bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Data Modelling of Atmospheric Water Availability and Stress in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Roy Priyanka , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Singh Suraj Kumar , Kanga Shruti
Published: June 2024

The levels of Atmospheric Water Stress (AWS) and Atmospheric Water Availability (AWA) in Jharkhand, India was investigated in this study. The analysis makes use of MODIS NDVI and Terra Climate data that have undergone Google Earth Engine (GEE) processing. Following the computation of mean annual values for Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), run-off, precipitation, and Evapotranspiration (ET), AWS and AWA are classified based on these indices. Significant geographical variations in ET, precipitation, runoff, AWS, and AWA are revealed by the results across a few Jharkhand regions. Purbi Singhbhum exhibits significantly higher rates of ET than Garhwa, Palamu, and Chatra, which experience comparatively lower rates. Geographic areas with high levels of AWS, including Sahibganj, Godda, Pakur, Garhwa, and Kodarma, serve as indicators of more severe water scarcity. Consequently, these regions necessitate the implementation of targeted water management strategies. Conversely, varying degrees of AWS are observed in districts including Giridih, Chatra, Jamtara, Latehar, Simdega, and Hazaribagh, underscoring the need for individualized interventions. By identifying regions with limited water availability, the AWA index facilitates the formulation of well-informed resource management decisions. AWS is exacerbated by climate variability, which impacts the distribution of temperatures and precipitation, particularly in regions where AWS levels are high. Local infrastructure development and the implementation of water management strategies are crucial for mitigating the effects of water scarcity.
The relationship between maternal emotional self-disclosure and children's anxiety in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Ghasemi Fatemeh , Valizadeh Fatemeh , Mohammadi Rasool , Goodarzi Hanieh
Published: June 2024

Background: Following pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety is prevalent within the general public. Even after the acute phase has passed and the pandemic has subsided, this anxiety persists within families, particularly among mothers, and can be transmitted to other family members. Evidence suggests that self-disclosure and the expression of emotions promote mental health and reduce anxiety. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal emotional self-disclosure and children's anxiety in the post-COVID-19 era.
Methods: In this cross-sectional correlation study, 305 mothers of elementary school children in Borujerd, Lorestan, Iran, in 2022 were included using a multi-stage sampling method. Data collection tools comprised demographic questionnaires, the Emotional Self-Disclosure Scale, and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale—Parent Report, all of which were completed by mothers as self-reports. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate regression were employed to analyze the data.
Results: After controlling for confounding variables, a significant relationship was found between mothers' emotional self-disclosure and children's anxiety (B = -0.667, P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in mothers' mean emotional self-disclosure scores based on their place of residence, education, occupation, and their spouse's age, education, and occupation, as well as the child's gender, educational level, and age (P < 0.001). However, the results were insignificant concerning the mother's age (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: There was an inverse and relatively strong relationship between maternal emotional self-disclosure and child anxiety. This indicates that an increase in maternal emotional self-disclosure is associated with a reduction in child anxiety. Therefore, in similar crises, it is essential to focus on managing and promoting emotional self-disclosure among mothers, particularly those who are well-educated, employed, reside in urban areas, have younger, well-educated, and employed spouses, and have female children of younger age and lower educational levels. This targeted approach can help reduce child anxiety.
Prevalence of Molecular Markers of Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022
Authors: Zhou Ruimin , Li Suhua , Ji Penghui , Ruan Shucheng , Liu Ying , Yang Chengyun , Qian Dan , He Zhiquan , Wang Dan , Lu Deling , Zhang Hongwei , Deng Yan
Published: June 2024

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is a key drug recommended by the World Health Organization for the chemoprevention of malaria. However, the strategy is affected by the parasite resistance to SP. This study evaluated Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps) genes, associated with SP resistance, from 508 P. falciparum isolates imported from West African countries to Henan Province, China, during 2012–2022. High mutant prevalence of the genes Pfdhfr (94.7%) and Pfdhps (96.8%) was observed. The mutants Pfdhfr N51I, C59R, S108N, and Pfdhps A437G were at high frequency in all countries analyzed. The overall prevalence of the mutant Pfdhps K540E was low (3.4%), but with a high frequency in Liberia (24.3%). The frequency of mutants Pfdhps I431V, A581G, and A613S was 11.7%, 9.8%, and 16.2%, respectively, all of which had the highest mutant prevalence in Nigeria. The mutant Pfdhps A581G and A613S were identified in the absence of K540E. The partially resistant haplotype (I51R59N108 - G437) was the most common (72.6%), and the fully resistant haplotype (I51R59N108 - G437E540) had a low prevalence of 3.4% and mainly occurred in Liberia. No super resistant haplotype was identified. The mutant Pfdhps I431V and the octuple mutant haplotype I51R59N108 - V431A436G437G581S613 deserve more attention. It is important to continuously monitor the molecular markers associated with SP resistance to better implement intermittent preventive treatment policies in pregnancy (IPTp) and infants (IPTi).
Importance of OsRac1 and RAI1 in signalling of Pigm-1 mediated resistance to rice blast disease
Authors: Yang Dewei , He Niqing , Huang Fenghuang , Chen Jialin , Yu Minxiang , Jin Yidan , Lin Shaojun , Li Shengping
Published: June 2024

