bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The herpetofauna of Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões, state of Piauí, Brazil, with a regional species list from an ecotonal area of Cerrado and Caatinga
Authors: Dal Vechio Francisco , Teixeira Jr. Mauro , Recoder Renato Sousa , Rodrigues Miguel Trefault , Zaher Hussam
Published: July 2016

Abstract Different physiognomies at Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSCo) were intensively sampled aiming to access the distribution pattern of its herpetofauna. Sixty six species were found in the park (47 reptiles and 19 amphibians); the rarefaction curve for lizards, although not fully stabilized in an asymptote, indicates that the sampling effort was enough to reveal most lizard species occurring in the area; and richness estimators recovered values close to observed. For amphibians, the curve shows a weak tendency to stabilization with richness estimators indicating that additional records could be done. Field work carried out at PNSCo has highlighted an unique herpetofauna: five new species were described and there are three candidates as new species. The regional list including Cerrados's units - Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins (EESGT) and Estação Ecológica de Uruçuí-Una (EEUU) with Caatinga's ones - PNSCo and Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSCa), shows a high herpetofaunal diversity (191 species) to the region. The cluster analysis recovered the Cerrados's units and Caatinga's ones, in separate clusters evidencing a species turnover between domains, despite its geographical proximity. Thus, although there is widespread fauna throughout region shared by the units, each reserve holds its own faunal identity, harboring a singular assemblage of species.
Evaluation of methods for stain removal in acrylic resin denture teeth: in vitro study
Authors: CASSIANO Ana Flávia Balestrero , LEITE Andressa Rosa Perin , POLICASTRO Vivian Barnabé , COMPAGNONI Marco Antonio , PERO Ana Carolina
Published: July 2016

