bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a digital UDL-based learning environment in inclusive chemistry education
Authors: Baumann Thomas , Melle Insa
Published: July 2019

To comply with the United Nations’ (UN)Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilitiesteaching units have to be universally accessible to all students. The Universal Design for Learning (UDL) offers one possible way of creating an inclusive teaching unit that should be accessible to as many students as possible. New technologies and media are very suitable for providing flexible materials and are therefore of particular importance to the UDL. To investigate the effect of a digital multimedia learning environment on students with and without special educational needs (SEN) we developed a learning software according to the UDL for two 90 min courses for the lower secondary chemistry course. We examined the learning environment in inclusive German classrooms withn= 89 students at the age of 13–15, includingn= 16 SEN-students. For this, we used a chemistry performance test in form of a multiple-choice test in a pre-post-follow-up-design as well as a test for the attitude of the students towards the learning software. Additionally, we recorded the activities on the screens of selected learners. The chemistry performance concerning chemical reactions significantly increased through the intervention. Moreover, the students gave a positive feedback on the learning software. The results of the study suggest that the digital learning unit is suitable for learning about chemical reactions. The analysis of the videos shows that students with and without SEN use the functions of the software mostly adequate. In this paper first results are presented, further analysis will follow.
Space of Disse: a stem cell niche in the liver
Authors: Häussinger Dieter , Kordes Claus
Published: July 2019

Recent evidence indicates that the plasticity of preexisting hepatocytes and bile duct cells is responsible for the appearance of intermediate progenitor cells capable of restoring liver mass after injury without the need of a stem cell compartment. However, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in all organs and are associated with blood vessels which represent their perivascular stem cell niche. MSCs are multipotent and can differentiate into several cell types and are known to support regenerative processes by the release of immunomodulatory and trophic factors. In the liver, the space of Disse constitutes a stem cell niche that harbors stellate cells as liver resident MSCs. This perivascular niche is created by extracellular matrix proteins, sinusoidal endothelial cells, liver parenchymal cells and sympathetic nerve endings and establishes a microenvironment that is suitable to maintain stellate cells and to control their fate. The stem cell niche integrity is important for the behavior of stellate cells in the normal, regenerative, aged and diseased liver. The niche character of the space of Disse may further explain why the liver can become an organ of extra-medullar hematopoiesis and why this organ is frequently prone to tumor metastasis.
Antidiabetic and antioxidative properties of the hydro-methanolic extract (60:40) of rhizomes of Curcuma amada roxb. (Zingiberaceae) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rat: a dose-dependent study through biochemical and genomic approaches
Authors: Mitra Dipanwita , Sarkar Riya , Ghosh Debidas
Published: July 2019

Background

Curcuma amada is the most popular traditional medicine in India for the treatment of diabetes. The present study aimed to focus the antidiabetic and antioxidative activity of C. amada through the analysis of biochemical and genomic levels in a dose-dependent manner in streptozotocin-induced male adult rat.

Method

Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administered orally with hydro-methanolic extract of C. amada at the dose of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/100 g body weight of rats for 28 days. The antidiabetic and antioxidative efficacy of the extract on glycemic, enzymatic, genomic and histological sensors along with toxicity study was investigated.

Results

The result showed a significant antidiabetic and antioxidative effect of the extract at dose-dependent manner. The significant recovery of fasting blood glucose level, serum insulin, activity of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and antioxidative enzymes in extract-treated diabetic group as compared to untreated diabetic group were noted. After the extract treatment, the size of pancreatic islet and cell population densities were significantly increased. Activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in liver were significantly recovered along with the correction of Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression in hepatic tissue after the extract treatment in diabetic rats in respect to untreated diabetic group. Out of all the doses, the significant effects were noted at the dose of 20 mg/100 g body weight which has been considered as threshold dose in the concern.

Conclusion

It may be concluded that the significant and corrective effect in most of the sensors was noted at the minimum dose of 20 mg/100 g body weight of hydro-methanolic extract of C. amada without producing any toxicity.
Evaluation of in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic, antilipidemic and antioxidant potentials of aqueous root extract of Strophanthus hispidus DC (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Fageyinbo Muyiwa Samuel , Akindele Abidemi James , Adenekan Sunday Oluwaseun , Agbaje Esther Oluwatoyin
Published: July 2019

Background

Antidiabetic activity of aqueous root extract of Strophanthus hispidus (SHP) was evaluated based on its folklore used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic potential of the aqueous root extract of SHP.

Methods

SHP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg p.o.), normal saline (10 mL/kg; diabetic control) and distilled water (10 mL/kg; normal control) were administered once daily for 28 days, with the measurement of fasting blood glucose level at 7 days interval. Blood samples were collected on day 28 for serum biochemical (albumin, total protein [TP], creatinine, alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], bilirubin and urea) and hematological assays. The in-vitro antidiabetic activity was investigated using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory assays.

Results

SHP produced a day-dependent reduction in glucose level. Peak reduction (82.94 %; p < 0.05) was produced at the dose of 100 mg/kg. SHP significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of HDL and TP but significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of TG, LDL, TC, AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, creatinine and urea compared with diabetic control rats. Furthermore, SHP significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione compared to diabetic control rats. SHP significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes compared with acarbose.

