bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1989 Medalists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

AGU takes great pride in announcing the 1989 recipients of the highest honors presented by the Union, the AGU Medals. These outstanding scientists are chosen by a select committee of their peers for their significant contributions in one or more aspects of geophysics.

The William Bowie Medal, for outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research, is awarded to Walter H. Munk (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.).
Research drilling into the volcanic hydrothermal system on White Island, New Zealand
Authors: Giggenbach Werner F. , Hendenquist Jeffrey W. , Houghton Bruce F. , Otway Peter M. , Allis Richard G.
Published: October 2006

We have been investigating the possibility of drilling a 600‐m deep hole into the volcanic hydrothermal system on White Island, an active andesitic volcano located in the Bay of Plenty, 50 km off the coast of New Zealand (Figure 1). A number of important hydrothermal and volcanic problems of worldwide occurrence can be addressed by drilling into this volcano. The principal goals are to characterize the chemistry and distribution of the fluids within the volcanic hydrothermal system and the related alteration mineralogy, to investigate fluid migration during magma:water interaction, and to investigate the extent to which physical rock properties influence the hydrology of such a system.

This study will improve our understanding of magma:magmatic fluid:groundwater interactions at high levels in an andesitic volcano; the fluids and flow processes in an active volcanic hydrothermal system; the processes of metal transport and deposition in this acidic, ore‐forming environment; and the geophysical signatures that remain as the system cools.
Seismicity of the Great Lakes region
Authors: Gerhard Kunze A. W. , Alexander Shelton S.
Published: October 2006

The Symposium on the Seismicity of the Great Lakes Region was held April 21, 1988, at the University of Akron, Ohio, in connection with the 22nd Annual Meeting of the North‐Central Section of the Geological Society of America, sponsored by the Department of Geology, University of Akron.

The purpose of this symposium was to reassess the seismicity of the region and its relationship to tectonic features in view of the unexpectedly strong earthquake of January 31, 1986, near the Perry nuclear power plant in northeast Ohio. A total of 13 papers were presented to an audience of about 60–70. Abstracts of these papers appear in Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America, volume 20, number 5, March 1988.
ACGWP and AIH discuss cooperative activities
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Officers of the American Institute of Hydrology (AIH) and the Association of Ground Water Scientists (ACGWP) met December 13, 1988, in Las Vegas to explore possible cooperation between the two organizations that certify hydrologists and groundwater professionals. John Moore and Joseph Rosenshein, both of Reston, Va., and Richard Hawkins of Tucson, Ariz., represented AIH; Doug Kent of Menlo Park, Calif., Jim Gibb and Don Jorgenson of Lawrence, Kan., and Jim Quinlin of Mammoth Cave, Ky., represented ACGWP. All except Gibb are members of the AGU Hydrology Section. The group reviewed the organizational structure, history, certification standards, and future plans for each organization. The two organizations agreed to work together on jointly sponsored technical meetings, jointly sponsored workshops in certification for the Environmental Protection Agency and state agencies, and establishment of a National Steering Committee to meet twice a year. From John Moore, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.
Dust from orbit
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

The number of large dust particles in the stratosphere increased more than ten times from 1981–84, according to a study reported in the January 20 Journal of Geophysical Research. The likely source for most of the particles, say the authors, is the growing junkyard of space debris in low orbit around Earth.

The article contains analyses of particles collected in 1976, 1981, and 1984 on surfaces coated with sticky silicone oil and mounted underneath the wings of National Aeronautics and Space Administration planes flying through the stratosphere at 17–19 km altitude. Only particles one μm in diameter or larger stuck to the collectors. That is smaller than most liquid and solid aerosols, which act as condensation nucleii for clouds and change the radiative energy balance of the troposphere.
Migration of Seismic Data
Authors: Frazer Neil
Published: October 2006

Migration is one of those subjects that is difficult to explain to nonbelievers. The goal of migration is to generate an image of the subsurface velocity structure, but in order to migrate, one must first assume a velocity structure. Furthermore, until recently, nobody knew the meaning of the numbers output from migration; they were just numbers that made an image that looked more or less like the input data. The situation is further confused by the many different methods of migration: finite difference, Kirchhoff, F‐K, phase shift, reverse time, dip move out (DMO), and others. It is possible to be an expert at one method of migration and understand almost nothing about the other methods. Migration is thus a kind of first aid: what to do while you wait for the mathematicians to arrive. Even the history of the subject is confused, mostly by the tendency of some petroleum companies to permit publication of research in only two instances: (a) when the are sure it will never work on data or (b) when they think the competition either already knows about it or is about to find out.
President's proposed budget for FY04 generally favorable for science
Authors: Russell C. T.
Published: October 2006

The executive committee of the Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section met December 4, 1988, at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. The following is the President's report on that meeting.

