bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The targeted delivery of chitosan nanoparticles to treat indoxacarb: induced lung fibrosis in rats
Authors: Ali Naglaa A. , Kishta Mohamed S. , Fekry Mohamed , Mohamed Safaa H.
Published: November 2022

Background

This study evaluated the effects of chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs) on indoxacarb (INDOX)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in in vivo and in vitro models. In in vivo studies, 40 male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats/group): Group 1, normal control; Group 2, INDOX (600 mg/kg b.w.); Group 3, Ch-NPs (2 mg/kg b.w.); and Group 4, Ch-NPs + INDOX. Characterization of Ch-NPs was done measuring dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and antioxidant activity studies after various Ch-NPs treatments. From in vitro studies, the impact of Ch-NPs on A549 lung carcinoma cell proliferation was also examined.

Results

Our data indicated that INDOX provoked considerable lung damage as indicated by decreased antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, increased production of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde serum levels, elevated myeloperoxidase activity, increased hydroxyproline and cytokeratin-19 serum levels, and significantly upregulated matrix metallopeptidase-9 and microRNA-101 gene expression levels when compared with controls. Furthermore, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations of cyclooxygenase-2 in the lung tissue revealed marked inflammation, severe fibrosis, and neutrophil infiltration. Critically, Ch-NPs treatment significantly reversed INDOX-induced changes in lung biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical outcomes.

Conclusion

Therefore, Ch-NPs may function as potential therapeutic drugs for lung fibrosis owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities with neutrophil infiltration.
Prescribed fire in longleaf pine ecosystems: fire managers’ perspectives on priorities, constraints, and future prospects
Authors: Kupfer John A. , Lackstrom Kirsten , Grego John M. , Dow Kirstin , Terando Adam J. , Hiers J. Kevin
Published: November 2022

Background

Projected trajectories of climate and land use change over the remainder of the twenty-first century may result in conditions and situations that require flexible approaches to conservation planning and practices. For example, prescribed burning is a widely used management tool for promoting longer-term resilience and sustainability in longleaf pine ecosystems of the southeastern United States, but regional stressors such as climatic warming, changing fire conditions, and an expanding wildland-urban interface may challenge its application. To facilitate the development of fire management strategies that account for such changes, we surveyed nearly 300 fire managers to elicit information on the criteria used for prioritizing burn sites, current burning practices and constraints, and expectations for changes in burning opportunities, including those pertaining to climate change and urban growth.

Results

Respondents noted that their most common criteria for selecting longleaf pine stands for burning were fire history, ecosystem health, and fuel reduction, with the presence of threatened and endangered species also given priority by public land managers. Many respondents (38%) cited recent burn frequencies that fall short of historic burn intervals. Barriers to burning included legal, institutional, and managerial constraints, such as proximity to human developments, public concerns, and risk aversion, as well as environmental and resource constraints, including weather, air quality restrictions, and lack of personnel, equipment, or funding. Roughly half of all respondents expect that opportunities to burn will be reduced over the next 30 years, particularly during the growing season. Fire manager perceptions of factors that will limit prescribed burning in the future include a similar suite of constraints, many of which will be affected by projected regional changes in land use and climate.

Conclusions

On an organizational level, burn window availability and resource limitations constrain prescribed burning practices. More broadly, policy and legal frameworks coupled with trends in urbanization and climate change are expected to interact with operational constraints to challenge managers’ abilities to implement landscape-scale burning strategies and achieve restoration goals. Additional research and engagement with fire managers are needed to investigate opportunities for introducing policy flexibility, leveraging shared management interests, and developing creative solutions to expand burning opportunities.
Development of nanoemulsion of antiviral drug for brain targeting in the treatment of neuro-AIDS
Authors: Nemade S. M. , Kakad S. P. , Kshirsagar S. J. , Padole T. R.
Published: November 2022

Background

Delivery of drugs via the nasal route directly to the brain utilizing the olfactory pathway is purportedly known to be a more efficient method to deliver neuro-therapeutics to the brain by circumventing the BBB, thereby increasing the bioavailability of these drugs in the brain. The main objective of the project work is to improve the bioavailability of the antiretroviral drug and to minimize the side effects of this therapy which are observed at the higher side in the chronic HIV treatment. The advantage of nasal drug delivery is its noninvasiveness and self-administration. Nanoformulation provides fast onset of action and helps to achieve site-specific delivery. In the current work, nanoemulsion formulation was developed with a ternary phase system. In vitro characterization of nanoemulsion was performed.

Result

Optimized batch B2 had a zeta potential of − 18.7 mV showing a stable emulsion system and a particle size of 156.2 nmin desirable size range. Batch B2 has the least variation in globule size with PDI 0.463. Results from ex vivo studies revealed that developed nanoemulsion (B2) possessed a higher rate of drug release compared to other formulations.

