bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and transmission of M. tuberculosis in Moldova: A prospective genomic analysis
Authors: Yang Chongguang , Sobkowiak Benjamin , Naidu Vijay , Codreanu Alexandru , Ciobanu Nelly , Gunasekera Kenneth S. , Chitwood Melanie H. , Alexandru Sofia , Bivol Stela , Russi Marcus , Havumaki Joshua , Cudahy Patrick , Fosburgh Heather , Allender Christopher J. , Centner Heather , Engelthaler David M. , Menzies Nicolas A. , Warren Joshua L. , Crudu Valeriu , Colijn Caroline , Cohen Ted
Published: February 2022

Background

The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains critically high in countries of the former Soviet Union, where >20% of new cases and >50% of previously treated cases have resistance to rifampin and isoniazid. Transmission of resistant strains, as opposed to resistance selected through inadequate treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB), is the main driver of incident MDR-TB in these countries.

Methods and findings

We conducted a prospective, genomic analysis of all culture-positive TB cases diagnosed in 2018 and 2019 in the Republic of Moldova. We used phylogenetic methods to identify putative transmission clusters; spatial and demographic data were analyzed to further describe local transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of 2,236 participants, 779 (36%) had MDR-TB, of whom 386 (50%) had never been treated previously for TB. Moreover, 92% of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains belonged to putative transmission clusters. Phylogenetic reconstruction identified 3 large clades that were comprised nearly uniformly of MDR-TB: 2 of these clades were of Beijing lineage, and 1 of Ural lineage, and each had additional distinct clade-specific second-line drug resistance mutations and geographic distributions. Spatial and temporal proximity between pairs of cases within a cluster was associated with greater genomic similarity. Our study lasted for only 2 years, a relatively short duration compared with the natural history of TB, and, thus, the ability to infer the full extent of transmission is limited.

Conclusions

The MDR-TB epidemic in Moldova is associated with the local transmission of multiple M. tuberculosis strains, including distinct clades of highly drug-resistant M. tuberculosis with varying geographic distributions and drug resistance profiles. This study demonstrates the role of comprehensive genomic surveillance for understanding the transmission of M. tuberculosis and highlights the urgency of interventions to interrupt transmission of highly drug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
“There are many fevers”: Communities’ perception and management of Febrile illness and its relationship with human animal interactions in South-Western Uganda
Authors: Mahero Michael Wandanje , Pelican Katherine M. , Waila Jacinta M. , Namusisi Shamilah , Rwego Innocent B. , Kajura Charles , Nyatuna Christopher , Boulware David R. , Hartter Joel , Mugisha Lawrence , Robertson Cheryl , Travis Dominic A.
Published: February 2022

Diagnosing the causative agent of febrile illness in resource-limited countries is a challenge in part due to lack of adequate diagnostic infrastructure to confirm cause of infection. Most febrile illnesses (>60%) are non-malarial, with a significant proportion being zoonotic and likely from animal origins. To better characterize the pathways for zoonotic disease transmission and control in vulnerable communities, adequate information on the communities’ experiences and lexicon describing fever, and their understanding and perceptions of risk pathways is required. We undertook an ethnographic study to understand behaviors, exposures, and attitudes toward fever at the community level. Our hope is to better elucidate areas of priority surveillance and diagnostic investment. A focused ethnography consisting of participant observation, informal conversations, 4 barazas (community meetings), and formal ethnographic interviews (13 Focus group discussions and 17 Key informant interviews) was conducted between April and November 2015 in Kasese and Hoima Districts in Uganda. Perception of illness and associated risk factors was heavily influenced by the predominant livelihood activity of the community. The term “fever” referred to multiple temperature elevating disease processes, recognized as distinct pathological occurrences. However, malaria was the illness often cited, treated, or diagnosed both at the health facilities and through self-diagnosis and treatment. As expected, fever is as an important health challenge affecting all ages. Recognition of malarial fever was consistent with a biomedical model of disease while non-malarial fevers were interpreted mainly through ethno etiological models of explanation. These models are currently being used to inform education and prevention strategies and treatment regimens toward the goal of improving patients’ outcomes and confidence in the health system. Development of treatment algorithms that consider social, cultural, and economic contexts, especially where human-animal interaction is prevalent, should factor animal exposure and zoonotic illnesses as important differentials.
Interpreting coronary artery disease GWAS results: A functional genomics approach assessing biological significance
Authors: Hartmann Katherine , Seweryn Michał , Sadee Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated 58 loci in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the biological basis for these associations, the relevant genes, and causative variants often remain uncertain. Since the vast majority of GWAS loci reside outside coding regions, most exert regulatory functions. Here we explore the complexity of each of these loci, using tissue specific RNA sequencing data from GTEx to identify genes that exhibit altered expression patterns in the context of GWAS-significant loci, expanding the list of candidate genes from the 75 currently annotated by GWAS to 245, with almost half of these transcripts being non-coding. Tissue specific allelic expression imbalance data, also from GTEx, allows us to uncover GWAS variants that mark functional variation in a locus, e.g., rs7528419 residing in the SORT1 locus, in liver specifically, and rs72689147 in the GUYC1A1 locus, across a variety of tissues. We consider the GWAS variant rs1412444 in the LIPA locus in more detail as an example, probing tissue and transcript specific effects of genetic variation in the region. By evaluating linkage disequilibrium (LD) between tissue specific eQTLs, we reveal evidence for multiple functional variants within loci. We identify 3 variants (rs1412444, rs1051338, rs2250781) that when considered together, each improve the ability to account for LIPA gene expression, suggesting multiple interacting factors. These results refine the assignment of 58 GWAS loci to likely causative variants in a handful of cases and for the remainder help to re-prioritize associated genes and RNA isoforms, suggesting that ncRNAs maybe a relevant transcript in almost half of CAD GWAS results. Our findings support a multi-factorial system where a single variant can influence multiple genes and each genes is regulated by multiple variants.
Durable T-cellular and humoral responses in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized and community patients
Authors: Mohn Kristin G.-I. , Bredholt Geir , Zhou Fan , Madsen Anders , Onyango Therese B. , Fjelltveit Elisabeth B. , Jalloh Sarah L. , Brokstad Karl A. , Cantoni Diego , Mayora-Neto Martin , Temperton Nigel , Langeland Nina , Cox Rebecca J. ,   on behalf of Bergen COVID-19 research group
Published: February 2022

