bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sanitation and Hygienic Practices of Ready-to-Drink Milk Seller Based on Total of Coliform and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pisestyani Herwin , Ramadhani Nada Nursaffana , Sudarwanto Mirnawati , Lukman Denny Widaya , Wicaksono Ardilasunu
Published: April 2021

Dairy products are innovative to improve the economic value of milk. Poor attention to the importance of good hygiene and milk handling of milk can lead to microbial contamination of milk, such as coliform and Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed were to define the safety of ready-to-drink milk which sold around Dramaga and Cilibende IPB University campuses based on the total coliform and S. aureus and to determine the factors that affected it. Data were obtained by questionnaire from 12 sellers, furthermore milk samples were taken from 13 ready-to-drink milk’s sellers with 3 replication The data were presented descriptively and analyzed using chi-square test to determine the relationship between the practice of the sellers with total contamination of coliform and S. aureus. The data results were compared with SNI 01-7388-2009 concerning the Maximum Limits of Microbial Contamination in Food. The average of coliform contamination in Dramaga and Cilibende 5,92×103 ± 9,28×103 CFU/ml and 7,60×104 ± 1,25×105 CFU/ml, respectively. The average of S. aureus contamination in Dramaga and Cilibende 3,84×102 CFU/ml ± 5,36×102 and 8,44×104 ± 1,96×105 CFU/ml, respectively. Furthermore, several practices of ready-to-drink milk sellers had a significant relationship with coliform contamination (p<0.05), which were the table cleanliness (p=0.020), distance to the crowd (p=0.001), and hand washing (p=0.001). The practice of ready-to-drink milk sellers had a significant relationship with S. aureus contamination (p<0.05) which were the table cleanliness (p=0.020), and distance of the crowd (p=0.020). The high contamination by coliform and S. aureus is caused by the poor sanitation and personal hygiene of the milk seller during the serving and processing of the milk.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Identification in Native Chicken (Gallus domesticus) Organ with Helminthiasis
Authors: Haryo Albiruni , Ginting Ivana Aginta Br , Oktavianie Dyah Ayu
Published: April 2021

The native chickens collected from the Blimbing Malang Market were found with a state of lethargy and diarrhea. Native chickens were dissected to find out pathological abnormalities that occurred in the chicken's body by carrying out physical examinations and histopathological examinations. Based on the results of observations and examinations carried out both macroscopically and microscopically after necropsy chickens, the organs of chickens that have pathological abnormalities are the duodenum, jejunum and pulmo. The duodenum and jejunum had nematode infestations which showed villi erosion, hemorrhage, liquefactive necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Pulmo had hemorrhagic parabronchii, atelectasis of blood capillaries, cloudy swelling, and congestion of blood vessels. The visible abnormality of the small intestine organ damage leads to chicken disease to nematode worm infestation.
Effect of Probiotics Bacillus subtilis on Feed Efficiency and Egg Mass of Laying Hens
Authors: Pratama Hanif Sabekti , Lokapirnasari Widya Paramita , Soeharsono Soeharsono , Al-Arif Muhammad Anam , Harijani Nenny , Hidanah Sri
Published: April 2021

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of probiotics Bacillus subtilis on feed efficiency and egg mass of laying hens. This research was using 36 of 38 weeks-old laying hens Isa Brown strain. The concentration of probiotics B. subtilis was 1 x 109 CFU/ml, there were three kinds of treatments, P0 (without given probiotics B. subtilis), P1 (given 0.1 gram of probiotics B. subtilis per kg of feed), and P2 (given 0.2 gram of probiotic B. subtilis per kg of feed). The results of feed efficiency, the provision of probiotics can provide a significantly different values (p <0.05) between treatments either P0, P1, or P2. Provision probiotics P1 showed the highest value of feed efficiency (81.72 ± 5.28), while the lowest value at P0 was (64.06 ± 3.30). The results showed that there were significantly different in egg mass values (p <0.05) between treatments both P0, P1, and P2. Probiotic P2 shows the highest value (53.30 ± 2.13), while the lowest egg mass value of probiotics is as much as P1 (40.83 ± 4.73). Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the B. subtilis probiotics both at a dose of 0.1 gram / kg of feed and a dose of 0.2 gram / kg of feed can affect the growth performance of laying hens.
Antibacterial of Cinnamon Bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) Essential Oil Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Fadlilah Shinta Levea Ni'matul , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Suwanti Lucia Tri , Rahmahani Jola , Harijani Nenny , Ramandinianto Sancaka Chasyer , Khairullah Aswin Rafif
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to determine the in vitro antibacterial activities of essential oil from cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from raw milk. Essential oil from cinnamon bark obtained from the steam distillation method and essential oil was made in a series dilution with a concentration of 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8%. The antibacterial activities were tested using the disk diffusion method. Results showed from five isolates of MRSA, one isolate was sensitive of essential oil with a concentration 2% and all of the isolate was sensitive with a concentration 4% and 8%. The antibacterial activity showed by inhibition zones on  MRSA. The results suggest that the activity of the essential oils of cinnamon bark has an antibacterial effect on MRSA and it is developed as phytopharmaca.
Genetic Profile of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (rFSH) in Madrasin Crossbreed Cattle
Authors: Hidayah Aisyah Shaumanur Artha , Utomo Budi , Mustofa Imam
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to know about genetic profile of Folicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (rFSH) in Madrasin crossbreed between Madura breed and Limousin breed (Madrasin). The research are using whole blood samples from Madura breed, Limousin breed, and Madrasin crossbreed. Madura breed and Madrasin crossbreed sample were taken from Galis, Pamekasan, East Java and Limousin breed is taken from Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang, Bogor, West Java. Samples were used for genetic profile analysis such as DNA amplification with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method and DNA sequencing in Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga. The result showed that DNA fragment of rFSH is 211bp. In conclusion, this study can detect rFSH gene Madrasin crossbreed which is polymorpism.
Advantages of implementing mediamorphosis in supporting Using-ethnic programs at Radio Sritanjung FM Banyuwangi
Authors: Achmad Zainal Abidin , Juwito Juwito , Candrasari Yuli , Ashfaq Asia
Published: April 2021

