bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and variable hopping range mechanism on graphene oxide films
Authors: Sánchez-Trujillo D. J. , Osorio-Maldonado L. V. , Prías-Barragán J. J.
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of optoelectronic applications for optical-to-electrical conversion has increased the interest in graphene oxide material. Here, graphene oxide films (GOF) were used as source material in an infrared photodetector configuration and the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity was studied. GOF were prepared by the double-thermal decomposition (DTD) method at 973 K, with a fixed carbonization temperature, in a pyrolysis system, under a controlled nitrogen atmosphere, over quartz substrates. Graphene oxide films were mechanically supported in a photodetector configuration on Bakelite substrates and electrically contacted with copper wires and high-purity silver paint. Morphological images from the GOF’s surface were taken employing a scanning electron microscope and observed a homogeneous surface which favored the electrical contacts deposition. Vibrational characteristics were studied employing Raman spectroscopy and determined the typical graphene oxide bands. GOF were used to discuss the effect of temperature on the film’s electrical conductivity. Current–voltage (I–V) curves were taken for several temperatures varying from 20 to 300 K and the electrical resistance values were obtained from 142.86 to 2.14 kΩ. The GOF electrical conductivity and bandgap energy (Eg) were calculated, and it was found that when increasing temperature, the electrical conductivity increased from 30.33 to 2023.97 S/m, similar to a semiconductor material, and Eg shows a nonlinear change from 0.33 to 0.12 eV, with the increasing temperature. Conduction mechanism was described mainly by three-dimensional variable range hopping (3D VRH). Additionally, measurements of voltage and electrical resistance, as a function of wavelength were considered, for a spectral range between 1300 and 3000 nm. It was evidenced that as the wavelength becomes longer, a greater number of free electrons are generated, which contributes to the electrical current. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) was determined for this proposed photodetector prototype, obtaining a value of 40%, similar to those reported for commercial semiconductor photodetectors. This study provides a groundwork for further development of graphene oxide films with high conductivity in large-scale preparation.
Scar/WAVE has Rac GTPase-independent functions during cell wound repair
Authors: Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Hui Justin , Stjepić Viktor , Parkhurst Susan M.
Published: March 2023

Rho family GTPases regulate both linear and branched actin dynamics by activating downstream effectors to facilitate the assembly and function of complex cellular structures such as lamellipodia and contractile actomyosin rings. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) family proteins are downstream effectors of Rho family GTPases that usually function in a one-to-one correspondence to regulate branched actin nucleation. In particular, the WAS protein Scar/WAVE has been shown to exhibit one-to-one correspondence with Rac GTPase. Here we show that Rac and SCAR are recruited to cell wounds in the Drosophila repair model and are required for the proper formation and maintenance of the dynamic actomyosin ring formed at the wound periphery. Interestingly, we find that SCAR is recruited to wounds earlier than Rac and is still recruited to the wound periphery in the presence of a potent Rac inhibitor. We also show that while Rac is important for actin recruitment to the actomyosin ring, SCAR serves to organize the actomyosin ring and facilitate its anchoring to the overlying plasma membrane. These differing spatiotemporal recruitment patterns and wound repair phenotypes highlight the Rac-independent functions of SCAR and provide an exciting new context in which to investigate these newly uncovered SCAR functions.
Confocal LiDAR for remote high-resolution imaging of auto-fluorescence in aquatic media
Authors: Santos Joaquim , Rodrigo Peter John , Petersen Paul Michael , Pedersen Christian
Published: March 2023

Spatially resolved in situ monitoring of plankton can provide insights on the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems due to their vital role in the biological carbon pump. However, high-resolution underwater imaging is technically complex and restricted to small close-range volumes with current techniques. Here, we report a novel inelastic scanning confocal light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system for remote underwater volumetric imaging of fluorescent objects. A continuous wave excitation beam is combined with a pinhole in a conjugated detection plane to reject out-of-focus scattering and accomplish near-diffraction limited probe volumes. The combination of bi-directional scanning with remote focusing enables the acquisition of three-dimensional data. We experimentally determine the point spread and axial weighting functions, and demonstrate selective volumetric imaging of obstructed layers through spatial filtering. Finally, we spatially resolve in vivo autofluorescence from sub-millimeter Acocyclops royi copepods to demonstrate the applicability of our novel instrument in non-intrusive morphological and spectroscopic studies of aquatic fauna. The proposed system constitutes a unique tool e.g. for profiling chlorophyll distributions and for quantitative studies of zooplankton with reduced interference from intervening scatterers in the water column that degrade the the performance of conventional imaging systems currently in place.
IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies sample initial structure dependent local conformational states and exhibit non-identical Fab dynamics
Authors: Natesan Ramakrishnan , Agrawal Neeraj J.
Published: March 2023

