bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cue rates and surfacing characteristics of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) in the Falkland Islands
Authors: R.  Weir Caroline , Taylor Maria , A. Q. Jelbes Pamela , Stanworth Andrew
Published: January 2023

The cue rate (CR: blows per whale per hour), surfacing characteristics and swim speeds of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) were quantified fromfocal follows carried out at Berkeley Sound (East Falkland) between January and May 2017 and off the west coast of West Falkland betweenFebruary and April 2018. In Berkeley Sound, focal follows were conducted from Cape Pembroke lighthouse and from a small boat. In West Falklandall focal follows were conducted from a yacht. Thirty-seven focal follows of sei whale individuals or groups (2–5 individuals) were analysed toproduce CRs ranging from 21.99 to 46.73, with a mean of 31.46 (SD = 5.12). There was no significant difference in the CRs observed from shorevs. boat platforms or between the two study areas. Maximum submergence times exceeding 13min were recorded from both individuals and groups.The durations of 51 whale surfacing events had a mean of 6.4s (SD = 1.7). The average swim speed during boat-based sei whale focal follows was5.7kmh−1. The inter-breath intervals (IBIs) recorded from 13 solitary individuals ranged from 77.2 to 180.1s, with an overall mean of 118.6s (SD= 137.6). A combined approach incorporating IBI parameters and sequence pattern was used to classify 270 IBIs into surface dives (mean = 37.2s),intermediate dives (mean = 113.7s) and true dives (mean = 332.6s). Individuals showed marked variation in dive pattern, with some exhibitingclear cycles of true dives interspersed with surface bouts while others routinely took intermediate-duration dives interspersed by single surfacings.Sei whales in Berkeley Sound exhibited a higher proportion of surface dives than whales in West Falkland, and those surface dives were of lowermean and median IBI. Individual sei whales had surface bouts comprising a mean of 3.8 blows and a mean IBI of 33.4s. These are the firstquantifiable data on surfacing-dive patterns and CRs for sei whales in the Falkland Islands and across the wider range of the species. The data haveconservation and management relevance, including addressing availability bias for line transect and cue count abundance estimates, incorporationinto vessel strike modelling, and understanding foraging behaviour.
Strandings of dolphins in the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary, South Australia
Authors: Adamczak S. K. , Kemper C. , Tomo I.
Published: January 2023

The Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary was gazetted in 2005 to protect a resident population of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) thatlives in a heavily impacted urban environment. This study assesses the numbers and types of strandings before and after the creation of the sanctuary.Monitoring took place during 1987–2013, when 57 events were reported and 53 carcasses were examined by post-mortem. Events were assignedto a circumstance of death that combined post-mortem results and/or anecdotal information. The majority of records were Indo-Pacific bottlenosedolphins (n = 47, 82%) but a few common dolphins (Delphinus delphis, n = 7, 12%) were also documented. Many (n = 19/46, 41%) of the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins were 1 year old or less. Strandings averaged 2.19 per annum for all dolphin species and 1.80 for Indo-Pacific bottlenosedolphins. When pre- (n = 20) and post-sanctuary (n = 27) data were compared for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, anthropogenic events decreasedfrom 30% (n = 6/20) to 7% (n = 2/27) and no intentional (illegal) killings or entanglements were recorded after 2004. Unintentional anthropogenicmortalities were primarily boat collisions (n = 4 out of 5 cases). Disease was the most frequently recorded circumstance of death (n = 21) andalthough the number of cases increased after 2004, this may have been due to improved pathology investigations. Live strandings were rare duringthe study (n = 2). Despite a significant increase in overall dolphin mortalities pre- and post-sanctuary, the number of human-induced mortalityevents decreased significantly. Continued monitoring and post-mortems of carcasses is recommended for managing dolphins in the sanctuary.
Intercambio de experiencias y aprendizaje horizontal entre extensionistas: Fuente invisibilizada de conocimientos para la práctica
Authors: Landini Fernando
Published: January 2023

Los aprendizajes horizontales que se dan en la interacción entre pares juegan un rol fundamental en el desempeño profesional. En este estudio se analiza este fenómeno en el marco de la extensión rural a partir de entrevistas a extensionistas de Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala y Uruguay (68 individuales y 18 grupales), retomando el enfoque de las comunidades de prácticas. Los extensionistas intercambian conocimientos, experiencias, y desarrollan conjuntamente estrategias para resolver los desafíos de su práctica de manera permanente, en diferentes instancias. Se identificaron cuatro dinámicas de interacción específicas: las preguntas a colegas, los intercambios en reuniones de planificación, el diálogo en espacios no formalizados y el análisis de la práctica en el marco de postgrados. Se destaca la existencia tanto de aprendizajes puntuales como de otros más profundos que cuestionan el modo de enfocar la práctica, y el intercambio entre pares basado en una lógica de diversidad de opiniones y preferencias, en contraste con un criterio de verdad. Las instituciones de extensión deben tomar conciencia de los aprendizajes informales que se dan entre pares y facilitarlos.
Influencia social minoritaria frente a la crisis socioambiental: Comunidades intencionales ecológicas en espacios rurales
Authors: Mardones Rodolfo E.
Published: January 2023

