bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint Imaging Platform for Federated Clinical Data Analytics
Authors: Scherer Jonas , Nolden Marco , Kleesiek Jens , Metzger Jasmin , Kades Klaus , Schneider Verena , Bach Michael , Sedlaczek Oliver , Bucher Andreas M. , Vogl Thomas J. , Grünwald Frank , Kühn Jens-Peter , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Kotzerke Jörg , Bethge Oliver , Schimmöller Lars , Antoch Gerald , Müller Hans-Wilhelm , Daul Andreas , Nikolaou Konstantin , la Fougère Christian , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Ingrisch Michael , Schachtner Balthasar , Ricke Jens , Bartenstein Peter , Nensa Felix , Radbruch Alexander , Umutlu Lale , Forsting Michael , Seifert Robert , Herrmann Ken , Mayer Philipp , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Penzkofer Tobias , Hamm Bernd , Brenner Winfried , Kloeckner Roman , Düber Christoph , Schreckenberger Mathias , Braren Rickmer , Kaissis Georgios , Makowski Marcus , Eiber Matthias , Gafita Andrei , Trager Rupert , Weber Wolfgang A. , Neubauer Jakob , Reisert Marco , Bock Michael , Bamberg Fabian , Hennig Jürgen , Meyer Philipp Tobias , Ruf Juri , Haberkorn Uwe , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Kuder Tristan , Neher Peter , Floca Ralf , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Maier-Hein Klaus
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE

Image analysis is one of the most promising applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care, potentially improving prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Although scientific advances in this area critically depend on the accessibility of large-volume and high-quality data, sharing data between institutions faces various ethical and legal constraints as well as organizational and technical obstacles.

METHODS

The Joint Imaging Platform (JIP) of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) addresses these issues by providing federated data analysis technology in a secure and compliant way. Using the JIP, medical image data remain in the originator institutions, but analysis and AI algorithms are shared and jointly used. Common standards and interfaces to local systems ensure permanent data sovereignty of participating institutions.

RESULTS

The JIP is established in the radiology and nuclear medicine departments of 10 university hospitals in Germany (DKTK partner sites). In multiple complementary use cases, we show that the platform fulfills all relevant requirements to serve as a foundation for multicenter medical imaging trials and research on large cohorts, including the harmonization and integration of data, interactive analysis, automatic analysis, federated machine learning, and extensibility and maintenance processes, which are elementary for the sustainability of such a platform.

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the JIP as a federated data analytics platform in heterogeneous clinical information technology and software landscapes, solving an important bottleneck for the application of AI to large-scale clinical imaging data.
The Importance of Leptin to Reproduction
Authors: Childs Gwen V , Odle Angela K , MacNicol Melanie C , MacNicol Angus M
Published: November 2020

A healthy nutritional state is required for all aspects of reproduction and is signaled by the adipokine leptin. Leptin acts in a relatively narrow concentration range: too much or too little will compromise fertility. The leptin signal timing is important to prepubertal development in both sexes. In the brain, leptin acts on ventral premammillary neurons which signal kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons to stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Suppression of Kiss1 neurons occurs when agouti-related peptide neurons are activated by reduced leptin, because leptin normally suppresses these orexigenic neurons. In the pituitary, leptin stimulates production of GnRH receptors (GnRHRs) and follicle-stimulating hormone at midcycle, by activating pathways that derepress actions of the messenger ribonucleic acid translational regulatory protein Musashi. In females, rising estrogen stimulates a rise in serum leptin, which peaks at midcycle, synchronizing with nocturnal luteinizing hormone pulses. The normal range of serum leptin levels (10-20 ng/mL) along with gonadotropins and growth factors promote ovarian granulosa and theca cell functions and oocyte maturation. In males, the prepubertal rise in leptin promotes testicular development. However, a decline in leptin levels in prepubertal boys reflects inhibition of leptin secretion by rising androgens. In adult males, leptin levels are 10% to 50% of those in females, and high leptin inhibits testicular function. The obesity epidemic has elucidated leptin resistance pathways, with too much leptin in either sex leading to infertility. Under conditions of balanced nutrition, however, the secretion of leptin is timed and regulated within a narrow level range that optimizes its trophic effects.
Book Review: A.OMISSI, Emperors and Usurpers in the Later Roman Empire: Civil War Panegyric, and the Construction of Legitimacy, Oxford 2018
Authors: STEWART Michael Edward
Published: November 2020

Book Review: A.OMISSI, Emperors and Usurpers in the Later Roman Empire: Civil War Panegyric, and the Construction of Legitimacy, Oxford 2018
Book Review: Archaeology and Urban Settlement in Late Roman and Byzantine Anatolia: Euchaïta-Avkat- Beyözü and its Environment, eds. J. HALDON, H. ELTON and J. NEWHARD, Cambridge University Press 2018
Authors: KARAGIORGOU Olga
Published: November 2020

Archaeology and Urban Settlement in Late Roman and Byzantine Anatolia: Euchaïta-Avkat- Beyözü and its Environment, eds. John Haldon, Hugh Elton and James Newhard, Cambridge University Press 2018
Psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors among frontline doctors of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Barua Lingkan , Zaman Muhammed Shahriar , Omi Fardina Rahman , Faruque Mithila
Published: November 2020

Background: Frontline doctors are the most vulnerable and high-risk population to get the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance and fear of COVID-19 among frontline doctors of Bangladesh during the pandemic, and the associated factors for these psychological symptoms.

