bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing 2D metal halide perovskite thin films as highly tuneable surfaces for orientation control of energetic materials
Authors: Smith-Papin Natalie , Phister Meagan , Conley Ashley , Swami Nathan , Dreger Zbigniew , Giri Gaurav
Published: September 2024

Perovskites were utilized as a tunable layer to control crystallization and preferential orientation of energetic material thin films.
An anisotropically crystallized and nitrogen-doped CuWO4 photoanode for efficient and robust visible-light-driven water oxidation
Authors: Katsuki Tomohiro , Zahran Zaki N. , Hoshino Norihisa , Tsubonouchi Yuta , Chandra Debraj , Yagi Masayuki
Published: September 2024

A nitrogen-doped CuWO4 photoanode was synthesized by a mixed metal-imidazole casting (MiMIC) method to demonstrate the superior performance for photoelectrochemical water oxidation with IPCE of 5.6% and significant stability for 40 h.
Multi-functional interface modulation through thiol functionalized covalent organic frameworks for efficient and durable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yu Bo , Wang Kai , Sun Yapeng , Yu Huangzhong
Published: September 2024

Here, a cathode modification strategy using thiol-functionalized COFs is developed to protect the cathode from corrosion and enhance charge extraction. The p-i-n PVSCs modified by SH-COF has achieved an efficiency of 24.12% and excellent stability.
A multicomponent nanosystem for capturing circulating tumor cells from cancer patients with PD-L1 as an immunotherapy oncotarget
Authors: Khutale Ganesh , Andhari Saloni , Gupta Rituja , Aland Gourishankar , Banerjee Shashwat , Todkar Kiran , Pore Milind , Khobragade Vrushali , D’Souza Alain , Kale Narendra , Vasudevan Aravindan , Bharde Atul , Jayant Sreeja , Patil Yuvraj , Khandare Jayant
Published: September 2024

OncoDiscover® is a novel platform for the capture of rare circulating tumor cells from cancer patients in the presence of the PD-L1 oncotarget. It is being used routinely in the clinic for prognosis to improve the overall survival of cancer patients.
Tissue adhesives based on chitosan for biomedical applications
Authors: Youn Jihyun , Patel Kapil D. , Perriman Adam W. , Sung Jung-Suk , Patel Madhumita , Bouchard Louis-S. , Patel Rajkumar
Published: September 2024

Chitosan bio-adhesives bond strongly with various biological tissues, such as skin, mucosa, and internal organs.
Boosting stability: a hierarchical approach for self-assembling peptide structures
Authors: Balandin Denys , Szulc Natalia , Bystranowska Dominika , Gąsior-Głogowska Marlena , Kruszakin Roksana , Szefczyk Monika
Published: September 2024

Our findings indicate that the nanostructure formation is influenced by all the positions within the coiled-coils.
Enhancing visual luminescence detection of tetracycline antibiotics through regulation of nitrogen-containing ligand and antenna effect of Ln3+
Authors: Liu Tingting , Ji Mengna , Zheng Jun , Liu Nana , Hao Hongguo , Dou Jianmin , Jiang Jingjing , Li Yunwu , Wang Suna
Published: September 2024

Two water-stable luminescent Cd-MOFs were synthesized from flexible carboxylate ligand and two N-containing ligands with different rigidity and flexibility, which demonstrated different luminescence responses toward antibiotics TC/OTC.
Self-powered photodetector with low dark current based on the InSe/β-Ga2O3 heterojunctions
Authors: Wang Yu-Qing , Zhao Shuo , Xiao Hai-Ying , Wang Jin-Zhong , Hu Ping-An , Qiao Jun , Zhang YongQiang , Hu Heng
Published: September 2024

InSe/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction detects 230 nm deep UV under zero bias.
Impact of pyrene orientation on the electronic properties and stability of graphene ribbons
Authors: Smith Tanner , Thorley Karl , Dimmitt Kevin , Parkin Sean , Ostroverkhova Oksana , Anthony John
Published: September 2024

We report a novel synthetic route to a series of fused acene derivatives, in which linear extension of the fully conjugated core proves to be an efficient method to tune optoelectronic properties.
First principles prediction unveils high-Tc superconductivity in YSc2H24 cage structures under pressure
Authors: Pham Truong-Tho , Chu Viet-Ha , Nguyen Duc-Long
Published: September 2024

The hydride YSc2H24 shows superconductivity near room temperature, driven by its distinct cage-like arrangement. This insight offers exciting potential for advancing superconducting materials.
Ultrahigh-power-density BNT ferroelectric multilayer ceramic capacitors for pulse power energy conversion components
Authors: Che Canyu , Bao Yizheng , Hu Zimeng , Feng Qiu , Xie Meng , Zhou Bin , Yang Jia , Nie Hengchang , Gao Zhipeng , Wang Genshui
Published: September 2024

