bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Trauma Severity with Antibody Seroconversion in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Fujita Motoo , Maeda Takuma , Miyata Shigeki , Mizugaki Asumi , Hayakawa Mineji , Miyagawa Noriko , Ushio Noritaka , Shiraishi Atsushi , Ogura Takayuki , Irino Shiho , Sekine Kazuhiko , Fujinami Yoshihisa , Kiridume Kazutaka , Hifumi Toru , Kushimoto Shigeki
Published: October 2021

BACKground: Heparin administration can induce the production of anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibodies with platelet-activating properties, causing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Previous studies have suggested that trauma severity influences HIT immune responses, but their relationship has not been fully explained. This study aimed to clarify this association by multicenter prospective observational study.methods: Trauma patients who met the criteria of age ≥18 years and Injury Severity Scores (ISS) ≥ 9 from March 2018 to February 2019 were included. Patients who did not receive any heparin and those who received it as flushes or for treatment were also included. A total of 184 patients were divided into three groups based on trauma severity (mild (9 ≤ ISS ≤ 15), moderate (16 ≤ ISS ≤ 24), severe (25 ≤ ISS)), and were compared by the seroconversion time and rate, as well as the disappearance rate of antibodies on day 30. RESULTS: Overall, the seroconversion rates of anti-PF4/heparin IgG and HIT antibodies by washed platelet activation assay were 26.6% and 16.3%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the seroconversion rates of anti-PF4/heparin IgG (p = 0.016) and HIT antibodies (p = 0.046) among the groups. Seroconversion rates in both assays increased with increasing trauma severity. The time required to achieve seroconversion was similar (between 5 and 10 days of trauma onset) regardless of heparin administration. Anti-PF4/heparin IgG and HIT antibodies were no longer detected on day 30 in 28.6% and 60.9% of seroconverted patients, respectively.Conclusions: Development of HIT antibodies was observed commonly in severely injured trauma patients. HIT antibody development may related to trauma severity, with high disappearance rate on day 30. HIT should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with thrombocytopenia or thromboembolism between 5 and 10 days after trauma.
Comparison of Short-Term Surgery Outcomes Between Older and Younger Patients With Middle Third Parasagittal and Falx Meningioma
Authors: Lin Tao , Chen Zhijie , Liu Da , Zeng Yongqin , Zhang Xubiao , Lu Ming
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose
Middle third parasagittal and falx meningiomas can cause severe neurological deficits. The incidence of meningioma rises with age and comorbidities. Elderly patients may suffer from operative complications and recover more slowly than younger patients. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics and surgery outcomes between younger and elderly patients with meningiomas.
Methods
The patients of middle third parasagittal and falcine meningiomas operated from January 2011 and December 2019 were reviewed in this retrospective study. All lesions arose from the middle third of the falx or superior sagittal sinus (SSS). The complications, such as peritumoral edema, operative blood loss, and neurological deficit, and postoperative hospital stay, were compared between groups.
Results
Forty-three elderly patients and 63 younger patients were included in the current study. The elderly had larger and more aggressive lesions than younger individuals (P=0.013). Moreover, the aging group had severe peritumoral edema (P=0.019) and longer postoperative hospital stay (P=0.009) than younger patients, while the younger suffered from higher blood loss (P=0.022) and reoperation (3 vs. 1) at perioperative period. Furthermore, no significant difference was detected in the neurological deficit between the two groups (p=0.97).
Conclusions
Although severe peritumoral edema gave rise to larger lesions, elderly patients with the middle third of parasagittal and falcine meningiomas shared similar surgery outcomes as younger individuals. However, after considering all the factors, elderly patients were more likely to develop minor postoperative complications compared to younger ones.
The Framework of Mechanics for Dynamic Behaviors of Fractional-Order Stochastic Dynamic Systems
Authors: Ren Ruibin , Yuan George
Published: October 2021

The main goal of this paper is to establish a general framework for dynamic behaviors of coupled fractional-order stochastic dynamic systems of particles by using star-coupled models. In particular, the general mechanics on the dynamic behaviors related to the stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon of a starcoupled harmonic oscillator subject to multiplicative fluctuation and periodic force in viscous media are established by considering couplings, memory effects, the occurring of synchronization linked to the occurring of SR induced. Here the noise is modeled with the fractional power kernel function and analytical expressions for the first moment of the stability between system responses and parameters in the long-time (of asymptotic stability) are also given. The theoretic and simulation results show the non-monotonic dependence between the response output gain and the input signal frequency, noise parameters provided by fractional-order stochastic dynamics are significant different by comparing those exhibited under the traditional integer-order stochastic dynamics, which indicates that the bona fide resonance and the generalized SR phenomena would appear. Furthermore, the fluctuation noise, the number of the particles for the systems, and the fractional order work together, producing more complex dynamic phenomena compared with the traditional integral-order systems. The theoretical analyses are supported by the corresponding numerical simulations, and thus it seems that the results established in this paper would provide a possible fundamental mathematical framework for the study of Schumpeter’s theory on the economic development under the “innovation and capital paradigm” and related disciplines. In particular, the framework established by this paper allows us at the first time logically concluding that “in principle. the ratio of SMEs growing up successfully is less than one third”, this is consistent with what the market has been observed commonly, but similar conclusion not available from the existing literature today. Finally, we like to point out that the framework established in this paper actually shows that under the basic model established in Section 2, through numerical simulation results given in sections 3 and 4, the fractional derivative in the interval (0; 1) as a basic tool, which can provide a new world with a more refined description of the market financial scene, such as in identifying risk factors or describing mechanics for enterprises’ growths more precisely with extra features compared with the traditional integer derivative one.
Atmospheric Trends Over the Arctic Ocean in Simulations from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) and Their Driving GCMs
Authors: Reader Cathy , Steiner Nadja
Published: October 2021

