bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanopore sequencing at Mars, Europa, and microgravity conditions
Authors: Carr Christopher E. , Bryan Noelle C. , Saboda Kendall N. , Bhattaru Srinivasa A. , Ruvkun Gary , Zuber Maria T.
Published: September 2020

Nanopore sequencing, as represented by Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ MinION, is a promising technology for in situ life detection and for microbial monitoring including in support of human space exploration, due to its small size, low mass (~100 g) and low power (~1 W). Now ubiquitous on Earth and previously demonstrated on the International Space Station (ISS), nanopore sequencing involves translocation of DNA through a biological nanopore on timescales of milliseconds per base. Nanopore sequencing is now being done in both controlled lab settings as well as in diverse environments that include ground, air, and space vehicles. Future space missions may also utilize nanopore sequencing in reduced gravity environments, such as in the search for life on Mars (Earth-relative gravito-inertial acceleration (GIA) g = 0.378), or at icy moons such as Europa (g = 0.134) or Enceladus (g = 0.012). We confirm the ability to sequence at Mars as well as near Europa or Lunar (g = 0.166) and lower g levels, demonstrate the functionality of updated chemistry and sequencing protocols under parabolic flight, and reveal consistent performance across g level, during dynamic accelerations, and despite vibrations with significant power at translocation-relevant frequencies. Our work strengthens the use case for nanopore sequencing in dynamic environments on Earth and in space, including as part of the search for nucleic-acid based life beyond Earth.
Two-dimensional BN buffer for plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 gate dielectrics on graphene field effect transistors
Authors: Snure Michael , Vangala Shivashankar R. , Prusnick Timothy , Grzybowski Gordon , Crespo Antonio , Leedy Kevin D.
Published: September 2020

Here, we investigate the use of few-layer metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown BN as a two-dimensional buffer layer for plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) of Al2O3 on graphene for top gated field effect transistors (FETs). The reactive nature of PE-ALD enables deposition of thin (2 nm) dielectrics directly on graphene and other two-dimensional materials without the need for a seed or functionalization layer; however, this also leads to significant oxidation of the graphene layer as observed by Raman. In FETs, we find this oxidation destroys conductivity in the graphene channel. By transferring thin (1.6 nm) MOCVD BN layers on top of graphene channels prior to PE-ALD, the graphene is protected from oxidation enabling BN/Al2O3 layers as thin as 4 nm. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on BN films show no significant oxidation caused by PE-ALD of Al2O3. Inserting the BN layer creates an atomically abrupt interface significantly reducing interface charges between the graphene and Al2O3 as compared to use of a 2 nm Al buffer layer. This results in a much smaller Dirac voltage (− 1 V) and hysteresis (0.9 V) when compared to FETs with the Al layer (VDirac = − 6.1 V and hysteresis = 2.9 V).
Prodigiosin/PU-H71 as a novel potential combined therapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): preclinical insights
Authors: Anwar Mohammed Moustapha , Shalaby Manal , Embaby Amira M. , Saeed Hesham , Agwa Mona M. , Hussein Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite red pigment produced bySerratia marcescens, has an interesting apoptotic efficacy against cancer cell lines with low or no toxicity on normal cells. HSP90α is known as a crucial and multimodal target in the treatment of TNBC. Our research attempts to assess the therapeutic potential of prodigiosin/PU-H71 combination on MDA-MB-231 cell line. The transcription and protein expression levels of different signalling pathways were assessed. Treatment of TNBC cells with both drugs resulted in a decrease of the number of adherent cells with apoptotic effects. Prodigiosin/PU-H71 combination increased the levels of caspases 3,8 and 9 and decreased the levels of mTOR expression. Additionally, there was a remarkable decrease of HSP90α transcription and expression levels upon treatment with combined therapy. Also, EGFR and VEGF expression levels decreased. This is the first study to show that prodigiosin/PU-H71 combination had potent cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 cells; proving to play a paramount role in interfering with key signalling pathways in TNBC. Interestingly, prodigiosin might be a potential anticancer agent to increase the sensitivity of TNBC cells to apoptosis. This study provides a new basis for upcoming studies to overcome drug resistance in TNBC cells.
PCOSKBR2: a database of genes, diseases, pathways, and networks associated with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Sharma Mridula , Barai Ram Shankar , Kundu Indra , Bhaye Sameeksha , Pokar Khushal , Idicula-Thomas Susan
Published: September 2020

PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome KnowledgeBase (PCOSKBR2) is a manually curated database with information on 533 genes, 145 SNPs, 29 miRNAs, 1,150 pathways, and 1,237 diseases associated with PCOS. This data has been retrieved based on evidence gleaned by critically reviewing literature and related records available for PCOS in databases such as KEGG, DisGeNET, OMIM, GO, Reactome, STRING, and dbSNP. Since PCOS is associated with multiple genes and comorbidities, data mining algorithms for comorbidity prediction and identification of enriched pathways and hub genes are integrated in PCOSKBR2, making it an ideal research platform for PCOS. PCOSKBR2 is freely accessible at http://www.pcoskb.bicnirrh.res.in/.
Semi-transparent graphite films growth on Ni and their double-sided polymer-free transfer
Authors: Deokar Geetanjali , Genovese Alessandro , Surya Sandeep G. , Long Chen , Salama Khaled N. , Costa Pedro M. F. J.
Published: September 2020

