bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Produk Pasta Jenis Ravioli Saus Rendang dengan Substitusi Ubi Jalar Kuning
Authors: Nurrochmah Shinta , Rahmadhaani Putri , Suci Salsabila Indah , Sofian Burhannudin , Septiyani Retnosyari
Published: September 2022

Ravioli merupakan salah satu jenis pasta yang terdiri dari dua lembaran pasta yang di dalamnya diberi isian seperti daging, jamur hingga sayuran dengan bentuk yang sangat beragam. Hidangan yang sudah tidak asing dan cukup populer di mancanegara, tetapi masih jarang ditemui di Indonesia memiliki harga yang cukup tinggi. Pengembangan produk pada ravioli melalui inovasi fusion (kombinasi) menggunakan ubi jalar kuning sebagai campuran kulit pada ravioli dan juga rendang sebagai base sauce dengan konsep ready to cook menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini. Pengujian preferensi awal dilakukan melalui formulir daring (google form) dengan total responden sebanyak 41 orang untuk melihat potensi pengembangan jenis isian. Pengembangan lembaran pasta dilakukan melalui formulasi menggunakan substitusi ubi jalar kuning sebanyak 16.67%, 50%, dan 83.33% yang dievaluasi melalui uji kesukaan pada atribut warna, aroma, rasa, tekstur, dan keseluruhan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa responden menginginkan ravioli yang berisi rendang daging sapi, dengan konsep ready to cook, dan dikemas menggunakan plastic box. Di sisi lain, hasil uji preferensi oleh 30 orang panelis menunjukkan substitusi ubi jalar kuning sebanyak 50% paling disukai oleh para panelis dibandingkan jumlah lainnya.
Analisis Kadar Tanin, Saponin, dan Flavonoid Teh Herbal Daun Nangka dan Rempah
Authors: Putri Eka Ayu Mentari , Devi Mazarina , Soekopitojo Soenar
Published: September 2022

Daun nangka dan rempah-rempah seperti kapulaga, cengkeh, dan pekak diketahui memiliki kandungan antioksidan berupa tanin, saponin dan flavonoid. Tanin merupakan senyawa antioksidan sekaligus senyawa yang menjadi ciri khas rasa sepat pada teh. Pemanfaatan daun nangka dan rempah yang diolah menjadi teh herbal diharapkan mampu menjadi produk teh herbal yang kaya antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis teh herbal dengan perbandingan daun nangka dibanding rempah 5:3, 6:2 dan 7:1 terhadap, kadar tanin, saponin, dan flavonoid. Metode penelitian ini yaitu eksperimen dengan menggunakan RAL, terdapat tiga perlakuan dengan dua pengulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan One Way ANOVA dan dengan uji lanjut DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teh herbal yang memiliki kadar tanin tertinggi 520,563 mg/l pada perbandingan 7:1, kadar saponin tertinggi 62,590 mg/l pada perbandingan 7:1, dan kadar flavonoid tertinggi 2906,793 mg/l pada perbandingan 7:1.
Allegations of abuse in an early years setting – What should you do?
Authors: Benett Rachel
Published: September 2022

Do you have something to share, reflect on or provoke thinking around? Write to the editor: angelica.celinska@markallengroup.com
School starting age
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: September 2022

The age at which children begin school varies internationally, with the UK having some of the earliest compulsory school starting ages. Nick Gibb's promise to ensure parents' rights to defer school entry for the youngest children was recently abandoned by the DfE. Sue Cowley explores the picture on school starting ages in the different nations of the UK.
Post-pandemic pedagogy
Authors: Webster Chloe
Published: September 2022

The pandemic and our Coronavirus practices and procedures since returning to our ‘new normal’ have changed our practice and our settings forever. Is it for the better?

Has the way in which the pandemic impacted our practice had its benefits on children and the way in which we provide children's education in the early years?
Minimalism and maximalism
Authors: England Laura
Published: September 2022

In last month's article I discussed beige environments and touched on the new wave of aesthetics within the early years – the ‘charity shop/antiques emporium’ environments that are popping up all over social media. This month I want to delve a little deeper into aesthetics by discussing the resources and materials we use within our continuous provision, including a deep dive into what creates awe and wonder and what works better in terms of minimalism and maximalism.
The journey to outstanding SEND – what does it take?
Authors: Pinnock Emma
Published: September 2022

Historically, there has not been a standardised approach to SEND, however now there is more of a focus for educational leaders to get a clearer picture of SEND in their schools and a deeper understanding of the real experiences of their pupils, staff and parents; in order to ensure real progress and provision is available for all.
Gender associations and cues
Authors: Martin Maryanne
Published: September 2022

A popular assumption in research of children's gender states that it is a social construct. This makes it important for parents and educators to think about gender associations and cues, and how we knowingly and un-knowingly teach our children about gender. This is the second article in a series looking at research into young children's experiences of gender.
Investigating with flowers
Authors: Fuller Hayley
Published: September 2022

In this month's case study, we explore an open-ended science invitation inspired by fresh cut flowers and the children's own intent and interest, then enhanced by the non-fiction book ‘Roots, Stems, Leaves and Flowers - all about plants’ by Ruth Owen
Self-regulation and the learning environment
Authors: Goldenberg Gemma
Published: September 2022

