bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Саморефлексия медицинского персонала детского инфекционного стационара в ситуации COVID‑19
Authors: Новикова Татьяна , Пирогов Дмитрий , Мурза-Дер Георгий
Published: June 2023

В статье представлены результаты качественного исследования саморефлексии медицинского персонала детского инфекционного стационара в ситуации COVID‑19. На момент проведения исследования специалисты работали в условиях «красной зоны» от шести до восьми месяцев. Ключевыми темами исследования выступили рефлексия врачами и медицинскими сестрами организационных изменений труда, анализ рисков COVID‑19, метарефлексивные размышления о профессии и собственном профессиональном будущем. Данные получены посредством полуструктурированных интервью сотрудников детского стационара. В исследовании принимали участие врачи и медицинские сестры. Полученные результаты отражают особенности субъективного восприятия медицинским персоналом работы в «красной зоне». Представлена рефлексивная оценка психоэмоционального состояния специалистов в связи с изменившимися условиями работы. Проанализировано изменение отношения врачей и медицинских сестер к собственной безопасности в связи с субъективным восприятием COVID‑19, формируемом в контексте расхождения в оценке опасности COVID‑19 из внешних источников и собственного опыта наблюдения течения заболевания в детском стационаре. Представлен рефлексивный анализ опыта столкновения медицинских работников с ситуациями дискриминации. Рассмотрены метарефлексивные размышления об изменениях восприятия себя как профессионала и собственной профессии в условиях COVID‑19. Сделаны выводы о том, что в условиях директивных изменений профессиональной деятельности рефлексия собственной роли как специалиста рассматривалась в спектре от совершения героического подвига до фаталистического принятия неизбежности. Когнитивный диссонанс между информацией получаемой из СМИ, и особенностями течения COVID‑19 у детей приводил к формированию неоднозначного отношения к вопросам о собственной безопасности и риску заражения, накладывал отпечаток на отношение к себе как возможному источнику инфицирования других. Отношение к себе и собственной профессии выражено тремя рефлексивными моделями: сохранение изначально существующего отношения к профессии; восприятие себя и собственной профессии в более позитивном ключе; кардинальное переосмысление своего профессионального будущего и важности медицинской профессии.
Immunolabeling of a Whole Mouse Brain v1
Authors: Recknagel Andrew
Published: June 2023

Our mice have sparse viral labeling of target neuron populations with genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs). Delipidation ensures that whole brain samples become optically clear and more accessible to antibody labeling. However, the signal from endogenous FPs is often dimmed or quenched during organic solvent delipidation steps. Tissue expansion also dilutes the concentration of fluorophores. To amplify signals of FPs for high resolution, multi-scale imaging, we immunolabel delipidated brain samples.
Sworn Translators’ and Interpreters’ Assessment. Literature Review and Analysis of the Information of Candidates for Certification and Recruitment Examinations
Authors: Ordóñez López PIlar
Published: June 2023

This article sets out to reveal the lack of standardisation and rigour in the field of translation assessment and its implications on candidates for translator's certification or recruitment examinations. A brief review of translation assessment literature is followed by a practical analysis of the information provided to candidates in three different examination procedures: examinations for the certification as a Sworn Translator, organised by the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs; examinations for the Chartered Institute of Linguists “Diploma in Translation;” and recruitment competitions for translators in the European Commission.

Received: 30-07-08/ Accepted: 15-01-09

How to reference this article:

Ordonez Lopez, P. (2009). La evaluación de traductores e intérpretes jurados. Revisión teórica y análisis del tratamiento informativo de los candidatos a pruebas de acreditación y selección. Íkala. 14(1), pp.59-81.
The Lexical Decision Test as a Tool for Spanish University Students Placement
Authors: Fairclough Marta , Ramírez Vera Carlos J.
Published: June 2023

The lexical decision test has shown to be a practical measure of overall language proficiency. For this study, the effectiveness of a lexical decision test was measured with two groups of Spanish/English bilingual university students at four levels. The test was designed using a Spanish frequency dictionary (Davies, 2006). Participants marked only those items that they knew on a list of 200 words that included real words and non-words. A cloze-test was used as a comparison measure. The results of this pilot study indicate a high correlation between the two measures, and they suggest that the lexical test is a valid, cost effective testing tool that is easy to administer and score.

Received: 16-07-08/ Accepted: 04-12-08

How to reference this articlé:

Fairclough, M. & Ramirez Vera, C. J. (2009). La prueba de decisión léxica como herramienta para ubicar al estudiante de español en los programas universitarios. Íkala. 14(1), pp.85-99.
Exploring Academic Writing and Voice in ESL Writing.
Authors: Correa Doris
Published: June 2023

This literature review explores two basic questions: First, why have English as a Second Language (ESL)/English as a Foreign Language (EFL) academic writing courses not been able to signiﬁcantly help ESL/EFL students meet the academic writing demands of their university courses? Second, how can ESL/EFL writing instructors better help these students succeed in their undergraduate courses? To respond to these questions, the author reviews how notions of academic writing, text, and voice have changed over time, and how these changes have inﬂuenced (ESL) and (EFL) writing approaches and methodologies. The author also presents some of the critiques that scholars have posed regarding each of these notions, approaches and methodologies, and draws some conclusions based on these critiques.

