bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Green Banking Trends in Uttara Kannada District
Authors: Hebbar C.K.
Published: December 2020

Green Banking has emerged as a new trend of development in response to the current scenario. The concept of ‘Green Banking’ will be beneficial to the banks, industries, or as well as the economy. ‘Green Banking’ will not only ensure the greening of the industries but it works in improving the quality of assets in the banks in the future. The data is collected on the basis of both primary as well as secondary data. Finally, “Green Banking” is beneficial for not only the banking sector alone but also to the companies, industries and the whole economy.
Analisis Ketidaksinambungan Dokumentasi Perencanaan Asuhan Keperawatan : Metode Ishikawa
Authors: Christina Purnama , Indracahyani Agustin , Yatnikasaria Aat
Published: December 2020

AbstrakPerencanaan asuhan keperawatan merupakan kunci dari continuity of care.Dokumentasi perencanaan asuhan keperawatan yang tidak saling berkesinambungan dalam rekam medis berdampak pada kualitas asuhan pasien. Tujuan studi ini adalah menganalisis penyebab fenomena ketidaksinambungan tersebut sehingga dapat memberikan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan bagi pelayanan asuhan keperawatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan analisis gap antara kondisi yang terjadi dengan kondisi ideal. Studi ini menganalisis fenomena berdasarkan pendekatan fungsi manajemen keperawatan dan metode Ishikawa. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan data sekunder dari studi dokumentasi data rumah sakit. Responden dipilih dengan cara tehnik purposive sampling sejumlah sembilan orang manajer keperawatan. Hasil analisis Ishikawa menemukan penyebab utama adalah lembar POC pada awalnya diberlakukan oleh pokja akreditasi rumah sakit sehingga setelah penilaian akreditasi selesai keberlanjutannya terhambat. Selain itu ditemukan juga masalah lain sepertipengetahuan perawat tentang metode penugasan perawat primer, ketenagaan dan supervisi rekam medis POC yang belum optimal. Kesimpulan dari analisis fungsi manajemen keperawatandiperoleh bahwa fungsi pengarahan dan fungsi pengendalian perlu ditingkatkan agar dokumentasi perencanaan asuhan keperawatan lebih optimal. Keyword: metode ishikawa, perencanaan keperawatan, fungsi manajemen. Analysis of Discontinuity of Nursing Care Planning Documentation: Ishikawa Method.AbstractPlanning nursing care is the key to continuity of care. Documentation of non-mutually sustainable nursing care planning in medical records has an impact on the qualities of patient care. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of the phenomenon of discontinuity so that it can give recommendations for improvement for nursing care services. The method used is a case study with a gap analysis approach between conditions that occur with ideal conditions. This study analyzes phenomena based on nursing management function approach and Ishikawa method. The data collection technique is by interview, observation and secondary data from hospital data documentation studies. Respondents are select by a purposive sampling technique with nine nursing managers. Ishikawa's analysis found that the main cause was that the POC sheet was initially applied by the hospital accreditation working group so that after the accreditation assessment finished the sustainability hampered. In addition, other problems were also found such as nurses' knowledge about the primary nurse assignment method, workforce and supervision of POC medical records that were not ideal. Conclusion of analysis of nursing management functions is that the directional function and control function need to improved so that the planning of nursing care is more ideal.Keyword: ishikawa analysis, management functions, nursing care plan.
Further results on the existence of solutions for generalized fractional quadratic functional integral equations
Authors: Abdo Mohammed S.
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses some existence results for at least one continuous solution for generalized fractional quadratic functional integral equations. Some results on nonlinear functional analysis including Schauder fixed point theorem are applied to establish the existence result for proposed equations. We improve and extend the literature by incorporated some well-known and commonly cited results as special cases in this topic. Further, we prove the existence of maximal and minimal solutions for these equations.
Some existence and stability results for ψ-Hilfer fractional implicit differential equation with periodic conditions
Authors: Almalahi Mohammed A. , Panchal Satish. K
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the class of boundary value problems for a nonlinear implicit fractional differential equation with periodic conditions involving a ψ-Hilfer fractional derivative. With the help of properties Mittag-Leffler functions, and fixed-point techniques, we establish the existence and uniqueness results, whereas the generalized Gronwall inequality is applied to get the stability results. Also, an example is provided to illustrate the obtained results.
Abuso en la prescripción de fluoroquinolonas para el tratamiento de infecciones urinarias
Authors: Macías Hernández Alejandro E.
Published: December 2020

Las fluoroquinolonas, o quinolonas, son antibióticos sintéticos que inhiben las girasas del ADN. Entre los más prescritos se encuentran: ácido nalidíxico, ciprofloxacino, norfloxacino, ofloxacino, levofloxacino y moxifloxacino. Tienen la capacidad de absorberse por vía oral y se distribuyen ampliamente en todos los tejidos; puesto que alcanzan una concentración urinaria alta, se indican en diversas infecciones urológicas. En relación con las primeras, las “nuevas quinolonas” (levofloxacino o moxifloxacino) tienen actividad contra patógenos de la vía aérea, como neumococo o mycoplasma; sin embargo, carecen de ventajas contra microorganismos gramnegativos.
El éxito de un esfuerzo conjunto
Authors: Beas-Sandoval Luis R.
Published: December 2020

