bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of salt restriction in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean diet for blood pressure reduction
Authors: Filippou Christina , Tatakis Fotis , Polyzos Dimitrios , Manta Eleni , Thomopoulos Costas , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Tsioufis Konstantinos
Published: January 2022

Despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatments, hypertension remains a major cause of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide since elevated blood pressure (BP) adversely influences cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Accordingly, the current hypertension guidelines recommend the adoption of dietary modifications in all subjects with suboptimal BP levels. These modifications include salt intake reduction and a healthy diet, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet or the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), independently of the underlying antihypertensive drug treatment. However, dietary modifications for BP reduction in adults with prehypertension or hypertension are usually examined as stand-alone interventions and, to a lesser extent, in combination with other dietary changes. The purpose of the present review was to summarize the evidence regarding the BP effect of salt restriction in the context of the DASH diet and the MedDiet. We also summarize the literature regarding the effects of these dietary modifications when they are applied as the only intervention for BP reduction in adults with and without hypertension and the potent physiological mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects on BP levels. Available data of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provided evidence about the significant BP-lowering effect of each one of these dietary strategies, especially among subjects with hypertension since they modulate various physiological mechanisms controlling BP. Salt reduction by 2.3 g per day in the DASH diet produces less than half of the effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (–3.0/–1.6 mmHg) as it does without the DASH diet (–6.7/–3.5 mmHg). Although their combined effect is not fully additive, low sodium intake and the DASH diet produce higher SBP/DBP reduction (–8.9/–4.5 mmHg) than each of these dietary regimens alone. It is yet unsettled whether this finding is also true for salt reduction in the MedDiet.
Integrated Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural (I-CBTE) therapy can transform outcomes of inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa in real life settings
Authors: Ayton Agnes , Ibrahim Ali , Ryan Sharon , Viljoen David , Tutisani Ellen , Gardner Lucy , Collins Lorna
Published: January 2022

Background Inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) often results in poor outcomes. To address this, the Oxford service has adapted the multistep enhanced cognitive behavioural (CBTE) treatment model, first developed in Italy, to an NHS setting.Aim: to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of Integrated CBTE (I-CBTE) with alternative treatment models in routine clinical practice.Methods This is a longitudinal cohort study, involving all adults with AN admitted from a geographical area in England covering a total population of 3.5 million between 2017-2020 using routinely collected data. We compared treatment as usual (TAU) with the Oxford model, which included: 1. short term planned admission with partial weight restoration; 2. I-CBTE (weight restoration defined as BMI 20, combined with 7 weeks day treatment followed by outpatient CBTE); 3. standalone inpatient CBTE. Primary outcome measures (min. 1 year after discharge from hospital) were defined as: 1. good outcome: BMI>19.5 and no binge purging behaviour; 2. poor outcome: BMI<19.5 and/or binge purging; 3. readmission; or 4. deceased.Secondary outcomes were BMI on admission and discharge, and length of stay. Results 212 patients were admitted to 15 specialist units in the UK depending on availability: 120 to Oxford and 92 elsewhere. The mean age: 28.9 (18-60) years, mean BMI: 14.4. There were no significant differences in baseline parameters between patients admitted to different units. Mean discharge BMI was >19.0 in the CBTE groups, 16.0 in the short admission and 17.0 in the TAU groups.At one year follow up, 70% of patients receiving I-CBTE maintained good outcomes, in contrast with <5% TAU or planned short admissions. Readmission rates were 14.3% vs ~60% (χ2=0.0000). Standalone CBTE had intermediate outcomes. The main predictor of good long-term outcome was I-CBTE.ConclusionsOur main finding is that in a real-life setting, I-CBTE has superior short- and long-term outcomes as compared with alternative inpatient treatment models. This was achievable regardless of age, and BMI on admission. Dissemination of I-CBTE across the care pathway has the potential to transform outcomes of inpatient treatment for this high-risk patient population and reduce personal and societal costs.
Lessons from Early COVID-19: Associations with Undergraduate Students’ Academic Performance, Social Life, and Mental Health in the United States
Authors: Nano Joseph , Ghaly Mina H. , Fan Wen
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on undergraduate students’ academic performance, social life, and mental health during the pandemic’s early stage, and evaluate potential correlates of stress, anxiety, and depression in relation to COVID-19. Participant data was collected as part of a survey that consisted of demographic questions, a DASS-21 questionnaire, and an open-ended question. The final sample consisted of 1077 full-time students in the United States.19%, 20%, and 28% of participants met the cutoff for “severe” and “extremely severe” levels of stress, anxiety, and depression according to DASS-21. During COVID-19, a significant increase in hours of sleep, and decrease in hours spent on extracurriculars and studying were observed. While talking to family was significantly associated with stress, anxiety, and depression, engaging in hobbies was only associated with depression.With the continued spread of COVID-19, it is critical for universities to adapt to the mental health needs of their students. Future institutional advancements should create treatment programs to ensure better academic and social outcomes.
Adverse events following immunization after COVISHIELD vaccination among Nepali population of eastern Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Surya Bahadur , Shakya Ayushma , Pokhrel Koirala Sujita , KC Heera , Koirala Puru
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Vaccines require continuous monitoring to increase their compliance, quality, and safety. We conducted this study to fulfill the research gap for the adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) after COVISHIED (ChAdOx1nCoV-19) vaccination among Nepali of eastern Nepal.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 25 Jan 2021 to Jul 2021 at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital of Morang, Nepal.  The data on COVISHIELD vaccine recipients at this center were analyzed for AEFI. Ethical clearance was obtained.
Result: Out of 167 vaccine recipients, the mean age was 28.08±7.35 y. The AEFI occurred in 122(73.1%) and 89(72.9%) who developed symptoms on the same day of vaccination. The AEFI symptoms were less common in males (OR 0.43; CI (0.19-0.96; P 0.03). In both sexes, the AEFI symptoms were reported on the same day of vaccination than the next day but it had no significant association.
Conclusion: The AEFI following COVISHIED vaccination was reported by 2/3rd recipients mostly on the same day of the vaccine and less common in males.
Business as Usual in Unusual Times
Authors: Krane Vibeke , Ausland Liv Hanson , Andvig Ellen , Klevan Trude
Published: January 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the daily lives and well-being of children and families. During the lockdown of Norway in spring 2020, many families were socially isolated and left with little support from their networks. Children and young people had limited contact with teachers, peers and other positive social contacts. The lockdown also affected the daily running of the Norwegian child welfare services (CWS), which are obliged to provide help and support to children at risk and their families.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how leaders and staff in the CWS balanced their two-part mandate to protect children from harm, and to provide support and care during the first lockdown in Norway.

