bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Cu(I) Catalyzed Bis(pinacolato)diboron Conjugate Addition and Reduction onto α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Wang Qing‐Dong , Yang Jin‐Ming , Fang Dong , Ren Jiangmeng , Dong Bin , Zhou Bin , Zeng Bu‐Bing
Published: September 2016

The conversion of ketones (I) into addition products (III) and hydrogenation products (IV) is controlled by the base used.
ChemInform Abstract: Wet‐Chemical Preparation of Barium Magnesium Orthophosphate, Ba2Mg(PO4)2:Eu2+, Nanorod Phosphor with Enhanced Optical and Photoluminescence Properties.
Authors: Song Hee Jo , Lee Chan Woo , Hwang Sung Won , Cho In Sun
Published: September 2016

Yellow‐emitting nanorod phosphors Ba2‐2xMg(PO4)2:Eu2x2+ (x = 0.01—0.09) are precipitated from stoichiometric aqueous solutions of Ba(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, (NH4)2HPO4, and Eu2O3 (pH 7—11 adjusted with NaOH, 90 °C, 6 h) followed by annealing (5%H2/N2, 600—800 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Composition Tunable and Highly Luminescent Cesium Lead Halide Nanowires Through Anion‐Exchange Reactions.
Authors: Yang Peidong , et al.
Published: September 2016

Monodisperse CsPbX3 (X: Cl, Br, I) nanowires (NWs) are prepared by injecting octylamine (OAm) and octadecene (ODE) into a 120 °C solution of PbBr2 in octadecene under N2 (135 °C, 35 min) to which a solution of Cs oleate is quickly added (40‐60 min; cooling to 0 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Intracell Hydrogen Adsorption‐Transmission in a Co2P Solid Hydrogen‐Storage Material.
Authors: Bao Di , Gao Peng , Li Chenliang , Wu Guoxun , Wang Yanbo , Chen Yujin , Zhou Han , Yang Piaoping
Published: September 2016

Co2P nanoparticles are obtained by ball milling (600 rpm, 6 h) of stoichiometric amounts of Co and red P under argon.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen and Dihydrogen Bonds in the Reactions of Metal Hydrides
Authors: Belkova Natalia V. , Epstein Lina M. , Filippov Oleg A. , Shubina Elena S.
Published: September 2016

Review: 362 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bronsted‐Lowry Acid Strength of Metal Hydride and Dihydrogen Complexes
Authors: Morris Robert H.
Published: September 2016

Review: 460 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bridging Fluorine and Aryne Chemistry: Vicinal Difunctionalization of Arynes Involving Nucleophilic Fluorination, Trifluoromethylation, or Trifluoromethylthiolation
Authors: Zeng Yuwen , Hu Jinbo
Published: September 2016

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reactions of Naphthols and Electron‐Rich Phenols
Authors: Montesinos‐Magraner Marc , Vila Carlos , Blay Gonzalo , Pedro Jose R.
Published: September 2016

Review: [61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances of Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition‐Click Chemistry over the Recent Decade
Authors: Singh Maya Shankar , Chowdhury Sushobhan , Koley Suvajit
Published: September 2016

Review: [200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxygenation of Alkene C=C Double Bonds for Carbonyl Generation
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Gao Yong , Wei Li
Published: September 2016

Review: [48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Bicyclic 6‐6 Systems: Chemistry of Pyrido[4,3‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Elattar Khaled M. , Dogru Mert Basak
Published: September 2016

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes Supported on Solid Matrices for Visible‐Light‐Driven Molecular Transformations
Authors: Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: September 2016

Review: [90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Rich Reactivity of Transition Metal Carbenes with Alkynes
Authors: Torres Oscar , Pla‐Quintana Anna
Published: September 2016

Review: [66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on the Synthesis of Acylindoles
Authors: Yao Shun‐Jiang , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: September 2016

Review: [39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Boronic Acids in Accelerating Condensation Reactions of α‐Effect Amines with Carbonyls
Authors: Gillingham Dennis
Published: September 2016

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Synthesis of Heterocycles via Electrophilic Cyclization of Alkynes
Authors: Aggarwal Trapti , Kumar Sonu , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: September 2016

Review: [78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Structural Data Reveal the Motion of Carrier Proteins in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Kittilae Tiia , Mollo Aurelio , Charkoudian Louise K. , Cryle Max J.
Published: September 2016

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Screening in Continuous Flow Reactors
Authors: Mohamed Dara Khairunnisa Binte , Yu Xingjian , Li Jiesheng , Wu Jie
Published: September 2016

Review: [33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Chemistry of Organozinc Reagents
Authors: Dilman Alexander D. , Levin Vitalij V.
Published: September 2016

Review: [43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Tsuji‐Wacker Oxidation
Authors: Baiju Thekke Veettil , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric , Namboothiri Irishi N.N.
Published: September 2016

Review: [70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Overview of the Synthesis of Carbazoloquinone Natural Products
Authors: Norman Alexander R. , Norcott Philip , McErlean Christopher S. P.
Published: September 2016

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Arynes Promoted by Silver Ions
Authors: Karmakar Rajdip , Lee Daesung
Published: September 2016

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Naphthol‐Based Macrocyclic Receptors
Authors: Yang Liu‐Pan , Liu Wei‐Er , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2016