Conclusion

Phase diagrams indicated more width of the nanoemulsion region with an increase in surfactant ratio. Stable nanoemulsion was prepared with a combination of surfactant and co-surfactants. Nanoemulsions could prove one of the best alternatives for brain delivery of potent medications.

Graphical Abstract
Light cupula phenomenon: a systematic review
Authors: Bal Nilüfer , Altun Melike , Kuru Elif , Basoz Behmen Meliha , Gedik Toker Ozge
Published: November 2022

Geotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus (DCPN) is transient in lateral semicircular canal (LSSK) canalolithiasis; it usually cuts off within a minute and fatigues. However, a “light cupula” mechanism has been described for patients with positional vertigo who exhibit a persistent geotropic DCPN without delay or fatigue. When the cupula becomes lighter than the surrounding endolymph, deflection may occur in the cupula under the influence of gravity. The person experiences dizziness and persistent positional nystagmus can be observed while remaining in that position.

In this review, studies investigating the “light cupula phenomenon,” which is a newly defined phenomenon in the literature, were compiled. A systematic literature search was conducted on the light cupula phenomenon in PubMed and Google Scholar databases to illuminate the clinical side of this new phenomenon and reveal its distinctive features. Turkish and English articles published between 2010 and 2021 were scanned; the thesis, reviews, and books were excluded from the study. Forty-eight articles were included in the study.

Mechanisms underlying light cupula has been explained as the “heavier endolymph hypothesis” with increased endolymph specific gravity due to an acute attack such as labyrinth hemorrhage, insufficient inner ear perfusion, or inflammation in the inner ear; “lighter cupula hypothesis” based on alcohol acting on the cupula earlier and making it lighter than the endolymph; “light particle hypothesis” due to the buoyancy of light debris, which are degenerative, swollen, and inflammatory cells in the endolymph adhering to the cupula and the “altered endolymph/perilymph density ratio hypothesis” that the difference in density between perilymph and endolymph causes light cupula. The pathophysiology of the light cupula phenomenon is still unclear, but it can be thought that all the different hypotheses may be effective in this phenomenon. Therefore, nystagmus characteristics and clinical course should be considered in patients for a more effective diagnosis and treatment process. In addition, the results of the studies show that light cupula may not be an uncommon disease and that some patients with geotropic DCPN can often be misdiagnosed as canalolithiasis LSCC-BPPV.
Outcomes of coblation tonsillectomy versus bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy in pediatric population
Authors: Eltelety Ahmad M. , Swelam Mohamed E. , Dewidar Hazem M. , El Batawi Ahmed M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy has been the preferred technique for many otolaryngologists, yet coblation tonsillectomy is gaining popularity in the current practice. This study aims at comparing both techniques in terms of pain, bleeding, and healing.

Results

A total of 120 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Overall mean pain score associated with coblation tonsillectomy was statistically less than that caused by bipolar electrocautery throughout the follow-up period (p < 0.001). The difference in pain duration was statistically longer for the bipolar group. The incidence of postoperative hemorrhage—both reactionary and secondary—was statistically higher in the bipolar group. Coblation tonsillectomy showed statistically shorter duration of healing (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Coblation tonsillectomy is associated with less pain severity and shorter pain duration, fewer bleeding incidents, and more prompt healing.
Idiopathic acquired dacryocystocele in an adult: case report of a rare entity
Authors: Kothandaraman Kirubakaran , Gupta Rijuneeta
Published: November 2022

Background

Idiopathic acquired dacryocystocele in adults is a rare disorder of the lacrimal drainage pathway. Only 20 cases have been reported in the literature. It presents with a triad of epiphora, medial canthal swelling, and recurrent dacryocystitis. Patients presenting without recurrent dacryocystitis is quite uncommon. This presentation can be confused with secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and other non-inflammatory pathologies. Dacryocystorhinostomy with stenting is the treatment employed in most reported cases.

Case presentation

A 24-year-old male presented with epiphora and medial canthal swelling for 3 years. Examination revealed features of left nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Imaging was suggestive of a cystic, homogenous, non-enhancing lesion in the left lacrimal sac region without bone destruction. Findings were suggestive of dacryocystocele. Patient underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy without stenting. Postoperatively, the swelling and epiphora resolved. Patient is symptom-free on follow-up.

Conclusion

Idiopathic dacryocystocele must be considered in evaluation of a medial canthal mass with epiphora without dacryocystitis. Conservative treatment is ineffective. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is safe and effective.
Exploring the Role of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis BIRC6 in Breast Cancer: A Database Analysis
Authors: Gómez Bergna Santiago M. , Marchesini Abril , Amorós Morales Leslie C. , Arrías Paula N. , Farina Hernán G. , Romanowski Víctor , Gottardo M. Florencia , Pidre Matias L.
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE

The aim of the present work was to investigate the role of apoptosis inhibitor BIRC6 (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6) in breast cancer (BC), focusing particularly on its involvement in the metastatic cascade.

