bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept Of Developing Unmanned Self-Propelled Vehicles
Authors: Lipanov A. M. , Petrushin S. A. , Kuznetsov A. L.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses conceptual designs for development of unmanned self-propelled wheeled vehicles to study space bodies such as the Mars and the Moon. All previously used designs were conceptually developed in the 1960s on the basis of the Russian space school and have shown them to advantage, although they had some serious drawbacks. At present, when the race to conquer space of the Moon and Mars is underway, where more and more new 'players' are included, the development of self-propelled propellers capable of not only to move, but also to perform very complex research functions for a long period of time seems to be a very difficult and urgent task. A group of scientists carrying out research on the developing of an unmanned self-propelled wheeled vehicle capable of transporting wounded miners from the mines or fighters from the battlefield have developed a fundamentally new conceptual design based on two-wheeled modules connected by a unique coupling device that provides high stability, passability and reliability. Further tests of the developed unmanned self-propelled wheeled vehicle showed that this concept can be successfully used for development of space objects such as the Moon and Mars. Consultations with specialists of industrial organizations of Udmurtia proved the correctness of the conclusions and confirmed the technical possibilities of implementing this project at their production facilities. Considering that the industrial enterprises of the Udmurt Republic have all the necessary competencies in the development of spacecraft control systems, the production of unique electric motors and materials capable of operating in extreme space conditions gives the right to consider the proposed concept as a very promising development that has no analogues in the world and provides technological superiority in the process of exploration of the Moon and Mars.
Energy-Efficient Solutions in Design, Construction and Operation of Thermal Power Plants and Heating Networks
Authors: Taranukha N. L. , Pankov S. N. , Kanakov I. D.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with topical issues related to the introduction of energy-efficient measures in the energy sector of Russia. A comprehensive study and research of the current situation in the field of technological processes for generating electric and thermal energy of thermal power plants (hereinafter TPP), transportation and distribution of energy in thermal networks has been carried out. The analysis of the main equipment and the parameters of the working environment influence on the efficiency of the thermal power plant, taking into account the technological features and energy losses of the steam power cycle of heat and electric power generation, was carried out. The main existing problems and sources of energy losses in heat supply systems are considered. Recommendations are given for introduction and development of energy-efficient solutions and technologies in the design, construction and operation of thermal power plants and heating networks. Promising measures aimed at maximum effect of energy saving are proposed for consideration, including the design and construction of new or modernization of existing thermal power plant equipment, the introduction of combined-cycle power plants, the use of frequency drives of critical rotating mechanisms, the introduction of automatic or remote manual process control systems, the introduction of digital production, including digital counterparts of objects, digital heating points and electrical substations, installation of additional sensors and metering devices with the introduction of monitoring systems and predictive prognostics of equipment, the use of geo-information systems with visualization of three-dimensional schemes and the development of mathematical models of heating networks, carrying out a full-scale instrumental control of critical pipelines metal using robotic complexes. Practical examples of energy-efficient measures application at existing thermal power plants and heating networks are given.
Acoustic and Electromagnetic Properties of Civilian Gun Blanks
Authors: Muravyov V. V. , Muravyova O. V. , Vagapov T. R. , Makarova V. E. , Stepanova E. A.
Published: December 2023

