bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rare case of left sided trans-mediastinal herniation of right lung, its management and review of literature
Authors: Prasad Dinesh , Shah Kesha C.
Published: May 2020

Mediastinal herniation can occur either due to traction as in the case of lung shrinkage in tuberculosis and chronic bronchostenosis or pulsion as a result of hydropneumothorax, empyema necessitans, and chronic infective etiology. We are reporting a case of left sided trans-mediastinal herniation of right lung in a patient with underlying right pulmonary tuberculosis, presenting with empyema thoracis. Empyema thoracis in pulmonary tuberculosis may either be a cause of trans-mediastinal herniation of lung or be a co-existent condition when the herniation occurs due to hydropneumothorax. Due to the presence of infection in pleural space, a prosthesis cannot be used. Due to the proximity of hernia sac to heart and major vessels, its plication is better avoided. Hence, treatment of such a case can be done by applying negative pressure for a few post-operative days till the dead space has been obliterated. Trans-mediastinal herniation of lung with underlying empyema thoracis requiring decortication can be successfully treated with the application of intermittent strong negative pressure (after completing decortication) in the pleaural cavity near mediastinum to gradually deliver the herniated lung to its normal position followed by application of negative pressure in the post op period  through one of the ICDTs (intercostal drainage tubes) to avoid unnecessary post-operative complications or reherniation.
Are buccal corridors and smile width relating to smile esthetics? - A Photometric Study
Authors: Bharat Kedia Neal , Kedia Gunjan , Chandra Subhash , Verma Garima , Amit Kumar (Major)
Published: May 2020

The present photometric study investigated the correlation of buccal corridor and smile width to an esthetic smile and the influence of the facial form on it.

Standardized photographs of posed smile of 60 subjects in the age range of 17-25 years were taken. Among those 60 subjects, 3 groups were divided as 20 subjects each in leptoprosopic facial form, mesoprosopic facial form and euryprosopic facial form (according to morphological facial index given by Martin and Saller in 1957). Frontal smile photographs were taken and measurements of maximum smile width, right and left buccal corridor spaces were done according to methodology proposed by Johnson and Smith (1995) using software Corel DRAW X7.

As separate evaluation done by orthodontists and lay persons and both of them presented with no differences of buccal corridor width and the total smile width in the esthetic smiles from comparing the percentage between the study groups.

Remarkable finding was that the buccal corridor width and total smile width does not alter with the 3 types of facial form and broad faces have a tendency for broader buccal corridor and narrow faces have smaller buccal corridor.
Cephalometric evaluation of airway dimensions in subjects with different sagittal and vertical variables
Authors: Jaiswal Anjali , Gupta Ashish , Sharma Gaurav , Bishnoi Manish , Jaiswal Ankita
Published: May 2020

The pharynx is a tube shaped structure that extends superoinferiorly from the cranial base to the level of the inferior surface of the sixth cervical vertebra. A nasal breather may change to a mouth breather because of an obstruction in the nasal or pharyngeal airway. In addition, pharyngeal narrowing is a commonly described characteristic in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the upper and lower airway dimensions are affected by the sagittal and vertical skeletal variables.

The pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 140 patients aged between 16years to 26 years were traced for the study. For each subject angular and linear cephalometric parameters were measured. Continuous variables were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significance of mean difference between the groups was done by Tukey’s post hoc test. A two-sided (α = 2) P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

in this study, we found a significant difference among Class I subjects with three different vertical growth pattern. Hyperdivergent patients had statistically significant narrower upper and lower pharyngeal width when compared to normodivergent and hypodivergent growth patterns. Patients with Class II malocclusions have significantly narrower upper and lower pharyngeal airways than those with Class I and Class III malocclusions.
Treatment of class II malocclusion with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and compromised mandibular first molars through anchorage miniscrews (TADS)
Authors: Tantray Shoborose , Wasey Fahad
Published: May 2020

Patients with dental Class II bialveolar protrusion are generally treated by extracting all four first premolars or two first and two second premolars, and retracting the anterior teeth.

This case report describes the treatment of an adult female patient aged 21-year-old with bialveolar protrusion, a Class II canine and class II molar relationship along with lip protrusion.

In this patient, the lower right and left mandibular first molar i.e., (3-6) and (4-6) had to be extracted due to extensive caries, also extraction was performed for maxillary 1st right and left bicuspids i.e., (1-4) and (2-4).

Mini-implant (1.4 mm in diameter, 8 mm long) were placed in interradicular bone between the maxillary second bicuspids and first molars and mesial to mandibular second molar to allow en-masse retraction of upper and lower anterior teeth.

