bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Juan de Espinosa Medrano, un intelectual cuzqueño del seiscientos. Nuevos datos biográficos
Authors: Cisneros Luis Jaime , Guibovich Perez Pedro
Published: May 2022

Reivindican la personalidad y la obra de Juan Espinosa Medrano "Lunarejo" a través de un estado de la cuestión historiográfica y de aportaciones propias a partir de la consulta de fondos inéditos del Archivo General de Indias y varios archivos del Cuzco. Con la información reunida realizan una biografía ordenada cronológicamente que permite un conocimiento más erudito y sistemático de la vida y actividad de este intelectual peruano del siglo XVII que ocupó cargos eclesiásticos y fue orador, hombre de letras, catedrático y autor de obras dramáticas.
La Administración del crecimiento y del desarrollo urbano. Rosario entre 1890 y 1910
Authors: Hardoy Jorge E.
Published: May 2022

Estudio de los problemas planteados en el gobierno municipal en la última década del siglo XIX y principios del XX, motivados en su mayor parte por el aumento demográfico de la ciudad y la incipiente industrialización, a través de las memorias de los intendentes, que reflejan sus actuaciones.
Historiografía realizada en Cuba después de la revolución «castrista» (1959-1984)
Authors: Almodovar Muñoz Carmen
Published: May 2022

Tras una visión general de la historiografía cubana en la república «neocolonial», se pasa a analizar la producida a partir de la revolución. Desde este momento los estudios centrados en las luchas de la Independencia, el movimiento obrero y la historia económica adquieren el mayor interés, siendo publicados por diversos organismos estatales, que también reeditaran algunos escritos de los siglos XIX y XX.
Mujeres andaluzas en la América colonial (1550-1650)
Authors: García-Abásolo Antonio
Published: May 2022

Se pone de manifiesto a través de los «bienes de difuntos» la presencia en América de varias mujeres cordobesas que desarrollaron sus actividades entre la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y la primera del XVII aproximándonos a la situación de la mujer en el escenario colonial americano
Los intentos de pacificación de los indios pijao (Nuevo Reino de Granada) a fines del siglo XVI
Authors: Martínez De Salinas Alonso María Luisa
Published: May 2022

Aunque a finales del siglo XVI, la conquista de las Indias españolas, estaba prácticamente conçluida, quedaban aún varios territorios no sometidos, debido fundamentalmente a los diferentes levantamientos producidos por los indígenas. Uno de los casos que aún quedaban por resolver, era el de los indios pijaos ubicados en las márgenes del río Magdalena, que interrumpían las comunicaciones y el tráfico entre dos centros tan importantes como eran Cartagena y Bogotá, constituyendo una amenaza permanente para los vecinos del área. Existieron varios intentos para someter a los rebeldes pijao, y uno de estos, es el que trata el presente artículo con todas sus vicisitudes, fue el que se llevó a cabo en 1592 por el encomendero de Tunja Bernardino de Mújica Guevara
La muerte en Buenos Aires. 1871
Authors: Vidaurreta Alicia
Published: May 2022

Tras mencionar las distintas epidemias sufridas en Buenos Aires desde el siglo XVI, ver las condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias de la ciudad hacia 8171 y hacer una critica de fuentes, la autora centra su estudio en la epidemia de fiebre amarilla que sufrió Buenos Aires en 1871. En este artículo son analizados los orígenes de la enfermedad (exógenos-endógenos), su extensión, el abandono de la ciudad como medio de evitar el contagio y la mala gestión de las autoridades para combatir la enfermedad.
Los estudios antropológicos en la «Revista de Indias»
Authors: Alcina Franch José
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Los estudios sobre la esclavitud africana en España en el último medio siglo: su significación en las revistas: «Hispania» y «Revista de Indias»
Authors: Vila Vilar Enriqueta
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Historiografía sobre la Micronesia española (Siglo XIX)
Authors: Pozuelo Mascaraque Belén
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Historiografía española sobre hacienda indiana (1940-1989)
Authors: Escobedo Mansilla Ronald
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Las relaciones comerciales entre España e Indias durante el siglo XVL: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Delgado Barrado José Miguel
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Estado de la cuestión sobre la Avería en la historiografía española y americanista. La avería de 1602
Authors: Martín Acosta M.ª Emelina
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
La tributación indígena en el repartimiento de Paria (siglo XVI)
Authors: Del Río Mercedes
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Las actividades mineras de J. C. Mutis y Juan José Elhuyar en Nueva Granada
Authors: Pelayo Francisco
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
La economía venezolana en los primeros años de la emancipación. Influencias de autores españoles de los siglos XVIII y XIX en las críticas de José Rafael Revenga y Antonio Leocadio Guzmán
Authors: Rodríguez Campos Manuel
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Le substrat passionnel dans la transmission du Coran
Authors: Fariji Anis
Published: May 2022

