bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomía de los órganos vegetativos de dos especies de Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) que crecen en Venezuela
Authors: Jáuregui Damelis , Castro Mercedes , Ruíz-Zapata Thirza , Lapp Marlene
Published: February 2015

In Venezuela, Atriplex is represented by A. cristata and A. oestophora, the latter being endemic; they inhabit coastal areas with high temperatures, high solar radiation and sandy soils with high salt content. This work aimed to provide information to facilitate and clarify these species taxonomic delimitation, throughout the study of the anatomy of their vegetative organs; this may also clarify our understanding of their adaptability to soil and climatic conditions prevailing in areas they inhabit. The plant material was collected from at least three individuals of each species in Punta Taima Taima and Capatárida, Falcon. Segments of roots, located near the neck and towards the apex, apical, middle and basal internodes of stems, were taken; and of leaves, located in the middle portion of plants. This material was fixed in FAA (formaldehyde, acetic acid, 70% ethanol) until processing. Semipermanent and permanent microscope slides were prepared with transverse or longitudinal sections, made using a razor (free-hand) or a rotation microtome, in this latter case, after paraffin embedding; besides, additional plates were mounted with portions of leaf epidermis, obtained by the maceration technique. The sections were stained with aqueous toluidine blue (1%) or safranin-fast-green, and mounted in water-glycerin or in Canada balsam. In order to calculate the vulnerability index, the vessel diameter in the vascular rings of roots, as well as their density, were quantified. Our results revealed structural features in the different organs, that resulted of taxonomic value and allowed the distinction of the species: in the leaf, the presence of aquifer tissue, the number of vascular bundles and their organization in the midrib, and the collenchyma differentiation in this part of the leaf; in the roots, the xylem and phloem arrangement in the growth rings, the nature of conjunctive tissue, and the presence of included phloem in one species. In addition, the species showed typical anatomical features of halophytes and xerophytes, such as: high density of trichomes on leaves and young stems which act as salt secreting glands, abundant sclerenchyma in stems and roots, water storage tissue and Kranz anatomy in leaves, narrow cortical region in young roots, presence of cambial variants in stems and roots, as well as short and narrow xylem vessels. Vulnerability index calculations indicated that both species tend to assure conduction but not the efficiency of the system. Atriplex species have anatomical characters which facilitate their adaptation to the special conditions prevailing in their habitats and that may be used for taxonomic delimitation.
Causes and consequences of change rates in the habitat of the threatened tropical porcupine, Sphiggurus mexicanus (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) in Oaxaca, Mexico: implications for its conservation
Authors: Lorenzo Consuelo , Sántiz Eugenia C. , Navarrete Darío A. , Bolaños Jorge
Published: February 2015

Los cambios de uso del suelo por actividades humanas, han sido de las principales causas de la degradación, reducción y fragmentación de los hábitats y poblaciones de fauna silvestre. En el Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, el hábitat del puercoespín tropical Sphiggurus mexicanus, se encuentra sometido a cambios de cobertura vegetal y uso del suelo, que están causando la reducción y fragmentación de su hábitat. Debido a ello, estimamos las tasas de cambio de la cobertura vegetal y uso del suelo (dn), y evaluamos la disponibilidad del hábitat y de corredores vegetales potenciales para los posibles movimientos del puercoespín tropical y evitar su aislamiento. En el área de estudio el tipo de vegetación con mayor valor de tasa de cambio fue la sabana (dn=-2.9), transformado en pastizal inducido. Adicionalmente, observamos puercoespínes (desde 2011) en selva mediana subperennifolia (dn=-0.87) y selva baja caducifolia (dn=-0.89), los cuales han sido transformados en áreas de cultivo, selva baja espinosa y pastizal inducido. Caracterizamos la vegetación del hábitat del puercoespín, registrando un total de 64 especies vegetales (44 árboles, nueve bejucos, siete hierbas y cuatro arbustos), de los cuales, el bejuco Bunchosia lanceolata, presentó los valores más altos de importancia (41.85), seguidos por los árboles Guazuma ulmifolia (22.71), Dalbergia glabra (18.05), y Enterolobium cyclocarpum (17.02). El análisis de evaluación de hábitat y corredores potenciales mostró que solo 1 501.93ha pueden considerarse como hábitats adecuados con condiciones estructurales (de cobertura, superficie y distancias a áreas transformadas) para mantener poblaciones viables de S. mexicanus; y 293.6ha como corredores. La destrucción del hábitat del puerco espín en el área de estudio está incrementándose por la tala excesiva, por lo tanto, es prioritario emprender acciones para la conservación y manejo del taxón y su hábitat.
Estilo de vida en pacientes adultos con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Cantú-Martínez Pedro César
Published: February 2015