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–BiAlO3–NaNbO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors were prepared as pulse power energy conversion components. An ultrahigh output power density up to 2.2 × 109 W kg−1 (GW kg−1) with a output voltage up to 9.8 kV mm−1 was achieved.
Visible light mediated efficient photoswitching of dimethyldihydropyrenes in thin films for all-photonic logic gate applications and dynamic encryption/decryption capabilities
Authors: Molla Sariful , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit
Published: September 2024

Dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP) photoswitches exhibit visible light-induced ring-opening photoisomerization, reversed by UV/visible light or heat in thin films.
Superior energy storage performance and transparency in (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.97Ta0.03)O3-based ceramics
Authors: Bi Wenjing , Li Ying , Du Juan , Sun Jingwen , Wang Zhe , Chao Wenna , Hao Jigong , Fu Peng , Li Peng , Li Wei
Published: September 2024

Strongly relaxed ferroelectric KNN-based ceramics with nano-domains are developed, and synergistic enhancement with a large Wrec and good transparency is realized.
Analysis Computational Fluid Dynamics in a State of Ballast Loading on a Passenger Ship Prototype
Authors: Wisnujati Andika , Maarif Syamsul , Yusuf Mirza , Rahaman Mosiur , Mudjijana
Published: September 2024

Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic country in the world, has a very favourable geographical position because it is located between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The background of this research stems from the critical importance of effectively managing ballast loading on passenger ships to ensure stability, safety, and operational efficiency during voyages. Traditionally, methods for assessing ballast loading have often relied on empirical formulas or simplified models, which may not fully capture the complex fluid dynamics and structural interactions inherent in modern ship designs. This gap highlights the need for advanced computational tools like computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which can provide a more detailed and accurate analysis of how ballast loading affects the ship’s behaviour. CFD simulations offer the capability to model and analyse complex flow patterns, pressure distributions, and structural responses under various ballasting scenarios. By leveraging CFD, this research aims to enhance understanding and optimize the management of ballast loading on passenger ships, thereby addressing the limitations of traditional methods and advancing the state-of-the-art in maritime engineering practices. The simulation was carried out at different speeds, namely 1 knot, 10 knots, and 20 knots. When moving at a speed of 1 knot, the obstacles encountered have a range of 30–40 cm/s and a maximum speed of 83.0971 cm/s. Likewise, when moving at a speed of 10 knots, the obstacle has a range of 200–400 cm/s and a maximum speed of 766.921 cm/s. Finally, at a speed of 20 knots, facing obstacles with speeds ranging from 400 to 800 cm/s and a maximum speed of 1504.56 cm/s, the ship’s hull remained unaffected in terms of damage. However, the fluid speed magnifies the occurrence of friction.
Functionalization of a 110 Wp Photovoltaic System for Computer Room Power Supply at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Turi Sleman
Authors: Nadjib Muhammad , Anugrah Kusuma Yudha Fitroh , Wahyudi  , Caroko Novi , Wibowo Teguh
Published: September 2024

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Muhammadiyah 2 Turi Sleman has a photovoltaic system that powers the computer room. However, since 2022, the system has not been working correctly. This paper aims to restore the photovoltaic system’s functionality. The activities include checking the condition of the system’s components and taking corrective actions. During the inspection, it was found that the solar module was not installed outdoors, and the battery’s performance had decreased, showing a voltage of only 11.95 V. The solar module had been installed outdoors correctly. Performance tests revealed that the system can produce electrical energy, with the solar module generating an average open circuit voltage of 23.32 V in sunny weather. The battery repair resulted in an average voltage of 12.23 V. The photovoltaic system now functions as a power supply for the computer room.
Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Two-Leg Puller Set
Authors: Anugrah Rinasa Agistya , Fauzi Naufal Annas , Wisnujati Andika , Rahmanuddin Rizki Yusuf , Sika Rino Rian
Published: September 2024

The two-legged puller set can reach various component diameters, so this tool is more flexible and has an innovative application by using an electric, pneumatic impact tool as the driver. This research is a research and development (R&D) study using the ADDIE approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The stages or process of making a 2-leg puller set are preparation, fabrication, assembly, finishing, and testing the function of the puller set on the bearing or pully components and seeing whether the function of the puller set is correct. The design was carried out using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, and simulations were also carried out. The product is produced by opening the air compressor lever with a pressure ranging from 40-45 psi connected to a hose and impact tool. If it is greater than 45 psi, it will damage the screw bolt threads and will not be centred. If it is lower than 40 psi, the timing is slow and not working.
Engagement of the Resilience Evaluation Instrument for Pasar Blumbang Wirokerten Tourism Village Yogyakarta Against Disaster Risk
Authors: Nursetiawan  , Rahmawati Anita , Mahbubi Khairil , Wira Nindhita Kharisma , Darma Wijaya Diva
Published: September 2024

