bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An approximate stochastic optimal control framework to simulate nonlinear neuro-musculoskeletal models in the presence of noise
Authors: Van Wouwe Tom , Ting Lena H. , De Groote Friedl
Published: June 2022

Optimal control simulations have shown that both musculoskeletal dynamics and physiological noise are important determinants of movement. However, due to the limited efficiency of available computational tools, deterministic simulations of movement focus on accurately modelling the musculoskeletal system while neglecting physiological noise, and stochastic simulations account for noise while simplifying the dynamics. We took advantage of recent approaches where stochastic optimal control problems are approximated using deterministic optimal control problems, which can be solved efficiently using direct collocation. We were thus able to extend predictions of stochastic optimal control as a theory of motor coordination to include muscle coordination and movement patterns emerging from non-linear musculoskeletal dynamics. In stochastic optimal control simulations of human standing balance, we demonstrated that the inclusion of muscle dynamics can predict muscle co-contraction as minimal effort strategy that complements sensorimotor feedback control in the presence of sensory noise. In simulations of reaching, we demonstrated that nonlinear multi-segment musculoskeletal dynamics enables complex perturbed and unperturbed reach trajectories under a variety of task conditions to be predicted. In both behaviors, we demonstrated how interactions between task constraint, sensory noise, and the intrinsic properties of muscle influence optimal muscle coordination patterns, including muscle co-contraction, and the resulting movement trajectories. Our approach enables a true minimum effort solution to be identified as task constraints, such as movement accuracy, can be explicitly imposed, rather than being approximated using penalty terms in the cost function. Our approximate stochastic optimal control framework predicts complex features, not captured by previous simulation approaches, providing a generalizable and valuable tool to study how musculoskeletal dynamics and physiological noise may alter neural control of movement in both healthy and pathological movements.
Data-dependent visualization of biological networks in the web-browser with NDExEdit
Authors: Auer Florian , Mayer Simone , Kramer Frank
Published: June 2022

Networks are a common methodology used to capture increasingly complex associations between biological entities. They serve as a resource of biological knowledge for bioinformatics analyses, and also comprise the subsequent results. However, the interpretation of biological networks is challenging and requires suitable visualizations dependent on the contained information. The most prominent software in the field for the visualization of biological networks is Cytoscape, a desktop modeling environment also including many features for analysis.

A further challenge when working with networks is their distribution. Within a typical collaborative workflow, even slight changes of the network data force one to repeat the visualization step as well. Also, just minor adjustments to the visual representation not only need the networks to be transferred back and forth. Collaboration on the same resources requires specific infrastructure to avoid redundancies, or worse, the corruption of the data. A well-established solution is provided by the NDEx platform where users can upload a network, share it with selected colleagues or make it publicly available.

NDExEdit is a web-based application where simple changes can be made to biological networks within the browser, and which does not require installation. With our tool, plain networks can be enhanced easily for further usage in presentations and publications. Since the network data is only stored locally within the web browser, users can edit their private networks without concerns of unintentional publication. The web tool is designed to conform to the Cytoscape Exchange (CX) format as a data model, which is used for the data transmission by both tools, Cytoscape and NDEx. Therefore the modified network can be directly exported to the NDEx platform or saved as a compatible CX file, additionally to standard image formats like PNG and JPEG.
Individual-based model highlights the importance of trade-offs for virus-host population dynamics and long-term co-existence
Authors: Pourhasanzade Fateme , Iyer Swami , Tjendra Jesslyn , Landor Lotta , Våge Selina
Published: June 2022

Viruses play diverse and important roles in ecosystems. In recent years, trade-offs between host and virus traits have gained increasing attention in viral ecology and evolution. However, microbial organism traits, and viral population parameters in particular, are challenging to monitor. Mathematical and individual-based models are useful tools for predicting virus-host dynamics. We have developed an individual-based evolutionary model to study ecological interactions and evolution between bacteria and viruses, with emphasis on the impacts of trade-offs between competitive and defensive host traits on bacteria-phage population dynamics and trait diversification. Host dynamics are validated with lab results for different initial virus to host ratios (VHR). We show that trade-off based, as opposed to random bacteria-virus interactions, result in biologically plausible evolutionary outcomes, thus highlighting the importance of trade-offs in shaping biodiversity. The effects of nutrient concentration and other environmental and organismal parameters on the virus-host dynamics are also investigated. Despite its simplicity, our model serves as a powerful tool to study bacteria-phage interactions and mechanisms for evolutionary diversification under various environmental conditions.
Elevated Lp(a) and course of COVID-19: Is there a relationship?
Authors: Pawlos Agnieszka , Gorzelak-Pabiś Paulina , Staciwa Mateusz , Broncel Marlena
Published: June 2022

Background

Lipoprotein (a)–Lp(a) has proinflammatory, prothrombotic and proatherogenic properties and may theoretically influence the course of COVID-19.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to explore whether patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 with Lp(a) ≥30mg/dl may develop a worse course of the disease, increased incidence of thromboembolic complications, intubation and ICU hospitalization or death.

