bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective damping of local low frequency oscillations in power systems integrated with bulk PV generation
Authors: Abd El-Kareem Ahmed Hesham , Abd Elhameed Mohamed , Elkholy Mahmoud M.
Published: December 2021

High penetration of renewable sources into conventional power systems results in reduction of system inertia and noticeable low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) in the rotor speed of synchronous generators. In this paper, we propose effective damping of LFOs by incorporating a supplementary damping controller with a photovoltaic (PV) generating station, where the parameters of this controller are coordinated optimally with those of a power system stabilizer (PSS). The proposed method is applied to damp local electromechanical modes by studying a system comprising a synchronous generator and a PV station connected to an infinite bus. The PV station is modeled following the instructions of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council. The problem is modeled as an optimization problem, where the damping ratio of the electromechanical modes is designed as the objective function. Constraints including upper and lower limits of decision parameters and damping ratio of other modes are considered by imposing penalties on the objective function. Different optimization algorithms are used to pursue the optimal design, such as political, improved gray wolves and equilibrium optimizers. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller with PSS in damping local modes of oscillations.
Combined simultaneous FDG-PET/MRI with T1 and T2 mapping as an imaging biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of suspected cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Cheung Edward , Ahmad Sarah , Aitken Matthew , Chan Rosanna , Iwanochko Robert M. , Balter Meyer , Metser Ur , Veit-Haibach Patrick , Billia Filio , Moayedi Yasbanoo , Ross Heather J. , Hanneman Kate
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of combined cardiac18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI with T1/T2 mapping in the evaluation of suspected cardiac sarcoidosis.

Methods

Patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis were prospectively enrolled for cardiac18F-FDG PET/MRI, including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1/T2 mapping with calculation of extracellular volume (ECV). The final diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis was established using modified JMHW guidelines. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were assessed as a composite of cardiovascular death, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, bradyarrhythmia, cardiac transplantation or heart failure. Statistical analysis included Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Forty-two patients (53 ± 13 years, 67% male) were evaluated, 13 (31%) with a final diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Among patients with cardiac sarcoidosis, 100% of patients had at least one abnormality on PET/MRI: FDG uptake in 69%, LGE in 100%, elevated T1 and ECV in 100%, and elevated T2 in 46%. FDG uptake co-localized with LGE in 69% of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis compared to 24% of those without,p = 0.014. Diagnostic specificity for cardiac sarcoidosis was highest for FDG uptake (69%), elevated T2 (79%), and FDG uptake co-localizing with LGE (76%). Diagnostic sensitivity was highest for LGE, elevated T1 and ECV (100%). After median follow-up duration of 634 days, 13 patients experienced MACE. All patients who experienced MACE had LGE, elevated T1 and elevated ECV. FDG uptake (HR 14.7,p = 0.002), elevated T2 (HR 9.0,p = 0.002) and native T1 (HR 1.1 per 10 ms increase,p = 0.044) were significant predictors of MACE even after adjusting for left ventricular ejection fraction and immune suppression treatment. The presence of FDG uptake co-localizing with LGE had the highest diagnostic performance overall (AUC 0.73) and was the best predictor of MACE based on model goodness of fit (HR 14.9,p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Combined cardiac FDG-PET/MRI with T1/T2 mapping provides complementary diagnostic information and predicts MACE in patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis.
Do metal infrastructure effects cancel out in time-lapse electromagnetic measurements?
Authors: Orujov Gurban , Swidinsky Andrei , Streich Rita
Published: December 2021

Controlled-source electromagnetic methods have the potential to be used in reservoir monitoring problems due to their sensitivity to subsurface resistivity distribution. For example, time-lapse electromagnetic (EM) measurements can help to determine reservoir changes during enhanced oil recovery processes, such as water/steam injection or CO2 sequestration. Although metal infrastructure, such as pipelines and casings, can strongly influence EM data and mask the underlying geologic response, these effects have not previously been quantified for time-lapse surveys. We have analyzed the effects of well casings on time-lapse surface-to-surface EM measurements using 1D and 3D modeling. First, using a synthetic example of an onshore 1D hydrocarbon reservoir, we quantified the effect of single and multiple casings at several source and receiver locations. We found that time-lapse responses are significantly distorted when a source or receiver is located near a casing. Next, we approximated a hydrocarbon reservoir as a thin bounded resistive sheet. We developed a method of moments algorithm to calculate the respective secondary currents and charges on a well casing and resistive sheet combination and validated the electric fields these secondary sources generate against finite-element modeling. Finally, we calculated and explicitly demonstrated time-lapse amplitude changes in the well casing-thin-sheet interaction matrix, secondary currents, charges, and surface electric fields. Our 3D modeling results indicated that the conductive casing reduces the ability of the resistive sheet to impede current flow and distorts time-lapse responses. Therefore, one cannot fully eliminate casing effects by subtraction of time-lapse data and must fully incorporate such infrastructure into forward models for time-lapse EM inversion.
Fó (佛), Pwuche (仏体), and Hotoke (保止氣)
Authors: Xu Ye
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to discuss how the Chinese loanword fó (佛) was incorporated into pre-Old Korean (pre-OK), Old Korean (OK), and Western Old Japanese (WOJ) on the basis of textual research using various primary sources from China, Korea, and Japan. The author proposes that two routes exist to explain the borrowing of the Chinese word fó (佛) into pre-OK, OK, and WOJ: one route from the Six Dynasties to the Korean Three Kingdoms period to Japan's pre-Nara period, and one from the Sui and Tang dynasties to the Unified Silla and Koryŏ periods.
Safety Profile and Factors Associated With Good Outcome for Endovascularly Treated Infectious Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Lai Pui Man Rosalind , Caragher Seamus , Patel Nirav J. , Du Rose , Ali Aziz-Sultan Mohammad
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Infectious intracranial aneurysms (IIAs), or mycotic aneurysms, are infectious inflammatory lesions that can cause devastating neurological damage or death. Recent systemic reviews have suggested endovascular treatment to be efficacious for IIA management.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the safety profile of different endovascular methods for treating ruptured and unruptured IIAs and factors associated with good clinical and radiographic outcomes.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective single study of endovascularly treated ruptured and unruptured IIAs between 2003 and 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to study patient presentation, endovascular treatments used, and clinical and radiographic outcomes.