Design and method: The study has a qualitative approach with a descriptive and explorative design. Thirty-six CWS workers and nine leaders participated. Focus groups, dyadic and individual qualitative interviews were used for data collection. The data were analysed with a thematic analysis.

Findings: 1) ‘Running the services during a pandemic’ deals with the practical organization of staff and child welfare cases, and 2) ‘The quality of child welfare work during lockdown’ describes qualitative aspects of the child welfare work.

Conclusions: The study revealed the prioritization of acute cases and a reduction in CWS contact with children and families. CWS staff worried about whether at-risk children were receiving the help they were entitled to. The study shows how the crisis led to innovative approaches and teleworking solutions. The CWS had to decide how to organize and run the services in a way that ensured both acute assessments and the long-term aspects of the CWS mandate. Considering the strain the long-term pandemic has placed on children at risk, the further organization and running of the CWS is of great importance.
Être psychologue au sein d’une équipe d’oncogénétique : défis, enjeux et limites autour de la place du « psy »
Authors: Claret B.
Published: January 2022

Le développement des séquençages génétiques tumoraux et constitutionnels, lié aux progrès technologiques récents, a permis d’améliorer les connaissances en oncogénétique et d’ouvrir de multiples champs de recherche de nouvelles mutations génétiques prédisposant aux cancers pédiatriques. Cet article questionne la place du psychologue au sein d’une équipe d’oncogénétique en pédiatrie, tant auprès des familles concernées par ces problématiques qu’auprès des soignants, mettant en avant la nécessité d’une pensée groupale et transdisciplinaire.
Loi de bioéthique du 2 août 2021 : vers un élargissement de la réalisation des tests génétiques tout en maintenant un devoir d’information
Authors: Stoppa-Lyonnet D.
Published: January 2022

La loi de bioéthique du 2 août 2021 a facilité la réalisation des tests génétiques tout en veillant à l’information des personnes concernées. Le législateur a introduit : 1) la réalisation de tests dans l’intérêt des apparentés à partir de matériels biologiques de personnes ne pouvant ou n’ayant pu exprimer leur volonté ; 2) l’accès à des données génétiques « incidentes » sans rapport avec la maladie explorée ; 3) la capacité de prescrire et rendre des résultats de tests génétiques par les conseillers en génétique et 4) l’obligation d’information en amont d’un test a priori non constitutionnel e l’identification possible d’une anomalie constitutionnelle.
Initial experience with magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound stereotactic surgery for central brain lesions in young adults
Authors: Tierney Travis S. , Alavian Kambiz N. , Altman Nolan , Bhatia Sanjiv , Duchowny Michael , Hyslop Ann , Jayakar Prasanna , Resnick Trevor , Wang Shelly , Miller Ian , Ragheb John
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an incisionless procedure capable of thermoablation through the focus of multiple acoustic beams. Although MRgFUS is currently approved for the treatment of tremor in adults, its safety and feasibility profile for intracranial lesions in the pediatric and young adult population remains unknown.

METHODS

The long-term outcomes of a prospective single-center, single-arm trial of MRgFUS at Nicklaus Children’s Hospital in Miami, Florida, are presented. Patients 15–22 years of age with centrally located lesions were recruited, clinically consistent with WHO grade I tumors that require surgical intervention. This cohort consisted of 4 patients with hypothalamic hamartoma (HH), and 1 patient with tuberous sclerosis complex harboring a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA).

