bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Octopamine receptor genes are involved in the starvation response ofRhopalosiphum padi(Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Wang Suji , Tang Hongcheng , Huang Wenjie , Liu Xi , Hou Wenhua , Cesar Piñero Jaime , Peng Xiong , Chen Maohua
Published: March 2022

Insect octopamine (OA) receptors are G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that play essential roles in physiological and behavioural processes. However, there is little information about the function of OA receptors in the aphids' response to stress. From the genome sequence ofRhopalosiphum padigenome sequence, a cosmopolitan cereal pest, we identified six OA receptor genesRpOAMB,RpOctR,RpOctβ1R,RpOctβ2R,RpOctβ3R,RpOctR‐likewith two, one, one, four, four, seven exons, respectively. All the OA receptors contain seven transmembrane domains, which were the signature of GPCRs. Our results showed that (1) the contents of OA increased significantly after food starvation, (2) the transcription levels ofRpOAMB,RpOctR,RpOctβ2RandRpOctβ3Rincreased after starvation and were restored after re‐feeding, and (3) the expression levels of these four genes decreased significantly 48 h post‐injection of dsRNA that targeted the respective genes. Knockdown ofRpOctR,RpOctβ2RorRpOctβ3Rgenes significantly increased aphid mortality under 24 h starvation conditions. Mortality ofR. padiinjected with dsRpOctRor dsRpOctβ2Rwas significantly higher than control under 48 h starvation treatments. This is the first report on the role of OA receptors in the starvation response of aphids. The current study provides knowledge for a better understanding the physiological roles of insect OA receptors.
Burnout in rehabilitation medicine trainees: a call for more research
Authors: Ponsford Michael W. , Bilszta Justin L. , Olver John
Published: March 2022

Burnout is recognised as a significant occupational hazard for medical professionals. For graduate trainees, across various medical specialties, there is growing evidence burnout results in personal harm and reduces the quality of patient care. Rehabilitation medicine, with its challenge of emotional exhaustion bought about by greater involvement in patient psychosocial well‐being over a prolonged period, is significantly under‐represented in research into burnout prevalence, impact and prevention strategies. We argue the lack of any evidence base in the Australian healthcare context negatively impacts the ability of training organisations to appropriately support trainees experiencing burnout.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention instrument: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Huang Xuemiao , Zan Tao , Tang Jing , Zhang Dan , Zu Wanting , Wang Taiwei , Wang Lisheng , Nie Wenbo
Published: March 2022

To carry out the translation and cultural adaptation of the attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention instrument for use in Chinese and to analyse the validity and reliability of the adapted version of the questionnaire. In this quantitative, descriptive, cross‐sectional study, after translation of the questionnaire from English to Chinese, back‐translation, and assessment of equivalence between the original and back‐translated version by an expert panel, the Chinese version instrument was assessed by a convenience sample of registered nurses in several hospitals in cities of China. The internal consistency and content validity of the instrument was tested, and a confirmatory factor analysis was also performed. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the goodness of fit of the five‐factor model after the scale localization was not ideal. Therefore, confirmatory factor analysis is performed to obtain the three‐factor solution of comparative fit index, goodness‐of‐fit index, and adjusted goodness‐of‐fit index reaching the acceptable standard. The instrument score of nurses with wound care certification was significantly higher than that of nurses without wound care special certification. The adapted version of the instrument for Chinese nurses can be used as a tool to measure attitudes towards pressure injury prevention.
Profiles of second victim symptoms and desired support strategies among Korean nurses: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Pyo Jeehee , Ock Minsu , Lee Haeyoung
Published: March 2022

Aims

To clarify second victim symptoms subgroups, explore the factors affecting profile membership and determine how desired support strategies differ between the subgroups.

Design

A cross‐sectional study using an online survey.

Methods

A total of 378 Korean staff nurses directly involved in patient safety incidents were recruited between December 2019 and February 2020. Data analyses consisted of latent profile analysis, multinomial logistic regression and analysis of variance.

Results

Three latent profiles were identified: 'mild symptoms', 'moderate symptoms' and 'severe symptoms'. Lower organizational support and higher non‐work‐related support were more likely to belong to the severe symptoms' profile. Incidents that caused temporary harm to the patient were more strongly associated with an increased likelihood of belonging to the moderate and severe symptoms profiles than no‐harm events. Participants with severe symptoms agreed more with the usefulness of the support strategies than other participants; the usefulness of the psychological support strategies was rated particularly high. Participants in the mild and moderate symptoms groups agreed more strongly with the usefulness of coping strategies following patient safety incidents than psychological support. The strategy that all profiles considered the most useful was having the opportunity to take time away from clinical duties.

Conclusion

Tailored support should be provided to nurses with factors influencing the profile membership and subgroups of second victim symptoms.