We have investigated the dynamics of two $$\upgamma$$
γ
-immunoglobulin molecules, IgG1 and IgG4, using long all atom molecular dynamics simulations. We first show that the de novo structures of IgG1 and IgG4 predicted using AlphaFold, with no interactions between the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain and the antigen fragment binding domain (Fab), eventually relaxes to a state with persistent Fc–Fab interactions that mirrors experimentally resolved structures. We quantified the conformational space sampled by antibody trajectories spawned from six different initial structures and show that the individual trajectories only sample states bound by a local minimum and display very little mixing in their conformational states. Furthermore, the dynamics of the individual Fab domains are strongly dependent on the initial crystal structure and isotype. In all conditions, we observe non-identical dynamics between the Fab arms in an antibody. For a six-bead coarse grained model, we show that non-covalent Fc–Fab interactions can modulate the stiffnesses associated with Fc–Fab distances, angles, and dihedral angles by up to three orders of magnitude. Our results clearly illustrate the inherent complexities in studying antibody dynamics and highlight the need to include non-identical Fab dynamics as an inherent feature in computational models of therapeutic antibodies.
Simple rule for linking atoms to construct high energy isomers
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhang Chaoyang
Published: March 2023

The present work concerns a basic issue in molecular science,i.e., constructing a high energy isomer with a given composition.
Developing a microwave-driven reactor for ammonia synthesis: insights into the unique challenges of microwave catalysis
Authors: Melkote Sunjay G. , Muley Pranjali , Dutta Biswanath , Wildfire Christina , Weiss Robert , Hu Jianli
Published: March 2023

Reactor requirements grow with scale as new phenomena can become more and more relevant, creating trends that we've observed in the development of microwave-driven ammonia synthesis – a technique with a unique combination of high output and energy efficiency.
Interfacial synthesis of polyaniline–polypyrrole on electrospun vanadium oxide-embedded TiO2 nanofibers with enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Thao Vu Dinh , Dung Nguyen Trung , Chuan Bui Ngoc , Son Le The , Van Nguyen To , Thuy Pham Chau , Huy Nguyen Nhat , Thu Tran Viet
Published: March 2023

Designing high-performance TiO2-based photocatalysts with a reduced bandgap is obligatory for utilizing abundant sunlight.
Burstiness and information spreading in active particle systems
Authors: Zhong Wei , Deng Youjin , Xiong Daxing
Published: March 2023

We construct the temporal network using the 2D Vicsek model. We find that for different noise strengths, the signals of the interevent time are busty. Our results also indicate a relation between the phase transition of the Vicsek model and the bursty nature of the signals.
Giant photonic spin Hall effect induced by hyperbolic shear polaritons
Authors: Jia Guangyi , Xue Wenxuan , Jia Zhenxin , Schubert Mathias
Published: March 2023

A schematic illustration of the monoclinic β-Ga2O3 crystal structure and its application in enhancing the photonic spin Hall effect.
Surface tension models for binary aqueous solutions: a review and intercomparison
Authors: Kleinheins Judith , Shardt Nadia , El Haber Manuella , Ferronato Corinne , Nozière Barbara , Peter Thomas , Marcolli Claudia
Published: March 2023

Popular surface tension models were reviewed and tested on ten binary aqueous solutions. A parametrized sigmoid function was suggested as a new empirical model and shown to have excellent fit performance.
Tuning the odd–even effect on two-dimensional assemblies of curcumin derivatives by alkyl chain substitution: a scanning tunnelling microscopy study
Authors: Liu Suyi , Norikane Yasuo , Tsuzuki Seiji , Ito Shotaro , Kikkawa Yoshihiro
Published: March 2023

Adjusting the balance of intermolecular and molecule–substrate interactions could determine the appearance/disappearance of the odd–even effect in curcumin derivatives, resulting in the control of their two-dimensional structures.
A bimetallic MOF-derived α-Fe2O3/In2O3 heterojunction for a cyclohexane gas sensor
Authors: Xie Dan , Zhang Feng , Yu Kai , Li Xiaofeng , Qu Fengyu
Published: March 2023

The α-Fe2O3/In2O3 heterojunctions derived from a bimetal–organic framework of an InFc MOF, endows a high sensitivity (86) to 100 ppm cyclohexane at a working temperature of 225 °C, in the top set for similar types of sensors.
Preparation and morphology control of porous microspheres of different crystalline polymers
Authors: Wu Jinqiu , Zhi Teng , Xing Luyao , Fan Youkun , Xiong Chengdong , Huang Dongling , Xiong Zuochun
Published: March 2023

Controlling the surface morphology of degradable polymer porous microspheres with alkanes as porogens using the emulsion solvent evaporation method.
CuO/Cu/rGO nanocomposite anodic titania nanotubes for boosted non-enzymatic glucose biosensors
Authors: Chahrour Khaled M. , Ooi Poh Choon , Nazeer Ahmed Abdel , Al-Hajji Latifa A. , Jubu Peverga R. , Dee Chang Fu , Ahmadipour Mohsen , Hamzah Azrul Azlan
Published: March 2023

Highly arranged porous anodic titania (TiO2) nanotube arrays (ATNT) were fruitfully fabricated by the anodization of Ti foil in an ammonium fluoride electrolyte.
Toughening of poly(ionic liquid)-based ion gels with cellulose nanofibers as a sacrificial network
Authors: Watanabe Takaichi , Oe Emiho , Mizutani Yuna , Ono Tsutomu
Published: March 2023

A tough ion gel composed of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) and a poly(ionic liquid) double network was developed.
Strategies for promoting discotic nematic phases
Authors: Zellman Carson O. , Williams Vance E.
Published: March 2023

