bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis Effectiveness in Low-Risk Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sajjadi Mohammadreza Minator , Nazarinasab Mohammad , Behroozi Amirali , Karimi Amin , Mehrvar Amir , Safavi Naini Seyed Amir Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Background: There is a paucity of evidence and controversies regarding prophylaxis strategies in low-risk patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of aspirin and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in an arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for low-risk patients.
Methods: We performed a preoperational evaluation a week before surgery for any sign of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). For this purpose, we used single limited compression Doppler ultrasonography (CUS) of the lower extremities. Rehabilitation started before the time of the surgery to improve the range of motion (ROM) and quadriceps muscle function. A team of 3 orthopedists performed the procedures. The same surgical technique and graft were used with spinal anesthesia, and operation time was recorded.
Results: The mean age of participants was 31.4 ± 5.6 years, with 93 individuals (67%) being men and 23% women. No cases of DVT or PE were observed. Three cases in the LMWH group and one case in the aspirin group experienced minor surgical site bleeding. One case of hemarthrosis with normal ultrasonography occurred in the LMWH group. Regarding safety and effectiveness, there was no statistically significant difference between the parallel arms.
Conclusion: The use of LMWH or aspirin after simple arthroscopic ACL reconstruction in low-risk patients showed no difference in effectiveness. Hence, the routine use of thromboprophylaxis in this setting is questionable although adverse events are rare
Correction of Triphalangeal Thumb with Small Delta Phalanx by Closed Wedge Osteotomy of the Proximal Phalanx: A Case Report
Authors: Okhovatpour Mohammad Ali , Adibi Amirjafar
Published: October 2024

Background: Triphalangeal thumb (TPT) is a rare congenital anomaly, especially in the Asian population. Traditional treatments depend on the type of deformity and the presence of concomitant anomalies and include either excision in addition to the ligament reconstruction or fusion and shortening osteotomy. Instability and stiffness are the major concerns following the traditional techniques.
Case Report: In this study, we report a case of right TPT with a small delta phalanx in a nine-year-old boy who was treated by proximal phalanx radial closed wedge osteotomy without delta phalanx resection or intracapsular dissection. The angular deformity and the appearance of the thumb were corrected by this simple procedure without resulting in instability and stiffness in the interphalangeal joint.
Conclusion: Proximal phalanx closed wedge osteotomy is a rapid, simple, and effective technique with a low risk of unexpected complications for correcting the appearance in the cases of TPT with a small delta phalanx.
Management of Neglected Pediatric Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mane Sudhir Shankar , Reddy P. Jayaram , Jagadishwer Rao Kyatham L.
Published: October 2024

Background: Missed or neglected Monteggia lesions are defined as classical fracture-dislocation presenting at least four weeks after injury. This injury in children is often challenging to treat and requires complex methods to achieve optimal results.
Case Report: We report a 6-year-old girl with a 2-month-old neglected Bado type-I Monteggia fracture-dislocation. Our patient underwent ulnar osteotomy, bone grafting, and fixation with a semi-tubular plate along with open radial head reduction. Although the patient experienced wound complications at the bone graft harvest site, she achieved an excellent outcome with restored functionality and range of motion (ROM).
Conclusion: Neglected Monteggia injuries in pediatric patients demand multifaceted treatment approaches due to their complexity and potential for long-term functional impairment. The absence of a consensus on definitive treatment underscores the importance of early diagnosis and open reduction to enhance long-term outcomes. This case report highlights the effectiveness of ulnar osteotomy, plate fixation, and open radial head reduction in achieving favorable results.
Evaluation of the Differences in Parameters Obtained from the Computed Tomography Images of the Eyeball and the Structures in the Orbit by Age and Gender
Authors: Akyer Nurhan , Toy Şeyma , Seçgin Yusuf , Şenol Deniz , Öner Serkan , Öner Zülal , Turan Muhammed
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to show the variation of eyeball and orbital structures according to different age groups and gender.
Methods: The study was conducted on computerized tomography (CT) images of 4 age groups: 30-40, 41-50, 51-60, and over 61 years old. The parameters were, the angle between the optic nerve and axis of eyeball (A-Cr2AA), the length of the medial rectus muscle (MRML) and the length of the lateral rectus muscle (LRML) up to the Zinn ring, the thickness of the lens (LT), the length of the optic nerve from the Zinn ring (Cr2L), optic nerve thickness (Cr2T), distance between two eyeballs (BOD) and the others.
Results: As a result of the study, in the comparison of males in four groups, significant difference was found between the groups in LT, Cr2L, A-Cr2AA, MRML parameters in the right eyeball and Cr2L and LRML parameters in the left eyeball (p
Analysis of the Influence of Brand Image and Product Variety on Purchasing Decisions for Wizzmie in Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Augustinah Fedianty , Listyawati Liling , Herawati Andry , Perdana Saviola Putra
Published: October 2024

