg , Gouttebarge Vincent , Bolling Caroline , Verhagen Evert
Published: February 2025

Background

Injury and illness prevention practices in competitive snow sports must be better understood among stakeholders. In particular, there is a need for a greater understanding of what context-specific stakeholders require for prevention. Therefore, this study surveyed stakeholders’ current practices, needs, responsibilities and knowledge dissemination preferences related to injury and illness prevention in competitive snow sports and described the main commonalities and differences between stakeholder groups.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study that used an online survey developed using Kipling’s principle (the “5W1H” method) and targeted athletes, coaches, team staff, ski racing suppliers, and representatives from all competition levels and all competitive snow sports governed by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation. The data were analysed following both quantitative and qualitative descriptive analyses.

Results

Most of the 436 respondents believed in and reported needing more information on injury and illness prevention. The participants stated that the main goal of prevention was to avoid injuries and minimise their time away from being on snow, and they stressed their different underlying motivations. Despite the differences across subgroups, participants highlighted knee and head injuries and concussions as their primary injury prevention targets and priorities for additional information. Respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses were reported as their main targets of illness prevention, but more information on all illnesses was reported. Current practices and priorities for additional information fell under athlete-, equipment-, snow/environment-, and course-related prevention areas. Moreover, stakeholders highlighted their need for more information on mental health and training. Shared responsibilities were identified across the development, dissemination, and implementation of prevention, along with stakeholders’ preferred communication channels.

Conclusions

Our study provides meaningful insights across athlete, equipment-, snow/environment-, and course-related prevention areas related to snow sports, roles, and competition levels. These insights may inform the development, dissemination and further implementation of any tailored and context-driven preventive measure by better addressing end-users’ needs. These findings may support successful future preventive interventions by providing key elements and a clear path to improve athletes’ health and safety.
CO2 Flooding Research and Application of Non-repeated Time-lapse Seismic
Authors: Chen Yongrui , Zhang Junhua , Yang Mei , Fu Xin , Zou Chunli
Published: February 2025

We analyze the differences before and after CO2 flooding in the Gao89 area of the Shengli Oilfield using non-repeated field time-lapse seismic data and geological modeling. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring dynamic CO2 plume changes through reservoir parameter differences inverted from baseline and monitoring datasets. To ensure data consistency, we introduce a “four-step” matched-filter processing technique. First, sparse sampling is used to align the monitoring survey with the baseline seismic data. Second, temporal interpolation is applied to adjust the CO2 injection target cubeseach with different two-way travel timesinto stratigraphic cubes of equal time length. Third, amplitude consistency matching is performed using the top surface amplitude as a reference, ensuring amplitude alignment between the two seismic datasets. Finally, the difference data between the baseline and monitoring seismic datasets, after amplitude matching, is embedded into the baseline seismic data to restore the actual formation structure. The embedded data allows for the extraction of key seismic attributes that capture changes before and after CO2 injection. The study finds that time thickness and average area properties effectively delineate the extent and internal characteristics of CO2 plume changes, showing strong agreement with well tracer data. Additionally, validation using pre-stack seismic azimuth attributes at a well confirms the consistency between pre-stack and post-stack seismic dominant channel identification.
Lorentz-invariant expression for the force on an electric/magnetic dipole
Authors: Kholmetskii Alexander L. , Yarman Tolga , Missevitch Oleg V.
Published: February 2025

We derive the Lorentz-invariant expression for the force acting on a pointlike electric/magnetic dipole in an electromagnetic field, based on a covariant representation of the Lagrangian density for a polarized/magnetized material medium in an electromagnetic field (M. Fabrizio and A. Morri, Electromagnetism of Continuous Media (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003)), and discuss its physical meaning.
Η διαχείριση, από τους επαγγελματίες υγείας, του θανάτου των ασθενών στα τμήματα επειγόντων περιστατικών
Authors: Φρυδά Αγγελική
Published: February 2025

Η μετάβαση από τη ζωή στον θάνατο έχει αξεπέραστη σημασία για την ανθρώπινη ύπαρξη. Η συναισθηματική φόρτιση που βιώνουν οι επαγγελματίες υγείας στο εργασιακό τους περιβάλλον συχνά υπερβαίνει τα όριά τους, προκαλώντας τους πολλές φορές να έρθουν σε αντίθεση με τις πεποιθήσεις και τις αντιλήψεις τους. Η διαδικασία του θανάτου, η απώλεια της ανθρώπινης ζωής και το διάστημα ανάμεσα στη ζωή και τον θάνατο αποτελούν ίσως τη μεγαλύτερη πρόκληση για τους επαγγελματίες υγείας στην εκπλήρωση των καθηκόντων τους. Είναι πολύ σημαντικό να ειπωθεί ότι η εκπαίδευση, η εμπειρία και η προσωπικότητα του κάθε επαγγελματία διαμορφώνουν το επαγγελματικό του προφίλ, το οποίο έχει άμεση επίδραση στην ποιότητα της φροντίδας που παρέχει. Βρισκόμενοι αντιμέτωποι με την ανθρώπινη ύπαρξη που περνά από τη ζωή στο θάνατο, γεννιούνται αμέτρητες απορίες και οι σκέψεις γύρω από τη φύση του θανάτου συνεχώς εντείνονται. Στη σύγχρονη εποχή, όπου οι επιστημονικές και κοινωνικές συνθήκες μεταβάλλονται, νέοι προβληματισμοί αναδύονται που αφορούν τους επαγγελματίες υγείας και την επαφή τους με το θάνατο. Μελέτες πολλές έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί για την επαφή τους με ασθενείς που πρόκειται να καταλήξουν. Στην παρούσα όμως Διδακτορική έρευνα σκοπός είναι να διερευνηθεί η διαχείριση του θανάτου, από τους επαγγελματίες υγείας, των ασθενών στα Τμήματα Επειγόντων Περιστατικών. Ο αιφνίδιος θάνατος ενός ασθενούς διαφέρει από το θάνατο ενός χρόνιου ασθενούς που πάσχει από μια ανίατη ασθένεια. Για το λόγο αυτό και θεωρούμε πολύ σημαντικό να ερευνήσουμε αν ο θάνατος των ασθενών στα ΤΕΠ επηρεάζει ή όχι τους επαγγελματίες υγείας, και αν ναι, τότε πως επιδρά στα συναισθήματά τους και ποια είναι η συμπεριφορά τους από την επαφή αυτή.
Development and operation of automated information systems
Authors: Gagarina Larisa , Shevnina Julia Sergeevna
Published: February 2025

