bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Street Level Bureaucracy, Casework and Justice
Authors: Engster Daniel , Edge Matt ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: June 2022

Most contemporary justice theories focus on the basic structure of society but pay relatively little attention to the implementation of laws and policies at the street-level. As agents of the basic structure, social caseworkers and street-level bureaucrats are, however, potentially in a unique position in the fight to deliver justice at the coalface of social inequality. Introducing a paradigm of ‘Justice as Action’, we explore how street-level bureaucrats can work with both citizen-clients and, indeed, political philosophers, to promote justice. Although the Justice as Action paradigm does not involve entirely abandoning ideal justice theories, we show how it provides a potential method for paying heed to the objections of political realists about the need to direct attention to the concerns of people ‘now and around here’ if we are to produce both meaningful political theory and meaningful political action. Our conclusion is that it is essential for front-line workers and street-level bureaucrats and political theorists to have more conversations with one another than they currently do in order to advance their shared cause.
Table of Contents
Authors: Ojsadmin Ojsadmin
Published: June 2022

Journal of the Canadian Society for Coptic Studies
Journal de la société canadienne pour les études coptes
Volume 12 (2020)
Kemelimpahan anggang-anggang Ptilomera dromas Breddin (Hemiptera: Gerridae) di Sungai Ciliwung dalam kaitannya dengan kualitas air
Authors: Atmowidi Tri , Setiawan Budi , Sulistijorini Sulistijorini
Published: June 2022

Anggang-anggang Ptilomera dromas Breddin (Gerridae: Hemiptera) adalah serangga akuatik yang ditemukan di berbagai perairan, seperti sungai, kolam, dan danau. Penelitian ini mengkaji kemelimpahan P. dromas di Sungai Ciliwung dalam kaitannya dengan kualitas air. Kemelimpahan P. dromas disurvei di lima stasiun pengamatan, yaitu stasiun Cilember, Cijulang, Gadog, Katulampa, dan Sempur. Parameter lingkungan yang diukur di setiap stasiun adalah suhu air, suhu udara, pH, arus air, biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), CO2 bebas, total N, kesadahan air, dan total suspended solid (TSS). Hubungan antara kemelimpahan P. dromas dan parameter lingkungan dianalisis dengan general linier model (GLM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemelimpahan P. dromas tertinggi terdapat di stasiun Gadog, diikuti oleh Cilember, Katulampa, dan Cijulang. Anggang-anggang P. dromas tidak ditemukan di stasiun Sempur diduga karena adanya penghalang berupa bendung Katulampa dan nilai TSS dan BOD yang tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis GLM, pH dan kesadahan air berpengaruh positif terhadap kemelimpahan P. dromas. Keberadaan P. dromas di stasiun penelitian bagian hulu sungai diduga berkaitan dengan kualitas perairan yang masih baik dan tingkat polusi yang relatif rendah.
Potensi minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut sebagai fumigan nabati terhadap Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) pada biji kakao di tempat penyimpanan
Authors: Putri Dela Atikah  , Harahap Idham Sakti , Sartiami Dewi
Published: June 2022

Kakao (Theobroma cacao) merupakan salah satu komoditas penting di Indonesia. Kualitas biji kakao mengalami penurunan selama penyimpanan, salah satunya disebabkan oleh serangan Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer). Serangan hama ini dapat diatasi dengan fumigan yang aman bagi lingkungan melalui penggunaan minyak atsiri. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji efek fumigan serta repelen minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut (MADJP) terhadap hama gudang A. fasciculatus dan menganalisis kandungan senyawa fraksi aktif MADJP menggunakan gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Tahapan penelitian meliputi pemeliharaan dan pemeliharaan serangga, uji toksisitas dan repelensi, fraksinasi, dan analisis senyawa fraksi aktif minyak atsiri. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan RAL dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. MADJP fraksi n-heksana menyebabkan mortalitas paling tinggi terhadap imago setelah A. fasciculatus 72 jam fumigasi. Nilai LD50 dan LD95 MADJP fraksi n-heksana berturut-turut sebesar 0,30 dan 1,66 ml/l udara. Dosis 1 ml/l udara menyebabkan kematian imago A. fasciculatus tertinggi sebesar 73,75%. Dosis 1 ml/l udara pada uji residual menyebabkan mortalitas paling tinggi pada imago A. fasciculatus sebesar 73,75%. Pengujian dengan menggunakan olfaktometer, MADJP memiliki sifat repelen yang tinggi terhadap imago A. fasciculatus dengan nilai indeks repelensi mencapai 100% pada dosis 1 ml/l udara. Senyawa yang paling dominan pada fraksi n-heksana KLLEO adalah sitronelal. Dengan demikian, MADJP memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai fumigan nabati terhadap A. fasciculatus.
Metode notranjega fiksiranja križnice na črevnico – Pregled literature in analiza serije primerov fiksiranja z iliakalnim vijakom
Authors: Mohar Janez
Published: June 2022