The goal of this study is to explore at how brand image and product diversity effect consumer purchasing decisions for Wizzmie in Sidoarjo Regency. A quantitative research approach, including a survey procedure, was employed. Wizzmie clients were requested to fill out surveys in order to collect primary data. The data was analysed using multiple linear regression techniques. The study's findings imply that brand image has a favourable and significant influence on client buying decisions. Product diversity has a substantial positive impact on buying decisions. As a result, both brand image and product variety impact Wizzmie consumers' purchase decisions in Sidoarjo Regency. This  research implies that companies should pay attention to and enhance their brand image and product variety to improve consumer purchasing decisions. It is hoped that this will help companies in designing more effective marketing strategies.
Adaptive Sport and Recreational Therapy: A Scoping Review to Explore Practices for the Profession
Authors: Thomas Allie , Mueller Kaitlin , Whaley Derek , Kim Makenna
Published: October 2024

Adaptive sports provide athletes with disabilities with independent engagement while increasing their physical health and skill-building abilities. Recreational therapy prides itself as the primary discipline implementing adaptive sports for individuals with disabilities, yet efficacy needs to be determined. A scoping review was conducted using recreational therapy/therapeutic recreation online journals, and standardized checklists with predefined criteria to extract details on study design, procedures, outcomes, and study quality. Data were analyzed by three researchers using a structured, blinded review. Four themes emerged about recreational therapy services and adaptive sports: Fostering positive athlete outcomes, the importance of including both components of physical health and skill competency, social benefits for athletes, and facilitation considerations for adaptive sports within recreational therapy services. Findings warrant additional research on adaptive sports and recreational therapy services and recommendations for practice are discussed, such as establishing best practice guidelines for this specialty area.
A Systematic Review and Critique of Recreational Therapy-Specific Literature Regarding Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Dyke Jacqueline L. , Townsend Jasmine , Van Puymbroeck Marieke , Crowe Brandi , Loar Lisa
Published: October 2024

Just over four out of 10 Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialists (CTRS®s) identify that they work with people who have substance use disorder (SUD); however, there are few SUD-specific recreational therapy (RT) resources available to guide practice with this population. A systematic review and critique of SUD-specific RT literature was conducted to examine the basis for the current state of practice of RT within SUD treatment. Peer-reviewed journal articles from 1981-2021 and current RT textbooks and manuals from four publishers were reviewed to highlight the existing evidence base for SUD-specific RT practice, and critiqued for shortcomings. Gaps and needs in research are discussed, as well as recommendations for the development of SUD-specific evidence-based practices in RT.
Agriculture and the youth population in Africa: An under-tapped resource for inclusive development
Authors:   University of Venda, Oluwatayo Isaac , Ojo AO
Published: October 2024

Several countries in Africa and other developing nations have grown, not only astronomically in terms of population, but also economically over the past two to three decades. However, available evidence has shown that economic growth alone does not guarantee inclusivity, a precondition for development. While some economic growth initiatives are pro-poor leading to some form of segregation, others are overtly sectoral, discriminatory, and sometimes unsustainable. Meanwhile, agricultural development through a conscious and committed investment portends a good deal for inclusive transformation considering the pivotal place of agriculture in the economic fabric of these countries. Again, with the rising population of young people in the continent with no appreciable investment in new skills and technologies to catch up with the demand of 21st century labour markets, agriculture remains the only sector capable of absorbing the burgeoning demographic. The youth population in Africa represents a dynamic and transformative force for the continent's socioeconomic landscape. With over 60% of the population under the age of 25, this group can significantly drive inclusive development, particularly through agriculture. Agriculture, as a primary sector, not only supports livelihoods but also fosters innovation, job creation, and food security. Agriculture, no doubt has always provided the necessary impetus required to drive the engine of industrialisation in Africa despite the many challenges facing the sector. It is against this backdrop that this paper explores the intersection of youth engagement in agriculture and inclusive development in Africa. It highlights how empowering young people with access to education, resources, and critical technology can lead to sustainable agricultural practices and enhanced productivity. By highlighting some important initiatives, the paper illustrate how youth-led initiatives in agriculture can address critical challenges such as unemployment, rural-urban migration, and food insecurity. Key words: Africa, Agriculture, Human resource, Inclusive development, Youth population
The global food security conundrum through the lens of the right to food
Authors:   Nairobi, Kenya, Gituku Muringo
Published: October 2024