Nanorange thickness graphite films (NGFs) are robust nanomaterials that can be produced via catalytic chemical vapour deposition but questions remain regarding their facile transfer and how surface topography may affect their application in next-generation devices. Here, we report the growth of NGFs (with an area of 55 cm2 and thickness of ~ 100 nm) on both sides of a polycrystalline Ni foil and their polymer-free transfer (front- and back-side, in areas up to 6 cm2). Due to the catalyst foil topography, the two carbon films differed in physical properties and other characteristics such as surface roughness. We demonstrate that the coarser back-side NGF is well-suited for NO2 sensing, whereas the smoother and more electrically conductive front-side NGF (2000 S/cm, sheet resistance − 50 Ω/sq) could be a viable conducting channel or counter electrode in solar cells (as it transmits 62% of visible light). Overall, the growth and transfer processes described could help realizing NGFs as an alternative carbon material for those technological applications where graphene and micrometer-thick graphite films are not an option.
Bulk-like dielectric and magnetic properties of sub 100 nm thick single crystal Cr2O3 films on an epitaxial oxide electrode
Authors: Vu N. M. , Luo X. , Novakov S. , Jin W. , Nordlander J. , Meisenheimer P. B. , Trassin M. , Zhao L. , Heron J. T.
Published: September 2020

The manipulation of antiferromagnetic order in magnetoelectric Cr2O3 using electric field has been of great interest due to its potential in low-power electronics. The substantial leakage and low dielectric breakdown observed in twinned Cr2O3 thin films, however, hinders its development in energy efficient spintronics. To compensate, large film thicknesses (250 nm or greater) have been employed at the expense of device scalability. Recently, epitaxial V2O3 thin film electrodes have been used to eliminate twin boundaries and significantly reduce the leakage of 300 nm thick single crystal films. Here we report the electrical endurance and magnetic properties of thin (less than 100 nm) single crystal Cr2O3 films on epitaxial V2O3 buffered Al2O3 (0001) single crystal substrates. The growth of Cr2O3 on isostructural V2O3 thin film electrodes helps eliminate the existence of twin domains in Cr2O3 films, therefore significantly reducing leakage current and increasing dielectric breakdown. 60 nm thick Cr2O3 films show bulk-like resistivity (~ 1012 Ω cm) with a breakdown voltage in the range of 150–300 MV/m. Exchange bias measurements of 30 nm thick Cr2O3 display a blocking temperature of ~ 285 K while room temperature optical second harmonic generation measurements possess the symmetry consistent with bulk magnetic order.
Development and diapause induction of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at different photoperiods
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahbub , Chowdhory Sayla Aktar , Rahman A. S. M. Shafiqur , Athanassiou Christos G.
Published: September 2020

Diapause concerns the fascinating phenomenon in the biology of insect development which allows better understanding the local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to seasonal variations in environment. There is lot of reasons to carry out the research on diapause both for fundamental and applied sciences. Photoperiod is one of the main environmental cues followed by insects to predict the forthcoming seasonal changes and to adapt these changes in their life-history traits. Thus, the effect of different photoperiod regimes on development and diapause induction of larvae of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) was evaluated at a constant temperature of 17 °C. Development was significantly faster at a photoperiod of 12:12 light:darkness (L:D) than at 8:16, 10:14, 14:10 and 16:8 L:D. A photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) induced most larvae (≥ 71%) to enter diapause, while this percentage was slightly lower (60%) at both shorter(8 h) and longer (16 h) day lengths (50%). The different photoperiod regimes did not affect the percentage of adult emergence. Fat and protein composition of the diapausing larvae differed significantly among treatments as well as between diapausing and non-diapausing larvae. Larvae developing from 8:16 (L:D) contained the maximum amount of protein (36.8%) compared to other regimes, while the minimum amount (21.0%) was noted in larvae that developed at 16:8 (L:D). Six types of fatty acids were detected in the larvae: myristic acid (methyl tetradecenoate), palmitoleic acid (9-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester), palmitic acid (hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester), linoleic acid (9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z), methyl ester), oleic acid [9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (E)] and stearic acid (octadecanoic acid, methyl ester). The results also reveal that the percent of fatty acids detected in the diapausing larvae varies significantly and the same trends imply in the interaction of fatty acid and photoperiod regimes. Moreover, three quarters of the total variance was accounted for by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the fatty acids. Different proportions of fatty acids were noted among treatments, suggesting that photoperiod influences a number of key biological traits in P. interpunctella, much more than the percentage of the diapausing larvae per se.
Discovering the indigenous microbial communities associated with the natural fermentation of sap from the cider gum Eucalyptus gunnii
Authors: Varela Cristian , Sundstrom Joanna , Cuijvers Kathleen , Jiranek Vladimir , Borneman Anthony
Published: September 2020

Over the course of human history and in most societies, fermented beverages have had a unique economic and cultural importance. Before the arrival of the first Europeans in Australia, Aboriginal people reportedly produced several fermented drinks including mangaitch from flowering cones of Banksia and way-a-linah from Eucalyptus tree sap. In the case of more familiar fermented beverages, numerous microorganisms, including fungi, yeast and bacteria, present on the surface of fruits and grains are responsible for the conversion of the sugars in these materials into ethanol. Here we describe native microbial communities associated with the spontaneous fermentation of sap from the cider gum Eucalyptus gunnii, a Eucalyptus tree native to the remote Central Plateau of Tasmania. Amplicon-based phylotyping showed numerous microbial species in cider gum samples, with fungal species differing greatly to those associated with winemaking. Phylotyping also revealed several fungal sequences which do not match known fungal genomes suggesting novel yeast species. These findings highlight the vast microbial diversity associated with the Australian Eucalyptus gunnii and the native alcoholic beverage way-a-linah.
Self-similar transport, spin polarization and thermoelectricity in complex silicene structures
Authors: Rodríguez-González R. , Gaggero-Sager L. M. , Rodríguez-Vargas I.
Published: September 2020

