bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Por qué Quédate?
Authors: Morris Julia
Published: June 2024

Across the global south, regimes of labour and mobility control are reforming that attempt to manage the northern movement of people. By combining financing development projects with explicit forms of border enforcement (including border personnel training and new securitization technologies), western governments and southern elites attempt to encourage publics (invariably poorer people of colour) to stay in local regions, rather than seek better livelihoods elsewhere. By reference to the USAID funded Centros Quédate or Stay Here Centres in Guatemala, this paper explores the merging of development and migration governance regimes through the concept of “frontiering through development.” The paper argues that initiatives such as these fail to consider the root causes of colonialism and imperialism that have long led people to migrate in the first place. Moreover, migration is cast as something problematic under discourses of populist economic nationalist sentiment, rather than beneficial to migrants, country-of-origin and destination regions. However, rather than passive recipients of patronising development, I show how participants rework the Quédate programme to fit their own onward goals. Paternalist development paradigms should take into account how crucial and embedded mobile livelihoods are in present-day realities.
“Economic nationalisms” and the immediacy of war
Authors: Yüksel Ayşe Seda
Published: June 2024

This article examines the current economic nationalisms in Turkey through the lens of the effects of the Syrian war. The empirical focus of my discussion is Gaziantep, an export city bordering Syria. The city has been radically shaped not only by the migration waves from Syria in the wake of the Syrian war but also by the broader re/structuring effects of the Iraq war and a low-intensity war in the last 30 years. In Turkey, wars have always been essential reference points for local and national economic agents to build different nation-framed economic discourses. In the last decade, we observe a new form of economic nationalism that is expansionist and outward-oriented – contrary to discussions associating the term with inward-oriented economic policies. Turkey’s assumed role in the reconstitution of the Syrian economy and its aspired position in the Middle East as a political, economic, and military center constitutes a crucial symbolic horizon in this nationalist economic discourse.
Elevated glycolytic metabolism of monocytes limits the generation of HIF-1α-driven migratory dendritic cells in tuberculosis
Authors: Maio Mariano , Barros Joaquina , Joly Marine , Vahlas Zoi , Marín Franco José Luis , Genoula Melanie , Monard Sarah , Vecchione María Belén , Fuentes Federico , Polo Virginia Gonzalez , Quiroga María Florencia , Vermeulen Mónica , Manh Thien-Phong Vu , Argüello Rafael J , Inwentarz Sandra , Musella Rosa , Ciallella Lorena , Montaner Pablo González , Palmero Domingo , Villarino Geanncarlo Lugo , Sasiain María del Carmen , Neyrolles Olivier , Verollet Christel , Balboa Luciana
Published: June 2024

During tuberculosis, migration of dendritic cells (DCs) from the site of infection to the draining lymph nodes is known to be impaired, hindering the rapid development of protective T-cell mediated immunity. However, the mechanisms involved in the delayed migration of DCs during tuberculosis (TB) are still poorly defined. Here, we found that infection of DCs with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) triggers HIF-1α-mediated aerobic glycolysis in a TLR2-dependent manner, and that this metabolic profile is essential for DC migration. In particular, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor oxamate and the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 abrogated Mtb-induced DC migration
in vitro
to the lymphoid tissue-specific chemokine CCL21, and
in vivo
to lymph nodes in mice. Strikingly, we found that although monocytes from TB patients are inherently biased toward glycolysis metabolism, they differentiate into poorly glycolytic and poorly migratory DCs, compared with healthy subjects. Taken together, these data suggest that because of their preexisting glycolytic state, circulating monocytes from TB patients are refractory to differentiation into migratory DCs, which may explain the delayed migration of these cells during the disease and opens avenues for host-directed therapies for TB.
Atypical Biological Motion Perception in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Local Motion and Global Configuration Processing
Authors: Tian Junbin , Yang Fang , Wang Ying , Wang Li , Wang Ning , Jiang Yi , Yang Li
Published: June 2024

Perceiving biological motion (BM) is crucial for human survival and social interaction. Many studies have reported impaired BM perception in autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by deficits in social interaction. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit similar difficulties in social interaction. However, few studies have investigated BM perception in children with ADHD. Here, we compared differences in the ability to process local kinematic and global configurational cues, two fundamental abilities of BM perception, between typically developing and ADHD children. We further investigated the relationship between BM perception and social interaction skills measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and examined the contributions of latent factors (e.g., sex, age, attention, and intelligence) to BM perception. The results revealed that children with ADHD exhibited atypical BM perception. Local and global BM processing showed distinct features. Local BM processing ability was related to social interaction skills, whereas global BM processing ability significantly improved with age. Critically, general BM perception (i.e., both local and global BM processing) may be affected by sustained attentional ability in children with ADHD. This relationship was primarily mediated by reasoning intelligence. These findings elucidate atypical BM perception in ADHD and the latent factors related to BM perception. Moreover, this study provides new evidence that BM perception is a hallmark of social cognition and advances our understanding of the potential roles of local and global processing in BM perception and social cognitive disorders.
Chemoproteomics validates selective targeting of Plasmodium M1 alanyl aminopeptidase as an antimalarial strategy
Authors: Creek Darren , Giannangelo Carlo , Challis Matthew , Siddiqui Ghizal , Edgar Rebecca , Malcolm Tess , Webb Chaille , Drinkwater Nyssa , Vinh Natalie , MacRaild Christopher , Counihan Natalie , Duffy Sandra , Wittlin Sergio , Devine Shane , Avery Vicky , de Koning-Ward Tania , Scammells Peter , McGowan Sheena
Published: June 2024

