bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of the genera Norellisoma Hendel and Milania Šifner (Diptera: Scathophagidae) from Japan, with description of a new species
Authors: Iwasa Mitsuhiro , Sasaki Hitoshi
Published: July 2022

The Japanese species of the genera Norellisoma Hendel, 1910 and Milania Šifner, 2010 of the Scathophagidae are reviewed. Of the three species of Norellisoma, N. ezoensis sp. nov. is described as new to science from Hokkaido, northern Japan. Generic redefinition of Milania and redescriptions of M. agrion (Séguy) and M. longiabdomina (Sun) are presented together with figures of diagnostic characteristics. A key to the Japanese species of Norellisoma and Milania is also provided.
Rheological properties and preclinical data of novel hyaluronic acid filler containing epidermal growth factor
Authors: Shin Sun Hye , Roh Yoon Jin , Jin Soo Chang , Hong Eun Pyo , Park Jun Kyu , Li Kapsok , Seo Seong Jun , Park Kui Young
Published: July 2022

Recently, a novel hyaluronic acid (HA) filler containing the epidermal growth factor (EGF) was developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rheological properties, preclinical efficacy and biocompatibility of the EGF‐containing HA filler (HA–EGF filler) using a photoaged mouse model. The rheological properties of the new HA–EGF filler were assessed. Twenty‐four female hairless mice (SKH1) underwent photoaging induction with 8 weeks of ultraviolet‐B irradiation. The mice were randomly divided into four groups and intradermally injected 100 μl of phosphate‐buffered saline, HA–EGF filler, HA filler or polynucleotide (PN) into the dorsal region. We examined the effect of fillers on photoaged skin by dermoscopic examination. Furthermore, histological evaluation with immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the biocompatibility and collagen formation at the 10th week. A real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blot test assessed the expression of collagen I/III, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and transforming growth factor. The viscosity and elasticity of the HA–EGF filler were lower than those of the HA filler. Histological evaluation revealed no significant differences in the collagen synthesis between the HA–EGF, HA and PN filler groups. No inflammation was observed during the experimental period. The HA–EGF filler induced type I/III collagen production and downregulated the expression of MMP‐1, 3 and 9. Our results suggest that the novel HA–EGF filler may be an additional therapeutic option for photoaged skin, which works by inducing collagen synthesis. Based on these preclinical results, further well‐controlled clinical studies are required.
The past, present, and future of coral reef growth in the Florida Keys
Authors: Toth Lauren T. , Courtney Travis A. , Colella Michael A. , Kupfner Johnson Selena A. , Ruzicka Robert R.
Published: July 2022

Coral‐reef degradation is driving global‐scale reductions in reef‐building capacity and the ecological, geological, and socioeconomic functions it supports. The persistence of those essential functions will depend on whether coral‐reef management is able to rebalance the competing processes of reef accretion and erosion. Here, we reconstructed census‐based carbonate budgets of 46 reefs throughout the Florida Keys from 1996 to 2019. We evaluated the environmental and ecological drivers of changing budget states and compared historical trends in reef‐accretion potential to millennial‐scale baselines of accretion from reef cores and future projections with coral restoration. We found that historically, most reefs had positive carbonate budgets, and many had reef‐accretion potential comparable to the ~3 mm year−1 average accretion rate during the peak of regional reef building ~7000 years ago; however, declines in reef‐building Acropora palmata and Orbicella spp. corals following a series of thermal stress events and coral disease outbreaks resulted in a shift from positive to negative budgets for most reefs in the region. By 2019, only ~15% of reefs had positive net carbonate production. Most of those reefs were in inshore, Lower Keys patch‐reef habitats with low water clarity, supporting the hypothesis that environments with naturally low irradiance may provide a refugia from thermal stress. We caution that our estimated carbonate budgets are likely overly optimistic; comparison of reef‐accretion potential to measured accretion from reef cores suggests that, by not accounting for the role of nonbiological physical and chemical erosion, census‐based carbonate budgets may underestimate total erosion by ~1 mm year−1 (−1.15 kg CaCO3 m−2 year−1). Although the present state of Florida's reefs is dire, we demonstrate that the restoration of reef‐building corals has the potential to help mitigate declines in reef accretion in some locations, which could allow some key ecosystem functions to be maintained until the threat of global climate change is addressed.
High‐performance fabricated nano‐adsorbents as emerging approach for removal of mycotoxins: a review
Authors: Song Chenggang , Qin Jianchun
Published: July 2022

