bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW DATA ON ASTIGMATIC MITES IN HONEY BEE HIVES IN WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Stolbova
Published: May 2022

We studied the species composition, abundance and occurrence of astigmatic mites
in honey bee hives in three regions of Western Siberia. The acarofauna of hives was
studied on 15 apiaries in the following 3 regions of Western Siberia in 2020–2021:
the administrative south of the Tyumen Region, the eastern part of the Sverdlovsk
Region and the Altai Territory. To study the qualitative and quantitative composition
of mites, we examined samples of dead bees, wax-bee-bread crumbs, honeycombs
and live bees. A total of 102 samples were collected and studied. In total, 2143
mites were identified as a result of the study. Astigmata prevailed in number and
accounted for 57.53% of all mites found in the hives. The incidence was 31.37%.
A total of 8 Astigmata species were identified. Two species of Astigmata Tyrolichus
casei Oudemans, 1910 and Aeroglyphus robustus (Banks, 1906) were found for the
first time in bee hives in Western Siberia. Glycyphagus domesticus turned out to
be the eudominant in its number (41.4%) and surpassed the main parasitic mite
of the honey bee, Varroa destructor (38.2%). The dominant species in terms of its
occurrence is Tyrolichus casei in our study. Among other species, Carpoglyphus lactis
was recorded, which can pose a threat to weak honey bee colonies. The potential
negative and positive role of astigmatic mites in honey bee hives is under discussion.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF HEPATIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS AT A HIGH-VOLUME SURGICAL CENTER
Authors: Shabunin  , Karpov  , Bedin  , Tavobilov
Published: May 2022

The development of modern minimally invasive technologies makes it possible
to use them for treating patients with the liver damaged by echinococcosis. The
study included 303 patients with hepatic echinococcosis who were treated at the
Botkin Hospital Surgical Clinic from 2007 to 2021. Conservative therapy was used
as the main treatment method in 23 patients, but 11 of them were subsequently
operated on. Open echinococcectomy was performed in 22 patients. Pericystectomy
was performed in 134 patients by a laparotomy technique, 23 patients underwent
laparoscopic pericystectomy or liver resection, 17 patients underwent robot assisted
pericystectomy, and 82 patients underwent right hemihepatectomy. Thirteen
patients underwent physical effect methods on echinococcus cysts. The evaluation
criteria of surgical treatment results were patient age, gender, surgical and anesthetic
risks according to the ASA grading and localization of parasitic cysts. We considered
the immediate results of surgical interventions such as surgery duration, blood
loss, hospitalization period, postoperative complications according to the ClavienDindo classification, and specific complications according to the ISGLS. When
comparing the immediate surgical treatment results, minimally invasive surgeries
were accompanied by less blood loss, number of postoperative complications, and
in-patient day. Laparotomy interventions were associated with complex localization
of cysts, as well as previous non-radical surgical interventions. Modern minimally
invasive technologies can improve immediate treatment results for patients with
hepatic echinococcosis.
EPIZOOTOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT HELMINTH INFECTIONS IN GOATS IN THE PLAIN BELT OF DAGESTAN
Authors: Ataev  , Zubairova  , Karsakov  , Akhmedov  , Mutuev
Published: May 2022

