bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains: a novel second messenger involved in G protein-coupled receptors early signaling events
Authors: Servant Marc , Doyon Priscilla , El-Mortada Mohamad-Ali
Published: February 2025

GPCR rapidly transduced extracellular cues via their ability to activate effector proteins leading to the production of a variety of well-characterized second messenger molecules. We describe here that the E3 ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is required for the rapid and transient production of unanchored lysine (K)63-linked polyubiquitin chains in primary and transformed cells exposed to vasoactive agonists Angiotensin II (Ang II), Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and Thrombin (Thr). We further show that unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains accumulate in Transforming Growth Factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and IkappaB kinase beta (IKKβ) immunocomplexes and are required for the T-loop phosphorylation of TAK1 leading to IKKβ, c- Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38) phosphorylation and the induction of transcriptional events. Our results support a novel paradigm in field of GPCR signal transduction, identifying unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains as novel second messenger molecules.
Selecting Appropriate Clinical Trial Endpoints for Geroscience Trials: A Path Towards Consensus
Authors: Kritchevsky Stephen , Zamora Ezequiel , Bhasin Shalender , Cohen Alan , Chandler Allison , Covinsky Kevin , Crane Heidi , Cummings Steven , Erlandson Kristine , Espeland Mark , Espinoza Sara , Ferrucci Luigi , Fleming Alexander , Forman Daniel , LaCroix-Fralish Michael , Gonzales Mitzi , Justice Jamie , Kiel Douglas , Kuchel George , Mannick Joan , Menetski Joseph , Miller Michael , Musi Nicolas , Newman Anne , Newman John , Owens Sarah Simpson , Pandey Ambarish , Reilly Kandice , Sedrak Mina , Wagner John , Whitson Heather , Williamson Jeff
Published: February 2025

Using a modified Delphi process, we engaged 28 experts in clinical trials, geriatrics, and research translation to determine if there were consensus around what clinical endpoints should be used for trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions to prevent or treat multiple age-related conditions. Four focus groups developed themes. Statements related to those themes were circulated back to participants in a survey. There was consensus (more than 66% agreed or disagreed) that outcome measures should include multiple health dimensions including-age-related disease, function and patient reported outcomes that reflect participants goals; and be tailored to population characteristics. Experts felt that blood-based biomarkers would be unlikely to be accepted as primary endpoints of efficacy trials. Plausible components mentioned as part of a composite endpoint included mortality, mobility function and the onset of multiple age-related diseases. Our findings provide guidance on acceptable approaches to endpoint selection guiding the design of future geroscience trials.
Anti-corruption, Investment and Economic Growth：An Analysis of provincial data from China
Authors: Huang Huiteng , Niu Zhaohui
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the impact of anti-corruption efforts on economic growth in China, emphasizing the role of investment. The analysis is based on provincial-level data and utilizes panel fixed-effect models, panel threshold models, and spatial panel models. The findings indicate that: First, anti-corruption measures significantly boost economic growth by enhancing investment. Second, the impact is more pronounced on enterprise investment than infrastructure investment, and it affects state-owned enterprises more significantly than non-state-owned ones. Third, a threshold effect is observed wherein regions with more rigorous anti-corruption enforcement experience greater economic benefits. Finally, anti-corruption initiatives could enhance economic and investment growth in neighboring regions through spatial spillover effects. These results emphasize the critical role of anti-corruption initiatives in creating a favorable environment for economic development and investment in China.
JEL codes: H83, H50, O10, O40, O53, P35
Novel ATXN10 repeat motif patterns in Peruvian families modify disease age at onset
Authors: Sedov Kamilla , Manrique-Enciso Carla , Yang Madison James , Araujo-Aliaga Ismael , Dolzhenko Egor , Kalla Samantha , Kingan Sarah , Sarapura-Castro Elison , Rivera-Valdivia Andrea , Illanes-Manrique Maryenela , Cornejo-Olivas Mario , Schuele Birgitt
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal-dominant disorder caused by large intronic expansions of pentanucleotide repeats in the ATXN10 gene. While various repeat motifs have been described, emerging evidence suggests that specific repeat motifs—rather than merely repeat length alone—can significantly modify disease features such as seizure prevalence and penetrance.
Methods: We employed a novel multiplex 20-gene panel with Cas9-targeted, amplification-free long-read sequencing and optical genome mapping to elucidate ATXN10 repeat motif patterns and investigate potential genotype-phenotype correlations in index cases of six clinically well-characterized multigenerational SCA10 kindreds from Peru.
Results: We detected ATXN10 repeat expansions ranging from 990 to 2002 pentanucleotide repeats (4.9 to 10 kb expansions) across six families. Importantly, we identified three mixed repeat motif patterns and ratios of (ATTCT)ₙ(ATTCC)ₙ, which were associated with differences in age at disease onset and anticipation.
Discussion: Specific ATXN10 repeat motif patterns and (ATTCT)n(ATTCC)n motif ratios may serve as modifiers of SCA10 age at onset rather than repeat length. ATXN10 repeat composition can only be fully resolved with long-read sequencing and makes it a fundamental diagnostic for clinical practice and genetic counseling. These findings underscore the need to adapt long-read sequencing clinical workflows to fully characterize large repeat expansions at the nucleotide level.
Mathematical modeling and optimization study of urban breezeway planning
Authors: JunTao-Zheng  , Shaobin-Huang
Published: February 2025

