bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Gráfico y la búsqueda de un arte nacional en Colombia1
Authors: Bernal Bermúdez Maria Clara
Published: December 2018

En 1923 la revista cultural colombiana El gráfico publicó el artículo editorial titulado “La escultura nacional”. En este se plantea el retroceso de las artes en el país a principios del siglo XX después de su esplendor con el pintor y dibujante, Alberto Urdaneta, a finales del siglo XIX. Cinco años más tarde, tras una convulsionada época a nivel artístico en el país, una nueva visión de escultura nacional es instaurada en la misma publicación. En el presente artículo se pretende hacer un seguimiento a las discusiones al interior de la revista y de otras publicaciones contemporáneas que llevaron a la transformación de los paradigmas de lo que se entendía por un arte nacional.
El cuerpo como apertura a la triada: sexo, género y deseo en algunas prácticas del arte contemporáneo1
Authors: Ramos David
Published: December 2018

Resumen A lo largo de este artículo hago una aproximación a un análisis de algunas prácticas artísticas contemporáneas que parten del cuerpo como estrategia reflexiva y dan apertura a otras formas de entender el género, el sexo y el deseo en contraste con una sexualidad hegemónica: la heterosexualidad. Para desarrollar lo anterior, propongo una estructura en tres momentos. Inicialmente, hago un panorama teórico sobre conceptos que considero importante situar desde los estudios de género. En un segundo momento, presento un análisis de algunas obras de cinco artistas (María Teresa Hincapié, Orlan, Piere Moliniere, Catherine Opie y Félix GonzálezTorres) que, desde mi perspectiva, se vinculan con unas visuras que amplían la heterosexualidad hegemónica y las construcciones del género y el sexo. Finalmente, enuncio algunas conclusiones preliminares en torno al tema para abrir la discusión sobre las relaciones entre arte, cuerpo y la triada de conceptos desarrollados.
Con destino a una nueva comprensión de la fotografía posmoderna. La fotografía en su actuación social y otras intervenciones
Authors: Méndez Moreno Juan Pablo
Published: December 2018

Desde 1826 la fotografía ha sido un objeto de gran importancia para la sociedad. Tanto en su práctica como en su teoría ha aderezado todo lo concerniente a la historia de la humanidad. En el presente, la fotografía digital ocupa un lugar más prioritario y exponencial que su antecesora la fotografía análoga, debido a que se ha multiplicado su creación, función y aplicación. Por lo cual ahora hay que entender a la fotografía como un dispositivo de amplios espectro y radio, que contiene nuevas funciones y que estas cambian nuestros pensamientos, conductas y nuestra visión de personas, lugares, objetos, así como nuestra visión del mundo. Entenderla sería más posible a través de la incursión de teorías, metodologías e hipótesis diferentes, lo cual permitiría establecer una nueva postura epistémica, de magnitud principalmente, holística, que involucre posibles respuestas al entendimiento del fenómeno fotografía que ahora nos concierne.
La investigación-creación, generador de conocimiento para la construcción de un museo virtual del patrimonio científico y cultural del Dr. Jorge Reynolds Pomb
Authors: Ruiz Joya William , Córdoba Salamanca Héctor , Zipa Patiño Olga Lucía
Published: December 2018

El macroproyecto del Museo Virtual Dr. Jorge Reynolds Pombo, se plantea a partir de cuatro etapas; la primera, se refiere a conocer ¿Cuáles son las estrategias para el análisis de las fuentes de información de las obras, los saberes y objetos de las investigaciones desarrolladas por el Dr. Jorge Reynolds Pombo, para la divulgación en un Museo Virtual?, donde el diseñar las estrategias hace que sea la primera fase del proyecto; con base en lo anterior, se establece el marco referencial en la identificación de lo virtual, de la catalogación, el museo y el patrimonio cultural y científico; aspectos que llevaron a generar instrumentos de recolección de datos a partir de aplicaciones tecnológicas y, con dichos datos, organizar y plantear la información documental para determinar las colecciones que serán estructura del Museo Virtual; se hace necesario la continuidad en la consecución de los objetivos en las otras fases del museo.
Pemanfaatan Jamur Simbion Sponge dalam Bioisomerasi Asam Lemak pada Dedak untuk Menghasilkan Asam Lemak Cis
Authors: Trianto Agus , Sedjati Sri , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Afriyanto Rachmat , Muchlisin Sakti Imam , Radjasa Septhy Kusuma , Bahry Muhammad Syaifudien
Published: December 2018