2D materials open the possibility to study Dirac electrons in complex self-similar geometries. The two-dimensional nature of materials like graphene, silicene, phosphorene and transition-metal dichalcogenides allow the nanostructuration of complex geometries through metallic electrodes, interacting substrates, strain, etc. So far, the only 2D material that presents physical properties that directly reflect the characteristics of the complex geometries is monolayer graphene. In the present work, we show that silicene nanostructured in complex fashion also displays self-similar characteristics in physical properties. In particular, we find self-similar patterns in the conductance, spin polarization and thermoelectricity of Cantor-like silicene structures. These complex structures are generated by modulating electrostatically the silicene local bandgap in Cantor-like fashion along the structure. The charge carriers are described quantum relativistically by means of a Dirac-like Hamiltonian. The transfer matrix method, the Landauer–Büttiker formalism and the Cutler–Mott formula are used to obtain the transmission, transport and thermoelectric properties. We numerically derive scaling rules that connect appropriately the self-similar conductance, spin polarization and Seebeck coefficient patterns. The scaling rules are related to the structural parameters that define the Cantor-like structure such as the generation and length of the system as well as the height of the potential barriers. As far as we know this is the first time that a 2D material beyond monolayer graphene shows self-similar quantum transport as well as that transport related properties like spin polarization and thermoelectricity manifest self-similarity.
Preclinical efficacy of CIGB-300, an anti-CK2 peptide, on breast cancer metastasic colonization
Authors: Gottardo Maria F. , Capobianco Carla S. , Sidabra Johanna E. , Garona Juan , Perera Yasser , Perea Silvio E. , Alonso Daniel F. , Farina Hernan G.
Published: September 2020

CK2 is a serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in breast cancer and its inhibition is associated to reduced tumor growth and disease progression. CIGB-300 is an antitumor peptide with a novel mechanism of action, since it binds to protein kinase CK2 catalytic subunit alpha and to CK2 substrates thus preventing the enzyme activity. Our aim was to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of CIGB-300 on breast cancer disease using experimental models with translational relevance. We demonstrated that CIGB-300 reduces breast cancer cell growth in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and F3II cells, exerting a pro-apoptotic action and cell cycle arrest. We also found that CIGB-300 decreased cell adhesion, migration and clonogenic capacity of malignant cells. Effect on experimental breast cancer lung metastasis was evaluated after surgical removal of primary F3II tumors or after tail vein injection of tumor cells, also we evaluated CIGB-300 effect on spontaneous lung metastasis in an orthotopic model. Systemic CIGB-300 treatment inhibited breast cancer colonization of the lung, reducing the size and number of metastatic lesions. The present preclinical study establishes for the first time the efficacy of CIGB-300 on breast cancer. These encouraging results suggest that CIGB-300 could be used for the management of breast cancer as an adjuvant therapy after surgery, limiting tumor metastatic spread and thus protecting the patient from distant recurrence.
Author Correction: Single-cell analysis of EphA clustering phenotypes to probe cancer cell heterogeneity
Authors: Ravasio Andrea , Myaing Myint Z. , Chia Shumei , Arora Aditya , Sathe Aneesh , Cao Elaine Yiqun , Bertocchi Cristina , Sharma Ankur , Arasi Bakya , Chung Vin Yee , Green Adrianne C. , Tan Tuan Zea , Chen Zhongwen , Ong Hui Ting , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Huang Ruby YunJu , DasGupta Ramanuj , Groves Jay T. , Viasnoff Virgile
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Chemometrics for environmental monitoring: a review
Authors: Dupont Madeleine F. , Elbourne Aaron , Cozzolino Daniel , Chapman James , Truong Vi Khanh , Crawford Russell J. , Latham Kay
Published: September 2020

Chemometrics is used to analyse complex, multivariate data for environmental monitoring.
Combinatorial discovery of Mo-based polyoxometalate clusters for tumor photothermal therapy and normal cell protection
Authors: Zhao Wancheng , Wang Jingguo , Wang Henan , Lu Shuting , Song Yan , Chen Haixu , Ma Yan , Wang Lei , Sun Tiedong
Published: September 2020

Molybdenum (Mo)-based polyoxometalate clusters can kill cancer cells selectively by PTT assay and protect the normal cells by scavenging ROS effectively.
Overcoming therapeutic failure in osteosarcomaviaApatinib-encapsulated hydrophobic poly(ester amide) nanoparticles
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Wang Liying , Wang Li , Yu Jiaming , Lu Guohao , Zhao Wei , Miao Congxiu , Zou Changye , Wu Jun
Published: September 2020

A nano-Apatinib delivery system overcomes drug resistance by targeting osteosarcoma stem-like cells.
Bi(OAc)3/chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed enantioselective allylation of seven-membered cyclic imines, dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines
Authors: Cai Liu , Pan Yu-Liang , Chen Li , Cheng Jin-Pei , Li Xin
Published: September 2020

An efficient asymmetric allylation reaction of allylboronates with seven-membered cyclic imines, dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines, is described.
First-principles calculations of anharmonic and deuteration effects on the photophysical properties of polyacenes and porphyrinoids
Authors: Valiev R. R. , Nasibullin R. T. , Cherepanov V. N. , Baryshnikov G. V. , Sundholm D. , Ågren H. , Minaev B. F. , Kurtén T.
Published: September 2020

A new method for calculating internal conversion rate constants (kIC), including anharmonic effects and using the Lagrangian multiplier technique, is proposed.
Cobalt-containing zeolitic imidazole frameworks for C–H activation using visible-light redox photocatalysis
Authors: Potter Matthew E. , Ross Cameron P. , Gianolio Diego , Rios Ramon , Raja Robert
Published: September 2020

Rationalising the photocatalytic activity of different cobalt ZIFs, provides an improved understanding of photocatalytic C–H activation.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on silica-supported vanadyl sites promoted with sodium metavanadate
Authors: Nadjafi Manouchehr , Kierzkowska Agnieszka M. , Abdala Paula M. , Verel Rene , Safonova Olga V. , Fedorov Alexey , Müller Christoph R.
Published: September 2020

