bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS POST SARS-COV-2 VACCINATION
Authors:   Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco., Fargani R. El , Fouar H.EL ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco., Idalene M. ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco., Ihbibane F. ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco., Tassi N. ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco.
Published: September 2022

Many of the central and peripheral nervous system complications related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been recently described. An efficient mass vaccination program is required in order to effectively reduce the spreading of the infection and, therefore, minimize long-term sequelae, including neurological ones. Nonetheless, as more patients are accessing the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines, it is important to report potential adverse events. For this reason, we report here, the case of a patient with no remarkable medical history, having developed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) 3 weeks after being vaccinated against COVID-19 Diagnostic criteria for possible autoimmune encephalitis were fulfilled. Our patient showed a good response to plasmapheresis therapy after a failure of corticosteroid one. The Complications of post-vaccination encephalitis following SINOPHARM vaccination still seem to be very rare, but should be diagnosed and treated appropriately.
A COMPARITIVE AND PROGNOSTIC STUDY OF CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS AND VEGFR-2 IN DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL GRADES OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Anjum Afshan , Shree R.V Bindu , Jayaram Thambiah Lalita , Rodrigues Charlotte
Published: September 2022

Background And Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the fourth leading cancer and the eighth leading cause of cancer - related death worldwide. Despite improvements in diagnosis and therapeutic concepts, the 5 year overall survival rate has not improved significantly over the last 25 years and remains around 56%. Circulating tumor cells are cancer cells detached from a primary or secondary tumor and entered the circulation, these serve as a clinical biomarker for diagnostic, prognostic and pharmacological purposes. Neoangiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors.VEGFR-2 is one of the major mediator of endothelial cell mitogenesis, proliferation and survival. Inhibition of angiogenesis by disruption of VEGFR-2 pathways, this could suppress tumors` growth by limiting their blood supply. Hence, the present study was carried out to isolate and study circulating tumor cells in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma from the peripheral venous blood of the patient. To assess the histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma by using H and E sections of the biopsy sample and to assess the immunohistochemical expression of VEGFR-2 / FLK1 in circulating tumor cells and in biopsy samples. Material and Methods: The present study consisted of 60 paraffin embedded blocks of histologically diagnosed cases of 15 well differentiated OSCC, 15 moderately differentiated OSCC, 15 poorly differentiated OSCC and 15 cases of normal epithelium. Out of 45 OSCC cases, 20 OSCC patientsÂ’ blood samples were collected and subjected to CTCs isolation using Pluriselect beads. Tissue sections of 4Âµm thickness of paraffin embedded tissue blocks were subjected to VEGFR-2 staining. Expression of VEGFR-2, were counted randomly in 5 high power fields(40X).Quantitative analysis of VEGFR-2 was done using image analysis (image progress software) and data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Unpaired t test. Results: Higher mean expression for VEGFR-2 was seen in PDSCC followed by MDSCC, WDSCC and the control group. The difference in mean VEGFR-2 expression was found to be statistically significant between WDSCC & MDSCC (P< 0.049) as well as between WDSCC &PDSCC (P<0.000) and between MDSCC& PDSCC (P<0.001).The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were found in 3/20(15%) patients of OSCC. Conclusion: The expression of the VEGFR-2 was higher in PDSCC as compared to MDSCC, WDSCC and normal epithelium respectively.Circulating tumor cells were found in 3 patients of OSCC.
MIXED AC CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES IN ALKALI AND TRANSITION METAL IONS DOPED BORATE GLASSES
Authors:   Assistatn Professor, Department of Physics,Government First Grade College, Shahapur, (Karnataka), India., V. Banagar Arunkumar , Kumar M. Prashant ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Government College (Autonomous) Kalaburagi, (Karnataka), India., Nagaraja N. ,   Professor, Department of Physics, VTURC, Rao Bahadur Y. Mahabaleswarappa Engineering College, Ballari, (Karnataka), India.
Published: September 2022

In the present study, B2O3 glasses doped with Na2O and Fe2O3 was prepared via melt quenching method. The amorphous nature of the samples has been confirmed by the XRD studies. The polaronic conduction for the wide range of temperature and frequency were studied. As temperature increases the dielectric properties found to be enhanced and with increment in frequency they found to be decreased. The high temperature ac conductivity data has been analyzed by Motts small polaron hopping model (SPH). Activation energy passed through maximum and conductivity passed through minimum at 0.20 concentrations of sodium oxide which attributes that the switch over of conduction process, taking place at 0.20 molar fraction of alkali ions from primarily polaronic to ionic in the present series of glasses.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DISEASE SEVERITY, COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND CLINICAL OUTCOME BETWEEN ALCOHOL-INDUCED PANCREATITIS AND GALL STONE-INDUCED PANCREATITIS
Authors:   Senior Resident,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Assam Medical College and Hospital., Paul Leema , Nath Lipee ,   Associate Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis , Assam Medical College and Hospital., Kumar Dhanowar Rajesh ,   Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital., Das Krishnangshu ,   Post graduate trainee, Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital.
Published: September 2022

