bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apostoli sv. Filip i Jakov Alfejev u hagiografiji i poeziji Marka Marulića
Authors: Dragić Helena
Published: March 2022

Na temelju Matejeva, Markova, Lukina i Ivanova evanđelja, Djela apostolskih te hagiografske zbirke Legenda aurea aut vitae sanctorum Jakoba de Voragine, ali i druge relevantne literature u radu se govori o dvanaestorici Isusovih učenika i apostola. Posebna pozornost posvećuje se (re)konstrukciji života apostola sv. Filipa i sv. Jakova. Juraj Šižgorić i Marko Marulić u svojim pjesmama opjevali su apostole među koje su uvrstili i sv. Pavla koji je sam sebe nazivao apostolom. Sv. Filip propovijedao je među Skitima. Razapet je i dotučen kamenjem u Hijerapolu. Dvije njegove kćeri mučeničkom smrću posvjedočile su vjeru u Isusa Krista. Sv. Jakov Alfejev nazivan je i Jakov Mlađi, Jakov Pravedni te brat Gospodinov jer je iznimno sličio Isusu pa su ih zamjenjivali. Bio je prvi biskup u Jeruzalemu, gdje je mučen i umoren. Relikvije apostola sv. Jakova Alfejeva nalaze se u rimskoj crkvi Dodici apostoli uz apostola Filipa. Stoga ih Katolička crkva slavi istoga dana. Spomendan sv. Filipa i sv. Jakova Alfejeva do 1955. godine slavio se 1. svibnja. Papa Pio XII. te godine odredio je taj dan kao spomendan sv. Josipa radnika, a svetkovina sv. Filipa i Jakova premještena je na 3. svibnja.
Cognitive predictors of stress-induced mood malleability in depression
Authors: Bø Ragnhild , Kraft Brage , Joormann Jutta , Jonassen Rune , harmer catherine , Landrø Nils Inge
Published: March 2022

Background & Objectives. Basic attentional control, negative biases in attention and interpretation, and rumination are all cognitive processes associated with depression; however, less is known about their predictive role in depressive mood reactivity and -recovery in response to stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these cognitive processes predict depressive mood reactivity and recovery (i.e., mood malleability), and investigate if mood malleability mediates the relation between these processes and severity of depression in a clinical sample.Design & Methods. We experimentally induced stress based on an autobiographical imagery script in a sample of 92 participants fulfilling the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder with or without comorbid anxiety disorders. We used simple regression analysis for investigating the roles of state- and trait rumination, attentional networks, and attentional and interpretation biases for predicting stress-induced depressive mood reactivity and -recovery, respectively. The PROCESS macro was used to investigate whether reactivity and recovery in parallel mediated the association between cognitive processes and depression severity.Results. Stress-induced depressive mood reactivity was predicted by better orienting ability and more state rumination. Better recovery was predicted by better orienting efficiency and lower negative interpretation bias towards sad stimuli. Furthermore, the relation between state rumination and depression severity was partially mediated by depressive mood reactivity.Conclusions. We characterized the relation between cognitive processes and mood malleability in response to stress in a clinical sample, and its relationship to depression severity. Findings could refine theoretical models of depression and inform future treatment targets if causality is established.
Menyikapi Perbedaan Awal Ramadan
Authors: Qosim Nanang
Published: March 2022

Menentukan awal Ramadan dan awal Syawal (berpuasa dan berlebaran) itu ada dua pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan rukyat dan pendekatan hisab. Adapun dasar hukum kedua pendekatan ini yakni hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari bahwasannya Rasululah Muhammad SAW, bersabda: ”Berpuasalah karena melihat tanggal dan berbukalah (berlebaranlah) karena melihatnya. Maka bilamana tidak terlihat olehmu, maka sempurnakan bilangan bulan Syaban sebanyak 30 hari.”Di samping hadis tersebut, juga petunjuk dalam Alquran Surat Yunus 10 ayat 5 yang berbunyi: ”Dialah yang menjadikan matahari bersinar dan bulan bercahaya, dan Dialah yang menetapkan tempat-tempat orbitnya, agar kamu mengetahui bilangan tahun, dan perhitungan/ hisab (waktu). Allah tidak menciptakan demikian itu melainkan dengan benar. Dia menjelas-kan tanda-tanda (kebesaran-Nya) kepada orang-orang yang mengetahui.”Terkait dengan hadis di atas maka apabila ahli hisab (tim) menetapkan bahwa bulan belum tampak (tanggal) atau sudah wujud tetapi tidak kelihatan, padahal kenyataannya ada orang yang melihat pada malam itu juga, maka diputuskan rukyatlah yang muktabar.
Daily Feelings of Gratitude are Related to Better Mental Health Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients: A Daily Diary Study
Authors: Tomczyk Joanna , Krejtz Izabela , Nezlek John B.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Gratitude is known to have beneficial effects on the well-being of various populations, including women with breast cancer. The present diary study examined if daily feelings of gratitude would affect the daily functioning of women with breast cancer and if after a 2-week-long gratitude intervention they would function better than before it.Methods: Participants were 62 women with breast cancer. Half of them were randomly assigned to the gratitude condition, half to the control condition. All of them completed a 14-day diary that measured their daily gratitude, well-being, affect, satisfaction with life, perceived social support, and other aspects of daily functioning. The gratitude group took part in an intervention that involved wearing a smartwatch that asked them what they were grateful for, three times a day for 14 days. The control group wore smartwatches that sent neutral notifications. Before and after the study, participants completed a set of trait-level scales that measured their dispositional gratitude, depression, anxiety, stress coping styles, and other correlates of gratitude.Results: Daily gratitude was positively correlated with all aspects of good daily functioning (e.g., positive affect, well-being, acceptance of illness), and negatively with negative affect – regardless of the study condition. There were no significant differences in the functioning of women in the gratitude intervention and the control group, besides in daily perceived social support: women who practiced gratitude felt more supported by others on an everyday basis. All participants had a higher level of acceptance of illness and a lower level of anxiety after the study, compared to their baseline scores.Conclusion: We found that daily feelings of gratitude were associated with the good functioning of the patients in everyday life. Keeping a two-week diary that involved self-monitoring of one’s mood and well-being led to better functioning after the study, compared to the initial levels. Yet, research into the effectiveness of gratitude interventions in this population should continue and we conclude the paper with suggestions for future research. We believe this study contributes to the understanding of mechanisms behind a breast cancer patient’s daily functioning.
KOPERASI SYARIAH DAN UMKM
Authors: Ramadani Ainun
Published: March 2022

