bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operation of Residential Irrigation Controllers
Authors: Dukes Michael D. , Haman Dorota Z.
Published: November 2020

Automatic landscape irrigation systems have become quite common in Florida in recent years. Electronic irrigation controllers are used to control these systems; however, it is not always obvious how to program these controllers to apply the desired amount of irrigation water. This document is CIR1421, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published July 2002.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae220
How Much Space Does My Shade Tree Need? Planting Space Recommendations for Medium and Large Trees in Florida Cities
Authors: Hilbert Deborah R. , Koeser Andrew , Moffis Brooke L. , Rowell JuWanda G. , McLean Drew C.
Published: November 2020

Trees provide urban landscapes with shade, beauty, and habitat. They can also help lessen the effects of flooding and urban heat buildup while storing carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. When planted in the wrong place, however, trees can damage urban infrastructure. To maximize the benefits provided by urban trees, we need better-informed tree selection and larger planting spaces with the capacity to support big-canopy trees. This new 8-page fact sheet is intended to help arborists, urban foresters, landscape designers, landscapers, and anyone else responsible for the planting of trees in developed areas make informed decisions regarding the planting width requirements of the trees they select. Written by Deborah R. Hilbert, Andrew K. Koeser, Brooke L. Moffis, JuWanda G. Rowell, and Drew C. McLean, and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep592
The Mediterranean Lifestyle: The Power of Food
Authors: Lim Charissa , Hosey Alexa , Tadros Farah , Woodard Madison , Andrade Jeanette
Published: November 2020

The Mediterranean diet dates back to the early 1960s, in which the population living among the Mediterranean basin, much of Greece and Southern Italy consumed high amounts of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and unprocessed cereals with minimal consumption of meat. This dietary pattern has been shown to improve heart health, maintain weight, and reduce the risk for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This new 6-page publication discusses the Mediterranean dietary pattern and provides tips to incorporate this lifestyle into daily life, as well as sample recipes. Written by Charissa Lim, Alexa Hosey, Farah Tadros, Madison Woodard, and Jeanette Andrade, and published by the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs399
Triangulation: Establishing the Validity of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Guion Lisa A.
Published: November 2020

This publication is FCS6014, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication: September 2002.
Rice Beetle, Dyscinetus morator (Fab.) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Woodruff Robert E.
Published: November 2020

he rice beetle, Dyscinetus morator (Fabricius) (Figure 1), is a common beetle in the eastern half of the United States, and it is one of the most ubiquitous species taken in blacklight traps during much of the year. It appears to be only a minor pest, but it is often brought to the homeowner's attention because of the large quantities found around lights. This document is EENY-102, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date July 1999. Reviewed May 2003. 

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in259
Wasp Parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Sourakov Andrei , Mitchell Everett
Published: November 2020

This document is EENY-123, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: March 2000.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in280
DIGITAL SKILLS OF A MODERN SCHOOLCHILD AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THEIR FORMATION IN THE SCHOOL INFORMATICS COURSE
Authors: Bosova L. L.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes some of the problems that arose during the transition to learning in self-isolation mode, including the lack of the required level of skills for the majority of schoolchildren to use e-learning and distance learning technologies. The European model "The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens" and the levels of digital skills allocated within this model — Foundation, Intermediate, Advanced and Highly Specialized, are considered. The requirements for the ICT competencies of schoolchildren, fixed in the FSES of General Education, are presented. The role and capabilities of the school informatics course in the formation of students' digital skills are shown. The directions of work on the effective formation of digital skills of schoolchildren are indicated.
MELOTHRIA (CUCURBITACEAE): A NEW GENUS RECORD OF NATURALIZED CUCUMBER IN SUMATRA
Authors: Achmmad Mustaqim Wendy , Fuady Putra Hirmas
Published: November 2020

Melothria (Cucurbitaceae): A New Genus Record of Naturalized Cucumber in Sumatra. Floribunda 6(5): 183–187.  — The first record of a naturalized cucumber genus Melothria (Cucurbitaceae) is presented for Sumatra, represented by one cosmopolitan species Melothria pendula. The species has been found during an exploration in the northern part of the island. A morphological description, distribution map, brief discussions, and photographs are given.
Voluntary Rescue Service in Hungary: The HUSZÁR Team
Authors: Hábermayer Tamás , Horváth Péter
Published: November 2020

HUSZÁR, the Hungarian National Organisation for Rescue Services, was founded in 2012 and now has a staff of over 80. HUSZÁR is a special rescue unit that can be deployed in domestic and international disaster management. Based on the United Nations International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (UN INSARAG) classification, HUSZÁR is a medium level urban search and rescue team and its units are equipped with special skills and technical equipment. A special feature of the team is volunteerism combined with professional interventional skills. Its subunits can manage individual interventions, they have participated in several international disaster relief tasks following earthquakes and tsunamis, and they have also played an active role in the preparation of other nations’ rescue teams.
Solutions for the Accessibility of Water Sources for Fire Extinguishment
Authors: Herczeg Gergely , Restás Ágoston
Published: November 2020