Conclusion

The findings in this study showed that SHP possesses beneficial antidiabetic activity.
Application of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to forecast rodent population abundance in smallholder agro-ecosystems in semi-arid areas in Tanzania
Authors: Chidodo Davis J. , Kimaro Didas N. , Hieronimo Proches , Makundi Rhodes H. , Isabirye Moses , Leirs Herwig , Massawe Apia W. , Mdangi Mashaka E. , Kifumba David , Mulungu Loth S.
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite-derived remote sensing data for monitoring rodent abundance in semi-arid areas of Tanzania. We hypothesized that NDVI could potentially complement rainfall in predicting rodent abundance spatially and temporally. NDVI were determined across habitats with different vegetation types in Isimani landscape, Iringa Region, in the southern highlands of Tanzania. Normalized differences in reflectance between the red (R) (0.636–0.673 mm) and near-infrared (NIR) (0.851–0.879 mm) channels of the electromagnetic spectrum from the Landsat 8 [Operational Land Imager (OLI)] sensor were obtained. Rodents were trapped in a total of 144 randomly selected grids each measuring 100 × 100 m2, for which the corresponding values of NDVI were recorded during the corresponding rodent trapping period. Raster analysis was performed by transformation to establish NDVI in study grids over the entire study area. The relationship between NDVI, rodent distribution and abundance both spatially and temporally during the start, mid and end of the dry and wet seasons was established. Linear regression model was used to evaluate the relationships between NDVI and rodent abundance across seasons. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) at p ≤ 0.05 was carried out to describe the degree of association between actual and NDVI-predicted rodent abundances. The results demonstrated a strong linear relationship between NDVI and actual rodent abundance within grids (R2 = 0.71). NDVI-predicted rodent abundance showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.99) with estimated rodent abundance. These results support the hypothesis that NDVI has the potential for predicting rodent population abundance under smallholder farming agro-ecosystems. Hence, NDVI could be used to forecast rodent abundance within a reasonable short period of time when compared with sparse and not widely available rainfall data.
Fluorescent surfactants from common dyes – Rhodamine B and Eosin Y
Authors: Smith McWilliams Ashleigh D. , Ergülen Selin , Ogle Meredith M. , de los Reyes Carlos A. , Pasquali Matteo , Martí Angel A.
Published: July 2019

Eight fluorescent surfactants were synthesized by attaching aliphatic chains of 6, 10, 12, or 16 carbons to the fluorescent dyes Rhodamine B and Eosin Y. The obtained critical micelle concentrations (CMC) demonstrate an increasing CMC with decreasing aliphatic chain length, which is a typical behavior for surfactants. Additionally, fluorescence quantum yield experiments show a decrease in quantum yield with increasing aliphatic chain length, suggesting that the tails can interact with the dye, influencing its excited state. Finally, applications for the fluorescent surfactants were demonstrated; as a cellular stain in Panc-1 cells and as a dispersion and imaging tool for carbon and boron nitride nanotubes. These surfactants could provide a useful tool for a wide array of potential applications, from textile dyes to fluorescence imaging.
Dual inhibitors of urease and carbonic anhydrase-II from Iris species
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Hareem Sumaira , Khan Ajmal , Naheed Suad , Raza Muslim , Hussain Riaz , Imran Muhammad , Choudhary M. Iqbal
Published: July 2019

Twenty seven (1–27) known natural organic compounds were isolated for first time from two species of Iris, i.e. loczyi and Iris unguicularis. The structures of these compounds were deduced from the spectral data of NMR, IR, and mass spectrogram. These were evaluated against urease and carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies. For carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition studies, these compounds were evaluated by biochemical mechanism based in vitro bio-assay. Some compounds showed significant inhibition against CA-II enzyme. Compartively, compound (12) showed IC50 value of 17.60 ± 0.08 μM against urease enzyme, while compound (3) was found to be most active against carbonic anhydrase-II, having an IC50 value of 66.27 ± 0.89 μM. Izalpinin (3), 5,7-dihydroxy-2′,6-dimethoxyisoflavone (9), 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone (16), 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3′,8-dimethoxyflavanone (20), 8-methoxyeriodictyol (21), and mangiferin (26) were found to be dual inhibitors of both the enyzmes. The most active compounds were docked using Autodock Vina and i-GEMDOCK softwares. The docking and in-vitro results are in agreement which showed secondary interactions with the enzymes. The compounds can serve as therapeutic agents to treat urease and carbonic anhydrase associated disorders.
An attempt to correlate the physical properties of fossil and subfossil resins with their age and geographic location
Authors: Stach Paweł , Martinkutė Gintarė , Šinkūnas Petras , Natkaniec-Nowak Lucyna , Drzewicz Przemysław , Naglik Beata , Bogdasarov Maxim
Published: July 2019

Testing of the correlation between physical properties of natural resins such as microhardness, density and UV-excited fluorescence emission with their age, geological conditions, botanical and geographical origin and chemical structure was performed. These physical parameters, especially microhardness, are the result of resins fossilization processes like cross-linking and polymerizations of compounds present in the fossils. In addition, hardening of the resins may be also an effect of miscellaneous chemical processes induced by various environmental, biological and geological conditions. The principal component analysis found that the correlation of microhardness, density and fluorescence intensity with the resin age is quite low. The results suggest that variability of physical properties is caused by geographic location and locally occurring geological conditions. The physical properties of natural resins are most strongly correlated with chemical structure and geographic location. The resins with higher microhardness values come from marine environment depositions. The same trend was observed for resins affected by volcanic activity. Moreover, high fluorescence intensity was also observed for resins affected by above mentioned geological conditions. However, the density values of tested resins revealed the lowest correlation with their age, botanical source and geological history.
Studies on nucleation and crystal growth kinetics of uranium(IV) oxalate
Authors: Li Chuanbo , Ning Yongzhi , Yan Taihong , Zheng Weifang
Published: July 2019

