bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Alternative Method to Evaluate Resistance to Pear Scab (Venturia nashicola)
Authors: Won Kyungho , Choi Eu Ddeum , Kim Keumsun , Jung Hae Won , Shin Il Sheob , Hong Seongsig , Segonzac Cécile , Kim Young Jin
Published: March 2023

Two pear cultivars with different degrees of resistance to Venturia nashicola were evaluated on the basis of a disease severity rating for pear scab resistance under controlled environmental condition. Two inoculation techniques were tested: the procedure for inoculation by dropping conidia suspension of V. nashicola; the procedure by deposition of agar plug on the abaxial surface of pear leaves. All tested cultivars resulted in blight symptoms on the inoculated leaves and became spread to uninoculated region or other leaves. Although both methods provide satisfactory infection of V. nashicola on pear leaves, the mycelial plug method of inoculation was more reliable than the spray inoculation method for the evaluation of pear scab disease resistance. The incubation period of V. nashicola in the resistant pear cultivar, Greensis was longer than that in the susceptible cultivar, Hwasan.
Defense Inducer Compounds Up-regulated the Peroxidase, Polyphenol Oxidase, and Total Phenol Activities against Spot Blotch Disease of Wheat
Authors: Kumari Puja , Azad Chandrashekhar , Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Kumari Jyoti , Aditya Kumar , Kumar Amarendra
Published: March 2023

Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem is considered as an economically important disease which affects all the growing stages of wheat crop. Therefore, it is important to search some effective management strategies against the spot blotch pathogen. Some synthetic elicitor compounds (salicylic acid, isonicotinic acid, and chitosan) and nano-particles (silver and aluminum) were tested against the pathogen to observe the change in biochemical activity and defense action of wheat plant against spot blotch disease. All the tested elicitor compounds and nano-particles showed a significant increase in activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and total phenol over control. The highest increase in activity of peroxidase was recorded at 72 h from chitosan at 2 mM and 96 h from silver nano-particle at 100 ppm. Maximum PPO and total phenol activity were recorded from chitosan at 2 mM and silver nano-particle at 100 ppm as compared to pathogen-treated and healthy control. The lowest percent disease index, lowest no. of spots/leaf, and no. of infected leaves/plant were found in silver nano-particle at 100 ppm and chitosan at 2 mM, respectively. The use of defense inducer compounds results in significantly up-regulated enzymatic activity and reduced spot blotch disease. Therefore, chitosan and silver nano-particle could be used as alternative methods for the management of spot blotch disease.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus from Melon in 2020 in Chungbuk, Korea
Authors: Jin Taemin , Kwak Hae-Ryun , Choi Hong-Soo , Cha Byeongjin , Han Jong-Woo , Kim Mikyeong
Published: March 2023

Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) is a plant virus that causes damage to cucurbit crops such as watermelon and cucumber, and is transmitted by an insect vector known as the whitefly. Since CCYV was first detected on cucumber in Chungbuk in 2018, it has been reported in other areas including Gyeongsang in Korea. In 2020, we performed field surveys of yellowing diseases in the greenhouses growing melon and watermelon in Chungbuk (Jincheon and Eumseong). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of 79 collected samples including melon, watermelon, and weeds resulted in detection of CCYV in 4 samples: Three samples were singly infected with CCYV and one samples was mixed infected with CCYV, Cucurbit aphid borne yellows virus, and Watermelon mosaic virus. The complete genome sequences of the four collected CCYV melon isolates (ES 1–ES 4) were determined and genetically compared with those of previously reported CCYV isolates retrieved from GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses of RNA 1 and 2 sequences revealed that four ES isolates were clustered in one group and closely related to the CCYV isolates from China. The analysis also revealed very low genetic diversity among the CCYV ES isolates. In general, CCYV isolates showed little genetic diversity, regardless of host or geographic origins. CCYV has the potential to pose a serious threat to melon, watermelon, and cucumber production in Korea. Further studies are needed to examine the pathogenicity and transmissibility of CCYV in weeds and other cucurbits including watermelon.
Reduced Tomato Bacterial Wilt by Ferrous Chloride Application
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ji , Kim Su Min , Kim Yeon Hwa , Park Jeong Hoon , Kang Dong Ki , Yun Jae Gill , Shin Ryoung , Hong Jeum Kyu
Published: March 2023

Exogenous ferrous chloride (FeCl2) suppressed in vitro growth of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, causing bacteria for tomato bacterial wilt. More than 50 μM of FeCl2 reduced the in vitro bacterial growth in dosedependent manners. Two to 200 μM of FeCl2 did not affect the fresh weight of detached tomato leaves at 3 and 5 days after the petiole dipping without the bacterial inoculation. The bacterial wilt of the detached tomato leaves was evaluated by inoculating two different inoculum densities of R. pseudosolanacearum (105 and 107 cfu/ml) in the presence of FeCl2. Bacterial wilt in the detached leaves by 105 cfu/ml was efficiently attenuated by 10–200 μM of FeCl2 at 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi), but bacterial wilt by 107 cfu/ml was only reduced by 200 μM of FeCl2 at 3 and 5 dpi. These results suggest that iron nutrients can be included in the integrated disease management of tomato bacterial wilt.
Development of Local Wisdom-Based Science Learning Innovation to Promote Creative Problem-solving Skill: Case Study Chessboard Game of Mueang Kung Pottery, Chiang Mai
Authors: Chaijalearn Yuttana , Ratchawet Anodar , Sappan Patcharee , Thanaparn Nonthikarn , Kaensongsai Jessada , Intharawiset Thanin
Published: March 2023