Water is an essential fire extinguishing agent. Besides the existence of water for this purpose, the availability of water sources is essential as well. Quick and efficient access to water sources contributes to effective firefighting, thereby avoiding any increase in damage, and it protects human life. With regard to the water sources, the authors examine and analyse the anthropometric data, and the physical properties of the equipment needed for the water. These are also used to determine the conditions of optimal access to the various water sources for firefighting.
Deforestation Control and Forest Monitoring using Internet of Trees
Authors: K V Divya , Ranjan Abhishek , Prasad Gagan , Shankar K Harshitha
Published: November 2020

Forests play an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and deforestation is a key driver of climate change. The manual monitoring of the forest to prevent unauthorized activities is a practically difficult job. There is a need for high-resolution, global forest monitoring tool. The four major operations that are essential in monitoring the forest are developed in this work, namely tree cutting detection, fire detection, landslide detection, and smoke detection using a sound sensor, temperature sensor, vibration & moisture sensor, and smoke sensor respectively. An Arduino UNO microcontroller is used along with the Wi-Fi module to communicate to the forest department. The sensed data from sensors is collected and sent to the authorized department via the Wi-Fi module. IoT has widely used technology in forest monitoring applications. In addition, this paper uses the NodeMCU module through which employees of the forest department can be notified over mobile phones if any sensed data crosses the threshold value.
Rol del directivo y docente en el nivel de lectura del estudiante
Authors: Condori Ojeda Porfirio
Published: November 2020

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinarla relación existente entre gestióndirectiva, desempeño docente y losresultados de la evaluación censal deestudiantes en lectura (ECEL). El diseño escorrelacional y la muestra estuvo constituida por381 estudiantes, 340 directivos y 376 docentes deeducación primaria y secundaria de la región Puno.A quienes se les aplicaron los instrumentos:cuestionario de gestión directiva elaborado enbase a la matriz de evaluación para la acreditaciónde educación básica regular del Ministerio deEducación del Perú (MEP, 2016); cuestionario dedesempeño docente en base a la matriz dedesempeños del MEP (2014) y una ficha deverificación de los resultados de lectura obtenidosde la base de datos del MEP (2016),respectivamente. Se confirmaron las hipótesisporque existe una relación positiva débil entre lagestión directiva y la ECEL, rho= 0.410; la relaciónentre desempeño docente y ECEL es positivamoderada, rho= 0.579; y la relación entre gestióndirectiva y desempeño docente es positivamoderada, rho=0.528.
Cyber quest as a means of supporting cognitive activity when teaching a foreign language online
Authors:   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Lozhkina Nina A. , Rubleva Olga S. ,   Vyatka State University, Tyutyunnik Svetlana I. ,   Vyatka State University, Belyaeva Tatiana K. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University
Published: November 2020

The problem and the aim of the study. The transformation of the educational space has identified as priorities for online teaching: improving the quality of the materials provided, supporting cognitive activity and students’ independence, preparing teachers for the active use of web technologies. To implement these requirements, the authors propose the use of cyber quests, which in a game form allow providing additional resources for formation of the foreign language communicative competence. Research methods. To obtain theoretical generalizations, the analysis of scientific works on the problem of gamification of learning, formation of cognitive activity and foreign-language communicative competence was used. The cyber quest was implemented in the Quandary software environment. The study involved 90 first-year students of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The Pearson χ2 (chi-square) criterion was used in the experiment. Results. The essence of the concept «cyber quest», its functions and capabilities are investigated. The stages of developing cyber quests based on virtual worlds for learning a foreign language in the online format are defined. The mechanics of cyber quests in the Quandary program environment are described in detail (implementation options “Assembling the parts of the whole”; “Experience rating”; “Maintenance of an interactive object”; “Successive activation”). The cyber quest is focused on solving future professional problems in the direction of preparing “Agricultural Engineering” and includes two organization strategies: “Control” and “Training”. The main difficulties of software implementation (for example, the ambiguity of using open-type assignments) and methodological support (the need to maintain balance between the game and learning) are highlighted. The dynamics was assessed according to the levels of formation of the cognitive activity and statistically significant differences were revealed on the qualitative changes that occurred in the pedagogical system χ2obs. 2 > χ2crit.0.05 (6,70 > 5,99). In conclusion factors that ensure the effective use of the cyber quest to support the cognitive activity of students when learning a foreign language in the online format are summarized: non-linear motion paths; resolution of problematic situations of the practice-oriented nature; combination of entertaining and cognitive components, etc.
A model for the implementation of advanced foreign experience in the management of a pedagogical educational organization
Authors:   State Educational Institution Higher Education in the Moscow Region State University for the Humanities and Technology, Eliseev Yuri V. , Yusupova Nadia G. ,   State Educational Institution Higher Education in the Moscow Region State University for the Humanities and Technology, Izmailova Rania G. ,   State Educational Institution Higher Education in the Moscow Region State University for the Humanities and Technology
Published: November 2020

