bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecuador: fomento productivo e industrial bajo la Revolución Ciudadana, un ensayo en clave posneoliberal
Authors: Ruiz Acosta Miguel Arnulfo
Published: January 2020

El siguiente artículo se centra en las políticas de fomento productivo e industrial del Gobierno de la Revolución Ciudadana en Ecuador, entre 2007 y 2015, señalando sus alcances y limitaciones. Además de proporcionar un panorama global de las mismas, también se abordan algunos aspectos de carácter más puntual, como son: las políticas sectoriales para el cambio de la matriz productiva; la política agropecuaria orientada a la sustitución de importaciones y al fomento de las exportaciones y la política de sustitución estratégica de importaciones. La investigación muestra que, pese a las no siempre coherentes políticas de fomento productivo, la apuesta ecuatoriana por el neodesarrollismo sí logro revertir, en diversa medida, algunas de las tendencias más graves del período anterior, como el abandono de un proyecto nacional y de la capacidad regulatoria del Estado en materia económica.
Acciones políticas del Estado ecuatoriano para la prevención de trata infantil con fines de explotación laboral
Authors: Subía Cabrera Andrea Carolina , Gómez Escorcha Jesús Antonio
Published: January 2020

El siguiente estudio tuvo como objetivo abordar las acciones políticas del Estado ecuatoriano para la prevención de la trata infantil con fines de explotación laboral durante el año 2017. Resultado del análisis de la información legislativa y de la  literatura secundaria existente, se advierte en el país la presencia de delitos relacionados con la trata infantil, es decir, la recepción y transporte de niños menores de 18 años, con el propósito de someterlos al trabajo forzoso y formas de servidumbre con fines de explotación laboral infantil. Sin embargo, el Estado ecuatoriano combate este tipo de delito infantil bajo el enfoque de derechos humanos mediante los ejes de prevención, protección y persecución por medio de una serie de acciones políticas que contribuyen a prevenir este tipo de delito. No obstante, estas políticas requieren de continuidad por parte del Estado ecuatoriano para llegar a ser efectivas.
Sistema internacional e integración de América del Sur
Authors: Wexell Severo Luciano
Published: January 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es reflexionar e interpretar la integración regional de América del Sur en el marco de un sistema internacional jerárquico, expansivo y en permanente transformación desde su origen, en el siglo xv. Pese a esas características estructurales, es evidente que algunas unidades nacionales tienen la posibilidad de contestar el orden jerárquico y moverse. Dicho  movimiento depende de una cantidad de variables, como las condiciones materiales y simbólicas, endógenas y exógenas, además de la continuada decisión política de las coaliciones de poder nacionales para adoptar estrategias de catch-up. Tanto el desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas, hacia dentro, cuanto la mayor autonomía, hacia fuera, pueden ser impulsados por la integración regional. Esa puede convertirse, simultáneamente, en energía potencializadora de los dos esfuerzos, de desarrollo y autonomía. Sin embargo, los éxitos o retrocesos del proceso de integración  regional dependerán de la existencia de un país con condiciones de sostener política y económicamente el empuje. Además de las capacidades materiales y simbólicas necesarias, sería fundamental una voluntad estratégica expresada en políticas claras del líder, perdurables en el tiempo, que sostengan la deconstrucción de las asimetrías y obtengan el respaldo de los demás países.
Lo que el poder se llevó: la geoeconomía de los recursos energéticos entre China y América Latina
Authors: Chávez Nashira , Lee Po Chun
Published: January 2020

Este artículo analiza la relación geoeconómica del sector energético entre China y América Latina. Mediante los conceptos de Scholvin y Wigell y el marco conceptual coincidente de Blackwill y Harris, el presente estudio examina la política y la estrategia geoeconómica de China hacia los recursos estratégicos de la región latinoamericana. Evidenciando datos y patrones de consumo y producción de recursos energéticos, se observa que los instrumentos financieros para la inversión y adquisición de recursos energéticos tienen una lógica empresarial guiada por el cálculo de beneficios y una estrategia comercial de mejorar las oportunidades de las empresas chinas en mercados extranjeros. Esto lleva a que la aproximación de seguridad se releve a un papel secundario y desmiente la intención de China de monopolizar el abastecimiento de fuentes energéticas. La suma de un comercio en aumento, la escalada de la IED, la presencia de empresas nacionales chinas y la complementariedad de sus economías, han colocado a China entre los principales socios de América Latina, lo que presta atención a la manera que estos vínculos influirán en el comportamiento y normas de sus países socios. En tal contexto, se reviste un gran interés por el aumento de la participación económica de China en una región considerada como la esfera de influencia de Estados Unidos.
El Sistema Unitario de Compensación Regional de Pagos como mecanismo de búsqueda de autonomía monetaria en Ecuador
Authors: Pavón Abalco Mishell Geoconda
Published: January 2020