RESULTS:

Thirty-eight patients with ruptured (n = 20) and unruptured (n = 18) IIAs treated with endovascular methods were included. One patient required retreatment after aneurysm recanalization, and 2 patients demonstrated new infarcts after embolization. There was no postprocedural radiographic hemorrhage or infarct and no difference in clinical and radiographic outcomes comparing treatment modality. Hypertension was associated with ruptured IIA status and worse clinical outcome at 6 mo (odds ratio: 0.03 [95% confidence interval: 0.002-0.52]).

CONCLUSION:

In this study, the largest single-center series to date, we showed that endovascular intervention is a safe and effective strategy for both ruptured and unruptured IIAs. Hypertension was associated with ruptured status and worse clinical outcome. Procedures are generally well-tolerated and safe, with good outcomes for patients.
The microRNA miR-202 prevents precocious spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation during mouse spermatogenesis
Authors: Chen Jian , Gao Chenxu , Lin Xiwen , Ning Yan , He Wei , Zheng Chunwei , Zhang Daoqin , Yan Lin , Jiang Binjie , Zhao Yuting , Hossen Md Alim , Han Chunsheng
Published: December 2021

Spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation during spermatogenesis are tightly regulated by a number of genes, including those encoding enzymes for miRNA biogenesis. However, whether and how single miRNAs regulate these processes remain unclear. Here, we report that miR-202, a member of the let-7 family, prevents precocious spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation in spermatogenesis by regulating the timely expression of many genes, including those for key regulators such as STRA8 and DMRT6. In miR-202 knockout (KO) mice, the undifferentiated spermatogonial pool is reduced, accompanied by age-dependent decline of fertility. In KO mice, SYCP3, STRA8 and DMRT6 are expressed earlier than in wild-type littermates, and Dmrt6 mRNA is a direct target of miR-202-5p. Moreover, the precocious spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation were also observed in KO spermatogonial stem cells when cultured and induced in vitro, and could be partially rescued by the knockdown of Dmrt6. Therefore, we have not only shown that miR-202 is a regulator of meiotic initiation but also identified a previously unknown module in the underlying regulatory network.
Structured reporting in radiologic education – Potential of different PI-RADS versions in prostate MRI controlled by in-bore MR-guided biopsies
Authors: Garmer Marietta , Karpienski Julia , Groenemeyer Dietrich HW , Wagener Birgit , Kamper Lars , Haage Patrick
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficiency of structured reporting in radiologic education – based on the example of different PI-RADS score versions for multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate.

Methods:

MpMRI of 688 prostate lesions in 180 patients were retrospectively reviewed by an experienced radiologist and by a student using PI-RADS V1 and V2. Data sets were reviewed for changes according to PI-RADS V2.1. The results were correlated with results obtained by MR-guided biopsy. Diagnostic potency was evaluated by ROC analysis. Sensitivity, specificity and correct-graded samples were evaluated for different cutpoints. The agreement between radiologist and student was determined for the aggregation of the PI-RADS score in three categories. The student’s time needed for evaluation was measured.

Results:

The area under curve of the ROC analysis was 0.782/0.788 (V1/V2) for the student and 0.841/0.833 (V1/V2) for the radiologist. The agreement between student and radiologist showed a Cohen‘s weighted κ coefficient of 0.495 for V1 and 0.518 for V2. Median student’s time needed for score assessment was 4:34 min for PI-RADSv1 and 2:00 min for PI-RADSv2 (p < 0.001). Re-evaluation for V2.1 changed the category in 1.4% of all ratings.

Conclusion:

The capacity of prostate cancer detection using PI-RADS V1 and V2 is dependent on the reader‘s experience. The results from the two observers indicate that structured reporting using PI-RADS and, controlled by histopathology, can be a valuable and quantifiable tool in students‘ or residents’ education. Herein, V2 was superior to V1 in terms of inter-observer agreement and time efficacy.

