bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics Changes in Meat and Subcutaneous Fat of Male Cattle Submitted to Fetal Programming
Authors: Fernandes Arícia Christofaro , Polizel Guilherme Henrique Gebim , Cracco Roberta Cavalcante , Cançado Fernando Augusto Correia Queiroz , Baldin Geovana Camila , Poleti Mirele Daiana , Ferraz José Bento Sterman , Santana Miguel Henrique de Almeida
Published: December 2023

This study investigated changes in meat and subcutaneous fat metabolomes and possible metabolic pathways related to prenatal nutrition in beef cattle. For this purpose, 18 Nellore bulls were used for meat sampling and 15 for fat sampling. The nutritional treatments during the gestation were: NP—not programmed or control, without protein-energy supplementation; PP—partially programmed, with protein-energy supplementation (0.3% of body weight (BW)) only in the final third of pregnancy; and FP—full programming, with protein-energy supplementation (0.3% of BW) during the entire pregnancy. The meat and fat samples were collected individually 24 h after slaughter, and the metabolites were extracted using a combination of chemical reagents and mechanical processes and subsequently quantified using liquid chromatography or flow injection coupled to mass spectrometry. The data obtained were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and functional enrichment analysis, with a significance level of 5%. The PCA showed an overlap between the treatments for both meat and fat. In meat, 25 metabolites were statistically different between treatments (p ≤ 0.05), belonging to four classes (glycerophospholipids, amino acids, sphingolipids, and biogenic amine). In fat, 10 significant metabolites (p ≤ 0.05) were obtained in two classes (phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine). The functional enrichment analysis showed alterations in the aminoacyl-tRNA pathway in meat (p = 0.030); however, there was no pathway enriched for fat. Fetal programming influenced the meat and fat metabolomes and the aminoacyl-tRNA metabolic pathway, which is an important candidate for the biological process linked to meat quality and related to fetal programming in beef cattle.
Diagnostics of Thyroid Cancer Using Machine Learning and Metabolomics
Authors: Kuang Alyssa , Kouznetsova Valentina L. , Kesari Santosh , Tsigelny Igor F.
Published: December 2023

The objective of this research is, with the analysis of existing data of thyroid cancer (TC) metabolites, to develop a machine-learning model that can diagnose TC using metabolite biomarkers. Through data mining, pathway analysis, and machine learning (ML), the model was developed. We identified seven metabolic pathways related to TC: Pyrimidine metabolism, Tyrosine metabolism, Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, Arginine biosynthesis, Phenylalanine metabolism, and Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. The ML classifications’ accuracies were confirmed through 10-fold cross validation, and the most accurate classification was 87.30%. The metabolic pathways identified in relation to TC and the changes within such pathways can contribute to more pattern recognition for diagnostics of TC patients and assistance with TC screening. With independent testing, the model’s accuracy for other unique TC metabolites was 92.31%. The results also point to a possibility for the development of using ML methods for TC diagnostics and further applications of ML in general cancer-related metabolite analysis.
Freshwater Sponges as a Neglected Reservoir of Bacterial Biodiversity
Authors: Lo Giudice Angelina , Rizzo Carmen
Published: December 2023

Freshwater sponges (Spongillida: Demospongiae), including more than 240 described species, are globally distributed in continental waters (except for Antarctica), where they cover both natural and artificial surfaces. However, fragmentary studies have targeted their microbiome, making it difficult to test hypotheses about sponge-microbe specificity and metabolic relationships, along with the environmental factors playing key roles in structuring the associated microbial communities. To date, particular attention has been paid to sponges (family Lubomirskiidae) that are endemic to Lake Baikal. Few other freshwater sponge species (e.g., Ephydatia spp., Eunapius spp., and Spongilla lacustris), from lakes and rivers spanning from Europe to South and North America, have been targeted for microbiological studies. Representatives of the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria largely predominated, and high differences were reported between the microbiome of freshwater and marine sponges. Several bacterial strains isolated from freshwater sponges can produce bioactive compounds, mainly showing antibiotic activities, with potential application in biotechnology. Understanding the roles played by sponge microbiomes in freshwater ecosystems is still in its infancy and has yet to be clarified to disentangle the ecological and evolutionary significance of these largely under-investigated microbial communities. This review was aimed at providing the main available information on the composition and biotechnological potential of prokaryotic communities associated with healthy freshwater sponges, as a neglected component of the global sponge microbiome, to stimulate researchers interested in the field.
Maximizing Mining Operations: Unlocking the Crucial Role of Intelligent Fleet Management Systems in Surface Mining’s Value Chain
Authors: Hazrathosseini Arman , Moradi Afrapoli Ali
Published: December 2023

