bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesticidal Impact on Leafminers and Parasites in Celery, 1982
Authors: Trumble John T.
Published: March 2022

‘Tall Utah 52-70 R’ celery was transplanted 5 Aug. at the Univ. of California South Coast Field Stn. in Santa Ana, Calif. The crop was sprinkle irrigated for 3 weeks and drip irrigated thereafter. Experimental plots were three beds wide (40-in centers) by 50 ft long with one untreated buffer row between plots. Each bed contained two rows of plants 6 to 8 in apart. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied weekly with a tractor mounted boom sprayer from 19 Aug. to 28 Oct. As plant height increased, nozzles varied from 1 to 3 per row and carrier (H2O) increased from 50 to 100 gal/acre. Hollow cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments except MK-936 contained 0.04% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Beet armyworm damage was based on number of damaged plants found in 50 randomly selected plants per replicate from the center bed at harvest. Leafminer pupae were collected weekly from four pupal trays (4 by 8 in) per replicate and inserted between rows. Number of dead parasites were also counted. At harvest the number of mined leaves per plant for 4 plants per replicate was recorded as an index of leafminer activity.
Residues of Lorsban (Chlorpyrifos and Its Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Metabolite) in Collards When Applied for Control of Root Maggot, 1981
Authors: George D. A.
Published: March 2022

Lorsban 4E formulation was applied to collards at the rates of 1.6 and 3.2 fl oz (AD/1000 ft row at the Yakima research station and the Beltsville research station. At Yakima, the formulation was sprayed over the row at planting time, in front of the plant shoe, for shallow incorporation into the soil on 20 May 1981, and again as a direct spray at the base of the plants on 8 July. At Beltsville, the formulation was applied as a drench to each plant one day after the plants had been transplantd ln(x+l) for % leaf area mined andcations of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of extract is available on request.
Control of Early-Season Insects in Sweet Corn with Granular Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Coulon Dwayne , Lawrence Gary
Published: March 2022

Two unregistered granular insecticides were evaluated at two rates and application methods by comparison to a proven standard (Furadan) and nontreated corn. Corn was planted 6 May using an International 296 planter equipped with an electrically driven Gandy applicator. Soil type was a commerce silt loam (33% sand/52% silt/15% clay) with pH of 5.6 and C.E.C. of 9.3. Each treatment consisted of two 80-ft rows spaced 48 in apart. Replicates on the same row were separated by 10-ft alleys. Treatments were evaluated 25 May (19 days postplant) by counting the number of live seedlings per 40 ft on each row. Only the center 40 ft of each plot was evaluated. Each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized block design. Root-damage ratings were also made 40 days postplant, but no differences were noted in a statistical analysis.
Whorl Applications to Control Fall Armyworm in Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn was planted 14 July in a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-in centers and 25 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Granular whorl treatments were applied with a hand shaker in a 7-in band over the whorl; whorl sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with one nozzle centered over each of the middle two rows calibrated to deliver 55 gal/acre at 200 lb/in2. Treatments were applied on 19, 25, and 31 Aug. Plant whorls were rated for fall armyworm damage on 2 Sept. as follows: 0, no damage; 1, slight damage, 10% whorl feeding; 2, moderate damage, 10 to 25% whorl feeding; 3, heavy damage, 25 to 50% whorl feeding, 4, severe damage, 50 to 75% whorl feeding, tassel damaged; and 5, whorl destroyed. Twenty plant whorls were removed from the plants, unrolled, and all live fall armyworm larvae were counted.
European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , Morrow E. , Pax R.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted at the M.S.U. entomology field research farm on campus on 13 June. Plots were four rows wide by 50 ft long. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications per treatment. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre. The first treatment application coincided with the beginning of tassel formation in the whorl when the plants were about 18 in. tall. (Some plants showed beginning of green silk.) European corn borer egg masses were sampled on 5 plants approximately weekly, and treatments were applied at 4-day to weekly intervals, depending on number of egg masses. Treatment dates were 27 July, 5, 9, 12, 16, and 24 Aug. Damage ratings were taken at harvest on 26 Aug. Twenty ears per plot, from the middle two rows, were inspected for larvae and damage.
Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Fall, 1982
Authors: Leibee Gary L.
Published: March 2022