Advances in knowledge:

Structured reporting can be a valuable and quantifiable tool in radiologic education. Structured reporting using PI-RADS can be used by a student with good performance. PI-RADS V2 is superior to V1 in terms of inter-observer agreement and time efficacy.
Frameshifting at collided ribosomes is modulated by elongation factor eEF3 and by integrated stress response regulators Gcn1 and Gcn20
Authors: Houston Lisa , Platten Evan M. , Connelly Sara M. , Wang Jiyu , Grayhack Elizabeth J.
Published: December 2021

Ribosome stalls can result in ribosome collisions that elicit quality control responses, one function of which is to prevent ribosome frameshifting, an activity that entails the interaction of the conserved yeast protein Mbf1 with uS3 on colliding ribosomes. However, the full spectrum of factors that mediate frameshifting during ribosome collisions is unknown. To delineate such factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we used genetic selections for mutants that affect frameshifting from a known ribosome stall site, CGA codon repeats. We show that the general translation elongation factor eEF3 and the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway components Gcn1 and Gcn20 modulate frameshifting in opposing manners. We found a mutant form of eEF3 that specifically suppressed frameshifting, but not translation inhibition by CGA codons. Thus, we infer that frameshifting at collided ribosomes requires eEF3, which facilitates tRNA–mRNA translocation and E-site tRNA release in yeast and other single cell organisms. In contrast, we found that removal of either Gcn1 or Gcn20, which bind collided ribosomes with Mbf1, increased frameshifting. Thus, we conclude that frameshifting is suppressed by Gcn1 and Gcn20, although these effects are not mediated primarily through activation of the ISR. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between eEF3-mediated frameshifting and other quality control mechanisms, finding that Mbf1 requires either Hel2 or Gcn1 to suppress frameshifting with wild-type eEF3. Thus, these results provide evidence of a direct link between translation elongation and frameshifting at collided ribosomes, as well as evidence that frameshifting is constrained by quality control mechanisms that act on collided ribosomes.
Susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over a period of five years at Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Khursheed Nazia , Asif Sunil , Bano Safia , Ali Maria Mushtaq , Adnan Fareeha
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the susceptibility pattern and frequency of isolation of multidrug, pre-extensively drug and extensively drug resistant TB in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Method: A cross-sectional study was designed. Samples received in the lab were processed for growth and sensitivity testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Isolation of MTB was done on Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) followed by identification using MPT64. Samples were than evaluated for drug sensitivity against first and second-line antimycobacterial drugs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0.

Results: Of the 20014 samples received, 23.1% were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug sensitivity testing was performed on 95.9% isolates. Fifty-two percent samples were from males and 48% female patients. The study found statistically non-significant relationship between gender and likelihood of disease with drug-resistant (DR)-MTB organisms. The rate of isolation of MDR-TB was highest (43%) among ages 25-55 years and previously treated patients compared to newly diagnosed patients (62% vs 36%). Among MTB positive samples, 91.5% were pulmonary while 8.5% were extrapulmonary samples. Extrapulmonary samples were more likely to be sensitive to antimycobacterial drugs. The highest resistance was observed against Isoniazid (pulmonary=58%; extrapulmonary=12.7%), Rifampicin (pulmonary=58.7%; extrapulmonary=8.2%), and Levofloxacin (pulmonary=29.2%; extrapulmonary=20%).

Conclusion: A considerable number of drug resistant tuberculosis cases were identified in the present study. It is essential to develop further strategies to reduce the spread of this disease.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5778

How to cite this:Khursheed N, Asif S, Bano S, Ali MM, Adnan F. Susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over a period of five years at Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(2):399-404.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5778

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A modeling framework for the spatiotemporal evolution of cancer tumors and study of immunotherapy based approaches in the case of glioblastoma
Authors: Αντωνόπουλος Μάρκος
Published: December 2021

Στο πρώτο μέρος της διατριβής αναπτύσσεται μία πρωτότυπη μεθοδολογία για την μαθηματική/υπολογιστική μοντελοποίηση της χωρικής και χρονικής εξέλιξης καρκινικών όγκων, που αποσκοπεί στην ευέλικτη επαναπροσαρμογή του προκύπτοντος μοντέλου βάσει εναλλακτικών αρχικών υποθέσεων και νέων δεδομένων καθώς και στην υπολογιστική του επίδοση σε σχέση με την απαιτούμενη λεπτομέρεια της χωρικής και χρονικής διακριτοποίησης.Το δεύτερο μέρος της διατριβής αφορά την μελέτη ιατρικών δεδομένων από την κλινική μελέτη HGG-2010 (EudraCT 2009-018228-14) που πραγματοποιήθηκε στο πανεπιστημιακό νοσοκομείο του Leuven. Η κλινική μελέτη αφορούσε την προσθήκη ανοσοθεραπείας στο πρωτόκολλο χημειο/ακτινοθεραπείας για ασθενείς με γλοιοβλάστωμα. Το βασικό κλινικό ερώτημα αφορούσε την εκτίμηση ή/και τις ενδείξεις για το κατά πόσο ένας ασθενής έχει πιθανότητες να ωφεληθεί από την προσθήκη ανοσοθεραπείας στο θεραπευτικό σχήμα βάσει της αρχικής κλινικής του εικόνας της κατάστασης του ανοσοποιητικού του συστήματος. Στα πλαίσια της μελέτης αναπτύχθηκε ένας συστηματικός τρόπος ανίχνευσης χαρακτηριστικών της ανοσολογικής εικόνας του ασθενούς με ενδεχόμενη προβλεπτική ικανότητα ως προς το προαναφερθέν κλινικό ερώτημα.
Integration of process design and control based on economics
Authors: Πατήλας Χρήστος
Published: December 2021

