bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of religious (Islamic) structures of civil society in the North Caucasus in the XX–XXI centuries on the example of the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Sirazhudinova Saida V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of formation and development of religious structures of civil society in the North Caucasus. The end of the twentieth century brought a rapid surge of religiosity to the region, there was a rapid Re-Islamization of people, various numerous religious organizations began to appear, between which there was a struggle for influence over the consciousness of the population. Religious Muslim organizations are the dominant (in terms of influence and numerical composition) institution of civil society. Only in Dagestan, the number of registered organizations is almost two and a half thousand. In addition to the registered organizations, there are informal Sufi communities, Salafist groups and communities in the republics. Therefore, the question of the existence of civil society in non-classical conditions, and even more so in the Muslim environment, has recently become more relevant and it is important to trace its specifics and dynamics of development in the region, in the context of the increasing activity of civil society structures of an Islamic nature and the peculiarities of their practical manifestation (Islamic councils, organizations, network communities, etc.). We use the results obtained by the author in the course of sociological research in the Republic of Dagestan, as well as the results of research by scientists and sociologists from Dagestan, which show that religious organizations actively work in the social sphere, influence the moods and behavior of believers, and also act as driving forces of change in different types of societies. Their activity, role in political transformations, and opportunities for mobilization require expanding the concept of civil society in relation to non-Western societies, especially Islamic ones, where there is a very controversial environment and conditions that differ from the classical ones. Islamic organizations, as structures of civil society, have their own potential, they use modern tools, forms and achievements, and at the same time they are based on the principles of justice, mutual assistance, charity (zakat, “waqf” (donations), consultation, and civic engagement.
Preparation for passing the GTO norms as an effective form of organizing extracurricular activities of adolescents
Authors: Afov Alikhan Kh. , Kokaeva Irina Yu.
Published: October 2021

Extracurricular activities are of great importance in the implementation of the basic educational program of basic general education. It, like educational activity, is aimed at achieving the planned results, but unlike it, it is carried out outside the classroom system. Among the various directions of the extracurricular organization of the educational process, sports and recreation are of particular importance for modern children.
In their article, the authors propose to use preparation for passing the GTO as an innovative form of extracurricular work and, based on the analysis of special literature, as well as their own practical observations, they prove that, under certain conditions and technology, preparation for passing the All-Russian physical culture and sports complex «Ready for Labor and Defense» (GTO) becomes an effective way of organizing extracurricular sports and recreation activities,
Revealing the scientific and theoretical foundations of the organization of extracurricular sports and recreation activities in a general education school, the authors confirm that the introduction of children and young people to passing the RLD norms ensures the physical and moral improvement of adolescents.
The study of the epics of the Novgorod cycle in the lessons of Russian literature in high school
Authors: Bekoev Vladimir I.
Published: October 2021

In the context of improving school literary education at the present stage, it is of great importance to familiarize students with the spiritual values of world and domestic literature and folklore. In this connection, the study of the epic epos in the school course of literary education is very important. In it, the Russian people poetically correctly portrayed the heroic story of their life, expressed their aspirations, thoughts and hopes, worldly wisdom. Considering the enormous educational and upbringing significance of the epic epos, in the article the author provides methods and techniques tested in the real pedagogical process that contribute to the creative perception of epics, taking into account their genre specificity, the originality of artistic and poetic structures. The ways and methods of work recommended in the article are built taking into account the requirements of modern educational technologies and implemented on the example of studying the epic “Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich”. The author devotes 2 hours to study the epics of the Novgorod cycle. In this regard, the article provides a methodological system of the teacher’s work with a detailed description of the stages of each lesson. The first lesson is devoted to solving the following tasks: to expand the students’ ideas about the epic epic; to determine the thematic difference between Novgorod epics and Kiev ones; to give an overview of the content of the epics about Sadko and Vasily Buslaev. In the process of presenting the material, the teacher widely draws on the texts of the named epics. The second lesson is devoted to the textual study of the epic “Volga and Mikula”. In his introductory remarks, the teacher talks about the time of the formation of the epic, about the problems that worried the people. The lesson ends with work on artistic and poetic means, the originality of epic vocabulary. The relevance of the problem under study is due to the lack of a well-thought-out system for modeling lessons for the study of epics using information technology. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that in it this problem is subjected to methodological comprehension, taking into account the requirements of modern educational technologies.
To the Guestion of the Formation of Cultural Literacy of Belarusian Junior Schoolchildren
Authors: Danich Oksana V.