Antecedentes: se examina y describe el estilo de vida de pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, los cuales asistieron al control de diabetes en diferentes Centros de Salud Urbanos del Área Metropolitana de Monterrey, N.L., México, para estudiar los determinantes individuales y establecer la relación entre el estilo de vida evaluado y el percibido.Método: la muestra fue no aleatoria, seleccionada por conveniencia, en el orden de asistencia a consulta. La población fue de 65 pacientes, que contaron con características muy similares, de acuerdo con el diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y que accedieron voluntariamente a participar, en el periodo julio-septiembre del año 2012. Se utilizó el instrumento denominado IMEVID, para explorar el estilo de vida y se relacionó con la percepción de los pacientes y sus dimensiones.Resultado: se colige que un 29,23% consideraba tener un “buen estilo de vida”, porcentaje que correspondió a una clasificación “saludable”, mientras que la mayor concentración se tiene un inadecuado estilo de vida (70,77%), con dos clasificaciones de los participantes; luego, un 56,92% se caracteriza por una conducta “moderadamente saludable” y solamente el 13,85% de estos se catalogó como “poco saludable”. Se detectó una correlación significativa entre el estilo de vida evaluado y las dimensiones consideradas, excepto con el estado emocional. Asimismo, se estableció una relación entre el estilo de vida evaluado y el percibido por los participantes.Conclusión: el paulatino esclarecimiento del concepto denominado “estilo de vida” ha permitido redimensionar la noción del estado de “salud-enfermedad”. Los resultados concuerdan con otras investigaciones desarrolladas en México.
Evaluación de competencias del profesional de enfermería que labora en hospitales públicos y privados
Authors: López González Juan Alberto , Barahona Herrejón Norma Angélica , Estrada Preciado Martiliana , Favela Ocaño María Alejandra , Cuen Tanori Francisco Andres
Published: February 2015

Antecedentes. Un profesional competente de enfermería es aquel que brinda una atención integral respecto del cuidado de enfermería frente a actividades y problemas del contexto, con idoneidad y compromiso ético, el cual integra el saber ser, el saber hacer y el saber conocer. El objetivo fue determinar si existe diferencia en el nivel de competencia del personal de enfermería asistencial según su formación académica.Método. Es un estudio de tipo no experimental, de diseño transversal, cuyo alcance es descriptivo correlacional no causal; la muestra representativa fue de 122 enfermeras (os)  que laboran en hospitales públicos y privados de Hermosillo, Sonora. Resultados. Entre los resultados está que  la edad predominante de la población es de 33-46 años de edad (= 32,66, DE=7,60), la mayoría del sexo femenino 73%, con grado universitario escolarizado 52,5%, con un tiempo de finalizado  menor a los 4 años en un 45,9% y con una antigüedad laboral entre 1 a 5 años. La calificación obtenida en la evaluación  total es de medianamente competente Fx 3, 3.4 % ,  (= 72,49 DE= 3,74), por cada competencia, el resultado fue el siguiente HPAMPE (= 77.49 DE= 4.98), CACCH (= 71,69 DE= 6,38) y CAMS (= 63,01 DE= 9,34); por tanto, se rechazan las hipótesis planteadas. Conclusión. Se concluye que entre el profesional de enfermería evaluado no hay personas competentes, tan solo tres personas recibieron una calificación de medianamente competentes, con un  nivel escolarizado de nivelación presencial;  la mayor competencia se detectó en la HPAMPE , seguida por la  CACCH, mientras que en la competencia  CAMS no se halló competencia al respecto.
Acciones educativas dirigidas al personal médico y de enfermería para disminuir las infecciones del tracto sanguíneo relacionadas a catéteres venosos centrales
Authors: Villegas Sánchez Milena , Arias Jiménez Milena , Hernández de Mezerville Marcela
Published: February 2015

Introducción. La bacteriemia relacionada a Catéter Venoso  Central  es una de las principales complicaciones en los pacientes a quienes se les instala un catéter intravascular. Las acciones educativas han mostrado disminución en la tasa de estas infecciones en diferentes estudios.  El objetivo fue determinar la tasa de Infecciones del tracto sanguíneo relacionadas al catéter venoso central (ITS/CVC), en el Servicio de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal, implementar las acciones preventivas y cuantificar el impacto.Metodología. Es un estudio descriptivo en donde se compara la tasa de ITS/CVC, antes y después de una intervención educativa, en  los pacientes ingresados a SECIN.  La tasa de ITS/CVC  se obtuvo dividiendo el número de éstas entre el número de días-catéter y se multiplicó por 1 000.Resultado. Un resultado relevante es que en el periodo  pre intervención se observa una  tasa  de 32,84 infecciones por 1 000 días (cuarto trimestre del 2012 y primer trimestre del 2013)  y en el periodo post intervención la tasa fue de 8,28 infecciones por 1 000 días. (Tercer trimestre y cuarto trimestre del 2013).Conclusión. Se concluye que las acciones educativas para disminuir la tasa de ITS/CVC fueron efectivas.
Los sistemas de triage: respuesta a la saturación en las salas de urgencias
Authors: Cubero Alpízar Consuelo
Published: February 2015