‘Bonanza’ sweet corn was planted 2 Sept. in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, in Sanford. Nemacur 15G 2 lb (AI)/ acre was incorporated at planting time in a 15-in band for nematode control. A plot consisted of one 50-ft row with 12-in plant spacing. Plots were separated by 60 in (two row spacings). Treatments were replicated in four randomized complete blocks separated by 10-ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles were used per row; one overhead (TX 24) and one drop (TX 12) on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 40 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Baits were broadcasted over-the-top in premeasured amounts with a shaker-can. Sprays were applied 17 and 28 Sept. and 6 Oct. Baits were applied 20 and 27 Sept. and 6 Oct. Twenty plants per plot were rated for damage on 27 Sept. and 5 and 12 Oct. as follows: 0, no damage; 1, etching only (evidence of foliar feeding by newly hatched larvae); 2, light bud damage; 3, severe bud damage; and 4, bud completely destroyed. Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 in tall; the stage considered most susceptible to bud destruction by fall armyworm.
Colorado Potato Beetle Deterrency by Piperonyl Butoxide on Eggplant, 1983
Authors: Silcox Charles A. , Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

Eggplant seedlings (cv. Florida Market) were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 26 May 1983. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design and sprays were applied with a high clearance sprayer (with a drop nozzel on each side, and one centered over the row) calibrated to deliver 81 gal/acre at 200 lb/in2 Four-row plots were used and each row was 10 ft long by 5 ft wide and contained six plants spaced at 2-ft intervals. The 1st and 3rd rows in each plot were guard rows and were not sprayed. The 2nd and 4th rows were sprayed and these plants were used for CPB defoliation ratings, larval counts, and yields. Defoliation was rated on a 0 to 10 scale, where 0, no and 10, 100% defoliation. Plots were treated 10, 15, 16, and 30 June, 6 and 28 July, and 10 Aug.
Residues of Lorsban (Chlorpyrifos and Its Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Metabolite) in Kale When Applied for Control of Root Maggot, 1981
Authors: George D. A.
Published: March 2022

Lorsban 4E formulation was applied to kale plots at the rate of 1.6 and 3.2 fl oz (AI)/l,000 ft row at the Yakima research station. The formulation was sprayed over the row at planting time, in front of the plant shoe, for shallow incorporation into the soil on 20 May, and again as a directed spray at the base of the plants on 17 June. There were four replications of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of extract is available on request.
Onion Maggot Control in Onions, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , Warner F. , Mitchel M. , Morrow E. , May A.
Published: March 2022

Onions were planted with a veebelt seeder in 18 in rows at three locations. Plots were: 10 ft of double row x four replications at Grant, (1-in planter shoe, planted 6 May); 19 ft of single row x five replications at the M.S.U. Muck Crops Experimental Farm (1-in shoe, planted 13 May); and 10 ft of double row x six replications at Hudsonville (2-in shoe, planted 5 May). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and applied in the furrow at planting (granular materials) or in a 2- to 3-in band over the row (soil drenches). Soil drenches were applied at 50 gal/acre with a hand sprayer with the initial application date corresponding to the first appearance of onion maggot eggs. Pydrin 2.4EC (0.1 lb. (AI)/acre) was applied to all plots twice during Aug. for thrips control. After plant emergence, but before onion maggot oviposition, 100-plant sections of row were marked out in each plot. Counts of onion maggot damaged plants within those 100-plant sections were made weekly through the end of the first generation damage (5 July). Stand counts within the 100-plant section were taken on 20 to 21 June and 5 July. Yields were taken from 5 ft of double row per plot at Grant and Hudsonville and 10 ft of single row at the M.S.U. Muck Farm on 29 Sept. and 1 Sept., and 4 Oct., respectively.
Onion Maggot Control, 1983
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

The plot was planted 18 May in muck soil near Potter, NY, on the Sacheli Farm. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated four times in a randomized block design. Germination, damage, and yield data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were sown and seed-furrow treatments applied with a hand-pushed cone seeder planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 gal/acre through a gravity fed system. The drench applications, timed for the peak of fly activity, were made on 1 and 6 June, using a CO2-powered sprayer mounted on a cone seeder that delivered 75 gal/acre to the bases of the plants through a single TeeJet nozzle. Dithane M-45 (80 WP) was applied in the furrow with each treatment except those already having a fungicide at 2.4 lb (AI)/acre for control of onion smut. Stand counts were taken 10 June. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants ca twice/week from the time of stand counts until harvest on 21 Sept.
Control of Pepper Weevil on Pepper, 1983
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 15 Mar., 12 in apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8-in-high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 13 plants and treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 19, 26, 28 Apr., 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 May, 1 and 7 June with a 2.5 gal, handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 40 to 80 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). Plots were harvested on 16, 27 May, and 14 June. In addition to fruit of marketable size on the plants, all fruit that had dropped from the plants and trapped in 1-in high barriers surrounding each plot were collected. On the last harvest all fruit larger than 1.5 in in diam were also harvested. Each fruit was examined for pepper weevil feeding/oviposition scars on the outer surface, internal feeding damage and pepper weevil larvae, pupae and adults. The percentages of damaged and undamaged fruit were calculated and transformed arc sine (%) (0.01) before analysis. Data are presented in the original scale.
European Corn Borer Control in Hot Peppers, 1982
Authors: Graustein Mark , Whitehead Joanne
Published: March 2022

