bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining Social Business Process Management
Authors: Vugec Dalia Suša
Published: October 2018

Business process management (BPM) is a holistic discipline which is focused on improving organizational performance by managing the business processes of the organization. In recent decades, it has been widely accepted and implemented across many different organizations with some success. However, there were some issues regarding the traditional approach to BPM, like the reality-model divide, etc. As a response, a new discipline, called social BPM has emerged which is based on the principles of social software. For the purpose of this article, a Delphi study has been conducted with the aim of defining the social BPM as well as to identify its main characteristics. The results are presented in this article, proposing a single definition of social BPM and the list of its characteristics.
Mobile Applications in Higher Education
Authors: Khoo Benjamin KS
Published: October 2018

In a previous study, a practicum-based approach to bridge the gap between industry expectations and Information Systems (IS) graduates' skills was discussed from the students' point of view. The practicum project was initiated to enable students to experience real work in the IS domain in accordance with their professional aspirations and their desired specialty. To complete the whole picture, in this article, we present the employers' point of view as regards to the benefits the students gained from the project and compare between the two points of view. Semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews with employers who participated in the project in the last four years were conducted in order to reveal their perceptions. Many similarities exist between the employers' and the students' perceptions but also some differences stemming from different perspectives on the process were found. The employers' perspectives were discussed and also the differences between the students'; and the employers'; perceptions.
A Generic Data Mining Model for Software Cost Estimation Based on Novel Input Selection Procedure
Authors: Wani Zahid Hussain , Giri Kaiser J. , Bashir Rumaan
Published: October 2018

It is always preferable for any estimation model to be inclusive as accuracy in estimation models inherently lie with their inclusiveness. Software cost estimation is the prediction of development effort and time required to develop a software project and being predictive in nature, it demands for inclusiveness, which will accordingly bring the accuracy in it. In this study, a generic model for software cost estimation using an input selection procedure is proposed. The proposed model brings inclusiveness into the already available data mining techniques of software cost estimation by sensitively choosing a subset of highly relevant project attributes and ignoring the less relevant ones. In this article, a diverse set of data mining techniques for software cost estimation are considered. All these techniques are experimented on five data sets before and after passed through the proposed procedure. The obtained results showed that newly generated techniques after being passed through the proposed procedure offer accurate results up in the way of efficiency in software cost estimation.
DE-ForABSA
Authors: Gupta Charu , Jain Amita , Joshi Nisheeth
Published: October 2018

Today, amongst the various forms of online data, user reviews are very useful in understanding the user's attitude, emotion and sentiment towards a product. In this article, a novel method, named as DE-ForABSA is proposed to forecast automobiles sales based on aspect based sentiment analysis (ABSA) and ClusFuDE [8] (a hybrid forecasting model). DE-ForABSA consists of two phases – first, extracted user reviews of an automobile are analysed using ABSA. In ABSA, the reviews are pre-processed; aspects are extracted & aggregated to determine the polarity score of reviews. Second, uses of ClusFuDE consisting of clustering, fuzzy logical relationships and Differential Evolution (DE) to predict the sales of the automobile. DE is a population-based search method to optimize real values under the control of two operators: mutation & crossover. Score from phase 1 is a parameter in differential mutation in phase 2. The proposed method is tested on reviews & sales data of automobile. The empirical results show a Mean Square Error of 142.90 which indicates an effective consistency of the model
Dependency Graph Based Detection of Semantically Equivalent Questions in Online Forums
Authors: Kaur Parmeet , Gulati Shrutika
Published: October 2018

In the present, people increasingly rely on online user forums for clearing their doubts and seeking answers to varied questions. On many online forums, users encounter a similar question asked in different formats. This results in confusion for the user and he may not be able to find appropriate answer to his question even though the appropriate answer exists on some other page, i.e., on the page resultant of a differently formed question. Currently, online forums like Quora only give suggestions to the user about the questions he could ask but do not show all the semantically equivalent questions. This article eases the work of the users searching for answers on online user forums. The proposed technique will allow the users to look at all the existing semantically equivalent questions. A dependency graph-based matching algorithm is applied to accomplish this objective.
A Hybrid Pre-Post Constraint-Based Framework for Discovering Multi-Dimensional Association Rules Using Ontologies
Authors: Alsukhni Emad , AlEroud Ahmed , Saifan Ahmad A.
Published: October 2018