Antecedentes. Las estrategias para la atención de usuarios en las salas de urgencias a nivel hospitalario se han vuelto imprescindibles para el buen funcionamiento de estos servicios, debido al incremento de en la demanda cada vez mayor de prestación de servicios en. En este contexto, se plantea un proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo se centró en analizar la efectividad de los sistemas de atención de urgencias hospitalarias a nivel mundial.Método. Se revisó toda aquella evidencia publicada durante los últimos 15 años, y que incluya observación del personal que los aplica, los tipos de sistema de triage, así como los tiempos de espera antes de la atención y la calidad de la atención brindada al paciente. La estrategia de búsqueda se utilizó para identificar estudios clínicos en diferentes bases de datos como Pubmed, Cochrane library, EBSCO y google académico.Resultado. Entre los resultados más relevantes se identificó la saturación en las salas de urgencias como un problema real originado del aumento en la demanda de tales servicios a nivel mundial, lo cual redunda en una menor calidad en el servicio que se presta y también en un aumento en la mortalidad por los tiempos de espera. Se identificó que no se compara la atención aleatoria por llegada y los sistemas estructurados, además de que históricamente son las enfermeras las que mejor cumplen dicha tarea.Conclusión. Es urgente revisar los sistemas de clasificación de pacientes en el momento en el que llegan al área de urgencias del sistema hospitalario, con el objetivo de adaptar los sistemas de triage a las necesidades reales del país.
Conocimientos previos acerca de métodos anticonceptivos y su relación con conocimientos adquiridos después de una intervención educativa con simulador
Authors: Posada Morales María Neyfeth , Mora Espinoza Bárbara De las Mercedes
Published: February 2015

Introducción. El objetivo de este trabajo es relacionar conocimientos previos (pre-saberes) acerca de métodos anticonceptivos con los conocimientos adquiridos (saberes), después una intervención educativa con simulador.Método. Es un estudio realizado con 295 adolescentes escolarizados que cursan noveno, décimo y undécimo en una institución educativa pública. Es de tipo descriptivo. El proceso estuvo compuesto por tres fases; en la primera se midió conocimientos o saberes previos acerca de métodos anticonceptivos, mediante un cuestionario auto-informado; en la segunda se definió los contenidos y actividades de intervención para mejorar los conocimientos previos, y en la tercera fase de post-intervención educativa, se reevaluó los saberes adquiridos con el simulador. Resultados. Se detectó que los pre-saberes en métodos anticonceptivos son deficientes independientemente de la edad y la escolaridad, lo cual requiere planeación, desarrollo y evaluación de la estrategia de aprendizaje colectivo y cooperativo mediante talleres. En cuanto a los post-saberes, se obtuvo una calificación de deficientes a regulares, en el caso del condón masculino, mientras que el reconocimiento de métodos modernos como parche, anillo vaginal, dispositivo intrauterino, entre otros, se dio gracias al contacto directo con el simulador.Conclusiones. Se recalca que a pesar de las  diferencias de edad y escolaridad, no hubo hallazgos relevantes que demostraran diferencias de conocimiento. En los pre-saberes, se encontró niveles de conocimiento deficientes sobre métodos anticonceptivos. El uso de simuladores como herramienta de aprendizaje demostró eficacia en los talleres; en cuanto a los simuladores posibilitan la ruptura de la barrera cognitiva, dado que el adolescente, en este caso, puede explorar y adquirir conocimiento al interaccionar con el objeto de aprendizaje.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Immunohistochemistry, and Next-Generation Sequencing for Detection of EML4-ALK Rearrangement in Lung Cancer
Authors: Pekar-Zlotin Marina , Hirsch Fred R. , Soussan-Gutman Lior , Ilouze Maya , Dvir Addie , Boyle Theresa , Wynes Murry , Miller Vincent A. , Lipson Doron , Palmer Gary A. , Ali Siraj M. , Dekel Shlomi , Brenner Ronen , Bunn Paul A. , Peled Nir
Published: February 2015

Background.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved method for detecting EML4-ALK rearrangement is fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); however, data supporting the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for that purpose are accumulating. Previous studies that compared FISH and IHC considered FISH the gold standard, but none compared data with the results of next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis.

Materials and Methods.

We studied FISH and IHC (D5F3 antibody) systematically for EML4-ALK rearrangement in 51 lung adenocarcinoma patients, followed by NGS in case of discordance.

Results.

Of 51 patients, 4 were positive with FISH (7.8%), and 8 were positive with IHC (15.7%). Three were positive with both. NGS confirmed that four of the five patients who were positive with IHC and negative with FISH were positive for ALK. Two were treated by crizotinib, with progression-free survival of 18 and 6 months. Considering NGS as the most accurate test, the sensitivity and specificity were 42.9% and 97.7%, respectively, for FISH and 100% and 97.7%, respectively, for IHC.

Conclusion.

