bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Value of Arterial Spin Labeling Imaging in the Classification and
Prognostic Evaluation of Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Wang Jianing , Li Jia , Yin Xiaoping , Zhou Huan , Zheng Yating , Ma Xi , Liu Huaijun
Published: September 2021

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the correlation between cerebral blood flow
(CBF) values and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
(HIE), the relationship between early CBF value changes and the prognosis of neonatal
HIE, and the consistency between the clinical grading and magnetic resonance (MR) grading of
HIE.

Methods:

Forty neonates with HIE were scanned using the three-dimensional arterial spin labeling
(ASL) sequencing of the cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). These newborns were classified
as having mild, moderate and severe HIE, according to the clinical grading, and as being normal
or having mild, moderate, or severe HIE, according to the MRI grading. Then, the consistency
of these two grading systems was compared. Afterwards, the differences in the CBF values of neonates
in groups with mild, moderate and severe HIE were compared. In addition, these neonates
were grouped according to their NBNA scores. A score of ≥35 was considered a good prognosis,
while a score of ≤35 was considered a poor prognosis. The differences in CBF values between these
two groups were compared, and the correlation between the CBF values and NBNA scores was
determined.

Results:

There was a strong consistency between the evaluation results for the clinical grading and
MR grading (kappa value = 0.672, P<0.001). The differences in CBF values for the basal ganglia
(BG) area and thalamus, and the differences in NBNA scores for groups with mild, moderate, or severe
HIE were statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences between the poor prognosis group
and the good prognosis group, in terms of the CBF values for the BG area and thalamus, and the
NBNA scores were statistically significant (P<0.05). The CBF values in the BG region and thalamus
were closely and negatively correlated with the NBNA scores.

Conclusion:

Early CBF values in the BG area and thalamus can objectively and visually reflect the
severity of the HIE, and be used to predict the outcome of functional brain damage, allowing early
neuroprotective treatment to be initiated. The higher the perfusion in the BG region and thalamus,
the lower the NBNA score, and the worse the prognosis would likely be. ASL combined with the
NBNA score provides a more comprehensive classification for HIE and a more accurate assessment
of the clinical prognosis, providing more medical imaging information for early clinical treatment.
NEP1-40-overexpressing Neural Stem Cells Enhance Axon Regeneration
by Inhibiting Nogo-A/NgR1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Bi , Wang Dalin , Li Xusheng , Yang Shengsen , Yuan Haifeng
Published: September 2021

Background:

Nogo-66 antagonistic peptide (NEP1-40) offers the potential to improve
spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objective:

To explore the effect of NEP1-40 overexpression on neural stem cells (NSCs) regulating
the axon regeneration of injured neurons.

Methods:

We isolated NSCs from brain tissues of pregnant rat fetuses and used Nestin immunofluorescence
to identify them. The NEP1-40 overexpressing NSCs were constructed by transfection
with the NEP1-40-overexpressing vector. The expression of NSCs differentiation associated markers,
including Tuj-1, GFAP, Oligo2, and MBP, were detected by RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence.
NeuN immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the number of neurons.
And western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of LIMK1/2, cofilin, and
MLC-2 and the protein levels of GAP-43, MAP-2, and APP.

Results:

The NEP1-40 overexpression promoted the expression level of Tuj-1, Oligo2, and MBP,
and increased the number of Tuj-1, Oligo2, and MBP positive cells. NEP1-40-overexpressing
NSCs (NEP-NSCs) improved NeuN positive cells of co-culture with injured neurons. And NEP-NSCs
also increased the protein levels of axon regeneration indicators (GAP-43, MAP-2) and decreased
APP protein level. In addition, the phosphorylation level of LIMK1/2, cofilin, and MLC-2
were markedly decreased in NEP-NSCs.

Conclusion:

NEP1-40 overexpression enhanced the ability of NSCs differentiation into neurons
and promoted axon regeneration by inhibiting the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway. This study
provides an alternative gene modified transplantation NSCs for the SCI treatment.
Embryonic Ectoderm Development (EED) as a Novel Target for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Cook Nicholas , Chen Jianping , Zhou Jia , Wu Daqing
Published: September 2021

The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) can methylate at lysine 27 of histone H3 at
the trimethylation level (H3K27me3). This leads to gene silencing and is known to be dysregulated in
many cancers. PRC2 is made up of three core subunits: EZH2, SUZ12, and EED. EED is essential for
the regulation of PRC2 function by binding to H3K27me3. Targeting the allosteric site within EED
offers new strategies to disrupt the PRC2 activity. In this minireview, we summarize some of the
recent developments in small molecules that target EED and its interaction with other core proteins in
the PRC2 complex.
Antioxidant Enzymes and Weight Gain in Drug-naive First-episode Schizophrenia
Patients Treated with Risperidone for 12 Weeks: A Prospective
Longitudinal Study
Authors: Liu Haixia , Yu Rui , Gao Yanan , Li Xirong , Guan Xiaoni , Thomas Kosten , Xiu Meihong , Zhang Xiangyang
Published: September 2021

