bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bioinspired Tilt Sensor Model with Adaptive Gain and Enhanced Sensitivity
Authors: Liu Lijun , Lei Ying
Published: April 2014

Although various types of tilt sensors have been proposed in the past decade, it is still essential to develop rugged, cheap, simple‐structured tilt sensors with wide measuring range and high sensitivities for efficient monitoring of infrastructures and early warning of natural disasters. It has been investigated that stereocilia in some fishes’ inner ear organs are the basic sensory units of nature’s inertial sensors and are highly sensitive over broad dynamic range because of a combination of adaptation and negative stiffness mechanisms. In this paper, a bioinspired tilt sensor model is proposed that mimics the mechanism of stereocilia in adaptive signal amplification to mechanical stimuli, leading to high sensitivity to weak input and low sensitivity to high input, thus expanding the dynamic range through adaptive amplification. The negative stiffness mechanism is implemented by magnet forces. The tilt motion is measured by the strain gauge at the end of the flexible cantilever beam element in the model. Measurements of both static and dynamics tilt motion are investigated. Numerical simulation results are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model for the measurements of tilt motions with adaptive amplification and enhanced sensitivity.
Neurological Effects of Honey: Current and Future Prospects
Authors: Mijanur Rahman Mohammad , Gan Siew Hua , Khalil Md. Ibrahim
Published: April 2014

Honey is the only insect‐derived natural product with therapeutic, traditional, spiritual, nutritional, cosmetic, and industrial value. In addition to having excellent nutritional value, honey is a good source of physiologically active natural compounds, such as polyphenols. Unfortunately, there are very few current research projects investigating the nootropic and neuropharmacological effects of honey, and these are still in their early stages. Raw honey possesses nootropic effects, such as memory‐enhancing effects, as well as neuropharmacological activities, such as anxiolytic, antinociceptive, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant activities. Research suggests that the polyphenol constituents of honey can quench biological reactive oxygen species and counter oxidative stress while restoring the cellular antioxidant defense system. Honey polyphenols are also directly involved in apoptotic activities while attenuating microglia‐induced neuroinflammation. Honey polyphenols are useful in improving memory deficits and can act at the molecular level. Therefore, the ultimate biochemical impact of honey on specific neurodegenerative diseases, apoptosis, necrosis, neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, and behavior‐modulating neural circuitry should be evaluated with appropriate mechanistic approaches using biochemical and molecular tools.
Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Coherent Sources via Sparse Bayesian Learning
Authors: Liu Zhang-Meng , Liu Zheng , Feng Dao-Wang , Huang Zhi-Tao
Published: April 2014

A spatial filtering-based relevance vector machine (RVM) is proposed in this paper to separate coherent sources and estimate their directions-of-arrival (DOA), with the filter parameters and DOA estimates initialized and refined via sparse Bayesian learning. The RVM is used to exploit the spatial sparsity of the incident signals and gain improved adaptability to much demanding scenarios, such as low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), limited snapshots, and spatially adjacent sources, and the spatial filters are introduced to enhance global convergence of the original RVM in the case of coherent sources. The proposed method adapts to arbitrary array geometry, and simulation results show that it surpasses the existing methods in DOA estimation performance.
Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Blank Generation in Glass Manufacturing
Authors: Phillips Raymond , Woolway Matthew , Fanucchi Dario , Ali M. Montaz
Published: April 2014

This paper discusses the stock size selection problem (Chambers and Dyson, 1976), which is of relevance in the float glass industry. Given a fixed integerN, generally between 2 and 6 (but potentially larger), we find theNbest sizes for intermediate stock from which to cut a roster of orders. An objective function is formulated with the purpose of minimizing wastage, and the problem is phrased as a combinatorial optimization problem involving the selection of columns of a cost matrix. Some bounds and heuristics are developed, and two exact algorithms (depth-first search and branch-and-bound) are applied to the problem, as well as one approximate algorithm (NOMAD). It is found that wastage reduces dramatically asNincreases, but this trend becomes less pronounced for larger values ofN(beyond 6 or 7). For typical values ofN, branch-and-bound is able to find the exact solution within a reasonable amount of time.
Fast Stability Indicating UPLC Method for Quantitative Analysis of Dronedarone in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form: Force Degradation Study
Authors: Dabhi Batuk , Jebaliya Hetal , Jadeja Yashwantsinh , Patel Madhavi , Shah Anamik , Karia Denish
Published: April 2014