METHODS

We analyzed BIRC6 mRNA expression levels and copy number variations in three BC databases from The Cancer Genome Atlas comparing clinical and molecular attributes. Genomic analysis was performed using the cBioPortal platform, whereas transcriptomic studies (mRNA expression levels, correlation heatmaps, survival plots, and gene ontology) were performed using USC Xena and R. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.

RESULTS

Our bioinformatic analyses showed that there was a differential expression of BIRC6 in cancer samples when compared with normal samples. Copy number variations that involve amplification and gain of BIRC6 gene were correlated with negative hormone receptor tumors, higher prognostic indexes, younger age at diagnosis, and both chemotherapy and radiotherapy administration. Transcriptomic and gene ontology analyses showed that, under conditions of high BIRC6 mRNA levels, there are differential expression patterns in apoptotic, proliferation, and metastatic pathways.

CONCLUSION

In summary, our in silico data suggest that BIRC6 plays an antiapoptotic, pro-proliferative, and apparent prometastatic role and could be a relevant molecular target for treatment of BC tumors.
Brain Vasculature Color-Labeling Using the Triple-Injection Method in Cadaveric Heads: A Technical Note for Improved Teaching and Research in Neurovascular Anatomy
Authors: Smith Kathleen , Ventre Giancarlo J. , Palmisciano Paolo , Hussein Ahmed E. , Hoz Samer S. , Forbes Jonathan A. , Lowrie Donald J. , Zuccarello Mario , Andaluz Norberto , Prestigiacomo Charles J.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Color-labeling injections of cadaveric heads have revolutionized education and teaching of neurovascular anatomy. Silicone-based and latex-based coloring techniques are currently used, but limitations exist because of the viscosity of solutions used.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe a novel “triple-injection method” for cadaveric cranial vasculature and perform qualitative and semiquantitative evaluations of colored solution penetration into the vasculature.

METHODS:

After catheter preparation, vessel cannulation, and water irrigation of embalmed cadaveric heads, food coloring, gelatin, and silicone solutions were injected in sequential order into bilateral internal carotid and vertebral arteries (red-colored) and internal jugular veins (blue-colored). In total, 6 triple-injected embalmed cadaveric heads and 4 silicone-based “control” embalmed cadaveric heads were prepared. A qualitative analysis was performed to compare the vessel coloring of 6 triple-injected heads with that of 4 “control” heads. A semiquantitative evaluation was completed to appraise sizes of the smallest color-filled vessels.

RESULTS:

Naked-eye and microscope evaluations of embalmed experimental and control cadaveric heads revealed higher intensity and more distal color-labeling following the “triple-injection method” compared with the silicone-based method in both the intracranial and extracranial vasculature. Microscope assessment of 1-mm-thick coronal slices of triple-injected brains demonstrated color-filling of distal vessels with minimum diameters of 119 μm for triple-injected heads and 773 μm for silicone-based injected heads.

CONCLUSION:

Our “triple-injection method” showed superior color-filling of small-sized vessels as compared with the silicone-based injection method, resulting in more distal penetration of smaller caliber vessels.
Functional Outcome Following Proximal Tibial Osteosarcoma Resection and Reconstruction by Modular Endoprosthesis
Authors: Ebeid Walid Atef , Hassan Mohammad Hassan Abd-Ellatif
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The proximal tibia is a common location for osteosarcoma. Modular endoprosthesis is a popular reconstructive option, yet it has been associated with many complications. Our study aimed to evaluate the functional outcome and complications of proximal tibial osteosarcoma patients treated by limb salvage using modular endoprosthesis.

Methods

A retrospective study of a prospective database was performed during the period between January 2000 and July 2017. Fifty-five patients with proximal tibial osteosarcoma underwent resection and modular endoprosthetic reconstruction. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal tumor society scoring system and knee range of motion. Postoperative complications were classified according to Henderson classification; Type 1 (soft tissue failure), Type 2 (aseptic loosening), Type 3 (structural failure), Type 4 (infection) and Type 5 (local tumor progression).

Results

The mean follow-up period was 71.69 ± 49.76 months. The mean musculoskeletal tumor society score was 26.5 ± 2.22; the mean range of motion was 72.63 ± 25.07, and the mean extension lag was 15.09 ± 15.38. Type 1, type 2, type 3, type 4, and type 5 complications occurred in 7.3%, 14.5%, 21.8%, 23.6%, and 5.5%, respectively. Chest metastasis developed in 10 patients (18.2%). The estimated 5-year and 10-year survival rates for the treated patients were 83.6% and 79.9%.

