bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Perbandingan Keamanan Data pada Website Repository UNHI dan Website SRUTI UNHI Terhadap Sniffing Process Menggunakan Aplikasi Wireshark
Authors: Bayu Suputra I Made Ramanda , Asmarajaya I Kadek Andy , Adi Jaya I Kadek Noppi
Published: January 2025

The rapid development of information technology has increased the risk of data security
in computer networks, especially through information sniffing. Universitas Hindu Indonesia (UNHI)
has two web platforms, Repository UNHI and SRUTI UNHI, which use different protocols (HTTP
and HTTPS). This research analyzes and compares data security on both websites against
sniffing attacks using the Wireshark application and provides insights into the vulnerabilities of
the HTTP protocol and the advantages of the HTTPS protocol. This research uses a descriptive
method with a qualitative approach applied through the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC).
Wireshark is used to capture and analyze data packets on the network of both websites. The
analysis results show that the Repository UNHI website, which uses HTTP, is highly vulnerable
to sniffing attacks, with Wireshark successfully Capturing and reading sensitive data such as
usernames and passwords. Conversely, the SRUTI UNHI website, which uses HTTPS,
demonstrates a higher level of security as the data transmitted is encrypted. This research
indicates that the use of the HTTPS protocol significantly enhances data security compared to
HTTP
Gidoodikosan Giiwitaabimin - We sit in a circle for kidneys, a strength-based qualitative study.
Authors: Smith Mary , Bachynski Jovina Concepcion , Schick-Makaroff Kara , Paré Geneviève C. , Smith Katherine Abbigail , Tranmer Joan E. , Silva e Silva Vanessa
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The overall aim of this qualitative study was to inform recommendations towards Indigenous strength-based approaches for kidney health, prevention of disease and failure. Between 2020 and 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted online interviews and teleconferences with 16 participants from North Simcoe in Ontario, Canada. Participants shared their experiences revolving around kidney disease and care within Indigenous contexts. An advisory committee consisting of members from a First Nation community with personal and familial experiences with kidney disease provided direction to the research in conjunction with the research team. Analysis occurred through the collective consensual data analytic procedure (CCDAP) consistent with a strength-based methodology that involved the coming together of community members with the research team. Themes were identified into groupings that led to the recommendations related to (1) health care continuity of traditional and cultural ways of knowing and being; (2) accessible hemodialysis and support for home dialysis; (3) increased kidney transplantation and kidney organ donation, (4) increased telehealth and virtual medicine; and (5) government support and funding. Accessible culturally safe care within home communities that also serves to limit the spread of COVID-19 infection was prioritized.
El Estado es responsable: intervenciones omisivas en femicidios en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Paz Ruiz Denise Soledad , Gastiazoro Eugenia
Published: January 2025

En Argentina en los últimos años la visibilización de la violencia por motivos de género ha sido acompañada del incremento de denuncias y la creación de diversas políticas públicas para abordarla. Sin embargo, se continúan suscitando femicidios en los que las personas victimizadas ya habían solicitado la intervención del Estado. Nos preguntamos, desde una perspectiva feminista, por las omisiones del Estado frente a denuncias por violencias de género. Para explorar esa vinculación, analizamos dos casos que sentaron precedentes judiciales en torno a femicidios en Córdoba-Argentina. Los resultados permiten construir las diferentes dimensiones de la omisión estatal en el abordaje de las violencias que limitan el acceso a la justicia: deficiente escucha de las personas victimizadas que acudieron al Estado en búsqueda de ayuda, enfoque binario centrado en la diada víctima-victimario, ineficaz acceso a la protección inmediata; culpabilización y auto-diligenciamiento de la protección.
Configuración de los significados del aborto en el marco de la marcha “pro-vida” en León, Guanajuato
Authors: Sierra Macías Alejandra , Gómez González María del Pilar , Cienfuegos Martínez Yessica Ivet
Published: January 2025