Impact

This study confirmed the need to provide organizational support to nurses as second victims and provided valuable evidence for developing support programs tailored to the subgroups of second victim symptoms.
Validation of the A&D UA‐651 Plus/UA‐651SL Plus automated sphygmomanometer according to the ISO 81060–2, 2018 and ISO 81060–2 Amendment 1, 2020, which resulted in the currently pending Amendment to Amendment 1
Authors: Alpert Bruce S.
Published: March 2022

In 2020 the ANSI/AAMI/ISO published Amendment 1 to the 81060–2 Standard. The purpose was to try to address issues relating to the distribution of subjects with respect to limb size ranges. It also required a new plot showing the limb circumferences on the x‐axis and the device minus reference errors on the y‐axis (Alpert plot). The study reported here showed inadequacies of the Amendment if significantly overlapping cuffs were to be tested. The innovative approach led to the testing of 135 subjects. Requirements for blood pressure (BP), arm circumference, and gender were fulfilled. The standard same arm sequential protocol was used. Criterion 1 calculations gave a mean ± standard deviation (SD) device minus manual BP values of 0.22 ± 7.90 mmHg for systolic BP and ‐0.68 ± 7.36 mmHg for diastolic BP. The maximum allowed mean value for either measurement is 5.0 mmHg. The SD values for Criterion 2 were 6.03 mmHg for systolic BP (maximum allowed 6.95) and 6.47 mmHg for diastolic BP (maximum allowed 6.90). All results passed the Standard requirements. This study demonstrated inadequacies of Amendment 1 and led to the development of an Amendment 2, still in the process of finalization. The new Amendment corrects the issues with significantly overlapping cuffs and “wide‐range” cuffs. The A&D UA‐651 Plus/UA‐651SL Plus BP monitors and the five cuffs not only passed the requirements of 81060–2:2018 and Amendment 1 but also a revised and more rigorous protocol with more subjects involved. These devices and cuffs can be used with confidence.
Blake's debt: Artisanship and the future of labor
Authors: James John Patrick
Published: March 2022

Taking as prerequisite Peter Frase's argument that the labor markets and living conditions of the twenty‐first century will be primarily determined by the dual “specters of ecological catastrophe and automation,” this article investigates William Blake's poetic response to the problems of religious and financial debt within the context of his own environmentally compromised era. It briefly historicizes the financial components of Blake's printmaking before turning to an examination of his illuminated books, which imagine a form of debt relief grounded in a millenarian theory of political intervention. While Blake's investment in artisanal labor reveals an aversion to technological reproducibility, his cyclical notion of an artificially constructed ecological future models a technologically hybrid ontology useful for addressing Frase's nexus of environmental destruction and mechanized production.
The Karla impact structure (Russia) explored by potential‐field investigations
Authors: Quesnel Yoann , Bezaeva Natalia S. , Kuzina Dilyara M. , Rochette Pierre , Gattacceca Jérôme , Uehara Minoru , Badyukov Dmitry D. , Nasyrtdinov Bulat M. , Chareev Dmitry A. , Champollion Cedric
Published: March 2022

With no significant topographic expression and limited bedrock exposure, the ~10 km diameter Karla impact structure (Tatarstan, Russia) is poorly known. The age of the impact is also poorly constrained stratigraphically to between 4 and 60 Ma, even if an upper Miocene age is more likely. Targeted gravity and magnetic field surveys were conducted over Karla to explore its size and structure in 2019. Bouguer gravity anomaly data reveal a central positive (+2 mGal) peak ~2 km in diameter surrounded by a concentric negative (−1 mGal) anomaly extending to ~3 km radius; a more irregular, outward‐decreasing (+1 to −1 mGal) positive anomaly extends to 6–8 km radius. A complex impact structure with diameter of 8–10 km is consistent with the Bouguer anomalies. Magnetic field data show 1 to several km‐wavelength anomalies with amplitude variation from +150 to −150 nT and little concentric structure, although the impact feature broadly corresponds to a magnetic low with a weak central high. A 2‐D numerical model of the structure was built using these potential‐field data and petrophysical properties measured on collected samples. It confirms a central uplift composed of Paleozoic sediments and Archean crystalline basement up to 1 km of depth. A 500 m deep collapsed disruption cavity filled by breccia and lacustrine deposits accounts for the Bouguer negative ring. The reversely polarized and weak central magnetic anomalies are controlled by the geometry of the crystalline basement associated with the deformation during the central uplift.
A simulation study to examine the impact of recombination on phylogenomic inferences under the multispecies coalescent model
Authors: Zhu Tianqi , Flouri Tomáš , Yang Ziheng
Published: March 2022

Phylogenomic analyses under the multispecies coalescent model assume no recombination within locus and free recombination among loci. Yet, in real data sets intralocus recombination causes different sites of the same locus to have different genealogical histories so that the model is misspecified. The impact of recombination on various coalescent‐based phylogenomic analyses has not been systematically examined. Here, we conduct a computer simulation to examine the impact of recombination on several Bayesian analyses of multilocus sequence data, including species tree estimation, species delimitation (by Bayesian selection of delimitation models) and estimation of evolutionary parameters such as species divergence and introgression times, population sizes for modern and extinct species, and cross‐species introgression probabilities. We found that recombination, at rates comparable to estimates from the human being, has little impact on coalescent‐based species tree estimation, species delimitation and estimation of population parameters. At rates 10 times higher than the human rate, recombination may affect parameter estimation, causing positive biases in introgression times and ancestral population sizes, although species divergence times and cross‐species introgression probabilities are estimated with little bias. Overall, the simulation suggests that phylogenomic inferences under the multispecies coalescent model are robust to realistic amounts of intralocus recombination.
Phylogenetic conservatism of mycoparasitism and its contribution to pathogen antagonism
Authors: Barge Edward G. , Leopold Devin R. , Rojas Alejandro , Vilgalys Rytas , Busby Posy E.
Published: March 2022