Conclusions

Proximal tibial osteosarcoma reconstruction with a modular endoprosthesis is a reliable treatment option for retaining limb function. Most complications are manageable.
Clinical effect of minimally invasive technique of internal fixation device removal in patients with healed long tubular bone fractures
Authors: Li Chaoyi , Lin Wei , Wu Guozhi , Zhang Linkang , Zhang Pijun
Published: December 2022

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive technique applied to internal fixation removal in patients with healed long tubular bone fractures.

Methods: The records of patients with internal fixation of long tubular bone fracture who underwent the removal of the internal fixation device after fracture healing in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from May 2020 to December 2021 were reviewed. According to the different operation methods of taking out the internal fixation device, patients were divided into minimally invasive group (n=40) and traditional group (n=45). The perioperative indexes, levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and complications were compared between the two groups.

Results: The drainage volume, bleeding volume, incision length and hospital stay in the minimally invasive group were significantly lower than those in the traditional group (P<0.05). The KPS score of minimally invasive group was significantly higher than that of traditional group at one week and one month after the operation, and the VAS score of minimally invasive group was significantly lower than that of traditional group at one day and one week after the operation (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α and CRP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). There was one case of infection in the minimally invasive group, one case of secondary fracture and two cases of infection in the traditional group(P>0.05).

Conclusions: Minimally invasive surgery for the removal of the internal fixation device in patients with healed long tubular bone fractures with internal fixation is associated with significantly improved clinical effect, relieved symptoms, reduced inflammatory response, and improved functional recovery of patients.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6967

How to cite this: Li C, Lin W, Wu G, Zhang L, Zhang P. Clinical effect of minimally invasive technique of internal fixation device removal in patients with healed long tubular bone fractures. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):91-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6967

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
OPTIMIZATION AND STATE FORECASTING IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Lvovich Yakov Ye. , Preobrazhenskiy Andrey P. , Avetisyan Tatiana V.
Published: December 2022

Optimization of transport work is necessary in case of uncontrollable growth of the described costs. The process of optimizing transport costs at the enterprise begins with an analysis of the current logistics strategy and collection of recommendations for its correction. The following aspects of the transport system of the company are subject to analysis: the method of movement of goods; the choice of vehicle type and its specific model; the selection of the carrier company and other logistics intermediaries; the layout of the company’s storage terminals. An optimized transport system can reduce the cost of production and sales of products and increase staff efficiency.

There are three main directions in which innovations will ensure the reduction of costs for cargo and passenger transportation: the choice of optimal vehicles, the selection of optimally located unloading and loading points, the analysis of the feasibility of own fleet of vehicles.

The paper considers the possibilities of transport system management under the condition of external influences. An illustration of the algorithm scheme of solving the optimization problem related to the choice of initial actions is given. The possibility of using prognostic models is shown.

The approaches proposed in the work can be useful in improving the performance of various transportation systems.
THE USE OF CUMNCO BRAZING ALLOY FOR THE FORMATION OF AN ADHESIVE LAYER, LAYERED COMPOSITE COATING (CUMNCO-TINIZR) BY HIGH-SPEED FLAME SPRAYING WITH FINISHING HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENTS (HFC) TREATMENT COATING (CUMNCO-TINIZR)-SUBSTRATE (ST45) TO INCREASE ADHE
Authors: Balaev Etibar Yusif Ogli , Klepikov Dmitriy A. , Eliseev Vladimir N. , Shilov German V.
Published: December 2022

The article takes into account the technological structure according to the structure of the formation of composite coating layers on the substrate surface, consisting of an adhesive layer, which is a CuMnCo solder, and an essentially functional layer based on alloys with thermoelastic alloys of TiNiZr compounds, using high-speed flame spraying technologies. Warehousing by processing the substrate with a composite coating with high-frequency currents (HFC), thin heating of the coating and the surface of parts to the melting temperature of the CuMnCo adhesive layer (T = 1030˚C). results of studying the structure and results of elemental analysis of a substrate with a layered composite coating in three zones: substrate; adhesive layer; functional layer after HFC processing. The structure of the interface between the layers and the adhesion line of the coating/substrate, as well as the line of destruction as a result of a combination of their residual traces after HFC treatment.

Purpose is to justify the use of a high-temperature solder composition for adhesion between the substrate and the dense coating thickness.

Methodology of the work contains according to the technology of soldering ceramic plates on the body of the cutter, there was a cosmetic solder composition as an adhesive layer on the experimental sample, after some thin sample was treated with HFC.

Results. Recommendations on the selection of the composition of the solder and the technology of application and processing of HFC for the adhesive layer for various materials of the substrate and the functional layer and coating were present.