La psicología ha mostrado interés por el medioambiente desde nociones como la percepción, conducta proambiental u otras dimensiones psicológicas individuales. En los últimos años observamos mayor atención a las dinámicas psicosociales y comunitarias, sin embargo, predominan aquellas con foco en el individuo urbano. En este contexto identificamos el surgimiento de comunidades intencionales que actúan en la interfaz del cambio personal y colectivo, se reúnen bajo principios ecológicos y experimentan formas de vida en común frente a la crisis socioambiental, con el propósito de influir en la sociedad y su relación con la naturaleza. Realizamos una investigación cualitativa de orientación etnográfica en seis casos de estudio, con el objetivo de comprender las prácticas de influencia minoritaria dirigidas a su comunidad circundante. Mediante participación observante y entrevistas en profundidad se realizó un acercamiento a la vida cotidiana de los(as) participantes y por medio de un análisis de contenido temático comprendimos sus prácticas en las dimensiones: ambiental, económica y social. Concluimos que las distintas formas de influencia social minoritaria realizadas por estos asentamientos se sostienen en sus prácticas demostrativas frente a un diagnóstico catastrófico y su acción para promover el cambio social se articula entre agenciamientos y contradicciones sociopolíticas.
De la escuela urbana a la rural: Un estudio de casos de escolares chilenos
Authors: Núñez Muñoz Carmen Gloria , Peña Ochoa Mónica , Díaz Araya Mauricio , González Niculcar Bryan
Published: January 2023

Las escuelas rurales chilenas han estado recibiendo estudiantes que provienen de escuelas urbanas, que han experimentado dinámicas de exclusión. En este contexto, se desarrolla una investigación cualitativa con estudio de caso, cuyo objetivo fue comprender y analizar la experiencia subjetiva infantil respecto de su propia trayectoria escolar. Se trabajó con entrevistas semiestructuradas, con apoyo de la técnica del collage con imágenes proporcionadas por los investigadores; el análisis se realizó mediante análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran una experiencia escolar marcada por la ausencia de adultos  y relaciones de violencia con los pares en la escuela urbana, a diferencia de la experiencia escolar en la escuela rural de vínculos significativos y cercanos.  Se concluye la importancia del rol de las escuelas rurales en la continuidad de las trayectorias escolares, las que desarrollan culturas inclusivas que actualmente están siendo altamente valoradas por las familias, frente a las dinámicas excluyentes que persisten en las escuelas urbanas a pesar de la Ley de Inclusión.
Las caminatas de las personas mayores por sus barrios de residencia en Santiago, Chile
Authors: Olivares Bárbara , Rossi Munilla Antonella , Herrmann-Lunecke Marie Geraldine
Published: January 2023

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación que buscó conocer los efectos que tiene el entorno urbano en la caminata de las personas mayores. Para ello se entrevistó a 40 caminantes mayores pertenecientes a cuatro barrios de la comuna de Santiago, aplicando dos técnicas: una entrevista en profundidad para conocer el perfil psicosocial de los/as caminantes y una "entrevista caminando" para acompañar rutas cotidianas en los entornos donde transitan estas personas. La información se analizó cualitativamente y se construyeron tres ejes categoriales donde se organizaron los principales resultados. Se concluye que la pandemia impacta negativamente la vida de las personas mayores impidiendo la caminata e intensificando las experiencias de soledad y aislamiento. Vivir en barrios de larga permanencia produce efectos beneficiosos para las personas mayores, permitiendo vincularse a los espacios desde la memoria y las trayectorias colectivas.
Psicología, procesos psicosociales y escenarios rurales: Editorial
Authors: Reyes Espejo María Isabel , Pavez Javiera , Urbina Carolina , Monreal-Alvarez Ma. Verónica , Landini Fernando , Ribeiro Luiz Paulo
Published: January 2023

Muy pocas veces la psicología latinoamericana  se ha detenido a pensar las especificidades de la ruralidad, siendo que una parte significativa de la población latinoamericana vive en entornos rurales y la mayor parte de la población más pobre de mundo vive en territorios definidos como rurales. Los resultados de investigaciones y prácticas profesionales tienden a ser transferidos de manera acrítica de contextos urbanos a rurales sin una discusión apropiada de sus alcances y pertinencia contextual, se asume ingenuamente que lo humano se identifica con lo urbano. Al mismo tiempo, procesos y dinámicas psicosociales específicas asociadas a la ruralidad quedan invisibilizadas para nuestra profesión. Asumimos que "lo rural" requiere de una mirada específica de la psicología, pues es un campo de problemas que interpela a sus teorías y quehaceres, pensados y desarrollados usualmente desde prácticas socioculturales urbanas. En este número publicamos seis trabajos que rescatan experiencias situadas en contextos rurales de Cuba, Brasil, Ecuador, Guatemala, Uruguay, Argentina y Chile, recogiendo las experiencias de trabajadores de lo rural. Esperamos que la puesta en diálogo de estos trabajos sirva de estímulo para seguir contribuyendo, desde Latinoamérica, a potenciar el trabajo y desarrollo de la psicología rural a nivel global. Desde esta perspectiva, invitamos a nuestros/as lectores y lectoras a dinamizar y compartir estas experiencias de investigación.
A radiomic signature based on magnetic resonance imaging to determine adrenal Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Piskin Ferhat Can , Akkus Gamze , Yucel Sevinc Puren , Akbas Bisar , Odabası Fulya
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The aim of this study was to develop radiomics signature-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine adrenal Cushing’s syndrome (ACS) in adrenal incidentalomas (AI).

