bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Originating-Destination Trips in Yangon by Using Big Data Source
Authors: Zin Thein Aye , Kyaing  , Lwin Ko Ko , Sekimoto Yoshihide ,   Yangon Technological University (YTU) Insein Road, Gyogone, Insein 11011, Yangon, Myanmar,   Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: February 2018

The ubiquitous massive mobile phone data generation presents new opportunities to determine the requirements of transportation, disaster management and public health care systems. Currently, data from mobile phone records can help in identifying the location of the users while they are making trips. Generally, this estimation is achieved using traditional data collection methods; however, these methods are difficult to apply in developing countries with rapidly growing cities owing to the high population and limitation in conducting a survey. Call detail records (CDRs) are used as base data because they are valuable data sources and can reduce the cost and time limitations. The aim of this study is to estimate origin-destination (OD) trips from each zone by using the CDRs. The OD trips are estimated by using the CDRs of one week taken from Myanmar Post and Telecommunication mobile operator for over 1.9 million users per day in Yangon, the economic center of Myanmar. The OD trips are estimated from CDRs based on the location of the base station in a limited time window and time frame. If the same mobile users is observed in two different the ones within the time limit, it is assumed that the mobile user is coming out from the first zone and the trips represents an originating trip. This trip would be the destination trip for zone where the mobile user enters. In this study, the originating (outgoing) and destination trips (incoming) from each township on a weekday and weekend are determined. These data are useful for infrastructure development and urban transportation planning.
Development of Fragility Functions of RC Buildings in Yangon City Using Push over Analysis
Authors: Gadagamma Chaitanya Krishna , Min Aung Ko , Gokon Hideomi , Meguro Kimiro , Yu Khin Than ,   Insititute of Industrial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan,   Former Graduate Student, The University of Tokyo, Japan,   Yangon Technological University, Myanmar
Published: February 2018

The recent apprehensions about active seismicity in Myanmar is a reminder of the significant hazards caused by earthquakes. Since some cities are subjected to high seismic risk, its assessment can be invaluable for disaster mitigation. This study focused on the development of fragility/damage probability functions for reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Yangon city because seismic vulnerability assessment is being an essential component of risk evaluation. Nonlinear static pushover analysis is carried out on a group of 54 RC buildings (39 low-rises and 15 high-rises) by varying the material strengths, as well as and analysis based on capacity curves over the demand spectrum with fixed performance points representing the damage probability as a function of both spectral displacement and ground accelerations.
Data Communication for Efficient Water Resource Management Among Multiple Stakeholders – A Case Study in the Bago River Basin, Myanmar –
Authors: Shirai Naruhiko , Bhagabati Seemanta Sharma , Kodaka Akira , Kohtake Naohiko , Kawasaki Akiyuki , Acierto Ralph Allen , Zin Win Win ,   Graduate School of System Design and Management, Keio University Collaboration Complex, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8526, Japan,   Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Yangon Technological University, Yangon, Myanmar
Published: February 2018

Cross-sectional communication for data sharing among multiple stakeholders involved in disaster responses is one of the fundamental non-structural measures that directly influence the performance of disaster risk reduction. Taking the event of the 2008 Cyclone Nargis as the watershed experience, Myanmar has been developing a nationwide disaster risk reduction scheme. Transition from the past structure of a vertically divided administration to cross-sectional interaction is underway, making use of lessons learned from past disaster events, yet many challenges remain in communications among stakeholders. To address the issue, this research proposes a communication scheme for data sharing among multiple stakeholders to complement the current scheme for better decision making of the stakeholders during both normal times and emergencies. The proposed scheme is evaluated by the stakeholders, and it is shown that the benefits would include not only the strengthening of the current scheme for decision making but also a contribution to the design of long-term plans in areas such as agriculture, irrigation, and disaster preparedness. This research anticipates further development of the scheme by employing more concrete needs of the stakeholders by reiterating contextual inquiries as well as by physically modeling a database taking case scenarios into account for its design.
Study on Disaster Prevention Countermeasures and Examples for Local Governments in Consideration of Regional Characteristics
Authors: Miura Shinya ,   National Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Sano Hiroaki , Handa Nobuyuki , Yi Tai-Young , Taguchi Hitoshi , Usuda Yuichiro
Published: February 2018

Many researchers have highlighted the necessity of disaster prevention countermeasures based on regional characteristics. However, in situations wherein disaster prevention measures are executed, often, no index (data) objectively indicates the risk of disaster considering regional characteristics. Therefore, disaster prevention measures are sometimes implemented without considering regional characteristics. As such, a way to extract and present disaster prevention countermeasures and examples that consider regional characteristics, including the risk of disaster are now needed. In the present study, we search for indices of the regional characteristics necessary to implement disaster prevention countermeasures and study a method to extract these countermeasures and examples based on the indices. In addition, the appropriateness of the method to extract the disaster prevention countermeasures and examples considering regional characteristics is verified through a questionnaire survey and interview.
3-D Gravity Basement Structure Around Mashiki, Kumamoto, Japan
Authors: Araki Shun , Noguchi Tatsuya , Komazawa Masao , Arimura Shoya , Tamura Mitsuhiro , Nakayama Kei , Morikawa Hitoshi , Miyamoto Takashi , Iiyama Kahori , Hata Yoshiya , Yoshimi Masayuki , Kagawa Takao , Goto Hiroyuki ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-G3-7, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan,   Tottori University, Tottori, Japan,   Oyo Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan,   Yamanashi University, Yamanashi, Japan,   Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,   Geological Survey of Japan/AIST, Tsukuba, Japan,   Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan {},   Former student, current affiliation has been changed
Published: February 2018

