bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying reaction kinetics of the non-enzymatic decarboxylation of pyruvate and production of peroxymonocarbonate with hyperpolarized13C-NMR
Authors: Drachman Nicholas , Kadlecek Stephen , Duncan Ian , Rizi Rahim
Published: July 2017

Hyperpolarized13C-NMR is used to study the reaction mechanism and kinetics for non-enzymatic decarboxylation of pyruvate and formation of peroxymonocarbonate.
Li-ion diffusion in Li intercalated graphite C6Li and C12Li probed by μ+SR
Authors: Umegaki Izumi , Kawauchi Shigehiro , Sawada Hiroshi , Nozaki Hiroshi , Higuchi Yuki , Miwa Kazutoshi , Kondo Yasuhito , Månsson Martin , Telling Mark , Coomer Fiona C. , Cottrell Stephen P. , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Sugiyama Jun
Published: July 2017

We have demonstrated that a local magnetic probe, μ+SR, provides a self diffusion coefficient of Li in Li intercalated graphites.
Sequentially surface modified hematite enables lower applied bias photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Tamirat Andebet Gedamu , Dubale Amare Aregahegn , Su Wei-Nien , Chen Hung-Ming , Hwang Bing-Joe
Published: July 2017

We achieve a low onset potential of 0.49 V using heavily doped Fe2−xSnxO3surface passivation layer and NiOOH dual surface treatments.
The mechanism of roughness-induced CO2microbubble nucleation in polypropylene foaming
Authors: Wang Linyan , Zhang Wei , Wang Xiangdong , Mi Jianguo , Ma Jingjun , Du Zhongjie
Published: July 2017

A comprehensive mechanistic explanation of roughness-induced CO2microbubble nucleation in polypropylene foaming.
CO diffusion as a re-orientation mechanism in the NaY zeolite
Authors: Rybakov A. A. , Larin A. V. , Vercauteren D. P.
Published: July 2017

Our work is devoted to DFT calculations of the relative rotational and diffusional barriers for CO motions in zeolite NaY.
Molecular engineering of lanthanide ion chelating phospholipids generating assemblies with a switched magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Isabettini Stéphane , Massabni Sarah , Hodzic Arnel , Durovic Dzana , Kohlbrecher Joachim , Ishikawa Takashi , Fischer Peter , Windhab Erich J. , Walde Peter , Kuster Simon
Published: July 2017

Molecular engineering of lanthanide ion chelating phospholipids generating novel polymolecular assemblies with a switched magnetic susceptibility Δχand alignment direction.
Modeling electrochromic poly-dioxythiophene-containing materials through TDDFT
Authors: Wheeler D. L. , Rainwater L. E. , Green A. R. , Tomlinson A. L.
Published: July 2017

Here we report the first colormetric model using mPW1PBE/cc-PVDZ with CPCM to predict the chemical properties of three electrochromic polymers in which the largest UV-Vis absolute peak maximum difference when compared to experiment was 14 nm.
From dynamic self-assembly to networked chemical systems
Authors: Grzybowski Bartosz A. , Fitzner Krzysztof , Paczesny Jan , Granick Steve
Published: July 2017

Structures self-assembled away from thermodynamic equilibrium can control the flux of matter and energy within larger, networked chemical systems.
Chemical functionalization and characterization of graphene-based materials
Authors: Bottari Giovanni , Herranz Ma Ángeles , Wibmer Leonie , Volland Michel , Rodríguez-Pérez Laura , Guldi Dirk M. , Hirsch Andreas , Martín Nazario , D'Souza Francis , Torres Tomás
Published: July 2017

This review offers an overview on the chemical functionalization, characterization and applications of graphene-based materials.
Implications of peptide assemblies in amyloid diseases
Authors: Ke Pu Chun , Sani Marc-Antonie , Ding Feng , Kakinen Aleksandr , Javed Ibrahim , Separovic Frances , Davis Thomas P. , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: July 2017

We highlight the role of molecular self-assembly in eliciting the mesoscopic and pathological properties of amyloid proteins. This knowledge is pivotal for the development of theranostics against amyloid diseases.
Half-sandwich iron(ii) complexes with protic acyclic diaminocarbene ligands: synthesis, deprotonation and metalation reactions
Authors: Ruiz Javier , García Lucía , Vivanco Marilín , Sol Daniel , García-Granda Santiago
Published: July 2017

The diprotic nature of diaminocarbene ligands in half-sandwich iron(ii) complexes allows for easy metalation reactions to afford metalla-N-heterocyclic carbene derivatives.
Blend configuration in functional polymeric materials with a high lignin content
Authors: Wang Yun-Yan , Chen Yi-ru , Sarkanen Simo
Published: July 2017

