bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant-based skin lightening agents: A review
Authors: Hanif Nadzira , Al-Shami Abdulkareem Mohammed Ahmed , Khalid Kamarul Ariffin , Hadi Hazrina Ab
Published: March 2020

Hyperpigmentation is a skin disorder that occurs widely in the human population in which darkened patches or spots appear on the skin. Cosmetic products containing natural skin lightening agents are regarded as a safe alternative and effective approach to this hyperpigmentation problem. The review paper aims to discuss on some potential plant species with skin lightening properties by focusing on the presence of responsible bioactive compounds and their specific mechanisms of action in minimizing melanin production in hyperpigmentation problem. The finding shows that different bioactive compounds have various modes of action on melanin biosynthesis pathway including tyrosinase inhibition, melanosomes transfer inhibition, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Some plants with skin lightening activity contain several bioactive compounds which contribute to an enhancement of skin lightening effects and inhibition of hyperpigmentation. In conclusion, the screening of potential skin lightening ingredients from natural sources is very crucial process before formulation development for an effective skin lightening product.
Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Demografik Özellikleri İle Kişisel Gelişimleri Arasındaki Farklılığın İncelenmesi
Authors: AKKUŞ Gülizar , AKKUŞ Çetin
Published: March 2020

Turizm tüketimi, özünde kendilik
hissini keşfetmeye çalışan bireyle ilgilidir. Bu keşif ise çoğu zaman olumlu
bir değişim yani kişisel gelişim ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Sırt çantalı gezginlerin
de seyahat şekli ve süresi göz önüne alındığında, diğer turist tiplerine
nazaran seyahatleri sonrasında kendilerinde algıladıkları ya da hissettikleri
değişikliklerin daha fazla olduğu söylenebilir. Bu araştırmada Türk sırt
çantalı gezginlerin seyahatleri sonrasında hissettikleri kişisel gelişimi
tespit edebilmek ve gezginlerin demografik özelliklerine göre kişisel
gelişimlerinin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Evrenin
belirsizliği sebebiyle kartopu örneklemesine başvurulmuştur. Veri toplama aracı
olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Sırt çantalı gezginlerin kişisel
gelişimlerini ölçebilmek amacıyla Chen, Bao & Huang (2014) tarafından
tasarlanan “sırt çantalı gezgin kişisel gelişim ölçeği”nden faydalanılmıştır.
Veriler 2018 yılı Eylül-Ekim aylarında toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere
farklılık analizleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda gezginlerin cinsiyet
dışında diğer tüm değişkenler açısından kişisel gelişimlerinin anlamlı
farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.    

Tourism consumption, in essence, is about the individual who is trying
to discover the sense of self. This discovery often results in a positive
change, ie personal development. Considering the type and duration of travel of
the backpackers, it can be said that the changes they perceive or feel after
their travels more than the other types of tourists. In this study, it is aimed
to determine the personal development of the Turkish backpackers after their
travels and to determine whether their personal development differs according
to the demographic characteristics of the travelers. Snowball sampling was
applied due to the uncertainty of the universe. Survey technique was used as
data collection tool. In order to measure the personal development of backpackers,
“backpacker personal development scale” designed by Chen, Bao & Huang
(2014) was utilized. Data were collected in September-October 2018. Difference
analysis were applied to the data. As a result of the study, it was determined
that the personal development of the travelers in terms of all variables other
than gender showed significant differences.
Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Dil Öğrenme Stratejilerinin ve Yabancı Dile Yönelik Kalıplaşmış Düşüncelerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BAYSAL Seda , BERKANT Hasan Güner
Published: March 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, meslek
yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin dil öğrenme stratejileri ve yabancı dile yönelik
kalıplaşmış düşüncelerinin çeşitli değişkenler bağlamında incelemektir.
Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini,
2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılı güz döneminde bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim
gören 1759 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise, bu evrenden
rastgele seçilen toplam 552 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, “Dil
Öğrenme Stratejileri Ölçeği” ve “Yabancı Dile Yönelik Kalıplaşmış Düşünce
Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde, bağımsız
gruplar t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), Tukey anlamlılık testi ve Pearson
korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; katılımcıların dil
öğrenme stratejilerinin ve yabancı dile yönelik kalıplaşmış düşüncelerinin
ortalama değer aralığında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, meslek yüksekokulu
öğrencilerinin dil öğrenme stratejileri arasında öğrenim görülen bölüm,
İngilizce kursuna katılma ve İngilizce ders başarısına göre istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı fark tespit edilirken, cinsiyet ve mezun olunan lise türü
değişkenlerine göre anlamlı fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra,
cinsiyete ve İngilizce kursuna katılma durumuna göre meslek yüksekokulu
öğrencilerinin yabancı dile yönelik kalıplaşmış düşünceleri arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunurken, mezun olunan lise türü, öğrenim
görülen bölüm ve İngilizce ders başarısına göre farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Öğrencilerin dil öğrenme stratejileri ve yabancı dile yönelik kalıplaşmış
düşünceleri arasında, orta düzeyde, doğrusal ve ters yönde anlamlı bir ilişki
olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Fen Bilimleri Öğretmen Adaylarının Kendi Tasarladıkları Öğretim Materyallerine İlişkin Görüş ve Değerlendirmeleri
Authors: KIZKAPAN Oktay , SARITAŞ Davut
Published: March 2020