Gemma Goldenberg reflects on her current research which considers the impact of the physical learning environment on self-regulation.
Elderflower cordial home learning opportunity
Authors: Webster Chloe
Published: September 2022

Foraging for elderflower has been an experience that we engage in every early summer. We have turned our foraged ingredients into home-made cordial and ice lollies. During lockdown we turned this into an invaluable home-learning experience so the children still reaped the benefits of this learning opportunity.
Mastitis pattern analysis: epidemiology into practice
Authors: Breen James , Manning Al
Published: September 2022

Analysis of data to inform decision making in dairy animal practice is a cornerstone of modern dairy herd health work and is routinely carried out in areas such as fertility management and mastitis control. Mastitis in dairy herds continues to be important and relevant to veterinary advisors for many reasons, such as cow welfare, the cost of disease, the use of antimicrobials and the sustainability of farming and food supply, including environmental impact and waste milk. When implementing control measures to reduce mastitis infection rates on farm, herd level analysis of infection ‘patterns’ to inform decision making has been shown to be an important first step. Feedback from participants using the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) Dairy Mastitis Control Plan previously indicated that the first stage of the Plan, analysing patterns and making a herd ‘diagnosis’, was often a difficult stage for Plan deliverers. The new AHDB Dairy QuarterPRO scheme offers an ‘entry-level’ method of routinely monitoring mastitis on farm and builds in a rapid method of assessing the predominant mastitis infection patterns present on farm, using somatic cell count and clinical mastitis records. A new fully automated mastitis pattern analysis report is now available to all milk recording dairy herds in the UK through their milk recording organisation, allowing routine assessment of the predominant pattern of infection, and enabling farmers and veterinary surgeons to highlight the most important area on their farm for mastitis control.
Diagnosis of respiratory disease in adult cattle using ultrasonography
Authors: Scott Phil
Published: September 2022

This article features video recordings to emphasise the vague presenting clinical signs of chronic respiratory disease affecting adult cattle, the common sonographic findings, and response to correct antibiotic therapy in selected cases. Identification and quantification of lung and pleural pathologies can be readily achieved within 1–2 minutes using a 5 MHz linear transducer (‘rectal probe’).
Reviewing the diagnosis and treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy herds
Authors: Gillespie Amy
Published: September 2022

Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) incidence in the UK was recently estimated at 53.6 cases per 100 cow-years. Few farms engage in active diagnosis of BDD and therefore the importance of this disease is likely underestimated. Although the evidence base for decisions regarding individual treatments and herd foot disinfection remains weak, this article highlights some practical points that can be applied to improve the approach to BDD control. Active diagnosis of acute lesions is needed to improve cure rates and prevent progression to the chronic stage. Footbath chemical concentration and adequacy of renewal of the footbath should be reviewed as these are prone to drifting away from best practice.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

In this Cattle Review we consider open access papers on lameness prevention and colostrum management all recently published in the Journal of Dairy Science.
The benefits of smoking cessation for health
Authors: Moffat Polly
Published: September 2022

The smoking review published earlier this year examined the pledge to make England smoke free by 2030. What is the evidence for the benefits of smoking cessation on people's health?
Workplace wellbeing: Why it's back on the agenda
Authors: Dunkerley Bill
Published: September 2022

Events over the last two years have brought the issue into sharp focus, as a result of the pandemic. However, to what extent are practice managers responsible for the mental health and wellbeing of their employees?
Making your health content clear and accessible
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: September 2022

Are you talking sense and writing clearly? Clarity is critical in healthcare information, according to the new updated standard for creating health content from NHS England. Dave Hancock explores some examples of good and bad content
Patients with unrealistic service demands
Authors: Simsek Ceylan
Published: September 2022

Ceylan Simsek provides advice for practice managers on how to apply new guidance from NHS England on when they can deregister a patient, factors to consider and the correct processes to follow
ASSISTÊNCIA TÉCNICA E EXTENSÃO RURAL NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR A PARTIR DA PERSPECTIVA DE GÊNERO
Authors: Costa Edimare Ribeiro
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho identifica as estratégias de intervenção da ATER desenvolvidas nos serviços prestados pelos técnicos(as) da COOPERA, nas chamadas públicas de 2012 e 2015, em três municípios do Território Litoral Norte e Agreste Baiano, com base nas ações que contemplam as relações de gênero. Tem por objetivo analisar as dificuldades dos técnicos(as) para trabalhar as questões específicas das mulheres agricultoras familiares nesse serviço. Utilizou-se a metodologia de base qualitativa, com uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise documental. As análises oriundas do trabalho de campo revelam ausência de qualificação técnica específica para assistência às mulheres rurais, assim as orientações metodológicas utilizadas pela equipe de ATER não inclui enfoques de gênero, o que reitera a necessidade deformação continuada em gênero para esses(as) profissionais.
AS REPERCUSSÕES DAS DESIGUALDADES: O HOMEM QUE NÃO TINHA NADA E SUAS INTERAÇÕES SOCIAIS
Authors: De Almeida Daniel Lima , Evangelista Emanuelle Almeida , Araujo Vitória Santos
Published: September 2022