A simple, precise, rapid reproducible, selective, and stability indicating reverse phase UPLC method has been developed for the estimation of dronedarone in pharmaceutical dosage form. Estimation of dronedarone hydrochloride was achieved on Acquity BEH C18 (100 mm*2.1 mm) 1.7 μm column using buffer [20 mM KH2PO4 + 1 mL Triethylamine (pH=2.5 by orthophosphoric acid)] and methanol in ratio of 40 : 60 as mobile phase at 30°C. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and effluents were monitored at 290 nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, and robustness. The method was linear over the concentration range 0.38–90 μg/mL (r2=0.999), with a limit of detection and quantification of 0.1 and 0.38 μg/mL, respectively. Dronedarone was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, dry heat degradation, and photo (sunlight) degradation. The degraded product peaks were well resolved from the drug peak with significant difference in their retention time value.
Review of Input Congestion Estimating Methods in DEA
Authors: Khodabakhshi Mohammad , Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Farhad , Aryavash Kourosh
Published: April 2014

Congestion is an economic phenomenon in the production process where excessive amounts of the input cause a reduction of the output. The motivation of this paper is to investigate and compare the methods provided for estimating congestion in the DEA literature.
Effect of Filler Content on the Performance of Epoxy/PTW Composites
Authors: Sudheer Mudradi , Prabhu Ravikantha , Raju Kandavalli , Bhat Thirumaleshwara
Published: April 2014

This paper presents the mechanical and tribological characteristics of potassium titanate whisker (PTW) reinforced epoxy composites. The effect of various test variables and material parameters on the friction and wear behavior of epoxy/PTW composites has been studied systematically. Tribological tests were conducted on a pin-on-disc apparatus under dry sliding conditions. Addition of PTW was found to improve the wear resistance of the composites and 15 wt% PTW filled epoxy exhibited lowest specific wear rate and highest friction coefficient compared to other test samples. PTW additions showed beneficiary effect on density, hardness, and stiffness properties of composites; however, strength properties and ductility were found to decrease with the increasing content of PTW. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tensile fractured surfaces and worn-out surfaces of selected samples revealed different fracture mechanisms.
Naja naja karachiensisEnvenomation: Biochemical Parameters for Cardiac, Liver, and Renal Damage along with Their Neutralization by Medicinal Plants
Authors: Asad Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin , Murtaza Ghulam , Ubaid Muhammad , Durr-e-Sabih  , Sajjad Ashif , Mehmood Rubada , Mahmood Qaisar , Ansari Muhammad Muzzmil , Karim Sabiha , Mehmood Zahid , Hussain Izhar
Published: April 2014