Practical implications. Technology is an increased adhesive strength of surfaces with parts, which in turn expands the scope of the thermal spraying technology and can be applied to its type.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE PASSAGE OF HEAVY TRAINS ON THE THROUGHPUT AND CARRYING CAPACITY OF RAILWAY SECTIONS WITH ELECTRIC TRAIN TRACTION
Authors: Shirokova Valentina V. , Kuzmina Natalya A. , Odudenko Tatyana A. , Sankova Galina V.
Published: December 2022

The criterion for the effectiveness of the organization of heavy traffic on the sections of the Russian railway network is the presence of large correspondences of bulk goods presented by the consignor for transportation. An obstacle to the development of a promising cargo traffic are areas with limited throughput and carrying capacity, the overcoming of which is the organization of heavy traffic. All countries that have railways, at a certain stage of development, face capacity constraints. Summarizing the world experience, we can conclude that the priority in the development of increasing volumes of “heavy cargo” is increasing the weight norms of freight trains. The problem of passing heavy trains for Russian Railways is urgent, because the capacity of some sections has exhausted itself completely. The very timely appearance of heavy traffic becomes one of the options for solving the problem of increasing the carrying capacity of sections and directions and, as a result, creating a reserve of carrying capacity. In this article, a study of the influence of their movement on the carrying capacity and carrying capacity has been carried out.

Aim. To consider the effectiveness of the formation and passage of heavy trains. The influence of the organization of the movement of such trains on the throughput and carrying capacity of railway sections.

Methods. To solve the problem, graphic and analytical methods of mathematical modeling, scientific methods of collecting and processing statistical data, modern achievements in terms of general principles and methods of risk management was used.

Results. The authors have developed a formula for determining the rate of removal of freight trains. The analysis of the influence of the values of the inter-train intervals of freight trains and heavy trains on the removal rate is given.

Practical relevance. As the main alternative to increasing the size of traffic on the main cargo-intensive directions, with a shortage of traffic capacity, it is proposed to use the technology of heavy traffic. In modern market conditions, an increase in the weight and length of a freight train is one of the main reserves for increasing throughput and carrying capacity. By passing heavy trains, we get an increase in carrying capacity. In the article, we prove the consistency of these measures. The increase in carrying and carrying capacity is considered in the context of increasing unified weight standards.
Vaccination against HPV (Human Papilloma virus) for women - why is it still recommended and not obligatory in Poland?
Authors: Dubel Julia , Dubel Robert , Ruszel Kinga , Czekaj Aleksandra , Namroży Natalia
Published: November 2022

The most common sexually transmitted viral infection in the world is human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 100 types of HPV, both cutaneous and mucosal, have been characterized. Some HPV genotypes are the cause of cancer, which emphasizes the importance of infection prevention, including the use of vaccination against human papilloma virus.The following work aims to emphasize the role of vaccination in the prevention of HPV infection, discuss the transmission routes of this pathogen as well as diagnostics and treatment methods.
Cardiometabolic consequences of PCOS
Authors: Podgórska Klaudia , Puła Aleksandra , Krzysiek Urszula , Artykiewicz Klaudia , Gorczyca Kamila , Kozieł Paweł , Grodkiewicz Maria , Słupczyńska Aleksandra , Urbaś Weronika , Czarkowski Marcin
Published: November 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder in terms of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. It is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of childbearing age. The development of symptoms and the degree of severity in the course of the disease are the results of changes in the ovaries which may be caused by many genetic, metabolic, neuroendocrine, and environmental factors. The main clinical manifestations are menstrual disorders, difficulties with becoming pregnant, and changes related to hyperandrogenism, e.g., acne, hirsutism. Recognition is above mainly based on Rotterdam criteria.A comprehensive explanation of pathophysiology is still lacking. Nevertheless, it probably is a multifactorial condition with a genetic component. Women suffering from PCOS experience lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, which lead to insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and cardiac complications. Insulin resistance affects 65-70% of women and not only plays a significant role in the development of the disease but also contributes to the development of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Potential mechanisms of hypertension in PCOS include endothelial dysfunction, increased aldosterone, and excess testosterone secretion, whereas lipid abnormalities consist of reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), increased triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). All of these factors cause high cardiovascular risk. Currently, therapy considers both lifestyle improvements and medications and must be tailored on a case-by-case basis.  It is very important not to consider PCOS only in the context of gynecological and endocrine diseases, but also metabolic changes and cardiovascular diseases. Treatment of PCOS should be individualized and dependent on the predominant disorders, as well as the short- and long-term goals chosen. It also should take the prevention of cardiovascular diseases into account.
Los riesgos de la masculinidad: revisión bibliográfica de la violencia masculina y su prevención en contextos educativos.
Authors: Coveña Mejías Francisco
Published: December 2022

