bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Status and Future of the Strawberry Industry in the United States
Authors: Samtani Jayesh B. , Rom Curt R. , Friedrich Heather , Fennimore Steven A. , Finn Chad E. , Petran Andrew , Wallace Russell W. , Pritts Marvin P. , Fernandez Gina , Chase Carlene A. , Kubota Chieri , Bergefurd Brad
Published: January 2019

Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production practices followed by growers in the United States vary by region. Understanding the challenges, needs, and opportunities in each region is essential to guide research, policy, and marketing strategies for the strawberry industry across the country, and to enable the development of general and region-specific educational and production tools. This review divided the United States into eight distinct geographic regions and an indoor controlled or protected environment production system. Current production systems, markets, cultivars, trends, and future directions for each region are discussed. A common trend across all regions is the increasing use of protected culture strawberry production with both day-neutral and short-day cultivars for season extension to meet consumer demand for year-round availability. All regions experience challenges with pests and obtaining adequate harvest labor. Increasing consumer demand for berries, climate change-induced weather variability, high pesticide use, labor and immigration policies, and land availability impact regional production, thus facilitating the adoption of new technologies such as robotics and network communications to assist with strawberry harvesting in open-field production and production under controlled-environment agriculture and protected culture.
Fazer Extensão no semiárido: o caso do Campus Icó da UFCA
Authors: Silva Wagner Pires da , Barbosa Erlene Pereira , Alexandre Jucieldo Ferreira
Published: January 2019

Com a expansão das universidades federais para o sertão nordestino a população passou a ter acesso às ações de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão desenvolvidas por essas instituições. A Universidade Federal do Cariri – UFCA, criada em 2013, instalou um campus em Icó, cidade do interior cearense distante 365 km de Fortaleza e distante 150 km da sede da Universidade, com a clara intenção de dialogar com a comunidade sertaneja. O curso de história ofertado pela UFCA na cidade, uma das mais antigas do Ceará, através do curso de extensão Entre as Páginas da História do Icó, procura, através dos registros históricos da cidade, dialogar com a população, procurando entender o passado do município e assim valorizar e proteger seu patrimônio histórico e cultural, representado pelo sítio urbano tombado pelo IPHAN. Este trabalho procura apresentar por meio do estudo de caso de um dos projetos de extensão, como a unidade acadêmica em implantação em Icó está buscando se inserir na realidade da sociedade.
ESTUDO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE EM AGROECOSSISTEMAS ORGÂNICOS NA AMAZÔNIA MATO-GROSSENSE, BRASIL
Authors: Proença Inês Caroline de Lima , Massaroto João Aguilar
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo visa inferir as condições do ideal de sustentabilidade em agroecossistemas orgânicos de base familiar no município de Alta Floresta/MT. Foram avaliados os atributos dos agroecossistemas produtivos familiares, por meio da mensuração de 26 indicadores de sustentabilidade em cinco unidades produtivas orgânicas, utilizando como ferramenta a metodologia “MESMIS” (Marco para Avaliação de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturais Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidade). Verificou-se que a riqueza de espécies manejadas nos agroecossistemas orgânicos familiares amazônicos é um fator chave de sucesso na manutenção da sua resiliência e estabilidade. Por outro lado, notou-se como imprescindível a necessidade de adoção de técnicas agroecológicas, uma vez que estas interferem diretamente na autogestão dos agroecossistemas.
A segurança do paciente no ensino profissionalizante: relato de uma campanha
Authors: Sousa Neto Adriana Lemos , Lima Junior Antônio José José , De Souza Rayany Cristina
Published: January 2019

A segurança do paciente é um componente essencial para a qualidade do cuidado em saúde. No Brasil, em abril de 2013, foi lançado o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente (PNSP) que tem impulsionado ações em todo território nacional para o alcance de um sistema de assistência à saúde mais seguro. Esse relato tem o objetivo de descrever a realização de uma campanha, realizada durante o mês de abril de 2017, nas escolas técnicas de enfermagem da cidade de Uberlândia, onde foi ofertado palestras com o enfoque no PNSP. Durante a campanha foi discutido a identificação e prevenção de eventos adversos e promoção da cultura de segurança, de modo a contribuir para a formação do técnico de enfermagem, uma vez que muitos não conheciam o PNSP. A segurança do paciente deve ser incisivamente revisada entre alunos e profissionais da saúde por meio de educação continuada e inclusão do tema nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos relacionados à saúde.
Avaliação da atuação dos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar em Municípios Tocantinenses
Authors: Santos Viviane Ferreira , Pires Caroline Roberta Freitas , Fialho Cláudia Jaqueline , Ferro Lisandra Lustosa
Published: January 2019