Türkiye’nin 44 farklı üniversitesinde
öğrenim gören 288 öğretmen adayı ile gerçekleştirilen bu tarama çalışmasının
amacı fen bilimleri öğretmen adaylarını kendi hazırladıkları öğretim
materyallerine yönelik görüş ve değerlendirmelerinin belirlenmesidir. Bir anket
aracılığı ile toplanan verilerin betimsel analizinden elde edilen bulgulara
göre öğretmen adayları materyallerinin tasarımı aşamasında ilgili literatürde
yer bulan bazı ilkeleri göz önünde tutmakla birlikte ekonomiklik gibi farklı
ölçütleri de dikkate almışlardır. Materyallerin hali hazırdaki ürünler olarak
durumlarına ilişkin değerlendirmeleri açısından elde edilen bulgular öğretmen
adaylarının yaklaşımlarının materyallerinin özgün ve yaygın bir materyal olması
açısından farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Diğer bir farklılaşma dikkate değer
bir bulgu olarak materyallerinin derse katkısı ve derste kullanımı
noktasındadır. Öğretmen adaylarının bir kısmı ders sonu tekrar, hatırlatma gibi
vurgular üzerinden materyallerinin kullanımı değerlendirirken, bir kısmı ise
etkinlik, katılım, iletişim gibi vurgular ile değerlendirmektedir. Bulgulardan
yola çıkıldığında öğretmen adaylarının kendi tasarladıkları materyallerine
yönelik görüş ve değerlendirmeleri bu hususta literatürde yer bulan tasarım ve
materyal niteliğine ilişkin kabuller ile nispeten uyumlu olsa da aktif öğrenme
bağlamında öğrenciyi ders katmada kullanılan öğretim etkinliklerine materyalleri
entegre etme ve bu noktadaki katkılarına yönelik farkındalıklarının,
materyallerine yönelik eleştirel değerlendirmelerinin yeterli olmadığı
görülmektedir. Bu nedenle ilgili lisans derslerinde öğretmen adaylarının
materyallerini yöntem ile entegrasyonu ve uyumunu fark edebilecekleri
içeriklerin sağlanması önerilebilir.
Orta Koridor Girişimi Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Orta Asya’ya Yönelik Politikaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TOPRAK Nuri Gökhan
Published: March 2020

Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde Türkiye Orta Asya
bölgesine yönelik temel dış politikasını iki temel argümana dayandırılmıştır.
Bu argümanlar Orta Asya’da yeni kurulan devletlerin bağımsızlığının
desteklenmesi ile bölge devletlerinin siyasi ve iktisadi istikrarın sağlanması
ekseninde şekillenmiştir. Türkiye bu dış politika bağlamında bölgenin, Soğuk
Savaş sürecinde sekteye uğrayan, uluslararası toplumla bütünleşmesini de
güçlendirecek şekilde, gerek bölge devletlerinin kendi aralarında gerekse
bölgeye komşu diğer devletlerle pek çok alanda işbirliği ortamı oluşturacak
girişimler planlamıştır. Okuyacağınız çalışma, Türkiye’nin Orta Asya’ya yönelik
gerçekleştirmeye çalıştığı projeler içerisinden ulaştırma alanıyla
ilişkilendirilen Orta Koridor Girişimini Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri
Bakanlığı tarafından Türkiye’nin temel dış politika konuları arasında yer
verilen çok taraflı ulaştırma politikası bağlamında ele alacaktır. Orta Koridor
Girişimi ele alınırken kavramsal çerçeve uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininin
dış yardım kavramı ile çizilecektir. Çalışmanın devamında Türkiye tarafından
tamamlanan ya da devam etmekte olan projelerin güncel durumları sunulacaktır. Çalışmanın
sonuç kısmında ise Türkiye’nin Orta Asya bölgesine yönelik dış politikasında Soğuk
Savaş sonrasından günümüze bir değişim olup olmadığı anlaşılmaya
çalışılacaktır.
Türkçe Öğretiminde Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızları ile Buna Yönelik Öğretmen Tutum ve Görüşleri
Authors: ÜNVEREN Dilek
Published: March 2020

Her ölçünlü dilin temelinde bir ağız vardır. Bu anlamda çalışmada; ağız, diyalekt, varyasyon gibi kavramlar açıklanmış ve ilgili tartışmalar ortaya konmuştur. Türkçe öğretimiyle değişik açılardan birçok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen Türkçe öğretiminde ağız bilimini konu eden detaylı bir çalışmanın olmaması nedeniyle Türkçe öğretiminin sorunları, perspektifi, dil-kültür ilişkisi gibi unsurları bağlamında ağız konusu bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan metinlerde Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarıyla ilgili olan söz varlığı derlenmiş ve betimsel olarak araştırmada gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, 151 Türkçe öğretmenine Anadolu Ağızlarına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Ek olarak, Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarının öğrenme-öğretme ortamlarında metinler yoluyla yer verilmesi ve kendi yeterlilikleri bağlamında görüşleri alınmış, veriler içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Türkçe öğretmenlerinin Anadolu ağızlarının Türkçe derslerinde kullanılan metinlerde yer almasına yönelik olumlu bir tutum ve görüşe sahip oldukları, ancak kendilerini bu alanda yeterli görmedikleri tespit edilmiştir. 5-8 Türkçe ders kitaplarında ağız özellikleri gösteren söz varlığının bulunduğu da araştırma sonucunda edinilen bulgulardandır.
Association of zinc administration with growth suppression of intracranial aneurysms via induction of A20
Authors: Hayashi Kosuke , Kataoka Hiroharu , Minami Manabu , Ikedo Taichi , Miyata Takeshi , Shimizu Kampei , Nagata Manabu , Yang Tao , Yamamoto Yu , Yokode Masayuki , Miyamoto Susumu
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Zinc is an essential micronutrient with multiple biological effects, including antiinflammation. Previously, the authors demonstrated that the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is strongly related to chronic inflammation. In this study, the authors investigated whether administration of zinc inhibits the growth of IAs in a rat model.

