bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HER2 expression and relevant clinicopathological features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population
Authors: Rong Lulu , Wang Bingzhi , Guo Lei , Liu Xiuyun , Wang Bingning , Ying Jianming , Xue Liyan , Lu Ning
Published: August 2019

Background: Despite great progress of surgery and other treatments, the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still very poor. HER2 has strong therapeutic implications in certain cancers, such as breast cancer and gastric cancer. However, literature on the frequency of HER2 expression in ESCC is scarce. In the present study, HER2 expression and gene amplification and the association of HER2 status with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated in a large cohort of Chinese ESCC patients.Methods: A total of 857 consecutive patients who received radical esophagectomy without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in this retrospective study. HER2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters was assessed. In addition, 65 cases, including 13 HER2 overexpression (3+) cases and 52 HER2 equivocal (2+) cases from the 857-case cohort, were selected to construct tissue microarrays (TMAs). Another 104 ESCC cases, which included 1 HER2 overexpression (3+) case, 3 HER2 equivocal (2+) cases and 100 HER2 negative (1+/0) cases, were also selected for TMA construction. Dual-color in situ hybridization (DISH) was performed on the TMAs to assess HER2 gene amplification.Results: We found HER2 overexpression (3+) status in 1.5% (13/857) of cases and HER2 equivocal (2+) status in 6.1% (52/857) of cases. HER2 expression was significantly associated with gender. HER2 equivocal (2+) expression was more likely to occur in females (P=0.028). Regarding the 169 cases analyzed by DISH, 14 (of 14, 100%) HER2 overexpression (3+) cases, 10 (of 55, 18.2%) HER2 equivocal (2+) cases, and 0 (of 100, 0%) HER2 negative (1+/0) cases showed HER2 gene amplification. HER2 gene amplification was not significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics such as age, gender, tumor differentiation, pT stage, pN stage, pM stage and pTNM stage (P>0.05).Conclusions: Approximately 2% of the Chinese ESCC patients had HER2 overexpression based on IHC. HER2 expression was significantly associated with gender, HER2 gene amplification was not significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics. IHC and DISH had a high concordance rate. These results provide valuable insight for the future treatment of ESCC.
Comparison of chondrosarcoma cases (grade I, II, III) current situations with clinical and statistical analysis among institutions.
Authors: jami sayed abdulla , shi jiandang , yuan wen qi , liu chang hao , he jin wei
Published: August 2019

Background
Chondrosarcomas is a rare tumour that has a variable biological characteristic. Also, their treatment clinically and surgically is controversial. We performed a comparison review of different regional institutions series with the aim of assessing the clinical outcome of patients.

Purposes
We, therefore, compare different institutions from different regions patients with grade 1 to 3 chondrosarcomas to (1)determine difference in survival rate, (2) local recurrence results, (3) determine successful outcome after surgery, (4) differences among surgical procedures. (5) Determine any association of clinical and demographic behaviour with gender, follow-up, treatment and chondrosarcoma affected body locations.

Methods
A retrospective review of 33 chondrosarcoma(all grades) patient’s data since 2013, compared with 15 author’s total 868 patients research literature to find more about clinical and statistical advantages and similarities with our study. Here is mentioning of clinical information’s, surgery type categorised, adjuvants types, genders, follow-up years, recurrence, affected areas, death rates, successful outcome and survival rates by using statistical methods.

Results
The overall survival rate was 94%, successful outcome 85% in 4.3 + 1.2 years follow-up. Observed wide resection, distilled water as adjuvant, chemo & radiotherapy significantly shows excellent result over our compared chondrosarcoma literature datas. We have also marked that females and humerus bone are more affected by chondrosarcoma among those literatures data.

Conclusions
Low-grade chondrosarcoma of the skeleton can be treated with wide resection and by the use of distilled water, which give good oncological outcome and a very low rate of post-surgical complications, as well as chondrosarcoma all grades recurrence.
Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Serous Cystadenomas and Mucinous Cystadenomas: Utility of Texture Analysis in Combination with Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Yang Jing , Guo Xinli , Zhang Weiwei , Song Jinen , Ma Xuelei , Xu Hui
Published: August 2019

Background Texture analysis of medical images has been reported to be a reliable technique for differential diagnosis of neoplasms. This study was to investigate the performance of textural features and the combined performance of textural features and morphological characteristics in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic serous and mucinous cystadenomas. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 59 patients with pancreatic serous cystadenoma and 32 patients with pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma at our hospital. Textural features were extracted using the LifeX software, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was applied to select the textural features. The differential diagnostic abilities of morphological features, textural features, and their combination were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as the main indicator. Results The combination of morphological characteristics and textural features showed a higher AUC (0.893, 95% CI 0.816-0.970) than use of morphological characteristics (0.783, 95% CI 0.665-0.900) or textural features (0.777, 95% CI 0.673-0.880) alone. Conclusions In conclusion, our preliminary results highlighted the potential of CT texture analysis to discriminate pancreatic serous cystadenomas from mucinous cystadenomas. Furthermore, the combination of morphological and textural features can significantly improve the diagnostic performance, which may provide a reliable method to select patients with indication of surgical intervention in consideration of the different treatment principles of the two diseases.
The diagnostic value of 3D-ASL in vertebral artery stenosis among individuals at risk of stroke
Authors: Xu DanDan , Huang XinMing , Cai GuoEn , Yang XiaoXia , Wang YingQing , Sun Bin , Chen XiaoChun , Ye QinYong
Published: August 2019