With the acceleration of urbanization, the heat island effect has become a major problem affecting the urban environment and residents' quality of life. Reasonable breezeway planning is considered an important means to mitigate the heat island effect. Based on the building layout and meteorological data of a city, this paper establishes a mathematical model of breezeway planning by combining the principle of fluid dynamics and optimization algorithm. The study first constructs a hydrodynamic model of wind speed distribution through data collection and preprocessing, and proposes a model of breezeway based on optimization design. Then, the impact of different building layouts on wind speed and ventilation effect is analyzed through simulation, and the design scheme of the breezeway is optimized. The study shows that the reasonable design of breezeways can significantly improve the urban ventilation efficiency and effectively mitigate the heat island effect. Finally, the case study evaluates the application effect of the optimized scheme in the actual city and puts forward suggestions for future urban planning. The research in this paper provides mathematical model support for the construction of green cities, and offers new ideas for urban environment optimization and climate adaptation.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations increase in Clostridioides difficile isolates from patients with recurrence: results from a retrospective single-centre cohort study
Authors: Valsecchi Pietro , Asperges Erika , Corbella Marta , Banfi Greta , Maffezzoni Marcello , Amarasinghe Nicolò , Drago Roberta , Virga Flavia , Costanzo Filippo , Calabretta Francesca , Sacchi Paolo , Cambieri Patrizia , Sabatino Antonio Di , Baldanti Fausto , Bruno Raffaele
Published: February 2025

Background
While antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) isn’t routinely performed for C. difficile infection (CDI), reports of antimicrobial resistance have increased in surveillance studies. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of antimicrobial resistance to four antimicrobials (vancomycin, metronidazole, tigecycline and ciprofloxacin), to assess risk factors for antimicrobial resistance and to evaluate MIC variation in patients with recurrence.
Methods
Data from consecutive patients with CDI admitted to our Istitution between the 1st of January 2022 and the 30th of April 2023 were collected. We performed AST with gradient diffusion and NAAT to evaluate presumptive presence of R027/NAP1 and toxin production genes.
Results
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 108 available isolates. We didn’t found any isolate resistant to vancomycin, metronidazole and tigecycline, while all the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. For 8 patients isolates from both first episode and recurrence were available: 3 (37.5%) displayed 2 fold MIC increase for vancomycin, 6 (75%) for metronidazole and 3 (37.5%) for tigecycline.
Conclusions
Our results were concordant with European surveillance data. MIC increase to all tested antibiotics in patients with CDI may be due to biofilm formation and its possible role warrant further research, especially considering reports of clinical failure due to vancomycin resistance.
A Novel Secure Management Framework for Next-Gen Cloud-Edge Systems
Authors: Ranganathan Aditya , Smith Jane , Johnson Alex , Joshi Purvi
Published: February 2025

The convergence of cloud computing and edge intelligence has given rise to a new era of distributed computing infrastructure[1] that aim to leverage the strengths of both paradigms. Cloud computing provides on-demand scalability, high computational power, and global accessibility. Edge computing, on the other hand, is positioned closer to the end-user or data source, minimizing latency and improving real-time responsiveness. By merging these two, organizations can build efficient, low-latency solutions that meet stringent performance[2] and reliability requirements. However, this convergence also introduces new challenges related to security, data integrity, and management. Despite the many advances in cryptographic protocols and distributed systems orchestration, ensuring robust security postures in hybrid cloud-edge environments remains a daunting task.
SMARTFEST: Ruang Gelar Karya dan Aktualisasi Pendidikan Multikultural di SMAN 1 Jamblang
Authors: Nadia  , Khoeriyah Fathul , Naylacitra Gayyutri , Irmawati Ina , Nur Fauziah Nabilah
Published: February 2025