ملخص : من مسلم الأمور أن تلقين المعرفة الدينية في المجتمعات الإسلامية مرتبط أشد ما ارتباط بنشر ما يقعد للإيمان ويرسخه. وعلى خلاف المعرفة المجردة التي هي من قبيل تداول المفاهيم العقلية، فإن الإيمان يحصل عبر الانفعالات الباطنية. يكمن السؤال إذاً في فهم كيف ينتظم التكوين الديني بشكل يجعله يحفّز الانفعالات القادرة على استنفار مظاهر إيمان المتعلمين في الأسلاك الأولى، مما يكسب تلك الانفعالات بدورها قيمة مساعدة في عملية التعليم. ولضبط طبيعة العناصر الوجدانية ومفعولها في التكوين الديني، سنتطرق على سبيل النموذج إلى تعليم حفظ القرآن في المغرب، وبشكل خاص إلى طريقة التلاوة الجماعية المسماة "تحزّابت" التي يعتبرها المتعلمون تقنية ناجعة لترسيخ حفظ النص القرآني. ففي خضمّ التلاوة على طريقة تحزّابت تنتاب الممارسين انفعالات فرحة من قبيل "الحماس" و"النشوة"، كما يصفون. والغالب أن يدفع التجاوب الوجداني أثناء تحزّابت إلى الرفع من نبرات الصوت بشكل يجعل أحيانا صعبا تمييز النص القرآني ذاته. لهذا السبب انتقد العديد من العلماء هذا المنحى، بل ذهب بعضهم إلى إبداء الرغبة في منع هذه الطريقة المتميزة. بيد أنهم فشلوا في ذلك، كما يقرّون، مما يدلّ على قوة التفاعل الوجداني أثناء تحزّابت، الذي يفسّر بدوره استمرار اعتماد هذه الطريقة في حفظ القرآن وفق أسلوبها الصوتي المميّز.
Copistes et lecteurs du Dalā’il al-khayrāt dans le Maroc prémoderne (xviiie-xixe siècles)
Authors: Abid Hiba
Published: May 2022

Au Maroc, la littérature dévotionnelle consacrée au Prophète a été très prolifique, particulièrement dans la première moitié du viiie/xive siècle, et préfigure le succès fulgurant dont fera l’objet le livre de prières sur le Prophète, Dalā’il al-khayrāt composé au siècle suivant par Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Jazūlī (m. 869/1465). Ce mystique marocain, fondateur de l’ordre soufi jazūlite, joua un rôle crucial dans la vie religieuse du Maroc en plaçant la prière sur le Prophète au cœur de la spiritualité. Cet article entend questionner les manifestations pratiques du soufisme marocain prémoderne au moyen d’une étude codicologique des manuscrits du Dalā’il produits au Maroc du xiie/xviiie à la fin du xiiie/xixe siècles. Comment le livre s’est-il fait le médiateur de la doctrine jazūlite, depuis sa circulation dans le strict cadre des zāwiya-s, à sa diffusion parmi les différentes couches de la société ? Par quels dispositifs graphiques et ornementaux les acteurs de cette transmission, soit les concepteurs des manuscrits, assurent-ils la lecture du texte, sa mémorisation et son interprétation par ses usagers ? Comment ceux-ci s’approprient-ils et personnalisent-ils le texte, par-delà la doctrine.
L’étude de l'exégèse coranique dans deux institutions d'enseignement à Fès
Authors: Jenvrin Géraldine
Published: May 2022

Cet article se propose d’interroger, dans une perspective comparatiste, les manières et les contenus d’enseignements coraniques au sein de deux institutions à Fès : l’ancienne Mosquée-université d’al-Qarawiyyine d’une part, et les départements universitaires d’Études islamiques (dirāsāt islāmiyya) et de Droit islamique (sharīʿa) d’autre part. Comment ces filières reflètent-elles une doctrine officielle prônant en même temps que la « modernisation » et une certaine réforme, un islam traditionaliste focalisé sur ses aspects juridiques ? Nous nous intéresserons tout particulièrement au portrait d’un enseignant exerçant dans les deux types d’institution de la ville.
« Stop Killing Us » : retour sur un projet de restitution en vidéo
Authors: Recoquillon Charlotte
Published: May 2022

