bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SoyDBean: a database for SNPs reconciliation by multiple versions of soybean reference genomes
Authors: Lee Yejin , Woo Dong U , Kang Yang Jae
Published: September 2023

Due to the development of sequence technology and decreased cost, many whole genome sequences have been obtained. As a result, extensive genetic variations have been discovered from many populations and germplasms to understand the genetic diversity of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). However, assessing the quality of variation is essential because the published variants were collected using different bioinformatic methods and parameters. Furthermore, despite the enhanced genome contiguity and more efficient filling of “N” stretches in the new reference genome, there remains a dearth of endeavors to verify the caliber of variations present in it. The primary goal of this research was to discern a dependable set of SNPs that can withstand reconciliation across multiple reference genomes. Additionally, the investigation aimed to reconfirm the variations through the utilization of numerous whole genome sequencing data obtained from publicly available databases. Based on the result, we created datasets that comprised the thoroughly verified SNP coordinates between the reference assemblies. The resulting “SoyDBean” database is now publicly accessible through the following URL: http://soydbean.plantprofile.net/.
Abnormal neonatal brain microstructure in gestational diabetes mellitus revealed by MRI texture analysis
Authors: Feng Zhi , Zheng Yurong , Wang Ping , Xue Liang , Yu Mingling , Deng Zhitao , Lei Xiaoping , Chen Guangxiang
Published: September 2023

To investigate the value of MRI texture analysis in evaluating the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on neonatal brain microstructure development, we retrospectively collected images of neonates undergoing head MRI scans, including a GDM group (N1 = 37) and a healthy control group (N2 = 34). MaZda texture analysis software was used to extract the texture features from different sequence images and perform dimensionality reduction, and then the texture features selected by the lowest misjudgement rate method were imported into SPSS software for statistical analysis. In our study, we found that GDM affects the development of the microstructure of the neonatal brain, and different combinations of texture features have different recognition performances, such as different sequences and different brain regions. As a consequence, texture analysis combining multiple conventional MRI sequences has a high recognition performance in revealing the abnormal development of the brain microstructure of neonates born of mothers with GDM.
Quantized valley Hall response from local bulk density variations
Authors: Jamotte Maxime , Peralta Gavensky Lucila , Morais Smith Cristiane , Di Liberto Marco , Goldman Nathan
Published: September 2023

The application of a mechanical strain to a 2D material can create pseudo-magnetic fields and lead to a quantized valley Hall effect. However, measuring valley-resolved effects remains a challenging task due to their inherent fragility and dependence on the sample’s proper design. Additionally, non-local transport probes based on multiterminal devices have often proven to be inadequate in yielding conclusive evidence of the valley Hall signal. Here, we introduce an alternative way of detecting the quantized valley Hall effect, which entirely relies on local density measurements, performed deep in the bulk of the sample. The resulting quantized signal is a genuine Fermi sea response, independent of the edge physics, and reflects the underlying valley Hall effect through the Widom-Středa formula. Specifically, our approach is based on measuring the variation of the particle density, locally in the bulk, upon varying the strength of the applied strain. This approach to the quantized valley Hall effect is particularly well suited for experiments based on synthetic lattices, where the particle density (or integrated density of states) can be spatially resolved.
Green synthesis of Mesona Blumes gum capped silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant, antibacterial and catalytic studies
Authors: Yahyai Walaa Abdullah Sulaiman Al , Isai Aya Ali Sulaiman Al , Alotibi Mohammed F , G Bhagavanth Reddy , Al-Abri Mohammed , Pejjai Babu , Devunuri Nagaraju , Kumar Nadavala Siva , Al-Fatesh Ahmed S. , Osman Ahmed I. , Seku Kondaiah
Published: September 2023

Schematic representation of MB@AgNPs and their catalytic applications.
Investigation of a two-dimensional photovoltaic thermal system using hybrid nanofluids and a rotating cylinder
Authors: Akram Mohammad , Memon Abid A. , Memon M. Asif , Obalalu A. M. , Khan Umair
Published: September 2023

This article focuses on a numerical investigation aimed at enhancing the electrical performance of a two-dimensional photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) through the application of cooling using hybrid nanofluids.
Hydrogen-evolving photocathodes consisting of Cu2SnxGe1−xS3 particles synthesized by polymerized complex method and sulphurization
Authors: Kageshima Yosuke , Ooka Yusuke , Kumagai Hiromu , Takagi Fumiaki , Teshima Katsuya , Domen Kazunari , Nishikiori Hiromasa
Published: September 2023

Facile approach to synthesizing a Cu2SnxGe1−xS3 photocatalyst was developed, based on sulphurization of particulate oxide precursors prepared by a polymerized complex method.
Understanding creep suppression mechanisms in polymer nanocomposites through machine learning
Authors: Yang Entao , Pressly James F. , Natarajan Bharath , Colby Robert , Winey Karen I. , Riggleman Robert A.
Published: September 2023

Two independent processes govern polymer dynamics in polymer nanocomposites under creep deformation.
Unboxing the treasure chest: tinkering proteins beyond the natural repertoire
Authors: Jann Cosimo , Lemke Edward A.
Published: September 2023

