bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melamine amino trimethylene phosphate as a novel flame retardant for rigid polyurethane foams with improved flame retardant, mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Zhengzhou , Xu Xiaoyan
Published: June 2017

Melamine amino trimethylene phosphate (MATMP) as a novel nitrogen‐phosphorus flame retardant, was synthesized by the reaction of melamine with amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) in aqueous solution. The structure of MATMP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid state P nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis. Rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams were prepared by one‐shot and free‐rise method, using MATMP as a flame retardant. The flame retardant, mechanical and thermal properties of MATMP in RPU foams were studied. It is found that the RPU foam containing 15 wt % MATMP (sample RPUMA‐15) can pass the UL‐94 V0 test with a limiting oxygen index of 25.5%. The cone calorimeter test results show that the peak heat release rate of RPUMA‐15 is reduced about 34% compared with that of untreated RPU foam. SEM results indicate that the RPU foams with MATMP can form the good and compact char during burning which provides better flame retardancy. The compressive strength of the RPU foams filled with MATMP first increases and then slightly decreases with an increase in the MATMP content comparing with that of untreated RPU foam. Moreover, thermal conductivities of the MATMP filled RPU foams are about 0.03 W/m K. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45234.
5‐Sulfoisophthalic acid monolithium salt doped polypyrrole/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites for EMI shielding application in X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz)
Authors: Gahlout Pragati , Choudhary Veena
Published: June 2017

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of highly conductive polypyrrole (PPy)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites prepared by in situ polymerization of pyrrole using 5‐sulfoisophthalic acid monolithium salt [lithio sulfoisophthalic acid (LiSiPA)] as dopant and ferric chloride as oxidant. Several samples were prepared by varying the amounts of MWCNTs ranging from 1 to 5 wt %. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images clearly show a thick coating of PPy on surface of MWCNTs. The electrical conductivity of PPy increased with increasing amount of MWCNTs and maximum conductivity observed was 52 S/cm at a loading of 5 wt % of MWCNTs. Pure PPy prepared under similar conditions had a conductivity of 25 S/cm. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) also showed a similar trend and average EMI shielding of −108 dB (3 mm) was observed for sample having 5 wt % MWCNT in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X‐band). The light weight and absorption dominated total SE of −93 to −108 dB of these composites indicate the usefulness of these materials for microwave shielding. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45370.
Improved thermal conductivity of ceramic filler‐filled polyamide composites by using PA6/PA66 1:1 blend as matrix
Authors: Yuan Dongbang , Gao Yan‐Fang , Guo Zhao‐Xia , Yu Jian
Published: June 2017

Polyamide‐type composites with improved thermal conductivity are prepared by using polyamide 6(PA6)/polyamide 6,6 (PA66) 1:1 blend as the matrix and aluminum nitride (AlN) as the filler through melt compounding. Field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) mapping of Al is used to investigate distribution of AlN. Differential scanning calorimeter is used to investigate the crystallization behavior of the composites. The thermal conductivity of PA6/PA66/AlN composite with 50 wt % AlN is 1.5 W m−1 K−1, 88% enhancement compared to those of single polymer based PA6/AlN or PA66/AlN composites. The reason for the improved thermal conductivity is the increased effective volume concentration of AlN in one (probably PA66) phase. The experimental data are fitted into Bruggeman and Agari–Uno model. Composites with similar thermal conductivity are also prepared using silicon carbide as the filler instead of AlN, showing that using PA6/PA66 1:1 blend as the matrix is a universal method to prepare thermally conductive composites with less filler loading. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45371.
Synergistic effect of carbon nanofiber decorated with iron oxide in enhancing properties of styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Song Sung Ho
Published: June 2017

Elastomer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanofiber (CNF) decorated with metal nanoparticles exhibit excellent thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties with low volume fraction of the reinforcement. Generally, metal nanoparticles are used to modify the surface of CNF, to improve their dispersion and contact resistance in the polymer matrix. In this study, Fe2O3 metal nanoparticles were decorated on CNF by electrostatic attraction via a green and facile solution‐based method. Interestingly, the CNF decorated with Fe2O3 (CNF‐Fe2O3)/elastomer improved both the tensile strength and the fatigue property of plain CNF/elastomer by as much as 57.2% and 27.2%, respectively. Moreover, the CNF‐Fe2O3/elastomer exhibited superior thermal conductivity, a twofold enhancement compared with carbon fibers. The elastomer nanocomposites consisting of CNF‐Fe2O3 also exhibited enhanced magnetic properties due to synergies between the Fe2O3 nanoparticles and the CNF. The elastomer nanocomposites prepared with CNF‐Fe2O3 will open significant new opportunities for preparing advanced elastomer nanocomposites for future engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45376.
Fast property prediction in an industrial rubber mixing process with local ELM model
Authors: Jin Weiya , Liu Yi , Gao Zengliang
Published: June 2017

