bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PAK Membrane Translocation and Phosphorylation Regulate Platelet Aggregation Downstream of Gi and G12/13 Pathways
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Zhang Yan , Zheng Shuang , Liu Yangyang , Chang Lin , Pan Guanxing , Hu Liang , Zhang Si , Liu Junling , Kim Soochong , Dong Jianzeng , Ding Zhongren
Published: August 2020

Platelet activation plays a pivotal role in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis causing heart attack and stroke. Previous studies conclude that simultaneous activation of Gi and G12/13 signaling pathways is sufficient to cause platelet aggregation. However, using Gq knockout mice and Gq-specific inhibitors, we here demonstrated that platelet aggregation downstream of coactivation of Gi and G12/13 depends on agonist concentrations; coactivation of Gi and G12/13 pathways only induces platelet aggregation under higher agonist concentrations. We confirmed Gi and G12/13 pathway activation by showing cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) decrease and RhoA activation in platelets stimulated at both low and high agonist concentrations. Interestingly, we found that though Akt and PAK (p21-activated kinase) translocate to the platelet membrane upon both low and high agonist stimulation, membrane-translocated Akt and PAK only phosphorylate at high agonist concentrations, correlating well with platelet aggregation downstream of concomitant Gi and G12/13 pathway activation. PAK inhibitor abolishes Akt phosphorylation, inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and arterial thrombus formation in vivo. We propose that the PAK-PI3K/Akt pathway mediates platelet aggregation downstream of Gi and G12/13, and PAK may represent a potential antiplatelet and antithrombotic target.
High Soluble Thrombomodulin Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Major Bleeding during Treatment with Oral Anticoagulants: A Case–Cohort Study
Authors: Toorop Myrthe M. A. , van Rein Nienke , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , van der Meer Felix J. M. , Reitsma Pieter H. , Lijfering Willem M. , Bos Mettine H. A.
Published: August 2020

Background Major bleeding occurs in 1 to 3% of patients treated with oral anticoagulants per year. Biomarkers may help to identify high-risk patients. A proposed marker for major bleeding while using anticoagulants is soluble thrombomodulin (sTM).

Methods Plasma was available from 16,570 patients of the BLEEDS cohort that consisted of patients who started treatment with vitamin K antagonists between 2012 and 2014. A case–cohort study was performed including all patients with a major bleed (n = 326) during follow-up and a random sample of individuals selected at baseline (n = 652). Plasma sTM levels were measured and stratified by percentiles. Patients were also categorized by international normalized ratio (INR). Adjusted hazard ratios (for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by means of Cox regression.

Results Plasma sTM levels were available for 263 patients with a major bleed and 538 control subjects. sTM levels were dose-dependently associated with risk of major bleeding, with a 1.9-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.1–3.1) for levels above the 85th percentile versus the <25th percentile. A high INR (≥4) in the presence of high (≥70th percentile) sTM levels was associated with a 7.1-fold (95% CI: 4.1–12.3) increased risk of major bleeding, corresponding with a bleeding rate of 14.1 per 100 patient-years.

Conclusion High sTM levels at the start of treatment are associated with major bleeding during vitamin K antagonist treatment, particularly in the presence of a high INR.
Open Reduction for Dorsal Dislocation of Second to Fifth Carpometacarpal Joints: A Case Report
Authors: Kimura Hiroo , Toga Akira , Suzuki Taku , Iwamoto Takuji
Published: August 2020

Background Fracture-dislocations of all four ulnar (second to fifth) carpometacarpal (CMC) joints are rare hand injuries and frequently overlooked or missed. These injuries can be treated conservatively when closed reduction is successfully achieved, though they are sometimes irreducible and unstable.

Case Description We report the case of a 17-year-old boy involved in a vehicular accident. Clinical images showed dorsal dislocation of all four ulnar CMC joints of the left hand associated with a fracture of the base of the fourth metacarpal. Although closed reduction was attempted immediately, the affected joints remained unstable and easily redislocated. Therefore, we performed open reduction and percutaneous fixation of all ulnar CMCs. He showed excellent recovery after 1 year postoperatively, reported no pain, and demonstrated complete grip strength and range of motion of the affected wrist and fingers.

Literature Review Accurate clinical diagnosis of this lesion is difficult because of polytrauma, severe swelling masking the dislocated CMC joint deformity, and overlapping of adjacent metacarpals and carpal bones on radiographic examination. As for the treatment strategy, it has yet to obtain a consensus. Some reports value open reduction to guarantee anatomical reduction, and it is definitely needed in the patients with interposed tissues to be removed or with subacute and chronic injuries.