METHODS

The authors analyzed surgically induced IAs in Sprague-Dawley male rats, which were subsequently treated with intraperitoneal injections of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4; 3 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 4 weeks.

RESULTS

Size and wall thickness ratios of experimentally induced IAs were assessed in both treatment groups after induction and in a control group. The effects of zinc administration in IAs were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Zinc administration significantly suppressed aneurysm size and also preserved the internal elastic lumen. Administration of zinc significantly attenuated infiltration of macrophages into IAs.

CONCLUSIONS

Zinc treatment significantly increased expression of the antiinflammatory signaling protein A20, an inhibitor of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, in rat IAs. Zinc administration may prevent the growth of rat IAs by inducing A20-attributed inactivation of NF-κB signaling.
Spreading depolarization may represent a novel mechanism for delayed fluctuating neurological deficit after chronic subdural hematoma evacuation
Authors: Mohammad Laila M. , Abbas Mohammad , Shuttleworth C. William , Ahmadian Rosstin , Bhat Annapoorna , Hill Deirdre A. , Carlson Andrew P.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Most patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) recover after surgical evacuation with a straightforward course. There is a subset of patients who develop transient and fluctuating deficits not explained by seizures, stroke, or mass effect after evacuation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether these postoperative neurological deficits may be related to temporary brain dysfunction caused by cortical spreading depolarizations (SDs).

METHODS

The authors conducted a prospective observational study of 40 patients who underwent cSDH evacuation. At the time of surgery, a 1 × 6 subdural electrode strip was placed on the cortex parallel to the subdural drain. Clinical outcomes were assessed utilizing the Markwalder Grading Scale, need for clinical EEG for new deficit, and presence of new deficits.

RESULTS

Definitive SD was detected in 6 (15%) of 40 patients. Baseline and cSDH characteristics did not differ between patients with and without SD. More patients experienced postoperative neurological deterioration if they had SD (50%) compared to those without SD (8.8%; p = 0.03). Only 2 patients in the entire cohort demonstrated early neurological deterioration, both of whom had SD. One of these cases demonstrated a time-locked new focal neurological deficit (aphasia) at the start of a series of multiple clusters of SD.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first observation of SD occurring after cSDH evacuation. SD occurred at a rate of 15% and was associated with neurological deterioration. This may represent a novel mechanism for otherwise unexplained fluctuating neurological deficit after cSDH evacuation. This could provide a new therapeutic target, and SD-targeted therapies should be evaluated in prospective clinical trials.
Trautmann-focused mastoidectomy for a simple, safe presigmoid approach: technical note
Authors: Tanahashi Kuniaki , Uda Kenji , Araki Yoshio , Takeuchi Kazuhito , Choo Jungsu , Chalise Lushun , Motomura Kazuya , Ohka Fumiharu , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Natsume Atsushi
Published: March 2020

The presigmoid approach (PSA) is selected to obtain more lateral access to cerebellopontine angle tumors, brainstem cavernous malformations, or vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms than the standard retrosigmoid approach. However, mastoidectomy for the PSA can be considered time-consuming and to carry a higher risk of complications due to the anatomical complexity of the region. The authors established a method of minimized mastoidectomy focused on exposing Trautmann’s triangle as the corridor for the PSA while maximizing procedural simplicity and safety and maintaining a sufficient operative view. The authors present their method of minimized mastoidectomy in a cadaver dissection and operative cases, showing potential as a useful option for the PSA.
Vertebral artery aneurysms and the risk of cord infarction following spinal artery coverage during flow diversion
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A. , Kapadia Anish , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Parra-Fariñas Carmen , Kühn Anna Luisa , Nicholson Patrick J. , Waqas Muhammad , Renieri Leonardo , Michelozzi Caterina , Foreman Paul M. , Phan Kevin , Yang I-Hsiao , Tutino Vincent M. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Radovanovic Ivan , Harrigan Mark R. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Levy Elad I. , Limbucci Nicola , Cognard Christophe , Krings Timo , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Thomas Ajith J. , Marotta Thomas R. , Griessenauer Christoph J.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Coverage of the anterior spinal artery (ASA) ostia is a source of considerable consternation regarding flow diversion (FD) in vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms due to cord supply. The authors sought to assess the association between coverage of the ASA, posterior spinal artery (PSA), or lateral spinal artery (LSA) ostia when placing flow diverters in distal VAs and clinical outcomes, with emphasis on cord infarction.

METHODS

A multicenter retrospective study of 7 institutions in which VA aneurysms were treated with FD between 2011 and 2019 was performed. The authors evaluated the risk of ASA and PSA/LSA occlusion, associated thromboembolic complication, complications overall, aneurysm occlusion status, and functional outcome.

RESULTS

Sixty patients with 63 VA and posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms treated with FD were identified. The median aneurysm diameter was 7 mm and fusiform type was the commonest morphology (42.9%). During a procedure, 1 (61.7%) or 2 (33.3%) flow diverters were placed. Complete occlusion was achieved in 71.9%. Symptomatic thromboembolic complications occurred in 7.4% of cases and intracranial hemorrhage in 10.0% of cases. The ASA and PSA/LSA were identified in 51 (80.9%) and 35 (55.6%) complications and covered by the flow diverter in 29 (56.9%) and 13 (37.1%) of the procedures, respectively. Patency after flow diverter coverage on last follow-up was 89.2% for ASA and 100% for PSA/LSA, not significantly different between covered and noncovered groups (p = 0.5 and p > 0.99, respectively). No complications arose from coverage.

