bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning augmented ECG analysis to identify biomarker-defined myocardial injury
Authors: Chaudhari Gunvant R. , Mayfield Jacob J. , Barrios Joshua P. , Abreau Sean , Avram Robert , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Tison Geoffrey H.
Published: February 2023

Chest pain is a common clinical complaint for which myocardial injury is the primary concern and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To aid providers’ decision-making, we aimed to analyze the electrocardiogram (ECG) using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict serum troponin I (TnI) from ECGs. We developed a CNN using 64,728 ECGs from 32,479 patients who underwent ECG within 2 h prior to a serum TnI laboratory result at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). In our primary analysis, we classified patients into groups of TnI < 0.02 or ≥ 0.02 µg/L using 12-lead ECGs. This was repeated with an alternative threshold of 1.0 µg/L and with single-lead ECG inputs. We also performed multiclass prediction for a set of serum troponin ranges. Finally, we tested the CNN in a cohort of patients selected for coronary angiography, including 3038 ECGs from 672 patients. Cohort patients were 49.0% female, 42.8% white, and 59.3% (19,283) never had a positive TnI value (≥ 0.02 µg/L). CNNs accurately predicted elevated TnI, both at a threshold of 0.02 µg/L (AUC = 0.783, 95% CI 0.780–0.786) and at a threshold of 1.0 µg/L (AUC = 0.802, 0.795–0.809). Models using single-lead ECG data achieved significantly lower accuracy, with AUCs ranging from 0.740 to 0.773 with variation by lead. Accuracy of the multi-class model was lower for intermediate TnI value-ranges. Our models performed similarly on the cohort of patients who underwent coronary angiography. Biomarker-defined myocardial injury can be predicted by CNNs from 12-lead and single-lead ECGs.
Serial dependencies between locomotion and visual space
Authors: Wiesing Michael , Zimmermann Eckart
Published: February 2023

How do we know the spatial distance of objects around us? Only by physical interaction within an environment can we measure true physical distances. Here, we investigated the possibility that travel distances, measured during walking, could be used to calibrate visual spatial perception. The sensorimotor contingencies that arise during walking were carefully altered using virtual reality and motion tracking. Participants were asked to walk to a briefly highlighted location. During walking, we systematically changed the optic flow, i.e., the ratio between the visual and physical motion speed. Although participants remained unaware of this manipulation, they walked a shorter or longer distance as a function of the optic flow speed. Following walking, participants were required to estimate the perceived distance of visual objects. We found that visual estimates were serially dependent on the experience of the manipulated flow in the previous trial. Additional experiments confirmed that to affect visual perception, both visual and physical motion are required. We conclude that the brain constantly uses movements to measure space for both, actions, and perception.
Hip arthroplasty for patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Shin Won Chul , Woo Seung Hun , Kim Tae Woo , Kim Do Hyung , Suh Kuen Tak
Published: February 2023

An increasing number of chronic renal failure patients are experiencing hip joint disorders. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of hip arthroplasty in chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis. Of 2364 hips that underwent hip arthroplasty during 2003–2017, 37 were retrospectively examined. Radiological and clinical outcomes of hip arthroplasty, and development of local and general complications during follow-up and their associations with dialysis duration were analyzed. The mean patient age, follow-up duration, and bone mineral density T-score were 60.6 years, 36.6 months, and − 2.62, respectively. Osteoporosis was noted in 20 cases. Most patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty with a cementless acetabular cup implant exhibited excellent radiological outcomes. There were no changes in femoral stem alignment, subsidence, osteolysis, and loosening. Thirty-three patients had an excellent or good Harris hip score. Complications developed in 18 patients within 1 year postoperatively. General complications developed in 12 patients at > 1 year postoperatively; no patient experienced local complications. In conclusion, hip arthroplasty for chronic renal failure patients on dialysis yielded excellent radiological and satisfactory clinical outcomes but may be associated with postoperative complications. Careful preoperative treatment planning and overall postoperative management are required to reduce the complication risk.
A new and accurate qPCR protocol to detect plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ in plants and insects
Authors: de Chaves María Quintana-González , Morán Félix , Barbé Silvia , Bertolini Edson , de la Rosa Felipe Siverio , Marco-Noales Ester
Published: February 2023

Four pathogenic bacterial species of the genus ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’, transmitted by psyllid vectors, have been associated with serious diseases affecting economically important crops of Rutaceae, Apiaceae and Solanaceae families. The most severe disease of citrus plants, huanglongbing (HLB), is associated with ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CaLas), ‘Ca. Liberibacter americanus’ (CaLam) and ‘Ca. Liberibacter africanus’ (CaLaf), while ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CaLsol) is associated with zebra chip disease in potatoes and vegetative disorders in apiaceous plants. Since these bacteria remain non-culturable and their symptoms are non-specific, their detection and identification are done by molecular methods, mainly based on PCR protocols. In this study, a new quantitative real-time PCR protocol based on TaqMan probe, which can also be performed in a conventional PCR version, has been developed to detect the four known phytopathogenic species of the genus Liberibacter. The new protocol has been validated according to European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) guidelines and is able to detect CaLas, CaLam, CaLaf and CaLsol in both plants and vectors, not only using purified DNA but also using crude extracts of potato and citrus or psyllids. A comparative analysis with other previously described qPCR protocols revealed that this new one developed in this study is more specific and equally or more sensitive. Thus, other genus-specific qPCR protocols have important drawbacks regarding the lack of specificity, while with the new protocol there was no cross-reactions in 250 samples from 24 different plant and insect species from eight different geographical origins. Therefore, it can be used as a rapid and time-saving screening test, as it allows simultaneous detection of all plant pathogenic species of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ in a one-step assay.
Investigation of V/III ratio dependencies for optimizing AlN growth during reduced parasitic reaction in metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Tomita Atsushi , Miyagawa Takumi , Hirayama Hideki , Takashima Yuusuke , Naoi Yoshiki , Nagamatsu Kentaro
Published: February 2023