Resumo: De maneira interdisciplinar, aborda-se o tema da desigualdade social. A discussão em tela é guiada pela análise da letra da música O Homem Que Não Tinha Nada (Projota part. Negra Li). O ensaio tem como objetivo estabelecer um paralelo entre a situação descrita na manifestação artística e o cenário jurídico. E, para tal, a construção metodológica do ensaio é pautada em um viés descritivo e explicativo, de caráter qualitativo, responsável por propor relações entre as repercussões das desigualdades e a intersecção com o Direito. Destacamos, por isso, que os direitos fundamentais são imprescindíveis para uma democracia consolidada e respeitada, não apenas no papel, mas na realidade social.Palavras-chave: Desigualdade social. Violência urbana. O homem que não tinha nada. Abstract: In an interdisciplinary way, it addresses the theme of social inequality. The screen discussion is guided by the analysis of the lyrics of the song The Man Who Had Nothing (Projota and Negra Li). The essay aims to define a parallel between a situation that occurs in the artistic manifestation and the legal scenario. For this, a methodological construction of an essay is shown in a descriptive and explanatory through, of a qualitative character, responsible for propose relationships between repercussions of inequalities and intersection with the law. We emphasize, therefore, that fundamental rights are essential for a consolidated and respected democracy, not only on paper, but in social reality.Keywords: Social inequality. Urban violence. The man who had nothing.
Em busca de um recomeço sem violência: Reflexões a partir do filme “Um Porto Seguro”
Authors: Nascimento Ana Jamille Costa , Leal Tatiane Brito Teixeira
Published: September 2022

Este ensaio pretende abordar aspectos multidisciplinares e intersetoriais da violência doméstica, a partir do filme UM PORTO SEGURO, produzido por Lars SvenHallström, lançado no Brasil em 2013. O filme é uma adaptação do livro de Nicholas Sparks, e pode ser usado como um instrumento didático para ampliar debates e reflexões sobre questões de gênero, os tipos de violência contra a mulher e seus aspectos multidisciplinar e intersetorial.
A “ENGENHARIA REVERSA” DE BLACKMIRROR E A (DES)CONSTRUÇÃO DO RACISMO INSTITUCIONAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Santos de Freitas Bruno César , Araujo Silva Filho Honodi , Carvalho dos Santos Jader Vinícius
Published: September 2022

O presente texto tem como escopo um estudo da conexão entre a vida e a arte, por meio da análise do episódio “Men Against Fire”, do seriado de ficção científica “Black Mirror”, da Netflix. O artigo faz uma analogia entre o racismo institucional e a postura punitivista do Estado em face dos perfis marginalizados, e como o etiquetamento desses perfis é construído no imaginário da população devido a atuação da mídia como meio fomentador do medo e da falácia da falsa segurança, valendo-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de livros, artigos e publicações virtuais, que buscou constatar como se deu essa construção. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que houve uma real construção de um racismo institucional no Brasil, de modo que a saída possível seria (re)integração de determinado grupo social que durante todo tempo foi excluído.
ENCARCERADAS: A DOR POR TRÁS DAS GRADES: A VIOLAÇÃO DO PRINCÍPIO DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA E DA PERSONALIDADE DA PENA NAS PRISÕES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Carvalho Santana Kaenne Roberta , Souza Rios Júlia , Gordiano Lima Oliveira Yasmin
Published: September 2022

O artigo objetiva discutir acerca da violação dos princípios da dignidade humana e da personalidade da pena nas prisões femininas do Brasil. Por possuir uma visão interdisciplinar, o texto tem o intuito de estabelecer um paralelo entre a violação de princípios penais que acontecem durante o cárcere feminino e o livro Presos que menstruam (2015), da jornalista Nana Queiroz. Assim, o Artigo traz recortes da peça literária que ilustram divergências entre a lei penal e a realidade do cárcere brasileiro que ocasionam a violação da dignidade humana e a personalidade da pena das mulheres presas, ao passo que denuncia a dor sofrida por milhares de mulheres encarceradas.
As subculturas delinquentes em "Um dia quente de verão"
Authors: Ribeiro Souza Suzana
Published: September 2022

“Um dia quente de verão” (1991) retrata uma Taiwan repleta de conflitos identitários, culturais e político-ideológicos coletivos novos e antigos, acompanhando o amadurecimento de um jovem rapaz em meio às desavenças entre duas gangues juvenis essencialmente opostas. O presente trabalho se debruça sobre a história da nação e a conjuntura apresentada pelo filme para analisar o surgimento e o funcionamento dessas gangues sob a ótica da Teoria da Subcultura Delinquente desenvolvida por Albert K. Cohen.
O ACESSO À JUSTIÇA SOB A ÓTICA DO LIVRO AUTO DA COMPADECIDA DE ARIANO SUASSUNA: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA
Authors: Lima Luiz Gustavo de Jesus , Moitinho Maria Victoria Trindade
Published: September 2022

A arte sempre está presente no nosso dia a dia, assim como o Direito, que é responsável por regulamentar as questões de interesse social. A obra O Auto da Compadecida, de Ariano Suassuna, representa um exemplo de encontro entre a arte e o direito, por meio de um movimento crítico. Este trabalho apresenta como os direitos humanos básicos são negados aos personagens principais (Chicó e João Grilo) e faz uma interpretação a respeito da terceira e última parte da obra - O Julgamento Final - relacionando esse momento ao princípio do Acesso à Justiça, ou a falta dele para os sujeitos socioeconomicamente excluídos.
Spectroscopic and Chemical Applications of High-Flux VUV and XUV Free Electron Lasers
Authors: Stwalley William C.
Published: September 2022

