bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endotoxin-inactivating Potency of Hydrogen Peroxide: Effect on Cell Growth
Authors: DeRenzis Frank A.
Published: November 2010

An in vitro system was used to study the detoxifying potential of H2O2 on bacterial endotoxin. L929 fibroblasts were exposed to H202-treated and -untreated endotoxin. Growth and viability assays were made at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The cultures exposed to H202-treated endotoxin showed a normal growth rate, whereas the cultures exposed to untreated endotoxin displayed a substantial reduction in growth. Implications are presented as to the potential role of H202 in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal disease.
Rejection of Skin Grafts After Orthotopic Tooth Transplantation Between RhLA-paired Monkeys
Authors: Riviere George R. , Yeager James E. , Gaines James F. , Neefe John R.
Published: November 2010

Statistical analysis of paired observations indicated that RhLA-A,B disparate teeth caused the accelerated rejection of tooth-donor skin grafts placed 21 to 24 mo after tooth allotransplantation, but not at 30 to 34 mo. Teeth transplanted between matched monkeys did not cause the accelerated rejection of skin grafts.
Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of Substance P on Rat Submandibular Secretion
Authors: Martinez J. Ricardo , Martinez A.M.
Published: November 2010

Intravenous infusions of the undecapeptide substance P caused a moderate but transient secretory response from the rat submandibular gland. The electrolyte composition of the saliva elicited by this peptide was qualitatively similar to that of the secretion induced by parasympathomimetic agents. Substance P inhibited the secretory response to acetylcholine and isoproterenol, but did not modify the binding of specific ligands to glandular autonomic receptors. It is concluded that this naturally occurring peptide plays a role in the physiologic regulation of salivary secretions, which involves both direct stimulatory effects and a modulating action on the effect of autonomic neurotransmitters on the salivary gland cells. The latter may involve similar effects of substance Pand the neurotransmitters on a metabolic pathway localized beyond receptor activation.
Characteristics of Fissure Sealants
Authors: Williams B. , Braden M.
Published: November 2010

In this paper the nature and some of the properties of bis-GMA and other related products were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, viscometry, and refractive index studies. Then, using the determined constituents of these products, simulated formulations were prepared.
Clinical Science
Authors: Baum B.J.
Published: November 2010

The production of stimulated parotid saliva was examined in 208 adults, aged 23-88 yr. Among men and women, taking no prescription medication, there was no diminution of stimulated parotid fluid output with increased age. Of subjects taking medication, post-menopausal women (but not older men) produced stimulated saliva at rates significantly lower than their non-medicated counterparts.
The Influence of Mineralizing Solutions on the Bonding of Composite Restorations to Dentin: Pre-treatment with N-phenylglycine-glycidyl Methacrylate Adduct
Authors: Causton B.E. , Daymon M. , Johnson N.W.
Published: November 2010

The effect of surface treatment by acids or mineralizing solutions prior to the application of a primer (NPG-GMA) has been studied. The reproducibility of results and the number of bond failures occurring during storage in water for seven d are reported. Mineralizing solutions are shown to be capable of improving the efficacy of primers.
Slow-acting Amine Polymerization Accelerators. Para-dimethylaminobenzoic Acid and Its Ethyl Ester
Authors: Antonucci J.M. , Peckoo R.J. , Schruhl C. , Toth E.E.
Published: November 2010

From theoretical considerations both para-dimethylaminobenzoic acid and its ethyl ester would be expected to be slow-acting polymerization accelerators. Using these relatively slow-acting amine accelerators with a fast-polymerizing monomer system, it was possible to formulate composite materials having acceptable setting times at 37°C and excellent diametral tensile strengths.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Hock J. , Gerber C. , Rheaume M. , Hellden L.
Published: November 2010

The circulatory uptake and urinary excretion of topical fluoride were investigated by applying a sodium fluoride solution containing 18F for six min to healthy gingiva of four adult dogs. Blood and urine samples were taken at regular intervals.

Maximal fluoride in blood represented 0.02-0.05% of the applied dose and occurred four min after completion of the application. By 6.0 h, 0.02-0.06% of the applied dose had been excreted in urine. Preliminary data showed that this represented about 8.8% of the fluoride absorbed through the gingiva.
Relationship Between the Development and Growth of Cranial Bones and Masticatory Muscles in Postnatal Mice
Authors: Nakata S.
Published: November 2010

Development and growth of cranial bones and masticatory muscles in postnatal mice, assessed by roentgenographic cephalometry and histochemistry, revealed that it corresponded to the attachment of the masticatory muscles, but not necessarily to growth and development of the individual muscles. Physiological functions of the dentofacial complex correlated with development of the muscles.
The Effect of Dental Amalgams on Mercury Levels in Expired Air
Authors: Svare C.W. , Peterson L.C. , Reinhardt J.W. , Boyer D.B. , Frank C.W. , Gay D.D. , Cox R.D.
Published: November 2010

The expired air of a group of 48 persons, 40 with and eight without dental amalgam restorations, was analyzed for its mercury content before and after chewing. Expired air samples were collected in polyethylene bags, and a known quantity of each was pumped into the mercury detector for measurement. The results showed that examined subjects with dental amalgams had higher pre-chewing mercury levels in their expired air than those without amalgams. After chewing, these levels were increased an average of 15.6-fold in the former and remained unchanged in the latter group. It was concluded that in situ dental amalgams can increase the level of mercury in expired air.
Biochemical Differentiation of Certain Oral Streptococci
Authors: Kral T.A. , Daneo-Moore L.
Published: November 2010