Wirokerten village has advantages in the field of cultural tourism and Micro, Small Medium Enterprise (MSME) potential place called Pasar Blumbang. Despite all the advantages, this area also a threat of disaster. Therefore, this research aims to assess village resilience against risky disaster to measure the level of community resilience in facing disasters. Research methods using evidence-based independent assessments by villages and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to agree on assessments assisted by facilitators or village assistants. The result of assessment shows that the percentage shows an increase in residents’ awareness of potential disasters in the Wirokerten Village area. These results become the basis for decision-making about actions to increase disaster resilience and monitor its progress. This workshop is expected to increase the resilience of Wirokerten Village and surrounding communities to natural disasters.
Increasing Children’s Dental Health Knowledge with Educational Games
Authors: Dwi Febria Nyka , Femilian Afryla , Yosi Arinawati Dian , Hasnasari Heningtyas Afina , Kristin Rakhmawati Ayu , Khairunnisa Kenji Vina
Published: September 2024

Oral diseases can profoundly affect a person’s overall well-being, resulting in persistent pain, discomfort, and challenges with basic functions such as eating, speaking, and carrying out daily tasks. The acquisition of healthy behaviours is a complex process that can be facilitated by health education. Utilizing gaming media presents an effective method for delivering dental health education. This study aims to increase knowledge about dental health. 52 children were presented with 8 questions about dental health and 10 about healthy foods for dental health. A pretest-posttest design was used to measure the effectiveness of increasing the children’s knowledge in this area. The study results stated a significance value of less than 0.05 (0,001) for dental health and foods for dental health. The results show an increase in knowledge about dental health and good food for dental health. Video Game is an innovative way to improve children’s understanding of dental and oral care practices.
The Effectiveness of Tonglish Application in English Language Learning for Elementary School Students
Authors: Wisnu Wijaya Titis , Efendi Anwar , Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo Putro Nur , Purbohadi Dwijoko , Ma’rifatul Azizah Laila , Fadia Septariani Sella , Miftah Muhammad , Al Baqir Mufaddal
Published: September 2024

English language learning in primary schools has an important role in forming the basis of foreign language skills for students, and early mastery of English is considered a worthwhile educational investment for the future. However, challenges in English learning at the primary school level are often related to low student motivation, conventional teaching methods, and limited teaching resources. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Tonglish application in English language learning in elementary schools. The app is designed to improve students’ English skills through interactive features such as vocabulary quizzes and learning videos. This research uses quantitative experimental method with a True Experimental Design, namely Pretest-Post-test Control Group Design. Two groups of students from grade 5 of SD Muhammadiyah Ambarketawang 2 were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group used the Tonglish app for two meetings, while the control group did not use the app. Data were collected through a pretest and post-test consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions on? The results showed that there was a significant difference between the English scores of students who studied using the Tonglish application compared to those who did not. The average score of students who used the Tonglish app was 84.40, while students who did not use the app were 51.40. What about the statistical result showing the significance of the implemented app?; Then there should be hypothesis testing? The use of the English app significantly improves elementary school students’ learning outcomes in English subject.
Caries Incidence Rates Examination Through the Indonesian Digital Caries Risk Assessment for Parents of Muhammadiyah Warungboto Elementary School Yogyakarta
Authors: Sofiani Erma , Arinawati Dian Yosi , Sabrina Putri Saskia , Arba Martadewi Frida
Published: September 2024

Early childhood caries in Indonesia is relatively high, as seen from the average def/DMF-T index of deciduous teeth in Indonesia reaching 8.1. One of the contributing factors is improper toothbrush habits. Based on Basic Health Research, 94.9% of Yogyakarta’s population, only 6.0% brush their teeth properly. This study aims to provide an overview of the success of examining the incidence of caries using the Indonesian Digital Caries Risk Assessment (IDCRA) website, which is reported directly to parents. This research method is a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-postest design conducted on 83 parents and students of Muhammadiyah Warungboto Elementary School in Yogyakarta. Data were collected from pretest and postest assessments on students’ dental health knowledge, subjective and objective examinations using the IDCRA website, reporting of examination results to parents, and parental satisfaction questionnaires on dental examination reports. This study showed a 14% improvement in students’ comprehension of oral health after educational intervention. The initial def/DMF-T index of 4.6 decreased to 4.2 after implementing education and disseminating examination results to parents and students. Furthermore, the parental survey revealed that 96% of participants acknowledged that the dental examination report significantly increased their awareness of dental care for children. Additionally, 99% of parents supported ensuring children adhere to proper teeth-brushing practices to reduce the risk of cavities. In conclusion, dental examination reports using IDCRA are successful in informing parents about their children’s dental health and raising awareness for parents, students, and teachers to monitor and provide dental care for children.
Financial Management Behavior Of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Singapore
Authors: Surwanti Arni , Widowati Retno , Handayani Siti Dyah , Fatmawati Indah , Ismail Noor Huda
Published: September 2024