The SPR Section of AGU carries the responsibility for the vitality of the fields of solar, heliospheric and magnetospheric physics and aeronomy. What AGU does and, in particular, what the SPR Section does will affect the course of science in these disciplines by enhancing or diminishing the communication between scientists. In realization of this the SPR executive committee has been working toward improving our meetings and maintaining the high quality of our journals. The present section executive committee consists of the president, president‐elect, past president, and secretaries and the chairs of all SPR committees appointed by the president, SPR representatives of AGU committees, and representatives of all SPR‐AGU journals.
Arctic ripe for ozone depletion
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

Scientists just back from a midwinter airborne probe of the Arctic say the stratosphere there “is primed for ozone destruction.” Although the depletion is not expected to be as extreme as what has been found in Antarctica, the mounting evidence that ozone at both poles is vulnerable has led representatives of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to call for modification of the Montreal protocol on ozone depletion to account for the greater potential depletion.

When atmospheric scientists of the second National Ozone Expedition returned from Antarctica in 1987, they announced they had found the “smoking gun” implicating chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the documented destruction of ozone in the stratosphere—highly elevated levels of chemicals like the chlorine monoxide radical (CIO) that result from the breakdown of CFCs. Now the same scientists have found the same chemicals in the Arctic stratosphere and confirmed the apparent role of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the formation of the destructive chlorine compounds.
Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge
Authors: Bedinger M. S.
Published: October 2006

Water in arid and semiarid regions of the world is commonly recognized as the most important of the natural resources. Groundwater is commonly the only source of water in an arid or semiarid environment and, if not, it commonly is an essential and dependable supplemental source. Arid and semiarid environments are becoming recognized as potentially favorable for the disposal of waste products of man's activities. The basis for intelligent management of waste and water resources is quantitative information on the physical properties and flow components of the hydrologic system.
Pacific Northwest report, abstracts
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The Pacific Northwest Region of the American Geophysical Union held its 35th annual meeting September 28–30, 1988, at the Royal Roads Millitary College in Victoria, British Columbia; 113 scientists attended. The ten sessions covered hydrology, general geophysics, geomagnetism, marine geology, oceanography, seismology, volcanology, and tectonophysics in 61 oral and 5 poster papers. Abstracts of the papers follow this introduction. At the banquet, E. Irving of the Pacific Geoscience Center spoke on “The Fall of Fixism.” The 36th annual meeting will be held in fall 1989 in Portland, Ore.; Ansel Johnson of Portland State University is convenor.
Quayle saves Landsat program
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

With a last‐minute budget reprieve from the Bush administration, Landsats 4 and 5, the sole public U.S. source of detailed satellite images of Earth, have another six months of life. The impending shutoff of the satellites on March 31 without an infusion of funds has focused attention on the public—private partnership that manages the Landsat program.

EOSAT , Inc., the private corporation that operates Landsats 4 and 5, needs $9.4 million to maintain the satellites until the end of the fiscal year in October. As it has in previous years, t h e Reagan administration included no money in its FY 1989 budget to keep the spacecraft working, a n d the Bush administration has not amended that policy. Congress has restored operating funds in the past, but this time it was the National Space Council, headed by Vice President Dan Quayle, that released a statement saying that federal agencies that are many of the biggest customers for remote sensing data from the satellites will pay at least some of the costs. Under the plan the rest would be supplied by EOSAT, which markets Landsat data.
EDGE: An initiative to study submerged continental lithosphere around the U.S.
Authors: Austin James A. , Talwani Manik
Published: October 2006

EDGE is a project initiated by a broad consortium of geologists and geophysicists to use state‐of‐the‐art marine geophysical techniques to study the geologic history of submerged continental lithosphere on U.S. margins. A 2‐year proposal to support commercial acquisition, processing, and interpretation of deeppenetration multichannel seismic reflection data from selected transects identified in the Gulf of Alaska, off the Oregon‐Washington coast, in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, and off the Mid‐Atlantic region of the East Coast (Figure 1) has recently been funded by the National Science Foundation. Additional monies to support this first phase of EDGE are presently being provided by industry.

The purpose of this article is to acquaint the widest possible spectrum of the geoscience community with the genesis, development, and prospects of EDGE, and to solicit continuing input on the most important scientific problems that can be addressed on U.S. margins with modern marine geophysical methods. This input will then be used to develop and continue the EDGE project.
Estimation of Seismicity Parameters Using a Computer
Authors: Veneziano Daniele
Published: October 2006

The book is a translation from an original in Russian, published in 1972. After 15 years, the book appears dated, its emphasis being the use of computers as an innovative technology for seismicity parameter estimation.