Online property prediction in industrial rubber mixing processes is not an easy task. An efficient data‐driven prediction model is developed in this work. The regularized extreme learning machine (RELM) is utilized as the fundamental soft sensor model. To better capture distinguished characteristics in multiple recipes and operating modes, a just‐in‐time RELM modeling method is developed. The number of hidden neurons and the value of regularization parameter of the just‐in‐time RELM model can be efficiently selected using a fast leave‐one‐out strategy. Consequently, without the time‐consuming laboratory analysis process, the Mooney viscosity can be online predicted once a mixing batch has been discharged. The industrial Mooney viscosity prediction results show its better prediction performance in comparison with traditional approaches. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45391.
Incorporation of benzothiadiazole moiety at junction of polyfluorene–polytriarylamime block copolymer for effective color tuning in organic light emitting diode
Authors: Kim Kyusun , Inagaki Yohei , Kanehashi Shinji , Ogino Kenji
Published: June 2017

Block copolymer consisting of polyfluorene and polytriarylamine with benzothiadiazole moiety at the junction is prepared in order to obtain an orange emitting polymer via Suzuki‐Miyaura followed by Buchwald‐Hartwig coupling reactions. Electroluminescent device fabricated with resulting block copolymer exhibit only orange emission, although slight blue emission is observed in the fluorescent spectrum for the thin film, indicating that benzothiadiazole part plays a role of an effective trap site. Devices based on polyfluorene homopolymer doped with block copolymer (10 wt %) or an orange emitting model compound at the corresponding content of benzotiadiazole unit are also fabricated. The device with the model compound exhibits orange emission with Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.58, 0.42), whereas that with block copolymer pale orange with the coordinate of (0.44, 0.38). This fact is probably due to the preferential distribution of block copolymer at the vicinity of anode via hydrophilic interaction of trioxyethylene side chains with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45393.
Dendrimer‐Based Signal Amplification of Click‐Labelled DNA in Situ
Authors: Raddaoui Nada , Stazzoni Samuele , Möckl Leonhard , Viverge Bastien , Geiger Florian , Engelke Hanna , Bräuchle Christoph , Carell Thomas
Published: June 2017

The in vivo incorporation of alkyne‐modified bases into the genome of cells is today the basis for the efficient detection of cell proliferation. Cells are grown in the presence of ethinyl‐dU (EdU), fixed and permeabilised. The incorporated alkynes are then efficiently detected by using azide‐containing fluorophores and the CuI‐catalysed alkyne–azide click reaction. For a world in which constant improvement in the sensitivity of a given method is driving diagnostic advancement, we developed azide‐ and alkyne‐modified dendrimers that allow the establishment of sandwich‐type detection assays that show significantly improved signal intensities and signal‐to‐noise ratios far beyond that which is currently possible.
Oxidation of Cyclohexene in the Presence of Transition‐Metal‐Substituted Phosphotungstates and Hydrogen Peroxide: Catalysis and Reaction Pathways
Authors: Song Yuexiao , Xin Feng , Zhang Lexiang , Wang Yong
Published: June 2017

Homogeneous catalytic oxidations of cyclohexene by transition‐metal‐substituted phosphotungstates [PW11M(L)O39]m− (PW11M, M=CoII, CuII, FeIII, NiII, MnII, L=H2O or absence) with hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile were experimentally studied. The catalytic activities of allylic oxidation were found to strongly depend on the transition metals, and PW11Co showed the highest activity. The product distribution and the catalyst stability were dominated by mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to PW11M, whereby low or high mole ratios led to stable structure of PW11M and predominant formation of allylic oxidation products or decomposition of PW11M, respectively. Different from the activation of the allylic C−H bond by radicals, the oxidation of C=C double bond was based on tungsten‐peroxo species. A reaction mechanism composed of radical and nonradical processes was proposed from NMR, EPR, and kinetic data, to describe the reaction pathways of cyclohexene oxidation.
A Truncated Molecular Star
Authors: Prusty Soumyakanta , Yazaki Kohei , Yoshizawa Michito , Chand Dillip Kumar
Published: June 2017

A pentanuclear coordination complex assembled from any palladium(II) component and non‐chelating ligands is hitherto unreported. The pentanuclear complex [Pd5(L1)5(L2)5](BF4)10, 1 reported here was prepared by the spontaneous complexation of [Pd(DMSO)4](BF4)2 with the non‐chelating bidentate ligands 1,4‐phenylenebis(methylene) diisonicotinate, L1 and 4,4′‐bipyridine, L2 in a one‐pot method at room temperature. The planar polycyclic complex 1 with outer diameters of ≈3 nm is termed as a “molecular star” owing to its resemblance with a pentagram shape. Interim paths leading to the star were also probed to decipher related dynamics of the system.
Tandem In Situ Monitoring for Quantitative Assessment of Mechanochemical Reactions Involving Structurally Unknown Phases
Authors: Lukin Stipe , Stolar Tomislav , Tireli Martina , Blanco Maria Valeria , Babić Darko , Friščić Tomislav , Užarević Krunoslav , Halasz Ivan
Published: June 2017