Plants depend heavily on Resistance (R) proteins, many encoding leucine-rich repeat nucleotide-binding site (NLR) proteins, essential for mediating targeted defense against pathogens. In rice, NLR proteins are pivotal immune receptors in combating Magnaporthe oryzae-triggered rice blast. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying how R proteins regulate downstream signaling remains elusive due to the lack of knowledge regarding their direct downstream targets. Pigm-1, a new allele of PigmR, was cloned from Shuangkang 77009 in our laboratory. This study reveals OsRac1, a GTPase, as a signaling molecule involved in Pigm-1-mediated blast resistance, suggesting its potential as a common downstream effector of rice NLR proteins. Additionally, we identified RAI1, a transcriptional activator, as an essential Pigm-1 interactor for blast resistance. The NBS domain of Pigm-1 facilitates its binding to and activation of OsRac1, while the CC domain enables its binding to and activation of RAI1, ultimately inducing cell death. Furthermore, this research demonstrates that molecular marker-assisted selection technology enhances both resistance and yield in the crucial two-line restorer 9311(Pigm-1). This study offers crucial insights into how diverse NLR proteins activate downstream molecules and serves as a valuable reference for molecular breeding of rice blast resistance genes, particularly Pigm-1.
Comparing Scissors and Scalpels to a Novel Surgical Instrument: A Biomechanical Sectioning Study
Authors: Spears Zach , Paras Molly , Fitzsimmons Lauren , De Lacy Logan , Wawrzyn Peter , Conway Sam , Gopalan Srihari , Muckenhirn Kyle , Puccinelli John
Published: June 2024

Background
Precision instruments and safe techniques are essential for successful surgical procedures. Despite technological advances, iatrogenic injuries to vital structures continue to occur, adding physical, emotional, and financial costs to patients and surgeons. This study, which was conducted by a collaborative team from the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation and the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, introduces a novel surgical instrument. The device was designed to mitigate surgical risks by combining the utility of scissors with the reliability of a scalpel and by adding enhanced safety features without compromising functionality.
Methods
The process used to develop a novel instrument included computer-aided design (CAD) modeling, 3D printing for prototyping, and the fabrication of an aluminum prototype. Biomechanical testing of this prototype was then performed against traditional surgical tools.
Results
Compared to conventional bandage and iris scissors, the novel surgical instrument required significantly less force to cut through an Ace™ bandage, stockinette, and gauze (p < 0.01). The number of cuts required to transect those same materials with the novel device was comparable to that of the scalpel and bandage scissors. Additionally, while there were no differences between the novel device and the other devices for an Ace™ bandage and stockinette, the novel device tended to cut a greater percentage of gauze in one pass than did the iris scissors.
Conclusion
The novel surgical instrument designed in this study required less force compared to conventional scissors, demonstrated cutting efficiency similar to that of a scalpel blade, and had more safety features than either instrument. This study highlights the value of collaboration between biomedical engineering and orthopedic surgery departments on innovation in medical technology, through which new technologies with improved design and functionality demonstrate the potential to reduce iatrogenic injuries.
Inequalities Among Homeless Populations During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Marini Giovanna Marina Fernandes , Moura Heriederson Sávio Dias , Ferezin Letícia Perticarrara , Neto Julio Canos , Cunha Jose Henrique da Silva , Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Fiorati Regina Célia
Published: June 2024

Background
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a discernible amplification of inherent vulnerabilities in the global population, with the most susceptible segments exemplified by the Homeless Population experiencing exacerbated adverse impacts.. This study aims to analyze the intersection of vulnerabilities among homeless populations aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
This is a parallel convergent mixed methods study, incorporating a cross-sectional quantitative study and a qualitative study. A survey-type questionnaire was employed in the quantitative approach, analyzed using descriptive and inferential techniques, and a semi-structured interview in the qualitative aspect, with interviews analyzed using Minayo's thematic analysis methodology.
Results
Significant associations were identified between the vulnerabilities faced by the homeless population, which were further compounded with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. This period witnessed a critical intersection of these vulnerabilities, resulting in an even deeper social destabilization for this group.
Conclusions
Individuals experiencing homelessness confront a complex accumulation of intertwined inequalities, intensifying their social vulnerability. This scenario underscores the intersection of vulnerabilities within this group and emphasizes the urgent need for an integrated approach to understand their health and the pandemic's impact on these individuals.
Resolving the conundrum of the mid-winter suppression in the North Pacific
Authors: Spensberger Clemens , Haualand Kristine , Spengler Thomas
Published: June 2024

