bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis and Comparison of Full Chip and Half Chip
Rate DC and NC Code Acquisition in MIMO DSCDMA over Uncorrelated
Rayleigh Wireless Channel
Authors: Kumar N. Sathish , Shankar Kumar K. R.
Published: June 2011

This paper presents the performance analysis and comparison of full chip and half chip rate of noncoherent (NC) and differentially coherent (DC) code acquisition scheme in (multiple input-multiple output) MIMO assisted by direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-CDMA) wireless system when communicated over uncorrelated Rayleigh channel. Four schemes are investigated, namely, SISO with full chip rate, SISO with Half chip rate, MIMO with full chip rate, and MIMO with half chip rate by varying the code acquisition technique. The simulation is done in RF signal processing Lab using matlab tool box, and the performance metrics are considered, namely, Bit Error Rate (BER) and mean acquisition time (MAT). The simulation results indicate that DC performance is superior than NC in both full chip and half chip rate and also shown that half chip performance is better than full chip in both DC and NC code acquisition methods.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Disorder in Ba2YTaO6 on the Tetragonal to Cubic Phase Transition.
Authors: Zhou Qingdi , Kennedy Brendan J. , Kimpton Justin A.
Published: June 2011

The crystal structure of the title compound is characterized by synchrotron XRD and Raman spectroscopy at temperatures down to 100 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Superstructure and Magnetic Properties of R15X9C Compounds (R = Rare Earth; X: Si and Ge).
Authors: Wrubl F. , Shah K. V. , Joshi Devang A. , Manfrinetti P. , Pani M. , Ritter C. , Dhar S. K.
Published: June 2011

Ln15Si9C (Ln: Sm.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloride‐Substitution in Sodium Borohydride.
Authors: Olsen Joern Eirik , Soerby Magnus H. , Hauback Bjoern C.
Published: June 2011

Mixtures of NaBH4 and NaCl in different ratios are milled in an Ar atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis and Structural Behavior of Sodium Orthonitrate Na3NO4.
Authors: Cabrera R. Quesada , Sella A. , Bailey E. , Leynaud O. , McMillan P. F.
Published: June 2011

The title compound is synthesized in high yield by high‐pressure reaction of a 3:1 mixture of Na2O and NaNO3 (4 GPa, 500 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Double B Mixed Perovskite Series La0.75K0.25Mn1‐xFexO3 .
Authors: Zhang Ganghua , Fan Min
Published: June 2011

Title compounds with x = 0.2—0.5 are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of La(NO3)3, MnCl2, Fe(NO3)3, and KOH (autoclave, 260 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of Optically Active Alcohols via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones Using Chiral Rh(III)‐Monosulfonamide Ligand Complex in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Cortez Norma A. , Aquirre Gerardo , Parra‐Hake Miguel , Somanathan Ratnasamy , Arita Amy J. , Cooksy Andrew L. , de Parrodi Cecilia Anaya , Huelgas Gabriela
Published: June 2011

Chiral Rh(III) monosulfonamide complexes are found to catalyze asymmetric transfer hydrogenations of prochiral ketones to furnish the corresponding optically active alcohols in good yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: CuO/SiO2: A Simple and Efficient Solid Acid Catalyst for Epoxide Ring Opening.
Authors: Zaccheria Federica , Santoro Federica , Psaro Rinaldo , Ravasio Nicoletta
Published: June 2011

A cheap, non‐toxic, easily prepared supported CuO‐catalyst system for the efficient solvent‐free alcoholysis of epoxides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly Molecular Transformations Catalyzed by a Vitamin B12 Derivative with a Visible‐Light‐Driven System.
Authors: Tahara Keishiro , Hisaeda Yoshio
Published: June 2011

A new bio‐inspired system composed of vitamin B12 derivative (COB) and rose bengal effectively promotes the dehalogenation of various toxic alkyl halides such as DDT (I).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Alkoxymethylation of Heterocyclic Compounds with Diethyl Phosphite via Cleavage of P—O Bond.
Authors: Quan Zheng‐Jun , Ren Rong‐Guo , Jia Xiao‐Dong , Da Yu‐Xia , Zhang Zhang , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: June 2011

A new type of three‐component reaction to achieve the synthesis of a series of N‐ethoxymethylated heterocyclic compounds in high regioselectivity is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Metathesis of Allyl Halides with Olefins Bearing an α‐Alkoxy Amide Group.
Authors: Yun Jeong In , Kim Deukjoon , Lee Jongkook
Published: June 2011

The process is most efficient with amide substrates bearing a Weinreb segment and Hoveyda—Grubbs catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Introducing a Podand Motif to Alkyne Metathesis Catalyst Design: A Highly Active Multidentate Molybdenum(VI) Catalyst that Resists Alkyne Polymerization.
Authors: Jyothish Kuthanapillil , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2011

The catalyst prepared in situ from the Mo(VI) propylidyne complex MOL and podand amine AMI exhibits high activity in the metathesis reaction of a variety of alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrolysis of N,N‐Dialkylcarboxamides in Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kuchurov I. V. , Fomenkov I. V. , Zlotin S. G.
Published: June 2011

as a promising approach for the synthesis of N‐nitramines
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Vinylogous Reformatsky‐Aldol Reaction from the Alcohol Oxidation Level: Linear Regioselectivity by Way of Carbon‐Bound Enolates.
Authors: Hassan Abbas , Zbieg Jason R. , Krische Michael J.
Published: June 2011