AlGaN-based ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are expected to have various applications, including sensing and printing, and light with ultraviolet-C (UVC) wavelengths has a virus inactivation effect. The metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method has been used to fabricate LED devices with film control and impurity doping. However, to achieve high luminous efficiency, highly crystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) must be grown in the underlying layer. Although high temperatures are required to grow high-quality AlN for strong migration at the surface, there is a trade-off in the high temperature promoting parasitic reactions. These parasitic reactions are more dominant at a high V/III ratio with more raw material in the case of using the conventional MOVPE. Here, we used jet stream gas flow MOVPE to investigate the effect of V/III ratio dependencies in optimizing AlN growth and without affecting parasitic reaction conditions. As a result, trends of typical AlN crystal growth at V/III-ratio dependencies were obtained. AlN is more stable at a higher V/III ratio of 1000, exhibiting a double atomic step surface, and the crystal orientation is further improved at 1700 °C compared to that at a lower V/III ratio.
Spherical PEG/SiO2 promising agents for Lamivudine antiviral drug delivery, a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Razzaghi Sahar , Vafaee Mohsen , Kharazian Bahar , Nasrollahpour Mokhtar
Published: February 2023

Spherical nanocarriers can lead to a bright future to lessen problems of virus infected people. Spherical polyethylene glycol (PEG) and spherical silica (SiO2) are novel attractive nanocarriers as drug delivery agents, especially they are recently noticed to be reliable for antiviral drugs like anti-HIV, anti-covid-19, etc. Lamivudine (3TC) is used as a first line drug for antiviral therapy and the atomic view of 3TC-PEG/SiO2 complexes enable scientist to help improve treatment of patients with viral diseases. This study investigates the interactions of 3TC with Spherical PEG/SiO2, using molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanism of adsorption, the stability of systems and the drug concentration effect are evaluated by analyzing the root mean square deviation, the solvent accessible surface area, the radius of gyration, the number of hydrogen bonds, the radial distribution function, and Van der Waals energy. Analyzed data show that the compression of 3TC is less on PEG and so the stability is higher than SiO2; the position and intensity of the RDF peaks approve this stronger binding of 3TC to PEG as well. Our studies show that PEG and also SiO2 are suitable for loading high drug concentrations and maintaining their stability; therefore, spherical PEG/SiO2 can reduce drug dosage efficiently.
Hybrid de novo genome assembly and comparative genomics of three different isolates of Gnomoniopsis castaneae
Authors: Turco Silvia , Mazzaglia Angelo , Drais Mounira Inas , Bastianelli Giorgia , Gonthier Paolo , Vannini Andrea , Morales-Rodríguez Carmen
Published: February 2023

The first genome assemblies of Gnomoniopsis castaneae (syn. G. smithogilvyi), the causal agent of chestnut brown rot of kernels, shoot blight and cankers, are provided here. Specifically, the complete genome of the Italian ex-type MUT401 isolate was compared to the draft genome of a second Italian isolate (GN01) and to the ICMP 14040 isolate from New Zealand. The three genome sequences were obtained through a hybrid assembly using both short Illumina reads and long Nanopore reads, their coding sequences were annotated and compared with each other and with other Diaporthales. The information offered by the genome assembly of the three isolates represents the base of data for further application related to -omics strategies of the fungus and to develop markers for population studies at a local and global scale.
Photobiomodulation therapy retarded axial length growth in children with myopia: evidence from a 12-month randomized controlled trial evidence
Authors: Zhou Lei , Tong Liyang , Li Ying , Williams Bruce T. , Qiu Kaikai
Published: February 2023

To determine whether photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can retard ocular axial length (AL) in children with myopia. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on two consecutive cohorts of 50 eligible children aged 8–12 years with ≤ − 0.75 Diopter (D) of spherical equivalent refraction (SER). Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 25) and treated with PBM therapy or the control group (n = 25) and treated with single vision spectacles only. At the 12-month follow-up, the changes in AL and cycloplegic SER from baseline were both compared between the two groups. In addition, the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal refractive power (CCP) were analysed at the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. Among the 50 children, 78% were included at the final follow-up, with a mean age of 9.7 ± 1.5 years and a mean SER of − 2.56 ± 1.70. The mean difference in AL growth between the two groups at 12 months was 0.50 mm (PBM vs. Control, − 0.02 mm ± 0.11 vs. 0.48 mm ± 0.16, P < 0.001), and the mean difference in cycloplegic SER at 12 months was + 1.25 D (PBM vs. Control, + 0.28 D ± 0.26 vs. − 0.97 D ± 0.25, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in any of the other parameters (including SFChT, ACD, and CCP) between the two groups at any time point. PBM therapy is an effective intervention for slightly decreasing the AL to control myopia in children.

Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2100043619. Registered on 23/02/2021; prospectively registered. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=121302.
Initial results of the meteorological data from the first 325 sols of the Tianwen-1 mission
Authors: Jiang Chunsheng , Jiang Yu , Li Hengnian , Du Sen
Published: February 2023

As the Zhurong rover landed on the surface of Mars in 2021, it began a months-long collection of Mars data. Equipped with highly sensitive sensors, Zhurong is capable of being a meteorological station at the surface of Mars. The Mars Climate Station, one of the onboard sensors with high sensitivity, helps the Tianwen-1 lander to collect meteorological data at the Martian surface, via which the air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction are measured. In this paper, we present results of surface pressure, air temperature and wind data from the Mars Climate Station at Zhurong’s landing site. The data is collected in 176 solar days out of the entire rover’s mission time, 325 solar days. We use a trigonometric function to fit the relationship between the solar longitude (Ls) and the pressure, after which we compare the results with those of Viking I. Our analysis of the temperature shows that seasonal evolution is similar to the patterns concluded in previous Mars missions at different landing sites. We discover that wind speed appears the maximum in early summer near Zhurong’s landing site, and analyze the occurrence of dust storms by combining the data of wind and temperature. Our results provide some evidence of the seasonal changes in meteorological pattern at Tianwen-1’s landing site, south of Utopia Planitia. With the mission ongoing further, more results are expected in the future.
Fabrication of a Sm2O3/In2S3 photocatalyst for boosting ciprofloxacin oxidation and the Cr(vi) reduction: process parameters and degradation mechanism
Authors: Murugalakshmi M. , Govindan Kadarkarai , Umadevi Muthu , Breslin Carmel B. , Muthuraj Velluchamy
Published: February 2023

The plausible photocatalytic mechanism drives the Sm2O3/In2S3 nanocomposite photocatalytic process.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol from olive pomace treated by gamma radiation: process optimization and bioactivity assessment
Authors: Madureira Joana , Albuquerque Bianca , Dias Maria Inês , Pinela José , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Santos-Buelga Celestino , Margaça Fernanda M. A. , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R. , Cabo Verde Sandra , Barros Lillian
Published: February 2023

Optimization of the extraction conditions provides olive pomace extracts with improved bioactivities.
Advanced metal oxide-based nanocatalysts for the oxidative synthesis of fine chemicals
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Bandichhor Rakeshwar , Mishra Vishwesh , Sharma Shivani , Yadav Sneha , Mehta Shilpa , Arora Bhavya , Rana Pooja , Dutta Sriparna , Solanki Kanika
Published: February 2023

The present review article sheds light on the fabrication of heterogeneous metal oxide-supported nanostructure-based catalysts for boosting industrially significant oxidation processes.
OWL2: a molecular beacon-based nanostructure for highly selective detection of single-nucleotide variations in folded nucleic acids
Authors: Mueller Brittany L. , Liberman Mark J. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M.
Published: February 2023

OWL2 sensor uses T2 and T4 arms for unwinding folded analytes, short P-strand for specific recognition of single base variations and an analyte-independent universal molecular beacon (UMB) probe for cost efficient analysis of any ssDNA or RNA.
Selective recognition of the amyloid marker single thioflavin T using DNA origami-based gold nanobipyramid nanoantennas
Authors: Kaur Charanleen , Kaur Vishaldeep , Rai Shikha , Sharma Mridu , Sen Tapasi
Published: February 2023

Design of G-Quadruplex based plasmonic sensor has been demonstrated for the specific SERS based detection of single Thioflavin T molecule using DNA origami-assembled Au nanobipyramid nanoantenna.
Electrosynthesis of Au nanocluster embedded conductive polymer films at soft interfaces using dithiafulvenyl-functionalized pyrene
Authors: Moshrefi Reza , Ryan Katelyn , Connors Evan P. , Walsh Joshua C. , Merschrod Erika , Bodwell Graham J. , Stockmann Talia Jane
Published: February 2023

Ultra-thin Au nanoparticle (NP) embedded conductive polymer films have been electrosynthesized at a micro-ITIES.
Ionic Fe(iii)-porphyrin frameworks for the one-pot synthesis of cyclic carbonates from olefins and CO2
Authors: Das Rajesh , Kamra Sahil , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: February 2023

This study presents a novel use of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from olefins under halogen-free conditions. This green strategy offers the twin advantages of environment friendliness and value-added chemical production.
Recent advances in carbon-resistant anodes for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wei Jialu , Yin Fusheng , Sun Chunwen
Published: February 2023

This review discusses the coking process in SOFCs, carbon detection methods, and strategies to inhibit coking of the anode with a primary focus on alternative anode materials. We also present future research directions in hydrocarbon-fueled SOFCs.
In vitro hemocompatibility studies on small-caliber stents for cardiovascular applications
Authors: Marimuthu Arumugam , Logesh Mahendran , El Mabrouk Khalil , Ballamurugan Anbalagan M.
Published: February 2023

The doping of biologically meaningful ions into biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramics, which exhibit biocompatibility with human body parts, has led to their effective use in biomedical applications in recent years.
Mechanisms of chemical-reaction-induced tensile deformation of an Fe/Ni/Cr alloy revealed by reactive atomistic simulations
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhao Haoyu , Liu Chang , Ootani Yusuke , Ozawa Nobuki , Kubo Momoji
Published: February 2023

Chemical-reaction-induced deformation mechanism change from FCC-to-HCP to FCC-to-BCC phase transition of high entropy alloy.
One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of metal-doped carbon dot nanozymes using protein cages as precursors
Authors: Shen Yanfang , Zhang Ruofei , Wang Ying
Published: February 2023

