bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Gradually Increasing Energy Dose on AMH Levels in Ovarian Drilling
Authors: Yarci Gursoy Aslı , Kiseli Mine , Pabuccu Emre Göksan , Caglar Gamze Sinem , Pabuccu Recai
Published: April 2016

Background: To document alterations in Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels with different energy doses by monopolar cautery in ovarian drilling (OD) in rats. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups that each contained 10 animals. Group A was the Sham group. Groups B, C and D were intervention groups to which OD was applied by monopolar cautery, with 20, 60 and 120 J/ovary, respectively. The total amount of energy was calculated using the following formula: energy (J) = power (W) × duration (s) × number of punctures. Results: The pre- and postoperative AMH levels for Groups A, B and C were not statistically and significantly different according to the Bonferroni correction (p > 0.0125). However, the postoperative AMH levels were significantly lower than the preoperative AMH levels in Group D (1.25 ng/ml (1.07-2.05) vs. 0.40 ng/ml (0.30-0.72); p = 0.012). Conclusions: AMH is a promising marker that can be used for the individualization of the energy dose to increase OD success, but the relationship between the energy and AMH has not been documented yet. This study demonstrates that postoperative changes in AMH levels could be observed only after a certain amount of energy was applied. Further experimental animal models are needed to conclusively address this issue.
A Comprehensive Study on Specifying an Intelligent Approach to Solve Network Reconfiguration Problem
Authors: Shakarami Mahmoud Reza , Khajeh Ahmad Attari Sina , Namdari Farhad
Published: April 2016

This paper presents an approach based on biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm to solve the distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) problem for minimizing active power loss. Also it is demonstrated that with considering the nature of reconfiguration problem, among the intelligent algorithms, BBO approach could result the best performance. One of the remarkable advantages of this study is comparing seven different intelligent algorithms in solving network reconfiguration problem. This comparison, not only includes final fitness in optimization process, but also considers number of function evaluation (NFE). The effectiveness of the BBO method has been tested on two different distribution systems and the obtained simulation results are compared with Genetic algorithm (GA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Artificial bee colony (ABC), Gravitational search algorithm (GSA), Technical learning based optimization (TLBO) and Cuckoo algorithm (CA). The comparison results show that BBO approach can be an efficient and promising method for solving DNR problems.
Advanced Optimal For PV system coupled with PMSM
Authors: Shneen Salam Waley
Published: April 2016

The main advantages of PMSM are high torque density, high efficiency and small size. Photovoltaic power generation system PV generation technology is treated as the most promising technology among renewable energies. Photovoltaic (PV) power generation system is a promising source of energy with great interest in clean and renewable energy sources. To use different control systems, like Classical PI Controller, Expert System Fuzzy Logic Controller and Optimization PSO Controller. It used to control for power electronic (inverter) &PMSM which worked in the integration system to PV energy. There are two parts in this paper, first part advanced Optimal PSO, Fuzzy &PI Controller power electronic (inverter) with PV for using different control systems this part on the generator side at constant torque. Second part in the load side of variable torque, by using different control systems with PMSM to analyze all results after using the simulation model of proposed based PV system. The PV system is coupled with PMSM. A closed loop control system with a PI control, Fuzzy, PSO in the speed loop with current controllers.
Lightweight Communication Overhead Authentication Scheme Using Smart Card
Authors: Y. F. Al_Sahlani Ahmed , Lu Songfeng
Published: April 2016

Authentication takes its place to grant authorized user a remote access to certain online resources. As well, prevent unauthorized user from accessing that resources. Unforyunatly most of authentication schemes consider only security factors without taking in consideration the communication resources required. Recently, Li et. al. proposed an enhanced smart card based remote user password authentication scheme. We analyzed their scheme and we pointed out that, their scheme required high communication overhead. Furthermore, their scheme suffer from forgery, user impersonation and server impersonation attacks. Through this paper to address aforesaid weaknesses, we propose a Lightweight communication overhead authentication scheme using smart card. The security and performance analysis shows that, our proposed scheme is lightweight communication and computation cost as well secure and can withstand wide spectrum of malicious attacks, like forgery, insider, replay and stolen smart card attack. Besides, our scheme encompasses desired security attributes. Therefore, it is suitable for practical use compared to other related scheme. 
Impact of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Element to People Knowledge Sharing Behavior at Virtual Communities of Practices in Indonesia
Authors: Assegaff Setiawan , Kurniabudi Kurniabudi , Fernando Erick
Published: April 2016

One of critical challenge in knowledge management success is to motivate people share their knowledge to others. Prior’s research reveals that motivation as primary driver for people to perform knowledge sharing. Previous study also indicated people influenced by internal (intrinsic) and external (extrinsic) motivation when perform the knowledge sharing. The aim of this article is to investigate and explores how the elements of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation contribute to people intention in perform knowledge sharing in virtual communities. Moreover this study would confirm and understand how this knowledge sharing behavior occurs in Indonesia Context. Many literatures argue that different culture context would produce different of people belief and behavior. This study conducts a survey in a formal virtual community of practices members in one Indonesia Company. Two hundred and four respondents participated in this study. Data was analysis using SEM with Smart PLS Software. This study found that both of those motivations (intrinsic and extrinsic) are positively influences behavior of people knowledge sharing in formal Virtual Communities of Practices. In advance this studies indicate that extrinsic motivation is major motivation element that influencing people in perform knowledge sharing.
Vocational Higher Education Governance Recommendation Based On Cobit 5 Enabler Generic Model
Authors: Nugroho Heru , Surendro Kridanto
Published: April 2016

