bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Identification Test Methods for Triptorelin Acetate and Goserelin Acetate Substances using NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Moiseev S. V , Kuz’mina N. E. , Luttseva A. I.
Published: March 2019

The work is a continuation of the research on the use of NMR spectroscopy in the quality control of natural peptide hormone-based active substances and their synthetic analogues.The aimof the paper was to develop identification test methods for triptorelin acetate and goserelin acetate substances using NMR spectroscopy that does not require reference standards ‒ with the aim of using the newly developed test methods in pharmacopoeial analysis.Materials and methods:the procedure was developed using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (1H-1H gCOSY,1H-13C gHSQC,1H-13C gHMBC).Results:thestudy made it possible to assign1H and13C NMR signals to a specific molecular fragment, and to determine the amino acid composition of each oligopeptide.Conclusions:the authors drew up a table showing structural assignment of NMR signals, which makes it possible to use the NMR method for identification testing of triptorelin acetate and goserelin acetate substances without the use of pharmacopoeial reference standards. The study helped to determine the optimal temperature conditions for recording13C NMR spectra (27 °С and 50 °С for triptorelin acetate and goserelin acetate, respectively). It was demonstrated that13C NMR spectroscopy could be used for identification testing in pharmacopoeial analysis.
The Adverse Drug Reactions Registered During the Postmarketing Period
Authors: Shubnikova E. V. , Darmostukova M. A. , Bukatina T. M. , Kaperko D. A. , Velts N. Y. , Kazakov A. S. , Snegireva I. I. , Zhuravleva E. O. , Kutekhova G. V.
Published: March 2019

Efficacy, safety and biotransformation features of any drug are fully revealed during widely using. Therefore, postmarketing studies of the pharmacological properties of drugs are an integral component of pharmacovigilance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nature and frequency of drugs adverse reactions that have been reported in the post-marketing period, as well as a review of measures taken by foreign regulatory authorities to ensure the safety of use of these drugs. The results of monitoring the drug safety in the post-marketing period used in clinical practice during various time intervals are presented: from several years (atelizumab, daclizumab) to several decades (valproate, retinoids). The review included data from decisions of regulatory authorities, published in 2018. Recommendations from foreign sources on the rational use of drugs, ways to increase the benefit/risk ratio of adverse reactions when using drugs from different therapeutic groups and/or the need for changes in the instructions on their medical use due to changes in the safety profile are considered. These recommendations will be helpful to healthcare professionals, as well as persons authorized for pharmacovigilance by pharmaceutical companies. Particularly, this information may be of interest to rheumatologists, oncologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, as well as other physicians who use atezolizumab, tocilisumab, daclizumab, pomalidomide, valproate sodium and valproic acid, retinoids, clarithromycin, cotrimaxozol, cefalexine, hydroxycarbamide, ritonavir.
Malnutrition in Elderly Patients as a Complication of a Drug Therapy: Clinical Pharmacologist’s Point of View
Authors: Pereverzev A. P. , Tkacheva O. N. , Kotovskaya Y. V. , Ostroumova O. D.
Published: March 2019

Malnutrition is a patient’s condition with high relevance and importance for elderly patients (most often seen in very old patients >80 years old), since it is associated with a high risk of progressive worsening of their state, prolongation of hospitalization and death. Exposure to some drugs may increase the risk of malnutrition, especially in elderly patients. The purpose of this work is to provide an overview of the causes of malnutrition, focusing on the pharmacological risk factors, as well as to highlight the existing methods of correction of this condition. The authors show that one of the key reasons for developing drug-induced malnutrition is the patients exposure to drugs, that reduce appetite, cause nausea and vomiting, change taste and olfactory sensations, and have anticholinergic effects. Use of pharmacological (additional prescription of drugs for symptomatic therapy, changing the dose, deprescribing drugs, etc.), and nonpharmacological (diet therapy, adding artificial and natural identical flavors, etc.) treatment methods may help to improve state of patients with already developed pathological condition.
Learning Needs as a Reflection of Professional Interests among Health Experts
Authors: Goloenko N. G. , Yagudina R. I. , Kulikov A. Yu. , Serpik V. G. , Protsenko M. V. , Logvinyuc P. A.
Published: March 2019

Eurasian Economic Union claims single rules for pharmaceutical circulation it will the ground for organizing the single pharmaceutical market. Because of such changes all the specialist from pharmaceutical market have to know all the new legislations. For the purpose of raise the organization responsibilities for quality and safety pharmaceuticals. Market autorotation holder have to create pharmacovigilance system. In connection with it the framework of the social survey was to find out the educational needs in pharmacovigilance among the health experts. The results of polling showed that experts had diffi culties in preparing pharmacovigilance documents. Major of the pollees expressed a wish to complete educational training which will be dedicated to the system of pharmacovigilance. The social survey results shows: converts educational needs among the pollees from 23 to 65 %, it points that experts want to get more additional information and some practical cases for understanding some issues in pharmacovigilance system through workshops, educational programs.
The Financial Benefits and Burdens of Performance Funding in Higher Education
Authors: Hagood Lori Prince
Published: March 2019