On the one side, the operational expenses of mining enterprises are showing an upward trend; and on the other side, conventional mining fleet management systems (FMSs) are falling short in addressing the high-dimensionality, stochasticity, and autonomy needed in increasingly complex operations. These major drivers for change have convinced researchers to search for alternatives including artificial-intelligence-enabled algorithms recommended by Mining 4.0. The present study endeavors to scrutinize this transition from a business management point of view. In other words, a literature review is carried out to gain insight into the evolutionary trajectory of mining FMSs and the need for intelligent algorithms. Afterward, a holistic supply chain layout and then a detailed value chain diagram are depicted to meticulously inspect the effect of technological advancements on FMSs and subsequently the profit margin. The proposed value-chain diagram is advantageous in explaining the economic justification of such intelligent systems, illustratively, for shareholders in the industry. Moreover, it will show new research directions for mining scholars.
Preparation of Dye Semiconductors via Coupling Polymerization Catalyzed by Two Catalysts and Application to Transistor
Authors: Ren Shiwei , Zhang Wenqing , Wang Zhuoer , Yassar Abderrahim , Chen Jinyang , Zeng Minfeng , Yi Zhengran
Published: December 2023

Organic dye semiconductors have received increasing attention as the next generation of semiconductors, and one of their potential applications is as a core component of organic transistors. In this study, two novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dye core-based materials were designed and separately prepared using Stille coupling reactions under different palladium catalyst conditions. The molecular weights and elemental compositions were tested to demonstrate that both catalysts could be used to successfully prepare materials of this structure, with the main differences being the weight-average molecular weight and the dispersion index. PDPP-2Py-2Tz I with a longer conjugation length exhibited better thermodynamic stability than the counterpart polymer PDPP-2Py-2Tz II. The intrinsic optical properties of the polymers were relatively similar, while the electrochemical tests showed small differences in their energy levels. The polymers obtained with different catalysts displayed similar and moderate electron mobility in transistor devices, while PDPP-2Py-2Tz I possessed a higher switching ratio. Our study provides a comparison of such dye materials under different catalytic conditions and also demonstrates the great potential of dye materials for optoelectronic applications.
Antileishmanial Effect of 1,5- and 1,8-Substituted Fused Naphthyridines
Authors: Melcón-Fernandez Estela , Martín-Encinas Endika , Palacios Francisco , Galli Gulio , Reguera Rosa M. , Martínez-Valladares María , Balaña-Fouce Rafael , Alonso Concepción , Pérez-Pertejo Yolanda
Published: December 2023

In the absence of a vaccine, there is a need to find new drugs for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases, such as leishmaniasis, that can overcome the many drawbacks of those currently used. These disadvantages include cost, the need to maintain a cold chain, the route of administration, the associated adverse effects and the generation of resistance. In this work we have evaluated the antileishmanial effect of 1,5- and 1,8-substituted fused naphthyridines through in vitro and ex vivo assays, using genetically modified axenic and intramacrophagic Leishmania infantum amastigotes. The toxicity of these compounds has been tested in the mammalian host cell using murine splenic macrophages, as well as in murine intestinal organoids (miniguts) in order to assess their potential for oral administration. The 1,8- derivatives showed greater leishmanicidal activity and the presence of a nitrogen atom in the fused ring to the naphthyridine was important to increase the activity of both types of molecules. The aromatization of the pyridine ring also had marked differences in the activity of the compounds.
Search for Osme Bonds with π Systems as Electron Donors
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Qingzhong , Scheiner Steve
Published: December 2023

The Osme bond is defined as pairing a Group 8 metal atom as an electron acceptor in a noncovalent interaction with a nucleophile. DFT calculations with the ωB97XD functional consider MO4 (M = Ru, Os) as the Lewis acid, paired with a series of π electron donors C2H2, C2H4, C6H6, C4H5N, C4H4O, and C4H4S. The calculations establish interaction energies in the range between 9.5 and 26.4 kJ/mol. Os engages in stronger interactions than does Ru, and those involving more extensive π-systems within the aromatic rings form stronger bonds than do the smaller ethylene and acetylene. Extensive analysis questions the existence of a true Osme bond, as the bonding chiefly involves interactions with the three O atoms of MO4 that lie closest to the π-system, via π(C-C)→σ*(M-O) transfers. These interactions are supplemented by back donation from M-O bonds to the π*(CC) antibonding orbitals of the π-systems. Dispersion makes a large contribution to these interactions, higher than electrostatics and much greater than induction.
Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of N-(alkoxy)-Diphenyl Ether Carboxamide Derivates as Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
Authors: He Bo , Hu Yanhao , Chen Wang , He Xu , Zhang Enpei , Hu Mengxu , Zhang Pu , Yan Wei , Ye Yonghao
Published: December 2023