Ecuador se encuentra dolarizado desde el año 2000. Una puñalada a la soberanía, autonomía y desarrollo de sus pueblos. Sin embargo, nace en 2008 el Sistema Unitario de Compensación Regional  de Pagos (Sucre), en el marco de la Nueva Arquitectura Financiera Regional (NAFR); el Sucre tiene el objetivo del progresivo desacoplamiento de la dependencia del dólar como moneda internacional entre sus países miembros. En el caso de Ecuador, el Sucre ayudaría a mitigar su dependencia también como moneda nacional; esta es la hipótesis del trabajo. Así, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el alcance del Sucre como mecanismo generador de autonomía monetaria para la economía dolarizada del Ecuador, por medio del ahorro de esta divisa en el comercio dentro del Sucre. La metodología adoptada es revisión bibliográfica y análisis de datos cuantitativos de la participación del Ecuador publicados por el Sucre y el Banco Central del Ecuador desde 2010-2017. El resultado encontrado es que el ahorro de dólares es ínfimo, menos del 0,01 % del total de sus importaciones mundiales, pero se concluye que este mecanismo tiene fuerte potencial para la generación de autonomía monetaria si se lo fortalece. El estudio es limitado para Ecuador, dada la dolarización de su economía.
Transgresión del derecho al desarrollo desde la (anti)cooperación derivada del derecho a la transferencia de tecnología
Authors: Duarte Molina Tirson Mauricio
Published: January 2020

El propósito del estudio es plantear, desde la hermenéutica de Ricoeur, la forma en la que la tendencia al desarrollo, enmarcado en el derecho que lleva su nombre, se ha válido de diferentes instrumentos, como el derecho a la transferencia de tecnologías y la cooperación internacional de carácter técnico, para su realización y la transformación de la sociedad hacia un estado superior: la sociedad del conocimiento. Así, tomando a Žižek como expositor de la teoría crítica de la modernidad, y efectuando un esbozo respecto a las categorías mencionadas, se procura la demostración del traslapo suscitado respecto de los instrumentos de realización del derecho al desarrollo, dándose una transfiguración en la cooperación, que se instaura como un aparato ideológico de la hegemonía capitalista originador de las interferencias Norte-Sur y del discurso de autorreferenciación que, bajo el espectro de la ideología, imposibilita la diferencia entre lo “nuevo” y lo “viejo”, generando situaciones que son propias de las contradicciones del (pos)modernismo, en el cual la transferencia de tecnologías consigue efectos contrarios a los esperados y presuponen la evolución de la sociedad hacia el Estado transnacional.
Influencia de la inversión española directa en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú
Authors: Herrera Heredia María , Cumandá Montesdeoca Lourdes
Published: January 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es medir la contribución que los flujos de la inversión extranjera directa (IED) española han tenido en el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) de Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, dado que España ha sido por mucho tiempo un importante proveedor de capitales no solo para estos tres países sino para toda la región. En el caso de las tres economías, los montos de entrada han sido muy significativos en los últimos años, con 1233 millones en 2016 y 2285 millones de dólares en 2017 en conjunto. Además de las estimaciones econométricas, se ha considerado un análisis crítico sobre el marco teórico-conceptual de la IED en Latinoamérica y una descripción de las estadísticas oficiales proporcionadas por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Cepal), así como datos oficiales de los Bancos Centrales de Colombia, Ecuador y Perú y del Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo de España. Los resultados de la investigación cuantitativa establecen que existe una elasticidad positiva corregida entre el total de la IED sobre el PIB, de 0,48, lo cual explica una dependencia media entre los flujos de capital de España y el crecimiento de las tres economías andinas. Adicionalmente, el ejercicio también explicita una relación negativa del orden del 0,09, en el caso concreto del sector telecomunicaciones, misma que se considera baja, aunque llama la atención su signo.
Study on the Formulation and Pharmacotechnical Characterization of Hydrophilic Matrix Tables with Amiodarone Chlorhydrate
Authors: Creteanu Andreea , Stefanache Alina , Vieriu Madalina , Tantaru Gladiola , Ochiuz Lacramioara
Published: January 2020

The study is based on new oral matrix tablets based on Kollidon®SR and chitosan, formulated in order to optimize the low oral bioavailability of amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic drug. Pharmacotechnical characterization included the analysis of flowability and compressibility properties (flow time, friction coefficient, angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr Index), and of pharmaco-chemical characteristics (mass and dose uniformity, thickness, diameter, mechanical strength, friability, degree of softening, in vitro release profile) of the tablets obtained using direct compression method. The results obtained have shown that both Kollidon®SR and chitosan may be used as matrix forming agents when combined with amiodarone. In vitro dissolution tests revealed that the nine formulations studied provided a prolonged release of amiodarone when compared to an industrial pharmaceutical product formulated as conventional release tablets.
Complex Compounds of Sm(III) with Chlorhexidine Synthesis, characterization, luminescent properties and antibacterial activity
Authors: Calinescu Mirela , Stoica Catalina , Nita-Lazar Mihai
Published: January 2020

Three new samarium(III) complex compounds with chlorhexidine as ligand and mixed ligands chlorhexidine/o-phenanthroline have been prepared and characterized by elemental and thermogravimetrical analyses, infrared, electronic and luminescence spectra. The complexes corresponded to the formulas: [Sm(CHX)(NO3)2]� NO3, [Sm(CHX)(o-phen)2]� (NO3)3 and [Sm2(CHX)(o-phen)2(NO3)4]�(NO3)2, where CHX was the chlorhexidine. Chlorhexidine acted as neutral tetradentate NNNN donor, coordinating through the four imine nitrogen atoms. The two mixed ligands complexes showed a strong luminescent emission in solid state, characteristic of samarium(III) ion. The metal complexes and the chlorhexidine diacetate were in vitro evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against two Gram negative bacteria. The results revealed that all compounds were very effective in reducing the bacterial growth rate, even at low concentration.
S-Alkylated 1,2,4-Triazoles Derivatives Synthesis, spectral analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Barbuceanu Stefania-Felicia , Olaru Octavian Tudorel , Socea Laura-Ileana , Draghici Constantin , Saramet Gabriel , Baraitareanu Stelian , Socea Bogdan , Barbuceanu Florica
Published: January 2020

