bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Artificial intelligence model in prediction of low back pain using T2 weighted MRI of Lumbar spine
Authors: Muhaimil Ali , Pendem Saikiran , Sampathilla Niranjana , P S Priya , Nayak Kaushik , Chadaga Krishnaraj , Goswami Anushree , M Obhuli Chandran , Shirlal Abhijit
Published: September 2024

Background Low back pain (LBP), the primary cause of disability, is the most common musculoskeletal disorder globally and the primary cause of disability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are inconclusive and less sensitive for identifying and classifying patients with LBP. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of artificial intelligence (AI) models in the prediction of LBP using T2 weighted MRI image of the lumbar spine. Methods This was a prospective case-control study. A total of 200 MRI patients (100 cases and controls each) referred for lumbar spine and whole spine screening were included. The scans were performed using 3.0 Tesla MRI (United Imaging Healthcare). T2 weighted images of the lumbar spine were segmented to extract radiomic features. Machine learning (ML) models, such as random forest, decision tree, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, adaboost, and deep learning methods (DL), such as ResNet and GoogleNet, were used, and performance measures were calculated. Results Our study showed that Random forest and AdaBoost are the most reliable ML models for predicting LBP. Random forest showed high performance with area under curve (AUC) values from 0.83 to 0.88 across all lumbar vertebrae and L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5 intervertebral discs (IVDs), with AUCs of 0.88 the highest at L5-S1 IVD (0.92). Adaboost demonstrated high performance at the L2-L5 vertebrae with AUC values of 0.82 to 0.90, with the highest AUC (0.97) at the L5-S1 IVD. Among the DL models, GoogleNet outperformed the other models at 30 epochs with an accuracy of 0.85, followed by ResNet 18 (30 epochs) with an accuracy of 0.84. Conclusion The study demonstrated that ML and DL models can effectively predict LBP from MRI T2 weighted image of the lumbar spine. ML and DL models could also enhance the diagnostic accuracy of LBP, potentially leading to better patient management and outcomes.
Implementation of the Requirements of the Federal Work Program of Basic General Education in Teaching Geometry
Authors: Vasileva M.
Published: September 2024

The article is based on the main key ideas of formation, planned meta-subject results. The article considers the methodology of implementation of the requirements of the federal working program of basic general education in teaching mathematics, taking into account the goals of teaching mathematics. An approach to the formation of cognitive universal educational actions of students in teaching geometry is proposed, using educational tasks and educational assignments.
System of Work with Gifted Children
Authors: Krasnova E.
Published: September 2024

The article presents the theoretical aspects of child giftedness and the analysis of the system of work with gifted children in secondary schools. The issues of giftedness are currently of concern to many, as this is due to the development of the education system, which is characterized by unification, profile and, of course, stricter labor market accounting.
Dzięki czemu jesteśmy ludźmi… (Paryż, luty 1987 roku)
Authors: Przebinda Grzegorz
Published: September 2024

X
FOLCLORIZANDO LUCHAS: LA COPLA COMO ESPACIO DE DISIDENCIA EN ANDALUCÍA.
Authors: Oliver Sanjusto Andrea
Published: September 2024

El presente texto quiere servir como breve aportación a la reflexión que actualmente se desarrolla en torno a la reivindicación de la identidad andaluza, en el marco del denominado “nuevo andalucismo”. En concreto, aterriza en el escenario de la copla, entendida en su amplia acepción, es decir, no como composición exclusivamente musical o escénica, sino como “espacio coplero” o espacio folclórico para esbozar viejos y nuevos discursos que están teniendo lugar en el territorio andaluz, como reflejo de autoconsciencia en este sur. Diversas creatividades artísticas desarrolladas en torno al espacio coplero –de Machado a Carlos Cano, pasando por Romero de Torres, Rafael de León o Martirio-, son planteadas en su articulación con los análisis actuales, en concreto, aquellos que proponen nuevos enfoques para narrar las disidencias sexuales y de género en Andalucía. En este sentido, el trabajo del artista cordobés Carlos Carvento es considerado, entre otros, referente de diversas confluencias históricas en el marco emergente actual.
UNA MADRE “BIOLÓGICA” INVESTIGANDO EN REPRODUCCIÓN ASISTIDA: REFLEXIONES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DESDE UNA ANTROPOLOGÍA ENCARNADA Y FEMINISTA.
Authors: Viera Cherro Mariana
Published: September 2024

