bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Search for glitches in gamma-ray pulsars with deep learning
Authors: Sokolova E. V. , Panin A. G.
Published: January 2022

Pulsar glitches are generally assumed to be an apparent manifestation of the superfluid interior of neutron stars. Most of them have been discovered and extensively studied by continuous monitoring of radio emission. The Fermi-LAT space telescope has revolutionized the field by uncovering a large population of gamma-ray pulsars. In this paper we employ the observations of gamma-ray pulsars to search for new glitches. We developed a method capable of detecting step-like frequency changes associated with glitches in sparse gamma-ray data. The method is based on the calculation of the weighted H-test statistics and consequent glitch identification by a convolutional neural network. The method demonstrates the high accuracy of the Monte Carlo set and is applicable to searching for pulsar glitches in real gamma-ray data.
Techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production from PV plants
Authors: Liponi Angelica , Baccioli Andrea , Ferrari Lorenzo , Desideri Umberto
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen production through electrolysis from renewable sources is expected to play an important role to achieve the reduction targets of carbon dioxide emissions set for the next decades. Electrolysers can use the renewable energy surplus to produce green hydrogen and contribute to making the electrical grid more stable. Hydrogen can be used as medium-long term energy storage, converted into other fuels, or used as feedstock in industry thus contributing to decarbonise hard-to-abate-sectors. However, due to the intermittent and variable nature of solar and wind power, the direct coupling of electrolysers with renewables may lead to high production fluctuations and frequent shutdowns. As a consequence, accelerated electrolyser degradation and safety issues related to low load operation may arise. In this study, simulations of hydrogen production with an electrolyser fed by a PV system are performed in Matlab for a reference year. The effect of PV power fluctuations on the electrolyser operation and production is investigated. The impact of the electrolyser size for a fixed nominal power of the PV plant is also analysed from both energetic and economic points of view.
Optimized design and simulation of a hybrid storage system based on hydrogen as an energy carrier
Authors: Ancona Maria Alessandra , Bianchi Michele , Branchini Lisa , Catena Francesco , De Pascale Andrea , Ferrari Federico , Melino Francesco , Peretto Antonio
Published: January 2022

The integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity system can contribute to the development of a low-carbon economy. However, due to the intermittency and non-programmability of these sources, problems related to the management of local electricity grids may occur. A possible solution or limitation to these issues is given by the electrical storage. In addition, in the next future, domestic micro-grids are expected to play a fundamental role in electric power networks, driving both the academic and industrial research interests in developing highly efficient and reliable conversion and storage technologies. In this study, the behavior of a small-scale hybrid energy system for hydrogen production and storage has been predicted, by means of a developed calculation model, and the operational strategy of the system has been optimized with the aim to maximize the hydrogen production. In addition, with the aim to maximize the overall solar-to-hydrogen chain efficiency, the whole system model has been applied to different operating scenarios, to identify the optimal management strategy to control it.
Effects of (Li-Na)2CO3on The Electrical Properties of Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia/Carbonate Composite Electrolytes
Authors: Iqbal Aiman , Widiatmoko Pramujo , Devianto Hary
Published: January 2022

Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia (CSZ) is potential as low-cost electrolytes material for Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). It is fluorite structure widely known as oxygen ion conductors. Addition of carbonate salt into fluorite-based electrolyte is common to overcome low conductivity of CSZ as well as to decrease sintering temperature. Increase of ionic conductivity in the SOFC electrolyte is also influenced by presence of protons (H+), so it is called mixed-ion electrolytes. In this study, the effect of sintering temperature and carbonate content prepared from mixture of Li2CO3and Na2CO3on the relative density, ionic conductivity and microstructure of electrolyte and fuel cell performance was investigated. The sintered CSZ/carbonate samples were examined physically and electrochemically by using SEM, TEM, XRD, and EIS. The unique detail of nanostructure for CSZ/carbonate was investigated by TEM. The XRD is to observed peak associating with CSZ, Li2CO3, and Na2CO3, as well as its crystallinity. Moreover, the electrolyte resistance was measured by EIS so that the proton conductivity and oxygen conductivity of CSZ/carbonate can be calculated. The improvement of low-cost electrolyte material such as CSZ can be realized by providing protons pathway.
High-temperature PEM Fuel Cell Characterization: an Experimental Study Focused on Potential Degradation due to the Polarization Curve
Authors: Baudy Mathieu , Jaafar Amine , Turpin Christophe , Abbou Sofyane , Rigal Sylvain
Published: January 2022

