bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Genesis of the Importance of Eastern Europe in the US Foreign Policy Strategy
Authors: Davydov Alexey
Published: February 2025

The article examines the genesis and evolution of the functional importance of the countries of Eastern Europe in the foreign policy strategy of the United States throughout different historical epochs. The article examines the foreign policy practices of the United States aimed at establishing it as a center of power that determines relations in the region. The author concludes that despite the long-standing formal establishment of relations, the dynamics of these relationships have been largely shaped by the Cold War logic. In total, U.S. policy in Eastern Europe has gone through three stages of development: from the middle of the XIX to the middle of the XX centuries – the first stage of a neutral and detached attitude, from the middle of the twentieth century to the end of the cold war – the second stage of an active strategy to level the influence of the USSR in the region through alternate deterrence and cooperation with the countries of the socialist bloc, from the end of the cold war to the present – the third active stage of integrating the countries of the region into West-centric multilateral structures and maintaining NATO in as a system-forming structure of the international order in Europe.
This significant transformation in regional relations—from the Cold War to a phase of peaceful collaboration, and then back to renewed tensions involving the U.S., China, and Russia—poses an important research question: how has the United States been defining and developing its relationships with a diverse array of countries in this evolving international landscape? This paper aims to assess the functional importance of these relationships for U.S. strategic interests. To achieve this, the author examines the progression of diplomatic and political ties, trends in investments and trade, military collaboration, and the strategic relevance of these relationships for American security interests in the region. The study of U.S. foreign policy practices toward Eastern Europe seeks to identify the primary factors driving the evolution of these relationships and to estimate the extent to which these policies are influenced by U.S. strategic priorities regarding Russia, China, and key European allies.
The economic platforms of K. Harris and D. Trump: common and different
Authors: Kozlov Vadim
Published: February 2025

The presidential elections of 2024 in the United States occupy a key place in the socio-political life of the United States. The economic programs of K. Harris and D. Trump represent an important subject of analysis by voters and researchers. Opinion polls show that rising prices are a major concern for the vast majority of Americans. High government debt, tax policy and foreign economic problems put the American economy in a very difficult position. Candidates offer different ways out of this situation, but meanwhile there are many similar features in their programs. An analysis of the candidates' economic programs is necessary to understand the future of the American economy in the next four years.
Political impact of Ethnic electorate in the USA
Authors: Kuzmina Tatyana
Published: February 2025

The author examines the influence of the ethnicity of the American electorate on the political process of elections in the United States. The researcher rightly notes the growth of their influence, on the one hand. On the other hand, certain changes are observed in political preferences within minority ethnic groups. For this purpose, actual data on the ethnic electorate in the United States are provided. The features of ethnic voters of generation Z are considered. The author analyzes in detail the barriers to voting for the ethnic electorate. The researcher compares the political communications with an ethnic electorate by the President of the USA J. Biden and D. Trump. The article reveals factors of influence on electoral preferences. The peculiarities of voting by black voters and the Spanish-speaking electorate are considered separately.
The US space activities under the Obama Administration (2009–2010)
Authors: Lazutin Dmitry
Published: February 2025

The article analyses the most important directions of activity of the B. Obama's new administration in the space sphere. In the conditions of the global financial crisis the current space programs were revised, some of them were abandoned in favor of more innovative projects capable of producing better results. A bet was made on the development of public-private partnerships with commercial space companies in the delivery of cargo into orbit, and the successes of private companies in this direction are described. In addition, in 2010, a program was initiated to build private manned spacecraft to deliver US astronauts to the International Space Station.
Food aid to the U.S. population: the current status and features
Authors: Ovchinnikov Oleg
Published: February 2025

Food aid programs for low-income citizens in the United States originate in the 1930s as part of the state's anti–crisis program during the Great Depression, in its modern form - since the 1960s. Over the past period, a package of programs has been formed (currently 15 titles), some of which are of a long–term nature, some of which are from among the pilot ones. The programs are implemented through the USDA, and their costs make up a large (up to 75%) part of the ministry's budget. Evolving over more than half a century, the PPP has been optimized, adapting to the changing socio-economic situation, as well as using technical innovations. In the work, along with a brief analysis of the structure and composition of programs, the main emphasis is placed on the analysis of problems that have arisen over the past years. Given the unsuccessful attempts made over the past 15 years to build a federal food aid system for the poor in Russia, this analysis may be useful in overcoming the obstacles that have arisen.
The Competition of USA and China in Africa: military and political aspects
Authors: Parkhomenko Valentin
Published: February 2025