Se cumple un año en que se iniciaron las funciones del actual consejo directivo 2017-2019 y como es costumbre en cada cambio se renuevan energías, florece el entusiasmo y se generan proyectos con el objetivo de afianzar, perfeccionar y planear nuevas metas hacia un mismo propósito, el de cumplirle a la membresía en tener mejores expectativas en el seno de nuestra Sociedad Mexicana de Urología y validarlo al exterior en nuestro órgano oficial de difusión.
Detección de cáncer de próstata incidental con resección transuretral de próstata en pacientes con síntomas de tracto urinario inferior y antígeno prostático específico elevado del Hospital General de México
Authors: Reyes-Sánchez Edgardo Adair , Reyes Alcaraz Jennifer Estefanía , Rodríguez Sánchez Yunuen , Rendón Macías Mario Enrique , Acevedo Garcia Christian , Jaspersen Gastelum Jorge
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar la tasa de detección temprana de cáncer de próstata en zona de transición mediante realización de resección transuretral de próstata en pacientes con sospecha de cáncer sin o con biopsia transrrectal de próstata negativa.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y transversal que compara la eficacia de la resección transuretral de próstata en detección temprana de cáncer de próstata en zona de transición. Se incluyeron pacientes masculinos mayores de 40 años, que acudieron a consulta externa de Urología del Hospital General de México por presencia de síntomas del tracto urinario bajo, antígeno prostático elevado, tacto rectal normal y biopsia transrrectal de próstata negativa.
Resultados: En el grupo de pacientes con riesgo alto para cáncer de próstata con btrp, 121 (96.03%) resultaron con diagnóstico negativo para cáncer posterior a rtup; adicionalmente 5 (3.97%) resultaron con diagnóstico positivo para cáncer de próstata posterior a rtup a pesar de tener antecedente de biopsia transrrectal negativa; en cuanto al Gleason en 2 (40%) fue 6, y 7, 9 y 10 representaron 1 (20%) respectivamente. En el grupo de pacientes con riesgo bajo para cáncer de próstata no candidatos para btrp, pero con síndrome obstructivo bajo, resultaron 111 (88.09%) con diagnóstico negativo para cáncer de próstata posterior a rtup, adicionalmente 15 (11.91%) resultaron con diagnóstico de cáncer, 7 (46.7%) con Gleason 7, Gleason 6 en 3 (20%) y  Gleason 9 con 3 (20%), Gleason 8 y 10 se presentaron en 1 (6.7%).
Conclusiones:  Los pacientes detectados con cáncer de próstata por rtup representan un grupo diverso en los cuales dicha técnica puede resultar diagnóstica y terapéutica; corroborando que la rtup como herramienta diagnóstica es útil, mejora la detección de cáncer de próstata en casos aislados y específicos como se muestra en dicho estudio. Es importante destacar que la rtup aislada con fines puramente diagnostico, no se recomienda.
Nefrectomia simple laparoscópica robot asistida con extracción de pieza transvaginal. Reporte de caso
Authors: Cruz-Ordoñez Sandra Xochiquetzal , Torres Gómez Jesús Javier , Estrada Carrasco Carlos Emmanuel , Martínez Alonso Iván Azael , Campos Salcedo José Gadú
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Minimizar la morbilidad en la nefrectomía laparoscópica robot asistida con la extracción de la pieza por orificios naturales, asi como estandarizar la técnica quirúrgica laparoscópica robot asistida con extracción de pieza transvaginal a fin de identificar los pasos críticos y posibles complicaciones de este abordaje.

Materiales y métodos: Se  trata de una paciente femenina de la cuarta década de la vida, multípara, con antecedente de infección de vías urinarias recurrentes, secundaria a hipoplasia renal derecha, documentando la exclusión renal funcional mediante gamagrama renal, se propuso el manejo mediante técnica quirúrgica tradicional, realizando abordaje transperitoneal laparoscópico robot asistido, con el uso de 2 trocares robóticos, un trocar accesorio abdominal y un trocar transvaginal.

Resultados: Se utilizaron 2 trocares robóticos, un trocar accesorio en el fondo de saco de Douglas y uno abdominal, con un tiempo operatorio de 45 minutos posterior al acoplamiento robot-paciente, con un sangrado transoperatorio cuantificado en 30 ml. El tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue de 2 días, con un tiempo promedio de uso de analgésicos de 5 días; en el post operatorio mediato la paciente presentó como complicación la presencia de infección de vías urinarias que ameritó tratamiento mediante antibioticoterapia, sin otras complicaciones.

Conclusiones: El abordaje laparoscópico robot asistido con la utilización de orificios naturales para la extracción de la pieza quirúrgica, reduce el costo y la morbilidad trans y post operatoria de las pacientes sometidas a este tipo de abordaje, así mismo reduce el tiempo quirúrgico, el sangrado transoperatorio, la estancia hospitalaria y  el uso de analgésicos.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la hiperplasia prostática benigna: Revisión de la literatura
Authors: López-Ramos Hugo , Bolívar-Barragán John Alexander , De Vivero Sara , Bojanini Sebastián , De La Espriella María Cecilia
Published: December 2020

Introducción: La hiperplasia prostática benigna HPB es una patología prevalente. Dependiendo de la severidad del tracto urinario bajo se define la necesidad del manejo médico o quirúrgico, el cual tiene como patrón de oro, la resección transuretral de la próstata por sistema bipolar  TURP-B Objetivo: Determinar el estado actual de las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas  para comparar su eficacia y seguridad en el tratamiento de hiperplasia prostática benigna.