A series of discotic dimers were synthesized in an attempt to obtain nematic discotic liquid crystal phases.
Polysaccharides from Chinese herbs as natural weapons against colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Mingyue , Yue Yinzi , Wang Yahui , Yan Shuai
Published: March 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third and second among the most widespread cancers worldwide and the most common causes of human death due to cancer, respectively. Furthermore, for unknown reasons, numbers of young patients diagnosed with colon cancer has increased. Polysaccharides are important functional phytochemicals reported to have anti-CRC effects. Moreover, CRC development and progression is closely related to the gut microbiome. Although approaches for treating CRC have been the subject of some review papers, research into traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments for CRC and the underlying mechanisms involving polysaccharides have not been reviewed. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms underlying treatment of CRC using TCM polysaccharides, based on the etiology of CRC, and common treatment methods applied. The relationship between intestinal microbes and CRC, the mechanism by which TCM polysaccharides induce CRC cell apoptosis, and how TCM polysaccharides promote immune responses are discussed, as well as TCM polysaccharide use in combination with chemotherapy. TCM polysaccharides provide options for CRC treatment, due to their advantages of having multiple targets, eliciting modest adverse reactions, and wide range of available sources.
Synthetic test circuit with two‐level voltage source for HVDC circuit breakers
Authors: Xiu Shixin , Long Zhisong , Qin Ke , Jia Shenli , Tang Qiang , Shi Zongqin , Zhang Feifan
Published: March 2023

In order to ensure the reliable interruption of high voltage direct current circuit breaker (HVDC CB), the breaking test of HVDC CB plays an important role in its performance verification. In this paper, the interruption process of the HVDC CB is analyzed, and the equivalent requirements for the breaking test of HVDC CB are summarized. In the breaking test of high voltage and high current, the transient interruption voltage (TIV) duration is short, which leads to insufficient voltage stress. A new synthetic test circuit for testing the interruption performance of HVDC CBs is proposed, which can solve the problem of insufficient TIV duration caused by insufficient test capacity. Subsequently, the working principle of the test circuit is introduced in detail and the design method of the circuit parameters is given. The short‐circuit current breaking test simulation of HVDC CB is carried out. The simulation results fit most well with the results of actual test cases, which verifies the universality of this test method. Finally, a test platform is built to verify the principle of the test circuit. TIV rose to 2.5 kV compared to the predetermined system voltage of 1.67 kV during the test, which means that the key stress provided by the test circuit can meet the expected requirements.
Proximate molecular quasar absorbers
Authors: Noterdaeme P. , Balashev S. , Cuellar R. , Krogager J.-K. , Combes F. , De Cia A. , Gupta N. , Ledoux C. , López S. , Srianand R.
Published: March 2023

Proximate molecular quasar absorbers (PH2) are an intriguing population of absorption systems that was recently uncovered through strong H2absorption at a small velocity separation from the background quasars. We performed a multi-wavelength spectroscopic follow-up of 13 such systems with VLT/X-shooter. Here, we present the observations and study the overall chemical enrichment measured from the H I, H2, and metal lines. We combined this with an investigation of the neutral gas kinematics with respect to the quasar host. We find gas-phase metallicities in the range 2% to 40% of the solar value, that is, in the upper-half range of H I-selected proximate damped Lyman-αsystems, but similar to what is seen in intervening H2-bearing systems. This is likely driven by similar selection effects that play against the detection of most metal- and molecule-rich systems in absorption. Differences are seen in the abundance of dust (from [Zn/Fe]) and its depletion pattern when compared to intervening systems, however, possibly indicating different dust production or destruction close to the active galactic nucleus. We also note the almost ubiquitous presence of a high-ionisation phase traced by N Vin proximate systems. In spite of the hard UV field from the quasars, we found no strong overall deficit of neutral argon, at least when compared to intervening damped Lyman-αsystems. The reason likely is that argon is mostly neutral in the H2phase, which accounts for a large fraction of the total amount of metals. We measured the quasar systemic redshifts through emission lines from both ionised gas and CO(3–2) emission, the latter being detected in all six cases for which we obtained 3 mm data from complementary NOEMA observations. For the first time, we observe a trend between the line-of-sight velocity with respect to systemic redshift and metallicity of the absorbing gas. This suggests that high-metallicity neutral and molecular gas is more likely to be located in outflows, while low-metallicity gas could be more clustered in velocity space around the quasar host, possibly with an infalling component.
Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE)
Authors: Konrad B. S. , Alei E. , Quanz S. P. , Mollière P. , Angerhausen D. , Fortney J. J. , Hakim K. , Jordan S. , Kitzmann D. , Rugheimer S. , Shorttle O. , Wordsworth R. ,   the LIFE Collaboration
Published: March 2023

Context.Terrestrial exoplanets in the habitable zone are likely a common occurrence. The long-term goal is to characterize the atmospheres of dozens of such objects. The Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) initiative aims to develop a space-based mid-infrared (MIR) nulling interferometer to measure the thermal emission spectra of such exoplanets.

Aims.We investigate how well LIFE could characterize a cloudy Venus-twin exoplanet. This allows us to: (1) test our atmospheric retrieval routine on a realistic non-Earth-like MIR emission spectrum of a known planet, (2) investigate how clouds impact retrievals, and (3) further refine the LIFE requirements derived in previous Earth-centered studies.