La violencia es interseccional a la raza, la identidad sexual, al sexo, la edad, la educación y la clase socioeconómica, y es asociada principalmente al género masculino. Esta violencia afecta directamente a las mujeres, en menor medida a las personas de diversas orientaciones e identidades de género-sexuales disidentes, y en mayor proporción, a los hombres. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir, a través de una revisión bibliográfica narrativa, datos y reflexiones provenientes de diferentes fuentes institucionales chilenas y académicas sobre la masculinidad como un factor de riesgo para la violencia de género ejercida por los hombres. Hemos agregado encuestas e informes institucionales como el Centro de Estudios y Análisis del Delito (2020), y el Informe Anual de Derechos Humanos de la Diversidad Sexual y de Género en Chile, Hechos 2018 del Movimiento de Integración y Liberación Homosexual (Movilh, 2018). Finalmente, las implicancias de la violencia masculina como factor de riesgo se enlazan al contexto de la prevención de la violencia en educación.
Pogotowie Harcerek w Krakowie – Zagadnienia węzłowe
Authors: Pankowicz Andrzej
Published: December 2022

The Scouting Service in Krakow is a unique phenomenon in the history of women’s scouting. It arose on the basis of the experience of the scout service in the days of the rebirth of Polish statehood. The article is an analysis of the ethos and various fields of activity of girl scouts in the last months before the outbreak of World War II and their involvement during its duration. Three types of activity were distinguished in them: care for the sick, communication service and economic and administrative service, which under the conditions of occupation were prepared for the time of the breakthrough and return to life in a free country
Dzieciństwo i początki działalności harcerskiej Andrzeja Pankowicza – Wspomnienie
Authors: Myślik Paweł
Published: December 2022

The essay is a recollection of the beginnings of friendship and the childhood years of its author and Professor Andrzej Pankowicz. It presents family customs, places to play together and the beginnings of scouting activity. An important element of the memories is the recall of Andrzej Pankowicz’s personality from his childhood and youth. The information is illustrated with photographs, mainly from the author’s private archive.
Po co nam pluralizm w mediach?
Authors: Nowińska Ewa
Published: December 2022

The press possesses a substantial ability to influence governmental decisions and has a significant impact on the development of public opinion, especially in the context of contemporary technological achievements. The primary purpose of the media, which was accurately named the “fourth estate” almost 200 years ago, is to act as an information and opinion intermediary between the society and the government, while at the same time to exercise social control over the actions of those who are in power and run the country. However, independent journalism is only able to exercise the above- -mentioned control effectively if values such as freedom of speech, as well as freedom of media and media pluralism are protected by the state. These rules, alongside the right to possess and share information, are the pillars of democracy and civil society, and are integral to the construct of the rule of law. The article analyses the structure of the constitutional principles, which ensure the proper functioning of a pluralistic press system and freedom of media, as well as the restrictions placed on these principles, on the example of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of April 2nd, 1997, while also taking the views of the Polish legal doctrine and the case law of Polish and European courts into consideration. Furthermore, the text also considers the controversial project of a new law providing for the introduction of a media advertising tax in Poland, which harms entrepreneurs conducting business in the field of press.
Regulacja ochrony tajemnic przedsiębiorstwa w postępowaniach w sprawach własności intelektualnej – uwagi krytyczne
Authors: Pinkalski Zbigniew
Published: December 2022

Adoption of the amendment to the Polish Code of Civil Procedure introducing a new model of proceedings in cases related to intellectual property was eagerly anticipated by the practitioners. One of the essential elements of this regulation was to strengthen the protection of trade secrets in the course of court proceedings. This issue is often of key importance in intellectual property litigation, because the risk of uncontrolled leakage of confidential information may discourage the potential plaintiff from filing a lawsuit. On the other hand, from the perspective of the defendant, the occurrence of such a threat may also have negative consequences. This article aims to determine whether the new regulation adequately addresses the abovementioned concerns. The EU Directive 2016/943 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and commercial information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure was also taken into account in this evaluation.
Pozycja pokrzywdzonego w procesie karnym w opinii radców prawnych – wyniki badań ankietowych
Authors: Światłowski Andrzej
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the presentation of the results of research carried out at the Department of Criminal Procedure of the Jagiellonian University Kraków as part of a research programme financed by the Narodowe Centrum Nauki (National Science Center), No. 2016/23/B/HS5/00437: “Victim as a participant in repressive proceedings. Fourth vertex of the triangle?” In addition to the file research and comparative law studies, several hundred legal practitioners - judges, prosecutors, advocates and attorneys-at-law dealing with criminal cases - were also consulted. The research questionnaire contained 28 questions, or more precisely - statements where the respondent could mark his answer (opinion) according to the five-level Likert scale. In addition, the questionnaire contained two open-ended questions. Among the completed questionnaires, 64 (i.e. 16.1%) came from attorneys-at-law. It turned out that their views did not diverge significantly from those of jurists working in other professions.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE FINANCING DECISION IN SMES
Authors: Doacă Erika-Maria
Published: December 2022