Methods: In total, 370 frontline doctors who were involved in the treatment of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients during the pandemic took part in an online cross-sectional study. Recruitment was completed using convenience sampling and the data were collected after the start of community transmission of COVID-19 in the country. Anxiety and depression, sleep disturbance, and fear of COVID-19 were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, two-item version of the Sleep Condition Indicator, and the Fear of Coronavirus-19 scale, respectively. Socio-demographic information, health service-related information, co-morbidity, and smoking history were collected for evaluating risk factors. The proportion of psychological symptoms were presented using descriptive statistics and the associated factors were identified using multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Results: Of the doctors, 36.5% had anxiety, 38.4% had depression, 18.6% had insomnia, and 31.9% had fear of COVID-19. In multinomial logistic regression, inadequate resources in the workplace were found as the single most significant predictor for all psychological outcomes: anxiety and/or depression (severe, OR 3.0, p=0.01; moderate, OR 5.3, p=0.000; mild, OR 2.3, p=0.003), sleep disturbance (moderate, OR 1.9, p=0.02), and fear of COVID-19 (severe, OR 1.9, p=0.03; moderate, OR 1.8, p=0.03).

Conclusions: The study demonstrated a high burden of psychological symptoms among frontline doctors of Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Inadequate resources are contributing to the poor mental health of Bangladeshi doctors. The supply of sufficient resources in workplaces and mental health counseling may help to mitigate the burden of the psychological symptoms identified among the respondents..
The Immune System and Responses to Cancer: Coordinated Evolution
Authors: Coventry Brendon J. , Ashdown Martin , Henneberg Maciej
Published: November 2020

This review explores the incessant evolutionary interaction and co-development between immune system evolution and somatic evolution, to put it into context with the short, over 60-year, detailed human study of this extraordinary protective system. Over millions of years, the evolutionary development of the immune system in most species has been continuously shaped by environmental interactions between microbes, and aberrant somatic cells, including malignant cells. Not only has evolution occurred in somatic cells to adapt to environmental pressures for survival purposes, but the immune system and its function has been successively shaped by those same evolving somatic cells and microorganisms through continuous adaptive symbiotic processes of progressive simultaneous immunological and somatic change to provide what we observe today. Indeed, the immune system as an environmental influence has also shaped somatic and microbial evolution. Although the immune system is tuned to primarily controlling microbiological challenges for combatting infection, it can also remove damaged and aberrant cells, including cancer cells to induce long-term cures. Our knowledge of how this occurs is just emerging. Here we consider the connections between immunity, infection and cancer, by searching back in time hundreds of millions of years to when multi-cellular organisms first began. We are gradually appreciating that the immune system has evolved into a truly brilliant and efficient protective mechanism, the importance of which we are just beginning to now comprehend. Understanding these aspects will likely lead to more effective cancer and other therapies.
Guía para la iniciación a la publicación de artículos científicos
Authors: Iáñez Rodríguez Irene
Published: November 2020

Esta guía desgrana el proceso que se lleva a cabo durante la publicación de arículos científicos, desde su envío hasta que el editor toma una decisión sobre si es publicable o no. También aporta recomendaciones y herramientas para todo este proceso.
Elementos clave para la introducción de la perspectiva de género en las infraestructuras ciclistas
Authors: Obach Lapieza Anna , Ramos Sanz María
Published: November 2020

Gender mainstreaming generated a wide diversity of innovative measures and interventions in new areas not explored until the moment. This is the case of mobility policies, linked to the sustainable urban design and the measures for the environment’s improvement. The literature review and the analysis of the cities’ experiences, allow us to establish some criteria to audit the level of inclusivity of transport infrastructures. In the case of cycling infrastructures, the following criteria have to be taken into account: security, ensuring road safety elements and adequate lighting; conciliation, connecting areas of the city linked to child care, elderly care, daily shopping and personal dealings, through Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis; apply an inclusive and participatory approach, from the comprehension that there is a diverse citizenship with multiple needs and that these have to be taken into account during the design of these policies; and the visibility of cyclist women, as a tool of empowerment and promotion of the use of the bicycle..
Activities for resident wellbeing
Authors: Hong Chia Swee
Published: November 2020

Keeping residents active is critical to overall health, especially in times where their freedom of movement might be restricted. Chia Swee Hong provides the fifth nstalment of his series on resident engagement.
Is publicly-reported firm-level trade data reliable? Evidence from the UK
Authors: Breinlich Holger , Nolen Patrick , Wright Greg C.
Published: November 2020

In this paper we compare firms’ self-reported overseas sales, as reported in a commonly used UK financial reporting dataset, with their actual exports, as reported by Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Finding that these flows are in several dimensions quite different, we then explore the implications of these differences more formally. Since several studies within the international trade literature report findings based on the self-reported export values in financial datasets, we discuss these findings in light of the departure of financial dataset-based exports from “true” (HMRC) export values.
Prediction of PIK3CA mutations from cancer gene expression data
Authors: Kang Jun , Lee Ahwon , Lee Youn Soo
Published: November 2020