Στο προκαταρτικό στάδιο του σχεδιασμού μιας οποιασδήποτε διεργασίας, ο μηχανικός διεργασιών θα πρέπει να είναι σε θέση να μελετήσει την δυναμική συμπεριφορά του συστήματος κάνοντας χρήση γενικών μαθηματικών προτύπων. Με αυτό τον τρόπο, δύναται να κατανοήσει πλήρως την λειτουργία τέτοιων συστημάτων κάτω από οποιεσδήποτε συνθήκες ενώ ταυτόχρονα στοχεύει στην διατήρηση της διεργασίας στις βέλτιστες συνθήκες λειτουργίας. Βάσει αυτών, η έρευνα τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει στραφεί προς την ανάπτυξη μεθοδολογιών και τεχνικών με σκοπό την αντιμετώπιση του συνδυασμένου προβλήματος σχεδιασμού και ρύθμισης διεργασιών. Οι μεθοδολογίες αυτές κάνουν χρήση διαφόρων τεχνικών βελτιστοποίησης καθώς επίσης και ευριστικών μεθόδων και μπορούν να χωριστούν σε δύο βασικές κατηγορίες ανάλογα με το πρόβλημα που δύναται να επιλύσουν: (α) Προβλήματος Διαδοχικού Σχεδιασμού και Ρύθμισης διεργασιών και (β) Προβλήματος Ταυτόχρονου Σχεδιασμού και Ρύθμισης διεργασιών. Στην παρούσα Διδακτορική Διατριβή παρουσιάζονται μεθοδολογίες που επιλύουν και τις δύο κατηγορίες προβλημάτων οι οποίες βασίζονται στην μεθοδολογία back-off.Η μεθοδολογία back-off αναπτύσσεται και βελτιώνεται συνεχώς τα τελευταία 30 έτη. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, έχουν αναπτυχθεί τρείς διατυπώσεις του προβλήματος αυτού που βασίζονται στα πρότυπα Μικτού Ακέραιου Γραμμικού, Μη-Γραμμικού και Τετραγωνικού Προγραμματισμού. Η πιο πρόσφατη διατύπωση του Τετραγωνικού Προγραμματισμού αποτελεί αντικείμενο μελέτης της παρούσας Διδακτορικής Διατριβής μιας και εμφανίζει σημαντικά πλεονεκτήματα έναντι της παλαιότερης που βασίστηκε στο Γραμμικό Προγραμματισμό. Συμπερασματικά λοιπόν, η μεθοδολογία back-off μπορεί να αντιμετωπίσει το διαδοχικό πρόβλημα εύρεσης δομών ρύθμισης με συστηματικό και αποτελεσματικό τρόπο έχοντας μια πληθώρα ικανών διατυπώσεων και έχοντας δοκιμαστεί σε πολλές διεργασίας ευρείας κλίμακας.Η σπουδαιότητα της επίλυσης του Προβλήματος Ταυτόχρονου Σχεδιασμού και Ρύθμισης διεργασιών στα αρχικά στάδια του σχεδιασμού έχει αναγνωριστεί από πολλούς ερευνητές ανά τα χρόνια ενώ σημαντική προσπάθεια έχει γίνει για την ανάπτυξη αυτού το τομέα. Στην παρούσα Διδακτορική Διατριβή παρουσιάζεται μία πρωτότυπη μεθοδολογία για την επίλυση του Προβλήματος Ταυτόχρονου Σχεδιασμού και Ρύθμισης διεργασιών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία βασίζεται στην μεθοδολογία back-off για την αποφυγή επίλυσης πολύπλοκων προβλημάτων δυναμικής βελτιστοποίησης. Η μέθοδος αυτή βασίζεται στην επίλυση ενός στατικού προβλήματος βελτιστοποίησης, όπου όλες οι πληροφορίες σχετικές με την δυναμική της εκάστοτε διεργασίας έχουν αποτυπωθεί στην υποχώρηση από τους περιορισμούς με σκοπό την διατήρηση της διεργασίας στην εφικτή περιοχή λειτουργίας. Επιπροσθέτως, στην παρούσα Διδακτορική Διατριβή, παρουσιάζεται μια νέα αλγοριθμική προσέγγιση της παραπάνω μεθοδολογίας με σκοπό την βελτίωση της σε προβλήματα μεγάλης κλίμακας. Η τελευταία δίνει επίσης την δυνατότητα εφαρμογής της σε εργοστασιακής κλίμακας προβλήματα. Η πρακτική εφαρμογή και η αποτελεσματικότητα των μεθοδολογιών αυτών εξετάζετε μέσω διαφόρων εφαρμογών.
Sustainable insulating foams based on recycled polyurethanes from construction and demolition wastes
Authors: Elorza Edurne , Aranberri Ibon , Zhou Xiangming , Kastiukas Gediminas , Alduncin Juan Antonio
Published: December 2021

Background: Polyurethane (PU) foams contained in construction and demolition wastes (CDW) represent a great environmental impact, since they usually end in landfill or incineration processes. The goal of this work is to develop a way to formulate PU foams, maintaining (or ever improving) their performance, by the re-use of those industrial wastes. This procedure will allow minimize both the volume of disposal to be treated by other ways and the amount of pristine raw material needed to produce new PU foams.

