bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermittent turbulence in the heliosheath and the magnetosheath plasmas based on Voyager and THEMIS data
Authors: Macek Wiesław M. , Wawrzaszek Anna , Kucharuk Beata
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Turbulence is complex behavior that is ubiquitous in space, including the environments of the heliosphere and the magnetosphere. Our studies on solar wind turbulence including the heliosheath, and even at the heliospheric boundaries, also beyond the ecliptic plane, have shown that turbulence is intermittent in the entire heliosphere. As is known turbulence in space plasmas often exhibits substantial deviations from normal distributions. Therefore, we also analyze the fluctuations of plasma and magnetic field parameters also in the magnetosheath behind the Earth's bow shock. In particular, based on THEMIS observations, we have already suggested that turbulence behind the quasiperpendicular shock is more intermittent with larger kurtosis then that behind the quasi-parallel shocks. Following this study we would like to present detailed analysis of the level of intermittency in the magnetosheath depending on various characteristics of plasma behind the bow shock and now also near the magnetopause. In particular, we have verified that behind the bow shock turbulence is often more intermittent at higher Alfvenic Mach numbers than at the lower numbers. However, the level of intermittency for the outgoing waves seems to be similar as for the incoming waves, which is consistent with equipartition of energy between these oppositely propagating Alfven waves. We hope that the difference in characteristic behavior of these fluctuations in various regions of space plasmas can help to detect some complex structures in space missions in the near future.
Cross Sectional Study of the Trend of Use of Medications and Complementary Therapy by Travelers during Flights
Authors: Alnaim Lamya
Published: September 2017

Long distance travelling is associated with differential negative effects, collectively referred as ‘travel fatigue’, which results from anxiety about the journey. The study has aimed to determine the trends of using prescription drugs rather than over the counter medications and complementary alternative therapy taken by travelers. A quantitative research approach has been used and 629 travelers were recruited from Saudi Arabia. The survey questionnaire was developed by the researchers after a comprehensive literature review, and it has been modified based on a pilot study consisting of 45 people, in addition to the expert review. For a 4-month period, the survey was distributed electronically through social media, also to electronic surveys distributed to travelers at King Khalid International Airport. Travelers used either prescription and over the counter medications or Complementary alternative therapy or Non-pharmacological therapy (NPT). OTC medications such as products containing paracetamol and antihistamines were commonly used medications. About 54.6% of people reported that their choice was based on information gathered from other people’s experiences, such as friends and family, followed by pharmacists. Travelers believed that medications could be used without prescription, which confirmed the extensive need of educational training related to travel and medication use.
Działalność B+R w gospodarce turystycznej na tle uwarunkowań rozwoju odnawialnych źródeł energii
Authors: Bąk-Filipek Ewa , Nawrot Łukasz
Published: September 2017

Cel. Identyfikacja uwarunkowań rozwoju nowych technologii w gospodarce turystycznej w zakresie odnawialnych źródeł energii oraz wskazanie aspektów poznawczych dotyczących prac badawczo-rozwojowych w turystyce i kierunków ich rozwoju.

Metoda. Desk research – studia literatury zagranicznej i polskiej, wywiady niestandaryzowane.

Wyniki badań. Odnawialne źródła energii mają istotną i wciąż rosnącą rolę we współczesnej gospodarce, w tym w gospodarce turystycznej. Najważniejsze uwarunkowania ich rozwoju w turystyce mają charakter egzogeniczny, w tym systemowy i regulacyjny. Bardzo istotnym elementem prorozwojowym w sferze innowacji i inwestycji w turystyce, nie tylko w zakresie OZE, jest działalność badawczo-rozwojowa, która w gospodarce turystycznej często ma charakter zewnętrzny, podobnie jak procesy dyfuzji innowacji, a także charakter wspierający, uzupełniający i wzbogacający obszar innowacji w sferze usługowej.

Ograniczenia badań i wnioskowania. Praca ma charakter teoretyczny i uniwersalny, zawiera jednak elementy badań o charakterze niereprezentatywnym dla wszystkich podmiotów gospodarki turystycznej w Polsce.

Implikacje praktyczne. Artykuł pozwala podmiotom gospodarki turystycznej na reakcję na występujące w gospodarce światowej i polskiej tendencje na rynku OZE oraz dostosowanie działalności innowacyjnej do nowych uwarunkowań regulacyjnych i ekonomicznych. Wskazuje się również na charakterystyczne dla turystyki inteligentne specjalizacje, które będą przedmiotem wsparcia i wyznaczają kierunki rozwoju prac B+R.

Oryginalność. W pracy dokonano zestawienia czynników prorozwojowych odnoszących się do odnawialnych źródeł energii i przeniesiono je na grunt gospodarki turystycznej jako przykład rozwiązań innowacyjnych. Problematykę OZE zestawiono z działalnością B+R w turystyce jako zagadnienia komplementarne.