Abstract Introduction The staining of artificial teeth can be related to the acrylic resin abrasion caused by brushing, resulting in higher deposition of dyes from the beverage, and consequently higher aesthetic damage. Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate methods for removal of stains from acrylic denture teeth using spectrophotometric analysis. Material and method Artificial teeth were divided into twelve groups (n=10) according to the type of treatment (re-polishing - Re or immersion in Corega Tabs - Sp), staining solutions, coffee (Cf) and Coca-Cola® (Cc) or water (W) and with/without toothbrushing (B). The Sp specimens were submitted to seven immersion cycles (5 min each). The Re specimens were polished with pumice stone followed by Spain white paste. Color differences (ΔE) were captured by a spectrophotometer: T0 (baseline), T1 (after brushing/immersion in solutions) and T2 (after Re or Sp). Result Statistically significant color change between T1 and T2 (paired T-test; α =.05) was observed for the group CfSp (p=.032); and for the groups BWRe (p=.000), BCfRe (p=.049) and CcRe (p=.042). Higher color changes were observed for the specimens submitted to toothbrushing (ANOVA two way; p<.001). Conclusion It could be concluded that the immersion in sodium perborate (Corega Tabs) can be used for removal of coffee stains from denture teeth, and re-polishing for removal of Coca-Cola® stains. Still, toothbrushing produced greater color changes on denture teeth, regardless of the immersion solution.
Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of a Valanginian carbonate succession from the Baja Guajira Basin, northern Colombia
Authors: Silva-Tamayo Juan Carlos , Ramirez Catalina , Lara Mario , Sial Alcides Nobrega , Trujillo David , Salazar Edward
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: The Kesima Member of the Palanz Formation constitutes the first record of Cretaceous marine sedimentation along the Baja Guajira Basin, northern Colombia. Sedimentologic and petrographic analyses suggest a deposition along a coral reef dominated rimmed carbonate platform. 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.707350 and 0.707400 suggest a Valanginian (136 - 132 Ma) depositional age for the Kesima Member. A positive anomaly on the δ13C values of ~2.2‰ suggests that this rimmed carbonate platform registered the Valanginian Weissert oceanic anoxic event. Although the Weissert oceanic anoxic event resulted on a major drowning of the Circum Tethyan carbonate platforms, it seems to have not affected those from the Circum Caribbean, where several shallow marine carbonate platform successions crop out. The Kesima Member displays a change from an organically produced carbonate factory into an inorganically produced, ooids dominated, carbonate factory during the peak of the Weissert event δ13C anomaly. This change in the carbonate factory, which may represent a major perturbation of the marine carbonate budget along tropical settings during the Weissert event, coincides with a major decrease in global sea level. Finally, the age of the Kesima Member is considerably older than that of other Cretaceous carbonate successions cropping out in other northern South America sedimentary basins (i.e. Perija-Merida, Cesar-Rancheria). Differences in the timing of the Cretaceous marine incursion along northern South America, together with the differences in the Triassic-Jurassic stratigraphy of several sedimentary basins in northern South America, suggest that the Baja Guajira and Maracaibo basins remained as an isolated tectonic block separated from northern South America after the breakup of Pangea.
Shale gas plays, Neuquén Basin, Argentina: chemostratigraphy and mud gas carbon isotopes insights
Authors: Ostera Héctor Adolfo , García Roberto , Malizia Daniel , Kokot Pablo , Wainstein Leonel , Ricciutti Marcelo
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: In order to enhance the knowledge of shale objectives from Vaca Muerta and Los Molles Formations in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina, chemostratigraphic and mud gas carbon isotope analyses were performed in two wells from Agua del Cajón and Salitral oilfields (ADC-1016 and NqSa-1148). Geochemical data show restricted levels in both cases to perforate and produce. In ADC-1016 well, Lower Los Molles Formation looks like the most suitable play to be produced. At El Salitral oilfield (NqSa-1148), the best remarkable Vaca Muerta-Quintuco objectives are associated with authigenic elements, in limited horizons. Enhancement of the Quintuco reservoir by deep circulating fluids (thermobaric reservoir) is suggested. Carbon isotope analysis reveals complex processes that affected the gas composition. Addition of microbial methane, biodegradation of ethane-propane and mixing of gases has been recognized. Isotope reversals and presumed water reforming of hydrocarbons have been registered associated with overpressure for Lower Los Molles Formation in the ADC-1016 well, which is pointed out as the most promising shale play in the area. Vaca Muerta gases at Agua del Cajon ADC- 1016 well are associated with the homonymous source. El Salitral 1148 well shows that primary isotope composition in gases from Vaca Muerta shale play and Quintuco reservoir could be associated with a Lower Los Molles source, an aloctonous charge related with the main structures of the area.
Lead isotope constraints on the mantle sources involved in the genesis of Mesozoic high-Ti tholeiite dykes (Urubici type) from the São Francisco Craton (Southern Espinhaço, Brazil)
Authors: Marques Leila Soares , Rocha-Júnior Eduardo Reis Viana , Babinski Marly , Carvas Karine Zuccolan , Petronilho Liliane Aparecida , De Min Angelo
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: The first results of Pb isotope compositions of the high-Ti Mesozoic dykes of the Southern Espinhaço are presented. The results do not show large variations and are significantly more radiogenic than the Pb isotope compositions of the high-Ti tholeiites from the Paraná Continental Flood Basalts. The data combined with published geochemical and Sr-Nd isotope results rule out crustal contamination processes in the genesis of the dykes, requiring magma generation in metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle with the involvement of HIMU-type and carbonatite components. The magmas may have been also derived from a mantle source containing ~4 - 5% of pyroxenite and ~1% of carbonatite melts, agreeing with published Os isotope compositions of high-Ti rocks from the Paraná Continental Flood Basalts. These metasomatizing agents could be responsible for mantle source refertilization, as was also proposed in the literature to explain the characteristics of xenoliths of the Goiás Alkaline Province, which also occurs in the border of the São Francisco Craton. Additionally, to evaluate the risks of Pb contamination during sample preparation for analysis, several experimental tests were accomplished, which indicate the need of sawed surface removal and a careful washing of small-sized rock fragments before powdering, especially for rocks with [Pb] < 7 µg/g.
U-Pb zircon ages of rocks from the Amazonas Territory of Colombia and their bearing on the tectonic history of the NW sector of the Amazonian Craton
Authors: Cordani Umberto Giuseppe , Sato Kei , Sproessner Walter , Fernandes Fabiana Santos
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: Here we report the results of several U-Pb zircon ages, made to generate an integrated history for the Rio Negro-Juruena tectonic province, for the northwestern part of the Amazonian Craton. This region comprises granitoid rocks, described as calc-alkaline syntectonic gneisses, granites and migmatites, affected by medium level amphibolite facies metamorphism. The new measurements, with the available Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages, indicate the formation of these rocks within a series of essentially juvenile magmatic arcs, that are closely related with subduction. Sm-Nd analyses indicate that all samples, regardless of their zircon ages, yielded TDM model ages roughly between 1.9 and 2.2 Ga, suggesting the absence of a much older source material. In the northeastern part (areas of Puerto Inírida and San Carlos), the Atabapo belt comprises rocks formed within a period of about 60 Ma, from 1800 to 1740 Ma. In the southwestern region, including the towns of Mitú and Iauaretê, the granitoids formed in the Vaupés belt between 1580 and 1520 Ma. Finally, the available K-Ar measurements indicate the onset of the Nickerie-K'Mudku intraplate heating event, with temperature above 300oC within the entire region at 1200 - 1300 Ma.
The tectonic significance of the Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain in the SE Brazilian margin: a Paleoproterozoic through Cretaceous saga of a reworked continental margin
Authors: Schmitt Renata da Silva , Trouw Rudolph , Van Schmus William Randall , Armstrong Richard , Stanton Natasha S. Gomes
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: The Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain is composed of a Paleoproterozoic basement tectonically interleaved with Neoproterozoic supracrustal rocks (Buzios-Palmital successions). It is in contact with the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Ribeira Orogen along the SE Brazilian coast. The basement was part of at least three continental margins: (a) 1.97 Ga; (b) 0.59 - 0.53 Ga; (c) 0.14 Ga to today. It consists of continental magmatic arc rocks of 1.99 to 1.94 Ga. Zircon cores show a 2.5 - 2.6 Ga inheritance from the ancient margin of the Congo Craton. During the Ediacaran, this domain was thinned and intruded by tholeiitic mafic dykes during the development of an oceanic basin at ca. 0.59 Ma. After the tectonic inversion, these basin deposits reached high P-T metamorphic conditions, by subduction of the oceanic lithosphere, and were later exhumed as nappes over the basement. The Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain collided with the arc domain of the Ribeira Orogen at ca. 0.54 Ga. It is not an exotic block, but the eastern transition between this orogen and the Congo Craton. Almost 400 m.y. later, the South Atlantic rift zone followed roughly this suture, not coincidently. It shows how the Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain was reactivated as a continental margin in successive extensional and convergent events through geological time.
Desempenho de Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) sobre ovos de Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Valente Ellen Carine Neves , Broglio Sônia Maria Forti , Passos Eliana Maria dos , Lima André Suêldo Tavares de
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) sobre ovos de Diatraea flavipennella e D. saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), assim como as características biológicas do parasitoide em ambos os hospedeiros, e elaborar a tabela de vida de fertilidade. Para isso, foram realizados testes com e sem chance de escolha e bioensaios para avaliar as características biológicas do parasitoide em ambos os hospedeiros. A tabela de vida de fertilidade foi elaborada por meio do parasitismo diário das fêmeas de T. galloi sobre os hospedeiros. Os resultados da percentagem de parasitismo em testes com chance de escolha mostraram uma melhor aceitação por parte de T. galloi quanto a ovos de D. flavipennella. Com relação aos parâmetros biológicos do parasitoide em ambas as espécies, não houve diferença significativa. Resultados da tabela de vida de fertilidade evidenciam que D. flavipennella e D. saccharalis permitem aumento populacional para T. galloi. O parasitoide T. galloi apresenta desempenho satisfatório em ambos os hospedeiros, sendo um potencial agente de controle para essas espécies.
Tratamento de sementes para manejo do percevejo-barriga-verde na cultura de soja e milho em sucessão
Authors: Chiesa Ana Carolina Montenegro , Sismeiro Mariana Nunes dos Santos , Pasini Amarildo , Roggia Samuel
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes com inseticidas sobre o manejo de Dichelops melacanthus e a produtividade da soja e do milho, cultivados em sucessão. O estudo foi realizado em campo, nas safras 2012/2013 (I) e 2013/2014 (II). Avaliaram-se os inseticidas imidacloprido, tiametoxam, tiodicarbe, fipronil e abamectina. Determinaram-se: a densidade populacional do percevejo, a produtividade de soja e milho, e a intensidade da injúria em milho. A densidade do percevejo permaneceu abaixo de um inseto por metro quadrado, na maior parte do ciclo da soja. Os picos populacionais foram observados nas primeiras semanas, após a emergência do milho, e atingiram 2,2 (safra I) e 6,7 (safra II) percevejos por metro quadrado. Na cultura da soja, os inseticidas não reduziram a densidade populacional do percevejo. Na cultura do milho, o imidacloprido reduziu a densidade do percevejo em 23,2% (safra I) e 38,8% (safra II), e a injúria em 61,8% (safra I) e 26,4% (safra II). O tiametoxam reduziu a densidade dos insetos em 27,8% (safra II) e a injúria em 42,7% (safra I). O tratamento de sementes com inseticidas não proporciona aumento de produtividade à soja e ao milho, portanto, não se justifica sua utilização nas condições deste estudo.
Tamanho de unidades experimentais básicas e tamanho ótimo de parcelas para nabo-forrageiro
Authors: Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Storck Lindolfo , Lúcio Alessandro Dal'Col , Toebe Marcos , Alves Bruna Mendonça
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência do tamanho da unidade experimental básica (UEB) sobre a estimativa do tamanho ótimo de parcela para a avaliação da massa de matéria fresca de nabo-forrageiro (Raphanus sativus). Dados de massa de matéria fresca de 3.456 unidades experimentais básicas de 0,5×0,5 m (0,25 m2) foram utilizados, tendo-se formado 36 planos de UEBs com tamanhos entre 0,25 e 16 m2. Para cada plano de UEB, determinou-se o tamanho ótimo de parcela, pelo método da curvatura máxima do modelo do coeficiente de variação. A diferença mínima significativa pelo teste de Tukey foi calculada para 2.016 cenários, formados pelas combinações entre 36 tamanhos ótimos de parcela - um para cada plano de UEB -, i tratamentos (i = 5, 10, 15 e 20) e r repetições (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15 e 20), tendo-se considerado tanto os delineamentos inteiramente casualizados como os de blocos ao acaso. O tamanho ótimo de parcela depende do tamanho da unidade experimental básica. Em ensaios de uniformidade com nabo-forrageiro, a avaliação da massa de matéria fresca deve ser feita em unidades experimentais básicas com o menor tamanho possível.
Desempenho produtivo de macieiras 'Royal Gala' e 'Fuji' submetidas a diferentes densidades de plantio e porta-enxertos
Authors: Pereira Adílson José , Pasa Mateus da Silveira
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da densidade de plantio e de porta-enxertos sobre o desempenho produtivo de macieiras 'Royal Gala' e 'Fuji'. O trabalho foi realizado de 1996 a 2007, com as cultivares Royal Gala e Fuji, na região de São Joaquim, SC. Os tratamentos consistiram de dois porta-enxertos (M9 e M26) e três densidades de plantio (1.667, 2.500 e 5.000 plantas por hectare), dispostos em arranjo fatorial 2x3, com seis tratamentos por cultivar. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O aumento da densidade de plantio aumenta a produtividade e diminui a produção e o número de frutos por planta, independentemente da cultivar. Além disso, o aumento da densidade de plantio reduz o vigor das plantas (seção transversal do tronco) e a massa de fruto. A produtividade induzida pelo M26 é maior do que a induzida pelo M9, porém, este produz frutos maiores em razão, possivelmente, da menor carga de frutos das plantas com esse porta-enxerto.
Tratamento térmico e químico para controle da atividade da poligalacturonase no albedo do maracujá
Authors: Ferreira Patrícia Rodrigues , Talma Simone Vilela , Martins Meire Lelis Leal , Silva Caroline Mellinger , Resende Eder Dutra de
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar tratamentos térmicos e químicos com Ca2+, no controle da atividade da poligalacturonase e de seus efeitos no rendimento de extração e no grau de esterificação da pectina do albedo da casca de maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis). Utilizaram-se cascas de frutos com coloração verde-clara, as quais foram lavadas, sanitizadas, trituradas e deixadas em repouso em água, para suspensão do albedo. O albedo foi recolhido e submetido à temperatura de 90oC a 30, 60 e 120 min, ou a concentrações de cálcio de 0,01 e 1% durante 1 hora de agitação de 400 rpm, em temperatura ambiente. Realizou-se, também, o tratamento térmico do extrato enzimático bruto obtido do albedo a 65, 75 e 85°C. O tratamento térmico do albedo a 90°C não inativou a poligalacturonase após 120 min. A inativação da enzima extraída do albedo ocorreu após incubação a 65, 75 e 85°C por 30, 20 e 10 min, respectivamente. O tratamento com íons de cálcio a 1% promoveu o bloqueio enzimático e a redução no conteúdo de ácidos urônicos livres (AUL) da pectina. O tratamento do albedo de maracujá com solução de 1% de Ca2+ por 1 hora inibe a atividade da poligalacturonase e reduz o conteúdo de AUL.
Ultrastructure study of Vanda Kasem's Delight orchid's protocorm-like body
Authors: Gnasekaran Pavallekoodi , Mahmood Maziah , Subramaniam Sreeramanan
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Growing orchids has been classified as an international business since it covers 8% of the world floriculture trade. Thus, large-scale micropropagation of orchid using tissue culture techniques and improvement of some essential traits, such as resistances to various diseases and pests, and tolerances to environmental stresses, such as low temperatures and low light intensities, via genetic engineering acknowledged the orchids as one of the top ten cut flowers. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) are excellent explants for clonal propagation, artificial seeds development and genetic engineering since they are organized and easily regenerable somatic embryos that propagate rapidly. Vanda Kasem's Delight hybrid orchid's PLBs derived from shoot tip culture were examined in order to understand the fundamental ultrastructure of PLB. Examination of the cross sections of PLB revealed that PLB is made of a discrete bipolar structure that contains anterior and posterior meristems. Actively dividing meristem cells and outer layer lined by several rows of small and isodiametric cells with a dense cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus were also observed via cytological studies. Scanning Electron Microscope investigations revealed that the surface of PLBs is occupied by vertically positioned branched trichome appendages and regularly spaced stomatal openings with two guard cells. Organelles such as mitochondria of various sizes, shapes and biconvex chloroplast in the cytoplasm were revealed by Transmission Electron Microscope analysis. Hence, inheriting actively dividing cells, and bestowed with elements related to transpiration, photosynthesis and energy synthesizing power house makes PLB a suitable explant for micropropagation and genetic engineering studies.
Influência do fósforo na qualidade e produtividade de tubérculos de cultivares de batata de duplo propósito
Authors: Fernandes Adalton M , Soratto Rogério P , Evangelista Regina M , Job André LG
Published: July 2016

