bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmon‐Coupled GaN Microcavity for WGM Lasing and Label‐Free SERS Sensing of Biofluids
Authors: Sun Jianli , Mao Wangqi , Xia Chuansheng , Wang Weian , Cui Qiannan , Shi Zengliang , Zhu Gangyi , Wang Mingliang , Xu Chunxiang
Published: November 2023

A signal amplification strategy is always required to improve sensing performance, especially for mass‐prepared, miniature and highly sensitive testing equipment. Herein, an on‐chip integrated biosensor combining microcavity lasing and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for label‐free biochemical analysis is developed. The gallium nitride (GaN) microrings array is fabricated as a whispering gallery mode microlaser based on totally internal wall reflection, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are further assembled on the cavity surface to confine the optical field synergistically. The improvement of lasing capability indicates the strong light‐matter interaction that is conducive to superior response of biomolecules. As a functional example, a GaN/AuNPs substrate is employed in a urine assay, which avoids the shortcomings of requiring specific reactive reagents on different display modules. Ultimately, the chip not only realizes a wide range of pH (3.6–7.8) identification depending on the ultra‐sensitivity feedback of lasing to the refractive index of liquids, but also significantly enhances SERS signals to enable real‐time determination of the biomolecules in human urine. Even the lowest levels of creatinine (0.02%) can be quantitatively detected in less than a minute; thus this work with dual‐mode spectral analyses realizes rapid diagnosis for urinary systems, as well as provides a more accurate reference for the screening of other diseases.
The Impact of Microstructure on Filament Growth at the Sodium Metal Anode in All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Ding Ziming , Tang Yushu , Ortmann Till , Eckhardt Janis Kevin , Dai Yuting , Rohnke Marcus , Melinte Georgian , Heiliger Christian , Janek Jürgen , Kübel Christian
Published: November 2023

In recent years, all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) with metal anodes have witnessed significant developments due to their high energy and power density as well as their excellent safety record. While intergranular dendritic lithium growth in inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) has been extensively studied for lithium ASSBs, comparable knowledge is missing for sodium‐based ASSBs. Therefore, polycrystalline Na‐β″‐alumina is employed as a SE model material to investigate the microstructural influence on sodium filament growth during deposition of sodium metal at the anode. The research focuses on the relationship between the microstructure, in particular grain boundary (GB) type and orientation, sodium filament growth, and sodium ion transport, utilizing in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements in combination with crystal orientation analysis. The effect of the anisotropic sodium ion transport at/across GBs depending on the orientation of the sodium ion transport planes and the applied electric field on the current distribution and the position of sodium filament growth is explored. The in situ TEM analysis is validated by large field of view post‐mortem secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) analysis, in which sodium filament growth within voids and along grain boundaries is observed, contributing to the sodium network formation potentially leading to failure of batteries.
Ferroelectric Layer‐Assisted Asymmetric Heterojunction Boosts Power Output in Silicon Hydrovoltaic Device
Authors: Song Yuhang , Song Zheheng , Jiang Conghui , Xing Chunfang , Zeng Xuelian , Zhang Zekun , Chen Zhewei , Song Tao , Shao Beibei , Wang Yusheng , Sun Baoquan
Published: November 2023

Hydrovoltaic devices (HDs) that convert ubiquitous environmental energy via water evaporation serves as a prospective technology for renewable power schemes. However, it remains a grand challenge to perform controllable and stable modulation of hydrovoltaic power generation for multi‐scenario practical applications. Here, a ferroelectric‐field assisted silicon HD is proposed, which sandwiches an ultrathin polarizable polymer between nanostructured silicon and the top electrode, constituting an asymmetric heterojunction designed to clinch well‐regulated and robust electrical signal output. Tunable modulation of the internal electric field at the silicon/top electrode interface can be realized by facilely aligning the polarization orientation of the ferroelectric domains, thus dominating the silicon energy band bending and controlling the ultimate electrical signal. Upon effective forward polarization, the interfacial dipoles can build a stronger asymmetric electric field, which allows an efficient sweep of the charges out of the heterojunction. Accordingly, the resulting device clinches to yield a considerably modulated voltage of 1.04 V, nearly three‐fold modulation over the reverse polarization one. As prospective applications, multifunctional sensing platforms including the self‐sufficient environmental temperature detector, intelligent water‐level alarm system, and automatic‐manual dual‐mode irrigation control system are demonstrated. This work exhibits the unique characteristics of ferroelectric HDs with tunable electrical performance.
Achieving pH‐universal electrosynthesis of formate under industrial‐grade current density by enriched selenium vacancies
Authors: Zhao Zilin , Hu Xiangzhao , Liu Yingnan , Wang Dashuai , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Gao Xiang , Hu Xiaobing , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang
Published: November 2023