[VO4]/SiO2 promoted with NaVO3 polymorphs (α or β) shows higher initial activity in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (increase by 30 and 125%, respectively) compared to that of unpromoted [VO4]/SiO2 at similar vanadium loadings.
Alkaline-earth complexes with macrocyclic-functionalised bis(phenolate)s and bis(fluoroalkoxide)s
Authors: Hammoud Joanna , Abou-Khalil Fatima , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Bour Christophe , Gandon Vincent , Lebœuf David , Carpentier Jean-François , Sarazin Yann
Published: September 2020

The syntheses and structural features of several families of well-defined complexes of the large alkaline earths (calcium, strontium and barium) bearing dianionic, multidentate bis(phenolato) or bis(fluoroalkoxo) ligands are presented.
Boron difluoride formazanates with thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene capping and their electrochemical polymerization
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Agrawal Abhijeet R. , Ghosh Nani Gopal , Karmakar Himadri S. , Das Sarasija , Kumar Neha Rani , Banewar Vishal W. , Zade Sanjio S.
Published: September 2020

BF2 formazanates with thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene capping, prospective candidates for ambipolar semiconductors, have been synthesized and polymerized electrochemically.
Cu-Catalyzed P–C bond formation/cleavage: straightforward synthesis/ring-expansion of strained cyclic phosphoniums
Authors: Duval Maryne , Blons Charlie , Mallet-Ladeira Sonia , Delcroix Damien , Magna Lionel , Olivier-Bourbigou Hélène , Sosa Carrizo E. Daiann , Miqueu Karinne , Amgoune Abderrahmane , Szalóki György , Bourissou Didier
Published: September 2020

Upon reaction with copper(i), peri-halo naphthyl phosphines readily form peri-bridged naphthyl phosphonium salts.
Challenges in the material and structural design of zinc anode towards high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Du Wencheng , Ang Edison Huixiang , Yang Yang , Zhang Yufei , Ye Minghui , Li Cheng Chao
Published: September 2020

This review summarizes recent progresses in material and structural designs of zinc anodes for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
The persistence of a proxy for cooking emissions in megacities: a kinetic study of the ozonolysis of self-assembled films by simultaneous small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and Raman microscopy
Authors: Milsom Adam , Squires Adam M. , Woden Ben , Terrill Nicholas J. , Ward Andrew D. , Pfrang Christian
Published: September 2020

We report an ozonolysis kinetics study on a semi-solid (self-assembled) proxy for cooking emissions, revealing film thickness- and phase-dependent reactivity.
Refined sorghum flours precooked by extrusion enhance the integrity of the colonic mucosa barrier and promote a hepatic antioxidant environment in growing Wistar rats
Authors: Galán María Gimena , Cian Raúl Esteban , Albarracín Micaela , López-Oliva Muñoz María Elvira , Weisstaub Adriana , Zuleta Angela , Drago Silvina Rosa
Published: September 2020

Extruded refined sorghum flours have enough polyphenols and fermentable fibre to enhance colonic mucosa integrity and promote an antioxidant environment.
The influence of calcium on pectin's impact on TLR2 signalling
Authors: Beukema Martin , Jermendi Éva , Schols Henk A. , de Vos Paulus
Published: September 2020

Addition of calcium reduces TLR2 inhibition by low and intermediate DM pectins, whereas calcium is hardly impacting TLR2 inhibition by high DM.
A renewable co-solvent promoting the selective removal of lignin by increasing the total number of hydrogen bonds
Authors: Yang Yongqing , Yang Shaoqi , Yao Xiaoqian , Kang Ying , Xin Jiayu , El-Tantawy El-Sayed Ibrahim , Xu Junli , Lu Xingmei
Published: September 2020

Four renewable HBS were chosen as co-solvents to promote the selective removal of lignin by increasing the total number of hydrogen bonds.
A case study targeting K fertilizer chemical synthesis with complete valorization of extraction by-products as an option
Authors: Yuan Jiangyan , Ma Hongwen , Guo Ruoyu , Ma Xi , Komarneni Sridhar
Published: September 2020

A green and sustainable chemical route to extract potassium and realize maximum utilization of potassium-rich silicate minerals.
Efficient NO2 sensing performance of a low-cost nanostructured sensor derived from molybdenite concentrate
Authors: Hojamberdiev Mirabbos , Goel Neeraj , Kumar Rahul , Kadirova Zukhra C. , Kumar Mahesh
Published: September 2020

Molybdenite concentrate from the mining-metallurgy industry is characterized as a valuable material for the fabrication of an efficient and low-cost nanostructured gas sensor.
3D-printed Cu2O photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Ahn Jinhyuck , Lee Sanghyeon , Kim Jung Hyun , Wajahat Muhammad , Sim Ho Hyung , Bae Jongcheon , Pyo Jaeyeon , Jahandar Muhammad , Lim Dong Chan , Seol Seung Kwon
Published: September 2020

Cu2O 3D photoelectrode for PEC water splitting are realized by a sequential process including extrusion-based 3D printing and electrodeposition.
Polarization-dependent asymmetric transmission using a bifacial metasurface
Authors: Sung Jangwoon , Lee Gun-Yeal , Choi Chulsoo , Hong Jongwoo , Lee Byoungho
Published: September 2020

Using linearly birefringent structure and induced transmission, asymmetric transmission with arbitrary polarization pair has been realized through metasurfaces, with impartment of two different phases into transmission and reflection space.
Prediction of premature rupture of membranes via simultaneous detection of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 by a SERS-based immunochromatographic assay
Authors: Xia Ji , Lu Dan , Liu Yifan , Ran Menglin , Shang Jiaowei , Bi Liyan , Cao Xiaowei
Published: September 2020

