bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alteration of Basic Quality Attributes of Set Yogurts as Added Sugar and Milk Fat Reduction
Authors: Dias Imanthika , Sajiwanie Amanda , Rathnayaka Udaya
Published: July 2020

Fat and sugar-free is a popular health claim for yogurts. However, eliminating these two components may alter the inherent quality attributes of the product. Knowledge of these alteration patterns is vital in the product development process. Present study was designed using general full factorial design, with two factors (and levels) as milk fat (0%, 1.5%, and 3.3%) and added sugar (0%, 3.5%, and 7%) to investigate individual and combined effects of fat and sugar levels on fermentation kinetics, total solid content, instrumental color values, lactic acid bacterial viability, texture profile, and rheology of set yogurt. Milk fat 3.3% and added sugar 7% yogurt was considered as the control. Results showed that fermentation kinetics not largely influenced by fat levels. Fermentation time not significantly differ with the fat/sugar alteration. Total solid content increase with milk fat and added sugar levels. Whiteness (L*) of the yogurt reduces with milk fat content but not significantly affected by added sugar levels. Yogurt bacteria counts were reduced with added sugar and milk fat levels. Full cream low sugar (3.3%, 3.5%) better texture profile over full cream high sugar (3.3%,7%) yogurts. Texture integrity reduces with the reduction of fat content. The consistency index also increased with fat levels. Both milk fat and added sugar have interaction effects on tested quality parameters. Accordingly, the reduction of added sugar and milk fat is favorably influenced some quality attributes of yogurt.
Prediction Model of Chick Hatching Weight with Restricted Ridge Regression
Authors: Hark Betül Dağoğlu , Alaşahan Sema
Published: July 2020

In this study, it is aimed to obtain prediction model for chick hatching weight by using shell ground color, shape characteristics, shell characteristics, white + yellow weight and weight loss property values during hatching of quail hatching eggs. Multicollinearity is one of the most common problems in prediction models. It is defined as linear dependence between explanatory variables in linear regression analysis. In this case, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator is not a predictor with minimum variance between unbiased estimators. Accordingly, the parameter estimates are away from the real value. One proposed approximation approach to eliminate this problem is restricted ridge regression.

According to the findings obtained from 523 chick hatching eggs, elongation, egg shell weight, shell weight + embryo waste (g), absolute weight loss after transfer (g), relative weight loss after transfer (%) and absolute weight loss in 0-14 days (g) were determined as factors affecting chick hatching weight. In the linear modeling approach, which is used to determine these factors, multicollinearity problem is revealed. Therefore, in order to obtain a stable set of parameters, restricted ridge regression analysis was applied and estimations with lower standard errors than standard errors of the parameters obtained from the (least squares) LSQ approach were obtained.
Rooftop Gardening: Estimation of Income from a Score of Socio-Ecological Variables
Authors: Mondal Kabita , Acharya S. K. , Pal Apurba , Haque Monirul , Chakraborty Rik
Published: July 2020

Aims: To study the relationship of total income was incurred from the rooftop gardening with various socio economic and behavioural aspects and elicit the future opportunity for this innovative method in this global warming situation where the world is facing the increasing crisis of availability of the land resources, support sustainability, contamination of ground water, food accessibility, and economic sustainability.   

Study Design: The locale was selected by purposive sampling technique and the respondents following rooftop gardening had been interacted and was selected by the snowball sampling method.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out during 2017 and 2018. The place, Janai Road of Srirampur, Khanakul-I and Khanakul-II block of Hooghly district, Budge Budge-II, Bishnupur-I and Bishnupur-II of South 24 Parganas and various areas in Kolkata were selected for the study.

Methodology: In this present study 50 respondents following rooftop gardens have been interacted and are selected by the snowball sampling method. A semi-structured schedule has been administered to generate women information regarding family composition, the rationale for opting rooftop gardening, the ecological views on roof gardening, and the cost opportunity analysis. The gathered data had been put into multivariate analysis (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V20.0 (SPSS) of IBM was used for analyzing the Coefficient of Correlation, Stepwise Regression and Path Analysis).

Results: Education (X2), rooftop area (X4), diversity of plants (X6), labour charges (X8), organic manure (X11), fertilizer (X13) variables have been found to exert strong and determining contribution to total income. Respondents revealed that it had provided a certain amount of income in addition to the conventional farming income.

Conclusion: The study had revealed that Rooftop gardening is not only eco-friendly horticulture but also a successful enterprise, having all the three critical echelons viz. economy, ecology, and equity as well.
DEMOCRACIA EM AÇÃO: indo além das eleições para melhorar o bem-estar
Authors: Touchton Michael , Borges Sugiyama Natasha , Wampler Brian
Published: July 2020

Como a democracia contribui para melhorar o bem-estar? Neste artigo, separamos os componentes da prática democrática – eleições, participação social, expansão dos programas sociais, capacidade administrativa municipal – para identificar sua relação com o bem-estar. Nossa análise de um conjunto de dados original abrangendo mais de 5.550 municípios brasileiros demonstra que eleições competitivas sozinhas não explicam variação nas taxas de mortalidade infantil, um resultado associado ao bem-estar. Vamos além das eleições para mostrar como instituições participativas, programas sociais e capacidade administrativa municipal podem interagir para se apoiar e reduzir as taxas de mortalidade infantil. O resultado é uma nova compreensão de como os diferentes aspectos da democracia trabalham juntos para melhorar uma característica essencial do desenvolvimento humano.

