bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sang subculture in post-reform China
Authors: Tan K Cohen , Cheng Shuxin
Published: February 2020

This article examines Sang (丧) subculture within the context of positive energy (正能量) in post-reform China, and how as an emergent subculture it is characterised by feelings of defeatism and loss. Chinese youths share Sang memes via social media as a form of affective identification to communicate their sense of disenchantment with the ‘main melody’ of official discourse in post-reform China, and in this sense it is similar to other Internet cultures such as e’gao and diaosi. However, unlike subcultures in the West, Sang subculture does not constitute a form of political resistance, but expresses instead an inchoate feeling of loss among Chinese youths. This article asks two research questions: how does Sang subculture parody normative subject positions of youth constructed by official state discourse, and what does it reveal about the subjectivity of its participants? This article employs Raymond Williams’ concept of ‘structures of feeling’ within a semiotic framework to analyse three sets of Sang memes to understand the processes of subjectivity formation and the affective significance to its participants. Through semiotic analysis of Sang memes and semi-structured interviews with 20 participants aged between 18 and 26, we find that Sang subculture is a current of thought-feeling due to a perceived incapacity by Chinese youths to live up to the ideological re-positioning within official consciousness.
An In Vitro Biomechanical Evaluation of a Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Device With Integrated Lateral Modular Plate Fixation
Authors: DenHaese Ryan , Gandhi Anup , Ferry Chris , Farmer Sam , Porter Randall
Published: February 2020

Study Design:

In vitro cadaveric biomechanical study.

Objective:

Biomechanically characterize a novel lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) implant possessing integrated lateral modular plate fixation (MPF).

Methods:

A human lumbar cadaveric (n = 7, L1-L4) biomechanical study of segmental range-of-motion stiffness was performed. A ±7.5 Nċm moment was applied in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation using a 6 degree-of-freedom kinematics system. Specimens were tested first in an intact state and then following iterative instrumentation (L2/3): (1) LLIF cage only, (2) LLIF + 2-screw MPF, (3) LLIF + 4-screw MPF, (4) LLIF + 4-screw MPF + interspinous process fixation, and (5) LLIF + bilateral pedicle screw fixation. Comparative analysis of range-of-motion outcomes was performed between iterations.

Results:

Key biomechanical findings: (1) Flexion/extension range-of-motion reduction with LLIF + 4-screw MPF was significantly greater than LLIF + 2-screw MPF ( P < .01). (2) LLIF with 2-screw and 4-screw MPF were comparable to LLIF with bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lateral bending and axial rotation range-of-motion reduction ( P = 1.0). (3) LLIF + 4-screw MPF and supplemental interspinous process fixation range-of-motion reduction was comparable to LLIF + bilateral pedicle screw fixation in all directions ( P ≥ .6).

Conclusions:

LLIF with 4-screw MPF may provide inherent advantages over traditional 2-screw plating modalities. Furthermore, when coupled with interspinous process fixation, LLIF with MPF is a stable circumferential construct that provides biomechanical utility in all principal motions.
Does the Application of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Enhance Graft Healing and Maturation? A Comparative MRI Study of 44 Cases
Authors: Beyzadeoglu Tahsin , Pehlivanoglu Tuna , Yildirim Kerem , Buldu Halil , Tandogan Reha , Tuzun Umit
Published: February 2020

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction performed with growth factors and activated platelets has been suggested to accelerate tendon ligamentization, leading to earlier return to daily activities and sports.

Hypotheses:

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) will result in improved graft maturation and healing as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients undergoing hamstring ACL reconstruction. Hemostatic and analgesic properties of PRF will lead to less postoperative blood loss and pain.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 44 patients with isolated ACL injuries who underwent arthroscopic all-inside anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with semitendinosus tendon graft were enrolled. Group 1 included 23 patients who had PRF sprayed to the surface of the graft; group 2 included 21 patients for whom no PRF was used. Patients were discharged after 24 hours and examined for hemarthrosis that needed to be aspirated. MRI was performed at the fifth postoperative month. A blinded radiologist evaluated graft maturation according to its signal intensity and the presence of synovial fluid at the tunnel-graft interface.

Results:

PRF-treated grafts demonstrated lower MRI signal intensity and less fluid in the graft-tunnel interface as compared with controls for the entire length of the graft. The mean full-length MRI signal intensities were 9.19 versus 16.59 ( P = .047) for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Subgroup analysis of the semitendinosus grafts demonstrated a signal intensity of 11.57 versus 23.98 ( P = .044) for the proximal third, 9.53 versus 13.83 ( P = .237) for the midbody, and 6.48 versus 11.98 ( P = .087) for the distal third. Synovial fluid at the graft-tunnel interface was detected in 1 patient in group 1 (4.3%) and 3 patients in group 2 (14.3%; P < .001). Patients in group 1 had significantly less hemarthrosis that needed to be aspirated ( P = .003), while postoperative analgesia requirements were similar in both groups ( P = .08). No clinical benefit of PRF could be demonstrated in clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:

