bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSIX-26 Effect of supplemental Arg on respiration rate and body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress
Authors: Trejo Adriana Morales , González Fernanda , Bernal Hugo , Cervantes Miguel , Gonzalez-Vega Caroline , Htoo John K
Published: December 2019

Heat stress (HS) reduces feed intake and affects the well-being of pigs by increasing their body temperature (BT) and respiration rate (RR). Nitric oxide, an Arg metabolite, helps to dissipate body heat by stimulating blood vasodilation. Because reduced feed intake translates into decreased Arg consumption, the effect of supplementing Arg in the diet on BT and RR was analyzed using 8-ileal cannulated pigs (61.7±2.7 kg BW) exposed to HS. A thermometer set to register BT at 5-min intervals was implanted into the ileum. There were two treatments: control wheat-soybean meal plus free Lys-Thr diet (CON), and the CON diet added with 0.20% free Arg (ARG). The study was conducted in two-6 d periods; d1-d3 for diet adaptation and d4-d6 for BT data analysis. The RR (respirations per min - rpm) was measured in all pigs at 0600-h and 1600-h. Pigs were fed at 0700-h and 1900-h, 900 g/meal. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were: 28.2-to-34.6 °C, 53-to-82%, respectively. Ambient temperature and BT followed a similar pattern every day. There was no interaction in BT and RR between periods. Overall, BT of ARG pigs (40.75°C) was slightly lower (P < 0.05) than in CON pigs (40.71°C). Arg supplementation greatly reduced RR (rpm) regardless of period and day time (P < 0.05): overall (91, 73), period-1 (98, 78), period-2 (85, 68), 0600-h, (68, 52), 1600-h (115, 94), respectively. The RR at 0600-h (60) was lower than at 1400-h (109; P < 0.05) regardless of diet. The reduced RR because of Arg supplementation may be explained as an increased synthesis of nitric oxide probably resulting in both increased vasodilation and dissipation of body heat. In conclusion, although supplemental Arg caused a modest decrease in BT, the large RR reduction may indicate that Arg might help to improve the welfare of HS pigs.
PSIX-36 Effect of lauric acid based additives on piglets fecal microbiota
Authors: Sol Cinta , Puyalto Mónica , Lindenbeck Mario , Mallo Juan José , Zentek Jürgen
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated the effect of two feed lauric acid (LA) based additives on faecal microbiota of piglets. A total of 256 piglets were distributed (from 25 to 66d of age) in 4 treatments: CON-, diet without additives nor antibiotics; CON+, diet with Doxycycline; DIC, CON- diet plus sodium salt of coconut fatty acids distillate at 3kg/t and 1kg/t in starter and grower diets; MON, CON- diet plus monolaurine at 2.1kg/t and 0.7kg/t in starter and grower diets. The dosage of both products was made at the same level of LA (0.96kg LA/t starter and 0.32kg LA/t grower). At the end of the study, the 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. The result showed a drastic decrease in the abundance of the dominating genus Prevotella within the MON group compensated by other genera increase, mostly Selenomonadales. Streptococcus, Treponema, and unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, Dialister or Bacillus increased their respective abundances. Treponema was more pronounced in the DIC, however, all other mentioned genera did not show a similar increase in abundance. Dialister (a marker for disease in humans) showed significantly lower abundance in DIC. In the bacterial fingerprints, a trend for clustering according to treatment was visible. Six of eight CON- samples formed a separate cluster. Six of eight samples of the DIC formed a cluster that shared very low similarity to the CON-. Four of eight CON+ samples formed a separate cluster. MON samples were interspersed among all samples and showed no distinct clustering. Even though quantitative microbial comparisons were only anecdotal, observations may indicate a more “healthier” microbiota in the DIC than was present in the MON. DIC also showed a much closer similarity of bacterial fingerprints for the pooled samples in the qualitative analysis indicating that DIC had a higher potential to modify the faecal (hindgut) microbiota than MON.
PSIX-28 Effects of dietary flavor in experimental and commercial nursery diets on growth performance of weaned pigs
Authors: Kim Soyun , Lee Jeongjae , Kim Sheena , Kim Byeonghyeon , Kang Joowon , Mun Daye , Baek Jangryeol , Kyoung Hyunjin , Choe Jeehwan , Seo Dongoh , Hung Alex , Lee Jongmoon , Song Minho
Published: December 2019

