bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Metallurgy of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Wang Junsheng
Published: December 2018

This article provides a thorough review of the physical metallurgy of aluminum alloys and its role in determining the properties and from a design and manufacturing perspective. And its role in include the effects of composition, mechanical working, and/or heat treatment on structure and properties. This article focuses on the effects of alloying and the metallurgical factors on phase constituents, structure, and properties of aluminum alloys. Effects from different combinations of alloying elements are described in terms of relevant alloy phase diagrams. The article addresses the underlying alloying and structural aspects that affect the properties and possible processing routes of aluminum alloys. It provides information on the heat treatment effects on the physical properties of aluminum alloys and the microstructural effects on the fatigue and fracture of aluminum alloys. The important alloying elements and impurities are listed alphabetically as a concise review of major effects.
Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Castings
Authors: Sigworth Geoffrey K.
Published: December 2018

The strength of aluminum castings can be improved significantly by heat treatments, which control the size, shape, and distribution of the impurity elements in the casting. This article presents a discussion on the heat treatment of aluminum alloy castings, with a focus on the fundamental technical aspects involved in each process step. The intent is to convey a good understanding of the fundamental aspects of heat treatment. Typical heat treatments of aluminum casting alloys are presented in a table. The article describes the solution heat treatment, quenching, and preaging of Al-Si-Mg alloys, as well as the solution heat treatment and artificial aging of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloys.
Metallurgy of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys
Authors: MacKenzie D. Scott
Published: December 2018

Heat treatment of aluminum alloys frequently refers to the heat treatable aluminum alloys that can be strengthened by solution treatment, quenching, and subsequent hardening. This article introduces the general metallurgy of strengthening aluminum alloys by heat treatment. It discusses various heat treatable alloying elements, such as copper, chromium, iron, magnesium, silicon, zinc, and lithium. The article describes the age-hardening treatments and generalized precipitation sequence for aluminum alloys. It reviews the solution heat treatment in terms of solution heating time and temperature, as well as high-temperature oxidation. The article also discusses quench sensitivity, vacancy loss, grain-boundary precipitates, and quench delay for the heat treatment of aluminum. It concludes with a discussion on the deformation of aluminum alloys prior to aging.
Chemical and Electrolytic Brightening
Authors: Oakley Mary , Chandler Wayne
Published: December 2018

Chemical brightening (bright dipping) and electrolytic brightening (electropolishing) are essentially selective-dissolution processes, in which the high points of a rough surface of aluminum are attacked more rapidly than the depressions, and the peaks and valleys are smoothed to produce a bright and beautiful finish. This article discusses the metallurgical factors, optical factors, and applications of the chemical and electrolytic brightening. It compares the chemical brightening and electrolytic brightening, and presents the advantages of the chemical and electrolytic brightening processes in terms of performance and economy. The article describes the phosphoric-nitric acid baths and phosphoric-sulfuric acid baths used for chemical brightening. Solution compositions and operating conditions for three commercial electropolishing processes, as well as for suitable post-treatments, are presented in a table.
Permanent Mold Casting of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Lampman S.
Published: December 2018

Aluminum casting in steel and iron permanent molds is used widely throughout industry, and the vast majority of permanent mold castings are made of aluminum and its alloys. There are several methods used to cast aluminum in permanent molds. This article focuses on permanent mold casting with molten aluminum fed by gravity, low pressure, vacuum and centrifugal pressure, and squeeze casting. It discusses the major variables that affect the life of permanent molds, including pouring temperature, casting shape, cooling methods, heating cycles, storage, and cleaning. The article reviews the basic components of mold coatings: refractory fillers, binder, and carrier. Casting defects and suggested corrective actions for permanent mold casting are summarized in a table. The article concludes with a discussion on thin-wall permanent-mold castings.
Resistance Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Spinella D.J.
Published: December 2018

The resistance welding processes commonly employed for joining aluminum are resistance spot welding, resistance seam welding, resistance roll welding, upset and flash welding for butt joining welding, and high-frequency resistance welding. This article discusses the general factors affecting resistance welding: electrical and thermal conductivities, rising temperature, plastic range, shrinkage, and surface oxide. It reviews the weldability of base materials such as Alclad alloys and aluminum metal-matrix composites. The article describes the joint design and welding procedures for resistance spot welding, as well as the joint type, equipment, and welding procedures for seam and roll spot welding. It concludes with information on flash welding, high-frequency welding, and cross-wire welding.
Mechanical Finishing of Aluminum
Authors: Finn Michael E.
Published: December 2018

Mechanical finishes usually can be applied to aluminum using the same equipment used for other metals. This article describes the two types of grinding used in mechanical finishing: abrasive belt grinding and abrasive wheel grinding. It reviews the binders and fluid carriers used in buffing, and discusses satin finishing and barrel finishing. It also describes lapping and honing techniques that are of special interest in treating aluminum parts that have received hard anodic coatings. Honing recommendations for aluminum alloys are presented in a table.
Aluminum Casting Alloys and Casting Processes
Authors: Sigworth Geoffrey
Published: December 2018

