bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Guidance Programs in the Awareness of Planning for Marriage and Family Constructing "A Descriptive Analytical Study of Marital Preparation Programs and their Beneficiaries in Jeddah"
Authors: Obaid Ali Al-Modaf Obaid Ali Al-Modaf
Published: January 2020

Marriage is a "life-long project" and projects require planning. This study aimed at knowing the role of Marriage Preparation Programs (MPP) in the awareness of marriage planning through: their content, their used means, and the time allocated for lectures and activities. In addition, the study aimed at knowing the point of view of the beneficiaries of these programs about what has been presented and some of their socio-demographic characteristics. The current study is a descriptive study that used two tools to collect field data: a questionnaire to describe and analyze the programs' content and personal interviews with the beneficiaries of these programs. Four MPP- provided by three centers in Jeddah - and seventy-two cases: 32 females and 40 males were chosen through purposive sampling. The major findings of this study can be generalized as followed: I. Marriage goals, sex education, and dialogue between spouses are the most provided subjects by MPP. II. Lectures are the mostly used means to deliver MPPs' content. III. Differences exist between MPPs in terms of allocated time. IV. The most important subjects to be covered by MPP, from the beneficiaries' point of view, are: spouses' rights and duties, dialogue between spouses, the goal of marriage, dealing with anger, sex education, organizing the family budget, and the transference to the marital house. Generally speaking, MPP role in the awareness of marriage planning and family constructing was found to be limited. The study recommended the following: make the results of this research available for MPP providers; do more research in the field of MPP; provide MPP only for the beneficiaries who intend to marry; and design different types of marriage/family education programs for: non-married, married spouses, fathers and mothers, divorced, and widowed beneficiaries.
The problem of sociology in the Arab world between its theoretical reality and applied necessities
Authors: Salih Samir Al-Dulaimi Salih Samir Al-Dulaimi
Published: January 2020

The rapid changes that have occurred in the countries of the Arab world is reflected on the concerns of the humanities in general and sociology in particular. They have also changed the nature of the problems that social thought deals with. It has become the interest of sociologists to study these societies starting from their own desire to understand the problems of these societies, their social structures, their problems, and their inner socio-political forces. Sociologists agree that sociology leads to knowledge and a sound understanding of human behavior, but they disagree about whether this science is trying to uncover any social facts in order to deploy them in making better societies. Some scientists believe that sociology is a theoretical science, but others see it as an applied science. Other scientists, on the other hand, see sociology as both a theoretical and applied science, and even they do not see that there are boundaries between theoretical sociology and applied sociology.The argument that sociology is both a theoretical and applied science cannot only enhance our interest and scientific knowledge about facts, but also contribute to the possibility of drawing a clear picture of the nature of the current and future social life. At the same time, the theoretical importance that contributes to the enrichment of scientific knowledge can be deployed to study the reality of our societies under the current circumstances.
Broadcast spawning in Porites lutea at Reunion Island (Western Indian Ocean)
Authors: Massé Lola M. , Daydé Armand , Séré Mathieu G. , Trentin Florence
Published: January 2020