Breast cancers with PIK3CA mutations can be treated with PIK3CA inhibitors in hormone receptor-positive HER2 negative subtypes. We applied a supervised elastic net penalized logistic regression model to predict PIK3CA mutations from gene expression data. This regression approach was applied to predict modeling using the TCGA pan-cancer dataset. Approximately 10,000 cases were available for PIK3CA mutation and mRNA expression data. In 10-fold cross-validation, the model with λ = 0.01 and α = 1.0 (ridge regression) showed the best performance, in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). The final model was developed with selected hyper-parameters using the entire training set. The training set AUROC was 0.93, and the test set AUROC was 0.84. The area under the precision-recall (AUPR) of the training set was 0.66, and the test set AUPR was 0.39. Cancer types were the most important predictors. Both insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were the most significant genes in gene expression predictors. Our study suggests that predicting genomic alterations using gene expression data is possible, with good outcomes.
Temporal artery temperature measurements versus bladder temperature in critically ill patients, a prospective observational study
Authors: Cox Eline G. M. , Dieperink Willem , Wiersema Renske , Doesburg Frank , van der Meulen Ingeborg C. , Paans Wolter
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Accurate measurement of body temperature is important for the timely detection of fever or hypothermia in critically ill patients. In this prospective study, we evaluated whether the agreement between temperature measurements obtained with TAT (test method) and bladder catheter-derived temperature measurements (BT; reference method) is sufficient for clinical practice in critically ill patients.

Methods

Patients acutely admitted to the Intensive Care Unit were included. After BT was recorded TAT measurements were performed by two independent researchers (TAT1; TAT2). The agreement between TAT and BT was assessed using Bland-Altman plots. Clinical acceptable limits of agreement (LOA) were defined a priori (<0.5°C). Subgroup analysis was performed in patients receiving norepinephrine.

Results

In total, 90 critically ill patients (64 males; mean age 62 years) were included. The observed mean difference (TAT-BT; ±SD, 95% LOA) between TAT and BT was 0.12°C (-1.08°C to +1.32°C) for TAT1 and 0.14°C (-1.05°C to +1.33°C) for TAT2. 36% (TAT1) and 42% (TAT2) of all paired measurements failed to meet the acceptable LOA of 0.5°C. Subgroup analysis showed that when patients were receiving intravenous norepinephrine, the measurements of the test method deviated more from the reference method (p = NS).

Conclusion

The TAT is not sufficient for clinical practice in critically ill adults.
Clinical outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation without fixation of a plate: The free plate technique
Authors: Lee Han Min , Park Kee Sup , Jeon Yoo Young , Kim Woo Jin , Lee Nam Ho , Kim Kyoung Nam , Kim Chang-sik
Published: November 2020

Objective

This study compared surgical outcomes between free plate Ahmed glaucoma valve (FPAGV) implantation without plate fixation and conventional Ahmed glaucoma valve (CAGV) implantation with plate fixation.

Methods

A retrospective, comparative case series study. Patients with refractory glaucoma who underwent FPAGV or CAGV implantation and were followed >1 year were enrolled consecutively. We reviewed medical records, including data on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and postoperative complications. The success rate and early postoperative hypertensive phase were compared between groups.

Results

A total of 74 patients with CAGV implantations and 36 patients with FPAGV implantations were studied. The average follow-up periods were 23.3 ± 2.6 months (CAGV) and 22.8 ± 2.8 months (FPAGV; p = 0.424). The surgery time was significantly shorter in the FPAGV group than in the CAGV group (42.6 ± 4.1 vs. 47.3 ± 5.4 min; p < 0.001). Postoperative IOP at 1 week and 1 month were significantly lower in the FPAGV group than in the CAGV group (11.8 ± 3.6 and 14.0 ± 5.3 mmHg vs. 18.7 ± 5.5 and 22.2 ± 5.2 mmHg; p = 0.012 and p = 0.002, respectively). An early postoperative hypertensive phase occurred in 62 eyes, and the frequency was greater in the CAGV group (50 eyes) than the FPAGV group (12 eyes; p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (p = 0.735). The success rate was 84.2% in the FPAGV group and 80.6% in the CAGV group 24 months after surgery (p = 0.367).

Conclusion

FPAGV implantation was associated with a shorter surgery time, without any change in the extent of IOP reduction or complication rate. This procedure may be considered a good alternative for CAGV implantation in patients with refractory glaucoma.
The impact of differences in text segmentation on the automated quantitative evaluation of song-lyrics
Authors: Tegge Friederike , Parry Katharina
Published: November 2020