Rodzaj pracy. Artykuł o charakterze przeglądowym.
The many flavors of “yes”: Libraries, collaboration, and improv
Authors: Dohe Kate , Pappas Erin
Published: September 2017

Develop Strategic Partnerships” may as well be a mandate at most institutions of higher education these days. But while it is something we librarians have always done, it would be disingenuous to claim that it’s ever been easy. Interdisciplinary collaboration means that academic librarians must draw upon the functional and technological expertise of staff who are not always public facing. Some of us know how to teach, others how to code. Failing to account for the interpersonal tools needed to bridge these domains simply creates additional barriers to collaboration.
Hospital Strain During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Outcomes in Older Racial and Ethnic Minority Adults
Authors: Glance Laurent G. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Stone Patricia W. , Furuya E. Yoko , Shang Jingjing , Sorbero Mark J. , Chastain Ashley , Lustik Stewart J. , Dick Andrew W.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Marginalized populations have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Critically ill patients belonging to racial and ethnic minority populations treated in hospitals operating under crisis or near-crisis conditions may have experienced worse outcomes than White individuals.

Objective

To examine whether hospital strain was associated with worse outcomes for older patients hospitalized with sepsis and whether these increases in poor outcomes were greater for members of racial and ethnic minority groups compared with White individuals.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional study, multivariable regression analysis was conducted to assess differential changes in all-cause 30-day mortality and major morbidity among older racial and ethnic minoritized individuals hospitalized with sepsis compared with White individuals and changes in hospital strain using Medicare claims data. Data were obtained on patients hospitalized between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021, and analyzed between December 16, 2023, and July 11, 2024.

Exposure

Time-varying weekly hospital percentage of inpatients with COVID-19.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Composite of all-cause 30-day mortality and major morbidity.

Results

Among the 5 899 869 hospitalizations for sepsis (51.5% women; mean [SD] age, 78.2 [8.8] years), there were 177 864 (3.0%) Asian, 664 648 (11.3%) Black, 522 964 (8.9%) Hispanic, and 4 534 393 (76.9%) White individuals. During weeks when the hospital COVID-19 burden was greater than 40%, the risk of death or major morbidity increased nearly 2-fold (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.80-2.00; P < .001) for White individuals compared with before the pandemic. Asian, Black, and Hispanic individuals experienced 44% (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.28-1.61; P < .001), 21% (AOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11-1.33; P < .001), and 45% (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.32-1.59; P < .001) higher risk of death or morbidity, respectively, compared with White individuals when the hospital weekly COVID-19 burden was greater than 40%.

Conclusion and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, older adults hospitalized with sepsis were more likely to die or experience major morbidity as the hospital COVID-19 burden increased. These increases in adverse outcomes were greater in magnitude among members of minority populations than for White individuals.
Local Administration of Lipid‐Silica Nanohybrid‐Carried Forskolin Modulates Thermogenesis in Human Adipocytes and Impedes Weight Gain in Mice
Authors: Zhang David , Tang Lien , Hipple Tyler , Mowry Curtis D. , Brinker C. Jeffrey , Brey Eric , Noureddine Achraf , Gonzalez Porras Maria A.
Published: October 2024

Despite encouraging outcomes of the eight FDA approved drugs in lessening obesity burden, they have been associated with side effects caused by the lack of direct action on the adipose tissue. Therefore, a nanomedicine is reported that promotes the transformation of local fat‐storage white adipocytes, associated with obesity, into thermogenic adipocytes, indicative of enhanced metabolism, to both human cells and mice. This nanomedicine consisting of a lipid‐silica nanohybrid that allows accommodation of the natural supplement forskolin has resulted in successful browning of mature human adipocytes in vitro through upregulating thermogenesis biomarkers on mature human adipocytes and in vivo in mice tissue (achieving 400‐ and 80‐fold increases in UCP1 and Cox7A1, respectively), while significantly enhancing glucose uptake and lipolysis in an acute fashion and significantly preventing weight gain in high fat diet (60% HFD) mice compared to other treatments including liposomal medicine.
Tunable MXene/WO3 Fabry−Pérot Microcavity Architecture for Bioinspired Soft Electrochromic Actuators with Vivid Colors
Authors: Wang Juan , Guo Xiaodan , Li Chunjing , Zhou Hang , Yan Yin , Zhu Feng , Wang Jinhui , Cai Guofa , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: October 2024

Inspired by stimuli‐responsive creatures in nature, developing devices with synergistic color change and deformation will be of great value for realizing the adaptive variants. Yet, integrating adaptive color variation and deformation into a single device remains elusive. Herein, an intriguing electrochromic actuator based on MXene/WO3 bilayer film is developed with Fabry−Pérot (F–P) microcavity, which successfully integrates both functions of reversible deformation and vivid color variations into the same device. Upon applying a small electric field, the ion intercalation/de‐intercalation can synchronously alter the stress distribution and optical absorption of MXene/WO3, resulting in the dual response of electrochromic phenomenon and ultra‐fast deformation with a maximum angle of 95° within 10 s. Moreover, the F–P microcavity architecture with the physical light interaction additionally endows the bilayer film with a bright color gamut and high color tunability (yellow–green, purple, pink, blue, etc.). Furthermore, an asymmetric soft actuator based on MXene/WO3 bilayer film is assembled, which displays robust grasping ability and excellent cycling stability up to 1000 cycles. These findings may open new opportunities for somatosensory soft robots and next‐generation intelligent robots.
Cuffless Wearable Sphygmomanometers Using Dual Digital Optical Frequency Combs in Chalcogenide Chips
Authors: Zhong Ruifeng , Pan Jingshun , Li Qiang , Li Luya , Xu Yi , Fu Zhihao , Yang Shuixian , Liu Zhengyong , Yu Changyuan , Lu Chao , Zhang Xuming , Li Zhaohui
Published: October 2024