Utilization of Sponges Symbiotic Fungus in the Bioisomeration  of Fatty Acids in Brans to Produce Cis Fatty Acid  Trans fatty acids are known to have a negative impact on human health such as triggering the coronary heart and blood vessel related diseases. However, many food and animal feed contain trans fatty acids.  Bran, which is widely used as animal feed has high fatty acid content and the majority are trans fatty acids. This study aims to determine the potential of Trichoderma harzanum, a sponge symbiont fungus, in the process of fatty acid bioconversion in bran. Bran was fermented in saline and non-salin condition for 15 days in the room temperature. Both fermented and not bran was extracted with methanol, and the extracts were concentrated with rotary evaporator. Fatty acid extracts were analyzed on the GC with hydrolysis and methylation as pre-treatments. The test results showed the fatty acid composition changed, and the was formation of new fatty acids. The bioisomeration process occurs in the Trans-9-Elaidic acid Methyl esther into Cis-9-Oleic Methyl ester. Cis-9-oleic acid is known as oleic acid which is widely found in olive and sunflowers oil. The fungus has potential as biocatalys for production of cis fatty acid. Asam lemak trans dikenal mempunyai dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan manusia seperti memicu terjadinya penyakit jantung koroner dan penyakit terkait pembuluh darah. Namun asam lemak trans banyak terkandung dalam berbagai jenis bahan makanan maupun pakan ternak diantaranya adalah dedak.  Dedak banyak digunakan sebagai pakan ternak mempunyai kandungan asam lemak yang tinggi dan mayoritas adalah asam lemak trans.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jamur simbion spons Trichoderma harzanum dalam proses biokonversi asam lemak pada dedak.  Fermentasi dedak dilakukan dalam kondisi salin dan unsalin selama 15 hari pada suhu ruang. Dedak yang difermentasi maupun tidak kemudian diekstrak dengan metanol kemudian dipekatkan dengan rotari eveporator.  Ekstrak asam lemak degan GC dengan pre-treatment meliputi hidrolisis dan metilasi. Hasil uji menunjukan adanya perubahan komposisi dan terbentuknya asam lemak baru. Proses bioisomerasi terjadi pada Trans-9-Elaidic acid Methyl estermenjadi Cis-9-Oleic Methyl ester. Cis-9-oleic acid yang dikenal dengan asam oleat yang banyak terdapat dalam minyak zaitun dan bunga matahari. Jamur T. Harzianum mempunyai potensi sebagai biokatalis untuk memproduksi asam lemak cis.
URGENSI KONTRAK KERJA YANG BERKEADILAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM RAHASIA DAGANG
Authors: Annisa Rizki Nur , Sulistiyono Adi , Latifah Emmy
Published: December 2018

Rahasia dagang merupakan ‘jantungnya’ keberlangsungan sebuah bisnis. Oleh karena rahasia dagang  mempunyai posisi yang sangat vital, pelaku usaha berusaha melakukan proteksi sangat ketat. Pelanggaran rahasia dagang di Indonesia sebagian besar dilakukan oleh karyawan, dikarenakan lemahnya kesadaran karyawan untuk memenuhi kewajibannya dan akibat lemahnya perlindungan hukum. Dibutuhkan kontrak kerja yang mengikat Karyawan dan Pemilik Rahasia dagang untuk memberi batasan hak dan kewajiban serta sanksi sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum rahasia dagang. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu digunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif untuk mengkaji urgensi kontrak kerja yang berkeadilan sebagai upaya perlindungan hukum rahasia dagang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya kontrak kerja yang adil dapat menjadi alternatif upaya perlindungan hukum rahasia dagang; dikarenakan  hak dan kewajiban karyawan yang diatur secara mutual   menjadikan rahasia dagang dapat dilindungi secara optimal.
TITIK SINGGUNG KERAGAMAN SISTEM HUKUM DALAM PEMBAGIAN HARTA KEKAYAAN PERKAWINAN PADA PERKAWINAN SERIAL
Authors: Yunanto Yunanto
Published: December 2018

Realitas menunjukkan adanya inkonsistensi dalam memaknai dan melakukan pembagian harta kekayaan perkawinan akibat adanya keragaman aturan khususnya dalam perkawinan serial. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini terkait titik singgung kesamaan makna dan hakikat pembagian harta kekayaan perkawinan dalam keragaman sistem hukum harta perkawinan; dan  penyelesaian pembagian harta kekayaan perkawinan dalam perkawinan serial berbasis keragaman aturan dalam praktik di pengadilan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: terdapat kesamaan makna dan hakikat pembagian harta kekayaan perkawinan dalam keragaman sistem hukum harta kekayaan perkawinan pada harta yang diperoleh selama perkawinan di luar harta yang diperoleh karena warisan dan hibah; dan dalam perkawinan serial terbentuk masing-masing kelompok harta kekayaan perkawinan yang terpisah dan berdiri sendiri-sendiri.
Twin pregnancy in uteri with congenital anomalies: prenatal diagnosis by three- dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Zohav Efraim , Leytes Sophia , Anteby Eyal Y. , Grin Leonti
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To establish a practical and valid method for the diagnosis of twin gestation in uteri with Müllerian anomalies in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Case presentation

This was a prospective cohort study. Two cases with congenital uterine anomalies were followed prospectively from 7 weeks of gestation and compared to eight controls. The longitudinal to transverse uterine lumen diameter ratio (LTDR) was measured in mid-sagittal and coronal planes. The LTDR was compared between unicornuate and didelphys uteri to normal uteri controls weekly. The area under the curve for the coronal and sagittal planes were 1.000 and 0.823, respectively. For the coronal plane, an LTDR of 1.15 was selected as optimal for predicting uteri with a Müllerian anomaly, with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%. An LTDR of 1.68 in the sagittal plane was selected as optimal for predicting anomalous uteri, with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 73%.

