bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'amour courtois entre fauteuil et divan : pour une lecture poétique de l'amour de transfert
Authors: Vivès Jean-Michel
Published: November 2011

Résumé L’amour courtois, c’est-à-dire l’amour où l’objet s’absentifie comme pourvoyeur de jouissance, peut se repérer comme l’intersection entre l’amour et le désir. L’auteur fait, à partir de là, l’hypothèse qu’il peut nous éclairer sur la conduite de la cure et nous permettre de comprendre ce mystérieux passage de l’amour où se marque l’insistance de la jouissance au désir qui creuse la place du sujet.
Platon :la pensée, dynamique du soin
Authors: Hilfiger Mathieu
Published: November 2011

Résumé Si l’âme représente la partie divine en l’homme, engagée dans la contingence de la réalité sensible – un corps, les choses, les autres –, sa santé (arétè) , caractérisée d’abord par la réflexion, se trouve d’emblée menacée par les multiples formes d’illusions et de mensonges. Un certain usage technique de celles-ci (la sophistique), constitué sous formes de pseudo-savoirs désaffectés et de techniques (téchnai) de persuasion, rend la menace pour l’âme tout à fait urgente et appelle une réponse compétente fondée sur un critère éthique, puisque de manière analogique à la réalité, l’usage d’un discours (logos) , a fortiori dans sa forme scripturaire, sera tantôt positif (curatif), tantôt négatif (empoisonnant), s’inscrivant ainsi dans une réversibilité pharmacologique dangereuse. La philosophie émerge précisément dans ce contexte polémique et pathologique comme conversion à un mode de vie thérapeutique fondé sur l’activité de la pensée par soi-même , qui constitue la dynamique de la pratique du soin (épiméléia) par excellence. En définitive, cette pratique devra elle-même se rendre experte dans l’usage du pharmakon , maîtresse d’une science médicale vivante et réactive. L’enquête menée à l’intérieur du corpus dévoile ainsi le souci extrême chez Platon de la protection des conditions de l’examen, présentée comme un enjeu identiquement éthique et sanitaire, aucune réflexion véritable ne pouvant se faire sans relation à soi d’une part, et comme relation à l’autre d’autre part.
Le don, principe actif de la parole thérapeutique ?
Authors: Blondiaux Isabelle
Published: November 2011

Résumé L’interrogation du principe actif de la parole thérapeutique impose de revenir aux approches antiques du discours comme puissance vivante et ambivalente. Le discours, logos-zôon-pharmakon , vivant sauvage que Gorgias se propose de réduire à la raison, témoigne chez le sophiste de la structure divisée du langage, tandis qu’il devient pour Socrate un organisme engendré et, à ce titre, inscrit dans une filiation qui permet de remonter du logos vers son père, le noûs , vers ce qui ne pouvant se dire n’en est pas moins à l’origine de ce qui peut être dit. Si le logos-zôon-pharmakon du sophiste est aussi cet outil à manipuler en belle manière, qu’on trouve au fondement des thérapies basées sur la suggestion et la persuasion, celui de Socrate s’apparente à un philtre, une parole-molécule que son inscription dans une filiation impose de repenser à la lumière du don, cette autre puissance vivante et ambivalente, manifeste dans le lien à l’autre. Dès lors, il devient possible d’analyser le principe actif de la parole à partir de ses rapports avec les dimensions du don ontique, le « transporté », dans la parole-don/ pharmakon et du don non ontique, le « transporteur », dans le transfert, d’autant que par la référence au daïmon et à la mania érotique, le discours socratique se voit ajouter la connotation de parole qui transporte, arrache à soi-même. Modalité d’accès à la connaissance, le transfert apparaît ainsi comme cette modalité non ontique du don qui rend possible l’actualisation de la dimension de don ontique du discours, plus précisément, de la portée prophétique et dialectique de toute parole-don/ pharmakon, dont le conte de Perrault, La Belle au bois dormant , nous offre un cas-type.
Pour la défense d'une psychiatrie moderne
Authors: Nachin Claude
Published: November 2011

Résumé De l’Antiquité à nos jours, la conduite de l’humanité à l’égard de la folie est le témoin de son souci d’elle-même. Dans les époques de progrès social marquées par la solidarité, on s’intéresse positivement à la folie et on croit à sa curabilité (Révolution française, Front populaire, Libération, 1968), tandis que les périodes de régression sociale et d’individualisme (chacun pour soi, Dieu pour tous) sont marquées par le désintérêt pour la folie et par le mauvais traitement de ceux qui en sont victimes, volontiers assimilés aux délinquants. Les religions chrétiennes étaient partagées entre le devoir de charité et la tendance à châtier les « péchés » supposés des malades (cachots, travaux forcés, récompenses et sanctions alimentaires). Après la mort de famine ou l’exécution de dizaines de milliers de malades pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la paix, avec le concours de la psychanalyse, du marxisme, du christianisme social et de la pédagogie moderne, a vu le développement de la psychothérapie institutionnelle et de la psychiatrie de secteur : deux outils précieux menacés de destruction dans la période de régression sociale actuelle. Résistants, indignés, levez-vous !
L'émotion en soins palliatifs
Authors: Desfosses Gilbert
Published: November 2011