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.3.5.1) is one of the most promising targets for fungicide development and has attracted great attention worldwide. However, existing commercial fungicides targeting SDH have led to the increasingly prominent problem of pathogen resistance, so it is necessary to develop new fungicides. Herein, we used a structure-based molecular design strategy to design and synthesize a series of novel SDHI fungicides containing an N-(alkoxy)diphenyl ether carboxamide skeleton. The mycelial growth inhibition experiment showed that compound M15 exhibited a very good control effect against four plant pathogens, with inhibition rates of more than 60% at a dose of 50 μg/mL. A structure–activity relationship study found that N-O-benzyl-substituted derivatives showed better antifungal activity than others, especially the introduction of a halogen on the benzyl. Furthermore, the molecular docking results suggested that π–π interactions with Trp35 and hydrogen bonds with Tyr33 and Trp173 were crucial interaction sites when inhibitors bound to SDH. Morphological observation of mycelium revealed that M15 could inhibit the growth of mycelia. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro tests showed that M15 not only inhibited the enzyme activity of SDH but also effectively protected rice from damage due to R. solani infection, with a result close to that of the control at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. Thus, the N-(alkoxy)diphenyl ether carboxamide skeleton is a new starting point for the discovery of new SDH inhibitors and is worthy of further investigation.
Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Anabolic Andro-Genic Steroids in Livestock and Poultry Meat Using One-Step Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Wang Liqun , Yan Yonghong , Wang Yan , Lv Qingqin , Teng Shuang , Wang Wei
Published: December 2023

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are usually illegally added to animal feed because they can significantly promote animal growth and increase carcasses’ leanness, which threatens the safety of animal-derived foods and indirectly hazards human health. This study aimed to establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for the simultaneous detection of twelve AAS residues in livestock and poultry meat. The homogenized samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid (v/v) and purified using the one-step extraction column. After concentration using nitrogen, the residues were redissolved in acetonitrile and then quantified with an external standard method using UHPLC–MS/MS. The results showed that the above-mentioned method had a satisfactory linear correlation (R2 ≥ 0.9903) with a concentration range of 1–100 μg/L, and the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were 0.03–0.33 μg/kg and 0.09–0.90 μg/kg, respectively. With the intraday and interday precision less than 15%, the average recoveries of pork, beef, lamb, and chicken, at different spiked levels, ranged from 68.3 to 93.3%, 68.0 to 99.4%, 71.6 to 109.8%, and 70.5 to 97.7%, respectively. Overall, the established method is validated, precise, and capable of the high-throughput determination of the residues of twelve AASs in livestock and poultry meat.
Effects of Dielectric Barrier on Water Activation and Phosphorus Compound Digestion in Gas–Liquid Discharges
Authors: Lee Ye Rin , Kim Do Yeob , Kim Jae Young , Lee Da Hye , Bae Gyu Tae , Jang Hyojun , Park Joo Young , Jung Sunghoon , Jung Eun Young , Park Choon-Sang , Lee Hyung-Kun , Tae Heung-Sik
Published: December 2023

To generate a stable and effective air–liquid discharge in an open atmosphere, we investigated the effect of the dielectric barrier on the discharge between the pin electrode and liquid surface in an atmospheric-pressure plasma reactor. The atmospheric-pressure plasma reactor used in this study was based on a pin–plate discharge structure, and a metal wire was used as a pin-type power electrode. A plate-type ground electrode was placed above and below the vessel to compare the pin–liquid discharge and pin–liquid barrier discharge (PLBD). The results indicated that the PLBD configuration utilizing the bottom of the vessel as a dielectric barrier outperformed the pin–liquid setup in terms of the discharge stability and that the concentration of reactive species was different in the two plasma modes. PLBD can be used as a digestion technique for determining the phosphorus concentration in natural water sources. The method for decomposing phosphorus compounds by employing PLBD exhibited excellent decomposition performance, similar to the performance of thermochemical digestion—an established conventional method for phosphorus detection in water. The PLBD structure can replace the conventional chemical-agent-based digestion method for determining the total dissolved phosphorus concentration using the ascorbic acid reduction method.
Age-Dependent Effect of Calcitriol on Mouse Regulatory T and B Lymphocytes
Authors: Śnieżewska Agata , Anisiewicz Artur , Gdesz-Birula Katarzyna , Wietrzyk Joanna , Filip-Psurska Beata
Published: December 2023

The hormonally active vitamin D3 metabolite, calcitriol, functions as an important modulator of the immune system. We assumed that calcitriol exerts different effects on immune cells and cytokine production, depending on the age of the animal; therefore, we analyzed its effects on regulatory T lymphocytes and regulatory B lymphocytes in healthy young and old female C57Bl/6/Foxp3GFP mice. In the lymph nodes of young mice, calcitriol decreased the percentage of Tregs, including tTregs and pTregs, and the expression of GITR, CD103, and CD101; however, calcitriol increased the level of IL-35 in adipose tissue. In the case of aged mice, calcitriol decreased the percentages of tTregs and CD19+ cells in lymph nodes and the level of osteopontin in the plasma. Additionally, increases in the levels of IgG and the lowest levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-35 were observed in the adipose tissue of aged mice. This study showed that calcitriol treatment had different effects, mainly on Treg phenotypes and cytokine secretion, in young and old female mice; it seemed that calcitriol enhanced the immunosuppressive properties of the lymphatic organs and adipose tissue of healthy young mice but not of healthy aged mice, where the opposite effects were observed.
Antibody and Cell-Based Therapies against Virus-Induced Cancers in the Context of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Joseph Julie , Sandel Grace , Kulkarni Ratuja , Alatrash Reem , Herrera Bobby Brooke , Jain Pooja
Published: December 2023

