bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prototype of Rupiah Electronic Application for Retailers
Authors: Dewi Amina Sukma , Subarno Anton
Published: March 2021

Retail traders rarely use rupiah values of less than one thousand rupiah. Moreover, the use of small money under one hundred rupiah is practically no longer used. From the buyer’s point of view, a reduction in the price of just one rupiah has been taken into account, especially in purchasing of a large quantity of goods, of course a slight reduction in price is very meaningful. This study aims to create a prototype electronic rupiah application in order to facilitate financial transactions, especially in the payment of goods’ prices with a value below one thousand rupiahs. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The population of this study was all undergraduate students who visited the “Idaman” canteen at Sebelas Maret University with 32 respondents. The sampling technique used incidental random sampling, while the data analysis used was confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results showed that the application prototype of electronic rupiah needs to pay attention to three things, namely feature design, transaction design, and user account’s security design. Feature design is a basic view of display that needs to be made in such a way as to be attractive and easy to understand. Advanced display design is the details of the buttons on the basic view of menu display which contain transaction/arrangement designs. Account security design is a confirmation of account operation via email and data backup to anticipate if the internet connection is lost. Confirmation is used in making payments via password and or SMS (short message service). The details of these three designs will be discussed in this article.
Mathematics Game as Interactive Learning Media In COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Graceota A , Budiyono  , Slamet I
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 Pandemic requires teachers to innovate. Mathematics game on computer or android platform is one of the utilization of technology in the 4.0 era as interactive learning. This type of research is research and development which aims to produce a proper and interesting mathematics game application based on multimedia for junior high school students. Appropriate learning media here is learning media that has valid, practical and effective criteria. The mathematics game application in this research was developed by Microsoft PowerPoint software. This research was using preliminary study and product development stages. The subjects of this research were the seventh-grade students of junior high school in Tuntang Sub-district. The scoring results by the material expert get the average score 42 then categorized as very feasible, while the scoring results by the design or display expert get the average score 44 then categorized as very feasible. On the limited scale trial test get the score of 42 then categorized as very good, and on the wide scale trial test get a score of 43 then categorized as very good. Based on the results can be concluded that the mathematics game is very feasible and interesting for junior high school students.
The Effect Mathematics Disposition of Vocational High School Students on Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability
Authors: Yustiana Y , Kusmayadi T A , Fitriana L
Published: March 2021

Problem-solving ability is a basic skill of the 21st century. The problem-solving ability of each individual is not only about the result assessed but also their attitude in the problem-solving process. The attitude here is a mathematical disposition. This research used descriptive qualitative analysis to determine and describe the extent to wich the indicators of mathematical problem-solving abilities have been achieved and to determine the level of the students’ mathematical disposition categories. Sampling was conducted by utilizing purposive sampling technique and obtained three subjects from the eleventh-grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah Salatiga. There were two instruments used in this research there are a mathematical problem-solving ability test and a mathematical disposition questionnaire. The validity of the data used was the data triangulation method. Results showed that student in the high mathematical disposition category is able to carry out all of Polya’s problem-solving stages. Student in the moderate mathematical disposition category can carry out the stages of understanding the problem, devising the problem-solving plan and carrying out the paln. In addition, student in the low mathematical disposition category can carry out the stage of understanding the problem.
Junior High School Students’ Creative Thinking Process on Equation of Straight Lines
Authors: Auliasari R , Sujadi I , Siswanto
Published: March 2021

The creative thinking process needs to develop for junior high school students because of the transition period from elementary school level. This study describes the creative thinking process of junior high school students in finding solutions to a math problem. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were two class VIII students. Data collection techniques used were test methods and semi-structured interviews. From the data, it was obtained that Subject 1 and Subject 2 had differences in the preparation and incubation stages where at the preparation stage Subject 1 read and observed the questions given silently then wrote down the information contained in the questions while Subject 2 read and observed the questions given softly without writing the information in the questions. In the incubation stage, Subject 2 took a longer time than Subject 1 in determining the strategy to be used. At the illumination and verification stage, Subject 1 and Subject 2 have the same thing to find a strategy to solve the given problem and only re-check the answers or solutions obtained when interviewed.
Elements of non-Euclidean geometry in the formation of the concept of rectilinear placement of points in schoolchildren
Authors: Kuz’mich V I , Kuzmich L V
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with issues of the metric geometry basics. In particular, the concept of rectilinear placement of points is considered, based on the axioms of the distance between two points of metric space. This approach allows forming a modern view of the property of straightness in the pupils. This paper analyzes the content of existing mathematics textbooks for general educational institutions to acquaintance of pupils with the elements of metric geometry. The first part of the paper provides information about the rectilinear placement of points; it can be used in Geometry lessons in the 7th– 9thgrades. Set of linear functions are considered as examples of points of metric space. The similar work was done in the second part of the work for geometric material of the 10th– 11thgrades. In addition, some simple examples of metric spaces that may be accessible to pupils of the relevant classes are discussed. The purpose of the work is gradually introduction of pupils to the elements of non-Euclidean geometries, to form a generalized notion of the distance between the points and rectilinear of their placement. The work can be used for Mathematics teaching at school and for retraining of teachers of Mathematics.
Replication, pseudoreplication and model experiment in the study of population genetics
Authors: Komarova E V
Published: March 2021