CONCLUSIONS

FD aneurysm treatment in the posterior circulation with coverage of ASA or PSA/LSA was not associated with higher rates of occlusion of these branches or any instances of cord infarction.
Mallarmé und die metaphorischen Kreise des Nichts
Authors: Schmelzer Felix
Published: March 2020

Le présent travail propose une analyse de l'œuvre de Stéphane Mallarmé du point de vue métaphorique . Il part de la considération suivante: la notion du »rien« constitue le point de gravitation autour duquel s'assemblent les métaphores
centrales qui créent elles-mêmes d'autres groupes métaphoriques . En ce sens, l'œuvre de Mallarmé peut être décrite comme une carte métaphorique caractérisée par des concrétisations graduelles du »rien«,
qui se dévoilent selon trois champs sémantiques principaux: poétologique, érotique et sacré . Nous avons choisi de centrer l'analyse sur le champ poétologique, dont le »rien« se concrétise pro- gressivement dans le »blanc«,
la »blancheur du papier«, le »poème aux blancs«, la »plume«, et diverses »créatures plumées« inspiratrices comme »l'ange« ou le »cygne« .
Von der Kubanischen zur digitalen Revolution: Zeitstrukturen des Revolutionsgedächtnisses in der kubanischen Blogosphäre
Authors: Brander Miriam Lay
Published: March 2020

Basándose en una serie de entradas de blog que se publicaron en las semanas después del LX. aniversario del triunfo de la Revolución Cubana, este artículo analiza cómo se conmemora este acontecimiento en la blogosfera cubana y cómo los bloggers
se posicionan frente al discurso mnemónico mantenido por el régimen cubano. Versa sobre la cuestión de saber en qué medida las entradas reproducen, modifican o niegan la lógica temporal de la versión historiográfica dominante. Se mostrará
que, en la blogosfera cubana, las narrativas genealógico-teleológicas del discurso revolucionario coexisten con figuras temporales alternativas. A diferencia de los medios de comunicación estatales, la blogosfera cubana abre un espacio virtual en que las versiones diferentes
y hasta conflictivas de la memoria de la Revolución pueden enfrentarse. Este espacio no sólo va más allá de los límites geográficos o territoriales, sino también de lo políticamente decible.
PENGARUH VARIASI BERAT ARANG SEKAM PADI SEBAGAI MEDIA ADSORBEN DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR BESI (Fe) PADA AIR DI BANYUMAS
Authors: Aini Syarifatul Nur , Triyantoro Budi , Abdullah Sugeng
Published: March 2020

Aktivitas manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup pasti menghasilkan dampak terhadap lingkungannya. Salah satunya aktivitas di industri yang menghasilkan limbah. Air limbah industri yang mengandung logam berat merupakan toksikan yang mempunyai daya racun yang tinggi. Menurut Sugiarto (1987) air limbah yang mengandung besi (Fe) berasal dari kegiatan industri, terutama pada industri penyepuhan logam. Kadar besi dalam air dapat diturunkan dengan menggunakan karbon aktif sebagai media adsorben. Karbon aktif dapat diperoleh dari arang, salah satunya arang sekam padi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membuat mengetahui pengaruh variasi berat arang sekam padi untuk menurunkan kadar besi (Fe) pada air.Jenis penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimen dengan metode pre and post design. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu kadar besi (Fe). Terdapat 3 replikasi dan 3 perlakuan. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 9 sampel. Uji statistic yang digunakan yaitu Kruskal Wallis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi berat arang sekam padi tidak berpengaruh dengan penurunan kadar besi (Fe) pada air, dengan hasil siginifikan 0,109. Tetapi, variasi berat arang sekam padi yang paling berpengaruh yaitu variasi berat 2 kg dengan signifikan 0,05.Simpulan dari hasil penelitian bahwa secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada penggunaan arang sekam padi dalam menurunkan kadar besi (Fe) pada air. Disarakan sebaiknya perlu memperhatikan kembali kualitas arang sekam padi yang digunakan, serta bahan untuk pembuatan besi (Fe).
Pengaruh Pemakaian Perasan Akar Rumput Alang-alang Sebagai Hand Sanitizer Terhadap Angka Kuman Tangan Cleaning Service
Authors: Putri Rizki Amalia , Ramlan Djamaluddin , Khomsatun Khomsatun
Published: March 2020

Akar rumput alang-alang (imperata cylindrica) mengandung senyawa yang dapat berfungsi sebagai anti mikroba yaitu golongan triterpenoid diantaranya cylindrin, arundoin, ferneon, isoarborinol, dan  sikiarenol. Golongan triterpenoid termasuk ke dalam jenis saponin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan cara membersihkan tangan dari kuman menggunakan handsanitizer berbahan akar rumput alang-alang.Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah penelitian pre experiment dengan rancangan pre test dan post test design. Analisis statistik yang digunakan Anova One Way. Metode penelitian dengan cara pemeriksaan angka kuman tangan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan handsanitizer berbahan akar rumput alang-alang.Handsanitizer perasan akar rumput alang-alang dengan dosis yang berbeda yaitu dosis 5 ml, dosis 10 ml dan dosis 15 ml. Rata-rata angka kuman sebelum perlakuan 5 ml = 800 CFU/cm2 dan sesudah perlakuan  5 ml = 508 CFU/cm2 secara statistik tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan (p=0,767 atau p 0,05). Rata-rata angka kuman sebelum perlakuan 10 = 817 CFU/cm2 dan sesudah perlakuan 10 ml = 950 CFU/cm2 secara statistik tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan (p=0,919 atau p 0,05). Rata-rata angka kuman sebelum perlakuan 15 ml = 1008 CFU/cm2 dan sesudah perlakuan 15 ml = 1217 CFU/cm2 secara statistik tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan (p=0,847 atau p 0,05). Dari ketiga dosis tersebut setelah di uji menggunakan uji Anova One Way menunjukan nilai p(sig) 0,539 yang artinya jika pa maka Ha di tolak.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak ada pengaruh pemakaian perasan akar rumput alang-alang (imperata cylindrica) sebagai handsanitizer terhadap penurunan angka kuman. Peneliti selanjutnya sebaiknya menurunkan dosis perasan akar rumput alang-alang di bawah 5 ml agar lebih efektif dalam menurunkan angka kuman pada tangan.
Teaching Czech German Refugees at Tate Creek, British Columbia, During World War II
Authors: Raptis Helen
Published: March 2020