Background: This study explored the predictive value of 3D-ASL for vertebral artery stenosis (VAS) in individuals at risk of stroke.
Methods: A total of 43 participants at risk of stroke were enrolled in our study. All participants underwent 3D-ASL and carotid artery computed tomography angiography (CTA) or cervical vascular ultrasound. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in the left and right frontal lobes, temporal lobes, parietal lobes, occipital lobes, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Calculate the CBF BI (CBF BI means: The absolute value of the difference in cerebral blood flow in the corresponding brain regions on the left and right sides of the enrolled personnel) of the corresponding brain regions of the left and right between the VAS group and the non-VAS group respectively. To evaluate the predictive value of 3D-ASL for vascular stenosis in participants at risk of stroke, we used two-sample t-tests to determine if there were significant differences in BI.
Results: Among 43 participants at risk of stroke we recruited, 20 participants with vertebral artery stenosis (the VAS group) and 23 without vertebral artery stenosis (the non-VAS group). There were significant differences in BI of the occipital lobe between the VAS group and the non-VAS group (p < 0.05). According to the occipital lobe BI value, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) demonstrated best diagnostic limits of 10.46 ml/(100g×min).
Conclusion: Using 3D-ASL to detect cerebral blood flow and calculate the difference of bilateral occipital cerebral blood flow which can help to diagnose vertebral artery stenosis in high risk population of stroke.
Throat colonization and antibiotic susceptibility of group A β-hemolytic streptococci among rheumatic heart disease patients attending a cardiac referral hospital in Tanzania, A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Wangilisasi Sarah , Chillo Pilly , Kimambo Delila , Janabi Mohammed , Kamuhabwa Appolinary
Published: August 2019

Background: Secondary prophylaxis against repeated attacks of acute rheumatic fever is an important intervention in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and it aims to prevent throat infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GAS), however its implementation faces many challenges. This study aimed to assess throat colonization, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with GAS colonization among patients with RHD attending care at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study of RHD patients attending the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute was conducted from March to May 2018, where we consecutively enrolled all patients known to have RHD and coming for their regular clinic follow-up. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain patients’ socio-demographic information, factors associated with GAS colonization as well as status of secondary prophylaxis use and adherence. Throat swabs were taken and cultured to determine the presence of GAS, and isolates of GAS were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) version 2015. Antibiotics of interest were chosen according to the Tanzanian Treatment Guidelines. Results: In total 194 patients with RHD were enrolled, their mean age was 28.4 ±16.5 years and 58.2% were females. Only 58 (29.9%) patients were on regular prophylaxis, 39 (20.1%) had stopped taking prophylaxis, while 97 (50.0%) had never been on prophylaxis. Throat cultures were positive for GAS in 25 (12.9%) patients. Patients who stopped prophylaxis were 3.26 times more likely to be colonized by GAS when compared to patients on regular prophylaxis. Majority (96%) of GAS isolates were susceptible to Penicillin, Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin, while the highest resistance (20%) was observed with Vancomycin. No GAS resistance was observed against Penicillin. Conclusion: The prevalence of GAS throat colonization is high among this population and is associated with stopping prophylaxis. The proportion of patients on regular secondary prophylaxis is unacceptably low and interventions should target both patients’ and physicians’ barriers to effective secondary prophylaxis.
Comorbidities associated with HPV and HSV infections among people living with HIV-1 in the Southeastern US: a retrospective clinical cohort study
Authors: Ye Yuanfan , Burkholder Greer A. , Wiener Howard W. , Griffin Russell , Aslibekyan Stella , Fry Karen , Khan Ashraf , Shrestha Sadeep
Published: August 2019

Background

The southeastern US is a domestic epicenter for incident HIV with high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) co-infections. However, epidemics of HPV and HSV- associated clinical conditions (CC) among people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH) are not fully known.

Methods

Electronic medical records (EMR) of PLWH attending one of the leading HIV clinics in the southeastern US between 2006 and 2018 were reviewed and analyzed. The retrospective study was nested within the University of Alabama at Birmingham HIV clinical cohort, which has electronically collected over 7000 PLWH’s clinical and sociobehavioral data since 1999. Incidence rates of HPV-related CC including anogenital warts, penile, anal, cervical, and vaginal/vulvar low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL) and HSV- related CC including anogenital herpetic ulcers were estimated in per 10000 person years. Joinpoint regressions were performed to examine temporal changes in the trends of incident CC. All rates and trends were stratified by gender and race.

Results

Of the 4,484 PLWH eligible individuals (3,429 men, 1,031 women, and 24 transgender), we observed 1,038 and 425 patients with HPV-and HSV-related CC respectively, and 163 patients with both conditions. The mean log10 viral load (VL) was higher in all of the case groups than the non-cases with neither conditions (5.0) (whereas the median nadir CD4 counts (cells/uL) was higher in the non-cases than in any of the case groups (P<0.05). Anogenital warts, anal LSIL, HSIL, and cancer were more likely to be diagnosed among HIV-infected men than women. White men presented more frequently with anal LSIL and anal and penile cancers than black men (P<0.03). White women were also more likely to be diagnosed with cervical HSIL (P=0.023) and cancer (P=0.037) than black women By contrast, herpetic ulcers were more frequent in women than men.