Pendidikan multikultural merupakan pendekatan yang bertujuan membangun sikap toleransi, penghargaan, dan pemahaman terhadap keberagaman budaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 1 Jamblang, Kabupaten Cirebon, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data penelitian diperoleh dari sumber data primer dan sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara mendalam pelaksanaan program Smartfest (SMANJA Art Festival) sebagai ruang gelar karya dan media aktualisasi pendidikan multikultural.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Smartfest mampu meningkatkan kreativitas, kerja sama, dan toleransi di kalangan siswa. Program ini menjadi ajang bagi siswa untuk menampilkan karya-karya terbaik yang dikemas dengan sentuhan budaya lokal, sehingga tidak hanya mendorong pengembangan potensi individu tetapi juga melestarikan kebudayaan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya kegiatan berbasis budaya lokal sebagai sarana mendukung pendidikan multikultural. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi institusi pendidikan lain dalam merancang kegiatan serupa yang berorientasi pada penguatan nilai-nilai multikultural dan pelestarian budaya lokal.
Wilson loops and spherical branes
Authors: Astesiano Davide , Bomans Pieter , Gautason Fridrik Freyr , Puletti Valentina Giangreco M. , Nix Alexia
Published: February 2025

We study \frac{1}{2}12-BPS Wilson loop operators in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on dd-dimensional spheres. Their vacuum expectation values can be computed at large NN through supersymmetric localisation. The holographic duals are given by back-reacted spherical D-branes. For d≠ 4d≠4, the resulting theories are non-conformal and correspondingly, the dual geometries do not possess an asymptotic AdS region. The main aim of this work is to compute the holographic Wilson loops by evaluating the partition function of a probe fundamental string and M2-brane in the dual geometry, focusing on the next-to-leading order. Along the way, we highlight a variety of issues related to the presence of a non-constant dilaton. In particular, the structure of the divergences of the one-loop partition functions takes a non-universal form in contrast to examples available in the literature. We devise a general framework to treat the divergences, successfully match the sub-leading scaling with \lambdaλ and NN, and provide a first step towards obtaining the numerical prefactor.
Codebase release 2.1 for Pymablock
Authors: Araya Day Isidora , Miles Sebastian , Kerstens Hugo , Varjas Daniel , Akhmerov Anton R.
Published: February 2025

A common technique in the study of complex quantum-mechanical systems is to reduce the number of degrees of freedom in the Hamiltonian by using quasi-degenerate perturbation theory. While the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation achieves this and constructs an effective Hamiltonian, its scaling is suboptimal, it is limited to two subspaces, and implementing it efficiently is both challenging and error-prone. We introduce an algorithm for constructing an equivalent effective Hamiltonian as well as a Python package, Pymablock, that implements it. Our algorithm combines an optimal asymptotic scaling and the ability to handle any number of subspaces with a range of other improvements. The package supports numerical and analytical calculations of any order and it is designed to be interoperable with any other packages for specifying the Hamiltonian. We demonstrate how the package handles constructing a k.p model, analyses a superconducting qubit, and computes the low-energy spectrum of a large tight-binding model. We also compare its performance with reference calculations and demonstrate its efficiency.
Citizenship in a de facto state. The case of Estonians in Abkhazia
Authors: Jürgenson Aivar
Published: February 2025

In the case of de facto states, among which the international community includes Abkhazia, the international recognition of these countries is a critical issue. Although they have a permanent population, a defined territory and a functioning government, their ability to engage with other states is limited. Abkhazia is recognized by some countries, but there are few opportunities for communication with the majority of countries in the political, economic, educational and social spheres. For inhabitants of Abkhazia, the lack of international recognition also affects their ability to cross borders and travel – it is not possible to cross borders with a passport of an unrecognized state. This also affects ethnic diasporas living in Abkhazia, whose ability to maintain translocal relations with their homeland has been severely disrupted. This article examines the different citizenship options available to the members of the Estonian diaspora in Abkhazia and the limitations imposed by the country's lack of international recognition. The study examines how legal restrictions hinder the maintenance of ties with the homeland and explores possible ways to overcome these obstacles.
A családrekonstitúciótól az eseménytörténeti elemzésig: A demográfiai folyamatok megértése felé vezető út
Authors: Őri Péter
Published: February 2025