Indonesia mempunyai tiga pilar kekuatan ekonomi yang melaksanakan berbagai kegiatan usaha dalam tata kehidupan perekonomian, diantaranya Badan Usaha Milik Negara, Badan Usaha Milik Swasta dan Koperasi. Koperasi merupakan bagian tiga pilar perekonomian yang turut serta membantu kesejahteraan masyarakat, dan memilki peranan yang sangat penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Koperasi memiliki sub unit simpan pinjam, yang merupakan media penyimpanan dan pinjaman bagi para anggotanya, dimana operasional transaksi menggunkan sistem bunga seperti halnya bank. Tingkat bunga pada keuangan konvensional termasuk koperasi merupakan salah satu pertimbangan anggota dalam memutuskan untuk menyimpan dan meminjam pada koperasi. Sistem bunga yang diberlakukan oleh lembaga keuangan konvensional maupun oleh koperasi merupakan bentuk riba yang dilarang di setiap agama termasuk agama Islam. Riba merupakan bantuk penambahan untuk mencapai keuntungan secara sepihak yang terdapat dalam transaksi yang dilakukan oleh lembaga keuangan konvensional. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan oleh koperasi berserta pengurus dan anggota dengan merubah atau melakukan konversi dari sistem operasional transaksi konvensional berbasis bunga (riba) menjadi sistem operasional berdasarkan syariah. Konversi dan akuisisi lembaga keuangan konvensional menjadi syariah menjadi trend pembetukan bank syariah di tahun 2008 dan menjadi salah satu upaya yang dapat ditempuh untuk meningkatkan lembaga keuangan syariah khususnya koperasi syariah di Indonesia secara lebih cepat. Untuk itu banyak warga Indonesia yang butuh mengenal Koperasi Syariah secara umum. Berdasarkan uraian diatas, maka penulis tertarik untuk membahas mengenai sejarah koperasi syariah di Indonesia dengan judul “Koperasi Syariah dan UMKM”.
Assessing the mental and physical health of young carers: a systematic review
Authors: Lacey Rebecca E , Xue Baowen , McMunn Anne
Published: March 2022

Background The health of people providing unpaid care to someone with a health condition or old age is known to be poorer, on average, than those who do not provide care. However, the health of young carers (<18 years of age) has been hugely under-researched, especially in quantitative studies. The aim of this study was to systematically review studies assessing the mental and physical health of young carers.Methods A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Original studies written in English, which examined associations between caring under 18 years of age and any measure of health, were included. Two independent reviewers carried out the article screening and quality assessment. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Findings We screened 901 unique articles and identified 14 studies examining associations between young caring and health. Most studies were from the UK (n=8), with the rest from the US (n=2), Canada (n=1), Australia (n=1), Austria (n=1), Switzerland (n=1) and a cross-European study (n=1). Six studies investigate both mental and physical health outcomes, seven studies investigated only mental health outcomes, and one study solely investigated the physical health impacts of being a young carer. Almost all studies were cross-sectional in design (n=13). Most studies found that young carers had poorer physical and mental health, on average, than their non-caregiving peers. Interpretation Young carers appear to have poorer health than their non-caregiving peers. However, the extant research base is relatively weak. More quantitative research is urgently needed, particularly that which is longitudinal in design, and which considers physical health outcomes.
Vegans Experience More Social Disapproval than Other Vegetarians and Pescatarians Experience Less Social Disapproval than Vegetarians
Authors: Nezlek John B. , Forestell Catherine A , Tomczyk Joanna , Cypryanska Marzena
Published: March 2022

