bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA profiling reveals abundant and diverse circRNAs of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV origin
Authors: Yang Shaomin , Zhou Hong , Cruz-Cosme Ruth , Liu Mingde , Xu Jiayu , Niu Xiaoyu , Li Yaolan , Xiao Lizu , Wang Qiuhong , Zhu Hua , Tang Qiyi
Published: December 2020

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) encoded by DNA genomes have been identified across host and pathogen species as parts of the transcriptome. Accumulating evidences indicate that circRNAs play critical roles in autoimmune diseases and viral pathogenesis. Here we report that RNA viruses of theBetacoronavirusgenus ofCoronaviridae, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, encode a novel type of circRNAs. Throughde novocircRNA analyses of publicly available coronavirus-infection related deep RNA-Sequencing data, we identified 351, 224 and 2,764 circRNAs derived from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, and characterized two major back-splice events shared by these viruses. Coronavirus-derived circRNAs are more abundant and longer compared to host genome-derived circRNAs. Using a systematic strategy to amplify and identify back-splice junction sequences, we experimentally identified over 100 viral circRNAs from SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells. This collection of circRNAs provided the first line of evidence for the abundance and diversity of coronavirus-derived circRNAs and suggested possible mechanisms driving circRNA biogenesis from RNA genomes. Our findings highlight circRNAs as an important component of the coronavirus transcriptome.

We report for the first time that abundant and diverse circRNAs are generated by SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and represent a novel type of circRNAs that differ from circRNAs encoded by DNA genomes.
Caerulomycin and Collismycin Antibiotics Share atransFlavin-Dependent Assembly Line for 2,2’-Bipyridine Formation and Sulfur Fate Differentiation
Authors: Pang Bo , Liao Rijing , Tang Zhijun , Guo Shengjie , Wu Zhuhua , Liu Wen
Published: December 2020

Linear nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) template the modular biosynthesis of numerous nonribosomal peptides, polyketides and their hybrids though assembly line chemistry. This chemistry can be complex and highly varied, and thus challenges the understanding in the diverse polymerization processes of amino acid and carboxylate monomers programmed by various NRPSs and PKSs in nature. Here, we report that caerulomycin and collismycin peptide-polyketide hybrid antibiotics share an unusual assembly line that involves NRPS activity to recruit a flavoprotein actingin transand catalyze C-C bond formation and heterocyclization during 2,2’-bipyridine formation. Simultaneously, this assembly line provides dethiolated and thiolated 2,2’-bipyridine intermediates through differential treatment of the sulfhydryl group arising from L-cysteine incorporation. Subsequent L-leucine extension, which does not contribute any atoms to either caerulomycins or collismycins, plays a key role in sulfur fate determination by selectively advancing one of the two 2,2’-bipyridine intermediates down a path to the final products with or without sulfur decoration. These findings further the appreciation of assembly line chemistry and will facilitate the development of related molecules using synthetic biology approaches.
Environmental conditions and diffusion-limited microbial transfer drive specific microbial communities detected at different sections in oil-production reservoir with water-flooding
Authors: Gao Peike , Tian Huimei , Li Guoqiang , Zhao Feng , Xia Wenjie , Gu Ji-Dong , Le Jianjun , Ma Ting
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the distribution of microbial communities in the oilfield production facilities of a water-flooding petroleum reservoir and the roles of environmental variation, microorganisms in injected water, and diffusion-limited microbial transfer in structuring the microbial communities. Similar bacterial communities were observed in surface water-injection facilities dominated by aerobic or facultative anaerobic Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteria. Distinct bacterial communities were observed in downhole of the water-injection wells dominated by Clostridia, Deltaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae, and Synergistia, and in the oil-production wells dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria.Methanosaeta, Methanobacterium, andMethanolineawere dominant archaeal taxa in the water-injection facilities, while the oil-production wells were predominated byMethanosaeta,Methanomethylovorans, andMethanocalculus. Energy, nucleotide, translation, and glycan biosynthesis metabolisms were more active in the downhole of the water-injection wells, while bacterial chemotaxis, biofilm formation, two-component system, and xenobiotic biodegradation was associated with the oil-production wells. The number of shared OTUs and its positive correlation with formation permeability revealed differential diffusion-limited microbial transfer in oil-production facilities. The overall results indicate that environmental variation and microorganisms in injected water are the determinants that structure microbial communities in water-injection facilities, and the determinants in oil-bearing strata are environmental variation and diffusion-limited microbial transfer.

IMPORTANCE

Water-flooding continually inoculates petroleum reservoirs with exogenous microorganisms, nutrients, and oxygen. However, how this process influences the subsurface microbial community of the whole production process remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of microbial communities in the oilfield production facilities of a water-flooding petroleum reservoir, and comprehensively illustrate the roles of environmental variation, microorganisms in injected water, and diffusion-limited microbial transfer in structuring the microbial communities. The results advance fundamental understanding on petroleum reservoir ecosystems that subjected to anthropogenic perturbations during oil production processes.
Dissociation of the intramolecularly cleaved N- and C-terminal fragments of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR133 (ADGRD1) increases canonical signaling
Authors: Frenster Joshua D. , Stephan Gabriele , Ravn-Boess Niklas , Bready Devin , Wilcox Jordan , Kieslich Bjoern , Wilde Caroline , Sträter Norbert , Wiggin Giselle R. , Liebscher Ines , Schöneberg Torsten , Placantonakis Dimitris G.
Published: December 2020