Resumo Mesmo em áreas com teores mais elevados de fósforo (P) disponível no solo é comum observar a aplicação de doses deste nutriente, com o objetivo de aumentar a produtividade e o tamanho dos tubérculos de batata. Contudo, nesses casos não se sabe até que ponto o uso de elevadas doses de P pode afetar a produtividade e as características de qualidade dos tubérculos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência da adubação fosfatada sobre a produtividade e as características de qualidade dos tubérculos de cultivares de batata de duplo propósito, cultivadas em solos com baixo (14 mg/dm3), médio (36 mg/dm3) e alto (70 mg/dm3) teores de P disponível. Nos três solos, utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 2x5, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas cultivares de batata (Asterix e Markies) e cinco doses de P2O5 (0, 125, 250, 500 e 1.000 kg/ha). A cultivar Markies foi menos produtiva que a Asterix, mas com tubérculos de qualidade superior nas características firmeza, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH da polpa e teor de proteína. Em solo com baixa, média e alta disponibilidade de P, as produtividades de tubérculos comercializáveis, de ambas cultivares, foram incrementadas em 376%, 41% e 26%, respectivamente, até doses de máxima eficiência agronômica de 500, 255 e 239 kg/ha de P2O5. Sob baixa disponibilidade de P, a adubação fosfatada aumentou a massa média, a firmeza, o pH da polpa e o teor de amido, e diminuiu o teor de açúcares redutores dos tubérculos. Nos solos com maiores teores de P disponível, além de ter exercido menor influência sobre a produtividade e qualidade dos tubérculos, a adubação fosfatada aumentou os teores de açúcares redutores dos tubérculos até a dose de 453 kg/ha de P2O5, o que não é interessante para o processamento industrial da batata.
Determining the inheritance of agronomic traits in chili pepper
Authors: Bento Cíntia S , Rodrigues Rosana , Sudré Cláudia P , Medeiros Artur M , Mathias Vinícius AS , Gonçalves Leandro SA
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The Capsicum genus is widely studied in many countries but most of research focuses on C. annuum. Although its importance as potential genetic resource for breeding to disease resistance and fruit quality, studies on genetics and breeding in C. baccatum var. pendulum are still scarce and it still remains as an underexploited crop. This paper aimed to study the inheritance of agronomic characteristics, to estimate the genetic parameters for seven agronomic traits in C. baccatum var. pendulum, using generation mean analysis and to verify the existence of major genes and polygenes with additive and non-additive effects, using the method of maximum likelihood with the aid of Monogen software. The agronomic traits evaluated were: number of fruits per plant (NFP); average fruit mass per plant (AFM); fruit length (FRL); fruit diameter (FRD); fruit pulp thickness (FPT); soluble solids content (SSC) and fruit dry mass (FDM). There was a significant difference among generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) for all traits evaluated. Narrow sense heritability estimates ranged from 45% for NFP to 75% for FRD. By estimating the average degree of dominance (ADD), we found that partial dominance is the gene action involved in the genetic control for FRL and FRD, while additive effect was observed for NFP, FPT and SSC, complete dominance for FDM and overdominance for AFM. The additive-dominant model was sufficient to explain the results obtained for all evaluated traits. Maximum likelihood method identified the existence of polygenes with additive and dominance effects in SSC, FPT and FDM. Major gene effect was identified for FRL and NFP characteristics. The results indicated the complexity of the inheritance of these traits with the presence of major gene involved.
Potential of rosemary leaves and branches to enhance storage life of onion bulbs
Authors: Bina Fatemeh , Bostani Abdolamir , Talei Daryush
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Although its importance as vegetable, a considerable amount of onion bulbs is lost in storage. That's why storage condition is one of the most important issues to maintain post-harvest quality. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replicates was carried out. The factors were storage conditions of onion bulbs with five levels (4oC in the seed storage apparatus, 25 and 30oC without using rosemary leaves and branches in the incubator, and 25 and 30oC using rosemary leaves and branches in the incubator) and storage times with ten levels (10 consecutive weeks). The storage feedbacks of bulbs in terms of the weight loss (WL) and the average bud length (ABL) of bulbs were analyzed. The storage of bulbs at 25oC using rosemary fresh leaves and branches inside each bag of bulbs after 10 weeks resulted in the lowest weight loss and average bud length, and significantly controlled the post-harvest fungal rotting and improved the shelf life of bulbs. The findings of this study indicated the high potential of rosemary fresh leaves and branches, which can be considered as an alternative strategy to control post-harvest fungal rotting and to improve the storage life of bulbs considering its simplicity and efficacy in decreasing the storage cost, the weight loss and sprouting without causing any environmental toxicity.
Conservação pós-colheita de frutos de morangueiro em diferentes condições de armazenamento
Authors: Andrade Júnior Valter C , Guimarães Amanda G , Azevedo Alcinei M , Pinto Nísia AVD , Ferreira Marcos AM
Published: July 2016