Conclusions

There were significant differences between gender and race with incidence of HPV- and HSV-related CC among HIV patients. EMR-based studies provide insights on understudied epidemics; however, large-scale studies in other regions are needed to generalize current findings and draw public health attention to co-infection induced non-AIDS defining comorbidities among PLWH.
Mental Health Effects Of Biomarkers In Chronic Renal Failure: Stress And Alexithymia Dimention
Authors: Tayaz Esra , Koç Ayşegül
Published: August 2019

Background: Chronic renal failure causes many physical problems in patients. Hemodialysis treatment and the stress that accompanies the treatment are high and this constitutes a basis for alexithymia. Changes in biomarkers cause physical symptoms and increase individuals’ stress levels.
Methods: The sample for the researcher was completed with 72 individuals. Demographic data form, biochemical data form, Hemodialysis Stressor Scale, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale were used in this study.
Results: Individuals participating in the study found that the perceived stress levels were high in all dimensions and 59.7% were alexithymic. The relationship between Toronto alexithmia scale and hemodialysis stressor scale and the selected biomarkers was determined (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It was concluded that stress and alexithymic feelings were high among hemodialysis patients and it was suggested the awareness of health professionals and patients should be increased in areas of coping with stress and emotional management in hemodialysis treatment patients.
Accuracy of Planar Anteversion Measurements in Anteroposterior Radiographs
Authors: Lee Gwang Chul , Lee Sang Hong , Kang Sin Wook , Park Hyung Suk , Jo Suenghwan
Published: August 2019

Introduction Number of methods has been suggested to measure anteversion in the simple AP radiograph and a few studies have validated their accuracy and reliability. In the current study, we compared six widely used anteversion measurement methods using two different radiographs (conventional pelvis AP vs hip centered AP) in order to determine which measurement method and which radiograph provides highest accuracy and reliability. Material and methods We developed custom made two planar anteversion measurement models for the validation. Each models are designed for Pelvis AP and hip AP. The radiographs were taken with the both models’ inclination changing from 10° to 70° at 10° increments and for each inclination angles, anteversion was changed from 0° to 30° at 5° increments. Therefore, the x-ray of the two models were taken in 49 scenarios. The measurements were done independently by two orthopaedic surgeons blinded from each other using 6 methods : 1) Pradhan et al, 2) Lewinak et al, 3) Widmer et al, and 4) Liaw et al. 5) Hassan et al, 6) Ackland et al. Result The highest accuracy was found when Liaw method was used in hip centered AP radiograph which showed difference of 1.37° ± 1.73. Also, regardless of the type of the radiographs, Pradhan, Lewinnek, Liaw all showed relatively high accuracy. However, substantial difference was found when Widmer, Hassan, Ackland method were utilized regardless of the type of radiograph used. When the anteversion were measured in the inclination between 30° and 50°, Pradhan’s method in pelvis AP showed the highest accuracy (1.23° ± 0.92°). Also, we found no significant difference when measured anteversions were compared between Pelvis AP and hip centered AP. Conclusion The study indicates that the Pradhan, Liaw and Lewinnek method may provide the relatively accurate anteversion measurement regardless of the type of the radiographs. Also, it would be unnecessary to take the hip centered AP radiographs in addition to the pelvis AP radiographs for the purpose of measuring anteversion.
Differences in the Microsurface and Microvascular Features between Early Gastric Cancer of Corpus and Antrum under Narrow Band Imaging Magnifying Endoscopy
Authors: Zhuang Qian , Wang Jing , Luo Shengzheng , Wu Xiaowan , Cheng Jinnian , Qian Yueqin , Gong Xiaoyuan , Zhou Hui , Wan Xinjian
Published: August 2019

Objectives Microsurface structure (MS) and microvascular features (MV) of early gastric cancer (EGC) are associated with the histologic type, invasion depth and macroscopic shape of lesions. However, no studies have reported the differences in the MS and MV features between EGCs of antrum and corpus under magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI).Methods This is a retrospective study including 116 patients with EGC. The characteristics of MS and MV pattern of EGC were evaluated in 2 group, antrum type and corpus type.Results According to the Sakaki’s classification, the MS of EGCs presented as IV, V1 or VI typein in sequence, one level higher than the previous type in the degree of atypia. Tumor location and differentiated degree were identified as independent predictors for MS pattern. For the probability of at least one level higher, in the MS pattern, the corporal EGCs was 5.84 times as high as that of antral EGCs ( χ 2 =9.42, P=0.002, 95%CI 1.89-18.05), and undifferentiated-type lesions was 8.82 times as high as that of the differentiated-type lesions ( χ 2 =11.67, P=0.001, 95%CI 2.53-30.76). No difference in the MV pattern was observed between antral EGCs and corporal EGCs (P=0.7), while the microvascular pattern and microsurface pattern (VS pattern, FNP, ILL-1, ILL-2 and CSP) were significantly different between those 2 groups (P=0.001).Conclusions There are significant differences in the MS and VS pattern of EGC between antrum and corpus types. The antral EGC is less obvious than the corporal EGC, therefore, it is more likely to be missed in clinical gastroscopy.
The challenge of safe anesthesia in developing countries: defining the problems in a medical center in Cambodia
Authors: Tao Kun-ming , Sokha Sann , Yuan Hong-bin
Published: August 2019