Application of PRF led to superior graft integration and maturation in the proximal third of the ACL graft. There was no significant difference in MRI signal intensity in the midbody or distal tibial graft. Application of PRF also resulted in significantly lower rates of postoperative hemarthrosis that needed to be aspirated.
Tensions in Maternal Care for Children, Youth, and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Nicholas David B. , MacCulloch Radha , Roberts Wendy , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , McKeever Patricia
Published: February 2020

This study explored the experiences of mothers caring for an individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ranging from 5 to 25 years of age, and examined pervasive tensions in caregiving. Guided by ethnographic methods, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Interviews with 85 mothers were analyzed inductively. Prevalent tensions in maternal caregiving were identified: (a) difficulties obtaining, yet resistance to, an ASD diagnosis; (b) identified giftedness of the child versus notions of deficit imposed by others; (c) disability-related behaviors erroneously interpreted as ‘poor parenting’; (d) contradictory considerations in diagnosis disclosure; (e) the invisibility yet pervasiveness of ASD; (f) extensive need for, yet the lack of, accessible services; (g) ASD-related care demands versus other pressing responsibilities; (h) arguments for inclusive versus exclusive services; and (i) aims of nurturing independence versus managing safety risk. Tensions were heightened by insufficient supports relative to need. Implications and recommendations for practice and policy are offered.
Literacy and Health Status of Scheduled Castes in India
Authors: Raghavendra R. H.
Published: February 2020

There is much discussion on the issue of reservation and its impact on the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. It is essential to know how far the socially marginalized group of Scheduled Castes lag behind the other sections of the Indian population with respect to human development. The present article has made an attempt to assess the different human development factors like literacy and health status of the Scheduled Caste population in India. For this purpose, secondary data have been collected. The population- and literacy-related information has been obtained from the Census 2011 Report and health-related information has been collected from the National Family Health Survey-2015–2016 (NFHS -2015–2016). This study depicts the SCs population’s literacy status, sex ratio, child sex ratio and other health-related aspects. Also, the study compares the Scheduled Caste population status with that of other population categories.
Earthquake ground motion and human behavior: Using DYFI data to assess behavioral response to earthquakes
Authors: Goltz James D , Park Hyejeong , Nakano Genta , Yamori Katsuya
Published: February 2020

Human behavioral response to ground motion produced by earthquakes has been the subject of response readiness campaigns like the Great ShakeOut, conventional wisdom regarding how people respond as portrayed in news media, a small but growing social science literature and, in earlier versions of the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale, one component of the assignment of intensities to earthquakes. This study drew on the extensive USGS “Did you feel it?” (DYFI) database to explore human behavioral response in 12 earthquakes that occurred between 2005 and 2018 in 8 countries. These earthquakes varied from moderate in magnitude to very large and destructive events. Some occurred in developed nations with extensive earthquake preparedness campaigns and advanced building codes and others in developing nations with almost no attention to the hazards posed by earthquakes and no seismic provisions in building codes. Our objective was to describe and analyze the behaviors reported by those who navigated to the DYFI site and reported how they responded.
Cyclic behavior of lightly reinforced concrete moment frames with partial- and full-height masonry walls
Authors: Han Sang Whan , Lee Chang Seok
Published: February 2020

Existing lightly reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames are vulnerable to earthquakes. The seismic behavior of these frames could be affected by the presence of masonry infill walls. The objective of this study was to investigate the seismic behavior of gravity-designed RC frames having partial- and full-height masonry infill walls. For this purpose, experimental and numerical studies were conducted. Three one-story and one-bay gravity-designed RC moment frames with and without partial- and full-height masonry infill walls were made and tested under cyclic lateral loads. Numerical models for RC moment frames and masonry walls were proposed based on test data. Nonlinear static and incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) were conducted for three-story RC moment frames with and without partial- and full-height masonry infill walls using the numerical models. Both experimental and numerical studies demonstrated that the masonry-infilled RC frames had larger lateral strength and stiffness than bare RC frames, whereas their drift capacity was less than that of bare frames. The partial-height masonry-infilled RC model frame had the least collapse strength among the frames.
BIVV001, a new class of factor VIII replacement for hemophilia A that is independent of von Willebrand factor in primates and mice
Authors: Seth Chhabra Ekta , Liu Tongyao , Kulman John , Patarroyo-White Susannah , Yang Buyue , Lu Qi , Drager Douglas , Moore Nancy , Liu Jiayun , Holthaus Amy M. , Sommer Jurg M. , Ismail Ayman , Rabinovich Deana , Liu Zhan , van der Flier Arjan , Goodman Allison , Furcht Chris , Tie Mark , Carlage Tyler , Mauldin Randy , Dobrowsky Terrence M. , Liu Zhiqian , Mercury Oblaise , Zhu Lily , Mei Baisong , Schellenberger Volker , Jiang Haiyan , Pierce Glenn F. , Salas Joe , Peters Robert
Published: February 2020