GPR133 (ADGRD1), an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is necessary for growth of glioblastoma (GBM), a brain malignancy. The extracellular N-terminus of GPR133 is thought to be autoproteolytically cleaved into an N-terminal and a C-terminal fragment (NTF and CTF). Nevertheless, the role of this cleavage in receptor activation remains unclear. Here, we show that the wild-type (WT) receptor is cleaved after protein synthesis and generates significantly more canonical signaling than an uncleavable point mutant (H543R) in patient-derived GBM cultures and HEK293T cells. However, the resulting NTF and CTF remain non-covalently bound until the receptor is trafficked to the plasma membrane, where we find NTF-CTF dissociation. Using a fusion of the hPAR1 receptor N-terminus and the CTF of GPR133, we demonstrate that thrombin-induced cleavage and shedding of the hPAR1 NTF increases receptor signaling. This study supports a model where dissociation of the NTF at the plasma membrane promotes GPR133 activation.

Highlights

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GPR133 is intramolecularly cleaved in patient-derived GBM cultures

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Cleaved GPR133 signals at higher efficacy than the uncleavable GPR133 H543R mutant

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The N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF) of GPR133 dissociate at the plasma membrane

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Acute thrombin-induced cleavage of the human PAR1 NTF from the GPR133 CTF increases signaling

eTOC Blurb

Frenster et al. demonstrate intramolecular cleavage of the adhesion GPCR GPR133 in glioblastoma and HEK293T cells. The resulting N- and C-terminal fragments dissociate at the plasma membrane to increase canonical signaling. The findings suggest dissociation of GPR133’s N-terminus at the plasma membrane represents a major mechanism of receptor activation.
Astroglial calcium transfer from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria determines synaptic integration
Authors: Serrat Roman , Covelo Ana , Kouskoff Vladimir , Delcasso Sebastien , Ruiz Andrea , Chenouard Nicolas , Stella Carol , Blancard Corinne , Salin Benedicte , Julio-Kalajzić Francisca , Cannich Astrid , Massa Federico , Varilh Marjorie , Deforges Severine , Robin Laurie M. , De Stefani Diego , Busquets-Garcia Arnau , Gambino Frederic , Beyeler Anna , Pouvreau Sandrine , Marsicano Giovanni
Published: December 2020

Intracellular calcium signaling underlies the astroglial control of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs) are key determinants of calcium dynamics, but their functional impact on astroglial regulation of brain information processing is currently unexplored. We found that the activation of astrocyte mitochondrial-associated CB1 receptors (mtCB1) determines MERCs-dependent intracellular calcium signaling and synaptic integration. The stimulation of mtCB1 receptors promotes calcium transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria through specific mechanisms regulating the activity of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) channel. Physiologically, mtCB1-dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake determines the precise dynamics of cytosolic calcium events in astrocytes upon endocannabinoid mobilization. Accordingly, electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices showed that genetic exclusion of mtCB1 receptors or specific astroglial MCU inhibition blocks lateral synaptic potentiation, a key example of astrocyte-dependent integration of distant synapses activity. Altogether, these data reveal an unforeseen link between astroglial MERCs and the regulation of brain network functions.
Coordinated post-transcriptional control of oncogene-induced senescence by UNR/CSDE1
Authors: Avolio Rosario , Inglés-Ferrandiz Marta , Ciocia Annagiulia , Bonnin Sarah , Ribó Anna , Gebauer Fátima
Published: December 2020

Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a form of stable cell cycle arrest elicited in cells as a response to oncogenic stimulation. OIS must be bypassed for transformation, but the mechanisms of OIS establishment and bypass remain poorly understood, especially at the post-transcriptional level. Here we show that the RNA binding protein UNR/CSDE1, previously involved in melanoma metastasis, unexpectedly enables OIS in primary mouse keratinocytes that have been challenged by over-expression of oncogenic H-Ras. Depletion of CSDE1 leads to senescence bypass, cell immortalization and tumor formation in vivo, indicating that CSDE1 behaves as a tumor suppressor. Using iCLIP-Seq, RNA-Seq and polysome profiling we have uncovered two independent molecular branches by which CSDE1 contributes to OIS. On one hand, CSDE1 enhances the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) by promoting the stability of SASP factor mRNAs. On the other hand, CSDE1 represses the synthesis of the pro-oncogenic RNA binding protein YBX1. Importantly, depletion of YBX1 from immortal keratinocytes rescues senescence and uncouples proliferation arrest from the SASP, revealing multilayered post-transcriptional mechanisms exerted by CSDE1 to control senescence. Our data uncover a novel function of CSDE1, and highlight the relevance of post-transcriptional control in the regulation of senescence.
Small-angle neutron scattering solution structures of NADPH-dependent sulfite reductase
Authors: Murray Daniel T. , Weiss Kevin L. , Stanley Christopher B. , Nagy Gergely , Stroupe M. Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Sulfite reductase (SiR), a dodecameric complex of flavoprotein reductase subunits (SiRFP) and hemoprotein oxidase subunits (SiRHP), reduces sulfur reduction for biomass incorporation. Electron transfer within SiR requires intra- and inter-subunit interactions that are mediated by the relative position of each protein, governed by flexible domain movements. Using small-angle neutron scattering, we report the first solution structures of SiR heterodimers containing a single copy of each subunit. These structures show how the subunits bind and how both subunit binding and oxidation state impact SiRFP’s conformation. Neutron contrast matching experiments on selectively deuterated heterodimers allow us to define the contribution of each subunit to the solution scattering. SiRHP binding induces a change in the position of SiRFP’s flavodoxin-like domain relative to its ferredoxin-NADP+reductase domain while compacting SiRHP’s N-terminus. Reduction of SiRFP leads to a more open structure relative to its oxidized state, re-positioning SiRFP’s N-terminal flavodoxin-like domain towards the SiRHP binding position. These structures show, for the first time, how both SiRHP binding to, and reduction of, SiRFP positions SiRFP for electron transfer between the subunits.
The convergence and divergence of episodic and semantic functions across lateral parietal cortex
Authors: Humphreys Gina F. , Jung JeYoung , Lambon Ralph Matthew A.
Published: December 2020