This study report in situ observations of broadcast spawning of P. lutea on a shallow reef flat of Reunion Island.
Daytime aerosol optical depth above low-level
clouds is similar to that in adjacent clear skies
at the same heights: airborne observation
above the southeast Atlantic
Authors: Shinozuka Yohei , Kacenelenbogen Meloë S. , Burton Sharon P. , Howell Steven G. , Zuidema Paquita , Ferrare Richard A. , LeBlanc Samuel E. , Pistone Kristina , Broccardo Stephen , Redemann Jens , Schmidt K. Sebastian , Cochrane Sabrina P. , Fenn Marta , Freitag Steffen , Dobracki Amie , Segal-Rosenheimer Michal , Flynn Connor J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. To help satellite retrieval of aerosols and studies of their radiative effects, we demonstrate that daytime 532 nm aerosol optical depth over low-level clouds is similar to that in neighboring clear skies at the same heights in recent airborne lidar and sunphotometer observations above the southeast Atlantic. The mean AOD difference is between 0 and −0.01, when comparing the two sides, each up to 20 km wide, of cloud edges. The difference is not statistically significant according to a paired t-test. Systematic differences in the wavelength dependence of AOD and in situ single scattering albedo are also minute. These results hold regardless of the vertical distance between cloud top and aerosol layer bottom. AOD aggregated over ~ 2° grid boxes for each of September 2016, August 2017 and October 2018 also shows little correlation with the presence of low-level clouds. We posit that a satellite retrieval artifact is entirely responsible for a previous finding of generally smaller AOD over clouds (Chung et al., 2016), at least for the region and season of our study. Our results also suggest that the same values can be assumed for the intensive properties of free-tropospheric biomass-burning aerosol regardless of whether clouds exist below.
Impact of NOx on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from α-pinene and β-pinene photo-oxidation: the role of highly oxygenated organic nitrates
Authors: Pullinen Iida , Schmitt Sebastian , Kang Sungah , Sarrafzadeh Mehrnaz , Schlag Patrick , Andres Stefanie , Kleist Einhard , Mentel Thomas F. , Rohrer Franz , Springer Monika , Tillmann Ralf , Wildt Jürgen , Wu Cheng , Zhao Defeng , Wahner Andreas , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The formation of organic nitrates (ON) in the gas phase and their impact on mass formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) was investigated in a laboratory study for α-pinene and β-pinene photo-oxidation. Focus was the elucidation of those mechanisms that cause the often observed suppression of SOA mass formation by NOx, and therein the role of highly oxygenated multifunctional molecules (HOM). We observed that with increasing NOx (a) the portion of HOM organic nitrates (HOM-ON) increased, (b) the fraction of accretion products (HOM-ACC) decreased and (c) HOM-ACC contained on average smaller carbon numbers. Specifically, we investigated HOM organic nitrates (HOM-ON), arising from the termination reactions of HOM peroxy radicals with NOx, and HOM permutation products (HOM-PP), such as ketones, alcohols or hydroperoxides, formed by other termination reactions. Effective uptake coefficients γeff of HOM on particles were determined. HOM with more than 6 O-atoms efficiently condensed on particles (γeff > 0.5 in average) and for HOM containing more than 8 O-atoms, every collision led to loss. There was no systematic difference in γeff for HOM-ON and HOM-PP arising from the same HOM peroxy radicals. This similarity is attributed to the multifunctional character of the HOM: as functional groups in HOM arising from the same precursor HOM peroxy radical are identical, vapor pressures should not strongly depend on the character the final termination group. As a consequence, the suppressing effect of NOx on SOA formation cannot be simply explained by replacement of terminal functional groups by organic nitrate groups. The fraction of organic bound nitrate (OrgNO3) stored in gas-phase HOM-ON appeared to be substantially higher than the fraction of particulate OrgNO3 observed by aerosol mass spectrometry. This result suggests losses of OrgNO3 for organic nitrates in particles, probably due to hydrolysis of OrgNO3 that releases HNO3 into the gas phase but leaves behind the organic rest in the particulate phase. However, the loss of HNO3 alone, could not explain the observed suppressing effect of NOx on particle mass formation from α-pinene and β-pinene. We therefore attributed most of the reduction in SOA mass yields with increasing NOx to the significant suppression of gas-phase HOM-ACC which have high molecular mass and are potentially important for SOA mass formation at low NOx conditions.
Comparison of TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 Precursor NO2 observations with ground-based measurements in Helsinki
Authors: Ialongo Iolanda , Virta Henrik , Eskes Henk , Hovila Jari , Douros John
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We present a
comparison between satellite-based TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring
Instrument) NO2 products and ground-based observations in Helsinki
(Finland). TROPOMI NO2 total (summed) columns are compared with the
measurements performed by the Pandora spectrometer between April and
September 2018. The mean relative and absolute bias between the TROPOMI and
Pandora NO2 total columns is about 10 % and
0.12×1015 molec. cm−2 respectively. The dispersion of these
differences (estimated as their standard deviation) is
2.2×1015 molec. cm−2. We find high correlation
(r = 0.68) between satellite- and ground-based data, but also that
TROPOMI total columns underestimate ground-based observations for relatively
large Pandora NO2 total columns, corresponding to episodes of
relatively elevated pollution. This is expected because of the relatively
large size of the TROPOMI ground pixel (3.5×7 km) and the a priori
used in the retrieval compared to the relatively small field-of-view of the
Pandora instrument. On the other hand, TROPOMI slightly overestimates (within
the retrieval uncertainties) relatively small NO2 total columns.
Replacing the coarse a priori NO2 profiles with high-resolution
profiles from the CAMS chemical transport model improves the agreement
between TROPOMI and Pandora total columns for episodes of NO2
enhancement. When only the low values of NO2 total columns or the
whole dataset are taken into account, the mean bias slightly increases. The
change in bias remains mostly within the uncertainties. We also analyse the consistency between satellite-based data and in situ NO2 surface concentrations measured at the Helsinki–Kumpula air quality station (located a few metres from the Pandora spectrometer). We find similar day-to-day variability between TROPOMI, Pandora and in situ measurements, with NO2 enhancements observed during the same days. Both satellite- and ground-based data show a similar weekly cycle, with lower NO2 levels during the weekend compared to the weekdays as a result of reduced emissions from traffic and industrial activities (as expected in urban sites). The TROPOMI NO2 maps reveal also spatial features, such as the main traffic ways and the airport area, as well as the effect of the prevailing south-west wind patterns. This is one of the first works in which TROPOMI NO2 retrievals are validated against ground-based observations and the results provide an early evaluation of their applicability for monitoring pollution levels in urban sites. Overall, TROPOMI retrievals are valuable to complement the ground-based air quality data (available with high temporal resolution) for describing the spatio-temporal variability of NO2, even in a relatively small city like Helsinki.
Towards space-borne monitoring of localized CO2 emissions: an instrument concept and first performance assessment
Authors: Strandgren Johan , Krutz David , Wilzewski Jonas , Paproth Carsten , Sebastian Ilse , Gurney Kevin R. , Liang Jianming , Roiger Anke , Butz André
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) requires the nations of the world to report their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Independent verification of these reported emissions is a corner stone for advancing towards emission accounting and reduction measures agreed upon in the Paris agreement. In this paper, we present the concept and first performance assessment of a compact space-borne imaging spectrometer that could support the task of "monitoring, verification, reporting" (MVR) of CO2 emissions worldwide. With a single spectral window in the short-wave infrared spectral region and a spatial resolution of 50 x 50 m2, the goal is to reliably estimate the CO2 emissions from localized sources down to a source strength of approx. 1 MtCO2 yr-1, hence complementing other planned CO2 monitoring missions, like the planned European Carbon Constellation (CO2M). Resolving CO2 plumes also from medium-sized power plants (1–10 MtCO2 yr-1) is of key importance for independent quantification of CO2 emissions from the coal-fired power plant sector. Through radiative transfer simulations, including a realistic instrument noise model and a global trial ensemble covering various geophysical scenarios, it is shown that an instrument noise error of 1.1 ppm (1σ) can be achieved for the retrieval of the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2). Despite limited amount of information from a single spectral window and a relatively coarse spectral resolution, scattering by atmospheric aerosol and cirrus can be partly accounted for in the XCO2 retrieval, with deviations of at most 4.0 ppm from the true abundance for 68 % of the scenes in the global trial ensemble. We further simulate the ability of the proposed instrument concept to observe CO2 plumes from single power plants in an urban area using high-resolution CO2 emission and surface albedo data for the city of Indianapolis. Given the preliminary instrument design and the corresponding instrument noise error, emission plumes from point sources with an emission rate down to the order of 0.3 MtCO2 yr-1 can be resolved, i.e. well below the target source strength of 1 MtCO2 yr-1. Hence, the proposed instrument concept could be able to resolve and quantify the CO2 plumes from localized point sources responsible for approx. 90 % of the power plant CO2 emission budget, assuming global coverage through a fleet of sensors and favorable conditions with respect to illumination and particle scattering.