A facile method for the synthesis of metal-doped carbon dot (CD) nanozymes using ferritin nanocages as precursors is presented.
A high-performance, oxidation resistance and flexible Zn@MXene/cellulose nanofibers electromagnetic shielding film
Authors: Da Yunsheng , Qu Qiqi , Kong Ling , Liu Qiang , Zhu Menghan , Du Yiming , Tian Xingyou , Liu Yanyan , Wang Hua
Published: February 2023

This work focuses on studying the excellent oxidation resistance performance and flexibility of electromagnetic shielding materials, greatly promoting the practical application in marine engineering, wearable field and electronic packaging field.
Removing unreacted amino groups in graphitic carbon nitride through residual heating to improve the photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhang Wen-Jun , Wang Feng-Jue , Liu Han , Wang Yue , Chen Meng
Published: February 2023

Calcination through residual heating could rapidly prepare g-C3N4 with fewer unreacted amino groups and higher crystallinity, which had a better photocatalytic performance than pristine g-C3N4.
Bobbing chemical garden tubes: oscillatory self-motion from buoyancy and catalytic gas production
Authors: Wang Qingpu , Steinbock Oliver
Published: February 2023

Self-assembled hollow silica-CuO tubes show oscillatory bobbing motion in H2O2 solutions. The ascent and descent characteristics are analyzed experimentally and reproduced by theory.
Facilitated electron transfer by Mn dopants in 1-dimensional CdS nanorods for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: MacSwain Walker , Lin Hanjie , Li Zhi-Jun , Li Shuya , Chu Chun , Dube Lacie , Chen Ou , Leem Gyu , Zheng Weiwei
Published: February 2023

The long lifetime of Mn2+ dopants (∼ms) facilitates charge separation and electron transfer in Mn2+ doped 1D CdS nanorods (NRs) with Pt tips (i.e., Mn:CdS-Pt NRs), which significantly enhances photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation.
Ni2P immobilized on N,P-codoped porous carbon sheets for alkali metal ion batteries and storage mechanism
Authors: Zhang Mingzhe , Liang Yazhan , Liu Fan , An Xuguang , Feng Jinkui , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin
Published: February 2023

An integrated composite architecture composed of N/P codoped porous carbon sheets and embedded Ni2P NPs (Ni2P⊂N/P-CNS) was synthesized by a self-template strategy and demonstrated superior electrochemical performance as alkali ion battery anode.
Adjusting the band gap of CsPbBr3−yXy (X = Cl, I) for optimal interfacial charge transfer and enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Knezevic Marija , Quach Vien-Duong , Lampre Isabelle , Erard Marie , Pernot Pascal , Berardan David , Colbeau-Justin Christophe , Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal
Published: February 2023

Adjusting the band gap energy of metal halide perovskite by anion exchange (CsPbBr3−yXy: X = Cl, Br, I) leads to optimal interfacial electron transfer from CsPbBr3−yXy to TiO2, and thus to improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation.
Strategies for the mitigation of salt precipitation in zero-gap CO2 electrolyzers producing CO
Authors: Disch Joey , Bohn Luca , Metzler Lukas , Vierrath Severin
Published: February 2023

The formation of salt precipitates in the gas-fed cathode is a major hurdle for durable cell operation of low-temperature CO2 electrolyzers. In this article, the authors summarize and compare different strategies to mitigate salt precipitation.
Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial behavior of curcumin-conjugated gold nanoparticles
Authors: Pandey Maneesha , Singh Ashish Kumar , Pandey P. C.
Published: February 2023

This study demonstrated a simple route to conjugate curcumin with AuNPs, which are highly stable in an aqueous medium at room temperature. The conjugated Cur–AuNPs showed selective synergistic toxicity on bacteria cells over mammalian cells.
Surface modification of TiO2nanoparticles with organic molecules and their biological applications
Authors: Hajareh Haghighi Farid , Mercurio Martina , Cerra Sara , Salamone Tommaso Alberto , Bianymotlagh Roya , Palocci Cleofe , Romano Spica Vincenzo , Fratoddi Ilaria
Published: February 2023

In recent years, titanium(iv) dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have shown promising potential in various biological applications such as antimicrobials, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, biosensors, and tissue engineering.
Silk-based organic photoresists for extreme ultraviolet lithography: a multiscale in silico study
Authors: Yoon Taeyoung , Park Wooboum , Kim Yoonjung , Choi Hyunsung , Chung Soonchun , Park Joonsong , Chang Hyun Joon , Na Sungsoo
Published: February 2023

The development of photoresists (PRs) for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has become increasingly popular in the field of semiconductor nanopatterning.
Influence of host materials on degradation of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes under electrical stress
Authors: Luo Jianhui , Wu Yibing , Lin Chengwei , Xiao Shu , Qiao Xianfeng , Yang Dezhi , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge
Published: February 2023

The luminance degradation ratio and the corresponding relative change of the exciton lifetimes for different hosts in the resulting yellow PhOLEDs.
Nitrofluorene-based A–D–A electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Che Yuxuan , Niazi Muhammad Rizwan , Yu Ting , Maris Thierry , Liu Cheng-Hao , Ma Dongling , Izquierdo Ricardo , Perepichka Igor F. , Perepichka Dmytro F.
Published: February 2023