Indonesian workers better known as migrant workers from Indonesia who work in Singapore need to receive entrepreneurship education to encourage these migrant workers to improve one’s quality of life going forward, especially after returning to their homeland. Entrepreneurship training is a type of education that supports the growth of migrant workers’ entrepreneurial ambitions by offering opportunity to build businesses through opportunities and needs research of the market. This education hopes that migrant workers will earn income after working in Singapore. Apart from that, migrant workers also need to obtain good financial literacy. Financial literacy can support prosperity in the future and help achieve prosperity for the family. In Singapore, migrant workers’ financial management practices are more than adequate. Financial self-efficacy and financial literacy have an impact on migrant workers’ money management practices in Singapore. A hedonistic lifestyle does not show an impact on financial behavior. Therefore, in order to improve migrant workers’ welfare in the long run, the government must increase financial literacy and their capacity to make financial decisions.
Efficacy of novel endoscopic hemostatic agent for bleeding control and prevention: Results from a prospective, multicenter national registry
Authors: Maselli Roberta , Da Rio Leonardo , Manno Mauro , Soriani Paola , Andrisani Gianluca , Di Matteo Francesco Maria , Fabbri Carlo , Sbrancia Monica , Binda Cecilia , Panarese Alba , D'Abramo Fulvio , Staiano Teresa , Rizza Stefano , Cannizzaro Renato , Maiero Stefania , Stigliano Vittoria , de Nucci Germana , Manes Gianpiero , Sacco Marco , Facciorusso Antonio , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro
Published: September 2024

Background and study aims Topical hemostatic agents emerged as a new treatment modality for gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of PuraStat for control of active bleeding and for prevention of bleeding after different operative endoscopy procedures.

Patients and methods A national, multicenter, observational registry was established to collect data from ten Italian centers from June 2021 to February 2023. Demographics, type of application (active gastrointestinal bleeding or prevention after endoscopic procedures, site, amount of gel used, completeness of coverage of the treated area), outcomes (rates of intraprocedural hemostasis and bleeding events during 30-day follow-up), and adverse events (AEs) were prospectively analyzed.

Results Four hundred and one patients were treated for active gastrointestinal bleeding or as a preventive measure after different types of operative endoscopy procedures. Ninety-one treatments for active bleeding and 310 preventive applications were included. In 174 of 401 cases (43.4%), PuraStat was the primary treatment modality. Complete coverage was possible in 330 of 401 (82.3%) with difficulty in application in seven of 401 cases (1.7%). Hemostasis of active bleedings was achieved in 90 of 91 patients (98.9%). In 30-day follow-up 3.9% patients in whom PuraStat was used for prophylaxis had a bleeding event compared with 7.7% after hemostasis. No AEs related to the use of PuraStat were reported.

Conclusions PuraStat is a safe and effective hemostat both for bleeding control and for bleeding prevention after different operative endoscopy procedures. Our results suggest that the possible applications for the use of PuraStat may be wider compared with current indications.
Imaging Informatics Education in Clinical Informatics Programs: Perspective from Imaging and Clinical Informatics Professionals
Authors: Bumbarger Nathan A. , Towbin Alexander J. , Garcia-Filion Pamela , Whitfill James , Cook Tessa , Folio Les R.
Published: September 2024

Background Imaging and Clinical Informatics are domains of biomedical informatics. Imaging Informatics topics are often not covered in depth in most Clinical Informatics fellowships. While dedicated Imaging Informatics fellowships exist, they may not have the same rigor as ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) accredited Clinical Informatics fellowships and they do not provide a direct path toward subspecialty board certification.

Objectives We compared published curricula and test content between Clinical and Imaging Informatics fellowship programs. We then highlighted differences between training programs and identified overlapping topics and opportunities for additional education for each type of trainee.

Methods Published consensus curricula and topics were extracted for each specialty. Two informaticists compared topics as shared or not shared between specialties. Next, test content outlines were compared for each specialty exam, extracted, and classified as shared or not shared content. A Venn diagram was created to highlight areas unique to each specialty as well as areas of overlap.

Results There were 139 Clinical Informatics topics compared with 97 Imaging Informatics topics. Of the 139 Clinical Informatics topics, 115 (83%) were covered in the Imaging Informatics curriculum. Of the 97 Imaging Informatics topics, 74 (76%) were covered in the Clinical Informatics curriculum. When using test content outline data, 170 out of 397 (43%) Imaging Informatics topics matched to 64 out of 139 (46%) Clinical Informatics topics. We describe examples of overlapping topics and those unique to each program to identify potential areas to expand.

Conclusion Imaging Informatics and Clinical Informatics fellowship programs have some overlap with areas unique to each. Our review may help guide those seeking informatics education and potential certification. As enterprise imaging evolves, these differences may become more important and create knowledge gaps, if not systematically evaluated.
High speed fast-ion D-alpha spectrometer for the NSTX-U tokamak
Authors: Edmondson Aidan , Albosta Ryan , Geiger Benedikt , Gallenberger Thomas , Smith David , Heidbrink W. W. , Stratton B.
Published: September 2024