We report herein quantitative in situ monitoring by simultaneous PXRD and Raman spectroscopy of the mechanochemical reaction between benzoic acid and nicotinamide, affording a rich polymorphic system with four new cocrystal polymorphs, multiple phase transformations, and a variety of reaction pathways. After observing polymorphs by in situ monitoring, we were able to isolate and characterize three of the four polymorphs, most of which are not accessible from solution. Relative stabilities among the isolated polymorphs at ambient conditions were established by slurry experiments. Using two complementary methods for in situ monitoring enabled quantitative assessment and kinetic analysis of each studied mechanochemical reaction, even when involving unknown crystal structures, and short‐lived intermediates. In situ Raman monitoring was introduced here also as a standalone laboratory technique for quantitative assessment of mechanochemical reactions and understanding of mechanochemical reactivity. Our results provide an important step toward a complete and high‐throughput quantitative approach to mechanochemical reaction kinetics and mechanisms, necessary for the development of the mechanistic framework of milling reactions.
Discovery of wtRET and V804MRET Inhibitors: From Hit to Lead
Authors: Mologni Luca , Dalla Via Martina , Chilin Adriana , Palumbo Manlio , Marzaro Giovanni
Published: June 2017

Oncogenic activation of RET kinase has been found in several neoplastic diseases, like medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Currently approved RET inhibitors were not originally designed to be RET inhibitors, and their potency against RET kinase has not been optimized. Hence, novel compounds able to inhibit both wild‐type RET (wtRET) and its mutants (e.g., V804MRET) are needed. Herein we present the development and the preliminary evaluation of a new sub‐micromolar wtRET/V804MRET inhibitor, N‐(2‐fluoro‐5‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐N′‐{4′‐[(2′′‐benzamido)pyridin‐4′′‐ylamino]phenyl}urea (69), endowed with a 4‐anilinopyridine structure, starting from our previously identified 4‐anilinopyrimidine hit compound. Profiling against a panel of kinases indicated 69 as a multi cKIT/wtRET/V804MRET inhibitor.
Global and targeted serum metabolic profiling of colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Long Yin , Sanchez‐Espiridion Beatriz , Lin Moubin , White Lindsey , Mishra Lopa , Raju Gottumakkala S. , Kopetz Scott , Eng Cathy , Hildebrandt Michelle A. T. , Chang David W. , Ye Yuanqing , Liang Dong , Wu Xifeng
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Patients with colorectal adenoma polyps (PLPs) are at higher risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the development of improved and robust biomarkers to enable the screening, surveillance, and early detection of PLPs and CRC continues to be a challenge. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers of progression to CRC through metabolomic profiling of human serum samples with a multistage approach.

METHODS

Metabolomic profiling was conducted with the Metabolon platform for 30 CRC patients, 30 PLP patients, and 30 control subjects, and this was followed by the targeted validation of the top metabolites in an additional set of 50 CRC patients, 50 PLP patients, and 50 controls with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for covariates, were used to evaluate associations with PLP and CRC risk.

RESULTS

For the discovery phase, 404 serum metabolites were detected, with 50 metabolites showing differential levels between CRC patients, PLP patients, and controls (P for trend < .05). After validation, the 3 top metabolites (xanthine, hypoxanthine, and d‐mannose) were validated: lower levels of xanthine and hypoxanthine and higher levels of d‐mannose were found in PLP and CRC cases versus controls. A further exploratory analysis of metabolic pathways revealed key roles for the urea cycle and caffeine metabolism associated with PLP and CRC risk. In addition, a joint effect of the top metabolites with smoking and a significant interaction with the body mass index were observed. An analysis of the ratio of hypoxanthine levels to xanthine levels indicated an association with CRC progression.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest the potential utility of circulating metabolites as novel biomarkers for the early detection of CRC. Cancer 2017;123:4066‐74. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Light‐Induced PEGylation and Functionalization of Semiconductor Polymer Dots
Authors: Chen Haobin , Zhou Hua , Men Xiaoju , Sun Kai , Sun Zezhou , Fang Xiaofeng , Wu Changfeng
Published: June 2017

A semiconductor polymer with side‐chain oxetane groups was synthesized to form highly fluorescent, functionalized, and ultra‐stable polymer dots (Pdots). A facile light‐induced strategy covalently links functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules to polymer dots while simultaneously providing functional groups for bioconjugation. The influence of photo‐crosslinkable side‐chains and PEG molecules on the properties and performance of Pdots was systematically investigated. The Pdots functionalized by photo‐crosslinking show specific labeling and negligible non‐specific binding as compared to non‐functionalized Pdots. The results provide a viable strategy for nanoparticle assembly and functionalization.
Synergism between Naproxen and Rutin in a Mouse Model of Visceral Pain
Authors: Alonso‐Castro Angel Josabad , Rangel‐Velázquez Joceline Estefanía , Isiordia‐Espinoza Mario A. , Villanueva‐Solís Luis Enrique , Aragon‐Martinez Othoniel H. , Zapata‐Morales Juan Ramón
Published: June 2017

Preclinical Research

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive interaction between naproxen and the glycoside flavonoid, rutin in the acetic acid‐induced writhing test in mice. Naproxen (5, 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg p.o.) or rutin (10, 25, 50, and 100mg/kg p.o.) were administered 60 min before the intraperitoneal administration with acetic acid. The dose‐response curve of each individual compound and the experimental effective dose 50 (ED50) value were obtained to determinate different proportions of the combinations between the two compounds (naproxen‐rutin 1:1, 3:1, and 3:1) in the writhing test. The results indicated a synergistic antinociceptive interaction between two drugs with different mechanism of action, naproxen and rutin in all the combinations. Drug Dev Res 78 : 184–188, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A network analysis to compare biomarker profiles in patients with and without diabetes mellitus in acute heart failure
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Demissei Biniyam G. , Tromp Jasper , Hillege Hans L. , Cleland John G. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Metra Marco , Ponikowski Piotr , Teerlink John R. , Davison Beth A. , Givertz Michael M. , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Dittrich Howard , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Cotter Gad , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Khan Mohsin A.F. , Voors Adriaan A.
Published: June 2017

Aims

It is unclear whether distinct pathophysiological processes are present among patients with acute heart failure (AHF), with and without diabetes. Network analysis of biomarkers may identify correlative associations that reflect different pathophysiological pathways.