Closely related species are expected to have similar functional traits due to shared ancestry and phylogenetic inertia. However, few tests of this hypothesis are available for plant‐associated fungal symbionts. Fungal leaf endophytes occur in all land plants and can protect their host plant from disease by a variety of mechanisms, including by parasitizing pathogens (e.g., mycoparasitism). Here, we tested whether phylogenetic relatedness among species of Cladosporium, a widespread genus that includes mycoparasitic species, predicts the effect of this endophyte on the severity of leaf rust disease. First, we used congruence among different marker sequences (i.e., genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition criterion) to delimit species of Cladosporium. Next, in a controlled experiment, we quantified both mycoparasitism and disease modification for the selected Cladosporium species. We identified 17 species of Cladosporium; all the species reduced rust disease severity in our experiment. Cladosporium phylogeny was a significant predictor of mycoparasitism. However, we did not observe a phylogenetic effect on disease severity overall, indicating that other mechanism/s operating independently of shared ancestry also contributed to endophyte effects on disease severity. Indeed, a second experiment showed that Cladosporium endophyte exudates (no live organism) from divergent species groups equally reduced disease severity. Our results reveal that multiple mechanisms contribute to the protective effects of an endophyte against a plant pathogen, but not all traits underlying these mechanisms are phylogenetically conserved.
Cybersecurity in the GCC: From Economic Development to Geopolitical Controversy
Authors: Hassib Bassant , Shires James
Published: March 2022

While the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are not alone in their increasing exposure to the negative side effects of greater digital dependency, their status as technological leaders—not just in the region, but also in the world—means that they are vulnerable to a variety of cybersecurity threats. This article examines the trajectory of cybersecurity in the GCC states, exploring the main threats, the role of the GCC states in regional and international governance mechanisms, and the tensions between steps to achieve a more secure digital space on the one hand, and the privacy and human‐rights risks of widespread surveillance on the other. The article argues that cybersecurity in the GCC follows a clear trajectory: beginning with economic drivers for securing a digital economy, cybersecurity organizations and policies then become entangled in geopolitical controversies, from the sale of surveillance technologies to superpower rivalry over AI and 5G communications.
Global Standards, Cultural Islam: Syrian‐led Muslim Humanitarianism in Turkey
Authors: İpek Yasemin
Published: March 2022

This article focuses on Syrian‐led Muslim humanitarianism, and asks what types of discourses and practices emerged in the context of the Syrian Muslim diaspora's increased involvement in global refugee management as humanitarian actors. Through a case study of a major Syrian‐led humanitarian organization in Turkey founded by wealthy Syrian diasporan businessmen, the article examines how class differences, market discourses, and nationalist visions shape the contemporary politics of Muslim humanitarianism. I argue that Syrian Muslim humanitarian politics has featured complex struggles for legitimacy and recognition, which have led to new constellations of religious, neoliberal, and nationalist imaginations. Syrian Muslim humanitarians have claimed their legitimacy through negotiation of the Turkish state's neo‐Ottoman policies that render them invisible, and of Western organizations' and donors' Islamophobic biases that suspect them of supporting terrorism. Through strategies such as culturalizing Islam and enacting market discourses of professionalism and flexibility, Syrian Muslim humanitarians have claimed to embody global standards of humanitarianism, and have carved out a space in which their Syrian and Muslim identities are recognized. This article is among the first studies that highlight Syrian actors' growing influence in shaping the global field of humanitarian aid for Syrian refugees. Looking at the intersections of religion, class, and ethnicity, the article also expands our understanding of Muslim humanitarianism by emphasizing the often‐ignored themes of social class and nationalist imaginations.
Gender and precarity in platform work: Old inequalities in the new world of work
Authors: Gerber Christine
Published: March 2022

Platform work creates a work model that is both a curse and a blessing for vulnerable labour market segments. Based on research on female precarity, the article expects that remote platform work—so‐called crowdwork—could especially attract women who need to combine income and care responsibilities. This article investigates whether women experience more precarity on crowdwork platforms than men, and why their risks differ. It analyses data from a quantitative survey with crowdworkers in Germany and the United States. The results indicate higher precarity risks for women due to care work, which are also indirectly mediated via the employment status. The higher commodification of labour and weaker social infrastructure lead to generally greater precarity risks for platform workers in the United States. The high differences between women and men in Germany underline the gendered nature of labour market dualization and precarization as well as the traditional division of housework. Policy measures should address both platform work and these structural inequalities.
A novel calmodulin‐interacting Domain of Unknown Function 506 protein represses root hair elongation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ying Sheng , Scheible Wolf‐Rüdiger
Published: March 2022