Aluminum casting alloys are among the most versatile of all common foundry alloys and generally have high castability ratings. This article provides an overview of the common methods of aluminum shape casting. It discusses the designations of aluminum casting alloys categorized by the Aluminum Association designation system. The article summarizes the basic composition groupings of aluminum casting alloy and discusses the effects of specific alloying elements and impurities. The characteristics of the important casting processes are summarized and compared in a table. The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of green sand casting, permanent mold casting, semipermanent mold casting, and high-pressure die casting. A discussion on other casting processes, such as investment casting, lost foam, plaster mold casting, pressure casting, centrifugal casting, and semisolid casting, is also included.
Die Casting
Authors: Hartlieb Martin , Anderson Kevin
Published: December 2018

Nearly two-thirds of the aluminum castings made in North America are produced using high-pressure die casting techniques. This article compares and contrasts traditional high-pressure die casting with an improved version that uses a vacuum to pull air out of the die in order to reduce porosity in as-cast parts. It begins by describing a typical cycle for a traditional cold-chamber die casting machine, using detailed illustrations to show how gas can become trapped in the liquid metal. It then presents various remedies, ultimately focusing on vacuum die casting for the production of high-integrity parts. In addition to vacuum technology, the article discusses casting alloys, dies, and cells, and describes some of the benefits of structural die castings.
Adhesive Bonding
Authors: Burt Victoria
Published: December 2018

Adhesive bonding is a proven technology in the manufacture of automotive assemblies, helping carmakers achieve weight reduction goals without compromising body stiffness, crash performance, and noise-vibration-handling characteristics. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of adhesive-bonded aluminum joints and the procedures used to produce them. It addresses surface preparation, the addition of interfacial coatings and primers, and the application of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins. The article examines the nature and role of the various layers that constitute the joint and explains how each contributes to performance. It also discusses adhesive selection factors, joint design, and testing procedures.
Laser Beam Machining of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Pantawane Mangesh V. , Joshi Sameehan S. , Dahotre Narendra B.
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on a variety of laser beam machining (LBM) operations of aluminum and its alloys, namely, laser cutting, laser drilling, laser milling, laser turning, laser grooving, laser scribing, laser marking, and laser micromachining. It presents different approaches for carrying out machining operations, laser processing parameters, efficiency and accuracy of the process, and the effect of laser processing parameters on the quality of the machined surface. The article provides an overview of the various conventional (chip forming) and nonconventional machining techniques employed for aluminum-based materials. A comparison of the various aspects of LBM with other non-conventional techniques is also presented. The article also describes the features of LBM techniques employed for aluminum and its alloys for different types of machining.
Extrusion and Drawing of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Saha Pradip
Published: December 2018

This article describes the direct hot extrusion process and the typical sequence of operations for producing extruded aluminum shapes from soft and medium-grade aluminum alloys, hard alloys, and aluminum-matrix composites. It discusses key process variables, including extrusion speed and exit temperature, and their effect on product quality. The article also provides information on extrusion presses, press dies, and tooling, and addresses quality issues such as surface defects, blistering, and internal cracking. It concludes with a discussion on the drawing of solid section and aluminum tube.
Astronomi ile İlgili Yapılan Çalışmalara Yönelik Betimsel İçerik
Authors: AYVACI Hakan Şevki , SEZER Kübra
Published: December 2018

Astronomi,
kişiye kazandırdığı doğru düşünmeyle birlikte kavram düzeyinde bilginin
algılanması ve öğrencilerin uzay-zaman ilişkisi kurabilme becerilerinin
geliştirilmesi açısından önemi gittikçe artan bir bilim dalıdır. Gelişmiş
ülkelere bakıldığında astronominin, öğrencileri fen bilimlerine yönlendirmek ve
fen bilimleri derslerini sevdirmek amacıyla etkin bir şekilde kullanıldığı
görülmektedir. Astronomi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların artırılmasıyla
ülkemizde eğitim ve öğretim düzeyinin gelişmesi yönünde olumlu sonuçlar elde
edileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışmada da, betimsel içerik analizi ile
astronomi konusunda yapılan çalışmaların belli temalar altında toplanarak
bütünsel bir bakış açısıyla analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, ULAKBİM
Ulusal Veri Tabanı ve YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi eğitim alanında yer alan
dergilerde yayımlanmış makaleler taranmış ve astronomi temel alanı içinde yer
alabilecek makaleler incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda çalışmaların
analizi için bazı temalar belirlenmiştir. Bu temalar, amaç, yöntem, örneklem
düzeyi, veri toplama araçları, veri analiz yöntemi, sonuç ve önerilerdir.
Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre astronomi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların yeterli
olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla ilgili olarak araştırmanın sonuçları
doğrultusunda astronomi ile ilgili çalışmaların çeşitli örneklemler üzerinde
yapılması aynı zamanda çeşitli yöntem ve tekniklerin kullanılarak kavram
yanılgılarının giderileceği öğrenme ortamlarının oluşturulması konusunda
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
“Hi-TechStyle” and Other by Anastasia Podervianska
Authors: Олеся Авраменко
Published: December 2018