Conclusions

LTDR ratios measured in mid sagittal and coronal planes of unicornuate and didelphys uteri with twin gestation during the first trimester of pregnancy are highly predictive of Müllerian anomalies. Early diagnosis of uterine anomalies could provide a reference to initiate earlier meticulous follow-up.
Zehn Jahre Degrowth als radikale politische Perspektive: Potenziale und Hürden
Authors: Brand Ulrich , Krams Mathias
Published: December 2018

Bereits seit zehn Jahren arbeiten soziale Bewegungsakteur*innen in Deutschland (und darüber hinaus) mit den Konzepten „Postwachstum“ und „Degrowth“. Dieser Artikel skizziert die Entwicklung und inhaltlichen Grundpfeiler der Degrowth-Bewegung und geht der Frage nach, ob sich das Konzept über die Jahre überlebt oder bewährt hat. Ausgehend von den Erfahrungen der Bewegung für Klimagerechtigkeit wird aufgezeigt, wo zukünftig strategische Hürden und Potentiale liegen. Eingegangen wird dabei insbesondere auf (1) die Notwendigkeit einer ganzheitlichen Perspektive, (2) die Bedeutung institutioneller Arrangements, (3) die Rolle des Faktors Arbeit sowie (4) den Einfluss sozialer Macht und Herrschaft. Es wird konstatiert, dass wenn es der Degrowth Bewegung gelingt Antworten auf die im Text aufgeworfenen Fragen zu finden, strategische Rückschlüsse daraus zu ziehen und in ihre Praxis zu übersetzen, sie sich noch lange nicht überlebt hat und in der Lage sein wird, sich neuen Herausforderungen zu stellen.
Plato’s Recollection Argument in the Philebus
Authors: Iwata Naoya
Published: December 2018

Many scholars have denied that Plato’s argument about desire at Philebus 34c10–35d7 is related to his recollection arguments in the Meno and Phaedo, because it is concerned only with postnatal experiences of pleasure. This paper argues against their denial by showing that the desire argument in question is intended to prove the soul’s possession of innate memory of pleasure. This innateness interpretation will be supported by a close analysis of the Timaeus, where Plato suggests that our inborn desires for food and drink derive from the primitive experiences of pleasure that have naturally been incorporated into the appetitive part of the soul.
Programmieren mit dem Klassenfeind
Authors: Bergien Rüdiger
Published: December 2018

Vorspann

Der Kalte Krieg und die deutsche Teilung liefern eine Fülle tragischer, komischer, verschlungener und geheimnisvoller Geschichten. Eine davon erzählt Rüdiger Bergien, der einer verdeckten, die Grenzen der Legalität strapazierenden Kooperation zwischen dem Siemens-Konzern und dem Ministerium für Staatssicherheit nachspürt. Wie der Potsdamer Historiker auf der Basis bislang unbekannter Quellen zeigen kann, profitierten beide Seiten von diesem Geschäft mit Großrechnern, Programmen und Peripheriegeräten aller Art. Siemens gewann einen guten Kunden und ein „Versuchskaninchen“ beim Einsatz neuer Software; der Staatssicherheit gelang mit westdeutscher Hilfe dagegen der Sprung ins digitale Zeitalter – freilich um den Preis lästiger Abhängigkeit bei Systempflege und Schulung, den Ost-Berlin bis zum Fall der Mauer zu zahlen hatte.
Hitler redivivus
Authors: Nilsson Mikael
Published: December 2018

Vorspann

Sind die als „Hitlers Tischgespräche“ und „Monologe im Führerhauptquartier“ erschienenen Wiedergaben von Hitlers Ausführungen in Gesprächen in einem erweiterten vertrauten Kreis als „authentisch“ zu betrachten? Nicht wenige Historiker gehen damit so um, als handele es sich um exakte Gesprächsaufzeichnungen. Mikael Nilsson meldet hier starke Zweifel an. Er hat Entstehung und Überlieferung der Tischreden akribisch untersucht und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass im Umgang damit äußerste Vorsicht angebracht ist. Allzu viele Schritte liegen zwischen Zuhören und Aufzeichnen, starke Überarbeitungen können nachgewiesen werden, Widersprüche treten auf, und selbst Manipulationsabsichten können nicht ausgeschlossen werden.
Redemption for the Serpent: The Reception History of Serpent Material from the Physiologus in the Greek, Latin, and Syriac Traditions
Authors: Scully Jason
Published: December 2018

The Physiologus is a patristic text containing allegorical interpretations of animals. This article examines the Greek, Latin, and Syriac reception history of the serpent material from the Physiologus and concludes that while Greek and Latin authors repeated serpent material from the Physiologus, John the Solitary and Isaac of Nineveh, in the Syriac tradition, furthered the allegorical sense of this text by adding an ascetical layer of interpretation. In particular, they both use the serpent material from the Physiologus to explain the transformation from the outer man to the inner man.

Two additional conclusions are offered. First, this article shows that the Physiologus became a standard resource for a “redeem the snake” tradition that emerged sometime in the fourth and fifth centuries due to a renewed interest in classical zoology and due to an increase in biblical commentary on Matt 10:16, where Jesus encourages his followers to be as wise as serpents. Second, this article shows that some of the serpent analogies from the Physiologus circulated independently from the rest in a no-longer-extant form of the Physiologus or else as part of a separate work, possibly another natural history compendium. This conclusion has repercussions for dating the Physiologus.
Luminescenzumwandlung durch Sauerstoff Nachweis geringster Sauerstoffmengen
Authors: Kautsky H. , Müller G. O.
Published: December 2018

Die langsam abklingende Phosphorescenz von Farbstoffadsorbaten wird bei tiefer Temperatur schon durch verschwindend geringe Sauerstoffmengen augenblicklich, in der Farbe der gesetzmäßig immer kürzerwelligen Fluorescenz, ausgeleuchtet. Diese rasche Färb-und Intensitätsänderung einer Phosphorescenz kann als Indikator für den Nachweis geringster Sauerstoffspuren dienen.
Über den Zusammenhang der Eigenwerte der Heisenbergschen S-Matrix mit den stationären Zuständen
Authors: Meixner Josef
Published: December 2018