Métodos. Se realizó una busqueda en cinco bases de datos PUBMED, Embase, Lilacs, Science Direct y Greynet. Se evaluaron metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados determinando la eficacia y seguridad de las técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento de HPB entre los años 2006 al año 2016.

Resultados: A partir de 2505 artículos escogidos por título y resumen, 94 artículos fueron escogidos para revisión del texto completo. Se encontraron diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas; TURP por método monopolar o bipolar, prostatectomía abierta, vaporización del plasma, técnicas laser, técnicas ablativas mínimamente invasivas. La mayoría de los artículos compara TURP-B (patrón de oro) vs otros métodos quirúrgicos; enfocándose en desenlaces clínicos basados en escalas de IPSS score, Qmax, PVR y QoL;  Observándose resultados similares entre todas las técnicas.

Conclusiones: TURP-B es la técnica más practicada para el manejo de HPB, con buenos resultados en comparación con TURP-M. Resultados similares entre TURP-B con HoLEP, ThuLEP, Greenlight láser, TUMT. La decisión de la técnica quirúrgica sera elegida según la experticia del cirujano y las caracteristicas de cada paciente. Los resultados aquí presentados son heterogéneos y hacen necesario mayor investigación.
Tumor renal de células claras como debut de la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau: reporte de caso
Authors: Martínez-Valeriano David Alejandro , Vásquez-Ciriaco Sergio , Jiménez-Rivera Elisa , García-Manzano Roberto Armando , Barker-Antonio Alan , Dávila-Ruiz Ediel Osvaldo , García-Espinoza Jaime Aron
Published: December 2020

Antecedentes: La enfermedad de Von Hippel Lindau se debe a mutaciones del gen VHL (un supresor tumoral) que provoca aparición de distintas neoplasias en sistema nervioso central, ojo y abdomen. Su incidencia es baja y su importancia estriba en que el carcinoma renal de células claras representa la entidad con mayor tasa de letalidad en pacientes afectados por esta enfermedad.

Caso clínico: Femenino de 45 años que presenta múltiples antecedentes familiares de neoplasias del sistema nervioso central y abdomen, que acude por aparición de tumoración abdominal. Se corrobora por imagen una neoplasia renal por lo que se somete a nefrectomía radical izquierda y se confirma el diagnóstico de carcinoma renal de células claras. En su abordaje posterior se integra el diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Von Hippel Lindau tipo I.

Conclusiones: La enfermedad de Von Hippel Lindau presenta diversas manifestaciones neoplásicas de las cuales el carcinoma renal de células claras representa la entidad con mayor morbimortalidad, por lo que su detección temprana cuando existen antecedentes familiares es esencial para mejorar el pronóstico y diagnosticar a tiempo otras neoplasias vistas en la enfermedad.
Linfedema penoscrotal primario, una entidad clínica inusual: reporte de un caso
Authors: García-Manzano Roberto Armando , García-Espinoza Jaime Aron , Flores-Carrillo Victor Manuel , García-Aragón Verónica Belém , Martínez-Santiago Nallely Ytandehui
Published: December 2020

Caso clínico: Masculino de 52 años a quien se diagnostica linfedema penoscrotal primario tardío gigante, que fue tratado con linfangiectomía más reconstrucción de los genitales. En su seguimiento de un año, no ha habido recurrencia de la enfermedad y se logra conservar la función sexual.

Relevancia: El linfedema penoscrotal gigante es una condición patológica de muy baja incidencia, pero con alto impacto en la morbilidad; Se desencadena por la acumulación de líquido rico en proteínas en el tejido celular subcutáneo, que genera deformidad, pérdida de la función sexual e infecciones por repetición.

Implicaciones clínicas: Esta entidad clínica condiciona deterioro de la calidad de vida en los pacientes, ya que provoca malestar para la deambulación y sobre todo produce deterioro de la función sexual.

Discusión y conclusión: El tratamiento quirúrgico de esta afección representa actualmente la mejor opción terapéutica, ya que previene la progresión de la enfermedad, la deformidad y preserva la función. La mejor de las técnicas es la linfangiectomía más la reconstrucción de los genitales, la cual se describe en el presente caso con evolución favorable.
Bruceloma Renal: A propósito de un caso
Authors: Muñiz-Suárez Laura , Hijazo-Gascón Daniel , Asensio-Matas Agustín , Gayarre-Abril Paula , Montero-Martorán Aida , Subirá-Ríos Jorge , Elizalde-Benito Francisco Xavier
Published: December 2020

Descripción del caso clínico: Paciente en contacto habitual con ganado ovino y bovino, astenia, anemia y fiebre de origen desconocido. En este contexto se realizan varias pruebas complementarias, entre ellas un TC abdominal que revela masa renal calcificada. Con la sospecha de brucelosis, tras obtenerse un resultado positivo en Rosa de Bengala, se comienza tratamiento antibiótico y se realiza nefrectomía simple derecha por lumbotomía, la pieza quirúrgica confirmó el diagnóstico con PCR positiva para Brucella Melitensis.