In the North Pacific, a maximum in baroclinic instability during mid winter does not yield higher baroclinic activity, a conundrum termed the “mid-winter suppression” of eddy activity. The degree of instability is typically measured by the Eady growth rate. A recently proposed classification into subtropical and eddy-driven jets sheds new light on this conundrum. While the strength of the subtropical jets increases during midwinter, the strength of the eddy-driven jet decreases. Consequently, the Eady growth rate for eddy-driven jets decreases in tandem with the reduced eddy activity during mid-winter, only the environment for subtropical jets becomes more unstable. The increase in baroclinic instability for subtropical jets does, however, not translate into increased eddy activity, as baroclinic growth rates for the subtropical jet remain below growth rates for the eddy-driven jet throughout winter. Thus, the conundrum of the mid-winter suppression can be resolved by considering the environments around subtropical and eddy-driven jet types in isolation.
Urolithin A improves motor dysfunction induced by copper exposure in SOD1 G93A transgenic mice via activation of mitophagy
Authors: Zhang Huan , Gao Chuanyue , Yang Deguang , Nie Lulin , He Kaiwu , Chen Chongyang , Li Shangming , Huang Guanqin , Zhou Li , Huang Xinfeng , Wu Desheng , Liu Jianjun , Huang Zhenlie , Li Weihua , Zhang Zhaohui , Yang Xifei , Zou Liangyu
Published: June 2024

Aim
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease pathologically characterized by selective degeneration of motor neurons resulting in a catastrophic loss of motor function. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of copper (Cu) exposure on progression of ALS and explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Urolithin A (UA) on ALS.
Methods
0.13 PPM copper chloride drinking water was administrated in SOD1G93A transgenic mice at 6 weeks, UA at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day was given for 6 weeks after a 7-week Cu exposure. Motor ability was assessed before terminal anesthesia. Muscle atrophy and fibrosis, motor neurons, astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord were evaluated by H&E, Masson, Sirius Red, Nissl and Immunohistochemistry Staining. Proteomics analysis, Western blotting and ELISA were conducted to detect protein expression. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using an assay kit.
Results
Cu-exposure worsened motor function, promoted muscle fibrosis, loss of motor neurons, and astrocyte and microglial activation. It also induced abnormal changes in mitochondria-related biological processes, leading to a significant reduction in ATP levels and an increase in MDA levels. Upregulation of P62 and downregulation of Parkin, PINK1, and LAMP1 were revealed in SOD1G93A mice with Cu exposure. Administration of UA activated mitophagy, modulated mitochondria dysfunction, reduced neuroinflammation, and improved gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and motor dysfunction in SOD1G93A mice with Cu exposure.
Conclusions
Mitophagy plays critical role in ALS exacerbated by Cu exposure. UA administration may be a promising treatment strategy for ALS.
Five years follow-up of patients with non-melanoma skin cancer treated with HeberFERON.
Authors: Roberts Yaquelin Duncan , Vega Yanelda García , Caballero Sonia Collazo , García María Rodríguez , Sedano Manuel Salazar , Rojas José Luis Rodríguez , Iglesias Angela Tuero , Silva Carmen Valenzuela , Basart Naylet Castro , Iglesias Elizeth García , Lamela Laura Pereda , Rodríguez Reinier Hernández , Hernandez Ernesto Arteaga , González Verena Muzio , Rivero Iraldo Bello
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common tumor. The combination of IFN-alpha 2b and IFN-gamma has been used as a new therapeutic opportunity to treat basal cell carcinomas and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. The aim of this report is to record prospectively the recurrence and new lesions rates in patients participating in phase II clinical trials.
Methods
Phase II clinical trials (double-blind randomized one center study, InCarbacel-III, in patients with basal cell carcinoma; and open, non-randomized multicenter study, CECIN, in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, with the use of the combination of IFN-alpha 2b and IFN-gamma) were conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and the 5-year duration of clinical responses. Both studies were approved by institutional ethics committees, from the Hermanos Ameijeiras (INCARBACEL-III) and Amalia Simoni (INCARBACEL-III and CECIN) hospitals, in Havana and Camaguey respectively. All patients gave their written informed consent to participate in them.
The investigational treatment was administered, peri- or intralesionally, three times per week, during 3 weeks. Clinical (RECIST 1.0) responses were evaluated three months after the end of treatment.
Results
The combination of IFNs in InCarbacel-III study showed the best clinical response (complete response of 64.3%, overall response of 85.7%) with the highest doses (10.5 MIU); without patient’s recurrence at 5 years follow-up (3.5 MUI and 10.5 MUI groups). The frequency of new lesions decreased in the treated patients 8 times. In the CECIN study 14 patients achieved complete response and 4 partial responses (overall response rate 67%). Up to the 5-year follow-up none of the patients with complete response had recurrence or new lesion. In both studies the cosmetic results were excellent and the reported adverse events were mostly of mild intensity.
Conclusions:
The use of the combination of IFN-alpha 2b and IFN-gamma showed efficacy in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma promoting a long term response for at least 5 years and decreasing the rate of new lesions, safely and with excellent cosmetic effects.
Research on 3D Reconstruction Method of Fruit Trees Based on Camera Pose Recovery and Neural Radiation Field Theory
Authors: Wang Huiyan , Wang Jianhang , Liu Binxiao , Gong Jinliang , Zhang Yanfei
Published: June 2024