The research aimed to 1) study science knowledge in local wisdom of Mueang Kung pottery, Chiang Mai province, 2) develop local wisdom-based science learning innovation to promote creative problem-solving skills, and 3) study satisfaction levels of students to local wisdom-based science learning innovation to promote creative problem-solving skills. The research was action research. The sample in the research consisted of: 1) one village scholar of Mueang Kung village, Hang Dong district, Chiang Mai province; 2) experts of local wisdom learning management accounting for 3 people; and 3) third-year students of Chemistry Departments and fourth-year students of Faculty of Education, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University for the academic year of 2020 accounting for 15 people. Purposive sampling was used. The study results revealed that: 1) From the study on scientific knowledge in local wisdom of Mueang Kung pottery, Chiang Mai province, it was found that in the process of producing Baan Mueang Kung pottery of Chiang Mai province, scientific knowledge has been used to be integrated to develop quality pottery. The knowledge found in the community can be used to design local wisdom-based science learning innovation to promote creative problem-solving skills. 2) From developing local wisdom-based science learning innovation to promote creative problem-solving skills, it was found that the learning innovation developed in the form of Splendor Board Game with components, namely (1) cards in various forms, (2) the board for playing the Board Game and (3) rules of playing and there were results of assessing efficiency of the innovation (E1/E2) at the level: 80.22/81.56. This is deemed to have efficiency in implementation for learning. 3) Regarding satisfaction levels of students to local wisdom-based science learning innovation, it was found that the students had satisfaction levels at the highest level.
Student’s perception on teaching and learning methods in pharmacology and changes recommended
Authors: Thaha Firoz , Jose Preetha , J Ambika
Published: March 2023

Background: Understanding the changing trends in medical education technology helps to improve the teaching learning methods for medical graduates which can further help to improve the quality of health-care system. Apart from the conventional methods, several new methods of teaching are being introduced according to the changing medical curriculum. Most of these techniques are well accepted by the medical students.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to collect feedback from the students to understand their perception on teaching and learning methods in the subject of pharmacology.

Materials and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, and questionnaire-based study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology at Government Medical College, Thrissur, during the period 2017–2018. Pre-validated questionnaire was distributed among 2nd-year MBBS students, attending pharmacology classes and responses were collected and analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale.

Results: Major responses from students perspective regarding teaching and learning methods in Pharmacology subject were that learning pharmacology is very important before going to clinics (96.5%), brief description about the clinical scenario is essential before discussing about the drugs (95.5%), knowledge of pharmacy and drug dispensing methods are necessary for patient care (94.5%). Pharmacology should be taught along with clinical subjects (93%) and also problem-based learning and prescriptions are extremely useful in clinics (90.5%).

Conclusion: Regular and systematic feedback from the learners side can significantly improve the quality of medical education and health-care system. Clinically oriented teaching methods can impart more interest in studying Pharmacology.
Long term renal outcome after hypertensive disease during pregnancy: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lee Kwang Hyun , Bae Ji Hye , Lee Jeesun , Jung Young Mi , Park Chan-Wook , Park Joong Shin , Jun Jong Kwan , Cho Geum Joon , Lee Seung Mi
Published: March 2023

Objective Hypertensive disease during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality and leads to the development of multi-organ dysfunction, including kidney dysfunction. Complicated pregnancies require careful postpartum management to prevent sequelae. It is believed that kidney injury can consistently occur even after delivery; therefore, defining the chronicity and endpoint is essential for establishing diagnostic criteria. However, data on the prevalence of persistent renal complications following hypertensive disease during pregnancy are limited. In this study, we evaluated the risk of developing renal disorders in patients with a history of hypertensive disease during pregnancy.Methods Participants who gave birth between 2009 and 2010 were followed up for 8 years after delivery. The risk of renal disorder development after delivery was determined according to a history of hypertensive disease during pregnancy. Different factors that could affect the course of pregnancy, including age, primiparity, multiple pregnancy, preexisting hypertension, pregestational diabetes, hypertensive disease during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, and cesarean section, were adjusted for using the Cox hazard model.Results Women with hypertension during pregnancy had a higher risk of developing renal disorders after delivery (0.23% vs. 1.38%; P<0.0001). This increased risk remained significant even after adjusting for covariates (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.861; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.400-4.385] and 4.209 [95% CI, 3.643-4.864]; respectively).Conclusion Hypertension during pregnancy can contribute to the development of renal disorders, even after delivery.
Preface: 2nd International Conference on Education Reform, Humanities and Social Studies (ERHSS 2023)
Authors: Zacharias Hermosa , Tan Liqiu
Published: March 2023

The 2023 2nd International Conference on Education Reform, Humanities and Social Studies (ERHSS 2023) was successfully held during January 14-15, 2023 in Qingdao, China. For foreign participants who couldn't attend the conference due to the travel restrictions caused by the spread of the coronavirus infection, a teleconference was organized in one day of the conference weekend. Each participant had 15-20 minutes to present his research. After that, 5-10 minutes were allotted for questions and discussion.