Sphygmomanometers typically use a rubber cuff around the upper arm to measure blood pressure, but this method can be uncomfortable. Thus, cuffless sphygmomanometers for continuous blood pressure monitoring in emergencies and healthcare are desirable. While electrical and optical blood pressure sensors offer high sensitivity, they often face issues like limited pressure range, temperature drift, slow response, and wearability problems. To tackle these limitations, the study designs a unique cuffless wearable blood pressure sensor (12 mm × 2 mm × 0.5 mm) featuring two original components: a GeSbS/AsS chalcogenide dual‐microring chip for high sensitivity, and a dual digital optical frequency comb (DDOFC) system for fast response and cost‐effective detection. The sensor is comparable to reported electrical and optical blood pressure sensors in its detection limit (23 Pa) but has a ten‐times faster response rate (2 kHz), a 1000‐times longer stable operation (>4.3 × 107 cycles), and a well‐compensated temperature drift (<0.012 pm/°C) that eliminates the need for temperature control. This innovation shows promise for wearable electronics and mobile healthcare, enabling the capture of critical cardiovascular details for applications like in‐surgery monitoring, orthostatic hypotension studies, and early detection of myocardial ischemia and strokes.
Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Pure Bromide Perovskites
Authors: Chu Zema , You Jingbi
Published: October 2024

Blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are essential for the creation of full‐color displays and white‐light illumination, and some significant progress is made in recent years. However, most high‐performance blue perovskite LEDs are currently based on mixed‐halide perovskites and suffer from unstable spectra due to inevitable halide phase segregation, which is unfavorable for the application of blue perovskite LEDs. In contrast, blue emissions from pure bromide perovskites generally exhibit stable spectra (consistent emission peak positions and spectral shapes) and are worthy of attention. In this review, the recent advances in blue LEDs based on pure bromide perovskites according to different strategies are classified and summarized. Moreover, the challenges related to poor charge injection, high defect‐state density, lack of high‐performance in the deeper blue region, and inferior operational stability are addressed. Finally, an outlook is provided on feasible future research directions for highly bright, efficient, and stable blue perovskite LEDs.
Fine‐Grain High‐Performance Densified Oxide Fibers Produced by Open Ultrafast High‐Temperature Sintering
Authors: Wang Youmei , Qin Weiwei , Chen Zhao , Deng Zhezhe , Ma Dehua , Wang Yifan , Wang Xiaoqing , Yin Yunguang , Xie Yongshuai , Liu Benxue , Zhu Luyi , Wang Xinqiang , Zhang Guanghui , Xu Dong
Published: October 2024

The considerable grain growth occurring during the long‐term high‐temperature sintering of polycrystalline oxide fibers negatively affects their mechanical properties, which highlights the need for alternative sintering methods. Herein, open ultrafast high‐temperature sintering (OUHS) in air, characterized by rapid heating/cooling (>10000 K min−1) and a short high‐temperature holding time (<10 s), is used to produce 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia continuous fibers with coherent boundaries forming robust connections between fine grains. The tensile strength of these fibers (2.33 GPa on average, sintering temperature = 1673 K) notably exceeds that of their counterparts produced by traditional sintering (1.17 GPa). The effects of pores on fiber mechanical properties are analyzed using experimental and theoretical methods. For a versatility demonstration, OUHS is applied to several types of polycrystalline oxide fibers (HfO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Y2O3, and La2Zr2O7), considerably improving their mechanical properties and enabling crystalline phase control, which demonstrates the suitability of this procedure for the development of high‐performance materials.
Coupled Lattice‐Expanded Ni and MoO2 Array for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Lu , Chen Jianmei , Xiao Zhijian , Zhang Xuyang , Kwak Sang Kyu , Tian Dongliang , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: October 2024