Relevancia: Existen muy pocos casos de bruceloma renal descritos en la literatura, por ello, es importante divulgar los casos que surjan para ampliar el conocimiento sobre esta patología y su tratamiento.

Implicaciones clínicas: En ocasiones las pruebas no invasivas no son suficientes para su diagnóstico y el tratamiento quirúrgico junto con la antibioterapia es de elección en la mayoría de los casos descritos en la literatura.

Conclusiones: La brucelosis es una enfermedad poco frecuente pero endémica en algunas zonas. El diagnóstico suele darse en el contexto de un estudio por fiebre de origen desconocido. El tratamiento del bruceloma renal suele ser la combinación de antibioterapia y cirugía.
Tratamiento de la litiasis coraliforme con Litroticia extracorpórea por ondas de choque. Análisis de nuestra serie en 20 años
Authors: Hernández-Alcaraz David , Molina-Díaz Patricia , Caballero-Cobos Rocío
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y las complicaciones del tratamiento con litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque (LEOC) en litiasis coraliformes.

Diseño: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de litiasis coraliformes tratadas con LEOC en el Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga entre los años 1990 y 2010.

Resultados: Se incluyeron 157 pacientes sometidos a LEOC de litiasis coraliforme, 136 mujeres y 21 hombres. El número medio de sesiones para la fragmentación fue de 3,39± 1.94, el número de ondas de 10066.67±6182.96, la intensidad media de 16,24±12.37, la energía acumulada media de 402.69±182.07 y el tiempo de resolución de 7.59±7.97 meses. De los pacientes analizados, 106 quedaron libres de litiasis y 51 presentaron fragmentos residuales pequeños; sólo 12 tuvieron recidiva litiásica. La mortalidad fue del 0%. Las complicaciones según Clavien-Dindo fueron un 10% de tipo IIIb, 18% tipo IIIa y 3,31% tipo II. El coeficiente de efectividad de Clayman fue de 0,49 si consideramos retratamiento cuando se necesita más de una sesión y 0,71 si se consideran todas las sesiones como un único tratamiento.

Limitaciones del estudio: Al tratarse de un estudio observacional retrospectivo, las conclusiones obtenidas son relativas, dado que existe heterogeneidad entre pacientes, en lo referente a morfología de la vía urinaria, tamaño y composición de las litiasis.

Originalidad o valor: LEOC en pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades, es una alternativa a la cirugía.

Conclusiones: Aunque la LEOC no es el tratamiento de elección para los cálculos coraliformes, es una opción válida en casos determinados, siempre en función de la disponibilidad del centro y/o experiencia del urólogo.
Ethnopharmacological Survey and Physiological Evaluation of Nutritional and
Phytochemical Contents of Indigenous Plants Used for Treatment of Toothache and Mouth Odour in Ijebu Ode Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: A. W. OJEWUMI , E.O. OYEBANJI
Published: December 2020

The use of herbs for improvement of oral hygiene is increasing in many communities in Nigeria despite the usage of other dental care products. On the basis of this the present study was conducted to assess indigenous plants used to manage dental condition and mouth odour and to evaluate nutritional, phytochemicals and antinutrient content of the plants. A survey was conducted to document plants used for treatment of toothache and mouth odour in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area. Using random sampling technique, a total of one hundred
structured questionnaire was administered to Traditional Health Practitioners in three major markets of the study area. Nutritional, phytochemical and anti-nutrient contents of most used plants were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis System. Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance (p < 0.05). A total of twenty-three (23) plants belonging to sixteen families were enumerated out of which Capsicum frutescens, Piper guineense fruits and Zanthoxylum zanthoxloides roots
were the most exploited for management of the conditions. Crude fibre (8.86 %), fat (1.12%) and ash contents (4.73%) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Z. zanthoxloides roots while moisture (25.75 %) was
significantly higher (p <0.05) in C. frutescens fruits. Calcium (192.10 mg/100g), phosphorus (108.50 mg/100g), sodium (51.33 mg/100g), iron (4.85 mg/100g), Zinc (3.94 mg/100g), manganese (1.15 mg/100g)
and copper (2.12 mg/100g) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Z. zanthoxloides roots compared C. frutescens and P. guineense fruits. Vitamin A (600.00 µ/100g), vitamin B (0.07.00 mg/100g), vitamin C (94.54
mg/100g) and vitamin E (720.00) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in C. frutescens than Z. zanthoxloides and P. guineense. Results also showed that tannin (6.40 %), oxalate (30.00%), phytate (0.40%) and trypsin
inhibitor (20.00 %) were significantly higher in frutescens than Z. zanthoxloides roots. Similar significant (p<0.05) increase were observed in the quantity of flavonoid (3.25%), saponnis (1.30%), phenol (0.60%) and
anthocyaninns (0.23%) in Z. zanthoxloides compared with C. frutescens and P. guineense.
SORPTION POTENTIALS OF MELON PEELS IN THE REMOVAL OF
ULTRAMARINE RED (DYE) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: ASIAGWU A.K.
Published: December 2020

