bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability, resilience and innovation in industrial electronics: a case study of internal, supply chain and external complexity
Authors: Cicerelli Flavia , Ravetti Chiara
Published: November 2023

The electrical and electronic equipment industry is key to climate and energy transitions, but its activities have a significant environmental footprint. Tangible improvements in the sustainability of this sector are difficult because of the layers of complexity that characterize this industry’s products, processes and supply chains. This article analyzes the different facets of complexity relevant to sustainability in the industrial electronics sector, by implementing an in-depth longitudinal case study of a leading Italian business-to-business multinational company. We identify three core dimensions of complexity management that are pivotal for corporate sustainability: internal complexity, supply chain complexity and external complexity. We find that handling sustainability in complex production systems with multitier and multiproduct value chains presents organizational and managerial challenges but also offers new competitive opportunities for resilience and innovation. Once the appropriate metrics, know-how and information flows are established, our results highlight the transferability of sustainable innovations in these complex environments.
How to design and evaluate personalized scaffolds for self-regulated learning
Authors: van der Graaf Joep , Raković Mladen , Fan Yizhou , Lim Lyn , Singh Shaveen , Bannert Maria , Gašević Dragan , Molenaar Inge
Published: November 2023

Self-regulation is an essential skill for lifelong learning. Research has shown that self-regulated learning (SRL) leads to greater academic achievement and sustainable education, but students often struggle with SRL. Scaffolds are widely reported as an effective and efficient support method for SRL. To further improve digital scaffolds’ effectiveness, real-time detection of learning behavior can be used to personalize scaffolds. Therefore, the present study aimed to inform the field of scaffolding SRL by reporting on the design and evaluation of digital scaffolds. We present decisions made during the design process of personalized scaffolds to inform future scaffold designs. We evaluated how scaffolds were personalized based on real-time detection SRL, how university students respond to the scaffolds (i.e., compliance), and how this response is related to learning outcomes (i.e., quality of an essay). The research design was a pre-posttest with three conditions (no, generalized (same for all), or personalized scaffolds). A 45-minute reading and writing task was used, during which SRL processes were recorded in real-time. Findings revealed that different real-time SRL processes could be used to personalize scaffolds, meaning that we were able to personalize the content of scaffold based on students’ actual learning behavior. In addition, students in the personalized condition complied more with the scaffolds than students in the other conditions. This compliance with the scaffolds was generally associated with better learning outcomes. To conclude, our approach showed how design decisions could be evaluated and provided insight into the personalization of scaffolds.
The effect of relative hypotension on 30-day mortality in older people receiving emergency care
Authors: van Oppen James David , Owen Rhiannon Kate , Jones William , Beishon Lucy , Coats Timothy John
Published: November 2023

Research has observed increased mortality among older people attending the emergency department (ED) who had systolic pressure > 7 mmHg lower than baseline primary care values. This study aimed to (1) assess feasibility of identifying this ‘relative hypotension’ using readily available ED data, (2) externally validate the 7 mmHg threshold, and (3) refine a threshold for clinically important relative hypotension. A single-centre retrospective cohort study linked year 2019 data for ED attendances by people aged over 64 to hospital discharge vital signs within the previous 18 months. Frailty and comorbidity scores were calculated. Previous discharge (‘baseline’) vital signs were subtracted from initial ED values to give individuals’ relative change. Cox regression analysis compared relative hypotension > 7 mmHg with mean time to mortality censored at 30 days. The relative hypotension threshold was refined using a fully adjusted risk tool formed of logistic regression models. Receiver operating characteristics were compared to NEWS2 models with and without incorporation of relative systolic. 5136 (16%) of 32,548 ED attendances were linkable with recent discharge vital signs. Relative hypotension > 7 mmHg was associated with increased 30-day mortality (HR 1.98; 95% CI 1.66–2.35). The adjusted risk tool (AUC: 0.69; sensitivity: 0.61; specificity: 0.68) estimated each 1 mmHg relative hypotension to increase 30-day mortality by 2% (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.02–1.02). 30-day mortality prediction was marginally better with NEWS2 (AUC: 0.73; sensitivity: 0.59; specificity: 0.78) and NEWS2 + relative systolic (AUC: 0.74; sensitivity: 0.63; specificity: 0.75). Comparison of ED vital signs with recent discharge observations was feasible for 16% individuals. The association of relative hypotension > 7 mmHg with 30-day mortality was externally validated. Indeed, any relative hypotension appeared to increase risk, but model characteristics were poor. These findings are limited to the context of older people with recent hospital admissions.
Properties of Bounded Holomorphic Functions: A Survey
Authors: Jarnicki Marek , Pflug Peter
Published: November 2023

We discuss interrelations between $${\mathcal {H}}^\infty $$

H

∞

-convex domains and $${\mathcal {H}}^\infty $$

H

∞

-domains of holomorphy for various classes of domains in $${\mathbb {C}}^n$$

C

n

.
Are they Twins or Only Friends? The Redundancy and Complementarity of Energy Poverty Indicators in Italy
Authors: Bardazzi Rossella , Bortolotti Luca , Pazienza Maria Grazia
Published: November 2023