Received: 13-11-07 / Accepted: 08-12-08

How to reference this article:

Correa, D. (2009). Exploring Academic Writing and Voice in ESL Writing.Íkala. 14(1), pp.103-132.
A Holistic Proposal for English Elementary School Teachers’ Professional Development
Authors: Cadavid Múnera Isabel Cristina , Quinchía Ortiz Diana Isabel , Díaz Claudia Patricia
Published: June 2023

This article presents the findings of an action research project carried out by a group of teachers and students from the Universidad de Antioquia. The action research project aimed to determine the impact of a professional development proposal for elementary school English teachers. In the first section, the article describes the project, including its objectives, the methodology used, and the theoretical framework that supports the proposal. In the second part, the findings obtained in the study are discussed in light of the objectives stated. Findings reveal that  participant teachers improved both their use of the foreign language and their pedagogical practices as a result of having the opportunity to take risks and reflect as learners and teachers about holistic strategies for teaching and learning English as a foreign language. This work contributes to the construction of local knowledge in which university teachers as well as elementary school teachers work together to promote the construction of an academic community that encourages educational changes through professional development processes such as the one described in this article.

 

Received: 29-08-08/ Accepted: 11-12-08

How to reference this article:

 

Cadavid Munera, I. C.; Quinchia Ortiz, D. I. & Diaz Mosquera, C. P. (2009). Una propuesta holística de desarrollo profesional para maestros de inglés de la básica primaria. Íkala. 14(1), pp.135-158.
*Una investigación en historia de la traducción: cuatro traductores colombianos del siglo XIX
Authors: Montoya Paula , Ramírez Juan Guillermo , Ángel Claudia
Published: June 2023

In this article, we review a research project in translation history which focuses on the production of four Colombian translators who lived in the second half of the 19th Century. In order to establish the theoretical framework of this project, some of the fundamentals of research in translation history are reviewed, basically those developed by Gideon Toury, Anthony Pym and Antoine Berman.

Received: 31-03-06 / Accepted: 03-08-06

How to reference this article:

Montoya, P.; Ramírez, J. G. & Ángel, C. (2006). Una investigación en historia de la traducción: cuatro traductores colombianos del siglo XIX. Íkala. 11 (1), pp. 13 – 30
Textual Organization of Request Letters in Spanish and English and of Request Memoranda in Spanish: an Exploratory Study
Authors: Martínez Contreras María Stella , Moreno Castrillón Francisco
Published: June 2023

This paper describes a genre-based analysis of a group of request letters in Spanish and English and of request memoranda in Spanish, all produced by native speakers of Spanish1. The framework of analysis adopted is based on the concept of genre propo­sed by Swales (1990) and Bathia (1993). The generic description of these letters and memoranda shows which moves appear to be more conventionalized. The relationship between contextual factors and the choice of moves is explored. This paper concludes that this type of analysis can provide useful insights into the design of teaching materials for business communications in Spanish and English. Recieived: 31-05-04 / Accepted: 13-09-04 How to reference this article: Martínez Contreras, M. S. & Moreno Castrillón, F. (2004). Textual Organization of Request Letters in Spanish and English and of Request Memoranda in Spanish: an Exploratory Study. Íkala. 9 (1), pp. 83 – 102
Neutral Spanish in Specialized Discourse: Myth, Utopia, or Reality?
Authors: García Izquierdo Isabel
Published: June 2023

This paper reflects on the possibility of achieving a neutral (international) Spanish, based on an analysis of some determining factors in the current configuration of the Spanish language. The limitations and drawbacks of a neutral Spanish notwithstanding, we defend its appropriateness, parti­cularly in the field of scientific Spanish, as a tool to homogenize certain usages. This could enhance language cohesion in some contexts and, as a result, help Spanish to be viewed as a language of prestige. We also propose a conceptualization of neutral Spanish. We conclude by stating that neutral Spanish is not yet a reality but could become one if the different authorities involved in the standardization of specialized discourse were to agree on some basic criteria.

Received: 07-05-09 /Accepted: 28-07-09

How to reference this article:

García Izquierdo, I. (2009). El español neutro en los discursos de especialidad: ¿mito, utopía o realidad? Íkala. 14(3), pp.15-39.
Translating African Names in Fiction
Authors: Bariki Isaiah
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study the sociocultural and ethno-pragmatic significance of African names as used by the Yoruba and Izon of Nigeria and the Akan of Ghana. From the perspective of linguistic anthropology, we show the non-arbitrary nature of these names and demonstrate the need to translate them, particularly in fictional texts, so that their significance may be preserved.

Received: 25-11-08 / Accepted: 07-07-09

How to reference this article:

Bariki, I. (2009). Translating African Names in Fiction. Íkala. 14(3), pp.43-61
Educational and Lingusitic Problems of the Idigenous Peoples of Venezuela
Authors: Bondarenko Pisemskaya Natalia
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we examine the situation of Venezuelan indigenous peoples and their respective languages. We present the history and scope of the System of Intercultural Bilingual Education and discuss the implications of language policies of the Venezuelan State regarding linguistic and educational matters. It is a documentary study conducted using qualitative methods, theoretical analysis, and a semi-structured, focused interview. We conclude that, despite the efforts of the Venezuelan State, the indigenous peoples themselves must take responsibility for both their destiny and their languages, guided by the principle of self-determination, without so much intervention by the State. 