An improved apparatus is used for nucleation measurements according to Nielsen’s method. A new method is proposed to calculate the dilution ratio N of the reaction solution during nucleation rate determination. With the rule, when the initial apparent supersaturation ratio S′ = f(N) in the dilution tank is controlled from 1.2 to 2.7, crystal nucleus dissolving and secondary nucleation can be avoided satisfactorily. Experiments are realized by varying the supersaturation ratio from 26.0 to 297.5 and temperature from 30 °C to 50 °C. Uranium(IV) oxalate is precipitated by mixing equal volumes of tetravalent uranium nitrate and oxalic acid solution. The experimental results show that the nucleation rate of uranium(IV) oxalate in the supersaturation range as show above is characterized by the primary homogeneous mechanism and can be expressed by the equation

R
N

=

A
N

exp
(
−

E
a

/
R
T
)
exp
[
−
B
/

(
ln 
S
)

2

]
,

${R_N} = {A_N}{\rm{exp}}( - {E_a}/RT){\rm{exp}}[ - B/{({\rm{ln }}S)^2}],$

where AN
 = 1.9 × 1027 m−3s−1, Ea
 = 71.2 kJ mol−1, and B = 34.3. The crystal growth rate can be expressed by the equation

G
(
t
)
=

k
g

exp(
−

E
′

a

/
R
T
)(
c
−

c

eq

)
g

,

$G(t) = {k_g}{\rm{exp(}} - {E^{\prime}_a}/RT{\rm{)(}}c - {c_{{\rm{eq}}}}{{\rm{)}}^g},$

where kg
 = 7.1 × 105 (mol/L)−0.98 (m/s),

E
′

a

=
33.1

 kJ mol

−
1

,

${E^{\prime}_a} = 33.1 \ {\rm{ kJ \ mo}}{{\rm{l}}^{ - 1}},$

and g = 0.98. The results indicate that the crystal growth of tetravalent uranium(IV) oxalate is controlled by the BCF model.
Borders and translation: Revisiting Juri Lotman’s semiosphere
Authors: Monticelli Daniele
Published: July 2019

In the framework of the theory of the semiosphere elaborated by Juri Lotman in the 1980s, the notion of translation acquires a new, broadened meaning and is used to describe a general mechanism of cultural dynamics. This is a direct consequence of the understanding of the semiosphere as a “continuum of semiotic systems” of which heterogeneity and polyglotism are constitutive features. If the “smallest functioning semiotic mechanism” is not an isolated system, but always a (at least) binary system, translation will play a central role in communication not only between different cultures, but also within every single culture.

The article focuses on the different places of translation within the semiosphere as a system of systems and its relations to the notion of border. It argues that in Lotman’s theory, translation can function both as a homogenizing and a heterogenizing semiotic force, depending on its position at the center or the periphery of a given semiotic system. The first part of the article develops a theoretical argument on the relation between translation processes and cultural borders, which acquire different meanings and functions within Lotman’s theory of the semiosphere corresponding to differently oriented kinds of translation. The second part of the article develops a close analysis of Giacomo Leopardi’s poem “L’Infinito,” where the tension and dialogue between the different functions of the Lotmanian borders and the different kinds of cultural translation become devices for the generation of new meanings. Finally, the article briefly considers the significance of Lotman’s semiospheric understanding of the relation between borders and translation for contemporary translation and border studies.
Mythic symbolic type, utopia, and body without organs
Authors: Meir-Dviri Mina
Published: July 2019

A mythic symbolic type is a binary-structured, gender-oriented cultural mask. Whoever enters it will never exit and will behave according to the mask’s logic. The article focuses on the men of the semi-commune Little Home trapped in the mask. It will examine this cultural structure’s organization of binary-opposition in a unique kind of intensity, I called “masculine waves.” In the final part, a discussion will be presented in the context of Deleuze’s Becoming and Bloch’s utopia.
Non-Invasive and Less Degradative Ways of Insulin Administration
Authors: Allahyari Saeideh , Javadzadeh Yousef
Published: July 2019

Protein and peptide delivery systems attract great attention nowadays. They play crucial role in several diseases, but their way of administration has some disadvantages that makes patients dissatisfied. In this study, we choose insulin as a peptide that is used for type I and type II diabetic patients, but injection way of its usage is not suitable in diabetes as a chronic remedy. Although oral way is a needle-free one, but its bioavailability through that would be decreased because of degradation in gastro-intestine and consequently, further dosage should be used to get the desired hypoglycemic effect. Administration of insulin through non-parenteral and less enzymatic pathways, such as intranasal, pulmonary, transdermal, colon and vaginal routes, is new that attracts researchers’ attention considerably. Although the bioavailability of insulin may be lower than the current injection way, but it may be improved by some strategies like the use of permeation enhancers. There are also some limitations in each way, but propagation of them would result in improvement of patients’ quality of life and may cause some economic profits. The objective of this review was to introduce the convenient ways for long term insulin administration with few enzymatic barriers.
Effects of Pomegranate Seed and Peel Methanolic Extracts on Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Doostan Farideh , Mesgari Abbasi Mehran , Khordadmehr Monireh , Fallah Farnoush , Behrouzy Azin
Published: July 2019