Published: October 2021

The subject of the study in the article is the phenomenon of cultural literacy of junior schoolchildren in the context of the educational process in secondary schools of the Republic of Belarus. The relevance of the investigated problem is due to significant changes in the education system, which implies the development of the student’s personality, which is not simply subject knowledge and skills, but by a whole complex of universal skills that make up new, or functional literacy.
In the context of this literacy, our interest causes cultural literacy as the ownership of cultural and marked information, which is part of the ordinary consciousness of most national culture carriers. The purpose of this article is to disclose a possible approach to the process of forming cultural literacy of primary school students. To achieve the goal, a theoretical analysis of scientific literature was used, as well as a descriptive method, which allows to transmit the specific features of realities that are carriers of culturally significant information. The methodological basis was the cultural, anthropocentric and competence concept of education.
The formation of cultural literacy of younger schoolchildren requires use in the educational process of adequate scientific and methodological support. As a base and tool, we offer a dictionary of cultural realities, which includes the optimal information on the student of primary classes the amount of information on the extralinguistic and linguistic signs of world and national culture. We consider the working notebook for the student and guidelines for the teacher to be the recommended accompanying elements of the dictionary.
Such an educational and methodical complex will help to ensure not only the formation of cultural literacy as an element of functional literacy, but also the education of the student who has the qualities of a sincere patriot and a citizen of their country.
Formation of the education system in South Ossetia - State of Alania: structure and organizational and pedagogical features of management, legal aspect
Authors: Dzagoeva Marina R. , Tuaev Arthur А.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the management system in the educational sphere of South Ossetia-the State of Alania, both during the reform of the Soviet system and at the present time. Hard times for the republic, 1989-2008, negatively affected the socio-economic development of the country as a whole, and in particular had an impact on the education system of South Ossetia. Currently, the only university in the country – the South Ossetian State University-has retained the positive aspects of Soviet education, including training at the classical level of higher education-specialty. The authors note that at present knowledge is the main factor in the development of the young state. The importance of cooperation in the field of education of the young state and the Russian Federation is invaluable. Integration processes with Russia are supported by normative legal acts in the field of science and education-contracts, agreements. The article presents the current structure of education in South Ossetia and the main indicators. For the further development of South Ossetia at the present stage, it is important to ensure a high level of the educational process. The author also draws attention to the decrease in the number of the country’s population, which was caused by political and legal aspects. No matter what natural resources the region has, without a professional approach to management, and without knowledge, there will be no development, because in the context of globalization, new innovative approaches to management are extremely important. There is a need for a systematic analysis of educational practices, as well as the organization, planning and control of educational activities based on compliance with legal norms.
Formation of metasubject educational achievements of primary schoolchildren in the process of assessment activities
Authors: Dzebisova Anastasia K. , Kokaeva Irina Yu.
Published: October 2021

The main mission of modern education - improving the quality, cannot be realized without innovative approaches to the assessment system, without the formation of mechanisms, procedures and technologies for monitoring the educational achievements of students.
Federal state educational standards of primary general education of the second generation orient teachers towards the qualitative formation of subject, meta-subject and personal results. Modern teachers successfully diagnose the level of subject and personal achievements of junior schoolchildren, evaluating these universal educational actions. Certain difficulties arise with the assessment of metasubject learning outcomes of schoolchildren. The assessment activity of students, according to the authors, acts as an effective means of forming metasubject competences of younger students, since the mechanisms for diagnosing metasubject educational achievements have not yet been worked out.
This scientific work discusses not only modern approaches to assessing metasubject achievements, but also proves that a well-constructed assessment activity can become an effective means of forming metasubject competencies.
The authors pay great attention to such methods of assessment activities, which, within the framework of the implementation of the state standard, ensure the flexibility of the educational process, create an opportunity not only for teachers, but also for the students themselves to control and evaluate metasubject results.