The rapid and sensitive detection strip with two test lines was developed based on SERS for the early screening of PROM.
Functional inks and extrusion-based 3D printing of 2D materials: a review of current research and applications
Authors: Hassan Kamrul , Nine Md Julker , Tung Tran Thanh , Stanley Nathan , Yap Pei Lay , Rastin Hadi , Yu Le , Losic Dusan
Published: September 2020

Graphene and related 2D materials offer an ideal platform for next generation disruptive technologies and in particular the potential to produce printed electronic devices with low cost and high throughput.
Design guidelines for transition metals as interstitial emitters in silicon nanocrystals to tune photoluminescence properties: zinc as biocompatible example
Authors: König Dirk , Tilley Richard D. , Smith Sean C.
Published: September 2020

General photoluminescence design rules for interstitial transition-metal-doped silicon nanocrystals are derived; Zn shows excellent properties for medical imaging and plasmonic microwave excitation to exactly eliminate marked cells.
Use of solid-supported 4-fluorophenyl 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenate in the construction of disulfide-linked hybrid molecules
Authors: Cui Yan , Taguchi Akihiro , Kobayashi Kiyotaka , Shida Hayate , Takayama Kentaro , Taniguchi Atsuhiko , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: September 2020

A new solid-supported 4-fluorophenyl 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenate is useful for the efficient synthesis of a cyclic peptide and a disulfide-linked glycoconjugate.
BF3·OEt2-mediated cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes and hydrazones with N-(arylthio/arylseleno)succinimides: an efficient approach to synthesize isoxazoles or dihydropyrazoles
Authors: Yu Wei , Yang Shichao , Wang Pei-Long , Li Pinhua , Li Hongji
Published: September 2020

An efficient BF3·OEt2-mediated cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes and tosylhydrazones with N-(arylthio/arylseleno)succinimides has been established for building isoxazoles and dihydropyrazoles.
Aldehydes: magnificent acyl equivalents for direct acylation
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Dutta Sriparna , Kumar Sandeep , Bahadur Vijay , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Vimaleswaran Karani Santhanarishnan , Parmar Virinder S. , Singh Brajendra K.
Published: September 2020

This review sheds light on the use of aldehydes in the selective acylation of arene, heteroarene and alkyl (sp3, sp2and sp) C–H bonds by proficient utilization of the C–H activation strategy.
An organocatalytic domino Michael addition strategy: construction of bispiro[oxindole-thiazolidinone-hexahydroxanthone]s with five contiguous stereocenters
Authors: Song Yong-Xing , Lin Ye , Yan Li , Du Da-Ming
Published: September 2020

An efficient squaramide-catalyzed domino Michael addition for the stereoselective synthesis of bispiro[oxindole-thiazolidinone-hexahydroxanthone]s in good to excellent yields with excellent stereoselectivities was developed.
Near-infrared phosphorescent terpyridine osmium(ii) photosensitizer complexes for photodynamic and photooxidation therapy
Authors: Ge Chen , Zhu Jiayi , Ouyang Ai , Lu Nong , Wang Yi , Zhang Qianling , Zhang Pingyu
Published: September 2020

NIR phosphorescent terpyridine Os(ii) complexes can produce singlet oxygen and oxidize NADH under both blue and red light irradiation.
Exploiting the labile site in dinuclear [Pd2L2]n+ metallo-cycles: multi-step control over binding affinity without alteration of core host structure
Authors: Kolien James , Inglis Amanda R. , Vasdev Roan A. S. , Howard Ben I. , Kruger Paul E. , Preston Dan
Published: September 2020

Synthetic metallosupramolecular systems have generally been binary (on/off) when they have control over molecular recognition. This report details a dipalladium(ii) system with four-step graduated control over recognition for a guest.
ADMET polymers: synthesis, structure elucidation, and function
Authors: Pribyl Julia , Wagener Kenneth B. , Rojas Giovanni
Published: September 2020

This review comprehensively surveys ADMET polymer synthesis and secondary structure, and discusses how these advances have led to functional precision polymers.
Physicochemical surface-structure studies of highly active zirconocene polymerisation catalysts on solid polymethylaluminoxane activating supports
Authors: Kilpatrick Alexander F. R. , Rees Nicholas H. , Turner Zoë R. , Buffet Jean-Charles , O’Hare Dermot
Published: September 2020

Static 91Zr ssNMR, SEM-EDX, and DRIFT spectroscopy indicate that a common zirconium species, [CpR2ZrMe]+, is present in all sMAO supported catalyst systems.
An intermolecular-split G-quadruplex DNAzyme sensor for dengue virus detection
Authors: Ida Jeunice , Kuzuya Akinori , Choong Yee Siew , Lim Theam Soon
Published: September 2020

Application of split G-quadruplex as DNAzyme reporter system for DNA sensing.
The in situ preparation of iron phosphide using ionic liquids as iron and phosphorus sources for efficient hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Chen Yanping , Li Tianhao , Zhao Qichao , Liu Dingyu , Li Chang Ming
Published: September 2020

Ionic liquids (ILs) were utilized as iron and phosphorus sources for the preparation of iron phosphide for the first time.
Carbon fibers for treatment of cancer metastasis in bone
Authors: Kamanaka Takayuki , Haniu Hisao , Tanaka Manabu , Takizawa Takashi , Aoki Kaoru , Okamoto Masanori , Sobajima Atsushi , Yoshida Kazushige , Ideta Hirokazu , Mimura Tetsuhiko , Ishida Haruka , Ueda Katsuya , Uemura Takeshi , Kim Jin Hee , Kim Yoong Ahm , Kato Hiroyuki , Saito Naoto
Published: September 2020

