bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Good servant, bad master: sulfide influence on partial nitritation of sewage
Authors: Kouba V. , Proksova E. , Wiesinger H. , Vejmelkova D. , Bartacek J.
Published: September 2017

When applying partial nitritation (PN) to anaerobically pre-treated sewage, ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) will be exposed to dissolved sulfide and methane. Both sulfide and methane may inhibit nitrification. To gain knowledge necessary for sustaining PN under these conditions, we exposed an AOB enrichment and a mixed nitrifying culture to dissolved sulfide and methane. In the mixed nitrifying culture, sulfide selectively inhibited NOB activity (KI,AOB1 = 150 mg-S L−1, KI,NOB = 10 mg-S L–1) which shows that sulfide may help establish PN. The AOB enrichment showed similar KI,AOB2 (130 mg-S L–1), but nitritation activity lagged longer than the time necessary to remove sulfide from the liquid. This demonstrates that feeding of sulfide into established PN should be avoided. Methane inhibition of AOB enrichment was assessed in batch assays with 10 mg-CH4 L−1. As compared to control without methane, AOB enrichment activity was identical. Up to 51% of methane was converted to methanol, thus reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.
Molar Uprighting: A Considerable and Safe Decision to Avoid Prosthetic Treatment
Authors: Raveli Taísa Boamorte , Raveli Dirceu Barnabé , Mathias Almeida Kelei Cristina de , Pinto Ary dos Santos
Published: September 2017

Background:

Tipped lower molar over edentulous space is very common in orthodontics practice when adults seek treatment. The segmented arch technique features a predictable force system that provides a controlled release of force that can produce light and continuous tooth movement.

Case Description:

A female adult patient, who lost a permanent lower first molar, needed correction of the position of her permanent first molar place. Instead of making space for rehabilitation, it was closed after second molar uprighting and a balanced interdigitation was created without prosthetics. The patient was successfully treated with segmented arch technique using root correction spring activated with geometry VI to promote uprighting of a tipped molar and Niti spring coil to promote space closure.

Practical Implications:

Segmented arch technique is known to provide predictable light and continuous forces, which is very much indicated in adult treatment. There are several things to consider when orthodontically treating adult patients. Their periodontal conditions might not be ideal, less bone apposition may occur, and side effects of orthodontic tooth movement are expected. Thus, a predictable and controlled orthodontic treatment is needed.
Evaluation and Management of Failed Shoulder Instability Surgery
Authors: Cartucho António , Moura Nuno , Sarmento Marco
Published: September 2017

Background:

Failed shoulder instability surgery is mostly considered to be the recurrence of shoulder dislocation but subluxation, painful or non-reliable shoulder are also reasons for patient dissatisfaction and should be considered in the notion.

Methods:

The authors performed a revision of the literature and online contents on evaluation and management of failed shoulder instability surgery.

Results:

When we look at the reasons for failure of shoulder instability surgery we point the finger at poor patient selection, technical error and an additional traumatic event. More than 80% of surgical failures, for shoulder instability, are associated with bone loss. Quantification of glenoid bone loss and investigation of an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion are determining facts. Adequate imaging studies are determinant to assess labrum and capsular lesions and to rule out associated pathology as rotator cuff tears. CT-scan is the method of choice to diagnose and quantify bone loss. Arthroscopic soft tissue procedures are indicated in patients with minimal bone loss and no contact sports. Open soft tissue procedures should be performed in patients with small bone defects, with hiperlaxity and practicing contact sports. Soft tissue techniques, as postero-inferior capsular plication and remplissage, may be used in patients with less than 25% of glenoid bone loss and Hill-Sachs lesions. Bone block procedures should be used for glenoid larger bone defects in the presence of an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion or in the presence of poor soft tissue quality. A tricortical iliac crest graft may be used as a primary procedure or as a salvage procedure after failure of a Bristow or a Latarjet procedure. Less frequently, the surgeon has to address the Hill-Sachs lesion. When a 30% loss of humeral head circumference is present a filling graft should be used.

Conclusion:

Reasons for failure are multifactorial. In order to address this entity, surgeons must correctly identify the causes and tailor the right solution.
Natural History of Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Carpinteiro Eduardo Palma , Barros Andre Aires
Published: September 2017

Background:

The shoulder is the most complex joint in the body. The large freedom of motion in this joint is the main cause of instability. Instability varies in its degree, direction, etiology and volition and there is a large spectrum of conditions.

Methods:

Based on literature research and also in our own experience, we propose to elucidate the reader about the natural history of instability and its importance for the appropriate management of this pathology, by answering the following questions:

What happens in the shoulder after the first dislocation? Which structures suffer damage? Who are the patients at higher risk of recurrence? How does the disease evolve without treatment? Will surgical treatment avoid future negative outcomes and prevent degenerative joint disease? Who should we treat and when?

Results:

80% of anterior-inferior dislocations occur in young patients. Recurrent instability is common and multiple dislocations are the rule. Instability is influenced by a large number of variables, including age of onset, activity profile, number of episodes,delay between first episode and surgical treatment.