This work was conducted in line with the efforts to remove coloured materials from waste water using non –
conventional techniques. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness and efficiency of melon
(Cucumeropsis mannii) peels in the removal of ultramarine red, from aqueous solution. The dependence of
sorption parameters (contact time, dosage, temperature and pH) on dye removal were examined. Results obtained
revealed that increase in the contact time between 20-100 minutes increased the dye adsorption. The maximum
percentage of ultramarine red dye removed was obtained at 100 minutes. However, increase in dye concentration
from 10 – 50mg/L, resulted to an increase in sorption capacity (0437-1.062mg/g). The pH increase resulted to
increase in ultramarine red adsorption. Meanwhile ultramarine red adsorption was also observed to increase from
0.054-0.079mg/g, while the temperature was varied between 30o-70oC. The data generated were further fitted to
both Langmuir and Freunlich Isotherms. The separation factor (SF) from Langmuir was 0.48. While the
coefficient of determination from Freundlich (R2) was 0.976, indicating that both models were favourable to the
adsorption process. Pseudo-second order kinetics produced a better description of the adsorption process than
the pseudoThis work was conducted in line with the efforts to remove coloured materials from waste water using non –
conventional techniques. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness and efficiency of melon
(Cucumeropsis mannii) peels in the removal of ultramarine red, from aqueous solution. The dependence of
sorption parameters (contact time, dosage, temperature and pH) on dye removal were examined. Results obtained
revealed that increase in the contact time between 20-100 minutes increased the dye adsorption. The maximum
percentage of ultramarine red dye removed was obtained at 100 minutes. However, increase in dye concentration
from 10 – 50mg/L, resulted to an increase in sorption capacity (0437-1.062mg/g). The pH increase resulted to
increase in ultramarine red adsorption. Meanwhile ultramarine red adsorption was also observed to increase from
0.054-0.079mg/g, while the temperature was varied between 30o-70oC. The data generated were further fitted to
both Langmuir and Freunlich Isotherms. The separation factor (SF) from Langmuir was 0.48. While the
coefficient of determination from Freundlich (R2) was 0.976, indicating that both models were favourable to the
adsorption process. Pseudo-second order kinetics produced a better description of the adsorption process than
the pseudo-first order kinetics. The melon peel is a good adsorbent for the sorption of ultramarine red in aqueous
solution.
Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella typhi among Out-Patients in Hospitals within
Ilorin, Nigeria and their Susceptibility to Cymbopogon Citratus
Authors: Anibijuwon Ibikunle Ibitayo , Adedokun Adetutu , Suleiman Muhammed Mustapha , Olafimihan Christiana Abiola , Olanrewaju Sariyat Olayinka
Published: December 2020

The indiscriminate use of drugs, medication and non-adherence are one of the factors that has led to the
emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of typhoid
fever among out-patients in some selected Specialist Hospitals in Ilorin Metropolis and to determine the
susceptibility of the causative agent to antibiotics and plant extract of Cymbopogon citratus. A cross-sectional
survey was completed over a five-month surveillance period in these four locations namely: The Children
Specialist Hospital Centre Igboro; Cottage Hospital; Adewole Specialist Hospital Alagbado; and Civil Service
Hospital with a total of about 400 blood samples from out-patients across ages. Antibiogram profiling of the
isolates to standard gram-negative antibiotics and antibacterial activity of Cymbopogon citratus extracts were
determined using disc diffusion method. A total of Eight (8) Salmonella typhi isolates were recovered
collectively from the patients. All the isolates were multi-drug resistant with a notable resistance to
chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. Molecular confirmation of the isolates showed DNA size of
500 base pairs. The ethanolic extract of Cymbopogon citratus was more potent with MIC of 12.5mg/ml and
MBC 25mg/ml while the phytochemical screening of the plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids,
phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids and glycosides. The promising outcome of the plant extract against
Salmonella typhi posits its possible application in treatment against the infectious agent.
MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI METODE ROLE PLAYING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SENI BUDAYA DI KELAS VII-5 SMP NEGERI 1 PATUMBAK
Authors: Sinaga Demi Rosmaulina
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa dalarnpembelajaran Seni Budaya di kelas VII-5 SMP Negeri 1 PatumbakT.P. 2015/2016. Manfaat penelitian: (l).Bagi siswa diharapkan dapatmeningkatkan prestasi belajar. (2). Bagi guru, diharapkan dapatmeningkatkan kualitas pengajaran. (3). Bagi sekolah, diharapkandapat meningkatkan ha1 i tas pendidikan Prosedur penelitian terdridari dua siklus diawali dengan tahapan 4 perencanaan, pelaksanaan,observasi dan retleksi. Berdasarkan temuan hasil penelitian dapatditarikkesimpulan sebagai berikut: (l).Telah terjah peningkatanprestasi belajar siswa dengan penerapan Metode Role Playing dalarnpembelajaran Seni Budaya di Kelas VII-5 SMP Negeri 1 PatumbakT.P. 2015/2016, hal ini dibuktikan dengan peningkatan Nilai dan66,67 pada Siklus I menjadi Nilai 76,42 pada siklus 11. (2).Telahterjadi peningkatan aktivitas 'belajar siswa dengan penerapan MetodeRole Playing dalam pembelajaran Seni Budaya di Kelas VII-5 SMPNegeri 1 Patumbak T.P. 2015/2016, ha1 ini dibuktikan dengan ratarataaktivitas belajar siswa dalam Aspek Kejasarna meningkat dari16,9 pada siklus I menjadi 18,9 pada siklus II; dalam AspekKesungguhan meningkat dari 16,02 pada siklus I menjadi 19,07 padasiklus II; dalam Aspek Keberanian meningkat dari 17,42 pada siklusI menjadi 18,57 pada siklus II; dalam Aspek Perhatian meningkatdan 16,30 pada siklus I menjadi 19,82 pada siklus II. Untukmemperoleh hasil belajar Seni Budaya yang lebih optimal denganmenggunakan Metode Role Playing, penulis menyarankan kepadaguru-guru untuk menerapkan Metode Role Playing dalam pelajaranSeni Budaya dan kepada Pemerintah Kabupaten Deli Serdang DinasPendidikan agar mengalokasikan dana untuk penelitian tindakankelas bagi guru-guru.
A Predictive Model for Kidney Transplant Graft Survival using Machine Learning
Authors: S. Pahl Eric , Street W. Nick , J. Johnson Hans , I. Reed Alan
Published: December 2020

Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal failure patients. The predominant method used for kidney quality assessment is the Cox regression-based, kidney donor risk index. A machine learning method may provide improved prediction of transplant outcomes and help decision-making. A popular tree-based machine learning method, random forest, was trained and evaluated with the same data originally used to develop the risk index (70,242 observations from 1995-2005). The random forest successfully predicted an additional 2,148 transplants than the risk index with equal type II error rates of 10%. Predicted results were analyzed with follow-up survival outcomes up to 240 months after transplant using Kaplan-Meier analysis and confirmed that the random forest performed significantly better than the risk index (p<0.05). The random forest predicted significantly more successful and longer-surviving transplants than the risk index. Random forests and other machine learning models may improve transplant decisions.
The warming Tibetan Plateau improves winter air quality in the Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Zhao Shuyu , Feng Tian , Tie Xuexi , Wang Zebin
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Impacts of global climate change on the occurrence and development of air
pollution have attracted more attention. This study investigates impacts of
the warming Tibetan Plateau on air quality in the Sichuan Basin.
Meteorological observations and ERA-Interim reanalysis data reveal that the
plateau has been rapidly warming during the last 40 years (1979–2017),
particularly in winter when the warming rate is approximately twice as much as
the annual warming rate. Since 2013, the winter temperature over the plateau
has even risen by 2 ∘C. Here we use the WRF-Chem model to lay
emphasis on the impact of the 2 ∘C warming on air quality in
the basin. The model results show that the 2 ∘C warming causes
an enhanced easterly wind, an increase in the planetary boundary layer height
(PBLH) and a decrease in the relative humidity (RH) in the basin. Enhanced
easterly wind increases PM2.5 transport from the basin to the
plateau. The elevated PBLH strengthens vertical diffusion of PM2.5,
while the decreased RH significantly reduces secondary aerosol
formation. Overall, PM2.5 concentration is reduced by 17.5 %
(∼25.1 µg m−3), of which the reduction in primary and
secondary aerosols is 5.4 and 19.7 µg m−3, respectively. These
results reveal that the recent warming plateau has improved air quality in the
basin, to a certain extent mitigating the air pollution therein.
Nevertheless, the climate system is particularly complicated, and more studies are
needed to demonstrate the impact of climate change on air quality in the
downstream regions as the plateau is likely to continue warming.
Highlights
The Tibetan Plateau is rapidly warming, and the temperature has risen by 2 ∘C from 2013 to 2017. A warming plateau leads to an enhanced easterly wind, an increased PBLH and
a decreased RH in the Sichuan Basin. The 2 ∘C warming significantly reduces PM2.5 concentration
in the basin by 25.1 µg m−3, of which secondary aerosol is 19.7 µg m−3.
Measurement report: Seasonality, distribution and sources of organophosphate esters in PM2.5 from an inland urban city in Southwest China
Authors: Yin Hongling , Liang Jinfeng , Wu Di , Li Shiping , Luo Yi , Deng Xu
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are contaminants of emerging
concern, and studies have concluded that urban areas are a significant
source of OPEs. Samples were collected from six ground-based sites located
in Chengdu, a typical rapidly developing metropolitan area in Southwest
China, and were analyzed for seven OPEs in atmospheric PM2.5 (Σ7 OPEs). The concentrations of Σ7 OPEs in PM2.5
ranged from 5.83 to 6.91 ng m−3, with a mean of 6.6 ± 3.3 ng m−3, and the primary pollutants were tris-(2-butoxyethyl)
phosphate (TBEP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris-(2-chloroethyl)
phosphate (TCEP) and tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), which
together made up more than 80 % of the Σ7 OPEs. The
concentrations of Σ7 OPEs were higher in autumn and winter than
in summer. Nonparametric tests showed that there was no significant
difference in Σ7 OPE concentrations among the six sampling
sites, but the occurrence of unexpectedly high levels of individual OPEs at
different sites in autumn might indicate noteworthy emissions. A very strong
correlation (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.01) between the OPEs in soil and
in PM2.5 was observed. Backward trajectory analysis indicated that the
OPEs in PM2.5 were mainly affected by local sources. Principal
component analysis (PCA) revealed that the OPEs in PM2.5 were largely
sourced from the plastics industry, interior decoration and traffic emission
(34.5 %) and the chemical, mechanical and electrical industries
(27.8 %), while the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model revealed
that the main sources were the plastics industry and indoor source emissions,
the food and cosmetics industry and industrial emissions. In contrast to
coastal cities, sustained and stable high local emissions in the studied
inland city were identified, which is particularly noteworthy. Chlorinated
phosphates, especially TCPP and TCEP, had a high content, and their usage
and source emissions should be controlled.
Simultaneous detection of atmospheric HONO and NO2 utilising an IBBCEAS system based on an iterative algorithm
Authors: Tang Ke , Qin Min , Fang Wu , Duan Jun , Meng Fanhao , Ye Kaidi , Zhang Helu , Xie Pinhua , He Yabai , Xu Wenbin , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We present an improved incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced
absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) system based on an iterative retrieval
algorithm for the simultaneous detection of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) and
nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The conventional IBBCEAS retrieval algorithm