Patients and methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of 124 patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology between 29 November 2020 and 15 April 2021. The only exclusion criterion was age≥80 years. Patients were divided into two groups: 1. COVID-19 patients with Lp(a) <30mg/dl regarded as not elevated n = 80; 2. COVID-19 patients with Lp(a) ≥30 regarded as elevated n = 44.

Results

A total of 124 COVID-19 patients were included in the study (66 men and 58 women) with a mean age of 62.8±11 years. COVID-19 patients with elevated Lp(a) level had significantly longer hospitalization time (11 vs. 9.5 days; p = 0.0362), more extensive radiological changes in CT scan (35 vs. 30%; p = 0.0301) and higher oxygen demand on admission (8 vs. 5L/min; p = 0.0428). Elevated Lp(a) was also associated with significantly higher OR for High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy (HFNOT) OR = 3.5 95%CI(1.2;8.9), p = 0.0140, Intubation and ICU OR = 4.1 95%CI(1.1;15.2) p = 0.0423, Death OR = 2.8 95%CI(0.9;8.5), p = 0.0409.

Conclusions

Elevated Lp(a) might be one of the factors which contribute to a more severe course of COVID-19; however, further studies including larger groups of patients are needed.
Predicting clinical pregnancy using clinical features and machine learning algorithms in in vitro fertilization
Authors: Wang Cheng-Wei , Kuo Chao-Yang , Chen Chi-Huang , Hsieh Yu-Hui , Su Emily Chia-Yu
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Assisted reproductive technology has been proposed for women with infertility. Moreover, in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles are increasing. Factors contributing to successful pregnancy have been widely explored. In this study, we used machine learning algorithms to construct prediction models for clinical pregnancies in IVF.

Materials and methods

A total of 24,730 patients entered IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with clinical pregnancy outcomes at Taipei Medical University Hospital. Data used included patient characteristics and treatment. We used machine learning methods to develop prediction models for clinical pregnancy and explored how each variable affects the outcome of interest using partial dependence plots.

Results

Experimental results showed that the random forest algorithm outperforms logistic regression in terms of areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve. The ovarian stimulation protocol is the most important factor affecting pregnancy outcomes. Long and ultra-long protocols have shown positive effects on clinical pregnancy among all protocols. Furthermore, total frozen and transferred embryos are positive for a clinical pregnancy, but female age and duration of infertility have negative effects on clinical pregnancy.

Conclusion

Our findings show the importance of variables and propensity of each variable by random forest algorithm for clinical pregnancy in the assisted reproductive technology cycle. This study provides a ranking of variables affecting clinical pregnancy and explores the effects of each treatment on successful pregnancy. Our study has the potential to help clinicians evaluate the success of IVF in patients.
400 million voting records show profound racial and geographic disparities in voter turnout in the United States
Authors: Barber Michael , Holbein John B.
Published: June 2022

One of the core tenets of a well-functioning representative democracy is that the people who vote to elect government officials are representative of the public. Here we reinforce the idea that reality is far from this lofty ideal. We document the extent and nature of inequities in voter participation in the United States with a level of granularity and precision that previous research has not afforded. To do so, we use a unique nationwide dataset of approximately 400 million validated voting records across multiple election cycles. With this novel dataset, we document large and persistent gaps in voter turnout by race, age, and political affiliation. Minority citizens, young people, and those who support the Democratic Party are much less likely to vote than whites, older citizens, and Republican Party supporters. Minorities, youth, and democrats are also much more likely to live in local communities where fewer individuals vote—areas that we term turnout deserts. Turnout deserts are especially pernicious given that they are self-reinforcing—bolstered by the social dynamics that fundamentally shape citizens’ voting patterns. Our results show just how glaring inequities in political participation are in the US. These patterns threaten the very fabric of our democracy and fundamentally shift the balance of political power in the halls of government towards the interests of whites, older citizens, and republicans. They illustrate that participation in the United States is strikingly unequal—far from the ideals that this country has long aspired to.
Minor and inconsistent differences in Big Five personality traits between vegetarians and vegans
Authors: Müssig Markus , Pfeiler Tamara M. , Egloff Boris
Published: June 2022

Most research examining individuals who follow different diets has combined vegetarians and vegans into a single group. To investigate whether this consolidation is justified, we analyzed possible differences between vegetarians and vegans for the Big Five personality traits in two studies. In our pre-study, we used data from a German convenience sample of 400 vegetarians and 749 vegans and found that vegans reported slightly higher scores in Openness compared to vegetarians (d = 0.22). In the preregistered main study, we used data provided by 1203 vegetarians and 128 vegans from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study; we found that vegetarians reported slightly higher scores in Neuroticism compared to vegans (d = 0.18) but did not differ in Openness. We found no differences in Conscientiousness, Extraversion, or Agreeableness in either study. Controlling for the socio-demographic variables of age, gender, and socio-economic status did not alter the pattern of results. Overall, these results suggest that there are no or only small differences in Openness or Neuroticism between vegetarians and vegans. Further studies utilizing very large, representative samples are needed to better understand the relationship between personality and diet groups.
Mental chronometry in big noisy data
Authors: Wascher Edmund , Sharifian Fariba , Gutberlet Marie , Schneider Daniel , Getzmann Stephan , Arnau Stefan
Published: June 2022