Methods.We ran Bayesian atmospheric retrievals for simulated LIFE observations of a Venus-twin exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star located 10 pc from the observer. The LIFESIMnoise model accounted for all major astrophysical noise sources. We ran retrievals using different models (cloudy and cloud-free) and analyzed the performance as a function of the quality of the LIFE observation. This allowed us to determine how well the atmosphere and clouds are characterizable depending on the quality of the spectrum.

Results.At the current minimal resolution (R= 50) and signal-to-noise (S/N= 10 at 11.2 μ m) requirements for LIFE, all tested models suggest a CO2-rich atmosphere (≥30% in mass fraction). Further, we successfully constrain the atmospheric pressure-temperature (P–T) structure above the cloud deck (P–Tuncertainty ≤ ± 15 K). However, we struggle to infer the main cloud properties. Further, the retrieved planetary radius (Rpl), equilibrium temperature (Teq), and Bond albedo (AB) depend on the model. Generally, a cloud-free model performs best at the current minimal quality and accurately estimatesRpl,Teq, andAB. If we consider higher quality spectra (especiallyS/N= 20), we can infer the presence of clouds and pose first constraints on their structure.

Conclusions.Our study shows that the minimal R and S/N requirements for LIFE suffice to characterize the structure and composition of a Venus-like atmosphere above the cloud deck if an adequate model is chosen. Crucially, the cloud-free model is preferred by the retrieval for low spectral qualities. We thus find no direct evidence for clouds at the minimalRandS/Nrequirements and cannot infer the thickness of the atmosphere. Clouds are only constrainable in MIR retrievals of spectra withS/N≥ 20. The model dependence of our retrieval results emphasizes the importance of developing a community-wide best-practice for atmospheric retrieval studies.
Automatic line selection for abundance determinations in large stellar spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Kordopatis Georges , Hill Vanessa , Lind Karin
Published: March 2023

Context. Over the past few years, new multiplex spectrographs have emerged to observe several millions of stars. The optimisation of these instruments (w.r.t. their resolution or wavelength range), their associated surveys (choice of instrumental set-up), and their parameterisation pipelines require methods that estimate which wavelengths (or pixels) contain useful information.

Aims. We propose a method that establishes the usefulness of an atomic spectral line, whereby usefulness is defined by the purity of the line and its detectability. We demonstrate two applications of our code: a) optimising an instrument by comparing the number of detected useful lines at a given wavelength range and resolution; and b) optimising the line list for a given set-up, in the sense of creating a golden subsample of the least-blended lines that are detectable at a range of signal-to-noise ratio values.

Methods. The method compares pre-computed normalised synthetic stellar spectra containing all of the elements and molecules with spectra solely containing the lines of specific elements. Then, the flux ratios between the full spectrum and the element spectrum are computed to estimate the line purities. The method automatically identifies: (i) the line’s central wavelength, (ii) its detectability based on its depth and a given signal-to-noise threshold, and (iii) its usefulness based on the purity ratio defined above.

Results. We applied this method to compare the three WEAVE high-resolution set-ups (blue: 404–465 nm, green: 473–545 nm, red: 595–685 nm) and find that the green+red set-up both allows us to measure more elements and contains more numerous useful lines. However, there is a disparity in terms of which elements are detected over each of the set-ups that we have characterised. We also studied the performances of high-resolution (R ~ 20 000) and low-resolution (R ~ 6000) spectra covering the entire optical wavelength range. Assuming a purity threshold of 60%, we find that the high-resolution set-up contains a much wealthier selection of lines, for any of the considered elements; whereas the low-resolution set-up displays a ‘loss’ of 50% to 90% of the lines (depending on the nucleosynthetic channel considered), even when the signal-to-noise ratio is increased.

Conclusions. The method presented here provides a vital diagnostic of where to focus to get the most out of a spectrograph. It is easy to implement for future instruments that have not yet determined their final configuration, as well as for pipelines that require line masks.
Paving the way to the synthesis of PAHs in dark molecular clouds: The formation of cyclopentadienyl radical (c-C5H5)
Authors: García de la Concepción J. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Rivilla V. M. , Colzi L. , Martín-Pintado J.
Published: March 2023

Context. The interest of astrophysicists and astrochemists in studying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has grown since their assignment to previously unidentified IR emission bands of dust grains. Although observations show that PAHs are present in the interstellar medium (ISM), there is still no consensus about their formation. PAH formation has been studied following two approaches: bottom-up (i.e. through the association of smaller hydrocarbons) and top-down (via the photo-dissociation or hydrogenation of larger-structures). The recent detection of simple aromatic rings in the TMC-1 molecular cloud seems to suggest the bottom-up scenario is favoured.

Aims. We study the reaction between the propargyl (C3H3) radical and the vinyl radical (C2H3) under interstellar conditions, providing new kinetic parameters for the formation of PAH precursors.

Methods. We used high-level quantum-chemical calculations to describe the reaction mechanism between these two radicals. We calculated the rate constant of the individual product channels in the temperature range 10–400 K and at 1 × 10−7 atm by solving the one-dimensional master equation to quantitatively understand whether this reaction is viable in the ISM.