depends on the absolute change in the light intensity, which requires high light source stability and the stable transmission of the light intensity of all
optical components. The new algorithm has an iterative module to obtain the
effective absorption optical path length, and the concentrations of
HONO and NO2 are then determined by differential optical absorption
spectroscopy (DOAS) retrieval; thus, the method is insensitive to the fluctuation in the
absolute light intensity. The robustness of the system is verified by
simulating the influence of the relative change in the light intensity on the
spectral retrieval results. The effect of nitrogen purging in front of the
cavity mirrors on shortening the actual cavity length was measured and
corrected using NO2 gas samples. Allan deviation analysis was
conducted to determine the system stability, and it indicated that the detection limits
(2σ) of HONO and NO2 are 0.08 and 0.14 ppbv at an
integration time of 60 s respectively. Furthermore, Kalman filtering was
used to improve the measurement precision of the system. The measurement
precision at an integration time of 3 s can be improved
4.5-fold by applying Kalman filtering, which is equivalent to the
measurement precision at an integration time of 60 s without applying Kalman
filtering. The atmospheric HONO and NO2 concentrations were observed by the IBBCEAS
system based on an iterative algorithm and were compared with values measured by
conventional IBBCEAS.
A Dark Target research aerosol algorithm for MODIS observations
over eastern China: Increasing coverage while maintaining accuracy
at high aerosol loading
Authors: Shi Yingxi R. , Levy Robert C. , Yang Leiku , Remer Lorraine A. , Mattoo Shana , Dubovik Oleg
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Satellite aerosol products such as the Dark Target (DT) produced from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), are useful for monitoring the progress of air pollution. Unfortunately, the DT often fails to retrieve during the heaviest aerosol events as well as the more moderate events in winter. Some literatures attribute this lack of retrieval to cloud mask. However, we found this lack of retrieval is mainly traced to thresholds used for masking of inland water and snow. Modifications to these two masks greatly increase the coverage of retrievals overall (50 %) and double the retrievals of aerosol optical depth at 0.55 µm (AOD) greater than 1.0. The extra high AOD retrievals tend to be biased when compared with ground-based sunphotometer (AERONET). Reducing bias in new retrievals requires two additional steps. One is an update to the assumed aerosol optical properties (aerosol model) – the haze in this region is both less absorbing and lower in altitude than what is assumed in the global algorithm. The second is accounting for the scale height of the aerosol, specifically that the heavy aerosol events in the region are much closer to the surface than what is assumed by the global DT algorithm. The resulting combination of modified masking thresholds, new aerosol model, and lower aerosol layer scale height was applied to three months of MODIS observations (Jan–March 2013) over eastern China. When compared with AERONET, 70 % of the research algorithm retrievals fall within ±(0.08 + 0.17 × AOD). We also find that the research algorithm is able to identify additional pollution events that a triad of AERONET instruments surrounding Beijing could not. Mean AOD retrieved from the research algorithm increases from 0.11 to 0.18 compared to values calculated from the operational DT algorithm during January to March of 2013 over the study area. But near Beijing where the severe pollution occurs, the new algorithm increases AOD by as much as 3.0 for each 0.5° grid box, over the previous operational algorithm values.
Identification of snowfall microphysical processes from vertical
gradients of polarimetric radar variables
Authors: Planat Noémie , Gehring Josué , Vignon Étienne , Berne Alexis
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Polarimetric radar systems are commonly used to study the microphysics of precipitation. While they offer continuous measurements with a large spatial coverage, retrieving information about the microphysical processes that govern the evolution of snowfall from the polarimetric signal is challenging. The present study develops a new method, called Process Identification based on Vertical gradient Signs (PIVS), to spatially identify the occurrence of the main microphysical processes (aggregation and riming, crystal growth by vapor deposition, and sublimation) in snowfall from dual-polarization Doppler radar scans. We first derive an analytical framework to assess in which meteorological conditions the local vertical gradients of radar variables reliably inform about microphysical processes. In such conditions, we then identify regions dominated by (i) vapor deposition, (ii) aggregation and riming and (iii) snowflake sublimation and possibly snowflake breakup based on the sign of the local vertical gradients of the reflectivity ZH and the differential reflectivity ZDR. The method is then applied to data from two frontal snowfall events: one in coastal Adélie Land, Antarctica and one in the Taebaeck mountains in South Korea. The validity of the method is assessed by comparing its outcome with snowflake observations using a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera and with the output of a hydrometeor classification based on polarimetric radar signal. The application of the method further makes it possible to better characterize and understand how snowfall forms, grows and decays in two different geographical and meteorological contexts. For the Antarctic case study, we show that crystal growth by vapor deposition dominates above 2500 m a.g.l., aggregation and riming prevail between 1500 and 2500 m a.g.l. and snowflake sublimation by low-level katabatic winds occurs below 1500 m a.g.l.. For the event in South Korea, aggregation and riming dominate between 4000 and 4800 m a.g.l., with local sublimation below and vapor deposition above. We infer some microphysical characteristics in terms of radar variables from statistical analysis of the method output (e.g. ZH and ZDR distribution for each process). We finally highlight the potential for extensive application to cold precipitation events in different meteorological contexts.