Color and light painting as components of the creator̕ s world in I.A. Bunin̕ s story “The Mad Artist”: a philological analysis based on case-technology
Authors: Dubova Marina A. , Efremova Valeriya V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the techniques of color painting and light painting in the story of the neorealist writer I.A. Bunin “The Mad Artist”. The relevance is due to the fact that in the modern education system, more attention is paid to innovative pedagogical receptions designed to optimize the educational process and ensure greater independence in work. In particular, interest in case technology is growing. The purpose of the article is the philological analysis of the story of I.A. Bunin’s “The Mad Artist” with the use of case technology techniques. The authors of the article take a case teaching the analysis and assessment of the situation as the basis for working with the text of the Bunin story. Based on it, the article presents an analysis of the linguistic parameters of a literary text and the means of their representation at the lexico-semantic level, revealing the techniques of color and light painting used by the writer in a work and participating in the implementation of the main principle of constructing a text – antithesis. The analysis is based on the comparative-comparative method, methods of citation and holistic analysis of a literary work. As a result of the research, a Russian language lesson was developed for high school students on the topic «Color and light painting as components of the creator’s world in I.A. Bunin̕ s story “The Mad Artist”» based on the techniques of case technology. The solution of the proposed case contributes to the development of creative and critical thinking of students, the formation of skills to work both individually and in pairs, the development of communicative and linguistic competencies.
‘Phantom Letters’ in Various Cultures
Authors: Orlova Natalia Yu.
Published: October 2021

Cross-Сultural communication cannot exist without interaction, both oral and written. One of the types of written communication is epistolary text. This paper considers one kind of epistolary texts, the so-called ‘dead letter’, i.e. a letter which cannot be delivered to the recipient because this person does not exist. The author introduces the term ‘phantom letter’ since a corresponding term has not been found in the Russian language, besides the existing English term ‘dead letter’ does not fully reveal the phenomenon under discussion. The materials of the article are 14 personal letters and 24 literary texts in the English language belonging to the cultures of Ancient Egypt, the USA, Great Britain and Israel. The methodology of the research is based on the discourse analysis of the personal and fiction discourses. The following types of ‘phantom letters’ have been studied: letters to the dead, letters to the future generations and literary texts which are letters to some famous historical or fictional characters. Special attention is paid to various reasons why people have been writing such epistolary texts: the writer may do it on practical grounds, as a form of trauma counselling and/or resurrecting the loved one or information. As for the literary texts, the author’s aim is to create a humorous effect since all these letters are parodies. Chronotope is also considered, which is especially important in letters to the dead and letters to the future. Discourse formulas typical for some types of phantom letters have been analyzed. The last part of the paper deals with precedent texts, because understanding of fictional dead letters is drawn entirely from the knowledge of precedent. The conclusion states that there are various types of phantom letters in various cultures, they are normally personal and they are written for various reasons, however, they possess common features. Some prospects for further study in this area are also outlined.
Intercultural Communication, Cultural Code-Switching, Gender and Food
Authors: Tomaščíková Slávka
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to present a part of an ongoing research into the roles food plays in the present-day communication. It provides an interdisciplinary insight into those aspects of intercultural communication that occupy significant role in the changing relationship between public and private spheres. These spheres represent spaces where the aspects of gender become more visible if combined with the elements of food. The author tries to argue that women and food act as ones of the most intriguing features in the ‘Circuit of Culture’ and their participation in intercultural communication is very complex and worth more detailed investigation. The concept of code-switching is often viewed as the one applied in the situations where multilingual communication takes place. The discussion in this paper focuses on those cultural communication contexts in which the cultural code-switching is used as a response to various gender facets in both public and private spheres. Food, that has become one of the most visible parts of both public and private domains of the human existence in the 21st century enters all aspects of the intercultural communication that is performed in smaller and larger social groups and its existence, production, distribution, consumption and representation are directly linked with gender perspectives.
Covid-Related Issues Visual Representation in British and American Cartoons
Authors: Pavlina Svetlana Yu.
Published: October 2021

http://philjournal.ru/en/issues/Current%20Issue/?ELEMENT_ID=2131
Axiological Component of Paroemias: Specificity and Role in Intercultural Communication
Authors: Privalova Irina V.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the axiological component of verbal units that comprise the paremiological funds in languages with different structure. The content of proverbs and sayings reflects cultural specificity along with the values adopted in a particular ethnic community. The analysis of 865 examples presented in the Russian, English, French and Latin languages has confirmed the hypothesis that the values of people are vividly reflected in paroemias. The author’s conception of “axiological component” has been clarified. Axiological component is understood as the value associated with the assessment included into the semantics of a paremiological unit. The semantic component of paroemias manifests itself in determining the value of an object or phenomenon in relation to other objects or phenomena. Also, it may reflect the work of categorization and classification mechanisms. The idea of axiological component correlation with the hierarchy of the value system (described by one of the founders of axiology H. Rickert) predetermines the novelty of this research. It is concluded that paroemias can be classified based on the content of the axiological component. The following groups have been singled out: behavioral instruction, basic life values, object assessment, subject assessment and assessment of the subject’s behavior. The didactics of paroemias can be expressed in explicit and implicit forms, but one way or another, it is present in every verbal unit. The value component is a serious obstacle in successful interaction; therefore, a projective analysis of the functioning of paroemias under the conditions of intercultural communication has been carried out.