Résumé Le récit du cas clinique de Mlle B., en phase terminale d’un cancer et hospitalisée dans une unité de soins palliatifs, propose une réflexion sur les éléments de la décision médicale et les nombreux facteurs subjectifs et émotionnels qui interviennent dans les choix thérapeutiques à ce stade de la maladie.
Quelle place pour le corps… dans le psychodrame psychanalytique avec les enfants autistes ?
Authors: Barrer Laurence , Gimenez Guy
Published: November 2011

Résumé Une des questions fondamentales dans les prises en charge psychothérapeutiques est celle des processus psychiques permettant d’amorcer un processus de transformation et d’évolution chez les patients. Les auteurs ont ici pour objectif de mettre en évidence l’évolution possible de la fonction pare-excitative dans le psychodrame psychanalytique de groupe à médiation avec des enfants autistes et psychotiques. Ils soulignent l’importance de la présence du corps en mouvement des participants, mais aussi des cothérapeutes qui permet à chacun de trouver un étayage pour sa psyché sur le groupe, et comment, à partir du corps du thérapeute et du groupe, les enfants développent la capacité à organiser des chaînes associatives groupales intégrant les productions de chaque membre du groupe. Deux règles spécifiques proposées dans ces groupes en accentuent la fonction contenante et participent à l’émergence du processus d’introjection de la fonction pare-excitative pour chaque participant. L’article décrit une forme de travail thérapeutique adaptée à la problématique des enfants autistes et comment ils peuvent s’en saisir.
Meeting Tomorrow’s Health Care Needs Through Local and Global Involvement
Authors: Opollo Jackline G. , Bond Mary Lou , Gray Jennifer , Lail-Davis Vivian J.
Published: November 2011

Strengthened efforts to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by 2015 are urgently needed. A fundamental step toward achieving these goals is strengthening global partnerships for development. This article describes critical challenges and opportunities in global health and the social responsibility of the nursing profession in this area. Examples and suggestions for nursing action are provided for consideration by those interested in influencing global health. Engaging in global health activities such as study abroad programs, interprofessional exchanges, continuing education workshops, and seminars with a global health focus can have significant implications for nursing education, research, policy, and practice. Equipping nurses with the leadership skills, knowledge, and attitudes needed to advance global health is integral in the delivery of effective, culturally relevant health care.
A New Biconcave Contact Lens for Vitrectomy in Eyes With Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Hitani Koichiro , Futamura Hideyuki , Shiba Tomoaki , Hori Yuichi , Saishin Yoshitsugu , Maeno Takatoshi
Published: November 2011

The authors report a new biconcave contact lens capable of providing superior surgical views of eyes during vitrectomy and intraocular lens implantation under both fluid-filled and air-filled conditions. The new biconcave lens is made of a glass with a high refractive index (nd = 1.883). The lens is placed on the cornea using a regular lens ring for the floating vitrectomy lens system. During vitrectomy, the new biconcave lens provides a view as clear as that of the commercially available flat-concave lens when the vitreous cavity is filled with fluid. The lens also provides a more magnified view than the commercially sold biconcave lens during fluid–air exchange, with no need for replacement. The new biconcave vitrectomy lens spares the surgeon the trouble of replacing different refractive lenses during the fluid–air exchange procedure in an eye undergoing intraocular lens implantation, and may be helpful for vitreous surgery.
E-learning as a Key for Regional Integration through Countries of MERCOSUR
Authors: Silvestri Mónica María
Published: November 2011

The Center of training for regional integration (CEFIR, in Spanish) was founded more than 20 years with the firm intention to dedicate efforts on issues of regional integration in the four countries of MERCOSUR.

Since 2008 has promoted the creation of a platform for e-learning and delivered some courses in blended learning and e-learning mode, for training in regional integration issues.

E-learning has become a transversal theme in the organization and became an efficient instrument for promoting regional integration of the 4 countries of the brick. The heterogeneity of countries, cultures and even languages raised a number of challenges when implementing the e-learning strategy.
A Novel Bacterial Resistance Mechanism against Human Group IIA-Secreted Phospholipase A2: Role of Streptococcus pyogenes Sortase A
Authors: Movert Elin , Wu Yongzheng , Lambeau Gérard , Touqui Lhousseine , Areschoug Thomas
Published: November 2011

