bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory activity of craterostigma pumilum (hochst) is associated with hyperalgesia
Authors: John Mwonjoria , Aliyu Umar , Kevin Juma , Titus Kahiga , Piero Ngugi , David Mburu , Alphonse Wanyonyi , Charles Githinji , Joseph Ngeranwa
Published: August 2016

Inflammation and pain are ubiquitous signs and symptoms of a large number of ailments affecting humanity. There are equally as many methods and substances that are used as remedies for the conditions. Examples of remedies used include herbal extracts such those of genus Craterostigma among others. In Kenya, some plants from this genus are used as folklore remedy for toothache, joint and muscle pains. Interestingly, in spite of their use, there is no scientific study that has been instituted to evaluate their efficacy. The current study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect of both dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous extract of Craterostigma pumilum using animal models. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect assays were carried out using formalin induced pedal edema and pain test respectively in white Wister rats. The phytochemical profile of the plant extract was carried out using standard procedures. Both DCM and aqueous extracts exhibited highly significant anti-inflammatory (p < 0.001) effects but no antinociceptive effects. However, the DCM extract showed a very significant (p < 0.001) hyperalgesia. The study renders support to folklore use of the plant for inflammation however it recommends incorporation of an analgesic remedy in the process.
Exergy analysis of combined cycle of gas turbine and solid oxide fuel cell in different compression ratios
Authors: Fatahian Esmaeel , Tonekaboni Navid , Fatahian Hossein
Published: August 2016

Due to the growing trend of energy consumption in the world uses of methods and new energy production systems with high efficiency and low emissions have been prioritized. Today, with the development of different systems of energy production, different techniques such as the use of solar energy, wind energy, fuel cells, micro turbines and diesel generators in cogeneration have been considered, each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Having a reliable energy generation system, inexpensive and availability the use of fuel cells as a major candidate has been introduced. Fuel cells converting chemical energy to electrical energy that today are one as a new technology in energy production are considered. In this paper fuel cell compression ratios 4, 4.1 and 4.2 at an ambient temperature of 298 K have been simulated and ultimately optimum ratio 4.1 for modeling has been selected. All components of cycle, including the stack of fuel cell, combustion chamber, air compressors, recuperator and gas turbine was evaluated from the viewpoint of exergy and exergy destruction rate was calculated by EES software.
Uso de la plataforma educativa Moodle en los procesos de capacitación de maestros de Educación Indígena en Jalisco, México
Authors: Sinaí Muñoz García Luis René Tabor , Gómez Zermeño Marcela Georgina , Alemán de la Garza Lorena Yadira
Published: August 2016

Esta investigación describe el contexto de los maestros de Educación Indígena del Estado de Jalisco y los factores que dificultan el proceso de capacitación. El objetivo es generar alternativas que mejoren la capacitación y lograr una mejor del docente en las comunidades marginadas. Este estudio propone un modelo de capacitación a distancia con el uso de la plataforma Moodle, para lo cual se aplicó un instrumento para analizar la aceptación de la tecnología por parte de docentes de educación indígena. Los hallazgos muestran que a pesar del desconocimiento del concepto de la educación en línea y falta de experiencia con esta herramienta, el maestro acepta que mediante esta innovación puede mejorar las condiciones de capacitación y de su contexto educativo.
Educación inclusiva y diversidad funcional: Conociendo realidades, transformando paradigmas y aportando elementos para la práctica
Authors: Díaz Posada Leidy Evelyn , Rodríguez Burgos Lilian Patricia
Published: August 2016

El presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica, como su nombre lo indica, contiene una recopilación de fuentes académicas y científicas que exponen elementos y avances en lo que a educación inclusiva y atención a personas con Diversidad Funcional se refiere. A través del escrito, se realiza un recorrido por las realidades actuales así como el proceso de transformación de las concepciones y la terminología empleada para la atención a la “población con discapacidad”. Pero, en el marco de este artículo se propone el término de “población con Diversidad Funcional”, por ser ésta la última tendencia a nivel internacional y como contribución a una transformación positiva de las representaciones sociales que hasta hoy se han transmitido y que también se dan a conocer en el estudio. Adicionalmente, se realiza una conceptualización de la educación inclusiva junto con aportes basados en experiencias exitosas para la generación de contextos y prácticas pedagógicas de calidad.
Políticas etnoeducativas y enseñanza del español
Authors: Carrillo Camargo Rigoberto
Published: August 2016

En el presente artículo se realiza una reflexión sobre las nociones de multiculturalidad e interculturalidad y su aplicación en las políticas internacionales y nacionales en lo referente a derechos de autodeterminación, educación y lingüísticos como aspectos fundamentales en la conservación de la cultura indígena. También con base en una experiencia en un Centro de educación indígena, se discute la pertinencia de los procesos institucionales, los planes de área, los materiales educativos y el desarrollo de las clases de español a la luz de las normativas vigentes.
Hacia una resolución efectiva de conflictos en las aulas universitarias: Ejemplos a través del debate cooperativo
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: August 2016

