bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Papel de la educación en la primera infancia en una sociedad de cambio
Authors: Sánchez Morales Esther
Published: January 2021

El presente estudio de investigación pretende indagar en el problema actual en el que está in- mersa la sociedad en lo referente a cuestiones de educación. La sociedad en la que vivimos está sometida a una serie de cambios sociales, culturales, económicos y educativos que se ven afectados por la globalización. La educación busca inculcar normas y comportamientos que sirvan de herramientas para el desarrollo personal y social de las nuevas generaciones. A su vez el papel de los padres en el desarrollo de sus hijos y la manera de vincularse a ellos, hace de su labor algo esencial en la vida, pero el mundo laboral, la poca disponibilidad, la falta de herramientas para actuar en la educación de sus hijos, hace que el proceso sea más complejo, sobre- todo en la primera infancia. En este artículo se presenta la educación como valor fundamental en la sociedad y los cambios asociados al nacimiento de nuevas generaciones.
Caracterización de defectos óseos craneofaciales con software de reconstrucción tridimensional y tecnología CAD/CAM
Authors: Navarro León Diana Carolina , Meléndez Flórez Genny Liliana , López Gualdrón Clara Isabel
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Analizar y describir las características óseas en pacientes con defectos óseos cráneo-faciales complejos, utilizando un software de reconstrucción tridimensional. Determinar la utilidad y aplicabilidad en el planeamiento y tratamiento quirúrgico de los pacientes. Métodos: Se realizó muestreo poblacional de pacientes con defectos óseos cráneo-faciales complejos tomando datos de historia clínica y tomografías computarizadas, determinando las características físicas y densitométricas de los huesos y realizando el análisis diagnóstico y planeación de tratamiento. Se realizó recolección de datos y posterior análisis usando el software Stata 12.0, cuantitativo y cualitativo, demostrando significancia estadística con prueba de chi2. Resultados: Se recolectó información de 50 pacientes de los cuales el 70% correspondían a hombres, la edad promedio fue de 37 años, la causa más frecuente fue traumática secundaria a accidente de tránsito, el hueso comprometido en la mayoría de los pacientes fue la mandíbula y el tamaño del defecto llego a ser hasta de 234 mm. El análisis de los pacientes con software de reconstrucción tridimensional permitió crear un algoritmo de enfoque diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se muestran algunos casos. Conclusiones: La utilidad de la implementación de tecnología CAD/CAM en el manejo de reconstrucciones óseas cráneo-faciales está demostrada, representan un alto costo para el paciente y el sistema de salud. Es posible mediante la implementación de software gratuitos y el trabajo multidisciplinario con servicios como biomedicina, diseño industrial e ingenierías, aplicar esta tecnología en pacientes, aprovechando sus beneficios en la reconstrucción de defectos complejos así como disminuyendo sus costos
Высотно-ландшафтные мезозоны и экзодинамические явления в Воронежском модельном регионе
Authors: Fedotov Sergey V. , Shcherbinina Svetlana V.
Published: January 2021

Цель исследования – выявить приуроченность экзодинамических явлений в Воронежском модельном регионе к высотно-ландшафтным мезозонам равнин. Материалы и методы. Исходными материалами для аналитических обобщений послужили натурные наблюдения на полустационарных полигонах, расположенных в Воронежском Подонье, экспедиционные маршрутные наблюдения, а также материалы дешифрирования космоснимков. Результаты и обсуждение. Полевые материалы, материалы фондов сельскохозяйственных предприятий, полустационарные наблюдения и результаты дистанционного зондирования показывают, что экзодинамические явления в Воронежском модельном регионе очень тесно связаны с высотно-ландшафтной дифференциацией равнинного рельефа. Например, водная и ветровая эрозия распространена повсеместно по территории области. Но чаще всего отмечается в границах возвышенно-денудационной и вершинно-водораздельной мезозонах на Среднерусской и Калачской возвышенностях. На Окско-Донской равнине ветровая эрозия отмечается в местах высокой распашки земель на низменно-гидрогенной мезозоне в верховьях рек Плавица, Битюг, Малый Эртиль. Там, где на Среднерусской возвышенности получила распространение вершинно-водораздельная мезозона (200-250 метров) основные экзодинамические явления – водная эрозия и карстовая денудация. Заключение. Наши многочисленные исследования показывают, что в Воронежском модельном регионе встречается весь перечень экзодинамических явлений, известных в административных областях центра Русской равнины – овражная и водная эрозия, оползни, осыпи, обвалы, карстовая денудация, равнинные сели, камнепады.
География населения как направление специализации кафедры экономической и социальной географии Московского педагогического государственного университета
Authors: Gorokhov Stanislav A. , Dmitriev Ruslan V. , Agafoshin Maksim M.
Published: January 2021