 

DEMOCRACY AR WORK: moving beyond elections to improve well-being

How does democracy work to improve well-being? In this paper, we disentangle the component parts of democratic practice—elections, civic participation, expansion of social provisioning, local administrative capacity—to identify their relationship with well-being. Our analysis of an original dataset covering over 5,550 Brazilian municipalities demonstrates that competitive elections alone do not explain variation in infant mortality rates, one outcome associated with wellbeing. We move beyond elections to show how participatory institutions, social programs, and local state capacity can interact to buttress one another and reduce infant mortality rates. The result is a new understanding of how different aspects of democracy work together to improve a key feature of human development.

Keywords: Democracy, Well-being, Participation, Social programs, Brazil.

 

DÉMOCRATIE EN ACTION: aller au-delà des élections pour améliorer le bien-être

Comment la démocratie contribue-t-elle à améliorer le bien-être? Dans cet article, nous séparons les éléments constitutifs de la pratique démocratique - élections, participation sociale, expansion des programmes sociaux, capacité administrative municipale - pour identifier sa relation avec le bien-être. Notre analyse d’un ensemble de données original couvrant plus de 5 550 municipalités brésiliennes montre que les élections compétitives n’expliquent pas à elles seules la variation des taux de mortalité infantile, résultat lié au bien-être. Nous allons au-delà des élections pour montrer comment les institutions participatives, les programmes sociaux et la capacité administrative municipale peuvent interagir pour se soutenir mutuellement et réduire les taux de mortalité infantile. Le résultat est une nouvelle compréhension de la façon dont différents aspects de la démocratie travaillent ensemble pour améliorer une caractéristique essentielle du développement humain.

Mots clés: Démocratie, Bien-être, Participation, Programmes sociaux, Brésil.
IMPLEMENTANDO A PARTICIPAÇÃO PÚBLICA NO BRASIL: Sociologia de atores secundários
Authors: Sa Vilas Boas Marie-Hélène
Published: July 2020

As instituições participativas brasileiras foram analisadas por uma densa literatura que estudou os projetos subjacentes a essas mesmas instituições, o engajamento dos cidadãos e os efeitos variáveis da participação sobre o campo político. Porém, a literatura pouco questionou o papel dos profissionais da participação, ou seja a atuação dos atores específicos que são pagos para conceber, organizar e facilitar as instituições participativas. Este artigo, baseado numa metodologia qualitativa, propõe uma tipologia dos organizadores das instituições participativas no Brasil. A hipótese desenvolvida é que esses atores têm um papel fundamental na delimitação do que significa participar e dos públicos legítimos nas instituições participativas. Ao privilegiar certos perfis de cidadãos, algumas ferramentas ou alguns comportamentos sobre outros, estes atores podem dar às instituições participativas um escopo transformador ou pelo contrário, defini-los como uma simples consulta dos cidadãos.
Editorial
Authors: Rodrigues Claudia
Published: July 2020

É com muita satisfação que apresentamos o primeiro número da Revista M., almejando que ela venha ocupar um significativo lugar no plano dos estudos sobre a morte, os mortos e o morrer, tendo como desafio trilhar os caminhos do campo por meio da interdisciplinaridade. Neste número inaugural, a Revista M. apresenta o dossiê temático Morte, poder e política, organizado por Douglas Attila Marcelino. Conta com artigos do historiador peruano Francisco Hernández Astete, dos historiadores brasileiros Luciana Pessanha Fagundes, do próprio Douglas Marcelino e dos cientistas sociais Felipe Guimarães Lamim e Naara Luna.
Panteones populares, cultura de masas y política de masas: la biografía póstuma de Carlos Gardel
Authors: Gayol Sandra
Published: July 2020

El artículo pone en relación la muerte violenta, la cultura de masas y la política en la Argentina del siglo XX. Se centra en el cantor de tangos Carlos Gardel, muerto en un choque de aviones en junio de 1935. Su muerte y su carrera post morten inauguran los panteones populares nacionales en la Argentina del siglo XX que coexisten con los panteones nacionales heredados del siglo XIX. A diferencia de éstos que surgen por iniciativa de los estados y que se asientan en el sacrificio personal por la patria, el culto póstumo de Gardel fue alentado por la cultura de masas. El argumento es que su biografía póstuma mezcló datos de la vida real del cantante con representaciones culturales sobre el ascenso social y con representaciones sociales sobre la política. La eficacia moral y política de Carlos Gardel y su excepcional capacidad de mantenerse en el tiempo en la memoria colectiva del Río de la Plata, se explican porque consiguió el ascenso social, no abandonó simbólicamente sus orígenes populares y nunca se habría interesado por la política. A partir de un caso puntual, el trabajo reflexiona sobre la compleja relación entre cultura de masas, política de masas, muerte y panteones populares en la historia contemporánea.
Poder y muerte entre los Incas
Authors: Astete Francisco Hernandez
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se estudia el culto y cuidado de los incas muertos, organizados por los grupos de nobles privilegiados del Cuzco, las llamadas panacas. En este sentido, se afirma que la existencia – y, por tanto, los privilegios de estos grupos – dependía exclusivamente de su capacidad de mostrar que su fundador, transformado en ancestro, continuaba formando parte de la estructura política incaica a través, por ejemplo, de su participación en las múltiples festividades cuzqueñas. De allí, la preocupación de estos grupos - aillus - por cuidar tanto el cuerpo momificado de su fundador, y de allí también que los conflictos entre ellos pudiera devenir en la destrucción de la momia del ancestro del grupo contrario.
Espacio y tiempo en las representaciones infantiles de la muerte
Authors: Tau Ramiro , Lenzi Alicia
Published: July 2020