Temporal measures (latencies) in the event-related potentials of the EEG (ERPs) are a valuable tool for estimating the timing of mental processes, one which takes full advantage of the high temporal resolution of the EEG. Especially in larger scale studies using a multitude of individual EEG-based tasks, the quality of latency measures often suffers from high and low frequency noise residuals due to the resulting low trial counts (because of compressed tasks) and because of the limited feasibility of visual inspection of the large-scale data. In the present study, we systematically evaluated two different approaches to latency estimation (peak latencies and fractional area latencies) with respect to their data quality and the application of noise reduction by jackknifing methods. Additionally, we tested the recently introduced method of Standardized Measurement Error (SME) to prune the dataset. We demonstrate that fractional area latency in pruned and jackknifed data may amplify within-subjects effect sizes dramatically in the analyzed data set. Between-subjects effects were less affected by the applied procedures, but remained stable regardless of procedure.
The impact of the strategic action plan to combat chronic non-communicable diseases on hospital admissions and deaths from cardiovascular diseases in Brazil
Authors: Silva Rafaella Alves da , Fonseca Luiza Gabriela de Araújo , Silva João Pedro de Santana , Lima Núbia Maria Freire Vieira , Gualdi Lucien Peroni , Lima Illia Nadinne Dantas Florentino
Published: June 2022

Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the main causes of death worldwide, responsible for millions of hospital admissions per year, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several strategies for controlling and coping with these diseases have been developed in several countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the Strategic Action Plan to Combat NCDs (2011–2022) on hospital admissions, deaths and mortality rate in Brazil, classified by CVD. This is a descriptive study, with secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). Hospital admissions, deaths and mortality rate due to CVD in the Brazilian population aged over 20 years were analyzed, according to region, sex and age group. Statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism program. Data normality was assessed using the Komogorov Smirnov test and the comparison between groups and year periods was performed using the two-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s post hoc test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. In this study, in most analyses, a reduction in the hospitalization rates of the adult population was observed after the implementation of the plan, however, there was no improvement in relation to the number of deaths and mortality rate from CVD. This shows that there is still a long way to go to reduce the impact of these diseases in Brazil, and they reaffirm the need for and importance of maintaining the prevention of their risk factors, the social determinants of health and the reorganization of care in the face of to population aging. Such findings contribute with information that allow better control and monitoring of CVD and should be considered when implementing new strategies for prevention, care and control of risk factors.
Chronic kidney disease causes and outcomes in children: Perspective from a LMIC setting
Authors: Amanullah Farhana , Malik Amyn A. , Zaidi Zafar
Published: June 2022

Background and objective

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a major public health challenge, with a global prevalence of 15–74.7 cases /million children. Preventing CKD in children, slowing its progression and management of complications are essential, especially in challenged health systems in low middle income countries (LMIC). We conducted a retrospective review to assess the underlying cause and stage of CKD at presentation and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents at the Indus Hospital and Health Network (IHHN) in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods

Children 0–16 years with CKD stage 1 and/or higher at presentation were included. Data including demographics, clinical status and lab results at presentation and during follow-up, surgical intervention if any, kidney function at last visit and outcome at last follow-up was recorded.

Results

A total of 229 children diagnosed with CKD are included in our study. The median age at diagnosis was 10 years with male: female ratio of 1.8:1. Only 5% children presented in stage 1 CKD. The rate of adverse outcomes is 4.5 times higher in children with CKD stage 3–5 compared to early CKD. Congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) was the underlying cause in 49% children. Children with glomerular disease had comparatively worse outcome. Proteinuria, hypertension, anemia and bone disease were associated with high morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion

The true epidemiology of childhood CKD is unknown in Pakistan. Our cohort showed better CKD outcomes in children diagnosed early with appropriate surgical and medical follow-up. Prompt diagnosis, treatment and prevention of progression can be life-saving in our setting. CKD registry data can inform policy changes that can prevent poor outcomes.
Playing a musical instrument increases blood flow in the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Kawasaki Ai , Hayashi Naoyuki
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron-emission tomography suggest that many regions of the brain are activated by such complex muscle activity. Although these studies demonstrated relative increases in blood flow in some brain regions with increased neural activity, whether or not the absolute value of cerebral blood flow increases has yet to be elucidated. It also remains unknown whether playing musical instruments affects cerebral blood flow. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of playing a musical instrument on blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) by using Doppler ultrasound to measure absolute values of arterial flow velocity.