RESULTS

In each case, high-intensity FUS was used to target the intracranial lesion. Real-time MRI was used to monitor the thermoablations. Primary outcomes of interest were tolerability, feasibility, and safety of FUS. The radiographic ablation volume on intra- and postoperative MRI was also assessed. All 5 patients tolerated the procedure without any complications. Successful thermoablation was achieved in 4 of the 5 cases; the calcified SEGA was undertreated due to intratumor calcification, which prevented attainment of the target ablation temperature. The HHs underwent target tissue thermoablations that led to MR signal changes at the treatment site. For the patients harboring HHs, FUS thermoablations occurred without procedure-related complications and led to improvement in seizure control or hypothalamic hyperphagia. All 5 patients were discharged home on postoperative day 1 or 2, without any readmissions. There were no cases of hemorrhage, electrolyte derangement, endocrinopathy, or new neurological deficit in this cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

This experience demonstrates that FUS thermoablation of centrally located brain lesions in adolescents and young adults can be performed safely and that it provides therapeutic benefit for associated symptoms.
Estratégias neurolinguísticas para o desenvolvimento de competências cognitivas
Authors: Cabezas Marín Mila del Carmen , Álvarez Santos Alexandra Paola , Humanante cabrera Carlos Roberto , Ponce Solórzano Henry Xavier
Published: January 2022

O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar como a aplicação de estratégias neurolinguísticas estimula as habilidades cognitivas para melhorar a aprendizagem significativa através de um guia de estratégias em estudantes da oitava série do Centro de Educación Básica Fiscal N° 308 "Jaime Alfonso Nebot Velasco" localizado na paróquia Letamendi da cidade de Guayaquil, na província de Guayas. A abordagem é mista, pois a análise documental, o levantamento e a observação direta são usados para obter os dados. O escopo do estudo é determinado em uma população finita de 72 pessoas envolvidas, que têm características comuns, portanto não foi necessário utilizar uma fórmula; uma pesquisa foi aplicada a essa população e 8 observações em sala de aula foram feitas a fim de estabelecer as habilidades cognitivas básicas para o processamento de informações conhecidas e utilizadas pelos estudantes e, ao mesmo tempo, as estratégias neurolinguísticas utilizadas pelos professores e gerentes. O método estatístico de amostragem causal não probabilística é utilizado como um processo de obtenção, representação, simplificação, análise, interpretação e projeção das variáveis deste estudo; o desenho da pesquisa é analítico-sintético e o paradigma sócio-crítico é o que orientou esta pesquisa. Esta forma de fundir estratégias neurolinguísticas com a metodologia de processos, constitui a plataforma fundamental para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento, meta-conhecimento e habilidades cognitivas, meta-cognitivas, para a realização de um sistema de atitudes e valores próprios, fortemente ancorado em um pensamento lógico, crítico, criativo, equilibrado e significativo.
Utilization of Seawater in the Pretreatment and Saccharification of Seaweed
Authors: Dev Binita , Kambhampati Vivek , Balasubramanian P.
Published: January 2022

The growing need to cater to the energy demand coupled with the urge to mitigate greenhouse gas footprint in the energy sector has led to the exploration of biofuels, such as bioethanol, as a renewable and sustainable source. However, the desire for freshwater in bioethanol production is extremely high and hence it is considered as a high water footprint product. With the scarcity of ever-depleting fresh water resources and its huge consumption in biorefineries, it has become difficult to use fresh water for bioconversions. The use of abundantly available seawater as a substitute for freshwater was suggested to reduce the water footprint of bioethanol production. Furthermore, bioethanol production using seaweeds or macroalgal resources has shown great promise and significance in global sustainable development. Therefore, in the present study, pretreatment and saccharification of Chaetomorpha sp., a green seaweed, was carried out using seawater based reaction medium. The optimal pretreatment conditions were obtained using the microwave at 6.681% substrate loading, 1.487% NaOH and 7.724 min duration, which resulted in a maximum reducing sugar yield of 0.196 g/g. These findings reveal that seawater can produce comparably digestible solids to those of fresh water and can be used as an alternative to fresh water usage in biofuel production.
Prediction of Fractures and Cracks to Improve the Drilling Operations
Authors: Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Falih Khaldoon T. , Al-Nssairi Ahmed Kateb Jumaah , Alkadir Ola Kamal A. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Yang Li
Published: January 2022

The term fracture is defined in different ways in geology; some definitions have a defining aspect, while other definitions have dealt with this issue in more detail. There may be differences in appearance and strength that distinguish them from each other, generally in the drawings of an illustrator diagram. According to electrical logs such as formation micro-imager (FMI), fractures are seen in three vertical fractures, polygonal fractures and mechanical fractures. In this paper, different types and methods of diagnosis of each fracture were evaluated. Moreover, by showing examples of these fractures, especially mechanical fractures in the FMI tool’s images, we become practically acquainted with these construction features. According to the findings of this study, large open cracks cause considerable variations in dense, shear, and columnar values, and large vertical cracks are due to significant differences in shear tension.
Lack of Any Caregiving for Those with Dementia
Authors: Khan Noreen , Garcia Nelda , Mehdipanah Roshanak , Briceño Emily M. , Heeringa Steven G. , Levine Deborah A. , Gonzales Xavier F. , Langa Kenneth M. , Longoria Ruth , Morgenstern Lewis B.
Published: January 2022