Lignins upgrade the lignocellulosic cell-wall domains in all vascular plants; they embody 20–30% of terrestrial organic carbon. For 50 years, mistaken assumptions about the configuration of lignin have hindered the development of useful polymeric materials with a lignin content above 40 wt%. Now, polymeric materials composed only of methylated softwood lignin derivatives can exhibit better tensile behavior than polystyrene. Marked improvements may be achieved with small quantities (5–10 wt%) of miscible blend components as simple as poly(ethylene glycol). These observations contradict commonly held views about crosslinking or hyper-branching in lignin chains. The hydrodynamic compactness of the macromolecular lignin species arises from powerful noncovalent interactions between the lignin substructures. Individual lignin components undergo association to form macromolecular complexes that are preserved in plastics with a very high lignin content. Material continuity results from interpenetration between the peripheral components in adjoining lignin complexes. Through interactions with the peripheral domains, miscible blend components modulate the strength and ductility of these utterly original lignin-based plastics.
Synthesis of surface capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for pH-stimuli responsive drug delivery applications
Authors: Santha Moorthy Madhappan , Bharathiraja Subramanian , Manivasagan Panchanathan , Lee Kang Dae , Oh Junghwan
Published: July 2017

Herein, we propose a “host–guest” complexation-based mesoporous silica drug carrier, MSNs@Mela@TTM, for pH-responsive drug delivery applications in cancer therapy.
Facile synthesis of porous manganese oxide/carbon composite nanowires for energy storage
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Peng Yu , Xia Qingbo , Hu Jianchen , Wu Xiaodong
Published: July 2017

We proposed a facile in situ fabrication strategy for preparing porous MnO/C composite nanowires by one-step carbonization of manganese-based coordination polymer nanowires precursor.
Behavior and mechanism investigation of separating Pt and Ir by liquid–liquid extraction using a mixed [C6bet]Br/[C6mim][NTF2] system
Authors: Yan Yan , Wang Qi , Xiang Zeyang , Zheng Yan , Wang Shubin , Yang Yanzhao
Published: July 2017

Separation of Pt(iv) and Ir(iv) was realized by selectively reducing Ir(iv) to Ir(iii) using NH2OH·HCl.
Decorating graphene with size-selected few-atom clusters: a novel approach to investigate graphene–adparticle interactions
Authors: Scheerder Jeroen E. , Picot Thomas , Reckinger Nicolas , Sneyder Tomas , Zharinov Vyacheslav S. , Colomer Jean-François , Janssens Ewald , Van de Vondel Joris
Published: July 2017

Preformed Aun clusters are deposited in a controlled fashion on graphene field-effect transistors. This hybrid system is characterized electronically and via electron microscopy.
First stereoselective total synthesis of brevipolide M
Authors: Shiva Raju Kasa , Sabitha Gowravaram
Published: July 2017

The first stereoselective total synthesis of a cytotoxic brevipolide M, which shares a pyrone framework bearing a tetrahydrofuran moiety and a cinnamate group with the readily available (−)-DET, is described.
tert-Butyl nitrite (TBN) as the N atom source for the synthesis of substituted cinnolines with 2-vinylanilines and a relevant mechanism was studied
Authors: Pang XiaoBo , Zhao LianBiao , Zhou DaGang , He Ping Yong , An ZhenYu , Ni Ji Xiang , Yan RuLong
Published: July 2017

A green method to synthesize cinnolines by 6π electrocyclic reaction with alkenyl amines and TBN has been developed.
Correction: Ultrasonic-assisted modification of a novel silkworm-excrement-based porous carbon with various Lewis acid metal ions for the sustained release of the pesticide thiamethoxam
Authors: Wei Yanan , Wu Yuxiang , Chang Qing , Xie Meixuan , Wang Xinhui , Mo Jinwen , He Xuekun , Zhao Zhenxia , Zhao Zhongxing
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Ultrasonic-assisted modification of a novel silkworm-excrement-based porous carbon with various Lewis acid metal ions for the sustained release of the pesticide thiamethoxam’ by Yanan Wei et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 30020–30031.
Correction: Finite cohesion due to chain entanglement in polymer melts
Authors: Cheng Shiwang , Lu Yuyuan , Liu Gengxin , Wang Shi-Qing
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Finite cohesion due to chain entanglement in polymer melts’ by Shiwang Cheng et al., Soft Matter, 2016, 12, 3340–3351.
Structure of the PSD-95/MAP1A complex reveals a unique target recognition mode of the MAGUK GK domain
Authors: Xia Yitian , Shang Yuan , Zhang Rongguang , Zhu Jinwei
Published: July 2017

The PSD-95 family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) are major synaptic scaffold proteins and play crucial roles in the dynamic regulation of dendritic remodelling, which is understood to be the foundation of synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The guanylate kinase (GK) domain of MAGUK family proteins functions as a phosphor-peptide binding module. However, the GK domain of PSD-95 has been found to directly bind to a peptide sequence within the C-terminal region of neuronal-specific microtubule-associated protein 1A (MAP1A), although the detailed molecular mechanism governing this phosphorylation-independent interaction at the atomic level is missing. In the present study, we determine the crystal structure of PSD-95 GK in complex with the MAP1A peptide at 2.6-Å resolution. The complex structure reveals that, unlike a linear and elongated conformation in the phosphor-peptide/GK complexes, the MAP1A peptide adopts a unique conformation with a stretch of hydrophobic residues far from each other in the primary sequence clustering and interacting with the ‘hydrophobic site’ of PSD-95 GK and a highly conserved aspartic acid of MAP1A (D2117) mimicking the phosphor-serine/threonine in binding to the ‘phosphor-site’ of PSD-95 GK. We demonstrate that the MAP1A peptide may undergo a conformational transition upon binding to PSD-95 GK. Further structural comparison of known DLG GK-mediated complexes reveals the target recognition specificity and versatility of DLG GKs.
The GTC exoplanet transit spectroscopy survey
Authors: Murgas F. , Pallé E. , Parviainen H. , Chen G. , Nortmann L. , Nowak G. , Cabrera-Lavers A. , Iro N.
Published: July 2017

Context. Transiting planets offer an excellent opportunity for characterizing the atmospheres of extrasolar planets under very different conditions from those found in our solar system.