ERHSS 2023 brings together innovative scholars and experts in the fields of education reform and humanities education to a common forum. The main purpose of the conference is to promote research and development activities in education reform and humanities education. Another goal is to promote the exchange of scientific information among researchers, developers, engineers, students and practitioners worldwide. The conference will be held once a year, making it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in education reform and humanities education and related fields.

More than 90 participants took part in ERHSS 2023. Both the participants and the organizers of the conference were satisfied with this event. Presentation of information by the participants virtually did not cause any difficulties. In general, the experience of holding the conference partially in a virtual format was considered positive.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the members of the scientific committee for their enthusiasm and expertise. Our deep thanks also go to many volunteers and staffs for their hard work they have generously given to ERHSS 2023. Finally, we would like to thank all the authors, speakers, reviewers and participants for their great contributions.

With best regards,

ERHSS 2023 Organizing Committees

Qingdao, China
Comparison of Beethoven's 32 Variations in C Minor
Authors: Wu Di
Published: March 2023

This article selects the recordings of Beethoven's "32 Variations in C Minor" performed by 4 world-renowned pianists as a sample. The whole work is considered from the overall performance style to the specific details. And this article compares and analyzes it from the aspects of speed, strength, rhythm and so on. The aim is to help people learn and interpret this work better.
The Impact of Communication Mode of Public Policy Towards the Public Cognition
Authors: Ran Qingjian
Published: March 2023

In the current period, with the popularization of the Internet, more and more official media and individual media appear, and their reports and interpretations of policies have different impacts on people. This paper analyses three existing communication modes’ (the traditional communication mode, the internet communication mode as well as the combination of traditional and internet communication) characteristics to find out their positive and negative effects on public policy. This paper found out that these communication modes can help people approach the policy easily and understand certain policies deeply. But these communication modes can lead to some negative effects on public policy, such as the nondeterminacy of a message spread, the loss of part of people’s opinion who does not use the internet, some official website updates slowly compared with new media, and the lack of supervision of media. This paper puts forward some feasible suggestions for the government and media platforms.
Analysis of the Transformation of Bilibili Video Content from the Perspective of Communication
Authors: Zhang Shijia
Published: March 2023

In today's extremely developed Internet, Bilibili has changed from a niche website to a mainstream media. This paper takes the content transformation in the transformation process of Bilibili as the main research object. It analyzes the content partition change, user growth and "broken circle" publicity according to the content partition data, form change and user portrait in its transformation and development. The results show that the content of Bilibili has gradually become mainstream and ubiquitous. Among them, Generation Z users still occupy a high proportion of users, and Bilibili also makes good use of this user’s feature. The New Year party, live broadcast business and homemade programs have achieved remarkable results. At the same time, during the transformation of Bilibili, problems such as high-profit pressure, reduced user stickiness, and difficulty in supervising the infringement of secondary creative content also emerged. Taking Bilibili as the research object, the research on its transformation from a single-style video website to a social media has reference significance for other domestic video websites.
A Study on the Operating Mechanism of Masculinity from the Perspective of Patriarchy through the Theory of Misogyny
Authors: Yang Yuqing
Published: March 2023

The proposal to prevent the feminization of young men has caused a great deal of controversy on social media. With endless and heated discussions about "masculinity", more and more people are beginning to reflect on the logic behind "masculinity" from a patriarchal perspective. However, at present, the research in the field of masculinity is rarely combined with feminist theory and rarely from the perspective of feminism. Therefore, this paper uses theoretical analysis methods through the theory of misogyny to deconstruct traditional masculinity, to analyze the operating mechanism of masculinity from the perspective of a patriarchal society, and to put forward suggestions on how to escape from the trap of masculinity. The study found that under the operation of masculinity norms, gender discrimination has had a reasonable foundation, the logic of misogyny has been strengthened, and the ruling order of patriarchal society has been further consolidated; the prevalence of masculinity in society has led to the extreme of advocating force and violence. Therefore, breaking the mechanism of masculinity requires individuals to have a clear awareness and profound understanding of the logic of misogyny.
Getting Rid of Male Gaze Gradually: Exploring the Development of Feminism from ELLE Magazine
Authors: He Ying
Published: March 2023