Mycotoxins are highly toxic secondary metabolites produced by food‐borne fungi that can contaminate food and feed. The occurrence of mycotoxins in contaminated foodstuff can lead to serious health risks for both humans and animals, and this has attracted research interest in developing novel approaches to decontaminate mycotoxins for food safety. One of the effective ways to prevent food contamination against mycotoxins is based on efficiency adsorption. The removal of adsorbents in different food samples is a challenge that if addressed properly would enable us to overcome the contamination of multi‐mycotoxins. Recently, nano‐adsorbents and their various combinations seem to be a promising tool for capturing and removing mycotoxins from contaminated samples thanks to their excellent performance. Therefore, we have reviewed the latest literature on nano‐adsorbents based on graphene derivatives, nanoclays, inorganic hybrid nanocomposite and metal–organic frameworks for the removal of fungal toxins at both academic and industrial levels. Their synthesis, performance, security and adsorption mechanisms were summarised systematically in this study. Our work aims to provide an extensive overview of nano‐adsorbents for mycotoxin elimination, present the limitations in current research and inspire the instructive research focus on mycotoxins control in the future.
Flexible bronchoscopy indications and outcomes between indigenous and non‐indigenous patients in the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Seyedshahabedin Mohammad M. , Howarth Timothy P. , Mo Lin , Biancardi Edwina , Heraganahally Subash S.
Published: July 2022

Background

There is sparse evidence in the literature in relation to indications and outcomes among adult indigenous patients requiring a flexible bronchoscopy (FB). In this study, FB indications and outcomes between indigenous and non‐indigenous patients were assessed.

Aim

To assess the similarities and differences of FB indications and outcomes between indigenous and non‐indigenous patients.

Methods

Self‐reported indigenous status, resident locality and the primary indication for FB were assessed. The FB procedures details, results of microbiology, cytology and histopathology were compared between indigenous and non‐indigenous patients. Chest computed tomography (CT) was also analysed for its relationship to FB outcomes.

Results

Of the 403 patients, 111 (28%) were indigenous, and indigenous patients were younger (mean difference 11 years) and had a higher proportion of remote residence (70% vs 13%). Malignancy (40%) and infection (31%) were the most common indications for FB, although indigenous patients reported significantly more haemoptysis (15% vs 9%). No differences were noted in findings of the preceding chest CT scans. For positive microbiology, indigenous patients had a higher presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (30% vs 9%), while non‐indigenous patients had a higher presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (43% vs 11%) and mycobacteria (15% vs 4%). There was no significant difference between indigenous and non‐indigenous patients for a positive histopathology, particularly for a diagnosis of lung malignancy (58% vs 54%).

Conclusions

This study has demonstrated that adult indigenous patients requiring a FB are significantly younger, tend to reside in remote communities and demonstrate differing microbiology with no significant difference in the diagnostic outcomes for lung malignancy. Ethnic status or remoteness should not preclude indigenous patients to undergo a FB if clinically indicated.
High fidelity dialectical behaviour therapy online: Learning from experienced practitioners
Authors: Lakeman Richard , Hurley John , Campbell Katrina , Hererra Claudia , Leggett Andrew , Tranter Richard , King Peter
Published: July 2022

Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder and other problems underpinned by difficulties with emotional regulation. The main components of DBT are skills training groups and individual therapy. The COVID‐19 outbreak forced a rapid adaptation to online delivery, which largely mirrored face‐to‐face programmes using videoconferencing technology. This study aimed to elicit and describe the experiences and learning of therapists involved in providing high‐fidelity DBT programmes via the Australian DBT Institute, which established an online delivery platform called DBT Assist™ prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The report conforms with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). Seven therapists were interviewed. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Delivering skills training online, either exclusively or in hybrid form (with face‐to‐face individual therapy), was acceptable and even preferable to therapists and clients. It was considered safe, the programme was associated with few non‐completers, and it improved the accessibility of DBT to those who might otherwise not be able to engage in a face‐to‐face programme. Skills training utilized a ‘flipped‐learning’ approach which improved the efficiency of online delivery. Other unique and helpful features of the online programme were described. The best outcomes associated with online DBT are likely to be achieved through careful adaptation to the online environment in accord with the principles of DBT rather than mirroring face‐to‐face processes. Further research is required to determine the efficacy of online therapy relative to face‐to‐face, and who might be best suited to different modes of delivery.
New records of rare deep‐sea fishes (Teleostei) collected from off north‐eastern Brazil, including seamounts and islands of the Fernando de Noronha Ridge
Authors: Mincarone Michael Maia , Eduardo Leandro Nolé , Di Dario Fabio , Frédou Thierry , Bertrand Arnaud , Lucena‐Frédou Flávia
Published: July 2022

Here we report on new data on the occurrence and distribution of rare deep‐sea fishes (Teleostei) collected from off north‐eastern Brazil, including seamounts and oceanic islands of the Fernando de Noronha Ridge (Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago). Collections were made by the French RVAnteaduring the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions between 29 September and 21 October 2015, and 9 April and 10 May 2017. Occurrences ofPhotostylus pycnopterus(Alepocephalidae),Gigantura chuni(Giganturidae),Ahliesaurus berryi(Notosudidae),Benthalbella infans,Rosenblattichthys hubbsi,Scopelarchoides danae(Scopelarchidae),Scopelengys tristis(Neoscopelidae),Zu cristatus(Trachipteridae),Stylephorus chordatus(Stylephoridae) andPseudoscopelus cordilluminatus(Chiasmodontidae) are reported for the first time or confirmed in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone.Photostylus pycnopterusandG. chuniare also recorded for the first time in the western South Atlantic, whereas records ofP. cordilluminatusare the first in the western Atlantic. Other records of rare species of those families are also reported and discussed.
Genome‐wide binding analysis of transcription factor Rice Indeterminate 1 reveals a complex network controlling rice floral transition
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Deng Li , Zhao Lun , Wu Changyin
Published: July 2022