The Arctic Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (Arctic-CORDEX) uses regional climate models (RCMs) to downscale selected Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) simulations, allowing trend validation and projection on subregional scales. For 1986-2015, the CORDEX seasonal-average near-surface temperature (tas), wind speed (sfcWind), precipitation (pr) and snowfall (prsn) trends are consistent with the ERA5 analysis for the Arctic Ocean regions considered. The projected Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) 2016-2100 subregional annual tas trends range from 0.03 to 0.18 K/year. Projected annual pr and prsn trends have a large inter-model spread centered around approximately 5.0x10−8 mm/s/year and -5.0x10−8 mm/s/year, respectively, while projected sfcWind summer and winter trends range between 0.0 and 0.4 m/s/year. For all variables except prsn, and sometimes total precipitation, the driving general circulation model (GCM) dominates the trends, however there is a tendency for the GCMs to underestimate the sfcWind trends compared to the downscaled simulations. Subtracting the Arctic-Ocean mean from subregional trends reveals a consistent, qualitative anomaly pattern in several variables and seasons characterized by greater-than or average trends in the central and Siberian Arctic Ocean and lesser or average trends in the Atlantic Sector and the Bering Sea, related to summer sea-ice trends. In particular, a strong proportional relationship exists between the summer sea-ice concentration and fall tas and sfcWind trend anomalies. The RCP4.5 annual, multi-model mean trends are 35-55% of the corresponding RCP8.5 trends for most variables and subregions.
Predictors of Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast Within the Left Atrial Appendage in Cardiac Computed Tomography of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ouchi Kotaro , Sakuma Toru , Higuchi Takahiro , Yoshida Jun , Narui Ryosuke , Nojiri Ayumi , Yamane Teiichi , Ojiri Hiroya
Published: October 2021

PurposeCardiac computed tomography (CT) depiction of the relationship between spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) and findings of the left atrial appendage (LAA) has not been reported. We evaluated predictors of SEC within the LAA using findings of cardiac CT in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed cardiac CT findings of the LAA, including morphology, volume, and filling defects, of 641 patients who underwent Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) prior to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) from January 6, 2013 through December 16, 2019 at our institution. We investigated potential associated factors that might be predictors of SEC and computed a receiver operator characteristic,choosing a threshold value at which the likelihood of SEC could be predicted based on the LAA volume indexed for body size.ResultsSEC correlated significantly with history of persistent AF (P<0.001; odds ratio [OR], 3.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91–7.29), LAA early filling defects (P =0.003; OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.43–5.62), LAAFV (P<0.001; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99), and indexed LAA volume (P = 0.001; OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07–1.30) of 8.04 cm3/m2 or greater (sensitivity, 75.0%; specificity, 48.7%).The addition of LAAFV to indexed LAA volume increased the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve from 0.642 to 0.724 (P< 0.001).ConclusionFindings of LAA in cardiac CT might allow the noninvasive estimation of SEC and additional information for risk stratification and management of thromboembolic events in patients with AF.
Combined Endoscopic and Exoscopic Resection of Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts
Authors: Chuzhong Li , Zhenye Li , Songbai Gui , Peng Zhao , Jiwei Bai , Lei Cao , Sen Cheng , Chunhui Liu , Haibo Zhu , Zhang Yazhuo
Published: October 2021

Objective

In the past ten years, a fully endoscopic technique has also been widely used. Exoscope has also been developed for microneurosurgery which offers quality image and convenient manipulation. This article aims at introducing an endoscopic-exoscopic technique for the resection of epidermoid cysts.
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the patients with intracranial epidermoid cysts who received whole course combined endoscopic and exoscopic resection between 2017 and 2020 at our institution, to explore the benefit of combined endoscopic and exoscopic resection of intracranial epidermoid cysts and evaluated the clinical utility of endoscopic-exoscopic technique.
Results

A total of 17 patients were enrolled in the study. Of all patients, 6 patients (6/17, 35.3%) underwent total resection, 10 patients (10/17, 58.8%) underwent subtotal resection (residual capsule and/or) and 1 patients (1/17, 5.9%) underwent partial resection. Postoperative surgical complications were seen in 3 patients (3/17, 17.6%), including intracranial infection in 2 patients (2/17, 11.8%), and a delayed postoperative hematoma observed in the seventh day after operation for 1 patient (1/17, 5.9%), who was treated in a conservative manner and recovered smoothly from the hemorrhage. The median follow-up time was 33.3 months (range 14.5-54.5 months). During the follow-up period, there was no recurrence of the tumors that received total resection. 2 patients developed residual tumor regrowth but did not show any symptom therefore no further surgery was required.
Conclusions