Transition metal oxides have attracted much attention due to their good electrical conductivity, high chemical stability, and easy electronic structure modulation. However, it is still a great challenge to solve the problems of sluggish reaction kinetics and high overpotential in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their poor intrinsic activity. Herein, a lattice‐expanded Ni‐decorated MoO2 array (Ni‐MoO2‐700) catalyst is prepared for the alkaline HER. Unlike most of the reported literature, the decoration of metal heteroatoms may lead to lattice expansion of the carrier catalyst. In contrast, lattice expansion of Ni is also achieved by adjusting the annealing temperature in this work. The Ni‐induced lattice‐expanding effect can not only modulate the electronic structure of the catalyst but also accelerate electron transfer during the reaction, thus increasing its intrinsic activity for the HER. As a result, Ni‐MoO2‐700 exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic activity with an overpotential of 74.9 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH, which is far superior to that of most of the reported advanced Ni‐ and Mo‐based materials. This work provides deep intrinsic insight and a great opportunity to design efficient transition metal oxide catalysts for the alkaline HER.
Optimal attack strategy in system identification with binary‐valued observations: An information entropy‐based approach
Authors: Bai Zhongwei , Jia Ruizhe , Yu Peng , Guo Jin
Published: October 2024

With the advancements in network technology and artificial intelligence, the interaction between network nodes is getting more frequent. The malicious data tampering can be extremely damaging to system stability, therefore the network security is of great importance. In this paper, we address the problem of system identification with binary‐valued observations under data tampering attacks and an information entropy‐based approach to optimal attack strategy from the viewpoint of attacker. Under the constrained attack energy, a method is proposed to obtain the optimal attack strategy using the information entropy as the optimization index. It is interestingly demonstrated that such optimal attack strategy is equivalent to the one by using the estimation error of the identification algorithm as the optimization index. The rationality of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations.
Serum‐free medium for recombinant protein expression in insect cells
Authors: Geng Shao‐Lei , Zou Ying , Bai Zhi‐Yuan , Zhang Min , Wang Chong , Wang Tian‐Yun
Published: October 2024

The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has been widely used to produce recombinant proteins because of several advantages, such as eukaryotic post‐translational modifications similar to those in mammalian cells, high expression levels and safety, and large gene capacity. Usually, insect cell culture requires 5%‒10% fetal bovine serum, which has many adverse effects, including high cost, heterogeneity between batches, complex composition, and pollution risks. Therefore, serum‐free medium (SFM) is indispensable for the production of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture. Here, the most commonly used insect cell lines and three insect cell media, namely basic medium, SFM, and chemically defined medium, are summarized. The basic components of insect cell SFM are similar to those of other cells but contain special components. The components, functions, and issues of different SFM used for insect cell culture are reviewed. In recent years, some special additives have been demonstrated to increase recombinant protein expression yield and quality in BEVS, and the functions and possible mechanisms of small‐molecule additives are reviewed herein. Finally, future perspectives of SFM used in BEVS for recombinant protein production are discussed.
Synergistic Dual Electrolyte System of LATP and In‐ Situ Solod‐State PDOL System and its Improvement on the Performance of NCM811 Batteries
Authors: Cao Jian‐Hua , Zhang Peng , Wang Ya‐kun , Wu Da‐Yong
Published: October 2024

1,3‐Dioxolane (DOL) can undergo in‐situ polymerization in batteries to form solid‐state organic electrolyte PDOL. When applied to NCM811||Li battery system, PDOL electrolyte helps optimize the contact and interface stability between electrolyte and electrodes. This study explores the effects of PDOL with PE separators coated with Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3(LATP) on the performance of NCM811||Li batteries. 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl phosphite (DETFPi), was mixed with DOL at a 1 : 35 mass ratio. Then, LiBF4 was used to initiate in‐situ polymerization and thereby obtained DETFPi‐PDOL electrolyte after 24 h at room temperature. The composite electrolyte exhibits enhanced ion conductivity (1.59×10−4 S cm−1), high lithium ion transference number (0.78), wide electrochemical stability window (4.53 V), and high critical current density (2.2 mA cm−2). Li||PDOL@LATP||Li battery shows extremely low overpotential (35 mV) after a constant current stable cycle of 500 h at 1.0 mA cm−2. After 500 cycles at 1 C, the remaining capacity is 153.9 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 82.1 % in NCM811||PDOL@LATP||Li batteries. This indicates that the LATP coating on the surface of the PE separator plays an important role in optimizing the performance of DETFPI‐PDOL electrolyte batteries. LATP and DETFPI‐PDOL are effective in improving the cycling stability, rate performance, and interface state of NCM811 batteries.
Firth‐Type Penalized Methods of the Modified Poisson and Least‐Squares Regression Analyses for Binary Outcomes
Authors: Uno Satoshi , Noma Hisashi , Gosho Masahiko
Published: October 2024