Human group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) is a bactericidal molecule important for the innate immune defense against Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we analyzed its role in the host defense against Streptococcus pyogenes, a major human pathogen, and demonstrated that this bacterium has evolved a previously unidentified mechanism to resist killing by sPLA2-IIA. Analysis of a set of clinical isolates demonstrated that an ∼500-fold higher concentration of sPLA2-IIA was required to kill S. pyogenes compared with strains of the group B Streptococcus, which previously were shown to be sensitive to sPLA2-IIA, indicating that S. pyogenes exhibits a high degree of resistance to sPLA2-IIA. We found that an S. pyogenes mutant lacking sortase A, a transpeptidase responsible for anchoring LPXTG proteins to the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria, was significantly more sensitive (∼30-fold) to sPLA2-IIA compared with the parental strain, indicating that one or more LPXTG surface proteins protect S. pyogenes against sPLA2-IIA. Importantly, using transgenic mice expressing human sPLA2-IIA, we showed that the sortase A-mediated sPLA2-IIA resistance mechanism in S. pyogenes also occurs in vivo. Moreover, in this mouse model, we also showed that human sPLA2-IIA is important for the defense against lethal S. pyogenes infection. Thus, we demonstrated a novel mechanism by which a pathogenic bacterium can evade the bactericidal action of sPLA2-IIA and we showed that sPLA2-IIA contributes to the host defense against S. pyogenes infection.
SOCS3 Deletion in B Cells Alters Cytokine Responses and Germinal Center Output
Authors: Jones Sarah A. , White Christine A. , Robb Lorraine , Alexander Warren S. , Tarlinton David M.
Published: November 2011

B cell behavior is fine-tuned by internal regulatory mechanisms and external cues such as cytokines and chemokines. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a key regulator of STAT3-dependent cytokine responses in many cell types and has been reported to inhibit CXCL12-induced retention of immature B cells in the bone marrow. Using mice with SOCS3 exclusively deleted in the B cell lineage (Socs3Δ/Δmb1cre+), we analyzed the role of SOCS3 in the response of these cells to CXCL12 and the STAT3-inducing cytokines IL-6 and IL-21. Our findings refute a B cell-intrinsic role for SOCS3 in B cell development, because SOCS3 deletion in the B lineage did not affect B cell populations in naive mice. SOCS3 was strongly induced in B cells stimulated with IL-21 and in plasma cells exposed to IL-6. Its deletion permitted excessive and prolonged STAT3 signaling following IL-6 stimulation of plasma cells and, in a T cell-dependent immunization model, reduced the number of germinal center B cells formed and altered the production of Ag-specific IgM and IgE. These data demonstrate a novel regulatory signal transduction circuit in plasma cells, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of how these long-lived, sessile cells respond to the external signals that mediate their longevity.
Extension du domaine de la conversation : discours de marque et publicitarité
Authors: Berthelot-Guiet Karine
Published: November 2011

Résumé Karine Berthelot-Guiet met en perspective la prolifération de discours sur la conversation dans le champ de la communication marchande et la tendance des marques à exploiter des formes de communication moins ouvertement publicitaires. Elle interprète le phénomène comme métadiscursif (la conversation comme nouvel avatar d’une publicité devenue inavouable) et montre que l’imaginaire d’horizontalité de la conversation (prétendument symétrique et non hiérarchique) ne résiste pas à l’examen de la notion telle qu’elle est développée par les linguistes. Son analyse met en évidence le caractère pseudo-scientifique des « contrats de conversation » et amène à réinterroger les formes communicationnelles des marques : à l’heure où ces dernières se démarquent de la « publicité », ce sont les contours de la « publicitarité » qu’il s’agit de discerner.
Percutaneous Repair of a Disrupted Left Renal Artery after Rapid Stabilization
Authors: Best Irwin M.
Published: November 2011

Fortunately, acute renal artery injuries occur infrequently in blunt trauma patients. Renal salvage in the multi-trauma patient is a daunting task. If after judicious consideration, intervention is warranted, then expeditious repair should follow. Rapid control of exanguinating injuries should be accomplished and the patient stabilized for further intervention - surgical or endovascular. We present the case of a patent who presented with left pneumothorax, multiple bilateral rib, scapula, long bone fractures, hypotension, hemoperitoneum, non perfusion of the left kidney, and a shattered spleen. She underwent emergent splenectomy and stabilization of her pressure. The left renal artery was evaluated and repaired with a covered stent. This approach might be beneficial in highly selected patients with favorable physiologic and anatomical presentations.
An Integrated Competency-Based Training Model for theological training
Authors: Mwangi James K. , De Klerk Ben J.
Published: November 2011

This article examines the relationship between theological training and practical ministry with the purpose of addressing the fundamental problems that hinder theological training from becoming relevant. There exists a general concern about the way theological schools are preparing men and women for church ministry, with the church leadership feeling like graduates are not up to the task of ministering despite the theological training. The research has established that there is a relationship between theological training and practice of ministry and that practical ministry can only be improved through enhancing theological training. Ultimately the article establishes the need for a competent training programme modelled after the New Testament Discipleship Model approach. This model integrates knowledge, being and practical training. The article tries to outline a model of training (i.e. the Integrated Competency-Based Training Model) that will seek to address many of the inadequacies in the training of church ministers with the aim of making theological training translate into the practice of ministry.
Reported risky sexual practices amongst female undergraduate students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Hoque Muhammad E.
Published: November 2011