Proteins are the molecular machineries of life, and engineering them in order to probe and tailor biological function has long remained pure imagination. Cracking the genetic code, the blueprint of proteins, gave the spark to turn precise protein engineering into reality, and even to explore new designer genetic codes. Organisms in all kingdoms of life evolved a highly similar genetic code, which defines how genetic information is translated into proteins. Only a small set of 20 so-called canonical amino acids are used by ribosomes to build proteins. Is the genetic code in this form key to all lives, no matter where in the universe it evolved? Already on Earth we find two powerful exceptions. Selenocysteine represents the 21st canonical amino acid and can even be found in some human proteins. Pyrrolysine is termed the 22nd proteogenic amino acid and has been identified, e.g., in archaeal organisms that grow in anaerobic environments, such as the sludge of a lake or the paunch of a cow. So if one could expand the genetic code even further, proteins could be generated consisting partially or even entirely of artificial amino acid polymers, giving rise to a large diversity of novel natural and unnatural functions. In fact, this future is already present, with genetic code expansion representing a powerful technique which allows to equip proteins with hundreds of non-canonical amino acids, including ones that do not exist in nature. This opens a treasure chest of entirely new protein structures and functionalities. Despite the great potential for biotechnology and medicine, installing a new genetic code, especially in human cells, still bears major challenges. Our laboratory, among others, strives to develop new strategies to expand the genetic code inside of living cells and, at the same time, maintain their native genetic code. Come and join us for this brief journey through the milestones of protein engineering, up to the latest breakthroughs in encoding non-natural chemical properties, and you may get as excited as we are about where protein engineering is heading in the upcoming years.
Morphological evidence for nanoflares heating warm loops in the solar corona
Authors: Bi Yi , Yang Jia-Yan , Qin Ying , Qiang Zheng-Ping , Hong Jun-Chao , Yang Bo , Xu Zhe , Liu Hui , Ji Kai-Fan
Published: September 2023

Context.Nanoflares are impulsive energy releases that occur due to magnetic reconnection in the braided coronal magnetic field, which is a potential mechanism for heating the corona. However, there are still sporadic observations of the interchange of braiding structure segments and footpoints inside coronal loops, which is predicted to be the morphological evolution of the reconnecting magnetic bundles in the nanoflare picture.

Aims.This work aims to detect the evolutions of the pairs of braiding strands within the apparent single coronal loops observed in Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) images.

Methods.The loop strands were detected on two kinds of upsampled AIA 193 Å images, which were obtained by upscaling the point spread function matched AIA images via bicubic interpolation and were generated using a super-resolution convolutional neural network. The architecture of the network is designed to map the AIA images to unprecedentedly high spatial resolution coronal images taken by the High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) during its brief flight.

Results.At times, pairs of separate strands that appear braided together later evolved into pairs of almost parallel strands with completely exchanged parts. These evolutions offer morphological evidence that magnetic reconnections between the braiding strands have taken place, which is further supported by the appearance of transient hot emissions containing significant high-temperature components (T > 5 MK) at the footpoints of the braiding structures.

Conlusions.The brief appearances of the two rearranging strands support the idea that magnetic reconnections have occurred within what appears to be a single AIA loop.
Iron Kα echoes from the circumnuclear disk orbiting Sɡr A⋆
Authors: Stel Giovanni , Ponti Gabriele , Haardt Francesco
Published: September 2023

Context. Molecular clouds in the Galactic center (GC) reprocess radiation from past outbursts of nearby high-energy sources, generating a bright Fe Kα fluorescence at 6.4 keV. The closest clouds to the GC are only ≃1.5 pc from Sgr A⋆, forming a torus-like structure known as the circumnuclear disk (CND). The study of fluorescence emission can lead to a characterization of the illuminating source(s), the reflecting clouds, and the global geometry of such a system lying in the GC.

Aims. The primary purpose of our study is to analyze possible fluorescence signals arising in the CND. This signal would allow us to constrain the CND’s physical properties and the source-reflector system’s geometry.

Methods. By exploiting the last ≃20 yr of XMM-Newton observations of the GC, we studied the variability of the Fe Kα line in the region around Sgr A⋆. We identified regions with a flux excess and computed the spectrum therein. We then derived the hydrogen column density of the CND after relating the intensity of the 6.4 keV line to the total energy emitted by known transient sources in the region.

Results. Starting from data collected in 2019, we find significant line excesses in a region compatible with the eastern portion of the CND. The echo radiation can be linked to the 2013 outburst of the magnetar SGR J1745-2900. We derive a mean effective hydrogen column density of the CND in the eastern region of ≃1023 cm−2.

Conclusions. The scenario depicted is physically plausible, given the luminosity, the position of the illuminating source, and the expected density of the CND. Further observations could link the variability of the echo signal to the light curve of the illuminating source. In this way, it would be possible to characterize the cloud response to the radiation front, achieving a more accurate estimate of the cloud parameters.
Stellar model calibrations with the Ai Phe binary system
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S.
Published: September 2023

Aims. Relying on recently available and very precise observational data for the Ai Phe binary system, we explore the robustness of the calibration of stellar models achievable with this system.