Methods

Thirteen musicians performed three pieces of music with different levels of difficulty: play for the first time (FS), music in practice (PR) and already mastered (MS) on either piano or violin. MCAv was recorded continuously from 10 min before until 10 min after playing. Associations between the cerebral blood flow response and blood pressure and gas-exchange variables were examined.

Results

PR and MS significantly increased the MCAv. The blood pressure increased significantly in performances of all difficulty levels except for MS. There were no significant changes in exhaled gas variables during the performance.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that playing a musical instrument increases MCAv, and that this change is influenced by the difficulty of the performance.
Influence of Long-Term Space Flight on Mechanical Properties of the Human Triceps Surae Muscle: Electro Mechanical Delay and Musculo-Tendinous Stiffness
Authors: Koryak Yuri A
Published: June 2022

The effects of long-term space flight on human triceps surae (TS) muscle function and electromechanical delay (EMD) have been investigated. Voluntary and electrically evoked contractions of the TS were obtained from 7 male cosmonauts 30 days before and 3 days after landing. For all cosmonauts the isometric maximal voluntary contraction was reduced by 41.7 % (p < 0.01), whereas the electrically evoked maximal tetanic contraction force (Po) was found to decrease by 25.6 % (p < 0.05). Force deficit increased by 50 % (p < 0.001). This suggests that most of the force loss is due to a reduction in motor drive (motor control). The decrease in Po was associated with a significant increase of the corresponding maximal rates of tension development (43.7 %). The twitch tension (Pt) was not significantly changed and the Pt/Po ratio was increased by 46.7 % (p < 0.05) after space mission. The twitch time-to-peak tension of the TS increased by 7.7 %, but half-relaxation time decreased by 20.6 %. Force-velocity properties of the TS calculated according to a relative scale of voluntary contraction development significantly decreased. The calculations of the same properties of electrically evoked contraction development did not differ substantially from the initial physiological state. Total reaction time (TRT), pre-motor time (PMR) and motor time or EMD were determined. In response to a supramaximal single electrical pulses applied to the tibial nerve, the latent period between the M-wave and Рt beginning was determined. The voluntary contraction EMD increased by 34.1 %; but PMR and TRT decreased by 19.0 and 14.1 %, respectively. The EMD of electrically evoked contraction did not significantly change. Thus, the comparison of the mechanical alterations recorded during voluntary contractions and in contractions evoked by electrical stimulation of the motor nerve, suggests that weightlessness not only modifies the peripheral processes associated with contractions, but also changes central and/or neural command of the contraction.
Clinical Characteristics and Associated Psychosocial Dysfunction in Patients With Functional Dysphagia: A Study Based on High-Resolution Impedance Manometry and Rome IV Criteria
Authors: Lu Po-Wen , Chen Chien-Chuan , Wu Jia-Feng , Lee Hui-Chuan , Lee Yi-Chia , Wang Hsiu-Po , Wu Ming-Shiang , Tseng Ping-Huei
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

The pathophysiology of functional dysphagia as defined by the updated Rome IV criteria is complex and remains largely unknown. We aimed to investigate its clinical characteristics and its association with psychosocial comorbidities.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients referred to our motility laboratory for evaluation of esophageal dysphagia were identified. All patients were assessed with upper endoscopy, high-resolution impedance manometry, and validated symptom questionnaires. Data from those who were diagnosed with functional dysphagia (n = 96) based on the Rome IV criteria were analyzed. Age- and sex-adjusted healthy volunteers were also enrolled for comparison. Psychiatric comorbidity and poor sleep quality were defined as total score of 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale ≥6 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≥6, respectively.

RESULTS:

The age peak of patients with functional dysphagia was at 40–60 years (47.9%) with females predominant (67%). Forty-four patients (45.8%) had psychiatric comorbidities, whereas 80 (83.3%) experienced poor sleep quality. Female patients were more likely to have trouble falling asleep, shorter sleep duration, and severe bloating. Compared with the healthy volunteers, patients with functional dysphagia had higher 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (5.34 ± 3.91 vs 1.84 ± 2.61, 9.64 ± 4.13 vs 4.77 ± 3.60, both P < 0.001) but similar results on high-resolution impedance manometry. Those with ineffective esophageal motility (16.7%) had less sleep efficiency than those with normal motility.