O Conselho de Alimentação Escolar (CAE) foi instituído para acompanhar e fiscalizar o cumprimento das diretrizes estabelecidas para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar - PNAE e a correta aplicação dos recursos financeiros destinados ao Programa. Diante da importância deste órgão deliberativo este trabalho tem como propósito a avaliação da atuação dos conselhos de alimentação escolar de municípios do estado do Tocantins assessorados pelo Centro Colaborador em Alimentação e Nutrição. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-quantitativo, realizado com os presidentes dos CAEs de 11 municípios do Tocantins. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se de um questionário semi-estruturado, constituído de questões fechadas e exploratórias elaborado pelo FNDE. Mais da metade dos CAEs alegam não serem conhecidos na comunidade escolar, 90,9% dos conselhos afirmam que o município possui de lei de criação do CAE, 100% dos conselhos não elaboram plano de ação anual e 72,7% dos conselhos não têm conhecimentos dos repasses financeiros. Nos 11 municípios monitorados no Tocantins, verificou-se uma necessidade de formação e aprimoramento nas ações que envolvem o conselho de alimentação escolar, reforçando a importância e necessidade das assessorias e monitoramentos aos municípios tocantinenses, para cumprimento das ações do PNAE.
Os professores e as cidades (in)visíveis: conhecimentos gerados num processo de produção audiovisual coletiva
Authors: Franco Leal Giuliana , Nogueira Costa Rafael
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo aborda analiticamente resultados de um projeto de extensão universitária de formação continuada de professores da educação básica. Voltada para professores da rede municipal, a oficina discutiu os aspectos visíveis e invisíveis da cidade onde ocorreu e culminou na produção colaborativa de um documentário sobre o tema. Exploramos, neste texto, as visões da cidade expressas pelos professores e suas relações com o processo educativo. Percebeu-se forte sensibilização dos professores com as populações e trabalhos invisibilizados - incluindo seus alunos e o próprio trabalho docente.
Evaluation of four microbial bio-effectors for growth promotion and nutrient acquisition in bambara nut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (Fabales: Fabaceae) without mineral fertilization
Authors: Oyewole O. O. , Oladele Segun , Awodun Moses , Ajala Rasheedat
Published: January 2019

This study seek to evaluate the potential of four BEs (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Rhizobium and Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF)) without complementary inorganic fertilizer in promoting plant growth and nutrient uptake in contrasting soil types. Field studies set up in completely randomized design (CRD) were conducted in Southwestern Nigeria using bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (Fabales: Fabaceae) as test crop sown on a sandy loam and clay loam alfisol. Result indicates that performance of inoculated BEs in improving bambara nut growth and nutrient uptake did not differ according to soil types. Promising results were obtained with all BEs with Rhizobium, AMF and Azospirillum showing exceptional performance respectively across all measured parameters. These BEs are recommended for adoption by local farmers in the study area to optimize bambara nut performance with the aim of reducing dependence on inorganic fertilizers and improving fertilizer use efficiency.
AFRICA: A POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CONTINUED CRISIS
Authors: Bush Ray
Published: January 2019

This article deepens critique of the Africa rising trope and the policies promoted by neo liberals to promote development on the continent. It revisits the economic growth literature and it shows how the weakly formulated views about African growth are merely self serving of limited, mostly western, investment interests that remain centred on extractive economies rather than helping to promote sustainable structural transformation with added value that can be retained in Africa. There have always been periods of economic growth in Africa but opportunities for this to be sustained do not lie with greater integration with the world economy. Instead they lie with, among other things, local political and economic struggles in Africa for greater democratic control of capital accumulation.

KEYWORDS: AFRICA; POVERTY; UNDERDEVELOPMENT; INDUSTRIALISATION
SIMBOL WAKTU DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI ASMARADANA KARYA GOENAWAN MOHAMAD
Authors: Efendi Anwar
Published: January 2019

Goenawan Mohamad’s poems have interestingcharacteristics especially in the use of idiomatic and symbolicexpressions related to the dimension of time. In addition, his specialthematic choices involving human beings within the frame of thetime flow enable his poetry to say many things.It is the nature of human beings to be between a beginningand end points in time, the former signifying a process from beingnonexistent to being existent at birth and the latter from beingexistent back to being nonexistent at death. A description of time aspart of human beings’ journey of life is what is often presented inGoenawan Mohamad’s poems.Keywords: time, monochronic, polychronic
INCORPORATING ACTIVE-READING HABIT IN ENGLISH CLASSES OTHER THAN ENGLISH DEPARTMENT CLASSES
Authors: Sutrisno Adi
Published: January 2019

Kemampuan membaca teks berbahasa Inggris secarakritis sangat diperlukan oleh mahasiswa karena kemampuantersebut menjadi prasarat penting bagi mahasiswa untuk menggalipengetahuan lebih dalam, yang pada umumnya masih ditulis dalambahasa Inggris. Saat ini ketrampilan membaca teks bahasa Inggrissecara kritis lazimnya hanya diberikan kepada mahasiswa JurusanSastra dan Bahasa Inggris. Dengan melihat kebutuhan yang sama,mahasiswa Jurusan non Sastra dan Bahasa Inggris pun perlu diberibekal ketrampilan membaca kritis. Untuk itu, kelas bahasa Inggrisuntuk jurusan non Sastra dan Bahasa Inggris perlu diarahkan untukmenguasai ketrampilan membaca kritis dengan memperkenalkan‘active reading habit’ kepada para mahasiswanya. Artikel inimengulas tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan ‘active reading habit’dan bagaimana mencangkokkannya dalam kelas bahasa Inggris untukmahasiswa jurusan Non Sastra dan Bahasa Inggris.Kata kunci: Teaching English to Students Other than EnglishDepartment, active-reading habit, reading skills.A. Introduction
PERSPEKTIF IDEOLOGI DALAM WACANA SILANG TUTUR “KONVENSI PARTAI GOLKAR”
Authors: R Syahrul
Published: January 2019