Цель исследования – выявить особенности и установить тематическую последовательность экономико-географических исследований на кафедре экономической и социальной географии МПГУ. Основной метод исследования – исторический. Авторами собраны и проанализированы источники, содержащие сведения об основных направлениях научных исследований сотрудников и/ или выпускников кафедры. Обобщены аналитические и статистические материалы, позволяющее дополнить и расширить общую картину развития отечественной географии. Результаты исследования. В течение второй половины 1920-х и в 1930-е годы происходило зарождение географии населения в рамках районного направления отечественной экономической географии. В дальнейшем (1940-1960-е годы) кафедра стала ведущей в стране в области изучения географии населения СССР. Затем – в период с конца 1960-х годов и до начала XXI в. – основной акцент социогеографических исследований на кафедре постепенно переносился с СССР на зарубежные страны. В настоящее время кафедра – один из основных российский центров, ведущих исследовательскую деятельность в области этногеографии и географии религий. Выводы. Несмотря на тот факт, что за всю историю кафедры 1/3 защищенных ее аспирантами диссертаций приходится на географию населения, а 2/3 – на географию хозяйства. Именно география населения в настоящее время представляет собой основное направление специализации – ее «лицо» в отечественной общественной географии.
День памяти 6. Игорь Сергеевич Шевцов
Authors: Zarytovskaya Aleksandra I. , Derevyagina Maria V.
Published: January 2021

Цель – представить основные этапы жизни и деятельности выпускника географического факультета, кандидата географических наук, доцента кафедры социально-экономической географии и регионоведения ВГУ И. С. Шевцова.
WEATHERING THE STORM: VIET NAM’S LEGAL AND POLICY MEASURES IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
Authors:   Institute of State and Law, Viet Nam Academy of Social Sciences, Nguyen Duc Tien , Chu An Thanh T. ,   Institute of State and Law, Viet Nam Academy of Social Sciences. (Viet Nam)
Published: January 2021

The novel coronavirus has shaken the entire world to its roots. Yet, governments’ responses have taken many forms. Some countries were able to flatten the curve, while others struggled to pick up the pieces. This article provides governance implications drawn from Viet Nam’s COVID-19 experience. Accordingly, the country’s key features of its COVID-19 responses include resolute leadership, information transparency, central – local government coordination, public participation, and adequate preparedness. Besides, this article also highlights some of Viet Nam’s key legislative and policy initiatives in a bid to cautiously keep the pandemic under control and the economy rolling. By doing so, it makes a practical contribution to the discourse on public governance in the time of a public health emergency.
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIANCE AND RELATED TAXONOMY OF THE PLANUM TEMPORALE
Authors: Wong Bryan , Musiek Frank
Published: January 2021

Background

The planum temporale (PT) is well known for its classic “pie-shaped” morphology. The aim of this study is to create a taxonomy of PT morphological features to improve its sometimes difficult identification and differentiation from surrounding structures.

Material and methods

A total of 50 normal, high-resolution T1-weighted brain MRIs (100 hemispheres) were obtained from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) repository. Ages ranged from 18 to 57 years.

Methods

A 3D cortical surface mesh (grey matter) was generated using neuroimaging software. The PT was isolated based on pre-defined criteria and stratified into different classifications. Quantitative measurements were also taken.

Results

A total of four PT configurations were identified: (1) Pie-shaped [45%], 508.8 mm2; (2) Trapezoid-shaped [27%], 540.4 mm2, (3) Rectangular-shaped [19%], 477.7 mm2; and (4) Amorphous/none [9%], not calculable. The trapezoid-shaped PT category occurred significantly more often in females.

Conclusions

The proposed classification is the first step in creating a comprehensive.
COCHLEAR INVOLVEMENT IN VITILIGO PATIENTS
Authors: Dabbous Abeir , Medhat Mariam , El-Mesidy Marwa
Published: January 2021

Background

Vitiligo is a common chronic disease of pigmentation, which may be accompanied by audiological abnormalities.

Material and methods

The aim of this study was to assess vitiligo patients in terms of hearing thresholds using conventional pure tone audiometry (0.25 to 8 kHz), high frequency pure tone audiometry (10 and 12.5 kHz), as well as Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs). We correlated the audiometric findings with vitiligo duration and severity. The study included 75 subjects with a mean age of 29.7 ± 8.6 years. There were 50 vitiligo patients and 25 age and gender matched healthy controls who had never had any audiological condition or exposed to excessive noise.

Results

Only 24% of vitiligo patients had high frequency sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) using conventional audiometry and the majority (76%) had bilaterally normal hearing. The majority (90%) of vitiligo patients had SNHL in extended high frequency audiometry. There was a statistically significant difference between the cases and controls regarding TEOAE SNR at 5 kHz, and nearly half of the normal hearers had an abnormal TEOAE. Vitiligo patients were found to have subclinical inner ear dysfunction compared with the controls. There was a statistically significant correlation between PTA and age of the patients but not with vitiligo duration or severity.