Este artículo propone un ejercicio reflexivo y encarnado sobre las implicaciones de mi condición de madre biológica, que pudo embarazarse y llevar adelante la gestación sin intervenciones biotecnológicas y embarazada durante algunas de las entrevistas realizadas para mi tesis de maestría, en el encuentro etnográfico y en la producción de conocimiento. Pero también de una madre mujer cis que tiene una trayectoria heterosexual y reproductiva en la que también hubo biotecnologías implicadas, fundamentalmente anticonceptivas y abortivas. Me interesa poner esta dimensión en diálogo con mi cuestionamiento a las biotecnologías reproductivas por su impacto político y sanitario en relación al cuerpo reproductivo.
BIOMETRIA FACIAL E TECNOLOGIAS DE MONITORAMENTO À LUZ DOS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE DO TRABALHADOR: ASPECTOS DO CAPITALISMO DE VIGILÂNCIA E DA SOCIEDADE DO CONTROLE NAS RELAÇÕES LABORAIS - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v84p265
Authors: José de Oliveira Lourival , Fernando da Silva Fabiano
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo crítico sobre a biometria facial e as tecnologias de controle e monitoramento do trabalhador e de sua produtividade no âmbito das relações laborais, sob a perspectiva da sociedade do controle e do capitalismo de vigilância, que constituem o marco teórico da pesquisa. Trata-se de um estudo teórico-doutrinário que, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e empírica, investiga meios de monitoramento e vigilância utilizados pelo empregador que buscam sua fundamentação no poder diretivo. Como principal resultado, com espeque no método dedutivo, a partir da vertente jurídico-sociológica, é possível afirmar que tais instrumentos tecnológicos violam o direito fundamental à privacidade, considerando-se a necessidade do pleno exercício da liberdade individual e da proteção, que se constituem nos temas principais da Lei de Proteção de Dados Pessoais.
O PAPEL DA MEDIAÇÃO NA PROMOÇÃO DO DIREITO DE ACESSO À JUSTIÇA E NA CONCRETIZAÇÃO DO ODS 16 DA AGENDA 2030: “PAZ, JUSTIÇA E INSTITUIÇÕES EFICAZES” - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v84p367
Authors: da Cunha Sardinha Monteiro Susana Isabel , Marques Cebola Cátia Sofia
Published: September 2024

O presente trabalho visa compreender o atual alcance do direito de acesso à justiça consagrado nos principais textos internacionais de proteção dos direitos humanos, entre os quais a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (DUDH) e a Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos (CEDH), por forma a justificar e defender a importância da mediação na resolução de conflitos e, concomitantemente, na promoção do acesso à justiça pelos cidadãos e na concretização do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 16 da Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável da ONU. O recurso a mecanismos extrajudiciais permite a edificação de um modelo de justiça mais equitativo, mais humano, mais inclusivo e, desde logo, mais participado. Em concreto a mediação, ao privilegiar o diálogo entre as partes e a construção de uma solução concertada para o conflito, contribui para a pacificação social e, por isso, para a construção de sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas, em que assenta o objetivo presente no ODS 16. Pretende-se, desta forma, dar nota da atual conceção do direito de acesso à justiça como um direito humano fundamental que abarca os meios judiciais e os meios extrajudiciais. Em termos metodológicos, o presente estudo caracteriza- -se como exploratório, de natureza qualitativa realizado a partir de uma pesquisa documental baseada na doutrina de referência, nacional e internacional e na legislação aplicável. Como técnica de análise de dados recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo.
A RETÓRICA DA HISTÓRIA DO DIREITO: NARRATIVA, FICÇÃO E SISTEMA - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v84p73
Authors: Montalvão Varjão de Azevêdo Bernardo
Published: September 2024

A pesquisa, em um primeiro momento, irá discorrer sobre o que é a história do direito a partir da metáfora da descrição, a qual imagina o historiador como um narrador. A seguir, se apresentará o contraponto, compreendendo a história do direito como uma reconstrução empreendida pelo historiador. Aqui, o historiador se aproxima do autor de uma ficção. E, em um terceiro momento, se sustentará, como objetivo principal, a tese de que o historiador não é um observador privilegiado da história, capaz de observá-la de fora, o que acarreta uma série de consequências. A mais importante delas, dentre outras, é a de que a história do direito é, em si, um sistema que opera por meio da dicotomia memória/invenção.
Code and Data Repository for pyJedAI: A Library with Resolution-Related Structures and Procedures for Products
Authors: Ioannou Ekaterini , Nikoletos Konstantinos , Papadakis George
Published: September 2024

This work presents an open-source Python library, named pyJedAI, which provides functionalities supporting the creation of algorithms related to Product Entity Resolution. Building over existing state-of-the-art resolution algorithms (Papadakis et al. 2021a), the tool offers a plethora of important tasks required for processing product data collections. It be can easily used by researchers and practitioners for creating algorithms analyzing products, such as real-time ads bidding, sponsored search, or pricing determination. In essence, it allows to easily import product data from the possible sources, compare products in order to detect either similar or identical products, generate a graph representation using the products and desired relationships, and either visualize or export the outcome in various forms. Our experimental evaluation on data from well-known online retailers illustrates high accuracy and low execution time for the supported tasks. To the best of our knowledge this is the first Python package to focus on product entities and provide this range of Product Entity Resolution functionalities.
Colonial Legacy and Informal Finance
Authors: An Jiafu , Lin Chen , Tai Mingzhu
Published: September 2024

An influential line of research emphasizes that colonial legacy plays a key role in formal financial development. Can colonial legacy also shape informal finance? We investigate the impact of colonial legacy on informal financial development using a manually georeferenced data set within a credible empirical framework. In the 19th century, Europeans arbitrarily designed colonial borders that partitioned many ethnicities across multiple countries in Africa. Leveraging several spatial regression discontinuity designs across national borders and within British-French–partitioned Cameroon and a unique natural experiment where the same former British colony is compared with two otherwise similar areas with different exposures to French colonization, we discover that former British colonies today have better informal financial development than former French colonies. Exploring the channels, we find that places with a British colonial legacy maintain a style of social control that facilitates information flow, supports private enforcement and market interactions, and promotes strong legal cultures.