Conclusion:

Understanding the disease and its natural evolution is determinant to decide the treatment in order to obtain the best outcome. It is crucial to identify the risk factors for recurrence. Delay in surgical treatment, when indicated, leads to worse results. Surgical technique should address the type and severity of both soft tissue and bone lesions, when present.
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Unstable Shoulder
Authors: Cuéllar Ricardo , Ruiz-Ibán Miguel Angel , Cuéllar Adrián
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

To review the anatomy of the shoulder joint and of the physiology of glenohumeral stability is essential to manage correctly shoulder instability.

Methods:

It was reviewed a large number of recently published research studies related to the shoulder instability that received a higher Level of Evidence grade.

Results:

It is reviewed the bony anatomy, the anatomy and function of the ligaments that act on this joint, the physiology and physiopathology of glenohumeral instability and the therapeutic implications of the injured structures.

Conclusion:

This knowledge allows the surgeon to evaluate the possible causes of instability, to assess which are the structures that must be reconstructed and to decide which surgical technique must be performed.
Volar Dislocation of Second, Third and Fourth Carpometacarpal Joints in Association with a Bennet's Fracture of the Thumb Carpo-Metacarpal Dislocation: A Case Report
Authors: Ardente Pierluigi Di Felice , Biayna Joan Camí , Sarrias Jordi Saus , Muñoz Antoni Nuñez , Coll Guillem Figueras , Vergara Patricio
Published: September 2017

Injuries of the carpometacarpal joints of the long fingers are infrequent and go often unnoticed if a thorough clinical exploration and complete radiological assessment is not carried out. The overall frequency of carpometacarpal joints injuries is of 1-2% among trauma of the wrist and the carpus. These are normally secondary to high energy trauma (such as a car or a motorbike accidents). Among these kinds of injuries, the volar dislocation of the metacarpals is much less frequent than the dorsal dislocation, being even rarer the cases in which the three middle metacarpals are involved.

In this case report, we present a case of volar dislocation of the middle three carpometacarpal joints in association with a Bennet’s fracture of the thumb in a 30-year-old male. He was treated in the operating room with reduction and stabilization using Kirschner wires, which allowed a satisfactory recovery of the mobility of the fingers eight weeks after the intervention. It is important to produce an admission diagnosis of this kind of injuries to be able to treat them immediately. Treatment must be performed quickly to reduce and stabilize the dislocation, since this will avoid the vasculo-nervous compression or the edema which increases cutaneous suffering and the risk of complications.
Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve as a Donor Source for Digital Nerve Grafting: A Concept Revisited
Authors: Unal Mehmet Bekir , Gokkus Kemal , Sirin Evrim , Cansü Eren
Published: September 2017

Objective:

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the availability of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) autograft for acute or delayed repair of segmented digital nerve injuries.

Patients and Methods:

13 digital nerve defects of 11 patients; treated with interposition of LACN graft that harvested from ipsilateral extremity were included in the study. Mean follow up period was 35, 7 months. The mean time from injury to grafting is 53, 3 days. The results of the mean 2PDT and SWMT values of injured /uninjured finger at the end of follow up period were evaluated with Paired T test. The correlation between the defect length and the difference of 2PDT, SWMT values between the uninjured and injured finger at the end of follow up period; were evaluated with Pearson - correlation analysis.

Results:

The mean value of our 2PDT and SWMT results are ~5,923, ~3, 52, respectively in which can be interpreted between the normal and diminished light touch. The defect length and difference percentage of SWMT values is positively and significantly correlated statistically. Mean length of interposed nerve grafts was 18.5 mm. The age of the patient and the mean values of 2PDT and SWMT with the difference % of 2PDT and % of SWMT are not statistically correlated.

Conclusion:

Based on results regarding sensory regaining at recipient side and negligible sensory deficit at harvesting side, we suggest that lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve might be a valuable graft option for digital nerve defects.
Proximal Femur Locking Plate for Sub-Trochanteric Femur Fractures: Factors Associated with Failure
Authors: Zubairi Akbar , Rashid Rizwan Haroon , Zahid Marij , Hashmi Pervaiz Mahmood , Noordin Shahryar
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

Proximal femur locking compression plates (PF-LCP) have gained popularity since their inception due to superior biomechanical stability and durability but clinical experience has shown conflicting results including implant failure.

Objective:

To study the incidence of implant failure in patients with sub-trochanteric fractures managed with proximal femoral locking compression plate and identify potential risk factors associated with the failure.

Materials & Methods:

Fifty patients with sub-trochanteric fractures, operated upon with titanium PF-LCP were included in the study from January 2012 to December 2014. These plates were of two designs including one five 5.0 mm proximal locking screws (implant A) and other with three 6.5 mm proximal locking screws (implant B). Fractures were classified according to AO/OTA and Seinsheimer classification. Patients had regular follow-up visits for at least a year, allowing for clinical and radiological assessment of union and implant-related complications.

Results:

A total of 13 out of 50 (26%) plates failed of which 7 were implant fractures, 3 screw breakage and 3 screw cut outs. 70% of the failures occurred in elderly females. Overall implant failure was significantly more common in patients >50 years (p 0.04). Comparing the two different designs of implants used, implant A was more likely to fail at a plate screw density of 0.8 or more (p 0.02), whereas implant B was associated with significant failure when less than 4 proximal screws were used (p 0.03).