Für den von Kramers und Heisenberg gefundenen Zusammenhang zwischen den Eigenfunktionen des kontinuierlichen und des diskreten Spektrums eines wellen-mechanischen Eigenwertproblems wird ein neuer Beweis gegeben, der auf dem Ent-wicklungssatz und auf den Eigenschaften der Greenschen Funktion beruht.
Bilateral Third Nerve Paralysis as a Manifestation of Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Paybast Sepideh , Hesami Omid , Koosha Mohsen
Published: December 2018

Gullian–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy with many variants and distinct presentations. Although cranial neuropathy is a common feature in GBS, third nerve palsy is a rare presentation. Herein, we describe a case of GBS patient who has presented by acute flaccid quadriparesis coexisting bilateral third nerve palsy. We tried to highlight the importance of other cranial nerve involvement in the natural history of GBS.
Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: Evaluation of Therapies Association in Experimentally Infected Mice With Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
Authors: do Nascimento Volpe Roberta Ayres Ferreira , Navasconi Taisa Rocha , dos Reis Vanessa Nesi , Hioka Noboru , Becker Tânia Cristina Alexandrino , Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni Maria , Aristides Sandra Mara Alessi , Silveira Thaís Gomes Verzignassi
Published: December 2018

Introduction: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania that affects the skin and mucous membrane. Currently, the available drugs for the treatment are injectable, with side effects, long-term treatment regimen and there is the possibility of drug resistance. Thus, alternative therapies have been tested, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). We evaluated the efficacy of PDT on its own and associated with the prescribed ATL treatment. Methods: BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and divided into 6 groups: Gluc+PDT, treated with Glucantime® and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue (MB)/red LED (light-emitting diode); Gluc, treated with Glucantime®; PDT, treated with PDT with MB/red LED; Ampho+PDT, treated with amphotericin and PDT with MB/red LED; Ampho, treated with amphotericin; and control, which were infected but not treated. Two treatment cycles were performed. After 165 days of infection, the parasite load was determined. Results: Statistical differences were not found (P>0.05) between measures of volume and thickness of the infected footpads in the treated groups when compared with the control group. However, there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the parasitic load of the popliteal lymph nodes of the Gluc+PDT, Gluc, PDT and Ampho groups when compared to the control group. In the histological analysis of the infected footpads, the Gluc+PDT group presented a smaller amount of amastigote nests and lower intensity of the mononuclear infiltrate when compared to the Gluc and PDT groups. Conclusion: The results showed that although there is no significant difference in the evaluations of footpad size (thickness and volume), there is a downward measurement tendency in the Gluc+PDT group, as it can be observed by volume data and corroborated by parasite negative load.
Impaired Cognitive Function after Perineuronal Net Degradation in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Paylor John W. , Wendlandt Eszter , Freeman Tara S. , Greba Quentin , Marks Wendie N. , Howland John G. , Winship Ian R.
Published: December 2018

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are highly organized components of the extracellular matrix that surround a subset of mature neurons in the CNS. These structures play a critical role in regulating neuronal plasticity, particularly during neurodevelopment. Consistent with this role, their presence is associated with functional and structural stability of the neurons they ensheath. A loss of PNNs in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been suggested to contribute to cognitive impairment in disorders such as schizophrenia. However, the direct consequences of PNN loss in medial PFC (mPFC) on cognition has not been demonstrated. Here, we examined behavior after disruption of PNNs in mPFC of Long–Evans rats following injection of the enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChABC). Our data show that ChABC-treated animals were impaired on tests of object oddity perception. Performance in the cross-modal object recognition (CMOR) task was not significantly different for ChABC-treated rats, although ChABC-treated rats were not able to perform above chance levels whereas control rats were. ChABC-treated animals were not significantly different from controls on tests of prepulse inhibition (PPI), set-shifting (SS), reversal learning, or tactile and visual object recognition memory. Posthumous immunohistochemistry confirmed significantly reduced PNNs in mPFC due to ChABC treatment. Moreover, PNN density in the mPFC predicted performance on the oddity task, where higher PNN density was associated with better performance. These findings suggest that PNN loss within the mPFC impairs some aspects of object oddity perception and recognition and that PNNs contribute to cognitive function in young adulthood.
OKRATOKSİN A'NIN EKMEKTE BULUNMA MİKTARINDA FERMANTASYON VE PİŞİRMENİN ETKİSİ
Authors: VAR İşıl , ATASEVER SAVAŞ Özlem , SAĞLAM Selin , Uçkun Okşan
Published: December 2018

Okratoksin A (OTA) sıklıkla tahıllarda görülen bir
mikotoksin olup, ekmek gibi tahıl ürünlerine de geçebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada,
farklı konsantrasyonlardaki OTA'nın unda bulunması durumunda ekmek yapım
süresince uygulanan işlemlerden sonraki değişimi incelenmiştir. Ekmek yapımı 5
µg/kg ve 10 µg/kg olmak üzere iki farklı OTA konsantrasyonu ile kontamine
edilen beyaz un kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Kontamine edilen bu örneklerin OTA
seviyeleri, hamur yapımı, hamur fermantasyonu ve pişirme işlemleri sonunda analiz
edilmiştir. Hamur yapımı, hamur fermantasyonu ve pişirme işlemlerinden sonra 5
µg/kg konsantrasyonu için tespit edilen OTA seviyesi sırasıyla 2.76 µg/kg, 1.35
µg/kg ve 0.635 µg/kg olarak tespit edilmiş olup, 10 µg/kg konsantrasyonu için
OTA seviyesi sırasıyla 7.36 µg/kg, 4.69 µg/kg ve 2.37 µg/kg olarak bulunmuştur.
Çalışmamızda ekmekte tespit edilen OTA değerleri 0.38 µg/kg ile 2.915 µg/kg
aralığında değişmekte olup, son üründe bulunan OTA seviyeleri Avrupa Komisyonu
ve Türk Gıda Kodeksi tarafından önerilen yasal limitin (3 µg/kg) altında
bulunmuştur.
The Celibate Athlete
Authors: Secord Jared
Published: December 2018