Tanulmányunk két Pest megyei település, Tök és Zsámbék 19–20. századi termékenységtörténetét rekonstruálja. A két település egymással szomszédos, azonos földrajzi, gazdasági hatások érték, a korábbi demográfiai elemzések tanúsága szerint azonban két eltérő reprodukciós stratégiát testesítenek meg. A tanulmány célja, hogy a két település 19. századi és 20. század eleji termékenységtörténetét többváltozós statisztikai módszer (eseménytörténeti elemzés) segítségével részletesebben feltárja, rámutatva arra, hogy az eseménytörténeti elemzés milyen többletlehetőségeket nyújt a hagyományos családrekonstitúcióval szemben.
A longitudinális elemzés feltárta, hogy a változás mindkét településen már az 1820-as évektől elindult, ám Zsámbékon sokkal magasabb szintről és csak a gazdaréteget érintette, míg Tökön minden társadalmi rétegben tapasztalható volt. A gazdák között a termékenységcsökkenés 1850 után vált erőteljessé, majd a 20.század első felére egy kevesebb, de fiatalabb életkorra összpontosuló szüléssel jellemezhető modern demográfiai magatartás alakult ki. A változás kezdeményezői a kisbirtokosok és a helyi elitcsoportok voltak, az átmenet következtében magasabb termékenységüket a földnélküli rétegek magasabb termékenysége váltotta fel. A magatartásváltás eredete az alkalmazkodás a helyi túlnépesedéshez, birtokaprózódáshoz, az elvándorlási lehetőségek változásához, de a településeken belül a mintakövetés, a diffúzió lehetőségét sem lehet kizárni. Az eseménytörténeti elemzés segít feltárni a folyamat részleteit, közelebb jutunk a demográfiai viselkedés megértéséhez, de a változások okainak teljes megértése csupán demográfiai források és demográfiai elemzési technikák alkalmazásával nem lehetséges.
Changes in the settlement structure of the Russian village in the 2000s
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of RAS, M. Verbitskaya Olga
Published: February 2025

Background. In close connection with the previous development of urbanization and migration, the state of the rural settlement network in Russia at the stage of the 2000s of the 21st century was studied; it was shown that under their influence there was a continuous decline in the rural population, and more and more abandoned villages appeared, abandoned by their inhabitants. This is becoming especially relevant today, when the inhabited rural space of the Russian Federation continues to “shrink”, significantly hindering the further development of the regions. At the same time, the area of sparsely populated and even completely empty territories is expanding. The purpose of the research is to study the factors that have a direct impact on the distribution of the rural population; its employment and wages; the intensity of migration and the transformation of the main types of rural settlements, etc. In the 2000s, there was an increase in negative trends in the dynamics of rural settlement structure – due to the growth in the number of deserted villages and the further fragmentation of existing settlements. Materials and methods. The analysis was based on materials from the All-Russian population censuses, demographic statistics and published materials from annual rural monitoring conducted by the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics. The methodological potential includes: problem-chronological, comparative-historical, and statistical research methods (summarizing indicators obtained on the basis of counting mass data, etc.). Results. The grave consequences of the unsuccess-ful agrarian reform of the 1990s are traced: low industrial employment of rural residents, persistent unemployment, and a sharp decline in agricultural production. Low wages in the industry are the main reason for migration to the city, especially among young people. This inevitably entailed continued migration from the village to the city and a further decrease in the overall population of rural areas in Russia. Conclusions. It is necessary to invest more funds in the development of the village. The negative dynamics of changes in rural settlement not only hinders its development, but also seriously increases the aggressive ambitions of states unfriendly to Russia.
Epidemiology and evolution of historical aspects of differential diagnostic criteria of abdominal pain syndrome by the example of acute pancreatitis (literature review)
Authors:   Penza Institute of Advanced Medical Studies – branch of the Federal State Government-financed Educational Establishment of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Life-long Professional Learning” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, A. Baulin Anatoly , A. Averyanova Lyudmila ,   Clinical Hospital No. 6 named after G.A. Zakharin; Postgraduate student of the sub-department of surgery and endoscopy named after professor N.A. Baulin, Penza Institute of Advanced Medical Studies – branch of the Federal State Government-financed Educational Establishment of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Life-long Professional Learning” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, A. Baulin Vladimir ,   Penza Institute of Advanced Medical Studies – branch of the Federal State Government-financed Educational Establishment of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Life-long Professional Learning” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, A. Baulina Olga ,   Penza Institute of Advanced Medical Studies – branch of the Federal State Government-financed Educational Establishment of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Life-long Professional Learning” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