Domain of Unknown Function 506 proteins are ubiquitous in plants. The phosphorus (P) stress‐inducible REPRESSOR OF EXCESSIVE ROOT HAIR GROWTH1 (AtRXR1) gene encodes the first characterized DUF506. AtRXR1 inhibits root hair elongation by interacting with RabD2c GTPase. However, functions of other P‐responsive DUF506 genes are still missing. Here, we selected two additional P‐inducible DUF506 genes for further investigation. The expression of both genes was induced by auxin. Under P‐stress, At3g07350 gene expressed ubiquitously in seedlings, whereas At1g62420 (AtRXR3) expression was strongest in roots. AtRXR3 overexpressors and knockouts had shorter and longer root hairs, respectively. A functional AtRXR3‐green fluorescent protein fusion localized to root epidermal cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative reverse‐transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction revealed that AtRXR3 was transcriptionally activated by RSL4. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and calmodulin (CaM)‐binding assays showed that AtRXR3 interacted with CaM in the presence of Ca2+. Moreover, cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) oscillations in root hairs of rxr3 mutants exhibited elevated frequencies and dampened amplitudes compared to those of wild type. Thus, AtRXR3 is another DUF506 protein that attenuates P‐limitation‐induced root hair growth through mechanisms that involve RSL4 and interaction with CaM to modulate tip‐focused [Ca2+]cyt oscillations.
The coherence objection to dream scepticism
Authors: Filcheva Krasimira
Published: March 2022

The dream sceptic argues that our ordinary beliefs are not justified because we cannot know that we have not always been dreaming. This is the Always Dreaming Hypothesis (ADH). I develop the traditional coherence objection to dream scepticism and argue that the coherence objection can be reformulated in a way that makes it both plausible and defensible. Considerations about the incoherence of dreams can be given probabilistic expression in a way that shows ADH to be highly improbable. Given the evidence of coherence, ADH can be rationally rejected. Even if ADH is augmented with causal information sufficient to account for the coherence and order of conscious experience, the resulting dream scepticism would then reduce to a BIV‐type scepticism and thus fail to possess independent sceptical force.
Immigrant labor and the institutionalization of the U.S.‐born elderly
Authors: Butcher Kristin F. , Moran Kelsey , Watson Tara
Published: March 2022

The U.S. population is aging. We examine whether immigration causally affects the likelihood that the U.S.‐born elderly live in institutional settings. Using a shift‐share instrument to identify exogenous variation in immigration, we find that a 10 percentage point increase in the less‐educated foreign‐born labor force share in a local area reduces institutionalization among the elderly by 1.5 and 3.8 percentage points for those aged 65+ and 80+, a 26%–29% effect relative to the mean. The estimates imply that a typical U.S.‐born individual over age 65 in the year 2000 was 0.5 percentage points (10%) less likely to be living in an institution than would have been the case if immigration had remained at 1980 levels. We show that immigration affects the availability and cost of home services, including those provided by home health aides, gardeners and housekeepers, and other less‐educated workers, reducing the cost of aging in the community.
Functional Structural Equation Model
Authors: Lee Kuang-Yao , Li Lexin
Published: March 2022

In this article, we introduce a functional structural equation model for estimating directional relations from multivariate functional data. We decouple the estimation into two major steps: directional order determination and selection through sparse functional regression. We first propose a score function at the linear operator level, and show that its minimization can recover the true directional order when the relation between each function and its parental functions is nonlinear. We then develop a sparse functional additive regression, where both the response and the multivariate predictors are functions and the regression relation is additive and nonlinear. We also propose strategies to speed up the computation and scale up our method. In theory, we establish the consistencies of order determination, sparse functional additive regression, and directed acyclic graph estimation, while allowing both the dimension of the Karhunen–Loéve expansion coefficients and the number of random functions to diverge with the sample size. We illustrate the efficacy of our method through simulations, and an application to brain effective connectivity analysis.
Into the unknown: Diagnosing mysterious brain lesions
Authors: Kassab Ihab , Isada Carlos , Azar Marwan M. , Sarsam Nadine , Jiang Min , Camelo‐Piragua Sandra , Kaul Daniel , Malinis Maricar
Published: March 2022

In this inaugural clinicopathological conference, the invited experts discussed the diagnostic approach to central nervous system infections in immunocompromised hosts. The case presented involved a pancreas‐kidney transplant recipient with multiple brain abscesses caused by Bartonella henselae. CSF metagenomic next‐generation sequencing played a significant role in the diagnosis. Bartonella henselae is a gram‐negative zoonotic pathogen that causes cat‐scratch disease, which can be transmitted to humans through cat bites or scratches. Symptoms can vary in severity, correlating with the patient's immune status. Visceral organ involvement, ocular involvement, and neurological manifestations have been reported in immunocompromised patients, but brain abscesses are rare.
Flexible atomic layer deposition system for coating porous materials
Authors: Lee Woo-Jae , Kwon Ohhun , Huang Renjing , Lin Chao , Gorte Raymond J. , Vohs John M.
Published: March 2022

