bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fortunata et João José « parents de nation ». Mariage et divorce chez les Africains de l’Ouest à Rio de Janeiro au xixe siècle
Authors: Farias Juliana Barreto
Published: December 2014

Quelles étaient les significations du mariage et de son annulation devant l’Église catholique pour d’ex-esclaves originaires de la côte occidentale de l’Afrique (plus connus comme pretos ou pretos minas), qui vivaient à Rio de Janeiro au XIXe siècle ? Pour répondre à cette question, les trajectoires de vie des affranchis minas Fortunata Maria da Conceição et João José Barbosa ont servi de point de départ. En examinant le procès en annulation de leur mariage en 1848 ainsi que d’autres fonds d’archives (registres de baptêmes et de mariages, lettres d’affranchissement), les existences et les conflits conjugaux de ces deux Africains du XIXe siècle peuvent être retrouvés et décrits avec précision.
José Majojo et Francisco Moçambique, marins sur l’Atantique. Reconstruire les trajectoires de vie des esclaves à l’âge des abolitions
Authors: Mamigonian Beatriz Gallotti
Published: December 2014

Cet article se présente comme un exercice de reconstruction de trajectoires de vie à l’époque des abolitions à partir des cas de deux Africains : José Majojo et Francisco Moçambique. Ces esclaves-marins naviguaient sur le Dois de Fevereiro entre Rio de Janeiro et Benguela. Après que le bateau ait été appréhendé par la marine royale britannique, en 1841, ils ont été affranchis et envoyés à Trinidad. À partir de l’analyse de la documentation produite par la campagne de répression de la traite engagée par la Grande-Bretagne et d’autres fonds d’archives, le texte situe les deux personnages dans le contexte bien connu de l’histoire de l’Atlantique à l’âge des abolitions mais en propose aussi d’autres qui, à leur manière, sont éclairés par les trajectoires de ces deux Africains.
Esclavage africain et traite atlantique confrontés : transactions langagières et juridiques (à propos du tribunal de mucanos dans l’Angola des xviie et xviiie siècles)
Authors: Madeira-Santos Catarina
Published: December 2014

S’il est vrai que l’Angola fut le grand réservoir de main-d’œuvre américaine et que la traite y a occupé une place majeure, il est impossible de faire abstraction du fait que les sociétés africaines de l’Afrique centrale connaissaient, elles aussi, des modalités de mise en esclavage et de servitude. Avec, en arrière-plan, le complexe débat historiographique sur l’esclavage en Afrique, cet article saisit les transactions langagières et juridiques qui donnent à voir les modalités de croisement entre ces deux régimes : porosité des textes coloniaux aux lexiques africains de l’esclavage ; arbitrages du tribunal dos mucanos, en tant qu’instance de décision judiciaire africaine fonctionnant dans les chefferies mais, aussi, en tant que tribunal d’origine mbundu intégré dans le système de justice portugais sous la tutelle du gouverneur général. Cette approche propose ainsi de penser l’histoire de l’esclavage en Angola comme une histoire de contiguïtés entre deux régimes d’esclavage. Une histoire de vie en illustre les passerelles : le passage d’un Africain du statut de serf donné en gage au statut d’esclave de la traite.
La République de 1889 : utopie de l’homme blanc, peur de l’homme noir La liberté est noire, l’égalité, blanche, la fraternité, métisse)
Authors: Guimarães Antonio Sérgio Alfredo
Published: December 2014

Cet article questionne l’historiographie concernant la République brésilienne dans la perspective d’une réinterprétation qui tienne compte de l’imaginaire national caractérisé ici comme métis ou « noir ». Mon but est de chercher les racines d’une identité nationale dont le noyau réside dans le mélange interracial ou dans la recréation d’identités post-africaines que j’oppose à la manière dont le colonisateur européen a pensé le Brésil comme expansion de sa culture et de sa race dans le Nouveau Monde. Je défends la thèse selon laquelle la formation nationale a fini par réduire les idéaux de liberté à l’abolition de l’esclavage, a restreint l’égalité aux limites des classes sociales et a fait de la fraternité entre les races le seul terrain de solidarité sociale.
Les intellectuels de l’Umbanda et le nationalisme des années 1930 et 1940
Authors: Isaia Artur Cesar
Published: December 2014

Cet article s’appuie sur les travaux de quelques-uns des intellectuels impliqués dans l’Umbanda durant les décennies 1930 et 1940. Il est particulièrement attentif aux relations de cette nouvelle religion avec l’Estado Novo. Pendant cette période, les intellectuels « umbandistes » ont été des interlocuteurs privilégiés du gouvernement. Ils ont essayé de conférer à leur culte une identité conforme à la représentation, soutenue par le régime, de la Nation et de l’État. Ainsi, a pris corps un discours conciliant, harmonisant le Brésil et l’Umbanda, un discours proche de la vision métisse et ternaire propagée par Vargas.
Adieu à la dictature militaire ?
Authors: Filho João Roberto Martins
Published: December 2014