Two experiments were conducted to investigate effects of dietary flavor as a feed additive on growth performance of weaned pigs. The flavor used in experiments was a commercial product (Luctarom®, Lucta Guangzhou, China) containing milky cream flavor. In Exp. 1, 72 weaned pigs (initial BW = 6.51 ± 0.21 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 9 replicates/treatment): an experimental diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON1) and CON1 supplemented with 0.05% flavor (FLA). In Exp. 2, 72 weaned pigs (initial BW = 6.66 ± 0.32 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 9 replicates/treatment): a commercial diet based on corn and soybean meal with spray dried plasma, fish meal, and zinc oxide (CON2) and CON2 supplemented with FLA. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatment for 6 weeks. Growth performance was measured on day 1, 7, 14, 21, and 42 after weaning. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. The statistical model for every measurement included dietary effect and BW as a covariate in a randomized complete block design (block = BW). In Exp. 1, pigs fed FLA tended to increase ADG (0.493 vs. 0.451 kg/d; P < 0.10) during the experimental period compared with those fed CON1. However, there were no differences in ADFI and G:F between CON1 and FLA. In Exp. 2, pigs fed FLA had greater ADG (0.548 vs. 0.463 kg/d; P < 0.05) and tended to increase ADFI (0.870 vs. 0.753 kg/d; P < 0.10) during the experimental period than those fed CON2. However, there was no difference in G:F between CON2 and FLA. In conclusion, the addition of dietary flavor in experimental and commercial nursery diets improved growth performance of weaned pigs.
PSVII-28 Additivity of energy concentrations and phosphorus and calcium digestibility in hatchery byproducts fed to nursery pigs
Authors: Sung Jung Y , Kim Beob G
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the additivity of energy concentrations and phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) digestibility in hatchery byproducts. In our previous studies, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P and Ca were determined using 10-kg barrows. Test ingredients were infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, culled chicks, and a mixture (20% infertile eggs, 20% unhatched eggs, and 60% culled chicks). It was hypothesized that determined nutritional values of the mixture is not different from predicted values calculated from nutritional values in each ingredient. A t-test was used to determine the additivity on nutritional values in the mixture. The predicted DE in the mixture was not different from the determined value (4,203 and 4,224 kcal/kg as-is; P = 0.890), and the predicted ME was not different from the determined value (3,990 and 3,998 kcal/kg as-is; P = 0.959). Predicted ATTD and STTD of P in the mixture (46.4 and 58.4%, respectively) were greater than determined values (35.5 and 47.4%, respectively; P < 0.05). However, predicted ATTD and STTD of Ca in the mixture (45.5 and 51.7%, respectively) were less than determined values (58.0 and 64.5%, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, energy concentrations in a hatchery byproduct mixture could be predicted as a weighted mean of energy values in infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, and culled chicks, whereas phosphorus and calcium digestibility values in the mixture were not additive.
PSVII-6 Precision feeding and reduced crude protein on nitrogen efficiency of pigs raised under tropical conditions
Authors: Santos Luan S , Perondi Dani , Veira Alini , Gobi Jaqueline , Pomar Candido
Published: December 2019

Feeding pigs with low protein diets is suggested to attenuate the negative effects of heat stress in pigs reared in hot climate areas, without changes on pigs performance. This study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen balance of pigs raised under tropical conditions and fed in conventional group-phase feeding systems (CON) or fed individually with daily tailored diets (IPF) receiving diets formulated with low (LCP) or high (HCP) crude protein. Sixty male castrated pigs (39kg±0.98) were assigned to 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted 56 days (phase 1: d 0–28, and 2: d 29–56). CON fed pigs received within each phase a constant blend of diets A (high nutrient) and B (low nutrient density) supplying the estimated nutrient requirements of the group, whereas IPF pigs received daily a personalized blend providing the estimated amount of nutrients. Body lean was assessed by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the beginning and at the end of each phase and converted to body protein. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS including the fixed effects of feeding system, feed formulation, and their interactions. Pigs receiving LCP diets reduced the CP intake in 27% (P < 0.001). However, IPF pigs consumed on average 15% less CP than CON pigs (P < 0.001). Regardless of the reduced CP intake, LCP fed pigs showed a greater N retention than pigs receiving HCP diets during the first phase (P < 0.01). Moreover, pigs fed LCP diets excreted 30% less N to the environment than pigs fed HCP diets (P < 0.001). When LCP diets are complemented with the use of IPF technique, the N excreted can be reduced 18% more than in CON system (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that LCP diets and IPF are feasible to improve the nitrogen utilization of pigs raised under tropical conditions.
PSXIII-37 Alteration of mRNA abundance of the oxidizing factors-related genes during the transition period in dromedary camel
Authors: Zarrin Mousa , Christensen Rachael , DoostMohammadi S Kazem , Ahmadpour Ahmadali , Ahmadpour Amir
Published: December 2019

Livestock near and during parturition have a complex defense system against environmental and physiological stresses. Little knowledge exists for some livestock species, such as camels, during this time. However, camels are an important species in some areas of the world. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the expression of genes responsible for the regeneration of hepatic oxidizing factors. Ten multiparous (2.38 ± 0.56; mean ± SEM parity) pregnant camels weighing 527.94 ± 73.46 kg BW were studied. Camels pastured daily, kept in individual stalls nightly with a partial mixed ration and free access to water while in stalls. Hepatic biopsies were taken days 60, 45, 30, and 15 antepartum (AP) and days 3, 15, 30, 45, and 60 postpartum (PP). The mRNA abundance of glutathione reductase (GSR1), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1), and sulfiredoxin (Srx1) were determined using the qPCR technique. Significances were determined using the general linear model with repeated measures of IBM SPSS statistics software v. 21.0 and are presented as means ± SEM (Figure 1). Means differences were determined using LSD test and considered significant if P values < 0.05. Compared to d 60AP, mRNA abundance of TrxR1 and Srx1 reached their peak at d 3PP (P ≤ 0.03). Although TrxR1 decreased slightly by d 15 and 30PP compared to d 3PP (P = 0.04), it was higher compared to all AP time-points (P ≤ 0.05). mRNA abundance of Srx1 decreased at d 30PP compared to d 3PP (P = 0.05). In contrast, the frequency of the GSR1 mRNA was static until d 30PP, reduced slightly (P ≤ 0.05) then was unchanged to the end of the study period. These results show that genes responsible for hepatic oxidizing factors could be considered immunoregulatory factors for orchestrating cytoprotective systems against oxidative stress.
PSXIII-19 Effects of injectable trace mineral supplements at the initiation of estrus synchronization on pregnancy rates in beef cows
Authors: Dahlen Carl , McCarthy Kacie L , Underdahl Sarah , Crosswhite Mellissa , Neville Bryan
Published: December 2019