La Universidad del siglo XXI debe responder a las demandas de la sociedad por lo que tiene que haber una relación entre lo que se enseña en las aulas y la vida real. Por esta razón, este artículo pretende contribuir al modo en que trabajar con una metodología cooperativa en la Universidad permite al alumnado adquirir competencias sociales como la resolución de conflictos. Se presentará el debate como una actividad cooperativa que fomenta la adquisición de distintas competencias entre las que destacan la comunicación, el liderazgo, la cooperación y la resolución de conflictos. Se expondrán los principales conflictos que se generan en esta actividad; además, se ofrecerán posibilidades de cómo resolver los conflictos de forma que el alumnado los considere como una oportunidad para aprender.
Trayectos vitales en la deserción estudiantil: Re-pensar la construcción de proyectos de vida en la formación superior de la Institución Universitaria de Envigado
Authors: Roncancio González Henry
Published: August 2016

El fenómeno de la deserción ha cobrado vital importancia dentro de los índices de educación de los países en vía de desarrollo, en primer lugar, por lo que representa en cifras económicas y, en segundo lugar, por lo que implica en términos de calidad educativa. Sin embargo, sigue siendo evidente el desinterés por el sujeto que vive la experiencia de la deserción, de esas personas que tienen una historia que contar, en la que tienen expresión, proyectos de vida, trayectos de vida que se configuran y re-configuran con el pasar del tiempo, y que son vitales en la existencia del ser humano. De manera concreta, este artículo propone una reflexión humanística sobre la vida misma de quienes cursan estudios superiores y han vivido la experiencia de la deserción, sean las circunstancias que la haya desencadenado.
Cultural identity in bilingual schools
Authors: Pretelt Montero Katia Ester
Published: August 2016

The present research study sought to analyze if the daily and systematic teaching of a foreign culture within the context of a bilingual school in Barranquilla constituted a risk factor for mainstream cultural identity. Research objectives aimed at determining to what degree learners used foreign cultural markers and at characterizing how school community perceived status of foreign culture. Primary data collected came from a group of fifth grade students. The research study used a qualitative approach with an ethnographic case study design. Concepts explored in theoretical framework are culture, language, identity, and intercultural competences. Research results indicate that learners have not adopted a foreign cultural identity and that mainstream culture prevails in school ground. It is inferred based on results that the teaching of a foreign culture does not necessarily compromise mainstream cultural identity. However, further research is necessary to specify which factors safeguarded community’s cultural identity from foreign one.
The Rheological Properties of Redcurrant and Highbush Blueberry Berries
Authors: Bohdziewicz Jerzy , Czachor Gabriel
Published: August 2016

The load values corresponding to the compressive strength of high-bush blueberry and redcurrant fruits during the compression test between two rigid plates were measured. The changes of coefficient of elasticity and coefficient of viscosity values during the creep and the relaxation tests were studied in the selected interval of time, also direction of load application in relation to the longitudinal axis of fruit was considered. The creep and relaxation tests were carried out with the load of 40% of determined compressive strength of berries. To describe behavior of testing the material rheological standard, Maxwell and Kelvin models as well as experimental models were used. Comparatively small changes of parameter values of assumed empirical models were reported in the course of tests. It may be recognized as characteristic for the investigated material.
The Use of Precise Agriculture Technology in a Farm in Podlasie Region
Authors: Borusiewicz Andrzej , Kapela Krzysztof , Drożyner Paulina
Published: August 2016

The article presents advantages resulting from implementation of the precise agriculture technology in a farm. The objective of the paper was to analyse devices used in precise agriculture on the example of the selected agricultural farm located in Podlaskie Voivodeship. Documentation of the farm and data included in the questionnaire of the survey carried out with the farm owner were the source of indispensable information. For determination of the costs of return of investments planned in the farm, the method of data analysis and TeeJeet calculation were used. Implementation of the precise agriculture technology in the investigated farm caused reduction of the costs related to running a farm. The introduced changes allowed saving approximately PLN 14 thousand annually on crop protection treatments and approximately PLN 19 thousand annually on the precise sowing of mineral fertilizers. Costs related to the purchase of devices which allow generation of such savings return after 3-4 years.
Comparison of Economic Efficiency of Rapeseed Production in Farms with Varied Fertilization Variants
Authors: Dobek Tomasz K. , Kołosowski Paweł
Published: August 2016

Intensive breeding is related to formation of considerable amount of manure which may be used as a natural fertilizer. Manure fertilization may cause reduction of the amount of applied mineral fertilizers and thus reduction of production costs. It may particularly relate to the species with great fertilization requirements such as winter rapeseed. The objective of the research was to compare economic efficiency of rapeseed production in two farms which use different fertilization variants. In one, only mineral fertilizers were used and in the second one – mineral fertilization was supplemented with manure organic fertilization. The use of manure caused reduction of expenditures on materials and raw materials used in production, in particular of fertilizers. At comparable yields obtained by two farms, technology based on manure fertilization proved to be more efficient.
Analysis of the Mathematical Model of the Spray Dose Applied by the Field Sprayer Nozzles
Authors: Garbiak Karol , Jurga Jan
Published: August 2016