The paper presents the results of the studies on the main helminth infections of
goats performed in the plain belt of Dagestan. Materials on this issue are published
for the first time. In 2000–2020, 120 goats of different ages were examined during
their lifetime and post mortem according to seasons of the year. The study was
performed by methods of complete helminthological dissection per K. I. Skrjabin
and a flotation method with a saturated ammonium nitrate solution according to G. A. Kotelnikov, V. M. Khrenov and Berman-Orlov. Goats in the plain belt were
infected with 33 helminth species with the prevalence of infection (IP) of 1.0–
60.0% and the infection intensity (II) of 1–2360 specimens. Epizootologically
significant were fascioliasis, dicroceliasis, monieziasis, echinococcosis, chabertiosis,
bunostomiasis, trichostrongylosis, haemonchosis, nematodirosis, dictyocaulosis and
protostrongylidosis. The goats were infected by causative agents of these helminths
with the IP of 15.6–60.0% and the II of 25–2360 specimens. Goats catch the
above helminth infections annually showing mixed infections where the number of
pathogens varies from 5 to 14 species. Goats in lowland Dagestan were infected with
33 helminth species. Epizootologically significant were fascioliasis, dicroceliasis,
monieziasis, echinococcosis, chabertiosis, bunostomiasis, trichostrongylosis,
haemonchosis, nematodirosis and dictyocaulosis. Helminthiasis was recorded in
mixed infections where the number of pathogens varies from 5 to 14 species.
HELMINTHS OF WILD MAMMALS IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Berdibaev  , Shakarboev  , Turgunоv  , Abdukodirova  , Sodikova
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to study the helminth fauna in wild mammals from
Uzbekistan and to monitor the epizootic situation on individual helminth infections. In 2017–2022, helminthological material was collected from wild mammals
in various regions of Karakalpakstan and in the Kashkadarya and Andijan Regions
of the Republic of Uzbekistan. A total of 423 specimens of wild mammals were
studied, of which 123 specimens by the method of helminthological dissections per
K. I. Skrjabin and 300 specimens by coprological methods.
As a result of the research, 105 helminth species belonging to 65 genera, 35 families,
15 orders and 4 classes were recorded in wild mammals in Uzbekistan. When 423
animals were examined, 108 animals (25.5%) were found to be infected with parasitic worms, particularly, 8 animals had trematodes (7,6%), 25 animals had cestodes
(23,9%), 4 animals had Acanthocephalans (3,8%) and 68 animals had nematodes
(64,7%). The total helminth infection rate in wild mammals was 25.5%. The record
of helminth wide occurrence among wild mammals in Uzbekistan, as well as their
role in epidemiology and epizootology are considered necessary in the development
of anthelminthic measures.
Urgensi Bahasa Arab dalam Memahami Al-Quran
Authors: Yostiroh Shyfa , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the urgency of Arabic language in understanding the Qur'an.  The purpose of this paper is to explain that Arabic is very important in understanding the Qur'an.  Arabic is the language of the Qur'an.  So it is clear that Arabic has an important role for the Qur'an, especially in studying the Qur'an.  The secret of the Qur'an will not be revealed or even its interpretation can be understood by someone, unless he can master Arabic by studying prose and poetry.  This is because the Qur'an has the height of uslub (language style) and richness of meaning. Not only that, apartfrom discussing the importance of language for the Qur’an, this article will also discuss in detail about the language itself such as its meaning, function, benefits, and so on.
Ekonomi yang berdasarkan Syariah dan konvensional
Authors: Ristianti Dinni , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: May 2022

Tujuan menulis artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui Ekonomi yang berdasarkan pada Syari’ah dan Konvensional karna ilmu ekonomi ialah ilmu yang mempelajari bagaimana cara manusia mengetahui sumber daya manusia yang terbatas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia agar tidak terbatas dan bisa mengatur keuangan nya sendiri. Ekonomi konvensional adalah suatu teori ekonomi yang berkaitan dengan “kebebasan” bergerak menuju pasar bebas dan sistem ekonomi perdagangan secara bebas dalam era globalisasi yang terjadi pada saat ini, sedangkan ekonomi syari’ah ialah ilmu pengetahuan yang berupa untuk memandang,meninjau,meneliti dan menyelesaikan permasalahan permasalahan secara islami.Ilmu Ekonomi konvensional memiliki banyak kelemahan – kelemahan tetapi di balik itu semua ilmu konvensional memiliki banyak kelebihan – kelebihan. Kelemahannya terletak pada paradigma sekulernya yang memisahkan antara mikro dan makro serta dalam fungsi deskritif dan produktifnya.Adapun salah satu kelebihannya adalah kepada sophistificated nya serta pencapaian teori – teori ekonomi konvensional dengan model matematik dan kalkulus.Ilmu ekonomi telah melahirkan banyak sekali peluang dan tantangan,terutamanya dalam mengmbangkan ekonomi islam.Oleh karena itu,perkembangan ekonomi islam perlu banyak belajar dari kesuksesan dan kegagalan ilmu ekonomi konvensional dan juga menemukan pendapat baru yang kreatif dan inovatif.Ekonomi islam memiliki pengarauh sedemikian luas dan sederhana terhadap perspektif parae konom dunia bahwa pada aplikasinya umat islam konsep dan struktur tersendiri dalam menerapkan kehidupan sehari – hari dimulai dari pengaturan yang sederhana seperti ekonomi rumah tangga bahkan prekonomian secara global. Konsep tersebut sudah tertera pada kitab suci Al Qur'an.
Combined multi-session transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and language skills training improves individual gamma band activity and literacy skills in developmental dyslexia
Authors: Rufener Katharina , Zaehle Tino , Krauel Kerstin
Published: May 2022