The modified Poisson and least‐squares regression analyses for binary outcomes have been widely used as effective multivariable analysis methods to provide risk ratio and risk difference estimates in clinical and epidemiological studies. However, there is no certain evidence that assessed their operating characteristics under small and sparse data settings and no effective methods have been proposed for these regression analyses to address this issue. In this article, we show that the modified Poisson regression provides seriously biased estimates under small and sparse data settings. In addition, the modified least‐squares regression provides unbiased estimates under these settings. We further show that the ordinary robust variance estimators for both of the methods have certain biases under situations that involve small or moderate sample sizes. To address these issues, we propose the Firth‐type penalized methods for the modified Poisson and least‐squares regressions. The adjustment methods lead to a more accurate and stable risk ratio estimator under small and sparse data settings, although the risk difference estimator is not invariant. In addition, to improve the inferences of the effect measures, we provide an improved robust variance estimator for these regression analyses. We conducted extensive simulation studies to assess the performances of the proposed methods under real‐world conditions and found that the accuracies of the point and interval estimations were markedly improved by the proposed methods. We illustrate the effectiveness of these methods by applying them to a clinical study of epilepsy.
Operando XANES Reveals the Chemical State of Iron‐Oxide Monolayers During Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation
Authors: Gajdek Dorotea , Wallander Harald J. , Abbondanza Giuseppe , Harlow Gary S. , Gustafson Johan , Blomberg Sara , Carlsson Per‐Anders , Just Justus , Lundgren Edvin , Merte Lindsay R.
Published: October 2024

We have used grazing incidence X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) to investigate the behavior of monolayer FeO
films on Pt(111) under near ambient pressure CO oxidation conditions with a total gas pressure of 1 bar. Spectra indicate reversible changes during oxidation and reduction by O
and CO at 150 °C, attributed to a transformation between FeO bilayer and FeO
trilayer phases. The trilayer phase is also reduced upon heating in CO+O
, consistent with a Mars‐van‐Krevelen type mechanism for CO oxidation. At higher temperatures, the monolayer film dewets the surface, resulting in a loss of the observed reducibility. A similar iron oxide film prepared on Au(111) shows little sign of reduction or oxidation under the same conditions. The results highlight the unique properties of monolayer FeO and the importance of the Pt support in this reaction. The study furthermore demonstrates the power of grazing‐incidence XAFS for in situ studies of these model catalysts under realistic conditions.
SVPWM‐Based Algorithm for Reduced THD and Switching Losses Under Varying Fundamental Frequency and Load in a VSI
Authors: Ahmad Mattoo Bilal , Hamid Bhat Abdul
Published: October 2024

The present study explores the influence exerted by various pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques upon harmonic distortion and switching losses of a voltage source inverter. In the context of this inquiry, a generalized algorithm for variable frequency operations, inspired by continuous and discontinuous PWM is outlined in this article. The algorithm is explicitly formulated as a function of fundamental frequency and the load power factor angle with the objective of minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD) and switching losses within a specified frequency range. The algorithm is segmented into various regions of frequency, guided by the theory that each region corresponds to a distinct PWM technique that yields reduced harmonic distortion. In this article, a minimum switching loss algorithm is introduced and implemented using both BCPWM and ABCPWM techniques. The algorithm is specifically designed to minimize switching losses across the entire range of load power factor angles. The integration of switching loss algorithm with the selection of the optimal PWM technique across different frequency ranges results in reduced switching losses and harmonic distortion. This leads to a comprehensive PWM algorithm that efficiently reduces both THD and switching losses during dynamic frequency and load changes. Experimental and theoretical evidences demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in attaining minimum harmonic distortion and reduced switching loss operation during variations in fundamental frequency and load.
Polyphosphoric Acid Catalyzed C−H Dinitration of Passivated Aromatic Compounds with Potassium Nitrate under Mild Condition
Authors: Jia Yixiong , Wen Bin , Nan Peiran , Chen Huaiyin , Chen Xingquan , Li Shiyun
Published: October 2024

Dinitroaromatics are valuable organic compounds. However, the high value of these compounds is accompanied by significant risks and formidable challenges. Herein, we report a safe and highly efficient method for the dinitration of various aromatic compounds, using KNO3 as nitrating agent, polyphosphoric acid as solvent and catalyst. This approach provides a safer and more efficient alternative to the traditional mixed acid system, making it suitable for a range of substrates, especially highly deactivated arenes.
A ‘New Social Virtuosity’; A Dissonant Manifest(o)
Authors: Whalley J. Harry , Waeckerlé Emmanuelle
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the intersection of music, creativity, and society through the lens of a critical and self‐critical appraisal of the here.here concert series; ongoing research‐led collaboration focusing on transdisciplinary approaches to experimental music with a focus on the socio‐politico‐environmental dynamics at play between all involved in a musical encounter. The authors, both academics and composers, contend that experimental music, in its super‐local, interpersonal connections, can challenge the conventional and institutional, serving as an alternative to the homogeneity and self‐centred individualism fostered by capitalist systems. We propose the concept of a ‘new social virtuosity (“social virtuosity” in a music context was coined by Maggie Nicols in the 1970s to describe Feminist Improvising Group and their challenge of the “technological or instrumental elitism”; often dismissed by male musicians. (We came across it through the PhD research of one of our students Maureen Wolloshin),’ viewing the music landscape as a vast terrain where various musical, artistic, and creative directions intersect and converge, transcending presumed binaries. The paper foregrounds the significance of curatorial practice in bridging these differences and harnessing social dissonance, particularly in the context of the capitalist systems which enable these concerts. The authors argue that curation, despite its necessary interplay with these systems, can act as a tool to disrupt and question them. They explore how the act of curation influences social and political dynamics, examining its potential to create new ways of interaction and empowerment. This approach serves as a contrast to those systems that often cause disconnection and isolation. The authors reflect upon three case studies from the last two seasons of the here.here concert series that explicitly focused on the concepts of ‘ventriloquy’ and ‘social virtuosity’ as forms of creative agency: entering into critical dialogue with and giving voice to seminal works (Cage 4′33, Alexander J. Ellis (1814–1890)) for the former and three contemporary pioneers of ‘social virtuosity’—Eva‐Maria Houben—Maggie Nicols and Eddie Prevost for the latter. The concept of ‘social dissonance’ is examined, illustrating how it can be used as a catalyst for creative dialogue and solidarity, while also encouraging a deeper understanding of our shared societal dynamics. Finally, the paper introduces the concept of ‘a new social virtuosity’, emphasising the importance of listening, collaboration, and collective intention in creating a shared musical experience that expands beyond the stage to include the audience. It concludes by examining the performance of 4′33 within this context and underscores the power of dissonance as a tool for creative and critical thinking.
Monomer Transport via Collision in Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Schork F. Joseph
Published: October 2024