Many private radio businesses have experienced a decline in advertising revenue during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, this did not happen to Radio Sritanjung FM Banyuwangi, which implemented mediamorphosis to support its broadcasts. This study aims to map the application of mediamorphosis in supporting the broadcast of cultural programs on Radio Sritanjung FM, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative virtual ethnographic method, which requires researchers to enter two research areas: the natural world and the virtual world. Researchers interacted freely with eight informants, such as Using-ethnic figures, Muslim leaders, radio station management, local advertisers, and loyal listeners through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to understand the ongoing mediamorphosis process in a virtual network. The research analysis using network society theory shows that the mediamorphosis process of Radio Sritanjung FM began in 2011 with Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The latest technology application is audio streaming to support, promote, and disseminate the Using’s ethnic culture to foreign countries. The application of mediamorphosis during the COVID-19 pandemic presents a harmonization between cultural programs and Islamic religious values, strengthening the local identity of the Using-ethnicity, and increases financial benefits.
Tourism village development study: Lesson learned from Flory Village, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Roziqin Ali , Syarafina Zharfa
Published: April 2021

Flory Village is one of the tourism villages based on ecotourism in Sleman Regency. The formation of Flory Village is inseparable from the role of tourism aware group (Pokdarwis). The existence of village tourism destinations has a positive impact on rural economic development and regional tourism. This study explores how Flory Village and the community manage tourism. This research used descriptive qualitative which were analyzed using the Miossec model through the components of transportation, facilities, attitudes towards tourists, and the role of stakeholders. The result is that there are two tourism village groups, namely Dewi Flory and Taruna Tani who have succeeded in developing their tourism potential based on their respective characteristics. Dewi Flory focuses on educational tourism, making salted eggs, nata de coco, vegetable gardening, and outbound tourism in three rides: water rides, dry rides, and mini forests. Furthermore, Taruna Tani focuses on agriculture, such as ornamental plants and fruits, and village culinary tours. The four lessons from the management of a tourism village by two Pokdarwis in Flory Village are consistent innovation, management commitment, utilization of local human resources, and collaboration with other parties.
Economic empowerment based on the strengthening of social capital in the implementation of village-owned enterprises
Authors: Khairani Leylia , Ramlan Ramlan , Pulungan Delyana Rahmawany
Published: April 2021

Village-owned enterprises or Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) is currently trying to realize Indonesia’s development from the periphery by strengthening villages' unitary framework state. However, BUMDes in North Sumatera have not utilized the potential of natural resources and the village’s potential. This study aims to reveal forms of economic empowerment based on strengthening social capital in implementing BUMDes. This study uses qualitative method research and the data were obtained through in-depth interviews to determine citizens’ involvement and participation in developing of BUMDes. This study found that community economic empowerment through the implementation of BUMDes in Mandailing Natal Districts reveals several elements of the role of social capital, which includes; 1) The involvement and participation of the community which is quite large. 2) Relationships between BUMDes managers, village leaders, and community members in the implementation of BUMDes are built based on the social system and cultural values of the Mandailing community. 3) Social norms and community beliefs refer to the social system and cultural values of the Mandailing community. Social capital that has been built through the social and cultural system strengthens trust in village-owned enterprises governance as an effort to empower the community’s economy in Mandailing Natal.
A diplomacia não tem rosto de mulher: o Itamaraty e a desigualdade de gênero
Authors: Almeida Santos do Amparo Gabrielly , Bertino Moreira Julia
Published: April 2021

Este artigo pretende elucidar como a imagem de diplomata foi construída e reproduzida no Itamaraty, desde a gênese dessa instituição no Brasil. A hipótese condutora da pesquisa é que tal imagem desenvolveu-se a partir da exclusão da mulher, devido ao ethos do MRE embasar-se no patrimonialismo, no elitismo e na desigualdade de gênero. Partindo de revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa documental, abordaremos os feminismos nas RI, as características do ethos itamaratiano e a questão da mulher no Itamaraty.
Como a Política e a Estratégia Nacionais de Defesa de 2016 Dialogam Entre Si?
Authors: Osller Malagutti Marcelo Antonio
Published: April 2021