Material and methods

A total of 50 patients with AI were included in this study. The patients were grouped as non-functional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) and ACS. The lesions were segmented on unenhanced T1-weighted (T1W) in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) as well as on T2-weighted (T2-W) 3-Tesla MRIs. The LASSO regression model was used for the selection of potential predictors from 111 texture features for each sequence. The radiomics scores were compared between the groups.

Results

The median radiomics score in T1W-Op for the NFAI and ACS were –1.17 and –0.17, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients with ACS had significantly higher radiomics scores than NFAI patients in all phases (p < 0.001 for all). The AUCs for radiomics scores in T1W-Op, T1W-Ip, and T2W were 0.862 (95% CI: 0.742-0.983), 0.892 (95% CI: 0.774-0.999), and 0.994 (95% CI: 0.982-0.999), respectively.

Conclusions

The developed MRI-based radiomic scores can yield high AUCs for prediction of ACS.
Level of Financial Education among University Students of Business: A Study in the Peruvian Scenario
Authors: CORDOVA-BUIZA Franklin , TAPARA-SINTI Jennyfer , GALLARDO-TELLO Nancy Eresbita , ROBLES-FABIAN Daniel Amadeo
Published: January 2023

Financial education can help reduce social exclusion and develop people economically. Knowing basic financial concepts allows people to make appropriate savings, expenses, and investment decisions. The objective of this research is to measure the level of financial education of students of a private university in Lima, the capital of Peru, who have already received formal instruction in finance-related topics.
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Authors: CADTH
Published: January 2023

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses empagliflozin (Jardiance), 10 mg or 25 mg, orally administered film-coated tablets.

Indication: Indicated in adults as an adjunct to standard-of-care therapy for the treatment of chronic heart failure.
DISCAPACIDAD Y NATURALIZACIÓN: TÉCNICAS DIDÁCTICAS Y EVALUATIVAS BASADAS EN LA NEUROEDUCACIÓN
Authors: Umaña Torres Jacqueline María , Guzmán Berasaluce Karina
Published: January 2023