Overall, miniscrews (TADs) can provide anchorage to produce a good facial profile in cases of dental Class II bialveolar protrusion with hopeless mandibular first molars.
COVID-19 Pandemic: a Big Challenge in Iran and the World
Authors: Nourizadeh Maryam , Rasaee Mohammad Javad , Moin Mostafa
Published: May 2020

This article is an Editorial and does not include an Abstract.
Pro-inflammatory Effects of Influenza Type A Virus PB1-F2 Protein-derived Peptide in Lipopolysaccharide-treated Macrophages
Authors: Kalantar Kurosh , Farzaneh Zahra , Gholijani Nasser , Hosseini Seyed Younes , Bani Hasan Ebrahim
Published: May 2020

Influenza A virus (IAV) has the potential to cause pandemics with considerable health and socio-economic burdens. A viral protein, polymerase basic 1- frame2 (PB1-F2), as a virulence factor, has pro-apoptotic activity and contributes to viral pathogenesis by delaying viral clearance and inducing inflammation. Macrophages are susceptible to IAV infection and produce high levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In the present study, the pro-inflammatory effects of PB1-F2 derived peptide was evaluated by measuring the expression of key inflammatory mediators in murine macrophage cell line J774.1. PB1-F2 treated macrophages were examined for nitric oxide (NO) production, inflammatory cytokines, and enzymes expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion using Griess reagent, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA, respectively. Our results have shown that PB1-F2 peptide at non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.1–0.8 µmol/mL) had no effect on NO production. When applied to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages, PB1-F2 peptide at 0.8 μmol/mLincreasedinducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and interleukin (IL)-6 genes expression to 2.02, 3.81, and 3.65 folds, respectively. PB1-F2 at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 µm/mL increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α transcription by 4.15 and 5.55 fold. At posttranslational level, TNF-α increased from 166.5±13.88 in LPS-treated cells to 773.6±95.27 and 1485±76.31 at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 μmol/mL in PB1-F2 peptide, respectively. However, PB1-F2 Peptide did not have any significant effect on IL-6 production. These findings suggest that PB1-F2 peptide may partly exert its enhancing role in viral pathogenicity through the induction of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Hence, targeting PB1-F2 peptide would be helpful in the reduction of viral infection complications.
Mortality and morbidity economic burden due to PM2.5 and ozone; an AirQ+ modelling in Iran
Authors: Hadei Mostafa , Hopke Philip K. , Shahsavani Abbas , Jahanmehr Nader , Rahmatinia Masoumeh , Farhadi Mohsen , Yarahmadi Maryam , Kermani Majid
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Attributable health impacts of air pollution result in economic costs to societies. In this study, the WHO AirQ+ model was used to estimate the health impacts and health-related economic costs of PM2.5 and O3 in Karaj, the fourth largest city in Iran, from March 2015 to March 2016.
Materials and methods: For PM2.5, long-term mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD), lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and morbidity such as acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), and short-term cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations were calculated. For ozone, short-term mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were estimated. The human capital method (HCM) was used to monetize the mortality impact attributed to selected air pollutants. Direct and indirect costs of morbidity were estimated using available local data on the costs related to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
Results: The total number of IHD, COPD, LC and ALRI deaths attributed to PM2.5 in selected age groups was 576. The total number of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths attributed to O3 was 46 cases. For hospitalization, the aggregate cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions for both pollut- ants were 552. The total economic loss due to mortality and morbidity from selected health endpoints was approximately 44 million USD.
Conclusion: Despite the limitations, such methodologies can be useful for policy-makers. Therefore, there is a compelling need to conduct cost of ill- ness’s studies in other areas.
Study of the effect of fuel consumption and geographic conditions on Tehran’s air pollution
Authors: Rahimi Farid
Published: May 2020

Studies show that Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. This pollution is more due to the traffic of cars. According to statistics, Tehran only had 3 days of clean air in 2012 and 2013. The consumption of low-grade petroleum products by non-standard vehicles manufactured with old technol- ogy has caused air pollution to the city in the absence of an efficient public transport system as well as inefficient management. The results suggest that transition from this dilemma is possible through efficient laws, proper man- agement, the use of world-wide knowledge and culture and general education from the basic levels. Obviously, solving this problem will directly affect the quality of life of citizens, and its effects can be seen in the economic, health, environmental and social spheres. The indirect effects of the crisis can be predicted in economic growth and development, and even in the promotion of national security (at a high level).
Transfer in Implicit Learning
Authors: Agafonov A , Kryukova A , Shilov Y
Published: May 2020

