bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of acute bacterial meningitis in a limited resource setting: an Egyptian consensus model
Authors: Zaky Samy , Elbadry Mohamed , Saeed Maysaa A. , Fathelbab Hanaa , Abdelsalam Fatma , Abdel-Hamid Mohammed Gamal , Eid Alshaimaa , Bakr Asmaa , Maher Amira , Abdelrahman Mona Mohammed , Metwally Mohamed A. , Berengy Mahmoud Saad , AlMowafy Enaam Ali , Goabar Hassan , Baki Amin Abdel , Corie Ahmed , Hammad Osama , Elsharkawy Entesar , Saad Ahmed , Ali-Eldin Fatma , Mahdy Ahmed , Zaky Ramadan , Hammad Reham , Essmat Gamal
Published: January 2025

Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is an emerging disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is a globally serious disease and is considered endemic in Egypt, affecting all age groups and being common in low-standard and overcrowded areas. Early and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial for suspected bacterial meningitis, even before the causative pathogen is identified. This is because definitive laboratory confirmation can take several days and may not always be successful. Those who do recover, especially if there was delayed appropriate intervention, can have permanent disabilities, such as brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities. Rapid intervention in such cases is mandatory, which is not easy in countries with limited income due to weak capabilities and resources. Therefore, we are in dire need of making an Egyptian consensus that suits our country as a low-resource one, in order to facilitate and speed up the process of managing such cases. This consensus-based paper is under the supervision of the Egyptian Society of Fever comprising clinicians, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and public health representatives. They convened to assess the current situation and develop a new consensus on the management of ABM, taking into consideration the human and health potential of Egypt. All the experts who participated in writing and directing this conference belong to different Egyptian universities, and their main clinical interest was infectious diseases. Others work in fever hospitals that are affiliated with the Ministry of Health. They collaborated on the statements` writing, reviewing, and voting to reach the final version. Each statement was voted as strongly, moderately, or weekly recommended. Each statement should have a predefined score of 80% agreement to be accepted and reported in this consensus.

Conclusion

This Egyptian consensus model offers a feasible and context-specific approach to managing ABM, aiming to improve outcomes and reduce disparities in resource-limited settings.
A Novel Facile and Efficient Prophylaxis Avenue of Chitosan Oligosaccharide/PLGA Based Polydatin Loaded Nanoparticles Against Bleomycin-Induced Lung Inflammation in Experimental Rat Model
Authors: Alnagar Ahmed Nashaat , Motawea Amira , Zaghloul Randa A. , Eldesoqui Mamdouh , Abu Hashim Irhan Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Lung inflammation is a hallmark of several respiratory diseases. Despite the great effectiveness of the synthetic antiinflammatory agents, they cause potential side effects. Polydatin (PD), a natural phytomedicine, has antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. Its clinical applications are hindered due to poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid metabolism by first-pass effect. Herein, we report the development of a novel chitosan oligosaccharide-coated PD-loaded Poly dl-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles (COS-coated PD/PLGA NPs) against a bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation in a rat model. The NPs exhibited a small particle size of 188.57 ± 5.68 nm and a high zeta potential of + 18.13 ± 2.75 mV with spherical architecture and sustained release pattern of PD. In vivo studies in bleomycin-induced lung inflammation in a rat model revealed the superior prophylactic activity of COS-coated PD/PLGA NPs over the free drug (PD) as demonstrated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, alongside biochemical assays evaluating oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokine levels. Overall, the optimized COS-coated PD/PLGA NPs formulation offers a promising prophylactic platform against many respiratory diseases.

Graphical Abstract
Genetic Variants Associated With the Biochemical Response to Vitamin D3 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Best Cora M , Li Xiaohui , Rotter Jerome I , Prince David K , Hsu Simon , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Siscovick David , Taylor Kent D , Williams Kayleen , Michos Erin D , Psaty Bruce M , Shea Steven , Rice Kenneth M , Watson Karol E , Allen Norrina B , Tracy Russell P , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne , de Boer Ian H , Kestenbaum Bryan R
Published: January 2025

Context

The response to treatment with vitamin D varies between patients.

Objective

To identify genetic variants associated with the biochemical response to vitamin D3 supplementation.

Design

Randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted between 2017 and 2019.

Setting

The trial was nested in an ongoing community-based cohort study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Intervention

2000 International Units of vitamin D3 or placebo daily for 16 weeks.

Participants

The analytic sample included 427 participants assigned to vitamin D3 (mean age, 73 years; 54% females) and was 36% White, 33% Black, 18% Hispanic, and 14% Chinese.

Main Outcome Measures

The biochemical response to vitamin D3 included changes in serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], PTH, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3].