A reliable scheme for the differentiation of certain species of oral streptococci has been developed. It employs a commercial biochemical test system (API 50L) modified to accommodate some of the oral streptococci. The scheme relies primarily on eight biochemical reactions, which demonstrate consistent results. Compared to Shklair and Keene's very useful biochemical scheme, our scheme employs additional definitive tests, is a much simpler system technically, and can differentiate a proposed new species, S. ferus.
Translucency of Human Dental Enamel
Authors: Brodbelt R.H.W. , O'Brien W.J. , Fan P.L. , Frazer-Dib J.G. , Yu R.
Published: November 2010

Translucency of human dental enamel was determined by total transmittance of wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm. The transmission coefficient at 525 nm was 0.481 mm-1. Total transmission of light through human dental enamel increased with increasing wavelength. Human tooth enamel is more translucent at higher wavelengths. The translucency of wet human enamel and enamel after dehydration was also measured by total transmittance. The transmission coefficient at 525 nm decreased from 0.482 to 0.313 mm-1 after dehydration and was reversed on rehydration. The decrease in translucency occurred as a result of the replacement of water around the enamel prisms by air during dehydration.
Utilization of Hydroxyapatite Adsorbable Salivary Proteins as Growth Substrates for Plaque-forming Oral Streptococci
Authors: Cowman R.A. , Baron S.J. , Fitzgerald R.J.
Published: November 2010

Hydroxyapatite-treated clarified mixed saliva showed a marked reduction in growth-supportive activity for Streptococcus mutans. Isoelectrophoretic analysis revealed that proteins specifically attacked by S. mutans were among those adsorbed by HA. The proteins desorbed from HA-supported growth of S. mutans at levels comparable to untreated saliva.
Clinical Science
Authors: Shimizu C. , Yamashita Y. , Ichijo T. , Fusayama T.
Published: November 2010

Ultramicroscopic carious changes were studied by using longspan ultrathin sections of dentin, which included a continuous piece of dentin from the pulp chamber wall up to the carious cavity floor. The changes observed in the inner carious dentin were gradual and continuous, with dissolution of crystals attached to the matrix fibers, whereas the changes observed in the outer carious dentin were rather abrupt and definite, with irregularly-scattered fine-granular crystals.
Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Deciduous Dentition of Australian Aboriginals
Authors: Townsend G.C.
Published: November 2010

Asymmetry in deciduous tooth size was quantified for a group of Australian Aboriginals. No sex difference in asymmetry was noted, maxillary teeth were more asymmetric than mandibular, and mesiodistal dimensions were more asymmetric than buccolingual dimensions in males. Inter-population comparisons of dental asymmetry should take into account both general and local environmental factors, as well as measurement methods.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Mostofi R.S. , Goepp R.A.
Published: November 2010

Atherosclerotic vascular lesions in rhesus monkey tongues were studied, in both induction and regression periods. Vascular lesions were induced by peanut oil and a combination of coconut oil and butter fat, which caused the rapid elevation of serum lipids of all the animals. Atherosclerotic lesions were found in the tongues of all animals on an atherogenic diet. Larger arteries were found to be more susceptible to the disease.

During the regression period animals received either a low-fat, low-chalesterol diet with or without cholestyramine, or an atherogenic diet with cholestyramine. Regression of the disease was more significant in animals on a low-fat, low-cholesterol and cholestyramine diet. Lesions in larger arteries in the tongues appeared to respond to the treatment more rapidly.
Lidocaine and Procaine Alter Rat Brain Amines
Authors: Ciarlone A.E. , Juras M.S.
Published: November 2010

Lidocaine HCl (100 mg/kg i.p.) or procaine HCl (240 mg/kg i.p.) was injected into rats, which were killed after zero to 12 min. Six brain parts were analyzed for serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Lidocaine induced depletion of serotonin and of dopamine in some regions and elevation in others; however, it produced elevated levels of norepinephrine. Not all brain regions showed a significant change of amines. Procaine induced elevations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; norepinephrine elevation occurred in a few brain parts, whereas serotonin and dopamine levels were elevated in all brain regions.
Long-term Antiplaque, Anticalculus, and Antigingivitis Effects of Benzethonium/Polymer Complex in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Gaffar A. , Solis-Gaffar M.C. , Tavss E. , Marcussen H.W. , Rustogi K.N.
Published: November 2010

An electrostatic complex of 0.1% benzethonium chloride (BTC) plus 0.05% copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid was evaluated in vitro for antibacterial effect. The complex by itself showed as much antibacterial activity as 0.1% BTC. The adsorption of 14C-BTC on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks and teeth in vitro was lower from the complex than the BTC solution, although in vivo activity was the same. The complex, BTC, and polymer solutions were evaluated in a 28-week study in 16 beagle dogs against plaque, gingivitis, and calculus formation. BTC and the complex significantly (α = 0.05) reduced plaque and gingivitis. There was no significant difference between the two active groups. BTC (0.1%) significantly increased calcified deposits at 22-28 wk compared to the water control group, while the complex and the polymer groups showed significantly (α = 0.05) less calculus. Thus, the complex was not only effective in vivo, but also significantly (α = 0.05) reduced tendencies of cationic antibacterials to induce calcified deposits on teeth.
The Relation of Stimulated Salivary Flow Rate and pH to Lactobacillus and Yeast Concentrations in Saliva
Authors: Parvinen T. , Larmas M.
Published: November 2010