We explored nitrofluorene derivatives as tunable electron-withdrawing groups for acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) type non-fullerene acceptors.
Colloidal III–V quantum dots: a synthetic perspective
Authors: Gazis Theodore A. , Cartlidge Ashleigh J. , Matthews Peter D.
Published: February 2023

III–V QDs are high performing materials, however, their exacting synthesis is a major hurdle hampering widespread adoption. We have compiled the disparate routes to III–V QDs and concisely present them, along with our perspectives for the field.
Catalytic conversion to ammonia through solid-state nitrate as a proposal for the emerging usage of nitrogen oxides
Authors: Tomita Atsuko , Wakabayashi Ryutaro , Kimura Tatsuo
Published: February 2023

A gas-switching catalytic reaction process for low-energy nitrogen resource circulation by selective NH3 synthesis starting from NOx storage.
Learning from human metabolism for nanomedicine: a convertible bismuth-agent for tumour-selective theranostics
Authors: Cao Qiannan , Yang Cuihong , Yao Yuan , Li Bin , Liu Jinjian , Cao Zhipeng , Liu Jianfeng , Xiao Meng
Published: February 2023

A new way of thinking on remodelling the design guidelines of anticancer drugs is demonstrated via learning from the metabolism of exogenous selenite in human body, and achieving multidimensional imaging-guided therapy with strong tumour-selectivity.
Asymmetric synthesis of spirocyclic isobenzofuranones via a squaramide-catalysed sulfa-Michael desymmetrisation reaction
Authors: Tamanna  , Sharma Deepak , Chauhan Pankaj
Published: February 2023

Herein, we describe the enantioselective synthesis of spirocyclohexenone isobenzofuranones through a sulfa-Michael addition/desymmetrization reaction catalyzed by a squaramide organocatalyst.
B(C6F5)3-catalyzed Wolff rearrangement/[2 + 2] and [4 + 2] cascade cyclization of α-diazoketones with imines
Authors: Song Weihong , Guo Jing , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: February 2023

B(C6F5)3-catalyzed [2 + 2] cyclizations of α-diazoketones withN-tert-butoxycarbonyl imines affords 20 β-lactams in up to 94% yield, while reactions of α-diazoketones withN-benzoyl imines gave 14 oxazinone derivatives in up to 95% yield.
Gold(i)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of alcohol or amine tethered-vinylidenecyclopropanes providing access to morpholine, piperazine or oxazepane derivatives: a carbene versus non-carbene process
Authors: Wei Jun-Sheng , Yang Song , Wei Yin , Shamsaddinimotlagh Sima , Tavakol Hossein , Shi Min
Published: February 2023

A gold(i)-catalyzed adjustable intramolecular cyclization of alcohol or amine tethered-vinylidenecyclopropanes (VDCPs).
Ligand-enabled silver-catalyzed carbene insertion into the N–H bond of aliphatic and electron-rich aromatic amines
Authors: Li Linxuan , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Han Xinyue , Karmakar Swastik , Bi Xihe
Published: February 2023

The stable effect of tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane ligand on the silver metal center was used respectively, to realize the efficient N–H bond insertion reaction of carbene to aliphatic amines and aromatic amines.
Water–SDS–[BMIm]Br composite system for one-pot multicomponent synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives and their structural assessment by NMR, X-ray, and DFT studies
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Paul Bhaswati , De Utpal Chandra , Natarajan Ramalingam , Majumdar Swapan
Published: February 2023

Here, we report a simple, efficient, and green protocol for the one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivativesviaa sequential three-component strategy using aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and pyrazolinone in a water–SDS–IL system.
Efficient photo-Fenton catalysis using magnetic iron nanoparticles decorated boron nitride quantum dots: theoretical and experimental investigations
Authors: Idrees Shinwar A. , Jamil Lazgin A. , Omer Khalid M.
Published: February 2023

Highly effecient photo-Fenton catalysts of iron decorated boron nitride quantum dots were prepared.
Recovery of FLiBe from ThF4–FLiBe salt using precipitation–distillation coupled method
Authors: Luo Yan , Dai Jianxing , Dou Qiang , Fu Haiying , Li Qingnuan
Published: February 2023

With the addition of BeO in ThF4–FLiBe, ThF4 was converted to nonvolatile ThO2. Carrier salt, FLiBe, could be recovered from ThF4–FLiBe salt using precipitation–distillation coupled method.
Compressional stress stiffening & softening of soft hydrogels – how to avoid artefacts in their rheological characterisation
Authors: Ferraro Rosalia , Guido Stefano , Caserta Sergio , Tassieri Manlio
Published: February 2023

We describe a simple yet effective protocol to avoid misleading conclusions in rheological tests of biomimetic hydrogels and soft materials showing either softening or stiffening under a compressional stress perpendicular to the shear deformation.
Solvent-free synthesis of chalcones using Mg(HSO4)2
Authors: Saraci Ervis , Andreoli Massimiliano , Casali Emanuele , Verzini Massimo , Argese Maria , Fanelli Roberto , Zanoni Giuseppe
Published: February 2023

New solvent-free synthesis of relevant chalcones is reported using a simple “endless-screw” reactor, using Mg(HSO4)2as a catalyst. This shows great promise for industrial use, including to make bioactive drugs like metochalcone and elafibranor.
Upcycling of spent functional biocarbon adsorbents to catalysts for the conversion of C5/C6 carbohydrates into platform chemicals
Authors: Guo Haixin , Inoue Yuto , Isoda Yukiya , Honma Tetsuo , Smith Richard Lee
Published: February 2023