New antimalarial drug candidates that act via novel mechanisms are urgently needed to combat malaria drug resistance. Here, we describe the multi-omic chemical validation of
Plasmodium
M1 alanyl metalloaminopeptidase as an attractive drug target using the selective inhibitor, MIPS2673. MIPS2673 demonstrated potent inhibition of recombinant
Plasmodium
falciparum (
Pf
A-M1) and Plasmodium vivax (
Pv
A-M1) M1 metalloaminopeptidases, with selectivity over other
Plasmodium
and human aminopeptidases, and displayed excellent
in vitro
antimalarial activity with no significant host cytotoxicity. Orthogonal label-free chemoproteomic methods based on thermal stability and limited proteolysis of whole parasite lysates revealed that MIPS2673 solely targets
Pf
A-M1 in parasites, with limited proteolysis also enabling estimation of the binding site on
Pf
A-M1 to within ~5 Å of that determined by X-ray crystallography. Finally, functional investigation by untargeted metabolomics demonstrated that MIPS2673 inhibits the key role of
Pf
A-M1 in haemoglobin digestion. Combined, our unbiased multi-omic target deconvolution methods confirmed the on-target activity of MIPS2673, and validated selective inhibition of M1 alanyl metalloaminopeptidase as a promising antimalarial strategy.
Spatiotemporal recruitment of the ubiquitin-specific protease USP8 directs endosome maturation
Authors: Miao Yue , Du Yongtao , Wang Baolei , Liang Jingjing , Liang Yu , Dang Song , Liu Jiahao , Li Dong , He Kangmin , Ding Mei
Published: June 2024

The spatiotemporal transition of small GTPase Rab5 to Rab7 is crucial for early-to-late endosome maturation, yet the precise mechanism governing Rab5-to-Rab7 switching remains elusive. USP8, a ubiquitin-specific protease, plays a prominent role in the endosomal sorting of a wide range of transmembrane receptors and is a promising target in cancer therapy. Here, we identified that USP8 is recruited to Rab5-positive carriers by Rabex5, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab5. The recruitment of USP8 dissociates Rabex5 from early endosomes (EEs) and meanwhile promotes the recruitment of the Rab7 GEF SAND-1/Mon1. In USP8-deficient cells, the level of active Rab5 is increased, while the Rab7 signal is decreased. As a result, enlarged EEs with abundant intraluminal vesicles accumulate and digestive lysosomes are rudimentary. Together, our results reveal an important and unexpected role of a deubiquitinating enzyme in endosome maturation.
A common alteration in effort-based decision-making in apathy, anhedonia, and late circadian rhythm
Authors: Mehrhof Sara Z. , Nord Camilla L.
Published: June 2024

Motivational deficits are common in several brain disorders, and motivational syndromes like apathy and anhedonia predict worse outcomes. Disrupted effort-based decision-making may represent a neurobiological underpinning of motivational deficits, shared across neuropsychiatric disorders. We measured effort-based decision-making in 994 participants using a gamified online task, combined with computational modelling, and validated offline for test-retest reliability. In two pre-registered studies, we first replicated studies linking impaired effort-based decision-making to neuropsychiatric syndromes, taking both a transdiagnostic and a diagnostic-criteria approach. Next, testing participants with
early
and
late
circadian rhythms in the morning and evening, we find circadian rhythm interacts with time-of-testing to produce parallel effects on effort-based decision-making. Circadian rhythm may be an important variable in computational psychiatry, decreasing reliability or distorting results when left unaccounted for. Disentangling effects of neuropsychiatric syndromes and circadian rhythm on effort-based decision-making will be essential to understand motivational pathologies and to develop tailored clinical interventions.
Overlapping effects of neuropsychiatric symptoms and circadian rhythm on effort-based decision-making
Authors: Mehrhof Sara Z. , Nord Camilla L.
Published: June 2024

Motivational deficits are common in several brain disorders and motivational syndromes like apathy and anhedonia predict worse outcomes. Disrupted effort-based decision-making may represent a neurobiological underpinning of motivational deficits, shared across neuropsychiatric disorders. We measured effort-based decision-making in 994 participants using a gamified online task, combined with computational modelling, and validated offline for test-retest reliability. In two pre-registered studies, we first replicated studies linking impaired effort-based decision-making to neuropsychiatric syndromes, taking both a transdiagnostic and a diagnostic-criteria approach. Next, testing participants with
early
and
late
circadian rhythms in the morning and evening, we find circadian rhythm interacts with time-of-testing to produce overlapping effects on effort-based decision-making. Circadian rhythm may be an important variable in computational psychiatry, decreasing reliability or distorting results when left unaccounted for. Disentangling effects of neuropsychiatric syndromes and circadian rhythm on effort-based decision-making will be essential to understand motivational pathologies and to develop tailored clinical interventions.
“Between Scylla and Charybdis”
Authors: Blankenship Brian D.
Published: June 2024