Cet article revient sur le contexte de conception et de production de la web-série vidéo Stop Killing Us (SKU) par Charlotte Recoquillon avec Valyu Média. Outre sa contribution à l’effort de dissémination des travaux sur les violences policières aux États‑Unis auprès d’un public français large, SKU s’inscrit dans un contexte de porosité croissante entre les sphères universitaire et médiatique, marquée par la multiplication des podcasts et émissions qui veulent à la fois véhiculer et disséminer les travaux scientifiques, tout en contribuant au débat public. Ce texte revient sur la genèse de ce projet à l’intersection de la recherche, du journalisme et de l’engagement politique ; relate le choix de la vidéo comme stratégie rhétorique et outil pédagogique ; puis discute la portée politique de cette série et sa contribution à la diffusion de connaissances sur la question noire et à la lutte antiraciste.
Cultural Considerations in Postsecondary and Vocational Education
Authors: Perez Aaron
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on the culture of a college in post-secondary education and how the educational institution can affect how others experience it. Specifically, this chapter looks at varying aspects of culture that relate to engagement, instruction, operations, and campus climate. Cultural considerations in post-secondary and vocation education are also discussed in the context of the current issues facing college campuses, with a specific concentration on student retention, online education, instructional practices, funding practices, and the acceptance of people groups. Throughout this chapter, considerations are offered for the institution to determine potential benefits to an institution. It is the choice of the institution to make choices that best fit the needs of its students. Not every choice will benefit every institution as no two institutions are the same. However, there are benefits in education to what others have attempted and learn from past educational experience.
Comparative Study of a Pumping System Using Conventional and Photovoltaic Power in the Algerian Sahara (Application to Pastoral Wells)
Authors: Zegait Rachid , Bentraia Mohamed Rafik , Bensaha Hocine , Azlaoui Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Many populations of isolated and rural areas around the world are facing major problems of water deficit in domestic needs, irrigation and grazing and remains the daily concern of the inhabitants and which are particularly accentuated in the arid and desert areas. In this context, several researchers have recently oriented their research to the solar system. This energy is clean and nonpolluting and its use provides an inexhaustible source of energy. Photovoltaic pumping is one of the applications of solar energy in remote sites where conventional electricity is absent, such as the Algerian Sahara, which has one of the highest solar deposits in the world which can exceed yearly 2263 kWh/m2. This solution represents the ideal technical method for supplying water from wells of groundwater. The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the reliability of solar pumping systems compared to a conventional power system applied to two experimental wells installed in an isolated pastoral region in the Algerian Sahara and precisely in the Ouargla region.The results showed that the generator pumping technique appears to be the least expensive at the beginning of the operation. The balance becomes clearly in favor of the solar pumping solution after a few years of operation (about 5 years), with a 50% benefit in the cost per cubic meter of water.
Demand Forecasting Application with Regression and IoT Based Inventory Management System: A Case Study of a Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
Authors: El Jaouhari Asmae , Alhilali Zineb , Arif Jabir , Fellaki Soumaya , Amejwal Mohamed , Azzouz Khaoula
Published: May 2022

The accuracy of demand forecasting has a significant impact on the supply chain system's performance, which in turn has a major effect on company performance. Accurate forecasting will allow the organization to make the best use of its resources. The synchronization of customer orders to support production is critical for on-time order fulfillment. However, In fact many organizations report that their forecasting method is not working as effectively as they had hoped because orders regularly alter due to client demands. The purpose of this paper is to present an Internet of Things (IoT)-based inventory management system (IMS) that combines a causal method of multiple linear regressions (MLR) with genetic algorithms (GA) to improve the accuracy of demand forecasting in the future period by the customer as closely as feasible and enable smart inventory for Industry 4.0. Based on the data gathered from a semiconductor company that specializes in low-volume, high-mix contract manufacturing equipment and services integration, the suggested IoT-based IMS indicates that inventory productivity and efficiency could be enhanced, and it is resilient to order fluctuation.
An Alternative Probabilistic Approach for Reliability Assessment of Rotorcraft Structures
Authors: Frewen Thomas A. , Gurvich Mark R. , LaBarre Bob
Published: May 2022

An alternative probabilistic approach is proposed to assess the reliability of rotorcraft structures. According to the approach, safe boundaries of reliability predictions (i. e., conservative ones with additional safety margins) are calculated instead of exact values of the reliability
as usually estimated in conventional analysis. Due to additional safety margins, these boundaries are suggested for practical engineering applications. The proposed approach is based on two main ideas, namely (a) prediction of a relatively small population of independent coarse estimations
of reliability and (b) application of sampling methods to predict reliability for each individual coarse estimation. Robustness and convenience of the developed approach and its computational implementation are demonstrated for four scenarios considering two problems (simplified analytical
and realistic finite element analysis–based ones) under two sets of input data providing the probability of failure (POF) close to 1e-6 and 1e-9, respectively. High accuracy of predictions according to the developed approach is independently verified by comparison with known "exact"
references: closed-form solutions for the analytical problem and by direct Monte Carlo simulation for the numerical one. The proposed approach can be recommended as an efficient practical solution for a broad range of reliability assessments of rotorcraft structures requiring both (i) low
POF (e. g., below 1e– 6) and (ii) relatively complex time-consuming structural definitions (e. g., compute times in hours for each quasi-deterministic simulation).
Anxiety among doctors during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Yadav Anupam Singh , Kumar Ashutosh
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives:

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has a severe impact on the health-care system worldwide bringing doctors under immense pressure to work under stressful conditions. The main objective of this study was to assess anxiety among doctors and to understand the perceived causes of anxiety.

Methodology:

Questionnaires were made available to all willing doctors of SN Medical College, Agra; King George's Medical University, Lucknow, and GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, between May 12, 2020, and June 20, 2020 (during nationwide lockdown). The questionnaire consists of three main sections: details about respondents’ working status, questions regarding respondents’ reasons for concern, and Becks’ Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scale.

Results:

Two hundred and fifty responses were received from about 599 doctors presented with the questionnaire. About 32% of the respondents have already done duties in COVID facilities and the rest are awaiting deployment at those facilities. Forty-two percent reported concern regarding transmitting the illness to close ones/loved ones/family members to be a cause of anxiety and 40% were worried about the quality of protective gear closely followed by examination-related worries. About 28.8% of the respondents scored >7 on BAI with 62.5% of these (18% of total respondents) reporting “moderate” levels of anxiety.