Several decades of neuropsychological and neuroimaging research have highlighted the importance of lateral parietal cortex (LPC) across a myriad of cognitive domains. Yet, despite the prominence of this region the underlying function of LPC remains unclear. Two domains that have placed particular emphasis on LPC involvement are semantic memory and episodic memory retrieval. From each domain, sophisticated models have been proposed as to the underlying function, as well as the more domain-general assumption that LPC is engaged by any form of internally-directed cognition (episodic and semantic retrieval both being examples if this process). Here we directly address these alternatives using a combination of fMRI, functional connectivity and DTI white-matter connectivity data. The results show that ventral LPC (angular gyrus) was positively engaged during episodic retrieval but disengaged during semantic memory retrieval. In addition, the level of activity negatively varied with task difficulty in the semantic task whereas episodic activation was independent of difficulty. In contrast, dorsal LPC (intraparietal sulcus) showed domain general activation that was positively correlated with task difficulty. In terms of functional and structural connectivity, a dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior gradient of connectivity was found to different processing networks (e.g., mid-angular gyrus (AG) connected with episodic retrieval). We propose a unifying model in which LPC as a whole might share a common underlying neurocomputation (e.g., multimodal buffering) with variations in the emergent, expressed cognitive functions across subregions arising from differences in the underlying white matter connectivity.
CAZymes inMaribacter dokdonensis62-1 from the Patagonian shelf: Genomics and physiology compared to related flavobacteria and a co-occurringAlteromonasstrain
Authors: Wolter Laura A. , Mitulla Maximilian , Kalem Jovan , Daniel Rolf , Simon Meinhard , Wietz Matthias
Published: December 2020

Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are an important feature of bacteria in productive marine systems such as continental shelves, where phytoplankton and macroalgae produce diverse polysaccharides. We herein describeMaribacter dokdonensis62-1, a novel strain of this flavobacterial species, isolated from alginate-supplemented seawater collected at the Patagonian continental shelf.M. dokdonensis62-1 harbors a diverse array of CAZymes in multiple polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL). Two PUL encoding polysaccharide lyases from families 6, 7, 12 and 17 allow substantial growth with alginate as sole carbon source, with simultaneous utilization of mannuronate and guluronate as demonstrated by HPLC. Furthermore, strain 62-1 harbors a mixed-feature PUL encoding both ulvan- and fucoidan-targeting CAZymes. Core-genome phylogeny and pangenome analysis revealed variable occurrence of these PUL in relatedMaribacterandZobelliastrains, indicating specialization to certain “polysaccharide niches”. Furthermore, lineage- and strain-specific genomic signatures for exopolysaccharide synthesis possibly mediate distinct strategies for surface attachment and host interaction. The wide detection of CAZyme homologs in algae-derived metagenomes suggests global occurrence in algal holobionts, supported by sharing multiple adaptive features with the hydrolytic model flavobacteriumZobellia galactanivorans. Comparison withAlteromonassp. 76-1 isolated from the same seawater sample revealed that these co-occurring strains target similar polysaccharides but with different genomic repertoires, coincident with differing growth behavior on alginate that might mediate ecological specialization. Altogether, our study contributes to the perception ofMaribacteras versatile flavobacterial polysaccharide degrader, with implications for biogeochemical cycles, niche specialization and bacteria-algae interactions in the oceans.
Computational prediction of MHC anchor locations guide neoantigen identification and prioritization
Authors: Xia Huiming , McMichael Joshua , Becker-Hapak Michelle , Onyeador Onyinyechi C. , Buchli Rico , McClain Ethan , Pence Patrick , Supabphol Suangson , Richters Megan M. , Basu Anamika , Ramirez Cody A. , Puig-Saus Cristina , Cotto Kelsy C. , Freshour Sharon L. , Hundal Jasreet , Kiwala Susanna , Goedegebuure S. Peter , Johanns Tanner M. , Dunn Gavin P. , Ribas Antoni , Miller Christopher A. , Gillanders William E. , Fehniger Todd A. , Griffith Obi L. , Griffith Malachi
Published: December 2020

