bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equations at critical regularities
Authors: Oh Tadahiro , Okamoto Mamoru
Published: January 2020

We consider the Cauchy problem for the defocusing stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equations (SNLS) with an additive noise in the mass-critical and energy-critical settings. By adapting the probabilistic perturbation argument employed in the context of the random data Cauchy theory by Bényi et al. (Trans Am Math Soc Ser B 2:1–50, 2015) to the current stochastic PDE setting, we present a concise argument to establish global well-posedness of the mass-critical and energy-critical SNLS.
CIRCexplorer3: A CLEAR Pipeline for Direct Comparison of Circular and Linear RNA Expression
Authors: Ma Xu-Kai , Wang Meng-Ran , Liu Chu-Xiao , Dong Rui , Carmichael Gordon G. , Chen Ling-Ling , Yang Li
Published: January 2020

Sequences of circular RNAs (circRNAs) produced from back-splicing of exon(s) completely overlap with those from cognate linear RNAs transcribed from the same gene loci with the exception of their back-splicing junction (BSJ) sites. Therefore, examination of global circRNA expression from RNA-seq datasets generally relies on the detection of RNA-seq fragments spanning BSJ sites, which is different from the quantification of linear RNA expression by normalized RNA-seq fragments mapped to whole gene bodies. Thus, direct comparison of circular and linear RNA expression from the same gene loci in a genome-wide manner has remained challenging. Here, we update the previously-reported CIRCexplorer pipeline to version 3 for circular and linear RNA expression analysis from ribosomal-RNA depleted RNA-seq (CIRCexplorer3-CLEAR). A new quantitation parameter, fragments per billion mapped bases (FPB), is applied to evaluate circular and linear RNA expression individually by fragments mapped to circRNA-specific BSJ sites or to linear RNA-specific splicing junction (SJ) sites. Comparison of circular and linear RNA expression levels is directly achieved by dividing FPBcirc by FPBlinear to generate a CIRCscore, which indicates the relative circRNA expression level using linear RNA expression level as the background. Highly-expressed circRNAs with low cognate linear RNA expression background can be readily identified by CIRCexplorer3-CLEAR for further investigation. CIRCexplorer3-CLEAR is publically available at https://github.com/YangLab/CLEAR.
Length of stay, cost, and mortality of healthcare-acquired bloodstream infections in children and neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Karagiannidou Sofia , Triantafyllou Christos , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Papaevangelou Vassiliki , Maniadakis Nikolaos , Kourlaba Georgia
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To estimate the attributable mortality, length of stay (LOS), and healthcare cost of pediatric and neonatal healthcare-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSIs).

Design:

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A systematic search (January 2000–September 2018) was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases. Reference lists of selected articles were screened to identify additional studies. Case–control or cohort studies were eligible for inclusion when full text was available in English and data for at least 1 of the following criteria were provided: attributable or excess LOS, healthcare cost, or mortality rate due to HA-BSI. Study quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tool (CASP). Study selection and quality assessment were conducted by 2 independent researchers, and a third researcher was consulted to resolve any disagreements. Fixed- or random-effect models, as appropriate, were used to synthesize data. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated.

Results:

In total, 21 studies were included in the systematic review and 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Attributable mean LOS ranged between 4 and 27.8 days; healthcare cost ranged between $1,642.16 and $160,804 (2019 USD) per patient with HA-BSI; and mortality rate ranged between 1.43% and 24%. The pooled mean attributable hospital LOS was 16.91 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.70–20.11) and the pooled attributable mortality rate was 8% (95% CI, 6–9). A meta-analysis was not conducted for cost due to lack of eligible studies.

Conclusions:

Pediatric HA-BSIs have a significant impact on mortality, LOS, and healthcare cost, further highlighting the need for implementation of HA-BSI prevention strategies.
Respiratory adenovirus infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised adult patients
Authors: Cederwall S. , Påhlman L. I.
Published: January 2020

Adenovirus (AdV) can cause severe respiratory infections in children and immunocompromised patients, but less is known about severe AdV pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. In this retrospective study, we compared respiratory tract infections and pneumonia caused by AdV in immunocompromised and immunocompetent adult patients regarding clinical presentation and severity of infection. The results show that AdV can cause severe infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, and the clinical presentation and need for hospitalisation, mechanical ventilation and antiviral treatment were equal in both groups. No underlying risk factors for severe AdV infection in healthy individuals were identified.
Early experiences of insensitive caregiving and children's self-regulation: Vagal tone as a differential susceptibility factor
Authors: Skibo Michael A. , Sturge-Apple Melissa L. , Suor Jennifer H.
Published: January 2020

A considerable body of research has linked parenting to the development of children's self-regulation. However, few studies have considered different domains of self-regulation, the effects of early caregiving behaviors, and whether or not parenting influences children equally. Towards this, the present investigation tested how early maternal insensitivity was associated with difficulties in children's effortful control in early childhood and their regulation of negative emotions during the early school years. Further, we tested whether children's resting vagal tone may operate as a susceptibility factor, consistent with differential susceptibility models. The sample included 220 pairs of mothers and their children who were assessed at 18 months, 3.5 years and 5 years of age. Laboratory visits consisted of observational paradigms and survey assessments. Early maternal insensitivity at 18 months of age forecasted difficulties with effortful control at age 3.5. Moreover, effortful control at age 3.5 was associated with greater anger, but not sadness, regulation at age 5. Consistent with differential susceptibility, children's resting vagal tone at 18 months of age moderated the role of early caregiving on children's effortful control. The findings suggest that low resting vagal tone may operate as a differential susceptibility factor in process models testing associations between early caregiving environments and children's self-regulation.
Surface Deformation and Influence of Hydrological Mass Over Himalaya and North India Revealed From a Decade of Continuous GPS and GRACE Observations
Authors: Saji Ajish P. , Sunil P. S. , Sreejith K. M. , Gautam Param K. , Kumar K. Vijay , Ponraj M. , Amirtharaj S. , Shaju Rose Mary , Begum S. K. , Reddy C. D. , Ramesh D. S.
Published: January 2020