En base a los resultados obtenidos en una investigación empírica sobre el desarrollo del conocimiento infantil acerca de la muerte humana (realizada con niños argentinos de 5 a 10 años de edad, pertenecientes a sectores socioculturales medios y a grupos de familias religiosas y  ateas), se presenta en este artículo una discusión teórica acerca de dos aspectos centrales de la comprensión de la muerte: lo que denominamos espacialización (la caracterización de la muerte, no en los términos de los procesos biológicos o de las representaciones religiosas usuales, sino de un lugar o espacio) y la secuencia temporal (la organización temporal que adoptan los hechos en las explicaciones, motivaciones y búsqueda de razones de la muerte). A modo de hipótesis, se propone que son estos aspectos del desarrollo de la comprensión de la muerte en los niños los que dan lugar a las nociones polifásicas de las representaciones, creencias y prácticas de los adultos.
A Casa da Morte
Authors: Assumpção Ricardo Ramos
Published: July 2020

GODOY,   Marcelo.   A  casa  da  vovó:  uma  biografia  do  DOI-Codi  (1969-1991),  o centro de sequestro, tortura e morte da ditadura  militar.  2ª  Edição.  São  Paulo: Alameda, 2014. 612 p.
Quando começa e quando termina a pesquisa netnográfica? O grupo Profiles de Gente Morta
Authors: Martins Andréia
Published: July 2020

Este relato oferece algumas reflexões surgidas durante pesquisas netnográficas que possuem a morte como tema. As considerações aqui apresentadas são advindas de pesquisas conduzidas em três momentos, no decorrer de oito anos, em um grupo intitulado Profiles de Gente Morta, originado no Orkut e atualmente no Facebook, entre 2009 e 2017, que tem como objetivo a catalogação de perfis de usuários de redes sociais que já faleceram. A hipótese levantada neste relato é a de que, quando o pesquisador desenvolve diversos papeis no campo de pesquisa, os limites do campo e os papeis exercidos podem ser um pouco mais difíceis de determinar, tornando-se fluidos. Para ilustrar o conceito de fluidez, este trabalho conta com a narrativa de duas experiências vividas em campo durante o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa de doutorado em Ciências Sociais sobre a prática do velório virtual.
Apresentação
Authors: Catela Ludmila Gilda Verónica da Silva , Franco Maria Helena
Published: July 2020

Luto.
Imagens contrastantes da morte nos Carmina de Horácio
Authors: Beltrão Cláudia
Published: July 2020

A morte é um tema central nos Carmina de Horácio. Esses cantos, ao lidarem com a transcendência, esconjuram a ameaça da morte. Imagens contrastantes da morte e do destino dos seres humanos surgem na lírica político-religiosa do poeta, partindo da dissolução do indivíduo na sombra e no pó à celebração post mortem daqueles que merecem ser cantados, como Cleópatra, o divino Augusto e o próprio Horácio.
La muerte es escena: o sus dimensiones múltiples a partir del este y sur de África central
Authors: Gayol Sandra
Published: July 2020

KALUSA, Walima; VAUGHAN, Megan. Death, Belief and Politics in Central African History. Lusaka: Lembani Trust, 2013. 384 p.
Funerales de presidentes del Paraguay fallecidos durante la dictadura Stronista
Authors: González Erasmo González
Published: July 2020

El gobierno del general Alfredo Stroessner, de 35 años de duración (1954 a 1989), fue una dictadura que se caracterizó por excluir a los adversarios políticos, quienes sufrieron distintos tipos de privaciones. Este artículo analiza la actitud del sistema stronista ante la muerte de figuras políticas que ocuparon la presidencia de la República, antecediendo al general Stroessner. Fueron nueve los presidentes fallecidos de los cuales tres fueron opositores. Esta dictadura relegó a ciudadanos opositores que debieron ser honrados por el cargo que ocuparon, al punto que sus exequias se efectuaron en medio de la indiferencia del gobierno, mientras que otros ex presidentes fueron enaltecidos y venerados en sus funerales por su adhesión al régimen stronista.
La historia de un mural o acerca de la muerte, de los muertos y de lo que se hace con ellos. Muertes violentas de jóvenes de barrios populares en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Pita Maria Victoria
Published: July 2020