Summarizing the experience of applying educational process management technologies in educational institutions in Finland, Spain, Estonia, and Germany has great potential. In studying this problem, methods of generalization, synthesis, concretization, and study of scientific literature and the work of scientific conferences on the topic, analysis of many years of management experience were used. The key achievements of the study are (integrative, problematic) towards exclusive education, predicting the difficulties faced by teachers from different countries, argumentation in favor of developing a democratic and social learning culture, choosing the most effective model for teaching internships using a variable component. The practices of effective university management deserve special attention: coaching, mentoring, management consulting, secondment, storritelling. The effectiveness of the application of technologies for building the management of educational processes in Finland, Spain, Estonia, and Germany in a university in the Moscow region is proved.
Education of the twenty first century: features of development
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia  (RUDN University), Mukhin Mikhail I.
Published: November 2020

Relevance. The modern world is special, unprecedented changes are taking place. At the same time, present-day education does not always meet the challenges of the new millennium. The foregoing has a negative impact on the rate of development of the society and the country as a whole. The problem of this study is to reveal the aspects associated with the rapid changes in the society and the World in general, and to determine the trajectory of educational development in the third millennium. The aim is to identify, generalize and interpret the ideas for building education in the 21st century, to determine and substantiate the ways of its development. Methodology. When preparing the material, the author assigned primary importance to the conceptual provisions of humanistic pedagogy, along with the principles of integrity and systemness; objectivity; universal interrelation between phenomena; combination of the development retrospective with the development prospects; regarding the process of education development as self-evolution and self-development. Results and discussion. The proposition that education of the 21st century should be the advance one in its nature is substantiated. There is a focus on the skills to be mastered by everyone who will live in the house of the third millennium. Some content-related and technological aspects of education at a new stage of its development are revealed. Much attention is devoted to the questions of what a Person of the 21st century should be and what role the education plays in this process. The most controversial are the issues regarding transformations in the educational system: what changes are needed to create advance education, what should be improved in the nurturing system to enable a person of the third millennium not only to protect the modern civilization from sliding to the abyss, but also to ensure its progressive development, etc. Conclusion. According to futurologists, in the next two or three decades education will have to cover the distance that used to take two or three centuries. This will contribute to changes in its organizational, content-related and technological aspects. Education should become the advance one, ensuring the advance development of all institutions of the society and the country as a whole.
Distance education during the pandemic: new challenges to Russian higher education
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Grunt Elena V. , Belyaeva Ekaterina A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Sabina Lissitsa ,   Ariel University
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 was the catalyst for many processes that were actively developing in the previous period, including the further introduction of distance education in Russian higher educational institutions. Russian higher education has faced new challenges due to the total transition to distance learning in the face of the pandemic. In March–May 2020, a sociological study was conducted in a number of universities in Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Moscow. The research purpose was to identify the main challenges universities faced during the pandemic and the prospects for the further development of distance education in Russian higher education. The study used the qualitative and quantitative strategies: a questionnaire survey of students (N=500) from different fields of study (social, humanitarian, technical, economic ones) who received distance learning experience during the pandemic; in-depth interviews with teachers of Russian universities (N=20), frame analysis of students’ cases on their daily practices in online educational interaction (N=42). The study made it possible to identify the challenges faced by Russian higher education in the total transition to distance education in a pandemic: the need to adapt students and teachers to work online (80% of respondents’ answers); decline in the quality of education (62.7% of respondents’ answers); changing the role of a teacher in the educational process (68% of the respondents’ answers); digital divide in the digital culture of the younger and older generation of teachers (67% of respondents’ answers); etc. A number of contradictions were recorded in the further implementation of distance education in Russian higher education. Considering that the policy towards digitalization in Russia has now been declared a priority, higher education cannot remain aloof from technological progress. Besides, the further introduction of distance learning should take place with overcoming the challenges and contradictions faced by Russian higher education during the pandemic, while maintaining the national achievements of Russian higher education, acquired over its long history.
Las restricciones constitucionales de los derechos humanos en México a partir de la contradicción de tesis 293/11, análisis argumentativo y valoración ponderativa para la solución de principios normativos en conflicto
Authors: Ortega Peñuelas Edgar Iván
Published: November 2020