DISCUSSION:

Patients with functional dysphagia were mainly middle-aged women and had a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and sleep disturbances, especially in female patients. Patients with functional dysphagia displayed similar esophageal motility as the healthy volunteers did.
Moderated mediating effect of peer relationships on the relationship between teacher enthusiasm and relationship with students, student metacognition, and career maturity: for 3rd grade middle school students
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Sung-Im Go , Seo Eun-Hee
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting the career maturity of middle school 3rd graders.
Methods: This research used data from the fifth year of the Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2013」, and questionnaire data of 6,517 students in the third year of middle school were analyzed by performing regression analysis and bootstrapping.
Results: This study found that teacher enthusiasm and relationship with students, students’ meta-cognition, and peer relationship had a significantly positive effect on career maturity in adolescence. Second, students' meta-cognition mediated the relationship between teacher enthusiasm and relationship with students and career maturity. Third, the moderating effect of peer relationship was significant in the relationship between teacher enthusiasm and relationship with students and student meta-cognition, and between teacher enthusiasm and relationship with students and adolescent career maturity. Finally, the moderated mediating effect of peer relationship in the relevance between teacher enthusiasm and relationship with students and students’ career maturity mediated by student meta-cognition was significant.
Conclusion: The finding suggests that effective plan for friendship improvement is required in order to develop adolescent career maturity. Implications of this study were discussed.
Colombian adolescents fail in knowledge regarding HIV and other sexually transmitted infections
Authors:   Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Sánchez-Mendoza Vanessa , Vallejo Pablo ,   Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Morales Alexandra ,   Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Soriano Ayala Encarnación ,   Universidad de Almería
Published: June 2022

Abstract Introduction/objective: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) -HIV included- are a major problem in Latin America, mainly in Colombia. In 2021, 17647 cases were reported, which compared to the previous year showed an increase of 29.7%. The main aim of this study was to assess the knowledge regarding HIV and other STIs among the adolescent population in Colombia. Method: A total of 2012 Colombian adolescents between 12-19 years of age participated in this study. The HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Knowledge Scale (KSI), a self-report measure, was administered. The results showed moderate to low general knowledge (M = 9.90, SD = 4.64) regarding HIV and other STIs. Adolescents did not know if a tongue-kiss led to an HIV infection (75%), or whether both the vaginal ring and the IUD were effective methods for preventing HIV/AIDS (82%). Results: Results showed better scores in knowledge regarding HIV transmission (84%), HIV testing (66%), and condom use to prevent HIV infection (71%). Conclusions: Significant differences were observed in HIV/STIs knowledge between both sexes, but the effect magnitudes were small. Thus, these differences were neglected. This study contributes to understanding the state of knowledge and strengthening prevention strategies of professionals linked to the field of quality of life, education, and sexual healthcare in Colombia.
Une méta-méthode pour transcender les limites critiques de la gestion conventionnelle des enjeux des systèmes sociétaux
Authors: De Gerlache Jacques , Corsi Patrick
Published: June 2022

Pour faire face aux crises multiples et irréductibles auxquelles nos sociétés sont confrontées (sociales, écologiques, sanitaires, économiques, financières, (géo)politiques…), l'approche proposée ici permet de transcender les limites bloquantes de leurs processus de gestion existants. Elle vise tout d'abord à intégrer toutes les parties prenantes concernées dans un processus harmonieusement orchestré. La méta-méthode consiste ensuite à collecter et à représenter, dans les quatre dimensions d’une boussole de métamorphose, la variété des connaissances sociétales existantes impliquées. Puis à identifier leurs principaux concepts et, tout en respectant les acquis existants, à redéfinir et faire émerger de manière opérationnelle de nouvelles gerbes conceptuelles qui soient cohérentes. C’est un processus gyroscopique intégrant l’application de la théorie Concepts-Connaissances (C-K) de conception innovante développée par l’École des Mines à Paris. Elle permet des formulations inédites et une architecture d’implémentation intégrant les diverses contraintes, attentes et objectifs partagés par les parties prenantes. Formulations qui permettront de matérialiser les métamorphoses sociétales indispensables devenues urgentes des paradigmes de gestion contemporains. Cela rendra possible de mettre en œuvre sans délai des processus régénérés. Plus largement, des programmes réalistes et opérationnels permettant de surmonter la complexité irréductible des crises majeures auxquelles nos sociétés font face.
Territorios visuales Fotografía y testimonio en las protestas de octubre (2019): la minga visual 74
Authors: Schlenker Alex
Published: June 2022

Este artículo es producto de la investigación que acompañó la creación del documental Octubre: los encuadres de una protesta (2021, 86 min.) el cual recogió, analizó e interpretó, en el marco de las protestas sociales de octubre de 2019, eltrabajo fotográfico de 35 fotógrafxs con distintas vinculaciones profesionales, narrativas y estéticas: fotógrafxs de prensa o de agencias, documentalistas, artistas, activistas que hacen/emplean fotografía, manifestantes aficionados a la fotografía, entre otrxs. La hipótesis central de este artículo es que el ejercicio de una fotografía crítica que le disputa elsentido a los medios oficiales (públicos y privados) deviene en unas prácticas de acompañamiento que superan la noción mecanicista de espacio y crean unos territorios visuales a través de relatos de y para la vida.
EVALUASI KEANDALAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI DENGAN CONSTRAINT STABILITAS SISTEM AKIBAT INJEKSI HYBRID DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Authors: Isfihana Ruli , Suyono Hadi , Hasanah Rini Nur
Published: June 2022