In order to focus on women's fashion and lifestyle, a Frenchwoman named Helene Lazareff started ELLE magazine in 1945. After 50 years, ELLE has evolved from a fashion publication to a global fashion brand. Most notably, the ELLE brand process incorporates gender equality as a major theme. In this publication, women from varied backgrounds continue to express how they have defined men and their own social standing throughout history, as well as how they see femininity and masculinity now. Through a comparative analysis of images on magazine covers from the 20th and 21st centuries and theoretical knowledge of the male gaze, this paper finds that the development of the female gaze contributed to the rise in male models, that changes in clothing styles and brands reflected the emergence of women's sense of self, and that a variety of poses allowed women to present themselves bravely. Combined with such arguments, the paper concludes that feminism is developing rapidly, reflected on the covers of ELLE magazines, as women are gradually getting rid of the male gaze. Besides, based on the additional risks that come with advancing times, there are still many obstacles in the path of feminism challenging current feminists and females, which need them to make more efforts to overcome.
Feminist Perspective on Housewife Causes and Policy Protection
Authors: Zhang Siran
Published: March 2023

Feminism is preoccupied with the structural inequalities of all women, particularly housewives. This essay will focus on the causes of housewives and policy protection in an effort to improve the status of gender discrimination. A substantial body of evidence and theory reveals that housewives are disadvantaged in economic, social, and the majority of other power structures, as well as in patriarchal partnerships in general. By monitoring and evaluating the development and predicament of housewives, this article will learn the history of policy protection behind housewives and the structure of marriage they live in, as well as the policy contradiction matching this history. Consequently, this paper argues that this policy contradiction is essentially an inequality in the perception of housewives' careers that develops as a result of discrimination against women. As a result, the concept of public policy design must be revised and the policy reconstructed from the standpoint of the policy support system for housewives' career development.
Injury Accidents and Precaution Measures in Schools
Authors: Li Wenwen
Published: March 2023

The healthy growth of young children is of great significance to social harmony and family happiness. Although all parties in the society have paid more attention to kindergarten injury accidents, accidents frequently occur in the kindergarten, which seriously affect the physical and mental development of young children. In order to provide a good growth environment for young children, the author analyzes the causes of kindergarten injury accidents and proposes several safety management strategies.
The Analysis of the Differences between On-screen Portrayals and Realistic Characters of Autism Spectrum Disorder - Take the Example of The Good Doctor in the U.S.
Authors: Zhang Xuan
Published: March 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent mental disease, but most people do not have enough interaction with individuals on the autism spectrum; they may learn about it through other resources like movies and television shows. Therefore, it is essential to ensure the veracity of ASD character portrayals on screen. Many previous researchers have analyzed the details of the representation of ASD in popular culture, but academic articles focusing only on a particular TV series are scarce. Thus, this research aims to analyze the differences between on-screen portrayals and realistic characters of ASD from the case study of The Good Doctor, which is popular in many countries. This study first records the specifics of ASD portrayals in this television series, then compares them to the DSM-5 criteria for ASD, determines whether these depictions can influence people's understanding, and concludes with suggestions for the depiction of ASD characters in film and TV. The results show that in The Good Doctor, ASD characters frequently tend to be highlighted savant skills and simultaneously represent the four symptoms of the second diagnostic criteria for ASD in DSM-5; besides, specific plot strands like unfortunate experiences tend to be set up. Therefore, to solve these problems, autistic characters can be included in some long-running and popular TV series to influence the public's views sustainably. More incidental ASD characters could also be encouraged to appear on screen to provide various characteristics of ASD. Besides, competent educators can also assist people in viewing these dramas in educational settings.
Research Report on Students' Behavior and Psychological Condition under the "Double Reduction" Policy
Authors: Hao Wenrui , Liu Ruicheng , Ma Bangting , Pu Junru
Published: March 2023

While the implementation of the "double reduction" policy has brought about some changes in the lives of Chinese students, much of the extant literature focuses on explaining the concept of the "double reduction" policy itself and examining psychological anxiety at the parental level, with very little mention of the relationship between the "double reduction" policy and the psychological state of students. The relationship between the "double reduction" policy and students' psychological state is rarely mentioned. This study analyses the relationship between the policy, students' negative emotions and behaviour by investigating the current situation and changes in students' behaviour and psychology after the “double reduction”. The authors concluded that extra-curricular activities (school-related) were not significantly correlated with students' anxiety levels, while extra-curricular activities (school-unrelated), extra-curricular practical activities and exam stress were each more strongly correlated with students' anxiety levels. There was also a strong correlation between students' anxiety levels and students' maladaptive behaviour.
A Comparative Study on the Most Popular Music Teaching Approaches since 20th Century: the Orff, Kodály, and Suzuki
Authors: Li Yilin
Published: March 2023

Music teaching approaches are systematic teaching methods music educator use in music classrooms. The famous ones are the Orff approach, the Kodály approach, the Suzuki approach, and the Dalcroze approach. This article looks at the Orff approach, the Kodály approach, and the Suzuki approach in depth, starting with a brief review of each approach, followed by the comparison of the three from aspects of Zone of Proximal Development theory, movements, speech and language, team-work and cooperation, process of music learning, and specialties. Both the positive and negative implementations are provided from the point view of students and families, and teachers.
The N-word: the Necessity of Prohibiting it
Authors: Jiang Yidan
Published: March 2023