Objective:To assess whether the etiological factors of alcohol and gall stones affect the disease severity, course, disease-associated complications, and clinical outcome in terms of length of hospital stay, infection/organ failure rates, intervention rates, and mortality. Materials and Method: We conducted a hospital-based prospective study in the Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Assam Medical College, where 75 cases with acute pancreatitis were screened and subdivided into three etiological groups: (i) alcoholism (33 cases), (ii) cholelithiasis (23 cases), and (iii) other causes (19 cases), out of which 56 cases with etiology of alcoholism and gall stones were included in our study. The severity was scored using the Modified CT Severity Index. Clinical follow-up was done for both alcohol-induced Pancreatitis and Gall stone-induced pancreatitis groups to assess the disease course, disease-associated complications& clinical outcome. Statistical analysis: We analyzed data using the computer program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows, version 21.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.) and Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: In a total of 75 cases screened for our study, alcohol-induced pancreatitis was the leading cause of acute pancreatitis (33 cases), followed by gall stone-induced pancreatitis (23 cases). Together, they accounted for 56 cases and constituted our study population. The majority of cases in our study were categorized under Moderate acute Pancreatitis in both alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis and gall stone-induced Pancreatitis as per the Modified CT Severity Index. The occurrence of ascites was more in alcohol-induced A.P. No significant difference was noted between the two groups in parameters such as peripancreatic or pancreatic fluid collection, necrosis, pleural effusion, extrapancreatic parenchymal abnormality, vascular complications & G.I. complications. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical outcome between the two groups regarding the length of hospital stay, infection/organ failure evidence, need for intervention, and mortality. Conclusion: Our study found no significant difference between the two etiological groups regarding disease severity, course & complications, and clinical outcome except for the increased occurrence of ascites in alcohol-induced pancreatitis.
CANCER: GENE INTERACTION AND CELL SIGNALLING
Authors: Hasnain Sumaiya
Published: September 2022

Cancer, a menace to society is mainly linked back to genetics. It is caused due to loss of function or gain of function mechanisms of the genes. The current treatment modalities include the use of chemotherapeutics, radiation and surgery. The article talks about alternative modalities that can be introduced and new targets to treat cancer.
A STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND VARIATIONS OF BICEPS BRACHI IN HUMAN CADAVERS
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Siddartha Medical College, Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh India., Sultana M.P. , Neeraja T. ,   Assistant Professor, Rangaraya Medical College,Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India., Sesi D.A.V.S ,   Professr, Government Siddartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh., C. Lalitha ,   Post Graduate, Government Siddartha Medical College, Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Biceps brachii is the functionally important muscle of front of the arm. As the name indicates biceps brachii has two heads of origin and inserts on the posterior surface of radial tuberosity. Variations may be present in the form of additional heads at the origin or they may be present at its insertion. These variations may affect action of muscle and may cause compression of nearby neurovascular structures. Aim: To determine the Morphology and variation in anatomy of biceps brachii with respect to its origin, insertion, length, width and distance of union of heads and its nerve supply. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 bodies 60 arms each of embalmed cadavers (including both right and left) of Department of Anatomy, Govt. Siddartha Medical College, Andhra Pradesh, India from 2019-2022. The dissection of arm was done according to standard guidelines and biceps brachii muscle was cleaned. The origin, insertion, length, width and nerve supply of biceps brachii muscle was observed and noted for any variation. Results: In the present study an additional head of origin of biceps on right and left side of a cadaver were found. In present study there were variations in length and breadth of the muscle, mostly due to stature and occupation all these were noted. Nerve supply-variations were also noted.Absent MCN was observed in 2 cadavers only on one side of limb both on right side. Its distribution is carried out by Median nerve. Conclusion: There are several variations seen in biceps brachii in way of origin, insertion, nerve supply which can put a surgeon in dilemma and it may result in iatrogenic injuries. Hence, it is important to have a knowledge about its variations so that such injuries can be prevented.
GLOMUS TUMOR OF THE WRIST PRESENTING AS CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. A CASE REPORT OF RARE PRESENTATION
Authors: Mohmmed Thani Tafani , Elyousfi Abdulhamid
Published: September 2022

Glomus tumors are caused by hyperplasia of the glomus body. Extra-digital glomus tumors are occasionally challenging to identify. We report a case of a patient who was misdiagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome and eventually after surgical excision it was found to be a Glomus tumor. Tumors must therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of individuals with extra digital lesions that present at the wrist with stabbing pain, hypersensitivity, paroxysmal pain, and MRI findings of subcutaneous low T1 high T2 signal cystic lesion.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR ANTERIOR TEETH REPLACEMENT- CASE SERIES
Authors:   PGT, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College,and Hospital., Dutta Puja , Rashid Rumana ,   PGT, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College,and Hospital., Tomar Vijay ,   PGT, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College,and Hospital., S. Akhil ,   PGT, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College,and Hospital., Kumar Giri Tapan ,   Principal and Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital.
Published: September 2022