The African continent, with some of the fastest-growing economies, an expanding consumer base, an exploding youth population, has recently witnessed intensifying China-U.S. сompetition. In economic and trade terms, the United States is playing catch-up as Beijing has long ago overaken Washington as the continent's largest trading partner and investor. While China regards Africa's adherence to the “One China” principle as the only political prerequisite for the engagement with continent, the United States views greater democracy and rule of law in Africa as the best interests of both. China's security presence in Africa pales in comparison with that of the United States, as Washington has an extensive network of military bases on the continent while Beijing's peace and security engagement mainly involves multilateral UN peace keeping operations and bilateral security cooperation, such as arms sales and training programs. However, growing China-U.S. competition does not necessarily crowd out shared interest or preclude closer coordination in specific areas, for example, market development, infrastructure building, anti-piracy, health capacity-building and so on. By fending off an ideological and military-political contest, respecting each other's core interest in Africans” development aspirations and security concerns, Beijing and Washington can find, according to the author's view, more common grownd with their African partners.
Aspects of the China – US – Russia relations in the context of the election campaign in the US and the «Ukrainian crisis»
Authors: Trush Sergey
Published: February 2025

Biden and Xi Jingping’s summit in San-Fransisco in November 2023 has initiated relatively visible and small scale detante, downgrading of sharp confrontational rhetoric between the two states. Both states were motivated to keep Biden administration serving in White House for the new term. This trend, however, has failed to be stable and dominating during the election year in the US. Small scale detante was actually negated due to the deep-rooted traditional contradictions of the two states in economic, military and political-ideologic sphere. On the issue of the Ukraine crisis the US administration has created its approach towards China’s principal support of Russia. This approach is focused on making Chinese economy to pay the highest price for such support through sanctions and discriminating measures.
The American Muslim Community in the Context of the 2024 Presidential Election
Authors: Shumilina Inna
Published: February 2025

The Muslim community in the United States has a growing influence on the outcome of the 2024 presidential election. In addition to interest in traditional topics - immigration, the economy, social security - the electoral choice in this segment of the population is likely to depend on the willingness of presidential candidates to meet their expectations on two topics: health care and the war in Gaza. The ideologeme of the “genocide of the Palestinian people” as an important component of the collective ethno-religious memory of Muslims and the Arab-speaking population received a new powerful impetus in October 2023 as result of the islamist organization Hamas’ attack on Israel and the latter's military response.
Joe Biden`s Three-Step Plan on the Settlement of the Conflict in Gaza: Rejection of Rational Solutions?
Authors: Derbenev Andrei
Published: February 2025

The United States is making efforts to resolve the conflict in Gaza by sending senior officials to the Middle East. Washington insists on a new round of negotiations between Israel and Hamas. Negotiations to establish peace in Gaza and release hostages in the enclave have reached an impasse after more than 10 months of war. Throughout 2024 The United States of America, Egypt and Qatar called on the parties to resume negotiations, offering their own ideas to overcome the remaining differences. Biden's national security adviser Jake Sullivan has asked White House Middle East coordinator Brett McGurk to travel to Egypt and U.S. Special Envoy Amos Hochstein to Lebanon, where they are expected to help overcome obstacles to a deal. However, at the current stage of the conflict, the contradictions between Israel and Egypt have worsened. Israel insists on the construction of 8 observation towers to control the Philadelphia corridor. This approach of Israel does not suit Egypt. Cairo insists that this violates the 1979 treaty between the two states.
A retaliatory response to China: the US policy in the Asia-Pacific and Central Asia
Authors: Breslavtseva Alexandra
Published: February 2025

This article continues the tradition to dwell upon the US-China rivalry that remains an essential focus of researchers in the XXI century. The People's Republic of China, which disposing of growing economic possibilities and huge military manpower became a strategic threat in the eyes of American policymakers. Thus, the US strategy toward the PRC ranged from “involvement” to “containment” over decades. Today Sino-American relationships represent a complex combination of competition and cooperation. The Asia Pacific region in the given context is analyzed in terms of issues concerning the South China Sea and the US attempts to promote «freedom of navigation» and contain China’s ambitions mentioned in the Salami tactics in 2010. While the American strategic vision of the Central Asia region is in the way of change. This article is concerned with analyzing running confrontation in regional terms, considering that the Asia Pacific region is playing a key role in the competition, whereby Central Asia redefines its place globally since the Belt and Road Initiative started. Chinese regional activity requires the US's adequate response, for this reason, the article examines the imperatives of the two global powers and provides a perspective for the US regional policy toward Asia-Pacific and Central Asian regions.
AFRICOM against the islamist terrorism in Africa
Authors: Parkhomenko Valentin
Published: February 2025