The non-uniformity of acoustic properties of civilian gun barrel blanks has been studied. Four samples of civilian gun barrel blanks from the same batch, obtained after the first stage of the technological process, were subjected to the study. The blanks are of cylindrical shape with diameter of 34 mm, 210 mm in length and are made of high quality carbon steel 50A. In the research, a control echo-shadow method of multiple reflections was used with the application of an electromagnetic-acoustic transducer and a piezoelectric transducer based on a polyvinyl-dente-fluoride film for excitation and reception of waves. On the basis of the studies carried out using the echo-shadow method of multiple reflections on the samples of civilian gun barrel blanks, the following informative parameters were measured: the speed of the transverse, longitudinal and Rayleigh waves, and the elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio were calculated on their basis. The echo-shadow method of multiple reflections showed high sensitivity of the measured informative parameters of ultrasonic waves to material inhomogeneities in individual sections along the length of barrel blanks, which may be due to violations of machining processes. For transverse and Rayleigh waves, such parameters as the coefficient of detectability and dispersion are calculated, which also indicate the inhomogeneity of properties in individual sections with respect to length of the sample blanks. Using a micrometer, the diameters of the bars were measured at 17 points, and the minimum and maximum values were recorded at each point, which correlates with the results of measuring the wave velocities. The relative values of the electrical conductivity on each bar along the generatrix in 4 positions of the circle (0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees) were measured. Deviations of the obtained electric conductivity values up to 5% being the evidence of local inhomogeneities of electric properties revealing structural inhomogeneity is observed. Value inhomogeneity of coercitive force up to 0.7 A/cm along blank circumference.
Development of Software and Tools to Optimize a Manufacturing Enterprise Logistics in Food Industry
Authors: Blagodatsky G. A. , Gorokhov M. M. , Dokuchaev D. E.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the logistics automation for a manufacturing enterprise engaged in food production and delivery. In particular, optimization of product delivery routes to customers. Light vehicles are used to deliver products around the city. Vehicle route optimization that delivers loads to the shipment terminal within the city. Routes are specified with maldistribution of shipment terminals on the map and limited delivery time. The enterprise delivers finished products to stores daily, reducing the cost and time of delivery will increase not only the profit of the enterprise, but also customer satisfaction, because they will be able to receive goods earlier, the goods will be fresher, which gives the enterprise a competitive advantage. The tasks of optimizing delivery routes are relevant for all enterprises in the sphere of production or trade that have in their structure fleet vehicles for the delivery of products, or enterprises for which delivery is the main activity. The complexity of finding the optimal route when drawing up a transportation plan increases significantly with the increase in the number of delivery terminals and their distance from each other within the complex road network of the city. An increase in the number of buyers increases the number of possible routes, finding the optimal route without using optimization methods becomes a difficult task. The article proposes an algorithm for minimizing the product delivery plan by reducing the length of the route. A comparison of changes in the controlled variable U with a fixed production plan Q, as well as with a change in the production plan Q and delivery plan D(R) to analyze the profitability of product delivery is made.
Optimal Control Model for Territory with Special (Preferential) Development Regime
Authors: Shatalova О. М. , Likhopud S. A.
Published: December 2023

The article presents the result of multicriteria optimization mathematical model to control territories with a preferential development regime (TPDR) development. TPDR are an institutional form of management of the spatial economy. TPDR should contribute to the outpacing social and economic growth of the regions. Implementing such functions, an effective methodological apparatus for decision-making support is needed. In particular, mathematical methods of optimal control can be used. The purpose of the research was to develop a complex model that allows to make an indicative predictive estimation of the main parameters of the TPDR, as well as multi-criteria optimization. The model is designed to solve the problem of choosing an acceptable control strategy from a discrete set of feasible alternatives. The research used two groups of methodological foundations: deterministic methods of predictive estimation of parameters, as well as methods of vector multicriteria optimization using a generalized criterion. The article provides an example of a numerical implementation of the TPDR control model, which was developed as a part of the study. This example illustrates the practical applicability of the model and the result of multi-objective optimization. The optimization problem was solved from the position of restrained pessimism of the decision maker based on the generalized maximin criterion, the minimax regret criterion, and the optimism-pessimism criterion. The proposed mathematical model of multicriteria optimization provides a comprehensive representation of the main economic factors of the optimal control of the TPRR and contributes the formation of a set of acceptable alternatives, as well as system analysis from the standpoint of rational management. Also, the model reveals the structural and functional content of the TPDR management mechanism and explicates the composition of significant economic parameters. This determines the importance of the model as the basis for the development of an information-analytical system for the optimal control of TPDR.
Flaw Detection in the Deep-Rod Pump Cylinder after Ion Nitriding
Authors: Khomutov A. S. , Muraviev V. V.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to evaluation of ion nitriding influence on possible deformation of deep-rod pump cylinders made of 38X2MUA steel tube blank. This article describes the analysis of the main flaws in the samples of deep-rod pump cylinders, obtained by cylinder surface hardening by means of plasma nitriding. Several samples of deep-rod pump cylinders of were selected, subjected to machining in accordance with technological process, chemical and heat treatment of the internal working diameter of cylinders by ion nitriding. Manufactured samples were subjected to instrumental control on Aerotest «Cylinder WGN-R»of actual parameters of the inner cylinder diameter to the required by design documentation. Further, sample witnesses were made from the cylinders to test nitrited layer hardness and to make metallographic analysis of the nitrited layer microstructure. The study revealed deviations in the shape and dimensions of the inner cylinder diameters, which were classified into two types: hoop and oval strains. Metalographic and hardness tests results showed deviation in surface hardness and deviation from the nitrited layer normal microstructure. The structure of the nitrited layer of the strained specimens has large surface nitride inclusions and a loose nitrited layer, regardless of the flaw type. Also, defective samples lack the required high-quality nitride area of higher hardness, to provide high corrosion and tribotechnical properties determining the life-span of the deep-rod pump cylinder. In this way, the main types of flaws arising at hardening of the internal cylinder working diameter have been identified and classified. The microstructure of the nitrited layer in the standard and defective samples is investigated and described. The correlation between nitrited layer structure flaws and geometrical parameters of the inner cylinder diameter have been determined.
Method of Digitally Presented Texts Extraction from the Image of a Document and their Examination
Authors: Allaberganov A. A. , Kataev M. Yu.
Published: December 2023