Good to excellent levels of regioselectivity and uniformly high levels of enantioselectivity are achieved for the hydroxycarboxylic esters obtained by the reaction of a range of alcohols or aldehydes with crotonate (I) in the presence of iridium complex IRI.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Innate Immunosuppressive Effect of 1,2‐Cyclopentanediol Derivatives.
Authors: Kikuchi Haruhisa , Okazaki Kaori , Sekiya Mizuki , Uryu Yasuyuki , Ueda Kazunori , Katou Yasuhiro , Kurata Shoichiro , Oshima Yoshiteru
Published: June 2011

1,2‐Cyclopentanediol derivative (VIII) and a series of structurally related compounds, e.g. (IX), are synthesized and evaluated for their immunosuppressive activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of the Racemic 1‐(Aryloxyzol‐2‐yl)carbinols with Achiral Carboxylic Acids by Asymmetric Esterification: A New Method for the Preparation of Chiral 1,2‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Nakata Kenya , Ono Keisuke , Shiina Isamu
Published: June 2011

The kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols (I) with phenylpropanoic acid (II) is examined and the optimized structure of the oxazole part in substrates (I) is determined.
ChemInform Abstract: SN2′ Addition/1,2‐Elimination of Dimethylsulfonium Methylide with Epoxy Vinyl Sulfones: Synthesis of Exocyclic Cross‐Conjugated Dienyl Sulfones.
Authors: Sikervar Vikas , Fuchs Philip L.
Published: June 2011

The title reaction affords enantiopure six and seven membered cross‐conjugated hydroxy vinyl sulfones (III), (V), and (VII) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Asymmetric Vinylogous Mannich Reaction Induced by O‐Pivaloylated D‐Galactosylamine as the Chiral Auxiliary.
Authors: Yu Jipan , Miao Zhiwei , Chen Ruyu
Published: June 2011

A new and efficient asymmetric access to a number of γ‐butenolide derivatives is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of N‐Unprotected 2‐Oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene Derivatives and Azomethine Ylides for the Construction of Spirooxindole‐Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Liu Tang‐Lin , Xue Zhi‐Yong , Tao Hai‐Yan , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: June 2011

A simple, efficient, and stereoselective method to prepare biologically important spirooxindole‐pyrrolidines like (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: General Synthesis of Mono‐, Di‐, and Triacetylated Indoles from Indolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Jha Mukund , Chou Ting‐Yi , Blunt Brian
Published: June 2011

The combination of a DMAP‐catalyzed acetylation of indolinones of type (I) with an enzyme‐assisted deacetylation reaction results in the chemoselective formation of 1,3‐diacetyl‐2‐hydroxyindoles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II) Acetate‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis, SAR and anti‐HIV Activity of Novel Oxindoles Bearing Cyclopropane Ring.
Authors: Kumari Garima , Nutan Nutan , Modi Manoj , Gupta Satish K. , Singh Ramendra K.
Published: June 2011

Stereoselective cyclopropanation of diazolactams (I) leads to novel oxindoles whose structure is based upon docking studies.
ChemInform Abstract: 12‐Tungstosilicic Acid Supported on Different Carriers: Pronounced Catalytic Activity in the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Rafiee Ezzat , Zolfagharifar Zohre , Joshaghani Mohammad , Eavani Sara
Published: June 2011

12‐Tungstosilicic acid supported on different carriers are used as catalysts for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes from indole and carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: (E)‐9‐(2‐Iodovinyl)‐9H‐carbazole: A New Coupling Reagent for the Synthesis of π‐Conjugated Carbazoles.
Authors: Pawluc Piotr , Franczyk Adrian , Walkowiak Jedrzej , Hreczycho Grzegorz , Kubicki Maciej , Marciniec Bogdan
Published: June 2011

Stereoselective silylative coupling of N‐vinylcarbazole (I) followed by iododesilylation allows an easy access to the desired versatile building block (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Syntheses of Isoxazoline‐N‐oxides under Phase‐Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Kano Taichi , Yamamoto Akihiro , Song Sunhwa , Maruoka Keiji
Published: June 2011

The conjugate addition/ O‐alkylation sequence under application of a chiral phase transfer catalyst proceeds with moderate to good enantioinduction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Diarylthiazoles and Diarylimidazoles in Water.
Authors: Kumar Dalip , Kumar N. Maruthi , Patel Gautam , Gupta Sudeep , Varma Rajender S.
Published: June 2011

A simple procedure is presented for the reaction of α‐tosyloxy ketones with thioamides or amidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel, Mild, and Highly Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles by the Oxidation of 2‐Arylbenzothiazolines with Silicon Lewis Acids.
Authors: Sonika Sonika , Meenakshi Meenakshi , Malhotra Rajesh
Published: June 2011

Benzothiazoles (II) and (IV) are synthesized by oxidation of corresponding benzothiazolines using TmsCl or dimethyldichlorosilane.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fully Automated, Multistep Flow Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐4‐cyano‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Smith Catherine J. , Nikbin Nikzad , Ley Steven V. , Lange Heiko , Baxendale Ian R.
Published: June 2011

It allows an efficient, safe, and clean access to a number of biologically interesting title triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine‐Catalyzed, One‐Pot, Diastereoselective Synthesis of 4‐Amido Tetrahydropyrans.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Bhikshapathi M. , Nayak Sambit , Yadav J. S.
Published: June 2011

Title compounds (IV) and (VI) are synthesized via a Sakurai—Prins—Ritter reaction sequence with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Human Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of 3‐Heteroarylcoumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Delogu Giovanna , Picciau Carmen , Ferino Giulio , Quezada Elias , Podda Gianni , Uriarte Eugenio , Vina Dolores
Published: June 2011