One of the questions still remaining regarding emulsion polymerization is the issue of mass transfer versus reaction limitation since, by its nature, emulsion polymerization requires monomer transport across an aqueous phase. This question is brought into focus lately by the growing use of miniemulsion polymerization in which the monomer transport step is much less important. This paper will explore the possible rate of monomer transport via collision and ratio this to the maximum rate of polymerization using the Damkohler analysis formality. Results indicate that systems relying on monomer transport by collision will be almost universally monomer‐transport‐limited, thus exhibiting lower‐than‐expected rates of polymerizations.
Effect of Partition Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold‐Rolled Medium‐Manganese Steel
Authors: Zhu Yuhang , Ren Guocheng , Jing Cainian , Lin Tao , Tu Yingming
Published: October 2024

The influence of different heat‐treatment conditions on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of cold‐rolled Fe–7.69Mn–2.76Al–0.12C (wt%) steel is investigated using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction. In the results, it is shown that the stability of austenite is significantly affected by different partitioning temperatures. It is found that factors such as dislocation density, temperature, and grain size collectively influence partitioning behavior. In the observations, it is revealed that when the partitioning temperature is raised from 120 to 180 °C, the dislocation density of the face centered cubic phase within the test steel decreases from 10.38 × 1016 to 7.67 × 1016 m−2. Additionally, within specimens exhibiting higher dislocation densities, carbon element diffusion is more uniform. During the experiment, the poor stability of the austenite is found to be susceptible to stress‐inducing the phase of the martensitic transformation, and the type of the martensite transformation affects the deformation process and the performance of submission behavior. In the observations under TEM, a phenomenon where variations in dislocation density within individual austenite grains may lead to differing stability across grain regions is revealed, thereby triggering localized martensitic phase transformations.
A comprehensive review of radiation shielding concrete: Properties, design, evaluation, and applications
Authors: Barbhuiya Salim , Das Bibhuti Bhusan , Norman Paul , Qureshi Tanvir
Published: October 2024

This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of radiation shielding concrete, covering its properties, design, evaluation, and applications. It begins with an introduction, stating the objective and scope. The paper explores radiation shielding basics, including ionizing radiation, shielding principles, and materials used for shielding. Concrete's properties relevant to shielding, radiation attenuation mechanisms, and factors affecting its efficiency are discussed. Different types of radiation shielding concrete are examined, along with their applications. The design and formulation of shielding concrete, including mix proportions, optimization techniques, and quality control, are presented. Evaluation methods and standards are discussed. Lastly, challenges, future directions, and emerging technologies are outlined. This review paper serves as a valuable resource for professionals involved in radiation shielding. The review on radiation shielding concrete highlighted its effectiveness in attenuating ionizing radiation, emphasizing material composition, density, and thickness as key design factors. Evaluation methods, such as gamma spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulations, are discussed, demonstrating its versatile applications in nuclear facilities, healthcare, and space exploration.
Corrosion level estimation in reinforced concrete beams by acoustic emission sensing and selective crack measurements
Authors: Vandecruys Eline , Martens Constantijn , Van Steen Charlotte , Lombaert Geert , Verstrynge Els
Published: October 2024