Factor VIII (FVIII) replacement products enable comprehensive care in hemophilia A. Treatment goals in severe hemophilia A are expanding beyond low annualized bleed rates to include long-term outcomes associated with high sustained FVIII levels. Endogenous von Willebrand factor (VWF) stabilizes and protects FVIII from degradation and clearance, but it also subjects FVIII to a half-life ceiling of ∼15 to 19 hours. Increasing recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) half-life further is ultimately dependent upon uncoupling rFVIII from endogenous VWF. We have developed a new class of FVIII replacement, rFVIIIFc-VWF-XTEN (BIVV001), that is physically decoupled from endogenous VWF and has enhanced pharmacokinetic properties compared with all previous FVIII products. BIVV001 was bioengineered as a unique fusion protein consisting of a VWF-DʹD3 domain fused to rFVIII via immunoglobulin-G1 Fc domains and 2 XTEN polypeptides (Amunix Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Mountain View, CA). Plasma FVIII half-life after BIVV001 administration in mice and monkeys was 25 to 31 hours and 33 to 34 hours, respectively, representing a three- to fourfold increase in FVIII half-life. Our results showed that multifaceted protein engineering, far beyond a few amino acid substitutions, could significantly improve rFVIII pharmacokinetic properties while maintaining hemostatic function. BIVV001 is the first rFVIII with the potential to significantly change the treatment paradigm for severe hemophilia A by providing optimal protection against all bleed types, with less frequent doses. The protein engineering methods described herein can also be applied to other complex proteins.
Cancer spectrum and outcomes in the Mendelian short telomere syndromes
Authors: Schratz Kristen E. , Haley Lisa , Danoff Sonye K. , Blackford Amanda L. , DeZern Amy E. , Gocke Christopher D. , Duffield Amy S. , Armanios Mary
Published: February 2020

Short telomeres have been linked to cancer risk, yet other evidence supports them being tumor suppressive. Here, we report cancer outcomes in individuals with germline mutations in telomerase and other telomere-maintenance genes. Among 180 individuals evaluated in a hospital-based setting, 12.8% had cancer. Solid tumors were rare (2.8%); nearly all were young male DKC1 mutation carriers, and they were generally resectable with good short-term outcomes. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was most common, followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML); they accounted for 75% of cancers. Age over 50 years was the biggest risk factor, and MDS/AML usually manifested with marrow hypoplasia and monosomy 7, but the somatic mutation landscape was indistinct from unselected patients. One- and 2-year survival were 61% and 39%, respectively, and two-thirds of MDS/AML patients died of pulmonary fibrosis and/or hepatopulmonary syndrome. In one-half of the cases, MDS/AML patients showed a recurrent peripheral blood pattern of acquired, granulocyte-specific telomere shortening. This attrition was absent in age-matched mutation carriers who did not have MDS/AML. We tested whether adult short telomere patients without MDS/AML also had evidence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential–related mutations and found that 30% were affected. These patients also primarily suffered morbidity from pulmonary fibrosis during follow-up. Our data show that the Mendelian short telomere syndromes are associated with a relatively narrow cancer spectrum, primarily MDS and AML. They suggest that short telomere length is sufficient to drive premature age-related clonal hematopoiesis in these inherited disorders.
The experiences of people bereaved by suicide regarding the press reporting of the death: qualitative study
Authors: Gregory Philip , Stevenson Fiona , King Michael , Osborn David , Pitman Alexandra
Published: February 2020

Background

Media guidelines on suicide reporting of suicide have two purposes: to prevent further suicides, and to minimise distress to the bereaved, who are themselves at increased risk of suicide. We aimed to describe the subjective experiences of people bereaved by suicide regarding media reporting of the suicide of their friend or relative.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of staff and students aged 18–40 at 37 United Kingdom higher educational institutions in 2010 to recruit adults who had experienced bereavement by the suicide of a close contact. We analysed free-text responses to a question probing experiences of the press after the suicide, using thematic analysis to identify key themes.

Results

We analysed responses from 140 eligible respondents, and identified 3 main themes: value placed on respecting the privacy or wishes of the bereaved; respect accorded to the deceased; and the role of the press in promoting suicide prevention messages. Many respondents described negative experiences of the press, with sub-themes capturing distressing experiences relating to perceptions of journalists’ intrusive behaviour, failure to consult appropriately with the bereaved, journalists releasing private information, negatively misrepresenting the deceased, and breaching the anonymity of the deceased or bereaved. We identified considerable variation in people’s views over acceptable levels of detail reported in the press, and in some cases objections were in relation to journalists following media guidelines. These divergent views illustrate the tensions between the twin purposes of media guidelines: to prevent further suicides, and to protect the bereaved.