The paper is dedicated to the problem of true and pseudoreplication of a biological experiment, in particular in the educational process. It was found that this issue is relatively new and actual for the methodology of biological experiments in general. Its solution in science ensures the veracity of the results obtained and the relevancy of the formulated conclusions. In biology teaching methods at school, the problem of true and pseudoreplication of the experiment was not reflected. The author covers an issue of true replication teaching when setting up a model experiment to study genetic-evolutionary processes in populations. The paper discloses the experience in evolution of a model experiment and its development aimed at formation of ideas about technical and biological replication by the example of study of the genetic structure of an ideal population in generations. For this purpose, there was developed a web page that allows to automatically implement technical and biological experiment replication. There was described an experience of approbation of the proposed variant of the experiment, and its difficulties and advantages were revealed.
The application of geographic information systems in schools around the world: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kholoshyn I , Nazarenko T , Bondarenko O , Hanchuk O , Varfolomyeyeva I
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70 s – early 90s of the 20thcentury) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the 20thcentury – the beginning of the 21stcentury) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
Analysis of natural and technogenic factors on the seismicity of Kryvyi Rih
Authors: Pihulevskyi P G , Anisimova L B , Kalinichenko O O , Panteleeva N B , Hanchuk O V
Published: March 2021

Information is provided on the number of earthquakes in Kryvyi Rih and their parameters for the period 2007–2018. The types of seismic phenomena, the criteria for their identification are considered. The most probable natural and technogenic factors of the epicenters of local earthquakes are established by analyzing their location and sequence in time from the point of view of the tectonic features of the territory and the nature of the technogenic interference in its structure. The necessity of creating a local seismological network in Kryvyi Rih is substantiated. With a view to predict hazardous seismic phenomena, there is a need to continue hydrogeodynamic monitoring of ground water, to introduce seismic gravity monitoring and to conduct microseismic monitoring at mining enterprises. The results of systematic monitoring shall serve as the basis for seismic microzoning of the city. It is emphasized that popularization and dissemination of knowledge about the seismicity of mining regions among the population shall play an important role in the implementation of this task. The research materials can be used in the master’s degree programme within the framework of higher education system and in advanced training of specialists in the mining industry.
Information technology for mobile perimeter security systems creation
Authors: Lobanchykova N , Kredentsar S , Pilkevych I , Medvediev M
Published: March 2021

The main aim of this research is the creation of information technology for mobile (of rapid deployment) security systems of the area perimeter. This system appears to be a complex of models and methods, information, software, and hardware mean that have interacted with users during decision-making and control of implementation for management solutions. The proposed information technology aimed at improving the protection level for security departments by automating the process of danger detection for perimeters and decision-making for alarm. The structural model of the system, the model of the system's components interaction, and the model of identifying the subjects of emergency threats have been proposed. A method for identifying unauthorized access to the perimeter of the secure facilities, using the production model of knowledge representation, was created. It is a set of linguistic expressions (such as "IF-THEN") and the knowledge matrix. The method of ranking for objects, which are threats of unauthorized access to the perimeter for secure facilities, has been proposed. The practical value of work consists of the possibility of the use of this information technology by perimeter's security systems of various objects. Proposed models are complete and suitable for hardware and software implementation.
Single-rotor integrating gyroscopic gravimeter
Authors: Tkachuk A , Bezvesilna O , Dobrzhansky O , Ostapchuk A
Published: March 2021