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effects of administering injectable trace mineral supplements to beef cows at the initiation of estrus synchronization on pregnancy rates to AI. Four hundred seventeen Angus and Red Angus-based beef cows at two locations were stratified by parity, body condition score, and days postpartum, then randomly assigned to one of 2 treatments; 1) untreated controls (CON; n = 208); or 2) received 90 mg Cu, 60 mg Mn, 30 mg Se, and 360 mg Zn as an injectable TM supplement initiation of synchronization (6 ml Multimin 90 s.q.; ITM; n = 209). All cows received a controlled internal drug release insert (CIDR; 1.38g progesterone) and 100 µg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) im, followed in 7 d by CIDR removal and 25 mg prostaglandin F2alpha, followed in 60 to 66 hours with AI and 100 µg GnRH i.m. Cows received an Estrotech heat detection patch on their tailhead at CIDR removal, which was assigned an activation status at AI (yes = ≥50% of patch activated; no = < 50%). Pregnancy status was determined via transrectal ultrasound on day 35 to 40 after AI to determine pregnancy rates to AI in response to treatments. No location × treatment interaction was present (P = 0.66), but pregnancy rate was greater (P < 0.01) for Location 1 (76.9%; 70 of 91) than for Location 2 (58.0%; 189 of 326). However, no differences (P = 0.50) in pregnancy rates were observed among CON (123/208; 63.5%) and ITM (127/209; 60.8%). Overall, 56.6% of cows had activated estrus detection patches at AI, and more cows with activated patches became pregnant (169/236; 71.6%) compared with cows having unactivated patches (90/181; 49.7%). In this experiment, ITM administration at the initiation of estrus synchronization had no negative effects on pregnancy rate to AI.
PSXIII-18 Conceptus stimuli in peripheral blood mono and polymorphonuclear cells at the beginning of pregnancy
Authors: Melo Gabriela Dalmaso de , Motta Igor Garcia , Rocha Cecilia Constantino , Diaza Angela Maria Gonella , Silveira Juliano Coelho da , Binelli Mario , Pohler Ky , Pugliesi Guilherme
Published: December 2019

The objective of this experiment was to compare the expression of Interferon-tau Stimulated Genes (ISGs) in peripheral blood mono and polymorphonuclear cells (PBMCs and PMNs) in heifers following insemination. Twenty-nine Nelore heifers had estrous cycle synchronized, and FTAI occurred on D0. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography on D28 post FTAI. On D0, 10, 14, 16, 18 and 20, blood (25mL) from the jugular vein was collected in heparinized tubes for isolation of PMNs and PBMCs. The isolation was performed using Ficoll®Paque Plus (GE Healthcare). PMNs and PBMCs samples from 8 pregnant and 9 non-pregnant heifers were subjected to RNA extraction using the DirectZol-RNA kit (Zymo-Research) and Trizol (Invitrogen), respectively. The expression of the target genes (ISG15, OAS-1, MX1 and MX2) was normalized in relation to the two reference genes (GAPDH/ACTB for PMNs and GAPDH/PPIA for PBMCs). The abundance of transcripts was evaluated by analysis of variance considering fixed effects of group, day and group by day interaction using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS. PMNs and PBMCs had a similar expression profile of ISG15 and OAS-1, showing a relative increase (P < 0.05) from D18, and a significant increase in (P < 0.05) expression in pregnant compared to non-pregnant females on D18 and D20. These results were also observed for MX1 in PBMCs. In PMNs, no significant effects for MX1 were found. For MX2, in both cells types, only a group effect (P < 0.05) was observed, indicating a higher expression in pregnant heifers (0.57±0.11 vs. 0.21±0.03) on the days evaluated. When comparing the relative expression of the target genes to D0, no significant (P > 0.1) differences were found between PMNs and PBMCs. In summary, ISG expression is similar in PMNs and PBMCs, specifically for ISG15 and OAS-1, which both seem to be suitable biomarkers for potential early pregnancy determination in heifers.
PSXIII-5 The age dynamics of the spermatogenic cells development in the roosters’ testes
Authors: Vetokh Anastasia N , Volkova Natalia A , Tomgorova Evgeniya K , Volkova Ludmila A , Zinovieva Natalia A
Published: December 2019