El estudio de las resoluciones judiciales es de gran importancia dentro de la época actual, es ahí donde se representan los razonamientos jurídicos que resuelven casos controvertidos, sobre todo aquellos de instancias superiores de impartición de justicia, uno de esos casos es la contradicción de tesis 293/11, que en México refiere a la restricción de los derechos humanos, criterio jurisprudencial que tratamos de analizar desde la óptica de la argumentación jurídica.
The Ways to Improve the Accounting-Analytical Provision of the Non-Profit Communal Healthcare Enterprises
Authors:   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Krasnikova N. G.
Published: November 2020

The article examines the organizational aspect of accounting for incomes and expenses, as well as the problems of accounting for incomes and expenses of the non-profit communal healthcare enterprises (CNP HA). The accounting-analytical information is considered as the socio-economic basis of business globalization, which is relevant in the context of strengthening the value of accounting and reporting for the further development of economic science and practice. The essence of the concept of «accounting-analytical provision of social needs», ways, forms and factors of its improvement are researched. The directions of improvement of the accounting-analytical provision of the activities of the non-profit communal healthcare enterprises and ways to modernize the methodology of carrying out the internal audit of incomes and expenses are proposed. The accounting-analytical provision of the enterprise is one of the main prerequisites for the effective functioning of any enterprise and an important element of the formation of the efficient managerial decisions. The purpose of the accounting-analytical provision of the activities of the CNP HA is to provide the management staff of the enterprise with complete, timely and reliable information for the adoption of current and strategic managerial decisions. The accounting and reporting system should be formed in accordance with the adopted methodological principles and approaches to analytical researches aimed at a comprehensive impact on the activities of the enterprise to ensure profit and strengthen its financial position in the market. Priority directions for improving the principles and methods of accounting and auditing of incomes and expenses of CNP HA are defined; the same is considered with regard to the economic analysis to maximum satisfying the needs of users in making managerial decisions as to the dynamic development of the CNP HA. The proposed directions for improving the methodology for carrying out an internal audit of incomes and expenses allow for operational analysis and control of incomes and expenses, and in the future use this information to make effective decisions on the functioning of the non-profit communal healthcare enterprises in the long term perspective.
Politik dan Situasi Sosial dalam Sejarah Keroncong di Indonesia
Authors: Zandra Rully Aprilia , Rustopo Rustopo
Published: November 2020

Keroncong merupakan musik, instrumen musik, dan genre yang diklaim sebagai warisan budaya indonesia. Keroncong sebagai warisan budaya tentunya memiliki sejarah yang panjang.sejarah yang panjang juga tidak akan luput dari pasang surut dan perkembangan. Pasang surut dan perkembangan umumnya dipengaruhi politik dan situasi sosial. Untuk memetakan sejarah keroncong di Indonesia yang diwarnai politik dan situasi sosial, data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi, telaah pustaka, dan wawancara. Data valid dikonfirmasi dan dipaparkan secara kronologis berdasar periodesasinya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keroncong bermula dari diseminasi instrumen musik bangsa Portugis yang menjalin hubungan dengan Majapahit. Diseminasi instrumen fado di nusantara mengalami perubahan morfologi dan teknik perlakuan alatnya. Perubahan morfologi dan perlakuan alat ini melahirkan instrumen keroncong atau cukulele. Gaya lirik dibangun oleh kearifan lokal nusantara sesuai demografi dan situasi sosial di masing-masing lokasi penciptaannya. Gaya lirik dan pasang surut popularitas keroncong sebagai kelompok musik didorong dan dihentikan oleh naik turunnya kekuatan politik Portugis, Majapahit, Belanda, Jepang, dan Orde Lama dan Orde Baru. Political and Social Situations in the History of Keroncong in IndonesiaAbstract:Keroncong is music, musical instrument, and the genre that is claimed to be Indonesia's cultural heritage. Keroncong, as a cultural heritage, certainly has a long history. A long history will not escape its ups and downs and developments. Political and social situations generally influence the ups and downs and developments. In order to map the history of keroncong in Indonesia, which is colored by politics and social situations, data is collected through documentation, literature review, and interviews. Valid data are confirmed and presented chronologically based on the periodization. The results of this study indicate that keroncong originated from the dissemination of Portuguese musical instruments, which had a relationship with Majapahit. The dissemination of fado instruments in the archipelago has changed the morphology and treatment techniques of the tools. Changes in the morphology and treatment of this tool gave birth to the keroncong or Cukulele instrument. The local wisdom of the archipelago builds the lyric style according to the demographics and social situations in each location of its creation. The lyric style and the ebb and flow of keroncong's popularity as a musical group was driven and stopped by the ups and downs of the political power of the Portuguese, Majapahit, Dutch, Japanese, and the Old and New Order.
ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE STATE OF ECOSYSTEMS ON ATLASOVA ISLAND (KURIL ISLANDS)
Authors:   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Verkhoturov Alexey A.
Published: November 2020