Performance funding in higher education is intended to incentivize increased degree production at American colleges and universities by linking state funds directly to institutional outcomes. However, many critics suggest that such funding arrangements create systems of “winners and losers” by rewarding some institutions over others. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, this article explores the impact of performance funding on state appropriations and investigates the heterogeneous treatment effects across institution types. I find that performance funding consistently benefits high-resource institutions and imposes financial burdens on low-resource institutions. The theory of social construction and policy design illuminates the findings.
Lord’s Equity Theorem Revisited
Authors: van der Linden Wim J.
Published: March 2019

Lord’s (1980) equity theorem claims observed-score equating to be possible only when two test forms are perfectly reliable or strictly parallel. An analysis of its proof reveals use of an incorrect statistical assumption. The assumption does not invalidate the theorem itself though, which can be shown to follow directly from the discrete nature of the equating problem it addresses. But, surprisingly, an obvious relaxation of the problem is enough to obtain exactly the opposite result: As long as two test forms measure the same ability, they can always be equated, no matter their reliability, degree of parallelness, or even difference in length. Also, in spite of its lack of validity, the original proof of Lord’s theorem has an important interim result directly applicable to the problem of assembling a new test form pre-equated to an old form.
İstanbul Kentinde Silivri - Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı Arası Ulaşım Alternatiflerinin AHP TOPSIS Yöntemleri ile Analizi
Authors: GÖRÇÜN Ömer
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada İstanbul
kenti özelinde kentin iki en uzak noktası olan Silivri ve Sabiha Gökçen
Havalimanları arasında ulaşım olanaklarını ve tercih edilecek ulaşım
alternatiflerinin kullanıcılar tarafından seçilmesine etki eden faktörleri
analiz etmeyi hedeflenmektedir. Bu sayede en optimal ulaşım olanakları
belirlenerek bu alternatiflerin geliştirilmesi olanaklı olabilecektir. Her iki
nokta arasındaki ulaşım alternatifleri ve kullanıcıların tercihlerine etki eden
kriterlerin belirlenmesi ile ilgili olarak Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV)
yöntemleri arasında yer alan Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve İdeal Çözüme
Benzerlik Yaklaşımı Tekniği (TOPSIS) yöntemleri seçilmiş, bu yöntemler
kullanılarak belirlenen karar noktaları ve kriterler analiz edilmiştir. Bu
çalışma literatürde görülen eksikliklerin giderilmesi açısından katkı sağlayacağı
gibi, kentsel ulaşım sistemlerinde kullanıcılar, operatörler ve kamu
otoriteleri için elde edilecek sonuçların son derece ilgi çekebileceği, karar
alıcıların ulaştırma ile ilgili karar alırken bu çalışmanın sonuçlarını dikkate
alacakları düşünülmektedir. Nihai olarak, elde edilen sonuçlar çerçevesinde
ulaşım yatırımlarını daha rasyonel bir temelde gerçekleştirilebilmesi için
ulaşım yatırımları ile ilgili karar alıcılara en uygun ulaşım alternatifleri ve
kullanıcıların ulaşım türü seçiminde önem verdikleri kriterler gösterilmeye
çalışılmıştır.
3D anthropometric assessment and perception of male body morphology in relation to physical strength
Authors: Kordsmeyer Tobias L. , Stern Julia , Penke Lars
Published: March 2019

Objectives: The assessment of men’s physical strength is an important part of human social perception, for which observers rely on different kinds of cues. However, besides previous studies being limited in considerable ways, as yet there is no comprehensive investigation of a range of somatometric measures in relation to both objectively measured and observer-perceived physical strength using valid stimuli. Methods: We examined observer-perceptions of physical strength from 3D body scans of N = 165 men, the usage and validity of somatometric measures as cues to strength, differences between strength ratings from stimuli presented on computer monitors versus in real-life size using a projector, and between male and female observers.Results: A medium-sized correlation between measured and perceived strength was found, partly mediated by target men’s chest-to-hip ratio, body density, ankle girth, height, upper arm and forearm girth. No significant differences between men’s and women’s strength perceptions or the method of stimuli presentation (computer monitor vs. projector) emerged.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that men’s physical strength can be assessed with moderate accuracy from 3D body models and that some somatometric measures represent valid cues, which were used by observers, positively predicting both measured and perceived physical strength.
Culture without copying or selection
Authors: Acerbi Alberto , Charbonneau Mathieu , Miton Helena , Scott-Phillips Thom
Published: March 2019