L’article concerne la pertinence du concept de « dictature civile-militaire » qui, ces dernières années, a remplacé celui de « dictature militaire » pour caractériser le régime en vigueur au Brésil de 1964 à 1985. Dans cette perspective, je souhaite retrouver l’histoire de ce nouveau concept pour ensuite le discuter sur plusieurs de ses versants. Je montrerai notamment comment on ne peut se satisfaire de cette nouvelle caractérisation qui s’est imposée du fait de l’absence d’une discussion théorique plus ample.
Le Congrès et le coup d’État de 1964. La démocratie libérale brésilienne posait-elle unproblème institutionnel ?
Authors: D’Araujo Maria Celina
Published: December 2014

Cet article vise à démontrer comment la critique du pouvoir législatif brésilien a été renforcée, durant les années 1970, par une nouvelle littérature se présentant comme porteuse d’une approche académique non seulement novatrice mais aussi plus rigoureuse en termes de recherche. Cette défiance a été complétée par une exaltation du pouvoir exécutif comme source de l’efficacité et de la modernisation. Cette tendance s’inscrit dans un mouvement qui débute avec la décennie 1930, quand commence le processus de centralisation de l’État brésilien notamment du point de vue de la prise de décisions. Pour une grande partie de la bibliographie examinée dans le cadre de ce travail, la rupture institutionnelle de 1964 aurait été la conséquence de l’impossibilité de concilier démocratie parlementaire et croissance économique.
Les métallurgistes de Rio de Janeiro et le coup d’État de 1964
Authors: Santana Marco Aurélio
Published: December 2014

Cet article expose, à partir de l’expérience concrète des ouvriers de la métallurgie de Rio de Janeiro, comment le coup d’État militaire s’y est réellement déroulé avec, notamment, un impact immédiat sur les syndicats de ces travailleurs considérés à l’époque comme étant aux avant-postes des luttes. Cette étude, qui s’appuie sur la documentation produite par l’organisation représentative de la classe ouvrière, souhaite mettre en valeur l’action des métallos, par le biais de leurs pratiques de résistance ou de collaboration, quelles que soient leurs formes. Face aux visions couramment acceptées qui minimisent leur impact en le considérant comme lacunaire, peu présent et peu efficient, l’importance de leur combat doit être réévaluée dans le contexte de la dictature.
La répression en chair et en os : les listes d’agents de l’État accusés d’actes de torture sous la dictature militaire brésilienne
Authors: Chirio Maud , Joffily Mariana
Published: December 2014

Cet article a pour objet des listes, produites entre 1978 et 1985, comprenant des noms d’agents de l’État brésilien accusés d’avoir commis des actes de torture sous le régime militaire. Il analyse leur processus d’élaboration, leurs auteurs, leurs limites et caractéristiques : régions concernées par ces pratiques, périodes, formes de divulgation des listes, organes répressifs impliqués et répercussion auprès de l’opinion publique. L’hypothèse centrale est que ces listes constituent une source privilégiée pour la compréhension d’un aspect peu connu de l’appareil répressif brésilien : sa composante humaine.
Horizon de l’exode : l’insertion d’artistes brésiliens à New York
Authors: Jaremtchuk Dária Gorete
Published: December 2014

Pendant les décennies 1960 et 1970, le flux des artistes brésiliens vers l’étranger a été considérable. Ces déplacements peuvent être vus comme un phénomène lié aussi bien à la « culture de l’exode » propre aux pays éloignés des grands centres artistiques, qu’aux spécificités du contexte politique au Brésil alors dirigé par une dictature militaire. En fait, le départ des artistes vers les États-Unis s’est fait dans la légalité et a été facilité, dans la plus grande partie des cas, par l’accès à des bourses d’étude ou à des prix de voyage à l’étranger. Le but de cet article est d’examiner les caractéristiques de ce mouvement.
Dynamiques de l’interaction chercheur/terrain : un demi-siècle d’observation ethnographique dans l’agreste du Pernambouc
Authors: Callier-Boisvert Colette
Published: December 2014

Cette histoire d’un terrain, étudié de façon discontinue mais sur une longue durée, s’inscrit dans la problématique des revisites par le même ethnographe. Toutefois, elle en diffère parce qu’elle ne se fonde pas sur la comparaison entre deux états du même objet d’étude, l’observation s’étant poursuivie pendant plusieurs décennies. L’exercice se focalise sur la description des changements survenus dans la société étudiée et dans la connaissance du site par l’ethnographe, qui influent sur l’évolution de sa perspective théorique. Ainsi le regard rétrospectif porte-t-il à la fois sur les conditions de réalisation du travail empirique et sur les dynamiques du chercheur et du terrain en interaction.
TGF-β1, but Not Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Activates Smad1/5 Pathway in Primary Human Macrophages and Induces Expression of Proatherogenic Genes
Authors: Nurgazieva Dinara , Mickley Amanda , Moganti Kondaiah , Ming Wen , Ovsyi Illya , Popova Anna , Sachindra  , Awad Kareem , Wang Nan , Bieback Karen , Goerdt Sergij , Kzhyshkowska Julia , Gratchev Alexei
Published: December 2014

