bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Model for Acceptance of Analytics in Learning Management Systems at Jordanian Universities (JLMS)
Authors: Al Amoush Abdeleh Bassam , Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: January 2019

Learning management system (LMS) is usually used in higher education system. It has become compulsory to help the end users (instructors, students, and administrators) in their daily use, and learning analytics presents an auspicious approach. This chapter aims to investigate the acceptance of analytics and use of an LMS at Jordanian universities. It also focuses on the factors influencing acceptance of analytics in LMS at Jordanian universities. Therefore, the chapter presents a new model for acceptance of analytics in learning management systems at Jordanian universities called Jordanian Learning Management System (JLMS). This chapter is based on the most recent and related literature explaining various scenarios where LMSs address learning issues in the digital environment in a way that was not possible in the previous confines of print logic.
Examining Ethical Decision Making Behavior in E-Learning Systems
Authors: Oakley Richelle L. , Singh Rahul
Published: January 2019

E-Learning has proliferated throughout the education sector in recent years. Unfortunately, an unintended and undesirable aspect of e-Learning is centered on unethical behavior exhibited by students engaged in technology-facilitated cheating. Interestingly, cheating in e-Learning systems occurs in the social context of the class. Using results from a qualitative field study, the authors investigate the socio-technical dimensions of ethical decision-making in e-Learning systems focusing on individual and situational factors. They developed propositions and provide an in-depth discussion of identified factors. Their findings provide the basis for researchers to develop testable propositions for further empirical investigations and provide insight for educators dealing with the unique challenges of the socio-technical dimensions of ethical behavior in e-Learning systems.
Strategies on Addressing Contract Cheating
Authors: Kong Eric , Goh Steven Ching-Nam , Gussen Benjamen Franklen , Turner Joanna , Abawi Lindy-Anne
Published: January 2019

Contract cheating is becoming a real challenge to many universities. Not only is it a relatively new phenomenon, but also it is difficult to prove as the work is often original and unlikely to be detected using standard anti-plagiarism text-matching services such as Turnitin or Erkund. Using a literature review approach, this chapter examines why students in general would take risks to engage in contract cheating and what strategies could be implemented to prevent or lower the chance for them to be engaged in this type of academic misconduct. An Australian regional university, which is also a leader in distance learning in the country, was used as a case for this study. The findings and recommendations provide insights for Australian university policy-makers when developing strategies, procedures and policies to face this issue. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
Embedding Plagiarism Detection Mechanisms Into Learning Management Systems
Authors: Butakov Sergey , Shcherbinin Vladislav , Diagilev Vadim , Tskhay Alexander
Published: January 2019

The main objectives of this chapter are to review available plagiarism detection tools, discuss the most popular software tools on the market and describe the new architecture for plagiarism detection tools. The proposed architecture emphasizes lightweight integration with LMS as well as the possibility for the LMS owner to adjust the amount of information that is being transferred to plagiarism detection service based on the intellectual property protection rules adopted by the school. This chapter shows how the proposed architecture was implemented as a plug-in for the Moodle LMS. A set of user trials is provided to show practical applicability of the proposed solutions.
iChecker
Authors: Choi Samuel P. M. , Lam Sze Sing
Published: January 2019

Academic plagiarism is regarded as a serious offense and much effort in the past has been devoted to build stand-alone plagiarism detection systems for a specific language. This paper proposes a new information retrieval-based plagiarism detection algorithm that handles multilingual documents and enables seamless integration with learning management systems. The proposed algorithm employs information retrieval and sequence matching techniques to identify suspected plagiarized sentences and permits parametric control to reduce both false-positive and false-negative results. The full-featured implementation, called iChecker, not only could quickly identify suspected plagiarized works but also ease academics' effort to evaluate the severity of the offence by a quantified measure. Currently iChecker is adopted by over 300 courses (with some having several hundred of students) and has obtained satisfactory results. During 2012 to 2016, iChecker has processed and verified a total of 276,943 documents in English, Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese text.
Plagiarism Detection Algorithm for Source Code in Computer Science Education
Authors: Liu Xin , Xu Chan , Ouyang Boyu
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, computer programming is getting more necessary in the course of program design in college education. However, the trick of plagiarizing plus a little modification exists among some students' home works. It's not easy for teachers to judge if there's plagiarizing in source code or not. Traditional detection algorithms cannot fit this condition. The author designed an effective and complete method to detect source code plagiarizing according to the popular way of students' plagiarizing. There are two basic concepts of the algorithm. One is to standardize the source code via filtration against to remove the majority noises intentionally blended by plagiarists. The other one is an improved Longest Common Subsequence algorithm for text matching, using statement as the unit for matching. The authors also designed an appropriate HASH function to increase the efficiency of matching. Based on the algorithm, a system was designed and proved to be practical and sufficient, which runs well and meet the practical requirement in application.
Plagiarism Detection in Marathi Language Using Semantic Analysis
Authors: Naik Ramesh Ram , Landge Maheshkumar B. , C. Namrata Mahender
Published: January 2019