En este artículo propongo, a través de la presentación de una serie de situaciones de trabajo de campo en una villa de emergencia de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, dar cuenta de los diversos usos sociales de los muertos. Para ello, me detengo en el análisis de la trama social y comunitaria en la que se narra y presenta a un muerto y a una muerte. La hipótesis de trabajo puesta en juego busca dar cuenta de que los sucesos y la propia presentación de ellos no son sino eventos inscriptos en una trama de significados locales desde la cual se los comprende y narra. Y es tejida en esa misma trama que finalmente se impondrá una lectura y una valoración tanto de los sucesos como de las personas en ellos implicadas. Es bajo este encuadre que en este texto se busca proponer una lectura sobre las formas locales y específicas en que un muerto qua significado es puesto en circulación para narrar y colocar valores morales locales acerca de las violencias y los jóvenes de los barrios populares.
Por uma arqueologia dos vestígios funerários do passado: contribuições, práticas e caminhos possíveis
Authors: Peixoto Pedro Vieira da Silva
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo oferece uma reflexão crítica a respeito da morte como campo profícuo para o estudo do passado, em especial, a partir das contribuições advindas da Arqueologia Funerária. Ele sintetiza algumas das principais contribuições intelectuais provenientes do antiquarismo, da arqueologia processual e pós-processual para o entendimento das práticas mortuárias e, não obstante, aponta ao leitor maneiras de incorporar tais contribuições para melhor entendimento da morte e enterramentos em contextos passados. Afinal, o que a Arqueologia Funerária tem a oferecer à História, e por que ela é apenas ainda perifericamente incorporada ao debate? Traçando um conjunto de propostas fluidas e colaborativas entre o ofício arqueológico e historiográfico, o artigo mapeia um caminho frutífero a ser percorrido, em um ensaio sobre os potenciais do estudo do passado por intermédio da materialidade deixada pelos vestígios funerários.
Marcas para la vida, señales para la muerte Los cuerpos tatuados de la cultura Chancay en Cerro Colorado, Huacho, Perú
Authors: Luna Pieter Dennis Van Dalen , Enciso Alfredo Altamirano , Majchrzak Łukasz
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo busca difundir el hallazgo arqueológico en el cementerio de Cerro Colorado, de individuos con tatuajes corporales, correspondientes a la cultura Chancay. Se trata de un descubrimiento poco conocido y poco recurrente en las sociedades andinas prehispánicas, salvo algunos casos aislados de las culturas Paracas y Moche. La importancia del hallazgo que presentaremos radica en que se trata de más de un centenar de individuos con este tratamiento corporal. Los cuerpos tatuados corresponden al Periodo Intermedio Tardío (1000-1470 d.C.), presentando tanto individuos de sexo masculino como femenino y de diferentes edades, con diversidad de motivos, elaborados principalmente en colores negro, azul y rojo. La práctica de aplicación de tatuajes se desarrolló como una actividad muy difundida de parte de la población, realizada en ceremonias religiosas.
Después de la muerte: Procesos de transformación social y política en la Argentina reciente
Authors: Lazarte Cinthya
Published: July 2020

GAYOL, Sandra; KESSLER Gabriel. Muertes que importan. Una mirada sociohistórica sobre los casos que marcaron la Argentina reciente. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2018. 264 p.
Suicídio, seus sentidos histórico-sociais e o sofrimento humano
Authors: Lopes Fábio Henrique , Marquetti Fernanda Cristina
Published: July 2020

Este dossiê confirma que a proliferação de estudos, abordagens e tematizações sobre o suicídio é inegável, não só no Brasil. De várias áreas do saber, sobretudo das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, bem como das práticas e dos saberes Psi, surgem dizibilidades e visibilidades que historicizam, complexificam e ampliam as possibilidades analíticas, os sentidos, representações, imagens e referências atribuídas ao ato de se dar à morte e ao sujeito que o pratica.
Is work engagement associated with healthier dietary patterns? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Amano Hoichi , Fukuda Yoshiharu , Baden Megu Y , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Work engagement is defined as a positive, fulfilling feeling about one’s job and is associated with higher productivity and morale. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate whether work engagement is related to healthier dietary behaviors among Japanese workers.

Methods

The present study was part of the Japanese Study of Health, Occupation, and Psychosocial Factors Related to Equity. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate daily nutritional intake. The following seven nutrients were considered: salt intake, dietary fat (saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), dietary fiber, folate, and isoflavone. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed, adjusting for job stress, psychological distress, and other confounders. The baseline survey inquired about work engagement among 2,233 employees of 12 workplaces in Japan, representing a range of industries.

Results

The mean age of the sample was 43.4 ± 9.7 years and 89.7% of the participants were male. The mean score of work engagement was 2.9 ± 1.0. Higher work engagement was significantly positively associated with higher salt intake (β = 0.17, SE = 0.06, P = .006), monounsaturated fatty acids (β = 0.29, SE = 0.13, P = .03), polyunsaturated fatty acids (β = 0.28, SE = 0.09, P = .001), dietary fiber (β = 0.23, SE = 0.09, P = .012), and folate (β = 10.2, SE = 2.9, P = .005) consumption, but not saturated fatty acid (β = 0.16, SE = 0.11, P = .13) or isoflavone (β = 0.64, SE = 0.36, P = .072).

Conclusion

The present study suggested that higher work engagement is associated with a healthier pattern of dietary behaviors among workers. Improving work engagement may be a novel target for workplace health promotion.
Ergonomic risk exposure and work ability among young dental professionals in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Sihao , Wu Zhenyi , Tang Wenjuan , Xu Guoxi , Zeng Xianzhe
Published: July 2020

Background

Exposure to high ergonomic risk resulted in an increasing prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dental professional. However, little is known about the high exposure risk impact on work ability among dental professionals.

Objective

We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the association between ergonomic risk exposure and work ability among young dental professionals in their early careers.