Conclusion:

This study revealed a high failure rate (26%) of this implant. Attention to the neck shaft angle difference, number of proximal screws and plate screw density may help reduce failure rates, particularly in elderly osteoporotic females.
Ocular Signs Related to Overweight and Arterial Hypertension in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schuh Daniela S. , Piccoli Ângela B. , Paiani Raquel L. , Maciel Cristiane R , Pellanda Lucia C , Vilela Manuel AP
Published: September 2017

Background:

The ocular effects of obesity and hypertension need to be established and can be used as prognostic markers.

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of ophthalmological alterations in children and adolescents who are overweight and/or have SAH.

Methods:

The database for this study included all observational studies (CS, cohort, case-control and “baseline”
description of randomized clinical trials) with children and/or adolescents who were overweight, obese or had SAH and that measured ophthalmological alterations.

Results:

Comparative studies with healthy children demonstrated positive association between body adiposity with retinal venular dilation, and SAH with retinal arteriolar narrowing. Different retinal fundus cameras and computer-assisted programs to evaluate the retinal vessels, variations in the methods of analysis, adjustments, populations, were the main arguments against formal meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was too high (I2 >90%, in fixed or randomized effects), and the lack of linearity, normal distribution and homoscedasticity did not recommend meta-regression.

Conclusion:

Obesity and SAH show associations with ophthalmological alterations, especially with retinal vessel diameter. Lack of standardization does not allow a quantitative evaluation.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Effect of Dietary Potassium Restriction on Nerve Function in CKD
Authors: Arnold Ria , Pianta Timothy J. , Pussell Bruce A. , Kirby Adrienne , O’Brien Kate , Sullivan Karen , Holyday Margaret , Cormack Christine , Kiernan Matthew C. , Krishnan Arun V.
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives

Neuromuscular complications are almost universal in CKD by the time that a patient commences dialysis. Recent studies have indicated that chronic hyperkalemia may contribute to the development of neuropathy in CKD. This study was undertaken to determine whether dietary restriction of potassium intake may be a neuroprotective factor in CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A 24-month prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was undertaken in 47 consecutively recruited patients with stages 3 and 4 CKD. The intervention arm (n=23) was prescribed a diet focusing on potassium restriction to meet a monthly serum potassium level of ≤4.5 mEq/L, with oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate provided if dietary advice failed to achieve the target. The control arm (n=24) received dietary advice regarding general nutrition. The primary outcome was the change in the total neuropathy score evaluated by a blinded observer. Secondary outcomes included electrolyte levels, gait speed, neurophysiologic parameters, and health-related quality of life scores. Five patients withdrew before initiation of treatment, and final analysis consisted of n=21 in each group.

Results

There was a greater increase in total neuropathy score from baseline to final assessment in the control arm compared with the intervention arm (6.1±6.2–8.6±7.9 controls; 7.8±7.4–8.2±7.5 intervention; change 2.8±3.3–0.4±2.2, respectively; P<0.01). The intervention significantly reduced mean serum potassium compared with controls (4.6±0.1–4.8±0.1 mEq/L mean recorded every 6 months over the trial duration; P=0.03). There were no adverse changes in other nutritional parameters. Improved gait speed was also noted in the intervention arm compared with the control arm, with a mean increase of 0.15±0.17 m/s in the intervention group versus 0.02±0.16 m/s in the control group (P=0.01).

Conclusions

Our results provide important preliminary evidence that dietary potassium restriction confers neuroprotection in CKD and should be confirmed in a larger multicenter trial.
Changes in Albuminuria and Subsequent Risk of Incident Kidney Disease
Authors: Sumida Keiichi , Molnar Miklos Z. , Potukuchi Praveen K. , George Koshy , Thomas Fridtjof , Lu Jun Ling , Yamagata Kunihiro , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Kovesdy Csaba P.
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives

Albuminuria is a robust predictor of CKD progression. However, little is known about the associations of changes in albuminuria with the risk of kidney events outside the settings of clinical trials.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In a nationwide cohort of 56,946 United States veterans with an eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, we examined the associations of 1-year fold changes in albuminuria with subsequent incident CKD (>25% decrease in eGFR reaching <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and rapid eGFR decline (eGFR slope <−5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year) assessed using Cox models and logistic regression, respectively, with adjustment for confounders.

Results

The mean age was 64 (SD, 10) years old; 97% were men, and 91% were diabetic. There was a nearly linear association between 1-year fold changes in albuminuria and incident CKD. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of incident CKD associated with more than twofold decrease, 1.25- to twofold decrease, 1.25- to twofold increase, and more than twofold increase (versus <1.25-fold decrease to <1.25-fold increase) in albuminuria were 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 0.89), 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 1.00), 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.20), and 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.38), respectively. Qualitatively similar associations were present for rapid eGFR decline (adjusted odds ratios; 95% confidence intervals for corresponding albuminuria changes: adjusted odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.94; adjusted odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 1.07; adjusted odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.29; and adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.54 and 1.81, respectively).