Effective amino-functional carbon adsorbents for heavy metals are upcycled to catalysts for converting C5/C6 carbohydrates into food additives and biochemicals.
Hybrid polymer–liquid lithium ion electrolytes: effect of porosity on the ionic and molecular mobility
Authors: Cattaruzza Martina , Fang Yuan , Furó István , Lindbergh Göran , Liu Fang , Johansson Mats
Published: February 2023

NMR-techniques coupled with morphological and electrochemical analysis revealed the chemical and physical interactions within polymer-based hybrid electrolytes.
Protein engineering and plants: the evolution of sustainable agriculture
Authors: Wright R. Clay , Neres Deisiany Ferreira , Chaisupa Patarasuda , Bryant John A.
Published: February 2023

Humanity is faced with an enormous challenge in the coming decades. The world’s population is rapidly growing and we need to produce enough food, fuel, medicine and goods to support this growth in an environmentally sustainable and restorative way. Plants will inevitably provide many solutions to the problems we face, but we need to build environmentally sustainable, carbon-negative industries as soon as possible. Applying protein engineering to accelerate the development of improved crop varieties that can produce more while using less is a promising approach. Here we provide an introduction to the approaches, tools and philosophy of protein engineering, as well as several examples of problems in plant breeding and engineering that protein engineers are currently working to solve.
A multi‐port interconnected magneto‐electric dipole antenna array for 5G applications
Authors: Chen Zihao , Zhang Wenxu , Wang Kai‐xu
Published: February 2023

This letter reports a 28‐GHz multi‐port magneto‐electric (ME) dipole array for 5G applications. The proposed antenna array enlarges the system polarization diversity with the capability of being utilized as a balanced antenna, a dual‐polarized antenna and a circularly polarized antenna. Co‐planar waveguide (CPW) lines are used to connect ME dipole radiators to achieve a high gain with a simple feeding structure. The proposed antenna array exhibits a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 12.8% and a maximal peak realized gain of 13.52 dBi as a balanced antenna, and exhibits a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 28.57%, a 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 16% and a maximal peak realized gain of 12.15 dBi as a circularly polarized antenna.
Novel digital technologies to assess smoke taint in berries and wines due to bushfires
Authors: Fuentes Sigfredo , Summerson Vasiliki , Viejo Claudia Gonzalez
Published: February 2023

Due to climate change, the higher incidence and severity of bushfires is a significant challenge for wine producers worldwide as an increase in smoke contamination negatively affects the physicochemical components that contribute to the lower quality of fresh produce and final products (smoke taint in wines). This reduces prices and consumer acceptability, impacting the producers and manufacturers. Current methods available to winemakers for assessing contamination in berries and wine consist of costly laboratory analyses that require skilled personnel and are time-consuming, cost prohibitive, and destructive. Therefore, novel, rapid, cost-effective, and reliable methods using digital technologies such as the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, electronic nose (e-nose), and machine learning (ML) have been developed by our research group. Several ML models have been developed for smoke taint detection and quantification in berries and wine from different varieties using NIR absorbance values or e-nose raw data as inputs to predict glycoconjugates, volatile phenols, volatile aromatic compounds, smoke-taint amelioration techniques efficacy, and sensory descriptors, all models with >97% accuracy. These methods and models may be integrated and automated as digital twins to assess smoke contamination in berries and smoke taint in wine from the vineyard for early decision-making.
Estado hídrico y actividad fisiológica del cv. Cabernet Sauvignon en relación con la frecuencia de rehidratación mediante riego por goteo, en el valle del río Duero
Authors: Yuste Jesús , Vicente Alejandro , Martínez-Porro Daniel
Published: February 2023

La aplicación de riego en el viñedo se hace necesaria a lo largo del verano en muchas zonas de España, en la medida en que la reserva hídrica en el suelo se va agotando. El nivel de estrés hídrico soportado por la vid es un factor determinante de su respuesta fisiológica y, por tanto, productiva y cualitativa. A lo largo del periodo 2015-2017, en Valladolid, se estudió la aplicación de 4 regímenes hídricos, en cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, desde el envero a la madurez, basados en la rehidratación, de 12 horas de riego, según el potencial hídrico de tallo: no riego o secano (R0), cuando Ψx ≈ 1,7-1,8 MPa (R1), cuando Ψx ≈ 1,4-1,5 MPa (R2), cuando Ψx ≈ 1,0-1,2 MPa (R3). La hidratación inicial, efectuada en el envero excepto en R0, supuso una mejora inmediata del estado hídrico, que generó diferencias significativas de potencial frente al secano durante 3 ó 4 semanas. Los riegos de rehidratación posteriores, de R3 y R2, provocaron diferencias significativas entre ellos durante los intervalos entre riegos alternos, mientras que R1, que no se rehidrató, se aproximó gradualmente a R0. Las tasas de fotosíntesis, conductancia estomática y transpiración, medidas al cabo de un mes de la hidratación inicial, mostraron en general diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tratamientos de forma progresiva según el número de riegos recibidos, en orden decreciente: R3, R2, R1, R0. No obstante, las diferencias entre tratamientos a veces no resultaron estadísticamente significativas entre R3 y R2, ni entre R1 y R0, dependiendo del año de estudio.
High-resolution geomatics tools: Sustainably managing commercial vineyards to address the UN SDGs
Authors: Graça Antonio , Porto João Vasconcelos , Rioux Dominique , Oliveira Nuno , Bateira Carlos
Published: February 2023

