bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genital dermatoses in children in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India
Authors: Mistry Farhin , Gupta Bhaskar , Das Debajit
Published: June 2024

: Skin conditions in children are impacted by their socio-economic status, environmental conditions, cultural and food habbits

: To evaluate the frequency and pattern of non venereal genital dermatoses in children visiting the dermatology outpatient department at Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, a prospective research was carried out from December 2022 to December 2023

: 127 children aged 1 to 18 years who had non venereal genital dermatoses verified by relevant bedside and laboratory examinations were included in the current study after providing appropriate informed permission. They were divided into four age groups: young children (ages 1-3), preschoolers (ages 3-6), students (ages 6-10), and teenagers (ages 9-18).

: Of the 127 children—82 boys and 45 girls—37.77% attended school. Of the 110 children with infective dermatoses,75 percent lived in hostels; these individuals were primarily from rural areas and belonged to low (55.2%), middle (43.23%), and high (1.55%) socioeconomic groups. Bullous impetigo was the most prevalent infectious dermatosis in preschoolers, whereas genital scabies, tinea cruris, and molluscum contagiosum were the most frequent in teenagers. Of the 17 kids with non-infectious dermatoses, 55.2% come from a low-income background. 2.36% of patients had phrynoderma and nutritional deficiencies, whereas 0.79% had genital vitiligo. The additional non-infectious dermatoses that were discovered were eczema, hemangiomas, lichen planus, and lichen sclerosus.

: school-going age group children are more likely to suffer from infectious dermatoses such as pyoderma, scabies, fungal infections than nutritional deficiencies. This is likely due to a combination of factors including poor health, poverty, poor personal hygiene, and a lack of access to soap and antifungals. Better nutrition and health education are recommended by our study.
A survey assessing the role of a fixed-dose combination of 0.3% adapalene with 2.5% benzoyl peroxide in acne vulgaris
Authors: Sen Dyotona , Walia Parmjit , Agarwal Megha , Jadhwar Sameer
Published: June 2024

Acne is a common skin condition affecting adolescents and young adults, characterized by the blockage of sebaceous glands along with bacterial colonization of the follicular duct and inflammation. Collagen and tissue damage secondary to acne inflammation brings about severe skin texture changes, including scarring. Timely treatment initiation is crucial to prevent acne progression to scarring. Topical retinoids, topical oral antimicrobials, or a combination of both are recommended as the first-line therapy for acne. The objective of the present survey was to assess the role of 0.3% adapalene/2.5% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) combination in those with mild-moderate acne.

The objective of the present survey was to assess the role of 0.3% adapalene/2.5% BPO combination in those with mild-moderate acne.

: A total of 438 healthcare professionals (dermatologists and cosmetologists) participated in the survey, through which their patients’ experiences with the product were recorded.

: A significant proportion of the patient population (31%) experienced improvement just after 2 weeks of treatment with the combination. Most patients (84%) also found it easy to include the product in their skincare regime. Most healthcare professionals and patients (>80%) rated the effectiveness and tolerability of the intervention as ‘good’ to ‘excellent’.

: The survey confirms the 0.3% adapalene/2.5% BPO combination as an efficacious, easy-to-use topical treatment option for moderate to severe acne with the potential to impact acne scars, in line with findings from other studies examining the effect of this combination.
Unraveling the tapestry of adverse cutaneous drug reactions: A clinico-epidemiological study
Authors: N Abhinesh , Salam Arisha , GP Rekha , Challa Tejaswi
Published: June 2024

It is widely acknowledged that adverse drug responses on the skin can cause serious complications. Up to 2% of all adverse cutaneous medication eruptions are severe and life-threatening, however the majority of these reactions are benign. In order to quickly diagnose these grave cutaneous eruptions and start the necessary treatment, physicians should be aware of certain warning signs. To understand the causative drug, meticulous history and complete clinical examination is the key

Primary objective is to find the common group of drugs causing adverse cutaneous drug reactions. Secondary objectives are to study their morphology, gender and age distribution.

The cross-sectional study involved 130 patients. Informations including relevant history, clinical examination details, and drugs taken were noted in the pretested proforma. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and graphically analysed. Data was studied under various aspects which included causative drugs, clinical presentation, age and gender ratio. SPSS Version 21.0 was used for most analysis and Microsoft Excel 2010 for graphical representation.

Maculopapular rash, acneiform eruptions, urticarial rash, exfoliative dermatitis and fixed drug eruptions were the commonest forms of clinical presentations seen in our study. The cutaneous drug reactions were classified as per the study of Agarwal et al.

