bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Oxidized Zoanthamines from a Canary Islands Zoanthus sp.
Authors: Cen-Pacheco Francisco , Martín Manuel , Fernández José , Hernández Daranas Antonio
Published: October 2014

Three new norzoanthamine-type alkaloids, named 2-hydroxy-11-ketonorzoan thamide B (1), norzoanthamide B (2) and 15-hydroxynorzoanthamine (3), were isolated from Zoanthus sp. specimens collected at the Canary Islands. Their structures were determined by interpretation of NMR and HR-ESIMS data. Relative configurations of their chiral centers were proposed on the basis of ROESY spectra and by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those of the well-known compound, norzoanthamine.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Curcuminoid Derivatives
Authors: Cao Ya-Kun , Li Hui-Jing , Song Zhi-Fang , Li Yang , Huai Qi-Yong
Published: October 2014

Curcuminoids have been reported to possess multiple bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Three novel series of curcuminoid derivatives (11a–h, 15a–h and 19a–d) with enhanced bioactivity have been synthesized. Among the synthesized compounds, 11b exhibited the most significant activity with an MIC of 0.5 µM /mL against selected medically important Gram-positive cocci (S. aureus and S. viridans) and Gram-negative bacilli (E. coli and E. cloacae). The derivatives exhibited remarkable results in an antioxidant test with an IC50 2.4- to 9.3-folder smaller than curcuminoids. With respect to antiproliferative activity against Hep-G2, LX-2, SMMC7221 and MDA-MB-231, the derivatives exhibited an effect stronger than curcuminoids with an IC50 ranging from 0.18 to 4.25 µM.
Biopharmaceutical Profiling of New Antitumor Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Anuta Valentina , Nitulescu George , Dinu-Pîrvu Cristina , Olaru Octavian
Published: October 2014

Several new pyrazole derivatives have demonstrated promising antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects, but their poor solubility raised concerns over possible biopharmaceutical limitations. In order to improve their pharmaceutical potential we performed the biopharmaceutical profiling for nine pyrazole compounds using in vitro and computational methods. The experimental solubility was determined in five different media using a validated HPLC method. Although the experimental solubility was lower than the predicted one, a good linear relationship was observed. The results also indicated a minimal impact of endogenous tensioactives on solubility, suggesting dissolution rate limited absorption. The in silico experiments were focused on identification of molecular determinants of solubility, evaluation of drug-likeness, prediction of in vivo absorption based on mechanistic models, as well as identification of the main factors that could impact on the oral bioavailability. The results suggested that dose, solubility and particle size are the main determinants of absorption, whereas permeability has little effect, confirming the BCS Class II behavior of the compounds. The present investigation was able to rank the tested compounds in terms of biopharmaceutical behavior, and indicated the B3 series compounds as having a more favorable absorption profile making them the main candidates for advance to the pre-clinical in vivo studies.
The Role of Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter 1 and Glucose Transporter 2 in the Absorption of Cyanidin-3-O-β-Glucoside in Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Zou Tang-Bin , Feng Dan , Song Gang , Li Hua-Wen , Tang Huan-Wen , Ling Wen-Hua
Published: October 2014

Anthocyanins have multiple biological activities of benefit to human health. While a few studies have been conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of anthocyanins, the mechanisms of their absorption mechanism remain ill-defined. In the present study, we investigated the absorption mechanism of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-G) in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Cy-3-G transport was assessed by measuring the absorptive and efflux direction. Inhibition studies were conducted using the pharmacological agents, phloridzin, an inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), or phloretin, an inhibitor of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). The results showed that phloridzin and phloretin significantly inhibited the absorption of Cy-3-G. In addition, Caco-2 cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for SGLT1 or GLUT2 showed significantly decreased Cy-3-G absorption. These siRNA transfected cells also showed a significantly decreased rate of transport of Cy-3-G compared with the control group. These findings suggest that Cy-3-G absorption is dependent on the activities of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the small intestine and that SGLT1 and GLUT2 could be a limiting step for the bioavailability of Cy-3-G.
Wheat Yield Forecasting for Punjab Province from Vegetation Index Time Series and Historic Crop Statistics
Authors: Dempewolf Jan , Adusei Bernard , Becker-Reshef Inbal , Hansen Matthew , Potapov Peter , Khan Ahmad , Barker Brian
Published: October 2014

Policy makers, government planners and agricultural market participants in Pakistan require accurate and timely information about wheat yield and production. Punjab Province is by far the most important wheat producing region in the country. The manual collection of field data and data processing for crop forecasting by the provincial government requires significant amounts of time before official reports can be released. Several studies have shown that wheat yield can be effectively forecast using satellite remote sensing data. In this study, we developed a methodology for estimating wheat yield and area for Punjab Province from freely available Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery approximately six weeks before harvest. Wheat yield was derived by regressing reported yield values against time series of four different peak-season MODIS-derived vegetation indices. We also tested deriving wheat area from the same MODIS time series using a regression-tree approach. Among the four evaluated indices, WDRVI provided more consistent and accurate yield forecasts compared to NDVI, EVI2 and saturation-adjusted normalized difference vegetation index (SANDVI). The lowest RMSE values at the district level for forecast versus reported yield were found when using six or more years of training data. Forecast yield for the 2007/2008 to 2012/2013 growing seasons were within 0.2% and 11.5% of final reported values. Absolute deviations of wheat area and production forecasts from reported values were slightly greater compared to using the previous year's or the three- or six-year moving average values, implying that 250-m MODIS data does not provide sufficient spatial resolution for providing improved wheat area and production forecasts.
Supporting Urban Energy Efficiency with Volunteered Roof Information and the Google Maps API
Authors: Abdulkarim Bilal , Kamberov Rustam , Hay Geoffrey
Published: October 2014