Gravity survey has been carried out around central part of Mashiki, Kumamoto, Japan, where was severely damaged by 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Dense observations were performed at more than 450 sites around the central part of Mashiki. The observation sites satisfy enough density to discuss density structure shallower than 500-meter depth around the target area. After applying some corrections to the observed data, Bouguer anomaly is obtained and three dimensional model of gravity basement is estimated. As a result, a graben runs parallel to the Akitsukawa River and some isolated small basins are found inside of the graben. The central part of Mashiki is located immediately above of the one of such the small basins. We also analyze focusing and defocusing effects of ray of seismic wave under very simple assumptions and it is found that the central part of Mashiki locates close to a focusing area.
Research on High Efficiency Operation Method of Linear Generator Engine
Authors: Arashi Daiki ,   Meijo University 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan, Kakinuma Yuuto , Sugiura Kei , Terai Takamasa , Ashizawa Satoshi , Oomichi Takeo
Published: February 2018

In this paper, a novel generator engine designed to achieve high efficiency, which we call an internal combustion engine with linear generator (ICELG), is proposed and its feasibility and validity are demonstrated using a simulator. Unlike conventional crank-type engines, the ICELG employs a linear motor, which is directly connected to the piston-cylinder unit, instead of a crank mechanism, thus eliminating the motional constraints. This allows the stroke to be changed in mid-operation. The simulator is based on a model of the DC motor and consists of the motor model, which combines the actuator and generator, the engine model, which computes the state changes in the cylinder, and the charge/discharge model, which computes the energy charge and discharge. The ICELG’s feasibility is evaluated by determining the energy losses and charge in the respective models. It is possible to extract a greater amount of energy in the combustion stroke by lengthening the stroke. Losses can be reduced during the intake and exhaust strokes by operating at low speed in order to prevent drastic pressure changes in the cylinder. During the compression stroke, the inertial energy is stored when the pressure in the cylinder is still low, and then subsequently released as inertial force beyond the position from which it can complete the combustion stroke, as a result of which the motor resistance loss is reduced. It was found that the ICELG achieves higher efficiency than conventional generator engines when operated in this manner.
KAROTENOID PADA ALGAE: KAJIAN TENTANG BIOSINTESIS, DISTRIBUSI SERTA FUNGSI KAROTENOID
Authors: Merdekawati Windu , Karwur Ferry F. , Susanto A. B.
Published: February 2018

ABSTRAK

 

Karotenoid terdistribusi pada archaea, bakteri, jamur, tumbuhan, hewan serta algae. Karotenoid dihasilkan dari komponen isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) yang mengalami proses secara bertahap untuk membentuk beragam jenis karotenoid. Terdapat dua kelompok karotenoid yaitu karoten dan xantofil dengan berbagai jenis turunannya. Struktur kimia pada karotenoid algae yaitu allene, acetylene serta acetylated carotenoids. Algae mempunyai karotenoid spesifik yang menarik untuk dipelajari. Setiap kelas algae mempunyai komposisi karotenoid yang berbeda. Untuk memahami tentang karotenoid algae perlu diketahui jalur biosintesisnya serta enzim yang berperan di dalamnya. Karotenoid terdistribusi pada membran tilakoid sesuai dengan fungsinya dalam fotosintesis.

 

Kata kunci: algae, karotenoid, biosintesis, fukoxantin, LHC, fotosintesis
The development of small business as a source of formation of local budget revenues in Ukraine
Authors: Hryhorash Olha , Korneyev Maxim , Leheza Yevgeny , Zolotukhina Liliya , Hryhorash Tetiana
Published: February 2018

The timeliness of the research is conditioned by the need to analyze the development of small business as an indicator of the development of the middle class, which characterizes the socio-economic level of the country in general and contributes to strengthening its financial situation. The article contains the analysis of the small business development and its influence on the formation of local budget revenues in Ukraine. Based on the correlation and regression analysis, the statistical series of the sales volume of small business was aligned, taking into account changes in the legislation for the criteria for the small business definition in 2008 and in 2012. The correlation between the sales volume of the small business and the local budget revenues of Ukraine is analyzed. In order to evaluate the certainty of the small business development trends and its impact on local budget revenues, the same analysis was done on the basis of the indicators calculated in the currency equivalent.
Feasible portfolios under tracking error, β, α and utility constraints
Authors: Daly Michael , Maxwell Michael , van Vuuren Gary
Published: February 2018