Working through the complexities of food insecurity with the intention to address issues requires taking a step back to the drawing board to firm up the understanding of food security through the principles that inform the governance framework of the right to food in the context of the current global food security crisis. Considering the multi-dimensional nature of food security in relation to the right to food alongside concepts such as food sovereignty, and issues such as climate change, food loss and food waste, economic and political turmoil is paramount in determining exactly why all people at all times do not have access to adequate food, or the means for its procurement. This commentary delves into the intricacies of the concept of food security, and the hindrances to realising food security for all by considering what food security is, and where, therefore, the challenges in effecting the right to food are. Through careful consideration of the components of the food security equation, this commentary seeks to show how the right to food comes down to more than ensuring that food is physically available. By connecting the right to food to the factors that affect food security and exploring the ways in which those factors can be broken down and addressed separately, this commentary ultimately advocates for the realisation of food security through collaboration. The consideration of the singular concepts that form the food security equation in solving the multi-dimensional food security problem through conjoined and synchronised efforts influenced by obligations of states and international organisations with mandates directly connected to, and influencing the different aspects of the food security equation. Using reports, statistics, theories and academic opinions, this commentary seeks to explore the different components, which form the concept of food security to draw conclusions and analyse existing systems in an attempt to determine what approaches could be considered in addressing the growing food security crisis and the concerns attached to it. Key words: Food security, right to food, climate change, crisis, malnutrition, food loss, food waste
Balancing the right to food and environmental sustainability: A call for holistic transformation
Authors:   Africa Centre for Sustainable and Inclusive Development, Owuonda Salome , Olembo Sarah ,   African Women Leaders in Agroecology
Published: October 2024

This paper conducts an in-depth examination of the intricate nexus between the right to food and ecosystem conservation, recognizing the fundamental importance of addressing these interlinked issues for sustainable global development. Anchored in international and national legal frameworks, the right to food is explored not only as a moral imperative but as a binding human rights obligation. The analysis spans a broad spectrum, encompassing the impact of human activities such as population growth, climate change, and intensive agricultural practices on natural resources, biodiversity, and environmental sustainability. The literature review highlights the far-reaching repercussions of food access constraints on marginalized populations, emphasizing the profound relationship between food and the environment. The study underscores the critical role of biodiversity, soil health, and climate change in shaping food security challenges, with a particular focus on the consequences of industrial agriculture. The examination of agroecology emerges as a central theme, offering a holistic approach that integrates ecological, health, social, and economic considerations into agricultural and food systems. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of published studies in the specified domains, providing a robust foundation for unraveling the complex dynamics and interdependencies between the right to food, ecosystem conservation, and the broader context of climate change and human activities. The paper puts forth a series of recommendations, emphasizing the need for policies that integrate human rights into agricultural actions, enhanced inclusivity for smallholder farmers, widespread adoption of agroecology, and educational campaigns to raise awareness. Agroecology is positioned as a key solution, not only for its contributions to climate resilience but also for its positive impact on soil health, biodiversity conservation, and long-term environmental sustainability. The paper advocates for a paradigm shift in global agricultural strategies, emphasizing integrated, sustainable approaches that prioritize inclusivity, environmental stewardship, and the well-being of present and future generations. The recommendations serve as a blueprint for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to collaboratively work towards a future where food security coexists harmoniously with ecosystem conservation, ensuring a sustainable and equitable world for all. Key words: Right, Food, Ecosystem, Conservation, Sustainable, Climate, Biodiversity, Agroecology, Agriculture, Policy
„Mam na Pana nowy zamach…”. Wybór korespondencji Jerzego Giedroycia z historykami i świadkami historii 1946–2000
Authors: Giedroyc Jerzy , Nowinowski Sławomir M. , Stobiecki Rafał , Brzezińska Anna , Przybysz-Gralewska Milena
Published: October 2024

Jerzy Giedroyc miał dwie pasje – politykę i historię. Przez ponad pół wieku konsekwentnie realizował własną politykę historyczną. Jego działalność w tym zakresie zmierzała do gruntownej rewizji historycznego imaginarium Polaków. W najogólniejszym sensie, dążenie to wyrastało z doświadczeń II Rzeczypospolitej i bolesnej lekcji II wojny światowej. Społeczną funkcję wiedzy o przeszłości Jerzy Giedroyc rozumiał jako krytyczny, wielogłosowy i wolny od wszelkich tematów tabu namysł nad przeszłością Polski, jej relacjami z sąsiadami oraz miejscem w Europie. Chciał, aby była to refleksja wolna od wszelkich „fanatyzmów narodowych, klasowych, rasowych, religijnych, obyczajowych”.
Prezentowana Czytelnikowi trzytomowa edycja korespondencji Jerzego Giedroycia z badaczami przeszłości i jej bohaterami została przygotowana w ramach projektu Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki „Jerzy Giedroyc, historycy i świadkowie historii”. Składające się na nią listy z zasobu Archiwum Instytutu Literackiego w Paryżu nie były dotychczas publikowane. Zawierają nie tylko mniej lub bardziej poufne glosy do historiograficznych debat toczonych na łamach „Kultury” i „Zeszytów Historycznych”, zaprezentowanych przez edytorów w tomie W poszukiwaniu innej historii. Antologia tekstów opublikowanych na łamach periodyków Instytutu Literackiego w Paryżu (WUŁ, 2015). Odnaleźć w nich można również wiele nieznanych, a nawet sensacyjnych informacji o działalności krajowych i emigracyjnych placówek naukowych, warunkach życia i specyfice pracy dziejopisarzy oraz świadków historii, wreszcie o kulisach wydarzeń politycznych, społecznych i kulturalnych, których jedni i drudzy byli uczestnikami.
Praca zrealizowana w ramach grantu Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki, Nr 0033/NPRH3/H11/82/2014
Essai d'anatomie quantitative de quelques bois à l'analyseur de texture
Authors: Mariaux A. , Guéneau Paul , Serra J.
Published: October 2024