Macrophages are responsible for the control of inflammation and healing, and their malfunction results in cardiometabolic disorders. TGF-β is a pleiotropic growth factor with dual (protective and detrimental) roles in atherogenesis. We have previously shown that in human macrophages, TGF-β1 activates Smad2/3 signaling and induces a complex gene expression program. However, activated genes were not limited to known Smad2/3-dependent ones, which prompted us to study TGF-β1–induced signaling in macrophages in detail. Analysis of Id3 regulatory sequences revealed a novel enhancer, located between +4517 and 4662 bp, but the luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that this enhancer is not Smad2/3 dependent. Because Id3 expression is regulated by Smad1/5 in endothelial cells, we analyzed activation of Smad1/5 in macrophages. We demonstrate here for the first time, to our knowledge, that TGF-β1, but not BMPs, activates Smad1/5 in macrophages. We show that an ALK5/ALK1 heterodimer is responsible for the induction of Smad1/5 signaling by TGF-β1 in mature human macrophages. Activation of Smad1/5 by TGF-β1 induces not only Id3, but also HAMP and PLAUR, which contribute to atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. We suggest that the balance between Smad1/5- and Smad2/3-dependent signaling defines the outcome of the effect of TGF-β on atherosclerosis where Smad1/5 is responsible for proatherogenic effects, whereas Smad2/3 regulate atheroprotective effects of TGF-β.
A Functional Polymorphism of Ptpn22 Is Associated with Type 1 Diabetes in the BioBreeding Rat
Authors: Sarmiento Janice , Wallis Robert H. , Ning Terri , Marandi Leili , Chao Gary , Veillette André , Lernmark Åke , Paterson Andrew D. , Poussier Philippe
Published: December 2014

The R620W variant of PTPN22 is one of the major genetic risk factors for several autoimmune disorders including type 1 diabetes (T1D) in humans. In the BioBreeding T1D-prone (BBDP) rat, a single nucleotide polymorphism in Ptpn22 results in an A629T substitution immediately C-terminal to the aliphatic residues central to the Ptpn22–C-terminal Src kinase interaction. This variant exhibits a 50% decrease in C-terminal Src kinase binding affinity and contributes to T cell hyperresponsiveness. Examination of BBDP sublines congenic for the Iddm26.2 locus that includes Ptpn22 has not only shown an expansion of activated CD4+25+ T lymphocytes in animals homozygous for the BBDP allele, consistent with enhanced TCR-mediated signaling, but also a decrease in their proportion of peripheral Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Furthermore, clinical assessment of both an F2(BBDP × ACI.1u.Lyp) cohort and Iddm26.2 congenic BBDP sublines has revealed an association of Ptpn22 with T1D. Specifically, in both cases, T1D risk is significantly greater in BBDP Ptpn22 homozygous and heterozygous animals. These findings are consistent with a role for rat Ptpn22 allelic variation within Iddm26.2 in the regulation of T cell responses, and subsequently the risk for development of T1D.
Profiling T Cell Activation Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Bushkin Yuri , Radford Felix , Pine Richard , Lardizabal Alfred , Mangura Bonita T. , Gennaro Maria Laura , Tyagi Sanjay
Published: December 2014

Flow cytometric characterization of Ag-specific T cells typically relies on detection of protein analytes. Shifting the analysis to detection of RNA would provide several significant advantages, which we illustrate by developing a new host immunity–based platform for detection of infections. Cytokine mRNAs synthesized in response to ex vivo stimulation with pathogen-specific Ags are detected in T cells with single–molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization followed by flow cytometry. Background from pre-existing in vivo analytes is lower for RNAs than for proteins, allowing greater sensitivity for detection of low-frequency cells. Moreover, mRNA analysis reveals kinetic differences in cytokine expression that are not apparent at the protein level but provide novel insights into gene expression programs expected to define different T cell subsets. The utility of probing immunological memory of infections is demonstrated by detecting T cells that recognize mycobacterial and viral Ags in donors exposed to the respective pathogens.
CCR6-Dependent Positioning of Memory B Cells Is Essential for Their Ability To Mount a Recall Response to Antigen
Authors: Elgueta Raul , Marks Ellen , Nowak Elizabeth , Menezes Shinelle , Benson Micah , Raman Vanitha S. , Ortiz Carla , O’Connell Samuel , Hess Henry , Lord Graham M. , Noelle Randolph
Published: December 2014

Chemokine-dependent localization of specific B cell subsets within the immune microarchitecture is essential to ensure successful cognate interactions. Although cognate interactions between T cells and memory B cells (Bmem) are essential for the secondary humoral immune responses, the chemokine response patterns of Bmem cells are largely unknown. In contrast to naive B cells, this study shows that Ag-specific Bmem cells have heightened expression of CCR6 and a selective chemotactic response to the CCR6 ligand, CCL20. Although CCR6 appears be nonessential for the initial clonal expansion and maintenance of Bmem, CCR6 is essential for the ability of Bmem to respond to a recall response to their cognate Ag. This dependency was deemed intrinsic by studies in CCR6-deficient mice and in bone marrow chimeric mice where CCR6 deficiency was limited to the B cell lineage. Finally, the mis-positioning of CCR6-deficient Bmem was revealed by immunohistological analysis with an altered distribution of CCR6-deficient Bmem from the marginal and perifollicular to the follicular/germinal center area.
The Effects of Cytokines on Spontaneous Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroconversion in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Wu Jia-Feng , Hsu Hong-Yuan , Chiu Yu-Chun , Chen Huey-Ling , Ni Yen-Hsuan , Chang Mei-Hwei
Published: December 2014

