bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
At-Home High-Intensity Interval Training for Individuals with Paraplegia Following Spinal Cord Injury:A Pilot Study
Authors: Linde Margaux B. , Webb Kevin L. , Veith Daniel D. , Morkeberg Olaf H. , Gill Megan L , Van Straaten Meegan G. , Laskowski Edward R. , Joyner Michael J. , Beck Lisa A. , Zhao Kristin D. , Wiggins Chad C. , Garlanger Kristin L.
Published: June 2023

Objective

This pilot study aimed to assess the efficacy of a 16-week at-home high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

Eight individuals (age: 47±11 (SD) years, 3 females) with SCI below the sixth thoracic vertebrae participated in a 16-week at-home HIIT program using an arm ergometer. Participants completed baseline graded exercise tests to determine target heart rate zones. HIIT was prescribed thrice per week. Each training session consisted of six one-minute bouts with a target heart rate ∼80% heart rate reserve (HRR), interspersed with two minutes of recovery at ∼30% HRR. A portable heart rate monitor and phone application provided visual feedback during training and allowed for measurements of adherence and compliance. Graded exercise tests were completed after 8 and 16 weeks of HIIT. Surveys were administered to assess participation, self-efficacy, and satisfaction.

Results

Participants demonstrated a decrease in submaximal cardiac output (P=0.028) and an increase in exercise capacity (peak power output,P=0.027) following HIIT, indicative of improved exercise economy and maximal work capacity. An 87% adherence rate was achieved during the HIIT program. Participants reached a high intensity of 70% HRR or greater during ∼80% of intervals. The recovery HRR target was reached during only ∼35% of intervals. Self-reported metrics of satisfaction and self-efficacy with at-home HIIT scored moderate to high.

Conclusion

Participants demonstrated an improvement in exercise economy and maximal work capacity following at-home HIIT. Additionally, participant adherence, compliance, satisfaction, and self-efficacy metrics suggest that at-home HIIT was easily implemented and enjoyable.
Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme type 2 expression is increased in pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetic donors
Authors: Fignani Daniela , Pedace Erika , Licata Giada , Grieco Giuseppina Emanuela , Aiello Elena , Luca Carmela de , Marselli Lorella , Marchetti Piero , Sebastiani Guido , Dotta Francesco
Published: June 2023

Aims

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), a pivotal SARS-CoV-2 receptor, has been shown to be expressed in multiple cells including human pancreatic beta-cells. A putative bidirectional relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes has been suggested, confirming the hypothesis that viral infection in beta-cells may lead to new-onset diabetes or to a worse glycometabolic control in diabetic patients. However, whether ACE2 expression levels are altered in beta-cells of diabetic patients has not yet been investigated. Here, we aimed at elucidating the in-situ expression pattern of ACE2 in T2D respect to non-diabetic donors which may account for a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in beta-cells.

Material and methods

ACE2 Immunofluorescence analysis using two antibodies alongside with insulin staining was performed on FFPE pancreatic sections obtained from n=20 T2D and n=20 non-diabetic multiorgan donors. Intensity and colocalization analyses were performed on a total of 1082 pancreatic islets. Macrophages detection was performed using anti-CD68 immunohistochemistry on serial sections from the same donors.

Results

Using two different antibodies, ACE2 expression was confirmed in beta-cells and in pancreas microvasculature. ACE2 expression was increased in pancreatic islets of T2D donors in comparison to non-diabetic controls alongside with a higher colocalization rate between ACE2 and insulin using both anti-ACE2 antibodies. CD68+cells tend to be increased in T2D pancreata, in line with higher ACE2 expression observed in serial sections.

Conclusions

Higher ACE2 expression in T2D islets might increase their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection during COVID-19 in T2D patients, thus worsening glycometabolic outcomes and disease severity.
Altered markers of mitochondrial function in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Nickel Kathrin , Menke Mia , Endres Dominique , Runge Kimon , Tucci Sara , Schumann Anke , Domschke Katharina , van Elst Ludger Tebartz , Maier Simon
Published: June 2023

Background

Previous research suggests potential mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in fatty acid metabolism in a subgroup of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), indicated by higher lactate, pyruvate levels, and mitochondrial disorder prevalence. This study aimed to further investigate potential mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD by assessing blood metabolite levels linked to mitochondrial metabolism.

Methods

Blood levels of creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate, pyruvate, free and total carnitine, as well as acylcarnitines were obtained in 73 adults with ASD (47 males, 26 females) and compared with those of 71 neurotypical controls (NTC) (44 males, 27 females). Correlations between blood parameters and psychometric ASD symptom scores were also explored.