A large body of literature has developed numerous unidimensional and multidimensional indicators to identify energy-poor households, also with the aim of targeting public policies. They all have pros and cons and may identify different populations. How do they relate to each other? How should they be used in a country such as Italy where energy poverty has not yet been officially defined? We frame these research questions in a context of general social vulnerability in which several dimensions of poverty intersect. Using SILC data (EU and IT modules) for the period 2004–2015 we compare four widely used unidimensional indicators and provide evidence—for the Italian case—that complementarity among the indicators prevails since the complexity of energy poverty requires a combination of metrics to capture various vulnerabilities. Our results confirm the set of relevant factors affecting the probability of being energy poor which are indicated in the related economics literature, regardless of which indicator is used. They may help tailor policies to tackle the phenomenon. Based on these findings, we strongly support the idea of using a dashboard of different metrics to measure energy poverty to design effective policies.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy with and Without Rare-Earth and Thermomechanical Treatment After Multi-pass Stir Friction Processing
Authors: El-Shorbagy Rania M. , El-Baradie Z. M. , Abdel-Aziz Ahmed I.
Published: November 2023

Friction stir processing (FSP) is the most effective severe plastic deformation process for creating materials with very fine grains and good properties. The target of the present research is to investigate the influence of FSP on the microstructure and mechanical properties of homogenized 2024 aluminum alloy with and without rare-earth (RE) and thermomechanically treated conditions (TMT). The rare-earth elements used were Ce and La in the form of a master alloy containing (50% Ce + 50% La). The casting of 2024 aluminum alloys, both with and without (Ce + La), was carried out using the conventional stir cast technique. Part of the obtained alloys was homogenized, whereas the other part was thermomechanically treated (TMT). The homogenized 2024 material was exposed to FSP with multiple passes (one, two, and three) to obtain the suitable pass number. After that, the best pass number was performed on the 2024 aluminum alloy refined with RE (Ce + La) and TMT materials. The microstructures in different conditions (homogenized and stir friction) were examined by optical and scan microscopes attached with EDS and Map analyzer. At the same time, a tensile test was conducted to assess the mechanical properties. The findings indicated that the microstructures were significantly refined after adding RE (Ce + La) or applying the TMT technique. Whereas, the microstructures were greatly improved after applying FSP to both conditions. Ultra-fine grains were observed for both TMT and RE-containing alloys after FSP. On the other hand, the results of mechanical properties were significantly increased after applying multiple passes of FSP. The optimum results were obtained when two passes of stir friction were applied to the TMT alloy condition.
Molecular identification and in vitro propagation of the endangered medicinal Cleome droserifolia plant of Saint Katherine
Authors: Ghareb Heba El-Sayed , Mustafa Sabha Salman
Published: November 2023

The protectorate of Saint Katherine considers one of the biggest protected areas in Egypt characterized by a unique location and environment. It supports a high number of rare and endangered species. Cleome droserifolia (Rorida droserifolia) is an endangered plant found in Saint Katherine, Sinai, Egypt. It has been known for its medicinal uses so it becomes rare due to over-grazing and over-collection for use in traditional medicine, research and trade home use. DNA barcoding analysis and in vitro culture tools were conducted for saving the plant. This research supports the goal number 15 of the United Nations Sustainable Development (SDGs); aimed at preserving, restore and reinstate sustainable usage of terrestrial ecosystems and halting biodiversity deterioration. Two pairs primers of three DNA markers: [ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL), maturase K (matK) and trnH-psbA] were used for PCR amplification and sequencing. BLAST results and phylogenetic analysis proved a correct authentication of Cleome droserifolia on both; species and genus levels and confirms the involvement of Cleome droserifolia in Cleome genus. For in vitro propagation, cotyledonary node explants of germinated seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 0.27 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2.32 µM of kinetin (Kin). The highest mean number of axillary shoots was 8.16 shoots/explant. 85% of multiple shoots were successfully rooted on ¼ MS medium fortified with 7.42 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The successfully rooted plants were transferred to a mixture of sand, soil, and peat moss (1: 1: 1) and efficiently acclimatized in the greenhouse.
Wear behavior and CO2 emissions analysis of drum mower blades during Alfalfa harvest
Authors: Refai Mohamed , Abdelkader Tarek Kh. , Sayed Hassan A. A. , Wan Q. , Abdelhamid Mahmoud A.
Published: November 2023

The productivity and efficiency of harvesting forage crops depend on the sharpness and quality of the mower blades. Therefore, studying blade wear during Alfalfa harvesting is crucial to sharpening and maintaining blades. This research aims to create mathematical models to predict the wear of mower blades and assess the wear rate of mower blades, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions during the harvesting operation. Blade wear was measured by the weight loss method and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the field experiment. The results showed that the weight of the mower blade decreased from 103.82 to 98.39 g after 37.5 working hours. Over time, fuel consumption and operating costs increased due to the wear of blades. Also, CO2 emissions were 17.7 kg h−1 at the beginning of the experiment and increased to 29.5 kg h−1 after 37.5 working hours. Due to wear in the blades, the increase in fuel consumption, cost, and CO2 emissions reached 67% at the end of the experiment. From the obtained mathematical equations, the sharp part of the blade has worn out after 34 ± 3 working hours.

