bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of write-off of bad debts due to provisions created by medical institutions for doubtful debts in tax accounting
Authors:   State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education of the city of Moscow ", Shinkareva O.V. ,   Moscow City Pedagogical University",   , Moscow, Russia, Vishnevskiy V.A. ,   State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education of the city of Moscow "Moscow City Pedagogical University", Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of recognizing a bad debt and considering the specifics of writing off this debt due to the formed reserve for dubious debts in the tax accounting of medical organizations. The grounds for recognizing a doubtful debt as bad debt due to the provision were analyzed. It has been established that bad debt, unlike dubious debt, is already unrealistic for collection, which allows it to be taken into account in the losses when calculating corporate income tax. Important in this case is the question of the timing of recognition of receivables as bad debt and its inclusion in non-operating expenses: if a company does not form reserves for doubtful debts, then such recognition is carried out only after the expiration of the 3-year statute of limitations. In other cases, the organization has the right to include the amount of bad debt in the expenses when calculating the profit tax base after making an entry in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities to exclude the debtor from the register in connection with the liquidation. It was noted that bad debt in the tax accounting of medical organizations can be written off as a general rule or at the expense of a tax reserve created in the organization for this receivable (at the time when it was doubtful), or recognized as a separate independent non-operating expense in the event that the reserve of dubious debts was not created by a legal entity or the amount of bad debt exceeds the size of the tax reserve. To understand the general mechanism for writing off bad receivables, illustrative examples are given to determine the sequence of actions in the tax accounting of an organization when writing off bad debt in the tax accounting of organizations engaged in medical activities.
Credit-card Fraud Detection System using Neural Networks
Authors: Al Balawi Salwa , Aljohani Njood
Published: February 2023

Recently, with the development of online transactions, the credit-card transactions begun to be the most prevalent online payment methods. Credit-card fraud refers to the use fake Credit-Cards to purchase goods without paying. With the fast research and development in the area of information technology and data mining methods including the neural networks and decision trees, to advanced machine learning and deep learning methods, researchers have proposed a wide range of antifraud systems. Mainly, the Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods are employed to perform the fraud detection task. This paper aims to explore the existing credit-card fraud detection methods, and categorize them into two main categories. In addition, we investigated the deployment of neural network models with credit-card fraud detection problem, since we employed the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). ANN and CNN models are implemented and assessed using a credit-card dataset. The main contribution of this paper focuses on increasing the fraud-detection classification accuracy through developing an efficient deep neural network model.
In Loco Identity Fraud Detection Model using Statistical Analysis for Social Networking Sites: A Case Study with Facebook
Authors: Hanok Shalini , Shankaraiah Shankaraiah
Published: February 2023

Rapid advancement in internet has made many Social Networking Sites (SNS) popular among a huge population, as various SNS accounts are interlinked with each other, spread of stored susceptible information of an individual is increasing. That has led to various security and privacy issues; one of them is impersonation or identity fraud. Identity fraud is the outcome of illegitimate or secret use of account owner’s identity to invade his/her account to track personal information. There are possibilities that known persons like parents, spouse, close friends, siblings who are interested in knowing what is going on in the account owner’s online life may check their personal SNS accounts. Hence an individual’s private SNS accounts can be invaded by an illegitimate user secretly without the knowledge of the account owner’s which results in compromise of private information. Thus, this paper proposes an in loco identity fraud detection strategy that employs a statistical analysis approach to constantly authenticate the authorized user, which outperforms the previously known technique. This strategy may be used to prevent stalkers from penetrating a person's SNS account in real time. The accuracy attained in this research is greater than 90% after 1 minute and greater than 95% after 5 minutes of observation.
Image Segmentation with Multi-feature Fusion in Compressed Domain based on Region-Based Graph
Authors: Luo Hong-Chuan , Sun Bo , Zhou Hang-Kai , Cao Wen-Sen
Published: February 2023