The study on the ideological perspective in this articleuses a critical discourse analysis that views discourse as action byconsidering certain context, historical context, element of power,and ideology. The material of analysis consists of newspaper reportsabout the discourse coming from various figures during the time ofthe Golkar Party Convention from its beginning to Wiranto’s electionas the presidential candidate nominated by the party. The articleshows the emergence, in the reports, of various pro- and contraconventionperspectives coming from figures outside the party aswell as various ideological perspectives brought up by party figuresin their attempts to win the convention as the presidential candidatenominated by the party.Keywords: ideological perspective, party convention, criticaldiscourse analysisA. Pendahuluan
MIMIKRI PRIBUMI TERHADAP KOLONIALISME BELANDA DALAM NOVEL SITTI NURBAYA KARYA MARAH RUSLI (Kajian Postkolonialisme)
Authors: - Hartono
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted by using postcolonialism theory.This study of postcolonialism, focused on mimikri or indigene’simitation to Dutch colonials in Sitti Nurbaya novel by Marah Rusli,intended to uncover and describe some aspect of Dutch colonialismculture which they were imitated by indigene society. This study alsoattempt to describe fiction element that was used by writer to conveyimitation of Dutch colonialism culture.This study showed that ini the novel of Sitti Nurbaya byMarah Rusli was found mimikri to Dutch colonialism which wasexecuted by the characters. They are Sitti Nurbaya, Samsul Bahri,Datuk Maringgih, Arifm, and Bachtiar. Well, the Dutch colonialismculture that was imitated by them are (1) language, (2) feast andequipment of human life (clothes and weapon), (3) work system(trade), (4) artistry (art of music and art of movement), and (5)science. Fiction element that was used by writer to uncover thatmimikri realization is characterization element.Keywords: mimikri, postcolonialism
VERBA BERPREPOSISI DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: - Suhardi
Published: January 2019

A verb with a preposition here refers to a verb with apreposition following it in use. So a verb to be used that way differsfrom a verb phrase; the latter consists of one main element with atleast one other element added to it while the former consists of a verband a preposition with neither being a main element nor an addedelement. Therefore, a verb phrase is endocentric in nature while averb with a preposition is exocentric in nature.A verb with a preposition can be with or without an affix.The affixes commonly used in such verbs are, among others, ber-,ber-an, and ber-kan (as used in, for example, berfungsi sebagai,berkenaan dengan, and berdasarkan atas); di-, di-kan, di-i, anddiper-kan (as used in, for example, dibagi atas, diarahkan kepada,diikuti oleh, and dipergunakan sebagai); me(N)- (as used in, forexample, mengarah pada and mengacu ke); and ter- and ter-kan (asused in, for example, tergantung pada, terdiri atas, and terbedakandari). Meanwhile, the prepositions used with such verbs can be (1)single prepositions without affixes (such as, di, ke, dari, pada, atas,and dengan) or with affixes (such as, sebagai, terhadap, menjadi,and mengenai) or (2) combined prepositions used side by side (suchas, kepada, daripada, ke dalam, and di dalam) or in pairs (such as,antara dan ...; antara dengan ...; and dari hingga ...). In addition,the presence of some prepositions after some verbs (as that in, forexample, berkembang menjadi and berdomisili di) is obligatorywhile that of some other prepositions after some other verbs (as thatin, for example, berbicara tentang, dihadiri oleh, and terdiri atas/dari) is optional.Keywords: verb, preposition, verb with preposition
SERAT SULUK PAWESTRI SAMARIYAH: SEBUAH PENCARIAN TIRTAMARTA DALAM NUANSA KEJAWEN-KRISTIANI
Authors: Prabowo Danu Priyo
Published: January 2019

Manuscripts of Javanese literary texts with a Christian nuance are difficultto obtain. Compared with the development of the Hindu, Buddhism, and Moslemtraditions in Javanese literary culture, that of the Christian tradition is stillrelatively new. Only a few Javanese literary texts with a Christian nuance areassumed to be currently in existence.The writer has in hand a manuscript containing a Javanese literary texttitled Serat Suluk Pawestri Samariyah. Written in the style of tembang macapat, itis to be sung aloud and, according to the year to be guessed from the four-wordedJavanese phrase called a sengkalan there, it was written in 1853 in the Javanesecalendar or in 1921 A.D. and got into print as a book published in 1925 by A. C. Nix Co., Bandung, telling about “toya gesang utawi tirtamarta sarta bab sajatiningpanembah”, or about the life-giving water or tirtamarta and about the essence ofprayers.According to a research on the literature, Serat Suluk Pawestri Samariyahhas never been scientifically studied. So this article attempts to show somethingnew to discover in the Javanese literary tradition by disclosing an acculturation to aChristian nuance in the manuscript in the essence of its content. The word sulukitself, according to the Javanese literary tradition, is at times used to call writingscontaining a mystical mixture of Islamic teachings called Tasawuf and Javaneseteachings called Kejawen. It is opined, however, that in the title of the manuscript itis intended to refer to the Christian nuance in the Javanese context of the text.Keywords: Javanese literary tradition, Christian nuanceA.
KORESPONDENSI PROTO MELAYU POLINESIA, BAHASA JAWA YOGYAKARTA DAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Nurhayati Endang
Published: January 2019