The text-evaluation application Coh-Metrix and natural language processing rely on the sentence for text segmentation and analysis and frequently detect sentence limits by means of punctuation. Problems arise when target texts such as pop song lyrics do not follow formal standards of written text composition and lack punctuation in the original. In such cases it is common for human transcribers to prepare texts for analysis, often following unspecified or at least unreported rules of text normalization and relying potentially on an assumed shared understanding of the sentence as a text-structural unit. This study investigated whether the use of different transcribers to insert typographical symbols into song lyrics during the pre-processing of textual data can result in significant differences in sentence delineation. Results indicate that different transcribers (following commonly agreed-upon rules of punctuation based on their extensive experience with language and writing as language professionals) can produce differences in sentence segmentation. This has implications for the analysis results for at least some Coh-Metrix measures and highlights the problem of transcription, with potential consequences for quantification at and above sentence level. It is argued that when analyzing non-traditional written texts or transcripts of spoken language it is not possible to assume uniform text interpretation and segmentation during pre-processing. It is advisable to provide clear rules for text normalization at the pre-processing stage, and to make these explicit in documentation and publication.
Evaluating the content validity of two versions of an instrument used in measuring pediatric pain knowledge and attitudes in the Ghanaian context
Authors: Kusi Amponsah Abigail , Bam Victoria , Stolt Minna , Korhonen Joonas , Axelin Anna
Published: November 2020

In this article, we compared the content validity of two instruments used in measuring pediatric pain knowledge and attitudes. This was considered necessary due to the universal differences in culture, semantics and healthcare resources in different parts of the globe. Thirteen (13) pediatric experts in Ghana assessed the content validity of two instruments: the 42-item Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (PNKAS) and the 41-item Pediatric Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (PHPKASRP). The relevance and clarity of each item on these instruments were rated on a four-point likert scaled options from 1 (not relevant/ not clear) to 4 (very relevant/ very clear). The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was calculated by dividing the number of experts who rated an item with 3 or 4 by the total number of experts. The average scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was also estimated by summing up the I-CVIs of all items and dividing them by the total number of items. The I-CVIs on the PNKAS ranged from 0.62 to 1.00 for the relevance component and 0.69 to 1.00 for the clarity component. The I-CVIs on the PHPKASRP ranged from 0.62 to 1.00 for both the relevance and clarity components. The S-CVI/Ave were 0.87 and 0.89 for the relevance and clarity aspects on the PNKAS respectively. The S-CVI/Ave for the PHPKASRP instrument were 0.86 and 0.89 for the relevance and clarity aspects correspondingly. At the end of the validation process, 5 items were revised on both instruments whilst 37 and 36 items were maintained on the PNKAS and PHPKASRP instruments respectively. The PNKAS and PHPKASRP have an acceptable level of content validity in the Ghanaian context and recommended for educational and research purposes. Other forms of validity and reliability of these instruments should also be examined in future studies.
Lições de Direito Administrativo
Authors: Andrade José Carlos Vieira de
Published: November 2020

Como o nome indica, esta obra, intitulada “Lições de Direito Administrativo”, destina-se especificamente aos alunos da licenciatura em Direito e reúne os sumários, mais ou menos desenvolvidos, das prelecções feitas nas aulas teóricas das cadeiras de Direito Administrativo I e II na Faculdade de Direito de Coimbra. Depois de uma introdução ao direito administrativo e à Administração Pública, nas suas várias dimensões, nela se abordam, no conjunto das matérias que são objecto de estudo no primeiro semestre, os problemas da vinculação da Administração ao Direito, incluindo a dogmática das relações jurídicas administrativas, bem como os aspectos funcionais e estruturais da organização administrativa, em especial do sistema português. A matéria preleccionada no segundo semestre corresponde ao estudo do regime jurídico da actividade administrativa, designadamente das formas principais que assumem as actuações jurídico-públicas da Administração: o regulamento, o acto e o contrato administrativo.
La comunicación pública de la ciencia y tecnología como acción política en un escenario de crisis
Authors: Céspedes Lucía , Chiavassa Ferreyra Antonio
Published: November 2020

En este trabajo abordamos los aspectos comunicacionales del proceso de movilización del sector científico argentino en contra de las políticas de ajuste implementadas por el gobierno nacional en el período 2015-2019, atendiendo a cómo los científicos implementan estrategias de comunicación pública de la ciencia y la tecnología (CPCT). Buscamos caracterizar la relación entre la CPCT y la política en y para la ciencia, ya que es una de las principales formas en que los agentes del campo científico se vuelcan a la esfera pública para disputar y legitimar sus intereses. Para esto, tomamos algunos ejemplos históricos, y luego reseñamos las acciones de lucha llevadas a cabo por trabajadores del CONICET en 2018-2019. A partir del análisis de documentos públicos dirigidos a las autoridades nacionales y a la ciudadanía argentina, identificamos dimensiones como los actores interpelados, los modelos de ciencia y CPCT subyacentes, y las representaciones transmitidas. También nos interrogamos sobre el rol de la CPCT en un contexto regional inestable donde se alternan modelos políticos y económicos con agendas científicas y tecnológicas dispares. Finalizamos reflexionando acerca del objeto posible de la CPCT en un sistema tecnocientífico desarticulado y en crisis.
La cientifización de la raza: el carácter pseudocientífico de las disciplinas
Authors: Martínez González Celia
Published: November 2020