Results

Elevated ALT (p = 0.024) and lower CK (p = 0.007) levels were found exclusively in males with ASD compared to NTC, with no such variation in females. AST levels were consistent in both groups. After correction for antipsychotic and antidepressant medication, only CK remained significant. ASD participants had lower serum lactate levels (p = 0.012) compared to NTC, but pyruvate and carnitine concentrations showed no significant difference. ASD subjects had significantly increased levels of certain acylcarnitines, with a decrease in tetradecadienoyl-carnitine (C14:2), and certain acylcarnitines correlated significantly with autistic symptom scores.

Discussion

We found reduced serum lactate levels in ASD, in contrast to previous studies suggesting elevated lactate or pyruvate. This difference may reflect the focus of our study on high-functioning adults with ASD, who are likely to have fewer secondary genetic conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings of significantly altered acylcarnitine levels in ASD support the hypothesis of altered fatty acid metabolism in a subset of ASD patients.
12R-HETE acts as an endogenous ligand of Nur77 in intestine and regulates ILC3s plasticity
Authors: Huang Ningning , Ye Ling , Li Hao , Wei Hongkui , Peng Jian
Published: June 2023

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), a heterogeneous population, are tissue-resident myeloid cells and have an essential role in bacterial infection. Although the plasticity of NKp46-CCR6-double-negative (DN) ILC3s toward the NKp46+ILC3s is an important process in the development of intestinal immunity, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for this process remain poorly understood. Nur77 is an orphan receptor which regulates intestinal ILC3s expansion. However, the impact of Nur77 on the plasticity of intestinal ILC3s remains unclear. Here, we generatedNur77null mice and investigated ILC3s expansion. The deficiency ofNur77inhibited the mouse small intestinal ILC3s expansion and conversion of NKp46-ILC3s to NKp46+ILC3s. We identified that 12R-HETE derived from arachidonic acid (ARA) in mouse intestine is an endogenous ligand of Nur77 and activates its transcriptional activity. The treatment with 12R-HETE promoted the differentiation of NKp46-ILC3s into NKp46+ILC3s by enhancing the T-bet expression, thereby increased IFN-γ production from NKp46+ILC3s, and reduced the susceptibility to bacterial infection in WT, but not Nur77-/-, suckling mice. An integrated analysis of ATAC-seq and Smart RNA-seq showed thatRflnb,Impdh1,Map1s, andGtpbp3might be downstream targeted genes of Nur77 in response to 12R-HETE and mediate the regulation of ILC3s plasticity. In the presence of mycophenolic acid, an inhibitor of IMPDH, 12R-HETE no longer regulated the percentages of RORγt+ILC3s and NKp46+ILC3s. We conclude that 12R-HETE acts as an endogenous ligand of Nur77, and regulates the ILC3s expansion and plasticity, and in turn, gut homeostasis and pathogen defense.
Imposter Phenomenon in licensed physical therapists: prevalence, predictors, and impact
Authors: Anderson Alexandra R. , LaPenna Jamie , Willis Dustin , Chang Alison H.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Determine the prevalence and predictors of Imposter Phenomenon (IP) among licensed physical therapists (PTs) in the United States.

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study utilized an online survey to assess the levels of IP, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction among licensed PTs in the United States and collect their professional and demographic information. Participants were recruited from various physical therapy specialty groups representing a range of professional memberships and certifications. A multivariable logistic regression model examined factors associated with IP presence.

Results

The study sample consisted of 514 PTs [women (66.1%), ≤ 40 years of age (73.2%), White (77.0%)]. The mean IP score was 60.3 (SD: 15.1, range: 19 to 95). 55 respondents (10.7%) had low IP, 196 (38.1%) moderate IP, 215 (41.8%) frequent IP, and 48 (9.3%) intense IP. The prevalence of IP, defined as frequent or intense IP, was 51.2% in our study sample. Having Manager/supervisor experience (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.34-0.90) was associated with a reduced odds of IP presence. Holding a bachelor’s or master’s degree (vs. Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree; OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.07-5.00), a history of or current mental health diagnosis (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.69-4.54), and emotional exhaustion (moderate vs. low: OR=5.37, 95% CI=2.11-13.69; high vs. low: OR=14.13, 95%CI=5.56-35.89) were each associated with an increased odds of IP presence.

Conclusions

IP is highly prevalent among licensed PTs, with more than half reporting frequent or intense IP. Seasoned clinicians with managerial roles seemed to be less susceptible to IP, whereas those with mental health diagnoses, emotional exhaustion, and those without a DPT degree may be more likely to experience IP.