This article is based on a research study focussing on correspondenceamong Proto Malay Polynesian (PMP, for short), the Yogyakarta Javanese dialect,and Indonesian. The research employed a top-down reconstruction analysis.The results of the analysis have indicated that PMP is reflected in theYogyakarta Javanese dialect with the retention of the vowels /a/, /i/, /u/, and /ê/ andthe consonants /b/, /p/, /m/, /t/, /n/, /k/, /K/, /l/, and /s/ and an innovation in thevowels /i/, /ey/, and /ê/ and the consonants /z/, /q/, /b/, /R/, /s/, /S/, and /D/ and thatPMP is reflected in Indonesian with the retention of the vowels /a/, /i/, /u/, and /ê/and the consonants /b/, /p/, /m/, /t/, /d/, /n/, /k/, /K/, /l/, /r/, and /s/ and an innovationin the vowel /i/ and the consonants /q/, /z/, /R/, /D/, /s/, and /S/.Keywords: correspondence, reflection: retention, innovation
KEUTUHAN WACANA “KATA PENGANTAR” DALAM SKRIPSI MAHASISWA
Authors: - Mulyana , Setiawan Teguh
Published: January 2019

Students' final paper generally has a page containing a preface which, interms of form and content, comprises an intact piece of discourse written with anarrative style. The number of paragraphs is in accordance with the contents andmessages the writer delivers to the reader. The paragraphs are designed to containwhat the writer wishes to express to certain respective parties: praises to God,information about the objective of a research the paper reports and the purpose ofwriting the paper, acknowledgements expressing gratitude, the writer's hopes, andinformation about the place, date, month, and year the paper writing is completed.Aspects of discourse completeness that stand out are cohesion, coherence, andtopicalization. Both formal and semantic aspects linguistically weave closeinterrelation forming an integrated and complete wholeness of the discourse.Keywords: discourse wholeness, paper preface
PENGGUNAAN STRATEGI REPRESENTASI VISUAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN APRESIASI PROSA FIKSI
Authors: Pratiwi Yuni
Published: January 2019

The use of a representational strategy in the teaching of prose fictionappreciation could give students more chances to use non-linguistic symbols inexpressing the results of their literature appreciation. The use of non-linguisticsymbols has the power of driving away the boredom students experience in usingthe usual appreciation techniques as well as giving them more chances to createand build their personal meaning in social interaction, enhancing their criticalthinking, and empowering them in giving strong argumentation in enjoyablelearning contexts. The non-linguistic symbols are many in kind. They are, amongothers, colored pie charts, sketches, measuring scale figures, and comic pictures.Keywords: visual
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA JAWA
Authors: - Suwarna
Published: January 2019

Knowledge is not a set of facts, concepts, or methods taken readily,memorized, or remembered. Human beings have to construct it and give itmeaning through real experience. This is the philosophy on which thedevelopment of the contextual approach to teaching and learning is based (thougha more well-known term is contextual teaching and learning or CTL).The approach mentioned above is appropriate for language study becausein learning language the learner always has interactions with the context of thelanguage and continuously constructs the science and experience obtained. Thenthe learner applies the science and experience in real life so that they have ameaning in life.The implementation of the contextual approach in learning Javaneseconsists of (1) the formulation of purposes, (2) the formulation of the steps orscenario of the teaching and learning, (3) the use of media, (4) authenticassessment, and (5) reflection.Keywords: construct, real life, implementation, contextual approach
DIMENSI-DIMENSI KONTEKSTUAL DI DALAM PENULISAN BUKU TEKS PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Suryaman Maman
Published: January 2019

This article is about a study on what basically a lesson book is and how acontextual teaching strategy is applied in writing a lesson book of the languagecalled Bahasa Indonesia. In involving students in language learning and literaryactivity, a competency to be developed is related to how to guide them so that theyare motivated to learn through the lesson book. A basic principle to be paidattention to is that students are able to build up experiences in language and literaryactivities on the basis of their initial experience.The study indicates the following results. First, a lesson book is ahandbook for students at a level of formal education and used as an instructionalmedium related to a certain subject matter (such as Bahasa Indonesia). Second,such a book occupies a very important position as a store of knowledge of variousaspects of life, has a meaningful role in students’ learning achievement, andconstitutes a source of reference for the teacher. Third, that book should contain afoundation for a clear and contemporary viewpoint, materials that are adequate,systematically and gradually composed, presented via methods and means able tostimulate students to read books with interest, having enough depth providingthem with help in solving academic problems, and enabling them to have a chanceto ponder what they have learned, and also evaluation instruments enabling themto know the competency they have achieved. Fourth, the curriculum containsinformation of only the main competencies to be achieved and these still have to beinterpreted, clarified, broken down, completed, enriched, and put together througha lesson book. Fifth, the students, teacher, teaching materials, ways of presentingthem, and exercises are the important components of learning to be accommodatedin a lesson book. Sixth, contextual teaching employs a strategy oriented to effortsof aiding and inspiring students by linking a standard of competency with a realworldsituation. Seventh, the basic principles of a contextual teaching approach areproblem-based learning, context-based learning, difference-based learning,learning based on individuals, learning based on groups, and learning based onauthentic evaluation. Eighth, a contextual teaching strategy could be manifested ina lesson book of Bahasa Indonesia by providing such activities as investigation,exploration, inquiry, model making, construction, and reflection. Ninth, anapplication of such a strategy should be in a concrete form to enable students tobuild up effective new experiences.Keywords: lesson book of Bahasa Indonesia, contextual dimension, contextualstrategy165
KONSTRUKSI INFINITIF DALAM BAHASA JERMAN
Authors: Widodo Pratomo
Published: January 2019