Background: Hepatotoxicity—the most important side effect of the Methotrexate (MTX)—seems to relate to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Pomegranate has high anti-oxidant capacities. We studied if MTX-induced hepatotoxicity can be protected by pomegranate peel and seed methanolic extracts (PPE and PSE) in rats. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided on the basis of: orally received normal saline as control, orally received 500 mg/kg PSE, orally received 500 mg/kg PPE, intramuscularly (IM) received 10 mg/kg MTX, MTX- and PSE-received, and MTX- and PPE-received groups. After the intervention, blood and liver samples were obtained. Results: The results showed considerable antioxidant activity (510.7 ± 2.5 µg/ml) and total phenolic content (147.2 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g extract) of PSE and PPE, respectively. The ALT value reached the levels of the control group after treatment with PSE in PSE + MTX group. The serum level of ALT showed a significant increase in PPE+MTX group in comparison with MTX group. The results indicated that the PSE and PPE did not have considerable effect on ALP levels alone or together with MTX. Our results showed that PSE+ MTX and also PPE+ MTX treatment caused serum AST values to increase significantly in comparison with control and MTX groups. In histopatological study, the extracts decreased the pathological changes induced by methotrexate. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that PPE and PSE that have notable total flavonoid and phenolic contents and also antioxidant activity, can protect the liver against histo-pathological and some enzymatic changes induced by MTX in rats.
Liposomal Formulation of Snakehead Fish (Ophiocephalus striatus) Powder and Toxicity Study in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model
Authors: Tungadi Robert , Abdulkadir Widysusanti , Ino Ischak Netty , R Rahim Bayu
Published: July 2019

Background: Snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus striatus) is a freshwater fish that is utilized as anti-inflammatory and anticancer drug. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity effect of snakehead fish powder (SFP), formulate it into liposome and in vitro study using sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells. Methods: Dried powder of snakehead fish was made using the atomizer then made a test solution which was divided into 7 treatment groups in different concentrations. They were exposed to zebrafish embryos then observed for 72 h post fertilization (hpf). After acquiring the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and lethal concentration (LC50) of SFP, these concentrations were used to formulate SFP into liposome by extrusion method. SFP-liposomes were characterized and stable tested. Afterwards, SFP-liposomes were evaluated in vitro using sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells. Results: The maximum allowed toxicant concentration of SFP was 0.0543 mg/mL meaning slight toxic symptoms, IC50 = 0.0945 mg/mL showing the growth inhibition of zebrafish embryos, and LC50 = 0.1549 mg/mL meaning very toxic category that has killed zebrafish embryos. The characterization results showed that size of SFP-liposome were 121 nm ± 0.29, polydispersity index 0.06 ± 0.02, zeta-potential -10.15 mV ± 0.36 and % entrapment efficiency (EE) 85.75% ± 2.24. Six weeks of stability study showed that size profile was stable at 25°C and 37°C. Moreover, SFP-liposomes inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation when evaluated with 4T1 and MDA-MB231-sensitive and resistant cells. Conclusion: SFP has bioactive compounds based on toxicity effect and can be formulated into liposome as a promising nanonutraceutical formulation.
Effect of 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Salicylate as an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API-IL) on the Thermodynamic Behavior of Aqueous Glycine Solutions at T= 298.15 K
Authors: Shekaari Hemayat , Zafarani-Moattar Mohammed Taghi , Mirheydari Seyyedeh Narjes , Mazaher Haji Agha Elnaz
Published: July 2019

Background: The thermophysical properties of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium salicylate as an active pharmaceutical ingredient based on ionic liquid have been investigated in the presence of aqueous solutions of glycine. Therefore, the scope of this article was to determine these properties by measuring the densities, speeds of sound, viscosities, electrical conductances and refractive indices for ternary (glycine + 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium salicylate + water) soloutions at T = 298.15 K. Methods: A commercial density and speed of sound measurement apparatus was used to measure the density and speed of sound data. Viscosities, electrical conductivities and refractive indices of the studied solutions were measured using digital viscometer, conductivity meter and refractometer, respectively. Results: Variety of properties such as partial molar volume of transfer ∆traV0ϕ, partial molar isentropic compressibility of transfer ∆traK0ϕ, viscosity B-coefficients of transfer ∆traB, ion association constants (KA) and molar refraction RD were determined to investigate the solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions in these systems. Conclusion: The positive values of transfer properties including partial molar volume of transfer (∆traV0ϕ), partial molar isentropic compressibility of transfer (∆traK0ϕ), and viscosity B-coefficients of transfer (∆traB) indicated that in these systems, the ion-polar and polar-polar interactions are dominant. The calculated hydration number showed that dehydration of glycine occurs in presence of this ionic liquid.
Creative Practice and the Limits of Knowledge in Reconstructing Lost Songs from Boethius’s On the Consolation of Philosophy
Authors: Barrett Sam
Published: July 2019

This study seeks to reconstruct the music for Boethius’s final and most widely read work, On the Consolation of Philosophy. Although a handful of neumations for Boethius’s thirty-nine poems have long been known, the almost complete absence of surviving pitched versions of the melodies has hindered the task of reconstruction. Following a systematic study of neumed manuscripts dating from the ninth to the eleventh centuries and identification of underlying principles of melodic design, it is now possible to attempt informed reconstructions. Even so, the leap from scholarship to modern performance remains substantial, involving a preliminary need to recreate melodies through experimentation.