The limitations of treating adverse cutaneous drug reactions are the varied range of clinical symptoms, the complexity of the various drug-host interactions, and the relative scarcity of laboratory tests that are available for any conclusive and confirmatory drug-specific testing. That's why knowledge of clinical presentations and common drugs causing it is a must.
LC-MS/MS characterization of stress degradation products of Gilteritinib and establishment of HPLC method for analysis of process related impurities of Gilteritinib
Authors: Katta Sreenivasa Rao , Rao Immani Ramachandra , Punitha P , prasad Thota Siva
Published: June 2024

Background: The current investigation entails the characterization of seven degradation products (DPs) formed in different stress conditions of gilteritinib employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methodology: This study developed a stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for precisely determining gilteritinib in the presence of its process-related impurities in bulk drug and formulation samples. To explore the stability profile of gilteritinib, it was exposed to forced degradation experiments conducted under various conditions, including acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal stress. These experiments revealed the degradation of gilteritinib under basic, acidic, and photolytic conditions, forming seven distinct DPs. Result: The chromatographic resolution of gilteritinib and its impurities along with DPs was effectively achieved using a Waters Symmetry C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using equal volumes of solvent A and B (pH 4.5 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in 25:75 (v/v) as solvent A, acetonitrile and methanol in 75: 25 (v/v) as solvent B) pumped isocratically at 0.7 mL/min and 230 nm wavelength. The method produces an accurate fit calibration curve in 25-175 μg/mL for gilteritinib and LOQ (0.025 μg/mL) – 0.175 μg/mL for its impurities with acceptable precision, accuracy, and recovery. Conclusion: The efficacy of this method was validated through LC-MS/MS, which allowed for the verification of the chemical structures of newly generated degradation products of gilteritinib. Hence, this method is appropriate for the resolution and evaluation of process-related impurities of gilteritinib and can also be applied for evaluating stress degradation products.
Formulation and standardization of lohasava: an ayurvedic aasava formulation Man
Authors: Tayde Manisha A. , Ahire Yogita G. , Mahale Sunita N , Bhosale Anuja P. , Patil Sarika V.
Published: June 2024

Background: Plant solutions or decoctions are fermented with added sugar to create alcoholic remedies like arishta and aasava. Standardizing ayurvedic formulations is essential to assessing the quality of medicine. Objective: Standardisation of Lohasava, which contains iron as a metal and is used as hematinic, has been carried out in the current study. Methods: The standard ayurvedic procedure was used to prepare the aasava formulation. Modern scientific control processes have standardized the formulation for the final products. Organoleptic analysis, phytochemical assessment, and physicochemical characteristics such as pH, specific gravity, viscosity, acid values, total solid content, alcohol content, heavy metal content, and stability studies were used to standardize asava. Additionally, formulations were examined for the presence of pesticides. Using UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis, the iron content was determined. Animal studies were carried out to evaluate pharmacological activity. Results: Physical and chemical parameters were found within limits. The alcohol content of formulations was within limits and indicated good fermentation. Conclusion: The study's findings have revealed good formulation quality and provide a standard for aasava and ayurvedic formulations.
Safety study of carboxymethylated Basella alba mucilage: a subchronic oral toxicity evaluation in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Chowdhury Moumita , De Pintu Kumar , Maji Himangshu Sekhar , Das Dibya
Published: June 2024

Background: The evaluation of toxicity is of paramount importance in the screening of a new compound. Basella alba mucilage possesses a versatile excipient property that can be innovated with its chemical modification to get the functionalized mucilage. A few pharmacological activities of Basella alba mucilage have also been reported earlier, but its toxicity study in rats has yet to be discussed. Aim: The study aims to assess the in vivo toxicity of carboxymethylated Basella alba mucilage in Wistar albino rats for 28 days. Material and Methods: In the current investigation, Carboxymethylated Basella alba mucilage is taken, and its subchronic toxicity study is carried out in forty-eight healthy rats (twenty-four male rats and 24 female rats), divided into four groups containing six rats of each sex. All the biochemical and hematological parameters and histopathological investigation were estimated for all the animal groups. Result: The subchronic toxicity study reveals that the modified mucilage is safe for all doses (20mg/kg body weight, 40mg/kg body weight, 80 mg/kg body weight). The study showed no significant difference in the dose group's behavioral toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity compared to the control. All the hematological and biochemical parameters lay in the normal range. The histopathological examination of treatment groups showed no abnormality or lesion in the tissue samples of internal organs. Conclusion: The study confirms the safety of Carboxymethylated Basella alba mucilage for use in pharmaceutical formulations.
A single centre, real world experience of T-DM1 in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients in India
Authors: Vasini Vindhya , Vamsy Mohana , Dayal Monal , Shinkar Pawan
Published: June 2024