Graphical abstract
Can research on entactogens contribute to a deeper understanding of human sexuality?
Authors: Holka-Pokorska Justyna
Published: November 2023

In recent years, scientific research into the therapeutic potential of psychedelic compounds has experienced a resurgence of interest. New studies have shown promising results, supporting the use of psychedelic drugs in treating various psychiatric disorders, including treatment-resistant depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and even alcohol addiction. The FDA has recognized 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a breakthrough therapy to treat symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. At the same time, interviews with recreational MDMA users have documented experiences of emotional intimacy while using MDMA, often without the desire for penetrative sex. However, some people have reported that MDMA increases their sexual arousal and specifically use it to enhance their sexual performance. This study aims to analyze current and planned research on the psychophysiological effects of entactogens on human sexuality. With their prosocial potential, the pharmacokinetic and neuroendocrine effects of entactogens may recreate the subjective experience of emotional intimacy, the initiation of intimate relationships, or even feelings of ‘falling in love’ with previously neutral individuals while under the influence of entactogens. This includes MDMA-induced sexual arousal-like effects observed through subjective behavioral perceptions of desire and arousal and specific physiological markers such as oxytocin and prolactin. Modern MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AP) protocols are transparent and follow strict ethical guidelines. However, despite these proposed ethical principles, little consideration has been given to the potential neurobehavioral effects of entactogens on the sexuality of participants in MDMA-AP protocols. The psychophysiological and sexual effects of entactogens should be discussed more openly in current MDMA-AP protocols, including the potential experience of the phenomenon of sexualized pharmacotransference.
Energy, protein and iron densities of dabi teff-field pea-based optimised novel complementary flour and its contribution to daily energy and nutrients demand by 6–23-month-old children
Authors: Tura Diriba Chewaka , Belachew Tefera , Tamiru Dessalegn , Hassen Abate Kalkidan
Published: November 2023

Inadequate intake of age-specific energy and nutrients is among the prime immediate causes of child malnutrition. Thus, this study aimed to determine the energy, protein and Fe densities of pre-processed dabi teff-field pea-based optimised novel complementary flour and its contribution to daily energy and nutrients demand by 6–8, 9–11 and 12–23 month-old children. The optimal formula at overall optimisation was identified to be 34·66 % dabi teff, 25 % barley, 15 % oats, 15·34 % field pea, 5 % linseed and 5 % maize with response values of 15·74 % protein, 5·09 % fat, 2·26 % ash, 2·88 % fibre, 73·05 % carbohydrate, 1591·72 kJ/100 g (380·43 kcal/100 g) energy, 32·21 mg/100 g Fe, 77·51 mg/100 g Ca and 2·59 mg/100 g Zn. The energy density of the optimised novel complementary flour was 1·27 kcal/g which fulfilled the Pan American Health Organization/WHO recommendation (≥ 0·8 kcal/g), protein density was 4·14 g/100 kcal and the Fe density was 8·47 mg/100 kcal, which was 2·12 to 10·59 times higher than the recommended value where the optimal had demonstrated to contribute more than 100 % of the daily energy and protein demand and notably more than 200 % of daily Fe demand at moderate bioavailability (0·8–4 mg/100 kcal). These findings showed that the daily recommended dietary allowance for energy, protein and Fe could be attained by the developed dabi teff-field pea-based optimised novel complementary flour and its contribution to the children’s daily energy and nutrients demand met the standard, where the product can be used as food-based nutrition intervention to manage protein-energy malnutrition and Fe deficiency anemia in children sustainably.
Documenting Crisis: Artistic Innovation and Institutional Transformations in the German-Speaking Countries and the UK
Authors: Eder Thomas Fabian , Rowson James
Published: November 2023

The unprecedented suspension of cultural events across Europe in March 2020 had a profound impact on the performing arts. Alongside the proliferation of digital and hybrid modes of theatre-making, the Covid-19 pandemic has also precipitated a substantive shift in how theatres operate at both institutional and organizational levels in an attempt to respond to the volatile economic impact of the pandemic on the culture sector. This has provided a decisive moment for the reinterpretation of the theatre landscape, raising fundamental questions relating to institutional transformation that challenge precarious working models and entrenched hierarchical divides. Drawing on wider transnational research as part of the ‘Theatre after Covid’ project, this article examines the institutional effects of the pandemic on theatre and performance in the United Kingdom and the German-speaking countries. It details the findings of a wide-ranging survey conducted in 2022 with theatre workers and organizations that address how the industry is adapting and transforming in response to the crisis. Using this new data as a starting point, it analyzes how new forms of artistic innovation have emerged during Covid-19. By focusing on these institutional and aesthetic developments, the article argues that the pandemic has produced a paradigm shift that has crucially reinscribed how theatre is created, programmed, and understood.
A comparison of inter- and intraspecific variation in seed dispersal in three South American primates
Authors: Norford Ariek Barakat , Echeverry Kelin Nathaly , Obregón Juliana Ramos , Stevenson Pablo R.
Published: November 2023