Image segmentation plays a significant role in image processing and scientific research. In this paper, we develop a novel approach, which provides effective and robust performances for image segmentation based on the region-based (block-based) graph instead of pixel-based graph. The modified Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is applied to obtain the Square Block Structures (DCT-SBS) of the image in the compressed domain together with the coefficients, due to its low memory requirement and high processing efficiency on extracting the block feature. A novel weight computation approach focusing on multi-feature fusion from the location, texture and RGB-color information is employed to efficiently obtain weights between the DCT-SBS. The energy function is redesigned to meet the region-based requirement and can be easily transformed into the traditional Normalized cuts (Ncuts). The proposed image segmentation algorithm is applied to the salient region detection database and Corel1000 database. The performance results are compared with the state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms. Experimental results clearly show that our method outperforms other algorithms, and demonstrate good segmentation precision and high efficiency.
Analysis of TCP Issues and Their Possible Solutions in the Internet of Things
Authors: Hussain Syed Zeeshan , Parween Sultana
Published: February 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is widely known as a revolutionary paradigm that offers communication among different types of devices. The primary goal of this paradigm is to implement efficient and high-quality smart services. It requires a protocol stack that offers different service requirements for inter-communication between different devices. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are used as transport layer protocols in IoT to provide the quality of service needed in various IoT devices. IoT encounters many shortcomings of wireless networks, while also posing new challenges due to its uniqueness. When TCP is used in an IoT system, a variety of challenging issues have to be dealt with. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of various issues which arises due to the heterogeneous characteristics of IoT. We identify main issues such as Retransmission Timeout (RTO) algorithm issue, congestion and packet loss issue, header overhead, high latency issue, link layer interaction issue, etc. Moreover, we provide several most probable solutions to the above-mentioned issues in the case of IoT scenarios. RTO algorithm issue has been resolved by using algorithms such as CoCoA, CoCoA+, and CoCoA++. Apart from these, the high latency issue has been solved with the help of a long lived connection and TCP Fast open. Congestion and packet loss issue has been resolved by using several TCP variants such as TCP New Reno, Tahoe, Reno, Vegas, and Westwood.
Highly Accurate Grey Neural Network Classifier for an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Classification Based on Image Processing Approach
Authors: Sam Chandra Bose Anandh , Ramesh Vasuki
Published: February 2023

An Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm (AAA) is an abnormal focal dilation of the aorta. Most un-ruptured AAAs are asymptomatic, which leads to the problem of having abdominal malignancy, kidney damage, heart attack and even death. As it is ominous, it requires an astute scrutinizing approach. The significance of this proposed work is to scrutinize the exact location of the ruptured region and to make astute report of the pathological condition of AAA by computing the Ruptured Potential Index (RPI). To determine these two factors, image processing is performed in the retrieved image of aneurysm. Initially, it undergoes a process to obtain a high-quality image by making use of Adaptive median filter. After retrieving high quality image, segmentation is carried out using Artificial Neural Network-based segmentation. After segmenting the image into samples, 12 features are extracted from the segmented image by Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), which assists in extracting the best feature out of it. This optimization is performed by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Finally, Grey Neural Network (GNN) classifier is applied to analogize the trained and test set data. This classifier helps to achieve the targeted objective with high accuracy.
ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ МУЗИЧНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА В ДИСТАНЦІЙНОМУ ФОРМАТІ
Authors: Матвєєва О. О. , Мей Фан
Published: February 2023

У статті порушуються питання дистанційного навчання. На прикладі організації підготовки майбутніх учителів музичного мистецтва факультету мистецтв Харківського національного педагогічного університету імені Г. С. Сковороди показано реалізацію визначених положень дистанційної освіти.
ІСТОРИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ДУХОВНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ: ВИТОКИ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ
Authors: Вишняк М. В. , Лазарєва Т. С.
Published: February 2023

The work examines the trends of spiritual and moral education of the youth
of European countries. The specific features of their educational and educational
process are revealed, the features of European youth upbringing are defined,
the main directions of the formation of cultural and moral values, and the key
personal moral and spiritual qualities of the young generation are revealed.
A scoping review on the implementation of Global Observatory on Physical Activity recommendations for school children in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ojedoyin Olusegun Olatunji , Nadasan Thayananthee , Govender Pragashnie , Olagbegi Oladapo Michael
Published: February 2023