In this work, the problems of extracting textual information from a document image are solved. It is important to note that the work includes complex use of special knowledge in three areas: technical and forensic examination of documents; phototechnical expertise and computer-technical expertise. The article considers and demonstrates in detail the information for detecting changes in textual information (ink, toner and writing instrument pastes) from digital images. The commission of crimes in the economic sphere, as a rule, is associated with the falsification (forgery) of documents, and the increase in the document flow in the regulation of legal relations, which has been noticeable in recent years, has led to a significant increase in the number of forged documents. This is confirmed by statistical data on forensic handwriting and technical forensic examinations. Since the document is the basis of all human activity, and it contains data drawn up in a certain order and having legal significance. The problem has got many interesting solutions thanks to practical applications such as text recognition, translation, forensics and etc. Despite the fact that this problem has been dealt with for a long time, it is still missing, i.e. there is no well-developed methodology for image recognition of documents. The image of text information depends on the type of scene, type of digital camera, amount and direction of illumination, type of substrate and etc. It is important to note here that when obtaining information (from the document under study) in modern conditions, it is possible to fix the document using any device (camera, smartphone, scanner and etc.) and in any conditions (day/night, street, radiation source) that are unknown in advance. Proceeding from this, and this is a problem in modern conditions, in the study of electronic digital information of text documents. In this work, a study to solve this problem was carried out.
Modeling of the Gas Dynamic Processes with Different Equations of State
Authors: Tenenev V. A. , Koroleva M. R.
Published: December 2023

The work is devoted to the study of the features of gas-dynamic processes at the high pressures. The flows of air, hydrogen and water vapor are considered. The results obtained using the ideal gas equation and two real gas equations - van der Waals and Soave-Redlich-Kwong are analyzed. The comparison has been done on the numerical simulation results for the safety valve operation problem. The problem was solved in a three-dimensional non-stationary formulation using the finite volume method. Numerical solution method was built on the basis of the Godunov’s method. The results of a comparison of isotherms for each media are presented. Those are obtained using the considered equations of state in the regions when the gases thermodynamic parameters are changed. The influence of the gas model on the processes in the safety valve has been studied in detailsfor hydrogen. A detailed comparison of the local distributions of pressure, temperature, density, and flow velocity has been made. The complex impact of the flow parameters was studied using the integral characteristics - the gas-dynamic force acting on the disk and the gas flow rate. It has been found the gas-dynamic forces obtained within the framework of ideal gas model and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong gas are close to each other in magnitude and exceed the force for the van-der-Waals gas. However, the flow rate of ideal gas significantly exceeded that for both real gases. It is due to a twofold increase in density, which is not compensated by a decrease in the flow velocity. Thus, to obtain accurate data on the dynamic and velocity effects of gas flows on technical devices at high pressures it is necessary to use the real gas equations of state.
Improving the Efficiency of the Organization Based on the Automation Criterion
Authors: Grachev M. I.
Published: December 2023

The modern development of information technologies involves their introduction into the technological processes of enterprises and organizations. At the same time, the head of an enterprise or organization is faced with a stream of problems arising in the work of the system he manages, must make timely decisions to identify the flow of problems arising in the system, identify them and neutralize them as soon as possible, for this he needs to have an analytical dynamic solution model. The published literature currently considers models based on the analysis. Consideration of the model on the basis of a natural-scientific approach will allow you to build a model adequate to the situation under consideration, which will bring results. In this study, an analytical dynamic decision model for a decision maker (LPR) has been developed. Formed on the basis of the synthesis process, the transformation of a management decision into a solution model. The solution model will depend on the basic components of the system under consideration for the occurrence of a flow of problems, identification of a flow of problems and neutralization of a flow of problems. The resulting synthesis indicator of the implementation of the management solution allows you to identify the flow of problems in the managed system and neutralize it, as well as to obtain characteristics about the operation of the managed system. By setting the required indicator of the effectiveness of the implementation of a management decision and solving the inverse problem, the manager can obtain the necessary characteristics of the system to guarantee the achievement of the goal of the activity. As a result, the manager receives the automation criterion and, with the help of the resources available to him, adjusts the work of the organization to the required level of the indicator. The automation criterion obtained in the work will be the rule by which the automation of the enterprise takes place, which will allow solving important tasks for the LPR and timely counteract emerging problems in the management system.
Methodology Improvement of Common Data Environment Organization to Design the Section 'Land Plot Layout Scheme'
Authors: Grakhov V. P. , Yakushev N. M. , Dunaeva K. V.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with current issues of the introduction of building information model technologies, which are a tool for digitalization of the construction industry, into the workflow of design organizations. The problems and disadvantages of the existing system in organization of joint work are revealed based on the analysis of the current state, assessment of internal and external factors that affect the management of the working environment within the organization. The general principles of the formation of a unified environment based on the use of information modeling technologies - the common data environment (CDE) are analyzed. The concepts of forming a common data environment with their subsequent analysis in order to identify advantages and disadvantages are considered. The article concludes that it is necessary to organize a common data environment through the use of specialized software that has significant advantages over other methods, the main of which is the ability to work with a consolidated model. A step-by-step plan for the implementation of the common data environment in the activities of project organizations is proposed. The plan is divided into four stages: the preparatory stage, the analytical stage, the testing stage and the stage of full implementation of the common data environment. Taking into account the identified problems, an improved methodology for organizing the common data environment in the design of the section 'Land plot layout scheme' has been developed. The methodology makes it possible to use the resources of the project company (through the use of building information model technologies) and ensure high quality and speed in the implementation of the project (due to the possibility of checking the model for collisions and creating conditions for data exchange) effectively, and, consequently, increase the competitiveness of the company in the market.
Design of Wireless Charging Station for EV
Authors: C Wani Prajwal
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Humans must address the problems of fuel scarcity and environmental pollution if they are to reduce pollution and fuel consumption. Electric vehicles are a necessity, but their uptake is still constrained by a scarcity of charging stations and their high price. This article reviews important studies on IoT charging stations, the charging methods they employ, and contrasts them. It also discusses the power sources for these stations, which could be both renewable and non-renewable, as well as the potential to install charging stations in parking lots and public areas as well as the ability to locate charging stations using a mobile application. The Internet of Things reduces the amount of time users must spend looking up station locations, making the transition to using these new vehicles easier.
Fitting quantum noise models to tomography data
Authors: Onorati Emilio , Kohler Tamara , Cubitt Toby S.
Published: December 2023