Electrosynthesis of formate via CO2 reduction (CO2ER) is of great significance for completing carbon cycle, however, low CO2 utilization efficiency caused by slow reaction kinetics greatly hinder its large‐scale application. Herein, we reported a ~50 nm‐thick SnSe2 nanosheets with enriched Se vacancies, which exhibits an excellent catalytic activity for pH‐universal formate electrosynthesis. In alkaline, neutral, and acidic electrolytes, this catalyst reached up to the maximum formate Faradaic efficiencies of 94.1%, 81.7%, and 78.1%, respectively. Under corresponding pH conditions, the maximum formate partial current densities achieved 800, 568, and 495 mA cm−2, respectively. Kinetic experiments combined with in situ electrochemical spectroscopy unveiled that the abundant Se vacancies promoted the dissociation of water to produce more protons, thereby accelerating the formation rate of key *OOCH intermediate. Theoretical calculations validated that the formation of enriched Sn active sites lowered the energy barrier for the *OOCH formation, eventually facilitating the formate electrosynthesis process.
Plant protein and animal protein‐based Pickering emulsion: A review of preparation and modification methods
Authors: Wen Jiayu , Jiang Lianzhou , Sui Xiaonan
Published: November 2023

Protein‐based Pickering emulsions are gaining popularity due to their biocompatibility and alignment with people's pursuit of health. This review focuses on recent advances in the preparation of Pickering emulsions using various plant and animal proteins from different sources. For sustainability and cost reasons, plant proteins are preferred, while animal proteins provide better nutritional quality. According to the type of plant or animal protein, the suitable modification and preparation methods of stable Pickering emulsion are summarized, including heating, enzyme induction, anti‐solvent precipitation, pH‐cycling, glycosylation, microwave heating, spray drying, and high hydrostatic pressure. Different methods were employed to modify the properties of Pickering emulsion particles at the oil–water interface. To overcome the amphiphilicity limitations of some proteins, substances such as polysaccharides or polyphenols were combined to improve the physical and chemical properties of the particles. Additionally, this review analyzes the effect of different protein particle sources on the properties of Pickering emulsions.
Structural elements and spheres of expertise: Creating a healthy ecosystem for cultural data initiatives
Authors: Given Lisa M. , Polkinghorne Sarah , Cattlin Joann
Published: November 2023

While technology affords creation of digital collections, and promises access to all, the reality is that many cultural data collections exist in a precarious ecosystem, where erratic funding, fragmented support, and disconnected expertise threaten their continued existence. As a significant branch of the broader information ecosystem, cultural data collections range in size and scope, from national institutions to bespoke local collections supported by individuals. This exploratory, qualitative study engaged cultural data experts in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom to map the broad cultural data ecosystem and to identify opportunities for healthier growth. The development and maintenance of cultural data collections requires integration across the spheres of expertise of creators, curators, subject matter experts, information science, and computing and technology. The foundational structural elements of the ecosystem include funding, policies, access to existing data, community context, and technological infrastructure. The key elements of a healthy data ecosystem are clarity of purpose, user‐focused design, sustainability, allied coproduction, and reciprocal interconnection. A healthier cultural data ecosystem means more collections and initiatives will have positive impacts for research, knowledge, and diverse communities, contributing positively to the broader information ecosystem and to society, at large.
An image‐based Abplex method for high‐throughput GPCRs antibody discovery
Authors: Jiang Min , Wang Yuanyuan , Yu Xinke , He Yiran , Zheng Xuewen , Qin Jingyi , Gu Yayun , Li Xin , Shi Ying , Ma Xiaochuan , Li Jiong , Pu Kefeng
Published: November 2023

As the field of antibody therapeutics advances rapidly, membrane proteins, particularly G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), have emerged as highly sought‐after drug targets. However, the challenges associated with extracting membrane proteins have created a demand for effective antibody screening systems targeting these proteins. In this study, we propose developing an innovative antibody screening strategy (Abplex) based on high‐content imaging. This approach leverages intact cells that express target membrane proteins, facilitating the presentation of proteins in their native conformation. Furthermore, it acquires both specific and non‐specific binding signals in a single well, thereby bolstering the robustness of the outcomes. The technique involves just one step and can be completed within 50 min, enabling the analysis of a single sample in just one second. The amalgamation of dependable experimental findings, a simplified workflow, reduced hands‐on time, and a swift analytical pace positions our method for superior throughput and precision when juxtaposed with traditional techniques such as CbELISA and FACS. Moreover, we introduce the concept of cell barcoding, wherein cells are labeled with different fluorescence spatial patterns. This feature allows for multiplexed detection to meet the needs of various experiments. The characteristics of Abplex promise to expedite GPCR‐targeting antibody discovery, advance therapeutics and enable new disease treatments.
Mechanistic modeling of empty‐full separation in recombinant adeno‐associated virus production using anion‐exchange membrane chromatography
Authors: Gomis‐Fons Joaquin , Zee Bryan , Hurwit Daniel , Woo James , Moscariello John , Nilsson Bernt
Published: November 2023