Patients are very much concerned nowadays about the replacement of their missing teeth. Missing anterior teeth are a serious concern for patients, be it an aesthetic concern or functional loss. Aesthetics is the harmony between the teeth and the entire stomatognathic system. Aesthetic is the art that the dentist must procure, with a subtle touch of artistry, appreciation, and scientific knowledge, touch to recreate the beauty of a smile that suits the face and the personality of an individual. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder hence beauty is perspective. Science and dental treatment have progressed over the years, bringing us various options from removable partial dentures to fixed partial dentures and implants. Treatment options are delineated based on the patients concern as well as anatomic, functional, and scientific norms. Every treatment being fixed or removable has its own merits and demerits. An appropriate treatment plan should look into not only the aesthetic needs of the patient but also try to restore and maintain the harmony of the entire orofacial complex. Anterior teeth replacement can be done using a short-span cantilever bridge, as it is conservative and has a significant survival rate. Conventional cantilever fixed partial dentures have a survival rate of 82% over 10 years [1]. Maryland bridge is amongst other options which necessitate minimal tooth reduction with optimum bonding using adhesive cement.
LUXATION DE LARTICULATION TEMPOROMANDIBULAIRE LORS DUNE ANESTHESIE GENERALE : A PROPOS DUN CAS
Authors:   Pole dAnesthesie Reanimation - Hopital Militaire Dinstruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Fakri Ahmed ,   Service de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale - Hopital Militaire Dinstruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Halhoul Youssef ,   Pole dAnesthesie Reanimation - Hopital Militaire Dinstruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Chikhi Brahim ,   Pole dAnesthesie Reanimation - Hopital Militaire Dinstruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., El Wartiti Loukman ,   Pole dAnesthesie Reanimation - Hopital Militaire Dinstruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Benbachir Adam ,   Service de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale - Hopital Militaire Dinstruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., El Wali Abderrahmane ,   Pole dAnesthesie Reanimation - Hopital Militaire Dinstruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Bensghir Mustapha ,   Pole dAnesthesie Reanimation - Hopital Militaire Dinstruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.
Published: September 2022

The incidence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation in anaesthesia is poorly reported. Patients with a history of TMJ dislocation, algodysfunctional syndrome of the mandatory apparatus or retro mandibular facial dysmorphosis are predisposed to this complication. We report a case of TMJ dislocation, diagnosed just after a general anaesthesia for a vicious callus of a humeral palette fracture in a patient without risk factors for this dislocation. The patient had a normal pre-anaesthetic clinical exam. The clinical diagnosis is simple. Its reduction is an emergency which can be performed with or without sedation by any practitioner familiar with the Nelaton manoeuvre.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ALUM AND ITS BHASMA (SPHATIKA BHASMA)
Authors:   Head, Bacteriology Department, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai- 400012, India., Aparna Rege Anuya , Bhushan Kolte Dipti ,   Senior Technical Assistant (STA), Bacteriology Department, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai- 400012, India., Samuel Martin Susan ,   Short Term Research Intern, Bacteriology Department, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai- 400012, India.
Published: September 2022