Background: The International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia (ISSPA) were developed on behalf of the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists and the World Health Organization. It is a good assessment tool that allows anesthetic providers in developing countries to assess their compliance and needs. This study was performed to describe the anesthesia service in one main public hospital during an 8-month medical mission in Cambodia and evaluate its anesthetic safety issues according to the ISSPA. Methods: We conduct a retrospective study involving 1953 patients at the Preah Ket Mealea hospital. Patient demographics, anesthetic techniques, and complications were reviewed according to the registers of the anesthetic services and questionnaires. The inadequacies in personnel, facilities, equipment, medications, and conduct of anesthesia drugs were recorded using a checklist based on the ISSPA. Results: A total of 1792 patients received general and regional anesthesia in the operating room, while 161 patients receiving sedation for gastroscopy. The patients’ mean age was 45.0 ± 16.6 years (range, 17–87 years). The three most common surgical procedures were abdominal (52.0%; confidence interval [CI], 49.3–54.7), orthopedic (27.6%; CI, 25.2–29.9), and urological surgery (14.7%; CI, 12.8–16.6). General anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, and brachial plexus block were performed in 54.3% (CI, 51.7–56.8), 28.2% (CI, 25.9–30.5), and 9.4% (CI, 7.9–10.9) of patients, respectively. One death occurred. Twenty-six items related to professional aspects, monitoring, and conduct of anesthesia did not meet the ISSPA-recommended standards. A lack of commonly used drugs and monitoring equipment was noted, posing major threats to the safety of anesthesia practice, especially in emergency situations. Conclusions: This study adds to the scarce literature on anesthesia practice in low- and middle-income countries such as Cambodia. Future medical assistance should help to strengthen these countries’ inadequacies, allowing for the adoption of international standards for the safe practice of anesthesia.
A novel PCR method targeting staphostatin genes differentiates Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis in clinical isolates and nasal microbiome samples
Authors: Ghattas Marina Zoheir , ElRakaiby Marwa Tarek , Aziz Ramy Karam , Zedan Hamdallah H.
Published: August 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen associated with community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections, and is known for rapid acquisition of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis is another staphylococcal species commonly seen as a commensal, but may cause opportunistic infections. These two closely related species may naturally co-colonize and inhabit the human skin and nose; thus it is important to develop methods to differentiate between them. Conventional differentiation methods (e.g., mannitol salt agar, coagulase test, Analytical Profile Index kits) require culturing and isolating the bacteria, while molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or sequencing are culture independent, highly accurate, and sensitive. They may be objectively interpreted and can be adapted for high-throughput assays. Here, we aimed to develop a rapid and accurate method to differentiate mixtures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis in clinical isolates and microbiome samples. Using comparative genomics tools (e.g., MetaRef and PATRIC bioinformatics resource center), we compared the core and pan genomes of S. aureus and S. epidermidis to determine signature genes for each species. Among candidate genes, we chose the virulence genes, staphostatin B and staphostatin A as genetic biomarkers for S. aureus and S. epidermidis, respectively. We designed PCR primers that target specific sequences within each gene and tested them on DNA isolated from laboratory strains, clinical isolates, nasal isolates, and nasal swabs. Our developed method is simple, specific, sensitive, and can be applied to metagenomic samples as well as competition or co-evolution studies in which the two organisms are co-cultured.
Žižekova nezavršena kopernikanska revolucija
Authors: Dolar Bahovec Eva
Published: August 2019

S obzirom na znanstveni razvoj, psihoanaliza je uspoređivana s kopernikanskom ili darvinovskom revolucijom. Freud je svoje ime uvrstio u poznatu usporedbu s Kopernikom i Darwinom uvodeći pojam triju udaraca čovjekovu narcizmu, određujući svoje otkriće psihoanalize kao najopasniji posljednji udarac. Rad ispituje mogući kontinuitet serije najvećih znanstvenih revolucija u Jacquesa Derridaa i Slavoja Žižeka. Derrida je Koperniku, Darwinu i Freudu dodao ime Karla Marxa kao četvrti, remeteći udarac, određujući ga ‘u ime revolucije’ kao znatno goreg, postavljajući nas kao Marxove nasljednike u položaj duga i žalovanja. Derrida je iskoristio svoje frojdovsko čitanje Marxova udarca u kontekstu užasa oktobarske revolucije, staljinizma, holokausta i dr., dok je Slavoj Žižek, također povezujući Freuda i Marxa, ispitao nasljedstvo Kopernika, Darwina i Freuda pomoću ‘mnogih drugih’. Članak se usmjerava na Žižekovu ideju ‘mnogih drugih’, u kontekst stavljajući Lacanov povratak Freudu i prolongirajući ga u kontekstu feminističke revolucije. Zaključuje se da se Žižekovo obrazloženje Lacanova povratka Freuda bez i iza lacanovskog feminističko-psihoanalitičkog inzistiranja na središnjosti seksualne razlike može razumjeti kao Žižekova nedovršena kopernikanska revolucija.
Prosudbeno vjerovanje
Authors: Potrč Matjaž
Published: August 2019