Conclusions

The audiometric findings of the vitiligo group and the statistically significant differences from the control group suggest a subclinical involvement of the cochlea, probably related to the vitiligo condition, but not affected by vitiligo duration or severity. We therefore recommend the use of extended high frequency audiometry and otoacoustic emission tests for early detection of inner ear involvement in vitiligo.
Гражданский активизм и публичная политика в России: состояние и вызовы
Authors: Никовская Лариса Игоревна
Published: January 2021

В статье анализируются особенности и факторы развития гражданского активизма, в публичной политике, связанные с нарастанием ее многообразия и перехода к проектно-сетевой формы презентации. Показано, что в условиях растущей сложности и многомерности трансформирующегося российского социума и формирующегося плюрализма социально-политических интересов растет запрос гражданского общества на состоятельность институтов публичной политики, к числу которых сегодня относятся также институты электронной демократии. Модальность этого запроса усиливается кризисным состоянием общественного развития. При доминировании административно-бюрократических подходов к выстраиванию публичной политики происходит фальсификация обратных связей, дисфункция публичной сферы в направлении усиления влияния корпоративно-бюрократических интересов по отношению к общественным, что неминуемо приводит к росту социальной напряженности и протестных настроений, снижению уровня доверия к деятельности государства и легитимности политической власти. Развитие институтов общественного участия, механизмов межсекторного социального партнерства и электронной демократии содействуют рационализации взаимодействия власти и общества, способствуют повышению эффективности социального представительства общественных интересов в условиях незавершенности процессов социально-политической трансформации, а также стимулирует реформу государственного управления в направлении усиления открытости и публичности, что позволяет более адекватно учитывать возрастающий плюрализм и подвижность социальных групп и их социально-культурных предпочтений.
Расширение радиусов доверительного отношения между обществом и государством как условие эффективности публичной политики
Authors: Радиков Иван Владимирович
Published: January 2021

В данной статье идет речь о том, что доверительное отношение между обществом и государством выступает фундаментальным условием эффективного политического управления и публичной политики. Вывод о необходимости расширения радиусов доверительного отношения между обществом и государством объясняется наступающей противоречивой эпохой коммуникационного изобилия, не только увеличивающей возможности доступа граждан к информации, но и ведущей к еще большему отчуждению многих людей от политики в силу невозможности справиться с всевозрастающей лавиной информации
Гражданин как субъект государственного управления: опыт государственной электоральной политики
Authors: Гришин Николай Владимирович
Published: January 2021

В статье отражены процессы наделения граждан возможностями индивидуального участия в системе публичного управления на примере государственной политики и управления в сфере избирательного процесса. Роль граждан как субъектов государственного управления изучена на основе теории “ New Public Governance ”. Рассмотрены феномен индивидуального наблюдения за выборами и индивидуального участия граждан в процессе делимитации избирательных округов. Охарактеризованы основные формы, перспективы и ограничения индивидуального влияния граждан в системе государственного управления.
Демократия одного «клика»: возможности и проблемы управления в цифровую эпоху
Authors: Глухова Александра Викторовна
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы и новые возможности для политического управления, связанные с современной «цифровой эпохой», новыми техническими возможностями, предоставляемыми гражданам Интернетом, возрастающей потребностью в расширении участия граждан в управлении и повышении транспарентности как инструмента контроля над деятельностью политиков и чиновников. Оцениваются возможности представительной и новые шансы прямой демократии («демократии одного клика»), доказана их взаимодополняемость в рамках модели «консультативной демократии». Рассмотрен удачный опыт взаимодействия низовых форм прямой демократии с центральными органами управления в ряде стран (Австрия, Исландия, Ирландия и др.)
Исследования виртуальных сообществ пользователей старшего возраста в социальных сетях
Authors: Видясова Людмила Александровна , Новиков Дмитрий Михайлович , Биккулов Александр Сергеевич
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматривает интернет-активность граждан старшего возраста в социальных сетях. Для проведения исследования были отобраны четыре сообщества в социальной сети ВКонтакте, посвященные тематикам, связанным с пожилыми и различными сферами их активности. В исследовании были применены инструменты автоматизированного анализа онлайн- сообществ, а также графические пакеты для визуализации графов связей сообществ и обмена информацией между их участниками. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты выявили активность пожилых и консолидацию пользователей на институционализированных электронных площадках.
Application of the Three-Parameter Differential Model of Turbulence for Solving Problems of Flow and Heat Transfer in Channels of Variable Cross-Section. Part 1
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of mechanics, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation, Lushchik V. G. , Makarova M. S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of mechanics, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation, Reshmin A. I. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of mechanics, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