This paper presents synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of six S-alkylated 1,2,4-triazoles derivatives that were obtained by treatment of some 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones containing in the molecule phenylsulfonylphenyl and propyl or 4-bromophenylsulfonylphenyl and 4-methoxyphenyl fragments with different alkylation agents (ethyl bromide, ethyl chloroacetate or phenacyl bromide) in basic media. The synthesized compounds were physico-chemically characterized and the IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra were consistent with the assigned structures. The cytotoxicity of S-alkylated derivatives was evaluated on Daphnia magna crustacean.
Phytochemical Profile and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Sempervivum ruthenicum Koch Hydroethanolic Extract
Authors: Mihai Sebastian , Dumitrescu Denisa , Raducanu Madalina Ana , Stoicescu Iuliana , Badea Victoria
Published: January 2020

The scope of this work is a phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity assay of a Sempervivum ruthenicum Koch hydroethanolic extract. The hydroethanolic extract was prepared from the dried leaves of the plant by maceration in a water and methanol mixture (50:50 v/v). The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated to be 3.0501�0.0272 mg/mL and the total flavonoid content was determined in a concentration of 3.113�0.0394 mg/mL. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed phenolic acids and flavonoids, which were quantified. The most prevalent phenolic acids in the extracts were gallic and ellagic acids, with concentrations of 1.2443�0.0475 mg/mL, respectively 0.6339�0.0026 mg/mL. The heteroside astragalin was present in high concentration of 1.1934�0.0754 mg/mL. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay revealed the EC50 value of the extract to be 2.5788�0.003 mg/mL. These results suggest a good scavenging ability of the extract, which is due to the abundance of polyphenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of the extract demonstrates a high scavenging ability at low doses. Sempervivum ruthenicum Koch shows a promising phytochemical profile that suggests it�s use in pathological conditions that involve high oxidative stress.
Intensification of the Enzymatic Esterification Process by Ultrasounds
Authors: Vartolomei Anamaria , Calinescu Ioan , Vinatoru Mircea , Gavrila Adina Ionuta
Published: January 2020

Ultrasound application is a method of enhancing the performance of biocatalysts. Enzymes performance is strongly influenced by the nature of the reaction medium. Ultrasounds have the potential to significantly influence the activity of the enzymatic processes, provided that the energy input is not too high to inactivate the enzyme. In the present paper a systematic study on ultrasound-assisted enzymatic esterification for aroma esters preparation is described. Thus, by ultrasound assisted enzymatic esterification i-amyl acetate was obtained. The method is efficient, mild, and environmentally benign. Significant improvements were obtained in comparison to conventional method. The results show a favourable perspective of the ultrasound technique to improve the process efficiency and reduce the reaction time. The commercial aroma esters synthesis will be potentially realized due to this ultrasound-promoted esters synthesis method.
The Realtionship Between Inflammation and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)-A Matter of Gender?
Authors: Sitar Taut Adela Viviana , Orasan Olga , Fodor Adriana , Farcas Anca Daniela , Sarlea Simina Tarmure , Dogaru Gabriela , Zdrenghea Dumitru Tudor , Pop Dana , Cozma Angela
Published: January 2020

Were investigated the relationship between gender, cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. 100 consecutive patients (75 women), 73 with MetS, mean age 57.52�9.77 years, were examined. Adhesion molecules (sICAM1, sVCAM1) were measured in the stored serum samples collected using the ELISA method. The classification of MetS was based on IDF guidelines. The study was carried out at the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. MetS patients presented lower sICAM1 values (225.01�86.75 ng/mL vs 234.22�82.23 ng/mL, p=NS), but higher sVCAM1 values (605.34�298.69 ng/mL vs 552.29�233.77 ng/mL, p=NS). Differences between patients with vs without metabolic syndrome were found only in men for sICAM1 (194.73�37.92 ng/mL vs 282�27.15 ng/mL, p[0.001). Considering the HOMA index, a significant difference for sICAM1 was found in men (patients within the upper quartile vs the lower quartile, p=0.002), but also between women and men within the upper quartile of HOMA (for sICAM1 p=0.038). No significant differences were found for sVCAM1. In the case of males, sICAM1 was an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome, with a very good capacity to identify metabolic syndrome (AUROC=0.987, p=0.0001, Se=89.47%, Sp=100%). In conclusion, just in men, sICAM1 seems to have an excellent capacity to differentiate between MetS+ and MetS- patients, to predict MetS development.
The Study of Antioxidant Capacity in Extracts from Vegetal Sources with Hypoglycaemic Action
Authors: Olah Neli Kinga , Petrescu Sorina , Marian Eleonora , Jurca Tunde , Marc Felicia , Dobjanschi Luciana , Honiges Ana , Kiss Rita , Bechir Edwin Sever , Bechir Farah , Ciavoi Gabriela
Published: January 2020