High-flux VUV and XUV Free Electron Lasers (FELs) would offer many new opportunities for extending our knowledge of atomic and molecular systems and their spectroscopy and dynamics. Obviously they offer the possibility of intense directed energy and thus laser-induced plasmas potentially of high temperature and density. However, here we explore a quite different extension, namely the possibility of unique high energy (say > 10 eV) atomic and molecular metastable states where the finesse and surgical precision of the laser (e.g. operated in special ("low entropy generation") ways, such as near threshold, with resonant enhancement, with near perfect polarization, counterpropagating to cancel doppler shifts, etc.) can be used. Are there novel "islands of metastability" (resonances) which can be reached as the energy is increased?
Time Resolved Studies in the Gas Phase: Reaction Dynamics and Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Baer Tomas
Published: September 2022

The high intensity, resolution, and brightness of the free electron laser (FEL) radiation is now making possible pump-probe experiments of excited state lifetimes in the picosecond domain in energy ranges not previously attainable by standard lasers. In addition, the short pulses will make possible electron TOF studies for measuring threshold photoelectron spectra with resolutions to 1 cm-1. The major requirement for pump-probe experiment is that the sum of the two laser energies be greater than the ionization potential of the molecule being investigated. The FEL can be used either as a pump to investigate high energy states, or as a probe for low energy states excited by infra-red or visible lasers. TPES of cold molecules will provide new information about vibrational modes in ions and structural information from the analysis of the rotational structure.
Multiphoton Ionization and Chemical Reaction to DNA: A Theoretical Study of Ionizing Radiation by FEL
Authors: Lu K.T.
Published: September 2022

Presently there is a worldwide effort to pursue studies of the use of lasers on biomedical materials. The pending FEL facilities raises the hope that a pulsed tunable UV laser can be developed into a valuable surgical tool to provide a selective and controllable dosage of spatial and temporal ionizing radiation for use on the human body. However, the medical literature is bereft of systematic and reliable information on the interactions of lasers and biomedical materials. One necessary study is characterization of the interaction as a function of the laser beam parameters, which consist of wave length, pulse duration, power, geometric size, and penetration depth.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Elements of Z ≤ 10 Using a Free-EIectron Laser Source
Authors: Conradson Steven D.
Published: September 2022

Although X-ray Absorption Spectra (XAS) were first measured in the 1930’s, it was not until synchrotron radiation became available in the 1970’s that it became a feasible technique and the direct dependence of the XAS on the local structure of the absorbing element recognized. By a straightforward deconvolution, the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) region of the XAS provides the types and numbers of and distances to neighboring atoms within 3-4 Å of the selected absorber. In addition, transitions to bound and quasi-bound final states produce features in the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) region which can provide information on the electronic states and occupancies of the absorber and the three-dimensional arrangement of its near neighbors. Its ability to provide direct, structural information for any selected element in a sample in any physical state has made XAS a tool of increasing importance for deter mining local structures in metalloproteins, minerals, catalysts, and other non-crystalline systems.
Holographic Storage Applications
Authors: Psaltis Demetri
Published: September 2022

Summary not available.
Implementation of a Parallel Ring Interconnect using Smart Pixel Transmitter-Receiver Arrays
Authors: Wakelin Suzanne , Derstine Matthew W. , Chau Kelvin K. , Cloonan John , Wong James S.
Published: September 2022

Smart pixel systems that utilize a ring architecture to interconnect arrays of optical modulators or emitters have applications in optical memory interconnects, large ATM switches and interconnects between the processors of supercomputers. In this type of system, point to point optical interconnections enable the parallel transfer of arrays of optically encoded data between several device planes organized in a ring topology. One of our primary motivations in developing this architecture is to enable two-dimensional planes of digitally encoded data that is output from a volume optical storage subsystem, to be transferred with high bandwidth to a combination of processors and memories. Many applications utilizing these upcoming high density, high capacity, fast access storage subsystems will combine a number of storage units with multiple heterogenous processing units with high bandwidth, parallel interconnects. We have focused on developing a generic, high bandwidth, free-space parallel interconnect that could be applied to providing interconnections between page-oriented optical memories and both optoelectronic and electronic processors. The advantages of a parallel free-space approach for interconnection of high performance memories are the high spatial bandwidth of the interconnect, similarity of storage and transfer formats, low crosstalk between data channels, electrical isolation and immunity to electrical interference.
Optical PE-Node Interconnection on Massively Parallel Computer RWC-1
Authors: Matsuoka H. , Yokota T. , Sakai S. , Nishimura S. , Yoshikawa T.
Published: September 2022

A massive parallel computer RWC-1 has 1024PE nodes. The PE nodes are connected with a novel network called MDCE (multidimensional directed cycles ensemble) using ECL differential lines. With these conventional electrical interconnection technologies, we have come up against serious implementation problems (edge-board pin limitation, etc.). Adopting optical interconnection technologies, RWC-1 not only breaks through these limitations, it also makes its implementation easy to construct a large scale computer system.
Silicon Spatial Light Modulators for Atmospheric Aberration Compensation
Authors: Grasso Robert J. , Burns Brent E.
Published: September 2022

Silicon Spatial Light Modulators can be used with great effect to compensate for atmospheric induced aberrations that severely limit laser performance. In a program to improve both the beam quality and laser energy delivered to the target, Northrop Grumman has developed a novel linear phase conjugation aberration compensation technique. This technique utilizes a silicon Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) as a dynamic wavefront reversing element to undo aberrations induced by the atmosphere, platform motion, or both. A hologram written to a focal plane array camera (FPA) is transferred, pixel-by-pixel, to the SLM. This hologram, the conjugate of that formed on the FPA contains both intensity and phase information about the intervening atmosphere between the SLM and the target.
Inequalities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Brazilian slum populations: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chan Jasper J. L. , Tran-Nhu Linh , Pitcairn Charlie F. M. , Laverty Anthony A. , Mrejen Matías , Pescarini Julia M. , Hone Thomas V.
Published: September 2022

Background

Social and environmental risk factors in informal settlements and slums may contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study assesses the socioeconomic inequalities in CVD risk factors in Brazil comparing slum and non-slum populations.