Older adults with significant cognitive impairment require help with activities of daily living. The BASIC-Cognitive Project, set in Nueces County, Texas, is a community-based study examining trends in cognition among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Whites. Using cross-sectional data from a cohort study, we found that at least 7% of individuals aged 65 and older with a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score of < 20 (or < 15 for telephone MoCA), did not receive any caregiving help. This conservative estimate highlights an important community need for those with significant cognitive impairment and has implications regarding safety and care for older adults.
Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids Ameliorate Aβ25-35-Induced Synaptic Deficits by Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease Models
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Minghui , Wu Qin , Shi Jingshan
Published: January 2022

Background: Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) are effective in ameliorating cognitive deficit in SAMP8, AβPP/PS1, and LPS-induced AD animal models, and prevented Aβ-induced synaptic degeneration in cultured hippocampal neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Objective: This study investigated the protective effects of DNLA on synaptic damage in an Aβ25-35-induced rat AD model, in primary cortical neuron cultures, and in PC12 cells transfected with human AβPP695, focusing on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats received a single Aβ25-35 injection (10μg) into the bilateral hippocampi. DNLA (40 and 80 mg/kg/d) was intragastrically administrated 7 days prior to Aβ injection and continued for 28 days. The spatial learning and memory, synaptic morphology, synapse-related proteins, and Wnt signaling components GSK3β and β-catenin phosphorylation were evaluated. Rat primary cortical neuron cultures and AβPP695-PC12 cells were used to evaluate axonal mitochondria distribution, reactive oxygen species production, amyloidogenesis, and Wnt pathway in the protection. Results: DNLA ameliorated Aβ-induced cognitive impairment, increased the number of synapses, elevated the postsynaptic density thickness and expression of synapsin and PSD95 in the hippocampus, and suppressed Aβ-mediated GSK3β activity and the β-catenin phosphorylation. In primary neurons and AβPP695-PC12 cells, DNLA restored Aβ25-35 induced mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited reactive oxygen species production and amyloidogenesis. Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor Dkk-1 blocked the effect of DNLA on the expression of Aβ1-42 and PSD95. Conclusion: DNLA rescued Aβ-mediated synaptic and mitochondrial injury and inhibited amyloidogenesis in vivo and in vitro, probably through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to protect synaptic integrity.
Personal data protection in the age of mass surveillance
Authors: Hakkala Antti , Koskinen Jani
Published: January 2022

We present a solution to data ownership in the surveillance age in the form of an ethically sustainable framework for managing personal and person-derived data. This framework is based on the concept of Datenherrschaft – mastery over data that all natural persons should have on data they themselves produce or is derived thereof. We give numerous examples and tie cases to robust ethical analysis, and also discuss technological dimensions.
On solving the multilevel rough interval linear programming problem
Authors: Fathy E. , Ammar E. , Helmy M.A.
Published: January 2022

In real-world problems, the parameters of optimization problems are uncertain. A class of multilevel linear programming (MLLP) with uncertainty problem models cannot be determined exactly. Hence, in this paper, we are concerned with studying the uncertainty of MLLP problems. The main motivation of this paper is to obtain the solution to a multilevel rough interval linear programming (MLRILP) problem. To obtain that, we start turning the problem into its competent crisp equivalent using the interval method. Moreover, we rely on three methods to address the problem of multiple levels. First, by applying the constraint method in which upper levels give satisfactory solutions that are reasonable in rank order to the lower levels, second, by an interactive approach that uses the satisfaction test function, and third, by the fuzzy approach that is based on the concept of the tolerance membership function. A numerical example is given for illustration and to examine the validity of the approach. An application to deduce the optimality for the cost of the solid MLLP transportation problem in rough interval environment is presented.
Intelligent vehicle visual pose estimation algorithm based on deep learning and parallel computing for dynamic scenes
Authors: Li Jiwen , Lan Fengchong , Chen Jiqing
Published: January 2022

In view of the disadvantages of the existing pose estimation algorithm, which has low real-time performance and the positioning accuracy will be greatly reduced in dynamic scene, a compound deep learning and parallel computing algorithm (DP-PE) is proposed. The detection algorithm based on deep learning is used to detect dynamic objects in the environment, and the dynamic feature points are removed before the matching of feature points to reduce the impact of dynamic objects on the positioning accuracy; A method for distinguishing “pseudo-dynamic objects” is proposed to solve the problem that the stationary vehicles and pedestrians in the environment are regarded as dynamic objects. The parallel computing framework for feature point extraction and matching is established on CPU-GPU heterogeneous platform to speed up DP-PE; In the localization part of DP-PE, we propose a 3D interior point detection strategy to achieve parallel search of map points, and the saturated linear kernel function is used to act on reprojection error to realize the parallelization of pose optimization. We verify the algorithm on KITTI dataset, the experimental results show that average speedup ratio of feature point extraction and matching is 6.5 times, and the overall computational efficiency of DP-PE is about 7 times higher than that before acceleration, which can realize high precision and efficient pose estimation in dynamic scene.
RETRACTED: Fault detection of overhead contact systems based on multi-view Faster R-CNN
Authors: Zhang Xuewu , Jing Wenfeng
Published: January 2022