In the dental office, diabetes mellitus is a chronic affection that many patients suffer. Apart from the treatment of all diabetic patients, they use homeopathic medicines. We consider the importance of knowing these extracted hypoglycemic plants and their way of acting by the dentist.In this study we investigated some extracts obtained from vegetal sources used by hypoglycaemic action: Juglans regia L. -nut, Morus nigra L. -black mulberry, Olea europaea L. -olive. We followed the level of antioxidant compounds and the antioxidant capacity in the alcoholic extracts. Our results indicate higher antioxidant efficiency in the extracts from young plant parts, with meristematic tissues, and also a modified phytochemical profile, compared to the extract from mature plant parts.
Ultrastructural Aspects of Yersinia ruckeri Cells after Treatment with Non-thermal Plasma-activated Water
Authors: Lupu Andrei Cristian , Bostanaru Andra-Cristina , Mares Mihai , Ursu Laura , Roman Constantin , Mindru Raluca , Miron Liviu Dan
Published: January 2020

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease (ERM, yersiniosis), one of the most important diseases that affects particularly farmed salmonids species. Numerous articles have demonstrated that Y. ruckeri can cause both epizootics and zoonosis. Y. ruckeri shows the ability to survive outside the host in nutrient-limiting environments for long periods due to biofilms forming capacity with adherence to solid supports but also for the adherence to the host tissues. Considering these aspects, the control of Y. ruckeri can be a problem, because of its resistance. Recently, non-thermal plasma activated water (PAW) proved to be active against Gram-negative bacteria and this fact could be also useful in Y. ruckeri control. The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the antimicrobial efficacy of PAW against Y. ruckeri and to explore the ultrastructural changes in these bacteria. Ultrastructural changes in Y. ruckeri cells, probably related to the action of PAW, included modifications in the shape and texture of the outer membrane. These changes in the bacterial membrane have been linked with the inactivation of bacteria by PAW exposure.
Cross Sectional Study Regarding the Association Between Sweetened Beverages Intake, Fast-food Products, Body Mass Index, Fasting Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure in the Young Adults from North-western Romania
Authors: Popa Amorin Remus , Vesa Cosmin Mihai , Uivarosan Diana , Jurca Claudia Maria , Isvoranu Gheorghita , Socea Bogdan , Stanescu Ana Maria Alexandra , Iancu Mihaela Adela , Scarneciu Ioan , Zaha Dana Carmen
Published: January 2020

The study investigated the association between the frequency of sweetened beverages intake and body mass index, diet choices, hypertension, and glycaemia in 1158 individuals from north western Romania, aged between 20 and 39 years. We found a high prevalence (87.48%) of soda consumption. There was a linear correlation between the number of sweetened beverages servings/week and unhealthy lifestyle expressed as frequency of fast-food consumption. A significant statistical association was found between soda consumption and prevalence of high blood pressure and impaired fasting glycaemia. Individuals who did not consumed sweetened beverages, had a prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and hypertension of 6% and respectively 13%; those who consumed more than 8 servings/week had a prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and hypertension of 19%. Inappropriate nutrition (lack of fruits and vegetables in food, consumption of fats and processed sugars or added sugars beverages) have increased the incidence of chronic diseases. We consider that public health policies regarding soda consumption are required.
Chlorate Electrochemical Removal from Aqueous Media Based on a Possible Autocatalytic Mechanism
Authors: Badea Gabriela Elena , Aleya Lotfi , Mustatea Petronel , Tit Delia Mirela , Endres Laura , Bungau Simona , Cioca Gabriela
Published: January 2020

The electrochemical chlorate reduction at the Pt electrode in 0.5 M H2SO4 deaerated solutions has been studied using potentiostatic steady-state voltammetry. The kinetics parameters (Tafel slope, charge transfer coefficient, current density, and reaction order) were evaluated in function of chlorate concentration (1x10-4 � 0.2 M KClO3). The process of chlorate reduction is a complex one that implies two charge transfer controlled steps with formation of free radicals and an extent potential region controlled by the concentration polarization. The current density dependence of chlorate concentration tends to an exponential growth at concentration � 0.1 M KClO3 and becomes exponential in the conditions of the catalyst system presence. In the second charge transfer, a surface reaction between free radical �Cl-2 and platinum electrode with formation of complex anions PtCL42- and PtCL62- is responsible for the rapid increase of the reaction rate.
General and Particular Structural Characteristics of Acetylsalicylic Acid - Aspirine Chemical properties
Authors: Topor Gabi , Nechita Aurel , Debita Mihaela , Ciupilan Corina , Axente Elena Roxana
Published: January 2020