Background: Promoting physical activity (PA) is a critical first step in preventing and lowering the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases across all age groups. The Global Observatory on Physical Activity (GoPA) of the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested country-specific guidelines for promoting PA across all age categories to achieve this. However, despite an increase in obesity, there is no information on their compliance for pre-secondary school children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We mapped evidence in the literature and described the available evidence on implementing GoPA recommendations for presecondary school children in SSA. Methods: This scoping review included a search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library with the dates 2013–2020, using keywords and the terms (Physical activity OR exercise AND (GoPA recommendations OR Guidelines) AND ((presecondary school children) OR (primary school children) OR (basic school children) OR (children)). The most important data were tabulated. Results: Twenty-three studies were identified of which ten were eligible for data extraction. Of these ten studies, 2 (20%) were conducted in Nigeria, 4 (40%) in South Africa, 2 (20%) in Ghana and 1(10%) each in Kenya and Senegal were extracted. None of these nations has a national plan or strategy to promote PA and reduce sedentary behaviors (SB). Conclusion: A gap in the formulation of PA guidelines exists in SSA. Urgent action is needed for a national plan or strategy by individual country in SSA to reduce the burden of physical inactivity among school children in SSA.
An extension of the extended parallel process model to promote heart-healthy exercise behavior: An experimental study
Authors: Thapaliya Rashmi , Leshner Glenn , Sharma Ghimire Pragya , Bhochhibhoya Amir
Published: February 2023

Background: The prevalence of heart disease has increased and is a leading cause of death in the U.S. Despite the importance of physical activity, only one-third of adults in the United States meet the amount of physical activity recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The purpose of this study was to extend the extended parallel process model (EPPM) by adding a ‘barrier’ (a construct from Health Belief Model) and exploring the roles of threat, efficacy, and barrier on participants’ self-efficacy, attitudes, and intentions toward exercise. Methods: A between-subject experimental design was conducted online in 2018 in the U.S. A total of 446 participants were recruited from the Amazon Mechanical Turk age 18 or above. The participants were first provided with stimuli messages about physical activity behaviors. Then participants’ responses to self-efficacy, intention, and attitudes toward exercise were assessed. Results: The results found an interaction between efficacy and barrier to participants’ attitudes toward exercise [F(1,435)=4.35, P=0.038, η2 part=0.01]. The results also showed that there was a statistically significant effect of barriers on participants’ self-efficacy regarding exercise behavior [F(1,442)=4.21, P=0.04, η2 part=0.009]. However, three-way interactions of threat, efficacy, and barrier were not found in attitudes or intentions to exercise. Conclusion: The findings suggested that addressing an individual’s perceived barrier regarding a health behavior may lead to an increase in self-confidence ensuing in higher physical activity. Future studies should further explore how addressing barriers may influence other health behaviors to design unique and effective health messages.
World Health Organization is losing online credibility towards health-sensitive topics: Infodemiological analysis of Facebook users’ reactions
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro
Published: February 2023

Background: The scientific infodemic constitutes one of the greatest threats to public health and safety today. The credibility of the main dissemination agencies is an essential tool for adhering to measures to preserve public health. Methods: The study is a longitudinal retrospective conducted on a web platform to investigate netizens’ infodemic attitude towards World Health Organization. Reactions such as "like," "love," "affection," "surprise," "sadness," "anger," and "derision" were collected under World Health Organization (WHO) Facebook posts on climate change (from 2019 to 2022) and vaccines (from 2021 to 2022). Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and correlation methods were implemented to identify possible trends and relationships with the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Results: These findings showed a worrying increase in derision reactions about climate change-related posts (up to 22% in November 2022, with a quadratically growing trend over time since December 2020). Furthermore, infodemic reactions such as anger and especially derision made up the majority of emotional reactions to vaccine-related posts since 2021 and up to 44% of total reactions in November 2022 (median since July 2021=9%, IQR: 4%-14%). Finally, there is evidence of a correlation between the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign and public distrust towards the WHO, even for issues unrelated to vaccines such as climate change. Conclusion: Based on what is known in the literature, these preliminary findings signal that the WHO is losing online public credibility towards extremely relevant issues for global health. Infodemiological interventions in accordance with the recent literature are urgently required.
Examining colorectal cancer screening uptake and health provider recommendations among underserved middle aged and older African Americans
Authors: Cobb Sharon , Ekwegh Tavonia , Adinkrah Edward , Ameli Hoorolnesa , Dillard Attallah , Kibe Lucy W. , Bazargan Mohsen
Published: February 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine whether underserved middle-aged and older African Americans are receiving a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening test (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) and if recommended by their provider. Additionally, we examined correlates of both provider recommendation and uptake of CRC screening. Methods: Seven hundred forty African American individuals, aged 55 and older, participated in this local community cross-sectional survey. We used a multivariate technique of logistic regression. Results: One out of three participants reported that they never received a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy for CRC screening. More than 31% indicted that their providers never suggested CRC testing. However, participants who indicated that their providers recommended sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy were almost 49 times (odds ratio [OR]: 48.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.5–81.2) more likely to obtain it compared to their counterparts who were not advised to have these procedures. Our data suggest that African American men were significantly less likely than women to receive recommendations from their providers (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91). Furthermore, controlling for other variables, the following factors: 1) living arrangement (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.02–2.04), 2) health maintenance organization (HMO) membership (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.28–2.67), 3) number of providers (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32), 4) satisfaction with access to and quality of care (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03–1.51), 5) depressive symptoms (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98), and 6) gastrointestinal conditions (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.16–2.58) were associated with obtaining a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy test. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the absence of a provider recommendation is the primary barrier preventing underserved older African Americans from obtaining CRC screening. In addition, our data revealed significant association between obtaining CRC screening and some of the predisposing characteristics of participants, satisfaction with access to and quality of care, and physical and mental health. These findings are consistent with this notion that disparities in health care for African Americans can be traced back to four primary factors: patients, healthcare providers, the healthcare system, and society as a whole, and emphasize the need for establishing theory-driven, culturally-sensitive, and cost-effective CRC screening interventions that recognize and address the constraints to cancer screening experienced by this segment of population.
Dental pulp stem cells for reconstructing bone defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moeenzade Neda , Naseri Mohsen , Osmani Fereshteh , Emadian Razavi Fariba
Published: February 2023

