bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREPARATION OF CHITIN NANOFIBERS-GOLD METALLIC NANOCOMPOSITE BY PHASE TRANSFER METHOD
Authors: SHERVANI ZAMEER , TAISUKE YUKAWA , IFUKU SHINSUKE , SAIMOTO HIROYUKI , MORIMOTO MINORU
Published: October 2012

Chitin nanofibers (CNFs)- Au(0) nanoparticles ( Au NPs) blends in dispersion, flakes and thin film or sheet forms were first prepared by mixing pre-organized Au NPs prepared in triblock copolymer with diluted CNFs suspension. Water soluble polymer triblock copolymer poly (methyl vinyl ether, PMVE) in the amount 0.6 wt.% was used to prepare NPs and 0.12 wt.% net chitin content was used as CNFs suspension to prepare the blended composite. Au NPs of size 4.4 nm (σ = 1.2) were obtained when Au salt ( HAuCl4⋅3H2O (hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate) was reduced by 5 equivalents of NaBH4 . PMVE polymer acted as a stabilizing or capping agent for pre-organized NPs. Completion of reaction was fast, all salt reduced to metallic form in just 15 min after the addition of NaBH4 . CNFs (1 wt.% chitin) which was used to prepare CNFs- Au NPs blend composite were prepared from crab shell in never dried acidic condition by established combination of chemical and mechanical processes that gave 25–40 nm width and high aspect ratio CNFs. When polymer capped Au NPs mixed with CNF suspension, all Au NPs and 56% polymer were mass transferred from water phase to entangle with more polar moieties of CNFs-water suspension as no trace of Au NPs were noticed in water–polymer mother liquor after blending with CNFs suspension. Particles size of CNFs- Au NPs composite was measured by employing TEM, SAXS and SEM techniques. CNFs- Au NPs composite were characterized in solution and compressed dried sheet form by recording digital images, UV-vis and XRD spectroscopies. CNFs- Au NPs suspension had antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria S. aureus.
EFFECT OFCuATOMIC SEGREGATION ON THE FROZEN STRUCTURES OFCo–CuBIMETALLIC CLUSTERS
Authors: ZHANG YINGJIE , LI YONGQIANG , XIAO XUYANG , YAN YUNHUI
Published: October 2012

Atomic segregation in bimetallic clusters can influence the surface constituent and be used to affect the frozen structure. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation with an embedded atom method was used to study the frozen structures of (CoCu)561clusters with different Co contents. It is found that the clusters can freeze to form icosahedron, truncated octahedron, decahedron or hcp with the change of Co contents. In these geometries, the structure of the lowest energy state is hcp, then in turn decahedron and truncated octahedron. The frozen structures are related to the release of excess energy, while the released excess energy was affected by the amount of segregated Cu atoms. This means that the atomic segregation can be used to tune the structures of bimetallic clusters.
Truncated variants of pig somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (sst5) act as dominant-negative modulators for sst2-mediated signaling
Authors: Durán-Prado Mario , Gahete Manuel D. , Delgado-Niebla Elena , Martínez-Fuentes Antonio J. , Vázquez-Martínez Rafael , García-Navarro Socorro , Gracia-Navarro Francisco , Malagon María M. , Luque Raúl M. , Castaño Justo P.
Published: October 2012

Somatostatin (SST) and its related peptide cortistatin (CORT) exert their multiple actions through binding to the SST receptor (sst) family, generally considered to comprise five G protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains (TMD), named sst1–sst5, plus a splice sst2B variant. However, we recently discovered that human and rodent sst5 gene expression also generates, through noncanonical alternative splicing, novel truncated albeit functional sst5 variants with less than seven TMD. Here, we cloned and characterized for the first time the porcine wild-type sst5 (psst5, full-length) and identified two novel truncated psst5 variants with six and three TMD, thus termed psst5TMD6 and psst5TMD3, respectively. In line with that observed in human and rodent truncated sst5 variants, psst5TMD6 and psst5TMD3 are functional (e.g., activate calcium signaling), selectively respond to SST and CORT, respectively, and exhibit specific tissue expression profiles that differ from full-length psst5 and often overlaps with psst2 expression. Moreover, fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis shows that psst5 truncated variants physically interact with psst2, thereby altering their localization at the plasma membrane and specifically disrupting the cellular response to SST and/or CORT. These results represent the first characterization of a key porcine SST receptor, psst5, and, together with our previous results, provide strong evidence that alternative splicing-derived, truncated sst5 variants with distinct functional capacities exist in the mammalian lineage, where they can act as dominant-negative receptors, by interacting directly with long, seven TMD variants, potentially contributing to modulate normal and pathological SST and CORT signaling.
Role of Sonic Hedgehog in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bolaños Alfredo Lozano , Milla Criselda Mendoza , Lira José Cisneros , Ramírez Remedios , Checa Marco , Barrera Lourdes , García-Alvarez Jorge , Carbajal Verónica , Becerril Carina , Gaxiola Miguel , Pardo Annie , Selman Moisés
Published: October 2012