What causes cultural stability? Culture can be studied as an evolving system, and the comparison between biological and cultural evolution has inspired a productive research agenda in which cultural stability is commonly attributed to the existence of mechanisms of high-fidelity cultural transmission. Other researchers have argued that no such copying processes are necessary to explain cultural stability, and that stability can also emerge as a by-product of convergent transformation (in which an item causes the production of another item whose form tends to deviate from that of the original item in a non random way). To investigate this issue, we present a series of stochastic simulation models of cultural evolution that make no prior assumptions about the type of processes by which cultural units propagate through a population. Results show that cultural stability can emerge and be maintained by convergent transformation alone, even in the absence of any form of copying or selection process. We also show that high-fidelity copying and convergent transformation are, contrary to some previous arguments, not opposing forces, and can in fact jointly contribute to cultural stability. Finally, we analyse how convergent transformation and high-fidelity copying can have different evolutionary signatures at the level of the population, and hence how their differing effects can be distinguished in the empirical record. Our models can be read as formalisations of Cultural Attraction Theory.
tugas adm pertemuan 1
Authors: kusuma widya ayunidia , Afriansyah Hade
Published: March 2019

widya ayunidia kusuma (16053071)
FAKTOR TEKNIS PENANGKAPAN TERHADAP DAMPAK TEKANAN POPULASI IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) DI PERAIRAN LAUT FLORES
Authors: Asruddin
Published: March 2019

Abstract This research aims to know the capabilities of the fishing gear and skipjack tuna CPUE levels in the Flores Sea. The research method used direct observation in the field by following the arrest operations and conduct interviews to the fisherman of purse seine semi-active, purse seine active and drift gill net. The analysis used in this research is measuring the fishing gear ability and levels of CPUE skipjack tuna in the Flores Sea. Based on the percentage of capture ability of skipjack tuna obtained that the highest capture capability is on purse sein semi-active fishing gear where to catch the skipjack tuna by 0.36 kg in one minute. Based on the analysis of the CPUE of skipjack tuna in the Flores sea from 2007-2012, skipjack tuna production has an increase the calculation of MSY (Maximum Sustainable Yield) of 2464.8 tons. Meanwhile, in 2012 skipjack tuna production have overfishing from the MSY. The population of skipjack tuna in the Flores sea is likely to have pressured by technical factors of fishing. Keywords : Impact of technology, skipjack population,, Flores Sea Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan alat tangkap ikan cakalang dan tingkat CPUE ikan cakalang di Perairan Laut Flores. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pengamatan langsung di lapangan dengan mengikuti kegiatan operasi penangkapan dan melakukan wawancara kepada nelayan pukat cincin semi aktif, pukat cincin aktif dan jaring insang hanyut. Hasil analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu pengukuran kemampuan alat tangkap dan Tingkat CPUE ikan cakalang di Perairan Laut Flores. Berdasarkan persentase kemampuan tangkap terhadap ikan cakalang diperoleh bahwa Kemampuan tangkap yang tertinggi terdapat pada alat tangkap pukat cincin semi aktif dimana dapat menangkap ikan cakalang sebesar 0,36 kg dalam satu menitnya. Berdasarkan analisis tingkat CPUE ikan cakalang di Laut Flores dari tahun 2007-2012, produksi ikan cakalang telah mengalami peningkatan hasil perhitungan MSY (Maksimum Sustainable Yield) yaitu sebesar 2464,8 ton sementara itu pada tahun 2012 tingkat produksi ikan cakalang telah melebihi nilai MSYnya. Populasi ikan cakalang di perairan laut flores cenderung telah mengalami tekanan oleh faktor teknis penangkapan ikan. Kata kunci: Kemampuan tangkap, tingkat CPUE, Populasi Ikan Cakalang
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN IKAN NILA GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) DENGAN PROPORSI PROTEIN PAKAN YANG BERBEDA
Authors: febriyanti titin liana
Published: March 2019

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has economic value due to high consumer demand, relatively affordable price, favorable taste and high tolerance to the environment. Constraints faced by farmers is the high feed prices because raw materials such as fish meal is still imported. So need to find alternative raw materials such as golden snail flour which has a cheap price. The purpose of this study is to analyze the proportion of the right golden snail flour in the fish feed so as to provide maximum growth rate for the seeds of tilapia gift. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments with 3 replications. The parameters observed were growth rate and feed efficiency. The experimental results showed that the C treatment (0.19 g/day) was the highest growth rate and the highest feed efficiency in treatment C was 88.03%. Keywords: tilapia, mas snail flour, growth rate, and feed efficiency Abstrak Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) memiliki nilai ekonomis karena permintaan konsumen yang tinggi, harga yang relatif terjangkau, rasa yang digemari dan memiliki toleransi yang tinggi terhadap lingkungan. Kendala yang dihadapi petani adalah harga pakan yang tinggi karena bahan baku seperti tepung ikan masih di impor. Maka perlu mencari bahan baku alternatif seperti tepung keong mas yang memiliki harga yang murah.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis proporsi tepung keong mas yang tepat dalam pakan ikan sehingga mampu memberikan laju pertumbuhan yang maksimal bagi benih ikan nila gift. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah laju pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C (0,19 g/hari) merupakan laju pertumbuhan yang tertinggi dan efesiensi pakan tertinggi pada perlakuan C yaitu 88,03 %. Kata Kunci: ikan nila, tepung keong mas, laju pertumbuhan, dan efisiensi pakan
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PPKnKELAS RENDAH SD/MI
Authors: rambe nurul hidayah
Published: March 2019