The Heat Energy Assessment Technologies (HEAT) project uses high-resolution airborne thermal imagery, Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA), and a Geoweb environment to allow the residents of Calgary, Alberta, Canada to visualize the amount and location of waste heat leaving their houses, communities, and the city. To ensure the accuracy of these measures, the correct emissivity of roof materials needs to be known. However, roof material information is not readily available in the Canadian public domain. To overcome this challenge, a unique Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) application was developed using Google Street View that engages citizens to classify the roof materials of single dwelling residences in a simple and intuitive manner. Since data credibility, quality, and accuracy are major concerns when using VGI, a private Multiple Listing Services (MLS) dataset was used for cross-verification. From May–November 2013, 1244 volunteers from 85 cities and 14 countries classified 1815 roofs in the study area. Results show (I) a 72% match between the VGI and MLS data; and (II) in the majority of cases, roofs with greater than, or equal to five contributions have the same material defined in both datasets. Additionally, this research meets new challenges to the GEOBIA community to incorporate existing GIS vector data within an object-based workflow and engages the public to provide volunteered information for urban objects from which new geo-intelligence is created in support of urban energy efficiency.
A Critical Examination of Child Protection Initiatives in Sport Contexts
Authors: Kerr Gretchen , Stirling Ashley , MacPherson Ellen
Published: October 2014

With the broadening of focus on child maltreatment beyond intra-familial settings, there is growing awareness of occurrences of maltreatment within the sport context. Millions of children participate in organized sport annually, and despite a tendency to view sport as a context by which to enhance the overall health and development of children, it is also a context in which children are vulnerable to experiences of maltreatment. The well-documented power ascribed to coaches, the unregulated nature of sport and a “win-at-all-costs” approach contribute to a setting that many propose is conducive to maltreatment. A number of high profile cases of sexual abuse of athletes across several countries in the 1990s prompted sport organizations to respond with the development of child protection measures. This study examined seven child protection in sport initiatives in terms of the extent to which they originated from research, had content that was consistent with scholarly work and were evaluated empirically. The findings indicated that these initiatives were not empirically derived nor evaluated. Recommendations are made to more closely align research with these initiatives in order to protect children and to promote a safe and growth-enhancing experience for young participants in sport.
Sustainable Development Mechanism of Food Culture’s Translocal Production Based on Authenticity
Authors: Zeng Guojun , Zhao Yongqiu , Sun Shuzhi
Published: October 2014

Food culture is a kind of non-material culture with authenticity. To achieve sustainable development of translocal heritage and food culture, we must protect its authenticity. By selecting the cases of the Dongbeiren Flavor Dumpling Restaurant and the Daozanjia Northeast Dumpling Restaurant and using the in-depth interview method, this study discusses how northeastern Cuisine in Guangzhou balances the inheritance and innovation of authenticity, how producers and customers negotiate, and how to realize sustainable development. The main conclusions are: first, there are two different paths of translocal food culture production, which are “authentic food culture production” and “differentiated food culture production”. Second, what translocal enterprises produce is not objective authenticity, but constructive authenticity, or even existential authenticity. Third, compared with differentiated food culture production, authentic food culture production is helpful for the sustainable development of local food culture production. It protects the locality while transmitting and developing the local culture. Fourth, translocal food culture production is a process in which the producers and consumers continue to interact to maintain a state of equilibrium, which informs the sustainable development mechanism with a high degree of authenticity.
Sensitivity of Surface Runoff to Drought and Climate Change: Application for Shared River Basins
Authors: Al-Faraj Furat , Scholz Miklas , Tigkas Dimitris
Published: October 2014

This study quantifies the sensitivity of surface runoff to drought and climate change in the Diyala watershed shared between Iraq and Iran. This was achieved through a combined use of a wide range of changes in the amount of precipitation (a decline between 0% and −40%) and in the potential evapotranspiration rate (an increase between 0% and +30%). The Medbasin-monthly rainfall-runoff model (Medbasin-M) was used for runoff simulation. The model was calibrated for twelve hydrologic years (1962−1973), and the simulation results were validated with the observed annual runoff for nine water years (1974−1982). For the calibration period, the correlation coefficient (r), the root mean squared error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE) and the index of agreement (IoA) were 0.893, 2.117, 1.733 and 0.852, respectively. The corresponding values for validation were 0.762, 1.250, 1.093 and 0.863, in this order. The Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) were analysed using DrinC software. Three nomographs were introduced to quantify the projected reductions in the annual runoff and the anticipated RDI and SDI values, respectively. The proposed methodology offers a simple, powerful and generic approach for predicting the rate of change (%) in annual runoff under climate change scenarios.
The development of metal technologies in the Upper Thai-Malay Peninsula: initial interpretation of the archaeometallurgical evidence from Khao Sam Kaeo
Authors: Pryce Thomas Oliver , Bellina-Pryce Bérénice , T. N. Bennett Anna
Published: October 2014