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
New correlation coefficients of Pythagorean fuzzy set and its application to extended TODIM method
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Jianping , Hu Junhua , Yao Zhihai , Yang Jian
Published: January 2022

With the increasing complexity of decision making (DM) problems, powerful mathematical tools are needed to represent and process fuzzy and uncertain DM information, and Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) is such a mathematical tool. PFS has been successfully applied in the field of fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (MCDM). Correlation coefficient is an information measure of PFS, and plays an important role in the application of PFS. At present, there is a problem that the existing correlation coefficients cannot moderately measure the correlation degree between PFSs, so this paper proposes the new correlation coefficients of PFS. The TODIM method has been proved to be effective in dealing with MCDM problems that consider the psychological behavior of decision makers. This paper extends the TODIM method with the new correlation coefficients of PFS, and the extended TODIM method is called Pythagorean fuzzy CC-TODIM method. By numerical examples, it is verified that the new correlation coefficients of PFS are more reasonable and valid. By case analysis, it is verified that the Pythagorean fuzzy CC-TODIM method can effectively solve the MCDM problems, and the Pythagorean fuzzy CC-TODIM method based on the new correlation coefficients is more accurate and reliable.
Major League Draft WARs: An Analysis of Wins Above Replacement in Player Selection
Authors: Conforti Christian M. , Crotin Ryan L. , Oseguera Jordan
Published: January 2022

Major League Baseball (MLB) teams have 20 rounds to select players with projectable ability to compete at the MLB level. In this exploratory study, players were evaluated for differences in Wins Above Replacement (WAR) related to draft round, first round pick, educational designation, and by team. It was hypothesized WAR differences exist by round, pick number, educational designation and by team. From 2005–2015, 1,623 players were examined to determine population differences owed to draft selection. First round draftees had greater average career WAR compared to Rounds 2 to 20. Collectively, the first five picks had greater WAR versus picks grouped 16 through 30. High school (HS) draft picks were selected in earlier rounds versus collegiate athletes and HS hitters displayed more WAR in first round versus 4-year college pitchers. WAR outcomes in the first 15 picks offer more success with greater performance of HS hitters versus 4-year college pitchers. These trends may influence the current landscape of scouting and draft selection in the new draft format that has reduced player selection from 40 to 20 rounds.
Comparative Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Alternate Schedule (AS) of Sunitinib in Asian and Non-Asian Patient Population for the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer (mRCC): A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Joshi Amit , Patel Ishan , Kapse Pratiksha , Singh Manmohan
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) using traditional schedule (TS, 4/2) of Sunitinib is associated with higher adverse effects compared to the alternate schedule (AS, 2/1 upfront or when switched from TS).

OBJECTIVE:

This meta-analysis aims to compare the safety, efficacy, and percentage of patients requiring dose reduction or dose interruption between Asian (AP) and non-Asian population (NAP) receiving AS of sunitinib.

METHODS:

Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) were searched to identify studies published in the English language between May 2009- May 2019, which included patients (>18 years) with mRCC receiving AS of sunitinib. Data were analyzed using the random effect model and t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

Of 1922, 16 studies were included (8 AP, 8 NAP). Among all grade AEs, mucositis (RR:0.22; 95% CI:0.12–0.40), cardiotoxicity (RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31–0.88), nausea (RR:0.21; 95% CI: 0.10–0.44), hand-foot syndrome (RR:0.33; 95% CI:0.13–0.83), rash (RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.34–0.79), and aspartate transaminase (RR:0.57; 95% CI:0.33–0.98) were more common in AP. Leukopenia (RR:2.57; 95% CI:1.47–4.49), proteinemia (RR:4.45; 95% CI:2.12–9.33), and stomatitis (RR:4.33; 95% CI:2.6–7.23) occurred more commonly in NAP. Further, PFS was significantly longer in NAP, while longer OS was observed in AP ( p < 0.001). Dose reduction was significantly higher in AP than NAP (52.08% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.0088).

CONCLUSION:

Safety profile of AS of sunitinib was similar with variations in the efficacy, dose reduction between AP and NAP. Sunitinib dose or schedule modification may mitigate AEs and enhance efficacy outcomes in mRCC by extending the treatment duration.
Density functional theory investigation of ozone gas uptake by a BeO nanoflake
Authors: Abdalkareem Jasim Saade , Yasin Ghulam , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Zarifi Kosar
Published: January 2022

Due to importance of the gas uptake topic in environment and energy issues, this work was performed for investigating ozone (Oz) gas uptake by means of a beryllium oxide (BeO) nanoflake. To this aim, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis were performed. The monolayer BeO nanoflake was decorated by a HEME-like N4Fe region to prepare an interacting region towards the Oz uptake. Accordingly, three models were optimized based on configurations of Oz molecule relaxation at the BeO surface, in which two types of O ... Fe and O ... N interactions were observed. In this case, Oz3@BeO model was involved with two mentioned types of interactions and three occurred interaction between Oz and BeO making it as the strongest bimolecular formation model of Oz@BeO. Moreover, electronic molecular orbital features indicated that the models formations could be also related to sensor functions by variations of electric conductivity because of Oz gas uptake. As a consequence, the investigated BeO nanoflake of this work was proposed for employing in Oz gas uptake for different purposes.
Study on imperatorin extracted from Angelica dahurica and its UV photocatalytic reaction with collagen
Authors: Jiang Wen , Zhou Xiaohua , Ni Ke
Published: January 2022