Impact Statement

Given the high prevalence of IP and its potential negative impact on burnout and career advancement, it is crucial to increase IP awareness and provide education on strategies and resources to manage it for licensed PTs.
Two-color coincidence single-molecule pull-down for the specific detection of disease-associated protein aggregates
Authors: Saleeb Rebecca S. , Leighton Craig , Lee Ji-Eun , O’Shaughnessy Judi , Jeacock Kiani , Chappard Alexandre , Cumberland Robyn , Ball Sarah R. , Sunde Margaret , Clarke David J. , Piché Kristin , McPhail Jacob A. , Louwrier Ariel , Angers Rachel , Gandhi Sonia , Downey Patrick , Kunath Tilo , Horrocks Mathew H.
Published: June 2023

The misfolding and aggregation of protein is a characteristic of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The wide range of sizes and structures of oligomers and fibrils generated have previously been studied using single-molecule and super-resolution microscopy. These methods, however, tend to rely on the use of either directly labeled protein, or on the addition of non-specific amyloid stains, such as thioflavin-T. This has prevented the characterization of protein aggregate composition in complex biological samples. Here, we have developed a single-molecule two-color aggregate pull-down (STAPull) assay to overcome this challenge by probing immobilized proteins using orthogonally labeled antibodies targeting the same epitope. By looking at colocalized signals, we can eliminate monomeric protein, and specifically quantify aggregated proteins. Using the aggregation-prone alpha-synuclein protein as a model, we demonstrate that this approach can specifically detect aggregates with a limit of detection of 5 pM. Furthermore, we show that STAPull can be used in a range of samples, including in human biofluids. STAPull is generally applicable to protein aggregates from a variety of disorders, and will aid in the identification of biomarkers that are crucial in the effort to diagnose these diseases.
Genetic Diversity Modulates The Physical And Transcriptomic Response Of Skeletal Muscle To Simulated Microgravity
Authors: Zeineddine Yasmina , Friedman Michael A. , Buettmann Evan G. , Abraham Lovell B. , Hoppock Gabriel A. , Donahue Henry J.
Published: June 2023

Developments in long-term space exploration necessitate advancements in countermeasures against microgravity-induced skeletal muscle loss. Astronaut data shows considerable variation in muscle loss in response to microgravity. Previous experiments suggest that genetic background influences the skeletal muscle response to unloading, but no in-depth analysis of genetic expression was performed. Here, we placed eight inbred founder strains of the diversity outbred mice (129S1/SvImJ, A/J, C57BL/6J, CAST/EiJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, NZO/HILtJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ) in simulated microgravity (SM) via hindlimb unloading for three weeks. Body weight, muscle morphology, muscle strength, protein synthesis marker expression, and RNA expression were collected. A/J and CAST/EiJ mice were most susceptible to SM-induced muscle loss, whereas NOD/ShiLtJ mice were the most protected. In response to SM, A/J and CAST/EiJ mice experienced reductions in body weight, muscle mass, muscle volume, and muscle cross-sectional area. A/J mice had the highest number of differentially expressed genes (68) and associated gene ontologies (328). Downregulation of immunological gene ontologies and genes encoding anabolic immune factors suggest that immune dysregulation contributes to the response of A/J mice to SM. Several muscle properties showed significant interactions between SM and mouse strain and a high degree of heritability. These data imply that genetic background plays a role in the degree of muscle loss in SM and that more individualized programs should be developed for astronauts to protect their skeletal muscles against microgravity on long term missions.
A clinical decision support system for interventional urinary stone management planning
Authors: Bhuphaalan Soorya , Vivekanandhan Sapthagirivasan
Published: June 2023

Urinary stone disease is a very common disease of the urinary tract where excessive mineral content in the kidneys form stones and obstruct the urinary tract, due to which affected patients experience severe pain and uneasiness. Identification of the appropriate interventional stone management method is usually done based on the size and location of the stone. Improper planning of the interventional method can lead to multiple revisits and unnecessary radiation exposure and thus an intelligent clinical decision system to precisely provide a treatment plan is required. In this paper, an intelligent system that recommends an appropriate interventional stone management system is proposed. Stone management data of 600 patients containing information about the stone size, location and the treatment provided to them was used to train machine learning models. The training and testing performance of different machine learning models with the dataset has been compared. Results showed that decision trees and support vector machines showed better results in predicting the right treatment planning method while given necessary inputs (stone size and location). This system can be useful in clinical setups in assisting urologists in planning treatment for urinary stone disease.
A rapid, inexpensive, non-lethal method for detecting disseminated neoplasia in a bivalve
Authors: Vandepas Lauren E. , Crim Ryan N. , Gilbertson Emily , Yonemitsu Marisa A. , Unsell Elizabeth , Metzger Michael J. , Lacy-Hulbert Adam , Goetz Frederick W.
Published: June 2023