In this article, I propose a new way of interpreting athletic metaphors in early Christian literature. I argue that the metaphorical figure of the athlete would have evoked for ancient readers not simply the ideas of competitive struggle, but also the idea of sexual abstinence, a lifestyle choice closely associated with athletes in the Greco-Roman world. The article collects and discusses evidence for the practice of athletic celibacy, drawing together a disparate collection of medical and philosophical literature, with Christian sources, from the second and third centuries CE. It demonstrates that athletic celibacy was a familiar concept in this period, and that many observers were interested in the methods that athletes used to control their sexual urges, including applying lead plates to their loin muscles. The treatment of this evidence suggests that there was greater interest in sexual abstinence among non-Christians than has previously been understood, and that athletes were implicated in controversies about whether or not total abstention from sex was a healthy lifestyle choice. As such, I argue that it is plausible to regard the athletic imagery of early Christians not only as a metaphorical comparison between two kinds of strident individuals, but also as advocacy for the celibate life as the most healthful lifestyle.
The Brain as Treasury and as Aqueduct
Authors: Wright Jessica
Published: December 2018

In late antique theological texts, metaphors of the brain were useful tools for talking about forms of governance: cosmic, political, and domestic; failed and successful; interior discipline and social control. These metaphors were grounded in a common philosophical analogy between the body and the city, and were also supported by the ancient medical concept of the brain as the source of the sensory and motor nerves. Often the brain was imagined as a monarch or civic official, governing the body from the head as from an acropolis or royal house. This article examines two unconventional metaphors of the brain in the work of the fifth-century Greco-Syrian bishop Theodoret of Cyrrhus—the brain as a treasure within the acropolis, and the brain as a node in an urban aqueduct—both of which adapt the structural metaphor of governance to reflect the changing political and economic circumstances of imperial Christianity. Drawing upon medical theories of the brain, Theodoret expands upon the conventional governance metaphor of brain function to encompass the economic and the spiritual responsibilities of the bishop-administrator. Just as architectural structures (acropolis, aqueduct) contain and distribute valuable resources (treasure, water) within the city, so the brain accumulates and redistributes nourishing substances (marrow, blood, pneuma) within the body; and just as the brain functions as a site for the transformation of material resources (body) into spiritual goods (mind), so the bishop stands as a point of mediation between earthly wealth and the treasures of heaven.
Comprehensive biopedagogical education and training in pharmaco-safety
Authors: Tobón-Marulanda Flor Ángela
Published: December 2018

The problem of violence and discrimination based on gender is an aspect we must take in charge as a society. In this line, the objectives of this research have been framed in the reflection on problems and obstacles that arise in teacher training, as well as on possibilities and advantages of including and working with women and their history. The research is a case study that had five participants. The participants were teachers of social science teaching who work in different establishments in Santiago, Chile. The instruments to collect information consisted of semi structured interviews, and the techniques to analyze it took into account the critical theory, poststructuralism, gender theories, and queer theory. Regarding the main findings, it is possible to point out that, for the teaching staff of didactics, there are multiple possibilities to include women and their history in teacher training, as well as in teaching practices. However, for this, spaces that favor the inclusion of women’s problems should be promoted. The participating teachers recommended, as conclusions, that women and other groups that have been invisibilized, marginalized, and have suffered violence in different contexts should reflect on their own pedagogical practices to generate spaces and transformations in face of inequalities, prejudices, stereotypes, and the oppressive roles that women have been given for reasons of gender.
Buddhist economics: An overview
Authors: Brown Clair , Zsolnai Laszlo
Published: December 2018

Over the centuries, Buddhist monks applied economic models in the operations of their monasteries to make them sustainable while also observing Buddhist principles. The large variety of economic practices observed demonstrate the creativity of monastics in acquiring the resources to support their large monasteries in a way that was viewed as compatible with Buddhist ethics embodied in the Noble Eightfold Path. Researchers have analyzed the integration of faith-based and financially related monastic needs for different countries in different eras. The Buddhist economics approach as it has been developed in the last 40-50 years aims to create an alternative worldview that challenges the main underlying assumptions of Western economics. The mainstream Western economics model is originally based on the following assumptions: rational, selfish behavior; profit-maximization; competitive markets; and instrumental use of the environment. Buddhist economics is based on a different set of assumptions: dependent origination (“pratityasamutpada”), where people are interdependent with each other and with Earth; people are aware of enlightened self-interest based on interdependence and thus are altruistic; firms care about the well-being of workers, customers, shareholders, and community; and all activities include caring for the environment. With these assumptions, the Buddhist economic model has shared prosperity in a sustainable world with minimal suffering as its goal.
Communist populism in Hungary
Authors: Antal Attila
Published: December 2018