Soxhlet extraction method was used to extract imperatorin from Angelica dahurica, and the extraction ratio under different extraction condition was optimized to attain the best condition. Then, XAD-16 macroporous resin was selected as the optimal resin to boost the extraction ratio of imperatorin. Afterwards, the higher purity of imperatorin (96.84±0.2%) was separated by preparative HPLC system. Next, the photocatalytic reaction between the above imperatorin and collagen which the highest levels in skin was investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy, amino acid analysis and HPLC analysis. The results showed that imperatorin reacted with collagen only under ultraviolet light which caused the denaturation of collagen, and three new products were generated. The ultraviolet products were isolated by preparative HPLC system and separately detected by high-resolution mass spectrum. The possible UV photocatalytic reaction mechanism between imperatorin and collagen is that ultraviolet light induces the increase of the activity of the imperatorin to react with the tyrosine in the collagen, resulted in the denaturation of collagen and reestablish of the normal epidermal tissue in skin.
Double chelation of Iron through dimer formation of favipiravir: Density functional theory analysis
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Javed , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Abed Azher M. , Altimari Usama S. , Yasin Ghulam , Suksatan Wanich , Oudaha Khulood H. , Kadhim Mustafa M. , Jabbar Abdullah Hasan , Mustafa Yasser Fakri
Published: January 2022

This work was performed to examine an idea about full chelation of Iron (Fe) by well-known favipiravir (Fav) as a possible mechanism of action for medication of COVID-19 patients. To this aim, formations of Fe- mediated dimers of Fav were investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) computations of electronic and structural features for singular and dimer models. The results indicated that the models of dimers were suitable for formation, in which two cis (D1) and trans (D2) models were obtained regarding the configurations of two Fav counterparts towards each other. Energy results indicated that formation of D1 was slightly more favorable than formation of D2. Molecular orbital features affirmed hypothesized interacting sites of Fav for Fe-mediated dimers formations, in which atomic charges and other molecular orbital related representations affirmed such achievements. Moreover, detection of such dimer formation was also possible by monitoring variations of molecular orbitals features. As a consequence, formations of Fe-mediated dimers of Fav could be achievable for possible removal of excess of Fe as a proposed mechanism of action for Fav in medication of COVID-19 patients.
Synthesis of highly efficient selenium oxide hybridized g-C3N4 photocatalyst for NADH/NADPH regeneration to facilitate solar-to-chemical reaction
Authors: Yadav Shesh Nath , Kumar Brijesh , Yadav Rajesh K. , Singh Pooja , Gupta Sarvesh Kumar , Singh Satyam , Singh Chandani , Chaubey Surabhi , Singh Atul P.
Published: January 2022

An inexpensive graphitic carbon nitrite (g-C3N4) photocatalyst was hybridized with selenium oxide (SeO2) photocatalyst by a monolayer-dispersed technique. After hybridization of g-C3N4 with SeO2, the NADH/NADPH regeneration efficiency of SeO2 photocatalyst was enhanced under solar light illumination. The photocatalytic activity of SeO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst under solar light illumination was enhanced by 3-fold higher than g-C3N4 photocatalyst, the solar light photocatalytic activity was produced and the photo-decomposition of SeO2 photocatalyst was completely stifled after hybridized SeO2 photocatalyst by g-C3N4 photocatalyst. The improvement in performance and photo-decomposition inhibition under solar light illumination was persuaded by efficiency separation of photo-persuaded holes from SeO2 to the valence bond (V.B.)/highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of g-C3N4 under solar light illumination, the electron jumped from the V.B. to the conduction band (C.B.)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of g-C3N4 could directly insert into the C.B. of SeO2 photocatalyst, synthesized SeO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst is highly active for NADH/NADPH regeneration under solar light.
Semantics and canonicalisation of SPARQL 1.1
Authors: Salas Jaime , Hogan Aidan
Published: January 2022

We define a procedure for canonicalising SPARQL 1.1 queries. Specifically, given two input queries that return the same solutions modulo variable names over any RDF graph (which we call congruent queries), the canonicalisation procedure aims to rewrite both input queries to a syntactically canonical query that likewise returns the same results modulo variable renaming. The use-cases for such canonicalisation include caching, optimisation, redundancy elimination, question answering, and more besides. To begin, we formally define the semantics of the SPARQL 1.1 language, including features often overlooked in the literature. We then propose a canonicalisation procedure based on mapping a SPARQL query to an RDF graph, applying algebraic rewritings, removing redundancy, and then using canonical labelling techniques to produce a canonical form. Unfortunately a full canonicalisation procedure for SPARQL 1.1 queries would be undecidable. We rather propose a procedure that we prove to be sound and complete for a decidable fragment of monotone queries under both set and bag semantics, and that is sound but incomplete in the case of the full SPARQL 1.1 query language. Although the worst case of the procedure is super-exponential, our experiments show that it is efficient for real-world queries, and that such difficult cases are rare.
Components.js: Semantic dependency injection
Authors: Taelman Ruben , Van Herwegen Joachim , Vander Sande Miel , Verborgh Ruben
Published: January 2022