Da bi dosegli zatrditev med gibljivo ledveno hrbtenico in negibljivo križnico, so se ob razvoju instrumentacijskih sistemov za notranje fiksiranje prsno-ledvene hrbtenice razvijale kirurške tehnike, ki omogočajo podaljšati take sisteme na kostne elemente medenice. Izraz sakroiliakalno (SI) fiksiranje zajema vse instrumentacijske sisteme in kirurške tehnike za notranjo učvrstitev ledveno-križničnega predela hrbtenice na črevnico. Preprečevanje psevdoartroze kostne fuzije ledveno-križničnega prehoda, ki nastane na meji med dvema različnima strukturama (gibljivo ledveno hrbtenico in statičnim medeničnim obročem), je dandanes eden glavnih izzivov kirurškega zdravljenja deformacij ledvene hrbtenice pri odraslih. Ledveno-križnični prehod je biomehansko os vrtenja, ki v stranski ravnini poteka skozi posteriorni longitudinalni ligament v višini medvretenčne ploščice gibljivega segmenta L5-S1. Velikost ročice fleksijskega navora je odvisna od števila instrumentiranih ravni gibljive prsno-ledvene hrbtenice, za stabilnost sistema pa je potreben nasprotni navor, ki je zaradi kratke ročice odvisen predvsem od pričvrstitvene moči vsadka na kostne elemente medeničnega obroča. Sistemi SI-fiksiranja preprečujejo nastanek psevdoartroze kostne fuzije ledveno-križničnega prehoda, njen pojav pa je ob odsotnosti bioloških vzrokov (npr. okužba) odvisen izključno od trdnosti instrumentacijskega sistema (lomljivost materiala) in kakovosti fiksiranja instrumentarija na medenični obroč (omajanje na stiku med vsadkom in kostjo).

Indikacije za SI-fiksiranje so ledveno-križnična kostna fuzija (zatrditev) več kot treh ledvenih vretenc, razširjene korektivne osteotomije ledvenih vretenc, zlomi križnice s spinopelvično (SP) disociacijo, delna ali popolna sakrektomija, ledveno-križnična kostna fuzija pri osteoporotični kosti, spondilolisteza, ki je večja od II. stopnje po Meyerdingovi klasifikaciji, korekcija kifotične ali skoliotične deformacije ledvene hrbtenice in nagib medenice v čelni ravnini pri živčnomišičnih deformacijah ledvene hrbtenice.

Pregledni članek opisuje biomehaniko SP prehoda, predstavi zgodovino razvoja vsadkov ter kirurških tehnik in prikaže sodobne metode SI-fiksiranja.
Liberalising cannabis legislation in South Africa: Potential public health consequences for adolescents and pregnant women
Authors:   Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Bantjes J ,   Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, Myers B ,   Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Parry C ,   Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Published: June 2022

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Practice update to optimise the performance and interpretation of blood cultures: 2022
Authors:   Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Papavarnavas N S , Brink A J ,   Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Dlamini S ,   Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Wasserman S ,   Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Whitelaw A ,   Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Ntusi N A B ,   Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Mendelson M ,   Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Published: June 2022

Blood cultures are an important diagnostic and antibiotic stewardship tool to aid in treatment, monitoring and prognosis of patients with infection. This guideline is intended to update our 2010 guideline on the optimal use of blood cultures. Since then, there have been significant changes to the definitions of sepsis, guidance on the number of blood cultures recommended per draw, central and peripheral line blood cultures, advances in mitigating culture contamination, updates on the indications for blood cultures, and guidance on performance of follow-up cultures.
The influence of Western ideas of women's Enlightenment on women's painting in the Republic of China
Authors: Lyu Chao , Kemerova Tatiana Alexandrovna
Published: June 2022