In this article, the authors have proposed a method to detect plagiarism in the Marathi language by using semantic analysis. Nowadays, plagiarism is a challenging task in educational and research fields. Currently, there are some tools available to detect the plagiarism on the basis of similarity of words. But there is no tool available to detect the plagiarism semantically. In this article, the authors have applied preprocessing to a database i.e. tokenization, removed stop words and punctuations, for the goal of calculating the frequency of words. Then searching the same word or synonyms of words in wordnet to detect the semantic plagiarism. It is useful for many researchers who are working in this domain.
Knowledge Management in Academic Community
Authors: Puri Karuna , Mulay Preeti
Published: January 2019

Students are roots of a country's economic-expansion, often opt for different forms of Code-Content based Plagiarism in University Programming-Labs to avoid time-consuming and challenging academic tasks or due to grades, and peers pressure. Students may lack analytical and logical program development skills. This urges for need of Smart and Computationally-Intelligent system like University Code-Content Plagiarism Prevention Model (UCCPM) to keep a check and prevent incidences of plagiarism in Universities. Integration of ‘UCCPM Intelligence' with ‘MARG's Prevention' would prove to be a beneficial Academic Predictive Model. It would open new vistas of knowledge oriented academic-research and knowledge management in academic and research community. Key to nation's wealth is knowledge, which in turn, traces back to academic research and the level of knowledge attained among students' in Universities. Hence the undertaken research provides directions to Universities to smartly detect cases of plagiarism and take appropriate measures to prevent it.
Academic Integrity
Authors: Li Mingsheng
Published: January 2019

Student plagiarism is a pervasive issue at all levels of study in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) around the world. Plagiarism is considered as a cultural phenomenon and students from certain cultures are often stereotyped as ‘persistent plagiarists'. This chapter reports the findings of a research project and examines the issues of academic dishonesty reported by Chinese students in New Zealand universities. Four lecturers and six university graduates participated in the interviews and the focus group discussion. The study has identified seven forms of disguised plagiarism deriving from four interrelated variables: inadequate language proficiency, lack of discipline knowledge and conventions, issues of assessment, and situational variables. The university is morally responsible to teach the students the concept of Academic Integrity (AI) and plagiarism, discipline conventions and rules of games in academic writing, and develop their language, writing, and research skills to help them avoid the traps of plagiarism.
Research Ethics
Authors: Schwester Richard W.
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, students are presented with the many ethical dilemmas that can potentially confront social science researchers. Research ethics centers of two fundamental principles: 1) the protection of human subjects and 2) maintaining the integrity of the research process. Both of these principles are discussed in the context of popular culture and past transgressions of researchers, specifically the film Ghostbusters, the Tuskegee experiments, and Milgram experiments.
Ethical Considerations in Online Research Methods
Authors: Suri Harsh , Patel Fay
Published: January 2019

Online research methods are gaining popularity in several disciplines as they offer numerous opportunities that were not feasible before. However, online research methods also present many challenges and complexities that give rise to ethical dilemmas for online researchers and research participants. This chapter discusses key ethical considerations in the four stages of the research process: research design, online data collection methods, data analysis methods, and online communication of research outcomes. Issues of power, voice, identity, representation, and anonymity in online research are discussed. The relationship between information and power and its implications for equity in online research is also examined. Rather than providing prescriptive recommendations, the authors use questioning as a strategic device to foster critical awareness and ethically informed decision-making among online researchers.
Ethical Issues in Qualitative Data Collection and Management
Authors: Sibinga Cees Th Smit
Published: January 2019