The article presents analysis of the mathematical model for determination of a momentary dose of spray applied by the field sprayer nozzles which move on the curve with the forward speed the value of which may differ from the speed accepted for regulation. Regulation speed and regulation dose, real forward speed of a sprayer, angular velocity during the curve movement, and the coefficient of the nozzle location towards the axis of the sprayer turn are independent variables in the suggested model. Based on the mathematical model, plots were drawn and analyses of relation of the spray dose to particular variables were carried out including inter alia, a repeated field spray, application of a dose which considerably differs from the regulation dose and diversity of the dose on the working width of the sprayer.
Adsorption-Desorption Processes in Adsorption Chillers
Authors: Gwadera Monika
Published: August 2016

The aim of this paper is to present the adsorption chillers technology. The operating principle of these systems, the adsorbent-adsorbate pairs that are frequently applied and the enhancement techniques that allow improvement of their efficiency are presented. Analysis of the mass transfer and principles of mathematical modeling of such systems are also discussed. In the further part of the text, the results of experimental studies and comparison of these results with calculations based on the mathematical model of adsorption were presented.
Computer System for Temperature Diagnostics of Cows
Authors: Jędruś Aleksander
Published: August 2016

The objective of the paper was to draw out a functional profile of a new computer system for temperature diagnostics of cows. This device enables oestrus detection including the silent one, early pregnancy (from the 5th day of insemination), acute inflammatory conditions and subclinical mastitis in a non-invasive manner during machine milking of cows. For diagnostic purposes one type of the measurement sensor was used, which is a unique feature in comparison to diagnostic devices mass produced and available on the market. A microprocessor module of the new milking system has intelligent devices features. It is construed of modern analogue and digital subassemblies and specialised measurement interfaces. The program structure of the system enables processing of automatically registered milk temperature values during cow milking on account of requirements of cow temperature diagnostics.
Wear of Farm Buildings in Selected Farms
Authors: Kowalczyk Zbigniew , Grotkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: August 2016

The objective of the article was to compare the level and structure of wear and tear of various types of the most popular agricultural buildings in the selected agricultural farms. A comparative analysis of physical and functional wear as well as investment expenditures of the selected objects in 2010-2014 was carried out. The scope of the article covered agricultural buildings with which 90 farms in the southern Poland are equipped. These farms were varied on account of the surface area and the production nature. The detailed analysis covered: cowsheds, piggeries, garages, fruit and vegetable storages, greenhouses and barns. The average age of the majority of farm buildings as well as a considerable degree of physical wear in comparison to a lower functional wear was determined.
Energy Consumption during Produciton of Corn Extrudates in Relation to the Process Parameters
Authors: Kręcisz Magdalena
Published: August 2016

The objective of the paper was to determine the impact of the rotational screw speed and the level of moisture of raw material on the efficiency and energy consumption of the extrusion-cooking process. Measurement of the extrusion-cooking process efficiency (Q) was carried out through determination of the extrudates mass and energy consumption was determined with the use of a specific mechanical energy (SME). Based on the research results it was found out that the factor which significantly decides on the measured values was a rotational screw speed. Along with the increase of this parameter the energy consumption and extrusion-cooking process efficiency increased during processing of corn grits. Extrusion-cooking process efficiency depended also on the level of moisture of raw material. At lower moisture of raw material the efficiency decreased along with the increase of the screw speed and above 18% of the moisture level it increased. Reverse relation was reported during testing the energy consumption of the extrusion-cooking process.
Impact of Spouted-Microwave Drying on the Selected Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Zucchini
Authors: Stępień Bogdan , Pasławska Marta , Maślankowski Radosław , Surma Mariusz , Jałoszyński Klaudiusz
Published: August 2016

Mechanical and rheological properties of zucchini dried with spouted microwave - assisted heating was analysed. During spouted drying two levels of microwave power were applied: 100W and 250W. Tests were carried out for the raw material blanched in the temperature of 60ºC for 10 minutes and not subjected to a pretreatment. Compression resistance, cutting resistance and stresses relaxation ratios a and b were determined. A significant impact of drying conditions on the product quality within the scope of mechanical and rheological properties was reported. Raw zucchini has 5 to 7 times higher compression resistance, several times lowered cutting resistance and almost two times higher elasticity in comparison to dried material. Low-temperature blanching significantly affected the values of all investigated properties of dried zucchini. Change in microwave powers during spouted drying significantly influenced the increase of the compression work value.
Band recoveries reveal alternative migration strategies in American Robins
Authors: Brown David , Miller Gail
Published: August 2016