The article describes the research, the aim of which is to discover the effect of transfer of the implicit knowledge of artificial grammar to solving of sensory-motor tasks. The article considers the role of implicit knowledge in actual cognitive activity. Forty volunteers took part in the experiment. Participants of the experiment wereimplicitly taught the rule of artificial grammar. At the control phase, the assignment consisted of solving the sensory-motor problem – to react to the appearance of the green or yellow circle by pressing a certain key. In the experimental group, the grammatical line always appeared before the green-colored circle was presented, and the ungrammatical line appeared before the yellow-colored circle. In the control group the color of the circle didn’t depend on the grammaticality of the line. As a result, we established the considerable reduction in the reaction time in the experimental group. Thus, the transfer of the implicitly learned knowledge of artificial grammar leads to enhancement of efficiency of sensory-motor activity. The implicit rule of artificialgrammar has acquired role of prime-stimulation.
Keywords: implicit knowledge, implicit learning, artificial grammar learning, sensorymotor activity, transfer effect, priming
Verbal Memory in Late-life Depressions and Normal Ageing
Authors: Balashova E , Zarudnaya E
Published: May 2020

In the present article, authors analyze characteristics of verbal memory in late-life depressions and normal ageing. During last decades, the increase of frequency of affective disorders in depression spectrum in late age attracts attention of specialists. Memory is one of the most sensitive functions in late-life depressions. The maingoal of this research is to estimate verbal memory of senior patients with depression and normal persons. Two groups of participants, consisting of 197 patients with depressions of Scientific Center of Mental Health (Moscow) and 100 mentally healthy people participated in this research. Control and clinical groups were comparable by socio-demographical parameters. The results of two methods were interpreted: (1) memorization and delayed reproduction of five words; (2) naming of five sharp objects. In first method, the volume of first reproduction (FR), the number of material presentations required for memorization (N) and the volume of delayed reproduction (DR) were examined. In addition, the frequency of occurrence of various types of errors such as omissions, inert repetitions, impairments of order and of selectivity was estimated. In the second method were examined: presence of pauses, necessity of psychological assistance, such as verbal stimulation or clarification of the semantic field. Statistical analysis was made using SPSS Statistics and Microsoft office Excel 2007. The research results showed that patients with depression deal with offeredmethods worse than mentally healthy people do. In memorization of five words, volumes of FR and DR were lower and patients needed more repetitions to memorize. When analyzing age dynamic, negative changes in verbal memory were more evident in clinical group. When naming of five sharp objects, patients with depression made more pauses and needed more frequently clarification of semantic field or verbal stimulation.
Keywords: verbal memory, normal ageing, late-life depressions, neuropsychology
Gender Identity in Early Childhood
Authors: Cervantes J C
Published: May 2020

Background. Some authors indicate that the origin of gender identity in children is between two and three years old. This research report presents evidence against this affirmation based on Cultural–historical Psychology about the acquisition of consciousness through language as a process that begins from early childhood and ends in adolescence.
Objective. (1) Characterize concepts about gender identity that have children in early childhood. (2) To compare differences and similarities of the concept of gender identity in children of different ages.
Design. The procedure used was the classifying pictures method adapted for this study. We evaluated 32 children from one to five years old about the acquisition of gender identity through a qualitative analysis of data.
Results. It was found that children of two and three years old group images by gender stereotypes, while those of four and five are incorporating other criteria such as shape and color.
Conclusion. This happens for two reasons: first, the incorporation of the gender culture is a complex process and second, the school promotes a classification system that allows to order the worldbased on criteria other than gender.
Keywords: concepts, gender identity, early childhood, cultural–historical psychology, Mexico
A.R. Luria: Ideas and Prospects of Their Development in Pedagogical Psychology of the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Cheremisova I
Published: May 2020

A.R. Luria’s ideas are well-known and recognized both in Russia and abroad. Scientists from different countries are actively working in neuropsychology, a part of the psychological science developed by A.R. Luria. The author has shown the relevance and importance of the neuropsychological approach to the pedagogical psychology problems and the availability to choose an adequate educational and nurturing strategy from these standpoints. The study seeks to rethink and assess the importance of A.R. Luria’s main ideas from the modern pedagogical psychology’s standpoints. The characteristic of the main theoretical provisions has been set forthbased on the analysis of A.R. Luria’s academic papers and the main directions and prospects for the development of A.R. Luria’s ideas in the modern psychological pedagogical science have been determined. A.R. Luria’s academic papers most sought by the modern researchers have been noted. The study is based on the materials of the thesis researches on the pedagogical psychology problems conducted in the beginning of the twenty-first century, A.R. Luria’s papers, the publications of other researchers who have studied his contribution to the psychological science. The study results show that A.R. Luria has significantly contributed to the development of the pedagogical psychology problems. A.R. Luria’s ideas on the interaction of the humanitarian and science knowledge in the human comprehensive study, the cultural and historical understanding of the psychical functions development, and the language evolution in the music language study for the musical education development seem most promising for the pedagogical psychology development. Note has been taken of the importance of A.R. Luria’s ideas for the elaboration of the relevant problems of thetraining and development of a person at any age; the study of individual and typical features in mastering a foreign language; the study of the semantics of speech and means of coding meanings in the context of professional training of psychologists and teachers, specialists in the field of artistic creativity. The analysis of A.R. Luria’s main ideas facilitates the deeper understanding of the modern problems of the pedagogicalpsychology theory and practice.
Keywords: pedagogical psychology, A.R. Luria, musical education, professional training of psychologists, education in senior age, psychological service
Study of the Integration of Disabled Students With Difficulties in Training
Authors: Dorogina O , Ponomareva E
Published: May 2020