Qualitative data collection is largely defined by the personal experience and opinions of the examinee. The examinee is central in the approach, and not so much the researcher. The essence is a communication between the researcher and the examinee, where interpretation of both the questions asked and the answers provided serves the purpose of understanding. This type of research is interpretative and almost exclusively subjective, because the personal or subjective way of understanding and interpretation is central. However, there is certainly a serious possibility for external influence on the answers to be provided or even the way answers are interpreted. Additionally, there is a fair chance that the questions are phrased towards expected answers. There are various moments where ethics are paramount to the quality and acceptability of the research. To protect objectivity, ethical professionalism and professional morale are important. This chapter aims to describe and discuss ethical issues related to collection and management of data from qualitative research.
Research Methodologies for Multitasking Studies
Authors: Lin Lin , Cranton Patricia , Lee Jennifer
Published: January 2019

The research on multitasking is scattered across disciplines, and the definitions of multitasking vary according to the discipline. As a result, the research is not coherent nor consistent in the approaches taken to understanding this phenomenon. In this chapter, the authors review studies on multitasking in different disciplines with a focus on the research methodologies used. The three main research paradigms (empirical-analytical, interpretive, and critical) are used as a framework to understand the nature of the research. The strengths and weaknesses of the research in each of the paradigms are examined, and suggestions are made for utilizing different research methodologies to bring clarity to the research in this field. Such an endeavour will help to build interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research and help guide future research and theory building.
Citation Essentials in Scholarly Communication
Authors: Rao S. Sudarshan
Published: January 2019

This Chapter defines Citations, Citation Standards/Style Manuals and Scholarly Communication. It explains the importance of Scholarly Communication, and use of Citations in meeting the objectives of Scholarly Communication, especially in avoiding the accidental danger of plagiarism. It also explains how Bibliographic Management Systems (software)—both open / free and proprietary—have been helpful to the academics and researchers in providing standard methods of citations that is, both in-text citations and references list at the end of the text of the document while writing documents. It concludes by emphasizing the need for use of standard citation or style manual for proper dissemination of scholarly communications. There is a need for gaining adequate knowledge on how to cite and provide references in correct form in the publications to make them quality and scholarly works and also to avoid from the accidental danger of plagiarism.
Experiences With a Research Product
Authors: Børsting Jorun , Culén Alma Leora
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses challenges related to studying the use and usefulness of research products (robust, high fidelity prototypes placed in real use contexts for research purposes). Methods and methodologies for studying use and usefulness of such research products embedded in users' everyday lives are still lacking and need to be better established. By presenting a case of such research product in use, a robot avatar, we wish to illustrate how new knowledge of relevance for both designers and users can be gained. The robot avatar was designed to represent chronically ill adolescents at school, improving his/hers learning opportunities, as well as helping maintain social connections with peers. The chapter shows how methods were adapted and tools designed to work with this user group and learn about the role of avatars in education and reduction of social isolation. The value of using the avatar, and similar research products, is considered.
Control Architecture Model in Mobile Robots for the Development of Navigation Routes in Structured Environments
Authors: Hossian Alejandro , Monte Gustavo , Olivera Verónica
Published: January 2019

Robotic navigation applies to multiple disciplines and industrial environments. Coupled with the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with intelligent technologies, it has become significant in the field of cognitive robotics. The capacity of reaction of a robot in unexpected situations is one of the main qualities needed to function effectively in the environment where it should operate, indicating its degree of autonomy. This leads to improved performance in structured environments with obstacles identified by evaluating the performance of the reactive paradigm under the application of the technology of neural networks with supervised learning. The methodology implemented a simulation environment to train different robot trajectories and analyze its behavior in navigation and performance in the operation phase, highlighting the characteristics of the trajectories of training used and its operating environment, the scope and limitations of paradigm applied, and future research.
Hybrid Evolutionary Methods
Authors: Tiwari Ritu , Shukla Anupam , Kala Rahul
Published: January 2019