A method integrating camera pose recovery techniques with neural radiation field theory is proposed in this study to address issues such as detail loss and color distortion encountered by traditional stereoscopic vision-based 3D reconstruction techniques when dealing with fruit trees exhibiting high-frequency phenotypic details. The high cost of information acquisition devices equipped with image pose recording functionality necessitates a cost-effective approach for fruit tree information gathering while enhancing the resolution and detail capture capability of the resulting 3D models. To achieve this, a device and scheme for capturing multi-view image sequences of fruit trees are designed. Firstly, the target fruit tree is surrounded by a multi-angle video capture using the information acquisition platform, and the resulting video undergoes image enhancement and frame extraction to obtain a multi-view image sequence of the fruit tree. Subsequently, a motion recovery structure algorithm is employed for sparse reconstruction to recover image poses. Then, the image sequence with pose data is inputted into a multi-layer perceptron, utilizing ray casting for coarse and fine two-layer granularity sampling to calculate volume density and RGB information, thereby obtaining the neural radiation field 3D scene of the fruit tree. Finally, the 3D scene is converted into point clouds to derive a high-precision point cloud model of the fruit tree. Using this reconstruction method, a crabapple tree including multiple periods such as flowering, fruiting, leaf fall, and dormancy is reconstructed, capturing the neural radiation field scenes and point cloud models. Reconstruction results demonstrate that the 3D scenes of the neural radiation field in each period exhibit real-world level representation. The point cloud models derived from the 3D scenes achieve millimeter-level precision at the organ scale, with tree structure accuracy exceeding 96% for multi-period point cloud models, averaging 97.79% accuracy across all periods. This reconstruction method exhibits robustness across various fruit tree periods and can meet the requirements for 3D reconstruction of fruit trees in most scenarios.
Conducting applied health research in alcohol-related liver disease: a rapid qualitative inquiry with healthcare providers
Authors: Hemrage Sofia , Parkin Stephen , Deluca Paolo , Drummond Colin
Published: June 2024

Background: Current treatment options for alcohol-related liver disease are limited by evidence, clinical and practice gaps. Applied health research can promote the generation of high-quality evidence by embedding experimental research designs in clinical settings. The present qualitative inquiry aims to explore healthcare providers’ experiences of conducting applied health research in alcohol-related liver disease.
Methods: A rapid qualitative approach was adopted to fulfil the exploratory nature of the present qualitative inquiry. Sixteen healthcare providers with varying roles (administrative, clinical, nursing) and formal duties (clinical, research) were interviewed. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to identify relevant themes and subthemes from the data.
Results: Three major themes emerged from the interview data. These include the motives to support alcohol-related liver disease research within clinical settings, descriptions of the research-clinical interface, and the challenges encountered while facilitating and conducting research. Identified barriers to applied health research included intraprofessional and extraprofessional role conflicts, time constraints and insufficient resource availability.
Conclusion: Although healthcare providers expressed a strong commitment towards advancing research in ARLD, structural and organisational challenges affected their involvement. These challenges underly the existing research gap in alcohol-related liver disease care. The findings favour the adoption of a community-based participatory research approach to advance evidence-making interventions in alcohol-related liver disease treatment, improve patient outcomes and foster an egalitarian research culture.
Predictors of ‘No Problem’ as the Health‑related Quality of Life Status of People Living with HIV on Differentiated Service Delivery in a Nigerian State using the EQ-5D-5L
Authors: Isah Abdulmuminu , Onyia Ifunanya Mary-Ann , Onugwu Onyinyechi Loveth , Eze Cynthia C. , Okeke Bethel , Ezenri Gabriel , Onwuali Victor , Ezeodimegwu Augustus , Onyekwuo Princess , Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu , Udeogaranya Patrick Ogochukwu
Published: June 2024