Anti-inflammatory-analgesic medication is known to have a wide spread, its indications going beyond the area of rheumatology, aimed at various fields, cardiology, nephrology, hematology,neurology, etc. Many years of aspirin has constituted the health expectation of millions of patients. Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (ASNS) are acidic compounds derived mainly from carboxylic acids and enolic acids. The non-acidic compounds are numerically reduced and relatively unrelated. The main effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics arise following antipyretic action, analgesic action and anti-immflamatory in varying proportions to each structural group. Each drug has the specificity of single actions, the global way of explaining the clinical effects remains little known. Anti-inflammatory (anti-termic) in acute rheumatism or other inflammatory joint disorders, anti-platelet antiaggregant, aspirin prevents aggregation of blood platelets (which have a role in stopping bleeding).This is why it is used to prevent thrombosis (clotting of blood in the arteries or veins) with an impOliant role in preventing myocardial infarction. The study includes 126 patients who often used aspirin. Interaction of aspirin with other drugs mainly occurs in the plasma albumin, platelets, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract. Considered a common drug, often used by patients without the physician�s indication, some of them under maintenance medication (corticosteroid, anticoagulants, antiplatelet, antidiabetics, cytostatics), aspirin may cause important complications.
Microbial Diversity of Aerobic Granular Sludge under Different Operational Conditions
Authors: Bumbac Costel , Manea Elena Elisabeta , Nita-Lazar Mihai , Tiron Olga
Published: January 2020

This paper depicts the research conducted at lab scale on aerobic granular sludge sequential biological reactors for wastewater treatment in order to assess the influence of operational parameters on the treatment performances and microbial diversity of the granules. The proposed objectives were reached by testing in similar reactor conditions different organic nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates. The study focused both on treatment performances as organic, nitrogen and phosphorus removal based on chemical analysis of main quality parameters and on diversity of microbial population in granules based on real-time polymerase chain reaction by targeting mainly the specific species or functional genes with high influence on process performance in terms of nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal.
Occurrence of Neonicotinoid Residues in Danube River and Tributaries
Authors: Iancu Vasile-Ion , Petre Jana , Galaon Toma , Radu Gabriel Lucian
Published: January 2020

Occurrence and fate of 6 neonicotinoid insecticides belonging to different chemical classes were investigated in the aqueous phase of surface water at 16 sampling locations along the Romanian side of the Danube River and its three main tributaries (Jiu, Olt, Arges). This is the first report on the neonicotinoid occurrence in the Danube River and three tributaries. It was observed a contamination of Danube River and its tributaries, higher in planting period than pre-or post- planting period, with the next compounds (detection frequency and the concentration range): thiamethoxam (68.7%, 0.9-3.8ng/L), clothianidin (64.6%, 0.84-9.6ng/L), nitenpyram (52.08%, 0.39-11.1ng/L), imidacloprid (31.2%, 0.5-8.2ng/L), acetamiprid (16.6%, 0.84-12.7ng/L). The four main neonicotinoids (clothianidin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, nitenpyram) follow the classic pattern in which concentrations and frequency increase during the planting period and that is correlated with seed crop treatment. Total neonicotinoid levels present in investigated Rivers, reaching up to 31.6 ng/L, may affect aquatic invertebrates that are most susceptible to these insecticides. For clothianidin and nitenpyram were obtained positive correlations between the percentage of the area planted with cereals and concentrations of this compound (r= 0.574, r =0.665) which indicate their use in agricultural area. For imidacloprid were obtained positive correlations between percent of permanent cultivated crop in urban land and concentrations of this compound (r =0.264, r =0.877).
The Intertrophic Relationship between Algae and Bacteria from the Activated Microalgae Granules
Authors: Bumbac Costel , Manea Elena , Stoica Catalina , Banciu Alina , Ionescu Ioana , Badescu Valeriu , Nita-Lazar Mihai
Published: January 2020

Activated microalgae granules, as a technology at its initial steps, require sustained efforts for a better understanding of the intertrophic relationship between algae and bacteria. The activated algae granules samples from extensive lab-scale sequencing batch reactor experiments were selected for a total DNA extraction and analysis. A relative quantitative analysis of bacterial genes involved in nitrification, denitrification, phosphorus accumulation as well as genes belonging to microalgae was performed by real-time PCR / qPCR. Microscopic investigations of activated microalgae granule showed a gradual decrease of microalgae concentration, together with an increase in bacterial populations inside the granule.
Differential Diagnosis in Esophageal Cancer. Review on literature
Authors: Popa Cristian Constantin , Badiu Dumitru Cristinel , Andronache Liliana Florina , Costea Radu Virgil , Neagu Stefan Ilie , Stoian Anca Pantea , Socea Bogdan , Ionescu Dorin
Published: January 2020

Esophageal cancer represents a neoplasm that is thought to have both an increased incidence and prevalence in the following years. Although much progress has been made in the detection and the early treatment of esophageal cancer, the prognosis is still limited, and mortality remains very high. The most common histological types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, and, respectively, adenocarcinoma. Lately, there has been an accelerated increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma, in the context of increased prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and obesity, but also of the current alimentary diet, especially in developed countries. The esophagus has its anatomical features. Moreover, it is located topographicallyin a complex cervico-thoraco-abdominal area, unique for a viscus. From the clinical point of view, the onset of symptoms of esophageal cancer is insidious. For these reasons, special attention should be pain in the early detection and differentiation of this neoplasm from other pathologies. These pathologies are very varied and may comprise other esophageal diseases, neighborhood pathologies such as cervical, thoracic, abdominal, systemic pathologies (immunologic, infectious) or other pathologies such as the oro-maxillo-facial, oculo-orbital, vascular, muscular, and cutaneous ones.