Naja naja karachiensisenvenomation was found to hit more drastically heart, liver, and kidneys. 400 μg/kg of venom-raised moderate serum levels of ALT (72±4.70 U/L,0.1>P>0.05), AST (157±24.24 U/L,0.1>P>0.05), urea (42±3.08 mg/dL,0.05>P>0.02), creatinine (1.74±0.03 mg/dL,0.01>P>0.001), CK-MB (21±1.5 U/L,0.05>P>0.02), and LDH (2064±15.98 U/L,P<0.001) were injected in experimental rabbits. However, lethality was enhanced with 800 μg/kg of venom in terms of significant release of ALT (86±5.0 U/L,0.05>P>0.02), AST (251±18.2 U/L,0.01>P>0.001), urea (57.6±3.84 mg/dL,0.02>P>0.01), creatinine (2.1±0.10 mg/dL,0.02>P>0.01), CK-MB (77±11.22 U/L,0.05>P>0.02), and LDH (2562±25.14 U/L,P≪0.001). Among twenty-eight tested medicinal plant extracts, onlyStenolobium stans(L.) Seem was found the best antivenom (P>0.5) compared to the efficacy of standard antidote (ALT=52.5±3.51 U/L, AST=69.5±18.55 U/L, urea=31.5±0.50 mg/dL, creatinine=1.08±0.02 mg/dL, CK-MB=09±0.85 U/L, and LDH=763±6.01 U/L). Other plant extracts were proved less beneficial and partly neutralized the toxicities posed by cobra venom. However, it is essential in future to isolate and characterize bioactive compound(s) fromStenolobium stans(L.) Seem extract to overcome the complications of snake bite.
Reproducing Kernel Method for Fractional Riccati Differential Equations
Authors: Li X. Y. , Wu B. Y. , Wang R. T.
Published: April 2014

This paper is devoted to a new numerical method for fractional Riccati differential equations. The method combines the reproducing kernel method and the quasilinearization technique. Its main advantage is that it can produce good approximations in a larger interval, rather than a local vicinity of the initial position. Numerical results are compared with some existing methods to show the accuracy and effectiveness of the present method.
Effects of Antisense Oligonucleotides against C-Reactive Protein on the Development of Atherosclerosis in WHHL Rabbits
Authors: Yu Qi , Liu Zhengcao , Waqar Ahmed Bilal , Ning Bo , Yang Xianghong , Shiomi Masashi , Graham Mark J. , Crooke Rosanne M. , Liu Enqi , Dong Sijun , Fan Jianglin
Published: April 2014

Increased plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, but whether CRP is directly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still under debate. Many controversial and contradictory results using transgenic mice and rabbits have been published but it is also unclear whether CRP lowering can be used for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In the current study, we examined the effects of the rabbit CRP antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) on the development of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits. CRP ASO treatment led to a significant reduction of plasma CRP levels; however, both aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions were not significantly changed compared to those of control WHHL rabbits. These results suggest that inhibition of plasma CRP does not affect the development of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits.
Discussion of the Improved Methods for Analyzing a Cantilever Beam Carrying a Tip-Mass under Base Excitation
Authors: Hongjin Wang , Qingfeng Meng , Wuwei Feng
Published: April 2014

Two improved analytical methods of calculations for natural frequencies and mode shapes of a uniform cantilever beam carrying a tip-mass under base excitation are presented based on forced vibration theory and the method of separation of variables, respectively. The cantilever model is simplified in detail by replacing the tip-mass with an equivalent inertial force and inertial moment acting at the free end of the cantilever based on D’Alembert’s principle. The concentrated equivalent inertial force and inertial moment are further represented as distributed loads using Dirac Delta Function. In this case, some typical natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cantilever model are calculated by the improved and unimproved analytical methods. The comparing results show that, after improvement, these two methods are in extremely good agreement with each other even the offset distance between the gravity center of the tip-mass and the attachment point is large. As further verification, the transient and steady displacement responses of the cantilever system under a sine base excitation are presented in which two improved methods are separately utilized. Finally, an experimental cantilever system is fabricated and the theoretical displacement responses are validated by the experimental measurements successfully.
Positive Solutions for Singularp-Laplacian Fractional Differential System with Integral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Wang Liping , Zhou Zongfu , Zhou Hui
Published: April 2014

This paper investigates the existence of positive solutions for a class of singularp-Laplacian fractional differential equations with integral boundary conditions. By using the Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem, the existence of at least three positive solutions to the boundary value system is guaranteed.
Vulnerability Analysis of Soft Caving Tunnel Support System and Surrounding Rock Optimal Control Technology Research
Authors: Ji Ming , Guo Hongjun , Zhang Yidong , Cheng Liang , Ji Yinlin
Published: April 2014