Neoantigens are novel peptide sequences resulting from sources such as somatic mutations in tumors. Upon loading onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, they can trigger recognition by T cells. Accurate neoantigen identification is thus critical for both designing cancer vaccines and predicting response to immunotherapies. Neoantigen identification and prioritization relies on correctly predicting whether the presenting peptide sequence can successfully induce an immune response. As the majority of somatic mutations are single nucleotide variants, changes between wildtype and mutated peptides are typically subtle and require cautious interpretation. A potentially underappreciated variable in neoantigen-prediction pipelines is the mutation position within the peptide relative to its anchor positions for the patient’s specific MHC molecules. While a subset of peptide positions are presented to the T-cell receptor for recognition, others are responsible for anchoring to the MHC, making these positional considerations critical for predicting T-cell responses. We computationally predicted high probability anchor positions for different peptide lengths for 328 common HLA alleles and identified unique anchoring patterns among them. Analysis of 923 tumor samples shows that 6-38% of neoantigen candidates are potentially misclassified and can be rescued using allelespecific knowledge of anchor positions. A subset of anchor results were orthogonally validated using protein crystallography structures. Representative anchor trends were experimentally validated using peptide-MHC stability assays and competition binding assays. By incorporating our anchor prediction results into neoantigen prediction pipelines, we hope to formalize, streamline and improve the identification process for relevant clinical studies.

One Sentence Summary

Neoantigen prediction accuracy is significantly influenced by the mutation position within the neoantigen and its relative position to the patient’s allele-specific MHC anchor locations.
Natural SARS-CoV-2 infections, including virus isolation, among serially tested cats and dogs in households with confirmed human COVID-19 cases in Texas, USA
Authors: Hamer Sarah A. , Pauvolid-Corrêa Alex , Zecca Italo B. , Davila Edward , Auckland Lisa D. , Roundy Christopher M. , Tang Wendy , Torchetti Mia , Killian Mary Lea , Jenkins-Moore Melinda , Mozingo Katie , Akpalu Yao , Ghai Ria R. , Spengler Jessica R. , Behravesh Casey Barton , Fischer Rebecca S. B. , Hamer Gabriel L.
Published: December 2020

The natural infections and epidemiological roles of household pets in SARS-CoV-2 transmission are not understood. We conducted a longitudinal study of dogs and cats living with at least one SARS-CoV-2 infected human in Texas and found 47.1% of 17 cats and 15.3% of 59 dogs from 25.6% of 39 households were positive for SARS-CoV-2 via RT-PCR and genome sequencing or neutralizing antibodies. Virus was isolated from one cat. The majority (82.4%) of infected pets were asymptomatic. Re-sampling of one infected cat showed persistence of viral RNA at least 32 d-post human diagnosis (25 d-post initial test). Across 15 antibody-positive animals, titers increased (33.3%), decreased (33.3%) or were stable (33.3%) over time. A One Health approach is informative for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Sweet and magnetic: Succession and CAZyme expression of marine bacterial communities encountering a mix of alginate and pectin particles
Authors: Bunse Carina , Koch Hanna , Breider Sven , Simon Meinhard , Wietz Matthias
Published: December 2020

Polysaccharide particles are an important nutrient source and microhabitat for marine bacteria. However, substrate-specific bacterial dynamics in a mixture of particle types with different polysaccharide composition, as likely occurring in natural habitats, are undescribed. Here, we studied the composition, functional diversity and gene expression of marine bacterial communities encountering a mix of alginate and pectin particles. Communities were collected above macroalgal forests near Helgoland Island − where polysaccharide-rich particles might regularly occur − and exposed to a mix of magnetic particles of each polysaccharide, allowing the targeted evaluation by particle type. Amplicon, metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing revealed that particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) communities significantly differed in composition and metabolism, whereas dynamics on alginate and pectin particles were unexpectedly similar. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) fromTenacibaculum,Colwellia,PsychrobiumandPsychromonasdominated the community on both particle types. Corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) expressed diverse alginate lyases, several co-localized in polysaccharide utilization loci. One low-abundance MAG related toCatenovulumshowed pectin specialization through upregulated GH53 and GH105 genes. A singleGlaciecolaASV dominated the FL fraction, likely persisting on particle-derived oligomers through different glycoside hydrolases. The bacterial preference for alginate, whereas pectin mainly served as colonization scaffold, illuminates substrate-driven microbial dynamics within mixed polysaccharide resources. Moreover, elevated ammonium metabolism signifies nitrogen availability as important factor on particles, whereas elevated methylcitrate and glyoxylate cycles illustrate nutrient-limited conditions in the surrounding water. These insights expand our understanding of bacterial microscale ecology, niche specialization and the biological carbon pump in macroalgae-rich habitats.
The context-dependent, combinatorial logic of BMP signaling
Authors: Klumpe Heidi , Langley Matthew A. , Linton James M. , Su Christina J. , Antebi Yaron E. , Elowitz Michael B.
Published: December 2020