The presence of noise is currently one of the main obstacles to achieving large-scale quantum computation. Strategies to characterise and understand noise processes in quantum hardware are a critical part of mitigating it, especially as the overhead of full error correction and fault-tolerance is beyond the reach of current hardware. Non-Markovian effects are a particularly unfavourable type of noise, being both harder to analyse using standard techniques and more difficult to control using error correction. In this work we develop a set of efficient algorithms, based on the rigorous mathematical theory of Markovian master equations, to analyse and evaluate unknown noise processes. In the case of dynamics consistent with Markovian evolution, our algorithm outputs the best-fit Lindbladian, i.e., the generator of a memoryless quantum channel which best approximates the tomographic data to within the given precision. In the case of non-Markovian dynamics, our algorithm returns a quantitative and operationally meaningful measure of non-Markovianity in terms of isotropic noise addition. We provide a Python implementation of all our algorithms, and benchmark these on a range of 1- and 2-qubit examples of synthesised noisy tomography data, generated using the Cirq platform. The numerical results show that our algorithms succeed both in extracting a full description of the best-fit Lindbladian to the measured dynamics, and in computing accurate values of non-Markovianity that match analytical calculations.
Construction of reflective thinking: A field independent student in numerical problems
Authors: Setiyani  , Waluya Stevanus Budi , Sukestiyarno Yohanes Leonardus , Cahyono Adi Nur
Published: December 2023

In educational settings, reflective thinking is often overlooked, with an excessive emphasis on final answers, resulting in students needing more ability to evaluate and reconstruct their problem-solving processes. The ability for reflective thinking is required by students in solving problems, including numerical problems. This study uses a qualitative approach to focus on field-independent students' numerical problem-solving processes. The data collection technique begins by administering the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), a valid and reliable numeracy problem instrument, and conducting in-depth interviews. Two students with similar initial mathematical abilities and field-independent cognitive styles were selected as research subjects. Findings reveal that these students face challenges such as lengthy problem descriptions and a lack of confidence but gradually develop strategies, emphasizing repeated problem analysis, concept interconnections, and error awareness. Researcher-provided scaffolding facilitates critical reflection, enabling the construction of new ideas. These results have practical implications for teachers, suggesting the need to design lessons that cater to diverse cognitive styles, providing more complex problems to field-independent students to enhance their problem-solving skills.
Learning obstacle of probability learning based on the probabilistic thinking level
Authors: Sari Atika Defita , Suryadi Didi , Dasari Dadan
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine students learning obstacles in probability material based on their probabilistic thinking (PT) level using the theory of didactical situation (TDS) perspective. This is qualitative research with the case study method. The subject consisted of 23 grade 9 students in junior high school who had studied the material and had taken the test. The test results were used to classify students depending on their PT level using the framework developed by Graha A. Jones. Furthermore, interviews were performed with three representative students from each PT level. The interviews indicated that students in each PT level continue to face learning obstacles, which include instrumental ontogenic and epistemological obstacles. The lowest PT level demonstrated a more complex and comprehensive learning obstacle in all constructs of PT. From the TDS perspective, all students who are at various levels of PT have reached an action situation. Only 33% of the students at the subjective level and 83% of the students at the transition level reached the formulation situation. Still, students at that level needed help to reach the other two situations. Unlike the two previous levels, students at the level of quantitative informal thinking can achieve situations of validation and institutionalization.
The relation between teacher and students' mathematical mindsets to the student’s comprehension of mathematics concepts
Authors: Maskar Sugama , Herman Tatang
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between teacher and student mindsets in relation to the student’s comprehension of mathematics concepts. This study used a qualitative research type with a case study method. Participants in this study were 30 students and one teacher from one of the public junior high schools in Cianjur, Indonesia. Data sources used in this study were collected through teacher and student questionnaires, class observations, and semi-structured interviews. The class observation material was about linear function, and the learning process was carried out using the Complex Instruction (CI) approach based on growth mindset instruction. The questionnaire results show that teachers and students tend to have a fixed mindset. The fixed mindset of both the students and the teacher is particularly evident in their beliefs about the nature of math and their orientation towards student mastery and performance. The results of observations and interviews show a relationship between this mindset and student performance in class. Most students tend to show low performance in understanding linear function concepts. Based on the observations, students experienced problems in algebra thinking, had difficulty understanding mathematical concepts as a whole, and showed a lack of motivation and self-confidence. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the fixed mindsets of teachers and students towards students' lower performance in mathematics learning in the classroom.
Adversity quotient of Indonesian prospective mathematics teachers in solving geometry higher-order thinking skills problems
Authors: Anwar Lathiful , Sa'dijah Cholis , Murtafiah Wasilatul , Huljannah Miftha
Published: December 2023

