bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Second Huweize Marshes ­Battle (March 1985)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with another Iranian offensive launched in the Huweize Marshes area un March 1985, that was called by the Iraqis “Crown of Battles”. It describes the battle and the Iraqi regrouping and counter attack and its consequences. It deals also with the lessons the Iraqi learned by the Iraqi leadership from the last two battles in the Huwize Marshes and the decision taking by them and their implementation in the war, including their new strategy. It also deals with the escalation of the war in the aerial and naval arenas in the first half of 1985, especially their continuous air attacks on Kharg island, and the appearance of SCUD missiles used by the Iranians against Iraqi cities.
The Iranians Renew Their Attacks in the Northern Sector (1985–1986)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with another Iranian offensive launched in the Northern sector of the front, in the Sidikan area during the period of July and September 1985. It describes the battles in this mountainous areas in the Kurdistan where the Iraqis deployed their special forces, commando forces and the loyal Kurdish forces. It deals also with the continuous war against Iranian oil exports—and the air attacks on Kharg Island, and it includes a Summary of the fifth year of the war, especially the building of forces of the Iraqi armed forces and the growth in activity of the Iraqi air force in the war.
Introduction to the Victory Battles (January–April 1988)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the first three month of 1988, one of the most complex periods of the prolonged war. Both sides concentrated on the northern front in mountainous Kurdistan, with the increasing involvement of opposition factions from both sides. Iraq activated “Mujahedin Khalk” forces on Iranian soil, while Iran involved Kurdish opposition and “Badr-9” opposition forces, which brought the Iraqi Army to mount punitive activities against the Kurdish opposition. To these were added the chemical attack on Halabja, which was a high point in the use of unconventional weapons in that war by the Iraqis. The Iraqi Air Force continued attacking targets in Iran, culminating in the most intensive phase of the “war of the cities,” during which the Iraqis implemented their new long-range “Al-Hussein” missiles for the first time. Above all, Iraq covertly continued its preparations for the liberation battles that would cause it to emerge victorious from the war.
Reactions to the Conquest of Kuwait and Iraqi Preparations for the Anticipated Conflict with the Coalition
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the reactions to the conquest of Kuwait by Iraq and the Iraqi preparations for the anticipated conflict with the Coalition countries. It describes the global and regional reaction to the Iraqi surprising attack on Kuwait, the establishment of the Coalition countries against Iraq led by the United States, and the build-up of its military forces in Saudi Arabia. On the other side it describes the Iraqi preliminary measures taken towards the anticipated conflict with the Coalition, the Iraqi evaluation of the situation and their preparations of the Iraqis towards the war for defensive operations, as well as offensive ones and the deployment of forces of both sides on the eve of the war.
The Iraqi Attack on Al-Khafji (January 1991)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the Iraqi forces attack on the Saudi port town of Al-Khafji and the Iraqi deception operations along the Saudi border with Kuwait and Iraq in January 1991. These were the only Iraqi Army ground forces initiated operations against Coalition forces in this war, that were praised along the years by the Iraqi propaganda as a symbol of their “success” against the Coalition forces in this war. It describes the Iraqi decision to launch those operations, their planning and preparations, the forces participated, their execution, the Coalition forces respond and their consequences.
“The Mother of All Battles” (“Desert Storm”)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the end of the war in the Gulf, the ceasefire and the summation of the war. It describes the Iraqi retreat from Kuwait, the Iraqi preparations for the campaign in southern Iraq against a possible Coalition forces penetration into it and the ceasefire between the two fighting sides and the Safwan talks. It analyzes the conduct of the war by Saddam Hussein, and his involvement in it, the results of the war and the causes of the Iraqi defeat, their mistakes and failures and the important consequences of this defeat and its influence on the Iraqi Armed Forces in the coming years. This war was an important milestone in the history of the Iraqi Army.
Iraq’s Struggle against International Supervision (1991–2003)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with Iraq’s struggle between the years 1991-2003, against the international supervision by the UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that were trying to expose Saddam’s unconventional weapons. It describes their efforts to dismantle Iraq from its non conventional weapons and production capabilities. Saddam’s cousin defection and its repercussions for the commissions’ activities, and the continuing Coalition attacks on various targets in Iraq in order to convince Saddam to cooperate with those organizations. The struggle between the sides surrounding this issue brought the Coalition countries headed by the US to decide to go to another war against Iraq (in 2003), thus ultimately bringing to the collapse of Saddam’s regime and the armed.
The Iraqi Army’s Confrontation with the Kurds and Iran
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the Iraqi Army’s confrontation with their traditional enemies, the Kurdish opposition and Iran in the 90th, parallel to their struggle against the Coalition forces. The Iraqis’ struggle against the Kurdish opposition was a continuation of the Intifada that broke out in March 1991, and Its brutal suppression by the regime that brought to the Coalition and UN intervention. It describes the successful Kurdish attacks on the Iraqi army in northern Iraq (March 1995) and the Iraqi military retaliation in attacking the city of Erbil (August 1995). It describes also the Iranian attacks into Iraqi territory as response to Iraqi help to Iranian opposition forces to carry out attacks against Iran.
“The Whole Nation Is the Army”
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the manpower and administrative system in the Iraqi Armed Forces. It describes the Administration Division of the General Staff that was responsible for all manpower matters in the Armed Forces, its missions and responsibilities and its development, especially during the Iran-Iraq war. It describes the directorates that were involved in this field—the General Recruitment system, the Scientific and Technical Training of manpower, the Enlisted Men and the Officers systems, the officers organizations, the personal services system, the Military Archives and the General Affairs directorates. It describes also the Medical Services of the Armed Forces, their functioning and training system, the Military Police and women service in the Armed Forces.
Military Industry and Production
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with Iraq’s military industry and production system. It describes its historical background, its organization and structure, its development, especially during the war against Iran and after, and its important contribution in building the military power of Iraq during Saddam’s regime. Its role in advancing the country’s economic development, establishing Iraq’s status as a regional power, gaining national prestige and strengthening Iraq’s deterrent towards its neighbours and enemies, especially Iran and Israel. It describes its various projects of conventional weapon systems, the foreign assistance they got and their achievements, especially in developing and producing long range surface to surface missiles. It also describes its role in rehabilitating the country after the 1991 war and its civilian and economic projects.
Unconventional Weapons
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