Developmental dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the pathologically diminished ability to successfully acquire reading and writing skills. Altered cortical activation in the auditory cortex, resulting in inaccurate perception of acoustic information, is thought to provide the neurophysiological basis for impaired phonological processing, which in turn is the bottleneck for successful acquisition of reading and writing skills. Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation has been shown to be an effective method for restoring dysfunctional cortical activation patterns in the disabled brain. In particular, repeated application of electrical stimulation appears to improve neural processes and associated behavior. Here, we aimed to restore dysfunctional activation in the auditory cortex using multi-session gamma-tACS and thereby to enhance the positive effects of a literacy skills training in children and adolescents with developmental dyslexia. Using a double-blind and sham-controlled study design, we investigated the effect of multi-session transcranial electrical stimulation delivered concurrently with an auditory training and in combination with a behavioral training of literacy skills in 29 children and adolescents (13 male, 6 female, aged 8-17 years) with developmental dyslexia. Over a 5-week period, participants received 10 training sessions while 40 Hz-tACS (gamma-tACS) at 1mA intensity was administered for 20 minutes over the bilateral auditory cortex.We found that only participants treated with gamma-tACS showed a shift in the peak frequency of auditory gamma oscillations reflecting a more fine-grained perception of time-critical acoustic information. This amelioration was accompanied by improved phonemic processing skills in the gamma-tACS group. Moreover, 4 months after the intervention, only individuals who received gamma-tACS showed significant improvement in their writing skills. Our results demonstrate that multi-session gamma-tACS can enhance the effects of a behavioral intervention and induce long-term improvement of literacy skills in developmental dyslexia by successfully modulating the gamma peak frequency in the auditory cortex.
Teaching the Transitivity of English Verbs in the Lexical Approach
Authors: LI DIANCHENG
Published: May 2022

Teaching English as a Second Language involves various methodologies. The present research will explore means of teaching English verbs in the lexical approach which suggests that the use of verbs be deemed to register as part of the mental lexicon. Since verbs may be used in active or passive voice, the study of transitivity will engage in the analysis of voice. Moreover, the classification of verbs also relate to the characteristics of their corresponding transitivity and voice. It is worth mentioning that some verbs such as "buy" may restrict the scope of their passive construction compared with verbs like "give" and "send." Therefore, the lexical method may successfully integrate vocabulary with the relevant syntactic structures so as to make teaching and learning more concise and efficient. Besides, a circular method in which teaching, testing, and correcting processes are involved will be proposed to improve the language teaching and acquisition.
A rare case report of Congenital Glossocervical Fistula
Authors:   Department of E.N.T, M.R Medical College, Gulbarga 585105, India, Tegnoor M.S. , Deshmukh Kiran ,   Department of E.N.T, M.R Medical College, Gulbarga 585105, India, Khuba Renuka ,   Department of E.N.T, M.R Medical College, Gulbarga 585105, India, Memon Jishan ,   Department of E.N.T, M.R Medical College, Gulbarga 585105, India, Kazi Farha Naaz ,   Department of E.N.T, M.R Medical College, Gulbarga 585105, India
Published: May 2022

The vast majority of all branchial disorders are thought to be associated with the second branchial cleft apparatus. Lateral cervical fistula results due to incomplete obliteration of second branchial cleft and pouch. Classically these fistulae have a well-defined pathway through the neck. Most common opening in the oropharynx is the tonsillar fossa. An incomplete branchial fistula is a common anomaly but complete branchial fistula is rare. Here we report a case of a left glossocervical fistula with external opening over anterior border of sternomastoid muscle passing deep to platysma with internal opening at lateral part of base tongue at the level of circumvallate papillae which is very rare.
Basic fibroblast growth factor improves cellular immunological functions in mice
Authors:   Lecturer, Faculty of Food Science & Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China, Luo Ping , Liu Huazhong ,   Professor, Biochemistry Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Published: May 2022

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) is a multifunctional growth factor that has been proved to have important roles in various tissues. Background researches revealed that biological functions of B and T lymphocytes producing bFGF and its receptors were regulated by the cytokine, which implied that bFGF may participate in immune defense. In order to investigate the effects of bFGF on immune functions, the present paper employed mice administrated with bFGF to detect phagocytosis of macrophages, activity of natural killer cell and number of antibody-producing cells in vivo as well as proliferation of spleen cells in vitro. Results showed that the four detected parameters were all significantly upregulated in bFGFtreated mice, which suggested an active role of bFGF occurring in cellular immunity of mice. Moreover, the increment of plaques formed by antibody-producing cells implied that bFGF also has a positive effect upon humoral immunity.
Anti-diabetic potential of flavonoids and other crude extracts of stem bark of Mangifera indica Linn: A comparative study
Authors:   Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Secondary metabolites, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India., Jain Chitra , Singh Archana ,   Department of Botany, Govt. M.S.J.P.G. College, Bharatpur 321001, Rajasthan, India, Kumar Padma ,   Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Secondary metabolites, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India., Gautam Keerti ,   Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Secondary metabolites, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India.
Published: May 2022