Abstract This paper explores the experiences of two teachers of Czech German refugees who settled at Tate Creek, British Columbia after Hitler’s annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938. In an era which pre-dates the genesis of the term “English as a Second Language” (ESL), Amy (Brown) Dauphinee and Celia (Stickney) Dowding employed pedagogical techniques that closely resembled those advocated by today’s ESL experts. This research also raises questions about the roles schools played in Canada’s war effort. The extent to which children and teachers engaged in war-related activities depended on many factors, including a teacher’s personal qualities and skills as well as the nature of the community. Résumé Cet article traite des expériences de deux enseignantes qui ont travaillé auprès de réfugiés tchèques d’origine allemande installés à Tate Creek, Colombie-Britannique, après l’annexion par l’Allemagne des Sudètes en 1938. À une époque précédant l’apparition du terme « anglais langue seconde (ASL) » Amy (Brown) Dauphinee et Celia (Stickney) Dowding employaient des techniques pédagogiques qui s’apparentaient à celles utilisées de nos jours par les experts d’ASL. L’étude soulève également des questions quant au rôle joué par les écoles dans l’effort de guerre canadien. L’étendue de l’engagement du personnel et des élèves dans des activités liées à la guerre dépendait de plusieurs facteurs dont la personnalité et les aptitudes des enseignants, ainsi que du caractère de la communauté où l’école se trouvait.
“The Ayn Rand School for Tots”: John Dewey, Maria Montessori, and Objectivist Educational Philosophy during the Postwar Years
Authors: Reid Jason
Published: March 2020

Objectivism, the libertarian philosophy established by Ayn Rand during the postwar years, has attracted a great deal of attention from philosophers, political scientists, economists, and English professors alike in recent years, but it hasn’t received much notice from historians with an interest in education. This article will address that problem by discussing how Rand and her followers established a philosophy of education during the 1960s and 1970s that was based, in part, on vilifying the so-called collectivist ideas of John Dewey and lionizing the so-called individualist ideas of Maria Montessori. Unfortunately, the narrative that emerged during this time seriously misrepresented the ideas of both Dewey and Montessori, resulting in a somewhat distorted view of both educators.
The ‘Bilingual Incubator’: Student Attitudes Towards Bilingualism at Glendon College, 1966-1971
Authors: Trepanier James , Englebert Robert
Published: March 2020

Abstract:York University’s Glendon College, specialized in liberal arts, opened in 1966 in an atmosphere of national crisis. English-French relations appeared to be deteriorating as a result of the changes wrought by the Quiet Revolution in Quebec.  Glendon College was conceived as an experiment in bilingual education which could help bridge the two solitudes by producing a new generation of bilingual public servants. This study discusses Glendon student attitudes towards bilingualism from 1966 until 1971, when university administrators eliminated mandatory bilingualism by admitting a separate English unilingual stream at the college. Though many Glendon students were interested in the same issues of social and generational politics as their peers at other institutions, they displayed a particular enthusiasm and regard for the politics of bilingualism and Canadian unity. Whether by organizing a nationally televised forum on Quebec society and politics, contesting the place of students in the governing structures of the university or debating how to best sustain a bilingual college in the heart of Toronto, students worked to recast the “Glendon experiment” to fit their own visions of bilingualism and national unity. Résumé: Le Collège Glendon, spécialisé en arts libéraux (humanités et sciences sociales) de l’Université York a ouvert ses portes en 1966 alors qu’il régnait au pays une atmosphère de crise. Les relations entre anglophones et francophones semblaient se détériorer surtout à cause des changements apportés par la Révolution tranquille du Québec. Glendon a été conçu à titre d’essai en éducation bilingue avec l’intention de jeter un pont entre les deux solitudes en assurant une nouvelle génération de fonctionnaires bilingues. Cette étude analyse les attitudes des étudiants envers le bilinguisme depuis 1966 jusqu’en 1971, l’année où les administrateurs de l’université supprimèrent le bilinguisme obligatoire en élargissant les critères d’admission au Collège pour y accueillir une cohorte d’étudiants unilingues anglophones. Quoique beaucoup d’étudiants s’intéressaient aux mêmes questions de politiques sociales de leur génération que leurs pairs dans d’autres institutions, ils firent preuve d’un intérêt et d’un enthousiasme particuliers vis-à-vis des politiques de bilinguisme et d’unité nationale. Les étudiants travaillèrent avec zèle à refondre « l’expérience Glendon » pour concorder avec leurs propres visions de bilinguisme et d’unité nationale, soit en organisant un forum sur la société et les politiques du Québec, soit en réclamant une place pour les étudiants dans les structures de gouvernance de l’université, ou encore, en entamant des débats sur la façon d’assurer la meilleure viabilité d’un collège bilingue au cœur de Toronto.
One Officer Factory: The Royal Military College and Officer Education since 1955
Authors: Wakelam Randall
Published: March 2020