Novel 3‐heteroarylcoumarin derivatives (III) are synthesized via classical Perkin reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium [2′‐[(Cyclopropanecarbonyl‐ethyl‐amino)‐methyl] ‐4′‐(6‐ethoxy‐pyridin‐3‐yl)‐6‐methoxy‐biphenyl‐3‐yl]‐acetate (AM432): A Potent, Selective Prostaglandin D2 Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Stock Nicholas , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

Structure—activity‐relationship studies of recently discovered biphenyl acetic acid based DP2 antagonists culminate in the identification of the title compound (I) as a potential candidate for clinical development.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐5‐azaindoles and 5‐Azaindoles Using Pictet—Spengler Reaction — Appreciable Difference in Products Using Different Acid Catalysts.
Authors: Shumaila Abdullah M. A. , Puranik Vedavati G. , Kusurkar Radhika S.
Published: June 2011

Disubstituted tetrahydroazaindoles (III) are obtained as trans‐isomers using glacial acetic acid during the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Some Novel 2‐(Benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐8‐substituted‐2H‐pyrazolo [4,3‐c]quinolin‐3(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Vasconcelos Thatyana R. A. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

Title compounds (III) are evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐435, HL‐60, HCT‐8, and SF‐295) using doxorubicin as positive control.
ChemInform Abstract: The Optimized Microwave‐Assisted Decomposition of Formamides and Its Synthetic Utility in the Amination Reactions of Purines.
Authors: Cechova Lucie , Jansa Petr , Sala Michal , Dracinsky Martin , Holy Antonin , Janeba Zlatko
Published: June 2011

The main advantages of the present method as compared to the reactions using conventional heating are short reaction times, high yields, simple work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Potential 6 Hz Psychomotor Seizure Test Activity of Some Novel 2‐(Substituted)‐3‐{[substituted]amino}quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one.
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Shrivastava Birendra , Pandeya Surendra N. , Stables James P.
Published: June 2011

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of title compounds (III) and (V) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Effects of Some Novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives by Generating Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells.
Authors: Rashad Aymn E. , Mahmoud Abeer E. , Ali Mamdouh M.
Published: June 2011

Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity tests against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Oxazino[4,3‐a]indoles Employing the Oxa‐Pictet—Spengler Reaction of Indoles Bearing N‐Tethered Vinylogous Carbonate.
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Sathiyanarayanan A. M.
Published: June 2011

A novel strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of N‐fused oxazinoindoles (II) and (IV) employing a TmsOTf mediated oxa‐Pictet—Spengler reaction of vinylogous carbonates (I) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrosilylation of Epoxides Catalyzed by a Cationic η1‐Silane Iridium(III) Complex.
Authors: Park Sehoon , Brookhart Maurice
Published: June 2011

A cationic silane complex, generated in situ from the depicted Ir‐acetone complex, catalyzes the hydrosilylation of epoxides (I), (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (X) as well as cyclic ethers, such as (XIII), to afford the silyl‐protected alcohols, regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Asymmetric Synthesis of the Pentacyclic Core of the Cortistatins by an Intramolecular [4 + 3] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Liu Lok Lok , Chiu Pauline
Published: June 2011

Key step in the described synthesis of cortistatins, a family of rearranged steroidal alkaloids, is the highly diastereoselective intramolecular [4 + 3] cycloaddition of epoxy enolsilane (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Acetyl‐5‐(1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexahydroxyhexyl)thiazoles.
Authors: Ung Alison T. , Pyne Stephen G. , Jeoffreys George R. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H.
Published: June 2011

The synthesis of two diastereomers of the title compound involves the coupling of 5‐lithiated 2‐(1,1‐dimethoxyethyl)thiazole (VI) with a Weinreb amide (V) derived from gluconolacetone, followed by asymmetric reduction of the ketone functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne‐Mediated Domino Hydroformylation/Double Cyclization: Mechanistic Insight and Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Tashiromine.
Authors: Chiou Wen‐Hua , Lin Yi‐Huei , Chen Guei‐Tang , Gao Yu‐Kai , Tseng Yu‐Che , Kao Chien‐Lun , Tsai Jui‐Chi
Published: June 2011

The title reaction allows the rapid preparation of indolizidine type alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective First Total Synthesis, Confirmation of the Absolute Configuration and Bioevaluation of Botryolide‐E.
Authors: Reddy D. Kumar , Shekhar V. , Prabhakar P. , Babu D. Chanti , Ramesh D. , Siddhardha B. , Murthy U. S. N. , Venkateswarlu Y.
Published: June 2011

Botryolide‐E (I) shows potent activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Materials with Double‐Helix Structures
Authors: Su Dang Sheng
Published: June 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(2,4,6‐Trialkylphenyl)‐1H‐phospholes with a Flattened P‐Pyramid: Synthesis and Reactivity
Authors: Keglevich Gyorgy
Published: June 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2,5‐Dihydro‐1,2‐oxaphosphole‐2‐oxide Derivatives
Authors: Enchev Dobromir D.
Published: June 2011

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Selective, and Recyclable Palladium Catalysts in Carbon—Carbon Coupling Reactions
Authors: Molnar Arpad
Published: June 2011

Review: 427 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments to Encourage the Synthesis of Complex Peptides
Authors: Vorherr Thomas
Published: June 2011

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Phase‐Transfer Catalysis for the Production of Non‐Proteinogenic α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Ikunaka Masaya , Maruoka Keiji
Published: June 2011