Migration strategies may change in response
to climate change with consequences for conservation
efforts. We used 80 years (1934−2014) of band recovery
data (N = 1,057) to describe spatial and temporal patterns
in the migration behavior of American Robins. The
distribution of recoveries suggests strong continental scale
connectivity with distinct separation between eastern and
western North America, with a more moderate degree of
connectivity within these regions. We also found little
evidence of differential migration between males and
females. Despite previous studies that suggest the winter
distribution of robins has shifted northward, our analysis
shows no obvious change in migration distance over time.
Surprisingly, we found that a significant proportion of
across season band recoveries occurred locally (20%), in
close proximity to the original banding locations. It’s well
known that large numbers of robins linger in northern
breeding grounds well into the winter of some years, but the
proximity of these birds to breeding areas was previously
unknown. We found little evidence that the winter latitude
of migrants or local recoveries shifted over time. However,
there was a trend for increased frequency of local recoveries
in recent decades, providing an alternative hypothesis for
the northward shift in winter distribution.
Resistance to chemical attack of cement composites impregnated with a special polymer sulfur composite
Authors: Książek Mariusz
Published: August 2016

Specific chemical environments affect industrial objects. Portland cement composites (concrete and mortar) were impregnated with a special polymerized sulfur and technical soot as a filler (polymer sulfur composite). Sulfur and technical soot were applied as industrial waste. Portland cement composites were made of the same aggregate, cement, and water. The durability of the prepared cement composite samples was tested in 5% solution of HCl and 5% solution of H2SO4 as a function of immersion time. The changes in mechanical strength and mass of the samples were periodically measured. Cement composites impregnated with sulfur composite exhibited limited mechanical strength and mass loss, while the physico-mechanical properties of the Portland cement concrete regressed rapidly. The loss in weight of ordinary concrete impregnated with sulfur composite, kept in aqueous solutions of acids, hydroxides, salts, and in water for a year was determined using 100×100×100 mm samples. The same samples were then used in compressive strength tests. The image analysis used for surface destruction monitoring, performed by scanning microscopy for the determination of damaged surface area and the original surface area before acid resistance testing, showed similar results. Based on the image analysis results, a model for predicting the degradation of mechanical strength during durability testing was established. The fact that the calculated and experimental strength values were not vastly different proved the validity of the proposed model. A brief summary of new products related to the special sulfur composite is given as follows: impregnation, repair, overlays, and precast polymer concrete will be presented. Sulfur composite as a polymer coating impregnation, which has received little attention in recent years, currently has some very interesting applications.
Miniaturized Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Using Embedded Dual-Mode Resonator with Controllable Bandwidths
Authors: Zhu Chuanming , Xu Jin , Kang Wei , Hu Zhenxin , Wu Wen
Published: August 2016

In this paper, a miniaturized dual-band bandpass filter (DB-BPF) using embedded dual-mode resonator (DMR) with controllable bandwidths is proposed. Two passbands are generated by two sets of resonators operating at two different frequencies. One set of resonators is utilized not only as the resonant elements that yield the lower passband, but also as the feeding structures with source-load coupling to excite the other to produce the upper passband. Sufficient degrees of freedom are achieved to control the center frequencies and bandwidths of two passbands. Moreover, multiple transmission zeros (TZs) are created to improve the passband selectivity of the filter. The design of the filter has been demonstrated by the measurement. The filter features not only miniaturized circuit sizes, low insertion loss, independently controllable central frequencies, but also controllable bandwidths and TZs.
Pattern of menarche age (normal, early and late) and its relationship with some demographic characteristics in girls and their parents
Authors: Tayebi Naeimeh , Yazdznpanahi Zahra , Yektatalab Shahrzad , Akbarzadeh Marzieh , Zare Najaf
Published: August 2016

Background:

Menarche age is an indicator of a girl’s puberty besides the clinical assessment of detecting deviations. This study aimed to search the pattern of menarche age (normal, early and late) and its relationship with some demographic characteristics in girls and their parents.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was done on girls aged between 9 and 18 years old in Shiraz city. About 2000 students were selected through cluster sampling. Data collection was done by applying a demographic information form. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:

About 1386 students (69.3%) had the history of menarche (at least once). The mean age of menarche was 12.26±1.11 years in Shiraz. The menarche age of the girls ranged from 9 years (as the least) to 15 (as the maximum). The prevalence of late menarche was 1.1%. In addition, no early menarche was reported. There was no relationship between menarche age and economic status, birth order and number of children, but a significant relationship was found between the parents’ education, house status, and the lifestyle of parents.