Disseminated neoplasia (DN) is a form of cancer in bivalve molluscs that has been reported in some cases to be a transmissible cancer. Neoplastic cells are highly proliferative, and infection is often lethal. Some commercially valuable bivalve species (mussels, cockles, soft-shell clams, oysters) are affected by outbreaks of disseminated neoplasia, making disease diagnosis and mitigation an important issue in aquaculture and ecological restoration efforts. Here we describe a minimally invasive, non-lethal method for high-throughput screening for disseminated neoplasia in basket cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii). Basket cockles are native to the North American Pacific coast from California to Alaska. There is recent concern from some Coast Salish Tribes regarding an observed long-term decline in cockle populations in Puget Sound, WA. This has led to increased interest in monitoring efforts and research to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of observed basket cockle population dynamics, including assessing prevalence of disease, such as disseminated neoplasia. The rapid, non-lethal hemolymph smear screening method presented here to diagnose DN in adultC. nuttalliican be applied at field sites at low financial cost, and in a validation study of 29 animals the results were identical to that of the gold standard method, tissue histology. Due to the similar morphology of DN in different bivalves, this method can likely be generally applied for use in any bivalve species.
Transcriptome based changes in expression of detoxification genes ofBemisia tabaciunder destruxin A treatment
Authors: Zhang Can , Guo Jianling , Ali Shaukat , Qiu Bao-Li
Published: June 2023

Background

Bemisia tabaciis an important agricultural pest that has been causing significant economic losses to crops across the globe. Destruxins are secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi which can be used as a potential biopesticide againstB. tabaci. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism regulating the defense response ofB. tabacipost destruxin application.

Results

In this study, we explored the molecular responses ofB. tabaciexposed to destruxin A (DA) using RNA-Seq and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. A total of 1702, 616, and 555 DEGs were identified inB. tabaciafter 4, 8, and 12 h of destruxin A treatment. In addition, 40 putative detoxification-related DEGs, including 29 cytochrome P450s (P450s), 5 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and 5 carboxylesterases (CarEs) were also identified. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the expression profiles of 19 random DEGs were consistent with the RNA-Seq results.

Conclusion

These findings serve as valuable information for a better understanding of the interaction and molecular mechanisms involved in the defense response ofB. tabaciagainst DA.
Optimization and understanding of corrosion inhibitors for cooling water system
Authors: Li Zimin , Zhu Zilong , Wang Jianqiu , Wang Meng , Hou Ting , Li Qinghua , Yu Pei
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Two corrosion inhibitors for closed cooling water systems, nitrite-based and mixture of nitrite and molybdate corrosion inhibitor, are often compared to each other. This study aims to optimize these two inhibitors in terms of concentration and pH for carbon steel protection, with insights into the double layer structure on surface and its impact on corrosion inhibition.

Design/methodology/approach

Electrochemical analysis including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic test are carried out for quick assessment of corrosion inhibition efficiency and optimization, which is confirmed by immersion test and microscopic analysis. The electronic properties of the surface film are analyzed through Mott–Schottky method which provides new insights into the inhibition mechanism and the role of each component in mixture inhibitor.

Findings

Mixture of nitrite and molybdate is shown to present higher inhibition efficiency, owning to the double layer structure. Nitrite alone can form a protective surface film, whereas molybdate leads to an n-type semiconductive film with lower donor density, hence giving rise to a better inhibition effect.

Research limitations/implications

Surface after inhibitor treatment has been carefully characterized to the microscopic scale, implying the effect of micro-structure, chemical composition and electronic properties on the corrosion resistance. Inorganic corrosion inhibitors can be tuned to provide higher efficiency by careful design of surface film structure and composition.

Originality/value

Almost every study on corrosion inhibitor applies such method for quick assessment of corrosion inhibition effect. Mott–Schottky test is one of electrochemical methods that reveals the electronic properties of the surface film. Previous works have studied the surface layer mainly through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study provides another insight into the surface film treated by nitrite and molybdate through Mott–Schottky analysis, and relates this structure to the corrosion inhibition effect based on multiple analysis including electrochemistry, microscopic characterization, thermodynamics and interface chemistry.
Analysis of the mechanical limitations of the selected high-speed electric motor
Authors: Korkosz Mariusz , Noga Stanisław , Rogalski Tomasz
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The study aims to show the influence of selected mechanical parameters of the rotor on the maximum speed and parameters of the electric motor.

Design/methodology/approach

A simplified mechanical analysis of the rotor of the electric motor was conducted, determining the safety factor of the motor. An analysis of the impact of key rotor parameters (significant from the mechanical strength perspective) on the electromagnetic parameters and the safety factor of the selected high-speed electric motor was carried out. The influence of changes in the rotor’s geometrical dimensions (centrifugal force) on the electromagnetic parameters of the electric motor was shown.

Findings

The study shows the impact of changes in selected rotor parameters on electromagnetic parameters and the safety factor of a high-speed electric motor (at its required operating point of 45,000 rpm). The dependence of the safety factor as a function of the maximum motor speed was determined for the proposed rotor modifications.

Practical implications

The proposed modifications can be used in larger drive systems. They have practically no impact on increasing the value of the motor’s moment of inertia (they do not degrade the dynamics of the motor’s operation).