Abstract: This article describes how between 1955 and 2000 the Royal Military College developed and operated a range of undergraduate and graduate degree programmes which satisfied the learning needs of the Canadian Forces.  In so doing the College, actually a degree granting university with a charter from the province of Ontario, was able to meet the educational vision laid down in 1969 shortly after the three military services had been unified.  More fundamentally, it shows how senior military leaders and the faculty of RMC were able to work together to provide the military profession with the intellectual skills and professional knowledge to deal with complex and often ambiguous security and defence challenges. Résumé: Cet article décrit comment, entre 1955 et 2000, le Collège militaire royal (CMR) a développé et mis en œuvre plusieurs programmes de premier cycle et d’études supérieures pour satisfaire aux besoins de formation des Forces armées canadiennes. En vertu d’une charte de la province de l’Ontario, ce collège fut autorisé à offrir des grades universitaires et put ainsi réaliser les objectifs en éducation formulés en 1969, peu de temps après l’unification des trois corps d’armée. Plus fondamentalement, ce texte montre comment les leaders militaires et les professeurs du CMR ont travaillé ensemble pour doter la profession militaire de compétences intellectuelles et de savoirs professionnels afin d’affronter les défis complexes et souvent ambigus de la sécurité et de la défense.
Educational Reform in Ontario: The Importance of Pleasant Avenue School, 1962-1975
Authors: Clausen Kurt
Published: March 2020

Abstract:This study examines the history of Pleasant Avenue School in Willowdale, Ontario, during a time when its staff engaged in a significant experiment in curriculum and pedagogical design. As one of the pioneering schools of the Open Concept Plan (and accompanying team-teacher strategies) as early as 1962, it became an archetype for countless reproductions throughout the province, and of great inspiration to recommendations made in the influential Hall-Dennis Report of 1968. Through records, interviews, and other primary print/audio visual sources, this study details the school’s connections to American counterparts, the factors that led to its immediate success, the influence that it had on the province, and the eventual collapse of the experiment by the end of the decade.Résumé: Cet article analyse l’histoire de la Pleasant Avenue School à Willowdale en Ontario, à l’époque où ses enseignants entreprenaient une expérience d’importance touchant la conception des programmes d’étude et des méthodes pédagogiques. En tant que l’une des écoles pionnières de l’Open Concept Plan (et des stratégies d’enseignement en équipe qui l’accompagnaient), cette expérience est devenue, dès 1962, le modèle pour d’innombrables écoles dans la province et une inspiration pour les recommandations de l’influent rapport Hall-Dennis de 1968. À travers des documents, entretiens et autres sources primaires, cette étude explique en détail les liens entre l’école et ses contreparties américaines, les facteurs qui ont contribué au succès de l’expérience, l’influence de ce succès dans la province et son éventuelle fin abrupte vers la fin des années 1960.
Épilogue sur le débat sur l’enseignement de l’histoire au Québec
Authors: Éthier Marc-André , Cardin Jean-François , Lefrançois David
Published: March 2020

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Elaboration and industrial implementation of lean alloy steel rolled stock production for structures of road bridges
Authors: Pridein A. A. , Prokopenko L. V. , Samokhina O. V. , Zubov S. P. , Shablya D. A. , Pemov I. F.
Published: March 2020

Within the national project “Safe and quality automobile roads” realization a big number of bridge passages will be constructed, including steel road bridges with small (14–42 m) spans instead of reinforced concrete bridges. Application of metal rolled products of 10ХСНД, 15ХСНД, 10ХСНДА, 15ХСНДА steels in the steel structures of bridges with small spans results in unreasonable increase the costs of the bridges structures. This circumstance stipulates necessity to elaboration and implementation of cheap lean alloy steel for manufacturing standard short-spanned bridges. The steel production should involve minimal and lean alloying method and ensure complex of operation properties in normalized state. At JSC “Ural Steel” an experiment work was accomplished for elaboration lean alloy steel 12Г2СБД due to STO 13657842-1 having standard yield strength 345 MPa. In cooperation with NIZ “Mosty”, OJSC “CNIIS” and CNIIchermet after I.P. Bardin technical specifications of plates for short-spanned bridges were elaborated and approved. Comprehensive technology of 12Г2СБД steel plate production was elaborated. A trial batch of 12Г2СБД steel plates was produced and shipped to ZAO “Kurganstalmost”. Study of welding and technological characteristics of the trial batch plates was carried out. The study showed, that the plates of 12Г2СБД steel have low sensitiveness against heat action of a welding thermal cycle and can be used in welding structures of steel bridge spans providing keeping the plant and assembling welding technology by standard regimes (due to welding technology of steel 10–15ХСНД). Application of the plant and assembling technology at welding by standard regimes makes it possible to use the plates of the elaborated steel for manufacturing metal structures of short-spanned metal bridges for various weather conditions. The plated can be used for both a regular performance (the calculated minimum temperature is down to –40 °С inclusive) and a northern performance Zone A (the calculated minimum temperature is down to –50 °С inclusive).
Study of non-metallic inclusions composition in rail joints welded seams, obtained at their contact arc welding
Authors: Polevoi E. V. , Kozyrev N. A. , Shevchenko R. A. , Usol’tsev A. A.
Published: March 2020