To overcome the burden of antimicrobial resistance, greater attention has been paid to antimicrobial activity screening from natural products. One such natural products used for therapeutic purposes is Alum. Besides, Ayurvedic Bhasma formulations have been used for treatment of various ailments for thousands of years all over the world and widely in India. Hence, in the present in vitro study, antimicrobial activity of Alum as well as its Bhasma- Sphatika Bhasma was evaluated against total 10 organisms, viz., 4 gram negative [Escherichia coli (ATCC-10148), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC-700603), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Fishers Immuno Type IV), Salmonella typhi (NCTC-786)], 4 gram positive [Bacillus subtilis (ATCC-9372), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC-29212), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC-25923), Sarcina lutea (NCTC-2470)] and 2 fungi [Aspergillus niger (ATCC-16404) and Candida albicans (ATCC-10231)] using various assays such as MIC, MBC/MFC and Agar Well Diffusion method. In general, MIC values of Sphatika Bhasma were lower than that of Alum. Alum and Sphatika Bhasma revealed broad spectrum antibacterial activities inhibiting gram positive as well as gram negative organisms and moderate antifungal activities. Furthermore, different combinations prepared from Alum (AL), Sphatika Bhasma (SB) and standard antibiotics were subjected to determine their combinatorial effect against 10 organisms using Agar Well Diffusion Assay. The combinations (AL + CP), (SB + CP) and (AL + SB + CP) displayed synergistic effect against P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant potential of Alum and Sphatika Bhasma could be attributed to their Phenolic content. Overall, Sphatika Bhasma exhibited better Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activities than Alum.
Quantitative prediction of toxin-producingAphanizomenoncyanobacteria in freshwaters using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery
Authors: Gunawardana Menik Hitihami M. A. S. V. , Sanjaya Kelum , Atapaththu Keerthi S. S. , Yapa Mudiyanselage Ajith L. W. Y. , Masakorala Kanaji , Widana Gamage Shirani M. K.
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to develop an empirical model to predict the spatial distribution of Aphanizomenon using the Ridiyagama reservoir in Sri Lanka with a dual-model strategy. In December 2020, a bloom was detected with a high density of Aphanizomenon and chlorophyll-a concentration. We generated a set of algorithms using in situ chlorophyll-a data with surface reflectance of Sentinel-2 bands on the same day using linear regression analysis. The in situ chlorophyll-a concentration was better regressed to the reflectance ratio of (1 + R665)/(1–R705) derived from B4 and B5 bands of Sentinel-2 with high reliability (R2 = 0.81, p < 0.001). The second regression model was developed to predict Aphanizomenon cell density using chlorophyll-a as the proxy and the relationship was strong and significant (R2 = 0.75, p<0.001). Coupling the former regression models, an empirical model was derived to predict Aphanizomenon cell density in the same reservoir with high reliability (R2 = 0.71, p<0.001). Furthermore, the predicted and observed spatial distribution of Aphanizomenon was fairly agreed. Our results highlight that the present empirical model has a high capability for an accurate prediction of Aphanizomenon cell density and their spatial distribution in freshwaters, which helps in the management of toxic algal blooms and associated health impacts.
Risk-based treatment targets for onsite non-potable water systems using new pathogen data
Authors: Pecson Brian , Kaufmann Anya , Sharvelle Sybil , Post Brie , Leverenz Harold , Ashbolt Nicholas , Olivieri Adam
Published: September 2022

Using local sources (roof runoff, stormwater, graywater, and onsite wastewater) to meet non-potable water demands can minimize potable water use in buildings and increase supply reliability. In 2017, an Independent Advisory Panel developed a risk-based framework to identify pathogen log reduction targets (LRTs) for onsite non-potable water systems (ONWSs). Subsequently, California's legislature mandated the development and adoption of regulations—including risk-based LRTs—for use in multifamily residential, commercial, and mixed-use buildings. A California Expert Panel was convened in 2021 to (1) update the LRT requirements using new, quantitative pathogen data and (2) propose treatment trains capable of meeting the updated LRTs. This paper presents the updated risk-based LRTs for multiple pathogens (viruses, protozoa, and bacteria) and an expanded set of end-uses including toilet flushing, clothes washing, irrigation, dust and fire suppression, car washing, and decorative fountains. The updated 95th percentile LRTs required for each source water, pathogen, and end-use were typically within 1-log10 of the 2017 LRTs regardless of the approach used to estimate pathogen concentrations. LRT requirements decreased with influent pathogen concentrations from wastewater to graywater to stormwater to roof runoff. Cost and footprint estimates provide details on the capital, operations and maintenance, and siting requirements for ONWS implementation.
Study on key technology of identification of mine water inrush source by PSO-LightGBM
Authors: Ji Yuan , Dong Donglin , Mei Aoshuang , Wei Zhonglin
Published: September 2022

Mine water inrush is a major type of disaster in coal mine production in China. It causes heavy casualties and serious economic losses and threatens coal mine safety. To quickly and accurately identify mine water inrush source, according to the hydrochemical characteristics of different aquifers in the Donghuantuo mining area, this paper systematically analyzes the hydraulic connection of the aquifers in main coal mining areas before and after mining activities. Four types of hydrochemical data were collected: No. 5 coal seam roof water, No. 8 coal seam roof water, No. 122 coal seam floor water, and No. 1214 coal seam aquifer water in the Donghuantuo mining area. In addition, based on the hydrochemical data, the parameter selection of LightGBM was optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and constructed the PSO-LightGBM water inrush source identification model. The recognition accuracy of PSO-LightGBM model was compared with LightGBM model, classification regression tree (CART) model, and random forest (RF) model. The results showed that coal mining activities would have a significant impact on the water quality characteristics of the roof sandstone fissure water of No. 5 coal mine. Mining activities had a certain impact on the accuracy of the identification model. In addition, compared with the four recognition models, PSO-LightGBM model had the highest recognition accuracy of 97.22%. It showed that the model had high accuracy, stability, generalization ability, and important reference value for the identification of mine water inrush source.
Production of Soluble Murine TRAILs in Escherichia coli with Zn2+
Supplementation
Authors: Wang Xupu , Wang Lizheng , Liu Wenmo , Feng Xinyao , Wu Hui , Zhang Haihong , Wu Jiaxin , Kong Wei , Yu Xianghui , Yu Bin
Published: September 2022

Background:

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in rheumatoid arthritis and the tumor microenvironment, besides its known capacity of specifically inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells. Mice are common available animal models for studying the roles of TRAIL. However, mice express only a single TRAIL receptor (mTRAILR) with an intracellular death domain, in contrast to the two TRAIL receptors (TRAILR1 and TRAILR2) in humans. Moreover, human TRAIL binds weakly to mTRAILR, whereas mouse TRAIL has high affinity for the human TRAIL-Rs. Therefore, we considered that murine TRAIL would be more suitable than human TRAIL for exploring the immunoregulatory effect of TRAIL in immunocompetent mice or when using mouse cells as the target. To our knowledge, the detailed method for production of recombinant murine TRAIL has not been reported.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to design and express two soluble forms of murine TRAIL and verify the properties of the protein.