Conclusions

Relative changes in albuminuria over a 1-year interval were linearly associated with subsequent risk of kidney outcomes. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed associations and test whether active interventions to lower elevated albuminuria can improve kidney outcomes.
PRE-SERVICE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ CONCEPTION OF HIGHER-ORDER THINKING LEVEL IN BLOOM'S TAXONOMY
Authors: Samo Damianus D
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore pre-service mathematics teachers' conception of higher-order thinking in Bloom's Taxonomy, to explore pre-service mathematics teachers' ability in categorizing six cognitive levels of Bloom's Taxonomy as lower-order thinking and higher-order thinking, and pre-service mathematics teachers' ability in identifying some questionable items as lower-order and higher-order thinking. The higher-order thinking is the type of non-algorithm thinking which include analytical, evaluative and creative thinking that involves metacognition. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. The data were analyzed and visualized by percentages and diagrams. The participants are 50 Third-Year Students of Mathematics Education Department at Universitas Nusa Cendana. The results showed: (1) pre-service mathematics teachers' conception of lower-order and higher-order thinking more emphasis on the different between the easy and difficult problem, calculation problem and verification problem, conceptual and contextual, and elementary and high-level problem; (2) pre-service mathematics teachers categorized six cognitive levels at the lower-order and higher-order thinking level correctly except at the applying level, preservice mathematics teachers placed it at the higher-order thinking level; (3) pre-service mathematics teacher tend to made the wrong identification of the test questions that were included in the lower-order and higher-order thinking. One of the recommendations is pre-service mathematics teachers should be familiarized of higher-order thinking questions start from their first-year of study in University.
Adequação de medicamentos prescritos em pacientes em uso de sonda enteral em um hospital público no sul do Brasil
Authors: Ramos Camila Perlin , Kuhn Elisabete Hilda Gil , Girardi Ana Lara , Demartini Melissa , Deus Vanessa Felipe de , Dias Marília Flôres
Published: September 2017

Pacientes em uso de terapia nutricional enteral são alimentados através de sondas enterais, as quais,
também, são vias de administração de medicamentos. Nutrientes e fármacos interagem entre si e
com o trato gastrointestinal, sendo necessários cuidados para que esta terapia seja realizada de
forma adequada, com o intuito de evitar efeitos adversos relacionados à terapia nutricional enteral.
Os profissionais envolvidos na prescrição, dispensação e administração de medicamentos por sonda
enteral devem possuir conhecimentos e habilidades técnicas que assegurem a adequação do tratamento
medicamentoso em pacientes que fazem uso deste tipo de terapia. Existem poucos protocolos clínicos
que se referem ao uso de medicamentos na forma farmacêutica sólida via sonda enteral. Este trabalho
teve como objetivo verificar a inadequação da prescrição da forma farmacêutica sólida via sondas
enterais em pacientes internados em uma unidade clínica de um hospital público no sul do Brasil. Tratase
de um estudo observacional, transversal, em que foram analisados dados de prescrições médicas
de pacientes em uso de sondas enterais. Dentre os medicamentos com forma farmacêutica de uso
oral prescritos via sondas enterais, 94% (604) foram prescritos na forma farmacêutica sólida, destes,
42% (253) foram prescritos de forma inadequada. A alta prevalência de medicamentos prescritos
inadequadamente para administração via sonda demonstra a importância da atividade do farmacêutico
junto à equipe multidisciplinar na assistência de pacientes em uso de terapia nutricional enteral.
A theoretical study on the regio- and stereoselectivity of [3+2] cycloaddition of 2-(trifluoroacetyl)vinyl ethyl ether to 2-arylidene-5-oxopyrazolidin-2-ium-1-ides
Authors: Haghdadi Mina , Nab Nasim
Published: September 2017

[3+2] Cycloaddition reactions of 2-(trifluoroacetyl)vinyl ethyl ether (1) to substituted and unsubstitued 2-arylidene-5-oxopyrazolidin-2-ium-1-ides (2a?e) were studied using density functional theory (DFT) methods at the cc-pVDZ level. The mechanistic details of these reactions, especially with respect to regio- and stereoselectivity, were analyzed. Analysis of the relative energies that are associated with the different reaction pathways indicated that the presence of the trifluoroacetyl group in the dipolarophile and substituents on the aryl ring in the dipolar have a remarkable effect on selectivity. In addition, it was found that the ortho?endo pathway with the lowest activation energy is preferred, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the elimination of ethanol from the [3+2] cycloadducts and the formation of bicyclic pyrazolidinones are explained in order to give a total description of the complete domino processes. The inclusion of solvent effects increased the activation energies and the exothermic character of the cycloadducts, but did not change the gas phase selectivity. The DFT-based reactivity indices clearly predicted the experimental regiochemistry.
Hacia una nueva medición de niveles de luminosidad en ambientes interiores mediante el uso de una Red de Sensores Inalámbricos / Towards a new measuring luminosity level in indoor scenarios by using Wireless Sensor networks
Authors: Lara Cueva Román Alcides , Sangucho Velasco Mayra Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