The article reflects the experience of the support center for the disabled students at the Ural State University. The study investigates the attitudes of groups of students and teachers toward the integration of students with disabilities. The success of this academic program requires the integration of populations fromdifferent backgrounds. The main factors for the success of the program are the staff and the students. These two factors participate in creating a supportive learning atmosphere. This study observes the attitudes of faculty members (teachers) and students toward the students with disabilities. The study examines their contribution to the program, development of the social and educational climate in terms of this unique and challenging population’s ability to independently perform in an academic environment. The process of integration of students with disabilities into higher education informs the subject of integration in general, and therefore the attitudes of those taking part in the integration. The improvement of this process is the key to itssuccess. The results of the research can be used to create educational programs for teachers and to organize courses for university students.
Keywords: the students with disabilities, professional education, tutor support center for disable people
Culture in Transition: Problems of Thinking and Speech Development
Authors: Dudina M
Published: May 2020

The authors consider this psychological and pedagogical research to be relevant as it advances the discussion of Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria’s cultural–historical theory of higher psychological functions and seeks to understand environment as a source of psychological development rather than as a condition for it. The interiorization of contemporary cultural phenomena bears the signs of fragmentary, mosaic thinking that makes it difficult to nurture the ability to analyze and identify cause-and-effect relationships. A superficial approach to the ever-expanding volume of knowledge prevents one from comprehending concepts, which has a negative impact on the development of consciousness, cognitive and affective functions, activity, verbal and non-verbal communication, and of the conceptual structure of the world and self-reflection on one’s place in the world. Speech enriches and stimulates thinking, thus driving the educational process toward a search for ways of integrating innovative tools and methods of engaging learners in adequate types of learning activities in the ‘the zone of proximal development’. The author’s many years of experience confirms the psychological and pedagogical effectiveness of the acquisition of meta-disciplinary content in philosophical propaedeutic starting from primary school. Meta-disciplinarity as a universal integratory phenomenon encompasses meta-knowledge, meta-tools, meta-skills, and meta-action that are connected with mental activity in super-subject knowledge acquisition by contrast with subject knowledge acquisition. Philosophical knowledge as meta-knowledge has a high degree of generalization and facilitates a holistic view of the world and the human’s place in it that is registered in the speech of the linguistic persona. The latter grows from being ‘knowledgeable’ to being a ‘thinking’ and ‘creating’ one. The theoretical and practical novelty of the study is that explores the concept of self-care in education.
Keywords: digital civilization, changing society, culture, linguistic persona, higher psychological functions, thinking and speech, mosaic thinking, ‘self-care’
The Exploration of the Phenomenon of Psychological Time
Authors: Gorkaya J
Published: May 2020

The phenomenon of psychological time is manifested in its irreducibility of absolute time and is defined as the ability to achieve personal goals. Individual peculiarities of perception and experience of time are the basis of self-organization of human activity. The relevance of an objective study of the significance of the phenomenonof time is determined by the importance of this category for the implementation of the functions of adaptation and self-realization. Psychophysiological methods can be used to estimate the objective value of time in the system of human semantic links. It allows you to evaluate the strength of psychophysiological reactions of aperson. The individual value of the time category can be calculated on the basis of the integral intensity of the reaction force: heart rate, breathing amplitude, increase in the amplitude of the systole (increase in peripheral blood flow), the severity of the high-amplitude positive half-wave (departure of the KGR wave upward from isolation).
Keywords: phenomenon of time, objective research methods, psychophysiological acts, the importance of the concept
Constructive-semantic Characteristics of Mother’s Speech as a Factor of Child’s Speech Development
Authors: Gudzovskaya A
Published: May 2020