High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell constant current ageing tests highlighted that the characterizations used to monitor the state of health of single cells could be potentially degrading. An experimental campaign to analyze potential degradation due to polarization curves was carried out. More exactly, four methodologies to generate a polarization curve including Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopies (EIS) were cycled 30 times. The tested single cells were based on a commercial PBI Membrane Electrodes Assembly (MEA) with an active surface of 45 cm2 (BASF Celtec®-P 1100 type). Before the first cycling test and after the last cycling one, complete characterizations, composed by a voltammetry and a polarization curve including EIS, were performed. The results show that one of the MEA has a voltage which increased for one of the four methods to obtain the polarization curve. This growth is linked to a decrease of ohmic losses: in an unexpected way, it could be considered as a way to improve the break-in period. Similarly, the monitoring of CO2 emission (as corrosion has been suspected to be involved at high voltage, i.e. low current density) confirms the potential degradation of the electrodes during the measurement of the polarization curve.
Characterization of a metallic interconnect operated in stack during 40,000 hours in SOFC mode
Authors: Piccardo Paolo , Spotorno Roberto , Bongiorno Valeria , Paravidino Daniele , Geipel Christian , Patrone Greta , Valente Francesca
Published: January 2022

An SOFC stack operated for 40,000 hours has been dismantled offering the opportunity to characterize the metallic interconnect. The metal plate was carefully investigated to define the evolution of the surfaces exposed to the air and to the hydrogen electrodes respectively. The observations of the surfaces reveal the stability of the layers applied on top of the rib at the air side while in the bottom of the channels the protective coating (i.e., Co-Mn base spinel oxide) shows large crystals. The cross section allowed to highlight the formation of a rather homogeneous layer of thermal grown oxide between the metal and the coating. The average thickness of the TGO is around 11 μm. The hydrogen side shows a superficial alteration (due to the interaction with the water vapour) changing from the inlet to the outlet where it seems thinner as if the TGO further reacted by forming volatile compounds. The cross section observations confirmed the presence of a porous TGO with a rather high content of manganese in a Cr-Mn spinel oxide. Several spots testifies the zones of contact with the Ni base contacting layer. The cross section corresponding to such zones highlighted the Ni diffusion in the metal substrate.
Long-term experience in anoxic wastewater treatment plants of planar MFC with Ce-doped cathodes
Authors: Franzetti Andrea , Espinoza Anna , Barontini Enrico , Tucci Matteo , Bonelli Paolo , Cristiani Pierangela
Published: January 2022

Planar MFC prototypes were constructed and experimented to operate as sensors of the anoxic condition in a denitrification tank of a wastewater treatment plant in Italy, during different times in 2018 – 2019. Electrodes were differently enriched with carbon paint containing nanotubes and CeO2 nanoparticles. Performances of different electrodes were compared. Results underline critical anoxic conditions in the tank, that caused a very low signal and phenomena of signal reversion during some period of the year. the activity of aerobic microorganisms and protozoa growing and grazing the bacteria on the electrodes strongly influenced the signal of the MFCs. The presence of nanoceria enhanced, for some extent, the MFC signal, both in presence of reversing trends and in absence of these phenomena. In absence of reversing trends, nanoceria enhanced the MFC voltage. Such signal trends from MFCs can give, in real-time, useful information to optimize the purification process without the necessity of frequent biological and chemical analyses.
Assessment of Hydrogen and LNG buses adoption as sustainable alternatives to diesel fuel buses in public transportation: Applications to Italian perspective
Authors: Migliarese Caputi Michele Vincenzo , Coccia Rossana , Venturini Paolo , Cedola Luca , Borello Domenico
Published: January 2022

This work deals with a technical and economical comparison between hydrogen and liquid natural gas (LNG) fueled buses with reference to the standard solution based on diesel fuel internal combustion engines. The level of service is evaluated considering the number of buses replaced and the average kilometers traveled each year for two levels. The economical comparison is made using the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) method considering capital and operating costs. The costs of LNG and Diesel (at the pump in Italian market) are estimated with reference to the year 2020. Furthermore, an assessment of greenhouse gas emissions will be carried out starting from energy needs, adopting a “cradle to grave” approach, thus evaluating emissions from the well to the tank and from the tank to the wheel. The results show that the operating costs (0.778 €/km) of LNG solution are lower than the Diesel ones (1.072 €/km), while the hydrogen buses can become competitive in the next few .The production of hydrogen with water electrolysis considering the current electricity costs of the Italian market is expensive and involves a cost to the hydrogen pump 7,60 €/kg which makes the operating cost of the hydrogen solution is equal to about 1.420 €/km which makes this solution uncompetitive. It is also important to underline that the cost of green hydrogen production from water electrolysis strongly depends on the cost of electricity. The Life Cicle Analisis (LCA) analysis shows strong environmental benefits of the hydrogen solution in terms of CO2eq if the hydrogen is produced by electrolysis using renewable energy sources. In the other cases, the advantage of using hydrogen is not very strong as it is associated with the use of fossil fuels that release climate-altering substances.
What is the role of inflammatory markers in predicting spontaneous ureteral stone passage?
Authors: Senel Cagdas , Aykanat Ibrahim Can , Asfuroglu Ahmet , Keten Tanju , Balci Melih , Aslan Yilmaz , Tuncel Altug
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the role of inflammatory markers in predicting the spontaneous passage of ureteral stones.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 279 patients with ureteral
stones sized 4–10 mm that were managed conservatively. The patients were divided into two
groups: Group 1 consisted of 137 patients who passed the stone spontaneously; Group 2
comprised 142 patients without spontaneous stone passage. The groups were compared using the
Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests. In addition, univariate and multivariate analyses were
performed to identify the significance of the parameters.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.2 years. The patients in Group 1 had a significantly lower mean stone size, white blood cell count and neutrophil count. In addition, stone location, presence of hydronephrosis and history of urolithiasis were significantly different between the groups. Neutrophil percentage, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were insignificantly lower in Group 1. In a multivariate analysis, stone size, distal location and hydronephrosis status significantly predicted the spontaneous stone passage. However, inflammatory markers including white blood cell count, neutrophil count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio could not determine the likelihood of spontaneous stone passage.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that inflammatory markers are no meaningful parameters for the prediction of spontaneous stone passage.
Osteopetrosis in a Patient of Systemic Sclerosis Sine Scleroderma: A Rare Association
Authors: Pati Saroj K. , Raja Praveen , Behera Ajoy K. , Ranganath T.G. , Bodhey Narendra K.
Published: January 2022

Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology. Although it is a multisystemic disorder, skin thickening is considered as a hallmark of the disease. It usually involves the lungs, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems. However, a rare subset of systemic sclerosis, systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma, is characterized by internal organ involvement and positive serologic markers with the total or partial absence of cutaneous manifestations. We present a rare association of osteopetrosis in a case of systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma, in a 22-year-old male patient, who presented with pulmonary symptoms as his chief complaints, unreported so far in literature.
Prevalence of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adult Based on the Presence of GAD 65 Antibodies in North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sangma Himalina , Singh Anshul , Srivastava Anubha , Misra Vatsala
Published: January 2022

Objective

The objective of this paper was (1) to study the prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) in the region of north-eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, based on the positivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibodies and (2) to compare the glycemic profile between GAD65-positive and GAD65-negative subjects.

Materials and Methods

The subjects were of more than 30 years of age, with either recently diagnosed pre-diabetes/diabetes presenting with the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of ≥5.7% or already diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had no requirement of insulin therapy for at least 6 months from the time of their diagnosis. All the patients were natives of north-eastern Uttar Pradesh. The GAD65 test was done by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, the glycemic status of GAD-positive and GAD-negative subjects were compared on the basis of fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FI), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The “unpaired t-test” was used to compare and assess the significance of differences between the glycemic profile of GAD65-positive and GAD65-negative subjects using the GraphPad Prism Scientific Software, San Diego, CA, United States. The p-value of <0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results

A total of 77 patients were included in the study, with the age group ranging from 30 to 75 years (47.81 ± 12.9 years) with the male–female ratio of 1:2.6. The prevalence of LADA was found to be 51.95%. On comparing GAD65-positive and GAD65-negative groups, a higher value of HbA1c levels and FBS were found in the former, whereas FI and HOMA-IR were found to be higher in the latter. On testing for significance of difference, only FI and HbA1c values were significant (p-value <0.0001).

Conclusion

LADA can no longer be considered a rare type of diabetes mellitus, with the present study showing a high prevalence of LADA in this north eastern region of Uttar Pradesh. Identification of adult-onset diabetics accurately as LADA or true T2DM is very crucial for the appropriate treatment, as LADA patients require insulin inevitably and much earlier than true T2DM patients, who can be managed mostly on oral hypoglycemic agents with seldom requirement of insulin.
First Carpometacarpal Joint Anatomy and Osteoarthritis: MR Imaging Overview
Authors: Kamalasekar Kanagasabai , Ravikanth Reddy
Published: January 2022

The first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint consists of seven ligaments. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the first CMC joint should be performed in a high field 1.5/3 T MRI with a dedicated hand coil for high-resolution images. Degeneration of anterior oblique ligament (AOL) is the most important cause for the development of osteoarthritis of first CMC joint. Since the AOL undergoes a predictable pattern of alteration at its metacarpal attachment as degeneration proceeds, MRI imaging can provide an accurate assessment of this ligament.
Use of Artificial Intelligence to Triage Patients with Flu-Like Symptoms Using Imaging in Non-COVID-19 Hospitals during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Ongoing 8-Month Experience
Authors: Kapoor Atul , Kapoor Aprajita , Mahajan Goldaa
Published: January 2022

Background Evaluation of suspected coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patient is a diagnostic dilemma as it commonly presents like influenza in early stages. Studies and guidelines have emerged both for and against the use of imaging as a frontline tool to investigate such patients. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is suggested as the backbone of diagnosis. We designed and tested a diagnostic algorithm using artificial intelligence (AI) to determine the role of imaging in the evaluation of patients with acute flu-like presentation.

Materials and Methods Overall, 3,235 consecutive patients with flu-like presentation were evaluated over a period of 240 days. All patients underwent plain radiographs of chest with computer-aided detection for COVID-19 (CAD4COVID) AI analysis. Based on the threshold scores, they were divided into two groups: group A (score < 50) and group B (score > 50). Group A patients were discharged and put on routine symptomatic treatment and follow-up with RT-PCR, while group B patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) followed by COVID-19 AI analysis and RT-PCR test. These were then triaged into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 subgroups based on COVID-19 similarity scores by AI, and lung severity scores were also determined.