El aborto es un concepto que ha sido permeado por diferentes elementos sociales, culturares, políticos, económicos, e incluso, religiosos. Existen diversos movimientos provida en los que se plantea el rechazo y la resistencia contra esta práctica. Estos grupos defienden sus posturas utilizando como insumos discursivos componentes biológicos, éticos, morales y legales. En este artículo se plantea como objetivo comprender la configuración de los significados del aborto en el marco de la marcha pro-vida convocada por instituciones eclesiásticas en León, Guanajuato, México. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo con un enfoque etnográfico, para lo cual fueron definidos como insumos dos momentos clave, la convocatoria y la marcha del grupo provida en León, Guanajuato. Se aplicaron las técnicas de observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y recopilación de material fotográfico. Para la comprensión y construcción del fenómeno de estudio se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido, tanto de texto, como de imágenes. A partir de esta metodología se logró determinar la manera en que los discursos son permeados por argumentos centrados en la moralidad católica. Por ejemplo, se utiliza la imagen de María, a quien definen como una virgen madre cuidadora y capaz de sacrificarse a sí misma para atender las necesidades de los otros. También se identificó la persistencia de las creencias referentes a las consecuencias del aborto y sus procedimientos que ya han sido cuestionadas por estudios científicos, por ejemplo, la correlación de los daños emocionales y psicológicos, que parecen depender del contexto sociocultural de la persona, y no del procedimiento en sí (Hernández y Maorenzic, 2010). Otros hallazgos fueron la manipulación de los hechos biológicos y/o la interpretación errónea de principios jurídicos. Dentro del discurso del sector provida se afirma que las mujeres están obligadas a llevar a término su embarazo aunque no lo deseen. Dentro de este marco, el “derecho a la vida” es aplicado a la vida del feto, ya que el aborto es condenado aun en casos en los que está en riesgo su vida.
Comportamiento de muros de adobe con aislamiento sísmico empleando shicras bajo carga lateral monotónica
Authors: Revelo Sánchez Gerardo , Aparicio Roque Fidel , Arias Enriquez Fernando , López Carranza Atilio , Jara Remigio Flor
Published: January 2025

Debido a los limitados recursos económicos y al fácil acceso al suelo como material de construcción, los pobladores de las zonas rurales suelen construir sus viviendas con adobes, sin aplicar técnicas ni normas de diseño antisísmico. Esto hace que dichas viviendas sean altamente vulnerables frente a los sismos. En este contexto, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento de los muros de adobe con aislamiento sísmico mediante el uso de shicras bajo carga lateral monotónica. Para ello, se aplicó la técnica de construcción antisísmica utilizada por la civilización Caral. Se realizó el diseño de cuatro tratamientos: T0 (sobrecimiento convencional), T1 (sobrecimiento de shicras con piedras de 5 pulg), T2 (sobrecimiento de shicras con piedras de 3 pulgadas) y T3 (sobrecimiento de shicras con piedras de 1 pulgada) con tres repeticiones para cada tratamiento. Los ensayos realizados en campo demostraron que los muros 7, 8 y 9, correspondientes al tratamiento T2 lograron los mayores desplazamientos máximos, con valores de 12,83 mm, 12,12 mm y 13,09 mm en los muros 7, 8 y 9, respectivamente. Además, estos muros resistieron cargas laterales máximas de 13,43 kN, 13,92 kN y 12,94 kN. Los sobrecimientos construidos con piedras envueltas en shicras actuaron como un aislamiento tipo rodillo, proporcionando rigidez en el plano vertical y flexibilidad en el horizontal.
Emergence, spread, and impact of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5 in wild birds and mammals of South America and Antarctica, October 2022 to March 2024
Authors: Kuiken Thijs , Vanstreels Ralph , Banyard Ashley , Begeman Lineke , Breed Andrew , Dewar Meagan , Fijn Ruben , Serafini Patricia , Uhart Marcela , Wille Michelle
Published: January 2025

The currently circulating high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the subtype H5 causes variable illness and death in wild and domestic birds and mammals, as well as in humans. This virus evolved from the Goose/Guangdong lineage of HPAI H5 virus, which emerged in commercial poultry in China in 1996, spilled over into wild birds, and spread through Asia, Europe, Africa and North America by 2021, causing the deaths of hundreds of millions of poultry and likely millions of wild birds. Our objective was to summarize the spread and impact of HPAI H5 virus in wild birds and mammals in South America, evaluate the risk of its spread and potential impact in Antarctic wildlife, and consider actions to manage the current and future HPAI outbreaks in wildlife. We found in our review that the virus arrived in South America in October 2022, followed by wide and rapid spread throughout the continent, where it infected at least 83 wild bird species and 11 wild mammal species, and is estimated to have killed at least 667,000 wild birds and 52,000 wild mammals. HPAI H5 virus spread to the Antarctic region by October 2023 and to mainland Antarctica by December 2023, associated with multiple mortality events in seabirds and marine mammals. The high spatial density of colonies of various Antarctic species of birds and mammals provides conditions for potentially devastating outbreaks with severe conservation implications. Ecosystem-level impacts may follow and affected populations may take decades to recover. Although little can be done to stop virus spread in wildlife, it is important to continue targeted surveillance of wildlife populations for HPAI H5 virus incursion, and assessment of the spread and impact of disease, both to provide information for wildlife managers to adapt conservation plans, and to help policymakers mitigate and prevent future HPAI outbreaks.
Represión y anulación del recuerdo infantil en Las batallas en el desierto
Authors: Perez Castillo Nayeli
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo analizo cómo es que la ciudad en unión con la sociedad se convierten en represoras y anuladoras del recuerdo infantil y del primer amor de Carlitos en la novela de José Emilio Pacheco: Las batallas en el desierto.
Selection of Canadian Childcare Arrangements by Immigration Status
Authors: Dhami Sameer
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the relationship between nativity status and childcare arrangements. By employing a logistic regression model to study Canadian household data, I find that immigrants are between 1.2 and 2 times more likely to use parental childcare arrangements than their non-immigrant counterparts. The magnitude of the coefficient on their nativity status varies between the two years 2006 and 2011, as well as the different household income groups. These findings illustrate issues in varying effectiveness of policy intervention designed to address childcare use between immigrant and non-immigrant households.
Evaluation of flower decorativeness of floribunda rose varieties by biological and morphological features
Authors: Brovdi A. , Polischuk V. , Ukrainets O. , Kunpan L.
Published: January 2025