RICE INDETERMINATE 1 (RID1) plays a critical role in controlling floral transition in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the molecular basis for this effect, particularly the target genes and regulatory specificity, remains largely unclear. Here, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP‐seq) in young leaves at the pre‐floral‐transition stage to identify the target genes of RID1, identifying 2,680 genes associated with RID1 binding sites genome‐wide. RID1 binding peaks were highly enriched for TTTGTC, the direct binding motif of the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN protein family that includes RID1. Interestingly, CACGTG and GTGGGCCC, two previously uncharacterized indirect binding motifs, were enriched through the interactions of RID1 with the novel flowering‐promoting proteins OsPIL12 and OsTCP11, respectively. Moreover, the ChIP‐seq data demonstrated that RID1 bound to numerous rice heading‐date genes, such as HEADING DATE 1 (HD1) and FLAVIN‐BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F‐BOX 1 (OsFKF1). Notably, transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis revealed roles of RID1 in diverse developmental pathways. Genetic analysis combined with genome‐wide ChIP‐seq and RNA‐seq results showed that RID1 directly binds to the promoter of OsERF#136 (a repressor of rice flowering) and negatively regulates its expression. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying rice floral transition and characterize OsERF#136 as a previously unrecognized direct target of RID1.
Digital exchange compromises: Teetering priorities of consumers and organizations at the iron triangle
Authors: LaBarge Monica C. , Walker Kristen L. , Azzari Courtney Nations , Bourassa Maureen , Catlin Jesse , Finkelstein Stacey , Gloukhovtsev Alexei , Leonhardt James , Martin Kelly , Rejowicz‐Quaid Maria , Reshadi Mehrnoosh
Published: July 2022

Societal well‐being is challenged by the complexity and intangibility of the compromises inherent in digital exchanges. Increasingly these exchanges rely on technology, with competing priorities that challenge cooperation and communication among key parties involved. The authors examine the factors that drive tensions between consumers and organizations in digital exchanges, as well as how and why interest groups, lawmakers, and bureaucrats (also known as the “iron triangle”) try to mediate these exchanges through policy and regulation. By explicating the nature of these relationships, the authors illustrate various trade‐offs faced by all parties and depict a novel, comprehensive framework to facilitate holistic assessment of the factors underlying these ubiquitous but complex digital relationships with vague ethical stewardship. This framework serves as a lens to help guide business and regulatory policymaking and as a platform for identifying future research opportunities.
Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection at a large urban emergency department
Authors: Ford James S. , Hollywood Erika , Steuble Bradley , Meng Zichun , Voong Stephanie , Chechi Tasleem , Tran Nam , May Larissa
Published: July 2022

In 2020, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released guidelines recommending HCV screening in all adults 18 years and older. In the current study, we aimed to identify risk factors for HCV infection in an ED population. We performed a retrospective analysis of ED patients ≥ 18 years who were screened for HCV between 28 November 2018, and 27 November 2019, at a single urban, quaternary referral academic hospital. An HCV‐antibody immunoassay (HCV‐Ab) was used for screening; positive results were confirmed by measuring HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA). The outcome of interest was the number of new HCV diagnoses (presence of viremia by HCV RNA testing). Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with a new HCV diagnosis. 16,722 adult patients were screened for HCV (mean age: 46 ± 15 years; 51% female). HCV seroprevalence was 5%. Independent risk factors for HCV included increasing age [10‐year aOR 1.26 (95% CI 1.23, 1.30)], male sex [aOR 1.25 (95% CI 1.03, 1.51)], undomiciled housing status [aOR 2.8 (95% CI 2.3, 3.5)], history of tobacco use [aOR 3.0 (95% CI 2.3, 3.9)], history of illicit drug use [aOR 3.6 (95% CI 2.9, 4.5)], Medicaid insurance status [aOR 4.0 (95% CI 2.9, 5.5)] and Medicare insurance status [aOR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1, 2.2)].The ED services a high‐risk population with regards to HCV infection. These data support universal screening of ED patients for HCV. Risk factor profiles could improve targeted screening at institutions without universal testing protocols.
Evaluation of aerodigestive disease and diagnosis of sliding hiatal hernia in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs
Authors: Luciani Elizabeth , Reinero Carol , Grobman Megan
Published: July 2022

Background

Aerodigestive diseases (AeroD), hybrid disorders between the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, may present without GI signs. Sliding hiatal hernia (sHH) is an important AeroD in brachycephalic dogs linked to respiratory pathology. The spectrum of other AeroD and respiratory clinical signs (CS) in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs with sHH is unknown.

Objectives

Characterize CS of AeroD in dogs with sHH, compare CS between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs, and compare thoracic radiographs and videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) for diagnosing sHH.