Herein, we describe an atomic layer deposition (ALD) system that is optimized for the growth of thin films on high-surface-area, porous materials. The system incorporates a moveable dual-zone furnace allowing for rapid transfer of a powder substrate between heating zones whose temperatures are optimized for precursor adsorption and oxidative removal of the precursor ligands. The reactor can both be evacuated, eliminating the need for a carrier gas during precursor exposure, and rotated, to enhance contact between a powder support and the gas phase, both of which help us to minimize mass transfer limitations in the pores during film growth. The capabilities of the ALD system were demonstrated by growing La2O3, Fe2O3, and LaFeO3 films on a 120 m2 g−1 MgAl2O4 powder. Analysis of these films using scanning transmission electron microscopy and temperature-programmed desorption of 2-propanol confirmed the conformal nature of the oxide films.
Introducing a procedure for predicting and reducing tire/road noise using a fast-computing hybrid model
Authors: Mohammadi Somaye , Ohadi Abdolreza
Published: March 2022

Prediction and reduction of tire noise are some of the main concerns of tire designers nowadays. Due to tire noise's sophisticated nature, low-noise tire design is like a maze path improbable to achieve without a scientific understanding of the underlying causes. This paper develops a knowledge-based hybrid model, incoherent summation of sounds generated and amplified by texture impact, tread impact, air-pumping, Helmholtz resonance, pipe resonance, horn effect, and air cavity resonance. The required data have been carried out by measuring C1 radial tires' noise levels in a semi-anechoic chamber. The developed model [with about a 1.7 dB(A) error on total noise prediction] presents mechanisms' contributions to the overall sound. The model is substituted with a fast-computing statistical model employing data generated based on Taguchi design. Machine learning methods are implemented for this aim, and the support vector machine provides the most accurate model. The proposed fast-computing hybrid model, developed based on a scientific description of underlying mechanisms, is applicable for noise reduction. The model's sensitivity to 21 tire parameters is analyzed, leading to valuable tips on lower tire noise. The results show the critical role of tread pattern characteristics, especially groove angle, in tire noise.
Coupling between long ranged repulsions and short ranged attractions in a colloidal model of zero shear rate viscosity
Authors: Tang Edmund M. , Virk Sabitoj Singh , Underhill Patrick T.
Published: March 2022

In this work, we analyzed an isotropic colloidal model incorporating both short-range sticky attractions and long-range electrostatic repulsions. We computed the zero-shear viscosity and second virial coefficient for a dilute colloidal suspension (i.e., pair interactions only) as a function of the strength of attractions and repulsions. We also developed an analytical approximation that allows us to better understand the coupling of the two types of interactions. The attractions and repulsions contribute to the zero-shear viscosity and second virial coefficient in different ways, leading to cases with the same second virial coefficient but different zero-shear viscosity. The analytical approximation shows that the mechanism of the coupling of interactions is that long-range repulsions can weaken the influence of short-range attractions. This effect alters how repulsions change the zero-shear viscosity. Acting independently, both attractions and repulsions increase the viscosity coefficient of the system. However, when both types of interactions are considered together, repulsions can screen the effect of attractive interactions, thereby reducing the viscosity.
A Short-Term Low-Fiber Diet Reduces Body Mass in Healthy Young Men: Implications for Weight-Sensitive Sports
Authors: Foo Wee Lun , Harrison Jake D. , Mhizha Frank T. , Langan-Evans Carl , Morton James P. , Pugh Jamie N. , Areta Jose L.
Published: March 2022

Athletes from weight-sensitive sports are reported to consume low-fiber diets (LOW) to induce acute reductions in body mass (BM). However, evidence supporting their efficacy is anecdotal. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of a LOW on acute changes in BM. Nineteen healthy males (32 ± 10 years, 1.79 ± 0.07 m, 77.5 ± 8.1 kg) consumed their habitual diet (∼30 g fiber/day) for 7 consecutive days followed by 4 days of a LOW (<10 g fiber/day) that was matched for energy and macronutrient content. Participants also matched their daily exercise load during LOW to that completed during habitual diet (p = .669, average 257 ± 141 arbitrary units). BM was significantly reduced in LOW versus habitual diet after 4 days (Δ = 0.40 ± 0.77 kg or 0.49% ± 0.91%, p < .05, effect size [ES] [95% confidence interval] = −0.53 [−1.17, 0.12]) and on the morning of Day 5 (Δ = 0.58 ± 0.83 kg or 0.74% ± 0.99%, p < .01, ES = −0.69 [−1.34, −0.03]). LOW resulted in moderately higher hunger (Δ = 5 ± 9 mm, p = .015, ES = 0.55 [−0.09, 1.20]), a decline in stool frequency from 2 ± 0 to 1 ± 0 bowel movements per day (p = .012, ES = 0.64 [−0.02, 1.29]) and stool softness decrease (p = .005). Nonetheless, participants reported the diet to be tolerable (n = 18/19) and were willing to repeat it (n = 16/19). Data demonstrate for the first time that consumption of a short-term LOW induces reductions in BM.
Variable Stiffness Shoes for Knee Osteoarthritis: An Evaluation of 3-Dimensional Gait Mechanics and Medial Joint Contact Forces
Authors: Steiner Ethan , Boyer Katherine A.
Published: March 2022