Originality/value

It was proposed to use a new design coefficient which is in relation to the motor’s safety coefficient. It has been shown that a minimal modification of the motor rotor allows to increase its maximum speed by several dozen per cent (while maintaining the safety factor). It has also been shown that when operating at maximum speed within the safe range, the change in the geometrical dimensions of the rotor hardly influences the change in the value of the centrifugal force.
Entrepreneurial orientation and competitive aggressiveness: A need for conceptual refinement and contextualization
Authors: Al-Harthi Salem , Bachkirov Alexandre Anatolievich , Al-Riyami Said , Al-Jahwari Misida
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relevant literature to gain deeper insights into understanding what directions of research are needed with reference to entrepreneurial orientation and competitive aggressiveness in the oil and gas sector of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a conceptual evaluation of literature.

Findings

The extant body of research on both entrepreneurial orientation and competitive aggressiveness is based on quantitative studies without previous systematic, exhaustive and comprehensive grounded theory-based theorizing processes rooted in qualitative approaches. This accounts for inconsistencies and controversies of findings reported in the field.

Practical implications

The grounded theory-based approach advocated by this paper is likely to generate a more precise estimation of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, competitive aggressiveness and firm performance. Consequently, an accurate understanding of the interplay between these factors can empower managers to make finely-tuned strategic decisions, achieve sustainable competitive advantage and optimally adapt to dynamic and unforeseen environments.

Originality/value

The paper reports on important limitations of the existing literature indicating that current findings may be an artifact of studying a small number of industries.
How entrepreneurial implementation intention moves toward subsequent actions: affordable loss and environmental uncertainty
Authors: He Liang-Xing , Li Teng
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap between entrepreneurial implementation intention and subsequent actions, addressing the isotropic issue under uncertain entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted two rounds surveys, a total of 2,350 individuals are surveyed, and 240 of whom expressed entrepreneurial intention but had yet to start a business comprised the sample.

Findings

This research finds that entrepreneurial implementation intention has a significant positive relationship with subsequent actions, affordable loss mediates the effect of implementation intention on subsequent actions, environmental uncertainty negatively moderates the relationship between affordable loss and subsequent actions, and the indirect effect of entrepreneurial implementation intention on entrepreneurial action can be enhanced at the low level of environmental uncertainty.

Originality/value

This study contributes new insights to the literature on Rubicon model of action phases in entrepreneurship field by using affordable loss and uncertainty. It also contributes to the literature on affordable loss by examining how environmental uncertainty conditions the effect of affordable loss on entrepreneurial action. Additionally, the negatively moderating role of environmental uncertainty offers a new possibility to explain entrepreneurial uncertainty.
Determinants of adoption and usage of the online examination portal (OEP) in Indian universities
Authors: Shirolkar Shweta Devendra , Kadam Rajashri
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the adoption and utilization of the online examination portal (OEP) in Indian universities. This study combines the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT) and Task Technology Fit (TTF) to explain the user's intention to use an OEP at an Indian University.

Design/methodology/approach

This study's methodology combines UTAUT as a theoretical framework with TTF. It is conceptualized that TTF has a moderating effect on UTAUT's primary construct. The authors collected the data from 182 graduate students from an Indian university. PLS-SEM is used to identify the causal relationship between the constructs using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.

Findings

The findings will demonstrate the applicability of the constructs of performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions in influencing the usage intention and behavior of students towards OEP. The outcome will also demonstrate the moderating effect of TTF on the predictors of intention to use OEP at an Indian University.

Research limitations/implications

The sample respondents who participated in the study are students at the Indian University in Pune. The selection of samples was based on convenience sampling. Future research should be conducted at a variety of geographic locations, educational levels, undergraduate and graduate schools, as well as multiple universities. To increase the objectivity of sample selection, the probabilistic sampling method can be used to select samples. For future studies, larger sample sizes (more than 182) can be collected in order to increase the generalizability and applicability of the findings to other developing markets.

Practical implications

The study will aid Indian universities in enhancing the effectiveness of OEP. The study will also demonstrate the users' perception of the portal and their willingness to use it. It will also assist the university administration in finalizing the examination portal's implementation strategy.

Originality/value

Very few studies have been published on the factors influencing the acceptance and utilization of specific online examination systems. To address this underrepresentation, the current article investigates the factors and criteria that influence students' intent to use the OEP. The authors conceptualize the model using UTAUT as a theoretical foundation, which is absent from the published literature on the OEP. The study incorporated UTAUT and TTF to determine the impact on OEP usage and intent. In addition, the study contributes by testing the moderating effect of TTF on the UTAUT variables that influence the intention to use OEP.
Digital resilience and firm internationalization: a study of Chinese listed companies
Authors: Li Zhaochen , Xu Zimu , Sukumar Arun
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The aim of this research is to explore the impact of digital resilience on firms' international performance. Using internal operation efficiency and innovation as channel variables, this paper explores the relationship between digital resilience and international firm performance of Chinese listed firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design follows a quantitative approach. Using firm-level panel data from 2007 to 2020, this paper tests the hypotheses between digital resilience and international firm performance through internal efficiency and innovation.