The book is divided into two parts. Part I (29 pages) reviews the literature for quantitative measures of seismicity and for earthquake recurrence models, and describes previous uses of the computer to determine seismicity parameters. The literature reviewed is mainly that of the 1960s, with prevalence of Russian and European titles. This part of the book may retain some interest for the historical perspective it gives on the subject.
Final thanks from the former Editor
Authors: Reiff Patricia H.
Published: October 2006

After three years as Eos Editor for Solar‐Planetary Relationships, I have developed along list of people to thank. First and foremost, I thank the Eos Managing Editors, first Barbara Richman, who taught me the ins and outs of the business, and second, Janet Crampton, who despite health problems has done a fantastic job of coming up to speed. They were both especially good at meeting deadlines when “it has to be in this week!” even if it meant typing in or setting a news item by hand. I also give a big thank‐you to my authors, whose items have made Eos interesting to read and timely.
SPAN: Riding the winds of change
Authors: Zwickl Ronald D. , Thomas Valerie L.
Published: October 2006

The latest Data Systems Users Working Group (DSUWG, also known as SPAN Users Group) meeting was held October 24–26, 1988, in Anaheim, Calif. While the meeting contained all the normal topics of discussion, this gathering focused its attention on understanding recent changes imposed by NASA Headquarters that affect SPAN's current and future operation. The major emphasis of this meeting report is explaining changes that have occurred within NASA and what effect these changes have upon you, the computing network user. Highlights are also included for two other areas that may be of interest: security and European SPAN.
Danger warrants rescuing data
Authors: Shaw George H.
Published: October 2006

A plea as plaintive as that of Marcia Neugebauer should not go unheeded. The problem she cites presents potentially serious problems for science and deserves further thought and discussion. Linguists will tell us that the inevitable evolution of language results from modifications of meaning and usage in response to changing aspects of the human condition. Nevertheless, in the misappropriation of “data” there is enough at stake to warrant strong efforts to oppose the trend.
Solar‐terrestrial energy program 1990–1995: A study of energy transfer mechanisms in the solar‐terrestrial system
Authors: Rostoker Gordon
Published: October 2006

The primary purpose of this article is to bring to the attention of the geophysical community a new international study of solar‐terrestrial relationships dealing with the linkages between the heliosphere and the various regions of geospace. This program, for which proposals should be submitted by late May of this year, is designed to maximize the scientific return from the many satellite, groundbased, and theoretical studies that will be undertaken in the first half of the 1990s.

From the time of the International Geophysical Year (1958), studies of global planetary phenomena have featured the development of research programs that called for intensive collaboration among scientists from many nations. The interdisciplinary nature of these studies transcended the mandates of most of the international scientific organizations who help arrange meetings and provide a venue for working groups to meet on a periodic basis (e.g., International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Committee on Space Research, Union Radio Scientifique Internationale, International Astronomical Union). The Scientific Committee on Solar‐Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) was formed to help develop and assist in the operations of interdisciplinary programs designed to investigate the nature of the solar‐terrestrial interaction.
Research ships upgraded
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Two research vessels, operated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., are undergoing scientific upgrading and engineering modifications costing $15 million each. The improvements will prepare them to take lead roles in major future ocean research efforts.

Research vessel Knorr (operated by WHOI) entered the McDermott Shipyard in Amelia, LA., on February 15. It will receive new engines and a propulsion system, and its length will be increased from 245 to 279 feet. The R/V Melville (operated by SIO) is scheduled for the same 10‐month remodeling to begin in mid‐November.
Promoting research in rock deformation
Authors: Kirby Steve
Published: October 2006

In response to informal discussions at the 1988 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., a dinner colloquium was held December 5, 1988, in San Francisco. Our purpose was to explore ways of promoting basic research in rock deformation, for which no professional organization exists that spans the full range of research interests. In spite of an informal distribution of announcements of the meeting, 54 people attended.

Rock deformation is the materials science of the crystalline and amorphous materials that make up the solid Earth. As such, it includes not only the physical processes responsible for brittle and ductile deformation but also the important chemical processes that influence time‐dependent inelastic deformation. Consequently, there is a continuing need to engage interest and collaboration from materials scientists, mineral physicists, metallurgists, surface chemists, and geochemists in the study of the inelastic mechanical behavior of these complex materials.
Joseph Henry and John Henry Lefroy A common 19th century vision of auroral research
Authors: Silverman S. M.
Published: October 2006

Research on solar‐terrestrial relationships today relies primarily on in situ space data. These data, however, cover only a short period of about 30 years. Many solar and related phenomena vary on much longer time scales. For the study of these, parameters such as sunspots, magnetic activity, auroral occurrence, or other proxy data are required. Historical records of aurora are particularly useful in this connection.
Mission to planet Earth: Concept of a Global Observing System
Authors: Dziewonski A. M.
Published: October 2006