In German syntactic structure, an infinitive verb combines with a finiteverb in a verb phrase or complex verb to perform its function as the predicate of asentence. A syntactic construction which includes an infinitive form is called aninfinitive construction.Infinitive constructions in German are of two types: coherent andincoherent ones. The first type has no syntactic value and can function only as thepredicate of a sentence but the second type has a syntactic value and is a form ofquasi-sub-clause. Both types are found in some syntactic constructions.Keywords: infinitive, coherent, incoherent
PENULIS DAN MAKNA PUISI ANAK DALAM HARIAN KOMPAS MINGGU*
Authors: Nurgiyantoro Burhan
Published: January 2019

The view that poetry is one means of expressing various ideas, thoughts,and feelings applies on both adult poetry and poetry for children, which isnowadays increasingly written and published in, among others, magazines andnewspapers. Today such poetry is also written by children themselves. A study onsixty-five poems for children sampled from the Kompas daily Sunday editions of2005 has revealed that almost all of the poetry has been written by children, with3.1%, 78.5%, and 9.2% of them being, respectively, kindergarten, elementaryschool, and junior high school children (though another 9.2% of them areunidentifiable).The themes of the poems are quite various and all reflect the world ofchildren revealed through their point of view. However, there are certain recurringthemes: nature and the environment, parents and teachers, and animals, all ofwhich indicate children’s closeness to them. Other themes also found are, amongothers, sports and toys, others’ good deed, religiosity, money saving, and honesty.Generally the tone is didactic though the child writer means to invite or urge to dosomething. It indicates the children’s innocence and directness of mind and way ofthinking. Their teachers at school or their parents at home often tell them directly todo something and they just re-express it in the same manner. In poetic aspects, anumber of the poems seem good enough but a part of the others still do not seem tobe already well processed, especially in terms of word choice.Keywords : children’s literature, children’s poetry, child writer, themes ofchildren’s poetry
DUALISM: KOCH’S ENTERPRISE ON AUSTRALIA’S IDENTITY
Authors: Iswalono Sugi
Published: January 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan perubahan nilai yang terjadi diAustralia sebagaimana yang tercermin dalam salah satu karya besar Australia yangberjudul The Year of Living Dangerously karya Christopher J. Koch. Palingtidak, secara garis besar, terdapat dua perubahan nilai besar dalam sejarah nasionalAustralia, yaitu pada akhir tahun 1800-an dan pertengahan tahun 1960-an. Nilainilaiitu berupa pandangan nasionalisme bangsa Australia yang antara laintercermin dalam pencairan jati diri bangsa. Apabila pada tahun 1800-an kiblatmereka ke Inggris, tahun 1960-an bergeser ke Asia, dan tentu saja ke Indonesiasebagai negara tetangga terdekat sebagaimana setting novel tersebut. Hal initerjadi karena pada hakikatnya secara sosio-kultural dan historis antara Australiadan Indonesia adalah sama, yaitu sebagai negara poskolonial.Karya sastra bagaimana pun juga tentu mencerminkan kehidupan danpandang-an kehidupan bangsa sebagaimana yang ter-representasikan dalam karyatersebut. Demikian pula halnya dengan Koch lewat karya yang dibicarakan dalamtulisan ini. Australia secara biologis merupakan negara Barat (Eropa) namunsecara geografis, Timur (Asia). Menyadari hal ini para penulis kontemporerAustralia, termasuk Koch, mencoba untuk meredefinasikan jati diri mereka.Menurut Koch, sebagaimana terungkap dalam novel ini, jati diri Australia adalahjati diri ‘blasteran’ antara Asia dan Eropa. Gagasan Koch ini tentu saja diperolehsetelah dilakukan analisa teks berdasarkan pandangan teori poskolonial sertaberdasarkan sejarah perkembangan bangsa Australia itu sendiri. Untuk mencapaigagasannya itu, Koch memanfaatkan sarana sastra metapor/alegori dalam bentukdualisme yang diwujudkan dalam hampir seluruh aspek penceriteraan, sepertisetting ceritera, judul, teknis penceriteraan dan tokoh ceritera. Yang paling unikadalah bahwa pola struktur ceritera novel ini berdasarkan struktur ceritera wayangkulit, dan Koch mengambil ceritera ‘Rama Nitis’. Disini, gagasan dualisme terasahadir pula sebab dalam ceritera ini dua epos besar disatukan. Dengan demikian,nampak pula bahwa Koch sudah mulai meninggalkan tradisi Barat—dengan tidakmenggunakan mitos Romawi-Yunani dalam alegorinya—dan mulaimenunjukkan pengakuannya sebagai bagian bangsa Timur—denganmemanfaatkan budaya Indonesia (baca Asia) berupa Wayang kulit dalamnovelnya. Tokoh protagonis Koch pun merupakan tokoh alegoris yang terbelahantara Barat dan Timur. Kwan yang bernampilan fisik Asia (Cina) itu adalah wargaAustralia dengan darah campuran Asia dan Eropa. Hamilton yang bermata birudan berambut pirang dan tinggi semampai adalah warga Australia yang berdarahEropa tapi lahir dan dibesarkan di Asia. Secara alegoris, mereka adalah Australiaitu sendiri.Kata kunci : poskolonial (post-colonial), blasteran (hybridity), jati diri bangsa(national identity)
IDIOM SEKSUALITASUALITAS BAGI WANITA JAWA PEDESAAN
Authors: - Suwardi , Widayat Afendy
Published: January 2019