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐Catalysts with Magnetic Core: Sustainable Options for Greener Synthesis
Authors: Varma Rajender S.
Published: September 2016

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mono‐ and Binuclear Non‐Heme Iron Chemistry from a Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Rokob Tibor Andras , Chalupsky Jakub , Bim Daniel , Andrikopoulos Prokopis C. , Srnec Martin , Rulisek Lubomir
Published: September 2016

Review: 242 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonempirical Double‐Hybrid Functionals: An Effective Tool for Chemists
Authors: Bremond Eric , Ciofini Ilaria , Sancho‐Garcia Juan Carlos , Adamo Carlo
Published: September 2016

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Circular Dichroism Absolute Configuration Determination of Natural Products
Authors: Joseph‐Nathan Pedro , Gordillo‐Roman Barbara
Published: September 2016

Review: 323 refs.
Overview of Critical Parameters for the Design and Execution of a High‐Throughput Screen for Allosteric Ligands
Authors: Alt Andrew
Published: September 2016

Allosteric ligands modulate the activity of receptor targets by binding to sites that are distinct from the orthosteric (native agonist) binding site. Allosteric modulators have potential therapeutic advantages over orthosteric agonists and antagonists, including improved selectivity, and maintenance of the spatial and temporal fidelity of native signaling patterns. The identification of allosteric ligands presents unique challenges because of the requirement for screening in the presence of an orthosteric agonist, the small signal window that is produced by many allosteric modulators, the proclivity of allosteric modulators to exhibit activity switching within a chemotype (e.g., one compound may be a positive allosteric modulator while a close analog is a negative allosteric modulator), and probe dependence (differential interactions with different orthosteric agonists). Described in this unit are emerging strategies for the identification of allosteric ligands by high‐throughput screening (HTS), including the use of multiple‐add/multiple‐read HTS assays and tool molecule‐based screening formats. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of the feasibility of Avrami equation to amino acid endcapped PPDO crystallization by using Malek and Mitsuhashi method
Authors: Wang Bing , Chen Chuan , Wu Chang Qiang , Luo Le , Chen Dong Liang , Dong Jun , Zhu Jiang , Shen Cheng Yi , Zhang Xiao Ming
Published: September 2016

Typically, the crystallization kinetics behaviour of biodegradable polyester could be described by the Avrami equation; however, for the appropriate application of this equation, some assumptions are required. Under conventional conditions of isothermal crystallization without nucleating agents, homogeneous nucleation is the key factor for the compatibility of this equation. On account of structural characteristics, the homogeneous nucleation of polymers is possibly affected by several factors. In this study, we investigated the isothermal crystallization of four PPDOs end‐capped with amino acids, followed by the Avrami equation analysis. After employing the method reported by Malek and Mitsuhashi, the L‐Gly‐ end‐capped PPDO and L‐Leu‐, L‐Phe‐end‐capped PPDO crystallized at higher temperatures were not suitable for analysis by the Avrami equation. In addition, this result was substantiated by reasoning the polymer chains’ mobility which could be affected by the terminated amino acids’ steric hindrance and crystallization temperatures, subsequently affecting homogeneous nucleation.
Delay‐locked loop based clock and data recovery with wide operating range and low jitter in a 65‐nm CMOS process
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Yuequan , Jia Song , Zhang Xing
Published: September 2016

A delay‐locked loop (DLL) based clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit with a half‐rate clock is proposed. The CDR includes a coarse and a fine tuned block, in which the novel coarse and fine phase detectors form closed loops. It is designed in a 65‐nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process using a 1.2‐V supply voltage. The simulation results show that it can cover a wide operating range from 500 Mbps to 8 Gbps and the corresponding peak‐to‐peak jitters are 1.63 ps and 0.96 ps, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atypical cells in a voided urine cytology specimen in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Lu Miao , Ho Julie , Azordegan Nazila , Perry Anamarija M. , Gibson Ian W. , Baker Patricia
Published: September 2016

Voided urine is routinely collected from renal transplant patients to screen for polyomavirus. In rare cases, atypical lymphoid cells can be detected in voided urine and raise the suspicion of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). However, further immunohistochemistry of the cell block and flow cytometry is frequently limited by the low cellularity and poor preservation of voided urine. Therefore, PTLD of the renal allograft is usually diagnosed from tissue biopsy or nephrectomy specimens. Herein, we report a rare case of atypical cells in a voided urine cytology specimen from a kidney transplant recipient. Needle core biopsy of the renal allograft showed monomorphic PTLD. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:69–72. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Horizons in Pediatric Psychopharmacology
Authors: Khan Sarah , Rathore Vijaylaxmi , Khan Shahida
Published: September 2016

Preclinical Research

Recent advances in pediatric psychopharmacology have been rather uneven. Increased use of psychotropic drugs among the pediatric population has raised concerns regarding their inappropriate use and safety. While clinical trials have been conducted on various pediatric psychopharmacological drugs, there has been an insignificant amount of importance to innovation in holistic treatment. A rational approach toward elucidating the various challenges would be contingent on the convergence of the development of novel efficacious psychotropic drugs with concrete conceptual frameworks and guidelines fostering enhanced outcomes. A research infrastructure concerning the relevance of the clinician's perspective, combining drugs with alternative therapies, the need for pediatric specific formulations and relevance of these in developing countries provides a basis on which innovative treatment/development can be constructed. The current commentary highlights these comprehensive and targeted treatment guidelines as aspects necessary for building the future of the field. Drug Dev Res 77 : 474–478, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving Current Treatments for Schizophrenia
Authors: Maric Nadja P. , Jovicic Milica J. , Mihaljevic Marina , Miljevic Cedo
Published: September 2016