The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet. Consisting of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it calls for action in a global partnership. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been proposed as an advanced tool for managing variability in commercial vineyards, gaining a high-resolution spatial perspective on crop performance distribution and its underpinning reasons. Recent evolution of open- source GIS software democratized access and provided an easy and affordable way for vineyard managers to combine a «big picture» with zooming in at each individual plant, in representing diverse datasets and performing complex calculations in geographic representation. Newly available sets of climate, soil, water, ecosystem and biodiversity data are contributing to the capacity to integrate conservation management in commercial vineyards, making geomatic technology an essential tool to measure and manage sustainable development indicators. In our study, we demonstrate the use of geomatic technologies in the management of a commercial vineyard by combining traditional management blocks with segmentation of geophysical and ecosystem characteristics and using those tools to design efficient drainage and measure non-crop areas for nature conservation. We propose those technologies to assess contributions for SDGs 12, 13, and 15.
Reciclaje y desalinización parcial de aguas residuales ricas en nutrientes para el riego de viñedos
Authors: Etchebarne Flor , Ojeda Hernán , Escudier Jean-Louis
Published: February 2023

En las regiones mediterráneas francesas y europeas, el riego por goteo ha sido una de las primeras adaptaciones realizadas por los viticultores frente a las consecuencias del cambio climático (situaciones de sequía cada vez más frecuentes). El agua tiene un valor indiscutible y, en este contexto, numerosas ayudas públicas han financiado varias iniciativas para estudiar la pertinencia técnica, medioambiental y económica de esta solución. La reutilización de aguas residuales depuradas, como fuente alternativa de agua y fertilizante, permite tanto el acceso a una fuente de calidad controlada como a la reducción de conflictos de uso, aplicando el principio de economía circular. Los nutrientes presentes en las aguas residuales municipales depuradas (N, P, K principalmente) constituyen una ventaja particular frente a las fuentes de agua de riego convencionales, por lo que, ocasionalmente, no se requerirían fertilizantes suplementarios. Sin embargo, para el riego con aguas residuales depuradas se tienen en cuenta requisitos medioambientales y sanitarios adicionales. En los casos en los que el contenido en sales disueltas del agua tratada no permite su uso directo, se requerirá de un tratamiento de desalinización parcial por membranas justo antes del tratamiento de desinfección. Este puede ser por electrodiálisis reversible (EDR), nanofiltración (NF) u ósmosis inversa (OI). La etapa de desinfección es necesaria, sea cual sea el proceso de desalinización, para eliminar o inactivar los microorganismos patógenos aún presentes en el agua tratada y garantizar su calidad hasta el punto de utilización. De esta manera, se prevén los riesgos relacionados con el desarrollo de biofilms en la red de distribución y en los sistemas de microrriego. El riego de viñedos con aguas residuales depuradas se practica desde hace décadas en importantes países productores de vino como Australia, Estados Unidos o España. En Francia, su uso es muy reciente, pero la demanda está creciendo gracias, en parte, a los resultados alentadores de proyectos pioneros. La viabilidad técnica y los temas relacionadas con las cuestiones económicas, la aceptabilidad social y las repercusiones medioambientales se presentan a partir de ejemplos de proyectos realizados o que están en fase de creación en el sur de Francia (Región Occitanie).
Mitigation and adaptation strategies for a carbon neutral grape and wine sector
Authors: Smart Richard , Battaglene Tony , Muhlack Richard
Published: February 2023

The Australian grape and wine sector has committed to reducing its carbon footprint by an active mitigation policy, concentrating in the shorter-term future on reducing Scope 1 and 2 emissions. Life cycle analyses for the sector indicate that carbon emission from grape growing and winemaking are small at 17% and 19% respectively; the major contribution of 68% is to do with packaging and transport (Scope 3), primarily involving use of glass bottles. Diesel use in vineyards is 41% of emissions and may be replaced with difficulty by vehicle electrification and/or hydrogen power. Replacement of winery grid-electricity use will account for 81% of emissions, with conversion to solar currently favoured. Opportunities exist to convert vineyard and winery biomass waste streams using pyrolysis to energy and biochar, the latter a form of sequestered carbon. The remaining large carbon emission relates to traditional use of glass packaging, with inherent weight and volume inefficiency increasing transport costs. Alternate packaging with lower carbon footprint and enhanced recyclability offers promise. The retail sector has opportunities to engage in “replace, recycle, or re-use” practices to reduce this footprint. The wine sector shares an ethical responsibility to mitigate climate change, not least because of impacts on grape and wine production.
Biotechnological strategies to reduce the doses of sulfur dioxide in white winemaking and avoid problems of browning
Authors: Giménez Pol , Just-Borras Arnau , Solé-Clua Ignasi , Gombau Jordi , Heras José M. , Sieczkowski Nathalie , Canals Joan Miquel , Zamora Fernando
Published: February 2023

This communication studies some possible strategies to reduce or even to replace sulfur dioxide in winemaking. Specifically, the aim of this work was to study the protective effect against oxidation of a commercial inactivated dry yeast (IDY) with very high level of glutathione, and of a selected non-Saccharomyces yeast, Metschnikowia pulcherrima strain in comparison with sulfur dioxide.
Application of ultrasounds to improve oak aging of white wines
Authors: Focea Elena-Cornelia , Luchian Camelia Elena , Colibaba Lucia Cintia , Scuturașu Elena Cristina , Popîrdă Andreea , Focea Mihai-Cristian , Niculaua Marius , Cotea Valeriu V.
Published: February 2023