The paper describes the gravity acceleration sensor (GAS) design, the technical characteristics of which provide an increase in the static transfer constant of the GAS, the ability to determine the current static transfer constant of the GAS, reducing the level of noise effects in the output signal of GAS. The acceleration vector components from the side of a moving vehicle add a noise to the gravity vector components. These investigations give an answer how to obtain of GAS’s desired metrological features by the developing of new GAS based on pendulous integrating gyroscopic accelerometer. The presented material can be seen as an example of how to explore a gyro system mechanics and how to develop new gyro systems structure. The presented methods and the sequences of expressions can be used in master’s and bachelor’s disciplines in the field of applied mechanics, instrument development and automatic control.
Development of career guidance quests using WebAR
Authors: Shepiliev D S , Semerikov S O , Yechkalo Yu V , Tkachuk V V , Markova O M , Modlo Ye O , Mintii I S. , Mintii M M , Selivanova T V. , Maksyshko N K , Vakaliuk T A , Osadchyi V V , Tarasenko R O , Amelina S M , Kiv A E
Published: March 2021

Career guidance quests that involve solving intellectual and search problems in a game are associated with one’s future career, being one of modern means of recruiting school leavers to vocational and higher educational institutions. Such specific computer tools of virtual and augmented reality as pupils’ mobile Internet gadgets can enhance visual character and interactivity of quest problems. The article deals with applying augmented reality in the web environment to solving these tasks. The authors propose a prototype of a career guidance quest system using WebAR technology.
Petri Nets Android application as a mobile aid for students’ mastering modelling
Authors: Bilousova L , Gryzun L , Sivochka I
Published: March 2021

Building models of various processes and their further investigation has been always in focus of different specialists’ training. There are some quite well known mechanisms and tools of modelling. However, Petri nets theory has found its wide application to the real-life parallel processes modelling. Petri nets give powerful facilities for dynamic models building and enable comprehensive learning of the process peculiarities. Hence, it is important to have relevant tools which allow to apply Petri nets potential to educational practice on purpose of earning by students skills of models building and investigation. The aim of the paper is to depict the functionality of the authors’ mobile Android application “Petri Nets Tool-Kit”, and to specify facilities and examples of its using for mastering modelling by students. Developed and represented in the paper mobile application provides students with the set of tools which enables to create, edit, save their own Petri nets as well as to change their parameters, visualize changing and play various scenarios of the modelled process. The “Petri Nets Tool-Kit” also contains relevant theoretical materials and the set of ready-made Petri nets examples, which makes the application attractive for mobile learning both in classroom activity and in students’ independent work in the context of their vocational training in terms of different specialties. The proper stages of learning activity for step-by-step mastering by students the basics of modelling and simulation are disclosed. It is shown that “Petri Nets Tool-Kit” is available exactly in its portable form for Android OS, which encourages students to mobile learning and arms them with a convenient simulation tool provoking them to improve their modelling and investigative skills anywhere during the day. The prospects of the work are outlined in terms of the empirical research as for validating the impact of modelling activity in the elaborated application on the trainees’ level of modelling skills.
Role and place of Informatics in the training of future teachers of mathematics
Authors: Ponomareva N S
Published: March 2021

The announcement of the 2020/2021 academic year as the Year of Mathematical Education in Ukraine and the adoption of the Concept for the Development of Natural and Mathematical Education (STEM-education) until 2027 were a response to the systemic crisis of mathematical training in general secondary education and training of mathematics teachers in Ukraine. The World focus on the integration of natural and mathematics, informatical and engineering education requires rethinking of the role and place of Informatics as a science, as a study discipline and as a basis of computer engineering in training future mathematics teachers. Nowadays, the teacher of mathematics should be capable for effective professional activity in a rapidly changing technology, educational paradigms and catastrophic educational disruptions, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodic quest: Reinventing the system
Authors: Semerikov S O , Teplytskyi I O , Soloviev V N , Hamaniuk V A , Ponomareva N S , Kolgatin O H , Kolgatina L S , Byelyavtseva T V , Amelina S M , Tarasenko R O
Published: March 2021

This article is an attempt to rethink the concepts of “methodic” and “methodologic / methodical system” as basic to educational technology. What should be the structure of a methodical system? What is primary – the methodical system or the methodology? How are methodical systems created and developed? How do educational technology and a methodical system relate? How does changing the components of a system make it emergent? These and other issues are explored through the development of a new class of teaching methods – computer-based training systems.
Formation of the scientist image in modern conditions of digital society transformation
Authors: Iatsyshyn Anna V , Popov O O , Kovach V O , Iatsyshyn Andrii V , Artemchuk V O , Radchenko O O , Deinega I I , Kovalenko V V
Published: March 2021