El dispositivo electrónico comúnmente usado para medir el nivel de luminosidad en ambientes interiores y exteriores es el luxómetro; no se encontraron antecedentes investigativos relacionados con el uso de una red de sensores inalámbricos (WSN del inglés Wireless Sensors Network) para medir el nivel de iluminación en el interior de salas de clase. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de este artículo es medir los niveles de luminosidad en el interior de aulas de clase de educación superior mediante una WSN en la banda de frecuencia ISM de 2.4 GHz.  La recolección de datos se realizó durante el verano en dos aulas de clase, ubicadas en el primer y cuarto piso. Para medir la luminosidad se utilizó el método de los lúmenes para que los módulos configurables estuvieran distribuidos uniformemente en el interior de las salas de clase a una altura de un plano de trabajo de 0.80 m del nivel del suelo. Los resultados promedios del valor de luz detectado por cada sensor representaron el nivel de luminosidad y fueron comparados con valores existentes en la norma ISO-8995, en la que se recomienda que la luminosidad mínima en aulas de educación superior debe ser de 500 lux. Los resultados muestran que los escenarios de pruebas escogidos presentan una luminosidad máxima de 981 lux y mínima de 859 lux. Las aulas poseen una luminosidad superior a la recomendada por la norma ISO-8995 y no presentan sombras molestas porque tienen una iluminación natural y artificial adecuada.
Formação de professores de matemática e o ensino de polinômios
 Mathematics teacher education and teaching of polynomials
Authors: Lautenschlager Etienne , Ribeiro Alessandro Jacques
Published: September 2017

ResumoO presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar o conhecimento matemático de professores para o ensino de polinômios na Educação Básica. Escolheu-se o conceito de polinômio devido à sua importância dentro do conhecimento matemático e à sua pouca exploração em pesquisas que abordam do ensino e da aprendizagem de conteúdos algébricos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa interpretativa, a qual se utilizou de sequências didáticas elaboradas pelos professores em suas análises, as quais foram realizadas à luz do trabalho de Ball e colaboradores. As conclusões de nossa investigação apontam que as sequências didáticas destinadas ao ensino dos polinômios elaboradas pelos professores contemplam aspectos de um conhecimento matemático para o ensino puramente relacionado a aspectos procedimentais e, muitas vezes, desprovido de significados. Alerta-se para a urgência da formação continuada, com foco não somente nos conhecimentos pedagógicos, mas também nos conhecimentos específicos matemáticos. AbstractThis article aims to investigate the mathematical knowledge of teachers for the teaching of polynomials in Basic Education. The concept of polynomial was chosen due to its importance within the mathematical knowledge and to its little exploration in research that deals with the teaching and learning of algebraic contents. It is a qualitative interpretive research, which used didactic sequences elaborated by the teachers in their analyzes, which are realized under Ball and colleagues’ work. The conclusions of our investigation indicate that the didactic sequences destined to the teaching of the polynomials, elaborated by the teachers, contemplate aspects of a mathematical knowledge for the teaching purely related to procedural aspects and, often, devoid of meanings. It is alerted to the urgency of continuing education, focusing not only on pedagogical knowledge but also on specific mathematical knowledge.
A história da matemática contribuindo para a formação de professores indígenas: um olhar sobre a perspectiva sociocultural
 The history of mathematics contributing to the formation of indigenous teachers: a glimpse at the sociocultural perspective
Authors: Littig Jonisario , Alves Leonardo Correia , Lahass Lidiane
Published: September 2017

ResumoEsse artigo analisa relatos de formadores de professores indígenas realizado em dezembro de 2014 no município de Aracruz – ES. O curso foi oferecido por meio do projeto “Saberes indígenas”. O artigo objetiva explicitar as contribuições da história da matemática e as representações desse grupo cultural para a formação de seus professores. A metodologia, qualitativa, foi desenvolvida a partir de intervenções por meio do curso de formação. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram diários de bordo e entrevista com os formadores. Os resultados apontam as dificuldades de relacionar as representações culturais à matemática apresentada no curso. Concluímos que contemplar a história da matemática desse grupo no curso de formação pode contribuir na construção de conceitos matemáticos e na prática docente.AbstractThis article analyzes reports of trainers of indigenous teachers achieved in December 2014 in the city of Aracruz - ES. The course was offered through the project "Indigenous Knowledge". The article aims to make explicit the contributions of the history of mathematics and the representations of this cultural group to the formation of its teachers. The qualitative methodology was developed from interventions through the training course. The instruments of data collection were logbook and interview with the trainers. The results point out the difficulties of relating the cultural representations to the mathematics presented in the course. We conclude that contemplating the history of mathematics in this group in the training course can contribute to the construction of mathematical concepts and teaching practice.
The healthfulness and prominence of sugar in child-targeted breakfast cereals in Canada
Authors: Potvin Kent Monique , Cameron Cher , Philippe Sarah
Published: September 2017

Introduction

The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional content and
healthfulness of child-targeted and “not child-targeted” breakfast cereals and to assess
the predominance of added sugar in these products.

Methods

We collected data on the nutritional content of 262 unique breakfast cereals
found in the five largest grocery store chains in Ottawa (Ontario) and Gatineau
(Quebec). We noted the first five ingredients and the number of added sugars present in
each cereal from the ingredients list. The various cereal brands were then classified as
either “healthier” or “less healthy” using the UK Nutrient Profile Model. We assessed
each cereal to determine if it was child-targeted or not, based on set criteria. Statistical
comparisons were made between child and not child-targeted cereals.

Results

19.8% of all breakfast cereals were child-targeted, and these were significantly
lower in total and saturated fat. Child-targeted cereals were significantly higher in
sodium and sugar and lower in fibre and protein, and were three times more likely to be
classified as “less healthy” compared to not child-targeted cereals. No child-targeted
cereals were sugar-free, and sugar was the second most common ingredient in 75% of
cereals. Six breakfast cereal companies had child-targeted product lines that consisted
entirely of “less healthy” cereals.