Što je vjerovanje? Da bi se odgovorilo na ovo pitanje, pokušat će se rekonstruirati oblikovanje-vjerovanja. Ono otkriva isprepletenost dviju dimenzija, a na gornjem se kraju nalazi istina kao objektivni teleološki cilj oblikovanja-vjerovanja. Ovaj cilj temelji se na gnijezdnoj hijerarhiji uzajamno podržanih podciljeva: objektivnih dokaza, transglobalne pouzdanosti, nečijeg doksastičkog senzibiliteta i nečega što je sve-u ultima facie doksastički privid. Donji kraj hijerarhije subjektivan je i deontičan, dok se u sredini miješaju teleološki i deontički elementi. Vanjski ili opisni sastojci za oblikovanje-vjerovanja postaju disciplinirani kroz ne-instrumentalnu teleologiju i deontologiju. Teleologija-deontologija koja se isprepliće u oblikovanju-vjerovanja otkriva da vjerovanje dijeli nekoliko značajki s valjanim sudom: s fenomenološkom osnovom, predanošću, senzibilitetom i odgovornošću. Ispreplitanje teleologije-deontologije također karakterizira i kvazi-agresivni prikaz intencionalnosti. Vjerovanje, poput onoga koje se pretežno pojavljuje u epistemologiji i etici, osigurava reduciranu verziju pravog suda, tako da je u stanju udovoljiti eksternalističkom i deskriptivističkom programu, uklanjajući teleologiju-deontologiju. Perspektiva prosudbenog vjerovanja oživljava se jednom kada epistemologija vrline i etika vrline dobiju svoju podršku kroz nečiji karakter.
Besmisao »primijenjene etike«
Authors: Čović Ante
Published: August 2019

Aktualni proces fragmentiranja etike na brojne posebne etike autor u polazištu članka ocjenjuje kao proces destruiranja etike kao filozofske discipline. To dovodi u vezu s povijesnim neuspjehom etike koja zbog kategorijalnih ograničenja nije bila u stanju odgovoriti na izazove uznapredovale znanstveno-tehničke civilizacije, uslijed čega je nastao »etički vakuum« (H. Jonas). U reakciji na etički vakuum nastale su brojne etičke inicijative koje autor, prema učincima na rehabilitaciju uloge tradicionalne etike i na stvaranje novog orijentacijskog okvira, razvrstava na destruktivnu i produktivnu liniju. Na produktivnoj crti prevladavanja etičkog vakuuma nastala je bioetika koja je, zajedno s drugim etičkim projektima, stvorila novo orijentacijsko ozračje koje autor naziva »novom etičkom kulturom«. Na destruktivnoj liniji, uz inflaciju posebnih etika, pojavio se i poseban oblik destrukcije u vidu implantiranja »primijenjene etike«, koju autor označava kao besmislen pojam, u tkivo tradicionalne etike. Potom autor izlaže tri glavna problema primijenjene etike. Prvi je glavni problem supstancijalne naravi i sastoji se u tome što ona nema i u načelu ne može imati neupitne norme kao objekt primjene. Drugi je glavni problem metodološke naravi i sastoji se u neprimjerenosti i neprihvaćenosti deduktivizma kao modela primjenjivanja etičkih normi na praksu. Treći je glavni problem uporabne naravi i sastoji se u razvijanju mita o praktičnosti primijenjene etike. Autor izvodi zaključak da primijenjena etika nije ni etički koncept ni etički projekt nego marketinški 'brend' koji se na etičkom planu ispostavlja kao besmisao. U poanti članka autor tvrdi da je primijenjena etika postala institucijom etičkog apsurda u onom trenutku kada je kao isprazna marketinška etiketa preuzela prazno mjesto objekta primjene i ulogu opće etike za nepovezani i nedefinirani konglomerat posebnih etika koje su pretvorene u njene grane.
DENİZYOLUYLA TAŞINAN EŞYALARIN GEÇ TESLİMİ HALİNDE YAPILMASI GEREKEN BİLDİRİME İLİŞKİN DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: TAŞKIN Melda
Published: August 2019

