bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Синтез методом молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии и свойства наноструктур InGaN разветвленной морфологии на кремниевой подложке
Authors: Резник Р.Р. , Котляр К.П. , Крыжановская Н.В. , Морозов С.В. , Цырлин Г.Э.
Published: October 2019

A possibility of InGaN «nanoflowers» MBE growth on Si substrate has been demonstrated. The results of morphological studies have shown that InGaN synthesis occurs in several stages even at constant substrate temperature. The grown structures show wide photoluminescence spectrum in the range from 450 to 950 nm at room temperature.
Микротвердость и трещиностойкость оксида галлия
Authors: Николаев В.И. , Чикиряка А.В. , Гузилова Л.И. , Печников А.И.
Published: October 2019

The microhardness and the fracture toughness of two main polytypes of gallium oxide (a metastable α-Ga2O3 and thermodynamically stable high-temperature β-Ga2O3 phase) have been investigated. The measurements were carried out by the Vickers hardness test method. This is the first attempt to compare the mechanical properties of various polytypes of gallium oxide.
Влияние потока низкотемпературной плазмы азота на морфологию, электрические и УФ-проводящие свойства пленок ZnO на сапфире
Authors: Гаджиев М.Х. , Тюфтяев А.С. , Муслимов А.Э. , Каневский В.М. , Исмаилов А.М. , Бабаев В.А.
Published: October 2019

Results of investigation of highly enthalpy low-temperature nitrogen plasma flow effect are generated by DC plasmatron on morphology, electric and UV-photoconductive properties of ZnO films on sapphire are given. It has been shown that the resistance of the ZnO films after treatment with nitrogen plasma grows 10(4) times and they exhibit a distinct response to ultraviolet illumination. UV current photosensitivity and current contrast of samples at 6 V had values on the order of 3.6 x 10-5 A/W and 16, respectively. Photocurrent rise and fall time ~ 0.45 s.
Влияние времени нарастания напряжения на переходные процессы при токовой перегрузке в стабилизированных ВТСП-проводах второго поколения
Authors: Мальгинов В.А.
Published: October 2019

The effect of spontaneous reverse transition of the stable HTSC tape from the normal to the resistive state with rapid input voltage and current overload at alternating current is detected. For the first time it is established that during the occurrence of this effect and at the thickness of the stabilizer above 13 µm, the main heat releases occur in the copper stabilizer and are effectively discharged into the refrigerant, which significantly reduces the heating of the HTSC layer. In this case, the resistance of the secondary resistive state decreases and the time of its existence increases. These data make it possible to use the detected effect to increase the time of current limitation and reliability of HTSC current limiters.
Спектральный сдвиг излучения квантово-каскадного лазера под действием управляющего напряжения
Authors: Бабичев А.В. , Пашнев Д.А. , Гладышев А.Г. , Курочкин А.С. , Колодезный Е.С. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Новиков И.И. , Денисов Д.В. , Boulley L. , Фирсов Д.А. , Воробьев Л.Е. , Пихтин Н.А. , Bousseksou A. , Егоров А.Ю.
Published: October 2019

The generation of radiation in 7-8 μm spectral range quantum-cascade lasers with the design of the active region based on a two-phonon resonance design is demonstrated. The wavelength of radiation tuning range under the action of the control voltage was 35 cm-1. The heterostructure of a quantum-cascade laser was grown by molecular beam epitaxy based on a In0.53Ga0.47As/Al0.48In0.52As heteropair, matched by lattice parameter with an InP substrate, and InP layers, which functioned as waveguide claddings.
Разработка алгоритмов сегментации в голографической микроскопии и томографии для определения морфологических параметров клеток
Authors: Белашов А.В. , Горбенко Д.А. , Жихорева А.А. , Беляева Т.Н. , Корнилова Е.С. , Семенова И.В. , Васютинский О.С.
Published: October 2019

The paper presents development of cell segmentation algorithms on two-dimensional phase images and three-dimensional refractive index distributions obtained, respectively, by means of digital holographic microscopy and tomography. The algorithms were optimized for measurements of cells morphological parameters: volume, projected area and membrane area. The developed segmentation algorithms were validated and volume calculation error was estimated by comparison with the values obtained using confocal fluorescence tomography.
Магнитострикция через магнитоэлектричество: использование магнитоэлектрического отклика для определения магнитострикционных характеристик композиционных мультиферроиков
Authors: Филиппов Д.А. , Лалетин В.М. , Поддубная Н.Н. , Shvartsman V.V. , Lupascu D.C. , Zhang J. , Srinivasan G.
Published: October 2019