The publication considers factors that are influencing formation of scientists image especially: availability to inform scientist or scientific organization about the registration, scientometric indices, use of global identifiers to improve accuracy in calculating indicators, publication of papers in journals with high impact factor, publications in resources that provide visibility in global information space, involvement in global communications system, level of competence. Specialists in various fields of science developed a number of practical recommendations for various techniques and tools that can be used and are helpful to create and to make, both personal image and image of the organization, institution, firm, etc. Also, main directions of using digital technologies to create the image of scientists are identified and substantiated. Scientists formulated recommendations to make their own image using digital systems based on analysis of scientific literature and personal experience: author’s digital identifier ORCID, profiles in international scientometric systems, saved publications in electronic libraries, profiles in social and scientific electronic networks, etc.
Developing and using open electronic educational resources in educational activities
Authors: Velychko V Ye , Omelchenko S O , Khyzhniak I A , Fedorenko E G
Published: March 2021

The article looks into the effective use of open electronic educational resources. The concept of open electronic educational resources is exposed, their structure and key elements are presented, issues of implementation in educational practice are considered. Requirements for open electronic educational resources are defined, tools for designing and platforms for their support and dissemination are identified. The analysis of the existing open electronic educational resources and the experience of their use is conducted. The principles of open electronic resources design based on crowdsourcing are revealed. The stages of creating e-learning resources that meet open Creative Commons licenses on the examples of pre-service teachers’ training are explored. The essence of Creative Commons licenses is reflected. The theoretical and methodological principles of the use of open electronic educational resources in the educational activity of pre-service teachers are considered. There is a direct link between open educational resources and university education.
Linear four-element cylindrical helix antenna array in boreside and scanning radiation modes
Authors: Andreev Yu A , Koshelev V I
Published: March 2021

A cylindrical equidistant helix antenna has been created. The helix geometry of the antenna determined its central frequency of the operating band, equal to 1 GHz. This frequency corresponds to the maximum spectra of a bipolar voltage pulse with duration of 1 ns. Helixes identical to those of a single antenna were used in horizontal four-element linear arrays. Antenna arrays with different periods of d were studied in the axial mode with simultaneous excitation of elements by a bipolar voltage pulse of 1 ns duration and in the mode of scanning at a fixed angle in the horizontal plane. Experimental measurements were carried out in the frequency and time domains.
Improving conveyor weigher verification accuracy with reference weights without technological process shutdown
Authors: Galin I A , Dvuzhilova S N , Bokizhanov G I-M , Balandin V S
Published: March 2021

There are proposed the kinematic schemes of two-channel conveyor belt weighers which allow minimizing the errors of the verification using the reference weight without stoppage of the production process. There are presented two options of calculation of the reference weight mass simulating the bulk material taking into account the systematic and additional error of the conveyor belt weighers.
Statistical study of accuracy of the video-positioning system for GPR
Authors: Khmelev V L , Fomynikh A F
Published: March 2021

Here we present results of the statistical study of the accuracy of the local optical positioning system for the industrial GPR OKO-2. The results of measurement are forming a statistical set. The statistical set should verify the accuracy LPS. The proposed LPS uses special tapes with a special periodic pattern as a reference object. The video camera records the image of the marker tapes, was located on a fast mechanical scanner. The scanner produced an accurate movement of the camera perpendicular to the tape. During the moving process, LPS measures the distance between the camera and tape and compared it with the scanner data.
Analysis of transients in high voltage multipliers
Authors: Rajan R.N. , Mitra A. , Sharma D.K. , Dewangan S. , Patel R. , Das S.H. , Mondal J. , Bakhtsingh R.I. , Sharma A.
Published: March 2021

Different forms of Cockcroft-Walton multipliers are widely
used to generate very high voltages in the range of millions of
Volts. In many applications, high voltage multipliers are insulated
by pressurized gas, to realize compact systems. These systems are
often stressed to high operating electric fields and suffer frequent
discharges especially during high voltage conditioning phase. During
high voltage discharges, transient voltages appear in the system
creating higher stresses than normal operation in
components. Parasitic capacitance between the high voltage system
and ground can significantly affect transients in the system. In
this paper, a model for analyzing transients in series coupled high
voltage multiplier is presented. Typical transient voltage levels in
stage inductors and capacitors are discussed. Experimental results
with 1 MV, 100 mA symmetrical Cockcroft-Walton multiplier is
presented to corroborate predictions from theoretical model.
Comparing Psychometric Properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery to Gold-Standard Measures in Socioeconomically Diverse Older Adults
Authors: MacAulay R K , Boeve A , Halpin A
Published: March 2021

Objective

The National Institutes of Health Toolbox-Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) is an efficient computerized neuropsychological battery. This study investigated its psychometric properties in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and technology use in adults aged 57–87 (with an average age of 70).