The article delves into the issues of islamist terrorism in Sub Saharan Africa. The author analyzes the factors, contributing to its rise, notable jihadist groups, operating in the region, counterterrorist efforts by U.S.  military Command in Africa (AFRICOM) and its implication for regional security.
Non-isothermal mathematical model of blocking tecnogenic fractures
Authors: Kasperovich A. M. , Shevelev A. P. , Gilmanov A. Ya.
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, large oil fields have moved to the stage of declining production, to maintain reservoir pressure, it is necessary to apply flooding technologies. To maintain the previous rates of oil production, it is necessary to force selections by increasing the value of downhole pressure on the injection wells. However, the risks of exceeding the fracturing pressure are increasing, which can lead to the formation of technogenic fractures. An intensive increase in the fracture can lead to an increase in the risks of premature water reaching through it into the drainage zone of the producing wells, which will lead to an increase in the value of the water oil ratio. The analysis of current numerical mathematical models of colmatation of technogenic fracture has shown the status of determining the volume of leaks of the colmatation agent beyond the fracture, considering changes in the temperature field at the bottom of the injection well. This problem is relevant, since special research complexes have been conducted at several oil and gas fields to determine the growth of technogenic fractures that arose because of excess fracturing pressure and fell into the drainage zone of producing wells. A change in the temperature field of the reservoir will allow direct changes in the viscosity of the injected colmatation agent, as well as determine the amount of leakage of the agent beyond the limits of the technogenic fractures. The article describes the construction of a non-isothermal physico-mathematical model of injection of a suspension system (water-reagent) into the reservoir, considering changes in the temperature field of the reservoir, the volume of reagent leaks beyond the limits of the technogenic fracture, considered for the first time. The aim of the work is to establish the dependences of the leakage volume of the colmatation agent, the critical time of filling the fracture from changes in the temperature field at the bottom of the injection well. A nonisothermal reservoir simulation model has been constructed showing the stages of initiation of a technogenic fracture with its subsequent colmation. The distribution of the concentration of the colmatation reagent both in the fracture and outside it, depending on the change in the temperature field at the bottom of the well, is obtained. It is determined that the volume of reagent leaks decreases if changes in the temperature field at the bottom of the injection well are considered with identical well operation parameters and geological and physical characteristics of the formation.
Production of J/ψ within the Soft Gluon Resummation Approach and Nonrelativistic QCD
Authors: Saleev V. A. , Shilyaev K. K.
Published: February 2025

In our study we analyse prompt J/ψ production in proton-proton collisions within the Soft Gluon Resummation approach, collinear parton model and nonrelativistic QCD. We extract a set of long-distance matrix elements for octet color states from experimental data at √s = 200 GeV. We use the InEW scheme for matching cross section and description of J/ψ production in a domain of intermediate transverse momenta. We also provide prediction for J/ψ production using fitted matrix elements at the kinematics of SPD NICA.
Nonlinear equations of flexible plates deformations
Authors: Koifman K. G. , Lychev S. A.
Published: February 2025

Nonlinear equations of deformation of flexible plates are formulated in general nonorthogonal coordinates with taking into account incompatible local deformations. The following assumptions are used. 1. Displacements of the plate from the reference (self-stressed) shape are restricted by the kinematic hypotheses of Kirchhoff — Love. 2. Elementary volumes constituting the reference shape can be locally transformed into an unstressed state by means of a nondegenerate linear transformation (hypothesis of local discharging). 3. Transformations inverse to local unloading, referred to as implants, can be found from the solution of the evolutionary problem simulating the successive deposition of infinitely thin layers on the front boundary surface of the plate. Geometric spaces of affine connection that model the global stress-free reference shape are constructed. The following special cases are considered: Weitzenböck space (with non-zero torsion), Riemann space (with non-zero curvature) and Weyl space (with non-zero non-metricity).
Enhanced Antioxidant Activity of Vitis vinifera Extract Encapsulated in Nano Chitosan
Authors: Ahmed Eliza , Kumara S. G. Prasanna , Yallur Basappa C. , Patil Archana R. , Lakkegowda Yogesha , Nagesh B. V. , Adimule Vinayak M. , Batakurki Sheetal R.
Published: February 2025

Metals and minerals play an important role in maintaining a healthy human body. Various metals and minerals absorption in body are affected by the stress created due to reactive oxygen. Hence, it is essential for humans to supplement with a greater number of antioxidants. Polyphenols present in vegetables and fruits provide the antioxidants required for human diet. In recent years, biopolymers have gained tremendous interest in our daily life due to their enhanced pharmacological activity. The biopolymer like chitosan displays wide range of applications. On the other hand, natural plant extracts also gained considerable attention for their potential to treat various diseases. The plant extract encapsulation with chitosan may enhance the enzymatic activity and present study focuses on extraction of phytochemicals from leaf of Vitis vinifera and encapsulation of these phytochemicals in nano chitosan. Tender grape leaf (Vitis vinifera) are rich sources of antioxidant properties and can be extracted using various solvents like methanol, water in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2. Phytochemicals present in the Vitis vinifera extract act as reducing and capping agents while the nano-chitosan act as stabilizers. Leaf extract was carried out in Soxhlet apparatus using methanol as solvent. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR was used to confirm the functional groups presence, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to study the surface morphology of the prepared material. Free radical scavenging activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method using UV-visible Spectrometer were carried out for the prepared materials. The enhanced antioxidant property was achieved using a combination of Vitis vinifera extract and chitosan.
Modelling of Super Alloy with Different Alloying Elements Using Multi-Scale Designer
Authors: Lakshmi V. Jaya , Subramanian K. R. V.
Published: February 2025