Conclusions

The findings from our British sample provide journalists with personal perspectives from bereaved relatives on the impact of media intrusion, speculation, and misrepresentation, and an insight into disparate views on the nature of information relatives feel comfortable disclosing. These findings suggest a need for journalists’ training to include exposure to such views, to heighten awareness of potentially distressing effects and the nuances of bereaved people’s preferences. This should aim to encourage journalists to consult with bereaved relatives more sensitively, whilst also remaining mindful of media guidelines on the reporting of suicide.
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations
Authors: Chen Hu , Li Jun , Wang Yumeng , Ng Patrick Kwok-Shing , Tsang Yiu Huen , Shaw Kenna R. , Mills Gordon B. , Liang Han
Published: February 2020

Background

The initiation and subsequent evolution of cancer are largely driven by a relatively small number of somatic mutations with critical functional impacts, so-called driver mutations. Identifying driver mutations in a patient’s tumor cells is a central task in the era of precision cancer medicine. Over the decade, many computational algorithms have been developed to predict the effects of missense single-nucleotide variants, and they are frequently employed to prioritize mutation candidates. These algorithms employ diverse molecular features to build predictive models, and while some algorithms are cancer-specific, others are not. However, the relative performance of these algorithms has not been rigorously assessed.

Results

We construct five complementary benchmark datasets: mutation clustering patterns in the protein 3D structures, literature annotation based on OncoKB, TP53 mutations based on their effects on target-gene transactivation, effects of cancer mutations on tumor formation in xenograft experiments, and functional annotation based on in vitro cell viability assays we developed including a new dataset of ~ 200 mutations. We evaluate the performance of 33 algorithms and found that CHASM, CTAT-cancer, DEOGEN2, and PrimateAI show consistently better performance than the other algorithms. Moreover, cancer-specific algorithms show much better performance than those designed for a general purpose.

Conclusions

Our study is a comprehensive assessment of the performance of different algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations and provides deep insights into the best practice of computationally prioritizing cancer mutation candidates for end-users and for the future development of new algorithms.
Oral nutritional supplements for preventing surgical site infections: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ralph Nicholas , Brown Lindsay , McKillop Kristy L. , Duff Jed , Osborne Sonya , Terry Victoria R. , Edward Karen-Leigh , King Rachel , Barui Edward
Published: February 2020

Background

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections. Under-nutrition is an important risk factor for SSIs and can lead to delayed wound healing and longer hospital stays. Oral nutritional supplements are prescribed to reduce the risk of infection and improve health status, but data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown mixed results. Thus, the objective of our planned systematic review is to evaluate oral nutritional supplements on preventing SSIs in adult surgical patients

Methods

RCTs conducted in adult surgical patients who receive oral nutritional support will be included. The primary outcome will be the incidence of SSIs (within 30 days of surgery or within 90 days for joint replacement surgery). Secondary outcomes will be changes in nutritional status, mortality, health-related quality of life and costs. Literature searches will be conducted in several electronic databases (from inception onwards): MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Grey literature will be identified through searching clinical trial registers and dissertation databases. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles and abstract data. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis where appropriate.

Discussion

This systematic review will evaluate the evidence for pre- and post-surgical intervention with oral nutritional supplements in adults. Findings from this planned review may inform subsequent nutritional interventions for hospitalised patients who undergo surgery.

Systematic review registration

PROSPEROCRD42020140954
Antibody-related movement disorders – a comprehensive review of phenotype-autoantibody correlations and a guide to testing
Authors: Gövert Felix , Leypoldt Frank , Junker Ralf , Wandinger Klaus-Peter , Deuschl Günther , Bhatia Kailash P. , Balint Bettina
Published: February 2020

Background

Over the past decade increasing scientific progress in the field of autoantibody–mediated neurological diseases was achieved. Movement disorders are a frequent and often prominent feature in such diseases which are potentially treatable.

Main body

Antibody-mediated movement disorders encompass a large clinical spectrum of diverse neurologic disorders occurring either in isolation or accompanying more complex autoimmune encephalopathic diseases. Since autoimmune movement disorders can easily be misdiagnosed as neurodegenerative or metabolic conditions, appropriate immunotherapy can be delayed or even missed. Recognition of typical clinical patterns is important to reach the correct diagnosis.

Conclusion

There is a growing number of newly discovered antibodies which can cause movement disorders. Several antibodies can cause distinctive phenotypes of movement disorders which are important to be aware of. Early diagnosis is important because immunotherapy can result in major improvement.

In this review article we summarize the current knowledge of autoimmune movement disorders from a point of view focused on clinical syndromes. We discuss associated clinical phenomenology and antineuronal antibodies together with alternative etiologies with the aim of providing a diagnostic framework for clinicians considering underlying autoimmunity in patients with movement disorders.
Diffusion tensor imaging: a smart move to olfactory pathway imaging; comparative study of chronic sinonasal polyposis patients and normal control
Authors: Taha Tougan , Megahed Ayah A. , Taha Mohamed Shehata , Mahmoud Heba , Rabie Tahany Mohamed , Askora Anas Mohamed
Published: February 2020

Background

Olfaction is critically important for a good quality of life and incorporated in many physiological domains such as attention, emotion, memory, and airflow motor control. Olfactory researches have been expanded in the last decade due to close relation between the olfactory disorders and different brain diseases. Diagnosis of anosmia and hyposmia are based on history, smell tests, and physical examination which rely on the patient’s response without an objective measure of impairment. This study assessed the value of volumetry and DTI parameters as objective measurements for olfactory dysfunction.