According to Cas Mudde, we live in a “populist Zeitgeist”. The paper argues that not just the 21st, but also the 20th century is about populism. In the first section I elaborate the theoretical background of populism, which is claimed to be a never-ending phenomenon: here, various notions of populism are analysed; I investigate the relationship between democracy and populism; and I refer to the biopolitical framework of populism (called biopopulism) as well. This theoretical framework will be used to analyse Communist populism in Hungary. I elaborate the populism of the Horthyera (1920-1944) in the context of Communist populism. Then I analyse the case of Communist populism in Hungary (1948-1989) according to the following aspects: in the context of the working class and the bourgeois elite; the biopolitical character of the regime; goulash Communism as populist legitimacy; and the viewpoint of socialist patriotism. The main aspect of Communist populism is summarized at the end of the third section, and I briefly refer to the afterlife of Communist populism as a nostalgic phenomenon. The regimes analysed in this study aimed to govern the entire life of the citizens, which is why biopopulism is a useful analytical concept. The biopopulist framework shows that the investigation of the historical backgrounds of populism is necessary to understand contemporary populist tendencies.
DETEKSI DINI Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) MENGGUNAKAN METODE PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION)
Authors: Faisal Annisa Fitriah , Pancoro Adi
Published: December 2018

Sejak akhir tahun 2014, wabah kotoran putih atau yang sering disebut juga WFD (White Feces Disease), merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi pada petambak udang di Indonesia. Wabah ini diketahui disebabkan oleh Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) dan telah mengakibatkan retardasi pertumbuhan hingga kematian pada udang. Hingga saat ini, penyakit WFD dapat dideteksi dengan cara uji histologi, hibridisasi in situ, dan PCR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan metode deteksi dini penyakit EHP pada udang vaname dengan metode PCR melalui perancangan primer yang spesifik dan sensitif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi EHP pada udang vaname yang terinfeksi, kemudian dideteksi dengan metode PCR yang mentarget SWP (spore wall protein) dari EHP serta pengujian spesifitas dan sensitivitasnya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa EHP dapat diisolasi dari udang yang terinfeksi dan dapat didesain dua pasang primer yaitu SWP-EHP1 dan SWP-EHP3 yang mentarget spore wall protein EHP. Kedua primer ini dapat digunakan untuk deteksi EHP menggunakan PCR, dengan produk PCR pada primer SWP-EHP1 yaitu 398 bp dan primer SWP-EHP3 sebesar 415 bp, serta nilai suhu annealing optimal pada 48oC.Hasil pengujian sensitivitas primer, diketahui bahwa primer SWP-EHP1 dapat mendeteksi EHP hingga jumlah DNA target sebanyak 7,74 x 102 kopi sedangkan primer SWP-EHP3 dapat mendeteksi hingga 16,2 x 102 kopi.Since 2014, white feces disease (WFD) is one of the emerging problems for whiteleg shrimp farming industries in Indonesia. This outbreak is known to be caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection to shrimp. EHP infection resulted in growth retardation to a mass mortality in shrimp. To date, WFD can be detected by histology, in situ hybridization and PCR. This study aimed to obtain an early detection method of EHP on whiteleg shrimp by PCR method through specific and sensitive primers design. In this study, we isolated the DNA of EHP from infected whiteleg shrimp, then detected by PCR method which targeted spore wall protein (SWP) from EHP as well as sensitivity and specificity testing. As a result, EHP can be isolated from infected shrimp and can be designed 2 pairs of primers (SWP-EHP1 and SWP-EHP3) targeting spore wall protein of EHP. These primers could be used for EHP detection using PCR, with PCR products from primers SWP-EHP1 was 398 bp and from SWP-EHP3 primers was 415 bp, with an optimum annealing temperature of 48oC. Primers sensitivity test results revealed that primers SWP-EHP1 could detect EHP to 7.74 x 102 copies while the primers SWP-EHP3 could detect up to 16.2 x 102 copies.
PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH GAMBUT MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA PESISIR DI KAWASAN HIDROLOGIS GAMBUT SUNGAI KATINGAN DAN SUNGAI MENTAYA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Ramdhan Muhammad , Siregar Zaenal Arifin
Published: December 2018

Area gambut yang ada di wilayah pesisir memiliki peran ekologis yang penting sebagai penyimpan karbon, penyimpan air, konservasi biodiversitas dan aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat. Pengelolaan wilayah gambut dilakukan dengan memperhatikan keseimbangan faktor sosial, ekonomi dan juga lingkungan fisik. Makalah ini akan memaparkan usaha pengelolaan wilayah gambut di kawasan hidrologis gambut Sungai Katingan – Sungai Mentaya seluas 254.522 hektar yang ada di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah.Metode kuantitatif-kualitatif melalui teknik GIS dan survey lapangan dilakukan untuk mendapat parameter terkait pengelolaan lahan gambut di lokasi studi.Upaya restorasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah ada tiga jenis yaitu melakukan rewetting di areal gambut yang berkanal dan pernah terjadi kebakaran,revegetasi bagi wilayah gambut yang tutupan vegetasinya sudah < 25% danpembentukan desa-desa peduli gambut yang dilakukan melalui suatu pendekatan sosial pada masyarakat sekitar yang beraktivitas sehari-hari di kawasan gambut tersebut.
‘Equality on the sea’
Authors: Comer Joseph
Published: December 2018