Recombinant adeno‐associated viral vectors (rAAVs) have become an industry‐standard technology in the field of gene therapy, but there are still challenges to be addressed in their biomanufacturing. One of the biggest challenges is the removal of capsid species other than that which contains the gene of interest. In this work, we develop a mechanistic model for the removal of empty capsids—those that contain no genetic material—and enrichment of full rAAV using anion‐exchange membrane chromatography. The mechanistic model was calibrated using linear gradient experiments, resulting in good agreement with the experimental data. The model was then applied to optimize the purification process through maximization of yield studying the impact of mobile phase salt concentration and pH, isocratic wash and elution length, flow rate, percent full (purity) requirement, loading density (challenge), and the use of single‐step or two‐step elution modes. A solution from the optimization with purity of 90% and recovery yield of 84% was selected and successfully validated, as the model could predict the recovery yield with remarkable fidelity and was able to find process conditions that led to significant enrichment. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case study of the application of de novo mechanistic modeling for the enrichment of full capsids in rAAV manufacturing, and it serves as demonstration of the potential of mechanistic modeling in rAAV process development.
Unveiling Stereo‐Electronic Effects in Homogeneous Catalysis Integrating Theory and Experiments: the Potential of Dimeric Iron(III) Salen Complexes in Methyl Levulinate Transesterification
Authors: Perrella Fulvio , Langellotti Vincenzo , Buttarazzi Edoardo , Cucciolito Maria Elena , Melchiorre Massimo , Pinto Gabriella , Prokopenko Valeriia , Rega Nadia , Ruffo Francesco , Petrone Alessio , Esposito Roberto
Published: November 2023

Biomass represents an abundant and renewable source of raw materials that can be effectively converted into intermediates and base chemicals. Among these, levulinic acid has garnered significant attention due to its direct derivation from lignocellulosic biomass and the presence of two functional groups, a carboxylic acid, and a ketone, enabling diverse transformations into valuable products. Levulinic acid esters have already found applications in various industrial sectors such as cosmetics, plasticizers, and solvents. In this study, a broad array of alkyl levulinates has been successfully synthesized through homogeneous transesterification catalyzed by Lewis acids. A systematic screening of a library of μ‐oxo‐dinuclear Fe(III) salen complexes has been conducted, aiming to elucidate the impact of steric and electronic properties of their substituents. A complementary theoretical‐computational study based on quantum mechanics calculations and machine learning regression techniques has been employed to unravel the relationship between the structure of the catalysts and their corresponding properties, shedding light on the key factors influencing their catalytic performance.
Hope and career regret: Mediator role of career adaptability and career construction
Authors: Bilgiz‐Öztürk Şeyma , Karabacak‐Çelik Aynur
Published: November 2023

An individual's career path choice is a unique decision that can be relatively difficult to change and lead to significant consequences. A well‐planned career decision‐making process helps individuals to be successful in an occupation. However, an undesirable decision‐making process may hinder career development. This type of undesirable decision‐making possibly leads to regrets in a career; if not addressed, these regrets may be highly destructive. To deepen the understanding of the reasons leading to it, this study focuses on the mediator role of career adaptability and career construction regarding the relationship between hope and regret. We collected the data through convenience sampling, and the participants comprised 550 Turkish university students. Each participant completed Dispositional Hope Scale, Student Career Construction Inventory, Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale—Short Form, and Career Decision Regret Scale. The results revealed that career adaptability and career construction had significant mediator effects regarding the relationship between hope and career regret.
Excited‐State Dynamics of a Photoacid: A Potential Probe for Recognizing Transition from Lamellar to Nonlamellar Inverted Structures of Liposome based Nanocarriers
Authors: Ghosh Gourab , Roy Debanjana Singha , Ghosh Ria , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Biswas Suman , Roy Lopamudra , Chattopadhyay Arpita , Das Ranjan , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: November 2023

Liposomes of a cationic lipid dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) are efficient nanocarriers of nucleic acids. Incorporation of a neutral lipid monoolein (MO) in excess (xMO>0.5) changes the lamellar organization of DODAB liposomes into non‐lamellar inverted structures of DODAB/MO liposomes facilitating nucleic acid delivery to cells. Photoexcitation of 8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid (HPTS), a photoacid, initiates an excited state proton transfer (ESPT) reaction in its protonated form (ROH*) generating the deprotonated anionic form (RO−*). The fluorescence intensity ratio (IROH*/IRO−*) of these two forms is governed by the ESPT dynamics, and increases with increasing MO content (xMO) in the cationic liposomes of DODAB. Transition from lamellar organization of DODAB liposomes into non‐lamellar inverted structures of DODAB/MO liposomes, due to incorporation of MO (xMO~0.7), is manifested by a significant increase of ESPT time (τPT) and the time constant of wobbling motion (τW) of HPTS. Thus, the lamellar organizations of DODAB or DODAB‐rich (xMO 0.2) liposomes and the non‐lamellar organizations of MO‐rich (xMO~0.7) liposomes are recognized by significantly different excited state dynamics of the photoacid.
Shoaling behaviour in response to turbidity in three‐spined sticklebacks
Authors: MacGregor Hannah E. A. , Ioannou Christos C.
Published: November 2023