Local administration of cisplatin-conjugated carbon fibers is expected to become the first therapy to suppress cancer growth with low prevalence of adverse reactions, and to repair bone damaged by metastasis.
Molecular crowding induces primer extension by RNA polymerase through base stacking beyond Watson–Crick rules
Authors: Takahashi Shuntaro , Okura Hiromichi , Chilka Pallavi , Ghosh Saptarshi , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: September 2020

Primer extension by T7 RNA polymerase showed preference of monomer through base stacking beyond Watson–Crick rules under molecular crowding condition.
Highly conductive and transient tracks based on silver flakes and a polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite
Authors: Ding Su , Cai Qingfeng , Mao Jintao , Chen Fei , Fu Li , Lv Yanfei , Zhao Shichao
Published: September 2020

Transient electronics have been widely researched to solve the electronic waste (E-waste) issue.
Active shape oscillations of giant vesicles with cyclic closure and opening of membrane necks
Authors: Christ Simon , Litschel Thomas , Schwille Petra , Lipowsky Reinhard
Published: September 2020

During each active oscillation cycle, the vesicle shape undergoes a symmetry-breaking transformation from an up-down symmetric to an up-down asymmetric dumbbell followed by the reverse symmetry-restoring transformation.
High-performance sodium-ion storage: multi-channel carbon nanofiber freestanding anode contrived via ingenious solvent-induced phase separation
Authors: Ren Qingjuan , Shi Zhiqiang , Yan Lei , Zhang Fuming , Fan Linlin , Zhang Lijun , Lv Wenjie
Published: September 2020

Solvent-induced phase separation was introduced to produce multi-channel carbon nanofibers, delivering excellent sodium-ion storage capability and rate performance.
4,4′,5,5′-Tetraamino-3,3′-azo-bis-1,2,4-triazole and the electrosynthesis of high-performing insensitive energetic materials
Authors: Yount Joseph R. , Zeller Matthias , Byrd Edward F. C. , Piercey Davin G.
Published: September 2020

Electrochemical azo coupling of guanazine yields novel thermally insensitive high-explosive. DFT and EXPLO6.05 calculations reveal energetic properties that rival RDX making this a potentially cheap, and green alternative to traditional energetics.
Vanadium sulfide based materials: synthesis, energy storage and conversion
Authors: Liu Yang-Yi , Xu Liang , Guo Xiao-Tian , Lv Ting-Ting , Pang Huan
Published: September 2020

The synthetic methods for vanadium sulfide based materials and their applications in energy storage and conversion are discussed.
Correction: High-aspect-ratio water-dispersed gold nanowires incorporated within gelatin methacrylate hydrogels for constructing cardiac tissues in vitro
Authors: Li Xiao-Pei , Qu Kai-Yun , Zhang Feng , Jiang Han-Ning , Zhang Ning , Cheraga Nihad , Liu Chao-Ming , Wu Kai-Hong , Wang Xiao-Wei , Huang Ning-Ping
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘High-aspect-ratio water-dispersed gold nanowires incorporated within gelatin methacrylate hydrogels for constructing cardiac tissues in vitro’ by Xiao-Pei Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2020, 8, 7213–7224, DOI: 10.1039/D0TB00768D.
Thermal properties of metal-halide perovskites
Authors: Haeger Tobias , Heiderhoff Ralf , Riedl Thomas
Published: September 2020

The thermal properties of metal-halide perovskites are reviewed with respect to experimental findings, theoretical insights, dimensionalities, and phase transitions.
Structural–functional diversity of malaria parasite's PfHSP70-1 and PfHSP40 chaperone pair gives an edge over human orthologs in chaperone-assisted protein folding
Authors: Anas Mohammad , Shukla Ankita , Tripathi Aradhya , Kumari Varsha , Prakash Chetan , Nag Priyabrata , Kumar L. Sathish , Sharma Sandeep K. , Ramachandran Ravishankar , Kumar Niti
Published: September 2020

Plasmodium falciparum, the human malaria parasite harbors a metastable proteome which is vulnerable to proteotoxic stress conditions encountered during its lifecycle. How parasite's chaperone machinery is able to maintain its aggregation-prone proteome in functional state, is poorly understood. As HSP70–40 system forms the central hub in cellular proteostasis, we investigated the protein folding capacity of PfHSP70-1 and PfHSP40 chaperone pair and compared it with human orthologs (HSPA1A and DNAJA1). Despite the structural similarity, we observed that parasite chaperones and their human orthologs exhibit striking differences in conformational dynamics. Comprehensive biochemical investigations revealed that PfHSP70-1 and PfHSP40 chaperone pair has better protein folding, aggregation inhibition, oligomer remodeling and disaggregase activities than their human orthologs. Chaperone-swapping experiments suggest that PfHSP40 can also efficiently cooperate with human HSP70 to facilitate the folding of client-substrate. SPR-derived kinetic parameters reveal that PfHSP40 has higher binding affinity towards unfolded substrate than DNAJA1. Interestingly, the observed slow dissociation rate of PfHSP40-substrate interaction allows PfHSP40 to maintain the substrate in folding-competent state to minimize its misfolding. Structural investigation through small angle x-ray scattering gave insights into the conformational architecture of PfHSP70-1 (monomer), PfHSP40 (dimer) and their complex. Overall, our data suggest that the parasite has evolved functionally diverged and efficient chaperone machinery which allows the human malaria parasite to survive in hostile conditions. The distinct allosteric landscapes and interaction kinetics of plasmodial chaperones open avenues for the exploration of small-molecule based antimalarial interventions.
Inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction indices among Egyptian females with obesity classes I–III
Authors: Mohamed Amal Ahmed , Shousha Wafaa Gh. , Zaki Moushira Erfan , El-Bassyouni Hala T. , El-Hanafi Hadeel , Abdo Sara M.
Published: September 2020