Endoscopic-exoscopic technique is safe and efficient in the resection of intracranial epidermoid cysts with panoramic views and superior maneuverability. With further development and accumulation of practical experiences, the endoscopic-exoscopic technique can also be applied in the resection of other intracranial tumors.
Interhemispheric Asymmetry of the Brain in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Tonkikh Oksana Sergeevna , Samoylova Yulia Gennadevna , Matveeva Mariia Vladimirovna , Gerget Olga Mihaylovna , Kudlay Dimitry Anatolievich , Kanev Alexander Fedorovich , Kilina Oksana Yurievna , Aremu Stephen Olaide
Published: October 2021

With an ageing of population and a splurging epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM), the prevalence of complications associated with pathology of the central nervous system are expected to increase, which in the future may have serious consequences for public health. It is known that one of the main manifestations of brain damage in type 1 diabetes is cognitive impairment, which is possibly associated with the peculiarities of vascularization and interhemispheric asymmetry, which requires in-depth analysis using modern neuroimaging methods. The aim of the study is to assess the symmetry of structural, metabolic and neurovascularization changes in the brain in patients with type 1 diabetes and cognitive impairment. The study included 120 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 18 to 45 years suffering from cognitive impairment, and 30 people without cognitive decline which constituted the control group. Neuropsychological testing included the Montreal Cognitive Dysfunction Assessment Scale (MoCA test). For neuroimaging methods, standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), contrast and non-contrast-enhanced perfusion were used. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS Statistic 2020 software. In patients with type 1 diabetes with cognitive impairment, as manifested by impaired memory and/or attention, perfusion imaging revealed the presence of brain asymmetry zones. Standard MRI allowed to demonstrate changes in the white, gray matter and hippocampus in the right hemisphere. The results obtained were refined taking into account the topical localization, so during the perfusion study, regions with asymmetric blood flow were identified - namely, the white matter of the frontal lobe and the gray matter in the occipital lobe. Spectroscopy of the brain revealed that it was in these areas of the brain that the most significant metabolic disorders were noted – in the form of significantly altered ratio of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) / choline (Cho) on the left, along with the asymmetry in phosphocreatine level (Cr 2) on the right. In conclusion, early preclinical predictive diagnostics with the use of modern neuroimaging methods allows for timely detection of impaired vascularization and brain metabolism in this group of patients.
Preventive Strategies for Feeding Intolerance in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in China: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Fang Yuli , Ma Yuanyuan , He Haiyan , Chen Ting , Zhu Jingci
Published: October 2021

Background

The application of preventive strategies for feeding intolerance in severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) patients is discrepant among different hospitals. We aim to investigate the application status of preventive measures of feeding intolerance in China.
Method

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 996 clinicians and nurses working in intensive care units of 89 hospitals in China (response rate of 89.81%). Data were collected by means of an online survey. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze respondents’ characteristics and questionnaire responses.
Results

Clinicians and nurses usually applied several methods simultaneously to assess gastrointestinal functions and risk of feeding intolerance among STBI patients, including assessment scales, gastrointestinal symptoms, etc. Furthermore, initiating enteral nutrition (EN) within 24-48 hours (61.45%), < 500 ml initial volume of EN solution (50.00%), using non-nutritional preparations as initial EN formula (65.56%), nasogastric tube EN (91.16%), continuous feeding by pump (72.89%), 30°-45° of head-of-bed elevation during EN (89.46%), monitoring gastric residual volume by syringe (93.67%), assessing gastric residual volume every 4 hours (51.51%), EN solution temperature of 38℃-40℃ (65.46%), prokinetic agents (73.29%), enema (73.59%), probiotics (79.01%), and antacid agents (84.13%), were mostly applied strategies in clinical practice for preventing feeding intolerance among STBI patients.
Conclusions

The data from the survey showed that medical staffs in China are closely concerned with the gastrointestinal functions of STBI patients and EN delivery protocol, and have a positive attitude towards preventive strategies for feeding intolerance. Meanwhile, there are still many points need to be paid attention to and solved, and researchers, clinicians, nurses and dietitians should strengthen the cooperation to explore more valuable preventive strategies for feeding intolerance in STBI patients.
Generalising from Conventional Pipelines: A Case Study in Deep Learning-Based for High-Throughput Screening
Authors: Cruz Beatriz García Santa , Sölter Jan , Giro Gemma Gomez , Saraiva Claudia , Sabaté-Soler Sonia , Modamio Jennifer , Barmpa Kyriaki , Schwamborn Jens Christian , Hertel Frank , Jarazo Javier , Husch Andreas
Published: October 2021