:

Oxidative stress plays an important role in weight gain induced by antipsychotics in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, little is known about how antioxidant enzymes are involved in weight gain caused by risperidone monotherapy in antipsychotics-naïve first-episode (ANFE) patients with SCZ. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of risperidone on several antioxidant enzymes in patients with ANFE SCZ and the relationship between weight gain and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. The activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 225 ANFE patients and 125 healthy controls. Patients were treated with risperidone monotherapy for 12 weeks. Clinical symptoms, antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA levels were measured at baseline and during follow-up.
Compared with healthy controls, the patients showed higher activities of SOD and CAT, but lower MDA levels and GPx activity. At baseline, the CAT activity was associated with bodyweight or BMI. Further, based on a 7% weight increase from baseline to follow-up, we found 75 patients in the weight gain (WG) group and 150 patients in the non-WG group. Comparison between WG group and non-WG group at baseline and during the 12-week follow-up, it was found that after treatment, the SOD activity in the WG group increased while the MDA level decreased in non-WG group. Moreover, baseline SOD and GPx activities were predictors of weight gain at 12-week follow-up. These results suggest that the antioxidant defense system may have predictive value for the weight gain of ANFE SCZ patients after risperidone treatment.
A Review on the Role of Transition Metals in Selenylation Reactions
Authors: Morajkar Rasmi V. , Fatrekar Adarsh P. , Mohanty Abhijeet , Vernekar Amit A.
Published: September 2021

:

Organoselenium chemistry has emerged as a distinctive area of research with tremen-dous utility in the synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically active molecules. Significant syn-thetic approaches have been made for the construction of C-Se bonds, which are useful in other or-ganic transformations. This review focuses on the versatility of transition metal-mediated selenyla-tion reactions, providing insights into various synthetic pathways and mechanistic details. Fur-thermore, this review aims to offer a broad perspective for designing efficient and novel catalysts to incorporate organoselenium moiety into the inert C-H bonds.
A Systematic Review on Synthetic and Antimicrobial Bioactivity of the
Multifaceted Hydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Ansari Afrin , Tauro Savita , Asirvatham Sahaya
Published: September 2021

:

To overcome the upsurge of antimicrobial resistance that has emerged in recent years,
there is a need for the development of newer hits having satisfying anti-infective activity. Hydrazides
incorporated with an azomethine hydrogen account for a cardinal class of molecules for the
development of newer derivatives. Hydrazide derivatives have gained considerable interest of medicinal
chemists owing to their diverse bioactivity. In the present review, we have attempted to
compile the recent trends in the synthesis of hydrazides and their substituted derivatives. The structural
features that lead to the desired antimicrobial activity are highlighted, which will lead the way
for synthetic and medicinal chemists to focus on newer designs in this arena.
Controlled Alignment of Nanowires for Transparent Conductive Films:
Methods and Applications
Authors: Li Ruo-Zhou , Yan Jing , Fang Yuming , Li Zheng , Yu Ying
Published: September 2021

Background:

Nanowires (NWs) have received extensive attention as the candidate materials
for transparent conductive films (TCFs) in recent years. To date, the aligned nanowire (NW)-
based TCFs with the same arrangement direction have shown superior characteristics to their random
counterparts in applications.

Objective:

To fully develop the potential of NW TCFs in devices and provide inspiration for the
development of subsequent NW alignment processes, this review summarizes state-of-the-art alignment
techniques and emphasizes their mechanisms in detail from multiple perspectives.

Methods:

According to the mechanism of NW alignment, this review divides these techniques into
seven categories, i.e., the assisted assembly of fluid flow, meniscus, pressure, template, electromagnetic
field, contact and strain, and analyzes the characteristics of these techniques. Moreover, by
briefly enumerating the applications of aligned NW films in solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes,
and touch screens, the superiority of aligned NW films over random NW films is also addressed.

Results:

Contact-assisted assembly exhibits the best arrangement effect, reaching a 98.6% alignment
degree within ±1°. Under the same conditions, shorter NWs show better alignment in several cases.
The combination of various assembly techniques is also an effective means to improve the alignment
effect.