Denizyolu ile eşya taşıma
sözleşmesinde taşıyan aynı zamanda eşyayı gecikmeksizin teslim etmekle de
yükümlüdür. Lahey Kuralları’nda veya Lahey - Visby Kuralları’nda taşıyanın
eşyanın zıyaından ve  hasarından
sorumluluğu düzenlenmiş; geç teslimden ileri gelen sorumluluğa ilişkin bir
hükme yer verilmemiştir. Eşyanın geç tesliminden sorumluluğunun ilk defa özel
olarak düzenlendiği uluslararası belge Hamburg Kuralları’dır. Diğer taraftan,
eski Türk Ticaret Kanunu’ndan farklı olarak, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret
Kanunu’nda, taşıyanın eşyanın geç tesliminden sorumluluğuna ilişkin özel bir
düzenleme yer almaktadır. Bu çerçevede, TTK m.1185’te, gönderilenin eşyanın geç
teslim edildiği hususunda taşıyana yapması gereken bildirime ilişkin temel
esaslar düzenlenmiştir. Hamburg Kuralları’ndan tercüme edilmek suretiyle Türk
Ticaret Kanunu’na aynen aktarılan bu hükmün geç teslim bildirimine ilişkin bazı
boşluklar ihtiva ettiğini söylemek mümkündür. Çalışmada, eşyanın zamanında
teslim edilmemesi halinde yapılacak bildirime ilişkin bazı hususlar, TTK
m.1185’teki hükmün (ve hükmün mehazı olan Hamburg Kuralları Art. 19 / 5’in)
ihdas edilme amacı ve Türk Borçlar Kanunu’ndaki temel esaslar çerçevesinde
incelenmiştir.
Implementation of Honesty Culture in Aceh Sukma Bangsa School, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Suud Fitriah , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Madjid Abd.
Published: August 2019

This study aims to summarize the experience of developing a system of “honesty culture” in the Sukma Bangsa School, Aceh, Indonesia. Data collection in qualitative. Research was conducted.The results of this qualitative research show that honesty culture can be implemented with a strong school system. The process of implementing honesty culture takes place through 4 stages, they are the stages of protection, introduction, habituation inside and outside the classroom, and celebrations.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dirancang untuk merangkum pengalaman mengembangkan sistem budaya jujur di Sekolah Sukma Bangsa. Aceh, Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya jujur dapat diterapkan dengan sistem sekolah yang kuat. Proses penerapan budaya jujur berlangsung melalui 4 (empat) tahapan, yaitu tahap persetujuan, pengenalan, pembiasaan di dalam dan di luar kelas, tahap evaluasi dan selebrasi. Dalam mendukung budaya jujur, sekolah membangun hubungan keakraban dengan semua sivitas akademika dan membuat aturan main yang jelas.
The Relevance of Al-Ghazali’s Tazkiyatun-Nafs Concept With Islamic Education in The Millennial Era.
Authors: Musrifah Musrifah
Published: August 2019

This study aims to know the relevance of Al-Ghazali’s tazkiyatun-nafs concept to Islamic education. This study uses the library research method with content analysis. The results showed that there were two relevance of al Ghazali's thinking about tazkiyatunnafs towards Islamic Education, namely first, that the purity of soul (tazkiyatun nafs) in Islamic education became a basic and very important thing for students to acquire useful knowledge. Science comes from Allah Swt The Most Holy. Second, A healthy soul as a result of tazkiyatun-nafs is the key to the success of students amid the millennial life that has a very rapid change through information technology

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui relevansi konsep tazkiyatun-nafs Al-Ghazali dengan pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research dengan content analysis.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Relevansi pemikiran al Ghazali tentang tazkiyatunnafs terhadap Pendidikan Islam di era millennial ada dua yaitu pertama, kebersihan jiwa (tazkiyatun nafs)  al Ghazali dalam pendidikan Islam  menjadi hal yang bersifat dasar dan sangat penting untuk dimiliki anak didik agar memperolah ilmu yang bermanfaat.  Karena Ilmu itu datangnya dari Allah Swt yang Maha Suci, shalatnya jiwa, dan peribadatannya batin kepada Allah Swt. Kedua, jiwa yang sehat hasil dari tazkiyatun-nafs merupakan kunci bagi kesuksesan anak didik ditengah kehidupan millennial yang mempunyai sifat perubahan yang sangat cepat melalui teknologi informasi
Criminal responsibility for suicide and incitement to suicide
Authors: Aigunov Zhabrail Saiputinovich
Published: August 2019

In this article has been analyzed the criminal responsibility for suicide (Article 110 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code), the peculiarities of its objective and the subjective side, and qualification problems in the investigation of this crime. Objective: to give a general description, and find out the legal significance of the responsibility, for bringing to suicide in the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Frailty among HIV-1 Infected Adults under Antiretroviral Therapy in Indonesia
Authors: Wulunggono Wulunggono , Yunihastuti Evy , Shatri Hamzah , Wahyudi Edy Rizal , Ophinni Youdiil
Published: August 2019

Background:

Increasing age of HIV-1 infected population brought about the risk of frailty as comorbidity, whose prevalence is higher in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Indonesia as an LMIC also bears a major burden of HIV-1 epidemic with a similarly aging population, but the prevalence of frailty and its predictors are unknown.

Objectives:

To identify the prevalence of frailty and analyze its associated factors, among HIV-1 infected adults under antiretroviral therapy in Indonesia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected individuals with inclusion criteria of age ≥30 years old and underwent ART for at least 6 months. The main assessment was done using Fried’s frailty phenotype score, which categorizes subjects into non-frail, pre-frail, or frail. Factors associated with frailty were characterized and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results:

A total of 164 subjects were recruited; male subjects were 118 (72%), the median age was 40.5 years old, and the median CD4 nadir was 53 cells/μl. Frailty was identified among 90 (54.9%) subjects with 84 (51.2%) identified as pre-frail and 6 (3.7%) as frail, with dominant frailty phenotype was weakness in grip strength. The multivariate model showed that depression was the only factor significantly correlated with pre-frailty and frailty (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.04-4.43, p=0.036).