Separate blocks of hot cherry and banana peppers were transplanted into two-row plots 20 ft long on 42 in centers on 28 May, near Georgetown, De. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times for each pepper variety. Orthene treatments were applied on a 10-day schedule at the 1 lb (All/acre rate then on a 7-day schedule at the 0.5 lb (AI)/acre rate. All other treatments were applied on a 7-day schedule beginning 13 July and ending 29 Sept. for a total of 12 applications. All sprays at a rate equivalent to 41 gal/acre using a wheelbarrow design CO2 pressurized sprayer with a drop nozzle system (3 nozzles/row), at 40 lb./in2 . One Orthene treatment was applied as a drench at a rate equivalent to 300 gal/acre then treated on a 7-day schedule at a rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre. Peppers were harvested on 16 Aug., 10 Sep., and 4 Oct. and 50 fruit per plot were evaluated for European corn borer infestations.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Irish Potatoes, 1983
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

This study was located on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, New Hampshire. ‘Katahdin’ Irish potato seed pieces were planted in rows 3 ft apart on 10 Jun. Each plot consisted of two 47-ft rows and each treatment replicated four times in a randomized block design. Spray applications of the three rates of CME 13406 were made on 30 Jun. as soon as adults began laying eggs and again on 8 Jul. All treatments received sprays on 18, 28 Jul., 8 and 19 Aug. Applications were made with a B&G CO2pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 lb/in2 ) using a 5-ft handheld boom with four nozzles which covered two rows at a time. Evaluations of the CME 13406 treatments were made on 18 Jul. by counting the live larvae in each plot (94-ft-row) that were visible from above without disturbing the foliage. All treatments were evaluated on 29 Jul. for both larvae adults per plot. Excessive rainfall during the month of May delayed planting. This was followed by dry weather which resulted in poor plant growth and slow development of a Colorado potato beetle population. No attempt was made to obtain yield data.
Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide Efficacy Trial, 1982
Authors: Dripps James E. , Smilowitz Zane , Yocum John O. , Wallace Jean
Published: March 2022

Certified, Class B ‘Norchip’ seed potatoes were planted 6 May with a 9-in spacing between plants. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Plots consisted of four 20-ft rows planted 34 in apart. Temik 15G (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in-furrow at planting for all treatments and the control. A 3.0 lb (AI)/acre Temik treatment was also included. Starting 8 Jun., Dithane M-45 was applied at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre on a 5 to 7 day schedule for potato late blight control. The foliar insecticides were applied 6 and 27 Jul., with a Myers air blast sprayer in 50 gal. of water per acre at 200 lb/in2. Forty stems per plot were sampled each week for all stages of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) beginning 25 Jun. A subjective damage estimate was also assessed. Two rows per plot were harvested 30 Aug. and graded by size. Rainfall totalled 8.36 in for June, 2.74 in for Jul. and 1.10 in for Aug. Average maximum and minimum daily temperatures (°F) were 78.2 and 56.7 for Jun., 86.0 and 62.3 for Jul., and 82.5 and 56.2 for Aug.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Aphids on Potatoes, 1983
Authors: Powell Donnie
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were plantd on 13 Apr., in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesic Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) pH 6.2 and organic matter 1.6% at Yakima, Wash. The insecticides were applied with a two-row, four nozzle (TeeJet AI 80015) portable boom CO2-powered sprayer at 50 lb/in2 in 50 gal of water per acre on 9 June. Each plot was two rows (34-in. row spacing) wide and 19 ft long. Each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated with 0.75 acre-inch applied at 5- to 7-day intervals, except the plots were irrigated on 8 June before treatment then on 16 June after the aphid counts. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from the lower two-thirds of the plants on 10, 13, 16, and 24 June. The number of green peach aphids on the leaves were counted. The data were analyzed as a split-plot in time over the four counting dates.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticidal Spray, 1983
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Baird Craig , Bishop Guy W.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 3 May, in Declo silt loam soil. The experiment consisted of treatments with four replications arranged in randomized complete block design. Individual plots were four rows (12 ft) wide and 36 ft long. Treatments were applied 6 Jul., using a CO2 pressurized hand-held sprayer at 40 lb/in2 to apply 20 gal acre. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. Pre-recording the total number of beetles in 40 ft of row.
Foliar Treatments for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M.
Published: March 2022

‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on 11 Mar. near Benson, N.C. Plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of a single row 10 ft long on 40-inch centers. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 . Each treatment was applied two times, on 13 May at 50% egg hatch and 7 days later on 20 May. Percent defoliation was determined on 1 Jun. Potatoes were harvested on 23 Jun., graded, and weighed.
Insect Control in Tomatoes, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , May A. W. , Otto M. E. , Pax R.
Published: March 2022