RESUMO O morango é um produto muito apreciado pelos consumidores devido às características organolépticas. Porém, os frutos do morangueiro são altamente perecíveis depois de colhidos, sendo necessário adotar medidas alternativas para prolongar o período de conservação dos frutos. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de frutos de cultivares de morangueiro em diferentes condições de armazenamento. Os frutos de morangueiro utilizados no experimento foram cultivados na fazenda da empresa Mape Frutas, localizada no município de Datas-MG. Foram avaliados os frutos de oito cultivares (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande, Camarosa Diamante e Aromas). As condições de armazenamento e as análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomassa do Cerrado da UFVJM. As condições de armazenamento foram em câmara fria (temperatura média 2,34±0,78°C e umidade relativa 89,93±4,14%) e condições ambiente (temperatura média 17,43±2,68°C e umidade relativa 74,11±10,44%). As características foram analisadas por 12 dias, com avaliações a cada 3 dias: aparência, incidência de doenças, teores de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável total, vitamina C e firmeza. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial com oito cultivares de morangueiro e cinco tempos de armazenamento, com três repetições, avaliados separadamente nas duas condições de armazenamento. Em condições ambiente os frutos de morangueiro podem ser armazenados por no máximo três dias. O armazenamento em câmara fria proporciona maior conservação pós-colheita de frutos de morangueiro, podendo os frutos ser armazenados até doze dias. A cv. Festival apresentou melhor conservação pós-colheita nas duas condições de armazenamento, enquanto que as cvs. Toyonoka e Campinas apresentaram maior incidência de doenças e menor firmeza de frutos quando comparadas com as outras cultivares.
Condicionamento osmótico e desempenho de sementes de repolho com diferentes níveis de vigor
Authors: Armondes Kássia AP , Dias Denise CFS , Martínez Paola AH , Silva Laércio J , Hilst Paulo C
Published: July 2016