La presente producción académica inició a partir del decreto de inclusión educativa realizado en el año 2016 por las Naciones Unidas, donde queda al descubierto la carencia en la formación docente sobre esta temática. Ha abordado el análisis en materia de discapacidad y naturalización educativa, tuvo como objetivo, a partir de la neuroeducación, brindar al docente técnicas mediadoras y evaluativas acertadas y coherentes con las necesidades de cada educando, partiendo desde la comprensión acerca de las etapas y fuentes del desarrollo necesarias para la selección de cada técnica didáctica. La neuroeducación concebida como una disciplina en la cual convergen la ciencia, la psicología y la educación, representa para la evolución de la educación, una herramienta imprescindible hacia una educación integral, verdaderamente formadora de una sociedad funcional y sensible, consciente y respetuosa de los derechos humanos, utilizando técnicas didácticas y de evaluación estimulantes basadas en las fuentes de desarrollo del estudiantado, dejando atrás el incompetente modelo tradicional de educación.
Self-enhanced aerosol–fog interactions in two successive radiation fog events in the Yangtze River Delta, China: A simulation study
Authors: Shao Naifu , Lu Chunsong , Jia Xingcan , Wang Yuan , Li Yubin , Yin Yan , Zhu Bin , Zhao Tianliang , Liu Duanyang , Niu Shengjie , Fan Shuxiang , Yan Shuqi , Lv Jingjing
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Abstract. Aerosol–fog interactions (AFIs) play pivotal roles in the fog cycle. However, few studies have focused on the differences in AFIs between two successive radiation fog events and the underlying mechanisms. To fill this knowledge gap, our study simulates two successive radiation fog events in the Yangtze River Delta, China, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). Our simulations indicate that AFIs in the first fog (Fog1) promote AFIs in the second one (Fog2), resulting in higher number concentration, smaller droplet size, larger fog optical depth, wider fog distribution, and longer fog lifetime in Fog2 than in Fog1. This phenomenon is defined as the self-enhanced AFIs, which are related to the following physical factors. The first one is conducive meteorological conditions between the two fog events, including low temperature, high humidity and high stability. The second one is the feedbacks between microphysics and radiative cooling. A higher fog droplet number concentration increases the liquid water path and fog optical depth, thereby enhancing the long-wave radiative cooling and condensation near the fog top. The third one is the feedbacks between macrophysics, radiation, and turbulence. A higher fog top presents stronger long-wave radiative cooling near the fog top than near the fog base, which weakens temperature inversion and strengthens turbulence, ultimately increasing the fog-top height and fog area. In summary, AFIs postpone the dissipation of Fog1 due to these two feedbacks and generate more conducive meteorological conditions before Fog2 than before Fog1. These more conducive conditions promote the earlier formation of Fog2, further enhancing the two feedbacks and strengthening the AFIs. Our findings are critical for studying AFIs and shed new light on aerosol–cloud interactions.
Photo-Induced Shrinking of Aqueous Glycine Aerosol Droplets
Authors: Ishizuka Shinnosuke , Reich Oliver , David Grégory , Signorell Ruth
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Due to their small size, micrometer and submicron sized solution droplets can respond differently to physical and chemical processes compared with extended bulk material. Using optically trapped micrometer sized aqueous glycine droplets, we demonstrate photo-induced degradation of glycine upon irradiation with visible light, even though molecular glycine does not absorb light in the near UV/vis range to any significant extent. This reaction is observed as photo-induced shrinking of the droplet, which we characterize by analyzing the elastic light scat-tering and the Raman spectrum of the droplet over the course of the reaction. We find the volume to shrink with a constant rate over the major part of the shrinking process. This indicates the presence of a rate limiting photo-catalyst, which we attribute to mesoscopic glycine clusters in the droplet solution. Our findings relate to previous reports of visible light absorption by photosensitizers. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence of a photochemical pathway facilitated by mesoscopic clusters. Light interaction with such mesoscopic photoactive molecular aggregates might be more important for aerosol photochemistry than previously anticipated.
Retrieval of terahertz ice cloud properties from airborne measurements based on the irregularly shaped Voronoi ice scattering models
Authors: Li Ming , Letu Husi , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Li Shulei , Liu Lei , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Ji Dabin , Shang Huazhe , Shi Chong
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Currently, terahertz remote sensing technology is one of
the best ways to detect the microphysical properties of ice clouds.
Influenced by the representativeness of the ice crystal scattering (ICS)
model, the existing terahertz ice cloud remote sensing inversion algorithms
still have significant uncertainties. In this study, based on the Voronoi
ICS model, we developed a terahertz remote sensing inversion algorithm of
the ice water path (IWP) and median mass diameter (Dme) of ice clouds.
This study utilized the single-scattering properties (extinction efficiency,
single-scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor) of the Voronoi, sphere, and
hexagonal column ICS models in the terahertz region. Combined with 14 408
groups of particle size distributions obtained from aircraft-based
measurements, we developed the Voronoi, sphere, and column ICS schemes based
on the Voronoi, sphere, and column ICS models. The three schemes were applied
to the radiative transfer model to carry out the sensitivity analysis
of the top-of-cloud (TOC) terahertz brightness temperature differences
between cloudy and clear skies (BTDs) on the IWP and Dme. The
sensitivity results showed that the TOC BTDs between 640 and 874 GHz are
functions of the IWP, and the TOC BTDs of 380, 640, and 874 GHz are
functions of the Dme. The Voronoi ICS scheme possesses stronger
sensitivity to the Dme than the sphere and column ICS schemes. Based on
the sensitivity results, we built a multi-channel look-up table for BTDs.
The IWP and Dme were searched from the look-up table using an optimal
estimation algorithm. We used 2000 BTD test data randomly generated by the
RSTAR model to assess the algorithm's accuracy. Test results showed that the
correlation coefficients of the retrieved IWP and Dme reached 0.99 and
0.98, respectively. As an application, we used the inversion algorithm to
retrieve the ice cloud IWP and Dme based on the Compact Scanning Submillimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSSIR) airborne
terahertz radiation measurements. Validation against the retrievals of the
Bayesian algorithm reveals that the Voronoi ICS model performs better than
the sphere and hexagonal column ICS models, with enhancement of the mean
absolute errors of 5.0 % and 12.8 % for IWP and Dme, respectively.
In summary, the results of this study confirmed the practicality and
effectiveness of the Voronoi ICS model in the terahertz remote sensing
inversion of ice cloud microphysical properties.
Machine learning detection of dust impact signals observed by the Solar Orbiter
Authors: Kvammen Andreas , Wickstrøm Kristoffer , Kociscak Samuel , Vaverka Jakub , Nouzak Libor , Zaslavsky Arnaud , Rackovic Babic Kristina , Gjelsvik Amalie , Pisa David , Soucek Jan , Mann Ingrid
Published: January 2023