Tomatoes were transplanted in 5-ft rows on 24 May, at the M.S.O. Hortic. Exp. St., Sodus, Mich. (Berrien Co.). Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications (= blocks). Each plot was 3-rows wide (15 ft) and 25 ft long. Treatments were applied on 23 Jun., 7, 14, 21, 28 July, and 2, 11, 18 Aug. with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre. Tomatoes were harvested on Aug 25. Efficacy was determined by examining two plants from the center of each plot. Entire plants were examined for potato beetles and two leaves (one upper and one lower) per plant for aphids. Tomatoes were harvested from 10 plants in the center of each plot and weights of ripe, green, insect-damaged, and diseased tomatoes were recorded.
Apple, Aphid Control, 1982
Authors: Forsythe H.Y.
Published: March 2022

Test chemicals were applied on 27 July to 5-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays, using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 lbs/in2 and at 400 gal/acre. There were two single-tree replications in randomized complete block design. Prior to treament, 10 succulent terminal shoots (five with high aphid counts and five with low counts) were tagged around the periphery of each tree at a height of 1 to 2 m. Evaluation was based on a count of all live aphids found on the distal four unfurled leaves and one furled leaf and on the stem included by these leaves, on each tagged terminal shoot.
Control of the Tomato Fruitworm on Tomato in West-Central Florida, 1983
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 2 Mar., 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8-inch-high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied 14 and 21 June, with a 2.5 gal, handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 185 and 145 gal/acre for the first and second sprays, respectively. On 14 (after spraying), 15, 21 (before and after spraying), 22, 24, and 28 June, five fully expanded leaflets were excised from each plot and placed on water-moistened filter paper on the bottoms of 2-inch diameter plastic cups. One to five (depending upon availability) tomato fruitworm larvae that had been fed 2 days on excised tomato foliage, were placed in each cup and the cups were sealed. The cups and larvae were placed in a room at ca. 80F and a 14-h photoperiod for 2 days at which time the numbers of apparently healthy, moribund and dead larvae were counted. Percent mortality (dead plus moribund) was calculatd for each posttreatment bioassay and corrected for natural mortality according to Abbott’s formula. Percentage data were transformed arc sine (%)/( 0.01) prior to analyses but data are presented in the original scale.
Foliar Sprays for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1983
Authors: Sherrod D. W. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

‘Norchip’ Irish potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant spacing in 36-inch rows on 14 Apr. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft-long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The sprays were applied with a propane compressed air backpack sprayer using three hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 50 gal water per acre at 40 lb/in2. Applications were made on 2, 7, 15, 23, and 29 June. Evaluation criteria consisted of direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae per 10 plants and late season foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings were on a scale of 0 to 5 as follows: 0, no damage; 1, slight feeding, less than 5% defoliation; 2, visible feeding with 5 to 10% defoliation; 3, moderage damage, 10 to 25% defoliations; 4, heavy damage, 25 to 50% defoliation; 5, severe damage, greater than 50% defoliation.
Tomato Fruitworm Control, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M.
Published: March 2022

‘Pik Red’ tomatoes were planted on 27 July near Benson, N.C. Treatment plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 5-ft centers. Standak 2.67F was applied in 0.5 pt of transplant water per plant as a preplant treatment. The soil type was a sandy loam composed of 0.6% organic matter with a pH of 6.0. Soil temperature was 30°C and soil moisture was adequate. Foliar treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 . Dates of foliar applications were 25 Aug., and 1, 8, 15, 22, and 26 Sept. Bravo 500 and Maneb 80W were utilized for disease control. Ripe fruits were harvested and percent tomato fruitworm (TFW) infested fruit determined on 14 and 28 Sept., and 6 Oct.
Tomato Fruitworm and Tomato Pinworm Control, 1983
Authors: Story R. N. , Etzel W. W.
Published: March 2022

Tomato seedlings were transplanted into 40-inch rows on 3 Aug. at the Sweet Potato Res. Cen., Chase, La. Single-row plots consisting of 10 plants were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a handheld CO2-pressurized sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 through a single spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Treatments were begun when ca 50% of the plants had set fruit. Applications were made on 23 Sept., 10 and 21 Oct., and 8 Nov. Ripening fruit were picked and examined for injury on 8 Nov. and 18 Nov.
Suppression of Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1983
Authors: Trumble J. T.
Published: March 2022