Os assim-chamados Documentos de Defesa brasileiros permitem o aprofundamento do debate sobre o tema pela sociedade. Entretanto, mesmo em sua terceira geração, ainda apresentam erros e inconsistências na forma e na coerência, interna e entre si, chegando por vezes a serem contraditórios. Este artigo aponta situações presentes nos dois documentos de mais alto nível, a Política e a Estratégia, e propõe algumas melhorias simples que buscam ampliar a objetividade e a consistência dos referidos documentos.
Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Performance of Tail Rotor Investigation and Modification
Authors: Hao Ai-Peng , Jia Yu-Hong
Published: April 2021

With the increasingly stringent airworthiness standards, the noise generated during the rotorcraft flight is gradually attracting people’s attention. It widely operated helicopters at low altitudes because of their maneuverability. The way to reduce the noise caused by the complex airflow of the helicopter rotor system has progressively become a hot topic for researchers. Using a hybrid acoustic analysis method, this paper investigates the improvement of the noise and thrust of the helicopter’s tail rotor through the tail rotor structural parameters. For the basic model, the turbulence simulation is performed using an incompressible detached eddy simulation (DES) method, and the Lighthill acoustic analog equation is calculated using the finite element method (FEM). We verified the accuracy of the method through wind tunnel tests. We chose a series of structural parameters for sound simulation and fluid simulation calculations. The results indicate that the modified tail rotor noise reduced by 16.5 dBA and the total thrust increased by 19.9% from the prototype model. This work can enhance the duct tail rotor design to improve aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance.
Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Acute Scapholunate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Schmitz Michael W. , Morrell Nathan T. , Jacobs Robert C.
Published: April 2021

Scapholunate ligament (SLL) injury is difficult to recognize and a frequently missed diagnosis, leading to a decline in wrist mobility and functionality. Scapholunate injuries are the most frequent cause of carpal instability and often account for progression to abnormal joint mechanics, cartilage wear, and degenerative changes. Acute intervention is shown to improve outcomes, which is why accurate diagnosis of this condition is essential for successful treatment. In this review article, we present the mechanism of injury, degree of incidence, methods for accurately assessing this injury, and different treatment options used to manage an SLL injury.
The Power of ERDC : ERDC 2020–2030 Strategy
Authors: Pittman David , Buchanan J. , Quimby Deborah
Published: April 2021

The ERDC 2020–2030 Strategy outlines the origination of the organization, future direction, and the methods used to accomplish its research and development mission. The Strategy details the Ends (where we are going and why), the Ways (how we will get there), and the Means (the resources needed to get there) by which we will achieve the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) strategy. To realize its vision and maintain its world-class status, ERDC strives to be the go-to organization for the Warfighter and the nation to solve large complex problems in its mission space. To strengthen the outcomes from the Ends, Ways, and Means, ERDC has adopted the philosophy of the Understand-Predict-Shape (UPS) paradigm. The UPS paradigm maximizes the potential of ERDC’s current research programs and helps contemplate, develop, and define the organization’s future portfolio. UPS represents a holistic view of the operational environment: How to better Understand the Present, Predict the Future, and Shape the Outcome. The ERDC leadership team has looked toward the future and defined major strategic Science and Technology campaigns that offer challenges that ERDC can, and should, effectively address.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology, Hf isotope composition, and petrochemical characteristics of Paleocene granitoids in the western Gangdese Belt, Tibet
Authors: Lin J.Q. , Ding F. , Chen C.H. , Shen T.
Published: April 2021

—The research team studied the petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb age, and stable isotopic characteristics of the Rongguo Longba and Garongcuo granites of the Nuocang area to understand better the impact of Neo-Tethys ocean subduction and In-dia–Eurasia continental collision on Paleocene tectonomagmatic processes along the southern margin of the Gangdese Belt. The Rongguo Longba granite and Garongcuo granite porphyry formed at 61.86 and 62.17 Ma, respectively. The Nuocang granitoids are characterized by (1) high SiO2, NaO2, and Al2O3 contents and low FeOtot, MgO, and TiO2 contents; (2) LREE and LILE enrichment and HREE and HFSE (Nb, P, and Ti) depletion; and (3) obvious negative Eu anomalies. These features indicate that the Nuocang granites are of the high-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous granite types. Furthermore, their zircon Hf isotope characteristics suggest that the magma source region has an ancient crystalline basement. The basaltic andesitic crystal tuff is the product of garnet–peridotite partial melting and crust contamination from rising magma emplacement.
La ocupación del suelo en un municipio de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona: desafíos y oportunidades
Authors: Badia Perpinyà Anna , Cebollada Frontera Àngel , Vera Martín Ana , Gisbert Traveria Meritxell , Mendizábal Riera Enric , Tulla Pujol Antoni Francesc
Published: April 2021