Animals

Sixty‐seven client‐owned dogs with sHH.

Methods

Medical records of dogs with sHH presented to the veterinary teaching hospitals at Auburn University and the University of Missouri between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Between group, comparisons were made using Mann‐Whitney test, Chi‐square analysis, and Spearman correlation (P < .05).

Results

Dogs with sHH presented with exclusively GI signs (28/67), mixed respiratory and GI signs (22/67), or with exclusively respiratory signs (17/67). Wheras brachycephalic dogs were not significantly more likely to present with respiratory CS (P = .145), they were younger (P < .001), and more likely to present in respiratory distress (P = .02), and with radiographic evidence of aspiration pneumonia (P < .001) compared to nonbrachycephalic dogs. Six of 12 dogs with normal thoracic radiographs having sHH presented with respiratory CS. For detection of sHH, VFSS was superior to radiographs (P < .001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Dogs with sHH may present with exclusively respiratory signs. Respiratory signs may be more severe in brachycephalic compared to nonbrachycephalic dogs. Videofluoroscopic swallow study was superior to thoracic radiographs for detection of sHH in dogs.
Multicentered masked placebo‐controlled phase 2 clinical study of an extended duration transdermal buprenorphine solution for postoperative pain in cats
Authors: Clark Terrence P. , Linton Deborah D. , Freise Kevin J. , Lin Ting‐Li
Published: July 2022

A prospective, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, multicentered phase 2 clinical study was conducted to select the transdermal buprenorphine solution (TBS) dosage for the control of postoperative pain in cats. One‐hundred fifteen (115) cats were randomized to a single topical dose of placebo solution, low‐TBS dosage (1.91–2.07 mg/kg) or high‐TBS dosage (4.27–4.88 mg/kg) prior to surgical reproductive sterilization in conjunction with forelimb onychectomy. The low‐ and high‐TBS doses were applied 2–4 and 1–2 hours prior to surgery. Interactive pain assessments and physiological variables were quantified through 96 hours post‐anesthetic recovery and rescue analgesia was administered any time that analgesia was considered inadequate. Cats requiring rescue analgesia were considered treatment failures. The estimated overall treatment success rates from generalized linear mixed effects model analysis were 0.10 (95% CI: [0.02–0.36]), 0.56 (95% CI: [0.25–0.83]), 0.71 (95% CI: [0.38–0.91]) in the placebo‐, low‐, and high‐TBS dose groups, respectively. Success rates for both TBS treatment groups were superior to placebo. Adverse events were infrequent in all treatment groups although the postoperative body temperatures over the duration of the study were on average 0.31 (95% CI: [0.08–0.55]) and 0.30 (95% CI: [0.05–0.53]) °C higher in low‐ and high‐TBS dose cats, respectively, compared to placebo. It is concluded that both the low‐ and high‐TBS dosages were safe and effective. The high‐TBS dosage resulted in a greater proportion of treatment successes over 96 h, had a more acceptable preoperative application time of 1–2 h prior to surgery, and was therefore selected for further study.
Multicentered masked placebo‐controlled phase 3 clinical study of an extended duration transdermal buprenorphine solution for post‐operative pain in cats
Authors: Clark Terrence P. , Linton Deborah D. , Freise Kevin J. , Lin Ting‐Li
Published: July 2022

A prospective, double masked, placebo‐controlled, multicentered phase 3 clinical study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transdermal buprenorphine solution (TBS) for the control of post‐operative pain in cats. A total of 228 cats from 12 US investigational sites met the enrollment criteria of which 107 placebo‐ and 112 TBS‐treated cats were included into the per protocol efficacy analysis. The dose of TBS was 8 mg (0.4 ml) to cats 1.2 to 3 kilograms and 20 mg (1 ml) to cats >3 to 7.5 kilograms applied topically to the dorsal unclipped cervical skin 1–2 h prior to the undergoing elective surgical reproductive sterilization in conjunction with forelimb onychectomy. Interactive pain assessments and physiological variables were quantified through 96 h following recovery from anesthesia, and rescue analgesia was administered any time that pain control was scored inadequate. Cats requiring rescue analgesia or experiencing an adverse event suspected to be treatment related were considered treatment failures. Sixty‐five and 23 cats were considered treatment failures in the placebo and TBS groups, respectively, with most occurring on the day of surgery. The treatment success rates were 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.28–0.53]) and 0.81 (95% CI: [0.70–0.89]) in the placebo and TBS groups, respectively, and the difference was significant (p < .05). Adverse events occurred at a similar frequency and were not clinically meaningful in either treatment group. The post‐operative body temperatures over the duration of the study were on average 0.35 (95% CI: [0.20–0.50]) °C higher than baseline in TBS‐treated cats and were not clinically meaningful, an observation typical of opioids in cats. These results serve as substantial evidence that TBS is safe and effective for the control of orthopedic and soft tissue post‐operative pain in cats when a single topical dose is applied 1–2 h prior to surgery.
Spectral reflectance variations of aubrites, metal‐rich meteorites, and sulfides: Implications for exploration of (16) Psyche and other “spectrally featureless” asteroids
Authors: Dibb Steven D. , Bell James F. , Garvie Laurence A. J.
Published: July 2022