Reconstructing seasonality through stable-isotope and trace-element analyses of the Proserpine stalagmite, Han-sur-Lesse cave, Belgium: indications for climate-driven changes during the last 400 years
Authors: Vansteenberge Stef , de Winter Niels J. , Sinnesael Matthias , Verheyden Sophie , Goderis Steven , Van Malderen Stijn J. M. , Vanhaecke Frank , Claeys Philippe
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Fast-growing speleothems allow for the reconstruction of palaeoclimate down to a
seasonal scale. Additionally, annual lamination in some of these speleothems
yields highly accurate age models for these palaeoclimate records, making
these speleothems valuable archives for terrestrial climate. In this study,
an annually laminated stalagmite from the Han-sur-Lesse cave (Belgium) is
used to study the expression of the seasonal cycle in northwestern Europe
during the Little Ice Age. More specifically, two historical 12-year-long
growth periods (ca. 1593–1605 CE and 1635–1646 CE) and one modern growth
period (1960–2010 CE) are analysed on a sub-annual scale for their stable-isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O) and trace-element
(Mg, Sr, Ba, Zn, Y, Pb, U) contents. Seasonal variability in these proxies is
confirmed with frequency analysis. Zn, Y and Pb show distinct annual peaks
in all three investigated periods related to annual flushing of the soil
during winter. A strong seasonal in-phase relationship between Mg, Sr and Ba
in the modern growth period reflects a substantial influence of enhanced
prior calcite precipitation (PCP). In particular, PCP occurs during summers
when recharge of the epikarst is low. This is also evidenced by earlier
observations of increased δ13C values during summer. In the
17th century intervals, there is a distinct antiphase relationship
between Mg, Sr and Ba, suggesting that processes other than PCP, i.e. varying degrees of incongruent dissolution of dolomite, eventually related
to changes in soil activity and/or land-use change are more dominant. The
processes controlling seasonal variations in Mg, Sr and Ba in the speleothem
appear to change between the 17th century and 1960–2010 CE. The Zn, Y,
Pb, and U concentration profiles; stable-isotope ratios; and morphology of the
speleothem laminae all point towards increased seasonal amplitude in cave
hydrology. Higher seasonal peaks in soil-derived elements (e.g. Zn and Y)
and lower concentrations of host-rock-derived elements (e.g. Mg, Sr, Ba)
point towards lower residence times in the epikarst and higher flushing
rates during the 17th century. These observations reflect an increase
in water excess above the cave and recharge of the epikarst, due to a
combination of lower summer temperatures and increased winter precipitation
during the 17th century. This study indicates that the transfer
function controlling Mg, Sr and Ba seasonal variability varies over time.
Which process is dominant – either PCP, soil activity or dolomite
dissolution – is clearly climate driven and can itself be used as a
palaeoenvironment proxy.
Early Eocene vigorous ocean overturning and its contribution to a warm Southern Ocean
Authors: Zhang Yurui , Huck Thierry , Lique Camille , Donnadieu Yannick , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Rabineau Marina , Aslanian Daniel
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The early Eocene (~ 55 Ma) is the warmest period, and most likely characterized by the highest atmospheric CO2 concentrations, of the Cenozoic era. Here, we analyze simulations of the early Eocene performed with the IPSL-CM5A2 coupled climate model set up with paleogeographic reconstructions of this period from the DeepMIP project, with different levels of atmospheric CO2, and compare them with simulations of the modern conditions. This allows us to explore the changes of the ocean circulation and the resulting ocean meridional heat transport. At a CO2 level of 840 ppm, the Early Eocene simulation is characterized by a strong abyssal overturning circulation in the Southern Hemisphere (40 Sv at 60º S), fed by deep water formation in the three sectors of the Southern Ocean. Deep convection in the Southern Ocean is favored by the closed Drake and Tasmanian passages, which provide western boundaries for the build-up of strong subpolar gyres in the Weddell and Ross seas, in the middle of which convection develops. The strong overturning circulation, associated with the subpolar gyres, sustains the poleward advection of saline subtropical water to the convective region in the Southern Ocean, maintaining deep-water formation. This salt-advection feedback mechanism works similarly in the present-day North Atlantic overturning circulation. The strong abyssal overturning circulation in the 55 Ma simulations primarily results in an enhanced poleward ocean heat transport by 0.3–0.7 PW in the Southern Hemisphere compared to modern conditions, reaching 1.7 PW southward at 20° S, and contributing to maintain the Southern Ocean and Antarctica warm in the Eocene. Simulations with different atmospheric CO2 levels show that the ocean circulation and heat transport are relatively insensitive to CO2-doubling.
Aluminosugilite, KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30, an Al analogue of sugilite, from the Cerchiara mine, Liguria, Italy
Authors: Nagashima Mariko , Fukuda Chihiro , Matsumoto Takashi , Imaoka Teruyoshi , Odicino Gianluca , Armellino Gianluca
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Aluminosugilite (IMA2018-142), ideal formula
KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30, is a new mineral that was found
in the interstices in manganiferous metacherts from the Cerchiara mine,
Liguria, Italy. Aluminosugilite is an Al analogue of sugilite belonging to
the milarite group. It occurs as aggregates of small prismatic and/or
granular crystals up to 1 mm in length, and it is pinkish-purple with a pale purple
to white streak and a vitreous lustre. It has a Mohs hardness of 6–6.5. Its
cleavage is indistinct, poor on (0001).
Measured and calculated densities are Dmeas.=2.71–2.72 g cm−3
and Dcalc.=2.73 g cm−3, respectively. Aluminosugilite is
optically uniaxial (–), with ω=1.577–1.586 and ε=1.575–1.585, with a weak pleochroism. The magnetic susceptibility is
lower than that for sugilite. Aluminosugilite is insoluble in HCl, HNO3
and H2SO4, like sugilite. The empirical formula of aluminosugilite
calculated on the basis of O =30 from the result obtained by
electron microprobe analysis and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is
K0.99Na1.99(Al1.38Mn0.313+Fe0.243+Ti0.05Mg0.01)Σ1.99Li3.06Si11.99O30. Structure refinement converged to
R1=2.17 %. Its space group is hexagonal P6∕mcc, with unit-cell
parameters a=9.9830(4) Å, c=13.9667(5) Å and V=1205.45(7) Å3. Based on the refined site occupancies, the ideal structural
formula of aluminosugilite is
CKBNa2AAl2T2Li3T1Si12O30.
The variation of the A–O3 distance is governed by the cationic substitution
at the A site. The a and c dimensions of aluminosugilite are shorter than
those of sugilite due to Al substitution for Fe3+ at the A site.
Raman spectroscopic identification of cookeite in the crystal-rich inclusions in spodumene from the Jiajika lithium pegmatite deposit, China, and its geological implications
Authors: Ding Xin , Li Jiankang , Chou I-Ming , Chen Zhenyu , Li Shenghu
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Cookeite usually occurs as a late alteration product in
lithium–cesium–tantalum-type granitic pegmatite. Consequently,
cookeite-bearing crystal-rich inclusions (CIs) in pegmatite are considered
to be of secondary origin, which constrains our understanding of pegmatite
formation. Thus far, no reported cookeite has produced a distinct Raman
spectrum. However, the CIs hosted in spodumene in the Jiajika pegmatite
deposit, China, contain a cookeite-like hydrous lithium–aluminum–silicate phase, yielding a distinct Raman spectrum. In electron microprobe analysis,
focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary
ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), the average composition of this hydrous
phase was determined as Li1.005(Al3.997Fe0.018)(Si3.086Al0.914)O10.076OH7.902F0.098,
close to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) formula of cookeite, (Al, Li)3Al2(Si,
Al)4O10(OH)8. The distinct Raman peaks at 98, 167, 219, 266,
342, 382, 457, 592, 710, and 3640 cm−1 were consistent with those of
natural cookeite recrystallized in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell. The
peaks were ascribed to the crystallization of cookeite from the liquid
trapped in the closed space during the spodumene crystallization, which
occurred at relatively high temperature and pressure without incorporating
the minor elements commonly present during alteration processes. These minor
elements often obscure the Raman signals, primarily by fluorescence effects.
This type of cookeite in CIs with distinct Raman signals is unusual and can
indicate whether the cookeite crystallized from fluid trapped within the
closed space of a primary inclusion. In such a case, the fluid can be
considered a flux-rich hydrous melt in pegmatite formation models.
Historical porosity data in polar firn
Authors: Fourteau Kévin , Arnaud Laurent , Faïn Xavier , Martinerie Patricia , Etheridge David M. , Lipenkov Vladimir , Barnola Jean-Marc
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In the 1990's, closed and open porosity volumes of firn samples have been measured by J.-M. Barnola using the technique of gas pycnometry, on firn from three different polar sites. They are the basis of a parameterization of closed porosity in polar firn, first introduced in Goujon et al. (2003) and used in several firn physics models (e.g. Buizert et al., 2012). However, these data and their processing have not been published in their own right yet. In this short article, we detail how they were processed by J.-M. Barnola, and how the closed porosity parameterization was obtained. We show that the original data processing only partially accounts for the presence of re-opened bubbles in the samples. Since the proper correction to apply for this effect is hard to estimate, we also processed the data without including a correction for re-opened bubbles. Finally, we intend to make these pycnometry data available, in order to be used by the glaciology community, notably for the study of polar ice formation and of the composition of gas records in ice cores. They are hosted on the PANGAEA database: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.907678 (Fourteau et al., 2019a).