Results Group A had 2,209 (68.3%) patients with CAD4COVID score of <50 while 1,026 (31.7%) patients comprised group B. Also, 825 (25.5%) patients were COVID-19 positive with COVID-19 similarity threshold of >0.85 on AI. RT-PCR was positive in 415 and false-negative in 115 patients while 12 patients died before the test could be done. The sensitivity and specificity of CAD4COVID AI analysis on plain radiographs for detection of any lung abnormality combined with HRCT AI analysis was 97.9% and 99% using the above algorithm.

Conclusion Combined use of chest radiographs and plain HRCT with AI-based analysis is useful and an accurate frontline tool to triage patients with acute flu-like symptoms in non-COVID-19 health care facilities.
Pediatric Electrical Bicycle Road Accidents
Authors: Avrahamov-Kraft Ethel , Yulevich Alon , Sweed Yechiel
Published: January 2022

Introduction The use of electric bicycles (EBs) among children younger than 18 years of age is rapidly increasing worldwide and becoming a substantial contributor to road accidents. We analyzed patterns and severity of pediatric bicycle-related injuries, comparing children riding EBs and classic bicycles (CBs).

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study (January 2016–December 2018) of patients arriving at our medical center due to a bicycle accident. Data were collected from medical records and included demographics, injury characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Results Of 561 children, 197 (35%) were EB riders and 364 (65%) were CB riders. Injury severity score (ISS) of EB cyclists was significantly higher than CB cyclists (mean 4.08 ± 4.67 and 3.16 ± 2.84, respectively, p = 0.012). The rate of accidents involving motorized vehicles was higher in the EB versus CB group (25.9 vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001). Head injuries were the most common type of injury in both groups; incidence was higher in CB than in EB cyclists. However, loss of consciousness was more common in the EB group (18.3 and 12.1%, respectively, p = 0.057). Lower extremity injuries were more common in EBs versus CBs (55.8 and 37.6%, respectively, p < 0.001). Orthopaedic surgical interventions were significantly higher in the EB group (49.2 vs. 33.2%, p < 0.001), and length of stay in hospital and admission to pediatric intensive care unit were more common in EB compared with CB, although not significantly.

Conclusion Injury severity of EB patients was significantly higher than that of CB patients. Accidents involving motorized vehicles were more common in the EB group. Head injury associated with loss of consciousness was significantly higher in EB patients.
Odontogenic-Like Pain in Partial Edentulism: An Unusual Presentation of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Mandible
Authors: Catania Roberta , Belloni Elena , Preda Lorenzo , Bortolotto Chandra , Scagnelli Paola , Calliada Fabrizio
Published: January 2022

Primary bone lymphoma is a rare entity and it usually occurs in long bones. Primary mandibular involvement is very rare, and it usually shows unspecific features, mimicking odontogenic inflammatory lesions. We present the unusual case of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the right mandibular body in a 91-year-old woman, who presented with acute pain in the mandibular region initially suspicious for odontogenic abscess. No significant findings were seen on orthopantomography (OPG) and her almost complete edentulism made the diagnosis of abscess unlikely. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images showed an expansive mass around the right mandibular body with erosion of cortical bone and involving the right mandibular canal and nerve. Final diagnosis of DLBCL was pathologically proven. The presence of odontogenic-like pain in nearly complete edentulism should be suspicious for malignancy, and it needs further diagnostic workup despite the absence of signs on OPG.
Difference in Antihypertensive Medication Pattern in the First Year Compared to More than a Year of Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Northern India Tertiary Care Experience
Authors: Chandra Abhilash , Rao Namrata , Srivastava Divya , Mishra Prabhaker
Published: January 2022

Introduction

There is a high prevalence of hypertension in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Information regarding prevalent pattern of antihypertensive medications will help modify it to prevent future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Materials and Methods

In this cross-sectional study, patients on maintenance hemodialysis, aged ≥18 years visiting Nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from April 2019 to May 2020 were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on their dialysis vintage, ≤12 months and >12 months. Their antihypertensive medication patterns and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography (ECHO) findings were compared. Independent t-test was used to compare continuous variables. One-way analysis of variance was used to study the antihypertensive drug-dosing pattern in both the groups.

Results

Out of 250 patients, 131 had a dialysis vintage of ≤12 months, whereas 119 had a vintage of >12 months. There was no significant difference in the number of antihypertensive agents used in either of the vintage groups. Calcium channel blockers (87.02 and 89.07%, respectively, in ≤12 and >12 months' vintage groups) and β blockers (64.12 and 65.54%, respectively, in ≤12 and >12 months' vintage groups) were the commonly used antihypertensive agents. Metoprolol use was higher in ≤12 months' group, whereas carvedilol usage was higher in >12 months' group (p = 0.028). Mean pill burden was more than five in both the groups. Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly more common in >12 months' group. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blocking agent use was limited to 3% of patients.