The article examines individual style and artistic language of the creative work by Anastasia Podervyanska, a bright representative of the creative generation of the 2000s. In particular, her experiments in the polystylistic series of works combining painting, applied art of embroidery, and collage have been studied. The author traces the consonance of power of themed figurative paintings by Anastasia Podervyanska and richness of film shots and collaged by Sergey Paradzhanov.
Teteriv Center of Wood Carving
Authors: Василь Шевчук
Published: December 2018

The article is an attempt to conduct a first synthetic art research study of the Teteriv cell. It highlights the history of the art studio in Teteriv, paying attention to the technology and techniques of wood products manufacturing. The artistic features of wooden products of the most famous masters of the cell are determined on the basis of art-study analysis. It was discovered that in the 1970s Teteriv Experimental and Productive Forestry enterprise was the leading enterprise in the production of souvenir and gift products, technology and decoration of which were based on local traditions of the artistic wood carving of Polissia. Experienced artist V. Parakhin along with young masters managed to revive and modernize forgotten fishing industry of artistic wood processing region, to create souvenirs, which combined the simplicity of aesthetics of production and functional usefulness.
The Wall of Memory
Authors: Горова Наталія
Published: December 2018

The article raises the point of fate of a work of art in a totalitarian society. It deals with compositional and artistic qualities of the unique architectural ensemble—The Park of Memory in Kyiv—that was constructed in 1968–1982, and the significance of its main element—the Wall of Memory with its relief sculptures created by the artists A. Rybachuk and V. Melnychenko. The article substantiates the author’s point of view, concerning the fact that monumental stylistic uniqueness of the Wall of Memory in the context of the Park of Memory complex in Kyiv was that the Wall symbolized the commitment to freedom, tried to proclaim the value of each personality, which was a rebellious thought in the society, where it was normal to conform to the rules, whatever it takes. The author emphasizes the artistic characteristic features of the work by Ada Rybachuk and Volodymyr Melnychenko during the construction of the relief sculptures of the Wall of Memory.
People-Flowers: Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Poussin’s Masterpiece Empire Of Flora (Images and Symbols of Flowers in Art of the 17th century)
Authors: Лай Юеге
Published: December 2018

During the ecological crisis, it is especially important to study the heritage of world art, which shows the harmonious connection between man and nature. The subject of our examination are the images and symbols of flowers in the masterpieces of the artist Nicolas Poussin (1594–1665). We study them in the context of the ancient heritage and culture of the 15th–17th centuries (poetry of Ovid, music, sculpture, theater, and ballet). Based on the ancient mythology of the masters of the Renaissance and Classicism in the paintings Primavera, The Empire of Flora gave their interpretation of the eternal theme of life and its cyclical renewal. The features of the artistic language of Poussin as the leader of classicism are shown. The mythological parallels of the image of Flora in the art of China are revealed.
Orchestration from the Perspective of the Project Management (for I. Karabits’s Pastels)
Authors: Тетяна Бачул
Published: December 2018

It is proposed to pay attention to the progressive management methodology of project management as a promising activity model for the creative personality. Based on the interdisciplinary approach, certain methodological points of intersection of such scientific and practical spheres as project management and musical composition and art practise were found to exist. Special aspects of creative procedurality as the specific feature of professional activity of the composer (orchestrator, arranger) from the perspective of the life cycle of the project were considered. The research has an autocommunicative character, bears the imprint of the professional reflection of the author — composer T. Bachul, who turned to the creation of the orchestral version of the vocal cycle @Pasteli@ by I. Karabits (under the text of P. Tychyna). It was noted for the need to revise of the terminological apparatus of instrumental science, and the terms «orchestration-process» and «orchestration-result» were proposed for use. The theoretical researches of the vocal cycle of I. Karabits by Ukrainian musicologists were considered and, accordingly, the informative level of the opposite musicological images of the work was analyzed, which assisted in understanding the complex multi-level symbolic world of «Pastels» by I. Karabits. For the first time, some milestones of the composer’s life and creativity, the author of the original source, were followed up in the light of such professional manifestations of the artist’s activity as orchestration, arrangement, art management. The prospects of the project type of thinking as an attribute of a new creative entrepreneurial culture, of which professional music is a part, were considered. Some features of the orchestration of a musical work (or part оf its facture) as a specific form of creative practice in the general ideological framework of the project approach were determined. A certain conceivable model has been created for presentation of new musicological meanings. The general characteristic of project management as a special culture of thinking, having acquired procedurality, ordering the creative activity and emphasizing priorities is presented.
Ukrainian Poster of the World War II: Content and Form
Authors: Ольга Гладун
Published: December 2018

Based on the results of recent research, we consider the Ukrainian poster of World War II as a complex artistic phenomenon existing in the context of the Soviet poster of that period. The visual language of the Ukrainian poster of the times of the war of 1939– 1945 is studied in communicative and artistic aspects and is analyzed taking into account the principles of the previous art periods of the 1920s and 1930s. The political poster is considered as advertising of an ideological mode and its influence on a society.
Bandura Art in the Ukrainian-Italian Cultural Cooperation
Authors: Ірина Дружга
Published: December 2018