Across three studies conducted in the US and Poland, we found that vegans tended to think that others treated them more negatively because of their diet than lacto-ovo vegetarians or pescatarians. In contrast, pescatarians tended to think that other treated them less negatively than lacto-ovo vegetarians did. In one study, we found that vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians, and pescatarians thought that others treated them more negatively because of their diet than omnivores did. Interestingly, in this same study, we found that vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians, and pescatarians thought that others treated them more positively in some ways due to their diets than omnivores did. A third study found that differences in perceptions of negative treatment among vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians, and pescatarians were more pronounced for how strangers treated them than they were for how friends and family members treated them. How diet influences the treatment people receive appears to vary as a function of numerous factors, and future research needs to address such questions.
Manajemen Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada An.E Dengan Masalah Halusinasi di Ruang Melur
Authors: siregar lia permata sari
Published: March 2022

Halusinasi merupakan gangguan penerimaan pancaindra tanpa stimulasi eksternal (halusinasi pendengaran, penglihatan, pengecapan, penciuman, dan perabaan). Halusinasi merupakan salah satu gejala gangguan jiwa pada individu yang ditandai dengan perubahan sensori persepsi yaitu merasakan sensasi palsu berupa suara, penglihatan, pengecapan, perabaan atau penciuman. Pasien merasakan stimulus yang sebenarnya tidak ada
“Prinsip-prinsip manajemen dalam al-Qur’an dan hadis”
Authors: wati isma
Published: March 2022

Dalam Al-Qur’an istilah manajemen merujuk pada kata yudabbiru yang berarti mengatur, mengelola, merekayasa, melaksanakan, mengurus dengan baik. Diantara ayat yang memuat kaayudabbiru terdapat pada suratYunus.Dalam sebuah perusahaan atau organisasi pasti membutuhkan kiat-kiat bagaimana perusahaan bisa berjalan dengan lancar. Tentu, untuk menunjang kelancaran, suatu perusahaan tidak dapat asal-asalan dalam menjalankan usahanya. Maka sistem manajemen diperlukan dalam hal ini. Dalam sistem manajemen terdapat seorang manajer yang bertugas mengatur jalannya perekonomian dalam perusahaan.Manajemen memiliki kontribusi besar dalam mencapai profit yang tinggi. Namun kita tahu, dalam berekonomi umat muslim sangat dilarang untuk melakukan hal-hal yang dilarang seperti riba. Maka perlu adanya sebuah dalil yang kuat bagaimana praktik-praktik ekonomi itu boleh termasuk manajemen.Tentunnya sistem manajemen dibentuk karena memiliki fungsi didalamnya. Meskipun tidak jauh berbeda dengan fungsi manajemen dari manajemen konvensional, tetapi manajemen Islami atau syariah lebih mengedepankan tujuan yang luhur untuk menciptakan maslahah bersama. Adapun prinsip-prinsipnya juga diambil nari nilai-nilai keislaman yang bersumber pada Quran dan Hadits.
Hakikat Revolusi Mental dalam Al-Qur'an (Analisis Semantik Tagyīr al-Nafs)
Authors: Fansuri Fuad
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini membahas topik Revolusi Mental dalam Perspektif Alquran dengan pendekatan semantik. Permasalahan pokok dikaji dengan metode tematik untuk mengetahui hakikat Revolusi Mental dalam Alquran. Hakikat revolusi mental dalam Alquran tergambar dari penelitian tentang term tagyīr al-nafs. Term ini beserta derivasinya disebutkan pada 4 ayat dalam Alquran dengan makna yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan konteksnya. Dari 4 ayat tersebut, hanya pada term yugayyir al-nafs yang memiliki relevansi dengan makna revolusi mental yang sedang dikaji yaitu perubahan yang bermakna positif (ni’mah). Perubahan baru dapat terjadi jika dilakukan oleh dua pihak; pertama Allah dan kedua manusia. Allah swt. mengubah nikmat yang dianugerahkan-Nya kepada suatu masyarakat pada sisi luar/lahiriah. Sedangkan manusia, dalam hal ini masyarakat yang melakukan perubahan pada sisi dalam. Perubahan yang terjadi akibat campur tangan Allah menyangkut banyak hal, seperti kekayaan dan kemiskinan, kesehatan dan penyakit, kemuliaan atau kehinaan, persatuan atau perpecahan dan lain-lain yang berkaitan dengan masyarakat secara umum, bukan secara individu. Oleh karena itu, perubahan yang dilakukan Allah haruslah didahului oleh perubahan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat menyangkut sisi dalam mereka (mā bi anfusihim).
The larval zebrafish vestibular system is a promising model to understand the role of myelin in neural circuits
Authors: Auer Franziska , Schoppik David
Published: March 2022

Myelin is classically known for its role in facilitating nerve conduction. However, recent work casts myelin as a key player in both proper neuronal circuit development and function. With this expanding role comes a demand for new approaches to characterize and perturb myelin in the context of tractable neural circuits as they mature. Here we argue that the simplicity, strong conservation, and clinical relevance of the vestibular system offer a way forward. Further, the tractability of the larval zebrafish affords a uniquely powerful means to test open hypotheses of myelin's role in normal development and disordered vestibular circuits. We end by identifying key open questions in myelin neurobiology that the zebrafish vestibular system is particularly well-suited to address.
A consistent mass-conserving C-staggered method for shallow water equations on global reduced grids
Authors: Lima Genilson , Peixoto Pedro
Published: March 2022