We examined the role of human cytokines in the natural course of hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The clinical course of spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion was assessed in 296 chronically HBV-infected patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12β, IL-13, IL-27, and IFN-γ genes were examined in 296 chronically HBV-infected patients and another 193 HBV recoverers. The HBsAg a determinant sequence of chronically HBV-infected subjects with and without HBsAg seroconversion was also analyzed. The start of the immune-clearance phase (serum alanine aminotransferase levels > 30 IU/l) before the age of 48 mo and hepatitis B e Ag (HBeAg) seroconversion before the age of 10 y predicted spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion in chronically HBV-infected patients (odds ratios 17.7 and 5.0; p < 0.001 and p < 0.002, respectively). The A-allele of IL-10 SNP rs1800872 was associated with higher IL-10 serum levels, and the G-allele of IL-12β SNP rs3212217 was associated with sustained high serum IL-12p70 levels during the immune-clearance phase. Both were predictors of spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion and HBV recovery (odds ratios 4.0 and 26.3; p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion was not related to sex, HBV genotype, or HBsAg a determinant mutation. The start of immune-clearance phase, age at HBeAg seroconversion, and serum IL-10 and IL-12 levels are associated with the course of the immune-clearance phase in chronic HBV infection, and are predictive of spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion and HBV recovery.
A Single Amino Acid Change in Inhibitory Killer Cell Ig-like Receptor Results in Constitutive Receptor Self-Association and Phosphorylation
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Sarkar Pabak , Sim Malcolm J. W. , Rajagopalan Sumati , Vogel Steven S. , Long Eric O.
Published: December 2014

Signaling by immunoreceptors is often initiated by phosphorylation of cytosolic tyrosines, which then recruit effector molecules. In the case of MHC class I–specific inhibitory receptors, phosphorylation of cytosolic tyrosine residues within ITIMs results in recruitment of a protein tyrosine phosphatase that blocks activation signals. Recent work showed that signaling by an HLA-C–specific killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) is independent of signaling by activation receptors. It is not known how ITIM phosphorylation is initiated and regulated. In this article, we show that substitution of His-36 in the first Ig domain of KIR2DL1 with alanine (KIR2DL1-H36A) resulted in constitutive KIR2DL1 self-association and phosphorylation, as well as recruitment of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Furthermore, substitution of His-36 with a similar bulky amino acid, phenylalanine, maintained the receptor in its unphosphorylated state, suggesting that steric hindrance by the His-36 side chain prevents constitutive KIR2DL1 self-association and ITIM phosphorylation. The equally strong phosphorylation of KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL1-H36A after inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase by pervanadate suggested that KIR2DL1-H36A is selectively protected from dephosphorylation. We propose that KIR phosphorylation is controlled by the accessibility of ITIM to tyrosine phosphatases and that KIR binding to HLA-C must override the hindrance that His-36 puts on KIR2DL1 self-association. Expression of KIR2DL1-H36A on NK cells led to stronger inhibition of lysis of HLA-C+ target cells than did expression of wild-type KIR2DL1. These results revealed that ITIM phosphorylation is controlled by self-association of KIR and that His-36 serves as a gatekeeper to prevent unregulated signaling through KIR2DL1.
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Polyposis and Asthma
Authors: Sonkhya Nishi , Sharma Kalpana
Published: December 2014

There has been an increasing awareness of the inter-relationship between inflammatory disease of the upper and lower airway. Both epidemiological and physiological data suggest that the respiratory tract, from the middle ear mucosa, through the nose and sinuses, and into the pulmonary tree behave as an integerated unit. Recent progress in understanding the biology of airway disease has identified that systemic inflammatory responses play a critical and integerating role in these diseases. The role of sinus surgery in the management of asthma patients has been a matter of debate for many years. We are presenting a well-designed prospective, controlled study in 50 patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis who were submitted to either functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) or medical therapy.

How to cite this article

Sonkhya N, Sharma K. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Polyposis and Asthma. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):52-57.
Understanding Nasal Bone Fractures and Its Effects on Management: A Prospective Study
Authors: Sarma Nayanjyoti , Bhattacharjee Abhinandan
Published: December 2014

Objective

To evaluate mode of injury and different management options reliant on types of nasal bone fractures.

Study design

Prospective analytical study.

Subjects and methods

Seventy-five patients with nasal bone fractured were clinically and radiologically evaluated and divided into different types according to Lee's classification. They were provided conservative, closed reduction and/or osteotomy according to the type of fracture and outcome noted.

Results

Lee's classification is found to be valid in real patient scenarios and using good radiological evaluation better post operative outcome can be achieved. For type 1 and 3 fractures, closed reduction and osteotomy are the treatment of choice.

Conclusion

We confirm that systematic approach on Lee's classification for nasal bone fracture can be used to select appropriate management strategy.

How to cite this article

Sarma N, Bhattacharjee A. Understanding Nasal Bone Fractures and Its Effects on Management: A Prospective Study. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):58-60.
To Compare the Results of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with and without Microdebrider in Patients of Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Singla Poonam , Gulati Ankit , Singh Surender , Malik Priya
Published: December 2014

Objective

To compare the results in patients of nasal polyposis undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery with or without the use of microdebrider.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted on 40 patients of either sex in age group 15 to 60 years with nasal polyposis. They were divided into two groups (20 each), in group A microdebrider was used and in group B it was not used. Symptom scoring of each patient was done on the basis of nasal blockage, headache, olfactory disturbance, nasal discharge and trigeminal pressure pain. Similar scoring was followed for diagnostic endoscopy in which the scoring was done on the basis of extent of polyps, edema of middle turbinate and secretions in middle meatus. Both the left and right sides were examined and scored separately.