Results. Our results show that this reaction is likely to occur even in the low-density (~104 cm−3) and low-temperature (~10 K) conditions of molecular dark clouds. The main product is the cyclopentadienyl radical (C5H5). The unsaturated open-chain hydrocarbon C5H5 in the trans (trans-C5H5) and cis conformations (cis-C5H5) are also formed, but to a lesser extent.

Conclusions. Our results show that the reaction of vinyl radical with propargyl radical is efficient under interstellar conditions and yields the cyclopentadienyl radical, which could be an important precursor for the formation of more complex polycyclic hydrocarbons (e.g. indene) and simple PAHs (e.g. naphthalene) in molecular dark clouds.
Influence of sales and value added on earnings in the transport and warehousing sectors
Authors: Horák Jakub , Jíra František
Published: March 2023

Within the paper submitted, the author seeks the perspective for an investor, entrepreneur or anybody who does or plans to do business in the sector of transportation and warehousing and might need a method to determine the impact of sales and value added on earnings. The data are classified according to the CZ NACE coding for the transport and warehousing sectors. The complete data from the accounting records in the given field for the years 2016-2020 are selected. The mutual relationship of both parameters is determined using correlation. According to the results, in individual years, the correlation of both parameters and earnings differs, with each parameter showing a different impact on earnings in terms of individual years, type of company or region in which a given company operates. Overall, however, the research can be influenced by the given data, which need to be processed in more detail for possible further investigation of the given issue. The data were divided into parameters of individual years, regions, and the type of legal person.
Systematische Übersichtsarbeit Antipsychotische Behandlung
des Alkoholentzugssyndroms: Fokus Delirium Tremens
Authors: Faustmann Timo Jendrik , Paschali Myrella , Kojda Georg , Schilbach Leonhard , Kamp Daniel
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund Das Delirium tremens (DT) ist eine weit verbreitete und
potentiell vital bedrohliche Komplikation des Alkoholentzugs. Die
medikamentöse Behandlung eines DT spielt sowohl eine wichtige Rolle in
der stationären suchtmedizinischen Versorgung als auch in anderen
medizinischen Fachbereichen, in denen ein Alkoholentzugsdelir sekundär
durch die Hospitalisierung auftreten kann. Patienten im DT müssen
hochdosiert mit Benzodiazepinen (bei geriatrischen Patienten kurzwirksame
Benzodiazepine zur Vermeidung einer Akkumulierung) oder Clomethiazol sowie bei
produktiv-psychotischen Symptomen zusätzlich antipsychotisch behandelt
werden. Eine differenzierte Empfehlung zur konkreten Behandlung mit
Antipsychotika im DT fehlt bisher. Die hier vorliegende Übersicht
diskutiert die Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften mit anderen in der Literatur
zugänglichen Ergebnissen bezüglich der Wahl eines
Antipsychotikums zur Behandlung des DT. Ziel: Systematische Darstellung
relevanter Antipsychotika zur Behandlung des DT.

Methode Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in Pubmed und
Scopus nach Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten zu Antipsychotika im
Alkoholentzug und DT. Letztmalig erfolgte eine Suche am 22. Mai 2022. Weiter
wurden internationale Leitlinien berücksichtigt. Die
Übersichtsarbeit wurde mittels PROSPERO registriert (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/); CRD42021264611.

Ergebnisse Haloperidol wird besonders auf der Intensivstation empfohlen.
Die Datenlage zur differentiellen Verwendung von atypischen Antipsychotika im DT
ist weiter insuffizient. Insgesamt gilt es, die Medikation immer in Kombination
mit Benzodiazepinen durchzuführen und potentielle Komplikationen wie das
maligne neuroleptische Syndrom, QTc-Verlängerungen und
extrapyramidal-motorische Störungen sowie komplikative
Entzugskrampfanfälle durch Senkung der Krampfschwelle, unter der
Verwendung von Antipsychotika, zu beachten.

Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlung mit Antipsychotika im DT sollte nach der
Erfahrung des Behandlers erfolgen. Eine klare Empfehlung außer die Gabe
von Haloperidol existiert nicht.
Language Disparity Predicts Poor Patient-Reported Outcome and Follow-Up in Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Fei , Rothchild Evan , Lu Yi-Hsueh , Ricci Joseph A.
Published: March 2023

Background Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) have starkly different health care experiences compared with their English-proficient counterparts. The authors aim to examine the link between LEP and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing microsurgical breast reconstruction.

Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent abdominal-based microsurgical breast reconstruction at our institution between 2009 and 2019 was performed. Variables collected included patient demographics, language status, interpreter usage, perioperative complications, follow-up visits, and self-reported outcomes (Breast-Q). Pearson's χ
2 test, Student's t-test, odds ratio analysis, and regression modeling were used for analysis.

Results A total of 405 patients were included. LEP patients comprised 22.22% of the overall cohort with 80% of LEP patients utilizing interpreter services. LEP patients reported significantly lower satisfaction with an abdominal appearance at the 6-month follow-up and lower physical and sexual well-being scores at the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.05, 0.02, 0.01, respectively). Non-LEP patients had significantly longer operative times (539.6 vs. 499.3 minutes, p = 0.024), were more likely to have postoperative donor site revisions (p = 0.05), and more likely to receive preoperative neuraxial anesthesia (p = 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, LEP stats was associated with 0.93 fewer follow-up visits (p = 0.02). Interestingly, compared with LEP patients who did not receive interpreter services, LEP patients who did had 1.98 more follow-up visits (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in emergency room visits or complications between the cohorts.