Conclusion:

There is still room for improvement in the precise control of NW position, density, and
orientation in a simple, efficient and compatible process. Therefore, follow-up research work is
needed to conquer these problems. Moreover, a process that can realize NWs’ alignment and film
patterning simultaneously is also a desirable scheme for fabricating personalized devices.
Inflammation in Asthma Pathogenesis: Role of T Cells, Macrophages,
Epithelial Cells and Type 2 Inflammation
Authors: Alobaidi Amina Hamed , Alsamarai Abdulghani Mohamed , Alsamarai Mohamed Almoustafa
Published: September 2021

:

Asthma is a chronic disease with abnormal inflammatory and immunological responses.
The disease initiates by antigens in subjects with genetic susceptibility. However, environmental
factors play a role in the initiation and exacerbation of asthma attack. Asthma is a T-helper 2
(Th2)-cell-mediated disease. Recent studies indicate that asthma is not a single disease entity, but it
occurs with multiple phenotypes and endotypes. The pathophysiological changes in asthma include
a series of continuous vicious circles of cellular activation contributing to the induction of
chemokines and cytokines that potentiate inflammation. The heterogeneity of asthma influences
the treatment response. The asthma pathogenesis is driven by varied sets of cells, such as
eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, macrophages, epithelial cells, and T cells. Macrophages induce
a set of mediators that are involved in asthma pathogenesis and include MIF, Prostaglandin, CXCR3L,
IL-12, IL-1ß, TSLP, IL-18, IL-33, LTC4, MMP-2, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-ß and IL-27.
While, T-cells mediators effect in asthma is induced via TNF-α, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-ß, IL-27, Tim,
GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, INF- γ, and PPAR γ. However, the epithelial cells induced mediators
potentiate proinflammatory effects, increase the number of Th2 cells, activate dendritic cells, increase
the number of mast cells, and recruit eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, T-cells, monocytes
and dendritic cells. In this review, the role of T cells, macrophages, and epithelial cells is discussed.
Phytotherapeutics against Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanism, Molecular Targets and Challenges for Drug Development
Authors: Gayathri S. , Raghu Chandrashekar H. , Fayaz S.M.
Published: September 2021

:

Alzheimer’s disease is inflating worldwide and is combatted by only a few approved drugs. At best, these drugs treat symptomatic conditions by targeting cholinesterase and N-methyl- D-aspartate receptors. Most of the clinical trials in progress are focused on developing disease-modifying agents that aim at single targets. The ‘one drug-one target’ approach is failing in the case of Alzheimer’s disease due to its labyrinth etiopathogenesis. Traditional medicinal systems like Ayurveda use a holistic approach encompassing the legion of medicinal plants exhibiting multimodal activity. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have catapulted the research in the arena of Ayurveda, specifically in identifying plants with potent anti-Alzheimer’s disease properties and their phytochemical characterization. Nonetheless, clinical trials of very few herbal medicines are in progress. This review is a compendium of Indian plants and ayurvedic medicines against Alzheimer’s disease and their paraphernalia. A record of 230 plants that are found in India with anti-Alzheimer’s disease potential and about 500 phytochemicals from medicinal plants have been solicited with the hope of exploring the unexplored. Further, the molecular targets of phytochemicals isolated from commonly used medicinal plants, such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera, have been reviewed with respect to their multidimensional property, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aggregation, synaptic plasticity modulation, cognition, and memory-enhancing activity. In addition, the strengths and challenges in ayurvedic medicine that limit its use as mainstream therapy are discussed, and a framework for the development of herbal medicine has been proposed.
The Mediating Role of Transportation Practices during the COVID-19 Crisis in Thailand
Authors: Aunyawong Wissawa , Wararatchai Preecha , Shaharudin Mohd R. , Hirunpat Anchalee , Rodpangwan Sittiporn
Published: September 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the influence of organisational driving forces on transportation practices during the COVID-19 crisis and the effect on the sustainability supply chain performance of Thailand’s logistics service providers.

Methods:

The study used the explanatory-sequential mixed-method research design technique. The sample included 250 logistics service providers in Thailand. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample. A focus group discussion was conducted with three logistics experts and seven logistics service provider’s top executives, totalling ten key informants. The data gathered was analysed using structural equation modelling to perform a confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis.

Results:

The results found that organisational driving forces and transportation practices during the COVID-19 crisis have typically affected sustainability supply chain performance. In addition, the mediation effects of transportation practices during the COVID-19 crisis have unveiled partial mediation in the presence of a direct effect. The qualitative study was found to be consistent with the quantitative method findings from the logistics industry-specific contexts.

Conclusion:

Overall, the results provide support for the contention of the contingency theory. Thailand logistics service providers can use the results to plan the supply chain management works, outline the strategy of the organisation, and develop the business to be more competitive.
Toward Data-Driven Radiation Oncology Using Standardized Terminology as a Starting Point: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Cihoric Nikola , Badra Eugenia Vlaskou , Stenger-Weisser Anna , Aebersold Daniel M , Pavic Matea
Published: September 2021

Background

The inability to seamlessly exchange information across radiation therapy ecosystems is a limiting factor in the pursuit of data-driven clinical practice. The implementation of semantic interoperability is a prerequisite for achieving the full capacity of the latest developments in personalized and precision medicine, such as mathematical modeling, advanced algorithmic information processing, and artificial intelligence approaches.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the state of terminology resources (TRs) dedicated to radiation oncology as a prerequisite for an oncology semantic ecosystem. The goal of this cross-sectional analysis is to quantify the state of the art in radiation therapy specific terminology.

