bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hot Axial Rotary Forging of Flanges Standard EN 1092
Authors: Aksenov L.B. , Kunkin Sergey , Potapov Nikita M.
Published: September 2019

The paper considers the technology of manufacturing flange parts using local methods of metal forming. Various technologies of manufacturing of ring blanks for the subsequent rotary forging of flanges are offered and investigated. On the basis of computer simulation, the main dimensions of the workpiece have been chosen, providing the best forming parts and the parameters of the technology mode. The results of experimental studies have shown that this technology is possible to manufacture flanges according to EN 1092 using the process of axial rotary forging with cylindrical rolls. The use of local methods of deformation of metals allows expanding the possibilities of technological processes at lower power equipment.
Effect of Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Direct Laser Deposited Cold-Resistant Steel 09CrNi2MoCu for Arctic Application
Authors: Mendagaliev R.V. , Ivanov Sergei Yu. , Petrova S.G.
Published: September 2019

Effect of process parameters of microstructure formation and mechanical properties of direct laser deposited parts of cold-resistant steel 09CrNi2MoCu is studied. Due to local properties of buildup depends on thermal cycle during fabrication simulation of temperature field was carried out. The following cases were analysed: deposition of the first layer on massive substrate and deposition of a layer on the buildup far from the substrate. It was established that one time high temperature reheating of deposited layer has no effect on hardness while additional reheating up to lower temperature leads to considerable decrease in hardness by 87-100 HV. Far from substrate hardness and microstructure bands of 0.7-0.8 mm thickness have a hardness variation in the range of 250-300 HV. The area close to the substrate has a microstructure of upper bainite with higher hardness due to higher cooling rates during deposition. In the process of deposited, at a higher power, a quick process of heating and cooling occurs, and vice versa, which forms various products of bainite transformation. From the obtained modes were presented the results of tests for impact strength at low temperatures.
Effect of the Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering on Microstructure, Phase Composition and Chemical Elements Distribution of Nb-Si Based Composite
Authors: Goncharov I.S. , Razumov Nikolay G. , Shamshurin Aleksey I. , Wang Qing Sheng
Published: September 2019

Synthesis of the Nb-Si in-situ composite was attempted by mechanical alloying of element powders in vario-planetary ball mill. The particles size distribution was measured by laser diffraction, microstructures were examined with scanning electronic microscope, and the phase constituent were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The amorphization of the Si during mechanical alloying, large amount of deformation of Nb crystal structure, and after all – the formation of supersaturated solid solution of Nb was observed. To stabilize microstructure and phase composition, a spark plasma sintering was attempted. After SPS microstructure consist of three main phases – Nbss, Nb5Si3 and Nb3Si.
Investigation of Tribological Characteristics of Polymers Used in Medicine
Authors: Andriushchenko Ekaterina , Semenova Vlada , Yuan Pan
Published: September 2019

In this paper, an investigation of tribological properties of 3D printed samples with various filling is performed. The samples are made of biodegradable and non-toxic polylactic acid (PLA) that could be used for medical purposes as well as for rapid prototyping. The sample's properties, such as friction coefficient and temperature in contact area are defined by using the universal friction machine.
Relationship between land use and water quality in a watershed impacted by iron ore tailings and domestic sewage
Authors: Nascimento Laura Pereira do , Reis Deyse Almeida , Roeser Hubert Mathias Peter , Santiago Aníbal Da Fonseca
Published: September 2019

