bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Destruction of Heritage as a Strategy of Mass Violence: Assessing Harm to Inform Meaningful Measures of Repair
Authors: Viejo-Rose Dacia , Killean Rachel
Published: October 2022

This contribution builds upon research into the reconstruction of cultural heritage, reparations, and victimhood in post-conflict settings. It focuses on the example of Cambodia but references other temporally more distant and recent cases as well. It combines legal human rights approaches with those of heritage studies to propose that the harm done to individuals and communities by violence against cultural heritage is more complex than hitherto thought. We explore measures to develop meaningful forms of repair that can contribute to overcoming the long-term effects of cultural violence through processes of the co-creation and development of heritage across generations. Cambodia serves as the main example of how community-led heritage recovery unfolds and of its links to psycho-social recovery. We advocate that psycho-social recovery of the community be considered central to heritage recovery work and not just a hoped-for side-effect.
People and Heritage in Yemen: Where to?
Authors:   Sana`a University, Yemen, Alshawesh Samira , Hadžimuhamedović Amra
Published: October 2022

More than 233,000 Yemenis died because of the conflict and the humanitarian emergency in Yemen between 2015 and 2019. The economy also contracted by more than 50 percent, leaving the population facing a range of challenges, many with distinct urban dimensions, from extreme poverty and unemployment, poor educational attainment, poor infrastructure, water scarcity, highly limited access to basic or social services, and large-scale damage to infrastructure, businesses, and the housing stock. This paper examines the impact of the conflict on people in the historic cities of Yemen, their attitudes towards heritage, what they have gone through, how heritage has been affected, and what its current status is. The authors draw on the personal experiences and observations, as well as visits to the old city of Sana'a and interviews with specialists at the General Organization for the Preservation of Historic Cities in Yemen (GOPHCY) offices in Sana'a, Shibam, and Zabid.
Reviving the Spirit of Mosul: The Reconstruction of Cultural Landmarks as a Tool to Foster Reconciliation in Post-Conflict Recovery
Authors:   UNESCO Iraq Office, Acetoso Maria Rita
Published: October 2022

Culture can play a key role in post-disaster recovery, as it reinstates feelings of a collective ‘return to life’ in the affected population. This becomes even more important in post-conflict contexts, where destruction has often been carried out with the express purpose of erasing people’s cultural identity and their ties to their communities. Conflict is often the result of a long process of political instability, controversy, and, sometimes, extremism, all of which deprive people, and especially the young, of a full experience of the history and multifaceted culture of their own countries. In such contexts, the physical reconstruction of historical landmarks serves a double purpose: it becomes a tangible manifestation of the reestablishment of lost symbols and values, and it helps the rediscovery of cultural roots and identities eroded by years of conflict and political instability. This is only effective where there is active involvement of the local community in the reconstruction process, which means striking a balance between technical constraints imposed by conditions at the sites, the values and expectations of the local population, the specific social context, and measures designed to engage the community in the process. This article presents some of UNESCO’s work in the Old City of Mosul, Iraq with a view to analysing challenges and opportunities. The reconstruction of historical landmarks there has been being implemented as a vehicle for social cohesion and reconciliation since the end of conflict in 2017.
Vehicle Dynamic Factor Characterized by Actual Velocity and Combined Influence of the Transmission and Driveline System
Authors: Vantsevich Vladimir , Gorsich David , Paldan Jesse , Whitson Jordan , Butrico Brian , Sapunkov Oleg
Published: October 2022

A vehicle’s dynamic factor characterizes the potential that can be created by the powertrain that may be utilized to overcome the rolling resistance, grade resistance, and accelerate the vehicle. The dynamic factor is commonly given as a function of the vehicle's theoretical velocity and computed using the powertrain characteristics without taking into account the effect of the driveline configuration which can impact the tire slippages and vehicle’s actual velocity. The velocity reduction due to tire slip can considerably impact the vehicle speed for off-road vehicles operating with large traction requirements. In this paper, a new approach to interpretation of the dynamic factor is presented which is based on the vehicle's actual velocity and driveline characteristics. The computation of the actual velocity accounts for the individual tire slippages of vehicles with multiple driving axles, which is influenced by the ground condition and power splitting characteristics of the driveline. A comparison of the conventional and proposed approach is given for a 4x4 off-road vehicle. A set of factors for vehicle design are proposed based on integral qualities of the ideal and actual dynamic factor to characterize the combined influence of the transmission and driveline system to utilize the engine power for vehicle acceleration performance.
A Time Domain Passivity Controller for Teleoperation of Four Wheeled Differential Mobile Robot on Slippery Surface
Authors: Xi Hui , Li Yanjing , Sun Pengyu , Li Weihua , Wang Jianfeng
Published: October 2022