The India‐Eurasia collision, driven by tectonic forcing, is modulated by nontectonic forcing allied to seasonal variations in the neighboring regions. To decipher the ground deformation in response to hydrological mass variations of the Himalaya and North India, we analyzed continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) observations from 50 sites together with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data for the period 2004–2015. Vertical components of surface deformation derived from GPS and GRACE show moderate to high‐level amplitude correlation with a slope value of 0.76 and a level of phase delay from ±25° to ±30°. The average weighted root‐mean‐square reduction (WRMS) of 17.72% suggests the prominence of hydrological mass variations particularly over the sub‐Himalaya and Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP). GPS‐derived vertical deformation after correcting the hydrological effects utilizing GRACE observations suggests that the sub‐Himalaya and IGP are undergoing subsidence and the surrounding areas show uplift. In addition to the tectonic and nontectonic forcings, an unsustainable consumption of groundwater associated to irrigation and other anthropogenic uses influence the subsidence rate in the IGP and sub‐Himalaya. Further, 2‐D elastic dislocation modeling suggests that GRACE correction to the GPS vertical velocity causes a reduction in the subsurface slip rate estimation over the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) system by 12.06% and improves the chi‐square misfit by 20.32%.
Assessment of CMIP6 Cloud Fraction and Comparison with Satellite Observations
Authors: Vignesh P. Preetham , Jiang Jonathan H. , Kishore P. , Su Hui , Smay Timothy , Brighton Nicholas , Velicogna Isabella
Published: January 2020

The seasonal and regional variations of cloud fractions are compared across two generations of global climate model ensembles, specifically, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project‐5 (CMIP5) and CMIP6, through the historical period in terms of skills and multimodel agreement. We find a wider spread of historical cloud fraction changes in the CMIP6 than was simulated by the CMIP5. The global mean cloud fractions of CMIP6 increased by about 4.5% from the CMIP5, which attributed to greater changes in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. The CMIP6 cloud fractions in recent years are validated with the CALIPSO_CLOUSAT observations to understand the cloud fraction uncertainties in CMIP6 models. The CMIP6 ensemble mean of cloud fractions compares well with the observations with a mean difference of 0.5% in lower altitudes. The CMIP6 cloud fractions are higher than the observations at higher latitudes in both hemispheres in the upper troposphere, and the biases vary from one model to another. The spatial difference between the ensemble and observations is further revealed over the tropics: where the model displays a 3% higher bias. In addition, we observed a significant trend occuring in the northern hemisphere since the mid‐20th century using calculations of cloud fraction trends based on the robust regression technique. Finally, we reduce the differences between the model and observations by applying a simple regression technique. The results exemplify that the model and modified observations compare well, with the root mean square value decreased by nearly 28%, and the correlation increased significantly.
Effect of Intense Weathering and Postdepositional Degradation of Organic Matter on Hg/TOC Proxy in Organic‐rich Sediments and its Implicationsfor Deep‐Time Investigations
Authors: Charbonnier Guillaume , Adatte Thierry , Föllmi Karl B. , Suan Guillaume
Published: January 2020

Mercury (Hg) enrichments in sediments are increasingly used as tracer for distal volcanism in deep‐time investigations. The impact of changes in organic‐matter deposition and preservation on sedimentary Hg sequestration is, however, poorly understood. In this study, we evaluate the potential role of intense weathering and postdepositional organic‐matter degradation on the Hg/TOC proxy in sediments. For this, we investigate weathering profiles in organic‐rich sediments from lowermost Toarcian sediments (T‐OAE; Lafarge cement quarry, France) and organic‐rich deposits from the uppermost Cenomanian‐lowermost Turonian Bonarelli level (OAE2; Furlo and Monte Velo, Italy; Manilva and El Chorro, Spain). The comparison of Hg data along weathering profiles in lowermost Toarcian sediments indicates that recent intense oxidation of the originally organic‐rich deposits has removed up to 89% of the Hg signal. The organic‐rich sediments of the Furlo and Manilva sections are characterized by lower Hg/total organic carbon (TOC) ratios, which suggest important Hg scavenging by organic matter (OM) deposition. At the opposite, in equivalent successions, three significant positive Hg/TOC excursions persist at El Chorro and Monte Velo. These samples exhibit low Hydrogen Index (HI) values, which plot in the field of type‐III OM. This resulted from postdepositional degradation of marine OM type II to type III, which largely modified the amount and the quality of OM. Consequently, the recorded Hg/TOC ratios do not reflect original Hg drawdown but postdepositional oxidation, suggesting that extreme care is needed in the evaluation of the history of OM preservation when using Hg as a proxy for volcanic activity.
Geographic and Oceanographic Influences on Ferromanganese Crust Composition Along a Pacific Ocean Meridional Transect, 14 N to 14S
Authors: Mizell Kira , Hein James R. , Lam Phoebe J. , Koppers Anthony A. P. , Staudigel Hubert
Published: January 2020