The chapter deals with the Iraqi efforts to develop and produce weapons of mass destruction—chemical, biological and nuclear. It describes the various projects in each field, their history, the foreign assistance they got, the infrastructure the Iraqis built for them, their achievements and types of weapons the Iraqis produces and their arsenals, especially of the Chemical and Biological weapons. The efforts of the U. N. supervisory commissions (UNSCOM) and the international Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to disarm Iraq from those weapons and capabilities to renew the development and production of them by Iraq after 1991. The use of chemical weapons by the Iraqis against the Kurds and the Iranian forces during the war between the two countries, and the possibility of using them against coalition forces during the wars in 1991 and 2003. The Iraqi efforts to achieve a nuclear device in a crash program before the war in 1991.
Epilogue
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

On 6 January 2003 Iraq celebrated the 82nd anniversary of its army’s existence. In Baghdad and elsewhere, there was apprehension about the future, but the top leadership did not imagine that those were to be the last celebrations that would take place under their regime. Iraq’s defeat in Operation “Iraqi Freedom” less than three months later was a dramatic finale for a regime—and for Saddam himself—that had ruled the country with an iron hand for a third of a century, a period that had witnessed more wars than any other chapter in modern Iraqi history. As Saddam put it, “Has there ever been an army that fought harder and longer than the Iraqi Army?”...
The Crossing Battle, Part 3
Authors: Even General Jacob , Maoz Colonel Simcha B.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the coordination of various moving parts to bring the crossing battle to completion. On the morning of October 16, the roller bridge was no longer seen as a viable option for crossing the canal, and Sharon commanded the 257th Battalion to detach from the 421st Brigade and go on to Matzmed. The Unifloat rafts were in good shape, and after their arrival at Akavish 55, the 630th Bridging Battalion was ordered to Matzmed to receive further instructions from Sharon. The Crocodile envoy arrived at Matzmed around 4 a.m. and commenced crossing to the western bank at 7 a.m. According to Even and Maoz, the Crocodile rafts saved Operation Stouthearted Men, the Israel Defense Forces, and Israel itself from a catastrophic defeat.
Eight Days
Authors: Even General Jacob , Maoz Colonel Simcha B.
Published: January 2018

By midday on October 17, the Egyptian army realized the extent of the presence of the IDF and began assembling armor and infantry on the western bank in an attempt to contain the bridgehead. By the original plan, the 421st Brigade was to seize the western bridgehead on Havit Road; however, due to the increased presence of Egyptian forces, the 421st Brigade withdrew slightly to regroup. On the morning of October 18, the 162nd Division planned to be at the bridgehead west of the canal, and then to break through to the west and southwest—a highly unrealistic goal, given the Southern Command’s progress in the previous two weeks.
The European Theater of Operations
Authors: Laslie Brian D.
Published: January 2018

Chapter Four follows the architects of the air war as they were shipped overseas to gain combat experience. General Hap Arnold knew that his most trusted subordinates would need combat missions on their records if they were going to be leaders in a post-war Air Force. Kuter was deployed overseas in October 1942 to take command of the First Bombardment Wing. When General Kuter assumed command he found four understrength groups of B-17's (Flying Fortresses) operating separately. He succeeded in welding the individual squadrons and groups into a coordinated fighting force. Despite his desire to stay and lead the wing, Kuter’s reputation proceeded him and he was forced to depart England only a few weeks after taking command of the wing.
North Africa
Authors: Laslie Brian D.
Published: January 2018