People in rural Javanese communities usually still faithfully make use of Javaneseidioms in expressing matters of sexuality. Javanese idiomatic expressions areamong the means of expressing sexuality which are traditional in nature. Suchexpressions are combinations of terms possessing semantic and cultural meanings.In them eastern ethics are strongly embedded. The use of such ethical idiomsenables rural Javanese parents to inseminate expressions of sexuality withrelatively more ease in feminine members of their society.The use of Javanese idioms is a manifestation of the expression of sexualitysymbolic in meaning. This is justified because the Javanese personality is revealedin the Javanese saying Wong Jawa iku nggoning semu., which means that theJavanese are where symbolism is. Some types of the idioms often used inexpressing feminine sexuality are (1) tembung entar, which is a figurativeexpression, (2) peribahasa, which is an expression describing someone’s act, (3)saloka, which is an idiom in the form of an expression using the name of an objector animal, (4) pepindhan, which is a comparison of a sexual object to anotherobject, (5) panyandra, which is a description of a phenomenon of sexuality, and (6)piwulang, which is a teaching on sexuality. Of these, the first two types are themost often made use of. They are considered comparatively more easilyunderstood by those using them.Keywords: idiom, sexuality, women
AMERICAN INDIVIDUALISM AND ITS AMBIGUITY IN SINCLAIR LEWIS' MAIN STREET
Authors: Wulandari Retno
Published: January 2019

Main Street merupakan salah satu karya terbaik Sinclair Lewis yang penuh nilai-nilai sosial di Amerika terutama mengenai eksistensi diri, feminisme, dan individualisme yang dialami si tokoh utama pada awal abad ke-20. Latar belakang keluarga, lingkungan, serta pendidikan yang diterimanya menjadikan dirinya seorang individualis yang mempunyai pola pikir berbeda dari lingkungannya. Dalam interaksinya dengan lingkungan barunya, yaitu desa Gopher Prairie, Carol Kennicott, si tokoh utama mengalami berbagai benturan yang seringkali berujung pada konflik. Puncak individualisme Carol adalah saat ia memutuskan meninggalkan masyarakat Gopher Prairie dan suaminya untuk mencari kehidupan baru di kota besar yang dianggapnya lebih sesuai dengan cita-citanya. Meski demikian di satu sisi ambiguitas juga muncul dalam dirinya saat ia berada dalam kebimbangan dan akhirnya memutuskan kembali ke masyarakat dan keluarganya. Lewis menggambarkan bahwa individu tidak bisa dipisahkan dari masyarakat karena individu selalu terikat pada norma dan aturan di mana ia tinggal, terlebih jika norma dan aturan itu telah turun temurun. Masyarakat akan melakukan ”tekanan” terhadap orang yang membelot dari norma dan aturan mereka sehingga orang tersebut akan tunduk atau setidaknya melenturkan ideologinya. Kata kunci : individualisme Amerika, ambiguity, konflik, masyarakat
KURIKULUM BAHASA INDONESIA: PROBLEMATIKA DI LAPANGAN
Authors: Yulianto Bambang
Published: January 2019

Those putting KBK/KTSP (short for Kurikulum Berdasar Kompetensi/Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan or the Competency-Based Curriculum/theCurriculum at the Level of Educational Unit) of Bahasa Indonesia into practicestill encounter an abundance of problems in the field. The problems involve itsimplementation in relation to the teachers, the students, and the supportingfacilities. The implementation has indicated (a) the teachers' lack of understandingof the curriculum of Bahasa Indonesia in both the addition of basic competenciesand the concepts of learning concerning linguistic aspects; (b) the teachers'apathetic attitude towards the curriculum because of their desire for uniformityand the increasingly heavier load of their duties; and (c) the teachers' lack ofknowledge of efforts for maximum development of the curriculum such aspracticing authentic assessment, selecting suitable lesson books, and runningremedial and enrichment programs. As an impact of the implementation on thestudents, a sufficiently large number of students feel burdened with KBK becausethey already have many assignments in both their regular and remedial classes. Asan impact of the implementation on the support facilities, it has brought to lightthat regional schools lack the facilities that could meet the demands of thecurriculum.Keywords: KBK/KTSP, teachers' attitude, impacts, problems
MODALITAS KÖNNEN DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA JERMAN
Authors: Triyono Sulis
Published: January 2019

This article is an introduction to the basic concept of using the modality ofk nnen 'can' in German sentences. The k nnen unit of modality functions to revealthe speaker's attitude and has the status of a verb modifier. Modality is divided infunction by some linguists into different areas like epistemic modality, modalitymarkingadverb, and deciderative and optative mode devices.On the basis of the results of a study conducted, it could be concluded thatthe modality unit of können 'can' in a sentence in German has the characteristics asfollows: (1) it is merely an attributive element in a verb phrase rather than a coreone so that if deleted the sentence remains grammatical, (2) its relation to any otherelement is loose in nature, and (3) its position is so firm that it cannot be permutatedwith any other element in a sentence. In addition, in sentences the können modalityvaries in meaning according to sentence context. The meaning expressed by thekönnen modality can be of possibility, ability, or permission.Keywords: the können modality
PERILAKU VERBAL WANITA DALAM INTERAKSI SOSIAL DI PUSAT- PUSAT PERBELANJAAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: - Zamzani , Musfiroh Adkiroatun , Rahayu Yayuk Eny
Published: January 2019