One important therapeutic approach for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is by decreasing the postprandial increase of glucose. This is possible by inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes like alpha-amylase. In the present study, the percentage inhibitory effects of flavonoids and crude extracts isolated from stem bark of Mangifera indica Linn. collected from Jaipur and Bharatpur districts of Rajasthan were studied with salivary alpha amylase and starch as substrate using chromogenic DNSA method & starch iodine method. All experiments were performed in 3 different sets each in triplicates. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean). The results clearly indicated that highest inhibition (57.08% and 58.24%) was obtained at the concentration of 1.5 mg/ml of flavonoids extracted from plants in both Jaipur and Bharatpur districts respectively, with an IC50 value of 0.009 mg/ml and 0.021 mg/ml respectively. All crude extracts have shown less than 50% inhibition of alpha amylase activity. Thus the results are clearly indicating that the flavonoids might be more effective than other crude extracts in lowering postprandial hyperglycemia.
Effect of glycosides extract of the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. from the region of Mlilli (southeast of Algeria) on the growth of some human pathogenic bacteria
Authors:   Department of Natural Sciences of Life, University Mohamed khaider, Biskra, Algeria, Soulef Kriker , Abdelouahab Yahia ,   Centre universitaire Mila– Algeria, Dalal Boukhari ,   Department of Natural Sciences of Life, University Mohamed khaider, Biskra, Algeria
Published: May 2022

Licorice is a perennial plant of the family Fabaceae, species Glycyrrhiza, and genre "Glycyrrhiza glabra L. "Takes from the region of Mlilli (southeast of Algeria,). The objective of this work is to study the effect of the glycoside extracted from the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. on three bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Preliminary phytochemical study of the crude glycoside extract is based on the antibacterial test. This extract was tested in vitro by the method of agar diffusion (GN) and the diffusion in liquid medium (MH) on three bacterial species. The results show that our extract has an inhibitory effect on the Gram positive strain (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC23) and the Gram negative strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC53), but no effect on Escherichia coli ATCC22 strain. From the results obtained, we suggest the use of licorice in daily live to treat from certain infectious diseases.
Clinico- Allergological pattern of allergic contact dermatitis among Indian children
Authors:   Deptartment of Skin and VD, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, 585401, India, Shetkar Shivkumar
Published: May 2022

Background: Rapid urbanization, westernization of lifestyles, poor quality of objects available and extremely relaxed vigilance on adherence to ‘product safety guidelines’ make any developing country like India highly susceptible to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) even in children. There has been no previous attempt to assess the magnitude of childhood ACD in India. Aim: To assess the clinico-allergological profile of ACD in Indian children. Methods: All consecutive children up to 15 completed years of age who were patch tested over the last 3 years were analyzed from the records. Results: A total of 70 children was studied (average age of disease onset 8.39 + 3.59 years [SD], range 1 – 15 years and average age of presentation 10.8 + 2.99 years [SD], range 5 – 15 years). Relevant allergy was noted in 48.6 % of the patients. Age and sex had no significant role on the prevalence of ACD. Common allergens were paraben (43%), Potassium dichromate (27%) and fragrance mix (26%). Most relevant allergens were potassium dichromate, paraben and fragrance. Foot was the most commonly involved site (25.7% of patients). Atopy was present in 18 patients (25.7%). A total of 22 irritant reactions were noted in 13 patients. Conclusion: The study highlighted that acute contact dermatitis in children was a highly prevalent disease in this region. It also reflected the necessity for a more frequent use of patch testing for the diagnosis of acute contact dermatitis.
A comparative study of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibacterial agents - Cephalosporin, Cloxacillin and Sulbactum on gram-ve and gram+ve bacterial organisms Salmonella typhi and Staphylococci
Authors:   Department of Botany, University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500004, Andhra Pradesh, India, Chaitanya P.Jyothi , Chandrashekar R. ,   Department of Botany, University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500004, Andhra Pradesh, India, Bhavani N.Lakshmi ,   Department of Botany, University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500004, Andhra Pradesh, India, Kudle Karunakar Rao ,   Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: May 2022

Antibiotics act on several and disrupt their cell wall and their components. They also inhibit their protein synthesis and finally kill the bacteria. Most of the β lactums are the antibacterial agents. A minimum inhibitory concentration is the method which is used to estimate the drug sensitivity against the bacteria or microorganisms. The lowest concentrations of the antibiotics that will inhibit the visible growth of the microorganism are the MIC value of that substance. In the present investigation pharmaceutical products like the cephalosporin, cloxillin, sulbactum, and amoxicillin are tested for their antibacterial activity against the bacteria like gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhi and gram positive bacteria Staphylococci species. In these present investigations orderly cloxicillin showed highest inhibitory zone on Salmonella typhi and Staphylococci than the cephalosporin followed by sulbactum.
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Annona squamosa Linn bark
Authors:   Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Meerut 250005, Uttar Pradesh, India, Singh Tej Pratap , Singh Rakesh Kumar ,   Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Meerut 250005, Uttar Pradesh, India, Malik Paras ,   Venkateshwara School of Pharmacy. Meerut , Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: May 2022