Conclusion:

The mean menarche age has been decreasing in cities. Therefore, it seems necessary for the families to be aware about the influence of time, trend and affecting factors on menarche; this helps them to make good decisions when educating their teenagers.
Elucidating Kinetic, Adsorption and Partitioning Phenomena from a Single Well Tracer Method: Laboratory and Bench Scale Studies
Authors: Otero-López M. , González-Brambila M. , Dutta A. , Castillo-Araiza C. O.
Published: August 2016

This study is aimed at giving some insights on kinetics, adsorption and partitioning of ethyl acetate during a single well tracer test. Synthetic formation water, an specific crude oil and a silicate-dolomite rock were used during experiments performed in laboratory and bench scale systems. Independent sets of experiments were designed to calculate the partition coefficient of ethyl acetate between the formation water and the oil, to develop a kinetic model for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate, and to derive isotherm and kinetic models for the adsorption of ethyl acetate on the rock. These tracer experiments were evaluated at a concentration range (100–300 mmol.L−1) similar to that supposed to be used in the single well tracer method. All parameters determined from these experiments were validated describing observations from stirred batch and column systems, in which kinetic, adsorption and partitioning phenomena occurred at the same time. Pseudo-heterogeneous models, accounting for three phases namely the formation water, the rock and the oil, were applied to elucidate the interaction of the different mechanisms involved in these set-ups. Main results are summarized as follows: (i) partition coefficients (K
EA) were apparent varying from ca. 5–8 because of thermodynamic constraints; (ii) kinetic models for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate were developed under acid and basic conditions since at neutral ones there were negligible conversions; (iii) the combined Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm and the Langmuir kinetics were the most suitable models describing equilibrium and adsorption rate observations, respectively; (iv) the studied rock adsorbed significant amounts of ethyl acetate, leading to a maximum adsorption capacity (qEAm) of ca. 7.0 mmol.g−1 at studied operating conditions; (v) the adsorption kinetic model rather than the simplified isotherm model seems necessary to describe this phenomenon from the single well test evaluating ethyl acetate as the tracer; and (vi) partition, hydrolysis and adsorption parameters evaluated from independent experiments allowed us to describe observations from both stirred batch and column systems. These results disclose the importance of accounting for partition, hydrolysis and adsorption mechanisms in a single well method using ethyl acetate as the tracer.
Learning Styles: Impact on Knowledge and Confidence in Nursing Students in Simulation and Classroom
Authors: Brannan Jane D. , White Anne , Long Janice
Published: August 2016

Nurse Educators must develop nursing curriculum with engaging learning strategies that promote the knowledge and confidence needed for safe, effective nursing practice. Faculty should explore new methods of teaching that consider how students learn. Studies have shown mixed results regarding student learning styles, academic achievement, and development of confidence in nursing practice. An experimental study using Felder and Soloman’s (2004). Index of learning styles instrument was conducted to examine nursing student learning styles and their impact on confidence and knowledge in traditional and high fidelity simulation settings. Findings revealed students were more likely to have active, visual, sensing, and sequential learning styles. Student confidence or knowledge did not significantly differ among the learning styles in either simulation or traditional classroom methods. Awareness of learning styles may aid faculty in adapting engaging teaching strategies. Further research is needed with larger samples to identify best approaches to enhance student learning within the context of learning styles.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Anecdotal Notes as Formative Feedback
Authors: Quance Margaret Ann
Published: August 2016

Anecdotal notes are a method of providing formative feedback to nursing students following clinical experiences. The extant literature on anecdotal notes is written only from the educator perspective, focusing on rationale for and methods of production, rather than on evaluation of effectiveness. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out with a cohort of 283 third year baccalaureate nursing students to explore their perceptions of anecdotal notes as effective formative feedback. The majority of students valued verbal as well as anecdotal note feedback. They preferred to receive feedback before the next learning experience. Students found the quality of feedback varied by instructor. The anecdotal note process was found to meet identified formative feedback requirements as well as the nursing program’s requirement for transparency of evaluation and due process. It is necessary to provide professional development to clinical nurse educators to assist them develop high quality formative feedback using anecdotal notes.
Valuation of a Company using Time Series Analysis
Authors: Pohl Philipp
Published: August 2016

In this paper we present an approach to value-based management of companies using time series analysis. We present a technique for projecting cash flows in order to calculate the company value using time series analysis. We consider a new, indirect approach and a direct approach of projecting cash flows. We analyse both models from the perspective of value-based management. Finally, company value is calculated for both models, as a point estimate and as a distribution function respectively. As shown in the article, the distribution function of corporate value is a normal distribution function. On this basis, it is possible to apply all instruments of value-at-risk analysis.
Linear and non-linear analysis of uterine contraction signals obtained with tocodynamometry in prediction of operative vaginal delivery
Authors: Gonçalves Hernâni , Morais Mariana , Pinto Paula , Ayres-de-Campos Diogo , Bernardes João
Published: August 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore whether linear and non-linear analysis of uterine contraction (UC) signals obtained with external tocodynamometry can predict operative vaginal delivery (OVD).

Materials and methods:

The last 2 h before delivery (H1 and H2) of 55 UC recordings acquired with external tocodynamometry in the labour ward of a tertiary care hospital were analysed. Signal processing involved the quantification of UCs/segment (UCN), and the linear and non-linear indices: Sample Entropy (SampEn) measuring signal irregularity; interval index (II) measuring signal variability, both of which may be associated with uterine muscle fatigue, and high frequency (HF), associated with maternal breathing movements. Thirty-two women had normal deliveries and 23 OVDs. Statistical inference was performed using 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the median, and areas under the receiver operating curves (auROCs), with univariate and bivariate analyses.