The territory of the Kuril Islands is a chain of volcanic structures and is subject, to certain extent, to volcanic hazards. Atlasova Island is composed of products of the Alaid volcano, which is characterized by effusive and explosive activity. The article analyzes the changes in ecosystems on Atlasov island, which are periodically caused by the Alaid volcano eruption. Large amount of pyroclastic material are brought to the surface during explosive eruptions: blocks, bombs, tephra, lapilli and volcanic ash, which is transported in the atmosphere over very long distances. Ecosystems are affected by pyroclastic deposition over a large area of island land. The purpose of this study was to identify the nature and extent of changes in the state of ecosystems affected by volcanic eruptions from multi-zone satellite images of medium resolution. Analysis of data obtained from space systems Landsat and Sentinel for the period 1972 to 2020, in GIS environment allowed us to trace the dynamics and character of the successions to the affected areas on the calculated values of the vegetation index NDVI. Techniques developed in the process of studying this issue can further facili-tate rapid assessment of impacts on ecosystems at the effusive-explosive eruptions and forecast volcanic hazard for surrounding areas.
PREDICTING FOREST LAND COVER CHANGES OF DONG NAI RESERVE, VIETNAM
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Kovyazin Vasiliy F. , Thi Lan Anh Dang ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Viet Hung Dang ,   Vietnam National University of Forestry – Dong Nai Campus
Published: November 2020

The study was conducted in Dong Nai Reserve, specially protected natural area (SPNA), Vietnam. It aims to analyze and forecast forest land cover in the Reserve. For these purposes were studied satellite images (Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8) taken in 2003, 2011 and 2019. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to identify vegetation quality. Forest land cover was divided into 5 categories using maximum likelihood classifier algorithm. In order to detect and evaluate forest land cover changes, supervised classification and image differencing method are applied. Then, Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model was employed for making forecast of forest land cover in this area. The results of the study indicate that forest land cover change is being transformed in Dong Nai Reserve. According to our estimation, from 2003 to 2019, the area covered by woody vegetation increased by 7.0 %. By 2035, the area of broad-leaved forests will increase by 1.6 %, due to a decrease in areas of meadows and shrubs. The dynamics of increasing forest land is explained by the measures taken by the Vietnamese government to expand the area of forests in SPNA.
ESTIMATION OF COORDINATES ACCURACY DETERMINATION BY EFT M3 GNSS AND EFT M4 GNSS SATELLITE RECEIVERS IN RTK MODE
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Elagin Alexandr V. , Zaitsev Mikhail V. ,   Effective Technologies Center LLC, Prokhorov Dmitry A. ,   Effective Technologies Center LLC, Shendrik Nikolay K. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the test results of satellite receivers EFT M3 GNSS and EFT M4 GNSS in Real Time Kinematic (RTK) mode. At ten points near the NSKW permanent operating base station, measurements were made in the RTK mode by the tested receivers and in the "static" mode by the Trimble 5700 receiver. In addition, the normal heights of points from leveling of class II with the N-05 level were determined. The points are removed from the base station at distances from 39 m to 1227 m. The accuracy was estimated by the differences of double non-equal measurements in the RTK and "static" modes. For additional control of the accuracy estimation in determining the heights, differences of normal and geodetic heights are used. The work shows that the mean square error of measurements in the RTK mode does not exceed 16 mm in plan and height. In RTK mode, modern GNSS receivers EFT M3 GNSS and EFT M4 GNSS can achieve a centimeter level of accuracy in determining the spatial coordinates of points. The errors of the tested receivers in RTK mode are comparable.
IMPROVEMENT OF HIGH-PRECISION LEVELLING METHOD BY DIGITAL LEVELS IN THE CONDITION OF NON-SUFFICIENT LIGHT INTENSITY OF LINED ROD
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Salnikov Valerij G.
Published: November 2020

The performing of high-precision geometric leveling by short beams with the purpose of control for the process of building and exploitation of engineering structures and industrial equipment is carried out with visual reading levels or digital levels in case there are a lot of disturbance effects, the basic of which are the vibrations of some equipment in operation, rapid temperature changes, and also non-sufficient and irregular light intensity of bar-code or lined rods. The purpose of the article is the improvement of high-precision leveling method performance by digital levels in the condition of insufficient light intensity of bar-code rods. The article considers the influence of insufficient light intensity of bar-code rods on the leveling station work by digital levels. Due to irregular and insufficient light intensity of the rod the receiver of the digital level does not allow to read distinctly the bar-code and to perform its processing and output to the indication unit in metric system. That’s why for accurate measurement on the station the light intensity of the rods should be sufficient, nearly similar and regular. The article gives the results of using the rod, equipped with light-emitting diodes to provide its sufficient and regular lighting.
Türkiye’de Trafik Kazaları ve Sürücülerin Kazalardaki Payı
Authors: Kuyumcu Zeliha Çağla , Aslan Hakan , Yose Meutia Ayuni , Ahadi Suhrab
Published: November 2020