The 350–2500 nm reflectance spectra of five enstatite achondrites (aubrites), five metal‐rich chondrites (CBa, CBb, CH/CBb, and ungrouped), and seven sulfide mineral samples (three troilites, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, a mixture of pentlandite and chalcopyrite, and oldhamite) have been measured to search for spectral parameters that may offer insight into the surface composition of so‐called “spectrally featureless” asteroids. Spectral data were acquired from powders, slabs, and hand samples. Aubrites exhibit high reflectance, generally positive slopes at visible wavelengths, and low‐to‐negative infrared slopes, consistent with E‐/Xe‐type asteroids. The metal‐rich chondrites exhibit low reflectance, moderate visible slopes, and low near‐infrared slopes, somewhat consistent with M−/X‐complex asteroids. The metal‐rich chondrites exhibit absorption features at ~900 nm arising from Fe2+‐bearing silicates. Sulfides exhibit low to moderate reflectance and high visible and near‐infrared slope, intermediate to the T‐ and L‐type asteroids. The D‐type asteroids, which have high visible and near‐infrared slopes, are not well‐matched by sulfides. Spectral data of the largest M−/X‐type asteroid, (16) Psyche, are consistent with both powder from the Isheyevo CH/CBb chondrite and powder of meteoritic troilite. The data presented here will support interpretation of data returned from future spacecraft missions to “spectrally featureless” asteroids, like the Psyche, Lucy, and DART/Hera missions.
Taxonomic remarks on the south‐east European and west Turkish Silene lydia (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio
Published: July 2022

Molecular analyses have shown that Silene lydia, a south‐east European and west Turkish species, belongs to the Conoimorpha‐clade, also including taxa distributed from the Mediterranean area to southwest‐central Asia. However, cytological data and a morphological comparison between S. lydia and members of S. sect. Conoimorpha (with the exclusion of S. multinervia, recently transferred to S. sect. Californicae), show that S. lydia is distinguished by both vegetative (apex of cauline leaves) and reproductive (flower number per inflorescence, calyx hairiness, calyx length and corolla and petal insertion) characters. It is therefore proposed to treat S. lydia as a member of a new monotypic subsection and, thus, S. sect. Conoimorpha subsect. Lydiae, comb. et stat. nov. (type: S. lydia) is here proposed. Furthermore, the names S. lydia and S. harrisii are lectotypified by specimens preserved at G and K, respectively.
Glucose sensing by regulator of G protein signaling 1 (RGS1) plays a crucial role in coordinating defense in response to environmental variation in tomato
Authors: Wang Jiao , Wang Anran , Luo Qian , Hu Zhangjian , Ma Qiaomei , Li Yimei , Lin Teng , Liang Xiao , Yu Jingquan , Foyer Christine H. , Shi Kai
Published: July 2022

Low light intensities affect the outbreak of plant diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.

High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) revealed that apoplastic glucose (Glc) levels decreased in response to low light. Conversely, low‐light‐induced susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 was significantly alleviated by exogenous Glc treatment. Using cell‐based biolayer interferometry assays, we found that Glc specifically binds to the tomato regulator of G protein signaling 1 (RGS1). Laser scanning confocal microscopy imaging revealed that Glc triggers RGS1 endocytosis, which influences the uncoupling of the RGS1‐Gα (GPA1) and GPA1‐Gβ (SlGB1) proteins, in a dose‑ and duration‐dependent manner.

Analysis of G protein single and double mutants revealed that RGS1 negatively regulates disease resistance under low light and is required for Glc‐enhanced defense. Downstream of RGS1‐Glc binding, GPA1 negatively mediates the light‐intensity‐regulated defense, whereas SlGB1 positively regulates this process.

These results reveal a novel light‐intensity‐responsive defense system that is mediated by a Glc–RGS1–G protein signaling pathway. This information will be critical for future investigations of how plant cells sense extracellular sugars and adjust defense under different environments, as well as for genetic engineering approaches to improve stress resilience.
Covid‐19 in America: Global supply chain reconsidered
Authors: Ngo Christine Ngoc , Dang Huong
Published: July 2022