Dip-slide cultivation for salivary lactobacillus and yeast growths revealed that both stimulated salivary flow rate and pH are related to the presence of yeasts. The occurrence of lactobacilli is related to pH, whereas flow rate influences only the concentration of lactobacilli. The flow rate was lower, and the occurrence of yeasts was higher in females.
A 30-month Clinical Evaluation of the Influence of Finishing and Size of Restoration on the Margin Performance of Five Amalgam Alloys
Authors: Birtcil R.F. , Pelzner R.B. , Stark M.M.
Published: November 2010

The influence of finishing and size of the restoration on the margin performance of 286 Class II restorations using five amalgam alloys (Aristaloy, Dispersalloy, Oraloy, Sybraloy, and Tytin) was evaluated at 30 mo. When size of the restoration was considered, Dispersalloy displayed the best margin performance. Oraloy, Sybraloy, and Tytin were inferior to Dispersalloy and were grouped together. Aristaloy was inferior to all other alloys in the study. When the aspect of finishing was considered, Dispersalloy and Sybraloy evidenced excellent margin performance when unfinished. Aristaloy showed the worst margin performance of all the alloys in the study when unfinished, but showed remarkable improvement in margin performance when finished.
Thermal Diffusivity in Finite Cylindrical Specimens of Dental Cements
Authors: Watts D.C. , Smith R.
Published: November 2010

A procedure by which accurate thermal diffusivity values may be obtained from readily fabricated cylindrical specimens of restorative materials is described. Results obtained for polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements are in the range 2-3 x 10-3 cm2 s-1 and are sensitive to compositional variables, including moisture content,
Materials Science
Authors: Cook S.D. , Weinstein A.M. , Klawitter J.J.
Published: November 2010

A three-dimensional finite element model was used to investigate the biomechanical response of a porous rooted Co-Cr-Mo alloy implant. The load displacement responses calculated from the finite element model were verified with experimentally-determined values for three cylindrical, porous rooted Co-Cr-Mo alloy dental implants retrieved from canines after two years in function. Models were developed based on histological analyses of tissue surrounding the implants. The results of the study indicate that the assumption of a direct bone-to-implant interface (i.e., an ankylosed implant) may not be a good representation for a porous rooted implant retained by bone ingrowth.
The Kinetics of the Hydration of Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Investigated by an Electric Conductance Method
Authors: Wiegman-Ho L. , Ketelaar J.A.A.
Published: November 2010

The measurement of conductance provides a non-destructive and continuous method for studying the hydration of plaster of Paris and improved dental stone. The kinetics can be described by two parameters: an induction period, to and a first order reaction constant, k, for the decrease of conductance. The influence of additives on both parameters has been studied.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Wesselink P.R. , Van Aalst R. , Van Es L. , Van den Hooff A. , Thoden van Velzen S.K.
Published: November 2010

Searching for an experimental model simulating the root canal, a two-stage procedure was evolved using polyethylene tubes implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. The reaction to the model was histologically evaluated, and the rate of release of macromolecules from the tubes was studied using radio-labeled endotoxin and albumin. The model proved suitable for evaluating an animal's tissue response to the slow and prolonged influx of foreign fluids.
Pressure-Flow Relations in the Vascular Bed of the Rabbit Submandibular Gland
Authors: Fazekas A. , Posch E. , Zelles T.
Published: November 2010

Blood flow through the submandibular gland was studied in rabbits by the H2 gas clearance technique. By lowering the arterial pressure in the regional vessels supplying the gland, a corresponding decrease of the glandular perfusion rate was observed. During the pressor response elicited by the unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery, a vasoconstriction developed in the vascular bed of the contralateral submandibular gland.
Voluntary Heart Rate Control and Perceived Affect
Authors: Oliver C. , Hirschman R.
Published: November 2010

Prior to viewing a stressful dental presentation, high dentally-anxious subjects were exposed to heart rate biofeedback training, relaxation training, or a tracking task. As expected, subjects exposed to biofeedback reported less unpleasantness and showed lower heart rates in response to the dental presentation than did subjects exposed to the other two conditions.
Materials Science Deposition Rate of Metallic Ag on Ivory and Enamel
Authors: O'Keefe T.J. , Narasagoudar R.A. , Anderson L.A.
Published: November 2010

The influence of various process parameters on the chemical deposition of Ag on ivory and enamel was investigated. Both AgN03 and AgF were used with various chemical reducing agents at temperatures from 7°C to 37°C. The authors evaluated the amount of adherent silver as a function of these variables.
Correlation of Thermal Shock Resistance with Thermal Compatibility Data for Porcelain-Metal Systems
Authors: Anusavice K.J. , Twiggs S.W. , DeHoff P.H. , Fairhurst C.W.
Published: November 2010

A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between thermal shock test results and dilatometry data on porcelain-metal systems. A high degree of correlation was found. Finite element analysis was also performed to determine residual stress and induced transient stress states.
Enzyme Patterns of Glycolysis in Rabbit Gingiva and Effects of pH on the Patterns
Authors: Suzuki K. , Fujiwara T. , Kuwata F.
Published: November 2010