Communicative Cyberpersonality Types of Aggressive Behaviour as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon
Authors: Loutovinova Olga V.
Published: October 2021

The paper deals with communicative cyberpersonality types of aggressive behaviour as a cross-cultural phenomenon. The aim of the article is to distinguish and differentiate communicative cyberpersonality types of aggressive behaviour ssupported by such characteristics of the communicative cyberspace as globalism, virtuality, and anonymity. The relevance of the current investigation is determined by a constantly growing role of computer-madiated communication in a modern person’s life, by the appearance of new types of the Internet users’ interaction, by the display a communicative personality’s new qualities and by the necessity of giving a scientific background to all these appearing and changing phenomena. The analysed material comprises dictionary definitions and modern Russian an English texts selected by the continuous sampling method from different Internet genres, such as forums, blogs, social nets, web-chats, which reflect destructive speech products. The overall number of investigated material is 600 units. The material is analysed using such methods as introspection, conceptual modelling, interpretative analysis and contextual analysis. The analysed material shows that not any naming means of aggressive behaviour in a cyberspace can become a name for a communicative personality type. Communicative personality type should be distinguished on the clear lexicographical representation underlying the concept, its own communicative intensions, definitely chosen communicative strategies and tactics, certain modality and verbal and non-verbal means. Taking into consideration these characteristics one can distinguish the following communicative cyberpersonality types of aggressive behaviour: troll, holy war maker, hater, cyberbuller/cyberbully (cybermobber), shamer (blamer), griefer, cyberstalker.
The Non-Prototypical Taxis and Interlanguage Variability
Authors: Arkhipova Irina V.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to consider the issue of actualizing of the categorical semantics of the non-prototypical taxis of simultaneity in German, Russian, Dutch, English and Polish. The study was conducted on the material of different structural languages within the framework of comparative typological and functional grammatical approaches to the study of taxis meanings, taking into account the phenomenon of interlanguage variability. The non-prototypic taxis of simultaneity is the secondary taxis of simultaneity, which is actualized in statements with taxis prepositions of adverbial semantics (conditional, causal, concessive, consecutive, final, modal, instrumental, medial) in German, Russian, Dutch, English and Polish. Taxis prepositions are distinguished by their interlanguage variability and polyfunctionality. They mark the semantics of the secondary taxis of simultaneity, in particular the causal, conditional, modal, concessive, consecutive, final and conditional taxis in German, Russian, English, Polish, Dutch, as well as the categorical semantics of the instrumental/medial taxis in Germanic languages: German, English and Dutch. Within the framework of this study, we distinguish the following variants of the non-prototypical taxis of simultaneity: modal taxis (secondary taxis of manner), conditional taxis, causal taxis, consequential taxis, concessive taxis, final taxis in German, English, Dutch, Russian and Polish, as well as instrumental and medial taxis in German, English and Dutch. The examined statements represent such secondary taxis categorical situations of simultaneity as: secondary taxis categorical situations of the manner, conditional-taxis, causal-taxis, concessive-taxis, consecutive-taxis, final-taxis (in German, Russian, English, Polish, Dutch), as well as instrumental-taxis and medial-taxis categorical situations of simultaneity (in German, English and Dutch).
Historiography as a Subject of Conceptual and Axiological Analysis (Based on Sources about MICHEL MONTAIGNE)
Authors: Rayskina Valeriya A.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the procedure and results of conceptual and axiological analysis based on sources related to life and work of the XVIth century writer, humanist, and philosopher Michel Montaigne. The aim of the conceptual and axiological analysis is to identify notional, ontological, and value-based categories in the prepared historiographical corpus. The analysis was based on Russian, English, French, Italian, German, and Ukrainian texts related to scientific and historical discourse of various themes but united in personality of M. Montaigne. The study appeals to the term personal historiography introduced and used as textual repertory, which forms a well-balances corpus representing the information about a person in the example of M. Montaigne.