RESUMO O condicionamento osmótico de sementes vem sendo indicado como alternativa para uniformizar e acelerar a germinação e a emergência de plântulas, especialmente em hortaliças. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do condicionamento osmótico sobre o desempenho de lotes de sementes de repolho com diferentes níveis de vigor. Foram utilizadas sementes de quatro lotes de repolho, cultivar 60 dias. No primeiro ensaio, as sementes foram condicionadas em solução aerada de PEG 6000 a -1,0 MPa por 0, 2, 4 e 6 dias, a 20oC. As sementes de cada tratamento, submetidas ou não a secagem até atingir novamente o teor de água inicial, foram avaliadas mediante testes de germinação e de emergência de plântulas em casa de vegetação. Num segundo ensaio, sementes da mesma cultivar foram submetidas ao envelhecimento artificial a 42°C e 100% U.R. por 0, 24, 33 e 42 h e, em seguida, submetidas ao condicionamento em solução de PEG 6000 a -1,0 MPa, a 20oC, por seis dias, sendo secadas em seguida. O condicionamento osmótico em PEG 6000, a -1,0 MPa por seis dias, beneficia a germinação e o vigor de sementes de repolho, de maneira mais evidente em lotes de menor qualidade fisiológica.
Efeito do tipo de estaca na propagação de Turnera subulata
Authors: Coelho Maria FB , Azevedo Rodrigo AB
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Turnera subulata é uma espécie herbácea e ruderal, conhecida no Brasil como Chanana, Damiana ou Flor-do-Guarujá e tem amplo uso como ornamental e na medicina popular o que torna a espécie importante para o cultivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da posição da estaca na planta e presença ou ausência de folhas na propagação de T. subulata. No primeiro experimento foram avaliados os tratamentos a) estaca mediana com uma gema e sem folhas, b) com uma gema e duas folhas, c) com duas gemas e sem folhas e d) com duas gemas e duas folhas. No segundo experimento foram avaliadas estacas da posição apical, mediana e basal combinadas com presença e ausência de folhas. Foram avaliados o comprimento e número de raízes, número de folhas, massa seca de raízes, porcentagem de enraizamento e de sobrevivência. As estacas com duas gemas e duas folhas apresentaram maior comprimento de raiz (10,5 cm), número de raízes (18,5), número de folhas (6,6), massa seca da raiz (0,48 mg) e porcentagem de enraizamento (90%) e de sobrevivência (100%). As estacas basais com folhas apresentaram maior comprimento da raiz (10,5 cm), número de raízes (18,5) e de folhas (6,6), maior porcentagem de enraizamento (96,8%) e de sobrevivência (100%). Estacas com uma gema e estacas apicais apresentaram menor porcentagem de sobrevivência (em torno de 70%). Para a propagação de T. subulata recomenda-se o uso de estacas basais com duas folhas.
Prediction of soil suction using measured climatic data
Authors: Soltani Hoda , Muraleetharan Kanthasamy K , Bulut Rifat , Zaman Musharraf
Published: July 2016