Abstract. This article presents the results of automatic detection of dust impact signals observed by the Solar Orbiter – Radio and Plasma Waves instrument. A sharp and characteristic electric field signal is observed by the Radio and Plasma Waves instrument when a dust particle impacts the spacecraft at high velocity. In this way, ∼ 5–20 dust impacts are daily detected as the Solar Orbiter travels through the interplanetary medium. The dust distribution in the inner solar system is largely uncharted and statistical studies of the detected dust impacts will enhance our understanding of the role of dust in the solar system. It is however challenging to automatically detect and separate dust signals from the plural of other signal shapes for two main reasons. Firstly, since the spacecraft charging causes variable shapes of the impact signals, and secondly because electromagnetic waves (such as solitary waves) may induce resembling electric field signals. In this article, we propose a novel machine learning-based framework for detection of dust impacts. We consider two different supervised machine learning approaches: the support vector machine classifier and the convolutional neural network classifier. Furthermore, we compare the performance of the machine learning classifiers to the currently used on-board classification algorithm and analyze 2 years of Radio and Plasma Waves instrument data. Overall, we conclude that detection of dust impact signals is a suitable task for supervised machine learning techniques. The convolutional neural network achieves the highest performance with 96 % ± 1 % overall classification accuracy and 94 % ± 2 % dust detection precision, a significant improvement to the currently used on-board classifier with 85 % overall classification accuracy and 75 % dust detection precision. In addition, both the support vector machine and the convolutional neural network classifiers detect more dust particles (on average) than the on-board classification algorithm, with 16 % ± 1 % and 18 % ± 8 % detection enhancement, respectively. The proposed convolutional neural network classifier (or similar tools) should therefore be considered for post-processing of the electric field signals observed by the Solar Orbiter.
Permafrost degradation and nitrogen cycling in Arctic rivers: insights from stable nitrogen isotope studies
Authors: Francis Adam , Ganeshram Raja S. , Tuerena Robyn E. , Spencer Robert G. M. , Holmes Robert M. , Rogers Jennifer A. , Mahaffey Claire
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Across the Arctic, vast areas of permafrost are being degraded by climate
change, which has the potential to release substantial quantities of
nutrients, including nitrogen into large Arctic rivers. These rivers heavily
influence the biogeochemistry of the Arctic Ocean, so it is important to
understand the potential changes to rivers from permafrost degradation. This
study utilized dissolved nitrogen species (nitrate and dissolved organic
nitrogen (DON)) along with nitrogen isotope values (δ15N-NO3- and δ15N-DON) of samples collected
from permafrost sites in the Kolyma River and the six largest Arctic rivers.
Large inputs of DON and nitrate with a unique isotopically heavy δ15N signature were documented in the Kolyma, suggesting the occurrence
of denitrification and highly invigorated nitrogen cycling in the Yedoma
permafrost thaw zones along the Kolyma. We show evidence for permafrost-derived DON being recycled to nitrate as it passes through the river,
transferring the high 15N signature to nitrate. However, the potential
to observe these thaw signals at the mouths of rivers depends on the spatial
scale of thaw sites, permafrost degradation, and recycling mechanisms. In
contrast with the Kolyma, with near 100 % continuous permafrost extent,
the Ob River, draining large areas of discontinuous and sporadic
permafrost, shows large seasonal changes in both nitrate and DON isotopic
signatures. During winter months, water percolating through peat soils
records isotopically heavy denitrification signals in contrast with the
lighter summer values when surface flow dominates. This early year
denitrification signal was present to a degree in the Kolyma, but the ability
to relate seasonal nitrogen signals across Arctic Rivers to permafrost
degradation could not be shown with this study. Other large rivers in the
Arctic show different seasonal nitrogen trends. Based on nitrogen isotope
values, the vast majority of nitrogen fluxes in the Arctic rivers is from
fresh DON sourced from surface runoff through organic-rich topsoil and not
from permafrost degradation. However, with future permafrost thaw, other
Arctic rivers may begin to show nitrogen trends similar to the Ob. Our
study demonstrates that nitrogen inputs from permafrost thaw can be
identified through nitrogen isotopes, but only on small spatial scales.
Overall, nitrogen isotopes show potential for revealing integrated catchment
wide nitrogen cycling processes.
Effects of LGM sea surface temperature and sea ice extent on the isotope-temperature slope at polar ice core sites
Authors: Cauquoin Alexandre , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Obase Takashi , Chan Wing-Le , Paul André , Werner Martin
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Stable water isotopes in polar ice cores are widely used to reconstruct past temperature variations over several orbital climatic cycles. One way to calibrate the isotope-temperature relationship is to apply the present-day spatial relationship as a surrogate for the temporal one. However, this method leads to large uncertainties because several factors like the sea surface conditions or the origin and the transport of water vapor influence the isotope-temperature temporal slope. In this study, we investigate how the sea surface temperature (SST), the sea ice extent and the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) affect these temporal slopes in Greenland and Antarctica for Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~21 000 years ago) to preindustrial climate change. For that, we use the isotope-enabled atmosphere climate model ECHAM6-wiso, forced with a set of sea surface boundary condition datasets based on reconstructions (e.g., GLOMAP) or MIROC 4m simulation outputs. We found that the isotope-temperature temporal slopes in East Antarctic coastal areas are mainly controlled by the sea ice extent, while the sea surface temperature cooling affects more the temporal slope values inland. Mixed effects on isotope-temperature temporal slopes are simulated in West Antarctica with sea surface boundary conditions changes, because the transport of water vapor from the Southern Ocean to this area can dampen the influence of temperature on the changes of the isotopic composition of precipitation and snow. In the Greenland area, the isotope-temperature temporal slopes are influenced by the sea surface temperatures very near the coasts of the continent. The greater the LGM cooling off the coast of southeast Greenland, the larger the temporal slopes. The presence or absence of sea ice very near the coast has a large influence in Baffin Bay and the Greenland Sea and influences the slopes at some inland ice cores stations. We emphasize that the extent far south of the sea ice is not so important. On the other hand, the seasonal variations of sea ice distribution, especially its retreat in summer, influence the water vapor transport in this region and the modeled isotope-temperature temporal slopes in the eastern part of Greenland. A stronger LGM AMOC decreases LGM to preindustrial isotopic anomalies in precipitation in Greenland, degrading the isotopic model-data agreement. The AMOC strength does not modify the temporal slopes over inner Greenland, and only a little on the coasts along the Greenland Sea where the changes in surface temperature and sea ice distribution due to the AMOC strength mainly occur.
PInc-PanTher estimates of Arctic permafrost soil carbon under the GeoMIP G6solar and G6sulfur experiments
Authors: Liu Aobo , Moore John C. , Chen Yating
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Circum-Arctic permafrost stores large amounts of frozen carbon that must be maintained to avoid catastrophic climate change. Solar geoengineering
has the potential to cool the Arctic surface by increasing planetary albedo but could also reduce tundra productivity. Here, we improve the
data-constrained PInc-PanTher model of permafrost carbon storage by including estimates of plant productivity and rhizosphere priming on soil
carbon. Six earth system models are used to drive the model, running G6solar (solar dimming) and G6sulfur (stratospheric sulfate aerosols)
experiments, which reduce radiative forcing from SSP5-8.5 (no mitigation) to SSP2-4.5 (substantive mitigation) levels. By 2100, simulations indicate
a loss of 9.2 ± 0.4 million km2 (mean ± standard error) of permafrost area and 81 ± 8 Pg of soil carbon under the
SSP5-8.5 scenario. In comparison, under SSP2-4.5, G6solar, and G6sulfur, permafrost area loss would be mitigated by approximately 39 %, 37 %,
and 34 % and soil carbon loss by 42 %, 54 %, and 47 %, respectively, relative to SSP5-8.5. Uncertainties in permafrost soil
C loss estimates arise mainly from changes in vegetation productivity. Increased carbon flux from vegetation to soil raises soil
C storage, while the priming effects of root exudates lowers it, with a net mitigating effect on soil C loss. Despite model
differences, the protective effects of G6solar and G6sulfur on permafrost area and soil C storage are consistent and significant for all
ESMs. G6 experiments mitigate ∼ 1/3 of permafrost area loss and halve carbon loss for SSP5-8.5, averting USD 0–70 trillion (mean of USD 20 trillion) in
economic losses through reduced permafrost emissions.
Sample labeling and classification method of hyperspectral remote sensing images based on texture features and semi-supervised learning
Authors: Ye Ansheng , Zhou Xiangbing , Gong Yu , Miao Fang , Zhao Huimin