Cell-cell communication systems typically comprise families of ligand and receptor variants that function together in combinations. Pathway activation depends in a complex way on which ligands are present and what receptors are expressed by the signal-receiving cell. To understand the combinatorial logic of such a system, we systematically measured pairwise Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) ligand interactions in cells with varying receptor expression. Ligands could be classified into equivalence groups based on their profile of positive and negative synergies with other ligands. These groups varied with receptor expression, explaining how ligands can functionally replace each other in one context but not another. Context-dependent combinatorial interactions could be explained by a biochemical model based on competitive formation of alternative signaling complexes with distinct activities. Together, these results provide insights into the roles of BMP combinations in developmental and therapeutic contexts and establish a framework for analyzing other combinatorial, context-dependent signaling systems.
Reusability and composability in process description maps: RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signalling
Authors: Mazein Alexander , Rougny Adrien , Karr Jonathan R. , Rodriguez Julio Saez , Ostaszewski Marek , Schneider Reinhard
Published: December 2020

Detailed maps of the molecular basis of the disease are powerful tools for interpreting data and building predictive models. Modularity and composability are considered necessary network features for large-scale collaborative efforts to build comprehensive molecular descriptions of disease mechanisms. An effective way to create and manage large systems is to compose multiple subsystems. Composable network components could effectively harness the contributions of many individuals and enable teams to seamlessly assemble many individual components into comprehensive maps. We examine manually-built versions of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK cascade from the Atlas of Cancer Signalling Network, PANTHER and Reactome databases and review them in terms of their reusability and composability for assembling new disease models. We identify design principles for managing complex systems that could make it easier for investigators to share and reuse network components. We demonstrate the main challenges including incompatible levels of detail and ambiguous representation of complexes and highlight the need to address these challenges.
High-speed rotating device for X-ray tomography with 10 ms temporal resolution
Authors: Mashita Ryo , Yashiro Wataru , Kaneko Daisuke , Bito Yasumasa , Kishimoto Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

The temporal resolution of X-ray tomography, using a synchrotron radiation X-ray source, has been improved to millisecond order in recent years. However, the sample must be rotated at a speed of more than a few thousand revolutions per minute, which makes it difficult to control the environment around the sample. In this study, a high-speed rotation device has been developed, comprising two synchronized coaxial motors movable along the direction of the axis, which can stretch or compress the rotating sample. Using this device, tomograms of breaking rubber were successfully obtained at a temporal resolution of 10 ms.
Oxidation of ultralene and paraffin due to radiation damage after exposure to soft X-rays probed by FTIR microspectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence
Authors: Bedolla Diana E. , Birarda Giovanni , Giannotta Sabina , Faoro Valentina , Cescato Alberto , Vaccari Lisa , Gianoncelli Alessandra
Published: December 2020

Radiation damage upon soft X-ray exposure is an important issue to be considered in soft X-ray microscopy. The work presented here is part of a more extended study on the topic and focuses on the effects of soft X-rays on paraffin, a common embedding medium for soft-tissues, and on ultralene and Si3N4 windows as sample supports. Our studies suggest that the sample environment indeed plays an important role in the radiation damage process and therefore should be carefully taken into account for the analysis and interpretation of new data. The radiation damage effects were followed over time using a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and it was demonstrated that, for higher doses, an oxidation of both embedding medium and ultralene substrate takes place after the irradiated sample is exposed to air. This oxidation is reflected in a clear increase of C=O and O—H infrared bands and on the XRF oxygen maps, correlated with a decrease of the aliphatic infrared signal. The results also show that the oxidation process may affect quantitative evaluation of light element concentrations.
Consolidating core entrepreneurial competences: toward a meta-competence framework
Authors: Reis Diane Aparecida , Fleury André Leme , Carvalho Marly Monteiro
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Emerging digital ventures and related breakthrough innovations result in new challenges for the development of entrepreneurial competences and demand new perspectives for entrepreneurship research. In this context, policy-makers and organizations are increasingly interested in fostering entrepreneurial competences to improve the success of policies and venture capital investments. This paper aims at identifying the core relevant entrepreneurial competences, mapping the current literature and the main clusters and going beyond toward a meta-competence framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The research approach is a literature review, combining bibliometric, network and content analysis. The sampling process was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The bibliometrics and content analysis were performed with a computer aid approach applying VosViewer1.6, Ucinet and NetDraw 2.139. The content analysis approach was performed considering a detailed coding schema developed. Finally, toward the meta-competences framework, the study applied quantitative analysis on the coding schema, particularly cross-tabulation, core-periphery and network analysis.

Findings

The results show the state of the art concerning entrepreneurial competences. The research identified a list of 98 entrepreneurial competences. Finally, the study proposes a meta-competence framework and clusters the 33 core entrepreneurial competences previously identified.

Originality/value

The proposed conceptual framework exploring meta-entrepreneurial competences offers an original contribution with implications for theory and practice. The research contributes to broadening the understanding of the entrepreneurial competences, helping on the creation, design, development and improvement of entrepreneurship educational initiatives, which are important to entrepreneurs' educators. The proposed framework contributes by providing relevant knowledge for the policy-makers' strategy formulation processes. As implications for the practice, the proposed framework can allow better assessment process for incubators and accelerators, besides more robust ventures considering learning trails based on meta-competences frameworks.
Realistic evaluation of the Flexmonitor, a team program to maintain and reflect on flexibility
Authors: van Gool Frank , Bierbooms Joyce , Janssen Richard , Bongers Inge
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Flexibility is necessary in a dynamic healthcare environment. However, balancing flexibility and consistency is difficult for healthcare teams, especially when working in threatening conditions. Methods are needed to help teams create, monitor and maintain flexibility.

