bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, Imagery Rescripting and Imaginal Exposure on Voluntary and Involuntary Memory of an Aversive Autobiographical Event
Authors: Aleksic Milena , Ehring Thomas , Kunze Anna Elisabeth , Han Yichen , Funk Henri , Wolkenstein Larissa
Published: February 2025

Clinical theories suggest that trauma-focused interventions reduce intrusive memories while preserving voluntary recall. However, concerns persist that they may inadvertently compromise factual memory content. To test these contrasting predictions, we examined the effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Imagery Rescripting (ImRs), Imaginal Exposure (IE), on involuntary and voluntary memories of an aversive autobiographical event. Healthy participants (N = 182), recruited between 2021 and 2023, completed a free recall task before receiving either one of the interventions or no intervention (NIC). One week later, the recall task was repeated. Intrusion load and frequency were assessed with an app-diary; psychophysiological responses to intrusions were assessed in a laboratory task. Independent raters evaluated disorganization, coherence, consistency of voluntary memory. All interventions reduced intrusion load, but only ImRs decreased intrusion frequency compared to NIC. Psychophysiological responses to intrusions showed no group differences. IE improved the structural organization of voluntary memory by reducing disorganized thoughts, while EMDR and ImRs enhanced conceptual organization by increasing contextual coherence. None of the interventions impaired memory consistency, with no group differences in contradictions or omissions. These findings suggest that these interventions reduce distressing intrusions without compromising voluntary memory. Further research should replicate these effects in clinical samples.
Systematic Evaluation of the Evidence Base on Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Supporting a Lack of Concern for Carcinogenic Hazard in Humans Based on Animal Cancer Studies and Mechanistic Data.
Authors: Borghoff Susan , Rivera Brianna , Fitch Seneca E , Buerger Amanda , Choksi Neepa , Franzen Allison , Covington Tammie , Bus James , Rushton Erik , Lea Isabel
Published: February 2025

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a high-octane fuel component that helps gasoline burn cleaner and reduces automobile emissions. In 1999, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized MTBE as “not classifiable” regarding human carcinogenicity. Since then, additional studies, have been published that substantially added to the evidence base to examine the carcinogenic potential of MTBE in humans. A systematic literature search and review was conducted to identify mechanistic data, as well as studies investigating cancer in MTBE-exposed humans and experimental animals. Critical appraisal was performed for relevant studies with mechanistic data organized and evaluated within Key Characteristics of Carcinogens (KCCs). Three standard animal cancer bioassays showed a low incidence of hepatocellular adenomas in female mice (inhalation exposure), with renal adenomas/carcinoma (inhalation) and brain tumors (drinking water) in male rats exposed to high concentrations of MTBE. Evidence extracted from the literature demonstrate that the mechanism of male rat renal tumors does not operate in humans. Review of the strength of mechanistic data was based on activity, relevancy, and reliability, with information-dense KCC2—is genotoxic, and KCC10—alters cell proliferation, cell death, and nutrient supply, together supporting that MTBE is unlikely to be a carcinogenic hazard to humans
Neural Entropic Sequence Divergence for Zero-Day Ransomware Detection
Authors: Stellav Kimberly , Winsborough Frederick , Featherington Cassian , Vasiliev Dominik
Published: February 2025

The rapid evolution of encryption-based cyber threats has necessitated the development of advanced detection methodologies capable of identifying malicious behaviors without reliance on predefined signatures. A neural entropy-driven approach, leveraging sequence divergence analysis, has been proposed to enhance real-time detection capabilities through the identification of anomalous entropy patterns in executable processes. The framework employs entropy-guided profiling to capture the statistical characteristics of dynamically changing encryption behaviors, differentiating between benign and ransomware-induced operations. Neural embeddings transform entropy divergence metrics into lower-dimensional feature spaces, enabling the classification of behavioral anomalies with improved generalization across previously unseen variants. Experimental evaluation demonstrates high detection accuracy, reduced false positives, and efficient execution across diverse computing environments. Comparative analysis with conventional detection techniques reveals enhanced adaptability against emerging ransomware families, particularly those employing polymorphic obfuscation mechanisms. The framework exhibits strong resilience against adversarial techniques, effectively identifying concealed encryption behaviors that evade traditional static analysis approaches. Computational efficiency assessments confirm that the detection pipeline operates within acceptable latency constraints, supporting real-time mitigation strategies with minimal resource overhead. The findings suggest that entropy-driven sequence analysis provides a viable pathway for improving proactive cybersecurity defenses against dynamic threats.
Testing functionality
Authors: Butler Blaine
Published: February 2025

Testing functionality of a new feature
Paradoxical effects of warning timing and frequency on dubious video sharing intentions
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Sugano Bruno T. , Frik Alisa , Nguyen Huy H. , Yamagishi Junichi , Echizen Isao , Igarashi Tasuku , Sasahara Kazutoshi
Published: February 2025