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches Towards the Synthesis of 5‐Aminopyrazoles
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Rajiv , Singh Shiv P.
Published: June 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐Membered Ring Systems: Pyridines and Benzo Derivatives
Authors: Alford Philip E.
Published: June 2011

Review: 275 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Furans and Benzofurans
Authors: Yeung Kap‐Sun , Yang Zhen , Peng Xiao‐Shui , Hou Xue‐Long
Published: June 2011

Review: 295 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Pyrroles and Benzo Analogues
Authors: Russel Jonathon S. , Pelkey Erin T. , Yoon‐Miller Sarah J. P.
Published: June 2011

Review: 284 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Zinc Transporter in Allergic Reaction
Authors: Nishida Keigo
Published: June 2011

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Oligostilbenoids in Dipterocarpaceaeous Plants and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Ito Tetsuro
Published: June 2011

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Syntheses and Properties of Nucleic Acid Switch in Response to External Stimuli
Authors: Kodama Tetsuya
Published: June 2011

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Materials Based on Pd Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanostructures for Environmentally Benign C—C Coupling Chemistry
Authors: Guerra Javier , Herrero Maria Antonia
Published: June 2011

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High Speed Screening Technologies in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zheng Zhuo Qun , Zhou Xiao Ping
Published: June 2011

Review: 44 refs.
Prüfung der Druckfestigkeit von Außenputz auf Mauerwerk
Authors: Schubert Peter
Published: June 2011

Außenputz muss in wichtigen Eigenschaften auf den Putzgrund, vor allem bei wärmedämmendem Leichtziegel‐Mauerwerk, angepasst sein, damit schädliche Putzrisse bis in den Putzgrund vermieden werden. Der Nachweis ausreichender Eigenschaftsanpassung kann mit Hilfe der Druckfestigkeit des Putzes auf dem Putzgrund erfolgen. Diese soll etwa 5 N/mm2 nicht überschreiten. Die Druckfestigkeit wird mit den Verfahren II oder III nach DIN 18555‐9, vorzugsweise mit dem Verfahren III an Putzscheiben von am Bauwerk entnommenen Bohrkernen ermittelt. Ein Bezug dieser Druckfestigkeitswerte zu denen an Prismen nach DIN EN 1015‐11 (“Standard”‐Normprüfung, Normdruckfestigkeit) ist möglich. Dadurch lässt sich auch näherungsweise der (obere) Grenzwert der Normdruckfestigkeit bestimmen, bei dem davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass die Putzdruckfestigkeit am Bauwerk den empfohlenen Wert von etwa 5 N/mm2 einhält.

Testing the compressive strength of external rendering on masonry. The important properties of external renderings have to be adapted to the respective rendering base, especially in case of masonry made of high thermal insolating light clay units, to avoid unintentional crack formation in the rendering extending into the rendering base. A criterion for the adaptation between rendering and base is the compressive strength of the rendering, which should not exceed 5 N/mm2. The compressive strength of the rendering can be tested according to DIN 18555‐9, test method II or III. Preferably, it should be determined with test method III by use of small plates of the rendering taken from drilled masonry samples. A relation of these compressive strength values to values tested on prisms (standard test method according to DIN EN 1015‐11) does exist. Thus, the upper limit value of the compressive strength tested on prisms can approximately be determined, with which it can be assumed that the compressive strength of the rendering on the masonry wall does not exceed the recommended value of 5 N/mm2.
Komfort und Luftqualität im Niedrigenergie‐Ziegelgebäude
Authors: Keul Alexander , Salzmann Roland , Lehmden Alexander
Published: June 2011

Für Ziegel als Baustoff wird mit Wohlbefinden, Komfortklima und Nachhaltigkeit geworben. Beim derzeitigen Aufschwung von Niedrigenergie‐ und Passivhausprojekten macht es Sinn, subjektiv wahrnehmbare Wohneigenschaften mittels Evaluation zu testen. Bisherige Ergebnisse aus Österreich zeigen, dass Wohnentscheidungen für großvolumige Niedrigenergie‐Wohnformen von Lage und Objekteigenschaften, aber kaum von der Energieeinsparung abhängen. Im Folgenden wird über eine Salzburger Wohnhausanlage in Ziegelbauweise nach Niedrigenergie‐Standard berichtet, die mit Tagebüchern, Datenloggern und CO2‐Messgerät evaluiert wurde. Der thermisch‐hygrische Komfort der Ziegelhauswohnungen erschien dabei objektiv wie subjektiv sehr gut; die Luftqualität variierte je nach Familiengröße und Lebensstil.

Comfort and air quality in low energy brick buildings. Brick is advertised as a building material for well‐being, indoor climate comfort and sustainability. In the present boom of low‐energy and passive housing projects it makes sense to test subjective, perceptible housing attributes via evaluation. Results from Austria show that housing decisions for large‐volume low energy housing forms focus on site and object qualities, not on energy saving. The following report is on a Salzburg City (Austria) clay brick housing estate with low‐energy standard which was evaluated via user diaries, data logger and with a carbon dioxide measuring instrument. The thermal and hygrometric comfort of the brick apartments was very good according to measurements and diaries; the air quality varied due to family size and life‐style.
DIN 4102‐4 — Eurocodes: Die Zukunft des Brandschutzes
Authors: Hahn Christiane
Published: June 2011

Bisher war DIN 4102‐4 in Deutschland das Praxis‐Handbuch im Brandschutz zum Nachweis von Baustoffen und Bauprodukten. Aufgrund der Eurocodes für tragende Bauteile, bei denen jeweils im Teil ‐1‐2 die Bemessung im Brandfall erfolgt, gibt es teilweise parallele Regelungen als auch neue Bemessungsverfahren. DIN 4102‐4 musste daher überarbeitet werden. Da die abschließende Gemeinschaftsitzung — DIN 4102‐4 und konstruktiver baulicher Brandschutz — erst nach Redaktionsschluss für dieses Heft stattfindet, kann an dieser Stelle vorab nur kurz über die Planungen berichtet werden.