Results:

A significant association was found between maternal body mass index (BMI) and UC signal quality in H1, with moderate/poor signal quality being more frequent with higher maternal BMI. There was an overall increase in contraction frequency (UCN), signal regularity (SampEn), signal variability (II), and maternal breathing (HF) from H1 to H2. The OVD group exhibited significantly higher values of signal irregularity and variability (SampEn and II) in H1, and higher contraction frequency (UCN) and maternal breathing (HF) in H2. Modest auROCs were obtained with these indices in the discrimination between normal and OVDs.

Conclusions:

The results of this exploratory study suggest that analysis of UC signals obtained with tocodynamometry, using linear and non-linear indices associated with muscle fatigue and maternal breathing, identifies significant changes occurring during labour, and differences between normal and OVDs, but their discriminative capacity between the two types of delivery is modest. Further refinement of this analysis is needed before it may be clinically useful.
Thyroid dysfunction in preterm neonates exposed to iodine
Authors: Williams Fiona L.R. , Watson Jennifer , Day Chris , Soe Aung , Somisetty Sateesh K. , Jackson Lesley , Velten Elena , Boelen Anita
Published: August 2016

Background:

Infants <32 weeks’ gestation should not be exposed to topical iodine and its avoidance is recommended during pregnancy and breast feeding. Exposure to contrast media and topical iodine is frequently used in many preterm neonates.

Aim:

To determine whether thyrotropin levels in preterm infants are affected by exposure to intrapartum/neonatal topical iodine and/or the use of iodinated contrast media.

Design:

Infants <32 weeks’ gestation were recruited. Maternal and neonatal exposures to iodinated contrast media and topical iodine were recorded; levels of thyrotropin and thyroxine were measured from blood-spot cards on postnatal days 7, 14, 28 and the equivalent of 36 weeks’ gestation.

Results:

One hundred and twenty-five infants were exposed to topical iodine/contrast media and 48 infants were unexposed. No infants were treated for hypothyroidism; three infants (exposed group) had transient hyperthyrotropinaemia. Mean thyrotropin levels were significantly higher on postnatal days 7, 14 and 28 in infants exposed to topical iodine prior to caesarean section compared to unexposed infants, a relationship which persisted after adjustment.

Conclusions:

In the context of this study, neonatal thyroid dysfunction was seen following exposure to iodine via caesarean section but not via exposure to contrast media.
Clinical significance of a false positive glucose challenge test in patients with a high body mass index
Authors: Borja Anne , Moretti Michael , Lakhi Nisha
Published: August 2016

Objective:

To determine if there is an increased maternal or neonatal morbidity in overweight and obese patients with a false positive glucose challenge test (GCT).

Methods:

Patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 at registration were included in this prospective 36-month study. The study cohort consisted of patients with a false positive (FP) GCT, with two comparison cohorts: those with a (1) screen negative (SN) GCT result and (2) true positive (TP) GCT result. Risks were reported as odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals, with a P<0.05 considered as significant.

Results:

There were 60 patients in the FP cohort, 106 in the SN cohort, and 64 in the TP cohort. When the BMI of the FP cohort was compared with either the SN cohort or TP cohort, differences were non-significant (SN 32.3 vs. FP 33.3 kg/m

Conclusions:

Overweight and obese patients with a FP glucose challenge screen are more likely to have adverse maternal outcomes. Neonatal morbidity was not increased.
Breast milk feeding in infants with inherited metabolic disorders other than phenylketonuria – a 10-year single-center experience
Authors: Pichler Karin , Michel Miriam , Zlamy Manuela , Scholl-Buergi Sabine , Ralser Elisabeth , Jörg-Streller Monika , Karall Daniela
Published: August 2016

Background:

Published data on breast milk feeding in infants suffering from inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) other than phenylketonuria (PKU) are limited and described outcome is variable.

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate retrospectively whether breastfeeding and/or breast milk feeding are feasible in infants with IMDs including organic acidemias, fatty acid oxidation disorders, urea cycle disorders, aminoacidopathies or disorders of galactose metabolism.

Methods:

Data on breastfeeding and breast milk feeding as well as monitoring and neurological outcome were collected retrospectively from our database of patients with the mentioned IMD, who were followed in our metabolic center within the last 10 years.

Results:

Twenty patients were included in the study, who were either breast fed on demand or received expressed breast milk. All the infants were evaluated clinically and biochemically at 2–4-week intervals, with weight gain as the leading parameter to determine metabolic control. Good metabolic control and adequate neurological development were achieved in all patients but one, who experienced the only metabolic crisis observed within the study period.