Perkembangan teknologi memacu pendidik untuk mengaplikasikan model-model pembelajaran terbaru dan terbaik terutama di PPKn dan harus kita jadikan acuan dalam resolusi pendidikan sekarang ini.
PEMANFAATAN KEONG MAS (Pomacea caniculata) SEBAGAI SUMBER BAHAN BAKU PAKAN IKAN
Authors: febriyanti titin liana
Published: March 2019

Fish growth is influenced by several factors, one of which is feed. To overcome the high price of feed, the cultivators need to find alternative raw materials as a substitute for fish meal. One source of animal protein that can be a substitute for fish meal is mas snail flour (Pomacea caniculata). The purpose of this study is to know the benefits of snail pests as a source of raw materials of fish feed, knowing the best formulation for fish feed and to determine which protein content is best in fish feed. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments with 3 replications. From the research results can be seen that the best formulation is the C treatment of 50% fish meal and 50% golden snail flour, with the highest protein content of 34.26%. Keywords: Feed, snail mas, formulation, and protein. Abstrak Pertumbuhan ikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah pakan. Untuk mengatasi tingginya harga pakan, maka pembudidaya perlu mencari bahan baku alternatif sebagai pengganti tepung ikan. Salah satu sumber protein hewani yang dapat menjadi pengganti tepung ikan adalah tepung keong mas (Pomacea caniculata). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat hama keong mas sebagai sumber bahan baku pakan ikan, mengetahui formulasi yang terbaik untuk pakan ikan dan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein mana yang terbaik pada pakan ikan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa formulasi yang terabaik adalah perlakuan C yaitu 50% tepung ikan dan 50% tepung keong mas, dengan kandungan proteinnya yang tertinggi yaitu 34,26%. Kata kunci: Pakan, keong mas, formulasi, dan protein.
People weigh Salaries More than Ratios in Judgments of Income Inequality, Fairness, and Demands for Redistribution
Authors: Ziano Ignazio , Lembregts Christophe , Pandelaere Mario
Published: March 2019

Five experiments (total n = 2422, with U.S. American and French participants, four preregistered) show that people are more likely to use median salaries rather than CEO-median employee compensation ratios when making inequality and fairness judgments based on company compensation data. In separate evaluation of companies, we find no significant impact of compensation ratios, which express objective levels of income inequality, but a significant impact of median salaries. In joint evaluation, ratios have an impact, but median salaries have a bigger impact. Our results point to a difference between normative and actual inequality indicators: people do not perceive inequality based on a normative indicator of inequality (compensation ratios), but rather use representative workers’ salaries, and believe lower representative wages are connected to higher inequality. We discuss theoretical implications for the psychological understanding of economic inequality, and practical implications for the regulation of the presentation of compensation data.
Does increased interdisciplinary contact among hard and social scientists help or hinder interdisciplinary research?
Authors: Urbanska Karolina , Huet Sylvie , Guimond Serge
Published: March 2019

Scientists across disciplines must often work together to address pressing global issues facing our societies. For interdisciplinary projects to flourish, scientists must recognise the potential contribution of other disciplines in answering key research questions. Recent research suggested that social sciences may be appreciated less than hard sciences overall. Building on the extensive evidence of ingroup bias and ethnocentrism in intergroup relations, however, one could also expect scientists, especially those belonging to high status disciplines, to play down the contributions of other disciplines to important research questions. The focus of the present research was to investigate how hard and social scientists perceive one another and the impact of interdisciplinary collaborations on these perceptions. We surveyed 280 scientists at Wave 1 and with 129 of them followed up at Wave 2 to establish how ongoing interdisciplinary collaborations underpinned perceptions of other disciplines. Based on Wave 1 data, scientists who report having interdisciplinary experiences more frequently are also more likely to recognise the intellectual contribution of other disciplines and perceive more commonalities with them. However, in line with the intergroup bias literature, group membership in the more prestigious hard sciences is related to a stronger tendency to downplay the intellectual contribution of social science disciplines compared to other hard science disciplines. This bias was not present among social scientists who produced very similar evaluation of contribution of hard and social science disciplines. Finally, using both waves of the survey, the social network comparison of discipline pairs shows that asymmetries in the evaluation of other disciplines are only present among discipline pairs that do not have any experience of collaborating with one another. These results point to the need for policies that incentivise new collaborations between hard and social scientists and foster interdisciplinary contact. Data and supplementary materials [DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YNERZ].
Rinse and repeat: understanding the value of replication across different ways of knowing
Authors: Penders Bart , Holbrook J. Britt , de Rijcke Sarah
Published: March 2019