Primate communities vary in their level of redundancy, or overlap, in seed dispersal function, which could be due to body size, degree of frugivory or intraspecific variation, among other factors. In this study, we quantified redundancy in seed dispersal among three sympatric primate species: Lagothrix lagothricha, Alouatta seniculus and Sapajus apella in gallery forests in Meta, Colombia. We compared the median seed width dispersed and the number and species richness of large (≥5.9 mm wide) and very large (>7.5 mm wide) seeds per faecal sample. The medium-sized, highly folivorous A. seniculus mostly dispersed large seeds, the larger, highly frugivorous L. lagothricha dispersed very large and small seeds, and the smaller, partially frugivorous S. apella dispersed the smallest seeds. However, for L. lagothricha and S. apella, we did not find the expected results that adults disperse larger seeds than juveniles. Across species, there is complementarity in seed dispersal in relation to seed size, with L. lagothricha being unique in its contribution to the dispersal of very large seeds both in terms of quantity and richness.
Mastermind with a linear number of queries
Authors: Martinsson Anders , Su Pascal
Published: November 2023

Since the 1960s Mastermind has been studied for the combinatorial and information-theoretical interest the game has to offer. Many results have been discovered starting with Erdős and Rényi determining the optimal number of queries needed for two colours. For
$k$
colours and
$n$
positions, Chvátal found asymptotically optimal bounds when
$k \le n^{1-\varepsilon }$
. Following a sequence of gradual improvements for
$k\geq n$
colours, the central open question is to resolve the gap between
$\Omega (n)$
and
$\mathcal{O}(n\log \log n)$
for
$k=n$
. In this paper, we resolve this gap by presenting the first algorithm for solving
$k=n$
Mastermind with a linear number of queries. As a consequence, we are able to determine the query complexity of Mastermind for any parameters
$k$
and
$n$
.
The effectiveness of pretreatment video-based psychoeducation for patients with breast cancer
Authors: Sato Toshiko , Seto Makiko , Sangai Takafumi , Norihiko Sengoku , Nishimiya Hiroshi , Kikuchi Mariko , Shimizu Ayaka , Iwamitsu Yumi
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study confirms the effectiveness of pretreatment video-based psychoeducation on stress management and relaxation in reducing depression, anxiety, and uncertainty among patients with breast cancer.

Methods

We conducted a nonrandomized trial with 86 pretreatment patients with breast cancer who were divided equally into intervention and control groups, and stratified according to cancer stages and patient ages. Omitting the excluded participants, 35 intervention group and 36 control group participants were asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Universal Uncertainty in Illness Scale (UUIS) before the psychoeducational intervention (baseline, hereafter “BL “) as well as 1 and 3 months later. Then, a 2 group (intervention and control groups) × 3 time points (BL and 1 and 3 months post-intervention) mixed models repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was implemented.

Results

Analysis confirmed interaction between 2 group × 3 time points for depression, anxiety, and UUIS. Multiple comparisons revealed that each score in the intervention group was significantly lower 1 and 3 months post-intervention compared to BL. Meanwhile, in the control group, the depression score was significantly higher at 3 months post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. The anxiety scores and UUIS of the same group were not significantly different between 1 and 3 months post-intervention. The effect size values 3 months post-intervention were −0.57 for depression, −0.25 for anxiety, and 0.05 for uncertainty.

Significance of results

Pretreatment psychoeducation reduced depression, anxiety, and uncertainty in the intervention group of patients with breast cancer compared to the control group. The effect sizes at 3 months post-intervention were moderate for depression and small for anxiety. These results suggest the effectiveness of psychoeducation for patients with breast cancer, using videos on stress management and relaxation, early at the pretreatment stage.
What role do sleep and circadian rhythms play in psychological functioning including motivation, emotion, cognition, and performance?
Authors: Kay Daniel B. , Dzierzewski Joseph M.
Published: November 2023

The influence of sleep and circadian rhythms on daytime functioning has long been noted. Psychologists and psychology-oriented researchers were among the first to investigate the role of sleep and circadian rhythms in motivation, emotion, cognition, and performance. At the dawn of modern sleep science, psychological fellow, F. B. Dresslar found that telegram tapping speed varied according to time of day providing the first clues to the role of circadian rhythms on performance (Dresslar 1892). Marie de Manacéïne was the first to experimentally demonstrate that sleep was critical to life and that the brain and behaviour were adversely impacted by sleep loss (de Manacéïne 1894) Patrick and Gilbert elaborated on the role of sleep on psychological functioning and were the first to experimentally study the impact of sleep loss in humans (Patrick and Gilbert 1896). The past century has seen an explosion of interest in understanding which aspects of sleep and circadian rhythms relate to which aspects of daytime psychological functioning.
Inheritance of resistance to S-metolachlor in a waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population from central Illinois
Authors: Kerr Dylan R. , Concepcion Jeanaflor Crystal T. , Riechers Dean E.
Published: November 2023

Waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] is a dioecious weed that has evolved resistance to very-long-chain fatty-acid elongase (VLCFAE)–inhibiting herbicides via rapid metabolism. Although detoxification enzyme activities are associated with S-metolachlor resistance in two multiple herbicide–resistant (MHR) A. tuberculatus populations from Illinois, the genetic basis of resistance is unknown. Therefore, our goal was to investigate inheritance of S-metolachlor resistance in the Stanford, Illinois–resistant (SIR) population. Specifically, our research objectives were to: (1) generate a uniformly resistant, full-sib near-inbred line (DK3-2) via three generations of recurrent selection for resistance using preemergence S-metolachlor; (2) develop A. tuberculatus populations segregating for S-metolachlor resistance via reciprocal single-plant (one male × one female) full-sib mating of DK3-2 and a VLCFAE-inhibiting herbicide-sensitive population, SEN; (3) quantify S-metolachlor resistance levels in parental lines and their F1 progenies via greenhouse dose–response analysis; and (4) evaluate inheritance of S-metolachlor resistance in F2 progenies. Dose–response analysis using six to eight S-metolachlor concentrations (0.015 to 15.0 μM, varying per population) generated lethal dose (LD) estimates of 50% (LD50) and 90% (LD90) for SIR, SEN, DK3-2, and F1 progenies. LD estimates indicated DK3-2 has a higher magnitude of S-metolachlor resistance than the SIR population, demonstrating single crosses significantly increased S-metolachlor resistance in DK3-2. Levels of S-metolachlor resistance in F1 populations were intermediate compared with DK3-2 and SEN. Segregation of S-metolachlor resistance in F2 families from the paternal-derived lines fit a single-gene model (R:S = 3:1), indicating a single, dominant gene confers S-metolachlor resistance in SIR. However, F2 segregation results from the maternal-derived lines fit a duplicate recessive epistasis model (R:S = 9:7), indicating a second recessive gene may also modify S-metolachlor resistance in SIR. Results and germplasm derived from this research can assist in identifying the gene(s) conferring resistance to S-metolachlor in A. tuberculatus.
A Statistical Approach to Retrieve Rainfall Intensity by Attenuation Measurements From Commercial Microwave Links
Authors: Zheng Xin , Messer Hagit , Qin Youwei , Song Ying , Zhang Wenxuan , Yang Tao
Published: November 2023

Commercial microwave link (CML) has become one of the most widely used opportunistic sensors for rainfall monitoring. The high density and coverage of CMLs enable us to monitor near‐ground rainfall in high spatial resolution. The empirical power‐law (PL) model proposed in 1978 is the leading approach in relating CML attenuation with rain rate. However, while giving good rain rate estimates for CMLs longer than 1 km, in short CMLs, large errors are observed when the PL approach is applied. In this paper, we studied a statistical approach to convert CML attenuation measurement to rainfall intensity. The proposed approach calculates the exceedance probability, p, of rain‐induced attenuation and derives the corresponding rainfall intensity based on the rain rate cumulative distribution curve. Data from two cities in two countries were used to validate the approach. The results of the proposed approach were compared with that of the PL model. Results show that the models derived using our approach outperform PL for short CMLs, while showing similar performance for long ones. Since in the next generation mobile networks short CMLs will become more and more dominant, our work provides a way to derive retrieval models for the future generation CML networks.
Magnetosphere–Ionosphere Drivers of Transient‐Large‐Amplitude Geomagnetic Disturbances: Statistical Analysis and Event Study
Authors: McCuen Brett A. , Moldwin Mark B. , Engebretson Mark J. , Weygand James M. , Nishimura Yukitoshi
Published: November 2023

We present a comprehensive statistical analysis of high‐frequency transient‐large‐amplitude (TLA) magnetic perturbation events that occurred at 12 high‐latitude ground magnetometer stations throughout Solar Cycle 24 from 2009 to 2019. TLA signatures are defined as one or more second‐timescale dB/dt interval with magnitude ≥6 nT/s within an hour event window. This study characterizes high‐frequency TLA events based on their spatial and temporal behavior, relation to ring current activity, auroral substorms, and nighttime geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) events. We show that TLA events occur primarily at night, solely in the high‐latitude region above 60° geomagnetic latitude, and commonly within 30 min of substorm onsets. The largest TLA events occurred more often in the declining phase of the solar cycle when ring current activity was lower and solar wind velocity was higher, suggesting association to high‐speed streams caused by coronal holes and subsequent corotating interaction regions reaching Earth. TLA perturbations often occurred preceding or within the most extreme nighttime GMD events that have 5–10 min timescales, but the TLA intervals were often even more localized than the ∼300 km effective scale size of GMDs. We provide evidence that shows TLA‐related GMD events are associated with dipolarization fronts in the magnetotail and fast flows toward Earth and are closely temporally associated with poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs) and auroral streamers. The highly localized behavior and connection to the most extreme GMD events suggests that TLA intervals are a ground manifestation of features within rapid and complex ionospheric structures that can drive geomagnetically induced currents.
Phosphorus-bearing molecules PO and PN at the edge of the Galaxy
Authors: Koelemay L. A. , Gold K. R. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: November 2023