This paper presents calibration and validation of a one-dimensional soil–atmosphere model created using the SVFlux software package for predicting soil suction changes based on the measured climate data at two Oklahoma Mesonet sites. The parameters for the soil water characteristic curves and the hydraulic conductivity function were obtained from published calibration studies conducted using laboratory test results on soil samples extracted from these sites. The plant cover quality, the root depth and the root uptake distribution function were first calibrated using 1-year data at one site. While a rectangular root uptake distribution function overpredicted suction at deeper layers, the triangular uptake distribution function overpredicted suction at shallower depths. In addition, reducing the root depth to 1 m improved the predictions at surface layers and led to overestimation of the suction at deeper layers. Based on the root mean squares of the differences between the simulated and the measured values and weighting the shallower depths more, a rectangular root uptake distribution function and a root depth of 1 m were selected to predict suction values at the calibration site and the second site for another year. Reasonable predictions of soil suction values at shallower depths were obtained at both sites.
EDITORIAL - THE EQUATOR NETWORK: WHY SHOULD RESEARCHERS, PEER REVIEWS, AND EDITORS CARE ABOUT THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL RESEARCH?
Authors: Lins Liliane
Published: July 2016

Access
Care of coral larvae in the lab v1
Authors: Rico Center for Environmental Neuroscience Puerto
Published: July 2016

This protocols describes materials needed and steps for maintaining coral larvae in the lab.
The V in VGI: Citizens or Civic Data Sources
Authors: Sangiambut Suthee , Sieber Renee
Published: July 2016

Volunteered geographic information (VGI), delivered via mobile and web apps, offers new potentials for civic engagement. If framed in the context of open, transparent and accountable governance then presumably VGI should advance dialogue and consultation between citizen and government. If governments perceive citizens as consumers of services then arguably such democratic intent elide when municipalities use VGI. Our empirical research shows how assumptions embedded in VGI drive the interaction between citizens and government. We created a typology that operationalises VGI as a potential act of citizenship and an instance of consumption. We then selected civic apps from Canadian cities that appeared to invoke these VGI types. We conducted interviews with developers of the apps; they were from government, private sector, and civil society. Results from qualitative semi-structured interviews indicate a blurring of consumer and citizen-centric orientations among respondents, which depended on motivations for data use, engagement and communication objectives, and sector of the respondent. Citizen engagement, an analogue for citizenship, was interpreted multiple ways. Overall, we found that government and developers may increase choice by creating consumer-friendly apps but this does not ensure VGI offers an act of civic participation. The burden is placed on the contributor to make it so. Apps and VGI could potentially further a data-driven and neoliberal government. Planners should be mindful of the dominance of a consumer-centric view even as they assume VGI invariably improves democratic participation.
Filtration of DNA Nucleotide Gene Expression Profiles in the Systems of Biological Objects Clustering
Authors: Babichev Sergii , Taif Mohamed Ali , Lytvynenko Volodymyr
Published: July 2016