The investment nous of active managers is judged on their ability to outperform specified benchmarks while complying with strict constraints on, for example, tracking errors, β and Value at Risk. Tracking error constraints give rise to a tracking error frontier – an ellipse in risk/return space which encloses theoretically possible (but not necessarily efficient) portfolios. The β frontier is a parabola in risk/return space and defines the threshold of portfolios subject to a specified β requirement. An α - TE frontier is similarly shaped: portfolios on this frontier have a specified TE for a maximum TE. Utility and associated risk aversion have also been explored for constrained portfolios. This paper contributes by establishing the impossibility of satisfying more than two constraints simultaneously and explores the behavior of these constraints on the maximum risk-adjusted return portfolio (defined arbitrarily here as the optimal portfolio).
LANDASAN FILOSOFIS PEMIKIRAN TASAWUF ABDURRAUF SINGKEL TENTANG ALLAH, MANUSIA, DAN ALAM
Authors: Rivauzi Ahmad
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Abdurrauf Singkel (d. 1105 H / 1693 AD), was one of the great scholars of the 17th century and he was a key figure in the development of Islam, especially in the field of Sufism,it was as one of the forms of education in the aspect of mankind in the archipelago. Almost all of the Shaṭāriyyah lineage is centered on itself and through some of his students, this congregation is spread to various regions of the Malay-Nusantara world. Through the research with a hermeneutic approach to his works, this paper aims to reveal the philosophical foundation of the Abdurrauf Singkel thought about Sufism that puts the Quran and Ḥadith as the basis and normative source of it. The affirmation and reinforcement of tauhid, its reinter­pretation to the concept of waḥdāt al-wujūd which places man as the shadow of Allah, the concept of the creation of nature through the process of emanation and awakening the consciousness of servanthood through the effort of dying (ikhtiyari) by fana in zikrullah as the way of recognizing the nature of being and ma'rifatullāh, is the philosophical foundation of the Sufism thought which he developed in the Shaṭāriyyah.Abstrak: Abdurrauf Singkel (w. 1105 H/1693 M), adalah salah seorang ulama besar pada abad ke-17 dan merupakan tokoh kunci dalam perkembangan Islam terutama pada bidang tasawuf sebagai salah satu bentuk pendidikan pada aspek keruhanian di Nusantara. Hampir semua silsilah tarekat Shaṭāriyyah berpusat kepada dirinya dan melalui sejumlah muridnya, tarekat ini tersebar ke berbagai wilayah di dunia Melayu-Nusantara. Melalui penelitan dengan pendekatan hermeneutik terhadap karya-karyanya, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan landasan filosofis pemikiran tasawuf Abdurrauf  Singkel yang menempatkan al-Qur’an dan Hadis sebagai dasar dan sumber normatif dari pemikiran tasawuf­nya. Penelitian menemukan bahwa penegasan dan penguatan tauhid, re­inter­pretasi­nya terhadap konsep waḥdāt al-wujūd yang menempatkan manusia sebagai bayangan dari Allah, konsep penciptaan alam melalui proses pe­mancar­an (emanasi) serta membangun kesadaran kehambaan melalui upaya mati ikhtiyari dengan cara fana dalam dzikrullah sebagai  jalan untuk mengenali hakikat wujud dan ma’rifatullāh, merupakan pondasi filosofis dari bangunan pemikiran tasawuf yang dikembangkannya dalam tarekat Shaṭāriyyah.
KEPEMIMPINAN LAKI-LAKI DALAM KELUARGA: Implementasinya pada Masyarakat Jawa
Authors: Suhandjati Sri
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The interpretation of leadership in the family has an important role to construct Sakinah family. Because of difference interpretation effects to household violence. The difference is trough leadership criteria whether absolutely be every man or just for certain man who is able to fulfill the requirement as written in Q.S. al-Nisā’ [4]: 34. This writing has a purpose to discuss absolute leadership pattern and functional leadership and the effect to the family. The description of leadership that discussed in this writing is about Javanese culture that has centralistic leadership and demand absolute obedience. One of the effects of practices absolute leadership is household violence. Violence in a family as the most little unit of society will effect to the existence of form a group and have a nation. Furthermore, exegesis that has the perspective of equality gender by observing local culture must be developed, in order to be easy to be understood and to be carried out.Abstrak: Pemahaman mengenai kepemimpinan laki laki dalam keluarga, berperan penting untuk membangun keluarga sakinah. Namun, terdapat perbedaan dalam menafsirkan kriteria kepemimpinan dalam keluarga. Apakah kepemimpinan bersifat mutlak bagi setiap laki-laki atau hanya untuk laki-laki tertentu yang dapat memenuhi syarat sebagaimana disebutkan dalam QS. al-Nisa’ [4]: 34. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas pemahaman tentang ayat yang terkait dengan kepemimpinan dalam keluarga dan implementasinya dalam kehidupan masyarakat Jawa. Pendekatan Antropologis digunakan untuk mendapatkan deskripsi mengenai tradisi kepemimpinan dalam keluarga di lingkungan masyarakat Jawa. Hasil temuan dari pembahasan ini adalah adanya pe­mahaman yang sentralistik terhadap ayat kepemimpinan dalam keluarga, sehingga berdampak pada terjadinya Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT). Apabila keluarga sebagai unit terkecil dari masyarakat mengalami kekerasan, tentu akan ber­pengaruh pada kehidupan bermasyarakat dan berbangsa. Oleh karenanya, perlu dikembangkan pemahaman yang berperspektif kesetaraan jender dengan memperhatikan kearifan lokal, agar mudah dipahami dan dilaksanakan.
A comparison between high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates and gauge measured data: case study of Gorganrood basin, Iran
Authors: Dezfooli Donya , Abdollahi Banafsheh , Hosseini-Moghari Seyed-Mohammad , Ebrahimi Kumars
Published: February 2018