A new way for determining the magnetostriction characteristics of a composite multiferroics using the magnetoelectric response of the structure is proposed. It is shown that integral from the field dependency of linear magnetoelectric coefficient is the magnetostriction characteristic of the structure. The results of an experimental study of the physical properties of bulk composites based on lead zirconate titanate and ferrite-nickel spinel are presented. Based on the field dependence of the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient, magnetostriction curves of composite structures with a content of ferrospinel of 10–70% were obtained.
Динамический хаос в нелинейной системе с 1/f-спектром
Authors: Коверда В.П. , Скоков В.Н.
Published: October 2019

In the system of two nonlinear differential equations, proposed to explain the physical nature of the 1/f spectra, chaotization of the trajectories is revealed under periodic external action on one of the equations. External noise effects lead to stochastic resonance and low-frequency 1/f behavior of power spectra. Stochastic resonance and 1/f behavior of power spectra corresponds to the maximum information entropy, which indicates the stability of a random process.
Влияние термообработки на упругие и микропластические свойства ультрамелкозернистого титана с разным содержанием примесей
Authors: Кардашев Б.К. , Нарыкова М.В. , Бетехтин В.И. , Кадомцев А.Г. , Токмачева-Колобова А.Ю.
Published: October 2019

The effect of elevated temperatures on elastic and microplastic properties of ultrafine-grained titanium prepared by severe plastic deformation is discussed. Three sets of a-titanium VT1-0, Grade-4 and PT3-V which differ each other in polycrystal structure and impurity content were investigated. As experiments show, significant changes in grain sizes, elastic and microplastic properties were observed only for the purest titanium VT1-0. The thermal stability of other sets of titanium (Grade-4 and PT3-V) was found to be better; it is explained by higher impurity content in these materials.
Legal effect of premarital medical examination
Authors: Kareem Bokan Abubakr
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on the legal impact of conducting a medical examination prior to the conclusion of a marriage contract in court. As provided for in Article 10, paragraph 2, of the amended Iraqi Personal Status Law, Without stating whether the result of the examination showed that one of the parties became ill or the authority of the judge to conclude the marriage contract without him, in this case, although these tests contribute to the protection of the health of individuals and build a family on sound health grounds, it may result Relationship Whether in the marital engagement stage or after the conclusion of the contract and this is what we are trying to highlight it in this study.
The Nature of International Responsibility of States in the Contemporary World Arena
Authors: Abdullah Dawan Mohammed Jaza
Published: October 2019

The subject of state responsibility occupies a central place in international law. Its basic principle, now well established, provides that every internationally wrongful act entails the responsibility of the state. One of the most controversial problems regarding the international responsibility of the state for wrongful acts concerns the nature of such responsibility.  The present paper examines the nature of state responsibility for international wrongful acts under existing international law. It takes the view that the International Law Commission (ILC), in its Draft Articles on State Responsibility can be applied in case of breach of any international obligations by states because there is no international convention regarding state responsibility on the international plane. Finally, the study concludes that the identification of the nature of the state responsibility seems to be much more complicated since ILC’s Articles do not explicitly address the issue of whether responsibility of state for wrongful act or omission is strict liability (objective theory) or there must be some fault (subjective theory) in the conduct of state in order to hold responsibility; customary international law to some extent does not help in filling the gap exists in ILC’s Draft Articles on state responsibility with regard to objective and subjective theories because  it supports both theories.
Trend of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Jordan From 2010 to 2016: Retrospective Study
Authors: Alhawarat Mohammad , Khader Yousef , Shadfan Bassam , Kaplan Nasser , Iblan Ibrahim
Published: October 2019

Background

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in the Middle East, with countries such as Syria reporting high incidence rates.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the trends in the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Jordan from 2010 to 2016.

Methods

This retrospective study included all cases of CL that had been reported to the Leishmaniasis Surveillance System in the Department of Communicable Diseases at the Jordan Ministry of Health during the period from 2010 to 2016. A total of 1243 cases were reported and met the case definition.

Results

A total of 1243 cases (60.65% [754/1243] males and 39.34% [489/1243] females) were diagnosed during the study period. Of this sample, 233 patients (19.13%) were aged <5 years old, 451 (37.03%) were aged between 5-14 years old, 190 (15.60%) were aged between 15-24 years old, and 344 (28.24%) were aged ≥25 years old. Of those, 646 (51.97%) were Jordanians and 559 (44.97%) were Syrians. The average annual incidence rate of 1.70 per 100,000 people between 2010 and 2013 increased to 3.00 per 100,000 people in the years 2014 to 2016. There was no difference in incidence rates between Jordanians and Syrian refugees between 2010 and 2012. After 2012, the incidence rate increased significantly among Syrian refugees from 1.20 per 100,000 people in 2012 to 11.80 per 100,000 people in 2016. On the contrary, the incidence rate did not change significantly among Jordanians.