The main point of this paper is to help readers to decide whether people should allow the n-word to become prevalent in public. The behavior of speaking the n-word, consciously or unconsciously, might be treated as racial discrimination, and thus people who utilize it might be considered a racist, as the n-word could not be detached from the social context that generalized it. However, a few people began to consider its culture and historical values. By using this format, a speaker can create an identity that demonstrates knowledge of African American history as well as a practical understanding of the nature and significance of the diaspora experience. The form of the n-word has been changing over time, which means the public gradually endeavored to accept this word. Those scholars suggested that there should be less tragedy, in which case people, Caucasians in particular, could not defray the cost of mentioning the n-word (such as losing jobs, online violence), and it has proven somewhat effective in spreading a variety of attitudes related to its fundamental meaning, including solidarity, a provocative voice for equality.
The Independence of Princess Images in Frozen and Princess Animated Films Series of Disney
Authors: Miao Qingyang
Published: March 2023

Social gender theory is proposed to distinguish biological sex, which holds that gender is not just born but acquired through psychological, cultural, and social norms and more. Nowadays, scholars generally study the issues of communication and gender from the perspective of social gender. The Disney Frozen and Princess series of animated films has created 14 princesses with different images and styles in 80 years, from 1937 to 2017. The inner characters of the women in the films are influenced by the environment and ideology of The Times to a certain extent. Based on gender theory, nine princesses were randomly selected from 14 princesses in 13 Disney officially recognized princess films and Frozen as research objects, and the independent characteristics of princess characters were coded and analyzed by using the content analysis method to explore the main reasons for the change. The research finds that, with the development of the times, the princesses in the Disney princess animation series gradually show more independent characteristics in personalities. Moreover, the main reasons for the differences and changes in these princesses are the changes in social culture.
Typical problems of unqualified theses of engineering master: Analysis based on expert review opinions of Tianjin's sampling theses in 2017
Authors: Gao Yao , Wang Jie , Sun Bingchang , Jiang Yuchen
Published: March 2023

Background: The evaluation of the quality of professional master's degree theses has attracted less attention. This paper analyzes the content based on the expert review opinions of the engineering sampling theses in Tianjin in 2017. Methods: This paper focuses on the review opinions of unqualified theses, and extracts three core characteristics of unqualified theses: lack of innovativeness, academic inadequacy, and poor standardization. Results: Lacking in innovativeness means topics, method, and applied value are outdated. Academic inadequacy means the author does not possess adequate knowledge, does not pay sufficient intellectual effort and the dissertation's design is unreasonable with the content irrelevant to the subject. Poor standardization is manifested in poor writing, inappropriate disciplinary paradigm, and academic misconduct. Conclusions: Therefore, strictly monitoring the quality of theses from the system, setting up standardized courses for theses, and improving the academic quality of graduate students have become the priority to the cultivation of engineering masters.
Ten Years Since Nirbhaya: A Critical Analysis of Retributive Justice in Addressing Sexual Violence
Authors: Jain Garima , Mishra Ankita
Published: March 2023

Following the infamous Nirbhaya gang rape incident in December, 2012, a host of rape law reforms were introduced in India, including stringent punishment and death penalty under the Criminal Law Amendment Act and Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act. This article questions the effectiveness of such punitive measures in dealing with sexual violence. While, the legislative reforms offer tougher sentencing, they place less emphasis on victims’ rights and also tend to ignore the social context in which sexual violence occurs. The present paper offers the critique of punitive populism of the legislation through four discourses: Rape as ‘loss of honour’, Rapists as a ‘monster’ syndrome, Perspectives of victimsurvivors and Retributive justice and marginalised identities. By exploring victim-survivors’ participation, restorative and transformational practices and acknowledging the larger socio-cultural context in which sexual violence takes place, this article sheds light on a range of strategies to address sexual violence from the perspectives of victims.
Forgotten Victims: Understanding the Victimisation Vulnerability of the Homeless
Authors: Pophaim Jean-Paul
Published: March 2023

Having undergone a radical political transformation from apartheid to democracy, South Africa is commonly seen as having one of the most intriguing transformation stories in the world. Furthermore, it is often suggested that the aftershock of apartheid has forced many individuals to the periphery of society. The homeless form part of those burdened by the past and as a result are often confronted by adversity. Existing literature as well as various victimological perspectives indicate that the homeless are prone to high rates of violence and victimisation. As a result of their exposure and high levels of vulnerability, the homeless often find themselves in unfavourable conditions, often typified by inherently dangerous people, places and situations. A study exploring the experiences of victimisation of the homeless - guided by a qualitative methodological approach - identified various victimogenic risk factors such as childhood adversity, a devalued social status, the use/abuse of alcohol and narcotics, and conditions associated with psychological and physical well-being, which could potentially prove useful in explaining the victimisation vulnerability of members of this vulnerable population. It is therefore important to assess these factors, to generate a better understanding of this complex phenomenon, thereby increasing the level of sensitivity around the plight of the homeless victim – which will in turn not only acknowledge their role as victims but also better inform and improve the victim assistance measures created and offered.
Editor’s Note
Authors: Sahni Sanjeev P.
Published: March 2023

