bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation and detection of aqueous atmospheric aerosol mimics
using supercritical fluid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Grace Daisy N. , Sebold Melissa B. , Galloway Melissa M.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric particles contain thousands of compounds with many different functional groups and a wide range of polarities. Typical separation methods for aqueous atmospheric systems include reverse-phase liquid chromatography or derivatization of the analytes of interest followed by gas chromatography. These methods can be time-consuming and do not easily separate highly polar aqueous molecules. This study uses supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry to separate the methylglyoxal-ammonium sulfate reaction mixture as a proxy for aqueous atmospheric aerosol mimics. Several column compositions, mobile phase modifiers, and column temperatures were examined to determine their effect on separation and the optimum conditions for separation in a minimal amount of time and sample preparation. Polar columns such as the Viridis UPC2 BEH column combined with a mobile phase gradient of carbon dioxide and methanol provided the best separation of compounds in the mixture. This separation method can be extended to analyze other aqueous atmospheric systems, including the mixtures of other aldehydes or organic acids with ammonium or small amines.
Multi-year effect of wetting on CH4 flux at taiga–tundra boundary in northeastern Siberia deduced from stable isotope ratios of CH4
Authors: Shingubara Ryo , Sugimoto Atsuko , Murase Jun , Iwahana Go , Tei Shunsuke , Liang Maochang , Takano Shinya , Morozumi Tomoki , Maximov Trofim C.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The response of CH4 emission from natural wetlands due to
meteorological conditions is important because of its strong greenhouse
effect. To understand the relationship between CH4 flux and
wetting, we observed interannual variations in chamber CH4 flux, as
well as the concentration, δ13C, and δD of
dissolved CH4 during the summer from 2009 to 2013 at the
taiga–tundra boundary in the vicinity of Chokurdakh (70∘37′ N,
147∘55′ E), located on the lowlands of the Indigirka River in
northeastern Siberia. We also conducted soil incubation experiments to
interpret δ13C and δD of dissolved CH4
and to investigate variations in CH4 production and oxidation
processes. Methane flux showed large interannual variations in wet areas of
sphagnum mosses and sedges
(36–140 mg CH4 m−2 day−1 emitted). Increased
CH4 emission was recorded in the summer of 2011 when a wetting
event with extreme precipitation occurred. Although water level decreased
from 2011 to 2013, CH4 emission remained relatively high in 2012,
and increased further in 2013. Thaw depth became deeper from 2011 to 2013,
which may partly explain the increase in CH4 emission. Moreover,
dissolved CH4 concentration rose sharply by 1 order of magnitude
from 2011 to 2012, and increased further from 2012 to 2013. Large variations
in δ13C and δD of dissolved CH4 were
observed in 2011, and smaller variations were seen in 2012 and 2013,
suggesting both enhancement of CH4 production and less significance
of CH4 oxidation relative to the larger pool of dissolved
CH4. These multi-year effects of wetting on CH4 dynamics
may have been caused by continued soil reduction across multiple years
following the wetting. Delayed activation of acetoclastic methanogenesis
following soil reduction could also have contributed to the enhancement of
CH4 production. These processes suggest that duration of water
saturation in the active layer can be important for predicting CH4
emission following a wetting event in the permafrost ecosystem.
A near-surface sea temperature time series from Trieste, north Adriatic
Sea (1899–2015)
Authors: Raicich Fabio , Colucci Renato R.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. A time series of near-surface sea temperature was built from observations performed in the harbour of Trieste from 14 July 1899 to 31 December 2015. The description of the observation sites and instruments was possible thanks to historical documents. The measurements compose two data set: The first consists of analogue data obtained by means of thermometers and thermographs, one or two times per day, in the periods 1899–1923 and 1934–2008; the second consists of digital records obtained by thermistors on hourly basis in the period 1986–2015. A quasi-homogeneous time series of daily temperatures at 2-m depth is formed from direct observations at that depth and from temperatures estimated from observations at shallower depths. From this time series a mean temperature rise rate of 1.1 ± 0.3 °C per century was estimated. The data are available through SEANOE (doi: https://doi.org/10.17882/58728).
Faulting patterns in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge potentially influence groundwater flow paths
Authors: Inbar Nimrod , Rosenthal Eliahu , Magri Fabien , Alraggad Marwan , Möller Peter , Flexer Akiva , Guttman Joseph , Siebert Christian
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Recent studies investigating groundwater parameters, e.g., heads,
chemical composition, and heat transfer, argued that groundwater flow paths
in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge (LYG) area are controlled by geological features
such as faults or dikes. However, the nature of such features, as well as
their exact locations, were so far unknown. In the present paper, we propose
a new fault pattern in the LYG area by compiling and revising geological and
geophysical data from the study area, including borehole information,
geological map cross sections, and seismic data from the southern Golan
Heights and northern Ajloun mountains. The presented pattern is composed of
strike–slip and thrust faults, which are associated with the Dead Sea
transform system and with the Kinnarot pull-apart basin. Compressional and
tensional structures developed in different places, forming a series of fault
blocks probably causing a non-uniform spatial hydraulic connection between
them. This study provides a coarse fault-block model and improved structural
constraints that serve as fundamental input for future hydrogeological
modeling which is a suggested solution for an enigmatic hydrological
situation concerning three riparian states (Syria, Jordan, and Israel) in a
water-scarce region. In areas of water scarcity and transboundary water
resources, transient 3-D flow simulations of the resource are the most
appropriate solution to understand reservoir behavior. This is an important
tool for the development of management strategies. However, those models must
be based on realistic geometry, including structural features. The study at
the LYG is intended to show the importance of such kinds of structural
investigations for providing the necessary database in geologically stressed
areas without sufficient data. Furthermore, during the hydrogeological
investigation, a mismatch with results of pull-apart basin rim fault
evolution studies was discovered. We argue that this mismatch may result from
the settings at the eastern rim of the basin as the en-echelon changes from
pull-apart basins (Dead Sea, Kinnarot, Hula) to a push-up ridge (Hermon).
Annual Characterization of Regional Hydrological Drought using
Auxiliary Information under Global Warming Scenario
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Hussain Ijaz , Faisal Muhammad
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Climate change and global warming scenario is likely to increase worsening drought across the World. Drought is a complex natural hazard, which is a composition of many factors such as hydrological, meteorological and agricultural. Accurate characterization of hydrological drought at regional level is challenging. Standardized Drought Indices (SDI) is commonly used method for drought characterization and monitoring. In this study, we proposed a hydrological drought index, which used improved monthly precipitation estimates under global warming scenario. As monthly precipitation records have significant role in regional drought characterization. Therefore, this research suggests auxiliary information as local weights to improve monthly precipitation records in terms of dependence characteristic of temperature with precipitation records under regression estimation settings. Consequently, we proposed a new method of hydrological drought assessment The Locally Weighted Standardized Precipitation Index (LWSDI). We assessed hydrological drought using LWSDI on 10 meteorological stations located in various climatological regions of Pakistan. We compared and evaluated performance of LWSDI with Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at 12-month time scale based on Pearson correlation. We found high positive correlation between the LWSDI and existing methods (SPI and SPEI). In summary, improved estimates of precipitation can strengthen drought monitoring system.
Deducting Success: Congressional Policy Goals and the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
Authors: Pieklik Stephen J. , Catanese Nathan S. , Omasta Cory C.
Published: February 2019