Results

The symptom and endoscopy scores were significantly higher (p < 0.02 and < 0.0001 respectively) in group B post-operatively on 14th day and after 3 months as compared to group A.

Conclusion

Microdebrider assisted endoscopic sinus surgery gives better results.

How to cite this article

Kakkar V, Sharma C, Singla P, Gulati A, Singh S, Malik P. To Compare the Results of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with and without Microdebrider in Patients of Nasal Polyposis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):61-63.
Sinonasal Mucormycosis with Fungal Ball: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bal Amanjit , Gupta Bhumika , Gupta Rijuneeta
Published: December 2014

Invasive mycotic infections can be effectively treated if rapid identification of fungus is obtained. We reported a case of coinfection by Aspergillus and Rhizopus sp. involving nose, paranasal sinuses and orbit in a 51 years old male patient diagnosed as diabetic on admission. He presented to ENT OPD with history of drooping of right upper eyelid, decreased vision right eye and deviation of angle of mouth to left side for 12 days. NCCT nose, PNS and orbit showed soft tissue density in right maxillary sinus, ethmoids and destruction of right inferior turbinate. MRI of nose, PNS and orbit revealed hypointense density in right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses on T1-weighted images and on T2-weighted; it was hyperintense. Patient underwent endoscopic debridement under general anesthesia and tissue was sent for microbiological and histopathological examination which confirmed presence of Aspergillus and Rhizopus. Patient responded to therapy with IV amphotericin B and surgical debridement. On discharge patient's condition was good.

How to cite this article

Gupta R, Gupta B, Bal A, Gupta AK. Sinonasal Mucormycosis with Fungal Ball: A Rare Case Report. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):64-66.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of Nasal Cavity: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Joshi Sushant , Bhuie HS , Mathur Navneet
Published: December 2014

Pleomorphic adenomas are most common benign tumor of the major salivary gland, mainly found in parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenomas may also occur in the minor salivary glands of the hard and soft palate. Few cases are also diagnosed in various parts of pharynx and larynx. Intranasal pleomorphic adenomas can arise either from septum or lateral nasal wall. They are very rare entity and occasionally misdiagnosed due to their atypical histopathology. We present a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma diagnosed in middle-aged female originating from lateral wall of right nasal cavity.

How to cite this article

Joshi S, Bhuie HS, Mathur N, Verma H. Pleomorphic Adenoma of Nasal Cavity: A Rare Case Report. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):67-69.
Analysis of Simple Nasal Bone Fracture and Interpreting Results of Closed Reduction under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Yousuf Aamir , Pampori Rafiq Ahmad , Beigh Zafarullah
Published: December 2014

Objective

To analyze the age, gender and the most frequent causes of nasal fractures evaluated in the otorhinolaryngology service of a tertiary hospital and interpreting the result of closed reduction of nasal bone fracture under local anesthesia and need for revision surgery.

Study design

Prospective case study.

Materials and methods

The prospective analysis of 60 patients diagnosed as simple nasal bone fracture over a period of 6 months (between Jan 1st 2011 and July 1st 2011) who presented in department of ENT and HNS at Government Medical College, Srinagar. All the patient underwent closed fracture reduction under local anesthesia after proper assess ment and documentation. The patients were analyzed in groups and followed up to period of 6 months.

Results

Total of 60 patients (group A) with nasal bones fracture were included in the study, including 48 men and 12 women. The most common age was between 25 and 65 years. Violence was the most frequent cause seen (48%), followed by traffic accidents (35%), 12% of cases were due to sports injury other causes about 5% (fall from their own height and work related injury). After performing closed reduction under local anesthesia, the immediate results were analyzed using linear analog scale. The followup period ranged from 1 week to 6 months. The functional and esthetic outcome of procedure were seen in followup period. Patients in group A1 (80%) were pleased with their results and did not require a secondary surgery 20%. Patients developed a posttraumatic nasal deformity requiring a posttraumatic septorhinoplasty (group A2).

How to cite this article

Yousuf A, Pampori RA, Beigh Z. Analysis of Simple Nasal Bone Fracture and Interpreting Results of Closed Reduction under Local Anesthesia. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):7072.
Use of Temporalis Myofascial Flap in Maxillary Reconstruction
Authors: Nayak Choubarga , Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: December 2014

Maxillary ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm. Excision should involve wide margins because of its high recurrence rate and ideally be followed by reconstruction. A 23 year-old female patient presented with recurrent ameloblastoma. One year previously, she had undergone a curettage excision. The recurrent lesion was managed by a total maxillectomy preserving the inferior orbital rim. Simultaneous reconstruction was performed with an temporalis myofascial flap for obliteration of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavities. Reconstruction of mid facial defects after tumor resection or trauma has evolved from skin graft to pedicled flaps and more recently, to free tissue transfer. Each of these reconstructive modalities has its specific indications, advantages and drawbacks. Temporalis muscle is one of the regional flaps that can be used to reconstruct midfacial defects. The muscle is available close to the surgical field and has a constant vascular supply. However, the flap has a limited arc of rotation and most of the muscle bulk is used in the pedicle. Therefore, various modifications of the surgical procedure were attempted in order to increase the arc of rotation of the flap. The temporalis muscle flap can provide a reliable, one-stage reconstructive alternative for more complicated surgical procedures for moderate-sized midfacial defects. Dimensions and arc of rotation of the flap may be increased by using temporalis muscle and deep temporal fascia as a myofascial unit.