Dünya’da her yıl trafik kazaları nedeniyle 1,35 milyon kişi hayatını kaybetmekte, 20-50 milyon kişi ise yaralanmaktadır. Çocuk ve genç (5-29 yaş arası) ölüm nedenlerinin başında trafik kazaları gelmektedir. Savunmasız yol kullanıcıları olarak tanımlanan yayalar, bisikletliler, 2-3 tekerlekli motosiklet kullanıcıları tüm kazalarda hayatını kaybedenlerin yüzde ellisini oluşturmakta olup, düşük gelirli ülkelerin payı yüksek gelirli ülkelere göre daha fazla olmaktadır [1]. Trafik kazalarının neden olduğu bu kayıpların azaltılması için bilimsel çalışmalara, bulgulara ve sonucunda önlemlere gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Elimizde bulunan raporlara, verilere göre trafik kazalarında hatalı görünen başlıca öge sürücülerdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de gerçekleşen kazaların dağılımı ve literatürde yer alan kazalarla ilgili yapılan çalışmalar irdelenmiş, veri madenciliği konseptinde yapılması planlanan çalışmanın altlığı oluşturulmuştur.
Investigation of the effect of Crumb Rubber Additive on the Fracture of characteristics of asphalt mixtures in control and asphalt rubber mixtures
Authors: Hashimi Sayed Naqibullah , Ahadi Suhrab , Aslan Hakan , Kuyumcu Zeliha Cagla
Published: November 2020

The failure of cracking is one of the main concerns regarding the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Since the characteristic of the materials of the mixtures has impact on their cracking potential, the main conception of this research is to evaluate the effect of the type of size and additive percentage of crumb rubber modified (CRM) on the resistance of mixtures to crack at mid and low temperatures. For this purpose, rubber bitumen containing 10% and 15% crumb rubber with fine and coarse sizes with wet process was prepared. Asphalt mixtures with dense and gap grading were designed by using rubber bitumen produced by superpave method. The three-points bending test of semicircle bending sample (SCB) was used to evaluate the fracture characteristics of asphalt mixtures at low and middle temperatures (25°C and -12°C). Accordingly, the failure characteristics of asphalt mixtures were evaluated in two modes with short-term and long-term aging. The failure test results indicated that the produced mixtures with crumb rubbers additive have high resourcing resistance compared to control mixtures (without crumb rubber additive), were also revealed. Mixtures with dense grading and fine crumb rubber have high fracture resistance compared to mix with gap grading and coarse crumb rubber. Also, the increasing of the percentage of crumb rubber improved the resistance of the mixed failure. In general, it can be stated that the addition of crumb rubber increases the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures which can improve its performance before cracking at mid and low temperatures.
Comparison performance of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Inference systems in forecasting precious metals price Case Study: Gold, Silver, Platinum and Palladium
Authors: Mahmoodzada Abdulsaboor , Ahadi Suhrab , Mahmoodzada Abdul Basir
Published: November 2020

Awareness about the price of precious metals and the correct prediction on the process of taking decision can bring facilities, and purchasing them in the global market and recognizing the specific time of dealing can cause investment. In this article comparison of the performance of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Inference Systems in predicting the price of the precious metals (Case Study: Gold, Silver, Platinum and Palladium).has been pointed. The information about each of these metals (Gold, Silver, Platinum and Palladium) is monthly considered from 1998 until 2018 including 360 data. Thus, by examining different influential variables, National Product Parameters, Time, getting higher the value of USD dollar against the Canadian dollar, global production and global reserves of precious metals are chosen as influential variables. In this research, implementation of (ANFIS) is made for the prediction model by using Artificial and Fuzzy Neural Model. Evaluation of models by using coefficient values, the average set of squares and the square root of the average set of the squares in order of the values for Gold 0.9964 , 0.000268 & 0.01637 for silver 0.987, 0.000092 & 0.0096, for platinum 0.9976, 0.000209 & 0.01448 and for palladium 0.99, 0.0001 & 0.01 have been achieved. As a result, while the best predictive model for the price of gold and platinum is Artificial Neural Networks, the model of ANFIS is suggested for the silver and palladium.
Medikal Endüstride Yapay Zeka ve Uzman Sistemlerin Sürekli İyileştirmeye Etkisi
Authors: Altunok Ceren , Ünver Muharrem
Published: November 2020