La necesidad de dar respuesta a algunos de los desafíos generados por las dinámicas de los Cambios en los Usos y Cubiertas del Suelo (CUCS) en un territorio caracterizado por su estructura urbana dispersa es el origen de este trabajo. Los CUCS pueden ser causantes de espacios de riesgo y costes asociados a la dispersión urbana, entre los que destacan los incendios en la interfaz urbano-forestal (IUF) y la movilidad no sostenible de una población dispersa. El objetivo general de este artículo consiste en analizar las dinámicas territoriales y del paisaje que han originado espacios vulnerables en un municipio de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona, Matadepera, utilizando una metodología cuantitativa, para determinar la evolución de los CUCS a través de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y una cualitativa, para conocer la voz de la población residente a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas. La diagnosis permite proponer alternativas para moderar o incluso superar las consecuencias de estos desafíos; cada territorio tiene oportunidades de desarrollo local que permiten una relación más sostenible con el entorno. Entender las dinámicas de los CUCS permite encontrar oportunidades y alternativas de mejora en la gestión y la planificación territorial.
Pemanfaatan Google Custom Search Untuk Pencarian Satu Pintu Koleksi Perpustakaan BPPT
Authors: Pramesti Putri Ayu
Published: April 2021

The Library of Technology Assessment and Application has several collection repositories that are stored on different applications and servers. In searching for collections that are needed, users must search for in each application. There is not yet a single way to search all of this content at once, therefore required a single way searching through all repositories so that users can easily find the information needed. In this study, the Google Custom Search   plugin was used to build a one-door search portal, so users can search collections in multiple repositories through single way. The results showed that this plugin can be used to build a one-door search portal. The use of the Google Custom Search   plugin is easy and simple. The results of the search showed collections from each repository according to the keywords entered.
Peran Pustakawan Sebagai Teman Karib (Tempat Efektif Menemukan Aneka Referensi Ilmiah dan Buku) dalam Pembelajaran
Authors: Qibthiyyah Mariatul
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kewenangan peran pustakawan ULM sebagai TEMAN KARIB (Tempat Efektif Menemukan ANeKA Referensi, Ilmu, dan Buku) dalam belajar. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah metode campuran dengan prosedur Triangulasi. Desain: Validasi Model Data Kuantitatif. Dalam model ini, peneliti akan mengumpulkan data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif, kemudian menganalisis masing-masing data tersebut. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah melakukan analisis lebih lanjut dengan memvalidasi hasil analisis kuantitatif menggunakan hasil kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa ULM. Sampel untuk melihat peran pustakawan dalam pembelajaran yaitu 500 siswa.Teknik data yang validasi instrumen oleh validator, pengisian kuesioner, wawancara terbuka untuk memperdalam gambaran yang memiliki kewenangan peran pustakawan ULM sebagai TEMAN KARIB (Tempat Efektif Menemukan ANeKA Referensi, Ilmu, dan Buku) dalam belajar. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar siswa yaitu 40,466% siswa setuju bahwa pustakawan dapat berperan sebagai TEMAN KARIB (Tempat Efektif Menemukan ANeKA Referensi, Ilmu, dan Buku) dalam pembelajaran. 27,84% siswa sangat setuju. Sedangkan sebagian kecil siswa masing-masing sebesar 7,11% dan 1,34% menyatakan tidak setuju dan tidak setuju dengan pernyataan tersebut.
Dokter Pustaka Inovasi Layanan Masa Pademi Covid-19 Di Perpustakaan Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
Authors: Sukirno Sukirno
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed everything a lot, as well as providing services. During the Covid-19 pandemic, all face-to-face services were eliminated. During a pandemic, services must continue and must not reduce the quality of service. Staff in agencies, both public and private, do various ways to keep providing good service. Creativity and innovation are highly demanded in providing services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Library of the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada to provide services to users by innovating service facilities, namely Doctor of Library. Doctor of Library online service to the academic community and alumi for requests for scientific information. Doctor Pustaka facilities are installed on the library website address http://libmed.ugm.ac.id. Hopefully, with the Doctorof Libary, requests for scientific information on the Covid-19 pandemic will still be well served.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Improves Chronic Alcohol Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats by Interfering with the Neuro-inflammatory, Cell Death and Oxido-nitrosative Stress Pathways
Authors: Uniyal Ankit , Kotiyal Akhilesh , Gadepalli Anagha , Ummadisetty Obulapathi , Tiwari Vinod
Published: April 2021