How to cite this article

Nayak C, Swain SK. Use of Temporalis Myofascial Flap in Maxillary Reconstruction. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):73-75.
Proboscis Lateralis: A Rare Case
Authors: Gulati Ankit , Malik Priya , Ghanghas B
Published: December 2014

Proboscis lateralis (PL) is a rare congenital anomaly with a characteristic appearance. We present such a case in 5-year-old child which was managed by excision. Complete surgical excision at the base of the proboscis is desirable as a primary procedure if there is adequate ipsilateral nasal development or as a delayed excision if the proboscis is to be used in nasal reconstruction. Definitive cosmetic reconstruction with bone or cartilage should be planned at a later age keeping in mind the possibility of further growth and development of the nasal complex, however no such reconstruction was done in the present case as there was no gross asymmetry.

How to cite this article

Kakkar V, Sharma C, Malik P, Ghanghas B, Bishnoi S, Gulati A. Proboscis Lateralis: A Rare Case. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):83-86.
Sinonasal Paraganglioma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Wadhwa Neelam , Singh PP , Arora Vipin , Verma Pankaj , Bhatia Khyati
Published: December 2014

A rare case of sinonasal paraganglioma is described. A 40-year-old female patient presented with 2 years history of unilateral nasal obstruction and bleeding. CT scan demonstrated an expansile enhancing mass involving bilateral ethmoids, right nasal cavity and right maxillary sinus. Histopathological diagnosis was neuroendocrine tumor with possibility of paraganglioma. A subtotal maxillectomy with excision of mass performed. Primary nonchromaffin paraganglioma of nose and paranasal sinus is a very rare tumor, these lesion pose diagnostic challenge to clinicians and pathologist. Only twenty five cases are reported in review of literature. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.

How to cite this article

Arora V, Verma P, Singh PP, Wadhwa N, Bhatia K. Sinonasal Paraganglioma: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):87-89.
Comparison of Calcium Sulfate and Bovine Collagen Barriers for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation
Authors: Spears Robert , Al-Hashimi Ibtisam , Solomon Eric S , Kerns David G , Hallmon William W , Kessler Harvey P , Heaton Matthew L
Published: December 2014

Calcium sulfate is a biologically compatible osteoconductive graft material that binds underlying bone graft and provide space maintenance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate calcium sulfate as a barrier compared to a collagen membrane for augmentation of a standardized surgically created ridge defect. For this purpose, bilateral extraction of mandibular premolars was performed on six foxhounds (Canis familiaris). Eight weeks later, a standardized osseous ridge defects (24 total) were created using a 6 mm trephine. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Baylor College of Dentistry. The osseous defects were allocated into three groups (8 defects each): group 1 received autogenous bone graft covered with collagen membrane (CM); group 2 received autogenous bone graft covered with calcium sulfate barrier (CS), and group 3 was used as control and did not receive bone augmentation and was used as control. The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks following bone augmentation and sites were evaluated histologically for total ridge width, percentage of bone gain and cortical bone thickness.

Results

All sites exhibited bony fill within the defect. Analysis of variance did not reveal statistically significant difference in the mean total bone gain among CM, CS, and control groups (12.2,11.6, and 11.9) mm2, respectively, p = 0.875.

Conclusion

Calcium sulfate does not appear to improve bone regeneration in an osseous defect.

How to cite this article

Heaton ML, Kerns DG, Hallmon WW, Kessler HP, Spears R, Solomon ES, Al-Hashimi I. Comparison of Calcium Sulfate and Bovine Collagen Barriers for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):129-138.
New Structural Design of a Compliant Gripper Based on the Scott-Russell Mechanism
Authors: Ai Wenji , Xu Qingsong
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the structural design and analysis of a novel compliant gripper based on the Scott-Russell (SR) mechanism. The SR mechanism in combination with a parallelogram mechanism enables the achievement of a pure translation of the gripper tips, which is attractive for practical micromanipulation and microassembly applications. Unlike traditional pure-translation grippers, the reported SR-based gripper exhibits a simple structure as well as compact dimension because the in-plane space is fully used. The kinematics, statics and dynamics models of the gripper mechanism are established, and finite element analysis (FEA) simulations are carried out to verify the structure design. A prototype has been developed for experimental testing. The results not only demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed SR-based gripper design but also reveal a promising performance of the gripper when driven by piezoelectric stack actuators. Moreover, several variations of the gripper structure are presented as well.
A Robust and Efficient Algorithm for Tool Recognition and Localization for Space Station Robot
Authors: Cheng Lingbo , Jiang Zhihong , Li Hui , Huang Qiang
Published: December 2014

