bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
#BlueGirl: A study of collective trauma on Twitter
Authors: Abtahi Zahra , Zahedi Leila , Eizadyar Zarrin , Fava Nicole M.
Published: August 2022

Collective trauma is the outcome of traumatic incidents that necessitate collective self‐reflection and create a need for public discourse. Access to social media allows individuals to shape event coverage beyond what is put forth by mainstream media through hashtag‐based communities. The death of Sahar Khodayari, or “Blue Girl,” an Iranian woman who committed suicide after being sentenced to prison for appearing in a sports stadium dressed as a man, is one such event that became a collective trauma. The current study sought to examine the collective trauma reaction among Farsi‐speaking Twitter users in response to Khodayari's death as represented in public tweets. The overall pool of data consisted of 8,653 tweets containing at least one of four hashtags (i.e., #BlueGirl, #Blue_Girl,, # #), posted September 9–24, 2019, as well as 603 tweets posted on the anniversary of the event 1 year later. Using thematic analysis, we identified three main themes within these public tweets representing different responses to Khodayari's death: social justice, awareness, and process. In undemocratic countries, like Iran, where there are limited free physical spaces for public gatherings, social media provides a platform for people to come together after tragic events to express emotions and discuss thoughts and actions. The present findings demonstrate that Twitter allowed Farsi‐speaking users to demand social justice, share awareness about #BlueGirl, and process their emotions and thoughts accordingly. Therefore, social media may provide a window into the collective trauma experience, and it may also serve as a new mode of studying trauma on new platforms.
In situ flux estimates reveal large variations in methane flux across the bottom boundary layer of a eutrophic lake
Authors: D'Ambrosio Sofia L. , Henderson Stephen M. , Nielson Jeffrey R. , Harrison John A.
Published: August 2022

Methane (CH4) produced in anoxic sediments plays a significant role in the carbon economy of many lakes and reservoirs. CH4 released from sediments first crosses the bottom boundary layer (BBL), the layer of water overlying the lakebed where currents are slowed by friction with the sediments below. Physical and biogeochemical conditions in the BBL, which can fluctuate hourly to daily with basin‐wide internal waves (seiches), likely influence CH4 transport from sediments into the hypolimnion. In this study, we estimated CH4 fluxes across the BBL of a eutrophic lake using a novel in situ flux gradient approach adapted from marine applications. For 2–6 h periods throughout the spring and summer, we estimated CH4 fluxes across the BBL using simultaneous measurements of CH4 concentrations, turbulent mixing, and thermal stratification. Sub‐daily variation in CH4 fluxes was high, and CH4 fluxes sometimes changed several‐fold within hours. These rapid shifts in BBL fluxes were likely influenced by fluctuations in seiche‐driven variations in the intensity of BBL turbulent mixing. Fluxes increased from spring to summer, concurrent with the development of lake stratification, and fueled an accumulation of CH4 below the thermocline. Throughout the summer, CH4 flux across the BBL exceeded CH4 accumulation below the thermocline, suggesting significant methanotrophy in the hypolimnion, consistent with incubation‐based oxidation rates. Our results are the first to demonstrate sub‐daily and seasonal variability in the timing and magnitude of CH4 fluxes within a lake BBL, and highlight a need to quantify such variability in other lentic systems.
Single‐cell transcriptome analysis of fractional CO2 laser efficiency in treating a mouse model of alopecia
Authors: Hasegawa Kouichi , Fujimoto Takahiro , Mita Chihiro , Furumoto Hidehiro , Inoue Masako , Ikegami Kentaro , Kitayama Tomomi , Yamamoto Yukari , Shimbo Takashi , Yamazaki Takehiko , Tamai Katsuto
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Hair loss, including alopecia, is a common dermatological issue worldwide. At present, the application of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in the treatment of alopecia has been documented; however, the results vary between reports. These varying results may be due to the limited knowledge of cellular action in laser‐irradiated skin. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of laser treatment under effective conditions for hair cycle initiation.

Methods

A fractional CO2 laser was applied and optimized to initiate the hair cycle in a mouse model of alopecia. Several cellular markers were analyzed in the irradiated skin using immunofluorescence staining. Cellular populations and their comprehensive gene expression were analyzed using single‐cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatics.

Results

The effective irradiation condition for initiating the hair cycle was found to be 15 mJ energy/spot, which generates approximately 500 μm depth columns, but does not penetrate the dermis, only reaching approximately 1 spot/mm2. The proportion of macrophage clusters significantly increased upon irradiation, whereas the proportion of fibroblast clusters decreased. The macrophages strongly expressed C–C chemokine receptor type 2 (Ccr2), which is known to be a key signal for injury‐induced hair growth.