Yapay zeka ve üretim endüstrisinin son yıllardaki gelişimiyle esneklik sağlanırken hızın ve verimliliğin artışını görmemek imkansızdır. İnsan hatalarının önüne geçebilecek makinelerin üretim hattında insanlarla veya tek başlarına kullanılmaları teorisi daha önceleri kulağa çok yabancı gelse de firmayı ve çalışan personeli büyük bir yükten kurtardığı yadsınamaz bir gerçektir.Bu çalışma, medikal alanda üretim yapan bir firmada “Serebral Palsi” hastalığıyla mücadele eden çocuklar için üretilen yürüteçlere yönelik olarak yapılmıştır. Sorun; yürüteçlerin yapım aşamasındaki montaj hattında çıkan bir vidalama sorunudur. (Vidaların yeterince sıkılmaması ya da gereğinden fazla sıkılarak malzemeyi zedelenmesi) Serebral Palsi hastalığına sahip çocuklar için yaptığımız yürüteçler firmamızda çeşitli hatlardan parçalar halinde gelerek montaj hattımızda insan gücüyle birleştirilmekteydiler. Bu yürüteçlerde çok fazla parça ve bu parçaları birleştirmek için çok fazla materyal kullanmamızdan dolayı insan gücünün montaj kısmında yetersiz kalarak hatalara yol açtığını ve bu hataların maliyetinin hem üretim takvimi hem de kalite kontrol standartlarımız açısından büyük bir problem yarattığını fark ettik. Montaj hattından boya kısmına gitmeden bazı parçaların yerinden çıkması ve tekrar montaj hattına gönderilmesi ya da malzemelerin zarar görerek çizilmesi ve kalite standartlarımızın altında kalması hem zaman hem de maliyet açısından bizi kötü etkilemekteydi.
Histone Deacetylase 3 Aggravates Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Inhibiting Lymphocyte Apoptosis Through the microRNA-296-5p/Bcl-xl Axis
Authors: Hu Qibo , Che Guanghua , Yang Yu , Xie Hongchang , Tian Jing
Published: November 2020

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in T1DM pathogenesis. Although histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been reported to be involved in T1DM, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the potential regulatory role of Hdac3 on T1DM progression. The expression of miR-296-5p and B-cell leukemia-XL (BCL-XL) was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with T1DM, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and cycloheximide (CHX)-induced cell model, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model. The binding affinity between miR-296-5p and Bcl-xl was verified by using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and the binding between Hdac3 and the promoter region of miR-296-5p was validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Western blot analysis and flow cytometry were conducted to assess the apoptotic events of lymphocytes. miR-296-5p expression was downregulated while BCL-XL expression was upregulated in PBMCs of patients with T1DM. An adverse correlation was identified between miR-296-5p and Bcl-xl in mouse TE15 B lymphocytes. Bcl-xl was further validated to be targeted and negatively regulated by miR-296-5p in 293 T cells. Hdac3 inhibited miR-296-5p expression by binding to its promoter region. The effects of overexpressed Hdac3 on lymphocyte apoptosis was counterweighed via downregulation of Bcl-xl or upregulation of miR-296-5p, the mechanism of which was further validated in a rat model of DM. Taken together, the Hdac3-mediated upregulation of Bcl-xl via inhibiting miR-296-5p promoter activity enhanced the anti-apoptotic capacity of lymphocytes to accelerate the occurrence of T1DM.
Chromosome Manipulation for Plant Breeding Purposes
Authors: Prieto Pilar
Published: November 2020

The transfer of genetic variability from related species into crops has been a main objective for decades in breeding programs. Breeders have used interspecific genetic crosses and alien introgression lines to achieve this goal, but the success is always dependent on the interspecific chromosome associations between the alien chromosomes and those from the crop during early meiosis. In this Special Issue, the strength of chromosome manipulation in a breeding framework is revealed through research and review papers that combine molecular markers, cytogenetics tools and other traditional breeding techniques. The papers and reviews included in this Special Issue “Chromosome manipulation for plant breeding purposes” describe the development and/or characterization of new plant material carrying desirable traits and the study of chromosome associations and recombination during meiosis. New tools to facilitate the transfer of desired traits from a donor species into a crop can be developed by expanding the knowledge of chromosome associations during meiosis.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Fighting Antimicrobial Resistance in Pediatrics
Authors: Fanelli Umberto , Pappalardo Marco , Chinè Vincenzo , Gismondi Pierpacifico , Neglia Cosimo , Argentiero Alberto , Calderaro Adriana , Prati Andrea , Esposito Susanna
Published: November 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of science and engineering concerned with the computational understanding of what is commonly called intelligent behavior. AI is extremely useful in many human activities including medicine. The aim of our narrative review is to show the potential role of AI in fighting antimicrobial resistance in pediatric patients. We searched for PubMed articles published from April 2010 to April 2020 containing the keywords “artificial intelligence”, “machine learning”, “antimicrobial resistance”, “antimicrobial stewardship”, “pediatric”, and “children”, and we described the different strategies for the application of AI in these fields. Literature analysis showed that the applications of AI in health care are potentially endless, contributing to a reduction in the development time of new antimicrobial agents, greater diagnostic and therapeutic appropriateness, and, simultaneously, a reduction in costs. Most of the proposed AI solutions for medicine are not intended to replace the doctor’s opinion or expertise, but to provide a useful tool for easing their work. Considering pediatric infectious diseases, AI could play a primary role in fighting antibiotic resistance. In the pediatric field, a greater willingness to invest in this field could help antimicrobial stewardship reach levels of effectiveness that were unthinkable a few years ago.
Emergence of cfr-Mediated Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pig Carcasses
Authors: Kang Hee Young , Moon Dong Chan , Mechesso Abraham Fikru , Choi Ji-Hyun , Kim Su-Jeong , Song Hyun-Ju , Kim Mi Hyun , Yoon Soon-Seek , Lim Suk-Kyung
Published: November 2020