Enterprise governance for higher education can be viewed as arrangements that include a variety of university assets in order to support the strategy in achieving the goals and objectives.  In the implementation governance in university there are factors that affect good governance which are individual or groups. This factors are then called an enabler of enterprise governance. In the previous research obtained the fact that the enabler of enterprise governance that provide significant influence in the governance of vocational higher education is the organization structure and information. Using four common dimensions for enablers in COBIT 5 Enabler Generic Model will give recommendation for governance in vocational higher education. These recommendations are expected help the vocational higher education in preparation of blue print of governance needs by considering the enablers of organizational structure and information.
PROJETO DE ARQUITETURA: PROCESSO ANALÓGICO OU DIGITAL?
Authors: Rheingantz Paulo Afonso
Published: April 2016

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a relação entre os processos analógico e digital e uma discussão sobre os reflexos do uso e disseminação do computador como ferramenta de comunicação dos arquitetos com proprietários, construtores e usuários fundamentada no entendimento de projeto como linguagem de comunicação e de ferramenta de concepção. Em lugar de discutir as vantagens e desvantagens do uso do computador em um projeto, uma questão superficial, recorre-se aos estudos de Bateson sobre a lógica das relações de duplo vínculo da comunicação humana e sobre o uso concomitante de dois modos de linguagem – palavras (digital) e emoções (analógico) – para refletir sobre os riscos da perda da capacidade dos arquitetos no uso da linguagem analógica à medida que a tecnologia digital avança. Diante do risco de estarmos construindo uma barreira comunicativa decorrente da crescente dependência de uma lógica digital, argumenta-se em favor da necessidade enfatizarmos a importância do desenho como linguagem de comunicação analógica e digital, seduzidos pelas demandas crescentes de precisão e eficiência cujo preço pode vir a ser abrir mão de nossa humanidade.
DINÂMICAS QUE ENSINAM: A METODOLOGIA DE PROJETO NO ENSINO DE ARQUITETURA
Authors: Moreira Daniel De Carvalho , Kowaltowski Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz , Beltramin Renata Maria Geraldini
Published: April 2016

Este trabalho apresenta várias dinâmicas de ensino dentro de disciplinas de graduação e pós-graduação da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FEC) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). As experiências tocaram em questões relacionadas ao processo de projeto em arquitetura. O processo de projeto é entendido como um ciclo de atividades que compreende a concepção, a descrição, a construção e o uso do espaço construído. É dada ênfase às reflexões sobre o programa arquitetônico e às possíveis dinâmicas para a fase analítica do projeto. Dinâmicas são consideradas importantes, pois estimulam novos pontos de vista e oferecem alternativas ao projetista na resolução de problemas. No ensino, elas podem surpreender alunos e professores, além de estimular novos nichos de pesquisa acadêmica. A relação ensino-pesquisa no ensino superior é discutida. São apresentadas experiências de disciplinas distintas de graduação e pós-graduação. Um curso de curta duração contribuiu também com outras lições e dinâmicas. O propósito do presente artigo é apresentar as dinâmicas aplicadas, independentemente da situação original em que foram ministradas, e discutir as contribuições e resultados obtidos nessas experiências, especialmente em relação às pedagogias específicas em metodologia de projeto em arquitetura.
O USO DE MODELADORES TRIDIMENSIONAIS PARAMÉTRICOS NA FORMAÇÃO DE COMPETÊNCIAS DE REPRESENTAÇÃO GRÁFICA E RACIOCÍNIO ESPACIAL NO PROCESSO DE PROJETO
Authors: Borges Marcos Martins
Published: April 2016

Este trabalho apresenta reflexões acerca dos atuais paradigmas de representação e desenvolvimento de projeto de produtos vinculados aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem da expressão gráfica. Tais reflexões estão relacionadas a experiências pedagógicas em andamento em cursos de graduação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia de Produção. Um dos principais argumentos apresentados é a indissociabilidade entre conteúdos de representação gráfica e a prática de projeto. Essa vinculação entre áreas intrinsicamente relacionadas nem sempre foi a prática corrente nas estruturas curriculares dos cursos de engenharia, arquitetura e design. Historicamente, a área de representação gráfica frequentemente se posicionou de forma independente e não integrada com conteúdos de engenharia e, em última análise, com o próprio processo de projeto. Nessa direção, são apresentadas algumas reflexões acerca dos aspectos recentes relacionados ao ensino da representação gráfica, considerando uma perspectiva histórica da evolução dos sistemas digitais de representação do projeto. A partir dessas reflexões, são explicitadas as experiências em andamento com a utilização de modeladores tridimensionais paramétricos.
Seek Knowledge Even If It Takes You to China (Via Washington)Saudi Arabia and China in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Foley Sean
Published: April 2016

