bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When a rise is not only a rise: An acoustic analysis of the impressionistic distinction between northern and central Taiwan Mandarin using Tone 1 as an example
Authors: Fon Janice , Chuang Yu-Ying
Published: January 2025

This study looked at the realization of the high-level Tone 1 in Taiwan Mandarin to examine a public impression of the central dialect, which is said to have a tendency to end with a rise. Fifty-three Mandarin native speakers (27 northern and 26 central) were recruited. Half performed a reading task and half a word-guessing task on 24 disyllabic words with Tone 1 embedded. Results showed rising realizations were the most prominent for the tone, regardless of dialect, gender, genre, and syllable position, but were more prevalent among females than males, and more common and enlarged in the final than the non-final position. Dialectal differences were twofold and mainly lay in the acoustic realization. Central speakers showed both a lower pitch register and a steeper declination than their northern counterparts, and central females also demonstrated an upstep in the final position of the word-guessing task, which completely annihilated the effect of the downtrend. This implies the impressionistic tendency to end high indeed exists in the Tone 1 of the central variety, but its percept is not based on rising realizations alone. Instead, it stands out as a dialectal feature via an enlargement of the rise in the foreground against a disruption of the downward trend in the background. The female lead in the realization suggests the rising Tone 1 does not come with a negative connotation. Perceptual tolerance for the variant likely stemmed from a long-standing free variation between high-level and high-rise for the tone.
Banking concentration and its determinants at the regional level during the Spanish developmentalism
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Pedro , Santos Juan Luis
Published: January 2025

In 1962, Spain implemented significant banking law changes to boost competition. This study investigates their impact on provincial banking concentration from 1964 to 1975, utilising novel provincial-level private bank balance sheet data and including savings banks. Results show a substantial decline in concentration across most provinces. Panel data models identify the determinants of banking concentration: larger populations and higher gross domestic product per capita correlate with lower concentration, while agrarian-focused provinces exhibit higher concentration. The provincial financial sector's structure also matters, with a higher number of branches and headquarters per capita associated with reduced banking concentration. These findings refine existing literature and provide new insights into the intricate relationship between banking concentration and regional economies in Spain.
Wearable gesture control design for unmanned aerial vehicle based on multi-sensor fusion
Authors: Liu Guang , Liu Yang , Fan Shurui , Cui Weijia , Xia Kewen , Wang Li
Published: January 2025

Traditional bulky and complex control devices such as remote control and ground station cannot meet the requirement of fast and flexible control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in complex environments. Therefore, a data glove based on multi-sensor fusion is designed in this paper. In order to achieve the goal of gesture control of UAVs, the method can accurately recognize various gestures and convert them into corresponding UAV control commands. First, the wireless data glove fuses flexible fiber optic sensors and inertial sensors to construct a gesture dataset. Then, the trained neural network model is deployed to the STM32 microcontroller-based data glove for real-time gesture recognition, in which the convolutional neural network-Attention mechanism (CNN-Attention) network is used for static gesture recognition, and the convolutional neural network-bidirectional long and short-term memory (CNN-Bi-LSTM) network is used for dynamic gesture recognition. Finally, the gestures are converted into control commands and sent to the vehicle terminal to control the UAV. Through the UAV simulation test on the simulation platform, the average recognition accuracy of 32 static gestures reaches 99.7%, and the average recognition accuracy of 13 dynamic gestures reaches 99.9%, which indicates that the system’s gesture recognition effect is perfect. The task test in the scene constructed in the real environment shows that the UAV can respond to the gestures quickly, and the method proposed in this paper can realize the real-time stable control of the UAV on the terminal side.
Physics‐Informed Estimation of Tidal and Subtidal Flow Fields From ADCP Repeat Transect Data
Authors: Jongbloed H. , Vermeulen B. , Hoitink A. J. F.
Published: January 2025

Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are a global standard in observing flow fields in rivers, estuaries and the coastal ocean. To date, it remains a labor intensive challenge to isolate mean flow fields governed by river discharge, tides and atmospheric forcing on the one hand, from small‐scale turbulence, positioning imprecision, Doppler noise and erroneous backscatter, on the other hand. Here, we introduce a generic, new method of combining raw shipborne ADCP transect data with continuity and smoothness constraints to obtain better estimates of turbulence‐averaged three‐dimensional flow velocities in any type of open water body. The physical constraints are enforced with variable relative importance via generalized Tikhonov regularization. We demonstrate that in complex estuarine flow, this procedure allows for more reliable estimates of tidal amplitudes, phases and their gradients than what is possible with a purely data‐based approach, by testing the method's generalization capabilities and robustness to turbulence and measurement noise on a data set retrieved at a tidal channel junction. The increased adherence to mass conservation and robustness to noise of various kinds allows for more reliable and verifiable estimates of Reynolds‐averaged flow components, and subsequently, of terms in the Navier‐Stokes equations.
FGFR antagonists restore defective mandibular bone repair in a mouse model of osteochondrodysplasia
Authors: Morice Anne , de La Seiglière Amélie , Kany Alexia , Khonsari Roman H. , Bensidhoum Morad , Puig-Lombardi Maria-Emilia , Legeai Mallet Laurence
Published: January 2025