This chapter focuses on limited Japanese burden-sharing. Japan's constitution did not allow it to maintain military forces for purposes other than self-defense, and its defense spending was always at a very low level of its gross domestic product. The chapter details the Mutual Security Treaty (MST), in which the United States was obligated to protect Japan, but Japan was responsible only for the defense of its own home territory. The chapter explores how the relatively low level of burden-sharing was facilitated by Japan's secure position, as it was separated from mainland Asia by the Sea of Japan. US officials refrained from soliciting significantly greater efforts for fear it would push Japan to move closer to the Soviet Union and potentially revive Japanese militarism despite Japan's objectively large capacity for burden-sharing.
Conclusion
Authors: Blankenship Brian D.
Published: June 2024

This chapter reviews why the United States has, in some cases, gone to great lengths to encourage its allies to bear a larger share of the alliance's defense burdens, while in other cases it has been reluctant to seek burden-sharing or has even actively discouraged it. The chapter describes what conditions the US burden-sharing pressure was able to succeed. It also covers three factors that explain the variation in the use and success of US burden-sharing pressure: allies' latent military power, the shared external threat environment, and the level of US resource constraints. The chapter highlights the allies' geographic proximity to shared adversaries, which varies across allies but is constant for the United States. It traces the theory that uses qualitative evidence of US burden-sharing pressure on West Germany, South Korea, and Japan during the 1960s and 1970s, including Iceland during the 1950s.
Bringing the Moral Economy Back In … ​to the Study of Twenty-First-Century Transnational Peasant Movements
Authors: Edelman Marc
Published: June 2024

This chapter argues for the continuing relevance of James Scott's The Moral Economy of the Peasant (1976) for understanding peasant movements of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Scott's entire oeuvre is firmly grounded in the study of agrarian politics. A consideration of certain instances of peasant collective action in relation to Scott's work on “moral economy” and early twentieth-century Southeast Asian peasant rebellions highlights how agrarian movements, politics, and economies have changed in recent decades. In particular, now that peasant and small farmer movements have a significant transnational dimension, it is worth asking how the content of notions such as “moral economy” and “subsistence crisis” shifted in the context of changing forms of peasant economy and politics. Moreover, revisiting The Moral Economy of the Peasant allows an examination of some of the diverse theoretical currents that converged in this extraordinary book as well as its impact on subsequent debates in agrarian studies.
The Long March
Authors: Edelman Marc
Published: June 2024

This concluding chapter highlights some of the provisional lessons that can be learned about transnational movements. First, rural zones are sources of wealth, but rural people struggle to appropriate the wealth that they produce or that is in their territories. The credit union or the cooperative are but a few of the tools that people use to circulate wealth in their communities. Second, agrarian movements are knowledge producers; to refer to their theorists and researchers as “organic intellectuals” does not do justice to their expertise. Third, formally constituted organizations are the most visible, but not necessarily the most significant or meaningful dimension of social movement activity. Fourth, “protest cycles” and “movement waves” are not the only periodicity or evolution that social movements experience. Finally, outcomes are not always immediately apparent and may not relate to movements' explicit goals. Movement outcomes must therefore be considered in short-, medium-, and long-term perspectives.
De un género a otro: los domingos de José Donoso
Authors: Moreno Fernando
Published: June 2024

Casi veinticinco años después de la primera edición de su novela Este domingo –que data de 1966–, José Donoso, en estrecha colaboración con el narrador y dramaturgo Carlos Cerda, reescribe la historia ahí representada para proponer una versión teatral de la misma, estrenada y puesta en escena por el Teatro ICTUS en Santiago el 12 de junio de 1990. En este artículo hubiese querido comentar y analizar los principales cambios discursivos operados en este proceso, así como el alcance y los sentidos de esta particular transformación genérica, pero ‒por cuestiones de tiempo y espacio‒ me limitaré tan solo a algunas observaciones generales sobre este ejercicio de reescritura y a exponer algunos casos que me parecieron representativos.
レイダートーゾ [Raider Tōzō]
Authors: Wilson Mike
Published: June 2024

Sin resumen
Víctor Muñoz. "Más Afuera 1928. Historia de una fuga"
Authors: Fuentes Retamal Pablo
Published: June 2024

Sin resumen
Teletrabajo y desplazamientos poblacionales: un estudio empírico de la migración interna
Authors:   , Gutiérrez Quintana Matías Felipe
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo busca clarificar los impactos del teletrabajo en los movimientos poblacionales dentro de América Latina. Se consideran datos de encuestas de hogares de Chile, Perú y México y aplicando una estrategia empiríca de diferencias en diferencias, comparando ocupaciones más teletrabajables que otras, antes, durante y después de la pandemia, se encuentra que los trabajadores remotos viven en zonas menos urbanas durante la pandemia en todos países de la muestra y estos resultados son sostenibles posterior a la pandemia en Chile y México. En estos mismos países vemos que los ingresos de las ocupaciones teletrabajables posterior a la pandemia son menores. Se proponen las razones de estos resultados y las diferencias por país.
Inclusión de estudiantes migrantes en una escuela chilena : desafíos para las prácticas del liderazgo escolar : un estudio de caso
Authors:   , Gómez Chaparro Sebastián
Published: June 2024