Deducting Success: Congressional Policy Goals and the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
Rethinking the Obvious: Choice of Entity After the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Authors: Hitt Leo N.
Published: February 2019

Rethinking the Obvious: Choice of Entity After the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Morphosyntactic encoding of information structure in Akan
Authors: Titov Elena
Published: February 2019

This paper investigates the interpretive and formal properties of the so-called focus construction in Akan. It argues that Akan has only one true morphological focus marker, namely na, whereas the marker de(ε) that has been analysed in the linguistic literature on Akan as a focus marker (Boadi 1974; Saah 1988; Boadi 1990; Saah 1994; Marfo and Bodomo 2005) is in fact a marker of contrastive topic. The proposed analysis relies on the idea that the Akan morphological markers na and de(ε) carry out exactly the same interpretive function as the falling and rising prosodic markers, respectively, found in intonation languages. It is shown that a number of controversies associated with Akan information-structural marking can be accounted for by assuming a certain parallelism with intonation languages. It is demonstrated that particular types of information-structural partitioning are cross-linguistically encoded via a marked strategy, with the parametric variation resulting from the difference in the choice of the linguistic tool – syntactic, morphological or prosodic – used to create a marked representation.
Perturbing the community grammar: Individual differences and community-level constraints on sociolinguistic variation
Authors: MacKenzie Laurel
Published: February 2019

The traditional focus of variationist sociolinguistic research is the patterning of language variation at the level of the community, which individual language users are said to learn and reproduce (Labov 1972; 2012). In this paper, I observe that, although members of a speech community may all have learned the same grammar of a sociolinguistic variable, they may nonetheless produce that variable in ways which obscure this. This “perturbation,” I argue, is epiphenomenal, stemming from at least two possible sources: individual differences in mental representations, and individual differences in speech production planning. Moreover, I demonstrate that these differences are not only inter-individual; they can also be intra-individual, such that speakers may undergo age-grading which disrupts their patterning of a variable from how they previously produced it. I ask whether these individual differences may give rise to changes in constraints in the same way that individual differences can lead to sound change. The paper concludes with a call for more research that integrates sociolinguistic, formal, and psycholinguistic approaches to the study of language variation and change.
UN ACERCAMIENTO EMPÍRICO A LA CURVA DE PHILLIPS: HONDURAS
Authors: Zuniga Figueroa Pedro , Ordoñez Portillo Victor
Published: February 2019