La naturalización de la raza y los intentos por parte de ciertas disciplinas científicas de elaborar una jerarquización racial forman parte de la historia de la ciencia. En este artículo se analizan disciplinas que pertenecen al denominado “racismo científico” para justificar su carácter pseudocientífico tanto desde una perspectiva diacrónica como desde una perspectiva sincrónica, prestando especial atención a la utilización que en ellas se hace de un concepto esencialista de raza. En primer lugar, se abordan criterios para identificar las pseudociencias, así como rasgos que estas presentan. A continuación, se someten a análisis las disciplinas objeto de estudio, incidiendo en los momentos de transición de unas a otras. Tras ello se concluye que las disciplinas estudiadas fueron afectadas por prejuicios y una fuerte ideología racial que repercuten directamente en su estatus pseudocientífico.
Systemic levels of iron, phosphorus, and total protein in normocyclic versus repeat breeder Holstein Friesian crossbred cows of Kesharbag, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Girija , Dhakal Ishwari Prasad
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: In repeat breeding, a sexually mature cow fails to conceive even after three or more consecutive inseminations despite being without any clinically detectable reproductive anomalies. This is a major cause of economic loss in livestock farms, particularly in developing countries, where humans and livestock directly compete for food, and the mineral content of animal feed is rarely checked. This study investigated the association between systemic iron, phosphorus, and total protein and estrous cyclicity in crossbred Holstein Friesian cows. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 10 normal cyclic and 10 repeat breeder cows 12 h after the onset of estrus. Serum was separated, and iron, phosphorus, and total protein were quantified with spectrophotometry, using standard controls for all three measurement parameters (iron, phosphorus, and total protein). Results: Iron and phosphorus levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the repeat breeders group than in the normocyclic group, but no significant differences were found in total protein levels. Conclusion: Repeat breeding is associated with systemic iron and phosphorus levels but is independent of total protein level.
The Change in William I. Thomas’s View of Biology
Authors: Remisiewicz Łukasz
Published: November 2020

In this article the author shows how the exploding role of biology in William Thomas’s sociology and social psychology has changed. Since the beginning of his career, this researcher addressed numerous topics that involved both biological and social factors – he commented on the nature of gender, race, instincts, prejudice and evolution. His departure point was biologism, which proclaimed that innate predispositions are a variable independent of social processes. In the following years, Thomas changed his beliefs, recognising that it was culture and society that left its mark on physiological and psychological development. The changes in Thomas’s reasoning are described by the author against the background of past and present views on the relationship between society and the brain, claiming that his late views could resonate with today’s approaches.
Deleuze’a i Foucaulta wizje filozofii albo o dwóch strategiach zaangażowania w polu akademickim
Authors: Młoźniak Iwona
Published: November 2020

W artykule wskazuję różnice pomiędzy Foucaultem i Deleuze’em w definiowaniu i odgrywaniu roli filozofa-intelektualisty. Tłem dla analizy jest opis specyficznego usytuowania filozofa w polu akademickim pomiędzy uniwersytetem, gdzie nie może osiągnąć wyższej pozycji, a działaniem publicznym w roli intelektualisty. Tekst skupia się na tym, jak wyobrażenia o tym, kim jest filozof jako myśliciel i jako „intelektualista zaangażowany”, współgrały z napięciami i przeobrażenia w polu tej dyscypliny w XX wieku.
(У)строители тюрем, или Как институты становятся врагами людей? (перечитывая классиков)
Authors: Подвойский Денис Глебович
Published: November 2020

В настоящей статье исследуются логика и механизмы «перерождения» социально-групповых образований, их структурной реконфигурации / «мутации» в процессе кристаллизации и формирования социальных институтов. Особый акцент делается на выявлении противоречивого и парадоксального характера институционализации социальных отношений. Рассматриваются такие прецедентные примеры метаморфоз социальных структур как рутинизация харизмы, превращение секты в церковь, контркультуры в культурный мейнстрим, олигархизация, бюрократизация, эволюция социальных движений. По ходу изложения автор обращается к ряду классических социологических концепций, интерпретирующих феномены социально-групповых и организационных трансформаций, наблюдаемых во многих типах общественных структур, и приводящих к сущностному видоизменению последних. Среди прочего отмечается вклад в исследование обозначенной проблематики М. Вебера, Р. Михельса, Й. Шумпетера, Ж. Эллюля и др. Общей рамкой анализа при этом становится концепция «трагедии культуры» (Г. Зиммель), постулирующая фундаментальный конфликт между творческой агентностью индивида как субъекта действия и устойчивыми (институционализированными и объективированными) формами коллективного опыта, накладывающими множественные ограничения на проявления «свободы» актора и определяющими (исторически складывающиеся и закрепляющиеся) структурные контексты общественной жизни.
Гендерная специфика жизненных планов молодежи Дальнего Востока России
Authors: Исупова Ольга Генриховна
Published: November 2020

Данная статья посвящена жизненным планам студентов и школьников Дальнего Востока, сформулированным ими в ходе фокус-групп по изучению миграции в сентябре — октябре 2019 г. Этим планам свойственна разная степень конкретности, реалистичности или, наоборот, идеалистичности, что не всегда связано с возрастом (самым младшим участникам было 14 лет, самым старшим — чуть более 20). В жизненных планах прослеживается определенная гендерная специфика, ставшая основным предметом рассмотрения в данной статье. Наш исследовательский вопрос состоит в том, насколько эта гендерная специфика воспроизводит традиционные гендерные нормы и идеалы и в какой степени ее коснулись модернизационные представления. Исследование показало, что школьники и студенты Приморского края демонстрируют сложную совокупность традиционных и модернизированных характеристик жизненных планов, причем гендерная составляющая этих особенностей проявляется достаточно ярко и в традиционной, и в «современной» части. У юношей и девушек растет стремление к индивидуализированному жизненному пути и готовность гибко адаптироваться к изменениям всю жизнь.
Effect of the Addition of Hydrofoil on Lift Force and Resistance in 60 M High-Speed Vessel
Authors: Ismail Izzuddin Nadzir , Manik Parlindungan , Indiaryanto Mahendra
Published: November 2020