Gain-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes lead to chondrodysplasia and craniosynostoses. FGFR signaling has a key role in the formation and repair of the craniofacial skeleton. Here, we analyzed the impact of Fgfr2- and Fgfr3-activating mutations on mandibular bone formation and endochondral bone repair after non-stabilized mandibular fractures in mouse models of Crouzon syndrome (Crz) and hypochondroplasia (Hch). Bone mineralization of the calluses was abnormally high in Crz mice and abnormally low in Hch mice. The latter model presented pseudarthrosis and impaired chondrocyte differentiation. Spatial transcriptomic analyses of the Hch callus revealed abnormally low expression of Col11, Col1a, Dmp1 genes in mature chondrocytes. We found that the expression of genes involved in autophagy and apoptosis (Smad1, Comp, Birc2) was significantly perturbed and that the Dusp3, Dusp9, and Socs3 genes controlling the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were overexpressed. Lastly, we found that treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BGJ398, infigratinib) or a C-type natriuretic peptide (BMN111, vosoritide) fully rescued the defective endochondral bone repair observed in Hch mice. Taken as a whole, our findings show that FGFR3 is a critical orchestrator of bone repair and provide a rationale for the development of potential treatments for patients with FGFR3-osteochondrodysplasia.
Clinical studies in Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease dogs: most prescribed ACEI inhibits ACE2 enzyme activity and ARB increases AngII pool in plasma
Authors: Nair Smruti K. , Hersh Elliot V. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Daniell Henry
Published: January 2025

The hypertension patient population has doubled since 1990, affecting 1.3 billion globally and >75% live in low-and middle-income countries. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) are the most prescribed drugs (>160 million times in the US), but mortality increased >30% since 1990s globally. Clinical relevance of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD) is directly linked to WHO group 2 pulmonary hypertension, with no disease specific therapies. Therefore, MMVD pet dogs with elevated systolic blood pressure treated with ACEI/ARB, were supplemented with oral ACE2 enzyme and Angiotensin1-7 (Ang1-7) bioencapsulated in plant cells. The oral ACE2/Ang1-7 was well tolerated by healthy and MMVD dogs with no adverse events and increased sACE2 activity by 670–755% with ARB (Telmisartan) than with ACEI (Enalapril) background therapy. In vitro rhACE2 activity was inhibited >90% by ACEIs enalapril/benazeprilat at higher doses but lisinopril inhibited at much lower doses. Membrane ACE2 activity evaluated in exosomes was 43-fold higher than the sACE2 and this was also inhibited 211% by ACEI, when compared to ARB. Background ACEI treatment reduced the Ang-II pool by 11-20-fold and proportionately decreased the abundance of Ang1-7 + Ang1-5 peptides. In contrast, ARB treatment increased Ang-II pool 11-20-fold and Ang1-7 + Ang1-5 by 160–260%. Systolic blood pressure was regulated by ARB better than ACEI, despite very high Ang-II levels. This first report on evaluation of metabolic pools in the RAS pathway identifies surprising interactions between ACEI/ARB/ACE2 and significant changes in key molecular dynamics. Affordable biologics developed in plant cells may offer potential new treatment options for hypertension.
Neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy in early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Loi Sherene , Salgado Roberto , Curigliano Giuseppe , Romero Díaz Roberto Iván , Delaloge Suzette , Rojas García Carlos Ignacio , Kok Marleen , Saura Cristina , Harbeck Nadia , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Yardley Denise A. , Suárez Zaizar Alberto , Caminos Facundo Rufino , Ungureanu Andrei , Reinoso-Toledo Joaquin G. , Guarneri Valentina , Egle Daniel , Ades Felipe , Pacius Misena , Chhibber Aparna , Chandra Rajalakshmi , Nathani Raheel , Spires Thomas , Wu Jenny Qun , Pusztai Lajos , McArthur Heather
Published: January 2025

Patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) primary breast cancer (BC) have low pathological complete response (pCR) rates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A subset of ER+/HER2− BC contains dense lymphocytic infiltration. We hypothesized that addition of an anti-programmed death 1 agent may increase pCR rates in this BC subtype. We conducted a randomized, multicenter, double-blind phase 3 trial to investigate the benefit of adding nivolumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk, grade 3 or 2 (ER 1 to ≤10%) ER+/HER2− primary BC. In total, 510 patients were randomized to receive anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy with either intravenous nivolumab or placebo. The primary endpoint of pCR was significantly higher in the nivolumab arm compared with placebo (24.5% versus 13.8%; P = 0.0021), with greater benefit observed in patients with programmed death ligand 1-positive tumors (VENTANA SP142 ≥1%: 44.3% versus 20.2% respectively). There were no new safety signals identified. Of the five deaths that occurred in the nivolumab arm, two were related to study drug toxicity; no deaths occurred in the placebo arm. Adding nivolumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly increased pCR rates in high-risk, early-stage ER+/HER2− BC, particularly among patients with higher stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels or programmed death ligand 1 expression, suggesting a new treatment paradigm that emphasizes the role of immunotherapy and T cell immunosurveillance in luminal disease. Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT04109066
Pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in high-risk, early-stage, ER+/HER2− breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Cardoso Fatima , O’Shaughnessy Joyce , Liu Zhenzhen , McArthur Heather , Schmid Peter , Cortes Javier , Harbeck Nadia , Telli Melinda L. , Cescon David W. , Fasching Peter A. , Shao Zhimin , Loirat Delphine , Park Yeon Hee , Fernandez Manuel Gonzalez , Rubovszky Gábor , Spring Laura , Im Seock-Ah , Hui Rina , Takano Toshimi , André Fabrice , Yasojima Hiroyuki , Ding Yu , Jia Liyi , Karantza Vassiliki , Tryfonidis Konstantinos , Bardia Aditya
Published: January 2025

Addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab improved outcomes in patients with high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer. However, whether the addition of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab to chemotherapy would improve outcomes in high-risk, early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER+/HER2−) breast cancer remains unclear. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-756) in which patients with previously untreated ER+/HER2− grade 3 high-risk invasive breast cancer (T1c-2 (≥2 cm), cN1–2 or T3–4, cN0–2) were randomly assigned (1:1) to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W given with paclitaxel QW for 12 weeks, followed by four cycles of doxorubicin or epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide Q2W or Q3W. After surgery (with/without adjuvant radiation therapy), patients received adjuvant pembrolizumab or placebo for nine cycles plus adjuvant endocrine therapy. Dual primary endpoints were pathological complete response and event-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. In total, 635 patients were assigned to the pembrolizumab−chemotherapy arm and 643 to the placebo−chemotherapy arm. At the study’s prespecified first interim analysis, the pathological complete response rate was 24.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 21.0–27.8%) in the pembrolizumab−chemotherapy arm and 15.6% (95% CI, 12.8–18.6%) in the placebo−chemotherapy arm (estimated treatment difference, 8.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 4.2–12.8; P = 0.00005). Event-free survival was not mature in this analysis. During the neoadjuvant phase, treatment-related adverse events of grade ≥3 were reported in 52.5% and 46.4% of patients in the pembrolizumab−chemotherapy and placebo−chemotherapy arms, respectively. In summary, the addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved the pathological complete response rate in patients with high-risk, early-stage ER+/HER2− breast cancer. Safety was consistent with the known profiles of each study treatment. Follow-up continues for event-free survival. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03725059.
Seismic refraction investigation of the shallow bedrock in New Qena City, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Abdelgowad Ahmed M. , El-Haddad Assem E. , Aglan Mohamed I. , Hamed Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The seismic refraction technique has demonstrated its efficiency as a cost-effective geophysical approach for bedrock investigation, which is very important for major construction projects. In the southern part of New Qena City, in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, construction of many domestic facilities is planned. Therefore, a prior investigation focusing on bedrock is required to validate the site for construction and other projects. In this study, a site investigation of the southern part of New Qena City is conducted using the seismic refraction method to estimate the depth and thickness of the bedrock and to present the subsurface structural features affecting the area. Ten seismic refraction profiles were measured, and the data were used for tomographic inversion. The results revealed a four-layered subsurface, with the bedrock represented by the mudstone unit of the Pliocene Durri Formation. This layer is located at a shallow depth and exhibits relatively low velocities as well as lateral velocity variations. This is attributed to the clay content of the layer, the high degree of fracturing, and the lateral facies variation. Therefore, the layer could undergo geotechnical problems that could affect future construction projects in the area. Ten subsurface faults were also detected in the velocity sections.
Interactive and unimodal relationships between plant biomass, abiotic factors, and plant diversity in global grasslands
Authors: Spohn Marie , Bagchi Sumanta , Bakker Jonathan D. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Carbutt Clinton , Catford Jane A. , Dickman Christopher R. , Eisenhauer Nico , Eskelinen Anu , Hagenah Nicole , Hautier Yann , Koerner Sally E. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Laanisto Lauri , Lekberg Ylva , Martina Jason P. , Martinson Holly , Pärtel Meelis , Peri Pablo L. , Risch Anita C. , Smith Nicholas G. , Stevens Carly , Veen G. F. Ciska , Virtanen Risto , Yahdjian Laura , Young Alyssa L. , Young Hillary S. , Seabloom Eric W.
Published: January 2025

Grasslands cover approximately a third of the Earth’s land surface and account for about a third of terrestrial carbon storage. Yet, we lack strong predictive models of grassland plant biomass, the primary source of carbon in grasslands. This lack of predictive ability may arise from the assumption of linear relationships between plant biomass and the environment and an underestimation of interactions of environmental variables. Using data from 116 grasslands on six continents, we show unimodal relationships between plant biomass and ecosystem characteristics, such as mean annual precipitation and soil nitrogen. Further, we found that soil nitrogen and plant diversity interacted in their relationships with plant biomass, such that plant diversity and biomass were positively related at low levels of nitrogen and negatively at elevated levels of nitrogen. Our results show that it is critical to account for the interactive and unimodal relationships between plant biomass and several environmental variables to accurately include plant biomass in global vegetation and carbon models.
Germanate Glasses and Melts
Authors: Shelby James E
Published: January 2025

This book provides a comprehensive review of the properties, structure, and applications of germanate glasses and melts. These glasses are of great interest to basic glass scientists due to their unusual trends in many properties, commonly known as the “germanate anomaly”, and their ability to combine with other glass forming oxides such as SiO2 and B2O3, resulting in glasses with unique properties.