The specific activities of individual enzymes associated with glycolysis in rabbit gingiva were systematically evaluated, and the enzyme patterns at pH 7.4 were established on the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. As a result, it was suggested that there was no capability for gluconeogenesis. The effects of alkaline pH values on the enzyme patterns appeared to lead to the overall stimulation of glycolysis.
Comparative Plaque Acidogenesis of Caries-resistant vs. Caries-susceptible Adults
Authors: Vratsanos S.M. , Mandel I.D.
Published: November 2010

The authors conducted a comparative study of plaque acids in three-day fasting or resting plaque samples from ten pairs of caries-resistant (CR) and caries-susceptible (CS) subjects chewing a sucrose gum for a period of 45 min. The study disclosed two important differences: 1) The amount and rate of production of lactic acid were lower in the CR group, especially at ten min; and 2) in contrast to lactic acid levels, the level of acetic acid was significantly higher in the CR group at zero time (before chewing), and after 20 and 45 min of chewing the sucrose gum. Both the lower levels of lactic acid and the higher levels of acetic acid are (paradoxically) consistent with the higher plaque pH values reported for CR when compared to CS subjects. High pK' acids (such as acetic, as well as propionic and butyric) can provide a buffering system (acetate-acetic acid) capable of countering the pH decrement generated by the low pK' acids (lactic, formic and pyruvic).
Difference in Age-hardening Mechanism in Dental Gold Alloys
Authors: Yasuda K. , Ohta M.
Published: November 2010

TEM and SAED studies were conducted to clarify a difference in age-hardening mechanism with changes of gold content in Au-Cu-Ag ternary alloys, 18K, 16K, and 14K gold alloys, for which the ratio of copper to silver remained at 65 to 35 in weight. Age-hardening in the 18K alloy was attributed to the formation of the AuCu I type ordered platelets on the matrix {100}. In the 16K and 14K alloys, a periodic antiphase domain structure of the AuCu II type ordered phase made a major contribution to age-hardening. An alternating coarse lamellar structure was formed by the mechanism of discontinuous precipitation in the 16K alloy, while a modulated structure by spinodal decomposition was observed in the 14K alloy.
Blastogenic Response of Human Lymphocytes to Antigens of Rothia dentocariosa
Authors: Fotos P.G. , Gerencser V.F. , Gerencser M.A.
Published: November 2010

Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from 20 individuals with varying degrees of periodontal health and classified as either normal, having acute gingivitis (GV), or chronic periodontitis (PD). Crude cell wall and cytoplasmic antigens were derived from Rothia dentocariosa (RD), were applied to lymphocyte microcultures, and subjected to radioactive thymidine; the resulting lymphocyte blastogenesis (LBJ was surveyed with a scintillation counter. All three groups displayed statistically similar levels of stimulation (F = 0.71), demonstrating that crude antigens of RD are not appreciably active in in vitro studies of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), as measured by LB.
Economic Costs of Attrition in Clinical Trials
Authors: Doherty N.J.G.
Published: November 2010

Conventional analyses of the cost-effectiveness of preventive regimens fail to account for the impact of attrition on reported costs. Using an economic model in which costs are allocated to fixed and variable components, and data from a recently completed clinical field trial, costs per participant are shown to vary with the rate of attrition. That this variation is usually obscured in reported studies results from methods conventionally used to measure the participants in calculating average costs. This paper proposes a method for resolving this dilemma by allocating costs among the number of beneficiaries in terms of resource utilization.
Hardening Shrinkage and Hygroscopic Expansion of Composite Resins
Authors: Bowen R.L. , Rapson J.E. , Dickson G.
Published: November 2010

Polymerization shrinkages of various restorative resins were measured. The specimens stored in water expanded, but most did not recover sufficiently to countervail the losses from polymerization.
Degradation of Luting Cements Measured in vitro
Authors: Mesu F.P.
Published: November 2010

The degradation of luting cements was made visible and measurable when these cements were held as a cement layer, The degradation process, which is mostly a sequence of absorption disintegration and solution, could be expressed in a time-constant (r).
Fracture at the Margins of Amalgam as Predicted by Creep, Zinc Content, and Gamma-2 Content
Authors: Gale E.N. , Osborne J.W. , Winchell P.G.
Published: November 2010

Regression equations and correlations were used to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo relationship of marginal breakdown of amalgam alloys. Interpretation of the results indicates that gamma-2 and non-gamma-2 alloys comprise two distinct groups. Equations based upon in vitro data predicting marginal breakdown for gamma-2 alloys should not be used for non-gamma-2 alloys.
Maintenance of Long Junctional Epithelium in the Rat
Authors: Garnick J.J. , Singh B. , McKinney R.V.
Published: November 2010

The dynamics of the long junctional epithelium in rat gingivae were observed over a period of from three to six mo. In addition, the cellular dynamics of the epithelium were also evaluated at the end of three and six mo. The results of this study indicated that this model system cannot be used to study the long-term dynamics of long junctional epithelia. This study also indicated that the epithelial cuff increased in length with time, that it is a self-renewing tissue, and that long junctional epithelia may reduce in length with time due to sulcus deepening which was not related to subepithelial inflammation.
Clinical Science β2 Microglobulin in Lichen Planus
Authors: Scully C. , Boyle P.
Published: November 2010