The limitations of single algorithm approaches lead to an attempt to hybridize or fuse multiple algorithms in the hope of removing the underlying limitations. In this chapter, the authors study the evolutionary algorithms for problem solving and try to use them in a unique manner so as to get a better performance. In the first approach, they use an evolutionary algorithm for solving the problem of motion planning in a static environment. An additional factor called momentum is introduced that controls the granularity with which a robotic path is traversed to compute its fitness. By varying the momentum, the map may be treated finer or coarser. The path evolves along the generations, with each generation adding to the maximum possible complexity of the path. Along with complexity (number of turns), the authors optimize the total path length as well as the minimum distance from the obstacle in the robotic path. The requirement of evolutionary parameter individuals as well as the maximum complexity is less at the start and more at the later stages of the algorithm. Momentum is made to decrease as the algorithm proceeds. This makes the exploration vague at the start and detailed at the later stages. As an extension to the same work, in the second approach of the chapter, the authors show the manner in which a hybrid algorithm may be used in place of simple genetic algorithm for solving the problem with momentum. A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization (HGAPSO) algorithm, which is a hybrid of a genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, is used in the same modeling scenario. In the third and last approach, the authors present a hierarchical evolutionary algorithm that operates in two hierarchies. The coarser hierarchy finds the path in a static environment consisting of the entire robotic map. The resolution of the map is reduced for computational speed. The finer hierarchy takes a section of the map and computes the path for both static and dynamic environments. Both these hierarchies carry optimization as the robot travels in the map. The static environment path gets more and more optimized along with generations. Hence, an extra setup cost is not required like other evolutionary approaches. The finer hierarchy makes the robot easily escape from the moving obstacle, almost following the path shown by the coarser hierarchy. This hierarchy extrapolates the movements of the various objects by assuming them to be moving with same speed and direction.
A PSO-Inspired Multi-Robot Map Exploration Algorithm Using Frontier-Based Strategy
Authors: Zhou Yi , Xiao Kai , Wang Yiheng , Liang Alei , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: January 2019

Map exploration is a fundamental problem in mobile robots. This paper presents a distributed algorithm that coordinates a team of autonomous mobile robots to explore an unknown environment. The proposed strategy is based on frontiers which are the regions on the boundary between open and unexplored space. With this strategy, robots are guided to move constantly to the nearest frontier to reduce the size of unknown region. Based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) model incorporated in the algorithm, robots are navigated towards remote frontier after exploring the local area. The exploration completes when there is no frontier cell in the environment. The experiments implemented on both simulated and real robot scenarios show that the proposed algorithm is capable of completing the exploration task. Compared to the conventional method of randomly selecting frontier, the proposed algorithm proves its efficiency by the decreased 60% exploration time at least. Additional experimental results show the decreased coverage time when the number of robots increases, which further suggests the validity, efficiency and scalability.
Optimal Robot Path Planning With Cellular Neural Network
Authors: Zhong Yongmin , Shirinzadeh Bijan , Yuan Xiaobu
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a new methodology based on neural dynamics for optimal robot path planning by drawing an analogy between cellular neural network (CNN) and path planning of mobile robots. The target activity is treated as an energy source injected into the neural system and is propagated through the local connectivity of cells in the state space by neural dynamics. By formulating the local connectivity of cells as the local interaction of harmonic functions, an improved CNN model is established to propagate the target activity within the state space in the manner of physical heat conduction, which guarantees that the target and obstacles remain at the peak and the bottom of the activity landscape of the neural network. The proposed methodology cannot only generate real-time, smooth, optimal, and collision-free paths without any prior knowledge of the dynamic environment, but it can also easily respond to the real-time changes in dynamic environments. Further, the proposed methodology is parameter-independent and has an appropriate physical meaning.
X3D-Based Virtual Prototype Robot Mechanism Simulation
Authors: XianHui Meng , Chong Yuan
Published: January 2019

This paper mainly studies the goal when using standard X3D robot virtual prototype technology research, design, and kinematics simulation of the body. In the study, the virtual prototype model should be able to satisfy the basic research and design of industrial robot kinematics. Validation X3D technology in the design of virtual prototype of robots can have good effective action. The design of industrial robot virtualization is positive. This work includes X3D technology based on the model, the robot kinematics mathematic model of virtual prototype, and the use of this robot kinematics model using the model analysis of the performance parameters of the robot virtual prototype. This paper solves X3D using the virtual prototype technology robot run to learn some key problems of the simulation of the virtual prototype of robot X3D expression methods (robot virtual body expression, organization, the assembly, and the constraint X3D research). Based on the virtual prototype, X3D is inverse kinematics calculation model.
Robotic CAM System Available for Both CL Data and NC Data
Authors: Nagata Fusaomi , Yoshitake Sho , Watanabe Keigo , Habib Maki K.
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes the development of a robotic CAM system for an articulated industrial robot from the viewpoint of robotic servo controller. It is defined here that the CAM system includes an important function that allows an industrial robot to move along not only numerical control data (NC data) but also cutter location data (CL data) consisting of position and orientation components. A reverse post-processor is proposed for the robotic CAM system to online generate CL data from the NC data generated for a five-axis NC machine tool with a tilting head, and the transformation accuracy about orientation components in CL data is briefly evaluated. The developed CAM system has a high applicability to other industrial robots with an open architecture controller whose servo system is technically opened to end-users, and also works as a straightforward interface between a general CAD/CAM system and an industrial robot. The basic design of the robotic CAM system and the experimental result are presented, in which an industrial robot can move based on not only CL data but also NC data without any teaching.
Development and Application of the STEAM Education Program Based on the Soccer Robot for Elementary Students
Authors: Yoon Ma-byong , Baek Je-eun
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this article was to develop an elementary school robot STEAM program and explore the possibility of field applications. To this end, the authors extracted the contents related to school achievement standards for 5th and 6th grade curricula around the topic of robot soccer, incorporating a relevant curriculum based on the extracted information. The program was composed of a sequence of situations, creative design, and emotional experience. Each step was prepared in the order of understanding the robot, making the soccer robot, and the robot soccer game. The program developed in this article is significant in that it provided an opportunity to enhance the relationship between content knowledge and real life, collaborative and social learning, metacognition education in new learning processes, new technological environments, and encourage interest in the fusion subject.
Improving Dependability of Robotics Systems, Experience From Application of Fault Tree Synthesis to Analysis of Transport Systems
Authors: Mahmud Nidhal
Published: January 2019