During the period of the Republic of China, China was in the complex context of the fusion of Eastern and Western cultures. Under the influence of Western women's educational thought, the artists of the Republic of China entered the modern context of the Republic of China as participants. In this article, the object of research is the "new women's painting" from 1912 to 1949. The study includes an analysis of painting practices and artistic concepts of new women artists in the Republic of China. Under the influence of internal and external factors, their participation in the modern transformation of traditional Chinese fine art and contribution to the development of new women's painting. The paper examines the formation of a new women's painting in the Republic of China from the standpoint of culture, sociology and education. Studying the background of the appearance of new women's paintings in the Republic of China, the artistic value and historical significance of new women's paintings in the Republic of China were discovered. It is demonstrated how new masters were born and developed in the clash of Chinese and Western art, new and traditional ideas and concepts. They freed themselves from the shackles of feudal female ideas and pursued an independent personality, rights and freedom. In art, he promotes the modern transformation of traditional painting with its unique emotional expression and fusion of Chinese and Western styles.
Chinese Women’s Art
Authors: Yui Wei
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the origin and evolution of women's visual art in China. The development of this artistic direction was due to the radical social transformations since the beginning of the Open Door Policy in 1978. Analysis of the art by Li Hong, Cui Xiuwen, Feng Jiali, Yuan Yaomin and others reveals main features of the evolution of women's creativity in China. The search and acquisition of female identity, the destruction of psychological barriers imposed by traditional ideas and stereotypes about a woman, her physicality, beauty, etc., the study of gender differences, the reflection of female subjectivity, the assertion of a new status for women in modern society - all this makes the content of Chinese women's art. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article studies the works of quite reputable Chinese artists who were not presented earlier in Russian art history science. This article is intended to contribute to the study of the processes of emancipation of the consciousness of the Chinese and raising the status of women artists in society. Reflections on personal experience, social problems and historical destinies determine the specifics of the artistic language of women's works. In view of the active feminist movements of our time, increasing attention to the inner world of women and criticism of patriarchal foundations, addressing this topic seems very relevant today.
Inventing Anna: phraseology in the headlines of the English-language press
Authors: Belozerova Ekaterina Yur'evna
Published: June 2022

The article examines a number of modern phraseological units (phraseological units, derivatives of phraseological units and author's formations) on the example of the headlines of the English-language press. All the presented empirical material is analyzed according to the context of the publications, as well as the time frame (January 2022 – May 2022). The relevance of the research is due to the emergence of secondary nominative means of modern English as a communicative necessity. The object of research in the article is phraseological units of the language used in the headings of articles devoted to the study of the phenomenon by Anna Sorokin. The subject of the study is the communicative and pragmatic functions of phraseological units in the media used to describe and characterize the main character and her act. The purpose of the work is to study and analyze the received phraseological units for the possible identification of a new phraseological unit describing the distinctive features of both Anna Sorokin and her history. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the quality of the material (modern English-language press), as well as attempts to establish a phraseological unit directly pointing to Anna Sorokin and her fraudulent actions. The main method of research is an inductive approach to the analysis of empirical material, in which conclusions are based on the study of specific phraseological units. To identify derivational transformations in the structural and semantic organization of phraseological units, the work uses structural and semantic analysis. The result of the analysis reveals the constant use of one proper name and two author formations, which can later be attributed to the phraseological fund of the English language. This research contributes to the development of principles and approaches to the study of phraseology of the English language, its enrichment, as well as the understanding of phraseology in a broad way.
A semi-automatic three-dimensional technique using a regionalized facial template enables facial growth assessment in healthy children from 1.5 to 5.0 years of age
Authors: Bruggink Robin , Baan Frank , Brons Sander , Loonen Tom G.J. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie , Maal Thomas J.J. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To develop a semi-automatic technique to evaluate normative facial growth in healthy children between the age of 1.5 and 5.0 years using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric images.

Materials and Methods

Three-dimensional facial images of healthy children at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 years of age were collected and positioned based on a reference frame. A general face template was used to extract the face and its separate regions from the full stereophotogrammetric image. Furthermore, this template was used to create a uniform distributed mesh, which could be directly compared to other meshes. Average faces were created for each age group and mean growth was determined between consecutive groups for the full face and its separate regions. Finally, the results were tested for intra- and inter-operator performance.

Results

The highest growth velocity was present in the first period between 1.5 and 2.0 years of age with an average of 1.50 mm (±0.54 mm) per six months. After 2.0 years, facial growth velocity declined to only a third at the age of 5.0 years. Intra- and inter-operator variability was small and not significant.

Conclusions

The results show that this technique can be used for objective clinical evaluation of facial growth. Example normative facial averages and the corresponding facial growth between the age 1.5 and 5.0 years are shown.

Clinical Relevance

This technique can be used to collect and process facial data for objective clinical evaluation of facial growth in the individual patient. Furthermore, these data can be used as normative data in future comparative studies.
Explaining detection heterogeneity with finite mixture and non-Euclidean movement in spatially explicit capture-recapture models
Authors: Marrotte Robby R. , Howe Eric J. , Beauclerc Kaela B. , Potter Derek , Northrup Joseph M.
Published: June 2022