Conclusions

We found that fractional CO2 laser irradiation recruited Ccr2 positive macrophages, and induced hair regrowth in a mouse alopecia model. These findings may contribute to the development of stable and effective fractional laser irradiation conditions for human alopecia treatment.
Long‐term high‐temperature steam oxidation behavior of Cr‐coated Zircaloy‐4 alloy for accident tolerant fuel
Authors: Xiang Yang , Yang Hongyan , Chen Qingsong , Peng Xiaoming , Zhang Ruiqian , Wei Tianguo , Liu Chunhai , Chen Huan
Published: August 2022

The Cr‐coated Zircaloy‐4 samples were prepared by arc ion plating to enhance the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of Zircaloy‐4 alloys for accident tolerant fuel claddings. The oxidation tests of the Cr coating were performed under 1473 K steam for 60, 120, and 240 min. The steam oxidation tests indicated that the Cr‐coated Zircaloy‐4 substrate had excellent high‐temperature steam oxidation resistance to protect the fuel cladding from damage for at least 240 min. The weight gains and the thickness of the oxidation scale of the samples were measured to evaluate the oxidation kinetics of the Cr coating in 1473 K steam. In addition, the diffusion and interfacial evolution were analyzed during the oxidation process, and the steam oxidation behaviors of the Cr coatings were also discussed in detail.
Polyacrylamide‐Graphene Oxide‐Polyaniline Based Flexible Electrode for Portable Supercapacitor
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Shi Caixin , Wang Tian , Wang Guanhua , Zhao Yansheng , Liu Yongmei , Zhang Ding
Published: August 2022

Flexible electronics have achieved development with the rising consumption of wearable devices. In this work, a novel polyacrylamide‐graphene oxide‐polyaniline composite hydrogel (PGPH) based flexible electrode with good mechanical and electrochemical properties is prepared. The polyacrylamide interpenetrating network can provide a porous substrate. The strong π–π interaction between graphene oxide and polyaniline can stabilize polyaniline. The area‐specific capacitance of PGPH is 100.57 mF cm–2 at a current density of 5 mA cm–2, and the capacity remains at 75.54% after 1000 cycles. One layer of sodium alginate is spin‐coated on top of the electrode to solve the problem of desorption of conductive materials and improve the cycle stability of the materials. The PGPH exhibits a conductivity of 5.11 S m–1 and elongation at break of 352%, which is significantly higher than that of common polyacrylamide‐polyaniline hydrogel. Based on the good mechanical and electrochemical properties of PGPH, it has broad application prospects in flexible energy storage devices and flexible sensors.
Achieving High Thermal Conductivity in Epoxy Resin Composites by Synergistically Utilizing Al2O3 Framework and BN Sheet as Fillers
Authors: Wang Xubin , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Tiandong , Li Zhonghua , Tang Chao , Chi Qingguo
Published: August 2022

The application of high thermal conductive Epoxy resin (EP) is an efficient way to improve the heat dissipation in electronic device. In this work, the thermal conductivity of EP is significantly improved by synergistically utilizing Al2O3 framework (AF) and boron nitride sheet (BN) as fillers. The polyurethane foams with different pore sizes are used to prepare AF for the first time. The microstructure characterization demonstrates the successful preparation of AF/EP and AF‐BN/EP with different AF pore size. The thermal conductivity of AF/EP is superior to that of Al2O3/EP composites with randomly distributed Al2O3 nanoparticles. The smaller pore of AF is beneficial to achieving a greater thermal conductivity in AF/EP composites. Especially, by combing BN with AF can further improve the thermal conductivity of AF‐BN/EP composites. The optimal value of 1.18 W m−1 K−1 (5.42 times high than pure EP) is obtained for 60 ppi‐AF‐20 wt% BN/EP composite. Besides, the dielectric property shows that by combining of AF and BN increases the permittivity, as well as low dielectric loss. The high thermal conductivity and excellent dielectric property are simultaneously achieved by synergistically utilizing AF and BN fillers, the resultant EP composites have great potential to be used in electronic devices.
Hydrometeorological analysis of a flash flood event in an ungauged Mediterranean watershed under an operational forecasting and monitoring context
Authors: Giannaros Christos , Dafis Stavros , Stefanidis Stefanos , Giannaros Theodore M. , Koletsis Ioannis , Oikonomou Christina
Published: August 2022

The current study presents the first attempt to investigate the November 2019 catastrophic flash flood in Olympiada (North Greece) under an operational forecasting and monitoring context, based on the mesoscale weather and research forecasting (WRF) model and the integrated multi‐satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement (GPM‐IMERG) algorithm. When evaluated against ground‐based rainfall measurements, WRF showed an adequate predictive capability concerning the severity of the observed rainfall, even though the model's performance suffered from phase and spatial displacement errors. The GPM‐IMERG algorithm yielded the best performance in capturing the timing of the observed excessive rainfall. Concerning the hydrological outcome using the Hydrologic Engineering Center‐Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC‐HMS), a strong indication of the forthcoming flash flood could have been provided at least 2 days in advance based on the WRF‐based HEC‐HMS‐simulated flood peak (139.3 m3 s−1), as it was close to the drainage capacity of a constructed bridge in the plain stream bed, and to the 100‐year return period flood discharge.
Optimal control strategies for the reliable and competitive mathematical analysis of Covid‐19 pandemic model
Authors: Butt Azhar Iqbal Kashif , Imran Muhammad , Chamaleen D.B.D. , Batool Saira
Published: August 2022