Conclusion

This study shows a high antihypertensive pill burden in dialysis patients likely due to underlying chronic volume overload in addition to the perceived efficacy of certain class of drug in a frequent dosing pattern. Low use of RAS blocking agent was also underlined. This study highlights the need to bring about changes in the antihypertensive prescription pattern in line with the existing evidence.
Sarcopenia of Cirrhosis and the Therapeutic Potential of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation
Authors: Schlansky Barry , Farsad Khashayar
Published: January 2022

Sarcopenia is a major sequela of cirrhosis, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in body composition analysis using medical imaging have begun to identify changes in skeletal muscle and fat that are prognostic of the impact of sarcopenia on medical outcomes in cirrhosis and other pathologies. Recently, observational studies have shown a correlation between transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation and a reversal of the progressive muscle loss in cirrhosis. This reversal is also associated with improved clinical outcomes and survival. This review summarizes current understanding of cirrhotic sarcopenia, and discusses the implications of TIPS creation in reversing this process.
Quickly solving Maxwell’s equations for photonics design
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: January 2022

Deep neural network solves Maxwell’s equations speedily and accurately by minimizing solution residuals.
Reflectocardiography (RCG): A leadless, optical reflection based facile measurement of human cardiac rhythm
Authors: Kushagra Arindam , Dasgupta Uddipan , Roychowdhury Srishti , Samanta Srijani , Srivastava Shivani
Published: January 2022

Cardiac diseases have been one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries. This can be attributed to the prevailing eating habits as well as unhealthy work–life balance and lifestyle. There have been many instances where scientists, researchers, and innovators working in the domains of engineering, biotechnology, and healthcare have proposed novel ways to monitor the cardiac activity of a diseased person. Such monitoring systems started with the advent of electrocardiography followed by other methods, such as echocardiography, phonocardiography, and photoplethysmography, which led to better patient care. Recently, there has been growing interest to monitor the cardiac activity by mechanical movements of the body parts/surfaces, which has led to the beginning of new fields, such as gyrocardiography, ballistocardiography, seismocardiography, and forcecardiography. All these mechanical sensors have very sophisticated components attached to them, thus making them relatively less available in low-cost settings. In this work, we propose a proof-of-concept to optically measure the seismic thumps due to the heartbeats by keeping a reflecting surface over the epigastric region of the abdominopelvic cavity. Due to these thumps, the reflecting surface moved vertically and the position of the image of an otherwise stationary object in the reflecting surface was monitored using a camera. This mechanism is an inexpensive alternative to replace the costly MEMS components that constitute mechanical cardiograms and would reduce the cost of measurements substantially. It would be of great interest to scientists and healthcare researchers to explore the viable alternatives to low-cost settings.
Active control of Kagome lattice defect mode using point-ring defect engineering
Authors: Yao Yanhong , Lu Qieni , Zhang Mingdi , Dai Haitao
Published: January 2022

Kagome lattice defect modes with a point-ring structure are explored theoretically in two-dimensional germanium cylinder photonic crystals using plane wave expansion and supercell methods. The number and degeneracy of the transverse magnetic field defect mode are governed by the defect setting. By varying the distance and direction of the point-ring defects, we can manipulate and control the frequency width and coupling between defect modes and the defect frequency in the bandgap. Additionally, the intensity distribution localized in the defect position is related to the parity of defect structure symmetry axes. This characteristic is highly beneficial to applications such as in resonators and narrow band filters.
Early antitumor activity of oral Langerhans cells is compromised by a carcinogen
Authors: Saba Yasmin , Aizenbud Itay , Matanes Daniela , Koren Noam , Barel Or , Zubeidat Khalid , Capucha Tal , David Eyal , Eli-Berchoer Luba , Stoitzner Patrizia , Wilensky Asaf , Amit Ido , Czerninski Rakefet , Yona Simon , Hovav Avi-Hai
Published: January 2022

Significance

Oral cancer is often diagnosed at late stages, resulting in a poor prognosis of this disease. Understanding early carcinogenic events taking place during the development of oral cancer is, therefore, an important unmet clinical need. This study identifies an early anticancer protective role of oral Langerhans cells (LCs), the principal mononuclear phagocyte involved in immunosurveillance of the oral epithelium. Continuous exposure to the carcinogen 4NQO hampers the local differentiation of LCs, while other mononuclear phagocytes and T cells with immunosuppressive characteristics populate the epithelium, leading to the development of oral cancer. These findings reveal an initial step by which immunosurveillance is compromised by a carcinogen, which could facilitate novel diagnostic approaches to better detection of oral cancer.
Translating authorial presence
Authors: Shleykina Galina , Junnier Frances
Published: January 2022