This research asks: To what extent has America's reliance on the global supply network aggravated the country's public health and economic crisis; and how did the American government respond to supply chain weaknesses during the early years of the Covid‐19 pandemic? This study first assesses important conceptual considerations that explain the expansion of global value chains and the growth of trade interdependencies among nations. Next, an analytical case study observes (1) America's supply chain vulnerability through three major waves of infection, (2) the difficulty to mend weaknesses in the supply linkages once the novel coronavirus spread globally and (3) American government's failures to both anticipate and respond to supply shortages, especially in the health sector. Trump administration's policies failed to ensure a reliable supply of simple personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare professionals and hospitals throughout the first three waves of infection. Moreover, state and federal governments' substantial reliance on large manufacturers who have established procurement relationship with government led to continuous nationwide supply shortages throughout 2020. The federal government's inability to engage small and medium manufacturers in the production of critical supplies of PPE and diagnostic tests deepened and prolonged the devastating impacts of the pandemic. Our case study demonstrates that the American government needs to rethink the country's substantial reliance on the global supply chain, and the specific requirements to boost domestic manufacturing capacity. The revitalisation of America's manufacturing ability and the local supply networks will boost the productive power of the nation, strengthen resiliency, reduce vulnerability in disruptive times and prepare the nation for future crises.
Allogeneic peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of dogs with high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Gareau Alexandra , Sekiguchi Tomoko , Warry Emma , Ripoll Alexandra Z. , Sullivan Edmund , Westfall Theresa , Chretin John , Fulton Lisa M. , Harkey Michael , Storb Rainer , Suter Steven E.
Published: July 2022

Autologous peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) cures 33%–40% of dogs with high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma. We hypothesized, based on human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation literature, that transplanting dogs using canine donor leukocyte‐matched CD34+ cells would lead to fewer relapses and increased cure rates. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of dogs diagnosed with high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma who received an identical allogeneic HCT. A total of 15 dogs transplanted at four facilities were identified. Five of fifteen dogs relapsed before transplant. The mean number of donor CD34+ cells/kg harvested and infused into recipient dogs was 8.0 × 106/kg (range: 2.08 × 106/kg–2.9 × 107/kg). The median disease‐free interval and overall survival of all dogs was 1095 days (range: 9–2920 days) and 1115 days (range: 9–2920 days), respectively. Two of five dogs, not in remission at transplant, died in the hospital. The median disease‐free interval and overall survival of the remaining three dogs was 25 days (range: 15–250 days) and 1100 days (range: 66–1902 days), respectively. The median disease‐free interval and overall survival of the 10 dogs who had not relapsed was 1235 days (range: 19–2920 days) and 1235 days (range: 19–2920 days), respectively. One dog died soon after discharge of presumed gastric‐dilatation‐volvulus. Eight of nine remaining dogs lived >4 yrs post‐alloHCT, leading to a cure rate of 89%. Acute graft versus host disease was seen in three dogs. These results suggest that allogeneic HCT can cure ~50% more dogs than those treated with autologous HCT.
CT measurement of prostate volume using OsiriX® viewer is reliable, repeatable, and not dependent on observer, CT protocol, or contrast enhancement in dogs
Authors: Salonen Hanna M. , Åhlberg Tuuli M. , Laitinen‐Vapaavuori Outi M. , Mölsä Sari H.
Published: July 2022

Computed tomography (CT) is an established method for evaluating dogs with suspected prostatic disease; however, publications assessing the effects of varying factors on prostate volume measurements are lacking. The objectives of this two‐part, observer agreement, methods comparison study were to assess observer agreement and the effects of varying CT technical parameters for volume measurements of canine prostate glands on CT images using OsiriX® DICOM viewer software. In the first retrospective study, two observers measured prostate volumes of 13 client‐owned dogs thrice on noncontrast and contrast CT images. In the second prospective study, two observers measured the prostate volume of 10 cadavers using five different CT protocols and eight cadavers using three slice thicknesses. Observer agreement analyses were performed, and prostatic CT volume measurements were compared with water displacement volume measurements. Intra‐ and interobserver variability and the effect of contrast enhancement were found to be minimal when a one‐way analysis of variance model and intraclass correlation coefficients were used. No significant differences emerged between different protocols and slice thicknesses using a linear mixed effects model. When the prostate CT volume was compared using a Bland–Altman plot with the reference volume acquired by the water displacement method, agreement without consistent bias between the methods was shown, and over 90% of measurements were located within the 95% limits of agreement. The findings supported using OsiriX® software for CT prostatic volume measurements in dogs.
Spherical piezoelectric transducers of functionally graded materials
Authors: Wang Sha , Chen Cheng , Hu Liqing , Lin Shuyu
Published: July 2022

In this work, a functionally graded spherical piezoelectric transducer (FG-sPET) is proposed and an accurate theoretical model is constructed, mainly composed of a three-port electromechanical equivalent circuit model (EECM). The EECM of FG-sPET can be connected to that of other vibration systems according to the boundary conditions (force and vibration velocity), making it easier to evaluate the whole mechanical vibration system. The validity of the EECM for FG-sPET is verified by comparison with other literature. The effects of geometric dimensions and non-uniform coefficients on the vibration characteristics (resonance/anti-resonance frequencies and effective electromechanical coupling coefficient) of FG-sPET are also studied, contributing to systematically evaluating the key factors determining the vibration characteristics of FG-sPET. The proposed analytical system is of excellent guidance for the structural optimization design of functionally graded piezoelectric devices.
Three-dimensional higher-order raypath separation in a shallow-water waveguide
Authors: Jiang Longyu , Zhang Zhe , Roux Philippe
Published: July 2022