Design/methodology/approach

This study evaluates a practice-based program –– the Flexmonitor – which aims to help teams develop and maintain flexibility. Here, realistic evaluation was used to refine the program and define building blocks for future programs.

Findings

The Flexmonitor can be used to monitor implicit criteria and differences in interpretation and beliefs among team members to promote flexibility. It also monitors team behavior and the effects of this behavior on self-defined indicators. Using the Flexmonitor, team members can discuss their beliefs and the definitions and criteria of flexibility. Strikingly, teams were not able to effectively self-manage their flexibility using the Flexmonitor.

Originality/value

This article contributes to our knowledge of self-managing teams, particularly the question of whether team members can take responsibility for team flexibility.
Direct seminal fluid identification by protease‐free high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Brown Catherine O. , Robbins Brianna L. , McKiernan Heather E. , Danielson Phillip B. , Legg Kevin M.
Published: December 2020

Serological screening of sexual assault evidence has traditionally focused on enzyme activity and immunochromatographic assays that provide only a presumptive indication of seminal fluid and have limited sensitivity relative to DNA testing. Seminal fluid detection based on protein mass spectrometry represents a “Next Gen” serological technology that overcomes the specificity and sensitivity limitations of traditional serological screening but requires time‐consuming sample preparation protocols. This paper describes a novel “peptidomics” approach to seminal fluid detection that eliminates the need for lengthy trypsin digestion. This streamlines sample preparation to a one‐step process followed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry to identify naturally occurring seminal fluid peptides and low‐molecular weight proteins. Multiple protein biomarkers of seminal fluid were consistently and confidently identified based on the multiplexed detection of numerous endogenous peptides. These included Semenogelin I and II (90% and 86% sequence coverage, respectively); Prostate Specific Antigen/p30 (29% sequence coverage); and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (24% sequence coverage). The performance of this streamlined peptidomics approach to seminal fluid identification in a forensic context was also assessed using simulated casework samples of the type typically collected as part of a sexual assault examination (e.g., oral and vaginal swabs stained with semen). The resulting data demonstrate that sub‐microliter quantities of seminal fluid on cotton swabs can be recovered and reliably detected. This supports the forensic applicability of a peptidomic assay for seminal fluid identification with same‐day sample preparation and analysis. Future development and streamlined multiplex peptidomic assays for additional biological stains can easily be envisaged.
Spatial‐Temporal Distribution, Geological Characteristics and Ore‐Formation Controlling Factors of Major Types of Rare Metal Mineral Deposits in China
Authors: JIANG Shaoyong , SU Huimin , XIONG Yiqu , LIU Tao , ZHU Kangyu , ZHANG Lu
Published: December 2020

Rare metals including Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Zirconium (Zr), Hafnium (Hf), Niobium (Nb), Tantalum (Ta), Tungsten (W) and Tin (Sn) are important critical mineral resources. In China, rare metal mineral deposits are spatially distributed mainly in the Altay and Southern Great Xingán Range regions in the Central Asian orogenic belt; in the Middle Qilian, South Qinling and East Qinling mountains regions in the Qilian–Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt; in the Western Sichuan and Bailongshan–Dahongliutan regions in the Kunlun–Songpan–Garze orogenic belt, and in the Northeastern Jiangxi, Northwestern Jiangxi, and Southern Hunan regions in South China. Major ore‐forming epochs include Indosinian (mostly 200–240 Ma, in particular in western China) and the Yanshanian (mostly 120–160 Ma, in particular in South China). In addition, Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China, with a complex formation history, hosts the largest REE and Nb deposits in China. There are six major rare metal mineral deposit types in China: Highly fractionated granite; Pegmatite; Alkaline granite; Carbonatite and alkaline rock; Volcanic; and Hydrothermal types. Two further types, namely the Leptynite type and Breccia pipe type, have recently been discovered in China, and are represented by the Yushishan Nb–Ta– (Zr–Hf–REE) and the Weilasituo Li–Rb–Sn–W–Zn–Pb deposits. Several most important controlling factors for rare metal mineral deposits are discussed, including geochemical behaviors and sources of the rare metals, highly evolved magmatic fractionation, and structural controls such as the metamorphic core complex setting, with a revised conceptual model for the latter.
Mineral Deposit Model of Cu–Fe–Au Skarn System in the Edongnan Region, Eastern China
Authors: XIE Guiqing , MAO Jingwen , ZHU Qiaoqiao , HAN Yingxiao , LI Wei , DUAN Chao , YE Hui
Published: December 2020