Background: Differentiated service delivery (DSD) aims to improve the overall quality of care that is provided to people living with HIV (PLHIV). One critical measure of self-reported satisfaction with the level of care is quality of life. This study aimed to determine the socio-demographic predictors of the quality of life (QoL) of PLHIV on DSD in a Southeastern Nigerian State.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLHIV on DSD across Abia State, Nigeria, from February-April 2022. A sample size of 361 was estimated from the three DSD models in the state: community pharmacy-based, PLHIV-led community antiretroviral group, and health worker/facility-based models. A generic QoL tool (EQ-5D-5L) was used to obtain responses from all consenting PLHIV. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables. Variations in the QoL index value and the predictors of the QoL were determined using one-way ANOVA and binary logistics regression (no problem versus others), respectively. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total number of 312 questionnaires were completed (response rate = 86.4%). Female gender was indicated by 162(51.9%) respondents, while 114(36.5%) stated that they were married. The highest level of education by most respondents (n=134, 42.9%) was secondary school. About a-third (115, 36.9%) reported that they have had HIV for 6-10 years. For their QoL, 284(76.3%) PLHIV had no problems (self-care), 66(21.2%) had slight problems (usual activities) and 11(3.5%) had severe problems (anxiety/depression). The index value for all the respondents was 0.837±0.006. PLHIV that were aged <20 years had a value of 0.782±0.221(F=3.923, p=0.004), while those without formal education had 0.711±0.232 (F=7.981, p≤0.001). Characteristics that were predictive of no problems status were 16-20 years of diagnosis (β=3.634, p=0.025) [mobility]; self-employment (β=11.204, p=0.013) and 16-20 years of diagnosis (β=15.561, p=0.001) [self-care]; tertiary education (β=0.246, p=0.036) [usual activities]; female gender (β=2.040, p=0.014), and 16-20 years of diagnosis (β=4.777, p=0.005) [pain/discomfort]; and 31-40 years (β=0.147, p=0.005), and not being married (β=0.363, p=0.013)[anxiety/depression].
Conclusions:The PLHIV accessing DSD at Abia State had a good quality of life. Their gender, level of education, employment status, and age were factors that were predictive of good QoL among them.
Reductive acetogenesis is a dominant process in the ruminant hindgut
Authors: Li Qiushuang , Huo Jiabin , Ni Gaofeng , Zhang Fan , Zhang Shizhe , Zhang Xiumin , Wang Rong , Yu Zhongtang , Pu Xuanxuan , Yue Yipeng , Ungerfeld Emilio M. , Zhang Xiaoli , Wu Jian , Tan Zhiliang , Greening Chris , Wang Min
Published: June 2024

Background
The microbes residing in ruminant gastrointestinal tracts convert plant biomass to nutritious volatile fatty acids, the primary energy source for ruminants. Ruminants´ gastrointestinal tract comprises a foregut (rumen) and hindgut (cecum and colon), each with contrasting structures and functions in anaerobic digestion. With most previous studies focusing on the rumen microbiome, the cecal microbiome is much less investigated and understood, including the assembling microbial communities and overriding pathways of hydrogen metabolism.
Results
Here we comparatively investigated the composition, capabilities, and activities of the rumen and the cecum microbiome using goats as experimental ruminant model. In situ measurements showed that acetate and hydrogen levels were both higher in the cecum than in the rumen. Concurrently, microbes capable of host mucin degradation and fermentative hydrogen production were more abundant in the cecum, whereas fibrolytic fermentative bacteria, hydrogenotrophic respiratory bacteria, and methanogenic archaea were less abundant. Most strikingly, reductive acetogenic bacteria were 12-fold more abundant in the cecum, and genome-resolved analysis unveiled that cecum acetogens are both phylogenetically and functionally novel. Two in vitro experiments further supported that the pathways of hydrogen metabolism differ between the cecum and the rumen, with increased acetate production and reduced methanogenesis in the cecum. Moreover, a comparative analysis showed a strong enrichment of reductive acetogens in the hindguts of other ruminants.
Conclusions
These findings, by revealing an enrichment of acetogenesis in an important part of the gastrointestinal tract, reshape our understanding of ruminant hydrogen metabolism and how the H2 can be managed in accord to livestock methane mitigation efforts.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alters the Proteomic Landscape of Inflammation in HIV: Identifying Bacterial Drivers
Authors: Díaz-García Claudio , Moreno Elena , Talavera Alba , Martín-Fernández Lucía , Martín-Pedraza Laura , Pérez-Molina José A. , González-Bodí Sara , Huerta-Cepas Jaime , Dronda Fernando , Gosalbes María José , Luna Laura , Vivancos María Jesús , Moreno Santiago , Serrano-Villar Sergio
Published: June 2024

Background
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) experience persistent systemic inflammation, increasing morbidity and mortality. Modulating the gut microbiome through fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) represents a novel therapeutic strategy. We aimed to evaluate proteomic changes in inflammatory pathways following repeated, low-dose FMT versus placebo.
Methods
This double-masked, placebo-controlled pilot study assessed the proteomic impacts of weekly FMT versus placebo over eight weeks on systemic inflammation in 29 PWH on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART). Three stool donors with high Faecalibacterium and butyrate profiles were selected. Proteomic changes in 344 inflammatory proteins in plasma were quantified using the Proximity Extension Assay, with samples collected at baseline and weeks 1, 8, and 24. Concurrently, we characterized shifts in gut microbiota composition and annotated functions through shotgun metagenomics. We fitted generalized additive models to evaluate the dynamics of protein expression. We selected the most relevant proteins to explore their correlations with the microbiome composition and functionality over time using linear mixed models.
Results
FMT significantly reduced plasma levels of 45 inflammatory proteins, including established mortality predictors like IL-6 and TNF. We found notable reductions persisting up to 16 weeks after the final FMT procedure, including proteins like CCL20 and CD22. We identified changes in FT3LG, IL17A, IL6, IL10RB, and others, which correlated with multiple bacterial species. We found specific bacterial species within the Ruminococcaceae, Succinivibrionaceae, Prevotellaceae, and the Clostridium genus, along with their associated genes and functions, to be significantly correlated with changes in inflammatory markers.
Conclusions
Targeted modulation of the gut microbiome through FMT effectively modulated systemic inflammation in PWH, with sustained effects. These findings suggest the potential of the microbiome as a therapeutic target to mitigate inflammation-related complications in this population, encouraging further research and development of microbiome-based interventions.
Feasibility and safety of a non-indwelling urinary catheter after flexible ureteroscopy with intelligent control of renal pelvis pressure: A retrospective study
Authors: mei Huang , Baihua Yang , Xiaohua Luo , Leming Song , Xiaolin Deng
Published: June 2024