Collaboration with members of the ensemble Sequentia over a four-year period (2014–17) provided an opportunity to explore ways in which creative practice might supplement scholarly knowledge, whether through posing new research questions, the formation and exploration of hypotheses, or recourse to memorized practices built up through sustained engagement with early medieval repertories and instruments. Taking a recovered mid eleventh-century leaf of the Cambridge Songs as a focus for investigation, songs from the first book of Boethius’s De consolatione philosophiae were newly reconstructed. Although debate continues to surround the status of results obtained through creative practice, comparison with the way other disciplines have proceeded under similar conditions reveals acceptance of experimentation as a mode of inquiry. This essay proposes that performance can fruitfully supplement philology in seeking to reconstruct lost songs from notated traces.
Renal impairment is closely associated with plasma aldosterone concentration in patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Kawashima Akiyuki , Sone Masakatsu , Inagaki Nobuya , Takeda Yoshiyu , Itoh Hiroshi , Kurihara Isao , Umakoshi Hironobu , Ichijo Takamasa , Katabami Takuyuki , Wada Norio , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Kawashima Junji , Fujita Megumi , Miyauchi Shozo , Okamura Shintaro , Fukuoka Tomikazu , Yanase Toshihiko , Izawa Shoichiro , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Hashimoto Shigeatsu , Yamada Masanobu , Kai Tatsuya , Suzuki Tomoko , Naruse Mitsuhide , _ _
Published: July 2019

Objective

Several clinical studies have reported that renal impairments are sometimes observed in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). We analyzed the prevalence of renal impairments in PA patients and identified parameters that increase the risk for them.

Design

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. We assessed the PA database established by the multicenter Japan PA study (JPAS). Data were also collected from patients with essential hypertension (EHT).

Methods

We compared the prevalences of proteinuria and lowered estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between patients with PA and age, sex, blood pressure and duration of hypertension-matched patients with EHT. We also performed logistic regression analysis to identify parameters that increase the risk for these renal impairments.

Results

Among 2366 PA patients, the prevalences of proteinuria and lowered eGFR were 10.3 and 11.6%, respectively. The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly higher in PA patients than matched-EHT patients (16.8 vs 4.4%), whereas there was no significant difference in the prevalence of lowered eGFR (17.2 vs 15.0%). The logistic regression analysis also showed that the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) significantly increases the risk of proteinuria and lowered eGFR, independent of other known risk factors.

Conclusion

Plasma aldosterone levels are closely associated with renal impairment in patients with PA. This is contrast to our earlier finding that the PAC was not itself linearly associated with cardiovascular events such as stroke or ischemic heart disease. The mechanism underlying the kidney damage in patients with PA may differ from that affecting the cardiovascular system.
Homer2 and Homer3 modulate RANKL-induced NFATc1 signaling in osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism
Authors: Son Aran , Kang Namju , Oh Sue Young , Kim Ki Woo , Muallem Shmuel , Yang Yu-Mi , Shin Dong Min
Published: July 2019

The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) induces osteoclastogenesis by induction of Ca2+ oscillation, calcineurin activation and translocation into the nucleus of nuclear factor of activated T cells type c1 (NFATc1). Homer proteins are scaffold proteins. They regulate Ca2+ signaling by modulating the activity of multiple Ca2+ signaling proteins. Homers 2 and 3, but not Homer1, also independently affect the interaction between NFATc1 and calcineurin. However, to date, whether and how the Homers are involved in osteoclastogenesis remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated Homer2 and Homer3 roles in Ca2+ signaling and NFATc1 function during osteoclast differentiation. Deletion of Homer2/Homer3 (Homer2/3) markedly decreased the bone density of the tibia, resulting in bone erosion. RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation is greatly facilitated in Homer2/3 DKO bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) due to increased NFATc1 expression and nuclear translocation. However, these findings did not alter RANKL-induced Ca2+ oscillations. Of note, RANKL treatment inhibited Homer proteins interaction with NFATc1, but it was restored by cyclosporine A treatment to inhibit calcineurin. Finally, RANKL treatment of Homer2/3 DKO BMMs significantly increased the formation of multinucleated cells. These findings suggest a novel potent mode of bone homeostasis regulation through osteoclasts differentiation. Specifically, we found that Homer2 and Homer3 regulate NFATc1 function through its interaction with calcineurin to regulate RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism.
Hydrogeological responses in tropical mountainous springs
Authors: Sánchez-Murillo Ricardo
Published: July 2019

This study presents a hydrogeochemical analysis of spring responses (2013-2017) in the tropical mountainous region of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. The isotopic distribution of δ18O and δ2H in rainfall resulted in a highly significant meteoric water line: δ2H = 7.93×δ18O + 10.37 (r2=0.97). Rainfall isotope composition exhibited a strong dependent seasonality. The isotopic variation (δ18O) of two springs within the Barva aquifer was simulated using the FlowPC program to determine mean transit times (MTTs). Exponential-piston and dispersion distribution functions provided the best-fit to the observed isotopic composition at Flores and Sacramento springs, respectively. MTTs corresponded to 1.23±0.03 (Sacramento) and 1.42±0.04 (Flores) years. The greater MTT was represented by a homogeneous geochemical composition at Flores, whereas the smaller MTT at Sacramento is reflected in a more variable geochemical response. The results may be used to enhance modelling efforts in central Costa Rica, whereby scarcity of long-term data limits water resources management plans.
Caracterización y posibles causas de la deserción estudiantil en el curso de Matemática General
Authors: Hidalgo Mora Randall , Gamboa Araya Ronny , Castillo Sánchez Mario
Published: July 2019