Conclusions

The incidence rate of leishmaniasis in Jordan has increased in the last three years because of the influx of Syrian refugees into Jordan. A massive effort toward reservoir and vector control, along with actively pursuing diagnosis in endemic foci, will be helpful. Proper and studious reporting of cases is also a necessity for the eradication of this disease.
Web-Based Technology to Improve Disease Knowledge Among Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease: Pilot Study
Authors: Saulsberry Anjelica C , Hodges Jason R , Cole Audrey , Porter Jerlym S , Hankins Jane
Published: October 2019

Background

Advancements in treatment have contributed to increased survivorship among children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Increased transition readiness, encompassing disease knowledge and self-management skills before transfer to adult care, is necessary to ensure optimal health outcomes. The Sickle Cell Transition E-Learning Program (STEP) is a public, Web-based, 6-module tool designed to increase transition readiness for youth with SCD.

Objective

The objective of our study was to investigate the participation rate of youth with SCD in STEP and its association with transition readiness.

Methods

This was a single-center, Institution Review Board–approved, retrospective cohort review. A total of 183 youths with SCD, aged between 12 and 15 years, were offered STEP as an adjunct to in-clinic disease education sessions. Participation rate (number of patients who used at least one STEP module divided by those approached) was calculated. The association among the number of STEP modules completed, disease knowledge, and self-management was explored.

Results

Overall, 53 of the 183 approached adolescents completed at least one STEP module, yielding a participation rate in STEP of 29.0%. Of the 53 participants, 37 and 39 adolescents had disease knowledge and self-management confidence rating available, respectively. A positive correlation (r=0.47) was found between the number of STEP modules completed and disease knowledge scores (P=.003). No association was found between the number of modules completed and self-management confidence ratings. Disease knowledge scores were significantly higher among participants who completed ≥3 STEP modules compared with those who completed <3 STEP modules (U=149.00; P=.007).

Conclusions

Improvement in disease knowledge in adolescence is critical to ensure the youth’s ability to self-care during the period of transition to adult care. Despite low participation, the cumulative exposure to the STEP program suggested greater promotion of disease knowledge among adolescents with SCD before transfer to adult care.
Evaluation of Patterns of Presentation, Practice, and Outcomes of Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer: Protocol for an Observational, International, Multicenter, Cohort Study by the Clinical Research Office of the Endourology Society
Authors: Baard Joyce , Celebi Merve , de la Rosette Jean , Alcaraz Antonio , Shariat Shahrokh , Cormio Luigi , Cavadas Vítor , Laguna M Pilar
Published: October 2019

Background

Available guidelines on the management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are restricted due to the lack of strong evidence–based recommendations. Adequate, well-powered randomized trials are missing due to the rarity of the disease. To overcome this problem, we need alternative study designs to provide generalizable data.

Objective

The primary aim of this registry is to provide a real-world overview on patterns of presentation and management of UTUC. Secondary objectives include comparison of outcomes of different treatments and tumor stages and evaluation of compliance with the current European Association of Urology recommendations for UTUC.

Methods

For this observational, international, multicenter, cohort study, clinical data of consecutive patients suspected of having UTUC, irrespective of type of management, will be prospectively collected up to 5 years after inclusion. Data on the patterns of presentation, diagnostics, and treatment as well as short-, mid-, and long-term oncological and functional outcomes will be analyzed. Possible associations between variables, basal characteristics, and outcomes will be tested by multivariable analyses. The methodology will address potential sources of bias and confounders.

Results

The registry was initiated in November 2014 after obtaining institutional review board approval. Data collection started in December 2014. At the time of submission of this manuscript, 2451 patients from 125 centers from 37 countries were included. Inclusion of patients will be closed 5 years after initiation of the registry. Quality checks will be performed centrally with continuous communication and feedback with the centers to ensure accuracy. The first results are expected in the first trimester of 2020.

Conclusions

This large observational prospective cohort will generate landmark “real-world” data and hypotheses for further studies. We expect these data to optimize the management of UTUC, provide insights on harms and benefits of treatment, and serve as quality control.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02281188; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02281188.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/15363
Learning to Read by Learning to Write: Evaluation of a Serious Game to Foster Business Process Model Comprehension
Authors: Winter Michael , Pryss Rüdiger , Probst Thomas , Reichert Manfred
Published: October 2019

Background

The management and comprehension of business process models are of utmost importance for almost any enterprise. To foster the comprehension of such models, this paper has incorporated the idea of a serious game called Tales of Knightly Process.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether the serious game has a positive, immediate, and follow-up impact on process model comprehension.