Four wheeled differential mobile robots have been widely used in many fields. However, on the slippery surfaces (e.g., marble floor), the tire-terrain contact surfaces may induce phenomena of slipping especially when it turns, which brings big challenges for its teleoperation. Aiming at this difficulty, a time-domain passive controller (TDPC) is proposed in this study to compensate for the active energy generated by the environment termination induced by the tire-terrain interaction, and then a stable teleoperator is designed under the coordination of master robot's position and slave robot's velocity. Experiments with a commercial four wheeled mobile robots on the marble floor are conducted to validate the proposed approach.
Design of Self-Driving Bulldozer System
Authors: Yang Junhua , Zhang Biao , Tang Haokai , Shen Binghua , Ou Linlin , Yu Xinyi , Feng Yuanjing , Feng Yu , Zhou Libo
Published: October 2022

To improve the efficiency of manual operations in the coal bunker, a completely automatic system based on multi-sensor perceptual positioning and map-based clearance planning is proposed. Firstly, the perceptual positioning link combines semantic segmentation to improve the traditional feature extraction and restricts the loop keyframe by using brute force matching, which improves the localization ability of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in the coal bunker. Compared with the incremental map maintenance strategy, a neighboring strategy is proposed to update the map in the dynamic environment of the coal bunker. Secondly, in response to the requirements of the coal bunker cleaning operation, based on the SLAM positioning results, we formulate behavior planning combined with a hierarchical finite state machine (FSM) and a grid map-based motion planning. The proposed clearing plan combines the geometric characteristics of crawler rakes, reduces the error of trajectory tracking, and improves the smoothness of trajectory curvature. The system can realize accurate real-time positioning in the bunker environment, and successfully complete the requirements of cleaning. In addition, a high simulation environment based on the unreal engine is built to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the system.
A Review of Modeling and Validation Techniques for Tire-Deformable Soil Interactions
Authors: Swamy Varsha , Pandit Rashna , Yerro-Colom Alba , Sandu Corina , Rizzo Denise , Sebeck Katherine
Published: October 2022

The mobility of vehicles in off-road environments is critical for many applications. Understanding and predicting the tire-soil interaction is a challenge, especially when the terrain is largely deformable and plastic, and non-linear behavior is expected. This paper presents an overview of the bibliographic references on tires–deformable soil interactions and identifies the gaps present in the literature. The capabilities and challenges of different modeling methods used to assess the traction performance of a vehicle on deformable soil (i.e., analytical, semi-empirical, and numerical are discussed. Also, since the performance of the vehicle highly depends on the soil characteristics, a summary of the different material models used for non-cohesive and cohesive soil and the methods that have been used to characterize the soil is presented. The soil behavior and strength also depend on the water content and permeability along with the soil type. To highlight this, the available works on tire-wet soil interactions are discussed. Lastly, the different tire models and the validation methods that have been used for the soil, tire, and tire-deformable soil interaction are summarized. To conclude, this bibliographic review highlights that there is very limited work in the physics-based study of trafficability in wet soils, in particular in cohesive soil.
Factors Affecting Bevameter Soil Characterization
Authors: Els Schalk , Hamersma Herman , Kruger Ray
Published: October 2022

The Bekker-Wong soil-wheel interaction model has been widely adopted in the terramechanics community. This approach requires data measured with a Bevameter. The Bevameter test includes a pressure-sinkage test and a shear strength test. Although the original intention of the Bevameter method is to closely replicate the interaction between the wheel/track and the soil, tests are often done at lower vertical loads with smaller contact areas to keep tests within practical experimental limits. The traditional Bevameter shear strength test, which uses a rotational shear ring with grousers, tends to overpredict the drawbar pull of vehicles by 30 to 40% [(Chang and Baker, 1973, Shoop, 1993)]. Translational shear arguably more closely resembles the shear mechanism that occurs between a wheel/track and the soil. The literature indicates that terramechanics investigations are significantly influenced by soil condition and preparation. This study investigates (a) the influence of soil preparation on the pressure-sinkage and shear-displacement relationship of sandy soil, (b) the influence of the shearing mechanism on shear strength, and (c) the influence of shear contact area on shear strength. Experimental results indicate that soil preparation has a substantial influence on the pressure-sinkage relationship. The shearing mechanism was investigated by comparing traditional rotational shear with translational shear. The findings indicate that the shearing mechanism may explain the overprediction of shear strength typical of rotational shear tests. The shear contact area also exhibits a significant influence on the measured shear strength. Further investigation into the shear mechanism and size and shape of the shear contact area is recommended.
Design and Traction Performance Test of Bionic Paddy Wheel Based on Cattle Hoof
Authors: Li Lan , Li Jing , Xie Baofeng , Lin Fei , Xue Long
Published: October 2022