Background. Bone reconstruction with appropriate quality and quantity for dental implant replacement in the alveolar ridge is a challenge in dentistry. As dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could be a new perspective in bone regeneration in the future, this study investigated the bone regeneration process by DPSCs. Methods. Electronic searches for articles in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were completed until 21 April 2022. The most important inclusion criteria for selecting in vivo studies reporting quantitative data based on new bone volume and new bone area. The quality assessment was performed based on Cochrane’s checklist. Results. After the title, abstract, and full-text screening of 762 studies, 23 studies were included. A meta-analysis of 70 studies that reported bone regeneration based on new bone area showed a statistically significant favorable influence on bone tissue regeneration compared to the control groups (P<0.00001, standardized mean difference [SMD]=2.40, 95% CI: 1.55‒3.26; I 2=83%). Also, the meta-analysis of 14 studies that reported new bone regeneration based on bone volume showed a statistically significant favorable influence on bone tissue regeneration compared to the control groups (P=0.0003, SMD=1.85, 95% CI: 0.85‒2.85; I2=84%). Conclusion. This systematic review indicated that DPSCs in tissue regeneration therapy significantly affected bone tissue complex regeneration. However, more and less diverse preclinical studies will enable more powerful meta-analyses in the future.
Evaluation of biodentine pulpotomy in caries-exposed symptomatic vital mature permanent teeth in 9‒13-year-old children: A 24-month clinico-radiographic observation
Authors: Singh Archana , Kaur Harsimran , Soni Priyanka , Choudhary Rishika , Yeluri Ramakrishna
Published: February 2023

Background. The present study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of Biodentine pulpotomy for 24 months in symptomatic vital mature permanent teeth with caries exposure. Methods. Seventy-three patients with a chief complaint of spontaneous pain in permanent teeth were screened. Finally, 47 mature permanent teeth underwent a Biodentine pulpotomy procedure. Clinical evaluation of 47 teeth was carried out at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months and radiographic evaluations were made at 6, 12, and 24 months. The success of Biodentine pulpotomy was evaluated using Pearson’s chi-square test. The significance level was determined at P<0.05. Results. At 24 months, the clinical and radiographic success rate was 97.78%, with only one clinical failure at 9 months. Conclusion. The clinical and radiographic success of Biodentine pulpotomy was high (97.78%). Thus, Biodentine pulpotomy can be an alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) in symptomatic vital mature permanent teeth.
Correction to: Evaluation of pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position in children after adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy: A cephalometric study
Authors: Buyukcavus Muhammed Hilmi , Sari Ömer Faruk , Kocakara Gönül
Published: February 2023

In the article entitled "Evaluation of Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions and Hyoid Bone Position in Children After Adenoidectomy or Adenotonsillectomy: A Cephalometric Study" which appeared in J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospect 2022;16(2): 81-86. doi: 10.34172/joddd.2022.013, the name of the first author was misspelled. The correct name of the first author is Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus. The original version of the article has been updated to reflect these corrections.
Sildenafil Blunts Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Cholestasis
Authors: Ommati Mohammad Mehdi , Abdoli Narges , Firoozi Meisam , Akhlagh Alireza , Mazloomi Sahra , Mousavi Khadijeh , Niknahad Hossein , Heidari Reza
Published: February 2023