Methods

A total of two studies with 81 and 64 participants each were conducted. Within the two studies, participants were assigned to a game group and a control group (ie, study 1), and a follow-up game group and a follow-up control group (ie, study 2). A total of four weeks separated study 1 and study 2. In both studies, participants had to answer ten comprehension questions on five different process models. Note that, in study 1, participants in the game group played the serious game before they answered the comprehension questions to evaluate the impact of the game on process model comprehension.

Results

In study 1, inferential statistics (analysis of variance) revealed that participants in the game group showed a better immediate performance compared to control group participants (P<.001). A Hedges g of 0.77 also indicated a medium to large effect size. In study 2, follow-up game group participants showed a better performance compared to participants from the follow-up control group (P=.01); here, a Hedges g of 0.82 implied a large effect size. Finally, in both studies, analyses indicated that complex process models are more difficult to comprehend (study 1: P<.001; study 2: P<.001).

Conclusions

Participants who played the serious game showed better performance in the comprehension of process models when comparing both studies.
Using 360-Degree Video as a Research Stimulus in Digital Health Studies: Lessons Learned
Authors: Zulkiewicz Brittany A , Boudewyns Vanessa , Gupta Catherine , Kirschenbaum Ari , Lewis Megan A
Published: October 2019

Due to the accessibility of omnidirectional cameras to record 360-degree videos and the technology to view the videos via mobile phones and other devices, 360-degree videos are being used more frequently to place people in different contexts and convey health-related information. Increasingly, 360-degree videos are being employed in health marketing because they have the potential to enhance health-related attitudes and behaviors. As a case study on how this technology may be used for health-related information and its effect on health care providers, we created a 360-degree video that portrays the experience of a migraine sufferer to be used as a stimulus in an online study. We describe the challenges and lessons learned in designing and implementing a 360-degree video as part of an online experiment focused on inducing empathy among clinicians for understanding patient experience. Given the rapid change in digital technology, future research can use this knowledge to design and implement 360-degree video studies more effectively.
A Stimulated Recall Method for the Improved Assessment of Quantity and Quality of Social Media Use
Authors: Griffioen Nastasia , Van Rooij Marieke M J W , Lichtwarck-Aschoff Anna , Granic Isabela
Published: October 2019

Background

Social media are as popular as ever, and concerns regarding the effects of social media use on adolescent well-being and mental health have sparked many scientific studies into use effects. Social media research is currently at an important crossroads: conflicting results on social media use’s effects on well-being are abundant, and recent work in the field suggests that a new approach is required. The field is in need of an approach involving objective data regarding use where necessary and attention to different kinds of detail such as the why and how of social media use.

Objective

We present a novel paradigm implementing a principle from educational sciences called stimulated recall and demonstrate how it can be applied to social media use research. Our stimulated recall paradigm implements a number of elements that can fill the gaps currently present in social media and well-being research.

Methods

Objective data are collected regarding users’ social media behaviors through video footage and in-phone data and used for a structured stimulated recall interview to facilitate detailed and context-sensitive processing of these objective data. In this interview, objective data are reviewed with the participant in an act of co-research, in which details such as the reasons for their use (eg, boredom) and processes surrounding their use (eg, with whom) are discussed and visualized in a stimulated recall chart.

Results

Our ongoing study (N=53) implementing this paradigm suggests this method is experienced as pleasant by participants in spite of its personal and intensive nature.

Conclusions

The stimulated recall paradigm offers interesting and necessary avenues for approaching social media use research from new angles, addressing aspects of use that have thus far remained underexposed. The answers to questions such as “Why do adolescents use social media?” “In what ways exactly do they use social media?” and “How does social media use make them feel in the moment?” are now within reach, an important step forward in the field of social media use and well-being research.
Wirelessly Observed Therapy to Optimize Adherence and Target Interventions for Oral Hepatitis C Treatment: Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Bonacini Maurizio , Kim Yoona , Pitney Caroline , McKoin Lee , Tran Melody , Landis Charles
Published: October 2019

Background

A fixed-dose combination of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) is efficacious in treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, objective adherence to prescribed regimens in real-world clinical settings has not been well studied.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate adherence and virologic outcomes in patients with chronic HCV infection treated with LDV/SOF using a novel digital medicine program that directly measures drug ingestion adherence.

Methods

This prospective, observational, open-label, single-arm pilot study was conducted at 2 clinical research sites and followed patients with HCV infection who were prescribed LDV/SOF along with an ingestible sensor. Patients were treated for 8 or 12 weeks. The main outcomes were ingestion adherence, medical interventions, virologic response, safety, and patient satisfaction.