Landscape structure affects animal movement. Differences between landscapes may induce heterogeneity in home range size and movement rates among individuals within a population. These types of heterogeneity can cause bias when estimating population size or density and are seldom considered during analyses. Individual heterogeneity, attributable to unknown or unobserved covariates, is often modelled using latent mixture distributions, but these are demanding of data, and abundance estimates are sensitive to the parameters of the mixture distribution. A recent extension of spatially explicit capture-recapture models allows landscape structure to be modelled explicitly by incorporating landscape connectivity using non-Euclidean least-cost paths, improving inference, especially in highly structured (riparian & mountainous) landscapes. Our objective was to investigate whether these novel models could improve inference about black bear (Ursus americanus) density. We fit spatially explicit capture-recapture models with standard and complex structures to black bear data from 51 separate study areas. We found that non-Euclidean models were supported in over half of our study areas. Associated density estimates were higher and less precise than those from simple models and only slightly more precise than those from finite mixture models. Estimates were sensitive to the scale (pixel resolution) at which least-cost paths were calculated, but there was no consistent pattern across covariates or resolutions. Our results indicate that negative bias associated with ignoring heterogeneity is potentially severe. However, the most popular method for dealing with this heterogeneity (finite mixtures) yielded potentially unreliable point estimates of abundance that may not be comparable across surveys, even in data sets with 136–350 total detections, 3–5 detections per individual, 97–283 recaptures, and 80–254 spatial recaptures. In these same study areas with high sample sizes, we expected that landscape features would not severely constrain animal movements and modelling non-Euclidian distance would not consistently improve inference. Our results suggest caution in applying non-Euclidean SCR models when there is no clear landscape covariate that is known to strongly influence the movement of the focal species, and in applying finite mixture models except when abundant data are available.
Effect of Narration and Painting Methods on the Self-concept of Children with Thalassemia Major Before and Three Months After Intervention: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Jamalpoor Fariba , Sahebalzamani Mohammad , Farahani Hojjatolah
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Children with thalassemia are at risk for mental and behavioural disorders due to their reduced quality of life. Interventions to improve their mental health have shown good outcomes. The narration and painting intervention approaches have a positive effect on self-concept. Aim: To compare the effect of two methods of narration and painting on the self-concept of children with thalassemia. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial with post-test/pretest method was carried out on 35 children with thalassemia major, admitted to hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Children who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on the intervention: narration (n=19, six sessions of 90 minutes) and painting (n=16, six sessions of 30 minutes, drawing whatever they wanted). At the end of the first session, and three months later, the Piers-Harris questionnaire was used for self-concept assessment. To analyse the data Paired t-test and Chi-squared test were used. Results: The mean age in the painting group was 12.4 years, and in the narration group was 12.6 years. Girls constituted 43.9% (n=9) in the painting group, and 31.6% (n=6) in the narration group. The mean score of self-concept in the children belonging to the narration group was 46.46±7.74 before the intervention, which increased to 48.10±9.61 after the intervention (p=0.579). In the painting group, the mean score of self-concept in the preintervention phase was 42.44±6.30, and increased to 48.87±9.41 after the intervention (p=0.033). Conclusion: The implementation of two methods of narration and painting in children with thalassemia major had a favourable effect on their self-concept. Considering that various psychotherapy methods are used to help patients to adapt to complications of their disease, narration and painting therapies as a non invasive, affordable and low-cost methods can also be used in this regard.
Immunohistochemical Study of Ki-67 Labelling Index in Neoplasms of Central Nervous System
Authors: Patil Anuradha G , Bhargava Neeraj , Wadone Megha M , Anita AM
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The central nervous system tumours show a varied histopathological spectrum. The cell proliferation index may provide an objective method for assessing tumour biology. The Ki-67 is considered to be the most reliable proliferative marker predicting the tumour behaviour of various systemic and intracranial neoplasms. As it reflects tumour proliferating potential, it helps in determining the grade and hence the likelihood of recurrence. This study was carried out considering that very few studies of Ki-67 Labelling Index (LI) is seen in Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasms collectively. Aim: To study the Ki-67 LI in CNS neoplasms and the association of Ki-67 LI with different parameters like age, sex, World Health Organisation (WHO) grading and histological types. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive analytical study was conducted at Department of Pathology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Karnataka, India, attached to a tertiary care hospital, Kalaburagi, for a period of five years between 1st Aug 2013 to 31st July 2018 after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. The formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out with Ki-67 antibody using standard protocol. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS software version 19.0. The descriptive statistics frequency and percentages were calculated. The morphological grading of CNS tumours was done and the distribution of Ki-67 LI values were analysed. Results: A total of 102 histopathologically diagnosed primary CNS tumours were included in the study. High incidence of CNS neoplasms was seen in 3rd to 4th decade with slight male preponderance. This study included 40 meningioma cases. Mean percentages of Ki-67 LI for grade I and grade II meningiomas were 3.3% and 4%, respectively. The Ki-67 mean value for Astrocytomas grade I was 5.6% and grade II was 8.7%. Grade IV Glioblastoma and Gliosarcoma showed mean value of 18% and 18.8%, respectively. It was observed that LI increased with increase in grade of the tumour. Schwannoma and Dysembryoplastic Neuroepethelial Tumour (DNET) showed Ki-67 LI of 2.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Mean value of Ki-67 LI of other primary CNS neoplasms were as follows: Medulloblastoma 53%, Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumour (ATRT) 32%, Haemangiopericytoma 8%, Neurocytoma 4%, Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour (MPNST) 3%, Ganglioglioma 4% and Haemangioblastoma 4%. Conclusion: The Ki-67 LI is the simplest and the most reliable method for evaluating the cell proliferation. It has a great value in designating the exact grade of the tumour when used in combination with histopathological features. It can also be used for planning of adjuvant therapy in primary CNS neoplasms.
Descriptive Study of the Spectrum of Disorders Presenting as Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia from a Tertiary Care Setting at Ernakulam, Kerala, India
Authors: Govind Unnikrishnan , Philip Febby K
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Anaemia is a common problem discovered on routine laboratory tests. Based on red cell morphology, anaemia can be classified as microcytic hypochromic, macrocytic and Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia (NNA). Anaemia is not a diagnosis in itself, but merely an objective sign of underlying disease. The correct treatment requires an understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition. Varied number of clinical disorders manifests as NNA and pose a great challenge to the clinician. Aim: To identify the spectrum of disorders presenting as NNA and to grade anaemia across age and sex of individual using World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Materials and Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Ernakulam, Kerala, India during one year period of February 2017-January 2018. Total of 514 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. After taking detailed history and clinical examination, investigations were done including Complete Blood Count (CBC), peripheral smear preparation, reticulocyte count, Renal Function Tests (RFT), Liver Function Tests (LFT) and if necessary, bone marrow study and radiological studies were done. The data obtained was statistically analysed using Microsoft Excel 365. Descriptive statistics viz., number of cases, percentage, concomitant involvement with other disorders, differential involvement with various age groups, male:female ratio, and grade of anaemia were utilised to describe the spectrum of disorders presenting as NNA. Results: Of the 514 patients, 433 were adults and 81 were in paediatric age group. The average age in adult males were 58 years and in females 57 years with Haemoglobin (Hb) being 9.04 g/dL and 8.99 g/dL, respectively. Paediatric population had an average Hb of 10.18 g/dL. A total of 106 conditions were seen among the 514 patients. The disease conditions were further categorised into 10 subtypes. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) constituted single most common associated disorder (112 cases) seen along NNA followed by Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (74 cases). Idiopathic cases constituted 79 cases. Conclusion: The NNA constituted 25% of the cases presented to the laboratory during the study period. T2DM was associated with NNA along with CAD. An understanding of the categories of anaemia along with a diagnostic protocol will go a long way in better management of the patient.
IN VIVO STUDY OF COLON CANCER WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDUCER 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (DMH) AND STANDARD DRUG 5-FLUOROURACIL (5-FU): A REVIEW
Authors: Paulzagade Sarang A. , Pawade Uday V. , Nikam Ashwin V. , Anjankar Meghsham P.
Published: June 2022