Increasing the efficiency of the release for certain compounds during the maturation of some wines in the presence of oak chips is an important topic for oenology research. This study followed the influence of the use of ultrasound waves with a frequency of 35 kHz on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of some white wines from Iasi, Romania. Oak chips (1 g/L and 2 g/L, fresh, light, and medium toasted) were added to the Fetească regală and Sauvignon blanc stabilized wines. The samples were kept at a constant temperature of 15oC for 10 and 15 days, respectively. For comparison, 15 mins. ultrasound-treated samples were used. It has been observed that this technique in addition to reducing the aging time, significantly influences the organoleptic characteristics of the treated wines. New ways to continue research to clarify, optimize and streamline the methods of artificial aging of wines have also been identified.
La regulación de las indicaciones de origen de los vinos gallegos
Authors: Veiga Manuel Cabanas
Published: February 2023

Los vinos gallegos se caracterizan por su gran diversidad y variedad de aromas y sabores, así como por seguir un proceso de elaboración lo más fidedigno posible a la tradición. Esto ha provocado el nacimiento de diferentes DO y IG en una región tan pequeña como es Galicia, lo que requiere de unas normativas claras que regulen los vinos que gocen de unas determinadas propiedades y característica. Por ello, en este trabajo se lleva a cabo una exposición exhaustiva centrada en la elaboración de los diferentes vinos gallegos con DO e IG, con la finalidad de poner de manifiesto que la procedencia del vino no es tan importante como la tradición en el cultivo de la vid y en la elaboración y conservación del vino gallego, para determinar las certificaciones de calidad descritas.
Winemaking by-products as a sustainable source of antioxidant and functional compounds
Authors: Di Lorenzo Chiara , Colombo Francesca , Bani Corinne , Mercogliano Francesca , Biella Simone , Bosso Antonella , Restani Patrizia
Published: February 2023

In the last years, the international guidelines encourage the reduction of food waste or processing by-products to promote a circular economy approach. Winemaking represents one of the sectors with the highest by-products generation, with several potential negative impact on the environment. Winemaking by-products are mainly used to produce distillates or fertilizers, but the interest in grape pomaceas a potential source of phenolic compounds has considerably increased. The aim of this study was the application ofin vitromethods for the characterization of the phenolic fraction of winemaking by-products from different red grape varieties, and, in parallel, the evaluation of their antioxidant activity. The methods were: 1) Folin-Cocalteau's assay for the quantification of total polyphenol content; 2) the vanillin assay for the assessment of total flavan-3-ols (proanthocyanidins) content; 3) the pH differential method for the quantification of total anthocyanin content; 4) DPPH assay for the measurement of total antioxidant activity; 5) High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography for separation of phenolic substances and assessment of their antioxidant activity. Although a significant differences among varieties, grape pomace, particularly when containing seeds, are generally a good source of polyphenols with a significant antioxidant activity supporting itsuse in formulating healthy products.
The Health effects of wine: The case of longevity in Sardinia
Authors: Benedetto Graziella , Carboni Donatella
Published: February 2023

This work explores the relationship between nutrition and health: specifically, it focuses attention on the aspect of longevity. From this point of view, the analysis is deepened through a Case Study Analysis that takes the case of Sardinia (Italy) as a reference. The Island is a privileged observation point since, as amply demonstrated in the literature it is one of the five rural areas geographically identified and referred to as Blu Zone, in which there is a lifestyle and a common environment that “explain” the longevity of the populations that inhabit them. The reasons certainly include nutrition: specifically, we refer to the Mediterranean Diet which, as brought into vogue by Keys, represents a fundamental dietary model for ensuring a correct state of health. UNESCO in 2010 included it among the intangible assets of humanity, as a culture that has its roots in the peasant economy and has a unique dimension in the world. Our goal is to highlight the correspondence between the Blu Zone of Sardinia and the concentration of the production and consumption of wine both Cannonau (red wine), as evidenced mainly by the scientific literature, and Vermentino (white wine) which represents the emblem of the viticultural economy of Sardinia. It is considered of particular importance in this historical moment, to focus attention on the health aspects of wine that can help promote a conscious consumption and to an extent corresponding to adequate dietary models and also favor the enotourist development of areas in which the correlation “wine and health”is clear.
On the estimation of nuclide inventory and decay heat: a review from the EURAD European project
Authors: Rochman Dimitri Alexandre , Álvarez-Velarde Francisco , Dagan Ron , Fiorito Luca , Häkkinen Silja , Kromar Marjan , Muñoz Ana , Panizo-Prieto Sonia , Romojaro Pablo , Schillebeeckx Peter , Seidl Marcus , Shama Ahmed , Žerovnik Gasper
Published: February 2023

In this work, a study dedicated to the characterization of the neutronics aspect of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF), as part of the European project EURAD (Work Package 8), is presented. Both measured nuclide concentrations from Post Irradiation Examination samples and decay heat from calorimetric measurements are compared to simulations performed by different partners of the project. Based on these detailed studies and data from the published literature, recommendations are proposed with respect to best practices for SNF modelling, as well as biases and uncertainties for a number of important nuclides and the SNF decay heat for a cooling period from 1 to 1000 years. Finally, specific needs are presented for the improvement of current code prediction capabilities.