‘Petoseed 7718’ tomato seedlings were transplanted on 13 July at the Univ. of California’s South Coast Field Stn. in Santa Ana, Calif. Experimental plots were four rows wide (5-ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5-ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 2 weeks, and drip irrigated thereafter. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at flowering. Application dates included 22, 29 Aug.; 6, 12, 19, 26 Sept.; and 3 Oct. The SD compounds were not applied on 19 Sept. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with six nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments included 0.4% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of larvae and pupae in four pupal trays per replicate from 26 Aug. through 23 Sept. On 6 Oct., 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center two rows of each replicate and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea), external damage (primarily S. exigua), and K. lycopersicella.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1983
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded on 17 Feb., in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15-ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using white on black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were four replications per treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied weekly from 25 Mar. to 20 May, for a total of nine applications except DPX-H524-16 which was only applied the last 7 weeks. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with five nozzles per row, 250 lb/in2, and in 100 gal of water per acre. on 3 May, the total numbers of leafmines and live larvae per leaf (third fully-expanded leaf from terminal were counted from 10 randomly selected plants per plot. On 10 May, the total numbers of pinworm mines per leaf (fourth fully expanded leaf from terminal) were counted from 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Adult southern green stink bug counts were taken on 10 May by shaking 3 row-ft of plants over a white cloth and counting the stink bugs on the cloth. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on 24 May. The percentage of fruit damaged by southern green stink bug was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot. The leafminer and pinworm populations were normal, but the southern green stink bug population was unusually high.
Potato Leafhopper and Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer Control, 1983
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Wallace Jean
Published: March 2022

Test were conducted at the Pa. Agrie. Exp. St. farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. All insecticide sprays for the potato leafhopper and alfalfa blotch leafrainer were applied to 40 by 40 ft plots on 30 June, to 2nd crop alfalfa. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in each of the four replications. Alfalfa was 4 to 6 in. tall at treatment. Spray concentrates were applied in 30 gal water per acre at 19 lb/in2 with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20-ft boom and 80° flat fan nozzles. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 10 180° sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15-in. diam. sweep net. Leafhopper density was evaluated 7, 14, and 21 days after application. Alfalfa blotch leafminer control was determined from the number of mined leaflets in 10 stems collected randomly across each plot. Alfalfa yield was determined from an 120 ft sample taken from each plot on 22 July.
Alfalfa Insect Control in First Cutting, 1983
Authors: Klostermeyer L.E. , Evans R.
Published: March 2022

Experimental insecticides were applied to a second-year alfalfa field at the Middle Tenn. Exp. St., Spring Hill, on 15 Apr. Furadan was included as a standard. Treatments, replicated five times in a randomized complete block design, were applied to plots 18 by 20 ft at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 30 lb/in2 with a CO2-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels. Five pendulum sweeps were taken with a 15-in. diam. insect net in each plot before treatment and on 25 Apr., 4 and 11 May. Pretreatment means were 68 alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL), 0.0 alfalfa weevils (AW), and 7.7 pea aphids (PA). Weather conditions for the 10-day period after treatment were: average maximum (55.2°F) and minimum (33.8°F), 2.03 in. of rain, with frost 1 and 5 days after treatment. Total rainfall from harvest was 8.39 in. Five stems per plot from only three replicates were measured on 11 May. A 5-ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 18 May. Subsamples were dried for dry weight determination.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control, 1983
Authors: Manglitz G.R. , Rethwisch Michael
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the Nebraska Agric. Exp. Stn. Mead Field Lab, Mead, Neb., in a 3rd-year stand of ‘Vernal’ alfalfa. Plots were 9 by 15 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. A single application of six insecticides, at various rates, was made on 20 May. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 activated pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 12.5 gal/acre at 20 lbs/in2 and equipped with a 5.5-ft boom. Each plot was sampled three times, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment, by taking five sweeps per plot with a 15-in. diam. insect net.
Toxicity of Four Insecticides to Larvae and Adults, 1981
Authors: Suhaibani Ali , Ware George W.
Published: March 2022

LC50’s were determined for field-collected 4th-stage larvae after 4 h of direct contact with insecticide deposits in glass petri dishes. LD50’s for field-collected adults were determined 24 h after topical treatment with acetone solutions of insecticides using a micro-applicator.
Alfalfa, Evaluation of Insecticides Against Alfalfa Weevil, Pea Aphid, and Meadow Spittlebug, 1983
Authors: Weaver Joseph E.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied 6 May, using a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer with a boom length of 20 ft at 28 gal/acre and a pressure of 20 lb/in2 ; plant height averaged 7 in. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design on plots measuring 22 by 40 ft. Sampling consisted of one, 10-sweep sample per plot using a standard 15-in. diam. sweep-net swung in a 180° arc. Samples were collected weekly for 4 weeks and mean values compared by ANOVA. Total accumulative precipitation for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks posttreatment was 0.10, 2.29, 3.20, and 3.79 in., respectively. The combination of alsystin (an insect growth regulator (IGR)) and Baythroid (a synthetic pyrethrin) was included in these trials primarily to evaluate efficacy of a pyrethroid at very low rates AI plus an IGR for use in IMP programs for alfalfa weevil where protection of beneficial insects from chemical treatments is desired.
Corn Borer Efficacy Test, 1983
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E.
Published: March 2022