Methods

Responses from 94,114 individuals from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey were analysed. The United Nations Human Settlements Programme definition of a slum was used to identify slum inhabitants. Six behavioural risk factors, four metabolic risk factors and doctor-diagnosed CVD were analysed using Poisson regression models adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics.

Results

Compared to urban non-slum inhabitants, slum inhabitants were more likely to: have low (less than five days per week) consumption of fruits (APR: 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07) or vegetables (APR: 1.08, 95%CI 1.05–1.12); drink four or more alcoholic drinks per day (APR: 1.05, 95%CI 1.03–1.06); and be physically active less than 150 minutes per week (APR: 1.03, 95%CI 1.01–1.04). There were no differences in the likelihoods of doctor-diagnosed metabolic risk factors or CVD between the two groups in adjusted models. There was a higher likelihood of behavioural and metabolic risk factors among those with lower education, with lower incomes, and the non-White population.

Conclusions

Brazilians living in slums are at higher risk of behavioural risk factors for CVD, suggesting local environments might impact access to and uptake of healthy behaviours.
Foot arch rigidity in walking: In vivo evidence for the contribution of metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion
Authors: Davis Daniel J. , Challis John H.
Published: September 2022

Human foot rigidity is thought to provide a more effective lever with which to push against the ground. Tension of the plantar aponeurosis (PA) with increased metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint dorsiflexion (i.e., the windlass mechanism) has been credited with providing some of this rigidity. However, there is growing debate on whether MTP joint dorsiflexion indeed increases arch rigidity. Further, the arch can be made more rigid independent of additional MTP joint dorsiflexion (e.g., when walking with added mass). The purpose of the present study was therefore to compare the influence of increased MTP joint dorsiflexion with the influence of added mass on the quasi-stiffness of the midtarsal joint in walking. Participants walked with a rounded wedge under their toes to increase MTP joint dorsiflexion in the toe-wedge condition, and wore a weighted vest with 15% of their body mass in the added mass condition. Plantar aponeurosis behavior, foot joint energetics, and midtarsal joint quasi-stiffness were compared between conditions to analyze the mechanisms and effects of arch rigidity differences. Midtarsal joint quasi-stiffness was increased in the toe-wedge and added mass conditions compared with the control condition (both p < 0.001). In the toe-wedge condition, the time-series profiles of MTP joint dorsiflexion and PA strain and force were increased throughout mid-stance (p < 0.001). When walking with added mass, the time-series profile of force in the PA did not increase compared with the control condition although quasi-stiffness did, supporting previous evidence that the rigidity of the foot can be actively modulated. Finally, more mechanical power was absorbed (p = 0.006) and negative work was performed (p < 0.001) by structures distal to the rearfoot in the toe-wedge condition, a condition which displayed increased midtarsal joint quasi-stiffness. This indicates that a more rigid foot may not necessarily transfer power to the ground more efficiently.
General aspects of tomato culture and phosphate fertilization: a systematic review
Authors: Lopes Sobrinho Oswaldo Palma , Santos Leonardo Nazário Silva dos , Soares Frederico Antonio Loureiro , Cunha Fernando Nobre , Vidal Vitor Marques , Teixeira Marconi Batista
Published: September 2022

O tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is at the top of the ranking among the most consumed vegetables in the world and can be grown in open fields and, mainly, in agricultural greenhouses. Therefore, the adjustment of phosphate fertilizer in its cultivation can influence higher yields, fruit quality and nutritional status. In view of the socioeconomic importance of tomatoes due to their antioxidant properties, bioactive compounds, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and the guarantee of jobs for farmers, this literature review seeks to present a study that provides technical and scientific data on general and the important role of phosphate fertilization in tomato cultivation. The main focus of this study is justified by the absence of studies that analyze the general aspects and the responses of the tomato in function of the water deficit and doses and sources of phosphorus. Through the analysis of secondary data available in the literature related to the theme, there is a difficulty in adjusting the phosphate fertilizer according to the appropriate choice of doses and sources to be applied. Furthermore, as it is a vegetable sensitive to water deficit, fruit yield and quality can be influenced by the amount of water that is applied and the management of irrigation in combination with the correct amount of fertilizer.
Irrigation water salinity and silicon negatively interfere with the physiology and delay the flowering of ornamental sunflowers
Authors: Véras Mario Leno Martins , Sousa Nelto Almeida de , Araujo Fernanda Ferreira de , Batista Diego Silva , Dias Thiago Jardelino
Published: September 2022