Fourteen patients with chronic sinonasal polyposis for at least 6 months were included in this study; all of them underwent tailored MRI examination including volumetry and DTI for olfactory bulbs and tracts. The results were compared to the same number of age and sex-matched healthy control group.

Results

The study results showed that olfactory bulb and tract (OB/T) volume, FA and ADC could distinguish between patients and healthy controls. Statistically significant differences were noticed between the FA & ADC values of patient and control groups (p< 0.05) and a highly significant one was noticed as regarding the OT volume (p< 0.001).

Conclusion

MR volumetry and DTI parameters can be used as objective measurements for the olfactory dysfunction for patients with chronic sinonasal polyposis.
Long-Term Outcomes and Retreatment Among Patients With Previously Treated, Programmed Death-Ligand 1‒Positive, Advanced Non‒Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the KEYNOTE-010 Study
Authors: Herbst Roy S. , Garon Edward B. , Kim Dong-Wan , Cho Byoung Chul , Perez-Gracia Jose L. , Han Ji-Youn , Arvis Catherine Dubos , Majem Margarita , Forster Martin D. , Monnet Isabelle , Novello Silvia , Szalai Zsuzsanna , Gubens Matthew A. , Su Wu-Chou , Ceresoli Giovanni Luca , Samkari Ayman , Jensen Erin H. , Lubiniecki Gregory M. , Baas Paul
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE

In the KEYNOTE-010 study, pembrolizumab improved overall survival (OS) versus docetaxel in previously treated, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)‒expressing advanced non‒small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients with a tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50% and ≥ 1%. We report KEYNOTE-010 long-term outcomes, including after 35 cycles/2 years or second-course pembrolizumab.

METHODS

Of 1,033 patients randomly assigned (intention to treat), 690 received up to 35 cycles/2 years of pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg (n = 344) or 10 mg/kg (n = 346) every 3 weeks, and 343 received docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Eligible patients with disease progression after 35 cycles/2 years of pembrolizumab could receive second-course treatment (up to 17 cycles). Pembrolizumab doses were pooled because no between-dose difference was observed at primary analysis.

RESULTS

Pembrolizumab continued to improve OS over docetaxel in the PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50% and ≥ 1% groups (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.66; P < .00001; and HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.80; P < .00001, respectively) after a 42.6-month (range, 35.2-53.2 months) median follow-up. Estimated 36-month OS rates were 34.5% versus 12.7% and 22.9% versus 11.0%, respectively. Grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 16% versus 37% of patients, respectively. Seventy-nine of 690 patients completed 35 cycles/2 years of pembrolizumab; 12-month OS and progression-free survival rates after completing treatment were 98.7% (95% CI, 91.1% to 99.8%) and 72.5% (95% CI, 59.9% to 81.8%), respectively. Seventy-five patients (95%) had objective response (RECIST v1.1, blinded independent central review) and 48 (64%) had ongoing response. Grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 17.7% of patients. Fourteen patients received second-course pembrolizumab: 5 completed 17 cycles, 6 (43%) had partial response, and 5 (36%) had stable disease.

CONCLUSION

Pembrolizumab provided long-term OS benefit over docetaxel, with manageable safety, durable responses among patients receiving 2 years of treatment, and disease control with second-course treatment, further supporting pembrolizumab for previously treated, PD-L1‒expressing advanced NSCLC.
A hemispheric comparison of cognitive dysfunction and sleep quality impairment in Middle Cerebral Artery infarction
Authors: Wahid Danyal , Rabbani Hifza , Inam Ayesha , Akhtar Zuba'a
Published: February 2020

Objectives: To investigate the severity of cognitive dysfunction and sleep quality impairment in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes across the left and right hemisphere. Moreover, it also study gender differences with respect to MCA strokes.

Methods: The study was conducted from February 2019 - May 2019 at COMSATS University, Islamabad. A total sample size of N=55 middle cerebral artery ischemic infarct patients was selected with N=29 left middle cerebral artery ischemic infarct patients and N=26 right middle cerebral artery ischemic infarct patients. The sample was assessed on The Neurocognitive Assessment Battery for stroke patients (N-CABS) & The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Urdu (PSQI-U).

Results: The mean age of the sample was 50.96 years. There was a significant difference among scores of cognitive dysfunction between Left MCA (M=47.28, SD=12.87) and Right MCA stroke patients (M=29.7, S=21.41), t (53) =-6.80, p<0.001. Similarly, there was significant difference among scores of sleep disturbance between Left MCA (M=6.90, SD=2.93) and Right MCA (M=10.35, SD=3.97), t (53) =-3.68, p<0.001. Gender comparisons reveal that there is no significant difference between males and females for both, cognitive dysfunction and sleep quality impairment.