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal disease of unknown etiology and uncertain pathogenic mechanisms. Recent studies indicate that the pathogenesis of the disease may involve the abnormal expression of certain developmental pathways. Here we evaluated the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Patched-1, Smoothened, and transcription factors glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI)1 and GLI2 by RT-PCR, as well as their localization in IPF and normal lungs by immunohistochemistry. The effects of SHH on fibroblast proliferation, migration, collagen and fibronectin production, and apoptosis were analyzed by WST-1, Boyden chamber chemotaxis, RT-PCR, Sircol, and annexin V-propidium iodide binding assays, respectively. Our results showed that all the main components of the Sonic signaling pathway were overexpressed in IPF lungs. With the exception of Smoothened, they were also upregulated in IPF fibroblasts. SHH and GLI2 localized to epithelial cells, whereas Patched-1, Smoothened, and GLI1 were observed mainly in fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. No staining was detected in normal lungs. Recombinant SHH increased fibroblast proliferation ( P < 0.05), collagen synthesis, (2.5 ± 0.2 vs. 4.5 ± 1.0 μg of collagen/ml; P < 0.05), fibronectin expression (2–3-fold over control), and migration (190.3 ± 12.4% over control, P < 0.05). No effect was observed on α-smooth muscle actin expression. SHH protected lung fibroblasts from TNF-α/IFN-γ/Fas-induced apoptosis (14.5 ± 3.2% vs. 37.3 ± 7.2%, P < 0.0001). This protection was accompanied by modifications in several apoptosis-related proteins, including increased expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. These findings indicate that the SHH pathway is activated in IPF lungs and that SHH may contribute to IPF pathogenesis by increasing the proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix production, and survival of fibroblasts.
Insight into DEG/ENaC Channel Gating from Genetics and Structure
Authors: Eastwood Amy L. , Goodman Miriam B.
Published: October 2012

The founding members of the superfamily of DEG/ENaC ion channel proteins are C. elegans proteins that form mechanosensitive channels in touch and pain receptors. For more than a decade, the research community has used mutagenesis to identify motifs that regulate gating. This review integrates insight derived from unbiased in vivo mutagenesis screens with recent crystal structures to develop new models for activation of mechanically gated DEGs.
Interference-Based Decode and Forward Scheme Using Relay Nodes in Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Nishimori Kentaro , Kitao Koshiro , Imai Tetsuro
Published: October 2012

This paper proposes interference-based decode and forward scheme that utilizes relay stations (RSs). In Long-Term-Evolution (LTE-) Advanced, heterogeneous networks in which femto- and picocells are overlaid onto macrocells are extensively discussed. However, interference between macro- and pico(femto)cells arises due to their different transmit power levels. Unlike conventional cooperative transmission schemes, the RS decodes interference in the first transmit timing period and forwards it to the user equipment (UE) in the second period. Moreover, cooperative transmission can be achieved without stopping the transmission from the base station (BS) to UE when forwarding the interference from the RS to the UE by utilizing the fact that signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) between the RS and UE is much greater than that between the BS and UE. The basic performance of the proposed method is shown based on computer simulation. Moreover, the interference temperature and shadowing effect are measured when considering the coexistence between macro- and femtocells, and the performance of the proposed method is verified using measured shadowing effect.
Successful Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Child with Trisomy 21 and Complex Congenital Heart Disease with Mechanical Prosthetic Valve
Authors: Alvi Saima , Shereck Evan , Heran Manraj K. S. , Sandor George G. S. , Rassekh Shahrad Rod
Published: October 2012

A 10-year-old girl with trisomy 21 and complex congenital heart disease presented with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Her chemotherapy required modifications due to poor baseline cardiac status and a mechanical prosthetic heart valve that was dependent on anticoagulation. We describe our management including the use of low-molecular-weight heparin as anticoagulation for a mechanical heart valve, the safe delivery of intrathecal chemotherapy included bridging with unfractionated heparin, and the use of fluoroscopic guidance to minimize the risk of bleeding. Adjustments were made to avoid anthracyclines. The child tolerated therapy well without complications and remains relapse free five years after diagnosis.
Asymptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Patient with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Ishida Takuto , Katagiri Takeshi , Uchida Hiroyuki , Suzuki Takefumi , Watanabe Koichiro , Mimura Masaru
Published: October 2012