The study aim was to quantify the impact of a commercially available variable stiffness shoe (VSS) on 3-dimensional ankle, knee, and hip mechanics and estimated knee contact forces compared with a control shoe. Fourteen participants (10 females) with knee osteoarthritis completed gait analysis after providing informed consent. Shoe conditions tested were control shoe (New Balance MW411v2) and VSS (Abeo SMART3400). An OpenSim musculoskeletal model with static optimization was used to estimate knee contact forces. There were no differences in joint kinematics or in the knee adduction or flexion moments (P = .06; P = .2). There were increases in the knee internal and external rotation (P = .02; P = .03) and hip adduction and internal rotation moments for VSS versus control (P = .03; P = .02). The estimated contact forces were not different between shoes (total P = .3, medial P = .1, and lateral P = .8), but contact force changes were correlated with changes in the knee adduction moment (medial r2 = .61; P < .007). High variability in knee flexion moment changes and increases in the internal rotation moment combined with small decreases in the knee adduction moment did not lead to decreases in estimated contact forces. These results suggest that evaluation of VSS using only the knee adduction moment may not adequately capture its impact on osteoarthritis.
Cefiderocol- Compared to Colistin-Based Regimens for the Treatment of Severe Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Falcone Marco , Tiseo Giusy , Leonildi Alessandro , Della Sala Leonardo , Vecchione Alessandra , Barnini Simona , Farcomeni Alessio , Menichetti Francesco
Published: March 2022

Cefiderocol may represent a therapeutic option for carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(CRAB) infections, but clinical data are limited. This is an observational retrospective study conducted in the University Hospital of Pisa including consecutive patients with CRAB infections (January 2020 to August 2021).
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Dual Response of Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 to Inorganic Arsenic Oxyanions
Authors: Firrincieli A. , Zannoni D. , Donini E. , Dostálová H. , Rädisch R. , Iommarini L. , Turner R. J. , Busche T. , Pátek M. , Cappelletti M.
Published: March 2022

Members of the genus
Rhodococcus
show high metabolic versatility and the ability to tolerate/resist numerous stress conditions, including toxic metals.
R. aetherivorans
BCP1 is able to tolerate high concentrations of the two inorganic arsenic oxyanions, arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)]. Despite the fact that BCP1 intracellularly converts As(V) into As(III), this strain responds very differently to the presence of these two oxyanions in terms of cell growth and toxic effects.
N
,
N
-Dimethyldithiocarbamate Elicits Pneumococcal Hypersensitivity to Copper and Macrophage-Mediated Clearance
Authors: Menghani Sanjay V. , Cutcliffe Madeline P. , Sanchez-Rosario Yamil , Pok Chansorena , Watson Alison , Neubert Miranda J. , Ochoa Klariza , Wu Hsin-Jung Joyce , Johnson Michael D. L.
Published: March 2022

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is a Gram-positive, encapsulated bacterium that is a significant cause of disease burden in pediatric and elderly populations. The rise in unencapsulated disease-causing strains and antimicrobial resistance in
S. pneumoniae
has increased the need for developing new antimicrobial strategies.
Impact of Early ARV Initiation on Relative Proportions of Effector and Regulatory CD8 T Cell in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Peripheral Blood During Acute SIV Infection of Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Yero Alexis , Farnos Omar , Clain Julien , Zghidi-Abouzid Ouafa , Rabezanahary Henintsoa , Racine Gina , Estaquier Jérôme , Jenabian Mohammad-Ali
Published: March 2022

Changes in CD8 T-cell subsets during acute SIV/HIV infections and following early ARV initiation in gut lymphoid tissues are poorly understood. Using an acute SIV infection model in rhesus macaques, we assessed the impact of early ARV, initiated 4 days postinfection, on relative proportions of CD8 T-cell subsets in MLNs compared to blood.
Analysis of mRNA Decay Intermediates in Bacillus subtilis 3′ Exoribonuclease and RNA Helicase Mutant Strains
Authors: Chhabra Shivani , Mandell Zachary F. , Liu Bo , Babitzke Paul , Bechhofer David H.
Published: March 2022

The ability to rapidly change bacterial gene expression programs in response to environmental conditions is highly dependent on the efficient turnover of mRNA. While much is known about the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels, much less is known about the intermediate step of mRNA decay.
Transition of Dephospho-DctD to the Transcriptionally Active State via Interaction with Dephospho-IIA
Glc
Authors: Kang Sebin , Lee Kyu-Ho
Published: March 2022

Transcription regulation by bacterial two-component systems is achieved by a response regulator upon its transition to the transcriptionally active form via kinase activity of its cognate sensor under specific conditions. A well-known response regulator, DctD, is converted to its phosphorylated form when DctB senses ambient dicarboxylic acids.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Adenovirus Coinfection Cause Pediatric Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Li Fei , Zhang Yuhan , Shi Peng , Cao Linfeng , Su Liyun , Fu Pan , Abuduxikuer Kuerbanjiang , Wang Libo , Wang Yin , Lu Roujian , Tan Wenjie , Shen Jun
Published: March 2022