Results

In genome-wide analyses, single nucleotide polymorphisms in 8 regions of the genome had significant association (P < 5E-08) with 1 of the traits (2 with change in 1,25(OH)2D3, 1 with change in PTH, and 5 with change in 25(OH)D3). rs16867276 within an intergenic region on 2q31 was associated with change in serum 1,25(OH)2D3 (+8.37 pg/mL difference per effect allele; P = 4.93E-08) and was the only locus that achieved genome-wide significance in transethnic meta-analysis. rs114044709 adjacent to FAM20A, which encodes a protein required for biomineralization, was associated with change in PTH among Black participants (+20.32 pg/mL difference per effect allele; P = 1.34E-08). In candidate analyses, single nucleotide polymorphisms within SULT2A1 and CYP24A1 had significant association (P < .05÷36 = .0014) with the changes in 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results reveal potential new pathways of vitamin D regulation that require replication in other vitamin D trials.
BMP and STRA8 act collaboratively to ensure correct mitotic-to-meiotic transition in the fetal mouse ovary
Authors: Cheung Fiona K. M. , Feng Chun-Wei Allen , Crisp Clare , Mishina Yuji , Spiller Cassy M. , Bowles Josephine
Published: January 2025

A successful mitosis-to-meiosis transition in germ cells is essential for fertility in sexually reproducing organisms. In mice and humans, it has been established that expression of STRA8 is crucial for meiotic onset in both sexes. Here, we show that BMP signalling is also essential, not for STRA8 induction but for correct meiotic progression in female mouse fetal germ cells. Largely in agreement with evidence from primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) in vitro, germ cell-specific deletion of BMP receptor 1A (BMPR1A; ALK3) caused aberrant retention of pluripotency marker OCT4 and meiotic progression was compromised; however, the timely onset of Stra8 and STRA8 expression was unaffected. Comparing the transcriptomes of Bmpr1a-cKO and Stra8-null models, we reveal interplay between the effects of BMP signalling and STRA8 function. Our results verify a role for BMP signalling in instructing germ cell meiosis in female mice in vivo, and shed light on the regulatory mechanisms underlying fetal germ cell development.
The Effects of Gymnastics Programs with Different Cognitive Loads on Working Memory and Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lin Chih-Chien , Kao Shih-Chun , Hung Chiao-Ling , Tsai Chia-Liang , Huang Chung-Ju , Chang Yu-Kai , Hung Tsung-Min
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the effects of gymnastics programs with high versus low cognitive load on children's visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation.

Methods

Eighty-one healthy children aged 7 to 10 from Taipei City were randomly assigned to high cognitive load (HG), low cognitive load (LG), and control (SC) groups. The HG and LG groups underwent an 8-week gymnastics program with different levels of cognitive load, while the SC group participated in a static course. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included VSWM tests and simultaneous monitoring of PFC oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration.

Results

The results showed time-related improvements in response accuracy and d-prime (d') from the pretest to posttest for both the HG and LG groups but not for the SC group. Additionally, the HG group demonstrated higher response accuracy and d' compared to the SC group at the posttest. Although VSWM-related HbO concentration was higher during task conditions requiring higher WM load compared to low WM load, no intervention effect was found. Further correlation analysis controlling for intervention-related fitness changes revealed positive associations between time-related changes in VSWM performance (response accuracy and d') and HbO concentration across all participants, with a similar correlation between response accuracy and HbO remaining specifically in the HG group but not other groups.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that a 8-week gymnastics program can enhance VSWM performance and such cognitive benefits may be maximized by incorporating higher cognitive loads into the intervention. Despite the positive correlations between time-related changes in PFC oxygenation and VSWM performance, the gymnastics programs did not alter task-related PFC oxygenation, suggesting that intervention-induced VSWM improvement may not be solely dependent on changes in task-related PFC oxygenation.
Assessment of sub-maximal aerobic capacity in North African patients with chronic hepatitis B: a pilot case-control study
Authors: Bergaoui Jihene , Latiri Imed , MRAD Sawssen , Chaouch Houda , Amous Salma , Ben Abdallah Jihene , Ernez Hajri Samia , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: January 2025

Background Studies assessing sub-maximal aerobic capacity in non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate sub-maximal aerobic capacity in CHB patients compared to apparently healthy participants (control-group). Methods A 6-min walk test was performed. The 6-min walk distance (6MWD) was recorded, along with heart-rate, oxygen hemoglobin saturation (SpO2), blood pressure, and dyspnea ( ie ; visual analogue scale) at rest (Rest) and at the end (End) of the test. Additionally, 6-min walk work (6MWW), “6MWD × body mass index (BMI), “6MWD × SpO2End”, and “estimated cardiorespiratory and muscular chain age” were calculated. Signs of physical intolerance were determined including abnormal 6MWD ( ie ; 6MWD < lower limit of normal), chronotropic insufficiency ( ie ; heart-rateEnd < 60% of maximal predicted heart-rate), high dyspnea ( ie ; dyspneaEnd > 5), and desaturation ( ie ; drop in SpO2 > 5 points). Results Compared to the control-group (n=28), the CHB-group (n=26) exhibited significantly lower 6MWD by 61 meters (13%), lower 6MWW by 5266 m.kg, lower “6MWD × BMI” by 1498 m.kg/m2, lower “6MWD × SpO2End” by 5650%, and lower heart-rateEnd by 26 bpm (12% predicted). The CHB-group included higher percentages of participants with chronotropic insufficiency (23.08% vs. 3.57% in the CG) and abnormal 6MWD (34.61% vs. 3.57% in the CG). CHB accelerated the aging of the “cardiorespiratory and muscular chain” by 11 years. Conclusion Non-cirrhotic CHB may contribute to reduced submaximal aerobic capacity and acceleration of “cardiorespiratory and muscular chain” aging. A regular physical activity program could be a valuable intervention to mitigate these effects.
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND MUSEUM OBJECTS: RESULTS OF THEIR COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS AS OBJECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Authors: Zolotov Gennady B.
Published: January 2025