El debate sobre la relación entre inflación y desempleo sigue vigente, en la presente investigación se aborda esta temática en primera instancia de manera teórica y consecuentemente de forma empírica considerando la determinación de una tasa natural de desempleo y una correlación estadística para el periodo de tiempo estudiado.
La Acción de Amparo en Honduras, Visión hacía una Protección Judicial Efectiva
Authors: Cantor Rosales Mauricio José
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo principia realizando un análisis, descripción y explicación de la evolución normativa de uno de nuestros mecanismos de protección judicial, a saber, la acción de amparo, ello con el objetivo de identificar los obstáculos jurídicos que se han presentado a lo largo del desarrollo histórico de nuestro mecanismo de protección constitucional, para así precisar los motivos por los cuales la justicia constitucional se ha visto limitada en la transición de las diversas leyes que han regulado el juicio de Amparo.Asimismo, se describen los estándares internacionales fijados por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en materia de protección judicial, ello con el propósito de individualizar problemas jurídico – normativos presentes en la legislación vigente de amparo que condicionan la dignidad humana a la luz del  principio pro homine de protección a los derechos humanos, todo lo anterior para brindar una perspectiva real de la necesidad de modernizar nuestra normativa reguladora de esta garantía constitucional y ofrecer una tutela judicial efectiva para la defensa de los derechos humanos y derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos.
Effects of Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) Approach and Language Assessment on Students’ Competences in Intensive Reading Course
Authors: Chen Shijun , Wang Jing
Published: February 2019

Task-based language teaching on the purpose of enhancing students’ communicative skills and involving them actively in the authentic context has long been highlighted in recent years in tertiary English language teaching. This paper proposes a framework of task-based teaching approach and language assessment in intensive reading class based on the researcher’s own teaching practice to explore positive impacts on students’ competences. This is done in the context of both oral presentation and written reports of first undergraduate English major students. The research method consists of semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire with 18 questions pointing to different aspects in the learning and teaching processes, aiming to explore what impacts it has on students’ competence in both second language acquisition and at cognitive level. In this empirical study, all the findings indicate that TBLT applied in Chinese English teaching class is very effective and beneficial for the enhancement of Chinese English learners.
Primary Teachers Knowledge of Quadrilaterals
Authors: Gokbulut Yasin , Sen Mustafa
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to reveal primary teachers knowledge of the quadrilaterals about the concept of quadrilaterals by examining the definitions of the quadrilaterals. A total of four primary teachers, 1 female and 3 male teachers, participated in the study which determined by maximum diversity sampling. The data collection tool consisted of four open-ended questionnaires, which were not based on mathematical procedural knowledge of the teachers and aims to reveal the subject matter knowledge of quadrilaterals. The first question is about the definition of the quadrilaterals (square, rectangle, trapezoid, parallelogram, rhombus and deltoid), the second question is the determination of the characteristics of the quadrilaterals, the 3rd question is the comparison of the characteristics of the quadrilaterals and the 4th question is about related to the nomenclature of the quadrilaterals. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis method (Zazkis & Leikin, 2008). As a result of analyzes, it was seen that the subject area information of the participants was insufficient. In order to be successful in the teaching of geometry, the in-service training activities should be organized in order to eliminate the deficiencies in the subject matter knowledge and the necessity of reviewing the mathematics courses they took at the university, which can be corrected first, in the context of the content.
In Process Quality Control Factors Affecting Potency of Fowl Cholera Vaccine
Authors: Mehmood Muhammad Danish , Qazi Mahmood Hussian , Muhammad Khushi , Amin Faisal , Anwar Huma , Ismail Muhammad
Published: February 2019

Fowl cholera (FC) is one of the respiratory syndromes of commercial layer, breeder and broiler farms in Pakistan. The disease is mainly controlled by vaccination. In the present study, effect of “in process quality control” factors such as amount of immunogen, chemical nature of adjuvant, fractions of bacterial culture and its storage on potency of the vaccine was investigated. Immunogen amount (1011CFU/ml) induced serum anti-Pasteurella multocida ELISA (anti-PM-ELISA) antibody titer in the vaccinated birds on 32 days post vaccination that was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of 109 and 1010CFU/ml. Montanide based whole culture vaccine induced better antibody response as compare to aluminum hydroxide gel. Washed culture of P. multocida (bacterial sediment) induced significantly higher anti-PM-ELISA antibody titer as compared to the vaccine prepared from purified LPS or whole culture vaccine (p<0.05). Storage of oil based FC vaccine at refrigerated temperature for six months did not affect its immunogenicity.

It is concluded that amount of immunogen, chemical nature of adjuvant, freeing of bacterial culture from LPS and media components and maintenance of cold chain are in process quality control factors affecting potency of the vaccine.
Gestão de projetos públicos no Governo Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte: análise de escritórios de projetos e contratos de gestão
Authors: Moura Jéssica Morais de , Nobre Anna Cláudia dos Santos , Nogueira Gustavo Maurício Filgueiras
Published: February 2019

Uma das alternativas que vem sendo adotada pelos governos estaduais brasileiros na busca de alternativas para enfrentar a crise e otimizar seus processos de planejamento, monitoramento e avaliação, é a instituição de modelos baseados em gestão de projetos com foco no cumprimento de metas. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o modelo adotado pelo Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, relatando a experiência na implantação de Escritórios de Projetos e na celebração de Contratos de Gestão para pactuação de metas. Adota-se a abordagem metodológica do estudo de caso, apresentando os resultados de levantamento com Escritórios Setoriais de Projeto do RN, que obteve a percepção de quarenta e seis respondentes acerca da implementação desse novo modelo de gestão para resultados no RN. Além disso, foram realizadas análises qualitativas com a equipe do Escritório Central de Projeto, sistematizando a atuação durante o exercício 2017. Os resultados dos dados apontam elementos importantes a serem seguidos na implementação de uma rotina de monitoramento estratégico e na atuação dos Escritórios de Projetos, constituindo-se num banco de lições aprendidas para os entes governamentais que buscam melhorar as suas entregas e gerar valor público.
Fatores críticos de sucesso na gestão de projetos: Análise dos indicadores que constituem os predecessores da estratégia, pessoas e operações
Authors: Oliveira Ronielton Rezende , Cruz José Elenilson , Oliveira Roniton Rezende
Published: February 2019

Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) representam práticas que, quando bem executadas, contribuem para aumentar as probabilidades de êxito de qualquer atividade. Na gestão de projetos podem ser utilizados para acompanhamento dos projetos, tomada de decisão e avaliação de desempenho. O estudo de abordagem quantitativa e natureza descritiva, através de survey aplicada em 115 profissionais envolvidos na gestão de projetos, identifica, dentre os indicadores utilizados para mensurar os construtos estratégia, pessoas e operações, aqueles FCS que são mais importantes para explicar o desempenho do Project Management Office, para, então, com base na relação importância-desempenho discutir os fatores que correspondem a FCS no que se refere a gestão de projetos. A pesquisa utilizou a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling e o Importance-Performance Map Analysis. Os resultados mostram que a estratégia é o preditor mais importante e seus principais FCS são a metodologia de gerenciamento de projetos, a estrutura organizacional, o alinhamento de intenções e a viabilidade econômico-financeira. Nas operações, os principais FCS são a estabilidade do ambiente de projetos sobre o gerenciamento de riscos, o sistema de gestão da qualidade, as métricas de desempenho, as auditorias e verificações das entregas e a comunicação com as partes interessadas. Para as pessoas, os principais FCS são a aquisição de competências em gestão de projetos e o treinamento dos recursos humanos, ambos na perspectiva de disseminação do conhecimento vinculado as boas práticas, metodologias, ferramentas e técnicas que favorecem a execução dos projetos.
Von der 'Polizei der Demokratie' zum 'Glied und Werkzeug der nationalsozialistischen Gemeinschaft'
Authors: Vera Antonio
Published: February 2019

Interwar Germany represents a highly interesting period from the perspective of police history. This book focuses on the German police force as an instrument of state authority and analyses its role, function and importance in interwar Germany based on the articles published between 1918 and 1939 in the journal ‘Die Polizei’. It reveals that the failure of the Weimar police as an instrument of state authority contributed significantly to the rise of National Socialism and the destruction of the Weimar Republic. After the Nazi takeover, the German police rapidly became a loyal and highly effective instrument of rule for the regime. Hence, the German police in the Third Reich blatantly failed in moral terms, but not as an instrument of state authority.
THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF MIXTURE BASED ON METAKAOLIN FOR LTA ZEOLITE SYNTHE-SIS: EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT
Authors: Khramtsova Aleksandra P. , Prokof’ev Valery Yu. , Gordina Natalya E. , Cherednikova Darya S. , Konstantinova Ekaterina M.
Published: February 2019

A study of the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the kinetics of solid-phase interaction of metakaolin with the sodium hydroxide was performed. Reflections corresponding to the zeolite LTA were observed on X-ray patterns according to phase analysis before calcination at 500 °C for the sample without pre-treatment. The appearance of a new phase of sodium alumosilicate (Na6Al4Si4O17) was observed with increasing temperature to 700 °C. The reflections of sodium aluminosilicate (Na8Al4Si4O18) and nepheline were detected on the X-ray pattern when the temperature calcination 800 °C besides to the characteristic reflections of the zeolite. Aluminosilicates were obtained by recrystallization of the zeolite partisles. Also the process was accompanied by metakaolin decomposition in silica and mullite. Reflections corresponding to the zeolite was not discovered at 900 °C. According to the X-ray analysis, it was found that ultrasonic treatment has no effect on the phase composition of the samples. Based on these data, it was determined the temperature range (500-800 °C). There was recrystallization of zeolite in aluminosilicates for this temperature range. According to the thermal analysis, especially the data of mass loss in a given temperature interval, the exact temperature ranges were established for each heating rate of the samples without pre-treatment and the samples after ultrasonic treatment. The Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method was selected as an isoconversional analysis. The monotonous growth of apparent activation energy was found in all range of conversion degrees after ultrasonic treatment. This allows smoothing the change in the transitional regime (up to 200 kJ / mol) to kinetic one. The apparent activation energy for the sample without ultrasonic treatment gone approximately at one level (350 kJ/mol) upon reaching the conversion degree of 0.5-0.6. The apparent activation energy increases after ultrasonic treatment from 350 to 450 kJ/mol upon reaching the conversion degree above 0.9.
SYNTHESIS OF SPATIALLY-HINDERED METHYLCYCLOALKYLPHENOLS AND SOME PECULIARITIES OF THEIR AMINOMETHYLATION REACTIONS BY AMINOETHYLNONYLIMIDAZOLINE
Authors: Agamaliyev Zaur Z. , Abbasov Vagif M. , Rasulov Chingiz K. , Nazarov Igrar G. , Rzaeva Nigar Sh. , Naghiyeva Mehriban V.
Published: February 2019