For much of the last twenty years, China’s ties with Saudi Arabia have been understood in commercial terms, with most scholars arguing that the relationship has little cultural or historical depth. Drawing on multiple trips to China between 2011 and 2015 along with a ten-month period living continuously in Saudi Arabia in 2013 and 2014, this paper argues that there are factors other than economics that should be considered: namely, historical ties dating back to the seventh century, Saudi cultural and geo-strategic linkages to the United States, and the new economic and political geography of Eurasia. While cultural and strategic factors have limited the growth of Saudi-Sino ties since the start of the Arab Spring, they are likely to be the factors that allow for the two sides to realize the potential of their bilateral relationship in the future—even while retaining their close current alliances with other great powers.
China in Turkish Academic Literature
Authors: Sezen Seriye
Published: April 2016

Although China oriented academic interest in Turkey began in 1930s with the aim of learning Turks’ past from Chinese sources, this interest was limited to a smaller community of scholars consisting of sinologists and historians up to the 1990s. The paper deals with the evaluation of Turkish academic literature on China and tries to reveal the topography of China oriented academic works with some insight into academic community. First, it briefly reviews the Sino-Turkish relations and recent developments of China studies in Turkey. Thereafter, findings of the survey based on the examination of master and PhD theses in the field of social sciences in Turkey are discussed.

It shows a positive correlation between quantitative growth of theses and diversification of research areas and the post 1980 transformation process of China in one hand, and the growth of Turkey-China relations in the other. Moreover, the academic motives and aims have changed compared to those of the early period. The researchers are now more oriented to China’s present and future than its past and they tend to understand and explain China’s rising, its future and its influence on Turkey’s economy with a more pragmatic approach.
Chinese Soft Power and Green Energy Investment in the Greater Middle East
Authors: Cole Juan R. I.
Published: April 2016

Green energy investment is one avenue through with the Chinese government is beginning to create a new relationship with the Middle East. Chinese solar panel firms have research and production advantages in the world market, but face rising labor costs at home. The Communist Party under Xi Jinping has pursued two major policies, “Go out!” and “One Road, One Belt.” The first refers to Chinese firms creating factories abroad to benefit from cheap labor and from local low-tariff trade blocs. China will therefore set up solar panel factories in the United Arab Emirates and in Morocco. Both countries have strong national commitments to renewable energy, but also have access to a wide range of export markets. This sort of investment changes China’s relationship to the region from being one of buying hydrocarbons to a much more intensive set of interactions, including acting as employer for local labor.
‘Steering the Wheel of History’
Authors: Dušanić Dunja
Published: April 2016

This article explores the paradoxical position of Serbian modernist authors, chiefly Ivo Andrić, vis-à-vis Gavrilo Princip. It addresses the discrepancy between the powerful hold that Princip, as a symbolic figure, had on the members of his generation and the absence of literary representations of his act in the literature of the interwar period. A more attentive reading of the texts in which Princip’s act is mentioned or alluded to, shows, however, that he performed an important and highly symbolic function in the modernists’ auto-designation as the members of a new generation of authors.
Mrs Dalloway’s Dialogic Discourse and the Function of the Written Fragment
Authors: Smoley Christine
Published: April 2016

The text of Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs Dalloway is constructed from multiple character ‘voices’ or discourses in such a way that gives the novel a dialogic form. After discussing Mrs Dalloway’s dialogic model of sane and insane discourse and subjectivity—a model which is transposed into the text through the discourses of Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Smith—by drawing upon Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of novelistic discourse, this paper demonstrates how the novel makes use of its dialogic form and structure, positing a model of modern subjectivity by demonstrating the paradoxical inhabitation of ‘insanity’ within sanity, and the fundamental role which ‘unreason’ plays as a constituent of reason.
Gardenia reflexisepala (Rubiaceae), A New Species from Hainan Province, China with Typification of G. angkorensis and G. cambodiana
Authors: Ye Xing-Er , Xia Nian-He
Published: April 2016

Gardenia reflexisepala (Rubiaceae) is described from Hainan Province, China based on distinctive morphological characters of the calyx. This new taxon was previously confused with G. angkorensis, an Indo-Chinese taxon to which it is superficially similar based on leaf size, seed size and shape, fruit size and shape and branching architecture. Gardenia reflexisepala differs from G. angkorensis in having linear and strongly reflexed calyx lobes, glabrous outer surface of the calyx tubes and glabrous petioles. Lectoypification of G. angkorensis and G. cambodiana is also made here.
Magnolia arroyoana, a new name for Magnolia crassifolia (Magnoliaceae)
Authors: Molinari-Novoa Eduardo Antonio
Published: April 2016