In order to improve the traction performance of the micro-tiller wheel on the paddy soil surface, a bionic paddy wheel was designed with a cattle hoof as the bionic prototype, and its diameter and wheel width were 0.46 m and 0.08 m, respectively. The traction performance test was carried out in a soil bin test-bed with a moisture content of 36 %. The vertical loads were 82.57 N, 131.40 N and 179.42 N, respectively. The driving speeds were 0.3 m/s, 0.5 m/s and 0.7 m/s, respectively. The drawbar pull was in the range of 10 – 120 N. The results showed that at the driving speed of 0.7 m/s, with the increase of the vertical load, the driving torque and the drawbar pull are increasing. The vertical load has a significant effect on the change of driving torque and maximum drawbar pull. Under the vertical load of 179.42 N and different driving speeds, when the slip ratio is less than 0.37, the efficiency coefficient begins to grow rapidly, and the greater the driving speed is, the greater the growth rate is. When the slip ratio is about 0.37, the efficiency coefficient reaches the maximum and then begins to decrease. Driving speed has a significant effect on the maximum efficiency coefficient of wheels. This paper can provide a reference for the traction performance of the micro-tiller wheel on the paddy soil surface and the design of the new bionic paddy wheel.
Introducing Polibot: A High Mobility Tracked Robot with Innovative Passive Suspensions
Authors: Reina Giulio , Galati Rocco , Grazioso Andrea , Ugenti Angelo , Mantriota Giacomo
Published: October 2022

In the context of autonomous off-road mobility, tracked robots feature larger contact areas compared to equivalent wheeled vehicles, which turn into improved traction especially on soft terrains. This paper discusses a novel tracked robot, named Polibot, that is outfitted with passive articulated suspensions. The multibody model is developed within the MSC Adams environment leveraging on the Adams Tracked Vehicle (ATV) Toolkit. The different subsystems composing the vehicle assembly are outlined, with specific attention to the modeling strategies of the swing arms constituting the suspension system, as well as the characterization of the track belt and inertial properties. Efforts in validating the multibody twin against the real prototype are also presented, showing a good agreement in experiments performed on asphalt.
Tire-Soil Tangential Force Reinforcement Learning Modeling
Authors: Qi Yingchun , Zhao Jiaqi , Zhuang Ye
Published: October 2022

Tire-soil tangential interaction involves complex terramechanics. When modeling the tire-soil tangential forces, a great amount of experiments is needed to identify the parameters in the currently available models. The efficiency and accuracy of the current models is still time and cost consuming. The control of the terrain vehicle is introduced gradually to the off-road vehicles. Such application requires more accurate and real-time tire-soil force models. Therefore, the machine learning technique, the reinforcement learning algorithm, is introduced to the tire-soil tangential force modelling. First, the tire-soil rolling experiment is carried out under longitudinal and lateral slip condition with the tire-soil test facility. The tire-soil forces vs slip ratios test data is obtained on the sand and mud road surfaces. The reinforcement learning model, which including the physical interpretation and the uncertainty (with Gaussian Process), is proposed. The model parameters is identified through the supervised learning (training) by the model from the acquired experimental data. The model accuracy could be improved gradually with the iterative off-line learning (training). The trained model could calculate the force-vs-slip ratio relationship with high accuracy and efficiency. The proposed model could also be updated with the new data learning.
Experimental Study of Track-Soil Interactions of the Steering Performance of Tracked Robots over Soft Deformable Terrains
Authors: Wang Qiaowen , Jia Zhenzhong
Published: October 2022

The research of track-soil interaction modeling over soft deformable terrains is an important direction in terramechanics. Wong proposed a general theory of skidsteering tracked vehicle model by focusing on the trackterrain interaction of the bottom surface of tracks while neglecting the resistance and the bulldozing effect contributed by the laterally accumulated soil to the side of tracked vehicle. The phenomenon becomes nonnegligible and sometimes significant during small radius turn maneuvers, which are quite common in robot motion planning. In order to investigate this quite important and complicated interaction process and establish a complete track-terrain interaction model, we build an instrumented experimental platform. In this platform, the RGB-D information for deformable terrains can be measured and analyzed to obtain several important soil parameters in real-time, including the contours of the soils in contact with the supporting wheels, and the cross-section shapes of the accumulated soils. We apply image segmentation, mapping depth images, point cloud drawing and postprocessing to divide the tracked vehicle and the soil in point cloud images. We reconstruct the morphology of the soil accumulated on the side of vehicles during small radius steering maneuvers, and then obtain aforementioned parameters in order to explain the bulldozing effect.
Investigation of the Relationship between the Cone Index and the Physical and Mechanical Parameters of the Soil of Typical Surfaces of the Movement of Agricultural Tractors and Machines
Authors: Zhukov Sergey , Makarov Vladimir , Belyakov Vladimir , Belyaev Alexander
Published: October 2022