Alcohol consumption for a longer period of time is linked with neuronal damage and an increase in inflammatory signaling resulting in cell death and dementia. Natural compounds are the focus of research due to their high efficacy and good safety profile. Here we have investigated the effect of chronic epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) administration against the alcohol-induced cognitive deficit rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to the ethanol (10 g/kg; oral gavage) for ten weeks and treated with EGCG (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for the same duration. Ethanol exposure led to the impaired spatial memory and learning in rats assessed using the Morris water maze and elevated plus-maze test. Further, we assessed the role of EGCG in mitigating the oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory and cell death signaling associated markers. Co-administration with EGCG significantly prevented all the behavioral, biochemical and molecular alterations in the different brain regions of ethanol-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner. EGCG suppressed the acetylcholinesterase activity, increased oxidative–nitrosative stress, cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta), NF-kappa β and caspase-3 levels in both the cortex and hippocampus of ethanol-treated rats. Our preliminary study demonstrated that EGCG improves the oxido-nitrosative stress, inflammation, and cell death signaling associated with ethanol-induced cognitive dysfunction. This suggests the potential role of EGCG in mitigating the cognitive deficits associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
Development of white-grain pre-harvest sprouting tolerant and pyramided protein-rich leaf rust resistant wheats using molecular breeding
Authors: Gautam Tinku , Kumar Kuldeep , Agarwal Priyanka , Tyagi Sandhya , Jaiswal Vandana , Gahlaut Vijay , Kumar Sachin , Prasad Pramod , Chhuneja Parveen , Balyan Harindra Singh , Gupta Pushpendra Kumar
Published: April 2021

The present study was undertaken for developing pre-harvest sprouting tolerant (PHST) wheat genotypes using marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). A major QTL for PHST was introgressed into an elite Indian wheat cv. Lok1 that is PHS susceptible. These PHST lines were also pyramided with one gene each for high grain protein content (Gpc-B1) and leaf rust resistance (Lr24). For introgression of PHST QTL, initially Lok1 was separately crossed with each of the two donors (PHS tolerant white-grained AUS1408 and CN19055). Backcrossing in each generation was followed by foreground and background selections using SSR markers. In advanced lines, KASP assay was also carried out for the candidate gene TaMKK3-A underlying the PHST QTL. The MAS derived lines homozygous for PHST QTL were screened for PHS using simulated rain chambers resulting in the selection of 10 PHST lines. For pyramiding of three QTL/genes (PHST QTL, Gpc-B1, and Lr24), MABB derived BC4F2 plants (from the cross Lok1/CN19055) were crossed with a MAS derived BC2F5 line [Lok1 (Gpc-B1 + Lr24)] developed earlier by us in the same background of Lok1. After foreground MAS followed by PHS screening, four advanced lines carrying all the three QTL/genes in homozygous condition were selected. These lines exhibited high level of PHST (PHS score 2–3) associated with significant improvement in GPC with no yield penalty and resistance against leaf rust under artificial epiphytotic conditions.
Groundwater-induced Seasonal Slumps in Gullies of the Bação Complex, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Hernandez Yesser Marin Rodriguez , BACELLAR Luis de Almeida Prado , Junior Jefferson Alves Araujo
Published: April 2021

Areas with a high density of large-scale gullies are frequent in regions of the crystalline basement of southeastern Brazil, such as the Bação Complex. These gullies pose a high risk for people and properties, and cause loss of agricultural land, silting up and flow reduction of waterways, among other impacts. Gullies originating as erosion by channelized surface runoff can be controlled relatively easily by ordinary containment practices. However, when erosive channels reach the groundwater, erosive processes conditioned by subsurface flows start acting, causing mass movements and their control becomes more difficult. Continuous field monitoring shows that these mass movements occur not only in the rainy season, as expected, but also in the dry season. To understand the dynamics of mass movement in the evolution of these features, a representative unstable gully in the Bação Complex was selected. As it is common in this region, this gully presents very steep and unstable slopes, especially due to slumps. Numerical simulations of saturated and unsaturated flow have shown that, in this region of high seasonality, the aquifer is recharged in two stages. Safety factor analysis by limit-equilibrium method indicates that slumps occur during the rainy season, when the aquifer at the toe of the slope is recharged, and in the dry season, when the upper slope is recharged after a few months' lags due to thicker unsaturated zone having slower water flow. Finally, a low-cost stabilization method was proposed involving the construction of alternative drains and retention walls.
Fe doped TiO2 catalyst synthesis using ultrasound and subsequent application for photocatalytic oxidation
Authors: Mahendran Valarmathi , Gogate Parag Ratnakar
Published: April 2021