Here, we present the design and first calibration results of a new single-channel Fast-Ion D-Alpha (FIDA) spectrometer to be employed at the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U). The Czerny–Turner-type spectrometer uses a custom-designed aspherical lens setup instead of mirrors and achieves excellent spectral resolution, with high photon throughput through a round-to-linear fiber bundle, and camera frame rates around 8.4 kHz. The spectrometer uses a blocking bar to avoid saturation effects of the cold D-alpha emission line and will allow for detailed studies of the fast-ion confinement in NSTX-U. Expected synthetic spectra predicted with the TRANSP and FIDASIM codes show that the spectral range from 648.5 to 658 nm will sufficiently cover halo, the red-shifted beam emission, and the blue-shifted portion of FIDA emission in NSTX-U, which is sufficient for fast-ion transport studies of co-rotating fast ions.
Feasibility of the Josephson voltage and current standards on a single chip
Authors: Shaikhaidarov Rais S. , Antonov Ilya , Kim Kyung Ho , Shesterikov Artem , Linzen Sven , Il'ichev Evgeni V. , Antonov Vladimir N , Astafiev Oleg V
Published: September 2024

The quantum Josephson voltage standard is well established across the metrology community for many years. It relies on the synchronization of the flux tunneling in the S/I/S Josephson junctions (JJ) with the microwave radiation (MW) of frequency f such that V=Φ0fm, where m = 0, 1, 2, …. The phenomenon is called the Shapiro steps. Together with the quantum Hall resistance standard, the voltage standard forms the foundation of electrostatic metrology. The current is then defined as the ratio of the voltage and resistance. Realization of the quantum current standard would close the electrostatic metrological triangle of voltage–resistance–current. The current quantization I=2efm, the inverse Shapiro steps, was recently shown using the superconducting nanowires and small JJ. The effect is a synchronization of the MW with the Cooper pair tunneling. This paves the way to combine the JJ voltage and current standards on the same chip and demonstrate feasibility of the multi-standard operation. We show the voltage and current quantization on the same chip up to frequency of 10 GHz, corresponding to the amplitudes ∼ 20.67 μV and ∼ 3.2 nA, respectively. The accuracy of the voltage and current quantization, however, is relatively low, 35 and 100 ppk, respectively. We discuss measures to optimize the JJs, circuit, and environment to boost the amplitude and accuracy of the standards.
On the interfacial instabilities of two-phase wake and jet flows with density stratification and surface tension
Authors: Gong Minjiang , Zhang A-Man , Xiong Chengwang
Published: September 2024

The coexistence of density stratification and surface tension alters the dynamic behaviors of two-phase immiscible wake and jet flows in complex interfacial instability modes. Building on the framework established by Schmidt et al. [“Global stability and nonlinear dynamics of wake flows with a two-fluid interface,” J. Fluid Mech. 915, A96 (2021)], we conduct a global stability analysis to investigate the effects of surface tension and density ratio on the interfacial instabilities of two-phase planar wake and jet flows. Surface tension, acting counterintuitively as either a stabilizer or destabilizer, enhances the self-sustainability of varicose and sinuous disturbances at low levels, while high surface tension ultimately leads to the stabilization of interfacial disturbances. Additionally, sinuous disturbances, characterized by higher oscillation amplitudes, predominate in dense wakes or wakes with strong shear strengths, where surface tension serves exclusively as a stabilizing factor. In contrast, the varicose pattern in jets prevails over a wider range of Weber numbers, exhibiting relatively higher linear growth rates compared to their sinuous counterparts, especially in lighter jets. The temporal-spatial analysis further provides a theoretical demonstration of these findings by offering views into the complex interplay of these factors.
Interdigitated-comb piezoelectric phononic crystals for innovative SAW devices
Authors: Alcorta Galván R. , Croënne C. , Dubus B. , Eustache E. , Ngabonziza A. , Hladky-Hennion A.-C.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, piezoelectric phononic crystals made up of interdigitated combs in floating potential condition are studied. Calculation of the dispersion curves shows that, in addition to Bragg bandgaps due to the presence of periodic electrodes, supplementary bandgaps are present corresponding to electrical resonance/antiresonance of the comb pairs. Calculation of the reflection coefficient of finite-sized mirrors reveals the presence of high amplitude reflection coefficient lobes near these bandgap frequencies. The electrical response of single port resonators using these interdigitated comb mirrors fabricated with Al metallization on LiTaO3 POI substrate is contrasted with that of a resonator with classical mirrors, providing experimental verification of this mechanism for bandgap opening. Possible applications for SAW device design are finally discussed.
A parameter-free particle relaxation technique for smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Zheng Hualin , Qiang Hongfu , Zhu Yujie , Zhang Chi
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we present a parameter-free particle relaxation technique to improve the accuracy and stability of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Instead of imposing a background pressure, particles are regularized following the criteria of 0th-order consistency, i.e., the gradient of a constant to be zero. Specifically, the modifications of particles' position are solved by a gradient decent method according to the error between zero value and the gradient of a constant. This modification decreases the integration error and leads a more uniform particles distribution. A set of challenging benchmarks including lid-driven cavity flow, Taylor-Green vortex, FSI (fluid-solid interaction) problem, 2D (two-dimensional) dam-break case, and water exit of a cylinder are investigated to validate the effectiveness of the present technique for addressing the well-known tensile instability and particle clumping problems. Finally, the study of 3D (three-dimensional) dam-break against an obstacle demonstrates the stability and versatility of the present method.
Three-dimensional compact multi-resolution weighted essentially non-oscillatory reconstruction under the Arbitrary Lagrange–Euler framework
Authors: Zhan Ningyu , Chen Rongqian , You Yancheng
Published: September 2024