Many fresh and coastal waters are becoming increasingly turbid because of human activities, which may disrupt the visually mediated behaviours of aquatic organisms. Shoaling fish typically depend on vision to maintain collective behaviour, which has a range of benefits including protection from predators, enhanced foraging efficiency and access to mates. Previous studies of the effects of turbidity on shoaling behaviour have focussed on changes to nearest neighbour distance and average group‐level behaviours. Here, we investigated whether and how experimental shoals of three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in clear (<10 Nephelometric Turbidity Units [NTU]) and turbid (~35 NTU) conditions differed in five local‐level behaviours of individuals (nearest and furthest neighbour distance, heading difference with nearest neighbour, bearing angle to nearest neighbour and swimming speed). These variables are important for the emergent group‐level properties of shoaling behaviour. We found an indirect effect of turbidity on nearest neighbour distances driven by a reduction in swimming speed, and a direct effect of turbidity which increased variability in furthest neighbour distances. In contrast, the alignment and relative position of individuals was not significantly altered in turbid compared to clear conditions. Overall, our results suggest that the shoals were usually robust to adverse effects of turbidity on collective behaviour, but group cohesion was occasionally lost during periods of instability.
Immunity in malignant brain tumors: Tumor entities, role of immunotherapy, and specific contribution of myeloid cells to the brain tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kienzler Jenny C. , Becher Burkhard
Published: November 2023

Malignant brain tumors lack effective treatment, that can improve their poor overall survival achieved with standard of care. Advancement in different cancer treatments has shifted the focus in brain tumor research and clinical trials toward immunotherapy‐based approaches. The investigation of the immune cell landscape revealed a dominance of myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Their exact roles and functions are the subject of ongoing research. Current evidence suggests a complex interplay of tumor cells and myeloid cells with competing functions toward support vs. control of tumor growth.

Here, we provide a brief overview of the three most abundant brain tumor entities: meningioma, glioma, and brain metastases. We also describe the field of ongoing immunotherapy trials and their results, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccination studies, oncolytic viral therapy, and CAR‐T cells. Finally, we summarize the phenotypes of microglia, monocyte‐derived macrophages, border‐associated macrophages, neutrophils, and potential novel therapy targets.
Pharmacokinetics of vitamin dosage forms: A complete overview
Authors: Sugandhi Vrashabh V. , Pangeni Rudra , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Poudel Sagun , Nangare Sopan , Jagwani Satveer , Gadhave Dnyandev , Qin Chaolong , Pandya Anjali , Shah Purav , Jadhav Kiran , Mahajan Hitendra S. , Patravale Vandana
Published: November 2023

Vitamins are crucial for sustaining life because they play an essential role in numerous physiological processes. Vitamin deficiencies can lead to a wide range of severe health issues. In this context, there is a need to administer vitamin supplements through appropriate routes, such as the oral route, to ensure effective treatment. Therefore, understanding the pharmacokinetics of vitamins provides critical insights into absorption, distribution, and metabolism, all of which are essential for achieving the desired pharmacological response. In this review paper, we present information on vitamin deficiencies and emphasize the significance of understanding vitamin pharmacokinetics for improved clinical research. The pharmacokinetics of several vitamins face various challenges, and thus, this work briefly outlines the current issues and their potential solutions. We also discuss the feasibility of enhanced nanocarrier‐based pharmaceutical formulations for delivering vitamins. Recent studies have shown a preference for nanoformulations, which can address major limitations such as stability, solubility, absorption, and toxicity. Ultimately, the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceutical dosage forms containing vitamins can impede the treatment of diseases and disorders related to vitamin deficiency.
P–T path reconstruction in a multi‐layered garnet‐bearing schist: Evidence for 2.2–2.1 Ga near‐isothermal loading in the northern margin of the Western Dharwar Craton (India), and regional implications
Authors: Praharaj P. , Rekha S. , Bhattacharya A.
Published: November 2023