This experiment was conducted on a furrow-irrigated cornfield at the Garden City Exp. St. in Finney County, Kans. Fifteen treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Each plot was 3 m wide (4 rows) and 15 m long surrounded by a 3 m wide border of untreated corn. Chemical treatments were applied twice, on 4 and 17 Aug. with a high clearance sprayer, using a 3 m boom with three nozzles directed at each row (one nozzle directly over the row and two suspended on 46 cm drop hoses). The first application was made near the middle of the southwestern corn borer flight. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal of water/acre with 30 lb/in2 of CO2 pressure. About a week before treating the plots, four plants were selected from the center two rows of each plot and flagged. These plants were innoculated with banks grass mites in an effort to augment the natural population of banks grass mites. Counts were made by visually searching the leaves on one side of each of these marked plants (0.5 plant) for adult female mites. Corn borer counts were made in mid-Sept, by disecting 10 consecutive corn plants per plot. Grain yields were obtained by hand harvesting 18m from both of the center rows.
Foliar Sprays for Control of First Generation European Corn Borer, 1983
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: March 2022

‘Cargill 867’ field corn was planted 17 May in 36-in. rows at the Rosemount Agric. Exp. St., Rosemount, Minn. Plots were 16 row-ft, arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications. Applications of insecticides were made 5 July after shothole feeding injury and small larvae in the whorls were detected. Sprays were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre and were directed into the whorl. Leaf damage ratings, using a 1 to 9 scale, were made 25 July.
No-Till Field Corn, Yield Response to Various Insecticides for Stalk Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Brett H. , Roberts James E.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticides were evaluated for their effect on yields in a field infested with a stalk borer during the summer of 1983 in Montgomery County, Va. Corn was planted on 8 and 9 May in 38-in. rows no-till in winter rye. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design measuring four rows by 50 ft by four replicates. Plant stand counts were taken on 25 May by counting the total emerged plants in the plants in the middle two rows of each plot. Stalk borer infestations were taken on 26 May by counting the number of infested plants in the middle two rows of each plot. Insecticides were applied at two different treatment dates, an early application 31 May, and a late application 14 June. Sprayable insecticides were placed over the four rows in each plot using a backpack compressed air sprayer equipped with two fan type nozzles (Teejet 8003) and delivering 20 gal/acre at 3 mph and 30 lb/in2 . The Furadan 15G was applied using a Gandy granular applicator. Yields were determined on 28 Sept. by harvesting whole stalks of 36.1% moisture corn for ensilage from 0.0029 acre per plot.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1983
Authors: Hower Arthur A.
Published: March 2022

Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for rootworm control. The first test was conducted at the Pa. Agric. Exp. St. Farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. Northern corn rootworm is the species present at this location. The test field had been continuous corn with no insecticide treatments for 3 years. Corn was planted on 19 May, using a 6-row John Deere Max-Emerge no-till planter with 30-in. row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 15 by 90-ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in five replications. Eight insecticides were compared at 15 material-rate combinations, using either an in-furrow or banded method of application. All granular treatments were applied at planting, 19 May. The banded treatments were applied in 7-in. bands over the row. Reduction sleeves were used to contain Lorsban to a 5-in. band. Stand germination counts were taken on 21 June. On 21 and 22 June, the plots were thinned to 114 plants per 90 ft of row or a population of 22,000 per acre. On 5 Aug., the five plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yield was determined on 8 Nov. by mechanically harvesting two middle rows of each plot for shelled corn. The second test was conducted at the Yahner farm, Cambria County, Pa. Both northern and western corn rootworm were present in the field. Western corn rootworm was first detected in this county in 1982. The tilled test field had been continuous corn for more than 4 years. Corn was planted on 8 June, using a four-row John Deere no-till planter with 38-in. row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 7.5 by 126 ft plots in a randomized design with untreated checks in four replications. Four insecticides were compared at 1 lb(AI)/acre banded 7-in. over the row. All granular treatments were applied at planting. Plants were thinned to 125 plants per 100 ft row on 22 June. On 11 Aug., the five plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yield was not measured due to drought.
Field Corn, Seedcorn Maggot Larvae Control, 1983
Authors: Lawson E. C. , Tollefson J. J.
Published: March 2022