A sequence of disasters ranging from depletion of the ozone layer through droughts, heat waves, and floods to devastating earthquakes led Time magazine in 1988 to name Earth the Planet of the Year instead of naming the usual Man or Woman of the Year. A panel of 33 experts, convened by Time, developed a series of recommendations of what the nations of the world should do with regard to vanishing species, greenhouse effect, garbage disposal, and overpopulation. Clearly, there are many immediate steps that the governments of the world could and should undertake to prevent further deterioration of the environment. But when Time's lead article mentions that there is no universal agreement on the global‐warming theory, the conclusion is, “It is far too risky to d o nothing while awaiting absolute proof of disaster.” Scientific disputes are seldom unresolvable if there are adequate data.
Hydrology Section Executive Committee
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The executive committee of the Hydrology Section met on December 8, 1988, beginning at 4:30 P.M. After an introduction by section president George Pinder, the other members of the executive committee (composed of section officers, editors, and scientific committee chairpersons) introduced themselves.
Mapping and GIS Standards Meeting
Authors: Carr Jerry E.
Published: October 2006

The Mapping and GIS Standards Section D18.01.05, under Subcommittee D18.01 Surface and Subsurface Reconnaissance, met on January 24 as part of the Spring Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, in Orlando, Fla., January 22–27, 1989. The section was recently established to develop standards for mapping and GIS for ASTM publication. ASTM standards are voluntary full consensus standards, normally accepted by all sectors having an interest in the subject area and, when adopted, can become a basis for commercial and regulatory actions. Six presentations were given at the session followed by a discussion on mapping and GIS standards.
Navy lifts ban on bathymetry
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

In a reversal of previous policy, the U.S. Navy has lifted its restriction of high resolution bathymetric charts of the ocean bottom.

The announcement, made in a Department of Defense statement dated March 30, means that data from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration program to map the 200‐mile U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone will no longer sit under lock and key. In addition, the possibility of classifying all government‐supported high resolution sonar surveys by academic institutions that was considered earlier by the Navy has been ruled out in a letter from Oceanographer of the Navy Richard Pittenger to NOAA Administrator William Evans.
Why squeeze rocks?
Authors: Paterson Mervyn S.
Published: October 2006

Why squeeze rocks? Why indeed! The response of the pure scientist might be similar to that of Mt. Everest climbers: Because they are there to squeeze. But I suppose most of us would come up with more mundane motives, among which may be included bread and butter and a variety of rationalizations. On one hand, motives may arise primarily from a materials science interest, an interest in the properties and behavior of rocks as a particular type of material. On the other hand, they may arise primarily from a geological or geophysical interest, in which case the aim is mainly to gain knowledge of rock behavior that helps in understanding phenomena in the Earth.
Academy chops another board
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

The number of National Research Council boards that advise the U.S. government on space policy has been reduced from three to two, according to testimony presented to Congress last week.

The Space Applications Board has been eliminated and its responsibilities split between the Space Science Board, now called the Space Studies Board, and the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board. The Space Studies Board will counsel NASA and other agencies on a broader range of space science issues than before, including microgravity research, Earth remote sensing, and human exploration of the solar system, all previously in the purview of the SAB.
TOMS ozone data available on line
Authors: Ng Carolyn , McPeters Richard
Published: October 2006

Ten years' data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer on the polar‐orbiting Nimbus 7 satellite are now available by computer. Magnetic tapes with TOMS data from November 1978 to the present have been added to the archives of data sets maintained by the National Space Science Data Center at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. The most recent year of ozone data can be accessed directly from NSSDC computers.

TOMS measures the ratio of radiance backscattered by Earth's atmosphere to extraterrestrial solar irradiance in 6 selected wavelength bands in the ultraviolet spectrum. Total column ozone values are derived from those measurements. TOMS scans across the satellite orbital track to produce detailed global maps of ozone on a daily basis.
Cold fusion before Congress
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann took their cold fusion show to Capitol Hill last week, saying they were “as sure as sure can be” that the heat produced in their experiments at the University of Utah is the result of some form of nuclear fusion and vigorously defending themselves against charges that they have set the scientific world on its ear by creating a good battery.

The two chemists asked for “tens of millions of dollars” in federal funds to move directly into commercial development of energy devices based on the new discovery, but provided no more than tantalizing hints at what is going on in their experiments.
Federal budget process: An overview
Authors: Frizzell Virgil A.
Published: October 2006

Much geophysical research funding originates from the federal government, and many who obtain federal funding consider the executive branch to be its source. In fact, the federal budget results from a complex ballet between the executive and legislative branches. Because it is both little understood and essential to our work, this report will review the fundamentals of the three‐year budgetary process.