Super alloys are alloys that can be used at 0.7 times of their melting temperature and will usually operate in the range of 1050oC to 1200oC. It becomes important that the high temperature alloys should possess high strength, creep resistance, resistance to oxidation, corrosion resistance and also good fatigue strength. The materials that exhibit these properties are usually termed as the super alloys and the nickel based alloys are the main class of super alloys and hence, they are widely used in the turbines, combustion chamber linings of jet engines, heat treatment plants, chemical plants and so on. Among the many nickel based alloys, Inconel 718 is one of the strongest alloy and is widely used because of the high corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance. Inconel 718 and Nimonic superalloy processing is important to understand and has relevance to the mineral processing and mining industry. In the present work, we are trying to characterize the Nimonic 80A base alloy using Altair Multi Scale Designer tool by adding alloying elements one at a time and observe the strengthening effects in approaching the final composition of Inconel 718. The alloying elements used in the study are Mo, Nb, Al and Ti.
Geometry Driven Hall Effect Analysis for Development of a Sensitive Hall Effect Sensor
Authors: Singh Sarvesh , Subramanian K. R. V.
Published: February 2025

Hall voltage and Hall resistance manifest, as various metals and semiconductors are exposed to electric and magnetic fields in specific directions. In this work, we first generated the classical Hall effect and then attempted to generate the quantum Hall effect in various metallic thin films, to analyze the generated Hall resistance. This analysis provides the backbone for building the sensor. The Hall voltage developed depends on parameters like input current, magnetic field, input voltage, and distance of magnets from the specimen. Studies suggest that there is linearity between magnetic field and Hall voltage induced. Hall effect studies have importance in determining basic magnetic properties of metals and useful in metallurgical and mining industry. This implies that 0.5 mm thickness is not sufficient to induce the quantum Hall effect and the dimension of the sample must be reduced to much less than 0.5mm so that we can observe a staircase pattern as observed in Quantum Hall effect.
Comparative Studies on Nano-Enhanced PCM (Ne-PCM) for Solar Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Deshpande Pradnya , Jyothilakshmi R.
Published: February 2025

Widely used applications using Nano-enhanced Phase Change Materials (Ne-PCM) are the focused area of research in the trending modern technologies. Because of two main factors, researchers are compelled to study about Ne-PCMs. One important factor is the usage and storage of non-renewable energy sources. As it is a globally accepted fact that traditional energy sources, i.e., fossil fuels, and natural gases are the main cause of global warming and concerning the time they are extinguishing soon, this fact has led to the idea of using renewable energy sources, especially solar energy. But solar energy is intermittent and unpredictable so this energy must be stored in the form of latent heat or sensible heat using PCMs. In the flow of the study, it is observed that PCMs are lacking few thermophysical properties to achieve the desired results, for example, these materials have low conductivity. This fact gave rise to the idea of enhancing the properties of these phase-change materials. There are many methods to improve the material’s thermos-physical properties. Few to tell about encapsulation of the material, insertion of nanoparticles to the material, usage of fins, etc. An appropriate method can be selected based on the application and material properties. The present paper studies one of the methods of insertion of nanoparticles to enhance the properties of phase change materials. It will focus on the properties of PCMs, the usage of nanoparticles to enhance PCM’s properties, and how they can be used to store solar energy in various methods. Present paper focuses on the study of Organic, inorganic and eutectic phase change materials and its property enhancement using various metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles to store the energy.
Comparison of Conventional to the Vedic Mathematics System: Through Statistical Analysis of Pre and Post Test Result
Authors: Khubnani Rashi , Sharma Tarunika , Kumar Vijaya , Ahuja Ishika
Published: February 2025

Any business, like mining, where observation and procedure call for a lot of fast calculations, must prioritize speed and accuracy. India has a wealth of minerals, and government agencies such as NMDC actively participate in the process of extracting minerals from ore. However, our methods must be tweaked. Quick calculations are necessary for field work. Compared to the standard approach, the vedic mathematics system is incredibly rapid and easy to use. The goal of the work was to compare the vedic mathematics system to the conventional system, through the performance of group of students in terms of accuracy and speed in a pre-test and post-test on basic mathematics multiplication. Mathematics test was conducted before and after workshop on vedic mathematics, for 25 students from the Department of Mathematics of first year from Satya Sai Women College Bhopal. The outcomes demonstrated that the students result in the test after workshop was remarkably better than in the test before workshop in terms of speed and accuracy in spite of the fact that the vedic methods were newly introduced to them and conventional methods were known to them from long time. Statistical analysis was done which shows that vedic math’s increases speed and accuracy by significant difference and students were happy to use vedic math’s methods.
Wpływ wgniatania ziaren materiału podsadzkowego w skałę typu łupkowego na efektywność podsadzenia szczeliny w zabiegach stymulacyjnych wybranego złoża niekonwencjonalnego
Authors: Masłowski Mateusz
Published: February 2025