Association rule mining is a very useful knowledge discovery technique to identify co-occurrence patterns in transactional data sets. In this article, the authors proposed an ontology-based framework to discover multi-dimensional association rules at different levels of a given ontology on user defined pre-processing constraints which may be identified using, 1) a hierarchy discovered in datasets; 2) the dimensions of those datasets; or 3) the features of each dimension. The proposed framework has post-processing constraints to drill down or roll up based on the rule level, making it possible to check the validity of the discovered rules in terms of support and confidence rule validity measures without re-applying association rule mining algorithms. The authors conducted several preliminary experiments to test the framework using the Titanic dataset by identifying the association rules after pre- and post-constraints are applied. The results have shown that the framework can be practically applied for rule pruning and discovering novel association rules.
Modifications Required for Palm Oil to be Qualified as a Mechanical Lubricant
Authors: Yahayaa Muhammad Sharil , Raof Nurliyana Abdul , Ibrahim Zulkifli , Ahmad Azniza , Gomes Chandima
Published: October 2018

Adaptation of apt chemical modifications and incorporation of suitable additives, especially, nano-additives, could improve the properties of bio-lubricants derived from palm oil. This makes it one of the best alternatives to mineral oil lubricants. Possible chemical modifications are hydrogenation, esterification/ transesterification, epoxidation and metathesis. Feasible additives and nano-additives available in the market for minimizing the drawbacks of palm oil as a lubricant are ionic liquids, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, metal, metal oxides, metal sulphides, carbonates, borates, carbon materials, organic materials, hexagonal boron nitride, alumina, CaO, CuO, ZnO, TiO2 and lanthanum borates. Few of them may not be environmental friendly. In line with market potentials and demand, it could be predicted that ROI of funding for the research and development of palm oil as a bio-lubricant may be significantly high. The study addresses tribological performance and properties, chemical modifications and formulation with additives of palm oil as a bio-lubricant.
Generation of Patterns From Concentric Ring Arrays With Dipoles and Waveguides
Authors: Naik Ketavath Kumar
Published: October 2018

Radiation patterns are produced from concentric ring arrays by using practical elements, such as dipoles and waveguides which is presented in this article. Ring arrays, which produces high sidelobes, create electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems. To overcome this problem, analysis and synthesis is carried out and generates the directional patterns of concentric ring arrays using practical radiators. The directivity is observed for concentric dipole ring arrays and concentric waveguide ring arrays is 72.21 dB. The comparative data is presented in the result.
Design of S-Band Antenna With L-Shaped Slits on Rectangular Patch With Defected Ground Structure
Authors: Naik Ketavath Kumar , Palla Ravi Kumar , Rani Sriram Sandhya , Gopi Dattatreya
Published: October 2018

Monopole L-shaped slits are embedded on rectangular patch antenna is designed for S-band applications. The proposed antenna is a square patch radiator with four L-shaped slits are presented. The proposed antenna radiates at 3GHz resonance frequency with bandwidth of 1.9GHz and -26.4dB return loss. The impedance bandwidth is enhanced 62.7% with proposed antenna model. The proposed L-shaped slit patch antenna is small in size and compact. The radiation pattern is presented in the results and it works at S-band applications.
Optimized Test Case Generation for Object Oriented Systems Using Weka Open Source Software
Authors: Singh Rajvir , Singhrova Anita , Bhatia Rajesh
Published: October 2018

Detection of fault proneness classes helps software testers to generate effective class level test cases. In this article, a novel technique is presented for an optimized test case generation for ant-1.7 open source software. Class level object oriented (OO) metrics are considered as effective means to find fault proneness classes. The open source software ant-1.7 is considered for the evaluation of proposed techniques as a case study. The proposed mathematical model is the first of its kind generated using Weka open source software to select effective OO metrics. Effective and ineffective OO metrics are identified using feature selection techniques for generating test cases to cover fault proneness classes. In this methodology, only effective metrics are considered for assigning weights to test paths. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is effective and efficient as the average fault exposition potential of generated test cases is 90.16% and test cases execution time saving is 45.11%.
Analysis of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) Product in Web Based Client-Server Architecture
Authors: Singh Pushpa , Singh Narendra
Published: October 2018

Free and open source software (FOSS) differs from proprietary software. FOSS facilitates the design of various applications per the user's requirement. Web applications are not exceptional in this way. Web-based applications are mostly based on client server architecture. This article is an analytical study of FOSS products used in web-based client server architecture. This article will provide information about FOSS product such as FireFox (web browser), Apache (web server) and MySQL (RDBMS). These reveal that various FOSS products such as Apache server covers 65% of the market share, while MySQL covers 58.7% market share and hold the top-most rank.
Minimization of Energy in Smart Phone Application Development Using Code Analysis
Authors: Srinivasa K. G. , Hiriyannaiah Srinidhi , Siddesh G. M.
Published: October 2018