The increasing pursuit of replicable research and actual replication of research is a political project that articulates a very specific technology of accountability for science. This project was initiated in response to concerns about the openness and trustworthiness of science and is applicable and valuable in many fields. Here, we argue that this value cannot be extended everywhere, since the epistemic content of fields, as well as their accountability infrastructures, differ. Furthermore, we argue that there are limits to replicability across all fields; but in some fields, including parts of the humanities, these limits severely undermine the value of replication to account for the value of research.
Comparison of endotracheal tube cuff inflation techniques by stethoscope and “just seal” method in patients undergoing surgeries under general anesthesia
Authors: Rajbhandari Mona , KC Nagendra Bahadur , Kunwar Bhuban Raj , Shah Bindu Laxmi
Published: March 2019

Background: Overinflation of the endotracheal tube cuff affects tracheal mucosa blood supply that causes postoperative complications like cough, sore throat and hoarseness. There is no standard cuff inflation technique that produces appropriate cuff pressure. The aim of this study was to find out better technique of cuff inflation that will produce adequate pressure with limited complication using stethoscope guided and “just seal”.

Methods: This was prospective, randomized single blinded study of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) I and II patients of 18-65 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation. Group J (n=50) received ‘just seal’ method of tracheal cuff inflation where air was introduced into cuff until audible leak at mouth disappeared and Group S (n=50) received stethoscope-guided tracheal cuff inflation where air was introduced into cuff until harsh breath sound changed to soft while listening with stethoscope bell over the thyroid cartilage. Volume of air in endotracheal tube cuff, cuff pressure following inflation and post-operative sore throat, hoarseness and cough at 24 hour were assessed.

Results: Demographic details, mean volume of air in cuff, mean cuff pressure and incidence of postoperative adverse effects like sore throat, hoarseness and cough at 24 hours between the groups were comparable.

Conclusion: Both the stethoscope guided and “just seal” cuff inflation techniques were equally effective in producing adequate cuff pressure of 20-30 cmH2O with limited complication.
Case of anesthetic management of a patient with sickle cell disease for pericardiectomy: anterior pericardiotomy and avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Parajuli Santosh Sharma
Published: March 2019

Patients having sickle cell disease can land up to the anesthetist for various purposes like surgery, acute pain management and intensive care for acute respiratory failure. Our case was of a 20-year-old female patient presented with anemia and symptoms of constrictive pericarditis. Following investigations, which were also suggestive of sickle cell disease, she was planned for pericardiectomy under general anesthesia. We performed anterior pericardiectomy rather than a complete pericardiotomy to avoid cardiopulmonary bypass and to decrease the chance of postoperative complications.
PRB Stick to facilitate stabilization of ultrasound probe and prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorder
Authors: Bhattarai Prajjwal Raj , Regmi Ashim
Published: March 2019

The authors propose a stabilizing aid to support arm of anesthesiologist during ultrasound guided procedures in the operating room.
An unusual case of Cervical intramedullary neurocysticercosis mimicking ependymoma
Authors: Phuyal Suman , Rajbhandari Binod , Sedain Gopal , Shilpakar Sushil Krishna
Published: March 2019

Neurocysticercosis is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system, caused by larvae of Taeniasolium. Cysticercosis of spine is less common compared to that of brain itself. Anatomically, spinal cysticercosis can be classified as extraspinal (vertebral) or intraspinal (epidural, subdural, arachnoid, or intramedullary), where intramedullary type is extremely rare. Isolated spinal intramedullary neurocysticercosis without brain involvement is even rarer. Preoperative diagnosis of cystericosis within the cord maybe difficult; and the clinical and radiographic features may mimick that of more common intramedullary tumor. Here, we present a rare case of cervical intramedullary neurocysticercosis in an adult, presenting with progressive limb weakness, mimicking spinal ependymoma, clinically and radiographically and only diagnosed histopathologically after surgery.
The East Is Least: The Stereotypical Imagining of Essos in Game of Thrones
Authors: Hardy Mat
Published: March 2019

While Game of Thrones may appear to offer an avenue of escape to an imaginary realm, in its representation of race and geography, this fantasy universe simply reinforces existing preoccupations of our actual world. An example of this is in the representation of the Eastern lands and cultures in the story. The link between Eastern cultures and depravity has been part of Western imagining of the “Orient” for centuries, and the peoples of the Middle East are generally depicted as “fallen” compared with the more honourable denizens of the West; this occurs in fantasy literature, as well. This article examines the dynamics of ethnic and geographic representation in Game of Thrones from the perspective of Edward Said’s Orientalism and the historical foundations of Western depictions of the Middle East. It argues that despite the reputation of the series as ground-breaking escapism, its depiction of Eastern peoples is anything but.
A critical analysis of the X-ray diffraction intensities in concentrated multicomponent alloys
Authors: Naorem Rameshwari , Gupta Anshul , Mantri Sukriti , Sethi Gurjyot , ManiKrishna K. V. , Pala Raj , Balani Kantesh , Subramaniam Anandh
Published: March 2019