The increasing number of cores in modern supercomputers motivated the search for methods with better scalability to model the atmospheric dynamics in global weather forecasting and climate simulations. This objective renewed the interest in grid-point schemes with quasi-uniform spherical grids, with each alternative providing some good properties and some disadvantages. Here, we target reduced latitude-longitude global grids, and build from derivations of previous schemes trying to circumvent existing limitations. A method is proposed for the shallow water equations on a C-staggered global reduced grid using a combination of finite differences, finite volumes, and explicit time-stepping. This scheme applies trigonometric approximations, has some conservative properties, and uses numerically consistent operators everywhere. Classical and recently proposed benchmarks were used to evaluate convergence, stability, and accumulation of errors. Results indicated that the trigonometric scheme is a good candidate for global models, providing adequate accuracy at reasonable computational cost and suitability for parallel processing.
Construct validity and the validity of replication studies: A systematic review
Authors: Flake Jessica Kay , Davidson Ian James , Wong Octavia , Pek Jolynn
Published: March 2022

Currently there is little guidance for navigating measurement challenges that threaten construct validity in replication research. To identify common challenges and ultimately strengthen replication research, we conducted a systematic review of the measures used in the 100 original and replication studies from the Reproducibility Project Psychology (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). Results indicate that it was common for scales used in the original studies to have little or no validity evidence. Our systematic review demonstrates and corroborates evidence that issues of construct validity are sorely neglected in original and replicated research. We identify four measurement challenges replicators are likely to face: a lack of essential measurement information, a lack of validity evidence, measurement differences, and translation. Next, we offer solutions for addressing these challenges that will improve measurement practices in original and replication research. Finally, we close with a discussion of the need to develop measurement methodologies for the next generation of replication research.Public Significance: Over the past decade psychologists have been calling for methodological reform to increase the rigor and replicability of psychological science, which has been accompanied by progress in improving transparency and statistical practices. This paper presents rigorous measurement practices as foundational for generating knowledge from psychological science that can be translated to inform policy, develop interventions, and improve people’s lives. We review one of the largest sets of replication studies ever conducted to understand how measurement can be improved and develop measurement practices for the next generation of replication research.
Low-certainty modals not future tenses cause increased psychological discounting
Authors: Robertson Cole , Roberts Sean , Majid Asifa , Dunbar R. I. M.
Published: March 2022

Speaking a language that obliges the future tense for linguistic Future Time Reference (FTR) has been hypothesised to cause speakers to perceive delayed outcomes as temporally distal and therefore less valuable (“temporal discounting”). Conversely, we hypothesise that the obligation to use low-certainty modal verbs, e.g. may, causes speakers to construe risky and delayed outcomes as riskier and therefore less valuable (“combined discounting”). We experimentally elicited free-text FTR responses and measured construals of future temporal distance and discounting of (risky) delayed rewards in speakers of Dutch (which does not oblige FTR marking) and English (which does). We used statistical mediation models, which parse out an indirect effect of a predictor on an outcome via a mediating variable, a direct effect of a predictor on an outcome, and a total effect—the other two combined. English speakers construed future events as temporally proximal, which in turn caused less (rather than more) temporal discounting (indirect effect). The direct effect went in the opposite direction, meaning there was no population-level difference in temporal discounting (no total effect, Study 1). When we measured combined discounting, English speakers discounted more (a total effect, Study 2). Further, English speakers used more low-certainty language and this caused increased combined discounting (an indirect effect). Future tense use did not impact construals of temporal distance, meaning future tense use did not mediate an effect on combined discounting (Study 2). We addressed possible cultural confounds by testing Dutch-English bilinguals (Study 3). When bilinguals were tested in English, they used more low-certainty modal verbs, which in turn caused increased combined discounting (an indirect effect). This was moderated by self-reported English proficiency, indicating language, not culture, is responsible for effects. Results suggest effects of FTR grammar are not driven by obligatory future tenses affecting temporal discounting, but by obligatory low-certainty modals affecting combined discounting.
Changes in response criterion and lapse rate as general mechanisms of vigilance decrement: The implications of memory fidelity in vigilance tasks. Commentary on McCarley & Yamani, 2021
Authors: Román-Caballero Rafael , Martín-Arévalo Elisa , Lupiáñez Juan
Published: March 2022

Multiple theories have used the indices of the signal detection theory (SDT) to explain vigilance decrement. A recent study by McCarley and Yamani offered conceptual and methodological advances to this debate by using a vigilance task that parametrically manipulates noise and signal, and analyzes the outcomes with psychometric curves. In the present commentary, we reanalyze data from an already existing different parametric vigilance task, the Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance–executive and arousal components (ANTI-Vea; Luna et al., 2018). Psychometric curves with the ANTI-Vea showed robust changes in response criterion and lapse rate, although not in sensitivity. We interpret that the need to keep in memory the standard in McCarley and Yamani’s task could produce a decrease in sensitivity and, therefore, the temporal change in this index would be related to reduced fidelity of the memory representation rather than to a decrement in perceptual abilities across time-on-task.
Antidiabetic Herbal Drugs and Polyherbal Formulation used for Diabetes: A Review
Authors:   Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Junwani, Bhilai, Chhattishgarh, India, Dwivedi Chandraprakash , Daspaul Swarnali ,   Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Junwani, Bhilai, Chhattishgarh, India
Published: March 2022