To understand dynamics of the COVID‐19 disease realistically, a new SEIAPHR model has been proposed in this article where the infectious individuals have been categorized as symptomatic, asymptomatic, and super‐spreaders. The model has been investigated for existence of a unique solution. To measure the contagiousness of COVID‐19, reproduction number
is also computed using next generation matrix method. It is shown that the model is locally stable at disease‐free equilibrium point when
and unstable for
. The model has been analyzed for global stability at both of the disease‐free and endemic equilibrium points. Sensitivity analysis is also included to examine the effect of parameters of the model on reproduction number
. A couple of optimal control problems have been designed to study the effect of control strategies for disease control and eradication from the society. Numerical results show that the adopted control approaches are much effective in reducing new infections.
COVID‐19 CT image segmentation based on improved Res2Net
Authors: Liu Shangwang , Tang Xiufang , Cai Tongbo , Zhang Yangyang , Wang Changgeng
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is threatening the health of the global people and bringing great losses to our economy and society. However, computed tomography (CT) image segmentation can make clinicians quickly identify the COVID‐19‐infected regions. Accurate segmentation infection area of COVID‐19 can contribute screen confirmed cases.

Methods

We designed a segmentation network for COVID‐19‐infected regions in CT images. To begin with, multilayered features were extracted by the backbone network of Res2Net. Subsequently, edge features of the infected regions in the low‐level feature f2 were extracted by the edge attention module. Second, we carefully designed the structure of the attention position module (APM) to extract high‐level feature f5 and detect infected regions. Finally, we proposed a context exploration module consisting of two parallel explore blocks, which can remove some false positives and false negatives to reach more accurate segmentation results.

Results

Experimental results show that, on the public COVID‐19 dataset, the Dice, sensitivity, specificity, , , and mean absolute error (MAE) of our method are 0.755, 0.751, 0.959, 0.795, 0.919, and 0.060, respectively. Compared with the latest COVID‐19 segmentation model Inf‐Net, the Dice similarity coefficient of our model has increased by 7.3%; the sensitivity (Sen) has increased by 5.9%. On contrary, the MAE has dropped by 2.2%.

Conclusions

Our method performs well on COVID‐19 CT image segmentation. We also find that our method is so portable that can be suitable for various current popular networks. In a word, our method can help screen people infected with COVID‐19 effectively and save the labor power of clinicians and radiologists.
Effect of Hull Cleaning on Electrical Resistance and Anodic Fields of Direct-Current Electrofishing Boats
Authors: Bruce Lewis J. , Dean Jan C.
Published: August 2022

In 2011, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources began standardization of its direct-current electrofishing boats, including development of a standard operating procedures document. After publication of standard methods for sampling freshwater fishes by the American Fisheries Society, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources incorporated these standards into its standard operating procedures. Literature and references about maintaining electrofishing equipment were lacking. One aspect of equipment maintenance is hull cleanliness when the hull is metal and serves as the cathode. The cathode affects system resistance and overall performance of the electrofishing equipment. Four boats were used to measure system resistance and changes in the electrical fields after cleaning the cathodes. Boat electrofishing field intensity was measured pre- and postcleaning. Boat cathodes were cleaned 25, 50, and 100% of the length of the hull using a wire wheel attached to an angle grinder. Based on our results, 100% of the cathode should be cleaned when standardized resistance (R100, system resistance when ambient water conductivity is 100 μS/cm) increases 10% above baseline values. Baseline R100 values for the four boats in this study were between 25 and 30 Ω. The R100 value is a quality-control indicator of electrofisher performance.
Virtual displacement based discontinuity layout optimization
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Wang Xueya , Wang Xinquan , Mang Herbert A.
Published: August 2022

Discontinuity layout optimization (DLO) is a relatively new upper bound limit analysis method. Compared to classic topology optimization methods, aimed at obtaining the optimum design of a structure by considering its self‐weight, building cost, or bearing capacity, DLO optimizes the failure pattern of the structure under specific loading conditions and constraints by minimizing the dissipation energy. In this work, we present a modified DLO algorithm that contains all of the advantages of DLO. It is referred to virtual displacement‐based discontinuity layout optimization (VDLO). VDLO takes the stress state of a loaded structure as a snapshot and correspondingly provides the optimum failure pattern, which greatly extends the application potential of DLO. Numerical examples indicate the effectiveness and flexibility of VDLO. It is regarded as a highly promising supplemental tool for other numerical methods in element‐/node‐based frameworks.
Extension of the unsymmetric 8‐node hexahedral solid element US‐ATFH8 to 3D hyper‐elastic finite deformation analysis
Authors: Ma Ru‐Xia , Cen Song , Shang Yan , Li Chen‐Feng
Published: August 2022