Caryophyllene oxide was isolated from a methanolic extract of the bark of Annona squamosa and studied for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Caryophyllene oxide at the doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body wt. and methanol extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg body wt. showed significant central as we as peripheral analgesic along with anti-inflammatory activity. These activities of caryophyllene oxide were comparable with the standard drug Pentazocin (50 mg/kg body wt.) for Anti-inflammatory activities and Aspirin (100 mg/kg body wt.) for Analgesic activity used in the respective experiments.
A new HPLC method for the assay of Levofloxacin and its application in drug-metal interaction studies
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan, Naveed Safila , Sultana Najma ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan, Arayne M. Saeed ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan, Dilshad Huma ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

A simple reversed phase HPLC method has been successfully developed and validated for the quantitative determination of levofloxacin (LVX) in bulk material, pharmaceutical formulation and serum. Purospher STAR C18 (25 cm x 4.6 mm, 5 µ m) was used. The mobile phase MeOH: H2O (70:30, v/v) was delivered at a flow rate of 1 Ml min-1 . The proposed method is specific, accurate with a recovery of 100  0.02. The detection limits were 2 ng with an RSD  0.1 (n=6).The anticipated method is applicable to routine analysis of LVX in pharmaceutical formulations and human serum samples. The method was applied to study the In vitro availability of levofloxacin in presence of various elements essential to the human body, like magnesium, calcium, chromium, copper Zinc and iron. The availability of Levofloxacin in presence of these elements was depressed up to 21% in simulated gastric juice, while up to 5% in pH 7.4 and 27% in simulated intestinal juice.
Epidemiological survey of Nicotine induced oral cancers
Authors:   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, Ittiyavirah Sibi P , Aiswarya G ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, Ajith P ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, R P Anna ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, Ansu J ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, P V Bijesh ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, Danish J ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, E V Danuja ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, Lekshmi R ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, Lini K ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, Manoj B S ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, Bijesh V ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India, Pramod C ,   University College of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686631, India
Published: May 2022

In this study, epidemiological survey on nicotine induced oral cancer on its various prospective is carried out. Comparative studies of various risk factors that develop oral cancer in patients like age, sex, location etc. are studied. In the present study, three different factors were used to study the therapeutic effect of by measuring the outcomes like ADR, DI, Clinical efficacy produced by the drugs. Study found that ADR and symptomatic changes were less in case of combination chemotherapy compared to mono chemotherapy.
Prevalence of H1N1 in and around Hyderabad during pandemic and post pandemic period
Authors:   Assistant professor, Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500020, India, Latha Kavitha , Sree Vani ,   Assistant professor, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500095, India, Azeem M.A. ,   Institute of Preventive Medicine, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500027, India, Miya Thirupathy, Gouse ,   Institute of Preventive Medicine, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500027, India, Murthy Naresh, Sucharitha ,   Institute of Preventive Medicine, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500027, India
Published: May 2022

Background & Objectives: Pandemic H1N1 spread 74 countries and prompted World Health Organization to raise alarm label it as phase 6. The present study was conducted on throat and nasal swab samples received and tested at IPM Hyderabad, India during 2009-2011 to collect information on positive cases. Materials and Methods: Throat and nasopharyngeal swabs from influenza A H1N1 patients who were clinically diagnosed during august 2009-September 2011 along with their clinico-epidemiological details were collected from identified hospitals from Andhra Pradesh and other neighbouring States. Samples were tested by Real time reverse transcriptase PCR. Results: A total of 6805 samples, both throat and nasal swab samples from each patient were tested for H1N1 influenza virus, of which, 1329 (19.5%) were positive for pandemic influenza A H1N1, comprising 41.1% males and 44.13% females. 11.52% were below 5yrs age. Interpretation & Conclusions: The study showed a peak of cases of pandemic influenza A H1N1 in august 2009 and indicated predominance of H1N1 positive cases (19.5%) in clinically suspected group. So prompt steps should be taken in case of pandemics to contain the spread of disease and lower the load of mortality and morbidity due to pandemics.
Knowledge of children regarding oral hygiene: A school based descriptive study
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Nursing, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India, Nayana Mrs. , J Mrs. Umarani. ,   Department of Paediatric Nursing, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Oral health is an integral component of general health. Therefore, the mouth has to be kept clean and healthy. School age is a period of overall development. During this period the child learns to become productive members of the peer group. If proper oral hygiene habits are cultivated during this period, habits will go a long way in maintaining the oral health of a child throughout the life. The present study conducted to assess the knowledge regarding oral hygiene among the school children in selected schools in Mangalore. The sample size was 100 school children. The samples were selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. The tool used was demographic pro forma and structured knowledge questionnaire. The result showed that the mean and standard deviation of pre- test knowledge score of school children were (69.62% ±3.070). The study found that there was no significant association between the levels of knowledge with selected demographic variables. Hence the null hypothesis were accepted.
Prevalence study of hypertension among adults in an urban area of Jammu
Authors:   Senior Resident PG Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College (GMC) Jammu, J&K 180001, India, Rani Renu , Mengi Vijay ,   Professor and Former Head of Department PG Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College (GMC) Jammu, J&K 180001, India, Verma Aruna ,   Lecturer PG Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College (GMC) Jammu, J&K 180001, India, Sharma Harash K. ,   Consultant Physician J&K Health Services, J&K 180001, India
Published: May 2022