This book also provides an overview of the current and potential applications of germanate glasses which range from the use of GeO2 as a dopant in telecommunication fibers to future uses in non-optical applications such as radiation shielding and specialized hermetic glass-to-metal seals.

Authored by an expert on the formation and properties of glasses, this is an excellent companion for academics and postgraduates, while the application focus will appeal to those working in industry.
Merging halogen atom transfer, ring-expansion and oxidation by electron-rich arenediazonium salts: modular assembly of cyclohexenone derivatives
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Teng Xiaowen , Zhang Duo , Tan Wei , Xu Bingxin , Wang Shuli , Li Xiang , Gao Pan , Chen Feng
Published: January 2025

A novel, mild method for synthesizing cyclohexenone derivatives from α-iodomethyl β-keto esters using electron-rich arenediazonium salts is presented, which eliminates the need for transition metals or photoirradiation, as previously reported.
Surfactant-free co-solvent exfoliation strategy for semiconducting quasi-1D Nb2Pd3Se8 nanowires
Authors: Choi Kyung Hwan , Kim Yeongjin , Kang Jinsu , In Kim Kyung , Park Jeong Su , Oh Hyung-Suk , Yu Hak Ki , Choi Jae-Young
Published: January 2025

Co-solvent exfoliation of quasi-1D van der Waals Nb2Pd3Se8 using ethanol–water and isopropanol–water mixtures as a substitute to the conventional, toxic, high-boiling point NMP solvent.
Radical Brook rearrangement: past, present, and future
Authors: Zhang Yunxiao , Zhou Gang , Liu Shanshan , Shen Xiao
Published: January 2025

This review aims to provide an overview of radical Brook rearrangement, which is organized by grouping three type of reactive species generated via the unique rearrangement process.
Comment on “Boosting the solar water oxidation performance of a BiVO4 photoanode by crystallographic orientation control” by H. S. Han, S. Shin, D. H. Kim, I. J. Park, J. S. Kim, P. Huang, J. Lee, I. S. Cho and X. Zheng, Energy Environ. Sci., 2018, 11, 1299
Authors: Lu Chaojing , Wang Xinyu
Published: January 2025

The presence of scarce (101)-oriented F:SnO2 grains in the fluorine-doped SnO2 layer with a slight (100) texture seems insufficient to drive predominantly (001)-oriented growth of a BiVO4 photoanode through the alleged microscale epitaxy.
Multi-omics analysis reveals the anti-fatigue mechanism of BCAA-enriched egg white peptides: the role of the gut–muscle axis
Authors: Li Shengrao , Liu Jingbo , Yang Qi , Lyu Siwen , Han Qingwen , Fu Menghan , Du Zhiyang , Liu Xuanting , Zhang Ting
Published: January 2025

Bioactive peptides rich in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) alleviate fatigue in mice via the gut-muscle axis.
Enhanced delivery of polymer beads into cells through arrayed metal nanotubes by Soret effect
Authors: Oyama Kazuhiro , Liu Bingfu , Méhes Gábor , Miyake Takeo
Published: January 2025

Intracellular delivery is crucial for drug delivery, genetic manipulation, and regenerative medicine. Traditional methods such as electroporation face are limited by low efficiency and high cell toxicity caused by lipid...
Decoupling the role of lignin, cellulose/hemi-cellulose, and ash on ZnCl2-activated carbon pore structure
Authors: Wu Chengjun , Tindall Graham W. , Fitzgerald Carter L. , Thies Mark C. , Roberts Mark E.
Published: January 2025

Controlling biomass sugar and lignin composition enables the development of a clear correlation between composition and activate carbon pore structure.
Structure–activity relationships in the development of single atom catalysts for sustainable organic transformations
Authors: Roy Deepshikha , Deori Kalyanjyoti
Published: January 2025

Exploration of single atom catalysts for unmatched efficiency and selectivity in organic transformations through morphological control and metal–support interactions.
Improving the aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of triclosan using re-dispersible emulsion powder stabilized with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Nair Arathy J. , Pissuwan Dakrong
Published: January 2025

An increase in the aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of triclosan using a re-dispersible emulsion powder stabilized with gold nanoparticles (GNPs).
An experimental and DFT study of the reaction between dichloroethylene carbonate and triethylamine in dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Teng Junfeng , Wang Lili , Zong Fang , Sun Xiaoyan , Xiang Shuguang
Published: January 2025

DFT calculations revealed a chain propagation pathway for HCl elimination from chlorovinyl chloride, initiated by triethylamine and propagated by a reactive intermediate generated in the preceding step.
Enhancing propane dehydrogenation by stabilizing the interface systems on porous single-crystalline oxides
Authors: Li Xun , Cheng Fangyuan , Xie Kui
Published: January 2025