Preclinical Research

After the identification of the schizophrenia as an illness over a century ago, treatment of affected individuals included unspecific, mostly very robust methods including deep insulin coma and lobectomy/leucotomy. The first relatively specific treatment of schizophrenia started about 60 years ago with the antipsychotic chlorpromazine. All currently approved antipsychotic drugs block dopamine receptors, indicating that manipulation of dopaminergic function is fundamental to a therapeutic response in psychosis. Despite refinements in their mechanism of action, the therapeutic effects of subsequent generations of antipsychotics are insufficient in claiming superiority over the first generation, with the possible exception of clozapine. Dopamine receptor blockade is necessary but not always sufficient for antipsychotic response and improvements have been reported with molecules acting on other receptors (glutamate, glycine, cannabidiol, estrogen), intracellular signaling proteins, or products of identified risk genes. Here, we review the current status of drugs under investigation. In addition, we emphasize that the development of the novel compounds to target the underlying cognitive dysfunction and negative symptom dimension of full blown schizophrenia, or attenuated psychosis syndrome and specific endophenotypes related to the increased risk of psychosis in the general population, alongside efforts to deconstruct the concept of schizophrenia(s), represent the best way to meet patient needs for better therapies and more favorable outcomes. Drug Dev Res 77 : 357–367, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lithium Pharmacogenetics: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Pisanu Claudia , Melis Carla , Squassina Alessio
Published: September 2016

Preclinical Research

Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder with a prevalence of 0.8–1.2% in the general population. Although lithium is considered the first‐line treatment, a large percentage of patients do not respond sufficiently. Moreover, lithium can induce severe side effects and has poor tolerance and a narrow therapeutic index. The genetics of lithium response has been largely investigated, but findings have so far failed to identify reliable biomarkers to predict clinical response. This has been largely determined by the highly complex phenotipic and genetic architecture of lithium response. To this regard, collaborative initiatives hold the promise to provide robust and standardized methods to disantenagle this complexity, as well as the capacity to collect large samples of patietnts, a crucial requirement to study the genetics of complex phenotypes. The International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) has recently published the largest study so far on lithium response reporting significant associations for two long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). This result provides relevant insights into the pharmacogenetics of lithium supporting the involvement of the noncoding portion of the genome in modulating clinical response. Although a vast body of research is engaged in dissecting the genetic bases of response to lithium, the several drawbacks of lithium therapy have also stimulated multiple efforts to identify new safer treatments. A drug repurposing approach identified ebselen as a potential lithium mimetic, as it shares with lithium the ability to inhibit inositol monophosphatase. Ebselen, an antioxidant glutathione peroxidase mimetic, represents a valid and promising example of new potential therapeutic interventions for BD, but the paucity of data warrant further investigation to elucidate its potential efficacy and safety in the management of BPD. Nevertheless, findings provided by the growing field of pharmacogenomic research will ultimately lead to the identification of new molecular targets and safer treatments for BPD. Drug Dev Res 77 : 368–373, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remote haemodynamic‐guided care for patients with chronic heart failure: a meta‐analysis of completed trials
Authors: Adamson Philip B. , Ginn Greg , Anker Stefan D. , Bourge Robert C. , Abraham William T.
Published: September 2016

Aims

Haemodynamic‐guided heart failure (HF) management using directly measured cardiac filling pressures in symptomatic patients is now recommended in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Heart Failure Guidelines [Class IIb(B)]. This meta‐analysis evaluates all data from completed clinical trials evaluating this approach in patients with HF.

Methods and results

All trials evaluating the impact of HF management based on haemodynamic monitoring using implantable devices were reviewed using standard search engine methods. PRISMA methods were used to evaluate and screen publications that included an evaluation of an effect on HF hospitalizations. All publications meeting the inclusion criteria were included, and the outcomes data were evaluated using standard meta‐analysis methodology. Of 317 publications initially identified, five trials involving 1296 patients with chronic HF met the criteria used in this meta‐analysis. Studies included prospective controlled designs, as well as observational studies with historical control. Heterogeneity testing failed to demonstrate instability of analysis due to differences between trials. When compiled, outcomes from these trials favoured remote haemodynamic monitoring with a significant 38% reduction in HF hospitalizations (hazard ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.50–0.78, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Haemodynamic‐guided HF management using permanently implanted sensors and frequent filling pressure evaluation is superior to traditional clinical management strategies in reducing long‐term HF hospitalization risk in symptomatic patients.
Dutch Dataset Pain Rehabilitation in daily practice: Content, patient characteristics and reference data
Authors: Köke A.J.A. , Smeets R.J.E.M. , Schreurs K.M. , van Baalen B. , de Haan P. , Remerie S.C. , Schiphorst Preuper H.R. , Reneman M.F.
Published: September 2016

Background

No core set of measurement tools exists to collect data within clinical practice. Such data could be useful as reference data to guide treatment decisions and to compare patient characteristics or treatment results within specific treatment settings.