Comprehending and formulating strategies for geometry problems that require higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) is crucial in enhancing mathematics education. This study implements a qualitative case study approach to comprehend how prospective mathematics teachers with varying Adversity Quotients (AQ) solve geometry Higher-Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) problems. We selected 3 participants from 167 Indonesian prospective mathematics teachers to solve the three- and two-dimensional HOTS problems and were invited to an interview session. The three participants represent three types of participants: a climber student (high AQ), a camper student (medium AQ), and a quitter student (low AQ). Our findings show that each student had different responses to deal with the obstacles they faced while solving the problem. The climber student is more adept at solving problems than the camper and quitter students. In addition to identifying specific implications, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of AQ's significant role in solving mathematical problems. This knowledge serves as a concrete foundation for guiding the future advancement of curricula, assessment methods, and instructional approaches in mathematics education, particularly in the field of geometry. This research contributes to enhancing educational practices and policies on a broader scale.
Comparative study of means of mathematical communication in Japan, Laos, and Thailand
Authors: Ya-amphan Duangmanee , Thinwiangthong Sampan , Sythong Phailath
Published: December 2023

This comparative study analyzed the similarities and differences in the mathematical communication used by teachers and primary school students in Japanese, Lao, and Thai mathematics classrooms. It adopted a qualitative research design, and the targets were teachers and students in Grades 1 - 6 at a selected school in each of the three countries. The data were collected from one classroom at each grade level from the three schools, so eighteen classrooms were involved in the study. The research tools included video recorders, photo cameras, and a field notes form. The data were analyzed by employing the analytical descriptive method based on Pirie's conceptual framework of the means of mathematical communication (1998). The findings revealed that the means of mathematical communication in the three countries were similar in their use of ordinary, mathematical, verbal, and symbolic language—differences in the means of mathematical communication related to how varied the learning materials were. The Japanese classrooms used the most varied means of mathematical communication, demonstrating all six means, while the Thai classrooms used only 5, and the Lao PDR classrooms used only 4. The Japanese classrooms were shown to be focused on the students' diverse self-solution concepts, while some of the Thai and Lao PDR classrooms were based on question-answer interactions between the teachers and students.
Dalihan Na Tolu as a Model for Resolving Religious Conflicts in North Sumatera: An Anthropological and Sociological Perspective
Authors: Harahap Anwar Sadat , Mulyono Hardi , A. Nuzul A. Nuzul , Milhan Milhan , Siregar Taufik
Published: December 2023

It is undeniable that there are various social conflicts in Indonesia which involve various groups of people such as the religious conflict in Poso (2001), in Sampit (2001), in Ambon (2002) and others. Most of them were caused by uncertain, unfair, and misused regulations on keeping people’s religious tolerance. It was also caused by the lack of people’s empowerment in keeping religious tolerance. This study aims to examine dalihan na tulo as a mechanism for resolving religious conflicts in the Mandailing community, North Sumatra. This research uses juridical empirical methods, consisting of anthropological and sociological law approaches. Data were collected by means of interviews and literature studies. The result of the research showed that Dalihan na Tolu tradition based-model of maintaining religious tolerance and resolving conflicts in religious believers was done by using the philosophy of Dalihan na Tolu, Pastak-pastakni Paradaton, Uhum dohot Patik and Tutur dohot Poda. There are three types of negotiation system in resolving the conflicts: Tahi Dalihan na Tolu, Tahi Godang Parsahutaon, and Tahi Godang Haruaya Mardomu Bulung (big negotiation among the neighboring villages). Anthropologically and sociologically that the Mandailing community has proven successful in using adat as a resolution of religious conflicts, so as to create peace and order as a function of law in society.
Childfree, the Digital Era, and Islamic Law: Views of Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Gender Activists in Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Zuhriah Erfaniah , Rahmawati Erik Sabti , Aprilyanti Melinda , Chaidaroh Umi , Ch Mufidah
Published: December 2023