Les nouveaux analyseurs d'images qui décomposent une image télévisée en points ont des performances sans commune mesure avec celles des anciennes techniques de mesure. Un essai d'application au bois a été réalisé et cet article explique les principes de l'analyseur, les méthodes mathématiques utilisées pour interpréter les structures (éléments structurants, variogrammes) et les mesures des éléments du bois qui ont été effectuées.Un résultat intéressant a été obtenu, grâce à la quantité de mesures effectuées, concernant la forme elliptique des vaisseaux du hêtre qui sont caractéristiques de l'arbre individuel. Des commentaires sont également faits sur les difficultés qui restent à surmonter.
Les inventaires des forêts tropicales humides pour les décisions en matière d'investissement industriel
Authors: Lanly Jean-Paul
Published: October 2024

Ce document a été préparé pour la quatrième session du Comité de la FAO sur le développement forestier dans les tropiques (Rome, novembre 1976). Après un examen des principes et des faits importants qui devraient prévaloir lors de la planification et de l'exécution des inventaires dans les forêts tropicales humides, le document se concentre sur le type d'informations sur les ressources forestières nécessaires aux décisions d'investissement dans le secteur forestier. Une mention spéciale est faite des données essentielles qui manquent souvent dans les rapports d'inventaire forestier, telles que celles relatives à l'accessibilité et aux volumes susceptibles d'être extraits dans des conditions données de gestion forestière, d'exploitation et de commercialisation. Le document tente ensuite de déterminer les possibilités d'obtenir ces informations. Un rapide tour d'horizon des sciences et techniques actuellement à la disposition des forestiers montre que ces possibilités existent en général, bien que des efforts de recherche appliquée soient encore nécessaires, notamment pour l'évaluation de l'accessibilité et pour la détermination de la croissance dans les forêts tropicales humides.
Investigando o Mundo das Plantas uma exposição interativa do programa de extensão "Diversidade Vegetal em Foco"
Authors: Calió Maria Fernanda , Groenendijk Peter , Guerreiro Sandra Maria Carmello , Koch Ingrid , Koehler Samantha
Published: October 2024

A promoção de ações sobre componentes do patrimônio natural da Terra, tais como as plantas, é urgente para conscientização pública sobre o declínio da biodiversidade e melhora do reconhecimento da importância das plantas em nossas vidas. Nesse contexto, desenvolvemos o programa de extensão “Diversidade Vegetal em Foco”, para promover ações voltadas para a comunidade não acadêmica sobre a importância do desenvolvimento de pesquisa científica e da conservação da biodiversidade, abordando plantas como temática principal. Relatamos nossa experiência de criação da exposição “Investigando o Mundo das Plantas” e de sua condução durante o evento "Unicamp de Portas Abertas", em 2022. Tal evento objetiva apresentar os cursos da Unicamp para estudantes do ensino básico. A equipe criadora da exposição teve cinco professores, um técnico de laboratório, 15 estudantes de graduação e 11 de pós-graduação. Abordamos os temas: o que é herbário e o processo de coleta e armazenamento de plantas para estudos científicos; diversidade de tipos de frutos; relação entre o Cerrado e o ciclo da água; como o tronco de árvores pode nos fornecer informações sobre o clima; e relação de dependência das orquídeas por fungos que vivem em suas raízes para sua sobrevivência. Contabilizamos 505 visitantes na exposição, ao longo de oito horas. A exposição despertou a atenção dos visitantes, estimulando o interesse pelos assuntos abordados e espaços para diálogo. O evento consistiu em uma oportunidade para envolvimento de estudantes e contribuiu para melhoria de nossas habilidades extensionistas. Com base na boa recepção das atividades pelos visitantes, planejaremos nossas futuras ações.
THE ROLE OF PATIENT SAFETY EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN IMPROVING PATIENT SAFETY
Authors: Naomi Ruth , Bahari Hasnah
Published: October 2024