The paper deals with the results of cycloalkylation of phenol with 1-methylcyclopentene, 1(3)-methylcyclohexene in the presence of aluminum phenolate catalyst and influence of various parameters on the yield of the target product. The reaction temperature was varied from 220 to 280 °C, the reaction time - from 1 to 7 h, molar ratio of phenol to cyclene – from 1:1 to 1:3 mol/mol, the catalyst amount – from 10 to 25%. Maximum yield of 2,6-di[1(3)-methylcycloalkyl]phenols is obtained under the following conditions: temperature - 260-280 °C, duration - 5-6 h, molar ratio of phenol to 1(3)-methylcycloalkene - 1:2 mol/mol and the catalyst amount is 20% based on taken phenol. Simultaneously, the yield of the target products - 2,6-di-[1(3)-methylcycloalkyl] phenols is 44.3-47.1% per taken phenol, the selectivity is 67.4 71.2% on the target product. The structure of the synthesized products was determined by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The IR spectra of the samples were recorded on the ALPHA IR Fourier spectrometer (BRUKER company, Germany) in the wave number range of 600–4000 cm-1. The 1H NMR spectra were recorded on the Bruker-300 instrument (Germany) at room temperature of CCl4 with an internal standard, tetramethylsiloxane. As a result of the chromatographic studies of the products of phenol cycloalkylation with 1(3)-methylcycloalkenes in the presence of aluminum phenolate catalyst it became clear that the alkylate mainly contains 2,6-dicycloalkyl-substituted phenols (87.4-92.3%). After rectification of the alkylate at low pressure (20 mm Hg), the target products were obtained with a purity of 96.7-98.1% and their physico-chemical properties were determined. The resulting 2,6-di-[1(3)-methylcycloalkyl]phenols were aminomethylated by formaldehyde and aminoethylnonylimidazoline at the ratio of 1:2:2. From theoretical point of view, Mannich bases were obtained with yield of 65.7-71.7% by the interaction of 2,6-di-[1(3)-methylcycloalkyl]phenols with formaldehyde and aminoethylnonyl imidazoline. Physico-chemical properties of synthesized 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-[1(3)-methylcycloalkyl]benzylaminoethylnonylimidazolines were determined.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF BINARY QUERCETIN–MONOSACCHARIDE MIXTURES IN THE RE-ACTION WITH FREE RADICALS
Authors: Belaya Natal'ya I. , Belyi Aleksandr V. , Tikhonova Galina A. , Udalov Yaroslav S. , Andriyenko Galina O.
Published: February 2019

The presence of a synergistic effect of binary mixtures of quercetin–monosaccharide in the model reaction with the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical in deoxygenated ethanol was established. It was shown that the studied carbohydrates related to the tetrose, pentose and hexose groups exhibit a synergistic effect to some extent enhancing the anti-radical effect of quercetin. The synergistic effect of the mixture is determined by the number of hydroxyl substituents and by the presence of aldehyde or ketone groups in carbohydrate molecules. The synergistic compositions of quercetin with glucose and galactose in the ratio of 60:40% showed the highest antiradical activity. The maximum synergistic effect of the mixture is 75%.  It is achieved due to the fact that, firstly, when dissolved in water, quercetin transforms into a tautomeric diketo form where hydrogen bonds form between its carbonyl groups and hydroxy groups of the monosaccharide, promoting the formation of molecular complexes, improving solubility of flavonoid in water and the manifestation of a synergistic effect in a mixture with carbohydrate. Secondly, reducing carbohydrates are able to restore oxidized forms of quercetin, which is confirmed by the great synergistic effect of aldose in comparison with ketoses, regardless of the number of hydroxy groups in the molecule. The synergistic effect of the quercetin–monosaccharide compositions, established in a model reaction with a hydrazyl radical, was compared to that in the autoxidation process of cottonseed oil. In the reaction with the peroxy radicals of cottonseed oil, the synergistic effect of the quercetin monosaccharide compositions increases up to 300% only for sugars capable of reducing quercetin radicals and reacting with air oxygen, reducing the steady-state concentration of peroxy radicals in the system.
INFLUENCE OF X-RAY AND MICROWAVE RADIATION ON DEAMINATION OF PURINE NUCLEOTIDES IN YEAST CELLS CANDIDA GUILLIERMONDII NP-4
Authors: Marutyan Seda V. , Petrosyan Gayane H. , Marutyan Syuzan A. , Navasardyan Liparit A. , Trchounian Armen H.
Published: February 2019

In metabolism of living cells a key role play purine nucleotides which cells can be supplied either by de novo synthesis from lower molecular weight precursors, or by alternate ways of nucleotide synthesis or so-called "nucleotide salvage pathways", which allow reusing of intermediate products of nucleotide metabolism in nucleotide synthesis. This way is important in the post-stress repair period, saving energy and substrates in the repairing cells. Purine nucleotides are allosteric inhibitors of enzymes of nucleotide salvage pathways, therefore the increase in their catabolism leads to a decrease of their amount in the cells, which contributes to the intensive work of the nucleotide salvage pathways and provides substrates for DNA synthesis. Investigation of deamination of purine nucleotides in yeasts Candida guilliermondii NP-4 irradiated with X-rays, millimeter and decimeter electromagnetic waves, as well as after post-radiation incubation of cells has been realized. It has been shown that under the influence of X-ray and microwave irradiation in yeasts, the intensity of deamination of purine nucleotide-polyphosphates - ADP, ATP, GDF and GTP, has changed, which in all probability is an adaptive mechanism in the repair of yeasts after irradiation, provides the work of nucleotide salvage pathways, and can be associated with the metabolism of these compounds.
The Coloniality of Migration and the “Refugee Crisis”: On the Asylum-Migration Nexus, the Transatlantic White European Settler Colonialism-Migration and Racial Capitalism
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodríguez Encarnación
Published: February 2019