Methods:

Recombinant murine TRAILs were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3, and Ni-chelating affinity chromatography was used for protein purification. SDS-PAGE, GDS-PAGE and HPLC were applied to analyze the protein structure. The cytotoxicity of our purified murine TRAILs was evaluated in the TRAIL-sensitive human breast cancer ZR-75-30 cells and murine breast cancer 4T1 cells. Finally, validation of the tumor-killing ability of the murine protein in vivo.

Results:

Two soluble forms of murine TRAILs (mT_N99 and mT_N188) were purified and demonstrated with high purity and trimeric structure. In addition, Zn2+ supplement was essential to produce soluble murine TRAILs in E.coli BL21 (DE3). The two purified soluble mTRAILs showed similar cytotoxicity to cancer cells, moreover, mT_N99 also showed a good anti-tumor effect in vivo and is more suitable for the treatment of murine tumor models.

Conclusion:

A production approach for recombinant murine TRAIL was determined, which covered the design of shortened forms, expression, purification and characterization.
Efectos no genéticos sobre caracteres de crecimiento predestete en ovinos de pelo criollo colombiano
Authors: Montes Vergara Donicer
Published: September 2022

Objective. Determine the effect of some variation factors that affect the characteristics of birth weight (BW), adjusted weaning weight (AWW) at 90 days and pre-weaning weight gain (PWW) in Colombian hair sheep. Materials and methods. 525 data from Colombian hair sheep (OPC) offspring, reared in an extensive production system under conditions of the lower Colombian tropics were used. A linear fixed effects model (GLM) was used, which included the sex of the calf, the type of calving (single or multiple), the calving number of the ewe (primiparous or multiparous), the climatic season of birth (dry or rainy) and the year of birth (2017 to 2020) and their interactions. The analyzes were carried out with the statistical package SAS University, 2021®. Results. The BW, AWW and PWW values were 2.9±0.1 Kg, 13.2±1.6 Kg and 0.15±0.064 Kg, respectively. The BW was significantly affected (p <0.05) by all the factors studied. So then, the males, the offspring of simple delivery, of first-time ewes, in the rainy weather season and in 2019 had better performance. The AWW only varied significantly due to the effects of calving number, the climatic season and the year. Finally, the PWW was only affected by the rainy weather season and by the year. Conclusions. The BW turned out to be the variable most sensitive to the factors analyzed. In maternal effects, the type of delivery did not affect the AWW and PWW, while the number of deliveries affected the AWW but not the PWW.
A Comparative Histomorphological and Histochemical Study of the Ventriculus between Iraqi Adult Geese (Anser anser) and Guinea fowls (Numidia meleagris)
Authors: Mousa Khaleel Iman , Abd Alkhazraji Khalid Ibrahim , Senan Hasan Muhammed
Published: September 2022

The present study aimed to describe and compare the histomorphological and histochemical structures to ventriculus in Goose(Anser anser) and Guinea fowls (Numidia meleagris). The work was carried out on twenty apparently clinically healthy birds obtained from a supplier in Baghdad city. They were allocated in two equal groups of each type of bird. The two groups were utilized for histological and histochemical investigations of their ventriculus organ. After anesthesia and killing birds, their abdominal cavity was dissected, their ventriculus was identified and proper specimens from its walls were prepared. The samples designated for histochemical staining were fixed in a solution of bruin's fixative, while the others for general histological examination were fixed in (10%) neutral buffered formalin. After processing, the sections were stained with (2.5 PH) Alcian- PAS combination, periodic acid Schiff, Masson Trichrome, and Hematoxylin and Eosin stains. This study elucidates that the microscopic construct of the ventriculus was similar for the two species.

The ventriculus consists of three tunicates (serosa, muscularis, and mucosa), whereas the submucosa is absent. The wall showed some significant differences in morphometric measurements. The mucosa of the ventriculus is coated with a thick layer of cuticles organized as a wavy clear pink line parallel to the mucosal surface and mucosal folds. The simple cuboidal-columnar epithelium covered the mucosa, which showed many folds. The proprial glands (simple tubular type) are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, which opens into the crypts between the folds. A well-developed muscular comprised of smooth muscle fibers as two layers of inner circular and outer longitudinal. Serosa is composed of loose connective tissue coated by mesothelium. The Mean thickness of Cuticle, length of folds, mucosa and muscular in goose were significantly higher than that in guinea fowl; these differences may be due to variation in their diet. PAS and AB-PAS combined (2.5-PH) stains, cuticle layer, epithelium lining, and gastric glands showed a positive reaction with these stains. This study aimed to Study the normal histomorphological histochemical and structure of Gizzard in two avian species, local male guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris) and male geese (Anser anser). Also aimed to Comparative histomorphological, histomorphometric measurements and histochemical study of the Gizzard of two different local male avian species (Guinea fowl and geese).