Mobile applications are popularly known as apps. Energy and battery-life are critical factors that enable the development and sustainability of apps on mobile devices. Application software developers need to consider the minimization of energy consumption along with the development and deployment of applications. Intelligent software engineering practices and tools are needed in order to assist developers in energy management of Android application development. This article proposes a rule-engine driven framework for estimating the energy consumption of an Android application by using program analysis of the source code. The basis of this framework is to provide the developer with a notion of which part of the application source code consumes considerable energy, and what alternatives could be used to replace it without changing its core functionality. It presents metrics at the overall, event and source code level, allowing application developers to optimize their applications early in the software development cycle.
Toward a Statistical Characterization of Computer Daihinmin
Authors: Okubo Seiya , Kado Yuta , Takeuchi Yamato , Wakatsuki Mitsuo , Nishino Tetsuro
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to clarify the fundamentals of the card game Daihinmin. By collecting logs of Daihinmin games on a large scale and analyzing them, the authors illuminate the game's characteristics. They discuss the content required from the game to this end and examine the types of logs that must be collected. They then report on the collection of various logs and the calculation of certain features to characterize Daihinmin. Furthermore, the authors investigate the relationship between the initial hands and rankings of players, as well as the influence of the exchange rule, through a computer experiment.
Label Propagation Algorithm for the Slices Detection of a Ground-Glass Opacity Nodule
Authors: Du Weiwei , Yuan Dandan , Wang Jianming , Duan Xiaojie , Ma Yanhe , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2018

A radiologist must read hundreds of slices to recognize a malignant or benign lung tumor in computed tomography (CT) volume data. To reduce the burden of the radiologist, some proposals have been applied with the ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules. However, the GGO nodules need be detected and labeled by a radiologist manually. Some slices with the GGO nodule can be missed because there are many slices in several volume data. Although some papers have proposed a semi-supervised learning method to find the slices with GGO nodules, the was no discussion on the impact of parameters in the proposed semi-supervised learning. This article also explains and analyzes the label propagation algorithm which is one of the semi-supervised learning methods to detect the slices including the GGO nodules based on the parameters. Experimental results show that the proposal can detect the slices including the GGO nodules effectively.
A Critical Review of EFL Teacher Supervision Models
Authors: Louber Ismael
Published: October 2018

Teacher supervision plays a significant role in teacher education in general and in professional development in particular. Whilst supervision occurs at several levels and in different contexts, it plays a particularly important role in pre-service teacher training. Nonetheless, it still retains an important place in in-service teacher education. This article critically reviews the main supervisory models and approaches with particular respect to language teacher education. For many English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers, the notion of supervision can be a source of concern; therefore, this paper attempts to shed light on the various approaches and theories that have shaped the field of teacher supervision in general education and in EFL in particular. Finally, the article offers additional insights to practitioners into a different perspective on supervision from a post-method outlook with the idea of epistemology of practice as a central notion.
Designing a Unit Assessment Using Constructive Alignment
Authors: Lawrence Japhet E.
Published: October 2018

Constructive alignment is an outcomes-based approach for teaching, in which the learning outcomes that students are intended to achieve are defined before teaching takes place. Teaching and assessment methods are then designed to best achieve those outcomes and to assess the standard at which they have achieved. It provides a framework for adjusting teaching and assessment to address the attainment of those outcomes and standards. Constructive alignment is effective in designing teaching and assessment that enable students to learn, rather than to leave them guessing as to what is involved in the course of study or on what they will be assessed. The paper highlights the importance of using constructive alignment to enhance the quality of teaching, learning, and assessment. It reports on a study that applied the principles of constructive alignment to promote good teaching and deep student learning. It discusses the application of constructive alignment to design assessment criteria and rubric for a curriculum unit.
Teaching Large Classes
Authors: Lawrence Japhet E.
Published: October 2018

Higher education around the world are experiencing significant growth in student enrolment, as a result, educators face the daunting challenge of teaching larger classes, while improving the quality of instruction and subsequent value delivered to students. Large class can become a daunting task to any teacher who has never taught a large class before and teaching a large group of students can be intimidating for both students and lecturers. The purpose of this article is to identify effective teaching and assessment strategies to address the challenges of teaching in large class environment. It focusses on the idea of student engagement as a strategy to address the challenges faced by large class learning environments. By focusing on student engagement and adapting teaching and assessment strategies to promote critical thinking, it is possible to overcome the challenges posed by large class environments into opportunities for effective student learning. The study provides valuable direction for faculty faced with teaching and supporting large-class environments in higher education.
Development of an Iceberg Impact Load Assessment Tool
Authors: Stuckey Paul , Huang Yujian , Fuglem Mark
Published: October 2018

Icebergs can pose risks to platforms in arctic and subarctic regions. These risks require careful consideration during design, and as well during operations. Platforms must be designed to withstand potential impacts from icebergs, or to disconnect and move offsite to avoid impacts. ISO 19906 allows use of ice management to mitigate iceberg and sea-ice actions. In the case of icebergs, management may include detection, monitoring, towing, disconnection and evacuation. Threat assessment is also a critical input to the iceberg management decision-making process. For example, given one or more detected icebergs and available information on the iceberg and environment characteristics, what is the probability of exceeding platform design ice actions? Based on the threat assessment, better decisions can be made regarding which iceberg to manage, whether more information should be acquired, and whether shut-down or evacuation is needed.