Methods

A total of 230 dental professionals including dentists, dental assistants, and nurses were clustered sampled from three hospitals in Guangzhou, south of China. We used the Quick Ergonomic Check (QEC) to assess participants’ ergonomic risk exposure and Work Ability Index (WAI) to evaluate their work ability. Demographics and other factors related with WAI were also included in the data collection. Multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the association between ergonomic exposure scores and WAI.

Results

A total of 218 participants (94.8%) had valid data and consent forms. The participants’ average WAI was 39.6, of which the poor and moderate WAI composed 31%. High and very high ergonomic risk exposure level was 45.9% for the neck and 21.1% for the wrist/hand. In general, WAI decreased with higher ergonomic exposure level. With adjustment of other potential risk factors, the ergonomic scores for wrist/hand and total scores for the whole body were significantly associated with the decreased WAI.

Conclusion

High ergonomic risk exposure might risk in reducing work ability among young dental professionals. Intervention measures toward ergonomic risk should be taken to prevent WAI from decreasing in their early careers.
Low back pain prevalence and risk factors among health workers in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Al Amer Hamad S
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Low back pain (LBP) has a major impact on health workers, and its prevalence and risk factors among them in Saudi Arabia have been investigated previously. However, the results have never been comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to identify the prevalence and risk factors of LBP among health workers in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Saudi peer-reviewed journals were searched for relevant literature. After quality assessment of the eligible articles, 18 studies targeting seven occupational categories, with a total number of 5345 health workers, were analyzed.

Results

Pooled prevalence rates of 40.8% (n = 7 studies), 65.0% (n = 13 studies), and 81.4% (n = 2 studies) were obtained for week, year, and career, respectively, across all professional groups. Nurses and physical therapists were more susceptible to LBP, in that order, than the other categories considering week and career periods. Age, body mass index, and female gender were the most commonly reported individual risk factors. Occupational risk factors mainly included work-related activities requiring back bending and twisting, lifting and pulling objects, and manual patient-handling.

Conclusions

The results of this review indicate that LBP is highly prevalent among health workers in Saudi Arabia when compared with international rates. Proper prophylactic measures are necessary to reduce LBP and minimize its consequences. Further high-quality research is needed in different Saudi regions to achieve a broader understanding of LBP prevalence and causes.
Tracking leukemic T‐cell transcriptional dynamics in vivo with a blood‐based reporter assay
Authors: Tamayo Alfred G. , Shukor Syukri , Burr Alexandra , Erickson Patrick , Parekkadan Biju
Published: July 2020

Transcriptional dynamics of cancer cells govern cell fate decisions and are therapeutically actionable drug targets. In this study, we engineered a circulating cancer cell line that secretes a luciferase reporter to capture constitutive and circadian clock‐driven transcription dynamics over the course of a day. Engineered human leukemic T cells (Jurkat) were observed to rhythmically secrete luciferase in a continuous flow cell culture system. When transplanted in vivo, engineered leukemic cells caused circadian plasma luciferase activity and had expected pathological signs of leukemic disease. This technique is rapid and noninvasive, requiring only a few microliters of media or blood, and can aid in investigating relationships between in vivo cancer cell signaling and behavior, such as diet or sleep.
Friend or foe? Postdivorce hostility among recently divorced individuals
Authors: Kjeld Simone G. , Strizzi Jenna M. , Øverup Camilla S. , Cipric Ana , Sander Søren , Hald Gert M.
Published: July 2020

High levels of hostility often occur during and postdivorce and may significantly affect the quality of life, parent–child relationships, and social functioning of divorcees. Moreover, hostility may predict aggressive and violent behavior. This study sought to (a) compare average general hostility levels of a large sample of Danish divorcees to the norms of the general adult Danish population, (b) compare general hostility levels between male and female divorcees, and (c) investigate the explanatory value of various sociodemographic and divorce‐related factors on postdivorce general hostility and whether these factors differ across gender. Cross‐sectional baseline data (N = 1,856) from a larger randomized controlled trial study was used in this study. Normative data from a general sample of Danish adults (N = 2,040) was used for comparisons of hostility levels between our study sample and the Danish background population. This study found that male and female divorcees did not report significantly different hostility levels. However, participants reported significantly higher hostility levels postdivorce than the comparative Danish norm sample. Significant predictors of postdivorce hostility were lower age, lower educational level, infidelity as a reason for divorce, higher degree of postdivorce conflict, worse communication with the former spouse, the former spouse as the initiator of the divorce, and new partner status with neither divorcees having a new partner, or only the former spouse having a new partner. The predictive strength of the factors did not differ across gender. The findings may be especially relevant for interventions targeting problematic outcomes postdivorce (e.g., preventing aggressive behavior).
Seizures and risk of epilepsy in anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABABR encephalitis
Authors: Shen Chun‐Hong , Fang Gao‐Li , Yang Fan , Cai Meng‐Ting , Zheng Yang , Fang Wei , Guo Yi , Zhang Yin‐Xi , Ding Mei‐Ping
Published: July 2020

Background

Accumulating data have suggested seizures occur frequently in patients with neuronal surface antibody‐mediated autoimmune encephalitis. We aimed to evaluate seizure outcomes and potential factors associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR), anti‐leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 (LGI1), and anti‐gamma‐aminobutyric‐acid B receptor (GABABR) encephalitis.

Methods

Patients with anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABABR encephalitis were prospectively recruited from 2014 to June 2019, with a median follow‐up period of 30.5 months (range 8–67 months). Seizure outcomes were assessed and risk factors of epilepsy were analyzed.