Although warning interventions are increasingly used to curb the spread of misinformation, their effectiveness varies significantly depending on implementation. This study used online survey experiments to examine how the timing and frequency of warnings affect the sharing intention of dubious videos. Participants evaluated videos featuring politicians they support and made decisions about sharing the videos on social media. In Study 1 (n = 558), a warning label was presented either during or after watching a single video; in Study 2 (n = 631), participants successively watched multiple videos with a warning label. The results revealed that warnings presented during video watching reduced sharing intentions in single-exposure scenarios. However, this effect disappeared with repeated exposure, and notably, warnings presented after watching the videos paradoxically increased sharing intentions, compared to the no warning control condition. These findings highlighted the critical importance of strategic warning implementation to counter visual misinformation.
The Influence of Sand Additives on Slip Resistance of Wood
Authors: Lee-Confer Jonathan , Wayman Lila , Renner Kristen
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Slips and falls are known to cause serious injuries in the workplace and home. To reduce the likelihood of slipping, sand additives have been recommended to be added into stains placed onto wood flooring. It is unknown which layer (first coat or topcoat), nor which application method (paint brush or roller brush) is best for producing a slip resistant result. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sand additives on the coefficient of friction with douglas wood fir. Methods: 6 pieces of douglas fir wood was placed into 6 treatments. A Mark IIIb tribometer was used to measure the coefficient of friction at baseline after sanding, and lastly when wet after 2 sealing and staining coats. Results: Paint brush applications exhibited significant increased COF compared to roller brush applications across all conditions (p < 0.001) with a large effect size (η2 = .545). Lastly, there were no significant effects of applying the sand additive in the first coat or topcoat on COF (p = 0.59). These findings demonstrate that the use of sand additives and paint brush application techniques enhance slip resistance, offering valuable insights for improving safety in residential and commercial wood flooring installations. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term durability and environmental resilience of these treatments.
Effective temperature bridges length-scales by facilitating lumped models of heterogeneous battery cells
Authors: Blyth Mark , Hales Alastair
Published: February 2025

The kinetics of a battery cell vary with temperature, which causes changes to electrical properties such as power capability and accessible capacity. Knowledge of cell temperature is therefore essential for battery design and operation. However, complications arise since electrochemical systems generate heat, causing thermal gradients to emerge. No single measure of this temperature distribution exists, which hinders battery design and management, and means pack, cell, and coin cell data cannot be directlycompared. Here we address this issue, by proposing a temperature measurement of a heterogeneous system that accounts for the effects of the heterogeneity on overall system kinetics. Previous authors have noted that a cell with a temperature gradient shows the same impedance as an identical lumped cell, at some uniform temperature. We refer to this as the effective temperature of a heterogeneous cell. We derive an explicit distributed cell model, consisting of parallel connected Thevenin circuits, from which a formula for effective temperature is defined. This results in a single temperature measurement for a heterogeneous battery system, which gives the temperature value that best represents the overall electrical dynamics, and correctly accounts for uneven temperature distributions. We show how the parameters of a thermal model can be extracted from electrical data, and note that the calibrated model recovers the effective temperature of the cell, despite having not been fitted to temperature data. This shows that our proposed temperature metric is an intrinsic and fundamentally meaningful measurement. Our results enable accurate lumped models of heterogeneous cells and packs, by capturing heterogeneity with effective temperature. In turn, this acts as a bridge to enable direct comparisons of electrochemical systems, regardless of length-scales and heterogeneity.
Do red objects enhance sexual attractiveness? No evidence from two large replications
Authors: Pollet Thomas Victor , Costello Joanne , Groeneboom Lotte , Peperkoorn Leonard S. , Wu Junhui
Published: February 2025

Color has been argued to exert a powerful effect on motivation and behavior. This has led researchers, most notably in social psychology, to examine the effects of color on perceptions of (sexual) attractiveness. Building on a body of work on the ‘romantic red effect’, Lin (2014) found evidence that the color of a laptop influenced ratings of a woman’s sexual attractiveness. If this holds true, then color effects could have profound importance for the marketing of consumer products such as laptops. Here we present two replications, one in the Netherlands and one in China, investigating whether red products increase perceived attractiveness. Across two studies, totaling 481 participants, we found no support for the claim that red products enhance sexual attractiveness. We discuss the implications for research on color and attractiveness and its implications for consumer research.
A short history of mindset
Authors: Buchanan Ash
Published: February 2025

If you want to grow your branches high and wide as a mindset practitioner, it is important you develop a deep system of roots in the origins and history of mindset psychology. However, opportunities to study the history of mindset tend to be few and far between. This paper presents a short history of mindset from the perspective of the many people who have explicitly used the term, alongside people who have studied similar ideas, and the fields supporting lineages and traditions. You are invited to study this history, as well as to contribute to a shared and ongoing process of making the history of mindset more visible for all to see and learn from.
Mindset education: A review of existing learning opportunities
Authors: Buchanan Ash
Published: February 2025