Important characteristics of normal mental development of a child are the characteristics of his speech, vocabulary, mastery of grammatical constructions. According to the peculiarities of speech, one can judge the ability of a person to reflect not only the external, perceived properties of objects, but also internal, significant correlations and relationships. In our work, we call these properties constructive and semantic characteristics of speech. The child’s speech develops only in interaction with the people around him, the main figure of which is the mother. The aim of the study was to determine how the constructive and semantic characteristics of the mother’s speech influence the development of the child’s speech, vocabulary and speech activity. The study involved 30 children aged 6.5–7.5 years and their mothers. For diagnostics, the subtest ‘Dictionary’ of the WISC test was used. The traditional method of determining the level of speech development was supplemented by indicators of constructive-semantic characteristics (speech activity, propensity to use different speech structures associated with speech development levels, use of each of the four types of constructions in accordance with the stages of verbal development). Significant connections between individual indicators ofthe speech of the child and his mother were revealed. Relations allow us to talk about the constructive and semantic characteristics of adult speech as a factor in the development of the child’s speech. The study made it possible to reveal the mechanism of the implicit formation of concepts in the child by generalizing a largenumber of situational descriptions and features perceived from verbal judgments of the mother. Speech activity of children decreases in the conditions of primary use by the mother of speech structures ‘action with the object’, ‘functional purpose of the objects’. The results obtained make it possible to consider the constructive-semantic characteristics of maternal speech as a factor of the zone of the nearest developmentof the child’s speech.
Keywords: speech development, factors of speech development, speech activity, zone of proximal development, speech behavior as a joint action, constructive semantic characteristics of speech, levels of speech development
Professional Interests in the Early Youth: Peculiarities of Boys and Girls
Authors: Kasyanova T , Maltsev A , Zubova L
Published: May 2020

We give the results of research interests in choosing a profession among high school students. The sample consisted of 859 people, 385 of them were boys and 474 were girls between the ages of 14 and 18. The purpose of the study is to study the differences in interests between young men and women that we identified earlier inthe professional fields of technology and art in relation to other professional spheres. For the study, the results of computer testing, using the ‘Proforientator’ method, were used. Studies have made it possible to identify the psychological construct as a community of interests in the professional fields of technology, science and sign.Another distinguished psychological construct is the combination of interests of art, communication, business and sign. It is shown that there are specific, reflecting gender identity in addition to the common interests in the professional socialization among boys and girls. The following specific features are revealed: interest in technology among young men is an additional combination with interests in the professions of business and art. So, girls have an additional combination of interests in the fields of nature and communication but young men have interest in art and it is combined with interests in the professions of science and nature.
Keywords: interests, professional socialization, professional spheres, career guidance work with teenagers
Computerized Neuropsychological Assessment in 6–9 Years-old Children
Authors: Korneev A , Akhutina T , Gusev A , Kremlev A , Matveeva E
Published: May 2020

The article presents a new computer-based test battery of neuropsychological assessment in 6–9-year-old children. The battery consists of seven tests for assessing executive functions, functions of activation regulation, functions of visual-spatial information and auditory information processing. The following tests are describedin the article: the Dots task, two-colored Schulte–Gorbov tables, Corsi block span test and Understanding of Similar Sounding Words test. The battery is developed in the software platform ‘MSU-Practice’ (http://psychosoft.ru). The system allows researchers to conduct the tests, collect data and analyze them. In addition, it includes cloud service to support the collaboration of different research groups. A total of 21 preschoolers, 52 first-graders and 114 second-graders took part in a pilot study. All three groups of children took the four computer tests and went through a neuropsychological assessment adapted for children between the ages of 5 and 9. The correlation analysis showed consistency between the results of the computertests and the results of the neuropsychological assessments. This allowed us to conclude that the new computer methodology is sufficiently sensible and valid to assess different components of higher mental functions in children.
Keywords: neuropsychology, higher mental functions, primary school children, cognitive functions, computer-based tests
Structural and Functional Approach to Study of Psychological Loneliness
Authors: Lyubyakin A
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the possibility of studying the psychological aspects of loneliness in the context of problems of personality adaptation and the risks of adaptive chokes. Loneliness is the result of a low level of adaptation or the result of disadaptation processes. Personality is considered functionally as a means of adaptation primarily to the social environment. The basic components of the personality structure arealso considered functionally as tools for adaptation. The socio-psychological version of the personality structure is taken as the basis, which includes social roles, selfconcept, and personality orientation in their interrelationship. The experience of loneliness is associated with adaptive dysfunctions of individual components of the personality. The risks that are carried by a social role as a possible factor in the complication of relations or the emergence of acute conflicts with surrounding people and personalities themselves and, as a consequence, the experience of a feeling of loneliness, are considered. Dysfunctions of the self-concept are associated with crises or identity deformation, self-esteem deformation, contradictions, the discrepancybetween external, public self, and inner self. Orientation as the main vector of personality activity is considered as an important factor of adaptation, harmonization of relationships with the social world. Difficulties in this area, difficulties in working out a life programme, its correction, or radical changes under the influence of lifeexperience also carry risks of disadaptation and psychological loneliness. For a certain period of time, the purposeful activity of the individual can be blocked, which is a serious psychological problem and a destructive factor of social alienation and self-alienation. Dysfunctions of one of the components of the personality structure will not create radical problems if they are not observed in other components of the personality structure. The greatest risks of social isolation and loneliness are associated with the destabilisation of the structure of the individual as a whole. This leads to a full-scale disorder of the person with the surrounding world and himself/herself, which guarantees disadaptation and intense experiences of loneliness.
Keywords: psychological loneliness, adaptation and disadaptation of personality, socio-psychological structure of personality, social roles, self-concept, personality orientation, dysfunctions in personality structure.
Gender Approach in Professional Orientation of School Students
Authors: Maltsev A , Kasyanova T , Zubova L
Published: May 2020