Accurate corrosion assessment plays an important role in ensuring structural safety of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. However, on‐site assessment of existing concrete structures presents many challenges, including high costs, limited inspection timeframes, and difficult accessibility. To facilitate inspection‐based corrosion assessment, this paper presents a novel approach by combining short‐term acoustic emission (AE) monitoring with selective crack width measurements for corrosion level (CL) assessment. AE sensing is a monitoring technique which can detect ongoing internal degradation mechanisms by analyzing ultrasonic waves emitted by the damage process. Yet, two major challenges arise on site: (1) practical limitations prevent continuous AE monitoring over the structure's entire lifetime and (2) AE can only generate relative results in the absence of reference measurements. This paper addresses both challenges to bridge the gap between laboratory experiments and on‐site monitoring of corroding RC structures. First, short periods of AE monitoring data are analyzed to investigate the potential of AE sensing over limited timeframes. Second, AE data of corroding RC beams are combined with sparse crack width measurements in order to obtain absolute CLs. The proposed methodology is experimentally validated by corroding eight beams with varying dimensions, corrosion zones, and reinforcement layouts. The experimental results prove that the estimated CLs closely match the rebar mass losses, with a mean absolute error of 1.53% CL for beams reaching up to 14% CL, confirming the potential of the combined AE and crack width measurement technique as an efficient and accurate condition assessment approach. Moreover, AE sensing provides detailed spatial variability of the rebar corrosion in the monitored zone, which is challenging to obtain with conventional techniques. By using this dual‐technique approach, shorter monitoring periods prove nearly as effective as continuous AE monitoring in accurately estimating CLs.
A theoretical insight into the adsorption behavior of organic molecules on MoS2 monolayer
Authors: Tri Nguyen Ngoc , Huong Cao Thi , Trung Nguyen Tien
Published: October 2024

The adsorption stage is crucial in sensing performance and photoreaction on material surfaces. This study investigates volatile organic compounds (VOC) adsorption on MoS2 monolayer using first‐principle calculations. The adsorption configurations are stabilized by H···S hydrogen bonds and C/O···S intermolecular interactions. The process of molecules attached to MoS2 is evaluated as weak physical adsorption and decreases in ordering 1‐propanol > isopentane > acetone > propenal ≈ ethylamine. Besides, AIM analysis indicates that the H···S and C/O···S contacts are weak interactions and are non‐covalent in nature. The intermolecular hyper‐conjugation energy values resulting from the NBO approach determine the stronger hydrogen bonds of H···S in comparison to C/O···S interactions. Remarkably, the gas sensing response of the MoS2 monolayer for VOC molecules is observed theoretically. The sensing responses of gas molecules on the MoS2 monolayer are achieved considerably, up to 99.80% for ethylamine, 97.96% for acetone, and 18–32% for the remaining gases. The MoS2 monolayer is expected to be a suitable sensing material for VOC.
Genocide
Authors: Bolton Matthew
Published: October 2024

The claim that Israel has, is or intends to commit genocide upon the Palestinian population across the Middle East is one of the most incendiary charges that can be made of the Jewish state. The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted by the UN in 1948, defines genocide as “acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such.” Genocide should be distinguished from both ‘crimes against humanity’ and ‘ethnic cleansing’—the former focuses on violence against individuals as individuals rather than group identity; the latter generally refers to forced expulsion from an area, invariably accompanied by violence, but without the aim of destroying the group as such. While the founding of the State of Israel was not a direct consequence of the Holocuast, the history of Israel is necessarily entwined with that of the Shoah. This gives accusations of genocide aimed at Israel—whereby the victims (or descendants) of the most extreme genocide in history are portrayed as perpetrators—an aggravating factor which goes beyond the routine hyperbole that characterises much political discourse, particularly online.
From Science to Society: The Open Science and Innovation and Network Approach
Authors: Gutleber Johannes
Published: October 2024

Public investment in fundamental scientific research generates societal benefits (Mazzucato in Public Aff, 2018 [1]; Barrett et al. in Why basic science matters for economic growth. Public investment in basic research will pay for itself. International Monetary Fund Blog, 2011 [2]; Zuniga and Wunsch-Vincent in Harnessing the benefits of publicly-funded research. WIPO Magazine, 2012 [3]; Adams in Calif Manage Rev 48(1):29–51, 2005 [4]; European Physical Society in Physics and the economy. Report. Centre for Economics and Business Research, 2019 [5]). At first sight it seems counterintuitive that public funding of a curiosity driven activity that does not address immediate societal challenges or urgent needs can produce wealth and be even long-term sustainable. We are rather tempted to argue that on the contrary, only applied research and targeted investments such as for instance addressing climate change, advancing microelectronics, increasing the effectiveness of battery-based energy storage or the developments of space technologies can satisfy this criterion. It is important to engage both, public and private funds to address such challenges, but science is a key ingredient to come up with the truly disruptive solutions. The funds required to address grand challenges call for globally concerted approaches over several decades with effects that will become only visible after several generations. Funding alone will, however, not be sufficient to effectively respond to societal challenges. Looking at the private sector, it turns out that a significant share of high-tech companies are ultimately results of initial public funding for curiosity driven scientific research.
How to Measure the Local Economic Impact of Large Research Infrastructure Procurement
Authors: Crescenzi Riccardo , Piazza Gabriele
Published: October 2024