Around the world today, there are many opportunities to study mindset in a range of ways and contexts. In this paper, I share and review my experience of some of these learning opportunities as a researcher and practitioner in the mindset field. I also offer five recommendations for education providers and learners to consider as part of designing future mindset education programs. You are invited to reflect upon your mindset education, and/or upon the way you a teaching mindset, and consider if it’s possible to broaden, deepen, and diversify your experience and/or approach.
Estimating Causal Effects on Psychological Networks Using Item Response Theory
Authors: Gilbert Joshua , Domingue Benjamin , Kim James
Published: February 2025

Network models in which each variable interacts with the others in a complex system have emerged as an important alternative to latent variable models in psychometric research. However, confirmatory methods for group network comparison are limited by practical constraints, such as the computational intractability of the Ising model in large networks. In this study, we demonstrate how to estimate causal effects on network state and strength when direct network estimation is not feasible by leveraging the mathematical equivalencies between the Ising model and item response theory (IRT) models. We demonstrate through simulation that a two-parameter logistic (2PL) explanatory IRT model can simultaneously recover causal effects on network state and strength. We first apply the method to a single empirical example of a vocabulary assessment from a content literacy intervention to demonstrate model building and interpretation strategies. We then replicate our approach with 72 empirical datasets from randomized controlled trials with item-level outcome data in education, economics, health, and related fields. Our results show that causal effects on network strength are both common and uncorrelated with effects on network state, suggesting that causal network models can provide new insight into the impact of interventions in the social and behavioral sciences.
Investigating the Causal Effects of Anger on Costly Third-Party Punishment
Authors: Sasse Julia , Richiusa Chiara , Baumert Anna
Published: February 2025

Anger is assumed to fuel costly punishment of unjust acts, even when one is not personally affected. Yet, its causal role in third-party punishment remains to be rigorously scrutinized. To this aim, we conducted eight studies (total N = 3328), experimentally inducing anger and assessing behavioral reactions to unfair dictator decisions in the three-person-punishment game (3PPG). In five studies, we used incidental anger induction (imagery or autobiographical recall) that allowed us to induce anger without altering the key elements of the game. Anger was successfully induced but did not increase punishment compared to a neutral control. In three further studies, we used integral anger induction (framing and emotion regulation) to manipulate anger originating within the game.Regarding the framing manipulation (Studies 6 and 7), participants reported heightened anger when the dictator took a lot from rather than giving little to the recipient, even though both decisions resulted in the same unfair split. Regarding the emotion regulation manipulation (Study 8), being confronted with a dictator how had taken an unfair share from the recipient, participants reported heightened anger when they were instructed to intensify their emotional reactions rather than to take a neutral stance. In all studies 6 - 8, participants in the conditions with heightened anger punished more than in the respective other condition. This experimental effect was mediated by anger reactions. Together, this series of studies provides evidence for the causal role of anger in third-party punishment, but only if anger originates from the unfair act itself.
Modeling the initial state of early phonetic learning in infants
Authors: Poli Maxime , Schatz Thomas , Dupoux Emmanuel , Lavechin Marvin
Published: February 2025

What are the necessary conditions to acquire language? Do infants rely on simple statistical mechanisms, or do they come pre-wired with innate capabilities allowing them to learn their native language(s)? Previous modeling studies have shown that unsupervised learning algorithms could reproduce some aspects of infant phonetic learning. Despite these successes, algorithms still fail to reproduce the learning trajectories observed in infants. Here, we advocate that this failure is partly due to a wrong initial state. Contrary to infants, unsupervised learning algorithms start with little to no prior knowledge of speech sounds. In this work, we propose a modeling approach to investigate the relative contribution of innate factors and language experience in infant speech perception. Our approach allows us to investigate theories hypothesizing a more significant role of innate factors, offering new modeling opportunities for studying infant language acquisition.
What people learn from punishment: a cognitive model
Authors: Radkani Setayesh , Tenenbaum Joshua , Saxe Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Authorities, from parents of toddlers to leaders of formal institutions, use punishment to communicate disapproval and enforce social norms. Ideally, from whether and how severely a transgression is punished, targets and other observers learn how to comply with shared social norms. Yet in light of every punitive choice, observers also evaluate the motives and legitimacy of the authority. Here, we show that the effects of punishment can only be understood by considering these inferences simultaneously. Punishment inevitably communicates information both about the transgression and about the authority’s motives, and the tradeoff between these inferences shapes when punishment succeeds and how it fails. We measured human observers’ joint inferences empirically in three pre-registered experiments (N=1254), and developed a rational Bayesian model using an inverse planning framework, that captures and explains these inferences quantitatively and parsimoniously. Individual differences in ideological authoritarianism were correlated with differing prior beliefs about authorities, and subsequent interpretations of punishment; the model predicted that observing punishment by the authority can entrench these differences and lead to further polarization. This work reveals the rational logic behind how people learn from punishment, and a key constraint on the function of punishment in establishing shared social norms.
Hierarchy, power, and strategies to promote cooperation in social dilemmas [pre-print]
Authors: Molho Catherine , Balliet Daniel , Wu Junhui
Published: February 2025