DIN 4102‐4 — Eurocodes: The future of fire protection. So far, DIN 4102‐4 was the practice manual for fire protection for the assessment of building materials and products in Germany. Because of the Eurocodes for structural components, the policy is that in each Part ‐1‐2 the design in case of fire will be done, there is some parallel schemes and new design procedures. DIN 4102‐4 had to be revised. As the final meeting between DIN 4102‐4 and constructive structural fire protection is after the deadline for this issue, at this point can be pre‐reported briefly on the plans.
Zweischalige Außenwände aus Mauerwerk — Auswirkungen des Wärmeschutzes auf den Brandschutz
Authors: Hahn Christiane
Published: June 2011

DIN 4102‐4 wird um Brandschutzregeln zu zweischaligem Mauerwerk mit oder ohne Dämmschicht ergänzt. Aufgrund der heute geltenden Vorschriften zum Wärmeschutz werden die Dämmschichten zwischen den zwei Schalen von Außenwänden aus Mauerwerk immer dicker. Aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit werden häufig brennbare Dämmungen gewählt.

In allen Landesbauordnungen werden schon immer brandschutztechnische Anforderungen an Außenwände gestellt. Brandschutznachweise dazu waren aber nicht geregelt. Es wurde daher eine Brandprüfung in der MFPA Leipzig (Gesellschaft für Materialforschung und Prüfungsanstalt für das Bauwesen Leipzig mbH) an einer realen Fassade durchgeführt, um auch Regeln für zweischalige Außenwände mit brennbarer Dämmung aufnehmen zu können.

Im Beitrag wird über die Brandprüfung berichtet, und es werden die Diskussionen zu dem Ergebnis sowie die Festlegungen und Randbedingungen zur Ausführung vorgestellt.

External doubleleaf masonry walls — Effects of the thermal insulation on fire protection. The thickness of the insulation in cavities increases due to thermal requirements. Combustible insulation materials are widely used. Information about the fire behavior of that type of construction (especially flame transfer through the cavity) was not available. A fire test on a typical cavity‐wall structure was carried out at MFPA Leipzig. Test results are presented and conclusions are given. Additional rules for the evaluation of cavity walls in DIN 4102‐4 are presented.
Moving sound source localization based on sequential subspace estimation in actual room environments
Authors: Tsuji Daisuke , Suyama Kenji
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a novel method for moving sound source localization and describes its performance evaluation in actual room environments. The method is based on MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) which is one of the highest‐resolution localization methods. When using MUSIC, computation of eigenvectors of correlation matrix is required for estimation, which often results in a high computational cost. In particular, in the case of a moving source, this is a crucial drawback, because estimation must be performed at every observation time. Furthermore, since the correlation matrix varies its characteristics due to spatial‐temporal nonstationarity, the matrix must be estimated using only a few observed samples, which degrades the estimation accuracy. In this paper, PAST (Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking) is applied for sequential estimation of the eigenvectors spanning the subspace. In PAST, eigen‐decomposition is not required, and therefore it is possible to reduce the computational costs. Several experimental results in actual room environments are presented in order to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(7): 17–26, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10333
Pyrrolopyrrole Cyanines: Effect of Substituents on Optical Properties (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 19/2011)
Authors: Fischer Georg M. , Klein Matthias K. , Daltrozzo Ewald , Zumbusch Andreas
Published: June 2011

The cover picture shows a series of selected absorption spectra (solid lines) from different substituted pyrrolopyrrole cyanine (PPCy) dyes. This is a new class of chromophores recently developed at the University of Konstanz, located at Lake Constance (upper left). PPCys feature preciously unattainable high fluorescence quantum yields in the near infrared region, which besides other applications makes them attractive as fluorescence labels. One emission spectrum is shown as a dotted line. The core structure of the PPCys is depicted in the upper right corner. Proper substitutions of the core structure allow the generation of dyes absorbing over a broad wavelength range. Details are discussed in the article by A. Zumbusch et al. on p. 3421 ff.
Electrospray ionization ion‐trap multiple‐stage mass spectrometry of Quillaja saponins
Authors: Bankefors Johan , Broberg Susanna , Nord Lars I. , Kenne Lennart
Published: June 2011

Fifteen identified C‐18 fatty acyl‐containing saponin structures from Quillaja saponaria Molina have been investigated by electrospray ionization ion‐trap multiple‐stage mass spectrometry (ESI‐IT‐MSn) in positive ion mode. Their MS1–MS3 spectra were analyzed and ions corresponding to useful fragments, important for the structural identification of Quillaja saponins, were recognized. A few key fragments could describe the structural variations in the C‐3 and the C‐28 oligosaccharides of the Quillaja saponins. A flowchart involving a stepwise procedure based on key fragments from the MS1–MS3 spectra of these saponins, together with key fragments from these saponins and 13 previously investigated saponins, was constructed for the identification of structural elements in Quillaja saponins. Peak intensity ratios in MS3 spectra were found to be correlated to structural features of the investigated saponins and is therefore of value for the identification of regioisomers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A well‐established Early–Middle Pleistocene marine sequence on south‐east Zakynthos island, western Greece: Magneto‐biostratigraphic constraints and palaeoclimatic implications
Authors: Papanikolaou Maria D. , Triantaphyllou Maria V. , Platzman Ellen S. , Gibbard Philip L. , Niocaill Conall Mac , Head Martin J.
Published: June 2011