Background: Obesity is an alarming threat to health in Egypt. More than one in three Egyptians is obese, the highest rate in the world. We aimed to delineate the variability of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction markers among Egyptian females with different obesity classes. Methods: Out of 130 females, 70 were categorized into three obesity groups: Class I, body mass index (BMI) 30–34.9 kg/m2; Class II, BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2 and Class III BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2, besides 60 control subjects. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) 6 (IL-6), IL-12, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were assessed among participants. Results: In all three classes of obesity, significant increase (P <0.05) in BMI, waist-hip ratio, fat mass and body fat mass % were noted. CRP and sVCAM-1 levels were increased among the three obesity groups. TNF-α levels were increased in class II and III obesity groups. IL-6 and IL-12 levels were elevated in class I and class III groups. While, ICAM-1 levels were increased in class III obesity group. Conclusion: Based on individuals’ BMI, serum levels of TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-12, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 are differentially altered with the progression of obesity. We strongly support the hypothesis that, as the obesity rate is still mounting, a subclinical inflammatory reaction has a role in pathogenesis of obesity and emphasize the elevation of endothelial dysfunction in individuals with obesity.
An overview on botrytized wines
Authors: Kallitsounakis Georgios , Catarino Sofia
Published: September 2020

Noble rot wine is a specific type of sweet wine that derives from the infection of grape berries by a fungus calledBotrytis cinerea. These wines are produced in specific wine regions around the world, with Sauternes region of France and Tokay region of Hungary being the most famous ones. The purpose of the current article is to provide a systematic review on the different stages of botrytized wines production, including a detailed analysis of the technical aspects involved. Specifically, it describes the process and development of berry infection byB. cinerea, and special emphasis is given to the main stages and operations of winemaking, conservation, aging and stabilization. A complex combination of a number of parameters (e.g., very specific environmental conditions) explains the rarity of noble rot occurrence and highlights the uniqueness of botrytized wines.
Assistierte Peritonealdialyse für den geriatrischen Patienten
Authors: Bergner Franziska
Published: September 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die assistierte Peritonealdialyse (aPD). Er gibt einen Überblick darüber, wie sich die Lebensqualität bei den älteren und multimorbiden Patienten verbessern kann. Dabei wird beschrieben, wie sich besonders der betagte Patient an der Hämodialyse fühlt und welche Wünsche er hinsichtlich seiner Behandlung hat. Der zweite Teil des Artikels bezieht sich auf die Vorteile seitens des Patienten, welche sich aus der assistierten Peritonealdialyse für ihn ergeben. Der dritte Abschnitt erklärt die Organisation und Umsetzung dieser Behandlung. Ziel soll es sein, die assistierte Peritonealdialyse mehr in den Vordergrund zu rücken.
Lernen und Lehren
Authors: Hünninghaus Sarah , Schütz Jana
Published: September 2020

In den letzten Jahren hat sich das Lernen und Lehren sehr verändert. Aber welche Möglichkeiten gibt es? Für viele ist und bleibt das Lernen und Lehren mit Papier und Stift das Mittel der Wahl. Es gibt zahlreiche Fachliteratur in Zeitschriften und Buchform. Dann können in vielen Dingen auch Lexika zurate gezogen werden. Seit einiger Zeit wird das Lernen und Lehren immer digitaler. Es hat sich jedoch nur das Medium geändert. Sowohl früher als auch heute ist es besonders in einem so speziellen Bereich wie der Nephrologie und der Dialyse wichtig, auf dem Laufenden zu bleiben. Es ist nur möglich, weiterzukommen, wenn man sich selbst dafür interessiert, auf dem neuesten Stand zu bleiben.
AKI-Alerts
Authors: Khadzhynov Dmytro , Schmidt Danilo , Schmidt-Ott Kai M.
Published: September 2020

In Anbetracht der hohen Inzidenz und Mortalität von AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) sowie der unzureichenden Erkennung von AKI-Episoden im klinischen Alltag, sind AKI-Frühwarnsysteme ein einfacher und naheliegender Ansatz, um die Versorgung von AKI-Patienten zu verbessern. Obwohl AKI-Alerts in prospektiven Studien bisher keine konsistenten Effekte auf die Krankenhausmortalität zeigten, gibt es deutliche Hinweise, dass sie klinische Prozesse sowie Surrogat-Endpunkte verbessern und somit zur Qualitätsverbesserung im Krankenhaus beitragen. Dabei scheint insbesondere eine Kopplung des Alarmsystems an standardisierte klinische Prozesse entscheidend zu sein. Da diese Prozesse krankenhaus- und abteilungsspezifische Besonderheiten aufweisen und sich derzeit in der Abwesenheit einer überzeugenden Studienlage nicht universell definieren lassen, sollten Kliniken, die AKI-Alert-Systeme implementieren, die Effektivität dieser Maßnahme systematisch evaluieren.
Frühmobilisierung – wann ist der beste Zeitpunkt?
Authors: Grau Pauline , Bräuning Jochen
Published: September 2020

Die Akutversorgung von Schlaganfällen zielt auf die frühe Rehabilitation der Betroffenen. Die Frühmobilisierung ist hierbei ein wesentlicher Bestandteil. Die gesundheitsförder-lichen Vorzüge der Frühmobilisierung, ihre Sicherheit und Durchführbarkeit sind vielfach nachgewiesen. Allerdings scheinen die positiven Auswirkungen von dem Zeitpunkt des Beginns der Intervention abzuhängen. Der optimale Zeitpunkt wird bislang in der Wissenschaft kontrovers diskutiert. In diesem Beitrag wird eine faktengestützte Orientierungshilfe zur Beurteilung der Mobilisationsfähigkeit von Patienten vorgestellt.
High-energy Flux Density Extracorporeal Shock-wave Therapy Versus
Therapeutic Steroid Injection in Costochondritis: A Single-Blind, Randomised
Controlled Study
Authors: Çiftçi Halil , Gezginaslan Ömer
Published: September 2020

Background This study aims to investigate the effects of extracorporeal
shock-wave therapy (ESWT) and intra-articular steroid injection (IASI) on pain,
depression, quality of life and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in patients with
costochondritis.