Previous research on cooperation has primarily focused on egalitarian interactions, overlooking a fundamental feature of social life: hierarchy and power asymmetry. While recent accounts posit that hierarchies can reduce within-group conflict, individuals who possess high rank or power tend to show less cooperation. Then how is cooperation achieved within groups that contain power asymmetries? To address this question, the present research examines how relative power affects cooperation and strategies, such as punishment and gossip, to promote cooperation in social dilemmas. In two studies involving online real-time interactions in dyads (N = 246) and four-person groups (N = 371), we manipulate power by varying individuals’ ability to distribute resources in a dictator game, and measure punishment, gossip, and cooperative behaviors in a multi-round public goods game. Findings largely replicate previous research showing that punishment and gossip opportunities increase contributions to public goods in four-person groups. However, we find no support for the hypotheses that power directly affects cooperation or the use of punishment and gossip to promote cooperation. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the influence of hierarchy and power on cooperation within dyads and groups.
Open Research at the University of Bath: Awareness, Use, and Pathways to Engagement
Authors: Swierczynski Janusz , Hobbs Catherine , Vance Filipa , Ellis David Alexander , Button Katherine Susan , Baber Fran , Motes Alice , Shaw Hayley , Barnett Julie
Published: February 2025

Open Research (also known as Open Science or Open Scholarship) is a movementunderpinned by a set of principles of transparency and openness to make research accessibleto broader audiences, including the public, and increase trust in research. Encouraging certainOpen Research (OR) practices has been a key focus of the UK government in the last decadeto spur innovation and economic growth (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills,2012) as well as of research funding bodies such as UK Research and Innovation (UKRI).The University of Bath survey on OR practices ran through November and December 2022 fora period of three weeks. It was distributed to all academic staff and postgraduate researchstudents (PGRs). Questions aimed to assess current levels of awareness and use of ORpractices as well as researcher concerns about engaging in OR. Researchers were also askedhow the university can help to bridge the gap between awareness and use.The survey was split in two sections. The first part investigated awareness and use of ORpractices more generally, and the second – optional – section asked questions about specificOR practices: (i) preregistration, (ii) open materials and code, (iii) open data, (iv) preprints and(v) open access publication.A total of 232 respondents completed the survey. The optional part of the survey received atotal of 118 responses.
How to Build a Gaslighting Detector: A Multivariate Pattern of Emotion Salience Marks Gaslighting in Natural Language
Authors: Reilly Jamie , Johnston Camille , Sacks Ben , Olino Thomas M , Jarcho Johanna
Published: February 2025

Gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation involving denial or distortion of another person’s perspective and/or perception of events. Gaslighting is often a subtle and/or covert phenomenon that occurs under the guise of emotional support. A person who is skilled in gaslighting might mask their intent by avoiding particular ‘red flag’ language constructions (e.g., words, phrases). This variability in lexical use presents a significant challenge for text classification approaches based on detecting canonical distributions of words. We describe an alternative method and open-source R software application (Gaslighting) for detecting gaslighting in language samples of any length. Young adults (N=1,034) generated formal definitions of and stories about gaslighting. We indexed the lexical content of these narratives to derive a 22-dimension affective signature for gaslighting. This composite emotion vector yields a quantitative base for computing likelihood estimates of gaslighting in any new language sample. We derived expected distributions of gaslighting by computing distance metrics between emotion vectors for a training set of gaslighting stories (n=400) relative to definitions of gaslighting (N=1,017). We then examined classification accuracy using signal detection metrics for a holdout set of gaslighting stories (N=619) relative to expository language samples extracted from eight Wikipedia keyword searches (e.g., birds, furniture, art) (N=9600). Classification for gaslighting vs. non-gaslighting texts was high (85%) with a corresponding sensitivity of 72.6% and specificity of 78.1%. We discuss advantages of this method of emotion pattern matching in naturalistic language samples, including applications to other affective states or traits. We further outline computational assumptions, limitations, and caveats for using the algorithm on untrained/untested language samples
Gossip and Reputation in Everyday Life
Authors: Dores Cruz Terence Daniel , Thielmann Isabel , Columbus Simon , Molho Catherine , Wu Junhui , Righetti Francesca , de Vries Reinout E. , Koutsoumpis Antonis , van Lange Paul , Beersma Bianca , Balliet Daniel
Published: February 2025

Gossip—a sender communicating to a receiver about an absent third party—is hypothesized to impact reputation formation, partner selection, and cooperation. Laboratory experiments have found that people gossip about others’ cooperativeness and that they use gossip to condition their cooperation. Here,wemove beyond the laboratory and test several predictions from theories of indirect reciprocity and reputation-based partner selection about the content of everyday gossip and howpeople use it to update the reputation of others in their social network. In a Dutch community sample (N = 309), we sampled daily events in which people either sent or received gossip about a target over 10 days (ngossip = 5284). Gossip senders frequently shared information about targets’ cooperativeness and did so in ways that minimize potential retaliation from targets. Receivers overwhelmingly believed gossip to be true and updated their evaluation of targets based on gossip. In turn, a positive shift in the evaluation of a targetwas associated with higher intentions to help them in future interactions, and with lower intentions to avoid them in the future. Thus, gossip is used in daily life to impact and update reputations in a way that enables partner selection and indirect reciprocity.
Weight-related bullying in schools: a review of school anti-bullying policies
Authors: Hughes Amanda , Grey Elisabeth , Haigherty Alice , Shepherd Fayth , Gillison Fiona , Langford Rebecca
Published: February 2025

IntroductionWeight is the most common reason for being bullied at school - far more common than other targets for bullying such as ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Research suggests weight bias and stigma - including negative beliefs, attitudes, and discriminatory behaviours related to a person’s weight - is prevalent in educational settings among both pupils and staff.Most schools have anti-bullying policies with best practice suggesting policies should explicitly identify forms of unacceptable behaviour, such as racism or homophobia. We conducted an audit of secondary schools in southwest England to determine if/how they mention weight-related bullying in their policies. MethodsWe obtained lists of all secondary mainstream state, private, and specialist schools in seven local authorities and downloaded anti-bullying policies from their websites. Policies were searched for key words related to weight and size. We also recorded whether policies mentioned appearance or other key targets for bullying, such as race, religion, sexuality etc. We obtained school level data including size, gender mix, academic performance and quality ratings. ResultsFrom 255 schools with an available bullying or behaviour policy, only 6.7% specifically mentioned weight-related bullying. Just under half (48.6%) mentioned bullying in relation to appearance. Bullying was most often mentioned in relation to race/ethnicity (94.5%), sexual orientation (93.3%), gender (85.9%), religion (84.9%), or gender identity (67.5%). Private schools (N=40) were more likely to mention weight-based bullying (17.5%) than mainstream state schools (N=148, 6.1%). No specialist schools, whether state (N=41) or private (N=26), mentioned bullying in their policies. There was no strong evidence that other school characteristics made a difference, but small numbers limited the power of these comparisons. ConclusionThere is a significant mismatch between the prevalence of weight-related bullying in schools and its representation within school anti-bullying policies. Some types of school are more likely than others to mention weight-based bullying in their policies. We recommend that schools explicitly recognise weight-related bullying in their anti-bullying policies and explore how to support staff and pupil to take action.
Compositional Inequality: Measurement, Stylized Facts, and Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Ranaldi Marco
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the concept, measurement, principal stylized facts, and normative implications of compositional inequality. Compositional inequality refers to how the shares of capital and labor income vary along the income distribution. This analysis is valuable for several reasons. From a macroeconomic perspective, it elucidates the link between functional and personal distributions of income, which is crucial for addressing the drivers of income inequality in a context of AI-driven, technology-augmenting capital accumulation. From a comparative economic perspective, it locates economic systems on the continuum between two extremes: classical capitalism, where the rich earn predominantly from capital and the poor from labor, and new capitalism, where the composition of capital and labor is uniform across the distribution. We refer to the entire range of systems along this continuum as the distributional varieties of capitalism. Recent empirical studies indicate that, in most countries, we are far from classical capitalism, though with notable exceptions, such as Latin American countries. This underscores the need to evaluate the benefits of compositional equality. The paper concludes that compositional equality is desirable for at least two reasons: it promotes fairness and supports an inclusive, profit-driven regime of accumulation and growth. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)
Back to the Future - Changing Job Profiles in the Digital Age
Authors: Stephany Fabian , Lorenz Hanno
Published: February 2025

The uniqueness of human labour is at question in times of smart technologies. The 250 years-old discussion on technological unemployment reawakens. Frey and Osborne (2012) estimate that half of US employment will be automated by algorithms within the next 20 years. Other follow-up studies conclude that only a small fraction of workers will be replaced by digital technologies. The main contribution of our work is to show that the diversity of previous findings regarding the degree of job automation is, to a large extent, driven by model selection and not by controlling for personal characteristics or tasks. For our case study, we consult Austrian experts in machine learning and industry professionals on the susceptibility to digital technologies in the Austrian labour market. Our results indicate that, while clerical computer-based routine jobs are likely to change in the next decade, professional activities, such as the processing of complex information, are less prone to digital change.
Europeans’ climate consciousness: Increased yet more politicised
Authors: Kenny John , Fisher Stephen
Published: February 2025

As climate change has become more important to voters and political parties over the last decade in Europe, this paper asks whether public opinion on the issue has become more politicised, in the sense of being more closely linked to either party support or left-right identity. We consider change from Wave 8 (2016-17) to Wave 10 (2020-22) of the European Social Survey (ESS). Climate consciousness increased overall, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. Politicisation of climate change increased mostly in Western Europe, where it increased more on the left, and for left-wing party voters, than on the right. Populist-Right parties were distinctive in the relative stability of climate consciousness among their voters. Our results show increased politicisation of climate change attitudes within Western European countries, but also convergence between polities of the East and West at higher levels of climate consciousness, which may affect EU climate policy making.
PENGANTAR ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK
Authors: Alaslan Amtai
Published: February 2025