Aims. We are currently carrying out a ground-based survey to obtain the transmission spectra of several extrasolar planets using the 10 m Gran Telescopio Canarias. In this paper we investigate the extrasolar planet WASP-48b, a hot Jupiter orbiting around an F-type star with a period of 2.14 days.

Methods. We obtained long-slit optical spectroscopy of one transit of WASP-48b with the Optical System for Imaging and low-Intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) spectrograph. We integrated the spectrum of WASP-48 and one reference star in several channels with different wavelength ranges, creating numerous color light curves of the transit. We fit analytic transit curves to the data taking into account the systematic effects present in the time series in an effort to measure the change of the planet-to-star radius ratio (Rp/Rs) across wavelength. The change in transit depth can be compared with atmosphere models to infer the presence of particular atomic or molecular compounds in the atmosphere of WASP-48b.

Results. After removing the transit model and systematic trends to the curves we reached precisions between 261 ppm and 455–755 ppm for the white and spectroscopic light curves, respectively. We obtained Rp/Rs uncertainty values between 0.8 × 10-3 and 1.5 × 10-3 for all the curves analyzed in this work. The measured transit depth for the curves made by integrating the wavelength range between 530 nm and 905 nm is in agreement with previous studies. We report a relatively flat transmission spectrum for WASP-48b with no statistical significant detection of atmospheric species, although the theoretical models that fit the data more closely include TiO and VO.
Copper-Catalyzed Cleavage of Unstrained C–C Bonds for the Synthesis of 1-Acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidines from Cyclic or Acyclic Ketones
Authors: Zhou Wang , Jiang Qijian , Yang Luo
Published: July 2017

A copper-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of 1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidines through the C–C bond cleavage of cyclic or acyclic ketones was developed. In this chemistry, a combination of CuCl2·2H2O, 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate, and aniline was crucial for the formation of the desired products by the reaction of ketones with TEMPO. This research provides a new strategy for the further transformation of α-aryl cyclic or acyclic ketones.
The Effect of Treated Overt Hypothyroidism on Outcomes in Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Fox Nathan , Saltzman Daniel , Rebarber Andrei , Gupta Simi , Rosner Jonathan
Published: July 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to determine if treatment of overt hypothyroidism in twin pregnancies reduces adverse outcomes associated with overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy.

Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who were presented with twin gestations between 2005 and 2013 to a single obstetrical practice. Patients who were diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism were identified. Patients were followed up with serial thyroid function tests and treated appropriately. Rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between patients with and without hypothyroidism with p < 0.05 used for significance.

Results In this study, 612 twin pregnancies were included; 85 patients were diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism. Patients with overt hypothyroidism were more likely to have had in vitro fertilization (78 vs. 62%; p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding variables, patients with overt hypothyroidism had no increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth < 37 weeks' gestation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.833; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.498–1.393), intrauterine growth restriction (aOR: 0.720; 95% CI: 0.446–1.163), gestational diabetes (aOR: 0.812; 95% CI: 0.353–1.871), or composite adverse outcomes (aOR: 0.659; 95% CI 0.391–1.111) compared with patients who did not have overt hypothyroidism. There was a trend toward decreased hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aOR: 0.470; 95% CI: 0.234–0.944).

Conclusion Our study shows that in twin gestations, there is no increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes between patients with treated overt hypothyroidism and those without overt hypothyroidism.
Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses to a Maximal Exercise Test in Elite Youngsters
Authors: Blasco-Lafarga Cristina , Camarena Borja , Mateo-March Manuel
Published: July 2017

To analyze cardiovascular and autonomic responses in elite youngsters, 13 male cyclists (15.43±0.51 years) performed a graded-test until voluntary exhaustion. Oxygen consumption (VO2), blood lactate (BLa), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected, while heart rate (HR) was registered for heart rate variability (HRV) analyses, looking for linear and nonlinear comparisons. Cyclists reached maximal exertion [RPE: 19.14±0.94; BLa: 8.92±2.51 mmol.L−1; RER: 1.04±0.03; SaO2: 92.43±2.5%] and high-level performance (4.41±0.46 W·Kg−1; 60.77±6.87 ml·Kg·min−1) once over 95% of age-predicted HRmax. VO2 and RPE increased, and RR intervals (RRi) decreased (p<0.005), whereas only the short-term scaling exponent of the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis technique (DFA1) displayed similar adaptive changes regarding intensity (p=0.011). After controlling for W·Kg−1 and RRi, DFA1100% (0.260±0.084) showed large-negative correlations with VO2max (r=−0.83; p<0.05) and RPEmax (r=−0.79; p<0.05), suggesting a strong association between the reduction in self-similar properties of the cardiac signal and the capacity to elicit at maximum in youths. Overall-HRV (lnRMSSD) and short-term variability (lnSD1) did not show any association at maximum, or significant differences regarding intensity. DFA1 might reflect ANS-CNS linkage related to cardiac respiratory controls through exercise, becoming a complementary criterion for VO2max testing in youths.
Left Ventricular Adaptation to 12 Weeks of Indoor Cycling at the Gym in Untrained Females
Authors: Hedman Kristofer , Bjarnegård Niclas , Länne Toste
Published: July 2017