Methods: In this work, new rigid and soft polyurethane (PU) foams have been formulated with addition of recycled PU foams coming from demolition of buildings. Density, Fourier transform infrared analysis, compression properties and thermal conductivity were measured to characterize the resulting foams.

Results: The work showed that addition of filler coming from recycled PU foams should be limited to low percentages, in order to allow good foam evolution from the reactants. Thermal conductivity values of modified rigid foams are worse than those of pristine foam, which is undesirable for thermal insulation purposes; however, in the case of soft foams, this parameter improved to some extent with low levels of recycled PU foam addition.

Conclusions: The studied procedure could contribute to reduce the thermal conductivity of pristine soft PU foam, which would be of interest for applications where thermal insulation matters.
Two new Bacidina species (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) from Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Maham , Habib Kamran , Czarnota Paweł , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: December 2021

Bacidina margallensis and B. iqbalii from Pakistan are described and illustrated. Phylogeny of ITS nrDNA region confirms their position within the genus Bacidina, and morphological data make them distinct from other known species of the genus. Based on molecular data, corticolous Bacidina margallensis appears to be a sister species to B. chloroticula, but morphologically, when dry, is the most similar to known from Europe B. mendax because of the granular and warted greenish grey thallus, whitish-cream to dark brown and often piebald apothecia. It differs from that species by shorter, wider and less septate ascospores; 1–3-septate in B. margallensis vs 3–5(6)-septate in B. mendax, and by unusual parrot-green colour of wet thallus. Saxicolous Bacidina iqbalii is closely related to B. neosquamulosa but differs in having crustaceous thallus, transculent when wet entirely pale apothecia, larger asci and less septate large ascospores.
Noteworthy lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Russia
Authors: Zhurbenko Mikhail P.
Published: December 2021

Notes are presented on seven species of lichenicolous, non-lichenized and lichenized fungi found in the Asian part of Russia. Endococcus pseudocarpus is reported for the first time for Northern Asia as well as for the Irkutsk Region of Russia. Plectocarpon hypogymniae and P. nephromeum are reported new to the Irkutsk Region, Taeniolella diploschistis new to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Steinia geophana new to Chukotka Autonomous Area, and Epigloea soleiformis new to the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of Russia. Hypogymnia physodes is reported as a new host species for Plectocarpon hypogymniae.
Lichens and allied fungi from the Gauja National Park (Latvia), including new records for the country
Authors: Yatsyna Alexander , Moisejevs Rolands , Degtjarenko Polina
Published: December 2021

In summer and autumn 2020, a lichenological inventory took place in the Gauja National Park (Latvia, Northern Europe). In total, 60 species of lichenized fungi, six non-lichenized saprophytic fungi and three non-lichenized fungi are reported as new for Gauja National Park. Among them, ten species are new to Latvia. Data on habitats, substrates, main characteristics and distribution in the neighbouring countries to Latvia are provided. The total number of lichenized and closely related fungi for the Gauja National Park is 346.
The lichens and allied fungi of the southern part of the Kenozersky National Park (Arkhangelsk Region, NW Russia)
Authors: Pchelkin Aleksey V. , Tarasova Viktoria N. , Valekzhanin Andrei A.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the first data on lichen diversity in the Kenozersky National Park (Arkhangelsk Region, Northwest Russia). As a result of the study, 263 species and 1 subspecies of lichens and allied fungi were found in the southern part of the national park. Seventeen lichen species are reported for the first time for Arkhangelsk Region. Biatora albidula is a new species for Northwest European Russia. Two recorded species are included in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation and 7 in the Red Data Book of Arkhangelsk Region. Pycnothelia papillaria can be recommended for inclusion to the Red Data Book of Arkhangelsk Region.
Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. in the southwestern Baltic – Kattegat area
Authors: Schiefelbein Ulf , Arnfred Terkel , Dolnik Christian , Neumann Patrick , Ossowska Emilia , Poulsen Roar , Søchting Ulrik , Thell Arne
Published: December 2021