Pulmonary embolism is a serious, life-threatening condition and most commonly derives from deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. Once deep vein thrombosis (DVT) reaches a proximal vein (i.e., popliteal vein or higher), pulmonary embolism reportedly occurs in up to 50% of patients.Case Presentation. We report on an inpatient with major depressive disorder in a catatonic state in whom an asymptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis of 11 × 70 mm was detected through routine screening, using doppler ultrasound scanning. Anticoagulant therapy was immediately started and continued for three months, which resulted in resolution of the deep vein thrombosis.Discussion. To our knowledge, this is the first description of asymptomatic proximal DVT that was detected in a psychiatric inpatient setting. In light of the reported causal relationship between DVT and pulmonary embolism, screening for DVT can be of high clinical value in patients with psychiatric disorders, especially when their physical activity is highly compromised.
Renal Parenchyma Perforation and Hematoma Formation following Double-J Stent Insertion in a Solitary Functioning Kidney: An Unusual Complication
Authors: Nomikos Michael S. , Chousianitis Zacharias , Georgiou Christos , Georgellis Chrysostomos , Rikas Panagiotis , Anagnostou Theodoros
Published: October 2012

Double-J ureteral stent insertion is a common urological procedure performed for the relief of ureteral obstruction or as a part of other endourological procedures. Several complications have been reported in the past. A case of a 62-year-old woman who was stented due to hydronephrosis of her solitary functioning left kidney and had renal perforation and retroperitoneal hematoma formation is presented. She was managed conservatively with blood transfusion and double-J stent repositioning in the collecting system the fifth postoperative day. Follow-up noncontrast computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen was performed the first and third months after stent placement which showed stabilization of the hematoma.
A Case of Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma in a Ewe
Authors: Stowe Devorah Marks , Anderson Kevin L. , Guy James S. , Linder Keith E. , Grindem Carol B.
Published: October 2012

An approximately 2-year-old open Suffolk ewe presented to the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Health Complex for evaluation of a left nasal mass. An ultrasound-guided aspirate and core biopsies were performed. An epithelial neoplasia with mild mixed inflammation (neutrophils and plasma cells) was diagnosed on cytology and confirmed on histopathology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and transmission electron microscopy were also performed. IHC and RT-PCR identified the presence of enzootic nasal tumor virus and confirmed the final diagnosis of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma.
Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome and Its Anaesthetic Implications: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Ranju , Kumar Nishant , Arora Sakshi , Bhandari Ritu , Jain Aruna
Published: October 2012

Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a rare disorder that is believed to be caused by exposure of a fetus to the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin. The classic features of fetal hydantoin syndrome include craniofacial anomalies, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiencies, underdeveloped nails of the fingers and toes, and mental retardation. Less frequently observed anomalies include cleft lip and palate, microcephaly, ocular defects, cardiovascular anomalies, hypospadias, umbilical and inguinal hernias, and significant developmental delays. Anaesthesia for incidental surgery in such a patient poses unique challenges for the anesthesiologist. We report the successful management of a 4-year-old male child with fetal hydantoin syndrome, cleft palate, spina bifida, atrial septal defect, and dextrocardia for tibialis anterior lengthening under subarachnoid block.
A Survey of Ant Species in Three Habitats at Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument
Authors: Rango Jessamy J.
Published: October 2012

Ants were surveyed in three habitats at Mount St. Helens in 2008. The area most impacted by the 1980 eruption is the Pumice Plain. Less impacted is the Blowdown Zone where trees were toppled due to the blast. Two habitats were surveyed in the Pumice Plain varying in vegetation density (Pumice Plain Low-Vegetation (PPLV) and Pumice Plain High-Vegetation (PPHV)), and one habitat was surveyed in the Blowdown Zone (BDZ). Ten ant species were collected with the most species collected from the BDZ habitat and the least from the PPLV habitat. Ant abundance was higher at the BDZ and PPHV habitats than at the PPLV habitat. Ant biodiversity was highest at the BDZ habitat than at the PPHV and PPLV habitats. Significant correlations between ant community parameters and plant community parameters were also found. Few plants in the PPLV habitat may contribute to the lack of ants. High ant species richness at the BDZ habitat may be due to complex plant architecture. Results from this study suggest that ants are important focal species in tracking biotic recovery following disturbances.
A Feasibility Study for Life Signs Monitoring via a Continuous-Wave Radar
Authors: Soldovieri Francesco , Catapano Ilaria , Crocco Lorenzo , Anishchenko Lesya N. , Ivashov Sergey I.
Published: October 2012

We present a feasibility study for life signs detection using a continuous-wave radar working in the band around 4 GHz. The data-processing is carried out by using two different data processing approaches, which are compared about the possibility to characterize the frequency behaviour of the breathing and heartbeat activity. The two approaches are used with the main aim to show the possibility of monitoring the vital signs activity in an accurate and reliable way.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Different T-Helper Cell Subsets Differentiation and Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chen Junwei , Li Junxia , Gao Huiying , Wang Caihong , Luo Jing , Lv Zhiqin , Li Xiaofeng
Published: October 2012