Cross-sectional studies provide evidence of larger cardiac dimensions and mass in endurance trained than in untrained females. Much less is known regarding adaptations in cardiac function following training in untrained subjects. We aimed to study left ventricular (LV) adaptation to indoor cycling in previously untrained females, in regard of LV dimensions, mass and function. 42 sedentary females were divided into 2 equally sized groups, either training indoor cycling at regular classes at a local gym for 12 weeks, in average 2.6 times per week, or maintaining their sedentary lifestyle. Echocardiography at rest and a maximal exercise test were performed before and after the intervention. Exercise capacity increased in average 16% in the exercise group (p<0.001), together with decreased heart rate at rest (p<0.05) and at 120 watts steady-state (p<0.001). There were no difference in systolic or diastolic function following the intervention and minimal increases in LV internal diameter in diastole (+1 mm, p<0.01). LV mass was unchanged with training (137±25 vs. 137±28 g, p=0.911). Our findings indicate that attending indoor cycling classes at a gym 2-to-3 times per week for 12 weeks is enough to improve exercise capacity, while a higher volume of training is required to elicit cardiac adaptations.
Assessing the ability of DFT methods to describe static electron correlation effects: CO core level binding energies as a representative case
Authors: Pueyo Bellafont Noèlia , Bagus Paul S. , Sousa Carmen , Illas Francesc
Published: July 2017

We use a total energy difference approach to explore the ability of various density functional theory based methods in accounting for the differential effect of static electron correlation on the C(1s) and O(1s) core level binding energies (BEs) of the CO molecule. In particular, we focus on the magnitude of the errors of the computed C(1s) and O(1s) BEs and on their relative difference as compared to experiment and to previous results from explicitly correlated wave functions. Results show that the different exchange-correlation functionals studied here behave rather erratically and a considerable number of them lead to large errors in the BEs and/or the BE shifts. Nevertheless, the TPSS functional, its TPSSm and RevTPSS derivations, and its corresponding hybrid counterpart, TPSSh, perform better than average and provide BEs and BE shifts in good agreement with experiment.
Determination of onset temperature from the entropy for fragile to strong liquids
Authors: Banerjee Atreyee , Nandi Manoj Kumar , Sastry Srikanth , Maitra Bhattacharyya Sarika
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we establish a connection between the onset temperature of glassy dynamics with the change in the entropy for a wide range of model systems. We identify the crossing temperature of pair and excess entropies as the onset temperature. Below the onset temperature, the residual multiparticle entropy, the difference between excess and pair entropies, becomes positive. The positive entropy can be viewed as equivalent to the larger phase space exploration of the system. The new method of onset temperature prediction from entropy is less ambiguous, as it does not depend on any fitting parameter like the existing methods.
Effect of temperature-driven phase transition on energy-storage and -release properties of Pb0.97La0.02[Zr0.55Sn0.30Ti0.15]O3 ceramics
Authors: Xu Ran , Tian Jingjing , Zhu Qingshan , Feng Yujun , Wei Xiaoyong , Xu Zhuo
Published: July 2017

Temperature-driven phase transition of Pb0.97La0.02[Zr0.55Sn0.30Ti0.15]O3 ceramics was studied, and the consecutive ferroelectric-antiferroelectric-paraelectric (FE-AFE-PE) switching was confirmed. The materials have better dielectric tunability (−82% to 50%) in the AFE state than in the FE state. Also, the phase transition influences the energy-storage and -release performance significantly. A sharp increase in releasable energy density and efficiency was observed due to the temperature-driven FE-AFE transition. Highest releasable energy density, current density, and peak power density were achieved at 130 °C, which was attributed to the highest backward transition field. The stored charge was released completely in AFE and PE states in the microseconds scale, while only a small part of it was released in the FE state. The above results indicate the huge impact of temperature-driven phase transition on dielectrics' performance, which is significant when developing AFE materials working in a wide temperature range.
Modeling the PbS quantum dots complex dielectric function by adjusting the E-k diagram critical points of bulk PbS
Authors: Hechster Elad , Sarusi Gabby
Published: July 2017

