Substituting specialist care for patients with severe mental illness with primary healthcare. Experiences in a mixed methods study
Authors: Beckers Thijs , Koekkoek Bauke , Tiemens Bea , Jaeqx ‐ van Tienen Lia , Hutschemaekers Giel 
Published: October 2018

Accessible summary

What is known on the subject?

Care planning and coordination are currently insufficiently based on scientific insights due to a lack of knowledge on this topic.

Most patients with severe mental illness receive long‐term treatment from specialized mental health services.

This long‐term, highly intensive treatment is not always the best option for two reasons. Firstly, because as long as a patient receives intensive treatment aimed at safety, it is hard for that patient to take full responsibility for their own life. Secondly, because care is not available unlimitedly, some patients are waiting to receive specialist mental healthcare while others who do not need it anymore still receive it.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Most stable patients with severe mental illness can be treated outside of specialized mental health services.

Some patients are too dependent on a specific mental healthcare professional to be referred to primary healthcare. In such instances, a referral will most likely lead to destabilization and the referral will therefore be unsuccessful.

Patients preferred primary healthcare to specialized mental health services, mainly because of the absence of stigma associated with the latter.

There should be more attention for personal recovery (especially the social support system) of patients with severe mental illness who are referred to primary healthcare services.

What are the implications for practice?

Most stable patients with severe mental illness can be treated in primary healthcare.

Professionals in primary healthcare should keep personal recovery in mind when treating patients, focusing on problem solving skills and also making use of social support systems.

Aim/question

Care planning and coordination are currently insufficiently based on scientific insights due to a lack of knowledge on this topic. In the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, most patients with severe mental illness receive long‐term specialized mental healthcare, even when they are stable. This study aims to explore the outcome of these stable patients when they are referred to primary healthcare.

Methods

Patients (N = 32) receiving specialized mental healthcare that were referred to primary healthcare were interviewed in focus groups, as were the involved professionals (N = 6).

Results

84% of the participants still received primary healthcare after 12 months. Despite the successful referral, the patient's personal recovery did not always profit. The participants of the focus groups agreed that some patients were too dependent on a specific mental healthcare professional to be referred to primary healthcare.

Discussion

Most stable patients with severe mental illness can be referred to primary healthcare. Personal recovery and dependency on a specific healthcare provider should be considered when referring a patient to primary healthcare.

Implications for practice

Professionals in community mental healthcare teams should consider a referral to primary mental healthcare in stable patients. Professionals in primary healthcare should keep the patient's personal recovery in mind.