The study of complex diseases relies on large amounts of data to build models toward precision medicine. Such data acquisition is feasible in the context of high-throughput screening, in which the quality of the results relies on the accuracy of the image analysis. Although state-of-the-art solutions for image segmentation employ deep learning approaches, the high cost of manually generating ground truth labels for model training hampers the day-to-day application in experimental laboratories. Alternatively, traditional computer vision-based solutions do not need expensive labels for their implementation. Our work combines both approaches by training a deep learning network using weak training labels automatically generated with conventional computer vision methods. Our network surpasses the conventional segmentation quality by generalising beyond noisy labels, providing a 25 % increase of mean intersection over union, and simultaneously reducing the development and inference times. Our solution was embedded into an easy-to-use graphical user interface that allows researchers to assess the predictions and correct potential inaccuracies with minimal human input. To demonstrate the feasibility of training a deep learning solution on a large dataset of noisy labels automatically generated by a conventional pipeline, we compared our solution against the common approach of training a model from a small manually curated dataset by several experts. Our work suggests that humans perform better in context interpretation, such as error assessment, while computers outperform in pixel-by-pixel fine segmentation. Such pipelines are illustrated with a case study on image segmentation for autophagy events. This work aims for better translation of new technologies to real-world settings in microscopy-image analysis.
Soybean AP2-Domain Transcription Factor GmWRI4 Optimize Ratio of Oleic Acid to Linoleic Acid in Seed
Authors: Di Qin , Piersanti Angela , Zhang Qi , Miceli Cristina , Liu Xiaoyi
Published: October 2021

Background: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] oil is a complex mixture of five fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and stearic). As a vegetable oils, soybean oil has a less than desirable fatty acid composition. The high content of linoleic acid contributes to poor oil oxidative stability. Soybean oil with lower linoleic acid content is desirable. To investigate the genetic architecture of linoleic acid in soybean seed, 510 soybean germplasms from China were collected as natural populations. Results: Phenotypic identification results showed that the content of linoleic acid varied from 36.22% to 72.18%. After a total of 2,423,512 nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were obtained, a new candidate gene Glyma.04G116500.1 (GmWRI14) related to linoleic acid was discovered by 3-year long Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). GmWRI14 belongs to the plant WRI1 protein family. The GmWRI14 showed a negative correlation with the linoleic acid content and the correlation coefficient was -0.912. To test whether GmWRI14 can lead to lower linoleic acid content in soybean seed, we introduced GmWRI14 into the soybean genome. Overexpression of GmWRI14 leads to higher accumulation of oil with lower linoleic acid content in soybean seed. RNA-seq verified that GmWRI14-overexpressed lines showed lower accumulation of GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-2b than non-transgenic lines. Conclusions: These results indicate that the down-regulation of FAD2 gene triggered by the transcription factor WRI1 is the underlying mechanism reducing linoleic acid level of seed oil. GmWRI14 is a new key candidate gene related to linoleic acid. These results will significantly improve understanding of the transcriptional control exerted by GmWRI14.
Ultrathin Picoscale White Light Interferometer
Authors: Dahiya Sunil , Tyagi Akansha , Mandal Ankur , Pfeifer Thomas , Singh Kamal P.
Published: October 2021

White light interferometry is a well established technique with diverse precision applications, however, the conventional interferometers such as Michelson, Mach-Zehnder or Linnik are large in size, demand tedious alignment for obtaining white light fringes, require noise-isolation to achieve sub-nanometric stability and importantly, exhibit unbalanced dispersion causing uncertainty in absolute zero delay reference. Here, we demonstrate an ultrathin white light interferometer enabling picometer resolution by exploiting the wavefront division of a broadband incoherent light beam after transmission through a pair of micrometer thin identical glass plates. Spatial overlap between the two diffracted split wavefronts readily produce high-contrast and stable white light fringes, with unambiguous reference to absolute zero path-delay position. The colored fringes evolve when one of the ultrathin plates is rotated to tune the interferometer with picometric precision over tens of µm range. Our theoretical analysis validates formation of fringes and highlights self-calibration of the interferometer for picoscale measurements. We demonstrate measurement of coherence lengths of several broadband incoherent sources as small as a few micrometer with picoscale precision. Furthermore, we propose a versatile double-pass configuration using the ultrathin interferometer enabling a sample cavity for additional applications in probing dynamical properties of matter.
Evaluation of Eco-environmental Quality of Coal Mining Area Using Multi-source Data – A Case Regarding Ibei Coalfield, Northwestern China
Authors: Jiang Huan , Fan Gangwei , Zhang Dongsheng , Fan Yibo
Published: October 2021