The complex dielectric function ϵ(E)=ϵR(E)+iϵI(E) of a semiconductor is a key parameter that dictates the material's optical and electrical properties. Surprisingly, the ϵ(E) of Lead Sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) has not been widely studied. In the present work, we develop a new model that aims to simulate the ϵ(E) of QDs. Our model is based on the fact that the quantum confinement in the nano regime affects all the electronic transitions throughout the entire Brillouin zone. Hence, as a first approximation, we attribute an equal contribution of energy, equivalent to the bandgap broadening, to each critical point (CP) in the E-k diagram. This is mathematically realized by adding these energy contributions to the central energy parameters of the Lorentz oscillator model. In order to validate our model, we used the CP parameters of bulk PbS to simulate the ϵ(E) of PbS QDs. Next, we use Maxwell Relations to calculate the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of PbS QDs from ϵE. Our results were compared with those published in the previous literature and showed good agreement. Our findings open a new avenue that may enable the calculation of the ϵE for nanoparticle systems.
Estimation of electron spin polarization from circularly polarized photoluminescence in strained quantum wells
Authors: Khamari Shailesh K. , Porwal S. , Dixit V. K. , Sharma T. K.
Published: July 2017

A general method based on the valence band mixing is proposed to establish a correlation between electron spin polarization and the degree of circular polarization of luminescence in a strained quantum well (QW). Key issues that are critical for establishing such a correlation are highlighted by invoking 4 band k.p calculations in a strained QW system. The proposed method takes care of the complex valence band mixing in strained QWs by simultaneously analyzing the heavy hole (e-hh) and light hole (e-lh) related luminescence transitions along the quantization direction. It is shown that the ratio of the degree of circular polarizations measured for the e-hh and e-lh features is a sensitive probe to estimate the values of band mixing. The method is reasonably supported by carefully conducted experiments on a tensile strained GaAsP/AlGaAs QW sample in the temperature range of 10 to 150 K. The proposed method shall be helpful for understanding the spin injection/transfer across the interfaces of QW, especially for the cases where heavy hole-light hole coupling is expected to be strong, and both the features are experimentally observed. It might lead to new directions in the field of semiconductor spin-optoelectronics in QWs.
Elastocapillary bundling of high aspect-ratio metallic glass nanowires
Authors: Hu Zhonglue , Uzun Ceren , Dong Ziye , Li Wei , Bernussi Ayrton A. , Kumar Golden
Published: July 2017

Collapsing and bundling of wet nanostructures can be a desirable or an unwanted phenomenon depending on the target application. We study the effect of the aspect-ratio and solvent surface tension on bundling of Pt-based metallic glass nanowires prepared by thermoplastic molding. The results show that the bundling can be quantitatively described by the competition between the Laplacian capillary force and the elastic restoring force. Supercritical CO2 drying can prevent bundling to form vertically aligned metallic glass nanowires with high aspect-ratios (>15). Optical measurements and simulations reveal that the diffuse reflectance of metallic glass nanowires strongly depends on their profile (vertical or bundled).
Note: Mechanical in situ exfoliation of van der Waals materials
Authors: Pásztor Á. , Scarfato A. , Renner Ch.
Published: July 2017

Exfoliation, namely, the peeling of layered materials down to a single unit-cell thin foil, opens promising avenues to fabricate novel electronic materials. New properties and original functionalities emerge in the single and few layer configurations of a number of layered compounds, in particular in transition metal dichalcogenides. However, many of these thin exfoliated materials are very sensitive to ambient conditions impeding the exploration of this new and fascinating parameter space. Here we describe a method of mechanical exfoliation in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). This technique is easily adaptable to any UHV system and allows preparing and studying air sensitive nanoflakes in situ. We present the basic design and proof-of-concept scanning tunneling microscopy imaging of VSe2 nanoflakes.
Shockley-Read-Hall and Auger non-radiative recombination in GaN based LEDs: A size effect study
Authors: Olivier Francois , Daami Anis , Licitra Christophe , Templier Francois
Published: July 2017

GaN-based micro light-emitting diode (μLED) arrays are very promising devices for display applications. In these arrays, each μLED works as a single pixel of a whole image. The electro-optical performance of these μLEDs is an important subject to study. Here, we investigate the influence of LED size on the radiative and non-radiative recombination. The standard ABC model has been widely used to describe the efficiency of GaN based LEDs. Using this model, we extract A, B, and C coefficients for various LED sizes, showing how the competition between radiative and non-radiative recombination processes varies with the LED geometry. Time-resolved photoluminescence allows us to determine coefficient B, related to radiative recombination. Through current-voltage-luminance characterizations, we determine parameters A and C related to Shockley-Read-Hall and Auger recombination. We find that coefficient A is strongly dependent on LED size, indicating a drastic effect of sidewall defects on the performance of LEDs. On the other hand, coefficient C is independent of LED size. This latter result demonstrates that efficiency droop does not depend on LED size.
Surfaces for high heat dissipation with no Leidenfrost limit
Authors: Sajadi Seyed Mohammad , Irajizad Peyman , Kashyap Varun , Farokhnia Nazanin , Ghasemi Hadi
Published: July 2017