The Constitution assigns the power of the purse to the Congress. Before the 1920s, executive branch agencies and departments submitted their own separate budgets to Congress, and deliberate planning and priority setting was minimal. In 1921 Congress empowered the president to submit an executive branch budget reflecting his priorities for the next fiscal year. Following this protocol, former President Reagan submitted his budget for Fiscal Year 1990 in January, and President Bush outlined his FY'90 priorities in February.
Algerian Society
Authors: Meghraoui Mustapha
Published: October 2006

The Algerian Society of Geological Sciences was formed March 13 during the 7th National Earth Sciences Meeting in Algiers. About 200 scientists have joined. They elected a 20‐member bureau and M. Safar‐Zitoun as society president. The society's address is ASGS, IST‐USTHB, P.O. Box 32, El Alia‐Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
Cold fusion iced at APS Meeting
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

Low‐level fusion in the laboratory like that suggested to occur inside Earth is unlikely but possible, according to most physicists who spoke at a national meeting May 2–3. But opinion was nearly unanimous that the massive, heat‐producing fusion claimed by two chemists at the University of Utah is the result of incorrect and flawed science.

There were 40 speakers at an impromptu two‐night session on cold fusion at the American Physical Society meeting in Baltimore, and nearly all reported attempts to confirm or disprove nuclear fusion in deuterium‐filled palladium at room temperature. Stanley Pons of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City and Martin Fleischmann of Southampton University in England have announced that they achieved large amounts of fusion, while Steven Jones, a physicist at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, says that he detected fusion in palladium, but at a rate a billion times lower than Pons and Fleischmann report.
Transect workshop held in Egypt
Authors: Barazangi Muawia
Published: October 2006

A workshop on the progress of the Global Geoscience Transects (GGT) project in the Middle East and Africa (see maps) was held January 15–17 in Cairo, Egypt. (Transect plans in the region have been described in Eos, 69, p. 124). It was jointly organized and funded by the Egyptian National Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics and the International Lithosphere Program coordinating Committee CC‐7 of GGT. A. Ashour of Cairo University, Egypt, chaired the workshop; the general secretary was S. Riad of Assiut University, Egypt, who was responsible for most of the organization, scheduling and implementation of the workshop.
Surface water committee 1988–1990
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The Surface Water committee has been one of the most active committees of the Hydrology Section owing in part to its broad chagrge. Previous committee chairmen Keith Hipel (1982–1984) and Jery Stedinger (1984–1988) have enthusiastically promoted the committee with the result that the number of special sessions sponsored has averaged 2–4 per AGU meeting. These sessions have covered topics clearly falling within the charge implied by the committee's title, such as water quality monitoring design, hydrologic instrumentation, and computer graphics.

The wide range of special sessions organized by the committee is attributable in part to the committee's broad charge but also to the high level of activity the committee has enjoyed, and the relative inactivity of some other Hydrology Section committees. At present, almost all of the committees are active, and some change in direction for the Surface Water Committee appears in order. I believe that this change in direction should be subtle, but should emphasize increased cosponsorship of special sessions with other Hydrology Section committees, and other AGU Sections.
The value of research?
Authors: Kuusisto Esko
Published: October 2006

“Assess the effectiveness of the research in the Adminstration, in relation to the resources available; the resources allocated to research are to be compared to the quality and quantity of results obtained.” This task was given by the Minister of the Environment of Finland on December 14, 1987, to five experts from Canada, Japan, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. They were invited to conduct an evaluation of the research activities in the National Water and Environment Adminstration of Finland (NWEA).

How does one evaluate the quality and quantity of research? At the beginning of the project, the team members received a parcel containing 34 summaries covering different branches of research. The 20 kg weight of the parcel, though not a measure for the quantity of research, served at least as a measure for the quantity of work the experts would face!
Crutzen, Goldberg Share Tyler Prize
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Paul Crutzen and Edward Goldberg have won the 1989 Tyler Prize for their work in environmentally related sciences. Crutzen is director of the atmospheric chemistry division at the Max‐Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany. Goldberg is a professor of chemistry at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif. They receive commemorative gold medallions and split the $150,000 award.
Geology Consortium Project Reports
Authors: Myrow Paul
Published: October 2006

The second Keck Research Symposium in Geology was held April 13–16 at Colorado College, Colorado Springs. Forty faculty and 65 students from 10 institutions attended to report on Keck‐funded intercollegiate research programs of previous summers. Five research projects have been completed, in Bermuda, Colorado, Massachusetts, Montana, and Minnesota. Results were presented at the meeting.
Gephardt stresses global unity
Authors: Bush Susan M.
Published: October 2006

Congressman Richard A. Gephardt (D‐MO) came to AGU's spring meeting in Baltimore, Md., to talk about global warming and public policy. He stressed global unity to combat the problems of increasing temperatures. His remarks were part of the Union session Earth: A Changing Planet on May 10. Gephardt emphasized the U.S. need to cooperate with Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, and other countries where scientists are working to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases.
GP Business Meeting Summary
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

This brief report summarizes the main business items considered in the GP Section business session at the AGU 1988 Fall Meeting in San Francisco and will henceforth be a regular contribution to GP Compass.