This work extends the recent US‐ATFH8 element to 3D hyper‐elastic finite deformation analysis. Using two sets of shape functions, the new 3D element comprises of 8 nodes and 24 DOFs. The first set of shape functions represent the test functions that come from the conventional isoparametric interpolation, and the second set, representing the trial functions, are constructed from the homogenous solutions for linear elasticity governing equations, termed analytical trial functions (ATFs). This study considers finite deformation for hyper‐elastic materials, but it is assumed that the analytical solutions associated with hyper‐elastic materials can be updated to hold approximately in each incremental step. Moreover, the deformation information required for stress computation is updated by using the incremental deformation gradient, which is constructed from the updated ATFs. Numerical examples show that without additional pressure DOF, the element US‐ATFH8 still behaves well in nearly incompressible hyper‐elastic 3D problems with finite deformation, even when the meshes are extremely distorted.
Ethical considerations for conservation messaging research and practice
Authors: Gregg Emily A. , Kidd Lindall R. , Bekessy Sarah A. , Martin Jen K. , Robinson Jennifer A. , Garrard Georgia E.
Published: August 2022

Conservation professionals are familiar with value‐driven research and practice. However, recent efforts to use strategic communication, specifically conservation messaging, to affect targeted behaviour change or influence values and attitudes towards conservation introduce new ethical dilemmas that conservation professionals may not have considered or are ill‐equipped to deal with.

Drawing from strategic communication theory and professional guidelines, including from public relations, social marketing, advocacy, and the social sciences more broadly, we provide a framework and discuss important ethical considerations for conservation messaging.

The considerations discussed include those that apply across all stages of conservation messaging (be reflexive, engage responsibly, and consider power), as well as those that apply when defining the problem (ensure fairness in audience targeting), designing the solution (use equitable messages and calls to action and use truthful messaging and authentic messengers), and considering outcomes (consider intended and unintended consequences).

We present these considerations not as a fail‐safe checklist to prevent unethical conduct in conservation messaging, but rather as points of reflection to consider in the design of ethical conservation messages and campaigns. We present a series of prompting questions to guide this process. We believe taking the time to reflect in this way paves the way for more effective and ethical strategies for conservation messaging, leading to more open, trusting, and sustainable relationships with our audiences.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
What do the NICE updates mean for people with type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Kilvert Anne , Wilmot Emma
Published: August 2022

NICE has recently updated its guidelines on the diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes in adults. Dr Anne Kilvert and Dr Emma Wilmot here summarise the new recommendations and consider the implications for people with diabetes, health care professionals and commissioners.
Key factors in the management of glycaemic control in people with cancer
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: August 2022

Hyperglycaemia and diabetes are frequent complications of anti‐cancer therapy in people with or without diagnosed diabetes.

Steve Chaplin here reports on recently produced guidelines that provide advice for the oncology and haemato‐oncology multidisciplinary teams but, in addition to information about diabetes with which those specialists may not be familiar, they include a lot of detail about cancer therapy that endocrinologists may find useful.
Understanding a young adult diabetes service's accessibility: have virtual appointments helped?
Authors: Hitchcock Megan , Heath Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Diabetes mellitus is characterised by hyperglycaemia, requiring strict management regimens to avoid associated health complications. Diagnosis and/or management of diabetes during young adulthood can be particularly challenging, potentially contributing to significant psychological distress and struggles with management, culminating in poor physical and mental health outcomes.

This service evaluation sought feedback from young adult patients (19–25 years old) on diabetes service accessibility and to understand the impact of offering virtual appointments during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

All young adult patients (n=101) were invited to complete an online questionnaire about their experience of service accessibility and offered the opportunity to discuss their feedback in a telephone interview. Data were collected from 15 patients.

Analysis using content and thematic analyses revealed three main themes regarding service accessibility: practical barriers, psychological barriers, and patients’ relationship with the diabetes team.

Recommendations are made for several service developments concerning appointment scheduling, appointment set‐up, and developments around service provision more widely. Further research is needed to gain a wider range of feedback to inform future developments and should prioritise patient involvement to increase patient response rate. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Immunoproteome profiling of Listeria monocytogenes under mild acid and salt stress conditions
Authors: D'Onofrio Federica , Visciano Pierina , Krasteva Ivanka , Torresi Marina , Tittarelli Manuela , Pomilio Francesco , Iannetti Luigi , Di Febo Tiziana , Paparella Antonello , Schirone Maria , Luciani Mirella
Published: August 2022