No Abstract.
Characterization of Banana Fibers Extracted with Pectinase from Staphylococcus sciuri
Authors: Sharma Sonia , Wadhwa Neeraj
Published: March 2023

Various methods of isolating cellulosic fibers from banana pseudo-stems including mechanical extraction, steam release, steam release combined with chemical treatment, and an enzymatic method with pectinase from Staphylococcus sciuri, were performed. The fibers were produced by all the methods and characterized. In this work, we report on the breaking tenacity, breaking strength, fiber length, diameter, toughness, and linear density of enzyme-retted fiber. Banana cellulose fiber isolated by the enzymatic retting procedure was comparable in physical properties to cotton fiber and was also shown by FTIR analysis to contain cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. The banana cellulose fibers had the following characteristics: linear density of 161.81 denier, breaking tenacity of 38.50 g/tex, elongation of 4.03%, fiber diameter of 127.02 m, and fiber length of 191.68 mm.
Estimating the Mean of PM2.5 with Missing Data in the Area Around Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand Using the Improved Compromised Imputation Method
Authors: Dachochaiporn Tanart , Chodjuntug Kanisa
Published: March 2023

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 m or , is one of the air pollutants that has been found to be at unsafe levels for a number of years in Thailand, leading to public health concerns. In order to lessen the detrimental effects of air pollution, monitoring and analysis of concentration are crucial. Following the study of data from the Pollution Control Department Report in the area around the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand in January 2019, it was found that there was data missing in the information. It is well-known that missing data can reduce the accuracy of data analysis. To solve the missing data problem, this paper proposes an improved method of compromised imputation and a corresponding resultant estimator to deal with estimating the mean of concentrations in the area. The bias and mean square error of the estimator obtained from the proposed method were derived. The conditions which favor the performance of our estimator over other estimators obtained from the mean, ratio, and compromised imputation methods were obtained using mean square error to apply in the area. The mean of concentrations in this case using the proposed estimator was equal to 47.13 g/m3, indicating that it did not exceed unsafe levels (<50 g/m3) under certain conditions. In order to support more accurate data analysis that will lead to effective management of air pollution problems in the future, this research proposes a new method that is more effective than the existing methods under missing data problem.
PAISAGENS biogeocorpográficas Visuais
Authors: Bessa-Oliveira Marcos Antônio
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho é um misto de discussões: 1) um debate crítico considerando como ponto de partida parte da ementa de um evento que participei em 2013: o colóquio temático “Outras linguagens geográficas”, para o qual fui convidado a participar como expositor (nos eventos XXI Encontro Sul-Mato-Grossense de Geógrafos / V Encontro Regional de Geografia na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – em conjunto com a Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul e com a Associação dos Geógrafos Brasileiros (Seção Dourados) –, com o tema “O chão é um ensino”: teorias e voos da criação), que indicava que a minha reflexão crítica sobre “linguagem pictórica” é entendida como “estudos e pesquisas sobre as possibilidades de produção do conhecimento geográfico a partir de linguagens consideradas “não científicas” [...]”. Avaliando essa hipótese, não vou propor pensar a produção artístico-plástica de Mato Grosso do Sul como ciência, mas a “linguagem pictórica” local (tanto na teoria, quanto nas práticas artística e pedagógica) como outra episteme crítica: “paisagens biogeocorpográficas visuais” para entender o local. Quero dizer com isso que alguns aspectos já consagrados na cultura artística sul-mato-grossense serão fundamentais para a reflexão: a) (re)visão da inscrição da produção artística sul-mato-grossense num lugar geoistórico particular; b) o Estado como lócus cultural geográfico específico – de fronteiras internacionais; limites nacionais; “multiplicidade” cultural; transitoriedade de sujeitos e identidades culturais; abundância de produções artísticas e “artistas” locais; o Estado-nação como o maior patrocinador cultural etc -; c) a história da História da Arte como a única leitura crítica das produções locais; e d) alguns artistas como propositores biogeovisuais com suas especificidades corpográficas das paisagens locais. 2) quero evidenciar que este texto antes apresentado/publicado (2013) já era o início de uma discussão e constituição da episteme biogeocorpográfica fronteiriça como tenho evidenciado nos últimos anos. Pois, amparado na crítica biogeográfica fronteiriça, como pensamento descolonial e em teóricos de outras “ciências” das humanidades é que posso falar em estética outra epistêmica para pensar as produções culturais locais por fora de conceitos, histórias e formulações crítico-discursivas globais.
CORPO-PAISAGEM BIOGEOGRÁFICO:
Authors: Noronha Marina Maura de Oliveira , Nolasco Edgar Cézar
Published: March 2023