The past and present distribution of Lobaria pulmonaria in Denmark, northern Germany, northwestern Poland and nemoral parts of Skåne, Blekinge, southwesternmost Småland and southern Öland (Sweden) has been studied. Of 124 localities visited between 2015 and 2018, L. pulmonaria was confirmed at 64 sites, at each of which its habitat ecology and viability were investigated. It is almost extinct in Schleswig-Holstein, in southern Jutland, on the Danish Islands, in southwestern Skåne, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and in the western part of Pomerania. It has disappeared almost completely from areas where mesophytic forests form the potential natural vegetation. The commonest habitats for L. pulmonaria are species-poor acidic beech and species-poor oak forests, and the commonest substrates are trunks of beech, followed by oak. L. pulmonaria specimens on about two thirds of the colonized trees were in a healthy condition. The situation is worst in Schleswig-Holstein and on the Danish Islands, but best in Blekinge and central and northern Jutland. Recent distribution seems to be influenced by both anthropogenic (e.g. air pollution by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen and forestry practices) and natural factors (precipitation, temperature, air humidity), as well as unnatural climatic factors (global warming).
The Value Picture of the World of Modern Russian Society Through the Prism of Language and Experimental Data
Authors: Milovanova M. , Shamsutdinova R.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses current linguistic facts (the oral nature of written statements, the abundance of expression and occasionalisms, the growth of evaluative vocabulary, the activation of pronominal units), demonstrating changes that affect the value picture of the world of modern Russian society: an increase in the importance of personal, personal interests and preferences. These changes are stimulated by the continuing strengthening of the culture of consumption and increasing digitalization, also consonant with the ideals of the consumer society. The planned axiological transformations are supported by experimental results - information obtained during the survey, the purpose of which is to form an idea of the understanding by young people – future philologists of the current state of the axiosphere of modern Russian society.
The Scientific Heritage of Professor O.Ya. Goikhman as a Methodological and Theoretical Basis for the New Section of the Journal
Authors: Bobylev B.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the methodological and theoretical justification of the new section of the journal. The significance of the ideas of Professor O.G. Gokhman in the formation of communication research as a science, as well as the realization of its spiritual and harmonizing potential in modern crisis socio-cultural conditions is evaluated. The presentation and analysis of the article by religious scholar T.A.Poletaeva, which opens the rubric, is being carried out. The significant methodological and theoretical potential of the proposed synthesis of scientific approaches within the conceptual field of communication research is noted.
Communication Science-2021: Results and Prospects
Authors: Goncharova Lyubov
Published: December 2021

The journal presents the works of Russian scientists reflecting the research of intercultural, advertising, professional communication, issues of educational activities in the field of communication studies, as well as general humanitarian problems of communication science.
Developing Professional Identity of Future Specialists in the Digital Educational Space of the University
Authors: Kostikova L.
Published: December 2021

Developing professional identity of future specialists remains an important task of modern universities under different circumstances, either in traditional form of education or in digital educational space. Professional and learning communication acquire new forms under the influence of the rapid development of information and communication technologies. Online survey organized among teachers and students of Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin (57 respondents) showed, that most of the respondents support blended learning, combining traditional and online learning. In the process of developing professional identity of future specialists, online learning theory is possible, but practical training needs traditional format. That is why medical, technical, military and some other universities avoid online learning. Nevertheless, some forms of online communication remain very popular, among them organizing online conferences and round table discussions, using resources of electronic library systems, organizing independent work of students in distance courses on the platform of LMS Moodle, in-service training, etc.
The Importance of Speech Communication in Achieving a Person’s Prestige Needs
Authors: Papusha I.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the correlation of speech communication with human needs, represented on the fourth level of "Maslow's pyramid". The role of speech communication in achieving such prestigious needs as respect, authority, fame, honor, power, etc. is revealed. Particular attention is paid to the expansion of the functionality of speech communication in connection with the specifics of the prestige needs of man and the change in his status as a conceptual person.
A DIAGNOSIS OF RUSSIA'S MILITARY CAPABILITY IN A SITUATION OF AN ESCALATION OF HOSTILITY IN UKRAINE AND POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SAFETY OF THE EASTERN NATO FLANK
Authors: Michalski Daniel , Radomyski Adam
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of research, whose main goal is to evaluate the aviation and rocket capability of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and Ukraine in terms of a possible launch of regular warfare. The authors primarily focus on changes in the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, which have created legal determinants of the use of armed forces outside the country’s territory in defense of national minorities, illustrated by taking control of Crimea. The authors also stress Russia’s military plans, including the development directions of the potential of armed forces as well as a possible threat to the security of the eastern NATO’s flank in the event of a conflict in Ukraine. In this respect, the capabilities of the air defense of countries on the eastern NATO flank, particularly Poland’s capability, were analyzed.
El acto transformador del kintsugi en la educación secundaria.
Authors: Loureiro-Sanjuán María
Published: December 2021

El artículo introduce la necesidad de crear nuevas metodologías en la educación tradicional que incluyan la divergencia del alumnado, fomenten la creatividad y asimilen la frustración con el fin de que no desemboque en abandono escolar. En el apartado de divergencia, aprender a equivocarse se hace balance del kintsugi (técnica japonesa que revaloriza las grietas de las piezas de porcelana) como herramienta educativa generadora de reflexión y de análisis, dejando la educación artística en piezas “bonitas” o “feas”. Su valor ha llegado a traspasar el movimiento estético para convertirse en parte de la cultura oriental. La metodología kintsugi no deja de ser parte básica de la investigación artística y científica. Un laboratorio experimental de vida donde el equivocarse es parte del aprendizaje y sirve para dar lugar a nuevas respuestas con acciones artivistas necesarias en las aulas de los institutos en la actualidad, así como expone grandes errores que cambiaron la historia (la medicina, la fotografía, entre otros). Finalmente, se aborda la conclusión del A/r/tivismo kintsugi como metodología estratégica para el alumnado en educación secundaria, tanto dentro como fuera del aula
Arte y Patrimonio: educación, formación docente e ideología en Venezuela.
Authors: García-Valecillo Zaida
Published: December 2021