Keywords: Histomorphological, Histochemical, Ventriculus, Guinea fowls, Geese
Detection of morphometrical, histological and histochemical characteristics of lung and trachea in adult local squirrel (Sciurus anomalus)
Authors: Mousa Khaleel Iman , Abd Alkhazraji Khalid Ibrahim , kreem Atiea Mahdi Abdul
Published: September 2022

The present study aimed to identify the topography, morphology, histochemistry and histology of lung structures, bronchial divisions and trachea in adult local Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) as a species inhabited in Iraqi environments. This work was conducted on thirty local Squirrel of both sexes (15) males and (15) females were divided into three equal groups, first for http://wsx5customurl.comanatomical perceptions, second to resin cast technique and the third for histological study. Anatomically, in both sexes, the trachea appeared as a cartilaginous structure consisting of flexible cartilaginous rings, C-like, connected by annular ligaments. It begins at the end of the cricoid cartilage from the level of the second cervical vertebra to the fourth thoracic vertebral plane; eventually, it splits into the right and left main bronchi. Count tracheal rings, the entire weight of the lung, full length, the diameter of the trachea and right and left bronchi. The trachea in females was slightly less than in males but not significantly. The bronchial tree was detected in resin cast, which was constructed of the trachea divided into left and right primary bronchi (Main bronchi), the right one was split into four secondary bronchi to enter the right lobes and two secondary bronchi to the left one. The left lung contains one lobe, whereas four lobes were observed in the right. Histologically, the wall of the trachea consists of four layers. Epithelial cells of ciliated pseudostratified columnar and goblet cells that reacted positively with PAS were covered in the mucosa. Submucosa was devoid of the tracheal glands. The Trachealis muscle is connected from the outer aspect of rings. Similarly to the trachea, the primary bronchi are structured but smaller in diameter; they break up within the lung into primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi, then it terminates in respiratory bronchioles that contain Clara cells and open at the end in the sacs of alveoli. Two types of pneumocystis were observed lining the alveoli. The current study concluded anatomically and histologically that there were no significant differences between males and females of local squirrels. The lobulation of the lung in squirrels is different from other animals. The trachea and lung histologically resembled numerous animals, however, the wall had micro morphometric changes. But, the surface lining cells of the tracheal and bronchi mucosa secrete neutral mucin, with no submucosal glands in the tracheal wall. Keywords: Trachea, Local Squirrel, Bronchial Tree, Histochemical, Lung.
COVID-19 Health Beliefs Regarding Mask Wearing and Vaccinations on Twitter: Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Ke Si Yang , Neeley-Tass E Shannon , Barnes Michael , Hanson Carl L , Giraud-Carrier Christophe , Snell Quinn
Published: September 2022

Background

Amid the global COVID-19 pandemic, a worldwide infodemic also emerged with large amounts of COVID-19–related information and misinformation spreading through social media channels. Various organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other prominent individuals issued high-profile advice on preventing the further spread of COVID-19.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to leverage machine learning and Twitter data from the pandemic period to explore health beliefs regarding mask wearing and vaccines and the influence of high-profile cues to action.

Methods

A total of 646,885,238 COVID-19–related English tweets were filtered, creating a mask-wearing data set and a vaccine data set. Researchers manually categorized a training sample of 3500 tweets for each data set according to their relevance to Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs and used coded tweets to train machine learning models for classifying each tweet in the data sets.

Results

In total, 5 models were trained for both the mask-related and vaccine-related data sets using the XLNet transformer model, with each model achieving at least 81% classification accuracy. Health beliefs regarding perceived benefits and barriers were most pronounced for both mask wearing and immunization; however, the strength of those beliefs appeared to vary in response to high-profile cues to action.

Conclusions

During both the COVID-19 pandemic and the infodemic, health beliefs related to perceived benefits and barriers observed through Twitter using a big data machine learning approach varied over time and in response to high-profile cues to action from prominent organizations and individuals.
Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks in Natural Language Processing to Identify Suicide-Risk Messages on Twitter (Preprint)
Authors: Tam Cheuk Chi , Huan Ning , Cai Ruilie , Zhang Jiajia , Li zhenlong , Li Xiaoming
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Suicide has been particularly concerning in the United States (US), but the risk assessment has been challenging because of its dependence on psychometric evaluations at the clinics. Growing attention has been paid to the role of social media since existing literature indicates that social media users disclose their suicide ideation and seek help online. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been proven as promising for sematic analysis of psychiatric health Internet contents. ANNs may also be applicable for the suicide risk assessment on social media, such as Twitter.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using three widely used ANNs, including Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), to identify suicide-risk contents on Twitter in the US.