This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.

Funding: C. Lin acknowledges the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong for financial support [Grant AoE/B-704/22-R]. J. An acknowledges the general financial support from The University of Hong Kong Start-up Fund for New Professoriate Staff. M. Tai acknowledges the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong for financial support [General Research Fund No. 17500722].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01856 .
Social Learning and Content Quality Under Polarization
Authors: Kadiyala Bharadwaj , Shin Dongwook
Published: September 2024

Problem definition: This paper studies how polarization influences content consumption and production on digital platforms that monetize consumer engagement. Specifically, we consider a content that advocates a particular position on a divisive issue. Consumers with polarized preferences toward the content’s position are sequentially exposed to the content. Initially, consumers are uncertain about the content quality, but they have the opportunity to learn about it using aggregate consumption metrics and other informative signals provided by the platform. Methodology/results: Using a stylized model, we find that under polarization, social learning based on consumption metrics can mislead consumers to perceive low-quality content as higher quality, even in the long run. Consequently, content providers may decrease their effort to improve content quality. These effects are amplified for more polarizing issues, especially when the content’s position is “mainstream” (i.e., aligned with the majority of the population). Our results thus provide a potential explanation for the proliferation of low-quality, polarizing content on platforms. Managerial implications: We offer normative guidance for content platforms seeking to enhance content quality, including offering consumers information to aid the social learning mechanism and appropriately selecting audience to mitigate the echo-chamber effect. Additionally, we propose payment schemes based on content popularity as an effective means to encourage content providers to improve quality.

Funding: This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [General Research Fund 16502920].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0533 .
identity and populism begone! the role of philosophy in healing a shattered and divided world.
Authors: Splitter Laurance joseph
Published: September 2024

Populism and tribalism are increasingly prevalent characteristics of so-called democratic societies. In this paper, I shall explore some of the reasons for this trend, including conceptual confusions about the nature of identity and the collectivist/individualist dichotomy; the decline of legitimate media outlets and their replacement by social media and their attendant narratives which have little regard for truth telling, consistency or moral norms; and the failure of voters to uphold their responsibilities as democratic citizens. I shall argue that while populism presupposes a formal democratic framework, it is actually incompatible with and, accordingly, a genuine threat to, democracy. I shall propose an epistemological and ethical framework based on the unifying concept of personhood which overrides the various tribes, groups, collectives and associations with which we identify, and which are, mistakenly, taken to constitute our actual identities. I shall also juxtapose notions of narrative and dialogue to suggest ways in which tribalism and polarization can be challenged. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the most effective form of challenge is prevention, which underscores the importance of teaching children, from a young age, to be powerful thinkers. Powerful thinking is not merely an important educational tool; it is key to becoming persons who are self-aware, aware of others like them, and mutually aware of the world itself. Our identities as persons may be regarded as preconditions for asking and responding to what I call “the Big Questions” (including “How should I live?” “What are my responsibilities and obligations to others?”, and “How can I contribute to making the world a better place?”). It is here that philosophy for children and the community of inquiry have important roles to play.
Influência das redes sociais nas atitudes alimentares e satisfação corporal de mulheres jovens: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Miranda Maria Gabriela Gomes , Moreno Karyne Garcia Tafarelo , Menegassi Bruna , Rocha Liane Murari
Published: September 2024

Introdução: Evidências demonstram associação entre o uso das redes sociais com atitudes alimentares transtornadas e imagem corporal negativa em mulheres jovens. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente as evidências científicas sobre a influência das redes sociais nas atitudes alimentares e na satisfação corporal, para identificar os principais aspectos relacionados aos comportamentos negativos em mulheres jovens (17 a 44 anos). Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura que incluiuestudos primários observacionais realizados apenas com mulheres saudáveis. As buscas foram realizadas no dia 23 de agosto de 2022 nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Todos os passos foram realizados de forma independente por três revisores.A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada por meio do ResearchTriangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank. Na sequência, realizou-se uma síntese narrativa. Resultados: Dezesseis estudos observacionais atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram revisados. O uso geral das redes sociais, assim como atividades específicas (atividades de ‘selfie’, investimento em seleção de fotos), engajamento (curtir, deixar mensagens/comentários) e seguir conteúdos de ‘saúde e fitness’ e ‘fitspiration’ foram associados à insatisfação corporal e a atitudes alimentares transtornadas. A comparação da aparência parece ser o principal mediador desta associação, e a autocompaixão parece exercer um efeito positivo na atenuação desses efeitos. Conclusão: O uso geral e atividades específicas das redes sociais contribuem para insatisfação corporal e atitudes alimentares transtornadas em mulheres jovens por meio da comparação de aparência. Espera-se que essas informações auxiliem os profissionais de saúde em orientações preventivas.
Educação Alimentar e Nutricional na formação de nutricionistas: espaço de reflexão crítica sobre as desigualdades raciais
Authors: Costa Rute Ramos da Silva , Schottz Vanessa , Lisbôa Célia Maria Patriarca
Published: September 2024