A description of the method of numerical study in the approximation of a narrow channel of the problems of flow and heat transfer in flat and circular channels of variable cross-section using a differential three-parameter model of shear turbulence is presented. The main results of numerous studies using the proposed method are described, one of the goals of which was to substantiate the possibility of using the narrow channel approximation. This review study is carried out in two parts. In the first part the results of studies of mixed convection in vertical pipes under conditions of stable and unstable stratification, as well as flows in channels with permeable walls in the presence of blowing or suction on the wall, are presented.
Development of Protocol-Independent Modular Architecture for Three Axis Force Sensor Data Processing
Authors:   MSTU STANKIN, Moscow, 127055, Russian Federation, Trunin P. A. , Prokhorenko L. S. ,   MSTU STANKIN, Moscow, 127055, Russian Federation, Mishchenkov D. S. ,   MSTU STANKIN, Moscow, 127055, Russian Federation, Klimov D. D. ,   MSTU STANKIN, Moscow, 127055, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

The protocol-independent architecture for three axis force sensor data processing is considered. The force sensor is based on a MLX90393 triaxial magnetic sensor, capable of transmitting data via SPI protocol or I2C protocol, depending on the force sensor modification. The data generated by the MLX90393 requires additional processing before usage. To address this issue a software library is developed. Such a library shall provide means for protocol selection based on the force sensor modification. Three alternative architectural library implementations are consid­ered: the two independent program modules for both SPI and I2C protocol data transmission and processing, the two dependent program modules for SPI and I2C data transmission and one template-based module for the data processing, the two dependent program modules for SPI and I2C data transmission based on a single abstract class and the data processing module working with a pointer to the abstract class implementation. Three experimental library implementations are developed, nine experiments are performed with varying library usage setups, supplemented with one experiment with no data processing for the reference. Various criteria are considered, both quantitative and qualitative, including, but not limited to the compiled program size and the ease of library integration. The experimental results are analysed with the help of stated criteria, conclusions and practical recommendations are made.
Iterative Scheme for Object Detection in Crowded Environments
Authors:   Samsung AI Center Moscow, Moscow, 127018, Russian Federation, Rukhovich D. D.
Published: January 2021

Deep learning-based detectors usually produce a redundant set of object bounding boxes including many duplicate detections of the same object. These boxes are then filtered using non-maximum suppression (NMS) in order to select exactly one bounding box per object of interest. This greedy scheme is simple and provides sufficient accuracy for isolated objects but often fails in crowded environments, since one needs to both preserve boxes for different objects and suppress duplicate detections. In this work we develop an alternative iterative scheme, where a new subset of objects is detected at each iteration. Detected boxes from the previous iterations are passed to the network at the following iterations to ensure that the same object would not be detected twice. This iterative scheme can be applied to both one-stage and two-stage object detectors with just minor modifications of the training and inference proce­dures. We perform extensive experiments with two different baseline detectors on four datasets and show significant improvement over the baseline, leading to state-of-the-art performance on CrowdHuman and WiderPerson datasets.
Entre a vida e a morte: Normatividades, negociações e violência em uma favela de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Beraldo Ana
Published: January 2021

Trato neste artigo de processos sociais que envolvem moralidades, normatividades, violências, vida e morte. Argumento, baseando-me em uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada em uma favela de Belo Horizonte, que é a triangulação entre três regimes normativos primordiais — o do “mundo do crime”, o do estado, e o da Igreja — que vai confeccionar o que a teórica Judith Butler chama de enquadramento, ou seja, a moldura que separa quem fica do lado de dentro e quem fica do lado de fora do que é inteligível. Concluo que, por se tratar de um território marcado por violências, é essa triangulação que vai separar quem é “humano” de quem é “matável”.
Alcance e limites do ativismo do Ministério Público como fiscal da educação
Authors: Grangeia Mario Luis , Carvalhaes Flavio , Coelho Ruan
Published: January 2021

O Ministério Público (MP) é capaz de efetivar direitos como fiscal de governos sem o Judiciário? A questão se põe ao projeto MP pela Educação (MPEduc), criado para instar municípios e estados a adequarem escolas a exigências legais e fomentar a fiscalização por conselhos sociais. Para captar alcances e limites do ativismo do MP, combinamos a análise de banco de dados, entrevistas com envolvidos no projeto e análise documental. Detectamos que de 371 projetos locais, cerca de 40% fizeram até duas das sete fases previstas e 6,1% foram concluídos. Estudos de casos do MPEduc com menos e mais avanços formais (Vitória e Belford Roxo) indicam limites do ativismo do MP e efeitos das altas discricionariedade e autonomia dos membros, tão associadas à instituição.
Statistical Simulation of the Probability Distribution Kernel and Its Application to Solve the Quantile Optimization Problem with the Bilinear Loss Function
Authors: Ardabyevskiy P.A. , Gonchar D.A. , Kan Y.S.
Published: January 2021

The article considers a plane quantile optimization problem with a bilinear loss function, which, using suffi cient optimality conditions, is reduced to a linear programming problem. The reduction is based on the use of a polyhedral model of the kernel of the probability distribution of the vector of random parameters. To build this model, an algorithm based on the method of statistical modeling is proposed. A description of the software package for constructing a kernel model for a number of probability distributions of random parameters is given.
Features of spatial localization of dental plaque during orthodontic treatment on braces
Authors: Amkhadova Malkan A. , Zorina O. A. , Boriskina O. A. , Petrukhina N. B. , Nechaev A. A.
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the features of spatial localization of dental plaque in patients with braces, depending on the type of toothbrush used. We enrolled 63 patients from 11 to 18 years old, needing orthodontic treatment on a bracket system due to the tight position of the teeth in unilateral cleft palate and lip (Q37.1 according to ICD-10) after reconstructive surgery, in combination with mesial occlusion (K07.2 according to ICD-10).