P–T paths were reconstructed using P–T pseudosection modelling from garnets in a finely laminated mylonitic hornblende‐biotite schist with four sub‐cm wide mineralogically distinct layers separated by poly‐crystalline quartz layers from the northern margin of the Western Dharwar Craton (WDC). The almandine‐grossular‐rich garnets, syn/post‐tectonic with respect to the mylonite foliation, exhibit considerable variations in the zoning patterns of divalent cations in the different layers. By contrast, the compositions of the matrix minerals dominated by biotite, chlorite, hornblende and plagioclase are tightly constrained within and across the layers. The varying abundances of major element oxides in the layers reflect variations in the abundances of the minerals, rather than the mineral compositions. P–T conditions estimated using mineral thermo‐barometry in the garnet‐muscovite‐biotite‐plagioclase assemblages are 520–575°C and 6–8 kbar; somewhat higher P–T values (615–665°C, 7–9 kbar) are obtained from hornblende‐garnet‐plagioclase‐quartz assemblages. The P–T paths obtained from the multi‐mineralic layers using P–T pseudosection modelling yield near‐isothermal loading (4–7 kbar) at 500–550°C in all layers. The near‐isothermal loading experienced by the multi‐layered rock suggests rapid crustal thickening involving overthrusting followed by nucleation of steeply dipping transpressional shear zones due to oblique convergence of the WDC with a crustal domain in the north. U‐Th‐total Pb chemical dating of metamorphic monazites indicates the crustal convergence occurred at 2.2–2.1 Ga. The event does not have known equivalents in the neighbouring crustal domains eastwards in India as well as in Madagascar in the west. This suggests the crustal domain may be an exotic block.
Antiglomerular basement membrane antibody type rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with seizures: Two cases and literature review
Authors: Han Chongyang , Cui Xiangrong , Tan Zhicheng , Li Yafeng , Qiao Yufeng
Published: November 2023

Background

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is clinically manifestations as a rapidly progressive renal failure and pathologically as crescentic and necrotizing lesions with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the glomeruli. Uremic encephalopathy (UE) usually develops in patients who are suffering from acute or chronic renal failure.

Objective

The purpose of this article is to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of renal disease complicated with seizures. Patients Two cases of anti‐glomerular basement membrane type rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis complicated with seizures were reported.

Materials & Methods

In case 1, a 40‐year‐old woman was hospitalized for the treatment of nausea, anorexia, and fever. On admission, she presented with elevated serum inflammatory indicators, moderate anemia, and advanced acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis. Her anti‐glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody in serum and renal tissues was found to be extremely high. She was finally diagnosed with anti‐GBM disease. She was treated with a combination of corticosteroid pulse therapy, oral cyclophosphamide and prednisolone, and plasma exchange, while continued to require maintenance hemodialysis for end‐stage kidney disease. During treatment, she suddenly suffered blindness, seizure, and consciousness disturbance. She was diagnosed as posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome subsided quickly after control of her hypertension and reinforcement of immunosuppressive treatment. In case 2, the patient also developed epileptic symptoms on the basis of GBM disease, and was given treatment similar to that of Case 1, so that the epileptic symptoms were controlled.

Result

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, especially when accompanied by cerebral hemorrhage, may lead to irreversible and lethal neurological abnormalities, and nephrologists should, therefore, be aware of the potential risk of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in patients with anti‐GBM disease. We can discuss the current two cases in the light of the previous literature.
A case of condyloma acuminatum of the bladder concurrently diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Tsuru Ibuki , Nakamura Masaki , Izumi Taro , Ono Akihiro , Miura Sakiko , Morikawa Teppei , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Kitamura Tadaichi , Kume Haruki , Shiga Yoshiyuki
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Condyloma acuminatum usually occurs in the external genitalia and rarely in the bladder mucosa. Here, we report a case of condyloma acuminatum of the bladder that was detected concurrently with urothelial carcinoma.

Case presentation

A 42‐year‐old man was referred to our urology department with positive urine cytology for urothelial carcinoma. Cystoscopy revealed a broad‐base nonpapillary bladder tumor. The patient underwent a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Pathological examination revealed urothelial carcinoma, high‐grade pT1, and concurrent resection of condyloma acuminatum. DNA was extracted from the paraffin‐embedded transurethral resection of the bladder tumor tissue specimens. HPV11 was detected in condylomas by PCR and in situ hybridization, whereas HPV was not detected in urothelial carcinomas.

Conclusion

We report a rare case of condyloma acuminatum of the bladder that was concurrently diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma from the same site.
CircFNTA promotes tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer via miR‐604/miR‐647/SCN8A axis
Authors: Yu Wei , Shen Jie , Wang Xiaoguang , Qin Hongbo , Xing Chungen
Published: November 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major contributor to cancer‐related deaths and is characterized by high heterogeneity in epidemiology and histopathology worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play multifaceted roles in cellular processes in human cancers. Here, we demonstrated that circFNTA high expression increases the proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition process and tumorigenicity of GC cells. First, we found that circFNTA was upregulated in GC cells and tissues, and the high circFNTA levels were positively associated with the poor prognosis in GC patients. Using luciferase reporter and RNA‐pull down assays, we elucidated that circFNTA sponged two microRNAs, miR‐604 and miR‐647. In addition, the proliferation and metastatic ability of GC cell reduction caused by silencing circFNTA was hindered by inhibitors of miR‐604 and miR‐647. Moreover, SCN8A was predicted by miRDB as a common target gene of miR‐604 and miR‐647, which was then verified by the luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of circFNTA causes messenger RNA and protein levels in SCN8A to be downregulated in GC cells. However, this effect was overturned by cotransfection miR‐604 and miR‐647. Also, we identified that SCN8A was downregulated in GC tissues, which was positively correlated with circFNTA expression. In rescue experiments, the attenuated cell proliferation and metastatic ability caused by circFNTA knockdown was reversed by miR‐604 and miR‐647 inhibitors and SCN8A overexpression. Collectively, our findings suggest an oncogenic role of circFNTA in GC progression and elucidate that circFNTA exerts its function by modulating the miR‐604/miR‐647/SCN8A axis.
Illuminating the structural basis of human neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) antagonism through classical all‐atoms molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Mishra Sarbani , Rout Madhusmita , Singh Mahender Kumar , Dehury Budheswar , Pati Sanghamitra
Published: November 2023