Researches on an optimization of the filtration process of DNA nucleotides gene expression profiles are presented in the article. The data of lung cancer patients E-GEOD-68571 of Array Express database were used as experimental data. Filtration was carried out under the terms of the expression detecting of corresponding gene, herewith the variance of gene expression, the absolute value of expression and the Shannon entropy were used as criteria. The value of thresholding coefficient was estimated on the basis of average (of) proximity measure of objects within the homogenous group and between groups. 470 columns were removed in the process of data filtering, and the matrix dimension of the test data has changed from (96´7129) to (96´6659). Estimation of the quality of information processing was performed by the comparative analysis of the clustering results of processed and unprocessed data.
A Stochastic Growth Model for Cancer Cells under Mutation and Metastasis in an Organ
Authors: Jayabharathiraj J
Published: July 2016

This study has proposed a stochastic model for cancerous growth due to its metastasis in an organ. The birth-and-death and migration processes based on growth and loss rates of pathogenesis of malignant and normal cells are considered. It is assumed that the growth and loss/death rates of both normal and malignant cells follows Poisson processes. The joint probability generating functions in the form of partial differential equation along with statistical measures were derived in terms of system of ordinary differential equations. The Model behaviour was analysed by solving those differential equations and presented graphically.
A Phase Field Model for Binary Alloy Solidification with Boundary Interface Intersection
Authors: Liao Jie
Published: July 2016

A phase field model for binary alloy solidification with boundary interface intersection is developed. In the phase field model, the heat and solute conservation equations are appropriately modified to account for the presence of heat and solute rejection inside the diffuse interface, and a relaxation boundary condition for the phase field variable is introduced to balance the interface energy and boundary surface energy in the multiphase contact region. The thin interface asymptotic analysis is applied on the phase field model to yield the free interface problem with dynamic contact point condition.
Transgressing Power and Identity Re-Formation in Martin Amis's Money
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Marwan , Wan Yahya Wan Roselezam
Published: July 2016

Martin Amis's manipulation of the patriarchal concept of power is a notable indication of his transgressive attitudes that raise remarkable questions about the human identity. Transgressing power investigates the violation of the normal and familiar trends of literature in order to circulate a new discourse by which a new identity is reframed. Hence, the study of power in Martin Amis's novels, as an important technique of identity re-definition, is not taken into consideration in the light of Foucault's theory of power. The objective of this study is to examine the role applied by transgression as a technique of subverting the common discourse of power in the field of identity re-formation. The study investigates the concept of power manipulated in Amis'sMoneyto define the identity of the 'New Man'. Accordingly, the Foucauldian theory of power is taken as a framework of this study. The study reveals a conclusion in which the transgressive aspects of power are effectively utilized by Amis to re-define the identity of his protagonist in the novel. Although John Self-has finally lost his name and fortune, which are necessary demands to define one's self-in the patriarchal society, he finds his own new identity away from the materialistic norms of the common discourse.
Legal Duties for Restoration of Waterways and Wetlands
Authors: Gardner Alex , Jensen Jeanette
Published: July 2016

Many waterways and wetlands in south‐west Australia require significant restoration, including environmental water allocations to assure adequate flows of water. Flows diminished by decades of consumptive uses have dwindled dramatically with climate change. Restoration aspirations are more likely to be achieved if there are binding legal duties on public agencies to undertake restoration. While such a duty exists internationally, it does not nationally. We propose how this may be remedied.
Tear trough – Anatomy and treatment by autologous fat grafting
Authors: Chia Chang Yung
Published: July 2016

Tear trough is the main irregularity at midface, of which treatment is difficult. There is no agreement in literature about its anatomy and best treatment. The author presented an anatomical study and personal autologous fat grafting technique for tear trough treatment. Anatomical dissections were done on two fresh cadavers to examine the skin, subcutaneous, muscle and bone layers, spaces, and attachments. Safety and efficacy were evaluated via retrospective analysis of the last 200 consecutive procedures performed by the author. Tear trough is caused by the abrupt transition of the palpebral orbicular oculi muscle (OOM) (i.e., thin skin without subcutaneous fat compartment) to the orbital OOM (i.e., thicker skin with malar fat compartment). The tear trough region is located at the OOM bony origin at the medial canthus where no specific ligament was found. The grafted fat volume stabilized at two or three months after the procedure, instead of six months as stated in literature, with excellent results and no severe complications. Tear trough is a personal characteristic, a natural anatomical depression caused by subcutaneous irregularity and can worsen with age. The lack of volume is not effectively corrected by surgeries and thus it must be filled. Fat grafting has several advantages over alloplastic fillers, although it may be more difficult. Fat graft is autologous and abundant, and tissue transplantation could enhance skin quality. Fat grafting is a simple, safe, and effective solution for adding extra volume to correct the deflation phenomenon of the midface aging process. There is no specific anatomical plane for volume injection; the fat graft must be evenly distributed in the deep and superficial plane for uniformity.
Population Structures in Russia: Optimality and Dependence on Parameters of Global Evolution
Authors: Yegorov Yuri
Published: July 2016

The paper is devoted to analytical investigation of the division of geographical space into urban and rural areas with application to Russia. Yegorov (2005, 2006, 2009) has suggested the role of population density on economics. A city has an attractive potential based on scale economies. The optimal city size depends on the balance between its attractive potential and the cost of living that can be approximated by equilibrium land rent and commuting cost. For moderate scale effects optimal population of a city depends negatively on transport costs that are related positively with energy price index.