The vulnerability assessment model, composed by 11 vulnerability factors, is established with the introduction of the concept of “vulnerability” into the assessment of tunnel support system. Analytic hierarchy process is utilized to divide these 11 factors into human attributes and natural attributes, and define the weight of these factors for the model. The “vulnerability” applied io the assessment of the tunnel support system model is reached. The vulnerability assessment model was used for evaluating and modifying the haulage tunnel #3207 of Bo‐fang mine panel #2. The results decreased the vulnerability of the tunnel support system and demonstrated acceptable effects. Furthermore, the results show that the impact of human attributes on tunnel support systems is dramatic under the condition that natural attributes are permanent, and the “vulnerability” is exactly a notable factor to manifest the transformation during this process. The results also indicate that optimizing human attributes can attenuate vulnerability in tunnel support systems. As a result, enhancement of stability of tunnel support systems can be achieved.
Autologous T-cell Therapy for Cytomegalovirus as a Consolidative Treatment for Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Schuessler Andrea , Smith Corey , Beagley Leone , Boyle Glen M. , Rehan Sweera , Matthews Katherine , Jones Linda , Crough Tania , Dasari Vijayendra , Klein Kerenaftali , Smalley Amy , Alexander Hamish , Walker David G. , Khanna Rajiv
Published: May 2014

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive human brain malignancies. Even with optimal treatment, median survival is less than 6 months for patients with recurrent GBM. Immune-based therapies have the potential to improve patient outcome by supplementing standard treatment. Expression of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens in GBM tissues provides the unique opportunity to target viral antigens for GBM therapy. Here, we report findings of a formal clinical assessment of safety and potential clinical efficacy of autologous CMV-specific T-cell therapy as a consolidative treatment for recurrent GBM. From a total of 19 patients with recurrent GBM, CMV-specific T cells were successfully expanded from 13 patients (68.4%), 11 of whom received up to four T-cell infusions. Combination therapy based on T-cell infusion and chemotherapy was well tolerated, and we detected only minor adverse events. The overall survival of these patients since first recurrence ranged from 133 to 2,428 days, with a median overall survival of 403 days. Most importantly, 4 of 10 patients that completed the treatment remained progression free during the study period. Furthermore, molecular profiling of CMV-specific T-cell therapy from these patients revealed distinct gene expression signatures, which correlated with their clinical response. Our study suggests that a combination therapy with autologous CMV-specific T cells and chemotherapy is a safe novel treatment option and may offer clinical benefit for patients with recurrent GBM. Cancer Res; 74(13); 3466–76. ©2014 AACR.
Risk and Management of Intra-Abdominal Abscess in Crohn's Disease Treated with Infliximab
Authors: Yoneno Kazuaki , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Okamoto Susumu , Takayama Tetsuro , Ichikawa Riko , Sujino Tomohisa , Miyoshi Jun , Takabayashi Kaoru , Mikami Yohei , Mizuno Shinta , Wada Yasuyo , Yajima Tomoharu , Naganuma Makoto , Inoue Nagamu , Iwao Yasushi , Ogata Haruhiko , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Kitagawa Yuko , Hibi Toshifumi , Kanai Takanori
Published: May 2014

Background and Aims: Infliximab (IFX) is a monoclonal antibody used to treat patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Intra-abdominal abscess formation is a major complication of CD with negative effects on patient prognosis. We have analyzed risk factors for abscess formation in CD patients treated with IFX. Methods: CD patients who received IFX between January 2000 and April 2011 at Keio University Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Risk factors for abscess formation were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Intra-abdominal abscess was seen in 15 of 258 patients. Univariate analyses showed serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration at 14 weeks after initiation of IFX (p = 0.021), serum albumin concentration at week 0 (p = 0.022) and week 14 (p = 0.004), the presence of anal lesions (p = 0.036), progression of intestine deformation (p = 0.015) and early loss of response to IFX (p < 0.0001) to be risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that CRP concentration at 14 weeks [odds ratio (OR) 1.361] and loss of IFX response within 6 months (OR 5.361) were independent risk factors. Conclusions: Abscess formation should be suspected in patients with symptoms of CD recurrence during IFX therapy. Uncontrolled CRP concentration and early loss of response to IFX are risk factors.
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Comparison of Wide Local Excision with or without Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Akcan Alper , Öz A. Bahadır , Dogan Serap , Akgün Hülya , Akyüz Muhammet , Ok Engin , Gök Mustafa , Talih Tutkun
Published: May 2014

Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease of the breast with uncertain optimal treatment regimen. In this study, our purpose was to report our clinical experience with 74 IGM patients who were treated wide local excision with or without steroid therapy. Patients and Method: 74 cases diagnosed histologically as IGM were identified from surgical and pathological records between January 1995 and January 2012. Group 1 (surgery-only group) comprised 53 patients, and the 21 patients in group 2 were treated with corticosteroids prior to surgical treatment (steroid-and-surgery group). Results: Follow-up data were complete for 67 (91.7%) of the 73 patients. Recurrence developed in 4 (7.5%) patients in the surgery-only group, while there was no recurrence in the steroid-and-surgery group; the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.19). Conclusion: Systemic steroid therapy with surgical resection is the recommended first-line treatment strategy for IGM.
Vocalization in Dementia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yusupov Arkady , Galvin James E.
Published: April 2014

Background: Vocalizations are part of the spectrum of the ‘negative' behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). We describe a patient with moderate-stage mixed dementia of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease and a left orbitofrontal lesion exhibiting vocalization. The use of ‘redirection' has been demonstrated to be an effective nonpharmacological means of controlling BPSD, while reducing caregiver distress. Case Report: A 78-year-old right-handed African-American female presented with complaints of worsening memory and BPSD, causing significant caregiver distress. Throughout the evaluation, she constantly vocalized her son's name and made a continuous grunting noise, correlating with increased anxiety/agitation. We utilized a redirection technique, which achieved the immediate reduction of the vocalization symptoms. Caregiver psychoeducation was provided allowing them to use the redirection technique at home. Conclusions: In patients with dementia exhibiting negative symptoms of BPSD, using nonpharmacologic techniques (i.e. redirection) may be indicated. Psychotropic medications rarely address negative BPSD symptoms, while simultaneously decreasing patient's quality of life. Nonpharmacologic approaches are beneficial as first-line therapy for negative BPSD.
Protective Effects of Minocycline against Short-Term Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Brain
Authors: Aras Mustafa , Urfalı Boran , Serarslan Yurdal , Özgür Tümay , Ulutaş Kemal Türker , Urfalı Senem , Altaş Murat , Yılmaz Nebi
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of minocycline on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. The study was carried out on 24 male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-250 g, which were divided into three groups: (i) control (n = 8), (ii) I/R (n = 8) and (iii) I/R + minocycline (n = 8). Minocycline was administrated at a dose of 90 mg/kg p.o. to the I/R group 48, 24 and 1 h before ischemia. Following bilateral exposure of the common carotid arteries by anterior cervical dissection and separation of the vagus nerve, I/R injury was performed by occlusion. Following reperfusion, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels in the blood and brain tissue, and creatine kinase (CK), CK-BB, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and protein S100β levels in the blood were measured and the histopathological changes were monitored. Regarding histopathological evaluation, symptoms of degeneration were significantly improved in the I/R + minocycline group compared to the I/R-only group. Statistical analysis of the biochemical parameters revealed significant differences in MDA (p < 0.001), nitric oxide (p < 0.05), CK (p < 0.05) and CK-MB (p < 0.05) levels between the I/R + minocycline group and the I/R group. According to the literature, the effect of minocycline is firstly assessed by LDH, CK-MB, NSE and S-100β analysis in addition to antioxidant status and histopathological analysis.
Physiological Basis and Long-Term Clinical Outcome of Discordance Between Fractional Flow Reserve and Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve in Coronary Stenoses of Intermediate Severity
Authors: van de Hoef Tim P. , van Lavieren Martijn A. , Damman Peter , Delewi Ronak , Piek Martijn A. , Chamuleau Steven A.J. , Voskuil Michiel , Henriques José P.S. , Koch Karel T. , de Winter Robbert J. , Spaan Jos A.E. , Siebes Maria , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Meuwissen Martijn , Piek Jan J.
Published: April 2014