Advances in structural biology have bestowed insights into the pleiotropic effects of neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1R) in diverse patho‐physiological processes, thereby highlighting the potential therapeutic value of antagonists directed against NK1R. Herein, we investigate the mode of antagonist recognition to discern the obscure atomic facets germane for the function and molecular determinants of NK1R. To commence discernment of potent antagonists and the conformational changes in NK1R, induced upon antagonist binding, state‐of‐the‐art classical all‐atoms molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in lipid mimetic bilayers have been utilized. MD simulations of structural ensembles reveals the involvement of TM5 and TM6 in tight anchoring of antagonists through a network of interhelical hydrogen‐bonds, while, the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) governs the overall size and nature of the pocket, thereby modulating NK1R. Consistent comparison between experiments and MD simulation results discerns the predominant role of TM3, TM4, and TM6 in lipid‐NK1R interaction. Correlation between hydrophobic index and helicity of TM domains elucidates their importance in maintaining the structural stability in addition to regulating NK1R antagonism. Taken together, we anticipate that our computational study marks a comprehensive structural basis of NK1R antagonism in lipid bilayers, which may facilitate designing of new therapeutics against associated diseases targeting human neurokinin receptors.
Organocatalyzed cycloaddition reactions of azomethine imines—A lookback
Authors: Jose Bastin K. , Simon Athulya , Subrahmanian Niranjana , Adhwithi P. , Mathai Sindhu
Published: November 2023

The versatile and convergent nature of 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions has made them an indispensable tool in organic chemistry for synthesizing five‐membered heterocycles. Among the various dipoles, azomethine imines (AMI) constitute a versatile class, increasingly used to synthesize biologically relevant heterocycles. The organocatalytic cycloaddition reactions of azomethine imines are relatively unexplored compared to the corresponding transition metal‐catalyzed reactions. This review highlights the unique organocatalytic cycloaddition reactions of AMI with different dipolarophiles. The cycloaddition of azomethine imines catalyzed by organic bases such as prolinol, proline, alkaloids, 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU), primary amines, tertiary amines, N‐heterocyclic carbene, and phosphine are discussed here. The mechanistic and electronic aspects, including broad functional group tolerance, catalyst loading, and reaction conditions, are evaluated. This review also demonstrates the scope and potential reactivity of azomethine imines in organocatalytic cycloadditions. We are positive that the reactions of azomethine imines discussed here will aid in discovering new and efficient reaction pathways in synthesizing biologically active and industrially relevant molecules.
Impact of point‐of‐care HIV viral load and targeted drug resistance mutation testing on viral suppression among Kenyan pregnant and postpartum women: results from a prospective cohort study (Opt4Mamas)
Authors: Patel Rena C. , Oyaro Patrick , Thomas Katherine K. , Basha Garoma Wakjira , Wagude James , Mukui Irene , Brown Evelyn , Hassan Shukri A. , Kinywa Eunice , Oluoch Fredrick , Odhiambo Francesca , Oyaro Boaz , Kingwara Leonard , Karauki Enericah , Yongo Nashon , Otieno Lindah , John‐Stewart Grace C. , Abuogi Lisa L.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Lack of viral suppression (VS) among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV poses challenges for maternal and infant health, and viral load (VL) monitoring via centralized laboratory systems faces many barriers. We aimed to determine the impact of point‐of‐care (POC) VL and targeted drug resistance mutation (DRM) testing in improving VS among pregnant and postpartum women on antiretroviral therapy.

Methods

We conducted a pre/post‐intervention prospective cohort study among 820 pregnant women accessing HIV care at five public‐sector facilities in western Kenya from 2019 to 2022. The pre‐intervention or “control” group consisted of standard‐of‐care (SOC) centralized VL testing every 6 months and the post‐intervention or “intervention” group consisted of a combined strategy of POC VL every 3 months, targeted DRM testing, and clinical management support. The primary outcome was VS (VL ≤1000 copies/ml) at 6 months postpartum; secondary outcomes included uptake and turnaround times for VL testing and sustained VS.