The development of high-performance mobile transport complexes for agricultural purposes is largely based on the results of scientific research. The main direction is to study the mobility properties of robotic complexes in specific natural and climatic conditions of the area. The purpose of this work is to determine the cone index CI for typical surfaces of agricultural machinery movement, based on the physical and mechanical characteristics of agricultural soils. In 2020 year, a large-scale experimental and theoretical study of agricultural soils was conducted for 7 months using a soil penetrometer and equipment for measuring soil density and humidity. The peculiarity of this work is that the study has a spatiotemporal character of changes in the mechanical parameters of soils. Thus, the cone index CI is determined during the agricultural season for five typical plots: the first plot is fallow land located on a slope; the second plot is virgin land; the third section is a plowed field; the fourth section is a dirt road and the fifth section is a dirt road covered with broken bricks. Thus, the study showed a change in the cone index for each site during the year: the first site – 4.8-10.93 kPa; the second site – 5.13-5.32 kPa; the third site – 4.14-4.57 kPa; the fourth site - 4.43 – 11.20 kPa; the fifth site – 5.57 – 5.81 kPa. The data were also approximated and a mathematical model for calculating the cone index from the deformation modulus E, (MPa) was obtained. The obtained mathematical dependencies can be used in the future as the basis for mapping the mobility of any region of the world, as well as in the compilation of the algorithm of the mobile robotic complex.
Multi-Fidelity Machine Learning Modeling for Wheeled Locomotion on Soft Soil
Authors: Fediukov Vladyslav , Dietrich Felix , Buse Fabian
Published: October 2022

Wheeled vehicles are the most convenient and widespread locomotion machines for the majority of research, industrial or private tasks. A perceptible share of wheeled vehicles is used on soft soil. Modelling wheel locomotion in these situations is challenging, because of the non-proportional relation between applied shear stress and the soil’s deformation. Currently, various conventional simulation approaches are used to describe wheel–soil interaction, ranging from detailed numerical methods with particle-level simulations to simpler empirical models, where a big part of physical formulas are set up a priori, empirically. The ultimate wheel locomotion modelling tool should have high-quality onboard predictions but within a reasonable time. The trade-off is unachievable with the current simulation tools. In this project, we argue that using Machine Learning (ML) we can build a tool with the quality of high-fidelity and speed of lower-fidelity simulations. To fit this requirement, we are combining data from several models with different fidelities, in order to build a multi-fidelity ML model. In the model, forces and torques acting on the wheel are predicted using input data like the wheel’s trajectory, surface and soil characteristics. The quality of this model will be validated by Terramechanics Robotics Locomotion Laboratory (TROLL) at Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), a robotic single-wheel test bed designed to perform wheel–soil interaction experiments automatically. Early results show that, in simplified scenarios, our proposed method can be used to create efficient, multi-fidelity numerical models for locomotion prediction, including uncertainty estimation for the predictions.
Terrain Classification Using Mars Raw Images Based on Deep Learning Algorithms with Application to Wheeled Planetary Rovers
Authors:   ,,,, and, Guo Junlong , Zhang Xingyang , Dong Yunpeng , Xue Zhao , Huang Bo
Published: October 2022

Scene information plays a crucial role in motion control, attitude perception, and path planning for wheeled planetary rovers (WPRs). Terrain recognition is the fundamental component of scene recognition. Due to the rich information, visual sensors are usually used in terrain classification. However, teleoperation delay prevents WPRs from using visual information efficiently. End-to-end learning method of deep learning (DL) that does not need complex image preprocessing was proposed to deal with this issue. This paper first built a terrain dataset (consists of loose sand, bedrock, small rock, large rock, and outcrop) using real Mars images to directly support You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) to test its performance on terrain classification. Because the capability of end-to-end training scheme is positively correlated with dataset, the performance of YOLOv5 can be significantly improved by exploiting orders of magnitude more data. The best combination of hyperparameters and models was achieved by slightly tuning YOLOv5, and data augmentation was also applied to optimize its accuracy. Furthermore, its performance was compared with two other end-to-end network architectures. Deep learning algorithms can be used in the future planetary exploration missions, such as WPRs autonomy improvement, traversability analysis, and avoiding getting trapped.
Improvement in Performance of CI Engine Running with Dual Fuel Mode: Biodiesel & Hydrogen
Authors: Dewangan Ashish , Yadav Ashok Kumar
Published: October 2022

"Rapid depletion of petroleum reserves and the environmental concern demands the replacement of conventional fuel with renewable and alternate fuel to fulfill the demand of energy requirement. Biodiesel fits to be the good replacement in CI engine and extensive research has been done in the field of Biodiesel. In this work, the effect on performance and emission of using biodiesel in IC engine has been reviewed. The emissions of unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and particulate matter can be reduced considerably with the use of biodiesel compared to diesel fuel. There is some shortcoming by using of Biodiesel such as high brake specific fuel consumption, lower brake power and brake thermal efficiency, which can be overcome by using supplement fuel like hydrogen along with biodiesel. Further, the review work has been extended to methods of hydrogen production and its usage as a secondary fuel along with biodiesel in the engine.
Comparison of CFD Results of Smooth Air Duct with Experimental and Available Equations in Literature
Authors: Dutt Nitesh , Binjola Abhishek , Hedau Ankush Jageshwar , Kumar Ashwani , Singh Varun Pratap , Meena Chandan Swaroop
Published: October 2022