Cancer is a group of diseases caused by loss of cell cycle control. Cancer is associated with abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth. Colon cancer is the second most common cancer in females and the third most in males worldwide. The rate of colon cancer was low in India. But at present, it is increasing out 3.5 million cancer cases, 35,000 have colon cancer. Polyps, which are the small growths in the colon, are most often benign, even though some have the potential to become cancerous. For cancer treatment, 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic drug. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is a potent colon carcinogen inducer. These colorectal tumours share many resemblances to human colorectal cancer, including similar responses to promotional and preventive agents. This review article highlights various In vivo studies on colon cancer induced by 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and treated by standard drugs with the help of parameters like Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), Histopathology of the colon, Haematological parameters etc.
A CONCISE REVIEW OF PANDU ROGA, INCLUDING THE ACTION MECHANISM
Authors: Wati KS , Ehsan M , Pandey S
Published: June 2022

Panduroga has been well known to Indian people the since Vedic period. It is described in complete detail by the Acharyas of Ayurveda as a specific disease with its pathogenesis and treatment. In panduroga, the colour of the body gets changed to pale, sclera, nail, tongue, etc. Due to Rakta-Alpata, haemoglobin level decreases from the normal level. It is linked with both important Dhatus, i.e., Rasa and Rakta. It is represented as anaemia, recognised as the world’s second important cause of disability and responsible for about one million deaths a year. Recently, physicians preferring ayurvedic medicines to manage panduroga as these formulations are considered safe compared to modern treatments like Vit-B12 and Ferrous Sulphate. With this research interest, the present study has been undertaken thoroughly to review the management of panduroga by ayurvedic formulations and extracts. This study has selected nine herbal extracts and nine ayurvedic formulations. The reported pre-clinical and clinical trials performed on these herbal extracts and formulations are discussed in detail, with special efforts towards the ayurvedic opinion of panduroga.
RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE ANALYSIS IN DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH: A REVIEW
Authors: Karun Kalesh M , Puranik Amitha
Published: June 2022