Photocatalytic oxidation has shown promise as alternative technique to conventional techniques though lack of efficient catalyst is a major problem in commercial application. In the current work, a transition metal, Fe (iron), is doped into the TiO2 catalyst by coprecipitation method assisted by ultrasound with an objective to achieve reduced particle size and better characteristics. Optimization study for the parameters associated with the synthesis was performed resulting in the best conditions of ultrasonic power (120 W), irradiation time (30 min), temperature (35ºC) and Fe doping (0.4 mol%). Using characterization techniques of Particle size analysis, XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis bandgap analysis and BET analysis, the comparison of the catalysts obtained using ultrasound assisted and conventional approach was performed. The particle size obtained by ultrasound assisted process (US catalyst) was 348 nm which is much lesser than size of catalyst prepared conventionally (CV catalyst) as 1069 nm. XRD and FTIR analysis demonstrated the superiority of the US catalyst over the CV catalyst. The UV-Vis bandgap analysis established the reduction of bandgap from 3.2 eV to 2.8 eV due to doping of Fe. BET analysis showed the improvement of surface area from 19.413 m2/g to 40.603 m2/g due to the use of ultrasound. The photocatalytic oxidation of Acid Scarlet 3R dye was performed, where US catalyst showed 48.2% degradation, higher than the CV catalyst where degradation was 34%. Overall the work has shown the methodology to obtain efficient catalyst based on doping of Fe and the effect of ultrasound also demonstrating better photocatalytic activity.
Sulfur, lead, and mercury in South Africa coals: existential form of the elements, isotope, and emissions from the coal fired-power plants
Authors: Tekleab Teklit Zerizghi , Guo Qingjun , Zhao Changqiu , Okoli Chukwunonso Peter
Published: April 2021

Coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) are the dominant source of electricity in South Africa due to natural abundance of coal in the country. However, emission of SO2, Pb, and Hg has raised serious environmental and public health concerns. Hence, to reduce emissions and utilize coal efficiently, estimating emission trend, understanding the forms of elemental occurrence in coals, and affinities to minerals, organic matter, and pyrite, are essential. Therefore, this paper aimed to assess the forms of elemental occurrence of sulfur, and Pb and Hg affinities to ash and sulfur, in the coals via statistical correlation and their isotopic compositions. This study also estimated SO2, Pb, and Hg emissions from 1971 to 2018 from the CFPPs on levels of activity and emission factors. Based on the results, South Africa coals mostly comprise equivalent fractions of organic and pyritic sulfur. The Pb were correlated with ash (R2 = 0.393), which is an indication of the presence of bound clay mineral. However, the highest Pb208/Pb206 and the lowest Pb208/Pb206 in South Africa coals which contain high inertinite (organic matter) and low sulfur, reveal organically associated Pb. Similarly, clay minerals associated Hg appeared based on its relationship with ash (R2 = 0.450), and the remaining could be an organic matter related. As an organic matter associated element least cleanability and readily oxidizing nature, burning South Africa coals containing a substantial quantity of organic sulfur and organically bound Pb and Hg without washing will obviously result to higher emissions. The estimated for SO2, Pb, and Hg emissions were 355.84 Gg, 168.91 tons, and 4.84 tons in 1971, and increased to 1468.13 Gg, 696.89 tons, and 19.95 tons in 2018, respectively. The values approximately increased by a factor of 4.
Heterogeneous environmental regulation and industrial structure transformation and upgrading: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Lianghu , Wang Zhao , Ma Yatian
Published: April 2021

There are obvious differences between different types of environmental regulations, which are manifested in different environmental protection tendencies and goals, and there are also significant differences in policy implementation. Therefore, it is an urgent empirical problem to quantitatively evaluate the impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. Based on this, this paper empirically tests the impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure on the basis of measuring the level of industrial structure transformation and upgrading. The results show that the transformation and upgrading level of China's industrial structure increased year by year from 2000 to 2017. The three types of environmental regulatory measures have effectively promoted the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure, and the market incentive environmental regulation (MER) has a significantly higher role in the advancement of the industrial structure than the command-controlled environmental regulation (CER) and the voluntary public participation environmental regulation (VER). The three types of environmental regulations have gradually highlighted the role of environmental regulations in promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure with the improvement of the level of regional economic development. In the mechanism test, it is found that technological innovation has partial mediating effect in the process of CER affecting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, MER and public VER have complete mediating effect, while FDI has only partial mediating effect in the process of three types of environmental regulation affecting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure.
Study on the Mechanism of the Effect of Temperature on the Decomposition Reaction of SFn (n=1-6) under Discharge Conditions
Authors: Yang Minghao , Yan Jing , Xu Mengyuan , Geng Yingsan , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Jianhua
Published: April 2021

The study on the mechanism of the effect of temperature on the decomposition reaction of SFn (n = 1–6) under discharge conditions is very important in studying the potential fault of SF6 high voltage switch equipment and perfecting the chemical kinetic model of SFn discharge. In this paper, structural optimizations, vibrational frequency calculations, and zero-point energy calculations for the reactants and products were performed at the B3LYP/6-311 + + G(d,p) theory level. The single-point energies of all species were collected at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-PVTZ level. The electric and thermal decomposition mechanism of SFn under discharge conditions of 298K–10000K were studied, respectively. The conclusion drawn was that in the temperature range of 298–10000K, the thermal decomposition homopolytic reaction △G began to decline from 200 kJ/mol, while the △G of the other two heterogenous reactions began to decrease from 1000 kJ/mol and 2000 kJ/mol, showing a downward trend of an almost similar slope. The electrolysis of SFn is related to the electron energy. When the electron energy is low, SFn + e→SFn− series reactions occur, and △G of R12, R20, R28, R36, R44 increases with temperature rise, while △G of R4 decreases with temperature. When the electron energy is high, one of SFn−→SFn−1− + F、SFn−→SFn−1 + F− and SFn−→SFn−1 + F + e will occur, and the reactions that occur at various temperature ranges as the temperature rises vary. When the second electron hits the SFn−, the SFn− + e→SFn−1− + F reaction will occur. The △G of this reaction slowly decreases with an increase in temperature. This study in clearer terms explains the decomposition process and mechanism of SFn at different temperatures.
Fitting health care to people: understanding and adapting to the epidemiology and health literacy of people affected by viral hepatitis from culturally and linguistically diverse migrant backgrounds
Authors: Taye Belaynew W , Valery Patricia C , Liddle Burglind , Woodward Aidan J , Sackey Donata , Williams Suzanne , Chang Gary KF , Clark Paul J
Published: April 2021