Conclusions: Cognitive dysfunction and sleep quality impairment due to MCA strokes is significant between left and right hemispheres respectively, regardless of gender, assessed with N-CABS and PSQI-U. Further studies are required to analyse other demographic correlates related to MCA strokes.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1385

How to cite this:Wahid D, Rabbani H, Inam A, Akhtar Z. A hemispheric comparison of cognitive dysfunction and sleep quality impairment in Middle Cerebral Artery infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):511-515. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1385

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
RISKS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS INVESTMENT PROJECT
Authors: Shelobaev Sergey , Arsen'ev Yuriy , Davydova T.
Published: February 2020

We study the features of risks that arise during the implementation of investment projects at different stages of their development.
Spatial behavior of corn leaf aphid and syrphid flies in corn crop in the northeast of Pará
Authors: Nascimento José Marlon dos Santos , Martins Ivan Carlos Fernandes , De Mello Marcello Neiva , Da Silva Jhonatan Rocha , Lima Maria Milena Oliveira , Oliveira Fábio Júnior de , Campos Lourival Dias
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to verify the spatial and temporal behavior of corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch.) and hoverflies in corn crop in the municipality of Igarapé-Açu, northeast of Pará, Brazil, as well as the influence of adjacent areas on the occurrence of these insects. An experimental area of 1.0 ha (100 x 100 m) was used in the years 2015 and 2016, adjacent areas consisted of mango agroecosystem, pasture and secondary forest. The area was divided into grid with 100 plots of 100 m² (10 x 10 m). Ten plants were randomly selected, totaling 1,000 plants per sampling date. Corn leaf aphid colonies (= or> 15 aphid) and syrphid flies adult was visually analyzed throughout the aerial parts of the plants. The spatial behavior was analyzed by semivariogram modeling and kriging interpolation maps. The semivariograms and kriging maps were made by the R software for Windows. Gaussian, spherical and exponential models were the best fit for corn leaf aphid in both harvests, showing aggregate behavior. The strong and moderate spatial dependence index prevailed, with range ranging from 12.46 to 93.04 m for R. maidis. The syrphids flies showed spatial interaction with the corn leaf aphid and they also show aggregate behavior, confirmed by most adjustments in the spherical and exponential models. The spatial dependence index of the prevailing syrphids flies were moderate and weak, ranging from 14.00 to 101.33 m. Adjacent areas showed influence on occurrence and dispersal of both corn leaf aphid and syrphids flies.
The Therapeutic vs. Constructive Approach to the Transformative Character of Collective Intentionality. The Interpersonal Level of Explanation
Authors: Żuromski Daniel
Published: February 2020

In their article, Andrea Kern and Henrike Moll (2017) argue in support of a certain vision of shared/collective intentionality and its role in understanding our cognitive capacities. This vision is based on two aspects: a negative one, i.e. a theoretical diagnosis of the contemporary debate on shared/collective intentionality, and a positive one, referring to the proposals for shared/collective intentionality. As regards the negative aspect, the main thesis concerns the arbitrary assumptions underlying the whole debate on shared/collective intentionality. According to Kern and Moll (2017), this assumption prevents us from capturing the transformative character of shared/collective intentionality and therefore the uniqueness of the human being. This paper is not so much a detailed criticism or discussion of said article, as rather an opportunity to formulate my own position in the colloquy with Kern and Mole’s position. This approach states that understanding the transformative character of SI/CI requires taking into account a broader approach to the constitution of the mind, in which, apart from the personal and the sub-personal level of explanation, there is also a third level of explanation  the interpersonal level of explanation. Thus understood, the ILE is a part of multi-level analysis and mechanism-based explanation, whereas shared/collective intentionality is one of the main mechanisms of the ILE.
Olhar, tocar e trocar: ferramenta em correspondência
Authors: Portela Raiama Lima , Noronha Raquel Gomes
Published: February 2020

Esse artigo apresenta as relações de correspondência entre artesãs de uma comunidade quilombola produtora de artesanato localizada em Santa Maria, no município de Alcântara, no Maranhão, pesquisadoras de design anthropology e uma ferramenta de design pautada na fotoelicitação (PINK, 2013), para que questões sobre mulheres, suas necessidades e visões de mundo pudessem vir à tona. Refletimos sobre a ideia do protótipo em correspondência, nos distanciando da noção de artefato, fixo e enrijecido, e nos aproximando da noção de coisa, ajustável e adaptável, apoiada nas contribuições que o antropólogo Tim Ingold nos oferece para pensar as relações entre seres e o ambiente vivido, a partir das intersubjetividades. As narrativas das(o) artesãs(ão) que surgiram a partir das imagens apresentadas foram necessárias não só para problematizar a ideia de empoderamento feminino, mas também resultou numa autorreflexão do nosso fazer enquanto designers em todo o processo.
Revivendo uma experiência de extensão: um campo entre antropologia e design
Authors: Geammal Jeanine
Published: February 2020