Material and methods: We evenly divided all participants into three groups depending on the type of brush used. Group 1 (n = 21) patients used an orthodontic manual toothbrush (Professor persin, Spazzolificio Piave S. p.A, Italy). Group 2 (n = 22) patients used an ultrasonic toothbrush (Emmi-dent, EMAG AG, Germany) and group 3 (n = 20) used an electric toothbrush (Oral-B Pro-Expert, Procter Gamble, USA). To assess the level of hygiene and determine the spatial accumulation of plaque, we used the Silness Loe index in the modification of Williams P. et al. (1991) at various stages. These included one week after professional hygiene after fixing both arcs. Then, six, and twelve months of wearing them.

Material and methods: Group I contained the most pronounced deterioration in the hygienic state of the oral cavity during orthodontic treatment using a manual brush. Predominantly, the plaque accumulated in pricesavvy region. Uneven distribution of dental plaque relative to orthodontic techniques in group 1 was found in all quadrants of the upper and lower jaw.Conclusion: When assessing the spatial distribution of dental plaque relative to the bracket systems, it was possible to identify an additional advantage of using an ultrasonic brush. In comparison with an electric brush, we observed slight expressions in plaque accumulation on the four surfaces of the tooth., In the posterior area, plaque accumulated without pronounced deviations from the other areas of the tooth.
Application of the complex algorithm for rehabilitation of patients needing a full reconstruction of dentition (clinical case)
Authors: Dzalaeva Fatima K. , Chikunov S. O. , Utyuzh A. S. , Dzhagaeva Z. K. , Yumashev A. V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Aim of the study is testing the algorithm of complex clinical, functional and instrumental analysis in the treatment of patients with the need for total restoration of the dentition with manifestations of myofascial pain syndrome.

Material and methods. A system for the rehabilitation of patients with adentia is proposed, in which, when planning occlusion correction, objective examination data for patients obtained using a set of diagnostic methods should be taken into account. Particular attention is paid to assessing the function of the temporomandibular joint and the presence of pathological signs of disorders of maxillofacial muscles.

Results. A clinical case is described a patient who has been diagnosed with a set of indicators of clinical, functional and instrumental analysis obtained using methods of condylography and cephalometry. The results of treatment and rehabilitation measures allowed achieving the optimal distribution of loads on the dentition, while reducing the risk of ceramic chipping and improving oral hygiene. The approach used allowed timely correction of functional and aesthetic disorders.

Conclusions. The algorithm for working with patients who need total restoration of the dentition should include a thorough history taking, clinical functional analysis using condylography methods, model analysis to register and evaluate the static and dynamic ratios of the dentition. As well as performing cephalometric analysis and other manipulations, in accordance with standard criteria for clinical examination. The developed algorithm is anatomically and pathogenetically justified, since it takes into account the entirety of changes and interconnections of the structures of the dentofacial system and other body systems that underlie the clinical manifestations in this category of patients.
Correction of soft tissue defects in patients with oblique facial clefts
Authors: Mustafayeva Safiyat M. , Vissarionov V. A. , Mustafaev M. Sh.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the most commonly used methods of eliminating deformations and defects associated with congenital oblique facial clefts. It revealed the expediency of complex interaction of maxillofacial, plastic surgeons with ophthalmologists and otorhinolaryngologists in the process of complex treatment.
Assessment of the capabilities of orthopedic departments of medical organizations to implement modern technologies
Authors: Gvetadze R. S. , Butova Valentina G. , Timofeev D. E. , Andreeva S. N.
Published: January 2021

The study showed the presence of negative dynamics in the provision of the population with orthopedic dentists and dental technicians, as well as a decrease in the staffing of medical organizations with these specialists. The fact of exceeding the basic rate of loss of dental technicians over the same indicator for dentists-orthopedists by 2 times was established. Since the coefficient of concurrency among dentists-orthopedists and dental technicians is less than the average for the specialty, the possibility of increasing the availability of personnel by combining positions is revealed. The trends of decreasing interest of specialists in obtaining qualification categories are noted. According to the survey of 305 specialists, a model of the most probable structural profile of a dentist-orthopedist was created and the characteristic features of the learning processes and practical use of knowledge on the main new technologies in orthopedic dentistry were determined. There are limited opportunities to improve the availability and quality of dental orthopedic care and the introduction of new prosthetics technologies as indicated by the data obtained in the course of the study.
The main reasons for applying to the courts of patients who received orthodontic care in Saint Petersburg (retrospective analysis)
Authors: Tkachenko T. B. , Garipova Yulia D
Published: January 2021

This article presents a retrospective analysis regarding the reasons for patients to undergo a forensic examination, while receiving orthodontic treatment in Saint Petersburg. The number of forensic examinations in orthodontics among all the dental complaints over the past decade has been determined, and the structure of these complaints and the conclusions of the expert commission have also been studied.
Is temporomandibular disfunction an occupational disease of flautists?
Authors: Parunov V. A. , Fedotova Tatiana M. , Lebedenko I. Y.
Published: January 2021

Wind instrumentalists are prone to a number of occupational hazards that can lead to occupational diseases. C. Zaza defined these diseases as playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD). Such occupational diseases are devastating for musicians in terms of psychological health and financial state.