Despite its importance in planet formation and biology1, phosphorus has been identified only in the inner 12 kpc of the Galaxy2–19. The study of this element has been hindered in part by unfavourable atomic transitions2,4,20. Phosphorus is thought to be created by neutron capture on 29Si and 30Si in massive stars20,21, and released into the interstellar medium by Type II supernova explosions2,22. However, models of galactic chemical evolution must arbitrarily increase the supernovae production23 to match observed abundances. Here we present the detection of gas-phase phosphorus in the Outer Galaxy through millimetre spectra of PO and PN. Rotational lines of these molecules were observed in the dense cloud WB89-621, located 22.6 kpc from the Galactic Centre24. The abundances of PO and PN in WB89-621 are comparable to values near the Solar System25. Supernovae are not present in the Outer Galaxy26, suggesting another source of phosphorus, such as ‘Galactic Fountains’, where supernova material is redistributed through the halo and circumgalactic medium27. However, fountain-enriched clouds are not found at such large distances. Any extragalactic source, such as the Magellanic Clouds, is unlikely to be metal rich28. Phosphorus instead may be produced by neutron-capture processes in lower mass asymptotic giant branch stars29 which are present in the Outer Galaxy. Asymptotic giant branch stars also produce carbon21, flattening the extrapolated metallicity gradient and accounting for the high abundances of C-containing molecules in WB89-621.
A Milky Way-like barred spiral galaxy at a redshift of 3
Authors: Costantin Luca , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Guo Yuchen , Buttitta Chiara , Jogee Shardha , Bagley Micaela B. , Barro Guillermo , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Cabello Cristina , Corsini Enrico Maria , Méndez-Abreu Jairo , de la Vega Alexander , Iyer Kartheik G. , Bisigello Laura , Cheng Yingjie , Morelli Lorenzo , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Buitrago Fernando , Cooper M. C. , Dekel Avishai , Dickinson Mark , Finkelstein Steven L. , Giavalisco Mauro , Holwerda Benne W. , Huertas-Company Marc , Lucas Ray A. , Papovich Casey , Pirzkal Nor , Seillé Lise-Marie , Vega-Ferrero Jesús , Wuyts Stijn , Yung L. Y. Aaron
Published: November 2023

The majority of massive disk galaxies in the local Universe show a stellar barred structure in their central regions, including our Milky Way1,2. Bars are supposed to develop in dynamically cold stellar disks at low redshift, as the strong gas turbulence typical of disk galaxies at high redshift suppresses or delays bar formation3,4. Moreover, simulations predict bars to be almost absent beyondz = 1.5 in the progenitors of Milky Way-like galaxies5,6. Here we report observations of ceers-2112, a barred spiral galaxy at redshiftzphot ≈ 3, which was already mature when the Universe was only 2 Gyr old. The stellar mass (M★ = 3.9 × 109 M⊙) and barred morphology mean that ceers-2112 can be considered a progenitor of the Milky Way7–9, in terms of both structure and mass-assembly history in the first 2 Gyr of the Universe, and was the closest in mass in the first 4 Gyr. We infer that baryons in galaxies could have already dominated over dark matter atz ≈ 3, that high-redshift bars could form in approximately 400 Myr and that dynamically cold stellar disks could have been in place by redshiftz = 4–5 (more than 12 Gyrs ago)10,11.
m1A in CAG repeat RNA binds to TDP-43 and induces neurodegeneration
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Dai Hui , Dai Xiaoxia , Yin Jiekai , Cui Yuxiang , Liu Xiaochuan , Gonzalez Gwendolyn , Yuan Jun , Tang Feng , Wang Nan , Perlegos Alexandra E. , Bonini Nancy M. , Yang X. William , Gu Weifeng , Wang Yinsheng
Published: November 2023

Microsatellite repeat expansions within genes contribute to a number of neurological diseases1,2. The accumulation of toxic proteins and RNA molecules with repetitive sequences, and/or sequestration of RNA-binding proteins by RNA molecules containing expanded repeats are thought to be important contributors to disease aetiology3–9. Here we reveal that the adenosine in CAG repeat RNA can be methylated to N1-methyladenosine (m1A) by TRMT61A, and that m1A can be demethylated by ALKBH3. We also observed that the m1A/adenosine ratio in CAG repeat RNA increases with repeat length, which is attributed to diminished expression of ALKBH3 elicited by the repeat RNA. Additionally, TDP-43 binds directly and strongly with m1A in RNA, which stimulates the cytoplasmic mis-localization and formation of gel-like aggregates of TDP-43, resembling the observations made for the protein in neurological diseases. Moreover, m1A in CAG repeat RNA contributes to CAG repeat expansion-induced neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. In sum, our study offers a new paradigm of the mechanism through which nucleotide repeat expansion contributes to neurological diseases and reveals a novel pathological function of m1A in RNA. These findings may provide an important mechanistic basis for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases emanating from CAG repeat expansion.
Skin cancer diagnosis (SCD) using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Improved Gray Wolf Optimization (IGWO)
Authors: Lai Wanqi , Kuang Meixia , Wang Xiaorou , Ghafariasl Parviz , Sabzalian Mohammad Hosein , Lee Sangkeum
Published: November 2023

Skin Cancer (SC) is one of the most dangerous types of cancer and if not treated in time, it can threaten the patient’s life. With early diagnosis of this disease, treatment methods can be used more effectively and the progression of the disease can be prevented. Machine Learning (ML) techniques can be utilized as a useful and efficient tool for SCD. So far, various methods for automatic SCD based on ML techniques have been presented; However, this research field still requires the application of optimal and efficient models to increase the accuracy of SCD. Therefore, in this article, a new method for SCD using a combination of optimization techniques and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is presented. The proposed method includes four steps: pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Image segmentation for identifying the lesion region is performed using a Kohonen neural network, where the identified region of interest (ROI) is enhanced using the Greedy Search Algorithm (GSA). The proposed method, uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for extracting features from ROIs. Also, to classify features, an ANN is used, and by the Improved Gray Wolf Optimization (IGWO) algorithm, the number of neurons and weight vector are adjusted. In this method, a probabilistic model is used to improve the convergence speed of the GWO algorithm. Based on the evaluation results, using the IGWO model to optimize the structure and weight vector of the ANN can be effective in increasing the diagnosis accuracy by at least 5%. The results of implementing the proposed method and comparing its performance with previous methods also show that this method can diagnose SC in the ISIC-2016 and ISIC-2017 databases with an average accuracy of 97.09 and 95.17%, respectively; which improves accuracy by at least 0.5% compared to other methods.
Greenness assessment of UPLC/MS/MS method for determination of two antihypertensive agents and their harmful impurities with ADME/TOX profile study
Authors: Nagieb Hend M. , Abdelwahab Nada S. , Abdelrahman Maha M. , Zaazaa Hala E. , Ghoniem Nermine S.
Published: November 2023