The chronostratigraphy of a long, onshore Early–Middle Pleistocene marine sedimentary sequence on the south‐east part of Zakynthos island, Greece, is presented. Correlation of the succession with the isotope record of Ocean Drilling Program Site 963 reveals the combined influence of tectonics and eustacy in this area. The sequence is divided into three formations by two main unconformities that apparently relate to sea‐level lowstands associated with two major northern hemisphere glaciations, those of marine isotope stages (MIS) 22 and 12. The Zakynthos sequence in many ways is comparable with the Italian Valle di Manche section. Magnetostratigraphic and rock magnetic analyses, supported by biostratigraphy, document the position of the Matuyama/Brunhes Chron boundary (0.77 Ma), the top and base of the Jaramillo Subchron (0.99–1.07 Ma), the Cobb Mountain Subchron (1.173–1.185 Ma) and the top of the Olduvai Subchron (1.78 Ma). The underlying strata are constrained exclusively by detailed nannofossil biostratigraphy extending at least to the lowermost Pleistocene at around 2.54 Ma and therefore certainly incorporating the base of the Olduvai Subchron (1.95 Ma) and possibly the Gauss/Matuyama Chron boundary (2.58 Ma). In addition, a remarkable increase in sedimentation rate (from 3.2 and 28 cm ka−1 to 167 cm ka−1) and hence resolution above the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary (Middle Pleistocene) reveals one short‐lived magnetic excursion, possibly 17a (0.66 Ma), within the normal polarity Brunhes Chron. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of magnetic field on the corrosion of iron and St20 steel as studied by positron annihilation [Phys. Status Solidi B 247(7), 1822–1828 (2010)]
Authors: Pietrzak Ryszard , Szatanik Roman
Published: June 2011

We alert our readers that part of the contents of the article by R. Pietrzak and R. Szatanik, Phys. Status Solidi B 247, 1822 (2010) [DOI 10.1002/pssb.200945124] was already published in an earlier conference proceedings paper by the same authors which appeared in Nukleonika 55, 31 (2010).
The Impact of Australia's New Graphic Cigarette Packet Warnings on Smokers’ Beliefs and Attitudes
Authors: Miller Caroline L. , Hill David J. , Quester Pascale G. , Hiller Janet E.
Published: June 2011

In 2006 Australia introduced graphic health warnings (GHW) on cigarette packets, depicting a range of tobacco-related pathology. This intervention, controlling the appearance of a consumer product, was designed to raise consumers’ awareness of the harms of tobacco use, motivate quitting, and discourage uptake of smoking.

This study applies the reasoned action approach to assess the relevance of GHW-related beliefs and attitudes to smokers’ behavioural intentions and smoking behaviour.

A sample of 587 smokers was recruited through a random representative population survey in 2005, prior to the introduction of new warnings. A subset of 158 was followed up a year later.

The results show that GHW-related beliefs and attitudes were predictive of intention to quit smoking. Intentions to quit were, in turn, predictive of quitting behaviour as measured in the follow up stage. New GHW warnings, smokers are presumed to have been exposed to, were also associated with changes in beliefs over time.
Cabazitaxel Side Effects: Prevention and Management
Authors: Lydon Anna
Published: June 2011

The publication of phase III data on cabazitaxel in the management of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer in men previously treated with docetaxel demonstrated, for the first time, that a survival benefit can be achieved in this patient group. Optimal use of cabazitaxel will depend on appropriate patient selection and on effective management of the side effects, which have been shown to be predictable and preventable/treatable using interventions that are already familiar to chemotherapy clinics.
Personality traits in attempted and completed suicide
Authors: Hirvikoski T. , Jokinen J.
Published: June 2011

Objective

Though widely used in clinical and biological studies, no investigation of the factor structure of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) has been performed in suicide attempters. There are very few studies of personality traits in suicide completers. The aim of the present study was to assess the factor structure of KSP in suicide attempters. A secondary aim was to examine whether the factor structure of the KSP was related to gender and/or to violent method of the suicide attempt or to suicide completion.

Method

The factor structure of the KSP was analysed in data from 165 suicide attempters from the Suicide Prevention Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital using principal component analysis and orthogonal varimax rotation for the factor extraction. The effect of gender and (1) used method in the suicide attempt (violent versus nonviolent), and (2) later completed suicide on the factors was assessed in two separate series of the two-way ANOVAs.

Result

A four-factor solution appeared: (1) Neuroticism, (2) Nonconformity, (3) Psychoticism and (4) Extraversion. Men who later completed suicide reported more Extroversion than male survivors.