Conclusion:

Frailty is a common occurrence among HIV-infected patients under ART, with depression as an independent predictive factor.
Harnessing Stem Cell Potential for the Treatment of Erectile Function in Men with Diabetes Mellitus: From Preclinical/Clinical Perspectives to Penile Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gur Serap , Hellstrom Wayne J.G.
Published: August 2019

Background::

According to the World Health Organization, more than 150 million people are diabetic, and this number will increase twofold by the year 2025. Diabetes-related complications affect all body organ systems, including the penis. Diabetes-induced Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is caused by neuropathy of the penile nerves and vasculopathy involving the smooth muscle and endothelium of the corpus cavernosum.

Objective::

This study aims to present an overview of Stem Cell (SC) research in diabetic animal models of ED, focusing on the function, signaling, and niches that have a prominent role in the regeneration of cavernosal cells and penile tissues. We highlight common erectile pathologies caused by diabetes and review relevant preclinical trials. We also discuss paracrine mechanisms of various SC therapies involved in the repair of endothelial cells and cavernous nerves in these diabetic models.

Method::

A PubMed search was performed, with dates ranging from inception until Mar 31, 2019.

Results::

This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the various strategies that have been investigated for improving SC delivery methods, through preclinical literature and published clinical trials regarding ED in men with diabetes. Various cell-type applications have benefited erectile function in diabetic models of ED.

Conclusion::

This review examines the progress and remaining challenges in diabetes-related SC research regarding ED. Moving forward, it is only with a combined effort of basic biology and translational work that the potential of SC-based therapies in diabetes in ED can be realized.
Preparation and Biological Evaluation of 67Gallium- Labeled Iranian Hemiscorpius Lepturus Scorpion Venom
Authors: Jalali Amir , Zahmatkesh Mona Haddad , Jalilian Amir Reza , Borujeni Amir Taheri , Alirezapour Behrouz
Published: August 2019

Background:

The Hemiscorpius lepturus (H. lepturus) is a deadly scorpion species living in
the southern Iran.

Objective:

H. lepturus induces delayed toxicity symptoms and understanding the long term biodistribution/
biokinetic of the venom is of great interest in toxicology.

Methods:

A Ga-67 labeled venom was prepared using a DOTA -conjugated venom followed by radiolabeling
using 67GaCl3 at 40°C for 90 min. The purification of the radiolabeled venom was performed
using size exclusion-chromatography (radiochemical purity 71%). The radiolabeled venom was stable
in the final solution in the presence of human serum at 37°C for 72 hours. The tissue distribution was
studied in blood, heart, liver, spleen, muscle, brain, kidney, intestine and skin tissues at the intervals of
1, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours using tissue counting and SPECT imaging.

Results:

The radiolabeled venom mixture obtained with an estimated molar activity of 0.52 MBq/μg.
The main accumulation tissues during the first 72 hours were kidneys, blood, liver, intestines, stomach
and skin, respectively. Therefore, it is likely that H. lepturus’ clinical effects and renal toxicity are
primary and caused by direct effects of the H. lepturus venom.

Conclusion:

The results have largely shown the direct clinical effects on the studied tissues during the
72-hour period and antivenom administration can strongly alleviate the toxicity effects as early as 72
hours in the management of the patients.
APPLICATION OF MODELS OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS FIRE FIGHTING RESCUE UNITS
Authors: Stepanov O. I. , Khudyakova S. A.
Published: August 2019

Objectives It was proposed to review the structure of the fire and rescue divisions management system, based on the decomposition of the forces and means of the subdivisions into fire extinguishing positions and ensuring fire extinguishing actions.

Method The structural and functional model of the development of the fire and rescue divisions management system has been clarified, which allows to present the stages of the development of the system as components of a single fire extinguishing process. The reasons for the lack of information about the situation at the site of a fire in a person who makes management decisions regarding the forces and means of fire and rescue units are given.

Result The analysis of information about the situation at the place of fire consumed by the person making management decisions. The structure of the database of the object of possible fire as a source of design parameters for the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units is given. The structure of the settlement module of the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units in the organization of extinguishing fires in buildings is proposed. The conditions for the interaction of the person making management decisions in relation to the forces and means of fire and rescue divisions with the software of management support systems and documents of preliminary planning of actions of the divisions for fighting fires and conducting rescue operations are given.

Conclusion The software implementation of the models of information and analytical support systems for the management of fire and rescue units makes it possible to formalize the process of researching the fires that have occurred. The direction of perspective integration of models of information and analytical systems support systems for fire and rescue units in their activities is given.
NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR CALCULATION ALGORITHM FOR THIN-WALLED SYSTEMS
Authors: Murtazaliev G. M. , Payzulaev M. M.
Published: August 2019

Objectives The emergence of modern high-strength materials leads to the creation of thin-walled structures in various fields of technology. To obtain the necessary information about their behavior under load, one should analyze all the characteristic features encountered at all stages of their loading - at the initial (initial) stage of their operation, taking into account one or more types of nonlinearities, find possible critical states and, depending on the type of stability loss, study the nature of the initial stage of postcritical deformation. Based on an algorithm combining approximate analytical and numerical methods, the article solves the model problem — studying the behavior of a thin-walled spherical shell under load.