Thomas Olivier Pryce, Bérénice Bellina-Pryce et Anna T. N. Bennett

The development of metal technologies in the Upper Thai-Malay Peninsula: initial interpretation of the archaeometallurgical evidence from Khao Sam Kaeo

En raison de l'insuffisance de fouilles dans la partie septentrionale de la péninsule thaï-malaise, le projet Khao Sam Kaeo fournit l'occasion d'étudier les technologies des métaux dans le cadre d'un centre proto-urbain participant aux échanges transasiatiques. À l'issue de trois saisons de fouilles, nous présentons nos observations préliminaires sur le matériel mis à jour, matériel qui fournit la preuve qu'existaient, dès le milieu du millénaire qui a précédé notre ère, des activités locales de métallurgies de l'or, de l'alliage plomb-étain, du cuivre et du fer et/ou des activités d'échanges de ces métaux.

Les premières activités métallurgiques à Khao Sam Kaeo apparaissent ainsi contemporaines de l'émergence de la métallurgie en Asie insulaire et péninsulaire.
Controlling the optical and structural properties of ZnS–AgInS2 nanocrystals by using a photo-induced process
Authors: Yatsui Takashi , Morigaki Fumihiro , Kawazoe Tadashi
Published: October 2014

ZnS–AgInS2 (ZAIS) solid-solution nanocrystals are promising materials for nanophotonic devices in the visible region because of their low toxicity and good emission properties. We developed a technique of photo-induced synthesis to control the size and composition of the ZAIS nanocrystals. This method successfully decreased the defect levels, as well as the size and size variation of ZAIS nanocrystals by controlling the excitation wavelength during synthesis. Detailed analysis of transmission electron microscope images confirmed that the photo-induced synthesis yielded a high crystallinity of the ZAIS nanocrystals with small variations in size and content.
The Influence of Caffeine on the Sensory Organization Test
Authors: McNerney Kathleen M. , Coad Mary Lou , Burkard Robert F.
Published: October 2014

Background:Clinicians often request that patients refrain from consuming caffeinated beverages 24 h before vestibular function testing. However, there is limited research regarding how caffeine may affect the results of these tests. The sensory organization test (SOT) evaluates
how well an individual is able to maintain his or her balance during several different conditions that manipulate vestibular, visual, or somatosensory information.Purpose:This study evaluated whether caffeine consumption affects the results of the SOT in a group of healthy young adults.Research
Design:Individuals were evaluated under two conditions: (1) after consuming ∼300 mg of caffeine before testing, and (2) without consuming a caffeinated beverage for 24 h before testing. Regular caffeine intake and caffeine withdrawal symptoms were assessed in these individuals. Participants
were stratified into a no/low or a moderate/high caffeine intake group through the use of a self-reported 1-week caffeine diary.Study Sample:Thirty healthy control participants (mean age = 23.28 yr; males = 9) without any history of vestibular or balance impairment participated in the
present study.Data Collection/Analysis:The NeuroCom SMART Equitest was used to administer the SOT, whereas paired t-tests, completed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20, were used to analyze the data for statistical significance.Results:Analysis of the data revealed a statistically
significant difference between the caffeine and no-caffeine sessions during (1) condition 5 (C5): eyes closed, platform sway-referenced; and (2) the total composite score. Statistically significant differences were also noted for the vestibular and somatosensory preference ratios. In general,
the participants performed better (i.e., higher equilibrium/composite scores) during the caffeine session. When significant results were found, the participants were stratified by weekly caffeine intake into a no/low caffeine (LC) intake group versus a moderate/high caffeine (HC) intake group.
After this stratification, a statistically significant difference remained for C5, the composite score, and the somatosensory/vestibular preference ratios for the LC intake group, whereas no statistically significant results were found in the HC intake group. In addition, further analysis
revealed less of a change in the equilibrium score as the amount of weekly caffeine intake increased. Despite these significant results, the mean differences were small in magnitude, and C5, the composite score, as well as the sensory analysis ratios, fell within normal limits for all participants
during both sessions.Conclusions:The ingestion of caffeine did not produce a clinically significant effect in healthy young control participants. Future research is needed to determine if these same results occur in older adults, or in individuals with a history of vestibular impairment.
The Relationship between the Acceptance of Noise and Acoustic Environments in Young Adults with Normal Hearing: A Pilot Study
Authors: Franklin Clifford A. , White Letitia J. , Franklin Thomas C. , Smith-Olinde Laura
Published: October 2014