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune disorder. Loss of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance has been reported in several inflammatory autoimmune diseases. This study was to investigate Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg differentiation and related cytokines in RA patients. The frequencies of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in peripheral blood of RA patients (n=76) and healthy controls (n=18) were determined by flow cytometry. Eight serum cytokines were analyzed using cytometric bead array. The results demonstrated that RA patients exhibited increased peripheral Th1/Th17 cells and Th1/Th17-related cytokines. However, Th1 cells only reached significant difference at advanced stage, but Th17 at all stages, suggesting more important roles in Th17 cells. For Th2 and Treg cells, there was a different function pattern in RA progression. Although with the increase of DAS28 score, Th2 cell experienced some degree of decrease in RA patients, no significant difference was observed. IL-4 and IL-10 showed a significant increase in RA patients. These indicated that Th2 cells might exert immunosuppression effects mainly by secreting cytokines. Treg cells were found significantly decreased in RA patients, but no difference was observed in TGF-βexpression, indicating a cell-cell interaction pattern in Treg cell.
Investigating the Relationship between Topology and Evolution in a Dynamic Nematode Odor Genetic Network
Authors: Fitzpatrick David A. , O'Halloran Damien M.
Published: October 2012

The relationship between biological network architectures and evolution is unclear. Within the phylum nematoda olfaction represents a critical survival tool. For nematodes, olfaction contributes to multiple processes including the finding of food, hosts, and reproductive partners, making developmental decisions, and evading predators. Here we examine a dynamic nematode odor genetic network to investigate how divergence, diversity, and contribution are shaped by network topology. Our findings describe connectivity frameworks and characteristics that correlate with molecular evolution and contribution across the olfactory network. Our data helps guide the development of a robust evolutionary description of the nematode odor network that may eventually aid in the prediction of interactive and functional qualities of novel nodes.
Spin Current Switching and Spin‐Filtering Effects in Mn‐Doped Boron Nitride Nanoribbons
Authors: Nemnes G. A.
Published: October 2012

The spin transport properties are investigated by means of the first principle approach for boron nitride nanoribbons with one or two substitutional Mn impurities, connected to graphene electrodes. The spin current polarization is evaluated using the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism for each structure and bias. The structure with one Mn impurity reveals a transfer characteristics suitable for a spin current switch. In the case of two Mn impurities, the system behaves as an efficient spin‐filter device, independent on the ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic configurations of the magnetic impurities. The experimental availability of the building blocks as well as the magnitudes of the obtained spin current polarizations indicates a strong potential of the analyzed structures for future spintronic devices.
DNA-Binding and Topoisomerase-I-Suppressing Activities of Novel Vanadium Compound Van-7
Authors: Mo Xiao-mei , Chen Zhan-fang , Qi Xin , Li Yan-tuan , Li Jing
Published: October 2012

Vanadium compounds were studied during recent years to be considered as a representative of a new class of nonplatinum metal anticancer agents in combination to its low toxicity. Here, we found a vanadium compound Van-7 as an inhibitor of Topo I other than Topo II using topoisomerase-mediated supercoiled DNA relaxation assay. Agarose gel electrophoresis and comet assay showed that Van-7 treatment did not produce cleavable complexes like HCPT, thereby suggesting that Topo I inhibition occurred upstream of the relegation step. Further studies revealed that Van-7 inhibited Topo I DNA binding involved in its intercalating DNA. Van-7 did not affect the catalytic activity of DNase I even up to100 μM. Van-7 significantly suppressed the growth of cancer cell lines with IC50at nanomolar concentrations and arrested cell cycle of A549 cells at G2/M phase. All these results indicate that Van-7 is a potential selective Topo I inhibitor with anticancer activities as a kind of Topo I suppressor, not Topo I poison.
The Evidence before One’s Eyes: A Case Report on Schizo-Obsessive Disorder
Authors: Martin Elliott B.
Published: October 2012

Obsessive compulsive disorder is still considered primarily an anxiety disorder, though historically there has always been a question of whether obsessive-compulsive symptoms may be more properly considered psychotic in nature, the so-called schizo-obsessive disorder or subtype. A case is presented here of a middle-aged man with debilitating obsessive-compulsive symptoms of sudden onset in his late teens. Given the nature of onset and symptomatology, and the failure of prior therapies, the case was approached as a primary psychotic disorder. The neuroleptic-naive patient had remarkable response to low-dose antipsychotic medication, as well as to psychodynamic psychotherapy modeled along the lines of neuroplasticity. The case illustrates the blurred distinctions among anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders and the improved outcomes when the proper underlying disorder is addressed.
A Simulation Study of the Fundamental Vibrational Shifts of HCl Diluted in Ar, Kr, and Xe: Anharmonic Corrections Effects
Authors: Padilla A. , Pérez J.
Published: October 2012

We have calculated the vibrational solvent shifts of the fundamental bands of HCl diluted in Ar, Kr, and Xe solutions at different thermodynamic conditions by means of the molecular dynamics technique and a model for the isotropic part of the interaction depending on the vibration. The theoretical vibrational shifts, which were compared with the available experimental data, have been determined by considering both, the usual linear Buckingham terms and the nonlinear anharmonic corrections, and the latter omitted in a previous work for the HCl in Ar and Kr. We have found that the Buckingham contributions dominate the solvent shifts of the fundamental bands of HCl in Ar, Kr, and Xe, although the anharmonic shifts’ present significant greater values than those obtained previously for N2 diluted in liquid Ar and pure liquid N2, both at normal conditions. We have analyzed the solvent shifts influence of the linear and quadratic (in the vibrational coordinate) oscillator-bath interaction terms and also the Dunham intramolecular potential effects on the anharmonic contributions.
Adaptive Neural Control for a Class of Outputs Time‐Delay Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Wang Ruliang , Li Jie
Published: October 2012