Background

Neutralizing antibodies are important for protection against the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus, and long-term memory responses determine the risk of re-infection or boosting after vaccination. T-cellular responses are considered important for partial protection against novel variants of concern.

Methods

A prospective cohort of hospitalized (n = 14) and community (n = 38) patients with rt-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited. Blood samples and clinical data were collected when diagnosed and at 6 months. Serum samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2-spike specific antibodies using ELISA (IgG, IgA, IgM), pseudotype neutralization and microneutralization assays. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were investigated for virus-specific T-cell responses in the interferon-γ and interleukin-2 fluorescent-linked immunosorbent spot (FluroSpot) assay.

Results

We found durable SARS-CoV-2 spike- and internal protein specific T-cellular responses in patients with persistent antibodies at 6 months. Significantly higher IL-2 and IFN-γ secreting T-cell responses as well as SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected in hospitalized compared to community patients. The immune response was impacted by age, gender, comorbidity and severity of illness, reflecting clinical observations.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cellular and antibody responses persisted for 6 months post confirmed infection. In previously infected patients, re-exposure or vaccination will boost long-term immunity, possibly providing protection against re-infection with variant viruses.
Similarities and disparities between visual analysis and high-resolution electromyography of facial expressions
Authors: Gat Liraz , Gerston Aaron , Shikun Liu , Inzelberg Lilah , Hanein Yael
Published: February 2022

Computer vision (CV) is widely used in the investigation of facial expressions. Applications range from psychological evaluation to neurology, to name just two examples. CV for identifying facial expressions may suffer from several shortcomings: CV provides indirect information about muscle activation, it is insensitive to activations that do not involve visible deformations, such as jaw clenching. Moreover, it relies on high-resolution and unobstructed visuals. High density surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings with soft electrode array is an alternative approach which provides direct information about muscle activation, even from freely behaving humans. In this investigation, we compare CV and sEMG analysis of facial muscle activation. We used independent component analysis (ICA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) to quantify the similarity and disparity between the two approaches for posed muscle activations. The comparison reveals similarity in event detection, but discrepancies and inconsistencies in source identification. Specifically, the correspondence between sEMG and action unit (AU)-based analyses, the most widely used basis of CV muscle activation prediction, appears to vary between participants and sessions. We also show a comparison between AU and sEMG data of spontaneous smiles, highlighting the differences between the two approaches. The data presented in this paper suggests that the use of AU-based analysis should consider its limited ability to reliably compare between different sessions and individuals and highlight the advantages of high-resolution sEMG for facial expression analysis.
Global cropland could be almost halved: Assessment of land saving potentials under different strategies and implications for agricultural markets
Authors: Schneider Julia M. , Zabel Florian , Schünemann Franziska , Delzeit Ruth , Mauser Wolfram
Published: February 2022

The pressure on land resources continuously increases not only with the rising demand for agricultural commodities, but also with the growing need for action on global challenges, such as biodiversity loss or climate change, where land plays a crucial role. Land saving as a strategy, where agricultural productivity is increased to allow a reduction of required cropland while sustaining production volumes and meeting demand, could address this trade-off. With our interdisciplinary model-based study, we globally assess regional potentials of land saving and analyze resulting effects on agricultural production, prices and trade. Thereby, different land saving strategies are investigated that (1) minimize required cropland (2) minimize spatial marginalization induced by land saving and (3) maximize the attainable profit. We find that current cropland requirements could be reduced between 37% and 48%, depending on the applied land saving strategy. The generally more efficient use of land would cause crop prices to fall in all regions, but also trigger an increase in global agricultural production of 2.8%. While largest land saving potentials occur in regions with high yield gaps, the impacts on prices and production are strongest in highly populated regions with already high pressure on land. Global crop prices and trade affect regional impacts of land saving on agricultural markets and can displace effects to spatially distant regions. Our results point out the importance of investigating the potentials and effects of land saving in the context of global markets within an integrative, global framework. The resulting land saving potentials can moreover reframe debates on global potentials for afforestation and carbon sequestration, as well as on how to reconcile agricultural production and biodiversity conservation and thus contribute to approaching central goals of the 21st century, addressed for example in the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement or the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
Influence of glucose on swarming and quorum sensing of Dickeya solani
Authors: Gatta Roberta , Wiese Andrzej , Iwanicki Adam , Obuchowski Michał
Published: February 2022