Eco-environmental evaluation is a prerequisite for balancing the relationship between coal resource recovery and eco-environmental protection. This paper divides the eco-environment system in coal mining area into 5 subsystems regarding geomorphology, climate, hydrology, land and vegetation, and human activity. Within the 5 subsystems, 13 indicators capable of reflecting eco-environment levels of coal mine fields are selected, weighed using genetic projection pursuit model, and applied to eco-environmental quality evaluation. Based on this, the spatial feature of the quality is analysed using spatial autocorrelation method, recognising the areas that need managements. Factors driving the eco-environment characteristics of coal mines are identified using geographic detector. The feasibility of the developed evaluation system is verified with Ibei Coalfield as a case. The results show that Ibei Coalfield sees a spatially heterogeneous eco-environment pattern. Geographic detector can quantify the impact of various indicators on ecological environment, and the indicator is of stronger interpretation ability as interacting with others. It is also indicated that mining area eco-environment is nonlinearly correlated to impact indicators. The spatial autocorrelation analysis suggests three areas that should be treated strategically, that are the management area, close attention area and protective area. This paper can provide scientific references for mining area eco-environmental protection, which is significant for the sustainability of coal mine projects.
Differentiating Electrolyte and Fluid Disorders
Authors: Lear Diane , Bruce Leigh
Published: October 2021

Vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is a nonapeptide that is synthesized in the hypothalamus and plays an important role in the control of the body’s osmotic balance, blood pressure regulation and kidney function. ADH induces expression of water transport proteins in the late distal tubule and collecting duct to increase water re-absorption. ADH is produced by neurons within the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, stored in secretary vesicles and transported through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract and released in the posterior pituitary. The secreted hormones then enter nearby fenestrated capillaries where they enter the body’s systemic circulation. These neurons express osmo receptors that are responsive to blood osmolarity and respond to changes as little as 2 mOsm/L.

Therefore slight elevations in osmolarity result in secretion of ADH. ADH acts in the kidneys to increase water re-absorption, thus returning the osmolarity to baseline. ADH is also secreted in times of hypovolaemia. Decreased arterial blood volume is sensed by bar receptors in the left atrium, carotid artery and aortic arch and the signal transported to the vagus nerve which directly stimulates the release of ADH. ADH then promotes water re-absorption in the kidneys to increase effective arterial blood volume and increase blood pressure to maintain tissue perfusion. Osmolarity and volume status are the two greatest factors that affect ADH secretion. There are three pathologic states related to ADH.
Penterjemahan Berasaskan Khalayak: Konsep dan Pelaksanaan
Authors: Abd Nasir Noor Ashikin , Che Omar Hasuria
Published: October 2021

Perkembangan digital dan Internet telah memberikan kesan yang signifikan
terhadap aktiviti penterjemahan. Kebolehan pengguna untuk turut serta dalam aktiviti penterjemahan secara meluas dilihat berlaku dalam konteks terjemahan yang dijana pengguna (user-generated translation, UGT). Perubahan konsep penterjemahan daripada berorientasikan penggunaan yang pasif kepada penterjemahan yang mengambil kira peranan dan sumbangan pengeluar teks serta pembaca menerusi perkembangan Web 2.0 telah membawa pengguna kepada paradigma baharu yang terhasil melalui UGT. Makalah ini bertujuan menjawab persoalan yang berkaitan dengan (1) konsep penterjemahan berasaskan pengguna atau khalayak (crowdsourcing translation), (2) pelaksanaan penterjemahan menerusi kaedah ini, dan (3) implikasinya terhadap penyataan status “profesional” dan “bukan profesional” berdasarkan konteks penterjemahan berasaskan khalayak. Menerusi pemerhatian kualitatif-deskriptif, konsep penterjemahan telah diperincikan, manakala tatacara penghasilan terjemahan serta penentuan status
penterjemah telah diteliti melalui kajian kes ke atas platform Flitto.com. Teori Model Dalaman Berteraskan Pengguna dan Model Komuniti telah dimanfaatkan untuk membantu menjelaskan lagi pelaksanaan tatacara penterjemahan berasaskan khalayak yang menjadi fokus kepada penulisan makalah ini.
Social Meanings in School Linguistic Landscape: A Geosemiotic Approach
Authors: Andriyanti Erna
Published: October 2021

As an approach to multilingualism, the study of linguistic landscape (LL) in educational settings is still underexplored. LL study is significant to disclose various aspects of language existence and use. In the school context, it might reveal what and how languages are used among school members and their relevance to education. This article aims to examine the emerging themes of signs’ messages in school LL and the contribution of multimodal social semiotic elements to the signage social meanings. It studied 890 signs from five senior high schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and used a geosemiotic approach to analyse the verbal and visual texts. The findings reveal eight major themes of messages: (1) location or place direction, (2) morality and religion, (3) environment and energy, (4) school identity and information, (5) activities, (6) how to comport oneself, (7) science and knowledge and (8) rules, regulations and acts. The three main modes (language, image and colour) in the school LL serve the functions to communicate and to represent the schools’ social reality relevant to the emerging themes through iconic and symbolic semiotic systems. The school LL is a multifaceted social construct that also reveals the relationship between the sign makers and the addressees.
Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay Systems for Monitoring the Content of the Main Non-Meat Additives in Meat Products
Authors: Zvereva E.A. , Hendrickson O.D. , Dzantiev B.B. , Zherdev A.V.
Published: October 2021