The decorative value of roses is determined by a combination of morphological and biological features and characteristics of each variety. Among others, the rose flower is of central decorative importance. Floribunda rose varieties are known for their wide range of shapes, colours and aromas, which make them a valuable material for landscaping using. The study of biological and morphological characteristics of the flower of 10 floribunda rose varieties was carried out at the experimental plots of the Department of Landscape Gardening of the Uman National University of Horticulture in 2019- 2023. It was determined that the flowers of the studied floribunda rose varieties differ significantly in such indicators as colour, diameter and terryness. It has been studied that the flower diameter of floribunda rose genotypes ranges from 5.3 cm in «Lavaglut» variety to 8.0 cm in «Novalis» variety. The vast majority of varieties are classified as densely double («Hans Gonewein», «Let’s Celebrate», «Lovely Green», «Novalis», «Pomponella» and «Rotkappchen») with the number of petals ranging from 41.7 to 117.4 pcs. Two varieties have semidouble («Carmagnola» and «Westpoint») and two double («Iceberg» and «Lavaglut») flowers. The «Rotkappchen» variety has the largest number of petals and is distinguished by its rosette shape. Particular attention is drawn to the densely double spherical flowers of the «Lovely Green» and «Pomponella» varieties and the perfect cup-shaped tea-hybrid flower of the «Novalis» variety. A wide range of colours of floribunda roses allows you creating bright floral arrangements with their help. Today the varieties of rare orange («Westpoint») and purple («Novalis») colours are particularly valuable. Thus, it was found that floribunda group rose varieties are characterised by wide variability in decorative flower characteristics, which allows to use them in various types of flower plantations.
Key words: roses, floribunda group, flower, colouring, decorativeness, landscaping.
Economic assessment of spelt wheat growing technology
Authors: Karpuk L. , Zaika N. , Titarenko O. , Pavlichenko A. , Filipova L. , Ezerkovska L. , Karaulna V. , Yezerkovskiy A.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the research results aimed at the economic evaluation of the technology for growing different varieties of spelt wheat at the experimental site of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University from 2019 to 2022. The research was conducted using generally accepted agronomic methods and computer technologies for processing and summarizing the experimental results. The "Statistica-6" program was used for statistical analysis, which made it possible to obtain accurate data on the costs of growing spelt depending on microfertilizers and plant growth regulators using. Particular attention is paid to cost calculations for the technology of spelt growing, which, compared to winter wheat, requires less investment, in particular due to the plants resistance to diseases and less intensive use of insecticides and fertilizers. Spelt growing cost was calculated on the basis of technological maps, taking into account the use of seeds, fertilizers, plant protection products, fuel, wages and land rent. The paper presents the economic efficiency of growing three spelt varieties: «Zorya Ukrainy», «Europa» and «Atterhauer Dinkel». The costs of various technological elements have been studied and it was determined that the largest share of costs fell on mineral fertilizers (32%) and seeds (27%). The seeds cost of different varieties also significantly affected the total cultivation cost. In addition, the effectiveness of foliar fertilization with humates and growth stimulants «Agriflex Amino» was analysed. The economic assessment showed that the costs for the technology of spelt growing were in the range of 19-24 thousand hryvnias/ha depending on the variety and feeding options. It was established that the most economically profitable was the cultivation of the «Atterhauer Dinkel» variety, where the costs were minimal, and the profitability reached 247 %. However, the highest profitability rates were recorded for the «Europa» variety – 272% with the maximum use of humates and growth stimulants. The research results confirm the economic feasibility of spelt wheat growing as an alternative crop that requires lower costs of protection products and fertilizers compared to traditional winter wheat.
Key words: spelt wheat, variety, main expenses, cost structure, cost price, level of profitability.
The influence of auxiliary products in organic production on sowing qualities and yield properties of millet seeds
Authors: Karpuk L. , Fedorchenko M.
Published: January 2025