Background Patient safety education and trainings are an important element to promote patient safety culture. The demands on this training for the safety of healthcare staffs and patients are crucial due to the occurrence of preventable medical errors. These review aims to study the types of patient safety education and training that are delivered for the different target audiences as well as identifying the results of the training.
Methods This study presents narrative review on literature on patient safety education and training. Peer-reviewed journals and previously published papers were searched using keywords including "patient safety training," "improvement," "outcome," "health care," and "health services". Inclusion criteria for the article include the article written in English and published between 2013 and 2018. We used several journal databases including the Journal of Patient Safety, BMJ, PubMed, BMJ Quality & Safety and Google Scholar. 
Results Reviews were done based on previously published papers. The findings revealed that the patient safety education and training are mostly conducted to nursing and medical students as well as trainee and residents. Besides, it was also conducted for anesthesiologists and patients. Typically, mannequin-based demonstrations and trainings are provided for medical students and educators through the workshop for physicians and nurses. In addition, most of the important role in ensuring patient safety is mainly done by nurses followed by the anesthesiologist.
Conclusion In regards to patient safety, each department has a specific role in ensuring patient safety culture in a clinical unit. Patient safety education and training must be provided for all levels because they may greatly influence the outcome especially on the attitudes and behavioural changes.
Numerical Solution of a Left-Invariant Sub-Riemannian Problem on the Group $\mathrm{SO}(3)$
Authors:   A. K. Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of RAS, Stepanov D. N. ,   A. K. Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of RAS, Podobryaev A. V.
Published: October 2024

We consider a left-invariant sub-Riemannian problem on the Lie group of rotations of a three-dimensional space. We find the cut locus numerically, in fact we construct the optimal synthesis numerically, i. e., the shortest arcs. The software package nutopy designed for the numerical solution of optimal control problems is used. With the help of this package we investigate sub-Riemannian geodesics, conjugate points, Maxwell points and diffeomorphic domains of the exponential map. We describe some operating features of this software package.
THE PHENOMENON OF FAJR ATTACKS IN THE ELECTIONS
Authors: Safitri Fazida
Published: October 2024

This research focuses on the phenomenon of fajr raids in elections analyzed using Hasbi Ash-Shidieqy’s interpretation of Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 188. As a country with a democratic political system, Indonesia holds a democratic party called elections every 5 years to elect representatives of the people. The People’s democratic party, which is expected to give birth to honest leaders who are free from corruption, collusion, and nepotism, instead brings new corrupt seeds. This is based on the election system that has been corrupted by money politics. All means are used by prospective leaders to smooth their way to winning the election. Candidates distribute money to the public to buy people’s votes covered with the word alms. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the phenomenon of fajr raids that often occur before elections with Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 188. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative by using literature review. The results of this study indicate that the narrative of the Qur’anic text in Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 188 indicates the prohibition of taking and controlling other people’s property in a way that is not justified by shara, including the practice of fajr attacks in elections because it is classified as rashwah. The gift is not based on sincerity because they expect the public to vote for the one who gave the fajr attack.
Artificial Intelligence Assistive Non-Destructive Testing of Welding Joints: A Review
Authors: Say Dalila , Mian Qaisar Saeed , Krichen Moez , Zidi Salah
Published: October 2024

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is an appealing technique for confirming the welding quality and ensuring structural integrity without causing damage. It assists in regulatory compliance, risk mitigation, and process optimization for improved industrial reliability. This study reviews potential NDT approaches. Through a rigorous analysis of existing surveys, we aim to decipher the current landscape and highlight the significant advancements in the field. Because of the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) assistive X-ray imaging-based NDT, we particularly examine the integration of AI algorithms and X-ray imaging in the NDT of welds. This convergence represents a paradigm shift, redefining traditional methods and ushering in a new era of precision, automation, and efficiency. As we navigate through potential X-ray imaging datasets, delve into crucial image processing techniques, examine feature extraction methods, and explore AI algorithms, our survey reveals the intricate interplay of technologies that drive automated weld defect categorization. The review broadens its focus by including various practical applications, highlighting the adaptable utility of AI-assistive X-ray imaging for weld defect detection in potential industrial applications. Moreover, the promising opportunities and nuanced challenges associated with integrating X-ray imaging and AI in weld integrity assessment are highlighted. It provides a comprehensive perspective on this rapidly evolving field.
“DROGOES” - Beyond Conventional: Exploring the Potential of Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Target-Based Drug Delivery
Authors: S S Gayathri , Mohan Aswin , Naisam Shahanas , Selvin Sidharth , Sreekumar Nidhin
Published: October 2024