Background: Considering the epidemic of hypertension in recent decades the present study was carried out in an urban adult population to study the prevalence of the disease. Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertension in an urban adult population aged 30 years and above of Trikuta Nagar colony Jammu. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in urban population aged 30 years and above of Trikuta Nagar colony in Jammu district of J&K falling under urban health centre, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Jammu. Every alternate house was visited thus covering 50% of total houses. A conventional mercury sphygmomanometer was used for recording blood pressure. Hypertension was diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure was ≥140 mmHg and/or Diastolic blood pressure was ≥90 mmHg. Those already diagnosed as hypertensives and taking medication were also considered as hypertensives. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 57.83%. A higher proportion of males were suffering from hypertension (65.21%) as compared to females (52.64%). Diabetes mellitus was found to be the most common co morbid condition. Conclusion: The study shows high prevalence of hypertension in urban population.
Prevalence of prescribing pattern of more than one NSAID in Pakistan
Authors:   Associate Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan, Gul Somia , Ayub Maria ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent diverse group of drug with analgesic property and most frequently prescribed drug globally.This is first choice of drug with well demonstrated efficiency for the pain management primarily musculoskeletal disorder and osteoarthritis to treat mild to moderate pain.Although its serious toxicity related to GIT limits its expediency.”Big evil” have tendency to just cure pain relieving symptoms not disease.In this study we aimed to determine the prescribing practice of multiple NSAIDs in Pakistan by healthcare practitioner and their attitude towards patient life safety and what consequences are responsible for irrational practice of these most common OTC drug. For the purpose of this evaluation discriptive studies was conducted based on prescription reading and case histories of more than 200 patients to rule out prescribing habit of physicians. Prescription collected were mostly from emergency (80%) and general physicians (20%). Nearly everyone patient came with intense pain related with muscular and arthritis pain. About 69% patients were being prescribed by double NSAIDs in which acetaminophen ratio was mostly high with Diclofenac sodium (ratio of 60:35). Single practice of NSAIDs has reported just 25% but more than prescription containing multiple NSAIDs 6%. Traditional NSAIDs prescribed more frequently compared to selective NSAIDs by physician which makes patients susceptible to GIT associated toxicity. For the prophylaxis of NSAIDs associated GIT bleeding only 15% patients were coprescribe by H2 receptor blocker primarily ranitidine (15%) and PPis (7%) and other (2%). After careful consideration about prescribing habit of NSAIDs by physician we conclude that the irrational practices prevalence have been rising dangerously which needs careful consideration by health authorities.
Prevalence and antibiogram of extended spectrum β- lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Khaja Banda Nawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Gulbarga 585104, India, Deodurg Priyadarshini M. , Sureka Rajive Kumar ,   Department of Microbiology, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur village, Medchal Mandal, R.R district, Andhra Pradesh 501401, India, Mala Ravi D. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur Village, Medchal Mandal, R.R district, Andhra Pradesh 501401, India
Published: May 2022