The use of robotics systems is increasingly widespread and spans a variety of application areas. From manufacturing, to surgeries, to chemical, these systems can be required to perform difficult, dangerous and critical tasks. The nature of such tasks places high demands on the dependability of robotics systems. Fault tree analysis is among the most often used dependability assessment techniques in various domains of robotics. However, there is still a lack of adjustment methods that can efficiently cope with the sequential dependencies among the components of such systems. In this paper, the authors first introduce some relevant techniques to analyze the dependability of robotics systems. Thereafter, an experience from research projects such as MAENAD (European automotive project investigating development of dependable Fully Electric Vehicles) is presented; emphasis is put on a novel approach to synthesizing fault trees from the components and that is suitable for modern high-technology robotics. Finally, the benefits of the approach are highlighted by using a fault-tolerant case study.
Human-Robot Communication Based on Self-Serving Bias for Daily Exercise Support
Authors: Obo Takenori
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a health promotion system with robot partner for elderly care. Aging society in Japan has been a big serious problem. The number of caregivers is not enough in the current situation and is not expected to substantially increase in future. Hence, comprehensive care and health promotion should be provided to heighten awareness about health. In this study, we built a daily exercise support system with a robot partner utilized as an exercise instructor. Moreover, we propose a human-robot communication model based on self-serving bias. In the experiment, we conduct a demonstration experiment and interview survey to discuss the validity of the communication model.
Developing and Validating a High School Version of the Robotics Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire
Authors: Ten Huang Yuan , Liu Eric Zhi-Feng , Lin Chun Hung , Liou Pey-Yan
Published: January 2019

Robotics has become a crucial domain in technology education, helping students to improve their abilities in assembly and programming. Despite the considerable research that has gone into the learning performance associated with robotics, little work has been done on the cognitive processes involved in learning this subject. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument (based on the theoretical framework of MSLQ), with which to evaluate the motivation of high school students to learn robotics and the strategies they employ. Fifty participants in the open category competition of the World Robot Olympiad 2010 completed the self-reported questionnaire (RMSLQ-HS). Thirteen factors and fifty one items were extracted using exploratory factor analysis. Implications for the educational application of robotics and research suggestions related to RMSLQ are also discussed.
Direct Perception and Action Decision for Unknown Object Grasping
Authors: Masuta Hiroyuki , Motoyoshi Tatsuo , Sawai Kei , Koyanagi Ken'ichi , Oshima Toru , Lim Hun-Ok
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses the direct perception of an unknown object and the action decision to grasp an unknown object using depth sensor for social robots. Conventional methods estimate the accurate physical parameters when a robot wants to grasp an unknown object. Therefore, we propose a perceptual system based on an invariant concept in ecological psychology, which perceives the information relevant to the action of the robot. Firstly, we proposed the plane detection based approach for perceiving an unknown object. In this paper, we propose the sensation of grasping which is expressed by using inertia tensor, and applied with fuzzy inference using the relation between principle moment of inertia. The sensation of grasping encourages the decision for the grasping action directly without inferring from physical value such as size, posture and shape. As experimental results, we show that the sensation of grasping expresses the relative position and posture between the robot and the object, and the embodiment of the robot arm by one parameter. And, we verify the validity of the action decision from the sensation of grasping.
Philosophy of Information Technology
Authors: Yulianto Budi , Shidarta
Published: January 2019