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the main foodborne pathogens worldwide. Although its response to stress conditions has been extensively studied, it is still present in the food processing environments and is a concern for consumers. To investigate how this microorganism adapts its proteome in mild stress conditions, a combined proteomics and bioinformatics approach was used to characterize the immunogenic protein profile of a sequence type 7 (ST7) strain that caused severe listeriosis outbreaks in central Italy. Extracted proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting using positive sera against L. monocytogenes and nLC‐ESI‐MS/MS, and all data were examined by five software to predict subcellular localization (SCL). A total of 226 proteins were extracted from the bands of interest, 58 of which were classified as potential immunogenic antigens. Compared to control cells grown under optimal conditions, six proteins, some of which under‐described, were expressed under mild acid and salt stress conditions and/or at 12°C. In particular, adaptation and shaping of the proteome mainly involved cell motility at 12°C without acid and salt stress, whereas the combination of the same temperature with mild acid and salt stress induced a response concerning carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress, and DNA repair. Raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033519.
Low Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance of Kagome‐Like As and Sb Monolayers: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Zhang Liang , Gu Jiahong , Guo Fei
Published: August 2022

The thermoelectric (TE) properties of the newly proposed Kagome‐like arsenene (Kagome–As) and antimonene (Kagome–Sb) 2D materials are studied by first‐principles method and Boltzmann transport theory. Kagome–As and Kagome–Sb monolayers are found to exhibit large power factor (PF) due to the large Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, the Kagome–As and Kagome–Sb have low thermal conductivity of 2.97 and 0.94 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K, respectively. Combined excellent PF and suppressed thermal conductivity, the Kagome–As and Kagome–Sb are expected to have good TE performance with the maximal ZT values reaching up to 0.66 and 2.52 at 300 K, respectively. The Kagome‐like group‐V elemental monolayers are promising TE candidates and shed light on the theoretical design of high‐performance 2D materials, which are demonstrated in the results.
The effect of flaxseed intake on appetite reduction: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Zarei Mahtab , Adeli Shaghayegh , Hosseini Shabnam , Daneshzad Elnaz
Published: August 2022

Appetite control has attracted many scientists' attention recently since it can lead to weight management and the prevention of further metabolic disorders. Many studies have been carried out to assess the effect of flaxseed on satiety perception but the results are controversial. This study aims to review these results comprehensively. PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for related papers on June 2021. The searched keywords for appetite were: visual analog scale, appetite, desire to eat, satiation, satiety, hunger, fullness, and for Flaxseed they were: flax, flax*, linseed*, lignin*, Linseed Oil, flaxseed, ground flaxseed, flaxseed oil, and Linum usitatissimum. The 13 included studies were inconsistent in results and some of them found no significant effect of flaxseed on the considered outcomes. However, three studies revealed a significant reduction in hunger perception as well as appetite. Moreover, two studies found a decreasing effect on prospective consumption. Three studies observed a positive significant effect on fullness and satiety. Although there are a limited number of documents related to the effect of flaxseed on appetite perception, or its equivalent terms, the available studies suggest the potential role of flaxseed in decreasing appetite and hunger.
RUL prediction based on two‐phase wiener process
Authors: Liu Kai , Zou Tian‐Ji , Xin Min‐Cheng , Lv Cong‐Min
Published: August 2022

The degradation model and the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction are two key metrics for machine health prognostics. However, the precision of RUL prediction highly depends on the validity of the degradation model. Consequently, the uncertainty of RUL prediction based on the two‐phase degradation process may cause the estimated product reliability to differ from its actual value and lead to a faulty predictive maintenance strategy. However, recent studies have rarely compared the RUL predictions based on two‐phase and single‐phase degradation models. In this study, a real‐time RUL prediction approach was developed for a two‐phase linear Wiener degradation process. A two‐phase Wiener degradation model was proposed along with an estimation method for the change point and model parameters. Based on a state‐space model and Markov chain Monte Carlo, the drift coefficient of the degradation model was updated, and a real‐time RUL prediction model was developed. To examine whether the two‐phase Wiener degradation model was incorrectly assumed to be single‐phase, a case study was conducted to analyze RUL prediction based on the original and incorrect models. The results demonstrated that to obtain a more accurate RUL prediction, a sufficient number of samples should be used in addition to updating the drift coefficient of the degradation model when new measurement data are available.
Novel event‐triggered distributed state estimation algorithm for nonlinear systems over wireless sensor networks
Authors: Shi Lihong , Yang Feng , Zheng Litao
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the event‐triggered distributed state estimation for nonlinear dynamic systems over wireless sensor networks, where whether measurement should be transmitted from the sensor to the corresponding local estimator depends on a predesigned event‐triggered mechanism. To obtain a better estimation performance while saving the communication energy consumption, a novel event‐triggered nonlinear state estimator is designed by approximating the true posterior probability density function with minimum Kullback–Leibler divergence when the measurement is not transmitted. After local estimation results are produced in every local estimator through applying the cubature rule, according to a communication protocol and covariance intersection fusion strategy, an event‐triggered distributed cubature Kalman filtering (EDCKF) algorithm is developed. Compared with algorithms based on weighted average consensus, the proposed algorithm eliminates the disagreement between local estimators and obtains its best performance within a limited time. Moreover, sufficient conditions are obtained to prove the stability of the EDCKF algorithm. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed estimator and algorithm.
Distributed attitude tracking control of multiple rigid bodies with global exponential stability on SO(3)
Authors: Huang Yi , Meng Ziyang , Sun Jian
Published: August 2022