Cu and Fe skarns are the world's most abundant and largest skarn type deposits, especially in China, and Au‐rich skarn deposits have received much attention in the past two decades and yet there are few papers focused on schematic mineral deposit models of Cu–Fe–Au skarn systems. Three types of Au‐rich deposits are recognized in the Edongnan region, Middle–Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt: ∼140 Ma Cu–Au and Au–Cu skarn deposits and distal Au–Tl deposits. 137–148 Ma Cu–Fe and 130–133 Ma Fe skarn deposits are recognized in the Edongnan region. The Cu–Fe skarn deposits have a greater contribution of mantle components than the Fe skarn deposits, and the hydrothermal fluids responsible for formation of the Fe skarn deposits involved a greater contribution from evaporitic sedimentary rocks compared to Cu–Fe skarn deposits. The carbonate‐hosted Au–Tl deposits in the Edongnan region are interpreted as distal products of Cu–Au skarn mineralization. A new schematic mineral deposit model of the Cu–Fe–Au skarn system is proposed to illustrate the relationship between the Cu–Fe–Au skarn mineralization, the evaporitic sedimentary rocks, and distal Au–Tl deposits. This model has important implications for the exploration for carbonate–hosted Au–Tl deposits in the more distal parts of Cu–Au skarn systems, and Fe skarn deposits with the occurrence of gypsum‐bearing host sedimentary rocks in the MLYRB, and possibly elsewhere.
Geochemistry and Geochronology of the Causative Intrusion and a New Genetic Model Study of the Yaojialing Polymetallic Skarn Deposit, Tongling District, China
Authors: XIONG Yanyun , ZHOU Taofa , FAN Yu , CHEN Jing , LIU Jun
Published: December 2020

The Yaojialing deposit is the first large‐scale Zn–Au–Cu polymetallic skarn deposit located in the Shatanjiao ore field of the Tongling area in the Middle–Lower Yangtze belt. It has distinct metallogenic characteristics and is clearly different from the known skarn Cu–Au deposits in the Tongling area and the Middle–Lower Yangtze belt. Previous studies of the Yaojialing deposit have included rock geochemistry, alteration and mineralization characteristics, as well as metallogenesis and metallogenic models. However, there are still numerous problems concerning the coexistence of multiple elements, metallogenetic specialization of the magma and the metallogenic model. In this study, using the latest production exploration work on the deposit, we investigated the Yaojialing deposit including its geological characteristics, petrography, LA–ICP MS zircon U–Pb dating and whole rock geochemistry. Two kinds of magmatic rocks have been distinguished for the first time in the deposit, amongst which the granodiorite porphyry exposed on the surface of the mining area, which is the host rock of the veined lead–zinc ore body, is the wall‐rock intrusion; and the deep concealed quartz monzonite porphyry is the causative intrusion, the distribution of orebodies and wall‐rock alteration characteristics showing regular zoning around the quartz monzonite porphyry. The 206Pb/238U weighted average age of the granodiorite porphyry is 140.2 ± 1.0 Ma (MSWD = 0.85, n = 13) by LA–ICP MS zircon U–Pb dating, while the quartz monzonite porphyry is 138.9 ± 1.2 Ma (MSWD = 0.60, n = 16), which is consistent with petrographic evidence. The geochemical characteristics show that the quartz monzonite porphyry is a high‐K calc‐alkaline series peraluminous rock. The trace element characteristics show that the quartz monzonite porphyry is enriched in LILE such as K, Rb, Sr, Ba and LREE, yet depleted in HFSE such as Nb, Ta, P and Ti. The Yaojialing deposit shows the mineralization characteristics of proximal skarn and distal skarn, having the common characteristics of ‘multi‐storey’ and ‘Trinity’ metallogenic models.
Trace Elements in Sphalerite from the Dadongla Zn‐Pb Deposit, Western Hunan–Eastern Guizhou Zn‐Pb Metallogenic Belt, South China
Authors: HU Yusi , YE Lin , WEI Chen , LI Zhenli , HUANG Zhilong , WANG Haoyu
Published: December 2020

The western Hunan–eastern Guizhou Zn‐Pb metallogenic belt is one of the important Zn‐Pb mineralization regions in China. The Dadongla deposit, located in the northeast of Guizhou Province, is one of the typical Zn‐Pb deposits in the region and has estimated resources more than 12 million metric tons (Mt) with an average grade of 4.11 wt% Zn+Pb. Its orebodies are hosted in the lower Cambrian Aoxi Formation dolomite, occurring as bedded, para‐bedded in shape, and in conformity with the wall rock. The ore mineral assemblage is simple, dominated by sphalerite with minor pyrite and galena, and the gangue minerals are composed of dolomite, calcite with minor bitumen and barite. In view of the lack of geological and geochemical researches, the genesis of Zn‐Pb ore is still unclear. Laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS) spot and mapping analyses were used to obtain sphalerite trace element chemistry in the Dadongla Zn‐Pb deposit in Guizhou, China, aiming to constrain its ore genesis. The results show that sphalerite is characterized by the enrichment of Cd, Fe, Ge and Hg, corresponding with that of typical MVT deposits. Four zones were identified in the sphalerite crystal from Dadongla from the center to margin according to the color bands, in which the zone in the center, representing the early ore‐stage sphalerite, is characterized by enrichment of Cd relatively, while the zone forming at late ore‐stage is enriched in Ge and Hg relatively. The finding was controlled by differential leached metals content in ore‐forming fluid from its source rock. Notably, critical element Ge trends to be enriched at the late ore‐stage and follows a substitution of 2Zn2+↔ Ge4++□ (vacancy). Moreover, the calculated ore‐forming temperature ranges from 79.9°C to 177.6°C by the empirical formula, which is similar to that of typical Mississippi Valley‐type (MVT) deposits. Compared with the features of trace elements in sphalerite from different types of deposits, together with the geology, the Dadongla deposit belongs to an MVT Zn‐Pb deposit.
Food‐dependent NSAID‐induced hypersensitivity (FDNIH) reactions: Unraveling the clinical features and risk factors
Authors: Sánchez‐López Jaime , Araujo Giovanna , Cardona Victoria , García‐Moral Alba , Casas‐Saucedo Rocío , Guilarte Mar , Torres María José , Doña Inmaculada , Picado Cesar , Pascal Mariona , Muñoz‐Cano Rosa , Bartra Joan
Published: December 2020

Background

In up to 70%–80% of patients with a suspected non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug hypersensitivity (NSAIDH), challenge tests with the culprit drug yield negative results. On the other hand, there could be a NSAIDH overdiagnosis when anaphylaxis is the clinical manifestation. We hypothesize that some negative NSAID challenge tests and an overdiagnosis of NSAIDH occur in patients with food‐dependent NSAID‐induced hypersensitivity (FDNIH).