Background:The acceptable noise level (ANL) indicates how much background noise a listener is willing to accept while listening to speech. The clinical impact and application of the ANL measure is as a predictor of hearing-aid use. The ANL may also correlate with the percentage
of time spent in different listening environments (i.e., quiet, noisy, noisy with speech present, etc). Information retrieved from data logging could confirm this relationship. Data logging, using sound scene analysis, is a method of monitoring the different characteristics of the listening
environments that a hearing-aid user experiences during a period.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine if the ANL procedure reflects the proportion of time a person spends in different acoustic environments.Research Design:This was a descriptive quasi-experimental
design to collect pilot data in which participants were asked to maintain their regular, daily activities while wearing a data-logging device.Study Sample:After completing the ANL measurement, 29 normal-hearing listeners were provided a data-logging device and were instructed on its
proper use.Data Collection/Analysis:ANL measures were obtained along with the percentage of time participants spent in listening environments classified as quiet, speech-in-quiet, speech-in-noise, and noise via a data-logging device.Results:An analysis of variance using a general
linear model indicated that listeners with low ANL values spent more time in acoustic environments in which background noise was present than did those with high ANL values; the ANL data did not indicate differences in how much time listeners spent in environments of differing intensities.Conclusions:To
some degree, the ANL is reflective of the acoustic environments and the amount of noise that the listener is willing to accept; data logging illustrates the acoustic environments in which the listener was present. Clinical implications include, but are not limited to, decisions in patient
care regarding the need for additional counseling and/or the use of digital noise reduction and directional microphone technology.
Effective surveillance of vector dynamics of Aedes aegypti in a hospital setting in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Leal-Santos Fábio Alexandre , Santana Marinalva Brasilina de Arruda , Figueiredo Danielle Aparecida de , Oliveira Maria Madalena de , Acel Anagela Maria , Ribeiro Ana Lucia Maria , Rodrigues Jorge Senatore Vargas , Carvalho-Leandro Danilo , Miyazaki Rosina Djunko , Leite-Jr Diniz Pereira
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Hospitals are important for vector control of endemic diseases. Methodology: To investigate the presence of dengue vectors, 30 locations at a university hospital in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, were monitored from January to December 2009 for mosquito eggs using ovitraps placed in high-traffic internal and external areas. Results: A total of 2,302 eggs were obtained. Positivity rate at different sites ranged from 50.0% to 0.0%, with the highest indices in external areas. The presence of eggs correlated with increasing humidity (r = 9.81; p = 0.0013). Discussion: The study aimed to detect and verify the infestation level of the dengue vector and the influence of abiotic factors. Conclusions: The results indicate that this hospital may be considered an environment for the spread of dengue and hence strategic actions, including control measures and programs aimed at preventing the transmission of this vector, must be implemented.
Risk factors for carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae rectal colonization in pediatric units
Authors: Ulu-Kilic Aysegul , Alp Emine , Percin Duygu , Cevahir Fatma , Altay-Kürkçü Cemile , Ozturk Ahmet , Ozturk Adnan
Published: October 2014

This item has no abstract. Follow the links below to access the full text.
Appropriate vancomycin use in a Malaysian tertiary hospital based on current HICPAC recommendations
Authors: Islahudin Farida , Ong Hui-Yeah
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a rapidly emerging problem. A major concern is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), especially in developing countries where cost-effectiveness is imperative. Restriction of vancomycin usage is necessary to reduce the emergence of vancomycin-resistant organisms. The aim of this study was to look into the appropriate use of vancomycin based on the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) guidelines and to investigate serum levels of vancomycin. Methodology: The study was performed retrospectively. Medical records of patients treated with vancomycin for the past year were identified and selected. Results: Overall, 118 patients were treated with vancomycin. Appropriate use of vancomycin was significantly higher than inappropriate use (p = 0.001). Approximately 85% (n = 100) of patients were given vancomycin for treatment, whereas the rest were given it for prophylaxis. Appropriate use of vancomycin was observed in 67% (n = 79) of patients. However, there was still a high rate of inappropriate vancomycin use for prophylaxis and treatment (n = 39, 33.1%). The most common reason for inappropriate use was non-neutropenic and non-line related sepsis (n = 36, 30.8%). Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin was performed in 79 patients (67%). Most patients (n = 53, 67%) demonstrated sub-therapeutic levels during the first measurement. There was no significant difference between trough levels achieved with a higher (> 15 mg/kg) versus a lower dose (< 15 mg/kg). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that there was still a high level of inappropriate vancomycin use, which could potentially contribute to vancomycin resistance.
First report of a norovirus outbreak associated with the variant Sydney 2012 in Portugal
Authors: Mesquita João Rodrigo , Costa Inês , Oleastro Mónica , Conceição-Neto Nádia , Nascimento Maria S.J.
Published: October 2014

Introduction: This study describes the investigation of a gastroenteritis outbreak in a group of students, associated with a dinner reunion in February 2013 in Porto, Portugal. Methodology: An anonymous structured questionnaire was developed and sent to 34 students who attended the dinner reunion. Eighteen students completed the questionnaire and thirteen met the case definition (attack rate of 72%). Stools from two students were screened for norovirus by RT-PCR using primer pairs that target the highly conserved polymerase gene and the capsid gene. Results: Norovirus genotyping confirmed the variant Sydney 2012 as the probable cause of the outbreak. Conclusion: This is the first report of an outbreak associated with the new variant Sydney 2012 in Portugal.
Analyse réflexive de pratiques et développement de nouvelles compétences
Authors: Clerc Nicole , Agogué Martine
Published: October 2014