Organic production has been widespread in Ukraine for a long time, but in recent years it has developed rapidly, even in war conditions, Ukraine occupies a leading position in the export of such products. When introducing organic production, a number of operators in Ukraine face the problem of providing high-quality organic planting material, especially millet. The area for organic production in Ukraine is 1% of the total area of farmlands. Therefore, the aim of the research was to improve the elements of millet cultivation technology as the basis for obtaining high-quality planting material under organic production. The research was carried out during 2022-2024 on the basis of T.H.Shevchenko private agricultural enterprise, village Trostinka, Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region. The millet varieties («Omriyane» and «Bila Altanka»), the auxiliary products permitted in organic production and the conditions of their application were studied. Permitted auxiliary products in organic production had a positive effect on the improvement of germination energy, in particular with the use of «Biocomplex BTU» obtained 93,0% in the «Omriyane» variety and 92,0% in the «Bila Altanka» variety. The field germination of the studied varieties was in the range of 76,3-76,6%. The number of millet plants of the «Omriyane» variety in the phase of full emergence was at the level of 243,0-245,8 pl./m2 , the increase of this indicator was due to the use of biological preparations. With the use of such preparations as «Biocomplex BTU» and «Organic-Balance», the millet yield was obtained at the level of 3,74-3,90 t/ha compared to the control plots of 2,49-2,73 t/ha.
Key words: organic production, millet yield, sowing qualities.
Prospects for the use of Сercis canadensis L. in construction and optimization of farmsteabs in the urban environment
Authors: Koldar L. , Tsybrovska N.
Published: January 2025

The article presents information about the existence of modern anthropogenic landscapes in which a significant role is played by urban areas, the structure of which, features of functioning and ecological state depend entirely on the peculiarities of the natural conditions of the territory, as well as the culture and economic activity of the population. The most effective means of improving the environment of the urban village zones of settlements is greenery, which can minimize factors of natural and man-made origin that are unfavourable to humans. The effect of these factors and the degree of anthropogenic impact inherent in urbanized areas constantly leads to changes in the landscape structure, weakening of vegetation, premature aging and death of plantings. There is a need to select an assortment of plants that are environmentally resistant to the climatic conditions of the urban environment, to increase the area of green spaces, in particular to expand species composition of woody plants by using beautifully flowering woody species. Such plants include less common, unconventional, highly decorative species Cercis canadensis L., which is gaining popularity and is used to create plant compositions in parks, gardens and street landscaping in Ukrainian cities, where it successfully grows, creating comfortable conditions for people to live and work. In urban landscape design the plastic environmental resistance of C. canadensis plants to the climatic conditions of the urban environment and their high decorative properties contribute to their wider use in landscaping. They are suitable for woody-shrubby composite groups creating with deciduous and coniferous plants. The tentlike shape of the crown of С. canadensis provides opportunities to create monospecies group plantings that will become green islands or centres in specific areas and in general will improve the environment for people living in urbotechnogenic environment of the city, which is relevant today in the context of the environmental crisis and is not sufficiently used in the architectural and construction practice of modern Ukraine. Therefore the aim of this work was to determine the prospects for the use of С. canadensis in optimising of existing and creating of new urban areas depending on their ecological plasticity and plant growth characteristics in urban environments.
Key words: Cercis canadensis, decorative properties, ecological plasticity, urban-technogenic environment, landscaping.
Artificial intelligence as a driver of change in modern agriculture
Authors: Apunevych I.
Published: January 2025

This article examines the essence and characteristics of artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications in various agriculture segments. Special attention is paid to the challenges of implementing AI in crop production, animal husbandry, resource management, and analytical processes. The role of robotics is examined as a key factor in the digital transformation of the agricultural sector, facilitating the adoption of new production approaches. The article highlights the main advantages of AI in the agricultural sector, such as the automation of routine tasks, reduction of manual labor costs, increased production efficiency, and the creation of new products. The use of intelligent technologies optimizes resources and boosts productivity, contributing to the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. The article also reviews global experiences in the implementation of AI and robotics in agriculture. Examples of successful use of these technologies by leading companies are provided, along with an analysis of the experience of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. Positive aspects of AI implementation, such as increased efficiency and crop yields, are studied, while drawbacks and risks associated with adapting new technologies to the specific conditions of Ukrainian agriculture are also highlighted. The conclusions of the article emphasize that the use of AI is a promising direction for the development of the agricultural sector. AI technologies help address key challenges related to food security and sustainable development. Despite the challenges and risks, AI's potential to enhance agricultural production efficiency is significant, and the future of agriculture largely depends on the further development and implementation of these technologies. The widespread introduction of intelligent technologies can not only transform agricultural processes, but also make them more environmentally sustainable and economically profitable in the long term.
Key words: artificial intelligence, agricultural sector, innovative technologies, agriculture, crop production, animal husbandry, robotics, machine intelligence.
The analysis results of F1 and F2 Triticum aestivum L. on the manifestation of resistance to powdery mildew and septoria leaf blight
Authors: Kyrylenko V. , Mukha T. , Humeniuk O. , Suddenko Yu. , Murashko L. , Shadchyna T. , Lisova H. , Sabadyn V. , Dubovyk N.
Published: January 2025