Results

At 6 months postpartum, 321/328 (98%) of participants in the intervention group and 339/347 (98%) in the control group achieved VS (aRR 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98, 1.02). When assessing VS using a threshold of <40 copies/ml, VS proportions were lower overall (90−91%) but remained similar between groups. Among women with viraemia (VL>1000 copies/ml) who underwent successful DRM testing in the intervention group, all (46/46, 100%) had some DRMs and 20 (43%) had major DRMs (of which 80% were nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations). POC VL testing uptake was high (>89%) throughout pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum periods, with a median turnaround time of 1 day (IQR 1, 4) for POC VL in the intervention group and 7 days (IQR 5, 9) for SOC VL in the control group. Sustained VS throughout follow‐up was similar between groups with either POC or SOC VL testing (90−91% for <1000 copies/ml, 62–70% for <40 copies/ml).

Conclusions

Our combined strategy markedly decreased turnaround time but did not increase VS rates, which were already very high, or sustained VS among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV. Further research on how best to utilize POC VL and DRM testing is needed to optimize sustained VS among this population.
Does economic freedom foster education in Sub‐Saharan Africa?
Authors: Dia Ibrahima , Atangana Ondoa Henri , Ouedraogo Idrissa
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the effect of economic freedom on education in Sub‐Saharan Africa. We used a panel of 41 countries covering the period 2000–2019 and the two‐stage least squares (IV‐2SLS) estimates. We find that economic freedom fosters secondary education. Furthermore, we find that the five components of economic freedom have varying effects on education. Indeed, size of government increases secondary education. Legal system increases secondary and tertiary education, while freedom to trade fosters primary and secondary education. In contrast, sound money has a negative impact on primary and tertiary education. These results are robust when we consider education by gender.
Identifying delays in the outpatient interventional radiology department: a quality improvement study
Authors: Kilgour Jeremy , McLean Glenda , Paul Eldho , Knight Richard
Published: November 2023

Introduction

In the post‐COVID 19 environment, it has become increasingly important for healthcare services to optimise service delivery for the benefit of both patients and staff. The project purpose was to quantify and determine causes of throughput delays in a newly established outpatient angiography service in a public hospital setting.

Methods

This single‐centre study obtained quantitative and qualitative data for 81 consecutive outpatient interventional radiology (IR) examinations over a 3‐month period via survey and retrospective analysis of electronic medical records. Staff participating in data collection were able to record multiple causes for delay in a single case and were also able to include comments, allowing for more detailed descriptions of the delays that occurred.

Results

A total of 93 delay factors were identified in 73 of the 81 outpatient interventional examinations and grouped into six categories via thematic analysis. Availability of the IR room (40%), availability of the radiologist (28%) and insufficient documentation (18%) were identified as the most frequent causes for delay. Linear regression analysis showed that documentation (P = 0.0002) and room unavailability (P = 0.022) were independently associated with procedural starting delay.

Conclusion

Delays to the IR procedural start time occurred in 90% of cases (73/81). This study identified the causes for delays in outpatient interventional procedures. This information can be used to improve service delivery in IR departments.
Sexualize one, objectify all? The sexualization spillover effect on female job candidates
Authors: Guillén Laura , Kakarika Maria , Heflick Nathan
Published: November 2023

We examined whether sexualizing a businesswoman impacts attitudes toward subsequently evaluated, nonsexualized females applying for a corporate managerial position. Research shows that sexualized women are perceived as less warm and competent (i.e., objectified). Integrating this work with research on social cognition, we hypothesized that the negative effect of sexualization “spills over” onto other nonsexualized women, reducing their hireability. Across two experiments, initially sexualized women were perceived as less warm and competent, as were subsequently evaluated nonsexualized female job candidates. In turn, these negative perceptions reduced the applicants' probability of being hired. Sexualization of women also increased intentions to hire a subsequently evaluated male candidate. The results were robust when we controlled for evaluators' gender and age. Our findings demonstrate that female job applicants can experience detrimental effects from sexually based objectification, even when they are not the individuals initially sexualized. We discuss implications for women's careers.
Effect of extrusion on the protein structure and digestibility of extruded soybean protein
Authors: Fu Xiaohang , Li Wenhui , Zhang Tianyu , Li He , Zang Mingwu , Liu Xinqi
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Extrusion is the main method for the preparation of plant‐based meat. Current studies have focused on the effect of different extrusion parameters on the texture and quality of plant‐based meat, but there has been less research on their digestibility. This study determined the textural properties of extruded soybean protein (ESPro) for different extrusion parameters and the digestibility after in vitro simulated digestion experiments. The effect of extrusion on the structure and digestibility of ESPro and the relationship between them were elucidated.

RESULTS

The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the digestibility of ESPro through extrusion, with the highest values for cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, fibrous degree, digestibility, and proportion of digested peptides with <1 kDa molecular weight at an extrusion temperature of 160 °C and a screw speed of 30 rpm (ESPro1). In addition, β‐sheet content in the secondary structure of the ESPro showed a significant negative association with ESPro digestibility.