In this article, the leader‐following attitude tracking problem is considered for a group of rigid bodies, and a distributed control algorithm is proposed with global exponential stability on the rotational orthogonal group SO(3). In particular, we consider that only a subset of followers has access to the leader's trajectory, and a semi‐global exponential distributed observer is first proposed for each follower to estimate the leader's trajectory. Then, we introduce the shifted reference attitude of the leader to circumvent the topological obstruction on SO(3), and a combined distributed observer algorithm is developed by synthesizing different reference attitude trajectories. By constructing two Lyapunov functions, it is demonstrated that the leader's trajectory can be accurately estimated by the proposed distributed observer with exponential convergence. Next, an observer‐based attitude tracking control algorithm is synthesized, which is continuous in time but is discontinuous with respect to initial conditions. It is shown that the trajectory of the leader can be tracked by all followers with global exponential stability on SO(3). Finally, numerical simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.
Femtosecond Laser Direct‐Write Plasmonic Nanolithography in Dielectrics
Authors: Zhu Han , Wu Bo , Gao Mingsheng , Ren Feng , Qin Wei , Juodkazis Saulius , Chen Feng
Published: August 2022

Plasmon‐based devices have founded numerous applications in photonics based on optically excited strong near‐field effect at nanoscale. So far, the large‐area fabrication of periodic plasmonic nanostructures is still challenging due to a small write‐field limitation of lithography‐based techniques, especially for metallic substrates. A novel strategy is proposed to fabricate millimeter‐sized patterns of periodic plasmonic nanostructures inside dielectric materials (glass) through a femtosecond laser direct‐write plasmonic nanolithography approach. Noble metal nanoparticles are formed by the ion implantation in glass and reshaped into a nanowire‐like nanoparticles’ assembly by direct writing with femtosecond laser harnessing plasmonic interaction. As‐designed patterns at nanoscale are inscribed by this type of plasmonic lithography to form wires composed of nanoparticles. Examples for applications, the linear dichroism response, and structural color have been achieved by the plasmonic nanogratings buried inside glass (i.e., at subsurface regions). The work opens a new avenue to manipulate metallic nanoparticles in solids by direct plasmonic nanolithography and offers a reliable implementation of large‐area fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures for diverse range of photonic applications.
Effect of Quenching and Tempering Temperatures on Microstructure and Properties of Ultrahigh Strength Cast Steel
Authors: Zhou Xinshan , Zhao Weimin , Dong Lishan , Song Nan
Published: August 2022

Low‐alloy cast steel with ultrahigh strength is produced by a combination of normalizing and reheating, followed by water quenching and high‐temperature tempering. The cast steel quenched at 1000 °C for 30 min and tempered at 550 °C for 120 min exhibits superior tensile ductility. More precisely, the tensile strength is 1683.5 MPa, yield strength is 1635.3 MPa, elongation is 12.0%, and microhardness is 500.3 HV. The microstructure is composed of martensite lath + ferrite + M23C6 carbide. The strengthening mechanisms of the steel are mainly precipitation, grain refinement, and dislocation strengthening. When the quenching temperature is increased from 950 to 1000 °C, the M3C carbides precipitated between the martensite lath are transformed from short rod‐like to spherical shapes, which improves the plasticity of the steel. When the tempering temperature is increased from 550 to 630 °C, the number and size of the carbides also increase. The M23C6 carbides interact with the dislocations. M23C6 carbides play a crucial role in the precipitation strengthening and efficiently improve the strength of the steel. The fracture is changed from a mixed ductile and brittle fracture to a ductile fracture.
High‐dimensional non‐parametric tests for linear asset pricing models
Authors: Zhao Ping , Chen Dachuan , Zi Xuemin
Published: August 2022

This paper develops a novel non‐parametric test for testing the high‐dimensional alpha in linear asset pricing models, where the number of securities can be much larger than the time‐dimension of the return series. The asymptotic null distribution and the local power property are established for a class of weighted spatial‐sign tests, which results in an optimal test INST by choosing the weight function as the inverse of the norm. The INST test is optimal in the sense that it is locally most powerful within this class. As a non‐parametric test, the INST test is also robust to the departures from normality of the error distribution. Monte Carlo simulation and empirical study with real financial data show the superiority of INST test in terms of both robustness and efficiency.
Identification of High‐Occupancy Areas and Movement Dynamics of Age‐0 Lake Sturgeon in the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin
Authors: Tucker Stefan , Houghton Christopher J. , Harris Brandon , Elliott Robert , Donofrio Michael , Forsythe Patrick S.
Published: August 2022