Ante la intensificación de la migración hacia Chile y el aumento en la matrícula nacional de estudiantes migrantes, es necesario indagar cómo las escuelas públicas están afrontando los procesos de inclusión educativa. Esta investigación busca comprender las prácticas de liderazgo escolar en relación al proceso de inclusión de estudiantes migrantes y los desafíos que debe afrontar una escuela municipal de la comuna de Lampa. En el presente estudio de caso único, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y focus group a distintos participantes de la comunidad educativa. Sus principales resultados revelan que si bien se identifican oportunidades de acceso, existen diversos desafíos institucionales para establecer lineamientos directivos que permitan el monitoreo y seguimiento de estudiantes migrantes, centrando la discusión en la relevancia de promover una mejor educación inclusiva e intercultural a toda la comunidad educativa.
BİLAL ENSER’İN “KUCAĞIMDA DÜNYA VAR ÇOCUKLARIN DÜNYASI” ADLI ESERİNDEKİ ÇOCUK ŞİİRLERİNİN DEĞERLER EĞİTİMİ KAPSAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Mazı Ali
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmada, Azerbaycanlı yazar Bilal Enser’in Azerbaycan Türkçesiyle kaleme aldığı “Kucağımda Dünya Var Çocukların Dünyası” adlı şiir kitabında yer alan 107 şiirde bulunan değerlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomonoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre şiirlerde 322 değer ifadesi tespit edilmiştir. Eserde, 16 farklı değere yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Şiirlerde sıklıkla belirtilen değer, sevgi değeri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu değerden sonra en sık paylaşma, vatanseverlik kullanılmıştır. En az belirtilen değerler, vefa ve cömertlik olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre şiirlerden elde edilen değerlerin eşit olarak ya da birbirine yakın oranlarda dağılmadığı söylenebilir. Ayrıca Azerbaycan Türk kültüründe topluma kazandırılması beklenen değerin ise şiirlerde en sık kullanılan sevgi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra diğer Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde yayımlanan çocuklara yönelik şiir kitaplarında kullanılan değerlerin belirlenmesiyle ilgili araştırmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.
4. SINIF SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERS KİTABININ KAPSAYICI EĞİTİM BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Temur Süleyman
Published: June 2024

Eğitim hakkı, birçok hukuksal düzenlemeyle koruma altına alınmasına rağmen eğitimin kimleri kapsaması gerektiği konusunda tartışmalar hâlâ devam etmektedir. Kapsayıcı eğitim ise bu tartışmaların odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, “4. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitabının kapsayıcı eğitim bağlamında incelenmesi” olarak belirlenmiştir. Nitel desende tasarlanan araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmış, veriler içerik ve betimsel analiz tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda “4. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitabında” 19 farklı kavramın kapsayıcı eğitimle ilişkilendirildiği görülmektedir. İlişkilendirilen kavramların metin, görsel / fotoğraf, şiir, gazete ve genel ağ haberleri gibi farklı araçlarla beraber kullanıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca kapsayıcı eğitim ile ilişkilendirilen kavramların “Birey ve Toplum”, “Kültür ve Miras”, “Etkin Vatandaşlık” ve “Küresel Bağlantılar” olmak üzere 4 farklı öğrenme alanında olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda 4. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitabının kapsayıcı eğitime hizmet ettiği söylenebilir. Bu verilerden hareketle 5, 6 ve 7. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarının da kapsayıcı eğitim bağlamında incelenmesi önerilmektedir.
GÜRCÜ EDEBİYATINDA DİLİN YENİDEN ŞEKİLLENMESİ: VAJA PŞAVELA’NIN ESERLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Öztürk Gül Mükerrem
Published: June 2024

Gürcü edebiyat tarihinde, eserlerinde Gürcistan’ın farklı bölgelerinin kültürel unsurlarını vurgulayan birçok şair ve yazar yer almaktadır. Bu isimler arasında, özellikle Vaja Pşavela, 19. ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Pşavela’nın eserleri, çağdaş Gürcü edebiyat tarihine derinlik katmıştır. Ancak, dil tercihleri bazı eleştirilere yol açmıştır. Örneğin, Pşavela’nın dilinin anlaşılabilirliği ve erişebilirliği, özellikle Pşavi lehçesi ve eski Gürcüce kelimelere sıkça yer vermesi nedeniyle sorgulanmıştır. Bu tercihler, metinlerin anlaşılmasını zorlaştırarak okuyucuların eserlere erişimini engelleyebilir. Dilbilimsel açıdan bakıldığında, Pşavela’nın dilindeki özgünlük ve eski Gürcü diline olan bağlılığı önemlidir, ancak bu durumun çağdaş Gürcü dilinin gelişimine olan etkisi tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışma, Pşavela’nın dil tercihlerini Gürcü edebiyatının gelişimine etkisini derinlemesine incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Pşavela’nın dil tercihlerinin, Gürcü edebiyatının gelecekteki rotası üzerinde önemli bir rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Eserlerinin kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesi, Gürcü edebiyatının zenginliği ve çeşitliliği hakkında daha derin bir anlayış sağlayabilir.
Potential Biological and Antimicrobian Effects of the Essential Oil of Aniba rosaeodora: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Garcia Thaynara Monteiro Paiva , Tavares Mateus Silva , Correa Renan Miranda , Gomes Anthony Matheus dos Santos , Santos Luana Nóbrega dos , Bentes Anderson Lima , Oliveira Rita de Cássia Silva de
Published: June 2024