Several conceptual and axiological components are revealed on the paratextual layer. The linguistic-axiological analysis of titles of texts about M. Montaigne aims to reveal recurrent means used to express verbal subjective evaluations and axiological dominants in modern researchers` discourse dedicated to life, work, and art of the Renaissance philosopher. The overall purpose of the multidisciplinary study of titles, which includes lexical, semantical, conceptual, axiological and content-analysis is to classify concepts, representing central concerns of Montaigne`s researchers, but also to identify axiological dominants of these researches. The analysis resulted in the determination of several basic concept fields perceived as set of concepts` representations with common features. All the recurrent concepts belong to highly various fields: philosophical beliefs; writing; values and anti-values; others; self-identity; intertextuality; politics; physicality; teaching and education. The formed historiographical corpus contains researches focused on all-round reconstruction of personality, creation, ways of thinking, and acts of M. Montaigne. The relevance of the study is ensured by the discovered conceptual multivalence, which indicates the lack of consensus between scientists in the field of M. Montaigne`s personality.
Italian Lexical Interference in the Romanian-Speaking Environment
Authors: Aksenova Anna V.
Published: October 2021

This study focuses on the semantic borrowings, their structure and classification. Borrowings constitute a special layer of vocabulary in terms of both nomination and motivation. It is known that interference is a change in the language system under the influence of another language. The author notes that the phenomenon of interference includes not only the processes of word borrowing (known as lexical borrowing), but also linguistic calque. Borrowings occur because of a more or less direct contact between languages. Special attention is paid to lexical and semantic borrowings, their structure and classification.
It is noted that the borrowed words themselves most often fill the lexical gaps that exist in the Romanian language and are associated with the emergence of new realities. The author analyzes various ways of assimilation of borrowed units.
For centuries, the Romanian language has demonstrated a certain “flexibility” in the morphophonological assimilation of borrowings. On the basis of factual material, it was established that in the case of the Romanian language in the Italian-speaking environment, there is a complete or partial encapsulation of the morphological structure of the word, while its phonetics undergoes a process of adaptation. The borrowed words that do not assimilate are motivated by the novelty of the referent.
Language Transfer: Dominant Channels in Perception
Authors: Datiyeva Yana V. , Tameryan Tatiana Yu.
Published: October 2021

The paper covers a range of issues related to the specifics of Russian language mastering by Indian students studying in English and Russian. The research is based on an integrative methodological platform that combines approaches to multilingualism formation from the standpoint of psychological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, the theory of language contacts, discourse and communication science. The research involves the techniques of psychological and semantic analyses and verbal associations, the methods of contextual analysis and comparison. The material of the paper is the data obtained from online surveys of Indian students who have been studying at universities in North Ossetia-Alania for six years (elementary and pre-intermediate levels of Russian language proficiency). The study is aimed at identifying perception channels that represent the features of foreign students cognitive style in the Russian natural environment, descripting level-by-level interfering influence of native languages and weak interference of English. Based on text fragments and lexical units, vectors and methods of interlingual interference were demonstrated, its leading types were determined, that are phonetic, phonemic, graphemic, phonemic-graphemic, morphological and lexical. The role of English as a communicative mediator is defined.
The analysis done confirmed complex application of auditory, visual and kinesthetic channels at the information input, and revealed the dominance of the auditory perception channel at the information output while learning the Russian language by Indian students. The Indian students cognitive style tends to be simplified through contamination of written and oral speech, compression, abbreviations usage, intensification of associative and semantic links. Strategies for using Internet translation, imitation of mastering the Russian language, literal translation from English into Russian, strategies for the implementation of graphic, phonetic-graphic principles of writing, phonemic and grammatical reduction were identified as the basic communication strategies of Indian students learning Russian.
Interference Phenomena in the Donetsk Regiolect
Authors: Terkulov Viacheslav I.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the description of language interference as the main process in creating the regional identity of the Russian language in Donbass. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that it is the first attempt to identify the role and forms of language interference in the formation of a regiolect, moreover, the object of research of the processes of language systems interaction is the Donetsk diffuse regiolect, which arose on the South Russian language base as a result of interference of closely related languages and regiolects. The stated subject involves the identification of types, zones, models and participants of interference interaction. The purpose of the article is to determine the sources and results of language interference that occurred during the formation of the Donetsk diffuse regiolect. The author uses general scientific and linguistic methods and techniques for analyzing regionalisms, in particular, comparative, descriptive methods, methods of collecting and processing sociolinguistic data, specialized methods for determining regionalisms. The use of basic methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the observation method when considering Donetsk language phenomena, allowed the author to determine the Russian basis of the Donetsk regiolect, its diffuse nature, to justify the implementation in regional modifying the “interference absorption” model of external (different language and different regiolect) and internal (idiom) language phenomena, to establish the language zones of interference interaction, the main language systems that participated in the formation of the Donetsk regiolect, and the degree of their participation in this process. The obtained theoretical conclusions can be used in the study of the regiolects of the territories of late settlement, formed on the basis of closely related languages and regiolects, for example, Russian and Ukrainian, Russian and Belorussian, etc.