The article tracks down the historical retrospective of the Ukrainian cultural components’ functioning in Italy as a unique dialogue between cultures. We describe the main features of the modern bandura art, based on the works of the Ukrainian-Italian composer Volodymyr Zubitsky. The author defines the key tendencies of the bandura performance in Italy and Europe as a whole, particularly we consider the specifics of the works, created by the Ukrainian bandura players and bandura bands in the Italian cultural environment.
International symposium Cucuteni International Art Camp in the Context of the Development of Contemporary Art Ceramics
Authors: Тетяна Зіненко
Published: December 2018

The article researched innovative cultural and art project — international symposium «Cucuteni International art camp», which has been held since 2015 in the village of Ivancha (Moldova) is being explored. A culturological analysis of the phenomenon of the artistic for the period from 2015 to 2018 is conducted and the characteristics of the ceramic works created at the symposium are submitted. Particular attention is paid to the participation of Ukrainian artists: Galina Istomina, Marta Berezhnenko, Anna Kiseleva in this project and their interaction with artists from other countries in the process of creative work. The main source of this research is the interview with the author of the article with artists, curators, symposium organizers, articles in mass media, photo and video reports, which are on the Internet, as well as created at the symposiums of work.A significant new experience of this symposium also lies in the fact that representatives of other countries, other cultures, are involved in the curatorial process. The curator of the first two symposiums was the Azerbaijani artist Mir-Teimur Mamedov, and the curator of the two following — the Polish ceramist of Lithuanian origin, Rytis Konstantinavicus. And this not only has no problem: on the contrary, such an approach demonstrates openness to dialogue, to the understanding and perception of other, different from their own, views on art. It is in him that the fundamental and innovative role played by this Moldova symposium will continue to play.The article shows that participation in the symposiums gives new opportunities and forces the artist to sometimes change the direction of his work, to try himself in the new conditions of work. It is an opportunity and happiness to reveal new opportunities, new potential, open new themes. The symposiums open new horizons, even when using the same clay, the same paints, known to every artist around the world. In the creative works created within the framework of the «Cucuteni International Art Camp», the theme of the «Trypillya-Kukuten» archaeological culture was interpreted in a new way, with a maximum lack of illustration, marked by a profound culturological penetration in the object of research. At the same time, the author of the article draws attention to the peculiarities of socio-cultural management in the conduct of this symposium, leads interviews with organizers and curators.
The Art History as a Mythmaking
Authors: Олександр Клековкін
Published: December 2018

Depending on the status given by a particular art historian, one can speak about the features of his method, the style of thinking and the scientific school to which he belongs; about the balance of fact and myth.The markers of the myth-making method, the tools which assign the event status to the fact, sometimes a fictitious one, are marked by the examples of theatrical works of Mykola Yevreinov, Dmitry Antonovich, Alexei Gvozdev and other researchers. In the set of events aggregate, in turn, the art history plot is formed.
Gender Issues in the Optics of the Docudays UA International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival
Authors: Оксана Чепелик
Published: December 2018

The range of films, presented within the Docudays UA Film Festival, that took place on March, 23–30, 2018 were examined with in the programs SIMPLE FEMALE EQUALITY, QUEERALITY, SENIOR EQUALITY and the other films, dedicated to gender issue, that explored the topic «Equal Equalities» with the aim to include them into national cultural study discourse, as a subject for reflections and discussions. It is marked that gender is a not an anatomy, but set of rules that all of us, men and women, unavoidably execute, or violate. The importance for a theory and practice whether the documentary cinema gets signals from modern society that is in the cramps of giving birth of the future is pointed out, and what signals are got by the society from documentary, whether the cinematographic world catches the vibrations of our time through the art? The washed out of limit between an art, activism and work with social problems, that the documentary captures, is pointed. The article determines the position of Docudays UA — as cultural and political phenomenon in Ukrainian society is determined, insisting on acquisition by Ukraine of own subjectivity in the documentary cinema with its followіg presentation within important international film festivals.
Experience of the Odesa-Based Artferrum Enterprise as One of the Ways of the Revival of Blacksmith Art in Ukraine
Authors: Роготченко Світлана
Published: December 2018

The author is still investigating the problem of the rebirth and development of blacksmithing and black-smith art in the southern region of Ukraine, not yet fully studied, for example, of the Odesa blacksmith enterprise "Artferrum". This is a powerful modern enterprise, founded in 1989 Oleksandr and Nina Humeniuk today is one of the largest factories producing forged products not only in Ukraine but also in Europe. The methods of this production are different - from the latest developments in the field of metal processing to the traditional grinder and a traditional hammer in the hands of a blacksmith, whose profession is eternal. The role of the artist at the Odesa factory of forged products is neither secondary nor the main thing. At the same time, there are several projects in the design bureau of artists. Unlike the smiths, where the artist is represented in one person, "Artferrum" is a typical representative of a modern European smith enterprise. And this means that cultural studies the study of art of this form of black-smithing – is obligatory.
The Artistic Paradigm of Ukrainian Art of the First Half of the 20th Century: From Experiment to Conventionalism
Authors: Марина Юр
Published: December 2018