Conclusions:

Our findings underline the fact that pandemics such as COVID-19 cause significant levels of anxiety among doctors. The levels of anxiety differed for age, sex, and specialty. The perceived causes were the risk of transmitting to loved ones and concerns regarding protective gear. These outcomes highlight the need for early interventions to address anxiety and to provide support for doctors during such crises.
Ocular Biometry Characteristics and its Relationship with Age, Gender, Spherical Equivalent in Turkish Children
Authors: Dayi O , Bulut E , Karadağ M , Bulut H
Published: May 2022

Background:

Studying ocular biometric parameters in different populations and determining the relationship with personal characteristics can provide valuable information about ocular growth and help provide a better understanding of refractive errors.

Aims:

To describe distributions of ocular biometry and to evaluate its associations with age, gender, spheric equivalent in Turkish children.

Patients and Methods:

In this prospective study 344 children aged 3-14 years were evaluated. Parameters studied included axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and mean corneal radius (CR) measured with optical biometry. Cycloplegic refraction values were obtained using autorefractometer. The change of biometric parameters according to age and gender were evaluated. The relationship between ocular biometry parameters with refraction and age was analyzed by linear regression.

Results:

Mean spherical equivalent (SE), AL, ACD and AL/CR observed to be lowest in the preschooler group (P < 0.001). SE reduced with age, and a weak correlation observed between SE and age (r = -0.333). AL and ACD had moderate and weak positive correlations with age respectively (r = 0.511; r = 0.304). There were negative correlations between SE with AL, ACD and AL/CR (r = -0.826; r = -0.540; r = -0.886). The strongest correlation with SE among these parameters was identified for AL/CR. AL and ACD were higher in boys, while the CR was lower in girls (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

While AL in children in late schooler group is higher than European countries, it shows similar characteristics in early schooler group. In addition AL is lower in all age groups than Asian population sexcept preschooler group. With age AL increases, SE decreases and AL plays a key role in refractive development.
Evaluation of IL-17A Expressions in High-Grade Glial Tumors Receiving Radiotherapy
Authors: Karaca F , Keskin S , Menteş S , Ökten Aİ , Çavuş G , Arslan A , Afşar ÇU , Köksal F
Published: May 2022

Aim:

In this study, we aimed to investigate the interleukin-17A (IL-17A) levels in patients with high-grade glial tumors before receiving radiotherapy, immediately after radiotherapy, and 3 months after radiotherapy.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 33 patients who applied to Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology between December 2016 and May 2018 was included in this study. A total of three blood samples was taken from each patient to assess IL-17A levels before and after radiotherapy and 3 months after the completion of radiotherapy.

Results:

The differences in IL-17A levels between genders were not statistically significant. IL-17A levels progressively decreased after the radiotherapy and 3 months after the radiotherapy as compared to the levels before radiotherapy. However, this was not statistically significant. IL-17A levels in the non-surviving patients were high before and after radiotherapy as compared to the surviving ones, but this was also not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

As compared to the period before radiotherapy, IL-17A levels tend to decrease in the period of acute and chronic phases of radiotherapy in all patient groups.
Development and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale in the Kannada Language and Testing its Psychometric Properties
Authors: Rao VK , Tedla JS , Sangadala DR , Reddy RS , Kakaraparthi VN , Gular K
Published: May 2022

Background:

Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale (VADL) is a self-reported survey for assessing functions of individuals affected by vestibular disorders, and this survey has been translated and cross-culturally adapted into many languages.

Objective:

Kannada is one of the most-spoken languages in India, with approximately 64 million speakers. We aimed to develop the Kannada version of VADL and to assess its psychometric properties.

Materials and Methods:

The translation and adaptation of the English version of VADL into Kannada were accomplished with the input of medical professional language experts. Pretesting of the Kannada VADL (VADL-K) was conducted on 30 patients with vestibular disorders. Six professional experts with medical background provided their opinion during the content validation process of VADL-K, and 50 subjects aged between 30 and 70 years with variant vestibular disorders were administered VADL-K and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory to determine the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and concurrent validity of this assessment.

Results:

This study effectively translated, adapted, and pretested VADL-K. The scale's content validity was 0.95, its internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = α) was 0.94, its test–retest reliability with Intra Class- Correlation Coefficient was 0.97, and its concurrent validity in comparison with DHI was significant, with a moderate correlation r-value of 0.58.

Conclusion:

The English version of VADL was successfully translated and adapted into the Kannada language. VADL-K is a valid and reliable measure for patients with vestibular disorders in the state of Karnataka to report their functional performance.
Resuscitation of Preterm Infants in Nigeria – A National Survey on Practice
Authors: Aso ME , Sharma A , Iloh K
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aims:

Preterm births constitute a major clinical problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the perinatal, neonatal, and childhood periods. Decisions around initiating and/or continuing resuscitation and treatment of preterm infants (PI) both at birth and afterwards need careful consideration. While the developed countries have published guidelines for the resuscitation and care of the PI, this is not the case in developing countries where availability of resources and the absence of a published guidelines impacts on practice. Our study was therefore carried out to access the practice and decision-making that surrounds the resuscitation of PIs by neonatologists and neonatal nurses working in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) across Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:

We conducted an online national survey on neonatal care providers working in level 2 and level 3 neonatal units (NICU) across Nigeria. Around 190 participants were selected from the six geopolitical zones of the country and they were asked about current practices relating to resuscitation and stopping life-sustaining treatment as well as estimated survival rates at different gestational ages (GA).