Background: HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Receptor 2) positive breast cancer is an aggressive subtype. Treatment for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer has advanced significantly over time with the introduction of targeted therapies like trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab, deruxtecan, and tucatinib. In a lower-middle-income nation, accessibility is still problematic for any newer therapy. This study aimed to describe the safety and practical effectiveness of the first T-DM1 biosimilar in India for treating patients with HER2-positive mBC. Methodology: This is a retrospective, observational, single-center study of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer treated with T-DM1 biosimilar. The study involved 16 mBC patients. The primary goal was to assess T-DM1's effectiveness regarding PFS and ORR, with safety and OS as the secondary goals. Results: The ORR was observed to be 81.3%. One (6.29%) of the patients achieved CR, while 3 patients (18.8%) are on stable disease, and 12 patients (75 %) achieved PR. The major adverse events reported among study patients were thrombocytopenia (31.25%) and anemia (31.25%), followed by neutropenia, hyperglycemia, and fatigue in 12.5 % of cases. Grade 3 thrombocytopenia was seen in 2 patients, and grade 3-4 fatigue was observed in 1 patient. Median PFS was nearly six months, and OS data is available for only 25% of patients; the rest continue the therapy. Conclusion: This retrospective observational study offers significant information about the safety and efficacy of T-DM1 biosimilar in treating HER2 positive mBC.
Formulation, development, and characterization of loratadine emulgel
Authors: Sharaff Chandana Setty , Renukuntla Pranay , Peddapalli Himabindu , Kuchukuntla Mounika , Bakshi Vasudha , Jadi Rajendra Kumar
Published: June 2024

Background: This study was to develop loratadine (LTD) emulgels to treat localized skin allergy. Method: Initially oil-in-water emulsion was prepared by 3 different types of surfactants & finally gelling agent carbopol 940 was incorporated into emulsion to produce emulgel (i.e., standard conventional method). Results: The developed formulations were characterized using various parameters including particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficacy (EE), pH, extrusion efficacy, physical stability, in-vitro drug release studies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PS, EE, PDI, ZP and In-vitro studies ranges between 186.25 ± 6.42 mm (LE-F4) to 395.24 ± 8.64 mm (LE-F1), 62.38 ± 0.36 % (LE-F2) to 76.48 ± 0.69 % (LE-F4), 0.276 ± 0.02 (LE-F4) to 0.652 ± 0.02 (LE-F1), 16.45 ± 2.13 mV (LE-F1) to 29.46 ± 2.78 mV (LE-F3) and 21.90 ± 0.3 % (LE-F1) to 68.30±0.9 % (LE-F4) respectively. Conclusion: Based on all physicochemical properties, LE-F4 formulation was considered to be optimized with minimum PS (186.25±6.42 nm), PDI (0.276±0.02), satisfactory positive surface charge (23.15 ± 1.89 mV) and maximum EE (76.48±0.69 %). FTIR studies were confirmed that there is no physical interaction between drug and excipients and SEM studies revealed that vesicle size was spherical with smooth texture. A significantly greater rate of drug release (i.e., 68.30 ± 0.90%) was seen in the LTD emulgels that were made with cationic surfactant (i.e., LE-F4) and found to be good spreadability and extrudability.
Correlational study of Vitamin-D deficiency levels and its severity of community-acquired pneumonia in patients admitted into a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Varun M Sai , Deepthi Mudipalli
Published: June 2024

Background: Recent studies have emphasized that people who have low levels of Vitamin D are more prone to the development of infectious diseases, particularly of a community-acquired nature, which has differential morbidity and mortality. Aims & objectives: The present study aimed to determine the correlation between different levels of vitamin D deficiency and severity and outcomes in patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. Methods: In this study, the serum level of Vitamin D of 100 consecutively admitted community-acquired pneumonia patients was measured. Depending on the level of Vitamin D deficiency, patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were assessed for severity of illness by CURB-65 score. Results & Discussion: In the study population, out of 100 patients, 82% of the study sample had deficient serum vitamin D levels. In the study sample, 41 patients with higher deficiency levels of serum Vitamin D have severe illness and scored high on CURB- 65, which is in the range of three to four on the scale. 59 patients with low deficiency levels of serum Vitamin D had low scores of one or two on the CURB-65. On severity assessment in patients with severe deficiency of Vitamin D, the mean length of hospital admission was 12.30±8.47 days compared to patients with mild deficiency of Vitamin D, where the average hospital stay was 8.58±4.04 days. Conclusion: As the severity of deficiency of Vitamin D increases, the frequency of CAP increases, and it is also observed that a severe degree of deficiency is associated with severe illness and prolonged hospital stay.
Design and characterization of glimepiride hydrotropic solid dispersion to enhance the solubility and dissolution
Authors: Lakumalla Devakamma , Podichety Neeraja , Maddali Ravikumar
Published: June 2024