Investigadores y organismos internacionales han expresado la necesidad de incorporar la valoración de la creación artística y el patrimonio cultural al sistema educativo; como un mecanismo de formación ciudadana y un derecho humano que proporciona identidad y sentido de pertenencia. El presente artículo analiza el Área Arte y Patrimonio, la cual es parte del diseño curricular de la educación secundaria venezolana; creado en 2017 bajo la visión ideológica del gobierno. Este estudio se realizó en cuatro planos de análisis: 1. Enfoques para abordar la Educación Artística y la Educación Patrimonial en la sociedad actual; 2. La situación socioeducativa de Venezuela en un contexto de Emergencia Humanitaria Compleja; 3. Estructura de contenidos del Área de estudio en correlación con la visión del gobierno bolivariano; 4. La formación docente en arte y patrimonio en las instituciones universitarias. Estos planos se triangularon y contrastaron para establecer su correlación dentro de la crisis que vive Venezuela.
Aportaciones científicas sobre apps para dispositivos móviles. Vinculaciones educativas y a las artes visuales.
Authors: Mascarell-Palau David
Published: December 2021

Esta aportación acomete un análisis de experiencias educativas y estudios científicos en que participan las apps, aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles, en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, y que están vinculadas a la educación, particularmente a lo visual en las artes. Las propuestas seleccionadas abarcan estudios sobre perspectivas tan diversas y pertinentes como el análisis de apps educativas que colaboran en el proceso educativo, análisis visual de interfaces gráficas interactivas, gamificación, realidad aumentada o sobre atención visual frente a estímulos. Por otro lado, se aborda la influencia de la interacción hipertextual en las inteligencias múltiples. En el proceso, se ha llevado a cabo una selección de textos mediante la metodología del análisis de contenido, con el fin de acotar y seleccionar los que responden a los objetivos marcados. Los resultados sostienen a las apps como un recurso o complemento de interés para el ejercicio de determinadas destrezas, competencias y aptitudes entre los discentes. La tarea del docente estriba en elegir correctamente los recursos que pueden aportar beneficios al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Pudiendo llegar a ser un medio potenciador de las inteligencias múltiples, también desde el plano Visual-Espacial.
Stopień doktora praw w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego w Polsce – regulacje prawne oraz postulaty Wydziałów Prawa
Authors: Dąbrowski Przemysław
Published: December 2021

Doctor of Law Degree in the Interwar Period in Poland – Legal Regulations and Postulates of the Faculties of Law
Several periods can be distinguished in the creation of legal regulations regarding the doctoral degree, including the doctor of laws. The first one, until 1924, was of a transitional nature, the years 1924-1933 were used to develop general, procedural guidelines, and the period after 1933 was to adapt the existing regulations to the new Act on Academic Schools. It should be noted that all legal acts relating to the doctoral degree were consulted with law faculties, and their opinions had a direct impact on the introduced changes.
M-Convex Function Minimization Under L1-Distance Constraint and Its Application to Dock Reallocation in Bike-Sharing System
Authors: Shioura Akiyoshi
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider a problem of minimizing an M-convex function under an L1-distance constraint (MML1); the constraint is given by an upper bound for L1-distance between a feasible solution and a given “center.” This is motivated by a nonlinear integer programming problem for reallocation of dock capacity in a bike-sharing system discussed by Freund et al. (2017). The main aim of this paper is to better understand the combinatorial structure of the dock reallocation problem through the connection with M-convexity and show its polynomial-time solvability using this connection. For this, we first show that the dock reallocation problem and its generalizations can be reformulated in the form of (MML1). We then present a pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm for (MML1) based on the steepest descent approach. We also propose two polynomial-time algorithms for (MML1) by replacing the L1-distance constraint with a simple linear constraint. Finally, we apply the results for (MML1) to the dock reallocation problem to obtain a pseudo-polynomial-time steepest descent algorithm and also polynomial-time algorithms for this problem. For this purpose, we develop a polynomial-time algorithm for a relaxation of the dock reallocation problem by using a proximity-scaling approach, which is of interest in its own right.
Stroke and Respiratory Failure: Mind the Shunt!
Authors: Mano Diana , Campos Patrícia , Vale Bruno , Pinto Alexandre
Published: December 2021

When stroke patients present with respiratory failure, the first thought that clinicians have is that it is probably related to aspiration pneumonia. However, other causes should be considered, such as intracardiac or intrapulmonary shunts, that could present with paradoxical embolism. Paradoxical embolism is a rare entity defined by the occurrence of a venous thrombotic event associated with a systemic arterial embolism. Frequently, paradoxical embolism presents with platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome is uncommon and is characterized by dyspnoea and hypoxaemia induced by orthostatic position, where symptoms and oxygenation are relieved by recumbency. The authors report a case of a patient who presented with an ischaemic stroke and progression to platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome with documentation of simultaneous pulmonary embolism and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
Examining the effects of upper extremity function and arm sling type on balance, gait and fall risk in patients with hemiparesis
Authors: Lee Seung-Hyuk , Lee Joon-Hee
Published: December 2021

Background/aims

Previous studies have reported conflicting results on the effects of arm slings on the balance and gait of patients with hemiparesis. These previous studies did not consider the ability to control the upper extremity on the affected side as a factor that could affect the patient's balance or gait when an arm sling was applied. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of upper extremity function in the affected side and arm position according to the sling type on balance, gait and fall.