Chapter Five demonstrates that Kuter’s reputation as an organizer led him to be ordered to North Africa. In January of 1943, Eisenhower consolidated his North African air power into an Allied Air Force. Eisenhower placed “Tooey” Spaatz in overall command with the U.S. Twelfth Air Force and the British Eastern Air Command under him. To help him organize the Allied Air Force Carl A. Spaatz wanted Brigadier General Laurence S. Kuter, to come to Algiers to help coordinate air units widely separated and weakly connected by centralized command. Kuter greatly aided in this and also in linking air and ground operations. In this assignment Kuter crossed paths and crossed words with ground commanders including General George Patton.
The Pacific, War’s End, and Air Transport Command
Authors: Laslie Brian D.
Published: January 2018

Kuter followed his herculean efforts in DC by going to the Marianas Islands in May 1945 to become deputy commander of Army Air Forces, Pacific Ocean Area, and to help operate the U.S. Army Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific. His work here shifted away from bombardment and into aerial transport. Kuter was eventually named commander of the new Military Air Transport Service. Kuter, as head of MATS, became involved in the earliest days of the Cold War including the Berlin Airlift. This shows the rise and importance of massive air transport as an air force mission. The same way Kuter helped give rise to important theories on bombardment, he now did the same for airlift.
Air University
Authors: Laslie Brian D.
Published: January 2018

As commander of the Air University, This was Kuter’s second assignment to Maxwell. Here, General Kuter set about improving officer education. He raised the Air Command and Staff School, formally ACTS, to a college level that instructed mid-grade officers in the application of air power. He also oversaw the Squadron Officer's Course for development of company-grade officers as well. Kuter developed the Air University along the models of actual colleges with a staff and faculty to handle all levels of professional military education in the U.S. Air Force. This proved to be somewhat of a golden age of education as Kuter helped bring back many of the senior leaders of World War II to speak to the student body.
Obtaining French novels
Authors: Atkinson Juliette
Published: January 2018

French novels were associated throughout the nineteenth century with the infamous Holywell Street. However, they were far more widely obtainable, and readily consumed, than this suggests. Libraries such as the fairly exclusive London Library, Mudie’spopular Select Library, and working-class institutions, did their part to make them available; surviving archives paint a vivid picture of the public appetite for novels by writers such as Dumas and Paul de Kock. Booksellers such as Jeffs and Rolandi were important in supplying readers with contemporary trends, but they also took on additional roles as editors and members of Anglo-French networks. Periodicals, meanwhile, made French literature available to readers who had not necessarily been searching for it. Long serializations of the 1840s aimed predominantly at a less wealthy audience, and translations geared towards a growing middle-class (and often female) market in the 1860s, further demonstrate the omnipresence of French literature in Victorian culture.
Literary influence
Authors: Atkinson Juliette
Published: January 2018

The dangers posed by French novels were not simply moral: they were also literary. Critics throughout the period compulsively listed any indication that a Victorian novel had been influenced by French novelists. The many writers involved with the sensation fiction of the 1860s challenged the purity (both moral and formal) of English novels. Comparisons between sensation novels and their French antecedents led to a reconsideration of the assumed superiority of English life and culture. Sensation novelists did not always proclaim their French inspirations, but many were keen to identify themselves as followers of Balzac, who had set important precedents for the genre, and whose literary star was rising in England. The boundaries of the English novel were further tested by acts of plagiarism committed by novelists like Braddon and Reade; in challenging critics to untangle the composition of their work, they demonstrated the porous boundaries of domestic literary traditions.
The Present and the Past in the Sagas of Icelanders
Authors: Antonsson Haki
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines how the Sagas of Icelanders (Íslendingasögur), which were mostly written in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, reflected their present in a particularly period of the past, the so-called ‘Saga-Age’ which roughly covers the period between the Settlement of Iceland in the late ninth century to the second half of the eleventh century. Iceland’s peculiar constitutional arrangement during the Commonwealth period (930–1262/64), most notably the absence of kingship, freed authors from following a clearly demarcated narrative arch that focused on a single royal dynasty (as, for instance, in Denmark and Norway). Though predominantly concerned with disputes, saga writers could address issues of contemporary relevance, such as the nature of lordship and role of law, through stories set in a society similar, but not identical, to their own.
The Chronicler and the Count
Authors: Kagan Richard L.
Published: January 2018