Background: Glimepiride lowers blood sugar levels in the body, and treats type 2 diabetes mellitus. But the main problem with the drug is its low aqueous solubility. The primary purpose of this study is to increase its solubility in an aqueous medium by using amphiphilic hydrotropic agents instead of harmful, volatile organic solvents. Methodology: A solubility study of Glimepiride was carried out using various hydrotropic agents at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. In mixed hydrography, 30% of the hydrotropic agents were chosen for making blends due to their highest solubility. The blend's solubility was raised more than 50 times at fixed concentrations of urea (20%) and sodium acetate (10%) in a mixed hydrotropic solution. The solubility of Glimepiride in distilled water is 0.0038 mg/ml; in 30% urea, 49.512 ug/ml; and in 30% sodium acetate, 40.43 ug/ml. The optimized blend prepared hydrotropic solid dispersions by physical mixing and solvent evaporation. It was evaluated for drug content, FTIR, SEM, X-ray diffraction, and in vitro drug release studies. Finally, the drug release profile of the prepared tablet is compared with an already available consumer product. Result: HSD-5 showed an in-vitro drug release of 84.77±0.44 at 90 min, which is higher than the remaining formulations, and no significant change was found in drug content or drug release after 15, 30, and 45 days of stability studies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed homogenous solid dispersion, crystallinity was determined using X-ray diffraction, and FTIR showed good drug compatibility with carriers. The drug release profile of the prepared tablet was higher than that of the available consumer product. Conclusion: This study revealed that hydrotropic agents can potentially increase glimepiride's solubility and drug release. This approach can effectively enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs.
In vitro antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia tora aerial part using different models
Authors: Chaurasia Umesh , Soni Vishal , Sahu Ram Kumar
Published: June 2024

Background: Free radicals, harmful by-products of a cell's natural metabolism, are responsible for various health problems. The search for plant-based supplements or medicines is always in high demand, as is the antioxidant activity that contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of plants. Aim: In the present study, the hydroalcoholic extracts from the aerial parts of Cassia tora were used for in vitro analysis of their antioxidant activity. Methods: Six separate assay methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity, i.e., against hydroxyl radical, DPPH, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, and also total flavonoid and phenolic content, were investigated. This was done by standardizing hydroalcoholic extract (70/30 ethanol to water) of Cassia tora and ascorbic acid. Results: Percentage scavenging activity and IC50 value were measured for extract prepared at various concentrations. The results IC50 values were 25.54 µg/ml, 45.04 µg/ml, 36.56 µg/ml, and 97.61 µg/ml for DPPH, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and nitric oxide, respectively. Subsequently, the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extract obtained was 1.927±0.73 mg GAE/gm and 1.018±0.29 mg QE/gm, respectively. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia tora contains more phytoconstituents. This suggests it has a wide range of medicinal antioxidant properties that make it helpful in treating many diseases. With the increasing demand for safer herbal treatments, scientific efforts in this field are making significant contributions and advances and supporting innovation.
Modulation of mesalamine release from enteric-coated matrix tablets using natural polysaccharides for localized colonic delivery
Authors: Sahu Shilpa , Choudhury Prasanta Kumar , Pasa Gourishyam , Murthy Padala Narasimha , Sahu Poonam , Verma Renuka
Published: June 2024

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) require effective colon-targeted drug delivery for improved therapeutic efficacy and minimized systemic side effects. Objectives: The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate novel colon-targeted matrix tablet formulations of mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) for the treatment of IBD. Materials and Methods: Mesalamine matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using pH-sensitive polymers (HPMC K4M) and biodegradable natural polysaccharides (pectin, chitosan, and guar gum). Tablets were characterized for physicochemical properties, drug content, and in vitro drug release. Compatibility studies using FTIR and DSC confirmed no interaction between mesalamine and polymers. The optimized formulations were enteric-coated with Eudragit S100 and ethyl cellulose. Drug release kinetics and stability studies were conducted. Results and Discussion: The uncoated formulations (M3, M6, M7) showed adequate protection against drug release in simulated gastric (0-2 h) and intestinal (2-5 h) fluids. The enteric-coated formulations (ME3, ME6, ME7) exhibited a lag time of around 2 hours and restricted drug release (<5%) in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids up to 5 hours. However, in simulated colonic fluid (pH 6.8) containing 4% rat cecal contents, these formulations showed enhanced drug release (71-83% in 12 h) due to biodegradation of polymeric matrices by colonic enzymes. Drug release kinetics indicated anomalous transport or super case-II transport mechanisms. Stability studies at 40°C/75% RH for 3 months revealed no significant changes. Conclusion: The developed colon-targeted mesalamine matrix tablets demonstrated the potential to protect the drug from release in the upper GIT while facilitating targeted drug delivery to the colon, which could improve therapeutic efficacy and minimize systemic side effects in the treatment of IBD.
Association between Mean Platelet Volume and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Young Ho , Song Gwan Gyu
Published: June 2024