"Solar air heater (SAH) has vast applications in agriculture, crop drying and other field. In solar air heater, air temperature increases at the exit section. Research has worked extensively in SAH field, experimentally and numerically to observe the performance of SAH. In the present work, a 3D model of SAH is created in Design Modeler of ANSYS and simulation is run in ANSYS Fluent for the Reynolds number range between 2000-18000. Main objective of the study is to calculate the Nusselt number (dimensionless number) and friction factor influenced by pressure drop inside the duct. Numerical results are validated with the experimental results and compared with the Modified Dittus-Boelter equation and Modified Blasius equation. Mean percentage absolute error in simulation results are within range of 10%.
Study the Properties of High-Density Polyethylene with Nano Particles Silica Composite
Authors: Yadav Anil Kumar , Singh Varun Pratap , Kumar Amit , Gori Yatika , Kumar Anil
Published: October 2022

In this research work high density polyethylene (HDPE) and silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) were studied. Samples having 0-10 % composition variation were prepared by injection molding. HDPE and Sio2 NPs constituents were combined at microscopic level and they are insoluble into each other. This phase is called as “Reinforcing” Phase. Soft and ductile phase is called Matrix phase. Matrix phase provides base support to the reinforcing phase and it is protecting the reinforcing phase from the hot environment against the degradation of Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC). Silica dioxide Particle in the form of powder was examined by Electron microscopic method (46.69% silica &53.31% oxygen) with size 2-20 nm. It has large specific surface area/surface energy. Sample of HDPE/SiO2 NPs composites were characterized by mechanical and thermal analysis. It was concluded that the including the SiO2 NPs into HDPE resulted in higher tensile and flexural properties. It has increased the impact strength of composite by 23.58% (5% by wt. addition of silica nanoparticles) and 46.42% (10% by wt. addition of silica nanoparticles).
Waste to Energy Management for Sustainable Development
Authors: Rana Sachin , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Vijay , Sharma Neelesh Kumar
Published: October 2022

"The difficulty of managing the proper treatment of the city concrete waste or municipal solid waste (MSW) is one that affects urbanized environment on a regular basis. As more goods and services are used for a high-life standard, the volume of MSW often rises. Less than 35% of the MSW in the United States gets recycled, while the majority is landfilled. New energy technologies offer the opportunity to minimize the rising MSW burden. Waste-to-energy (WTE) methods including gasification, plasma arc gasification, incineration, and pyrolysis can be used to transform MSW into a significant source of energy. Sources can be produced by various WTE technologies and can be used in place of fossil fuels energy resources. It is expected that the aspects of the stability related to different energy and waste treatments can be improved. The work introduces the creation of a model of WTE plant which is based on one the WTE technology, pyrolysis. This work initially needed to remove energy from the waste for which the study of various waste processing technologies has been done and appropriate waste processing technology is selected. The construction process started by selecting the necessary equipment and some challenges were made and changes were made to fix issues that were born during the construction and testing of the power plant model. The result of this work is the production of fuel from waste, which is stored in both gaseous and liquid form by condensation.
Covid-19 infection and Buerger`s syndrome: A case report
Authors: Hovhannisyan A.H. , Asoyan V.A. , Gyulazyan N.M. , Madatyan A.A. , Poghosyan A.H. , Mohammadi M. , Barseghyan E.S.
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent global pandemic, with increasing number of cases reported globally. Our understanding of this novel respiratory virus deepens, it is increasingly clear that its effects extend beyond that of the respiratory system and can be extended to the almost all organ systems. SARS-CoV-2 causes lung inflammation which progresses to cytokine storm in the most severe cases. The lungs of patients with COVID-19 show extensive alveolar and interstitial inflammation. COVID-19 causes a spectrum of complications, with frequent involvement of the hemostatic system and there is a high incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly those with severe illness. There is evidence of current body knowledge that COVID-19 induced by microvascular angiopathy can lead to a wide range of tissue pathology and clinical complications, such as Kawasaki disease, Buerger’s syndrome and other systemic inflammatory disorders. Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) or Buerger’s disease is a segmental occlusive inflammatory condition of arteries and veins, characterized by thrombosis and recanalization of the affected vessels. Limb infection at diagnosis was associated with a 4-fold higher risk of amputation. Smoking cessation was strongly associated with a lower rate of vascular events and amputation. TAO appears more likely to be a systemic disorder rather than a localized vasculopathy. Therefore, treatment protocols based on systemic treatment of TAO patients may be more helpful than localized treatment, such as bypass surgery and endovascular procedures.
We present a case of a 53-years-old male with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Furter examination showed that patient had pneumonia, moreover, based on the duplex scan results the diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) or Buerger’s disease was confirmed. This disease itself is associated with a high risk of thrombosis and alongside with COVID-19 can cause unpredictable outcome. Patient underwent the day-round observation, received the appropriate treatment and was successfully discharged from the hospital on the day 11.
Risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony
Authors: Putri F.R. , Kurniawati E.M. , Tirthaningsih N.W.
Published: October 2022