Background: In South Africa, youths aged 15–24 years are at a higher risk of HIV infections than other age groups, and female youths are at a greater risk than their male counterparts. An essential step in controlling the pandemic of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is to help adolescents to reduce or avoid unsafe sexual practices.Objective: This study was designed to establish risky sexual practices amongst female undergraduate students.Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in September 2009 amongst full-time female undergraduate students. A multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit 391 students for the study.Results: The mean age of the students was 21.4 ± 3.2 years (range 17–45 years). More than half (52.4%) of the students were sexually active. The median age at first sexual intercourse was 19.0 years (range 12–24 years). Participants who had multiple sexual partners had a median of 2 (range, 2–4) sexual partners. The majority (89.3%) of the students used contraceptives. Almost half (41.5%), sometimes or rarely, used contraceptives during sex. With regard to substance use, 57.5% and 6.9% respectively drank alcohol and used drugs. Sexually active students had 1.5 times (OR = 1.5, p = 0.04), (OR = Odds Ratio), more chances of consuming alcohol than those who were not sexually active. Students with multiple sexual partners were 7 times more likely to consume alcohol compared to those who did not have multiple partners (OR = 6.9, p = 0.004). Students with multiple sexual partners had 3.5 times more chances of taking drugs compared to students with one steady partner (OR = 3.5, p = 0.038).Conclusion: A large number of female university students are engaging in risky sexual practices. University Management should concentrate on developing and implementing policies to promote safer sexual practices, in particular targeting consequences of STIs and HIV and methods to minimise the risk.
Job characteristics, work-nonwork interference and the role of recovery strategies amongst employees in a tertiary institution
Authors: Oosthuizen Jani , Mostert Karina , Koekemoer Frieda E.
Published: November 2011

Orientation: Although work characteristics and recovery strategies are associated with work- family interference, the influence on specific types of work-nonwork interference (W-NWI) has not been investigated. Research purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of work characteristics and recovery strategies on four types of W-NWI.Motivation for the study: It is clear from the literature that job characteristics and W-NWI have adverse effects on employees’ health and well-being. It is therefore important to identify work characteristics and recovery strategies associated with W-NWI.Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. The target population was married employees with children working at a Tertiary Education Institution (TEI) in the North West Province (N = 366).Main findings: Work pressure and emotional demands significantly predicted all the work-nonwork role interference dimensions. A lack of autonomy predicted work-parent interference and work-religion and/or spirituality interference, whilst a lack of development possibilities predicted work-religion and/or spirituality interference. Relaxation and mastery recovery experiences significantly predicted lower work-parent interference. A lack of psychological detachment and relaxation were significantly associated with lower work- spouse interference. Relaxation and control significantly predicted lower work-domestic interference, whilst psychological detachment significantly predicted lower work-religion and/or spirituality interference.Practical/managerial implications: The results give managers insight into the specific work characteristics and recovery experiences that play a role in W-NWI, upon which interventions can be based to address these issues.Contribution/value-add: This study provides information on the relationship between work characteristics, recovery experiences and the effect on different types of W-NWI.
Rate of non-linearity in DMS aerosol-cloud-climate interactions
Authors: Thomas M. A. , Suntharalingam P. , Pozzoli L. , Devasthale A. , Kloster S. , Rast S. , Feichter J. , Lenton T. M.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. The degree of non-linearity in DMS-cloud-climate interactions is assessed using the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ model by taking into account end-to-end aerosol chemistry-cloud microphysics link. The evaluation is made over the Southern oceans in austral summer, a region of minimal anthropogenic influence. In this study, we compare the DMS-derived changes in the aerosol and cloud microphysical properties between a baseline simulation with the ocean DMS emissions from a prescribed climatology, and a scenario where the DMS emissions are doubled. Our results show that doubling the DMS emissions in the current climate results in a non-linear response in atmospheric DMS burden and subsequently, in SO2 and H2SO4 burdens due to inadequate OH oxidation. The aerosol optical depth increases by only ~20 % in the 30° S–75° S belt in the SH summer months. This increases the vertically integrated cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) by 25 %. Since the vertically integrated liquid water vapor is constant in our model simulations, an increase in CDNC leads to a reduction in cloud droplet radius of 3.4 % over the Southern oceans in summer. The equivalent increase in cloud liquid water path is 10.7 %. The above changes in cloud microphysical properties result in a change in global annual mean radiative forcing at the TOA of −1.4 W m−2. The results suggest that the DMS-cloud microphysics link is highly non-linear. This has implications for future studies investigating the DMS-cloud climate feedbacks in a warming world and for studies evaluating geoengineering options to counteract warming by modulating low level marine clouds.
On the sub-micron aerosol size distribution in a coastal-rural site at El Arenosillo Station (SW – Spain)
Authors: Sorribas M. , de la Morena B. A. , Wehner B. , López J. F. , Prats N. , Mogo S. , Wiedensohler A. , Cachorro V. E.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. This study focuses on the analysis of the sub-micron aerosol characteristics at El Arenosillo Station, a rural and coastal environment in South-western Spain between 1 August 2004 and 31 July 2006 (594 days). The mean total concentration (NT) was 8660 cm−3 and the mean concentrations in the nucleation (NNUC), Aitken (NAIT) and accumulation (NACC) particle size ranges were 2830 cm−3, 4110 cm−3 and 1720 cm−3, respectively. Median size distribution was characterised by a single-modal fit, with a geometric diameter, median number concentration and geometric standard deviation of 60 nm, 5390 cm−3 and 2.31, respectively. Characterisation of primary emissions, secondary particle formation, changes to meteorology and long-term transport has been necessary to understand the seasonal and annual variability of the total and modal particle concentration. Number concentrations exhibited a diurnal pattern with maximum concentrations around noon. This was governed by the concentrations of the nucleation and Aitken modes during the warm seasons and only by the nucleation mode during the cold seasons. Similar monthly mean total concentrations were observed throughout the year due to a clear inverse variation between the monthly mean NNUC and NACC. It was related to the impact of desert dust and continental air masses on the monthly mean particle levels. These air masses were associated with high values of NACC which suppressed the new particle formation (decreasing NNUC). Each day was classified according to a land breeze flow or a synoptic pattern influence. The median size distribution for desert dust and continental aerosol was dominated by the Aitken and accumulation modes, and marine air masses were dominated by the nucleation and Aitken modes. Particles moved offshore due to the land breeze and had an impact on the particle burden at noon, especially when the wind was blowing from the NW sector in the morning during summer time. This increased NNUC and NAIT by factors of 3.1 and 2.4, respectively. Nucleation events with the typical "banana" shape were characterised by a mean particle nucleation rate of 0.74 cm−3 s−1, a mean growth rate of 1.96 nm h−1 and a mean total duration of 9.25 h (starting at 10:55 GMT and ending at 20:10 GMT). They were observed for 48 days. Other nucleation events were identified as those produced by the emissions from the industrial areas located at a distance of 35 km. They were observed for 42 days. Both nucleation events were strongly linked to the marine air mass origin.
Performance Appraisal Systems In Public Sector Universities Of Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Ambreen , Yasmeen Kausar , Khan Bashir
Published: November 2011