The subject of the presented paper is the normative foundations and doctrinal approaches to industrial designs and museum objects as intellectual property objects, which is predetermined by the purpose of the research, which is to identify the relationship and interaction of norms regulating relations in the field of intellectual property objects having the features of museum objects and industrial designs. The methodological basis was made up of a comparative method that allowed us to correlate the concept, signs, and legal consequences of the regimes of the considered objects. The methodology of the study also included a content analysis of information systems containing information about intellectual property objects, as well as a formal legal method that allowed to reveal the essence of the legal nature of the ratio of the studied objects. According to the results of the study, the general and special characteristics of museum objects and industrial designs were established, the correlation of the legal regime of the considered objects was revealed. Based on this, the field of applied results consists of public relations related to the processes of museumisation of industrial heritage aimed at preserving and popularizing cultural values of industrial activity. The conclusions obtained made it possible to note the differentiation of objects of protection in copyright and patent law, it was established that industrial designs cannot be represented by methods and means of protection peculiar to copyright object. This distinction is also due to the definition of an industrial design and methods of use established in civil legislation. At the same time, it is recognized that the ideological component of a particular intellectual property object in the conditions of its life cycle can move from the mode of an industrial design to the mode of a museum object.
Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) for Ecologically Sound Agriculture and its Market Trend Evolution
Authors: Tatung Mum , Chaupoo Anu Seng , Deb Chitta Ranjan
Published: January 2025

Amidst the escalating concerns regarding the detrimental impact of harmful agrochemicals, the development of organic fertilizers has assumed paramount importance in curbing reliance on syntheticcounterparts within agricultural practices. Plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) has emerged as a promising solution, owing to its capacity to enhance plant development via many pathways, including siderophore synthesis, phosphate solubilizationand indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, along side other beneficial traits such as stress tolerance and biocontrol activity. The increasing awareness of the adverse consequences of harsh agrochemicals has prompted a shift towards organic biofertilizers, aligning with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Numerous countries have already begun implementing stringent regulations on use of harmful chemicals while actively promoting the adoption of microbe-based products to enhance plant growth. While it’s not feasible to completely eliminate synthetic agrochemicals overnight, the incorporation of biofertilizers can substantially reduce their usage. The principal goal of this comprehensive review is to delve into the pivotal role of PGPF in fostering environmentally responsible agriculture. Additionally, it digs into the emerging market trends linked with products based on PGPF.
The Impact of Shifting from Subsistence to Cash Crops on the Livelihoods of the Soliga Tribe in India
Authors: Chongtham Iman Raj , Shahi Sneha , Chikkanjegowda Madegowda , Boraiah Obaiah , M Badiger Shrinivas
Published: January 2025

Efforts to protect and conserve nature are essential worldwide. However, in many protected forests, local communities have lived for centuries, relying on the environment for food, income, shelter, and cultural practices. Conservation regulations often impact their livelihoods. This study examines the challenges and opportunities for sustaining the livelihoods of Soliga tribe farmers in Biligiri Ranganatha Swamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve, South India. A participatory workshop with five researchers and 25 diverse farmers (male, female, young, and old) discussed: a) current agricultural and livelihood practices; b) key drivers of land-use changes; and c) necessary actions for sustainable livelihoods. Findings showed that shifting from traditional subsistence crops to cash crops like coffee, pepper, and floriculture reduced food availability but increased cash income. Non-timber forest products such as honey, berries, nuts, and firewood significantly supplemented household needs. Challenges included low coffee yields due to disease and poor soil, changing rainfall patterns, limited land, and wildlife crop damage. The forest conservation policies enforced during the recent decades have limited their access to resources and traditional lands, affecting their food security and economic stability. Additionally, limited access to education and employment opportunities restricts their social and economic mobility. Ongoing research and support are needed to enhance sustainable farming techniques such as mulching, composting, intercropping, integrated pest management, and controlling Lantana spp. to achieve resilient farming systems.
Molecular Characterization and Plant Growth Promotion Potential of Paenibacillus Dendritiformis Endophyte Isolated from Tecomella Undulata (Roheda)
Authors: Choudhary Nisha , Choudhary Mahima , Mishra Sunidhi , Verma Rakesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