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between mean platelet volume (MPV) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity, and laboratory parameters including the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), C3 levels, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Methods: The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched comprehensively to identify relevant articles. Meta-Analyses were performed to assess differences in MPV between patients with SLE and control groups and between active and inactive SLE. A separate meta-analysis explored correlation coefficients between MPV and SLEDAI, C3, anti-dsDNA, and ESR.
Results: Fourteen studies comprising 659 patients with SLE and 682 controls were included. No significant difference in MPV was found between patients with SLE and control groups (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.406; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.087 to 0.899; P = 0.107). When stratified by ethnicity, the Arab population displayed markedly elevated MPV levels within the SLE group (SMD: 1.032; 95% CI: 0.475–1.588; P <0.001), unlike their European and Asian counterparts. MPV levels were higher in the active disease group than in the inactive group, particularly among the Arab population (SMD: 2.100; 95% CI: 0.406–3.794; P = 0.015), while no significant difference was observed within the Asian population (SMD: –1.493; 95% CI = –4.465 to 1.479; P = 0.325). MPV did not correlate with SLEDAI (correlation coefficient: 0.252; 95% CI: –0.016 to 0.486; P = 0.065), ESR, C3, or anti-dsDNA.
Conclusion: MPV levels were generally higher in patients with SLE among the Arab population. Moreover, MPV and disease activity were positively correlated within the Arab population, underscoring the potential of MPV as a disease activity indicator in specific ethnic groups
Chemometrical methods applied to chemical data of raw and cooked spinach (Chenopodium vulvaria) and purslane (Potulacae oleracea)
Authors:   Université Frères Mentouri Constantine1, Benabid H , Bouveresse DJR ,   Université Paris-Saclay, Valderrama P ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Rutledge DN ,   Université Paris-Saclay
Published: June 2024

Hundreds of edible wild plants form a vegetal environment that provides a supply of nutritious and delightful food. It also contains a wealth of nutritious ingredients such as proteins, iron, calcium, and vitamins, as well as fibers, and mineral salts that our bodies require. Knowing these plants also aids in preserving the traditional users' cultural heritage. It is crucial to describe, characterize, and search the nutritional content of these plants. This is a very intriguing topic to explore and advance due to the variety of plants that have been harvested and their usage in various industries (nutritional, medical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical). The leaves and stems of some plants are used in cooking or eaten raw in salads. The limited research that has been done in Algeria has not demonstrated the potential contribution of these items to ration balance. The aim of this work was to gauge the chemical composition of two raw and cooked plants, leaves and petioles of wild spinach (Chenopodium vulvaria) and leaves of purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and to apply chemometric methods to obtain information that permit their characterization. Five samples of ten bunches of each plant were purchased from different retail traders in different markets of Constantine (Algeria) and prepared according to standard AFNOR. The samples were analyzed by determining moisture, total lipids, proteins, ash, minerals, dietary fibers, as well as, total carbohydrates and energy value by calculation. A multivariate data analysis method such as principal components analysis (PCA), was applied on a data matrix consisting of the analytical parameters of raw and cooked spinach leaves and petioles; and of raw and cooked purslane leaves. The results obtained showed that the samples of cooked spinach were characterized by the total carbohydrate and nutritional fiber (ADF, NDF and lignin). As for raw spinach, it was associated with lipid, protein, dry matter, energy value, carbohydrate and ash. The PCA of minerals revealed that the leaves are separated from petioles and are richer in minerals. PCA also enabled demonstration of the distinction between raw and cooked purslane. The dry matter content of the leaves of spinach and purslane decreased after cooking. It would be interesting to continue the work by studying the composition of fatty acids, tocopherols and pigments. In addition, the study could be broadened to include other cooking methods, and harvested plants that grow in Algeria. Key words: Spinach (Chenopodium vulvaria), Purslane (Portulaca oleracea), Nutritional composition, Principal Components Analysis, Cooking
Zero Hunger by 2030: Why it is a pipe dream
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Khasaya Oniang'o Ruth
Published: June 2024