Childfree is a life choice not to have children after or before marriage, whether biological children, stepchildren, or adopted children. This article discusses how childfree is influenced by the digital era and what the perspective of Islamic law is according to the views of ulama and gender activists in Malang, East Java. This empirical legal study used legal sociology and maqāṣid al-sharī’ah approaches. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews and a literature review. Findings showed that child-free development in Indonesia has been influenced by the digital era through online media, which quickly spread and made it easier for people from various countries to interact and share information. One of the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī'ah) is to maintain offspring (hifz al-nasl) through marriage. According to the ulama, being childfree is contrary to Islamic law and the nature of humanity. According to the Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and gender activists, the laws on childfree can be summed up in two ways: haram and mubah. Childfree is haram (unlawful) because it is contrary to maqāṣid al-sharī’ah, i.e., preserving offspring, as it is also the goal of marriage. Childfree is mubah (allowed) if there are reasons that are condoned by the sharia, e.g., health problems, physical limitations, and psychological conditions that prevent the wife from having children. Sociologically, the government and all related parties need to provide education to the public so that the meaning of childfree can be understood properly and correctly.
The Shifting Meaning of Walīmatul ‘Urs in the Era of Society 5.0 in Indonesia: Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Syufa'at Syufa'at , Muchimah Muchimah
Published: December 2023

The advent of globalization, ushering in the era of Society 5.0, has turned marriage events into a focal point of cultural dynamics. An example of this is evident in the celebration of weddings, known as walīmatul ‘urs. This study delves into the walīmatul ‘urs festivities organized by various Muslim celebrities in Indonesia. While these celebrities uphold the Islamic marital contract, they also hold extravagant wedding ceremonies infused with Western-inspired themes that come with significant costs. This study is a qualitative phenomenological study with an approach to Islamic law. This study analyzes media content to get an overview of the phenomenon of marriage among celebrities. The data collection process uses three techniques: observation, interviews from digital sources, and documentation. This study concludes that the purpose and main meaning of walīmatul ‘urs according to Islamic family law is as a sacred and strong bond (mithāqan ghalīdhan), a form of expression of gratitude to God and happiness in addition to providing benefits to society. The meaning of walimatul 'urs then underwent a shift in essence in the context of Indonesian Muslim celebrities, which were partly influenced by technological advances in the Society 5.0 era. Open (explicit) and implicit transformations and shifts in interpretation, when walimatul 'urs develops into a symbolic representation of social status, which is often characterized by luxury and functions as a venue to elevate one's social status.
How To Challenge The Life Women Resiliency In Acehnese Matrilocal System: Philological and Anthropological Approaches
Authors: Fakhriati Fakhriati , Kustini Kustini , Mu’jizah Mu’jizah , Fuad Muhammad , Warnis Warnis
Published: December 2023

The matrilocal system has had a positive effect on women in Aceh. This system has enabled them to become more resilient in facing life's challenges for themselves, their families and their communities. This study is a qualitative study with philological and anthropological approaches used to study Acehnese manuscripts that are relevant to the theme of matrilocality. In-depth interviews, manuscript studies and observations were also conducted to understand matrilocality practices in Aceh, particularly in the Pidie regions. In this way, historical and empirical knowledge of Aceh's matrilocal system is obtained. It was found that the matrilocal system had raised the status and enthusiasm and resilience of Acehnese women in wading through life as individuals, family members, and part of Acehnese society. Philologically, historically and anthropologically a harmonious life is seen in the matrilocal system, Acehnese women make it possible to face life's challenges, such as raising children for a successful life; maintain good communication with parents, neighbors and the community; and managing household finances. This diversity of matrilocal traditions can contribute to the status and resilience of women in the Indonesian nation-state.
Qur’anic Exegesis and Religious Moderation in South Sulawesi: The Law on Blasphemy to Gods of Non-Muslims in Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Mahfudz Muhsin , Yuspiani Yuspiani
Published: December 2023