Findings

The results note that digital resilience has a positive effect on internationalization while operation efficiency is a channel through which digital resilience promotes internationalization. Digital resilience also facilitates innovation by improving research and development (R&D) efficiency and matching innovation collaborators.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the first to explore digital resilience in the context of internalization and international firm performance. This paper extends the notion of resource-based view (RBV) to examine the relationship between digital resilience, internal efficiency and innovation on international firm performance.
General knowledge-sharing and patient engagement in online health communities: an inverted U-shaped relationship
Authors: Meng Fanbo , Liu Yixuan , Zhang Xiaofei , Liu Libo
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Effectively engaging patients is critical for the sustainable development of online health communities (OHCs). Although physicians’ general knowledge-sharing, which is free to the public, represents essential resources of OHCs that have been shown to promote patient engagement, little is known about whether such knowledge-sharing can backfire when superfluous knowledge-sharing is perceived as overwhelming and anxiety-provoking. Thus, this study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the role of general knowledge-sharing in OHCs by exploring the spillover effects of the depth and breadth of general knowledge-sharing on patient engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

The research model is established based on a knowledge-based view and the literature on knowledge-sharing in OHCs. Then the authors test the research model and associated hypotheses with objective data from a leading OHC.

Findings

Although counterintuitive, the findings revealed an inverted U-shape relationship between general knowledge-sharing (depth and breadth of knowledge-sharing) and patient engagement that is positively associated with physicians’ number of patients. Specifically, the positive effects of depth and breadth of general knowledge-sharing increase and then decrease as the quantity of general knowledge-sharing grows. In addition, physicians’ offline and online professional status negatively moderated these curvilinear relationships.

Originality/value

This study further enriches the literature on knowledge-sharing and the operations of OHCs from a novel perspective while also offering significant specific implications for OHCs practitioners.
Transition from work integration social enterprises to ordinary employment in situations of low employability: results of an intervention programme
Authors: Yurrebaso Garazi , Arostegui Igone , Villaescusa Maria
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The transition of people to the ordinary market after completing the due process of a work integration social enterprise is a critical moment that exposes their vulnerability. This paper aims to present the results of an intervention programme designed to support job search efforts and identify the main factors that contribute to this transition.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data on the programme results were collected through administrative documentation and the Employability Factors Scale. Qualitative data were gathered using focus groups and questionnaires to understand participants’ perspectives.

Findings

The levels of employment achieved, improvement in employability and participants’ assessment provided evidence of the programme’s effectiveness. Likewise, having an individual’s support, systematisation of the program and intermediation with ordinary companies were the factors that most influenced the programme results. Therefore, this study confirms the need for personal, systematic, personalised and sustained support over time to facilitate the transition from work integrated social enterprises to ordinary markets.

Originality/value

There are few studies on transitioning from work integration social enterprises to ordinary companies. This study offers a unique view of implementing an employment support programme and its impact on people.
Forest mycorrhizal dominance depends on historical land use and nitrogen‐fixing trees
Authors: Wurzburger Nina , Elliott Katherine J. , Miniat Chelcy Ford
Published: June 2023

Most forests are recovering from human land use, making it critical to understand the effect of disturbance on forest recovery. Forests of the eastern United States have a long history of land use, but it is unknown whether historical disturbances have contributed to their transition from ectomycorrhizal (ECM) to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree dominance. Disturbance may promote nitrogen (N)‐fixing trees in early succession, which can elevate soil N availability even after they die. Higher soil N availability may facilitate the competitive success of AM trees over ECM trees, but such ‘N fixer founder effects’ have not been empirically tested.

Here, we analysed data from three land‐use disturbances in a temperate forest historically dominated by ECM trees: selective‐cutting (ranging from 0 to 52 m2 ha−1), clear‐cutting and agricultural abandonment. These disturbances occurred at different times, but long‐term data capture 3–7 decades of forest recovery.