According to various epidemiological studies, 6286% of orchestra musicians experienced PRMD. Particularly the pressure of the mouthpiece on the lower incisors of wind instrumentalists leads to their movement and provoke periodontal diseases. Moreover, wind instrumentalists place themselves at risk of allergies and galvanism. Musicians do not seek for dental help due to the fear of spoiled embouchure (habitual position of the cheeks, tongue, and lips while playing) in spite of the range of specific oral pathologies. Flautists are of particular interest to dental practitioners because they are subjected to several risk factors; in addition to the mouthpiece pressure, they often hold instruments in an asymmetric posture, and in constrained spaces, being surrounded by the other orchestra musicians.

To learn more about the occupational hazards of flautists, we searched for the relevant literature in the central research medical library and for articles in databases eLIBRARY, PubMed, and ResearchGate using the following keywords: wind instrumentalists, flute, temporomandibular disorders, and playing-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Some studies claim that the asymmetric posture of flautist, especially in cramped conditions, affects the musicians health and leads to PRMD. Nevertheless, this research topic has been neglected, and published studies lack a strong methodology, explaining why they fail to show a strong association between TMD and flute playing. Therefore, further research is needed.
Application of hirudotherapy in the complex treatment of periodontal diseases
Authors: Abdullayeva A. I. , Bozhedomov A. Y. , Pustovaya Elena P. , Slonova V. M. , Karnaeva A. S. , Kozhevnikova L. A.
Published: January 2021

This article reviews research data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and features of inflammatory periodontal diseases, the possibilities of using hirudotherapy to treat this group of diseases, and the mechanisms of action of this method. The literature search was conducted using the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, and Global Health. The mechanisms by which medical leeches influence the human body were analyzed.

It is known that the progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases depends on risk factors such as age, smoking, gender, socio-economic factors, and some systemic diseases. The main features of chronic and acute periodontitis are periodontal pockets accompanying the loss of bone mass and attachment of the tooth to the alveolar process, which occur unevenly throughout the dentition. The decisive factor in inflammatory periodontal diseases is the presence of microorganisms. Hirudotherapy is a treatment method using the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis. In their secretion, leeches have more than 20 bioactive molecules with various effects. Their therapeutic mechanisms include six subtypes: a decrease in the content of cellular elements and neutrophils in mixed saliva, normalization of the microflora of the periodontal pocket, and an increase in the number of lactobacilli. The treatment method using leeches leads to a decrease in the depth of the periodontal pockets, normalization of the periodontal index, and tooth mobility. Hirudotherapy leads to a noticeable improvement in the clinical condition of periodontal tissues, is convenient to perform, affordable, and can be recommended for use in the practice of periodontists.
APPLICATION OF JANUS-KINASE INHIBITORS IN THE TREATMENT OF ALOPECIA AREATA (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Lepekhova Anfisa A. , Chernyavskaya L. M
Published: January 2021

Based on the analysis of data from modern foreign sources current information about using of Janus-kinase inhibitors, in particular, tofacitinid and ruxolitinid, for the treatment of alopecia areata in adults and children, in the presence of a lesion of the scalp and other areas (eyebrows, eyelashes) is shown. The information about the mechanism of action of Janus-kinase inhibitors, the efficacy and safety of their use, possible methods of use, prospects for further research in the treatment of alopecia areata using targeted drugs is presented. The pathogenetic rationale for the possibility of using this group of drugs for treating immune-mediated diseases, for instance, alopecia areata is described.
TO THE QUESTION OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF T CELL SKIN LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Olisova Olga Yu. , Amshinskaya D. R , Anpilogova E. M
Published: January 2021

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a clinically and morphologically heterogeneous group of cutaneous malignant tumors, caused by monoclonal proliferation of lymphoid tissue cells in the skin. They are responsible for about 80% of all primary cutaneous lymphomas, while cutaneous lymphomas are responsible for 2% of all dermatological diseases. The incidence of CTCL is now increasing all over the world. For this reason, CTCL has to be diagnosed on the early stage to improve course of the disease. Mycosis fungoides, the most frequent CTCL variant, is usually diagnosed basing on clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings. However, it can imitate other chronic dermatoses, which makes it difficult to diagnose. The article presents a review of the current literature data on new diagnostic markers of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.
GOUGEROT-HAILEY-HAILEY’S FAMILIAL BENIGN CHRONIC PEMPHIGUS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Grabovskaya O. V , Teplyuk N. P , Kolesova Yuliya V.
Published: January 2021