Conclusion

There is a need for regulations that restrict food marketing to children and
youth under the age of 17 on packaging to reduce their appeal to this age group.
Children’s breakfast cereals also need to be reformulated through government-set targets,
or through regulation should compliance be deemed unacceptable.
Social Policy Experience In Indonesia: Case Study On Unconditional Cash Transfer Program
Authors: Sugandi Yogi Suprayogi
Published: September 2017

This Article is intended to the poverty incidence that occurred in Indonesia in 2005 and 2008 as the impact of rising world oil prices that led to the unconditional cash transfer program UCT (Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) i.e Indonesia literate) was launched in Indonesia. BLT program is one program that was launched by the Indonesian government in early 2005 and mid 2008. Unconditional cash transfer program is one of the social policy given to the poor as a way to reduce the impact of rising world oil prices that could affect the purchasing power of the poor in Indonesia. This program circulate the money of approximately US$ 10/month is regarded as an aid that is “giving charity” to the poorin Indonesia. This article also will show some of the BLT program as one of the social policy in Indonesia. The various obstacles encountered during this policy and also someeconomic and social problems encountered in this program, starting from the problems of counting the poor community, the implementation of the program until the end of thisBLT program. This will be a descriptive writing by describing a variety of archival and field data the government and conducted by the author. It is to intended the readers toknow how social policy was implemented in Indonesia as an experience.
MENGATASI MASALAH DISTORSI KOGNITIF PADA KLIEN USIA REMAJA DENGAN METODE COGNITIVE RESTRUCTRING FORM
Authors: Rizkiawati Rini , Asiah Dessy Hasanah Siti
Published: September 2017

Remaja merupakan suatu masa transisi dari anak-anak menuju dewasa. Mereka cenderung ingin mencari jati dirinya sendiri. Dalam proses tersebut seringkali mereka bertindak tanpa memikirkan dampak dari yang dilakukannya. Subyek penelitian adalah salah satu siswa kelas X SMAN Jatinangor yang memiliki masalah distorsi kognitif. Masalah tersebut berawal dari suasana rumah yang tidak membuatnya nyaman. Sehingga seringkali menimbulkan masalah-masalah baru dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Distorsi kognitif sendiri merupakan suatu cara berpikir seseorang yang berlebihan dan tidak rasional terhadap suatu hal atau masalah. Melihat masalah distorsi kognitif tersebut maka diperlukan pendampingan individual ini untuk membantu klien mengatasi permasalahan distorsi kognitifnya. Metode yang akan diberikan adalah dengan menggunakan Cognitif Restructuring Form (CRF). Tujuan pendampingan ini yaitu untuk mengatasi dari masalah distorsi kognitif. Metode tersebut diterapkan selama satu minggu dan hasilnya terlihat adanya perubahan yang baik.
DEFINISI KEKERASAN TERHADAP ISTRI DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL
Authors: Rusyidi Binahayati
Published: September 2017

Kekerasan terhadap istri merupakan bentuk paling umum dari tindak kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang dilaporkan di Indonesia. Pemahaman mengenai definisi kekerasan terhadap istri merupakan langkah pertama penanganan masalah karena pengakuan terhadap perilaku yang termasuk sebagai tindak kekerasan akan mempengaruhi bagaimana masyarakat merespon korban dan pelaku.Studi ini ini mendeskripsikan dan menguji faktor-fakrot yang berasosiasi dengan sikap mahasiswa sarjana program studi kesejahteraan sosial mengenai definisi tindak kekerasan terhadap istri berdasarkan perspektif sosial demografis dan sosial budaya. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan secara non-random menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui survey terhadap 294 mahasiswa kesejahteraan sosial dari 2 (dua) universitas di provinsi DI Yogyakarta dan Jawa Barat yang dilaksanakan pada akhir tahun 2016. Analisa data dilakukan dengan teknik simple regression. Studi menemukan bahwa para mahasiswa umumnya melaporkan persetujuan yang lebih besar untuk mengkategorikan kekerasan fisik sebagai bentuk kekerasan terhadap istri. Sebaliknya, mereka cenderung kurang memandang kekerasan non-fisik sebagai perilaku kekerasan. Gender, sikap terhadap peran jender, dan tipe universitas merupakan faktor signifikan yang berasosiasi dengan sikap terhadap tindak kekerasan terhadap istri. Implikasi dari temuan temuan studi ini didiskusikan dengan mengaitkan peran lembaga pendidikan dalam mempengaruhi sikap mahasiswa.
PEKERJAAN SOSIAL KOMUNITAS BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN (COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORK BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL)
Authors: Purwowibowo Purwowibowo , Hariyono Syech , Wahyudi Djoko
Published: September 2017

Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya faktor lingkungan dalam mendukung Sistem Usaha Kesejahteraan Sosial. Selama ini, praktik usaha kesejahteraan sosial masih dalam kerangka baku, yang hanya menggunakan pendekatan case work, group work, community organization dan community development. Sekarang telah disadari oleh para pakar kesejahteraan sosial dan pekerjaan sosial bahwa masalah kesejahteraan sosial juga berasal dari degradasi lingkungan.Agar dapat berperan aktif dan positif ahli kesejahteraan sosial dan pekerja sosial dalam melakukan intervensi komunitas, maka perlu menambah pengetahuannya tentang ekologi dan lingkungan agar mampu melakukan intervensi dengan baik. Metode intervensi ini berbasis lingkungan, sehingga dalam mengatasi masalah sosial pekerja sosial bisa melakukan pembelaan terhadap korban kerusakan lingkungan dan mampu berperan aktif dalam memberikan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya unsure lingkungan sebagai bagian hidup manusia.Dengan perkembangan ini, pekerja sosial dan ahli di bidang kesejahteraan sosial harus memperlajari ilmu-ilmu terkait lingkungan agar mampu melakukan praktik pekerjaan sosialnya dengan baik. Model pekerja sosial demikian dapat disebut sebagai ‘pekerja sosial hijau’ atau ‘green social worker’.
La protección extensiva de la jurisprudencia constitucional de mujeres con VIH/sida: gestantes y trabajadoras sexuales
Authors: Cruz Dannia Estefani López
Published: September 2017

A partir de la identificación del precedente jurisprudencial emanado de la Corte Constitucional, frente al amparo de la salud de personas que padecen el Síndrome de Inmuno Deficiencia Adquirida (SIDA) y/o son portadores del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), se identifican los criterios adoptados por la Corte encaminados a garantizarle a ese segmento de la población la protección en materia de salud, teniendo en cuenta que esta no se consideró como derecho fundamental en la Carta Política colombiana – sin embargo, asumiendo la Corte Constitucional el papel de garante en su protección, desde sus primeros pronunciamientos, determina el alcance y contenido de forma diferente en relación con la época del fallo. De lo anterior se colige el desarrollo extensivo en la protección constitucional a la salud, ya que se vino amparando en el Artículo 13 de la Constitución el cual evoca el derecho a la igualdad, verbi gracia, el fundamento jurídico de los primeros fallos de revisión de tutelas, estuvo amparado en ese derecho, en el acceso a servicios de salud y posteriormente fue sustentado en la protección del derecho social a la salud en conexidad con el derecho fundamental a la vida, para que en los últimos fallos se determinara que la salud siempre ha sido un derecho fundamental autónomo, en cuanto no requiere de la conexidad con derecho fundamental alguno, para ser salvaguardado judicialmente desde los fallos de tutela, sino que debe ampararse directamente como un derecho fundamental independiente.
SIFAT PULP BERBAHAN BAKU ALGA MERAH Gracilaria sp. DAN Eucheuma sp. (THE PROPERTIES OF PULP FROM Gracilaria sp. AND Eucheuma sp. RED ALGAE)
Authors: Apriani Rachmawati , Zulfahmi Ilham
Published: September 2017

The study aimed to determine the properties of pulp prepared from Gracilaria sp. and Eucheuma sp. red algae. The experiments were conducted during the month of October 2016 at Bandung Institute of Technology and Science and the Center for Pulp and Paper. Soda pulping with 10% NaOH charge at 105 o C was carried out to produce pulp from Gracilaria sp. and Eucheuma sp. Pulp handsheets were prepared according to the standard procedures TAPPI T205 sp - 95. The present experiments were consisting of four treatments i.e. A (60% algae pulp: 40% NBKP), B (70% algae pulp : 30% NBKP), C (80% algae pulp : 20% NBKP) and D (100% NBKP). The Kappa numbers, tearing strength, tensile strength and brightness of pulp were determined. The results showed that the Kappa number of Eucheuma sp. pulp was lower than that of Gracilaria sp. pulp. The highest tearing and tensile strength of pulp were obtained from treatment A (60% Eucheuma sp. pulp : 40% NBKP), i.e. 933.5 ± 19.5 and 3.16 ± 0.07 mN kN/m, respectively. Meanwhile, the Gracilaria sp. pulp retained a higher brightness than Eucheuma sp. pulp. Pulp produced from treatment A (60% Gracilaria sp. pulp: 40% NBKP) resulted in the highest brightness of 67.18 ± 1.59%. ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan sifat pulp berbahan baku Gracilaria sp. dan Eucheuma sp. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Oktober 2016 di Institut Teknologi dan Sains Bandung serta Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas. Gracilaria sp. dan Eucheuma sp. diproses dengan mengekstraksi selulosa pada suhu maksimum 80o C selama 140 menit (20 menit untuk mencapai suhu maksimum dan 120 menit pada suhu maksimum). Bahan kimia yang digunakan, yaitu NaOH sebanyak10% dari berat kering alga. Lembaran uji dibuat mengikuti metode TAPPI (T205 sp - 95). Variasi perlakuan penelitian adalah A (60% pulp alga : 40 % NBKP), B (70% pulp alga : 30% NBKP), C (80% pulp alga : 20% NBKP), dan D (100% NBKP). Pengamatan parameter meliputi bilangan Kappa, ketahanan sobek, ketahanan tarik dan derajat cerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pulp Eucheuma sp. memiliki bilangan Kappa yang lebih rendah dari pulp Gracilaria sp. Ketahanan sobek dan ketahanan tarik tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan A (60% pulp Euchema sp. : 40 % NBKP), yaitu masing-masing sebesar 933,5 ± 19,5 mN dan 3,16 ± 0,07 kN/m. Sementara itu, lembaran uji dari pulp Gracilaria sp. memiliki derajat cerah lebih tinggi dari derajat cerah pulp Euchema sp. Derajat cerah tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan A (60% pulp Gracilaria sp. : 40 % NBKP) sebesar 67,18 ± 1,59 %.
Caracterización de las actividades de medicina complementaria en pacientes del seguro social del Perú. 2010-2014
Authors: Villar López Martha , Ybáñez Cuba Elizabeth , Arévalo Celis Carlos , Astahuamán Huamán Danna , Angulo-Bazán Yolanda , Alarcón Pimentel Sandra
Published: September 2017