Received: 18-11-08 /Accepted: 11-07-09

How to reference this article:

Bondarenko Pisemskaya, N. (2009). Problemática lingüístico-educativa de los pueblos indígenas de Venezuela. Íkala. 14(3), pp.65-84.
Who is Educating EFL Teachers: a Qualitative Study of in-service in Colombia
Authors: González Adriana
Published: June 2023

This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study designed to explore the professional needs of EFL teachers. Data collection techniques included focus groups, a questionnaire, and in-depth interviews. The results suggest that many EFL teachers may not experience the benefits of the professional options provided by institutions of higher education; less formal and structured training opportunities, such as professional conferences and publishers' sessions,  are considered by many of them as the real agents of their education.  The implications of these beliefs for the professionalization of the teachers are discussed. Received: 25-08-03 / Accepted: 29-09-03 How to reference this article: González, A. (2003). Who is Educating EFL Teachers: a Qualitative Study of in-service in Colombia. Íkala. 8(1), pp. 153 – 172
*El desarrollo de una cultura de la evaluación
Authors: Murphy Dermot , Frodden Armstrong (TRADUCTORA) María Cristina
Published: June 2023

This article presents a variety of arguments in favor of a culture of participatory and effective evaluation, especially in educational institutions. It states how important it is for all members of the organization to use evaluation, to be able to discuss its findings, and to participate in decision making and in the implementation of the changes planned, so that the evaluation can support change and development. Personal, professional and institutional benefits and some strategic guidelines for the development of a culture of participatory and effective evaluation are also mentioned. Received: 27-06-02 / Accepted: 29-08-02 How to reference this article: Murphy, D. (2002). El desarrollo de una cultura de la evaluación. Íkala. 7(1), pp. 75 – 85
Traductores de poesía en Colombia. Antología (1999)
Authors: Cortés Tapias Guillermo
Published: June 2023

How to reference this article:

Cortés Tapias, G. (1999) Traductores de poesía en Colombia. Antología (1999). Íkala, Revista de lenguaje y cultura 6, 11-12. 103-106.
Acquisition de langue étrangère et activité argumentative
Authors: Musialek Danièle
Published: June 2023

Je caractériserai d'abord le cadre participatif d'une histoire interactionnelle, puis je rendrai compte de l'activité argumentative construite dans le lecte français d'une locutrice polonaise. Cette interaction met en scène trois participantes: l'informatrice Misia (Ma), sa sœur Marzena (Mz) et l'enquêtrice (Da). La rencontre a été arrangée dans l'appartement de Marzena.
María o la idealización de la realidad
Authors: Gómez de González Blanca Inés
Published: June 2023

How to reference this article: Gómez de Gonzáles, B. I. (1996). María o la idealización de la realidad. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 1, 1(1-2). 117-124.
*Adquisición de una lengua extranjera por medio de la solución de problemas de comunicación
Authors: Arias Rodrigo , Duque Alvaro , Mitchell Yanik
Published: June 2023

How to reference this article:

Arias, R., Duque A. & Mitchell Y. (1997) Adquisición de una lengua extranjera por medio de la solución de problemas de comunicación. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 2,(1-2). 45-56.
*¿Traducir en lengua materna?
Authors: Villa Mejía Victor
Published: June 2023

How to reference this article:

Villa Mejia, V. (1997). ¿Traducir en lengua materna?. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura, 2, (1-2). 123-134.
Alone with you, Medellìn
Authors: Arango Gonzalo
Published: June 2023

How to reference this article:

Arango, G. (1997). Alone with you, Medellìn. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura, 2, (1-2). 123-134.
Del Camajan a la calentura del parcero
Authors: Medina Gonzalo
Published: June 2023

How to reference this article:

Medina, G.(1998). Del Camajan a la calentura del parcero.  Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 3, (5). 33-36
Los Linderos del Tecnolecto
Authors: Villa Mejía Victor
Published: June 2023

How to reference this article:

Villa Mejía, V. (1998). Los linderos del tecnolecto. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 3, (5). 47-61
*Parlache, crisis social y medios de comunicación
Authors: Castañeda Naranjo Luz Stella , Henao Salazar José Ignacio
Published: June 2023

Mass media have been determinant in the spreading ofParlache. This social dialect created by youngsters from lower class neighborhoods in Medellin to express their reality, is characterized by marginalization, uprooting and new "values" that emerge from a social crisis, due to factors such as social decay, violence, drug dealing, drug abuse and unemployment.

How to reference this article:

Castañeda Naranjo, L. S. & Henao Salazar, J. I. (1998) Parlache, crisis social y medios de comunicación. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura, 3(2). 17-31.
Reading literary texts
Authors: Fanganiello Guiomar
Published: June 2023

The transmitor (author) through lexical selectionproduces meaning: the onomasiological operation. In the literary text, the author creates a metaphor stemming from a common sema. The receiver (reader) understands the metaphor through the semasiological operation. The author of this article offers an analysis of the word «blood», in Jorge de Lima's piece of poetry, O grande desastre aéreo de Ontem.