Results

A total of 119 patients with anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABABR encephalitis were included, and 83 (69.7%) of them developed new‐onset seizures. By the end of follow‐up, 17 (21.3%) of 80 patients had seizure relapses after intermittent seizure remission or exhibited uncontrolled seizure episodes, contributing to epilepsy. Immunotherapy delay and interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) were identified to be associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABABR encephalitis, particularly anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that immunotherapy delay was an independent predictor for epilepsy.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that immunotherapy delay and IEDs were associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABABR encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment were required, and particular consideration should be given to patients with these risk factors.
Long‐Term Safety and Tolerability of Apremilast Versus Placebo in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Pooled Safety Analysis of Three Phase III, Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Gladman Dafna D. , Gomez‐Reino Juan J. , Hall Stephen , Kavanaugh Arthur , Lespessailles Eric , Schett Georg , Paris Maria , Delev Nikolay , Teng Lichen , Wollenhaupt Jürgen
Published: July 2020

Objective

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) requires long‐term treatment, yet safety concerns and monitoring requirements make maintenance a challenge. This analysis of pooled Psoriatic Arthritis Long‐term Assessment of Clinical Efficacy (PALACE) 1, 2, and 3 data describes 3‐year apremilast safety and tolerability in PsA.

Methods

Patients with active PsA were randomized (1:1:1) to placebo, apremilast 30 mg twice daily, or apremilast 20 mg twice daily. Placebo patients were re‐randomized to apremilast 30 mg twice daily or 20 mg twice daily at week 16 (early escape) or 24. Double‐blind treatment continued to week 52; patients could continue apremilast during an open‐label, long‐term treatment phase.

Results

In total, 1493 patients received at least one dose of study medication and were included in the safety population (placebo: n = 495; apremilast 30 mg: n = 497; apremilast 20 mg: n = 501). Among patients receiving apremilast, 53.2% (767/1441) completed 3 years of treatment. Greater rates of adverse events (AEs) were reported with apremilast (61.1%; exposure‐adjusted incidence rate [EAIR]/100 patient‐years, 265.1) versus placebo (47.5%; EAIR/100 patient‐years, 200.7) in the placebo‐controlled period. During weeks 0 to ≤52, the most common AEs occurring in apremilast‐exposed patients were diarrhea (13.9%; EAIR/100 patient‐years, 18.6), nausea (12.3%; EAIR/100 patient‐years, 16.0), headache (9.4%; EAIR/100 patient‐years, 12.1), upper respiratory tract infection (9.1%; EAIR/100 patient‐years, 11.5), and nasopharyngitis (6.2%; EAIR/100 patient‐years, 7.7). Most AEs were mild/moderate with apremilast exposure ≤156 weeks. Rates of depression remained low (EAIR/100 patient‐years, 1.8). Major adverse cardiac events (EAIR/100 patient‐years, 0.5), malignancies (EAIR/100 patient‐years, 0.9), and serious opportunistic infections (EAIR/100 patient‐years, 0.0) were infrequent over the 3‐year exposure period. Discontinuation rates due to AEs were low (<7.5%) across all apremilast‐exposure periods. Incidences of clinically meaningful abnormalities in postbaseline laboratory values was low; most values returned to baseline levels with continued treatment and without intervention.

Conclusion

Apremilast demonstrated a favorable safety profile and was well tolerated up to 156 weeks.
3D‐Printed Wood‐Fiber Reinforced Architected Cellular Composites
Authors: Estakhrianhaghighi Ehsan , Mirabolghasemi Armin , Zhang Yingnan , Lessard Larry , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid
Published: July 2020

Enhancing thermomechanical properties of bio‐based polymers by the introduction of cellulose‐based compounds not only paves the way for developing sustainable materials but also opens new opportunities in low‐cost additive manufacturing. Herein, a novel accessible methodology is provided for integrating waste wood fibers, a versatile renewable resource of cellulose, into polylactic acid (PLA) polymers to produce sustainable wood‐fiber reinforced PLA (WF‐PLA) filaments and then to 3D print high‐performance architected cellular composites. The experimental results demonstrate increased stiffness (18%), ultimate strength (9%), fracture strain (15%), toughness (44%), thermal conductivity (23%), and reduced overall density (10%) for 3D‐printed composite dogbones made of optimum wood‐fiber contents, compared with the PLA counterpart. Following the growing interest in architected cellular solids, a rising class of advanced materials with superior multifunctional properties, WF‐PLA filaments are used to 3D print two quasi‐isotropic cellular materials, hexagonal and novel mixed square (“isomixed”) microarchitectures. The WF‐PLA isomixed cell exhibits considerably enhanced stiffness (91%) and ultimate strength (48%) compared with the PLA hexagonal honeycombs. The WF‐PLA architected composites offer a first‐of‐a‐kind strategy to additively manufacture sustainable advanced materials with enhanced thermomechanical properties out of low‐cost waste materials through an optimized material composition and the rational design of underlying microarchitectures.
Divergent Gold‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of 1‐Alkenyl‐2‐alkynylcyclopropanes: Enyne Transformation Controlled by a Silicon Moiety
Authors: González Jairo , Allegue Darío , Fernández Sergio , Rodríguez Miguel A. , Santamaría Javier , Ballesteros Alfredo
Published: July 2020

Here we report a gold(I)‐catalyzed rearrangement for a special type of alkynylcyclopropanes, such as (6‐ethynylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐2‐en‐6‐yl)silanes. These enynes evolved through an isomerization reaction towards the formation of isomeric alkynylcyclopropanes instead of the expected alkynylcyclohexadienes. A computational study on the reaction mechanism revealed the participation of a polycyclic gold(I) carbene complex as intermediate instead of a σ‐allylic gold cation which is in agreement with the expected influence in the energy of those intermediates due to the presence of the silyl group. Finally, this gold(I) carbene intermediate could be experimentally intercepted through intramolecular cyclopropanations.