In 1601 an unusual and unprecedented lawsuit began at the Spanish court in Madrid. The plaintiff: the Count of Puñonrostro; the defendant, Antonio de Herrera y Tordesilla, one of the Habsburg monarchy’s official chroniclers and author of the General History of the Indies. The issue: the veracity and supposedly libellous nature of Herrera’s account of the Count’s grandfather, Pedrarias Dávila, the first Spanish governor of what is now Panama. Herrera defended his interpretation of the available sources, the truthfulness of his history, and more broadly, the right of historians to exercise what we today call free speech. In this respect, the lawsuit questioned the way history was to be written, interpreted, and, more importantly, used.
La Rosca de Investigación y Acción Social
Authors: Rappaport Joanne
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on La Rosca de Investigación y Acción Social, an organisation that functioned in the early 1970s in various locations in Colombia, its purpose to cooperate with indigenous and peasant organisations in the reconstruction of memory and the reintroduction of practices and institutions that would strengthen resistance to large landowners and the state. In particular, the chapter explores La Rosca’s work with the National Association of Peasant Users (ANUC) in the Caribbean coastal region. looking at: (1) how historical material was collected and the role of the different parties in the research process, (2) the process of interpretation of this historical material and the role of ‘science’ as it was articulated by the external researchers, (3) the methodologies employed in the writing/setting on paper in visual or written form of these interpretations, and (4) the life-spans and political trajectories of the results.
Thorkel Farserk Goes for a Swim: Climate Change, the Medieval Optimum, and the Perils of Amateurism
Authors: Holsinger Bruce
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the role of amateurism in shaping scholarly, popular, and political representations of the Medieval Optimum, a centuries-long warming era prior to the early modern period. Beginning with an Icelandic account in the Landnámabók of a swim by Thorkel Farserk across a frigid fjord, an account that played an important role in Hubert Lamb’s development of the science of paleoclimatology, the chapter goes on to survey a wide variety of materials relating to the use and abuse of the Medieval Warm Period in subsequent decades, from United Nations climate reports and scientific articles to home school curricula and congressional debates.
Saints’ Cults and Celebrity: The Medieval Legacy
Authors: Robinson James
Published: January 2018

This chapter is based on Robinson’s experience as a curator of medieval material culture. It relates especially to his interest in relic veneration that culminated in the 2011 Treasures of Heaven exhibition at the British Museum. In order to make saints' cults accessible to modern audiences, he draws on the parallels between medieval devotion to saints and modern devotion to celebrities, chiefly through: crucifixion iconography (James Dean, Jim Morrison), pilgrimage to a shrine and annual commemoration (Elvis Presley/Graceland), perverse satisfaction at the death of a saint/celebrity, importance of clothes as reliquaries that enshrined a living form and are therefore imbued with the quality of the previous owner (Marilyn Monroe's gowns, Michael Jackson’s diamante glove), and fame for charitable works (Princess Diana, Audrey Hepburn). Princess Diana emerges as particularly close to a medieval saint with her healing touch, her glowing presence as a groomed but emotionally damaged figure, a virgin princess both detrimental and beneficial to the monarchy. The chapter highlights the importance of significant objects to medievalist practice, and Robinson draws on his experiences in sourcing modern as well as medieval devotional objects for exhibition, including issues of ownership, accessibility and value of such objects at auctions.
Chaucer’s and Wordsworth’s Vivid Daisies
Authors: Robertson Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

In 1802, shortly after William Wordsworth read and translated Chaucer, he set down to write a series of poems that mark a shift from his primary focus on the rural poor to tiny and seemingly insignificant natural objects, insects, birds and small common flowers such as the celandine and, above all, the daisy. While Wordsworth’s identity as a nature poet has long been observed, literary critics have yet to notice that among the poems that Wordsworth read and indeed knew well was Chaucer’s Legend of Good Women, written in 1386 or thereabouts, a poem whose prologue also includes not only close observation of the daisy but also a consideration of the kind of poetic language one should employ when encountering nature. Close study of Chaucer’s poem and Wordsworth’s multiple poems to daisies within the frame of Timothy Morton’s stimulating theory of ecomimetic ambient poetics reveals that for Wordsworth, Chaucerian medievalism offered a language for thinking through the strengths and limits of poetic encounters with nature.
Introduction
Authors: Zuk Patrick , Frolova-Walker Marina
Published: January 2018

The Introduction outlines the rationale for the volume, and its pioneering status in attempting to represent a broad cross-spectrum of recent research by Russian and Western scholars working on Russian music since 1917 that illustrates how the field has transformed since glasnost’. It opens with a brief overview of the development of the research domain, indicating the principal changes in emphasis and approach, and the intellectual issues that have come to the fore. It proceeds to summarise the themes of the essays in the volume’s six parts, explaining their significance in relation to the wider domain of Russian cultural studies.
The Phenomenon of ‘Translation’ in Russian Musical Culture of the 1920s and Early 1930s: The Quest for a Soviet Musical Identity
Authors: Raku Marina
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the problematic attempts to evolve a new Soviet musical culture on the basis of extant musical traditions, and the debates concerning how musical material of earlier periods could be transformed in a way that would render it suitable for use by Soviet composers. Musical ‘speech’ was regarded as an analogue of verbal communication and subjected to philological ‘decoding’ in quest for a new kind of musical rhetoric. The chapter concludes by examining Soviet debates about the possibility of ‘translating’ between musical words into words, and what this reveals about the constructs of Soviet identity that were in the process of formation at the period.
Composers in the Gulag: A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Klause Inna
Published: January 2018