Infectious agents, notably viruses, can cause or increase the risk of cancer occurrences. These agents often disrupt normal cellular functions, promote uncontrolled proliferation and growth, and trigger chronic inflammation, leading to cancer. Approximately 20% of all cancer cases in humans are associated with an infectious pathogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recognizes seven viruses as direct oncogenic agents, including Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Most viruses linked to increased cancer risk are typically transmitted through contact with contaminated body fluids and high-risk behaviors. The risk of infection can be reduced through vaccinations and routine testing, as well as recognizing and addressing risky behaviors and staying informed about public health concerns. Numerous strategies are currently in pre-clinical phases or undergoing clinical trials for targeting cancers driven by viral infections. Herein, we provide an overview of risk factors associated with increased cancer incidence in people living with HIV (PLWH) as well as other chronic viral infections, and contributing factors such as aging, toxicity from ART, coinfections, and comorbidities. Furthermore, we highlight both antibody- and cell-based strategies directed against virus-induced cancers while also emphasizing approaches aimed at discovering cures or achieving complete remission for affected individuals.
Computer-Aided Drug Design and Drug Discovery: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Niazi Sarfaraz K. , Mariam Zamara
Published: December 2023

In the dynamic landscape of drug discovery, Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) emerges as a transformative force, bridging the realms of biology and technology. This paper overviews CADDs historical evolution, categorization into structure-based and ligand-based approaches, and its crucial role in rationalizing and expediting drug discovery. As CADD advances, incorporating diverse biological data and ensuring data privacy become paramount. Challenges persist, demanding the optimization of algorithms and robust ethical frameworks. Integrating Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence amplifies CADDs predictive capabilities, yet ethical considerations and scalability challenges linger. Collaborative efforts and global initiatives, exemplified by platforms like Open-Source Malaria, underscore the democratization of drug discovery. The convergence of CADD with personalized medicine offers tailored therapeutic solutions, though ethical dilemmas and accessibility concerns must be navigated. Emerging technologies like quantum computing, immersive technologies, and green chemistry promise to redefine the future of CADD. The trajectory of CADD, marked by rapid advancements, anticipates challenges in ensuring accuracy, addressing biases in AI, and incorporating sustainability metrics. This paper concludes by highlighting the need for proactive measures in navigating the ethical, technological, and educational frontiers of CADD to shape a healthier, brighter future in drug discovery.
Cellular-Membrane-Derived Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: An Xiaoyu , Zeng Yun , Liu Chao , Liu Gang
Published: December 2023

The medical community is constantly searching for new and innovative ways to treat cancer, and cellular-membrane-derived artificial vesicles are emerging as a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy. These vesicles, which are derived from mammal and bacteria cell membranes, offer a range of benefits, including compatibility with living organisms, minimal immune response, and prolonged circulation. By modifying their surface, manipulating their genes, combining them with other substances, stimulating them externally, and even enclosing drugs within them, cellular vesicles have the potential to be a powerful tool in fighting cancer. The ability to merge drugs with diverse compositions and functionalities in a localized area is particularly exciting, as it offers a way to combine different immunotherapy treatments for maximum impact. This review contains information on the various sources of these vesicles and discusses some recent developments in cancer immunotherapy using this promising technology. While there are still obstacles to overcome, the possibilities for cellular vesicles in cancer treatment are truly exciting.
Anticancer, Immunomodulatory, and Phytochemical Screening of Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb Growing in the North of Iraq
Authors: Baban Media Mohammad , Ahmad Saman A. , Abu-Odeh Ala’ M. , Baban Mustafa , Talib Wamidh H.
Published: December 2023

Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb is a promising repository of active phytochemicals. These bioactive compounds work synergistically to promote the plant’s antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory capabilities. The present study aimed to discover the potential immunomodulatory and cytotoxicity of different extracts of Carthamus oxycantha roots. Aqueous ethanol (70%), aqueous methanol (90%), ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were tested against five cell lines (T47D, MDA-MB231, Caco-2, EMT6/P, and Vero). Among these extracts, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts showed significant activity in inhibiting the proliferation of cancerous cells because of the presence of several phytochemical compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. The n-hexane extract was the most potent extract against T47D and Caco-2 cell lines and had IC50 values of 0.067 mg/mL and 0.067 mg/mL, respectively. In comparison, ethyl acetate extract was active against T47D and MDAMB231, and IC50 values were 0.0179 mg/mL and 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Both n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts reduced tumor size (by 49.981% and 51.028%, respectively). Remarkably, Carthamus oxyacantha extracts decreased the average weight of the tumor cells in the in vivo model. The plant induced significant apoptotic activity by the activation of caspase-3, immunomodulation of macrophages, and triggering of pinocytosis. The implications of these intriguing findings demand additional research to broaden the scope of the understanding of this field, opening the doors to the possibilities of using Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb as an effective cancer treatment adjuvant in the future.
Ion Changes and Signaling under Salt Stress in Wheat and Other Important Crops
Authors: Lindberg Sylvia , Premkumar Albert
Published: December 2023

High concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), and sulphate (SO42−) are frequently found in saline soils. Crop plants cannot successfully develop and produce because salt stress impairs the uptake of Ca2+, potassium (K+), and water into plant cells. Different intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations change with salinity, including those of Ca2+, K+, and protons. These cations serve as stress signaling molecules in addition to being essential for ionic homeostasis and nutrition. Maintaining an appropriate K+:Na+ ratio is one crucial plant mechanism for salt tolerance, which is a complicated trait. Another important mechanism is the ability for fast extrusion of Na+ from the cytosol. Ca2+ is established as a ubiquitous secondary messenger, which transmits various stress signals into metabolic alterations that cause adaptive responses. When plants are under stress, the cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration can rise to 10 times or more from its resting level of 50–100 nanomolar. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are linked to the Ca2+ alterations and are produced by stress. Depending on the type, frequency, and intensity of the stress, the cytosolic Ca2+ signals oscillate, are transient, or persist for a longer period and exhibit specific “signatures”. Both the influx and efflux of Ca2+ affect the length and amplitude of the signal. According to several reports, under stress Ca2+ alterations can occur not only in the cytoplasm of the cell but also in the cell walls, nucleus, and other cell organelles and the Ca2+ waves propagate through the whole plant. Here, we will focus on how wheat and other important crops absorb Na+, K+, and Cl− when plants are under salt stress, as well as how Ca2+, K+, and pH cause intracellular signaling and homeostasis. Similar mechanisms in the model plant Arabidopsis will also be considered. Knowledge of these processes is important for understanding how plants react to salinity stress and for the development of tolerant crops.
Aza-Michael Additions of Benzylamine to Acrylates Promoted by Microwaves and Conventional Heating Using DBU as Catalyst via Solvent-Free Protocol
Authors: Chavelas-Hernández Leticia , Hernández-Vázquez Luis G. , Bahena-Martínez José D. , Arroyo-Colín Alexa B. , Flores-Osorio Sinuhe G. , Navarrete-Vázquez Gabriel , Escalante Jaime
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the use of solvent-free reactions represents a challenge for organic chemists, since it would help to optimize methodologies and contribute to the development of sustainable chemistry. In this regard, our research group has intensified efforts in the search for reactions that can be carried out in the absence of a solvent. In this paper, we present a protocol for the aza-Michael addition of benzylamine to α,β-unsaturated esters to prepare N-benzylated β-amino esters in the presence of catalytic amounts of DBU (0.2 eq) via solvent-free reaction. Depending on the α,β-unsaturated esters, we observed a reduction in reaction times, with good to excellent yields for aza-Michael addition.
Power Generation Prediction for Photovoltaic System of Hose-Drawn Traveler Based on Machine Learning Models
Authors: Li Dan , Zhu Delan , Tao Tao , Qu Jiwei
Published: December 2023

A photovoltaic (PV)-powered electric motor is used for hose-drawn traveler driving instead of a water turbine to achieve high transmission efficiency. PV power generation (PVPG) is affected by different meteorological conditions, resulting in different power generation of PV panels for a hose-drawn traveler. In the above situation, the hose-drawn traveler may experience deficit power generation. The reasonable determination of the PV panel capacity is crucial. Predicting the PVPG is a prerequisite for the reasonable determination of the PV panel capacity. Therefore, it is essential to develop a method for accurately predicting PVPG. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is currently an outstanding machine learning model for prediction performance, but its hyperparameters are difficult to set. Thus, the XGBoost model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO-XGBoost) is applied for PV power prediction in this study. The PSO algorithm is introduced to optimize hyperparameters in XGBoost model. The meteorological data are segmented into four seasons to develop tailored prediction models, ensuring accurate prediction of PVPG in four seasons for hose-drawn travelers. The input variables of the models include solar irradiance, time, and ambient temperature. The prediction accuracy and stability of the model is then assessed statistically. The predictive accuracy and stability of PV power prediction by the PSO-XGBoost model are higher compared to the XGBoost model. Finally, application of the PSO-XGBoost model is implemented based on meteorological data.
Estimation and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surface Evaporation in the Yangtze River Basin from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Chen Zeqiang , Liu Dongyang , Wan Ke , Huang Wenzhe , Chen Nengcheng
Published: December 2023