In this study, we have isolated a bacterial endophyte Paenibacillus dendritiformis strain RAE13 (Accession number: OR259131) from the leaves of Tecomella undulata (Roheda) plant. The identification of bacterial species was carried out using 16s-rDNA ribotyping. Subsequently, the isolated bacterial strain was gauged for its potential to endorse plant growth through various mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, IAA production, HCN synthesis, siderophore generation, and ammonia production. Furthermore, the evaluation focused on the endophyte's capacity for producing extracellular enzymes, including cellulase, chitinase, protease, amylase, and catalase. The endophyte exhibited to synthesize an average of 18±0.375 μg/ml of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) after being subjected to a concentration of 5 mg/ml of tryptophan over a 14-day incubation period. The endophytic isolate RAE 13 produced an average of 42.4±0.004 μg/ml of Gibberellin, solubilized phosphate in the range of 70.2 μg/ml to 135.5 μg/ml, and produced an average of 45.5 μg/ml of ammonia. The phylogenetic analysis unveiled that the isolated strain RAE13 had a common ancestor and had a maximum nucleotide sequence similarity of 98.30% with Paenibacillus sp isolates of Uttar Pradesh, India. To diminish the consumption of chemicals in conventional farming, the results indicated that the isolated endophyte had great potential as a plant growth-stimulating inoculant. Henceforward, utilization of these extracellular enzymes for medical and industrial applications will be highly beneficial. Additionally, it could enhance plant tolerance to challenging environmental circumstances including drought and high temperatures.
Pakistan-Tajikistan Relations and Prospects for Energy Collaboration through CASA-1000
Authors:   Government Imamia Associate College, Sahiwal, Pakistan, Hussain Fakhar , Ahmed Waqar ,   Global Cultural and Industrial Management, Calvin University, South Korea, Naseer Rizwan ,   Pakistan Air Force Air War College, Faisal, Pakistan
Published: January 2025

This article uses qualitative methods to explore the CASA-1000 project as it relates to the prosperity of central and south Asia and the energy needs of Pakistan. During the 2000s there was a surge in energy demand in Pakistan, exceeding supply. Its economy was crippled by the energy crisis, drawing attention to the need for a comprehensive and sustainable energy strategy. Efforts made by Pakistan to address this issue demonstrate a constructive approach to cooperation in the region and have led to the CASA-1000 project in collaboration with Tajikistan, a country with an advantageous geographic position and abundance of natural resources. Most Central Asian republics are seeking opportunities to enter the energy export market in order to effectively use their excess energy during the summer season. Similarly, South Asian countries are eager to acquire these resources to meet their energy requirements. Central Asian states can turn their energy resources into liquidity, which will boost their economies and bring about prosperity. It is apparent that ongoing projects such as CASA-1000 will benefit not only Pakistan and Tajikistan, but also other countries of south and central Asia.
Modeling the physical layer of air-to-space optical communication networks using the modified multi-scale method
Authors: Helsdingen Wieger , den Breeje Remco , Saathof Rudolf
Published: January 2025

To support the development of free-space-optical (FSO) communication technologies, an end-to-end physical layer model of a satellite communication service was developed. This service involves physical processes spanning multiple time scales: hours (relative platform dynamics), minutes (link selection, atmospheric attenuation), milliseconds (atmospheric turbulence, platform disturbances), and nanoseconds (photon and bit transportation). The modified multi-scale method (MMM) was used to combine the physics of these processes and to model an end-to-end global FSO communication service between an airborne platform and a satellite constellation. The method provides a better understanding of physical interdependencies, allows performance analysis on multiple time scales, and enables valuable insight into where to optimize such a service. The results show realistic performance metrics when compared to other smaller-scale models and demonstrations. The MMM can be used as a mission performance indicator of an end-to-end satellite communication service.
Fast and high-resolution multimode fiber speckle imaging via optical coherence control
Authors: Fan Ronghua , Zheng Yue , Ke Wei , Feng Tianxuan , Zhang Hanyi , Fan Rong , Cao Yin , Li Lijing
Published: January 2025

Speckle imaging through single multimode fibers (MMFs) has garnered significant attention for its minimally invasive nature and high imaging resolution. However, the prevalent fully serial sampling approach severely limits imaging speed. Here, we propose, to our knowledge, a novel method for achieving fast and high-resolution speckle imaging via optical coherence control. Employing highly coherent input light, high-quality single-speckle patterns are generated to ensure superior image fidelity. Simultaneously, utilizing the incoherence between different input lights, incoherent hybrid speckle patterns are generated, enabling parallel sampling and thereby enhancing imaging speed. This method not only accelerates imaging but also preserves high-quality results. The experimental results indicate that by using high-quality hybrid speckle pattern illumination, the sampling speed increases Q-fold, with Q being the number of single speckle patterns within each hybrid speckle pattern. Reconstructed images exhibit structural similarity indices of at least 0.75 and peak signal-to-noise ratios of at least 15.5 dB. Additionally, we verified that the hybrid speckle pattern illumination method is also applicable to perturbation rejection MMF imaging systems. Our proposed method offers, to our knowledge, a novel approach to enhancing the performance of MMF speckle imaging systems.
High-brightness 300 W fiber laser at ~950 nm
Authors: Fan Chenchen , Hao Xiulu , Li Yang , Yao Tianfu , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu
Published: January 2025