Small and medium-sized enterprises are considered the engine of economic growth, as they play an important role in a country's economy by significantly contributing to its economic growth and job creation. However, one of the biggest problems SMEs face is the lack of access to finance. Lack of access to finance affects the existence of SMEs and the possibility of their speedy recovery from a crisis. The present study aims to conduct an empirical analysis of the influence of macroeconomic variables on the performance of small and medium enterprises. The study also includes the credit indicator granted to the private sector by banks, to analyze whether SMEs performance is influenced by access to finance, especially in a competitive economy. The main objective of the study is to investigate the determinants for improving the SME’s performance and the impact of access to finance on it among the Member States of the European Union located in south-eastern Europe. The economic theory states that access to finance influences a company's performance. The present study is based on the secondary data on the macroeconomic environment of the states under study and is obtained from the Eurostat and the World Bank. The study is empirical cum qualitative in nature and based on Panel data. The analysis period is 11 years from 2010 to 2020. The data analysis is done with the help of the econometric software “EViews”. The findings of the study indicates that the macroeconomic environment influences the financing decisions of most small and medium- sized enterprises. Also, due to the pandemic of COVID-19, the macroeconomic environment has deteriorated, and access to finance is especially a vital issue for the SME sector. The results confirm that the real GDP growth rate influences the financing decision of SMEs. Considering the vital importance of the SMEs in a country’s economy and the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small and medium-sized enterprises, the paper is of high interest in solving the problems of access to finance.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON IT EMPLOYEES’ JOB PERFORMANCE – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Ivanova Stanislava , Yanchovska Irina
Published: December 2022

The research paper examines how the job performance of IT employees changed during the pandemic when remote work was the predominant mode of operation for more than a year. The study also investigates how the different aspects of job performance have evolved during the research. Quantitative data was collected through a longitudinal survey conducted in 2019 and then repeated in 2021. In the first phase, the sample consisted of 126 international respondents working in over 25 different IT companies, while in the second phase, 149 respondents from over 60 different organizations were covered. The data for the study has been analysed by using one-dimensional mean value comparison, correlation, and regression analysis. In the first phase of the survey conducted before the pandemic, quality of work, effectiveness, and value-added performance have the strongest influence on job performance, at the same time employees’ productivity and proactiveness did not show a direct impact on their overall performance. In the second phase of the study conducted in the summer of 2021, the results show that employees’ perception of their value-added performance to the organization no longer impacts their overall performance. Additionally, during the pandemic, a downward trend was observed in all the elements of job performance, with the most significant decrease in employees’ overall performance, quality of work, and effectiveness. The results of the study can be compelling to different levels of the organisations, as good job performance of employees is significant for the performance results of teams, business units, and organisations. Understanding employees’ job performance, its elements, and how it changes over time, especially during the pandemic, can help organisations thrive and develop a more productive workforce.
PERSONNEL LOYALTY, WORK-LIFE BALANCE DURING REMOTE WORK
Authors: Blumberga Solveiga , Berga Santa
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, loyalty is rooted in an employee’s commitment to the organisation and involvement in its activities and is described as a belief in organisational goals and values. However, when the Covid-19 pandemic overwhelmed not only Latvia but the whole world, it became crucial to find out how personnel felt at a time when their office to home (where before 2019, all the work-related stress was left behind) and when the world was restricted to homes. While working remotely from home instead of office, the work-life balance gets easily disturbed. The present study attempts to answer the following questions: What type of loyalty does predominate among employees working remotely? What factors affect the work-life balance of the employees during remote working? Is there any correlation between personnel loyalty and work-life balance during remote working? Findings of various studies on loyalty, work-life balance, types of remote work, and its advantages/disadvantages, with an emphasis on work-life balance during remote working, are summarised in this article. Two surveys were conducted for the study: a survey on loyalty to the organisation and a survey on work-life balance during remote working. The study involved 103 full-time employees from the manufacturing industry who performed their work remotely. Results of the study show that employees represent a vital resource, and remote working is one of the new forms of employment created by digitalisation that will steadily enter and take root in the labour market. The main problems highlighted by the results of the study includes the workload, which most directly affects the work-life balance and has been noted by 70% of the respondents; the lack of managers’ understanding; and employers’ negative attitude towards the staff absence. The results of the study highlight the need for more detailed research on remote working, and for development of guidelines or recommendations on promoting a work-life balance.
ALGORITHM AND PARAMETRIC PROGRAM FOR PROCESSING CHAIN WHEELS
Authors: Kaldashev Tsvetan
Published: December 2022