Methods. We adopt the SCEPtER pipeline with a fitting grid of stellar models computed for different initial chemical compositions and convective core overshooting efficiencies. We investigated the impact of different assumptions about the surface efficiency of microscopic diffusion, whose efficiency is still debated in the mass range of the system. We obtained the fit of this system adopting two alternative scenarios. In the reference scenario, we allowed modification of the surface metallicity due to microscopic diffusion, while in the alternative scenario we assumed that competing mixing from other sources cancels out this effect.

Results. Due to the fact that the primary star has already experienced the first dredge-up while the secondary has not, the tested scenarios show interesting differences. While the estimated age is quite robust, changing from 4.70−0.14+0.13 Gyr to 4.62−0.06+0.13 Gyr, the calibration of the convective core overshooting parameter β reveals noticeable differences. The reference scenario suggests a wide multi-modal range of possible values of β, peaking around 0.10; on the contrary the alternative scenario computations point towards a sharp and lower β, peaking around 0.04.

Conclusions. The impossibility to obtain an unambiguous fit confirms the difficulty in achieving a sensible calibration of the free parameters of stellar models using binary systems, even when very accurate masses and radii are available. The results also suggest that the biases due to the assumptions underlying the stellar track computations may be different from one binary system to another.
An overview of differential models for corrosion of cultural heritage artefacts
Authors: Frasca-Caccia G. , Valentino C. , Colace F. , Conte D.
Published: September 2023

New technologies play a central role in damage prevention of artistic and cultural heritage. The literature is ourishing of mathematical models that describe the process of corrosion due to weathering and exposition to pollutants. These models consist of differential equations or partial differential equations that need to be solved approximately by numerical methods. This paper aims to describe the mathematical models in the literature and the numerical methods used for their solution. We focus in particular on the studies of corrosion of pieces of art made of stone, lime mortar concrete and metal.
Ultraschallgeführte lokalablative Verfahren zur Behandlung von Schilddrüsenläsionen
Authors: Richter Johannes-Paul , Richter Carl-Philip , Gröner Daniel
Published: September 2023

Ultraschallgeführte lokalablative Verfahren kommen als Ergänzung zur chirurgischen Therapie und Radiojodtherapie zunehmend in der Routinebehandlung von Schilddrüsenknoten zur Anwendung. Bei rein zystischen und überwiegend zystischen Herdbefunden liegen gute Erfahrungen mit der Instillationstherapie (Ethanol-/Polidocanol-Ablation) vor. Die neueren thermoablativen Techniken, zu denen die Radiofrequenzablation (RFA), die Mikrowellenablation (MWA), die Laserablation (LA) und der hochintensive fokussierte Ultraschall (HIFU) zählen, erreichen mittels Temperaturen von über 60 °C eine lokale Proteindenaturierung im Zielareal. Unter permanenter Ultraschallkontrolle kann so selektiv die Volumenreduktion lokal symptomatischer oder fokal hyperfunktioneller Befunde zur Erlangung von Beschwerdefreiheit induziert werden. Während bereits vielfältige Evidenz für die effektive und sichere Anwendung verschiedener lokalablativer Techniken geschaffen werden konnte, liegen künftige Herausforderungen in der Initiierung komparativer prospektiver Studien sowie standardisierter Curricula zur Schulung und kontinuierlichen Qualitätssicherung. Ferner wird es zukünftig angezeigt sein, die in Deutschland bei Patienten mitunter noch wenig bekannten lokalablativen Techniken im Aufklärungsgespräch als etablierte Alternative oder Ergänzung zu bestehenden Therapieformen anzuführen.
Global movement to reform researcher assessment gains traction
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: September 2023

One aim is to recognize a wider range of research contributions.
Coenzyme Q10 trapping in mitochondrial complex I underlies Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
Authors: Fuller Jack T. , Barnes Steven , Sadun Lorenzo A. , Ajmera Pujan , Alexandrova Anastassia N. , Sadun Alfredo A.
Published: September 2023

How does a single amino acid mutation occurring in the blinding disease, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), impair electron shuttling in mitochondria? We investigated changes induced by the m.3460 G>A mutation in mitochondrial protein ND1 using the tools of Molecular Dynamics and Free Energy Perturbation simulations, with the goal of determining the mechanism by which this mutation affects mitochondrial function. A recent analysis suggested that the mutation’s replacement of alanine A52 with a threonine perturbs the stability of a region where binding of the electron shuttling protein, Coenzyme Q10, occurs. We found two functionally opposing changes involving the role of Coenzyme Q10. The first showed that quantum electron transfer from the terminal Fe/S complex, N2, to the Coenzyme Q10 headgroup, docked in its binding pocket, is enhanced. However, this positive adjustment is overshadowed by our finding that the mobility of Coenzyme Q10 in its oxidized and reduced states, entering and exiting its binding pocket, is disrupted by the mutation in a manner that leads to conditions promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species. An increase in reactive oxygen species caused by the LHON mutation has been proposed to be responsible for this optic neuropathy.
Rethinking self, presence, and participation in online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: O’Neill Fiona , McGrath Timothy James
Published: September 2023