La presente investigación se realizó en el primer curso de matemática a nivel universitario en la Universidad Nacional. El propósito de dicha investigación es caracterizar la población de desertores y explorar algunas causas del abandono. Se trabajo con la población de estudiantes matriculados en el curso de Matemática General en el I y II ciclo del 2017.

Los estudiantes desertores se caracterizan por ser una población con las condiciones idóneas para el estudio, son jóvenes, solteros, con beca, con apoyo de los padres, en las carreras de su elección. En cuanto a las causas del abandono se pueden mencionar bajo rendimiento académico en el primer examen del curso, deficiencia en conocimientos previos y nerviosismo a la hora de realizar las pruebas.
Síntesis de precursores tipo 1,8-naftilimida: propiedades y usos potenciales para la detección selectiva de metales en agua
Authors: Piedra Marín Gilberto , González Solís Leonel , Herrera Núñez Jacqueline , Soto Fallas Roy , Borbón Alpízar Henry
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue sintetizar moléculas (cromóforos) que tuviesen la capacidad de combinarse con sustancias macrocíclicas para preparar macromoléculas (quimiosensores) que pudiesen utilizarse para la detección selectiva de cationes Hg2+, Cd2+ y Pb2+ en agua. Para ello se sintetizaron derivados 1,8-naftilimida a partir de reacciones de aminación entre el anhídrido 4-bromo-1,8-naftálico y diferentes alquilaminas de cadena variable (n = 2, 4). La funcionalización de los derivados 1,8-naftilimidas en posición 4 se realizó mediante reacciones de sustitución de halógeno utilizando bromoalquilaminas (n = 2, 4). Se lograron sintetizar cuatro cromóforos: el N-(2-cloroetil)-1,8-naftilamida, el N-(3-cloropropil)-1,8-naftilamida, el 4-bromo-N-(2-cloroetil)-1,8-naftilamida y el 4-bromo-N-(3-cloropropil)-1,8-naftilamida. Se obtuvieron espectros UV y 1H-RMN de los cromóforos preparados, que sugieren que los compuestos preparados efectivamente corresponden a los planificados. En consecuencia, como un siguiente paso, se procederá a utilizar los cromóforos sintetizados en reacciones de acoplamiento con compuestos macrocíclicos para preparar los potenciales quimiosensores.
Abandono en estudiantes de la carrera en Enseñanza de la Matemática de la UNA, cohorte 2017. Descripción de sus principales características sociodemográficas y académicas.
Authors: Zamora Araya José Andrey
Published: July 2019

El abandono escolar es una problemática que no puede ser ignorada en las instituciones de educación superior. El objetivo del documento es describir las principales características de la cohorte de estudiantes que ingresaron a la carrera de Bachillerato y Licenciatura en la Enseñanza de la Matemática (BLEM) en el año 2017 relacionadas con el abandono. Mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a los estudiantes del BLEM se recolectó información sobre variables sociodemográficas y la coordinación de la carrera facilitó datos sobre rendimiento académico en los cursos del nuevo plan. Posteriormente, se realizaron entrevistas telefónicas a los estudiantes que abandonaron para conocer las razones que motivaron su decisión. Los resultados muestran que provenir de una zona rural, tener padres con bajo nivel educativo, problemas económicos, falta de vocación, bajo rendimiento académico y ser hombre son las principales características asociadas con el fenómeno.
Estudio preliminar sobre la presencia de enfermedades en enjambres de abejas africanizadas (Apis mellifera) en diferentes zonas de Costa Rica
Authors: Calderón Rafael A. , Padilla Sergio , Ramírez Marianyela
Published: July 2019

Se estudió la presencia de enfermedades en 34 enjambres de abejas africanizadas, recientemente establecidos en diferentes zonas de Costa Rica. De cada enjambre, se colectaron aproximadamente 100 abejas adultas de la cámara de cría (interior),
en un frasco plástico de boca ancha. A cada muestra se le adicionó alcohol al 70 %, de manera que las abejas quedaran cubiertas, con la finalidad de conservarlas para su posterior análisis. Las muestras de abejas se analizaron en el Laboratorio de
Patología Apícola del Centro de Investigaciones Apícolas Tropicales (CINAT-UNA), donde se realizó diagnóstico de varroosis, nosemiasis y acariosis. Con base en el estudio realizado, se debe indicar la presencia de varroosis y nosemiasis en enjambres
de abejas africanizadas recién constituidos, así como la ausencia de acariosis. En el 41.0 % de las muestras positivas a Varroa, se detectó un nivel de infestación leve, con un promedio de 2.0 ± 0.05 (ácaros/100 abejas); mientras que solamente en un
6.0 % de las muestras positivas el nivel de infestación fue fuerte. Por otro lado, en el 26.0 % de las muestras positivas a Nosema spp., se determinó un nivel de infección muy leve, mientras que el 18.0 % mostró uno leve. No se detectaron niveles de
infección moderados ni fuertes de Nosema spp. Por lo anterior y debido a que la mayoría de los productores captura e introduce los enjambres directamente al apiario, se recomienda cuarentenar y realizar diagnóstico de laboratorio, para conocer la
situación sanitaria. Lo dicho permitirá tomar acciones inmediatas relacionadas con el control de enfermedades y, de esta manera, prevenir el contagio de colmenas sanas en el apiario.
Efecto de la quercetina sobre la tasa de desarrollo y la viabilidad de embriones bovinos producidos in vitro
Authors: Maturana Diana , Gómez O. Jorge , Restrepo B. Giovanni
Published: July 2019