Background—

Discordance between fractional flow reserve (FFR) and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) may reflect important coronary pathophysiology but usually remains unnoticed in clinical practice. We evaluated the physiological basis and clinical outcome associated with FFR/CFVR discordance.

Methods and Results—

We studied 157 intermediate coronary stenoses in 157 patients, evaluated by FFR and CFVR between April 1997 and September 2006 in which revascularization was deferred. Long-term follow-up was performed to document the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events: cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization. Discordance between FFR and CFVR occurred in 31% and 37% of stenoses at the 0.75, and 0.80 FFR cut-off value, respectively, and was characterized by microvascular resistances during basal and hyperemic conditions. Follow-up duration amounted to 11.7 years (Q1–Q3, 9.9–13.3 years). Compared with concordant normal results of FFR and CFVR, a normal FFR with an abnormal CFVR was associated with significantly increased major adverse cardiac events rate throughout 10 years of follow-up, regardless of the FFR cut-off applied. In contrast, an abnormal FFR with a normal CFVR was associated with equivalent clinical outcome compared with concordant normal results: ≤3 years when FFR <0.75 was depicted abnormal and throughout 10 years of follow-up when FFR ≤0.80 was depicted abnormal.

Conclusions—

Discordance of CFVR with FFR originates from the involvement of the coronary microvasculature. Importantly, the risk for major adverse cardiac events associated with FFR/CFVR discordance is mainly attributable to stenoses where CFVR is abnormal. This emphasizes the requirement of intracoronary flow assessment in addition to coronary pressure for optimal risk stratification in stable coronary artery disease.
A Walk in the Woods: Investigating Ethical Design, Ubiquitous Computing and Social Media
Authors: Polli Andrea
Published: April 2014

This paper will examine what has been learned through three years of research by an interdisciplinary university laboratory investigating ethical design and media. The University of New Mexico’s Social Media Workgroup (SMW) is an environment in which faculty, undergraduate and graduate students, and outside experts work in interdisciplinary collaborative teams to design and develop a wide variety of media tools, assets and events including the large-scale projection work Particle Falls visualizing real-time air quality in San Jose, California, and a permanent public work at the University of Utah, E-Oculus.
Platonic Power and Political Realism
Authors: Wallach John R.
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Despite often being condemned for having a paradigmatically unrealistic or dangerous conception of power, Plato expends much effort in constructing his distinctive conception of power. In the wake of Socrates’ trial and execution, Plato writes (in Gorgias and Republic I) about conventional (Polus’, Polemarchus’), elitist (Callicles’), and radically unethical (Thrasymachus’) conceptions of power only to ‘refute’ them on behalf of a favoured conception of power allied with justice. Are his arguments as pathetic or wrong-headed as many theorists make them out to be – from Machiavelli to contemporary political realists, from ‘political’ critics of Plato ranging from Popper to Arendt? And if not, has our understanding of power been impoverished? This question has been surprisingly unasked, and it is one I address by asking Plato and his critics: What are the dialectical moves Plato makes in refuting Socrates’s opponents and constructing his own conception of legitimate (i.e., just) power? Exactly how does he interweave his conception of power with a kind of ethics? How does it compare to recent conceptions of political realism and the power-politics/ethics relationship – e.g., after Marx and Foucault? While addressing these questions I also attend to the issue of Plato’s historicity: to what extent do the limits of his language and world affect our reading of Plato and his political critics? Ultimately, I argue that and how Plato’s conception of power and its political dimensions realistically have much to teach us that we have not learned.
Patterns of diversity and gaps in vascular (hemi-)epiphyte flora of Southwestern Amazonia
Authors: OBERMULLER FLÁVIO A. , FREITAS LEANDRO , DALY DOUGLAS C. , SILVEIRA MARCOS
Published: April 2014