Methods

The Dutch Dataset Pain Rehabilitation was developed which included the six domains of the IMMPACT core set and three new domains relevant in the field of rehabilitation (medical consumption, patient‐specific goals and activities/participation). Between 2010 and 2013 the core set was implemented in 32 rehabilitation facilities throughout the Netherlands.

Results

A total of 8200 adult patients with chronic pain completed the core set at first consultation with the rehabilitation physician. Adult patients (18–90 years) suffering from a long history of pain (38% >5 years) were referred. Patients had high medical consumption and less than half were working. Although patients were referred with diagnosis of low back pain or neck or shoulder pain, a large group (85%) had multisite pain (39% 2–5 painful body regions; 46% >5 painful body regions). Scores on psychosocial questionnaires were high, indicating high case complexity of referred patients. Reference data for subgroups based on gender, pain severity, pain locations and on pain duration are presented.

Conclusions

The data from this clinical core set can be used to compare patient characteristics of patients of other treatment setting and/or scientific publications. As treatment success might depend on case complexity, which is high in the referred patients, the advantages of earlier referral to comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment were discussed.

Significance

A detailed description of case complexity of patients with chronic pain referred for pain rehabilitation. Insight in case complexity of patients within subgroups on the basis of gender, pain duration, pain severity and pain location. These descriptions can be used as reference data for daily practice in the field of pain rehabilitation and can be used to evaluate, monitor and improve rehabilitation care in care settings nationwide as well as internationally.
Epoxy fatty acids mediate analgesia in murine diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Wagner K. , Lee K.S.S. , Yang J. , Hammock B.D.
Published: September 2016

Background

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition with no adequate therapy. The health benefits of omega‐3 fatty acids are established, however, the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in limiting pain has only recently been described and the mechanisms of this action remain unknown. DHA is metabolized into epoxydocosapentanoic acids (EDPs) via cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes which are substrates for the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme. Here, we tested several hypotheses; first, that the antinociceptive action of DHA is mediated by the EDPs. Second, based on evidence that DHA and CYP450 metabolites elicit analgesia through opioid signalling, we investigated this as a possible mechanism of action. Third, we tested whether the analgesia mediated by epoxy fatty acids had similar rewarding effects as opioid analgesics.

Methods

We tested diabetic neuropathic wild‐type and sEH null mice in a conditioned place preference assay for their response to EDPs, sEHI and antagonism of these treatments with naloxone, a mu‐opioid receptor antagonist.

Results

The EDPs and sEH inhibitors were efficacious against chronic pain, and naloxone antagonized the action of both EDPs and sEH inhibitors. Despite this antagonism, the sEH inhibitors lacked reward side effects differing from opioids.

Conclusions

The EpFA are analgesic against chronic pain differing from opioids which have limited efficacy in chronic conditions.

Significance

EDPs and sEHI mediate analgesia in modelled chronic pain and this analgesia is blocked by naloxone. However, unlike opioids, sEHI are highly effective in neuropathic pain models and importantly lack rewarding side effects.
The interaction between NGF‐induced hyperalgesia and acid‐provoked pain in the infrapatellar fat pad and tibialis anterior muscle of healthy volunteers
Authors: Munkholm T.K. , Arendt‐Nielsen L.
Published: September 2016

Background

Tissue pH is lowered in inflamed tissues, and the increased proton concentration activates acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs), contributing to pain and hyperalgesia. ASICs can be upregulated by nerve growth factor (NGF). The aim of this study was to investigate two new human experimental pain models combining NGF‐ and acid‐induced pain in a randomized, controlled, double‐blind study.

Methods

In experiment 1, volunteers (N = 16) received an injection of either NGF or isotonic saline in each infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). One day after 5 mL of phosphate‐buffered acidic saline was infused into each IFP at a rate of 20 mL/h. In experiment 2, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of additional volunteers (N = 16) was examined, following the same procedure except that the volume and infusion rate of acid were different (10 mL, 30 mL/h). Continuous pain ratings were recorded during and after acid infusions. In addition, soreness scores on a Likert scale and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed.

Results

The PPT of the IFP was significantly decreased at the NGF injection site on day 1, but acid‐provoked pain ratings and the change in PPT from pre‐ to postinfusion between the knees were similar. In the muscle pain model, local mechanical hyperalgesia developed 3 h after the NGF injection and a significant additional decrease in PPT was found after acid infusion compared to preinfusion.

Conclusions

NGF sensitization in the IFP was not facilitated by acid, whereas an acid‐provoked enhancement of muscle hyperalgesia was found. NGF sensitization of adipose tissue responds differently to acid provocation compared to muscle tissue.