Optimal dose selection in clinical trials is problematic when efficacious and toxic concentrations are close. A receiver operating characteristic curve is a graphical technique used to identify the optimal cut-off point for a continuous variable. Implementation of ROC analysis is currently possible using various statistical software packages. However, the process is straightforward in the EZR package of R software. This present study aims to provide a tutorial using a simple example and a detailed description of the procedure in EZR software. The information provided can help the researchers perform the analysis independently.
Adversity Quotient and Work Commitment among Public Secondary School Teachers in Davao City
Authors: Baog Ismael W. , Cagape Wenefredo E.
Published: June 2022

Aims: To determine the relationship between the teachers’ adversity quotient and work commitment and the effect of teachers’ demographic profile in both variables.

Study Design:  Descriptive-correlational

Place and Duration of Study: This was conducted in the Division of Davao City more specifically Cluster 1 and Cluster 3 from November 2020 to June 2021

Methodology: This research used stratified random sampling technique to identify 623 respondents. It utilized questionnaires developed by Stoltz (1997) and Celep (2000). Both questionnaires were adapted and modified to fit the need of the research locale and environment where the study was being conducted.

Results: The findings showed that most of the respondents were female and most aged were from 20 to 49 years old. The majority of teachers were less than 10 years in the government service with a teacher I position and not attended graduate studies. Furthermore, the teachers’ adversity quotient was below average and teachers’ work commitment was at a high level; teachers’ adversity quotient was positively associated with teachers’ work commitment. Moreover, the results confirmed that females have a significantly higher level of work commitment than males; all other teachers’ demographic profile were not significantly influenced teachers’ adversity quotient and work commitment.

Conclusion: The study concludes that teachers tend to recover slowly from adversities; teachers' adversity quotient affects their work commitment, and female teachers are more committed to their work compared with male teachers. The study recommends for teachers to attend personality development activities to improve their adversity quotient; the Human Resource Management Office (HRMO) of the school may utilize the data for policy making towards increasing teacher’s adversity quotient and work commitment. Additionally, further studies through qualitative research and similar studies in other clusters or districts both rural and urban areas are also recommended.
Phenolic Compounds of Rumex L: Aerial Part Fractions and Essential Oil Results of In vitro Screening for Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Shermatova G. D. , Bobakulov Kh. M. , Shamuratov B. A. , Mavlyanov S. M. , Zhang Y. J. , Eshbakova K. A. , Azimova Sh. S. , Sasmakov S. A.
Published: June 2022

The aim of the present study to clarify the phytochemical constituents of Rumex plants, extraction, separation and structural identification of chemical components, provide theoretical support and scientific basis for its traditional use, further expand the application scope of traditional medicinal plant resources in Uzbekistan, and develop its potential value. Three known anthraquinone derivatives has been isolated from the chloroform fraction extract of Rumex pamiricus roots and two known compounds were separated from the ethyl acetate fraction extract of Rumex conglomeratus roots. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic evidence and chemical methods. Qualitative analyses of major phenolics by TLC analysis were also evaluated. The ester oil from the aerial parts of Rumex confertus and Rumex pamiricus, the gasoline, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of Rumex pamiricus aerial part and alcohol extract of Rumex pamiricus roots were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity.

This study aimed to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the medicinal plants traditionally used in Uzbekistan against the microbial strains associated with infectious diseases.
Effect of Cow Dung Dose and Sowing Density on the Agronomic Performance of a Cotton Variety (Gossypium hirsutum l.) Grown in the Bere Region in the North-West of Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Alain N’guessan N’guessan , Jacob Kouassi Ndri , N’guessan Kouame , Justin Kouadio Yatty
Published: June 2022