Keywords: esophagus, cancer, differential diagnosis
Pharmaceutical Forms with Basil and Propolis to the Benefit of the Oral Cavity. Formulation, preparation and microbiological analysis
Authors: Buzia Olimpia Dumitriu , Mardare Nela , Dragomir Ramona , Miulescu Magdalena , Tatu Alin Laurentiu
Published: January 2020

The present paper aims at formulating, preparing, following the antibacterial activity of pharmaceutical forms with oral cavity applicability. Two pharmaceutical forms were prepared, a tincture and a toothpaste based on basil and propolis, being subsequently compared to the mix of basil and propolis tinctures that are commercially available; each pharmaceutical form was analyzed organoleptically and microbiologically. As a result of the measurements the conclusion was drawn that the tinctures prepared, the propolis tincture and the basil tincture show a strong sensitivity Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and Enterococcus hormaechei.Candida albicans reacted more strongly to the propolis tincture, and less to the basil tincture. The scientific novelty of the paper consists in the formulation and determination of the antimicrobial activity of the toothpaste prepared in the laboratory of the Pharmacy Faculty of Galati. The results obtained were favorable on microorganisms acting on the oral cavity, i.e. gram positive germs, gram negative germs and fungi.

Keyworlds:basil(Ocimum basilicum)propolis, lemon basil, tincture
Implementasi Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Provinsi Lampung dan Urgensi Pembentukan Komisi Kepegawaian Independen
Authors: Syafarudin Syafarudin
Published: January 2020

Implementasi manajemen PNS yang penuh dengan patologi sulit diperbaiki tatkala pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah cenderung menutup diri dan kurang membuka pintu partisipasi, evaluasi publik, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas. Tujuan Manajemen PNS diarahkan untuk menjamin penyelenggaraan tugas pemerintahan dan pembangunan secara berdaya guna dan berhasil guna. Untuk mewujudkan penyelenggaraan tugas pemerintahan dan pembangunan sebagaimana dimaksud diperlukan Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) yang profesional, bertanggung jawab, jujur dan adil melalui pembinaan berdasarkan sistem prestasi kerja dan sistem karier yang dititikberatkan pada sistem prestasi kerja .
Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pembangunan Desa
Authors: Nurcholis Hanif
Published: January 2020

Dalam sistem administrasi negara modern sudah tidak perlu lagi mempertahankan pemerintahan desa sebagaimana sekarang karena sudah sangat ketinggalan zaman. Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010, penduduk yang tinggal di perdesaan tinggal 51 persen. Tren tersebut akan terus berlanjut sehingga pada tahun 2025 penduduk desa tinggal 30 %. Untuk itu, pemerintahan paling rendah di desa yang diperlukan bangsa Indonesia adalah daerah otonom yang bersifat perdesaan yang modern. Daerah otonom perdesaan yang ada sekarang yaitu kabupaten yang dibedakan dalam kelembagaan dan anggaran dengan pemerintah kota tidak pernah digagas oleh founding fathers dan diatur dalam UUD 1945 asli. Founding fathersdan UUD 1945 asli pasal 18 dan Penjelasannya hanya akan membentuk daerah otonom besar dan daerah otonom kecil dimana daerah otonom kecil di dalamnya termasuk desa/ negari/dusun/ marga, dan lain-lain.
Pelatihan Program Statistic Product and Service Solution (SPSS) bagi Mahasiswa dan Dosen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi H. Agus Salim Bukittinggi
Authors: Syaleh Hariman
Published: January 2020

Seiring berkembangnya teori dan metode dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah baik jurnal, skripsi, penelitian, tesis dan disertasi, saat ini sudah banyak metode yang dapat digunakan dalam penyelesaian metode-metode tersebut yang sebelumnya diselesaikan dengan program microsoft excel dan statistik yang membutuhkan waktu yang sangat lama, dengan adanya pelatihan ini diharapkan mahasiswa dan dosen dapat lebih mudah dalam menyelesaikan msalahnya baik dalam penulisan karya ilmiah, jurnal, skripsi, penelitian, tesis dan disertasi. Pemahaman konsep akan tercapai bila mahasiswa dan dosen diberi kesempatan untuk memperaktekkan bagaimana cara mengolah data mentah dengan program Statistic Product and Service Solution (SPSS) serta bagaimana cara meng analisa hasil output berupa angka-angka dan juga grafik sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan yang baik dan dapat memberikan kebijakan dan masukan bagi tempat penelitian. Mahasiswa dan dosen masih mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan penelitian karya ilmiah baik jurnal, skripsi, penelitian, tesis dan disertasi karena kurangnya pemahaman di bidang program SPSS ini. Berkaitan dengan masalah tersebut, maka dilaksanakan sosialisasi serta pelatihan kepada mahasiswa dan dosen di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Haji Agus Salim Bukittinggi yang tergabung dalam Yayasan Indonesia Raya. Selama kegiatan para mahasiswa dan dosen sangat tertarik dan antusias memahami dan memperaktekkan program SPSS ini sebagai solusi atas permasalahan dibidang karya ilmiah baik jurnal, skripsi, penelitian, tesis dan disertasi yang selama ini dialami.
Analysis On The Influence Of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and Total Asset Turnover Toward Return On Assets On The Otomotive and Component Company That Has Been Registered In Indonesia Stock Exchange Within 2011-2017
Authors: Irman Mimelientesa , Purwati Astri Ayu
Published: January 2020

A good company can be seen from the level of return on assets invested, and it affects the interest of an investor to invest in. But the high or low level of profit can be influenced by the financial performance of one of the financial performance is the Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Total Asset Turnover.