Las tasas de desarrollo y la calidad de los embriones bovinos producidos in vitro son menores que los producidos in vivo, debido al estrés oxidativo al que son sometidos durante su manipulación y las condiciones de cultivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la producción, la celularidad y la vitalidad de los blastocistos bovinos producidos in vitro con diferentes concentraciones de quercetina. Un total de 2108 oocitos fueron madurados in vitro en medio 199 con 10% de SFB, 5.0 μg/ml de LH y 0.5 μg/ml de FSH. La fertilización se realizó en medio TALP con 2x106 espermatozoides/ml. Los posibles cigotos fueron cultivados a 38.7 °C con 5% de CO2 en medio de cultivo SOF suplementado con seis concentraciones de quercetina (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 µM) y como controles se utilizaron el medio SOF sin quercetina y suplementado con DMSO. Se determinaron las tasas de clivaje (día 2) y blastocistos (día 7), así como la celularidad y la viabilidad celular de los blastocistos. Se realizó un análisis de varianza y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey. Los tratamientos con 1 y 5 µM de quercetina fueron superiores para la tasa de blastocistos (p<0.05). Se observó una reducción en la tasa de clivaje, la tasa de blastocistos y la viabilidad celular para 20 y 50 µM, y se encontró una disminución en la celularidad para 15 µM. La quercetina utilizada a bajas concentraciones durante el cultivo in vitro de embriones bovinos produce un incremento en la tasa de blastocistos, mientras que el uso altas concentraciones de quercetina genera efectos deletéreos en los embriones bovinos.
Epidendrum suinii (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) un nuevo registro para la flora peruana
Authors: Gutierrez Harol , Castañeda Roxana , Nauray William
Published: July 2019

Reportamos por primera vez la presencia de Epidendrum suinii Hágsater & Dodson (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) para Perú basada en colectas de la región San Martín (parte septentrional - oriental del territorio peruano). Incluimos una clave que permite diferenciar las especies de Epidendrum del grupo Cuchibambae que habitan en Perú.
La paloma picazuró Patagioenas picazuro (Aves: Columbidae), primer registro confirmado para Perú
Authors: Ugarte Mauricio
Published: July 2019

En el presente trabajo se da a conocer el avistamiento de un individuo de la paloma picazuró, Patagioenas picazuro en la Reserva Ecológica Taricaya en la zona de amortiguamiento de la Reserva Nacional Tambopata a 26 kilómetros al noreste de la ciudad de Puerto Maldonado en el margen derecho del río Madre de Dios, provincia de Tambopata, departamento de Madre de Dios. Esta observación corresponde al primer registro confirmado para Perú como una especie errante. Es probable que la expansión de esta especie se deba a la deforestación e incremento de zonas de cultivo en la zona.
Cognitive and Behavioral Impact on Children Exposed to Opioids During Pregnancy
Authors: Larson Justine J. , Graham Devon L. , Singer Lynn T. , Beckwith Anna M. , Terplan Mishka , Davis Jonathan M. , Martinez Juan , Bada Henrietta S.
Published: July 2019

The developmental impact of opioid use during pregnancy is a subject of ongoing debate. Short-term neonatal outcomes, such as lower birth weight and neonatal abstinence syndrome, are the most well-recognized outcomes. However, knowledge gaps exist regarding longer-term neurocognitive and mental health outcomes. In this article, we summarize an expert panel discussion that was held in April 2018 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and attended by national experts in the field of perinatal opioid exposure and its impact on child development. Despite the challenges with research in this area, there is emerging literature revealing an association between neonates exposed to opioids in utero and longer-term adverse neurocognitive, behavioral, and developmental outcomes. Although adverse sequalae may not be apparent in the neonatal period, they may become more salient as children develop and reach preschool and school age. Multiple variables (genetic, environmental, and biological) result in a highly complex picture. The next steps and strategies to support families impacted by opioid use disorder are explored. Model programs are also considered, including integrated care for the child and mother, parenting supports, and augmentations to home visiting.
Universo peticionário do exílio espanhol: as cartas de súplicas na perspectiva da História Social e da Cultura Escrita
Authors: Ermel Tatiane De Freitas
Published: July 2019

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Repertório de protesto indígena: análise histórica a partir das mobilizações dos povos de Cauca (Colômbia)
Authors: Ibarra Elizabeth Del Socorro Ruano
Published: July 2019