Conclusion:

Breast milk feeding with close clinical and biochemical monitoring is feasible in most IMD and should be considered as it offers nutritional and immunological benefits.
Unmasking the Faces of Diverse University Students and Professors through Narrative Ethnography
Authors: Wilder Lynn K. , Vázquez-Montilla Elia , Greene Jackie
Published: August 2016

Authors in this special issue of Multicultural Learning and Teaching utilized emerging qualitative research methodology, narrative ethnography, to seek to understand and then to describe the innermost fears and joys and to hear recommendations from the diverse individuals they interviewed, observed, and formed a relationship with over time. Most are university professors and students, and one the father of a student, who depict their experiences with teachers and professors in educational contexts in the United States over time. The narratives are moving and thoroughly engross the reader in their worlds.Several individuals are twice-diverse given both ethnicity and disability or language. This added component of a second diverse aspect in their lives makes these stories particularly compelling. Narrative ethnography is a powerful authentic way to unmask the faces behind the façade and discover individuals’ personal, evolving realities, so teachers and professors can maximize student potential.
The significance of health selection among divers and its effect on diving safety
Authors: Jóźwiak Dariusz , Olszański Romuald , Dąbrowiecki Zbigniew , Remlain Małgorzata
Published: August 2016

Diving is a kind of human activity that requires special health predispositions due to the nature of an aquatic environment. The environment of an increased atmospheric pressure imposes a significantly greater burden on the respiratory and circulatory system as compared with normobaric conditions. Due to their health status, not everyone among those that wish to take up diving should undergo diving training, as diving can have an adverse effect on their condition while staying under water and considerably raise the risk of an occurrence of a diving accident. As regards diving activities performed within the Armed Forces, individuals with particular health burdens are eliminated via the medical checks conducted at the time of recruitment to the diving service. The checks, based on detailed parameters and described in legal acts, minimise the risk of an occurrence of a diving accident. This problem is quite different when it comes to recreational diving, where quite often, by presenting a health certificate, an interested diver candidate begins a training course and further individual diving activities while being aware of a medical condition that may affect their future safety under water. An analysis of the effect of health selection on the level of diving safety was performed.
Severe decompression sickness in a diver in the course of a training dive
Authors: Kierznikowicz Brunon , Wolański Władysław , Filipek Bogumił.
Published: August 2016

The article describes the case of a neurological form of decompression sickness, which occurred in the course of a short training dive to the medium depth using the air as the breathing mix. The subject was treated according to the 3rd air recompression table. Despite an immediate hyperbaric treatment followed by hospitalisation residual neurological symptoms remained throughout the entire observation period.
The circadian rhythm of core body temperature (Part I): The use of modern telemetry systems to monitor core body temperature variability
Authors: Słomko Joanna , Zalewski Paweł
Published: August 2016

The best known daily rhythms in humans include: the sleep-wake rhythm, the circadian core body temperature variability, daily fluctuations in arterial blood pressure and heartbeat frequency, and daily changes in hormone secretion: e.g. melatonin, cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin. The core body temperature in humans has a characteristic sinusoidal course, with the maximum value occurring between 3:00-5:00 pm and the minimum between 3:00-5:00 am. Analysis of literature indicates that the obtained results concerning core body temperature are to a large extent influenced by the type of method applied in the measurement. Depending on test protocols, we may apply various methodologies to measuring core body temperature. One of the newest methods of measuring internal and external body temperature consists in the utilisation of remote temperature sensors transmitting the obtained value via a radio signal. The advantages of this method includes the ability to perform: continuous core temperature measurement, observe dynamic changes in core body temperature occurring in circadian rhythm and the repeatability and credibility of the obtained results, which is presented in numerous scientific reports.
Crystal structure of monoclinic samarium and cubic europium sesquioxides and bound coherent neutron scattering lengths of the isotopes 154Sm and 153Eu
Authors: Kohlmann Holger , Hein Christina , Kautenburger Ralf , Hansen Thomas C. , Ritter Clemens , Doyle Stephen
Published: August 2016

The crystal structures of monoclinic samarium and cubic europium sesquioxide, Sm2O3 and Eu2O3, were reinvestigated by powder diffraction methods (laboratory X-ray, synchrotron, neutron). Rietveld analysis yields more precise structural parameters than previously known, especially for oxygen atoms. Interatomic distances d(Sm–O) in Sm2O3 range from 226.3(4) to 275.9(2) pm [average 241.6(3) pm] for the monoclinic B type Sm2O3 [space group C2/m, a = 1418.04(3) pm, b = 362.660(7) pm, c = 885.48(2) pm, β = 100.028(1)°], d(Eu–O) in Eu2O3 from 229.9(2) to 238.8(2) pm for the cubic bixbyite (C) type [space group Ia3̅, a = 1086.87(1) pm]. Neutron diffraction at 50 K and 2 K did not show any sign for magnetic ordering in Sm2O3. Isotopically enriched 154Sm2O3 and 153Eu2O3 were used for the neutron diffraction work because of the enormous absorption cross section of the natural isotopic mixtures for thermal neutrons. The isotopic purity was determined by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry to be 98.9% for 154Sm and 99.8% for 153Eu. Advanced analysis of the neutron diffraction data suggest that the bound coherent scattering lengths of 154Sm and 153Eu need to be revised. We tentatively propose b
c(154Sm) = 8.97(6) fm and b
c(153Eu) = 8.85(3) fm for a neutron wavelength of 186.6 pm to be better values for these isotopes, showing up to 8% deviation from accepted literature values. It is shown that inaccurate scattering lengths may result in severe problems in crystal structure refinements causing erroneous structural details such as occupation parameters, which might be critically linked to physical properties like superconductivity in multinary oxides.
Genetic Engineering of Herbicide Resistance: Saturation Mutagenesis of Isoleucine 229 of the Reaction Center L Subunit
Authors: Bylina Edward J. , Youvan Douglas C.
Published: August 2016

Oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis has been used to change isoleucine 229 of the reaction center L subunit of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata to seventeen other amino acids. A system of deletion strains and complementing plasmids has been used to assay the effects of changing this residue, which forms part of the secondary quinone Oв binding site. The reaction center is assembled in all seventeen mutants. Ten of the seventeen mutations (Gly, His, Tyr, Trp, Asn, Asp. Gin, Glu, Arg, and Lys) result in the loss of photosynthetic growth. The remaining seven mutations yield varying levels of photosynthetic growth (Ile, Val, Ala, Leu, Met>Thr, Cys, Ser). Six of these mutations lead to varying atrazine resistance (Met, Leu > Ser, Ala, Thr, Cys>Val, Ile). None of the mutations lead to atrazine sensitivity. These results suggest that hydrophobic residues of moderate size function best at this position. This set of mutations at isoleucine L229 include the first examples of mutants with null quinone function and the first examples of crystallography-based genetic engineering in the design of herbicide resistant reaction centers.
Triazine Resistance in Phalaris paradoxa: Physiological and Molecular Analyses
Authors: Schönfeld Mordechay , Yaacoby Tuvia , Ben-Yehuda Adi , Rubin Baruch , Hirschberg Joseph
Published: August 2016

Triazine resistance in a mutant biotype of Phalaris paradoxa is accompanied by changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve, and by reduced quantum yield for electron transport, indicating altered photosystem II activity. However, light-saturated rates of electron transport in isolated chloroplasts, rates of CO2 uptake in leaves and dry weight production of the triazine resistant biotype, are equal or superior to those of the wild type. A single mutation in the psbA gene, leading to a serine to glycine shift at position 264 of the thyiakoid membrane 32 kDa Qв- protein. was found in the herbicide resistant mutant. The results indicate that triazine resistance is not necessarily linked to inferior photosynthetic and growth performance.
Structural and Physiological Comparisons of Triazine-Susceptible, -Resistant, and "Mixed" Biotypes of Poa
Authors: Vaughn Kevin C. , Gasquez Jacques
Published: August 2016

Triazine-resistant (R) biotypes of several dicot weed biotypes have been shown to differ from triazine-susceptible (S) biotypes both structurally and biochemically. To this point, no R monocot has been examined, however. In this report, we examine the ultrastructure and physiology of three biotvpes of Poa annua L.: a S biotype, a R biotype, and a “mixed” (M) biotype that displays a level of resistance just slightly less than the R biotype, as well as a unique fluorescence in the so-called M region of the fluorescence induction curve. Like the dicots investigated previously, the R and M biotypes have larger grana stacks, and more light-harvesting chlorophyll alb protein than the S biotype. These are similar to the differences described between “shade-type” and “sun-type” chloroplasts although anatomical parameters, that normally vary between sun and shade type plants, do not appear to be different in the three biotypes. These data indicate that the structural and biochemical modifications of the chloroplast reported previously in R biotypes of dicots are also found in R biotypes of monocots and further indicate that these are natural consequences of the slower electron transport found in R biotypes.
Binding and Peroxidative Action of Oxyfluorfen in Sensitive and Tolerant Algal Species
Authors: Lambert R. , Sandmann G. , Böger P.
Published: August 2016

Peroxidative activity of oxyfluorfen and binding of this nitrodiphenyl ether to cell fractions was investigated with the susceptible alga Scenedesmus acutus and the resistant alga Bumilleriopsis filiformis. Although a 10-fold higher concentration of oxyfluorfen was applied to Bumilleriopsis, the lag phase for initiation of peroxidative evolution of short-chain hydrocarbons from fatty acids was much longer than found with Scenedesmus. Oxyfluorfen was predominantly recovered after homogenization from the pellet which was separated into a lipid and a chloroform/methanol insoluble fraction. Parts of the oxyfluorfen which is present in the insoluble pellet fraction during the lag phase before the onset of peroxidation can be found in the lipid fraction when measurable peroxidative activities have started. This was observed with Scenedesmus as well as with Bumil-leriopsis. During peroxidation initiated by oxyfluorfen acyl lipids are degradated as monitored by the disappearance of the plastidic sulfolipid. Analysis of bound fatty acids showed that they are targets for peroxidative reactions in acyl lipids. Destruction of polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher than for saturated ones.