 Therefore, a study was conducted to find out whether the Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Total Asset Turnover had an effect on Return On Assets in Automotive and Component companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2017. The study population consisted of 12 companies selected by purposive sampling. Financial report data is obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

 The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 19.0 and SMART PLS 2019 application tools. The results obtained from this study are the Current Ratio which has a significant effect on Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio has a not significant negative effect on Return On Assets, and Total Asset has a significant positive effect on Return On Assets.
Sell in May and Go Away or Just Another January Effect? Studied of Anomaly in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Hayati Restu , Irman Mimelientesa , Agia Lintang Nur
Published: January 2020

Sell in May and go away is a phenomenon of return anomaly that starts in May and lasts until October. These months are called the worst months of stocks. Conversely, the months of November to April are often referred to as the best months of the stock where a higher rate of return is achieved throughout the year. Although it has not been proven academically, this phenomenon has been mentioned by various media in Indonesia such as Kontan, CNN Indonesia, and Tempo Business which are predicted to correct the JCI throughout 2017.

 The purpose of this study is to prove the phenomenon of sell in May and go away on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and find out whether the average best return of the month is affected by the high return in January.

 The results prove that even though the average returns increase in November-April was due to the high return in January, but there was no sell in May and go away on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Under these conditions, the direction of the relationship between risk and return is the opposite that directs the Indonesia Stock Exchange to the efficient market hypothesis.
Integrated Model To Analyze FDI Role In Success of Commercialization of High-Tech Innovations in Asia
Authors: Rahman Sarli , Oh Andi , Yusrizal
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze the role of FDI in the success of commercialization high tech innovation in Asia countries. The success was marked by the increasing contribution from Asia countries to the export value of high tech products in the world.

 From 49 sovereign countries in Asia, 21 countries have been selected as research samples. The result SEM analysis shows that FDI inflows to Asia countries generally pure investment from multinational companies to gain profits from the low cost of production factor in Asia, therefore increase their profit margin.

 In other words, FDI in Asia countries only increase production quantity of high tech products without increasing innovation activity in the countries, which innovation activity can be measured by R&D expenditure, number of resident patent application and number of scientific journals international publication.
Web-Based Heart Disease Diagnosis System With Forward Chaining Method (Case Study Of Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital)
Authors: Refni Wahyuni  , Yuda Irawan
Published: January 2020

Expert systems are computer-based applications that are used to solve problems thought by experts. The benefits of expert systems are to find solutions to problems that occur in various fields including medicine and medical. The problem that often occurs is the problem of public knowledge of the initial problems of heart disease and the lack of public attention to heart health. From this problem, the writer wants to raise the title "Expert System of Web-Based Heart Disease Diagnosis with Forward Chaining Method (Case Study of Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital)". The purpose of this system is so that people can understand, understand the facts of heart disease. The method used in making this system is forward chaining because this method is a punishment starting from the fact that it contains sentences that are received. The output of this system is a diagnosis of heart disease, as well as providing recommendations for how to treat the disease.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMILIHAN KARIER MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI SEBAGAI AUDITOR
Authors: Irman Mimelientesa , Silvi Silvi
Published: January 2020

The aims of this research is to determine and analysis factors of influence selection of career accounting student as an auditors. The factors is the financial rewards, professional training, work environment, market considerations and social values. The populations of this research is accounting student from the College of Economics Pelita Indonesia in Pekanbaru City. The samples in this research is 43 respondents. Method of collection data with using questionnaire, and data analysis is using multiple linier regression analysis with SPSS version 19. In this research a result is variable of the financial rewards, professional training, work environment, market considerations and social values not have an infuence on selection of career accounting student as an  auditors.
Demystifying visual awareness: Peripheral encoding plus limited decision complexity resolve the paradox of rich visual experience and curious perceptual failures
Authors: Rosenholtz Ruth
Published: January 2020

Human beings subjectively experience a rich visual percept. However, when behavioral experiments probe the details of that percept, observers perform poorly, suggesting that vision is impoverished. What can explain this awareness puzzle? Is the rich percept a mere illusion? How does vision work as well as it does? This paper argues for two important pieces of the solution. First, peripheral vision encodes its inputs using a scheme that preserves a great deal of useful information, while losing the information necessary to perform certain tasks. The tasks rendered difficult by the peripheral encoding include many of those used to probe the details of visual experience. Second, many tasks used to probe attentional and working memory limits are, arguably, inherently difficult, and poor performance on these tasks may indicate limits on decision complexity. Two assumptions are critical to making sense of this hypothesis: (1) All visual perception, conscious or not, results from performing some visual task; and (2) all visual tasks face the same limit on decision complexity. Together, peripheral encoding plus decision complexity can explain a wide variety of phenomena, including vision’s marvelous successes, its quirky failures, and our rich subjective impression of the visual world.
Constraints on Aquatic Photosynthesis for Terrestrial Planets around Other Stars
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham
Published: January 2020