The article presents data on the degree and frequency of transgression in terms of main spike productivity in first and second generation hybrids. A study was conducted on plants F1 and F2 of different crossing groups using parental components of WRT carriers in hybridization. Every year (2016-2023) the V.M.Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat generates 30 hybrid combinations comprising six varieties of soft winter wheat that act as carriers of wheat-rye translocations (WRT). These include «Ekspromt», «Zolotokolosa», «Columbia» (1AL.1RS) and «Kalynova», «Svitanok Mironivskyi», «Legenda Mironivska» (1BL.1RS). The research was carried out using various methods: selection (to obtain new breeding material for intercrop hybridization with subsequent selection of genotypes created with the participation of carriers of wheat-rye translocations 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS); field (phenological observations, assessment of resistance to leaf diseases in F1 and F2 parental forms); genetic (determination of patterns of resistance inheritance); mathematical and statistical (to analyze the research results at a reliable level). Hybrid combinations F1, F2 of different crossing groups were analyzed using parental components of PVT carriers in hybridization, where different degrees of phenotypic dominance in resistance to pathogens were found. The highest manifestation of the the heterosis trait (100%) or overdominance was observed in the group of crosses 1AL.1RS/1AL.1RS against Erysiphe graminis and Septoria tritici. Its decrease was observed in the following crosses: – 1AL.1RS/1BL.1RS – 20%, 1BL.1RS/1BL.1RS – 13.3%, 1BL.1RS/1AL.1RS – 10 %. Consequently, the genotypes in the pedigrees of which varieties with 1BL.1RS (1BL.RS/1BL.1RS, 1AL.1RS/1BL.1RS, 1BL.1RS 1AL.1RS) translocation were found to be significantly inferior to hybrids with 1AL.1RS translocation. However, in each crossing group, hybrids demonstrated heterosis or overdominance for these traits with levels ranging from 10 to 20%. The degree of upregulation of positive transgressive forms was found. In the second generation hybrids the degree of resistance to Erysiphe graminis ranged from 20 to 100%, while that to Septoria tritici varied from 66.7 to 93.3%. The degree of positive transgression for resistance to Erysiphe graminis and Septoria tritici in F2 of different crossing groups, where PZhT blocks were involved, was established by the resistance of wheat plant populations compared to parental components. Patterns identification of inheritance of the degree and frequency of transgression of the main selection traits in hybrid populations allow determining the selection value of the source material with subsequent selection.
Key words: hybrid, soft winter wheat, wheat-rye translocation, selection, variety, resistance, degree of dominance, transgression.
Uso de GeoGebra en el aprendizaje de secciones cónicas de geometría analítica y su incidencia en rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de nivelación universitaria
Authors: Brito Mancero Luis Fabian , Brito Mancero Marcela Yolanda
Published: January 2025