Background: Cholestasis is a multifaceted disease that influences not only the function of the liver but also affects many other organs. In this context, cholestasis-induced lung injury is a significant clinical complication. Unfortunately, there is no precise therapeutic option against cholestasis-associated lung injury. It has been revealed that oxidative stress and inflammatory response play a role in cholestasis-induced pulmonary damage. Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor used in the management of erectile dysfunction. Meanwhile, several experiments revealed the effects of sildenafil on oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sildenafil on cholestasis-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in cholestasis-induced lung injury. Methods: Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce cholestasis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of inflammatory cells, cytokine, and immunoglobulin were monitored at (3, 7, and 14 days after BDL surgery). Moreover, lung tissue histopathological alterations and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated. Results: A significant increase in BALF inflammatory cells, TNF-α, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) was evident in BDL animals. Moreover, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, vascular congestion, and hemorrhage were detected in the lung of BDL rats. Increased markers of oxidative stress were also evident in the lung of BDL animals. Sildenafil (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly blunted inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in the lung of cholestatic animals. Conclusion: The effects of sildenafil on inflammatory response and oxidative stress biomarkers seems to play a crucial role in its protective properties in the lung of cholestatic animals.
Formulation and Clinical Evaluation of A Topical Dosage Form of Alkanna orientalis Root Extract for Management of Pressure Lesions: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Clinical Trial
Authors: Lazarzareh Elham , Davami Babak , Valizadeh Hadi , Shahsavarinia Kavous , Nazemiyeh Hossein , Khodaie Laleh , Gharekhani Afshin
Published: February 2023

Background: Pressure lesions are chronic wounds causing the development of infection and inflammation into deeper structures and finally necrosis. In Persian medicine, Alkanna orientalis (Boraginaceae) has been used for centuries as a naturally derived remedy for managing lesions. A cross-sectional pilot clinical trial was conducted to assess the wound healing effect of an ointment made of chloroform extract of roots of A. orientalis (CERAO). Methods: Sixty patients (36 men and 24 women) diagnosed with bedsore staging 1-2 entered the study for one year. They were divided into two groups of control and treatment with equal proportions. The control group received conventional treatment from the hospital, including irrigation serum, mupirocin, phenytoin ointments, and gauze dressing. After rinsing and cleansing with normal saline, in the intervention group, patients received a thin layer of CERAO once daily for four weeks. Clinical outcomes were measured at weeks 2 and 4. Results: Recovery assessment was carried out by measuring wound area, days of epithelia formation, and complete wound closure. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P-value <0.05) in terms of the mentioned criteria. The recovery percentage was 26.7% and 60% for the control and treatment groups, respectively. In the control group, 16.7% of the study population experienced the development of wounds, while in the intervention group, wound progression was not observed. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study indicated that the clinical efficacy of CERAO could be promising and a replacement for conventional treatment of pressure ulcers.
Biological Effects of Melatonin on Telomere Length in Breast Cancer: A Review Article
Authors: Barari Elmira , Azarsina Golnoosh , Ferns Gordon A. , Pirouzpanah Saeed
Published: February 2023

There has been increasing interest in studying the effects of dietary factors on telomere length. The telomere is a noncoding DNA sequence including "TTAGGG" at the ends of chromosomes of vertebrates. The stability of telomere length is an important factor as a survival signal for cells and cancer prevention. Telomerase is a multi-subunit DNA polymerase that plays a crucial role in maintaining the telomere length, which is critical for the age-related pathogenesis of breast neoplasm. Some regulatory factors interfere with telomerase activity and therefore promote breast tumorigenesis. High telomerase activity and restoring telomere lengths are determined as key factors in progressing tumors to advanced stages of malignancies, which are highly estrogen-dependent in breast carcinogenesis. Melatonin is a hormone-like substance secreted by the pineal gland and has been reported to downregulate telomerase. It may therefore control telomere length in cancer cells. Certain malignancy-related biological pathways have recently been linked to telomere length, and this review provides new insights regarding the effects of melatonin on telomere length by reviewing the anticarcinogenic mechanisms underlying melatonin in relation to telomerase activity in breast carcinogenesis. Experimental insights presenting the effects of melatonin alone or in combination with drugs on enhancing therapeutic protocols were also reviewed, which could assist our understanding of this hormone-like substance and telomeres as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in breast cancer.
Application of 3D Printing in Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Evaluation of Administration Routes for Drug-Loaded Composites
Authors: Khatami Mohamad , Doniavi Ali , Allahyari Saeideh , Feizollahi Mahsa , Abazari Amir Musa , Fotouhi Mohamad
Published: February 2023