Changes in land use and land cover in watersheds, together with population increases and urbanization of these areas, have caused negative impacts on surface water quality. Based on land-use types, we conducted a comprehensive water quality study of the Rio do Peixe watershed, a tributary of the Rio Doce River, located in the Iron Quadrangle, with different land uses/land covers. For this study, the relationship between water quality variables and land use types were examined according to the water quality index and principal components analysis. The water samples were collected from twelve stations located along the basin in two different seasons. The results of metals/semimetals concentrations reflected regional lithology, and in the case of iron, it was anthropic activities. Also, the computed water quality index values were between 26.8 and 74.9. The water quality was poor in four stations of the river basin in both seasons. Furthermore, the variables that influence water quality the most were E. coli, DBO, turbidity, nitrate, and total phosphorus. The multivariate statistics gave five principal components that together accounted for 58.3%, whereas analysis of score plots identified the formation of two groups with more perceptible anthropic influence. Finally, environmental impacts of the river basin, such as deforestation, erosion, domestic sewage, and iron ore tailings, were the main factors that interfered with water quality.
Spatial distribution of aerosol microphysical and optical properties and direct radiative effect from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network
Authors: Che Huizheng , Xia Xiangao , Zhao Hujia , Dubovik Oleg , Holben Brent N. , Goloub Philippe , Cuevas-Agulló Emilio , Estelles Victor , Wang Yaqiang , Zhu Jun , Qi Bing , Gong Wei , Yang Honglong , Zhang Renjian , Yang Leiku , Chen Jing , Wang Hong , Zheng Yu , Gui Ke , Zhang Xiaochun , Zhang Xiaoye
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Multi-year observations of aerosol microphysical and optical properties,
obtained through ground-based remote sensing at 50 China Aerosol Remote
Sensing Network (CARSNET) sites, were used to characterize the aerosol
climatology for representative remote, rural, and urban areas over China to
assess effects on climate. The annual mean effective radii for total
particles (ReffT) decreased from north to south and from rural to urban
sites, and high total particle volumes were found at the urban sites. The
aerosol optical depth at 440 nm (AOD440 nm) increased from remote and rural
sites (0.12) to urban sites (0.79), and the extinction Ångström
exponent (EAE440–870 nm) increased from 0.71 at the arid and semi-arid sites
to 1.15 at the urban sites, presumably due to anthropogenic emissions.
Single-scattering albedo (SSA440 nm) ranged from 0.88 to 0.92,
indicating slightly to strongly absorbing aerosols. Absorption
AOD440 nm values were 0.01 at the remote sites versus 0.07 at the urban
sites. The average direct aerosol radiative effect (DARE) at the bottom of
atmosphere increased from the sites in the remote areas (−24.40 W m−2) to the
urban areas (−103.28 W m−2), indicating increased cooling at the latter.
The DARE for the top of the atmosphere increased from −4.79 W m−2 at the
remote sites to −30.05 W m−2 at the urban sites, indicating overall
cooling effects for the Earth–atmosphere system. A classification method
based on SSA440 nm, fine-mode fraction (FMF), and EAE440–870 nm showed that coarse-mode particles (mainly dust) were dominant at the
rural sites near the northwestern deserts, while light-absorbing, fine-mode
particles were important at most urban sites. This study will be important
for understanding aerosol climate effects and regional environmental
pollution, and the results will provide useful information for satellite
validation and the improvement of climate modelling.
El apoyo social durante el acogimiento: su relevancia para el bienestar de los niños y las niñas en situación de protección
Authors: Balsells Bailon Maria Angeles , Vaquero Tió Eduard , Ciurana Anna
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo se centra en el apoyo social formal e informal que reciben los niños y las niñas durante un proceso de acogimiento, cuando se les separa de su familia de origen por razones de seguridad hacia su integridad física, psíquica y/o emocional. Tras instaurarse una medida de protección, comienzan a sucederse una serie de cambios tanto de residencia como de convivencia, rutinas y hábitos que afectan a la estabilidad y bienestar emocional de la infancia. En este particular, el apoyo social constituye un factor clave que ayuda a los acogidos y a las acogidas a sobrellevar esta situación de intensos cambios difíciles de asimilar. Para comprender la relevancia de este apoyo se ha llevado a cabo una investigación cualitativa en cuatro regiones de España, utilizando grupos de discusión y entrevistas a 30 niños y niñas en medidas de acogimiento, a 42 padres y madres y a 63 profesionales del servicio de protección a la infancia. Los resultados muestran el valor que otorgan los acogidos y las acogidas al hecho de recibir apoyo social en esta etapa de su vida, tanto de su red formal como de su red informal. Especialmente, ponen en alza el apoyo recibido por parte de sus educadores y educadoras de referencia y de los hermanos y las hermanas con quienes conviven. Por otro lado, los hallazgos también subrayan la necesidad de incluir las voces de los niños y de las niñas en su propio proceso de acogimiento, así como en aquellas investigaciones que les conciernen.
La pedagogía de Janusz Korczak y los métodos de trabajo participativo con los niños por sus derechos humanos
Authors: Markowska-Manista Urszula , Zakrzewska-Oledzka Dominika Magdalena
Published: September 2019

En el texto se esbozan los enfoques pedagógicos y los métodos de trabajo participativo con los niños del Hogar de Huérfanos de Varsovia aplicados por Janusz Korczak (Henryk Goldszmit). Korczak era un pedagogo judeo-polaco, médico, activista por los derechos de los niños y autor importante tanto para niños como para adultos. Su pedagogía orientada hacia el niño se relaciona principalmente con la subjetividad del niño, la agencia infantil, los derechos del niño y su participación en actividades en favor de sus derechos en el lugar donde se desarrolla su vida cotidiana. Se trata de un enfoque orientado a los niños y basado en el respeto por el niño y la cooperación de los adultos en asociación con los niños. A través de la referencia al contexto y la situación, intentamos mostrar cómo los métodos korczakianos pueden ser utilizados en el mundo contemporáneo mientras se trabaja con niños en circunstancias difíciles para su funcionamiento, particularmente en ambientes cerrados – instituciones educativas, centros de refugiados y campamentos.
Evaluación de la sustentabilidad de fincas productoras de naranja (Citrus sinensis) variedad Valencia en la provincia de Chanchamayo, Junín, Perú
Authors: Camacho Wilfredo Ruiz , Otiniano Alberto Julca , Chipana Quispe Orlando Demetrio
Published: September 2019