Pregnancy and childbirth are physiological processes experienced by women, but it does not rule out complications resulting in maternal death. One of the causes of maternal death is postpartum hemorrhage. Previous studies have found that postpartum hemorrhage is closely associated with uterine atony. This study aims to explore risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony. A case-control study design in Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital. Patient medical records for a period of 2 years at the Dr. Academic General Hospital Soetomo Indonesia used and divided into case and control groups with a ratio of 1:2. Chi-square analyses odds ratios were calculated. A total of 32 patients with uterine atony and 64 medical records without uterine atony were studied. The results of statistical tests on several factors related to postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony showed that advanced maternal age (>35 years) (p= 0.763; 95% CI 0.474 – 2.768), grand multipara parity (p = 0.238; 95% CI 0.583-8.185), anemia with Hb <11 (p=0.027; OR=5.000. 95% CI 1.073–23.303), uterine overdistention including macrosomia, polyhydramnios, or gemelli (p=0.031; OR=2.647, 95% CI 1.081-6.482), accelerated labor (p=0.884, 95% CI 0.396-2.221, and previous history of postpartum hemorrhage (p=0.047; OR= 2.435, 95% CI 1.003 – 5.933). This case control study found that anemia, uterine overdistention, and a previous history of postpartum hemorrhage may increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony. Therefore, it is recommended to the public to increase awareness of the importance of early and regular pregnancy check-ups, especially in the management of anemia and to identify risk factors.
Can Serum Amylase Level Evaluation Facilitate Early Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis, as an adjunctive biomarker?
Authors: Motamed H. , Mehrabi M.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Acute Appendicitis is considered as a medical emergency, one of the most prevalent etiologies for acute abdominal pain. Perforated cases of acute appendicitis are possible sequences of late diagnosis. One of the biomarkers that can be a potential target in diagnosis of acute appendicitis is serum amylase level evaluation which this study is focused on.
Material and Method: 627 patients with acute abdominal pain included in the trial. 125 cases out of these 627,18-65 years old patients with acute abdominal pain whom were suspected of appendicitis were undergone appendectomy surgery due to clinical and paraclinical scoring during standard treatment. At arrival serum amylase evaluation was done for all participants. Macroscopic reports of surgery and histopathologic reports have been recorded. Amylase serum level and its correlation with the acute appendicitis diagnosis and their complications were analyzed with the use of variance test, chi-square tests, ROC curve.
Results: Findings showed, in patients with normal appendix, serum amylase level mean was 55.40mg/dl, and in patient with simple acute appendicitis was 33.32mg/dl, and in complicated appendicitis was 62.40mg/dl which had statistically significant differences (P-value=0.003). Data also showed serum amylase level in the diagnosis of complicated appendicitis in the cutting point 34.5, had Sensitivity , specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value 100%, 56%, 64.5% and 100%, and the total accuracy of the test is 75.5%.
Conclusion: Serum amylase level can be used in more precise diagnosis of acute appendicitis, complicated appendicitis as an adjunctive biomarker. possibly it can help that acute appendicitis and its complication get early diagnosis.
A new species of Pelagodes Holloway, 1996 and a new species of Thalassodes Guenée, 1857 from Luzon, the Philippine islands (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae, Thalassodini)
Authors: Lindt A. , Sarv K. , Viidalepp J.
Published: October 2022

Two new species of Thalassodini, Pelagodes tuustiae Lindt, Sarv & Viidalepp, sp. n. and Thalassodes lennuki Lindt, Sarv & Viidalepp, sp. n., are described from Luzon, Philippines. The adults, their male and female genitalia characteristics are described and illustrated.
The identity of Automeris ophthalmica Moore, 1883 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)
Authors: Becker V. O.
Published: October 2022

The identity of Automeris ophthalmica Moore, 1883, sp. rev. is recognized, based on a specimen reared from a larva that matched the description and illustration of the one from which the female holotype was reared. This finding makes Pseudautomeris ophthalmica (Moore), the senior synonym of the following names: Automeris coronis Schaus, 1913, syn. n., Automeris parametea Bouvier, 1936, syn. n., and Automeris coronoides Bouvier, 1936, syn. n.
New data on Pyraloidea from the Canary Islands, Spain 2 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Crambidae
Authors: Falck P. , Karsholt O. , Slamka F.
Published: October 2022