Methods

The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) was searched for the following terms: radio oncology, radiation oncology, radiation therapy, and radiotherapy. We extracted 6509 unique concepts for further analysis. We conducted a quantitative analysis of available source vocabularies (SVs) and analyzed all UMLS SVs according to the route source, number, author, location of authors, license type, the lexical density of TR, and semantic types. Descriptive data are presented as numbers and percentages.

Results

The concepts were distributed across 35 SVs. The median number of unique concepts per SV was 5 (range 1-5479), with 14% (5/35) of SVs containing 94.59% (6157/6509) of the concepts. The SVs were created by 29 authors, predominantly legal entities registered in the United States (25/35, 71%), followed by international organizations (6/35, 17%), legal entities registered in Australia (2/35, 6%), and the Netherlands and the United Kingdom with 3% (1/35) of authors each. Of the total 35 SVs, 16 (46%) did not have any restrictions on use, whereas for 19 (54%) of SVs, some level of restriction was required. Overall, 57% (20/35) of SVs were updated within the last 5 years. All concepts found within radiation therapy SVs were labeled with one of the 29 semantic types represented within UMLS. After removing the stop words, the total number of words for all SVs together was 56,219, with a median of 25 unique words per SV (range 3-50,682). The total number of unique words in all SVs was 1048, with a median of 19 unique words per vocabulary (range 3-406). The lexical density for all concepts within all SVs was 0 (0.02 rounded to 2 decimals). Median lexical density per unique SV was 0.7 (range 0.0-1.0). There were no dedicated radiation therapy SVs.

Conclusions

We did not identify any dedicated TRs for radiation oncology. Current terminologies are not sufficient to cover the need of modern radiation oncology practice and research. To achieve a sufficient level of interoperability, of the creation of a new, standardized, universally accepted TR dedicated to modern radiation therapy is required.
Integration of Web Analytics Into Graduate Medical Education: Usability Study
Authors: Massanelli Jackson , Sexton Kevin W , Lesher Chris T , Jensen Hanna K , Kimbrough Mary K , Privratsky Anna , Taylor John R , Bhavaraju Avi
Published: September 2021

Background

Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of website and web application usage data. While common in the e-commerce arena, web analytics is underutilized in graduate medical education (GME).

Objective

The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Department of Surgery website was revamped with input from in-house surgeons in August 2017. This study investigated the use of web analytics to gauge the impact of our department’s website redesign project.

Methods

Google Analytics software was used to measure website performance before and after implementation of the new website. Eight-month matched periods were compared. Factors tracked included total users, new users, total sessions, sessions per user, pages per session, average session duration, total page views, and bounce rate (the percentage of visitors who visit a site and then leave [ie, bounce] without continuing to another page on the same site).

Results

Analysis using a nonpaired Student t test demonstrated a statistically significant increase for total page views (before vs after: 33,065 vs 81,852; P<.001) and decrease for bounce rate (before vs after: 50.70% vs 0.23%; P<.001). Total users, new users, total sessions, sessions per user, and pages per session showed improvement. The average session duration was unchanged. Subgroup analysis showed that after the main page, the next 3 most frequently visited pages were related to GME programs in our department.

Conclusions

Web analytics is a practical measure of a website’s efficacy. Our data suggest that a modern website significantly improves user engagement. An up-to-date website is essential for contemporary GME recruitment, will likely enhance engagement of residency applicants with GME programs, and warrants further investigation.
Assessing the Views of Professionals, Patients, and Care Partners Concerning the Use of Computer Tools in Memory Clinics: International Survey Study
Authors: van Gils Aniek M , Visser Leonie NC , Hendriksen Heleen MA , Georges Jean , Muller Majon , Bouwman Femke H , van der Flier Wiesje M , Rhodius-Meester Hanneke FM
Published: September 2021

Background

Computer tools based on artificial intelligence could aid clinicians in memory clinics in several ways, such as by supporting diagnostic decision-making, web-based cognitive testing, and the communication of diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective

This study aims to identify the preferences as well as the main barriers and facilitators related to using computer tools in memory clinics for all end users, that is, clinicians, patients, and care partners.

Methods

Between July and October 2020, we sent out invitations to a web-based survey to clinicians using the European Alzheimer’s Disease Centers network and the Dutch Memory Clinic network, and 109 clinicians participated (mean age 45 years, SD 10; 53/109, 48.6% female). A second survey was created for patients and care partners. They were invited via Alzheimer Europe, Alzheimer’s Society United Kingdom, Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, and Amsterdam Aging Cohort. A total of 50 patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia (mean age 73 years, SD 8; 17/34, 34% female) and 46 care partners (mean age 65 years, SD 12; 25/54, 54% female) participated in this survey.