Soil insecticides for seedcorn maggot control were tested at the Johnston farm, 1 mi south of Ames, Iowa. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Seed furrows 30 ft long with 40-in. spacing were opened 28 Apr. A meat and bone meal bait was applied to the furrow at the rate of 1.5 qt/30 ft, and was watered 28 Apr. and 1 May to maintain a moist condition. Corn was hand planted and insecticides applied 6 May. Granular formulations were applied in the furrow, as a band over the furrow (T-band) or as a band after furrow closure using Noble metering units mounted on a bicycle applicator. Granules were incorporated by raking. Treatments were evaluated for feeding damage and abundance or larvae and pupae on 26-27 May. Two 1-m by ca. 13-cm trenches were dug in each treatment to a depth of slightly below seed placement. This soil sample was examined for larvae, pupae and damaged seeds. A 1/1,000-acre stand count was taken in each treatment.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1982
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Tollefson J. J.
Published: March 2022

Rootworm planting-time, soil-insecticide test plots were established at five Iowa locations in 1982. The experimental design for these tests was a randomized complete block with four replications for yield trials. The root-protection trials had 50-ft, single-row treatments and were planted at Atlantic, Nashua, Sutherland, Ames, and Earling on 30 Apr., 1 June, 4 May, 29 Apr. and 8 May, respectively. The yield trials had 50-ft, double-row treatments and were planted adjacent to the root-protection trials at Atlantic, Nashua, and Ames. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units that had been laboratory-calibrated to accurately deliver material at a tractor speed of 3 mph. Banded liquid formulations were applied with the self-contained small plot sprayer that had a Tee Jet 8003E nozzle using a pressure of 20 lb/in2. The applicators were mounted on a Model 71B, John Deere four-row unit planter. The 7-in. banded treatments were applied in front of the press wheels and incorporated with drag chains. Furrow treatments placed the insecticide directly in the seed furrow before it was closed. Rootworm feeding was evaluated by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage on the Iowa 1 to 6 scale (1, equal to no feeding and 6 equal to 3 nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken when the angle between a plant and the ground was 45 degrees or less. Yields were determined by machine harvesting 1/195 acre and converting the data to bu/acre of No.2 shelled corn at 15.5% moisture.
Field Evaluation of Granular Soil Insecticides for Control of the Sugarcane Bettle, Eutheola Rugiceps (Leconte) in Field Corn, 1983
Authors: Riley Thomas J.
Published: March 2022

Five granular soil insecticides labeled for control of corn rootworm were tested in the field for effectiveness against the sugarcane beetle. ‘Pioneer Brand 3030’ field corn was used in the test. The corn was planted 13 May at the LSU St Gabriel Exp. Stn., Iberville Parish. Insecticides were applied using a two-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry pint jars of insecticide. The jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7 in. band or in-furrow applicator to obtain the desired placement of insecticide. The diameter of a single central hole in the lid of each jar determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides, other than Mocap, were applied ahead of the press wheel and were further incorporated by a drag chain attached to the rear of the planter. All Mocap treatments were applied behind the press wheel and incorporated by the drag chain. Corn seeds were planted in a conventional manner at the same time as insecticide application. A completely randomized block design was used with three replications. Each treatment consisted of a 6 ft by 6 ft by 6 ft Saran screen cage placed over two treated rows of corn. The cages were installed and 100 sugarcane beetles placed in each on 27 May. The effectiveness of the insecticides was evaluated on 31 May by removing the cage and counting the number of dead plants and dead beetles in the caged treated area. Beetles were recovered by sifting all the soil in the caged area to a depth of 10 in. through 0.25 in. hardware cloth screen sieves. The soil in the experimental area was a silt-sand, recent alluvial soil with good drainage. Six inches of precipitaiton fell on the test area between planting and infestation. Temperature maximums and minimums at ground level within the cages during the infestation period were 96 and 60°F, respectively.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Witkowski J.F.
Published: March 2022

Foliar treatments of registered and nonregistered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to dry land corn plots in Dixon County, Neb. on 3 July. Granular insecticides were applied in 15 gal of water/acre at 2 mph at 17 lb/in2. with a specially modified back pack sprayer. Each single row plot was 100 ft. Experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. Before insecticide application 10 consecutive plants in each plot were infested with approximately 60 first-instar borer larvae using a hand-held inoculator. In mid-Aug., artificially infested corn plants were split in half from tassel to the ground, examined, and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Apple, Tufted Apple Budmoth Control and Timing, 1983
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Meagher Robert L.
Published: March 2022

An experiment was designed to determine an optimum period for controlling TABM as well as to evaluate various insectidices and insecticide combinations. Sprays were applied to four- or five-tree plots arranged in a randomized block design consisting of five replicates of each treatment. Each plot consisted of alternating ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘York Imperial’ trees. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gal/acre per alternate side driven at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amounts per acre per both sides (50 gal/acre). Effects of treatments on ERM were evaluated by counting mites several times during the season from samples of 15 leaves per tree (Yorks only), 90 leaves per treatment. Effects of sprays on S.punctum were evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops (Yorks only) after 1 Jul. and one pick sample at harvest (Golds and Yorks). Apple samples averaged 278 fruits per replicate and 1,390 per treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton With Igr’S and Microbial Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G.
Published: March 2022