Hypertension is described by the world health organization (WHO) as a serious medical problem that significantly affects the heart, brain and kidneys. It is a major cause of premature death worldwide. The present study aims to quantify the combination of captopril (CPL), hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) and their harmful impurities; captopril disulphide (CDS), chlorothiaizde (CTZ) and salamide (SMD). In-silico study was conducted for estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters (ADMET) as well as toxicity profile of the proposed impurities. The results showed that the three impurities under investigation had poor permeability to CNS and cannot pass the blood–brain barrier (BBB), reducing the likelihood of causing side effects in the brain. On the other hand, all studied impurities were found to be hepatotoxic. In consequence, a highly sensitive and green ultra-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for separation of the cited drugs in the presence of their harmful impurities; methanol and 0.1% formic acid (90:10, v/v) mixture was used as a mobile phase, eluted at a constant flow rate of 0.7 mL/min at room temperature. Detection was adopted using a tandem mass spectrometer in a positive mode only for CPL and negative mode for HCZ, CDS, CTZ and SMD. Separation was performed within 1 min. Calibration graphs were found to be linear in the ranges of (50.0–500.0 ng mL−1), (20.0–500.0 ng mL−1), (10.0–250.0 ng mL−1), (5.0–250.0 ng mL−1) and (20.0–400.0 ng mL−1) corresponding to CPL, HCZ, CDS, CTZ and SMD, respectively. Additionally, comparative study of greenness profile was established for the proposed and reported methods using five green metric tools. The proposed method was found to be greener than the reported HPLC method. The developed (UPLC/MS/MS) method was validated according to (ICH) guidelines and it was found to has greater sensitivity, shorter analysis time and lower environmental impact compared to the reported methods.
Quaternary low-temperature serpentinization and carbonation in the New Caledonia ophiolite
Authors: Corre Marianna , Brunet Fabrice , Schwartz Stéphane , Gautheron Cécile , Agranier Arnaud , Lesimple Stéphane
Published: November 2023

The low-temperature alteration (< 150 °C) of ophiolites by infiltrated meteoric waters removes atmospheric CO2 through mineral carbonation and is assumed to generate H2 and possibly CH4 according to so-called serpentinization reactions. This overall alteration pattern is primarily constrained by the chemical composition of alkaline springs that are issued in several ophiolites worldwide. Here we report on the fingerprint, as veinlet mineralization, of the reactive percolation of such meteoric waters in the New Caledonia ophiolite (Massif du Sud). The mineralization which resulted from carbonation and serpentinization reactions, is young (< 2 Ma) and formed at a temperature of ca. 95 °C. It is mainly composed of lizardite, dolomite, magnetite ± pyroaurite. Thermochemical simulation of mineral–water equilibria shows that the percolating aqueous fluid was alkaline and H2 bearing. The δ13C of dolomite is exceptionally high, between 7.1 and up to 17.3‰, and is interpreted as evidence of low-temperature methanogenesis. Overall, the percolating fluid had a chemical composition similar to that of the waters issued today in the (hyper)alkaline springs of the Massif du Sud. The studied veinlets are thus interpreted as a sample of the plumbing system that fed an ancient Quaternary alkaline spring in the area.
Leveraging cascade alkynyl Prins cyclization towards the stereoselective synthesis of spiro-furan quinazolinone scaffolds
Authors: Biswas Subhamoy , Shit Sudip , Behera Bipin Kumar , Sahu Archana Kumari , Saikia Anil K.
Published: November 2023

Highly functionalized spiro-furan quinazolinone scaffolds employing cascade alkynyl Prins cyclization reaction with an exocyclic double bond in excellent yields and exclusive selectivity are revealed.
Investigating the kinetics of the intramolecular H-migration reaction class of methyl-ester peroxy radicals in low-temperature oxidation mechanisms of biodiesel
Authors: Li Tao , Li Juanqin , Chen Siyu , Zhu Quan , Li Zerong
Published: November 2023

Accurate rate rules of 20 subclasses for intramolecular H-migration reactions of methyl-ester peroxide radicals are developed, considering the influence of the ester group.
Exploring correlation effects and volume collapse during electride dimensionality change in Ca2N
Authors: Novoselov Dmitry Y. , Mazannikova Mary A. , Korotin Dmitry M. , Shorikov Alexey O. , Anisimov Vladimir I. , Oganov Artem R.
Published: November 2023