Results:

In total, 138 clinicians responded to our survey. Of this, 73% completed the survey. Majority (83%) of the respondents worked in government-funded public hospitals while the remaining 17% worked in the private hospitals. 74% of the respondents' report having a guideline on the PI. Resuscitation practice varied amongst different neonatologists and neonatal nurses with 48% of the clinicians providing resuscitation at 23–26 weeks and the remainder providing resuscitation at a GA >26 weeks with a median GA threshold for initiating resuscitation at 27 weeks. From an institutional perspective, 75% of PIs <26 weeks were resuscitated in public hospitals while the remaining 25% were resuscitated in private hospital, however this is not statistically significant (P = 0.385). In situations when the GA is unknown, we found a median fetal weight of 700 g as the threshold for providing active treatment. We noticed wide variations in responses on the estimated survival rates of the PIs, however a common finding is the increased chances of survival with increasing GA. Also, PIs across all GAs had higher chances of survival in public hospitals than in private hospitals, however, this is not statistically significant (P = 0.385–0.956). The major factor influencing a clinicians' decision to limit resuscitation was the “risk of poor quality of life” (50%) and the prevalent way of palliating the newborn amongst respondents is by stopping life-sustaining treatment (34%).

Conclusion:

Our survey revealed considerable variation in resuscitation practices amongst different neonatal care providers. Having a framework that will formulate and publish a national guideline based on factors like local survival rates, societal norms, and resources and ensuring that it is adopted by all NICUs will generate greater consistency of care.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Emergency Remote Education Practices
Authors: Toprak ME , Tunç SK
Published: May 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused not only viral infection-related deaths, but also uncontrollable psychological problems and anxiety in different parts of society. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in adaption of a comprehensive online education period that has not been previously experienced in modern education.

Aim:

This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate dental students' experiences with emergency remote education practices, related levels of anxiety, and sociodemographic factors affecting anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Subjects and Methods:

This study was conducted during the period when social isolation measures were applied at the maximum level and face-to-face education was suspended in all dentistry faculties in Turkey due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic data and anxiety experienced by dental students were investigated using an online questionnaire. The anxiety levels were evaluated by using a 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and attitudes of the students toward distance education were determined using a 5-point Likert-type scale.

Results:

The study included 2.290 students. A total of 76.46% of these students attended to emergency remote education practices provided by their faculty. While 66.7% of students were satisfied with the transition process of their faculty to distance education, 18.4% of them found emergency remote learning to be completely unsuccessful. Mean PSS-10 score was 24.68 ± 6.74 and 94.8% of the students experienced moderate-to-high anxiety during the process. The compulsory and emergency remote education was found to significantly increase anxiety in private university students compared to public university students (P = 0.03) and in those students with low family income than the moderate and high ones (P = 0.01). There was a significant relationship between PSS-10 levels and students' anxiety about their academic performance, career plans, transition process to distance education, and their desire to continue remote theoretical online educations. The increase in these aforementioned parameters significantly decreased PSS-10 scores (P = 0.000).

Conclusions:

The emergency online remote education practices during the COVID-19 pandemic caused anxiety in dentistry students. It is expected that only distance education practices would be insufficient, and blended education models consisting of distance and face-to-face practices should be implemented.
The Prevalence and Intensity of Intestinal Helminths among Institutionalized Children in Three States of South-East Nigeria
Authors: Njoku MO , Iloh KK , Okike CO , Njoku GC , Ojinnaka NC
Published: May 2022

Background:

Intestinal helminthiasis is one of the most common and neglected diseases affecting all age groups, especially among school children. It is a disease condition of suboptimal environment and poor personal hygiene, and is more prevalent in children in institutionalized centers.

Aims:

This study was aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and intensity of intestinal helminthiasis among children in motherless babies' homes/orphanages and the relationship between the prevalence and demographic characteristics of the children. The outcome may be useful in strengthening these homes through advocacy to the appropriate authorities on general health promotion and awareness for the management of the homes.

Subjects and Methods:

It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over 7 months (March–September 2017) in three states of the South-East Nigeria. Prior to the studies ethical clearance and permissions from relevant bodies were obtained. A total of 198 children aged 3 months to 17 years were recruited using multi-stage sampling methods from the homes and orphanages in Anambra, Ebonyi, and Enugu states. Their stool samples were collected and analyzed for ova of intestinal helminths using ether concentration and Kato–Katz techniques. Frequency tables were designed for relevant variables while quantitative variables were summarized using median and interquartile range (IQR). The relationship between demographic factors and presence of intestinal helminths amongst study participants was tested using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test (FET) where appropriate. All analyses were done at the 5% level of significance, and a P value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Children aged 1–5 years constituting the highest proportion 110 (55.6%). The median age (IQR) of the participants was 2.5 years (3 months to 17 years). They comprised of 89 (44.9%) males and 109 (55.1%) females with a male: female ratio of 1:1.2. The overall prevalence of intestinal helminths among institutionalized children was 5/198 (2.5%). Ascaris lumbricoides only was seen in four out of five (80%) infested subjects while mixed infestation of A. lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was seen in one out of five (20%) subjects. All the infected subjects had light intensity of 100–300 EPG. It was noted that three out of five infested subjects were preschool children. However, the difference between the age groups and intestinal infestation was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). All the subjects with helminthic infection were females. Gender and location of motherless babies' homes/orphanages were not significantly associated with the presence of infestation (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study showed that the prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminthiasis amongst the surveyed children in the South-Eastern Nigeria are 2.5% and more common among preschool aged children.
An audit of a decade of acute peritoneal dialysis in children with acute kidney injury
Authors: Ezeh GO , Oniyangi O , Nwatah VE , Oyinwola OI , Ekaidem IB , Okonkwo FO , Aikhionbare HA
Published: May 2022

Background:

Acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the modality of choice to manage children with acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its use remains underutilized, despite the unquestionable advantages.