The article provides an overview of domestic and foreign literature summarizing data on the dynamics of the incidence of acute pancreatitis. Based on databases elibrary.ru, RSCI, PubMed discusses approaches to the management of patients with abdominal pain syndrome using the example of acute pancreatitis. The data on the management of patients with abdominal pain, the mechanisms of its formation, and the causes of its occurrence are considered. The achievements and unresolved issues related to the early and differential diagnosis of this pathology are described, which requires the expediency of continuing scientific research in this area.
Regularities of the themroelectrokinetic effect in colloidal tannin solution in the suppression of natural convection
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, V. Sidorov Aleksandr , M. Grabov Vladimir ,   Herzen University, A. Zaitsev Andrey ,   Bunin Yelets State University, V. Kuznetsov Denis ,   Bunin Yelets State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The study considers the thermoelectrokinetic effect, which belongs to a specific class of cross transport phenomena occurring under the simultaneous influence of three thermodynamic forces. The influence of natural convection on the steady-state fluid temperature and velocity fields formed in the presence of the thermoelectrokinetic effect is evaluated. The method of suppression of natural convection in the measurement of thermoelectrokinetic EMF is developed and the corresponding study in aqueous solution of tannin is carried out. Materials and methods. Assessment of the influence of natural convection on the temperature and velocity distributions of the liquid is carried out on the basis of experimental measurements of its temperature field using a laboratory thermal imager and calculations of the corresponding fields on the basis of numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes, heat conduction, and continuity equations by the finite element method. Measurement of thermoelectrokinetic EMF in colloidal tannin solution with suppression of free convection is carried out using a modified experimental setup in which the direction of the temperature gradient is reversed. Results. On the basis of numerical modeling and experimental measurements, the temperature and velocity distributions of the liquid in the Ushaped tube are obtained. The results of numerical calculations agree with the results of insitu experiment. It is shown that in the classical formulation of the experiment to measure thermoelectrokinetic EMF when heating the liquid in a U-shaped tube from below, it is not possible to create a significant temperature drop, on which the value of thermoelectrokinetic EMF depends. The thermoelectrokinetic EDS of colloidal tannin solution was measured under conditions of suppressed convection. Under these conditions, the EMF reaches a significant value. Conclusions. Thus, natural convection significantly affects the manifestation of the thermoelectrokinetic effect in liquid electrically conducting media, and its suppression contributes to the formation of higher temperature gradients. Due to this, the value of thermoelectrokinetic EMF increases.
Imagens cativas: uma análise das representações da escravidão negra a partir de livros didáticos de história aprovados pelo pnld 2017
Authors:   , Mariano Tiago de Souza
Published: February 2025

Essa pesquisa problematiza o modo como os temas da escravidão negra e a cultura afro-brasileira são abordados por meio de imagens nos livros didáticos de História dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. O foco de investigação são os livros didáticos de História aprovados pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) 2017, mais precisamente, duas coleções da editora FTD e duas coleções da editora SARAIVA. Levantadas informações sobre o Estado do Conhecimento, salienta-se que essas coleções didáticas ainda não sofreram análises no seu acervo iconográfico, tornando esse trabalho original e necessário. Como referencial teórico-metodológico, recorre-se de historiadores e pesquisadores que se ocupam da didática para o Ensino de História, como Bittencourt (2004; 2015) e Munakata (2007) que entendem o livro didático como um instrumento de construção e desconstrução de saberes. Quanto ao estudo de representações e imagens destaca-se Chartier (1990), Paiva (2006), e Mauad (2014). Dispõe-se de autores como Munanga; Gomes (2016), Gonçalves e Silva (2007) para discutirem negritude e africanidade nos currículos. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, pois pretende investigar e analisar as imagens da escravidão negra presentes nos livros didáticos autorizados pelo PNLD 2017. Quanto á metodologia, se dará por uma análise documental dos textos imagéticos a partir de categorias definidas embasadas na análise do conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Partindo dessa abordagem, busca-se verificar as possíveis mudanças e permanências do espaço dos afrodescendentes nos currículos da disciplina de História
The Pathophysiological Role of Mitochondria-associated Membranes in Coronary Artery Disease and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Chen Zhongxiu , Rao Li , He Yong
Published: February 2025

Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are pivotal in cellular homeostasis,
mediating communication between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
They are increasingly recognized for their role in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease
(CAD). This review delves into the cellular perspective of MAMs' impact on
atherosclerosis and CAD, highlighting their influence on disease progression and the potential
for therapeutic intervention. MAMs are implicated in key pathophysiological processes
such as the generation of reactive oxygen species, calcium homeostasis, myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion injury, autophagy, lipid synthesis and transport, and energy
metabolism—fundamental to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and
CAD. The complex interplay of MAMs with these pathological processes underscores
their potential as therapeutic targets. This review synthesizes current understanding and
emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the multifaceted roles of MAMs in
atherosclerosis and CAD, offering avenues for developing novel strategies aimed at improving
mitochondrial health and mitigating the impact of these conditions.
Latent Tuberculosis Screening and Active Tuberculosis Disease Development in People Living with HIV: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in Turkiye
Authors: Kuscu Ferit , Yildirim Figen , Erturk Damla , Cabalak Mehmet , Komur Suheyla , Inal Ayse Seza , Kurtaran Behice , Tasova Yesim , Candevir Aslihan
Published: February 2025

Background:

About 10% of individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) develop tuberculosis (TB) disease during their lifetime. People living with HIV (PLWH) have a significantly higher risk of developing tuberculosis disease from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) compared to those without HIV. Many HIV treatment guidelines recommend screening and treating for LTBI.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the LTBI screening frequency of PLWH and the rates of tuberculosis disease development during their follow-up.