Introdução: No contexto da formação de nutricionistas, é preciso refletir sobre as relações étnico-raciais e suas interseções com a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) e a Educação Alimentar e Nutricional. Objetivo: Este artigo original visa refletir sobre a formação de nutricionistas no que concerne à problemática das desigualdades raciais, à luz da experiência da disciplina de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional 2 de um curso de Nutrição de instituição pública de ensino superior no Norte Fluminense. Método: A investigação qualitativa envolveu observação participante, análise documental e sistematização de experiência. Resultados: A reflexão em classe sobre a realidade vivenciada, à luz de referenciais teóricos que tratam das relações étnico-raciais e de SAN, possibilitou problematizar como o racismo institucional compromete a realização do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada da população negra. As experiências proporcionaram a reflexão crítica sobre o processo de desumanização gerado pelo racismo, que fomenta a negação de direitos fundamentais à população negra, incluindo o direito à alimentação. O tema das desigualdades étnico-raciais se tornou mais presente nos trabalhos finais da disciplina, em trabalhos de conclusão de curso, artigos e resumos apresentados em congressos científicos e acadêmicos. Conclusão: Apesar das estruturas de poder que operam no campo do conhecimento acadêmico e silenciam epistemologias e cosmovisões outras, a disciplina analisada conseguiu adotar propostas criativas sobre as relações étnico-raciais. A Educação Popular fomentou a capacidade de reflexão crítica dos educandos sobre as desigualdades raciais que permeiam a SAN.
GÖK TANRI İNANCININ TÜRK İNANÇ SİSTEMİNDE YERİ VE MİMARİYE YANSIMALARI
Authors: Sayın Alsan Şenay
Published: September 2024

Türkler tarihsel süreç içerisinde, yaşadıkları coğrafyaya, yaşam biçimlerine ve siyasal görüşlerine uygun düşen dinleri kabul etmişlerdir. Eski Türk topluluklarının inanç sistemlerini Gök Tanrı, tabiat ve atalar kültü anlayışı şekillendirir. Pragmatik anlayış ile yaklaşacak olursak; Tengriyanizm olarak da adlandırılan, Gök Tanrı inancı, atlı göçebe hayatı süren Türk kavimlerinin gelenek ve görenekleriyle örtüşerek yaşayış tarzları ile şekillenmiştir. Etnologlara göre Gök Tanrı, bozkır kültüründe din sisteminin merkezine yerleşmiş en önemli inanç sistemlerinden biridir. Türkler Gök Tanrının Türk hakanlarına kut verdiğini ve Türk ırkını koruyarak yücelttiğine inanmışlardır. Türklerde millet kavramının oluşmasında inanç sisteminin önemli bir yeri vardır.
Çok tanrılı inanç sistemlerinin bir parçası olarak kabul gören Gök Tanrı inancı, çoğunlukla yer tanrısı, su tanrısı, ateş tanrısı gibi diğer doğa tanrılarıyla birlikte ilişkilendirilir. Gök Tanrıyı inançlarının odak noktasına yerleştiren insan bu sayede doğayı anlamaya ve kontrol etmeye çalışmıştır. Pek çok inanç sisteminde dini ritüel ve törenlerin temelini oluşturmuştur. Ancak Türkler hiçbir zaman Tanrıyı insan biçiminde tasvir etmemişler, resim veya heykel olarak yapmamışlardır.
Gök Tanrı inancının mekâna yansıması ise, coğrafya, kültür ve tarihe göre çeşitlilik gösterir. Türk inanç sisteminde önemli bir yeri olan Gök Tanrı inancına göre Gök Tanrı, göğün tam merkezinde yer almaktaydı. Türk kozmogoni mitleri incelendiğinde, Türk tarihinin tüm dönemlerinde, kutsala daha yaklaşabilmek için tasarlanmış olan bir kozmik eksene rastlanmıştır. Bu eksen, Türklerin dini anlayışları ve evren tasarımlarındaki değişimlere bağlı olarak farklılık göstermektedir. Çadır, hükümdar köşkü ya da otağı, mezar yapısı, hükümdar şehri, kozmik ağaç, kozmik dağ, sütun veya ok gibi çeşitli semboller ile ifade edilmiştir.
Bu makale, Türk inanç sisteminde Gök Tanrı inancının ve Türk Mimarisinde kubbe gelişiminde kozmolojik evren anlayışını içermektedir. Metodolojik olarak Türk inanç sisteminde Gök Tanrı inancı, Türk mimarisi üzerinde yansımaları üzerine yapılan akademik çalışmalar incelenmiş, ardından kozmolojik evren anlayışının Türk toplumunun mimari tercihleri üzerindeki etkisi üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede Türklerde Gök Tanrı inancı ve mimariye yansıması üzerine İslamiyet öncesi dönemden itibaren evrime analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, Türk mimarisinde kubbe kullanımının kozmolojik evren anlayışıyla doğrudan ilişkili olduğu, kubbe formlarının çoğunlukla Gök Tanrı’nın evrensel gücünü sembolize ettiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Exploring the Structural, Optical and Surface Area Properties of Mos2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Sangeethavanathi S. , Gowthaman P. , Vigneswaran S. , Sathishkumar M.
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the development and characterization of MoS2 nanoparticles, employing a hydrothermal approach. The synthesized MoS2 nanoparticles underwent comprehensive analysis utilizing various analytical techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-Visible spectroscopy, and BET surface analysis. XRD analysis revealed the presence of a hexagonal phase structure with a crystallite size of 13 nm, indicating the nanoscale nature of the synthesized material. RAMAN spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic peaks corresponding to Mo and S, validating the composition of the composites. FESEM images shows that the formation of flake like morphology and EDX affirmed the presence of Mo and S elements with the absence of other impurities, ensuring the purity of the MoS2 nanoparticles. UV-visible spectroscopy exhibited an energy band gap of 2.37 eV, suggesting potential applications in optoelectronic devices. BET surface area analysis revealed a surface area of 80 m²/g, indicative of the high surface area of the composites, which may enhance their reactivity and performance in various applications. These findings contribute to the understanding of MoS2 nanoparticles and their potential utilization in fields such as solar cell, catalysis, sensing, and energy storage.
The Nicene Creed and Luther’s Credal Hymn
Authors: Rorem Paul
Published: September 2024