The study explores the potential of Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) for targeted drug delivery, particularly in anticancer applications. Despite certain drawbacks, such as short duration of action and poor stability in vivo, CPPs show promise when optimized through chemical modification or clever design. Advancements in targeted drug delivery using CPPs, especially for transporting anticancer drugs and imaging reagents, highlight their evolving efficacy. Four different CPP chains (7 alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha, and 12 beta) and four in-house anticancer lead molecules were considered for the study. The CPPs were modeled and validated for in silico interaction analysis. Targeting proteins crucial in cell growth and signaling pathways, such as ADRM1, PSMD4, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, P53, and EGFR, presents a significant therapeutic opportunity. The in silico molecular interaction analysis involving CPP-conjugated lead molecules and these targets indicates favorable binding affinities, particularly with beta-confirmation 12 and 7 peptide chains. Notably, CPP conjugation enhances interactions without compromising ligand potentiality. This delicate balance emphasizes the role of CPPs in augmenting protein-ligand interactions, suggesting their potential benefits in targeted drug delivery, pending further optimization and experimental validation.
Modeling Clustered DNA Damage By Ionizing Radiation Using Multinomial Damage Probabilities And Energy Imparted Spectra
Authors: Cucinotta Francis
Published: October 2024

Simple and complex clustered DNA damage represent critical initial damage caused by radiation. In this paper a multinomial probability model of clustered damage is developed with probabilities dependent on the energy imparted to DNA and surrounding water molecules. The model consists of four probabilities: A) direct damage of sugar-phosphate moieties leading to SSB, B) OH- radical formation with subsequent SSB and BD formation, C) direct damage to DNA bases, and D) energy imparted to histone proteins and other molecules in a volume not leading to SSB or BD. These probabilities are augmented by introducing probabilities for relative location of SSB using a <10 bp criteria for double strand break (DSB), and for the possible success of radical attack to lead to SSB or BD. Model predictions for electrons, 4He and 12C ions are compared to experimental data and show good agreement. Thus, the developed model allows an accurate and rapid computational method to predict simple and complex clustered DNA damage as a function of radiation quality and to explore the resulting challenges to DNA repair.
A Comprehensive Review on Biomedical Sensors: Technological Advancements, Applications in Molecular Informatics, and Future Trends
Authors: Raza Ali , Zulfiqar Hasan , Gong Zheng , Chen Yanzheng , Chen Yifan
Published: October 2024

Biomedical sensors have revolutionized healthcare by offering advanced tools for real-time disease diagnosis, continuous monitoring, and effective treatment. These sensors encompass various technologies, including biosensors, nanotechnology-based sensors, flexible and wearable devices, and more, all of which have played a pivotal role in modernizing medical practices. This review delves into the evolution, types, and technological advancements, along with their broad applications in healthcare, such as in molecular informatics, genomics, proteomics, and personalized medicine. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape, highlighting the latest technological innovations, diverse applications, and potential future trends. The review seeks to demonstrate the critical role these sensors play in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and overall patient care. This review methodically examines various biomedical sensor technologies, focusing on advancements such as microfabrication techniques, nanotechnology, and the development of biocompatible materials. The analysis also covers the miniaturization of sensors, their portability, and the integration of these devices with the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) to improve healthcare outcomes. These sensors are widely used in wearable and implantable devices for continuous monitoring of vital signs, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions. Notable applications include diabetes management, cardiovascular monitoring, and cancer detection. Emerging trends are set to further enhance the capabilities and applications of these sensors. Despite challenges such as biocompatibility, data privacy, and regulatory hurdles, ongoing research and innovation will likely overcome these barriers, ensuring that biomedical sensors, improve patient outcomes, and facilitate more personalized medical interventions.
Professional Behavior Assessment During Residency Training
Authors: Van Heest Ann , Frick Steven , Harrast John , Martin David , Saniei Mona , Taitsman Lisa , Armstrong April
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior (KSB) project sets up a framework for competency-based medical education for orthopaedic surgery residency training. The Behavior aspect of KSB includes use of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Behavior Tool (ABOSBT) to assess 5 domains of professional behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of 2 years of ABOSBT assessments and to characterize the low score ratings.

Methods:

All ABOSBT assessments from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023, were reviewed totaling 51,678 completed assessments with 48,648 (94%) assessments from a 360° process and 3,030 (6%) as end-of-rotation assessments.

Results:

Distribution of 51,678 ABOSBT assessments with 258,390 scores demonstrated low scores (disagree or strongly disagree) in 0.9% of assessments. All 5 domains identified low scores in a small percentage at all years-in-training with the greatest number in second- and third-year residents. Comparison of scores from 360° vs. end-of-rotation requests demonstrated a higher percentage of low scores given during the 360° process (p < 0.0001). Three thousand seven hundred seven unique evaluators completed ABOSBT assessments, with attending physicians as the most frequent evaluator type (44%); inpatient nurses assessed residents with low ABOSBT scores more frequently (4.5%) than any other evaluator type. Residents with 2 or more low scores by 2 or more different evaluators were analyzed for each of the 5 domains; low scores were most frequently observed in the reliability domain.