Evaporation is a critical process involved in energy and water balance at the Earth’s surface and bears significant implications for water resource management, agricultural irrigation, and drought monitoring, among others. In this study, we focused on establishing a 1 km daily surface evaporation estimation for the Yangtze River Basin from 2010 to 2019 by using a machine learning method, and then analyzed its spatiotemporal patterns. The findings showed spatial heterogeneity in the Yangtze River Basin, indicating higher evaporation rates in the southwestern and southeastern regions in contrast to the western and northern areas. Additionally, the basin exhibited a strong spatial autocorrelation, indicating the influence of one spatial unit on the others. Furthermore, most regions in the basin displayed non-significant changes in surface evaporation, with some areas in the upper reaches exhibiting significant increases and a few regions near the source of the Yangtze River experiencing significant decreases. This study contributes to a better understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of evaporation in the Yangtze River Basin, providing valuable insights for water resource management, environmental studies, and hydrological modeling in the region.
Surface Characterization and Bulk Property Analysis of Aluminum Powders Treated with Hydrophobic Coatings: Stearic Acid and Phenyl-Phosphonic Acid
Authors: Ludwig Bellamarie
Published: December 2023

Stearic and phenyl-phosphonic acids were applied to fine aluminum particles to understand their effect on the surface chemical composition and bulk properties of the surface-treated powders. During the solution phase deposition process, the surface composition changes chemically through a condensation reaction between the acid and particle surface hydroxyl groups, forming covalent chemical bonds. The retention of both types of acids was verified through characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presence of stearic acid on the particle surface was observed through signature absorbance peaks, including interfacial C-O bonding modes, carboxylate, and carbonyl moieties, all present on both the treated powder. Spectra using XPS showed an increase in -CH relative intensity signal on the particle surface when compared to the raw material when considering the the carbon 2p photoelectron peak. Similar findings confirmed the presence of the phenyl-phosphonic acid when comparing to the raw material. The IR spectrum confirmed the presence of P-O-Al, P-O, and phosponates as a result of the surface bonding between the reagent and particles. XPS always provided evidence through the presence of phosphorous 2p and 2s photoelecton peaks at 191.3 and 133.4 eV, respectively. The bulk properties of both surface treated powders improved, as shown through improved apparent/tap density and a decreased Hausner Ratio (Group C to Group A behavior). Rheological characterization provided additional evidence by showing a reduced specific energy, flow rate index, and cohesion. The particle packing was improved as evidenced through reduced compressibility as a function of applied normal stress.
Binge-like Alcohol Administration Alters Decision Making in an Adolescent Rat Model: Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Signaling
Authors: Arce Camila , Mira Rodrigo G. , Lira Matías , Cerpa Waldo
Published: December 2023

Alcohol is one of the most used legal drugs abused worldwide, and its consumption is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. There is an increasing concern about the starting age of consumption of this drug since it has become evident that it is at younger ages. The so-called “pattern of consumption by binge” corresponds to ingesting large amounts of alcohol in a short period and is the most popular among young people. Previous studies show that alcohol causes damage in different areas, such as the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex, and adolescents are more susceptible to alcohol toxicity. Alcohol inhibits the membrane glutamate receptor, NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR). Using a binge-like alcohol administration protocol in adolescent rats (PND25), we investigate decision making through the attentional set-shifting test (ASST) and alterations in the NMDAR signaling in related areas. We observe an impairment in executive function without alterations in NMDAR abundance. However, binge alcohol changes NMDAR signaling and decreases quantity in the synapse, mainly in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. We suggest that prefrontal cortex impairment could arise from damaged connections with the hippocampus and hypothalamus, affecting the survival pathway and memory and learning process.
Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network Approaches for Recognizing Collaborative Actions in Human–Robot Assembly Tasks
Authors: Gao Zenggui , Yang Ruining , Zhao Kai , Yu Wenhua , Liu Zheng , Liu Lilan
Published: December 2023

In the context of sustainable manufacturing, efficient collaboration between humans and machines is crucial for improving assembly quality and efficiency. However, traditional methods for action recognition and human–robot collaborative assembly often face challenges such as low efficiency, low accuracy, and poor robustness. To solve such problems, this paper proposes an assembly action-recognition method based on a hybrid convolutional neural network. Firstly, an assembly action-recognition model is proposed using skeletal sequences and a hybrid convolutional neural network model combining Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (ST-GCNs) and One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (1DCNNs) to sense and recognize human behavior actions during the assembly process. This model combines the joint spatial relationship and temporal information extraction ability of the ST-GCN model with the temporal feature extraction ability of the 1DCNN model. By incorporating Batch Normalization (BN) layers and Dropout layers, the generalization performance of the model is enhanced. Secondly, the model is validated on a self-constructed dataset of assembly actions, and the results show that the recognition accuracy of the model can reach 91.7%, demonstrating its superiority. Finally, a digital workshop application system based on digital twins is developed. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, three sets of control experiments were designed to evaluate both objective and subjective aspects and verify the feasibility of the method presented in this paper. Compared with traditional assembly systems, the proposed method optimizes the recognition of human–robot collaborative assembly actions and applies them to intelligent control systems using digital-twin technology. This intelligent assembly method improves assembly efficiency and saves assembly time. It enables efficient and sustainable collaboration between humans and robots in assembly, leading to a positive and sustainable impact on the manufacturing industry.
Legal Tools for Blue-Green Infrastructure Planning—Based on the Example of Poznań (Poland)
Authors: Antoszewski Patryk , Świerk Dariusz , Krzyżaniak Michał , Choryński Adam
Published: December 2023