The major controls on the variability of ferromanganese (FeMn) crust composition have been generally described over the past 40 years; however, most compilation studies lack quantitative statistics and are limited to a small region of several seamounts or compare FeMn crusts from disparate areas of the global oceans. This study provides the first detailed research to address the geographic and oceanographic controls of FeMn crust composition from a line of seamounts across 30° of latitude in the west central Pacific. Element concentrations from the uppermost layer (<15 mm) of 57 FeMn crusts were evaluated for statistically significant variance and correlation with a variety of oceanographic and geographic parameters. Manganese, Co, Ni, Mo, and Zn concentrations in crusts in this region are highly anticorrelated with seawater oxygen concentrations, suggesting oxygen as the dominant controlling factor for these elements. Iron instead correlates with water depth, which we attribute to increased carbonate ion concentration with increasing water depth. Silicon and Al content in crusts demonstrate a potential meridional variance of detrital inputs and sources in the region. Iron, Ba, and Mg are enriched in FeMn crusts below the equatorial upwelling zone which is related to biological productivity. Fluctuations in the four oceanographic and geographic parameters, seawater oxygen content, detrital input, surface productivity, and deep sources of iron, are robustly recorded by FeMn crusts. Modern measurements of these primary parameters, as well as paleoceanographic reconstructions, can be used to define regions of interest for FeMn crust exploration.
Self‐Potential Ambient Noise and Spectral Relationship With Urbanization, Seismicity, and Strain Rate Revealed via the Taiwan Geoelectric Monitoring Network
Authors: Chen Hong‐Jia , Ye Zheng‐Kai , Chiu Chi‐Yu , Telesca Luciano , Chen Chien‐Chih , Chang Wu‐Lung
Published: January 2020

Geoelectric self‐potential (SP) signals are sensitive to natural and anthropogenic factors. The SP spectral characteristics under the different factors in Taiwan were investigated, and the SP spectral scalings were correlated with urbanization level, seismicity, and crustal deformation. The ambient SP noise models were first established by estimating the probability density functions of the spectrograms at each frequency. The effects of the natural and anthropogenic factors on the SP signals are understood by comparing the SP noise models under various conditions, such as precipitation, urbanization, and electric trains. Results show that the SP signals in areas of high industrialization and human activity and areas close to train stations behave as white noises and exhibit a distinct spectral ripple at frequencies around 1 Hz. On the other hand, the SP spectral power law parameters, Gutenberg‐Richter b values, and dilation strain rates were estimated by using the SP, earthquake catalog, and GPS data, respectively, during 2012–2017. By investigating the correlations of the SP spectral parameters with the Gutenberg‐Richter b value, dilation strain rates, and urbanization level, the SP optimal frequency band is found between 0.006 and 1 Hz due to the high correlation between the SP and seismicity data and between the SP and dilation data and the low correlation between the SP and urbanization data. Hence, this study may help the filtering and screening of the SP data and facilitate the understanding of the mechano‐electric behavior in the crust.
ITRF2014, Earth Figure Changes, and Geocenter Velocity: Implications for GIA and Recent Ice Melting
Authors: Métivier Laurent , Rouby Hélène , Rebischung Paul , Altamimi Zuheir
Published: January 2020

Using a selection of Global Navigation Satellite System vertical velocities from the latest solution of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) ITRF2014, we calculate the degree‐1 and degree‐2 spherical harmonics coefficients (SHC) of the solid Earth figure changes at different dates, with realistic errors that take into account the inhomogeneity of the network. We find that the SHC are globally close to zero except the zonal coefficients, which show values notably larger than those derived from different glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models and which have tended to increase during the time span of observations. We show that these differences are most probably due to global recent ice melting (RIM). Assuming elastic RIM deformation, we then investigate the Earth's geocenter velocity and the geoid oblateness time evolution (J2‐rate) derived from our SHC estimations. The obtained geocenter velocity reaches 0.9 ± 0.5 mm/year in 2013 with a z‐component of 0.8 ± 0.4 mm/year, which is slightly larger than previous estimations. We compare our J2‐rate estimations with observations. Our estimations show a similar acceleration in J2 after 2000. However, our estimates are notably larger than the observations. This indicates either that the J2‐rate due to GIA processes is lower than expected (as proposed by Nakada et al., 2015, 2016) or that the deformation induced by RIM is not purely elastic, or both. Finally, we show that viscous relaxation or phase transitions in the mantle transition zone may only partly explain this discrepancy. This raises the question of the accuracy of current mass estimations of RIM and GIA models.
Three‐Dimensional Surface Displacements During the 2016 MW 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (New Zealand) From Photogrammetry‐Derived Point Clouds
Authors: Howell A. , Nissen E. , Stahl T. , Clark K. , Kearse J. , Van Dissen R. , Villamor P. , Langridge R. , Jones K.
Published: January 2020