This article departs from the discussion by Stephen Castles on the migration-asylum nexus by focusing on the political and cultural effects of the summer of immigration in 2015. It argues for a conceptualization of the asylum-migration nexus within the framework of Anibal Quijano’s “coloniality of power” by developing the analytical framework of the “coloniality of migration.” Through the analytical framework of the “coloniality of migration” the connection between racial capitalism and the asylum-migration nexus is explored. It does so by first focusing on the economic and political links between asylum and migration, and how both constitute each other. On these grounds, it discusses how asylum and migration policies produce hierarchical categories of migrants and refugees, producing a nomenclature drawing on an imaginary reminiscent of the orientalist and racialized practices of European colonialism and imperialism. In a second step, it focuses on migration and asylum policies as inherent to a logic of racialization of the workforce. It does so by first exploring the racial coding of immigration policies within the context of settler colonial-ism and transatlantic White European migration to the Américas and Oceania in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and second, by discussing migration policies in post-1945 Western Europe.
Twenty steps towards an adequate inferential interpretation of p-values
Authors: Hirschauer Norbert , Grüner Sven , Mußhoff Oliver , Becker Claudia
Published: February 2019

We suggest twenty immediately actionable steps to reduce widespread inferential errors related to “statistical significance testing.” Our propositions refer first to the theoretical preconditions for using p-values. They furthermore include wording guidelines as well as structural and operative advice on how to present results, especially in research based on multiple regression analysis, the working horse of empirical economists. Our propositions aim at fostering the logical consistency of inferential arguments by avoiding false categorical reasoning. They are not aimed at dispensing with p-values or completely replacing frequentist approaches by Bayesian statistics.
LncEGFL7OS regulates human angiogenesis by interacting with MAX at the EGFL7/miR-126 locus
Authors: Zhou Qinbo , Yu Bo , Anderson Chastain , Huang Zhan-Peng , Hanus Jakub , Zhang Wensheng , Han Yu , Bhattacharjee Partha S , Srinivasan Sathish , Zhang Kun , Wang Da-zhi , Wang Shusheng
Published: February 2019

In an effort to identify human endothelial cell (EC)-enriched lncRNAs,~500 lncRNAs were shown to be highly restricted in primary human ECs. Among them, lncEGFL7OS, located in the opposite strand of the EGFL7/miR-126 gene, is regulated by ETS factors through a bidirectional promoter in ECs. It is enriched in highly vascularized human tissues, and upregulated in the hearts of dilated cardiomyopathy patients. LncEGFL7OS silencing impairs angiogenesis as shown by EC/fibroblast co-culture, in vitro/in vivo and ex vivo human choroid sprouting angiogenesis assays, while lncEGFL7OS overexpression has the opposite function. Mechanistically, lncEGFL7OS is required for MAPK and AKT pathway activation by regulating EGFL7/miR-126 expression. MAX protein was identified as a lncEGFL7OS-interacting protein that functions to regulate histone acetylation in the EGFL7/miR-126 promoter/enhancer. CRISPR-mediated targeting of EGLF7/miR-126/lncEGFL7OS locus inhibits angiogenesis, inciting therapeutic potential of targeting this locus. Our study establishes lncEGFL7OS as a human/primate-specific EC-restricted lncRNA critical for human angiogenesis.
A causal role for the precuneus in network-wide theta and gamma oscillatory activity during complex memory retrieval
Authors: Hebscher Melissa , Meltzer Jed A , Gilboa Asaf
Published: February 2019

Complex memory of personal events is thought to depend on coordinated reinstatement of cortical representations by the medial temporal lobes (MTL). MTL-cortical theta and gamma coupling is believed to mediate such coordination, but which cortical structures are critical for retrieval and how they influence oscillatory coupling is unclear. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) combined with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to (i) clarify the roles of theta and gamma oscillations in network-wide communication during naturalistic memory retrieval, and (ii) understand the causal relationship between cortical network nodes and oscillatory communication. Retrieval was associated with MTL-posterior neocortical theta phase coupling and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling relative to a rest period. Precuneus cTBS altered MTL-neocortical communication by modulating theta and gamma oscillatory coupling. These findings provide a mechanistic account for MTL-cortical communication and demonstrate that the precuneus is a critical cortical node of oscillatory activity, coordinating cross-regional interactions that drive remembering.
Human VPS13A is associated with multiple organelles and influences mitochondrial morphology and lipid droplet motility
Authors: Yeshaw Wondwossen M , van der Zwaag Marianne , Pinto Francesco , Lahaye Liza L , Faber Anita IE , Gómez-Sánchez Rubén , Dolga Amalia M , Poland Conor , Monaco Anthony P , van IJzendoorn Sven CD , Grzeschik Nicola A , Velayos-Baeza Antonio , Sibon Ody CM
Published: February 2019