The quality of welded rail joints depends on various factors, in particular, on the type and quantity of non-metallic inclusions, formed at their contact arc welding. To check a hypothesis of the cause-effect of welded joint mechanical properties decrease and composition of non-metallic inclusions in the welded seams, their chemical and metallographic analysis accomplished. To study the non-metallic inclusions, samples of 90×30×10 mm dimensions used, cut of Э76ХФ steel rail head. After contact butt welding at MC-2008 machine, the samples were cut by electro-erosion method perpendicularly to the welding seam into two parts. One part of the sample was used for tensile test, the other – for metallographic analysis for non-metallic inclusions and structure of the welded joint. The microstructure of the welded butts studied after milling and intensive etching in the 50% water solution of hydrochloric acid. The microstructure was studied at the optical microscope OLYMPUS GX71 in the light field at magnification 100–1000 folds after etching in an alcohol solution of nitric acid. The chemical composition of all the revealed inclusions were determined at the scanning electron microscope MIRA 3. It was established, that silicon and manganese oxides were the basic components of inclusions, revealed in the welded seam, as well as oxides of aluminum, iron, titanium, chrome – to a less amount. In the samples seam microstructure the ferrite net, typical for rail butts, was not discovered, which is probably stipulated by their accelerated heating due to the small section of the samples.
Calculation of metal resistance against plastic deformation accounting its softening during continuous rolling
Authors: Al’-Kkhuzai A. S. O. , Shirokov V. V. , Vydrin A. V.
Published: March 2020

The value of metal resistance against plastic deformation is an important parameter at designing of technological equipment and plastic deformation modes, since it determines considerably energy and power parameters during rolling process. Usually it is represented as dependence on deformation rate, value of accumulated deformation and temperature at which the deformation takes place. Application of such dependences usually gives a satisfactory coincidence with experimental data. However, the perfection of the rolling processes results in increase requirements to the calculation accuracy of the deformation parameters, including the value of metal resistance against plastic deformation. At the production of metal products and pipes, the processes in which a metal is subjected to multiple deformation, are widely used. One of the ways to increase the calculation accuracy of the value of metal resistance against deformation is the accounting of metal softening between their stages. Calculation of variation of the metal resistance value presented, accounting and without accounting the softening during pipes rolling at a mandrel in a four-stand continuous mill. It was shown that the softening could have a significant influence on the value of metal resistance against plastic deformation. Accounting the softening and various processes taking place along both the roller pass perimeter and the mill length, gives an actual picture of stress and deformation state of metal.
Microbiological analysis of technozems of the Abagura agglomeration and concentration factory tailings dump
Authors: Vodoleev A. S. , Zakharova M. A. , Andreeva O. S. , Tarasova Yu. V.
Published: March 2020

Microorganisms participate in the processes of restoration of contaminated soil ecosystems. Analysis of the processes is important for the biomonitoring of reclaimed territories and can improve the accuracy of forecasts of detoxification processes of the formed technozems. In the process of study of the microbiological state of the technozems of the Abagur agglomeration and concentration plant tailings dump, Novokuznetsk, changes in the group and species composition of soil aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms were studied and a quantitative assessment of the saprotrophic microflora content was presented. A microbiological analysis of the original sewage sludge (WWS) shows their initially high biological contamination by a wide taxonomic spectrum of microorganisms. It was shown, that the use of WWS for the enrichment of iron ore wastes by an organic substance contributes to the microbiological saturation of the latter at the level of ecological trophic diversity. The overall level of microbial population increases sharply compared with the control man-caused option, regardless of the way the WWS placing and its “quality”. At that, the WWS material neutralized by quicklime is most available to microorganisms, as evidenced by stimulation of the growth of representatives of various taxonomic affiliations and a high mineralization coefficient of the organic substance of the used ameliorant. The control man-caused substrate - soil mixture without organic additives is characterized by weak microbiological contamination. A microbiological analysis shows that small amounts of ammonifying microorganisms of various taxonomic affiliations, as well as bacteria and proactinomycetes with a trophic strategy for utilization of mineral forms of nitrogen, can be found in small amounts on the surface of the tailings dump. Biological testing of microbiological samples showed that in rehabilitated ecosystems with WWS during the microbiological mineralization of organic substance by active pathogens, actinomycetes and fungi participate in the destruction of protein compounds along with bacteria.
NUTRITION SENSITIVITY OF NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Habib Aaliya , Bajwa Muhammad Aslam , Nizami Arjumand , Danish Muhammad Irshad , Al-Naqi S A , Hina Shazia
Published: March 2020

This report presents a commentary on existing policy environment governing nutrition programming in Pakistan and the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The report presents an insight on the nutrition sensitivity and nutrition specificity of the programming paradigm; complementarity between nutrition, agriculture, food security, and other key sectors; robustness and comprehensiveness of documents in facilitating operationalization of policies; and possible way forward for future policy making, and strategic planning.
PAKISTAN'S JOURNEY TOWARDS UNIVERSAL COVERAGE OF IODISED SALT: A NON-SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Pillai Aarati , Dey Suvabrata , Raza Shabina , Khan Noor Ahmad
Published: March 2020

Background: Pakistan has grappled with the challenge of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) however the country has made definite strides towards addressing it. IDD is easily prevented through consumption of adequately iodized salt. This article documents Pakistan's journey on the road to achieving universal salt iodization. Methods: Non-systematic review of Nutrition International's (NI) internal documents, case studies and other articles was used to assimilate findings. Additionally, Situation Analysis of the Salt Sector was also undertaken. Results: There are 1,350 salt processors producing 1.12 million tonnes of salt, of which 54% is for edible purposes and 46% for industrial purposes. Small, medium and large salt processors are categorized based on the production capacities. NNS, 2018 reported a higher household coverage of iodized salt (79.6%), while urinary iodine excretion showed that 7.3% of 6-12 year children were severely deficient in iodine. Conclusion: As Pakistan moves ahead in its journey towards achieving USI, it is important to understand that the focus on the program will gradually shift to sustaining USI. Hence, keeping in mind all the constraints, we need to prepare ourselves for the next stage of achieving and sustaining USI.
STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Pham Hien Quang , Do Son Thanh Thanh , Nguyen Nieu Huu
Published: March 2020