Pada penelitian ini evaluasi nilai indeks keandalan sistem distribusi penyulang Pujon 20 kV dilakukan dengan constraint stabilitas sistem akibat injeksi Hybrid Distributed Generation (hybrid DG). Evaluasi keandalan sistem dilakukan dengan merekomendasikan penambahan dan relokasi sectionalizer pada sistem distribusi. Sistem distribusi diberikan injeksi tiga jenis Distributed Generation (DG) yaitu, Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH), Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) dan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB). Penambahan hybrid DG pada sistem distribusi bertujuan untuk meminimalisir permasalahan kualitas daya dan mampu meningkatkan keandalan sistem distribusi. Injeksi hybrid DG mengurangi rugi-rugi daya pada sistem distribusi penyulang Pujon 20 kV. Rugi-rugi daya pada skenario kondisi eksisting adalah sebesar 0,417 MW (9,62%) dan 0,247 MVAR (9,22%). Pada skenario 7 (skenario sistem eksisting + hybrid DG) rugi-rugi daya adalah sebesar 0,295 MW (5,50 %) dan 0,15 MVAR (5,80%).
An Ethical Discussion About the Responsibility for Protection of Minors in the Digital Environment: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Alves de Castro Charles , Carthy Aiden , O’Reilly Isobel
Published: June 2022

Many ethical questions have been raised regarding the use of social media and the internet, mainly related to the protection of young people in the digital environment. In order to critically address the research question “who is responsible for ethically protecting minors in the digital environment?”, this paper will review the main literature available to understand the role of parents, the government, and companies in protecting young people within the digital environment. We employed a holistic process that covers a state-of-the-art review and desk research. The article is divided into four sessions; (1) Government Policies from the European Union (EU) Perspective; (2) Parental Control; (3) An Overview of Companies and the Private and Self-Regulation Sectors; and (4) the Ethical Dilemma. Throughout, we reviewed specific topics regarding the potentially harmful content for young people within the digital environment, questioned how ethical concerns shape content and interactions online and discussed how internet parenting styles impact risks and opportunities for young people in the digital world. Finally, we analysed the research question contrasting it with the main findings in this review and offered recommendations.
Evaluation of the Level of Smart City Construction Based on Guangfo-Shenzhen-Dongguan in the Context of Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Zhang Manting , Wang Rudan , Xie Zongyi , He Haoyu , Li Shumin , Cen Yilin , Wu Haichao , Chu Chien Chi
Published: June 2022

The Guangdong Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is one of the most open and economically dynamic regions in China. The construction of a new type of smart bay area is an important part of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area strategy, and the construction of a smart bay area needs to be closely integrated with international standards and focus on building a smart digital centre in the Greater Bay Area. This study focuses on the development needs, future development trends and construction strategies of smart cities in four city clusters in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from four development perspectives: smart water conservancy, smart cultural tourism, smart transportation and smart healthcare, using data related to the development of smart cities in Guangzhou-Foshan-Shenzhen-Dongguan in recent years, the entropy weighting method is used to determine the weights of 40 indicators, and the TOPSIS evaluation model is applied to evaluate the level of smart city construction in each city. The evaluation of the level of smart city construction in each city was carried out by using the TOPSIS evaluation model, and it was concluded that there were large differences among the cities, and there was a need for city-specific policies and reasonable improvements. The evaluation of the level of smart city development in each city was carried out using the TOPSIS evaluation model.
Educating epistemological principles, virtues and research skills. Review on Marina Klimenko’s textbook “Research Methods in the Social Sciences”
Authors: Nowak Ewa
Published: June 2022

proving university students’ research skills, research integrity and best standards for scientific excellence is crucial for all disciplines. Marina Klimenko, a senior lecturer at the University of Florida, developed an innovative digital textbook entitled Research Methods in the Social Sciences (2020) with the focus on investigative psychology. The edition was powered by the e-learning portal and published by Sentia Publishing. The author’s own epistemological and research expertise is combined here with her competence in higher education didactics. Klimenko’s textbook seems to be perfectly tailored for prospective researchers – and useful for various disciplines representing the social sciences and humanities.
Electrophysiological study of the effects of side products of RuBi-GABA uncaging on GABAA receptors in cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Gatta Elena , Bazzurro Virginia , Angeli Elena , Salis Annalisa , Damonte Gianluca , Cupello Aroldo , Robello Mauro , Diaspro Alberto
Published: June 2022