El estudio se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de evaluar la sustentabilidad de fincas productoras de naranja (Citrus sinensis), variedad Valencia en la provincia de Chanchamayo, Junín, Perú. Para ello se utilizaron indicadores y subindicadores que permitieron detectar tendencias a nivel del sistema. Para el uso de indicadores se tomó en cuenta los aspectos económicos, ecológicos y socioculturales; y se trabajó con una población de 2200 productores, de la que se tomó una muestra de 135 de ellos. Los indicadores se estandarizaron y se ponderaron de acuerdo a su importancia, tomando en cuenta el criterio de los productores. Se hizo un taller para validar las encuestas, donde se invitó a los actores que tenían que ver con la cadena de la naranja (Citrus sinensis) variedadValencia, y se determinaron las preguntas; posteriormente se hizo una prueba de 20 encuestas al azar para determinar la complejidad de las preguntas, al final se ajustaron las preguntas y se procedió a las encuestas en toda la Provincia de Chanchamayo. Es muy importante destacar que las encuestas se llevaron a cabo en la finca de cada productor. El estudio de las fincas permitió obtener datos claros de las tendencias de sustentabilidad de forma general, puesto que cada grupo tiene sus propias características, las mismas que presentan una gran interdependencia entre las tres dimensiones de la sustentabilidad. La información se obtuvo a través de una encuesta con preguntas relacionadas a las tres dimensiones de la sustentabilidad, siguiendo la metodología del análisis multicriterio que permite calcular el indicador económico (IE), indicador ambiental (IA) y el indicador sociocultural (ISC) de cada finca, con cuyos datos se estiman en el indicador de sustentabilidad general (IS General) de la misma. Se puede concluir que, el 79.3% de las fincas evaluadas tuvieron un índice de sustentabilidad general (ISG <2), lo que determina que la mayoría de fincas no fueron sustentables. El uso de indicadores sirvió para detectar puntos críticos en los sistemas al momento del análisis de la sustentabilidad.
Adult Learner Multilingualism and Contributing and Hindering Factors in Acquiring Languages
Authors: Aprilanita Rahmawati
Published: September 2019

This study focuses on multilingualism of adult learner who is learning English and Indonesia in Indonesia whichEnglish as its foreign language. The aim was to explore the factors that enables him to acquire languages in certaincontext or social environment. An adult male student (29 years old) from Comoro, South Africa was chosen for thesubject of the study. Experiences from the subject as the participant of the research are discussed, drawing on criticaltheory to understand emerging phenomena such as plasticity, Krashen’s five second language acquisition hypothesisand linguistics. The paper findings conclude that several factors such as motivations, plasticity, input, first language,agency, and age have been contributed most to the development of languages acquisition of the subject.
The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM): Comparative Advantage of China’s Wheat Crop Production 2017
Authors: Saad Ammar , Zhang Ruitao , Xia Ying
Published: September 2019

As the third-largest crop in China, wheat production plays an essential role in China's agricultural production, food processing and consumption structure. Besides, China is the world’s largest wheat producer and consumer, where it produces 14.83% of the world's total wheat production in 2017. So it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the government policy for wheat production in China using PAM. This research depends on the data has issued by the National Development and Reform Commission/China statistics press 2018 (National farm production cost-benefit survey 2017). The outcomes of this paper showed that the coefficients measures confirm there is government support for wheat production, that indicates, farmers are getting prices higher than global prices by the continuation of the current policy. While there was no comparable advantage has shown for Chinese wheat product in social prices due to the government intervention in the prices of production outputs. Where this policy representation indexes show that the policy for wheat production 2017 supported the farmers on the consumer cost.
Fatty Acids and Sugars in Lablab Seed Produced in Virginia (A Non-traditional Location)
Authors: Bhardwaj Harbans L. , Hamama Anwar A.
Published: September 2019