Resistant Extended spectrum β lactamases (ESBL) bacteria are emerging worldwide as a threat to favorable outcome in the treatment of common infections in community and hospital settings. They are mainly found in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Proteus species. Extensive and often indiscriminate use of the extended-spectrum cephalosporins in particular, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone, is associated with the emergence and spread of multi drug resistant K. pneumoniae. Prevalence of ESBLs varies from institute to institute. Hence the present study was done to know the prevalence and antibiogram of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae. This was a prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India from April 2011 to May 2012. Consecutive non-repeat culture isolates of were obtained from different clinical specimens such as urine, pus, blood etc. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI recommendations. Higher resistance among ESBL producers than among non-ESBL producers. Highest resistance was seen with beta lactam antibiotics, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. Resistance to Aztreonam was zero percent and one isolate was resistant to Imipenem. During the past decade, ESBL producing Gram-negative bacilli especially Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae have emerged as serious pathogens both in hospital and community acquired infections worldwide. An important step in rationalizing the use of antibiotics is the formulation of hospital infection control committee. Antibiotic policy should be prepared in consultation with various clinical and surgical clinical departments. Routine detection of ESBL-producing microorganisms should be done by each laboratory, which helps physicians in choosing an appropriate empirical therapy and conserve powerful antibiotics for life threatening infections.
To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Karachi
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, 5C, Nazimabad, Karachi – 74600, Pakistan, Naveed Safila , Kauser Shaheen ,   Department of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, 5C, Nazimabad, Karachi – 74600, Pakistan, Shahid Misbah ,   Department of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, 5C, Nazimabad, Karachi – 74600, Pakistan, Farooqui Aisha ,   Department of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, 5C, Nazimabad, Karachi – 74600, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

To study the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a sample of 150 patients living in different hospitals in Karachi, as well as to estimate the current eye care to the diabetic population. Population based cross-sectional study in which patients with diabetes aged 25 to 60 years in Karachi, Pakistan. This survey was conducted from April to October 2012. All patients known to have diabetes underwent an eye examination by bio-microscope and indirect ophthalmoscope to check for any signs of DR through dilated pupils by + 78 lens. Participants were also interviewed and examined to determine their demographic characteristics, medical conditions and the regularity of their eye visits. Participants received a comprehensive ocular examination in hospital and a grading of DR was done using standard protocols. Physicians then provided us with the systemic and demographic data. The patients with diabetes aged 25 to 60 years in different hospitals of Karachi. Methdology: This survey was conducted in hospital of Karachi and checks the patients of diabetes as well as to estimate the current eye care to the diabetic population. Result: Among 150 screened patients, 71 had diabetes of them, 71 examined patients with diabetes, and 43 had diabetic retinopathy. Only 16 patients with diabetes had a regular eye examination. Conclusion: This suggests the need for regular screening for diabetic retinopathy and aggressive management of modifiable risk factors could reduce the numbers of people who develop vision-threatening retinopathy. This study demonstrated a high prevalence and poor control of DR in Karachi. This suggests the need for adequate prevention and treatment in patients with diabetes.
Steroidal and triterpenoidal saponins from the stem bark extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia Mill (Vahl) Verbenaceae
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria - Nigeria, Ilyas M. , Pateh U. U. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria - Nigeria, Musa A. M. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria - Nigeria, Mohammed M. ,   National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B. 1052, Zaria – Nigeria
Published: May 2022

Two saponins were isolated from the stem bark extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia. Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical analysis as (23S, 25S) - 5α - spirostan – 24 – one - 3β, 23 – diol – 3 – O – {α – L – rhamnopyranosyl – (1→2) – [O – β - D - glucopyranosyl – (1→4)] – β - D – galactopyranoside} (1) and 3β – O –( β- D - Xylopyranosyl – (1-3) – α – L – arabinopyranosyl) - 20β, 23-dihydroxy urs – 12 – en – 28 – O – [- α – L – rhamnopyranosyl – (1-3) – α – L – rhamnopyranosyl – (1-6) – β - D - glucopyranosyl -] ester.
Anti-diabetic activity of Tridax procumbens
Authors:   MET Institute of Pharmacy, MET Complex, Bandra reclamation, Mumbai 400050, India, Sonawane Abhijit , Srivastava Rashmi S. ,   MET Institute of Pharmacy, MET Complex, Bandra reclamation, Mumbai 400050, India, Sanghavi Nikita ,   MET Institute of Pharmacy, MET Complex, Bandra reclamation, Mumbai 400050, India, Malode Yashwant ,   MET Institute of Pharmacy, MET Complex, Bandra reclamation, Mumbai 400050, India, Chavan Bhagyashri ,   MET Institute of Pharmacy, MET Complex, Bandra reclamation, Mumbai 400050, India
Published: May 2022

A study of ancient literature indicates that diabetes was fairly well known and well conceived as an entity in India. Plant-based drugs have been used against various diseases since a long time. The nature has provided abundant plant wealth for all the living creatures, which possess medicinal virtues. The essential values of some plants have long been published, but a large number of them have remained unexplored to date. Therefore, there is a necessity to explore their uses and to conduct pharmacognostic and pharmacological studies to ascertain their therapeutic properties. In fact, nowadays, diabetes is a global problem. Hence, the present study aims to open new avenues for the improvement of medicinal uses of Tridax procumbens (Compositae) for the selected area for diabetes. Another important objective of such a study is to bring the anti-diabetic medicinal plants sector on a firm scientific footing, raise awareness and add value to the resource. Petroleum ether (60-80°C), chloroform, and methanol extracts of whole plant of Tridax procumbens were studied for in-vitro alpha amylase activity, percent inhibition value was compared to standard acarbose and quercitin.
Assessment of soil chemical properties through application of fresh aquatic weeds
Authors:   Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh, IpsitaSarkar  , ShaikhMotasimBillah  ,   Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
Published: May 2022