This paper considers an adaptive neural control for a class of outputs time‐delay nonlinear systems with perturbed or no. Based on RBF neural networks, the radius basis function (RBF) neural networks is employed to estimate the unknown continuous functions. The proposed control guarantees that all closed‐loop signals remain bounded. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A Method for Queue Length Estimation in an Urban Street Network Based on Roll Time Occupancy Data
Authors: Ma Dongfang , Wang Dianhai , Bie Yiming , Sun Feng , Jin Sheng
Published: October 2012

A method estimating the queue length in city street networks was proposed using the data of roll time occupancy. The key idea of this paper is that when the queue length in front of the queue detector becomes longer, the speeds of the following vehicles to pass through the detector will become smaller, resulting in higher occupancy with constant traffic intensity. Considering the relationship between queue lengths and roll time occupancy affected by many factors, such as link length, lane width, lane number, and bus ratio, twelve different conditions were designed, and the traffic data under different conditions was obtained using VISSIM simulation. Based on the analysis of simulation data, an S‐type logistic model was decided to develop for the relationship between queue lengths and roll time occupancy, and the fitting equations were obtained under the twelve simulation situations. The average model for the relationship between queue lengths and roll time occupancy was presented by successive multiple linear regression with the fitting equation parameters and simulation parameters, and the estimation model for queue length was presented through analyzing the equation of the average relation model.
An SLBRS Model with Vertical Transmission of Computer Virus over the Internet
Authors: Yang Maobin , Zhang Zhufan , Li Qiang , Zhang Gang
Published: October 2012

By incorporating an additional recovery compartment in the SLBS model, a new model, known as the SLBRS model, is proposed in this paper. The qualitative properties of this model are investigated. The result shows that the dynamic behavior of the model is determined by a threshold ℛ0. Specially, virus‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if ℛ0 ≤ 1, whereas the viral equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if ℛ0 > 1. Next, the sensitivity analysis of ℛ0 to four system parameters is also analyzed. On this basis, a collection of strategies are advised for eradicating viruses spreading across the Internet effectively.
Creative Careers and Territorial Development: The Role of Networks and Relational Proximity in Fashion Design
Authors: Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: October 2012

Geater Montreal is the third largest city in North America for the garment industry in terms of labour force, after Los Angeles and New York. The industry has however changed partly into a service industry, centered on fashion design, with a focus on international competitiveness but also the role of fashion in Montreal's economic and territorial development. Our article analyzes careers in the fashion design sector, sheds light on the evolution of creative sectors, and shows how these sectors could be better supported to favor local development, as neighborhoods and space design appear important in these creative sectors. We situate our analysis in the theoretical context of career theories, and analyze key moments in careers and the role of intermediate organizations and government programs in supporting these careers. Our paper makes a contribution to our knowledge of career paths in the fashion industry, but also to the role of relational proximity in supporting these careers, and thus local development. It highlights the importance of personal connections, the milieu in which the individual works and functions, the creativity of the individual, as well as the role of the local support organizations and professional associations, including agencies of the provincial government.
ITP Adjuster 1.0: A New Utility Program to Adjust Charges in the Topology Files Generated by the PRODRG Server
Authors: Medeiros Diogo de Jesus , Cortopassi Wilian Augusto , Costa França Tanos Celmar , Pimentel André Silva
Published: October 2012

The suitable computation of accurate atomic charges for the GROMACS topology *.itp files of small molecules, generated in the PRODRG server, has been a tricky task nowadays because it does not calculate atomic charges using an ab initio method. Usually additional steps of structure optimization and charges calculation, followed by a tedious manual replacement of atomic charges in the *.itp file, are needed. In order to assist this task, we report here the ITP Adjuster 1.0, a utility program developed to perform the replacement of the PRODRG charges in the *.itp files of small molecules by ab initio charges.
Influence of Preoperative Intravitreal Bevacizumab on Visual Function in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ushida Hiroaki , Kachi Shu , Asami Tetsu , Ishikawa Kohei , Kondo Mineo , Terasaki Hiroko
Published: October 2012