The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a learning experience for educators. While online learning is not new, the sudden loss of familiar cues has highlighted challenges for learners and teachers. This paper focuses on the significance of language in virtual classrooms in an Australian university in the narrative accounts elicited from five educators. The analysis drew on notions of activity types (Levinson, 1979), the dramaturgic self (Goffman, 1959), and learning as a reciprocal, meaning-making, and interpretive process (Scarino, 2014). The findings demonstrate that the participants responded to the challenges and possibilities they encountered by developing ways of rethinking self, presence, and participation in interaction with learners. We argue that this process involves an intercultural orientation to teaching and learning in online settings that is key to reflective practice, relationships of trust and shared understandings in teaching, learning, and knowing, well beyond the pandemic.
Acquisition of three Chinese de structures by English-speaking learners
Authors: Jin Wenhua , Yang Chunsheng , Zhang Yiping , He Wayne Wenchao
Published: September 2023

This study examines English speaking learners’ acquisition of three Chinese de structures, including Nominalization, Cleft, and Relative Clause. Our findings reveal different acquisition patterns for the three structures and identify several major factors such as structural similarities and differences between the native and second languages, feature configurations, native language transfer, memory factors such as the storage and integration cost, learner avoidance strategy, and motivation as role players in the learning process. This study presents new data and perspectives on the understanding of the second language acquisition of Chinese de structures, reveals the acquisitional effects of the identified major factors, proves the validity of Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (FRH) and Storage and Integration Resources Accounts (SIRA) as potential universal principles that affect the processing and acquisition of the second language, and provides theoretical and pedagogical implications for the fields of Chinese as a second language and second language acquisition in general as well.
An atmospheric pressure plasma afterglow to charge ultrafine aerosol particles
Authors: Vidwans Abhay , Dhawan Sukrant , Biswas Pratim
Published: September 2023

A novel flowing plasma system aimed at increasing charging efficiency of particulate matter and effective removal through electrostatic precipitation is studied. Nanoparticles are passed through the spatial afterglow of an atmospheric pressure radio-frequency glow discharge plasma. Particle charging efficiencies and polarities are measured at different plasma-aerosol gaps, aerosol and plasma flow rates, plasma powers, and afterglow DC bias. Various timescales are calculated to explain the transport of charge carriers that facilitate particle charging processes. The experimental results showed increased charging efficiency and net positive charging at longer gaps between the afterglow and aerosol stream and lower aerosol flow rates. Timescale analysis indicates that when ample residence time is provided, transport of charge carriers shifts from ambi-polar diffusion to free diffusion, and electrons are rapidly lost from the afterglow, resulting in highly efficient, net positive charging of particles. The charging efficiency of particles in optimized operating conditions was comparable or higher than reported collection efficiencies of electrostatic precipitators. The findings overall demonstrate that glow discharges are capable of charging particles not immersed in the plasma bulk, and such systems show promise for improving performance of particle mitigation technology.
Optimizing interstitial site luminescence via a sensitizer strategy towards green synthesis of Mn4+-activated fluoride phosphors
Authors: Yao Xintong , Kong Lingyu , Guan Gaoxuanyu , Hu Yuping , Luo Rui , Li Qiannan , Lang Tianchun , Han Tao , Liu Bitao
Published: September 2023

High water-soluble KHF2:Mn4+ (KHFM) is a potential precursor instead of K2MnF6 for preparation of Mn4+ doped fluoride materials, but it has a lower Mn4+ concentration in precursor causing a poor luminescence performance. Herein, we reported a Ti4+-doped KHFM phosphor with high luminous efficiency, high thermal stability via a sensitizer strategy. Significantly, the luminescence intensity of KHFM:xTi4+ (x = 0.8%) is increased by 4.6 times, besides, the maximum values of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased to 81% and 49%, respectively. Further, the weaker zero phonon line (ZPL) at 621 nm (1.997 eV) is accordingly highlighted with the increase of PL intensity after codoping Ti4+ content. These results indicate that introducing suitable ion to interstitial site as sensitizer can promote the introduction of Mn4+ in ion exchange process. Notably, the obtained KHFM:Ti4+, as a particular green precursor material instead of K2MnF6, develops a novel green synthetic route for preparing Mn4+-activated K2SiF6 fluoride phosphors, and is helpful in developing high-performance warm WLED.
A closed-form expression of electric polarizability for elliptical apertures excited by nonuniform electric field
Authors: Du Zhanpeng , Jiang Zhiye , Deng Zuoxing , Huang Jiancheng , Jiao Chongqing
Published: September 2023