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Hyperspectral images contain abundant spectral and spatial information about the earth's surface, labeling data processing and analysis more difficult, as well as the problem of sample labeling. In this paper, local binary pattern (LBP), sparse representation and mixed logistic regression model are introduced, and a sample labeling method based on neighborhood information and priority classifier discrimination is presented. Then, a hyperspectral remote sensing image classification method based on texture features and semi-supervised learning is implemented. The LBP is employed to extract features of spatial texture information from remote sensing images and enrich the feature information of samples. Then the multivariate logistic regression model is used to select the unlabeled samples with the largest amount of information, and the unlabeled samples with neighborhood information and priority classifier tags are selected to obtain the pseudo-labeled samples after learning. By making full use of the advantages of sparse representation and mixed logistic regression model, a new hyperspectral remote sensing image classification model based on semi-supervised learning is constructed to effectively achieve accurate classification of hyperspectral images. The data of Indian Pines, Salinas scene and Pavia University are selected to verify the validity of the proposed method. The experiment results show that the proposed classification method can obtain higher classification accuracy and show stronger timeliness and generalization ability.
Towards reducing the high cost of parameter sensitivity analysis in hydrologic modelling: a regional parameter sensitivity analysis approach
Authors: Larabi Samah , Mai Juliane , Schnorbus Markus , Tolson Bryan , Zwiers Francis
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Land surface models have many parameters that have a spatially variable impact on model outputs. In applying these models, sensitivity analysis (SA) is sometimes performed as an initial step to select calibration parameters. As these models are applied on large domains, performing sensitivity analysis across the domain is computationally prohibitive. Here, using a VIC deployment to a large domain as an example, we show that watershed classification based on climatic attributes and vegetation land cover helps to identify the spatial pattern of parameter sensitivity within the domain at a reduced cost. We evaluate the sensitivity of 44 VIC model parameters with regard to streamflow, evapotranspiration and snow water equivalent over 25 basins with a median size of 5078 km2. Basins are clustered based on their climatic and land cover attributes. Performance of transferring parameter sensitivity between basins of the same cluster is evaluated by the F1 score. Results show that two donor basins per cluster are sufficient to correctly identify sensitive parameters in a target basin, with F1 scores ranging between 0.66 (evapotranspiration) to 1 (snow water equivalent). While climatic attributes are sufficient to identify sensitive parameters for streamflow and evapotranspiration, including vegetation class significantly improves skill in identifying sensitive parameters for snow water equivalent. This work reveals that there is opportunity to leverage climate and land cover attributes to greatly increase the efficiency of parameter sensitivity analysis and facilitate more rapid deployment of land surface models over large spatial domains.
A Bayesian updating framework for calibrating hydrological parameters of road network using taxi GPS data
Authors: Kong Xiangfu , Yang Jiawen , Xu Ke , Dong Bo , Jiang Shan
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Hydrological parameters should pass through a careful calibration procedure before aiding decision-making. However, great difficulties are encountered when applying calibration methods to regions where runoff data are inadequate. To fill the gap of hydrological calibration for the ungaged road network, we proposed a Bayesian updating framework to calibrate hydrological parameters based on taxi GPS data. Hydrological parameters are calibrated by adjusting their values such that the runoff generated by the acceptable parameter sets could yield the road disruption period during which no taxi points are observed. The method is validated through 10 flood-prone roads in Shenzhen, and the result reveals that the trends of runoff could be correctly predicted for 8 out of 10 roads. This study shows that integration of hydrological model and taxi GPS data suggests viable alternative measures for the model calibration, and provides actionable insights for flood hazard mitigation.
The potential of global coastal flood risk reduction using various DRR measures
Authors: Mortensen Eric , Tiggeloven Timothy , Haer Toon , van Bemmel Bas , Le Bars Dewi , Muis Sanne , Eilander Dirk , Sperna Weiland Frederiek , Bouwman Arno , Ligtvoet Willem , Ward Philip J.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Coastal flood risk is a serious global challenge facing current and future generations. Several disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures have been posited as ways to reduce the deleterious impacts of coastal flooding. On the global scale, however, efforts to model the effects of DRR measures (beyond structural) in the future are limited. In this paper, we use a global-scale flood risk model to estimate the risk of coastal flooding, and to assess and compare the effectiveness and economic performance of various DRR measures, namely: dykes and coastal levees, dry-proofing of urban assets, zoning restrictions in flood-prone areas, and management of foreshore vegetation. To assess the effectiveness of each DRR measure, we determine the extent to which they can limit future flood risk as a percentage of regional GDP to the same value as today (the so-called relative-risk constant objective). To assess their economic performance, we estimate the economic benefits and costs. If no DRR measures are taken in the future, we estimate expected annual damages to exceed $2 trillion USD by 2080, directly affecting an estimated 15 million people. Over 90 % of sub-national regions in the world can achieve their relative-risk constant targets if at least one of the investigated DRR measures is employed. At the global scale, we find the effectiveness of dykes and coastal levees in achieving the relative-risk constant objective to be 98 %, dry-proofing to be 49 %, zoning restrictions to be 11 %, and foreshore vegetation to be 6 %. In terms of direct costs, the overall figure is largest for dry-proofing ($151 billion) and dykes and coastal levees ($86 billion), much more than those of zoning restrictions ($27 million) and foreshore vegetation ($366 million). While zoning restrictions and foreshore vegetation achieve the highest global benefit-cost ratios, they also provide the least benefits overall. We show that there are large regional patterns in both the effectiveness and economic performance of modelled DRR measures. Future research could assess the indirect costs and benefits of these four and other DRR measures as well as their subsequent hybridisation.
Timescales of outlet-glacier flow with negligible basal friction: theory, observations and modeling
Authors: Feldmann Johannes , Levermann Anders
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The timescales of the flow and retreat of Greenland's and Antarctica's outlet glaciers and their potential instabilities are arguably the largest uncertainty in future sea-level projections. Here we derive a scaling relation that allows the comparison of the timescales of observed complex ice flow fields with geometric similarity. The scaling relation is derived under the assumption of fast, laterally confined, geometrically similar outlet-glacier flow over a slippery bed, i.e., with negligible basal friction. According to the relation, the time scaling of the outlet flow is determined by the product of the inverse of (1) the fourth power of the width-to-length ratio of its confinement, (2) the third power of the confinement depth and (3) the temperature-dependent ice softness. For the outflow at the grounding line of streams with negligible basal friction, this means that the volume flux is proportional to the ice softness and the bed depth, but goes with the fourth power of the gradient of the bed and with the fifth power of the width of the stream. We show that the theoretically derived scaling relation is supported by the observed velocity scaling of outlet glaciers across Greenland as well as by idealized numerical simulations of marine ice-sheet instabilities (MISIs) as found in Antarctica. Assuming that changes in the ice-flow velocity due to ice-dynamic imbalance are proportional to the equilibrium velocity, we combine the scaling relation with a statistical analysis of the topography of 13 MISI-prone Antarctic outlets. Under these assumptions, the timescales in response to a potential destabilization are fastest for Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica and Mellor, Ninnis and Cook Glaciers in East Antarctica; between 16 and 67 times faster than for Pine Island Glacier. While the applicability of our results is limited by several strong assumptions, the utilization and potential further development of the presented scaling approach may help to constrain timescale estimates of outlet-glacier flow, augmenting the commonly exploited and comparatively computationally expensive approach of numerical modeling.
European summer weather linked to North Atlantic freshwater events in preceding years
Authors: Oltmanns Marilena , Holliday N. Penny , Screen James , Moat Ben I. , Josey Simon A. , Evans D. Gwyn , Bacon Sheldon
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Amplified Arctic ice loss in recent decades has been linked to increased occurrence of extreme mid-latitude weather. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive, however. One potential link occurs through the ocean as the loss of sea ice and glacial ice leads to increased freshwater fluxes into the North Atlantic. Thus, in this study, we examine the extent to which North Atlantic freshwater anomalies constrain the subsequent ocean-atmosphere evolution and assess their implications for European summer weather. Combining remote sensing, atmospheric reanalyses and model simulations, we show that stronger freshwater anomalies are associated with sharper sea surface temperature gradients over the North Atlantic in winter, destabilising the overlying atmosphere and inducing a northward shift in the North Atlantic Current. In turn, the jet stream over the North Atlantic is deflected northward in the following summers, leading to warmer and drier weather over Europe. Our results suggest that growing freshwater fluxes into the North Atlantic will increase the risk of heat waves and droughts over the coming decades, and could yield enhanced predictability of European summer weather, months to years in advance.
Broken Road Detection Methods Comparison: A Literature Survey
Authors: Indra Yustiana  , Somantri  , Dudih Gustian  , Anggy Pradifta Junfithrana  , Satish Kumar Damodar
Published: January 2023