It has generally been supposed that the repressions of the Stalinist period affected musicians and composers to a far lesser extent that other artists. The researches carried out by the author of the present chapter indicate that this assumption is not altogether tenable. The reminiscences of former prisoners, the archival holdings of the Memorial organisation and a variety of other sources allude to numerous names of musicians who were either shot or who served sentences in labour camps between the 1920s and 1950s. The chapter focuses in particular on composers, analysing the grounds for their arrest and the conditions that they experienced in the camps.
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: The Shostakovich–Bogdanov-Berezovsky Correspondence
Authors: Kovnatskaya Liudmila
Published: January 2018

This chapter offers an account of a recently discovered exchange of letters dating from the 1920s between the young Shostakovich and his close friend Valeryan Bogdanov-Berezovsky (1903–1971), who subsequently emerged as one of the leading Soviet musicologists and critics of his generation. The correspondence between the two men is of exceptional interest, as it offers a unique insight into Shostakovich’s character and artistic outlook at a crucial formative period. Unlike the composer’s later correspondence, in which he expressed himself with far greater circumspection, these letters are wholly free from self-censorship and reveal his innermost thoughts about life, love, and art with unusual frankness. The exuberant personality that they reveal stands in marked contrast to the ‘official’ public persona that Shostakovich adopted subsequently in his dealings with the outside world.
Musical Uproar in Moscow (II)
Authors: Fay Laurel E.
Published: January 2018

The core of this chapter is documentation of the proceedings of the Eighth All-Union Congress of Soviet Composers in 1991, drawn from the eyewitness account and tape-recorded transcripts made by the author, the only Western musicologist who was accredited to attend. It provides a vivid snapshot of a critical moment in Soviet musical and cultural history, a time of political upheaval, regional and ethnic strife, and economic collapse. The Congress began hopefully, but quickly disintegrated into a debacle of monumental proportions. From the vantage point of twenty years later, the Eighth—and what proved to be the final—Congress of the USSR Union of Composers stands out as a turning point in a radical and unprecedented cultural transformation.
The Idea of the 1920s in Russian Music Today
Authors: Quillen William
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines evocations of the early Soviet avant-garde in new compositions of the post-Soviet period, investigating how contemporary Russian composers imagine the modernist culture of the pre-Stalinist past and its significance. It is based upon interviews conducted by the author with contemporary Russian composers and analyses of recent musical works. As we will see, composers relate to the early Soviet avant-garde in a variety of ways. Importantly, attitudes to the 1920s are not merely celebratory: even some of the individuals today most interested in the early Soviet avant-garde see a dark side to its legacy, finding within modernist art of the Soviet 1920s disturbing messages about Russia’s fate or the course of the twentieth century, or even more sinister prophecies of larger tragedies to come.
Sidi Jenih – Saint Genet: An Example of Queer Maghrebi French
Authors: Provencher Denis M.
Published: January 2018

In Le Rouge du tarbouche (2004), a young male narrator-protagonist named Abdellah recounts a visit he and his mother pay to their cousin Malika in Larache, a historic town on Morocco’s Mediterranean coast. Malika’s husband had deserted both her and their five sons shortly after their move to Larache where she is happily pursuing a new life away from her former in-laws who “lui pourrissait l’existence au bled” [were ruining her life in the small town of the homeland] (45)....
Thanks
Authors: Michael Theodor
Published: January 2018

This book would never have been written if the children and grandchildren of two big families hadn’t pestered me for years to put my memories on paper.

My children have had to suffer rejection, exclusion, insults and undisguised racism as a result of their heritage. Their children, the great-grandchildren of Theophilus Wonja Michael from the German colony Cameroon, whose African heritage is now barely visible, have rarely had to suffer such negative experiences. That means that if anything they are proud of their African heritage and their appearance. So the question is: When will there be a change in people’s attitudes to Germans who at first sight look foreign?...
The Licensed City
Authors: Beckingham David
Published: January 2018