How to reference this article:

Fanganiello, G. (1998). Leitura do Texto Literario. Íkala. 3 (2), pp   79 – 88
Of the Language of the Origins
Authors: Cavalcante Shuback Marcia Sá , Aguirre Beatriz
Published: June 2023

The ideas of identity, nation, culture and mother tongue according to Western tradition can all be related to the notion of space.

However, nowadays as mankind experiences much uprooting, he must redefine such concepts in terms of spacelessness and life infinity. The language of beginnings, the mother tongue, allows mankind to reencounter his creative space and to stablish relationships.

How to reference this article:

Cavalcante Shuback, M. S. & Aguirre, B. (1999). De la Lengua del Comienzo. Íkala. 4 (1-2), pp. 31 - 46
Dialogue (in a meta-logic key)
Authors: Vélez Upegui Mauricio
Published: June 2023

The author recreates the variations and conceptual changes associated with dialogue as an historical practice. Whereas the socratic dialogue was conceived as a dialectical game which according to the author, was much of a discoursal transvestism, the modem dialogue became the actualization of subjective reasons, presupposing, then, a dia- logical competence. But, what would be of the dialogue, if it were solely the juxtaposition of monologues?

How to reference ths article:

Vélez Upegui, M. (1999). El diálogo (en clave metalógica). Íkala. 4(1-2), pp. 168 -181
Los flujos de las editoriales brasileñas dentro del panorama de la literatura italiana traducida. Observaciones sobre la trayectoria de las editoriales Brasiliense, Hedra y Boitempo
Authors: Serafim Lucas de Sousa
Published: June 2023

Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre el panorama de la literatura italiana traducida en Brasil a través de la trayectoria de tres editoriales nacionales, desde su fundación hasta nuestros días: Brasiliense, Boitempo Editorial y Editora Hedra. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de los matices de estas industrias en el mercado y de la representatividad y prestigio dados por estas editoriales a estas obras de la cultura italiana, entre otras cosas. Esta investigación también tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la vida social, política y cultural de ambos países de forma paralela a las historias escritas por los prestigiosos editores.
O Estado pode ser responsabilizado pelas mortes decorrentes da pandemia de coronavírus?
Authors: Júnior Eudes Quintino de Oliveira , Abud Carol de Oliveira
Published: June 2023

Objective: to examine whether the state can be held responsible for deaths caused by coronavirus. Methods: An exploratory study was carried out using the websites of the Federal Government and the Superior Court of Justice in order to clarify and address government acts and omissions surrounding the health emergency of pandemics. The fundamentals and legal requirements identified in scientific investigations and in the doctrine were conceptually analyzed along with similar jurisprudential observation and the technical-legal and deductive approaches. Results: unpredictability is a foundation that precludes indemnification, but from a cautious standpoint, the form in which the government responded to the pandemic with specific measures and policies may result in culpability for indemnification obligations. Conclusion: Pandemic events generally preclude liability because of their unpredictability. However, they could take place within a framework of predictability that enables risk reduction through public health policy.
Received: 24/06/22 | Accepted: 06/03/23
Teoria dos limites dos limites e as restrições de liberdades individuais na pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Neto Homero Lamarão , Queiroz Marina Moraes Diniz de Oliveira
Published: June 2023

Objective: to analyze the theory of limits of limits as a suitable argument to solve the possible collision of fundamental rights in the context of the pandemic, starting from the premise of their relativity. Methods: the deductive method was applied through a bibliographic search of scientific articles in the Google Scholar and Scielo databases in 2021 and 2022 on the theory of limits of limits and an exploratory documentary research on the regulations implemented in the municipality of Araraquara that lead to a limitation of individual rights. Results: question of the basis of normative acts and judicial decisions that have led to the application of restrictions on fundamental rights loses argumentative consistency when the alleged acts are a construction from the theory of limits of limits boundaries. Conclusion: it has been established that fundamental rights are not absolute rights and therefore their relativization is possible by observing the parameters of the theory of limits of limits to allow the restriction during the pandemic COVID -19 by balancing the values in a Democratic and Social State of Law.
Received: 05/09/22 | Accepted: 24/04/23
Gestores municipais de saúde da Paraíba: percepções, abordagens e práticas inerentes ao fenômeno da judicialização
Authors: Batista Bianca , de Carvalho André Luís Bonifácio , Rocha Edjavane , Barbosa Daniella de Souza , Maia Andrey , Santos Otávio Augusto Nasser , Do Nascimento Raquel Veloso
Published: June 2023

Objective: to analyze the perceptions of municipal leaders in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, on the topic of health judicialization. Methodology: it is a descriptive and analytical study of a cross-sectional nature, carried out in 2018. Questionnaires were administered to 31 municipal health managers, proportionately representing 75% of the population of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Results: judicialization is a phenomenon more associated with factors outside the management of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). The discussion process about judicialization tends to take place in the Inter-institutional Commissions. The representative bodies and the Public Ministry are the main allies in the dispute. Weaknesses in the construction of administrative instruments have been identified, and solutions include better knowledge of this phenomenon by the SUS administrative bodies and sectors, and in the qualification of regulatory measures. Conclusion: the complexity of health judicialization is perceived, from its understanding to the difficulties of managing it. It is important to develop strategies that promote communication and information and improve the knowledge of regulatory bodies and SUS administrative sectors to better deal with this phenomenon.
Received: 07/10/22 | Accepted: 05/03/23
Barriers to Participation in Polarized Online Discussions About Covid-19 and the Russo-Ukrainian War
Authors: Novotná Martina , Macková Alena , Bieliková Karolína , Rossini Patrícia
Published: June 2023