The decrease in the X-ray diffraction Bragg peak intensity from concentrated multicomponent alloys (CMA), has been modeled in literature akin to the effect of temperature. In the current work, experiments and computations are used to comprehend the effect of atomic disorder in CMA on the Bragg peaks of powder diffraction patterns. Ni–Co–Fe–Cr–Mn and Cu–Ni–Co–Fe–V have been used as model systems for the study. It is proved that the intensity decrease is not insignificant, but is not anomalous either. A recipe is evolved to compare the Bragg peak intensities across the alloys of a CMA. It is demonstrated that it is incorrect to model the effect of an increase in atomic disorder in a CMA, as a temperature effect. A ‘good measure’ of lattice distortion is identified and further it is established that full width half maximum is a good measure of the bond length distortion. It is demonstrated that the true strain due to bond length distortion is of significantly lower magnitude than that given by a priori measures of lattice strain. In the scheme of categorization of defects in crystals, it is argued that CMA is a separate class (as distinct from type-I and type-II defects); which should be construed as a defected solid, rather than a defect in a solid.
Deformation response and microstructural evolution of as-cast Mg alloys AM30 and AM50 during hot compression
Authors: Bisht Anuj , Kamble Nikki , Kumar Lailesh , Avadhani G. S. , Roy Anish , Silberschmidt Vadim , Suwas Satyam
Published: March 2019

The present study deals with the hot deformation behaviour of as-cast Mg alloys AM30 and AM50. The alloys have been investigated for mechanical and microstructural evolution in the temperature range 423–623 K and strain rate range of 10−3–10 s−1. A safe processing domain is identified for as-cast AM30 and AM50 alloys from the strain rate sensitivity map. The deformed microstructure of both AM30 and AM50 alloy reveals the occurrence of dynamic recovery and recrystallization for temperature above 523 K. Although the two alloys show similar behaviour in the hot deformation regime, they deviate at 623 K and low strain rate, where AM30 is fully recrystallized while AM50 attains necklace structure after deformation. This is likely due to the difference in the rate of dynamic recovery in the two alloys owing to the difference in Al concentration. Continuous dynamic recrystallization was the recrystallization mechanism active in the processing regime as deduced from the EBSD investigation.
Implementing a Clinical Practice Change: Adopting the Nutrition Care Process
Authors: Carpenter Andrea , Mann Jordan , Yanchis Dianna , Campbell Alison , Bannister Louise , Vresk Laura
Published: March 2019

The Nutrition Care Process (NCP), created by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, provides a framework that encourages critical thinking and promotes uniform documentation by Registered Dietitians (RD). Additionally, it creates a link between the nutrition assessment, nutrition intervention, and the predicted or actual nutrition outcome. NCP has been integrated into a number of institutions in Canada and internationally. A committee of nonmanagement RDs at the Hospital for Sick Children led the Department of Clinical Dietetics in adopting the NCP. The committee developed and consecutively delivered a tailored education plan to 5 groups of RDs within the department. Additional resources were developed to complement the learning plan. The committee administered informal pre- and post-education surveys to measure outcomes. RDs reported receiving adequate training and felt confident implementing NCP into their practice. Adopting the NCP was well-received and RDs within the department continue to integrate it into their current practice.
How Can Dietitians Leverage Change for Sustainable Food Systems in Canada?
Authors: Carlsson Liesel , Callaghan Edith , Broman Göran
Published: March 2019

Purpose: In this paper, we begin to set out language defining sustainable food systems (SFS) in Canada, through the voices of dietitians, and identify leverage points where dietitians can affect change.

Methods: Dietitians of Canada members were invited to a Delphi Inquiry process; questions explored a vision of SFS in Canada, barriers to that vision, and actions. Results were independently analysed by 2 members of the research team who used the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development to structure the data.

Results: Fifty-eight members participated. The resultant vision describes a future food system in 15 thematic areas of the social and ecological systems. Barriers are described according to how they undermine sustainability. High-leverage actions areas included: (i) facilitating knowledge development within the profession and public, (ii) influencing organizational policy to support SFS, and (iii) and influencing public policy. Approaches to such action included: (i) facilitating cross-sectoral collaboration and (ii) applying reflexive approaches.

Conclusions: This research suggests a multidimensional understanding of food systems sustainability among dietitians. The vision provides some language to describe what dietitians mean by SFS and can be used as a compass point to orient action. Action areas and approaches have the potential to drive systemic change while avoiding unintended consequences.
Acceptability of Donor Human Milk in Muslim Populations in Canada
Authors: Clouthier Nicole , Ulrich Cindy , Hartman Dr. Brenda
Published: March 2019

Human milk is considered to be the best nutritional option for newborns. When a mother gives birth prematurely, she may have difficulty providing breast milk for her child. Pasteurized donor human milk (DM) is a better feeding alternative than preterm formula. Human milk banks in North America pool the milk from up to 5 women before distribution, a concept which does not pose a problem for most living in the Western world. Muslim families living in North America may reject the use of DM due to the idea of milk kinship and the anonymity of the donor. This paper aims to provide knowledge to Canadian clinicians on these Islamic religious beliefs relevant to DM and how they may impact their practice. Additionally, this paper provides Canadian clinicians with information to alleviate concerns Muslim families may have regarding the use of DM for their preterm infant.
STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS, QUALITY OF LIFE AND COPING STYLES AMONG BRAIN DISORDER PATIENTS
Authors: Das Priscilla
Published: March 2019