The scientific aim of the work was to investigate the effect of the phenomenon of indenting
the proppant grains into the shale rock on the effective propped of the created fracture,
after the hydraulic fracturing of the unconventional deposits. Determining the depth of the
indentations of the proppant grains into the rock deposit and damage to the fracture wall
surface allowed for the assessment of the proppant backing of the fracture, depending on
the susceptibility of the rock to the phenomenon of embedment.
The sample of the rock from unconventional formation of hydrocarbons was selected
for the tests: Silurian clay-bituminous shale from the Baltic Basin, the “gas shale” type. On
the basis of the collected geological and deposit data and the determined geomechanical
properties of the rock, appropriate parameters of the fracturing fluid and the proppant
material were selected.
Laboratory simulations of the phenomenon of embedment were carried out for rock
shale type, both dry and saturated with fracturing fluid. The research took into account the
deposit conditions similar to the conditions of selected formation (i.e. temperature and
compressive stress), as well as different surface concentration of the proppant material.
The damaged faces of the cores were observed using the microscopic method and on
this basis, the parameters characterizing the phenomenon of embedment were determined,
including an impression of the rock material. The results of the experiments allowed to determine
the impact of the unfavorable phenomenon of embedment on the effectiveness of
propping the fracture for selected unconventional deposits of Poland. The most important
parameters were the effective width of the fracture and the effective contact surface of the
fracture face with the proppant layer. The amount of the impressions of the rock material
on the rock surface was also considered as a very important indicator.
Additionally, theoretical calculations of the width of the fracture filled with the proppant
were carried out for the four selected surface concentration. A scheme for classifying the
effectiveness of the fracture’s filling, on the basis of the rock resistance to the phenomenon of
embedment, was also proposed.
The performed analyzes allow for a more detailed understanding of the impact of the
unfavorable phenomenon of embedment, taking into account the impression of the rock material,
on the initial assessment of the effectiveness of the fracture’s propped, for the proposed
stimulation treatment technology.
As a result of the work, the methodology of the analysis and interpretation of the obtained
results was developed, and statistical methods were selected to estimate the uncertainty of the
measured and calculated values.
Keywords: embedment, shale, proppant, reservoir stimulation, hydraulic fracturing
Neural network-based prediction of incident atrial fibrillation using the trans-thoracic echocardiography parameters: a prospective study
Authors: Kotlyarov Stanislav N. , Lyubavin Alexandr V.
Published: February 2025

Background: Myocardial remodeling facilitates the development and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) is an available and easily reproducible method for assessment of patients with cardiovascular disorders. The evaluation of TTE parameters with a neural network-based program (NN) could be used for early detection of AF in asymptomatic patients.
Aim: To establish the potential of a previously developed NN to predict the incident AF in the patients with no past history of heart arrhythmias.
Methods: The study was based on the electrocardiographic data from electronic case record forms of 256 patients (mean age 63.47 ± 16.21 years, 151 (58.98%) women) with no past history of AF, who were treated in the in-patient Department of Cardiology in 2022. The TTE parameters (ascending aorta and left atrium diameters, left ventricular end-diastolic size, pulmonary artery diameter, maximal thickness of the anterior and posterior left ventricular walls in the diastole, transverse diameter of the right atrium, aortal, mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation grade, left ventricular ejection fraction) were processed by the NN “Prediction of atrial fibrillation based on the trans-thoracic echocardiography data” (Russian state registration certificate for the computer software #2023662423 from 07.06.2023). Depending on the NN output values, the patients were divided into three groups: with a high probability of incident AF (n = 48; NN output value ≤ 0.33), with an intermediate probability of incident AF (n = 185, NN output value 0.34 to 0.66), and with a low probability (n = 23, NN output values ≥ 0.67). The patients were followed up to March 1, 2024 based on their electronic medical records (endpoints: referrals due to AF, AF mentioned as a complication of the underlying disease or as a concomitant disorder, cardiovascular death).
Results: The median time of the follow-up was 16 [14; 21] months. During the study period, AF developed in 8/48 (16%) patients with the NN values ≤ 0.33 and in 4/185 (2.16%) patients with the NN values of 0.34 to 0.66, whereas no AF cases were registered in those with the NN values ≥ 0.67 (0/23). The cardiovascular death rate in the study groups was 17/48 (31.25%), 13/185 (3.78%), and 0/23 (0%), respectively (р 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for incident AF was 0.85, for death 0.84, and for the combination endpoint of incident AF + death 0.86.
Conclusion: The NN used in the study meets the goal of the binary differentiation, i. e. it allows to differentiate the heart structure and function typical for AF from those not typical for AF. Heart chamber dilatation, left ventricular systolic function and valvular regurgitation grade are associated with an increased risk of AF and death. The analysis of TTE parameters by the NN can be used for identification of patients at risk of incident AF with the goal of their additional work-up and monitoring.
Implementation of a Volume-Based Technique for Endotracheal Tube Cuff Inflation: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Brown Christopher , Jaiven Hannah , Hranchook Anne
Published: February 2025