Discussion:

The ABOSBT was originally validated 5 years ago in 18 programs with 9,892 assessments; this article updates results using the ABOSBT across 95 programs assessing 2,397 residents with 3,707 evaluators. The ABOSBT demonstrates that most residents demonstrate professional behavior across 5 domains of assessment; the ABOSBT identifies residents with low scores. A strength of KSB is the ability to identify professionalism deficiencies while residents are in training and can focus on individualized educational improvement. Tracking residents with low scores on the ABOSBT assessment over time will help determine its effectiveness in identifying unprofessional behavior.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Intramedullary Lengthening Nails vs. Alternative Techniques for Femoral Limb Lengthening
Authors: Azimi Amirali , Herzenberg John E. , Roshdi Dizaji Shayan , McClure Philip K. , Tabatabaei Fatemeh-sadat , Azimi Amir Farbod
Published: October 2024

Background:

Limb lengthening procedures are performed for various indications, including limb length discrepancies (LLDs) and short stature. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of the newer motorized intramedullary lengthening nails (MILNs) with the traditional alternative techniques (ATs) for femoral limb lengthening.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, inclusive of all dates through July 1, 2023, and without language restrictions. Factors mediating outcomes included problems, obstacles, complications, total adverse events, healing/consolidation index, time to full weight-bearing, lengthening accuracy, percentage of lengthening goal achieved, and duration of hospital stay. Effect sizes were quantified using STATA 17.0. Statistical algorithms employed were random effects model standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous outcomes and log risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes, both with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

Our meta-analysis included 10 studies comparing MILN with AT: 180 femurs in the MILN group and 160 femurs in the AT group. This was exclusively comprised of retrospective cohort studies. When compared with AT, limb lengthening procedures utilizing MILNs had significantly lower problems (log RR, −1.35; 95% CI, −1.93 to −0.77; p < 0.001), complications (log RR, −0.56; 95% CI, −0.90 to −0.22; p = 0.001), and total adverse events (log RR, −0.69; 95% CI, −1.17 to −0.21; p = 0.005), as well as a superior bone healing index (SMD, −0.80; 95% CI, −1.32 to −0.28; p = 0.003). However, no significant differences were found in obstacles, percentage of lengthening goal achieved, lengthening accuracy, time to full weight-bearing, and duration of hospital stay.

Conclusion:

Limb lengthening with MILNs vs. AT may offer more favorable patient outcomes, lowering risk for problems, complications, and total adverse events, while optimizing the bone healing/consolidation index. However, the limitation of nonrandomized retrospective studies and high heterogeneity should be acknowledged.

Level of Evidence:

Level II (meta-analysis of cohort studies). See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Environmental and Health Impacts Resulting From Burning Solid Waste Near Residential Areas in Diyala Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Jbara Abdulwahab Abdulrazaq
Published: October 2024

General Background: Rapid development, population growth, and improper disposal of municipal solid waste are prevalent issues in developing countries, leading to significant environmental and health challenges. Specific Background: In Iraq’s Diyala Governorate, the absence of integrated waste management exacerbates pollution through waste burning and heavy metal contamination, posing risks to nearby residential areas. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have addressed waste management in developing countries, there is limited research on how local waste disposal practices impact air, soil, and water quality in specific areas of Diyala. Aims: This study evaluates the air quality and levels of heavy metals in soil and water near five landfill sites in Diyala Governorate: Kanaan, Al-Khalis, Baladruz, Khanaqin, and Hamrin, aiming to assess the pollution levels and the potential health risks to nearby communities. Results: The findings reveal significant differences across the sites, with the highest pollutant concentrations in Kanaan for air (40±445.8), soil (22.18±35.64), and water (3.037±3.146), while Hamrin recorded the lowest concentrations. All sites demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of waste disposal practices in Diyala, linking pollutant concentrations with specific landfill sites. Implications: The results underscore the need for improved waste management strategies, including monitoring, waste sorting, and recycling initiatives, to mitigate the negative effects on public health and the environment, particularly in areas near waste dumps.
Highlights:
 

Pollution levels vary significantly across Diyala's landfill sites.
Kanaan site has the highest air, soil, and water contamination.
Better waste management is needed to reduce environmental and health risks.