Fiber lasers operating in the 900 nm wavelength band have garnered significant interest due to their extensive array of applications. However, their development is still hindered by various factors, with the output power currently being restricted to the hundred-watt level. Despite numerous proposed solutions, achieving higher power outputs in this wavelength band remains a challenge. In this Letter, we have pioneered a new approach that harnesses stimulated Raman scattering within a fiber nonlinear gain framework. We have engineered a high-brightness laser diode source by utilizing techniques such as spectral beam combining and polarization beam combining, which are then employed directly for pumping. Through meticulous optimization of the fiber laser system and by incorporating brightness enhancement strategies such as multimode fiber beam cleaning and resonant cavity spatial mode selection, we have achieved a record-breaking output power of 315 W with an outstanding beam quality factor of M2 = 2.45 for high-brightness fiber lasers at ∼950 nm.
Absorption and emission properties of thulium doped glasses in optical fibers
Authors: Unger Sonja , Leich Martin , Schwuchow Anka , Lorenz Martin , Müller Robert , Pratiwi Arni , Kobelke Jens , Lorenz Adrian , Dellith Jan , Kränkel Christian , Jäger Matthias
Published: January 2025

Optical properties of Tm-doped fibers based on different host glass materials, silica and yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG), prepared with different technologies, are studied. We show that crystal-derived fibers offer a wider range of core compositions compared to silica fibers prepared by the modified chemical vapor deposition method in combination with solution doping and provide the possibility to tune optical properties towards new applications. Absorption and emission behavior, including absorption cross-sections, fluorescence intensities, and lifetimes of the 3F4 and 3H4 energy levels, are investigated in the wavelength range from 190 nm to 2150 nm and concentration range from 0.08 mol% up to 1.52 mol% Tm2O3. For a YAG-derived fiber, a new record for silica-based Tm fibers was set with the measured lifetime of the 3H4 transition of 63 µs at a Tm concentration of 0.23 mol% Tm2O3, which provides access to new laser transitions in Tm. As a result of these investigations, an energy level scheme with all observed absorption and emission transitions is presented.
Performance-Management-Systeme: Immer noch die „Rituals of Verification“ oder schon Multidimensionale Integrierte Informationssysteme?
Authors: Pidun Tim
Published: January 2025

Die Digitale Transformation (DT) mit ihrem Haupttreiber Informationstechnologie (IT) ist eine zentrale Herausforderung für Unternehmen und Behörden. Eine ihrer Haupteffekte ist die Verbesserung der Entscheidungsunterstützung in Organisationen. Die u. a. wichtigsten Informationssysteme zur Unterstützung des Managements sind dabei Performance-Management-Systeme (PMS), insbesondere wird der Einsatz von Softwareanwendungen zur Automatisierung von PMS gefordert. Dieser Beitrag sammelt in einem strukturierten Review erste Forschungsergebnisse zu Anforderungen an PMS und bereits nutzbarer Softwarelösungen. Im Ergebnis lassen sich spezialisierte Lösungen finden, die allerdings bestehende Nachteile nicht überwinden sowie generelle Ansätze, deren Einsatz im Bereich der PMS noch nicht verbreitet ist. Eine vollintegrierte multidimensionale Lösung, die allen Anforderungen genügt, ist dagegen derzeit nicht sichtbar und bedürfte der Konstruktion.
Spatio-temporal risk prediction of leptospirosis: A machine-learning-based approach
Authors: Govan Rodrigue , Scherrer Romane , Fougeron Baptiste , Laporte-Magoni Christine , Thibeaux Roman , Genthon Pierre , Fournier-Viger Philippe , Goarant Cyrille , Selmaoui-Folcher Nazha
Published: January 2025

Background

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease prevalent worldwide, particularly in tropical regions experiencing frequent rainfall and severe cyclones, which are further aggravated by climate change. This bacterial zoonosis, caused by the Leptospira genus, can be transmitted through contaminated water and soil. The Pacific islands bear a high burden of leptospirosis, making it crucial to identify key factors influencing its distribution. Understanding these factors is vital for developing targeted policy decisions to mitigate the spread of Leptospira.

Methodology/Principal findings

This study aims to establish a precise spatio-temporal risk map of leptospirosis at a national scale, using binarized incidence rates as the variable to predict. The spatial analysis was conducted at a finer resolution than the city level, while the temporal analysis was performed on a monthly basis from 2011 to 2022. Our approach utilized a comprehensive strategy combining machine learning models trained on binarized incidences, along with descriptive techniques for identifying key factors. The analysis encompasses a broad spectrum of variables, including meteorological, topographic, and socio-demographic factors. The strategy achieved a concordance metric of 83.29%, indicating a strong ability to predict the presence of contamination risk, with a sensitivity of 83.93%. Key findings included the identification of seasonal patterns, such as the impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, and the determination that rainfall and humidity with a one-month lag are significant contributors to Leptospira contamination. Conversely, soil types rich in organic matter may reduce bacterial presence and survival.