Aims: Map the literature in search of the main biological and antimicrobial effects of the essential oil (EO) of Aniba rosaeodora.
Study Design: This is an integrative review based on the PRISMA method.
Place and Duration of Study: Center for Biological and Health Sciences of a University in the Brazilian Amazon, from January to August 2022.
Methodology: A search was carried out in the main databases, such as Embase, Scopus, PubChem, PubMed, LILACS, SciELO and Portal BVS, with the descriptors consulted in the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
Results: 134 articles were found and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 were selected for full analysis. The EO of Aniba roseadora revealed mainly antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral properties and in two studies, anesthetic effects, without observation of serious adverse events and deaths, were observed, but the specific active compound was not identified. The antibacterial activity of linalool, the compound most present in Aniba roseadora EO, was significant. Aniba roseadora EO also showed inhibitory and fungicidal potential. In addition, Aniba roseadora had an antidepressant effect, reducing anhedonia.
Conclusion: The EO of Aniba rosaeadora showed potential biopharmacological and microbiological activities in pre-clinical models. Linalool stood out as the substance with the highest concentration in the EO; however, it is not yet known whether this compound is the main active component. Therefore, more studies should be conducted to support and describe the pharmacological potential of Aniba rosaeadora EO, leading to evidence-based pharmacology.
Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genetic Diversity Germplasm in Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions Using Metroglyph Analysis
Authors: L. R. Patra, , M. Yadav, , A. Maxton,
Published: June 2024

Total 25 genotypes of chick pea were investigated during current study. The experiment was conducted during Rabi-2022 in RBD having three replications and the data were recorded on 12 characters to study the variability, heritability, genetic advance, metroglyph analysis. Analysis of variance revealed that there was considerable genetic variability in the available germplasm for most of the characters studied for 12 different quantitative characters and analysed on the basis of heredity, Genetic advance and metroglyph analysis. Performance of grain yield and its components depicted that UDAY was found best followed by NBEG-3 and NBEG-47. A   close perusal of variability coefficients revealed that the difference between PCV and GCV was small indicating little influence of environment on the expression of characters studied. High estimates of PCV and GCV were recorded for Harvesting index. The highest heritability was observed for Harvesting index (92.17 %), followed by Seed yield (91.76%) and Number of pods per plant (85.61%). In the present study a perusal of genetic advance showed that it was high for Harvesting index (14.10). We have noticed that among selected 25 genotypes, UDAY, NBEG-3, NBEG-47, ICC-313, FLIP-09-162, RVG-202, IPC-11-85 were observed as higher yielder and identified for higher index score.
Biotechnological Approaches toward Blast Disease Resistance in Finger Millet
Authors: Mane Rushikesh Sanjay , Prasad Bishun Deo , Sahni Sangita , Quaiyum Zeba
Published: June 2024

Plant disease globally causes significant losses in crop production that hindering the urgent need for a 60% increase in food demand. The main impact is reduced food quantity and quality leading to compromised food safety from pesticides and toxins. Biotechnology is essential for protecting crop yield and enhancing sustainability in agriculture. Agricultural biotechnology has advanced offering options for understanding plant molecular mechanisms and breeding. The devastating finger millet blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae affects crop growth and yield leading to instability due to breakdown of blast resistance. Novel strategies are essential for sustainable finger millet production focusing on breeding techniques such as molecular markers, expressed sequence tags (ESTs), gene expression profiling, genome-wide association studies, and genetic transformations to develop new disease-resistance varieties. This comprehensive review explores current breeding strategies and future directions that may offers insights for effective disease control and optimizing finger millet productivity.
Research Progress on Mechanical Properties and Frost Resistance of Rubber Recycled Concrete
Authors: Wang Li
Published: June 2024

The use of recycled waste tires and construction and demolition wastes as aggregates in concrete after treatment as required not only contributes to environmental sustainability, but also alleviates the growing demand for natural aggregates in concrete production. This paper focuses on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of rubberized recycled concrete, including the effects of rubber and recycled aggregates on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete, as well as measures to improve the mechanical properties and frost resistance of rubberized recycled concrete. Existing studies show that the mechanical properties of concrete gradually decrease with the increase of rubber and recycled aggregate admixture. Due to the high number of defects in recycled aggregate, it has a negative effect on the frost resistance of concrete. Rubber particles have air-entraining properties and can be incorporated into concrete to enhance the frost resistance of concrete. The frost resistance of rubber recycled concrete can be improved by mixing appropriate amount of fiber, rubber or rubber modification treatment.
Kommunen als Akteure in der ambulanten Gesundheitsversorgung?
Authors: Münkler Laura
Published: June 2024