The Constitution of Russia states that women have the same right to education and professional employment and have the right to equal pay for equal work. However, similarly to most countries, gender asymmetry is observed in Russian labor market. In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the topic of gender socialization and its connection to professional self-determination. Our article is devoted to the gender-related aspects of school students’ career choice. We rely on the most recognized methodology in Russia developed by A.G. Shmelev’s group: computer-assisted test battery “Proforientator”.Our research has shown statistically significant differences in future career preferences of male and female students aged between 14 and 18 in all spheres, with the exception of “Communication”. Young men of early adolescence showed great interest in such professional spheres as “Technology”, “Science”, “Business”, “Sign”, and “Risk” while high school girls showed a strong inclination to “Art” and “Nature”. Thus, thisdistribution of preferences can be considered as a gender-dependent. Our study has also identified masculine characteristics in females and feminine characteristics in males in the formation of their professional interests. We believe that it is important to take into account the process of gender socialization when working to support the professional self-determination of young people. The revealed regularities require further research.
Keywords: gender, gender socialization, professional self-determination, interests. professional spheres, professional orientation.
Application of Luria Approach to Management of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Markiewicz K
Published: May 2020

Autistic persons show considerable difficulties in the ability of self-control including attention, motor reactions, resistance to distractions and delay of gratification, which are presently labelled as executive functions. The present paper describes dynamics of developmental changes in executive functions of 25 autistic children, patients of Specialised Clinic of Diagnosis and Rehabilitation in Lublin, Poland, during their early and late childhood. In accordance with Luria original approach the assessment of disorders observed was closely connected with therapeutic procedure. It made possible getting deeper insight into the difficulties encountered by the children and refinement of the course of therapy at the same time. Significant progressive changes in the development of executive functions were observed in the examined children. A significant correlation among an ability to control one’s own reactions and cognitive functions, communication, and an ability to imitate others as well as general motor agility was stated. It allows the conclusion that autistic children are able to acquire an ability to change their former behaviours. They are, therefore, capable of understanding that a previous rule may be exchanged for the other, and they are also able to refrain from awaiting an immediate gratification.
Keywords: Autism, executive functions, diagnosis, therapy, Luria approach
Conditions of the Effective Formation of Legal Consciousness of Students By Means of Psychological Training
Authors: Muslumov R , Pecherkina A
Published: May 2020

The article considers the conditions of the effective formation of legal consciousness of students through psychological training. The study included ascertaining and formative stages. 60 students aged 20 to 22 took part in it. At the ascertaining stage, R.R. Muslumov’s method of study of legal consciousness of personality was used to determine the levels of formation of the legal consciousness components of students. It was established that the formation of all components of legal consciousness among students (legal knowledge, legal attitudes, attitudes towards law, and attitudes toward legal institutions, legal activity and legal motivatedcognition) was at an average and high level. At the formative stage, psychological training was used, which was aimed at developing legal consciousness and legal competence of students. The authors note that the most effective means of forming legal consciousness is psychological training based on the cognitive-behavioral approach, which suggests that a person can learn new social skills, emotions and new ways of thinking through the learning mechanism. Within the framework of the training, the work is focused on behavioral reactions andinternal attitudes. As a result, qualitative positive results were obtained on the scales ”legal activity” and “motivated cognition”. Conditions for the effective formation of legal consciousness (which include interactivity, reality, relevance, success, emotionality and modernity) were generalized and identified in the group work. While recognizing the importance of educational work, the authors point out that the development of legal consciousness of students also depends on other external (family, conditions in a particular university, friends, etc.) and internal (character, personality characteristics, etc.) factors. It is not enough simply to form legal knowledge - it is important to nurture the legal consciousness, legal beliefs, lay the foundation of behavior on the basis of law observance.
Keywords: Legal consciousness, legal competence, legal activity, legal socialization, legal motivated cognition, legal attitudes, psychological training.
Family As a Condition of the Mental Health of a Child When Adapting To a Modern Kindergarten
Authors: Shabas S
Published: May 2020