Even though social networking sites create a unique online public space for the exchange of opinions, only a small share of citizens participate in online discussions. Moreover, research has depicted current online discussions as highly uncivil, hostile, and polarized, and the number of heated discussions has escalated in the last two years because of health, social, and security crises. This study investigates the perceived barriers to participation in Facebook discussions, focusing on two topics: the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian War. It explores the role that the negativity of these online discussions has on participation. To investigate the perspectives of users and their personal experiences with online discussions in times of crisis, we apply a qualitative research method and interviews with participants. We collected and analyzed 50 semi-structured interviews with Czech Facebook users who participated in discussions during the spring of 2021 (i.e., Covid-19) and the spring of 2022 (i.e., Russo-Ukrainian War). The results show that, after initial mobilization at the beginning of the pandemic, the crisis reinforced several crucial barriers to participation in discussions due to the perceived persistence of polarization (e.g., the spread of disinformation, the bipolar character of discussions, negative perception of opponents), which subsequently spread to other areas and issues. The data also implies that these barriers tend to demobilize less active participants, those who do not have strong opinions, and participants who think the subject matter is not worth the heated exchange of opinions.
Multimedianess as a Technology of Genre Diffusion Within Transformation of Media Industry
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Horodenko Lesya , Tsymbalenko Yevhen ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to consideration of transformations and changes of a number of journalistic genres that occur under the influence of multimedia interactive technologies. In particular, the genre diffusion in the media materials on the Internet and the trends of genre transformation under the influence of multimedia technologies are analyzed. The main features of multimedia genres in comparison with traditional ones are tracked and the reasons for combination of some genres are analyzed. The objective of the article is to systematize and to describe the genre transformations under the influence of multimedia technologies. In the article, the traditional approach to selection of genre forms was used as the basis for division into the groups, based on the classic genres in press, on television and radio. The attention is paid to such unique media genres as a blog, a podcast and a multimedia story. Another approach used by us in classification is based on the principle of genre synthesis (“parasitism” of multimedia genre on the traditional characteristics with a partial adaptation to the new environment) and on its uniqueness (absence of analogues in traditional journalism). Separately, we highlight the integration approach, according to which the genres with a minimum number of combined elements (for example, a Twitter report) and the complex multimedia structures (a multimedia talk show or an audio slideshow) are distinguished. A number of scientific methods were used in the work, which made it possible to realize the formulated goal and the tasks. In particular, the monitoring of coverage of the topic of genres diffusion and multimedia technologies in the scientific articles and the monographs was carried out with the help of traditional analysis (analysis of sources). The logic of construction of a theoretical study was formed using a systematic method. The explanation of semantic accents of genres‘ transformation based on the established characteristics and the characteristics which are formed under the influence of multimedia and interactive technologies is carried out within the scope of interpretation. The method of comparison was used to find the common and the distinctive features between traditional and transformed genres, as well as to compare the views of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the key concepts of the study. The method of extrapolation was used when transferring the basic properties of traditional genres to the modified ones. The methods of classification and systematization are used on the final stage of the research, within of which the results are finally summarized and the systematization is developed.
ON THE DISCOURSES OF SPANISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine, Saifutdinova Olena
Published: June 2023