Results

Of the 28 patients (mean 59 years, SD 7), 61% (17/28) were male, 61% (17/28) were non-Caucasian, and 93% (26/28) were treatment naïve. All 28 had genotype 1 HCV, and of these, 27 completed an 8- or 12-week treatment. Patients used the digital medicine program for 92% of the expected days; the overall mean ingestion adherence rate was 97%. Providers used the digital medicine program data for same-day medication therapy management in 39% (11/28) of patients. End-of-treatment response was achieved in all the available 21 of 28 patients. Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks or more was achieved in 26 of 28 patients; of the 2 patients who relapsed, one had less than 90% adherence and the other had greater than or equal to 95% adherence, lending insights into reasons for treatment failure. A total of 4 subjects reported nonserious adverse events, which were resolved.

Conclusions

Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that digital medicines can be used for wirelessly observed therapy to support adherence to antiviral HCV therapy, reduce unnecessary medication wastage and retreatment costs, and potentially optimize sustained virologic response rates, especially in populations at high risk for nonadherence.
Impact of Removing Nonprescription Codeine in Australia: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: McCoy Jacqui , Nielsen Suzanne , Bruno Raimondo
Published: October 2019

Background

On February 1, 2018, Australia rescheduled codeine to a prescription-only medication. Many concerns were associated with this change, including increased financial costs, reduced service accessibility, the potential for poorer pain management, and a decline in physical and mental health if codeine could not be accessed. In the research literature, there is limited knowledge about the long-term consequences of rescheduling pharmaceutical opioids and, as Australia has followed many countries in implementing a restriction on codeine, further study of these consequences is critical.

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine the impact of rescheduling codeine from an over-the-counter (OTC) product to a prescription-only medicine on the primary measures of codeine use and dependence in a prospective cohort of people who are frequent consumers of OTC codeine. Secondary measures included pain and self-efficacy, health service use, and mental health.

Methods

The Codeine Cohort study aimed to recruit 300 participants in Australia who regularly (at least a few times per week for the past 6 months) used OTC codeine. Using an online survey, participants were followed up at three time points (February 2018, June 2018, and February 2019) after codeine was rescheduled.

Results

All four waves of data collection are complete, with the final round of data collection finalized in August 2019. Data analyses are yet to be completed. Information on demographics, codeine use and dependence, physical and mental health, medication use, and health service use will be analyzed using mixed models.

Conclusions

Results of this study will provide insight into the effectiveness of regulatory restriction in curtailing nonmedical use of and harms associated with codeine. Additionally, results will explore positive and negative outcomes of codeine rescheduling for individual patients, which informs health professionals who support patients who use codeine and further community education.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/15540
Clinically Meaningful Use of Mental Health Apps and its Effects on Depression: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Zhang Renwen , Nicholas Jennifer , Knapp Ashley A , Graham Andrea K , Gray Elizabeth , Kwasny Mary J , Reddy Madhu , Mohr David C
Published: October 2019

Background

User engagement is key to the effectiveness of digital mental health interventions. Considerable research has examined the clinical outcomes of overall engagement with mental health apps (eg, frequency and duration of app use). However, few studies have examined how specific app use behaviors can drive change in outcomes. Understanding the clinical outcomes of more nuanced app use could inform the design of mental health apps that are more clinically effective to users.

Objective

This study aimed to classify user behaviors in a suite of mental health apps and examine how different types of app use are related to depression and anxiety outcomes. We also compare the clinical outcomes of specific types of app use with those of generic app use (ie, intensity and duration of app use) to understand what aspects of app use may drive symptom improvement.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of system use data from an 8-week randomized trial of a suite of 13 mental health apps. We categorized app use behaviors through a mixed methods analysis combining qualitative content analysis and principal component analysis. Regression analyses were used to assess the association between app use and levels of depression and anxiety at the end of treatment.

Results

A total of 3 distinct clusters of app use behaviors were identified: learning, goal setting, and self-tracking. Each specific behavior had varied effects on outcomes. Participants who engaged in self-tracking experienced reduced depression symptoms, and those who engaged with learning and goal setting at a moderate level (ie, not too much or not too little) also had an improvement in depression. Notably, the combination of these 3 types of behaviors, what we termed “clinically meaningful use,” accounted for roughly the same amount of variance as explained by the overall intensity of app use (ie, total number of app use sessions). This suggests that our categorization of app use behaviors succeeded in capturing app use associated with better outcomes. However, anxiety outcomes were neither associated with specific behaviors nor generic app use.

Conclusions

This study presents the first granular examination of user interactions with mental health apps and their effects on mental health outcomes. It has important implications for the design of mobile health interventions that aim to achieve greater user engagement and improved clinical efficacy.
Health Effects Associated With Electronic Cigarette Use: Automated Mining of Online Forums
Authors: Hua My , Sadah Shouq , Hristidis Vagelis , Talbot Prue
Published: October 2019

Background

Our previous infodemiological study was performed by manually mining health-effect data associated with electronic cigarettes (ECs) from online forums. Manual mining is time consuming and limits the number of posts that can be retrieved.