Of increasing interest in cross-linguistic variation in academic discourse is the way in which writers use
first-person pronouns (FPPs) to promote their agency. While research has shown that language specific socio-cultural, rhetorical
and lexico-grammatical factors impact levels of self-concealment vs. self-promotion, less attention has been paid to the ways in
which translated texts are sensitive to these discoursal traditions. We address this gap by analyzing frequency, rhetorical use,
and grammatical form of FPPs in a corpus of research article (RA) abstracts in biology written by Russian and international
researchers in two peer-reviewed bilingual journals. Three subcorpora were analyzed: (i) L1 Russian abstracts; (ii) the same
abstracts translated into English; (iii) abstracts by international biologists in English from the same journals. The FPP tokens
were identified and their frequency, rhetorical use, and forms were compared. The results show significant differences between the
corpora which supports previous findings on cross-cultural variation in authorial presence in research genres. The results also
suggest that the translation not only transfers L1 linguistic code but also adds a stronger emphasis on author agency.
Implications for translating RAs into English as an exercise in linguistic, cognitive, and pragmatic equivalence as well as for
accommodating discourse conventions of English as a lingua franca of science are explored.
Traditional and current-prospective methods of agricultural plant diseases detection: A review
Authors: Khakimov A , Salakhutdinov I , Omolikov A , Utaganov S
Published: January 2022

As it is known, a significant part of the yield of agricultural crops is lost due to harmful organisms, including diseases. The article reveals the data on the widespread types of plant diseases (rot, wilting, deformation, the formation of tumors, pustules, etc.) and their symptoms. Early identification of the pathogen type of plant infection is of high significance for disease control. Various methods are used to diagnose pathogens of disease on plant. This article discusses the review of the literature data on traditional methods for diagnosis of plant pathogens, such as visual observation, microscopy, mycological analysis, and biological diagnostics or the use of indicator plants. Rapid and reliable detection of plant disease and identification of its pathogen is the first and most important stage in disease control. Early identification of the cause of the disease allows timely selection of the proper protection method and ensures prevention of crop losses. There are a number of traditional methods for identifying plant diseases, however, in order to ensure the promptness and reliability of diagnostics, as well as to eliminate the shortcomings inherent in traditional diagnostics, in recent years, new means and technologies for identifying pathogens have been developed and introduced into practice. As well as the article provides information on such innovative methods of diagnosis of diseases and identification of their pathogens, which are used widely in the world today, such as immunodiagnostics, molecular-genetic (and phylogenetic) identification, mass spectrometry, etc.
Effect of mycorrhizal provision and watering frequency on productivity and fresh material of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: Mbeong Y S N , Umami N , Hanim C , Astuti A , Muhlisin  , Rahayu E R V
Published: January 2022

Sorghum is a cereal crop that has the potential to be developed as animal feed. Sorghum plant experiencing drought stress will decrease their productivity. Efforts to overcome this problem are by adding mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizae increase the ability of plants to adapt to the environment in the form of absorption of water and nutrients. This study aimed to determine the productivity of sorghum (plant height increase, plant length increase, number of leaves and stem diameter) and fresh weight of sorghum plant. The research treatments were mycorrhizal levels and watering frequency using a completely randomized design with a 3x3 factorial pattern. The mycorrhizal fungi provision consisted of three levels, namely without mycorrhizal (M0), mycorrhizal 10 g/polybag (M10), and mycorrhizal 20 g/polybag (M20). The frequency of watering consisted of watering everyday (A1), watering every four days (A4), and watering every eight days (A8). The provision of mycorrhizae significantly affected the productivity of sorghum and fresh weight of sorghum (p<0.05). The difference in watering frequency affected the increase in sorghum plant height (p<0.05). However, it did not significantly affect the increase in length, stem diameter, number of leaves, and fresh weight of sorghum. In conclusion, mycorrhizae can significantly improved the productivity of sorghum plants developed in areas with high drought levels.
The accuracy of several in vitro methods in estimating in vivo digestibility of the tropical dairy ration
Authors: Despal  , Manik D T P , Evvyernie D , Zahera R
Published: January 2022

In vitro digestibility methods have been developed to overcome problems in the in vivo digestibility measurement, but its accuracy should be tested in a local setting. In vitro methods developed by Tilley and Terry (T2), Theodorou (T3) and Sutardi (T4) have been compared to in vivo method (T1) in a block randomized design study. Four heifers FH (337.50 ± 45.87 kg BW) were used in T1, and two fistulated FH bulls (510 ± 20 kg BW) were used as inoculant sources in the in vitro methods. Dairy cattle ration consisted of 54.0% Napier grass and 46.0% concentrate with 58.8% DM, 12.1% ash, 10.0% CP, 3.3% EE, 26.5% CF, and 61.1% TDN. The observed parameters were ration fermentability (pH, NH3, and VFA concentration) and digestibility (DMD and OMD). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test. The correlation was made before regression analysis to estimate the in vivo parameters from the in vitro. The results showed that pH values are in the normal range (6.7 – 6.8), and insignificantly different between treatments (P>0.05). The concentration of NH3 and VFA were significantly different between the treatments (P<0.05), but T2 produced similar NH3 and VFA concentrations to T1. Similar results were also found in the DMD and OMD. Correlation analysis showed that pH value of T3 correlated significantly with T1, while DMD value of T4 correlated to T1. The T1 DMD (Y) could be estimated from T4 DMD (X) using formula Y (%) = y = -0.091x2+ 9.1632x - 168.4. It is concluded that tropical dairy feedstuffs in vitro digestibility using Tilley and Terry’s method produced similar result to in vivo digestibility method, but in vivo dry matter digestibility can be estimated accurately by in vitro dry matter digestibility using Sutardi method.
Optimization of benzyl amino purines (BAP) concentration and medium type on the induction of banana shoots (Musa acuminata Colla.) cv. Barangan Merah under in vitro condition
Authors: Setyowati M , Efendi  , Alfizar  , Kesumawati E
Published: January 2022