This article is devoted to the topics that appear in the textbooks of the Spanish language written by Spanish authors. Special attention to the traditional discourses is paid. The textbooks are studied considering its didactic orientation, and it is observed that the topics represented in the textbooks change depending on its components: the texts and the tasks offered. It is shown that the text, the tasks and the exercises of the Spanish textbooks represent the cultural and mental characteristics of the Spanish nation along with the language. It is discovered that Spanish textbooks of Spanish language reflect traditional stereotypes and axiological points of the Spanish nation. It is especially characteristic of grammar books that, at first sight, seem to be far from the topics of Spanish day-to-day life, civilization, culture, and history. The discourse of the textbooks is described from the focus on the communicative, emotive, and metalinguistic functions of the language. The research has revealed that, in some cases, Spanish textbooks represent valuable sources for studying civilization and culture or even the history of Spain. As far as further research is concerned it is recommended to use the methods of the corpus linguistics. Free and directed associative experiments would be useful too as well as quantitative and statistical methods for their procession.
GÜLŞEHİR-ÖZKONAK-HACIBEKTAŞ ARASI (ORTA ANADOLU-NEVŞEHİR) KIRŞEHİR MASİFİ VE ÖRTÜ BİRİMLERİNİN STRATİGRAFİSİ
Authors: DEMİRCİOĞLU Ramazan
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada, inceleme alanının stratigrafisi ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma alanında temeli, Paleozoyik-Mesozoyik yaşlı Kırşehir Masifi’ne ait metamorfitler ile bunları kesen Geç Kretase yaşlı magmatikler oluşturur. Paleosen-Eosen yaşlı Ayhan grubu, masifin örtü kayaçlarının ilk topluluğudur. Ayhan grubu alttan üste doğru, 1- Paleosen yaşlı alüvyal yelpaze ve akarsu çökellerinden oluşmuş Saytepe formasyonu, 2-Sığ denizel (gölsel?) ortamı belirten, Üst Paleosen-Alt Eosen yaşlı Esefin formasyonu, 3-Sığ denizel-lagüner özellikli, Alt-Orta Eosen yaşlı Kubaca formasyonu, 4-Karasal-sığ denizel kırıntılı kayaçlardan oluşmuş Alt-Orta Eosen yaşlı İlicek formasyonu, 5-Açık denizel ortamı yansıtan, Alt-Orta Eosen yaşlı Alıçlı formasyonu, 6-Fliş karakterli kırıntılı kayaçlardan yapılı Orta Eosen yaşlı Lalelik formasyonu ve en üstte 7-Sığ denizel resifal ortam koşullarını yansıtan Lütesiyen yaşlı Altıpınar formasyonundan oluşmuştur. Bu grup, akarsu-göl ve bataklık ortamlarını yansıtan Oligosen?-Orta Miyosen yaşlı Kızılöz formasyonu tarafından açılı uyumsuz olarak örtülmektedir. Bu birimler, açılı uyumsuz olarak Yaylacık grubuna ait Geç Miyosen yaşlı gölsel, karasal ve volkanoklastikler tarafından örtülmektedir. Üst Miyosen-Pleyistosen yaşlı Avanos grubuna ait birimler, bütün birimleri uyumsuz olarak örtmektedir. Alanın en genç birimlerini ise Kuvaterner yaşlı yamaç molozu, alüvyon ve travertenler oluşturur.
GÜNEŞ ENERJİ SANTRALLERİNİN ŞEBEKE ENTEGRASYONUNDA YÜK AKIŞI ANALİZLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: KAHRAMANMARAŞ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: AYGÜN Zehra , AVLİ FIRIŞ Fatma , ŞEKKELİ Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Dünya nüfusunun hızla artmasıyla enerjiye gereksinim her geçen gün artmaktadır. Enerji ihtiyacını karşılamakta kullanılan konvansiyonel enerji kaynakları sınırlı kapasiteye sahip olmaları nedeniyle yerini yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına bırakmaktadır. Bu yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları arasında en çok tercih edilen kaynak ise güneş enerjisidir. Bu çalışmada, güneş enerjisine dayalı üretim santrallerinin teknik açıdan incelenmesi konusuna odaklanılmıştır ve bu minvalde güneş enerji santrallerinin şebekeye entegrasyonu sonrasında farklı koşullara göre değişen yük akışı analizleri gerçek bir elektrik dağıtım şebekesi üzerinde incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Digsilent Power Factory programı ile reel şebekedeki güneş enerji santrallerinin yoğun olarak bulunduğu bir pilot fider seçilmiş ve yük akışı analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş olup gerilim profilinde olumlu etkiler olacağını göstermiştir. Digsilent Power Factory programından alınan analiz sonuçları, güneş enerji santrallerinden üretilecek gücün lokasyonel bazlı dağıtılmasıyla üretim santrallerinin lokasyonunun tüketilen elektrik enerjisinden gereğinden fazla düzeyde üretim yaptığı takdirde gerilimde seviyesinde yükselme olduğunu, üretim santrallerinin gerçekleştirdiği üretim seviyesinin alandaki tüketilen enerji seviyesine takribi durumunda ise gerilim seviyesindeki yükselmelerin azaldığını göstermiştir.
SÜRÜ ZEKÂSI TABANLI ALGORİTMALAR İLE TÜRKİYE’NİN UZUN VADELİ ENERJİ TÜKETİM TAHMİNİ
Authors: BABAOĞLU Merve , HAZNEDAR Bülent
Published: June 2023