Technology moves from the sex toy to the sex robot, a sex doll with artificial intelligence (AI) implemented. It is not a surprise idea to move robot as a servant to a sexual partner. As AI becomes more advanced and interaction between human and robot becomes more personal, sex and marriage with robot could result in the future. The authors conducted survey to discuss current and future trend of sex robot, its advantages and disadvantages. This paper also presents falsification theorems and implications to business, human social, moral, and psychological life caused by sex robot. This paper closes the discussion with further works of important ethical issues to be considered with deontology or consequentialism, and suggests to concern of sex robot regulations rather than banning it.
Reconfiguration of Autonomous Robotics
Authors: Fu Yujian , Drager Steven
Published: January 2019

Autonomous robotics systems (ARSs) consist of multiple heterogeneous objects and intelligent inferences that are expected to take appropriate actions even in unforeseen circumstances. Dynamic reconfiguration of ARSs is a key enabling technology and plays a major role in the future cyber-enabled battle field. This research work, focused on the development of a formal approach to the specification and verification of reconfigurability of ARSs. Two typical problems w.r.t. the dynamic adaptation and reconfiguration of ARSs were identified and studied. The first problem is how to formally represent the ARSs and describe the reconfigurable behavior precisely so that the ARSs can adapt to the new changes. The second problem focuses on how to analyze and verify the formal model of the reconfiguration and ensure the correctness of the system during reconfiguration. Considering behavior preserving in the reconfiguration model, a net reconfiguration based on the natural transformation is introduced.
Robotics in Surgical Techniques Robotics in Surgical Techniques
Authors: Costarides Vassilia , Zygomalas Apollon , Giokas Kostas , Koutsouris Dimitris
Published: January 2019

Healthcare robotic applications are a growing trend due to rapid demographic changes that affect healthcare systems, professionals and quality of life indicators, for the elderly, the injured and the disabled. Current technological advances in robotic systems offer an exciting field for medical research, as the interdisciplinary approach of robotics in healthcare and specifically in surgery is continuously gaining ground. This chapter features a review of current applications, from external large scale robotic devices to nanoscale swarm robots programmed to interact on a cellular level.
Implications of Trade Liberalization for Food Security Under the ASEAN-India Strategic Partnership
Authors: Ghosh Ishita , Ghoshal Ishita
Published: January 2019

The objective of the chapter is to understand India's role in providing food security through trade with the ASEAN under the India-ASEAN Strategic Partnership. A dynamic panel has been employed to assess and estimate the said objective, given that India and most of the ASEAN countries are considered emerging markets. Econometric investigation points out that while almost more than half the variables in the augmented gravity model hold good, food imports from India, agricultural labour force, common maritime border, distance from India, food price index, food production index, GDP (size) of the importing country, per capita GDP of the importing economy, and trade openness have statistically significant effect on the food trade from India to the ASEAN. Improving maritime infrastructure and agri-logistics, investing in climate change and water management while augmenting the agri-labour productivity are of paramount importance in order to improve food trade between India and the ASEAN.
The Barriers to Innovation Diffusion
Authors: Nakandala Dilupa , Turpin Tim
Published: January 2019

Genetically Modified (GM) food has been positioned as a significant innovation with a huge potential for alleviating malnutrition in developing economies. Some potential beneficiaries, however, have been reluctant to accept GM food. Many countries have GM food regulations and some have banned GM organisms. This chapter focuses on barriers to diffusion of innovation and analyses the case of GM food diffusion in Sri Lanka using the Rogers's classical model of innovation diffusion. A complete ban on GM products in 2001 was later relaxed to demand only GM labelling regulations, but GM food has not gained a prominent position in the Sri Lankan market. The attributes of GM food perceived by consumers, the communication system, government responses and broader social expectations have been unfavorable to GM food diffusion. The case of GM food innovation in Sri Lanka demonstrates the very social nature of the process, involving far more than seed producers, growers and related commercial enterprises.
Food Safety From Consumer Perspective
Authors: Domazet Ivana , Djokić Nenad
Published: January 2019