This paper describes a new tool developed to estimate the distribution of iceberg impact actions from an encroaching iceberg given concurrent metocean conditions, conditional on impact. The tool can be used in a number of ways depending on the information available to the user. It can be used to assess the threat from a single iceberg or can be used to compare actions from multiple icebergs in the region, or for the same iceberg but with changing weather conditions. The iceberg load assessment tool is demonstrated for several example cases on the Grand Banks, showing the benefit of improved iceberg characterization obtained through rapid iceberg profiling.
The Application of 4D Satellite Seafloor Morphology 4D-SSM for Determining Ownership of Oil and Gas Resources in Arctic Waters
Authors: Poll Robert van de
Published: October 2018

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) dictates under international law how all offshore maritime frontier waters are to be "divided up" in the world today.

All Law of the Sea (LOS) applications, begin with coastlines and/or their related coastal frontages. The United Nations (UN) lists 152 countries (conventional coastal states) as being applicable to the rules of procedures for LOS applications. Additionally, and more recently, we include three coastal countries (land-locked "sea/lake" states) in the Caspian Sea, as well as seven additional coastal (land-locked "lake") states, for the Great Lakes of Africa. Therefore, basic LOS mapping principles, that begins with coastlines and/or coastal frontages will impact 162 countries in the world today. The accuracies of present-day mapped features that are components of all coastal (and land-locked "sea/lake") states’ coastlines', will be used to produce various mathematical applications for the LOS.

The offshore Arctic maritime spaces (for five relevant littoral countries), is one of the more complex regions of the world, and, from a current LOS standpoint, basic summaries on the status of LOS and how it directly relates to the oil and gas industry will be reviewed.
Model Tests of the United States Coast Guard Heavy Polar Icebreaker Indicative Designs
Authors: Wang Jungyong , Akinturk Ayhan , Brown Jeffrey , Muselet Caroline , Millan James
Published: October 2018

This paper describes the results of model tests carried out in ice and open water conditions to evaluate performance of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) Heavy Polar Icebreaker (HPIB) indicative design. The resistance, propulsion and manoeuvring performance in ice conditions was evaluated at three different ice thicknesses (4, 6 and 8 ft.) with flexural strength 100 psi using two power setups, 36500 HP and 65000 HP. Calm water resistance and propulsion tests were also performed to evaluate open water performance. Models were constructed and tested corresponding to two indicative designs, one with triple shaft propulsion system and the other with one centre shaft and two wing podded propulsors. The present paper describes only the results for the model with triple shaft propulsion system.
Frontier Arctic Offshore Exploration Drilling Business Challenge
Authors: Winkler M. M.
Published: October 2018

The ‘Frontier Arctic’ offshore has been explored on and off since the 1970s, driven by oil price and areas open for leasing or licensing. While a widespread, future return is questionable, operators contemplating a return can benefit from past experience. Insight and perspective are provided on the technical and non-technical challenges and impact on the business challenge. Actions and opportunities to change the overall cost and non-technical business risk dynamic are discussed.

‘Frontier Arctic’ oil and gas resources have characteristics of 1) being located outboard of established offshore regions of oil and gas exploration and development, 2) having physical attributes of water depth and ice conditions that require the use of specialized equipment or measures to safely and cost effectively drill, and 3) having non-technical business risks with the potential for high business consequences. This loose definition includes much of the Alaskan Arctic, the Canadian Beaufort Sea, Greenland, the far northern Barents Sea, and much of the Russian shelf. The technical and non-technical issues associated with exploration drilling in these regions are well-established, but not necessarily well-integrated.

‘Frontier Arctic’ exploration drilling can be safely, responsibly, and reliably executed. The principal challenges are cost to address both routine operations and emergency response preparedness and and non-technical business risk. The required solutions to address these challenges and business risks lead to a layering of complexity and cost that increase exploration drilling costs multifold over competing oil and gas investment opportunities and require significant and sustained commitments of financial, organizational and people resources to achieve business success. Furthermore, ‘Frontier Arctic’ opportunities cannot be turned on at will and require significant planning and preparation and associated lead time.