The present study aims to determine the optimal dose of ox dung and the sowing density that optimize the yield of seed cotton in the region of BERE in the North-West of Côte d'Ivoire. Six fertilizer doses (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) were tested. Among these six doses, T1, T2, T3 and T4 are composed of a mixture of ox dung and NPK mineral fertilizer, T0 is the mineral NPK fertilizer and T5 is composed only of cattle dung. These doses were tested on cotton plants through 4 seeding densities : low density (LowD : 50 cm x 80 cm with 2 plant.pocket-1, either 50000 Plant.ha-1), medium density 1 (Me D1: 40 cm x 80 cm with 2 plant.pocket-1, either 62500 Plant.ha-1), medium density 2 (Me D2 : 20 cm x 80 cm with 1 plant.pocket-1, either 62500 Plant.ha-1) and high density (Hi D : 30 cm x 80 cm with 2 plant.pocket-1, with 83500 Plant.ha-1). Observations focused on six agronomic parameters. All the organo-mineral treatments were more productive than the simple NPK and beef dung treatment. The T2 treatment (2000 kg.ha-1 of cow dung + 100 kg.ha-1 of NPK) made it possible to observe the highest values ​​of the number of capsules per plant (14.37 capsules), of the cottonseed mass per plant (57.02 g) and seed cotton yield (3636.23 kg.ha-1). In terms of sowing density, cotton plants sown under high density (Hi D : 30cm x 80cm, or 83,500 Plant.ha-1) gave a higher seed cotton yield (3950.68 kg.ha-1). The medium seed cotton yield of cotton plants reached its optimum (4434.77 kg.ha-1) when they were sown at high density (83500 Plant.ha-1) and treated with T2 (2000 kg.ha-1 of cattle dung + 100 kg.ha-1 of NPK).
Soil Quality Indicators under Conventional and Organic Coffee Farming Systems in Rwanda
Authors: Maniraho Eric , Nkezabera Jean Adolphe , Mupenzi Christophe , Nishimwe Gaudence
Published: June 2022

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the soil quality under conventional and organic coffee farming Systems

Study Design: Two farming systems were selected: Conventional and Organic systems under coffee plantations.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out between May 2021 and March 2022. The soil samples were collected from Karaba coffee growers’ cooperative (KOAKAKA) within Karambi coffee washing station zone in Kigoma Sector of Huye District, Southern Province of Rwanda. The soil samples were analyzed in Research and postgraduate laboratory of soil and plant at University of Rwanda Biotechnology Laboratory Complex.

Methodology: The soil samples were collected across three selected plots from each coffee production system under study. Both disturbed and non-disturbed soil samples were collected from each plot at (0–30 cm) depth to assess selected soil quality indicators.

Results: This study found a significant difference in total organic carbon, organic matter and earthworms abundance between two studied systems. The findings also revealed higher aggregate stability, electrical conductivity, moisture content, soil pH water in the organic coffee farming system than conventional coffee farming system with 0.665, 0.051 (dS/m), 23.84 (%), 5.47 respectively.

Conclusion: Organic farming system provided higher soil qualities, it could improve soil conditions and reduce the demand for inorganic fertilizers hence improve people’s livelihood.
Bias Correction of Climate Model Outputs Using IMD Srinagar Data for Climate Change Impact Assessment
Authors: Ali Syed Rouhullah , Khan Junaid N. , Kumar Rohitashw , Lone Farooq Ahmad , Mir Shakeel Ahmad , Khan Imran
Published: June 2022

Regional climate models (RCMs) give more credible findings for a regional climate change impact assessment, but they still have a bias that must be rectified. Two correction functions using two methods, the modified difference approach and linear scaling method, were utilized for local bias correction of Tmax, Tmin, and precipitation data at monthly scales and validated to minimize the bias between modelled (HAD GEM2-ES-GCM) and observed climate data at IMD Srinagar Station, J&K. Linear scaling technique at monthly time scale for Tmax, Tmin, and precipitation was superior to modified difference approach for bias correction of modelled data to close it to observed data.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder amongst Surgical Residents of Lahore
Authors: Fatima Noor Ul Ain , Tariq Sania , Rasheed Sidra , Zulfiqar Saba , Batool Sadia , Hussain Syed Usama
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The psychological state of the doctors independently is a danger that is frequently undervalued and neglected in many clinical environments. Whilst also treating patients in intense pain and existence injuries, doctors could feel afraid and acute stress in either themselves.

Objectives: To regulate the occurrence of PTSD between surgical trainees also correlation of PTSD with demographic profile and well-being in Lahore and Islamabad.

Methods:  A questionnaire-based study was conducted in Surgery and allied departments of Mayo Hospital, Services Hospital, Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore General Hospital, Gulab Devi Hospital, Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Punjab Institute of Cardiology and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, on 207 surgical trainees. It was a cross sectional descriptive study and stratified random sampling was used to collect data. Our current research was organized from April 2018 to April 2020. Non-surgical and non-Pakistan based surgeons were excluded from the study. Questionnaires were designed with PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and WHO well-being index. SPSS v25 was used for data analysis.

Results: For 164 returned surveys average age remained 29.2 (SD 2.9) years; 100/164 respondents remained male. Average years in training remained 2.66 (SD 1.4). Average PCL-5 score remained 14. 31/164 respondents had cut off score ≥ 33. 38/164 respondents met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Females were more likely to have PTSD p=0.016(<0.05). Correlation between PCL-5 score and WHO well-being index was found to be significant at the 0.000 level, showing a -0.332 Pearson correlation value.