Conclusion Our findings suggest that language disparities exist within microsurgical breast reconstruction and underscore the importance of effective, language-conscious communication between surgeon and patient.
Effect of intense x-ray free-electron laser transient gratings on the magnetic domain structure of Tm:YIG
Authors: Ukleev Victor , Burian Max , Gliga Sebastian , Vaz C. A. F. , Rösner Benedikt , Fainozzi Danny , Seniutinas Gediminas , Kubec Adam , Mankowsky Roman , Lemke Henrik T. , Rosenberg Ethan R. , Ross Caroline A. , Müller Elisabeth , David Christian , Svetina Cristian , Staub Urs
Published: March 2023

In ferromagnets, domain patterns can be controlled globally using magnetic fields or spin-polarized currents. In contrast, the local control of the magnetization on the nanometer length scale remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate how magnetic domain patterns in a Tm-doped yttrium iron garnet (Tm:YIG) thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be permanently and locally imprinted by high intensity photon pulses of a hard x-ray transient grating (XTG). Micromagnetic simulations provide a qualitative understanding of the observed changes in the orientation of magnetic domains in Tm:YIG and XTG-induced changes. The presented results offer a route for the local manipulation of the magnetic state using hard XTG.
Study on localized corrosion behavior of hot extrusion deformed GW103K magnesium alloy
Authors: Liu Xiaolian , Jia Ruiling , Li Jianna , Cheng Wenhua , Zhang Huixia
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the corrosion behavior in the core and at the edge of the cross-section of an extruded GW103K (Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.4Zr) alloy. Equivalent stress and strain were modeled using finite element simulations. The stress and strain in the core were lower than those at the edge. The microstructure, corrosion morphology, and grain orientation of the alloy were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction, respectively. The results showed that most grains in the core exhibited a basal plane orientation and lower surface energy, whereas those at the edge exhibited cylindrical orientations. Hydrogen evolution experiments and electrochemical tests showed that the corrosion resistance in the core was higher than that at the edge. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements of the surface potential distribution in the cross-section revealed a large potential difference between the second-phase particles at the edge and the matrix, with obvious galvanic corrosion. The alloy core exhibited low stress and a higher content of grains with basal plane orientation, along with a small potential difference between the second-phase particles and the matrix. Thus, the corrosion resistance in the core was higher than that at the edge.
Enhanced Thomson scattering x-ray sources with flying focus laser pulse
Authors: Ye Hansheng , Gu Yuqiu , Fan Quanping , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Shaoyi , Tan Fang , Zhang Jie , Yang Yue , Yan Yonghong , Wen Jiaxing , Wu Yuchi , Lu Wei , Huang Wenhui , Zhou Weimin
Published: March 2023

X-ray source based on the Thomson scattering of laser interacting with energetic electron beams features high photon energy, small spot size, and good collimation. However, the photon number is insufficient for practical application because of the small cross section of the Thomson scattering. To solve this problem, here, we replace a traditional Gaussian laser pulse with a flying focus laser pulse to extend interaction length and restrain nonlinear effects. Simulation results show that the scattered photon number can be increased by about 25 and 2 times for high and low energy lasers, respectively. In particular, a 1010 photon number can be generated with a 10 J flying focus laser pulse, and the energy spread can also be greatly reduced for high energy laser, from a broad spectrum to a monoenergetic peak. Combining these two advantages, the peak spectrum brightness of x ray is 3 × 108 photons/keV at 240 keV, which is about three orders of magnitude more than the traditional case.
A re-useable microreactor for dynamic and sensitive photocatalytic measurements: Exemplified by the photoconversion of ethanol on Pt-loaded titania P25
Authors: Aletsee Clara C. , Hochfilzer Degenhart , Kwiatkowski Anika , Becherer Markus , Kibsgaard Jakob , Chorkendorff Ib , Tschurl Martin , Heiz Ueli
Published: March 2023