Methods

We studied 328 patients with a suspected acute NSAIDH. FDNIH was diagnosed in patients meeting all the following: (1) tolerance to the food ingested more temporally closed before the reaction, later the episode, (2) respiratory or cutaneous symptoms or anaphylaxis related to NSAID, (3) positive skin prick test to foods and/or specific IgE to food allergens (Pru p 3, Tri a 19, Pen a 1) involved in the reaction, and (4) negative oral provocation test to the culprit NSAID.

Results

199 patients (60%) were diagnosed with NSAIDH and 52 (16%) with FDNIH. Pru p 3 was involved in 44 cases (84.6%) and Tri a 19 in 6 cases (11%). FDNIH subjects were younger (p < .001), with a higher prevalence of rhinitis (p < .001) and previous food allergy (p < .001), together with a higher proportion of subjects sensitized to pollens (p < .001) and foods (p < .001). Using just four variables (Pru p 3 sensitization, Tri a 19 sensitization, anaphylaxis, and any NSAID different from pyrazolones), 95.3% of cases were correctly classified, with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 96%.

Conclusion

Evaluation of FDNIH should be included in the diagnostic workup of NSAIDH.
Review of Iberia–Eurasia plate‐boundary basins: Role of sedimentary burial and salt tectonics during rifting and continental breakup
Authors: Saspiturry Nicolas , Issautier Benoit , Razin Philippe , Baudin Thierry , Asti Riccardo , Lagabrielle Yves , Allanic Cécile , Serrano Olivier , Duretz Thibault
Published: December 2020

We document the role of sedimentary burial and salt tectonics in controlling the deformation style of continental crust during hyperextension. The Iberian‐European boundary records a complex history of Cretaceous continental extension, which has led to the development of so‐called smooth‐slope type basins. Based on the review of the available geological constraints (crustal‐balanced cross‐sections, sedimentary profile evolution, RSCM thermometer, low‐temperature thermochronology) and geophysical data (Bouguer anomaly, Moho depth, seismic reflection profiles and Vp/Vs velocity models) on the Tartas, Arzacq, Cameros, Parentis, Columbrets, Mauléon, Basque‐Cantabrian and Internal Metamorphic Zone basins, we shed light on the main characteristics of this type of basin. This synthesis indicates that crustal thinning was influenced by two decoupling horizons: the middle crust and Triassic prerift salt, initially located between the basement and prerift sedimentary cover. These two horizons remained active throughout basin formation and were responsible for depth‐dependent thinning of the crust and syn‐rift salt tectonics. We therefore identify several successive deformation phases involving (a) pure shear dominated thinning, (b) simple shear dominated thinning and (c) continental breakup. In the first phase, distributed deformation resulted in the development of a symmetric basin. Field observations indicate that the middle and lower crust were under dominantly ductile conditions at this stage. In the second phase, deformation was localised along a crustal detachment rooted between the crust and the mantle and connecting upwards with Triassic prerift salt. During continental breakup, basin shoulders recorded the occurrence of brittle deformation, whereas the hyperextended domain remained under predominantly ductile thinning. The formation of smooth‐slope‐type extensional basins was intrinsically linked to the combined deposition of thick syn‐rift and breakup sequences, and regional salt tectonics. They induced significant burial and allowed the continental crust and the prerift sequence to deform under high temperature conditions from the rifting to continental breakup stages.
Dysregulation of the orexin/hypocretin system is not limited to narcolepsy but has far‐reaching implications for neurological disorders
Authors: Berteotti Chiara , Liguori Claudio , Pace Marta
Published: December 2020

Neuropeptides orexin A and B (OX‐A/B, also called hypocretin 1 and 2) are released selectively by a population of neurons which projects widely into the entire central nervous system but is localized in a restricted area of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus, caudal to the paraventricular nucleus. The OX system prominently targets brain structures involved in the regulation of wake–sleep state switching, and also orchestrates multiple physiological functions. The degeneration and dysregulation of the OX system promotes narcoleptic phenotypes both in humans and animals. Hence, this review begins with the already proven involvement of OX in narcolepsy, but it mainly discusses the new pre‐clinical and clinical insights of the role of OX in three major neurological disorders characterized by sleep impairment which have been recently associated with OX dysfunction, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke and Prader Willi syndrome, and have been emerged over the past 10 years to be strongly associated with the OX dysfunction and should be more considered in the future. In the light of the impairment of the OX system in these neurological disorders, it is conceivable to speculate that the integrity of the OX system is necessary for a healthy functioning body.