This paper considers the family as the basic condition for the mental health of a child when adapting to kindergarten. The specific features of the intrafamilial conditions and factors shaping the mental health of a preschool child are shown. Scientific data on the regularities of a child’s passage through the adaptation period and the important role of the family for the dynamics of the adaptation process are provided. Analysis of empirical evidence of long-term interaction with families of pupils attending kindergartens of the Leninsky District of Ekaterinburg served to find out the influence of new social relations on the emotional well-being of a child and its parents upon admission to kindergarten. The intrafamilial problems deteriorating the psychophysical health of a child and complicating its adaptation to kindergarten are revealed. It is shown that these problems lead to emotional instability, developmental delay, as well as the troubled behavior and communication of a child. The peculiarities of how the adaptation period affects the parents are considered when parents reassess their attitude towards parenthood and their child in the process of the socialassessment and new social conditions. The specific activities of the teaching staff when interacting with the child’s family members for the sake of maintaining and strengthening the child’s mental health are outlined. An analysis of the various forms and techniques of communication between teachers and specialists of preschoolinstitutions dedicated to the psychological and pedagogical support of the family for raising the psychological awareness of parents is provided. The participation of parents in the interaction with teachers encourages their further active interaction, and such an active participation forms the background for maintaining and strengthening the mental health of a child while adapting to kindergarten.
Keywords: family, mental health, adaptation to kindergarten.
A. R. Luria and the Twin Method in Modern Medical Genetics
Authors: Tskhovrebova L
Published: May 2020

The twin method is one of the classical methods of medical genetics which aids in defining the role of factors of heredity and environment in traits of norm and pathology, to study development of multifactorial diseases and development of genetics of intellectual activity. From the genetic point of view twins may be either monozygotic or dizygotic. The field of intellectual activity, in particular learning ability, attention and memory is most difficult and inaccessible for the genetic analyses of twins. The very beginning of research of twins’ intellectual activity was laid by A.R. Luria in years 1920-1930 and the features of development of twins of various age wererevealed. Using tasks that required mental capacities of different levels: immediate memory vs cultural forms of mediated memory, Luria’s group compared results of monozygotic and dizygotic twins of different ages (5-7 and 11-13). It has been shown that monozygotic twins are much more similar between themselves concerningmental capacities, natural forms of memory than dizygotic twins. In the older group it was the same difference in natural forma, but much less difference between monozygotic and dizygotic tweens in culturally determined forms of memory. Much more similarity was observed between monozygotic twins who grew separately, thanbetween dizygotic, being raised in the identical social environment. During these researches a number of assumptions have been stated about « the influence of heredity on intellectual activity which will be revealed in the solution of tasks which don’t demand special knowledge». Prospects of modern researches are in comparison of concordance mono-and dizygotic twins, confirming A. R. Luria’s assumption of interrelation of natural memory and intellectual endowments of twins with their genotype. Medical genetics confirmsthat the extent of development of various intellectual traits of monozygotic and dizygotic twins is caused first of all by influence of the environment – training and experience which is revealed is increased in increased variability of most intellectual characteristics at the age of 14–16 years.
Keywords: A.R.Luria, twin method, medical genetics, epigenetic changes.
Diagnóstico de endometriosis en Medellín - Colombia
Authors: Botero U. Jaime , Castañeda L. Aníbal , González E. Germán
Published: May 2020

Hasta 1979 el diagnóstico de endometriosis en Colombia se hacía muy raramente. Con la introducción de la laparoscopia se empezó a encontrar la enfermedad con una mayor frecuencia. En este estudio se encontró con una frecuencia variable pero la tendencia de la curva en los distintos años desde 1979 hasta septiembre de 1984 parece indicar que se encuentra en el 2.5% de las laparoscopias diagnósticas y en el 1.21 por mil de las tubectomías laparoscópicas que se realizan en Profamilia, en Medellin, Colombia.El riesgo de endometriosis parece aumentar con la edad de las mujeres y parece ser mayor para dos grupos de edad: el de 25-29 años en donde se presentan el 30.3% de los casos mientras que la población femenina de esa edad sólo representa el 12.7% de la que compone el valle de Aburrá, donde está situada Medellin y el de 30-34 años en donde ocurre el 28.2% de los casos mientras que la población femenina de esa edad es sólo el 9.7% de la que habita en el área mencionada. El mismo factor de riesgo parece estar actuando a medida que aumenta la edad de la paciente, determinando formas más severas en los grupos de edades mayores, pero sólo en una proporción ligeramente más alta.El dolor, que se manifiesta por disemenorrea en un 26.9% de los casos y por dolor pélvico en un 29.8%, representa la mitad de las indicaciones para laparoscopia diagnóstica en la cual se encontró endometriosis.El aparente mejor resultado del tratamiento quirúrgico sobre el conseguido con el uso de drogas, merece un estudio mejor controlado en el futuro.Igualmente se considera oportuno el estudio de modalidades terapéuticas que estén más al alcance de nuestra población desde el punto de vista del costo y que tengan una equivalente eficacia curativa.
PERAN GURU KRISTEN DALAM MENUMBUHKEMBANGKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA [THE ROLE OF CHRISTIAN TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CONFIDENCE IN MATHEMATICS]
Authors: Patandung Arniati Bintan , Saragih Melda J
Published: May 2020