The use of optimum concentration of BAP and the right medium type can support shoot induction on the explant of banana sucker cv.Barangan Merah. The Research was conducted at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This research used a completely randomized 3x3 factorial design. The first factor was Benzyl Amino Purines (BAP) concentration at three levels of concentration, i.e. control, 3 mg.L-1, and 6 mg.L-1. The second factor was Musrahige & Skoog (MS) medium type at three levels, i.e. solid, solid-liquid, and liquid. Results showed that the BAP treatment of 3 mg.L-1 had the biggest response to the number of open midribs compared to other BAP treatments. The type of solid medium tends to shoot induction better than other types of medium. The contamination that occurred was 13.9% of the 72 explants planted. The contamination was caused by Mucor and Aspergillus fungi. The bacteria causing the contamination were gram positive bacteria (coccus) and gram-negative bacteria (coccus and bacilli).
Factors affecting the decision of potato farmers in adopting superior seeds in Bener Meriah District
Authors: Agussabti  , Rahmaddiansyah  , Deli A , Arida A , Mahda F A
Published: January 2022

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of the horticultural commodities with excellent opportunities for agribusiness and agroindustry development. The use of high-quality seeds and appropriate technology is still far from the reach of farmers. Generally, potato farmers in the Bener Meriah District use potato seeds from the previous production, but some consistently use superior seeds in every cultivation activity. This study analyses the factors that made farmers adopt superior seeds for potatoes in Bener Meriah. Based on the study results, the variables of age, education level, length of farming, land area, and the number of dependents had no significant effect on adopting superior potato seeds in Bener Meriah. At the same time, the variables of access to capital and farmer participation have a significant effect on farmers’ decisions to adopt superior potato seeds in Bener Meriah.
The effect of fed on feeding combination of the ark with ammonized citronella grass waste to the quality of lactated etawah crossbreed goat milk
Authors: Dzarnisa  , Ramaya A
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of giving a combination of the ark with ammoniated citronella grass waste on the levels of protein, fat, lactose and density of lactatedEtawahcrossbreed goat milk. The design used in this study was a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 groups. The treatment consisted of P1 (0% ark: 8% ammoniated citronella grass waste), P2 (2% ark: 6% ammoniated citronella grass waste), P3 4% ark: 4% ammoniated citronella grass waste), P4 (6% ark: 2% citronella ammonia grass waste) and P5 (8% ark: 0% ammoniated citronella grass waste). The data obtained were analysed statistically using Microsoft Excel software. Based on the results of the research, giving the combination of the ark with ammoniated citronella grass waste shows no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the quality of milk which includes density, lactose level, protein level and fat level inEtawahcrossbreed goat (PE) milk. However, the quality test results showed an increasing trend when compared with the quality of PE goat’s milk without treatment The results of the data for each of the PE goat’s milk quality before given the feed treatment were 1.027; 3.34%; 3.42% and 6.40% for the density, lactose level, protein level and fat level. Meanwhile the results of the data for each of the PE goat milk quality after given the feed treatment got the best results, namely 1.030; 3.66%; 3.78% and 6.55% for the density, lactose level, protein level and fat level.
Environmental communication network on Indonesian forest fires on Twitter in pandemic COVID-19 era
Authors: Muslikhin Muslikhin , Evelina L W , Rizkiansyah M , Prawira I , Irawan R E
Published: January 2022