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of the precipitation data gathered from satellites including PERSIANN, TRMM-3B42V7, TRMM-3B42RTV7, and CMORPH, over Gorganrood basin, Iran. The data collected from these satellites (2003–2007) were then compared with precipitation gauge observations at six stations, namely, Tamar, Ramiyan, Bahlakeh-Dashli, Sadegorgan, Fazel-Abad, and Ghaffar-Haji. To compare these two groups, mean absolute error (MAE), bias, root mean square error (RMSE), and Pearson correlation coefficient criteria were calculated on daily, monthly, and seasonal basis. Furthermore, probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and critical success index (CSI) were calculated for these datasets. Results indicate that, on a monthly scale, the highest correlation between observed and satellite-gathered data calculated is 0.404 for TRMM-3B42 at Bahlakeh-Dashli station. At a seasonal scale, the highest correlation is calculated for winter data and using PERSIANN data, while for the other seasons, TRMM-3B42 data showed the best correlation with observed data. The high values of RMSE and MAE for winter data showed that the satellites provided poor estimations at this season. The best and the worst values of RMSE for studied satellites belonged to Sadegorgan and Ramiyan stations, respectively. Furthermore, the PERSIANN gains a better CSI and POD while TRMM-3B42V7 showed a better FAR.
Surface runoff response to climate change based on artificial neural network (ANN) models: a case study with Zagunao catchment in Upper Minjiang River, Southwest China
Authors: Lin Yong , Wen Hui , Liu Shirong
Published: February 2018

Climate change and its hydrological consequences are of great concern for water resources managers in the context of global change. This is especially true for Upper Minjiang River (UMR) basin, where surface runoff was reported to decrease following forest harvesting, as this unusual forest–water relationship is perhaps attributed to climate change. To quantify the hydrological impacts of climate change and to better understand the forest–water relationship, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based precipitation–runoff model was applied to Zagunao catchment, one of the typical catchments in UMR basin, by a climate scenario-based simulation approach. Two variables, seasonality and CTsm (cumulative temperature for snow melting), were devised to reflect the different flow generation mechanisms of Zagunao catchment in different seasons (rainfall-induced versus snow melting-oriented). It was found that the ANN model simulated precipitation–runoff transformation very well (R2 = 0.962). Results showed runoff of Zagunao catchment would increase with the increase in precipitation as well as temperature and such a response was season dependent. Zagunao catchment was more sensitive to temperature rise in the non-growing season but more sensitive to precipitation change in the growing season. Snow melting-oriented runoff reduction due to climate change is perhaps responsible for the unusual forest–water relationship in UMR basin.
Evaluating the determinants of high-rise apartment water demand through integration of water consumption, land use and demographic data
Authors: Ghavidelfar Saeed , Shamseldin Asaad Y. , Melville Bruce W.
Published: February 2018

Over the past decades rapid population growth in urban areas has promoted the development of high-density housing such as high-rise apartments. In order to properly supply water to this growing sector, it is essential to understand the determinants of its water use. However, this task has largely remained unexplored through the empirical study of water demand mainly due to the scarcity of data in this sector. Using a rich source of GIS-based urban databases in Auckland, New Zealand, this study integrated apartment water consumption, property characteristics, weather, water pricing and census microdata to overcome this issue. This study also compared high-rise apartment water use and its determinants with low-rise apartments. Through applying panel data models, the study revealed that, similar to the low-rise apartments, household size is the most important determinant of high-rise apartment water use in Auckland, where other socioeconomic factors, building features, water pricing and weather variables were not significant determinants. The study also showed that the per capita water consumption in the high-rise apartments in Auckland was higher than in the low-rise apartments, challenging the assumption underlying contemporary urban policy that densifying the central city areas can offer significant savings in water use.
Water–energy nexus in Shaanxi province of China
Authors: Sun Yanzhi , Shen Lei , Zhong Shuai , Liu Litao , Wu Na
Published: February 2018

Synergistic effects between water and energy policies are still not fully considered in Shaanxi province of China. To address the challenges of water scarcity and growing energy demand, the water–energy nexus of Shaanxi is investigated in this paper by input–output analysis (IOA). The findings indicate that water and energy resources are interdependent on each other. It is observed that agricultural water use intensity is 0.28 m³ per USD and industrial water use intensity is at the lowest level of 0.013 m³. Therefore, there is a huge water saving potential in the agricultural sector. Owing to the high energy consumption in agricultural irrigation, reducing irrigation water is of benefit both for water saving and energy conservation in the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, the industrial sector accounts for 63.8% of total energy consumption in Shaanxi, and it is urgent to change the economic structure to service-based rather than agricultural or industrial activities. It is believed that integrated strategies and planning are more favored in the future in Shaanxi. Water use limitation, energy mix adjustment and pricing mechanisms should be involved in water and energy policy formulation. Remarkably, because of being low carbon and water saving, the natural gas industry will become increasingly promising in the following decades.
Attribute-based intervention development for increasing resilience of urban drainage systems
Authors: Sweetapple Chris , Fu Guangtao , Farmani Raziyeh , Meng Fanlin , Ward Sarah , Butler David
Published: February 2018