Purpose: Although bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is effective in treating ocular neovascularization, there are some concerns about whether blocking VEGF might be harmful to retinal neurons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on the visual function of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods: Thirty eyes of 23 patients (13 men and 10 women) with PDR who were treated at the Nagoya University Hospital from November 2006 to October 2009 were studied. All of the eyes were treated with 1.25 mg/0.05 ml of IVB 2–8 days before the vitrectomy. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Nagoya University, and a written informed consent was obtained from each patient. All of the eyes had an active proliferative membrane with vitreous hemorrhage, but the fundus was visible. The mean age of the patients was 41.6 ± 10 years (range, 27–59), and the mean follow-up period was 9.7 ± 8.9 months (range, 1–24) after the vitrectomy. The visual acuity (VA) was measured, the visual fields were determined by Goldmann perimetery, and full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded before IVB, and before and after the vitrectomy. Fluorescein angiography was also performed before and after IVB. The area of the visual field was measured using a computer software (Scion Image). Results: All eyes showed a regression of the new vessels and a reduction of fluorescent leakage from the new vessels after IVB. In addition, there was less bleeding during the removal of the proliferative membrane. The average VA was improved postoperatively from 20/250 to 20/70. However, there was no significant change in the amplitudes of the a- (from 261.4 to 259.2 µV) and b-waves (from 256.9 to 253.3 µV) of the ERGs, and there was no significant change in the visual field area after the surgery (from 8,322.5 to 7,496.3 degrees2). No significant ocular or systemic adverse events were observed. Conclusion: IVB-assisted vitrectomy led to an improvement of the VA in eyes with PDR without significant adverse events. There was no change in the visual fields and ERGs. Although only a small number of patients were studied, we conclude that IVB is most likely not harmful to retinal neurons if bevacizumab is washed out in less than 1 week. In addition, preoperative IVB made the surgery much easier by decreasing the activity of new vessels.
Delay Discounting of Reward and Caudate Nucleus Volume in Individuals with α-Synuclein Gene Duplication before and after the Development of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Szamosi András , Nagy Helga , Kéri Szabolcs
Published: October 2012

Background/Aims: α-Synuclein (SNCA) may be a key factor in dopaminergic neurotransmission, reward processing, and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We investigated delay discounting of reward and caudate volume in SNCA gene duplication carriers before and after the development of PD. Methods: Participants were 7 presymptomatic SNCA duplication carriers who later developed PD (follow-up period: 5.4 years) and 10 matched non-carrier controls. At the follow-up assessment, patients received levodopa (l-DOPA) therapy. Delay discounting of reward was assessed with the Kirby discounting questionnaire. We measured the volume of the caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex using structural MRI and FreeSurfer software. Results: In the presymptomatic stage, carriers showed similar delay discounting and caudate volume to that of non-carrier controls. However, after the development of PD, we observed a significant elevation in delay discounting (impulsive decisions) and reduced caudate volume. There was no cortical atrophy. Conclusion: Impaired reward-related decision making and caudate volume loss are not detectable in the presymptomatic stage in SNCA duplication carriers. These behavioral and neuroanatomical alterations are observed after the development of clinical symptoms when there is extensive neurodegeneration. Study limitations include a small sample size as well as the potential confounding effect of general cognitive decline.
Stent-Based Thrombectomy Versus Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Patients With Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Leker Ronen R. , Eichel Roni , Gomori John M. , de Noriega Fernando Ramirez , Ben-Hur Tamir , Cohen Jose E.
Published: October 2012

Background and Purpose—

Our goal was to compare outcomes of patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusions treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with those of patients treated with stent-based thrombectomy (SBT).

Methods—

Patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusions included in our prospective stroke registry were identified. Patients presenting with moderate to severe stroke defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥10 were included. Patients treated with tPA were compared with those treated with SBT. Disability was measured with the modified Rankin Scale and shifts toward favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to determine outcome modifiers.

Results—

We included 22 patients treated with SBT and 66 treated with tPA. Patients treated with SBT had higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (median 21 vs 14.5;
P
<0.001) and prolonged symptom onset-to-treatment times (median 240 vs 95 minutes;
P
<0.001). At discharge, the magnitude of change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was larger in the thrombectomy group (median 12 vs 6 points;
P
<0.001). At 90 days poststroke there was a shift toward favorable outcome in the thrombectomy group (60% vs 37.5%;
P
=0.001). Treatment allocation did not impact outcome in the regression analysis.

Conclusions—

Treatment of patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusions with SBT resulted in a shift toward more favorable outcomes compared with tPA. Randomized controlled studies are needed to explore whether treatment with SBT should be used in patients presenting within the first hours after stroke.
Mesoscale Variations of the Atmospheric Snow Line over the Northern Sierra Nevada: Multiyear Statistics, Case Study, and Mechanisms
Authors: Minder Justin R. , Kingsmill David E.
Published: October 2012

Observations from several mountain ranges reveal that the height of the transition from snowfall to rainfall, the snow line, can intersect the terrain at an elevation hundreds of meters below its elevation in the free air upwind. This mesoscale lowering of the snow line affects both the accumulation of mountain snowpack and the generation of storm runoff. A unique multiyear view of this behavior based on data from profiling radars in the northern Sierra Nevada deployed as part of NOAA’s Hydrometeorology Testbed is presented. Data from 3 yr of storms show that the mesoscale lowering of the snow line is a feature common to nearly all major storms, with an average snow line drop of 170 m.