La démarche réflexive comme démarche de formation a désormais gagné la majorité des champs composant les métiers de la relation. Dans le domaine de la santé, les textes du référentiel de formation (29 juillet 2009) y engagent, associant le processus réflexif à la capacité d’« analyser toute situation de santé ». Dans le cadre du master « formation de formateurs à l’accompagnement professionnel » dont les auteures sont co-responsables à l’Université de Cergy-Pontoise, elles accueillent, comme étudiant-e-s, des cadres de santé désireux de se former à cette approche. Dans ce contexte, les auteures explicitent, depuis leurs expériences, la démarche d’accompagnement et de formation qu’elles soutiennent en référence à la psychosociologie clinique. Elles analysent comment le groupe en formation acquiert les compétences professionnelles en relation avec la capacité réflexive et identifient le processus permettant la transformation de la posture professionnelle. Après avoir présenté le dispositif d’analyse réflexive des pratiques, elles mettent en évidence la force symbolique du cadre et montrent les effets d’un accompagnement de la nouvelle posture par une méta-analyse. A chaque étape du dispositif, des compétences professionnelles identifiées sont mises au travail, accompagnant et accélérant alors les processus de changement individuel et groupal.
Une approche éducative socioconstructiviste et humaniste pour la formation continue des infirmières soignant des personnes ayant des besoins complexes
Authors: Bélanger Louise , Goudreau Johanne , Ducharme Francine
Published: October 2014

Pour soigner les personnes ayant des besoins complexes, par exemple celles vivant avec une maladie chronique et à risque de complications lors d’une hospitalisation, les infirmières ont besoin de multiples savoirs et habiletés. Après avoir décrit les courants de pensée prévalents en pédagogie, la pédagogie narrative, une approche éducative découlant de recherches en sciences infirmières et cohérente avec les courants de pensée socioconstructiviste et humaniste, est proposée pour la formation continue des infirmières. À travers le partage d’expériences vécues provenant des infirmières, des personnes soignées ou de leurs proches, cette approche éducative encourage l’écoute, l’interprétation, le questionnement et l’ouverture à diverses possibilités. Elle a, entre autres, été utilisée auprès d’infirmières soignant des personnes âgées hospitalisées à risque de présenter des signes d’un état confusionnel aigu. Cette intervention apparaît prometteuse et, à cet égard, il est souhaitable que les responsables de la formation continue des infirmières dans les milieux cliniques explorent cette nouvelle alternative éducative afin d’ajuster leur enseignement aux connaissances et à l’expérience des infirmières et à l’évolution des besoins des personnes soignées.
À qui appartient la télévision ?
Authors: Mangeot Philippe , Tijou Brigitte
Published: October 2014

Résumé entretien avec Pierre Trividic
L'image et la voix
Authors: Muhlmann Géraldine
Published: October 2014

Résumé La fascination pour les images pourrait faire croire que la télé donne directement à voir et à comprendre le fait brut. Pourtant, seuls sont susceptibles de nous informer les faits qui sont organisés en une narration, par une voix.
La télévision : drogue dure ? drogue douce ?
Authors: Sarpi Jean-François
Published: October 2014

Résumé Au début de l’année le petit livre rouge de Pierre Bourdieu Sur la télévision a fait un peu de bruit et puis le bruit est retombé. On s’y attendait : que peut un petit livre contre les milliards de la télévision et sa puissance formidable de récupérer tout ce qui se donne à elle ? Et si le débat sur l’information à la télé était à côté de la plaque ?
Petit lexique à l'usage des Zakeurs
Authors: Nahapétian Naïri
Published: October 2014

Résumé « ZAC ! POS ! PAZ ! OPAH ! ». Non, ce ne sont pas des onomatopées tirées d’une BD de Gaston Lagaffe, ni une imitation de Michel Rocard par les Guignols, mais les procédures d’urbanisme les plus utilisées pour modeler et remodeler les villes où nous vivons.
De l'eau dans ma bouche
Authors: Mangeot Philippe , Doustaly Thomas , Russel Sophie
Published: October 2014

Résumé entretien avec Bachir Saïfi, Delphine Cantin, et Sophie Coron
Les professeurs et les navires à voile
Authors: Buton François
Published: October 2014

Résumé L’intégration des sourds dans l’enseignement est une idée plus ancienne qu’il n’y paraît. Leur exclusion, une affaire plus récente.
Être sourd en philosophie
Authors: Morin Bernard
Published: October 2014

Résumé Hantée par le dialogue et le discours, la philosophie ne sait trop que faire de ceux qui n’entendent pas. Imaginons ce qu’ils pourraient lui apprendre.
Par delà les « bourreaux »
Authors: Mesnard Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé Il y a trois ans, début avril, le génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda débutait. En quatre mois, environ 750 000 hommes, femmes, enfants, ont été assassinés. Dans cette histoire qui continue, l’Occident n’a pas un rôle aussi beau qu’il voudrait le faire croire, avec ses appels à la justice et à l’humanité.
Un menu pour rester fidèle
Authors: Celse Michel
Published: October 2014