In this study, we construct stable porous single-crystalline oxide interface systems for enhancing the non-oxidative dehydrogenation of propane.
Enhanced supercapacitor performance using a nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots/manganese dioxide/tin-organic framework (NGQDs/MnO2/Sn-MOF) hybrid electrode
Authors: Saeed Azhar , Hassan Haseebul , Hakami Abdullatif , Saad H.-E. M. Musa , Masood Kashif , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Mumtaz Sidra
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical Analysis for NGQDs/MnO2/Sn-MOF with (a) CV and (b) GCD.
Formation of 3D Cr2C through solid state reaction-mediated Al extraction within Cr2AlC/Cu thin films
Authors: Azina Clio , Palisaitis Justinas , Bogdanovski Dimitri , Bartsch Tim , Sahu Rajib , Scheu Christina , Persson Per O. Å. , Eklund Per , Schneider Jochen M.
Published: January 2025

Metastable Cr2C was formed upon Al extraction from Cr2AlC MAX phase thin films using Cu as a getter material.
Bulk photovoltaic effect in a two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor α-In2Se3
Authors: Chen Xiaojuan , Xu Kang , Qin Tingxiao , Wang Yubin , Xiong Qihua , Liu Haiyun
Published: January 2025

We present a demonstration of enhanced bulk photovoltaic response in α-In2Se3 under the excitation of visible light, with photovoltaic current density nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional bulk ferroelectric materials.
An efficient direct electrolysis method for the synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyxy substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
Authors: Kong Yanyan , Gong Ming , Xu Xuemei , Wu Yangjie , Jiang Xingmao
Published: January 2025

An efficient method of direct electrolysis to synthesize 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyxy substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
A-site cations in stannate perovskites affect their performance in catalysing CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Yuan Hao , Zhang Haiyan , Liu Ruigang , Yue Shanhu , Yan Jiaxu , Xie Xiaoji , Lu Min
Published: January 2025

The A-site cation can be a key factor in the design of stannate perovskite-based catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Enantiopure piperidines via stereoselective Ireland–Claisen rearrangement: entry into corynanthe alkaloids
Authors: Ūdris Niklāvs , Ločmele Rebeka , Pelšs Juris , Ture Anastasija , Sakaine Guna , Kinēns Artis , Smits Gints
Published: January 2025

A stereo-divergent Ireland–Claisen rearrangement furnishes all four possible stereoisomers of 3,4-disubstituted piperidines applicable in indole alkaloid total syntheses.
Phase stability, electronic, mechanical, lattice distortion, and thermal properties of complex refractory-based high entropy alloys TiVCrZrNbMoHfTaW with varying elemental ratios
Authors: Hasan Sahib , Adhikari Puja , San Saro , Ching Wai-Yim
Published: January 2025

This study examines the intricate area of refractory-based high entropy alloys (RHEAs), focusing on a series of complex compositions involving nine diverse refractory elements: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W.
How thermally stable are vanadium cathode Li-ion cells?
Authors: Guo Fenghua , Zhou Hui , Miller Jonathan , Schultz Brian J. , Gobbato Leonardo , Whittingham M. Stanley
Published: January 2025

Vanadium-based cathodes (ζ-V2O5, ε-VOPO4) showed high capacity for enabling multi-electron transfer, with thermal stability comparable to that of LFP.
Unveiling the photocatalytic potential of two-dimensional ferroelastic LuSX monolayers for efficient water splitting: a first-principles discovery
Authors: Ma Fengxian , Liu Xiaoxia , Gao Zhen , Chen Zibo , Jiao Yalong , Chen Zhongfang
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional ferroelastic materials can be utilized to enhance photocatalytic applications.
Multifunctional hydroxyurea additive enhances high stability and reversibility of zinc anodes
Authors: Zhang Ruizhe , Liao Zhiyong , Fan Yongbo , Song Lixin , Li Jiayi , Zhang Zhuo , Dong Peizhi , Lin Zexue , Yang Ning , Zhang Qingfeng , Fan Huiqing
Published: January 2025

The performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is greatly influenced by both the electric double layer (EDL) at the Zn electrode/electrolyte interface and the solvation structure of Zn2+.
Side-chain engineering of two-dimensional polymer thin films for high-performance organic non-volatile memories
Authors: Gao Pichao , Wang Jiamin , Wang Zhaofeng , Wu Xianshuo , Zeng Dong , Shen Xianfeng , Yao Ximeng , Yang Shuyuan , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping
Published: January 2025

The impact of side chains on the memory performance of charge-trapping layers in 2D polymer thin films with identical backbones but differing side chains was investigated.
A Transparent Ionogel with Mechanical Robustness Enabled by Synergistic Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Wei Ran , Zhou Chuanjiang , Yang Sijia , Sun Wei , Liu Shengjie , Wu Zhaoqiang , Chen Hong
Published: January 2025

Owing to their high strength and high toughness, ionically conductive elastomers have wide application prospects in artificial muscle materials, lithium-ion batteries and other fields. In this work, on the basis...
The place of natural resources in the model of transition to a green economy in Azerbaijan
Authors: Humbatova Sevil
Published: January 2025