Traditions of Mexican Corridos in Rolando Hinojosa’s “The Valley” and “Klail City”
Authors: Baranova Maria I.
Published: October 2021

The paper dwells on the traditions of Mexican and Mexican-American ballads called “corridos,” such as “Ballad of Gregorio Cortez,” in the novels of Texas writer Rolando Hinojosa. Corrido that emerged in the XIX century and continues developing today is a unique phenomenon of Mexican and Mexican-American literature. It serves as a worthy material for understanding the problems of cultural interaction, cultural border and multiculturalism. The paper aims at defining the role of corridos in the fictional world of Rolando Hinojosa, the novels “The Valley” and “Klail City” were taken to be analyzed. It gives a brief overview of the genre development based on the key works of the top scholars who study corridos in Russia and abroad. The article also dwells on the creation of the corrido about the folk hero Gregorio Cortez. There is a hypothesis proposed to explain Hinojosa’s decision to opt for the Mexican ballads: the writer was averse to the didactic and propagandistic ideas of Chicano literature of that time which prompted him to use corridos as a means of the hidden moral. Traditional corrido motifs such as revenge, injustice and social inequality are analyzed. The article concludes that in Hinojosa’s polyphonic and fragmented novels, corrido type stories perform plot-forming and compositional functions, direct the reader’s perception.
The Pragmatics of Cultural Codes in Literary text
Authors: Kuznetsova Anna V.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the pragmatic specificity of the cultural codes’ representatives in the literary text containing foreign language inclusions. Pragmatic approach in history and criticism of literature allows to identify the features of the decoding copyright process, their impact on the reader, as well as describe various language products and methods for coding literary communication as a whole. Ethnic identification, equated, including in person axiology, dictates the search for deep patterns in texts containing foreign language inclusions. The complex nature of such literary text is determined primarily by the fact that such text manifests assimilation aspects of the literary personality of cultural codes of other national affiliation. The consequence of the use of such lexical components is the actualization of markers of lingvoculture and deepening the pragmatic potential of the literary text. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to establish the status of cultural codes in the organization of the semantic space of literary text, in the transmission of cultural meanings, meaningful both in the individually-copyright picture of the world and in the functioning of the collective consciousness of the nation. The purpose of the article is to determine the pragmatic specificity of cultural codes in the literary text, influencing the receptive-interpretative activity of the reader, on the example of the implementation of foreign language inclusions as markers of cultural codes in the essay “Caucasian” (1841) and the fairy tale “Ashik-Kerib” (1837) by M.Yu. Lermontov. As a carrier of the world national painting, the author of the literary text, in the event of a certain literary plan, is able to use the means of two languages, and the individual-author’s picture of the world of such a literary personality is characterized by the dynamism determined by the representation of linguistic components, which also include foreign language inclusions (orequivalent vocabulary (realities, exotic, ethnographs)). The literary text, which presents other-speaking inclusions, specially reflects the historical, socio-political, cultural and ethical being of the ethnos, which ultimately determines the author’s desire to expand the aesthetic opportunities of cultural codes marked in a special way in such a text.
Gender and Genre: From the Female Bildungsroman to the Postfeminist Coming-of-Age Novel
Authors: Šnircová Soňa
Published: October 2021

The paper draws attention to the fact that the introduction of gender perspectives into the studies of the Bildungsroman, or novel of development, has opened up the possibility of delineating specific female versions of the genre, ranging from the classic female Bildungsroman, through the feminist Bildungsroman to the postfeminist coming-of-age novel. The following discussion of heroines in British novels of development focuses on the changing socio-cultural factors that have influenced the representations of women’s emancipatory struggles in works by female authors over recent centuries. The selected examples reveal that the transformations of the classic female Bildungsroman which emerged in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have brought about a series of significant innovations that include not only new types of heroines whose self-realization can be achieved in ways unthinkable for their eighteenth- and nineteenth-century predecessors but also more significant thematic and formal variations on the genre.
Enjambement in the Mounted Lyrical Poetry: the Untranslatable Translated?
Authors: Dreeva Dzhanetta M.