Mike McElhinny (BMR, Australia), the 1988 recipient of AGU's Flemming Medal, made a brief report of the progress he and Rob Van der Voo (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) were making on the paleomagnetic data base problem. They will be using the data base management system ORACLE to provide an efficient and easily accessible method for storing and retrieving paleomagnetic data. They do not intend to produce an all‐encompassing data base. For example, secular variation data from marine sediments will not be included. Van der Voo will present another data base progress report at the AGU 1989 Spring Meeting in Baltimore and a far more lengthy discussion of status of the paleomagnetic data base management problem will be given in GP Compass later this year.
EUROTRAC tracks air pollution
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

More than 400 scientists from nineteen countries have begun fourteen projects in the European Experiment on the Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents in the Troposphere over Europe, called EUROTRAC. The experiment's implementation phase will last eight years. An international scientific committee began developing the EUROTRAC plan and selecting the projects in 1985.

Laboratory studies are directed toward understanding the heterogeneous and liquid‐phase reactions in clouds and the processes that lead to ozone formation in the troposphere. Advanced environmental instrumentation projects involve tunable diode lasers, laser sounding, and optical absorption.
CRAF Mission
Authors: Neugebauer Marcia , Weissman Paul R.
Published: October 2006

The CRAF/Cassini program, identified by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Office of Space Science and Applications as its highest‐priority new start for a major space mission, consists of two separate but related missions–a comet rendezvous/asteroid flyby (CRAF) and a Saturn orbiter/Titan probe (Cassini). The two missions have been combined into a joint program because of the substantial cost savings (∼$500M, or >30%), which can be realized by using a common spacecraft design, a single management team, and a joint mission operations system for the two missions. CRAF and Cassini will be the first users of the new Mariner Mark II spacecraft, which has been designed to carry out the next generation of planetary missions to the outer planets and small bodies.

CRAF will be a joint mission between the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany, which will provide the propulsion module and one of the experiments. Cassini will be a joint mission between the U.S. and the European Space Agency, with ESA providing the atmospheric entry probe for Titan; the science payload of both the probe and the orbiter will be shared between the U.S. and European nations.
Labor pains at subduction's birth
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

The largest earthquake in 12 years has drawn attention to a remote part of the world where the established rules of plate tectonics break down along a jumble of ridges and troughs running from New Zealand almost to Antarctica.

The submarine earthquake occurred May 23 near uninhabited Macquarie Island, about 2000 km southwest of Auckland, New Zealand, in the South Pacific Ocean. It was felt several hundred kilometers away on Campbell Island but caused little damage, despite a surface wave magnitude of 8.3, larger than that of the earthquakes that hit Mexico City in 1985. No identifiable tsunami resulted.
In Congress: Groundwater legislation
Authors: Bush Susan M.
Published: October 2006

Since the mid‐1970s, groundwater quality has been one of the major concerns of water resource problems in the U.S. Over 50% of this country's drinking water is provided by groundwater; the amount is nearly 100% in rural America. Groundwater also provides about 40% of our irrigation needs.

James L. Oberstar (D‐MN) said recently that “groundwater has been contaminated by landfills, waste disposal sites, and many other sources, [and] more and more, by pesticides.” People are asking if there are health hazards.
1989 Whitten Medal presented to James C. Savage
Authors: Thatcher Wayne R. , Savage James C..
Published: October 2006

I am delighted that the AGU is honoring Jim Savage with the award of the Whitten Medal and am very pleased to be able to make the presentation. Over the past 20 years Jim's work, more than anything else, has made the observation and analysis of geodetically‐measured crustal deformation one of the pre‐eminent disciplines in earthquake research. His work sets the standards. He is the foremost researcher in the field, and every aspect, from the development of field measurement systems to the mathematics of modeling plate boundary deformation, contains important contributions from his work.
WRR editors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

New editors of AGU's Water Resources Research journal will be Soroosh Sorooshian and Roger E. Smith.