Dickeya solaniis a pathogen most frequently responsible for infecting potato plants in Europe. As in the case of most plant pathogens, its ability to colonize and invade the host depends on chemotaxis and motility. The coordinated movement ofDickeyaover solid surfaces is governed by a quorum sensing mechanism. InD.solanimotility is regulated by ExpI-ExpR proteins, homologous toluxI-luxRsystem fromVibrio fisheri, in whichN-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) serve as signaling molecules. Moreover, in many Gram-negative bacteria motility is coupled with central metabolism via carbon catabolite repression. This enables them to reach more nutrient-efficient niches. The aim of this study was to analyze the swarming motility ofD.solanidepending on the volume of the medium in the cultivation plate and glucose content. We show that the ability of this bacterium to move is strictly dependent on both these factors. Moreover, we analyze the production of AHLs and show that the quorum sensing mechanism inD.solaniis also influenced by the availability of glucose in the medium and that the distribution of these signaling molecules are different depending on the volume of the medium in the plate.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves symptoms, brain’s microstructure and functionality in veterans with treatment resistant post-traumatic stress disorder: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Doenyas-Barak Keren , Catalogna Merav , Kutz Ilan , Levi Gabriela , Hadanny Amir , Tal Sigal , Daphna-Tekoha Shir , Sasson Efrat , Shechter Yarden , Efrati Shai
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by changes in both brain activity and microstructural integrity. Cumulative evidence demonstrates that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) induces neuroplasticity and case-series studies indicate its potentially positive effects on PTSD. The aim of the study was to evaluate HBOT’s effect in veterans with treatment resistant PTSD.

Methods

Veterans with treatment resistant PTSD were 1:1 randomized to HBOT or control groups. All other brain pathologies served as exclusion criteria. Outcome measures included clinician-administered PTSD scale-V (CAPS-V) questionnaires, brief symptom inventory (BSI), BECK depression inventory (BDI), brain microstructural integrity evaluated by MRI diffuse tensor imaging sequence (DTI), and brain function was evaluated by an n-back task using functional MRI (fMRI). The treatment group underwent sixty daily hyperbaric sessions. No interventions were performed in the control group.

Results

Thirty-five veterans were randomized to HBOT (N = 18) or control (n = 17) and 29 completed the protocol. Following HBOT, there was a significant improvement in CAPS-V scores and no change in the control (F = 30.57, P<0.0001, Net effect size = 1.64). Significant improvements were also demonstrated in BSI and BDI scores (F = 5.72, P = 0.024 Net effect size = 0.89, and F = 7.65, P = 0.01, Net effect size = 1.03). Improved brain activity was seen in fMRI in the left dorsolateral prefrontal, middle temporal gyri, both thalami, left hippocampus and left insula. The DTI showed significant increases in fractional anisotropy in the fronto-limbic white-matter, genu of the corpus callosum and fornix.

Conclusions

HBOT improved symptoms, brain microstructure and functionality in veterans with treatment resistant PTSD.
Itemization difference of patient-reported outcome in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Lin Ming-Chieh , Dai Chia-Yen , Huang Chung-Feng , Yeh Ming-Lun , Liu Yi-Chan , Hsu Po-Yao , Wei Yu-Ju , Lee Pei-Lun , Huang Ching-I , Liang Po-Cheng , Hsieh Ming-Yen , Hsieh Meng-Hsuan , Jang Tyng-Yuan , Lin Zu-Yau , Huang Jee-Fu , Yu Ming-Lung , Chuang Wan-Long
Published: February 2022

Background and aims

The itemization difference of patient-reported outcome (PRO) in hepatitis patients with different etiologies remains elusive in Asia. We aimed to assess the characteristics and the difference of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.

Methods

We conducted the study in an outpatient setting. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was completed by the patients upon the initial diagnosis and recruitment for a long-term follow-up purpose. The PRO results were also assessed by disease severity.

Results

There were 244 patients (198 males) of CHB, 54 patients (29 males) of CHC, and 129 patients (85 males) of NAFLD, respectively. CHC patient had the mean score of 67.1 ± 23.3 in physical component summary (PCS) of the SF-36 health survey, which was significantly lower than CHB patients (76.4 ± 19.5), and NAFLD patients (77.5 ± 13.7), respectively (p = 0.001). The significantly lower performance of PCS in CHC patients was mainly attributed to the lower performance in physical functioning and bodily pain components. Higher fibrosis 4 index scores were significantly associated with lower PCS scores in all patient groups. There was no significant difference of mean mental component summary (MCS) between groups. However, NAFLD patients had significantly lower mental health scores than other groups (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

The significant difference of HRQoL exists in hepatitis patients with different etiologies. Disease severity leads to a lower PCS performance.
BEX1 is a critical determinant of viral myocarditis
Authors: Martens Colton R. , Dorn Lisa E. , Kenney Adam D. , Bansal Shyam S. , Yount Jacob S. , Accornero Federica
Published: February 2022