Altogether, 2547 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cattle (n = 382), pig (n = 1077), and chicken carcasses (n = 1088) during 2010–2017 were investigated for linezolid resistance and were further characterized using molecular methods. We identified linezolid resistance in only 2.3% of pig carcass isolates. The linezolid-resistant (LR) isolates presented resistance to multiple antimicrobials, including chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and tiamulin. Molecular investigation exhibited no mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA. Nevertheless, we found mutations in ribosomal proteins rplC (G121A) and rplD (C353T) in one and seven LR strains, respectively. All the LR isolates carried the multi-resistance gene cfr, and six of them co-carried the mecA gene. Additionally, all the LR isolates co-carried the phenicol exporter gene, fexA, and presented a high level of chloramphenicol resistance. LR S. aureus isolates represented 10 genotypes, including major genotypes ST433-t318, ST541-t034, ST5-t002, and ST9-t337. Staphylococcal enterotoxin and leukotoxin-encoding genes, alone or in combination, were detected in 68% of LR isolates. Isolates from different farms presented identical or different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Collectively, toxigenic and LR S. aureus strains pose a crisis for public health. This study is the first to describe the mechanism of linezolid resistance in S. aureus isolated from food animal products in Korea.
Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from Healthy and Diseased Turkeys
Authors: Tawyabur Md. , Islam Md. Saiful , Sobur Md. Abdus , Hossain Md. Jannat , Mahmud Md. Muket , Paul Sumon , Hossain Muhammad Tofazzal , Ashour Hossam M. , Rahman Md. Tanvir
Published: November 2020

Diseases caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. can negatively impact turkey farming. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and Salmonella spp. in healthy and diseased turkeys. A total of 30 fecal samples from healthy turkeys and 25 intestinal samples from diseased turkeys that died of enteritis were collected. Bacterial isolation and identification were based on biochemical properties and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiogram profiles were determined by disk diffusion. The tetracycline-resistance gene tetA was detected by PCR. All samples were positive for E. coli. Only 11 samples (11/30; 36.67%) were positive for Salmonella spp. from healthy turkeys, whereas 16 (16/25; 64%) samples were positive for Salmonella spp. from diseased turkeys. E. coli isolated from diseased turkeys showed higher resistance to levofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy turkeys exhibited higher resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, imipenem, and meropenem. All E. coli and Salmonella spp. from both healthy and diseased turkeys were resistant to erythromycin. Salmonella spp. from both healthy and diseased turkeys were resistant to tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was observed in both E. coli and Salmonella spp. from diseased turkeys. Finally, the tetA gene was detected in 93.1% of the E. coli isolates and in 92.59% of the Salmonella spp. isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and characterize tetA-gene-containing MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. from healthy and diseased turkeys in Bangladesh. Both microorganisms are of zoonotic significance and represent a significant public health challenge.
Upper Second Molar Distalization with Clear Aligners: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Rossini Gabriele , Schiaffino Matteo , Parrini Simone , Sedran Ambra , Deregibus Andrea , Castroflorio Tommaso
Published: November 2020

Among orthodontists and scientists, in the last years, upper molar distalization has been a debated topic in the orthodontic aligner field. However, despite that few clinical studies have been published, no insights on aligners’ biomechanics regarding this movement are available. The aim of this study was to assess, through finite element analysis, the force system resulting in the upper arch during second maxillary molar distalization with clear aligners and variable attachments settings. The average tooth distalization was found to be 0.029, with buccal flaring of the upper incisors in all attachment configurations. The mesial deformation of the aligner was registered to be 0.2 mm on average. Different pressure areas on the interface between aligners and upper molars were registered, with the mesial attachment surface to be directly involved when present. Periodontal ligament pressure was reported to range between 67 g/cm2 and 132 g/cm2. Configurations with rectangular attachments from second molar-to-canine and from first molar-to-canine present, in an in silico environment, almost equal efficiency in distalizing the upper second molar. However, attachments from the second molar to the canine are suggested to be adopted in clinical environments due to greater feasibility in everyday practice.