Significance

Quantification of two novel pain models combining NGF and acid. Hyperalgesia developed after NGF injection in the infrapatellar fat pad, but it was not facilitated by acid provocation. Contrary, NGF‐induced hyperalgesia in muscle tissue was enhanced by acid.
Efficient, Stable, Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transport Material with a Triphenylamine Core for CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qi Peng , Zhang Fei , Zhao Xiaoming , Liu Xicheng , Bi Xiangdong , Wei Peng , Xiao Yin , Li Xianggao , Wang Shirong
Published: September 2016

A star‐shaped hole‐transporting material (HTM) using the triphenylamine (TPA) as the core named TP1 is designed and synthesized. The implementation of the new HTM in CH3NH3PbI3‐based perovskite solar cells exhibits an excellent overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.63 % without the use of any dopants and additives, which is comparable to the 14.93 % obtained using p‐doped spiro‐OMeTAD. Importantly, the devices based on TP1 show relatively stable device performance compared to spiro‐OMeTAD after aging in ambient air with 30 % relative humidity without encapsulation in the dark. The present results demonstrate that TPA could be an excellent building block to design dopant‐free HTMs for perovskite solar cells and holds promise to replace p‐doped spiro‐OMeTAD, which is important for the fabrication of cost‐effective and stable devices.
Photodecomposition of organic phosphorus in aquatic solution under solar irradiation with nitrate: Kinetics and influencing water parameters
Authors: Li Xiaolu , Yuan Shaobo , Zhou Yiyong , Liu Guanglong , Zhu Duanwei
Published: September 2016

The transformation of organic phosphorus plays an important role in the phosphorus cycle in the natural environment. In this study, a series of laboratory‐based experiments were conducted to address the influence of nitrate (
) photochemical activity on the transformation of methyl parathion under solar irradiation. It is demonstrated that the photodecomposition of methyl parathion by
obeys pseudo‐first‐order reaction kinetics, with the photodecomposition rate increasing with
concentration. The photodecomposition rates of methyl parathion by
were strongly influenced by pH, concentration of humic acid and Fe3+. Higher concentrations of Fe3+ and lower concentrations of humic acid accelerated the photodegradation induced by
. Moreover, compared to alkaline media the acidic media can enhance the rate of methyl parathion degradation. Formation of the hydroxyl radical (•OH) was identified through the measurement of photoluminescence spectra (PL) using terephthalic acid as the trapping molecule. The primary transformation pathways of methyl parathion in the presence of
under solar irradiation were proposed through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of byproducts. Intermediates, such as paraoxon, 4‐nitrophenol and orthophosphate, were identified, and a mineralization pathway from methyl parathion to orthophosphate was proposed. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 404–411, 2017
Common fragile sites (CFS) and extremely large CFS genes are targets for human papillomavirus integrations and chromosome rearrangements in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gao Ge , Johnson Sarah H , Vasmatzis George , Pauley Christina E , Tombers Nicole M. , Kasperbauer Jan L , Smith David I.
Published: September 2016

Common fragile sites (CFS) are chromosome regions that are prone to form gaps or breaks in response to DNA replication stress. They are often found as hotspots for sister chromatid exchanges, deletions, and amplifications in different cancers. Many of the CFS regions are found to span genes whose genomic sequence is greater than 1 Mb, some of which have been demonstrated to function as important tumor suppressors. CFS regions are also hotspots for human papillomavirus (HPV) integrations in cervical cancer. We used mate‐pair sequencing to examine HPV integration events and chromosomal structural variations in 34 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). We used endpoint PCR and Sanger sequencing to validate each HPV integration event and found HPV integrations preferentially occurred within CFS regions similar to what is observed in cervical cancer. We also found that many of the chromosomal alterations detected also occurred at or near the cytogenetic location of CFSs. Several large genes were also found to be recurrent targets of rearrangements, independent of HPV integrations, including CSMD1 (2.1Mb), LRP1B (1.9Mb), and LARGE1 (0.7Mb). Sanger sequencing revealed that the nucleotide sequences near to identified junction sites contained repetitive and AT‐rich sequences that were shown to have the potential to form stem‐loop DNA secondary structures that might stall DNA replication fork progression during replication stress. This could then cause increased instability in these regions which could lead to cancer development in human cells. Our findings suggest that CFSs and some specific large genes appear to play important roles in OPSCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute myeloid leukemia with del(9q) is characterized by frequent mutations of NPM1, DNMT3A, WT1 and low expression of TLE4
Authors: Herold Tobias , Metzeler Klaus H. , Vosberg Sebastian , Hartmann Luise , Jurinovic Vindi , Opatz Sabrina , Konstandin Nikola P. , Schneider Stephanie , Zellmeier Evelyn , Ksienzyk Bianka , Graf Alexander , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Cristina Sauerland Maria , Büchner Thomas , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Wörmann Bernhard J. , Mansmann Ulrich , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Bohlander Stefan K. , Spiekermann Karsten , Greif Philipp A.
Published: September 2016

Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 9 [del(9q)] are a rare but recurring aberration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Del(9q) can be found as the sole abnormality or in combination with other cytogenetic aberrations such as t(8;21) and t(15;17). TLE1 and TLE4 were identified to be critical genes contained in the 9q region. We performed whole exome sequencing of 5 patients with del(9q) as the sole abnormality followed by targeted amplicon sequencing of 137 genes of 26 patients with del(9q) as sole or combined with other aberrations. We detected frequent mutations in NPM1 (10/26; 38%), DNMT3A (8/26; 31%), and WT1 (8/26; 31%) but only few FLT3‐ITDs (2/26; 8%). All mutations affecting NPM1 and DNMT3A were exclusively identified in patients with del(9q) as the sole abnormality and were significantly more frequent compared to 111 patients classified as intermediate‐II according to the European LeukemiaNet (10/14, 71% vs. 22/111, 20%; P < 0.001, 8/14, 57% vs. 26/111, 23%; P = 0.02). Furthermore, we identified DNMT3B to be rarely but recurrently targeted by truncating mutations in AML. Gene expression analysis of 13 patients with del(9q) and 454 patients with normal karyotype or various cytogenetic aberrations showed significant down regulation of TLE4 in patients with del(9q) (P = 0.02). Interestingly, downregulation of TLE4 was not limited to AML with del(9q), potentially representing a common mechanism in AML pathogenesis. Our comprehensive genetic analysis of the del(9q) subgroup reveals a unique mutational profile with the frequency of DNMT3A mutations in the del(9q) only subset being the highest reported so far in AML, indicating oncogenic cooperativity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Germline miRNA DNA variants and the risk of colorectal cancer by subtype
Authors: Lindor Noralane M. , Larson Melissa C. , DeRycke Melissa S. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Baheti Saurabh , Fogarty Zachary C. , Win Aung Ko , Potter John D. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Clendenning Mark , Newcomb Polly A. , Casey Graham , Gallinger Steven , Le Marchand Loïc , Hopper John L. , Jenkins Mark A. , Goode Ellen L. , Thibodeau Stephen N.
Published: September 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate up to one‐third of all protein‐coding genes including genes relevant to cancer. Variants within miRNAs have been reported to be associated with prognosis, survival, response to chemotherapy across cancer types, in vitro parameters of cell growth, and altered risks for development of cancer. Five miRNA variants have been reported to be associated with risk for development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we evaluated germline genetic variation in 1,123 miRNAs in 899 individuals with CRCs categorized by clinical subtypes and in 204 controls. The role of common miRNA variation in CRC was investigated using single variant and miRNA‐level association tests. Twenty‐nine miRNAs and 30 variants exhibited some marginal association with CRC in at least one subtype of CRC. Previously reported associations were not confirmed (n = 4) or could not be evaluated (n = 1). The variants noted for the CRCs with deficient mismatch repair showed little overlap with the variants noted for CRCs with proficient mismatch repair, consistent with our evolving understanding of the distinct biology underlying these two groups. © 2016 The Authors Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rubicon inhibits autophagy and accelerates hepatocyte apoptosis and lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Hikita Hayato , Tatsumi Tomohide , Sakamori Ryotaro , Nozaki Yasutoshi , Sakane Sadatsugu , Shiode Yuto , Nakabori Tasuku , Saito Yoshinobu , Hiramatsu Naoki , Tabata Keisuke , Kawabata Tsuyoshi , Hamasaki Maho , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Nagano Hiroaki , Yoshimori Tamotsu , Takehara Tetsuo
Published: September 2016

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to fatty liver with hepatocellular injury, termed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Recent studies have demonstrated hepatic autophagy being impaired in NAFLD. In the present study, we investigated the impact of Rubicon, a Beclin1‐interacting negative regulator for autophagosome‐lysosome fusion, in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In HepG2 cells, BNL‐CL2 cells, and murine primary hepatocytes, Rubicon was posttranscriptionally up‐regulated by supplementation with saturated fatty acid palmitate. Up‐regulation of Rubicon was associated with suppression of the late stage of autophagy, as evidenced by accumulation of both LC3‐II and p62 expression levels as well as decreased autophagy flux. Its blockade by small interfering RNA attenuated autophagy impairment and reduced palmitate‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and lipid accumulation. Rubicon was also up‐regulated in association with autophagy impairment in livers of mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Hepatocyte‐specific Rubicon knockout mice generated by crossing Rubicon floxed mice with albumin‐Cre transgenic mice did not produce any phenotypes on a normal diet. In contrast, on an HFD, they displayed significant improvement of both liver steatosis and injury as well as attenuation of both endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy impairment in the liver. In humans, liver tissues obtained from patients with NAFLD expressed significantly higher levels of Rubicon than those without steatosis. Conclusion: Rubicon is overexpressed and plays a pathogenic role in NAFLD by accelerating hepatocellular lipoapoptosis and lipid accumulation, as well as inhibiting autophagy. Rubicon may be a novel therapeutic target for regulating NAFLD development and progression. (Hepatology 2016;64:1994‐2014).
Effect of Surface Cover on NPS Pollution from Sloping Fields under Intensive Farming in Korea
Authors: Choi Joongdae , Won Chulhee , Shin Minhwan , Choi Yonghun , Park Woonji , Lee Suin , Lee Youngjoon , Jeong Wongu
Published: September 2016

Sloping fields under intensive farming have been a major source of agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in Korea. Comprehensive studies to quantify edge‐of‐field water quality and measure surface mulch effects on NPS pollution discharge have been conducted over the past several years. Edge‐of‐field water quality was seriously degraded by NPS pollutants. The range of average event mean concentrations (EMCs) was suspended solids (SS) 547 ~ 2600 mg l−1, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 8.7 ~ 50.7 mg l−1, total nitrogen (TN) 3.5 ~ 21.8 mg l−1, and total phosphorus (TP) 2.4 ~ 13.1 mg l−1. Experiments treated by a rice straw mat mulch (S), S with gypsum (SG), and SG with PAM (SPG) showed good results as best management practices (BMPs) in controlling NPS pollution from sloping fields. The range of reductions by the treatments was runoff 28.3 ~ 96.7%, SS 71.5 ~ 99.5%, BOD 37.5 ~ 91.9%, TN 32.4 ~ 91.0%, and TP 43.0 ~ 95.7%. The SPG showed the best reduction effect for both runoff and NPS pollution. The S also showed encouraging results as a prospective BMP. Crop yields under the treatments also increased by up to 740% (lettuce) and 6.1 ~ 39.2% (cabbage and radish). The mulch treatments were proven to be effective for the increase of farm productivity and to improve runoff quality as well. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Membrane skeleton orchestrates the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib‐IX complex clustering and signaling
Authors: Shang Dan , Zhang Zuping , Wang Qian , Ran Yali , Shaw Tanner S. , Van John N. , Peng Yuandong
Published: September 2016