The development of sea transportation technology is needed to meet the demand for ships that can carry heavier loads and operate at high speeds. Modifications in the form of additional hydrofoil variations were conducted to produce higher lift and reduce the resistance generated by the ship so that the ship can go more efficiently at high speed. This study aims to obtain the effect of adding hydrofoil to ships with variations in the type and shape of foil and find out which types and shapes can reduce resistance on the ship. This research was conducted with several model analysis tests using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) based software, namely Tdyn, at several different speeds. The results of this study show that of the six variation models analyzed, rectangular fully submerged foil models can reduce the total resistance value of the ship by 17.822% from the original ship on Froude Number (Fr) 0.670. The type and shape of the foil is very influential on the lift and resistance produced by the ship.
Challenges for Change Agents. Best Practices at the University Library of Freie Universität Berlin
Authors: Lee Martin , Riesenweber Christina
Published: November 2020

The authors of this article have been managing a large change project at the university library of Freie Universität Berlin since January 2019. At the time of writing this in the summer of 2020, the project is about halfway completed. With this text, we would like to give some insight into our work and the challenges we faced, thereby starting conversations with similar undertakings in the future.
Contrastive linguistic approaches as a key to dilute the stereotype of Chinese as a superhard language
Authors: 马 跃
Published: November 2020

提 要

汉语难学的说法对于汉语作为外语的初学者负面影响是显而易见的。对于非汉字文化圈的汉语学习者来说，对汉字望而生畏的现象尤为普遍。汉字，特别是汉字字形和非字母线索的发音规律，通常给人汉语难学的第一印象。因此，他们初学汉语时往往希冀通过汉语拼音替代汉字，以此来绕过汉字这一汉语学习的“重大障碍”。有些汉语教师也有意无意地顺应汉语初学者的要求，在教学过程中采用汉语拼音替代汉字以化解学生汉语难学的心理。然而，这种忽略汉字对汉语学习重要作用的学习与教学方法事实上具有很强的误导作用，由于汉语存在大量的同音字，这种回避策略常常会给畏惧汉语的学习心理带来雪上加霜的负担。只有还原汉字在汉语学习中的本来面目才有可能有效促进汉语学习，降低学生汉语难学的心理障碍。对于成人汉语学习者来说，通过对汉语和其母语（以英语为例）两种语言的文字特征进行比较分析，采用汉字领先的教学方式，还原汉语拼音与英语音标等同的辅助作用，帮助学生采用灵活的方法摸索汉字意义与发音规律，用母语的语言知识来认识、理解和解构汉语，用自己熟悉的方式观察和学习汉语，从而减少汉语难学的心理障碍。在教学实践中我们发现，采用这种积极直面汉字的初学汉语方法能够帮助学生较快接受汉字，观察还发现：较快接受汉字而且较多使用汉字的初学者的进步幅度明显高于过多依赖拼音的学习汉语者。
Paradigmatic pattern analysis
Authors: Stefanowitsch Anatol
Published: November 2020

The phrase Sprache ist der Schlüssel zur Integration (“language is the key to integration”) is found frequently in the discourse around immigration in the German-speaking countries. Based on a corpus-linguistic analysis of this phrase, this paper proposes the existence of a particular type of constructional idiom I refer to as ‘paradigmatic pattern’. Like a metaphorical pattern (in the sense of Metaphorical Pattern Analysis), a paradigmatic pattern establishes a correspondence between a word occurring in a particular slot of the idiom and another word more typical of that slot, contributing to a conceptual mapping between the domains instantiated by these words. Unlike in the case of metaphorical patterns, the domain evoked by the paradigmatic pattern is not the domain in which the pattern occurs in its literal meaning, but a domain evoked by a highly frequent collexeme in one of the slots. As in the case of metaphorical patterns, however, this collexeme contributes (aspects of) its meaning even when it is replaced by another word. I suggest a generalized version of Metaphorical Pattern Analysis, referred to as Paradigmatic Pattern Analysis, to deal with such expressions.
Perspectiva intercultural em práticas de formação de docentes indígenas
Authors: Rezende Tânia Ferreira , Rodrigues Eunice Moraes da Rocha
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o estatuto do Português Intercultural, língua de relações interculturais, na licenciatura em Educação Intercultural da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Mais especificamente, visa-se discutir sobre como os docentes indígenas nas aulas de Português Intercultural estão significando e conceituando ideologias linguísticas coloniais, tais como linguagem, língua, escrita e padrão linguístico, transformadas em instrumento político de resistência em suas lutas cotidianas. A sustentação empírica são as práticas linguísticas orais e escritas de docentes indígenas, documentadas nas aulas de Português, em 2014 e 2015, e em publicações em livros e periódicos da área. A leitura dos textos é orientada pelos princípios do Paradigma Indiciário (GINZBURG, 2016), e a interpretação dos resultados é fundamentada nos pressupostos da Decolonialidade e pela concepção de língua como prática social. Os resultados mostram que o diálogo intercultural decolonial, nas relações de poder linguístico, não prescinde das estratégias de dominação das próprias forças dominadoras.
Variação fonético-fonológica do desvozeamento das plosivas e as atitudes linguísticas no hunsrückisch no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Lara Claudia Camila
Published: November 2020