In this paper, I examine LGBTQ tourism discourse about Cape Town, South Africa, which is often declared the 'gay capital of Africa'. The paper considers the implications of such claims and how, in the specific case of Cape Town, apparently playful rhetorics obscure deep-seated inequalities under the guise of visibility, equality and globality. Using a multimodal critical discourse analysis informed by queer theory, my paper examines the recurrent linguistic and visual production of these rhetorics in a range of LGBTQ tourism marketing materials, before focusing on the website of one key agent: Out2Africa. Ultimately, I demonstrate how, contrary to the superficially progressive and cosmopolitan discourses of LGBTQ tourism, equality is increasingly represented in consumer media as an individual attainment typified by privileged mobility rather than any true social condition. Under the sway of neoliberal capitalism, mobility is a commodity, identity, and metonym for pride, and equality becomes a slogan.
‘Entre el alivio y el palo’
Authors: Gray John
Published: December 2018

This paper draws on a series of life story interviews with Lukas, a middle-aged Spanish trans man who was previously ascribed the identity of butch lesbian. Specifically it draws on four interviews which date from the months following Lukas's initial self-identification as trans in late 2015. The interviews capture a transitory moment in his gender transitioning. The paper addresses the intersectionalityof gender and sexuality and focuses mainly on the way in which Lukas's claiming of his trans man identity simultaneously articulates with his repudiation of his former lesbian identity. In these interviews Lukas presents himself as caught between what he describes as 'el alivio' ('the relief') of initial self-recognition, and 'el palo' ('the hassle') of deciding what do next. The hassle arises from the fact that he has what he describes as 'una vida hecha ya' (literally 'a life already made' for himself), and because many of the choices before him have financial and professional implications. Most significantly however, the hassle is also shown to be inextricably bound up with the 'neglected intersectionality' of age.
'Women Leaders and Gender Stereotyping in the UK Press: A Poststructuralist Approach' by Judith Baxter
Authors: Henaku Nancy
Published: December 2018

Women Leaders and Gender Stereotyping in the UK Press: A Poststructuralist Approach by Judith Baxter (2018), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 157pp.
'Speaking Up: Understanding Language and Gender' by Allyson Jule
Authors: Zhang Ke
Published: December 2018

Speaking Up: Understanding Language and Gender by Allyson Jule (2018), Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 144pp.
Observation Impact Assessment on the Prediction of the Earth System Dynamics Using the Adjoint-Based Method
Authors: Steinle Peter , Tingwell Chris , Soldatenko Sergei
Published: December 2018

Mathematical models of the Earth system and its components represent one of the most powerful and effective instruments applied to explore the Earth system's behaviour in the past and present, and to predict its future state considering external influence. These models are critically reliant on a large number of various observations (in situ and remotely sensed) since the prediction accuracy is determined by, amongst other things, the accuracy of the initial state of the system in question, which, in turn, is defined by observational data provided by many different instrument types. The development of an observing network is very costly, hence the estimation of the effectiveness of existing observation network and the design of a prospective one, is very important. The objectives of this paper are (1) to present the adjoint-based approach that allows us to estimate the impact of various observations on the accuracy of prediction of the Earth system and its components, and (2) to illustrate the application of this approach to two coupled low-order chaotic dynamical systems and to the ACCESS (Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator) global model used operationally in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The results of numerical experiments show that by using the adjoint-based method it is possible to rank the observations by the degree of their importance and also to estimate the influence of target observations on the quality of predictions.
Methods and Algorithms for Pseudo-probabilistic Encryption with Shared Key
Authors: Moldovyan Alexandr , Moldovyan Nikolay
Published: December 2018

As a method for providing security of the messages sent via a public channel in the case of potential coercive attacks there had been proposed algorithms and protocols of deniable encryption. The lasts are divided on the following types: 1) schemes with public key, 2) schemes with shares secret key, and 3) no-key schemes. There are introduced pseudo-probabilistic symmetric ciphers that represent a particular variant of implementing deniable encryption algorithms. It is discussed application of the pseudo-probabilistic encryption for constructing special mechanisms of the information protection including steganographic channels hidden in ciphertexts. There are considered methods for designing stream and block pseudo-probabilistic encryption algorithms that implement simultaneous ciphering fake and secret messages so that the generated ciphertext is computationally indistinguishable from the ciphertext obtained as output of the probabilistic encryption of the fake message. The requirement of the ciphertext indistinguishability from the probabilistic encryption has been used as one of the design criteria. To implement this criterion in the construction scheme of the pseudo-probabilistic ciphers it is included step of bijective mapping pairs of intermediate ciphertext blocks of the fake and secret messages into a single expanded block of the output ciphertext. Implementations of the pseudo-probabilistic block ciphers in which algorithms for recovering the fake and secret messages coincide completely are also considered. There are proposed general approaches to constructing no-key encryption protocols and randomized pseudo-probabilistic block ciphers. Concrete implementations of the cryptoschemes of such types are presented.
O Mestre francez (1767) de Francisco Clamopin Durand e as suas fontes
Authors: Coelho Sónia , Fontes Susana , Moura Teresa
Published: December 2018