The article explores the role of natural resources in the model of transition to a green economy in Azerbaijan, emphasizing the importance of rational resource use and the implementation of new technologies. A key component of the green economy index is the “natural resources group” sub-index, which includes 10 sub-indicators: volumes of fresh water, water consumption, oil and gas production, land fund structure, fishing, and forest areas. The author also highlights methodological issues that arise in comparative studies, including the dependence of some indicators' absolute values on the size of the country and geographical location. To provide a more accurate assessment of the state of natural resources, the article uses the volume of renewable freshwater per capita, which better reflects the potential for transitioning to a green economy. In conclusion, the article proposes refined indicators for assessing the “natural resources group” based on more reliable data, such as the share of hydrocarbon revenues in GDP, allowing for a deeper understanding of the impact of natural resources on sustainable development in Azerbaijan.
Environmental and Socio-Political Security Risks Correlation in Mountainous Areas
Authors: Humbatov Fuad
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between risks for the systems of environmental and socio-political security of mountainous territories (countries, regions) based on a special methodology developed in [5], as the main barriers to achieving sustainable development of mountainous territories and regional socio-political stability. In [5], the author introduced a new concept - “Climate Conflict Vulnerability Index” (CCVİ) as a unique metric for assessing the relationship between climate change and socio-political risks. Calculated using a special formula, CCVİ determines the degree of predisposition or inclination of any country, including mountainous ones, to the negative impact of climate conflicts as direct and indirect consequences of global climate change. This paper focuses on mountainous countries and regions in terms of conducting a correlation analysis of environmental and socio-political security risks, taking into account their specificity in terms of direct and indirect impact of climate change on mountainous areas, their cultural, socio-economic life, religious and mental characteristics, social traits, etc. In addition, the article analyzes some potential risks of climate conflicts in the Caucasus region, as well as the role of international cooperation institutions in the timely prevention of such political risks.
The concept of alternative tourism and the study of the potential for wine tourism in Azerbaijan
Authors: Huseynli Nazim Intigam , Purhani Hasan Safar , Kabulov Ilyas
Published: January 2025

Alternative tourism has gained considerable attention in recent years as travelers seek unique and authentic experiences outside of traditional tourist destinations. One form of alternative tourism is enotourism, which focuses on the exploration of wine and the culture surrounding it. Wine tourism represents a growing niche within the broader field of alternative tourism, attracting people passionate about wine, culture, and sustainable travel. Alternative tourism aims to provide authentic and meaningful experiences, often involving smaller, less-visited destinations or unconventional activities. The main goal is to move away from standard tourism by encouraging sustainability, cultural exchange, and deeper connections between travelers and the places they visit.
Creative Cuisine in The Mountains: Yörük Food Culture
Authors: Akdag Gürkan , Soylu Aykut Göktuğ
Published: January 2025

Rooted in the nomadic lifestyle of the Yörük people, the Yörük food culture reflects a unique combination of simplicity, practicality and rich flavours. The Yörüks, a Turkish ethnic group traditionally living in the mountainous regions of Southern and Western Anatolia in Turkey, have a distinctive culinary heritage shaped by their nomadic nature and pastoral economy. In this context, the aim of this study is to introduce the culinary culture of the Yörüks and provide information on the eating and drinking habits of the Yörüks. In this way, it will be possible to preserve, support and promote the centuries-old traditional food heritage of the Yörük culture in the field of tourism. In accordance with the aim of the study, visits were made to regions where the Yörüks live compactly within the province of Mersin, field observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Yörük representatives. In this way, information was collected on the foods frequently consumed by the Yörüks. In addition, information about the food culture of the Yörük people was provided. According to the results, it can be said that the food practices of the Yörük people are formed around livestock, especially goats and sheep, from which they obtain basic ingredients such as milk, butter, yogurt, and cheese. These dairy products are usually processed into shelf-stable products such as dry yogurt and tulum cheese, which are suitable for a nomadic lifestyle and form the basis of their diet. Meat, especially lamb and goat, is another main component of Yörük cuisine. Meat is prepared in simple yet delicious ways, usually grilled or boiled. Cooking dried meat and eating natural herbs collected from the highlands are common. In the Yörük food culture, grains such as bulgur and wheat are used to prepare staple dishes such as flatbreads and tortillas. These dishes are usually cooked over an open fire and are seen as a reflection of the active and productive lifestyle of the Yörük people. Seasonal gathering of wild herbs, fruits and nuts also plays an important role in the Yörük diet. In conclusion, the Yörük food culture remains a testament to the resourcefulness and adaptability of a people who have managed to survive in harsh climates for centuries.
Machine Learning-Driven Resilient Modulus Prediction for Flexible Pavements Across Mountainous and Other Regions
Authors: Rauf Ayesha , Asif Usama , Javed Muhammad Faisal
Published: January 2025

Accurate estimation of the elastic modulus (Mr) in the com- pacted subgrade soil is essential for the design of flexible pavement systems that are both reliable and environmentally friendly. Mr significantly affects the structural integrity of the pavement, especially in hilly areas with varying loads and climatic conditions. This study collects 2813 data points from pre- vious research results to create an accurate prediction model. The gradient boosted (GB) machine learning (ML) approach is selected to predict the Mr of the compacted subgrade soil. The accuracy and predictive performance of the GB model were evaluated using statistical analysis that includes fun- damental metrics such as root mean square error, mean absolute error, and relative squared error. The model obtained R² values of 0.96 and 0.94 for the training and testing datasets. The RMSE was 5 MPa for training and 7.48 MPa for testing, while the MAE was 3.18 MPa and 5.55 MPa. These results highlight the potential of GB in predicting soil Mr, thereby supporting the development of more accurate and efficient Mr prediction, ultimately reduc- ing time and cost.
Economic and environmental aspects of the transportation sector
Authors: Zahid Amirkhan Pashayev , Shoyusupov Shoakbar
Published: January 2025