The study of the GABAA receptor itself and its pharmacology is of paramount importance for shedding light on the role of this receptor in the central nervous system. Caged compounds have emerged as powerful tools to support research in this field, as they allow to control, in space and time, the release of neurotransmitters enabling, for example, to map receptors’ distribution and dynamics. Here we focus on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-caged compounds, particularly on a commercial complex called RuBi-GABA, which has high efficiency of uncaging upon irradiation at visible wavelengths. We characterized, by electrophysiological measurements, the effects of RuBi-GABA on GABAA receptors of rat cerebellar granule cells in vitro. In particular, we evaluated the effects of side products obtained after RuBi-GABA photolysis. For this purpose, we developed a procedure to separate the “RuBi-cage” from GABA after uncaging RuBi-GABA with a laser source; then, we compared electrophysiological measurements acquired with and without administering the RuBi-cage in the perfusing bath. In conclusion, to investigate the role of the “cage” molecules both near and far from the cell soma, we compared experiments performed changing the distance of the uncaging point from the cell.
Non-English major students’ perceptions of aspects of their autonomous language learning
Authors: Nguyen Son Van , Habók Anita
Published: June 2022

The study investigated the perceptions among non-English major students of autonomous language learning (ALL) of their responsibilities, ability to act autonomously, motivation to learn English, and autonomous activities within and outside of class. The data were collected using questionnaires and follow-up interviews. Nearly 300 students at a university in Hanoi, Vietnam, participated, 11 of whom were later interviewed. The analysis suggested that students preferred shared responsibilities. They were relatively confident in their abilities to act autonomously and were moderately to highly motivated to learn English. Nevertheless, ALL activities were conducted only on an irregular basis. Our results indicated that gender did not affect the implementation of ALL. The more motivated the students, the more frequently they practiced ALL activities. A relatively strong positive correlation was observed between self-perceived ALL abilities and activities. Some pedagogical implications were also extracted.
Stable Implementation of Adaptive IGABEM in 2D in MATLAB
Authors: Gantner Gregor , Praetorius Dirk , Schimanko Stefan
Published: June 2022

We report on the Matlab program package IGABEM2D which provides an easily accessible implementation of adaptive Galerkin boundary element methods in the frame of isogeometric analysis and which is available on the web for free download.
Numerical experiments with IGABEM2D underline the particular importance of adaptive mesh refinement for high accuracy in isogeometric analysis.
Old Babylonian Letters and Class Formation: tropes of sympathy and social proximity
Authors: Richardson Seth
Published: June 2022

a re-analysis of Old Babylonian letters (2003–1595 BC) reveals the construction of class identity for men called “gentlemen” (awīlū) through their use of sympathetic expressions positioning correspondents as brothers, friends, colleagues, etc. While this observation is not new, this article makes two further points. First, I argue that class consciousness was created through the policing of failures to enact the social relations expressed in the letters, rather than superficial claims that such relations existed in the first place. This reading requires that we engage seriously with the contingent nature of class identity—that fears and anxieties about falling out of status were more in evidence as the motor for and incentive towards class membership than simple claims of inclusion or group solidarity. Second, I argue that the sympathy enjoined by the letters simulated the affective-spatial cognitive states necessary for group identity. Group problems of geographic and physical distance and even loneliness were solved by the letters’ production of sympathy. Not only does a sincere consideration of the subjective experience of class formation require an understanding of individual and group emotional states, the letters themselves, filled with expressions of pathos and worry, invite it.
The crystal structure of (R)-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylisochroman-1-one, C11H12O4
Authors: Li Hong , Lin Can–Kai , Huang Rong-Chun , Chen Kai-Xin , Liang Hai-Xuan , Cai Yan-Jia , Chen Zi-Feng , Tao Yi-Wen , Ding Bo
Published: June 2022

C11H12O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 15.4586(2) Å, b = 7.80238(13) Å, c = 16.4003(2) Å, β = 91.0103(13)°, V = 1977.81(5) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0413, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1045, T = 180 K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of poly[aqua(μ4-(1R,2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-((7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-sulfonatophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylate-κ4
O:O′:O″:O‴)sodium(I)] monohydrate, C21H22NNaO12S
Authors: Chen Hai-Lin , Huang Xiu-Xiang , Lan Jian-Jing , Yao Dong-Mei , Wang Yan-Ping , Liu Qiu-Ping
Published: June 2022

C21H22NNaO12S, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.6850(1) Å, b = 10.8030(1) Å, c = 25.9262(2) Å, V = 2152.42(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0309, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0818, T = 100.0(4) K.
UDM (Unified Data Model) for chemical reactions – past, present and future
Authors: Tomczak Jarosław , Herzog Elena , Fischer Markus , Swienty-Busch Juergen , van den Broek Frederik , Whittick Gabrielle , Kappler Michael , Jones Brian , Blanke Gerd
Published: June 2022

The UDM (Unified Data Model) is an open, extendable and freely available data format for the exchange of experimental information about compound synthesis and testing. The UDM had been initially developed in a collaborative project between Elsevier and Roche, where chemical reactions data from a variety of disparate data sources existing at Roche was consolidated and integrated into the Roche in-house version of the Reaxys database. Elsevier adapted the UDM model to its needs and finally donated its pre-4.0 release to the Pistoia Alliance for further development together with the five project founders (Elsevier, Roche, BIOVIA, GSK and Novartis, joined later by BMS), who contributed with funding and expertise to the Pistoia Alliance UDM project between 2017 and 2020. The latest UDM version 6.0 has been made freely available for the community under the MIT license in January 2021. The past, present, and future of the UDM exchange format are discussed in this article and factors that contribute to the successful adoption of the UDM format.
Reclaiming archives: guest editorial
Authors: Barwick Linda , Huebner Sharon , Ormond-Parker Lyndon , Treloyn Sally
Published: June 2022