O desvozeamento variável das plosivas bilabial, alveolar e velar do português brasileiro foi estudado a partir do contato com a língua de imigração alemã, hunsrückisch. Objetivou-se analisar a relação entre o processo variável e as atitudes linguísticas. O estudo orientou-se pela Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972]) e pelo estudo de atitudes linguísticas (KAUFMANN, 2011; VANDERMEEREN, 2005; LABOV, 2010). Constatou-se que a proporção de desvozeamento na análise de regra variável foi 2,6% e verificou-se no estudo de atitudes linguísticas que os núcleos familiares, geralmente compostos por avós, pais, irmãos, tios e tias, influenciam as práticas sociais, linguísticas e culturais na comunidade. Os resultados evidenciaram também que a escolaridade contribui para as atitudes, com práticas linguísticas em português brasileiro local no ambiente escolar, pois os falantes se orientam à cultura brasileira e à fala em português brasileiro local e buscam fugir ao estereótipo (LABOV, 2008 [1972]) do desvozeamento das plosivas.
De língua de imigração a língua de estudo: caminhos para revitalização da cultura e da língua japonesa no âmbito paulista
Authors: Matsubara-Morales Leiko
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo revisar historicamente o ensino de língua japonesa no contexto paulista de língua de minoria asiática, partindo da perspectiva de seu ensino como Língua de Herança (LH) nas comunidades de japoneses e nipo-descendentes e também seu ensino como Língua Estrangeira (LE) em escolas públicas apresentando como ela está integrada à sociedade brasileira. Para isso, o artigo faz uma breve incursão sobre as intervenções do governo japonês, apresentando sucintamente as principais atividades de instituições como a JICA - Japan International Cooperation Agency e a Fundação Japão; situa a importância do ensino de uma língua asiática de minoria, como é o caso da língua japonesa no contexto universitário, e tece sugestões para uma nova agenda de políticas educacionais considerando os efeitos da tecnologia e da globalização.
As denominações das abóboras no Hunsrückisch sul-americano
Authors: Tavares de Barros Fernando Hélio
Published: November 2020

Provenientes do Novo Mundo, as abóboras se popularizaram em vários continentes após a descoberta da América. No Brasil, as cucúrbitas possuem, em sua maioria, nomenclatura de matriz luso-brasileira. É com esse patrimônio denominativo que os imigrantes alemães se depararam ao chegarem ao Brasil no início do século 19. Este trabalho apresenta dados advindos da aplicação da pergunta 106 do questionário semântico-lexical do Projeto Atlas Linguístico-Contatual das Minorias Alemãs na Bacia do Prata – Hunsrückisch (ALMA-H). A pergunta tinha por objetivo coletar as denominações das abóboras no repertório lexical do Hunsrückisch, língua de imigração alemã falada na Bacia do Prata e no além de suas fronteiras. Guiado pela Dialetologia pluridimensional e relacional (RADTKE; THUN, 1996), o ALMA-H documentou 34 denominações de cucúrbitas. As designações coletadas revelam não só os reflexos do contato linguístico, mas também uma série de neologismos surgidos da necessidade do colono alemão de nomear a natureza da terra que o recebeu.
Desafios de uma educação plurilinguística em um país que se diz monolíngue: um estudo de caso
Authors: Horst Cristiane , Krug Marcelo Jacó
Published: November 2020

Apresentamos, no presente artigo, uma discussão acerca do ser bilíngue desde a infância e dos desafios encontrados, que precisam ser enfrentados e superados, para que a família não desista do seu propósito, principalmente, quando se trata de uma língua de imigração (Deitsch/Deutsch) e o alemão (padrão) em contato com a língua portuguesa. Trazemos uma discussão teórica baseada nas características do bilíngue a partir de Mackey (1972), King e Mackey (2007) e Grosjean (2010) e nos tipos de bilinguismo infantil de Romaine (1995). Dentre os desafios que podem ser encontrados numa educação plurilinguística (BROCH, 2014), destacamos três: i) o mito de que crianças, que aprendem mais de uma língua precocemente, terão dificuldades na escola; ii) o preconceito linguístico, fruto de educação centrada na crença da necessidade de uma homogeneidade linguística e iii) a falta de uma política linguística sensível ao plurilinguismo, tanto de línguas minoritárias, quanto de línguas chamadas “modernas”.
Kabuverdianu no sistema educativo em Cabo Verde e o seu status em relação ao português
Authors: Beckert Ronny
Published: November 2020