Platelet glycoprotein Ib‐IX complex is affixed to the membrane skeleton through interaction with actin binding protein 280 (ABP‐280). We find that removal of the ABP‐280 binding sites in GP Ibα cytoplasmic tail has little impact on the complex clustering induced by antibody crosslinking. However, large truncation of the GP Ibα cytoplasmic tail allows the formation of larger patches of the complex, suggesting that an ABP‐280 independent force may exist. Besides, we observe that the signaling upon GP Ib‐IX clustering is elicited in both membrane lipid domain dependent and independent manner, a choice that relies on how the membrane skeleton interacts with the complex. Our findings suggest a more complex mechanism for how the membrane skeleton regulates the GP Ib‐IX function. © 2016 The Authors IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 68(10):823–829, 2016
Photobiomodulation reduces abdominal adipose tissue inflammatory infiltrate of diet‐induced obese and hyperglycemic mice
Authors: Yoshimura Tania Mateus , Sabino Caetano Padial , Ribeiro Martha Simões
Published: September 2016

Systemic inflammation is closely related to the development of insulin resistance and type‐2 diabetes, since the activation of pro‐inflammatory pathways leads to inhibition of insulin signaling. Although photobiomodulation (PBM) has proven beneficial effects on the treatment of inflammatory disorders, the phototherapeutic approach to manage the chronic inflammatory component of obesity and hyperglycemia had never been explored. In this work, obese and hyperglycemic mice are treated with PBM, and their body mass, glycemia and inflammatory infiltrate of abdominal adipose tissue are evaluated. During four weeks, irradiated animals are exposed to six irradiation sessions using an 843 nm LED (5.7 J cm–2 at 19 mW cm–2 per session). Non‐irradiated control animals display inflammatory areas almost five times greater than the treated group (p < 0.001). This result on inflammatory infiltrate may have caused impacts on the significant lower blood glucose level from irradiated animals (p = 0.04), twenty‐four hours after the last irradiation session.

PBM on obese and hyperglycemic mice reduced five times the areas of inflammatory infiltrate within abdominal adipose tissue (a, b), whereas dense inflammatory regions were a common finding amidst non‐irradiated animals (c). The asterisks on (c) correspond to the inflammatory infiltrate permeating adipocytes.

magnified image

PBM on obese and hyperglycemic mice reduced five times the areas of inflammatory infiltrate within abdominal adipose tissue (a, b), whereas dense inflammatory regions were a common finding amidst non‐irradiated animals (c). The asterisks on (c) correspond to the inflammatory infiltrate permeating adipocytes.
Extracellular matrix‐derived hydrogels for dental stem cell delivery
Authors: Viswanath Aiswarya , Vanacker Julie , Germain Loïc , Leprince Julian G. , Diogenes Anibal , Shakesheff Kevin M. , White Lisa J. , des Rieux Anne
Published: September 2016

Decellularized mammalian extracellular matrices (ECM) have been widely accepted as an ideal substrate for repair and remodelling of numerous tissues in clinical and pre‐clinical studies. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of ECM scaffolds derived from site‐specific homologous tissues to direct cell differentiation. The present study investigated the suitability of hydrogels derived from different source tissues: bone, spinal cord and dentine, as suitable carriers to deliver human apical papilla derived mesenchymal stem cells (SCAP) for spinal cord regeneration. Bone, spinal cord, and dentine ECM hydrogels exhibited distinct structural, mechanical, and biological characteristics. All three hydrogels supported SCAP viability and proliferation. However, only spinal cord and bone derived hydrogels promoted the expression of neural lineage markers. The specific environment of ECM scaffolds significantly affected the differentiation of SCAP to a neural lineage, with stronger responses observed with spinal cord ECM hydrogels, suggesting that site‐specific tissues are more likely to facilitate optimal stem cell behavior for constructive spinal cord regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 319–328, 2017.
Cost-Effectiveness of Orthogeriatric and Fracture Liaison Service Models of Care for Hip Fracture Patients: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Leal Jose , Gray Alastair M , Hawley Samuel , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Delmestri Antonella , Arden Nigel K , Cooper Cyrus , Javaid M Kassim , Judge Andrew ,   and the REFReSH Study Group
Published: September 2016