In nineteenth-century Britain few cities could rival Liverpool for recorded drunkenness. Civic pride at Liverpool’s imperial influence was undercut by anxieties about social problems that could all be connected to alcohol, from sectarian unrest and prostitution in the city’s streets to child neglect and excess mortality in its slums. These dangers, heightened in Liverpool by the apparent connections between the drink trade and the city’s civic elite, marked urban living and made alcohol a pressing political issue. As a temperance movement emerged to tackle the dangers of drink, campaigners challenged policy makers to re-imagine the acceptable reach of government. While national leaders often failed to agree on what was practically and philosophically palatable, social reformers in Liverpool focused on the system that licensed the sale of drink in the city’s pubs and beerhouses. By reforming licensing, they would later boast, Liverpool had tackled its reputation as the drunkenness capital of England. The Licensed City reveals just how battles over booze have made the modern city. As such, it confronts whether licensing is equipped to regulate today’s problem drinking.
Attacking the licensing system: The ‘twin evils’ of drunkenness and prostitution
Authors: Beckingham David
Published: January 2018

It was, in the end, the alleged alliance between the pub trade and prostitution that put Liverpool civic structures under pressure to reform. These included the organisation of licensing. This chapter examines the energies of a purity crusade in objecting to the renewal of particular pub licences, and argues that this was decisive in shaping reform to the city’s licensing system.
‘Middle-class peace men?’ – Labour and the Anti-War Agitation
Authors: Swift David
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines opposition to the war from the Left. It will first discuss the conscription issue of 1915-1916, the periodic strikes that threatened to cripple industries during the war, and the soldiers’ strikes and mutinies after the Armistice, the anti-war movement and centres of supposed resistance to the patriotism of the war years, and finally the Leeds and Stockholm conferences of 1917, which seemed to herald a break from the government line and a demand for an early peace settlement.
The Transnational World of Mann and Ross
Authors: Kirk Neville
Published: January 2018

Chapter Two moves from methodology and historiography to substantive matters. It seeks to re-capture the neglected radical transnational world in which Mann and Ross lived and worked and aspects of their contribution to its development. The chapter is broken down into the following sections: globalisation; proletarian ‘globetrotting’ and the spread of radicalism; individuals, circuits, encounters and networks; the trans-Tasman ‘community of labour’; the Pacific rim; radical connections between the ‘old’ and ‘new’ worlds; Mann’s and Ross’s relationships, networks and influences. The chapter maintains both that a radical transnational world existed, especially during the period of ‘free-trade globalisation’ between 1850 and 1914, and that Mann and Ross, albeit more so the former than the latter, made a major contribution to its character and development.
Introduction
Authors: Kirk Neville
Published: January 2018

Chapter 2 explored the transnational world in which Mann and Ross operated and their place and influence within it. Parts II and III investigate their contributions to specific aspects of this world. I begin, in the two chapters comprising Part II, by concentrating upon their most important contribution – to the nature and development of socialism, including socialist syndicalism, in Australia, New Zealand, Britain and, albeit to a lesser extent, the wider world....
Introduction
Authors: Kirk Neville
Published: January 2018

To what extent did Mann’s and Ross’s notions of working-class and labour-movement unity, socialist solidarity and internationalism include women and people of colour, or, to adopt the terminology of their times, ‘coloureds’? Did their attitudes and practices towards gender and race amount to what many recent historians have seen as the dominant patriarchal and white-racist attitudes of labour movements throughout the British, Anglophone and even global worlds of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? What were the overlaps between gender and race? How did Mann’s and Ross’s commitments to unity and solidarity fare during the period of World War I and the post-war years? This was a highly turbulent and volatile period when their opposition to the war in particular and militarism in general, combined with their warm welcome for the Bolshevik Revolution and post-war labour’s sharp move to the left, were severely tested by the dominant pro-war and anti-German sentiments of the labour movement and working-class people in Britain and Australasia, and by the increasing importance of the conservative ‘politics of loyalism’. What were the differences, as well as the commonalities and similarities, of their attitudes and actions and how do we explain them? Finally, what light do their experiences shed on more general labour and other positions towards gender, race, class, war, nation, empire, revolution and reaction? These are the key questions to be addressed in Part III. ...
Explaining the Decline of Orangeism
Authors: Roberts Keith Daniel
Published: January 2018

Chapter three analyses the decline of Orangeism in the city. Taking into account the perspectives of Orange officials, the author presents these reasons to the membership and affiliates. The overall response challenges the orthodox perception that post-war slum clearance (and the physical removal of lodges and communities) was the main causal factor in the decline of the Institution, suggesting that other factors were just as (if not more) important; such as apathy, a decline in religious observation, and a lost Orange youth.
The Colonial Fortune in Contemporary Fiction in French
Authors: Panaïté Oana
Published: January 2018