Results

Most clinicians reported a willingness to use diagnostic (88/109, 80.7%) and prognostic (83/109, 76.1%) computer tools. User-friendliness (71/109, 65.1%); Likert scale mean 4.5, SD 0.7), and increasing diagnostic accuracy (76/109, 69.7%; mean 4.3, SD 0.7) were reported as the main factors stimulating the adoption of a tool. Tools should also save time and provide clear information on reliability and validity. Inadequate integration with electronic patient records (46/109, 42.2%; mean 3.8, SD 1.0) and fear of losing important clinical information (48/109, 44%; mean 3.7, SD 1.2) were most frequently indicated as barriers. Patients and care partners were equally positive about the use of computer tools by clinicians, both for diagnosis (69/96, 72%) and prognosis (73/96, 76%). In addition, most of them thought favorably regarding the possibility of using the tools themselves.

Conclusions

This study showed that computer tools in memory clinics are positively valued by most end users. For further development and implementation, it is essential to overcome the technical and practical barriers of a tool while paying utmost attention to its reliability and validity.
Effectiveness of Telehealth Interventions for Women With Postpartum Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Liuhong , Chen Jingfen , Lan Liuying , Deng Ni , Liao Yan , Yue Liqun , Chen Innie , Wen Shi Wu , Xie Ri-hua
Published: September 2021

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health problem with serious adverse consequences for affected women and their infants. Clinical trials have found that telehealth interventions for women with PPD result in increased accessibility and improved treatment effectiveness. However, no comprehensive synthesis of evidence from clinical trials by systematic review has been conducted.

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in reducing depressive symptoms and anxiety in women with PPD. To enhance the homogeneity and interpretability of the findings, this systematic review focuses on PPD measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).

Methods

PubMed, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI, and Wanfang were electronically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of telehealth interventions for women with PPD from inception to February 28, 2021. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

Following the search, 9 RCTs with a total of 1958 women with PPD were included. The EPDS (mean difference=–2.99, 95% CI –4.52 to –1.46; P<.001) and anxiety (standardized mean difference=–0.39, 95% CI –0.67 to –0.12; P=.005) scores were significantly lower in the telehealth group compared with the control group. Significant subgroup differences were found in depressive symptoms according to the severity of PPD, telehealth technology, specific therapy, and follow-up time (P<.001).

Conclusions

Telehealth interventions could effectively reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety in women with PPD. However, better designed and more rigorous large-scale RCTs targeting specific therapies are needed to further explore the potential of telehealth interventions for PPD.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42021258541; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=258541
Pooled coverage of community based health insurance scheme enrolment in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. (Preprint)
Authors: Tahir Ahmed , Omer Abdilahi , Elmi Abdifatah
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) is a type of health insurance program that provides financial protection against the cost of illness and improving access to health care services for communities engaged in the informal sector. In Ethiopia, the coverage of CBHI enrolment varies across regions and decision of household enrolment is affected by different factors.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the pooled coverage of CBHI enrolment in Ethiopia to understand its policy implications.

METHODS

The systematic review and meta-analysis was done by adhering the PRISMA guideline with exhaustive search in PubMed/Medline, HINARI, SCOPUS and Google scholar complemented by manual search. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed quality of studies. The I2 test statistic was used to test heterogeneity among studies. The overall coverage of CBHI scheme was estimated by using random-effects model.

RESULTS

Among 269 identified, 17 studies were included in this meta-analysis and the overall coverage of CBHI scheme was 45% (95% CI 35%, 55%) in Ethiopia. The sub-group analysis shows higher enrolment rate 55.97(95%CI: 41.68, 69.77) in earlier (2016-2017) studies than recent 37.33(95%CI: 24.82, 50.77) studies (2018-2020).

CONCLUSIONS

The pooled coverage of CBHI enrolment is low in Ethiopia compared the national target of 80% set for 2020. It is also concentrated in only major regions of the country. Due attention to be given to improving geographic expansion of CBHI and to the declining coverages with in the CBHI implementing regions by addressing the main bottlenecks restraining coverages.