Lablab [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet], a relatively unknown crop in the United States of America, is understood to be adapted to Southern USA. Even though, previous studies conducted in Virginia have indicated that Lablab can be produced in Virginia as a forage crop, composition of lablab seed produced in Virginia is unknown. To alleviate this limitation, seeds of seventeen lablab lines from a replicated field study, that was conducted for two years, were analyzed for concentrations of fatty acids and sugars. Results indicated that genotypes had mostly significant effects on concentrations of fatty acids and sugars. Prominent fatty acids in lablab seeds, grown in Virginia (USA), were linoleic (53.5%), palmitic (15.8%), and linolenic (14.1%). Mean saturated and total unsaturated fatty acids in lablab seeds were 22.2 and 77.6%, respectively. Mean concentrations of sucrose, fructose, and glucose concentrations in lablab seed were 1.45, 0.42, and 0.78 g per 100 g meal. Mean concentrations of total non-nutritive sugars (Raffinose+Stachyose+Verbascose) in lablab seed were 4.96 g per 100 g meal. Correlations between several nutritional quality traits in lablab seed were observed to be significant. A comparison of nutritional quality of lablab seed with literature values of black bean, navy bean, kidney bean, pinto bean, and pea indicated that lablab has potential as a new food legume for United States of America.
Salicylic Acid and Its Effect on Physiological and Photosynthetic Parameters in Soybean Seedlings Under Water Deficit
Authors: Dalcin Joner S. , Nunes Ubirajara R. , Roso Rodrigo , Müller Caren A. , Backes Fernanda A. A. L. , Backes Rogério L. , Mattioni Nilson M. , Filho Alberto Cargnelutti , Santos Cassiano V. dos , Mendonça Mariana B. F. de , Bastiani Géssica G. de , Barbieri Geovana F. , Stefanello Raquel , Ludwig Eduardo J.
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the photosynthetic and physiological parameters of soybean plants under water deficit after imbibition in different concentrations of salicylic acid during germination. The initial seed quality of the cultivar Bayer®/Tec Irga 6070 RR was evaluated. The soybean seeds were soaked in 25 ml in the salicylic acid solution (SA) for 24 hours and the retention capacities of 30, 50 and 70% were adopted. Under controlled conditions, concentrations of zero, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µM, evaluating the variables length, fresh and dry mass of root and shoot. In the greenhouse, the concentrations of SA of zero, 500 and 1000 µM were used. After 29 days of the seedling, the stomatal conductance, length, fresh and dry mass of root and shoot were evaluated. The results showed that the uptake of SA in the germination aided seedlings under water deficit. The retention capacity of 30% simulated the water deficit, damaging the physiological parameters of soybean seedlings in both environments. The concentrations of 500 and 1000 µM of SA were efficient in the water deficit for the variables root length, fresh and dry shoot mass.
Computer methods for non-invasive measurement and control of two-phase flows: a review study
Authors: Wajman Radosław
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, the application of advanced technologies in modern production systems is the main trend of development and technological progress in many industrial sectors. It is due to the still growing trends of energy-saving and production quality enhancement. Wherever in the production process the phase mixture is transported and it is not optimal or not economic, there is a need to develop a system which would be able to prevent any construction disaster, unexpected production line stopping or situation where for reasons of bad flow parameters, the final product is defective. This paper studies various sensors, measurement techniques and computer methods for signal processing and analysis to diagnose and control two-phase flows. Due to the possibility that the invasive measurement disturbs the process and changes it parameters and behavior especially in the location just after the measurement point and simultaneously does not provide any information about these changes it is unreliable for the diagnosis or control. Therefore, the non-invasive techniques commonly used for measurement of flows parameters are described. Depending on the industrial demands many of applications examples for non-invasive two-phase flows measurement and monitoring are given. This description for identifying the flow parameters is divided into features categories of this phenomena as void fraction distribution, velocity profile and flow regime. However, from these methods the high accuracy and short processing time is expected. The continued observation and monitoring of the process abnormalities can provide valuable information about its dynamic state and allow for real-time and automatic monitoring and control. Therefore, the development of advanced process control is one of the most important challenges to keep the flow regime on the given level and for instant and long-term energy saving, quality improvement.
Transcriptomic responses of hypothalamus to acute exercise in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Authors: Fu Shuying , Meng Yuhuan , Lin Shudai , Zhang Wenlu , He Yuting , Huang Lizhen , Du Hongli
Published: September 2019

The hypothalamus has an integral role in energy homeostasis regulation, and its dysfunctions lead to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical activity positively affects the prevention and treatment of T2D. However, there is not much information on the adaptive mechanisms of the hypothalamus. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to determine how acute exercise affects hypothalamic transcriptome from both type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and control Wistar rats with or without a single session of running (15 m/min for 60 min). Through pairwise comparisons, we identified 957 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 726, 197, and 98 genes were found between GK and Wistar, exercised GK and GK, and exercised Wistar and Wistar, respectively. The results of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment revealed that lipid metabolism-related terms and pathways were enriched in GK and exercised GK rats, and nervous system related terms and pathways were enriched in exercised GK and Wistar rats. Furthermore, 45 DEGs were associated with T2D and related phenotypes according to the annotations in the Rat Genome Database. Among these 45 DEGs, several genes (Plin2, Cd36, Lpl, Wfs1, Cck) related to lipid metabolism or the nervous system are associated with the exercise-induced benefits in the hypothalamus of GK rats. Our findings might assist in identifying potential therapeutic targets for T2D prevention and treatment.
Potent HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Carboxylic and Boronic Acids: Effect on Enzyme Inhibition and Antiviral Activity and Protein‐Ligand X‐ray Structural Studies
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Xia Zilei , Kovela Satish , Robinson William L. , Johnson Megan E. , Kneller Daniel W. , Wang Yuan‐Fang , Aoki Manabu , Takamatsu Yuki , Weber Irene T. , Mitsuya Hiroaki
Published: September 2019