Die ambulanten Versorgungsstrukturen unterliegen bereits seit längerem einer Transformation. Deren nächster Schritt sollte darin liegen, die Kommunen stärker in die ambulante Gesundheitsversorgung einzubinden. Grund hierfür ist, dass aus rechtlichen, politischen wie institutionellen Gründen derzeit vor allem die Kommunen als geeignete Akteure erscheinen, die bestehenden Herausforderungen anzugehen. Um den Abbau der Sektorengrenzen weiter voranzutreiben, das Schnittstellenmanagement zu verbessern sowie den Bereich der Prävention und Gesundheitsfürsorge zu stärken, ist man gerade auf sie angewiesen. Angesichts dessen erscheint es sinnvoll, über eine Rekommunalisierung der ambulanten Gesundheitsversorgung nachzudenken.
Metal‐Containing Polymers
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Pilfold Jessica L. , Kucukkaya Inan , Vandel Mason S.
Published: February 2012

The article provides an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of metal‐containing polymers. The past decade has shown an exponential increase in synthetic methods, resulting in metal‐containing polymers, their characterization techniques, and their potential application into a variety of fields, including chemistry, medicine, biotechnology, and more.
Effect of oxygen plasma treatment of carbon nanotubes on electromagnetic interference shielding of polypyrrole‐coated carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yun Jumi , Im Ji Sun , Kim Hyung‐Il
Published: February 2012

The polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole on the surface of MWCNTs for the novel electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. The oxygen plasma treatment on MWCNTs introduced the hydrophilic functional groups resulting in uniform distribution of MWCNTs and higher interfacial affinity between PPy and MWCNTs. The uniform coating of PPy was formed on MWCNTs due to the effects of oxygen plasma treatment. The thermal stability of PPy‐coated MWCNTs was improved by incorporation of MWCNTs. Absorption was the main mechanism of EMI shielding for the PPy‐coated MWCNTs. The average EMI shielding efficiency of PPy‐coated MWCNTs increased from 21.5 to 28.3 dB by oxygen plasma treatment of MWCNTs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Improvement of cutting and chipping resistance of carbon black‐filled styrene butadiene rubber by addition of nanodispersed clay
Authors: Ma Jian‐Hua , Wang Yuan‐Xia , Zhang Li‐Qun , Wu You‐Ping
Published: February 2012

A novel, effective approach to improve the cutting and chipping resistance (CCR) of carbon black (CB)‐filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composite was reported in this study. CCR of SBR was dramatically improved more than 30% by addition of 4 phr nanodispersed clay (NC), while not decreasing the stress at 100% and the Shore A hardness of the composite. The curing characteristics, loss tangent (tan δ), and the strength of filler network of the composites were further measured by a Disk Oscillating Rheometer and a rubber processing analyzer, respectively. It was found that the addition of NC led to a slightly lower crosslink density, higher tan δ, and stronger filler network, which contributed to the higher CCR. Therefore, the novel layered NC is more efficient in improving CCR when compared with CB. The results are expected to promote the application of NC in rubber industry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Vasculogenesis and the Induction of Skeletogenic Condensations in the Avian Eye
Authors: Jourdeuil Karyn , Franz‐Odendaal Tamara A.
Published: February 2012

Blood vessels form via two distinct mechanisms: vasculogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels; and angiogenesis, the remodeling of preexisting blood vessels to form mature vasculature. Little research, however, focuses on the relationship between blood vessels and skeletogenic condensations, a key step in bone formation. Here, the development of the scleral ossicles in the chick begins with the induction of a neural crest‐derived condensation at HH Stages 35 and 36 by overlying papillae in a 1:1 pattern. These papillae, which are epithelial thickenings of the conjunctiva, begin to form at HH Stage 30, following a distinct pattern. Nothing is currently known about their induction, or patterning. As the first papilla always forms above the ciliary artery, we mapped blood vessel development in the eye between HH Stages 28 and 36.5 using camera lucida drawings, fluorescence microscopy, and histology. Our results show that a blood vessel meshwork begins to form de novo once the ring of conjunctival papillae is complete (HH Stages 34 through 36) suggesting no direct correlation between these two events. We also observe an avascular zone beneath each conjunctival papilla, which is first visible at HH Stage 35, coinciding with the onset of induction of the skeletogenic condensations. Importantly, our findings suggest that remodeling of the vasculature and development of the avascular zones occurs at the same time as induction, but prior to the presence of the skeletogenic condensations of the intramembranous bones; this process is dissimilar to that documented for endochondral ossification in avian limb buds. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Rescue of Active Site Mutants of S. pneumoniae Surface Endonuclease EndA and Other Nucleases of the HNH Family by Imidazole
Authors: Midon Marika , Gimadutdinow Oleg , Meiss Gregor , Friedhoff Peter , Pingoud Alfred
Published: February 2012