The VPS13A gene is associated with the neurodegenerative disorder Chorea Acanthocytosis. It is unknown what the consequences are of impaired function of VPS13A at the subcellular level. We demonstrate that VPS13A is a peripheral membrane protein, associated with mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. VPS13A is localized at sites where the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are in close contact. VPS13A interacts with the ER residing protein VAP-A via its FFAT domain. Interaction with mitochondria is mediated via its C-terminal domain. In VPS13A-depleted cells, ER-mitochondria contact sites are decreased, mitochondria are fragmented and mitophagy is decreased. VPS13A also localizes to lipid droplets and affects lipid droplet motility. In VPS13A-depleted mammalian cells lipid droplet numbers are increased. Our data, together with recently published data from others, indicate that VPS13A is required for establishing membrane contact sites between various organelles to enable lipid transfer required for mitochondria and lipid droplet related processes.
The modular mechanism of chromocenter formation in Drosophila
Authors: Jagannathan Madhav , Cummings Ryan , Yamashita Yukiko M
Published: February 2019

A central principle underlying the ubiquity and abundance of pericentromeric satellite DNA repeats in eukaryotes has remained poorly understood. Previously we proposed that the interchromosomal clustering of satellite DNAs into nuclear structures known as chromocenters ensures encapsulation of all chromosomes into a single nucleus (Jagannathan et al., 2018). Chromocenter disruption led to micronuclei formation, resulting in cell death. Here we show that chromocenter formation is mediated by a ‘modular’ network, where associations between two sequence-specific satellite DNA-binding proteins, D1 and Prod, bound to their cognate satellite DNAs, bring the full complement of chromosomes into the chromocenter. D1 prod double mutants die during embryogenesis, exhibiting enhanced phenotypes associated with chromocenter disruption, revealing the universal importance of satellite DNAs and chromocenters. Taken together, we propose that associations between chromocenter modules, consisting of satellite DNA binding proteins and their cognate satellite DNA, package the Drosophila genome within a single nucleus.
Engineering of CHO cells for the production of vertebrate recombinant sialyltransferases
Authors: Houeix Benoit , Cairns Michael T.
Published: February 2019

Background

Sialyltransferases (SIATs) are a family of enzymes that transfer sialic acid (Sia) to glycan chains on glycoproteins, glycolipids, and oligosaccharides. They play key roles in determining cell–cell and cell-matrix interactions and are important in neuronal development, immune regulation, protein stability and clearance. Most fully characterized SIATs are of mammalian origin and these have been used for in vitro and in vivo modification of glycans. Additional versatility could be achieved by the use of animal SIATs from other species that live in much more variable environments. Our aim was to generate a panel of stable CHO cell lines expressing a range of vertebrate SIATs with different physicochemical and functional properties.

Methods

The soluble forms of various animal ST6Gal and ST3Gal enzymes were stably expressed from a Gateway-modified secretion vector in CHO cells. The secreted proteins were IMAC-purified from serum-free media. Functionality of the protein was initially assessed by lectin binding to the host CHO cells. Activity of purified proteins was determined by a number of approaches that included a phosphate-linked sialyltransferase assay, HILIC-HPLC identification of sialyllactose products and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA).

Results

A range of sialyltransferase from mammals, birds and fish were stably expressed in CHO Flp-In cells. The stable cell lines expressing ST6Gal1 modify the glycans on the surface of the CHO cells as detected by fluorescently labelled lectin microscopy. The catalytic domains, as isolated by Ni Sepharose from culture media, have enzymatic activities comparable to commercial enzymes. Sialyllactoses were identified by HILIC-HPLC on incubation of the enzymes from lactose or whey permeate. The enzymes also increased SNA-I labelling of asialofetuin when incubated in a plate format.

Conclusion

Stable cell lines are available that may provide options for the in vivo sialylation of glycoproteins. Proteins are active and should display a variety of biological and physicochemical properties based on the animal source of the enzyme.
Potential ecotoxicological effects of antimicrobial surface coatings: a literature survey backed up by analysis of market reports
Authors: Rosenberg Merilin , Ilić Krunoslav , Juganson Katre , Ivask Angela , Ahonen Merja , Vinković Vrček Ivana , Kahru Anne
Published: February 2019