Background:The goal of endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff inflation is to produce a pressure within the range of 20–30 cm H2O to ensure a proper seal against the trachea without compromising mucosal perfusion. The gold standard for the assessment of ETT cuff pressure is a handheld manometer; however, due to a lack of availability, this is rarely performed. Using a 10-mL syringe for cuff inflation is a common practice but can lead to overinflation and higher-than-recommended pressures.Objective:The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the incidence of ETT cuff overinflation and determine if an educational intervention advocating for lower volumes would reduce the occurrence.Method:The authors evaluated 50 ETT cuff pressures before and 50 after an educational intervention proposing the use of a 5-mL syringe for cuff inflation rather than a 10-mL syringe.Results:Median cuff pressure significantly decreased from 60 cm H2O in the preintervention phase to 30 cm H2O in the postintervention phase using 5-mL syringes, a 50% decrease (p< .001).Conclusion:This project demonstrated that an educational presentation recommending a 5-mL syringe for ETT cuff inflation resulted in a significant reduction of cuff pressures.Implications for Nursing:Nurse anesthetists should be aware of the risk of overinflation of endotracheal tube cuffs. Implementing a volume-based inflation method into current practice will decrease this incidence and the harmful sequelae associated with high cuff pressure.
Rates of Male and Female Physical Victimization and Perpetration in Intimate Relationships: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Lysova Alexandra , Hanson Kenzie , Mackay Jennifer
Published: February 2025

This review updates the rates of male and female victimization and perpetration in intimate relationships, building on the comprehensive reviews conducted by Desmarais et al. (2012a,b) over a decade ago. Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a serious social, public health, and criminological issue in many countries worldwide. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022 has exacerbated the matter further. Using a methodology similar to the 2012 reviews, this review reexamined the prevalence of male and female physical IPV in industrialized, English-speaking countries over the past 10 years. We also investigated whether study characteristics affected prevalence rates. In addition, our review compared IPV rates from 2000 to 2010 (Desmarais et al., 2012a, b) with those from 2011 to 2022 (this review). Literature searches were extended to nine databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Academic Search Premier. We included 246 articles reporting 517 rates of physical IPV victimization and/or perpetration. Most studies were conducted in the United States (n= 162, 65.9%) and used a Conflict Tactics Scale-based measurement tool (n= 158, 64.2%). Across studies, approximately one in seven women (14.6%) and one in eight men (11.8%) experienced IPV victimization, with an overall prevalence of 13.9%. While the gender gap in victimization between men and women has narrowed slightly over time (from 3.8 percentage points to 3.0 percentage points), there has been a remarkable 38% decrease in victimization rates compared with those found in the study by Desmarais et al. (2012a), which were 23.1% for women and 19.3% for men, with an overall pooled prevalence estimate of 22.4%. Conversely, we found that approximately one in six women (17.5%) and one in nine men (10.6%) had perpetrated physical IPV, with an overall prevalence of 12.9%. Consistent with previous reviews, pooled prevalence was slightly greater for female- compared with male-perpetrated physical IPV. The gender gap in IPV perpetration has narrowed slightly from 6.7 percentage points in the study by Desmarais et al. (2012b) to 4.9 percentage points in the current review. Additionally, there has been a substantial 48% decline in perpetration rates, including a 51% decline for men and a 45% decline for women, compared with the results of Desmarais et al. (2012b), which reported 28.3% for women and 21.6% for men, with an overall pooled prevalence estimate of 24.8%. Our findings indicate a notable improvement in addressing IPV in industrialized, English-speaking countries over the past 10 years, which is consistent with other studies. However, there remains a continuing need to address and prevent IPV using evidence-informed approaches that support all perpetrators and victims, regardless of gender.
Victimization of Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Narrative Review of Prevalence Rates, Adverse Outcomes, Protective Factors, and Suggestions for Future Research
Authors: Flick Cassandra
Published: February 2025

Victimization is a common but unfortunate reality, with sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals at an increased risk of various forms of victimization compared with the heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. This disproportionate victimization of SGMs increases the likelihood that these individuals will experience adverse mental, physical, and educational outcomes. Some scholars have explored potential protective factors, specific to SGMs, that may be associated with a decreased risk of victimization and/or subsequent adverse outcomes. The present article provides readers with a narrative review of the relevant literature on these topics by examining prevalence rates of SGM victimization, common adverse consequences experienced by SGMs, and empirically examined protective factors for SGMs that show some evidence of effectiveness. The article ends with a discussion of suggestions for future research.
Modes of Dating Violence in Young Adults Within Pakistani Culture: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Rehman Sadaf , Saleem Sadia , Zahra Sayyeda Taskeen , Jabeen Ayesha
Published: February 2025