Clinical Relevance Delayed diagnosis or treatment could lead to poor outcomes. Therefore, surgeons must be aware that precise preoperative assessment is critical, and anatomical open reduction of interposed bony fragments, like our case, may be required even in an acute phase.
Point interactions with bound states: A zero-thickness limit of a double-layer heterostructure
Authors: Zolotaryuk Alexander V. , Zolotaryuk Yaroslav
Published: August 2020

A heterostructure composed of two parallel homogeneous layers is studied in the limit as their width and the distance between them shrinks to zero simultaneously. The problem is considered in one dimension and the squeezing potential in the Schrödinger equation is chosen in the form of a piecewise constant function. As a result, two families of point interactions with bound state energy are realized from this structure. The specific feature of these interactions is the resonant-tunneling transmission of electrons through one-point singular potentials under certain conditions described by transcendental equations. The solutions to these equations define so-called resonance sets of Lebesgue’s measure zero. A particular example is the potential in the form of the derivative of Dirac’s delta function. For a whole family of point interactions including this example, the existence of a bound state is proven, contrary to the widespread opinion on the non-existence of bound states in δ'-like systems.
Solid solutions with coexisting ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases for creation of new materials
Authors: Ishchuk V. M. , Sobolev V. L.
Published: August 2020

The controlled decomposition of solid solutions in the vicinity of interphase boundaries separating domains of the coexisting antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases opens new fields of applications for these materials. The lead zirconate–titanate based solid solutions are considered as an example of substances suitable for creation of materials with the negative refractive index. Manufactured composites constitute a dielectric antiferroelectric matrix with a structure of conducting interphase boundaries separating domains of the ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases. The electric conductivity of the interphase boundaries occurs as a result of the local decomposition of the solid solutions in the vicinity of these boundaries. The decomposition process and consequently the conductivity of the interphase boundaries can be controlled by means of external influences.
An antiferromagnet as a tunable single-phase elastic hyperbolic medium with spatial dispersion
Authors: Tarasenko S. V. , Shavrov V. G.
Published: August 2020

For a plane and quasi-plane SH-type bulk wave incident from the outside onto a system of equidistant antiferromagnetic dielectric layers, the inclusion of the spatial dispersion in the antiferromagnet as a hyperbolic magnetoacoustic medium induces a number of resonant refractive anomalies: the effects of total reflection (transmission) and the formation of discrete localized magnon-phonon states against the continuous spectrum, the amplification of the angular Schoch effect, and in the case of a one-dimensional resonant magnetic phonon crystal, the acoustic superradiance effect.
Up-converting nanoparticles synthesis using hydroxyl–carboxyl chelating agents: Fluoride source effect
Authors: Dinic Ivana , Vukovic Marina , Nikolic Marko , Tan Zhenquan , Milosevic Olivera , Mancic Lidija
Published: August 2020

The synthesis of lanthanide doped up-converting nanoparticles (UCNPs), whose morphological, structural, and luminescence properties are well suited for applications in optoelectronics, forensics, security, or biomedicine, is of tremendous significance. The most commonly used synthesis method comprises decomposition of organometallic compounds in an oxygen-free environment and subsequent infliction of a biocompatible layer on the particle surface. In this work, hydroxyl–carboxyl (—OH/—COOH) type of chelating agents (citric acid and sodium citrate) are used in situ for the solvothermal synthesis of hydrophilic NaY0.5Gd0.3F4:Yb,Er UCNPs from rare earth nitrate salts and different fluoride sources (NaF, NH4F, and NH4HF2). X-ray powder diffraction showed crystallization of cubic and hexagonal NaY0.5Gd0.3F4:Yb,Er phases in nano- and micro-sized particles, respectively. The content of the hexagonal phase prevails in the samples obtained when Na-citrate is used, while the size and shape of the synthesized mesocrystals are affected by the choice of fluoride source used for precipitation. All particles are functionalized with citrate ligands and emit intense green light at 519 nm and 539 nm (2H11/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2) under near infrared light. The intensity of this emission is distressed by the change in the origin of phonon energy of the host matrix revealed by the change in the number of the excitation photons absorbed per emitted photon.
High-temperature dependence of anomalous Ettingshausen effect in SmCo5-type permanent magnets
Authors: Miura Asuka , Masuda Keisuke , Hirai Takamasa , Iguchi Ryo , Seki Takeshi , Miura Yoshio , Tsuchiura Hiroki , Takanashi Koki , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: August 2020

The anomalous Ettingshausen effect (AEE) in SmCo5-type permanent magnets has been investigated in the high-temperature range from room temperature to around 600 K. The anomalous Ettingshausen coefficient of the SmCo5 and (SmGd)Co5 magnets monotonically increases with increasing the temperature and shows a similar temperature dependence, while the coefficient of SmCo5 is slightly larger than that of (SmGd)Co5 at high temperatures. The dimensionless figure of merit for the AEE in SmCo5 at high temperatures is much greater than the previous record obtained for the anomalous Nernst effect. The observed high-temperature behavior of the AEE is discussed based on the first-principles calculations of transverse transport coefficients.
Multicomponent design of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine systems
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Ryzhkova Yuliya E. , Ryzhkov Fedor V.
Published: August 2020

The review summarizes and systematizes data on the methods for the preparation of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines. Both multicomponent and pseudo-multicomponent synthetic approaches and one-pot transformations based on the reactions of carbonyl compounds, malononitrile or its derivatives, and CH-acids are considered. Examples of the use of various catalysts, microwave and ultrasonic radiation, as well as electric current for the implementation of multicomponent transformations of this type are given. Characteristic features of the course and mechanisms of reactions are discussed. Data on the biological activity of the obtained compounds and on other fields of application of such heterocyclic systems are presented.