A model of Black Sea circulation with strait exchange (2008–2018)
Authors: Gunduz Murat , Özsoy Emin , Hordoir Robinson
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Bosphorus exchange is of critical importance for hydrodynamics and hydroclimatology of the Black Sea. In this study, we report on the development of a medium-resolution circulation model of the Black Sea, making use of surface atmospheric forcing with high space and time resolution, climatic river fluxes and strait exchange, enabled by adding elementary details of strait and coastal topography and seasonal hydrology specified in an artificial box on the Marmara Sea side. Particular attention is given to circulation, mixing and convective water mass formation processes in the model, which are then compared with observations. Open boundary conditions relaxed to seasonal hydrology specified in the artificial box are found to enable Bosphorus exchange with a proper upper layer, lower layer and net fluxes comparable to the observed ranges. These improvements at the artificial boundary and in the interior evolution of the Black Sea allow the study to capture daily, seasonal to decadal climatic variability and change observed in the Black Sea in the last few decades.
Modelling the mineralogical composition and solubility of mineral dust in the Mediterranean area with CHIMERE 2017r4
Authors: Menut Laurent , Siour Guillaume , Bessagnet Bertrand , Couvidat Florian , Journet Emilie , Balkanski Yves , Desboeufs Karine
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Modelling of mineral dust is often done using one single mean species. But for biogeochemical studies, it could be useful to access to a more detailed information on differenciated mineral species and the associated chemical composition. The fact to differentiate mineral species would also induce different optical properties and densities, then different radiative impact, transport and deposition. In this study, the mineralogical differenciation in implemented in the CHIMERE regional chemistry-transport model, by using global databases. The results show that this implementation does not change a lot the results in term of Aerosol Optical Depth, surface concentrations and deposition fluxes. But the information on mineralogy, with a high spatial (a few kilometers) and temporal (one hour) resolution, is now available and is ready to be used for future biogeochemical studies.
Deep soil water 18O and 2H measurements preserve long term evaporation rates on China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Xiang Wei , Si Bingcheng , Li Min , Li Han
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Knowledge about the long-term average soil evaporation, especially the ratio of evaporation to precipitation (f), is important for assessing the total available water resources. However, determining the long-term f remains technically challenging because soil evaporation is highly dynamic. Here we hypothesize that the stable isotopes (2H and 18O) of deep soil water preserve the long-term evaporation effects on precipitation and can be used to estimate long-term f. Our results showed that the deep soil water (2–10 m) had a mean line-conditioned excess (lc-excess) less than zero (−13.1 ‰ to −3.8 ‰) at the 15 sites across China's Loess Plateau, suggesting that evaporation effects are preserved in the isotopic compositions of the deep soil water. We then estimated f by the new lc-excess method that combines lc-excess and the Rayleigh fractionation theory, because it does not require the initial source isotopic values of soil water, which has a distinct advantage over traditional isotope-based methods (e.g. Craig-Gordon model) that require such information a priori. The estimated f of the 15 sites varied from 11 % to 30 %, and over 60 % of the variability of f was explained by the well-known Budyko dryness index. These data are also comparable with available annual estimates under similar climate regions of the world. Furthermore, these data represent a long-term average value because soil water tritium profile shows that deep soil water has a long residence time on the order of years to decades. Our work suggests that isotopic compositions of deep soil water can be used to calculate long-term average f where water flow within the unsaturated zone is piston-like flow predominantly, and the new lc-excess method provides an effective tool to estimate f.
Crustal structures beneath the Eastern and Southern Alps from
ambient noise tomography
Authors: Qorbani Ehsan , Zigone Dimitri , Handy Mark R. , Bokelmann Götz ,   the AlpArray-EASI working group
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We study the crustal structure under the Eastern and Southern Alps using ambient noise tomography. We use cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise between pairs of 71 permanent stations and 19 stations of the EASI profile to derive new high-resolution 3-D shear-velocity models for the crust. Continuous records from 2014 and 2015 are cross-correlated to estimate Green's functions of Rayleigh and Love waves propagating between the station pairs. Group velocities extracted from the cross-correlations are inverted to obtain isotropic 3-D Rayleigh and Love-wave shear-wave velocity models. Our high resolution models image several velocity anomalies and contrasts and reveal details of the crustal structure. Velocity variations at short periods correlate very closely with the lithologies of tectonic units at the surface and projected to depth. Low-velocity zones, associated with the Po and Molasse sedimentary basins, are imaged well to the south and north of the Alps, respectively. We find large high-velocity zones associated with the crystalline basement that forms the core of the Tauern Window. Small-scale velocity anomalies are also aligned with geological units such as the Ötztal and the Gurktal nappes of the Austroalpine nappes. Clear velocity contrasts in the Tauern Window along vertical cross-sections of the velocity model show the depth extent of the tectonic units and their bounding faults. A mid-crustal velocity contrast is interpreted as a manifestation of intracrustal decoupling in the Eastern Alps and decoupling between the Southern and Eastern Alps.
The role of pre-existing jointing on damage zone evolution and faulting style of thin competent layers in mechanically stratified sequences: a case study from the Limestone Coal Formation at Spireslack Surface Coal Mine
Authors: Andrews Billy J. , Shipton Zoe K. , Lord Richard , McKay Lucy
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Fault and fracture networks play an important role in sub-surface fluid flow and can act to enhance, retard or compartmentalise groundwater flow. In multi-layered sequences, the internal structure and growth of faults is not only controlled by fault throw, but also the mechanical properties of lithologies cut by the fault. This paper uses geological fieldwork, combined with fault and fracture mapping, to investigate the internal structure and fault development of the mechanically stratified Limestone Coal Formation and surrounding lithologies exposed at Spireslack Surface Coal Mine. We find that the development of fault rock, and complexity of a fault zone is dependent on: a) whether a fault is self-juxtaposed or cuts multiple lithologies; b) the presence and behaviour of shale, which can lead to significant bed-rotation and the formation of fault-core lenses; and c) whether pre-existing weakness (e.g. joints) are present at the time of faulting. Pre-existing joint networks in the McDonald Limestone, and cleats in the McDonald Coal, influenced both fault growth and fluid flow within these lithologies.
Atmospheric Blocking: The Impact of Topography in an Idealized General Circulation Model
Authors: Narinesingh Veeshan , Booth James F. , Clark Spencer K. , Ming Yi
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric blocking can have important impacts on weather hazards, but the fundamental dynamics of blocking are not yet fully understood. As such, this work investigates the influence of topography on atmospheric blocking in terms of dynamics, spatial frequency, duration and displacement. Using an idealized GCM, an aquaplanet integration, and integrations with topography are analyzed. Block-centered composites show midlatitude aquaplanet blocks exhibit similar wave activity flux behavior to those observed in reality, whereas high-latitude blocks do not. The addition of topography significantly increases blocking and determines distinct regions where blocks are most likely to occur. These regions are found near high-pressure anomalies in the stationary waves and near storm track exit regions. Focusing on block duration, blocks originating near topography are found to last longer than those that are formed without or far from topography but have qualitatively similar evolutions in terms of nearby geopotential height anomalies and wave activity fluxes in composites. Integrations with two mountains have greater amounts of blocking compared to the single mountain case, however, the longitudinal spacing between the mountains is important for how much blocking occurs. Comparison between integrations with longitudinally long and short ocean basins show that more blocking occurs when storm track exits spatially overlap with high-pressure maxima in stationary waves. These results have real-world implications, as they help explain the differences in blocking between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, and the differences between the Pacific and Atlantic regions in the Northern Hemisphere.
Disability in the Modern World: History of a Social Movement
Authors: Willey Malia
Published: January 2020