The review of the literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment methods for chronic familial benign pemphigus Gougerot-Haley-Haley, as well as a clinical case of a patient with this disease with family history are presented. The manifestation of the disease occurred at the age of 24, after childbirth. Later there were numerous relapses. Remission was quickly achieved after treatment with antibiotics and oxygen-ozone therapy. In recent years, there has been an increase in the frequency of exacerbations of the disease, and a decrease in treatment effectiveness.
Multiple painful ulcerative-necrotic lesions in the lower extremities
Authors: Teplyuk N. P. , Grabovskaya O. V. , Kusraeva Diana T. , Varshavsky V. A.
Published: January 2021

Patient K., 44 years old, has been ill since November 2018, when for the first time, for no apparent reason, noted the appearance of a painful pustule in the anterior surface of the left leg. After spontaneous opening of the element, an ulcer was formed, characterized by rapid growth (in 14 days up to 8-9 cm in diameter). I turned to a dermatologist, after consultation, treatment was carried out (prednisolone 30 mg per day, antibacterial drugs, vascular therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) with a positive effect in the form of a gradual, complete scarring of the ulcer.
Efficacy of 1% clotrimazole cream versus 2% sertaconazole cream in the management of seborrheic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kothari R. , Sadoughifar R , Lotti Torello , Goldust Mohamad
Published: January 2021

Background: Antifungals are regarded as one of the first line agents in the management of seborrheic dermatitis (SD). However, the data on head to head comparison among various antifungal agents is deplete and is required to broaden the number of first line agents that can be used in SD treatment.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of 1% clotrimazole cream with 2% sertaconazole cream in the management of SD.

Methods: 60 patients of SD were included and divided into 2 groups. The first group (n = 30) received topical 2% sertoconazole cream for twice a day application for four weeks. The other group (n = 30) received 1% clotrimazole cream applied similarly for 4 weeks. The patients were assessed by an independent dermatologist for response or any side effects due to the medications used at 0 (baseline), 2 and 4 weeks. Subjective sebum production, Scalp and/or facial pruritus, scaling, erythema, SD severity index (SI), and patient satisfaction were used in the final efficacy outcome.

Results: Out of the total 60 patients, 65% (39/60) and 35% (21/60) were females and males respectively with age ranging from 658 years (mean age: 32.88 12.68 years). 45% (27/60) had generalized and 55% (33/60) had localized disease. The severity of SD changed from moderate to mild in many patients after 4 weeks in both the groups, however, the difference was statistically significant only in the sertaconazole group (p = 0.007). 90% (27/30) and 53.4% (16/30) patients had good level of satisfaction in the sertaconazole and clotrimazole group on 28TH day. The relation was statistically significant only in the seratconazole group (p = 0.006). Subjective sebum production, pruritus, scaling and erythema reduced in both the groups. The follow-up period of 1-month post completion of therapy didnt show any relapse in either of the groups.

Conclusion: Both topical 1% clotrimazole cream and topical 2% sertaconazole cream may be regarded as effective therapies in SD with topical 2% seratconazole cream performing better as compared to topical 1% clotrimazole cream in terms of patient efficacy and acceptability by the patients.
Statistics of melanoma in Russia and Europe
Authors: Erkenova Fatima D. , Puzin S. N.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the laws of the epidemic process of skin melanoma in Russia and European countries over the past half-century. Attention is given to the sharp increase in incidence worldwide, and, particularly in Russia. Increasing incidence occurs mainly due to the popularization of outdoor recreation, the fashion for intense tan and frequent tourist trips to mountainous regions and tropical countries. Early diagnosis and prevention are the main measures for reducing the growth of morbidity and mortality from skin melanoma.
Dr. М. Probst. Experimental investigations on the end of the loop, the hood tracks, the dorsal longitudinal bundle and the posterior commissure Arch. F. Psychiatry and Nervous Diseases, Vol. 33, Issue. 1, 1900
Authors: Troshin G.
Published: January 2021