Objective

Our goal in this study was to automatically extract and analyze a large number (>41,000) of online forum posts related to the health effects associated with EC use between 2008 and 2015.

Methods

Data were annotated with medical concepts from the Unified Medical Language System using a modified version of the MetaMap tool. Of over 1.4 million posts, 41,216 were used to analyze symptoms (undiagnosed conditions) and disorders (physician-diagnosed terminology) associated with EC use. For each post, sentiment (positive, negative, and neutral) was also assigned.

Results

Symptom and disorder data were categorized into 12 organ systems or anatomical regions. Most posts on symptoms and disorders contained negative sentiment, and affected systems were similar across all years. Health effects were reported most often in the neurological, mouth and throat, and respiratory systems. The most frequently reported symptoms and disorders were headache (n=939), coughing (n=852), malaise (n=468), asthma (n=916), dehydration (n=803), and pharyngitis (n=565). In addition, users often reported linked symptoms (eg, coughing and headache).

Conclusions

Online forums are a valuable repository of data that can be used to identify positive and negative health effects associated with EC use. By automating extraction of online information, we obtained more data than in our prior study, identified new symptoms and disorders associated with EC use, determined which systems are most frequently adversely affected, identified specific symptoms and disorders most commonly reported, and tracked health effects over 7 years.
Exploring Drivers of Work-Related Stress in General Practice Teams as an Example for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Protocol for an Integrated Ethnographic Approach of Social Research Methods
Authors: Rind Esther , Emerich Sigrid , Preiser Christine , Tsarouha Elena , Rieger Monika A ,   IMPROVEjob-Consortium
Published: October 2019

Background

An increasing shortage of skilled personnel, including medical personnel, has been reported in many postindustrial economies. Persisting and growing trends in absenteeism and incapacity to work due to mental disorders are concerning and have increased political, economic, and scientific interest in better understanding and management of determinants related to the work environment and health.

Objective

This study protocol describes an integrated approach of social research methods to explore determinants of work-related stress in general practice teams as an example for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Methods

The methods applied will allow an in-depth exploration of work practices and experiences relating to psychological well-being in general practice teams. An ethnographic approach will be used to develop an in-depth understanding of the drivers of work-related stress in general practice teams. We will combine participating observation and individual interviews with five to seven general practitioners (GPs), and five to seven focus group discussions with the nonphysician staff (3-4 participants per group) in approximately four GP group practices and one single practice in Germany. Data collection and analysis will follow a grounded theory approach.

Results

The Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany, has approved this study (reference number: 640/2017BO2). Recruitment has commenced with study completion anticipated in mid-2020.

Conclusions

The data from this project will be used in follow-up projects to develop and test an intervention to reduce and prevent work-related stress in GP practices and other SMEs.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/15809
Attitudes Toward Blockchain Technology in Managing Medical Information: Survey Study
Authors: Hau Yong Sauk , Lee Jae Min , Park Jaechan , Chang Min Cheol
Published: October 2019

Background

The recently developed blockchain technology uses a peer-to-peer network to distribute data to all participants for storage. This method enhances data safety, reliability, integrity, and transparency. To successfully introduce blockchain technology to medical data management, it is essential to obtain consent from medical doctors and patients.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine medical doctors’ and patients’ attitudes toward the use of blockchain technology and interpret the findings within the framework of expectancy theory.

Methods

In this questionnaire survey, we examined medical doctors’ (n=90) and patients’ (n=90) attitudes toward the use of blockchain technology in the management and distribution of medical information. The questionnaire comprised 8 questions that assessed attitudes toward new means of managing and distributing medical information using blockchain technology. Responses were rated on a scale that ranged from 1 (very negative) to 7 (very positive).

Results

Medical doctors (mean 3.7-5.0) reported significantly more negative attitudes than patients (mean 6.3-6.8). Furthermore, self-employed doctors reported more negative attitudes than employed doctors and university professors.

Conclusions

To successfully introduce blockchain technology to medical data management, it is necessary to promote positive attitudes toward this technology among medical doctors, especially self-employed doctors.
Exploring the Characteristics and Preferences for Online Support Groups: Mixed Method Study
Authors: Plinsinga Melanie Louise , Besomi Manuela , Maclachlan Liam , Melo Luciano , Robbins Sarah , Lawford Belinda J , Teo Pek Ling , Mills Kathryn , Setchell Jenny , Egerton Thorlene , Eyles Jillian , Hall Leanne , Mellor Rebecca , Hunter David J , Hodges Paul , Vicenzino Bill , Bennell Kim
Published: October 2019

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, disabling, and prevalent disorder. As there is no cure for OA, long-term self-management is paramount. Support groups (SGs) can facilitate self-management among people living with OA. Understanding preferences in design and features of SGs, including online SGs (OSGs), among people with OA can inform future development of SG interventions for this condition.