A third-order compact multi-resolution weighted essentially non-oscillatory (CMR-WENO) reconstruction method for three-dimensional (3D) hybrid unstructured grids is developed using the Arbitrary Lagrange–Euler framework. The finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations, and some turbulent and moving boundary problems are simulated. Only one compact center stencil comprising the neighboring cells of each control cell is required to construct the polynomials in the algorithm. As a result, the number of stencils and stencil cells is significantly reduced when compared with the traditional WENO scheme. This simplifies the code and improves the robustness of the algorithm. By ensuring the cell average and first-order derivatives are consistent with that in stencil cells an over-determined system of equations can be used to reconstruct the polynomials. This system can then be solved using the compact least squares method to avoid an ill-conditioned coefficient matrix. Furthermore, a coupled implicit iteration strategy is used to solve for the unknown coefficients, so no extra determination is required for the derivatives of each control cell. The final interpolation function for discontinuities in the flow field is obtained using CMR-WENO to nonlinearly combine polynomials of different orders, which further improves the stability of the algorithm. The CMR-WENO can be implemented on 3D hybrid unstructured grids and can be used to simulate complex problems such as those involving turbulence and moving boundaries. Finally, the algorithm presented here is verified to be third-order accurate and to exhibit good robustness when used on several representative numerical examples.
Time-dependent orbital-optimized coupled-cluster methods families for fermion-mixtures dynamics
Authors: Lang Haifeng , Sato Takeshi
Published: September 2024

Five time-dependent orbital optimized coupled-cluster methods, of which four can converge to the time-dependent complete active space self-consistent-field method, are presented for fermion-mixtures with arbitrary fermion kinds and numbers. Truncation schemes maintaining the intragroup orbital rotation invariance, as well as equations of motion of coupled-cluster (CC) amplitudes and orbitals, are derived. Present methods are compact CC-parameterization alternatives to the time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method for systems consisting of arbitrarily different kinds and numbers of interacting fermions. Theoretical analysis of applications of present methods to various chemical systems is reported.
Development of phase-cycling interface-specific two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) spectroscopy
Authors: Huang-Fu Zhi-Chao , Qian Yuqin , Zhang Tong , Brown Jesse B. , Rao Yi
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D-ES) has become an important technique for studying energy transfer, electronic coupling, and electronic–vibrational coherence in the past ten years. However, since 2D-ES is not interface specific, the electronic information at surfaces and interfaces could not be demonstrated clearly. Two-dimensional electronic sum-frequency generation (2D-ESFG) is an emerging spectroscopic technique that explores the correlations between different interfacial electronic transitions and is the extension of 2D-ES to surface and interfacial specificity. In this work, we present the detailed development and implementation of phase-cycling 2D-ESFG spectroscopy using an acousto-optic pulse shaper in a pump–probe geometry. With the pulse pair generated by a pulse shaper rather than optical devices based on birefringence or interference, this 2D-ESFG setup enables rapid scanning, phase cycling, and the separation of rephasing and nonrephasing signals. In addition, by collecting data in a rotating frame, we greatly improve experimental efficiency. We demonstrate the method for azo-derivative molecules at the air/water interface. This method could be readily extended to different interfaces and surfaces. The unique phase-cycling 2D-ESFG technique enables one to quantify the energy transfer, charge transfer, electronic coupling, and many other electronic properties and dynamics at surfaces and interfaces with precision and relative ease of use. Our goal in this article is to present the fine details of the fourth-order nonlinear optical technique in a manner that is comprehensive, succinct, and approachable such that other researchers can implement, improve, and adapt it to probe unique and innovative problems to advance the field.
Shaping 3D diffraction patterns with a binary aperture
Authors: Yu Panpan , Chen Xiaolong , Zhuang Jinghan , Wu Yijing , Wang Ziqiang , Li Yinmei , Zhong Mincheng , Gong Lei
Published: September 2024

In this Letter, we report an approach for the inverse design of binary apertures to generate desired three-dimensional (3D) diffraction patterns in free space. The approach relies on an optimal accumulation algorithm, aiming to determine the distribution of the binary aperture for 3D target patterns in the regime of Fresnel diffraction. This algorithm features high fidelity for complex inverse design compared with conventional iterative algorithms. To demonstrate the validity of our method, various 2D and 3D patterns are chosen and generated using a digital micromirror device that serves as a reconfigurable binary aperture. Experimentally, the generated diffraction patterns exhibit high fidelity with respect to the target ones, achieving an averaged Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.90 for 2D patterns and 0.87 for 3D patterns, respectively. Our work may find applications in laser beam shaping, structured light illumination, and diffractive optical elements.
Control of chiral damping in magnetic trilayers using He+ ion irradiation
Authors: Raj Rakhul , Saravanan K. , Amirthapandian S. , Reddy V. Raghavendra
Published: September 2024