The FISH-based method of detecting EML4-ALK rearrangement in lung cancer may miss a significant number of patients who could benefit from targeted ALK therapy. Screening for EML4-ALK rearrangement by IHC should be strongly considered, and NGS is recommended in borderline cases. Two patients who were negative with FISH and positive with IHC were treated with crizotinib and responded to therapy.
Using satellites to monitor Severn Bridge structure, UK
Authors: Roberts Gethin W. , Brown Christopher J. , Tang Xu , Ogundipe Oluropo
Published: February 2015

The Severn Bridge is a large UK suspension bridge. In 2010, a series of field surveys was commissioned to monitor the magnitude and frequencies of the bridge’s movements, through attaching nine dual-frequency survey grade global navigation satellite system receivers on the bridge and two reference satellite receivers adjacent to the structure. The satellite antenna locations and configuration allow the movements of the north cable to be analysed at four locations, as well as the differential movements of the two suspension cables to each other. In addition, this configuration allows the movements of the tops of the towers to be compared to the cables’ movements, as well as with each other. All in all, this allowed the relative movements of the various locations on the bridge’s suspension cables and tower tops to be compared to each other, at a rate of up to 20 Hz. Overall, some 3 days of raw code and carrier phase satellite data were gathered. During these sessions, normal traffic loading was experienced. This paper describes the survey, presents a selection of the key results and draws conclusions about the effective use of satellite positioning systems to enhance structural health monitoring.
An observational approach to railway tunnel voids grouting
Authors: Wright Peter , Skipper Jackie , Maddison Simon , Brookfield James , Moss Neil
Published: February 2015

Water and fine sand ingressed into a section of running tunnels on the Jubilee line of the UK's London Underground railway in 2010. Concern arose that voids around the tunnel would lead to tunnel instability due to a reduction of lateral confining pressure from the soil. Ground investigation works identified that the running tunnel passed through a very large buried sand channel in the Lambeth Group. Initial attempts to arrest the ingress using an expanding grout were unsuccessful, and manual monitoring showed a slow but continuing deformation of the tunnel. A detailed tunnel investigation revealed that intermittent voiding was present over a wide area. A more comprehensive tunnel investigation and grouting solution was procured and carried out successfully by a group of specialists working together with London Underground. An important aspect of the design was the use of an observational approach, a key component of which was an innovative wireless monitoring system with trigger levels linked to the grouting injection system.
Mechanical properties and impact resistance of roller-compacted concrete containing polypropylene fibre
Authors: Yazici Şemsi , Mardani-Aghabaglou Ali , Tuyan Murat , Üte A. Atacan
Published: February 2015

In this study, the effect of polypropylene fibre content on mechanical properties and impact resistance of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) was investigated. The polypropylene fibre was used as 0%, 0·25%, 0·50% and 0·75% per 1 m3 of concrete; thus, four different mixtures of RCC were prepared. The water content of those mixtures was determined using the maximum density method (soil compaction method). Optimum water content values for the maximum dry density of each RCC mixture were calculated with this approach. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and impact resistance of RCC mixtures were determined at different ages. As a result of the experimental study, it was observed that the use of polypropylene fibre in RCC mixtures increases the water requirement and water/cement ratio. The mechanical properties of RCC mixtures containing polypropylene fibre decreased by 20% compared to the control mixture without polypropylene fibre. This phenomenon can be attributed to an increase in the water/cement ratio of the RCC mixture when using polypropylene fibre.
Analysis of Upscaling Algorithms in Heterogeneous Reservoirs with Different Recovery Processes
Authors: Ampomah W. , Balch R. S. , Grigg R. B.
Published: February 2015

Even though computer power has increased dramatically over the years it is still essential to upscale detailed geological models before reservoir simulation, to decrease simulation time and cost. This paper presents the upscaling of a high resolution geological model constructed for a reservoir in the Anadarko basin. The Dykstra-Parsons coefficient computed indicates a highly heterogeneous and complex reservoir.

This work compares different upscaling algorithms for both primary and secondary reservoir depletion processes. Also, the effects of different boundary conditions were tested. Numerous upscaling ratios were studied to ascertain ideal upscaled grid sizes. Prior to property upscaling, quality check techniques which include cell volume, cell angles and cell inside out computations were applied. This ensured consistency with the fine-scale model and reduced simulation errors. Additional quality check techniques were applied to the coarse models after the property scale-up. Simulation results and volume computations from the fine model were used as a benchmark for the study. Several coarse simulation models were developed and compared to the fine-scale model to study the effect of upscaling techniques on the quality of simulation results. The deviation of coarse simulation results from the benchmark were statistically quantified and ranked according to the respective upscaling algorithm. The closest coarse model to the fine scale was used to construct a history match.