High‐resolution, three‐dimensional (3‐D) measurements of surface displacements during earthquakes can provide constraints on fault geometry and near‐surface slip and also quantify on‐fault and off‐fault deformation. However, measurements of surface displacements are often hampered by a lack of high‐resolution preearthquake elevation data, such as lidar. For example, preearthquake lidar for the 2016 MW 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake only covers ≲10% of ~180 km of mapped surface ruptures. To overcome a lack of preearthquake lidar, we measure 3‐D coseismic displacements during the Kaikōura earthquake using point clouds generated from aerial photographs. From these point clouds, which cover the whole area of the 2016 surface ruptures, it is possible to measure 3‐D displacements to within ±0.2 m. We measure coseismic slip and estimate the geometries of faults in the steep, inaccessible Seaward Kaikōura mountains, where postearthquake field observations are very sparse. The Jordan Fault (previously the Jordan Thrust) ruptured in 2016 as a moderate‐to‐steeply dipping (~50–80°), predominantly strike‐slip fault. Slip on this fault in 2016—which included a normal‐sense component in some areas—contrasts with field observations that indicate significant longer‐term shortening across the Jordan Fault during the Holocene. It is therefore likely that different earthquakes on the Jordan Fault have very different slip vectors and that the fault does not exhibit “characteristic” slip behavior. For faults like the Jordan Fault, long‐term time‐averaged estimates of slip rate may not be reliable indicators of the sense and magnitude of slip in individual earthquakes.
High Seasonal Variability in Sediment Carbon Stocks of Cold‐Temperate Seagrass Meadows
Authors: Dahl Martin , Asplund Maria E. , Deyanova Diana , Franco João N. , Koliji Alan , Infantes Eduardo , Perry Diana , Björk Mats , Gullström Martin
Published: January 2020

Seagrass meadows have a high ability to capture and store atmospheric CO2 in the plant biomass and underlying sediment and thereby function as efficient carbon sinks. The seagrass Zostera marina is a common species in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, a region with strong seasonal variations in climate. How seasonality affects carbon storage capacity in seagrass meadows is largely unknown, and therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess variations in sedimentary total organic carbon (TOC) content over a 1‐year cycle in seagrass meadows on the Swedish west coast. The TOC was measured in two Z. marina sites, one wave exposed and one sheltered, and at two depths (1.5 and 4 m) within each site, every second month from August 2015 to June 2016. We found a strong seasonal variation in carbon density, with a peak in early summer (June), and that the TOC was negatively correlated to the net community production of the meadows, presumably related to organic matter degradation. There was seasonal variation in TOC content at all sediment sections, indicating that the carbon content down to 30 cm is unstable on a seasonal scale and therefore likely not a long‐term carbon sink. The yearly mean carbon stocks were substantially higher in the sheltered meadow (3,965 and 3,465 g m−2) compared to the exposed one (2,712 and 1,054 g m−2) with similar seasonal variation. Due to the large intra‐annual variability in TOC content, seasonal variation should be considered in carbon stock assessments and management for cold‐temperate seagrass meadows.
The Advanced Indian MST Radar (AIR): System Description and Sample Observations
Authors: Durga Rao M. , Kamaraj P. , Kamal Kumar J. , Jayaraj K. , Prasad K. M. V. , Raghavendra J. , Narayana Rao T. , Patra A. K.
Published: January 2020

An upgraded version of the Indian MST radar, called Advanced Indian Mesosphere‐Stratosphere‐Troposphere (MST) radar (AIR), has recently been commissioned. The prime objective of constructing the AIR is to make it a more useful instrument for conducting new experiments, which enable us to broaden our knowledge on the dynamical and electrodynamical processes including coupling from the boundary layer to the ionosphere. The AIR works at 53 MHz, and the system has been rebuilt, keeping the original square antenna array consisting of 1,024 Yagi antennae. The AIR is a high‐power, fully active phased array system with dedicated 1‐kW solid‐state transmit‐receive units, providing a total peak power of 1,024 kW, and control systems that allow steering the beam with 360° azimuth and 24° zenith agility. Also, the antenna system has been configured with modularity and scalability, which facilitates selection of antenna subarray and aperture for carrying out multireceiver experiments. The antenna radiation pattern tests reveal that the beam width and first side lobe level are close to the designed values of 2.2° and −13.2 dB, respectively. Currently, the system is equipped with 18 receivers to carry out spaced receiver experiments. The transmitters have been designed to transmit very short and long pulses for studying boundary layer to ionosphere. This paper presents the system description of the AIR and sample observations made using the system in Doppler beam swinging mode demonstrating its capabilities for studying neutral atmosphere and ionosphere.
The Role of Arc‐Arc Collision in Accretionary Orogenesis: Insights From ∼320 Ma Tectono‐sedimentary Transition in the Karamaili Area, NW China
Authors: Li Di , He Dengfa , Sun Min , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2020

Understanding the tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the Karamaili orogenic belt and reflective collisional processes between the Junggar and Yemaquan blocks in NW China is critical for assessing the role of arc‐arc collision during accretion forming Central Asian Orogenic Belt. An integrated multidisciplinary investigation has been conducted on the Carboniferous strata across the Karamaili suture zone. Three Carboniferous tectonostratigraphic units in the Karamaili orogenic belt were identified, that is, Early Carboniferous clastic sequences, clastic‐volcanic sequences, and Late Carboniferous carbonate‐clastic sequences. The deposition of the Early Carboniferous strata in the northern Junggar block was controlled by normal faults in an extensional setting, accompanied with sediment supplies from the Junggar block. The Upper Carboniferous is distributed in the Junggar block and at the southern margin of the Yemaquan block, unconformably overlain by rift sequences. This unit shows a foreland‐type depositional pattern typical for a contractional regime and gained the detritus from the Yemaquan block. Such tectono‐sedimentary evolution corresponds to a ∼350–330 Ma rifting event in the Junggar arc and a ∼330–320 Ma collision event between the Junggar and Yemaquan arcs prior to the onset of intraplate rifting at ∼320 Ma. Given the temporal‐spatial distributions of the arc and rift magmatism in the southern Junggar area, we propose that two phases of rifting were likely associated with slab rollback of the subducting North Tianshan oceanic plate. The Karamaili collision may transfer crustal shortening to the southern margin of the Junggar arc resulting in coupling across the plate boundary, implying that arc‐arc collision is a possible mechanism for driving accretionary orogenesis.
Can Remotely Sensed Actual Evapotranspiration Facilitate Hydrological Prediction in Ungauged Regions Without Runoff Calibration?
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Chiew Francis H. S. , Liu Changming , Tang Qiuhong , Xia Jun , Tian Jing , Kong Dongdong , Li Congcong
Published: January 2020