Viral infection of the heart is a common but underappreciated cause of heart failure. Viruses can cause direct cardiac damage by lysing infected cardiomyocytes. Inflammatory immune responses that limit viral replication can also indirectly cause damage during infection, making regulatory factors that fine-tune these responses particularly important. Identifying and understanding these factors that regulate cardiac immune responses during infection will be essential for developing targeted treatments for virus-associated heart failure. Our laboratory has discovered Brain Expressed X-linked protein 1 (BEX1) as a novel stress-regulated pro-inflammatory factor in the heart. Here we report that BEX1 plays a cardioprotective role in the heart during viral infection. Specifically, we adopted genetic gain- and loss-of-function strategies to modulate BEX1 expression in the heart in the context of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced cardiomyopathy and found that BEX1 limits viral replication in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, despite the greater viral load observed in mice lacking BEX1, inflammatory immune cell recruitment in the mouse heart was profoundly impaired in the absence of BEX1. Overall, the absence of BEX1 accelerated CVB3-driven heart failure and pathologic heart remodeling. This result suggests that limiting inflammatory cell recruitment has detrimental consequences for the heart during viral infections. Conversely, transgenic mice overexpressing BEX1 in cardiomyocytes revealed the efficacy of BEX1 for counteracting viral replication in the heart in vivo. We also found that BEX1 retains its antiviral role in isolated cells. Indeed, BEX1 was necessary and sufficient to counteract viral replication in both isolated primary cardiomyocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts suggesting a broader applicability of BEX1 as antiviral agent that extended to viruses other than CVB3, including Influenza A and Sendai virus. Mechanistically, BEX1 regulated interferon beta (IFN-β) expression in infected cells. Overall, our study suggests a multifaceted role of BEX1 in the cardiac antiviral immune response.
Painting as technology: Toolpaths and pathways in Cheyney Thompson’s work
Authors: Gottschaller Pia
Published: February 2022

This article focuses on the experimental painting process of Cheyney Thompson (b. 1975). It is informed by French postmodern theory, principles of colour theory, and includes algorithms developed by the artist himself. Thompson’s practice can be understood as a continuous rumination on technology and the history of technology, as the artist explained in several interviews for this text, which also describes how his themes since c.2006 have been transposed into elaborate practical processes. The concerns and sources for his interrelated sets and series of paintings are wide-ranging, from the relationship between photography, printing and painting, to the Modernist grid, square and monochromy; how labour and time can be measured and mapped; and the role of the artist’s gesture, chance, and the influence of capitalist forces in the production and distribution of art.
Shirley Kaneda: Doubled prisms
Authors: Ryan David
Published: February 2022

This article examines the work of Shirley Kaneda, the Korean-Japanese American artist. It discusses various paintings from Kaneda’s output, both from the 1990s and from the last six years, in order to draw out her concerns and intentions. In this light it also explores her statements from articles and interviews in thinking through her intertwining of both theoretical and painterly concerns. It moves from the context of her early work in theConceptual Abstractionexhibition of 1991 at the Sidney Janis Gallery in New York, to the actual form and procedures that the work implements. Formalism, or post-formalism here, develops the means to deconstruct certain inherited tropes of modernism and provide a new re-formation of them, and here Kaneda draws both on feminist, modernist and poststructuralist ideas. This also has implications for the viewer and how the work frames and proposes material for an encounter with these elements. The bracketing of early and recent work highlights ongoing continuities and differences within Kaneda’s oeuvre.
Before and after photography
Authors: Sweet David
Published: February 2022

The challenge posed to nineteenth-century painting is placed in the context of current uncertainties about artificial intelligence. It is argued that at the centre of photography was an ‘artificial retina’, generating a highly unified pictoriality. Impressionism adopts this retinal or optical model. Before photography paintings were organized around perspective, allowing more spatial drama. However, perspective is also an example of artificial intelligence, based on eyesight. Cézanne disrupts the unity of Impressionism reintroducing elements of the pre-photographic, combining two scopic regimes. A feature of this hybrid approach is the diagonal, initially connecting the picture plane to the horizon, but modified in response to the photograph. This can be observed in many works from Cézanne to Matisse and beyond. Further examples of the function of this diagonal are discussed in reference to contemporary works by Tomma Abts, Sharon Hall and Marc Vaux.
Nexus, veil: Robert Ryman and the equivocal spaces of abstraction
Authors: Virgoe April
Published: February 2022

It is now understood that the two great defining points in the history of western painting – the emergence of illusory space in the Quattrocento and its disavowal in the mid-twentieth century – represent significant shifts in a perpetual tide in which pictorial space is re-invented. Outside of modernist teleology, the ‘abstract’ in painting is a malleable term, denoting a tendency, or a move away from, rather than a polemic against depiction. How productively, then, can notions of pictorial space be mapped between ‘abstraction’ and ‘figuration’? In this article, I focus on the work of the American painter Robert Ryman (1930–2019). Ryman defined his work as ‘realist’ and deployed a materialism that foregrounded the processes of painting. His paintings are both disarmingly simple and spatially complex, and, despite his disavowal of illusion, this complexity is, paradoxically, concerned with the production of pictorial space. I bring together two texts, Hubert Damisch’s A Theory of /Cloud/ and Hanneke Grootenboer’s The Rhetoric of Perspective, to address the complex and contradictory spaces in Ryman’s paintings and to suggest that they enter into a negotiation with a perspective that is something very different to a rebuttal. To look at Ryman again in this way is to offer a rethinking of the paradoxical spaces of abstract painting, its past and its present.
Portrait of landscape
Authors: Thuring Caragh
Published: February 2022