The results showed clearly that different depletion processes had significant effects on the upscaling techniques employed. Nearly all of the algorithms worked well for primary depletion processes, for example, with less favorable outcomes for the waterflood utilizing the same models. Simulation results were very sensitive to both the type of boundary condition employed and the upscaling ratio. The quality checks ensured good orthogonal grid geometry, which eventually reduced overall simulation errors and saved simulation time. The methodology presented in this paper establishes a road map to follow when upscaling geological models to ensure accuracy in reservoir modeling.
Integrated Carbonate Matrix Acidizing Model for Optimal Treatment Design and Distribution in Long Horizontal Wells
Authors: Li Xiaohe , Gomaa Ahmed , Nino-Penaloza Andrea , Chaudhary Saleem
Published: February 2015

Optimal design of matrix acidizing treatments in long horizontal wells represents a technical challenge for stimulation engineers. Acid coverage and distribution are particularly challenging because differences in formation permeability can be a predominant feature in horizontal wells. If acid is not effectively diverted in formations with high permeability anisotropy, some treated zones may become acid sinks while other zones are left with inadequate acid stimulation. Acid coverage and distribution depend on chemical and physical processes at different length scales. In the microscopic or pore scale in carbonate formations, acid creates flow paths of high permeability or wormholes which can affect the further penetration of the acid treatment downhole. In the macroscopic scale, fluid hydraulics in both wellbore and reservoir affect acid distribution as well.

In this paper, we present an integrated model in both the microscopic and macroscopic scale to simulate multistage acidizing treatments in limited-entry and open-hole long horizontal wells. We propose a modified semi-analytical model to describe the wormholing phenomena and chemical diversion by using core flow test data. The reservoir heterogeneity in both vertical and horizontal directions is taken into consideration in this model. In addition, we establish a dynamic wellbore hydraulics model to characterize the fluid mechanics inside the wellbore with considerations for acid distribution, pressure drop due to friction loss, fluid rheology and fluid flow behavior.

The integration of the elements mentioned above makes of this model a powerful tool to optimize critical parameters for matrix treatment design and distribution such as treatment interval length, diverter and acid volume, number of stages, and optimal rates. We present a case study to investigate the effects of chemical diversion, acid injection rate and volume on the performance of the treatment. The results of acid distribution, wormhole length and skin factor for each treatment interval as functions of time are analyzed. The evolution profiles of wellbore hydraulics during the acidizing treatment are also discussed.
Residues of Fungicides and Insecticides in Rice Field
Authors: Teló Gustavo Mack , Marchesan Enio , Zanella Renato , Limberger de Oliveira Maurício , Coelho Lucas Lopes , Martins Manoel Leonardo
Published: February 2015

The use of pesticides assists in integrated programs that aim high yield and quality grains in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, the use of pesticides can pose risk to rice quality as well as the environment and general population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the dissipation and persistence of fungicides (azoxystrobin and difenoconazole) and the insecticides (lambda‐cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam) in irrigation water, soil, rice plant, panicle, and rice grain. The study was conducted in the field during the 2011/2012 crop season, with fungicides and insecticides applied to the aerial parts of the rice plants, the samples were collected in different moments during a 40‐d monitoring period after the application of the pesticides. Laboratory analyses to detect pesticide residues were determined by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography and by gas chromatography. Pesticide residues were detected in irrigation water and rice plants during the 40 d of monitoring. Azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and thiamethoxan were transported into the environment due to overflowed water from the rice field, however pesticide residues were not detected in soil. Azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, thiamethoxan, and lambda‐cyhalothrin residues were detected in rice hull, however, no residues were detected in neither brown nor polished rice grain.
Effects of Nitrogen Application on Post‐Silking Root Senescence and Yield of Maize
Authors: Chen Yanling , Zhang Jie , Li Qian , He Xiaolong , Su Xiaopo , Chen Fanjun , Yuan Lixing , Mi Guohua
Published: February 2015

The size of roots and their physiological activity during the grain‐filling stage affect water and nutrient uptake, and grain yield (GY) in maize (Zea mays L.). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different N levels on postanthesis root senescence in field‐grown maize. Three N levels (0, 120, 240 kg N ha−1) was applied to field‐grown maize, and the length and weight of roots in the 0‐ to 40‐cm soil layer, nitrogenous compounds in xylem sap, N uptake, dry matter (DM), N accumulation, and GY were analyzed. Shoot N accumulation, but not grain yield, was higher in the N240 treatment than in the N120 treatment. At the silking stage, the root length was longest in the N0 treatment and shortest in the N240 treatment. This was because of the high root/shoot (R/S) and root C/N ratios in N0. Total root length decreased throughout the grain‐filling period, mainly because of the reduced length of early developed nodal roots. The root length decreased by 27% in the N0 treatment, to a smaller extent compared to that in N120 (52%) and N240 (51%). The amounts of NO3−–N, NH4+–N and amino acid‐N in the xylem sap were highest in the N240 treatment during the entire grain‐filling stage, suggesting that a high N supply increased root N‐uptake activity. Based on these results, we conclude that high root N‐uptake activity, not delayed root senescence, resulted in the large accumulation of N in the shoot under excess N.
Application of risk-based assessment and management to riverbank filtration sites in India
Authors: Bartak Rico , Page Declan , Sandhu Cornelius , Grischek Thomas , Saini Bharti , Mehrotra Indu , Jain Chakresh K. , Ghosh Narayan C.
Published: February 2015