The mesoscale behavior of the snow line is investigated in detail for a major storm over the northern Sierra Nevada. Comparisons of observations from sondes and profiling radars with high-resolution simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) show that WRF is capable of reproducing the observed lowering of the snow line in a realistic manner. Modeling results suggest that radar profiler networks may substantially underestimate the lowering by failing to resolve horizontal snow line variations in close proximity to the mountainside. Diagnosis of model output indicates that pseudoadiabatic processes related to orographic blocking, localized cooling due to melting of orographically enhanced snowfall, and spatial variations in hydrometeor melting distance all play important roles. Simulations are surprisingly insensitive to model horizontal resolution but have important sensitivities to microphysical parameterization.
Changes in the Metastability of the Midlatitude Southern Hemisphere Circulation and the Utility of Nonstationary Cluster Analysis and Split-Flow Blocking Indices as Diagnostic Tools
Authors: O’Kane Terence J. , Risbey James S. , Franzke Christian , Horenko Illia , Monselesan Didier P.
Published: October 2012

Changes in the metastability of the Southern Hemisphere 500-hPa circulation are examined using both cluster analysis techniques and split-flow blocking indices. The cluster methodology is a purely data-driven approach for parameterization whereby a multiscale approximation to nonstationary dynamical processes is achieved through optimal sequences of locally stationary fast vector autoregressive factor (VARX) processes and some slow (or persistent) hidden process switching between them. Comparison is made with blocking indices commonly used in weather forecasting and climate analysis to identify dynamically relevant metastable regimes in the 500-hPa circulation in both reanalysis and Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) datasets. The analysis characterizes the metastable regime in both reanalysis and model datasets prior to 1978 as positive and negative phases of a hemispheric midlatitude blocking state with the southern annular mode (SAM) associated with a transition state. Post-1978, the SAM emerges as a true metastable state replacing the negative phase of the hemispheric blocking pattern. The hidden state frequency of occurrences exhibits strong trends. The blocking pattern dominates in the early 1980s, and then gradually decreases. There is a corresponding increase in the SAM frequency of occurrence. This trend is largely evident in the reanalysis summer and spring but was not evident in the AMIP dataset. Further comparison with the split-flow blocking indices reveals a superficial correspondence between the cluster hidden state frequency of occurrences and split-flow indices. Examination of composite states shows that the blocking indices capture splitting of the zonal flow whereas the cluster composites reflect coherent block formation. Differences in blocking climatologies from the respective methods are discussed.
Political Consumerism and New Forms of Political Participation
Authors: Graziano Paolo R. , Forno Francesca
Published: October 2012

Political consumerism has become one of the most promising research fields in social movement and political participation studies. However, most research has focused mainly on the more personalized and less collective version of such forms of action, leaving largely unexplored the nature and dynamic of some new local grassroots organizations (such as the so-called Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale, or Solidarity Purchasing Groups [SPGs] in Italy). The influence of such forms of political participation in contemporary democracies has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this article is to provide an in-depth exploratory case study of SPGs in Italy, which more specifically focuses on the main definitional, organizational, and sociodemographic features of SPG participation. The article shows that the Italian SPGs are locally based hybrid pressure movements that go beyond conventional forms of political consumerism by adopting innovative organizational and participatory tools.
A strain energy based failure criterion for nonlinear analysis of composite laminates subjected to triaxial loading
Authors: Zand Behrad , Butalia Tarunjit S , Wolfe William E , Schoeppner Greg A
Published: October 2012

A new strain energy based failure model is developed for fibrous composite laminates under multi-axial loadings, taking into account the effect of hydrostatic stress. A failure mode dependent exponential stiffness reduction model is used to predict material response beyond the initial failure. Predicted mechanical responses and failure envelopes are presented for the 12 benchmark test cases of Part A of the Second World Wide Failure Exercise. The cases cover a wide variety of isotropic, unidirectional and multidirectional laminates under combined in-plane, out-of-plane and triaxial loadings. Both stress–strain curves and the complete failure envelopes were successfully predicted. In some instances, the failure envelopes were open. The predictions together with suitable adjustment of certain parameters are compared with test data in Part B of the Second World Wide Failure Exercise, to be published in Journal of Composite Materials.
The Structure of the Upper Class: A Social Space Approach
Authors: Flemmen Magne
Published: October 2012

This article seeks to identify the internal divisions within the ‘upper class’ of Norway, defined as comprising different types of property owners, top executives and business managers. Bourdieu’s concepts of social space and forms of capital are applied to construct a social space of the Norwegian economic upper class by subjecting 12 indicators of capital to Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Central issues in the sociology of elites and upper classes are addressed, including the role of educational credentials in upper class reproduction, and the salience of divisions by social origin. The article reveals a maintained division between owners and employees (managers, executives, business professionals) in an age of ‘financialisation’. Furthermore, the divisions established are related to the segmentation of the upper class by occupation and industry.
A Disciplinary Matter: Critical Sociology, Academic Governance and Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Cooper Geoff
Published: October 2012