This paper studies a robust target recognition and localization method for a maintenance robot in a space station, and its main goal is to solve the target affine transformation caused by microgravity and the strong reflection and refraction of sunlight and lamplight in the cabin, as well as the occlusion of other objects. In this method, an Affine Scale Invariant Feature Transform (Affine-SIFT) algorithm is proposed to extract enough local feature points with a fully affine invariant, and the stable matching point is obtained from the above point for target recognition by the selected Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. Then, in order to localize the target, the effective and appropriate 3D grasping scope of the target is defined, and we determine and evaluate the grasping precision with the estimated affine transformation parameters presented in this paper. Finally, the threshold of RANSAC is optimized to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of target recognition and localization, and the scopes of illumination, vision distance and viewpoint angle for robot are evaluated to obtain effective image data by Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE). An experimental system to simulate the illumination environment in a space station is established. Enough experiments have been carried out, and the experimental results show both the validity of the proposed definition of the grasping scope and the feasibility of the proposed recognition and localization method.
Emerging Strategies and Applications of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly
Authors: Rawtani Deepak , Agrawal Yadvendra K.
Published: December 2014

Layer-by-layer self-assembly is an approach to develop an ultrathin film on solid support by alternate exposure to positive and negative species with spontaneous deposition of the oppositely charged ions. This paper summarizes various approaches used for fabrication of layer-by-layer self-assembly as well as their utility to produce various devices. The layer-by-layer technique is basically used for formation of multilayer films. A variety of nanomaterials use it for the modification of films to enhance their resultant durability as well as strength. Studies have shown that many different types of materials can be used for fabrication of multilayers. Recently the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique has also been used for fabrication of gas sensors, hydrogen sensors and solar-based cells. Various methods, such as spin deposition, calcinations, and dry-transfer printing are being used for fabrication of thin films. In this review, the author summarizes the various interesting properties as well as fabrication strategies of layer-by-layer self-assembly.
Using Wikis to Carry Out Project-Based Learning
Authors: Williams Simon
Published: December 2014

As technology becomes ever more prevalent in the modern classroom, teachers are looking at ways to utilise it for the benefit of their students’ learning. One such tech-tool is the Wiki. Although they are not the most common feature in education, their uses are numerous. This paper will discuss wikis as a tool to carry out, monitor and assess projectbased learning.
Students’ Perspectives on the Use of Peer Feedback in an English as a Second Language Writing Class
Authors: Sukumaran Kavitha , Dass Rozita
Published: December 2014

Peer assessment and peer feedback are considered alternatives to teacher-based feedback and their effects on writing have been substantially researched. This study aims to examine the perspectives of a group of university students, who are mainly second language learners, on peer feedback in an English writing class. Many of the studies conducted on the perspectives of students regarding peer feedback provided conflicting findings. While some found that peer feedback was viewed with doubt and encouraged little revision, others found it helped learners to recognise their strengths and flaws in writing. This study aims to better understand students’ perspectives regarding peer feedback and to identify the concerns raised by students involved in the study. The findings from this study revealed that the participants of the study had a positive perspective on the use of peer feedback and on the use of an online peer feedback tool. The study also showed that past experience did not contribute towards a negative perspective of peer feedback among the participants. The findings from this study are useful for future research in designing a better peer feedback process and improve its implementation.
Values Education and the Malaysia Education Blueprint
Authors: Aroff Abdul Rahman bin Md
Published: December 2014

In several parts of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013 – 2035, one can find several statements that rightly give importance to values education related to the spiritual and moral development of students in Malaysian schools. These statements can be identified in the aspirations of the blueprint towards the education system and also towards the students as well as in one of the 11 main shifts underlined by the authors of the blueprint to transform the national education system. While some of the action plans and initiatives recommended in the blueprint come across as efforts to strengthen values education in Malaysian schools, other initiatives could raise concerns. First, these initiatives are somewhat not substantive and secondly, some of them are perhaps questionable, both in theory and in practice. Hence, this paper aims to point out these concerns to those who have interest in values education and concurrently offer suggestions for consideration regarding other related matters. A general aim of the blueprint is to produce Malaysian citizens who internalise values and specifically, to strengthen values education thus ensuring the spiritual and moral development of Malaysian students. Indeed, there is no shortage of ideas concerning ways to promote students’ maturity in values and this network of ideas and measures entails placing the responsibility for values education not just on one group (the values education teachers) or programme (the Islamic Education and Moral Education subjects), but on all school heads and teachers as well as adults at home and in the community outside the school.
Examining Taylor’s Center for Languages IEN Students’ Perspectives on the Usefulness of Corrective Feedback in Writing Class
Authors: Lim Clarence , Dass Rozita
Published: December 2014

Ever since Truscott (1996) commented on the use of written corrective feedback (CF), there has been a growing interest in this field of study. Unfortunately, despite the number of researches done in this field, most of them has only focused on the pedagogical and fundamental aspects. Very few researches looked at students’ perception of written CF. This paper investigates the perspectives of Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus Intensive English Program (IEN) students on Corrective Feedback in their writing class. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach and used T-test to test the hypotheses. The results of this study shed light on the impact of CF in second language acquisition (SLA).
Steady‐State Kinetic Analysis of DNA Polymerase Single‐Nucleotide Incorporation Products
Authors: O'Flaherty Derek K. , Guengerich F. Peter
Published: December 2014