A common practice within object-oriented software is using composition to realize complex object behavior in a reusable way. Such compositions can be managed by Dependency Injection (DI), a popular technique in which components only depend on minimal interfaces and have their concrete dependencies passed into them. Instead of requiring program code, this separation enables describing the desired instantiations in declarative configuration files, such that objects can be wired together automatically at runtime. Configurations for existing DI frameworks typically only have local semantics, which limits their usage in other contexts. Yet some cases require configurations outside of their local scope, such as for the reproducibility of experiments, static program analysis, and semantic workflows. As such, there is a need for globally interoperable, addressable, and discoverable configurations, which can be achieved by leveraging Linked Data. We created Components.js as an open-source semantic DI framework for TypeScript and JavaScript applications, providing global semantics via Linked Data-based configuration files. In this article, we report on the Components.js framework by explaining its architecture and configuration, and discuss its impact by mentioning where and how applications use it. We show that Components.js is a stable framework that has seen significant uptake during the last couple of years. We recommend it for software projects that require high flexibility, configuration without code changes, sharing configurations with others, or applying these configurations in other contexts such as experimentation or static program analysis. We anticipate that Components.js will continue driving concrete research and development projects that require high degrees of customization to facilitate experimentation and testing, including the Comunica query engine and the Community Solid Server for decentralized data publication.
Trends in remote work: A science mapping study
Authors: Rampasso Izabela Simon , Santana Monica , Serafim Milena Pavan , Dibbern Thais , Rodrigues Edilson A. , Filho Walter Leal , Anholon Rosley
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic made workers suddenly change their routines and several companies adopted a remote work modality. This change quickly started to be analysed in academic literature. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform a scientific mapping on the theme “remote work” to highlight the prominent themes associated with the subject for 2020 and 2021, covering the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying mainly the “motor themes”, this study contributes to identify themes developed and relevant to the subjects analyzed. METHODS: An initial sample of 479 articles published in the analyzed period was listed from the Web of Science database. After analysing these articles, 186 were selected and were analyzed by Scimat software. Journals and references were also analyzed. RESULTS: The centrality and density indexes of the sub-themes “job-satisfaction” and “flexible-work” were more evidenced in the analysis, enabling the classification of these sub-themes directly as “motor themes”. Regarding the density index of the sub-theme, the classification “stress” was less seen. After a careful analysis of the articles content, it was verified that this is also a “motor theme”. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the three defined “motor themes”, they can be considered the most developed and important sub-themes of study in this field and, therefore, need to be well understood by new researchers in the field. In addition, these findings show that the mentioned sub-themes must be focused on by managers, considering the relevance that the literature attributes to them.
AI-driven deep convolutional neural networks for chest X-ray pathology identification
Authors: Albahli Saleh , Ahmad Hassan Yar Ghulam Nabi
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Chest X-ray images are widely used to detect many different lung diseases. However, reading chest X-ray images to accurately detect and classify different lung diseases by doctors is often difficult with large inter-reader variability. Thus, there is a huge demand for developing computer-aided automated schemes of chest X-ray images to help doctors more accurately and efficiently detect lung diseases depicting on chest X-ray images. OBJECTIVE: To develop convolution neural network (CNN) based deep learning models and compare their feasibility and performance to classify 14 chest diseases or pathology patterns based on chest X-rays. METHOD: Several CNN models pre-trained using ImageNet dataset are modified as transfer learning models and applied to classify between 14 different chest pathology and normal chest patterns depicting on chest X-ray images. In this process, a deep convolution generative adversarial network (DC-GAN) is also trained to mitigate the effects of small or imbalanced dataset and generate synthetic images to balance the dataset of different diseases. The classification models are trained and tested using a large dataset involving 91,324 frontal-view chest X-ray images. RESULTS: In this study, eight models are trained and compared. Among them, ResNet-152 model achieves an accuracy of 67% and 62% with and without data augmentation, respectively. Inception-V3, NasNetLarge, Xcaption, ResNet-50 and InceptionResNetV2 achieve accuracy of 68%, 62%, 66%, 66% and 54% respectively. Additionally, Resnet-152 with data augmentation achieves an accuracy of 83% but only for six classes. CONCLUSION: This study solves the problem of having fewer data by using GAN-based techniques to add synthetic images and demonstrates the feasibility of applying transfer learning CNN method to help classify 14 types of chest diseases depicting on chest X-ray images.
Zakat dan Keadilan Sosial
Authors: Sulaiman Rusydi
Published: January 2022