Background
To explore the feasibility and safety of a non-indwelling urinary catheter after flexible ureteroscopy with intelligent control of renal pelvic pressure (FUS-ICP).
Methods
In this retrospective study, we assessed patients with upper urinary tract stones who were treated with FUS-ICP at the Ganzhou People's Hospital from February 2022 to December 2023. Patients were divided into the non-urinary catheter (non-UC) and urinary catheter (UC) groups according to whether an indwelling catheter was used after surgery.
Results
In total, 142 patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the two groups. Patients in the non-UC group performed better than those in the UC group in terms of catheter-related bladder irritation (P = 0.001), the Sedation-Agitation Scale score (P = 0.012), and the numerical rating scale (P = 0.003). The incidences of urinary retention (P = 0.620), urinary tract infection (P = 0.529), and re-indwelling urinary catheters (P = 0.438) in the UC group were inferior to those in the non-UC group, but there was no statistical significance.
Conclusions
Non-indwelling urinary catheters are safe and feasible for patients undergoing FUS-ICP.
Effects of fish protein fertilizer on soil properties, bamboo growth and bamboo shoot yield of Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascensʻPrevernalisʼ) forest
Authors: Zhao Jiancheng , Ni Huijing , Wang Bo , Yang Zhenya
Published: June 2024

Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascensʻPrevernalisʼ) is a high economic value species with high yield and good quality of bamboo shoots. However, heavy chemical fertilizer and covering cultivation are used to produce off-season bamboo shoots, resulting in soil degradation and a decline in soil productivity. This study introduced an amino acid fertilizer called fish protein fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer, and investigated the effect of different fertilizer combinations on bamboo growth, shoot yield and soil properties to clarify the growth-promoting mechanism of amino acid fertilizer. Results showed that after replacing 45 kg of compound fertilizer with 10 kg or 20 kg of fish protein fertilizer (1) bamboo shoot yield increased by 23.24% or 26.19%, respectively; (2) growth of leaves and roots were enhanced, thick root proportion increased, and proportion of root in the topsoil layer decreased; (3) soil pH, contents of AP (available phosphate), SOC (soil organic carbon), MBC (microbial biomass carbon) and MBN (microbial biomass nitrogen), soil enzyme activity increased; (4) contents of N and P in leaf increased, while the N/P and K/P decreased. Overall, amino acid fertilizer can promote microbial growth and improve soil enzyme activity through supplying carbon sources and nitrogen sources, thus promoting phosphorus activation and increasing soil phosphorus effectiveness, and then improving the foraging scale of root systems, and ultimately enhancing nutrients absorption and increasing bamboo shoot yield.
Differences in the DNA Methylome of T cells in Adults With Asthma of Varying Severity
Authors: Liao Yixuan , Cavalcante Raymond , Waller Jonathan , Deng Furong , Scruggs Anne , Huang Yvonne , Atasoy Ulus , Chen Yahong , Huang Steven
Published: June 2024

Background
DNA methylation plays a critical role in asthma development, but differences in DNA methylation among adults with varying asthma severity or asthma endotypes are less well-defined.
Objective
To examine how DNA methylomic patterns differ among adults with asthma based on asthma severity and airway inflammation.
Methods
Peripheral blood T cells from 35 adults with asthma in Beijing, China were serially collected over time (130 samples total) and analyzed for global DNA methylation using the Illumina MethylationEPIC Array. Differential methylation was compared among subjects with varying airway inflammation and severity, as measured by fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores.
Results
Significant differences in DNA methylation were noted among subjects with different degrees of airway inflammation and asthma severity. These differences in DNA methylation were annotated to genes that were enriched in pathways related to asthma or T cell function and included gene ontology categories related to MHC class II assembly, T cell activation, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-12. Genes related to P450 drug metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and developmental pathways were also differentially methylated in comparisons between subjects with high vs low FEV1 and ACT. Notable genes that were differentially methylated based on asthma severity included RUNX3, several members of the HLA family, AGT, PTPRC, PTPRJ, and several genes downstream of the JAK2 and TNF signaling pathway.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate how adults with asthma of varying severity possess differences in peripheral blood T cell DNA methylation that contribute to the phenotype and severity of their overall disease.
Modeling Two-Phase Gas-Solid Flow in Axisymmetric Diffusers using Cut Cell Technique: An Eulerian-Eulerian Approach
Authors: Salem Khaled M. , Elreafay Adel M. , Abumandour Ramzy M. , Dawood A. S.
Published: June 2024