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Photoelectrons Mediating Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy through Heterojunction Film for Noninvasive Disinfection
Authors: Li Yuan , Xu Xiaomo , Liu Xiangmei , Li Bo , Han Yong , Zheng Yufeng , Chen Da‐fu , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Liang Yanqin , Zhu Shengli , Wang Xianbao , Wu Shuilin
Published: July 2020

A light‐inspired hydroxyapatite (Hap)/nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NCDs) modified graphene oxide (GO) heterojunction film is developed, which shows a promoted separation of interfacial electrons and holes and an inhibited recombination efficiency via hole depletion. The metabolism of bacteria on this film is significantly inhibited under light irradiation, due to the enhanced photocatalytic and photothermal effects. In addition, the electron transfer from the plasmonic membrane to the GO/NCD/Hap film further inhibits the adenosine triphosphate process of bacteria, thus leading to the synergetic antibacterial efficacy. Meanwhile, the electron transfer between film and cell membrane induces the Ca2+ flow after irradiation, which can promote the migration and proliferation of cells and alkaline phosphatase enhancement, thus favoring the tissue reconstruction. An in vivo test discloses that the vascular injury repair is achieved through the Ca2+‐activated PLCγ1/ERK pathway, identified by the enhanced CD31 expression. Moreover, the increased CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes are ameliorative by activating the PI3K/P‐AKT pathway. Consequently, the electron transfer boosts the synergic photodynamic and photothermal therapeutic effects for bacterial infection by Ca2+ flow for immunotherapy. This mild phototherapy approach with GO/NCDs/Hap, which can simultaneously repair injured vessels and relieve inflammation reactions, will increase the clinical application of noninvasive phototherapy in the near future.
Polyethylene Terephthalate Deconstruction Catalyzed by a Carbon‐Supported Single‐Site Molybdenum‐Dioxo Complex
Authors: Kratish Yosi , Li Jiaqi , Liu Shanfu , Gao Yanshan , Marks Tobin J.
Published: July 2020

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is selectively depolymerized by a carbon‐supported single‐site molybdenum‐dioxo catalyst to terephthalic acid (PTA) and ethylene. The solventless reactions are most efficient under 1 atmosphere of H2. The catalyst exhibits high stability and can be recycled multiple times without loss of activity. Waste beverage bottle PET or a PET + polypropylene (PP) mixture (simulating the bottle + cap) proceeds at 260 °C with complete PET deconstruction and quantitative PTA isolation. Mechanistic studies with a model diester, 1,2‐ethanediol dibenzoate, suggest the reaction proceeds by initial retro‐hydroalkoxylation/β‐C−O scission and subsequent hydrogenolysis of the vinyl benzoate intermediate.
Reversible Insertion of Mg‐Cl Superhalides in Graphite as a Cathode for Aqueous Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Keun‐il , Guo Qiubo , Tang Longteng , Zhu Liangdong , Pan Changqing , Chang Chih‐hung , Razink Joshua , Lerner Michael M. , Fang Chong , Ji Xiulei
Published: July 2020

Oxidative anion insertion into graphite in an aqueous environment represents a significant challenge in the construction of aqueous dual‐ion batteries. In dilute aqueous electrolytes, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) dominates the anodic current before anions can be inserted into the graphite gallery. Herein, we report that the reversible insertion of Mg‐Cl superhalides in graphite delivers a record‐high reversible capacity of 150 mAh g−1 from an aqueous deep eutectic solvent comprising magnesium chloride and choline chloride. The insertion of Mg‐Cl superhalides in graphite does not form staged graphite intercalation compounds; instead, the insertion of Mg‐Cl superhalides makes the graphite partially turbostratic.
Ce(IV) immobilized on halloysite nanotube–functionalized dendrimer (Ce(IV)–G2): A novel and efficient dendritic catalyst for the synthesis of pyrido[3,2‐c]coumarin derivatives
Authors: Ataee‐Kachouei Tahereh , Nasr‐Esfahani Mahboobeh , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Mirkhani Valiollah , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Notash Behrouz
Published: July 2020

In this study, a new and stable Ce(IV) immobilized on halloysite nanotube–functionalized dendrimer was designed, synthesized, and characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy techniques. This catalyst was efficiently used for the one‐pot, single‐step multicomponent synthesis of pyrido[3,2‐c]coumarins from 4‐aminocoumarin, aldehydes, and aryl ketones. The efficiency and selectivity of this catalytic system were also evaluated for the synthesis of pyrido[3,2‐c]coumarins from terminal/internal alkynes instead of aryl ketones. In this respect, the regioselectivity of the products was successfully assigned by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. All these reactions were best performed under solvent‐free conditions in the presence of only 0.28 mol% of the catalyst, and such a one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of pyrido[3,2‐c]coumarins is reported for the first time. It is also worth noting that single‐step and short reaction path for the synthesis of a variety of pyrido[3,2‐c]coumarins along with excellent reusability of this dendritic catalyst makes this method economically and environmentally attractive.
Bactericidal effect of cationic hydrogels prepared from hydrophilic polymers
Authors: Shibata Yuki , Kurokawa Takayuki , Aizawa Tomoyasu , Gong Jian Ping
Published: July 2020