METHODS

Three ANNs were trained and tested using a training dataset of 9,900 tweets developed through a human-in-the-loop approach. The performance of the models was tested using several statistical indicators, including precision, recall, and F-1 scores. AUC-ROC and PR-AUC were also calculated. The ANN with the best performance was applied to classify suicide-risk contents in the pool of 3.2 million historical tweets (2010 to 2021) filtered by expert-determined keywords.

RESULTS

Compared to CNN and LSTM, BERT showed a higher precision, recall, and F-1 score on the classification of suicide-risk tweets. BERT had greater AUC-ROC and PR-AUC than the other two ANNs. The trained BERT was then used for the classification among historical tweets, and results suggested that the ratio of Twitter users who posted such contents increased (year 2011 to 2014) and then gradually decreased (2014 to 2021).

CONCLUSIONS

BERT appears to outperform CNN and LSTM in classifying suicide-risk tweets. Its classification results for past-decade historical tweets were aligned with the national survey data on suicide-related psychiatric symptoms (i.e., depression). Future suicide prevention would benefit from applying ANNs to identify users with suicide risks on social media and offer timely online interventions.
The pathogenetic role of some cytokines in the development and course of various clinical forms of urinary tract infections in children
Authors: Lezhenko H.O. , Zakharchenko N.A.
Published: September 2022

Background. The purpose of the research: to study the content of interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 cytokines in the blood serum of children with urinary tract infection and to establish their pathogenetic role in the development of various clinical forms of the disease. Materials and methods. The study groups consisted of 84 children (mean age of 10.0 ± 1.3 years). The main group was divided into subgroups: the first one — 17 children with acute pyelonephritis, the second — 21 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, the third — 16 children with acute cystitis, the fourth subgroup — 10 patients with unspecified urinary tract infections. The control group included 20 relatively healthy children. The content of interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It was established that the development of acute urinary tract infections was accompanied by a high level of serum pro-inflammatory interleukin-6. We found the highest level in children with cystitis, which exceeded that of the control group by 2.8 times (р < 0.01). In children with acute pyelonephritis, this cytokine was 1.8 times higher (р < 0.05). However, patients with chronic pyelonephritis had only a tendency towards its increase (p > 0.05). Interleukin-15 in the main group was statistically higher than in controls (р < 0.05). In children of subgroups 3 and 4, its level did not differ from that of the control group (p > 0.05). However, in subgroups 1 (р < 0.05) and 2 (р < 0.01), we observed a statistically significant increase in interleukin-15 level. A direct correlation between interleukin-15 content and disease duration (r = 0.64, р < 0.05) was also found. Conclusions. The development of an acute inflammatory process in the urinary tract in children occurs against the background of a marked increase in the expression of interleukin-6, while a chronic inflammatory process develops with a statistically significant increase in the level of interleukin-15 in blood serum.
Risk factors for the development of retinopathy in premature infants
Authors: Obolonska O.Yu. , Vakulenko L.I. , Badogina L.P. , Obolonskyi O.I. , Likhachova I.A. , Kovryga O.V.
Published: September 2022

Background. Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the disabling conditions in premature babies. Despite the fact that the main predictors for the development of retinopathy of prematurity are known, the factors that can potentially cause it require further study. The purpose was to determine risk factors for the development of retinopathy in premature newborns for better control. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 50 medical records of inpatient premature babies with a gestational age of 28–34 weeks and the medical charts of their mothers was carried out. Two groups were distinguished: the first one — 29 children with retinopathy, the second one — 21 patient without retinopathy. Results. The vast majority of children — 38 (76.0 %) were born at a gestational age of 28–31 weeks. Differences between groups were not significant. The analysis showed that 14 (48.3 %) premature children were diagnosed with stage I retinopathy, 6 (20.7 %) — with stage II, 5 (17.2 %) — with stage ІІІ and 4 (13.8 %) — with stage IV. The most influential risk factors for the development of retinopathy of prematurity were identified. The presence of retinopathy significantly correlated with gestational age of less than 34 weeks (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.001), need for oxygen subsidy ≥ 40 % (ρ = 0.59, р < 0.001), development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (ρ = 0.34, р < 0.01), sepsis (ρ = 0.59, р < 0.001), intraventricular hemorrhages (ρ = 0.56, р < 0.001). It was also found that the presence of a burdened maternal history in the form of chronic foci of infection and chorioamnionitis is a significant risk factor for the development of retinopathy (ρ = 0.56, р < 0.001). Moreover, the presence of an infection in the mother increased the risk of retinopathy stage III–IV in a child by 3.8 times (p < 0.05), and stage I–II retinopathy — by 5 times. With a combination of chorioamnionitis and chronic foci of infection, the risk of developing severe retinopathy was almost 95 % (р < 0.007). Conclusions. Burdened maternal history in the form of chronic foci of infection and/or choriamnionitis is an important risk factor for the development of retinopathy in children. Chorioamnionitis is a predictor of severe retinopathy. Treatment of chronic foci of infection in pregnant women should be considered as a mandatory measure to prevent retinopathy in premature newborns.
Mechanisms of action of cytoplasmic microRNAs. Part 2. MicroRNA-mediated post-translational silencing
Authors: Abaturov A.E. , Babуch V.L.
Published: September 2022