We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of phenylcarboxylic acid and phenylboronic acid containing HIV‐1 protease inhibitors and their functional effect on enzyme inhibition and antiviral activity in MT‐2 cell lines. Inhibitors bearing bis‐THF ligand as P2 ligand and phenylcarboxylic acids and carboxamide as the P2′ ligands, showed very potent HIV‐1 protease inhibitory activity. However, carboxylic acid containing inhibitors showed very poor antiviral activity relative to carboxamide‐derived inhibitors which showed good antiviral IC50 value. Boronic acid derived inhibitor with bis‐THF as the P2 ligand showed very potent enzyme inhibitory activity, but it showed lower antiviral activity than darunavir in the same assay. Boronic acid containing inhibitor with a P2‐Crn‐THF ligand also showed potent enzyme Ki but significantly decreased antiviral activity. We have evaluated antiviral activity against a panel of highly drug‐resistant HIV‐1 variants. One of the inhibitors maintained good antiviral activity against HIVDRVRP20 and HIVDRVRP30 viruses. We have determined high resolution X‐ray structures of two synthetic inhibitors bound to HIV‐1 protease and obtained molecular insight into the ligand‐binding site interactions.
Theory of electrophoretic focusing on an inverse electromigration dispersion profile
Authors: Gebauer Petr
Published: September 2019

Electrophoretic focusing on an inverse electromigration dispersion (EMD) profile is based on a principle different from those of other electrophoretic separation methods. It has already proved its applicability in analytical practice by offering competitive separation performance and sensitivity and specific selectivity. It can be classified as an intermediate between field‐driven and equilibrium gradient methods and is therefore interesting from the viewpoint of theory of separation methods. This work presents a comprehensive theoretical description of electrophoretic focusing on an inverse EMD profile comprising properties of the electrolyte system, formed gradients, and focused analyte zones. The separation properties are described in terms of resolution and peak capacity and their dependence on system and analyte properties is discussed from the viewpoint of how the counteracting phenomena of electromigration and dispersion are affected by electric current, voltage, and hydrodynamic and electroosmotic flow. The overall performance of the present method is shown to be comparable with other electrophoretic separation methods like zone electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing.
Investigation of Sustained BMP Delivery in the Prevention of Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) in a Rat Model
Authors: Brierly Gary I. , Ren Jiongyu , Baldwin Jeremy , Saifzadeh Siamak , Theodoropoulos Christina , Tsurkan Mikhail V. , Lynham Anthony , Hsu Edward , Nikolarakos Dimitrios , Werner Carsten , Woodruff Maria A. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Bray Laura J.
Published: September 2019

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) poses an ongoing challenge for clinicians and researchers. Currently, there is a lack of preventative measures available for at‐risk patients undergoing tooth extractions, especially those with prior bisphosphonate treatment due to osteoporosis or bone metastasis diagnoses. Here, these issues are addressed using a preventative tissue engineering strategy against MRONJ development. This study evaluates the efficacy of a poly(ethylene glycol)‐heparin hydrogel as a tool for the delivery of arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) and recombinant human bone morphogenic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2). Three groups of skeletally mature rats each receive two doses of intravenous zoledronic acid prior to surgery and undergo extraction of the right first mandibular molar with gingival closure. Experimental groups either have the sockets left empty, filled with hydrogel minus rhBMP‐2, or filled with hydrogel plus rhBMP‐2. Eight weeks postoperatively specimens are analyzed using radiological, histological, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. µCT analysis shows increased bone formation with hydrogel/rhBMP‐2 delivery compared to the empty socket. Hydrogel‐treated groups display increased presence of osteocytes and increased osteoclastic action compared to the empty sockets. These results represent the first step toward improved delivery of rhBMP‐2 and a potential MRONJ preventative for patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment.
Use of Fish Oil Intravenous Lipid Emulsions as Monotherapy in the Pediatric Intestinal Failure Patient: Beyond the Package Insert
Authors: Gura Kathleen M. , Calkins Kara L. , Puder Mark
Published: September 2019

In July 2018, an intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) composed of 100% fish oil (Omegaven, Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany) received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a source of fatty acids and calories for infants and children with parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis. This soy‐free fat source is rich in ω‐3 fatty acids and α‐tocopherol and contains few phytosterols. In comparison to conventional soybean oil ILE, this emulsion appears to be less hepatotoxic. The purpose of this paper is to guide the practitioner on the use of this alternative fat source in clinical practice and augment the material contained in the current package insert. This paper addresses various topics including the identification of which patients would benefit from fish oil ILE, dosing, administration, monitoring, potential adverse effects, and management strategies for fish oil ILE.
Assessment of the oral health‐related quality of life and the health‐related quality of life of patients with stomatological diseases
Authors: Kuryu Mai , Niimi Kanae , Gotoh Hideki , Shimizu Takeshi , Kobayashi Tadaharu
Published: September 2019

Objective

The aim of the study was to clarify the factors affecting the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQOL) and the general health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with stomatological diseases and to assess the correlation between the HRQOL and the OHRQOL scales in these patients.