Correlation effects on the interstitial electronic states of Ca2N electride make a significant contribution to the metal-semiconductor transition and the resulting volume collapse, as the dimensionality of the space housing excess electrons reducess.
Boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction over S-scheme CTF–Bi–BiOBr using pre-oxidized dissolved effluent organic matter as an electron donor
Authors: Huang Guocheng , Zhao Jiusheng , Zhang Jinpeng , Zhao Tiansu , Bi Jinhong , Pan Min , Wong Po Keung , Chow Alex Tat-Shing
Published: November 2023

Oxic photocatalytic pre-treatment enhances the electron donating propensity of dissolved effluent organic matter for boosting photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CO over an S-scheme CTF–Bi–BiOBr photocatalyst.
Multi-step oxidative carboxylation of olefins with carbon dioxide by combining electrochemical and 3D-printed flow reactors
Authors: Iglesias Diego , Tinajero Cristopher , Marchetti Simone , Roppolo Ignazio , Zanatta Marcileia , Sans Victor
Published: November 2023

Olefin electrooxidation is combined with CO2 cycloaddition to produce cyclic carbonates using 3D-printed reactors in continuous flow.
Measuring the electrophoretic mobility and size of single particles using microfluidic transverse AC electrophoresis (TrACE)
Authors: Choi M. Hannah , Hong Liu , Chamorro Leonardo P. , Edwards Boyd , Timperman Aaron T.
Published: November 2023

Low-frequency AC electric waves below the redox limit are applied to the TrACE device. Oscillating particle trajectories are recorded with PTV, and each trajectory is analyzed for the charge and size of single particles.
Enhanced polarization via Joule heating in wood-derived carbon materials for absorption-dominated EMI shielding
Authors: Feng Haoyang , Hong Jianming , Zhang Jiaxiang , He Pingping , Zhou Honghai , Wang Sai , Xing Hongna , Li Ruosong
Published: November 2023

To cope with sophisticated application scenarios, carbon materials can provide opportunities for integrating multi-functionalities into superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties.
Preparation of phillyrin/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and study of their physical properties, solubility enhancement, molecular docking and antioxidant activity
Authors: Qin Qiao , Zhao Qing-Sheng , Li Hang , Ren Yu-Heng , Zha Sheng-hua , Tian Rong-Rong , Li Jing , Hou Shou-bu
Published: November 2023

Phillyrin has good biological activity, but it is insoluble in water, which restricts its use in various industries.
The roles of the oxygen vacancies caused by the ion doping method in catalytic materials and their applications in advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Nie Jinxin , Lai Cui , Hu Tianjue , Yan Huchuan , Liu Shiyu , Li Ling , Huo Xiuqin , Zhou Xuerong , Zhang Mingming , Xu Fuhang , Ma Dengsheng , Ye Haoyang , Li Yixia , Wang Neng , Li Hanxi
Published: November 2023

We review the principles of oxygen vacancy formation induced by dopant ions, their mechanism of action and their application in advanced oxidation processes.
Cu-catalyzed arylation of S-tosyl peptides with arylboronic acids
Authors: Ying Junjie , Huang Jingrong , Liu Chenguang , Chen Fa-Jie , Xu Chunfa , Chen Fen-Er
Published: November 2023

Herein, we reported a copper-catalyzed arylation of S-tosyl peptides with arylboronic acids under mild reaction conditions. Various S-arylated cysteines and peptides were synthesized in excellent yields in both batch and flow chemistry.
Expression of Concern: The controlled synthesis and DFT investigation of novel (0D)–(3D) ZnS/SiO2 heterostructures for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Sanad Mohamed F. , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Ahmed M. A. , Messih M. F. Abdel
Published: November 2023

Expression of Concern for ‘The controlled synthesis and DFT investigation of novel (0D)–(3D) ZnS/SiO2 heterostructures for photocatalytic applications’ by Mohamed F. Sanad et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 22352–22364, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02284A.
Efficient and labor-saving Ru/C catalysts for the transformation of levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone under mild reaction conditions
Authors: Ruiz-Bernal Zaira , Lillo-Ródenas M. Ángeles , Román-Martínez M. Carmen
Published: November 2023

The strong influence of the support surface chemistry in the support–metal interaction, the subsequent final state of the metallic active phase and the catalytic behaviour of Ru/C catalysts is revealed.
Advance in application of rapid non-destructive testing technology in the detection of apple mold heart disease
Authors: Li Yanlei , Yang Zihao , Bai Mengyu , Dong Jun , Hui Teng , Wang Wenxiu
Published: November 2023

Apples are rich in vitamins and dietary fiber, and are one of the essential fruits and vegetables in People’s Daily diet. China is a big apple consumer, and with the improvement of people’s pursuit of quality of life and the improvement of nutrition and health requirements, the demand for high-quality apples has increased year by year. Apple mold heart disease is one of the main diseases affecting apple quality, this disease can not be identified from the outside, so the detection is very difficult, and spectral technology, electromagnetic technology and other non-destructive testing technology has accurate, efficient, convenient, non-destructive advantages, can greatly reduce the difficulty of detection of mold heart disease. This paper mainly analyzed the application of non-destructive testing technology in the detection of apple mold heart disease, combined with the current rapid development of AI technology to discuss the future development direction of each technology in the field of apple mold heart disease rapid detection.