As we release this issue of AJFAND, the world seems extremely unsettled, with wars and conflicts everywhere and nature displaying great displeasure. We see and read of weather events globally killing both humans and animals, and destroying crops and infrastructure. People and mostly the poor in the Horn of Africa are losing their source of livelihood, pointing to a situation where Zero Hunger by 2030 is further compromised. So, as we organise big forums to discuss how to end hunger, let us remember to keep our eye on the ball. For example, the 2nd fertilizer summit organized by the African Union just concluded in Nairobi, Kenya, on 8th May, 2024. Unlike the first summit which was held in 2006 in Abuja, Nigeria, this particular summit put a lot of emphasis on soils. In fact, one would have imagined that it was on soils rather on fertilizer. Clearly the two are like co-joined twins. The Nairobi summit was actually very well attended, with 33 out of 54 African countries represented by delegations led by their Ministries of Agriculture. A number of heads of state were also in attendance. This has been 18 years since the first summit. I was not sure what to expect. Eighteen years is a long time. There was, as always, a DECLARATION read out even before the Summit concluded. We wait to see what will follow. Then I attended another workshop which was discussing school feeding, a very emotive issue in Kenya right now as the Kenya Government's 2024 budget has excluded school feeding. So we are wondering what the rationale for this is. We are aware the economy is pinching. Are we truly serious about achieving Zero hunger by 2030? Some of us raised our concerns and now we read that, that decision has been rescinded. This world just seems to be about fighting for one’s rights or others’ rights. Hopefully, someday, there will be enough political will to get the right things done. Please take time to enjoy 14 well written, thoroughly reviewed scholarly articles, with tangible recommendations for both policy and programs.
Pengaruh Pemberian Hormon Auksin Dan Asam Humat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Stek Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Helwandi Insan Sabri , Subroto Gatot
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode aplikasi konsentrasi auksin IBA dan dosis asam humat terhadap pertumbuhan bibit stek kopi robusta. Metode yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan pola dasar Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor 1 yaitu konsentrasi IBA yang terdiri dari 4 taraf. Faktor 2 yaitu dosis asam humat yang terdiri dari 4 taraf. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata maka akan dilakukan uji jarak berganda duncan pada taraf kepercayaan 95 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukan (1) terdapat interaksi antara aplikasi konsentrasi hormon auksin IBA dan dosis asam humat terhadap pertumbuhan bibit stek kopi robusta berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap variabel pengamatan volume akar dan berpengaruh nyata pada variabel pengamatan panjang akar. (2) Pemberian hormon auksin IBA pada pertumbuhan bibit stek kopi robusta berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap variabel pengamatan diameter batang dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel pengamatan tinggi tanaman (3) Pemberian asam humat pada pertumbuhan bibit stek kopi robusta berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap variabel pengamatan volume akar dan panjang akar namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel pengamatan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun
Pengambilan Keputusan Konsumen dalam Membeli Bawang Merah di Pedesaan: Sebuah Analisis Deskriptif
Authors: Zainuddin Ahmad , Rahman Rena Yunita , Magfiroh Illia Seldon , Setyawati Intan Kartika , Suciati Luh Putu
Published: June 2024

Bawang merah merupakan salah satu kebutuhan utama bagi rumah tangga khususnya di Kabupaten Jember. Adanya perubahan harga yang sering terjadi menyebabkan perubahan terhadap keputusan konsumen dalam membeli bawang merah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keputusan konsumen dalam membeli bawang merah di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 120 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa keputusan konsumen dalam membeli bawang merah memperhatikan terkait dengan ukuran bawang, kebiasaan, dan harga. Informasi terkait pembelian bawang merah sebagian besar berasal dari penjual, teman dan diri sendiri. Informasi yang penting bagi konsumen meliputi kondisi fisik, dan harga bawang merah. Pembelian bawang merah biasanya dilakukan tergantung situasi konsumen dengan frekuensi pembelian 4 kali dalam sebulan. Keputusan pembelian sangat tergantung pada istri/ibu rumah tangga. Berdasarkan harga, bawang merah dianggap tidak terjangkau oleh konsumen karena sering mengalami kenaikan. Konsumen juga akan tetap membeli bawang jika harga naik karena merupakan kebutuhan utama. Selain itu, konsumen memilih tempat belanja yang dekat dengan tempat tinggal.
Evaluating the Potential of Dragon Fruit Cultivation in Banyuwangi District Based on Land Suitability
Authors: Romadhona Sukron , Mutmainnah Laily
Published: June 2024

Among the horticulture commodities with development potential are fruit plants. Purposive sampling was the method used for sampling. With the exception of land uses like mining and settlements, sample points were chosen depending on land use. Each unit of land map created by land resource surveying and mapping activities has features, such as soil characteristics and physical environment features, that can be specifically defined as land characteristics. The purpose of this study is to investigate how suitable the terrain is for growing dragon fruit in the Banyuwangi Regency. This study used a survey methodology with land units serving as the analytical unit. Land units for this study were derived from the slope and overlap of land use maps. With an area coverage of 251,527 Ha, or 42.6%, the majority of Banyuwangi Regency is classified as having land suitability class S1 (very suitable), meaning that it does not have significant barriers to sustainable use or only minor ones that have no discernible impact on production or require an increase in input. Thus, it is critical to conduct this research in order to accurately evaluate the appropriateness of the site and enable the implementation of optimal land management strategies that will boost dragon fruit yield and lower production costs
Facilitating flexible learning: A study of students’ perceptions of synchronous and asynchronous blended learning
Authors: Susiyawati Enny , Erman Erman , Astriani Dyah , Rahayu Dwi Anggoro
Published: June 2024