Abstract-Methods for control of the content of non-meat components (connective tissue of animals, eggs, soybeans) in meat products have been developed based on competitive enzyme immunoassay of biomarker proteins: collagen, ovalbumin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies against the biomarkers were produced. Screening of the following analysis conditions was carried out using the most affine preparations: the duration of the stages, the concentrations of the reagents, the composition of the reaction medium to ensure the completeness and the minimum limits of detection of analytes. It was shown that the immunochemical stage can be transferred to the kinetic mode and reduced to 20 min, while the total analysis took only 1 h. The selected conditions synchronized detection stages and provided the same signal amplitudes from all three biomarkers. An additional advantage of the method is that the analysis can be carried out at room temperature. The detection limits for collagen, ovalbumin and soybean trypsin inhibitor in the final extracts were 0.025 μg/mL, 0.012 μg/mL, and 0.001 μg/mL, respectively. Approbation of the method showed the reliability of the conclusions about the composition of the tested meat products; the relative standard deviation in the analysis of the monitored biomarkers was 8-10%.

Key words: enzyme-linked immunoassay, meat products, collagen, ovalbumin, soybean trypsin inhibitor

The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-16-00108).
Scaling up of the Production of Recombinant Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Obtaining Constructs Based on it
Authors: Esina T.I. , Gogina Ya.S. , Kaplina O.N. , Shcherbakov D.N.
Published: October 2021

Abstract-A step-by-step scaling-up of the production of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor has been carried out. The tenfold expantion of the technology made it possible to obtain 5 mg of the target protein with a purity of more than 96% from 1 g of wet cells. The produced protein series meets the requirements for recombinant proteins of the XIV edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. Conjugates of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor with dextran and molecular construct of the conjugates and double-stranded RNA were obtained. The adjuvant activity of the resulting preparations was shown in different models.

Key words: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, chromatography, molecular construct

We express our gratitude to the staff of the Laboratory of Immunochemistry of the SRC VB Vector N. V. Volkova, M. B. Borgoyakova, A. A. Isaeva and S. V. Belenkaya for assessing immunogenicity in the RBD model.
Uma Abordagem de Classificação de Ovos de Parasitos Intestinais Humanos em Imagens Microscópicas usando Redes Neurais Convolucionais
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Alberto Soares , Moreira Joao Marcelo Peixoto , Coelho Paulo Ricardo Silva , Negrão-Corrêa Deborah Aparecida , Geiger Stefan Michael , Guimarães Frederico Gadelha
Published: October 2021

Uma das maiores preocupações da área de saúde pública são causadas pelos parasitos intestinais humanos, que são encontrados em grande parte nos países tropicais. O diagnóstico dessas doenças parasitárias se dá por meio de sintomas fisiológicos e exame fecal. Frequentemente, poucos profissionais estão disponíveis e aptos a realizarem esse tipo de exame, que é considerado lento, difícil, propenso a erros e pode causar fadiga ocular no especialista. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho é utilizar redes neurais convolucionais para classificar ovos de parasitos intestinais, sendo um sistema de auxílio a tomada de decisão no diagnóstico de um exame de fezes. Foram realizados experimentos empíricos de modo a definir uma arquitetura da rede específica para cada problema. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma taxa de reconhecimento de 99.9%, para todas as métricas avaliadas. A aplicação desenvolvida será parte essencial de um futuro sistema totalmente automatizado.
Classification of productive profile using brain signals: Deep learning and neuroscience meets the mining industry
Authors: Siravenha Ana , Gomes Walisson , Tourinho Renan , Viademonte Sergio , Gomes Bruno
Published: October 2021

Classification of electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a complex task. EEG is a non-stationary time process with low signal to noise ratio. Among many methods usedfor EEG classification, those based on Deep Learning (DL) have been relatively successful in providing high classification accuracies. In the present study we aimed at classify resting state EEGs measured from workers of a mining complex. Just after the EEG has been collected, the workers undergonetraining in a 4D virtual reality simulator that emulates the iron ore excavation from which parameters related to their performance were analyzed by the technical staff who classified the workers into four groups based on their productivity. Twoconvolutional neural networks (ConvNets) were then used to classify the workers EEG bases on the same productivity label provided by the technical staff. The neural data was used in three configurations in order to evaluate the amount of datarequired for a high accuracy classification. Isolated, the channel T5 achieved 83% of accuracy, the subtraction of channels P3 and Pz achieved 99% and using all channels simultaneously was 99.40% assertive. This study provides results that add to the recent literature showing that even simple DL architectures are able to handle complex time series such as the EEG. In addition, it pin points an application in industry with vast possibilities of expansion.
Effects of the Karkheh Dam construction on haze generation due to geomorphological changes in the Khuzestan Province, Southwest Iran
Authors: Adib Arash
Published: October 2021