Methods A total of 67 patients diagnosed with costochondritis were
included. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=34) received
high-energy flux density (H-ESWT)
(> 0.28 mJ/mm2) for a total of 7
sessions at 3-day intervals. Group 2 (n=33) received IASI twice at
2-week intervals. At baseline and one month after treatment, Visual Analog Scale
(VAS), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck
Depression Inventory (BDI) scores and PPT values were compared.

Results There was a statistically significant decrease in VAS scores
after treatment compared with baseline scores in both groups. The PPT and SF-36
subscale scores were also statistically significantly higher (p<0.05).
After treatment, VAS and PPT showed a significantly better improvement in Group
1 compared to Group 2. There was a significant correlation between VAS and SF-36
physical functioning as well as pain subscales in Group 1 and a significant
correlation between VAS and SF-36 physical functioning in Group 2.

Conclusions Our data suggest that both treatments H-ESWT and IASI are
effective in costochondritis patients. Of note, H-ESWT has a stronger effect on
pain and PPT scores.
Erfassung ärztlicher Arbeitszeit in einer internistischen
Klinik mit rheumatologisch-nephrologischem Profil
Authors: Unger Leonore , Nestler Olaf , Hillger Christiane , Marczynski Cornelia , Teige Robin , Kayser Marten
Published: September 2020

Unter den Bedingungen zunehmender Arbeitsverdichtung ist der ärztliche
Stellenschlüssel in deutschen Krankenhäusern immer wieder
Ausgangspunkt für Konflikte zwischen leitenden Ärzten und
Verwaltung bzw. Träger. Bisher gab es keine publizierten Grundlagen
für die Bemessung ärztlicher Vollzeitkräfte (VK)
für internistische Normalstationen. Anhand der erfassten Arbeitsaufgaben
im zeitlichen Kontext konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit errechnet werden, dass
zur Erfüllung des Versorgungsauftrages für einen internistischen
Patienten auf einer rheumatologisch-nephrologischen Normalstation ein
Assistenzarzt/Facharzt für 7 Betten und ein Oberarzt für
24 Betten geplant werden müssen. Gesprächs- und Recherche-
Leistungen, Ausbildung und Supervision, die Teilnahme am Dienstsystem,
Dokumentationsaufwand und Fortbildungsverpflichtungen bilden sich nicht
adäquat im derzeitig gültigen DRG- System ab.
Efficacy and safety of gastric exposed endoscopic full-thickness resection without laparoscopic assistance: a systematic review
Authors: Granata Antonino , Martino Alberto , Amata Michele , Ligresti Dario , Tuzzolino Fabio , Traina Mario
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Exposed endoscopic full-thickness resection (Eo-EFTR) without laparoscopic assistance is a minimally invasive natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) technique that has shown promising efficacy and safety in resection of gastric submucosal tumors (G-SMTs) arising from muscularis propria (MP). However, data on the efficacy and safety of gastric Eo-EFTR mostly come from relatively small retrospective studies and concern regarding its use still exists. The aim of our systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of gastric Eo-EFTR without laparoscopic assistance.

Methods A detailed MEDLINE and EMBASE search was performed for papers published from January 1998 to November 2019 and reporting on gastric Eo-EFTR without laparoscopic assistance. The search strategy used the terms “endoscopic full thickness resection” and “gastric” or “stomach”. The primary outcomes were complete resection and surgical conversion rates. The secondary outcomes were overall major adverse events, delayed bleeding, delayed perforation, peritonitis, abdominal abscess and/or abdominal infection and successful Eo-EFTR.

Results Fifteen Asian studies were included in our final review, providing data on 750 Eo-EFTR-treated G-SMTs. The per-lesion rate of complete resection and surgical conversion were 98.8 %\0.8 %, respectively. The per-lesion rate of major adverse events, delayed bleeding, delayed perforation and peritonitis, abdominal abscess and/or abdominal infection was 1.6 %\0.5 %\0.1 %\0.9 %, respectively. The per-lesion rate of successful Eo-EFTR (i. e. complete tumor resection and effective endoscopic defect closure) was 98.3 %.

Conclusions Eo-EFTR without laparoscopic assistance appears to be highly effective and safe NOTES for removing deep G-SMTs, particularly those arising from MP layer.
Volatile organic compounds in bile can distinguish pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Navaneethan Udayakumar , Spencer Chad , Zhu Xiang , Vargo John J. , Grove David , Dweik Raed A.
Published: September 2020

Background Early and accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is important. Our aim was to identify potential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the bile that can help distinguish pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis.

Methods In this prospective observational study, bile was aspirated from patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and the gaseous headspace was analyzed using mass spectrometry.

Results The study included a discovery cohort of 57 patients (46 pancreatic cancer, 11 chronic pancreatitis) and a validation cohort of 31 patients (19 and 12, respectively). Using logistic regression analysis, the model [0.158 × age + 9.747 × log (ammonia) – 3.994 × log (acetonitrile) + 5.044 × log (trimethylamine) – 30.23] successfully identified patients with pancreatic cancer with a sensitivity of 93.5 % and specificity of 100 % (likelihood ratio 40.9, area under the curve 0.98, 95 % confidence interval 0.95 – 1.00). The diagnostic accuracy of this model was confirmed in the second independent validation cohort.

Conclusion The measurement of VOCs in bile helped to accurately distinguish pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis.