bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The perspective of optometry students of the Phelophepa train regarding its role in developing experiential skills
Authors: Hansraj R.
Published: October 2016

Purpose: The optometry degree programme in South Africa currently includes a combination of both theoretical and clinical modules.  The optometric skills required by graduates are often achieved by students’ involvement in clinical training at both in-house clinics, as well as external clinics.   One of the external clinic sites for all institutions in South Africa currently offering the Optometry degree is the Phelophepa Health Care train.  This study set out to investigate, from a student’s perspective, the effectiveness of experiential learning at this clinical site.Setting: The study was carried out aboard the Ph-elophepa Health Care train.Method:  A questionnaire survey was completed by a saturated sample of 177 optometry students having completed at least a two week clinical rotation aboard Phelophepa.  The sample comprised students from all four optometry programmes in South Africa, as well as, exchange optometry students from the University of New South Wales and Melbourne University.  The questionnaire was divided into five sections that dealt with demographics, equipment and facilities, profile of refractive and pathologycases encountered, additional skills and general perceptions. The self-administered questionnaire was in English and Afrikaans, as these are the twolanguage mediums in which optometric education,in South Africa, is currently delivered.Results: A response rate of 57% was obtained.  Theequipment and facilities aboard Phelophepa were found to be adequate.  Just over half of all the respondents had consulted with over 50 patients onPhelophepa during their two week rotation.  Communication was not reported as being a barrier to consulting with patients on Phelophepa.  Respondents reported the clinical cases as being mainly interesting and ‘good learning’ cases.  The majority of respondents (71%) felt that the general clinical skills they obtained on Phelophepa were better than those developed in their institutional clinics.  Not all refractions and ophthalmoscopy on patients aresupervised aboard Phelophepa.  There appears to be a need for the delivery of specialized optometry skills like binocular vision, paediatric vision, low vision and diagnostic techniques on Phelophepa.   All the respondents agreed that Phelophepa was a useful learning site, and 99% agreed that optometry departments should continue using it as an externalclinic site.Conclusion:  Despite certain shortcomings, under-graduate students perceive Phelophepa to be a useful learning experience that optometry schools in South Africa should continue to utilize.
Thin lenses of asymmetric power
Authors: Harris W. F. , Van Gool R. D.
Published: October 2016

It is generally supposed that thin systems, including refracting surfaces and thin lenses, have powers that are necessarily symmetric.  In other words they have powers which can be represented assymmetric dioptric power matrices and in the familar spherocylindrical form used in optometry and ophthalmology.  This paper shows that this is not correct and that it is indeed possible for a thin system to have a power that is not symmetric and which cannot be expressed in spherocylindrical form.  Thin systems of asymmetric power are illustratedby means of a thin lens that is modelled with small prisms and is chosen to have a dioptric power ma-trix that is antisymmetric.  Similar models can be devised for a thin system whose dioptric power matrix is any  2 2 ×  matrix.  Thus any power, symmetric, asymmetric or antisymmetric, is possible for a thin system.  In this sense our understanding of the power of thin systems is now complete.
A review of rehabilitation of low vision patients
Authors: Oduntan O. A.
Published: October 2016

It hasbeen estimated that in 2002, there were about 124 million people worldwide who had low vision1.  These people have best visual acuity (VA) ranging from worse than 6/18 but equal or betterthan 3/60 in the better eye after treatment and or standard refraction.  In terms of visual field (VF), they have VF loss of less than 20 degrees in the better eye with best possible correction2. Low vision may result from congenital or acquired diseases, trauma, uncorrected refractive error or other ocular disorders. Although such people may beamenable to medical or surgical interventions, they may be assisted to maximize their remaining vision by using optical, non-optical or electronic devices or combinations of these.  Illumination control or environmental modifications may also assist.  As a result of the low vision, the patient may have social, psychological, economic and other related problems which need to be addressed along withthe visual problems. For effective rehabilitation of the low vision patient therefore, a multidisciplinaryteam approach needs to be employed.  In this approach, professionals from a number of disciplinesare independently involved in the assessment and management of the patient.  The purpose of this review article is to highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to low vision rehabilitation, the various professionals and their roles that may be involved in the rehabilitation of the low vision patient.  This article will increase knowledge of rehabilitation of patients with low vision and may improve the services offered to such patients.
Ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS: A literature review* (Part 1)
Authors: Govender P. , Hansraj R. , Naidoo K. S. , Visser L.
Published: October 2016

No abstract available
A comparison of intraocular pressure values obtained with the Tono-Pachymeter NT530P, iCare® rebound tonometer and Goldmann applanation tonometer
Authors: Rampersad N. , Mashige K. P. , Jhetam S.
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) values measured with the Tono-Pachymeter NT530P (Tonopachy™) and the iCare® rebound tonometer (iCare®) with those obtained by the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). The right eyes of 105 subjects aged 18 to 82 years (mean age = 29.27 ± 14.67 years) were assessed with the three tonometers. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured first using the Tonopachy™ and then IOP was measured by Tonopachy™, iCare® and GAT. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired  t-test, correlation and regression analysis. The Bland-Altman method of analysis was used to evaluate agreements between the sets of data from the three devices. The CCT values ranged from 440 µm to 606 µm (mean= 518.49 ± 33.01 µm). There was little or no correlation between CCT and IOP for any of the instruments used in this study (r = 0.29 for Tonopachy™, r = 0.22 for iCare®, r = 0.17 for GAT). The mean IOP measured with the Tonopachy™ was 14.31 ± 3.57 mmHg (range 8.7 mmHg to 31 mmHg) and 16.64 ± 4.38 mmHg (range 8 mmHg to 32 mmHg) using the iCare®. The mean IOP measured with the GAT was 14.79 ± 3.09 mmHg (range 8.7 mmHg to 29.7 mmHg). Using the Bland-Altman method, the upper and lower limits of agreement between the Tonopachy™ and GAT, iCare® and GAT, iCare® and Tonopachy™ were 5.1 mmHg and –4.2 mmHg, 8.6 mmHg and –4.9 mmHg, 7.5 mmHg and –2.8 mmHg respectively. In 79.1% of the eyes studied, the mean IOP difference between Tonopachy™ and GAT was less than 3 mmHg and in 20.9% of the eyes, the difference was greater than 3 mmHg. However, mean IOP differences of greater than 3 mmHg were obtained by iCare® in comparison with GAT (40%) and Tonopachy™ (34.3%) respectively. Findings of this study suggest that the Tonopachy™ yielded IOP readings that were consistent with those of GAT values while iCare® yielded higher IOP values compared to both GAT and Tonopachy™. (S Afr Optom 2011 70(3) 109-116)
Optical transferences and their application to ray tracing through the human cornea*
Authors: Mathebula S. D. , Rubin A.
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this paper is two fold, firstly to describe aspects of the quantitative analysis of the linear optical character of the corneas of ten young and healthy subjects using the exp-mean-log-transference and secondly to illustrate how mean transference and ray vector fields or diagrams can be used to explain and understand the optical properties of corneas as thick optical systems.An Oculus Pentacam was used to obtain 43 successive measurements of the radii of curvature of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and the central corneal thicknesses of the right eyes of ten subjects. From these measurements 4×4 ray transferences were calculated. Mean transferences were obtained via multi-dimensional Hamiltonian space and these mean transferences were used to produce stereo-pairs of ray vector fields. The mean transferences are also important in understanding the behaviour of light through each of the corneas concerned. This paper provides the first order optical characters of corneas from the positions and inclinations of rays entering and leaving such systems. As anticipated, light rays through the cornea are deflected inwards when the refractive index of the cornea is greater than the index of the surrounding medium. The exp-mean-log transference for a specific cornea exists and is the optical transference of the averaged cornea of the sample of measurements for that cornea. Within the limitations of linear or paraxial optics, the corneas of the different eyes in this sample and their averages were found to be close to that of thin optical systems; but they were not truly thin and instead should be considered as being thick optical systems. (S Afr Optom 2011 70(4) 156-167)
Immunological and antimicrobial molecules in human tears: a review and preliminary report*
Authors: Schnetler R. , Gillan W. D. H. , Koorsen G.
Published: October 2016

The human tear film is a multi-layered and chemically complex structure, which performs numerous functions relating to the health of the corneal surface.  One of the core functions of the tear film is to protect the eye against invasion by pathogens.  Thus its middle layer, the ‘core aqueous stratum’, harbours a myriad of immunologicaland antimicrobial proteins. In this review we discuss the most abundant of these proteins (immunoglobulins, toll-like receptors, cytokines, lactoferrin, lysozyme, lipocalins, surfactant protein-Aand -D and defensins).  In order to illustrate how the levels of immunological/antimicrobial proteins in tears change in response to eye disease, we review literature in which levels of these proteins have been measured in tears of patients with dry eye disease (DED) and keratoconus (KC).  Finally, we report results of a preliminary study to measure the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the tears of DED and KC patients. The study showed a significant decrease of sIgA levels  in DED compared to control. Further analysis must be done to determine whether or not DED and KC may be associated with differential expression of immune proteins. (S Afr Optom 2012 71(3) 123-132)
A review of fundus autofluorescence imaging
Authors: Booysen D. J.
Published: October 2016

Autofluorscence photography of the retina provides important diagnostic information about diseases that affect the outer retina; more specifically the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Fundus autofluorescence can alsobe used to evaluate macular pigment density and other diseases of the retina and choroid. It is a non-invasive clinical tool which has the potential to revolutionise clinical retina practice. (S Afr Optom 2013 72(1) 46-53)
Keratoconus: a clinical exposé
Authors: Gillan W. D. H.
Published: October 2016

No abstract available
The use of ultrasonography in a patient with blunt eye trauma
Authors: Sithole H. L. , Makgamatho N. M.
Published: October 2016

No abstract available
From the Editor’s Desk
Authors: Rubin Alan
Published: October 2016

No Abstract Available
Target refractions in bilateral monofocal pseudophakia: analysis of a mathematical model
Authors: Harris William Frith , Næser Finn Kristian , Hjortdal Jesper Østergaard
Published: October 2016

A recent paper proposes a model for suitable target refractions for monofocal pseudophakic monovision.  The purpose of this paper is to examine the mathematics that underpins the theory.  The expressions for the optimal target refractions presented before are shown formally to define the minimum of the mean binocular refractive error over a range of object distances.  The model is shown to be much more sensitive to errors in the distal target refraction than to errors in the proximal refraction.  It is also more sensitive to the choice of proximal limit of the object range than to the distal limit.  These considerations are important in selecting and evaluating suitable combinations of refractions in pseudophakic monovision. (S Afr Optom 2013 72(3) 103-109)
Clinical implications for the optometrist when assessing post LASIK patients
Authors: Hansraj R.
Published: October 2016

Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has dominated the field of refractive surgery in the new millennium with many patients opting for it as an alternative to spectacles or contact lenses. LASIK appears to have been largely successful from a patient’s perspective.  Research in the area of refractive surgery has also been extensive with many studies highlighting the successes while others cautioning against its widespread use. Due to its popularity optometrists are bound to encounter patients that have had LASIK.  Most often optometrists are not directly involved in the surgical process although some are involved in co-management.  Irrespective of their involvement the optometrist should be knowledgeable in this field.  This review highlights some aspects that all optometric clinicians should be aware of when managing post LASIK patients.  (S Afr Optom 2013 72(4) 173-184)
Climate change and uncertainty in high-resolution rainfall extremes
Authors: Kianfar Bahareh , Fatichi Simone , Paschalis Athansios , Maurer Max , Molnar Peter
Published: October 2016

Abstract. A methodology to analyze the impact of climate change on rainfall extremes with a high temporal resolution is presented. It is based on a rainfall stochastic simulator which consists of a point process model for the daily scale (Neymann-Scott Rectangular Pulse Model) and a nested disaggregation scheme for the 10-min rainfall scale (Multiplicative Random Cascade Model). Climate change signals are included as Factors of Change applied to key statistics (first–third order moments, correlation and intermittency) as simulated with ten GCM-RCM model chains of the ENSEMBLES Project. The stochastic simulator was calibrated with data from 22 meteorological stations in Switzerland, and used to analyze rainfall extremes from 30-yr long realizations for the current climate and two future climate periods (mid-Century and end-of-Century). The stochastic simulator reproduces first and higher-order statistics of precipitation very well for temporal scales from 10-min to 24-hr, including annual maxima for a range of return periods relevant for urban hydrology. The internal climate variability (stochasticity) in rainfall extremes can be directly quantified using simulations, and is very high. Despite the imposed climate change signals, the distributions of annual maxima for the current and future climates largely overlap in most climate model chains. There are relatively few cases where the mean future extremes lie outside of the 10–90 % uncertainty bounds of the current climate, and in fact both increases and decreases are found in simulations. The rainfall stochastic simulator can be improved in the future by including the relation between extreme rainfall intensity and air temperature in the parametrisation. We conclude that the climate change signal generated by climate models has a low signal-to-noise ratio in rainfall extremes at high resolutions at the station level and predictions of change are therefore highly uncertain. At the same time, accounting for current climate variability in rainfall extremes for urban hydrologic design is vital because it may already cover a large part of the uncertainty connected with expected climate change in the future.
Conjunctive operation of river facilities for integrated water resources
management in Korea
Authors: Kim Hwirin , Jang Cheolhee , Kim Sung
Published: October 2016

Abstract. With the increasing trend of water-related disasters such as floods and droughts resulting from climate change, the integrated management of water resources is gaining importance recently. Korea has worked towards preventing disasters caused by floods and droughts, managing water resources efficiently through the coordinated operation of river facilities such as dams, weirs, and agricultural reservoirs. This has been pursued to enable everyone to enjoy the benefits inherent to the utilization of water resources, by preserving functional rivers, improving their utility and reducing the degradation of water quality caused by floods and droughts. At the same time, coordinated activities are being conducted in multi-purpose dams, hydro-power dams, weirs, agricultural reservoirs and water use facilities (featuring a daily water intake of over 100 000 m3 day−1) with the purpose of monitoring the management of such facilities. This is being done to ensure the protection of public interest without acting as an obstacle to sound water management practices. During Flood Season, each facilities contain flood control capacity by limited operating level which determined by the Regulation Council in advance. Dam flood discharge decisions are approved through the flood forecasting and management of Flood Control Office due to minimize flood damage for both upstream and downstream. The operational plan is implemented through the council's predetermination while dry season for adequate quantity and distribution of water.
Guerilla Eats and Bicycle Espresso. The Changing Contemporary Food Culture of Urban Helsinki
Authors: Savela Mika
Published: October 2016

The Finnish urban food culture traditionally differs from continental European traditions. Restaurants, bistros, eateries or street food have never been similarly integral to everyday life as perhaps in many world cities. In Helsinki, the relatively young urban history, strict regulations on the sales of food and alcohol, diminishing food traditions, modernist urban planning and strong public control of the cityscape, have all contributed in limitations regarding urban food culture. However, since early 2000s, demand for more diverse urban food and restaurant culture has surged among the younger generations along with a rediscovery of domestic culinary traditions. Public debates and activism concerning the rigid bureaucracy related to food culture have resulted in culinary culture strategies and re-considering food as part of the urban culture, contemporary practices, and development of urban districts. For Helsinki, the relative success of these changes has been integrally connected to citizen campaigns and information distributed in social media, as well as previous stagnation of both urban food culture and public policies. The paper looks into small-scale citizen-led cases of urban food culture development in Helsinki over the past years, with focus on the story of “Restaurant Day”, its origins as an illegally organized temporary event turned into a global phenomenon – before its obliteration in a post-temporary reality. The cases are set against histories of Finnish food culture and current viewpoints on foodways as generators of urban groups and new identities. By reviewing the handling of contemporary Helsinki-based food practices, especially in media and public documents, the paper evaluates how urban food culture and the sense of ownership in public space and the city at large have activated communities and created actual policy changes.
Public Space for Street-Scape Theatrics. Guerrilla Spatial Tactics and Methods of Urban Hacking in Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Cox Christopher James , Guaralda Mirko
Published: October 2016

It could be argued that architecture has an inherent social responsibility to enrich the urban and spatial environments for the city’s occupants. However, how we define quality, and how ‘places’ can be designed to be fair and equitable, catering for individuals on a humanistic and psychological level, is often not clearly addressed. Lefebvre discusses the idea of the ‘right to the city’; the belief that public space design should facilitate freedom of expression and incite a sense of spatial ownership for its occupants in public/commercial precincts. Lefebvre also points out the importance of sensory experience in the urban environment. “Street-scape theatrics” are performative activities that summarise these two concepts, advocating the ‘right to the city’ by way of art as well as providing sensual engagement for city users. Literature discusses the importance of Street-scape Theatrics however few sources attempt to discuss this topic in terms of how to design these spaces/places to enhance the city on both a sensory and political level. This research, grounded in political theory, investigates the case of street music, in particular busking, in the city of Brisbane, Australia. Street culture is a notion that already exists in Brisbane, but it is heavily controlled especially in central locations. This study discusses how sensory experience of the urban environment in Brisbane can be enriched through the design for busking; multiple case studies, interviews, observations and thematic mappings provide data to gather an understanding of how street performers see and understand the built form. Results are sometime surprisingly incongruous with general assumptions in regards to street artist as well as the established political and ideological framework, supporting the idea that the best and most effective way of urban hacking is working within the system. Ultimately, it was found that the Central Business District in Brisbane, Australia, could adopt certain political and design tactics which attempt to reconcile systematic quality control with freedom of expression into the public/commercial sphere, realism upheld. This can bridge the gap between the micro scale of the body and the macro of the political economy through freedom of expression, thus celebrating the idiosyncratic nature of the city.
Pop-up City. Searching for instant urbanity
Authors: Bravo Luisa
Published: October 2016

Pop-up City is a photography research project in the city of Bologna, Italy. It works on perception and understanding of urban and architectural features of the existing city, trying to deliver new powerful images of the suburban world and to highlight existing places with a potential for public life.
Pop-up City is an attempt to make people look at everyday streets, places and spaces around them with different, conscious eyes, in order to embed them in their physical and emotional urban life. Pop-up City moves far away from the European mental attitude that immediately links the concept of “public space” to the idea of a traditional designed square, searching for that intangible dimension made of desires, dreams and passionate involvement, giving shape to imagination.
EFFECT OF MASTICATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF MICROGEL PRESENT IN NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: Rolere Sébastien , Deme Florian , Sainte-Beuve Jérôme , Bonfils Frédéric
Published: October 2016

Mechanical or thermal mastication experiments were performed on three commercial natural rubber (NR) samples of TSR10 grade made from latex of three different clones (GT1, PB235, and RRIM600). The mesostructure (different gel or aggregate fractions, structure of random coils of cis-1,4-polyisoprene) of all the NR samples was fully characterized by size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS), using pretreated SEC columns. This method was used to quantify and investigate the structure of the little-studied smaller microaggregates, constituting the microgel fraction smaller than 1 μm (Microgel<1μ) of NR. The three unmasticated NR samples showed no difference in terms of microaggregate structure. Conversely, microaggregates appeared denser after mastication. This phenomenon was found to depend on the mastication conditions, as mechanically masticated NR samples had smaller (lower radius of gyration) and more compact microaggregates than thermally masticated samples. Macrogel also behaved differently depending on the mastication conditions. Mechanical mastication conditions allowed a higher degradation of the macrogel compared with thermal mastication conditions.
Analysis of Online Texting among Bilingual Interlocutors
Authors: Ali Ahmed Rashad , M. Talib Al-kadi Abdu
Published: October 2016

This study advances research on using language in online communication. It intended to analyze texting on WhatsApp in terms of linguistic and paralinguistic characteristics, the identity of interlocutors, and uses of emojis. Adopting a corpus-based approach to the study of language variation, data were collected from WhatsApp chat group of six male students enrolled in a Master’s program at a graduate school in the Midwestern region of the United States. A total of 195 messages were garnered over a period of three months. Results showed laudable features of online texting which are deviant of the formal English orthographically, morphologically, syntactically, and phonologically. This supports previous claims that texting has adversely affected the structure of formal language. It was also found that emojis were used to complement words, impose additional meaning that mere words cannot convey or supplant written forms. Additionally, the way interlocutors used text messages reveals information about their identities. It also gives clues about their cultural, religious, and educational backgrounds.
Detection of Anomalies in Accounting Data Using Benford’s Law: Evidence from India
Authors: Das Ramesh Chandra , Mishra Chandra Sekhar , Rajib Prabina
Published: October 2016

This study uses the financial accounting data to examine if they depart from Benford’s Law. Using large sample of Indian public listed companies, the study conducts an analysis of the “first digit analysis”, “second digit analysis”, and “first two digit analysis “of test variables such as total assets, receivables, fixed assets, property, plant and equipment, inventory, current assets, current liabilities, sales, selling and distribution expenses, cost of goods sold, cash, EBIT, direct tax, indirect tax. The initial results find that most of the variables have significant deviation from Benford’s Law distribution. Further analyses indicate that business group firms indulge more data anomalies than standalone firms and small size firms have more data anomalies than large size firms in Indian context.
Glutathione S- Transferase M1 in the Serum of Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Sorkhoo Zahra
Published: October 2016

Endometriosis is a female disease with high incidence and unknown causes because of the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine wall. Glutathione S- transferase (GSTs) is a key enzyme in phase I and II that catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to genotoxic compounds. Glutathione S- transferase M1 (GSTM1) is a versatile enzyme that plays an important role in detoxification of carcinogenic metabolites. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels GSTM1 in patients with endometriosis. In this study, blood samples from 20 women with endometriosis and 20 healthy women were collected. The final concentration of protein in the blood of patients (TPC) and GSTM1 in serum by using "biuret" and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay "(ELISA) were measured. It was shown that the level of total protein concentration all samples are within the normal range and no significant changes between the two groups were seen. Although significant reduction in serum levels GSTM1 was observed in patients with Endometriosis compared to the control group (P = 0.002). The results of this study showed that GSTM1 is involved pathophysiology of endometriosis.
Endothelial Cells Promote Expansion of Long-Term Engrafting Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Primates
Authors: Gori Jennifer L. , Butler Jason M. , Kunar Balvir , Poulos Michael G. , Ginsberg Michael , Nolan Daniel J. , Norgaard Zachary K. , Adair Jennifer E. , Rafii Shahin , Kiem Hans-Peter
Published: October 2016

Successful expansion of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) would benefit many HSPC transplantation and gene therapy/editing applications. However, current expansion technologies have been limited by a loss of multipotency and self-renewal properties ex vivo. We hypothesized that an ex vivo vascular niche would provide prohematopoietic signals to expand HSPCs while maintaining multipotency and self-renewal. To test this hypothesis, BM autologous CD34+ cells were expanded in endothelial cell (EC) coculture and transplanted in nonhuman primates. CD34+C38− HSPCs cocultured with ECs expanded up to 17-fold, with a significant increase in hematopoietic colony-forming activity compared with cells cultured with cytokines alone (colony-forming unit-granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-monocyte; p < .005). BM CD34+ cells that were transduced with green fluorescent protein lentivirus vector and expanded on ECs engrafted long term with multilineage polyclonal reconstitution. Gene marking was observed in granulocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. Whole transcriptome analysis indicated that EC coculture altered the expression profile of 75 genes in the BM CD34+ cells without impeding the long-term engraftment potential. These findings show that an ex vivo vascular niche is an effective platform for expansion of adult BM HSPCs.
Approximate complementation and its applications in studying ideals of Banach algebras
Authors: Zhang Yong
Published: October 2016

We show that a subspace of a Banach space having the approximation property inherits this property if and only if it is approximately complemented in the space. For an amenable Banach algebra a closed left, right or two-sided ideal admits a bounded right, left or two-sided approximate identity if and only if it is bounded approximately complemented in the algebra. If an amenable Banach algebra has a symmetric diagonal, then a closed left (right) ideal $J$ has a right (resp. left) approximate identity $(p_{\alpha})$ such that, for every compact subset $K$ of $J$, the net $(a\cdot p_{\alpha})$ (resp. $(p_{\alpha}\cdot a)$) converges to $a$ uniformly for $a \in K$ if and only if $J$ is approximately complemented in the algebra.
Diextensions et panextensions de catégories
Authors: Hoff Georges
Published: October 2016

Considering some different notions of kernel for a quotient functor, news kinds of extensions of (small) categories appear. In each context, one sees how 2-cocycles are naturally defined. Classical 2-cohomologies, like Hochschild's one (for which the need of commutativity is here discussed), are particular cases in this framework. One has thus an unifying point of view for extensions structures.
Symmetry in the vanishing of Ext over Gorenstein rings
Authors: Huneke Craig , Jorgensen David A.
Published: October 2016

We investigate symmetry in the vanishing of Ext for finitely generated modules over local Gorenstein rings. In particular, we define a class of local Gorenstein rings, which we call AB rings, and show that for finitely generated modules $M$ and $N$ over an AB ring $R$, $\mathrm{Ext}^i_R(M,N)=0$ for all $i\gg 0$ if and only if $\mathrm{Ext}^i_R(N,M)=0$ for all $i\gg 0$.
Approximation properties for dual spaces
Authors: Lima Vegard
Published: October 2016

We prove that a Banach space $X$ has the metric approximation property if and only if $\mathcal F(Y,X)$ is an ideal in $\mathcal L(Y,X^{**})$ for all Banach spaces $Y$. Furthermore, $X^*$ has the metric approximation property if and only if for all Banach spaces $Y$ and all Hahn-Banach extension operators $\phi : X^* \rightarrow X^{***}$ there exists a Hahn-Banach extension operator $\Phi : {\mathcal F(Y,X)}^* \rightarrow {\mathcal L(Y,X^{**})}^*$ such that $\Phi(x^* \otimes y^{**}) = (\phi x^*) \otimes y^{**}$ for all $x^* \in X^*$ and all $y^{**} \in Y^{**}$. We also prove that $X^*$ has the approximation property if and only if for all Banach spaces $Y$ and all Hahn-Banach extension operators $\phi : X^* \rightarrow X^{***}$ there exists a Hahn-Banach extension operator $\Phi : {\mathcal F(Y,X)}^* \rightarrow {\mathcal W(Y,X^{**})}^*$ such that $\Phi(x^* \otimes y^{**}) = (\phi x^*) \otimes y^{**}$ for all $x^* \in X^*$ and all $y^{**} \in Y^{**}$, which in turn is equivalent to $\mathcal F(Y,\hat{X})$ being an ideal in $\mathcal W(Y,\hat{X}^{**})$ for all Banach spaces $Y$ and all equivalent renormings $\hat{X}$ of $X$.
The tracial topological rank of extensions of $C^*$-algebras
Authors: Hu Shanwen , Lin Huaxin , Xue Yifeng
Published: October 2016

Let $0\to \mathcal J\to \mathcal A\to \mathcal A / \mathcal J\to 0$ be a short exact sequence of separable $C^*$-algebras. We introduce the notion of tracially quasidiagonal extension. Suppose that $\mathcal J$ and $\mathcal A/J$ have tracial topological rank zero. We prove that if $(\mathcal A, \mathcal J)$ is tracially quasidiagonal, then $\mathcal A$ has tracial topological rank zero.
To be (guilty) - or not to be (guilty)
Authors: Walther Bo Kampmann
Published: October 2016

Bo Kampmann Walther: To be (guilty) - or not to be (guilty)
Indledning - Om stemmer, metrik og lyrik
Authors: Roer Hanne
Published: October 2016

Hanne Roer: Indledning
For en rytmetrik
Authors: Olsen Kasper Nefer
Published: October 2016

Kasper Nefer Olsen: For en rytmetrik
Jegets stemmer og digtets kilder (Valéry)
Authors: Holmgaard Jan
Published: October 2016

Jan Holmgaard: Jegets stemmer og digtets kilder (Valéry)
Kaskelottens sidste drøm
Authors: Manus Patrick Mac
Published: October 2016

Patrick Mac Manus: Kaskelottens sidste drøm
Europa mellom drøm og begjær
Authors: Sky Jeanette
Published: October 2016

Jeanette Sky: Europa mellom drøm og begjær
Fire stykker prosa
Authors: Hesselholdt Christina
Published: October 2016

Christina Hesselholdt: Fire stykker prosa
fra "Som en engel ind i himlen"
Authors: Jensen Mads Storgaard
Published: October 2016

Mads Storgaard Jensen: fra "Som en engel ind i himlen"
Ideogram, kryptogram, miniature og interlineatur
Authors: Bäcklund Jan
Published: October 2016

Jan Bäcklund: Ideogram, kryptogram, miniature og interlineatur
Optegnelser om Robert Walser
Authors: Canetti Elias
Published: October 2016

Elias Canetti: Optegnelser om Robert Walser
Det ene og de mange
Authors: Johansen Ib
Published: October 2016

Ib Johansen: Det ene og de mange
Et bibliotek pakkes ud
Authors: Kristensen Gitte Broeng
Published: October 2016

Gitte Broeng Kristensen: Et bibliotek pakkes ud
Selvets fragmenter
Authors: Petersen Christian Bank
Published: October 2016

Christian Bank Petersen: Selvets fragmenter
Mellem liv og drøm
Authors: Goldbæk Henning
Published: October 2016

Henning Goldbæk: Mellem liv og drøm
Night Mail
Authors: Grøndahl Jens Christian
Published: October 2016

Jens Christian Grøndahl: Night Mail
Retorikkens rum eller byens hundrede tusinde romaner
Authors: Pold Søren
Published: October 2016

Søren Pold: Retorikkens rum eller byens hundrede tusinde romaner
Litterær kortlægning i Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient
Authors: Jørgensen Mette
Published: October 2016

Mette Jørgensen: Litterær kortlægning i Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient
Det digitales paradigmer
Authors: Kitzmann Andreas
Published: October 2016

Andreas Kitzmann: Det digitales paradigmer
Skabelse gennem erindring
Authors: De León-Jones Karen
Published: October 2016

Karen De León-Jones: Skabelse gennem erindring
Kunst, tid og rum
Authors: Parniola Mario
Published: October 2016

Mario Parniola: Kunst, tid og rum
At give det løse los
Authors: Kjerkegaard Stefan
Published: October 2016

Stefan Kjerkegaard: At give det løse los
Afslutningens poetik hos Cervantes
Authors: Schmidt Rigmor Kappel
Published: October 2016

Rigmor Kappel Schmidt: Afslutningens poetik hos Cervantes
Æstetik og etik i terrorens tid
Authors: Bøndergaard Johanne Damholt
Published: October 2016

Johanne Damholt Bøndergaard: Æstetik og etik i terrorens tid
Sorg før erindring
Authors: Lund Jacob
Published: October 2016

Jacob Lund: Sorg før erindring
Det singulæres universalisering
Authors: Lund Jacob
Published: October 2016

Jacob Lund: Det singulæres universalisering
Den sene Derridas betydning for Das Beckwerk
Authors: Beckwerk Das
Published: October 2016

Das Beckwerk: Den sene Derridas betydning for Das Beckwerk
Den sene Derrida, eller: Er Claus Beck-Nielsen et spøgelse?
Authors: Rösing Lilian Munk
Published: October 2016

Lilian Munk Rösing: Den sene Derrida, eller: Er Claus Beck-Nielsen et spøgelse?
Abstracts
Authors: Passage Passage
Published: October 2016

English abstracts
At forlade sekten
Authors: Rooke Tetz
Published: October 2016

Tetz Rooke: “Leaving the Sect”In the prize-winning novel Azazil (2008) by Yusuf Zaydan, a Christian monk tells the dramatic story of his life, which is also the dramatic story of early Christianity in the Middle East. The novel problematizes the role of religion in politics and the individual’s responsibility for violence directed against “non-believers”. The same issues are also addressed in the true life story of the former Egyptian, Islamist activist Khaled al-Berry, Life is More Beautiful than Paradise (2001). Both books show defection as a proper solution when religious movements turn authoritarian and sully both individual freedom and moral principles.
Centrallyrik og interaktionslyrik i 00’erne
Authors: Larsen Peter Stein
Published: October 2016

Peter Stein Larsen: “‘Centrallyrik’ and ‘Interaktionslyrik’ in the 00s”The aim of “‘Centrallyrik’ and ‘Interaktionslyrik’ in the 00s” is to examine two ways of understanding poetry in Denmark after the year 2000. The term ‘centrallyrik’ refers to texts with a monologic mode of enunciation and stylistic homogeneity. Furthermore, such texts possess a distinct autonomous quality. The antithesis to ‘centrallyrik’ I refer to as ‘interaktionslyrik’. Here, we are dealing with poetic texts in which the lyric speaker interacts with a number of social contexts. Works pertaining to this type of poetry do not possess the same level of autonomy as ‘centrallyrik’. Taking as my point of departure the concepts ‘centrallyrik’ and ‘interaktionslyrik’, I examine different trends and authorships in new Danish poetry. Finally, I discuss the future of new Danish poetry.
Kunst, kapitalisme, revolution og kommunisering
Authors: Bolt Mikkel
Published: October 2016

Mikkel Bolt: "Kunst, kapitalisme, revolution og kommunisering - Om overskridelsen af kunsten som betydning uden virkelighed"AbstractMikkel Bolt: “Art, Capitalism, Revolution and Communisation: On the Transgression of Art as Meaning Without Reality”The article argues that modern art has always had a complex relationship to the idea of revolution: It embodies and articulates a critique of modern capitalist society at the same time as it consolidates that very society. From romanticism onwards art has sought to transgress the discursive and institutional limits of the art institution seeking to transcend the separation of art and everyday life. Much of what today goes under the name of contemporary art is rarely able to continue this destructive project. A notable exception is the milieu that has published Tiqqun andL’insurrection qui vient combining elements from the revolutionary tradition as well as avant-garde art working towards a communisation of everyday life under conditions of spectacle.
Bidragyderliste
Authors: Passage Passage
Published: October 2016

Bidragyderliste
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Passage Redaktionen
Published: October 2016

Redaktionelt forord/Editorial
"Læge i tyske koncentrationslejre". Lejrfortællingen i den kollektive erindring af Anden Verdenskrig i Danmark
Authors: Iversen Stefan
Published: October 2016

Stefan Iversen: “Doctor in German Concentration Camps. Camp Narratives in the Collective Memory of Second World War in Denmark”Based on a reading of narrative structures in Paul Thygesen’s testimony Læge i tyske koncentrationslejre [Doctor in German Concentration Camps] the article discusses the roles played by Danish narratives from German concentration camps in the Danish collective memory of the Second World War. The article’s main argument is that while Denmark during the last decade deliberately has joined a transnational memory of Holocaust, this transnational commemoration runs the risk of further accelerating an already apparent eradication of the memory of Danish camp narratives; narratives that due to the special circumstances of the deportations from Denmark call for specific approaches in order not to be forgotten.
Hal Kochs "Jeg anklager Rigsdagen". En efterkrigstidsdebat i perspektiv
Authors: Ejsing Martin Christensen
Published: October 2016

Martin Ejsing Christensen: “Hal Koch’s Jeg anklager Rigsdagen: A Post Second World War Debate in Perspective”In his 1947 book Jeg anklager Rigsdagen [I accuse the parliament], the Danish theologian and public commentator Hal Koch vehemently condemned the treatment of the so-called collaborators in the aftermath of the German occupation of Denmark. Today Hal Koch’s moral condemnation and its presupposed historical analysis have been lauded by several historians as the moral and historical truth about the “Retsopgør”,the transitional justice of the postwar period. This article examines this received view by placing Hal Koch’s book in its contemporary setting through an analysis of newspaper reviews of the book. Combined with the existing knowledge about the political conditions in Denmark immediately after the Second World War, this leads to the conclusion that Hal Koch’s and today’s moral condemnation of the “Retsopgør” fails to take into account some of the political circumstances obtaining at the time. As a consequence, this moral condemnation may be seen as a symptom of a more general moralizing attitude today towards the Second World War in Danish history.
Apparatets sammenbrud
Authors: Gemzøe Anker
Published: October 2016