Dengan mengucapkan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, atas limpahan rahmat dan hidayahNya, maka Penulisan Buku dengan judul Pengantar Administrasi Publik dapat diselesaikan. Buku ini membahas tentang Administrasi Publik, Konsep Dan Perkembangan Sistem Admistrasi Publik, Lembaga Lembaga Negara, Lembaga Pemerintah Pusat Dan Kebijakan Desentralisasi, Kebijakan Publik, Lembaga Pemerintah Daerah, Reformasi Administrasi Dan Good Governance, Isu - Isu Reformasi Administrasi Publik, Reformasi Administrasi Publik Pemerintah, Reformasi Administrasi Birokrasi Publik, Administrasi Publik.
Tourism and Economic Growth: Assessing the Role of Tourism Industry in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Baikuntha
Published: February 2025

Nepal holds significant potential for tourism development. While tourism development can  drive economic growth in destination countries, there is ongoing debate about whether tourism directly causes economic growth. This study aims to analyze the trends in inbound tourist arrivals and tourism receipts in Nepal and assess tourism's impact on Nepal’s economic growth. The study utilizes secondary data spanning from 1975 to 2021, with variables rebased to a common base year of 2010/11. The independent variables include government consumption, gross fixed capital formation, tourism receipts, and trade volume, while the dependent variable is gross domestic product (GDP). A unit root test using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test was conducted to check for stationarity. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed to examine the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The findings indicate that inbound tourist arrivals in Nepal are rising, and foreign exchange earnings from tourism are also increasing. Most tourists come from India, China, the UK, the USA, and Sri Lanka. The estimated long-run coefficients for government consumption, gross fixed capital formation, and trade volume are positive and statistically significant, indicating a positive relationship with economic growth. However, the study found no long-term relationship between tourism receipts and economic growth.
The Role of SMEs in Enhancing Women’s Employment Opportunities in Nepal: A Data-Driven Perspective
Authors: Sharma Laxmi Kanta , Paudel Vishal
Published: February 2025

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in Nepal’s economy, making up over 90% of all businesses and providing jobs for around 2.6 million people. Despite this, women are underrepresented in the SME sector, accounting for only 37.75% of the workforce. Most of these women work in informal and low-paying roles, highlighting a significant gender gap. This study takes a data-driven approach to explore the barriers that limit women’s participation in SMEs. These include restricted access to financial resources, insufficient vocational training, deeply rooted societal norms, and poor infrastructure in rural areas. By analyzing secondary data, the research emphasizes how promoting gender inclusion in SMEs could have transformative effects. These include reducing poverty, increasing household incomes, and potentially boosting Nepal’s GDP by up to 16%. The study also reviews successful practices from around the world and evaluates how they can be adapted to Nepal’s unique social and economic conditions. It calls for targeted measures such as expanding women’s access to financial services, providing skill development opportunities, and implementing gender-sensitive policies. These actions aim to create a more inclusive SME sector. Ultimately, the findings underline the critical role of SMEs in driving sustainable economic growth and gender equality. By prioritizing women’s participation, SMEs can become powerful tools for socioeconomic progress in Nepal
नेपाःगाःया नेवाः संस्कृतिइ संगीत {Newar culture and music in Nepāgā}
Authors: वज्राचार्य  Bajracharya वज्रमुनि Bajramuni
Published: February 2025