Heat dissipation from hot surfaces through cooling droplets is limited by the Leidenfrost point (LFP), in which an insulating vapor film prevents direct contact between the cooling droplet and the hot surface. A range of approaches have been developed to raise this limit to higher temperatures, but the limit still exists. Recently, a surface architecture, decoupled hierarchical structure, was developed that allows the suppression of LFP completely. However, heat dissipation by the structure in the low superheat region was inferior to other surfaces and the structure required an extensive micro/nano fabrication procedure. Here, we present a metallic surface structure with no LFP and high heat dissipation capacity in all temperature ranges. The surface features the nucleate boiling phenomenon independent of the temperature with an approximate heat transfer coefficient of 20 kW m−2 K−1. This surface is developed in a one-step process with no micro/nano fabrication. We envision that this metallic surface provides a unique platform for high heat dissipation in power generation, photonics/electronics, and aviation systems.
Influence of disorder on transfer characteristics of organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Friedlein Jacob T. , Rivnay Jonathan , Dunlap David H. , McCulloch Iain , Shaheen Sean E. , McLeod Robert R. , Malliaras George G.
Published: July 2017

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are receiving a great deal of attention as transducers of biological signals due to their high transconductance. A ubiquitous property of these devices is the non-monotonic dependence of transconductance on gate voltage. However, this behavior is not described by existing models. Using OECTs made of materials with different chemical and electrical properties, we show that this behavior arises from the influence of disorder on the electronic transport properties of the organic semiconductor and occurs even in the absence of contact resistance. These results imply that the non-monotonic transconductance is an intrinsic property of OECTs and cannot be eliminated by device design or contact engineering. Finally, we present a model based on the physics of electronic conduction in disordered materials. This model fits experimental transconductance curves and describes strategies for rational material design to improve OECT performance in sensing applications.
A flexible, gigahertz, and free-standing thin film piezoelectric MEMS resonator with high figure of merit
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Zhang Menglun , Duan Xuexin , Zhang Hao , Pang Wei
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a 2.6 GHz air-gap type thin film piezoelectric MEMS resonator was fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate film. A fabrication process combining transfer printing and hot-embossing was adopted to form a free-standing structure. The flexible radio frequency MEMS resonator possesses a quality factor of 946 and an effective coupling coefficient of 5.10%, and retains its high performance at a substrate bending radius of 1 cm. The achieved performance is comparable to that of conventional resonators on rigid silicon wafers. Our demonstration provides a viable approach to realizing universal MEMS devices on flexible polymer substrates, which is of great significance for building future fully integrated and multi-functional wireless flexible electronic systems.
Exploring inter-constructional relations in the constructicon
Authors: Gonzálvez-García Francisco
Published: July 2017

Drawing on a cursory contrastive analysis of (i) the reflexive subjective-transitive construction, (ii) the self-descriptive subjective transitive construction, and (iii) the What’s X doing Y? (WXDY) construction in English and Spanish, this chapter explores the feasibility of capturing intra- and inter-constructional generalizations. Specifically, all three constructions must encode a characterization in keeping with the inherent subjective meaning of the secondary predication frame. At a higher level of resolution, in the case of two prima facie distinct constructions such as those in (ii) and (iii), the state of affairs in question should involve a stage-level rather than individual-level construal. I suggest that a similarity in pragmatic function, viz. the subject/speaker’s judgment of a state of affairs as being unexpected or incongruous, may be the unifying factor binding them together in the constructicon.
The family of German dative constructions
Authors: De Knop Sabine , Mollica Fabio
Published: July 2017

The chapter describes the variety of structures with datives in Valency Grammar and then in the framework of Goldberg’s Construction Grammar (1995; 2006). It addresses issues related to the semantic roles that can be expressed with dative objects, but also the difference between valency-dependent datives and free datives that appear in usage. The constructionist model offers new avenues for a unified description of constructions with datives, both for valency-dependent and free datives, and even for phraseologisms with a dative object. But German being a morphologically complex language, the constructionist model cannot do without describing the valency properties of the verbs in the constructions. Finally, the study provides evidence for the claim that constructions with a dative build a family.
The English conative as a family of constructions
Authors: Guerrero Medina Pilar
Published: July 2017

This chapter aims to provide a constructionist usage-based analysis of English conative expressions, arguing that a family of related constructions is required to account for the semantico-pragmatic properties of the at-frame in English. Drawing mainly on Broccias’s (2001) and Perek and Lemmens’s (2010) analyses, I challenge Goldberg’s (1995) monosemic analysis of the conative construction, where the ‘directed action’ meaning remains invariable, highlighting the essential role played by the verb’s inherent lexical semantics in determining the specific constructional senses that can be subsumed under the rubric of conative uses. Three distinct configurations are posited: the allative at-construction, instantiated by non-resultative verbs (Tsunoda 1985), the ablative at-construction, instantiated by resultative verbs, and the directional at-construction, compatible with intransitive verbs of ‘visual perception’.
Understanding St. Louis’ Love for Hoosier
Authors: Duncan Daniel
Published: July 2017

While the American English demonym hoosier refers to Indiana residents, it means “poor, rural, white trash” in St. Louis, Missouri. This paper uses discourse analysis of several texts across a range of registers and formalities to explore why its use persists despite less-localized alternatives (redneck, etc.) and why it has become enregistered as a feature of the local dialect. Findings show hoosier is used to police the behavior of the target. Unlike similar slurs, its use requires knowledge of St. Louis’ social geography. Hoosier allows speakers to demonstrate localness while positioning themselves and St. Louis as cosmopolitan compared to the derided target. As such, hoosier asserts positive values for St. Louisans who use it.
Actin cytoskeleton–dependent regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor heteromers
Authors: Hasdemir Burcu , Mahajan Shilpi , Oses-Prieto Juan , Chand Shreya , Woolley Michael , Burlingame Alma , Grammatopoulos Dimitris K. , Bhargava Aditi
Published: July 2017