Enerji, ülkelerin en önemli uygarlık araçlarından biridir. Dünya genelinde artan nüfus, refah seviyesi ve gelişen teknoloji enerji tüketimini ciddi manada arttıran faktörlerdendir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma çerçevesinde enerji üretiminin ve tüketiminin gerçekleştirilmesi günümüzün hiç şüphesiz en önemli hedeflerinden birisidir. Tercih edilen enerji türünün tükenebilir enerji kaynağı olması, bu enerji kaynaklarında dışa bağımlı olması ve çevresel durumlardan dolayı Türkiye’de gelecek yıllarda ne kadarlık enerjiye ihtiyaç duyulabileceğinin tahmin edilebilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu önemli öngörüyü elde edebilmek için çalışmada, sürü zekâsı tabanlı meta-sezgisel algoritmalardan Balina Optimizasyon Algoritması (BOA) ve Yapay Arı Kolonisi Algoritması (YAK) tercih edilmiştir. Enerji tüketimini en çok etkileyen nüfus, gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla (GSYH), ithalat ve ihracat gibi bağımsız değişkenlerin 1990-2009 yılları arasındaki veriler eğitim, 2009-2019 yılları arasındaki veriler ise test için kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen en iyi model sonuçlarına göre ise muhtemel dört senaryoda 2040 yılına kadar Türkiye’nin ihtiyaç duyabileceği enerji miktarı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu hesaplamalara göre YAK modelinin test verileri için %86 R^2ve %8,74 MAPE (Ortalama Mutlak Yüzdesel Hata) değerleri ile BOA modeline göre daha iyi sonuç verdiği gözlenmiştir.
TANE BOYUTU VE DEHİDRATASYON SICAKLIĞININ ANHİDRİT ALÇI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Lütfullah , KALKAN Şevket Onur
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada inşaat sektörüne yönelik üretimi yapılacak alçılarda, hammadde olan jipsin tane boyutunun ve pişirme sıcaklığının son ürünün performansına etkileri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Özellikle, alçıtaşından anhidrit III alçı üretiminin aşamaları detaylandırılmıştır. Analizlerde kullanılan alçıtaşı boyut aralıkları sırasıyla 16 mm’dir. Her bir boyut aralığındaki alçıtaşı örnekleri sıcaklığı önceden sırasıyla 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 220, 240, 255 ve 270 °C’ye ayarlanmış bir fırında 10’ar dakika krozeler içinde bekletilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, özellikle 0.75-1 mm boyut aralığındaki alçıtaşı örneklerinin anhidrit alçı için dehidratasyon ve kalsinasyon sıcaklık değerinin 200°C olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu tane boyutu ve sıcaklık ile üretilen anhidrit III ürünü tekrar boyutlandırılmış ve mekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. En yüksek basınç dayanımı 500-750 μm olarak boyutlandırılan anhidrit III’te tespit edilmiştir.
THE COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF THRESHOLDING METHODS ON SEGMENTATION USING THE MOTH FLAME OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
Authors: KARAKOYUN Murat
Published: June 2023

Segmentation is an important preprocessing step that directly affects the success in image processing applications. There are many methods and approaches used for the segmentation process. Thresholding is a frequently used approach among these methods. There are several suggested approaches to thresholding. In this study, six different thresholding approaches were used as the fitness functions using the moth flame algorithm and the results obtained from these approaches were compared. In experimental studies, seven different threshold levels of 10 different images were studied. In comparisons made with three different metrics, it was seen that the Otsu method was generally more successful. It has also been observed that the minimum cross entropy and Renyi entropies can be used as alternatives.
Propuesta para mejorar el nivel de servicio de Atención al Cliente en la Industria Farmacéutica.
Authors: Escobar Carlos , Murillo Jhon , Garrido Bladimir , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: June 2023

En el presente artículo, se utilizaron las herramientas como checklist, diagrama de Pareto, diagrama de Ishikawa, para lograr identificar problemas presentados en el sector farmacéutico. Con las cuales se descubrió que los clientes presentaban un descontento respecto al servicio prestado esto era debido a falta de promociones, alto costo de algunos productos, lo cual permitió encontrar dos fallas esenciales. Primero los clientes están generando un rechazo del 60% del servicio prestado por la droguería. Segundo el 13% de los clientes manifiesta un descontento con al respecto a pocas promociones. Por lo tanto, se propusieron las siguientes recomendaciones. Realizar mensualmente promociones, capacitar al personal en servicio de atención, para reducir el descontento en los clientes y así evitar la pérdida de clientes. Además, se recomienda designar al encargado de la sucursal como responsable de inspeccionar el proceso que se está mejorando, al final de este estudio, se concluyó que, cuando aplicamos estas herramientas de calidad, estas nos permiten la facilidad de encontrar falencias y mejorarlas como es el caso de los establecimientos farmacéuticos, lo que permite generar mejora continua y poder fidelizar a nuestros clientes.
Diseño de prototipo de gancho portátil para baños públicos.
Authors: Ibáñez Alvarado Camilo , Rollo Castro Andriw , Romero Vega Bryan , Franco Acevedo Julian , Pardo Mesa Jousua , Cómbita Niño Johana Patricia
Published: June 2023

Introducción: Muchas veces en los baños públicos no se cuenta con algún gancho o soporte para colgar pertenecías mientras se hace uso de este, lo cual es un problema para resolver. Es el caso de la Universidad de la costa con algunos de sus baños dentro de las instalaciones, por lo cual nace una oportunidad de diseño para crear un nuevo elemento portable que supla esta necesidad.

Objetivo: El objetivo a alcanzar es solucionar la practicidad en los baños, suministrando una herramienta que facilite el manejo y la utilización de posesiones personales. Se analizarán y establecerán los requerimientos de diseño, definiendo el problema e incluyendo funciones que den respuesta a la comodidad en estos lugares.

Metodología: Se desarrolló una metodología con base en el modelo del proceso de diseño de French, ubicando 5 fases principales: Analizar el alcance del problema, generar conceptos de solución, representar los esquemas, desarrollar detalles, y validar con usuarios para obtener retroalimentación, haciendo iteraciones a lo largo del proceso.

Resultados: Se obtuvo un prototipo solución para el problema planteado que es consistente, llamativo a la vista, y cumple con su principal objetivo.