It is well known that electric field penetration through a small aperture in a perfectly conducting plane behaviors like an electric dipole. When excited by uniform electric field, the dipole moment has analytical solution for elliptical apertures and numerical/experimental values for other shapes. In this paper, for the case of nonuniform field excitation, based on the electrostatic reciprocity theorem, the closed-form expression of electric dipole moment is derived for elliptical apertures. This expression is in integral form, and its integrand is the product of the nonuniform electric field distribution and the potential distribution when excited by uniform field in the aperture plane. Taking a point charge located on the aperture plane as an example of nonuniform field excitation, the dipole moment is calculated using the proposed closed-form expression. The validation is verified by comparisons with exact integral solution for circular apertures and with finite element simulations for elliptical apertures.
BM3D-based color computational ghost imaging
Authors: Zhao Ming , Zhang Xue-Dian , Zhang Rong-Fu
Published: September 2023

In this study, we develop a BM3D-based algorithm to improve the performance of color computational ghost imaging. Specifically, we respectively project the speckle patterns of red, green and blue onto the object. Then, we adopt the single-pixel photodetector to record the total light intensity reflected by the target object. Finally, we calculate the correlation between the light intensity sequence and the corresponding speckle patterns based on BM3D algorithm. Our simulation results show that the developed scheme can achieve high-quality reconstruction image even at low sampling ratio.
An ensemble deep-learning approach for single-trial EEG classification of vibration intensity
Authors: Alsuradi Haneen , Park Wanjoo , Eid Mohamad
Published: September 2023

Objective. Single-trial electroencephalography (EEG) classification is a promising approach to evaluate the cognitive experience associated with haptic feedback. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are among the most widely used deep learning techniques, have demonstrated their effectiveness in extracting EEG features for the classification of different cognitive functions, including the perception of vibration intensity that is often experienced during human-computer interaction. This paper proposes a novel CNN ensemble model to classify the vibration-intensity from a single trial EEG data that outperforms the state-of-the-art EEG models. Approach. The proposed ensemble model, named SE NexFusion, builds upon the observed complementary learning behaviors of the EEGNex and TCNet Fusion models, exhibited in learning personal as well generic neural features associated with vibration intensity. The proposed ensemble employs multi-branch feature encoders corroborated with squeeze-and-excitation units that enables rich-feature encoding while at the same time recalibrating the weightage of the obtained feature maps based on their discriminative power. The model takes in a single trial of raw EEG as an input and does not require complex EEG signal-preprocessing. Main results. The proposed model outperforms several state-of-the-art bench-marked EEG models by achieving an average accuracy of 60.7% and 61.6% under leave-one-subject-out and within-subject cross-validation (three-classes), respectively. We further validate the robustness of the model through Shapley values explainability method, where the most influential spatio-temporal features of the model are counter-checked with the neural correlates that encode vibration intensity. Significance. Results show that SE NexFusion outperforms other benchmarked EEG models in classifying the vibration intensity. Additionally, explainability analysis confirms the robustness of the model in attending to features associated with the neural correlates of vibration intensity.
Plasmonic Lattice Modes with High Quality Factor in Inhomogeneous Environment
Authors: Yang Hua , Lou Chaogang
Published: September 2023

Plasmonic lattice modes (PLM) with high quality factor is formed by periodic Au hemisphere arrays on the quartz substrates. The formation of PLM is attributed to the coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au hemispheres and the diffracted waves inside the substrates rather than the diffracted waves in the air. By changing the hemispheres’ size and the arrays’ period, the PLM wavelength is adjustable. It is also found that the refractive index of the substrates has no effect on the quality factor of PLM. As the refractive index increases, the position of the PLM wavelength has a redshift. While the surroundings where periodic Au hemisphere arrays on the quartz substrates are located affect the quality factor of PLM.
Research on Remote Sensing Geochemical Modeling Based on Surface to Surface Model
Authors: Cheng Gong , Li Yufang , Tang Jingru , Li Wei , Liao Lingyi , Hussain Syed
Published: September 2023

Remote sensing geochemistry is a simple, fast and economical advanced prospecting method, which carries out inversion and prediction of surface element content using the empirical model by regression or machine learning. The key problem faced by quantitative remote sensing is the low inversion accuracy of the model due to the mismatch of “point surface” information. How to overcome this problem? This paper proposes a “surface to surface” modeling method, which converts point data into surface data through Kriging interpolation to solve this problem. This paper uses geochemical interpolation data of Cu elements at different scales in the Qishitan gold mine area, Xinjiang, and ASTER remote sensing data to conduct geochemical modeling. In order to test the effect of Kriging on decreasing the scale effect, five sets of experiments were designed for comparison. The first four sets of sample data were interpolated according to different cell sizes, and the last set of data was not interpolated. The results show that the Kriging interpolation based on the ground resolution of the remote sensing image can effectively improve the accuracy of the remote sensing quantitative inversion model. When the square interpolation is close to the ground resolution of the used remote sensing data, the modeling accuracy gets the best value. This paper provides a new idea for improving the accuracy of remote sensing geochemical modeling.
Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of Stellite-6 Coating on 42CrMo Substrate by Overlap Remelting
Authors: Gong Yuling , Gong Fei , Sun Guolei , Xu Xiaodong , Wang Xiao , Li Longquan
Published: September 2023