Stress responses are highly nuanced and variable, but how this diversity is achieved by modulating receptor function is largely unknown. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRFRs), class B G protein–coupled receptors, are pivotal in mediating stress responses. Here we show that the two known CRFRs interact to form heteromeric complexes in HEK293 cells coexpressing both CRFRs and in vivo in mouse pancreas. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of both CRF1R and CRF2βR, along with actin in these heteromeric complexes. Inhibition of actin filament polymerization prevented the transport of CRF2βR to the cell surface but had no effect on CRF1R. Transport of CRF1R when coexpressed with CRF2βR became actin dependent. Simultaneous stimulation of cells coexpressing CRF1R+CRF2βR with their respective high-affinity agonists, CRF+urocortin2, resulted in approximately twofold increases in peak Ca2+responses, whereas stimulation with urocortin1 that binds both receptors with 10-fold higher affinity did not. The ability of CRFRs to form heteromeric complexes in association with regulatory proteins is one mechanism to achieve diverse and nuanced function.
Workforce Education and Technical Change Bias in U.S. Agriculture and Related Industries
Authors: Lambert David K.
Published: July 2017

The number of hours devoted to value added output in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) sector “Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting” is increasingly supplied by individuals with advanced schooling. Consistent with hypotheses of a positive relationship among technology development, adoption, and dissemination and a more highly‐skilled workforce, we first test and then conclude that the composition of the workforce is closely aligned with measures of the state of technology. Consistent with many other studies, technical change has been labor‐saving overall, yet technologies adopted have reduced both the absolute and relative numbers of workers not progressing beyond high school. The changing composition of the workforce and technical change have driven an average wedge of 31% between reported wages and wages augmented by our estimates of the state of technology. This gap was greater in the period prior to the mid 1980s, when many of the changes in the education levels of the labor force occurred. Using estimates from the entire 1947–2010 period, the quantity of work provided by the worker hired in 2010 was 31% greater than if no change in labor composition had occurred.
Barriers and facilitators to public access defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review
Authors: Smith Christopher M. , Lim Choi Keung Sarah N. , Khan Mohammed O. , Arvanitis Theodoros N. , Fothergill Rachael , Hartley-Sharpe Christopher , Wilson Mark H. , Perkins Gavin D.
Published: July 2017

Public access defibrillation initiatives make automated external defibrillators available to the public. This facilitates earlier defibrillation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims and could save many lives. It is currently only used for a minority of cases. The aim of this systematic review was to identify barriers and facilitators to public access defibrillation. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken defining formal search terms for a systematic review of the literature in March 2017. Studies were included if they considered reasons affecting the likelihood of public access defibrillation and presented original data. An electronic search strategy was devised searching MEDLINE and EMBASE, supplemented by bibliography and related-article searches. Given the low-quality and observational nature of the majority of articles, a narrative review was performed. Sixty-four articles were identified in the initial literature search. An additional four unique articles were identified from the electronic search strategies. The following themes were identified related to public access defibrillation: knowledge and awareness; willingness to use; acquisition and maintenance; availability and accessibility; training issues; registration and regulation; medicolegal issues; emergency medical services dispatch-assisted use of automated external defibrillators; automated external defibrillator-locator systems; demographic factors; other behavioural factors. In conclusion, several barriers and facilitators to public access defibrillation deployment were identified. However, the evidence is of very low quality and there is not enough information to inform changes in practice. This is an area in urgent need of further high-quality research if public access defibrillation is to be increased and more lives saved. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016035543.
The International Campaign to Create Ethical Bankers
Authors: Zaring David
Published: July 2017

The substance of international financial regulation has been created through informal standard setting among regulators acting through networks. This standard setting has frequently been concrete and specific, as the evolving international bank capital rules exemplify. But banking supervisors have recently turned their focus towards the creation of a global set of ethical standards for bankers, only vaguely defined at best. Regulators have emphasized the importance of ‘culture’ set by a ‘tone at the top’, though they have not yet explained what is required by the terms. This new focus of international financial regulation epitomizes the irreducibly informal nature of multinational standard setting, even in a global regime that has tried for precision. It also represents a commitment by financial regulators to cosmopolitanism: the effort to create consistent global ethical standards for financial institutions assumes away differences in industry structure and national cultures in the service of a vision of a consistent financial regulatory regime applied to banks and non-bank financial firms across the world.
Women’s psychosomatic health promotion and the biopsychosociocultural nexus
Authors: Lal Mira
Published: July 2017