Soroosh Sorooshian was born in Kerman, Iran. He received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, in 1971. He received his M.S. degree in operations research in 1973 and his Ph.D. degree in water resources systems engineering in 1978, both from the University of California, Los Angeles.
David P. Stern and history in AGU
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The earliest beginning of organized efforts to do history in AGU began with an idea that David Stern presented to a number of scientists attending a topical conference held in La Jolla, Calif., in the early 1970s. David's ideas were supported by a number of fellow history enthusiasts, “especially Martin Walt, Jim Heirtzler and James Van Allen who acted as godfathers in helping the Committee on History of Geophysics find a niche in the AGU framework” and win recognition from the AGU Council.
SPR executive committee meeting report
Authors: Russell C. T.
Published: October 2006

The executive committee of the Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section met the afternoon of May 7, just before the AGU 1989 Spring Meeting began. The purpose of the meeting was for members of the different SPR and Union committees, editors and officers to exchange information on issues of concern to the section and to plan for the future.

It was announced that R. J. Walker had just been appointed chairman of the AGU Information Technology Committee. Members who have suggestions about how AGU should proceed in this area may contact him directly.
Chemical Quality of Water and the Hydrologic Cycle
Authors: Roger Bales
Published: October 2006

The editors compiled this book with a very timely and important aim in mind, that of illustrating in a holistic manner some important changes that people's activities impose on water as it moves through the hydrologic cycle. The relations between atmospheric, surface and subsurface water quality relative to anthropogenic pollution have been a theme of environmental education for over 20 years; drawing together researchers from diverse disciplines to consider these links is still a much needed and timely activity. The editors have succeeded in putting together a collection of papers that illustrates chemical changes at several places in the hydrologic cycle. Unfortunately, most contributors to the volume give little explicit attention to the holistic theme.
The founding of the Canadian Geophysical Union
Authors: Hodgson John H.
Published: October 2006

This article is adapted from the speech John Hodgson gave May 9, 1988, at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Geophysical Union in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, on the occasion of the adoption of the constitution that makes CGU an independent organization. Hodgson, retired Director General of the former Earth Physics Branch of the Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources of Canada, was a founder of the original CGU and is a historian of geophysics.
Budget noose tightens in House
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

The House Appropriations Committee has handed the subcommittee that holds the purse strings for NASA and NSF a 1990 budget allocation $701 million less than what President Bush asked for and $1.2 billion short of what the subcommittee's chairman has said is needed for veterans' and housing programs as well as for science.

The subcommittee on Veterans Affairs, Housing, and Independent Agencies received approval for $53.125 billion in outlays for domestic discretionary programs and $48.05 billion in budget authority for Fiscal Year 1990. Those are the non‐defense parts of the federal budget that Congress can shape to fit its priorities.
The Great Dying: Cosmic Catastrophe, Dinosaurs, and the Theory of Evolution
Authors: Rich H. V.
Published: October 2006

As the subtitle of this well written, informative book suggests, current ideas on the causes of mass extinction as resulting from bolloide impact intertwine with the subsequent impact of these ideas on evolutionary theory.

The book begins with the author's strongly stated objections to the natural selection theory. He rejects it on the ground that it is non‐falsifiable and therefore non‐scientific. He points out that the question of whether or not natural selection is a proper scientific theory is more than a matter of academic interest because many horrors of the past century perpetrated on one group of the human race by another have sought partial justification through appeal to the theory.
GEOHAZARDS '88GEOHAZARDS '88
Authors: Hodges Carroll Ann
Published: October 2006

Durant's prophetic observation provided the perfect mantra for GEOHAZARDS '88, a symposium highlighting research on the causes, effects, and prediction of geologic and hydrologic hazards, held November 17–18, 1988, at the U.S. Geological Survey's Western Region Headquarters in Menlo Park, Calif. All three research divisions of the Survey—Geologic, Water Resources, and National Mapping—contributed to the program.

USGS has long been engaged in research on hazardous environments resulting from geologic and hydrologic factors, and that research has been especially vigorous at its Western Region offices. It was appropriate therefore that this forum convene at the locus of tectonic ferment on the edge of the North American plate, adjacent to the San Andreas fault. An open house for the general public highlighting all aspects of USGS programs followed the symposium November 19. The purpose of GEOHAZARDS '88 was to provide an opportunity for USGS scientists and other investigators to talk with local, state, and federal officials who must react to the findings of Earth science research with judicious policy decisions. Making such decisions is neither easy nor enviable. Yet the citizenry demands and is entitled to enlightened policy regarding the hazardous geologic and hydrologic conditions with which we necessarily live, particularly on the west coast. California serves as de facto proving ground for building codes and land‐use decisions because of the high frequency with which they are tested by natural events somewhere in the state.
DOE Thermal Regimes Drilling Program through 1988
Authors: Wollenberg Harold , Eichelberger John , Elders Wilfred , Goff Eraser , Younker Leland
Published: October 2006

To investigate the thermal, chemical, and mechanical behavior of magma during its ascent toward the surface, four holes were continuously cored into an igneous system young enough to be essentially unchanged since its emplacement. The system investigated was the 600‐year‐old Inyo chain of rhyolitic domes and flows in Long Valley, California (Figure 2). Three holes were drilled in or adjacent to Obsidian Dome at the north end of the chain, just outside the Long Valley caldera. One was drilled beneath the phreatic south Inyo Crater, at the south end of the chain in the west moat of the caldera.