Pensar em corpo, a partir de corpo epistêmico fronteiriço, justifica-se refletir acerca de uma epistemologia outra descolonial, diferente dos discursos hegemônicos/modernos, os quais geram cultura e conhecimentos de suas diferenças coloniais. Assim, a proposta basilar deste trabalho, o qual dá-se atravessado pela crítica biográfica fronteiriça (NOLASCO, 2013), recai na importância de discutir o corpo-paisagem biogeográfico com suas práticas epistêmicas culturais, levando-se em conta, sobretudo, uma visada traçada pelo conceito de biogeografias (BESSA-OLIVEIRA, 2016), cujos saberes partem de um lócus geoistórico, no que se refere o lócus de onde penso e erijo meu discurso crítico latino. Para tanto, valho-me dos teóricos, tais como Walter Mignolo (2020), Edgar Nolasco (2013), Bessa-Oliveira (2018) e outros que dialoguem com a epistemologia contemplada.
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Authors: Pavan Vitória , Bessa-Oliveira Marcos Antônio
Published: March 2023

O texto apresenta reflexões a partir do pensamento descolonial para propor modos outros de entender a Educação e os processos de ensinos e de aprendizagens de sujeitos/as artistas-docentes-pesquisadores/as (BESSA-OLIVEIRA, 2016) que se reconhecem como produtores/as de arte, de cultura e de conhecimento a partir de seus próprios corpos e experivivências (BESSA-OLIVEIRA, 2019) e, com isso, estão disponíveis para mediações desses processos com seus/suas alunos/as, dialogando um fazer com eles/as e não para eles/as. Paulo Freire (2020) defende que o/a educador/a que pensa certo é o/a que tem consciência/decência de que ensina aprendendo e aprende ensinando, dialogando com o pensamento descolonial, já que ambos pensam em caminhos para uma Educação mais humanitária e construída em conjunto. A inscrição do corpo biogeográfico artista-docente-pesquisador da autora e a proposta de Arte-mediação (SANTOS; BESSA-OLIVEIRA, 2021) potencializam essas propostas dialógicas (Educação, Arte, Freire e a Descolonialidade) para os espaços educacionais com cada vez mais sentidos e significados para os/as presentes em/na situAção.
Hubungan Usia Onset dengan Fungsi Kognitif Pasien Epilepsi di RSUD dr. Soedarso Kota Pontianak, Indonesia
Authors: Khansa Ariesta Nurtria , Laksmi Dewi Dyan Roshinta , Ilmiawan Muhammad In’am
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang: Epilepsi adalah gangguan susunan saraf pusat yang ditandai bangkitan spontan berulang. Salah satu faktor yang dapat memengaruhi fungsi kognitif pasien epilepsi adalah usia saat onset. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara usia saat onset dan fungsi kognitif pasien epilepsi di Poliklinik Saraf RSUD dr.Soedarso Pontianak. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 36 orang. Variabel bebas penelitian adalah usia pasien saat didiagnosis epilepsi, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah fungsi kognitif pasien epilepsi. Hasil: Distribusi pasien epilepsi terbanyak pada golongan usia dewasa muda (usia 18-25 tahun; 30,5%), laki-laki (55,6%), tingkat pendidikan terakhir SMA (44,4%), tidak bekerja (50%), dan belum menikah (52,8%). Kebanyakan onset epilepsi pada usia 19-60 tahun (58,3%), dengan frekuensi bangkitan tidak sering (75%). Sebagian besar pasien teratur minum obat anti-epilepsi (77,8%) dan telah didiagnosis epilepsi selama 15-30 tahun (44,4%). Sebanyak 9 (25%) pasien epilepsi mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif yang nyata dan 17 orang (47,2%) kemungkinan (probable) mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Uji korelasi Kendal tau menghasilkan adanya hubungan antara usia saat onset dan fungsi kognitif (p<0,004). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara usia onset dan fungsi kognitif pada pasien epilepsi di Poliklinik Saraf RSUD dr. Soedarso kota Pontianak.
Background: Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures. Age at onset is one of the factors that may influence cognitive function in epilepsy patients. Aim: To search the relationship between the age at onset and cognitive function among epilepsy patients in the Neurology Polyclinic, dr. Soedarso Regional Hospital, Pontianak City, Indonesia. Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional method. The total subjects were 36 patients. The independent variable was the age of patients at diagnosis, and the dependent variable was cognitive function. Results: Most epilepsy patients were in young adult age (18-25 years; 30.5%), male (55.6%), with high school as the highest level of education (44.4%), unemployed (50%), and not married (52.8%). The onset of epilepsy is mostly at 19 to 60 years old (58.3%), with infrequent seizure frequency (75%). Most patients are regularly taking anti-epileptic drugs (77.8%), and have been diagnosed for 15-30 years (44.4%). A total of 9 (25%) patients experienced a marked decline in cognitive function, and 17 people (47.2%) experienced a probable decline in cognitive function. Kendal tau correlation test resulted in a relationship between the age at onset and cognitive function (p<0.004). Conclusion: There is a relation between the age at onset and cognitive function among epilepsy patients in dr. Soedarso Regional Hospital of Pontianak City.
Peran Diet Ketogenik dalam Tata Laksana Epilepsi
Authors: Saputra Dedyanto Henky
Published: March 2023