This article is about a study aimed at describing women's verbal behaviorin social interaction at shopping centers at the phonological, lexical, structural, andpragmatic levels and the factors influencing it.The results of the study can briefly be stated as follows. First, theirpronunciation tends to exhibit (a) high tones, (b) the occurrence of lengthening,and (c) a volume varying between loud and low. The factors acting as thebackground are (a) the organs of articulation, (b) cultural factors, (c) situationalcontexts, and (d) functions of utterances. Second, the vocabulary used is partlyhonorific in nature, chosen in the course of respecting their partners in theinteraction, especially in the use of salutations. Third, the structure of the languageused tends to undergo (a) deletions of certain parts considered already commonlyunderstood by the communication participants, (b) contractions in thepronunciation of certain words, and (c) occurrences of salutations at the end ofutterances. The factors acting as the background are (a) the setting of theinteraction, which involves spoken language used face-to-face so that thecommunication participants are in the same situational context, (b) the level offormality of the interaction, (c) the level of the participants' intimacy, and (d)honorific factors characteristic to women. Fourth, pragmatically implicatures tendto be used at certain times. A factor acting as the background is a culture of a highcontext and it functions as an indicator of the speaker's social status or level.Keywords : verbal behavior, social interaction, pronunciation, vocabulary,structure, pragmatic
FENOMENA HOMOSEKSUAL DALAM NOVEL INDONESIA MUTAKHIR
Authors: - Wiyatmi
Published: January 2019

his research is aimed at describing and understanding (1) homosexualityphenomena in the current Indonesian novels, (2) the relationship betweenhomosexuality phenomena with existences of homosexual community inIndonesia., (3) the relationship between homosexuality phenomena with feministschool.To achieve the aims, six novels are analyzed. Those are (1) Larung by AyuUtami, (2) Supernova by Dee (Dewi) Lestari, (3) Mahadewi Mahadewi (4) GarisTepi Seorang Lesbian by Herlinatien, (5) Tabularasa by Ratih Kumala, and (6)Dadaisme by Dewi Sartika.The result of the research shows that (1) the homosexualityphenomena in the current Indonesian novels reflected in theme and characterproblems, (2) this phenomena is related with existences of homosexualcommunity in Indonesia, whom already demmad their existebce in society, and (3)this phenomena is related to feminism, especially radical feminism that influencedin authors creativity.Key word: homosexual, Indonesia novels, feminism
BEBERAPA CATATAN TENTANG BAHASA PEREMPUAN: PERSPEKTIF WACANA KRITIS
Authors: Santoso Anang
Published: January 2019

It is already generally assumed that women possess characteristicsdistinguishing them from men. One of these characteristics is in their languageuse. Women’s language is considered different from men’s. In this context, theterm sexist appears. Sexist language represents women and men differently. Suchlanguage also represents women’s and men’s stereotypes, which is sometimesharmful to both sexes but is more often harmful to women only. Understandingwomen’s language involves at least four perspective. First, women’s language isperceived as a system of representation, meaning that it is a method of stating orverbalizing a certain event, experience, view, and reality in life. Second, women’slanguage is perceived as a site for social struggle containing a variety of women’sideologies. Third, women’s language is perceived as showing women’s corneredposition. Fourth, women’s language is perceived as showing a relation betweenlanguage and gender where there is asymmetry in language representationbetween men and women.Keywords : women’s language, representation, theory of domination, theory ofdifference, gender analysis
DARI KARTINI HINGGA AYU UTAMI: MEMPOSISIKAN PENULIS PEREMPUAN DALAM SEJARAH SASTRA INDONESIA
Authors: - Nurhadi
Published: January 2019

There has been an interesting phenomenon beginning late in the 20stcentury and lasting until early in the 21 century in Indonesian literary history: thegreat number of women writers suddenly producing literary works. In denial of theidea that it has been a phenomenon occurring all of a sudden, there has been aprecedent that could not be ignored: the number of Indonesian women writerscoming into activity far before the 1920s, the period becoming a milestonemarking the start of modern Indonesian literature, itself resulting from an impactof Western acculturation. The impact appeared first in the person named Kartini, awoman writer of some renown, whose achievement in the literary world is oftenunmentioned. The absence of women writers in the past from lists of knownwriters was often related to activities of placing their role on the sidelines by, forexample, not categorizing them writers of literary works or writers of qualityliterature (they being considered merely writers of popular literature) orcategorizing them merely happy-go-lucky writers and not the mainrepresentatives of their generation of writers. One may wonder whether the recentacknowledgement of Ayu Utami in Angkatan 2000 Sastra Indonesia as a pioneerin novel writing has been one of the strategies to bring about something contrary towhat has happened to those women writers in the past. It seems that the recentemergence of the aforementioned great number of women writers has not beenautomatically related to the efforts made by the feminist movement. A writer whohas made efforts for the sake of Kartini’s fate is a male writer: Pramudya AnantaToer.Keywords : women writers, feminism, Indonesian literary history, role ofhistorical writing
PEMBACAAN KRITIK SASTRA FEMINIS TERHADAP BEBERAPA NOVEL INDONESIA MODERN
Authors: - Wiyatmi
Published: January 2019