The His‐Asn‐His (HNH) motif characterizes the active sites of a large number of different nucleases such as homing endonucleases, restriction endonucleases, structure‐specific nucleases and, in particular, nonspecific nucleases. Several biochemical studies have revealed an essential catalytic function for the first amino acid of this motif in HNH nucleases. This histidine residue was identified as the general base that activates a water molecule for a nucleophilic attack on the sugar phosphate backbone of nucleic acids. Replacement of histidine by an amino acid such as glycine or alanine, which lack the catalytically active imidazole side chain, leads to decreases of several orders of magnitude in the nucleolytic activities of members of this nuclease family. We were able, however, to restore the activity of HNH nuclease variants (i.e., EndA (Streptococcus pneumoniae), SmaNuc (Serratia marcescens) and NucA (Anabaena sp.)) that had been inactivated by His→Gly or His→Ala substitution by adding excess imidazole to the inactive enzymes in vitro. Imidazole clearly replaces the missing histidine side chain and thereby restores nucleolytic activity. Significantly, this chemical rescue could also be observed in vivo (Escherichia coli). The in vivo assay might be a promising starting point for the development of a high‐throughput screening system for functional EndA inhibitors because, unlike the wild‐type enzyme, the H160G and H160A variants of EndA can easily be produced in E. coli. A simple viability assay would allow inhibitors of EndA to be identified because these would counteract the toxicities of the chemically rescued EndA variants. Such inhibitors could be used to block the nucleolytic activity of EndA, which as a surface‐exposed enzyme in its natural host destroys the DNA scaffolds of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and thereby allows S. pneumoniae to escape the innate immune response.
Review of sparse methods in regression and classification with application to chemometrics
Authors: Filzmoser Peter , Gschwandtner Moritz , Todorov Valentin
Published: February 2012

High‐dimensional data often contain many variables that are irrelevant for predicting a response or for an accurate group assignment. The inclusion of such variables in a regression or classification model leads to a loss in performance, even if the contribution of the variables to the model is small. Sparse methods for regression and classification are able to suppress these variables. This is possible by adding an appropriate penalty term to the objective function of the method.

An overview of recent sparse methods for regression and classification is provided. The methods are applied to several high‐dimensional data sets from chemometrics. A comparison with the non‐sparse counterparts allows us to acquire an insight into their performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restricted Conformational Flexibility of a Triphenylamine Derivative on the Formation of Host–Guest Complexes with Various Macrocyclic Hosts
Authors: Mandal Amal Kumar , Suresh Moorthy , Das Priyadip , Das Amitava
Published: February 2012

Herein, we report the host–guest‐type complex formation between the host molecules cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), and dibenzo[24]crown‐8 ether (DB24C8) and a newly synthesized triphenylamine (TPA) derivative 1X3 as the guest component. The host–guest complex formation was studied in detail by using 1H NMR, 2D NOESY, UV/Vis fluorescence, and time‐resolved emission spectroscopy. The chloride salt of the TPA derivative was used for recognition studies with CB[7] and β‐CD in an aqueous medium. The restricted internal rotation of the guest molecule on complex formation with either of these two host molecules was reflected in the enhancement of the emission quantum yield and the average excited‐state lifetime for the triphenylamine‐based excited states. Studies with DB24C8 as the host molecule were performed in dichloromethane, a medium that maximizes the noncovalent interaction between the host and guest fragments. The Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process involving DB24C8 and 1(PF6)3, as the donor and acceptor fragments, respectively, was established by electrochemical, steady‐state emission, and time‐correlated single‐photon counting studies.
Synthesis and structural elucidation of novel camphor‐derived thioureas
Authors: Grošelj Uroš , Golobič Amalija , Stare Katarina , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko
Published: February 2012

Nine novel (+)‐camphor‐derived thioureas have been prepared. 3‐((Dimethylamino)methylene)camphor (2) served as the common precursor for the preparation of both, 2‐thiourea 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 3‐thiourea functionalized camphor derivatives 6, 7/7', respectively. Starting from 2, the latter were prepared in two or three steps whereas the former in five steps, respectively. Configuration of all novel compounds has been meticulously determined using NMR techniques and/or single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphorylation as a method of tuning the enantiodiscrimination potency of quinine—An NMR study
Authors: Górecki Łukasz , Berlicki Łukasz , Mucha Artur , Kafarski Paweł , ŚLEPOKURA Katarzyna , Rudzińska‐Szostak Ewa
Published: February 2012

Quinines phosphorylated at the C‐9 hydroxyl group (diphenyl and diethyl phosphates) were synthesized and validated as novel effective chiral solvating agents in two alternative methods based on 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Tested with a representative set of racemic analytes, the title compounds induced shift nonequivalence effects in 1H NMR signals with values up to 0.1–0.2 ppm for 3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl‐substituted amino acids. In terms of enantiodifferentiation extent and application range, introduction of a phosphate group was proven to be superior compared to the action of nonmodified quinine. Interestingly, a temperature decrease to reach the slow exchange conditions also produced nonequivalences in the 31P NMR spectra of the selectors. Comprehensive NMR analysis showed the existence of two conformations (closed 1 and 2) for both quinines in their free forms and the open 3 arrangement for the protonated ones. The crystal structure of diethylphosphorylquinine hydrochloride dichloromethane hemisolvate revealed a similar conformation to that observed in solution. Structures of complexes of phosphorylated quinines with selected ligands were determined with the use of NMR‐based molecular modeling studies. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of (R)‐(−)‐α‐methoxy phenyl acetic acid as a chiral shift reagent for resolution and determination of R and S enantiomers of modafinil in bulk drugs and formulations by 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Rao Ramisetti Nageswara , Ramachandra Bondigalla , Santhakumar Kondapalli
Published: February 2012