The current research investigates different aspects of performance appraisal system, & how performance appraisal system can play its role in improving the performance of teachers in higher education institutions of Pakistan. In the present study multi- methods approach was used which consist of survey questionnaire and in depth interviews. Survey questionnaire was used in order to investigate various aspects of current performance appraisal system and in depth interview to study the perception of teachers on performance appraisal approach. The focus of the study was on the employees of Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) Multan, Pakistan. The researchers undertook the public sector University of Pakistan, as a case study in the present study. Results show that although employees of BZU are aware of the useful outcomes of performance appraisal but there are some hindering factors e.g. untrained raters, exclusion of multiple raters, absence of feedback in the way of successful implementation of performance appraisal system. Present study also suggests the solutions with their implications regarding said factors.
As aves das trilhas ecoturísticas de Igatu, Chapada Diamantina (BA)
Authors: Coelho Aline Góes , Machado Caio Graco , De Carvalho Hermilino Danilo Santana , Nolasco Marjorie CsekÃ¶
Published: November 2011

Os observadores de aves tornaram-se o maior grupo de registro da vida silvestre do planeta e é a comunidade de contemplação da natureza que mais cresce no mundo. O turismo de observação de aves tem grande potencial de retorno financeiro para as comunidades receptivas criando incentivos para proteção ambiental de áreas naturais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a avifauna das trilhas ecológicas de Igatu, Chapada Diamantina e sua flora associada, para serem exploradas pelo turismo local. Foram realizadas três expedições ao local de estudo, com duração média de cinco dias cada. O registro da avifauna foi realizado com o auxílio do binóculo ou a olho nu a partir de caminhadas por três trilhas ecológicas durante todo o dia. Foram identificadas 51 espécies de aves, distribuídas em 22 famílias. As mais atrativas para o turismo de observação de aves foram: rabo-branco-canelado (Phaethornis pretrei), besourinho-de-bico-vermelho (Chlorostilbon lucidus), o endêmico beija-flor-de-gravata-vermelha (Augastes lumachella), sofrê (Icterus jamacaii) e pássaro-preto (Gnorimopsar chopii), maria-preta-de-garganta-vermelha (Knipolegus nigerrimus) e saí-azul (Dacnis cayana). As plantas que se destacaram foi o mulungu (Erythrina velutina) e o mucugê-brabo (Clusia nemorosa), com flores e frutos, respectivamente, atrativos às aves. As trilhas de Igatu apresentaram exuberantes representantes da avifauna, sendo excelentes atrativos para turistas interessados na contemplação das aves. A existência de uma variedade de recursos alimentares para as aves nas trilhas de Igatu maximiza a possibilidade do avistamento e identificação de diferentes espécies. O turismo de observação de aves planejado pode proporcionar um crescimento do ecoturismo em Igatu, trazendo mais recursos financeiros, aumentando o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico na região.
O papel da educação ambiental no desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável no município de Maceió, Alagoas
Authors: Lessa Lúcio de Azevedo
Published: November 2011