The bibliography includes 109 references.
Using a computerised database (REDCap) to monitor influenza vaccination coverage of healthcare workers and staff in South Eastern Sydney Local Health District
Authors: Gadsden Thomas , Bateman-Steel Catherine R. , Chaverot Sandra , Ressler Kelly-Anne , Chee Karen , Redwood Lisa , Ferson Mark J.
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveNew South Wales (NSW) experienced a severe influenza season in 2017. In 2018, NSW Health implemented a campaign to improve healthcare worker (HCW) influenza vaccination coverage. The South Eastern Sydney Local Health District (LHD) trialled a centralised online database to monitor HCW uptake of the vaccination. This paper outlines how the monitoring system was chosen and developed, the process of implementation and the effectiveness of the system in this setting.
MethodsA literature review was conducted to identify an appropriate database. Stakeholder working groups took place across the LHD regarding implementation. An online vaccination consent form was developed and installed on the LHD network within 2 weeks. Administrative staff ensured timely entry of HCW data and vaccination status and analysis of uptake using Microsoft Excel.
ResultsREDCap (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA) was identified as the most appropriate web-based platform based on the ease of developing a secure and inexpensive data collection tool in a short time period. In all, 10064 employees were recorded in REDCap as having received the influenza vaccine. Customised REDCap reports allowed managers to follow up staff yet to receive their vaccination, which resulted in further vaccinations.
ConclusionsREDCap was successfully used as a data collection tool to track the influenza vaccination rates of staff. The data assisted the District Workforce Services in ensuring that facilities complied with NSW Health policy. This study highlights how REDCap may be used by similar organisations to monitor influenza vaccination of HCWs.
What is known about the topic?There is increasing recognition of the need to ensure high-quality monitoring of HCW influenza vaccination rates, yet coverage is often difficult to measure accurately due to a lack of centralised reporting and monitoring systems.
What does this paper add?This paper outlines how a computerised database (REDCap) was used by a NSW Health jurisdiction to monitor a vaccination program. REDCap is an inexpensive and easy to use system that allowed public health authorities rapid analysis of HCW vaccination coverage rates.
What are the implications for practitioners?The findings add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the utility of online systems for monitoring HCW influenza vaccinations. These results will be relevant to healthcare organisations and public health practitioners seeking quick and feasible research and data collection platforms.
Comparison of bacterial communities associated with Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia mikimotoi strains from Chinese coastal waters
Authors: Guo Ruoyu , Wang Pengbin , Lu Douding , Dai Xinfeng
Published: August 2020

The dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi (toxic) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (non-toxic) have caused serious blooms in Chinese coastal waters. Although many studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying the harmful algal blooms of these two species, research on bacterial communities associated with K. mikimotoi and P. donghaiense is still limited. In this study, the composition of associated bacterial communities of K. mikimotoi and P. donghaiense were investigated in cultured strains. The genera with the highest relative abundance in K. mikimotoi and P. donghaiense cultures were Balneola and Marinobacter respectively. There were 26 genera specifically present in K. mikimotoi cultures, including Alteromonas, Methylophaga and Thalassospira. Sixteen genera were specifically present in P. donghaiense cultures, including an unclassified genus belonging to Nannocystaceae, Loktanella and Roseivirga. Various aromatic hydrocarbons capable of degrading bacteria were detected in the K. mikimotoi culture, but not in the P. donghaiense culture; this may contribute to the toxicity or toxin synthesis of K. mikimotoi. The results of this study provide further insights into bloom formation mechanisms and elucidate the different characteristics of K. mikimotoi and P. donghaiense blooms.
Fusogen-mediated neuron−neuron fusion disrupts neural circuit connectivity and alters animal behavior
Authors: Giordano-Santini Rosina , Kaulich Eva , Galbraith Kate M. , Ritchie Fiona K. , Wang Wei , Li Zhaoyu , Hilliard Massimo A.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Ramón y Cajal’s neuron doctrine, which states that neurons are individual cells that do not share any membrane or cytoplasmic continuity between them, has underpinned our view of modern neuroscience. However, there is considerable evidence that fusogens, specialized proteins essential and sufficient for the fusion of cells in other tissues, are expressed in the nervous system of several species in response to viral infection, stress conditions, and neurological disease. By manipulating the expression of fusogens in the chemosensory neurons of
Caenorhabditis elegans
, our results provide conclusive evidence that deregulation of fusogen expression causes neuronal fusion and can have deleterious effects on neural circuitry and behavioral outputs, revealing a possible novel underlying cause of neurological disorders.
Fungal biofilm architecture produces hypoxic microenvironments that drive antifungal resistance
Authors: Kowalski Caitlin H. , Morelli Kaesi A. , Schultz Daniel , Nadell Carey D. , Cramer Robert A.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Failure of antimicrobial therapies to clear an infection is in part due to a biofilm mode of bacterial and fungal growth. Understanding how microbial biofilms mediate antimicrobial treatment failure is critical for improving infection outcomes. The mechanisms by which filamentous fungal biofilms mediate drug resistance are particularly ill-defined. We observe thatAspergillus fumigatusbiofilms develop hypoxic microenvironments during maturation that facilitate fungal survival in the face of antifungal treatments. Oxygenation ofA. fumigatusbiofilms, however, reduces fungal survival. These results extend the role of dynamic biofilm oxygen gradients found in bacterial pathogens to the fungal kingdom and provide insights into how to overcome fungal drug resistance through manipulation of biofilm oxygen availability and consumption.
Noninvasive two-photon optical biopsy of retinal fluorophores
Authors: Palczewska Grazyna , Boguslawski Jakub , Stremplewski Patrycjusz , Kornaszewski Lukasz , Zhang Jianye , Dong Zhiqian , Liang Xiao-Xuan , Gratton Enrico , Vogel Alfred , Wojtkowski Maciej , Palczewski Krzysztof
Published: August 2020