Methods

Community-based participatory research procedures were used to enhance enrollment of adults with lower education and income backgrounds. Study procedures replicated work that compared the NIHTB-CB Crystallized and Fluid composites to analogous gold-standard (GS) measures and extended it by investigation of socioeconomic status and technology use-related differences in performance.

Results

The high correlations among the NIHTB-CB and GS analogous Crystallized and Fluid composites suggested good convergent validity. There was no evidence of significant education- or economic-related group differences in these associations. However, caution is needed as Cronbach’s alpha that indicated the NIHTB-CB Fluid composite had questionable internal item consistency. The NIHTB-CB and GS measures demonstrated poor discriminant validity in the high school but not college-educated groups. Regression analyses found that comfort with technology use, income, education, and age predicted better cognitive test performance on the computerized and paper-pencil measures.

Conclusions

There is an urgent need to improve the understanding of socioeconomic disparities influence on test scores and brain health. Lack of discriminant validity in the cognitive tests indicates that these measures could result in diagnostic errors within noncollege-educated older adults. These findings reduce confidence in the use of the NIHTB-CB Fluid composite in older adults and support that there is a significant socioeconomic-related digital divide in comfort with technology use.
Can Supranational Law Enhance Democracy? EU Economic Law as a Market-Democratizing Project
Authors: Tagiuri Giacomo
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on the economic regulatory component of the current backlash against liberal democracy and supranationalism in the European Union (EU). I identify a style of economic regulation that seeks to govern markets in the interest of insiders who are framed as vulnerable to the challenges of economic globalization – what I call rearguard economic regulation. While such regulation may be useful to reinforce national cultural attachments and a sense of belonging, it also has an anti-pluralist character that threatens markets’ emancipatory orientation. By identifying this challenge, the article seeks to defend a vision of markets as contributing to the promise of democracy, by fostering a plurality of options in each sphere of life. In the European context, I argue, EU economic law may be understood as advancing the realization of such a vision of markets. Viewed in this light, supranational and, specifically, EU economic law appear not so much as ordo- (or neo)-liberal straightjackets on national democracy but, instead, as providing mechanisms for democratization of the economy and society. Such democratizing potential is attributable to (i) the pluralist outlook of the law of EU integration, which forces member states to confront the plurality of forms of economic and social life existing within the polity and being further diversified by globalization as well as (ii) the deliberative and open-ended character of EU law adjudication, which may allow for progressive re-articulations of national market regulation.
MicroRNA-139-5p inhibits inflammatory and oxidative stress responses ofSalmonella-infected macrophages through modulating TRAF6
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Ye Tingyun , Wang Yizhang , Pan Lianlian , Ye Yali , Ding Zhengxiang , Bao Danni
Published: March 2021

Evidence indicates that macrophages play an important role in the immune system. Therefore, research involving inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in macrophages is of great significance. Many factors contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress, including Salmonella. We investigated the effect of the miR-139-5p/TRAF6 axis on the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of Salmonella -infected macrophages. Our findings revealed that miR-139-5p decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels to inhibit Salmonella-induced inflammatory responses in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Furthermore, miR-139-5p inhibited Salmonella-induced oxidative stress by strengthening SOD, CAT and GSH-PX activity, as well as lowering the malondialdehyde level in the RAW264.7 macrophages cell line. Subsequently, it was verified that TRAF6 was a downstream target of miR-139-5p in RAW264.7 cells. Rescue assays indicated that the over-expression of miR-139-5p inhibits the effects of TRAF6 on inflammatory and oxidative stress responses including Salmonella infection in RAW264.7 cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to verify that miR-139-5p inhibits inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of Salmonella-infected macrophages through regulating TRAF6. This discovery may offer new insights on inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in macrophages.
Resale or agency: pricing strategy for advance selling in a supply chain considering consumers’ loss aversion
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Li Bo , Zhao Ruidong
Published: March 2021