Magnolia crassifolia Arroyo & Pérez in Arroyo et al. (2013: 501) is a South American species known only from the type collection, which comes from primary forest found in the Ecuadorian province of Zamora Chinchipe, near the Peruvian-Ecuadorian border. However, it is an illegitimate later homonym of M. crassifolia Göppert (1852: 277), a fossil taxon described on the basis of leaf impressions found in Silesia, Germany. Therefore, the south American species requires a new name (Art 6. 11 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012), which is proposed below.
Phylloporia spathulata sensu stricto and two new South American stipitate species of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae)
Authors: Lopes Valéria Ferreira , Robledo Gerardo Lúcio , Reck Mateus Arduvino , Neto Aristóteles Góes , Drechsler-Santos Elisandro Ricardo
Published: April 2016

During a taxonomic revision of species belonging to Phylloporia, some collections from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil previously determined as P. spathulata had morphological discrepancies in comparison to the type material of this taxon. Both molecular phylogenetic and morphological analysis revealed them to be two distinct species, described here as Phylloporia elegans sp. nov. and P. nodostipitata sp. nov. They mainly differ from P. spathulata by having reviving basidiomata with smaller pores and basidiospores. Phylloporia nodostipitata develops caespitose basidiomata with a knotted and flexuous stipe and a tomentose pileal surface. Phylloporia elegans develops solitary basidiomata with a cylindrical and straight stipe and a plagiotrichoderm pileal surface. Both species are described, illustrated, discussed and compared with Phylloporia spathulata based on a study of the type. Phylloporia spathulata sensu stricto is presented based on its basionym type material.
Do two South American species of Cheilanthes (Pteridaceae) traditionally linked to the Cheilanthes marginata group, belong to Gaga?
Authors: Ponce Monica , Scataglini Maria Amalia
Published: April 2016

The phylogenetic positions of Cheilanthes hieronymi and C. poeppigiana are tested using DNA sequences of plastid matK and rbcL markers. These South American species are historically linked to Cheilanthes marginata, now transferred to the new genus Gaga. The results showed that C. hieronymi  and C. poeppigiana are located outside Gaga. The study corroborated that the morphological similarities between the two species and the genus Gaga were resulted from convergences.
Stachys hakkariensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia (Turkey) belonging to Stachys sect. Olisia
Authors: AKÇİÇEK Ekrem , FIRAT Mehmet , GÜNER Özal
Published: April 2016

Stachys hakkariensis, a new species of S. sect. Olisia, is described and illustrated from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. From the morphological point of view, S. hakkariensis appears to be similar  to S. sparsipilosa, but it differs in several morphological features regarding the stem, leaves, flower and fruit. Geographical distribution, habitat and IUCN conservation status of this species are provided.
Schizostachyum langbianense, a new species of bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from Lang Bian Mountain, Vietnam
Authors: Tien Tran Van , Xia Nianhe , Wong Khoon Meng , Phan Nguyen Huu Toan , VAN DUY NONG , TIEN CHINH VU
Published: April 2016

Schizostachyum langbianense is a new woody bamboo from a high mountain, Lang Bian, in southern Vietnam, which is being described and illustrated. It is similar to S. ninhthuanense in having short ultimate inflorescence branchlets on which clusters of a few pseudospikelets are borne. However, it differs in its culm leaves with a horizontal or only slightly concave apical portion, culm leaf blades that are narrowly lanceolate, and a palea that is not apically bifid and dorsally sulcate with 2 keels. Both species occur in the same mountain region, but separated by distinct elevations.
First Record of Anisoptera (Insecta: Odonata) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber
Authors: SCHÄDEL MARIO , BECHLY GÜNTER
Published: April 2016

The fossil dragonfly Burmalindenia imperfecta gen. et sp. nov. is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber as the first record of the odonate suborder Anisoptera for this locality and one of the few records from amber in general. The inclusion comprises two fragments of the two hind wings of a dragonfly. The fossil can be attributed to a new genus and species of the family Gomphidae, presumably in the subfamily Lindeniinae, and features a strange teratological phenomenon in its wing venation.
Rediscovery and redescription of Coenagrion persicum (Lohmann 1993) with description of the female, and some notes on habitat selection (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: SCHNEIDER THOMAS , IKEMEYER DIETMAR , FERREIRA SÓNIA , MÜLLER OLE
Published: April 2016

Coenagrion persicum was described by Heinrich Lohmann in 1993 on the basis of a single male and two larvae captured in 1937 by E.W. Kaiser in Lorestãn Province (W-Iran). In June 2015 two of the authors (TS and DI) rediscovered individual-rich populations of this species in two Iranian provinces (Lorestãn and Esfahãn). We could confirm the structural differences of the male appendages between C. persicum and C. pulchellum based on a larger number of specimens than in the original description. The structural differences from C. pulchellum in females and their phenotypic variation pattern is described. Coenagrion persicum and C. pulchellum are also genetically distinct regarding two nDNA gene fragments: arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). In contrast with C. pulchellum, C. persicum prefers small springs and running waters with rich herbal vegetation. Our faunistic data indicate that the species is present in the mountains between 1800 m and 2300 m a.s.l.. The species seems to be restricted to W-Iran, where it co-occurs with other rheophilic species.
CARLOS PRIETO & MARIA A. VARGAS (2016) Elfin butterflies of the genus Rhamma Johnson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae): A review of the Colombian species. Zootaxa, 4093(3): 323–342.
Authors: PRIETO CARLOS , VARGAS MARIA A.
Published: April 2016