The cells of the male gonads are considered as a valuable genetic material for the conservation of the gene pool of breeds and lines of agricultural birds, as well as the directed modification of the poultry genome. Mature germ cells – spermatozoa and their predecessors – spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids can be used for these purposes. To obtain these types of cells, it is necessary to know the characteristics of their development (spermatogenesis). The dynamics of the development of certain spermatogenic cell types in the testicular tubules of different-aged roosters has been studied. Histological studies were performed on testes of roosters aged from 1 week to 6 months with an interval of 2 weeks. Samples of testis tissue were fixed in Bouin’s solution. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Identification of different cell types (Sertoli, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, sperm cells) was carried out according to their morphology. At the age of 1–6 weeks in the seminiferous tubule of roosters, the mainly presence of two cell types was noted: Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. From 7 weeks of age, spermatocytes were detected in the seminiferous tubules, in the 4 months - spermatids, in the 5.5 months - sperm cells. The number of Sertoli cells remained almost unchanged with age and was 21 ± 2. The percentage of these cells decreased with age from 71 ± 3 % to 5 ± 1 %. The percentage of spermatogonia also decreased with age from 75 ± 2 % to 7 ± 1 %. The number of spermatids and spermatozoa, on the contrary, increased to puberty (6 months) and reached 54 %. The study was supported by the RFBR within Project no.18-29-07079.
PSXIII-3 Maternal eicosapentaenoic acid feeding decreases placental and fetal lipid deposition and improves antioxidant capacity through a Sirtuin-1 independent
Authors: Peng Jie , Peng Jian
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to evaluate whether maternal dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation could decrease placental lipid deposition and improve placental antioxidant capacity through a SIRT1-dependent way. In the present study, male and female SIRT1+/- mice were mated overnight, then primiparous SIRT1+/- mice were fed a 60% kcal high-fat-diet (HFD) or equienergy EPA diet (4.4% EPA-ethyl ester) (n = 22/each group). At pregnant 18.5 d, retro-orbital blood samples were obtained then sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Placentas and its corresponding fetuses were collected by caesarean section. We found that the EPA diet significantly changed maternal plasma, placenta and fetus fatty acid composition, and decreased placental and fetal lipid content. Meanwhile, EPA treatment significantly increased placental and fetal antioxidant capacity, however, lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde was also increased. Moreover, EPA treatment significantly activated placental UCP1 and PGC1α expression and alleviated mitochondrial swelling induced by HFD. SIRT1 knockout had no significant effect on placental lipid content, but notably decreased fetal triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) content. Meanwhile, SIRT1 knockout significantly decreased the ratio of n-3 PUFA in placenta. SIRT1 knockout also significantly decreased PGC1α mRNA and protein level and increased mitochondrial swelling. Both EPA treatment and SIRT1 deficiency had no effect on BODIPY-FL-C16 (a fluorescent labeled palmitic acid) uptake in placenta and fetus. No significant effect was observed between diet and genotype. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that maternal EPA feeding decreased placental and fetal lipid deposition and improved antioxidant capacity through a Sirtuin-1 independent mechanism.
PSXI-9 Parameters of incubation of neonate japanese quail of japanese quail breeder (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed guava extract and stored for different periods storage pre incubation
Authors: Mello Heloisa Helena C , Xavier Hyara Paula Fleuri , Mascarenhas Alessandra Gimenez , Araújo Itallo Conrado , Marques Billy Noronha , Oliveira Natiele Ferraz de
Published: December 2019

The objective was to evaluate the use of guava extract (Psidium guajava L.) as an antioxidant additive in the diets of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in laying phase and to verify the incubation parameters of eggs stored at different periods pre-incubation. The experiment was conduced at Federal University of Goias. The extract contained 2.13% ellagic acid. A four hundred and thirty-two (432) eggs of Japanese quails fed with guava extract in the diet were incubated in a completely randomized design, in a single-stage incubator. Temperature of 37°C and humidity of 65% was manteined. The eggs were distributed in 4x2 factorial design (levels of guava extract and stored pre-incubation period) with 54 replicates, each egg being considered an experimental unit. Four levels of guava extract were added in diets of the breeders (0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9%) and two stored pre-incubation period (three and nine days) were studied. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. To embryo diagnostic was used Fisher exact test. The eclosion percentage was not influenced by factors studied. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between effects of levels of guava extract in diet and stored pre-incubation period on hatch window. The hatch window was shorter for quails from egg storage for nine days and breeders fed a 0.0% guava extract. The lower level of guava extract supplementation in diets (0.3%) of breeder promotes padronizing hatcheries time. The neonates quails from eggs storaged for nine days hatched in shorter period time in relation to quails from the eggs stored for three days. Values of the embryo diagnostic were not different (P > 0.05). It is concluded that the use of 0.3% inclusion of guava extract containing ellagic acid in layer quail diets promotes standardization of hatchery window of neonate quails.
PSXI-25 The effect of lead on aminotransferases serum activity in European carp
Authors: Polistovskaia Polina A , Enukashvili Abram I , Kozitcyna Anna I , Kinarevskaia Katerina P , Bakhta Alesya A , Balykina Anna B , Karpenko Larisa Y , Skopichev Valerii G , Panova Nataliya A , Bokhan Polina D
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to asset toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This research was intended to analyze aminotransferases (ALT, AST) serum activity under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. Intracellular enzymes activity level elevation in serum is a sign of mass cell destruction and consequently pathological process. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.06 mg/l lead acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.6 mg/l lead acetate concentration (100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After centrifugation of the samplings in non-hemolysed serum samples ALT and AST activities were assessed by standard methods. The study revealed that there were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.001) by 43.8% (30.83±1.14 IU/l) and 17.58% (266.52±6.37 IU/l) accordingly in 1-experimental group in compare with control group (21.44±2.17 IU/l and 226.68±4.35 IU/l). In case where the lead acetate concentration were 100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit there were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.001) by 74.86 % (37.49±2.76 IU/l) and 66.23% (376.82±19.45 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in compare with control group. After analyzing the received data there were established meaningful aminotransferases serum activity elevation under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. This is possibly connected to lipid peroxygenation processes disruption in muscles and liver under the lead toxic influence.
PSXI-24 Rumen temperature, fermentation and microbial signatures are poorly associated with steer feed-efficiency profiles
Authors: Durunna Obioha N , Damiran Daalkhaijav , Campbell John R , Carroll Jeffery A , Lardner Bart
Published: December 2019