The article deals with developing a parametric (macro) program for processing a chain wheel for bush-roller chains. The parametric program is developed for CNC Fanuc and implemented in the production process for the chain wheel family. To develop the parametric program, the dependences for constructing the tooth profile are used: chain pitch and a dividing diameter of the chain wheel, etc. The basic geometrical parameters for processing the chain wheel are set as input data at the beginning of the control program. Based on this information the automatic determination of the coordinates from the trajectory of the tool is performed. The trajectory coordinates are determined for one interdental, where for processing the next ones are used commands, characteristic of the parametric programming, with which the processing algorithm is organised. The machining algorithm can be organised using two approaches: recalculating the initial machining angle and the command to rotate the working coordinate system G68. The first approach is universal because the CNC generation does not influence it, i.e., it applies to both modern and traditional- CNCs, while the second applies to modern CNCs or those supporting the G68 command. The parametric program was tested virtually using the Vericut software, where the basic geometric parameters of the sprocket were tested with its dimensional measurement capabilities.
Implementasi Multiple Function Box sebagai Alat Ukur Antropometri Dasar Bayi Menggunakan Aplikasi Android sebagai User Interface di Puskesmas Bluluk Kabupaten Lamongan
Authors: Adziimaa Ahmad Fauzan , Pramadani Elda Yofi , Mujiyanti Safira Firdaus
Published: December 2022

Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat atau Puskesmas di daerah Bluluk, Kabupaten Lamongan, Jawa Timur merupakan sarana utama bagi masyarakat untuk melakukan perawatan dan penanganan pertama jika terjadi masalah kesehatan. Kegiatan Posyandu juga dilakuakan secara rutin di Puskesmas, kegiatan tersebut diantaranya adalah melakukan pengukuran antropometri dasar bayi seperti pengukuran berat, panjang, lingkar kepala dan suhu bayi. Proses pengukuran tersebut masih dilakukan petugas kesehatan dengan menggunakan metode konvensional. Pada paper ini, diuraikan hasil pengabdian masyarakat berbasis penelitian dengan implementasi teknologi Multiple Function Box yang dapat mengukur antropometri dasar bayi secara otomatis. Alat ini dilengkapi dengan teknologi sensor sebagai alat ukur, hasil pengukurandapat ditampilkan pada LCD alat, selain itu data pengukuran juga dapat disimpan pada database sehingga riwayat pengukuran dapat dipantau melalui aplikasi android. Dari inovasi tersebut dapat meningkatkan efektivitas kerja petugas kesehatan serta orang tua dapat melakukan evaluasi terhadap pertumbuhan anak.
Nurturing the next generation: a reflection on the BANCC conference by student attendees
Authors: Bladen Siobhan , Brooks Jorji C , Gray Nicola , Tunstall Charli , Lotto Robyn
Published: December 2022

Following the notable success of the supported student placements at this year's British Association of Nusing in Cardiovascular Care conference, the initiative will be expanded on next year, with a focus on early-career nurses. In this article, the students and their mentor reflect on the conference.
Influence of time to surgery on clinical outcomes in elderly hip fracture patients
Authors: van Rijckevorsel Veronique A. J. I. M. , de Jong Louis , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Roukema Gert R. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Hip Fracture Registry Collaboration
Published: December 2022

Aims

Factors associated with high mortality rates in geriatric hip fracture patients are frequently unmodifiable. Time to surgery, however, might be a modifiable factor of interest to optimize clinical outcomes after hip fracture surgery. This study aims to determine the influence of postponement of surgery due to non-medical reasons on clinical outcomes in acute hip fracture surgery.

Methods

This observational cohort study enrolled consecutively admitted patients with a proximal femoral fracture, for which surgery was performed between 1 January 2018 and 11 January 2021 in two level II trauma teaching hospitals. Patients with medical indications to postpone surgery were excluded. A total of 1,803 patients were included, of whom 1,428 had surgery < 24 hours and 375 had surgery ≥ 24 hours after admission.

Results

Prolonged total length of stay was found when surgery was performed ≥ 24 hours (median 6 days (interquartile range (IQR) 4 to 9) vs 7 days (IQR 5 to 10); p = 0.001) after admission. No differences in postoperative length of hospital stay nor in 30-day mortality rates were found. In subgroup analysis for time frames of 12 hours each, pressure sores and urinary tract infections were diagnosed more frequently when time to surgery increased.

Conclusion

Longer time to surgery due to non-medical reasons was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative pressure sores and urinary tract infections when time to surgery was more than 48 hours after admission. No association was found between time to surgery and 30-day mortality rates or postoperative length of hospital stay. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(12):1369–1378.
Civic Engagement, Public Intellectualism, and Art
Authors: Cockrell-Abdullah Autumn
Published: December 2022

Revisiting a previously unpublished analysis of the
Clamor (2016) and
Tekist (2017) art shows presented at the Fine Arts Institute and the Museum of Modern Art in Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan, Cockrell-Abdullah considers the spaces in which artists are siting their work so that they may speak to specific public audiences and their social and cultural concerns, and how this work creates sheltered civic space in Kurdish society that allows for open discussion of social problems.