Conclusion:  PTSD will be much more prevalent in surgical interns than in the general public. Recognizing and managing this threat is critical for trainee psychological health and quality care.
Excavations in a prehistoric landscape at Blackford, Perth & Kinross, 2007–8
Authors: O'Connell Chris , Anderson Sue , Clarke Ann , Cressey Michael , Ellis Clare , Hastie Mhairi , Hunter Fraser , Johnson Melanie , McLaren Dawn
Published: June 2022

The extensive remains of enclosed and unenclosed prehistoric settlements, including the remains of at least 14 circular structures, were discovered within ten areas of archaeological interest, situated on well-drained knolls in an undulating landscape north of Blackford village. The settlements have been dated principally to the Middle and Late Bronze Age, although continued habitation can be traced through to the Early Iron Age. Most of the structures were probably roundhouses, and were likely to have been the foci of domestic and economic life across generations. The remains ranged from single isolated structures to groups of closely spaced structures. Some were enclosed by palisades, possibly for defence, others were not. Diachronic changes in architecture are readily identifiable. The community made their living from a mixed farming economy, with some craft production also undertaken. Evidence for funerary rites was rare, but what little there was suggests that the dead were cremated and buried in urns.
Analyses of national mountain lion harvest indices yield ambiguous interpretations
Authors: Elbroch L. Mark , Petracca Lisanne S. , O'Malley Connor , Robinson Hugh
Published: June 2022

Wildlife managers make difficult decisions about how best to ensure sustainable wildlife populations. This is especially contentious in the absence of accurate abundance data. Currently, many managers rely upon harvest metrics to monitor mountain lion abundance and to set management objectives.

We analysed mountain lion harvest data from 2005 to 2016 across 10 U.S. states to determine mountain lion metapopulation trends.

Our results were ambiguous and suggested conflicting population trends. Three hunting metrics indicated that the metapopulation was declining, two metrics could be interpreted as support for either an increasing or decreasing metapopulation and one metric indicated that the mountain lion metapopulation was stable.

This ambiguity may indicate that some metrics better reflect carnivore abundance than others or that harvest metrics are a poor method for monitoring carnivore abundance. This is a concern because ambiguity in population trends may also fuel conflict between different stakeholder groups with different views of mountain lions.

To avoid future ambiguity and to mitigate dissension among stakeholders, state agencies might consider a collaborative integrated population model to monitor mountain lions at a national scale.
Innovating aircraft control systems with the use of artificial intelligence and electronics
Authors: Abdul‐Aziz Qasim , Hashemi Hassan H.
Published: June 2022

Despite all the research being done in an attempt to bridge the gap between control systems and artificial intelligence, there is still an immense risk of failure and instability that exists. One particular application that this research will look into and expand on is aircraft control mechanisms. This article will examine the existing uncertainties within these systems that could be suspected as the cause of failure in the artificial control operation of an aircraft. This study will act as a further extension of research on the feedback linearization of an aircraft's control architecture using adaptive neural networks to decrease the probability of an uncontrolled error resulting from the nonlinearity of the aircraft's dynamic characteristics. The stability of previously implemented mechanisms to control aircraft systems will also be investigated. This research will require a thorough approach and understanding of various possible areas of malfunction and instability caused by multiple factors, including, external interferences and inefficiencies that accumulate within the controller that can mislead or cause an undesirable effect on the system. Examining similar areas where this study may be used for further research, while also discussing opportunities to apply these procedures to relatable applications will be analyzed, as it is of key importance for the progression of this technology.
3D Bioprinted Silk‐Based In Vitro Osteochondral Model for Osteoarthritis Therapeutics
Authors: Singh Yogendra Pratap , Moses Joseph Christakiran , Bandyopadhyay Ashutosh , Mandal Biman B.
Published: June 2022

3D bioprinting of osteochondral tissue offers unique opportunities for enabling precise pharmacological interventions in osteoarthritis (OA). The current study investigates the screening potential of anti‐inflammatory drugs using bioprinted inflamed human osteochondral units. The biomimetic hierarchical geometry is bioprinted using silk‐based bioinks encapsulating pre‐differentiated stem cells, creating an in vitro model. Inflammation is stimulated in the model, using tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and Interleukin‐1 beta pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The resultant degeneration, akin to OA, is flagged by key markers like sulfated glycosaminoglycan, collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and downregulation of osteochondral transcript levels. In the next step, the screening of anti‐inflammatory drugs is validated using celecoxib and rhein. Consequently, in the inflamed constructs, the initial upregulation of the key inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, Prostaglandin E2), is subsequently downregulated, post‐drug treatment. In addition, catabolic markers (matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanase‐1), indicative of hypertrophic and apoptosing chondrocytes, are significantly downregulated in the treatment groups; while the transcript and protein levels required for osteochondral health are attenuated. Therefore, the in vitro model mimicks the inflammation in the early stages of OA, and corroborates a potential high‐throughput platform for screening novel anti‐inflammatory drugs in OA therapeutics.