We found that the AM tree fraction in contemporary forests was 2, 4, and 6‐fold higher following selective‐cutting, clear‐cutting and agricultural abandonment, respectively, compared to forest composition in 1934. Across these disturbances we also observed an increasing abundance of the N fixer black locust immediately following disturbance. Using a simulation model parameterized by data from black locust, we estimated historical rates of symbiotic N fixation to understand the relationship between N fixation and AM dominance in individual plots. We found that N fixation was positively associated with the growth of ECM trees generally, and oak and hickory specifically, only following light selective‐cutting (<12 or <18 m2 ha−1 basal area extraction, respectively). Following higher levels of selective‐cutting and clear‐cutting, N fixation was positively associated with the growth of AM trees, particularly red maple and tulip poplar. Agricultural abandonment led to AM dominance regardless of N fixation rates.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings suggest that common land use practices and black locust, a native N fixer, can reduce the dominance of ECM trees. If N fixers are likely to proliferate following disturbance, we might maintain ECM dominance by cutting trees at low densities and by applying prescribed fire to remove N.
Water quality and adverse health effects on the hemodialysis patients: An overview
Authors: Raimundo Raquel , Preciado Laura , Belchior Rita , Almeida Cristina M. M.
Published: June 2023

Hemodialysis is considered a treatment of choice for patients with renal failure worldwide, allowing the replacement of some kidney functions by diffusion and ultrafiltration processes. Over 4 million people require some form of renal replacement therapy, with hemodialysis being the most common. During the procedure, contaminants in the water and the resulting dialysate may pass into the patient's blood and lead to toxicity. Thus, the quality of the associated dialysis solutions is a critical issue. Accordingly, the discussion of the importance of a dialysis water delivery system controlled by current standards and recommendations, with efficient monitoring methods, disinfection systems, and chemical and microbiological analysis, is crucial for improving the health outcomes of these patients. The importance of treatment, monitoring, and regulation is emphasized by presenting several case studies concerning the contamination of hemodialysis water and the adverse effects on the respective patients.
Translating theories of justice into a practice model for triage of scarce intensive care resources during a pandemic
Authors: Knochel Kathrin , Schmolke Eva‐Maria , Meier Lukas , Buyx Alena
Published: June 2023

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, national triage guidelines were developed to address the anticipated shortage of life‐saving resources, should ICU capacities be overloaded. Rationing and triage imply that in addition to individual patient interests, interests of population health have to be integrated. The transfer of theoretical and empirical knowledge into feasible and useful practice models and their implementation in clinical settings need to be improved. This paper analyzes how triage protocols could translate abstract theories of distributive justice into concrete material and procedural criteria for rationing intensive care resources during a pandemic. We reconstruct the development and implementation of a rationing protocol at a German university hospital: describing the ethical challenge of triage, clarifying the aspirational norms, and summarizing specific norms of fair triage and allocation for developing an institutional policy and practice model and implementing it. We reflect on how critical topics are seen by clinicians and what helped manage the perceived burdens of the triage dilemma. We analyze what can be learned from this debate regarding the difficult issues around triage protocols and their potential implementation into clinical settings. Analyzing the ought‐to‐is gap of triage, integrating abstract ethical principles into practical concepts, and evaluating those should clarify the benefits and risks of different allocation options. We seek to inform debates on triage concepts and policies to ensure the best possible treatment and fair allocation of resources as well as to help protect patients and professionals in worst‐case scenarios.
Multiparametric mapping of white matter reorganizations in patients with frontal glioma‐related epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Simin , Zhao Fei , Yang Xibiao , Tan Qiaoyue , Li Shuang , Shao Hanbin , Su Xiaorui , Gong Qiyong , Yue Qiang
Published: June 2023

Aims

Epilepsy is a common symptom in diffuse lower‐grade glioma (DLGG). The specific role of white matter (WM) alteration in patients with glioma‐related epilepsy (GRE) is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the reorganization of WM tracts and changes in structural networks related to GRE.

Methods

Diffusion‐weighted images were collected from 70 patients with left frontal DLGG (GRE = 33, non‐GRE = 37) and 41 healthy controls (HC). Tractometry with TractSeg was applied to segment tracts and quantify fractional anisotropy (FA) along each tract. Structural network was constructed using constrained spherical deconvolution and probabilistic tractography. FA and network properties were compared among three groups.

Results

Compared with HC, both GRE and non‐GRE showed decreased FA in contralateral inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus II and arcuate fasciculus, increased nodal efficiency in contralateral nodes of frontal–parietal and limbic networks, whereas decreased degree centrality and betweenness centrality in nodes of dorsal temporal lobe and rostral middle frontal gyrus (rMFG). Additionally, when compared GRE with non‐GRE, increased FA in contralateral corticospinal tract (CST) and lower betweenness centrality in paracentral lobule (PCL) in GRE (all p < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction).

Conclusion

This study indicates that patients with left frontal DLGG exhibit complex WM reorganization, and the altered regions mainly concentrated in the language, frontal–parietal and limbic networks. Moreover, the preserved integrity in contralateral CST and server decreased nodal betweenness in PCL may be potential neuroimaging markers underlying the occurrence of presurgical seizures of GRE.
Accuracy of positive airway pressure titration through telemonitoring of auto‐adjusting positive airway pressure device connected to a pulse oximetry in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Foresi Antonio , Vitale Tommaso , Prestigiacomo Rosaria , Ranieri Piera , Bosi Marcello
Published: June 2023

Purpose

In COVID‐19 era, all forms of access of patients to the sleep units should be reduced as much as possible when implementing telemedicine. In the field of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) therapy with positive airway pressure (PAP) devices, telemedicine includes the use of built‐in software (BIS) and storage of PAPs and remote‐controlled data (BISrc data) that are processed and transmitted daily to sleep units.