The principles of modeling of artistic space in the painting of Ukrainian artists are considered. It is proved that in the conditions of a free experiment, various creative intentions are actively implemented. It was shown that the totalitarian system formed the conventional art within the framework of socialist realism.
Tematska područja Planova upravljanja kao indikator suvremenih urbanističkih problema
Authors: Šmit Krunoslav , Mravunac Ines
Published: December 2018

Članak istražuje tematska područja Planova upravljanja spomeničkim cjelinama pod zaštitom UNESCO-a te ih postavlja u komparativni odnos sa suvremenim urbanističkim problemima mediteranskih gradova na primjeru Dubrovnika, Venecije i Krfa. Utvrđuju se zajedničke i razlikovne svojstvenosti urbanističkih obilježja gradova i tematskih cjelina njihovih Planova upravljanja kao indikatora urbanističkih problema u kontekstu suvremenoga mediteranskog grada.
Ceratite ulcerativa corneana traumática em cão: tratamento com oxigenoterapia hiperbárica
Authors: Mazzi Marcelo , D'Agostino Dias Mariza
Published: December 2018

Corneal ulcerative keratitis is one of the most common causes of eye disease that causes loss of vision in dogs. Its etiology includes several types of trauma, inadequate lacrimal production, chemical lesions and eyelid defects, among others. The cornea is a non-vascularized, translucent structure, histologically composed of the epithelium, stroma, descemet membrane and endothelium. The depth that the lesion reaches between these layers will determine the degree of symptoms such as discomfort and ocular pain, photophobia, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, epiphora and loss of corneal transparency, culminating in anterior synechia, endophthalmitis, previous chamber collapse, glaucoma and atrophy of the ciliary body. The feasibility of tissue repair, the technique to be employed and the time provided for the recovery of the corneal tissue are closely linked to the number of layers involved; ranging from days to months. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an innovative therapy for small animals that are kept inside a hermetically sealed chamber with 100% controlled oxygen supply for previously established periods of time and subjected to pressure levels above atmospheric pressure. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has the potential to accelerate the wound healing process. The scarcity of reports on the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of corneal ulcers justifies the literary description of this clinical case, thus contributing to a greater clarification of aspects related to pathophysiology, diagnosis and new possibilities of treatment of this pathology in veterinary and human medicine. This paper reports the case of a three year old male Pug dog with traumatic corneal ulcerative keratitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, with fast and completes healing in 20 treatments.
Produção e composição química de variedades de cana-de-açúcar com fins forrageiros sob irrigação e adubação
Authors: Costa Newton , Magalhães João Avelar , Rodrigues Braz Henrique Nunes , Santos Francisco José de Seixas , Andrade Junior Aderson Soares , Araújo Neto Raimundo Bezerra de , Azevêdo Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro , Pompeu Roberto Claudio Fernandes Franco , Castro Karina Neoob de Carvalho
Published: December 2018

The effects of varieties, irrigation and fertilization on the production and chemical composition of sugarcane with forage purposes were evaluated in Parnaíba, Piauí. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two irrigation depths (50% and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration - ETo), five sugarcane varieties (RB962962, RB867515, RB92579, RB863129 and RB98710) and four doses of fertilization (70 + 63; 140 + 126; 210 + 189 and 280 + 252 kg of N + K2O/ha/ year, respectively). The planting was carried out in July 2015 and the harvest in July 2016. The sugarcane varieties RB962962 and RB867515 stood out from the others, presenting high productivity of biomass and higher percentage of stalks, reconciled with satisfactory levels of soluble solids (sugars). For the northern Piauí conditions, considering the productivity, improvement of the chemical composition and the possibility of water saving, the applied water depth (irrigation depth + 1,696 mm of rainfall), associated with the application of 70 kg of N and 63 kg of K2O /ha/ year, can be used in the production of biomass of sugarcane for fodder purposes.
Diagnóstico do perfil do consumidor de carne de búfalo no município de Marabá-PA
Authors: Pontes Pontes , Estrela Ana Ruth , Costa Araújo Laylles
Published: December 2018

The objective of this work was to diagnose the buffalo meat consumer profile in Marabá-PA in terms of product knowledge and factors related to the choice, periodicity and quantity of milk and meat consumed. The diagnosis was made through interviews with online forms. There was a preference in beef and fish consumption, and buffalo meat was the least consumed, but a significant portion of the population said they were willing to increase this consumption. The reasons for not consuming buffalo meat were related to the fact that it was a little appreciated meat and lack of supply. The ignorance of the ways of breeding, origin, nutritional aspects, and possible ways of buying and preparing the buffalo meat has ratified its low local consumption, besides the lack of market supply. Consumers of buffalo meat consider this a tasty and healthy food, however, little offered on the market. Campaigns are suggested that aim to increase the supply and consumption of buffalo meat and in actions that allow the population to discover new forms of preparation, consumption and more nutritional information.
UDOSTĘPNIANIE NIERUCHOMOŚCI WOJSKOWYCH ORGANIZACJOM POZARZĄDOWYM I INNYM PARTNEROM SPOŁECZNYM
Authors: LEKSOWSKA Anna
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the essence of the non-government organization and social partner. Alsoit referees to the aims and objectives of the military cooperation with these entities. Moreover itshows in the fi elds of the co-operation and the procedure of releasing the military estate to them.It was pointed out that this process is based on the Cooperation Plan, or on the basis of individualconsent issued by the Director of the Department of Infrastructure
INTERNETOWE MEDIA POLONIJNE W WIELKIEJ BRYTANII W XXI WIEKU
Authors: SKWARCZYŃSKA Ita
Published: December 2018