Aims:

This study, therefore, aimed to audit the complications, outcomes, and challenges encountered with PD as well as indications for PD and causes of AKI among under-5 children that had PD in a Nigerian tertiary hospital over a decade

. Patients and Methods:

A retrospective study of children with AKI, aged 0 to 5 years, managed with PD. In all the children, a PD catheter was inserted at the bedside by surgeons. PD was performed manually. Data were presented in descriptive statistics and a P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Twenty-nine (29) children had PD over a decade (January 2009 to December 2018). There were 12 males and 17 females aged 4–60 months (mean ± SD 18.8 ± 16.9). The PD yearly frequency was 2–7 times/year, mean of 2.9/year. The major identified indication for PD was difficulty of vascular access (86.2%) while the causes of AKI were sepsis 21 (43.8%); gastroenteritis 11 (22.9%); severe malaria 9 (18.8%); toxins/herbal medications 5 (10.4%); multiple congenital anomalies 2 (4.2%). Multiple causes of AKI occurred in some children. The major observed PD complications were catheter lockage 9 (37.5%); dialysate fluid retention 4 (16.7%); and peritonitis 4 (16.7%). The short-term outcome of the 29 children that had PD showed 20 (69%) discharged and 9 (31%) deaths over the period. The major challenge encountered was PD-related sepsis evidenced by the prevalence of peritonitis and catheter site infection.

Conclusion:

The predominant PD complications were catheter-related, mostly catheter blockage in a manually performed PD while the leading cause of AKI in our center was sepsis, affecting a large population of children requiring PD.
Assessment of the Eating Disorders and Relationship with Dental Caries, Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index in a Sample of Turkish Adolescents Aged 9 Through 15
Authors: Gokkaya B , Kargul B
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:

Eating disorders (ED) are an important public health problem for adolescents due to changing eating attitudes. Using the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) with a sample of Turkish adolescents aged 9–15 years, this study evaluated the behavioral risk of ED and its association with dental caries, age, body mass index (BMI), and gender.

Subjects and Methods:

The EAT-26 scoring system was used, and variables examined included demographic, familial, sociocultural, social, and clinical features. Data were analyzed using SPSS® Statistics for Windows, version 20.0. (IBM, New York, NY, USA).

Results:

A total of 112 adolescents, 46 (41.1%) boys, and 66 (58.9%) girls (mean age 11.46 ± 1.91 years), were evaluated. EAT-26 mean scores were 16.0 (10.0–21.0) for girls and 14.0 (12.0–23.0) for boys (Mann Whitney U test; P = 0.509). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean BMI scores and the mean EAT-26 scores for girls and boys (Mann Whitney U test) (P = 0.509) (P = 0.636). The mean DMFT decay-missing-filled and total) was higher in EAT-26 >20 than in EAT-26 <20, and the difference was statistically significant (Mann Whitney U test; P = 0.008). BMI was not correlated with EAT-26 (Spearman rank correlation test, r = –0.013, P = 0.156), but there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the development of caries and age (Spearman rank correlation test, r = 0.405, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Early diagnosis of ED is crucial because it primarily starts during childhood and adolescence. It is responsible for the dft of the deciduous teeth. BMI is related to decay, missed, filled, total (DMFT), decay, filled, total (dft), and age in adolescents aged 9–15 years. Furthermore, we searched subgroups of EAT-26 for dental caries. Dieting score may be a significant factor for dental caries for ED. However, observing ability is an important factor for dentists because they can inform parents and provide information on preventing ED.
Multilinear duality and factorisation for Brascamp–Lieb-type inequalities
Authors: Carbery Anthony , Hänninen Timo S. , Valdimarsson Stefán Ingi
Published: May 2022

We initiate the study of a duality theory which applies to norm inequalities for pointwise weighted geometric means of positive operators. The theory finds its expression in terms of certain pointwise factorisation properties of function spaces which are naturally associated to the norm inequality under consideration. We relate our theory to the Maurey–Nikishin–Stein theory of factorisation of operators, and present a fully multilinear version of Maurey’s fundamental theorem on factorisation of operators through

L^1

. The development of the theory involves convex optimisation and minimax theory, functional-analytic considerations concerning the dual of

L^\infty

, and the Yosida–Hewitt theory of finitely additive measures. We consider the connections of the theory with the theory of interpolation of operators. We discuss the ramifications of the theory in the context of concrete families of geometric inequalities, including Loomis–Whitney inequalities, Brascamp–Lieb inequalities and multilinear Kakeya inequalities.
Dislocations in a layered elastic medium with applications to fault detection
Authors: Aspri Andrea , Beretta Elena , Mazzucato Anna
Published: May 2022