Calls for interdisciplinary research practice are an increasingly ubiquitous feature of contemporary academic life. However, whilst the claims made for its benefits, or limitations, are diverse in character and provenance, it is possible to identify one significant source as being related to modes of academic governance. This relation has significant effects, but is also obscured by the heterogeneity of wider claims. A critical analysis of the relation is therefore needed in order to assess its significance for sociology: however, the mode of governance in question itself poses challenges to the idea or project of sociological critique. This article therefore attempts firstly to clarify the specificity of interdisciplinarity as a feature of academic governance, and secondly, drawing on Boltanski’s recent reformulation of sociological critique, to begin a critical analysis of its significance for sociology within this particular governmental context.
Using Twitter to Reinforce Classroom Concepts
Authors: Blessing Stephen B. , Blessing Jennifer S. , Fleck Bethany K. B.
Published: October 2012

Social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook have become very popular among college students. These sites enable people to be in constant contact and communication. Their value in meeting educational objectives is less clear. We use Twitter “tweets” to remind students of psychology topics while they are outside of class. The intervention itself was straightforward: Students received an informative tweet about once per day. Students remembered these topics significantly better in a test situation. The Twitter intervention appears to be an effective way to increase memory for important class concepts.
H∞ filtering for switched non-linear systems with polytopic uncertainties via filter state impulsive jump approach
Authors: Xiang Weiming , Xiao Jian
Published: October 2012

The H∞ filtering problem of switched non-linear systems with polytopic uncertainties is addressed in this paper. A novel filter with state impulsive jump is proposed to ensure the stability of error system and guarantee a prescribed noise attenuation level in the H∞ sense by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and determining an impulsive jump relation for filter state at switching instant. The LMIs are derived via a Lyapunov function approach and the impulsive jump relation is deduced by both Lyapunov functions and the switching surface. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Role of NOD1‐Mediated Signals in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Shin Ji‐Hyeon , Kim Soo Whan , Park Yong‐Soo
Published: October 2012

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), an innate immune sensor, on allergic inflammation and induction of regulatory T cells in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. We also aimed to explore whether there were differences in the effect of NOD1 ligand according to the timing of administration.

Study Design

An in vivo study using an animal model.

Setting

Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science.

Subjects and Methods

Forty BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups: control, OVA, pre‐NOD1, and post‐NOD1. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used for sensitization and challenge. The pre‐NOD1 group received NOD1 ligand intranasally before sensitization, whereas the post‐NOD1 group received it after sensitization. The effects of allergic inflammation and regulatory T cells were compared among the groups.

Results

In the post‐NOD1 group, serum OVA‐specific IgE, eosinophil counts, interleukin (IL)–13 levels, and GATA‐3 mRNA expression were significantly increased and Foxp3+ mRNA expression and CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells were decreased compared with the OVA group. In the pre‐NOD1 group, Foxp3 mRNA expression and CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells were significantly decreased compared with the OVA group. Although not significant, the pre‐NOD1 group showed increases in serum OVA‐specific IgE, eosinophil counts, IL‐13 levels, and GATA‐3 mRNA expression compared with the OVA group.

Conclusion

The innate immune response through NOD1 enhances allergen‐specific Th2 response and suppresses induction of regulatory T cells in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis, and the effects are different depending on the timing of exposure to NOD1 ligand.
Researchers of the World, Create!
Authors: Koro-Ljungberg Mirka
Published: October 2012

In this article, the author wants to work against simplified and mechanical notions of qualitative research simultaneously illustrating that researchers have a choice. The author aims to create an overlapping and plural text that is dynamic, presenting possibilities for surprise and more intensive experiences with research and texts. More specifically, the author disrupts the traditional ordered narrative in a conceptualizing and critiquing of methodological simplicity through the use of voids, intervals (reflections, disclosures, images), and examples from other researchers. The author proposes that methodological multiplicity and complexity can move researchers toward conceptual, analytical, and interpretive spaces that can meet the needs of ever-changing communities of practice.
Against Simplicity, Against Ethics
Authors: Childers Sara M.
Published: October 2012

Simplified understandings of qualitative inquiry as mere method overlook the complexity and nuance of qualitative practice. As is the call of this special issue, the author intervenes in the simplification of qualitative inquiry through a discussion of methodology to illustrate how theory and inquiry are inextricably linked and ethically necessary. The goal of this article is to explore the ways in which Derridean deconstruction inspired an analytics of disruption as quasi-methodology, and to use this as an entry point to discuss how theory is a move toward ethical practice. The author discusses how this analytics drives quasi-methodological practices that embrace intertextuality, aporias, and difference. The author’s study of a high-achieving, high-poverty high school in Ohio provides a micro view of how theory serves to hold me accountable to the complexities of doing research with/for/on the lives of “urban” students. In conclusion, the author attends to the notion of ethics itself as a quasi-concept to think about the refusal of an innocent ethics as a last gesture against simplicity.