नेपाःगाःया नेवाःत संस्कृति हनेगुली तसकं न्ह्यःने लाः । जीवनया प्रारम्भिक ईनिसें अन्त मजूतले, दछियंक लकसयात ल्वय्क नखःचखः, मेलापर्व, जात्रा हनेगु यानाच्वंगु दु । थुज्वःगु संस्कृति अर्थ, भूगोल, स्वास्थ, मौसम, सुचुपिचु, ऐतिहासिक, राजनैतिक घटना, पर्यावरणनाप स्वापू तयाः जीवनयात न्ह्याइपुक न्ह्यनेयंकेगु तातुना थाय् विशेष फरक फरक संस्कृति न्ह्याकाच्वंगु दु । संस्कृति दुने धर्मदर्शन नापं मनोरञ्जन दुथ्याकाः जीवन वंगु हे मचाय्क सामाजिक सद्भाव व सामाजिक एकतायात स्वानाः न्ह्यांवनाच्वंगु दु । थुज्वःगु संस्कृतिइ संगीत गुकथं ? गुगु थासय् ? दुथ्यानाच्वंगु दु धैगु न्ह्यसःया लिसःकथं गुज्वःगु संस्कृतिइ बाजा म्ये, प्याखं संगीत छ्यलातःगु दु धकाः क्यनेगु थुगु च्वसुया तातुना खः । थुकी नेपाःगाःया नेवाः संस्कृतिइ संगीतया स्वापूयात जक न्ह्यब्वयागु दु । थुकिया लागि पुस्तकालय सामग्रीयात छ्यलाः नेवाः संस्कृतिइ संगीतया छ्यलायात ब्याख्या विश्लेषण गुणात्मकता विधिकथं यानागु दु । नेवाःतय्सं न्ह्याकाच्वंगु जात्रापर्व, मेला नखःचखः, संस्कार थें जाःगु संस्कृतिइ प्रदर्शनकारी कला म्ये, बाजा, प्याखं गुकथं स्वानाच्वंगु दु । जात्राय् मेलाय् नखचखः, संस्कार आदिइ संगीतया छ्यला, भूमिका व स्वापूया बारे विश्लेषण जूगु दु । मूर्त रुपं खनेदैगु, प्रदर्शन जुइगु संस्कृतिया मेरुदण्डया रुपय् अमूर्त ज्ञान (सीप कला) दर्शनपाखें निर्देशित जुयाच्वनी, पिनेया गुलि नं अभ्यासगत संस्कृति सिद्धान्तया आधारय् न्ह्यानाच्वनी । थुगु खँ थुकी न्ह्यब्वयागु दु । थुगु च्वसु संस्कृति व संगीतया अनुसन्धान याइपिनिगु लागि उपयुक्त जुइ ।
An Analysis of the Legal and Governance Framework for Protection and Promotion of the Rights of the Islamic Bank, Customers, and Community: A Case Study of Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Dawood Hassan Mazin Abdulhameed , Haji Besar Mohd Hairul Azrin , Jaidin Jainatul Halida
Published: February 2025

Islamic corporate governance is aimed at maintaining Shariah compliance in the Islamic finance industry. Thus, it seeks to achieve the strategic objectives of Shariah (maqāṣid al-Shariah). Accordingly, it should protect and promote the stakeholders’ rights as long these rights are recognized by Shariah. However, the literature on the role of Islamic corporates in protecting and promoting the rights of the stakeholders is not sufficient in contrast to conventional corporate governance. This paper fills this gap by looking into how far Shariah board in Brunei Darussalam protect and promote the rights of the bank, customer, and community with reference to the maqāṣid (objectives) of Shariah, specifically, the maqāṣid of wealth as well as the laws of the Brunei Darussalam. After the discussion, it can be concluded that Shariah boards in Brunei Darussalam significantly protect and promote the rights of the bank, the customer, and the community but they prioritize the bank over the customer, especially, in the deposit products and the attached facilities. This paper makes use of legal and content analysis methods.
Effect of Epinephrine Nebulization in the Management of Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: Bakry Malik Abrar
Published: February 2025

Acute bronchiolitis is infection of bronchioles that affect infant and it consider as one of the major cause of hospital admissions. In this review we described the effect of nebulize epinephrine in acute bronchiolitis treatment. Epinephrine's vasoconstrictive and bronchodilator properties make it a promising intervention, especially in reducing airway edema and improving clinical outcomes. But its short acting and the use still controversial. An awareness of the effect of using nebulized epinephrine helps health worker to manage the disease and reduce morbidity and hospitalization.
Estrogens are essential for Good Health
Authors: Gupta P D
Published: February 2025

Estrogens, the class of female steroid hormones are responsible for making a woman a woman. The imbalance of this hormone sometimes wreaks havoc in a person’s life. The imbalance of this hormone may be due to pathophysiological and/or environmental exposure to xenoestrogens which are omnipresent in air, soil, and water including food, has become a serious cause of ill health. Unusual levels of estrogens in the circulatory system influence many organs and systems and cause certain systemic diseases and disorders.
Nanotechnology-Based Targeted Drug Delivery: Current Status and Future Prospects for Drug Development
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: February 2025

Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug-shipping systems, providing more suitable efficacy and specificity. This study explored the advancements in nanoparticle-based drug transport structures, such as polymeric nanoparticles, stable lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers. These nanocarriers have proven to be capable of overcoming the constraints of traditional drug transport techniques, including negative bioavailability, non-specific distribution, and undesirable side effects. Polymeric nanoparticles offer controlled and sustained drug release, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes. Stable lipid nanoparticles offer balance and biocompatibility, making them appropriate for use in various biomedical applications. Liposomes, with their precise bilayer structure, facilitate targeted drug delivery and decrease toxicity. Dendrimers, characterized by their highly branched architecture, allow for drug targeting and stronger cellular uptake. In cancer treatment, these nanoparticles have been particularly impactful, bearing in mind the focused delivery of chemotherapeutic marketers without delay to tumor websites, thereby minimizing damage to healthy tissues and decreasing systemic side effects. This study also addresses the challenges and future potential of nanotechnology in drug transport, including scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory issues. Understanding the mechanisms, blessings, and boundaries of these nanocarriers can help advance drug delivery and improve patient outcomes. The integration of nanotechnology into drug delivery represents a promising frontier in medicine, with the potential to transform therapeutic strategies and enhance the efficacy of treatment for numerous diseases.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, GAYA KOMUNIKASI DAN GAYA ORGANISATOR KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Soleha Amelia , Madihah Husnul , Husin Gt. Muhammad Irhamna
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepala sekolah di Banjarmasin melalui gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, gaya komunikasi dan gaya organisator kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah kota Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada 3 aspek, yaitu untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, gaya komunikasi dan gaya organisator kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah kota Banjarmasin. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan mengkaji pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, gaya komunikasi dan gaya organisator kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah kota Banjarmasin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Secara parsial gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, gaya komunikasi dan gaya organisator mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja guru di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah kota Banjarmasin, 2) Secara simultan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, gaya komunikasi dan gaya organisator mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja guru di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah kota Banjarmasin, 3) Hasil perhitungan memberikan gambaran gaya kepemimpinan transformasional adalah 6,607 > t tabel 1,987, gaya komunikasi yaitu 6,333 > t tabel 1,867, gaya organisator ialah 4,814 > t tabel 1,867, dan gaya Kepemimpinan transformasional, gaya komunikasi dan gaya organisator terhadap kinerja guru t hitung adalah 0.804, maka dapat dikatakan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, gaya komunikasi dan gaya organisator berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja guru.
KEDUDUKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM SISTEM POLITIK PERSPEKTIF ULAMA KONTEMPORER
Authors: Nabila Inatsa Zulfa , Maksum Muh Nur Rochim
Published: February 2025

The current reality is that the role of women is not given more attention so that society does not realize the importance of women's participation in the political system. Women are always considered weak when it comes to their physical appearance, moreover, the nature that has been assigned to women is often seen as an obstacle for them to serve in the government system. On the other hand, Islam's view of women does not differentiate their position. Islam does not recognize discrimination between women and men. However, the majority of fiqh scholars who follow the Manhaj Salaf agree to prohibit women from becoming leaders. The aim of this research is to describe the position of women in the political system according to several contemporary scholars, including Yusuf Al-Qardhawi, Quraish Shihab, and Hasan Al-Banna. The paradigm of this research is qualitative research. Using this type of library research. The object of study in this research is the thinking of contemporary ulama regarding the law for women in politics. This research describes the various views of the three scholars along with the basis used in deciding the legal position of women in politics
PERAN MUHAMMADIYAH DALAM ASPEK EKONOMI MELALUI AMAL USAHA MUHAMMADIYAH UNTUK MENYEJAHTERAKAN MASYARAKAT YANG BERDASAR PADA UNGKAPAN K.H AHMAD DAHLAN "HIDUP HIDUPILAH MUHAMMADIYAH, JANGAN MENCARI HIDUP DI MUHAMMADIYAH"
Authors: Rosyida Maharani Trianur , Maksum Muh Nur Rochim
Published: February 2025

Muhammadiyah didirikan oleh KH. Ahmad Dahlan pada tanggal 8 Dzulhijjah 1330 H, bertepatan dengan tanggal 18 November 1912 M, Muhammadiyah merupakah salah satu organisasi islam yang eksis di Indonesia hingga sekarang. Muhammadiyah mengadakan suatu pendekatan, pendekatan sendiri untuk mengatasi persoalan kemiskinan dan ketidakberdayaan dengan tujuan untuk menyejahterakan masyarakat. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian lapangan (field research). Obyek penelitian yang akan diteliti adalah Ranting Aisyiyah Kaligawe dan masyarakat Dukuh Pengkol, Desa Kaligawe, Kecamatan Pedan. Pimpinan Ranting Aisyiyah Kaligawe yang berada dibawah naungan Ranting Muhammadiyah Kaligawe setiap tahunnya dapat melaksanakan program kesejahteraan sosial berbentuk santunan (feeding) sebanyak 2x, yaitu di awal tahun Hijriah dan di pertengahan bulan Ramadhan untuk mencapai tingkat kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat tersebut. Namun, dilaksanakannya program tersebut dengan harapan dapat memperluas perkaderan Ranting Aisyiyah khusunya didesa Kaligawe, atau dapat disebut Long term education, dalam Muhammadiyah istilah ini juga dikenal sebagai upaya pengkaderan. Ternyata program tersebut tidak dapat menarik perhatian masyarakat yang mendapat santunan atau tidak adanya timbal balik kepada Aisyiyah, karena salah satu faktornya pribadi seseorang tersebut yang sudah kental dengan tradisi terdahulu yang tidak bisa ditinggalkan, juga desa Kaligawe memang mayoritas masyarakatnya masuk ke organisasi sebelah/NU. Dengan ini Ranting Aisyiyah hendaknya melaksanakan beberapa inovasi perkaderan yaitu dengan mengajak keluarga terdekat, bisa satu anak perempuan, baik anak perempuan sendiri, anak saudara, atau anak tetangga. Besar harapan dilaksanakannya inovasi perkaderan tersebut dapat menambah sedikit demi sedikit perkaderan di Ranting Aisyiyah Kaligawe.