Roads are infrastructure built to facilitate regional development. Good road conditions will certainly provide a sense of comfort for every vehicle that will pass through it. For that, care and attention to road conditions needs to be done. The occurrence of damage to the road will hinder the development process. Currently, detection of damaged roads is still done manually using human resource. It makes the detection process take quite a lot of time to determine how bad the damage is. So there needs a way to help improve time efficiency and accuracy in detecting damaged roads. One of them is by utilizing machine learning technology. In this paper, we will discuss what methodology can be use and their comparisons to be able to use appropriate and effective methodologies to detect cases of damaged roads
Effect of planting dates and potassium levels on the growth and yield of sunflowers
Authors: Shamran Haider
Published: January 2023

The study was conducted during spring season (2022), to determine the effect of early planting for four planting dates (18/ 1, 2/ 2, 17/ 2 and 4/3/2022), and four levels of potassium fertilizer (30, 60, 90 and 120) kg ha-1 , on the yield and fullness of sunflower grains, cultivar Shamoos, was carried out by arranging the split panels according to a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates The results of the experiment showed significant effects of planting dates on growth, yield and quality traits, as the D4 planting date was superior to vegetative growth traits (50% flowering and plant height) by giving it the highest average of these two traits, which amounted to 84.58 days and 274.30 cm. giving it the highest average for the trait, which reached 4.35% As for the yield traits and its components, the planting date D1 exceeded the characteristics (number of full seeds, weight of 1000 seeds and yield of individual plant) as it gave the highest average of these traits amounted to (1281.13 seeds disc-1 , 128.65 g and 165.12 g) respectively. The results of the experiment showed a significant effect of potassium levels on the characteristics of vegetative growth, yield and quality, as the K4 fertilization treatment gave the highest average for the traits (50% inflorescence and the number of full seeds), which reached (84.58 days and 1047.30 seeds disc-1 ) respectively, while the K2 fertilization treatment gave The highest mean of potassium content in leaves and weight of 1000 seeds was 4.29% and 120.78 gm.
VisualQC: software development kit for medical and neuroimaging quality control and assurance
Authors: Reddy Raamana Pradeep
Published: January 2023