The aim of the present study was to examine idiopathic lichen planus for possible changes in the serum concentration of the immunological marker β2 microglobulin (β2m), a component of HLA antigens. It was shown that serum levels of β2m were not different in lichen planus from those in controls. Although these findings do not support major systemic immunopathological changes in lichen planus, they do not exclude the involvement of local immune mechanisms.
The Effect of Force Magnitude on Extractable Bone Resorptive Activity and Cemental Cratering in Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: King G.J. , Fischlschweiger W.
Published: November 2010

The delay period in the orthodontic tooth movement cycle was studied with respect to the stimulation of an extractable bone resorptive activity and the degree of tissue damage at sites of greatest pressure. Total area of cemental cratering was used as a measure of tissue damage. Both bone resorptive activity and tissue damage were found to be significantly increased with moderate and high forces, a fact which supports the suggestion that bone resorptive activity is related to tissue damage.
Materials Science
Authors: Tadokoro Y. , Iwaku M. , Fusayama T.
Published: November 2010

We have developed a vibration etching technique in which occlusal pits and fissures are simultaneously cleansed and acid-etched using a fissure needle mounted on an electromagnetic vibrator. When tested on extracted teeth, the needle completely cleansed the fissures by removing the contents and the prismless enamel layer, and widened them to from 100 to 150 μm to the depth reached by the needle. The sealant penetrated readily and adhered to the reduced and etched fissure walls interlocking with resin tags.
Susceptibility of Oral Bacteria to Various Fluoride Salts
Authors: Maltz M. , Emilson C.G.
Published: November 2010

Oral microorganisms were tested for their susceptibility to various fluoride salts. SnF2 and CuF2 had a better antimicrobial effect than did NaF and NH4F. Low pH enhanced the bactericidal effect of the fluoride salts. The results indicate that the cariostatic effect of fluoride is not due to a selective bactericidal effect on cariogenic bacteria.
Autoradiographic Localization of Dexamethasone in the Rabbit Submandibular Gland
Authors: Hernandez M.R. , Wenk E.J. , Vittek J.
Published: November 2010

Nuclear localization of 3H-dexamethasone to secretory and duct cells in the rabbit submandibular gland was determined by dry-mount autoradiography. This saturable nuclear binding indicates that glucocorticoid effects on this gland may be mediated by cytosol-nuclear receptors.
Peroxidase Antimicrobial System of Human Saliva: Hypothiocyanite Levels in Resting and Stimulated Saliva
Authors: Tenovuo J. , Pruitt K.M. , Thomas E.L.
Published: November 2010

The antimicrobial oxidizing agent hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN-) was measured in resting (drooling) and stimulated (expectorated) whole saliva. Stimulation of the saliva flow rate resulted in a rapid decrease in OSCN- concentration, whereas the thiocyanate ion (SCN—) concentration and peroxidase activity were increased. The decrease in OSCN — levels was greater than could be accounted for by dilution of the whole saliva volume. Assuming that the antimicrobial activity of the salivary peroxidase system is proportional to OSCN- concentration, this system may be more effective in resting saliva than in stimulated saliva.
Salivary Protein Polymorphisms in Caries-resistant Adults
Authors: Anderson L.C. , Mandel I.D.
Published: November 2010

Several salivary proteins exhibit genetic polymorphism, and this study examined the distributions of the proline-rich (Pr), parotid acidic (Pa), and double-band (Db) salivary protein phenotypes in caries-resistant and caries-susceptible adults, and in first-degree relatives of the caries-resistant patients. Although the familial nature of caries resistance was demonstrated, no differences in phenotype distributions were observed.
Margin Adaptation of Dispersion and Traditional Amalgams with Reference to Plasticity: A Clinical Comparison
Authors: Matsson L. , Ryge G. , Weidemanis C. , Granath L.
Published: November 2010

Margin adaptation of dental amalgam restorations made from traditional vs. dispersion-type alloy was compared by clinical evaluation with reference to plasticity of the mix at insertion. Also, variations in sealing properties were assessed for precondensed and not-precondensed amalgam mixes of both alloys. The data presented confirm the clinical superiority of amalgam made from dispersed type alloy. A higher plasticity tended to result in less margin deterioration for amalgams of the traditional type alloy. In vitro leakage with the dispersion type amalgam far exceeded that of the traditional amalgam.
The Effect of Additives on the Setting Properties of a Glass-Ionomer Cement
Authors: Prosser H.J. , Jerome S.M. , Wilson A.D.
Published: November 2010

Studies of the setting behavior of glass ionomer cements formed from either glass powders and polyacid solutions or from glass-dry polyacid blends mixed with water have been carried out using an oscillating rheometer. Certain acids accelerate the setting rate, but none is as effective as D-tartaric acid. Bases added to the cements slow the setting reactions by partially neutralizing the acid.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Huis J.H.J. , Drost J.S. , Havenaar R.
Published: November 2010

The colonization of S. mutans serotypes on different tooth surfaces of the rat was investigated. Fissures appeared to be the main habitat. In the presence of a serotype c strain, S. mutans serotype d could only be established when sucrose-containing diets were supplied. However, the serotype c strain was always present in higher proportions. The production of a bacteriocin for which the serotype d strain was sensitive appeared to be responsible for the observed predominance of the serotype c strain.
The Effect of Zinc Chloride on the Development of Gingivitis in Beagle Dogs Treated with Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Authors: Ritchey T.W. , Lamster I.B. , Mann P.H. , Alfano M.C.
Published: November 2010