This study explored students’ perceptions of the implementation of synchronous and asynchronous blended learning. The current case study investigated 78 undergraduates who enrolled in a course while involved in an experiential learning program called Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) or independent learning on an independent campus. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in this study using surveys and interviews. The quantitative information was analyzed using descriptive statistics whereas thematic analysis was adopted to analyze the qualitative data. The five dimensions of flexible blended learning, including place, time, service, technology and pedagogy were adopted as a framework for this study. The findings suggested that synchronous and asynchronous blended learning could provide flexible learning regarding place, time, service, technology and pedagogy to support students’ learning and participation in the MBKM program. According to students, facilitating factors for the flexibility of synchronous and asynchronous blended learning include providing accessible learning materials, the possibility of time negotiation, providing various ways for social interactions, aligning topics or activities between the course and the MBKM program, small group settings, giving clear feedback and minimal scheduling changes. These factors must be considered when optimizing synchronous and asynchronous blended learning implementations.
Why do some government support structures fail to aid the growth of SMEs in the Gauteng Province of South Africa?
Authors: Molope Gosiame Eulenda , Ladzani Mmboswobeni Watson , Seeletse Solly Matshonisa
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on understanding the reasons why the support programmes initiated to enhance the success of black-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have not shown the successes that were envisaged. Some government agencies are in charge of these programmes. The sampling frame consisted of previously assisted SMEs by the support agencies. SMEs were represented by high-ranking officials as study participants. There were signs that the support programmes were not effective in improving the SMEs. The responses indicated that the programmes’ weakness can be attributed to the aid not being customized to the needs of the SMEs. There were training initiatives in some instances. According to the responses, the training was not based on the training needs of the SMEs. The SME practitioners, therefore, did not improve on their weaknesses. Finances that were given out as aid, according to the respondents, were dictated by the donor and did not allow flexibility according to the purchasing needs of the SMEs. Apparently, aid was in one form for all the SMEs. These supports ended up not helping to improve the SME. The paper recommended the customization of the aid to the needs of the SME.
Redefining the road ahead in the sharing economy
Authors: Putra Wawas Bangun Tegar Sunaryo , Harista Fransisca Vania , Kurniawan Nathassya
Published: June 2024

The sharing economy's ride-hailing sector is marked by fierce competition and continuous innovation. This study investigates the competitive dynamics of this industry, focusing on the role of market dynamics, promotional innovation, and operational agility in establishing a sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). Despite an extensive review of 2,192 sources from 2010 to 2022, a significant gap was identified, with minimal focus on SCA within ride-hailing. The research methodology encompassed a comprehensive literature review, identifying only one out of 1,099 publications that directly addressed SCA in the ride-hailing context. Building on this gap, the study developed a novel conceptual framework that emphasizes market awareness, innovative engagement strategies, and operational flexibility as key components for maintaining a competitive edge. The proposed model highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement, the identification of growth catalysts, and the navigation of industry-specific challenges. This framework aims to enhance the understanding of SCA in ride-hailing and suggests pathways for companies to achieve leadership in sustainability. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable business management by proposing a strategic approach for ride-hailing companies to secure and sustain a competitive advantage. It underscores the necessity of innovative and flexible operational strategies in responding to market dynamics and stakeholder expectations. Future research is encouraged to explore the untapped sustainable capacities of the ride-hailing sector, further enriching the strategies for achieving long-term success and sustainability in this competitive landscape.
Assessing the competitiveness of Absa bank in the South African banking sector
Authors: Chitamba Anos , Mutambara Emmanuel , Lourens Melanie
Published: June 2024

The main goal of this study is to evaluate customer perceptions of the competitiveness of Absa Bank in South Africa. To achieve this objective, the study is divided into two sections, which were designed as the main research questions. The first question aimed to determine customer perceptions of the level of bank competition in South Africa, while the second question focused on customer perceptions of Absa's competitiveness within the South African banking sector. It was revealed through an Absa Bank communication that Barclays Bank (UK), the major shareholder, was withdrawing from Barclays Africa Group aka Absa Bank due to ongoing uncertainties in the African market. This departure has resulted in mixed reactions from the market, with customers expressing skepticism about the potential impact on the bank's performance. The study was conducted at the Durban Central branch, which serves approximately 150,000 customers. A sample of 400 walk-in customers at the branch was selected using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Out of the 400 questionnaires distributed, 13 were discarded due to incomplete responses. This resulted in 387 questionnaires being returned. The collected data was analysed using the latest computerized Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. The findings of the study indicate that competition does exist within the banking sector, with banks employing pricing strategies to compete for customers. Most customers perceive Absa Bank as being competitive in the market. As a recommendation, it is suggested that branch management regularly conduct customer surveys to engage customers and identify areas for improvement that can be incorporated into the branch operations.
Family factors contributing to high school crime at Nzhelele East Circuit, Vhembe District
Authors: Mathungeni Recheal Nthangeni
Published: June 2024