Study design

The study population included 2061 patients with stomatological diseases and was divided into five groups: tooth disease, inflammatory disease, oral mucosal disease, temporomandibular joint disorder, and cystic disease. The patients filled out the Short Form 8 Health Survey (SF‐8) and the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). A Kruskal‐Wallis one‐way analysis and pairwise comparison were used to compare the mean scores of GOHAI and SF‐8 according to the disease classification. Welch's t test was used to compare the mean GOHAI and SF‐8 scores using the Japanese national normative data. P values of <.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results

Stomatological diseases affect both OHRQOL and HRQOL, and the physical items of the HRQOL were significantly correlated with the OHRQOL. When the mean GOHAI and SF‐8 scores were compared according to disease classification, statistically significant differences were seen in most all items. Patients with oral mucosal disease, TMJ disorder, and inflammatory disease had lower scores in most of the scales than patients with other diseases.

Conclusions

The assessment of the relationship between OHRQOL and HRQOL of patients with stomatological diseases seems to be useful in understanding problems related to patient well‐being.
The influence of wind in secondary settling tanks for wastewater treatment—A computational fluid dynamics study. Part I: Circular secondary settling tanks
Authors: Gao Haiwen , Stenstrom Michael K.
Published: September 2019

Computational fluid dynamics model is used to understand the impact of wind on the performance of a secondary settling tank (SST) in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Unlike most of the previous modeling studies which evaluated the wind effect on the settling tank in a water treatment plant, this study evaluates a circular SST in a WWTP at different current velocities and flow conditions. Performance indicators, such as effluent suspended solids and sludge blanket height, and three‐dimensional hydrodynamics profiles are compared among different windy conditions and the calm condition and under different wind directions and flow conditions. The simulation results show that the existence of wind has strong negative impacts on the overall performance of the circular SST. The prediction of ESS is doubled in the circular SST under the mild wind condition. Moreover, the circular SST is more sensitive to the wind along the inlet port direction.

Practitioner points

This is the first comparison of wind effects on a circular secondary settling tank

Detailed computational fluid dynamics solution procedures to simulate a secondary settling tank

Wind effects are investigated under multiple flow conditions, current velocities, and wind directions

The performance of a circular secondary settling tank is very sensitive to the wind

Wind along the inlet port direction has stronger negative impacts than it along 45° to the inlet direction
Changes in Tracheal Tube Cuff Pressure and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Conductivity During Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Taylor James W. , Soeyland Kathleen , Ball Christine , Lee James C. , Serpell Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Background

The aetiology of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) neurapraxia is unclear in most RLN palsies post‐thyroidectomy. We hypothesised that high intralaryngeal pressures impede RLN conductivity, in turn contributing to RLN palsy. Therefore, we measured tracheal tube (TT) cuff pressure (as a surrogate for intralaryngeal pressure) and RLN conduction during ten standard manoeuvres in thyroidectomy, to assess for correlation between cuff pressure and RLN conductivity.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of thyroidectomy during 2018. For each thyroid lobe, TT cuff pressure was continuously measured via an air pressure transducer. RLN conduction (amplitude and latency) was measured using continuous neuromonitoring. Changes in mean TT cuff pressure and median nerve conduction from baseline measurements were analysed using Student's t test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

In a total of 50 RLNs, the mean baseline TT cuff pressure of 19.5 ± 8.9 mmHg increased significantly to 22.0 mmHg during anteromedial rotation of the thyroid (p < 0.05). RLN conduction changed during manipulation of the superior thyroid pole with shortening of latency (−0.49% from baseline, p = 0.05) and reduction in amplitude (−12.0% from baseline, p = 0.02). The timing of these deviations did not correlate with the increased TT cuff pressure. In three cases of temporary RLN palsy, the mean cumulative case TT cuff pressure was significantly higher (24.8 mmHg, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that TT cuff pressure and RLN conductivity can change significantly with manipulation of the thyroid and that high TT cuff pressures may be associated with RLN injuries.
Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Physical Activity Breaks on Blood Glucose, Insulin and Triacylglycerol Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Loh Roland , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Folkerts Dirk , Allgrove Judith E. , Moir Hannah J.
Published: September 2019

Background

Physical activity (PA) breaks in sitting time might attenuate metabolic markers relevant to the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Objectives

The primary aim of this paper was to systematically review and meta-analyse trials that compared the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with bouts of PA throughout the day (INT) versus continuous sitting (SIT) on glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol (TAG) measures. A second aim was to compare the effects of INT versus continuous exercise (EX) on glucose, insulin and TAG measures.

Methods

The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Eligibility criteria consisted of trials comparing INT vs. SIT or INT vs. one bout of EX before or after sitting, in participants aged 18 or above, who were classified as either metabolically healthy or impaired, but not with other major health conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or peripheral arterial disease.