Consumer perception is one of the aspects from which food safety can be considered. This view of food safety, named in the literature as subjective safety, does not necessarily correspond to objective food safety and is also considered as not being easily influenced by education of consumers. Having that in mind, the first goal of this chapter is to examine different approaches to food safety and the results of previous research dealing with consumer perspective of food safety. Besides giving broad literature review of the topic, the goal of this chapter is to implement Consumer confidence in food safety scale in Serbian consumer research. The validity, reliability, and one-dimensionality of this scale, which consists of optimism and pessimism (two dimensions of confidence), are tested and determinants of different rating on it are examined. The research from 2016 includes 300 participants in the main survey. Finally, starting from profiling consumers with different levels of general confidence in food safety, managerial recommendations are provided.
Integrating Spatial Technologies in Urban Environments for Food Security
Authors: Joseph Edwin , O'Dea Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

Food security for the urban poor has been an important topic for both developed and developing countries over the last 15 years. Although South Bend Indiana is a city in a developed country, declining economic circumstances have caused the city to show significant urban decay somewhat similar to some cities in developing countries. In this chapter, we explore South Bend's history and economic development strategies, and review practices aimed at strengthening food security for the urban poor. The chapter documents how numerous disparate organizations have been trying to help alleviate urban poverty and hunger, and reviews previous strategies used to foster sustainable growth and development. The integration of spatial technologies will become a key factor for promoting community social networks, participatory planning, and collaboration. The case is presented for the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and associated technologies to help organizations, community leaders, local organizations, city planners, higher education institutions and the urban poor, work together to alleviate poverty and malnutrition through networking and sustainable urban agriculture.
The Economic Determinants of Food Security in the MENA Region
Authors: Koç Ahmet Ali , Ozdamar Oznur , Uysal Peyman
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to analyse the determinants of the food insecurity examining the relationship of important economic,social and natural factors with an overall food insecurity index that derived by dividing the food imports value to the sum of total exports and the net remittance inflows. Overall analysis is made by employing panel-data methods using a dataset that covers 18MENA countries and Turkey for the period of 1990-2014.Emprical results support the evidence of the harmful effect of price increases on food security. Furthermore, significance of education related variables and fresh water withdrawals indicate that the region has had benefit from nearly 30 years investment on education and intensive water exploitation, although poor water management and great waste of irrigation will most likely have negative effects on food security in the near future.
A System Dynamics Model for Subsistence Farmers' Food Security Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Oyo Benedict , Kalema Billy Mathias
Published: January 2019

Food security at subsistence farmers' level in sub-Saharan Africa has become an issue of concern due to increasing vulnerability caused by a number of factors such as: changing climate, resource scarcity (e.g. land and inputs), environmental degradation (e.g. declining soil fertility, deforestation, and surface water eutrophication), market failures and weak public/donor support initiatives. In light of these challenges, farmers must be prepared to survive by self-provisioning. To pursue the fastest and most practical route to improved food security, focus should be on resilience based initiatives at household and community levels. In this paper, the authors investigate the factors that have enabled subsistence farmers to succeed despite the previous shocks and stresses, and develop a system dynamics model for sustainable food security based on initiatives exclusive to the farmers. The model is used to examine the question: how can innovative subsistence farmers engage in better livelihood and market orientated production irrespective of external public or donor support?
Rights-Based Approach to Food and Nutrition Security in Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Clementina Oluwafunke , Adenegan Kemisola O.
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the need for a rights-based approach to food and nutrition security in Nigeria. The topic is introduced with the definition of basic terms used throughout the chapter. The objectives of this chapter are to create awareness of the need to adopt a rights-based approach to food and nutrition security and help define the context of the right to food in Nigeria. The rest of the chapter sets out the roles of right holders, duty bearers, and accountable agents in food and nutrition security. It highlights their rights, obligations, and responsibilities, as well as voluntary guidelines and implications for a rights-based approach to food. The chapter also reviews policies that have been developed toward ensuring a right to food in Nigeria.
Moderating Role of Demographics on Attitude Towards Organic Food Purchase Behavior
Authors: Khare Arpita
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the current research is to examine moderating role of demographics on attitude towards organic food purchase behavior. Environmental attitude components were classified as actual, verbal, and affect commitment. Data was collected through survey technique in six cities across India. The findings revealed that consumers' attitude towards organic food purchase was influenced by attitude components of Actual and Verbal commitment and moderated by demographic factors of income, gender and age. The findings can be of use to firms marketing organic food brands in India. Environmental attitude factors and demographic factors like income, age, and gender can be used for profiling consumers. With increased growth of organic food market in the country, green marketing and organic food products are upcoming research areas. There is limited research on Indian consumers' attitude towards organic food products. The findings can provide valuable insights to companies marketing these products in the country.
New Food Industries Toward a New Level of Sustainable Supply
Authors: D'Aleo Vittorio , D'Aleo Francesco , Bonanno Roberta
Published: January 2019