This is the first reported study of a riverbank filtration (RBF) scheme to be assessed following the Australian Guidelines for Managed Aquifer Recharge. A comprehensive staged approach to assess the risks from 12 hazards to human health and the environment has been undertaken. Highest risks from untreated ground and Ganga River water were identified with pathogens, turbidity, iron, manganese, total dissolved solids and total hardness. Recovered water meets the guideline values for inorganic chemicals and salinity but exceeds limits for thermotolerant coliforms frequently. A quantitative microbial risk assessment undertaken on the water recovered from the aquifer indicated that the residual risks of 0.00165 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) posed by the reference bacteria Escherichia coli O157:H7 were below the national diarrhoeal incidence of 0.027 DALYs and meet the health target in this study of 0.005 DALYs per person per year, which corresponds to the World Health Organization (WHO) regional diarrhoeal incidence in South-East Asia. Monsoon season was a major contributor to the calculated burden of disease and final DALYs were strongly dependent on RBF and disinfection pathogen removal capabilities. Finally, a water safety plan was developed with potential risk management procedures to minimize residual risks related to pathogens.
Parental decisions, child health and valuation of avoiding arsenic in drinking water in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Sonia N. , Boyle Kevin J. , Crocker Tom
Published: February 2015

Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh is a widespread public health hazard. Water sources without high arsenic levels are scarce, affecting people's availability for work and other activities when they have to seek safe water to drink. While children are particularly susceptible to chronic arsenic exposure, limited information and heavy constraints on resources may preclude people in developing countries from taking protective actions. Since parents are primary decision-makers for children, a model of stochastic decision-making analytically linking parent health and child health is used to frame the valuation of avoiding arsenic exposure using an averting behavior model. The results show that safe drinking water programs do work and that people do take protective actions. The results can help guide public health mitigation policies, and examine whether factors such as child health and time required for remediation have an effect on mitigation measures.
Risk behaviors and self-reported illnesses among Pacific Northwest surfers
Authors: Harding Anna K. , Stone David L. , Cardenas Andres , Lesser Virginia
Published: February 2015

Although surfers have high incidental exposure to marine waters, no studies have investigated if surfer risk behaviors (such as surfing during advisories, near an outfall, during a rain event, or use of personal protective equipment) increase or decrease the risk of acquiring waterborne illnesses. We used a web-based survey to assess the association between risk-based behaviors and self-reported illnesses among Pacific Northwest surfers. Commonly reported illnesses include: ear infection or discharge (38%), sore throat or a cough (28%), diarrhea (16%), fever (10.5%), and vomiting (7%). Surfing often during rain events was associated with an increased likelihood of diarrhea (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.4–5.47), sore throat (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01–2.05), and ear infection (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.01–2.32). Surfing during a health advisory was associated with increased likelihood of diarrhea (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.03–4.64) and sore throat (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.23–4.40). Other behaviors associated with increased illnesses include body surfing, surfing near an outfall, frequency of surfing, and use of ear plugs. Approximately 40% of surfers were unaware if they had surfed during an active health advisory and 29% knowingly surfed during advisories, suggesting the need to engage this population about potential harm and behaviors that may increase health risk.
Folklore motives in the early compositions of Nikola Borota - Radovan
Authors: Jovanovic Jelena
Published: February 2015

The creative work of Nikola Borota - Radovan (musician, composer, lyricist,
arranger and record producer, based in New Zealand - formerly from
Yugoslavia) held a specific place in development of world music (poly)genre
in his native homeland in the early 1970s. This study focuses on his creative
principles, applied to works published between the years 1970 and 1975 (while
the role of these works in social, cultural and political context of the time
and place will be elaborated in another study, see Jovanovic 2014). The
platform established to present this unique musical approach authenticaly was
called kamen na kamen (a studio and stage outfit that has included number of
collaborations over many years). Based on the musical models and aethetics of
the folk revival and created under influence of The Beatles?, in adition to
many other popular music production directions of the era, Borota?s works
reveal significant musical, performance and production qualities, innovative
expression and musical solutions, that need to be percieved from the
contemporary (ethno)musicological point of view. Despite the fact that many
prominent creative Yugoslav musicians of the time also worked within a
similar framework I would argue that Mr. Borota?s creative outcome was
signifficantly different from other Yugoslav popular music creative efforts.
This is particularly noticeable in the author?s unique treatment of
South-European and other folklore motives, which is the main topic of this
study. Folk (ethnic) idioms exploited by Mr. Borota in his compositions
originate from the rural traditions of western Dinaric regions. This is
especially true for the rhythmic formations of deaf or silent dance; for the
semi-urban and urban tradition of the Balkans and the Mediterranean; Middle
European traditions; traditions from non-European peoples; elements of
Italian Renaissance; and international (mostly Anglo-American) musical
models. Compositions are analysed partly in accordance with the principles
presented by Philip Tagg (1982), and following the principles of the ?Finnish
method? in ethnomusicology. According to my best knowledge, there was no
previous comparable (ethno) musicological ellaboration of folk revival,
Beatlesque influences and early forrays into world music within Yugoslav
popular music culture. I therefore consider this study to be the first
contribution to the research in this subject.
The Jankovic sisters’ legacy in the National library of Serbia
Authors: Prelic Mladena
Published: February 2015