Introducción. El rendimiento de la matemática en el bachillerato en el Ecuador es bajo ya que las metodologías enseñanza aprendizaje se centran en métodos tradicionales, en caso de la geometría analítica suele centrarse en un tratamiento algebraico de las figuras lo que contribuye a que los estudiantes presenten dificultades en la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos durante la universidad. Objetivo. Analizar comparativamente el rendimiento académico que alcanzan los estudiantes de nivelación universitaria en la asignatura de Geometría analítica en el tema cónicas, cuando en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje se hace uso de una herramienta didáctica tecnológica como el software libre GeoGebra frente a la enseñanza-aprendizaje tradicional. Metodología. Se partió de la hipótesis que el aprendizaje de cónicas con el uso del programa GeoGebra incide de manera significativa en el rendimiento académico. Para lo cual se identificó un grupo control y un grupo experimental de los estudiantes de Geometría analítica, se realizó la descripción del desenvolvimiento en los subtemas circunferencia, parábola, elipse e hipérbola con el método tradicional y con el uso de GeoGebra; finalmente se correlaciona los rendimientos académicos alcanzados por cada grupo; para la recolección de datos se utilizó aplicó una prueba diagnóstica, cuatro talleres uno por cada subtema trabajado y una prueba global final. Resultados. En la evaluación diagnostica se encontró que los rendimientos de los estudiantes provenientes del bachillerato se encuentran por debajo del 70%; el aprendizaje de las secciones circunferencia, parábola y elipse se demostró que existe diferencia significativa a favor del aprendizaje con el uso de GeoGebra. Conclusión. El introducir metodologías tecnológicas en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje mediante el uso de GeoGebra en el estudio de secciones cónicas incide de forma positiva en la adquisición de conocimientos. Área de estudio general: Educación. Área de estudio específica: Secciones cónicas. Tipo de estudio:  Artículos originales.
Rethinking mechanical heart valves in the aortic position: new paradigms in design and testing
Authors: Chakraborty Sreyashi , Simon Melinda G. , Bellofiore Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHV) remain a viable option for aortic valve replacement, particularly for younger patients and patients from low- and middle-income countries and underserved communities. Despite their exceptional durability, MHV recipients are at increased risk of thromboembolic complications. As such, the development of the next generation of MHVs must prioritize improved thromboresistance and aim for independence from anticoagulant therapy. However, innovation in MHV design faces several challenges: strict performance and biocompatibility requirements, limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying MHV thrombosis, and a lack of effective testing methodologies to assess how design variations impact both hemodynamic performance and thrombogenicity of MHVs. This paper reviews the emerging paradigms in MHV design, materials and surface modifications that may inspire the development of a new generation of MHVs for aortic valve replacement. We also discuss challenges and opportunities in developing experimental and numerical approaches to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of MHV flow features and the mechanisms of flow-induced blood clotting.
Higher Life’s Crucial 9 protects against infertility among U.S. women aged 18–45 years
Authors: Huang Shaoqun , Duan Shuqin , Choi Seok , Gong Hongyang
Published: January 2025

Objective

Infertility is not only a reproductive issue but is also closely linked to cardiovascular health and other factors. Life’s Crucial 9 (LC9) is a set of lifestyle guidelines aimed at improving cardiovascular health, yet its potential association with infertility remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between LC9 and infertility, providing new insights and strategies for the prevention and management of infertility.

Methods

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regressions were employed to investigate the association between LC9 and infertility. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis explored the linear or non-linear relationship between LC9 and infertility. Interaction analyses were conducted on subgroups to validate the findings.

Results

There was a significant negative association between LC9 and infertility. After adjusting for covariates, for every 10-point increase in LC9, there was a 35% decrease in the prevalence of infertility (P < 0.001). This negative correlation persisted when LC9 was divided into quartiles. Moreover, as LC9 increased, there was a trend towards lower infertility prevalence (P for trend < 0.001). WQS analyses showed consistent associations (OR=0.27, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.53), with sleep health score, psychological health score, and Body mass index score as significant factors. The dose-response curve indicated a linear association between LC9 and infertility, with higher LC9 associated with lower infertility risk.

Conclusion

The results of this study show a strong negative correlation between LC9 and the prevalence of infertility. Clinically, these findings offer hope for infertility patients, suggesting that adherence to a higher LC9 score significantly reduces the risk of infertility. This will provide a new avenue for infertility prevention and management, offering hope and potential relief to infertile patients.
How hosts and pathogens choose the strengths of defense and counterdefense: a game-theoretical view
Authors: Dwivedi Shalu , Garde Ravindra , Schuster Stefan
Published: January 2025

Host–pathogen interactions consist of an attack by the pathogen, frequently a defense by the host and possibly a counterdefense by the pathogen. Here, we present a game-theoretical approach to describe such interactions. We consider a game where the host and pathogen are players and can choose between the strategies of defense (or counterdefense) and no response. Specifically, they may or may not produce a toxin and an enzyme degrading the toxin, respectively. We consider that the host and pathogen must also incur a cost for toxin or enzyme production. We highlight both the sequential and non-sequential versions of the game and determine the Nash equilibria. Furthermore, we resolve a paradox occurring in that interplay. If the inactivating enzyme is very efficient, producing the toxin becomes useless, leading to the enzyme being no longer required. Then, the production of the defense becomes useful again. In game theory, such situations can be described by a generalized matching pennies game. As a novel result, we find under which conditions the defense cycle leads to a steady state or an oscillation. We obtain, for saturating dose–response kinetics and considering monotonic cost functions, “partial (counter)defense” strategies as pure Nash equilibria. This implies that producing a moderate amount of toxin and enzyme is the stable situation in this game.
Phase-dependent iron depletion differentially regulates the niche of intestinal stem cells in experimental colitis via ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Shubin , Liu Xiangjun , Xu Lu , Lang Jinyi , Liu Dengqun
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a global gastrointestinal disease, which is mainly caused by both dysfunctional epithelial barrier and inflammation response. Iron is a critical fundamental element for both the maintenance of homeostasis and the mediation of inflammation in many tissues. However, the role and mechanism of iron in the phase of enteritis and the subsequent repairing phase of intestinal stem cells has not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore whether and how iron depletion would affect the occurrence and outcome of experimental colitis.