Este artigo retoma questionamentos vivenciados ao longo do projeto de extensão "Mulheres da Palha: empreendedorismo social no grupo de artesãs da palha da carnaúba em Juazeiro do Norte", para explorar novas possibilidades de leitura dessa experiência. Aplico-me à análise desse encontro, no qual tomei parte pessoal e profissionalmente, como professora de design e designer, a partir do exercício de distanciamento desse campo profissional, incitado pelo ingresso no doutorado em antropologia. Transito entre design e antropologia, explorando possibilidades de leituras da antropologia, tal como defendidas por Tim Ingold, Jeanne Favret-Saada e Roy Wagner, para refletir sobre a experiência percorrida. Em composição, dialogo com as inter-relações de circunstâncias que encontrei em campo e com o trabalho realizado durante o projeto de extensão, para investigar, nas propostas desses autores, caminhos de conjugação entre os modos de conhecimento e ação do design e da antropologia.
ECONOMIA CRIATIVA: OPORTUNIDADES E GARGALOS PARA O SEU FORTALECIMENTO NA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: De Figueiredo João Luiz , De Jesus Diego Santos Vieira
Published: February 2020

O artigo trata da relação entre o campo da economia criativa e sua crescente associação aos debates sobre desenvolvimento, especialmente nas escalas local e regional. O objetivo principal é identificar as oportunidades e os gargalos para o fortalecimento da economia criativa na cidade do Rio de Janeiro por meio da análise dos dados secundários de diversas bases estatísticas utilizadas na construção do Índice de Desenvolvimento Potencial da Economia Criativa (IDPEC), o qual foi aplicado a todas as capitais do Brasil. Além dessa análise mais centrada na capital, o artigo também apresenta um panorama da economia criativa no estado e a sua concentração na capital. Os resultados, por um lado, revelam a importância das atividades criativas na economia da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, as quais podem ser mobilizadas como indutoras do desenvolvimento, todavia, por outro lado, identificamos gargalos a serem superados em fatores cruciais para o fortalecimento da economia criativa, especialmente os que se relacionam com a educação, atratividade da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e políticas de apoio a cultura.
O IMPOSTO SOBRE TRANSFERÊNCIA IMOBILIÁRIA
Authors: De Carvalho Júnior Pedro Humberto Bruno
Published: February 2020

O artigo debate o papel da tributação sobre a transferência imobiliária pelo ITBI no Brasil a luz da experiência internacional, analisando as suas principais características e desafios jurídicos. Apesar da arrecadação real ter triplicado em relação à última década, devido ao aumento das transações imobiliárias, aumento de alíquota e melhoria na administração tributária, muitos países alcançam indicadores de arrecadação superiores ao Brasil por possuírem maiores alíquotas (inclusive seletivas e progressivas, que são proibidas no Brasil), e principalmente uma base de cálculo ampliada que abrange veículos, aluguéis, ativos financeiros, entre outros atos jurídicos de registro e transferência. O artigo também evidenciou que o ITBI tem sido uma fonte de receitas importante em municípios pequenos com relevante setor de agronegócios, servindo como fonte de informações do comércio de terras rurais. O artigo finaliza propondo uma reforma tributária que torne o imposto progressivo, que ele possa ser usado para combater a especulação imobiliária e que ele tenha sua base de cálculo ampliada para o registro e transferência de outros ativos reais.
Creepy crawlies in dogs and cats: how to find and treat them
Authors: Barnard Natalie
Published: February 2020

Ectoparasites are a common cause of pruritus in dogs and cats. There are many treatments available, but despite this they remain a problem in general practice. This article will discuss the commonly found ectoparasites in dogs and cats namely: fleas, lice, Sarcoptes spp., Cheyletiella spp., and Demodex spp.. We will discuss clinical signs, what tests can be used to make a diagnosis and how to treat these conditions.
Can the oncology classification system be used for prosthetic joint infection?
Authors: Alt Volker , Rupp Markus , Langer Martin , Baumann Florian , Trampuz Andrej
Published: February 2020

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(2):79–81.
Europeos bajo la crisis: cambios en sus patrones migratorios recientes en España.
Authors: Bayona i Carrasco Jordi , Gil-Alonso Fernando
Published: February 2020

Europeans presently are the largest foreign population group. Around 2.6 million Europeans – 47% of 5.7 million foreigners registered in Spanish municipalities– are now (2011) living in Spain, 1.2 million of them are from the former EU-15 countries, and 1.4 million from other European countries (12 new member states and non-EU countries). This paper aims to study how Europeans’ migration patterns have changed during the present economic recession. Padrón continuo (Spain’s centralized local register) and Estadística de Variaciones Residenciales (residential mobility statistics) data are used. Results show that Europeans’ entry flows to Spain have substantially decreased since 2008 and that their internal mobility has also fallen. Geographical patterns have also changed, as some of the provinces where the construction sector was particularly dynamic, like Mediterranean ones, have
Reconciliando al genio crítico y al adulador cortesano: una revisión a la aproximación bipartita de la Cronografía de Miguel Pselo y la Historia de Miguel Ataliates.
Authors: López-Santos Kornberger Francisco
Published: February 2020