This review was initiated by the COST action CA15114 AMICI “Anti-Microbial Coating Innovations to prevent infectious diseases,” where one important aspect is to analyze ecotoxicological impacts of antimicrobial coatings (AMCs) to ensure their sustainable use. Scopus database was used to collect scientific literature on the types and uses of AMCs, while market reports were used to collect data on production volumes. Special attention was paid on data obtained for the release of the most prevalent ingredients of AMCs into the aqueous phase that was used as the proxy for their possible ecotoxicological effects. Based on the critical analysis of 2,720 papers, it can be concluded that silver-based AMCs are by far the most studied and used coatings followed by those based on titanium, copper, zinc, chitosan and quaternary ammonium compounds. The literature analysis pointed to biomedicine, followed by marine industry, construction industry (paints), food industry and textiles as the main fields of application of AMCs. The published data on ecotoxicological effects of AMCs was scarce, and also only a small number of the papers provided information on release of antimicrobial ingredients from AMCs. The available release data allowed to conclude that silver, copper and zinc are often released in substantial amounts (up to 100%) from the coatings to the aqueous environment. Chitosan and titanium were mostly not used as active released ingredients in AMCs, but rather as carriers for other release-based antimicrobial ingredients (e.g., conventional antibiotics). While minimizing the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections appeared to be the most prosperous field of AMCs application, the release of environmentally hazardous ingredients of AMCs into hospital wastewaters and thus, also the environmental risks associated with AMCs, comprise currently only a fraction of the release and risks of traditional disinfectants. However, being proactive, while the use of antimicrobial/antifouling coatings could currently pose ecotoxicological effects mainly in marine applications, the broad use of AMCs in other applications like medicine, food packaging and textiles should be postponed until reaching evidences on the (i) profound efficiency of these materials in controlling the spread of pathogenic microbes and (ii) safety of AMCs for the human and ecosystems.
Tracking reveals behavioural coordination driven by environmental constraints in the Black‐vented Shearwater Puffinus opisthomelas
Authors: Soldatini Cecilia , Albores‐Barajas Yuri V. , Ramos‐Rodriguez Alejandro , Munguia‐Vega Adrian , González‐Rodríguez Eduardo , Catoni Carlo , Dell'Omo Giacomo
Published: February 2019

During the breeding season, seabird foraging trips are constrained by nest attendance schedule and are necessarily colony centred. Oceanographic cues play a major role in the choice of foraging areas to minimize the time spent away from the nest. Here, we analysed the foraging tracks of Black‐vented Shearwaters Puffinus opisthomelas during the incubation and chick‐rearing periods of 2016 and 2017 at Isla Natividad (Mexico). We applied expectation‐maximization binary clustering to track data to clusterize different behaviour patterns during foraging flights. We then applied binary generalized linear mixed models to characterize of foraging areas based on of environmental variables. We finally used kernel estimation techniques to describe main foraging areas. In 2016, breeding shearwaters used two core areas for foraging and resting on the water; the core area delineated by males was located northward from the colony in the Vizcaino Bay and the core area for females was located southward from the colony at the entrance of San Ignacio Lagoon. In 2017, males and females used the same areas with no evident segregation. Our study provided the first information on Black‐vented Shearwater foraging areas during the breeding season and indicated that sexual segregation within coastal waters off the central Baja California Peninsula might be a foraging strategy during years of warmer ocean, likely less productive regimes. Factors including ocean‐climate‐mediated sexual segregation at sea, leading to interannual variation in foraging areas, should be considered when evaluating management actions intended to protect critical foraging habitats for Black‐vented Shearwaters.
Timing of Abatacept Before Elective Arthroplasty and Risk of Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: George Michael D. , Baker Joshua F. , Winthrop Kevin , Alemao Evo , Chen Lang , Connolly Sean , Hsu Jesse Y. , Simon Teresa A. , Wu Qufei , Xie Fenglong , Yang Shuo , Curtis Jeffrey R.
Published: February 2019

Objective

Guidelines recommend withholding biologic therapies before hip and knee arthroplasty, yet evidence to inform optimal timing is limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether withholding abatacept infusions is associated with lower risk of adverse postoperative outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study, which used US Medicare and Truven MarketScan administrative data from January 2006 to September 2015, evaluated adults with rheumatoid arthritis who received intravenous abatacept (precisely dated in claims data) within 6 months of elective primary or revision hip or knee arthroplasty. Propensity weighted analyses using inverse probability weights compared the risk of 30‐day hospitalized infection and 1‐year prosthetic joint infection (PJI) between patients with different abatacept stop timing (time between last infusion and surgery). Secondary analyses evaluated nonurinary hospitalized infections and 30‐day readmissions.

Results

After 1,939 surgeries among 1,780 patients, there were 175 hospitalized infections (9.0%), 115 nonurinary hospitalized infections (5.9%), 39 PJIs (2.4/100 person‐years), and 114/1,815 30‐day readmissions (6.3%). There were no significant differences in outcomes with abatacept stop timing <4 weeks (1 dosing interval) versus 4–8 weeks (hospitalized infection odds ratio [OR] 0.93 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.65–1.34]; nonurinary hospitalized infection OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.60–1.44]; PJI hazard ratio 1.29 [95% CI 0.62–2.69]; 30‐day readmission OR 1.00 [95% CI 0.65–1.54]). Similarly, there were no significant differences in outcomes with abatacept stop timing <4 weeks versus ≥8 weeks. Glucocorticoid use >7.5 mg/day was associated with greater risk of hospitalized infection (OR 2.19 [95% CI 1.28–3.77]) and nonurinary hospitalized infection (OR 2.38 [95% CI 1.22–4.64]).

Conclusion

Compared to continuing intravenous abatacept, withholding abatacept for ≥4 weeks (one dosing interval) before surgery was not associated with a lower risk of hospitalized infection, nonurinary hospitalized infection, PJI, or 30‐day readmission.