Absract: Next year will be a centennial of the Council of Nicea (325), which, together with the First Council of Constantinople (381), created what we know as the Nicene Creed. This year also marks the quincentennial of Martin Luther’s credal hymn “We All Believe in One True God.” Luther used the opening line and tune of a late medieval hymn, reflecting both the Nicene Creed and the Apostles’ Creed. His hymn accurately summarized the credal results of the councils of Nicea and Constantinople, as declaring the divinity of Christ and the Holy Spirit. This article explores these histories along with the translations of Luther’s hymn into English, especially with regard to the divinity of the Holy Spirit.
Paul Gerhardt in America 1743–2007
Authors: Haemig Mary Jane
Published: September 2024

Abstract: German Hymnwriter Paul Gerhardt (1607–1676), often described as the most important Lutheran hymnwriter other than Martin Luther, has had an impact in America. His hymns helped shape the faith and ministry of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg (1711–1787), often described as the “father” of the Lutheran church in America. His hymns helped Lutherans to face the crisis of World War I. Since the eighteenth century Gerhardt hymns have appeared in North American Lutheran hymnals. Even today they appear in both Lutheran hymnals and the hymnals of other Christian groups. Lutherans observed the 300th anniversary of his birth in 1907 with celebrations for laity and clergy featuring Gerhardt’s hymns. Many articles in church periodicals described Gerhardt and his hymns. The 400th anniversary of his birth in 2007 gained some attention, in church publications and academic conferences, but generally less attention than in 1907.
Tailoring the light-matter interaction for high-fidelity holonomic gate operations in multiple systems
Authors: Yan Ying , Kang Zhihuang , Wu Shutong , Han Kunji , Qiu Jiamin , Moser Joel , Lu Jie
Published: September 2024

Realization of quantum computing requires the development of high-fidelity quantum gates that are resilient to decoherence, control errors, and environmental noise. While non-adiabatic holonomic quantum computation (NHQC) offers a promising approach, it often necessitates system-specific adjustments. This work presents a versatile scheme for implementing NHQC gates across multiple qubit systems by optimizing multiple degrees of freedom using a genetic algorithm. The scheme is applied to three qubit systems: ensemble rare-earth ion (REI) qubits, single REI qubits, and superconducting transmon qubits. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the optimized gate operations are robust against frequency detuning and induce low off-resonant excitations, making the scheme effective for advancing fault-tolerant quantum computation across various platforms.
PP1 phosphatase controls both daughter cell formation and amylopectin levels in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Khelifa Asma Sarah , Bhaskaran Maanasa , Boissavy Tom , Mouveaux Thomas , Silva Tatiana Araujo , Chhuon Cerina , Attias Marcia , Guerrera Ida Chiara , De Souza Wanderley , Dauvillee David , Roger Emmanuel , Gissot Mathieu
Published: September 2024

Virulence of apicomplexan parasites is based on their ability to divide rapidly to produce significant biomass. The regulation of their cell cycle is therefore key to their pathogenesis. Phosphorylation is a crucial posttranslational modification that regulates many aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. The phosphatase PP1 is known to play a major role in the phosphorylation balance in eukaryotes. We explored the role of TgPP1 during the cell cycle of the tachyzoite form of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Using a conditional mutant strain, we show that TgPP1 regulates many aspects of the cell cycle including the proper assembly of the daughter cells’ inner membrane complex (IMC), the segregation of organelles, and nuclear division. Unexpectedly, depletion of TgPP1 also results in the accumulation of amylopectin, a storage polysaccharide that is usually found in the latent bradyzoite form of the parasite. Using transcriptomics and phospho-proteomics, we show that TgPP1 mainly acts through posttranslational mechanisms by dephosphorylating target proteins including IMC proteins. TgPP1 also dephosphorylates a protein bearing a starch-binding domain. Mutagenesis analysis reveals that the targeted phospho-sites are linked to the ability of the parasite to regulate amylopectin steady-state levels. Therefore, we show that TgPP1 has pleiotropic roles during the tachyzoite cell cycle regulation, but also regulates amylopectin accumulation.
A how-to guide for code sharing in biology
Authors: Abdill Richard J. , Talarico Emma , Grieneisen Laura
Published: September 2024