Method. The study is based on solving the nonlinear problem of determining the stress-strain state at the initial - axisymmetric stage of work; critical (bifurcation) load values; analysis of the nature of post-bifurcation behavior. The work uses a variant of the general theory of stability and postcritical behavior of structures previously developed by V.T. Coiter.

Result. The solution of such a general problem associated with discontinuous phenomena is carried out on the basis of mathematical ideas formulated in the theory of branching solutions of nonlinear equations. The values of the coefficients characterizing the initial stage of the post-bifurcation behavior of the shells and, from a practical point of view, the relations between the critical and limiting values of the loads are obtained. It is shown that depending on the area of the shell surface part loaded by the distributed load, the nature of the initial stage of postcritical deformation changes not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively.

Conclusion. The most effective in solving problems associated with discontinuous phenomena are combinations of approximate analytical ones - catastrophe theory and numerical methods that do not require complex, timeconsuming and significant amounts of computation. Analysis of the initial stage of the postbifurcation behavior of structures allows us to assess the degree of danger of reaching a critical state, which is achieved by taking into account the values of the corresponding reliability coefficients in the calculations.
ANALYSIS OF ERROR DISTRIBUTION DENSITY IN DETERMINING THE COORDINATES OF EARTHING EARTH IN THE METHODS OF SPHERES AND ELLIPSOIDS
Authors: Aslanov T. G. , Musaeva U. A.
Published: August 2019

Objectives The purpose of the study is to obtain an expression for determining the coordinates of the earthquake focus using the ellipsoid method, as well as testing the possibility of using the method using the figures of the second order of the ellipsoid during the initial determination of the coordinates of the earthquake hypocenter.

Method A comparative analysis of the probability density of errors in the hypocentral zone of the earth's surface, in combination with various spheres, ellipsoid and hyperboloid and ellipsoids, is carried out.

Result Obtained an expression for determining the coordinates of the earthquake focus by the method of ellipsoids, as well as the density of the distribution of error probabilities in the determination of the earthquake hypocenter the in calculations by the method of spheres, by the combined method of spheres, hyperboloid and ellipsoid, and also by the method of ellipsoids.

Conclusion Methods used to determine the coordinates of the hypocenter ellipsoid, have large errors in comparison with the method of areas. This can explained by the fact that in determining the coordinates of the hypocenter in the sphere method, three errors are used in determining the difference in the travel times of seismic waves, while in the ellipsoid method and the combined method of the sphere of the ellipsoid and hyperboloid have four errors, which introduces final errors in the distribution. All the obtained dependences of the error distribution have the form close to the Cauchy distribution.
The Journey of Cultural Heritage Protection as a Common Goal for Human Kind: Rosenberg to Al-Mahdi
Authors: Roman Erez
Published: August 2019

This paper intends to examine and analyse the role, if any, played by motive and intent in the legal qualification and prosecution of cultural heritage destruction. The ongoing power struggles in the Near-East and the Northern Africa regions have had devastating effects on the people living in the region as well as on cultural heritage sites. Nevertheless, such conflict-related destruction of cultural heritage is not new, as exemplified by the persecution of Jews prior to the Second World War. Different legal instruments such as the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict  and the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2347 were adopted to protect cultural heritage barring importance for all of humankind. By comparing these instruments and assessing different cases, I will study the evolving role of these factors in the legal qualification and prosecution of cultural heritage destruction. As such acts continue to take place in countries such as Syria and Afghanistan and cause the destruction of a millennium’s worth of cultural memorabilia, a better understanding of the reasons behind such occurrences is key to effective prosecution.
Crecimiento de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) con alimento para conejos y suplementación de vitamina C
Authors: Trejo-Sánchez Francisco , Mendoza-Martínez German D. , Plata Perez Fernando Xicotencatl , Martínez-García José A , Villarreal-Espino-Barros Oscar A.
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. Evaluar el consumo, la digestibilidad y el crecimiento de cuyes alimentados con dos alimentos (A y K) formulados para esta especie y un alimento para conejos en crecimiento con suplementación de vitamina C (AC+VC). Materiales y métodos. Dieciocho cuyes (Cavia porcellus) de 248±38 g de peso vivo inicial se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial 3 × 2 (tipo de alimento y género). La ingesta de alimento, fibra detergente neutro, el aumento de peso, la conversión alimenticia, y los cambios en las variables morfométricas se midieron diariamente, mientras que la digestibilidad de la MS y FDN se determinaron al final del periodo. Resultados. No hubo diferencias en el consumo de MS (p=0.88); sin embargo, la digestibilidad de la MS fue mayor (p<0.01) en los alimentos para cuyes e inferior en AC+VC. El consumo y digestibilidad de FDN fueron mayores en AC+VC (p<0.01). La ganancia diaria fue similar entre los tratamientos (p>0.05). No hubo diferencias (p>0.01) en las variables morfométricas entre los alimentos, pero los machos fueron más grandes que las hembras (p<0.01). Conclusiones. Los cuyes pueden ser alimentados con alimento de conejo suplementado con vitamina C.