Sejak diperkenalkan pertama kali pada awal abad 19, penggunaan diet ketogenik dalam terapi epilepsi terus berkembang, khususnya untuk kasus epilepsi yang refrakter terhadap terapi farmakologi. Berbagai mekanisme terkait peran diet ketogenik dalam memperbaiki kondisi epilepsi telah diajukan, mulai keterlibatannya dalam regulasi GABA dan glutamat, efek antioksidan, perbaikan metabolisme energi, hingga koreksi kondisi disbiosis. Diet ketogenik adalah terapi non-farmakologis epilepsi yang menjanjikan, saat ini telah masuk dalam guideline NICE di Inggris untuk kasus epilepsi anak yang resisten terhadap terapi obat anti-epilepsi.
Since its introduction in the early 19th century, ketogenic diet for the treatment of epilepsy is still being developed, especially for refractory cases. Various mechanisms have been proposed, ranging from its involvement in GABA and glutamate regulation, antioxidant effects, improvement of energy metabolism, to correction of dysbiosis conditions. Ketogenic diet is a promising non-pharmacological therapy for epilepsy; it has been included in UK NICE guidelines for pharmacologically-resistant pediatric epilepsy cases.
Determinant Factors of Malnutrition in Papuan Children Under Five Years: Structural Equation Model Analysis
Authors: Manongga Stefanus P. , Yutomo Lewi
Published: March 2023

Malnutrition is a strategic problem in Indonesia, especially in Papua Province, which extends from urban to rural areas. The purpose of this study was to assess the situation of malnutrition and to find structural models of malnutrition in Papuan children in various ecosystem zones in Papua Province. The study was designed in a cross-sectional manner, where the selection of research sites used a multistage sampling procedure with stratification and cluster techniques. Data collection was done through structured interviews, observations, and field measurements. It used the least significant different test and Kruskal Wallis to determine whether there are differences in related variables between ecosystem zones. To test and assess the impact of malnutrition on child development, Structural Equation Modeling-Regression was used with a partial least squares approach. The results showed that the prevalence of undernourished children under five years old, short-nutrition, thin-nutrition, and fat-nutrition was widespread in all ecosystem zones. Malnutrition in the form of short children or stunting (TB/U) can be directly associated with social environmental factors. In order to minimize the problem of stunting in Papua, it is necessary to take steps, including improving the nutritional status and health of mothers and children, especially pregnant women, increasing access to food through a food-based approach, and intensifying program activities for basic health, environmental health, and clean water supply.
Lactococcus Lactis D4 Starter Fermented Milk’s Effect on Liver Function of Obstructive Jaundice Model
Authors: Anami Hannan Khairu , Rivai M. Iqbal , Suchitra Avit , Irwan Irwan , Suswita Rini , Mitra Juni
Published: March 2023

Obstructive jaundice can cause liver function damage which exacerbates patient morbidity and mortality. Fermented milk starter Lactococcus Lactis D4 derived from dadih is a probiotic that has the potential to improve liver function through the enterohepatic pathway. The research would like to determine the effect of Lactococcus Lactis D4 starter fermented milk on liver function of obstructive jaundice. This study was an experimental study with a post test only randomized control group design in 3 groups of Rattus Novergicus strain Wistar rats with obstructive jaundice model which got ligation of biliary ducts and given Lactococcus lactis D4 starter fermented milk for 7 days. Liver function was assessed by looking at the levels of total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and GGT in each treatment group. Administration of Lactococcus Lactis D4 starter fermented milk caused a decrease in SGOT levels (LDB + BAL vs LDB: 51.12 ± 1.77 U/L vs 64.63 ± 0.10 U/L, p<0.05) and SGPT (LDB + LAB vs LDB: 60.60±0.85 U/L vs 67.77±2.60 U/L, p<0.05) which was significant. However, there was no significant effect on total bilirubin levels (LDB + BAL vs LDB: 3.21±0.11 mg/dl vs 3.18±0.10 mg/dl, p>0.05), ALP (LDB + LAB vs LDB: 108.20 ± 2.78 U/L vs 115.38 ± 5.08 U/L, p>0.05), and GGT (LDB + LAB vs LDB: 12.57 ± 0.45 U/L vs 12.78±0.31 U/L,  p>0.05). Lactococus Lactis D4 starter fermented milk can improve liver function which is indicated by a decrease in SGOT and SGPT levels in experimental animals.
FAMILY SUPPORT AND CHILD STREETISM IN DAR ES SALAAM AND DODOMA
Authors: Shitindi Sister , Nyello Adella , Mswima Fredy
Published: March 2023

Street children are becoming common in the developing countries despite the implementation of several interventions. Family support as one of the interventions to address street children and considered to be the leading one. However, there is a dearth of literature on the influence of family support on child streetism. In this regard, the article explored the influence of family support on child streetism in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam.  This article adopted the cross sectional descriptive design whereby the informants were selected using purposive and snowballing sampling techniques and data. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and documentary review and thematic data analysis technique was used to analyse the qualitative data. The findings revealed that family support influences child streetism. Children are not likely to live in the street when the families support them. Specifically, substance use and abuse of parents and guardians, single parenting families, child-headed household, child neglect and family violence contribute to street children. The article among others recommends that parenting skills and style of the community members must be enhanced to provide favourable environment within the family setting for children to cherish their future.