To delay the corrosion rate of 42CrMo steel in oil and gas drilling industry, Co-based coatings were prepared on 42CrMo steel through laser cladding at different overlap rate (20%, 50% and 60%). The relationships between microstructure and corrosion behaviour of Stellite-6 coating in Cl ion corrosion medium were analysed by means of SEM, polarization curve and EIS. The results showed that the microstructures of Stellite-6 coating were mainly equiaxial crystal, and the corrosion form of cladding Stellite-6 alloy was pitting corrosion. The best corrosion resistance of Stellite-6 coating was the coating prepared at the overlap rate 50%. The formation of passivation films (Cr2O3 and Cr(OH)3) on the coating could obviously improve the corrosion resistance in Cl ion corrosion medium.
Methane Sensor Based on High-Q Microsphere Whispering Gallery Mode
Authors: Wu Luzhu , He Pengyu , Xu Huiyang , Li Boan , Yantang Huang
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the principle of the methane gas enhanced the laser absorption by the WGM of high-Q microsphere was studied. A taper optical fiber was used as a coupler to couple 1653.72 nm laser into a microsphere with a optical fiber handle to form whispering gallery mode(WGM). The resonant wavelength of the microsphere cavity was changed to 1653.72 nm by injecting heating light along the handle, so that one resonant wavelength of the microsphere is just 1653.72 nm. The 1653.72 nm laser forms WGM continuously to surround the microsphere, and the effective optical path is greatly increased, which increases the interaction distance with methane, and thus the sensitivity of methane detection is improved. The results show that the microsphere with WGM can be used as a gas sensor.
Fiber Optical Temperature Sensor Based on 980nm Excitation of CaWO4: Yb3+, Er3+ with Up-conversion Fluorescence Intensity Ratio
Authors: Tu Bifeng , Liao Songsong , Feng Baihe , Xu Huiyang , Huang Yantang
Published: September 2023

The Yb3+, Er3+ co-doped calcium tungstate materials were prepared. The temperature-sensitive fiber optic probes made from CaWO4:Yb3+, Er3+ were prepared by the high-temperature solid-phase sintering method. The XRD lattice structure of CaWO4: Yb3+, Er3+ was tested. The fluorescence spectra of the probe under 980nm excitation were tested, and the variable temperature profile of the probe was analyzed to derive its two-photon absorption process. The temperature characteristics of the up-conversion fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of the probe in the temperature range of 303-673K were investigated, and the results showed that this optical fiber probe can be used as a fiber optic temperature sensor with a linearity of 5.8% and a temperature measurement return difference of only 1.5%; it was found that the temperature characteristic curve of FIR of this fiber optic probe was reproducible. These properties show that CaWO4: Yb3+, Er3+ is feasible to be made into a fiber optic sensor.
Low-loss Optical Switching Based on Phase-change Material Sb2Se3 in a Micro-ring Resonator
Authors: Zhang Qianru , Hong Qilin , Zhu Zhihong
Published: September 2023

In the past research, optical interconnection has successfully developed into an emerging technology due to its compatibility with CMOS, where an efficient and reconfigurable optical switch operating at ultra-low programming energy is a key element to realize optical signal routing and switching. Here we numerically demonstrate an optical switch operating in the telecommunications band, which shows a 20 dB switch ratio and insertion loss of 0.8 dB. The device is implemented in waveguide-coupled micro-ring resonator (MRR) using the phase materials Sb2Se3, which exhibits high contrast in its optical properties upon transitions between its crystalline and amorphous structural phases.
Design of Market Load Control Mechanism for New Power System
Authors: Wang Jie , Xue Yiming , Sun Beibei , Ma Runpeng , Chen Siqi
Published: September 2023

Under the background of energy transformation, China vigorously promotes the construction of a new power system with new energy as the main body. However, the random and volatile power generation characteristics of new energy increase the demand for flexible regulation resources of the system operation. It is difficult to take into account the economy and security of the system operation only by power side regulation resources, so it is necessary to fully tap the potential of flexible adjustment on the demand side and promote the gradual transformation of the source-load mode to the operation mode of source-load interaction. Based on the mature experience of domestic and foreign demand-side response mechanisms, this paper studies the load-side regulation mechanism to provide references for domestic load-side regulation. Aiming at the regulation requirements of the power system, a flexible and efficient load-side regulation mechanism involving large-scale load-side regulation resource aggregation is proposed. This mechanism is designed from four aspects: load regulation of market players, multi-time scale regulation of transactions, regulation form and regulation of capital sources. It is of great significance for breaking the interaction barriers of source and load and forming a market system with an efficient economy, orderly competition and perfect governance.
Assessment of the regional heating system combined with geothermal source, air source and energy storage
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhao Yuan , Yin Shiji , Wang Dabiao , Zhao Ruirui , Liu Chen , Yue Zhiwei , Dai Baomin
Published: September 2023