Interest in ‘Frontier Arctic’ exploration may be rekindled in the future depending upon commodity prices; however, the ability to make material cost changes are limited due to the nature of the technical challenge; and the "Frontier Arctic’ will likely remain a target for environmental activism. Furthermore, exploration drilling would need to take place now or in the reasonably near future if ‘Frontier Arctic’ resources are to have a chance of contributing to a future oil or gas supply shortfall. Notwithstanding, Arctic offshore exploration can be expected to continue in regions where cost and business risk can be managed such as the southern Barents Sea and nearshore Alaska Beaufort Sea region.
Deep Recurrent Neural Network DRNN Model for Real-Time Multistage Pumping Data
Authors: Madasu Srinath , Rangarajan Keshava P.
Published: October 2018

A new real-time model was developed, based on a deep recurrent neural network (DRNN), to predict response variables, such as surface pressure response, during the hydraulic fracturing process. During the stimulation process stage, fluids are inserted at the top of the wellhead, and the flow is driven by the difference between the hydrostatic pressure and reservoir pressure. The major physics and engineering aspects in this process are very complex; quite often, the measured data includes a large amount of uncertainty related to the accuracy of the measured data, as well as intrinsic noise. Consequently, the best approach uses a machine learning-based technique that can resolve both temporal and spatial non-linear variations.

The approach followed in this paper provides a long short-term memory (LSTM) network-based method to predict surface pressure in a fracturing job, considering all commonly known surface variables. The surface pumping data consists of real-time data captured within each stage, including surface treating pressure, fluid pumping rate, and proppant rate. The prediction of a response variable, such as the surface pressure response, is important because it provides the basis for decisions made in several oil and gas applications to ensure success, including hydraulic fracturing and matrix acidizing.

Currently available modeling methods are limited in that the estimates are not high resolution and cannot address a high level of non-linearity in the treatment pressure time series relationship with other variables, such as flow rate and proppant rate. In addition, these methods cannot predict subsurface variable responses based only on surface variable measurements. The method described in this paper is extended to accommodate the prediction of diverter pressure response.

The model presented in this paper uses a deep learning neural network model to predict the surface pressure based on flow rate and proppant rate. This work represents the first attempt to predict (in real time) a response variable, such as surface pressure, during a pumping stage using a memory-preserving recurrent neural network (RNN) variant (for example, LSTM and gated recurrent unit (GRU)). The results show that the LSTM is capable of modeling the surface pressure in a hydraulic fracturing process well. The surface pressure predictions obtained were within 10% of the actual values. The current effort to model surface pressure can be used to simulate response variables in real time, providing engineers with an accurate representation of the conditions in the wellbore and in the reservoir. The current method can overcome the handling of complex physics to provide a reliable, stable, and accurate numerical solution throughout the pumping stages.
Integration of Multi-Mission Satellite Data, Weather and Ice Information for Arctic Operations
Authors: Kaljord Andreas Hay , Andersen Svein Inge
Published: October 2018

The benefits of using satellite imagery in arctic maritime operations are well known. Synthetic Aperture Radar and optical imagery from polar orbiting satellites can provide valuable information about sea ice and presence of icebergs both on a local and regional scale. The sea ice information extracted from satellite imagery is used together with weather data for vessel navigation in or near the ice or for increased safety and reduced risk during critical operations.

Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT) has ordering, downlink and processing capabilities for all the commercial and free SAR satellites in orbit today. SAR satellite imagery from these sources can, in addition to be used for detection and monitoring of sea ice, also be used for large scale environmental monitoring (oil spill detection) and increased maritime domain awareness (vessel detection). StormGeo is a leading weather risk provider for operations in Arctic, and has a strong focus on delivering weather decision support to marine operations.

For the end-user performing ice analysis, satellite imagery can be used in addition to information such as local weather forecasts and ice information extracted from external sources. For efficient ordering of satellite imagery in ice management operations, it is important that the end-user have access to satellite tasking information such as potential temporal and spatial coverage, tasking deadlines and order status. In addition, the end-user must be able to access the relevant data as fast as possible after satellite acquisition.

KSAT and StormGeo have in cooperation with Viking Supply Ships developed an end-to-end service integrating relevant ice-information and interfaces for satellite ordering, imagery access and weather information. The service is accessed through the StormGeo GUI, "Vortex," which serves as a robust and powerful tool for information access and ice management analysis.

The service development has been done in the MULDIARCOS (Multi-mission Data and Information Services for Arctic Operations) project, which has been partly funded by ESA under the Integrated Application Promotion program.
Study on Ice Abrasion Test Method of Coating Paint for Ice-Class Vessels
Authors: Cho Seong-Rak , Kim Cheol-Hee , Oh Eun-Jin , Lee Sungsu
Published: October 2018