As a country of various ethnicities, languages, and religions, religious moderation is a particularly crucial issue in Indonesia. This paper aimed to elaborate on the law on blasphemy to Gods of non-Islamic religions. The study included a phenomenological qualitative study using the approach of tafsir tahlili (analytical exegesis) and Islamic law. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews with religious leaders, academicians, and community leaders in South Sulawesi, especially in the cities of Makassar, Barru, and Bone. In addition, literature review was used to refer to books of exegesis, journal articles, and other relevant references. Findings of the study revealed that religious moderation emphasized in the Qur’an is a teaching that promotes tolerant and peaceful relations. Ummatan wasaṭan in the Qur’an could be understood as the people who are always in goodness and justice, show a commendable attitude, and do not easily criticize people nor blame other groups. The opinions of exegetes and field data have also suggested that interpretations of the Qur’an should prioritize a moderate understanding, as conflict might occur due to intolerant attitudes in Indonesia, a country with various religions. Textually understanding the verses of the Qur’an and hadith might also lead to radicalism and even terrorism. In the context of Islamic law, blasphemy towards the Gods of non-Muslims is haram (prohibited) because it may result in others insulting Allah and social conflict; avoiding conflict is a behavior that is in line with the aims of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī'ah). This study thus argues that religious moderation is a crucial attitude, as it can foster tolerance and mutual respect among religious people. Even though other people have different gods from the belief of Muslims, respect for such differences shall exist as directed by the Qur’an.
Hijab Discourse in Indonesia: The Battle of Meaning Between Sharia and Culture in Public Space
Authors: Zain Muhammad , Aaisyah Sitti , Alimuddin Asriaty , Abdillah Akhmad Mughzi , Fauzi Muhammad Fahmi Basyhah
Published: December 2023

The phenomenon of wearing hijab is not only a reality in Indonesia but also in the Muslim world and even the world in general such as Europe, America, and Australia. This paper aims to examine the discourse on hijab between Islamic law (sharia) and culture. This is a normative study using legal pluralism as an approach.  This paper concludes that Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world, and the wearing of hijab has a long history until contemporary times. Currently, the phenomenon of hijra among Muslims is also on the rise, the hijab is then formalized into educational institutions and offices which not a few cause problems that sometimes arise discriminatory actions to those who do not want to use it. Another phenomenon about the use of hijab occurs in the realm of law. A woman dealing with legal issues, when presented at a press conference, some public figures wear hijab. Even in the judicial room, women who usually do not wear headscarves also change their appearance by wearing headscarves. Likewise, in a political campaign, women who usually do not wear headscarves, appear in hijab suits in public. Of these various phenomena, the hijab as a marker symbol has meaning, namely as a form of religious obedience, the identity of a Muslim woman, discipline in public spaces, and camouflage piety. From the perspective of legal pluralism, hijab is an articulation of strictness to the commandments of sharia as well as an inseparable part of the culture that has become a living practice in Indonesian society.
Everyone is a Scientist
Authors: Arthur Mathew , Bulford Debarah , Lee Morgaine , Melling Rowan , Ostrom Hayden , Peng Rebecca , Soft Becca
Published: December 2023

Mathew Arthur, Debarah Bulford, Morgaine Lee, Rowan Melling, Hayden Ostrom, Rebecca Peng, and Becca Soft
A FORMAÇÃO DE BELÉM ENQUANTO CIDADE COMPACTA OU CONFINADA: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DAS FORMAS DE PRODUÇÃO DA MORADIA
Authors: Costa Léa Maria Gomes da , Rodrigues Jovenildo Cardoso
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a relação existente entre a alteração das formas de produção da moradia e os períodos de grandes transformações no processo de formação da cidade de Belém, destacando as dinâmicas que marcam sua constituição enquanto cidade confinada no transcurso do século XX. Apresenta-se um estudo pautado na abordagem analítico-descritiva e geohistórica da formação da cidade, por meio da análise da produção do espaço e da moradia. Como procedimento metodológico fez-se estudo bibliográfico e produção de mapas históricos. Conclui-se que a produção capitalista da moradia intensificou o processo de valorização urbana e elitização das áreas centrais de Belém, iniciado no período da borracha, tendo como cerne a acentuação da segregação socioespacial e formação do padrão centro-periferia que caracterizam a constituição de Belém enquanto cidade confinada, no transcurso do século XX. A investigação ajuda a desvendar os mecanismos que sustentam e ampliam a diferenciação socioespacial forjada pela localização da moradia no conjunto da cidade.