Published: October 2021

The article is aimed at studying some features of translation strategies used to convey the expressive potential of a poetic text with elements of mounting techniques, viewed through the prism of the rhythmic-syntactic level of organisation of the poetic text. The subject of analysis is enjambement, or verse (poetic) transference, which is a “dissonance” between the rhythmic division of poetic speech into poetic lines and the syntactic division of verbal material into syntagmas in verse, thereby affecting the rhythmic structure of the text. The poem by H.M. Enzensberger (born in 1929), “verteidigung der wölfe gegen die lämmer”, as well as the translation of the specified poem into Russian (“Protection of wolves from sheep”) made by Lev Ginzburg (1921-1980), are used as the factual material. The original poem is written in free rhythms and includes elements of mounting techniques. To achieve this goal, a complex methodology has been applied, which, in addition to structural-descriptive and comparative analyses, also involves elements of linguopoetic and linguo-stylistic approaches. The relevance of the presented work is primarily due to the translation perspective of the study, which required the involvement of the main provisions of the theory of dynamic equivalence by E. Nida, secondly, – to the fact that translation strategies are considered in terms of intercultural interaction, i.e. taking into account the culturally specific characteristics of the bearers of the source and target languages. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion has been made about the special role of verse transferences in the mounted lyrical poetry of H.M. Enzensberger, which are engaged in the creation of the “defamiliarisation” effect at the appropriate micro-level of the lyrical work. A comparative analysis of the texts in the source language and the target language indicates that the application of the main provisions of the theory of dynamic equivalence, as well as the relevant linguistic aspects of intercultural communication when translating poetic works, contributes to a most accurate preservation of the aesthetic effect and of the expressive potential inherent in the original poetic text with elements of mounting techniques.
Metaphoric Power as a Culturally Determined Characteristic of Discourse
Authors: Guruleva Tatiana L. , Kalinin Oleg I.
Published: October 2021

In the process of intercultural communication, it is important not only to identify the features of the communicative behavior of representatives of a certain ethnic group, but also to comprehend their nature. Research in cognitive linguistics can help meet this challenge by expanding the understanding of the relationship between language, culture and thinking. One of the tools for rethinking this relationship is metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon, reflecting the culturally conditioned experience of human interaction with the outside world in linguistic form. The purpose of the article is to study metaphoricity as a culturally specific characteristic of discourse. The key method used in the research was the complex analysis of metaphoricity of discourse aimed at the comprehensive study of the functioning of metaphorical models in the text. The method is based on the calculation of a set of indices: the strength of the metaphor (according to K. de Landtsheer), the functional typology of metaphors, the external and internal metaphoric power of the text. The material of the research included texts representing political, official and mass media discourses in Russian, Chinese and English, with a total of 255,119 words. The metaphoricity of the texts was determined by calculating the indices, which made it possible to quantitatively measure the intensity, density and dominant functions of the metaphor. As a result of calculating the indices, it turned out that the metaphoricity of texts attributed to the same type of discourse in different languages, while united by common pragmatic and extralinguistic characteristics, differs: texts in Chinese have a higher density of metaphors. It was revealed that this dependence is culturally determined. It is concluded that the higher density of metaphors in the Chinese language is explained by the specifics of the Chinese linguaculture represented in different aspects of the language, as well as the construction of Chinese discourse. Its specific features are first of all determined by the syllabic type of the Chinese language and the verbal-syllabic type of hieroglyphic writing, and, secondly, by the peculiarities of Chinese cultural thinking. The increased metaphoricity of discourses in Chinese also correlates with the collectivist type of Chinese culture and its long-term orientation.
What, where, when, what for and how? (Reflections on Pragmatic Adaptation)
Authors: Petrova Olga V.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the problem of choosing ways and means of pragmatic adaptation in translating a text. The relevance of the topic is due to the necessity to facilitate cross-cultural communication in view of the increased intensity and diversity of forms of international contacts. The definition of pragmatic adaptation as the actions of a translator aimed at adapting the source language text to its perception by a recipient belonging to a different culture, does not answer the questions of when and how a translator can and should change the text in order to preserve the pragmatic potential of the original. The aim of the article is to analyze the problems arising in translating texts requiring pragmatic adaptation and evaluate the impact of different types of pragmatic adaptation on reproducing the pragmatic potential of the original and achieving the possible purposes of translation. In order to do it an experiment was carried out: a text was translated in four different ways with different means used for its pragmatic adaptation, and the translations were compared. The results of the experiment show that the choice of pragmatic adaptation methods and techniques is determined not by the type of text or the type of adaptation, as is usually believed, but by the specific purpose for which the text is translated. Thus, when translating a literary text, which always contains factual, conceptual, emotional, aesthetic, and cultural information, the choice between the naturalness of the text, the preservation of the author’s style, the completeness of the content and the communication of culturally relevant information means, in fact, setting different accents. The means of pragmatic adaptation used by the translator depend entirely on the prioritization of these types of information, in other words, on the purpose of translation.