This article is about a study describing several writers' perspectivestoward the phenomenon of polygamy based on some novels of theirs and theideology of feminism serving as the background of the perspectives. The novelsstudied are Fira Basuki's Biru, Abidah Al-Khalieqy's Geni Jora and PerempuanBerkalung Surban, and Dewi Sartika's Dadaisme.The result of the study indicates the following. (1) There are three patternsof polygamy in the novels. The polygamy in Al-Khalieqy's Geni Jora and Sartika'sDadaisme is conducted openly with the first wife's permission, her inability tohave a baby being the cause, and both wives have good mutual relationship. Thepolygamy in Al-Khalieqy's Perempuan Berkalung Surban is also conductedopenly but with the first wife forced to give permission, the husband not living inharmony with the first wife and having a love affair resulting in the other woman'spregnancy being the cause, and the wives do not have good mutual relationship.The polygamy in Fira Basuki's Biru is hidden polygamy, that is, without the firstwife's permission, with her relationship with the second wife not being good andthat with her husband not having been good, either, causing him to commit theadultery. (2) Based on the novels, the writers' perspectives toward polygamy are asfollows. Abidah Al-Khalieqy's views polygamy as an emergency and it can beconducted with some requirements being met, among which are economicalcondition and a sense of justice, which are to be seriously considered. If thehusband cannot fulfil the requirements, disharmonious relationship will occur,resulting in divorce. Fira Basuki tends to reject polygamy, viewing the husbandconcerned as doing some injustice. The possible resulting hate in the first wifetoward her husband and the second wife may result in conflict and divorce. DewiSartika allows polygamy, depicting characters who can love more than one person(and consequently commit adultery). (3) There are two streams of feminismserving as the background of the writers' perspectives: radical feminism, reflectedin the works of Al-Khalieqy and Fira Basuki, and liberal feminism, reflected in thework of Dewi Sartika. Radical feminism views polygamy as a form of maledomination over females that results in family problems. Liberal feminism tendsto allow polygamy as a form of patriarchal domination; those committingpolygamy do not always have problems resulting from it and polygamy can be asolution for the problem of not being able to have a child from the first wife.Keywords: polygamy, female writers, feminism
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL BUKU PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL
Authors: Suryaman Maman
Published: January 2019

This article is about a research with the objective of discovering a modelfor a course book based on contextual instruction for junior high school classes ofIndonesian. To achieve the objective, in the first phase of the research, that is, in thefirst year, 2007, the research had the specific objective of discoveringmanifestations of contextual instruction to serve as starting points in developingthe model. The research subjects consisted of (1) class instruction, (2) students,and (3) course books of Indonesian.The research results indicated the following. (1) When a constructivestrategy is used, the contextual manifestations are, among others, simpleformulations of objectives, uses of operational verbs, the appearance of themes,the mapping of new experiences, an appropriateness of the strategy and methodfrom the point of objectives and learners’ characteristics, and language suitability.(2) When an inquiry strategy is used, the manifestations are, among others, a matchbetween objectives and thematic basic competency indicators, consideration oflearners’ needs, appropriate selection of media, appropriateness of the strategy andmethod from the point of learners’ needs, hypothesis confirmation or testing, andgain of new experience. (3) When a question-and-answer strategy is used, themanifestations are, among others, apperception, questions and answers,encouragement through questions, and asking resource persons questions. (4)When a modeling strategy is used, the manifestations consist of imitation, givingexamples, making use of examples, and variety of examples. (5) When a learningcommunitystrategy is used, the manifestations consist of the discovery of newexperience, problem-solving through group work, development of selfdependenceas well as collaborative work, communication of learning results toothers, communication of works to others, and ethical formation. (6) When anauthentic-assessment strategy is used, the manifestations consist of variety inmethod of assessment, presentation of work, and work performance. (7) When areflection strategy is used, the manifestations consist of linking learning resultswith benefits for learners, self-development, expansion of experience, pursuit ofmeaning, creation of a feeling of pleasure, support of what one dreams to achieve,and creation of motivation. (8) The anatomy of the course book consists of (a) theintroduction, containing the title of the book, preface, table of contents, andorganization of content, (b) the content, containing the material, materialpresentation, and strategy of presentation, and (c) the conclusion, containing theevaluation, reflection, bibliography, index, and relevant answer keys.Keywords: course book, contextual manifestations and strategies
REALISASI PRINSIP KERJASAMA DALAM SEBUAH INTERAKSI
Authors: - M. Jazeri
Published: January 2019

This article describes the use and the violation of principles of cooperationor maxims. The maxims are used for some purposes. The maxim of quantity isused to express information clearly, to ask for help, and to avoid misunderstanding.The maxim of quality is used to express true information, to argue an opinion, andto make a conclusion. The maxim of relevance is used to find out true informationand to give true information. The maxim of manner is used to express informationclearly and to avoid misunderstanding.The violations of the maxims can be done by means of direct violation,opting out, clashing, and flouting. Such violations have some functions. Themaxim of quality is violated to raise a comic effect, to hide an intention, to flatter,and to hide embarrassment. The maxim of relevance is violated to raise aconversational implicature and to raise a comic effect. The maxim of manner isviolated to hide embarrassment, to raise a comic effect, and to raise aconversational implicature.Keywords: maxims of cooperation, maxim violation