Runoff prediction in ungauged catchments is a significant hydrological challenge. The common approach is to calibrate hydrological models against streamflow data from gauged catchments, and then regionalize or transfer parameter values from the gauged calibration to predict runoff in the ungauged catchments. This paper explores the potential for using parameter values from hydrological models calibrated solely against readily available remotely sensed evapotranspiration data to estimate runoff time series. The advantage of this approach is that it does not require observed streamflow data for model calibration and is therefore particularly useful for runoff prediction in poorly gauged or ungauged regions. The modeling experiments are carried out using data from 222 catchments across Australia. The results from the remotely sensed evapotranspiration runoff‐free calibration are encouraging, particularly in simulating monthly runoff and mean annual runoff in the wetter catchments. However, results for daily runoff and in the drier regions are relatively poor, and further developments are needed to realize the benefit of direct model calibration against remotely sensed data to predict runoff in ungauged catchments.
IKKβ overexpression together with a lack of tumour suppressor genes causes ameloblastic odontomas in mice
Authors: Page Angustias , Bravo Ana , Suarez-Cabrera Cristian , Sanchez-Baltasar Raquel , Oteo Marta , Morcillo Miguel Angel , Casanova M. Llanos , Segovia Jose C. , Navarro Manuel , Ramirez Angel
Published: January 2020

Odontogenic tumours are a heterogeneous group of lesions that develop in the oral cavity region and are characterized by the formation of tumoural structures that differentiate as teeth. Due to the diversity of their histopathological characteristics and clinical behaviour, the classification of these tumours is still under debate. Alterations in morphogenesis pathways such as the Hedgehog, MAPK and WNT/β-catenin pathways are implicated in the formation of odontogenic lesions, but the molecular bases of many of these lesions are still unknown. In this study, we used genetically modified mice to study the role of IKKβ (a fundamental regulator of NF-κB activity and many other proteins) in oral epithelial cells and odontogenic tissues. Transgenic mice overexpressing IKKβ in oral epithelial cells show a significant increase in immune cells in both the oral epithelia and oral submucosa. They also show changes in the expression of several proteins and miRNAs that are important for cancer development. Interestingly, we found that overactivity of IKKβ in oral epithelia and odontogenic tissues, in conjunction with the loss of tumour suppressor proteins (p53, or p16 and p19), leads to the appearance of odontogenic tumours that can be classified as ameloblastic odontomas, sometimes accompanied by foci of secondary ameloblastic carcinomas. These tumours show NF-κB activation and increased β-catenin activity. These findings may help to elucidate the molecular determinants of odontogenic tumourigenesis and the role of IKKβ in the homoeostasis and tumoural transformation of oral and odontogenic epithelia.
A Ras-LSD1 axis activates PI3K signaling through PIK3IP1 suppression
Authors: Lee Kyunghee , Kitagawa Mayumi , Liao Pei Ju , Virshup David M. , Lee Sang Hyun
Published: January 2020

PI3K Interacting Protein 1 (PIK3IP1) is a suppressor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. We previously reported that activated Ras suppresses PIK3IP1 expression to positively regulate the PI3K pathway in cancer cells. Using doxycycline-inducible PIK3IP1, here we confirm that reversing the effect of Ras by inducing expression of PIK3IP1 suppresses Ras-induced anchorage-independent growth, supporting the central role of PIK3IP1 in transformation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Ras-activation that causes loss of PIK3IP1 expression are unknown. We find that Ras activity represses PIK3IP1 expression via the recruitment of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to the PIK3IP1 gene promoter and enhancer, resulting in erasure of active histone marks. These studies demonstrate cross-activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, where Ras decommissions PIK3IP1 gene expression by enhancing LSD1 and its corepressor activities to suppress PIK3IP1 transcription.
Prevalence of alcohol use in late pregnancy
Authors: Umer Amna , Lilly Christa , Hamilton Candice , Baldwin Aileen , Breyel Janine , Tolliver Amy , Mullins Christina , John Collin , Maxwell Stefan
Published: January 2020

Background

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in detrimental developmental complications. The objective of this study was to estimate the most recent PAE prevalence data for the state of West Virginia (WV) and associated factors.

Method

In all, 1830 newborn residual dried blood spots (DBS) in the WV Newborn Screening Repository were analyzed for phosphatidylethanol (PETH). Data were matched with Project WATCH data (94% match, N = 1729).

Results

The prevalence of late pregnancy PAE was 8.10% (95%CI: 6.81, 9.38) for all births, 7.61% (95%CI: 6.26, 8.97) for WV residents only, and ranged from 2.27 to 17.11% by region. The significant factors associated with PAE included smoking (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.94), preterm births (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.89), birth weight of ≤2000 g vs. >3000 g (OR: 2.62, 95%CI: 1.19, 5.79), no exclusive breastfeeding intention (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.04), and not exclusively breastfeeding before discharge (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.38).