CLINICALTRIAL

Registration: the protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was published in PROSPERO with registration number: CRD42021252762
A Unique Tribe of Telangana Koyas
Authors: Yellaiah Gatti
Published: September 2021

The world is the boon of human by the god. Still, there are unrevealed tribal people are inhabiting in the deep jungle of the forst throughout the world. Koya is also one of the tribe of tribal who lives in jungle. These are the people who are just like connecting liks between the people who live in deep foresst and the people who live in open lands in the modern socities. Their living style is different and it seem to be the primitive one, even in the modern and tech world they are giving priority to the way of traditional life style only.
MORONIC ACID: A REVIEW
Authors: RANI RITU , SINGH AJEET PAL , SINGH AMAR PAL
Published: September 2021

Moronic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid made up of olean-18-ene with an oxo group at position 3 and a carboxy group at position 28. It's made from an oleanane hydride. A few investigations have demonstrated that Moronic acid a wide scope of pharmacological effects such as Antidiabetic activity, Anti-AIDS agents, Chemotherapeutic agents, Virus lytic, Anti-HIV, Cytotoxic activity, Anti-herpes, Antimicrobial activity, Ribosome-loaded mRNAs.
FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AQUEOUS INJECTION CONTAINING POORLY SOLUBLE DRUG USING MIXED HYDROTROPIC SOLUBILIZATION
Authors: DARAJI NEELKUMAR K. , PATEL VIPUL P. , RAMANI VINODKUMAR D.
Published: September 2021

Objective: Mefenamic acid (MFA) is an NSAID that exhibits anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic activity. Peak plasma levels are attained in 2-4 h and the elimination half-life approximates 2 h, repetitive administration of tablets for 3-5 times a day is desired. It is supplied only in the form of tablets for oral administration. In acute conditions drug administered parenterally could give rapid relief from severe symptoms like pain. Thus, formulation of injectable formulation of MFA could be better alternative compared to conventional tablet dosage form. The low aqueous solubility of MFA precludes its use in parenteral formulation development.

Methods: In this work attempt were made to enhance the aqueous solubility of mefenamic acid using mixed solvency technique. For that different hydrotropic agents such as Urea, Sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate and their blends were evaluated. Optimal concentration of hydrotropic agent in blend was determined using D-optimal mixture experimental design. The optimized bled was used to develop the aqueous injection of mefenamic acid. The developed injection was subjected for various quality control tests and stability of developed formulation was also evaluated.

Results: The aqueous solubility in optimized blend of hydrotropic agent batches (U: SA: SB: SC, 4:4:23:9 %w/v) showed 835.71-fold compared to MFA solubility in distilled water. The quality control tests for parenteral formulation and accelerated stability study were found to be within prescribed limits and stable.

Conclusion: The inadequate solubility of MFA was overcome, and aqueous injection was successfully developed which can be serve as cost effective treatment in various indications.
Representation of two Contrary States of Human Soul: Songs of Innocence and Experience by William Blake
Authors: Jha Dr. Suprita
Published: September 2021

It is difficult to ignore the basic point about William Blake that though chronologically he is an eighteenth-century poet, he is a highly gifted and immensely successful lyric poet. While Blake’s poetry may or may not have the pleasantness of great poetry, it is perhaps true that Blake has no notable predecessors and no followers. He consistently stresses the importance of freedom, as opposed to the tyranny that he feels to be characteristic of the government of his day, and attacks negative moralizing, which he associates with the church, as opposed to a true sense of religion. The Songs of Innocence and of Experience occupy a vital place in the corpus of Blake’s poetical writings. This is so because these Songs are as much the product of Blake’s earlier writings as the pointer to his future writings. The kind of philosophical tone that we encounter in The Songs of Innocence and of Experience is indeed astounding. It is said that Blake looked upon poetry as something that is dictated by spirits, or as the result of inspiration, but he was also aware of the role of the poet to bring out certain truths of human life in front of the people in a symbolic way. There is no doubt about the fact that in the corpus of English Poetry no other poet has got as much success, if equal but certainly not more, as Blake. The present paper is mainly focused on the philosophical appeal and symbolic portrayal of human existence that the Songs of William Blake illustrate to us.
Los retos educativos durante la pandemia de COVID-19: segunda encuesta a profesoras y profesores de la UNAM
Authors: de Agüero Servín Mercedes , Benavides Lara Mario Alberto , Rendón Cazales Jesús , Pompa Mansilla Maura , Hernández-Romo Alan Kristian , Hernández-Martínez Ana María del Pilar , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor
Published: September 2021

Identificar las problemáticas, necesidades de formación, herramientas digitales y prácticas de enseñanza —interacciones y evaluación— de los profesores de la unam durante los tres primeros meses de confinamiento por la pandemia.
The Application of Micromechanical Modeling to Study the Non-Linear Behavior of Flexible Pavement under Truck Loading in Pakistan
Authors: Khurshid Ajab
Published: September 2021

Abstract: This report presents the work done to create a 3D model of a pavement structure, which incorporates in a most accurately way non damaging effects of asphalt layer considering the different layers that compose the pavement structure. A series of approaches have been considered from linear viscoelastic modelling using Maxwell model via UMAT subroutine to integrated viscoelastic response using Prony series available in the built in ABAQUS material library. During this work also other effects have been considered including the viscoelastic behaviour caused by creep, which is included via a separate CREEP subroutine. In order to predict also the non-linear effect of viscous elastic response the well-known Schapery's nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model was considered. Implementing 3D Schapery’s model can be done by using again user material subroutine UMAT. It was found that the use of a nonlinear viscoelastic model substantially transformed the pavement response. A series of python scripts have been developed to create a multi-step analysis to simulate a cyclic loading application. Keywords: Viscoelasticity, Abaqus. Asphalt, Damage, Simulation, Modelling, Pavement design
Implementation And Factors That Affect Online Learning In Biology Lessons
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari , Wardhani Sri , Indawan Indawan
Published: September 2021