Methods and results

We analysed a panel of 48 circulating biomarkers measured within 24 h of admission for AHF in a subset of patients enrolled in the PROTECT trial. In patients with and without diabetes, we performed a network analysis to identify correlations between measured biomarkers. Compared with patients without diabetes (n = 1111), those with diabetes (n = 922) had a higher prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and traditional coronary risk factors. After multivariable adjustment, patients with and without diabetes had significantly different levels of biomarkers across a spectrum of pathophysiological domains, including inflammation (TNFR‐1a, periostin), cardiomyocyte stretch (BNP), angiogenesis (VEGFR, angiogenin), and renal function (NGAL, KIM-1) (adjusted P‐value <0.05). Among patients with diabetes, network analysis revealed that periostin strongly clustered with C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6. Furthermore, renal markers (creatinine and NGAL) closely associated with potassium and glucose. These findings were not seen among patients without diabetes.

Conclusion

Patients with AHF and diabetes, compared with those without diabetes, have distinct biomarker profiles. Network analysis suggests that cardiac remodelling, inflammation, and fibrosis are closely associated with each other in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, potassium levels may be sensitive to changes in renal function as reflected by the strong renal–potassium–glucose correlation. These findings were not seen among patients without diabetes and may suggest distinct pathophysiological processes among AHF patients with diabetes.
Production dynamics in relation to ontogenetic development and induction of genetic instability through in vitro approaches in Pelargonium graveolens: A potential essential oil crop of commercial significance
Authors: Pandith Shahzad A. , Dhar Niha , Wani Tareq A. , Razdan Sumeer , Bhat Wajid Waheed , Rana Satiander , Khan Shabnam , Verma Mahendra K. , Lattoo Surrinder K.
Published: June 2017

Rose‐scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’ Hért.) is a fragrant and bushy essential oil bearing crop of significant industrial and commercial importance. In an attempt to overcome the constraints imposed by sexual sterility for genetic improvement and restricted environmental adaptability of Pelargonium, the present study was aimed at exploring new niches for its cultivation in northern most sub‐tropical part of India (Jammu). The flowering stage was found to be the optimum stage for harvesting in relation to essential oil quantity (0.16–0.18%, Fresh Weight Basis; FWB) and quality (geraniol 18% and citronellol 37%) during different phenophases of plant growth. Dynamics of essential oil turnover correlated well with the glandular trichome ontogeny using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The present study also entailed induction of somaclonal variations via in vitro organogenesis. Organogenetic callus induction was achieved on B5 (Gamborg's) basal medium supplemented with kinetin/2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Kn/2,4‐D) and kinetin/indole‐3‐butyric acid (Kn/IBA). Frequency of callus induction ranged from 54–85%. Field established in vitro regenerated plants/somaclones displayed appreciable variability in fresh leaf biomass (365–2020 g, FWB), essential oil content (0.06%–0.26%) and quality (geraniol and citronellol as major constituents). To evaluate the genetic instability of calliclones, RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) markers were used to assess the genetic basis of variability. Further, the identity of Pelargonium was confirmed by DNA bar‐code analyses using three plant based barcoding loci (ITS, rbcL and psbA/trnH). They may be used as a standard reference system for varietal identification and protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Overall, the present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of Pelargonium cultivation in sub‐tropical niches as a short duration winter crop, with desirable essential oil content and composition for commercial purposes. It also establishes a viable method for induction of variability for genetic amelioration of sexually sterile crop.
Soft tissue angiofibroma: Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of 14 cases
Authors: Bekers Elise M , Groenen Patricia JTA , Verdijk Marian AJ , Raaijmakers‐van Geloof Winny L , Roepman Paul , Vink Robert , Gilhuijs Nathalie DB , van Gorp Joost M , Bovée Judith VMG , Creytens David H , Flanagan Adrienne M , Suurmeijer Albert JH , Mentzel Thomas , Arbajian Elsa , Flucke Uta
Published: June 2017

Soft tissue angiofibroma is rare and has characteristic histomorphological and genetic features. For diagnostic purposes, there are no specific antibodies available. Fourteen lesions (6 females, 8 males; age range 7‐67 years) of the lower extremities (12) and trunk (2) were investigated by immunohistochemistry, including for the first time NCOA2. NCOA2 was also tested in a control group of other spindle cell lesions. The known fusion‐genes (AHRR‐NCOA2 and GTF2I‐NCOA2) were examined using RT‐PCR in order to evaluate their diagnostic value. Cases in which no fusion gene was detected were additionally analysed by RNA sequencing. All cases tested showed nuclear expression of NCOA2. However, this was not specific since other spindle cell neoplasms also expressed this marker in a high percentage of cases. Other variably positive markers were EMA, SMA, desmin and CD34. STAT6 was negative in the cases tested. By RT‐PCR for the most frequently observed fusions, an AHRR‐NCOA2 fusion transcript was found in 9/14 cases. GTF2I‐NCOA2 was not detected in the remaining cases (n = 3). RNA sequencing revealed three additional positive cases; two harbored a AHRR‐NCOA2 fusion and one case a novel GAB1‐ABL1 fusion. Two cases failed molecular analysis due to poor RNA quality. In conclusion, the AHRR‐NCOA2 fusion is a frequent finding in soft tissue angiofibroma, while GTF2I‐NCOA2 seems to be a rare genetic event. For the first time, we report a GAB1‐ABL1 fusion in a soft tissue angiofibroma of a child. Nuclear expression of NCOA2 is not discriminating when compared with other spindle cell neoplasms.
Relationship between pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in autopsied elderly patients
Authors: Matsuda Yoko , Tanaka Masashi , Sawabe Motoji , Mori Seijiro , Muramatsu Masaaki , Mieno Makiko Naka , Furukawa Toru , Arai Tomio
Published: June 2017

We comparatively analyzed serially autopsied, elderly Japanese patients (n = 2205) with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) on the basis of their pancreatic lesions, clinical information, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The incidence of PanIN‐1, −2, −3, and PDACs in these patients was 55%, 12%, 1.4%, and 2.4%, respectively. The occurrence of PanINs was associated with female sex, increasing age, and lower body mass index. We did not identify any common SNPs between PanINs and PDACs. There were no common SNPs associated with PanINs and PDACs between men and women. In previously reported pancreatic cancer‐associated SNPs, rs3790844 (NR5A2) showed a significant correlation with PDAC in our cohort. Six SNPs (rs7016880, rs10096633, rs10503669, rs12678919, rs17482753, rs328) that were correlated with blood lipid levels were associated with the risk for PDACs. Our data suggest that different clinicopathological characteristics and predispositions may affect pancreatic carcinogenesis in elderly Japanese patients.
Porphyrin modified trastuzumab improves efficacy of HER2 targeted photodynamic therapy of gastric cancer
Authors: Korsak Barbara , Almeida Gabriela M. , Rocha Sara , Pereira Carla , Mendes Nuno , Osório Hugo , Pereira Patrícia M.R. , Rodrigues João M.M. , Schneider Rudolf J. , Sarmento Bruno , Tomé João P.C. , Oliveira Carla
Published: June 2017

Gastric cancer (GC) is the 3rd deadliest cancer worldwide, due to limited treatment options and late diagnosis. Human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2) is overexpressed in ∼20% of GC cases and anti‐HER2 antibody trastuzumab in combination with conventional chemotherapy, is recognized as standard therapy for HER2‐positive metastatic GC. This strategy improves GC patients' survival by 2–3 months, however its optimal results in breast cancer indicate that GC survival may be improved. A new photoimmunoconjugate was developed by conjugating a porphyrin with trastuzumab (Trast:Porph) for targeted photodynamic therapy in HER2‐positive GC. Using mass spectrometry analysis, the lysine residues in the trastuzumab structure most prone for porphyrin conjugation were mapped. The in vitro data demonstrates that Trast:Porph specifically binds to HER2‐positive cells, accumulates intracellularly, co‐localizes with lysosomal marker LAMP1, and induces massive HER2‐positive cell death upon cellular irradiation. The high selectivity and cytotoxicity of Trast:Porph based photoimmunotherapy is confirmed in vivo in comparison with trastuzumab alone, using nude mice xenografted with a HER2‐positive GC cell line. In the setting of human disease, these data suggest that repetitive cycles of Trast:Porph photoimmunotherapy may be used as an improved treatment strategy in HER2‐positive GC patients.
Declining Rates of Hip Fracture in End-Stage Renal Disease: Analysis From the 2003–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Kim Sun Moon , Liu Sai , Long Jin , Montez-Rath Maria E , Leonard Mary B , Chertow Glenn M
Published: June 2017

The incidence of hip fracture in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is considerably higher than that in the general age- and sex-matched population. Although medical therapy for chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) has changed considerably over the last decade, rates of hip fracture in the entire ESRD population have not been well-characterized. Herein, we evaluated temporal trends in rates of hip fracture, in-hospital mortality, and costs of associated hospital stay in ESRD. We identified hospitalizations for hip fracture from 2003 to 2011 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a representative national database inclusive of all ages and payers. We incorporated data from the United States Renal Data System and the US Census to calculate population-specific rates. Between 2003 and 2011, we identified 47,510 hip fractures in the ESRD population. The overall rate of hip fracture was 10.04/1000 person-years. The rate was 3.73/1000 person-years in patients aged less than 65 years, and 20.97/1000 person-years in patients aged 65 or older. Age- and sex-standardized rates decreased by 12.6% from 2003 (10.23/1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.99/1000 to 12.47/1000) to 2011 (8.94/1000 person-years; 95% CI, 7.12/1000 to 10.75/1000). Hip fracture rates over time were virtually identical in patients aged less than 65 years; however, rates decreased by 15.3% among patients aged 65 years or older; rates declined more rapidly in older women compared with older men (p for interaction = 0.047). In-hospital mortality rate after hip fracture operation declined by 26.7% from 2003 (8.6%; 95% CI, 6.8 to 10.4) to 2011 (6.3%; 95% CI, 4.9 to 7.7). In ESRD, age- and sex-standardized hip fracture rates and associated in-hospital mortality have declined substantially over the last decade. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
TP73‐AS1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through miR‐200a‐mediated TFAM inhibition
Authors: Yao Jia , Xu Feng , Zhang Danhua , Yi Wenjun , Chen Xianyu , Chen Gannong , Zhou Enxiang
Published: June 2017

P73 antisense RNA 1T (TP73‐AS1 or PDAM) is a long non‐coding RNA, which can regulate apoptosis through regulation of p53 signaling‐related anti‐apoptotic genes. An abnormal change of TP73‐AS1 expression was noticed in cancers. The effects of TP73‐AS1 in breast cancer (BC) growth and the underlying mechanism remain unclear so far. In the present study, the effect of TP73‐AS1 in BC cell lines and clinical tumor samples was detected so as to reveal its role and function. In the present study, TP73‐AS1 was specifically upregulated in BC tissues and BC cell lines and was correlated to a poorer prognosis in patients with BC. TP73‐AS1 knocking down suppressed human BC cell proliferation in vitro through regulation of TFAM. In our previous study, we demonstrated that miR‐200a inhibits BC cell proliferation through targeting TFAM; here we revealed that TP73‐AS1 could regulate miR‐200a through direct targeting. Moreover, TP73‐AS1 might compete with TFAM for miR‐200a binding thus to promote TFAM expression. Data from the present study revealed that TP73‐AS1 promoted BC cell proliferation through acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR‐200a. In conclusion, we regarded TP73‐AS1 as an oncogenic lncRNA promoting BC cell proliferation and a potential target for human BC treatment.
Classification of pancreaticobiliary maljunction and clinical features in children
Authors: Urushihara Naoto , Hamada Yoshinori , Kamisawa Terumi , Fujii Hideki , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Morotomi Yoshiki , Saito Takeshi , Itoi Takao , Kaneko Kenitiro , Fukuzawa Hiroaki , Ando Hisami
Published: June 2017

Background

In 2015, the Committee on Diagnostic Criteria of the Japanese Study Group on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction (PBM) proposed a classification of PBM into four types: (A) stenotic type, (B) non‐stenotic type, (C) dilated channel type, and (D) complex type. To validate this classification and clarify the clinical features of the four types of PBM, a retrospective multicenter study was conducted.

Methods

The study group of 317 children with PBM was divided into the four types of PBM. Clinical features, preoperative complications, operations, and postoperative pancreatic complications were evaluated.

Results

All patients underwent excision of the extrahepatic bile duct. In type A, the age was younger and there was a higher incidence of cystic dilatation. Non‐dilatation of the common bile duct was frequently seen in type B. Abdominal pain with hyperamylasemia was frequently seen in types B and C. In particular, the incidence of protein plugs and biliary perforation was high in type C (56.1% and 14.3%, respectively). The overall incidence of acute pancreatitis was 7.3%. Pancreatitis after excisional surgery was rare in the children in this study. Two patients with type D (0.6%) developed chronic pancreatitis postoperatively.

Conclusions

This proposed classification is simple and correlates well with clinical features.
In‐scan and scan–rescan assessment of LV in‐ and outflow volumes by 4D flow MRI versus 2D planimetry
Authors: Kamphuis Vivian P. , van der Palen Roel L.F. , de Koning Patrick J.H. , Elbaz Mohammed S.M. , van der Geest Rob J. , de Roos Albert , Roest Arno A.W. , Westenberg Jos J.M.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the in‐scan and scan–rescan consistency of left ventricular (LV) in‐ and outflow assessment from 1) 2D planimetry; 2) 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with retrospective valve tracking, and 3) 4D flow MRI with particle tracing.

Materials and Methods

Ten healthy volunteers (age 27 ± 3 years) underwent multislice cine short‐axis planimetry and whole‐heart 4D flow MRI on a 3T MRI scanner twice with repositioning between the scans. LV in‐ and outflow was compared from 1) 2D planimetry; 2) 4D flow MRI with retrospective valve tracking over the mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV), and 3) 4D flow MRI with particle tracing through forward and backward integration of velocity data.

Results

In‐scan consistency between MV and AV flow volumes is excellent for both 4D flow MRI methods with r ≥ 0.95 (P ≤ 0.001). In‐scan AV and MV flow by retrospective valve tracking shows good to excellent correlations versus AV and MV flow by particle tracing (r ≥ 0.81, P ≤ 0.004). Scan–rescan SV assessment by 2D planimetry shows excellent reproducibility (intraclass correlation [ICC] = 0.98, P < 0.001, coefficient of variation [CV] = 7%). Scan–rescan MV and AV flow volume assessment by retrospective valve tracking shows strong reproducibility (ICCs ≥ 0.89, P ≤ 0.05, CVs = 12%), as well as by forward and backward particle tracing (ICCs ≥ 0.90, P ≤ 0.001, CVs ≤ 11%). Multicomponent particle tracing shows good scan–rescan reproducibility (ICCs ≥ 0.81, P ≤ 0.007, CVs ≤ 16%).

Conclusion

LV in‐ and outflow assessment by 2D planimetry and 4D flow MRI with retrospective valve tracking and particle tracing show good in‐scan consistency and strong scan–rescan reproducibility, which indicates that both 4D flow MRI methods are reliable and can be used clinically.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy Stage: 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:511–522.
Histogram analyses of diffusion kurtosis indices and apparent diffusion coefficient in assessing liver regeneration after ALPPS and a comparative study with portal vein ligation
Authors: Sheng Ruo‐fan , Wang He‐qing , Jin Kai‐pu , Yang Li , Liu Hao , Ji Yuan , Fu Cai‐xia , Zeng Meng‐su
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To investigate the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) histogram analysis in assessing liver regeneration and the microstructure basis after associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), in comparison with portal vein ligation (PVL).

Materials and Methods

Thirty rats were divided into the ALPPS, PVL, and control groups. Histograms of DKI using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner were performed for corrected apparent diffusion (D), kurtosis (K), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Mean, median, skewness, kurtosis, and the percentiles (5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th) were generated and compared, and radiologic–pathologic correlations were evaluated.

Results

There were more significant volume increases of the right median lobe after ALPPS than PVL (P = 0.0304/0.0017). The ALPPS group had larger hepatocyte size (P = 0.009/0.000), higher Ki‐67 and hepatocyte growth factor expression (P = 0.001–0.036) compared with both PVL and control groups. Mean, median, 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th percentiles of D map in ALPPS were lower than the control group (P = 0.001–0.022). Skewness and 75th, 95th percentiles of K map in ALPPS were higher than the PVL group (P = 0.011–0.042). No differences existed in the ADC map between groups (P = 0.073–0.291). Mean, median, 5th, 25th, 50th percentiles of D map, and 5th percentile of K map showed significant correlations with hepatocyte size (r = −0.582 to –0.426); no significant correlations were found in ADC parameters (P = 0.460–0.934).

Conclusion

ALPPS induced true accelerated liver hypertrophy, superior to that seen with PVL. Histogram analysis of diffusion kurtosis indices may provide added values in evaluating liver regeneration and the intrinsic microstructure basis after ALPPS in comparison with the standard monoexponential ADC.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy Stage: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:729–736.
PET/MRI for evaluating subclinical inflammation of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Shih I‐Lun , Wei Shu‐Chen , Yen Rouh‐Fang , Chang Chin‐Chen , Ko Chi‐Lun , Lin Been‐Ren , Shun Chia‐Tung , Liu Kao‐Lang , Wong Jau‐Min , Chang Yeun‐Chung
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To explore the utility of integrated positron emission tomography (PET) / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating subclinical inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Materials and Methods

This prospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and informed consent was obtained. Between November 2015 and April 2016, 19 consecutive patients with UC in clinical remission were enrolled. These patients underwent 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI (3T) and colonoscopy. Serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and fecal calprotectin (FC) levels were also obtained. The findings of colonoscopy were graded using the Mayo endoscopic subscore. Quantitative (minimum apparent diffusion coefficient [ADCmin] and maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax]), semiquantitative, and qualitative parameters of PET/MRI were evaluated and correlated with colonoscopic findings.

Results

In per‐segment analysis, ADCmin was significantly lower and SUVmax and ratio of SUVmax to ADCmin were significantly higher in the colonic segments with active inflammation (Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥2) (P < 0.05). Qualitative MRI score, PET activity grade, and PET/MRI score were also significantly higher in the colonic segments with active inflammation (P < 0.05). Among these parameters, the ratio of SUVmax to ADCmin exhibited the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.763). In per‐patient analysis, the AUC of PET activity grade was 0.778, higher than those of hs‐CRP (0.589) and FC (0.722). Using a combined index of FC and PET, an even higher AUC (0.867) was achieved.

Conclusion

PET/MRI is a potentially useful tool in identifying subclinical inflammation in patients with UC.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:737–745.
Heat wave and cold spell changes in Iberia for a future climate scenario
Authors: Pereira Susana Cardoso , Marta‐Almeida Martinho , Carvalho Ana Cristina , Rocha Alfredo
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the impacts of climate change scenario on summer heat waves' (HWs) and winter cold spells' (CSs) characteristics for 12 locations over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). These characteristics are duration, recovery factor and intensity. Two future time slices of the chosen scenario are studied, namely, the periods 2046–2065 and 2081–2100 which are compared with a reference climate for the recent‐past (1986–2005). TheRCP8.5 greenhouse gas emission scenario is considered. The minimum and maximum daily temperature were obtained for these periods through regional model simulations using the Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) model forced with theMPI‐ESM‐LRmodel. The model was validated againstEOBSandSPAIN02datasets. The model shows 90th/10th percentile temperature (i.e. thresholds to identifyHW/CS) biases. Therefore,HW/CSnumbers and properties were evaluated using the model's respective thresholds.HW/CSnumbers and characteristics were also compared between the model andEOBSderived data. Probability density functions (PDFs) of the duration, recovery factor and intensity show significant changes in the mean and variance for the summerHWs. Differences, between future and recent‐past climate in the extremes are evaluated by the 95th percentile which show an increase in the duration and intensity of theHWsfor the future time slices. Very fewCSswere detectable in the mid‐term future (2046–2065) and none in the long‐term future (2080–2100), except for Barcelona. For most locations, theCSfor the future are of smaller duration and intensity. ThePDFof the recovery factor suggests smaller absolute differences between the minimum and maximum temperature during winter which is also confirmed by the percentile analysis. The increase in the duration and intensity ofHWsis greater in the long‐term future than in the mid‐term future, pointing for a warmerIPwith more and longerHWstowards the end of theXXIcentury.
The influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial diversity of air temperature in the area of Forlandsundet (NW Spitsbergen) during 2010–2013
Authors: Przybylak Rajmund , Araźny Andrzej , Ulandowska‐Monarcha Patrycja
Published: June 2017