Axisymmetric diffusers find wide applications in various industrial processes, including combustion systems, pneumatic conveying, and fluidized bed reactors. Understanding and accurately modeling the behavior of two-phase flows in these devices are critical for optimizing their performance and efficiency. The cut cell technique is employed, providing a flexible and efficient means of representing intricate geometries within axisymmetric domains. The paper discusses the governing equations, numerical discretization schemes, and boundary conditions used in the Eulerian-Eulerian approach with the cut cell technique for axisymmetric diffusers. Various aspects of the two-phase gas-solid flow, including particle-particle and particle-wall interactions, interphase momentum transfer, and phase segregation, are investigated. The governing equations are solved using house developed code called FORTRAN, a widely used programming language in scientific and engineering simulations. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the behavior of gas-solid two-phase flows in axisymmetric diffuser. A parametric study of the impact of particles diameters (100, 200,300\(\mu m\)), the solid volume loading ratios \((0.005, 0.008, 0.01)\) and cant angle (4.5°, 7°, 9.5°) effect of axisymmetric diffuser on the local skin friction, pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and separation zone.
A Prediction Method for the Initiation Pressure of Pre-CO 2 Fracturing Considering the Modification of Rock Mechanical Parameters after CO 2 Treatment
Authors: Kong Cuilong , Sun Yuxue , Wei Jianguang , Li Guo , Yang Ying , Tang Chao , Wei Xu , Jiang Xingwen , Cong Ziyuan
Published: June 2024

The utilization of CO2 fracturing fluid presents a notable reduction in the challenges associated with reservoir opening, particularly in dense and unconventional reservoirs. The widespread adoption of this technique underscores its efficacy. The establishment of a more realistic CO2 fracturing model serves to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying CO2 fracturing transformation. Additionally, it furnishes a foundational framework for devising comprehensive fracturing construction plans. However, current research has neglected to consider the influence of CO2 on rock properties during CO2 fracturing, resulting in an inability to precisely replicate the alterations in the reservoir post-CO2 injection into the formation. This disparity from the actual conditions poses a substantial limitation to the application and advancement of CO2 fracturing technology. This work integrates the variations in physical parameters of rocks after complete contact and reaction with CO2 into the numerical model of crack propagation. This comprehensive approach fully acknowledges the impact of pre-CO2 exposure on the mechanical parameters of reservoir rocks. Consequently, it authentically restores the reservoir state following CO2 injection, ensuring a more accurate representation of the post-fracturing conditions. The research findings reveal that post-CO2 treatment, the elastic modulus of reservoir shale experiences a reduction of 12.5%, Poisson's ratio decreases by 11.8%, tensile strength decreases by 7.9%, permeability increased by 180%. Additionally, the pre-injection of CO2 into the reservoir induces a notable increase in pore pressure in the near wellbore zone. In comparison with conventional numerical simulation methods, the approach outlined in this paper yields a reduction in the error associated with predicting fracturing pressure by 9.8%. The model and methodology presented herein serve as a practical tool for accurately forecasting the initiation pressure of CO2 fracturing.
Propagation of periodic director and flow patterns in a cholesteric liquid crystal under electroconvection
Authors: Yoshioka Jun , Nobori Hiroki , Fukao Koji , Araoka Fumito
Published: June 2024

The electroconvection of liquid crystals is a typical example of a dissipative structure generated by complicated interactions between three factors: convective flow, structural deformation, and the migration of charge carriers. In this study, we found that the periodic structural deformation of a cholesteric liquid crystal propagates in space, like a wave, under an alternating-current electric field. The existence of convection and charge carriers was confirmed by flow-field measurements and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Given that the wave phenomenon results from electroconvection, we suggest a possible model for describing the mechanism of wave generation. The validity of the model was examined using the Onsager variational principle. Consequently, it was suggested that wave generation can be described by four effects: the electrostatic potential, mixing entropy, anisotropic friction due to charge migration, and viscous dissipation of the liquid crystal.
Research on photovoltaic MPPT Control strategy Based on Improved Manta Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhou ZiJian , Fang YanHong
Published: June 2024

In order to solve the problem that the multi-peak power voltage (P-U) characteristic curve generated by a photovoltaic power generation system under unbalanced illumination and the traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm easily falls into the local optimal solution, a photovoltaic multi-peak MPPT method based on an improved manta ray foraging algorithm is proposed.The algorithm combines several mathematical optimization strategies with the original manta ray foraging optimization algorithm. Firstly, chaos mapping is used to initialize the search population, increasing population diversity. At the same time, reverse learning is integrated after summarizing the characteristics of photovoltaic P-V characteristic curves to improve the distribution efficiency of the population; Secondly, a nonlinear change function is introduced to provide a better balance between the development and exploration of the algorithm; Then the linear change curve is introduced to improve the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local extreme value; Finally, levy flight strategy is introduced to improve the search ability of the algorithm. It is proved by the simulation results of MATLAB/Simulink, In the process of tracking, the algorithm has a small oscillation amplitude, good tracking accuracy, and good convergence time.
Modular Simulation Framework for the Design of Air-Spring-Dampers
Authors: Schnieders Marco , Rexer Manuel , Jericho Christian , Dietrich Ingo , Pelz Peter F.
Published: June 2024