While Research Infrastructure (RIs) are designed to address complex scientific questions, their capacity to generate visible economic benefits remains of fundamental importance to the countries that fund them. This chapter introduces a framework to conceptualise, identify and estimate the local economic effects of RI procurement, beyond the boundaries of RI suppliers. The evidence produced with the application of the proposed methodology can be used to showcase the potential economic returns of various RIs. This framework also underscores the importance of connections between local firms and the mediating role of local factors.
Building CERN’s Future Circular Collider—An Estimation of Its Impact on Value Added and Employment
Authors: Streicher Gerhard , Gutleber Johannes
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the potential economic and employment impacts of constructing the Future Circular Collider (FCC), a next-generation particle accelerator being developed by CERN. The FCC project aims to build upon the existing accelerator complex near Geneva, extending into the Haute-Savoie region and introducing an unparalleled research facility for the global scientific community. By integrating a high-intensity electron-positron collider and a high-energy hadron collider, the FCC is designed to push the boundaries of particle physics throughout the twenty-first century. Beyond its scientific aspirations, the project has the potential to create significant economic value through direct and indirect employment, technology transfer, and innovation spillovers across sectors. The analysis presented in this chapter examines the anticipated impacts on regional and international economies, highlighting the benefits of such a large-scale infrastructure in advancing scientific frontiers while also delivering tangible contributions to society, innovation, and employment growth. Through advanced modelling and projections, the chapter estimates the FCC’s potential to act as a catalyst for economic development, further solidifying Europe’s leadership in high-energy physics research.
Socio-economic Impact Assessment of ESA Programmes
Authors: Willekens Stephanie , Mathieu Charlotte , Peters Jakob
Published: October 2024

The European Space Agency (ESA) is an intergovernmental organisation with over 50 years of experience in the space sector. The agency is Europe’s gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capabilities and ensure that investment in space continuously supports the competitiveness of the European space industry and delivers benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. For this purpose, ESA has evaluated the socio-economic impact of its activities since the nineties, drawing on experience from its Member States and international bodies like the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Since 2012, ESA has been consolidating its methodological approach, promoting best practices from the European Commission and the OECD. This contribution provides an overview of ESA’s socio-economic impact assessment, its methodology and several examples of indicators measuring socio-economic impact of its programmes.
Social License to Operate—A Critical Success Factor in Realising Impact from Research Infrastructure
Authors: Tiplady Adrian J.
Published: October 2024

Since publication of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776), modern business has been structured on one objective alone: to increase profit for its shareholders. This shareholder model is recognised in the development of a range of strategic management practices and models, such as Norton and Kaplan’s strategy maps. Equivalent models can be adopted for non-profit organisations and research infrastructures, where profit for shareholders is measured rather in terms of a value proposition being delivered to its shareholders.
The Higgs boson decay h → bs in the U(1)XSSM
Authors: Gao Song , Zhao Shu-Min , Liu Ming-Yue , Han Xing-Yu , Wang Xi , Feng Tai-Fu
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the U(1)XSSM, we delve into the quark flavor violation of h → bs, where h is identified as the SM-like Higgs boson discovered at the LHC. As the U(1) extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the U(1)XSSM has new super fields such as right-handed neutrinos and three Higgs singlets. We conduct a thorough analysis of the underlying mechanisms and parameter dependencies of h → bs in the U(1)XSSM. In the U(1)XSSM, we discover that the Br(h → bs) for the Higgs decay to bs could significantly differ from the expectation in the standard model (SM), depending on the values of the new parameters introduced in the model. Our research not only contributes to a deeper understanding of Higgs physics within the U(1)XSSM, but also provides valuable guidance for new physics (NP).
Impact of an enhanced anti-infection prophylaxis strategy for pancreatoduodenectomy: a single centre analysis
Authors: Groß Tina , Merboth Felix , Klimowa Anna , Kahlert Christoph , Distler Marius , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo , Müssle Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Introduction 

Surgical site infection (SSI) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a significant concern. Targeted antibiotic prophylaxis (pAP) has been tested to mitigate antibiotic resistance patterns, especially after preoperative bile duct stenting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enhanced anti-infective prophylaxis (EAP) on the incidence of superficial and intraabdominal SSI.

Methods

All patients who underwent PD at a single centre between May 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively analysed. A control cohort of patients who received pAP with intravenous cefuroxime and metronidazole and routine intraoperative abdominal lavage according to the surgeons’ preferences. Since March 2020, pAP has been changed to piperacillin/tazobactam according to local resistance patterns and combined with routine intraoperative extended abdominal lavage (EIPL). Preoperative selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) has been applied routinely since Jan 2019.

Results

In total, 163 patients were included. The standard (n = 100) and EAP (n = 63) groups did not significantly differ with regard to pertinent patient and operative characteristics. In the EAP group, the rates of SSI (14% vs. 37%, p = 0.002, total rate: 28%) and urinary tract infection (24% vs. 8%, p = 0.011, total rate 18%) were significantly lower. Other septic complications were not significantly different. In addition, the risk of developing gastrointestinal bleeding and delayed gastric emptying was significantly lower in the EAP group. Multivariate analysis showed that an age > 67 years was a significant risk factor for SSI.

Conclusion

The results indicate that enhanced anti-infective prophylaxis may significantly decrease the incidence of SSI in patients after PD.