CONCLUSION

In this study, extrusion could improve the digestibility of ESPro by altering the protein structure. This advancement holds the potential for more effective applications in plant‐based meats. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
How to use augmented reality to promote a destination? The mediating role of augmented reality attachment
Authors: Zhu Chris , Io Man‐U. , Hall Colin Michael , Ngan Henrique Fátima Boyol , Peralta Rachel Luna
Published: November 2023

Augmented reality (AR) is gaining attention as one of the methods for realizing metaverse experiences. Although previous studies identified authenticity and narrative transportation as positive predictors of tourist behaviors in AR tourism, few studies have explained why authenticity and narrative transportation can affect tourist behaviors in AR tourism. To fill the research gap, drawing upon attachment theory, this study aims to examine the mediating role of AR attachment between authenticity, narrative transportation, and word of mouth. Through structural equation modeling analysis, the findings indicated AR attachment mediated authenticity, narrative transportation, and word of mouth. This study advanced attachment theory by proposing a new concept, AR attachment, and tested its mediation effect. Furthermore, the findings are beneficial for heritage tourism managers to understand AR heritage tourism marketing.
Correlations Between Anxiety and/or Depression Diagnoses and Dysphagia Severity
Authors: Doruk Can , Mocchetti Valentina , Rives Hal , Christos Paul , Rameau Anaïs
Published: November 2023

Objective

An increased prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in patients with dysphagia has been noted previously, but whether dysphagia severity may be exacerbated by anxiety and depression has never been studied before. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of pre‐existing diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression (anxiety/depression) on the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10), a validated patient‐reported outcome measure for dysphagia. We hypothesized that patients with dysphagia and normal instrumental evaluation have higher EAT‐10 score in the presence of pre‐existing anxiety and depression.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients seen at the multi‐disciplinary dysphagia clinic of an urban academic institution. EAT‐10 scores and pre‐existing diagnoses of anxiety/depression were collected at the first visit with laryngologists. The two‐sample t‐test was used to compare mean EAT‐10 scores between the anxiety/depression and no anxiety/depression groups, stratified by swallowing dysfunction etiology.

Results

The study included 290 consecutive patients seen starting in January 2018. In this cohort, 60 (21%) had pre‐existing anxiety, 49 (17%) depression, and 36 (12%) both. Overall, 59 patients had normal swallowing based on instrumental swallowing testing (flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, videofluoroscopic swallow study, esophagram, or esophagoscopy). Among those, mean EAT‐10 score was significantly higher in patients with anxiety and/or depression (n = 30) (14.63, SD = 11.42) compared to those with no anxiety and/or depression (n = 29) (8.93, SD = 6.59) (p = 0.023).

Conclusion

While anxiety/depression may aggravate dysphagia in patients with normal swallowing function, this correlation may not hold in those with objective swallowing dysfunction.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:2115–2120, 2024
Lab‐based multispectral photography for approximating chlorophyll content in Zostera marina
Authors: Haviland Katherine Ann , Hayn Melanie , Howarth Robert Warren
Published: November 2023

Reduced light is one of the primary threats to seagrass meadows in the coming decades, with reduced light reaching the benthos due to eutrophication. We assessed a multispectral photography technique using near‐infrared photography to estimate chlorophyll content in the seagrass Zostera marina. Using near‐infrared and red wavelength cameras in the lab environment, we measured normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in photographs of sampled seagrass leaves. In samples taken from three different environments, we found a positive correlation between lab‐based NDVI and chlorophyll content, with variation attributable to leaf age. In samples grown under different light conditions, we found high levels of NDVI associated with lower light possibly due to seagrass photoacclimation. This method may be used in addition to existing seagrass monitoring methods to collect data on seagrass photic status and estimate chlorophyll content, and detect possible light limitation due to turbidity or high epibiota cover. The relatively low cost and time required for this method may make it useful where researchers are already collecting and imaging seagrass as part of routine monitoring.
Large Field‐of‐View and Multi‐Color Imaging with GaP Quadratic Metalenses
Authors: Baranikov Anton V. , Khaidarov Egor , Lassalle Emmanuel , Eschimese Damien , Yeo Joel , Loh N. Duane , Paniagua‐Dominguez Ramon , Kuznetsov Arseniy I.
Published: November 2023

Metalenses, in order to compete with conventional bulk optics in commercial imaging systems, often require large field of view (FOV) and broadband operation simultaneously. However, the strong chromatic and coma aberrations present in common metalens designs have so far limited their widespread use. Stacking of metalenses as one of the possible solutions increases the overall complexity of the optical system and hinders the main benefits of reduced thickness and light weight. To tackle both issues, this study proposes a single‐layer imaging system utilizing a recently developed class of metalenses providing large FOV. Using it, full‐color imaging with a FOV of is demonstrated. This approach, empowered by computational imaging techniques, produces high‐quality images, both in terms of color reproduction and sharpness. Suitable for real‐time unpolarized light operation with the standard color filters present in prevalent camera systems, these results might enable a pathway for consumer electronics applications of this emerging technology.