3D printing is a novel approach in the pharmaceutical field, but its usage has not been fully established. This method can promote drug therapy and overcome some traditional treatment challenges in different ways that are discussed in this paper. "One-size-fits-all", Large-scale production, and less patient and physician acceptability are some limitations that we will encounter in traditional therapy. Three-dimensional printing of pharmaceutical products is a versatile technology that needs specific attention. Droplet-based, extrusion-based, and laser-assisted 3D printers are three main techniques that can be used in this field. The limitations and advantages of this method have been discussed, highlighting potential innovative pathways towards the possibility of drug carriers’ usage in ink formulas. The administration pathway of drug-loaded composites is another critical issue in drug treatment strategies that have been discussed here. Oral drug delivery as a convenient method of systemic drug administration with significant patient preference is introduced as the most prevalent pathway that has been studied about 3D printed medicines. Finally, essential ethics and future directions of 3D printing in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries are outlined.
Experimental, Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Codeine Phosphate Dissolution in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone + Ethanol
Authors: Rezaei Homa , Kuentz Martin , Zhao Hongkun , Rahimpour Elaheh , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: February 2023

Background: There is only limited data for solubility of codeine phosphate in binary systems available, which comes with uncertainties about the prediction accuracy of common thermodynamic models. Methods: This study investigated the codeine phosphate dissolution in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) and ethanol system using shake-flask method and mathematically described generated data by different thermodynamic models. The density as another property was also determined and fitted to the results of the Jouyban-Acree equation. The mean relative deviations were obtained to confirm the model’s accuracy. Moreover, ΔHº, ΔSº, and ΔGº of the dissolution of codeine phosphate in the NMP and ethanol system were calculated using the desired equations at Thm. Results: The dissolution process of codeine phosphate was identified as endotherm, the solubility in the binary mixtures was best at higher mass fractions of NMP and finally, the model predictions were deemed as excellent based on a mean relative deviation that was generally below eight percent. Conclusion: The results of this study could expand the available solubility database for codeine phosphate.
Role of Preclinical Arthritis Models for the Clinical Translation of Anti-Arthritic Therapeutics
Authors: Singha L Ronibala , Das Malay K
Published: February 2023

The overcomplicated and elusive pathophysiology with unclear etiology, have been the main driving force of the medical scientists all over the world to develop a predictive, reliable, robust and reproducible simulation model of arthritis. This review highlights osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with distinct conditions pertaining to each type of disease. The advances in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have been presented along with their pros and cons for antiarthritic drug discovery and formulation development. Additionally, the ethical issues to be considered while selecting animal models and handling them have been covered briefly. The current status quo on clinical trials of antiarthritic therapeutic interventions has also been covered.
Performing a multi-stage mathematical and informational task ‟Chaotic mappings” as a means of developing students' creativity
Authors: Sekovanov Valery S. , Katerzhina Svetlana F. , Rybina Larisa B. , Shaposhnikova Irina V.
Published: February 2023

This article describes the method of performing a multi-stage mathematical and informational task ‟Chaotic mappings”, aimed at developing students' creativity. The creative activities that the student performs in the process of solving multifaceted tasks are noted. A scheme is constructed-a plan for the implementation of a multi-stage mathematical and informational task. Examples of chaotic maps on both real and complex planes are given. The aesthetics of the Julia sets are indicated, with the help of which students are invited to create artistic compositions. The integration of mathematics and programming is noted. The creative qualities the students master in the process of performing a multi-stage mathematical and informational task are revealed.
The ratio of external and internal factors of career choice in the motivational sphere of technical university students
Authors: Popova Irina V. , Strausova Anna Al. , Kiselev Alexander Al.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the motivational component as an indicator of a person's psychological readiness for professional activity. Identification of motives, interests and intentions to work in a profession obtained at a technical university is a factor in managing the quality of training of young specialists. The formation of motives for choosing a profession is influenced by a set of measures aimed at preparing young people for a conscious choice of profession, taking into account the abilities of the employee and the situation on the labour market. The article describes the results of a study of the motivational sphere of students of Yaroslavl State Technical University, the purpose of which was to establish the relationship between the process of professional orientation in school years and the process of preparing future students for professional activity at the university. Using the results of the study, the correlation of external and internal factors of the formation of motives for choosing a future profession was revealed. The study recorded an input parameter for the formation of motivation for the professional activity of students of a technical university. The respondents' assessment of the ability to influence the desire to work in the taught specialty was obtained. The tendency of decreasing the role of secondary schools in the organisation of vocational guidance of high school students is confirmed. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are formulated for the formation of internal and external motivation for the profession among students of a technical university. It is concluded that the study of the process of motivating students to professional activity is a topical scientific task.
Independent work of university students in learning a foreign language
Authors: Krapivina Marina Yu.
Published: February 2023