Conclusion

The prevalence of PAE is higher than previously shown for the state. Accurate and timely estimates are vital to inform public health workers, policymakers, researchers, and clinicians to develop and promote effective prevention strategies to lower PAE prevalence and provide targeted interventions and treatment services for infants affected by PAE.
Integrating gene delivery and gene-editing technologies by adenoviral vector transfer of optimized CRISPR-Cas9 components
Authors: Maggio Ignazio , Zittersteijn Hidde A. , Wang Qian , Liu Jin , Janssen Josephine M. , Ojeda Ivan Toral , van der Maarel Silvère M. , Lankester Arjan C. , Hoeben Rob C. , Gonçalves Manuel A. F. V.
Published: January 2020

Enhancing the intracellular delivery and performance of RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases (RGNs) remains in demand. Here, we show that nuclear translocation of commonly used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) proteins is suboptimal. Hence, we generated eCas9.4NLS by endowing the high-specificity eSpCas9(1.1) nuclease (eCas9.2NLS) with additional nuclear localization signals (NLSs). We demonstrate that eCas9.4NLS coupled to prototypic or optimized guide RNAs achieves efficient targeted DNA cleavage and probe the performance of SpCas9 proteins with different NLS compositions at target sequences embedded in heterochromatin versus euchromatin. Moreover, after adenoviral vector (AdV)-mediated transfer of SpCas9 expression units, unbiased quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy revealed 2.3-fold higher eCas9.4NLS nuclear enrichment levels than those observed for high-specificity eCas9.2NLS. This improved nuclear translocation yielded in turn robust gene editing after nonhomologous end joining repair of targeted double-stranded DNA breaks. In particular, AdV delivery of eCas9.4NLS into muscle progenitor cells resulted in significantly higher editing frequencies at defective DMD alleles causing Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) than those achieved by AdVs encoding the parental, eCas9.2NLS, protein. In conclusion, this work provides a strong rationale for integrating viral vector and optimized gene-editing technologies to bring about enhanced RGN delivery and performance.
Stacked nanocarbon photosensitizer for efficient blue light excited Eu(III) emission
Authors: Kitagawa Yuichi , Suzue Fumiya , Nakanishi Takayuki , Fushimi Koji , Seki Tomohiro , Ito Hajime , Hasegawa Yasuchika
Published: January 2020

Photosensitizer design to allow effective use of low-energy light is important for developing photofunctional materials. Herein, we describe a rational photosensitizer design for effective use of low-energy light. The developed photosensitizer is a stacked nanocarbon based on a rigid polyaromatic framework, which allows efficient energy transfer from the low-energy T1 level to the energy acceptor. We prepared an Eu(III) complex consisting of a luminescent center (Eu(III)) and stacked-coronene photosensitizer. The brightness of photosensitized Eu(III) excited using low-energy light (450 nm) is more than five times higher than the maximum brightness of previously reported Eu(III) complexes.
Silica microsphere–resorcinol composite embedded collagen scaffolds impart scar-less healing of chronic infected burns in type-I diabetic and non-diabetic rats
Authors: Kalirajan Cheirmadurai , Palanisamy Thanikaivelan
Published: January 2020

Biocompatible hybrid collagen scaffolds embedded with a silica–resorcinol composite promote scar-less wound healing in chronically infected deep second-degree burns.
A dual-functional implant with an enzyme-responsive effect for bacterial infection therapy and tissue regeneration
Authors: Ding Yao , Hao Yansha , Yuan Zhang , Tao Bailong , Chen Maowen , Lin Chuanchuan , Liu Peng , Cai Kaiyong
Published: January 2020

An enzyme-responsive nanoplatform was fabricated on Ti substrates to treat implant-associated bacterial infection and accelerate tissue growth in vivo.
HPLC-assisted automated oligosaccharide synthesis: the implementation of the two-way split valve as a mode of complete automation
Authors: Panza Matteo , Stine Keith J. , Demchenko Alexei V.
Published: January 2020

Reported herein is the development of a user-friendly platform for simple and transformative automation based on standard HPLC equipment.
Divergent C–H activation synthesis of chalcones, quinolones and indoles
Authors: Shi Yuesen , Xing Huimin , Huang Tianle , Liu Xuexin , Chen Jian , Guo Xiaoyu , Li Guo-Bo , Wu Yong
Published: January 2020

We here report a condition-controlled divergent synthesis strategy of chalcones, quinolones and indoles, which was achieved via a C–H activation reaction of N-nitrosoanilines and cyclopropenones.
Total synthesis and biological evaluation of simplified aplyronine analogues as synthetically tractable anticancer agents
Authors: Pettigrew Talia R. , Porter Rachel J. , Walsh Stephen J. , Housden Michael P. , Lam Nelson Y. S. , Carroll Jason S. , Parker Jeremy S. , Spring David R. , Paterson Ian
Published: January 2020

Analysis of bound structures and SAR studies led to the function-oriented simplification of the aplyronines; a convergent and modular synthetic platform then enabled the total synthesis and biological evaluation of four novel analogues.
A moisture-stable organosulfonate-based metal–organic framework with intrinsic self-trapped white-light emission
Authors: Zhang Guiyang , Yin Jinlin , Song Xueling , Fei Honghan
Published: January 2020

Weakly-coordinating organosulfonate linkers are significantly less studied in MOFs, but promising in terms of enhancing the structural strain of SBUs owing to their versatile coordination towards metals.
Correction: Discovery, biosynthesis and antifungal mechanism of the polyene-polyol meijiemycin
Authors: Low Zhen Jie , Xiong Juan , Xie Ying , Ma Guang-Lei , Saw Howard , Thi Tran Hoa , Wong Soo Lin , Pang Li Mei , Fong July , Lu Peng , Hu Jin-Feng , Yang Liang , Miao Yansong , Liang Zhao-Xun
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Discovery, biosynthesis and antifungal mechanism of the polyene-polyol meijiemycin’ by Zhen Jie Low et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08908j.
Double-shell SnO2@Fe2O3 hollow spheres as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cui Zhipeng , Sun Meng , Liu Huanqing , Li Sijie , Zhang Qingye , Yang Chengpeng , Liu Guiju , Zhong Junyu , Wang Yiqian
Published: January 2020