Este artigo analisa o discurso sobre a introdução do kabuverdianu no sistema educativo cabo-verdiano dominado pela língua oficial, o português. Também se analisam os efeitos do ensino da língua não-L1 nos participantes assim como a percepção da relação entre português e kabuverdianu (status e prestígio) e a questão da escrita do kabuverdianu. Enquanto a UNESCO vem exigindo o direito de o ensino ocorrer na própria L1, os projetos para integrar o kabuverdianu no sistema educativo cabo-verdiano são discutidos de forma controversa pelos falantes. O estudo é baseado nas respostas de um questionário online, bem como nos comentários dos leitores em artigos disponíveis online. Os apoiantes enfatizam o anseio por um melhor desempenho de aprendizagem dos alunos e a valorização da própria L1. A falta de uma norma crioula bem aceita e o receio de que Cabo Verde se isole (linguisticamente) são razões contra a introdução do crioulo nas escolas cabo-verdianas.
Usefulness of accessible imaging methods in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology
Authors: Rosario Pedro Weslley , Rocha Tiara Grossi , Mourão Gabriela Franco
Published: November 2020

In thyroid nodules (TN) submitted to fine-needle aspiration (FNA), Bethesda categories III and IV are considered ‘indeterminate’ cytology. This result corresponds to 10–25% of all FNAs and the risk of malignancy (RoM) ranges from 10% to 30% for category III and from 15% to 40% for category IV. This review analyzed the practical applicability of accessible imaging method in the management of patients with cytologically indeterminate TN > 1 cm (ITN). When ITN are highly suspicious on ultrasonography (US), the RoM supports surgical indication even in the absence of additional tests. The same can be applied to ITN of intermediate suspicion but with elevated stiffness on elastography. Follow-up without additional tests is acceptable in the case of ITN with low-risk cytology and low-suspicion appearance on US and elastography (if obtained). In the case of ITN without highly suspicious US appearance, 123I scintigraphy may be obtained in patients with TSH < 1–1.5 mIU/L to rule out hyperfunctioning nodules before requesting diagnostic methods that are more expensive and less accessible. In addition, in ITN with not very suspicious US appearance, 18FDG-PET may be obtained. If this method does not reveal nodular uptake, the risk of the nodule corresponding to a macrocarcinoma is sufficiently low in order to allow follow-up. The positive predictive value of focal nodular uptake on 18FDG-PET depends on the pre-test RoM, cytological findings, and maximum SUV. There is currently no evidence for the use of CT, MRI or imaging using 99mTc-MIBI to define the nature of ITN.
Morphology and Function of Myocardium and Skin Microcirculation 24 Hours after Clozapine Poisoning
Authors: Ryzhkov I. A. , Babkina A. S. , Tsokolaeva Z. I. , Kalabushev S. N. , Antonova V. V. , Sergeeva M. V. , Ershov A. V.
Published: November 2020

Aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of sublethal dose of clozapine on the rat cardiovascular system 24 hours after administration of the drug.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on 17 male Wistar rats weighing 220-270 g. Under general anesthesia with sevoflurane, the animals of Group I were enterally given 0.9% NaCl solution, Group II animals received clozapine in a dose of 150 mg/kg diluted in 2.0 ml of NaCl solution 0.9%, Group III animals were given clozapine in a dose of 150 mg/kg diluted in 2.0 ml of 40% ethanol. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), skin microcirculation using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), NADH and FAD+ fluorescence were estimated 24 hours after the drug administration. After euthanasia, autopsy with sampling of internal organs for morphological study was done. Then paraffin heart sections with subsequent H&E staining were made, which were studied using the Nikon Eclipse Ni-U light microscope.Results. Spectral analysis of local skin blood flow fluctuations showed that clozapine reduced Amax and amplitude in all frequency ranges of active microcirculation regulatory system in comparison with the controls. No differences in blood gases and acid-base status were seen between the groups of animals 24 hours after administration of the drugs. However, the animals from clozapine groups (II and III) had lower hemoglobin and hematocrit than in the control group.Histological examination of rat hearts in groups II and III revealed congested venules, haemorrhages by dia-pedeses, perivascular and interstitial edema. The signs of blood stasis and marginalization of granulocytes were noted in the vascular lumen. Irregular staining of myocardium due to cardiomyocytes with hypereosinophilic and occasionally homogeneous cytoplasm, fragmentation and deformations of cardiac cells were revealed. Car-diomyocytic nuclei were polymorphic and irregularly stained, and perinuclear edema was observed.Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate the toxic effect of clozapine manifesting as progressive myocardial alteration and disordered central and peripheral circulation. However, control of bradycardia, restored skin perfusion and metabolic improvement (diagnosed by NADH fluorescence and blood acid-base status) after 24 hours may be due to the activation of compensatory mechanisms, particularly through changes in neurogenic and humoral regulation of homeostasis.
Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Pada Perusahaan High Profile di BEI
Authors: Rivandi Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an important element for the company's success and can provide benefits to the company. The purpose of this study obtained empirical evidence regarding the effect of ownership structure on CSR disclosure. The research population are all high profile companies listed on the IDX. The sample in this study were 42 companies selected by the purposive sampling method. The analysis method used the panel regression method. Based on the hypothesis the results of the study shown that managerial ownership has a negative effect on CSR disclosure, and institutional ownership has a positive effect on CSR disclosure, while public ownership does not effectonCSR disclosure