Twenty-one beagle dogs were treated 12 times per week with either 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 0.05% CPC plus 0.22% zinc chloride (ZnCl2), or water. Over seven wk, plaque and gingivitis were reduced by the CPC and CPC plus ZnCl 2 treatments, while stain and calculus were greatly reduced only by the CPC plus ZnCl2 treatment.
In vitro Removal of Stain with Dentifrices
Authors: Stookey G.K. , Burkhard T.A. , Schemehorn B.R.
Published: November 2010

An in vitro model has been developed for the purpose of evaluating the cleaning ability of dentifrices. A stained film is slowly deposited on enamel sections and subsequently removed using a mechanical brushing procedure. Results from this test procedure compare favorably with the results of controlled, clinical cleaning studies.
The Structure of Oxide Formed by High-temperature Oxidation of Commercial Gold Alloys for Porcelain-Metal Bonding
Authors: Ohno H. , Miyakawa O. , Watanabe K. , Shiokawa N.
Published: November 2010

For gold alloys containing only In as a base metal, an external In2O3 layer forms uniformly on the alloy surface. However, when the alloy contains Sn and In, no external oxide layer can be detected by electron probe micro-analysis, and oxide particles composed of In2O3 and SnO2 precipitate in the alloy. For alloys containing Ni, in addition to In and Sn, the external oxide is composed of NiO; there is little development of internal oxide. For alloys containing Fe and Sn, an oxide layer of only Fe2O3 forms on the alloy surface, and the internal oxidation zone shows a band-like structure containing SnO2 and a small amount of Fe2O3.
In vitro Corrosion and in vivo Marginal Fracture of Dental Amalgams
Authors: Sarkar N.K. , Osborne J.W. , Leinfelder K.F.
Published: November 2010

The relationship between in vitro corrosion and in vivo marginal fracture of dental amalgams has been studied. The potentiodynamic cyclic polarization technique has been used to determine the in vitro corrosion index. The marginal fracture data have been obtained from previous clinical studies reported by three independent research groups. A linear regression analysis has been employed to determine the degree of correlation between in vitro and in vivo data. Depending on the method of corrosion index measurement and the source of clinical data, correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.82 to 0.94 (p < 01) have been obtained.
Paracrystalline Disorder of Biological and Synthetic Carbonate-substituted Apatites
Authors: Nelson D.G.A. , Featherstone J.D.B. , Duncan J.F. , Cutress T.W.
Published: November 2010

Para crystalline disorder, a type of lattice imperfection which results in a loss of long-range crystalline order, was assessed in a range of biological and synthetic apatites using x-ray diffraction data. Carbonate substitution in the apatite lattice increased the amount of paracrystalline disorder in synthetic precipitated apatites, whereas trace amounts of fluoride and, to a lesser extent, zinc and strontium partially offset the disorder induced by carbonate. Paracrystalline disorder was significantly reduced in synthetic apatites prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction. Human dental enamel was less disordered than either dentin or bone.
Isolation and Characterization of Inflammatory Cells from the Human Periapical Granuloma
Authors: Stern M.H. , Dreizen S. , Mackler B.F. , Levy B.M.
Published: November 2010

Twelve histologically-confirmed periapical granulomas were evaluated by conventional immunologic rosette assays for the presence of T-lymphocytes and complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes. A technique for dispersing the granuloma cells into suspensions was adopted to facilitate performance of the assays which were not applicable to tissue sections. Differential cell counts by an acridine orange vital dye method disclosed that the cell suspensions contained 30% macrophages, 44% lymphocytes, 15% plasma cells, and 12% neutrophils. Complement receptor-bearing cells comprised 17.9%, and T cells comprised 34.5% of the unseparated inflammatory cells. This study provides the first direct evidence of a predominance of thymic-derived lymphocytes in the lymphocyte compartment of the periapical granuloma. Analysis of the data shows that cell-mediated immunity most likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of the periapical granuloma.
The Effect of Prostaglandins on Experimental Tooth Movement in Monkeys (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Yamasaki K. , Shibata Y. , Fukuhara T.
Published: November 2010

Local administrations of prastaglandins E1 or E2 combined with orthodontic tooth movemerat can approximately double the rate of tooth movement in monkeys compared to that of the control. Macroscopically, no side-effect was observed in the gingiva and associated structures.
Molecular Composition of the Protein Matrix of Developing Human Dental Enamel
Authors: Fincham A.G. , Belcourt A.B. , Termine J.D.
Published: November 2010

The protein matrix of fetal human dental enamel was isolated and fractionated by chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures. Nine principal protein fractions were isolated and characterized. Possible inter-relationships of these proteins and their comparison with data from other species were examined. Significant differences between human proteins and those described for cow or pig enamel were identified.
Clinical Science
Authors: Baum B.J. , Bodner L.
Published: November 2010

A physical examination procedure was used to evaluate oral motor functions in a population of 257 community-dwelling males and females ranging in age from 23-88 yr. An increased prevalence of altered motor performance with age was found for parameters measuring lip posture and masticatory muscle function. Also, males, but not females, showed a higher prevalence of alterations in tongue function and in swallowing.
Oxidation Kinetics of Some Ni-Cr Alloys
Authors: Baran G.
Published: November 2010