This dreadful disease is found in all parts of the world and is becoming a serious threat to mankind health. It is caused by the deficiency or ineffective production of insulin by pancreas which results in increase or decrease in concentrations of glucose in the blood. There are lots of chemical agents available to control and to treat diabetic patients, but total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this date. Alternative to these synthetic agents, many herbal plants with hypoglycaemic properties are known from across the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. A list of medicinal plants with proven antidiabetic and related beneficial effects and of herbal drugs used in treatment of diabetes is compiled.
A cross sectional study of knowledge, attitude and practices of menstrual hygiene among medical students in north India
Authors:   Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Shri Arbindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, MP, India, Sharma Neelima , Sharma Pooja ,   Shri Arbindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, India, Sharma Neha ,   Department of Pharmacology NIMS Medical College, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Wavare R.R. ,   Prof and Head, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Shri Arbindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, MP, India, Gautam Bishal ,   Resident, Department of General Surgery, Bombay Hospital, Indore, MP, India, Sharma Madan ,   Senior Medical Officer, Civil Hospital, Mandleshwar, India
Published: March 2022

Menstruation and menstrual practices are associated with taboos and socio-cultural restrictions. Good hygienic practices such as the use of sanitary pads and adequate washing of genital area are essential during menstruation. Doctors are the main health care providers and thus, their knowledge helps in transforming the community practices. Aims and objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene among first year medical students in north India. Materials and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 50 girls of first year MBBS of Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore. A pre formed pretested questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed statistically by simple proportions. Result: Most of the girls (n=89, 50.56%) were in the age group of 18-20 years. Surprisingly, 32.38% (57) girls were ignorant about menstruation before menarche. Mean age of attaining menarche was 13 ranges were 9-17. We found that in 35.22% (n=62) of students, menstrual habits were inculcated by their mothers. 152 girls (86.36%) were using sanitary napkins as absorbent material during their menstrual cycle. 42% (73 girls) were doing vaginal wash daily. 57% (n=100) of girls were having regular menses. 82% (n=144) of girls were reported to experience premenstrual symptoms. 12% of girls were having knowledge of different types of myths about menstruation. 34% (n=59) of girls were forced to practice restrictions during menses.
Evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of ethanolic seed extracts of Citrullus lanatus
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India, Varghese Sumam , Narmadha R. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India, Gomathi D. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India, Kalaiselvi M. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India, Devaki K. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetes is one of the most serious, chronic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is becoming the third “killer” of the health of mankind after cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting about 220 million people worldwide. A number of plants have been described in Ayurveda for the management of diabetes. The present study was aimed to find out the hypoglycemic and non-toxic effect of Citrullus lanatus seed extracts. Materials and Methods: In acute toxicity study, there was no mortality observed up to the maximum dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight of the extract after administered orally. After toxicity studies the various extracts of plant were used for hypoglycaemic activity in which the ethanolic extract showed very good reduction in blood glucose level. From that three doses were selected for oral glucose tolerance test and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract showed better glycaemic control. Hence antidiabetic studies were conducted with 400 mg/kg dose level for 30 days and the tissues antioxidant levels and histopathological studies were carried out by using standard protocols. Results: The ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus helps to maintain the antioxidant level in various organs and also helps to protect the organs from oxidative damage. Conclusion: From our study, the ethanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus controls the blood glucose level and also helps to prevent the organ from oxidative damage. Hence it can be used in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Antimicrobial effects of a crude plant lectin isolated from the stem of Tinospora tomentosa
Authors: Saha Repon Kumer , Acharya Srijan , Jamiruddin Maha , Roy Priyanka , Islam Md.Sohidul , Shovon Syed Sahidul Haque
Published: March 2022

Crude plant lectins were isolated from the stem of Tinospora tomentosa and found its antibacterial and antifungal effects. Lectins were isolated by ammonium sulphate precipitation method. Presence of carbohydrate and proteins were investigated by thin layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy techniques. Lectin was characterized by its binding affinity with carbohydrates and human erythrocytes by hemagglutination inhibition assay and SDS-page gel electrophoresis. The amount of proteins was quantitatively measured by Lowry method. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated by disk diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of bacteria and fungus were determined from their dose-response curve. Salmonella induced hemagglutination activity was performed to investigate its binding affinity with bacterial cell surface. Isolated lectin contained carbohydrates and protein residues in its structure. Its molecular weight was about 32 kD and seemed as a monomeric. It showed binding affinities to lactose sugar and bacterial cell surfaces and inhibited hemagglutination. It showed a dose-response relationship in its antibacterial and antifungal activities. The stem of Tinospora tomentosa may be considered as an important medicinal plant for antimicrobial therapeutics.
A Review on Heliotropism Plant: Helianthus annuus L.
Authors: Dwivedi A , Sharma GN
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, plants are used as medicinal hub for the various disease treatments and as cosmeceuticals. Helianthus annuus L. is the source of various chemical constituents which are used for the treatment of many fatal or life threatening diseases. It is one of the best plants for the antimicrobial activity. The leaves of this plant are source of maximum photochemical then other parts like seeds, stem, flower etc. This review is a pharmaceutical and medicinal update on Helianthus annuus L.
Cardioprotective effect of a chronic treatment of Ginkgo biloba Phytosomes in isoproterenol-induced cardiac necrosis in rats : Involvement of antioxidant system
Authors: Panda Vandana S. , Naik Suresh R.
Published: March 2022