N/A
A Simple Method Based on Routine Observations to Nowcast Down-Valley Flows in Shallow, Narrow Valleys
Authors: Duine Gert-Jan , Hedde Thierry , Roubin Pierre , Durand Pierre
Published: April 2016

A simple relation to diagnose the existence of a thermally driven down-valley wind in a shallow (100 m deep) and narrow (1–2 km wide) valley based on routine weather measurements has been determined. The relation is based on a method that has been derived from a forecast verification principle. It consists of optimizing a threshold of permanently measured quantities to nowcast the thermally driven Cadarache (southeastern France) down-valley wind. Three parameters permanently observed at a 110-m-high tower have been examined: the potential temperature difference between the heights of 110 and 2 m, the wind speed at 110 m, and a bulk Richardson number. The thresholds are optimized using the wind observations obtained within the valley during the Katabatic Winds and Stability over Cadarache for the Dispersion of Effluents (KASCADE) field experiment, which was conducted in the winter of 2013. The highest predictability of the down-valley wind at the height of 10 m (correct nowcasting ratio of 0.90) was found for the potential temperature difference at a threshold value of 2.6 K. The applicability of the method to other heights of the down-valley wind (2 and 30 m) and to summer conditions is also demonstrated. This allowed a reconstruction of the climatology of the thermally driven down-valley wind that demonstrates that the wind exists throughout the year and is strongly linked to nighttime duration. This threshold technique will make it possible to forecast the subgrid-scale down-valley wind from operational numerical weather coarse-grid simulations by means of statistical downscaling.
The Church of England’s exclusion of same-sex couples from marriage
Authors: Simpkins Matthew , O’Donovan Oliver
Published: April 2016

Behind the Church of England’s public statements on marriage, such as Men and Women in Marriage, lies the thought of ethicist Oliver O’Donovan. This article highlights the influence of O’Donovan’s arguments concerning ‘sexual dimorphism’ (male/female physiological opposition) and ‘openness to procreation’ upon the Church’s case for the heterosexual exclusivity of marriage, by showing how they fill in the gaps in the reasoning of Men and Women in Marriage. These arguments, however, are ideologically conservative, fail to meet O’Donovan’s own standard for the admissibility of natural claims and do not convince that sexual opposition is an essential requirement for fidelity, permanent mutuality or openness to procreation – the Church of England’s three goods of marriage.
Good Teaching for One and All: Does Gifted Education Have an Instructional Identity?
Authors: Tomlinson Carol Ann
Published: April 2016

Educators of the gifted rationalize offering special curricula for gifted learners based on (a) the nature of the learning environment established for these learners; (b) constructivist principles of content, process, and product; and/or (c) use of a range of instructional strategies associated with programs for gifted learners. General educators find such defenses for gifted education little more than an argument for “good education.” This essay proposes an alternate model of curriculum and instruction suited to advanced learners. Use of such a model should strengthen both educational practice and research focused on talent development in gifted students.
Head and Neck Surgery—An Evolution over 30 Years
Authors: Ogura Joseph H.
Published: April 2016

This lecture portrays a 3O‐year span in the history of head and neck surgery In otolaryngology, which the author experienced from its beginning, and describes the multiple events that have evolved In its transition to maturity.
Partial or Total Eighth Nerve Section in the Treatment of Vertigo
Authors: Silverstein Herbert
Published: April 2016

Partial vestibular (singular) neurectomy under general anesthesia through a postauricular approach is an effective method of relieving incapacitating benign positional vertigo, as is the case in 14 of 16 patients (87%) so treated.

Middle fossa vestibular neurectomy appears to be a worthwhile procedure to deinnervate the peripheral vestibular system while preserving hearing. The results of 27 middle fossa vestibular neurectomies indicate relief of vertigo in 85% of the patients.

The results of treatment on 44 patients undergoing transmeatal‐cochleovestibular neurectomy indicated that vertigo was relieved in 19 of 23 (82%) with Meniere's disease and Improved in 50% of the patients with poststapedectomy vertigo and sensorineural hearing loss. Tinnitus was cured or markedly improved in 80% of the patients with Meniere's disease and 70% of the patients with poststapedectomy sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus.