Fracture liaison services are recommended as a model of best practice for organizing patient care and secondary fracture prevention for hip fracture patients, although variation exists in how such services are structured. There is considerable uncertainty as to which model is most cost-effective and should therefore be mandated. This study evaluated the cost- effectiveness of orthogeriatric (OG)- and nurse-led fracture liaison service (FLS) models of post-hip fracture care compared with usual care. Analyses were conducted from a health care and personal social services payer perspective, using a Markov model to estimate the lifetime impact of the models of care. The base-case population consisted of men and women aged 83 years with a hip fracture. The risk and costs of hip and non-hip fractures were derived from large primary and hospital care data sets in the UK. Utilities were informed by a meta-regression of 32 studies. In the base-case analysis, the orthogeriatric-led service was the most effective and cost-effective model of care at a threshold of £30,000 per quality-adjusted life years gained (QALY). For women aged 83 years, the OG-led service was the most cost-effective at £22,709/QALY. If only health care costs are considered, OG-led service was cost-effective at £12,860/QALY and £14,525/QALY for women and men aged 83 years, respectively. Irrespective of how patients were stratified in terms of their age, sex, and Charlson comorbidity score at index hip fracture, our results suggest that introducing an orthogeriatrician-led or a nurse-led FLS is cost-effective when compared with usual care. Although considerable uncertainty remains concerning which of the models of care should be preferred, introducing an orthogeriatrician-led service seems to be the most cost-effective service to pursue. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A MicroRNA Cluster miR‐23–24–27 Is Upregulated by Aldosterone in the Distal Kidney Nephron Where it Alters Sodium Transport
Authors: Liu Xiaoning , Edinger Robert S. , Klemens Christine A. , Phua Yu L. , Bodnar Andrew J. , LaFramboise William A. , Ho Jacqueline , Butterworth Michael B.
Published: September 2016

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is expressed in the epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules, connecting tubules, and cortical collecting duct (CCD) in the kidney nephron. Under the regulation of the steroid hormone aldosterone, ENaC is a major determinant of sodium (Na+) and water balance. The ability of aldosterone to regulate microRNAs (miRs) in the kidney has recently been realized, but the role of miRs in Na+ regulation has not been well established. Here we demonstrate that expression of a miR cluster mmu‐miR‐23–24–27, is upregulated in the CCD by aldosterone stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. Increasing the expression of these miRs increased Na+ transport in the absence of aldosterone stimulation. Potential miR targets were evaluated and miR‐27a/b was verified to bind to the 3′‐untranslated region of intersectin‐2, a multi‐domain protein expressed in the distal kidney nephron and involved in the regulation of membrane trafficking. Expression of Itsn2 mRNA and protein was decreased after aldosterone stimulation. Depletion of Itsn2 expression, mimicking aldosterone regulation, increased ENaC‐mediated Na+ transport, while Itsn2 overexpression reduced ENaC's function. These findings reinforce a role for miRs in aldosterone regulation of Na+ transport, and implicate miR‐27 in aldosterone's action via a novel target. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1306–1317, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inflammatory Events and Oxidant Production in the Diaphragm, Gastrocnemius, and Blood of Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia: Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Domínguez‐Álvarez Marisol , Gea Joaquim , Barreiro Esther
Published: September 2016

We hypothesized that inflammatory events and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may be differentially expressed in respiratory and limb muscles, and blood of a chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) experimental model and that antioxidants and TNF‐alpha blockade may influence those events. In blood, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius of rats non‐invasively exposed to CIH (10% hypoxia, 2 h/day, 14 consecutive days) with/without concomitant treatment with either anti‐TNF‐alpha antibody (infliximab) or N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), inflammatory cytokines, superoxide anion production, muscle structural abnormalities, and fiber‐type composition were assessed. Compared to non‐exposed controls, in CIH‐exposed rats, body weight gain was reduced, TNF‐alpha, IL‐1beta, IL‐6, and interferon‐gamma levels were increased in diaphragm, TNF‐alpha, and IL‐1 beta plasma levels were greater, systemic and muscle superoxide anion production was higher, diaphragm and gastrocnemius inflammatory cells and internal nuclei were higher, and muscle fiber‐type and morphometry remained unmodified. CIH rats treated with infliximab further increased TNF‐alpha, IL‐1beta, IL‐6, and interferon‐gamma diaphragm levels, whereas NAC induced a reduction only in TNF‐alpha and IL‐1beta levels in diaphragm and plasma. Infliximab and NAC elicited a significant decline in superoxide anion production in diaphragm, gastrocnemius, and plasma, while inducing a further increase in inflammatory cells and internal nuclei in both muscles. Proinflammatory cytokines are differentially expressed in respiratory and limb muscles and plasma of CIH‐exposed rats, while superoxide anion production increased in both muscle types and blood. Infliximab and NAC exerted different effects. These findings may help understand the biology underlying CIH in skeletal muscles and blood of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1165–1175, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Game Saturation Number of a Graph
Authors: Carraher James M. , Kinnersley William B. , Reiniger Benjamin , West Douglas B.
Published: September 2016

Given a family and a host graph H, a graph is ‐saturated relative to H if no subgraph of G lies in but adding any edge from to G creates such a subgraph. In the ‐saturation game on H, players Max and Min alternately add edges of H to G, avoiding subgraphs in , until G becomes ‐saturated relative to H. They aim to maximize or minimize the length of the game, respectively; denotes the length under optimal play (when Max starts).

Let denote the family of odd cycles and the family of n‐vertex trees, and write F for when . Our results include , for , for , and for . We also determine ; with , it is n when n is even, m when n is odd and m is even, and when is odd. Finally, we prove the lower bound . The results are very similar when Min plays first, except for the P4‐saturation game on .