The lower Fox River (LFR) is a highly urbanized and fragmented system with a legacy of pollution. Benthic dredging and sediment cleanup combined with capping have been implemented with the goal of remediating the polychlorinated biphenyl contamination and improving the health of resident fish and wildlife populations. The LFR hosts a small population of adult Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens that spawns at the base of the first barrier, De Pere Dam. Recent research suggests that larval production is limited and no juveniles have been documented residing within the system, although limited sampling has been conducted. The objectives of this study were to describe age‐0 Lake Sturgeon movement patterns, quantify the duration of river residency, and identify areas of congregation in the LFR. To track fish, a total of 38 age‐0 and 1 age‐1 Lake Sturgeon were obtained from nearby wild populations and hatchery settings, implanted with acoustic transmitters, released below De Pere Dam, and actively tracked, daily, for ~40 d (August–October in 2018 and 2019). Sixty‐nine percent of the acoustically tracked age‐0 Lake Sturgeon remained in the LFR for >50% of the study period, and emigration events appear to be related to increases in river discharge. Individuals residing within the LFR tend to congregate within six areas of the LFR encompassing 6% of total river area. The results suggest that suitable habitat exists in the LFR for age‐0 and age‐1 Lake Sturgeon, that discharge may cue downstream movement, and that high‐occupancy areas (likely areas of preferred habitat) are present in the LFR. Long‐term monitoring of larval production, survival, and age‐0/juvenile dynamics will continue to help identify recruitment bottlenecks, improve knowledge of juvenile ecology, and guide future restoration goals.
Hydrophobicity Classification of Composite Insulators Based on Light‐Weight Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Qiu Zhibin , Liu Zhou , Liao Caibo , Wang Dong , Yu Xiaobin
Published: August 2022

To achieve accurate and rapid measurement of the hydrophobicity class (HC) of composite insulators, an intelligent spray image recognition technique based on light‐weight convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed in this paper. A spray image data set contains clean, contaminated and aged insulators with various illuminations, shooting angles and distances, about 10 400 images of shed surface were collected by spray tests and data augmentation. Five classification models were established by different CNNs, including GoogLeNet, ResNet101, ShuffleNet 0.5×, ShuffleNet 0.25× and MobileNet V2, while the first four of them were pre‐trained by ImageNet dataset. These models were trained, validated and tested by spray image data set. Six indexes were designed to evaluate each model and the discriminative regions for classification were visualized by gradient weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) method. The results show that these models can effectively recognize spray images with HC1–HC7 and the light‐weight ShuffleNet 0.5× has the best performance, with the classification accuracy of 97.09% for 2022 test images. The Grad‐CAM visualizations indicate that the results have high reliability. This study can provide reference for on‐line detection and intelligent identification of hydrophobicity levels of composite insulators. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Current state of research on the use of technology in language teacher education and professional development
Authors: Bahari Akbar , Barrot Jessie S. , Sarkhosh Mehdi
Published: August 2022

Educational technology (ET) can reportedly provide innovative resources to improve the language learning process. However, few studies have elaborated on the use of ET for language teacher education and professional development. To shed light on the reported challenges and affordances of digital technology in language teacher education and professional development, the authors conducted a systematic review of recent technology‐assisted language teacher education studies. The contributions of the study to the field of technology‐assisted language learning (TALL) are twofold. Pedagogically, the study conveys a list of affordances that can inform TALL practitioners about the tested and reported efficacies that can be used in teacher education and professional development programs. Theoretically, the findings inform TALL researchers about the challenges and limitations that need to be overcome to facilitate the use of ET in teacher education and professional development. The findings also help predict the future trend of TALL research on teacher education and professional development based on studies conducted from 2010 to 2021.
Synthesis of novel p‐n heterojunction g‐C3N4/Bi4Ti3O12 photocatalyst with improved solar‐light‐driven photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Mohanty Lopamudra , Pattanayak Dhruti Sundar , Pradhan Debapriya , Dash Suresh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Water contamination is now a big issue all around the world. So the discovery and progress of efficient and long‐lasting visible‐light‐active photocatalysts are the most difficult current research fields. Using a simple sonication process followed by thermal polymerization, a p‐n heterojunction structure of g‐C3N4/Bi4Ti3O12 (g‐C3N4/BTO) photocatalyst was prepared. The photocatalyst's morphologies, structures, and optical characteristics were meticulously investigated using XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, EDAX, and UV–DRS. The increased photodegradation efficiency might be attributed to the p‐n heterojunction of g‐C3N4/BTO, which has a high oxidative capacity, a smaller bandgap, greater visible‐light absorption capacity, and a decreased recombination rate of photo‐excited electron‐hole pairs. At pH 3, maximal photodegradation of 98% for RhB and 93% for MG dye was reported in 20 and 30 min, respectively. Furthermore, rhodamine B (RhB) and malachite green (MG) photocatalytic degradation proceeded at pseudo‐first‐order rates, with K values of 0.193 min–1 and 0.089 min–1, approximately. Based on the experimental results, a plausible mechanism for the improved photocatalytic activity was proposed. Meanwhile, the recycling experiment validated the g‐C3N4/BTO's high stability and endurance. The matching band locations and successful charge separation might be the mechanism underlying the improvements of photodegradation. Apart from that, based on the scavenger test, photogenerated superoxide radical ( and holes (h+) might be the major radicals in the degradation process. This research is likely to pave the way for the development of innovative visible‐light‐driven materials via nanostructure design.
Combined treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 plus acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improved cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: García‐Alberca José María , Gris Esther , Mendoza Silvia
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurocognitive state between normal aging and dementia. There is currently no approved treatment for MCI, with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) being the commonly prescribed drugs. The Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 is an herbal remedy used for cognitive disorders, including dementia. This study aims to explore the potential synergistic effect of combination therapy with EGb 761 plus AChEI in patients with amnestic MCI in a real‐life setting.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 133 patients with amnestic MCI who were attending a memory clinic. Patients had received treatment with any of the following drugs: G. biloba extract EGb 761, donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine at their standard doses. Subjects were divided into three treatment groups: EGb 761, AChEI, and EGb 761+AChEI. Patients were assessed by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Boston Naming Test, Trail Making Test (TMT Parts A and B), Letter and Category Fluency Test (LFT, CFT), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living. Mixed‐effects model analysis was carried out to evaluate changes in cognitive, functional, and behavioral outcomes over a 12‐month follow‐up.