The article considers the main problems that arise in the organization of independent training of students of non-linguistic specialties in the course of teaching foreign language communication. Independent work in foreign language training in the system of higher professional education is considered as a tool, a means of mastering the system of professional knowledge, methods of cognitive activity. The author has analysed theoretical approaches, Russian and foreign experience of pedagogic work. The methodological and organizational aspects of this problem were studied and structured. Taking into account modern conditions, the pedagogicpossibilities of combining traditional and distance forms of organization of independent work of students are considered. Based on the conducted experimental types of training, the optimal forms of presentation and organization of educational material were identified, aimed at developing students' abilities of creative thinking, research work with extended language material, independent organization of educational activities, and the individual approach to the implementation of educational tasks. As a result, methodological requirements and methods for optimizing the independent learning activities of university students in the new conditions of the hybrid system of the educational process at the university based on foreign experience and original research have been developed. The role of the teacher in the organization of independent activity, personalization of the language material, stimulation of the skills of its critical comprehension is shown. All presented organizational and pedagogic strategies have shown their effectiveness and can be implemented in the process of linguistic training of university students. Methodological grounds can serve as guidelines in the creation of educational and methodological developments.
Determination of pedagogic conditions for the formation of a responsible attitude to weapons in student youth
Authors: Dubensky Pavel I.
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the pedagogic conditions for the formation of an effective model of a responsible attitude to weapons among student youngsters. This process is characterised by duration, inconsistency, multifactoriality, is of particular importance in the modern world and Russian society, based on real prerequisites in Russian history, theory and foreign practice. The paper highlights the assessment of approaches to the formation of a meaningful component for the implementation of basic conditions. When creating a multi-layer specific subject-spatial environment, a characteristic of the model construction is given and special factors that determine its multi-layer nature are highlighted. When organising a rich moral and legal practice, the variability of methods, forms, approaches of work is considered, taking into account the needs of young people, the potential of institutions and integrity in the application of practice-oriented activities. Establishing continuous monitoring of changes in the volitional, emotional-value, effective-practical spheres of personality development stems from the need to organise systematic, effective activities, assess the potential of a changing situation in the youth environment. The identification of these conditions based on the results of monitoring work has shown its effectiveness and the possibility of application to other age groups. The formation of a responsible attitude to weapons acts as a creative model, assisting in the development of most personal qualities, such as independence, communication, success, stress resistance and others.
Implementing the principles of bilingual education in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Pomortseva Nadezhda P. , Avdeeva Valeria V.
Published: February 2023

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the necessity and complexity of implementing the principles of bilingual education in certain regions of the Russian Federation. At the present stage of development, the Russian Federation adheres to the principles of multiculturalism, multilingualism, multi-ethnicity, respect for national and cultural identity. In this regard, the experience gained by the Republic of Tatarstan in the implementation of a bilingual language policy is important. The wide coverage of the audience of different age of participants in the bilingual education programme, the variety of forms and methods of its implementation provide the authors with significant material for rendering the issue and making recommendations within the framework of the research problem. In the course of the work, the authors clarified the concept – the authors analysed the definition of the concept of “bilingualism”; summarised the best practices of the Republic of Tatarstan in the implementation of the language policy in various educational institutions of the Republic and in the field of out-of-school work. They classified the forms and methods of implementing this policy through social networks within the framework of the concept of bilingual youth policy of the Republic of Tatarstan. The research materials are of interest towards specialists on this issue, and can be widely used to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of bilingual language policy in the regions of the Russian Federation and worldwide.
Features of the emotional and evaluative component of the professional identity of a practical psychologist of the educational system in the process of professional genesis
Authors: Kubatina Yulia А.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyse the features of the development of the emotional component of the professional identity of practical psychologists in the education system. The author briefly considers approaches to the content of the phenomenon of professional identity, its components (cognitive, emotional and behavioral). An analysis of the results of an experimental study of the features of the development of the emotional component of professional identity in psychologists who are at different stages of their professional development, students and practicing psychologists in the education system, was carried out (graduate students of the Pedagogic University studying in the direction of Psychology, and practical psychologists of schools and preschool educational institutions with professional experience from 1 to 15 years and more). The obtained results indicate that if the majority of graduates have a neutral attitude towards the profession and everything connected with it, which also determines the average degree of activity within the framework of professional activity (this, in turn, can be determined by the specifics of the stage of becoming a specialist); thus, the higher the work experience of a psychologist is, the more positive is its attitude towards the profession and the higher its professional activity. Those in the course of the study, the author revealed the specific features of the relationship between the emotional attitude to the profession and the degree of activity in the professional field of activity, depending on the subject's professional genesis stage.
Ethnic Homology and China Identity Effect of Division-Unification Law in Ancient China
Authors: Lingfei Chen , Jianguang Yao
Published: February 2023