In Polish law, no mechanisms exist to maximize the application and protection of blue and green infrastructure (BGI) in urban areas. A comprehensive legal framework does not entirely govern urban BGI facilities. Urban planning lacks an appropriate indicator, first and foremost. This study aimed to analyze the Polish legal criteria for the viability of designing and implementing BGI facilities. The authors also researched ways to aid legislators in growing and maintaining BGI in urban areas. In Poznań, a case study was carried out on applying the greenery planning and design law. Local spatial development plans (MPZP) are now the only legal tools in Poland that allow for the protection and establishment of BGI. According to data from Statistics Poland for 2021, the proportion of the country’s total area covered by existing local plans (based on current law) is around 20.51%. When the MPZP does not cover a portion of a municipality, administrative decisions are made by issuing development conditions (WZ) for the plot. WZ may become a tool for environmental damage under investment pressure. Ideas put forward by the authors are: (1) creating urban nature reserves (as one method of land use); (2) evaluating BGI as an integral part of eco-physiographic studies and spatial planning; and (3) creating a new urban indicator with more complex parameters.
An Evaluation and Prioritization Framework for Pilot First- and Last-Mile Ridesharing Services
Authors: Mitropoulos Lambros , Kortsari Annie , Fotiou Aikaterini Maria , Ayfantopoulou Georgia , Golightly David
Published: December 2023

Ridesharing is part of the innovative shared transport regime which aims to maximize the utilization of mobility resources. Gaining knowledge of ridesharing’s impacts and how to assess them can significantly improve such services and thus contribute to their adoption among broader groups of travelers and to travel behavior change. This paper presents the framework deployed for assessing the impacts of a first-/last-mile ridesharing pilot in Athens, Greece, and capturing stakeholders’ (i.e., a researcher organization, a public authority and an infrastructure provider) point of view about planning objectives. Four impact areas are defined in total, and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are used. In parallel, in order to understand the stakeholder priorities when designing ridesharing services, the Analytical Hierarchical Process is implemented to estimate weights for each impact area. Increasing rail ridership is considered the top priority for all stakeholders during the planning phase for a first-/last-mile ridesharing service, which may have various implications for future initiatives. In total, 28 participants used the ridesharing service as drivers and passengers during the demonstration period. Results show that although a ridesharing service is expected to be an asset in daily transport for city travelers, the technological constraints currently burden its usage. However, as supported by demo results and travelers’ experience, there is great potential of ridesharing to contribute to a sustainable transport system and serve as a first- and last-mile solution to public transport.
Persistent Organic Pollutants and Suspended Particulate Matter in Snow of Eastern Siberia in 2009–2023: Temporal Trends and Effects of Meteorological Factors and Recultivation Activities at Former Industrial Area
Authors: Mamontova Elena A. , Mamontov Alexander A.
Published: December 2023

Suspended particulate matter (SPM), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) were studied in the snow cover at urban and suburban localities in the Irkutsk region, Eastern Siberia for their temporal variations in 2009–2023, daily deposition fluxes (DDFs), and effects of some meteorological factors, as well as the effects of different technogenic activities in the industrial area of the former organochlorine enterprises of Usol’ekhimprom. SPM loads at both stations were found to be at a low level of pollution. The levels of HCB, α + γ-HCH, and ∑p,p′-DDX were lower than Russian maximum permissible levels (MPLs) in drinking water, groundwater, and surface water for household drinking and cultural purposes. The sums of all organochlorine compounds studied in snow were higher than the MPL in freshwater water bodies for fishery purposes. The levels of the DDFs of HCHs, DDTs, and heptachlorinated PCB decreased, di- and trichlorinated PCB levels increased, and HCB levels changed at a polynomial line during 2009–2023. The change in the relative composition of PCBs was found as a result of recultivation activities at the industrial area of the former organochlorine enterprise of Usol’ekhimprom. The air humidity and temperature are the key meteorological factors affecting the DDFs of PCBs and OCPs.
Comprehensive Genetic Characterization of Four Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRF129_56G, CRF130_A1B, CRF131_A1B, and CRF138_cpx): Insights from Molecular Epidemiology in Cyprus
Authors: Topcu Cicek , Georgiou Vasilis , Rodosthenous Johana Hezka , Siakallis Georgios , Gavala Elena Katerina , Dimitriou Christiana Reveka , Zeniou Evgenia , Foley Brian Thomas , Kostrikis Leondios G.
Published: December 2023