The optimal agricultural density of population can also be constructed. The larger is a land slot per peasant, the higher will be the output from one unit of his labour force applied to this slot. But at the same time, larger farm size results in increase of energy costs, related to land development, collecting the crop and bringing it to the market.

In the last 10 years we have observed substantial rise of both food and energy prices at the world stock markets. However, the income of farmers did not grow as fast as food price index. This can shift optimal rural population density to lower level, causing migration to cities (and we observe this tendency globally). Any change in those prices results in suboptimality of existing spatial structures.

If changes are slow, the optimal infrastructure can be adjusted by simple migration. If the shocks are high, adaptation may be impossible and shock will persist. This took place in early 1990es in the former USSR, where after transition to world price for oil in domestic markets existing spatial infrastructure became suboptimal and resulted in persistent crisis, leading to deterioration of both industry and agriculture.

Russia is the largest country but this is also its problem. Having large resource endowment per capita, it is problematic to build sufficient infrastructure. Russia has too low population density and rural density declines further due to low fertility and migration to cities. Those factors limited the growth of the USSR, but after the economic reforms of 1990s the existing infrastructure became exposed to permanent shock of high transport costs. Due to large distances it is optimal to return to gasoline and thus transport subsidy. This will work also against disintegration of the country.
The Naturalization of U.S. Immigrants: Why Citizenship Rates Differ by State
Authors: Woroby Tamara , Groves Melissa
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates the extent to which the geographic region in which an immigrant resides influences the propensity to naturalize, by specifically analyzing the variation in U.S. immigrant citizenship rates across states.  By merging Census data with other forms of publically available state level data, we are able to better understand why state naturalization rates in the U.S. vary so dramatically, from a low of about 30% to a high of almost 60%.   We find that while applying for citizenship is an individual decision, both institutional and group variables influence this decision.  Consistent with prior research, our results indicate that a more favorable economic environment is correlated with higher naturalization rates and that the clustering of Mexicans discourages naturalization.  Unique to the literature, our results also indicate that states that are more socially and politically welcoming to immigrants have statistically higher rates of naturalization, and that there are no significant negative effects on naturalization rates in states with larger numbers of undocumented immigrants. Our research contributes to the growing body of literature on naturalization decisions and supports the proposition that attitudes towards immigrants, be they authorized or undocumented, influence the extent to which the foreign born will choose to become fuller participants in U.S. society.
Podejścia do błędów i ich poprawy we współczesnej glottodydaktyce
Authors: Rabiej Agnieszka
Published: July 2016

Błędy są nieodłącznym elementem procesu uczenia się języków, ale także kontrowersyjnym zagadnieniem, szeroko dyskutowanym w środowisku badaczy zajmujących się akwizycją oraz dydaktyką językową. Niniejszy artykuł omawia zarówno pojęcie błędu, jego źródła i ogólną typologię, jak i sposoby traktowania błędu we współczesnej metodyce nauczania języków obcych. Przedstawione zostały eksplicytne oraz implicytne techniki dostarczania informacji zwrotnej i reakcji na błędy, popełniane przez uczących się języków obcych, a także rezultaty wybranych badań z zakresu analizy efektywności stosowania korektury i udzielania informacji zwrotnej w warunkach szkolnych.
Udział wykładowcy i studentów w eliminowaniu błędów językowych na zajęciach z niemiecko-polskich tłumaczeń ustnych
Authors: Wojaczek Ewa
Published: July 2016

W niniejszym artykule podejmuję próbę optymalizacji metod eliminowania błędów językowych, jakie popełniane są najczęściej przez studentów germanistyki na zajęciach z niemiecko-polskich tłumaczeń ustnych. Przedstawione tu propozycje bazują na moim wieloletnim doświadczeniu zawodowym nauczyciela akademickiego oraz tłumacza. W procesie korygowania błędów językowych staram się na bieżąco zwracać uwagę studentów na błędy językowe, jakie popełniają oni w trakcie prowadzonych przeze mnie zajęć tłumaczeniowych. Nie koryguję jednak ich błędów sama, lecz angażuję do tej korekty przede wszystkim samych studentów, gdyż uważam, że tylko w ten sposób mogą oni zyskać pełną świadomość popełnianych przez siebie błędów. Ma to bowiem według mnie bardzo istotne znaczenie w dążeniu do optymalizacji poprawności tłumaczenia oraz w dbałości o poprawność językową, tym bardziej że studenci popełniają błędy niestety także w języku polskim, który dla przeważającej większości jest językiem ojczystym.