Conclusions/Significance

The study highlights the significant influence of environmental factors on the seasonal spread of Leptospira, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. These findings are crucial for public health planning, providing insights for targeted policies to reduce leptospirosis, while advanced machine learning models serve as a robust tool for improving disease surveillance, and risk assessment, which ultimately supports the development of an early warning system.
Changes in stress-related outcomes among graduate students following the Mindfulness Ambassador Program: A pilot study
Authors: Vasudevan Varsha , Tran Benjamin , Burke Shauna M. , Tucker Patricia , Irwin Jennifer D.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Graduate students face numerous demands, high stress levels, and associated challenges to intra- and inter-personal relationships. Mindfulness may help to ease such challenging experiences. The Mindfulness Ambassador Program (MAP) is a promising group-based program that has not yet been studied among graduate students. The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) explore graduate students’ perceptions of stress, and their relationships with themselves and meaningful others; (2) explore graduate students’ perspectives of and satisfaction with the MAP; and (3) investigate if participation in the MAP elicited changes in graduate students’ perceived levels of stress, self-awareness, interpersonal skills, and/or social connectedness.

Methods

In this one-group, pre/post mixed-methods pilot study, nine participants completed pre-post questionnaires and participated in a semi-structured interview post-intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and paired t-tests.

Results

Pre-intervention, qualitative themes included participants experiencing moderate-to-high stress levels, intrapersonal conflict, interpersonal relationship challenges, and seeing oneself as a work in progress. Post-intervention themes included better stress management, increased consideration for oneself and others, feelings of connection with others, and overall satisfaction with the MAP. Statistically significant improvements were found from pre- to post-intervention in mean score differences for perceived stress (p = .043), private self-awareness (p = .006), awareness of immediate surroundings (p = .044), and social connectedness (p = .006).

Conclusions

Participants reported several benefits from their positive experience participating in the MAP. These findings may be used to inform future mindfulness-based programming for graduate students.
Analysis of key parameters influencing the permeability of cement sheath based on multiphysical fields
Authors: Wei Luo , Zhang Weidong , Xu Kewei , Yang Jingwei , Liu Yangyang , Xiao Wei , Wei Mingji , Qian Liqin , Xia Chengyu
Published: January 2025

This paper develops a finite element analysis model to investigate the seepage characteristics of cement sheaths, considering the flow properties of their porous medium. The model’s applicability under various conditions was evaluated through grid sensitivity tests and model validation, indicating that it effectively captures the seepage behavior of cement sheaths with a reasonable degree of reliability. Key parameters, including cement sheath length, permeability, gap structure, pressure differential, and fluid properties, were analyzed using finite element methods to determine their impact on seepage flow. The findings reveal that crack width, permeability, and cement sheath length significantly influence seepage flow in both liquid and gas media. These insights enhance the understanding and prediction of cement sheath seepage characteristics under diverse conditions.
“Many old people taking care of old people”: Experiences of older adults after Hurricane María in Puerto Rico
Authors: Santiago-Santiago Adrián J. , Ramos-Santiago Jeffrey , Rivera-Segarra Eliut
Published: January 2025

The Puerto Rican population has presented demographic changes resulting in a greater proportion of older adults than almost any other country in the world, with an estimated 28% of the total population being over 60 years of age. A key public health issue in Puerto Rico (PR) is older adults’ mental health and wellbeing. Located in the Caribbean, PR is prone to natural hazards such as hurricanes, which are a known threat to older adults’ overall health and wellbeing. However, the needs of older adults in PR and their mental health have been largely neglected, especially in less visible and marginalized rural areas. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the challenges and needs of older adults following Hurricane María in the rural towns of Adjuntas and Castañer, PR. We implemented an exploratory qualitative research design informed by the principles of Liming methodology. We used semi-structured interviews to gather data and analyzed it using thematic analysis. A total of 25 participants engaged in our interview process including older adults (n = 15) and community caregivers and leaders that provide services to older adults (n = 10). We present three main themes regarding older adults’ experiences after Hurricane María: 1) Challenges to wellbeing (i.e, loneliness, lack of resources), 2) Relational solidarity (i.e., communal support, equitable resource sharing) and 3) La brega (i.e., adaption and autogestión). Older adults in Adjuntas and Castañer addressed the emergent challenges after Hurricane María such as loneliness and lack of resources by relying on their communities. These findings highlight the role of community support as a key component to understand and foster older adults’ wellbeing following a natural hazard.
The diagnostic accuracy of umbilical cord procalcitonin in predicting early-onset neonatal infection
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Thi Diep Anh Truong , Truong Quang Vinh , Pham Thi Ny
Published: January 2025

Introduction

To determine the threshold of umbilical cord blood procalcitonin for early-onset neonatal infection diagnosis.

Method

This prospective study was conducted on 126 neonates in the neonatal care unit of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Vietnam, from June 01, 2023 to August 31, 2024. All neonates showed signs at birth or risk factors for early-onset infection (EOI) and were divided into two groups: EOI group and non-EOI group. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected for procalcitonin analysis immediately after birth.

Results

The median procalcitonin (PCT) levels in umbilical cord blood were significantly higher in the EOI group (0.154 ng/ml [0.092–0.197]) compared to the non-EOI group (0.097 ng/ml [0.082–0.134]; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined the optimal threshold value of PCT of 0.142 ng/ml with an AUC 0.751 (95% CI: 0.661–0.841, p<0.001) in the total population. At this cut-off, the Se, Sp, PPV, and NPV were 68.2%, 76.8%, 61.2%, and 81.8%, respectively. The optimal cut-off value for preterm neonates was 0.122 ng/ml (AUC: 0.785, 95% CI: 0.658–0.911, p<0.001) corresponding a Se of 79.2%, Sp of 74.1%, PPV of 73.1%, and NPV of 80.0%. In term group, the optimal cut-off value was 0.150 ng/ml (AUC: 0.726, 95% CI: 0.583–0.860, p<0.01), with a Se of 60.0%, Sp of 80.4%, PPV of 52.2%, and NPV of 84.9%.