Breeding feed-efficient cattle can reduce the environmental footprint of beef operations but assessing all replacement candidates for feed-intake is not practical due to cost implications. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate if rumen temperature (RumT), measured with wireless rumen Thermobolus® can distinguish steers with different feed-efficiency profiles and whether steers with divergent efficiency profiles have different nutrient fermentation signatures. The study also validated the relationship between rectal temperature (RecT) and RumT measured with automatic thermistors. Residual feed intake (RFI) profiles of 160 steers were measured over two years. All steers were assessed for RFI profiles using high and moderate forage diets, respectively, over two successive periods each year. Each steer was fitted with a rumen Thermobolus® throughout each ~80-d test period while half of the steers wore an automatic temperature-logger rectal device for ~30d. The devices recorded the RumT and RecT every 5 minutes, respectively. Rumen fluid samples were collected from high-RFI (n = 5) and low-RFI (n = 5) steers to assess if differences in rumen fermentation and microbial profiles exist. Circadian-adjusted RumT and RecT for each steer were used for analysis. The within-period correlations between RumT and RecT ranged between 49 and 77%. There was a trend (P = 0.08) that differences exist for rhythm-adjusted temperatures among different RFI profiles with low-RFI steers (39.72±0.01oC) having lower average RumT than those in high (39.75±0.01oC) or medium (39.74±0.01oC) classes. The correlation between the two test-periods for rhythm-adjusted RumT was 65% while the correlation between RFI from both periods was 47%. There was no difference (P > 0.30) between high- and low-RFI animals for the total or individual volatile fatty acid fractions or microbial populations. The narrow temperature variation among RFI classes limits its use as screening tool but the higher across-period correlation encourages the need for further studies into alternative potential applications.
PSIX-38 Influence of quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) tannin extract fed at differing rates in a high-roughage diet on energy partitioning in beef steers
Authors: Norris Aaron B , Crossland Whitney L , Tedeschi Luis O , Foster Jamie L , Muir James P , Pinchak William
Published: December 2019

Our objective was to evaluate how quebracho tannin (QT; Schinopsis balansae) within a roughage-based diet affected energy partitioning of growing beef steers. Ruminant production is essential to meeting the protein requirements of an increasing global population. However, gaseous byproducts from ruminant production, such as methane (CH4), not only reduce energetic efficiency, it can also be detrimental to the environment. Feed-grade antibiotics have traditionally been utilized for improved feed efficiency; however, consumer perception has prompted the pursuit of natural rumen modulators. Condensed tannins are a potential alternative due to their capacity for enhancing protein efficiency and reducing CH4. In our study, a 4 x 8 Latin rectangle design utilizing four periods and 8 British crossbred steers (236 ± 16 kg) were used to determine the effects of QT fed at 0 (control), 1.5, 3, and 4.5% of DM, within a roughage-based ration. Following 12-d dietary adaptation, animals were relocated to open-circuit respiration calorimetry chambers fitted with metabolism stands for gas exchange measurements and collection of total feces and urine over 48 h. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model with animal and period as random factors. Inclusion of QT had no effect on intake, fiber digestibility, or nitrogen retention (P > 0.10). Provision of QT increased fecal energy, resulting in reduced digestible energy (DE) (P < 0.01). Urinary energy was not different (P = 0.49) but gas energy decreased (P < 0.01) as QT inclusion increased. Metabolizable energy (ME) decreased linearly as QT increased (P < 0.01), but all treatments maintained a ME-to-DE ratio of 0.86. Heat energy decreased (P = 0.01) with increased QT rate; however, there was no difference in retained energy. Although QT reduced gas and heat energy, this could not compensate for the reduction in digestible energy, leading to decreased energetic efficiency with QT inclusion.
PSIX-29 Effect of quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) extract inclusion in a high roughage diet upon in situ digestion
Authors: Batista Luiz Fernando Dias , Norris Aaron B , Rivera Madeline , D’ Souza Genevieve , Adams Jordan , Tedeschi Luis O
Published: December 2019