Chapter 8 discusses the promotion of women's psychosomatic health by prevention or early treatment of cancer and obesity. Health providers have to consider the biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors that alter psychosomatic interactions to generate these health conditions. Primary/secondary prevention need more emphasis than tertiary prevention or treatment. The transition of normal cervical epithelium to cervical-intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and the progression of CIN 2/3 to cancer is preventable. Two-thirds of patients with CIN have HPV infection. Cervical screening allows astute clinical decision-making as CIN could revert back to normal epithelium. Colposcopically-directed early treatment of CIN 2/3 is a secondary preventive measure. Cervical screening has reduced cervical cancer in the West but organised screening is unavailable in low-middle income countries where cervical cancer is common. Sociocultural practices promote unsafe sex, such as when minors in these countries acquire HPV infection through marriage to an older infected male or when women/adolescents are war victims. Inebriated party-goers may acquire HPV infection through unsafe sex. HPV vaccines protect against 70% of carcinogenic HPV strains only. Serious adverse effects after vaccination are uncommon. Barrier contraception prevents HPV, and other sexually transmitted diseases. Obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Type-1 endometrial cancer relates to obesity and starts at a younger age, unlike type-2. Obesity also affects fertility. Transgenerational changes in the fetus of the obese gravida can promote obese offspring. Bariatric surgery for obesity is however expensive, with a potential for complications. WHO directives thus advise on prevention of obesity, and the overweight habitus. Primary prevention of obesity through lifestyle changes should start in childhood.
The SAL-PAP Chloroplast Retrograde Pathway Contributes to Plant Immunity by Regulating Glucosinolate Pathway and Phytohormone Signaling
Authors: Ishiga Yasuhiro , Watanabe Mutsumi , Ishiga Takako , Tohge Takayuki , Matsuura Takakazu , Ikeda Yoko , Hoefgen Rainer , Fernie Alisdair R. , Mysore Kirankumar S.
Published: July 2017

Chloroplasts have a crucial role in plant immunity against pathogens. Increasing evidence suggests that phytopathogens target chloroplast homeostasis as a pathogenicity mechanism. In order to regulate the performance of chloroplasts under stress conditions, chloroplasts produce retrograde signals to alter nuclear gene expression. Many signals for the chloroplast retrograde pathway have been identified, including chlorophyll intermediates, reactive oxygen species, and metabolic retrograde signals. Although there is a reasonably good understanding of chloroplast retrograde signaling in plant immunity, some signals are not well-understood. In order to understand the role of chloroplast retrograde signaling in plant immunity, we investigated Arabidopsis chloroplast retrograde signaling mutants in response to pathogen inoculation. sal1 mutants (fry1-2 and alx8) responsible for the SAL1-PAP retrograde signaling pathway showed enhanced disease symptoms not only to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but, also, to the necrotrophic pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum EC1. Glucosinolate profiles demonstrated the reduced accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates in the fry1-2 and alx8 mutants compared with the wild-type Col-0 in response to DC3000 infection. In addition, quantification of multiple phytohormones and analyses of their gene expression profiles revealed that both the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated signaling pathways were down-regulated in the fry1-2 and alx8 mutants. These results suggest that the SAL1-PAP chloroplast retrograde pathway is involved in plant immunity by regulating the SA- and JA-mediated signaling pathways.
Hop stunt viroid: Effect on Host (Humulus lupulus) Transcriptome and Its Interactions With Hop Powdery Mildew (Podospheara macularis)
Authors: Kappagantu Madhu , Bullock Jeff M. , Nelson Mark E. , Eastwell Kenneth C.
Published: July 2017

Viroids are the smallest known plant pathogens that exploit host systems for their replication and cause diseases in many hosts. In this study, the host response of hop plants to Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) infection was studied through transcriptome analysis. RNA sequence analysis of hop leaves infected with HSVd revealed dynamic changes in hop gene expression. Defense-related genes and genes involved in lipid and terpenoid metabolism are the major categories that showed differential expression due to HSVd infection. Additionally, the effect of HSVd on development of hop powdery mildew (Podospheara macularis) (HPM) was studied. Transcriptome analysis followed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that transcript levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes such as PR protein 1, chitinase, and thaumatin-like protein genes are induced in leaves infected with HPM alone. The response in these genes to HPM is significantly down-regulated in leaves with HSVd-HPM mixed infection. These results confirm that HSVd alters host metabolism, physiology, and plant defense responses. Nevertheless, in detached leaf assays, HPM consistently expanded faster on HSVd-negative leaves relative to HSVd-positive leaves. Although HSVd infection suppresses elements associated with the host immunity response, infection by HSVd is antagonistic to HPM infection of hops.
Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Adolescents Receiving Extended Infusion
Authors: Bio Laura L. , Nadeem Komal
Published: July 2017

Because of concerns of red man syndrome, our institution increased standard vancomycin infusion duration to 90 minutes for 1000-mg doses and 120 minutes for 2000-mg doses. However, in children and adolescents, the dosing interval remained every 6 to 8 hours. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify the incidence of supratherapeutic vancomycin serum concentrations (VSCs) and nephrotoxicity with extended-infusion vancomycin (≥90 minutes). Of the 7 adolescents who received extended-infusion vancomycin, 1 (14.2%) experienced supratherapeutic VSC and nephrotoxicity. Extended-infusion vancomycin for red man syndrome should include assessment of the dosing interval and frequent VSC monitoring if a 6-hour interval is indicated.