In the Pakistani cultural context, dating violence is a pervasive issue that poses significant risks to mental health. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences and expressions of young adults who have faced dating violence, with a focus on informing counseling and early intervention. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis of semistructured interviews with 10 young adults (5 men and 5 women) aged 18–25 years, we identified superordinate themes of psychological, emotional, and physical modes of dating violence. Subordinate themes revealed a range of controlling and manipulating, stalking and surveillance, intimidating, isolation, communication gap, exploiting emotional dependency, ridiculing, lowering self-esteem and identity erosion, emotional distancing and neglect, humiliation and degradation, devaluation and defame, physical assault and injury, property damage, coercing or attempting sexual contact, and restraining and confinement. Our findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive intervention of dating violence in Pakistan including the integration of psychological support and emotional counseling, where societal pressure, family expectations, and gender roles exacerbate the abuse. This study contributes significantly to the understanding of dating violence in Pakistan and underscores the importance of tailored interventions to mitigate its devastating effects on mental health.
Ediciones críticas de mujeres: cartografías, genealogías y constelaciones. Reflexiones desde la teoría, la práctica y la pedagogía
Authors:   University of Notre Dame, Miseres Vanesa , Morales-Pino Ainaí ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Published: February 2025

En un mundo literario donde las voces de las mujeres han sido históricamente silenciadas o relegadas a los márgenes, la reedición de obras de escritoras latinoa­mericanas se erige, a simple vista, como un acto de reivindicación y redescubrimiento. Pero ¿qué significa realmente reeditar una obra? Es un proceso que va más allá de la simple reimpresión; implica abrir un diálogo con el pasado, cuestionar las narrativas establecidas y repensar el valor de aquellas voces que, a menudo, han quedado ais­ladas en la penumbra.
Reinserción de Páginas del Ecuador en la historia del pensamiento decimonónico
Authors: Astudillo-Figueroa Alexandra
Published: February 2025

Estas reflexiones están orientadas a analizar el proceso editorial que ha tenido la obra de Marietta de Veintemilla (1856-1907), Páginas del Ecuador, divulgada por primera vez en Lima, en 1890. Se examina la reacción que provocó esta publicación en el Ecuador, a través de la revisión de algunos libros y folletos reivindicativos de los actores políticos mencionados en la obra y del prólogo a una única reedición completa de 1982. Estas exploraciones nos permiten argumentar sobre los criterios que se esgrimieron para evaluar la obra y su consecuente marginalización del corpus bibliográfico nacional. Sostenemos que las reproducciones parciales que se han hecho del capítulo cuatro de la obra han reducido la imagen de la autora a la de modelo arcaico de feminidad combativa, impidiendo que se pueda valorar en el texto la propuesta de un pensamiento crítico, liberal y actualizado para la época. La falta de un estudio crítico no sesgado ha privado al texto y a su autora de ocupar el lugar que se merecen dentro de la historia de la literatura y del pensamiento ecuatoriano del siglo XIX. Volver a poner en circulación el texto permitiría recuperar, para la historia literaria, sociológica y política del Ecuador decimonónico, la posición de una mujer de pensamiento avanzado para el tiempo en el que vivió.
Gabriela Mistral, Palma Guillén y Consuelo Saleva: “hijitas” y “guagüitas” queridas
Authors:   West Texas A&M Universit, Romero Quintana Lau
Published: February 2025

El archivo al que se accede después del fallecimiento de Doris Dana (en el 2006) ha abierto nuevas formas de leer e interpretar la trayectoria personal y profesional de Gabriela Mistral. Este estudio discute un corpus de cartas escritas por/entre Gabriela Mistral, Palma Guillén y Consuelo Saleva, con el propósito de: a) reflexionar sobre el rol de la edición de un archivo disidente y b) dar visibilidad a personajes cuya participación en la vida de la Nobel fue instrumental, tanto en su éxito como en sus derrotas.
La fisura. Autoras venezolanas del postgomecismo en el canon literario nacional, representación, luchas y derechos
Authors:   Universidad Central de Venezuela, Baptista S. Niyireé S.
Published: February 2025

En 1945, Julián Padrón realizó una antología de narradores venezolanos titulada Cuentistas modernos, que formaba parte de la Biblioteca Popular de autores que había encomendado la Dirección de Cultura del despacho del Ministerio de Educación. La finalidad de la Biblioteca —además de tener carácter divulgativo entre la población popular venezolana— era dar a conocer la literatura del país. Un hecho importante que pasó desapercibido es que, en aquella compilación, figuraban los cuentos de seis escritoras venezolanas: Lucila Palacios, Graciela Rincón Calcaño, Ada Pérez Guevara, Lourdes Morales, Blanca Rosa López y Dinorah Ramos. Para la fecha, esta fue una de las primeras antologías nacionales que incluían a seis escritoras, una cantidad que, aunque exigua, en comparación a los autores masculinos, significó un hito en la publicación de mujeres dentro de la literatura nacional.
Adela Zamudio. Selected Poetry & Prose. Bilingual Edition. Translated from the Spanish by Lynette Yetter. Portland: Fuente Fountain Books, 2022. 320 pp.
Authors:   Northwestern University, Sartelli Silvina
Published: February 2025