Highlighting perspectives from First Nations peoples whose cultural heritage is held in archives of various types, this article sets the scene for this special edition on “Reclaiming Archives.” Emerging protocols for Indigenous community engagement with archiving institutions have been driven by community demands for access, digitisation and return of archival cultural heritage records, and supported by various peak professional organisations such as the International Council on Archives, the International Council of Museums and the Indigenous Archives Collective. A complex history of exploitation, resistance and trauma surrounds First Nations cultural records created during Australia“s “Assimilation Era“ (roughly 1935-1975), and several contributions to the volume explore the implications of this colonial past for management and reclamation of such archival records today. Indeed, the authors contend that institutions today have much to learn from engagement with community members seeking to reappropriate their cultural records. The essay finishes by relating the issues outlined above to the articles presented in this issue, which provide perspectives from Australia and internationally regarding Indigenous cultural collections, with special reference to research-based collections of Indigenous music and dance.
Elusive Goths in northern Poland: Initial isotopic insights of the pre-Roman and Roman period populations from the Wielbark Culture cemetery in Malbork-Wielbark
Authors: Łuczkiewicz Piotr , Pospieszny Łukasz , Belka Zdzislaw , Łukasik Sylwia , Krenz-Niedbała Marta , Kuzioła Aneta , Kleemann Jörg
Published: June 2022

From 19 inhumation graves from the cemetery in Malbork-Wielbark (northern Poland) samples (teeth) were collected for the analysis of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in order to try to determine the origin of the subjects. The chronological range of the analyzed statistical sample covers about 300 years of over 600 years of necropolis history, i. e. the period from the end of the early pre-Roman period (phase A3 – the last decades BC) to the C1b phase of the Roman period (more or less the first half of the 3rd century AD). The results of the analysis indicate the local origin of the studied group, and at the same time constitute an interesting contribution to the discussion on the ethnic structure of the Wielbark culture.
A diachronic semantic map of the Optative negative in Beja (North-Cushitic)
Authors: Vanhove Martine
Published: June 2022

The Optative negative of Beja is a multifunctional paradigm which encodes optative, hortative and jussive grammatical meanings, depending on the person, as well as participant-internal and participant-external modalities of impossibility and unnecessity. It is also the sole paradigm licensed in balanced embedded clauses. Based on a large corpus of naturalistic first-hand data, this study analyses the various uses of the paradigm, provides an account of its evolution from the pre-modal stage to the post-modal stage on the basis of language internal morpho-syntactic cues, and proposes a diachronic semantic map, based on van der Auwera and Plungian (1998) model. It shows that semantic maps are not only useful for typological purposes, but also for language internal studies, helping understand the semantic shifts that occurred in the grammar of unwritten languages with no recorded history.
Correlation between structural, optical, and electrical properties of sol–gel-derived ZnO thin films
Authors:   Physics Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, KSA, Al Naim A. F. , Solieman A. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71542, Egypt, Shaaban E. R. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71542, Egypt
Published: June 2022

To study their structural, electrical, and optical properties, samples of Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited from zinc acetate dehydrate (ZAD) sol of different sol concentrations prepared by using sol–gel technology and spin coating process. After deposition, the deposited thin layers were cured at different sintering temperatures. The impact of changes in sol molarity and sintering temperature on the microstructure properties of the ZnO films was studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The microstructure results of grain orientation, crystallite size, lattice strain, and residual stress were measured for different sol concentrations and different sintering temperatures. From the optical measurements along wavelengths from 200 to 2200 nm, all ZnO thin films exhibited a very high transmittance (~90%) in the infrared and visible light range. At wavelengths of ultraviolet range (  400 nm) the value of transmittance decreased sharply owing to the high value of optical gap energy of ZnO thin layers. The estimated value of optical gap energy augmented from 3.24 eV to 3.55 eV when the solution molarity raised from 0.2 to 0.8 M, respectively. For ZnO thin films of 0.4 M concentration, the band-gap energy increased with an excess in the sintering temperature. The electrical resistivity of the ZnO film decreased with an augment in sol concentration from 0.2 to 0.4 M and its value increased by increasing the sol concentration. The lowest electrical resistivity was 22.0 Ω.cm, which was achieved after sintering 0.4 M ZnO film at 550°C for 1 h followed by annealing at 500°C in forming gas for 30 min. The variation of microstructural parameters was correlated strongly with the electrical and optical properties of the ZnO thin films. The relationship between the structural, optical and electrical parameters is discussed.