"The Colonial Fortune" highlights the features of a paracolonial aesthetics emanating from a significant body of contemporary Hexagonal and non-metropolitan texts. Authored by writers who are either directly involved in the debate about the colonial past and its remanence (J. M. G. Le Clézio, Paule Constant, Édouard Glissant, Tierno Monénembo, Marie NDiaye, and Leïla Sebbar) or who do not overtly manifest such concerns (Stéphane Audeguy, Marie Darrieussecq, Régis Jauffret, Pierre Michon, and Claude Simon), these works create a shared imaginary space permeated by the symbolic, rhetorical, and conceptual presence of colonialism in our postcolonial era. The paracolonial describes the phenomena of revival, resurgence, remanence, and residue – in other words, the permanence of the colonial in contemporary imagination. It also addresses the re-imagining, revisiting, and recasting of the colonial in current works of literature (fiction, autobiography, and essay). The idea of the colonial fortune emerges as an interface between our era’s concerns with issues of fate, economics, legacy, and debt stemming from the understudied persistence of the colonial in today’s political and cultural conversation, and literature’s ways of making sense of them both sensorially and sensibly.
Parvenir: An Introduction
Authors: Reznicek Matthew L.
Published: January 2018

This chapter establishes the need for Irish Studies to look beyond the geo-social space of Ireland. By emphasising the central cultural role Paris plays in nineteenth-century literature, it demonstrates the significance the city should play in studies of nineteenth-century Irish literature. This focus on Paris establishes the book’s key lines of inquiry: the connection between the city, economics, self-determination, and the capitalist Bildungsroman.
First Life—and then Fame
Authors: Reznicek Matthew L.
Published: January 2018

Katherine Cecil Thurston’s 1910 novel, Max, explores the bohemian Paris of the fin-de-siècle through the eyes of a young artist newly arrived from Russia. This young man is, however, actually a young princess in disguise, trying to escape an abusive marriage. Through the use of disguise and the New Woman figure of the female-to-male transvestite, this novel represents Paris through two competing genres: the masculine adventure narrative and the female romance.
A City She must Postpone: A Conclusion
Authors: Reznicek Matthew L.
Published: January 2018

This conclusion looks forward into the mid-twentieth-century works of Kate O’Brien in order to demonstrate the ongoing significance of Paris in Irish women’s novels. In three different bildungsromane, her protagonists experience different Parisian spaces. This analysis demonstrates that those spaces ultimately determine the type of Bildung available to those characters.
O modelo de gestão com pessoas: uma análise da abordagem de vantagem competitiva em uma instituição de ensino superior
Authors: Ribeiro Silvio Paula , Sousa Marco Aurélio Batista de , Rizzo Marçal Rogério , Tisott Sirlei Tonello
Published: January 2018

Este estudo teve como propósito analisar em que medida o modelo de gestão com pessoas de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior – IES assume características de vantagem competitiva, segundo a proposta de Lacombe e Tonelli (2001). Para atingir o objetivo, procurou-se estabelecer a relação entre pessoas e competitividade na estratégia funcional, segundo a ótica de vários autores. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise da trajetória do conceito da área de recursos humanos - ARH para a gestão com pessoas, atendo-se as nuances que cada termo assume. A metodologia empregada foi de estudo de caso com levantamento bibliográfico e documental, caracterizada como um estudo exploratório sob uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários direcionados a coordenadores de cursos, professores e funcionários técnicos administrativos da IES, sendo que para algumas questões adotou-se a escala Likert. Os resultados do estudo apontam que a IES não possui uma gestão com pessoas competitiva, pois as pessoas não identificam a gestão com pessoas como tal, não participam da elaboração do modelo de gestão com pessoas e nem conseguem identificar como é criado o modelo, já que não participam das decisões estratégicas e nem são informados sobre elas.
Original faglighed
Authors: Schmidt Christina Haandbæk
Published: January 2018

Denne artikel handler om, hvordan pædagogisk faglighed bliver til i daginstitutionens daglige liv i en tid præget af en uddannelsespolitisk læringsdagsorden. Formålet med artiklen er at afselvfølgeliggøre læringsdagsordenen og vise, hvordan der er flere og potentielt konfliktuerende rationaler på spil og undersøge, hvordan disse påvirker og rammesætter nye muligheder for pædagogisk faglighedsdannelse. I artiklen kortlægges 4 stærke og konfliktuerende rationaler, der tilsammen danner et spændingsfelt, inden for hvilket pædagogerne må erobre og skabe faglighed. Jeg præsenterer disse rationaler som 4 rationalefigurer – hhv. Strategen, Praktikeren, Idealisten og Pragmatikeren – og viser dernæst, hvordan de imaginært forsøger at tale deres forskellige rationaler frem i pædagogernes handlinger. Artiklen er baseret på ph.d.-afhandlingen ”Originale pædagoger. Daginstitutionspædagogers faglighed(er) i lyset af en insisterende læringsdagsorden”.This article Original professionalism explores how pedagogues create professionalism in daily life of day care within an educational policy organization increasingly committed to learning. The purpose of the article is to analyze and deconstruct the political learning agenda. As a result of the analysis 4 powerful and conflicting mindsets are identified forming a field of tension in which the pedagogue must create professionalism. In the article I present these mindsets as 4 imaginary figures of reason, the Strategist, the Practician, the Idealist and the Pragmatist, and demonstrate how they try to promote their different logics in the daily practice of the pedagogues.
Ratification
Authors: Watt David Harrington
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines three texts of the 1930s and 1940s that built upon and went beyond the polemics of the 1920s. The first, H. Richard Niebuhr's “Fundamentalism,” appeared in a highly respected reference work published in 1931, the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. The second, an informal memo by Talcott Parsons called “Memorandum: The Development of Groups and Organizations Amenable to Use against American Institutions and Foreign Policy,” was written in 1940. The third text is Carl F. H. Henry's 1947 book The Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalism. During this time, antifundamentalism embedded itself in standard reference works in a way that suggested that it was a simple truth, not one side of a controversy.
Reinvention
Authors: Watt David Harrington
Published: January 2018