Background This study explored the epidemiology and health literacy of people affected by viral hepatitis (VH) from migrant culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds attending a community-based general practitioner and specialty hepatology shared-care (HEPREACH) clinic in Brisbane, Australia.Methods Self-reported data on health literacy and clinical information from adult patients (n=66) of CALD background recruited from the liver clinic were analyzed. Health literacy was assessed using a 5-question, 12-point scale. Variance weighted multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with knowledge about VH.Results About three-quarters of patients (74.2%) were diagnosed with hepatitis B. The median knowledge score was 7.8 (interquartile range(IQR) 6‒9). One in five patients did not understand the infective nature of VH, 30.3% did not understand mother-to-child transmission risk, and 30%‒40% of patients thought activities such as kissing, sharing food or mosquito bites could spread VH. Only 6% of patients understood the risk of liver cancer and the need for regular screening. Higher educational level (secondary, β=4.8, p<0.0001 or tertiary, β=8.1, p<0.0001 vs. primary) was associated with better knowledge, and transition through a refugee camp (vs. not, β= -1.2, p=0.028) and country of diagnosis (overseas vs. Australia, β=-1.9, p=0.016) were associated with poorer knowledge. Discussion Country of origin, refugee status and opportunities for tertiary education impact patients’ understanding of VH. Ensuring delivery of culturally appropriate care and education is critical to improve knowledge, reduce misconceptions to improve care and outcomes for viral hepatitis in CALD migrant communities.
Modelling the Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Effects of Global Oil Prices on Local Food Prices: A MENA Region Application
Authors: Houda Hadj Cherif , Chen Zhenling , Ni Guohua
Published: April 2021

This paper explores the complex nexus between the global oil prices and the food prices of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the period 2000–2020. Both linear and nonlinear models of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach are adapted into panel data form to investigate the symmetrical and asymmetrical influence of oil prices on food prices. The key results are summarized: i) The effect of oil prices on food prices is significantly positive including both oil-exporting and oil-importing nations are verified in the long-term. The positive impact on oil-exporters—due to higher oil revenues—is greater than importing nations, leading to an increased demand for food. Additionally, the effect on oil-exporters is negative and significant in the short-term but not significant for importers. ii) The panel analysis for the MENA sample confirms the presence of negative short-term asymmetric behaviour, while in the long-term, the asymmetric effect is positive, indicating that food prices increase regardless of fluctuations in oil prices. iii) Wald test results support asymmetric co-integration for the whole sample of the MENA due to the heterogeneous response within the oil-importing and exporting samples. Specifically, the non-linear ARDL test results affirm the absence of an asymmetric nexus among oil and food prices for oil-exporting group (including Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates) and Tunisia within the oil-importing group. Although there are differences in the direction and degree, the food prices of other countries are asymmetric to the oil price. This study provides recommendations that are useful to MENA countries to establish a stable mechanism for oil and food prices to ensure food security in the region.
Event-Based Secure Consensus of Multiple AUVs Under DoS Attacks
Authors: Wen Lizuo , Yu Shuanghe , Zhao Ying , Yan Yan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the event-based triggering method is adopted to investigate the secure consensus issue of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. DoS attack is a form of time-sequence-based cyber attack, which can destroy the normal service of the control target or network. First, based on an event-triggered mechanism, a novel secure control protocol is proposed. Second, the upper bounds of attack duration and attack frequency are given to ensure that multiple AUVs under DoS attacks can reach consensus. Third, an event-triggered mechanism with exponential variables is developed to avoid the continuous update of the controller, thereby reducing the burdens of communication and calculation. Zeno behavior can be strictly ruled out for each AUV under this triggering mechanism. Finally, the simulation results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Complex Dynamical Behaviors in a Bertrand Game with Service Factor and Differentiated Products
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Hui
Published: April 2021