This is a visual conjuring of sensations of pleasure, curiosity, unease, disruption and volatility. A comprehension of interiors, exteriors and their landscapes. Repetition, connection and the macro, micro experience of traversing an environment. Stopping to focus or taking in a wider analysis and how we piece together and digest experience. What we choose to see, how we look and what we edit.
El séptimo sello (1957), entre pestes y sindemias
Authors: Moreta Velayos Francisco Ignacio , Moreta Montero Carolina , Sánchez de la Mano Flori , Ramírez Oribe Carmen , Sica Sica Manuela Alina , Montero Sánchez Nieves
Published: February 2022

Tal que, a otros muchos, sin duda, con el inicio de los confinamientos decretados para intentar contener la actual pandemia, nos vino a la cabeza El séptimo sello (1957) de Bergman, relacionando los acontecimientos del tiempo en que se desarrolla la película con los que vivíamos y vivimos actualmente: la epidemia de Peste Negra que asolaba Suecia en el siglo XIV de un lado y la pandemia por Covid-19 de otro, sindemias ambas como algunos prefieren llamarlas.

Tomando como disculpa la obra de Ingmar Bergman nuestra pretensión es hacer algunas comparaciones entre la peste medieval y la pandemia actual aportando algunas reflexiones y opiniones personales surgidas muchas de ellas de nuestra propia experiencia durante estos largos meses.
MÁQUINAS AUTÔNOMAS E RESPONSABILIDADE NO ÂMBITO DO DIREITO PENAL: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA TEORIA DA AÇÃO SIGNIFICATIVA
Authors: Chaves Junior Airto , Berzagui Bruno
Published: February 2022

A pesquisa objetiva verificar, a partir dos estudos da Teoria da Ação Significativa, a responsabilidade no campo do Direito Penal por ocasião de resultados decorrentes do emprego de máquinas autônomas incorporadas a sistemas de Inteligência Artificial. Justifica-se o estudo em razão dos constantes avanços tecnológicos na área da inteligência artificial, o que permitiu que brotassem teses de uma suposta responsabilidade penal atribuída às máquinas. Os objetivos específicos são do estudo são: a) tratar das categorias “ação” e “acontecimento” com fundamento na Teoria da Ação Significativa; b) investigar os avanços tecnológicos na área da inteligência artificial, especialmente no que toca aos sistemas autônomos a ela relacionados; c) verificar se há incidência do Direito Penal direcionado à máquina; e, por último, d) tratar, no âmbito da ação, se essa responsabilidade é de quem cria, maneja e/ou coloca em atividade esses sistemas autônomos de inteligência artificial. Ao final da pesquisa, verifica-se que o conceito de “ação” se diferencia daquilo que se entende por “acontecimento” (explicável por regras de causalidade, porém desprovido de sentido). Por isso, somente é possível considerar responsabilização penal quando forem esses sistemas utilizados pelo ser humano como instrumento para prática de uma ação penalmente relevante. O método é o indutivo, subsidiado pela pesquisa bibliográfica.
ÉTICA COMO VALOR NORMATIVO NA CONDUTA DO ADVOGADO: RESPONSABILIDADE DEMOCRÁTICA NO ACESSO À JUSTIÇA
Authors: Santana Neto Hamilton Gomes de
Published: February 2022

O estudo da ética engloba inúmeras concepções filosóficas do pensamento humano; afinal, aquela está no homem, não nas coisas. No entanto, este artigo tem como foco discorrer sobre a ética na seara profissional do advogado, destacando o viés teórico e sua importância na construção de condutas morais, normativas, ao agente da advocacia. Assim, a análise da ética profissional na advocacia revela-se importante para debater, na prática, a influência e responsabilidade do advogado na construção do corpo social através de sua essencialidade ao acesso à Justiça, destacando seu papel como ator na construção da democracia.
Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilation Reduces Further Recurrence in Patients With Recurrent Common Bile Duct Stones: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Xu , Wang Xiangping , Sun Hao , Ren Gui , Wang Biaoluo , Liang Shuhui , Zhang Linhui , Kang Xiaoyu , Tao Qin , Guo Xuegang , Luo Hui , Pan Yanglin
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Up to 60% of patients with common bile duct stone (CBDS) recurrence suffer from further recurrence after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). There are no effective methods to prevent recurrence in most patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the short-term and long-term efficacies of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) for the management of recurrent CBDS in a randomized controlled trial.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients with recurrent CBDS were eligible and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the EPLBD group or the control group. The primary outcome was the CBDS recurrence rate within 2 years after ERCP. The analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle.