Construction of novel electrode materials is an effective way to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Structural control of the dielectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) thin films
Authors: Ng C. Y. B. , Gan W. C. , Velayutham T. S. , Goh B. T. , Hashim R.
Published: January 2020

P(VDF-TrFE) is optimized effectively via thermal treatment and its molecular motions after poling are revealed.
Electronic effects due to organic linker-metal surface interactions: implications on screening of MOF-encapsulated catalysts
Authors: Schweitzer Benjamin , Archuleta Chloe , Seong Bomsaerah , Anderson Ryther , Gómez-Gualdrón Diego A.
Published: January 2020

Using approximated NP/MOF interface models, DFT was used to investigate MOF-originated electronic effects on encapsulated NPs in NP@MOF hybrid catalysts.
Thickness dependent homogeneous crystallization of ultrathin amorphous solid water films
Authors: Harada Kuniaki , Sugimoto Toshiki , Kato Fumiaki , Watanabe Kazuya , Matsumoto Yoshiyasu
Published: January 2020

Film-size-dependent homogeneous crystallization of nanoscopic amorphous ice is demonstrated with a clear correlation between the crystallization kinetics and microscopic structure.
Multiparameter urine analysis for quantitative bladder cancer surveillance of orthotopic xenografted mice
Authors: Tan Xiaotian , Broses Luke J. , Zhou Menglian , Day Kathleen C. , Liu Wenyi , Li Ziqi , Weizer Alon Z. , Munson Katherine A. , Khaing Oo Maung Kyaw , Day Mark L. , Fan Xudong
Published: January 2020

A method utilizing urinary cancer markers to monitor tumor growth in a bladder cancer orthotopic xenograft mouse model.
Organic intercalation engineering of quasi-2D Dion–Jacobson α-CsPbI3 perovskites
Authors: Fang Zhi , Shang Minghui , Zheng Yapeng , Zhang Tian , Du Zhentao , Wang Gang , Duan Xiangmei , Chou Kuo-Chih , Lin Chun-Ho , Yang Weiyou , Hou Xinmei , Wu Tom
Published: January 2020

Organic intercalation engineering of perovskites endows the as-constructed quasi-2D Dion–Jacobson α-CsPbI3 with a linearly aligned bandgap and fundamentally enhanced stability.
Machine learning-guided design and development of multifunctional flexible Ag/poly (amic acid) composites using the differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Zhang Mengyao , Li Jia , Kang Ling , Zhang Nan , Huang Chun , He Yaqin , Hu Menghan , Zhou Xiaofeng , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2020

A BP neural network based on the DE algorithm has been established to study the electrical properties of flexible Ag/PAA composites.
A MSN-based tumor-targeted nanoplatform to interfere with lactate metabolism to induce tumor cell acidosis for tumor suppression and anti-metastasis
Authors: Chen Zhao-Xia , Liu Miao-Deng , Guo Deng-Ke , Zou Mei-Zhen , Wang Shi-Bo , Cheng Han , Zhong Zhenlin , Zhang Xian-Zheng
Published: January 2020

A tumor targeting drug delivery system was designed to interfere with lactate metabolism for tumor therapy and anti-metastasis research.
A high-throughput bioanalytical assay to support pharmacokinetic interaction study of oxycodone and diazepam in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Pilli Nageswara R. , Narayanasamy Suresh , Xu Lin , Chockalingam Ashok , Shea Katherine I. , Stewart Sharron , Rouse Rodney , Patel Vikram , Matta Murali K.
Published: January 2020

A high-throughput bioanalytical method for the simulataneous determination of oxycodone and diazepam to support the evaluation of respiratory depression in rats upon co-administration of oxycodone and diazepam.
CAY10683 and imatinib have synergistic effects in overcoming imatinib resistance via HDAC2 inhibition in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Tianzhuo , Wei Danna , Lu Tingting , Ma Dan , Yu Kunlin , Fang Qin , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Wang Weili , Wang Jishi
Published: January 2020

Imatinib (IM) is utilized for targeting the BCR–ABL fusion protein and as such, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is considered to be a curable disorder for which patients can achieve a long survival.
The lamellar structure and biomimetic properties of a fish scale matrix
Authors: Feng Huanhuan , Li Xia , Deng Xiaoming , Li Xiaolei , Guo Jitong , Ma Ke , Jiang Bo
Published: January 2020

A preparation technology for a fish scale matrix is shown, and its lamellar structure and biomimetic properties are studied.
Synthesis of Ag nanoparticles/ordered mesoporous carbon as a highly efficient catalyst for the electroreduction of benzyl bromide
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Xia , Wang Shuo , Li Shi-Ming , Shan Si-Li , Wang Huan , Lu Jia-Xing
Published: January 2020

To develop efficient catalysts for the electroreduction of organic halides, a facile one-pot synthesis of Ag nanoparticles/ordered mesoporous carbon electrode materials via the self-assembly is proposed.
Fe, N-doped carbon spheres prepared by electrospinning method as high efficiency oxygen reduction catalyst
Authors: Zou Hanzeng , Pei Supeng , Zhou Zongshang , Chen Zhaoyan , Xiong Xia , Sun Yueyang , Zhang Yongming
Published: January 2020