Conclusions

Umbilical cord blood PCT concentration were elevated in neonates with EOI. PCT could be a valuable marker for the early diagnosis of EOI.
Light-dependent variations in fatty acid profiles and gene expression in Antarctic microalgal cultures
Authors: Stuart Jacqui , Smith Kirsty F. , Miller Matt , Pearman John K. , Robinson Natalie , Rhodes Lesley , Thompson Lucy , Challenger Sarah , Parnell Nicole , Ryan Ken G.
Published: January 2025

Photosynthetic eukaryotic microalgae are key primary producers in the Antarctic sea ice environment. Anticipated changes in sea ice thickness and snow load due to climate change may cause substantial shifts in available light to these ice-associated organisms. This study used a laboratory-based experiment to investigate how light levels, simulating different sea ice and snow thicknesses, affect fatty acid (FA) composition in two ice associated microalgae species, the pennate diatom Nitzschia cf. biundulata and the dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis. FA profiling and transcriptomic analyses were used to compare the impact of three light levels: High (baseline culturing conditions 90 ± 1 μmol photons m−2 s−1), mid (10 ± 1 μmol photons m−2 s−1); and low (1.5 ± 1 μmol photons m−2 s−1) on each isolate. Both microalgal isolates had altered growth rates and shifts in FA composition under different light conditions. Nitzschia cf. biundulata exhibited significant changes in specific saturated and monounsaturated FAs, with a notable increase in energy storage-related FAs under conditions emulating thinner ice or reduced snow cover. Polarella glacialis significantly increased production of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in mid light conditions, particularly octadecapentaenoic acid (C18:5N-3), indicating enhanced membrane fluidity and synthesis of longer-chain PUFAs. Notably, C18:5N-3 has been identified as an ichthyotoxic molecule, with fish mortalities associated with other high producing marine taxa. High light levels caused down regulation of photosynthetic genes in N. cf. biundulata isolates and up-regulation in P. glacialis isolates. This and the FA composition changes show the variability of acclimation strategies for different taxonomic groups, providing insights into the responses of microalgae to light stress. This variability could impact polar food webs under climate change, particularly through changes in macronutrient availability to higher trophic levels due to species specific acclimation responses. Further research on the broader microalgal community is needed to clarify the extent of these effects.
Unlocking prognostic potential: A genomic signature of caloric restriction in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Tal Ori , Zahavi Tamar , Sinberger Liat Anabel , Salmon-Divon Mali
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality in women, frequently recurring post-treatment, often accompanied by chemotherapy resistance. Dietary interventions have demonstrated influence on cancer progression; for instance, caloric restriction has exhibited tumor growth reduction and enhanced survival in animal cancer models. In this study, we calculated a transcriptomic signature based on caloric-restriction for ovarian cancer patients and explored its correlation with ovarian cancer progression.

Methods

We conducted a literature search to identify proteins modulated by fasting, intermittent fasting or prolonged caloric restriction in human females. Based on the gene expression of these proteins, we calculated a Non-Fasting Genomic Signature score for each ovarian cancer sample sourced from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, we examined the association between this genomic profile and various clinical characteristics.

Results

The non-fasting genomic signature, comprising eight genes, demonstrated higher prevalence in primary ovarian tumors compared to normal tissue. Patients with elevated signature expression exhibited reduced overall survival and increased lymphatic invasion. The mesenchymal subtype, associated with chemotherapy resistance, displayed the highest signature expression. Multivariate analysis suggested the non-fasting genomic signature as a potential independent prognostic factor.

Conclusions

Ovarian cancer tumors expressing a “non-fasting” transcriptional profile correlate with poorer outcomes, emphasizing the potential impact of caloric restriction in improving patient survival and treatment response. Further investigations, including clinical trials, are warranted to validate these findings and explore the broader applicability of non-fasting genomic signatures in other cancer types.
An Exploratory Study on the Possibility of ‘Med-Arb’ in Resolving Public Conflicts - Focus on the Conflict at Hadong First Market in Yeoju-si
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Haklin
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of Med-Arb in resolving public conflicts in Korea. The key to the use of Med-Arb is that mediation and arbitration are suitably combined. For this, this study analyzed the suitable combination of mediation and arbitration based on the case of conflict at Hadong First Market in Yeoju-si. The results of the analysis confirmed that Med-Arb can work effectively if the conditions for finally resolving the conflict by using arbitration are derived from mediation, even if the parties cannot reach an autonomous agreement through mediation. Specifically, it has been shown that Med-Arb can be a very useful means of resolving conflicts if the urgency of conflict resolution was shared, conflict issues were simplified in the mediation, or the relationship between conflicting parties improved to the extent necessary to solve the problem, but leadership for autonomous agreement was not established due to problems within the parties. In addition, it was found that Med-Arb requires high insight and skills of mediator that enable appropriate linkage between mediation and arbitration.
Factors Influencing Self-efficacy and Perceived Usefulness of SNS for Individuals with Visual and Hearing/Language Impairments - Factors Related to Use of SNS for People with Visual and Hearing/Language Impairments
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Han Myeung Hee
Published: January 2025