Advance selling activities are becoming more popular, especially in online retailing of new products. During the advance selling process, consumers may be loss averse. This influences the pricing strategy of the members of the supply chain. Using prospect theory and game theory, and considering consumers’ loss aversion, this paper studies the pricing strategy of advance selling in a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and an e-retailer under a resale contract or an agency contract. The study finds that as consumers’ loss aversion increases, supply chain members set lower prices. Consumers’ loss aversion has a positive impact on the member who directly prices to consumers, but it has a negative impact on the indirect member. Advance selling under an agency contract makes it easier to achieve a Pareto improvement than that under the resale contract. When the unit order fulfilment cost is low, the e-retailer prefers the agency contract.
Genetic parameter estimations and genomic insights for teat and udder structure in young and mature Canadian Angus cows
Authors: Devani Kajal , Crowley John J , Plastow Graham , Orsel Karin , Valente Tiago S
Published: March 2021

Poor teat and udder structure, frequently associated with older cows, impact cow production and health as well as calf morbidity and mortality. However, producer culling, for reasons including age, production, feed availability, and beef markets, creates a bias in teat (TS) and udder scores (US) assessed and submitted to the Canadian Angus Association for genetic evaluations toward improved mammary structure. In addition, due to the infancy of the reporting program, repeated scores are rare. Prior to the adoption of genetic evaluations for TS and US in Canadian Angus cattle, it is imperative to verify that TS and US from young cows are the same traits as TS and US estimated on mature cows. Genetic parameters for TS and US from all cows (n = 4,192) and then from young cows (parities 1 and 2) and from mature cows (parity ≥ 4) were estimated using a single-trait animal model. Genetic correlations for the traits between the two cow age groups were estimated using a two-trait animal model. Estimates of heritability (posterior SD [PSD]) were 0.32 (0.07) and 0.45 (0.07) for young TS and US and 0.27 (0.07) and 0.31 (0.07) for mature TS and US, respectively. Genetic correlation (PSD) between the young and mature traits was 0.87 (0.13) for TS and 0.40 (0.17) for US. Genome-wide association studies were used to further explore the genetic and biological commonalities and differences between the two groups. Although there were no genes in common for the two USs, 12 genes overlapped for TS in the two cow age groups. Interestingly, there were also 23 genes in common between TS and US in mature cows. Based on these findings, it is recommended that producers collect TS and US on their cow herd annually.
Innovative Cancer Survivorship Services for Rural and Underserved Communities
Authors: Argenbright Keith , Berry Emily
Published: March 2021

In 2006, the Institute of Medicine recognized that cancer survivors faced complex physical and emotional health problems, often overlooked or inadequately managed. In Texas, access to programs specifically designed to address unique needs of cancer survivors is almost nonexistent for low-income uninsured or underinsured patients. In response to the unmet care needs of underserved cancer centers, Moncrief Cancer Institute, an affiliate of the National Cancer Institute–designated UT Southwestern Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, established a community-based program using a survivorship care model similar to those offered in academic medical centers. Understanding that a one-size-fits-all approach could not successfully meet the needs across the service area, the cancer survivorship service line was mobilized to provide flexibility in delivery without sacrificing quality of care. The program continues to evolve, extending the foremost scientific information and resources into the communities it serves.
Searching for chemical abundance variations in young star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds: NGC 411, NGC 1718, and NGC 2213
Authors: Kapse Shalmalee , de Grijs Richard , Zucker Daniel B
Published: March 2021

The conventional picture of coeval, chemically homogeneous, populous star clusters – known as ‘simple’ stellar populations (SSPs) – is a view of the past. Photometric and spectroscopic studies reveal that almost all ancient globular clusters in the Milky Way and our neighbouring galaxies exhibit star-to-star light-element abundance variations, typically known as ‘multiple populations’ (MPs). Here, we analyse photometric Hubble Space Telescope observations of three young (<2-Gyr old) Large and Small Magellanic Cloud clusters, NGC 411, NGC 1718, and NGC 2213. We measure the widths of their red giant branches (RGBs). For NGC 411, we also use a pseudo-colour–magnitude diagram (pseudo-CMD) to assess its RGB for evidence of MPs. We compare the morphologies of the clusters’ RGBs with artificially generated SSPs. We conclude that their RGBs do not show evidence of significant broadening beyond intrinsic photometric scatter, suggesting an absence of significant chemical abundance variations in our sample clusters. Specifically, for NGC 411, NGC 1718, and NGC 2213 we derive maximum helium-abundance variations of δY = 0.003 ± 0.001(Y = 0.300), 0.002 ± 0.001(Y = 0.350), and 0.004 ± 0.002(Y = 0.300), respectively. We determined an upper limit to the NGC 411 nitrogen-abundance variation of Δ[N/Fe] = 0.3 dex; the available data for our other clusters do not allow us to determine useful upper limits. It thus appears that the transition from SSPs to MPs occurs at an age of ∼2 Gyr, implying that age might play an important role in this transition. This raises the question as to whether this is indeed a fundamental minimum age limit for the formation of MPs.
An improved model for the spectra of discs of nova-like variables
Authors: Hubeny Ivan , Long Knox S
Published: March 2021