The Poles who lives in the United Kingdom are one of the biggest concentration of polishcommunity in the world. From World War II the British Isles, in particular London, have beenbeen one of the main aim for the polish emigrants. Numerical amounts of the polish communityin the United Kingdom have beeen increased after the accession of Poland to the European Unionin 2004. Due to quantity of Polish Diaspora in the UK and because of the development of newtechnologies, in the British Isles have been created many magazines, periodicals, web portals,broadcasting stations and television in the Net.
ZASADA PRZESTRZEGANIA Z URZĘDU WŁAŚCIWOŚCI PRZEZ ORGANY ADMINISTRACJI PUBLICZNEJ
Authors: Sawicka Marta
Published: December 2018

The norm resulting from the Article 19 of Administrative Code formulates the principle ofroutinely abiding to the jurisdiction by the organs of public administration, from which the doctrineand judicial decisions derive individual directives. According to the principle an organ cannotundertake any action in the proceedings if it turns out not to be a relevant authority. This principle also determines the action to which the organ is obliged in such a case, namely establishing therelevant authority and promptly sending the application in question. Similarly, the principle obligesthe public administration body to initiate jurisdiction dispute to protect its scope of responsibilitiesagainst other organs and to avoid introducing into other organs’ scope of responsibilities for matterswhich are not theirs by virtue of law.Failure to comply with the principle of routinely abiding jurisdiction by the organ of publicadministration constitutes a disqualifying defect of the proceedings, which results in the decisiondeclared invalid in accordance with article 156 paragraph 1 item 1 of the Administrative Code. Itremains irrelevant, what kind of jurisdiction (material, local, or appeal) was breached when thedecision was taken or the fact that the settlement is correct with regard to its content.
PORWANIE LUB PRZETRZYMYWANIE DLA OKUPU WEDŁUG KODEKSU KANONÓW KOŚCIOŁÓW WSCHODNICH Z 1990 ROKU
Authors: Arent Olga
Published: December 2018

Subject of this article is the legal research on crime of kidnapping or hostage- keeping forransom in jurisdiction of Code of Canons of Oriental Churches. Dogmatic and legal analysis ofnorms of the present code shows that can. 1445 and can. 1451 CCEO of 1990, alike can. 1370and can. 1397 Code of Canon Law (CIC of 1983), provide the possibility to punish perpetratorsof kidnapping or hostage – keeping for ransom of cleric persons, as well as any other person.Regarding this crime, penal sanctions upon CCEO of 1990 are heavier than these, which can beordered based on CIC of 1983.Aside from mentioned offences, Canon Law of Oriental Churches penalizes physical or psychicaltortures, so offender who kidnap or keep hostages with tortures will be liable for this crime.According to Canon Code of Oriental Churches, solely the court can order penalties, so likewisein polish penal law. However, due to specific ecclesiastic community, the nature of penal sanctionsis spiritual.
PODSTAWOWE ZADANIA RZECZNIKA PRASOWEGO JEDNOSTKI ADMINISTRACJI RZĄDOWEJ
Authors: Mrozek Jacek Janusz
Published: December 2018

This article is an attempt to bring closer to the reader the basic tasks of the spokespersonsof the governmental administrative units who implement the information policy of the PrimeMinister, the Government and individual Ministers and Governors. The author analysed thelegal and ethical norms that constitute a spokesman duties, and also pointed the risks that areassociated with this duties.
PRZESTĘPSTWA PROWADZENIA POJAZDÓW MECHANICZNYCH W STANIE NIETRZEŹWOŚCI LUB POD WPŁYWEM ŚRODKA ODURZAJĄCEGO (art. 178a § 1 i 4 k.k.)
Authors: Zaczek Arkadiusz
Published: December 2018

In the last decade on Polish roads has been recorded every year, at least 70,000 drivingunder the influence. Such statistics put Poland ahead of EU countries with the highest numberof intoxicated drivers. There is also no doubt that the risk of road accidents is increasing alongwith the number of drivers with are drunk. Although there are numerous publications addressingissues of offences relating to driving under the influence, this publication containing the analysisof court cases with this range. This work also presents consideration for actually meted sanctionsand measures against people who committed offences relating to driving under the influence.Article consist an introduction, codex regulation of art. 178a § 1 and 4 of the Polish Criminal Code,statistical considerations and conclusion.
WYZWANIA POLITYKI MIGRACYJNEJ FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ – STUDIUM PRAWNE, SOCJOLOGICZNE I GEOPOLITYCZNE (wersja poprawiona)
Authors: Wojnicz Piotr
Published: December 2018