Resilience building commonly focuses on attributes such as redundancy. Whilst this may be effective in some cases, provision of specific attributes does not guarantee resilient performance and research is required to determine the suitability of such approaches. This study uses 250 combined sewer system virtual case studies to explore the effects of two attribute-based interventions (increasing distributed storage and reducing imperviousness) on performance-based resilience measures. These are found to provide improvement in performance under system failure in the majority of case studies, but it is also shown that attribute-based intervention development can result in reduced resilience.
Papel potencial do enfermeiro no enfrentamento do problema da tuberculose junto ao Agente Comunitário de Saúde no Programa de Controle da Tuberculose
Authors: Da Costa Alaine Maria , Rodrigues Gislane De Sousa , Dos Santos Tatiana Maria De Melo Guimarães
Published: February 2018

Resumo: Objetivou-se refletir e discutir sobre o papel potencial do enfermeiro no enfrentamento do problema da tuberculose junto ao Agente Comunitário de Saúde no Programa de Controle da Tuberculose. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, com desenho de estudo transversal. A amostra constituiu-se de 121 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) - zona urbana de Teresina. Evidenciou-se que 71,1% dos sujeitos admitiram procurar o enfermeiro da ESF em caso de dúvidas frente a casos suspeitos de tuberculose. Ao enfermeiro cabem intervenções pertinentes no controle da tuberculose tanto no âmbito político quanto operativo.Palavras-Chave: Enfermagem, Atenção Básica à Saúde, Tuberculose.The potential role of nurses in addressing the problem of tuberculosis with the Community Health Agent Program Control TuberculosisAbstract: The objective of this study was to reflect and discuss about the potential role of the nurses at the tuberculosis combat, helping the Community Health Agent at the Program of Tuberculosis Control. This is a descriptive study that uses a quantitative approach, with a cross-sectional study design. The group studied was formed of 121 Community Health Agents of The Family Health Strategy in the urban zone of Teresina. It was observed that 71.1% of the agents admitted to need help of a nurse when they have doubts related to suspected cases of tuberculosis. Relevant interventions in tuberculosis control are responsibility of the nurses at a political and an operational scope.Keywords: Nursing, Basic Attention Health, Tuberculosis.El papel potencial de las enfermeras para resolver el problema de la tuberculosis con el control de la Salud de la Comunidad del Agente de Program Tuberculosis.Resumen: Se objetivó con este estudio reflexionar y debatir sobre el papel potencial de los enfermeros en la lucha contra la tuberculosis, junto a los agentes comunitarios de salud en el Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis. Este es un estudio descriptivo que utiliza un abordaje cuantitativo, con un diseño de estudio transversal. El grupo estudiado poseía 121 ACS de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia - zona urbana de Teresina. Se observó que 71,1% de los agentes admiten buscar a un enfermero cuando existen dudas en relación a los casos sospechosos de tuberculosis. Al enfermero, caben las intervenciones pertinentes en el control de la tuberculosis tanto en el alcance político como operacionalPalabras Clave: Enfermería, Atención Básica a la Salud, Tuberculosis.
Perfil epidemiológico das gestantes com doença hipertensiva específica da gestação atendidas no serviço de referência municipal
Authors: Frigo Jucimar , Bringhenti Letícia Maria , Gollo Andrey A. R. , Ascari Rosana Amora , Kolhs Marta , Marin Sandra Mara
Published: February 2018

Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar as características epidemiológicas e condições sócio-demográficas que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gravidez (DHEG) em mulheres atendidas no serviço de referência municipal. Pesquisa quantitativa, documental e retrospectiva. Analisaram-se 06 prontuários no período de janeiro de 2010 a 2011, através da estatística descritiva. Resultados: a maior parte das mulheres eram provenientes da área urbana e apresentavam entre vinte e trinta anos; 100% apresentava o IMC acima do ideal máximo; 66,7% apresentou fator pessoal de risco para a doença. Considerações finais: se faz necessário desenvolver ações educativas para melhoria da qualidade na assistência pré-natal, reduzindo assim mortalidade materno-fetal.Palavras-chave: Enfermagem; Gravidez; Cuidado Pré-Natal; Hipertensão.Epidemiological Profile Of Pregnant Women With Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy Treated At Municipal Reference ServiceAbstrat: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and socio-demographic characteristics that contribute to the development of Specific Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy (HDP) in women treated at municipal reference service. Quantitative research, documentary and retrospective. We analyzed 06 medical records from January 2010 to 2011, using descriptive statistics. Results: Most women were from urban areas and had between twenty and thirty years, 100% had a BMI above the ideal maximum, 66.7% had a personal risk factor for the disease. Final thoughts: it is necessary to develop educational initiatives for quality improvement in prenatal care, reducing maternal and fetal mortality.Keywords: Nursing, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Hypertension.Perfil Epidemiológico De Las Mujeres Embarazadas Con Trastornos Hipertensivos Del Embarazo Atendidos En El Servicio De Referencia Municipal Resumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las características epidemiológicas y socio-demográficas que contribuyan al desarrollo de la enfermedad hipertensiva específica del embarazo (HDP) en las mujeres tratadas en el servicio de referencia municipal. La investigación cuantitativa, documental y retrospectivo. Se analizaron 06 historias clínicas entre enero de 2010 y 2011, utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La mayoría de las mujeres eran de zonas urbanas y tuvo entre los años veinte y treinta, el 100% tenía un IMC por encima del máximo ideal, el 66,7% tenían un factor de riesgo personal de contraer la enfermedad. Consideraciones finales: es necesario desarrollar iniciativas educativas para mejorar la calidad en la atención prenatal, la reducción de la mortalidad materna y fetal.Palabras clave: Enfermería, embarazo, cuidado prenatal, hipertensión.
Experiência do amamentar por mães privadas de liberdade: estudo exploratório descritivo
Authors: Ribeiro Samila Gomes , Lessa Paula Renata Amorim , Martins Marília Holanda , Nicolau Ana Izabel Oliveira , Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: February 2018