Disability in the Modern World: History of a Social Movement is a welcome addition to the field of disability studies. This collection brings together key primary and secondary materials for students and researchers on the history of disability. Disability in the Modern World is an
important resource for libraries to better support diverse scholarship.
Academic Writer
Authors: MacWatters Kelly S.
Published: January 2020

Academic Writer is a digital learning tool designed by the American Psychological Association (APA) to enhance traditional learning and teaching methods. Originally launched in 2016 as APA Style Central and rebranded in 2019, APA’s Academic Writer supports curricula requiring
the APA style of writing and citation.
Permanências e mudanças na expansão dos serviços postais em Santa Catarina (1900-1930)
Authors: Mazon Gabriel Crozetta , Goularti Filho Alcides
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a expansão dos serviços postais em Santa Catarina entre 1900 e 1930 abordando suas mudanças e permanências. As categorias de análises são: camadas geoeconômicas, adensamento do estado no território e sistema regional de economia. Além das considerações finais, o artigo está divido em três tópicos: a) combinação e sobreposição dos serviços postais, que traz uma breve contextualização da trajetória dos correios no Brasil e apresenta as categorias de análise; b) transportes e comunicações na definição do território, onde apresenta um histórico das vias de comunicações e dos meios de transportes em Santa Catarina na formação dos limites territoriais; e por fim c) a expansão dos serviços postais em Santa Catarina, que está dividido em quatro itens: agência e linhas postais, movimento postal, movimento financeiro e trabalhadores.
Prophecies of Language
Authors: Mendicino Kristina
Published: January 2020