Methods

Iron depletion was realized by deferoxamine (DFO) at either the early stage or late stage of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced experimental colitis in mice. The gross images of colons, general health, histology, barrier integrity, and qRT-PCR were performed. Meanwhile, cell culture and colonic organoids were used to examine the influence of iron depletion in vitro. Signaling pathway and inflammatory infiltration were investigated by immunostaining.

Results

Iron depletion within the early stage of DSS treatment significantly inhibited the onset of the inflammatory response, maintained the integrity of the colonic epithelium, and preserved the activity of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) both in vivo and in vitro. However, both continuous iron depletion by DFO and late DFO treatment aggravated colonic injury and postponed the recovery from colitis. Early DFO-induced iron depletion was able to maintain the p-STAT3 and p-ERK1/2 signaling pathways within the colonic epithelium at the early phase of colitis, but late DFO treatment inhibited the activity of these two pathways.

Discussion

Our study demonstrated that the manipulation of iron depletion by DFO might greatly affect the outcomes of experimental colitis in a phase-dependent manner, which suggests that the balance of iron metabolism might be an effective therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of IBD patients.
Effects of the Paediatric Regulation funding on the development of off-patent medicines in children
Authors: Ruggieri Lucia , Torretta Silvia , Giannuzzi Viviana , Natale Alessandra , Felisi Mariagrazia , Ceci Adriana , Bonifazi Fedele
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In paediatrics, medicines repurposing is a particularly advantageous approach, offering a route to address unmet medical needs and turn off-label use into evidence-based treatments for paediatric populations. This study analysed the effects of funds provided under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research (FP7-FRP), issued by the European Commission from 2007 to 2013 according to the European Paediatric Regulation, in terms of new paediatric marketing authorisations (MAs) including paediatric Use Marketing Authorisations (PUMAs). Additionally, we investigated which funded projects included repurposing initiatives.

Methods

Data was collected on paediatric Investigation Plans (PIPs), new MAs, and MAs variations from the EMA website, national medicine registers, and final project reports. A survey to project coordinators was also conducted to explore the challenges faced during paediatric drug development plans.

Results

The 20 FP7-funded projects studied 24 off-patent active substances. Eighteen substances had agreed PIPs with the European Medicines Agency paediatric Committee (PDCO). Positive compliance checks were granted for three PIPs, resulting in three new PUMAs. According to the adopted definition, 22 out of 24 (91.6%) paediatric development plans could be classified as repurposing. New conditions were proposed for eight substances, while 16 aimed to extend existing indications to broader paediatric populations. Additionally, 18 development plans included new age-appropriate formulations. The survey revealed that primary challenges in paediatric development plans included budgeting, lengthy regulatory processes, and recruitment.

Discussion

Taken together, these results highlighted on one hand that the FP7 programme had a positive impact, as three new PUMAs were effectively obtained, representing one third of the nine PUMAs obtained since the paediatric Regulation entered into force, and three out of 18 agreed PIPs were successfully completed within 3–10 years. In addition, repurposing existing drugs for paediatric use significantly contributed to addressing unmet medical needs in paediatrics. On the other hand, the gap between the number of agreed PIPs and those that have led to PUMAs is still considerable, due to regulatory barriers and financial constraints. This underscores the need for continued support and further initiatives to streamline public-private partnerships for paediatric drug development, ensuring that off-patent medicines can be safely and effectively repurposed for paediatric use.
Prediction of traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes based on the multi-source ensemble method
Authors: Yang Bin , Chi Qingyun , Li Xiang , Wang Jinglong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions are generally formulated by experienced TCM researchers based on their expertise and data statistical methods.

Methods

In order to predict TCM formulas for diabetes more accurately, this paper proposes a novel multi-source ensemble prediction method that combines machine learning ensemble techniques and multi-source data. In this method, the multi-source data contain datasets based on the components and targets (DPP-4 and GLP-1). Gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), flexible neural tree (FNT), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithms are trained using these two types of datasets, respectively. The compound dataset from the TCMSP database is then used as testing data to predict and screen the active ingredients. The frequencies of occurrences of medicinal herbs corresponding to these three algorithms are obtained, each containing an active ingredient list. Finally, the frequencies of occurrences of the medicinal herbs obtained from the three algorithms using the component and target datasets are integrated to select duplicate drugs as the candidate drugs for diabetes treatment.

Results

The identification results reveal that theproposed ensemble method has higher accuracy than GBDT, FNT, and LightGBM. The medicinal herbs predicted include Lycii fructus, Amygdalus communis vas, Chrysanthemi flos, Hippophae fructus, Mori folium, Croci stigma, Maydis stigma, Ephedrae herba, Cimicifugae rhizoma, licorice, and Epimedii herba, all of which have been proven effective in the treatment of diabetes.