Air-spring-dampers offer a novel alternative to traditional hydraulic damping within suspension systems. However, due to the intricate damping behavior and a multitude of configuration possibilities, the design process of air-spring-dampers proves to be challenging. This paper proposes a solution to address these challenges by introducing a simulation framework integrated with parameter optimization, enabling the simulation and design of any air-spring-damper. The simulation framework incorporates three fundamental modules: volume, mass exchange, and heat exchange. By abstracting the air-spring-damper as a graph and representing it via adjacency matrices, these modules will automatically be connected to construct a simulation model for any air-spring-damper configuration. Furthermore, leveraging the framework simplifies the design process through a parameter optimization. This method allows for a target damping curve to be set. The optimization algorithm then adjusts the air-spring-damper's design parameters until the target curve is achieved. A comparison of algorithms is conducted to determine the most suitable for this optimization problem. The pattern search and surrogate algorithms emerge as strong performers, effectively producing the target damping curve. To simplify the design process further, the common objective of enhancing driving safety and comfort is transformed into an optimization problem within the framework. This leads to the generation of a pareto front, which presents design recommendations that balance safety and comfort optimally.
Genotyping-by-sequencing reveals the genetic diversity and population structure of Peruvian highland maize races
Authors: Arbizu Carlos I. , Soto Isamar Bazo , Flores Joel , Ortiz Rodomiro , Blas Raul , García-Mendoza Pedro J. , Sevilla Ricardo , Crossa José , Grobman Alexander
Published: June 2024

Peruvian maize exhibits abundant morphological diversity, with landraces cultivated from sea level (sl) up to 3,500 m above sl. Previous research based on morphological descriptors, defined at least 52 Peruvian maize races, but its genetic diversity and population structure remains largely unknown. Here we used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to obtain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that allow inferring the genetic structure and diversity of 423 maize accessions from the genebank of Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina (UNALM) and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Tayacaja (UNAT). These accessions represent nine races and one sub-race, along with 15 open-pollinated lines (purple corn) and two yellow maize hybrids. It was possible to obtain 14,235 high-quality SNPs distributed along the 10 maize chromosomes of maize. Gene diversity ranged from 0.33 (sub-race Pachia) to 0.362 (race Ancashino), with race Cusco showing the lowest inbreeding coefficient (0.205) and Ancashino the highest (0.274) for the landraces. Population divergence (FST) was very low (mean = 0.017), thus depicting extensive interbreeding among Peruvian maize. Population structure analysis indicated that these 423 distinct genotypes can be included in 10 groups, with some maize races clustering together. Peruvian maize races failed to be recovered as monophyletic; instead, our phylogenetic tree identified two clades corresponding to the groups of the classification of the races of Peruvian maize based on their chronological origin, i.e., anciently derived or primary races and lately derived or secondary races. Additionally, these two clades are also congruent with the geographic origin of these maize races, reflecting their mixed evolutionary backgrounds and constant evolution. Peruvian maize germplasm needs further investigation with modern technologies to better use them massively in breeding programs that favor agriculture mainly in the South American highlands. We also expect this work will pave a path for establishing more accurate conservation strategies for this precious crop genetic resource.
Disrupting Notch signaling related HES1 in myeloid cells reinvigorates antitumor T cell responses
Authors: Kim Myung Sup , Kang Hyeokgu , Baek Jung-Hwan , Cho Moon-Gyu , Chung EunJoo , Kim Seok-Jun , Chung Joon-Yong , Chun Kyung-Hee
Published: June 2024

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that hinder anti-tumor immunity. Notch signaling is a pathway crucial for TAM differentiation and function. Here, we investigate the role of HES1, a downstream target of Notch signaling, in TAM-mediated immunosuppression and explore its potential as a target for cancer immunotherapy.
Methods: In this work, we constructed conditional Hes1 knockout mice to selectively delete Hes1 in TAMs. We further analyzed the TME composition, T cell infiltration and activation, and anti-tumor effects in these mice, both alone and in combination with PD-1 checkpoint blockade.
Results: Our study showed that expression levels of Notch target Hes1 were increase in TAMs and mice with conditional knockout of Hes1 gene in TAMs exhibited decreased tumor growth, with increased infiltration and activation of cytotoxic T cells in tumors. Expression of tumor promoting factors was critically altered in Hes1-conditional KO TAMs, leading to the improved tumor microenvironment. Notably, arginase-1 expression was decreased in Hes1-conditional KO mice. Arg1 is known to deplete arginine and deactivate T cells in the TME. Administration of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody inhibited tumor growth to a greater extent in Hes1-conditional KO mice than in WT mice.
Conclusions: We identified a pivotal role for the Notch signaling pathway in shaping TAM function, suggesting that T-cell dysfunction in the TME is caused when the Notch target, HES1, in TAMs is upregulated by tumor-associated factors (TAFs), which, in turn, increases the expression of arginase-1. Targeting HES1 in TAMs appears to be a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.