We describe six new species of Pyraloidea from the Canary Islands, Spain: Dioryctria mieella Falck, Karsholt & Slamka, sp. n., Euzophera mirumella Falck, Karsholt & Slamka, sp. n., Dalakia moyalis Falck, Karsholt & Slamka, sp. n., Peoria gigantesalis Falck, Karsholt & Slamka sp. n. (Pyralidae: Phycitinae), Metasia (Clasperia) baezi Falck, Karsholt & Slamka, sp. n. (Crambidae: Spilomelinae) and Cynaeda acutalis Falck, Karsholt & Slamka, sp. n. (Crambidae: Odontiinae). Eight species are recorded as new to the fauna of the Canary Islands: Achroia grisella (Fabricius, 1794) (Pyralidae: Galleriinae), Alophia combustella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855), Epischniaprodromella (Hübner, [1799]), Epischnia illotella Zeller, 1839, Assara conicolella (Constant, 1884), Homoeosoma stenotea Hampson, 1926 (Pyralidae: Phycitinae), Loxostege sticticalis (Linnaeus, 1761) and Achyra nudalis (Hübner, 1796) (Pyralidae: Pyraustinae). Hypsopygia rubidalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) should be removed from the list of Lepidoptera found in the Canary Islands and replaced by Hypsopygia costalis (Fabricius, 1775) (Pyralidae: Pyralinae). We argue that Pima tricolorella Falck, Karsholt & Slamka, 2019 is a bona species. Photographs of adults of all species are shown. Photographs of the genitalia of new species are shown. Five of the six new species are Barcode and DNA analyses support the identification as new species.
Faunistic account on the Heterocera of Tirthan Valley, Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area: a preliminary checklist (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Singh A. P. , Chandra A. , De K. , Uniyal V. P. , Joshi R.
Published: October 2022

The Present study represents 165 species belonging to 17 families, reported from Tirthan valley of Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area. The study was conducted in April 2018 to July 2019. Family Erebidae and Geometridae was found dominated with 45 species each followed by Crambidae 30 species. With this addition of moth species, Great Himalayan National Park Conservation area is now home to 385 species of moths. The study was conducted for the first time in the Tirthan valley of Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area.
New species of the Genus Mirocossus Schoorl, 1990 from Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Lepidoptera: Cossidae, Cossinae)
Authors: Yakovlev R. V.
Published: October 2022

The article describes Mirocossus chukovskyi Yakovlev, sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Cossidae: Cossinae), distributed in the Bioko Island (Republic of Equatorial Guinea). The article discusses the endemism in the Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests Ecoregion; we suggest a significant difference in the entomofauna of the insular and continental portions of the ecoregion. The article has two illustrations.
Notes on the identity of Phalaena Attacus cassandra Cramer, [1779] (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Arsenurinae)
Authors: Becker V. O.
Published: October 2022

The identity of Phalaena Attacus cassandra Cramer, [1779] is established, based on a female reared from a caterpillar that matched the description and illustration by STOLL (1790), raising the following questions: Are Attacus armida and Attacus cassandra really the same species, or two different species, as supposed by CRAMER (1771 [1779]), when described the adults, and Stoll, when he described the caterpillars? If they are the same, are the caterpillars polymorphic? Illustrations of the larvae and adult provide evidence that support these questions.
Zygaena (Zygaena) nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, a new subspecies from Calabria, Italy (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae)
Authors: Efetov K. A. , Tarmann G. M.
Published: October 2022

A new subspecies, Zygaena (Zygaena) nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n. is described from southern Italy (Calabria, La Sila).
The Mastery of Teacher Emotional Intelligence Facing 21st Century Learning
Authors: Defrianti Denny , Iskandar Iskandar
Published: October 2022

21st century learning is marked by the era of digital disruption that requires teachers who have high skills through mastering emotional intelligence to prepare superior and competitive students. The purpose of this study was to determine how the emotional intelligence mastery of teachers in 21st century learning. This study used mixed methods with explanatory models. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire and interview guidelines. The data collected were analyzed by quantitative and qualitative descriptive. The research respondents were teachers in Jambi province who attended the training 20 people and those who did not attend the training 20 people with a total of 40 people. Sample selection was done by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the average emotional intelligence of teachers was high with the average score of the intelligence of teachers attending training with a mean score of 83.30 and teachers without training with a mean score of 78.02. Furthermore, the emotional intelligence of teachers who are trained significantly affects 21st century learning which dominantly uses technology with the homogeneity test results of 0.333 with a Sig value. 0.020 where t count > 0.05, while for the t test, the t-test value is < 0.05. However, in the learning process, teachers still find it difficult to integrate the use of technology so that high psychological pressure causes self-awareness and self-control to be less stable so that teachers find it difficult to determine the appropriate learning model to use.
Investigating the Use of Phet Simulation as a Substitute for Practical Tools in Understanding the Concept of Static Electricity
Authors: Ismalia Ismalia , Kusumawati May , Wahyuni Putri
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research is to see and find out how the understanding of the concept of Static Electricity towards students of SMAN 9 Muaro Jambi Class X MIPA using web-based learning media, namely PhET (Physics Education Technology) simulation. This type of research is quasi-experimental research, where this research involves variables, namely, the independent variable is Phet Simulation, and the dependent variable is class X Sma N 9 Muaro Jambi students. The data collection technique in this study consisted of 20 students taking both tests, learning using Phet Simulation and not using Phet simulation learning (Conventional). In collecting data, the test method was carried out twice, namely the initial test (pre-test) and the final test (post-test). The test instrument used was five questions in the form of an essay. After the test instruments are distributed, the results are obtained where in the pre-test, the average score obtained by students is 40.02, and in the post-test with an average of 85.21, it can be concluded that the practicum media with Phet simulation has an influence on student learning outcomes.
Analysis of Students' Concession Understanding Ability in Solving Physics Concepts
Authors: Ningsih Fatma Nurma
Published: October 2022