The transmeatal‐transcochlear approach to the internal auditory canal offers advantages over the transmeatal labyrinthectomy or translabyrinthine approach to the internal auditory canal.
Microcauterization in Reconstructive Surgery of the Larynx
Authors: Kirchner Fernando R.
Published: April 2016

The increased interest in microcauterization is related to its simplicity, accuracy, and economy. Because of its intrinsic nature, microcauterization has been found to be a suitable method in the removal of cicatricial bands from the larynx, even in those patients whose larynges are difficult to expose. Some endolaryngeal suturing techniques have been developed and successfully used in combination with microcauterization in the conservative management of difficult laryngeal problems, including a congenital interarytenoid cleft. A combination of this technique has also been successfully employed in the prompt rehabilitation of a meaningful group of patients afflicted with bilateral abductor paralysis of the vocal cords.
A New Method for Determining Impulsive Time Constants and Their Application to Clinical Data
Authors: Sills Andrew W. , Honrubia Vicente
Published: April 2016

We have developed an accurate, convenient method for determining unique values of vestibular time constants from impulsive tests. The method was used to determine the mean values and standard deviations of 36 normal subjects. A comparison between these normal values and data from patients with cerebellopontine (CP) angle tumors or unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions showed no significant difference in the values of the time constants. We conclude that shape‐descriptive parameters such as time constants cannot differentiate between subjects and patients.
Vestibular System Abnormalities in Otosclerotic Subjects
Authors: Parnes Steven , Black F. Owen , Wall Conrad , O'Leary Dennis P. , Feltyberger Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

A technique to quantify the tandem Romberg test (posturography) was used to study ten patients with otosclerosis before (series 1), 48 hours after (series 2), and between two to four months after (series 3) a stapedectomy. The results were analyzed by power spectrum analysis and then compared to findings from electronystagmographic testing performed with series 1 and 3.

There was no significant change In the electronystagmography (ENG) test findings between series 1 and 3. Posturography, however, demonstrated an uncompensated vestibular pattern in the immediate postoperative period which, after two months, converted to a compensated vestibular pattern. Posturography serves as a useful quantitative test for the study of patients with balance disorders because the procedure supplements rather than complements the ENG. In addition, posturography detects vestibular reflex abnormalities in stapedectomized patients two months afterwards. Other testing modalities have not consistently demonstrated this postoperative vestibular system instability.
Sudden Blindness Secondary to Injections of Common Drugs in the Head and Neck: II. Animal Studies
Authors: McGrew Robert N. , Wilson R. Sloan , Havener William H.
Published: April 2016

The sudden occurrence of unilateral and bilateral blindness, as reported in the literature from the personal experiences of numerous qualified investigators, occurring in humans and producing such catastrophic effects seems to mandate experimental effort to try and answer three basic questions: (1) Can an animal model be found which will demonstrate similar retinopathy for study? (2) If such a model is found, what mechanisms are involved in the production of the retinal pathologic changes? (3) What are the characteristics of the drug or drug combinations necessary to produce these pathologic changes?
Concepts in the Management of the Lower Nasal Cartilages: Anatomic Contour—Surgical Sculpturing
Authors: Farrior Richard T.
Published: April 2016

The lower nasal cartilages are sophisticated in contour as they exist in the normal position in the live patient. A different concept of the anatomic contour and twist of the cartilage is presented in anticipation of applying this information to surgical correction. Many cadaver dissections have been performed to demonstrate anatomic and surgical detail. The complex problem of surgical correction is simplified in four basic techniques from which the surgeon can select according to the existing anatomy. The contour of the “average normal” alar cartilage is presented from a different perspective, and average measurements for the remaining caudal segment are given as a guide for the surgeon.
The Kallikrein‐Kinin System in Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Bernstein Joel M. , Stecer Robert , Back Nathan
Published: April 2016

The kallikrein‐kinin system was studied in middle ear effusions from 28 ears suffering from otitis media with either a purulent, mucopurulent, serous or seromucinous, or mucoid effusion. Kinin, kininogen, kininase, kallikrein, prekallikrein, and protein were measured in these secretions. The findings suggest that the concentration of kinin is greatest in the serous and seromucinous effusions and lowest in the mucoid effusions. This is also true for kininogen and total protein. These studies suggest that the vasoactive polypeptide system is present in most middle ear effusions and that the concentration of the components of this system are different for different effusions.
Stria Vascularis Pathology and Recovery following Noise Exposure
Authors: Santi P. A. , Duvall Arndt J.
Published: April 2016

The time course of chinchilla stria pathology (edema) and recovery after one and two noise exposures is quantitatively and qualitatively described. Gross stria edema is present one, three, and seven days following one noise exposure; stria edema is not as severe nor as frequent following two noise exposures. Stria cell and vessel pathology are also observed at seven and ten days after one, but not two, noise exposures. Possible mechanisms of stria pathology and recovery after noise exposure are discussed.
Postauricular Kimura's Disease
Authors: Nelson Scott M. , Meyers Arlen D.
Published: April 2016

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura's disease) is a relatively uncommon subcutaneous lesion, which can be confused with angiosarcoma. A case is presented. The differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Maxillary Sinus
Authors: DeMoura Luiz F. P. , Yook Tae Sik
Published: April 2016

A malignant fibrous histiocytoma from the maxillary sinus of a 51‐year‐old woman was treated surgically with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. The maxillary sinus is an unusual site for this rare and controversial neoplasm, as a review of the literature shows.
Lethal Rhinocerebral Phycomycosis in a Healthy Adult: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Castelli John B. , Pallin John L.
Published: April 2016