Molecular investigations of the HIV-1 pol region (2253–5250 in the HXB2 genome) were conducted on sequences obtained from 331 individuals infected with HIV-1 in Cyprus between 2017 and 2021. This study unveiled four distinct HIV-1 putative transmission clusters, encompassing 19 previously unidentified HIV-1 recombinants. These recombinants, each comprising eight, three, four, and four sequences, respectively, did not align with previously established Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs). To characterize these novel HIV-1 recombinants, near-full-length genome sequences were successfully obtained for 16 of the 19 recombinants (790–8795 in the HXB2 genome) using an in-house-developed RT-PCR assay. Phylogenetic analyses, employing MEGAX and Cluster-Picker, along with confirmatory neighbor-joining tree analyses of subregions, were conducted to identify distinct clusters and determine subtypes. The uniqueness of the HIV-1 recombinants was evident in their exclusive clustering within generated maximum likelihood trees. Recombination analyses highlighted the distinct chimeric nature of these recombinants, with consistent mosaic patterns observed across all sequences within each of the four putative transmission clusters. Conclusive genetic characterization identified four novel HIV-1 CRFs: CRF129_56G, CRF130_A1B, CRF131_A1B, and CRF138_cpx. CRF129_56G exhibited two recombination breakpoints and three fragments of subtypes CRF56_cpx and G. Both CRF130_A1B and CRF131_A1B featured seven recombination breakpoints and eight fragments of subtypes A1 and B. CRF138_cpx displayed five recombination breakpoints and six fragments of subtypes CRF22_01A1 and F2, along with an unclassified fragment. Additional BLAST analyses identified a Unique Recombinant Form (URF) of CRF138_cpx with three additional recombination sites, involving subtype F2, a fragment of unknown subtype origin, and CRF138_cpx. Post-identification, all putative transmission clusters remained active, with CRF130_A1B, CRF131_A1B, and CRF138_cpx clusters exhibiting further growth. Furthermore, international connections were identified through BLAST analyses, linking one sequence from the USA to the CRF130_A1B strain, and three sequences from Belgium and Cameroon to the CRF138_cpx strain. This study contributes valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of HIV-1 diversity and transmission patterns, emphasizing the need for ongoing molecular surveillance and global collaboration in tracking emerging viral variants.
Evaluating Influenza Vaccination Practices among COPD Patients
Authors: Al-Qerem Walid , Jarab Anan , Eberhardt Judith , Alasmari Fawaz , AbedAlqader Saja K.
Published: December 2023

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) stands as a global health concern linked to considerable morbidity and mortality. In Jordan, the prevalence of COPD is substantial, but research in this area is limited. Exacerbations of COPD can lead to severe outcomes, including hospitalization and increased cardiovascular risk. Influenza is a significant trigger of exacerbations in COPD patients, and vaccination is recommended. However, studies have shown negative attitudes towards the influenza vaccine. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and intentions of COPD patients in Jordan regarding influenza vaccination. Data were collected through a custom-designed questionnaire from 300 COPD patients. The study revealed low influenza vaccination rates, with forgetfulness and lack of knowledge about vaccine effectiveness being the main barriers. Higher knowledge and positive attitudes were associated with greater intention to vaccinate. To tackle these challenges, it is recommended to implement customized health education campaigns, foster collaborations with healthcare providers, and engage in community-focused initiatives to enhance acceptance of the influenza vaccine among COPD patients in Jordan. These findings underscore the importance of addressing knowledge gaps and negative attitudes to enhance vaccine uptake and improve health outcomes for COPD patients.
Assessment of Human SARS CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Responses Elicited In Vitro by New Computationally Designed mRNA Immunogens (COVARNA)
Authors: Esteban Ignasi , Pastor-Quiñones Carmen , Usero Lorena , Aurrecoechea Elena , Franceschini Lorenzo , Esprit Arthur , Gelpí Josep Lluís , Martínez-Jiménez Francisco , López-Bigas Núria , Breckpot Karine , Thielemans Kris , Leal Lorna , Gómez Carmen Elena , Sisteré-Oró Marta , Meyerhans Andreas , Esteban Mariano , Alonso María José , García Felipe , Plana Montserrat
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes and advances in the field of vaccination, including the implementation and widespread use of encapsidated mRNA vaccines in general healthcare practice. Here, we present two new mRNAs expressing antigenic parts of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and provide data supporting their functionality. The first mRNA, called RBD-mRNA, encodes a trimeric form of the virus spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). The other mRNA, termed T-mRNA, codes for the relevant HLA I and II spike epitopes. The two mRNAs (COVARNA mRNAs) were designed to be used for delivery to cells in combination, with the RBD-mRNA being the primary source of antigen and the T-mRNA working as an enhancer of immunogenicity by supporting CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation. This innovative approach substantially differs from other available mRNA vaccines, which are largely directed to antibody production by the entire spike protein. In this study, we first show that both mRNAs are functionally transfected into human antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from three groups of voluntary donors differing in their immunity against SARS-CoV-2: non-infected (naïve), infected-recovered (convalescent), and vaccinated. Using an established method of co-culturing autologous human dendritic cells (hDCs) with T-cells, we detected proliferation and cytokine secretion, thus demonstrating the ability of the COVARNA mRNAs to activate T-cells in an antigen-specific way. Interestingly, important differences in the intensity of the response between the infected-recovered (convalescent) and vaccinated donors were observed, with the levels of T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion (IFNγ, IL-2R, and IL-13) being higher in the vaccinated group. In summary, our data support the further study of these mRNAs as a combined approach for future use as a vaccine.