Sisters Ljubica (1894-1974) and Danica (1868-1960) Jankovic were very
prominent figures in the cultural and scholarly life of Belgrade, Serbia
(Yugoslavia in their time). Their work, primarily ethno-coreological, was
considered to be very important by experts worldwide. After the death of
Ljubica (the last member of this family) in 1976 and until the present, the
sisters? legacy (manuscripts, letters, fieldwork data etc.) is kept in the
National library of Serbia. In addition to the materials left by the sisters,
the legacy also contains manuscripts by other family members, some of whom
were also prominent scholars, including their uncle, Prof. Tihomir R.
Djordjevic (1868-1944), one of the founding fathers of Serbian ethnology.
Unfortunately, the legacy is still not open to the public. This year,
however, work on classifying this important archival material has begun, and,
once completed in 2016, it will become available to the public at large. This
paper briefly describes the project, and the legacy itself.
How Big Data Will Change Accounting
Authors: Warren J. Donald , Moffitt Kevin C. , Byrnes Paul
Published: February 2015

SYNOPSIS

Big Data will have increasingly important implications for accounting, even as new types of data become accessible. The video, audio, and textual information made available via Big Data can provide for improved managerial accounting, financial accounting, and financial reporting practices. In managerial accounting, Big Data will contribute to the development and evolution of effective management control systems and budgeting processes. In financial accounting, Big Data will improve the quality and relevance of accounting information, thereby enhancing transparency and stakeholder decision making. In reporting, Big Data can assist with the creation and refinement of accounting standards, helping to ensure that the accounting profession will continue to provide useful information as the dynamic, real-time, global economy evolves.
Big Data in Accounting: An Overview
Authors: Vasarhelyi Miklos A. , Kogan Alexander , Tuttle Brad M.
Published: February 2015

SYNOPSIS

This paper discusses an overall framework of Big Data in accounting, setting the stage for the ensuing collection of essays that presents the ongoing evolution of corporate data into Big Data, ranging from the structured data contained in modern ERPs to loosely connected unstructured and semi-structured information from the environment. These essays focus on the sources, uses, and challenges of Big Data in accounting (measurement) and auditing (assurance). They consider the changing nature of accounting records and the incorporation of nontraditional sources of data into the accounting and auditing domains, as well as the need for changes in the accounting and auditing standards, and the new opportunities for audit analytics enabled by Big Data. Additionally, the papers discuss the interaction of Big Data and traditional sources of data, as well as Big Data's impact on audit judgment and behavioral research. Both accounting academics and accounting practitioners will benefit from learning about the significant potential benefits of Big Data and the inevitable challenges and obstacles in the way of its utilization. Advanced accounting students would also benefit from exposure to these emerging issues to enhance their future career development.
Accelerated Filing Deadlines, Internal Controls, and Financial Statement Quality: The Case of Originating Misstatements
Authors: Boland Colleen M. , Bronson Scott N. , Hogan Chris E.
Published: February 2015

SYNOPSIS

We examine whether regulations requiring accelerated filing deadlines and internal control reporting and testing affect financial statement reliability. Unlike prior research, we examine whether these regulatory changes are associated with an increase in the likelihood that misstatements originate in the period following the respective change. If the implementation of these rules causes a misstatement, then the misstatement would most likely occur in the period immediately following the rule change. We provide evidence that accelerated filers (AFs) experience an increase in the likelihood of an originating misstatement following the acceleration of filing deadlines from 90 to 75 days. Large accelerated filers (LAFs), however, do not experience a similar increase following this acceleration or the subsequent acceleration from 75 to 60 days. After the implementation of the SOX Section 404 internal control requirements, we find that the likelihood of an originating misstatement declined for AFs but not for LAFs. Taken together, the findings suggest that, although AFs experienced an initial decrease in financial statement reliability, this decrease was temporary.

Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.
Advanced laser welding of high-performance thermoplastic composites
Authors: Jaeschke Peter , Wippo Verena , Suttmann Oliver , Overmeyer Ludger
Published: February 2015

Thermoplastic composite structures based on continuous carbon fiber reinforcements are gaining importance in many industrial applications. These comprise basic technical functions as well as high-performance applications in the aerospace sector. Welding techniques are applicable for composites based on thermoplastic matrix materials in contrast to thermoset systems. In this context, welding steps are not limited to the joining of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) parts among themselves, but extend to the connection of various components, consisting of unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics to CFRP components. In this work, a laser transmission welding process is evaluated with respect to the influence of the carbon fiber reinforcement within the laser absorbing part as well as the glass fiber reinforcement within the laser transparent part on the weld seam formation. Thermoplastic base material nylon (PA 6.6) and polyphenylene sulfide are used. By applying two different strategies, contour and quasisimultaneous welding, the influence of continuous fiber reinforced composites on the welding process is studied. Significant differences to the process characteristics known from the joining of unreinforced thermoplastics emerge from the fiber reinforcement inducing high thermal conductivity and fluctuating absorption properties for the laser wavelength, resulting in an essentially altered plastification performance which is directly mirrored in the inhomogeneous formation of the weld seam structure.
Laser remote cutting and surface treatment in manufacturing electrical machines—High productivity, flexibility, and perfect magnetic performance
Authors: Baumann Robert , Siebert René , Herwig Patrick , Wetzig Andreas , Beyer Eckhard
Published: February 2015