Results

After 12 months, EGb 761+AChEI showed significant improvement in MMSE, RAVLT, CFT, TMT A‐B, and NPI compared to AChEI and in MMSE and RAVLT compared to EGb 761. At 12 months, EGb 761 was superior to AChEI on the CFT, TMT A‐B, and NPI.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that combined therapy with EGb 761 plus AChEI may provide added cognitive and functional benefits in patients with MCI and provides additional real‐world evidence for the combined use of EGb 761 and anti‐dementia drugs in patients with MCI. This study can serve as a model for the design of clinical trials that help to support the combined use of EGb 761 and anti‐dementia drugs in patients with MCI.
Creating law to seek information and protect the public, Part 5
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: August 2022

The flurry of legal activity from 1994 to 2002 requiring public officials to register convicted sex offenders was pretty impressive. Not only was the legislative intent to protect the public present, but there was also bipartisan support to “get it right” if some significant details had been left out of an act that had already been passed. Most of these “details” were the results of what was not included in previous legislation.
Review lessons from the pandemic to be ready for the next crisis
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic created a range of challenges for Registrar's Offices. Iman K. Riddick, Registrar and Assistant Dean at The Institute of World Politics, compared it to a giant traffic jam. The usual commute to the office becomes much more difficult, requiring information gathering and problem‐solving.
You have to give power to empower your team
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: August 2022

Although there's a good amount of truth to the familiar adage “you have to spend money to make money,” the reality is that some people have much simply given to them and yet they may not have the skills to augment their resources beyond that point.
Answer every question with ‘yes,’ encourage professional development
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2022

“Answer every question with ‘yes.’” Jonathan T. Reece, M.Ed., University Registrar at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, credits that philosophy for his professional success, and it's the advice he gives his staff members and others for growing their careers.
Exploring veterinary professionals’ perceptions of pet weight‐related communication in companion animal veterinary practice
Authors: Sutherland Katja A. , Coe Jason B. , O'Sullivan Terri L.
Published: August 2022

Background

Pet obesity is commonly encountered by veterinary professionals, yet little is known about their perception of communicating about pet weight. The objective of this study was to explore veterinary professionals’ perception of discussing pet obesity with clients.

Methods

An online survey targeting veterinary professionals was distributed via social media and veterinary organisation newsletters. Topics included respondents’ perceptions of weight‐related communication, factors related to approaching weight conversations and implicit weight bias.

Results

A total of 102 respondents to the survey were included in the final analysis. Avoidance of discussing pet obesity with certain clients was common (53.9%; 55/102). The most endorsed term for describing pets with excess weight to clients was ‘overweight’ (97.1%; 99/102). The pet's body condition score was rated the most important factor to consider when deciding how to approach a weight discussion with clients. Although only 29 participants completed the implicit association test (IAT), most of these participants were identified as having an unconscious preference for thin people. The small sample size limited the vignette analysis to descriptive only, and the IAT results should be interpreted cautiously.

Conclusion

This exploratory, cross‐sectional study provides early insight into veterinary professionals’ perceptions of pet obesity‐related communication and suggests the presence of weight bias in the profession that warrants further investigation.