Aquatic photosynthesis plays a major role in carbon fixation and O2 production on Earth. In this Letter, we analyze the prospects for oxygenic photosynthesis in aquatic environments on modern Earth-analogs around F-, G-, K-, and M-type stars. Our analysis takes into account the spectral type of the host star, attenuation of light by aquatic organisms, and rates of respiration and photosynthesis. We study the compensation depth (

) and the critical depth (

), defined respectively as the locations where the net growth rates and vertically integrated net growth rates of photoautotrophs become zero. Our analysis suggests that

declines by more than an order of magnitude as one moves from the habitable zones around Sun-like stars to late-type M-dwarfs, but

decreases by only a modest amount (∼40%). For M-dwarf exoplanets, we propose that the photosynthetic red edge may constitute a more robust biosignature of aquatic photosynthesis compared to atmospheric O2.
Dependence of Ion Temperatures on Alpha–Proton Differential Flow Vector and Heating Mechanisms in the Solar Wind
Authors: Zhao G. Q. , Feng H. Q. , Wu D. J. , Huang J. , Zhao Y. , Liu Q. , Tian Z. J.
Published: January 2020

According to Wind observations between 2004 June and 2019 May, this Letter investigates the proton and alpha particle temperatures in the space of (θ

d
, V

d
/V
A) for the first time, where θ

d
and V

d
are the radial angle and magnitude of alpha−proton differential flow vector

, respectively, V
A is the local Alfvén speed. Results show that the temperatures significantly depend on θ

d
as well as V

d
/V
A. In case of low proton parallel beta (β

p∥ < 1), it is found that the proton perpendicular temperature is clearly enhanced when θ

d
is small (≲45°) and V

d
/V
A ≳ 0.5. On the contrary, the perpendicular temperature of alpha particles is considerably enhanced when θ

d
is large (≳90°) or V

d
/V
A is sufficiently small. The maximum of proton parallel temperature takes place at θ

d
 ∼ 90° accompanied by higher β

p∥ and by larger turbulence amplitude of magnetic fluctuations in inertial range. This study should present strong evidence for cyclotron resonance heating of protons and alpha particles in the solar wind. Other mechanisms including Landau resonance and stochastic heating are also proposed, which tend to have different (θ

d
, V

d
/V
A) spaces than cyclotron resonance heating.
A new species of Baikal endemic sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spongillida, Lubomirskiidae)
Authors: Bukshuk Natalia A. , Maikova Olga O.
Published: January 2020

This paper reports on a new species of the Baikal endemic sponge (fam. Lubomirskiidae) Swartschewskia khanaevisp. nov. The description of this species is based on morphological and molecular data (ITS and mitochondrial IGRs). Morphologically, S. khanaevisp. nov. differs from S. papyracea by loose tracts arranged in an irregular network as well as the presence on strongyles of compound spines looking like tubercles densely ornamented with simple spines. Moreover, specimens of S. khanaevisp. nov. show a peculiar structure of the aquiferous system at the body surface that may be an adaptive trait for environmental conditions. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that S. khanaevisp. nov. forms a well-supported (0.99) monophyletic clade with S. papyracea and is allocated as its sister taxa.
Leucosolenia qingdaoensis sp. nov. (Porifera, Calcarea, Calcaronea, Leucosolenida, Leucosoleniidae), a new species from China
Authors: Chu Yan-Ling , Gong Lin , Li Xin-Zheng
Published: January 2020

A new species of Leucosoleniidae, Leucosolenia qingdaoensissp. nov., is described. This new species was collected in a scallop-breeding pond from the Yellow Sea and preserved in 75% ethanol. This sponge consists of a dense reticulation of ascon tubes, with the surface minutely hispid and the consistency soft and fragile.

Spiculation of the new species consists of diactines, which are smooth, straight or sometimes slightly curved, triactines of two types, and tetractines with short and curved apical actines; spiculation also slightly overlaps and is somewhat irregularly assembled. Together these form a thin layer of skeleton, with a small number of cells, which results in a transparent, white sponge. As a typical asconoid feature, all internal cavities of the sponge are lined with choanocytes, and there is no fully developed inhalant system. Comparisons with other Leucosolenia reported from the Pacific Ocean are also made.
A novel leaf-rolling chironomid, Eukiefferiella endobryonia sp. nov. (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae), highlights the diversity of underwater chironomid tube structures
Authors: Imada Yume
Published: January 2020

The non-biting midges, Chironomidae (Diptera), are dominant components of most freshwater ecosystems. Many chironomids construct tubes or cases as larvae out of various materials bound together with silk. The structures of tubes show a wide range of variation, and some are morphologically comparable to those of caddisflies. Herein a new species is described,Eukiefferiella endobryoniasp. nov., which exhibits a very unusual behavior in which it constructs tubes from aquatic mosses. This species’ fourth-instar larvae construct their cases exclusively from the leaves ofFontinalismosses (Hypnales: Fontinalaceae) and exhibit a stereotyped behavior in which they remain attached to the apical shoot of the moss stem. The larvae then pupate within the case. The case ofE. endobryoniasp. nov.represents one of only a few examples of chironomid tubes made exclusively out of plants. Based on the species delimitation analyses using the partial COI sequences, together with some morphological and behavioral characteristics, this species is hypothesized to be a member ofdevonicagroup, and especially may have a close affinity toE. dittmari(Lehman). A provisional typology for the diversity of chironomid tube structures is provided, with a summary of different tube structures, which can be used for future research.