In the forefront of spintronic advancements, structures with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) such as Pt/Co/Pt are essential for the miniaturization and performance enhancement of high-density magnetic storage technologies. The robust PMA characteristic of these systems facilitates the development of scalable spintronic devices, crucial for next-generation magnetic memory applications. This study investigates the interplay between PMA and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI)—an antisymmetric exchange interaction prevalent in non-centrosymmetric magnetic systems—and its dissipative counterpart, chiral damping. While chiral damping arises from the same broken inversion symmetry as DMI, it typically introduces an additional energy dissipation channel, reducing device efficiency. Our research examines the effects of controlled helium ion (He+) irradiation on a Pt/Co/Pt system. We find that ion beam irradiation enhances interfacial intermixing, which correlates with a decrease in PMA. However, domain wall velocity measurements indicate a concurrent reduction in both DMI and chiral damping, along with enhanced velocities as irradiation fluence increases. These observations suggest that ion beam irradiation can be judiciously applied to achieve a balance between lower DMI, chiral damping, and reasonable PMA, thereby optimizing the system for improved device performance.
Viscous effects on the hydrodynamic performance of a two-body wave energy converter with a damping plate
Authors: Chu Bei , Zhou Boen , Zhou Songlin , Zhao Xianchao , She Huqing , Chen Weixin , Qu Yegao
Published: September 2024

In this study, the hydrodynamic forces and power absorption performance of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-based two-body wave energy converter (2BWEC) are investigated. A theoretical model is developed within the framework of linear potential flow to solve for added mass, radiation damping, and wave excitation force using the matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM). A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is employed to account for vortex-shedding effects of the floater and inner cylinder with a damping plate under various excitation conditions. Empirical formulas for supplementary added mass and drag coefficients caused by flow separation are proposed based on curve-fitting the differences between CFD results and MEEM calculations. These formulas are integrated into motion equations to enhance accuracy in evaluating the power absorption of the 2BWEC. It has been found that in the context of viscous flow, both the added mass and damping coefficients are increased, particularly for the inner cylinder with a damping plate. In addition, the viscous hydrodynamic coefficients exhibit strong dependence on the Keulegan–Carpenter number, while showing insensitivity to changes in the frequency parameter β. The supplementary (viscous) added mass provides additional inertia for the AUV with a limited mass itself, which is advantageous for the power absorption of the AUV-based 2BWEC. Conversely, the presence of viscous damping from the damping plate impedes wave energy capture.
Revealing two-dimensional electric field crowding effect in breakdown performance of DPPT-TT polymer-based OFETs
Authors: Mou Yabin , Zhang Jun , Ma Yiwei , Huang Shi , Chang Hengdian , Lin Haonan , Gu Xuanyu , Wu Zhiyao , Yao Jiafei , Yang Kemeng , Chen Jing , Li Man , Zhang Guobin , Bai Song , Guo Yufeng
Published: September 2024

The diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer (DPPT-TT) has been employed in organic power field effect transistors due to its exceptional off-state breakdown performance. The impact of organic semiconductor layer thickness on the breakdown performance has not been explored. In this study, we investigate the impact of DPPT-TT layer thickness on the breakdown voltage (BV) by fabricating organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with various DPPT-TT layer thicknesses. Our findings reveal that the devices' BV is a strong function of DPPT-TT layer thickness, and reducing the DPPT-TT layer thickness from 68 to 15 nm results in a decrease in BV from 291 to 86 V, attributed to the two-dimensional (2D) electric field crowding effect. An analytical model utilizing the 2D Poisson equation reveals an electric field at the DPPT-TT layer's surface. Thinner DPPT-TT layer exhibits larger electric field peak, leading to premature breakdown near the drain electrode. The relationship between breakdown electric field and DPPT-TT layer thickness was established by fitting the experimental data to the model, revealing an average BV error of only 8.8%. This phenomenon is validated to be ubiquitous in polymer based OFETs via DPPT-TT-based and P3HT-based devices. According to the proposed model, this 2D electric field crowding effect can be mitigated by adjusting the dielectric layer thickness (tD) and/or the dielectric material.
Tourism Cases Special Issue: The Work Integrated Learning (WIL) Experience: Challenges, Triumphs and Lessons to be Learned
Authors: Macionis Niki , Walters Gabby
Published: September 2024

This special issue explores the trials and tribulations, successes, and best practice examples of Work Integrated Learning (WIL) opportunities offered to students and trainees within tourism and hospitality programs and events sectors. In this special issue, we feature six unique cases that demonstrate the application of WIL to prepare students and trainees for the tourism and hospitality workforce. The cases cover both tertiary and vocational contexts across six different countries.