A lethal case of rhino‐orbital‐cerebral phycomycosis (mucormycosis) in an otherwise healthy man is presented. The clinical, radiologic, and ante mortem surgical pathology associated with microbiologic examinations failed to yield the diagnosis of fungal infection as the cause of a clinical presentation of acute sphenoid sinusitis with a fulminant cavernous sinus thrombosis. No similar case report was found in review of the literature. There is a need for a high degree of suspicion in this condition to improve the uniformly poor prognosis in this devastating infectious disease. Emphasis is placed on the necessity for early tissue or microbiologic diagnosis with appropriate histologic stains and fungal cultures. Treatment consists of extensive surgical excision of all necrotic or questionably viable tissue in conjunction with alternate‐day amphotericin B therapy.
An Alternative Approach to the Pterygopalatine Fossa by Removing the Mandible and Immediately Replacing IT
Authors: McCabe Brian F. , Bardach Janusz , Sherman Garry P.
Published: April 2016

A case is presented of a child with a desmoid tumor of the pterygopalatine fossa in which approximately a third of the mandible including the condyle was removed for exposure. The trimmed mandibular segment was then returned to position with a fascia cap over the condyle and intermaxillary fixation was instituted. The graft was followed by serial roentgenogram over five years. The graft took completely, grew with the patient, and resulted in normal dental occlusion and normal mandibular excursion.
Rabies: Otolaryngologic Manifestations
Authors: Holzen Thomas W. , Newman Richard , Gates George A. , Meyerhoff William L.
Published: April 2016

Rabies is a rare, fatal viral infection, usually transmitted by the bite of an infected animal. Some 30,000 Americans are immunized annually, however, so public health considerations are common. The development of a new vaccine, grown in human diploid cell culture, is discussed. It appears to have high antigenicity with no serious morbidity. A case of a patient with fatal rabies who had fever, delirium, dysphagia, and cervical and pectoral subcutaneous emphysema is presented.
Aspergillus Thyroiditis
Authors: Keane William M. , Potsic William P. , Perloff Leonard J. , Barker Clyde F. , Grossman Robert A.
Published: April 2016

A case of fatal disseminated aspergillosis in a renal transplant patient is presented. The initial manifestation of the disease was consistent with thyroiditis. Autopsy findings are shown and support this unique presentation. The diagnosis of aspergillosis is difficult to make and may require pulmonary biopsy. Early diagnosis and treatment with amphotericin B are the keys to successful management of the disease.
Corticosteroid Injections of the Nasal Turbinates: Past Experience and Precautions
Authors: McCleve Don , Goldstein Jerome , Silver Steve
Published: April 2016

Clinical experience with triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog) injections into the nasal turbinates for allergic and vasomotor rhinitis is reported by two authors. Gratifying results have occurred in most of the over 60,000 patients treated, with no serious side effects. Two cases of intravascular injections of another corticosteroid reaching the retinal circulation are reported, and methods for preventing this complication are proposed.
Paget's Disease and Hearing Loss
Authors: Harner Stephen G. , Rose Darrell E. , Facer George W.
Published: April 2016

Hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo have long been associated with Paget's disease of the bone. We reviewed the records of 463 patients with Paget's disease who were seen in the otolaryngology department. Hearing loss was common. It was our observation that mixed hearing losses were part of the disease process. Sensorineural hearing loss was the most frequent loss, but it usually was not part of the disease process. Tinnitus, vertigo, or both were seen in about 20% of these patients.
Rhytidectomy (Face‐Lift) in the Otolaryngologic Practice
Authors: DeMoura Luiz F. P.
Published: April 2016

A surgical procedure is described that minimizes the lifting of the hairline in rhytidectomy by locating most of the incision inside the hair. Traction of the skin is directed at producing a soft, rounded contour. The author reports good results on 30 patients in two years' time.

Appropriateness of rhytidectomy depends on psychologic factors and on biologic rather than chronologic age. Operation under general anesthesia is preferred and should be confined to a simple procedure.

However, blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, and mentoplasty are often performed at the same time. Forehead lifting is a desirable associated procedure in which the incisions can be joined. Cutting of the muscle fibers is preferred to resection of the frontal corrugator. Minilifting to obtain Oriental slant eyes is considered a wasted effort.
Solitary Neurogenous Sarcomas of the Head and Neck
Authors: DeFries Hugh O. , Nolph Michael B. , Kornblut Alan D.
Published: April 2016

The clinical histories of three patients with neurogenous sarcomas involving the head and neck are detailed. The most satisfactory treatment suggested for such tumors involves combined therapy with chemotherapy, radiation, and radical surgical excision. By so doing, potential patient cure might be further increased and survival rates further improved.
Gelatin Film Sandwich in Tympanoplasty
Authors: Karlan Marc S.
Published: April 2016

A technique is presented that utilizes two sheets of gelatin film as a sandwich to provide a scaffold for medial support and lateral cover to fascia grafts while permitting visual inspection of both fascia and tympanic membrane.
Advanced logging and analytical methods unlock producibility potential in fresh formation water — A case study from offshore West Africa
Authors: Ayodele Irewole , Cavalleri Chiara , Kabon Sarah
Published: April 2016