The scenes of Babel and Pentecost, the original confusion of tongues and their redemption through translation, haunt German Romanticism and Idealism. This book retraces the ways in which the task of translation, so crucial to the literature and philosophy of Romanticism, is repeatedly tied to prophecy, not in the sense of telling future events, but in the sense of speaking in the place of another—most often unbeknownst to the speaker herself. In prophecy, in other words, the confusion of tongues repeats, each time anew, and prophecy means, first of all, speaking in more than one voice—and more than one tongue—at once, unpredictably. This book argues that the relation between translation and prophecy drawn by German Romantic writers fundamentally changes the way we must approach this so-called “Age of Translation.” Instead of taking as its point of departure the opposition of the familiar and the foreign, this book suggests that Romantic writing provokes the questions: how could one read a language that is not one? And what would such a polyvocal, polyglot language, have to say about philology—both for the Romantics, whose translation projects are most intimately related to their philological preoccupations, and for us? Through careful readings of major texts by G.W.F. Hegel, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Friedrich Schlegel, and Friedrich Hölderlin, this book proposes a version of philology that does not take language as a given but rather attends to language as it pushes against the limits of what can be said.
Effect of slaughter age and finishing diet on sensory evaluation and consumers’ preference of foal meat
Authors: Ruiz Marta , Insausti Kizkitza , Beriain Maria J. , Crecente Santiago , Lorenzo José M. , Sarriés María V.
Published: January 2020