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal identificar a relação da educação ambiental com o desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável no município de Maceió, Estado de Alagoas, tomando como referência o Instituto Lagoa Viva. Entendemos por educação ambiental o processo transversal e interdisciplinar que deve permear todas as áreas do saber objetivando a formação do indivíduo e de uma consciência coletiva (interdependência social), contribuindo para a questão ambiental numa prática de educação contínua e integrada, baseada no respeito a todas as formas de vida. A metodologia foi baseada na pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva de caráter analítico numa percepção holística abrangendo assim o turismo local que deve estar integrado a uma prática contínua de educação ambiental já que nenhuma grande transformação pode-se realizar sem a ação da educação. Além disso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, em que se pôde coletar os dados, através da observação direta, e entrevistas abertas semi-estruturadas, junto aos colaboradores do Instituto Lagoa Viva. Tais informações foram analisadas de forma interativa, para melhor contextualizar o objeto de estudo, turismo sustentável, em sua totalidade, buscando um entendimento entre os interesses ambientais e a complexidade das relações humanas, dando assim uma abordagem qualitativa aos dados coletados, permitindo-nos concluir que a educação ambiental é um instrumento específico para gerir as mudanças necessárias para o desenvolvimento do turismo em Maceió, associado a qualidade de vida da população, preparando o ser humano para o entendimento dos novos valores éticos fundamentados na solidariedade as gerações futuras através do uso adequado e consciente dos recursos naturais.
Ecoturismo em áreas protegidas: análise da trajetória da gestão participativa como estratégia de conservação
Authors: Déjardin Isabelle Pedreira
Published: November 2011

O presente estudo teve por objetivo desvelar a trajetória da gestão participativa no processo de conservação de recursos naturais, tomando-se como base conceitual o surgimento da noção de inclusão de atores locais para atingir-se os princípios gerais de preservação de espécies e ecossistemas em nosso planeta. A partir da construção introdutória do referido quadro teórico, demonstra-se que o surgimento do ecoturismo mundial nos anos 1980 inicia-se em meio à dinâmica de inclusão de comunidades e populações locais na orientação de estratégias de conservação da natureza, culminando para esta análise no ecoturismo praticado em áreas naturais protegidas. Para isso, e atendendo uma análise geral constituída em referencial teórico, são citadas organizações internacionais de grande porte como IUCN (International Union Conservation Nature) e UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), cujas atuações políticas e institucionais desenvolvidas nesse sentido ¬– sobretudo a partir da década de 1970 ¬– foram determinantes para a instauração de um programa organizacional único de proteção aos Patrimônios Naturais no mundo e de seus ecossistemas. Em seguida, a elaboração sistemática de prerrogativas de conservação respaldadas nestes organismos orienta-nos paulatinamente a uma gestão participativa ou comunitária da biodiversidade, revelando-nos pertinentemente a importância dessa dinâmica adotada como estratégia mundial de conservação, e o posterior surgimento do ecoturismo em áreas naturais protegidas. Dessa forma, em sua construção metodológica, este trabalho comporta duas partes e uma conclusão. Na primeira seção abordam-se os principais quadros teóricos com referência à conservação dos recursos naturais, sendo introduzido o pressuposto evolutivo de uma gestão participativa; na segunda seção, desenvolve-se a estrutura teórica do ecoturismo em nível mundial, desde os seus primórdios à preemência de um turismo sob a ótica da participação, cujos atores sociais envolvidos passam a gerir a conservação. Conclui-se com este estudo que o ecoturismo em áreas protegidas não teria surgido sem as diretrizes de organismos como IUCN e UNESCO. Do mesmo modo entende-se que as dificuldades em alcançar objetivos de conservação são maiores à medida em que se diminuem as chances de incluir comunidades em sua gestão.
Sustentabilidade no Ecoparque de Una, Sul da Bahia
Authors: Déjardin Isabelle Pedreira
Published: November 2011

O Ecoparque de Una localizado na região sul da Bahia tornou-se, desde a sua abertura, em 1998, uma importante fonte de pesquisas científicas e educacionais, tendo em vista o fato de ter sido o primeiro projeto demonstrativo de ecoturismo em uma Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) do nordeste brasileiro, com a denominação oficial de Parque Ecoturístico, e igualmente Posto Avançado de Reserva da Biosfera, no programa Man and Biosphère, da UNESCO. Não obstante, e levando em consideração os recentes avanços em torno de temas relevantes para a prática do ecoturismo em áreas protegidas no Brasil ¬– tais como a participação local, a conservação da natureza, a gestão compartilhada e alternativas no combate à pobreza¬ ¬–, partimos da constatação de que sem a participação de atores comunitários ou o envolvimento destes no recebimento de benefícios, o próprio sistema de gestão desenvolvido para a proteção da biodiversidade estaria comprometido. De posse desses dados, o objetivo deste artigo consistiu em verificar a maneira pela qual o ecoturismo praticado no Ecoparque de Una seria capaz de articular e fortalecer a gestão participativa comunitária, a proteção da biodiversidade na região e uma posterior repartição de benefícios (econômicos e sociais) advindos de suas atividades. Ora, sendo estes também objetivos de sustentabilidade a se alcançar no Ecoparque de Una, como ficaria o ecoturismo diante de uma possível desarticulação em sua gestão? Para responder esta questão, o trabalho divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira seção abordam-se a descrição, localização e análise dos atores e do contexto do ecoturismo praticado no Ecoparque de Una. Na segunda seção são analisados elementos de conflito surgidos entre os stakeholders, sendo elaborada uma reflexão comparativa entre o que consideramos falhas e acertos em suas operações, e a forma como estão engajados os atores institucionais que desejam tornar o Ecoparque de Una uma referência de ecoturismo sustentável ¬– econômica e socialmente – e capaz de proteger a biodiversidade local, representada pela significativa e exuberante mata atlântica. Concluímos o trabalho salientando sua proposta responsável em proteger a natureza e beneficiar comunidades, dentro evidentemente de uma perspectiva de sustentabilidade, mas ressaltando a urgência de um melhor planejamento de ações entre as partes, caso contrário, os objetivos listados acima e aos quais se propõe o Ecoparque podem estar severamente comprometidos.
On‐Line Electrochemical/LC‐MSTechniques for Profiling and Characterizing Metabolites
Authors: Gamache Paul H. , Acworth Ian N.
Published: November 2011