This study describes the ice abrasion test method of commercial coatings for ice-class vessel. The tested specimens are composed of three different coatings: an ice protection coating (IPC), a medium bonding coating (MBC), and an anti-fouling coating (AFC). The abrasion event between ice and coatings was carried out at the ambient temperature of near 0°C, and the surface roughness, and frictional coefficient were measured before and after the abrasion test. In addition, the Ethylene glycol/ Aliphatic detergent (EG/AD) model ice is standard model ice in the KRISO ice model basin and its mechanical properties are similar with the properties of the EG/AD/S model ice was used in this study. The large friction measurement device we used in this study can move up to 2 m, and measures the friction force of the plate over the ice and makes ice abrasion event with model ice. The correlation between the roughness and the coefficient of friction was derived as ice abrasion event progresses. In case of the IPC, the surface roughness increases as the ice abrasion test increases, therefore, a frictional resistance is also bigger and bigger. However, the results for the MBC and the AFC are different because the surface roughnesses were not pretty much changed according to the ice abrasion and the frictional resistances are independent on the ice abrasion. This study can contribute to the development of ice abrasion test method.
Global Mooring Loads for Semi-Submersible Station Keeping in Pack Ice
Authors: Thijssen Jan , Fuglem Mark , Ralph Freeman
Published: October 2018

Approaches are presented in this paper for estimating the global mooring loads and response of a semi-submersible drilling rig, as a result of pack ice loading. The focus is on loading events from pack ice conditions relevant to the Grand Banks, where the pack ice typically consists of small floes and limited concentrations. The current practice for semi-submersible drilling operations on the Grand Banks is to avoid contact with pack ice by disconnecting and moving off-station in the event of an ice incursion. From a global loads perspective this may be unnecessary, given that the typical pack ice is of low severity and mooring loads may well be within acceptable limits.

To be able to operate in pack ice while moored, operators need to demonstrate that the moored semi-submersible will have sufficient structural and mooring capacity to withstand the ice loads. Some existing semi-submersible hulls have ice strengthening in place as specified by a classification society, with associated allowable operating criteria in terms of ice conditions. These operating criteria are to ensure sufficient structural capacity given the ice conditions. No standardized approaches are currently available to quantify global pack ice loads and associated offsets for moored semi-submersibles, which are needed to assess the required mooring capacity. The objective of this paper is to address this gap and present approaches that can assist in specifying allowable operating criteria for station-keeping in pack ice.
Ice Model Tests for Ice Loads and Encroachment of Fixed Offshore Structures
Authors: Schroeder Christian
Published: October 2018

Different kinds of offshore structures are designed and built to resist the scenarios of the arctic environment. This paper focuses on different ice load scenarios and the challenges for fixed offshore structures. Model test methods will be presented to assess the suitability of the design for the corresponding environmental scenarios. Measurement possibilities will be explained monitoring the design challenges as ice resistance, vibrations and encroachment of ice.

The feasibility of different ice model test setups will be described and the main observations will be presented. The findings of the general phenomena of the resistance and encroachment will be discussed to assist the design process of offshore structures.
The Subsea Drake Pipeline: A Challenging Case Study to Check Design Effectiveness Against Drifting Ice Action
Authors: Barrette Paul , Barker Anne , Gardin Enzo
Published: October 2018

The Drake pipeline is located offshore Melville Island, in the Canadian High Arctic. It was built on-site in 1977-78 and connected to a natural gas production well, which operated for only a few months. The well was plugged in 1995 and the pipeline was abandoned. The pipeline extends from the shoreline to the wellhead located about one kilometer offshore to a water depth of 55 meters. It is buried at the shoreline crossing, to a target depth of 1.5 meters below sea bottom. A system to generate a frozen soil shield was also devised for further protection against drifting ice. Also, a berm made from ice and gravel was built at the water line. Field investigations could prove highly instructive to assess the state of the structure, and provide guidelines for design of future pipelines in high risks areas. However, significant technical and logistical challenges would face that venture, namely a ‘no physical contact’ (with the pipeline) restriction from the property owner, which leads to difficulty in understanding what has occurred to the pipeline beneath the soil, and a propensity for the region to be covered with a very thick ice cover.
DP in Ice Environment – Improving Safety and Efficiency of Arctic Operations: An Update
Authors: Islam Mohammed , Mills Jason , Gash Robert , Pearson Wayne , Millan James
Published: October 2018

The objective of this paper is to present an update of various research activities of a multi-year research and development project aiming at developing dynamic positioning (DP) system technologies specifically for ice-rich environments. Since the beginning of the project in 2014, significant progress has been made in various activities that aimed at achieving the primary project objective of improving the safety and efficiency of oil and gas operations in ice infested environments through the enhancement of existing DP system technologies for efficient operations and training of DP operators in simulated realistic ice environments by providing necessary exposure to DP operations in ice. Prototypes of multiple vessel models, ice force models, and other environmental force models have been developed and are being validated. A modularized simulation and validation platform has been developed for the integration, validation, testing of all these prototypes. The research team at the National Research Council's Ocean Coastal and River Engineering (NRC-OCRE) is on the verge of delivering the complete package of the simulation platform to the project lead, the Centre for Marine Simulation (CMS) at the Fisheries and Marine Institute (MI) of Memorial University of Newfoundland, for comprehensive checking and testing of the platform by the project commercial partner Kongsberg Digital Simulation (KDS) Ltd.