Pathogens that cause pediatric severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) requiring bronchoscopy intervention are understudied. Through this study, we explore the etiology of SCAP form alveolar lavage fluid (ALF) samples by the RespiFinder 2SMART multi-PCR assay.
An Extended Reservoir of Class-D Beta-Lactamases in Non-Clinical Bacterial Strains
Authors: Lupo Valérian , Mercuri Paola Sandra , Frère Jean-Marie , Joris Bernard , Galleni Moreno , Baurain Denis , Kerff Frédéric
Published: March 2022

The transmission of genes coding for resistance factors from environmental to nosocomial strains is a major component in the development of bacterial resistance toward antibiotics. Our survey of class D beta-lactamase genes in genomic databases highlighted the high sequence diversity of the enzymes that are able to recognize and/or hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics.
Therapeutic Effects of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 in Combination with Vancomycin and Metronidazole in a Primary Clostridioides difficile-Infected Mouse Model
Authors: Yang Jingpeng , Meng Lingtong , Yang Hong
Published: March 2022

Many studies have focused on the preventive effects of probiotics against pCDI, but few studies have investigated in depth the therapeutic effects of probiotics, especially at the postinfection stage. We demonstrated that high doses of
Bifidobacterium breve
YH68 used alone or in combination with vancomycin (VAN) and metronidazole (MTR) exerted outstanding efficacy in the treatment of pCDI mice.
The Identity of the Constriction Region of the Ribosomal Exit Tunnel Is Important to Maintain Gene Expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Worthan Sarah B. , Franklin Elizabeth A. , Pham Chi , Yap Mee-Ngan F. , Cruz-Vera Luis R.
Published: March 2022

All newly synthesized proteins must pass through a channel in the ribosome named the exit tunnel before emerging into the cytoplasm, membrane, and other compartments. The structural characteristics of the tunnel could govern protein folding and gene expression in a species-specific manner but how the identity of tunnel elements influences gene expression is less well-understood.
Interoperator reliability of an on-site machine learning-based prototype to estimate CT angiography-derived fractional flow reserve
Authors: Han Yushui , Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim , Schwemmer Chris , Cocker Myra , Alnabelsi Talal S , Saad Jean Michel , Ramirez Giraldo Juan C , Al-Mallah Mouaz H
Published: March 2022

Background

Advances in CT and machine learning have enabled on-site non-invasive assessment of fractional flow reserve (FFRCT).

Purpose

To assess the interoperator and intraoperator variability of coronary CT angiography-derived FFRCTusing a machine learning-based postprocessing prototype.

Materials and methods

We included 60 symptomatic patients who underwent coronary CT angiography. FFRCTwas calculated by two independent operators after training using a machine learning-based on-site prototype. FFRCTwas measured 1 cm distal to the coronary plaque or in the middle of the segments if no coronary lesions were present. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis were used to evaluate interoperator variability effect in FFRCTestimates. Sensitivity analysis was done by cardiac risk factors, degree of stenosis and image quality.

Results

A total of 535 coronary segments in 60 patients were assessed. The overall ICC was 0.986 per patient (95% CI 0.977 to 0.992) and 0.972 per segment (95% CI 0.967 to 0.977). The absolute mean difference in FFRCTestimates was 0.012 per patient (95% CI for limits of agreement: −0.035 to 0.039) and 0.02 per segment (95% CI for limits of agreement: −0.077 to 0.080). Tight limits of agreement were seen on Bland-Altman analysis. Distal segments had greater variability compared with proximal/mid segments (absolute mean difference 0.011 vs 0.025, p<0.001). Results were similar on sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

A high degree of interoperator and intraoperator reproducibility can be achieved by on-site machine learning-based FFRCTassessment. Future research is required to evaluate the physiological relevance and prognostic value of FFRCT.
Joining of C–C composite with BNi-1a
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhu Rong , Gao Meng , Hu Zhongqi , Xiao Yifeng , Zhang Qiankun , Li Chun
Published: March 2022

In this study, Carbon–Carbon (C–C) composite joints were prepared using BNi-1a paste filler metal as the intermediate layer in a vacuum brazing method. The interfacial structures and compositions of the joints were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that element interdiffusion and chemical reactions occurred in the joining zone, and various compounds were formed, including Cr3C2, Ni31Si12, Ni(s.s), MB and MC ((M = Cr, Fe, Ni). The optimum joining parameters were determined to be the brazing at the temperature of 1120∘C for 60 min, which produced the joint with the maximum shear strength of 24.13 MPa. The joint shear strength and fracture morphology demonstrate that bonding temperature and retention time have a significant effect on the strength of C–C composites.
The novel soliton solutions for the conformable perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Yépez-Martínez Huitzilin , Pashrashid Arash , Gómez-Aguilar José Francisco , Akinyemi Lanre , Rezazadeh Hadi
Published: March 2022