Oxidation kinetics of four Ni-Cr alloys and a high-purity nickel standard was determined under isothermal conditions in an air atmosphere. In addition, weight gains of the alloys were measured during a simulated pre-oxidation treatment. The alloys' behavior suggests that mechanisms of oxidation vary with temperature and alloy composition.
Microstructures of Cu-rich Amalgams after Corrosion
Authors: Lin J.-H.C. , Marshall G.W. , Marshall S.J.
Published: November 2010

In vitro corrosion of Cu-rich amalgams resulted in selective attack of the η' phase. Copper was removed, and SnO2 products were found in pores and along matrix grain boundaries. The corrosion process greatly accelerated the γ 1→β1 transformation.
The Level of Residual Monomer in Self-curing Denture-base Materials
Authors: Fletcher A.M. , Purnaveja S. , Amin W.M. , Ritchie G.M. , Moradians S. , Dodd A.W.
Published: November 2010

Because residual monomer may cause tissue irritation, we investigated two self-curing acrylic denture-base materials — one a compression type, and the other a pourable material — by means of gas-liquid chromatography, Both exhibited higher residual monomer levels than did heat-cured acrylics, with thick sections having lower values than did thin sections. The pourable material showed lower values than did the compression variety.
Combined Effect of Trace Elements and Fluoride on Caries: Changes Over Ten Years in Northwest Ohio (U.S.A.)
Authors: Curzon M.E.J.
Published: November 2010

Dental caries examinations were carried out in an area of low caries prevalence, ascribed to a combined effect of fluoride and other trace elements. Repeat examinations in 1978 on lifelong resident children aged from 12 to 14 yr showed caries distribution patterns to be essentially the same as those found in a previous study in 1968. Some changes in DMFS scores had occurred, which were associated with changes in the strontium content of the drinking water; low caries levels were significantly associated with high strontium concentrations.
The Effect of Short-term Muscle Fatigue on the Masseteric Silent Period
Authors: Dale R.A. , Rugh J.D. , Hanley M.R.
Published: November 2010

It has been reported that masticatory pain and dysfunction patients have an increased silent period duration. It has also been reported that conditions of the muscles, such as fatigue, may be causative factors in the masticatory pain and dysfunction syndrome. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of experimental, short-term muscle fatigue on the silent period duration. Analysis of the data from group results indicated that short-term muscle fatigue did not significantly alter the silent period duration.
Increased Accumulation of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans in Cultures of Human Fibroblasts from Phenytoin-induced Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Kantor M.L. , Hassell T.M.
Published: November 2010

Long-term ingestion of phenytoin elicits gingival overgrowth. We investigated sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism by human gingival fibroblasts from normal gingivae and from phenytoin-enlarged gingivae. Incorporation, utilization, and subsequent loss of 35SO4= was measured in pulse-chase experiments. Fibroblasts from overgrown gingivae demonstrated increased accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The increase was due to elevated synthesis and not to decreased degradation.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Harper D.S. , Loesche W.J.
Published: November 2010

Sucrose and glucose catabolism by seven strains of Streptococcus mutans belonging to six serotypes was assayed at pH's 6.5, 5.0, 4.5, and 4.0 with a radioisotopic tracer assay. The strains differed in their patterns of metabolic stimulation and inhibition at the different pH levels, falling into groups corresponding to the genetic groups described by Coykendall. The genogroup I (serotypes c and e) strains were the most acid-tolerant, having a pH optimum for lactic acid production at pH 5.0. These data furnish additional metabolic confirmation of the distinctiveness of these S. mutans subgroups.
Clinical Science
Authors: Spranley T.J. , Gettleman L. , Zimmerman K.L.
Published: November 2010

The acute toxic reaction to 14 polysulfide rubber impression materials certified by the ADA was measured after injection into the oral mucosa of two baboons for 48 h, and the inflammatory response was evaluated quantitatively. Two materials were significantly more toxic than the others. Although light-bodied materials were less toxic and contained less lead, toxicity was not strongly related to lead content.
Mechanism of Adhesion of Polyelectrolyte Cements to Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Wilson A.D. , Prosser H.J. , Powis D.M.
Published: November 2010

The interaction between polyacrylate ions and hydroxyapatite was examined using extraction techniques and infra-red spectroscopy. These studies have shown that polyacrylate ions become irreversibly attached to the surface of hydroxyapatite by displacing existing phosphate ions. The mechanism is not one of simple ion exchange, since calcium ions are displaced by the phosphate ions.
Sodium Fluoride Susceptibilities of Suspected Periodontopathic Bacteria
Authors: Mandell R.L.
Published: November 2010

Utilizing a blood-based medium, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) to sodium fluoride (NaF) of 45 bacterial strains representing 22 oral species. Bacterial susceptibility ranged from 128 μg/ml to 2048 μg/ml. Of those organisms tested, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Actinomyces viscosus were susceptible at lower levels of NaF.
Mechanism of Differential Staining in Carious Dentin
Authors: Kuboki Y. , Liu C.-F. , Fusayama T.
Published: November 2010