Conclusion

The obtained factor structure is comparable to a previous factor structure in a group of twins from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry indicating that no specific personality structure characterized the current sample. Differences in personality traits between suicide completers and survivors indicate that these groups may have some distinct characteristics.
Dietary phytochemicals induce p53‐ and caspase‐independent cell death in human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Sukumari‐Ramesh Sangeetha , Bentley J. Nicole , Laird Melissa D. , Singh Nagendra , Vender John R. , Dhandapani Krishnan M.
Published: June 2011

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most prevalent pediatric solid tumor and a leading cause of cancer‐related death in children. In the present study, a novel cytotoxic role for the dietary compounds, curcumin, andrographolide, wedelolactone, dibenzoylmethane, and tanshinone IIA was identified in human S‐type NB cells, SK‐N‐AS and SK‐N‐BE(2). Mechanistically, cell death appeared apoptotic by flow cytometry; however, these effects proceeded independently from both caspase‐3 and p53 activation, as assessed by both genetic (shRNA) and pharmacological approaches. Notably, cell death induced by both curcumin and andrographolide was associated with decreased NFκB activity and a reduction in Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL expression. Finally, curcumin and andrographolide increased cytotoxicity following co‐treatment with either cisplatin or doxorubicin, two chemotherapeutic agents widely used in the clinical management of NB. Coupled with the documented safety in humans, dietary compounds may represent a potential adjunct therapy for NB.
Determinants of patient satisfaction after cesarean delivery at a university teaching hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Enabudoso Ehigha , Isara Alphonsus R.
Published: June 2011

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of satisfaction, and associated factors, among parturients who had recently delivered by cesarean.

Methods

In a descriptive cross‐sectional study, women who delivered by cesarean at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, were enrolled between April and July 2010. A simple, qualitative, semi‐structured researcher‐administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was done via SPSS version 16.

Results

Among 220 women who delivered by cesarean, 211 women were enrolled in the study and were interviewed 2–5 days after delivery. The mean age was 30.8 ± 5.1 years, and the median parity was 1. An initial negative reaction to the decision for cesarean delivery was reported by 76% of respondents, 19% were indifferent, and 5% reported an initial positive reaction. Satisfaction with delivery by cesarean was reported by 80% of the respondents. Satisfaction with cesarean delivery was significantly associated with age, level of education, initial reaction to the decision for cesarean delivery, and elective cesarean.

Conclusion

Most parturients expressed overall satisfaction after delivery by cesarean. There is a need for in‐depth studies in low‐income countries to further evaluate satisfaction with regard to various aspects of the cesarean delivery experience.
Comparison of single‐dose and multiple‐dose antibiotics for lower urinary tract infection in pregnancy
Authors: Usta Taner A. , Dogan Ozgur , Ates Ugur , Yucel Burak , Onar Zehra , Kaya Erdal
Published: June 2011

Objective

To compare the efficacy of fosfomycin trometamol, cefuroxime axetil, and amoxicillin clavulanate antibiotics, and to assess the difference in patient compliance, in the treatment of urinary tract infections during pregnancy.

Methods

Between September 2007 and May 2008, 90 out of 324 pregnant women with complaints of lower urinary tract infection, who were followed at the outpatient clinic or referred to the emergency department of Vakif Gureba Education and Research Hospital, were enrolled in a prospective study. Patients were randomized into 3 equal groups for treatment with single‐dose fosfomycin trometamol, or 5‐day courses of amoxicillin clavulanate or cefuroxime axetil. After follow‐up, study data were obtained for 28, 27, and 29 patients, respectively.

Results

The treatment groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographics, clinical success rate, microbiological cure rate, or adverse effects. Significantly higher drug compliance was observed in the fosfomycin trometamol group than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Treatment with a single dose of fosfomycin trometamol was as effective for UTI as the standard course of treatment with amoxicillin clavulanate or cefuroxime axetil. Fosfomycin trometamol may be a preferable treatment for UTI because of its simpler use and better rates of compliance.
Impact of pH on the antifungal susceptibility of vaginal Candida albicans
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Xu , Liu Zhaohui , Luo Xin
Published: June 2011

Objective

To investigate the antifungal susceptibility at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 of 5 antifungal agents against Candida albicans isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Methods

Antifungal susceptibility testing at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 was performed using the broth microdilution method (CLSI, document M27‐A2).

Results

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of miconazole, clotrimazole, fluconazole, and nystatin against C. albicans at pH 4.0 were significantly higher than those at pH 7.0 (0.25 vs 0.03 μg/mL, 0.50 vs 0.03 μg/mL, 0.50 vs 0.25 μg/mL, and 32 vs 2 μg/mL, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas the MIC of itraconazole at pH 4.0 was lower than that at pH 7.0 (0.030 vs 0.125 μg/mL; P < 0.001). The susceptibility rate of C. albicans to itraconazole at pH 4.0 was significantly higher than at pH 7.0 (95.0% vs 51.7%; P < 0.001). The susceptibility rate to itraconazole at pH 7.0 was significantly lower than the susceptibility rate to fluconazole (51.7% vs 100.0%; P < 0.001), whereas the susceptibility rates to the 2 drugs were similar at pH 4.0 (95.0% and 96.7%, respectively).

Conclusion

Media at different pH values should be used for sensitivity tests according to the environment of C. albicans.
A study of maternal mortality in 8 principal hospitals in Pakistan in 2009
Authors: Bano Naheed , Chaudhri Rizwana , Yasmeen Lubna , Shafi Faiza , Ejaz Lubna
Published: June 2011

Objectives

To determine maternal mortality to assess the achievement of Millennium Development Goal 5 in Pakistan and suggest remedial measures.

Methods

Throughout 2009, maternal deaths occurring in obstetrics and gynecology departments in 8 hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, were recorded. A data form was filled in by the duty registrar at the time of death. Data were analyzed via SPSS.

Results

During the study period, there were 47 209 live births and 108 maternal deaths (age 17–45 years). Among those who died, 30% were primigravidas, 50% had a parity of 1–4, and 20% had a parity of 5 or more; 20.4% had not delivered, 40.7% had vaginal delivery, and 36.1% had cesarean delivery; 67.6% were unbooked and 32.4% were booked (14 under care of a consultant and 21 under care of a medical officer); 73%, 22%, and 5% died in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively; 17.5% died prenatally, 4.6% during labor, and 78% postpartum; 73% were in a critical condition and 8% were dead on arrival. Eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and sepsis caused 23, 13, and 13 deaths, respectively.