Resumo: Objetivou-se compreender as experiências vivenciadas por mães durante o aleitamento materno em situação de cárcere. Estudo exploratóriodescritivo com abordagem qualitativa realizado no Instituto Penal Feminino do Estado do Ceará. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no mês de setembro de 2009 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas individualizadas. A análise dos dados foi realizada segundo a análise de conteúdo. A atuação do enfermeiro nesse contexto específico é primordial, no sentido de promover a saúde integral da mãe e da criança, respeitando as particularidades que a situação de cárcere as expõe.Palavras-Chave: Enfermagem. Aleitamento materno. Mulheres. PrisõesExperience of breastfeeding by mothers deprived of liberty: a descriptive exploratory studyAbstract: Aimed to understand the experiences of mothers during the breastfeeding situation in prison. Descriptive exploratory study conducted with a qualitative approach in Female Criminal Institute of Ceará. Data collection occurred in September of 2009 through semistructured individual interviews. Data analysis was performed according to content analysis. Nursing actions in this specific context is paramount, in order to promote the overall health of mother and child, while respecting the specific situation that exposes them to prisonKeywords: Nursing. Breast Feeding. Women. Prisons.Experiencia de la lactancia materna por madres privadas de libertad: un estudio exploratorio descriptivoResumen: El objetivo fue conocer las experiencias de las madres durante la situación de la lactancia materna en la cárcel. Estudio exploratorio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado en el Instituto Penal de Mujeres del Estado de Ceará. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar en septiembre de 2009 a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales. El análisis de datos se realizó de acuerdo al análisis de contenido. Las acciones de los enfermeros en este contexto específico, es de suma importancia a fin de promover la salud de la madre y el niño, respetando la particular situación que los expone en la cárcel.Palabras Clave: Enfermería. Lactancia Materna. Mujeres. Prisiones.
Mapeamento de termos da prática de enfermagem no acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança
Authors: Dantas Ana Márcia Nóbrega , De Souza Gabriela Lisieux Lima , Da Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima
Published: February 2018

Resumo: Pesquisa documental, desenvolvida com os objetivos de identificar termos relevantes para a prática de enfermagem, no Manual do Ministério da Saúde, do crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança, e de realizar o mapeamento com os termos da CIPE®. Identificaram-se 576 termos, que foram submetidos ao processo de mapeamento cruzado, o que resultou em 187 termos constantes e 389 não constantes. Conclui-se que a identificação de termos constantes na CIPE® retrata a prática de enfermagem no crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança, da mesma forma que os que não constam no referido Manual refletem a necessidade de estudos para, posteriormente, incluí-los nessa terminologia.Palavras-chave: Saúde da criança; crescimento e desenvolvimento; prática de enfermagem.Mapping terms of nursing practice in the monitoring of growth and development of the childAbstract: Documentary research, developed with the goals of identifying terms relevant to nursing practice in the Ministry of Health Manual of growth and development of children, and to perform mapping with the terms of the ICNP®. We identified 576 terms, which were subjected to cross-mapping process, resulting in 187 and 389 constant terms not listed. We conclude that the identification of terms in the ICNP® depicts the practice of nursing in the growth and development of children in the same way that the terms not listed in the Manual reflects the need for inclusion of studies in this same terminology.Keywords: Child health; growth and development; nursing practice.Mapeamento de los términos de la práctica de enfermería en el seguimiento del crecimiento y desarrollo del niñoResumen: La investigación documental, desarrollado con los objetivos de la identificación de los términos relevantes para la práctica de enfermería en el Ministerio de Salud Manual de crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños, y para realizar la cartografía con los términos de la CIPE®. Se identificaron 576 términos, las que fueron sometidas a proceso transversal de asignación, resultando en 187 y 389 términos constantes no mencionados. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la identificación de los términos de la CIPE® representa la práctica de la enfermería en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños de la misma manera que los términos no figuran en el Manual refleja la necesidad de la inclusión de los estudios en esta misma terminología.Palabras clave: Salud infantil; crecimiento y desarrollo; práctica de la enfermería.
Antibacterial Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Challenges in Interpreting the Literature
Authors: Kadiyala Usha , Kotov Nicholas A. , VanEpps J. Scott
Published: February 2018