Aim of study: This study focused on the sensory evaluation and consumer preferences of foal meat depending on the animal slaughter age (13 and 26 months) and finishing diet (standard and linseed concentrate).Area of study: It was developed in two localities in the north of Spain: Orense and Pamplona.Material and methods: The sensory study was conducted by a 10-member trained and a 474-consumer panel.Main results: The trained panel described meat from both, 13 and 26-months old foals similar between each other. On the contrary, consumers considered meat from the younger group to be juicier and tenderer, being juiciness and tenderness (p<0.05), the most important clues for their global acceptance. No differences were found in either the trained or the consumer panel due to the finishing diet. The consumers test was carried out in two Spanish cities (Pamplona and Orense. Two scenarios were considered: without and with supplementary information about the foal meat production. The additional information disclosed about foal meat had a positive effect on Pamplona consumers’ assessments.Research highlights: City and information level are essential factors to introduce foal meat in the market. The lack of knowledge about foal meat and its low presence in meat markets make it necessary to develop further sensory studies; to obtain foal meat description patterns, and to get to know consumers’ likings.
Young Ants Already Possess a Mental Number Line
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire , Cammaerts Roger
Published: January 2020

The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti were previously shown to have a compressed left to right oriented mental number line. It remained to know if they detain this trait soon after their emergence, or if they have to acquire it in the course of their life. We worked on workers a few days to at most 5-6 weeks old, maintained in small artificial nests. We trained them either to a small number of dots versus a larger one, or to a large number versus a smaller one, and tested them in front of twice the small or the large number of dots presented on the left as well as on the right of respectively the larger or the smaller number. The young ants went preferentially to the small number located on the left of the larger one, and to the large number located on the right of the smaller one. Such a left or right preference occurred only in the presence of a larger or a smaller number set between the two small or large presented numbers. Young ants thus mentally locate the small amounts on their left and the larger ones on their right. Their representation of amounts on an oriented line could be native.
Proizvodnost traktora Ecotrac 120V pri privlačenju drva u brdskom području središnje Hrvatske
Authors: Zečić Željko , Papa Ivica , Vusić Dinko , Benković Zlatko , Marenče Jurij
Published: January 2020

U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja proizvodnosti rada skidera Ecotrac 120V na privlačenju drva poludeblovnom metodom iz proredne i dovršne sječine. Terensko je istraživanje provedeno studijem rada i vremena. Razlike u obujmu tovara, brzini vožnji, izvlačenju užeta i privitlavanju te razlike u utrošku vremena pojedinih radnih zahvata na sječini i rada na pomoćnom stovarištu istražene su t-testom. Za radne zahvate za koje je utvrđena značajna razlika između promatranih sječina u daljnjim su izračunima primijenjene individulne prosječne vrijednosti za pojedinu sječinu, dok su kod ostalih radnih zahvata izračunate nove, zajedničke prosječne vrijednosti. Utrošci vremena vožnji izračunati su na temelju prosječne brzine i udaljenosti privlačenja. Utvrđena je značajna razlika između obujma tovara iz proredne i dovršne sječine. Razlike su u utrošku vremena najočitije u skupini radnih zahvata na sječini, a nastaju kao posljedica različite udaljenosti izvlačenja užeta i privitlavanja tovara. Projektirani dnevni učinak u dovršnom je sijeku prosječno 21 % veći nego u prorednoj sječi uz prosječno 26 % niže jedinične troškove. Detaljnom analizom utrošaka vremena pojedinih radnih zahvata utvrđeno je da na razliku u proizvodnosti i troškovima bitan utjecaj imaju sječna gustoća sastojine i prosječan obujam posječenoga stabla. Različita sječna gustoća utječe na različit utrošak vremena rada na sječini i posljedično na ostvarivi dnevni učinak. Na proizvodnost rada skidera uz sječnu gustoću još veći utjecaj ima prosječni obujam posječenoga stabla jer omogućuje formiranje tovara zadovoljavajućega obujma na kratkoj udaljenosti privitlavanja vezivanjem manjega broja komada, često uz upotrebu samo jednoga bubnja vitla. Stoga se može zaključiti da mogućnost postizanja najvećih učinaka u zadanim sastojinskim i eksploatacijskim uvjetima leži u optimalnom odnosu između veličine tovara i vremena utrošenoga pri radu na sječini koje je nužno za njegovo formiranje.
Analiza radnih obilježja šumskih kamionskih skupova za prijevoz drva
Authors: Šušnjar Marijan , Bačić Marin , Horvat Tomislav , Pandur Zdravko
Published: January 2020

U radu je provedeno istraživanje petnaest različitih šumskih kamionskih skupova za prijevoz drva u vlasništvu poduzeća Hrvatske šume d.o.o. Zagreb, Uprava šuma podružnica Bjelovar. Osnovni podaci koji su korišteni za analizu šumskih kamionskih skupova za prijevoz drva su: prijeđeni kilometri (pun, prazan), ukupna potrošnja goriva, broj dana rada (u radu, u kvaru, ispravni izvan rada), prevezeno drvo, broj tura, starost i tip vozila. Analizom podataka iskazana je potrošnja goriva prema više kriterija, stupanj iskorištenosti i tehničke ispravnosti kamionskih skupova te odnos vožnje s obzirom na relaciju pun – prazan. Na osnovi rezultata istraživanja donosi se preporuka za organizacijska rješenja kamionskoga prijevoza drva i smjernice za unapređenje i modernizaciju tehničkih rješenja na šumskim kamionskim skupovima.
Analiza sigurnosti pri radu u šumarstvu Federacije BiH
Authors: Musić Jusuf , Halilović Velid , Lojo Ahmet , Šporčić Mario , Đonlagić Ajdin
Published: January 2020

Ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti radnika pouzdan su indikator procjene stanja sigurnosti pri radu. Osnovni je cilj ovoga rada odgovarajuća analiza stanja sigurnosti pri radu u Javnom poduzeću Šumsko-privredno društvo Zeničko-dobojskoga kantona d.o.o. Zavidovići. Predmet su analize bile ozljede na radu, profesionalne i druge bolesti šumarskih radnika u razdoblju od 2006. do 2015. godine. Ozljede su analizirane prema deset pokazatelja. U analiziranom razdoblju zabilježene su 594 ozljede na radu, od čega tri smrtna slučaja. Najviše ozljeda dogodilo se neposrednim izvršiteljima radnih operacija pridobivanja drva (66,3 %), a najrizičnija je profesija sjekač (57,7 %). Predmet rada (drvo i grane) bili su najčešći materijalni uzrok ozljeda (49,3 %), a najčešće su ozlijeđeni ekstremiteti radnika – noge i ruke (70 %). Najveći broj ozljeda zabilježen je početkom radnoga tjedna i dana. Na osnovi broja ozljeda po obujmu izrađenoga drva (314/mil. m3) te indeksa od 60 ozljeda na 1000 zaposlenika stanje sigurnosti pri radu može se ocijeniti kao iznimno nezadovoljavajuće.
Sobre a Televisão – reflexões históricas
Authors: Bauer Carlos
Published: January 2020

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MOVIMENTO PUNK: SOCIABILIDADE, CONFLITO E VIVÊNCIA
Authors: Sousa Rafael Lopes de
Published: January 2020

Aexpresso mais utilizada hoje pelos meios de comunicao, para explicar a interveno da juventude na sociedade, sobretudo a interveno violenta, gangue. Na ausncia de entendimento que explique o comportamento, por vezes excntrico e extravagante, por vezes anormal e violento, este termo emergiu como um amuleto, uma panacia que responde e explica toda a perplexidade e espanto que determinadas aes juvenis causam sociedade. As perguntas que se fazem ento so: O que gangue e qual a sua fora de representao no meio juvenil hoje? Como compreender as transformaes e reconfiguraes do universo juvenil diante de uma realidade nova, em que a sociabilidade permanentemente reinventada e revivida nos grandes centros urbanos do pas?
ÍNDICES DA CRIAÇÃO: EM BUSCA DE UM CONCEITO
Authors: Morais Ricardo Fortunato de
Published: January 2020

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SHREK E A NOVA REPRESENTAÇÃO DOS CONTOS DE FADAS
Authors: Amereno Daniela Sacuchi , Chacon Juliana
Published: January 2020

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A COMUNICAÇÃO NO DISCURSO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS - DA LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO AO DIREITO HUMANO À COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Gomes Raimunda Aline Lucena
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo, analisa-se como a comunicação se inscreve no discurso dos Direitos Humanos. Para tanto, faz-se um estudo sobre os textos normativos internacionais, com foco na abordagem da comunicação. Serão trabalhados trechos da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (1948) e do documento final da Conferência de Viena (1993), concernentes ao plano internacional de âmbito global, bem como da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos – Pacto de San José da Costa Rica (1969), no plano internacional de âmbito regional interamericano. O aporte teórico para a análise será o de Mikhail Bakhtin, sobre linguagem, comunicação dialógica e discurso. Como resultado, pretende-se chegar a uma compreensão do conceito de comunicação para os Direitos Humanos.
O LOBBYING INSTITUCIONAL NO BRASIL: CANAL DE COMUNICAÇÃO ENTRE ESTADO E SOCIEDADE CIVIL?
Authors: Oliveira Andréa Cristina de Jesus
Published: January 2020

neste texto, procura-se discutir a estruturação, a organização e a forma de atuação do lobbying institucional
no Brasil, em nível federal. Oo lobbying institucional é empreendido pelos departamentos
de assuntos corporativos e/ou institucionais de empresas privadas. Ppor isso, avaliou-se o contexto institucional da instalação dos primeiros desses departamentos
no Brasil, assim como suas atribuições principais e sua importância para as empresas das quais fazem parte. Nnesses departamentos, é criado um importante canal de comunicação entre o Estado,
como tomador de decisão, e as empresas privadas,
que necessitam esclarecer sua relevância para o setor produtivo em que atuam, com a finalidade de se tornarem interlocutoras do Estado, como partícipes
do processo estatal de tomada de decisões.
ENTRE O LIVRO E O LEITOR: O EDITOR E A FORMA DAS IDÉIAS
Authors: Claro Adriana Thomazotti
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo, procura-se analisar, sociologicamente,
o papel do editor no processo de produção do livro. Ppara tanto, será examinada a materialização, por meio do objeto de leitura, da concepção do editor
a respeito de si, de seu papel e de seu público. Ddessa forma, buscar‑-se‑-á apreender as condições, estipuladas por uma dada inserção no campo da produção literária, para que os editores concretizem a representação de seu papel em relação à “grife” da editora. Estudar-se-á, também, a maneira com que essa grife é capaz de traduzir-se na conformação de hábitos de leitura.