Résumé En bonne fille qui a enterré sa vie de garçon depuis deux mois, vous optez pour un apaisement culinaire préventif des débordements adultères auxquels la présence de cet hôte tentateur pourrait vous conduire pendant la nuit qu’il va passer chez vous. Le menu que je vous propose émousse efficacement les élans les plus fougueux.
Démocratiser l'expertise
Authors: Duchêne Laurence
Published: October 2014

Résumé Une aporie ?
Adresse d'une hétéro-folle à l'hypothétique communauté homosexuelle
Authors: Zaoui Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé S’il y a une communauté homosexuelle, elle me rappelle qu’il y a mieux à cacher que les histoires de sexe. A bas le sale petit secret.
désirs foutus ?
Authors: Destombes Christelle
Published: October 2014

Résumé Je hais les dimanches, les voitures blanches et les couples du printemps. Je déteste les voitures blanches. Plus particulièrement les renault 5 et les voitures de société à deux places. Toutes blanches. Que des blanches. Certaines immatriculations me font jaillir.
Lime mud from cellulose industry as raw material in cement mortars
Authors: Modolo R. C.E. , Senff L. , Labrincha J. A. , Ferreira V. M. , Tarelho L. A.C.
Published: October 2014

This study reports the use of lime mud (LM) in cement-based-mortars. Lime mud is a waste generated in the production of cellulose by the kraft mill process. It is mainly composed of CaCO3, a small amount of magnesium carbonate and other trace minerals. Mortars were prepared by adding different amounts of LM (10, 20 and 30% by weight of cement) in dry weight. The mortar compositions were evaluated through rheology and flow table measurements, assuring that all the samples exhibited adequate conditions for testing in both equipments. The hardened state properties were also evaluated through mechanical strengths at 7, 28 and 90 days of curing. Following a waste management solution perspective, this work intend to provide a general evaluation of LM application in cement based mortars, looking at both fresh and hardened properties in order to guarantee that the final application requirements are not hindered.
Overview of recent work on self-healing in cementitious materials
Authors: Lv Z. , Chen D.
Published: October 2014

Cracks, especially microcracks, in concrete are of paramount importance to the durability and the service life of cementitious composite. However, the self-healing technology, including autogenous healing and autonomous healing, is expected to be one of effective tools to overcome this boring problem. In this paper, we focus on the autogenous healing of concrete material and a few of recent works of autonomous healing are also mentioned. The durability and the mechanical properties improved by the self-healing phenomenon are reviewed from experimental investigation and practical experience. Several aspects of researches, such as autogenous healing capability of an innovative concrete incorporated geo-materials, self-healing of engineered cementitious composite and fire-damaged concrete, effect of mineral and admixtures on mechanism and efficiency of self-healing concrete are summarized to evaluate the presented progresses in the past several years and to outline the perspective for the further developments. Moreover, a special emphasis is given on the analytical models and computer simulation method of the researches of self-healing in cementitious materials.
Dental tissue proportions in fossil orangutans from mainland Asia and Indonesia
Authors: Smith Tanya M. , Bacon Anne-Marie , Demeter Fabrice , Kullmer Ottmar , Nguyen Kim Thuy , De Vos John , Wei Wang , Zermeno John P. , Zhao Lingxia
Published: October 2014

Orangutans (Pongo) are the only great ape genus with a substantial Pleistocene and Holocene fossil record, demonstrating a much larger geographic range than extant populations. In addition to having an extensive fossil record, Pongo shows several convergent morphological similarities with Homo, including a trend of dental reduction during the past million years. While studies have documented variation in dental tissue proportions among species of Homo, little is known about variation in enamel thickness within fossil orangutans. Here we assess dental tissue proportions, including conventional enamel thickness indices, in a large sample of fossil orangutan postcanine teeth from mainland Asia and Indonesia. We find few differences between regions, except for significantly lower average enamel thickness (AET) values in Indonesian mandibular first molars. Differences between fossil and extant orangutans are more marked, with fossil Pongo showing higher AET in most postcanine teeth. These differences are significant for maxillary and mandibular first molars. Fossil orangutans show higher AET than extant Pongo due to greater enamel cap areas, which exceed increases in enamel-dentine junction length (due to geometric scaling of areas and lengths for the AET index calculation). We also find greater dentine areas in fossil orangutans, but relative enamel thickness indices do not differ between fossil and extant taxa. When changes in dental tissue proportions between fossil and extant orangutans are compared with fossil and recent Homo sapiens, Pongo appears to show isometric reduction in enamel and dentine, while crown reduction in H. sapiens appears to be due to preferential loss of dentine. Disparate selective pressures or developmental constraints may underlie these patterns. Finally, the finding of moderately thick molar enamel in fossil orangutans may represent an additional convergent dental similarity with Homo erectus, complicating attempts to distinguish these taxa in mixed Asian faunas.
Taxonomical uses of the species concept in the human lineage
Authors: Cela-Conde Camilo J. , Nadal Marcos
Published: October 2014