The spectra arising from the discs of nova-like variables show many of the features seen in stellar atmospheres. They are typically modelled either from an appropriated weighted set of stellar atmospheres or a disc atmosphere with energy is dissipated near the disc plane, with the effective temperature distribution expected from a steady-state accretion disc. However, these models generally overpredict the depth of the Balmer jump and the slope of the spectrum in the ultraviolet. The problem is likely due to energy dissipation in the disc atmosphere, which produces a flatter vertical temperature profile than is observed in stars. Here, we provide validation for this hypothesis in the form of spectra generated using the stellar atmosphere code tlusty using a parametric prescription for energy dissipation as a function of depth and closely match the spectrum of the nova-like IX Vel over the wavelength range 1150–6000 Å.
Evaluating galaxy dynamical masses from kinematics and jeans equilibrium in simulations
Authors: Kretschmer Michael , Dekel Avishai , Freundlich Jonathan , Lapiner Sharon , Ceverino Daniel , Primack Joel
Published: March 2021

We provide prescriptions to evaluate the dynamical mass (Mdyn) of galaxies from kinematic measurements of stars or gas using analytic considerations and the VELA suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations at z = 1–5. We find that Jeans or hydrostatic equilibrium is approximately valid for galaxies of stellar masses above M⋆ ∼ 109.5 M⊙ out to 5 effective radii (Re). When both measurements of the rotation velocity vϕ and of the radial velocity dispersion σr are available, the dynamical mass $M_{\rm dyn} \!\simeq \! G^{-1} V_{\rm c}^2 r$, can be evaluated from the Jeans equation $V_{\rm c}^2= v_\phi ^2 + \alpha \sigma _{\rm r}^2$ assuming cylindrical symmetry and a constant, isotropic σr. For spheroids, α is inversely proportional to the Sérsic index n and α ≃ 2.5 within Re, stars for the simulated galaxies. The prediction for a self-gravitating exponential disc, α = 3.36(r/Re), is invalid in the simulations, where the dominant spheroid causes a weaker gradient from α ≃ 1 at Re, gas to 4 at 5Re, gas. The correction in α for the stars due to the gradient in σr(r) is roughly balanced by the effect of the aspherical potential, while the effect of anisotropy is negligible. When only the effective projected velocity dispersion σl is available, the dynamical mass can be evaluated as $M_{\rm dyn} = K G^{-1} R_{\rm e} \sigma _{\rm l}^2$, where the virial factor K is derived from α, given the inclination and vϕ/σr. We find that the standard value K = 5 is approximately valid only when averaged over inclinations and for compact and thick discs, as it ranges from 4.5 to above 10 between edge-on and face-on projections.
Mending the Net: Public Strategies for the Remediation of Network Failures
Authors: Samford Steven , Breznitz Dan
Published: March 2021

Market and hierarchical/organizational failures have long been the target of public policies explicitly aimed to mitigate their negative effects. However, in spite of a growing interest in policies around industrial clusters and business networks, scholarship on public efforts at remediating network failures has been ad hoc and lacking a binding theory. A central question is what strategies public agencies employ to repair network failures. We begin to answer this question by distinguishing between two distinct approaches: (1) “network construction” in which government agents actively build, re-shape, or thicken the structures of private sector networks; and (2) “network activation” in which government agents seek to alter the internal dynamics of existing private sector networks. To provide empirical support for these concepts, we provide a series of short international examples to illustrate the scope of network remediation activities as well as two in-depth cases that demonstrate how these mechanisms can work: the Canadian Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) and the specialized Mexican Lead Substitution Program.
Exploring Neighborhood Social Environment and Social Support in Baltimore
Authors: Mair Christine A , Lehning Amanda J , Waldstein Shari R , Evans Michele K , Zonderman Alan B
Published: March 2021