In 2024, all biology is computational biology. Computer-aided analysis continues to spread into new fields, becoming more accessible to researchers trained in the wet lab who are eager to take advantage of growing datasets, falling costs, and novel assays that present new opportunities for discovery. It is currently much easier to find guidance for implementing these techniques than for reporting their use, leaving biologists to guess which details and files are relevant. In this essay, we review existing literature on the topic, summarize common tips, and link to additional resources for training. Following this overview, we then provide a set of recommendations for sharing code, with an eye toward guiding those who are comparatively new to applying open science principles to their computational work. Taken together, we provide a guide for biologists who seek to follow code sharing best practices but are unsure where to start.
A protocol for enhancing the diagnostic accuracy and predictive validity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: The utility of non-invasive clinical markers
Authors: Maylott Sarah E. , Lester Barry M. , Brown Lydia , Castano Ayla J. , Dansereau Lynne , Crowell Sheila E. , Deboeck Pascal , Salisbury Amy , Conradt Elisabeth
Published: September 2024

Every 15 minutes in the US, an infant exposed to opioids is born. Approximately 50% of these newborns will develop Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) within 5 days of birth. It is not known which infants will develop NOWS, therefore, the current hospital standard-of-care dictates a 96-hour observational hold. Understanding which infants will develop NOWS soon after birth could reduce hospital stays for infants who do not develop NOWS and decrease burdens on hospitals and clinicians. We propose noninvasive clinical indicators of NOWS, including newborn neurobehavior, autonomic biomarkers, prenatal substance exposures, and socioeconomic environments. The goals of this protocol are to use these indicators shortly after birth to differentiate newborns who will be diagnosed with NOWS from those who will have mild/no withdrawal, to determine if the indicators predict development at 6 and 18 months of age, and to increase NOWS diagnostic sensitivity for earlier, more accurate diagnoses.
Multivalency drives interactions of alpha-synuclein fibrils with tau
Authors: Ramirez Jennifer , Saleh Ibrahim G. , Yanagawa Evan S. K. , Shimogawa Marie , Brackhahn Emily , Petersson E. James , Rhoades Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Age-related neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by deposits of protein aggregates, or amyloid, in various regions of the brain. Historically, aggregation of a single protein was observed to be correlated with these different pathologies: tau in AD and α-synuclein (αS) in PD. However, there is increasing evidence that the pathologies of these two diseases overlap, and the individual proteins may even promote each other’s aggregation. Both tau and αS are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), lacking stable secondary and tertiary structure under physiological conditions. In this study we used a combination of biochemical and biophysical techniques to interrogate the interaction of tau with both soluble and fibrillar αS. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to assess the interactions of specific domains of fluorescently labeled tau with full length and C-terminally truncated αS in both monomer and fibrillar forms. We found that full-length tau as well as individual tau domains interact with monomer αS weakly, but this interaction is much more pronounced with αS aggregates. αS aggregates also mildly slow the rate of tau aggregation, although not the final degree of aggregation. Our findings suggest that co-occurrence of tau and αS in disease are more likely to occur through monomer-fiber binding interactions, rather than monomer-monomer or co-aggregation.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of developmental assets scales: A study protocol for psychometric properties
Authors: Habibi Asgarabad Mojtaba , Salehi Yegaei Pardis , Trejos-Castillo Elizabeth , Seyed Yaghoubi Pour Nazanin , Wiium Nora
Published: September 2024

Background and aims

Application of developmental assets, one of existing Positive Youth Development (PYD) frameworks, has gained momentum in research, policy formulations, and interventions, necessitating the introduction of the most efficient scales for this framework. The present study protocol aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of developmental assets scales to document the underlying logic, objectives, and methodologies earmarked for the identification, selection, and critical evaluation of these scales.

Methods and materials

In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), the intended search will encompass databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and PsycINFO, spanning from the inception of 1988 to 1st of April 2024. The review will include articles published published in English language focusing on individuals aged 10 to 29 years and reporting at least one type of reliability or validity of developmental assets scales. The review process will be in compliance with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN), and the overall quality of evidence will be determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) guidelines.

Discussion

This comprehensive assessment aims to identify potential biases in prior research and offer guidance to scholars regarding the optimal scales for developmental assets in terms of validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability The evidence-based appraisal of the scales strengths and limitations is imperative in shaping future research, enhancing their methodological rigor, and proposing refinements to existing instruments for developmental assets.
Early vs. delayed QTc prolongation in acute poisoning: A prognostic accuracy study—A case series
Authors: Shahpar Amirhossein , Mirafzal Amirhossein , Movahedi Mitra , Zeinali Nezhad Nazanin
Published: September 2024