Despite numerous advancements in synthesizing photoactive materials, the evaluation of their catalytic performance remains challenging since their fabrication often involves tedious strategies, yielding only low quantities in the μ-gram scale. In addition, these model catalysts exhibit different forms, such as powders or film(-like) structures grown on various supporting materials. Herein, we present a versatile gas phase μ-photoreactor, compatible with different catalyst morphologies, which is, in contrast to existing systems, re-openable and –useable, allowing not only post-characterization of the photocatalytic material but also enabling catalyst screening studies in short experimental time intervals. Sensitive and time-resolved reaction monitoring at ambient pressure is realized by a lid-integrated capillary, transmitting the entire gas flow from the reactor chamber to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Due to the microfabrication of the lid from borosilicate as base material, 88% of the geometrical area can be illuminated by a light source, further enhancing sensitivity. Gas dependent flow rates through the capillary were experimentally determined to be 1015–1016 molecules s−1, and in combination with a reactor volume of 10.5 μl, this results in residence times below 40 s. Furthermore, the reactor volume can easily be altered by adjusting the height of the polymeric sealing material. The successful operation of the reactor is demonstrated by selective ethanol oxidation over Pt-loaded TiO2 (P25), which serves to exemplify product analysis from dark-illumination difference spectra.
Formations and dynamics of two-dimensional spinning asymmetric quantum droplets controlled by a PT-symmetric potential
Authors: Song Jin , Yan Zhenya , Malomed Boris A.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, vortex solitons are produced for a variety of 2D spinning quantum droplets (QDs) in a PT-symmetric potential, modeled by the amended Gross–Pitaevskii equation with Lee–Huang–Yang corrections. In particular, exact QD states are obtained under certain parameter constraints, providing a guide to finding the respective generic family. In a parameter region of the unbroken PT symmetry, different families of QDs originating from the linear modes are obtained in the form of multipolar and vortex droplets at low and high values of the norm, respectively, and their stability is investigated. In the spinning regime, QDs become asymmetric above a critical rotation frequency, most of them being stable. The effect of the PT-symmetric potential on the spinning and nonspinning QDs is explored by varying the strength of the gain–loss distribution. Generally, spinning QDs trapped in the PT-symmetric potential exhibit asymmetry due to the energy flow affected by the interplay of the gain–loss distribution and rotation. Finally, interactions between spinning or nonspinning QDs are explored, exhibiting elastic collisions under certain conditions.
Embedding vertex corrections in GW self-energy: Theory, implementation, and outlook
Authors: Weng Guorong , Mallarapu Rushil , Vlček Vojtěch
Published: March 2023

The vertex function (Γ) within the Green’s function formalism encapsulates information about all higher-order electron–electron interaction beyond those mediated by density fluctuations. Herein, we present an efficient approach that embeds vertex corrections in the one-shot GW correlation self-energy for isolated and periodic systems. The vertex-corrected self-energy is constructed through the proposed separation–propagation–recombination procedure: the electronic Hilbert space is separated into an active space and its orthogonal complement denoted as the “rest;” the active component is propagated by a space-specific effective Hamiltonian different from the rest. The vertex corrections are introduced by a rescaled time-dependent nonlocal exchange interaction. The direct Γ correction to the self-energy is further updated by adjusting the rescaling factor in a self-consistent post-processing cycle. Our embedding method is tested mainly on donor–acceptor charge-transfer systems. The embedded vertex effects consistently and significantly correct the quasiparticle energies of the gap-edge states. The fundamental gap is generally improved by 1–3 eV upon the one-shot GW approximation. Furthermore, we provide an outlook for applications of (embedded) vertex corrections in calculations of extended solids.
Controlling the angle between magnetic moments of Co layers in Co|RuCo|Co
Authors: Nunn Zachary R. , Lisik Juliana , Omelchenko Pavlo , Koraltan Sabri , Abert Claas , Suess Dieter , Girt Erol
Published: March 2023

Spintronic devices would greatly benefit from a noncollinear alignment between magnetizations of adjacent ferromagnetic layers for maximum performance and reliability. We demonstrate that such an alignment can be created and controlled by coupling two ferromagnetic layers across a magnetic spacer layer consisting of a nonmagnetic material, Ru, alloyed with a ferromagnetic element, Co. Changing the composition and thickness of the spacer layer enables the control of the relative angle between the magnetizations of the ferromagnetic layers between 0° and 180°. The onset of noncollinear alignment between the ferromagnetic layers coincides with the advent of magnetic order in the spacer layer. This study maps the concentration and thickness ranges of RuCo spacer layers that give rise to noncollinearity between ferromagnetic Co layers. The experimental results are successfully reproduced by simulating our structures with an atomistic model. This model assumes that Co atoms in the RuCo spacer layer have magnetic moments and that neighboring Co atoms are ferromagnetically coupled, while Co atoms separated by one or more Ru atoms are antiferromagnetically coupled.
Shallow etched low-loss thin film lithium niobate waveguides with bound states in the continuum
Authors: Kang Yun
Published: March 2023

Thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) features a small photonic device footprint and excellent optical properties. Despite the recent progress on plasma-etched TFLN waveguides, scattering loss induced by the sidewall roughness still limits the performance of the integrated photonic devices. Here, a shallow-etched structure that can mitigate the scattering loss along the waveguide sidewall is proposed and investigated, while the consequent coupling to the continuous slab mode can be easily eliminated by properly adjusting the waveguide width, achieving a low-loss bound state in the continuum. Our proposed scheme would facilitate low-loss and high performance TFLN photonic devices in the future.
Structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of Ni–Co-based layered transition metal oxide LiNixCo1−xO2 for Li-ion batteries from first principles
Authors: Qin Wenjing , Liu Sanqiu , Zhong Shuying , Xu Bo
Published: March 2023

The structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of Ni–Co-based layered transition oxide LiNixCo1−xO2 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) (LNCO) have been investigated using the first-principles method. The results show that the effect of Ni/Co mixing on the structural property is slight. For the case of the mechanical property, the elastic constant, elastic modulus, such as Young’s modulus (Y), Poisson’s ratio (v), Pugh’s ratio (B/G), and Cauchy pressure (C′) of LNCO have been carefully analyzed based on the strain-energy method. The results demonstrate that the mechanical strength of LNCO materials is weaker than that of pure LiCoO2 (LCO) and LiNiO2 (LNO). However, the B/G ratio and Poisson’s ratio of LNCO are greater than that of the pure LCO and LNO, which means that Ni/Co mixing can improve the ductility of pure LCO and LNO. In addition, Cauchy pressure and anisotropy are also discussed, and as cathode materials, LNCO still exhibits good electrical conductivity. Our results provide a feasible way to realize mechanical property modulation by Ni–Co-based layered transition metal oxides LCO. Furthermore, our study is also helpful to reveal the formation mechanism of intra-lattice microcracks in electrode materials.
Giant second harmonic generation in etch-less lithium niobate thin film
Authors: Baida Fadi Issam , Robayo Yepes Juan José , Ndao Abdoulaye
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we proposed and numerically demonstrated a giant enhancement up to in both fo108rward and backward propagation of the second harmonic generation by combining the high-quality factor cavities of the bound states in the continuum and the excellent nonlinear optical crystal of lithium niobate. The enhancement factor is defined as the ratio of the second harmonic signal generated by the structure (lithium niobate membrane with Si grating) divided by the signal generated by the lithium niobate membrane alone. Furthermore, a minimum interaction time of 350 ps is achieved despite the etching less lithium niobate membrane with a conversion efficiency of 4.77 × 10−6. The origin of the enhancements is linked to the excitation of a Fano-like shape symmetry-protected mode that is revealed by finite-difference time-domain simulations. The proposed platform opens the way to a new generation of efficient integrated optical sources compatible with nano-photonic devices for classical and quantum applications.
Systematic study of nitride matrix of FePt granular films for heat assisted magnetic recording media
Authors: Tham Kim Kong , Kushibiki Ryosuke , Saito Shin
Published: March 2023

A systematic investigation of the magnetic properties and nanostructure of FePt-nitride granular films with nitride of various melting points (Tm) is reported. When Tm of nitride grain boundary materials (GBMs) is varied from 1650 to 3305 °C, the saturation magnetization (Msfilm) changes from 710 to 570 emu/cm3. The Msfilm of FePt-nitride is similar to that of FePt-oxide granular films, almost varies linearly against Tm. At almost the same Tm, FePt-nitride shows a higher Msfilm of around 70 emu/cm3 compared to that of FePt-oxide granular films. According to the torque measurement result of the saturated torque coefficient with fourfold components (L4θsat), FePt-nitride shows a smaller L4θsat than that of FePt-oxide granular films, which suggests that FePt-nitride has a smaller content of the in-plane component than that of FePt-oxide granular films. This is supported by the in-plane x-ray diffraction profile measurement, where FePt-nitride has a smaller integral intensity of (001) diffraction of the L10-FePt phase than FePt-oxide granular films. With further promotion of grain separation, nitrides are more promising GBMs than oxides due to their high Msfilm and smaller content of the in-plane component.
Identifying causal subsequent memory effects
Authors: Halpern David J. , Tubridy Shannon , Davachi Lila , Gureckis Todd M.
Published: March 2023

Over 40 y of accumulated research has detailed associations between neuroimaging signals measured during a memory encoding task and later memory performance, across a variety of brain regions, measurement tools, statistical approaches, and behavioral tasks. But the interpretation of these subsequent memory effects (SMEs) remains unclear: if the identified signals reflect cognitive and neural mechanisms of memory encoding, then the underlying neural activity must be causally related to future memory. However, almost all previous SME analyses do not control for potential confounders of this causal interpretation, such as serial position and item effects. We collect a large fMRI dataset and use an experimental design and analysis approach that allows us to statistically adjust for nearly all known exogenous confounding variables. We find that, using standard approaches without adjustment, we replicate several univariate and multivariate subsequent memory effects and are able to predict memory performance across people. However, we are unable to identify any signal that reliably predicts subsequent memory after adjusting for confounding variables, bringing into doubt the causal status of these effects. We apply the same approach to subjects’ judgments of learning collected following an encoding period and show that these behavioral measures of mnemonic status do predict memory after adjustments, suggesting that it is possible to measure signals near the time of encoding that reflect causal mechanisms but that existing neuroimaging measures, at least in our data, may not have the precision and specificity to do so.
A new majority
Authors: Kohn Mary , Garcia Trevin
Published: March 2023

Representativeness in regional dialectology is critical to avoid essentialization when describing regional and ethnic language variation. Yet, regional vowel studies still tend to focus on majority-white communities. Additionally, lack of research on the Great Plains leaves research on regional variation in Latinx Englishes incomplete. We examine a majority-Latinx community in a dialect region where the Low Back Vowel Merger Shift (LBMS) is widespread to examine participation in this sound shift and to document Latinx variation in the Great Plains. Findings illustrate the widespread presence of the LBMS for all participants, but with a less pronounced prenasaltrap/bansplit. The latter represents a vocalic pattern attested in numerous US Latinx communities. Anglos from the majority-Latinx field site variably pattern with their Latinx peers in their production ofban.These patterns illustrate participation in regional sound changes while also documenting supra-regional variation and local participation in Latinx English variants by Anglo peers.