Regional integrated heating using renewable energy is an efficient way to achieve the target of carbon emission reduction. Based on geothermal sources, air source heat pumps, and inter-seasonal energy storage technologies, a multi-source integrated regional heating system is proposed, which can meet the requirement of heating in buildings. With a residential community with an area of 35700 m2 as the study case, the models of geothermal source heat pump and air source heat pumps are constructed. Next, the energy performance and environmental performance of the integrated district heating system are analyzed. The study manifests that the multi-source central heating system reduces the energy consumption by 45.73% in comparison with the tranditional boiler solution, and the CO2 emission is reduced by 787.83 tCO2. The multi-source heat pump system can achieve social benefits, with the help of reasonable dispatching between the source and load sides, and the contribution of renewable energy. The long-term stable operation of the energy system can be achieved. The study provides a theoretical reference for the application of the conventional energy systems combined with geothermal energy.
A machine-learning based closed orbit feedback for a synchrotron light source
Authors: Li Ruichun , Zhang Qinglei , Jiang Bocheng , Zhao Zhentang , Li Changliang , Wang Kun
Published: September 2023

In order to improve the stability of synchrotron radiation, we developed a new method of machine learning-based closed orbit feedback, and piloted it in the storage ring of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). In our experiments, the machine learning-based closed orbit feedback can carry out horizontal, vertical and RF main frequency feedback simultaneously. What's more, the residual values of variations in the correctors' currents before vs. after correction can be almost ignored. This machine learning-based new method is expected to establish a new closed orbit feedback system and improve the orbit stability of the storage ring in daily operation.
Two-step relaxation in local many-body Floquet systems
Authors: Žnidarič Marko
Published: September 2023

We want to understand how relaxation process from an initial non-generic state proceeds towards a long-time typical state reached under unitary quantum evolution. One would expect that after some initial correlation time relaxation will be a simple exponential decay with constant decay rate. We show that this is not necessarily the case. Studying various Floquet systems with fixed two-qubit gates, and focusing on purity and out-of-time-ordered correlation functions, we find that in many situations relaxation proceeds in two phases of exponential decay having different relaxation rates. Namely, in the thermodynamic limit the relaxation rate exhibits a change at a critical time proportional to system’s size. The initial thermodynamically relevant rate can be slower or faster than the asymptotic one, demonstrating that the recently discovered phantom relaxation, in which the decay is slower than predicted by a nonzero transfer matrix gap, is not limited to only random circuits.
Zero sound in a quantum gas of spin-3/2 atoms with multipole exchange interaction
Authors: Bulakhov M , Peletminskii A S , Slyusarenko Yu V
Published: September 2023

In the context of quantum gases, we obtain a many-body Hamiltonian for spin-3/2 atoms with general multipole (spin, quadrupole, and octupole) exchange interaction by employing the apparatus of irreducible spherical tensor operators. This Hamiltonian implies the finite-range interaction, whereas, for zero-range (contact) potentials parameterized by the s-wave scattering length, the multipole exchange interaction becomes irrelevant. Following the reduced description method for quantum systems, we derive the quantum kinetic equation for spin-3/2 atoms in a magnetic field and apply it to examine the high-frequency oscillations known as zero sound.
Fabrication and peeling behavior of thermally conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive films with embedded graphite composite patterns
Authors: Oh Sang-Ah , Baek Sangwoong , Yun Hyesun , Kwak Min-Gi , Lee Chan-Jae , Kim Youngmin
Published: September 2023

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) have been widely employed to address the thermal issues arising in electronics. Given that heat generated at heat sources is dissipated into heat sinks through TIMs, the softer they are, the more efficient the heat transfer is. In this paper, a thermally conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) film (gr-PSA film) in which graphite composite patterns were embedded was fabricated and its thermal conductivity and peeling behavior were investigated. Because of its low storage modulus (2.4 × 104 Pa), a mixture of soft polyurethane acrylate, butyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was used to fabricate a PSA. The in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity of the gr-PSA film were measured as 1.56 (±0.37) Wm−1K−1 and 0.25 (±0.03) Wm−1K−1, respectively. The peeling behavior of the gr-PSA tape was investigated by a 90° peel test and the results were compared with simulation results obtained by cohesive zone modeling implemented in the finite element method. Both results show that the peel force oscillated when the gr-PSA tape was peeled. Because the gr-PSA tape comprises alternating stiff and compliant segments, more force is needed peeling when bending the stiff segments.
A review of high-performance carbon nanotube-based carbon fibers
Authors: Lee Dongju , Heo So Jeong , Kim Seo Gyun , Ku Bon-Cheol
Published: September 2023

With the growing importance of high-performance carbon fibers (CFs), researches have been conducted in many applications such as aerospace, automobile and battery. Since conventional CFs which were made from polyacrylonitrile, pitch and cellulose display either high tensile strength or high modulus properties due to structural limitations, it has been a challenge to develop CFs with both tensile strength and modulus with high conductivity. Therefore, various studies have been conducted to obtain high-performance multifunctional CFs. Among them, 1-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used commonly to make CFs because of high mechanical and conducting properties. In this review, the recent development of CFs was introduced briefly, and CNT-based composite CFs were introduced. Many efforts are being made to create high-performance CFs by combining various carbon nanomaterials and polymers, which can have potential to be utilized in aerospace, defense and other industries. The those fibers may be nextgeneration high-performance fibers due to both high strength and high modulus as well as high conducting properties. The challenges and outlook for commercialization of CNT-based CFs are addressed in terms of aspect ratio of CNTs, solvent recycling, and mass-production.
Examination on joining of 2 mm thick dissimilar stainless steel plates using resistance spot welding
Authors: Vignesh K
Published: September 2023