In the thousands of years of development and evolution of ancient China, sometimes it split, sometimes it unified, but after each division, there would be greater unification, which is the law of division and unification in ancient Chinese history. Why does this law come into being? The study found that there are two fundamental reasons: one is all major ethnic groups in China have common blood and ethnic origin. Second, based on this same root and homology, China complex and China identity effect were formed. The analysis of a large number of prehistoric myths and legends of Zhuang, Yao, Hun, Xianbei and many other ethnic groups, as well as the rich historical documents of the Central Plains Empire, shows that many ethnic groups that had appeared in history have consanguinity and cultural homology with the Central Plains, which was regarded as the core area of Chinese orthodox culture. Just because of the limitation of historical conditions, it was inconvenient for them to communicate with the Central Plains. As time goes on, the two sides did not understand enough and the development level was different, which gradually widened the gap.
Learning Cyber ​​Security and Machine Engineering at the University
Authors: Karuniawan Rickho Rizky , Santoso Sugeng , Fikri Muhamad Al , Argadilah M.
Published: February 2023

In this review, key literature reviews on network analysis and intrusion detection using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches are explained. It also provides a brief lesson description for each ML/DL procedure. This paper covers the datasets used in machine learning techniques, which are the main instruments for evaluating network traffic and detecting irregularities. Data holds a key role in ML/DL approaches. We also go into further detail about the problems with using ML/DL to cybersecurity and make suggestions for future research.
FAMILY HEALTH – A KEY FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF CHILD HEALTH
Authors: Georgieva Galya , Rashkova Pepa
Published: February 2023

Family is a kind of social system, the basic cell of society and is defined as a group of people who have a biological relationship with each other or are related, live together, and have a common budget. Each family, according to its structure, members, and dominant sex, is different, but its function and purpose of existence are the same. Among family members there is moral responsibility, social and physical necessity, reproduction, and maintenance of biological continuity. Educational, business, and economic relationships are also strongly expressed. On one hand family health is influenced by various risk factors, and on the other by family members with risky behavior or personal health status. There are specialists who, during various medical or non-medical procedures, can diagnose specific health problems or deviations from health norms of behavior of a member or members of one family. It is the family physician who knows the bio-psycho-social problems and risk factors of given family and can act to prevent or treat imbalances. Impaired family health reflects directly or indirectly on the health of all family members. The negative influence is essential and could subsequently lead to deterioration or complete disintegration of family health. Family can be an etiological factor for some diseases, but it can also have a decisive role in prevention of diseases, in taking care of one’s own health, in combating chronic diseases and in early detection of others. Family and child health are closely interdependent. The family environment in which a child grows up and the parental example determine the future character of a person, and what its attitude in future professional tasks, in healthy way of life and the principles of help and mutual aid will be. That is why the role of parental example influences the formation of, even builds the image of a future own family and the role of present child in that future family. The importance of parental behavior in relation to adolescent disruptive/risk-taking behavior should not be underestimated. Particularly important is the emphasis on factors external to the family unit, such as neighborhood, school, peers, and the media. Socio-economic factors should not be neglected either, because low incomes have negative impact and most often are the cause of improper diet and unbalanced nutrition, while poor housing conditions determine either poor-formed health and hygiene habits or their total absence. Since family has a leading role in formation of adolescents, its participation in health promotion is strongly recommended. These recommendations for family-focused health promotion are based in part on findings from several lines of research, including family aggregation and studies of parental influence on health during childhood and adolescence.