The construction of the Karkheh Dam is an important factor contributing to the occurrence of dust storms in the Khuzestan Province of Iran. It has reduced the annual mean flow discharge in the Karkheh River from 120 to 50 m3/s and dried land around the river. The area of dried land is 90.17 km2 around the river and 333.45 km2 in the Hawr-al-Azim wetland. The Rosgen method, Fluvial-12 software, and Shulits equation demonstrate the instability of the plan, cross sections and longitudinal slope of the river, respectively, around Pay-e-pol hydrometric station (upstream of the river). After dam construction, extreme erosion occurred in this part of the river. The type of sediment is clay and silt with D50 = 8 μm. The eroded sediment settles downstream (around Hamidiyeh hydrometric station) and the Hawr-al-Azim wetland. The wind can easily lift these particles especially from May to July. Because of the size of these particles, the haze concentration increased from 25% to 45% in dust storms. After construction of the dam, the dust storm days increased to 90 days in 2008. By increasing the stability of the river, the dust storms reduced from 2011. The annual volume of generated haze by geomorphological characteristic changes is almost 3107 m3.
Advances in Pyrazole Based Scaffold as Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 Inhibitors
for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Shaikh Jahara , Patel Kavitkumar , Khan Tabassum
Published: October 2021

:

The transformation of a normal cell into a tumor cell is one of the initial steps in cell cycle
deregulation. The cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that belong to the protein
kinase family. CDK2 is an enchanting target for specific genotype tumors since cyclin E is selective
for CDK2 and the deregulation of specific cancer types. Thus, CDKs inhibitor, specifically
CDK2/cyclin A-E, has the potential to be a valid cancer target as per the currently undergoing clinical
trials. Most of the pyrazole scaffolds have shown selectivity and potency for CDK2 inhibitors. This
review aims at examining pyrazole and pyrazole fused with other heterocyclic rings for antiproliferative
activity. Based on the invitro and molecular docking studies, the most potent analogues
for CDK2 inhibition are exhibited by IC50 value. Moreover, the review emphasizes the various lead
analogs of pyrazole hybrids which can be very potent and selective for anti-cancer drugs.
Classification of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with
Lewy Bodies using Resting EEG Selected Features at Sensor and Source
Levels: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Fraga Francisco J. , San-Martin Rodrigo , Del Percio Claudio , Lizio Roberta , Noce Giuseppe , Nobili Flavio , Arnaldi Dario , D'Antonio Fabrizia , De Lena Carlo , Güntekin Bahar , Hanoğlu Lutfu , Taylor John Paul , McKeith Ian , Stocchi Fabrizio , Ferri Raffaele , Onofrj Marco , Lopez Susanna , Bonanni Laura , Babiloni Claudio
Published: October 2021

Background:

Early differentiation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Dementia
with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is important for accurate prognosis, as DLB patients typically show
faster disease progression. Cortical neural networks, necessary for human cognitive function, may
be disrupted differently in DLB and AD patients, allowing diagnostic differentiation between AD
and DLB.

Objective:

This proof-of-concept study assessed whether the application of machine learning techniques
to data derived from resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms (discriminant
sensor power, 19 electrodes) and source connectivity (between five cortical regions of interest) allowed
differentiation between DLB and AD.

Methods:

Clinical, demographic, and rsEEG datasets from DLB patients (N=30), AD patients
(N=30), and control seniors (NOld, N=30), matched for age, sex, and education, were taken from
our international database. Individual (delta, theta, alpha) and fixed (beta) rsEEG frequency bands
were included. The rsEEG features for the classification task were computed at both sensor and
source levels. The source level was based on eLORETA freeware toolboxes for estimating cortical
source activity and linear lagged connectivity. Fluctuations of rsEEG recordings (band-pass waveform
envelopes of each EEG rhythm) were also computed at both sensor and source levels. After
blind feature reduction, rsEEG features served as input to support vector machine (SVM) classifiers.
Discrimination of individuals from the three groups was measured with standard performance
metrics (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity).

Results:

The trained SVM two-class classifiers showed classification accuracies of 97.6% for
NOld vs. AD, 99.7% for NOld vs. DLB, and 97.8% for AD vs. DLB. Three-class classifiers (AD
vs. DLB vs. NOld) showed classification accuracy of 94.79%.

Conclusion:

These promising preliminary results should encourage future prospective and longitudinal
cross-validation studies using higher resolution EEG techniques and harmonized clinical procedures
to enable the clinical application of these machine learning techniques.
Assessment of Pattern, Determinants and Treatment Practices of Menstrual
Disorders Among Medical Undergraduate Students
Authors: Joseph Nitin , Alfiya Ayisha , Khurana Megha , Divya Maheshwari , Gupta Kritika , Thangavelu Muthu Raja Ram
Published: October 2021

Background:

Menstruation-related symptoms (MRSs) have been observed to result in
absenteeism from either work or education, more commonly among women below 21 years than
women of any other age group. Despite its high prevalence and associated ill effects, it is generally
ignored even by medical students.

Objectives:

This study was conducted to assess the pattern, determinants, and treatment practices
of menstrual disorders among undergraduate medical students.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 215 female medical students from
first to final year. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. The height and
weight of participants were measured using standard procedures.