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs) are known to effectively inhibit the growth of a wide range of
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They have emerged as promising candidates to challenge the rising
global issue of antimicrobial resistance. However, a comprehensive understanding of their mechanism of action
and identifying the most promising NP materials for future clinical translation remain a major challenge due to
variations in NP preparation and testing methods. With various types of MO-NPs being rapidly developed, a
robust, standardized, in vitro assessment protocol for evaluating the antibacterial potency and efficiency of these
NPs is needed. Calculating the number of NPs that actively interact with each bacterial cell is critical for assessing
the dose response for toxicity. Here we discuss methods to evaluate MO-NPs antibacterial efficiency with
focus on issues related to NPs in these assays. We also highlight sources of experimental variability including NP
preparation, initial bacterial concentration, bacterial strains tested, culture microenvironment, and reported dose.
Antibacterial Coatings Based on Chitosan for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Vaz Juliana Miguel , Pezzoli Daniele , Chevallier Pascale , Campelo Clayton Souza , Candiani Gabriele , Mantovani Diego
Published: February 2018

The risk of bacterial colonization of abiotic surfaces of biomedical devices poses important challenges
for the pharmaceutical and biomaterials science fields. In this scenario, antibacterial coatings have been developed,
using a number of different molecules and materials. Among them, chitosan is a non-cytotoxic, biocompatible
biopolymer with an inherent antimicrobial activity that has been already used in a wide variety of
healthcare and industrial applications. Herein, chitosan-based antibacterial coatings are critically surveyed, with a
special emphasis on their production methods, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, along with their pros
and cons, and finally highlighting the key challenges to be faced and future perspectives in this field.
Impact of Pre-procedural Cerebrovascular Events on Clinical Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Wiktorowicz Agata , Kleczynski Pawel , Dziewierz Artur , Tokarek Tomasz , Sorysz Danuta , Bagienski Maciej , Rzeszutko Lukasz , Dudek Dariusz
Published: February 2018

Background:

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an increasingly common treatment of
symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). Thus, it is reasonable to carefully investigate the impact of individual
clinical factors on outcomes after TAVI.

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate the impact of the previous cerebro-vascular events (CVEs) on outcomes of
patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI.

Methods:

A total of 148 consecutive patients scheduled for TAVI were included and stratified as with and without
a history of CVEs (stroke or transient ischemic attack). Frailty features were also assessed. The primary endpoint
was a 12-month all-cause mortality.

Results:

Seventeen (11.5%) patients had a history of CVEs (the CVE group). At 30 days and 12 months, all-cause
mortality was higher in the CVE group [30-day: 5 (29.4%) vs. 7 (5.3%); p=0.005; 12-month: 9 (52.9%) vs. 13
(9.9%); p=0.001]. Similarly, at the longest available follow-up, mortality was higher in the CVE group [10
(58.8%) vs. 23 (17.6%); p=0.001]. Similar rates of other complications after TAVI were noted, apart from inhospital
acute kidney injury (AKI) grade 3 [3 (17.6%) vs. 5 (3.8%); p=0.049] and blood transfusions [9 (52.9%)
vs. 35 (26.7%); p=0.026]. Results of 5MWT and Katz index assessment indicated a greater level of frailty in the
CVE group. There were no differences in subsequent events including CVEs, bleeding, myocardial infarction,
and new-onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) at 12 months between the groups.

Conclusion:

We showed that a history of CVEs in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI is associated with a
higher long-term mortality.
The Discovery of Antibacterial Natural Compound Based on Peptide Deformylase
Authors: Liang Li , Zhou Qianqian , Hao Zhixiang , Wang Fanfan , Zhu Yasheng , Lin Qisi , Gao Jian
Published: February 2018

Background:

In recent years, Staphylococcus aureus have developed resistance to
medicines used for the treatment of human infections. Therefore, the search for antibacterial agents
of high potency against Staphylococcus aureus is of great concern. Peptide deformylase (PDF), a
metalloprotease catalyzing the removal of a formyl group from newly synthesized proteins, has been
considered to be an important antibacterial drug target.

Objective:

To discover novel antibacterial drugs based on Staphylococcus aureus peptide
deformylase.

Method:

PDF-based virtual screening of compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine
Database@Taiwan was performed by Sybyl X2.1 Surflex dock software. Compounds which possess
high docking score were used for the following antibacterial experiments to evaluate their
antibacterial activities. Kanamycin was also used in the antibacterial experiment as a control
substance in the assay. Furthermore, molecular docking studies was applied to elucidate binding
interaction between some compounds and PDF. In silico pharmacokinetic and toxicity prediction
was explored to explain the reasons why these compounds might stand good chance of providing
some pharmaceutical benefits.

Results:

Gentiopicroside, protosappanin B, dihydromyricetin and cryptochlorogenic acid with high
docking score were used for our subsequent antibacterial assays. The Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration (MIC) of kanamycin and gentiopicroside were 0.008 mg·mL-1 and 0.431 mg·mL-1,
respectively, other three compounds, protosappanin B, dihydromyricetin and cryptochlorogenic acid
have close MIC value of 0.50 mg·mL-1.