The scientific review presents the mechanisms of action of cytoplasmic miRNAs, namely miRNA-mediated posttranslational silencing. To write the article, information was searched using Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka databases. It is stated that protein synthesis is a complex process which involved many regulators. It is known that the translation process consists of three main stages: initiation, elongation of the polypeptide chain and termination. It is presented that dozens of “basic” factors and numerous accessory proteins, both regulators and repressors of the process, take part in the translation initiation. The authors provide a kinetic model proposed by Christopher S. Fraser. According to this model, translation initiation is a ranked process. It is emphasized that subsequently the ribosome interacts with the beginning of the coding nucleotide sequence of mRNA. Modifications of nucleotides by elongation factors in the anticodon of tRNA regulate the dynamics of ribosome function and, thus, fine-tune the rate of protein synthesis. The authors state that translation termination is induced by the interaction of the decoding A-region of the ribosome with one of the three stop codons (UAA, UAG or UGA) of mRNA. “Termination factors” are also involved in the termination of translation. Scientists say that the main factors that regulate the functional activity of mRNA act on the cap and poly(A)tail, which protects mRNA from exonuclease action. Thus, various proteins surround mRNA molecule in the cell and support the existence and functional activity of mRNA. Each mRNA region interacts with a specific spectrum of RNA-binding proteins. The initiation of translation is a ranked process and is inextricably linked with mRNA degradation. It is widely believed that translation is largely controlled during the initiation period. The mechanism of silencing caused by mRNA degradation depends on the size of the complementary region.
MI RISK ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS USING THE EZ-CVD RISK ASSESSMENT TOOL
Authors: C VENNELA , ADEPU RAMESH , D DHARMENDER , D MOUNIKA , G VASANTHA , AR SAI PAWAN
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the myocardial infarction (MI) risk chances among individuals in the productive age group using easy cardiovascular disease (EZ-CVD) risk assessment tool.
Methods: This is a prospective observational and interventional study conducted for 6 months after obtaining the Institutional Human Ethics Committee approval. EZ-CVD risk assessment tool was used in this study which includes six self-reporting questionaries’ such as age, gender, history of diabetes, history of smoking, history of hypertension, and family history of heart attack at the age of 60 or younger. A score of 6 or greater is considered as patients are at high risk of having MI.
Results: Sixty subjects were enrolled in to this study using the inclusion criteria. Among them, 36 were male and 24 individuals were female. Out of sixty recruited, 23 found having high risk for MI attack and 37 were at low risk of having chances of further MI.
Conclusion: The study conclude that EZ-CVD risk assessment tool was found useful to predict the occurrence of future MI.
PREDICTORS OF EARLY POST-OPERATIVE TRANSIENT URINARY INCONTINENCE AFTER HOLMIUM LASER ENUCLEATION OF PROSTATE
Authors: TRIPATHI SOMESH , DIXIT PRIYA
Published: September 2022

Objective: Despite having various benefits, post-operative transient urine incontinence (TUI) is a significant consequence of holmium laser prostate enucleation (HoLEP) in a small percentage of patients. To manage benign prostatic hypertrophy, it is critical to establish predictive risk factors of early postoperative TUI after HoLEP.
Methods: One hundred participants participated in this hospital-based study over the course of 15 months in a tertiary care facility in Mohali and Punjab. All indoor benign prostatic hyperplasia patients who underwent HoLEP treatment from a single surgeon and were monitored for at least 3 months after the procedure made up the study population. Clinical information that was deemed pertinent was recorded.
Results: The study’s participants had an average age of 68.54 +/− 7.72 years. Patients who had experienced acute urine retention made up 48% of the population. Mean prostate size and mean International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were 64.19 ml and 28.35 ml, respectively, preoperatively. Diabetes mellitus, prostate volume (>58 cc), overall operation time (>131 min), enucleated prostate volume (42 g), total energy used (>154 kJ), and percentage decrease in prostate-specific antigen (60%) were all substantially linked to post-operative TUI. Total energy was found to be a predictor for post-operative TUI in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: The following factors were discovered to be statistically linked with postoperative TUI: Diabetes mellitus, prostate volume (>58 cc), total operation time (>131 min), enucleated prostate volume (42 g), total energy used (>154 kJ), and reduction in Prostate Specific Antigen (60%) Multivariate research revealed that the only independent predictor for post-operative TUI was total energy consumed.