Migration is a mass phenomenon of our time, a permanent phenomenon which takes manyforms, affects all continents and all countries. This phenomenon is one of the most important socialand international issues of the modern world. In this context, the Russian Federation is not freefrom problems arising from migration processes. Migration policy of the Russian Federation isa very important part of that country’s geopolitical game. Location Russia between the EuropeanUnion and China creates considerable scope to influence the shape of migration processes notonly regional but also global. Russia has become a country of immigration. There are two veryimportant aspects in the migration policy of Russia: the internal and external aspects. The internalaspect relates to such phenomena as the fight against the demographic crisis and related deficitsin the labor market, national and religious revival of ethnic groups living in Russia, the low levelof social integration of immigrants. In terms of external migration policy is treated as an instrumentof pressure on the countries of the former Soviet Union, a way of shaping relations with Chinaand the element of national security. Russian migration policy is an active instrument for solvingproblems within the country, as well as a very important foreign policy wizard. Pejorative sideof this policy is that it is planned from above, without taking into account the needs and natureof various Russian regions.
OBLIGATORYJNY SYSTEM NAUCZANIA RELIGII W SZKOŁACH PUBLICZNYCH W ŚWIETLE WYBRANYCH KONKORDATÓW
Authors: Mrozek Jacek Janusz
Published: December 2018

The subject of this article is an attempt to analyse the religion teaching in the mandatory formguaranteed by concordats from the Third Reich (1933), Bavaria (1924) − amended in 1968 and 1974,Lower Saxony (1965), Sarah (1985), Austria (1962 ) and Portugal (1940). Concordat guaranteesprotecting the right of the Catholic Church to teach religion in public schools in these countries areexpressed primarily in the field of religion education, its time dimension, in preparing their owneducational programs, providing religion teachers a rightful position like those teachers of othersubjects, and finally in the supervision on the teaching of religion in schools.
DZIAŁALNOŚĆ CHARYTATYWNA WYZWANIEM DLA PARAFII
Authors: Nogowski Jacek Marek
Published: December 2018

Charity activity in the parish it is a charity service based on the God’s commandment of love,appropriate to needs of people who suffer financial or spiritual poverty, aimed at bringing helpin living decent quality of life. The motive for activity and the charity service comes out of thecommandment of the love to a neighbor and desire for imitating the Christ (Luke 10,30−36). Serviceto poor and suffering people is an evidence of faithfulnesses to the Gospel and is a continuationof the rich charity tradition of the Roman Catholic Church. Concern about the poor and needingpeople carried on in the organized and scheduled way exemplifies the solidarity in the Christ withthe poor people.
POWODY KŁAMANIA POLSKICH UCZNIÓW I STUDENTÓW
Authors: Hamer Katarzyna , RAYWER Katarzyna , Zięba Elżbieta Monika
Published: December 2018

Based on Paul Ekman’s typology of motives of lying, authors wanted to investigate how oftenthey motivate pupils and students to lie. Two studies were conducted: 1) in primary schools anda high school, 2) on different universities. In the second study we also measured the level of needfor approval and agency/communion (the Big Two). Both studies gave similar results, revealing thatpupils and students declared higher frequency of lying motivated by avoiding any inconveniencethan by gaining some kind of profit. Detailed analyses showed that the highest frequency oflying was motivated by two reasons: to protect oneself or someone else from danger and to avoiduncomfortable, awkward situations. Next in frequencies were motives driven by willingness toavoid any nuisance (e.g. punishment, embarrassment or to protect one’s privacy). In both studieslying driven by willingness to gain some kind of profit (e.g. reward, being liked, admired or togain power) was declared as rather rare. Analyses showed that the latter result was not free frominfluence of need for approval. Both age and sex played a certain role in these declarations. In thefirst study, boys significantly more often than girls declared to lie to protect oneself or someoneelse from danger, to secure one’s privacy and to gain power. There were no such differences in thesecond study (among students). As to age, primary school pupils declared lying to be liked (girls)and admired (boys) more often than teenagers in high school, while the latter declared lying togain power and to protect oneself or someone else from danger more often than primary schoolpupils. In turn, students declared, significantly more often than younger subjects, to lie for allreasons. The Big Two turned out to be of little significance – only lower level of communion was, asexpected, connected to higher frequency of both categories of lies (to gain / to avoid), especially incertain reasons of lying (e.g. to gain power or admiration). The results are discussed in the contextof further studies on bigger and more varied groups, Polish cultural specificity and possible biasinginfluence of need for approval in studies of lying.
TUTELA DIFFERENZIATA, CONTROVERSIE DI LAVORO E RAGIONEVOLE DURATA DEL PROCESSO CIVILE
Authors: BUONOCORE COSIMA Ilaria
Published: December 2018

The Italian legislature has used multiple processes to contain the serious problem ofunreasonable duration of trials when the substantive rights violated are particularly delicates asin the case of employment disputes.
MEDIAZIONE CONCILIATIVA E FISCALITÁ INDIRETTA – PARTE PRIMA1: IL REGIME DELL’IMPOSTA DI BOLLO
Authors: PARENTE SALVATORE ANTONELLO
Published: December 2018