Analysis of Students' Concept Understanding in Solving Physics Problems at SMPN 27 Tanjung Jabung Timur. This research is descriptive quantitative research using a survey design which aims to determine the understanding of the physical concepts of class VII b students on unit quantities and measurements. The research subject was class VII B SMPN 27 Tanjabtim, which involved 20 students. The result data was obtained by giving a concept understanding test in the form of a post-test in the form of multiple choice. The data were analyzed descriptively; the percentage of understanding the concept of each indicator sequentially was 76%, illustrating 73%, classifying 28%, comparing 17%, and explaining 62%. It can be ascertained that the most dominant understanding of physics concepts for class VII b SMPN 27 Tanjabtim is indicators and is in the high category, while the most dominant is in comparison and is in a low category. Factors that cause low student understanding of concepts, namely, lack of interest and motivation of students to repeat the material learned, accustomed to learning by memorizing formulas, not being able to manipulate equations containing three variables and less thorough in understanding questions.
Effect of the STAD Type Cooperative Learning Model with the Help of Crossword Worksheet on Biology Learning Outcomes, especially the Cognitive Domain
Authors: Zb Aminah , Ananda Rizki , Mensah Bismark
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the STAD-type cooperative model with the help of Crossword Puzzles on students' biology learning outcomes, especially on Development and Growth material in terms of Cognitive aspects. The population in this study amounted to 5 classes, and a sample of 2 classes was taken randomly. The study was conducted in two classes which were grouped as experimental class and control class. In the experimental class, learning is carried out using a STAD-type cooperative model with the help of crossword puzzle worksheets, while in the control class, learning is carried out using a conventional model research data obtained from the test of learning outcomes for cognitive aspects. Student learning outcomes on cognitive aspects were analyzed by t-test. The results of data analysis show that the learning outcomes of cognitive domain biology students whose learning uses the STAD-type cooperative model with the help of crossword puzzle worksheets are higher than students whose learning uses the conventional model.
Analysis of Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability and Mathematical Creativity: Judging from the Process of Deriving the Fermi-Dirac Formula
Authors: Nehru Nehru , Ananda Rizki , Zb Aminah , Navalyyan Devie
Published: October 2022

This study aims to see and simultaneously describe the ability to think critically and creatively in student physics teacher candidates in the Fermi-Dirac course. Descriptive quantitative was used as the method of this research. Data collection in the study used tests on the cognitive domain in the form of a description of 8 questions where four measured critical thinking skills and four questions measured creative thinking skills. The data analysis process was carried out qualitatively and then described to determine the students' mathematical critical thinking and creative thinking skills, which were then assessed in distribution based on the categories that had been created. The data and facts that the researchers found after the study showed that the average mathematical thinking ability of students was in the Good Enough category, and the average mathematical communication ability of students were also in the Good Enough category.
Understanding Mathematical Communication Concepts and Skills: Analysis of the Ability of Prospective Physics Teachers?
Authors: Yusuf Irfan , Zb Aminah , Rozal Edi
Published: October 2022

The research that has been carried out aims to see the ability to understand mathematical concepts and mathematical communication of students on the Maxwell-Boltzman material for Tadris Physics students, especially students in semester VI. This research is a quantitative descriptive study in which the data collected from the test results and the results of the lecture process at the time of giving the Maxwell-Boltzman material will be analyzed and described and added with a test technique on the cognitive domain in the form of a description test (essay) consisting of 7 test questions, where five questions are for understanding students' mathematical concepts and two questions for technical analysis of students' mathematical communication skills. The data obtained in the quantitative analysis and according to the five categories that have been determined. The facts obtained from the results of the study show that students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in the Maxwell-Boltzman material is in the Good Enough category, and the average mathematical communication ability of students is also in the Good Enough category.
Learning Reflection During Covid-19 Pandemic: Teacher Perception Toward Google Form Based Test
Authors: Zakwandi Rizki , Wulansari Putri , Maula Atika Rofiqatul , Hasan Suhandi , Anditya Novia
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze the usability of Google Form as an online learning assessment tool. This study uses a quantitative approach through survey methods. Respondents in this study were teachers from various levels of education ranging from elementary to high school levels and from various subjects. The respondents' answers were collected by using a Google Form questionnaire. The analysis results show that using Google Forms is the most straightforward alternative for conducting online assessments. Assessment through Google Form has the principle of being an open system, so it takes the ability to use it. The novelty in this study is to determine the proficiency of Google Forms as an assessment tool during the COVID-19 pandemic and teacher perceptions of the assessment principles using Google Forms. Using Google Forms as an assessment tool during the Pandemic requires additional teachers' competencies for designing a better assessment process. Thus, the comparison of the assessment principle with the assessment process using Google Form to conduct a Pedagogical Review can be considered in designing an assessment using Google Form.