From industrial electrical machine production, it is well known that processing of nonoriented electrical steels causes changes in the lattice and microstructure that also affect the magnetic structure. While applying these manufacturing techniques (punching or laser fusion cutting), mechanical and thermal stresses are induced due to elastic and plastic deformation or temperature gradients within the material. For more than 15 years, fusion cutting with CO2-lasers enabled a flexible and wear-free production but mostly for prototypes and small batches. Ten years ago, the development of diffraction limited solid-state lasers started and thus enabled laser remote cutting (LRC). Nowadays, industry demands sheet thicknesses between 0.35 and 0.5 mm due to the fact of eddy current loss reduction. Concerning this context, best choice is LRC. Within this work, latest results are presented in terms of resulting cutting speed, cutting edge quality, and magnetic properties. Cutting speed of LRC beats laser fusion cutting keeping the high rate of flexibility. The magnetic material properties of laser remote cut laminates are identical or even better to conventional punched parts. Therefore, the manufacturer has been given the possibility to tweak his process toward perfect magnetic behavior or high output volume. All in all, it will be possible to produce high efficient electrical machines regarding the application demands of the costumer.
Weld root instabilities in fiber laser welding
Authors: Powell John , Ilar Torbjörn , Frostevarg Jan , Torkamany Mohammad J. , Na Suck-Joo , Petring Dirk , Zhang Linjie , Kaplan Alexander F. H.
Published: February 2015

Fiber laser welding and fiber laser-arc hybrid welding have been developed into very useful industrial processes over the past few years. However, the use of fiber lasers can be associated with quality problems at the weld root such as intermittent penetration, melt ejection, and humping. This paper explains the mechanisms which create these instabilities and suggests a repair technique which would alleviate the problems in some cases. The main difference between fiber and CO2 laser welding is that during fiber laser welding there is a strong downward thrust on the melt in the keyhole. (This is not the case during CO2 laser welding.) The downward thrust on the melt is generated as a result of the fiber laser evaporating the top faces of bumps on the melt surface. The downward flow has two main effects; (a) the melt can achieve velocities which result in melt ejection from the root of the weld—which can result in intermittent penetration, (b) the supply of hot metal to the bottom of the weld makes the process much more thermally uniform at the top and bottom of the weld. This uniformity means that the melt is extended backward several millimeters on the top and bottom surfaces—which can result in melt humping in the weld root as well as on the top surface. This paper examines these weld root instabilities and also describes a technique of weld root remelting which has been shown to be effective in smoothing out the root of the weld to improve its tensile and fatigue properties.
100 mJ Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride laser with intracavity second harmonic generation and optimized neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride crystal properties, applications, and performance results
Authors: Burzo Andrea , Kilmer Joyce , Yin Yusong
Published: February 2015

We report on the first kilohertz 100 mJ 527 nm YLF laser on the market or in any laboratory. The laser is capable of operating from single shot to 10 kHz with pulse widths of 100 ns at 1 kHz and with an M2 value of 10–15. Its availability presents new opportunities for the ultrafast community and industrial applications. Employing it as the pump source for the ultrafast lasers, new forms of radiation such as extreme ultraviolet obtained via laser-driven high-harmonic generation can be generated. These forms of radiation can be used for time-resolved studies of fast and ultrafast phenomena, along with many other applications, including medical sciences, industrial applications, and more. Green solid-state lasers with long pulse duration are an excellent choice for annealing power devices, where dopant activation and damage healing occur over micron depths. Manufacturers are currently using green lasers for thin Si films on glasses and plastics for various large-area microelectronic applications. The newly developed high pulse energy Nd:YLF lasers can replace the currently employed excimer lasers for applications previously mentioned. Annealing of semiconductor materials is extremely important for the power industry as increases in pulse energy can lead to an increase of annealing exposure area. At the same time, the stability of the annealing temperature depends on pulse width. Short pulses are able to achieve higher temperatures fast, but cool quickly, while using longer pulses, lower temperatures are enabled, but with a more gradual heating and cooling. The pulse duration stability of the Nd:YLF laser makes it an excellent candidate for use in the annealing processes. Other applications of such high power/high pulse energy lasers are biomedical instrumentation (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, laser induced fluorescence, flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, optical tweezers), medical (dermatology and ophthalmology), defense (nonlethal visual disruption, illuminators), and fluid dynamics (particle image velocimetry).