Given the limited capacity of intensive care units in many countries, it is crucial to identify reliable prognostic markers to optimize poisoning patients management and improve outcomes. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of three variables, namely the initial QTc interval (iQTc) measured within two hours of admission, the delayed QTc interval (dQTc) measured between 6 and 12 hours of entry, and the QTc interval trend over time (ΔQTc), for mortality in patients with undifferentiated poisoning. A retrospective case series was conducted on 70 patients with undifferentiated poisoning admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Afzalipour Hospital between March 21, 2021, and March 20, 2023. The results of the multivariate analysis revealed that dQTc, base deficit, and creatinine were independently associated with mortality (P value < 0.001). The dQTc had the highest predictive ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84, followed by ΔQTc with an AUC of 0.76, and iQTc with an AUC of 0.67. Additionally, the results of the Generalized Estimating Equation model with repeated measurements revealed a higher odds ratio for dQTc (OR, 6.33; 95% CI, 2.54–15.79) compared to iQTc (OR, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.71–14.17). The study concluded that monitoring the dQTc interval could provide valuable prognostic information in acute poisoning cases.
Professional football training and recovery: A longitudinal study on the effects of weekly conditioning session and workload variables
Authors: Curzi Davide , Amatori Stefano , Silvestri Fioretta , Marcelli Lorenzo , Campanella Matteo , Perroni Fabrizio , Gallotta Maria Chiara , Favoriti Alessandra , Baldari Carlo , Guidetti Laura
Published: September 2024

The main purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate football players’ recovery status, through hormonal response, in relation to accumulated workload at two comparable time points of the first (T1) and second half (T2) of the competitive season. Moreover, this study investigated athletes’ hormonal response to a typical weekly conditioning session (5 days before match: MD-5), at T1 and T2, to detect changes in players’ recovery capability over time. Salivary cortisol (sC) and testosterone (sT) of 24 professional players (27.8 ± 4.1 years of age) were collected before, after, and 24 hours following MD-5 in two comparable microcycles of T1 and T2. GPS training data (total and high-intensity distance) of the 7 and 28 days before sampling were used to obtain athletes’ acute and chronic workloads. Results showed a pre-training significant decrease of sT and an increase of sC (p<0.05) in T2, compared to T1. Moreover, athletes showed high sC and low sT levels before, after and 24 hours following MD-5 in T2. Workload analysis revealed significant correlations of chronic load with sC (r = 0.45, p = 0.056) and T/C ratio (r = -0.59; p = 0.007). These results suggested that, in professional football, chronic workload has a greater impact on players’ recovery time than acute workload over the sport season. Moreover, athletes’ hormonal response to the weekly conditioning session at T2 revealed an altered anabolic/catabolic balance, highlighting the key role of continuous internal and external workload monitoring during the season.
Polygenic, autosomal, and stable spirotetramat resistance in Chrysoperla carnea resulting in increased fitness
Authors: Hassan Shoaib , Shad Sarfraz Ali
Published: September 2024

Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) is a generalist predator used as a biological control agent in agro ecosystems. In order to use chemical and biological control in an integrated way, it is advantageous to know about natural enemy resistance response to a selected chemical. To determine C. carnea spirotetramat resistance potential, a population collected from the field was selected in the laboratory. Then we determined how spirotetramat resistance was inherited and how much it impacts the fitness of C. carnea. After eighteen selections with spirotetramat, the selected population (Spiro-Sel) of C. carnea had a 47-fold of resistance when compared to an UNSEL population. Inheritance results showed that spirotetramat resistance was inherited as an autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic trait. The values of effective dominance decreased from 0.87 (incomplete dominant) to 0.00 (complete recessive) as the concentration of spirotetramat increased from 625 mg/L to 10000 mg/L. The Spiro-Sel strain had no cross resistance to chlorfenapyr (1.10-fold), deltamethrin (1.26-fold) and chlorpyrifos (1.27-fold). After 7 generations without selection pressure resistance to all experimental insecticides in the Spiro-Sel strain was stable. Fitness data of the Spiro-Sel, Cross A, Cross B, UNSEL and susceptible strains of C. carnea showed that spirotetramat resistance increased the fitness of the selected green lacewing population. Life history parameters like fecundity, net reproductive rate, and relative fitness of the Spiro-Sel strain significantly increased when compared to the susceptible or unselected strains of C. carnea. These findings show that C. carnea is a perfect candidate for integrated pest management (IPM) programmes that combine biological control methods with selective pesticide applications to manage a variety of insect pests. Additionally, it would reduce the possibility of pests developing pesticide resistance despite repeated applications. It would be an excellent choice for widespread releases and be effective in most spray programs.
Green accounting and reporting in Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical and textile industries: A holistic perspective
Authors: Rahaman Mohammad Mizenur , Akter Shamima , Hossain Md. Alamgir , Chowdhury Adiba Rahman Bushra , Wu Renhong
Published: September 2024