Separating raypaths in a multipath shallow-water environment is a challenge due to the interferences between them and the colored noise that exists in an ocean environment, especially for two raypaths that arrive close to each other. Thus, in this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) higher-order raypath separation in an array to array configuration is proposed. Performance tests using simulation data in a multipath environment, real data obtained in an ultrasonic waveguide, and ocean shallow-water data, respectively, illustrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a higher resolution and a stronger robustness compared to the existing algorithms.
Inferring the characteristics of marine sediments from the acoustic response of a known, partially buried object
Authors: Bottero Alexis , Sternini Simone , Sarkar Jit , Kuperman W. A.
Published: July 2022

We investigate the feasibility of using a known elastic target located near the seabed for the purpose of inferring characteristics of marine sediment. In the problem considered the object position and its burial depth are not known with precision. First, the admittance matrix of the elastic object is determined (numerically or experimentally) over a wide frequency range in the structural acoustic regime. Then, the equivalent source method (ESM) coupled with a spectral representation of the Green's functions in stratified domains is used to predict the object acoustic signature in various environments and experimental configurations. The resulting solver takes into account all multiple scattering between target (buried or not), sea floor, and sea surface and is not limited to short distances. After presenting the solution to the forward problem several synthetic inversions for sediment characteristics are shown. They are based upon a resonance-based misfit function we describe. The Bayesian procedure also infers object burial and source-object range, broadening its range of application.
Effects of spatialized water-sound sequences for traffic noise masking on brain activities
Authors: Li Jian , Maffei Luigi , Pascale Aniello , Masullo Massimiliano
Published: July 2022

Informational masking of water sounds has been proven effective in mitigating traffic noise perception with different sound levels and signal-to-noise ratios, but less is known about the effects of the spatial distribution of water sounds on the perception of the surrounding environment and corresponding psychophysical responses. Three different spatial settings of water-sound sequences with a traffic noise condition were used to investigate the role of spatialization of water-sound sequences on traffic noise perception. The neural responses of 20 participants were recorded by a portable electroencephalogram (EEG) device during the spatial sound playback time. The mental effects and attention process related to informational masking were assessed by the analysis of the EEG spectral power distribution and sensor-level functional connectivity along with subjective assessments. The results showed higher relative power of the alpha band and greater alpha-beta ratio among water-sound sequence conditions compared to traffic noise conditions, which confirmed the increased relaxation on the mental state induced by the introduction of water sounds. Moreover, different spatial settings of water-sound sequences evoked different cognitive network responses. The setting of two-position switching water brought more attentional network activations than other water sequences related to the information masking process along with more positive subjective feelings.
Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against challenge by diverse sarbecoviruses in animal models
Authors: Cohen Alexander A. , van Doremalen Neeltje , Greaney Allison J. , Andersen Hanne , Sharma Ankur , Starr Tyler N. , Keeffe Jennifer R. , Fan Chengcheng , Schulz Jonathan E. , Gnanapragasam Priyanthi N. P. , Kakutani Leesa M. , West Anthony P. , Saturday Greg , Lee Yu E. , Gao Han , Jette Claudia A. , Lewis Mark G. , Tan Tiong K. , Townsend Alain R. , Bloom Jesse D. , Munster Vincent J. , Bjorkman Pamela J.
Published: July 2022

To combat future severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and spillovers of SARS-like betacoronaviruses (sarbecoviruses) threatening global health, we designed mosaic nanoparticles that present randomly arranged sarbecovirus spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to elicit antibodies against epitopes that are conserved and relatively occluded rather than variable, immunodominant, and exposed. We compared immune responses elicited by mosaic-8 (SARS-CoV-2 and seven animal sarbecoviruses) and homotypic (only SARS-CoV-2) RBD nanoparticles in mice and macaques and observed stronger responses elicited by mosaic-8 to mismatched (not on nanoparticles) strains, including SARS-CoV and animal sarbecoviruses. Mosaic-8 immunization showed equivalent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicrons, and protected from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV challenges, whereas homotypic SARS-CoV-2 immunization protected only from SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Epitope mapping demonstrated increased targeting of conserved epitopes after mosaic-8 immunization. Together, these results suggest that mosaic-8 RBD nanoparticles could protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future sarbecovirus spillovers.
Mutation to
ispA
Produces Stable Small-Colony Variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa That Have Enhanced Aminoglycoside Resistance
Authors: Pitton Melissa , Oberhaensli Simone , Appiah Fiona , Pagani Jean-Luc , Fournier Anne , Jakob Stephan M. , Que Yok-Ai , Cameron David R.
Published: July 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a major pathogen in burn wound infections. We present one of the first reports of small-colony variant (SCV) emergence of
P. aeruginosa
, taken from a patient under aminoglycosides for a persistent burn wound infection. We confirm the causative role of a single
ispA
mutation in SCV emergence and increased aminoglycoside resistance. IspA is involved in the synthesis of ubiquinone, providing a possible link between electron transport and SCV formation in
P. aeruginosa
.
Establishment, Persistence, and Reactivation of Latent HIV-1 Infection in Renal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Baker Erich J. , Hughes Kelly , Travieso Tatianna , Klotman Mary E. , Blasi Maria
Published: July 2022

Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Despite this success, a number of challenges remain, including the long-term persistence of multiple, clinically latent viral reservoirs capable of reactivation in the absence of ART.
VEGF-Mediated Augmentation of Autophagic and Lysosomal Activity in Endothelial Cells Defends against Intracellular Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Lu Shiou-Ling , Omori Hiroko , Zhou Yi , Lin Yee-Shin , Liu Ching-Chuan , Wu Jiunn-Jong , Noda Takeshi
Published: July 2022

Sepsis caused byStreptococcus pyogenesis a life-threatening condition. Blood vessel endothelial cells should serve as a barrier to infection, although we recently reported that endothelial cells allow intracellular GAS proliferation due to defective xenophagy.
The NPC Families Mediate BmNPV Entry
Authors: Fan Youpeng , Bao Jialing , Fu Xiaoyu , Wu Pengfei , Chen Jingya , Huang Yan , Wei Junhong , Pan Guoqing , Li Chunfeng , Zhou Zeyang
Published: July 2022

Baculovirus is an important biological factor for controlling insect populations and represents a powerful biological tool for gene delivery and expression. However, the host receptor of baculovirus is still unknown.
Rapid Detection of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 Variant Using a COVID-19 Diagnostic PCR Assay
Authors: Ippoliti Chiara , De Maio Flavio , Santarelli Giulia , Marchetti Simona , Vella Antonietta , Santangelo Rosaria , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Posteraro Brunella
Published: July 2022

Rapid detection of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant in patients’ respiratory tract samples may influence therapeutic choices, because this variant is known to escape from certain monoclonal antibodies. Our findings strengthen the importance of manufacturers’ efforts to improve the existing COVID-19 diagnostic PCR assays and/or to develop novel variant-specific PCR assays.
Supplemental Material: Implications of glacial deposit ages for the timing and rate of active crustal faulting in the central Cascade arc, Oregon, USA
Authors: Alexander K.A. , al. et
Published: July 2022

Includes map plates, cosmogenic radionuclide sample site information, and scarp profile data tables.
Platinum(II) Acetylacetonate Complex Based on 5-(3-Aminophenyl)-2-(2-thienyl)pyridine: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Kopchuk D. S. , Slepukhin P. A. , Taniya O. S. , Krinochkin A. P. , Zyryanov G. V. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: July 2022

The Pt(II) acetylacetonate complex [(L)Pt(Acac)] based on aminophenyl-substituted 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (L) was synthesized, its photophysical properties were studied and compared with these properties for a similar complex containing no amino group in the ligand. The structure of the complex was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (CIF file CCDC no. 2144689), 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis.
Pandemic inequity in a megacity: a multilevel analysis of individual, community and healthcare vulnerability risks for COVID-19 mortality in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Surendra Henry , Salama Ngabila , Lestari Karina D , Adrian Verry , Widyastuti Widyastuti , Oktavia Dwi , Lina Rosa N , Djaafara Bimandra A , Fadilah Ihsan , Sagara Rahmat , Ekawati Lenny L , Nurhasim Ahmad , Ahmad Riris A , Kekalih Aria , Syam Ari F , Shankar Anuraj H , Thwaites Guy , Baird J Kevin , Hamers Raph L , Elyazar Iqbal R F
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Worldwide, the 33 recognised megacities comprise approximately 7% of the global population, yet account for 20% COVID-19 deaths. The specific inequities and other factors within megacities that affect vulnerability to COVID-19 mortality remain poorly defined. We assessed individual, community-level and healthcare factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality in a megacity of Jakarta, Indonesia, during two epidemic waves spanning 2 March 2020 to 31 August 2021.

Methods

This retrospective cohort included residents of Jakarta, Indonesia, with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. We extracted demographic, clinical, outcome (recovered or died), vaccine coverage data and disease prevalence from Jakarta Health Office surveillance records, and collected subdistrict level sociodemographics data from various official sources. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine individual, community and subdistrict-level healthcare factors and their associations with COVID-19 mortality.

Results

Of 705 503 cases with a definitive outcome by 31 August 2021, 694 706 (98.5%) recovered and 10 797 (1.5%) died. The median age was 36 years (IQR 24–50), 13.2% (93 459) were <18 years and 51.6% were female. The subdistrict level accounted for 1.5% of variance in mortality (p<0.0001). Mortality ranged from 0.9 to 1.8% by subdistrict. Individual-level factors associated with death were older age, male sex, comorbidities and age <5 years during the first wave (adjusted OR (aOR)) 1.56, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.35; reference: age 20–29 years). Community-level factors associated with death were poverty (aOR for the poorer quarter 1.35, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.55; reference: wealthiest quarter) and high population density (aOR for the highest density 1.34, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.58; reference: the lowest). Healthcare factor associated with death was low vaccine coverage (aOR for the lowest coverage 1.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.38; reference: the highest).

Conclusion

In addition to individual risk factors, living in areas with high poverty and density, and low healthcare performance further increase the vulnerability of communities to COVID-19-associated death in urban low-resource settings.