VisualQC is a medical imaging software library aimed to enable and improve certain challenging aspects of neuroimaging quality control (niQC). VisualQC is purpose-built for rigorous niQC and aims to greatly reduce the tediousness of manual visual QC. It achieves this by seamlessly (1) presenting relevant composite visualizations while alerting the user of any outliers based on advanced machine learning algorithms, (2) offering an easy way to record the ratings and notes, and (3) making it easy to quickly navigate through a large number of subjects. VisualQC offers a modular and extensible framework, to allow for solving a wide diversity of visual niQC tasks along with some assistive automation. We demonstrate this by showing a few common but diverse QC use-cases targeting visual review and rating of (1) the raw image quality for structural and functional MRI scans, (2) accuracy of anatomical segmentations either via Freesurfer or a generic voxel-based segmentation algorithm, (3) accuracy of the alignment between two images (registration algorithms), and (4) accuracy of defacing algorithms to protect patient privacy. We believe this modular and extensible API/classes will encourage the community to customize it for their own needs and with their own visionary ideas and encourage them to share their implementation with the community to improve the quality of neuroimaging data and analyses.
Lower Triassic conodont stratigraphy
Authors: Budurov Kiril , Sudar Milan
Published: January 2023

A conodont stratigraphic subdivision of the Lower Triassic is made, and considerations about the Permian/Triassic boundary are developed. Data received during the last few years are generalized with emphasis laid on results obtained on conodonts found by the authors in their samples from the Himalayas and different parts of Europe. The conventional Permian/Triassic boundary is situated in the stratigraphic range of Clarkina subcarinata-Anchignathodus typicalis C.-R.-Z. although as an alternative possibility (based on conodont, ammonite and other faunas) the base of Kashmirella kummeli R.-Z. is indicated. The conodont subdivision of the Lower Triassic is based upon 14 conodont zones as follows: Clarkina subcarinata – Anchignathodus typicalis C.-R.-Z., Anchignathodus parvus L-Z., Isarcicella isarcica R.-Z., Clarkina carinata A.-Z. – for the Griesbachian (Lower Induan); Kashmirella kummeli R.-Z., Neospathodus dieneri – Neospathodus cristagalli C.-R.-Z., and parts of Kashmirella nepalensis R.-Z. – for the Dienerian (Upper Induan); middle and upper parts of Kashmirella nepalensis R.-Z., Neospathodus waageni A.-Z., Scythogondolella milleri R.-Z. and Parachirognathus – Furnischius Beds – for the Smithian (Lower Olenekian), and Neospathodus triangularis - Neospathodus hommeri A.-Z., Platyvillosus – Foliella Beds and Kashmirella timorensis R.-Z., – for the Spathian (Upper Olenekian). The boundary between the Lower and Upper Triassic is set with proving of the Kasmirella gondolelloides R.-Z.