The first hole was drilled in 1983 and penetrated the side of the lava dome, and continued into the underlying Tertiary basalt. The second hole, drilled in 1984, intersected and passed through the dome's vent and into Sierran granitic rock. The third hole, also drilled in 1984, sampled the rhyolitic feeder dike 1 km south of the dome's vent, where the magma did not reach the surface. The dike is part of the shallow dike system that underlies the Inyo chain.
BEPERS‐88: Sea Ice Remote Sensing With Synthetic Aperture Radar in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Leppäranta M. , Thompson T.
Published: October 2006

The Baltic Sea is a shallow, semi‐enclosed brackish water basin located in North Europe. Sea ice occurs there every winter, with the annual cover varying from 12 to 100%. There is a strong need for operational sea ice mapping due to intensive ship traffic assisted by 20–30 powerful icebreakers. Sea ice reports and charts are provided daily by ice services in all countries in the Baltic Sea area. In Finland and in Sweden, much effort is put into ice research in support of winter navigation [e.g., Leppdranta, 1986; Thompson, 1986].
Benefits of NSF work
Authors: Packard Ted
Published: October 2006

This fall I will leave my rotatorship as Associate Director for Chemical Oceanography at the National Science Foundation. I have very much enjoyed my duty and want to outline for those who may become “rotators” some of the job's benefits, since NSF is now seeking applicants to replace me. Batiza, Rea and Rumble [Eos, 69, 801, 1988] have discussed the rotator's experience; my comments supplement their points.

The most important benefit in working at NSF is the breadth of vision you acquire. This is important for researchers, because it pulls you away from your narrowly focused subfield and forces you to review again, as you did as a graduate student, your entire field. For teachers, this benefit is equally important, because you will keep up with current research even while away from teaching your up‐to‐date balanced courses. During my stay here I have reviewed proposals to study trace metals scavenging, gas exchange, sediment traps, biochemical cycling, stable and unstable isotopes, lipid biomarkers, sediment diagenesis, anoxic redox processes, and many other exciting topics. Some research areas, such as the vent and seep studies, had not been conceived when I was a graduate student in the sixties, so my experience here has been, in fact, a real sabbatical.
Remote sensing of hydrological fluxes
Authors: Gurney R. J.
Published: October 2006

Remote sensing is developing as a measurement technique to the point where data are starting to be used operationally in a quantitative way other than just in weather forecasting. In addition, many other uses of the data are being developed because of the sparseness of conventional data in many parts of the world. A recent session of AGU's Hydrology Section at the Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., featured discussions of some of the recent advances in the use of remotely sensed data to estimate hydrological fluxes.

Several papers dealt with remote sensing aspects of the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE), following another session of the Hydrology Section, which discussed nonremote sensing results from FIFE. S. N. Goward (University of Maryland, College Park) presented a review of empirical results from time series of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer at the FIFE site and their relationship to some conventional observations. He showed strong relationships between spectral vegetation indices and surface temperature with scatter being at least partly caused by surface moisture variations. Unraveling the relationships from a physical point of view will involve a greater understanding of atmospheric effects and surface properties from other concurrent measurements during FIFE. Similar relationships between spectral vegetation indices and surface temperature were observed and reported by C. L. Walthall (University of Maryland, College Park), who used a radiometer mounted on a helicopter to collect data at the FIFE site. This indicates that the relationships are not entirely due to atmospheric effects. M. F. Jasinski and P. S. Eagleson (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge) described a theoretical reflectance model for spectral vegetation indices in terms of ground cover that will be extremely useful in interpreting these experimental results. R. N. Halthore (Applied Research Corp., Landover, Md.) described some of the measurements of aerosols during FIFE, in a paper coauthored by R. S. Fraser (Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.), R. Ferrare (University of Maryland, Greenbelt) and T. O. Aro (University of Ilorin, Nigeria). Their results disagree with some others collected during FIFE by other investigators: all measurements have to be reconciled. J. R. Wang (Goddard) in a paper coauthored by J. C. Shiue (Goddard), T. J. Schmugge (USDA, Baltimore, Md.), and E. T. Engman (USDA, Beltsville, Md.) described some of the measurements of soil moisture made using an airborne L‐band passive microwave radiometer on the FIFE site. These estimates were shown to be replicable over several years, although there was some sensitivity to whether the vegetation in the area had been burned the previous year. All the FIFE investigators are now only starting to look at several sets of data of different types, and use them together, and to begin to look at the problem of relating observations taken at different spatial scales.