This cross-sectional study analyzed factors affecting self-efficacy and perceived usefulness related to SNS in people with visual and hearing/language impairments. 79 subjects with visual impairment and 117 subjects with hearing/speech impairments of 4th Disability and Life Dynamic Panel were included in this study. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors affecting SNS self-efficacy and SNS perceived usefulness. As the impairment acceptance score increased(p<.012) and no-depression(p<.001), SNS self-efficacy was significantly increased. Factors affecting SNS perceived usefulness were cause of disability(p<.043), depression(p<.001), self-esteem(p=.016), and family health(p=.014). In the case of acquired impairment and depression, the perceived usefulness was decreased. As self-esteem and family health increased, SNS perceived usefulness increased. SNS self-efficacy increased in the case of congenital impairment, in the absence of depression, and as self-esteem and family health increased. It is necessary to develop and apply various programs to improve the use of SNS by people with impairments.
A participação feminina na gramaticografia de espanhol como língua estrangeira no Brasil e o protagonismo de Beatriz de Chacel
Authors: Araujo Leandro Silveira de
Published: January 2025

Neste trabalho, descrevemos a participação da mulher na escrita de textos gramaticais de espanhol como língua estrangeira (E/LE) no Brasil. Em particular, visamos analisar a obra precursora dessa produção: El español del colegio, de Beatriz de Chacel (1944). Para tanto, partimos do levantamento da produção e circulação de gramáticas E/LE no país feito por Araujo (2024), no qual se controlaram fatores relativos ao contexto de publicação e autoria da gramaticografia brasileira de E/LE. Para a compilação do corpus, foram considerados os acervos bibliotecários de universidades brasileiras das cinco regiões brasileiras, da Biblioteca Nacional (RJ), de colégios bilíngues localizados a região sudeste e das oito unidades do Instituto Cervantes no Brasil. No total, foram identificadas 46 gramáticas publicadas no Brasil e outras 7 publicadas no exterior, mas destinadas a brasileiros. Entre as obras brasileiras, 24 tem autoria feminina – publicadas especialmente a partir dos anos 2000. Diante dos dados, além do trabalho de Beatriz de Chacel (1944), outros quatro foram considerados precursores no que diz respeito à participação feminina na autoria do material: (i) Lengua española, de Emilia Navarro Morales e Leônidas Sobrino Pôrto (1967); (ii) Gramática da língua espanhola, de Maria do Céu Carvalho e Agostinho Dias Carneiro (1969); (iii) Gramatica práctica de español, de Maria de Lourdes R Coimbra (1981), e (iv) Síntesis gramatical de la lengua española, de Maria Teodora Rodriguez Monzú Freire (1982). A análise se insere nos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Historiografia da Linguística e considera como pano de fundo para a interpretação de toda a narrativa o desenvolvimento do Hispanismo no Brasil, a partir da proposta das 4 ondas do hispanismo brasileiro, de Paraquett (2020). Considerando os limites desta discussão, a análise do papel do feminino na gramaticografia de E/LE parte efetivamente de uma breve apresentação das quatro obras publicadas na segunda metade do século XX. Na seção seguinte, debruçou-se mais cuidadosamente sobre a obra El español del colegio, de Beatriz de Chacel (1944). A partir da análise, foi possível observar o relativo atraso da inserção feminina na produção gramatical, mas sua relevância e impacto para o ensino da língua no país. Finalmente, o estudo do trabalho de Chacel (1944) indicou uma postura muito progressista na abordagem assumida para facilitar a aprendizagem da língua estrangeira. Por outro lado, quando comparado com outros autores contemporâneos a Chacel (1944), El español del colegio assume uma descrição mais conservadora e pautada pela Real Academia.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication(AAC) Analyzed from a Gender-Responsive Perspective -Focusing on Picture Symbol Systems-
Authors:   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Jung YongMin , Lee Hyeju
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze pictorial symbols of AAC to examine the socio-cultural representations and gender bias factors that appear in the symbol system and to suggest the necessity of applying and expanding gender sensitivity. Previous studies on the gender-sensitive perspective have emphasized the intervention of the gender-sensitive perspective in various fields in order to eliminate the gender bias phenomenon caused by socio-cultural concepts. This study was conducted in agreement with this critical awareness. Research Method: The Ministry of Gender Equality and Family’s gender impact assessment guidelines were reconstructed and utilized as an analysis matrix. The specific analysis target is the pictorial symbols included in the Korean AAC Symbol Search System (KAAC Symbols Search). Research Results: As a result of analyzing the pictorial symbols by extracting 3,060 items that were subject to analysis out of 10,000 symbols, it was confirmed that 2,019 items fell into the gender bias category. Through analysis, we were able to examine the need for intervention from an adult cognitive perspective. Conclusion: The need for application and expansion of the gender-sensitive perspective suggested by the analysis results and its direction were suggested.