Objetivos:describir los principales indicadores de producción del servicio de Medicina Complementaria (MC) del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) en el periodo 2010-2014. Materiales y métodos:estudio descriptivo, se revisaron los informes operacionales de MC del periodo 2010-2014. Se calcularon las atenciones, atendidos, rendimiento y concentración de MC, así como, las terapias individuales y grupales que se llevaron a cabo; la frecuencia de preparados farmacológicos, y la disminución del consumo de medicamentos. Resultados:se atendieron 277 270 pacientes y se realizaron 624 740 atenciones. El 71,8% de los atendidos fueron mujeres. El 39,9% de las atenciones se realizaron en pacientes entre 60-79 años. La causa más frecuente de consulta fue poliartrosis (21,5%). Se realizaron 2 392 040 terapias individuales y 54 611 terapias grupales; las más frecuentes fueron la acupuntura corporal (15,8%) y el taichí (29,3%), respectivamente. El 61,8% de preparados farmacológicos fueron neuralterápicos. Se encuestaron a 54 611 pacientes de los cuales el 50,8% reiere que disminuyó el consumo de los medicamentos. Conclusiones: el número de atenciones y de atendidos en el servicio de Medicina Complementaria ha venido en aumento en los últimos 3 años. La concentración de los servicios se ha venido uniformizando a nivel de Unidades básicas de Medicina Complementaria- UMEC y Centros de Atención de Medicina Complementaria - CAMEC. Los usuarios son frecuentemente mayores de 40 años y mujeres. El taichí chuan y la acupuntura corporal son las terapias más utilizadas. Así mismo, los preparados neuralterápicos fueron los de mayor prescripción. Más del 50% de los pacientes que se atienden en el servicio de Medicina Complementaria tienden a disminuir el consumo de medicamentos prescritos.
Efecto hipoglicemiante de los extractos de tabebuia obscura (tahuari oscuro) sobre ratas con diabetes mellitus experimental
Authors: Aranda-Ventura José , Villacrés Jorge , Mego Rosario
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: determinar el efecto del extracto acuoso lioilizado de Tabebuia obscura (Bureau & Schumann) Sandwith (tahuari oscuro) en los valores de glicemia en ratas con diabetes inducida experimentalmente. Materiales y métodos:se indujo diabetes experimental con aloxano a 24 ratas macho Holtzman, las cuales fueron distribuidas en cuatro grupos de seis ratas cada uno. El Grupo I recibió 3 mL de agua destilada (control); el Grupo II: glibenclamide 10 mg/kg (control positivo); el Grupo III: Tabebuia obscura100 mg/kg, y el Grupo IV: Tabebuia obscura 200 mg/kg. Se determinó la glicemia antes y después de la inducción con aloxano. Luego, se evaluó a la 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h y 24 h después de administrar las intervenciones. Resultados:se encontraron diferencias signiicativas (p<0,05) en los promedios, y se encontró correlación lineal en los valores de glicemia de los grupos II, III y IV. El grupo III y el grupo II tuvieron desempeños similares (p=0,456) en lograr disminuir la glicemia; con un coeiciente de correlación intraclase de 0,70. Conclusiones: el extracto acuoso lioilizado de Tabebuia obscuraen dosis de 100 mg/kg tiene un efecto hipoglicemiante similar a la glibeclamide a 10 mg/kg en ratas Holtzman macho con diabetes experimental inducida por aloxano.
Análisis de la confiabilidad del test Fantástico para medir Estilos de vida saludables en trabajadores evaluados por el Programa “Reforma de Vida”del Seguro Social de Salud (Essalud)
Authors: Villar López Martha , Ballinas Sueldo Yéssica , Gutiérrez César , Angulo-Bazán Yolanda
Published: September 2017

Objetivo. Analizar la confiabilidad del test FANTÁSTICO para evaluar estilos de vida saludables en trabajadores intervenidos por el programa “Reforma de Vida” en Lima, desde enero hasta diciembre 2015. Materiales y método.Estudio transversal. Se incluyeron las historias clínicas de trabajadores mayores de 18 años, quienes hayan llenado en su totalidad el cuestionario FANTÁSTICO. Se realizó un muestreo por criterio; donde se obtuvo una muestra de 488 trabajadores. El análisis de confiabilidad se realizó mediante el alfa de Cronbach, correlación ítem-total y análisis factorial exploratorio (método de máxima verosimilitud y VARIMAX). Resultados.Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0,778. Se observó un leve aumento del alfa de Cronbach después de eliminar cuatro preguntas. Con respecto al análisis factorial, se observó una buena consistencia en la agrupación y pertinencia de las preguntas en los diez ítems pertenecientes al cuestionario FANTÁSTICO. Conclusiones.La confiabilidad de esta versión modificada del cuestionario de estilos de vida FANTÁSTICO es aceptable, con una consistencia interna alta y una estructura coherente de organización de preguntas en cada ítem.