RESULTS:

From 2014 to 2021, 180 patients with recurrent CBDS were included, with 90 in each group. All patients underwent complete CBDS clearance by 1 or several sessions of ERCP. The rate of complete clearance in 1 session was significantly higher with EPLBD treatment (95.6% vs 85.6%, P = 0.017). During the follow-up, the CBDS recurrence rate within 2 years was significantly lower in the EPLBD group than in the control group (21.1% [19/90] vs 36.7% [33/90], relative risk 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.36–0.93, P = 0.021). At a median follow-up of approximately 56 months, CBDS recurrence was found in 34.4% of the patients (31/90) in the EPLBD group and 51.1% (46/90) in the control group (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.36–0.89, P = 0.012). Multiple recurrences (≥2) were also decreased in the EPLBD group (4.4% vs 18.9%, P = 0.020).

DISCUSSION:

During the long-term follow-up, nearly half of the patients with recurrent CBDS experienced stone recurrence after traditional ERCP. Our study was the first to show that EPLBD effectively reduced the recurrence of CBDS.
Genetic divergence between pumpkin accessions for morphoagronomic characters
Authors: Paula Ribeiro Rayanne Maria , Alves Pereira Carla Caroline , Hamurábi Anizio Lins  , Barboza Michele , Espindula de Carvalho Islan Diego , De Sousa Nunes Glauber Henrique , Da Silveira Lindomar Maria , Barros Júnior Aurélio Paes
Published: February 2022

The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity between accessions of Cucurbita moschata from the Northeast of Brazil and preserved at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) in Mossoró-RN. The experiment was carried out in complete randomized blocks, with two replications and three plants per plot. The treatments consisted of 51 accessions of C. moschata Duch and a commercial cultivar of Cucurbita maximum Duch. After ripening, the fruits were harvested (one fruit per plant) and evaluated for morpho-agronomic descriptors. Univariate and multivariate variance analyzes were performed. From the dissimilarity matrices, accessions were hierarchically grouped by the UPGMA method. The relative contribution of quantitative characters to the divergence was also estimated. There was an effect of accessions (p <0.01 or p <0.05) for all characters in univariate analyzes, indicating that there is heterogeneity between the accessions evaluated. Considering the quantitative descriptors, the accessions formed eight groups and for the qualitative six groups. When considering the two sets of descriptors, the accessions were distributed in eight groups but presenting a greater distribution of accessions. The descriptors that most contributed to the discrimination of accessions were the firmness of the pulp and the length of the fruit.
Agronomic assessment of 32 sour passionfruit genotypes in federal district
Authors: Michelle Souza Vilela  , José Ricardo Peixoto  , Samara Dias Rocha Ramos  , Rosa Maria de Deus de Sousa  , Assussena Pereira de Oliveira  , Marcelo de Abreu Flores Toscano  , Antônio Alves de Oliveira Junior
Published: February 2022

The production of passion fruit is important in Brazil. In order to contribute to the development of the most promising cultivars of passion fruit, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of 32 genotypes of passion fruit in Federal District of Brazil, and to estimate genetic parameters for use in breeding programs. Thirty-two genotypes were used in a randomized block design, with eight plants per plot and four replications. The experiment was conducted in field. Twenty-eight harvests were performed, and the variables analyzed were: productivity estimated, total number of fruits per hectare, average fruit weight and these characteristics following classification of fruits in five categories. The genotypes that presented the highest total yield estimated were MAR20 # 23, AR 01 and PLANTA 7. For industrial purposes, genotypes MAR 20 # 21 and BRS Gigante Amarelo were superior. For fresh consumption, the genotypes with the best performance were PLANT 7, AR 01 and MSC. Total productivity estimated and total number of fruits per hectare in the first-class classification showed high values of heritability and CVg/CVe ratio. These results indicate a favorable condition for selection.
Evaluation of microsatellite allelic patterns to DNA fingerprinting in rubber tree clones
Authors: Domingos da Silva André Lucas , Jônatas Chagas de Oliveira2  , Tatiana de Campos
Published: February 2022

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is native to the Amazon region, and it is widely exploited due to natural rubber produced from latex. There are many clonal varieties, without certification tests. In order to determine a genetic certification, 15 clones were genotyped to identify their genetic pattern. Ten microsatellites were used to determine a subset of alleles exclusive for each genetic profile. The genetic estimates obtained were: number of alleles per locus (N), expected (HE) and observed (HO) heterozygosity, Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Discriminatory Power (DP). The number of alleles (N) ranged from five to 14, with an average of 9.2. The HE mean (0.80) was higher than HO (0.60), indicating a selection for homozygotes. The locus informativeness was verified with PIC (0.77) and DP (0.90) means showing high polymorphism. The dendrogram represented the formation of three groups related to geographical origin. Clone MDF 180 presented the highest genetic divergence. Two genic pools represented the genetic composition of genotypes. Based on allelic profiles, a set of two microsatellites (A2365 and A2368) was able to distinguish all examined clones. The genetic certification using microsatellite fingerprinting proved to be an alternative to morphological traits.
Uniformity of water distribution by a sprinkler irrigation system on a soccer field
Authors: Andrade Lucas Maltoni , Pacheco Jean Carlos Coelho , Costa Giovanna Lyssa Lacerda , Alencar Carlos Augusto Brasileiro de , Cunha Fernando França da
Published: February 2022