Significance

Two-photon excitation (TPE) of retinal fluorophores with infrared light allows monitoring metabolic transformation of the retina. TPE imaging can provide information about biochemical events that precede structural damage to the retina and thereby accelerate the development of therapies against blinding diseases. While subcellular TPE of endogenous retinoids in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium of mice and nonhuman primates has been achieved, TPE imaging of the human retina has not been fully realized due to concerns about safety and identity of molecular signals. We therefore improved TPE efficiency by controlling temporal properties of the excitation light, performed extensive modeling of nonlinear damage mechanisms, and identified molecular components of individual RPE granules in mouse models of retinal diseases employing phasor analyses.
Ultrafast dynamics of hot carriers in a quasi–two-dimensional electron gas on InSe
Authors: Chen Zhesheng , Sjakste Jelena , Dong Jingwei , Taleb-Ibrahimi Amina , Rueff Jean-Pascal , Shukla Abhay , Peretti Jacques , Papalazarou Evangelos , Marsi Marino , Perfetti Luca
Published: August 2020

Significance

Two-dimensional electron gases are an essential building block of today’s technology and attract broad interest in the context of material science or nanoengineering. Their widespread applications in many strategical sectors call for a direct visualization of hot electrons relaxation in an accumulation layer. In this work, we make use of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to acquire snapshots of the electronic distribution after a strong and impulsive drive. We identified and quantified the remote coupling of the confined electrons to phonon modes of the adjacent polar material. The far-reaching outcomes provide insights on the screening of electron–phonon coupling in constrained dimensions and will be of high relevance for the development of aggressively downscaled circuits.
Achieving delafossite analog by in situ electrochemical self-reconstruction as an oxygen-evolving catalyst
Authors: Liu Juzhe , Hu Qi , Wang Yu , Yang Zhao , Fan Xiaoyu , Liu Li-Min , Guo Lin
Published: August 2020

Significance

Electrochemical water splitting to generate hydrogen and oxygen is proposed as a promising way for building a clean-energy future. One of the challenges facing this scenario is to develop robust electrocatalysts, especially for the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. In this work, the delafossite analog was proposed by mutation of metal oxyhydroxides and delafossite. We have experimentally realized the delafossite analog by intercalation of Ag into cobalt–iron (oxyhydr)oxide layers via electrochemical self-reconstruction (ECSR). The delafossite analog exhibits enhanced OER activity and outstanding stability. Our findings demonstrate that in situ ECSR can be an effective approach to construct new types of catalysts. Our advances on delafossite analogs pave the vital way for a class of promising electrochemical catalysts.
Spin cascade and doming in ferric hemes: Femtosecond X-ray absorption and X-ray emission studies
Authors: Bacellar Camila , Kinschel Dominik , Mancini Giulia F. , Ingle Rebecca A. , Rouxel Jérémy , Cannelli Oliviero , Cirelli Claudio , Knopp Gregor , Szlachetko Jakub , Lima Frederico A. , Menzi Samuel , Pamfilidis Georgios , Kubicek Katharina , Khakhulin Dmitry , Gawelda Wojciech , Rodriguez-Fernandez Angel , Biednov Mykola , Bressler Christian , Arrell Christopher A. , Johnson Philip J. M. , Milne Christopher J. , Chergui Majed
Published: August 2020

Significance

The structure–function relationship in central to biology, while the structural dynamics are driven by electronic changes. Doming of ferrous heme proteins, which is central to the respiratory function of hemoglobin, ensues from populating high-spin states. However, for ferric heme proteins, doming was excluded. Here, we show that high-spin states are populated in photoexcited ferric cytochromec, and we present evidence for doming. We also conclude that photo- or thermally activated doming occurs in a wide variety of ferric heme proteins, calling for a deeper understanding of its role in their respective functions.
The cryoelectron microscopy structure of the human CDK-activating kinase
Authors: Greber Basil J. , Perez-Bertoldi Juan M. , Lim Kif , Iavarone Anthony T. , Toso Daniel B. , Nogales Eva
Published: August 2020