Results

A total of 42 studies were included in the overall review, whereas a total of 37 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was a standardised mean difference (SMD) of − 0.54 (95% CI − 0.70, − 0.37,p = 0.00001) in favour of INT compared to SIT for glucose. With respect to insulin, there was an SMD of − 0.56 (95% CI − 0.74, − 0.38,p = 0.00001) in favour of INT. For TAG, there was an SMD of − 0.26 (95% CI − 0.44, − 0.09,p = 0.002) in favour of INT. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with glucose responses (β = − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.01,p = 0.01), and insulin (β = − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.10, − 0.006,p = 0.03), but not TAG (β = 0.02, 95% CI − 0.02, 0.06,p = 0.37). When energy expenditure was matched, there was an SMD of − 0.26 (95% CI − 0.50, − 0.02,p = 0.03) in favour of INT for glucose, but no statistically significant SMDs for insulin, i.e. 0.35 (95% CI − 0.37, 1.07,p = 0.35), or TAG i.e. 0.08 (95% CI − 0.22, 0.37,p = 0.62). It is worth noting that there was possible publication bias for TAG outcomes when PA breaks were compared with sitting.

Conclusion

The use of PA breaks during sitting moderately attenuated post-prandial glucose, insulin, and TAG, with greater glycaemic attenuation in people with higher BMI. There was a statistically significant small advantage for PA breaks over continuous exercise for attenuating glucose measures when exercise protocols were energy matched, but no statistically significant differences for insulin and TAG. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42017080982.

PROSPERO Registration

CRD42017080982.
Auceps syllabarum: A Digital Analysis of Latin Prose Rhythm
Authors: Keeline Tom , Kirby Tyler
Published: September 2019

In this article we describe a series of computer algorithms that generate prose rhythm data for any digitised corpus of Latin texts. Using these algorithms, we present prose rhythm data for most major extant Latin prose authors from Cato the Elder through the second centurya.d. Next we offer a new approach to determining the statistical significance of such data. We show that, while only some Latin authors adhere to the Ciceronian rhythmic canon, every Latin author is ‘rhythmical’ — they just choose different rhythms. Then we give answers to some particular questions based on our data and statistical approach, focusing on Cicero, Sallust, Tacitus and Pliny the Younger. In addition to providing comprehensive new data on Latin prose rhythm, presenting new results based on that data and confirming certain long-standing beliefs, we hope to make a contribution to a discussion of digital and statistical methodology in the study of Latin prose rhythm and in Classics more generally. The Supplementary Material available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0075435819000881) contains an appendix with tables, data and code. This appendix constitutes a static ‘version of record’ for the data presented in this article, but we expect to continue to update our code and data; updates can be found in the repository of the Classical Language Toolkit (https://github.com/cltk/cltk).
How Many Citations to Women Is “Enough”? Estimates of Gender Representation in Political Science
Authors: Dion Michelle L. , Mitchell Sara McLaughlin
Published: September 2019

Recent studies identified gendered citation gaps in political science journal articles, with male scholars being less likely to cite work by female scholars in comparison to their female peers. Although journal editors, editorial boards, and political scientists are becoming more aware of implicit biases and adopting strategies to remedy them, we know less about the proper baselines for citations in subfields and research areas of political science. Without information about how many women should be cited in a research field, it is difficult to know whether the distribution is biased. Using the gender distribution of membership in professional political science organizations and article authors in 38 political science journals, we provide scholars with suggested minimum baselines for gender representation in citations. We also show that women represent a larger share of organization members than the authors in sponsoring organizations’ journals.
Total vegetation control: a comprehensive summary of herbicides, application timings, and resistance management options
Authors: Sebastian Derek J. , Clark Shannon L. , Nissen Scott J. , Lauer Dwight K.
Published: September 2019

Total vegetation control (TVC) is an essential management practice to eliminate all vegetation for the purpose of protecting infrastructure, people, or natural resources on sites where vegetation poses major fire, visibility, and infrastructure risks. TVC is implemented on sites such as railroads, power substations, airports, roadsides, and oil and gas facilities. Current research has identified that tank-mixing two effective mechanisms of action is a superior resistance management strategy compared to rotating mechanisms of action; however, effective tank mixes for TVC have not been thoroughly evaluated. A field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2014 at five sites in Colorado to compare 32 treatment combinations to two industry standards for TVC. Research objectives were (1) to identify herbicide tank-mix combinations for TVC with multiple effective mechanisms of action for resistance management, (2) to evaluate lower use rate alternatives to minimize nontarget impacts, and (3) to determine the efficacy of fall versus spring application timings. Seven treatments were identified as top-ranking treatments, averaging 96% bare-ground (BG) across five sites and two application timings. Four out of the seven top-ranked treatments included aminocyclopyrachlor, chlorsulfuron, and indaziflam. The industry standard diuron plus imazapyr was in the top ranking, whereas the other industry standard bromacil plus diuron performed inconsistently across sites. Probability modeling was used to predict the probability of achieving 97% or 100% BG with various treatment combinations. The combination of aminocyclopyrachlor, chlorsulfuron, indaziflam, and imazapyr had the highest predicted BG probability, with 88% predicted probability of achieving 100% BG, compared to 67% and 52% predicted probabilities for the industry standards diuron plus imazapyr and bromacil plus diuron, respectively. In three of the five sites, fall applications outperformed the same treatments applied in the spring. Several top-ranking treatments represent newer, lower use rate herbicide combinations that provide multiple mechanisms of action to manage herbicide-resistant weeds and minimize nontarget impacts.
Improved technique for sheath supported contralateral limb gate	cannulation in endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Pakeliani David , Lachat Mario , Blohmé Linus , Kobayashi Misato , Chaykovska Lyubov , Pfammatter Thomas , Veith Frank J. , Pecoraro Felice
Published: September 2019