Fe, N-doped carbon spheres as high-efficiency ORR catalysts were prepared by a facile electrospinning process.
Sulphated alumina tungstic acid (SATA): a highly efficient and novel heterogeneous mesostructured catalyst for the synthesis of pyrazole carbonitrile derivatives and evaluation of green metrics
Authors: Rather Ryhan Abdullah , Khan Mohd Umar , Siddiqui Zeba N.
Published: January 2020

A novel mesostructured catalyst sulphated alumina tungstic acid (SATA) has been prepared by an easy route.
The synthesis of nano-sized TS-1 zeolites under rotational crystallisation conditions can inhibit anatase formation
Authors: Wei Xing , Wang Yu-Jia , Ren Tie-Qiang , Wang Hai-Yan , Wei Min
Published: January 2020

Synthesis of TS-1 zeolites under rotational crystallisation conditions in very short time for oxidative desulfurisation of a model fuel.
Cembrane-type diterpenoids from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii and their biological activities
Authors: Sun Xiaowei , Geng Yanling , Wang Xiao , Qin Dawei , Yu Jinqian
Published: January 2020

Cembrane-type diterpenoids from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii.
Excitation-resolved area-normalized emission spectroscopy: a rapid and simple steady-state technique for the analysis of heterogeneous fluorescence
Authors: Ramamurthy Kannan , Ponnusamy Karunakaran , Chellappan Selvaraju
Published: January 2020

Excitation-resolved area-normalized emission spectroscopy is a simple steady state method and equivalent to time-resolved area normalized emission spectroscopy for the analysis of heterogeneous fluorescence.
Support effect boosting the electrocatalytic N2 reduction activity of Ni2P/N,P-codoped carbon nanosheet hybrids
Authors: Yuan Menglei , Zhang Honghua , Gao Denglei , He Hongyan , Sun Yu , Lu Peilong , Dipazir Sobia , Li Qiongguang , Zhou Le , Li Shuwei , Liu Zhanjun , Yang Junhan , Xie Yongbing , Zhao He , Zhang Guangjin
Published: January 2020

A Ni2P/N,P-codoped carbon nanosheet were prepared. The N,P-C substrate is regarded as an electronic storage medium which playing a vital role in inhibiting the adsorption of H+ and promoting activation of N2 molecules.
Preparation of biimidazole-based porous organic polymers for ultrahigh iodine capture and formation of liquid complexes with iodide/polyiodide ions
Authors: Geng Tongmou , Zhang Can , Liu Min , Hu Chen , Chen Guofeng
Published: January 2020

In the recent years, considerable progress has been made in iodine uptake—a radioactive emission process accompanying nuclear fission with porous organic polymers (POPs).
Core–shell-structured MOF-derived 2D hierarchical nanocatalysts with enhanced Fenton-like activities
Authors: Shao Wenjie , He Chao , Zhou Mi , Yang Chengdong , Gao Yun , Li Shuang , Ma Lang , Qiu Li , Cheng Chong , Zhao Changsheng
Published: January 2020

The fabricated core–shell-structured MOF-derived 2D nanocatalysts with Co/Co-Nx co-doping N-CNTs enhance Fenton-like activities for the water remediation of benzene-derived contaminants.
Interfacial stability and ionic conductivity enhanced by dopant segregation in eutectic ceramics: the role of Gd segregation in doped CeO2/CoO and CeO2/NiO interfaces
Authors: Orera Alodia , Wang Funing , Ferreiro-Vila Elías , Serrano-Zabaleta Sonia , Larrañaga Aitor , Laguna-Bercero Miguel A. , Dickey Elizabeth C. , Rivadulla Francisco , Muñoz M. Carmen , Larrea Ángel
Published: January 2020

Ionic charge balance at the interface of Gd-doped CeO2/CoO eutectic ceramics produces Gd segregation and increases the interfacial ionic conductivity.
Dynamical evolution of the 2D/3D interface: a hidden driver behind perovskite solar cell instability
Authors: Sutanto Albertus A. , Drigo Nikita , Queloz Valentin I. E. , Garcia-Benito Inés , Kirmani Ahmad R. , Richter Lee J. , Schouwink Pascal A. , Cho Kyung Taek , Paek Sanghyun , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Grancini Giulia
Published: January 2020

We reveal that 2D/3D interfaces are dynamical in nature which is detrimental for long term perovskite solar cells stability.
Metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives with graphene composites: preparation and applications in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Zixi , Huang Jianying , Mao Jiajun , Guo Qi , Chen Zhong , Lai Yuekun
Published: January 2020

This review systematically summarizes the preparation strategies of metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives with graphene composites for promising applications in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis.
A hierarchical carbon nitride tube with oxygen doping and carbon defects promotes solar-to-hydrogen conversion
Authors: Sun Zongzhao , Wang Wu , Chen Qianwen , Pu Yayun , He Heng , Zhuang Weiman , He Jiaqing , Huang Limin
Published: January 2020

Hierarchical pipe-in-pipe carbon nitride with oxygen doping and carbon defects synergistically promotes solar-to-hydrogen conversion.
Visual monitoring of the lysosomal pH changes during autophagy with a red-emission fluorescent probe
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Fan Li , Wang Yubin , Zhang Caihong , Liang Wenting , Shuang Shaomin , Dong Chuan
Published: January 2020

We report a red-emission fluorescent pH probe (RML) for visual monitoring of the lysosomal pH changes during autophagy in living cells.