The present study investigates the cardioprotective effect and antioxidant activity of a chronic treatment of Ginkgo biloba Phytosomes (GBP) in isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac necrosis in rats. Pretreatment of GBP 100 mg/kg daily for 30 & 45 days to rats treated with ISO (85 mg/kg, s.c) on the last 2 days, resulted in a significant cardioprotective activity reflected by attenuation of the ISO-elevated levels of serum marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase & creatine phosphokinase) and malondialdehyde, and restoration of the activities and levels of the ISO-depleted marker enzymes, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase & glutathione reductase) in the heart. However, oral administration of GBP 200 mg/kg to ISO treated rats exhibited lesser cardioprotective effect than GBP 100 mg/kg. It may be concluded that GBP 100 mg/kg oral treatment to ISO challenged rats augments endogenous antioxidants of rat heart, enhances scavenging of free radicals and inhibits lipid peroxidation of membrane, thereby salvaging the myocardium from the deleterious effects of ISO.
GC-MS analysis and Antioxidant activity of essential oil of Artemisia amygdalina from Kashmir, India
Authors: Qadir Mahpara , Banday Javid A. , Shah Wajaht A.
Published: March 2022

The essential oil composition of the leaves of Artemisia amygdalina, growing in Kashmir, India, along with its antioxidant activity, is reported in the present study. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of 28 constituents representing 95.58% of the total oil. Sabinene, p-Cymene, Eucalyptol and L-Borneol were the major constituents present in the oil. The monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpene content in the oil was found to be 58.08%, 31.14%, 5.58% and 0.78%, respectively. The essential oil was evaluated for antioxidant activity through DPPH assay, exhibiting prominent antioxidant profile.
Effect of aqueous extract of Talinum triangulae (water leave) in lead- induced chromosomal aberration
Authors: B. Afolabi Olakunle , Oloyede O.I , Tugbobo Oladimeji
Published: March 2022

Phytomedicine is a subject that is now gaining relevance worldwide aiding treatment for diseases that were once incurable among folks in which genotoxicity is a prominent one. The present study was designed to examine the ability of Talinum triangulare (water leaf) to protect the genomic integrity of swiss albino rat from lead-induced chromosomal damage in the bone marrow red blood cells. 20 eight week old rats were divided into five groups with group 1 as the negative control and group 2 is the positive control and the other groups, all treated by gavage once per day with a single dose of 2.5 mg/ml lead acetate. The frequency of micronuclei formed was examined in the bone marrow erythroblast of the treated and untreated groups through standard micronuclei assay method. The plant shows significant (p<0.05) difference in genoprotective ability in the group treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of the aqueous extract of the plant over 100 and 400 mg/kg b.w when the level of the micronucleated proerythroblast formed in the bone marrow was considered and a substantial decrease in the number of polychromatophilic erythroblasts (PCEs) scored from the stained blood cells in the groups respectively. It is shown in the present study that lead-induced chromosomal damage could be averted measurably by dietary consumption of Talinum triangulare.
Macro-microscopic standards of an abortifacient druglangali (tubers of Gloriosa superba Linn.)
Authors: V Mallya Suma , Kumar KN Sunil , K Kamat Shrilatha
Published: March 2022

Gloriosa superba Linn., a striking herbaceous tendril climber with underground cylindrical white tuberous root, forms as a source of Langali -a upavisha dravya. The root contains an alkaloid colchicine (0.23- 0.3%). Though a poisonous root, having the magnificent therapeutic benefit, deliberate attempt to record its standard macro-microscopic features by photomicrography is lacking. Matured, authenticated tuberous roots were collected from its natural habitat. Macro-microscopic and powder characters were recorded using standard methodology. Thin walled parenchymatous cells with plenty of simple and compound starch grains, collateral vascular bundles scattered in the ground tissue, and absence of any sclerenchymatous tissue are microscopic recordings of transverse section of root. The powder has shown the presence of starch grains and cells of scaly leaves in surface view. This study along with photographic atlas will serve as reference for the correct identification of the drug and to differentiate it from their substitute and adulterants.
Secondary metabolites as anti-inflammatory agents
Authors: Mohammed Mona S. , Osman Wadah J.A. , Garelnabi Elrashied A.E. , Osman Zuheir , Osman Bashier , Khalid Hassan S. , Mohamed Magdi A.
Published: March 2022