Methods:

A total of 483 PLWH were admitted to 3 research hospitals between January 2005 and April 2020. Patients who were 18 years and older, who did not have active TB disease, and who were followed up regularly were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and laboratory results of the patients, and tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or interferon gamma releasing assay (IGRA) results were recorded. Whether TB developed during the follow-up of the patients or not was recorded.

Results:

A total of 482 PLWH were enrolled in the study, and 429 (89%) of them were male. The mean age of the patients was 37±13 years. The patients were followed for an average of 27.5 months (2-180 months). The mean CD4 count was 381±246/mm3 at the time of diagnosis. A total of 331 patients (68.7%) were screened for latent infection, and 62 (18.7%) of them were diagnosed with LTBI. During the follow-up of the patients, TB disease did not develop in anyone who was not screened for LTBI, while TB disease developed in 4 people who were screened. The mean age of PLWH who developed tuberculosis disease was 54±10 years, while those who did not develop it was 37±13 years, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.009).

Conclusion:

Screening for LTBI in PLWH and treating it when positive are recommended in the EACS guidelines. However, some local HIV guidelines recommend latent TB treatment according to ethnicity, CD4 count, and antiretroviral therapy use. Although the mean follow-up period was short, it was found that there was no difference in the development of TB disease in LTBI-positive and negative individuals in our study. For countries that are not on the list of high-burden countries for TB, it may be an option to give latent TB treatment only to selected patients who have lower CD4 counts.
Comparative Therapeutic Efficacy of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers versus Traditional Treatments for Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Prajapati Shatrudhan , Yadav Shikha
Published: February 2025

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with complex autoimmune and genetic origins, affecting approximately 125 million people globally, with prevalence rates ranging from 0.9% in the U.S. to 8.5% in Norway. This disease places a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems, with the average annual treatment cost per individual in the U.S. estimated at $2,528. Existing therapies often fall short due to issues like limited drug penetration and adverse effects, leading to patient dissatisfaction and treatment dis-continuation. This review examines advancements in lipid-based nanocarriers for topical psoriasis management, highlighting their potential to overcome these therapeutic barriers. Lipid-based nanocarriers, including liposomes, niosomes, and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), enhance drug stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery, which are pivotal in improving therapeutic outcomes. Innovations in combinatorial lipid-based therapies show promise in preclinical and clinical studies, supporting enhanced efficacy and improved quality of life for psoriasis patients. Future research should focus on optimizing these carriers for greater precision alongside rigorous clinical evaluations to validate their safety and impact.
An Overview of Colon Specific Drug Delivery: Approaches and Evaluation Aspects
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammad Akbar , Agrawal Nidhi , Jaiswal Meenakshi , Gupta Sakshi , Lanjhiyana S. K.
Published: February 2025

Background:

The Colon-specific Drug Delivery Systems (CDDS) are advantageous,
especially in the targeted therapy of colonic disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
(IBD), amoebiasis, and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Site-specific drug release enables achieving a
high drug level at the targeted site and reduces adverse effects. The drug targeting can be
achieved with zero or minimal drug releases into the non-targeted area, especially at
the stomach and small intestine sites, with maximum releases into the site of action.

Objective:

This article focused primarily on reviewing the literature on product development of
CDDS using approaches viz., pH-dependent, time-dependent, microbial-triggered, and combination
approaches of two or more strategies for achieving possible drug releases and targeting
successfully.

Methods:

This review highlights the contributions of researchers in recent years to the field of
CDDS, including various effective formulation designs and optimization, targeting approaches,
factors affecting colon targeting, and evaluation parameters.

Conclusion:

This review article broadly covers recent advancements in the optimization and
designing of novel CDDS with newer technologies in managing colon-specific diseases. It is
concluded that CDDS is advantageous for the successful targeting of drugs to the colon region
for effective management of colonic diseases.
Investigating Real-world Emissions from Liquefied Petroleum Gas-fueled Vehicles: A Modeling Approach that Utilizes Portable Emissions Measurement Systems
Authors: Mądziel Maksymilian
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The study presents an analysis of the emissions data from an LPG-fueled vehicle, focusing on key exhaust components. CO2, THC, and NOx. Data were aggregated from road tests conducted using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Subsequently, the impact of various factors, including vehicle speed, engine load, and engine RPM, on the generated emissions was investigated.

Methods

In addition, the methodology for developing emission models, particularly for THC in LPG vehicles, is outlined. The results demonstrate the feasibility of creating reliable and robust emission models characterized by low mean squared error (MSE) and high R2 values.