Natural rubber (NR), 30% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR30) and organoclays (Nanomer I28E and I30E) are blended in Brabender. Dispersions of the organoclay in NR are investigated by X – ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed the increase of dispersion efficiency by the addition of ENR30 as a compatibilizer. The existence of organoclay I28E reduces the vulcanization time, while torque value increases slightly and mechanical properties (abrasion resistance, modulus M100, modulus M300, tensile strength, tear strength) are improved considerably.
THE IMPACT OF A WIND POWER PLANT WITH DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR ON THE POWER SYSTEMS
Authors: Trinh Chuong Trong
Published: March 2020

In this paper the effect of the wind power plants with Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) on the electric power system operation is investigated. The important characteristics such as: voltage quality, grid voltage stability, active and reactive loss of a DFIG at different fault conditions are studied. The simulation results clealy show the effect of the wind power plants on the grid voltage stability and power quality of electric power system.
COMPARATIVE BEHAVIOUR OF CORROSION FOR CARBON STEEL IN NHATRANG BAY (VIETNAM) AND VLADIVOSTOK (RUSSIA) SEA WATER
Authors: Bui Xuan Ba , U. V. Kharachenko , I. A Beleneva
Published: March 2020

Comparative results of corrosion testing for carbon steel in natural conditions of Nhatrang Bay (East Sea, Vietnam) and Vladivostok (Russian Federation) sea water are presented. It is concluded, that corrosion of carbon mild steel in marine environment of Nhatrang Bay at normal seawater salinity is 1.5 to 2.5 times higher than that in Vladivostoc sea water conditions.
ASSESMENT METHOD OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENT DAMAGES TO A POLLUTED RIVER - CASE STUDY: THI VAI BASIN
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Van , Nguyen Hung Thanh , Bui Long Ta
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a general method for calculating economic and environmental loss caused by pollution to a river basin is introduced, and appied to the pacticular case of Thi Vai River basin. The research results provide scientific and practical basis which can help relevant provinces (Dong Nai, Ba Ria - Vung Tau and Ho Chi Minh City) in conducting examination, verification and statistical survey of actual loss to residents living along the Thi Vai river basin due to the act of Vedan Vietnam Company Limited.
ESTABLISHING A KINETIC EQUATION TO ESTIMATE SLUDGE PRODUCTION IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
Authors: Do Uan Khac , J. Rajesh Banu , T. Yeom Ick
Published: March 2020

Sludge production in the membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater can be estimated from the kinetic equation which describes a relationship between sludge concentration and substrate, decay coefficient, sludge retention time and hydraulic retention time. Based on the experimental data and using the mathematical approximate method, the theoretical yield factor (Y) and the decay coefficient (kd) were found to be 0.33 mg VSS/mg COD and 0.04 1/day, respectively. Sludge production in the system can be estimated from the obtained kinetic equation. The calculated values were fluctuated around the measured ones. This result proved the potential application of the obtained equation for estimation of the biomass concentration and kinetic parameters in the wastewater treatment systems using membrane bioreactor technology.
THE EFFECTS OF INNOVATIVE CULTURE AND COMPETITIVE INTENSITY ON MARKET ORIENTATION
Authors: Hua Mai Kieu Phuong , Tran Vi , Le Hau Nguyen
Published: March 2020

This paper aims at providing insights into how innovative culture and competitive intensity together contribute to a company’s level of market orientation. The result based on a sample of 233 companies in HCM city shows that innovative culture has stronger impact on market orientation than competitive intensity. Particularly, innovative culture influences customer orientation, competitive orientation and functional coordination, while competitive intensity only influences competitive orientation.
SOME SOLUTIONS TO MAKE BREAKTHROUGHS IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KEY ECONOMIC ZONE IN THE CENTRAL OF VIETNAM IN 2011-2012 PERIOD
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Van
Published: March 2020

The paper focuses on analyzing some achievements as well as shortcomings of the building and development of the key economic zone in the Central – one of the important economic areas of Vietnam in the context of reform and integration.
TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING ZnO:In THIN FILMS PREPARED BY MAGNETRON DC SPUTTERING METHOD
Authors: Ho Binh Van , Le Hung Vu Tuan , Le Queo , Pham Tuan Thanh , Duong Phuong Ai , Le Hieu Van
Published: March 2020

ZnO:In thin films was deposited on glass substrate by magnetron DC sputtering method from ceramic target. The ZnO:In ceramic targets have concentrations of In2O3 varying between 1 and 4wt%. The ZnO:In film has the resistivity with value of 1.79 x 10-3 Ωcm, at a layer thickness of about 1μm, corresponding with ZnO:In target (2%wt In2O3), at the substrate temperature of about 240- 0C. All ZnO:In thin films have the transparence above 85% in the visible spectra.
A NON- STATIC COSMOLOGICAL MODEL IN THE VECTOR MODEL FOR GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
Authors: Vo On Van
Published: March 2020

In this paper, based on the vector model for gravitational field we obtained the modified Friedman equations, which were similar to the classical Friedman equations but were added a term of energy – momentum tensor of gravitational field. Non- static flat cosmological model in this model was similar to General Theory of Relativity (GTR) ‘s model but the expansive rate in the vacuum age was difference with General Theory of Relativity ’s model.