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Identifying noise transients in gravitational-wave data arising from nonlinear couplings
Authors: Hall Bernard , Suyamprakasam Sudhagar , Mazumder Nairwita , More Anupreeta , Bose Sukanta
Published: September 2024

Noise in various interferometer systems can sometimes couple non-linearly to create excess noise in the gravitational wave (GW) strain data. Third-order statistics, such as bicoherence and biphase, can identify these couplings and help discriminate those occurrences from astrophysical GW signals. However, the conventional analysis can yield large bicoherence values even when no phase-coupling is present, thereby, resulting in false identifications. Introducing artificial phase randomization in computing the bicoherence reduces such occurrences with negligible impact on its effectiveness for detecting true phase-coupled disturbances. We demonstrate this property with simulated disturbances—focusing only on short-duration ones (lasting up to a few seconds) and employing mainly the auto-bicoherence in this work. Statistical hypothesis testing is used for distinguishing phase-coupled disturbances from non-phase coupled ones when employing the phase-randomized bicoherence. We also obtain an expression for the bicoherence value that minimizes the sum of the probabilities of false positives and false negatives. This can be chosen as a threshold for shortlisting bicoherence triggers for further scrutiny for the presence of non-linear coupling. Finally, the utility of the phase-randomized bicoherence analysis in GW time-series data is demonstrated for the following three scenarios: (1) Finding third-order statistical similarities within categories of noise transients, such as blips and koi fish. If these non-Gaussian noise transients, or glitches, have a common source, their bicoherence maps can have similarities arising from common bifrequencies related to that source. (2) Differentiating linear or non-linear phase-coupled glitches from compact binary coalescence signals through their bicoherence maps. This is explained with a simulated signal. (3) Identifying repeated bifrequencies in the second and third observation runs (i.e. O2 and O3) of LIGO and Virgo.
Spin-2 Green’s functions on Kerr in radiation gauge
Authors: Casals Marc , Hollands Stefan , Pound Adam , Toomani Vahid
Published: September 2024

We construct retarded and advanced Green’s functions for gravitational perturbations in Kerr in an ingoing radiation gauge. Our Green’s functions have a frequency domain piece that has previously been obtained by Ori (2003 Phys. Rev. D 67) based on the Chrzanowski-Cohen-Kegeles metric reconstruction method. As is well known, this piece by itself is not sufficient to obtain an actual Green’s function. We show how to complete it with a piece based on a method by Green et al (2020 Class. Quantum Grav.
37). The completion piece has a completely explicit form in the time-domain and is supported on pairs of points on the same outgoing principal null geodesic which are in the appropriate causal order. We expect our Green’s functions to be useful for gravitational self-force calculations and other perturbation problems on Kerr spacetime.
Doping engineering modulated adsorption and sensing performance of β-tellurene towards greenhouse gas molecules
Authors: Zhang Hanjie , Zhang Yitong , Li Jiesen , Lu Yi-Lin , Xu Jingyue , Luo Ran , Dong Shengjie , Mei Lin , Mao Zhuo
Published: September 2024

CO2, CH4, CF4, CCl3F, CCl2F2, HCF2Cl, N2O and SF6 are well-known greenhouse gases that cause serious threat to the earth’s ecological environment. To expand the application and development of two-dimensional (2D) materials in the field of greenhouse gas sensing, adsorption of the greenhouse gases on the pristine β-tellurene monolayer was investigated by first-principles calculations to estimate the potential application of β-tellurene as a monitor for greenhouse gas. The results indicate that β-tellurene exhibits favorable adsorption capabilities for greenhouse gases, especially demonstrating selective sensing potential for SF6 molecules due to the changes in electronic structures after gas exposure. The effects of noble metal atoms doping on structural, electronic and SF6 sensing properties were systematic estimated. The calculation results revealed that doping with different transition metal (TM) atom could bring diverse electronic properties to β-tellurene. Among them, doping with Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru could effectively enhance the electronic delocalization, improving the detection sensitivity for β-tellurene. In addition, TM doping could also improve the recovery time of β-tellurene by two orders of magnitude, and provided the possibility for β-tellurene as a work function type sensing material. By delving into the gas sensing properties of β-tellurene with TM doping, we provided a valuable guidance for the design of innovative tellurene- based sensing 2D materials for devices and technologies.
Soft sensor for melting flow rate prediction based on data-enhanced classification method
Authors: Zhang Zhengmin , Yang Yiming , Hou Yanxi , Ou Danlin , Xu Lei
Published: September 2024

The melt flow rate (MFR) is a crucial quality indicator for polyolefin products. However, the offline laboratory measurement method suffers from significant time delays between sampling and obtaining test values, making it inconvenient for real-time product quality control. Additionally, installing an online analyzer can be expensive. In this study, we propose a soft sensor method that combines mechanism analysis and data-driven approaches to predict the MFR in the extruder process. Firstly, we analyze the physical mechanism of the extruder process, and the time series data are processed into independent enhanced data sets by reasonably selecting data enhancement parameters. Secondly, we statistically model the distribution of particle MFR and classify the data into four sections. We train Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) regression models separately for low and non-low MFR sections while also developing a global classification model to invoke corresponding regression models when needed. The results demonstrate that our classification model achieves 100% accuracy in distinguishing between low and non-low MFR categories; furthermore, our regression models achieve an RMSE of 0.600, and an R
2 value of 0.998, outperforming existing models on various indicators. Finally, considering viscosity variations in polyolefin products’ influence on prediction performance, we recommend setting data enhancement parameters contrary to particle MFR trends.