Intervention efforts include social support as a mechanism to promote well-being in diverse communities. Cultivating support can be complex, particularly in disadvantaged urban communities. This complexity is compounded by a lack of studies that attempt to map associations between urban neighborhood environments and social support exchanges. Authors address this gap by analyzing data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (Wave 1, 2004–2009), a 20-year epidemiological investigation of African American and White adults living in Baltimore City. Results of ordinary least squares linear regression models (N = 2,002) indicate that individuals who report that their neighborhoods have more social resources (p = .03), social order (p < .001), social cohesion (p = .002), and social control (p = .001) tend to exchange more social support. Respondents in neighborhoods with more social disorder report providing more support (p = .02), but receive less (p = .004). Neighborhood social environment is more consistently associated with support received from friends or other kin compared with spouses and children. These findings suggest that neighborhood social environments may be a key contextual consideration for social work intervention efforts and indicate need for macro-level interventions to complement existing micro-level interventions.
Understanding the most commonly billed diagnoses in primary care
Authors: Rogers Julia , Eastland Taryn
Published: March 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic, relapsing condition encountered commonly in primary care with an estimated worldwide prevalence of up to 33%. GERD affects all age groups, races, and genders with 25% of the population in the Western world experiencing heartburn at least once a month.
Online interprofessional learning environment to prepare Doctor of Nursing Practice students for team-based primary care
Authors: Posey Kimberly
Published: March 2021

Integrating interprofessional education in an online Doctor of Nursing Practice program is challenging. This article describes the implementation of an online interprofessional education program for students in Doctor of Nursing Practice Family Nurse Practitioner, Bachelor of Science in Nursing, and dietetics programs to prepare them for team-based primary care.
Breast Implant Utilization Trends in USA versus Europe and the Impact of BIA-ALCL Publications
Authors: Jalalabadi Faryan , Doval Andres F. , Neese Virginia , Andrews Elizabeth , Spiegel Aldona J.
Published: March 2021

Background:

The goals of this study were to analyze and compare breast implant preferences between US and European surgeons in terms of size, shape, and surface texturing. Furthermore, we set out to investigate the impact of BIA-ALCL scientific publications on surgeon practice patterns.

Methods:

Breast implant sales data from the USA and Europe dating from June 2013 to September 2018 were provided by one of the world’s leading breast implant manufactures (Mentor Worldwide LLC). Change-point analysis was used to identify when significant changes in sales trends occurred. These changes were compared with dates of government announcements and publications of landmark scientific articles regarding BIA-ALCL.

Results:

Our data demonstrate that US surgeons tend to prefer larger, smooth round implants compared with European surgeons, who prefer smaller, textured round implants. Despite these differences, medium-sized implants were still the most common size used between both regions. Sales trends illustrate an increase in smooth implants and a decrease in textured implants for both regions. Significant changes in trends align with publication dates of announcements and landmark scientific articles.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate definitive differences in implant preferences between the USA and Europe. We encourage physicians to continue their pursuit of publishing because it seems these publications affect medical device selection.
Levosimendan Versus Milrinone and Release of Myocardial Biomarkers After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Post Hoc Analysis of Clinical Trial Data
Authors: Thorlacius Elin M. , Vistnes Maria , Ojala Tiina , Keski-Nisula Juho , Molin Mattias , Romlin Birgitta S. , Synnergren Mats , Ricksten Sven-Erik , Wåhlander Håkan , Castellheim Albert
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:

We compared the effect of two inodilators, levosimendan and milrinone, on the plasma levels of myocardial injury biomarkers, that is, high-sensitivity troponin T and heart-type fatty acid binding protein, and on N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide as a biomarker of ventricular function. We hypothesized that levosimendan could attenuate the degree of myocardial injury when compared with milrinone.

DESIGN:

A post hoc, nonprespecified exploratory secondary analysis of the Milrinone versus Levosimendan-1 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02232399).

SETTING:

Two pediatric tertiary university hospitals.

PATIENTS:

Infants 1–12 months old, diagnosed with ventricular septal defect, complete atrioventricular septal defect, or Tetralogy of Fallot undergoing corrective surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

INTERVENTIONS:

Seventy patients received a loading dose of either levosimendan or milrinone at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass followed by an infusion of the respective drug, which continued for 26 hours.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

Plasma levels of the three cardiac biomarkers were measured prior to the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and 2, 6, and 24 hours after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. In both groups, the levels of high-sensitivity troponin T and heart-type fatty acid binding protein were highest at 2 hours post cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas the highest level of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide occurred at 24 hours post cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no significant difference in the biomarkers’ plasma levels between the study groups over time. Neither was there a significant difference in the postoperative peak plasma levels of the cardiac biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this post hoc analysis of the MiLe-1 trial, there was no demonstrable difference in the postoperative cardiac biomarker profile of myocardial injury and ventricular function when comparing infants managed in the perioperative period with levosimendan versus milrinone.