Soccer field grass can be compared to highly sensitive crops regarding water deficit and must be irrigated throughout the year to provide decent conditions for use. For this, efficient irrigation systems are necessary to save water and energy, and this is possible, provided that they are evaluated. Therefore, this paper evaluated the water distribution uniformity, by different methodologies, for an irrigation system installed in a grass soccer field. Also, the influences of multiple spacings between sprinklers and meteorological factors on the final results were assessed. The irrigation system had Falcon 6504 sprinklers, operating at the pressure of 320 kPa. Six field essays were conducted considering overlaying water depths originated from the same irrigation system considering spacings between sprinklers varying from 6 m x 6 m, 6 m x 9 m, 9 m x 9 m, 9 m x 12 m, 12 m x 12 m, 12 m x 15 m, 15 m x 15 m, 15 m x 18 m, 18 m x 18 m, 18 m x 21 m, 21 m x 21 m, 21 m x 24 m, 24 m x 24 m, 24 m x 27 m, 27 m x 27 m, 27 m x 30 m and 30 m x 30 m. The uniformity coefficients used were: Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU), distribution uniformity coefficient (DU), absolute uniformity coefficient (UA), statistical uniformity coefficient (US), Hart uniformity coefficient (UH) and HSPA standard efficiency (UHSPA). Meteorological data were obtained during the essays. Wind speed caused reduction in the length of the water jet applied by the sprinkler and also caused a bigger effect on the water distribution uniformity. Both CU and UH showed higher values compared to the other coefficients. The increase in the spacing between the sprinklers resulted in reduced water distribution coefficients. To comply with technical and economic criteria, an arrangement of 12 m x 15 m between the Falcon 6504 sprinklers, operating at a 320 kPa pressure, is recommended.
Ancient Egyptian Linguistic Heritage in Hebrew: New Evidence
Authors: Cerqueglini Letizia
Published: February 2022

The Ancient Egyptian lexical heritage detected in Hebrew so far consists of approximately one hundred nouns (units of measures, raw materials, natural elements, technical tools, ritual instruments and procedures, among others) and some twenty personal names of central biblical characters (especially related to Moses’s family and the Levites) have been identified. According to the linguistic research conducted until now, the contact of ancient Hebrew-speakers with Egypt was sustained and culturally meaningful. I discuss here the hypothesis of the presence of some further Ancient Egyptian loanwords in Hebrew (Egy. dp.t ‘ship’, ḥbš ‘person of eastern African origin’, pḥr ‘ampoule for medical ointment’, and ḥnwkk ‘dedication, gift’), a possible Egyptian influence in the Hebrew color term ḥūm, a case of semantically similar lexical pair (Hb: bʔr ‘to clarify’/ bʕr ‘glow’), whose phonological differences in Hebrew may be due to both regular development from the Afroasiatic lexical stock and contact with Ancient Egyptian, and a new interpretation of the word raʕūʕ ‘fresh, newborn’, in light of Ancient Egyptian data.
Miliza Edwinovna Matje, à propos du Naufragé
Authors: Obsomer Claude
Published: February 2022

Présentation d'un article publié en 1930 par l'égyptologue russe M.E. Matje, non relevé dans la base de données « Online Egyptological Bibliography » (OEB), qui compare la phraséologie de deux textes littéraires égyptiens : Sinouhé et le Naufragé.
Horizontes educativos ante el auge de la “nueva extrema derecha” en Europa: Un análisis documental
Authors: Neubauer Adrián , Méndez-Núñez Angel
Published: February 2022

Ante la irrupción de la “nueva extrema derecha” europea, y la consolidación de su representación parlamentaria tanto en instancias europeas como específicamente nacionales de estos partidos, este artículo analiza las propuestas en materia de política educativa de cuatro de estas organizaciones políticas. De esta manera, la metodología empleada fue el Análisis Documental, tomando como objeto de estudio los programas electorales de Alternativa para Alemania (Alemania), Agrupación Nacional (Francia), Liga Norte (Italia) y VOX (España). Después de identificar los elementos comunes de estos partidos políticos, en pos de desarrollar la sistematización de los datos recogidos, se elaboró una matriz de análisis a partir de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre la cuestión. Los resultados reflejan algunas líneas de convergencia entre las organizaciones de “nueva extrema derecha” en relación con el nacionalismo, al papel de la educación en la sociedad y su marcado carácter xenófobo y antiinmigración. De este modo, los resultados muestran que: (i) los cuatro partidos convergen al señalar que el sistema educativo debe perpetuar y legitimar la cultura hegemónica y reforzar la identidad nacional de sus ciudadanos; (ii) a través de la neutralización del discurso, sin embargo, se esconde un marcado carácter antiinmigrante —específicamente anti–musulmán—, sirviéndose de la defensa de la seguridad nacional, la familia tradicional y las libertades nacionales. A partir de estos resultados, se puede concluir que existe una agenda política común en materia educativa entre los partidos de la “nueva extrema derecha” europea, la cual supone una seria amenaza para los sectores históricamente vulnerables, así como para la población inmigrante.
Gestão pública de Smart Cities brasileiras e seus efeitos na educação local
Authors: Flach Leonardo , Sallaberry Jonatas Dutra , Venturini Lauren Dal Bem , Mattos Luísa Karam , Bittencourt Bárbara Rocha
Published: February 2022