Different species concepts, which broadened the scope of Mayr’s Biological Species Concept, have been put forward aiming to produce sound taxonomies of fossil taxa. Here, we propose using a simple one, the Evolutionary Species Concept, on the grounds of considering that separation of populations – disregarding other issues – is enough to describe the evolution of the human lineage. The question of the acceptable number of Middle Pleistocene hominin species is used as an example.
Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes: autumnal migration over Trevigiane Prealps. Years 2004-2010.
Authors: Mezzavilla Francesco , Martignago Gianfranco , Lombardo Saverio , Boscain Luca , Silveri Giancarlo
Published: October 2014

Since 2004 we have performed a census of autumnal Passeriformes migrating over the Trevigiane Prealps area. For the assessment the visual count method was used. Among all data collected, we analyzed those regarding Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, a species easily monitored by its characteristic f light and vocalization. The monitoring was performed in two sites far away 39 kilometres: Mount Pizzoc (Fregona, Vittorio Veneto) and Forcella Mostaccin (Maser). During seven years of monitoring, we have observed strong variations of number of migrating hawfinches, but in the meantime we have improved the knowledge related to the migration of this species over these two important areas, now protected as mountain pass.
Oorreding in Romeine 11
Authors: Snyman Andries
Published: October 2014

Persuasion in Romans 11. A new trend in the rhetorical analysis of Paul’s epistles is to reconstruct his rhetorical strategy from the text itself, rather than applying ancient or modern rhetorical models to his letters. A proposal for such a text-centred approach is briefly summarised in this article, followed by a discussion on the rhetorical situation that Paul wishes to address in his letter to the Romans. It is argued that chapter 11 forms an integral part of his rhetorical strategy as reconstructed from the text itself, and that it is aimed at persuading his audience in Rome to support his view on God’s plan of salvation, as well as his forthcoming mission to Spain. The conclusion is that a text-centred approach (with its focus on the functional aspects of the text) provides a better alternative to existing approaches (which focus on the formal aspects of the text).
Tobacco use, Body Mass Index, and Potentially Malignant Disorders among
petrol fillers in Pimpri-Pune (India): A descriptive study
Authors: Reddy Mamatha G.S. , Kakodkar Pradnya V. , Singh Akanksha
Published: October 2014

Background: Since petrol is combustible and smoking is banned at the petrol pumps, it may be predicted that use of smokeless tobacco is more prevalent among the petrol fillers. Also, smokeless tobacco is a major risk factor for developing oral potentially malignant disorders. The present study was conducted to determine the tobacco use, body mass index (BMI), and potentially malignant disorders among a cohort of petrol fillers and also to evaluate the interaction of tobacco use and BMI with the presence of potentially malignant disorders. Settings and Design: The study was conducted at 45 petrol stations located at Pimpri-Pune, India. A descriptive study design was used. Materials and Method: Four hundred and ten petrol fillers aged 17-64 years participated in the study. General information and tobacco history was obtained by interview. Height and weight were recorded to obtain BMI. Oral examination was conducted to identify the potentially malignant disorders. Statistical analysis: Chi-square test, Z test, and logistic regression were used. The level of significance was fixed at 5%. Results and Conclusions: It was found that 242 (59.02%) used tobacco in different forms. 77.68% were tobacco chewers, and 8.26% were smokers. Leukoplakia was prevalent among 68.47%, oral submucous fibrosis among 27.45%, and 5.08% had erythroplakia. Age (χ2 = 11.46, P < 0.05), duration (χ2 = 17.46, P < 0.05), and frequency of tobacco chewing (χ2 = 14.16, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with potentially malignant disorders. Tobacco chewing was more prevalent as compared to smoking. It can be concluded that the petrol fillers are at a high risk for developing oral potentially malignant disorders.
Response to imatinib mesylate in childhood chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: In pursuit of perfection
Authors: Linga Vijay Gandhi , Ganta Ranga Raman , Kalpathi Krishnamani Iyer , Gundeti Sadashivudu , Rajappa Senthil J. , Digumarti Raghunadharao , Paul Tara Roshni , Tandon Ashwani
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Childhood chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for less than 3% of all childhood leukemias, hence, data on imatinib (IM) in adult CML patients has been largely extrapolated to children. We have analyzed our data to add to the existing literature. Aims: Primary objective is to assess the progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary objective are cytogenetic response, overall survival (OS), and toxicities. Settings and Design: This is a retrospective analysis from the case records from a single institution. Materials and Methods: Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained. All the children diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CML-CP) aged less than 18 years registered between 2000 and 2009 were enrolled. All the patients were started on IM at 260 mg/m 2 . Statistical Analysis: Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate the PFS and OS. Results: There were 64 children with median age of 13 years (range, 1-18) with male predominance (male:female (M: F) - 1.85:1). Sixty-one patients (95.4%) achieved complete hematological response (CHR) at median of 8 weeks. Thirty-seven (57.8%) patients had evaluation of cytogenetic response and were subjects for outcome analysis. The median time to best cytogenetic response evaluation was 13 months (range, 4-52). Twenty-nine patients (78.3%) achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). At a median follow-up of 36 months (range 5-75), 21 (56.8%) remained progression free and 35 (94.5%) are alive. Adverse events were tolerable. Conclusions: PFS at a median follow-up of 36 months is 56.8% and OS 94.5%.
Comparative analysis of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in head and neck cancer and carcinoma cervix during concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Bagri Puneet Kumar , Kapoor Akhil , Kalwar Ashok , Singhal Mukesh Kumar , Singh Daleep , Narayan Satya
Published: October 2014