Results:

The most common menstrual disorders reported by participants over the past six months
were dysmenorrhoea (191(88.8%)) followed by irregular cycles (43(20.0%)). In multivariable analysis,
the presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and excessive consumption of coffee
was associated with irregular menstrual cycles; the presence of anaemia was associated with menorrhagia,
the presence of fibroids and age of participants were associated with polymenorrhoea, excessive
chocolate consumption was related to intermenstrual bleeding, excessive chocolate consumption,
presence of anaemia, and low body mass index (BMI) were associated with premenstrual
syndrome. Self-medication was reported by 15 (42.9%) out of the 35 participants on treatment.

Conclusion:

Dysmenorrhoea and menstrual irregularities were common among participants. They
need to limit potential risk factors like excessive consumption of coffee and chocolates. Additionally,
screening for anaemia, PCOS, fibroids and low BMI needs to be done. Self-medication practices
need to be also dissuaded in the setting.
Corrigendum to: Oleic Acid Vesicles as a New Approach for Transdermal Delivery of Econazole Nitrate: Development, Characterization, and In-vivo Evaluation in Wistar Rats
Authors: Verma Shivani , Utreja Puneet
Published: October 2021

The authors wish to add words “Research Scholar” and “Research Supervisor” to their affiliations [1].

The original article can be found online at

https://doi.org/10.2174/1574891X15999201110212725

The corrected affiliation is:

1Department of Pharmaceutics, Rayat-Bahra College of Pharmacy, Hoshiarpur, Punjab 146001, India; 2Faculty of Pharma-ceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab 142021, India; 3Research Scholar, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Punjab 144601, India; 4Research Supervisor, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Punjab 144601, India
Scope and Importance of Biological Chemistry
Authors: Takio Nene , Yadav Meera , Yadav Hardeo  Singh
Published: October 2021

Biochemistry allows us to understand how various chemical processes in all
living organisms interact and function to support life. It covers a wider range of
scientific disciplines, which are sub-categorised into different branches. In this unit, the
importance of biochemistry in medicine, health sectors, nutrition, and the living system
has been discussed in detail. It also helps to understand biological phenomena of the
environment and its conversation, genetic manipulations of genes via recombinant
DNA technology and gene sequencing via human genome project. The knowledge of
biochemistry has advanced tremendously and in forthcoming years, it has a potential
role in unravelling the mystery of life processes.
Fundamentals of Thermodynamics: Principle Applicable To Biological Processes
Authors: Takio Nene , Yadav Pratibha , Hazarika Anindita
Published: October 2021

All living organisms require energy from the surrounding and utilized by
biomolecules that mediates the flow of energy from exergonic reactions to the energy
requiring processes of life. This unit deals with the energy behind life in the form of
three laws of thermodynamics. Derived the mathematical equations for the laws.
Comparison of thermodynamic parameters like ∆H or ∆S and ∆G have been done to
provide meaning ful insights about a process and its use in calculating the relative
contributions of molecular phenomena to an overall process.
PREVENTION OF OFFENSES AMONG PERSONS HELD IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS AS A MEASURE TO ENSURE THE PERSONAL SAFETY OF CONVICTED PERSONS
Authors:   O.V. Pronina Academy of Law and Management of the Federal Penitentiary Service, Pronina O.V.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the concept of "law and order in a correctional institution". The connection of the concept of "law and order" with the concept of "personal security of convicts"is analyzed. The author proposed changes and additions to the Instructions for the Prevention of Offenses among persons held in institutions of the penal system «approved by the order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation of May 20, 2013. No. 72, which, in his opinion, will have a positive impact on the measures for the prevention of offenses in correctional institutions carried out by employees of the penitentiary system in order to ensure an appropriate level of law and order and ensure the personal safety of convicts.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INSTITUTION OF BLOOD FEUD IN INGUSHETIA, AT THE END OF THE XIX FIRST THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE "TERSKIYE VEDOMOSTI")
Authors:   E. Z. Kholokhoeva Chechen State University, Kholokhoeva E. Z.
Published: October 2021

In the modern period, great scientific interest is aroused by the institutions of customary law, which have not only survived, but sometimes manifest themselves, increasing attention to the problem of the institution of blood feud in the North Caucasus region, for example, in the Republic of Ingushetia. In the republic, the authorities are doing a lot to reconcile the blood feuds and the final elimination of this institution is of interest not only the institute itself but also different periods in the history of the Republic of Ingushetia (pre-revolutionary, secular and modern) when the authorities tried not only to reconcile but also to eradicate blood feuds. These periods and the work on limiting blood feuds are described in the works of N. Yakovlev, B. K. Dalgat, M.-S.G. Albogachieva, D.H. Saidumov, I. L.Babich, T.Pliev, M. S.Arsanukaeva, L. T.Agieva, L. B. Gandarova et al. authors. revenge was considered from different angles but there are still questions not investigated regarding the prevention of revenge in the early twentieth century. What is interesting is that in all periods, the government has strongly opposed the institution of revenge, which is understandable in principle. The attempts of the tsarist authorities, the clergy and the public to resolve the issue of blood feud among the Ingush are described in the interesting source "Sentences ..." the study of which is devoted to this article