Oxidation is an important aspect of drug metabolism and in the formation of reactive, and potentially toxic, species. Whilein vitroandin vivobiological systems provide essential information in drug metabolism studies, significant challenges remain in the identification, structural elucidation, and quantification of drug metabolites at key stages of drug development. This chapter provides an overview of the practical use of electrochemistry (EC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS), which has recently shown increased adoption within the pharmaceutical industry. Coulometric EC flow cells are shown to provide significant flexibility and simplicity in experimental design to facilitate a variety of studies. The described EC‐MS techniques include the use of EC flow cells in series with MS to oxidatively produce species that often correspond to biological metabolites and reactive species. Advantages of these purely instrumental techniques include the ability to rapidly screen oxidative reactions, to study reactive species where nonspecific binding may prevent detection in biological systems, and to allow synthesis of metabolites in quantities sufficient for structural elucidation or use as quantitative standards. Furthermore, the use of EC array as a parallel detector with MS is described as a highly complementary approach in metabolite profiling and metabolomic studies.
Design of Novel Dielectric Surface Modifications for Perylene Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Effertz Christian , Lahme Stefan , Schulz Philip , Segger Ingolf , Wuttig Matthias , Classen Arno , Bolm Carsten
Published: November 2011

Dielectric surface modifications (DSMs) can improve the performance of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) significantly. In order to gain a deeper understanding of this performance enhancement and to facilitate high‐mobility transistors, perylene based devices utilizing novel dielectric surface modifications have been produced. Novel DSMs, based on derivates of tridecyltrichlorosilane (TTS) with different functional end‐groups as well as polymeric dielectrics have been applied to tailor the adhesion energy of perylene. The resulting samples were characterized by electronic transport measurements, scanning probe microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Measurements of the surface free energy of the modified dielectric enabled the calculation of the adhesion energy of perylene upon these novel DSMs by the equation‐of‐state approach. These calculations demonstrate the successful tailoring of the adhesion energy. With these novel DSMs, perylene thin‐films with a superior film quality were produced, which enabled high‐performance perylene‐based OTFTs with high charge‐carrier mobility.
Ten years' experience with needle biopsy in the early diagnosis of sacroiliitis
Authors: Gong Yao , Zheng Nan , Chen Su‐Biao , Xiao Zheng‐Yu , Wu Ming‐Yao , Liu Yuan , Zeng Qing‐Yu
Published: November 2011

Objective

To evaluate the usefulness of needle biopsy in the diagnosis of early sacroiliitis to improve the diagnostic level and outcome of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods

One hundred nine patients in whom early AS was highly suspected, but in whom only sacroiliitis of grade I or lower on radiography/computed tomography (CT) was seen, were recruited for study. CT‐guided needle biopsy of the sacroiliac joints was performed, and the patients were followed up for 5–10 years.

Results

Of the 109 patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to confirm the presence or absence of sacroiliitis in 77 patients. Of these, 23 patients were determined to have sacroiliitis on MRI, and 54 had no sacroiliitis on MRI. Needle biopsy was performed on all 109 patients. Features of inflammation were found in 85 patients, which included all 23 patients with MRI evidence of sacroiliitis and 38 of the 54 patients without MRI evidence of sacroiliitis. No features of inflammation were found on needle biopsy in 24 of the patients, including the remaining 16 patients who did not have sacroiliitis on MRI. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for the early diagnosis of sacroiliitis in these patients were 37.7% and 100%, respectively. Thirty‐four patients with pathologic evidence of sacroiliitis were followed up for 5–10 years. At the study end point, 16 of these 34 patients continued to show grade I or lower changes on CT, and 18 had changes of grade II or higher. These 18 patients included 7 of the 8 patients with evidence of sacroiliitis on MRI and 6 of the 20 patients confirmed not to have MRI evidence of sacroiliitis at baseline.

Conclusion

MRI, though of low sensitivity, is specific for the diagnosis of early sacroiliitis. Sacroiliitis can be detected earlier by needle biopsy than by MRI.
Acute‐phase serum amyloid A regulates tumor necrosis factor α and matrix turnover and predicts disease progression in patients with inflammatory arthritis before and after biologic therapy
Authors: Connolly Mary , Mullan Ronan H. , Mccormick Jennifer , Matthews Clare , Sullivan Owen , Kennedy Aisling , FitzGerald Oliver , Poole A. Robin , Bresnihan Barry , Veale Douglas J. , Fearon Ursula
Published: November 2011

Objective

To investigate the relationship between acute‐phase serum amyloid A (A‐SAA) and joint destruction in inflammatory arthritis.