Crime in high schools has become a major concern all over the world. High schools in Nzhelele East Circuit, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa also experience waves of youth crime perpetrated by learners. The aim of this study was to explore family factors which contribute to youth crime amongst learners in high schools in Nzhelele East Circuit. Three high schools (i.e. Mushaathoni, Nndweleni and Mphephu) known for high rate of crime were selected. Quantitative research approach was used. Survey questionnaires were administered among learners in order to collect quantitative data. Stratified random sampling was used to survey 40 grade 10 and 40 grade 11 learners from each of the three high schools. In total, 240 learners participated in this study. Data was analyzed using the SPSS instrument. Appropriate ethical principals were applied to ensure that research participants were not harmed. The study found that youth crime in high schools was attributed to family factors such as absence of parents, poor parenting style, abuse and domestic violence, poverty, divorce, single parenting and family size. The study recommended the need for a multi-pronged strategy through mobilization of relevant stakeholders (families, community leaders, education authorities, law enforcement agencies and other relevant government department to curb youth crime in high schools.
Key words: Crime, Learners, Bullying; Offenders; Victims; Violence; Youth crime, High school
A deflating quality TVET education in Gauteng Technical, Vocational Education and Training Colleges
Authors: Mahlangu Sizwe , Mtshali Thokozani
Published: June 2024

The post-secondary vocational education system in South Africa encounters many challenges, including a lack of professionalism among certain teaching people, an unresponsive curriculum, and inadequate management of day-to-day operations, leading to fragmentation within the system. This is corroborated by a 2014 Training Needs Assessment Study (TNAS) that uncovered a dearth of effective college leadership management abilities and the utilisation of insufficient instructional approaches in certain vocational schools. This study aimed to investigate the possible factors influencing the quality of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in certain colleges located in the Gauteng area of South Africa. The study employed a quantitative research methodology, collecting data using a survey. Subsequently, the data was subjected to analysis using SPSS. This study hypothesised that the current state of affairs may be attributed to inadequate and fragmented leadership and management techniques. The researchers expressed uncertainty regarding the implementation of a more integrated and focused leadership approach that would disperse responsibility for student accomplishment in order to enhance outcomes. This study aimed to examine the main obstacles to enhancing students' performance in TVET colleges and explore how a dispersed instructional leadership approach may be conceptualised to tackle these challenges at the institutional level. The study highlights the significance of collaboration and a fair allocation of power and competence to promote a collective leadership vision in the pursuit of enhanced institutional performance in a sector in need of positive results.
Enhancing safety in forensic units: insights from South African psychiatric nurses
Authors: Thwala Ntuthuko Ricardo , Mokoena-De Beer Andile Glodin
Published: June 2024

This qualitative study delves into the perspectives of psychiatric nurses in South Africa regarding safety enhancements in forensic units. Working in forensic units is linked to safety concerns due to frequent incidences of interpersonal violence and the nature of patients admitted to such units. As such, the need to explore measures to address safety concerns arose. In-depth interviews and reflexive thematic analysis revealed a consensus among nurses on the importance of various interventions, including improving security measures, enhancing the physical environment, fostering collaboration among staff members, increasing staffing levels, and garnering support from management. Notably, support from management emerges as a crucial factor in facilitating open discussions and sustained engagement in safety improvement initiatives. The study underscores the pivotal role of management support in realizing safer forensic units. The findings offer valuable insights applicable to forensic units in psychiatric settings globally, where safety concerns for both personnel and patients persist.
Understanding women’s representation and participation in local government planning
Authors: Kgobe Frans , Ramoroka Tlou
Published: June 2024

The extent of women's representation and visibility in local government planning in South Africa has been significantly constrained. Over the years, the recurring phenomenon of insufficient participation and representation in local governance has become a prevalent issue within the country. The inclusion and participation of women in the decision-making process of local government should not be driven solely by the necessity to comply with legislative and policy frameworks and not by just a mere representation in terms of reflecting on the number of participants. Incorporating diverse individuals and groups is crucial in guaranteeing that progress within communities is accomplished acceptably.  The act of prioritizing men's interests or political opportunism over women's interests in local government planning lacks justification.  This study elucidates diverse factors that underlie the insufficient involvement and representation of women in local government planning. These variables encompass the prevalence of custom, culture, and tradition; socialisation, attitudes, and stereotypes; violence against women in politics; the media; finances and resources; structural deficiencies; patriarchy; and education. The research relied on existing scholarly works and documented accounts to investigate the causative elements and explicate their effect on the developmental condition. The article posits that addressing these factors requires a comprehensive approach that includes a multifaceted approach and a dosage of sustained efforts to ensure that there is gender balance and fair representation of women in local government planning. The study contributes to a better understanding of the participation and representation of women in the context of local government planning. It provides insights into strategies for creating more inclusive opportunities for women to express their views and exercise influence in local decision-making procedures.