Although silicon is considered a non-essential element for plants, its application can mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the physiological and flowering responses of ornamentalsunflower depending on the application of silicon and irrigation with saline water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with six replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, referring to four electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5; 1.5; 2.5 and 3.5 dS m-1 and silicon doses: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, with potassium silicate as the source. The following were evaluated: internal carbon concentration, transpiration, rate of liquid photosynthesis, instant efficiency of carboxylation, leaf indexes of chlorophyll a, b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, total chlorophyll, external and internal diameter of the chapter, number of petals, appearance of floral bud, beginning of flowering and full opening of the floral bud. Salinity negatively affects photosynthetic activity and flowering of ornamental sunflower plants, so that plants irrigated with saline water (3.5 dS m-1) delayed the appearance of the flower bud, the flowering index and the total opening of the floral button. The application of silicon in ornamental sunflower plants is not effective to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity on the plant’s physiology. In addition, the addition of silicon is also not able to repair the losses in terms of flowering caused by salt stress in the species.
Outcrossing and heterozygosity rates in tropical onion populations
Authors: Fernandes Santos Carlos Antonio , Souza Alves Ítala Layanne de
Published: September 2022

Outcrossing and heterogosity rates are important for defining genetic conservation and breeding strategies, and these estimates are quite rare to onion. The aim of this study was to estimate cross-pollination and heterozygosity rates in tropical onion populations to guide development of new varieties. Eight tropical onion pairs were field isolated to be open pollination by insects. Parents vernalized bulbs were used for pair crossing, in alternate rows, 1:1. Seeds were harvested from the female parent to assess the progenies outcrossing and heterogigosity rates based on color of the red bulb, partially dominant over yellow, and four microsatellite loci. The outcrossing rates estimated with morphological marker, in the ‘BRS Rio Vale’ × ‘BRS Carrancas’, ‘Botucatu’ × ‘BRS Carrancas’, ‘IPA 11’ × ‘IPA 10’ and ‘BRS Alfa São Francisco’ × ‘IPA10’ crosses, ranged from 15% to 39%, with an average of 28.2%, while with microsatellite loci, in the ‘BRS Alfa São Francisco’×’IPA 11’, ‘Alfa SF RT’ × ‘BRS A. São Francisco’, ‘BRS Rio Vale’ × ‘Botucatu’ and ‘Cascuda T6’ × ‘Botucatu’ crosses, ranged from 33% to 71%, with an average of 42.7%, indicating a mixture of cross-pollination and self-pollination within progenies. The average values ​​of heterozygosity in the eight populations ranged from 0.82 to 1.0, indicating the possibility of developing open pollinated onion varieties with greater adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Phenotypic plasticity of Aloysia citrodora: anatomical changes to water availability and seasons
Authors: Thiesen Leonardo Antonio , Pinheiro Marcos Vinícius Marques , Holz Evandro , Werner Anderson , Eloy Elder , Caron Braulio Otomar , Schmidt Denise
Published: September 2022

The objective was to evaluate the anatomical changes of the leaves of Aloysia citrodora submitted to different water availability during the seasons. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design, bifactorial 4x4, with four seasonal factors (autumn, winter, spring, and summer) and simulations of water availability (25, 50, 75 and 100% of field capacity) with four repetitions. They were evaluated in μm: the thickness of the adaxial and abaxial cuticles, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, palisade and lacunous parenchyma, mesophyll and leaf thickness of the transversal section and the mesophyll and thickness of the main rib and the length and width of the vascular system. In the autumn season, there was a reduction in the width of the vascular system and the thickness of the adaxial cuticle under greater water availability. In winter and under low water availability, there was a reduction in the thickness of the cuticle and adaxial epidermis, lacunous parenchyma, mesophyll and leaf thickness, mesophyll and main rib thickness. In the spring with greater water availability increased in the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, mesophyll and thickness of the main rib, and length of the vascular system; and low water availability provided the greater thickness of the adaxial cuticle, palisade parenchyma, and leaf thickness. In the summer season with the greatest water availability, there was an increase in leaf thickness and adaxial cuticle and a reduction in palisade parenchyma, while low water availability increased the thickness of leaf mesophyll.
Production of Acalypha wilkesiana seedlings using stem cuttings
Authors: Fernandes Sarkis Leonardo , Fernandes Guareschi Roni , Almeida dos Santos Camila , Sebastião de Paula Araujo João , Dos Santos Rosa de Oliveira Víctor , Cândido da Silva Rodrigues Gustavo
Published: September 2022

The objective of this work was to evaluate the rooting of cuttings of Acalifa (Acalypha Wilkesiana) with different concentrations of indolbutyric acid (IBA). The matrix plant from which the cuttings were taken, is planted as a hedge and located at the biology institute of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro in the city of Seropédica-RJ. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3x3 factorial, with three different concentrations of IBA (0, 1000 and 2000 mg L-1 or 0, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1 for 15 seconds) and three types of cuttings (herbaceous, semi-woody and woody), with three replications and ten cuttings per plot. The experiments were carried out at two different times, namely: autumn and winter / spring. The following were evaluated: percentage of live cuttings, rooted, with callus and sprouting, number of roots per cut, length of the largest root. Acalypha wilkesiana can be propagated by stem cuttings, whether woody, semi-woody or herbaceous cuttings. However, herbaceous cuttings have a lower percentage of survival and rooting. Also, is a species of easy rooting through cutting of stems, dispensing with the use of AIB. Stems collected in the autumn period yield greater efficiency and productivity in the propagation of cuttings by cuttings.
Performance of pine cone seedlings in different doses of phosphate fertilizing
Authors: Carvalho Jullyanna Nair de , Silva Carvalho Júnia Naara da , Carvalho Pollyanna Aparecida de , Basílio Letícia Silva Pereira , Lima Augusto Miguel Nascimento , Pio Rafael
Published: September 2022