Summary: Background: To present a technique of sheath supported contralateral limb gate (CLG) cannulation of modular bifurcated stent-graft in endovascular abdominal aortic repair. Materials and methods: After totally percutaneous bilateral femoral access, the 9F introducer sheath is exchanged to a 30 cm 12 fr introducer sheath over a stiff wire contralateral to the intended main stent-graft insertion side and advanced into the aorta below the lowest renal artery. Parallel to the stiff wire within the sheath an additional standard J-tip guidewire with a 5 fr Pigtail angiographic catheter is advanced to the level of the renal arteries. After main body deployment, the 12 fr introducer sheath and J-tip wire with pigtail catheter are retracted until the CLG opening level, maintaining the stiff “buddy” wire in position to support the 12 fr sheath, maintaining its distal opening close to the contralateral gate opening to achieve easy cannulation. Results: Retrospective analysis of video archive from July 2016 to February 2018 evidenced 55 recorded EVAR cases. All CLG cannulations were obtained with Standard J-tip or Terumo Glidewire wires and with Pig-Tail or Berenstein catheters. Technical success was 100 %. Mean fluoroscopy time to accomplish CLG cannulation was 37.6 33 (range 1–105) seconds. The aortic carrefour angulation on coronal axis strongly correlates with cannulation time p = <.001, with longer cannulation time for higher carrefour angulations on coronal axis (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.47). Conclusions: The use of 12 fr sheath with parallel wire introduction technique, appears to be a safe and reliable tool to facilitate CLG cannulation during EVAR procedures.
Nitrogen fertilizer regulates soil respiration by altering the organic carbon storage in root and topsoil in alpine meadow of the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Jinlan , Li Xiaolong , Wang Shilin , Liu Wenhui , Shi Shangli , Cao Wenxia
Published: September 2019

Soil respiration (Rs) plays a critical role in the global carbon (C) balance, especially in the context of globally increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. However, how N-addition influences C cycle remains unclear. Here, we applied seven levels of N application (0 (N0), 54 (N1), 90 (N2), 126 (N3), 144 (N4), 180 (N5) and 216 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (N6)) to quantify their impacts on Rs and its components (autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh)) and C and N storage in vegetation and soil in alpine meadow on the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We used a structural equation model (SEM) to explore the relative contributions of C and N storage, soil temperature and soil moisture and their direct and indirect pathways in regulating soil respiration. Our results revealed that the Rs, Ra and Rh, C and N storage in plant, root and soil (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) all showed initial increases and then tended to decrease at the threshold level of 180 kg N ha−1 yr−1. The SEM results indicated that soil temperature had a greater impact on Rs than did volumetric soil moisture. Moreover, SEM also showed that C storage (in root, 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil layers) was the most important factor driving Rs. Furthermore, multiple linear regression model showed that the combined root C storage, 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layer C storage explained 97.4–97.6% variations in Rs; explained 94.5–96% variations in Ra; and explained 96.3–98.1% in Rh. Therefore, the growing season soil respiration and its components can be well predicted by the organic C storage in root and topsoil in alpine meadow of the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our study reveals the importance of topsoil and root C storage in driving growing season Rs in alpine meadow on the northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
Early urine proteome changes in the Walker-256 tail-vein injection rat model
Authors: Wei Jing , Ni Na , Meng Wenshu , Gao Youhe
Published: September 2019

Detection of cancer at its early stage is important for treatment. Urine, which is not regulated by homeostatic mechanisms, reflects early systemic changes throughout the whole body and can be used for the early detection of cancer. In this study, the Walker-256 tail-vein injection rat model was established to find whether the urine proteome could reflect early changes if tumor grown in lung. Urine samples from the control group (n = 7) and Walker-256 tail-vein injection group (n = 7) on days 2, 4, 6 and 9 were analyzed by label-free proteomic quantitative methods. On day 2, when lung tumor nodules did not appear, 62 differential proteins were identified. They were associated with epithelial cell differentiation, regulation of immune system processes and the classical complement activation pathway. On day 4, when lung tumor nodules appeared, 72 differential proteins were identified. They were associated with the innate immune response and positive regulation of phagocytosis. On day 6, when body weight began to decrease, 117 differential proteins were identified. On day 9, the identified 125 differential proteins were associated with the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the positive regulation of B cell activation. Our results indicate that (1) the urine proteome changed even on the second day after tail-vein injection of Walker-256 cells and that (2) compared to previous studies, the urine proteomes were different when the same cancer cells were grown in different organs.