Sudah maklum bahwa zakat  dalam Islam adalah salah satu sumber ekonomi umat yang dikelola secara rutin dalam rangka menutupi kebutuhan hidup kelompok tertentu, khususnya al-Ashnaaf al-Tsamaniyah Agar lebih berdaya dari sebelumnya. Tak seorangpun yang menolak pemberlakuan ketetapan hukum syar’i zakat tersebut. Pemerintah Indonesia dari waktu ke waktu memberi sinyal positif terhadap perkembangannya. Dukungan tersebut dibuktikan dengan belakangan ini dikabulkannya gugatan uji materi UU Nomor 23/2011 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Hanya tiga pasal yang diubah, yaitu pasal 18, pasal 38 dan pasal 41.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Analitik ve Bütüncül Düşünme Tarzlarına Göre Çatışma Eylem Stillerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Akpolat Tuba , Oğuz Ebru
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada okul yöneticilerinin analitik ve bütüncül düşünme tarzlarına göre çatışma çözme stilleri incelenmektedir. Betimsel nitelikte olan bu çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2020-2021 öğretim yılında İstanbul İli Avcılar ve Bakırköy ilçelerinde çalışan uygun örnekleme ile belirlenmiş 183 okul yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Çatışma Eylem Stilleri Ölçeği ile Analitik ve Bütüncül Düşünme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda okul yöneticilerinin çoğunun bütüncül düşünme stiline sahip oldukları, okul yöneticilerinin en çok kullandığı çatışma eylem stilinin kolaylaştırıcı çatışma eylem stili olduğu, bütüncül düşünen okul yöneticilerinin analitik düşünen okul yöneticilerine göre daha çok kolaylaştırıcı ve uzlaştırıcı çatışma çözme eylem stillerini kullandıkları görülmüştür.
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Sözel Problem Çözerken Kullandıkları Görsel ve Görsel Olmayan Temsillerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Çilingir Altıner Emel , Önal Halil
Published: January 2022

Araştırmanın amacı, öğrencilerin problem çözerken kullandığı görsel ve görsel olmayan temsilleri belirlemek ve bu temsiller arasındaki varsayılan farklılıkların sözel problem çözme performansını yordayıp yordamadığını incelemektir. Araştırmada iç içe karma desen kullanılmıştır. Tematik ve ilişkisel desen kullanılmıştır.  Türkiye’nin Ankara ve Adana illerinde bulunan ilkokullarındaki 4. sınıf öğrencilerinden veriler toplanmıştır. Matematiksel İşlem Testi’ne verilen doğru ve yanlış cevaplar ve bu teste verilen çözümler incelenerek tercih edilen temsil türleri belirlenmiştir. Analizler sonuncunda testteki her bir problemin çözümünde sembolik temsil türü tercih edilmesine rağmen şematik temsil ile çözülmüş soruların doğru cevaplanma oranlarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanında araştırmadaki temsil türlerinden sadece şematik temsili tercih etmenin problem çözme performansını yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda ilkokul öğretmenlerinin sınıflarında matematiksel problem çözerken görsel temsilleri de çözüm yollarına dâhil etmeleri konusunda öğretmenlere eğitim verilebilir.
Türkiye’de Eğitim ve Öğretim Programları, Çevre Okuryazarlığının Gerçekleştirilmesini Ne Kadar Desteklemektedir?
Authors: Öz-Aydın Serap , Ekersoy Senem , Özkan Beyza
Published: January 2022

Çevre eğitiminin amacı, toplumdaki bireyleri çevre sorunları konusunda aktif katılım gösteren çevre okuryazarı bireyler yapmaktır. Eğitim ve öğretim programları da öğrencilerin çevre okuryazarlığı kazanmalarını amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesinden liseye eğitim ve öğretim programlarının kazanımlarının, çevre eğitimi amaçlarının kazandırılmasını ne kadar desteklediğini belirlemektir. İncelenen programlar, çevre eğitimi amaçlarının alt unsurları olan bilinç, bilgi, tutum, beceri, katılım kategorileri ve çevre eğitimi seviyelerine bağlı kalınarak, kazanımlar temelinde değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen programların kazanımlarının yaklaşık olarak yarısı bilgi kategorisine aittir. Programlarda çevre eğitimi açısından “ekolojik temeller” seviyesinin ön planda olduğu, “kavramsal bilinçlenme” ile “inceleme ve değerlendirme” seviyesinin kazanımlarla az da olsa desteklendiği ancak “sorun çözüm seviyesinin” gerçekleştirilmesinin mümkün olmadığı belirlenmiştir. İncelemiş olduğumuz öğretim programlarının çevre eğitim amaçları ile özellikle çevre eğitimi üst düzey hedef kazanımlarının tutarlı olmadığı görülmüştür. Eğer çevre sorunlarına çevre okuryazarlığı çerçevesinde davranış boyutunda yanıt verebilecek öğrenciler yetiştirilmek isteniyorsa, özellikle bazı programlarda öne çıkan eğitim sisteminin mevcut sosyal düzeni koruma ve baskın eğitim değerleri yaklaşımı ile çevre eğitiminin üst seviye hedeflerinin gerçekleşmesi için verilmesi gerekli eğitim yaklaşımı arasındaki çelişkilerin ortadan kaldırılarak; bilinç, beceri ve özellikle katılım kategorilerine ait kazanımlara programlarda planlı, aşamalı, yeterli sayı ve içerikte yer verilmelidir.