Significance

Control of gene expression and the cell cycle is critical for appropriate cell growth and timely cell division. Failure of the mechanisms regulating these processes can result in proliferative diseases. A molecular complex termed the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) impinges on both of these regulatory networks in human cells and is thus a possible drug target for treatment of cancer. Here, we use cryoelectron microscopy to describe the detailed molecular structure of the human CAK, revealing its architecture and the interactions between its regulatory elements. Additionally, we have obtained the structure of the CAK in complex with a small-molecule inhibitor.
Programming pluripotent stem cells: Can't teach an old cell new DNA replication tricks
Authors: Mouery Brandon L. , Mei Liu , Cook Jeanette Gowen
Published: August 2020

Pluripotent stem cells differentiate with varying efficiencies depending on the method of reprogramming that created them. In this issue, Paniza et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201909163) demonstrate that cells with lower differentiation potential retain some features of somatic DNA replication origin utilization and suffer more frequent DNA damage.
β-Catenin regulates tumor-derived PD-L1
Authors: Han Chuanhui , Fu Yang-Xin
Published: August 2020

In this issue of JEM, Du et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20191115) report that enhancement of the β-catenin signaling by Wnt or EGF treatment increases the expression of PD-L1 in an AKT and β-catenin–dependent manner, and blocking the AKT pathway synergizes with anti–PD-1 in a glioblastoma model.
Particle swarming of sensor correction filters
Authors: Carter Jonathan J , Cooper Samuel J , Thrift Edward , Briggs Joseph , Warner Jim , Ross Michael P , Mow-Lowry Conor M
Published: August 2020

Reducing the impact of seismic activity on the motion of suspended optics is essential for the operation of ground-based gravitational wave detectors. During periods of increased seismic activity, low-frequency ground translation and tilt cause the Advanced LIGO observatories to lose ‘lock’, reducing their duty cycles. This paper applies modern global-optimisation algorithms to aid in the design of the ‘sensor correction’ filter, used in the control of the active platforms. It is shown that a particle swarm algorithm that minimises a cost-function approximating the differential root mean squared velocity between platforms can produce control filters that perform better across most frequencies in the control bandwidth than those currently installed. These tests were conducted using training data from the LIGO Hanford Observatory seismic instruments and simulations of the Horizontal Access Module Internal Seismic Isolation platforms. These results show that new methods of producing control filters are ready for use at LIGO. The filters were implemented at LIGO’s Hanford Observatory, and use the resulting data to refine the cost function.
Magnetic and transport properties of new ternary uranium-based germanide U2Rh3Ge5
Authors: Li D X , Shimizu Y , Nakamura A , Maurya A , Sato Y J , Homma Y , Honda F , Aoki D
Published: August 2020

A new ternary uranium germanide U2Rh3Ge5 has been successfully synthesized and investigated by means of magnetic susceptibility χ(T, H), isothermal magnetization M(T, H), electrical resistivity ρ(T), and specific heat C(T, H) measurements. This compound is found to crystallize in the U2Co3Si5-type orthorhombic structure. The low-field χ(T) shows a clear peak at T
N = 41.5 K corresponding to an antiferromagnetic transition. The M(H) curve measured up to 70 kOe exhibits an H-linear behavior at 2 K with very small induced magnetic moments, while it shows upward curvature with increasing temperature, implying the possible presence of a metamagnetic transition in high-field region above 70 kOe. As the temperature decreases, ρ(T) increases slowly at T > T
N and decreases rapidly at T < T
N, which can be understood based on a semiconductor-like narrow band gap model (or the c-f hybridization effect) and an antiferromagnetic spin-wave model, respectively. No evidence of heavy-fermion behavior or superconductivity transition is observed at temperatures as low as 0.4 K. The obtained experimental results are discussed by comparing with those reported for the isomorphic compound U2Ir3Si5 and the quasi-isomorphic compound U2Rh3Si5.
Calibrating mirror-assisted multi-view digital image correlation system using a speckled planar object
Authors: Chen Bin , Pan Bing
Published: August 2020

Recently, a novel low-cost and easy-to-implement mirror-assisted multi-view digital image correlation (MV-DIC) technique that uses only a vertically arranged binocular stereo-digital image correlation (stereo-DIC) system and two planar mirrors was proposed for panoramic/dual-surface kinematic field measurements. The mirror-assisted MV-DIC, which is equivalent to a regular MV-DIC system comprising three/two identical stereo-DIC systems, can simultaneously measure three/two different regions of a test sample. To perform panoramic/dual-surface kinematic field measurements with this technique, one of the most important procedures is accurately calibrating the reflection transformation of each mirror to transform all measured regions to a common world coordinate system. Previous works calibrate the reflection transformation by decorating speckle patterns on the mirrors or adjusting the mirrors to various poses, which either occupies precious spatial resolution of the sensor or is complicated in implementation. In this work, an easy-to-implement and practical method that employs only a speckled planar object is proposed to calibrate the reflection transformation of the planar mirrors. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are well evaluated and validated. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method holds the advantage of being efficient in sensor utilization and simple in implementation and is therefore highly recommended for the practical use of the mirror-assisted MV-DIC technique.
Theoretical design of two-dimensional carbon nitrides
Authors: Kou Chunlei , Tian Yuanye , Gao Lili , Lu Mingchun , Zhang Miao , Liu Hanyu , Zhang Dandan , Cui Xiangyue , Yang Wensheng
Published: August 2020