Methods

A total of 31 stroke patients participated in the study and were assigned to two groups according to upper extremity function (low-score group and high-score group). Under three conditions (no sling, forearm sling and shoulder sling), a fall risk test, postural stability test and limits of stability test were performed and speed, stride duration, step length and total time were measured.

Results

When the high-score group wore forearm slings, the static and dynamic balance ability decreased and the fall risk increased. When the low-score group wore forearm slings and shoulder slings, the static and dynamic balance ability increased and the fall risk decreased. The high-score group had a shorter gait time when wearing shoulder slings. When the low-score group wore forearm slings, the speed and step length increased and the total time decreased, enhancing the overall gait ability.

Conclusions

For stroke patients with better upper extremity control ability, shoulder slings are more appropriate. For patients with poor upper extremity control ability, forearm slings are more appropriate. Using the appropriate sling according to the upper extremity function can improve balance and gait ability and fall risk can be reduced.
Considerations for hand hygiene to reduce hospital acquired infections in practice
Authors: Parkes Gina
Published: December 2021

As veterinary nurses, our role as set out in the professional conduct guidance by the RCVS states that when providing care, veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses should ‘ensure a hygienic and safe environment’.

This means that we should actively contribute to the careful consideration of day-to-day practices within the clinic that safeguard patients to ensure that when they enter they clinics, they are not exposed to increased risk from infection. Understanding the need for good hand hygiene in clinic, along with the appropriate considerations, means that we are able to implement good practice.
Osteoarthritis in canines part 1: geriatric pain management
Authors: Goldberg Mary Ellen
Published: December 2021

Osteoarthritis is a developmental disease that progresses as the canine ages. While incurable, there are ways to help mitigate the severity of the disease. Geriatric patients often have pain, lowered mobility, and decreased quality of life. Utilisation of clinical metrology instruments (CMIs), published pain management guidelines, multimodal medications, published quality of life scales, and the use of physical rehabilitation modalities/techniques enable the dog to live a full life. The dog's advancing age does not have to cause abrupt cessation of activities that all family members enjoy. Environmental modification and client education allow dogs to enjoy their entire life with their families.
Slovenian Primary School Teachers' Opinion on Interdisciplinary Approach Between Fine Art and Science Education
Authors: Potočnik Robert , Košir Tanja , Devetak Iztok
Published: December 2021

In this article we present research on Slovenian primary school teachers' opinion about the interdisciplinary approach between fine art and science education. With the help of questionnaires, interviews, and analysis of lesson plans, we determined how primary school teachers use this type of interdisciplinary approach, how often and what their views are. We included 138 primary school teachers from every region in Slovenia. It turned out that primary school teachers in Slovenia use an interdisciplinary approach between fine art and science teaching quite often and consider it useful to achieve different aspects of pupils' development. The study revealed that most teachers find it difficult to consider the educational goals of both fields (fine art, science). They often use the connection between the subjects only on an associative level - they only mention the teaching content of one subject quickly and carelessly, without making meaningful connections and without achieving the goals of both subjects. Content taught in this way cannot be considered a cross-curricular approach in the subject sense.
Parental Involvement and High School Dropout: Perspectives from Students, Parents, and Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Nguyen Giang-Nguyen T. , Havard Byron , Otto Barbara
Published: December 2021

Students drop out of schools for many reasons, and it has negative effects on the individual and society. This paper reports a study using data published in 2015 from the Educational Longitudinal Study conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics to analyze the influence of parental involvement on low-achieving U.S. students’ graduation rates from high school. Findings indicate that both students and parents share the same perspective on the need for parental involvement in their academic progress. For low-achieving high school students, parental involvement in academic work is a positive factor influencing students’ graduation from high school.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretim Becerilerini Geliştirmede Akran Koçluğunun Rolü
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Serpil
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı akran koçluğunun öğretmenlik becerilerinin gelişimine etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma karma yöntemlerden açıklayıcı sıralı desenle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Türkçe Öğretmenliği Lisans Programından 50 öğrenci katılmıştır. Nicel veriler Mikro Öğretimi Değerlendirme Formuyla, nitel veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilere t testi ve içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda plan yapma, derse giriş, dersi geliştirme ve genel başarı boyutlarında deney grubu lehine; konu alan bilgisi ve iletişim boyutlarında kontrol grubu lehine anlamlı farklar belirlenmiş, dersi kapatma boyutunda anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir. Katılımcılar mesleki gelişim, görüş ve deneyim paylaşımı ve duyuşsal gelişim açısından akran koçluğunun olumlu katkılar yaptığını düşünmektedirler. Danışanlar mikro öğretime kısa sürede hazırlanmaktan, önceden hatalarını görmekten, eğlenerek öğrenmekten ve koçlara her an soru sorabilmekten memnundurlar. Katılımcılar akran koçluğunun yaratıcı düşünmeyi engellemesinden endişelenmektedirler. Akran koçluğunun öğretim programında yer alması, danışanların planlarını yaptıktan sonra koçlarla çalışmaya başlamaları, iki tarafın da her aşamada yaşadıklarını öğretim elemanına rapor etmesi önerilmektedir.