The author dulit his work into 4 sections: T. About the end of the loop, II. On the running and ending of some tire systems (Haubenbndel), III. About fibers of the posterior longitudinal fascicle, IV. To learn about the posterior spike. The work was carried out on cats and dogs in the laboratory des Landes-Irren-Anstalt in Wien; the brains of the operated animals were processed by the Marchi method.
Karakteristik Kimiawi Tepung Ikan Molly, Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur 1821)
Authors: Hasnidar  , Tamsil Andi
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan gizi tepung ikan molly, P. latipinna (Lesueur 1821) sebagai bahan pakan ikan, udang dan ternak. Sampel ikan dibersihkan, dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari selama 12 jam, diblender menjadi tepung selanjutnya diuji proksimat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tepung ikan molly mengandung protein; lemak; serat kasar; abu, air secara berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 66,40%; 12,52%; 0,80%; 15,51% dan 3,70%; asam amino esensial yaitu: lisina 4,99%; leusina 4,27%; fenilalanina 2,64%; valina 2,63%; treonina 2,50%; dan histidina 1,49%. Asam lemak esensial terdiri dari kelompok asam lemak omega-3 yaitu: asam dekosakeksanoat (DHA) 0,09%; asam eikosapentanoat (EPA) 0,03% dan asam linolenat (HUFA) 0,21%. Kelompok asam lemak omega 6 terdiri atas asam linoleat (LA) 0,25% dan arakidonat (AA) 0,04%. Tepung ikan molly secara kuantitas dan kualitas sangat baik sebagai bahan pakan sumber protein, asam amino dan asam lemak esensial untuk pakan ikan, udang dan ternak.
Board Diversity and Its Effects on Firm Performance and Risk: A Study in Banking Firms
Authors: Innayah Maulida Nurul , Pratama Bima Cinintya
Published: January 2021

This study examines the effect of board diversity on firm performance and risk in banking firms. The data used in this study was obtained from Bloomberg and OSIRIS database and also firm’s annual reports during 2014-2018 and conducted on banking firms in Indonesia. The final sample used in this study consists of a total of 160 observations. This study uses panel data regression model analysis, ie. fixed effect regression and random effect regression. The results showed that woman director has a positive effect on performance. This results are consistent with resource dependence theory and human capital theory which states that a more diverse board will provide more valuable resources, which can result in better firm performance. The results also showed that woman director have a negative effect on risk because woman director can correct bias in important decisions. Otherwise, based on the research data, the small number of foreign directors make their existence have no effect on performance and risk.
The Gender Pay Gap in Brazil: It Starts with College Students' Choice of Major
Authors: Bustelo Monserrat , Duryea Suzanne , Piras Claudia , Sampaio Breno , Trevisan Giuseppe , Viollaz Mariana
Published: January 2021

We herein discuss how college major choice affects gender wage gaps by highlighting the role that STEM majors play in explaining the gender wage gap in a developing country. We focus on a Latin American country where a systematic analysis of the interaction between students choice of college major and the gender wage gap is currently lacking. We take advantage of a very unique dataset of college students from the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil, to decompose the raw gender gap in hourly wages into one component that can be explained by differences in endowments between men and women as well as a second or residual component that reflects gender differences in the prices of market skills. We implement the commonly applied decomposition approach at the wage distributions mean and a decomposition procedure that considers variations across the wage distribution. Our results reveal that the majors that women and men select explain 50% of the gender wage gap at the mean, and STEM majors contribute to 30% of this difference. When examining different percentiles of the wage distribution, we find that the selection of a major is more important at the middle of the distribution than at the bottom or top.
Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi Kullanımının Sürdürülebilir Yeşil Bina Projeleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: GURGUN Asli Pelin , KOC Kerim , ATABAY Şenay
Published: January 2021

Doğal kaynakların hızla tükenişi ve kontrolsüz artan nüfus gibi sebepler her alanda olduğu gibi, inşaat sektöründe de sürdürülebilirliği zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi (YBM) uygulamaları bu amaca ulaşabilmek için, inşaat sektöründe son yıllarda önemli bir araç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada iki ana bölümde YBM kullanımının sürdürülebilir yeşil bina projelerindeki avantajları incelenmiştir. İlk bölümde YBM kullanımının avantajları etkili oldukları proje aşamalarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise, bu aşamalarda YBM’nin inşaat projelerinin maliyet, süre, kapsam ve kalite kısıtlarına sağladığı katkılar irdelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, farklı disiplinler arası birlikte çalışabilirlik en önemli avantaj olarak saptanmış, bu avantajlarının proje aşamaları özelinde değişiklik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Influence of Gravity Framing on the Collapse Probability of Steel Buildings with Special Moment Frames
Authors: KARASU Adem , VATANSEVER Cüneyt
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the influence of gravity framing on the collapse risk of steel frame buildings with perimeter special moment frames (SMFs) designed in Turkey. For this, four- and eight-story buildings have been designed considering the related current specifications and codes. Header end-plate connections are used for the beam-to-column joints of the gravity frame system. A nonlinear analytical model that simulates the hysteretic behavior of header end-plate connections is calibrated with past experimental data. Nonlinear static pushover analysis (NSPA) and nonlinear response history analyses (NRHAs) were implemented for both four-story and eight-story SMFs with and without the gravity framing to quantify their collapse performance and monitor the system-level seismic response of the building through collapse. The advantage of presence of the gravity framing is investigated and differences in structural responses between the models are also examined. When the models were excited by different ground motions, median responses of the detailed models showed an increase in lateral force carrying capacity and a decrease in first-story drift demand, compared to the nonlinear static pushover analyses results. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that gravity frames in a structure profoundly decrease the possibility of collapse.