(R)‐(−)‐α‐Methoxy phenyl acetic acid, (S)‐(−)‐1,1′‐(2‐naphthol), and (R)‐(+)‐α‐methoxy‐α‐trifluoromethyl phenyl acetic acid were evaluated as chiral shift reagents (CSRs) for 1H NMR spectroscopic resolution and determination of R and S enantiomers of modafinil (MDL) in bulk drugs and formulations. Effects of the nature of CSR and the weight ratio of substrate to shift reagent on enantiomeric discrimination were investigated. Intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the drug and the CSR seem to be the driving force for desired resolution. A mechanism was proposed to explain the interactions between (R, S)‐enantiomers of MDL and (R)‐(−)‐α‐methoxy phenyl acetic acid. The method was validated and applied successfully to determine the enantiomeric purity of MDL in tablet formulations. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient numerical integration of stiff differential equations in polymerisation reaction engineering: Computational aspects and applications
Authors: Zapata‐González Iván , Saldívar‐Guerra Enrique , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo , Ortiz‐Cisneros José
Published: February 2012

The modelling of the full molecular weight distribution in addition polymerisation gives rise to very large dimension (103–106) systems of ordinary differential equations, often exhibiting serious stiffness issues. This article summarises a methodology recently implemented by our group, in which the QSSA is applied on the fast dynamic species in order to reduce the stiffness, and then the remaining equations are solved by computationally inexpensive explicit algorithms (such as Euler). Specific features of the methodology are illustrated by application to the academically and industrially relevant systems of controlled radical polymerisation (RAFT and NMP cases) and coordination catalysis polymerisation. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Distribution and functional organization of glomeruli in the olfactory bulbs of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Braubach Oliver R. , Fine Alan , Croll Roger P.
Published: February 2012

Odor molecules are transduced by thousands of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located in the nasal cavity. Each OSN expresses a single functional odorant receptor protein and projects an axon from the sensory epithelia to an olfactory bulb glomerulus, which is selectively innervated by only one or a few OSN types. We used whole‐mount immunocytochemistry to study the neurochemistry and anatomical organization of glomeruli in the zebrafish olfactory system. By employing combinations of antibodies against G‐protein α subunits, calcium‐binding proteins, and general neuronal markers, we selectively labeled various OSN types, their axonal projections to glomeruli, and the detailed anatomical distributions of individual glomeruli in different regions of the olfactory bulb. In this way we identified ≈140 glomeruli in each olfactory bulb of mature zebrafish. A small subset (27) of these glomeruli was unambiguously identifiable in nearly all animals examined. These units were large and, located mainly in the medial olfactory bulbs. Most glomeruli, however, were comparatively small, anatomically indistinguishable, and located in coarsely circumscribed regions; almost all of these latter glomeruli were innervated by OSNs that were labeled with anti‐Gα s/olfand/or anti‐calretinin antibodies. Collectively, our results provide a uniquely detailed description of a vertebrate olfactory system and highlight anatomically distinct parallel neural pathways that mediate early aspects of olfactory processing in the zebrafish. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2317–2339, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Selective Formation of β‐Glycosides of N‐Acetylglucosamine Using Catalytic Iron(III) Triflate
Authors: Stévenin Arnaud , Boyer François‐Didier , Beau Jean‐Marie
Published: February 2012

Efficient and highly selective glycosylation reactions of peracetylated β‐D‐N‐acetylglucosamine are described using catalytic iron(III) triflate and 2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylpyrimidine (TTBP) under microwave conditions. We have demonstrated that the formation of β‐(1→6) and β‐(1→3) linked disaccharides are obtained in high yields in the presence ofvarious protecting groups.
A Synthetic Overview of Radiolabeled Compounds for β‐Amyloid Targeting (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 7/2012)
Authors: Ribeiro Morais Goreti , Paulo António , Santos Isabel
Published: February 2012

The cover picture shows a blue cartoon representing the different particles (β+, β–, and α) and γ‐photons that can be emitted by radionuclides with relevance in nuclear medicine, either for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. The molecular interaction of a radioactive probe with β‐amyloid deposits in a brain affected by Alzheimer's disease is also depicted as is the image of such deposits obtained by PET/SPECT. The most important classes of compounds explored as radioactive probes for the targeting of β‐amyloid plaques, reviewed in this work, are also shown. Details are presented in the Microreview by G. Ribeiro Morais et al. on p. 1279 ff. Fátima Marques is acknowledged for her help in designing this cover picture..

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Enzymatic Strategies to Construct L‐Lactate Biosensors Based on Polysulfone/Carbon Nanotubes Membranes
Authors: Pérez Sandra , Sánchez Samuel , Fàbregas Esteve
Published: February 2012

We present different strategies to construct amperometric L‐lactate biosensors using the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lactate oxidase (LOx). These biomolecules are incorporated into a polysulfone/carbon nanotubes composite matrix by means of an easy and rapid technique, i.e. inversion phase, and deposited onto carbon screen‐printed electrodes. The use of redox mediators, Meldola’s Blue and cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) are necessary to reduce the working potential for the detection of NADH and H2O2 products. The working conditions for both biosensors have been optimized such as the pH, amount of immobilized enzyme and lifetime stability. LDH biosensor presents a linear interval range from 10−6 to 2×10−5 M L‐lactate and a 3.7×10−7 M as limit of detection (LOD), and from 5×10−6 to 5×10−4 M and 3.4×10−6 M, in case of LOx, respectively.