Anker Gemzøe: “The Breakdown of the Apparatus. With Franz Kafka ‘In the Penal Colony’”The article proposes a reading of ‘In the Penal Colony’ (1914), aiming to show how this story, in ways so far unnoticed by Kafka scholarship, represents something decisively new in his work. ‘In the Penal Colony’ introduces a new social motif, afterwards recurrent in Kafka: A cruel, old legal and social formation breaks down and leaves an empty gap and opening to a new situation that could be even worse. My initial reading is expanded by placing the story in biographical, literary and historical contexts. From a point of departure in Kafka’s diaries in 1914, a mapping is suggested of some important instances of specific intertextuality – Octave Mirbeau, Fyodor Dostoevsky and the Passion of the New Testament. Further, the story’s conception of society is – through Oswald Spengler – read into concrete historical contexts. Though in the kafkaesque form of an alienated parable, the story is also a shrewd analysis of the political dilemmas of the intellectual as Kafka saw them at the beginning of the First World War, foreseeing the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Because of Kafka’s specific position in the autumn of 1914, ‘In the Penal Colony’ reflects problems of a wider historical and general significance.
Til billedet af Kafka
Authors: Lund Jacob
Published: October 2016

Anmeldelse af:Klaus Wagenbach, Franz Kafka – billeder fra hans liv, oversat af Judyta Preis og Jørgen Herman Monrad, København: Forlaget Vandkunsten, 2009, 253 sider.Niels Bokhove & Marijke van Dorst, udg., ‘Einmal ein großer Zeichner’ – Franz Kafka als bildender Künstler, Prag: Vitalis, 2011, 110 sider.
“Jeg har jo oplevet det hele” - “Postrealisme” i franske romaner efter Claude Simon
Authors: Lund Hans Peter
Published: October 2016

Hans Peter Lund: “‘I have seen it all’. Postrealism in French Novels after Claude Simon”From the 80s onward there has been a tendency in the French novel for letting a true story appear within the novel as autobiography or actual event. This article discusses texts from Claude Simon to Laurent Mauvignier, including François Bon, Boualem Sansal and others, and focuses on the fact that the material appears in novel-like constructions, as experienced, while it is also made the object of criticism.
Hallo? Nedslag i telefonens litteraturhistorie
Authors: Andersen Tore Rye
Published: October 2016

Tore Rye Andersen: “Hello?: Episodes in the Literary History of the Telephone”Through analyses of three American novels – Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925), Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 (1966) and Jennifer Egan’s A Visit From the Goon Squad (2010) – this article traces the major impact that the invention of the telephone has had on both society and the culture that reflects it. The medium of the telephone has thoroughly restructured the social space that is one of literature’s most important topics, and it has provided authors with new narrative strategies, new metaphors, new topics and new props, some of which are discussed in the article. The three analyses focus on different stages in the technological development of the telephone, and together they demonstrate how changes in the medium of the telephone also result in changed possibilities for literature.
“Røret er koldt i hånden” - Telefonen i dansk litteratur og kultur 1876-2014
Authors: Johansen Martin Gerster , Høgh Søren Langager
Published: October 2016

Martin Gerster Johansen & Søren Langager Høgh: “‘Røret er koldt i hånden’: The Telephone in Danish Literature and Culture 1876-2014”Through a double perspective of literature and cultural history, this article describes the telephone’s historical status in a Danish context. While phone technology in the cultural-historical perspective has usually been received with either jubilation or fear, the article shows how the phone in more recent Danish literature appears in a more nuanced and calm way. Specialized knowledge of telephones and their history is coupled with close readings of a range of Danish works including the authors Harald Kidde, Emil Bønnelycke, Helle Helle, Lone Hørslev and Klaus Høeck. The hypothesis is that literature holds a large and pristine field of phone knowledge and the aim of the article is to expose this knowledge.
Den arabiske telefon - Krimiparodier og litterær åndsnærværelse hos marokkaneren Driss Chraïbi
Authors: Jørgensen Steen Bille
Published: October 2016

Steen Bille Jørgensen: “The Arab Telephone: Crime Parodies and Literary Presence of Mind in the Work of Moroccan Novelist Driss Craïbi”Telephones play a central role in the work of the Moroccan novelist Driss Chraïbi. As a francophone writer spending most of his life in France, the writer’s meta-literary crime parodies about Inspecteur Ali integrate telephones at a structural and thematic level to invite the reader to reflect on the relation between the oral Arabic culture and the western crime novel. With a point of departure in the French notion of “téléphone arabe” (Chinese whispers) the poetics of the novel is focusing on its capacity to deal indirectly with the experience of proximity and distance. This problem appears already in the partly autobiographical La Civilisation ma mère and is developed throughout the work. Though Chraïbi critically points to ideological aspects of a paternalistic culture, his development of the Inspecteur Ali figure mainly leads the occidental reader to consider the importance of bodily experience and the spoken word (a fortiori oral literature) with its imaginary-fantasmagorical and fictional implications. Thus the telephone appears to be an ambiguous device that on the one hand provokes fragmentation – mainly related to the western civilisation – but on the other hand points to the foundation of an ethos related to listening and more generally an individual presence of mind.