Background: Cisplatin is widely used as radio sensitizer in head and neck cancer (HNC) and carcinoma cervix (CaCx). This study aims to see comparative nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in HNC and in CaCx without obstructive uropathy treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Materials and Methods: Fifty patients of HNC and 50 patients of CaCx stage II/III without obstructive uropathy were included in this study. Cisplatin 50 mg intravenous weekly was given before EBRT with adequate hydration and premedication in both groups. Before chemotherapy; blood urea, serum creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. GFR was measured using 99m Tc diethylene triamine pentacaetic acid (DTPA) renogram study. Results: At the end of 4 th week, blood urea level 41-45 mg% was in 40 and 4% in HNC and CaCx, respectively (P = 0.018). At the end of 3 rd and 4 th week, blood urea level >45 mg% was 10 and 6% in HNC cases, respectively. At the end of 4 th week, serum creatinine level 1.1-1.5 mg% was 50 and 8% in HNC and CaCx, respectively (P = 0.047). Serum creatinine level >1.5 mg% was 6, 8, and 22% in HNC at the end of 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th week, respectively. GFR <80 ml/min at the end of 4 th week was 14% in HNC and only 2% in CaCx. GFR <100ml/min was significant at the end of 4 th week (P = 0.04). Univariate analysis showed significant relation between reduced oral fluid intake and reduced GFR (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In HNC, during concurrent chemoradiation, as the 3 rd -4 th week is reached, oral mucosal reactions increase and affect oral intake which further add to the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. In CaCx without obstructive uropathy, renal function impairment is less severe as oral intake of water and liquid is not much impaired.
Impact of a Spatial Repellent on Malaria Incidence in Two Villages in Sumba, Indonesia
Authors: Syafruddin Din , Bangs Michael J. , Sidik Dian , Elyazar Iqbal , Asih Puji BS , Chan Krisin , Nurleila Siti , Nixon Christian , Hendarto Joko , Wahid Isra , Ishak Hasanuddin , Bøgh Claus , Grieco John P. , Achee Nicole L. , Baird J. Kevin
Published: October 2014

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effect of spatial repellent (SR) in households at risk of malaria in Indonesia. Following presumptive radical cure for malaria in 180 adult men representing sentinels of new infection in four clusters within two villages, all households were given either metofluthrin or placebo mosquito coils. Weekly blood smear screening and human-landing mosquito catches were done throughout the 6 months intervention. Malaria infections occurred in 61 subjects living in placebo households and 31 subjects living in SR coil households, suggesting a 52% protective effect of SR. Likewise, anopheles indoor human landing rates were 32% lower in homes receiving SR coils. Differences in the malaria attack rate between SR- and placebo-treated homes was significant when not accounting for the effects of clustering. When the analysis was adjusted for intra-cluster correlation, the differences between SR- and placebo-treated homes were not statistically significant. The findings provide evidence of SR public health benefit and support a larger trial statistically powered to detect those effects.
New highlights on phytolith structure and occluded carbon location: 3-D X-ray microscopy and NanoSIMS results
Authors: Alexandre A. , Basile-Doelsch I. , Delhaye T. , Borshneck D. , Mazur J. C. , Reyerson P. , Santos G. M.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Phytoliths contain occluded organic compounds called phytC. Recently, phytC content, nature, origin, paleoenvironmental meaning and impact in the global C cycle has been the subject of increasing debate. Inconsistencies were fed by the scarcity of in-situ characterization of phytC in phytoliths. Here we reconstructed at high spatial resolution the 3-dimensional (3-D) structure of harvested grass short cell (GSC) phytoliths using 3-D X-ray microscopy. While this technic has been widely used for 3-D reconstruction of biological systems it has never been applied in high resolution mode to silica particles. Simultaneously, we investigated the location of phytC using Nano-scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Our data evidenced that the silica structure contains micrometric internal cavities. These internal cavities were sometimes observed isolated from the outside. Their opening may be an original feature or may result from a beginning of dissolution of silica during the chemical extraction procedure, mimicking the progressive dissolution process that can happen in natural environments. The phytC that may originally occupy the cavities is thus susceptible to rapid oxidation. It was not detected by the nanoSIMS technique. To the contrary another pool of phytC, continuously distributed in and protected by the silica structure was evidenced. Its N/C ratio (0.27) is in agreement with the presence of amino acids. These findings allowed to discuss discrepancies in phytC quantification, evaluate phytC accessibility to oxidation, and reassess the paleo-environmental meaning of opaque features observed in phytoliths by natural light (NL) microcopy. They also should help to reappraise the significance of phytC in the global C cycle.