The study of two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted considerable attention owing to their unique but fascinating properties. Here we systematically explored 2D carbon nitride monolayer sheets via the particle swarm optimization algorithm in combination with density functional theory. As a result of structural searches, four carbon nitride monolayers are predicted with stable stoichiometries of C5N2, C2N, C3N2 and CN. These predicted structures are semiconductors with an optimal band gap for solar cell application as indicated in our electronic simulations. Our current results also reveal the high tensile strengths of the predicted structures compared to known porous carbon nitride monolayer sheets. This work may provide a route for the design of 2D candidates in the application of photovoltaic materials.
Flexible planar supercapacitors by straightforward filtration and laser processing steps
Authors: Pitkänen Olli , Eraslan Toprak , Sebők Dániel , Szenti Imre , Kukovecz Ákos , Vajtai Robert , Kordas Krisztian
Published: August 2020

There is ever increasing demand for flexible energy storage devices due to the development of wearable electronics and other small electronic devices. The electrode flexibility is best provided by a special set of nanomaterials, but the required methodology typically consists of multiple steps and are designed just for the specific materials. Here, a facile and scalable method of making flexible and mechanically robust planar supercapacitors with interdigital electrode structure made of commercial carbon nanomaterials and silver nanowires is presented. The capacitor structure is achieved with vacuum filtration through a micropatterned contact mask and finished with simple laser processing steps. A maximum specific capacitance of 4 F cm−3 was measured with cyclic voltammetry at scan rate of 5 mV s−1. The reliability and charge transfer properties of devices were further investigated with galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Furthermore, mechanical bending tests confirmed the devices have excellent mechanical integrity, and the deformations have no adverse effects on the electrochemical charge-discharge behavior and stability.
Metal-insulator phase transition and topology in a three-component system*
Authors: Cheng Shujie , Gao Xianlong
Published: August 2020

Due to the topology, insulators become non-trivial, particularly those with large Chern numbers which support multiple edge channels, catching our attention. In the framework of the tight binding approximation, we study a non-interacting Chern insulator model on the three-component dice lattice with real nearest-neighbor and complex next-nearest-neighbor hopping subjected to Λ- or V-type sublattice potentials. By analyzing the dispersions of corresponding energy bands, we find that the system undergoes a metal–insulator transition which can be modulated not only by the Fermi energy but also the tunable extra parameters. Furthermore, rich topological phases, including the ones with high Hall plateau, are uncovered by calculating the associated band’s Chern number. Besides, we also analyze the edge-state spectra and discuss the correspondence between Chern numbers and the edge states by the principle of bulk-edge correspondence. In general, our results suggest that there are large Chern number phases with C = ± 3 and the work enriches the research about large Chern numbers in multiband systems.
Experimental investigation of electrode cycle performance and electrochemical kinetic performance under stress loading*
Authors: Liu Zi-Han , Kang Yi-Lan , Song Hai-Bin , Zhang Qian , Xie Hai-Mei
Published: August 2020

Lithium-ion batteries suffer from mechano–electrochemical coupling problems that directly determine the battery life. In this paper, we investigate the electrode electrochemical performance under stress conditions, where seven tensile/compressive stresses are designed and loaded on electrodes, thereby decoupling mechanics and electrochemistry through incremental stress loads. Four types of multi-group electrochemical tests under tensile/compressive stress loading and normal package loading are performed to quantitatively characterize the effects of tensile stress and compressive stress on cycle performance and the kinetic performance of a silicon composite electrode. Experiments show that a tensile stress improves the electrochemical performance of a silicon composite electrode, exhibiting increased specific capacity and capacity retention rate, reduced energy dissipation rate and impedances, enhanced reactivity, accelerated ion/electron migration and diffusion, and reduced polarization. Contrarily, a compressive stress has the opposite effect, inhibiting the electrochemical performance. The stress effect is nonlinear, and a more obvious suppression via compressive stress is observed than an enhancement via tensile stress. For example, a tensile stress of 675 kPa increases diffusion coefficient by 32.5%, while a compressive stress reduces it by 35%. Based on the experimental results, the stress regulation mechanism is analyzed. Tensile stress loads increase the pores of the electrode material microstructure, providing more deformation spaces and ion/electron transport channels. This relieves contact compressive stress, strengthens diffusion/reaction, and reduces the degree of damage and energy dissipation. Thus, the essence of stress enhancement is that it improves and optimizes diffusion, reaction and stress in the microstructure of electrode material as well as their interactions via physical morphology.
Effects of dipolar interactions on the magnetic hyperthermia of Zn0.3Fe2.7O4 nanoparticles with different sizes*
Authors: Yu Xiang , Mi Yan , Wang Li-Chen , Li Zheng-Rui , Wu Di-An , Liu Ruo-Shui , He Shu-Li
Published: August 2020

Tumor-targeted magnetic hyperthermia has recently attracted much attention. Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are heat mediator nanoprobes in magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment. In this paper, single cubic spinel structural Zn0.3Fe2.7O4 magnetic NPs with sizes of 14 nm–20 nm were synthesized, followed by coating with SiO2 shell. The SLP value of Zn0.3Fe2.7O4/SiO2 NPs below 20 nm changes non-monotonically with the concentration of solution under the alternating current (AC) magnetic field of 430 kHz and 27 kA/m. SLP values of all Zn0.3Fe2.7O4/SiO2 NPs appear a peak value with change of solution concentration. The solution concentrations with optimal SLP value decrease with increasing magnetic core size. This work can give guidance to the better prediction and control of the magnetic hyperthermia performance of materials in clinical applications.
Review of Physical Layer Security Technology in Battlefield Network
Authors: Wu Jialong , Ren Qinghua , Li Ming , Fan Zhikai , Zhang Guangda
Published: August 2020

Global openness of battlefield network makes it face many security threats, the physical security technology can provide an important support to traditional security system and strong protection to messages transmission, studying its application in battlefield network is of great significance. In view of the current and future network development trend, this paper studies the physical layer security problem from the perspective of battlefield network under modern warfare conditions, summarizes and analyzes the basic model of physical layer security, sorts out and introduces the physical layer security technology of wireless communication, and finally summarizes the risks and challenges still faced by the physical layer of the current battlefield network.
Optimizing File Transfer in Distributed Storage System Based on Reconfiguration of Storage Structure
Authors: Li Kai , Chen Shouming , Chen Yingda , Zhong Susheng , Huang Kaitong , He Minnuo , Yang Lixin , Li Bo , Yan Yi
Published: August 2020

Distributed storage is the storage part of distributed computing. It is an easy-to-expand and virtualized storage resource pool. In order to meet the needs of large-scale storage structure applications, reliable mass data storage services are provided. Redundant data storage is needed to deal with the data unreliability caused by node failure. The lower the cost of file transmission, the less traffic generated in the network. According to the time logic, the regeneration process is divided into stages: data distribution, data encoding and decoding, data transmission and data reconstruction. The feedback mechanism can reduce the overhead of acquiring the load information of the data server node while ensuring the real-time performance. The determination of the activity factor function of the data block access frequency statistics needs to be established in the performance adaptability of the data block activity factor and the specific access times. The single-point dependency of the centralized storage system on the primary node is changed, which reduces the waiting delay of concurrent users and the average memory usage of the metadata server.
New infinite families of Nth-order superintegrable systems separating in Cartesian coordinates
Authors: Escobar-Ruiz A M , Linares R , Winternitz P
Published: August 2020

A study is presented of superintegrable quantum systems in two-dimensional Euclidean space E
2 allowing the separation of variables in Cartesian coordinates. In addition to the Hamiltonian H and the second order integral of motion X, responsible for the separation of variables, they allow a third integral that is a polynomial of order N (N ⩾ 3) in the components p
1, p
2 of the linear momentum. We focus on doubly exotic potentials, i.e. potentials V(x, y) = V
1(x) + V
2(y) where neither V
1(x) nor V
2(y) satisfy any linear ordinary differential equation (ODE). We present two new infinite families of superintegrable systems in E
2 with integrals of order N for which V
1(x) and V
2(y) are given by the solution of a nonlinear ODE that passes the Painlevé test. This was verified for 3 ⩽ N ⩽ 10. We conjecture that this will hold for any doubly exotic potential and for all N, and that moreover the potentials will always actually have the Painlevé property.
Developing Non- Linear Relationship Among Factors Affecting the Rutting Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixtures Using Two Parameter Weibull Distribution
Authors: Ashfaq Fatima , Hafeez Imran , Hussan Sabahat
Published: August 2020

This paper illustrates a novel approach to determine the probabilistic rutting in asphalt mixtures based on Weibull distribution statistical approach. In this paper, thirty wearing course asphalt mixtures prepared using different binder grades and aggregate sources, are analysed. Cooper Wheel tracker Test (CWTT)and Asphalt pavement analyser (APA) have been used to ascertain the rutting potential of asphalt mixtures with varying binder grade and aggregate source. Mixtures are then ranked based on their rutting susceptibility. The obtained data is processed using two parametric Weibull approach. Scale and shape parameters are figured out by multiple regression technique. Test results are analysed using goodness of fit test. Results indicate that rut depth predicted from two parameter Weibull distribution technique corelates well with the actual rut depth with R2 value of 0.88 for both cooper wheel tracker and asphalt pavement analyser test. It has been found that Weibull distribution bests fit the NHA-A, NHA-B and SP-B graded mixtures with NRL 60/70 at 50°C. A good correlation has been observed between Cooper Wheel tracker and Asphalt pavement analyser as translated by R2 of 0.86. This research is important in a sense that several agencies have adopted rutting as a failure criteria for flexible pavements. By mathematically modelling the rutting response, predicting the rutting behaviour of mastics becomes simpler and more efficient in approach.
Self-commissioning of induction motor drives-A critical review
Authors: Chougala Arati , Nemali Keerthi , Jadhav Sonal , Vora Dhruval , Raja Singh R , Rajesh Kanna R
Published: August 2020