We consider a model for elastic dislocations in geophysics. We model a portion of the Earth’s crust as a bounded, inhomogeneous elastic body with a buried fault surface, along which slip occurs.We prove well-posedness of the resulting mixed-boundary-value-transmission problem, assuming only bounded elastic moduli. We establish uniqueness in the inverse problem of determining the fault surface and the slip from a unique measurement of the displacement on an open patch at the surface, assuming in addition that the Earth’s crust is an isotropic, layered medium with Lamé coefficients piecewise Lipschitz on a known partition and that the fault surface satisfies certain geometric conditions. These results substantially extend those of the authors in [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 263, 71–111 (2020)].
A height gap theorem for coefficients of Mahler functions
Authors: Adamczewski Boris , Bell Jason , Smertnig Daniel
Published: May 2022

We study the asymptotic growth of coefficients of Mahler power series with algebraic coefficients, as measured by their logarithmic Weil height. We show that there are five different growth behaviors, all of which being reached. Thus, there are
gaps
in the possible growths. In proving this height gap theorem, we find that a

k

-Mahler function is

k

-regular if and only if its coefficients have height in

O(\log n)

. Moreover, we deduce that, over an arbitrary ground field of characteristic 0, a

k

-Mahler function is

k

-automatic if and only if its coefficients belong to a finite set. As a by-product of our results, we also recover a conjecture of Becker which was recently settled by Bell, Chyzak, Coons, and Dumas.
Une construction d’extensions faiblement non ramifiées d’un anneau de valuation
Authors: Moret-Bailly Laurent
Published: May 2022

Résumé. Étant donné un anneau de valuation

V

, de corps résiduel

F

et de groupe des valeurs

\Gamma

, on donne une condition suffisante pour qu’un anneau local dominant

V

soit un anneau de valuation de groupe

\Gamma

. Lorsque

V

contient un corps

k

, ce résultat est appliqué à la construction d’un anneau de valuation contenant

V

et une extension donnée

k'

de

k

, de groupe

\Gamma

et de corps résiduel engendré par

k'

et

F

. Cela s’avère possible, notamment, lorsque

k'

ou

F

est séparable sur

k

.

Abstract. Given a valuation ring

V

, with residue field

F

and value group

\Gamma

, we give a sufficient condition for a local ring dominating

V

to be a valuation ring with the same value group. When

V

contains a field

k

, we apply this result to the problem of constructing a valuation ring

W

containing

V

and a prescribed extension

k'

of

k

, with value group

\Gamma

and residue field generated by

k'

and

F

; this is possible in particular when either

k'

or

F

is separable over

k

.
Four new tin(II), uranyl(II), vanadyl(II), and zirconyl(II) alloxan biomolecule complexes: synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal characterizations
Authors: Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah , Majid A. Adam Abdel , S. Refat Moamen
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. The alloxan as a biomolecule ligand has been utilized to synthesize thermodynamically and kinetically stabilized four new tin(II), uranyl(II), vanadyl(II), and zirconyl(II) complexes. In the complexes, tin(II) ion present is in tetrahedral arrangement, zirconyl and vanadyl(II) ions present are in square pyramid feature but uranyl(II) ion present is in octahedral arrangement and all are coordinated by two bidentate alloxan ligand in complexes. The synthesized alloxan ligand coordinate with central metal(II) ion through oxygen in position C2=O and the nitrogen in position N1 developing a 4-membered chelate ring. Synthesized Sn(II), UO2(II), VO(II), and ZrO(II) complexes via bidentate ligand have been accurately described by various spectroscopic techniques like elemental analysis (C, H, N, metal), conductivity measurements, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, and TGA. The kinetic thermodynamic parameters such as: E*, ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG* were calculated using Coats and Redfern and Horowitz and Metzger equations.

 

KEY WORDS: Alloxan, Metal ions, Spectroscopy, Ligand, Coordination, Thermogravimetry

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 373-385.   

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.11
Nonlinear optical characteristics of N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine: Z-scan technique and quantum mechanical calculations
Authors: Gharaati Abdolrasoul , Abed Yasaman , Mostaghni Fatemeh
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. In this work, we have characterized the linear and nonlinear optical properties of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (BSP) in both macroscopic and microscopic modes by using Z-scan technique and quantum chemical calculations. The microscopic nonlinear optical properties of BSP were investigated by density functional theory with the basis set of 6-311G++dp. Electronic properties such as frontier molecular energies, band-gap energy, electron affinity, hardness, softness, and ionization potential were evaluated. The calculation of microscopic quantities included first-order hyperpolarizability and natural bond orbitals showed the electron delocalization, which confirmed the nonlinear optical properties in this compound. The results of the absorption spectrum of BSP in DMSO, DMF, CH3Cl solvents were shown that the dissolved sample in DMSO had better nonlinear properties than others. Then the macroscopic nonlinear properties of the sample were determined by the Z-scan technique. The values of the nonlinear refractive index (n2), nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), and third-order nonsusceptibility of the sample in DMSO were, 0.09250×10-10 cm2/W, -0.174×10–6 cm/W and 4.101× 10-5 esu, respectively. The two-photon absorption in this molecule has been enhanced by the donor–bridge–donor (D–π–D) architecture. The theoretical and experimental results concluded that BSP seems to be promising candidates for future photonic and optoelectronic devices.