The caries detector, 1.0% acid red sotution in proyylene glycol, failed to stain EDTA-demineralized bavine dentin matrix, but stained the same matrix when treated by lactic acid in a concentration above 0.01 M. Thus, acid of bacterial origin could possibly be responsible for the stainability change of carlous dentin in vivo.
The Effects of an Incisal Bite Plane on Rat Submandibular Glands
Authors: Abe K. , Yokota Y. , Kawazoe T. , Hioki S. , Kishimoto T. , Dawes C.
Published: November 2010

The submandibular glands of rats subjected to application of an incisal bite plane became slightly, but not significantly, enlarged. However, in. comparison with control animals, they secreted additional proteins identical with those secreted by glands enlarged by periodic incisor amputation or chronic isoproterenol treatment.
Clinical Science
Authors: West G.A. , Reid K.H. , Bastawi A.E.
Published: November 2010

Autonomic and behavioral responses to seven dental procedures were studied in 21 pedodontic patients aged six to 12. When mean pulse rate, pulse amplitude, absolute skin conductance, and skin-conductance responses were compared over all subjects, the injection of the local anesthetic consistently elicited the greatest response. In five patients where anesthesia was inadequate, painful high-speed drilling also elicited large responses. When autonomic responses were compared between high-anxious and low-anxious children, both groups showed similar transient responsiveness. High-anxious children showed a significantly higher basal level of sympathetic activity.
Effect of Continuous Fluoride Gel Use on Plaque Fluoride Retention and Microbial Activity
Authors: Brown L.R. , White J.O. , Horton I.M. , Dreizen S. , Streckfuss J.L.
Published: November 2010

Twelve consecutive wk of daily five-minute topical applications of 1% NaF gel by non-cancer control subjects did not significantly affect plaque concentrations of Streptococcus mutans or Lactobacillus spp. Plaque F- levels increased 150% (P <.001), while production of acetate and lactate decreased 40% (P < .007) and 66% (P < .001), respectively. Long-term (12 wk to more than five yr) fluoride gel use by post-irradiation xerostomic cancer patients was associated with increases in plaque F- and decreases in acidogenesis similar to those observed in the control subjects. Plaque concentrations of cariogenic organisms increased during the first yr of radiation-induced xerostomia and fluoride gel use, before starting to decline. Although sustained fluoride treatment increased (P <.001) the ratio of fluoride-resistant to fluoride-sensitive strains, the number of patients harboring detectable S. mutans was diminished (P < .001).
A Comparison of the in vitro Cytotoxicity of Two Glass-ionomer Cements
Authors: Meryon S.D. , Stephens P.G. , Browne R.M.
Published: November 2010

The in vitro cytotoxicity of two glass-ionomer cements - ASPA and ChemBond - was compared using a model cavity system which simulates the in vivo situation. Both materials were cytotoxic to fibroblasts and macrophages, although differences were observed in the time scale and magnitude of the response elicited.
Purification and Some Properties of Neuraminidase Isolated from the Culture Medium of Oral Bacterium Streptococcus mitis ATCC 9811
Authors: Nonaka H. , Ishikawa Y. , Otsuka M. , Toda K. , Sato M. , Nakamura R.
Published: November 2010

Neuraminidase acting on the salivary bacterial agglutinating factor was isolated and purified from the culture medium of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 9811. The molecular weight and the isoelectric point of the enzyme were determined to be 42,000 and a pH of 4.6, respectively. The enzyme showed high activity against human glycoprotein substraes, especially the salivary bacterial agglutinating factor.
A Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Four Disclosant Dyes
Authors: Baab D.A. , Broadwell A.H. , Williams B.L.
Published: November 2010

Four disclosant dyes were tested for antimicrobial activity against 27 oral reference strains and five non-oral human pathogens. Erythrosine and fluorescein inhibited most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms associated with dental plaque, and were bactericidal to selected strains. Fast green and brilliant blue demonstrated little antimicrobial activity.
Cigarette Staining and Cleaning of a Maxillofacial Silicone
Authors: Yu R. , Koran A. , Raptis C.N. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

In this study, a maxillofacial silicone elastomer was stained with cigarette smoke. The stain was then removed by solvent extraction using 1,1, 1-trichloroethane. The cigarette smoke produced large color changes in the elastomer as measured from spectrophotometric reflectance curves. The solvent was totally effective in removing the cigarette stain without changing the color of the silicone base.
The Salivary Lactoperoxidase System in Caries-resistant and -susceptible Adults
Authors: Mandel I.D. , Behrman J. , Levy R. , Weinstein D.
Published: November 2010

In a comparative study of caries-resistant and -susceptible adults, no significant differences were found in the concentrations of lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate, and pre-formed hypothiocyanite in parotid and submandibular saliva, or in hypothiocyanite formed in expectorated saliva over a 60-minute period. The concentrations per se of these components are not critical determinants of caries resistance or susceptibility. Thiocyanate concentration was higher in both unstimulated parotid and submandibular saliva than in the respective stimulated secretions. At comparable flow rates, parotid values were higher than submandibular.
The Influence of Various Admixes on the Physical Properties of a Polycarboxylate Cement
Authors: Øilo G. , Ruyter I.E.
Published: November 2010

Aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum fluoride-trihydrate, and titanium dioxide hydrate were added to a commercial polycarboxylate cement. The first substance increased the setting time and certain physical properties. The others decreased the same properties to varying degrees.