A pesquisa analisa as relações diretas e indiretas dos principais componentes das Smart Cities: as tecnologias inteligentes, a governança fiscal da gestão pública e os indicadores educacionais. A análise foi desenvolvida com modelagem de equações estruturais a partir dos dados de 94 Smart Cities brasileiras. Os resultados estatísticos indicam que a existência ou disponibilidade de tecnologias inteligentes não influencia diretamente em melhores indicadores educacionais, entretanto resulta em melhor governança fiscal e esta sim em melhores indicadores educacionais dos cidadãos. Indiretamente, os coeficientes estatísticos confirmam que a relação entre tecnologias inteligentes e os indicadores educacionais é mediada pela governança fiscal. Diante disso, constata-se que a necessidade de investimento em disponibilidade de tecnologias para a educação precisa ser acompanhada de investimentos para o efetivo emprego dessas tecnologias, como a disponibilidade de tutores, facilitação do acesso à internet e cessão de computadores, resultando consequentemente em maior capacidade de contribuir para o desenvolvimento dos seus cidadãos.
OPTIMALISASI PEMBERIAN MP-ASI DINI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PADANG SERAI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Mulyanti Mulyanti , Rahayu Sri
Published: February 2022

Gagalnya Pemberian ASI Eksklusif disebabkan oleh pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) yang diberikan lebih awal sebelum usia 6 Bulan. Bayi usia 0-6 bulan seharusnya hanya diberikan ASI saja tanpa tambahan makanan pendamping apapun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa penyebab belum optimalnya pemberian MP-ASI Dini. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif analitik dan pengumpulan data dengan cross sectional. Populasi seluruh ibu yang mempunyai bayi umur 6-12 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Padang Serai Kota Bengkulu. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Simple Random Sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 70 orang ibu bayi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor pengetahuan, status pekerjaan dan sosial ekonomi dengan pemberian MP-ASI Dini. Pentingnya Komunikasi Informasi dan Edukasi mengenai ASI Eksklusif dari Petugas kesehatan agar praktik pemberian MP-ASI dapat dihindari.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM ASI EKSKLUSIF DI PUSKESMAS SERING KECAMATAN MEDAN TEMBUNG
Authors: Gurning Fitriani Pramita , Alfazira Chika Ismauzi , Hairuna Putri , Hasibuan Yustika Anggraini
Published: February 2022

Exclusive breastfeeding is the best type of initial food for babies and up to 2 months of age. The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the health center, often in Medan Tembung sub-district, is around 67 babies (35%) who are given exclusive breastfeeding out of 191 babies, influenced by lack of participation from the mother pregnant and breastfeeding mothers to the exclusive breastfeeding program at puskesmas frequently. Therefore, the implementation of the exclusive breastfeeding program has become weak. The aim of this study was to determine the implementation of the exclusive breastfeeding program which included goals and objectives, the communication process (socialization), resources and characteristics of the program implementing agency. This method of research is effective. The research informants were 1 head of the puskesmas, 2 people in charge of the exclusive breastfeeding program, and 3 midwives for health workers. Data collection was through in-depth interviews with key informants and informants on triangulation and observations. The results showed that the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding programs in puskesmas is generally less successful. The program was implemented mentoring during push-ups and testing in the posyandu project. Communication in the program does not achieve the goals and objectives. The implementation of an exclusive breastfeeding program can be effectively implemented by increasing the social activities associated with the program according to the plan and by providing a support program for the program.
Wood-water interactions of thermally modified, acetylated and melamine formaldehyde resin impregnated beech wood
Authors: Čermák Petr , Baar Jan , Dömény Jakub , Výbohová Eva , Rousek Radim , Pařil Petr , Oberle Anna , Čabalová Iveta , Hess Dominik , Vodák Michal , Brabec Martin
Published: February 2022

The wood-water interactions of modified beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) were studied. Specimens were thermally modified at 180 (TM1), 200 (TM2) and 220 °C (TM3), acetylated (Acet), and melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin (Mel) modified. Afterwards, the water vapour characteristics, i.e. water vapour sorption isotherms, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), dimensional stability of specimens conditioned at 30, 65 and 90% RH and liquid water characteristics, i.e. water absorption, maximum moisture content (MC), leachability and swelling kinetics, were determined and the results compared with reference (Ref) specimens. From the results, it is evident that the scale of wood-water interactions was highly dependent on the thermal modification temperature and type of chemical modification. The water vapour isotherms of thermally modified wood decreased, whereas more severe treatment exhibited more distinct reduction. The EMC values of the Mel and TM1 specimens decreased only at high RH, whereas the most significant decrease, within the whole range of observation, was found in the Acet group. The maximum MC reduction was achieved by acetylation. As a consequence of swelling reduction, dimensional stability expressed as anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) was considerably improved. A relatively high initial linear-phase swelling rate was found for the Ref specimens, whereas modified wood exhibited comparatively slow and gradual swelling.