Palavras-chave: Belém; cidade confinada; formas de produção da moradia; centralidade; segregação socioespacial.
TERRITORIO Y DEBATES DESCOLONIALES EN LA GEOGRAFÍA ARGENTINA: UN DIÁLOGO INCIPIENTE
Authors: Arzeno Mariana , Farías Mónica , Torres Fernanda
Published: December 2023

Los debates sobre la descolonialidad ponen en cuestión la colonización epistémica presente en el conjunto de las ciencias sociales manifiesto en el eurocentrismo que orienta su producción intelectual. Tal eurocentrismo, al cual no escapa la geografía, se expresa “en la forma como construimos nuestros conceptos, en la manera como establecemos nuestras interpretaciones, comparaciones de fenómenos históricos y sociales, en fin, en la manera de producir conocimientos, modos de significación y de producción de sentido al mundo” (CRUZ, 2017: 18). Apoyándonos en un trabajo previo de nuestra autoría que analizó los usos del concepto de territorio en artículos publicados entre 2005 y 2021 en revistas académicas de Geografía vinculadas a universidades nacionales de Argentina, en este artículo buscamos contribuir al incipiente cuerpo de investigaciones que busca poner en diálogo el enfoque descolonial y la geografía. Para ello, analizamos una selección de artículos publicados en revistas de geografía que problematizan el concepto de territorio, e indagamos en qué medida y en qué sentido esta producción científica geográfica dialoga con los debates planteados en torno a la colonialidad/descolonialidad. El análisis muestra que en muy pocos casos se establece un diálogo explícito con las discusiones descoloniales y en general suelen quedar en un plano más teórico y todavía poco conectado con los análisis empíricos. Sin embargo, podemos encontrar un cierto número de trabajos que contienen rastros descoloniales en las problematizaciones, perspectivas y escalas puestas en juego, aun cuando no establezcan un vínculo explícito con esas discusiones.
A GEOGRAFIA ENTRE CONHECIMENTO SITUADO, ABORDAGEM DESCOLONIAL E INTERSECCIONALIDADE
Authors: Haesbaert Rogério
Published: December 2023

Este artigo focaliza algumas transformações recentes na Geografia em diálogo com outras Ciências Sociais e que revelam amplo potencial para desdobramentos futuros. “Geografar” é visto como a capacidade de reconhecer e praticar a mudança de perspectiva espacial, habilitando-nos, assim, a conviver com a alteridade e a multiplicidade de visões (e práticas) de mundo(s). A Geografia é concebida como/através do conhecimento situado (ou do “saber localizado” nos termos de Donna Haraway). Abordagens descoloniais na América Latina fortalecem e complexificam essa leitura ao enfatizarem a interseção – ou a interseccionalidade – entre as múltiplas manifestações (classe, gênero, etnia...) do poder e o trânsito entre as múltiplas territorialidades aí inseridas. Tanto a Geografia em sentido amplo quanto o enfoque descolonial são considerados intrinsecamente como conhecimentos situados e interseccionais.
TERRITORIALIDADE E SAÚDE A’UWẼ UPTABI (XAVANTE): TERRITÓRIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS EM ABORDAGEM MULTIESCALAR
Authors: Parra Lilian Bulbarelli , Nilsson Maurice Seiji Tomioka
Published: December 2023

Este artigo oferece uma abordagem sobre a territorialidade A’uwẽ Xavante, povo Jê do Cerrado brasileiro que vem enfrentando processos de desterritorialização e re     territorialização por meio, sobretudo, das lutas pelo reconhecimento de terras que atualmente ocupam. Pretende-se verificar as relações entre a limitação territorial que impede a mobilidade inerente ao seu modo de vida e as mudanças nos costumes alimentares, e no modo de se relacionar com o Cerrado, correlacionando a transformações no território e na saúde, vulnerabilizada por um conjunto de aspectos que revelam especificidades desse povo. Para tal, é utilizada uma abordagem multiescalar, conforme os fenômenos estudados, a partir da literatura existente em diálogo com as experiências de campo.
AUTOGESTÃO E AUTONOMIA: ANALISANDO OS REFLEXOS DE PROCESSOS AUTOGESTIONÁRIOS DE PRODUÇÃO DE MORADIAS EM BELO HORIZONTE
Authors: Moreira de Morais Livia Maria , Soares de Moura Costa Heloisa
Published: December 2023

O objetivo do artigo é compreender o legado propiciado por processos autogestionários de produção de moradias em Belo Horizonte, na intenção de avaliar se o conteúdo autonomista que permeia sua origem se concretiza. Quatro experiências belo-horizontinas foram analisadas a partir de entrevistas com pessoas diretamente envolvidas no processo produtivo: os conjuntos habitacionais Urucuia, Vilarégia e Serra Verde – resultantes de programas de políticas públicas – e a vila Eliana Silva, que nasce como uma ocupação urbana. Primeiramente discute-se o conceito de autogestão e de sua base sustentadora, a autonomia. Em seguida, revela-se como a autogestão é operacionalizada no nicho da produção de moradias. Posteriormente, elucida-se como acontece o processo de acesso à terra e o trabalho no canteiro de obras com a intenção de detectar os reflexos no cotidiano atual. As considerações finais indicam caminhos para que o potencial autonomista se alargue nas experiências de produção de moradias.