This study investigated whether hydrogels comprising hydrophilic cationic polymers have similar bactericidal effects. Bacteria were seeded on hydrogels and agar and their viability was assessed with time. Cationic hydrogels displayed bactericidal effects upon long‐term bacterial contact. Furthermore, we assessed the areal density of cationic monomer unit of the cationic hydrogels, water content, and the initial elastic modulus. We examined correlations between each factor and bacterial death ratios; consequently, the bacterial death ratios were strongly correlated with the areal density of cationic hydrogel monomers. Elastic energy (Wel) generated at the cytomembrane ion‐binding region and the cationic hydrogel and the cytomembrane interfacial energy (Wf) were estimated; consequently, Wel exceeded Wf at higher contact areas. The cationic hydrogel may extract cytomembranes with a reasonable adsorption area. Therefore, cationic hydrogels may be used as probes for ultrasonic echo to sterilize medical equipment.
Improvement of the oxidation resistance of silicon‐containing arylacetylene resins upon the introduction of carbazoles
Authors: Wan Ling , Guo Kangkang , Zhu Junli , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Deng Shifeng , Qi Huimin
Published: July 2020

Silicon‐containing arylacetylene resins (PSAs) can be used in high temperature environment due to their excellent thermal stability. However, their high temperature oxidation is still bottle‐neck for further application. Herein, Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) was utilized to identify a target monomer, 3,6‐diethynylcarbazole (DEC), to design new PSAs with enhanced antioxidant properties and heat resistance. After incorporation of DEC, the thermal curing behavior observed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that obtained silicon‐containing carbazolylacetylene resins (PSA‐VBC) can exhibit hydroamination reaction to decrease the initial curing temperature. And the temperature at 5% weight loss (Td5) occurred in cured copolymers ranged from 665°C to 691°C, which showed excellent heat resistance. Moreover, the oxidation behavior of cured resins was investigated by thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Upon the incorporation of DEC, the thermal oxidation decomposition temperature of PSA‐VBC were 100°C higher than those observed for PSAs, which also proved by XPS analysis results that the oxygen content of PSA‐VBC solidified oxide was lower than that of PSAs. In addition, the surface morphology of cured PSA‐VBC resins still maintained integrity after oxidation at 400°C for 2 hr, which showed excellent oxidation resistance.
Dependence of microstructure and properties of polypropylene/bromo‐isobutylene‐isoprene rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates on the molding process
Authors: Pan Xiaolong , Wang Zhaozhao , Chen Long , Li Wenhao , Hu Jian , Hu Jie , Wu Xiao , Zhang Jianming , Duan Yongxin
Published: July 2020

To explore the dependence of the microstructure and properties of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) on the molding process. The polypropylene/bromo‐isobutylene‐isoprene rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates (PP/BIIR‐TPVs) are molded by high rate shear injection and compression molding, and the phase morphology and physical‐mechanical properties of PP/BIIR‐TPVs specimens are investigated. Detailed small‐angle X‐ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy investigations demonstrate that the high rate shear of injection molding not only decreases the size of BIIR particles but also induces the orientation of the PP matrix and further increases its crystallinity. Subsequently, the PP/BIIR‐TPVs molded by injection molding have higher tensile strength and Young's modulus, while the compression molding benefits to higher elongation at break. The mechanism regarding the effects of high rate shear during injection molding on phase morphology development of PP/BIIR‐TPVs is discussed. This study guides the preparation of TPVs products with desired properties.
Near infrared light‐induced disassembly of polymeric micelles based on methylene blue conjugated polyethylene glycol
Authors: Dao Huy Minh , Pillai Amit Raviraj , Thakkar Rishi , Parajuli Sanjiv , Urena‐Benavides Esteban , Jo Seongbong
Published: July 2020

Light‐sensitive drug delivery systems are considered ideal for applications in the biomedical fields for their ability to release the payload in an on‐demand spatiotemporal controlled manner through the manipulation of the light source. Among the broad radiation spectrum, near infrared (NIR) light is considered advantageous compared to UV and visible light, due to its inherently lower photodamage to normal tissues and deeper penetration to lesion areas. In this study, we report a successful synthesis of a polymer capable of undergoing partial degradation upon irradiation with NIR light by conjugating 10‐N‐carbamoyl linkage methylene blue (MB) moiety, a NIR photocleavable ligand, with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Through effective coupling of MB, a hydrophobic moiety, to the hydrophilic PEG molecule, an amphiphilic polymer was synthesized, as demonstrated by a lowered surface tension (55 mN/m at 0.1% wt/vol). Subsequently, photo‐induced reversal of surface activity associated with self‐assembled structure disruption, was displayed by surface tension measurements, size distribution analysis, and burst release profile of paclitaxel (PTX) from polymeric micelles upon the exposure to NIR irradiation.