El rescate de las voces feministas del siglo xix y principios del xx, tantas veces aca-lladas y olvidadas, es un noble trabajo que muchos académicos y editores han em-prendido en época reciente. En el ámbito latinoamericano, la recuperación de estas figuras pioneras de los discursos a favor de los derechos de la mujer ha dado lugar a la visibilización de nombres como Juana Manuela Gorriti, Eduarda Mansilla, Flora Tristán o Clorinda Matto de Turner.
María Luisa Carnelli. Antología. Poemas, tangos y crónica. Selección, estudio preliminar y notas de Florencia Abbate. Buenos Aires: Universidad del Salvador, 2024. 180 pp.
Authors:   University of Notre Dame, Miseres Vanesa
Published: February 2025

Si los años noventa y el auge de los estudios de género, así como el surgimiento de los estudios culturales y de las lecturas a la luz de la “comunidad imaginada” de Benedict Anderson impulsaron la reedición y antologación de los textos de escritoras del siglo xix para insertar a la mujer en los debates sobre las identidades nacionales, la nueva “marea” feminista del siglo xxi ha sido fundamental para la historización del movi-miento en América Latina y el consecuente rescate de las primeras voces feministas del continente a comienzos del siglo xx
Educação a distância como fator de agravamento da estratificação horizontal na educação superior
Authors: Scudeler Marcelo Augusto , Silva Cássio José de Oliveira , Salles Gustavo Cassiano Bueno de
Published: February 2025

Com a expansão da oferta de cursos na modalidade a distância, o segmento privado da educação superior direciona este formato para público com menor poder aquisitivo e acima da idade considerada ideal, provocando um agravamento do processo de estratificação horizontal da educação superior. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os efeitos do crescimento das matrículas na modalidade a distância no processo de estratificação e diferenciação da educação superior. Trata-se de um estudo de base bibliográfica, com forte lastro em dados quantitativos para identificar o perfil do alunado dos cursos na modalidade a distância. Pretende-se demonstrar que o crescimento da educação a distância agravou o processo de estratificação da educação superior.
Do compromisso público ao mimetismo mercantil
Authors: Fioreze Cristina , Pires André , Schaeffer Olmiro Cristiano Lara
Published: February 2025

As Instituições Comunitárias de Educação Superior (ICES) são organizações da sociedade civil. A lei que as define, de 2013, estabelece que as instituições assim qualificadas se equiparam às IES públicas no acesso a editais de fomento e repasse de recursos públicos. Os avanços legais não apresentaram efeitos significativos. A educação superior brasileira tem se tornado um negócio lucrativo, com concentração de matrículas em poucas IES mercantis, que ofertam cursos com mensalidades baixas, predominantemente em EAD. Instaura-se um cenário de competição dentro do setor privado, contribuindo para a crise do segmento comunitário, que busca reposicionar-se. O artigo verifica a hipótese de que tal reposicionamento é caracterizado por um movimento de isomorfismo mimético das ICES em direção ao segmento privado com fins lucrativos (PCFL). Apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa nos microdados do Censo da Educação Superior de 2015, 2019 e 2022, comparando as ICES com as instituições PCFL e as públicas. Embora a análise tenha limites decorrentes das informações disponíveis, foi possível encontrar o mimetismo referido, com destaque para os indicadores sobre a queda das matrículas presenciais e a aposta no ensino a distância, bem como a participação significativa de professores horistas na composição do corpo docente. No entanto, verificou-se também a presença do chamado isomorfismo coercitivo, quando as instituições se adequam de maneira parecida aos processos de avaliação e regulação do Estado, observado principalmente nos indicadores sobre a titulação e o regime de trabalho parcial e integral do corpo docente.
Trayectorias educativas, dilemas y estrategias de jóvenes universitarios de BECA 18
Authors: Rodríguez González Yolanda , Correa Solís Omar
Published: February 2025

El artículo busca aportar a un entendimiento sobre los jóvenes de entornos vulnerables y sus experiencias de acceso a la educación superior en el Perú. Para ello presenta las trayectorias educativas de siete jóvenes becarios del programa nacional BECA 18 del inicio a la conclusión de sus estudios. La investigación longitudinal de enfoque cualitativo se basa en entrevistas a profundidad aplicadas en tres etapas de observación de las trayectorias educativas de los becarios a lo largo de sus estudios en tres universidades privadas en la ciudad de Lima. El estudio tiene el objetivo de comprender los principales dilemas generados en ciertas etapas decisivas de sus trayectorias dentro de dos nuevos espacios: las universidades privadas y la ciudad de Lima. Proponemos que tales dilemas son eventos críticos que se originan en la tensión entre su procedencia social, su subjetividad y las condiciones de los nuevos espacios por los que transitan. Frente a estos, consideramos a los becarios como actores plurales que ponen en marcha diversos repertorios y estrategias para afrontarlos. En este proceso, las redes de parentesco extendido en la ciudad permiten soporte económico y afectivo para estos jóvenes migrantes en su primera etapa universitaria; las familias son unidades productivas y referentes simbólicos de los que incorporan la alta valoración sobre la educación, además del sacrificio personal y la disciplina que esta conlleva para sectores marcados por la pobreza y la exclusión.