The Chronographia of Michael Psellos (AD 1018-ca.1078) and the History of Michael Attaleiates (ca. 1025ca. 1080) are two nearly contemporary –and thus frequently compared– eleventh-century Byzantine historical narratives. Recent analyses concerning their respective style, as well as their literary and ideological framework, have increasingly highlighted a sharp internal division within each of the two works. Such a division concerned their composite moments, literary genres (history opposed to enkomion) and even the works’ argumentative lines developed in each section. This article reconsiders the implications of the internal division in Psellos’ work, while flatly discarding the existence of a comparable internal break in Attaleiates’ History.
Integración interdisciplinaria en el aprendizaje servicio: un modelo para la gestión de proyectos en la educación superior.
Authors: Álvarez Milán Agarzelim , Villareal Arce María Elena
Published: February 2020

By using the Service Learning methodology in professional education as part of the teaching and learning process, the aim is to integrate knowledge and social commitment for th e benefit of university students. However, when this effort is made through interdisciplinary integration, the orientation required by the student within his or her own discipline is broadened to include other areas or specialties that contribute to a comm on benefit. This integration also fosters the widening of the spectrum of tangible results both in the service community and in the different disciplines that make use of this methodology. Integrated planning, execution and observation in two distinct area s with points of articulation according to the learning goals and service objectives, guided the intervention described in this paper, which was aimed at producing a service learning management model in an interdisciplinary manner in the areas of business and health. The model proposes two operational levels within an integral macro process: a curricular systemic level, which identifies points of articulation and interdisciplinary integration for the benefit of a vulnerable population; and an instrumental l evel of Service Learning that contemplates the execution of the different stages of the methodology. The model also considers the different challenges identified in the experience or project as part of the management macro process, which vary according to the context in which the project takes place and the disciplines involved. The interdisciplinary methodology benefitted students in each discipline by empowering them, promoting joint work, as well as raising social awareness and prompting resolution of re lated problems, stimulating critical thinking, in addition to applying knowledge acquired in class. A more participative response was also obtained from the service population, as this was an intervention with an integral approach directed from different p erspectives.
El soporte legal a proyectos de emprendimiento social a través del aprendizaje-servicio.
Authors: Rocha Eduardo
Published: February 2020

In addition to focusing on transmitting specialised knowledge relevant to professional practice and on providing students with the skills and competences required by the labour market, current teaching practices in Law seek to transcend conventional method s through service provision. With this perspective in mind, we designed a course under the service learning methodology as part of the Trade Law Seminar taught in the ninth semester of the Bachelor of Law programme, aiming to develop in the students the sk ills and competencies required in their professional practice whilst providing a solidary service. We linked the competencies, attitudes and values of the course to the service learning methodology and involved the students in three social projects origina ting from the Social Transformation Laboratory at the university itself. These projects involve social entrepreneurship and are also linked to the topics in the course syllabus, which are specifically aimed at the creation and operation of trading companie s. Through this experience, the students not only acquired and reinforced relevant legal knowledge, but to a great extent they also developed the intended competences, attitudes and values. In addition to solving the legal problems they faced in each of th e projects, students also collaborated in the foundation of several trading companies, which besides contributing to solving a current social problem, will also take active part in the country's economy, by generating jobs and competing in the market as so cially responsible companies.
La experiencia de aprendizaje-servicio virtual Español En Vivo y su contribución a la mejora del enfoque y la competencia interculturales.
Authors: Hernández Daniel
Published: February 2020

This article deals with the possibility of using the Virtual Service Learning (vSL) to pr omote the intercultural competence and intercultural approach. Through the vSL project “Español en Vivo” created by the School of Education of the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia in collaboration between Spanish and African universities and whose objective is the improvement of linguistic skills and the development of a civic component ——, we explain how useful it is to allow students to reflect not only on linguistic or ethical aspects, but also to prompt introspection about how this experienc e helps them to appreciate diversity as an advantage in their learning environments and how it has allowed them to get to know and recognize themselves alongside their peers.
La emigración española en tiempos de crisis y austeridad.
Authors: Ortega-Rivera Enrique , Domingo i Valls Andreu , Sabater i Coll Albert
Published: February 2020

The crisis and the austerity policies driven by Spanish governments have had a significant effect on the dynamics of international migration processes. These changes mark the beginning of a new migratory phase in which Spanish emigration -without being a massive phenomenon- occupy a prominent place in the media and political agenda. Even though Spanish population account for only 13% of departures, its volume has doubled in five years, from 34,000 in 2008 to 56,000 in 2012. The pace of change and the timing of departures give prominence to this phenomenon in the current economic and social context. This paper examines the growth of Spanish emigration from 2008 to 2012, using disaggregated data by age, sex, country of birth and destination as well as geography detail at provincial level from the Residential Variation Statistics.