Discussions

The results of network pharmacology show that myrrha can play a role in treating diabetes through multiple targets and pathways.
Pixel-wise navigation line extraction of cross-growth-stage seedlings in complex sugarcane fields and extension to corn and rice
Authors: Li Hongwei , Lai Xindong , Mo Yongmei , He Deqiang , Wu Tao
Published: January 2025

Extracting the navigation line of crop seedlings is significant for achieving autonomous visual navigation of smart agricultural machinery. Nevertheless, in field management of crop seedlings, numerous available studies involving navigation line extraction mainly focused on specific growth stages of specific crop seedlings so far, lacking a generalizable algorithm for addressing challenges under complex cross-growth-stage seedling conditions. In response to such challenges, we proposed a generalizable navigation line extraction algorithm using classical image processing technologies. First, image preprocessing is performed to enhance the image quality and extract distinct crop regions. Redundant pixels can be eliminated by opening operation and eight-connected component filtering. Then, optimal region detection is applied to identify the fitting area. The optimal pixels of plantation rows are selected by cluster-centerline distance comparison and sigmoid thresholding. Ultimately, the navigation line is extracted by linear fitting, representing the autonomous vehicle’s optimal path. An assessment was conducted on a sugarcane dataset. Meanwhile, the generalization capacity of the proposed algorithm has been further verified on corn and rice datasets. Experimental results showed that for seedlings at different growth stages and diverse field environments, the mean error angle (MEA) ranges from 0.844° to 2.96°, the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 1.249° to 4.65°, and the mean relative error (MRE) ranges from 1.008% to 3.47%. The proposed algorithm exhibits high accuracy, robustness, and generalization. This study breaks through the shortcomings of traditional visual navigation line extraction, offering a theoretical foundation for classical image-processing-based visual navigation.
Impact of Digital Literacy on Farmers’ Adoption Behaviors of Green Production Technologies
Authors: Liu Haoyuan , Chen Zhe , Wen Suyue , Zhang Jizhou , Xia Xianli
Published: January 2025

The application of digital technology offers new opportunities to promote the green transformation and upgrading of agriculture. Farmers’ digital literacy, as a critical link between digital technology and agricultural green development, significantly influences their production decisions. Whether digital literacy serves as an enabling factor driving farmers’ adoption of agricultural green production technologies warrants further exploration. This paper uses the entropy method to measure farmers’ digital literacy levels and employs a Probit model for empirical analysis of survey data from 643 farmers in Shandong and Shaanxi provinces, examining how farmers’ digital literacy influences their adoption of green production technologies. The baseline regression result indicates that digital literacy can significantly increase farmers’ adoption of green production technologies. A mechanism analysis reveals that enhanced farmers’ digital literacy promotes the adoption of green production technologies through three pathways: enhancing farmers’ risk perception, expanding farmers’ digital social capital, and strengthening the effectiveness of technology promotion. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that improved digital literacy significantly enhances the adoption of four technologies—water-saving irrigation, pest control, pollution-free pesticide, and straw return to fields—and exerts a stronger impact on large-scale and middle-generation farmers. Accordingly, this study suggests improving digital village infrastructure, enhancing farmers’ digital literacy comprehensively, and formulating differentiated extension policies.
Dynamic Water and Fertilizer Management Strategy for Greenhouse Tomato Based on Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Zuo Zhiyu , Lü Tianyuan , Sun Jicheng , Peng Haitao , Yang Deyong , Song Jinxiu , Ma Guoxin , Mao Hanping
Published: January 2025

A dynamic management strategy for water and fertilizer application based on morphological characteristics was developed to enhance water use efficiency (WUE) and fruit yield in greenhouse-cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Multivariate regression analysis was employed to determine the baseline water and fertilizer requirements and to evaluate the effects of varying irrigation and fertilization regimes on fruit yield and WUE. A coupled irrigation–fertilization experiment was conducted, and regression models were established to describe the changes in stem diameter and plant height under these regimes. These models were validated experimentally. The results showed that irrigation significantly influenced both tomato fruit yield and WUE, while fertilization significantly impacted yield, but not WUE. No interactive effects between irrigation and fertilization were observed for either parameter. Stem diameter and plant height were positively correlated with the irrigation and fertilization levels. The proposed dynamic management strategy improved fruit yield by 6.9% and 14.7% under the basic and well-irrigated/fertilized conditions, respectively, compared to that of the fixed regime. Furthermore, model implementation increased WUE by 6.93% and 43.17% and improved the economic benefits by 4.9% and 20.6% under the respective conditions. This provides a practical and effective tool for optimizing water and fertilizer management in greenhouse tomato production, contributing to resource-efficient and high-yield farming practices.