The objective was to determine the effect of quebracho tannin extract (QT; Schinopsis balansae) within a roughage-based diet upon dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (DMD and NDFD, respectively). The use of natural plant secondary compounds as a feed additive in animal nutrition has been studied due to their ability to modify digestive and metabolic functions in both ruminants and non-ruminants. Condensed tannin (CT) supplementation has demonstrated potential to mitigate CH4 emissions, but this commonly corresponds with reduced ruminal fiber degradation. However, prolonged supplementation of CT in a roughage-based diet is limited within the literature. Twenty rumen cannulated animals (227 ± 19 kg) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (n = 4): QT at 0, 1, 2, and 3% of DM (QT0, QT1, QT2, and QT3). A maintenance-fed diet containing 88% bermudagrass hay and 12% concentrate was offered at 2.1% of shrunk body weight. Steers were adapted to the base diet for 24-d then introduced to predetermined treatments for 35 d. In situ digestibility data were collected weekly over 5 wk. Digestibility estimates were determined using 48-h in situ disappearance of DM and NDF. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model. There was no difference in DM or NDF intake for dietary treatment (P = 0.66, and P = 0.65, respectively). However, on week 2 QT2 had lower DMD (P = 0.03) and tended to decrease NDFD (P = 0.06) compared to QT1, and QT3. In contrast, there was no observed difference (P = 0.22) in DMD, and NDFD on week 1, 3, 4, 5, and when the 5-wk data were combined. The addition of QT up to 3% DM in a roughage-based diet does not sacrifice DMD and NDFD over time, but it is not clear as to why QT2 affected DMD and NDFD.
PSXI-14 Supplementation with a blend containing Baccharis dracunculifolia and Tamarindus indica improve the oxidative state of steers in finishing phase
Authors: Avila Vicente A Diaz , Bonin Edineia , Carvalho Venício M , Moreira Lucas Stafuza , Comar Jurandir Fernando , Mottin Camila , Filho Benicio Alves de Abreu , Prado Ivanor Nunes do
Published: December 2019

Tissue oxidative stress has been associated with low productivity of beef cattle. Supplementation of animals with natural antioxidants added to the diet may be an alternative to improve the tissue oxidative status and the productivity of steers at finishing phase. The present study evaluated whether the addition to the diet of a blend (Mix) containing Baccharis dracunculifolia (40%), Tamarindus indica seed (40%), cashew nutshell oil (10%) and clove oil (10%) modifies the oxidative state in the plasma and liver of steers (Angus x Zebu) in finishing phase. Forty animals were randomly distributed into four groups (ten animal per group), which received Mix respectively at the daily dose of 0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 g per animal during 84 days. Blood and liver were taken at slaughter of the animals. Blood samples were also taken before starting the supplementation and served as control. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), thiol groups and protein carbonyl groups were measured as plasma parameters of oxidative stress. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl groups, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione and the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured as hepatic parameter of oxidative stress. Plasma levels of protein carbonyl groups were 30% lower in the animals supplemented with 4.0 and 6.0 g Mix and FRAP was 20% higher in the animals supplemented with 6.0 g Mix (P < 0.05; compared to the 0.0 g). Hepatic levels of TBARS were 38% lower in animals supplemented with 6.0 g Mix (P < 0.05). The other parameters were not modified. In conclusion, the supplementation of steers with Mix improved the systemic oxidative status and may be a complementary alternative to the diet of these animals in the termination phase.
PSXI-12 Comparative metabolomics of blood plasma from Hanwoo beef cattle at different ages and fed diets with different nutritional levels, by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Jeong Jin Young , Kim Minseok , Reddy Kondreddy Eswar , Lee Seul , Cho Soohyun , Lee Hyun-Jeong
Published: December 2019

Blood metabolome can be used to estimate the growth, nutrition, and health status of livestock. The objective of this study is to find the differently expressed metabolome according to ages and nutritional levels in feeds to predict and control cattle performances. We used Hanwoo cattle at different ages that were fed diets with different nutritional levels. One hundred thirty two blood samples were collected from 22 Hanwoo steers at 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 months and compared their blood metabolomes by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results of our comparative analysis showed clear discriminations in blood metabolomic profiles among the ages but not between nutritional levels. Based on the results of t-test, fold changes, and partial least square discriminant analysis, 19 metabolites showed high sensitivity for ages. Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, betaine, carnitine, choline, citrulline, creatine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, lactate, leucine, proline, pyruvate, serine, tryptophan, and valine could be directly linked to ages. In particular, three metabolic pathways, ammonia recycling; urea cycle; and glycine and serine metabolism were shown to be enriched with the ages (FDR < 0.05, P < 0.05). Thus, the differently expressed metabolites and their related metabolic pathways in the blood plasma may contribute to the biomarkers which indicate the potential for early growing and fattening of indiviual beef cattle. Our findings may allow for better understanding of the mechanism of cattle growth physiology and metabolism, which is necessary for selecting appropriate feeding strategies to improve beef quality and productivity.
PSXII-30 The combination of essential oils and exogenous amylases reduces fecal starch of feedlot finishing cattle fed different roughage sources
Authors: Toseti Laura B , Goulard Rodrigo , Gouvêa Vinícius , Acedo Tiago S , Vasconcellos Guilherme S , Leme Paulo Roberto , Netto Arlindo Saran , Silva Saulo L
Published: December 2019