 
Keywords: Municipal waste, environmental pollution, heavy metals, Diyala Governorate, landfill impact
Protection Effect of Soy Isoflavones (Genistein and Daidzein) on Hematologic Parameters in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Mohammed Hawraa , Abdullah Asia S. , AL‑Mozie'l Muhsin S.G.
Published: October 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe, high-morbidity condition with limited effective preventative and therapeutic strategies despite advancements in understanding and treatment. Specific Background: Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) presents significant challenges in renal research, but soy isoflavones, particularly GN and DZ, have shown potential in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Knowledge Gap: Soy isoflavones, while potentially providing renal protection, their impact on renal and hematologic parameters in glycerol-induced AKI models has not been thoroughly studied. Aims: The study evaluated the effectiveness of soy isoflavones in regulating renal and hematologic parameters in a glycerol-induced AKI rat model, assessing their potential as therapeutic agents. Results: The study involving adult female Wistar rats showed that pretreatment with glycerol or dihydroxystilbene significantly reduced urinary β2-microglobulin, albumin, BUN, and serum creatinine levels in the AKI-induced group, reversing hematological changes. Novelty: The study explores the protective effects of soy isoflavones on renal function and hematologic parameters in AKI, highlighting GN's superior efficacy over DZ. Implications: Soy isoflavones, particularly GN, may be potential preventive or therapeutic strategies for AKI caused by rhabdomyolysis, warranting further research for clinical applications.
Highlights:
 

GN and DZ reduce kidney damage in glycerol-induced AKI.
GN is more effective than DZ in kidney and blood parameters.
Soy isoflavones could treat or prevent AKI.

 
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, soy isoflavones, glycerol-induced AKI, renal protection, hematologic parameters
Magnetic Nanocomposites Revolutionize Heavy Metal Adsorption for Environmental Cleanup
Authors: Waly Zaynah Salih , Merdas Samia Mezhr
Published: October 2024

General background: Magnetic nanocomposites have garnered significant attention due to their multifunctional properties, particularly in environmental remediation, where they can be used for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Specific background: Polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(p-hydroxyaniline) (P(p-OH An)) are conductive polymers known for their adsorption capabilities, while Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit magnetic properties, facilitating separation and recovery. Knowledge gap: Despite the potential of Fe3O4-based composites, few studies have systematically explored the synergistic adsorption properties of PPy and P(p-OH An) in Fe3O4-based nanocomposites under varying environmental conditions. Aims: This study aimed to synthesize and characterize Fe3O4/PPy/P(p-OH An) magnetic nanocomposites and evaluate their adsorption performance under different temperatures and isotherm models. Results: The nanocomposite was synthesized through chemical oxidation polymerization and characterized using FTIR, TEM, AFM, and TGA, confirming its successful formation and nanoscale structure. Adsorption studies indicated an exothermic process, with a decrease in adsorption capacity at higher temperatures. The adsorption data fit the Freundlich isotherm better than the Langmuir model, suggesting heterogeneous surface adsorption. Novelty: This study demonstrates a novel Fe3O4/PPy/P(p-OH An) nanocomposite with superior adsorption properties, showing its potential in heavy metal ion removal and offering an improved understanding of temperature effects on adsorption performance. Implications: The findings underscore the composite's promise for environmental remediation applications, particularly in water treatment, and suggest further optimization of the adsorption conditions and evaluation of the composite's reusability for industrial-scale applications.
Highlights:
 

Enhanced Adsorption: Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposites offer combined magnetic and polymer adsorption properties.
Temperature Sensitivity: Adsorption decreases as temperature rises, indicating exothermic behavior.
Surface Interaction: Freundlich isotherm shows adsorption occurs on heterogeneous surfaces.

 
Keywords: Magnetic nanocomposite, Fe3O4, Polypyrrole, Adsorption, Environmental remediation.
Development of Tetracycline by AgO Nanoparticles and Studying its Activity on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Majeed Wafaa , Ahmed Hiba Shihab , Hamed Zaineb Abd_Alkhalq
Published: October 2024

General background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a critical global health issue, necessitating the development of new strategies to enhance antibiotic efficacy. Specific background: Nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have emerged as potential enhancers of antibiotics due to their unique properties and interactions with bacterial cells. Knowledge gap: However, the combination of nanoparticles with existing antibiotics, such as tetracycline, and their impact on bacterial inhibition and safety has not been fully explored. Aims: This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO NPs) combined with tetracycline (TCS) and evaluate their effectiveness against resistant bacterial strains. Results: AgO NPs were synthesized using a photodeposition method, yielding nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.24 nm. The AgO NPs + TCS combination demonstrated superior antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16 μg/mL against Staphylococci and 32 μg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, significantly outperforming standard tetracycline. Hemolysis assays confirmed the safety of the synthesized compound at all concentrations. Novelty: Silver oxide nanoparticles and tetracycline exhibit a unique synergistic interaction, enhancing antimicrobial effects by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, facilitating greater antibiotic infiltration. Implications: These findings suggest that AgO NPs combined with tetracycline offer a promising solution to overcome bacterial resistance, providing a potent and safe alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments.
Highlights:
 

AgO NPs and tetracycline show enhanced antibacterial effects.
More effective than standard tetracycline against resistant bacteria.
Safe with no toxicity observed in hemolysis tests.

 
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, silver nanoparticles, tetracycline, photodeposition, antibacterial activity