This study examined the factors influencing green accounting and reporting practices (GARPs) in Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical and textile industries. Hence, it draws upon disclosure theory to disclose relevant information in the context of environmental accounting and encourages them to boost their environmental performance. It utilized content analysis from 13 pharmaceuticals and 22 textiles data from Dhaka stock exchange (DSE) listed companies of Bangladesh and applied quantitative methods for comparative analysis. The findings showed that GARPs are influenced by firm characteristics and external factors rather than organizational performance, and eleven environmental indicators (separately) have a lower mean of less than 0.50 in both industries. Firms’ general characteristics (FFGC) are noteworthy factors that exhibit a negative coefficient for both the pharmaceutical and textile sectors but hold a robust impact on the GARPs, with P = 0.007 and 0.003, respectively. The statistical significance of environmental factors (EFs) applies to the textile sector p = 0.000. Implementing GARPs in the pharmaceutical industry proved more effective than in the textile sector, offering valuable support to managers in expediting environmental practices in Bangladesh’s textile industry.
Impact of alexithymia, speech problems and parental emotion recognition on internalizing and externalizing problems in preschoolers
Authors: Jarvers Irina , Kormann Eva , Schleicher Daniel , Ecker Angelika , Kandsperger Stephanie , Brunner Romuald
Published: September 2024

Background

Alexithymia, characterized by difficulty identifying and describing emotions and an externally oriented thinking style, is a personality trait linked to various mental health issues. Despite its recognized importance, research on alexithymia in early childhood is sparse. This study addresses this gap by investigating alexithymia in preschool-aged children and its correlation with psychopathology, along with parental alexithymia.

Methods

Data were analyzed from 174 parents of preschoolers aged 3 to 6, including 27 children in an interdisciplinary intervention program, all of whom attended regular preschools. Parents filled out online questionnaires assessing their children’s alexithymia (Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire–Parent Report) and psychopathology (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), as well as their own alexithymia (Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire) and emotion recognition (Reading Mind in the Eyes Test). Linear multivariable regressions were computed to predict child psychopathology based on both child and parental alexithymia.

Results

Preschool children’s alexithymia could be predicted by their parents’ alexithymia and parents’ emotion recognition skills. Internalizing symptomatology could be predicted by overall child alexithymia, whereas externalizing symptomatology was predicted by difficulties describing negative feelings only. Parental alexithymia was linked to both child alexithymia and psychopathology.

Conclusions

The findings provide first evidence of the importance of alexithymia as a possible risk factor in early childhood and contribute to understanding the presentation and role of alexithymia. This could inform future research aimed at investigating the causes, prevention, and intervention strategies for psychopathology in children.
Improved lightweight YOLOv5 based on ShuffleNet and its application on traffic signs detection
Authors: Liu Liwei , Wang Lei , Ma Zhuang
Published: September 2024

Traffic signs detection is an important and challenging task in intelligent driving perception system. This paper proposes an improved lightweight traffic signs detection framework based on YOLOv5. Firstly, the YOLOv5’s backbone is replaced with ShuffleNet v2, which simplifies the calculation complexity and reduces the parameters of backbone network. Secondly, aiming at the problem of inconspicuous traffic sign characteristics in complex road environment, we use the CA attention mechanism in this paper to improve the saliency of the object. Finally, aiming at the large-scale difference between the traffic signs and the high proportion of small objects, we design the BCS-FPN to fuse multi-scale features and improve the representation ability of the small-scale objects. The TT-100K dataset is also analyzed and the dataset is collated. We test on the collated TT-100K dataset for the improved YOLOv5 in this paper. And the results show that compared with YOLOv5s, the mAP of our algorithm is equivalent to that of YOLOv5s, and the speed is improved by 20.8%. This paper also has carried on the experiment on embedded devices, experimental results show that our framework in computing power less embedded devices has a better effect.
Co-creating hospitable moments in event experiences: Omotenashi at the Japan 2019 Rugby World Cup
Authors: Hayes Christopher J.
Published: September 2024

Within Japan, Japanese hospitality or omotenashi is seen as distinct from ‘western’ hospitality, which is seen as a transactional service, focusing on the provision of food and beverages. Omotenashi, on the other hand, is based on the cultivation of a relationship between host and guest and an anticipation of needs. This article examines the role that volunteers played in delivering omotenashi and in co-creating a hospitable environment at the 2019 Rugby World Cup (RWC) in Japan. To welcome visitors, 13,000 volunteers were mobilized in host cities across the country, the highest number of volunteers in the history of the RWC. As a social event, the tournament offered many opportunities for interaction between the hosts and visitors, allowing for a co-created experience. Employing a walking methodology and participant–observation conducted within the event spaces, this article demonstrates how the engagement of the local communities through hosting, volunteering and direct interaction with visitors contributed to the co-creation of the event experience, and how omotenashi was embedded in the experiencescape. The research finds that although visitors were provided with a space in which their service needs were met, the hospitable environment was largely created through interactions between visitors and volunteers and between visitors and other visitors, both domestic and international. Significantly, volunteers displayed omotenashi, engaging with visitors in (fleeting) relationships, rather than as service providers, contributing to a clear sense of communitas and welcome that would not be found in typical transactional hospitality.
The distinction between knowledge and opinion in Rep. 477c1-478a6
Authors: Gkatzaras Thanassis
Published: September 2024

Plato’s argument in Rep. 5, 477c1-478a6, proves that knowledge (epistēmē) is a power different from opinion (doxa), and their objects are different in kind, too. This claim by itself would probably have been rejected by the so-called ‘sight-lovers’, i.e. people who deny the existence of Forms, so the argument uses premises that the sight-lovers would admit as true and self-evident, in order to convince them. My paper engages in the debate concerning the appropriate reading of these premises, and explains why the sight-lovers should accept something they previously would not.