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate health care– and health information–seeking behavior, digital literacy, and preferences for the design of SGs in people with OA. The study also explored the perceived barriers and enablers to being involved in OSGs.

Methods

An online survey study was conducted with a mixed method design (quantitative and qualitative). Individuals aged ≥45 years with knee, hip, or back pain for ≥3 months were recruited from an extant patient database of the Institute of Bone and Joint Research via email invitations. Quantitative elements of the survey included questions about sociodemographic background; health care– and health information–seeking behavior; digital literacy; and previous participation in, and preferences for, SGs and OSGs. Respondents were classified into 2 groups (Yes-SG and No-SG) based on previous participation or interest in an SG. Group differences were assessed with Chi-square tests (significance level set at 5%). Responses to free-text questions relating to preferences regarding OSG engagement were analyzed qualitatively using an inductive thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 415 people with OA completed the survey (300/415, 72.3% females; 252/415, 61.0% lived in a major city). The Yes-SG group included 307 (307/415, 73.9%) participants. Between the Yes-SG and No-SG groups, there were no differences in sociodemographic characteristics, health care– and health information–seeking behavior, and digital literacy. An online format was preferred by 126/259 (48.7%) of the Yes-SG group. Trained peer facilitators were preferred, and trustworthiness of advice and information were highly prioritized by the respondents. Qualitative analysis for OSG participation revealed 5 main themes. Lack of time and motivation were the main barriers identified. The main enablers were related to accessibility, enjoyment of the experience, and the content of the discussed information.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the preferences in design features and content of SGs and OSGs and may assist in the further development of such groups.
The Impact of Advertisement Messaging on Enrollment of Young Men Who Have Sex With Men for Web-Based Research: Observational Study
Authors: Fontenot Holly B , Abuelezam Nadia N , Rosenberger Joshua G , Novak David , Mayer Kenneth H , Zimet Gregory
Published: October 2019

Background

Recruiting young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in community settings is difficult. The use of Web-based social networks and dating apps for recruitment can be successful approaches, although little work has been done on the impact of study advertisement content on recruitment.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of advertisement message content on the recruitment of YMSM (aged 18-26 years) for a Web-based focus group study, examining perspectives and preferences for a mobile app that was designed to support sexual health among YMSM.

Methods

Between March and April 2017, a recruitment campaign to promote human papillomavirus vaccination was launched on a popular social networking and dating app for YMSM, with 3 different text-based advertisement themes (technology, cancer prevention, and sexual innuendo). The campaign recruited YMSM across 3 states (Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania). We examined the click-through rates, conversion rates, and enrollment rates of each of the advertisements and examined differences in views and clicks by age, state, and time of day.

Results

The sexual innuendo advertisement had the highest click rates when compared with both the technology (click rate ratio [CRR] 2.06, 95% CI 1.74-2.45) and cancer prevention (CRR 1.62, 95% CI 1.38-1.90) advertisements. The sexual innuendo advertisement also had higher study enrollment rates compared with the technology (CRR 1.90, 95% CI 1.23-2.83) and cancer prevention (CRR 2.06, 95% CI 1.37-3.13) advertisements. No differences were observed in clicks or enrollment by age, state, or time of day.

Conclusions

Our marketing campaign, targeting YMSM, was effective in recruiting participants for a qualitative study, using Web-based focus groups. The sexual innuendo advertisement was the most effective and cost-efficient advertisement of the 3 approaches trialed. Different populations need different targeted strategies for study recruitment. Researchers should work with key representatives to develop and test culturally relevant messaging and approaches that utilize current and popular technologies.
Effect of Ankle Plantar Flexor Spasticity Level on Balance in Patients With Stroke: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Ashraf , Nakhostin Ansari Noureddin , Naghdi Soofia , Sadeghi-Demneh Ebrahim , Motamedzadeh Omid , Shaw Brandon S , Shariat Ardalan , Shaw Ina
Published: October 2019

Background

The lower limb spasticity after stroke can affect the balance and gait of patients with stroke.

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of ankle plantar flexor spasticity level on balance in patients with stroke.