Conclusiones: Gracias a la implementación del proceso de diseño fue posible dar una solución a una necesidad identificada en el entorno. El producto fue desarrollado siguiendo un procedimiento iterativo con diversas fases expresadas en la metodología, dando como resultado un prototipo físico a base de impresión 3D. Aunque la solución es funcional, se pueden consideran algunos puntos de mejora como mayor portabilidad y adaptabilidad.
La Restauración Como una Estrategia Pedagógica para la Educación Ambiental. Caso. Corregimiento de Llorente, Municipio de Tumaco Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez-Palomino Ofir , Oyaga-Martínez Rafael-Fernando , Pineda Vides Fausto
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la restauración como estrategia de educación ambiental para la institución educativa Bilingüe Awa Inda Zabaleta Sede Awa Su, Corregimiento de Llorente, Municipio de Tumaco en Colombia. El estudio utilizó un enfoque cualitativo bajo el paradigma interpretativo. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la naturaleza en la vida de las comunidades indígenas Awa. También, lo importante que es la educación ambiental para fomentar la autorregulación en todos los niños indígenas. Finalmente se percibe la educación ambiental como una auténtica herramienta para trabajar en las comunidades Awa.
Comparative study between sugammedex and neostigmine as a reversal agent of rocuronium for pediatric patients 2-12 years old going for surgery under general anaesthesia
Authors: Abed H.E.A. , Abdelaziz A.M.R.
Published: June 2023

Aim. The neuromuscular blocker has long been used during surgical procedures. The neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium can be reversed with sugammadex and neostigmine as reversal agents. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of sugammadex and neostigmine comparison as a reversal agent of rocuronium for pediatric patients 2-12 years old going for surgery under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods. This review examined recent studies assessing the impact of sugammadex and neostigmine comparison as a reversal agent of rocuronium for pediatric patients 2-12 years old going for surgery under general anesthesia. Data were searched from Google Scholar, PubMed, Hindawi, Anesthesiology, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL using keywords’ General Anesthesia,’ ‘Reversal Agent,’ ‘Rocuronium for Pediatric Patients,’ ‘Neuromuscular Blockers,’ ‘Sugammadex and Neostigmine,’ ‘Role of Analgesics.’ The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Results. The initial search for publications comparing sugammadex and neostigmine as a reversal agent of rocuronium for pediatric patients yielded 9000 papers, from which 600 were selected. The reviews’ articles were further analyzed to ensure they were pertinent to the Comparative Impact of Reversal Agents (Sugammadex And Neostigmine) of Rocuronium for Pediatric Patients. Around 319 references were examined for their potential applicability to the medical field of anesthesia. A total of 15 articles were included, with preference given to those published from 2014 to 2023 during the last ten years. Conclusion. The particular relaxant-binding medication promptly and successfully alleviates rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in pediatric surgery patients. Considering the study’s outcomes, it can be concluded that sugammadex may restore any level of steroidal muscle relaxant-induced neuromuscular block faster than neostigmine.
Changes in the functional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis in rats of both sexes with Guerin’s carcinoma against the background of hypothyroidism
Authors: Kit O.I. , Frantsiyants E.M. , Bandovkina V.A. , Kaplieva I.V. , Surikova E.I. , Neskubina I.V. , Cheryarina N.D. , Trepitaki L.K. , Pogorelova Y.A. , Goroshinskaya I.A. , Zhukova G.V. , Arakelova A.Y. , Vaschenko L.N. , Kovalenko V.A. , Bykadorova O.V. , Kuligina A.S.
Published: June 2023

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) makes the body’s response to various stress factors, interacting with the thyroid and gonadal axis. The aim of our work was to study the effect by induced hypothyroidism on changes in the functioning of the HPA axis in rats with Guerin’s carcinoma of both sexes. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed in white outbred rats of both sexes. Hypothyroidism was induced in animals by medication for 30 days with Mercazolil, and then Guerin’s carcinoma was transplanted (the main group). The reference groups covered animals with the independent growth of Guerin’s carcinoma and with independent hypothyroidism, as well as intact animals (the normal conditions). On day 18 of the tumor growth, the animals were sacrificed, and, using standard ELISA kits, in the serum and the homogenates of the adrenal glands, the tumor and the perifocal zone, the level of cortisol was determined; in the homogenates of the hypothalamus we measured the concentration of CT-releasing hormone (CRH) and in the pituitary gland the concentration of ACTH. Results. Induced hypothyroidism both in males and females caused adrenal insufficiency. The growth of Guerin’s carcinoma increased the level of CT-releasing hormone in males by 9.6 times and cortisol in the adrenal glands in females and males by 1.3 times and 2.3 times (p<0.05), respectively. In the main group females and males we revealed a decrease in the level of CT-releasing hormone of the hypothalamus by an average of 1.4 times, ACTH in the pituitary gland by 1.5-1.8 times, but an increase in the cortisol concentration in blood and the adrenal glands only in males by an average of 1.5 times (p˂0.05). Only in males of the main group in the tumor and its perifocal zone, the content of cortisol increased by 5.9 times and 1.6 times (р˂0.05), respectively. Conclusion. The HPA axis has a gender-specific response to the growth of a malignant tumor, both in its independent growth variant and against the background of hypothyroidism, which in its independent variant causes adrenal insufficiency.