Adding phosphorus in the composition of the substrate for the seedlings production contributes to a faster growth of seedlings, increases the resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, also improves the efficiency in the use of nutrients and water in many vegetal species. The objective  of  this  research  was  to  evaluate  the  vegetative  growth and quality of Annona squamosa L. seedlings, propagated by seeds, regarding the application of single superphosphate in enriched sugarcane bagasse substrate. The completely randomized design consisted of six treatments arranged according to the following application doses (0; 0.75; 1.5; 2.25; 3.0 and 3.75 kg), using the single superphosphate in substrate, with four replicates per treatment. At 120 days after sowing, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, ratio between shoot dry mass and root dry mass, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and Dickson’s Quality Index were evaluated. The maximum growth of the pine cone plants were noted when added single superphosphate to the substrate in doses ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 kg.m-3. The phosphate fertilizer favored the growth especially of the roots and leaf area and improved the quality of pine cone seedlings.
Postharvest control of anthracnose in avocado with cassava starch and corn starch films
Authors: Soares de Freitas Aurivan , Maria Gilmara de Oliveira Soares  , Vieira Barros Aline , Leticia da Silveira Amanda , Sarah Costa Silva Sarah , Alves Eduardo
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cassava starch and corn starch films on the control of anthracnose in avocado. The fruits were inoculated with conidia suspension and were then immersed in solutions with cassava starch and corn starch alone or in combination at concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4% under curative and preventive methods. The variables analysed included mean damaged area, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and fruit fresh weight. Under the curative method, the mean damaged area and AUDPC were reduced in fruits treated with 1% and 4% cassava starch and 1% corn starch. Under the preventive method, fruits treated with 2% cassava starch or 2% corn starch alone resulted in reduced mean damaged area and AUDPC. The combinations of cassava starch and corn starch at 2, 3, and 4% were effective in reducing the mean damaged area and AUDPC under curative control. Under the preventive method, the combinations of cassava starch and corn starch at 2 and 3% reduced the AUDPC, and the mean damaged area was decreased with both starches at 3%. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a layer of protective film on the fruit's surface that probably prevented the pathogen from penetrating. In addition, there was deformation of hyphae promoted by the action of the films.
Production of cucumber cultivars according to the accumulated thermal sum
Authors: Diel Maria Inês , Dal'Col Lúcio Alessandro , Tartaglia Francieli , Tischler André , De Melo Patricia Jesus , Lambrecht Darlei , Zemolin João , Marques Lucas
Published: September 2022

Cucumber is a species appreciated in cooking, in addition to providing various nutrients for health. In view of this, it is important that research on its growth is carried out, prioritizing statistical analyzes that effectively demonstrate the results. The objective was to verify the differences by analyzing of the variance and nonlinear models, in addition to characterizing the production, early production and production rate of cultivars of cucumber using of nonlinear models. An experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), with three cultivars (‘Atlantico’, ‘Caipira’ and ‘Fuyu’) in six replications. Two types of analysis of variance were performed for the variable mass of cucumber fruits. In the first the RBD design was considered with three cultivars and six replications and in the second the RBD design was considered in a split subdivided over time (cultivars x harvests). Afterwards, the Logistic growth model was adjusted for the fruit mass variable as a function of accumulated thermal sum, and determination of the critical points of the model. The use of nonlinear models to evaluate experiments with cultures of multiple harvests has advantages in relation to anova and complementary tests. The cultivar ‘Fuyu’, has higher productivity compared to the cultivars ‘Atlantico’ and ‘Caipira’, in addition to presenting greater precocity and production rate. The adjustment of the logistic model and its critical points allowed to identify the production, precocity and production rate of the evaluated cultivars of the cucumber.
Yield and postharvest quality of 'common' arrowroot plants subjected to biofertilization
Authors: Sousa Costa Antonia Thayna Sousa Costa , Medeiros Borges Francisca Robevania , Marinho Albanise Barbosa , Fáusia da Verónica Eduardo Pafo  , Ana Kesya Bernardo Lima  , De Araújo Máx César
Published: September 2022