Objective: Brain and nervous system cancer incidence was one of the ten most common cancers in Malaysia. The study intends to model the structural relationship of MDD, anxiety disorders, other psychiatric disorders, quality of life, coping styles and their associated factors among neurological disorder (brain tumour / brain disorder) patients. Methods: The EORTC-Quality of Life, Brief COPE, Single Item Social Support, MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Patient Health Questionnaires were utilised in the study. Results: The multivariate normality kurtosis was 6.174 with c.r = 2.440 obtained in this SEM model. Chi-square normalized by degrees of freedom, (Ï‡Ì°2 /df) =1.086, p= 0.353. The RMSEA was 0.03, TLI = 0.988 and CFI =0.999 were obtained in the study. All 8 paths out of 10 paths were significant with p-values less than 0.05 (two-tailed) with R2 values ranging from 0.48 to 0.55 which indicates that the variance explained ranged from 48% for emotional functioning to 55% for severity of depression. The severity of MDD has positive relationship with insomnia and panic disorder lifetime and negative relationship with self distraction coping styles. Meanwhile emotional functioning had negative relationship with fatigue, venting and panic disorder lifetime and positive relationship with global health status. The emotional functioning also was correlated negatively with the severity of MDD (p < 0.005).  Conclusion: Therefore based on the path analysis, the main contributing factors of MDD severity were emotional functioning, insomnia, self distraction coping and panic disorder lifetime. The emotional functioning of the patients were influenced by the fatigue, global health status, venting coping styles and panic disorder lifetime and this increased the severity of MDD among the patients.  Therefore the role of quality of life and coping styles on depression and anxiety should not be neglected. The clinician, health psychologist, psychiatrist, and counselor in this country need to implement better treatments for the effected patients.
The impact of green purchasing capabilities and practices on firm sustainability
Authors: Foo Meow Yee , Kanapathy Kanagi , Zailani Suhaiza , Shaharudin Mohd. Rizaimy
Published: March 2019

The Conceptual framework of this study consists of the three main hypotheses to examine and reflect the positive relationship between the green purchasing capabilities ( integration, intra-organizational, innovative, financial and manufacturing)  and green purchasing practices (supplier selection, development, collaboration, and evaluation) on triple bottom line performance. (Environmental, economic and intangible performance). The results of the study revealed that green manufacturing, financial, intraorganisational, and integration capabilities have positive significant effects on green purchasing practices.  Nevertheless, innovation capabilities have no significant effect on green purchasing practices. On the other hand, the survey results indicate that green purchasing practices have positive effects on the triple bottom line performance of the firms. The research finding shows that there is a positive effect of green manufacturing capabilities, green integration capabilities and green intraorganisational capabilities on the triple bottom line performance. Meanwhile, there is no effect of green innovative and green financial capabilities on the triple bottom line performance of the firms.
Shopping Decision Millennials and Baby Boomers In Indonesia E-Commerce
Authors: Sanny Lim , Gerardo Michael
Published: March 2019

Marketing strategy in E-Commerce companies is very important thing because along with the globalization, marketing also changed the way marketing used to be. E-Commerce can reach their consumers widely, so they need to approach their customer more with their strength and benefit especially in privacy concern (Bruseke, 2016). E-Commerce in Indonesia is growing up so fast because Indonesian people have a tendency to find cheaper prices and ease of shopping. E-Commerce business with a good marketing strategy focused on this demography should result in stable returns over the next few decade. Millennials are more dependent on their gadget. So itâ€™s very easy for millennial to access application to buy something from the internet. Itâ€™s also obvious that millennials have a different approach to shopping with the baby boomers. Millennials prefer more affordable price tag and fast shipping. Along with that baby boomers donâ€™t really mind about the price.
Can Halal Poultry be Trusted? A Study on Gen Y Non-Muslim Malaysia Consumersâ€™ Perspective
Authors: Teng Phuah Kit , Heng Bernard Lim Jit , Abdullah Siti Intan Nurdiana Wong
Published: March 2019

Malaysia has taken a lot of initiatives to promote its halal products through branding, promotion, e-commerce and distribution. However, this probably raises many problems and challenges especially in selling Halal poultry to non-Muslim consumers as non-Muslim Gen-Y Malaysian paid less attention to Halal logo food product since it is not their religious obligation to consume Halal food. Therefore, the study proposed seventeen hypothesis and the results indicate that there is a positive relationship between brand comprehension, stimulus ambiguity, awareness and consumer confidence level. Moreover, the results also indicate that consumersâ€™ attitude, motive, confidence level have positive relationship towards consumer choice. In other words, if the consumer have position attitude, motive and confidence towards Halal logo, they will purchase Halal poultry.
Examining Brand Loyalty & Brand Consciousness through the lens of Social Media Marketing
Authors: Ahmed Qazi Mohammed , Hussain Iftikhar
Published: March 2019