Results

These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between operational parameters and emissions, providing valuable information for emissions control strategies in vehicles powered by LPG. Research highlights the potential of data-driven approaches to improve environmental assessments and promote cleaner vehicle technologies.

Conclusion

The findings may prove useful in formulating emission reduction strategies and advancing technologies to reduce the environmental impact of LPG-powered vehicles.
Experimental study of BFRP-RC beams exposed to elevated temperatures
Authors: GHAZAL ASWAD Nour
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement has been widely adopted due to its superior mechanical properties and durability compared to conventional steel reinforcement. However, the fire performance of FRP-Reinforced Concrete (RC) members remains uncertain due to a lack of consistency in the limited available experimental results on concrete structural members with FRP subjected to elevated temperatures. This study consequently presents the flexural test results of eight steel and Basalt FRP (BFRP) RC prismatic beams exposed to elevated temperatures. The beams were subjected to target temperatures of 200, 400, and 700ºC before undergoing flexural testing. The experimental results revealed that the load-carrying capacity of steel RC beams decreased by a maximum of 35.5% at 400°C, while BFRP RC beams showed a 66.1% reduction at 700°C compared to those at room temperature. Overall, steel RC prismatic beams demonstrated a load-carrying capacity up to 60.5% higher than that of BFRP RC prismatic beams at all temperatures. Hence, beams with steel reinforcement can better withstand elevated temperatures compared to those with BFRP reinforcement, while BFRP RC beams still demonstrate acceptable performance.
Assessment of COVID-19 pandemic impact on daily trips in Salah al Din Governorate in Iraq
Authors: AL-OMARI Aslam A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily trips in Salah al-Din Governorate in Iraq was evaluated. A survey of 14,886 individuals was conducted, covering different aspects, such as changes in the frequency of trips, mode of transportation, distance traveled, travel time, and electronic means of reducing trips. The results showed a strong relationship between electronic activities like e-shopping and e-learning and a reduction in the number of trips. COVID-19 pandemic had a noticeable impact on changing daily trips, with educational trips being the most affected due to the use of e-learning as an alternative. The trip mode was affected by COVID-19 pandemic, where the trend toward using private vehicles, walking, and bicycle increased. The use of public transportation, however, has dramatically declined as a result of passenger anxiety over the spread of the disease. The movement restrictions caused a reduction in trip time and distance traveled, which may have a positive impact on lowering air pollution, traffic accidents, and congestion.
Roads failure and sustainability challenges of Zambian roads: A review of current practice
Authors: CHILUKWA Nathan Ntanda
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Significant investments have been made in the past ten years to improve the road network in Zambia. Programs initiated by the Government, such as the Link 8000 and L400, among others, aimed at constructing and rehabilitating more than 10, 000 km of roads at an estimated cost of over US$ 31 billion. However, as the programs progressed, it was noticed that some roads were failing before their design period (premature failure), calling into question the durability of the constructed roads and whether value for money was attainable. The problem is attributable to a wide range of factors. In the quest to achieving sustainability in the sector, all steps in the implementation process of roads construction must be interrogated to identify factors contributing to failure and curtail their impact. In this regard, this paper reviews some of the design practices and decisions for roads in Zambia. The paper reviews Terms of Reference (ToRs) and pavement structural designs for some road projects distributed all over Zambia to highlight challenges and inadequacies with the currently applicable standards and design guidelines. The treatment of uncertainties in design inputs and integration of sustainability concepts is also explored and benchmarked with regional and international best practice. Recommendations are presented to improve decision making during the roads design process.
An optimization approach process of a 4-story RC building structural plan through generative design
Authors: RUSI Ilda
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This paper explores the application of parametric design principles using optimization methods to enhance seismic design of a 4-story reinforced concrete building. Through a detailed case study, the paper demonstrates the versatility of Simulated Annealing on building an algorithm that is based on FEA analysis potentially linked with parametric design but at the same time use a stochastic optimization method to tackle the problem. The introduction starts by a quick brief overview of parametric design and visual programming since in the recent years are becoming more and more common to architects and engineers for their user-friendly interface where users can build scripts connecting blocks that represent functions. At this point it is important to emphasize some parametric design concepts, the previous studies on parametric design in related fields and therefore the corresponding key principles of Grasshopper in structural design. The methodology used is referred to the algorithm that involves the use of Simulated Annealing to iterate the different models and analysis by minimizing the torsional eccentricity on each floor after each iteration. Detailed explanation of how Grasshopper was employed in the design process and the visualization of the parametric design iterations are given. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, by presenting several design iterations which allow the engineers to have an optimal response against the seismic events just by arranging the dimensions and directions of columns, without changing the structural form. A discussion follows the interpretation of results based on the advantages and challenges of using Grasshopper for structural seismic response and an exploration of potential real-world applications. The main conclusion derives the summary of key findings, the implications of the study for future preliminary design concepts of the represented typology and also the encouragement for further research in the field of parametric design.