Variations in mineralogy of dust in an ice core obtained from
northwestern Greenland over the past 100 years
Authors: Nagatsuka Naoko , Goto-Azuma Kumiko , Tsushima Akane , Fujita Koji , Matoba Sumito , Onuma Yukihiko , Kadota Moe , Minowa Masahiro , Komuro Yuki , Motoyama Hideaki , Aoki Teruo
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Our study is the first to demonstrate a high-temporal-resolution record of mineral composition in a Greenland ice core over the past 100 years. To reconstruct the past variations in the sources and transportation processes of mineral dust in northwestern Greenland, we analyzed the morphology and mineralogical composition of dust in an ice core from 1915 to 2013 using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Analysis of the SEM-EDS reveals that the ice core dust mainly consisted of silicate minerals and the composition varied substantially on multi-decadal and inter-decadal scales, suggesting that the geological origin of the ice core minerals changed periodically during the past 100 years. The multi-decadal variation trend differed among mineral types: kaolinite generally formed in low- or middle-latitude areas were abundant in the colder periods (1950 to 2000), whereas mica, chlorite, feldspars, mafic minerals, and quartzes formed in arid, high-latitude, and local areas were abundant in the warmer periods (1915 to 1949 and 2005 to 2013). This indicates that the multi-decadal variation of the relative abundance of the minerals can be attributed to the local temperature changes in Greenland. The trajectory analysis shows that the minerals were mainly transported from the western coast of Greenland in the two warming periods, which was likely due to an increase of dust sourced from local ice-free areas. On the other hand, the abundant kaolinite was likely derived from old sediments at higher latitudes in North America, rather than from low and middle latitudes.
A multi-sensor satellite-based archive of the largest SO2 volcanic eruptions since 2006
Authors: Tournigand Pierre-Yves , Cigala Valeria , Lasota Elzbieta , Hammouti Mohammed , Clarisse Lieven , Brenot Hugues , Prata Fred , Kirchengast Gottfried , Steiner Andrea K. , Biondi Riccardo
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We present a multi-sensor archive collecting spatial and temporal
information about volcanic SO2 clouds generated by the 11 largest
eruptions of this century. The detection and monitoring of volcanic clouds
are an important topic for aviation management, climate issues and weather
forecasts. Several studies focusing on single eruptive events exist, but no
archive available at the moment combines quantitative data from as many
instruments. We archived and collocated the SO2 vertical column density
estimations from three different satellite instruments (AIRS, IASI and
GOME-2), atmospheric parameters as vertical profiles from the Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Radio Occultations (RO), and the cloud-top height and aerosol type from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal
Polarization (CALIOP). Additionally, we provide information about the cloud-top height from three different algorithms and the atmospheric anomaly due
to the presence of the cloud. The dataset is gathering 206 d of SO2
data, collocated with 44 180 backscatter profiles and 64 764 radio occultation
profiles. The modular structure of the archive allows an easy collocation of
the datasets according to the users' needs, and the cross-comparison of the
datasets shows different consistency of the parameters estimated with
different sensors and algorithms, according to the sensitivity and
resolution of the instruments. The data described here are published with a
DOI at https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.016 (Tournigand et
al., 2020a).
More dynamic than expected: an updated survey of surging glaciers in the Pamir
Authors: Goerlich Franz , Bolch Tobias , Paul Frank
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The investigation of surging glaciers using remote sensing has recently seen a strong increase as freely available satellite data and digital elevation models (DEMs) can provide detailed information about surges that often take place in remote and inaccessible regions. Apart from analysing individual surges, satellite information is increasingly used to collect valuable data on surging glaciers. Related inventories have recently been published for several regions in High Mountain Asia including the Karakoram or parts of the Pamir and western Kunlun Shan, but information for the entire Pamir is solely available from a historic database listing about 80 glaciers with confirmed surges. Here we present an updated inventory of confirmed glacier surges for the Pamir that considers results from earlier studies and is largely based on a systematic analysis of Landsat image time series (1988 to 2018), very high-resolution imagery (Corona, Hexagon, Bing Maps, Google Earth) and DEM differences. Actively surging glaciers (e.g. with advancing termini) were identified from animations and flicker images and the typical elevation change patterns (lowering in an upper reservoir zone and thickening further down in a receiving zone). In total, we identified 206 spatially distinct surges within 186 glacier bodies mostly clustered in the northern and western part of the Pamir. Where possible, minimum and maximum glacier extents were digitised, but often interacting tributaries made a clear separation challenging. Most surging glaciers (n=70) are found in the larger size classes (>10 km2), but two of them are very small (<0.5 km2). We also found several surges where the length of the glacier increased by more than 100 %. The created datasets are available at: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914150 (Goerlich et al., 2020).