“Novel foods” indicates all those foods that do not fall within the traditional western diet. The authors underline that there is an important economic potential linked to this new sector. After having introduced the topic by identifying what is meant by new food, food sustainability, and entrepreneurship in this sector, the analysis focuses on the qualitative aspects of novel foods. The authors emphasize the advantages of these sources, their qualities, and the impact on the environment. In this chapter, the authors demonstrate that novel food sources can be a substitute for other food that require production processes, and thus make a big impact on the environment. After figuring out the advantages of novel food sources, the authors analyze some success stories from the companies that already operate in this area. They also investigate existing business models on the novel food market and the way they operate and create wealth. Summarizing the results of their research, the authors underline the economic potential of the new foods exploitation in the Mediterranean area.
Integrating Environment, Food Systems, and Sustainability in Feeding the Growing Population in Developing Countries
Authors: Obayelu Abiodun Elijah
Published: January 2019

Food is indispensable to life. It plays an important role in the economy but what is not well known is the impact of production and consumption that food has on the environment. The nexus of food systems and the environment are complex and driven by many economic, socio-cultural, and environmental factors considered to be important in the contemporary global arena. As the world population grows, there is an increased demand on the already stretched food system and fragile environment. Processes along the food chain from agricultural production to food consumption produce outputs other than consumable food that are returned to the natural environment such as pollution or waste. This chapter sheds light on the links in food systems and environment in developing countries. A major finding is that the existing food systems that were supposed to produce adequate food for all are placing major stress on environmental assets including soil, water, fisheries, and biodiversity. For food systems to be sustainable, all hands must be on deck.
Developing an Economic Estimation System for Vertical Farms
Authors: Shao Yiming , Heath Tim , Zhu Yan
Published: January 2019

The concept of vertical farming is nearly twenty years old, however, there are only a few experimental prototypes despite its many advantages compared to conventional agriculture. Significantly, financial uncertainty has been identified as the largest barrier to the realization of a ‘real' vertical farm. Some specialists have provided ways to calculate costs and return on investment, however, most of them are superficial with calculations based on particular contextual circumstances. To move the concept forwards a reliable and flexible estimating tool, specific to this new building typology, is clearly required. A computational system, software named VFer, has therefore been developed by the authors to provide such a solution. This paper examines this highly flexible, customised system and results from several typical vertical farm configurations in three mega-cities (Shanghai, London and Washington DC) are used to elucidate the potential economic return of vertical farms.
Building an Urban Food System Through UDC Food Hubs
Authors: O'Hara Sabine , Jones Dwane , Trobman Harris B.
Published: January 2019

The Landgrant College of the University of the District of Columbia embodies the university's unique mission as the only exclusively urban land-grant university in the United States. With most of the world's population now living in urban areas, this mission is relevant to cities worldwide. The UDC urban food hubs reimagine our food system as diversified, urban, and encompassing food production, food preparation, food distribution, and waste and water recovery. The hubs utilize bio-intensive hydroponic and aquaponic systems and green roofs to maximize productivity on small urban spaces; kitchens as business incubators and training facilities for food processing and nutrition education; waste and water reuse through composting, rain water capture, and green infrastructure. Each of these components offers opportunities for business startups and capacity building. The hubs also re-connect urban neighborhoods to nature. This chapter describes the urban food hubs, their locations, and the training, wellness, and leadership opportunities they offer to UDC students and DC residents.
Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Farming
Authors: Kumar V. Hemanth , Sentamilselvan K.
Published: January 2019

In the rapid growing urbanization, especially in the metros, it is not sure that it really leads to development of the society nor becoming a threat to it. The urbanization leads to shrinkage of the fertile and farming lands to concrete monuments for human to work in an artificial atmosphere. The vertical urbanization is very common in the cities than horizontal, due to shortage of lands. This leads to the vital resources of food and vegetables in scarce for the drastically overflowing population, ends up in fast foods and packed foods culture, that is far from organic foods, which is a clear path towards obesity, diabetes and high rate of heart disease among the youth. This study is an initiative to bring out the feasibility of urban farming that struggles to strengthen its roots in our nation. The research focuses on the challenges and opportunities of urban farming in the society. The outcomes shall bring out societal views on urban farming and the suggest ways to overcome the hindrances and facilitate the people towards utilizing the opportunities of urban farming with its benefits and ‘Let the City Grow Green', which is the way to enrich health for their present and future generations.