The relationship between atmospheric circulation and climate in Svalbard has been described in dozens of studies. However, the data used for that purpose usually came from permanent stations on the coast. The influence of atmospheric circulation on topoclimatic diversity has not been explored so often, and hardly at all for other periods than the Arctic summer. In this article, the relationships between circulation and air temperature are described using daily data sourced from six sites located around Forlandsundet (NW Spitsbergen) during 2010–2013. The analysis was conducted independently for three seasons identified as: winter (Nov–Mar), spring/autumn (Apr–May and Sep–Oct) and summer (Jun–Aug) and also for three air temperature parameters: diurnal mean (Ti), maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature. The atmospheric circulation in the studied area was described using Tadeusz Niedźwiedź's classification of diurnal circulation types for Svalbard. The influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial pattern of air temperature is not uniform across the Forlandsundet region; in particular, important differences were observed between coastal and inland parts of the study area. Thus, generalization of relationships between air temperature and atmospheric circulation for the entire area of Spitsbergen based on data only from coastal stations is not appropriate. The influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial pattern of air temperature in the Forlandsundet region also changes through the year. In the cold season (Sep–May) it differs significantly from that observed in summer (Jun–Aug), and this feature is also seen in analyses of the 10% highest (≥ 90th percentile) and lowest (≤ 10th percentile) thermal differences. In summer, the influence of atmospheric circulation on air temperature in the topoclimatic scale is definitely less stable than in the cold season.
Determining the orientation angle of directional leads for deep brain stimulation using computed tomography and digital x‐ray imaging: A phantom study
Authors: Sitz Alexander , Hoevels Mauritius , Hellerbach Alexandra , Gierich Andreas , Luyken Klaus , Dembek Till A. , Klehr Martin , Wirths Jochen , Visser‐Vandewalle Veerle , Treuer Harald
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Orientating the angle of directional leads for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in an axial plane introduces a new degree of freedom that is indicated by embedded anisotropic directional markers. Our aim was to develop algorithms to determine lead orientation angles from computed tomography (CT) and stereotactic x‐ray imaging using standard clinical protocols, and subsequently assess the accuracy of both methods.

Methods

In CT the anisotropic marker artifact was taken as a signature of the lead orientation angle and analyzed using discrete Fourier transform of circular intensity profiles. The orientation angle was determined from phase angles at a frequency 2/360° and corrected for aberrations at oblique leads. In x‐ray imaging, frontal and lateral images were registered to stereotactic space and sub‐images containing directional markers were extracted. These images were compared with projection images of an identically located virtual marker at different orientation angles. A similarity index was calculated and used to determine the lead orientation angle. Both methods were tested using epoxy phantoms containing directional leads (Cartesia™, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, USA) with known orientation. Anthropomorphic phantoms were used to compare both methods for DBS cases.

Results

Mean deviation between CT and x‐ray was 1.5° ± 3.6° (range: −2.3° to 7.9°) for epoxy phantoms and 3.6° ± 7.1° (range: −5.6° to 14.6°) for anthropomorphic phantoms. After correction for imperfections in the epoxy phantoms, the mean deviation from ground truth was 0.0° ± 5.0° (range: −12° to 14°) for x‐ray. For CT the results depended on the polar angle of the lead in the scanner. Mean deviation was −0.3° ± 1.9° (range: −4.6° to 6.6°) or 1.6° ± 8.9° (range: −23° to 34°) for polar angles ≤ 40° or > 40°.

Conclusions

The results show that both imaging modalities can be used to determine lead orientation angles with high accuracy. CT is superior to x‐ray imaging, but oblique leads (polar angle > 40°) show limited precision due to the current design of the directional marker.
Coupling of solid deformation and pore pressure for undrained deformation—a discrete element method approach
Authors: Cui Yifei , Chan Dave , Nouri Alireza
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a numerical scheme for fluid‐particle coupling that uses the discrete element method by taking into consideration solid deformation and pore pressure generation. A new water particle element is introduced to calculate pore water pressure due to porosity changes. The water particle element has the same size and shape as the solid element and experiences the same amount of deformation. On the basis of the effective stress principle at the element contact, the total force is equal to the sum of the force transmitted through the solid element contact and the water particle force due to pore water pressure. Analytical solutions of traditional soil mechanics problems, such as isotropic compression and consolidated triaxial undrained test, are used to quantitatively validate the proposed model. The numerical results show good agreement between the model and the analytical solutions. The model therefore provides an effective method to calculate pore pressure in a porous medium in discrete modeling.