               

KEY WORDS: Azo dye, Nonlinear optic, Hyperpolarizability, One photon absorption, Two photon absorption, Schiff bases

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 465-477.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.18
The suitability of using environmental waste (polystyrene foam, sawdust and eggshells) for developing a hybrid composite for ceiling boards
Authors: Shuaib-Babata Y. L. , Busari Y.O. , Abdulraman S.O. , Abdulqadir L.B. , Ambali I.O. , Ajao K.S. , Aremu N.I. , Arowolo I.O.
Published: May 2022

This study considers the suitability of using environmental wastes (polystyrene foam, sawdust and eggshell) for the development of composite materials for ceiling boards. The materials were collected from dumping sites and processed accordingly. The elemental compositions of the processed sawdust and eggshell were examined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (ASS) and plasma-optical emission spectrometer (Optimal 3100XL Perkin Elmer) respectively. Properties of the composite samples were determined using appropriate ASTM standards (ASTM D570, C109-95, D3479, E1530 and D7336/D7336M). The results show that the composite with a mix ratio of 5% Polystyrene, 10% sawdust and 40% eggshell exhibited the most suitable properties for ceiling board production or indoor uses in building: water absorption (0.52 and 6.17% for 2 and 24hours respectively), tensile strength (2.362 N/mm2), elongation at break (0.677 mm), compressive strength (0.1575 N/mm2), energy to break (0.016 N.m) and thermal conductivity of 0.0221 W/M.K. Thus, the production of suitable ceiling board using some bio-wastes can be domesticated in Nigeria.
A review on the factors affecting the properties of natural fibre polymer composites
Authors: Madueke C. I. , Umunakwe R. , Mbah O.M.
Published: May 2022

Improved quality natural fibre composites cannot be achieved without considering certain factors such as the degree of uniformity of the fibre, wettability of the fibre, fibre length, fibre volume fraction, type of matrix, interfacial bond strength, fibre orientation, compatibility of the fibre with the resin, processing parameters and manufacturing techniques among others. Their influences on the properties of the composites with typical examples from previous works were highlighted. The exact or approximate volume fractions of specific fibres in specific resins for optimal performance in composites are lacking. Epoxy, low density polyethylene, polystyrene and polyester resins were mostly used as matrix for natural fibre composites. Epoxy resins possess higher tensile and flexural strengths than polyester resins. Significant differences in the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of natural fibre polymer composites were observed with changes in the orientation and length of the fibres particularly when the differences in length are significant. Other relevant issues affecting natural fibre composites were buttressed with the aim of improving the properties of natural fibre polymer composites for advanced applications.
Kamkatın muhafazası ve çeşitli gıdaların üretiminde kullanımı
Authors: CAN Nuray , BADAYMAN Meryem
Published: May 2022

Rutaceae familyasının Fortunella cinsine ait olan kamkat, küçük meyveleri olan bir ağaçtır. Kamkat, anavatanı olan Çin’in yanı sıra Japonya, Amerika, Avustralya, Güney Afrika, Porto Riko, Guatemala, Kolombiya, Brezilya ve Hindistan’da yetiştirilmektedir. Meiwa (Fortunella crassifolia), Hong Kong (F. hindsii), marumi (F. japonica), nagami (F. margarita), F. obovata ve F. polyandra gibi türleri bulunmaktadır. Çapı 2 cm, ağırlığı 10 g olan kamkat meyvesinin şekli yuvarlak veya oval olup tadı ekşidir. Rengi turuncu sarı kabuğu ise tipik bir aromaya sahip, tatlı ve yenilebilirdir. Lif, şeker ve mikroelementler yönünden zengin olan kamkat meyvesinin hasat sonrası raf ömrü, Penicillium'un etkisinden dolayı nispeten kısadır ve bu da yüksek düzeyde çürüme ile sonuçlanmaktadır. 2-4°C’de ticari soğuk depolarda 1-2 ay, ev tipi buzdolabında ise 2-3 hafta, kalitede önemli kayıp olmadan muhafaza edilebilmekte, oda sıcaklığında ise yalnızca birkaç gün dayanmaktadır. Kamkatın kalitesini korumak ve raf ömrünü artırmak için çeşitli teknolojiler uygulanmaktadır. Bu uygulamalar, düşük sıcaklık, kurutma, modifiye atmosfer paketleme ve kaplama gibi bazı yöntemlerdir. Kamkat taze olarak tüketilebildiği gibi reçel, marmelat, jöle, sos, şurup, likör, şarap, turşu, şekerleme, sorbe, sufle gibi çeşitli yiyecek tariflerinde kullanılmaktadır. Literatür incelendiğinde kamkat meyvesinin taze veya kurutularak kullanılması, püre veya toz haline getirilerek kullanılması gibi uygulamaların çeşitli gıdaların aroma, renk, tekstürel özellikler ve besin değerine etkilerinin araştırıldığı görülmektedir. Kamkat meyve tozunun bisküvi, kek; püresinin dondurma, yoğurt ve fonksiyonel içecek eldesinde kullanıldığı çalışmaların yanı sıra kamkattan meyve suyu, reçel, sirke, likör ve şarap gibi ürünlerin üretimi ve üretim parametrelerinin belirlenmesine yönelik çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede kamkat meyvesi ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilmiş olup muhafazası ve gıda üretimindeki kullanım alanlarından bahsedilmiştir.