A full season study was conducted at the plant sci. Res. Farm of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn., Mississippi State, to determine the efficacy of microbial insecticides and insect growth regulators at various rates and application intervals for control of Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted to Stoneville 213 on 27 May. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (3.66 m) by 17.06 m with two buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.6 gal/acre total volume at 30 lb/in2. through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Treatments were applied during the period 3 to 19 Aug. at intervals shown in the data table. All plots were sprayed for boll weevil suppression on 30 June; 8, 18, 22, and 29 July; 10, 22 and 24 Aug. with Guthion (0.25 lb (AI)/acre). Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 10 Aug., by randomly examining 25 squares and 25 terminals per plot. Yield data were taken on 10 Nov. by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton with Chemical Larvicides and Ovicides, 1983
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G.
Published: March 2022

A full season study was conducted at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn., Mississippi State, to evaluate the efficacy of larvicides and larvicide/ovicide combinations for control of Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted to ‘Stoneville 213’ on 7 May. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (3.66 m) by 17.06 m with two buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.6 gal/acre total volume at 30 lb/in2. through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Five early season applications were made to four of the plots on 29 June and 6, 11, 15 and 22 Jul. Treatments were initiated at presquare (29 Jun.) and continued through 22 Jul. Differences were not detected in mid-late season applications were made on all plots at about weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on 26 Jul, and 3, 9, 7, 17, and 23 Aug. All plots were sprayed for boll weevil suppression on 30 Jun., 8, 18, 22, and 29 Jul., and 10, 22 and 24 Aug., with Guthion (0.25 lb (AI)/acre). Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 4 and 12 Aug., by examining 25 random squares and 25 random terminals per plot. Yield data were taken on 10 Nov. by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Effect of Chlordimeform Applied in Three Different Carries on Yield, 1983
Authors: Gallaher Martin L.
Published: March 2022

The objective of this test was to determine which carrier was best suited for the application of chlordimeform on cotton. ‘Delcot 390’ variety cotton was planted 21 May on the Univ. of Missouri’s Delta Center Lee Farm near Portageville (Pemiscot County), Mo. Plots were eight rows by 100 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. Chlordimeform was applied to the center four rows with a Hahn high-clearance sprayer. Fundal SP was mixed with equal parts of water to be used with the fertilizer and oil carriers. Fundal 4EC was used with the water carrier and mixed according to labeled directions. Galecron 4EC was mixed with oil. Pinhead square treatments were initiated 8 Jul., additional treatments were applied 15 Jul. and 20 Jul. Water carried chlordimeform was applied with a four-row boom at the rate of 4 gal/acre (5 mph, 30 lb/in2 , one TX-12 cone spray nozzle per row) through an air pressurized system. Oil and 10-10-10 fertilizer carried chlordimeform was applied with a four row boom at the rate of 2.38 qt/acre (8.8 mph, 20 lb/in2. , one Micro-max nozzle, #20 orifice per row) through an air pressurized system. Yield data were determined by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot on 3 Oct.
Chemical Control Demonstration of Thrips on Cotton, 1983
Authors: Gallaher Martin L. , Kowalski Edward L.
Published: March 2022

‘Delcot 390’ variety was planted on 21 May on the Univ. of Missouri Delta Center Lee Farm near Portageville (Pemiscot County), Mo. Plots were eight rows by 100 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. Insecticides were applied to the center four rows with a Hahn high-clearance sprayer at the rate of 4 gal per acre total volume using water as a carrier; and 2.38 qt per acre total volume using soybean oil (SBOC Standard) as a carrier. Water applications were made using (1) TX-12 nozzle per row at 30 lb/in2 at 5 mph, and oil applications were made using Micro max CDA’s with a #20 orifice at 2000 rpm at 20 lb/in2 at 8.8 mph.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevils in Alabama, 1983
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. , Fleischer S. J. , Walker L.
Published: March 2022

A field evaluation of insecticides to conrol boll weevils was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn Univ., Tallassee, Ala. Cotton was planted on 28 Apr., in 40-in. rows. Four replicates of eight treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 18 rows by 100 ft with 25 ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer at the rate of 9 gal spray per acre (2.0 mph, 60 lb/in2 , two Teejet TX6 80° nozzles per row). Plots were treated for weevils on 9, 15, and 30 Aug., and 2, 9, and 16 Sep. Plots wre oversprayed on 9, 15 Aug., and 2 Sep. with Fundal and Bolstar to suppress bollworms. Damage was estimated by examining 25 squares collected at random from the middle of each plot. Weevil populations were considered moderate to heavy during the testing period.