Eighty-eight feedlot finishing Nellore bulls (358 ± 38.5 kg BW) were used in a randomized block design (initial BW) with a 2×2 factorial arrangement to test the effects of two feed additives (MON - Sodium Monensin, 26 mg/kg DM vs. Crina®RumistarTM - combination of blend of essential oils - 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase - 560 mg/ kg DM; DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) and two roughage sources (CS - corn silage vs. SB - sugarcane bagasse) on fecal starch. Animals were adapted to the high grain diets, starting with 20% of physically effective NDF of each roughage source, and gradually decreased to 10% after 20-d. Final diets contained 19.5% CS or 12% SB, corn grain (70.7 and 78.2% for CS and SB diets, respectively), 5.5% soybean meal, 4% mineral and vitamin mixture and 0.3% urea, on DM basis. Feed intake was daily recorded individually during 104 days using individual pens or Calan-gate system. To determine fecal starch concentration, feces from each animal were sampled on days 0, 58 and 85-d of the feeding period. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS considering roughage source, feed additives and interaction as fixed and block as random effects. No interaction between feed additives and roughage sources was observed. Animals fed CS had 20% higher DMI (P < 0.0001) than those fed SB, but roughage sources not affected (P = 0.15) fecal starch concentration. Diets containing different additives did not affect DMI (P = 0.17); however, animals fed Crina®RumistarTM had 21% lower fecal starch concentration (15.9 vs. 21.1 %DM; P = 0.01) than animals fed MON, respectively. Therefore, supplementation with Crina®RumistarTM is an effective substitute of monensin in finishing cattle fed high concentration diets regardless of roughage source, improving the use of starch by the animals and reducing its excretion, reflecting on a lower environmental impact.
PSXIV-34 Encapsulated nitrate on performance of growing Nellore bulls under grazing system during the dry season
Authors: Figueiredo Cibelle B , Silva Mauricia B , Fernandes Juliano , Calaça Alana M , Rocha Higor , Berti Guilherme F , Araujo Rafael C , Couto Victor R
Published: December 2019

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate as a partial substitute for soybean meals in the concentrate dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed efficiency of Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions, during the dry season. Sixty-four weaned Nellore (initial BW = 177.46±3.77 kg and 9 mo old) were used in a completely randomized assay. The study lasted 84 days on the dry season. Animals were allotted into 16 paddocks of 1.0 ha each of Urochloa brizantha, randomly assigned into one of two treatments: (CTL) supplement with 25% CP, without nitrate inclusion and; (ENP): supplement with 25% CP, with a inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate to each 100 kg of body weight. Animals were fed with concentrate at 1.0% of body weight. Concentrate offered was monitored daily as well as his refusals were collected and weighed to determine daily concentrate dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (F:G). Animals were weighed every 28 d for calculating average daily gain (ADG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, using ANOVA (α = 0.05). No effects of treatments (P > 0.3487) were observed for final BW (246.69 kg). The same for concentrate dry matter intake (P > 0.0550). Animals consumed 2.34 kg of supplement per day. The average daily gain (0.832 kg, P > 0.2649) and feed efficiency (0.356 kg, P > 0.7315) were not affected by the inclusion of nitrate. The inclusion of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate in supplement to Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions during the growing phase did not affect the performance.
PSXIV-24 Immune function and growth performance in beef calves supplemented during backgrounding with live yeast and yeast cell wall in combination with supplemented dams
Authors: Cauble Reagan , Palmer Elizabeth , Powell Jeremy , Cravey Matthew , Reynolds Jana , Kegley Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

Live yeast and yeast cell wall products potentially improve health and performance in cattle during the stocker and feedlot phases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate yeast-product supplementation during late gestation through 88 d of age, and(or) a 42-d backgrounding period on immune function and growth performance. Late gestation cows (n = 97) were assigned randomly to treatment: 1) supplement without yeast (CON) or 2) supplement with yeast products (YP). At weaning, calves from each dam treatment (CON or YP) were pooled by dam treatment and stratified based on BW, sex, dam parity, and sire and split into 8 pens within dam treatment. Pens were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 backgrounding treatments (CON or YP) such that a total of 4 pens/treatment existed. Treatments included: 1) dam YP, calf YP, 2) dam YP, calf CON, 3) dam CON, calf YP, and 4) dam CON, calf CON. Calves were fed 2 kg/d of grain and yeast (5 g/d) was provided in a top-dress (ground corn plus YP). Weaning weights (P = 0.99) and backgrounding ADG (P = 0.29) did not differ. Total ruminal VFA concentrations, sampled on d 0 and 42 post-weaning, were increased in calves from dams supplemented with YP (P = 0.04). There were no effects of treatment (P ≥ 0.32) on molar proportions of acetate and propionate. Haptoglobin (P ≥ 0.49) and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (P ≥ 0.46) were not influenced by treatment but were affected by day (P < 0.01). While there was no effect of YP (P = 0.73) on BVD titers, there was a day effect (P < 0.01) where titers were greatest on d 28 and least on d 0. Post-weaning yeast supplementation in combination with dam supplementation did not improve calf immune function or performance during a 42-d backgrounding period.
PSX-42 Characterization of the effects of high selenium feed on spermatogenesis in rams
Authors: Davis T Zane , Stegelmeier Bryan
Published: December 2019