Now days efficient performance of machinery is must need especially in industry. Variable speed drives are used to drive the motor efficiently. Control strategy of variable speed drive plays an important role in it. So, it should be selected carefully according to the application. For controlling of motor encoders are used generally, but due to some disadvantages estimation techniques are used in recent time. Also estimation techniques having too types online and offline. For accurate estimation online parameter estimation technique is used, but they are little bit complex. That is also called self-commissioning of the motor. Here in this paper two techniques for self-commissioning of induction motor from different manufactures are compared. For Danfoss frequency injection method and for Rockwell voltage current lag angle method is used. Review on both these methods is presented in this paper.
Review of Power Factor Correction (PFC) AC/DC-DC Power Electronic Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Bharathidasan M. , Indragandhi V.
Published: August 2020

This article fully discusses the general review on power factor correction of single-phase AC/DC-DC power electronic converters for electric vehicle applications. To magnify power quality in the declaration of Power Factor Correction (PFC) make the proposal of assorted for demand of solid-state DC-DC converters. These converters are look forward to minimize the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) at the both input and output side and then to synchronize the DC voltage in DC-DC converters representation of both Uni/Bi-Directional power flow are analyzed. A complete review of Improved Power Quality Converter (IPQC) configuration, design feature, and specific value of selection are presented in this paper. The battery charger necessity to have a converter flow of power ability, a solution needs for an on/off-board charger of an Electric Vehicles (EVs).Due to high power density and efficiency, a DC-DC converters is preferred for medium power and high voltage applications, the most attractive feature of DC-DC converters that makes it suitable for handling medium power supplies is its soft-switching capability. This paper is aimed to research, design and to improve the working applications on clean energy and smart grid field.
Power Monitoring and Control System for Medium Voltage Smart Grid Using IoT
Authors: Babu Challa , Dinesh Kumar D. , Kumar K , Jyotheeshwara Reddy K , Sudha R
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a power monitoring and control system for a medium voltage smart grid system. The smart grid interconnects the power sources between solar PV panel and 220V distribution network. This system consisting major components of inverters, measuring meters, solar charge controllers, relays, Arduino NANO and Raspberry Pi. The Current, power and energy readings are duly recorded. The Internet of Things (IoT) plays the vital role in the data communication between the sensors and electric power system. The voltage and current sensor data is used for the protection of power system network. In the traditional systems only the communication is uni-directional. The reliability of power supply is increased by used the bi directional network communication medium such as IoT. The tabulated results of voltage levels between 203.5V up to 212.8V shows the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed design. The proposed IoT model demonstrated the bidirectional communication from the sensors to the control unit and vice versa.
Design of a Microgrid Architecture for Rental E-Bike Charging Stations
Authors: Bhatti Ghanishtha , Raja Singh R
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on developing a sustainable charging station for public motorbike rental services. Electric motorbikes or electric bicycles (both referred to as E-bike) are compact electric vehicles which are primarily battery powered and driven solely by electric motors. The work proposes a microgrid architecture to develop a novel model for the rental E-bike charging station that acts as a charger for multiple nodes simultaneously as well as acting as a docking/parking station for these vehicles. The model has been built to propose a system which increases the energy savings to rental companies while reducing reliance on public grid during peak hours. The use of distributed generation makes the system more resistant to failure while moving towards a future of eco-friendly and power efficient technology.
Energy Optimal Intelligent Switching Mechanism for Induction Motors with Time Varying Load
Authors: Raja Singh R. , Thanga Raj C. , Palka Ryszard , Indragandhi V. , Wardach Marcin , Paplicki Piotr
Published: August 2020

In medium and small process industries Induction Motor (IMs) enabled star-delta energy conservation scheme is a common practice. In such industrial applications, the Power Quality Disturbances (PQD) must be considered for hassle free operation. This paper is an attempt in the above direction on star-delta energy conservation applied to IMS (2.2 kW and 37.5 kW) operated with time varying loads. In apart to machine’s performance evaluation, variation of switchover point for uninterrupted operation and optimized energy savings under various electrical perturbations is realized. Moreover, safe restarting feature is equipped in controller for resuming the machine during unplanned shutdown or any interruption.
Study of RCD on Industrial Commercial and Residential Electrical Safety – A Hazard Awareness
Authors: Devadas Preethi , Abeth Rathi , Singh Shruthi , Siluvairajan Abeth , Singh Raja
Published: August 2020

Every human relies on electricity to power the operation and comfort of their businesses and homes. And they expect their electrical installations to be secure, to protect people from the risk of shock or electrocution, and to protect buildings against the risk of electrical fire. Although the municipal laws on electrical health and defensive equipment continue to improve, many risks still remain today. Hence the paper reflects on the real development in the electrical safety industry through innovative engineering technologies covering all sorts of industrial, business, residential safety. Thus, during the electrical faults, the paper studies the function and importance of highly sensitive residual current device (RCD) and its defensive techniques. RCD is a protective device that detect the electrical faults and switch off the electricity automatically.