Evaluation of interlayer bond strength for C55 emulsion prime bituminous binders with aggregates
Authors: ABEJIDE Samuel
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The use of an environmentally and green friendly product for improved interlayer bond strength in recent times has gained interest in the construction industry. This study investigates the performance of the C55 Emulsion Prime when compared with the conventional MC30 prime in enhancing interlayer bond strength and overall adhesion potency with aggregate particles. The C55 Emulsion Prime is a bituminous-based binder designed to penetrate aggregate layers creating a cohesive bond that improves structural integrity and adhesion potency of the binder with aggregates. Through a series of laboratory tests conducted on the two samples, the study provides detailed results on the penetration depth, interlayer bond strength and application under wet conditions. The test results indicated that the C55 emulsion prime significantly enhanced interlayer bond strength with the G1 dolerite aggregate with notable improvement to moisturized or wet surfaces. The C55 Emulsion Prime demonstrates superior interlayer bond strength compared to MC30 Cutback Bitumen Prime in wet regions or when dry aggregate condition is not feasible. The C55 Emulsion prime has a rapid curing rate within 60mins of application to a wet surface making it an efficient protective layer over granular surfaces to adhere and form a good bond strength property with the asphalt layer. This superiority is evident in both the direct shear test, rolling bottle tests, penetration power test and Zeta Potential test making C55 Emulsion Prime a more reliable choice for enhancing pavement performance in accordance with environmental friendliness and climate change sequences. Furthermore, the adhesive strength of the emulsions can be determined by identifying the isoelectric point (IEP). IEP is the pH condition where the surface charge = 0 mV. The IEP of C55 is approximately at pH 4.1. The IEP of the MC30 has been extrapolated to be approximately at pH 2.1. Material where the IEP is at higher pH form the strongest bond because they have a high proton acceptability. It can be predicted that the C55 forms a stronger bond with the aggregate when compared to MC30.
Cost estimation model for residential buildings: A fuzzy expert system
Authors: Islam Muhammad Saiful
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Cost estimation is essential and one of the most challenging tasks in construction projects. In this field, inaccurate cost estimation and subsequent budget failures are common. Therefore, this study aims to develop a construction cost estimation model for residential buildings using real-life cost data sets collected from Bangladesh. Accordingly, a cost estimation model using the “Fuzzy Expert System” through MATHLAB fuzzy toolbox is developed. The model is demonstrated to predict the cost of a building project and is validated through error analysis. The error analysis shows that the model can estimate the construction cost of a residential building with an error margin of no more than 20%, which is an acceptable limit for preliminary project budgeting. The study's findings assist cost estimators in preparing budgeted costs and guide project owners in making informed decisions to allocate budgets and monitor and control project costs from initiation to execution phases. This study will further extend to develop a comprehensive cost model applicable to real-life buildings and other construction projects.
Sustainability challenges and opportunities in UAE construction industry: An analytical survey
Authors: ALQARYOUTI Yousef
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The construction industry in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is facing significant challenges in adopting sustainable practices. This study identifies and categorizes these challenges into four main categories: economic, capacity/professional, social, and technical challenges. 27 challenges were identified in these categories from literature and provided for a survey of the views of 62 industry professionals. The survey results highlight various barriers such as higher initial costs, longer project timelines, insufficient professional training, limited public awareness, and technological integration issues. Addressing these challenges will require a multi-faceted approach, including insurance interventions, increased information and education programs, public awareness campaigns, increased research and development, and improved collaboration and knowledge sharing among stakeholders. The paper concludes with recommendations for future work, emphasizing the need for coordinated efforts to promote sustainable construction in the UAE, thereby contributing to environmental conservation, economic stability, and improved quality of life.
Characteristics of compressed stabilized earth blocks for construction in Sudan
Authors: AHMED Omer
Published: February 2025

Abstract. As literature evidence proved that the compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB) units are an alternative environmentally friendly and low-cost building material, the objective of this case study is to examine the suitability of selected published guidelines to produce CSEB in Sudan. From two different locations in Omdurman city, two soil samples were collected: one was collected from Halaib zone and denoted by H, while the other was collected from the west bank of the river Nile and denoted by N, which was later modified by adding some sand and denoted by Nm. Several laboratory tests, such as particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, and linear shrinkage were carried out on these soil samples to identify and quantify the stabilizer required. The compaction test was then performed to determine the optimum moisture content. The produced CSEB units were subjected to dry and wet compressive strength test. The results suggest that CSEB units made from H and Nm soils demonstrate adequate strength performance, and thus, the selected guidelines are suitable for CSEB production in Sudan.