Self-confidence is the ability of students to build positive energy that is useful for completing tasks or working optimally. However, the reality is that some students feel unsure of their abilities which results in them not doing given assignments. Students also tend to give up easily and are lazy when they are given problems that are more difficult than usual, the reason being they think they are unable to solve them. God calls every Christian teacher to develop a learning community where students feel cared for and able to use their abilities in the learning process. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to look at the role of the teacher in developing students’ confidence in mathematics. The teacher's role is to pay attention to the factors that cause low student confidence and then to design learning strategies that suits students' needs. Teachers can develop self-concepts, motivation, encouragement, practice exercises, reviews, and assessments that enable students to be more confident in their ability to glorify God. Other suggestions for teachers are to provide questionnaires or interviews in advance to collect data on low student confidence rates so that teachers can determine the right strategy according to student needs.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Kepercayaan diri atau keyakinan akan kemampuan siswa dapat membangun energi positif yang berguna untuk menyelesaikan tugas ataupun pekerjaan secara maksimal. Akan tetapi kenyataan yang didapatkan di kelas yaitu beberapa siswa merasa tidak yakin akan kemampuannya yang mengakibatkan siswa tidak mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan. Siswa juga cenderung untuk mudah menyerah dan malas mencoba ketika diberikan soal yang lebih sulit daripada biasanya, alasannya karena mereka berpikir tidak mampu untuk menyelesaikannya. Tuhan memanggil setiap guru Kristen untuk mampu mengembangkan kelas menjadi sebuah komunitas untuk belajar agar siswa merasa berada dalam lingkungan yang peduli terhadapnya sehingga siswa mampu untuk menggunakan kemampuan yang dimiliki dalam proses pembelajaran.   Oleh karena itu, tujuan penulisan makalah ini yaitu melihat peran guru dalam menumbuhkembangkan kepercayaan diri siswa dalam pelajaran matematika. Peran guru dalam menumbuhkembangkan kepercayaan diri siswa dalam pembelajaran yaitu dengan memperhatikan faktor penyebab rendahnya kepercayaan diri siswa dan merancang pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Guru dapat menumbuhkan konsep diri, memberikan motivasi serta dorongan, latihan soal, review dan evaluasi kepada siswa untuk lebih yakin akan kemampuannya untuk memuliakan Tuhan. Saran bagi guru lain yaitu sebaiknya memberikan kuesioner ataupun wawancara terlebih dahulu untuk mengumpulkan data rendahnya kepercayaan diri siswa sehingga guru dapat menentukan strategi yang tepat sesuai kebutuhan siswa.
ÇİN’DE DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞİM SÜRECİNİN SOSYAL GÜVENLİK SİSTEMİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: YUMURTACI Aynur
Published: May 2020

Ekonomik
ve sosyal değişimleri etkileyen ve bu değişimlerden etkilenen demografik
hareketler, 21. yy’ın en önemli konularından birisidir. Demografik hareketlerin
demografik değişimi işaret ettiği küresel dünyada, demografik değişime bağlı
olarak dönüşüme ihtiyaç duyulan pek çok konu bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri de
sosyal güvenlik sistemleridir. Bu bağlamda asıl sorun, demografik değişimi kısa
sürede tamamlayacak olan ve sosyal güvenlik sistemlerini henüz tam anlamı ile
oturtamamış ülkelerin demografik değişim sürecinde sosyal güvenlik
sistemlerinde yaşayacakları sorunları nasıl çözümleyecekleridir. Bu durumu
yaşayan ülkelerin başında Çin gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Çin’deki hızlı
demografik değişime bağlı olarak sosyal güvenlik sisteminde yaşanan dönüşümleri
ve reform arayışlarını değerlendirmek amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma
demografik değişim sürecini henüz tamamlamamış ancak nüfusu hızla yaşlanan
diğer ülkeler için de demografik değişim odaklı sosyal güvenlik uygulamalarının
bir an önce hayata geçirilmesinin bir gereklilik olduğunu, Çin örneği
bağlamında ortaya koyması bakımından önem taşımaktadır.