Inflammation is a complex pathophysiological process mediated by a variety of signaling molecules and can be classified as either acute or chronic. Anti inflammatory drugs are broadly classified into two categories: Steroidal and Non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) some of them are no longer used due to their severe adverse effects. Traditionally, people have been using powerful anti-inflammatory plants for thousands of years as part of their diet and pharmaceutical arsenal, and secondary compounds derived from these plants may offer important sources of anti-inflammatory agents.
An examination of the consequences of chronic exposure to Mitragyna speciosa during adolescence on learning and memory in adulthood
Authors: Compton David M. , Garcia Corina , Kamaratos Annamaria V. , Johnson Brittany G. , Wedge Tegan
Published: March 2022

Although an emerging drug of concern in the United States and Europe, the active alkaloids associated the Mitragyna speciosa plant have long been utilized for a number of purposes ranging from use as an antitussive to that of anti-inflammatory or analgesic purposes. Known by a number of common names, in the United States it is normally legally sold as Kratom. However, little is known about the consequences of the main constituent, mitragynine or any of the more than two dozen identified plant alkaloids on neuropsychological development, learning and memory, and behavior. In the present experiment, adolescent rats were given repeated injections of saline, 15 mg/kg, or 50 mg/kg of Mitragyna speciosa extract. Once the animals reached 107 days of age, they were assessed for general activity, retention on a step-down passive avoidance task, trained using tasks with spatial components of various levels of difficulty, a spatial learning set task, and a plus maze response learning task. In some but not all of the Morris water maze tasks, escape latencies for the 50 mg/kg but not 15 mg/kg rats were significantly longer than that of saline control animals. Nonetheless, performance across groups on probe trials was comparable. In addition, during learning set testing the escape times for the three groups were comparable and, more important, they were able to respond on trial two on the basis of what they learned on the first trial by the end of training. For plus maze response learning testing, all three groups made a comparable number of reference memory errors. Conversely, the 50 mg/kg drug group made significantly more total and working memory errors than the saline-treated animals. The results suggest that chronic exposure to the alkaloids present in legally available Kratom during adolescence is capable of producing a variety of subtle but lasting changes affecting spatial and working memory performance in adulthood, well after the exposure to Kratom has ended.
Anti-inflammatory and safety assessment of Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms (Araliaceae) leaf extract in ovalbumin-induced asthma
Authors: Koffuor George Asumeng , Boye Alex , Ofori-Amoah Jones , Kyei Samuel , Abokyi Samuel , Nyarko Raymond Appiah , Bangfu Ruth Naalukyem
Published: March 2022

Background: Polyscias fruticosa is a plant used in the traditional management of asthma in Ghana. Aim: This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory property of an ethanolic leaf extract of Polyscias fruticosa and safety for use in ovalbumin-induced asthma. Methodology: The total and differential white blood cell counts, C-reactive protein level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were determined for blood samples obtained from Duncan Hartley guinea-pigs following sensitization (150 µg OVA + 100 mg aluminium hydroxide, I.P), OVA aerosol challenge, and treatment with 2 ml/kg normal saline, 10mg/kg prednisolone and 100, 250 or 500 mg/kg of the extract. An acute and delayed toxicity study was also conducted. Results: White blood cells and its differentials were significantly elevated (P ≤ 0.05) after OVA-induced asthma. Treatments with the extracts and prednisolone significantly reduced (P≤0.05) elevated white blood cells and its differentials. Elevated serum C-reactive protein (≥ 6.0 ± 0.00 mg/l) was reduced to within normal levels, and there was a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in erythrocyte sedimentation rates in PFE and prednisolone-treated animals following OVA-induced asthma. PFE showed no significant toxic effect at lower doses (NOAEL: < 1000 mg/kg) Conclusion: The ethanolic leaf extract of Polyscias fruticosa reduces white blood cell count and its differentials in blood, hence its anti-inflammatory effect; a useful property in the treatment of asthma.
Analyzing the phytochemical composition of Justicia neesii Ramam)
Authors: Sridhar Nimmakayala , Duggirala Suguna Lakshmi , Puchchakayala Goverdhan
Published: March 2022

Phytochemical profile is an important aspect as it will give an over view of possible pharmacological properties of the plant. Justicia neesii is a plant belongs to Acanthaceae family, on which no significant phytochemical and pharmacological was done. The objective of the present study is to elucidate the phytochemical profile and analysis of antioxidant properties by TLC method. The phytochemical analysis was done for screening the maximum number of phytochemicals using standard methods. The TLC plates were developed with a solvent system containing methanol: chloroform: hexane at a ratio of 7:2:1. Ascorbic acid was used as positive control and a blank TLC plate was used as negative control in the experiment. The diluted DPPH in methanol was sprayed on the developed plates and observed under UV light. The preliminary phytochemical analysis shows the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, lactones, lignins, phenols, phytosterols, quinins, reducing sugars, saponins and terpinoids. The TLC analysis has shown the higher intensity of yellow color for the test spots which indicating the higher antioxidant potential of plant extract compared to standard ascorbic acid after treatment with DPPH solution. The plant is having good antioxidant potential. The plant was also composed of many significant phytochemicals.
Evaluation of burn wound healing potential of aqueous extract of Morus alba based cream in rats
Authors: Bhatia Nitish , Singh Arunpreet , Sharma Rohit , Singh Amandeep , Soni Varinder , Singh Gurjeet , Bajaj Jaideep , Dhawan Ravi , Singh Balwinder
Published: March 2022