Conclusion:

Dihydromyricetin, with the MIC value of 0.50 mg·mL-1 and relatively high drug score
of 0.82, may serve as a novel antibacterial lead compound.
Comparative Genetic Variability in HIV-1 Subtype C vpu Gene in Early Age Groups of Infants
Authors: Sharma Uma , Gupta Poonam , Gupta Sunil , Venkatesh S. , Husain Mohammad
Published: February 2018

Objective:

Identifying the genetic variability in vertically transmitted viruses in early infancy is important to understand the disease progression. Being important in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis, vpu gene, isolated from young infants was investigated to understand the viral characteristics.

Method:

Blood samples were obtained from 80 HIV-1 positive infants, categorized in two age groups; acute (<6 months) and early (>6-18 months). A total of 77 PCR positive samples, amplified for vpu gene, were sequenced and analyzed.

Results:

73 isolates belonged to subtype C. Analysis of heterogeneity of amino acid sequences in infant groups showed that in the sequences of acute age group both insertions and deletions were present while in the early age group only deletions were present. In the acute age group, a deletion of 3 residues (RAE) in the first alfa helix in one sequence and insertions of 1-2 residues (DM, GH, G and H) in the second alfa helix in 4 sequences were observed. In the early age group, deletion of 2 residues (VN) in the cytoplasmic tail region in 2 sequences was observed. Length of the amino terminal was observed to be gradually increasing with the increasing age of the infants. Protein Variation Effect Analyzer software showed that deleterious mutations were more in the acute than the early age group. Entropy analysis revealed that heterogeneity of the residues was comparatively higher in the sequences of acute than the early age group.

Conclusion:

Mutations observed in the helixes may affect the conformation and lose the ability to degrade CD4 receptors. Heterogeneity was decreasing with the increasing ages of the infants, indicating positive selection for robust virion survival.
Investigating HIV-Human Interaction Networks to Unravel Pathogenic Mechanism for Drug Discovery: A Systems Biology Approach
Authors: Li Cheng-Wei , Chen Bor-Sen
Published: February 2018

Background: Two big issues in the study of pathogens are determining how pathogens infect hosts and how the host defends itself against infection. Therefore, investigating host-pathogen interactions is important for understanding pathogenicity and host defensive mechanisms and treating infections.

Methods: In this study, we used omics data, including time-course data from high-throughput sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and human microRNA (miRNA) and protein-protein interaction to construct an interspecies protein-protein and miRNA interaction (PPMI) network of human CD4+ T cells during HIV-1 infection through system modeling and identification.

Results: By applying a functional annotation tool to the identified PPMI network at each stage of HIV infection, we found that repressions of three miRNAs, miR-140-5p, miR-320a, and miR-941, are involved in the development of autoimmune disorders, tumor proliferation, and the pathogenesis of T cells at the reverse transcription stage. Repressions of miR-331-3p and miR-320a are involved in HIV-1 replication, replicative spread, anti-apoptosis, cell proliferation, and dysregulation of cell cycle control at the integration/replication stage. Repression of miR-341-5p is involved in carcinogenesis at the late stage of HIV-1 infection.

Conclusion: By investigating the common core proteins and changes in specific proteins in the PPMI network between the stages of HIV-1 infection, we obtained pathogenic insights into the functional core modules and identified potential drug combinations for treating patients with HIV-1 infection, including thalidomide, oxaprozin, and metformin, at the reverse transcription stage; quercetin, nifedipine, and fenbendazole, at the integration/replication stage; and staurosporine, quercetin, prednisolone, and flufenamic acid, at the late stage.
Combined Effects of Salt-related Variables on Qualitative Characteristics of Probiotic Fermented Milk
Authors: Arab Masoumeh , Sohrabvandi Sara , Khorshidian Nasim , Mortazavian Amir M.
Published: February 2018

Background: Doogh is a typical Iranian beverage based on fermented milk. The common
salt used for Doogh is NaCl. Addition of salt in Doogh can take place before or after fermentation.
The type of salt (NaCl or NaCl/KCl) and the sequence of salt addition in Doogh production can have
significant impacts on biochemical characteristics of this product.

Methods: Nine probiotic Doogh treatments containing two probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and
Bifidobacterium lactis BB at the level of 107 cfu.mL-1) along with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus
and Streptococcus thermophilus, different salt percentages (0.5 and/or 1% (w/w)) in two ratios
of NaCl/KCl (100:0 or 50:50) were prepared. Four samples were produced with the addition of salt
before fermentation and four samples after fermentation (after cooling to 5°C). Apparent viscosity,
phase separation, viability of probiotics and sensory properties of Doogh samples were studied during
21 days storage.

Results: The results showed that samples containing 1% (w/w) salt (NaCl or NaCl:KCl) had higher
phase separation than treatments with 0.5% (w/w). The partial substitution of NaCl with KCl had a
positive influence on the viability of probiotics. Treatments with 1% (w/w) NaCl:KCl and 0.5% (w/w)
NaCl:KCl added before fermentation showed the maximum viability of probiotics. Addition of salt
decreased the apparent viscosity of Doogh due to decreasing mean particle size of the dispersion system.
From sensory point of view, the treatment with 0.5% (w/w) NaCl and those with 0.5% (w/w)
NaCl:KCl before fermentation showed the highest acceptance.

Conclusion: A low-sodium Doogh with an acceptable probiotic viability was produced.