Selenium (Se) is an essential element that is required by animals to maximize health and production. Some western rangelands contain alkaline soils that are naturally high in Se while others have been contaminated with elevated concentrations of bioavailable Se. Anecdotal evidence of poor reproductive efficiency has been reported on some seleniferous ranges. In order to determine the effects of high Se feeds on spermatogenesis, mature rams were fed alfalfa pellets containing 0.1, 7.5, 15, or 25 ppm Se. Desired Se concentrations were achieved by mixing western aster containing approximately 3,000 ppm Se with alfalfa. Pellets were fed at 3% of body weight for twelve weeks during the breeding season. Semen and blood samples were collected weekly and semen viability, motility, and morphology were evaluated. After twelve weeks of being fed high Se pellets, one testicle from each ram was surgically removed for morphometric and histological evaluation. The rams were then fed a control alfalfa pellet during an eight week recovery period while monitoring and collection of samples continued. At the conclusion of the recovery period the second testicle was surgically removed for analysis. None of the rams demonstrated any visible clinical signs of chronic Se poisoning during the study. Rams fed the high Se-containing alfalfa pellet had a decrease in sperm motility and an increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm. Within several weeks of beginning the recovery period, the negative side effects were reversed. Initial histological surveys suggest minimal histologic changes. This is supported by the rapid recovery of spermatic motility which suggests a maturation defect and not a change in spermatogenesis. These findings indicate that in sheep, subclinical Se intoxication does cause significant male reproductive damage. More work is needed to better characterize this damage and to determine its effect on fertility and production.
PSX-18 Effect of a feed complementation with Cucumis melo upon ovulatory, embrionary and pregnancy rates in grazing goats of northern mexico
Authors: Mendoza-Carreola Jesus , Guillén-Muñoz Juan M
Published: December 2019

In Mexico, the feeding of goat herds kept in pasture is defined by a dry season and a rainy season, the above, coupled with zero complementation at the beginning of their reproductive cycle, directly affects their productivity. The effect of a feed complementation with Cucumis melo upon ovulatory, embrionary and pregnancy rate was evaluated in goats under grazing conditions in rangelands of northern Mexico. Thirty-two multi-racial anovulatory goats, homogeneous regarding body weight (39.05±0.9) and body condition score (2.5±0.3; 1–5 scale) were divided into 2 groups (n = 16). The first group (treated: GT) received a treatment of a complementation of 200g of grounded melon per animal during 14 days, while the second group (control: GC) did not receive any feed complementation. Both groups were grazed during 8 h per day (from 09:00 to 17:00 h). At day 7 of the feed complementation, the goats were synchronized (progesterone + hCG) and artificially inseminated with fresh semen. The ovulatory, embrionary and pregnancy rates were determined by trans-rectal ultrasound at 10, 28 and 45 days, respectively. The ovulatory percentage, embrionary rate and pregnancy were compared using a chi-square test. All statistical analyses were performed using the statistical package MYSTAT 12. The results of the present research show that there were no statistical differences in any of the three evaluated variables, even though the ovulatory percentage was numerically higher for the treated (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the complementation with melon is not an efficient alternative for grazing goats of northern Mexico, as it does not improve the reproductive response.
PSX-29 Levels of hay and narasin inclusion on carcass characteristics and meat composition
Authors: Sardinha Lairana A , Polizel Daniel M , Miszura Alexandre A , Limede Arnaldo C , Barroso José P R , Martins André S , Oliveira Gabriela B , Sturion Thamires U , Ferreira Evandro M , Pires Alexandre Vaz
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to determinate the effects of narasin on carcass characteristics of lambs fed a diet containing different levels. Forty-four lambs were allotted in a randomized complete block design, defined by initial body weight (BW), in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was forage (coastcross hay) inclusion (10 or 20%, DM basis) and the second factor was narasin (0 or 13 ppm). The experimental diets were isonitrogenous (17.4%, DM basis). The experiment lasted 112 days. At the end of the experiment, the lambs were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass characteristics and meat composition. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the LSMEANS option was used to obtain the means. The effects were considered significant when P < 0.05. There was no interaction between forage levels and narasin inclusion. The experimental diets did not affect the slaughter BW (54.8 ± 1.6 kg), hot carcass weight (29.3 ± 0.96 kg), dressing percentage (53.5 ± 0.67%) and LM area (18.8 ± 0.89 cm2). The inclusion of narasin increased 12th-rib fat (2.10 vs 2.75 mm; P < 0.01) and BW thickness (16.9 vs 20.2 mm; P < 0.01). The inclusion of 20% of hay decreased BW thickness (19.21 vs 17.9 mm; P = 0.03). The experimental diets did not affect the moisture (74.2 ± 0.53%) and ash content in meat (1.27 ± 0.04%). Narasin inclusion increased the fat (2.81 vs 3.62%; P < 0.01) and decreased the CP (21.3 vs 20.7%; P = 0.02) in meat composition. The inclusion of 10% of hay increased the fat in meat (3.5 vs 2.9%; P = 0.03), however, did not affect the CP content. In conclusion, the narasin inclusion and levels of hay improve the carcass characteristics and change the meat composition.