Por meio de uma análise da Minga, protesto realizado em 2008, este estudo visa problematizar o repertório indígena nas mobilizações indígenas contemporâneas em Cauca, na Colômbia. Em diálogo com o debate acadêmico, que destaca a dimensão política dessas mobilizações, se revisaram fontes documentais, observaram algumas manifestações indígenas e realizaram entrevistas com lideranças desses protestos. O trabalho revelou que historicidade e territorialidade são categorias centrais desse repertório. Os discursos colocam em evidência disputas políticas por legitimidade tanto das reivindicações quanto dos mecanismos estatais de contenção.
Desarrollismo, franquismo y neohispanidad a un lado y otro del Atlántico. Diálogos necesarios entre España, Argentina, Portugal, Brasil y Chile.
Authors: Álvarez Gonzalo Pérez
Published: July 2019

*** Desenvolvimentismo, franquismo e neohispanidade em ambos os lados do Atlântico. Diálogos necessários entre Espanha, Argentina, Portugal, Brasil e Chile. ***
Política amerindia en Buenos Aires. La marcha de contra-festejo del 12 de octubre como construcción cronotrópica
Authors: Mardones Pablo
Published: July 2019

A partir de una investigación desarrollada entre 2008 y 2014, argumento que el proceso de debate generado sobre 1992 –año en que se conmemorara los cinco siglos del “descubrimiento” de América– tuvo como resultado la reapropiación simbólica del día en que Cristobal Colón habría llegado al Caribe, fomentando la cristalización de demandas amerindias históricas. El 12 de octubre devino un día de reflexión, protesta, reivindicación, manifestación y contra-festejo. A través de participación observante desde la interpretación musical, complementada con realización de entrevistas, sugiero que en Buenos Aires –ciudad imaginada como un enclave europeo– este proceso derivó en la instauración de una marcha que se establece y manifiesta de manera cronotrópica: evento significativo del pasado evocado en el presente con fines políticos. Se trata de la única marcha anual en el país protagonizada por amerindios –tanto extranjeros como nacionales–, así como conducida en “clave festiva” por músicos a semejanza de los pasacalles festivos en los Andes centrales. En este escenario, la música de siku (zampoña o flauta de pan centro-andina), se constituye en la banda sonora de la construcción política amerindia en la ciudad, fortaleciendo vínculos entre comunidades de migrantes, así como de nativos atraídos por dinámicas de reivindicación regional. *** Política ameríndia em Buenos Aires. A marcha de contracelebração do 12 de outubro como construção cronotrópica ***A partir de pesquisas realizadas entre 2008 e 2014, defendo que o debate gerado em 1992 – o ano em que os cinco séculos da “descoberta” da América foram comemorados – resultou na reapropriação simbólica do dia em que Cristóvão Colombo teria chegado ao Caribe, fomentando a cristalização de demandas históricas ameríndias. O 12 de outubro tornou-se um dia de reflexão, protesto, reivindicação, manifestação e contracelebração. Através da participação observante da interpretação musical, complementada com a realização de entrevistas, sugiro que, em Buenos Aires – uma cidade imaginada como um enclave europeu –, esse processo levou ao estabelecimento de uma marcha que se manifesta cronotrópicamente: significando a evocação do passado evocado para fins políticos. É a única marcha anual no país liderada por ameríndios – tanto estrangeiros quanto nacionais –, bem como conduzida com “caráter festivo” por músicos, a semelhança do que ocorre nos desfiles festivos nos Andes centrais. Neste cenário, a música de siku (“zampoña”, ou “flauta de pão” centro-andino), é a trilha sonora da construção política ameríndia na cidade, fortalecendo as ligações entre as comunidades migrantes, assim como os nativos atraídos pela dinâmica da reivindicação regional.Palavras-chave: Ameríndios. Contracelebração. Siku. Cronotropia. Pasacalles. Buenos Aires.
Más allá de la pluma censora: las zonas grises en torno a la censura literaria durante el Primer Franquismo
Authors: Grecco Gabriela De Lima
Published: July 2019

Este artículo se propone analizar la censura literaria durante el Primer Franquismo a través del análisis de la legislación creada sobre el tema en cuestión y de las diversas facetas del proceso censor, así como de los actores allí involucrados. Para ello, se pretende reflexionar sobre las zonas grises en el proceso censor, a través de una mirada que complejice el “diálogo” que se dio entre censor-escritor y las estrategias desarrolladas por los literatos que buscaban “burlar” la censura. Con todo ello, se pretende ofrecer un modelo más completo que identifique los matices del “poder” censorio y su relación con los escritores y lectores. La investigación fue realizada, fundamentalmente, en el Archivo General de la Administración (AGA) y en la Fundación Pública Gallega Camilo José Cela (FPGCJC). *** Além do lápis censor: as zonas cinzentas em torno da censura literária durante o Primeiro Franquismo ***Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a censura literária durante o “Primeiro Franquismo” através da análise da legislação criada sobre o tema em questão e as diferentes facetas do processo de censura, bem como os atores envolvidos. Para isso, pretende-se refletir sobre as zonas cinzentas do processo de censura, a partir de uma visão complexa em relação ao “diálogo” que se dá entre o censor-escritor e as estratégias desenvolvidas pelos escritores, os quais buscavam “burlar” a censura. Com tudo isso, pretende-se oferecer um modelo mais completo que identifique as nuances do poder da censura e sua relação com escritores e leitores. A pesquisa foi realizada, fundamentalmente, no Archivo General de laAdministración (AGA) e na Fundación Pública Gallega Camilo José Cela (FPGCJC).Palavras-chave: Censura. Franquismo. Literatura. Negociação.