The sedimentary basins of West Africa encompass a vast diversity of geologic depositional settings, in and from which hydrocarbons are being explored and produced. The siliciclastic rock units can be structurally heterogeneous, the reservoirs distribution and quality is highly variable, and formation waters have changing salinity values. The fresh to very fresh formation water diminishes the contrast to hydrocarbon complicating any salinity-based measurement technique, such as resistivity. As a result, the reservoir potential might be under- or overestimated by conventional methods; hence, an intelligent petrophysical evaluation and a fit-to-purpose solution become essential to enable the most appropriate development and production strategy. As part of an extended portfolio of wireline logging technology, dielectric dispersion measurement is a critical contribution to the logging programs across the region. The advanced measurement provides dielectric permittivity and conductivity at multiple depths of investigation through the use of multiple frequencies, receiver spacing, and polarizations that are adequately fit into an innovative mandrel design. Robust inversion of all measurements enables solving for salinity, invasion profile, water fraction, shallow zone resistivity, and saturation even when it is hard to distinguish oil from freshwater. We have developed a remarkable example of intelligent logging assessment in highly complex reservoir units where the novel dielectric dispersion measurement is combined with high-resolution magnetic resonance for improved formation evaluation and reservoir management. An integrated data analysis workflow enables fast determination of pay zones and movable fluids independently from and to support saturation equation and input parameters setting. Comparison of the results from well testing confirms the improvement in reservoir description with additional advanced logging measurements (at an early stage of reservoir development) into reservoir models. The information provided is vital to guide perforation and completion designs.
Enhanced real-time determination of resistivity anisotropy and dip using multifrequency and multicomponent induction logging
Authors: Hou Junsheng , Donderici Burkay , Torres David
Published: April 2016

Multicomponent induction (MCI) logging is able to provide a wealth of measurements at multiple subarrays and frequencies that can be used to evaluate complex subsurface formations. Real-time and postprocessing inversion methods have been introduced by various researchers for determining formation resistivity anisotropy (horizontal and vertical resistivity or conductivity), dip, and dip azimuth/strike using MCI measurements. The majority of these methods are based on single-frequency information. We have developed an enhanced real-time method and relevant workflow for determining formation resistivity anisotropy, dip, and dip azimuth using multifrequency MCI information. This enhanced method can be used to improve accuracy in formation evaluation applications, such as reservoir identification, hydrocarbon/water saturation calculation, and geologic and structural interpretation. Enhancements over the present single-frequency data processing include: (1) optimal harmonization of multiple single-frequency inverted logs, (2) robust determination of dip and dip azimuth angle for low-resistivity anisotropy ratios, (3) practical data-quality evaluation that takes into account the effects of formation resistivity, anisotropy ratio, and dip parameters, and (4) a new integrated workflow that can be used to determine formation anisotropy, true dip, and dip azimuth by integrating processed relative dip and azimuth and borehole directional logging data. Finally, all of these data process enhancements have been validated with synthetic data and field log data.
Trans and cis factors affecting A-to-I RNA editing efficiency of a noncoding editing target in C. elegans
Authors: Washburn Michael C. , Hundley Heather A.
Published: April 2016

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing by ADARs affects thousands of adenosines in an organism's transcriptome. However, adenosines are not edited at equal levels nor do these editing levels correlate well with ADAR expression levels. Therefore, additional mechanisms are utilized by the cell to dictate the editing efficiency at a given adenosine. To examine cis- and trans-acting factors that regulate A-to-I editing levels specifically in neural cells, we utilized the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein, ADR-1, inhibits editing in neurons, which is largely masked when examining editing levels from whole animals. Furthermore, expression of ADR-1 and mRNA expression of the editing target can act synergistically to regulate editing efficiency. In addition, we identify a dsRNA region within the Y75B8A.8 3′ UTR that acts as a cis-regulatory element by enhancing ADR-2 editing efficiency. Together, this work identifies mechanisms that regulate editing efficiency of noncoding A-to-I editing sites, which comprise the largest class of ADAR targets.
Better Outcomes through Learning, Data, Engagement, and Research (BOLDER) – a system for improving evidence and clinical practice in low and middle income countries
Authors:   BOLDER Research Group
Published: April 2016

Despite the many thousands of research studies published every year, evidence for making clinical decisions is often lacking. The main problem is that the evidence available is generated in conditions very different from those that prevail in routine clinical practice and with patients who are different. This is particularly a problem for low and middle income countries as most evidence is generated in high income countries.

A group of clinicians, researchers, and policy makers met at Bellagio in Italy to consider how more relevant evidence might be generated. One answer is to conduct more pragmatic trials—those undertaken in routine clinical practice. The group thought that this might best be achieved by developing “learning health systems” in low and middle income countries.

Learning health systems develop in communities that include clinicians, patients, researchers, improvement specialists, information technology specialists, managers, and policy makers and have a governance system that gives a voice to all those in the community. The systems focus on improving outcomes for patients, use a common dataset, and promote quality improvement and pragmatic research. Plans have been developed to create at least two learning systems in Africa.