The article explains the factors taken into account when creating transport infrastructure. It discusses multi-stage investments in the transport sector and the method for calculating operating costs that change over the years. In addition, global sales of electric vehicles, a study by American scientists on electric vehicle sales, the global impact of air pollution caused by the transport sector on health, and the UN Climate Change Conference or COP29, which will be held in November 2024 in Azerbaijan are discussed. The article provides effective proposals for the formation of economically, environmentally and socially responsible consciousness among people.
The comparative analysis of the cytogenetic and morphometric characteristics of some mammals
Authors: Hakhiyev Agil , Rajabova Sevinj , Mammadov Ayaz
Published: January 2025

5 species of the
Meriones genus are known in Azerbaijan. In these species (Libyan Jird (
Meriones libycus Lichtenstein, 1842)), the studying of the chromosomal homology and intraspecies problems is one of the actual issues. Based on the literature data about the species of Libyan Jird (Meriones libycus Lichtenstein, 1842), it turns out that very few researches have been conducted in the physical-geographical region of Jeyranchol - Ajinohur. There is a need to the ecological, morphological and cytogenetic researches of this species in the research area and the researches are carried out by us. At the same time, there is a need of a comparative morphometric researching of the Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774) species in the research areas, because the comparative morphometric measurements of the species have not been researched in the research areas. In the areas of the Jeyranchol - Ajinohur geographical region, the comparative morphometric measurements of the Common Pipistrelle species are investigating by us. Both areas are located in the semi-desert zone and are characterized by relatively different landscape, vegetation, substrate, altitude and weather conditions (especially precipitation). The Gobustan region is the area with little precipitation and the most wind, and more characterized by the glasswort-wormwood-ephemeral plants. Jeyranchol has wormwood- caperbushes, sparsely shrubby xerophytic vegetation.
Catalase Biomimetic Sensor Based on Metal
Authors: Malikova Nurana Nahmad , Gurbanova Lala Maharram , Ali-Zadeh Nahmad Islam , Nagiev Tofik Murtuza , Shokhzod Ulashov , Kurbanova Shaxnoza
Published: January 2025

The development of motivated biosensors associated with the study of a large number of different substances is one of the most important areas of development of analytical chemistry. This goal in the development of certain biosensors was necessary for a sufficiently clear, fast, qualitative and quantitative determination of the desired component. Chemical reactions in living organisms are carried out with the help of catalysts - enzymes. Enzymes are proteins with prosthetic groups, and proteins are polymers formed from amino acid links. The number of different enzymes in a cell is the same as the number of different chemical reactions that occur in it. This work is devoted to the study of biomimetic sensors, where metals (Pb, Ag, Al) were used as a converter. The active material was iron tetraphenylporphyrin adsorbed on Al2O3. It was found that biomimetic sensors made on the basis of intelligent material (TPhPFe3+/Al2O3) and metals have a number of technological advantages. The developed biomimetic sensors are characterized by high sensitivity, activity, stability and reproducibility. When detecting the catalase activity of biomimetic sensors, the maximum sensitivity to the concentration of H2O2 in an aqueous solution for TPhPFe3+/Al2O3//Pb was 10-8wt.%, for TPhPFe3+/Al2O3//Ag – 10-8wt.%, for TPhPFe3+/Al2O3//Al – 10-6 wt.%.
Research of fracturing in the body of ground water dams
Authors: Makhmudov Abdulatif , Shakirov Bakhtiyar , Ermatov Qobiljon , Shakirov Boburmirzo , Uljaev Farokhiddin
Published: January 2025