The system of tax benefits to the parties recognised that access to mediation proceedings raisescertain problems for the lack of uniformity of legislation, poorly supported at the level of detailconcerning discipline tax benefits.Articles 17, paragraphs 1–3, and 20, d.lgs. March 4, 2010, n. 28, regulate three different typesof tax breaks: two, in terms of indirect taxation, consisting of tax for acts of mediation procedure(total exemption from stamp duty for all acts, documents and measures relating to the mediationprocess; partial relief from registration tax, which applies to only verbal agreement); the third,however, with regard to direct taxation, with the features of a tax credit commensurate withcompensation paid by the parties to the mediation body.The first tax measure of favor, governed by art. 17, paragraph 2, d.lgs. n. 28/2010, in line withprevious experiences on extrajudicial conciliation corporate matters (art. 39, paragraph 1, d.lgs.January 17, 2003, n. 5), consists in exemption from stamp duty (d.P.R. October 26, 1972, n. 642)and each expense, fee or right of any kind and nature, concerning acts, documents and measuresrelating to the mediation process.In applying these principles, are not subject to stamp duty or clerical rights, mediation,the accompanying documents, the act of accession to the ombudsman’s proposal, the proposalformulated by the ombudsman mediation, the mediation and the lack of agreement, together withany copies, memories, in addition to the appointment of any technical consultants. Similarly, are exempt from stamp tax the act of appointment and acceptance of the mandateconferred by the mediator, the mediation affairs registry, the list of mediators entered the body,subscribe to the ombudsman’s impartiality and service evaluation.It is doubtful whether the term expense, fee or right of any kind and nature can be understoodin the sense, in order to apply the exemption to other types of taxes not expressly mentioned: forexample, cadastral and mortgage taxes.
MEDIAZIONE CONCILIATIVA E FISCALITÁ INDIRETTA – PARTE SECONDA1: IL REGIME DELL’IMPOSTA DI REGISTRO
Authors: PARENTE SALVATORE ANTONELLO
Published: December 2018

The second tax measure of favor on conciliatory mediation, consists of partial exemption fromregistration fee: art. 17, paragraph 3, d.lgs. n. 28/2010 prescribes that the agreement is exempt fromregistration fee, within the limit of euro 50,000.00 value; otherwise, the tax is due to the excess,according to ordinary criteria, namely a fixed fee in the event that the performance be deducted inthe minutes of settlement are subject to Value Added Tax (VAT), depending on the meaning of art.40, d.p.r. n. 131 of 1986, that is, otherwise, the tax will be applied with the proportional rate, whichvaries in relation to the content of the agreement. The calculation of the overpayment should becarried out according to the actual verbal content to determine if the case requires the mandatoryor voluntary registration and if the tax is to be calculated as fixed or proportional size.The agreement on the outcome of the mediation procedure, annexed to the minutes ortransfused within it, can take nature, contents and effects, ranging from assessment, to surrender,to the transaction itself. The nature of the store has a priority interest for the ombudsman andmediation body to the effects of the registration fee.The facility is aimed at encouraging recourse to mediation proceedings and to promote success.The benefit, however, may give rise to possible tax avoidance phenomena, in this case in which theparties are abusing the mediation process with the conclusion of agreements aimed to establish theconstituent acts or slides that are benefiting from lower tax treatment of the ordinary: the partiesmay have recourse in a fictitious to mediation, simulating a dispute does not exist, to receive partialexemption from registration fee and implement tax-cost slides effects content, with a dangerousinstrumentalisation of the mediation procedure.
METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF INTERNET MEDIA FUNDING MODELS BY OBSERVING ITS CONTENT
Authors: ZAKHARCHENKO Artem , MALYNKA VOLODYMYR
Published: December 2018

Content of any media resource is closely related to goals the media aimed to reach as wellas to its funding model. Nevertheless, peculiarities of this relationship had not been describedin scientific literature before, especially in the context of Ukrainian informational share of theInternet. Our goal is to indicate and describe these peculiarities, and, on that basis, to form methodsof determination of a funding model for a certain Ukrainian Internet media. We discovered thatthe interdependence between a funding model and its content primarily consists of its orientationtowards financial attractiveness. If there is no such an aim, there can be dysfunction resulting insubsidization. Determination of these subsidies’ origin is usually quite easy, because the stateowned,grant based and crowdfunding media do not tend to hide their funding sources and onlysponsor’s subsidies are usually kept secret.
REFERENDUM LOKALNE W POLSCE – ALE JAKIE?
Authors: CIEŚLIŃSKI Paweł
Published: December 2018

The theme of the article is to check whether in democratic Poland, the institution of localreferendum an import role in the life of the local community. This form of political participation isa „tool” of the legal expression of political decisions by the local communities. Mainly explain, youmodel a local referendum in Poland is functional or dysfunctional – almost, in the bodies responsiblefor the referendum process from the moment of submission of the application until the end of votingand perhaps in the political apathy of local communities?