In the present study, dissimilar metals such as austenitic stainless steel (ASS) and duplex stainless steel (DSS) with a thickness of 2 mm are joined by resistance spot welding process to investigate the welding metallurgy and failure behavior under different heat inputs. Non-uniform electrode impressions are observed on ASS and DSS sides due to their different thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. The microstructure of the Fusion Zone (FZ) shows that higher heat input accelerates the growth of Intra Granular Austenite (IGA) due to faster cooling. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) - Energy Dispersive x-ray (EDX) investigation at FZ showed that Chromium & Molybdenum decrease with increasing heat input due to a decrease in ferrite content. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that ferrite formation is limited at higher heat input. Microhardness study revealed that the higher hardness is in the middle of the weld nugget, which is due to the presence of equiaxed grains and IGA. The lowest hardness on the ASS side of Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) is due to the phenomenon of grain growth, and the HAZ DSS side has a higher hardness than DSS Base Metal (BM) due to the mechanism of solid solution strengthening. The tensile shear test showed that the tensile shear strength increases with the addition of heat. SEM Examination of the fracture surface revealed the presence of an equiaxed dimple structure on the ASS side, confirming ductile fracture, and torn bonds on the DSS side, confirming quasi-gap fracture due to the work-hardening ability of both plates. This study is carried out to understand the relationship between mechanical, metallurgical, and failure behaviours, because, researches on joining of dissimilar (AISI 316 L and DSS 2205) stainless steel sheets using Resistance Spot Welding process is very limited and need to be studied in detail.
Multi objective optimization of process parameters in hard turning of AISI 52100 steel with surface irregularities using GRA-PCA
Authors: Ponugoti Umamaheswarrao , Koka Naga Sai Suman , Dantuluri Ranga Raju
Published: September 2023

Dry hard-turning is a cost-effective, efficient manufacturing method for AISI 52100 hardened bearing steel. Surface Defect Machining (SDM) is a novel approach to address surface roughness, deteriorations, residual stresses, and metallurgical changes on machined steel. SDM involves exposing workpieces to surface irregularities, reducing cutting resistance, and enhancing surface integrity and finish. In the present work, surface irregularities are formed on the surface of the workpiece in the form of indentations. Using the response surface method’s central composite design (CCD), 32 experimental runs were conducted to determine the optimal process parameters by varying the cutting and tool geometry parameters while AISI52100 steel hard turning (HT). Due to its complexity, multi-objective optimization is more challenging to study. The present work aims to evaluate the effects of input parameters on maching force, surface roughness, and workpiece surface temperature. Further, machining parameters optimization is performed employing the Grey relational analysis integrated with principal component analysis (GRA-PCA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the impact of cutting and tool geometry parameters on grey relational grade (GRG). ANOVA revealed that feed has the highest influence on GRG, followed by depth of cut, nose radius, cutting speed, and negative rake angle. Cutting speed of 800 rpm, feed rate of 0.04 mm/rev, depth of cut of 0.5 mm, nose radius of 1 mm, and negative rake angle of 15° are the optimum combination of process parameters.
Convergence stability for Ricci flow on manifolds with bounded geometry
Authors: Bahuaud Eric , Guenther Christine , Isenberg James , Mazzeo Rafe
Published: September 2023

We prove that the Ricci flow for complete metrics with bounded geometry depends continuously on initial conditions for finite time with no loss of regularity. This relies on recent work of Bahuaud, Guenther, Isenberg and Mazzeo where sectoriality for the generator of the Ricci-DeTurck flow is proved. We use this to prove that for initial metrics sufficiently close in Hölder norm to a rotationally symmetric asymptotically hyperbolic metric and satisfying a simple curvature condition, but a priori distant from the hyperbolic metric, Ricci flow converges to the hyperbolic metric.
Uniform L∞-bounds for energy-conserving higher-order time integrators for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with rotation
Authors: Döding Christian , Henning Patrick
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we consider an energy-conserving continuous Galerkin discretization of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with a magnetic trapping potential and a stirring potential for angular momentum rotation. The discretization is based on finite elements in space and time and allows for arbitrary polynomial orders. It was first analyzed by O. Karakashian and C. Makridakis (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 36(6),1779–1807, 1999) in the absence of potential terms and corresponding a priori error estimates were derived in $2D$. In this work we revisit the approach in the generalized setting of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with rotation and we prove uniform $L^{\infty }$-bounds for the corresponding numerical approximations in $2D$ and $3D$ without coupling conditions between the spatial mesh size and the time step size. With this result at hand, we are particularly able to extend the previous error estimates to the $3D$ setting while avoiding artificial CFL conditions.