Methods

Serum A‐SAA and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1), MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and type I and type II collagen–generated biomarkers C2C and C1,2C were measured at 0–3 months in patients with inflammatory arthritis commencing anti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti‐TNFα) therapy and were correlated with 1‐year radiographic progression. The effects of A‐SAA on MMP/TIMP expression on RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS), primary human chondrocytes, and RA/psoriatic arthritis synovial explant cultures were assessed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, antibody protein arrays, and gelatin zymography.

Results

Serum A‐SAA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with MMP‐3, the MMP‐3:TIMP‐1 ratio, C1,2C, C2C, and VEGF. The baseline A‐SAA level but not the ESR or the CRP level correlated with the 28‐joint swollen joint count and was independently associated with 1‐year radiographic progression (P = 0.038). A‐SAA increased MMP‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐13, and MMP/TIMP expression in RA FLS and synovial explants (P < 0.05). In chondrocytes, A‐SAA induced MMP‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐13 messenger RNA and protein expression (all P < 0.01), resulting in a significant shift in MMP:TIMP ratios (P < 0.05). Gelatin zymography revealed that A‐SAA induced MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity. Blockade of the A‐SAA receptor SR‐B1 (A‐SAA receptor scavenger receptor‐class B type 1) inhibited MMP‐3, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 expression in synovial explant cultures ex vivo. Importantly, we demonstrated that A‐SAA has the ability to induce TNFα expression in RA synovial explant cultures (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A‐SAA may be involved in joint destruction though MMP induction and collagen cleavage in vivo. The ability of A‐SAA to regulate TNFα suggests that A‐SAA signaling pathways may provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisited Synthesis of Aryl‐H‐phosphinates.
Authors: Volle Jean‐Noel , Filippini Damien , Midrier Camille , Sobecki Michal , Drag Marcin , Virieux David , Pirat Jean‐Luc
Published: November 2011

Previously reported conditions for the synthesis of (IIIa) are optimized concerning the intermediate phosphonite formation [0.2 M final concentration with respect to P(O‐Et)3] and for the hydrolysis step.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Sialyl Tn‐Antigens and Derivatives.
Authors: Ding Li , Yu Hai , Lau Kam , Li Yanhong , Muthana Saddam , Wang Junru , Chen Xi
Published: November 2011

N‐terminal and C‐terminal truncated recombinant α2↔6‐sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Furaquinocins I and J: Novel Polyketide Isoprenoid Hybrid Compounds from Streptomyces Reveromyceticus SN‐593.
Authors: Panthee Suresh , Takahashi Shunji , Takagi Hiroshi , Nogawa Toshihiko , Oowada Eri , Uramoto Masakazu , Osada Hiroyuki
Published: November 2011

Title compounds (I) are isolated using an enhanced procedure, and their biosynthesis is discussed.
A novel flow cytometric protocol for assessment of yeast cell adhesion
Authors: Silva‐Dias A. , Miranda I. M. , Rocha R. , Monteiro‐Soares M. , Salvador A. , Rodrigues A. G. , Pina‐Vaz C.
Published: November 2011

Microbial adhesion is a field of recognized relevance and, as such, an impressive array of tools has been developed to understand its molecular mechanisms and ultimately for its quantification. Some of the major limitations found within these methodologies concern the incubation time, the small number of cells analyzed, and the operator's subjectivity. To overcome these aspects, we have developed a quantitative method to measure yeast cells' adhesion through flow cytometry. In this methodology, a suspension of yeast cells is mixed with green fluorescent polystyrene microspheres (uncoated or coated with host proteins). Within 2 h, an adhesion profile is obtained based on two parameters: percentage and cells‐microsphere population's distribution pattern. This flow cytometry protocol represents a useful tool to quantify yeast adhesion to different substrata in a large scale, providing manifold data in a speedy and informative manner. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An overview of using directional antennas in wireless networks
Authors: Dai Hong‐Ning , Ng Kam‐Wing , Li Minglu , Wu Min‐You
Published: November 2011

Compared with omni‐directional antennas, directional antennas have many merits, such as lower interference, better spatial reuse, longer transmission range, and improved network capacity. Directional antennas enable numerous emerging outdoor and indoor applications, which have been addressed in many recent studies. Despite the advances in wireless networks with directional antennas (DAWNs), there are many research challenges in all layers of DAWNs. This paper presents a detailed study on recent advances and open research issues on DAWNs. Firstly, we briefly introduce the classification of directional antennas, antenna radiation patterns, antenna modes, and the challenges in the physical layer of DAWNs. We then present research issues on the medium access control (MAC) layer, followed by the current solutions as well as open research problems on the MAC layer of DAWNs. In addition, we also discuss the research issues on the routing layer and the transport layer. Moreover, other research challenges on the performance evaluation of DAWNs and a brief introduction of indoor DAWNs are given in this paper as well. In conclusion, we summarize the current research issues on DAWNs as well as prospects in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.