We compared two methods of evaluating the final residual severity of OSA patients in home PAP titration: BISrc data versus nocturnal portable multichannel monitoring (PM) data in PAP (reference method) and to verify whether the efficacy PAP therapy guided by BISrc data was clinically adequate.

Methods

We conducted a real‐life prospective study in newly diagnosed patients with OSA. Patients used an auto‐adjusting positive airway pressure (AirSense 10 ResMed) with a pulse oximeter that allows daily transfer of BISrc data (apnea hypopnea index [AHI] and SaO2) and remote changes in ventilator setting. Once the PAP titration was completed, the pressure value or ranges were kept constant for 3 days and home PM was repeated.

Results

There were 41 patients with moderate to severe OSA who completed the study. When considering AHI only, the diagnostic accuracy of BISrc on the third day was equal to 97.5%; when considering AHI > 10/h, ODI > 10/h, and SaO2 < 90%, the diagnostic accuracy slightly decreased to 90.2%.

Conclusion

In clinical practice, the two measurement methods are equivalent. The use of BISrc data for home titration would reduce the access to sleep units. We urge that widespread use of BISrc be promoted in the current practice of management of OSA.
Results of the compassionate program of inotuzumab ozogamicin for adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Spain
Authors: Torrent Anna , Morgades Mireia , García‐Calduch Olga , de Llano María Paz Queipo , Montesinos Pau , Navarro Irene , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús María , Bárez‐García Abelardo , González‐Campos José , Oiartzabal Itziar , Valero Marta , Cervera Marta , Zudaire Teresa , Albors‐Ferreiro Manuel , López‐Godino Oriana , Gil‐Cortés Cristina , Villalón Lucía , Saldaña Raquel , Ribera Josep‐María
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The prognosis of relapsed B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is poor and few patients can be successfully rescued with conventional therapies. Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO), an antibody against the CD22 antigen linked to calicheamicin, has been approved as a rescue treatment in relapsed/refractory (R/R) B‐ALL.

Patients and Methods

This was an observational, retrospective, multicenter study of adult patients included in the Spanish program of compassionate use of IO in centers from the PETHEMA group (Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología).

Results

Thirty‐four patients with a median age of 43 years (range, 19–73) were included. Twenty patients (59%) were refractory to the last treatment, IO treatment was given as ≥3rd salvage treatment in 25 patients (73%) and 20 patients (59%) received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation before IO treatment. After a median of 2 cycles of IO, 64% of patients achieved complete response (CR)/complete response with incomplete recovery. The median response duration, progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS) were 4.7 (95%CI, 2.4–7.0 months), 3.5 (95%CI, 1.0–5.0 months) and 4 months (95%CI, 1.9–6.1 months) respectively, with better OS for patients with relapsed B‐ALL versus refractory disease (10.4 vs. 2.5 months, respectively) (p = .01). There was a trend for better OS for patients with first CR duration >12 months (7.2 months [95%CI, 3.2–11.2] vs. 3 months [95% CI, 1.8–4.2] respectively) (p = .054). There was no sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) event during IO treatment, but three patients (9%) developed grade 3–4 SOS during alloHSCT after IO treatment.

Conclusions

Our study showed slightly inferior outcomes of the pivotal trial probably due to poorer risk factors and late onset of IO therapy of recruited patients. Our results support early use of IO in relapsed/refractory ALL patients.
The role of microRNA in psoriasis: A review
Authors: Jiang Xingyu , Shi Rongcan , Ma Rui , Tang Xinyi , Gong Yu , Yu Zengyang , Shi Yuling
Published: June 2023

Psoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease that involves a complex interplay between infiltrated immune cells and keratinocytes. Great progress has been made in the research on the molecular mechanism of coding and non‐coding genes, which has helped in clinical treatment. However, our understanding of this complex disease is far from clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNA molecules that are involved in post‐transcriptional regulation, characterised by their role in mediating gene silencing. Recent studies on miRNAs have revealed their important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We reviewed the current advances in the study of miRNAs in psoriasis; the existing research has found that dysregulated miRNAs in psoriasis notably affect keratinocyte proliferation and/or differentiation processes, as well as inflammation progress. In addition, miRNAs also influence the function of immune cells in psoriasis, including CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells and so on. In addition, we discuss possible miRNA‐based therapy for psoriasis, such as the topical delivery of exogenous miRNAs, miRNA antagonists and miRNA mimics. Our review highlights the potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and we expect more research progress with miRNAs in the future, which will help us understand this complex skin disease more accurately.