The sub-equation method is implemented to construct exact solutions for the conformable perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In this paper, we consider three different types of nonlinear perturbations: The quadratic–cubic law, the quadratic–quartic–quintic law, and the cubic–quintic–septic law. The properties of the conformable derivative are discussed and applied with the help of a suitable wave transform that converts the governing model to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Furthermore, the order of the expected polynomial-type solution is obtained using the homogeneous balancing approach. Dark and singular soliton solutions are derived.
Damage Detection of Bridge Structures Under Vehicle Loads Using Moving-Window Correlation Coefficient of Signals with Limited Sensors
Authors: Zhang Yifeng , Zhu Jinsong
Published: March 2022

Based on the moving-window correlation coefficient of signals, a damage detection method is proposed for bridge structures. The signals collected by two sensors during the vehicle crossing the bridge are intercepted as windowed pair time series, and the damage index is defined based on the correlation of them. The damage vector is composed of damage indices from the beginning to end according to the moving direction of the window, and the damage location can be determined by the peak information of all the damage vectors which are obtained by different sensor pairs. First, the damage detection method and corresponding detection steps are introduced. Then, the proposed method is validated by numerical simulation, and the influence of moving window length, moving step, the number of sensors, deviation of vehicle parameters and road-surface roughness on damage localization are discussed, respectively. Finally, the proposed method is validated by experiments using a two-axis vehicle and a steel–concrete composite beam. The results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the damage location. High-pass filtering of the raw data to remove trend items and wavelet noise reduction can significantly improve the accuracy of damage detection, and can accurately locate the damage in the presence of road-surface roughness. The damage detection result is not sensitive to vehicle parameter deviation, and the damage location can still be accurately identified when the vehicle weight or speed deviates 50% from the vehicle parameters in the reference data. In addition, the proposed method can make full use of the damage information between sensors, and can accurately identify the damage location with limited sensors. The number of sensors can be flexibly determined considering both accuracy and economy.
A characterization of extending trivial Morita contexts
Authors: Moradiani S. , Moussavi A.
Published: March 2022

A right module [Formula: see text] is extending if every submodule is essential in a direct summand of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for a trivial Morita context ring to be right extending.
Multi-Script Text Detection from Image Using FRCNN
Authors: Goswami Mukesh M , Dadiya Nidhi J , Mitra Suman , Goswami Tanvi
Published: March 2022

Textual information is the most common type of way by which we can determine what text/texts we are looking for. In order to retrieve text from images the first and foremost step is text detection from the image. Text detection has a wide range of applications such as translation, smart car driving system, information retrieval, indexing of multimedia archives, sign board reading, and countless. Multilingual text detection from images adds an extra complication to a computer vision problem. As India is a multilingual country and therefore multi-script texts can be found almost everywhere. A multi-script text differs in terms of formats, strokes, width, and height. Also, universal features for such an environment are unknown and difficult to determine as well. Therefore, detecting multi-script text from images is an important yet unsolved problem. In this work, we proposed a faster RCNN-based method for detecting English, Hindi, and Gujarati text from Images. Faster RCNN is the state-of-the-art approach for object detection. As it works for objects which are of large size and texts are of smaller size, the parameters are tuned to meet the objective of multi-script text detection. The dataset is created by collecting images as there is no standard dataset available that includes English, Gujarati, and Hindi texts in the public domain.
Ancient Tibetan Word Segmentation: Dataset and Methods
Authors: An Bo , Long Congjun
Published: March 2022

Tibetan ancient literature is an important literature material for the study of ancient Tibetan culture, history, and the development of Sino Tibetan language family. However, the lack of work on ancient Tibetan word segmentation tools seriously restricts the research of ancient Tibetan literature. In view of this situation, this paper first utilizes ancient Tibetan interlaced contrast tagging data to extract the ancient Tibetan word segmentation dataset. Based on this dataset, we conduct numerous experiments for the task of ancient Tibetan word segmentation. Experimental results show that BiLSTM + CRF word segmentation algorithm can achieve the best performance, and the performance of ancient Tibetan word segmentation can be further improved through model ensemble. And the results show that the unknown words, insufficient training data and word ambiguity restrict the performance of ancient Tibetan word segmentation.
Data and Process Quality Evaluation in a Textual Big Data Archiving System
Authors: Fugini Mariagrazia , Finocchi Jacopo
Published: March 2022

The article presents a textual Big Data analytics solution developed in a real setting as a part of a high-capacity document digitization and storage system. A software based on machine learning techniques performs automated extraction and processing of textual contents. The work focuses on performance and data confidence evaluation and describes the approach to computing a set of indicators for textual data quality. It then presents experimental results.
Review—Progress on Carbon-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Authors: S. Renjini , Abraham Pinky , Anitha Kumary V. , Chithra P. G. , Sreevalsan Krishna
Published: March 2022

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters which also serve as hormones, and they influence different functions of our body and stimulate the central nervous system. Because any disorder in their concentration level may cause serious health issues, monitoring their concentration at every stage of production in the body as well as therapeutic treatment are vital. Carbon materials play a key role in improving the electron transfer rate in electrochemical sensing due to their active surface area and superior electron transfer efficiency. The present review focuses on carbon-based electrochemical sensors for epinephrine and nor epinephrine.