The study aims to reveal the communication network on Twitter about forest fires in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The theory used in this research is communication networking. The analysis technique uses Social Networking Analysis or SNA. Conversation data on Twitter is pulled through emprit drones by entering keywords fire, forest, and land. The research findings show; Conversation volume was 617 conversations, with five actors mentioning the most, namely @VICE-ID, @BBCIndonesia, @totoroeksib, @GoldenMiru, and @ari_trismana with 16 conversations. Of the 617 conversations, 243 had negative sentiments, 368 had positive sentiments and 6 were neutral. The five words that appear the most in the discussion of forest and land fires are forest - hutan (with a small h) 459 times, land -lahan 147 times, Forest -Hutan (with large H) 80 times, disaster -bencana 60 times, and smoke -asap 56 times. During the 10 days of talking, there were 67 hashtags, with the top five being #hijabbugil, #eksibisionis, and # exhibition with 27 mentions, following #PreventedKarhutla with 16 mentions, and 13 mentions #KoperasiPerkuatPertuangan.
Syneresis, and acidity value of fermented goat milk added with beet (Beta vulgaris L.) juice using Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Yurliasni  , Hanum Z , Khairunnisa H
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding beet juice in fermented goat’s milk usingLactobacillus rhamnosusbacteria on the acidity, syneresis value. This study applied a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of five treatments Control (P0), 2% of beet juice (P1), 4% of beet juice (P2), 6% of beet juice (P3), and 8% of beet juice (P4) with four repetitions. The data obtained were analysed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). If a significant difference is found, then Duncan’s multiple range (DMRT) test is conducted. The results showed that the addition of beet juice with a different percentage in fermented goat milk had significant effect (P<0.05) on syneresis but had a very significantly effect (P<0.01) on the pH value. The addition of 2% of Beet juice resulted in the lowest syneresis value of 9.88%. The low value of syneresis in this study was caused by the addition of beet juice which has high acidity, carbohydrate and protein content. The higher the lactic acid, the lower the pH and the denser the texture formed because the protein’s ability to bind water increases so that the syneresis formed is lower.
Optimizing the utilization of scad fish (Decapterus spp.) resource in northern coast of Aceh
Authors: Sofyan  , Farhan MD , Ginting LN
Published: January 2022

For ten years, the Scad fish production in the Northern Coast of Aceh has been increasing rapidly at 172.5%. This condition describes that the Scad fish resource exploitation is implemented under improper management that could encounter an overfishing case. This study aimed to analyze the Scad fish resource utilization level and recommend a management strategy to achieve an optimized Scad fish resource utilization in the Northern Coast of Aceh. This study was performed in the Ocean Fishing Port, Kutaraja, Banda Aceh. Bioeconomic analysis results showed that catching product and effort in MSY condition at 2,838.59 tons and 2,808 trips by economic rent was Rp23,902 million per year. In MEY condition, catching product at 2,748.01 ton with catching effort at 2,311 and economic rent was Rp25,056 million per year. The open-access condition of Scad fish resource with total catching effort at 5,386 trips and economic rent value obtained was Rp 0. Results demonstrated that the Scad fish resource utilization status in the Northern Coast of Aceh encounters biological and economical overfishing. The Scad fish resource management strategy for achieving MSY and MEY condition through input control and output control by establishing the total allowed catching product and catching quota.
Assessment cytotoxic assay of Rhizophora plants mangrove using brine shrimp (Artemia salina L) model
Authors: Indriaty I , Ginting B , Hasballah K , Djufri
Published: January 2022

Rhizophoraceae is the main family of mangroves as a source of bioactive compounds originating from the coast. Ethnophamacologically Rhizophoraceae has been used in various traditional medicine. Natural sources as anticancer from the Rhizophoraceae family are interesting to know. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic bioactivity of methanolic extracts of roots, bark, leaves, and fruit/hypocotyl from five species of Rhizophoraceae (Bruguieria cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, and R. mucronata) from the Langsa mangrove forest, Aceh. The method used in this study was the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) bioassay using Artemia salina Leach at extract concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml. Samples were extracted using the maceration method and methanol as the solvent. The cytotoxic activity of 20 Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts showed that 12 extracts were toxic with an LC50 range of 31.5 - 934.9 μg/ml (based on LC50 ≤ 1000 μg/ml). The two extracts of which the closest to highly toxic (based on LC50 ≤ 30 μg/ml) were C. decandra bark showed LC50 of 31.5 μg/ml, and R. mucronata bark showed LC50 31.8 μg/ml. This shows that Rhizophoraceae extract has potential as a natural anticancer agent. In the five rhizophoraceae species, C. decandra was the most active compared to other species. In the four plant parts, the bark was the most toxic.
Bio-priming of Aceh local chili seeds in the effort to increase production and begomo virus resistance
Authors: Hafsah S , Yusnizar  , Nura  , Kaloko K S , Reza F , Firdaus
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether P60 could induce resistance in local Aceh chili varieties to begomovirus and compared with national varieties. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from March to July 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design. The tested factors consisted of two factors. The first factor is bio priming. The second factor consists of four local Aceh chili varieties, namely: V1 = Odeng, V2 = Lanyoe, V3 = Super Lamando and V4 = LamandoLapaben and one national variety, namely V5 = Baja F1 as a comparison variety. The results showed that the best local Aceh variety was LamandoLapaben for the variables of resistance response, incubation period, disease intensity, disease incidence, stem diameter, and crown width. The best local variety Aceh Lanyoe on plant height and dichotomous height parameters. Giving P60 can reduce the percentage of disease incidence by 52.00% and slow down the process of emergence of disease symptoms (incubation period) 27.11 DAP. The best combination treatment was the LamandoLapaben variety, which was 1.41 milligram Units-1 (Umg)-1.