The textbook provides the basic concepts and definitions of the design process of automated information systems (AIS) based on domain analysis; highlights the issues of developing the software and information core of AIS based on database management systems (DBMS). Computer-aided design systems (AIS), computer-aided design tools for database structures, the SQL structural query language, and standard database access systems are considered.
Remote access clients are given as fundamental factors in the study of computer-aided database design and the construction of database queries is given; client software development; the main elements of client programs. The article also describes the features of AIS operation, methods and means of data collection and transmission; ensuring the reliability of information during its storage and processing; exporting database structures; restoring information in databases.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students of secondary vocational educational institutions studying in the group of specialties "Computer Science and computer Engineering". It can be used for self-education in the field of information technology.
Platform Competition and Interoperability: The Net Fee Model
Authors: Ekmekci Mehmet , White Alexander , Wu Lingxuan
Published: February 2025

Is more competition the key to mitigating dominance by large tech platforms? Could regulation of such markets be a better alternative? We study the effects of competition and interoperability regulation in platform markets. To do so, we propose an approach of competition in net fees, which is well-suited to situations in which users pay additional charges, after joining, for on-platform interactions. Compared with existing approaches, the net fee model expands the tractable scope to allow variable total demand, platform asymmetry, and merger analysis. Regarding competition, we find that adding more platforms to the market may lead to the emergence of a dominant firm. In contrast, we find that interoperability can play a key role in reducing market dominance and lowering prices. Broadly speaking, our results favor policy interventions that assure the formidability of the competition that dominant platforms face.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

Funding: L. Wu thanks the NET Institute ( www.netinst.org ) for financial support.
How Do Domestic and Foreign Firms Respond to a Reduction in Competition from the Public Sector? Evidence from Vaccine Markets in India
Authors: Adbi Arzi , Mishra Anant , Chatterjee Chirantan
Published: February 2025

This study examines how domestic and foreign firms in the private sector respond to a reduction in competition from the public sector. Our analysis exploits the sudden suspension of production licenses of vaccine-manufacturing public sector units (PSUs) in January 2008 in India, home to more than 1.2 billion people at that time. Although the suspension presented a window of opportunity for private sector firms, the opportunity was laden with high uncertainty. Despite this uncertainty, we find that the suspension was associated with revenue gains driven by new product introductions and that these gains persist even after the supply suspension revocation in February 2010. Importantly, unlike domestic firms, foreign firms gain little. We explore potential mechanisms and find evidence consistent with one of them being the major reason for the differing impact: Domestic firms better navigate the challenges arising from political pluralism, an institutional feature characterized by a lack of political alignment between national and subnational governments. In the presence of political alignment, domestic firms do not have a comparative advantage over foreign firms. Our evidence thus highlights that even an uncertain and transitory window of opportunity arising from a controversial reduction in competition from the public sector can lead to a fundamental market restructuring in ways that can diverge from the intended policy objective. In particular, domestic firms’ ability to manage political pluralism is a core mechanism explaining their comparative advantage over foreign firms in the wake of a national crisis.

This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy.

Funding: This work was supported by the National University of Singapore [Start-Up Research Grant A-0003843-00-00], the University of Minnesota [Summer Research Grant], and the Indian School of Business [Research Grant].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.06174 .
Understanding burnout in nurses: identification and coping strategies
Authors: Butler Sarah
Published: February 2025

Burnout, a psychological syndrome caused by prolonged exposure to chronic workplace stressors, is a prevalent issue in nursing, characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and a diminished sense of accomplishment. This article explores the widespread impact of burnout in nursing, identifying its key indicators and consequences for both nurses and patient care. Furthermore, it evaluates evidence-based management strategies, including organisational interventions, resilience training, and peer support programmes, aimed at mitigating burnout and improving outcomes.
Enhancing advanced clinical practitioners' non-clinical skills
Authors: Brooks Emma , Richards Hazel
Published: February 2025

This article examines the setting up, running and content of a study day for advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) at the Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust, aimed at enhancing non-clinical competencies in leadership, education and research. Despite a structured national framework, ACPs often report limited support in these areas. The event provided targeted education, encouraged a sense of community, and received positive feedback, showing improvements in participants' knowledge, confidence and professional connections. Recommendations include making this an ongoing initiative to support comprehensive skill development.