In this paper, taking the factor of service level provided by the manufacturers into consideration, a static duopolistic Bertrand game with service factor is studied first, in which these two oligarchs produce differentiated products. A dynamic game model of duopoly Bertrand with boundedly rational is established with using the gradient mechanism. By using numerical simulation tools, there are two paths for the system to drop into chaos, that is, flip bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. The symmetric structures can be found from two-parameter bifurcation diagrams. Saddle-homoclinic bifurcation also can be observed from the evolution process of phase portraits. In addition, the emergence of intermittent chaos implies that the established system has the capability of self-regulating, where PM-I intermittency, PM-III intermittency and crisis-induced intermittency have been studied. With the help of the critical curves, the qualitative changes on the basin of attraction are investigated. At last, it can be found that the values of product differentiation degree and service spillover effect are not the bigger the better. Keeping these two parameters in a relatively small range will be conducive to the long-term stable operation of the two manufacturers.
Molecular Evidence for the Homologous Strains of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) Genotype I Infecting the Inland Freshwater Cultured Asian Sea Bass (Lates Calcarifer) in Thailand
Authors: Kerddee Pattarawit , Dinh‐Hung Nguyen , Dong Ha Thanh , Hirono Ikuo , Soontara Chayanit , Areechon Nontawith , Srisapo Prapansak , Kayansamruaj Pattanapon
Published: April 2021

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the fish pathogenic virus belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus of the family Iridoviridae. In 2018, disease occurrences (40–50% cumulative mortality) associated with ISKNV infection have been reported in grown-out Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in the inland freshwater system in Thailand. Clinical samples were collected from seven distinct farms located in the eastern and central regions of Thailand. The moribund fish showed various abnormal signs including lethargy, pale gill, darkened body, and skin hemorrhage, while the basophilic hypertrophied cell in gill, liver, and kidney tissue was observed microscopically. ISKNV infection was confirmed in 6 out of 7 farms using virus-specific semi-nested PCR. MCP and ATPase genes showed 100% identity among virus isolates which also classified the virus into ISKNV genotype I clade. Koch’s postulates were later confirmed by challenge assay and the mortality of the experimentally infected fish at 21 days post-challenge was 50–90% depending on the challenge dose. The complete genome of two ISKNV isolates, namely KU1 and KU2, was recovered directly from the infected specimens using the shotgun metagenomics approach. The genome length of ISKNV KU1 and KU2 were 111,487 and 111,610 bp, respectively. In comparison to the closely related ISKNV strains, the ISKNV KU1 and KU2 harbored nine unique genes, including caspase recruitment domain-containing protein potentially involved in apoptosis inhibition. Collectively, this study indicated the homologous ISKNV strains affecting the inland cultured Asian sea bass which emphasized that the ISKNV genotype I should be prioritized for future vaccine research.
A Provably Secure ID-Based Signcryption Protocol for Secure and Authentic Energy Efficient Communication
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Gupta Pratik , Dharminder Dharminder
Published: April 2021

Singcryption was first proposed by Yuliang Zheng [1] in 1997, based on the construction of a shortened ElGamal-based signature scheme in parallel to authenticated encryption in a symmetric environment. Signcryption is a cryptographic primitive that enables the conventional two-step method of secure and authenticated message transmission or storage (sign-then-encrypt or encrypt-then-sign) to be done in a single step at a much lower computational cost than the traditional two-step approach. This article concentrates on designing a provably secure identity-based signcryption (IBSC) scheme. The user performs pairing-free computation during encryption in the proposed scheme, making it user-side effective. In addition, the IBSC structure is shown to be secure when dealing with modified bilinear Diffie-Hellman inversion (MBDHI) and modified bilinear strong Diffie-Hellman (MBSDH) problems. The proposed framework supports efficient communication, protection against chosen cipher attack, and existential unforgeability against chosen message attack, according to the performance review of IBSC with related schemes.
PolyI:C Suppresses TGF-β1-Induced Akt Phosphorylation and Reduces the Motility of A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahiro , Yoshimura Teizo , Ohara Toshiaki , Fujisawa Masayoshi , Tong Gao , Matsukawa Akihiro
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is shown to play a critical role in cancer progression by inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C), a synthetic agonist for toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, has been successfully used to treat some cancer patients as a vaccine adjuvant, but its direct action on the proliferation or migration of cancer cells, such as lung cancer cells, undergoing EMT remains unknown. Methods and results: By an in vitro cell proliferation assay, polyI:C showed no effect on the growth of TGF-β1-treated A549 human lung cancer cells at the concentration range up to 10 mg/ml; however, it markedly suppressed the motility in a cell scratch and a cell invasion assay. By Western blotting, polyI:C dramatically decreased TGF-β1-induced Ak strain transforming (Akt) phosphorylation and increased phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) expression without affecting the Son of mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) 3 phosphorylation or the expression level of E-cadherin, N-cadherin or Snail, indicating that polyI:C suppressed cell motility independently of the ‘cadherin switching’. The Akt inhibitor perifosine inhibited TGF-β1-induced cell invasion, and the PTEN-specific inhibitor VO-OHpic appeared to reverse the inhibitory effect of polyI:C. Conclusion: Our results indicate that polyI:C has the capacity to suppress the motility of TGF-β1-treated A549 cells by targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase /Akt pathway partly via PTEN and suggest that polyI:C may be used to prevent or reduce the metastasis of lung cancer cells.