Conclusion

Maternal death can be effectively managed by skilled care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period.
Emergency obstetric surgery by non‐physician clinicians in Tanzania
Authors: Pereira Caetano , Mbaruku Godfrey , Nzabuhakwa Calist , Bergström Staffan , McCord Colin
Published: June 2011

Objective

To calculate the met need for comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) in 2 Tanzanian regions (Mwanza and Kigoma) and to document the contribution of non‐physician clinicians (assistant medical officers [AMOs]) and medical officers (MOs) with regard to meeting the need for CEmOC.

Methods

All hospitals in the 2 regions were visited to determine the proportion of major obstetric interventions performed by AMOs and MOs. All deliveries (n = 38 758) in these hospitals in 2003 were reviewed. The estimated met need for emergency obstetric care (EmOC) was calculated using UN process indicators, as was the contribution to that attainment by AMOs. Hospital case fatality rates were also determined.

Results

Estimated met need was 35% in Mwanza and 23% in Kigoma. AMOs operating independently performed most major obstetric surgery. Outside of the single university hospital, AMOs performed 85% of cesareans and high proportions of other obstetric surgeries. The case fatality rate was 2.0% in Mwanza and 1.2% in Kigoma.

Conclusion

AMOs carried most of the burden of life‐saving EmOC—particularly cesarean deliveries—in the regions investigated. Case fatality was close to the 1% target set by the UN process indicators, but met need was far below the goal of 100%.
Young, Male Neutered, Obese, Lame?
Authors: Lafuente Pilar
Published: June 2011

Patient group Young, male neutered, obese cats are predisposed to sustaining spontaneous capital physeal fractures, as well as fractures of the femoral neck secondary to metaphyseal osteopathy.

Practical relevance Although femoral head and neck excision generally leads to adequate limb function, and is appropriate for chronic fractures, it is a salvage procedure and irreversible. Ideally, for acute capital physeal fractures an attempt should be made to stabilise the fracture and save the coxofemoral joint. This requires early detection of the femoral fracture.

Clinical challenges Orthopaedic examination in cats can be challenging. Yet thorough assessment is needed to allow localisation of the pathology to the hip joint, and to rule out other orthopaedic conditions such as cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Stabilisation of these types of fracture may also prove challenging.

Audience This review is aimed at general practitioners who have some experience in orthopaedic surgical procedures, as well as those simply wishing to expand their knowledge of feline orthopaedic conditions.
The effects of repeated ingestion of high and low glucose–electrolyte solutions on gastric emptying and blood 2H2O concentration after an overnight fast
Authors: Evans Gethin H. , Shirreffs Susan M. , Maughan Ronald J.
Published: June 2011

The addition of carbohydrate to drinks designed to have a role in rehydrating the body is commonplace. The gastric emptying and fluid uptake characteristics following repeated ingestion of drinks with high and low glucose concentrations were examined in eight subjects (three male and five female). Following a 13 h fluid restriction period, the subjects ingested a volume of test solution amounting to 3 % of the initial body mass over a period of 60 min. Test drinks were 2 and 10 % glucose–electrolyte solutions with osmolalities of 189 (sd 3) and 654 (sd 3) mOsm/kg, respectively. The initial bolus of each test solution contained 10 g of 2H2O. Blood samples were collected throughout drinking and for 60 min afterwards. Gastric volumes were determined via gastric aspiration at 15 min intervals for 120 min. No difference between trials in total stomach volume was observed until 30 min after the ingestion of the first bolus of test drink, but blood 2H concentration was increased during both trials 10 min after ingestion of the first bolus. Blood 2H concentration was greater at this time point during the 2 % glucose trial than during the 10 % glucose trial and remained higher for the duration of the trial with the exception of one time point. Urine volume at the end of the trial was greater in the 2 % glucose trial than in the 10 % glucose trial. It is concluded that the reduced overall rate of fluid uptake following ingestion of the 10 % glucose solution was due largely to a relatively slow rate of gastric emptying.
Acute satiety response of mammalian, avian and fish proteins in dogs
Authors: Vester Boler Brittany M. , Faber Trevor A. , Bauer Laura L. , Swanson Kelly S. , Smiley Scott , Bechtel Peter J. , Fahey George C.
Published: June 2011

Fish proteins have been reported to be more satiating than meat proteins. The objective was to determine the effect of different animal protein pre-meals on satiety. A total of ten intact female hounds were fed pork loin, beef loin, chicken breast, salmon fillet or pollock fillet. Each pre-meal was fed to contain 100 g protein. Blood was collected at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min postprandially and analysed for glucose, insulin, total ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and plasma amino acids (AA). Dogs were fed 2 ×  metabolisable energy, 3 h following the pre-meal, and intake was determined 30, 60, 180 and 1440 min after food presentation. Glucose decreased over time (P < 0·001), but was lowest (P = 0·01) when dogs consumed pollock or chicken. Insulin increased (P < 0·0001) over time, and was greater (P = 0·09) when dogs consumed salmon. GLP-1 increased (P < 0·001) over time, and was greatest (P = 0·04) when dogs consumed beef. Ghrelin decreased (P < 0·0001) over time for all pre-meals. The tryptophan:large neutral AA ratio tended to be greater (P = 0·08) when dogs consumed pork, salmon and pollock. Different protein sources may influence blood markers in dogs, but it does not appear that fish substrates have different satiating abilities than mammalian or avian sources.