A araruta ( Maranta Arundinaceae L.) é uma hortaliça não convencional com grande potencial econômico, mas pouco conhecimento quanto à sua nutrição mineral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e a pós-colheita de araruta 'comum' submetida a diferentes fontes e doses de fertilizantes orgânicos. O experimento em parcelas subdivididas foi disposto em quatro blocos de duas parcelas principais, cada uma dividida em cinco subparcelas. As fontes de fertilizantes (esterco bovino e ovino) foram aplicadas nas parcelas principais, sendo cinco doses de cada fertilizante líquido (0; 300; 600; 900 e 1.200 mL planta -1 semana -1) foram aplicados às subparcelas. Número de rizomas (NR), massa fresca dos rizomas (FMR), massa seca dos rizomas (DMR), peso médio do rizoma (ARW), rendimento do rizoma (RY), comprimento do rizoma (RL) e diâmetro do rizoma (RD) foram medidos . Melhores resultados para RY, FMR e RL de plantas de araruta 'comum' foram observados para o biofertilizante bovino em comparação com o biofertilizante ovino. Doses de fertilizantes variando de 737 a 1.200 mL planta -1 semana -1 são recomendadas para maximizar o rendimento e a qualidade pós-colheita da araruta 'comum'. RY de 212,51 t ha -1 e 207,1 th -1 foram obtidos quando 1.200 mL planta -1 semana -1 de esterco bovino e ovino foram aplicados em plantas de araruta cultivadas em vasos, respectivamente.
Germinação de sementes de Aristolochia elegans Mast. em diferentes temperaturas e concentrações de giberelina
Authors: Guariz Hugo Roldi , Shimizu Gabriel Danilo , Menegon Castilho Ítala , Paula Jean Carlo Baudraz , Junior Ribeiro Walter Aparecido , Sperandio Huezer Viganô
Published: September 2022

Aristolochia elegans é uma planta muito apreciada por seus atrativos paisagísticos, sendo amplamente utilizada como espécie ornamental, porém, informações sobre o seu comportamento germinativo são escassas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas e concentrações de giberelina na germinação de sementes de A. elegans. As sementes foram imersas em solução de giberelina nas concentrações de 100, 200 e 300 mg L-1, posteriormente foram semeadas sobre papel mata-borrão e transferidas para os germinadores com temperaturas constantes de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC. Não houve efeito de interação ou efeito isolado de giberelina, apenas efeito isolado da temperatura em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Para a germinação, a curva obteve uma resposta máxima na temperatura estimada em 29,14˚C, com 75% de germinação e a temperatura mínima estimada em 16,9˚C. A velocidade média de germinação cresceu com a elevação da temperatura até um máximo de 29ºC, e em temperaturas acima desse valor, a velocidade diminuiu. Conclui-se que a temperatura aproximada de 29,4˚C permite a melhor germinação, enquanto temperatura abaixo de 16,9˚C, temperatura mínima estimada, não ocorre a germinação das sementes e que não há efeito da giberelina nos parâmetros de germinação quando aplicadas doses entre 100 e 300 mg L-1.
Physical-Chemical characteristics of alternative substrates and fertilization on the growth and quality of Spondias macrocarpa seedlings
Authors: José Smiderle Oscar , Das Graças Souza Aline , Diogo dos Reis Nilmar , Severino da Costa Jaqueline , Souza Pereira Gabriel
Published: September 2022

The objectives were to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of different substrates, and assess the influence of different substrates, with and without the addition of controlled-release fertilizer, on the growth and morphological quality of taperebá (Spondias macrocarpa) seedlings. The experimental design adopted was a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with the presence and absence of 8.0 g L-1 of encapsulated controlled-release fertilizer and six substrates [Sub1= soil; Sub2= soil + carbonized rice husk (2:1 v/v); Sub3= soil + organic compos (2:1 v/v); Sub4= soil + carbonized rice husk + organic compost (1:1:1); Sub5= soil + carbonized rice husk + organic compost (2:1:1); Sub 6= soil + carbonized rice husk + organic compost (2:2:1)], with five replicates, composed of 10 seedlings (one in each container). Formulations of substrates containing soil + carbonized rice husk + organic compost (1:1:1) and soil + organic compost (2:1 v/v) had total porosity ranging from 0.88 to 0.91 m3 m-3, aeration space from 0.33 to 0.35 m3 m-3 and available water from 0.27 to 0.29 m3 m-3, hence being suitable to obtain taperebá seedlings with superior quality. The substrate Cerrado soil (Sub1) is not viable for the production of taperebá seedlings, since it has acidic pH, an undesirable chemical characteristic for the cultivation of this species. Incorporation of controlled-release fertilizer into the substrates used in the present study led to better morphological characteristics, so it is indicated as an input for fertilization in the initial stage of growth of taperebá seedlings.
Vermiculite and shading in the formation of 'Rangpur' lime rootstock
Authors: Andreon Viçosi Karen , Lopes José Carlos , De Oliveira Garcia Giovanni , Muniz de Lima Paula Aparecida , Oliveira Baptista Julcinara , Alexandre Sobreira Rodrigo
Published: September 2022

‘Rangpur’ lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck cv. Cravo) is widely used as a rootstock for citrus seedlings, although factors such as luminosity and substrate composition are extremely important to obtain quality seedlings. The objective of this study was to analyze the formation of ‘Rangpur’ lime seedlings grown in different substrates and luminosities. A 3x4 factorial arrangement was used in an RBD with four replications of twelve plants. Three luminosities (full sun, 35%, and 70% shading) and four substrate: vermiculite proportions were tested (S1-1: 0, S2-2: 1, S3-1: 2, and S4-0: 1). The seeds were sown in 280 cm3 tubes and emergence was evaluated every two days for 30 days, and biometric assessments at 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAE by measuring the height, diameter, leaves, and mortality. Root length and shoot and root dry mass were measured at 30 and 120 days. Seeds in full sun showed high ESI values and a shorter time period, as well as high mortality at 120 DAE. Highly shaded environments cause etiolation and reduce biomass accumulation and the DQI. Seeds in S4 showed lower results for most variables. It is recommended to use 35% shading associated with the substrate proportions S1, S2, and S3.