Interpretatorische Algorithmen der Textanalyse aus didaktischer Sicht (am Beispiel deutscher Volksmärchen)
Authors: Zaseeva Galina M. , Kondakova Elena A.
Published: October 2021

Der Aufsatz thematisiert das Verstehen fremdsprachiger Texte als eine der Schlüsselkompetenzen in der Germanisten-Ausbildung. Es wird sprachlichen Signalen nachgegangen, die der Text dem Rezipienten zur Verfügung stellt, um ihm den Zugang zu Textsinnen zu gewähren. Der zu untersuchende didaktisch angelegte Schwerpunkt ist für die Lehre von fremden Sprachen und Kulturen von großer Relevanz und besagt, dass Textverstehen im Fremdsprachenunterricht konsequent geschult werden soll. Im Aufsatz wird die interpretativ angelegte Herangehensweise an Texte mit impliziten Informationen zur Diskussion gestellt und das methodisch-didaktische Verfahren für Steuerung der rezeptiven Vorgänge im Deutschunterricht für Anfänger-vorgeschlagen. Eines solcher Zeichen, die verifizierbare Lesarten, von Studierenden aufgestellt, geltend macht, sind Sprichwörter als komplexe linguistische Entität und Träger kulturell relevanter Informationen. Am Beispiel der deutschen Volksmärchen in Bearbeitung von E. M. Arndt („Halt den Mittelweg!“), von den Brüdern Grimm („Der Nagel“) sowie von L. Bechstein („Bruder Sparer und Bruder Vertuer“) wird das textanalytische Verfahren vorgeführt, indem sich der Rezipient auf die in Märchen-Texte eingebetteten Sprichwörter in der Funktion des kognitiven “Schlüssels” stützt. Hierzu treten Sprichwörter als „Behälter“ soziokulturellen Wissens um ethische Normen und Wertvorstellungen auf. Im Bewusstsein des Rezipienten als mentale Einheiten gespeichert, werden die Sprichwörter vom ihm auf der formal-grammatischen und lexikalisch-semantischen Ebene mit Propositionen des Märchens als einer belehrenden Gattung in Korrelation gebracht. Dadurch wird Studierenden der Zugang zu verschlüsselten Botschaften gebahnt. Die vorgenommene Untersuchung wurde anhand der Methode der linguistischen Analyse, der Content-Analyse, der analytisch-hermeneutischen Methode und der Methode unausgelesener Stichprobe bei der Datenerhebung durchgeführt.
Im Aufsatz wird ein Verfahren der linguokognitiven Analyse des Märchens als Genre der Folklore mit moralisierendem Hintergrund vorgeschlagen. Des Weiteren folgen didaktische Empfehlungen zur Wahl der Märchen-Texte zwecks deren Interpretation unter Einbezug der Sprichwörter und mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Sprachniveaus der Studierenden.
Linguistic and Cultural Study of the Implicit Negation in Spanish
Authors: Zykova Svetlana A.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the category of negation in Spanish as one of the most important components of its culture. Being a language universal and a fundamental category of any culture, negation realizes a great variety of communicative functions. Their study leads to a better understanding of the communicative behavior of the foreign culture representatives. The article presents different points of view on the nature of negation, by analyzing and summarizing different approaches made by different scientists all over the world to the study of this linguistic phenomenon, thus highlighting two main aspects of investigation of negation: formal (syntactical) and conceptual (communicative). When functional capacity of the category in forming negative meanings within real communicative process is studied, the importance should be given to the cognitive and pragmatic features, irrespective of the set grammar rules of negation. In this connection, the article analyzes those forms of negation which are not expressed grammatically. The author has selected and analyzed a number of speech patterns, conveying negative meanings in the process of communication and the following groups were singled out among them: affirmative exclamation, rhetorical question, ironic response. The author stresses that in spite of being manifested at all levels of the language, the implicit negation does not have any fixed marker of expression and it’s always difficult to differentiate it in the context. However, its profound study will help to understand better the communicative behavior of the foreign-language speaking participants in the dialogical interaction. The article examines the comparative aspects of the negation study at the confluence of Russian and Spanish speaking cultures, spotting the differences in the linguistic world pictures.