The basic principle of centrifugal modeling is given. The main similarity relationships when modeling earth dams using a centrifuge: density, relative deformation and stress are the same, which makes it possible to predict the assessm ent of cracking in more detail. Great attention is always paid to the reliability and safety of hydraulic structures. On the other hand, performing scientific research work, it is possible to understand that the reliability of underground water dams, their safety and serviceability are directly dependent on the dam’s resistance to cracking. Scientific studies have confirmed the assumption that the main unevenness of the sediments is related to the manifestation of subsidence deformations of the coastal slope during the filling of the reservoir. Pre-moistening of the foundation makes only a part of the deformations of the settlement, therefore, when filling the reservoir, relatively large settlements of the foundation and their significant unevenness can be expected. The results of our scientific research will be reflected in future studies of the effects of lake sediments on water reservoirs.
Treatment and Genotypic Characteristics of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Norbutoev Olimjon , Akhmedov Khalmurad , Abdurakhmanova Nargiza , Turaev Ikhtiyor
Published: January 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a significant problem in modern rheumatology, with many patients failing to achieve remission despite the availability of new treatments. A key approach to addressing this problem is pharmacogenetics, which tailors treatments based on genetic characteristics. This study focuses on genotyping of MDR1 gene polymorphisms, specifically the C1236T, G2677T, and C3435T isoforms, in patients with RA. The results showed a significant correlation between the C3435T polymorphism and the duration of remission as well as disease activity. Carriers of the TT genotype experienced longer remissions, while patients with the CC genotype exhibited resistance to methotrexate. Based on the genotyping results, individualized treatment regimens were developed, with a focus on methotrexate monotherapy for patients with the TT genotype and alternative treatments for CC carriers. These results highlight the potential of pharmacogenetics to optimize RA treatment and reduce disease activity, leading to better patient outcomes. Further research is recommended to improve personalized RA therapy.
Complications and Adverse Covid-19 Outcomes on Patients with Comorbidity
Authors: Khidoyatova Mukhlisa , Nabieva Dildora , Muxammadieva Sevara , Yakupova Svetlana
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to identify prognostic markers of complications in patients with severe COVID-19, focusing on comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes. The study was conducted on 189 patients in tertiary hospitals and divided patients into four groups based on the presence of comorbidities. The major complications identified included acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation, which were more common in patients with two or more comorbidities. The study found that comorbidities significantly impacted mortality, with ARDS affecting 29.7% of patients. The results suggest the need for targeted interventions for high-risk patients, especially those with cardiovascular disease and obesity, to improve COVID-19 outcomes.
Research progress on the source, adsorption treatment and conversion technology of CO2
Authors: Wang Yingfei
Published: January 2025

As an important greenhouse gas, the increase in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) has become one of the main drivers of global climate change. This paper systematically discusses the source, adsorption treatment method and conversion technology of CO2. First of all, the sources of CO2 are divided into two categories: natural processes and human activities. Among them, CO2 generated by human activities is the main cause of environmental problems such as global warming. Subsequently, the article introduces the adsorption method as an important means of CO2 treatment, covering the adsorption principle, common adsorbent types, adsorption process and adsorption regeneration methods. Finally, this paper focuses on the conversion technology of CO2, including thermal catalytic conversion, photocatalytic conversion and electrocatalytic conversion. Each method has unique advantages and challenges, and provides different ideas and solutions for the effective conversion and utilization of CO2.
Analysis of aerosol climate effects under global warming
Authors: Li Guo
Published: January 2025

Global warming is a global environmental problem that has a profound impact on natural ecosystems, human socio-economic activities and the future fate of the planet. Aerosols, as tiny particles that are widespread in the atmosphere Its climate effects are complex and uncertain, and it is a key factor in global climate change research. This essay first introduces the definition and classification of aerosols, including natural source aerosols and anthropogenic source aerosols. Then it analyzed the interrelationship between global warming and aerosols. Then it explored the differences in aerosol impacts in various regions, using North China, Northeast China and the Qaidam Basin as examples. It was found that the differences in the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols can be summarized from the seasonal and interannual variations of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) as well as the characteristics of the spatial distribution. The higher AOD values in spring and summer are mainly affected by sand and dust aerosols, localized pollution, and the EI Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. The spatial distribution of AOD showed heterogeneity. The research provides an important scientific basis for the development of effective climate policy and response measures.
Aerosol Effects on the Atmosphere: Types, Mechanisms and Future Perspectives
Authors: Wang Yuanjie
Published: January 2025

Aerosols, composed of solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, with complex sources and mechanisms of action, are widely present in both natural environments and human activities. Aerosols directly affect the Earth’s energy balance by scattering and absorbing solar radiation and indirectly affect climate and precipitation patterns by acting as cloud condensation nuclei, altering cloud formation and microphysical properties. This paper discussed the different types of aerosols, including natural, anthropogenic, and hybrid aerosols, and analyzed their physical and chemical properties. This paper also analyzed the direct and indirect climate effects of aerosols in the atmosphere and explored future research directions, including technological innovations, interdisciplinary collaborations and international policy drivers. Future research on aerosols as an important factor in climate change will contribute to a better understanding of its complexity and to strategies to address global climate change.
Introduction to Mycelium Insulation as a Sustainable Insulation Material and Carbon Sink
Authors: Chen Michael Junyou
Published: January 2025

Climate change is becoming an even bigger threat with the continued production of pollution in the atmosphere. Mycelium insulation offers a potential part of the solution by being a carbon sink and a sustainable material in an otherwise very unsustainable industry of construction and insulation. In this review paper, I present the various materials that can form mycelium insulation, the process of how mycelium insulation is made, and some examples of potential composites that have been studied. Furthermore, I discuss the environmental impact of the insulation industry, and how mycelium insulation can reduce such impacts. Additionally, mycelium insulation is then compared to current alternatives on the market and evaluated by outlining its capabilities across various metrics to determine its performance. I then introduce specific properties of a mycelium composite that can be achieved depending on the substrate make up. Finally, market viability is analysed to show the potential of mycelium insulation. Results show that the current iteration of mycelium insulation may appeal to select individuals that are environmentally conscious, or for specialised cases. Widespread us of mycelium will only be achieved if further innovation occurs or an increase in the need to become environmentally friendly.