This unit describes the experimental procedures for the steady‐state kinetic analysis of DNA synthesis across DNA nucleotides (native or modified) by DNA polymerases. In vitro primer extension experiments with a single nucleoside triphosphate species followed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the extended products is described. Data analysis procedures and fitting to steady‐state kinetic models is presented to highlight the kinetic differences involved in the bypass of damaged versus undamaged DNA. Moreover, explanations concerning problems encountered in these experiments are addressed. This approach provides useful quantitative parameters for the processing of damaged DNA by DNA polymerases. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Olefin Cross‐Metathesis for the Synthesis of Alkenyl Acyclonucleoside Phosphonates
Authors: Bessières Maxime , De Schutter Coralie , Roy Vincent , Agofoglio Luigi A.
Published: December 2014

The detailed synthetic protocol for the straightforward, efficient synthesis of various alkenyl acyclonucleosides, including challenging trisubstituted alkenyl acyclonucleoside phosphonates, is described. The key step of those syntheses is an olefin cross‐metathesis reaction between two olefins selected based on their reactivity using well‐defined ruthenium alkylidene catalysts. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Practical Synthesis of 4′‐Thioribonucleosides Starting from D‐Ribose
Authors: Minakawa Noriaki , Matsuda Akira
Published: December 2014

A practical synthesis of 4′‐thioribonucleosides, i.e., 4′‐thiouridine, ‐cytidine, ‐adenosine, and ‐guanosine, which are versatile units for nucleic acids–based therapeutics, is described. Large‐scale synthesis of 4‐thiosugar starting from D‐ribose was achieved (33%) in eight steps and with only three chromatographic purifications. After the appropriate chemical conversion of the 4‐thiosugar, the resulting sulfoxide was subjected to the Pummerer reaction in the presence of silylated nucleobases. In reactions with silylated pyrimidine bases, the desired 4′‐thioribonucleoside derivatives were obtained in good yield and β‐selectively. On the other hand, N‐7 isomers were obtained mainly in the Pummerer reaction with purine bases under the same conditions. However, the desired N‐9 isomers were obtained in moderate yields when the reaction mixtures were subsequently heated under reflux. As a result, effective synthesis of 4′‐thioribonucleosides was accomplished. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Opposite hemispheric asymmetries during the ionospheric storm of 29–31 August 2004
Authors: Astafyeva Elvira , Zakharenkova Irina , Doornbos Eelco
Published: December 2014

By making use of multiple ground‐based and spaceborne instruments, we study ionospheric and thermospheric behavior during the moderately intense geomagnetic storm of 29–31 August 2004 (minimum Dst excursion of −128 nT). Although this storm was far from the strongest in solar cycle 23, it provoked quite interesting effects in the ionosphere, such as opposite hemispheric asymmetries in the ionospheric F layer and in the topside ionosphere and a development of the ionospheric superfountain effect in the postsunset sector. Data from ground‐based GPS receivers and ionosondes revealed large increase in total electron content (TEC) and in NmF2 in the southern hemisphere, whereas in the northern hemisphere, very weak or no effect was observed. On the contrary, the topside measurements indicated the occurrence of a positive storm in the northern hemisphere. Overall, the strongest storm time disturbances were observed in the postsunset sector (~20:30–21:30 LT), where satellite radar altimeters TOPEX and Jason 1, along with the CHAMP satellite showed ~250–400% TEC increase in the middle‐ and low‐latitude regions. The signatures of the ionospheric plasma enhancement were seen up to the height of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites (~840 km). As for the thermospheric storm, data of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission revealed no asymmetry in neutral density data in the evening sector (~17 UT); however, very strong hemispheric asymmetry was observed in the postsunset sector by CHAMP (~21 UT). Overall, neutral density increase in the postsunset sector was found to be much stronger than in the evening sector.
The effects of sediment transport, weathering, and aeolian mechanisms on soil evolution
Authors: Cohen Sagy , Willgoose Garry , Svoray Tal , Hancock Greg , Sela Shai
Published: December 2014

Aeolian‐derived soils are found throughout the world. Soil evolution processes in aeolian‐dominated landscapes differ from processes in bedrock‐weathering landscapes by a number of key aspects including the lack of (1) soil production depth dependency, (2) surface armoring, and (3) grain size self‐organization in the soil profile. We use here a soil evolution model (mARM5D) to study the differences between aeolian and bedrock‐weathering‐dominated landscapes by analyzing soil evolution on a hillslope under various aeolian and bedrock‐soil supply settings subject to fluvial and diffusive sediment transport. The model simulates spatial and temporal variation in soil particle size distribution (PSD) and profile depth for each grid cell on the landscape, as a function of physical weathering, aeolian deposition, and diffusive and fluvial sediment transport. Our results indicate that surface armoring plays a major role in soil evolution. Under bedrock‐weathering‐dominated conditions, armoring reduces soil erosion and in conjunction with depth‐dependent soil production, leads to steady state soil grading and depth and a relatively uniform soil distribution. In contrast, aeolian‐dominated landscapes tend to have considerable spatial variability in soil depth and PSD. Our results also indicate that in contrast with diffusive transport, which is assumed to be PSD independent, fluvial sediment transport is strongly influenced by the soil production mechanism (aeolian or bedrock weathering). Based on the results presented here, we propose that aeolian‐dominated landscapes are more responsive to environmental changes (e.g., climatic and anthropogenic) compared with bedrock‐weathering landscapes. We further propose that this sensitivity may help explain the patchy soil distribution that is often observed in aeolian‐dominated regions.