Methods

Patients with stroke were recruited from neurology and physiotherapy clinics in Tehran, Iran. Based on the level of ankle plantar flexor spasticity according to the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS), the eligible patients with stroke were divided into 2 groups: high spasticity (MMAS score≥2) and low spasticity (MMAS score<2). The primary outcome measures were the MMAS scores, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence questionnaire scores, eyes-open and eyes-closed posturography measures, and Timed Up and Go test results. The secondary outcome measures were the ankle passive range of motion and ankle joint proprioception. The t test, mixed model univariate analysis of variance, and Spearman rank correlation were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Data collection and statistical analysis are complete. The interpretation of results is underway. We expect the results to be published in winter 2020.

Conclusions

We believe that patients with high ankle plantar flexor spasticity after stroke will demonstrate greater balance dysfunction, which will worsen with impaired proprioception, passive range of motion, and eyes closed.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR1-10.2196/16045
Transparent, Reproducible, and Open Science Practices of Published Literature in Dermatology Journals: Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Anderson J Michael , Niemann Andrew , Johnson Austin L , Cook Courtney , Tritz Daniel , Vassar Matt
Published: October 2019

Background

Reproducible research is a foundational component for scientific advancements, yet little is known regarding the extent of reproducible research within the dermatology literature.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the quality and transparency of the literature in dermatology journals by evaluating for the presence of 8 indicators of reproducible and transparent research practices.

Methods

By implementing a cross-sectional study design, we conducted an advanced search of publications in dermatology journals from the National Library of Medicine catalog. Our search included articles published between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018. After generating a list of eligible dermatology publications, we then searched for full text PDF versions by using Open Access Button, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Publications were analyzed for 8 indicators of reproducibility and transparency—availability of materials, data, analysis scripts, protocol, preregistration, conflict of interest statement, funding statement, and open access—using a pilot-tested Google Form.

Results

After exclusion, 127 studies with empirical data were included in our analysis. Certain indicators were more poorly reported than others. We found that most publications (113, 88.9%) did not provide unmodified, raw data used to make computations, 124 (97.6%) failed to make the complete protocol available, and 126 (99.2%) did not include step-by-step analysis scripts.

Conclusions

Our sample of studies published in dermatology journals do not appear to include sufficient detail to be accurately and successfully reproduced in their entirety. Solutions to increase the quality, reproducibility, and transparency of dermatology research are warranted. More robust reporting of key methodological details, open data sharing, and stricter standards journals impose on authors regarding disclosure of study materials might help to better the climate of reproducible research in dermatology.
Mobile Health Projects in a High-Complexity Reference Hospital: Case Study
Authors: Grau-Corral Inmaculada , Jansà Margarida , Gascon Pau , Lozano-Rubí Raimundo , Pantoja Percy Efrain , Roca Daria , Aragunde Miguens Valentín , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Escarrabill Joan
Published: October 2019

Background

The widespread adoption of mobile and wearable devices and apps makes it essential to assess their possible impact on the management of health and diseases. Health care providers (HCPs) find themselves faced with a new situation in their setting with the proliferation of mobile health (mHealth) intervention tests. Few studies have addressed the development of mHealth and the methodologies to manage these apps in a tertiary hospital.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mHealth projects implemented in the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona to increase awareness of the context in which they are used and to develop policies for the development of good practice in mHealth innovation.

Methods

A prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a highly specialized university hospital with 850 beds for adults and a reference population of 520,000 inhabitants. A specific questionnaire was developed based on the Mobile Health 5 Dimensions European (MOHE 5D-EU) theoretical model to find mHealth projects. Apps, telemedicine, and wearable devices were included in the systematic search. For that purpose, a vertical (top-down) email-based snowball process was conducted. Data were collected from February to December 2018 by conducting personal interviews with HCPs using a structured questionnaire.

Results

During the study period, 45 interviews were conducted; 35 mHealth initiatives were found, with 25 targeted to patients and 10 to health professionals. Most mHealth initiatives (34/35, 97%) were related to the software field (apps and telemedicine initiatives), and one was related to wearable devices. Among the projects, 68% (24/35) were classified as medical devices or developments at the edge (developments susceptible to limitations depending on the intended use). In relation to data protection, 27 initiatives managing personal data (27/35, 77%) considered data protection legislation. Only 9% (3/35) of the initiatives had foreseen the use of interconnectivity standards. Most of the initiatives were funded by grants (14/35, 40%), sponsorships (5/35, 14%), or the hospital itself (5/35, 14%). In terms of clinical management, most projects were developed in the field of research, followed by professional tools, clinical information, and therapeutic education. Only 6 projects were involved with health care; all were led by either the industry or small and medium enterprises.

Conclusions

This study helped create the design of a map of the mHealth projects conducted in our hospital that showed the stages of development of the different ongoing projects. This will allow monitoring of mHealth projects and construction of tools to reinforce areas with detected deficiencies. Our theoretical approach using a modified MOHE 5D-EU model was found to be useful for analyzing the characteristics of mHealth projects.