Background: Online learning changes the learning pattern that is usually done face-to-face into a distance education system, so there will be factors that influence it.  This also has an impact on biology lessons at Xaverius High School Lubuklinggau.  This study aims to determine the perception of the implementation of online learning in biology lessons and determine the factors that influence it.  Methods: this research uses descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation which are then analyzed by technical analysis of Miles & Huberman.  The research subjects were biology teachers and all students of grades X, XI, and XII science at Xaverius High School Lubuklinggau.  Results: the implementation of learning in biology lessons that have been carried out at Xaverius Lubuklinggau High School there are planning, implementation and evaluation activities as well as face-to-face learning, but in the implementation there are factors that influence, namely the material cannot be explained, the response of class X students is less active,  supervision of the assessment, the ability of teachers to use various educational applications, difficulty in assessing the character of students, some students do not understand the material provided, and the learning environment.  Conclusion.  The implementation of online learning that is applied there are still planning, implementation and evaluation activities, but in the implementation there are several factors that influence both supporting and inhibiting factors.
ANALISIS IDENTITAS BUDAYA LOKAL PADA FILM TOBA DREAMS SUTRADARA BENNI SETIAWAN MELALUI MISE EN SCENE DAN DIALOG
Authors: Manesah Dani
Published: September 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul Analisis Identitas Budaya Lokal Pada Film Toba Dreams Sutradara Benni Setiawan Melalui Mise en scenedan Dialog.Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis identitas budaya Batak Toba dan memaparkan wujud budaya tersebut melalui mise-en-scene dan dialog yang terdapat pada film Toba Dreams Sutradara Benni Setiawan.Identitas budaya lokal tersebut dapat dilihat melalui wujud – wujud budaya. Wujud budaya Batak Toba tersebut dapat dilihat melalui aspek mise-en-scene (setting, kostum dan make up, pergerakan pemain) dan dialog.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, dimana objek dalam penelitian ini adalah film Toba Dreams Sutradara Benni Setiawan.Adapun hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa identitas budaya Batak Toba dapat dilihat dari wujud budaya yang terdapat pada film Toba Dreams Sutradara Benni Setiawan seperti aspek mise-en-scene dan dialog seperti setting ruang dan waktu cerita, kostum dan make up yang digunakan oleh pemain, pergerakan akting dan karakter pemian, serta dialog yang diucapkan oleh para pemain
STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF SMART AND INNOVATIVE DELOCALIZATION PRACTICES ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Authors: Assabane Ibrahim , EL Imrani Ouail , Bourekkadi Salmane , Aboulhassane Ali , Mounir Jerry
Published: September 2021

Faced with cumulative competition linked to the globalization of markets and increasingly stringent requirements in terms of performance, many companies are led to ask the question of delocalization part or all of their activities. Delocalization or Offshoring is a strategic decision that requires companies to review and reconfigure their methods of managing operations, especially those relating to the supply chain. The work objective is based on the key factors to be taken into account for the design of the supply chain in the context of offshoring in a context of demand for innovation. First, we address the problem of defining delocalization / Smart Delocalization and Supply Chain. Then, we review the literature to define the specificities of the problem of relocations and their impact on international trade, in particular the case of Morocco, and thus identify all the factors and constraints to be taken into account during the reconfiguration of the chain. supply chain in order to adapt it to the context of the practice of smart delocalization in an innovative context.
Catalytic transformations with finite-size environments: applications to cooling and thermometry
Authors: Henao Ivan , Uzdin Raam
Published: September 2021