The study explores how social media marketing activities build brand loyalty and how this relationship is mediated through brand consciousness. The empirical investigation involves a self-administered and a structured questionnaire, distributed through a convenience sample of 320 under-graduate and graduate students. Data analysis was conducted through SPSS 23.0 for demographic comparisons and SmartPLS 3 for evaluating the measurement and structural model of the study. The findings show that social media marketing has a significant positive influence on brand loyalty but this relationship is partially mediated by brand consciousness. In the same manner, social media marketing exerts a significant positive impact on brand consciousness and resultantly, brand consciousness also exerts a significant positive impact on brand loyalty.  The results provide valuable insights for marketers in integrating social media as a driving tool for developing brand engagement strategies that not only provide awareness about products/services but also generate a cult following for them.
Impact of Prosocial Motives on Behavior of Employee; Moderated by Helping Instrumentalities
Authors: ATHER MUHAMMAD RAZZAQ , Hafeez Hafiza Amtul
Published: March 2019

This research is about the impact of Pro-Social Motives and Helping Behavior with moderating role of Helping Instrumentalities in employees of telecom sector working in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. There is a significant impact of prosocial value motives on helping behavior of and employee, and both helping instrumentalities (tangible and intangible rewards) strengthen the relationship between these variables
Online Food Delivery Service Quality: Does Personal Innovativeness Matter?
Authors: Yusra Yusra , Agus Arawati
Published: March 2019

The emergent of online food delivery (OFD) industry is valued as a new channel in food industry in order to grab more sales and shares and has promoted the competitiveness among the OFD players. Therefore, a sufficient understanding of the nature of the online service industry is very important for service providers in this emerging market. This study attempts to discover the characteristics and necessities of this online service. Using adapted questionnaire from M-S-QUAL (Huang et al., 2015), this study aims to examine the relationships between customers perceived service quality of online food delivery (OFD) and its influence on customer satisfaction and loyalty, moderated by personal innovativeness. The study proposed six hypothesis and results indicated the positive relationships between service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Whilst customer satisfaction partially mediates service quality and customer loyalty, personal innovativeness has a negative moderating effect on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.
The Practice of Instructional Leadership among Headmasters in The Southern Region of Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Roslizam , Ahmad Jamilah , Boon Yusof
Published: March 2019

This study aims to identify the level of instructional leadership practice among headmasters in three states in the Southern Region of Malaysia which are  Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor. This quantitative research uses survey research design by using instructional leadership questionnaire (ILQ). The alpha Cronbach value of the pilot study for this questionnaire is .962. 390 teachers were involved in this study and they were chosen through cluster sampling from simple random samples. Statistical analysis for this research had used the software IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. This research found that the headmasters in the Southern Region of Malaysia are practicing instructional leadership at medium high level, in which all three dimensions recorded the mean score value between 3.796 to 3.965. To conclude, instructional leadership has been practiced in the Southern Region schools in driving the school towards achieving the targeted vision and mission.
How Does Politics Affect Higher Education In Pakistan
Authors: Sultana Naveed
Published: March 2019

Today, universities are highly politicized mostly in all matters (Karim, 2007). The effects of political parties and their leaders spoil the strong educational system. Political interference ignores talented people and supports their political supporters. Itâ€™s impossible to separate politics from education in Pakistan. The education system of Pakistan is headed by a minister of education who is a politician, not an educator. The educational policies of the whole education system are overwhelmingly impacted by political policies and practices the ruling party. Accordingly the existing study was intended to reveal the affects of politics on higher education in Pakistan. Therefore this study concluded that politics is a major factor which influences and does sometime very immoral things. Moreover, these political leaders make a lot of corruption in education, especially in Higher Education. From educational budgetary allocation to spending on it, allâ€‹ is under control of politics.
Teachersâ€™ Leadership Styles for Learning and Student Academic Press/Emphasis: A Weird Relationship?
Authors: KUNALAN HEMATHY , Ali Hairuddin Mohd. , Nordin Mohamad Sahari
Published: March 2019

This study proposed to address two research hypotheses; H1: Coercive (COE) and coaching (COA) leadership styles represent the leadership styles practices of the English subject teachers at the selected national secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and H2: There is a significant relationship between English subject teachersâ€™ leadership styles practices with the studentsâ€™ AP/AE in selected national secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The results showed that academic press/emphasis (AP/AE) is determined by leadership style practices particularly COA except COE. Interestingly there is strong evidence that almost all English subject teachers from all three selected schools understudy did not exhibit COE leadership style compared to COA which was the most influential predictor. They might probably try to avoid in practicing COE leadership style as this would create reinforcement patterns among the students. For this reason, Bass and Riggio (2006) described COE leadership style as the absence of leadership.