The present protocol was designed to compare the effects of Morus alba (MA) aqueous extract based cream on healing of burn wounds in rats. Fifty adult, male Wistar-albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as a sham control group. The animals in this group underwent shaving on the back without any burn injury. Burn was generated on the backs of all the rats in second, third, fourth and fifth group. The animals of second group served as burn injury control group and did not receive any treatment. The burned areas of the rats in the third, fourth and fifth groups were covered daily with a cream base, SSD cream and MA creasm (20% MA aqueous extract based cream) respectively. The percentage of wound contraction in a period of 11 days was observed, followed by observation in the period of epithelialization of the wound till the 21st day after injury. On the 21st day, the rats were sacrificed and the burn wound skin tissue samples were collected for histopathological examinations. Morphological and histo-pathological evaluations showed burn healing to be better in the MA and SSD groups with respect to the burn injury control group. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the MA cream treated group had a significantly better rate of burn wound healing than the SSD group. In conclusion, application of MA cream (20% MA aqueous extract based cream) proved to be highly effective in healing burn related skin wounds in the rat model.
Evaluation of synergistic antimicrobial activity of Gemifloxacin with Linum usitatissimum seed oil
Authors: Joshi Yogesh , Garg Ruchika , Juyal Divya
Published: March 2022

Gemifloxacin and Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil has individual in-vitro antimicrobial activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. To reduce dose dependent side effects and the development of drug-resistance by an antibiotic when used alone, in accordance with the maintenance of the effectiveness, the alternative approach nowadays is to go for combinations of antibiotic required for the treatment along with any other suitable agent for minimization of the above problems. This study involved an initial approach to evaluate the synergistic antimicrobial effects of gemifloxacin with linseed oil. The physicochemical properties of the oil determined were color, odor, specific gravity, acid value, iodine value and saponification value. Phytochemical analysis revealed that Linseed oil contains fats, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and tannins. Combined antimicrobial effects of both gemifloxacin and linseed oil were then analyzed in different combinations using the microbial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillus, Escherichia coli and Shigella boyedi. From the results, it was concluded that linseed oil synergies the antimicrobial potential of gemifloxacin when used simultaneously in various combinations.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial activities and GC-MS analysis of Calotropis gigantea white flowers
Authors: Rajamohan Shopna , Kalaivanan Prabakaran , Sivagnanam Ilayaraja , Rajamanickam Manivannan
Published: March 2022

Calotropis gigantea white (Asclepiadaceae), is a weed plant commonly known as giant milkweed. It has one of the important traditional medicines to treat various ailments. The aim of this study to screen the phytochemicals present in the flower extract by GC-MS analysis. The results showed the presence of phytochemicals of alkaloids, tannins, phenol, flavonoids, sterols, anthraquinones, proteins and quinones in the flower extract. The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 4 major compounds. This study forms a basis of biological characterization and the importance of the compounds identified and creates many bioactive ingredients to treat many diseases.
Anti-inflammatory activity of Nelsonia canescens (Lam)Spreng. root in albino rats.
Authors: Mohaddesi Behzad , Ashok BK , Acharya Rabinarayan , Shukla Vinay J
Published: March 2022

Nelsonia canescens (Lam).Spreng. from Acanthaceae family is traditionally known as Bada-rasna in the western part of Odisha, India. Ethnic people use root of this plant for its anti-inflammatory properties in the name of Rasna, a well known Ayurvedic analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. Hence, present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of the root powder of Nelsonia canescens (Lam).Spreng. In this study two dose levels selected (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg) from root powder of Nelsonia canescens for evaluating the Acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar albino rats, using animal models of carrageenan-induced paw oedema, formaldehyde-induced hind paw oedema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation respectively. Both dose levels Therapeutic Equivalent Dose (TED) and TED×2 showed significant anti-inflammatory against chronic inflammation. In Carrageenan-induced paw oedema, treatment with Nelsonia canescens root at the TED dose level inhibited inflammation at marginal level, while at TED×2 did not show any impact. Furthermore, test drug at TED dose level significantly inhibited formalin induced paw oedema inflammation and interestingly, the effect was even better than result of standard drug. The study indicate that drug is having anti-inflammatory effect on animal models and According to results we can conclude that the root of Nelsonia canescens has an effect on sub-acute inflammation and mild to moderate effect against acute inflammation.
Earthquake Induced Displacement and living arrangements in Nepal
Authors: Khadka Samir
Published: March 2022

The article is based on the issues of IDPs in Nepal. Introduction of IDPs is the main focus of the article whereas it deals with the methodology and show the status of Nepal in the world. It is the quantitative descriptive types of study. The objective of the study is to identify the status of living arrangements, shelter sources of water and toilet facility of IDPs. The IDPs have the very poor situation of living arrangements. The government must take initiatives to protect the IDPs. And further research must be conducted in the issues of IDPs.