The laws of thermodynamics are usually formulated under the assumption of infinitely large environments. While this idealization facilitates theoretical treatments, real physical systems are always finite and their interaction range is limited. These constraints have consequences for important tasks such as cooling, not directly captured by the second law of thermodynamics. Here, we study catalytic transformations that cannot be achieved when a system exclusively interacts with a finite environment. Our core result consists of constructive conditions for these transformations, which include the corresponding global unitary operation and the explicit states of all the systems involved. From this result we present various findings regarding the use of catalysts for cooling. First, we show that catalytic cooling is always possible if the dimension of the catalyst is sufficiently large. In particular, the cooling of a qubit using a hot qubit can be maximized with a catalyst as small as a three-level system. We also identify catalytic enhancements for tasks whose implementation is possible without a catalyst. For example, we find that in a multiqubit setup catalytic cooling based on a three-body interaction outperforms standard (non-catalytic) cooling using higher order interactions. Another advantage is illustrated in a thermometry scenario, where a qubit is employed to probe the temperature of the environment. In this case, we show that a catalyst allows to surpass the optimal temperature estimation attained only with the probe.
Capacitação em tecnologias digitais para educação: Uma ação de enfrentamento ao ensino remoto emergencial na UFSM
Authors: Canabarro Drehmer-Marques Keiciane , Zavaglia Marques José Francisco , Da Rocha Schneider Daniele , Oliveira da Encarnação Rosiele , Zancan Silvana , Müller Liziany
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta e discute as ações realizadas na capacitação de fluênciatecnológica para o planejamento de atividades para o ensino remoto, implementadas em 2020 e 2021, na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Este estudo tem a finalidade de apresentar e discutir as ações realizadas por meio dos cursos de capacitações de fluência tecnológica, oferecidos aos servidores da UFSM, a fim de dar continuidade às atividades de ensino-aprendizagem no formato remoto. A organização metodológica, baseada no Design Based Research, envolveu a produção e a disponibilização de tutoriais em vídeose arquivos, fóruns de discussões e momentos síncronos semanais. Os resultados dos feedbacks apontam que a capacitação contribuiu para a atualização de estratégias metodológicas, o aperfeiçoamento das atividades remotas administrativas e de ensino, qualificando, assim, com a fluência digital dos servidores da UFSM, participantes dos cursos.
Population Involvement in Dealing with Local Community Problems in the Rural Areas of Latvia
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Pelse Modrite , Svanberga Liga ,   Chair of the association Rural Partnership “Lielupe”, Todorova Arianna ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Berzina Sabine , Jurgensone Beate ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Stepans Raivis
Published: September 2021

The public prefers to express their opinions on the development of the surrounding area, make assessments and comments, as well as participate in surveys. However, the involvement of the public itself in improving the immediate surroundings and in solving the problems of its fellows is not always sufficient. The research aims to determine whether there are differences in public involvement in addressing municipal problems across various population groups within a municipality. The paper presents the results of an extensive survey. The research considered problems within one municipality in Latvia – Jelgava municipality – and analysed the rural territories located in the immediate vicinity of the centre of the municipality as well as those being the furthest from the centre. The results of the research revealed that young people were most satisfied with their lives in their municipality if their places of residence were closer to the centre of the municipality. The ability to influence the decisions of one’s own local government was highly valued by residents in the age group from 26 to 44 years in the rural territories that were in the immediate vicinity of the centre the municipality, yet this possibility was most often rated as weak among the youth living in the most remote rural territories from the centre of the municipality. Population involvement in solving a problem relevant to the society was the most frequently used way when the population requested a municipal employee to solve this problem. A large segment of the society in rural areas admitted that they did nothing, and this passivity was also evident in the group of young people who lived further away from the centre of the municipality. The involvement of the population in national-level public activities across all age groups and territories was quite equal, as the active population were involved in Saeima elections, campaigns for collecting signatures and donating various thing
Employment in the age group 50+ in the Baltic states and its changes in response to COVID-19
Authors:   Riga Stradins University, Rajevska Olga , Reine Agnese ,   Riga Stradins University, Baltmane Diana ,   Riga Stradins University
Published: September 2021

The objective of the study is to examine the patterns of the employment of older people in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania over the recent decade and the changes brought about by the first wave coronavirus pandemic in spring 2020. The study is based on the Eurostat statistical data as well as the microdata from the recent wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE). Particular attention is paid to the data collected in SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey conducted in June-August 2020 in 26 European countries and Israel via computer-assisted telephone interviews. Questions examined how people aged 50 years and older coped with socioeconomic and health-related impact of COVID-19. During the last decade, participation of older age groups in labour market is gradually growing with the increase of the statutory retirement age and life expectancy. Employment rates in the pre-retirement and post-retirement age groups are comparatively high in Latvia and other Baltic States as contrasted to the EU averages, especially among women. Despite of relatively worse health status, people in the Baltic countries also demonstrate the highest share of respondents with willingness to work even upon reaching pension age. In 2020, the COVID-19 had relatively mild impact on it. The branches with traditionally high share of workers aged 50+ (education, healthcare, agriculture, administrative services) were least affected by lockdown measures.
Increasing Diabetes Screening in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Iyengar Jennifer J. , Fisher Mary E.K. , Ziegler Julie E. , Wright Douglas W. , Monson Meghan C. , Rhodes Dehmlow Cheryl L. , Schacht Keturah P. , Wyckoff Jennifer A. , Fan Audrey L.
Published: September 2021

Quality Improvement Success Stories are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of Clinical Diabetes. The following article describes an initiative to increase rates of diabetes screening in a large multisite academic health system in the greater Ann Arbor, MI, area.