This chapter studies the developments that set the stage for the reinvention of fundamentalism. It examines three texts that illustrate the uses to which fundamentalism was put during that time. The first is a brief article, Martin Marty's “Fundamentalism Reborn,” that appeared in the Saturday Review in the spring of 1980. It used the ideas of Talcott Parsons to comment on the dangers inherent in the rise of global fundamentalism. The second text, Holy Terror (1982), was written by two journalists, Flo Conway and Jim Siegelman. The book attempted to demonstrate that fundamentalists all over the globe are engaged in systematic campaigns against freedom, justice, progress, and democracy. The third text, “Islamic Fundamentalism and Islamic Radicalism,” is a transcript of congressional hearings that took place in the summer of 1985.
For the Common Good
Authors: Dorn Charles
Published: January 2018

Are colleges and universities in a period of unprecedented disruption? Is a bachelor's degree still worth the investment? What, exactly, is higher education good for? This book challenges the rhetoric of America's so-called crisis in higher education by investigating two centuries of college and university history. From the community college to the elite research university—in states from California to Maine—the book engages a fundamental question confronted by higher education institutions ever since the nation's founding: Do colleges and universities contribute to the common good? Tracking changes in the prevailing social ethos between the late eighteenth and early twenty-first centuries, the book illustrates the ways in which civic-mindedness, practicality, commercialism, and affluence influenced higher education's dedication to the public good. Each ethos, long a part of American history and tradition, came to predominate over the others during one of the four chronological periods examined in the book, informing the character of institutional debates and telling the definitive story of its time. The book demonstrates how two hundred years of political, economic, and social change prompted transformation among colleges and universities—including the establishment of entirely new kinds of institutions—and refashioned higher education in the United States over time in essential and often vibrant ways.
“To Promote More Effectually the Grand Interests of Society”
Authors: Dorn Charles
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on Georgetown College, the founding of which seems characterized by a collection of inconsistencies. The most intriguing incongruity associated with Georgetown's establishment is that although the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church founded the institution to educate young men to enter religious life—in essence, to prepare them for seminary—the college practiced religious tolerance and admitted students from a variety of Christian denominations. Consequently, few graduates entered the priesthood. As for the institution's educational purpose, the first prospectus declared a dedication to advancing the common good. The most compelling aspect of Georgetown's prospectus is the way it asserted the institution's commitment to advancing the public good through promoting “the grand interests of society.” Manifesting the same social ethos of civic-mindedness, its officials aimed to educate graduates who would better society through their life pursuits.
“This is to be Our Profession—To Serve the World”
Authors: Dorn Charles
Published: January 2018

This chapter looks at women's higher education. Supporters of women's higher education relied on a social ethos of civic-mindedness to justify their advocacy, arguing that higher learning enhanced women's capacity to contribute to the common good as wives, virtuous citizens, and, they added occasionally, teachers. However, for many students at women's colleges, practical preparation for work outside home, paid or not, offered a primary justification for attending college. Consequently, some graduates used their higher educations to become involved in social and political causes, including settlement work and woman suffrage, while others pursued advanced degrees. Of the many all-women's seminaries and colleges established following the Civil War, Smith College exemplifies the ways in which supporters of women's higher education abided by social conventions as they expanded educational opportunities.
Heading Out
Authors: Young Terence
Published: January 2018

Who are the real campers? Through-hiking backpackers traversing the Appalachian Trail? The family in an SUV making a tour of national parks and sleeping in tents at campgrounds? People committed to the RV lifestyle who move their homes from state to state as season and whim dictate? This book would claim: all of the above. Camping is one of the United States' most popular pastimes. Campers have been enjoying themselves for well over a century, during which time camping's appeal has shifted and evolved. This book takes readers into nature and explores with them the history of camping in the United States. The book shows how camping progressed from an impulse among city-dwellers to seek temporary retreat from their exhausting everyday surroundings to a form of recreation so popular that an industry grew up around it to provide an endless supply of ever-lighter and more convenient gear. It humanizes camping's history by spotlighting key figures in its development and a sampling of the campers and the variety of their excursions.