Soils from Bajoa soil series (Typic endoequepts) were placed in pots for aquatic weeds application and to analyze chemical parameters (pH, EC, N, P, K, S, organic matter) of the treated soil. Three aquatic weeds were selected; those are Water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes), Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Water spinach (Ipomea aquatica). All the chemical properties were found improved for the treatment T3 (water spinach; 3000kg hac-1) and T4 (water spinach; 2000 kg hac-1) and most of the attributes were found as minimum for control. The macro nutrients such as N, P, K, S, are improved in the soil by the application of aquatic weeds as green manure because green manure plant creates more acidic condition which extracts more nutrients from fixed position in soil to bio-available form by root exudation.
Systemic oxidative stress and antioxidant status in Chronic Bronchitis patients
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, ESI Medical College, Gulbarga 585104, India, Nagaraj  , Deodurg Priyadarshini M. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Khaja Banda Nawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Gulbarga 585104, India
Published: May 2022

Background: Chronic Bronchitis is associated with high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chronic Bronchitis. Methods & Results: A total number of 60 subjects comprising of 30 healthy controls and 30 chronic bronchitis cases were studied. In all the subjects, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants like whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH), serum vitamin C, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were estimated. The levels of whole blood reduced glutathione; serum vitamin C and SOD activity were significantly decreased in chronic bronchitis patients when compared to controls. Serum MDA was significantly increased in chronic bronchitis patients when compared to controls. Conclusion: The presence of increased systemic oxidative stress in chronic bronchitis patients seems to be associated with current active smoking and systemic inflammation. The decrease in antioxidant levels appears to be mainly a consequence of increased oxidative stress. This suggests that oxidative stress is likely to be involved in pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis.
Jou: the traditional drink of the Boro tribe of Assam and North East India
Authors:   Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Diphu Campus, Diphu, Karbi Anglong, Assam 782460, India, Basumatary Tarun Kumar , Terangpi Reena ,   Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Diphu Campus, Diphu, Karbi Anglong, Assam 782460, India, Begum Ramie H. ,   Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Diphu Campus, Diphu, Karbi Anglong, Assam 782460, India, Brahma Chandan ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370, India, Roy Padmoraj ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370, India, Boro Hankhray ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370, India, Narzary Hwiyang ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370, India, Daimary Rista ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370, India, Brahma Birendra Kumar ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370, India, Brahma Sanjib ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370, India, Islary Anuck ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370, India, Das Sandeep ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370, India, Medhi Subhash ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781014, India, Swargiary Shyam Sundar ,   Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781014, India, Bose Sujoy ,   Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781014, India
Published: May 2022

Jou is an integral part of the socio-cultural life of the Boros. The Boro has an old age tradition of preparing Jou from fermented cooked rice (jumai) with locally prepared yeast cake called Amao. Jou is traditionally used in marriage, worship and in all social occasions and it is of three kinds Jou- bidwi, finai and gwran (distilled alcohol from jumai). Amao is traditionally prepared from seven plants species- Oryza sativa L., Scoparia dulcis L., Musa paradisiaca, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk., Ananas comosus (L). Merr., Clerodendron infortunetum L., Plumbago zeylancia L. Boro, an ethnic tribe in Kokrajhar district of Assam state, Northeast India is the material of the present study where elderly men and women were exclusively selected for the interview. The research included participatory approach of unstructured and semi-structured interviews and group discussions. The paper describes indigenous methods of preparation of Amao and harvesting of Jou. The used of different components as distilling unit for obtaining alcohol have also been emphasized. Present study has established Amao as a potential source of yeast medium used for fermenting rice and preparing Jou. Besides commercial exploitation of these plants as yeast media may be explored and encourage.
A review on TORCH: groups of congenital infection during pregnancy
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India, Yadav Rajnish Kumar , Maity Siddhartha ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India, Saha Sudipta ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
Published: May 2022

TORCH, includes Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19, Hepatitis B), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes infections are some of the most common infections associated with congenital anomalies. Most of the TORCH infections have serious fetal consequences and there has no impact on fetal outcome. In the present article, we wanted to discuss about the causative agents/organism, mode of infection, symptoms, treatment, vaccination, available molecular biological techniques and public awareness regarding this infection.