RESUMO A gramática O Mestre francez de Francisco Clamopin Durand foi publicada, pela primeira vez, em 1767, e terá contado com onze edições, revelando a importância e a divulgação que esta gramática franco-portuguesa teve na época. Neste sentido, pretendemos dar a conhecer esta gramática e o seu autor, procurando identificar as principais fontes (Auroux 2006) para as ideias linguísticas do gramático no que respeita ao tratamento das partes da oração mais importantes, isto é, do artigo, do nome, do pronome e do verbo, seguindo o modelo de análise proposto por Swiggers (2006) para o estudo da gramaticografia francesa e espanhola.
IMPACT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON THE INFLAMMATORY STATE BASED ON CPR VALUE
Authors: MIGLIORE Renato , GENTILE João Kleber Almeida , FRANCA Fabiana Tornincasa , KAPPAZ Guilherme Tommasi , BUENO-DE-SOUZA Pedro Marcos Santinho , ASSEF José Cesar
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Background: PCR (C-reactive protein), produced in the liver after stimuli of inflammatory mediators, is determined as a marker of inflammatory activity (adipocytokines) and is present within adipocyte cells; besides being an inflammatory product, many studies have shown to be a predictor of complications. Aim: To determine if the inflammatory state of the obese patient decreases after bariatric surgery, based on pre and post-operative PCR. Methods: A prospective, observational study in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass surgery followed up for three months after surgery, with serum preoperative CRP in 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery. Results: A total of 19 patients, who had a mean CRP value before the surgical procedure of 0.80(±0.54) mg/dl, were followed, and when compared to the CRP with 30 days of surgery, they presented a significant increase to 2.68 mg/dl (p=0.012). When compared with the PCR of 60 days after the surgical procedure, it was also higher with the value of 3.32 mg/dl (p=0.27). However, at three months after surgery, the CRP showed a decrease when compared to the preoperative mark, with value of 0.45 mg/dl (p=0.0042). Conclusion: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was able to decrease the chronic inflammation status of these patients, based on the value of CRP, with three months of surgery.
“Se o índio for original”: a negação da coetaneidade como condição para uma indianidade autêntica na mídia e nos estudos da linguagem no Brasil
Authors: Nascimento André Marques do
Published: December 2018

Resumo Neste artigo, abordo a ideia de negação da coetaneidade e como ela toma forma em discursos da mídia e em pressupostos epistemológicos dos estudos da linguagem para os quais uma “identidade indígena autêntica” se faz importante. Para isso, inicio a discussão apresentando um caso radical e violento de materialização da negação da coetaneidade indígena na imprensa brasileira e busco, na sequência, aprofundar a compreensão desse conceito, desde seu contexto original de crítica interna à Antropologia, até sua apropriação e ampliação pelos estudos decoloniais. Desde esse aparato teórico, apresento instâncias de sua implementação em outros discursos jornalísticos hegemônicos no Brasil com os objetivos de demonstrar como essa negação é estratégica e atende a interesses supralocais que fazem com que circulem facilmente na sociedade. Finalmente, apresento a hipótese de que a negação da coetaneidade é implementada, talvez de forma mais sutil e naturalizada, em pressupostos teóricos dos estudos da linguagem que se dedicam às línguas e situações sociolinguísticas indígenas. Para isso, relato uma pesquisa empírica, de caráter metateórico, cujos resultados tendem a confirmar essa hipótese.
AUTORIA INDÍGENA EM QUINZE ANOS DE CARTAS
Authors: Costa Suzane Lima , Kariri Rafael Xucuru
Published: December 2018

RESUMO São muitas as pesquisas que analisam cartas sobre os povos indígenas para uma compreensão crítica da história política e literária do Brasil. Nessas análises, as epístolas são tratadas como valorosos arquivos dos processos de criação dos seus autores, testemunhos de notórias situações identitárias e políticas e/ou documentos históricos/biográficos fundamentais para entendermos a nossa história. Todavia, há uma lacuna significativa nessas pesquisas e abordagens quando o indígena se torna o remetente das cartas, o autor desse tipo de texto, ou seja, quando a biografia, o testemunho ou o documento histórico foi produzido pelo próprio índio. Em 2013, elaboramos o projeto As cartas dos povos indígenas ao Brasil, tanto para discutir essa lacuna, quanto para criarmos o primeiro arquivo virtual e físico dessas correspondências - fundamentais hoje para apresentação de uma outra versão do Brasil, narrada e criada pela autoria dos povos indígenas. Neste artigo, analisaremos as especificidades de algumas dessas correspondências, discutindo a carta como suporte utilizado pelos indígenas para uma conversação com o Brasil, o próprio Brasil enquanto destinatário dessas correspondências e os modos de construção da autoria coletiva entre os indígenas, ensejando, assim, uma política linguística/identitária muito própria.
Compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE): estudo transversal com o universo de municípios brasileiros
Authors: Machado Patrícia Maria de Oliveira , Schmitz Bethsáida de Abreu Soares , González-Chica David Alejandro , Corso Arlete Catarina Tittoni , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de , Gabriel Cristine Garcia
Published: December 2018

Resumo A integração entre a agricultura familiar e a alimentação escolar têm o potencial de melhorar a variedade dos cardápios escolares aproximando produção e consumo de alimentos. Este estudo caracterizou os municípios brasileiros quanto à compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado por meio de questionário eletrônico enviado aos 5.565 municípios do país. Participaram da pesquisa 93,2% dos municípios (n = 5.184). Destes, 78,5% adquiriram alimentos da agricultura familiar, destacando-se a região Sul, com a maior frequência de municípios realizando a compra (95,5%), e a região Centro-Oeste com a menor (67,9%). Os municípios de grande porte, com gestão da alimentação escolar do tipo mista, descentralizada ou terceirizada e sem nutricionista como responsável técnico, apresentaram menor frequência de compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar. Conclui-se que, apesar da ampla efetivação da aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar pelo programa em todo país, 50% dos municípios não investiram o mínimo exigido em lei, demandando ações educativas e de assistência técnica direcionadas para o cumprimento da legislação, em especial nos estados e regiões que apresentaram maiores dificuldades.