In this article, an update on various activities regarding the physical model testing, numerical modeling and development of simulation platform is presented. Various modules of the prototype validation platform and their integration are discussed along with their current development status. A brief discussion on various components of the ice force modeling approach, the algorithms and implementation strategies is provided. Finally, the initial results of a number of DP in ice simulation cases and comparison with validation data is presented. A brief outline of the work remaining to be completed for achieving the project objectives, along with the associated limitations are also provided.
Level Ice Clearing in Model and Full Scale Using Azimuthing Propulsion
Authors: Taimuri Ghalib Humayun , Kujala Pentti , Leiviskä Topi , Määttänen Pirjo
Published: October 2018

Marine vessels and offshore structures functioning in Earth's frigid zones require ice management to continue their routine operations. Icebreakers are the most influential vessel in assisting marine operations in Polar Regions. The present study is set to analyze the clearance area of level ice using Azimuthing propeller jet in bollard condition, by means of full-scale and model scale experiments. Moreover channel widening and heeling test is performed to analyze the escorting ability of an icebreaker with only using propeller jets. Scope of the current investigation can be incorporated in designing new icebreakers and maintaining desired channel width based on propeller jets effect.

Propeller jets can be used to break level ice, when the ship is stationary or moving, where the amount and capacity of breaking or clearing the ice are based on the thrust of the propeller, angle between the propeller jet axis and free surface, and thickness of the ice as well as propeller running time. This paper presents a comparison between full-scale experiments data (carry out in the Gulf of Bothnia, March 2017) and model scale trials performed in Aker Arctic testing facility on the level ice sheet. These experiments were based on image data from external camera and propeller flow parameters, where the area, as well as coordinate calculation, were within 3% of the accuracy from the acquired images. Full-scale ice thicknesses utilized in the experiments were selected and confirmed from surveillance videos. Model-scale images were corrected using Hugin software while ImageJ was used to calculate ice clearance parameters.

Propeller thrust and area analysis show 10-22 % of the variation in the results of the model and full-scale experiments for 16 mm thick model ice. 16 mm thick model ice results are much closer to full-scale trials than 25 mm thick model ice. Test results at 30° and 90° pod angles could be extrapolated to design a prototype vessel.

Channel widening shows worthy outcome, with the use of Azipods at a speed of 8 kn channel width of 36 m can be attain by positioning the stern Azipods at 30° puller configuration. Changing the pod inclination by 30% will increase the channel width to 20%. In the widening of new level ice channel, 30° pod angle is the most suitable.
Consequences of Hypoxia for the Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cell Innate Immune Response
Authors: Sturrock Anne , Woller Diana , Freeman Andrew , Sanders Karl , Paine Robert
Published: October 2018

Pulmonary innate immune responses involve a highly regulated multicellular network to defend the enormous surface area of the lung. Disruption of these responses renders the host susceptible to pneumonia. Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) are a critical source of innate immune molecules such as GM-CSF, which determine the functional maturation of alveolar macrophages. In many pulmonary diseases, heterogeneous ventilation leads to regional hypoxia in the lung. The effect of hypoxia on AEC innate immune function is unknown. We now report that exposure of primary murine AEC to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 24 h results in significant suppression of key innate immune molecules, including GM-CSF, CCL2, and IL-6. This exposure did not cause toxicity but did induce stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protein (HIF-1α) and shift to glycolytic metabolism. Focusing on GM-CSF, we found that hypoxia greatly decreased the rate of GM-CSF transcription. Hypoxia both decreased NF-κB signaling in AEC and induced chromosomal changes, resulting in decreased accessibility in the GM-CSF proximal promoter of target sequences for NF-κB binding. In mice exposed to hypoxia in vivo (12% oxygen for 2 d), lung GM-CSF protein expression was reduced. In vivo phagocytosis of fluorescent beads by alveolar macrophages was also suppressed, but this effect was reversed by treatment with GM-CSF. These studies suggest that in critically ill patients, local hypoxia may contribute to the susceptibility of poorly ventilated lung units to infection through complementary effects on several pathways, reducing AEC expression of GM-CSF and other key innate immune molecules.
“Medical Humanities nell’epoca della medicina tecnologica e informatica”
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile / Not available
La vaccinazione obbligatoria sui minori in Italia, tra libertà e responsabilità / Mandatory childhood vaccination in Italy, between freedom and responsibility
Authors: Forni Lorena
Published: October 2018

La sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 5 del 2018 è l’occasione per affrontare la questione dei vaccini sui minori in Italia. Questo paper si propone di discutere il complesso tema con gli strumenti propri dell’analisi filosofico- giuridica. A tale proposito, saranno passate in rassegna le principali obiezioni alla pratica vaccinale minorile, per capirne la sostenibilità e per opporre differenti ragioni giustificanti. Saranno in particolare chiariti i fraintendimenti tra liberà di scelta e di cura, riguardo all’esercizio del diritto alla salute per i minori. ---------- The ruling by the Italian Constitutional Court n. 5/ 2018 is an opportunity to address the issue of childhood vaccination. This paper aims to discuss the complex theme from an legal and philosophical perspective. In this regard, the main objections to the minors vaccination practice will be reviewed, to understand their sustainability and to oppose other justifying reasons. In particular, the misunderstandings between freedom of choice and freedom of care regarding the exercise of children’s right to health will be clarified.
Identità e autonomia: due nozioni alla prova del morbo di Alzheimer / Identity and autonomy: two notions at the test bed of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fuselli Stefano
Published: October 2018

Il morbo di Alzheimer è una patologia i cui effetti non sono dirompenti solo sul piano pratico, per i pazienti e i loro familiari o per il sistema socio-assistenziale, ma anche sul piano concettuale. Esso infatti mette a dura prova le correnti nozioni di identità e autonomia del soggetto, con notevoli conseguenze, prima ancora che sul piano pratico, sul piano teorico. Muovendo dal dibattito bioetico attuale, questo contributo intende portare allo scoperto quanto nel dramma dell’Alzheimer si manifesta circa la nozione di identità e di autonomia. La prospettiva prescelta non è pratica ma è teoretica, volta cioè non tanto al da-farsi ma al da-guardarsi. ---------- The effects of Alzheimer’s Disease are disruptive on a practical level for patients and their families as well as for the healthcare system. They are also disruptive on a conceptual level, because they challenge the current notions of identity and autonomy of the subject. The consequences are relevant first and foremost from a theoretical point of view rather than from a practical one. By considering the present debate in bioethics, this contribution aims to shed light on what AD can reveal about the notions of identity and autonomy. The perspective is a theoretical rather than a practical one, because it focuses on what has to be looked at rather than on what has to be done.
Italian adaptation of the brief modified experiences in close relationships scale in a sample of cancer patients: factor analysis and clinical implications
Authors: Ghirardello Davide , Munari Jacopo , Testa Silvia , Torta Riccardo , Veglia Fabio , Civilotti Cristina
Published: October 2018

Many previous studies have indicated that the attachment pattern developed during infancy shapes the adult attachment style, which in turn affects responses to stress and help-seeking behaviors. It may be relevant within clinical contexts to have easy-to-administer and rapid tools aimed to investigate attachment dimensions. The current study presents the Italian adaptation of the Brief Modified Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-M16) – a self-reported measure of the attachment-style dimensions with reference to close others – and assesses its factorial structure. The questionnaire was administered to cancer outpatients. The number of factors to be extracted was calculated via parallel analysis. Subsequently, an exploratory factor analysis was run to calculate the first-order factor structure, which was compared to the original one via Procrustes rotation and Tucker’s coefficient. Finally, a second-order factor structure was calculated by factor analyzing the first-order factor scores. The Italian adaptation of the ECR-M16 is characterized by a first-order factor structure comprising four factors, like the original. The degree of similarity between the two ranges between fair and dissimilar. The second-order factor structure comprises two higher order dimensions, like in the original study. Although partially similar, the two second-order factor structures show relevant differences. A clinically oriented discussion centered on the similarities and differences between the two factor structures is provided, along with indications for future studies.
Line and surface defects in Reshetikhin–Turaev TQFT
Authors: Carqueville Nils , Runkel Ingo , Schaumann Gregor
Published: October 2018

A modular tensor category

\mathcal C

gives rise to a Reshetikhin–Turaev type topological quantum field theory which is defined on 3-dimensional bordisms with embedded

\mathcal C

-coloured ribbon graphs. We extend this construction to include bordisms with surface defects which in turn can meet along line defects. The surface defects are labelled by

\Delta

-separable symmetric Frobenius algebras and the line defects by “multi-modules” which are equivariant with respect to a cyclic group action. Our invariant cannot distinguish non-isotopic embeddings of 2-spheres, but we give an example where it distinguishes non-isotopic embeddings of 2-tori.
A polynomial action on colored $\mathfrak {sl}_2$ link homology
Authors: Hogancamp Matthew
Published: October 2018

We construct an action of a polynomial ring on the colored sl2 link homology of Cooper–Krushkal, over which this homology is finitely generated. We define a new, related link homology which is finite dimensional, extends to tangles, and categorifies a scalar multiple of the

\mathfrak {sl}_2

Reshetikhin–Turaev invariant. We expect this homology to be functorial under 4-dimensional cobordisms. The polynomial action is related to a conjecture of Gorsky–Oblomkov–Rasmussen–Shende on the stable Khovanov homology of torus knots, and as an application we obtain a weak version of this conjecture. A key new ingredient is the construction of a bounded chain complex which categorifies a scalar multiple of the Jones–Wenzl projector, in which the denominators have been cleared.