Vascular epiphytes are common in tropical forests and represent a considerable part of the biodiversity in Southwestern Amazonia. The aim of this study was to determine the floristic composition, patterns of species richness, and geographical distribution and knowledge gaps (collection effort) of the epiphytic vascular flora of the Brazilian State of Acre. We analyzed the database of the Flora of Acre and found a total of 331 species and 32 families of angiosperms and ferns. Almost half of the epiphytic flora of Acre (48% of species) occurs only in Northern Brazil. Of the total species, 56% are restricted to Amazonia. The distribution of the number of collections of epiphytes is concentrated in a few locations in the state and there is a positive correlation between the number of collections of epiphytes and the general index of collection density. The low and unequal sampling effort of epiphytes across the State, the high proportion of specimens identified at best to genus, and the still steep species/sampling curve indicates that the true diversity of epiphytes in Southwestern Amazonia is expressively higher than recorded thus far. This highlights the need for efforts specifically focused on documenting under-represented taxonomic groups as well as more thorough inventory of the canopy flora in this region of Amazonia.
New combinations in the genus Goeppertia (Marantaceae)
Authors: BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO ALVARENGA
Published: May 2014

Calathea basiflora , C. rhizanthoides and C. peregrina were recently described for the Flora of Panama and because the majority of the species of Calathea are now placed in Goeppertia, the combinations for these species are hereby provided.
Typification, morphological characterization and distribution of Knautia gussonei (Caprifoliaceae)
Authors: BARTOLUCCI FABRIZIO , CONTI FABIO
Published: May 2014

Knautia gussonei is a species endemic to central Italy, described by Szabó and was based on a herbarium specimen collected by Gussone in Abruzzo. This species was long neglected or misinterpreted by Italian botanists and confused with K. drymeia subsp. centrifrons. Accordingly, to correct the application of this name, a specimen collected by Gussone in Abruzzo and kept in NAP is designated here as the lectotype. For K. gussonei a detailed morphological description and information about habitat, phenology and distribution are provided. Furthermore, morphological comparison between K. gussonei and K. drymeia subsp. centrifrons is provided.
Forging a linguistic identity in the age of the Internet
Authors: Danesi Marcel
Published: April 2014

Today, computer-mediated communication (CMC) has made written communication a prevalent form of daily interaction through e-mails, Facebook, Twitter, text messages and the like. As a consequence, languages (written and spoken) seem to be shaped more and more by the modalities of digital media and of an ‘instant communication response’ culture. Linguistic identity, or the use of language to portray oneself as part of a community, is being shaped as well by the same modalities. Traditionally, the way individuals and communities used specific forms of language in face-to-face (F2F) situations shaped perceptions of identity (personal and communal). Now, the question can be asked: Are these changing in the age of the Internet, when CMC has extended the concept of community in a global way? This article will look at this question as it concerns linguistic identity in Italy, assessing its implications in the light of the traditional sociolinguistic study of language as a conveyor of identity.
Psychometric Properties of the Oral Health Impact Profile and New Methodological Approach
Authors: Zucoloto M.L. , Maroco J. , Campos J.A.D.B.
Published: April 2014

Objective: Evaluate the validity, reliability, and factorial invariance of the complete Portuguese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and its short version (OHIP-14). Methods: A total of 1,162 adults enrolled in the Faculty of Dentistry of Araraquara/UNESP participated in the study; 73.1% were women; and the mean age was 40.7 ± 16.3 yr. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis, where χ2/ df, comparative fit index, goodness of fit index, and root mean square error of approximation were used as indices of goodness of fit. The convergent validity was judged from the average variance extracted and the composite reliability, and the internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach standardized alpha. The stability of the models was evaluated by multigroup analysis in independent samples (test and validation) and between users and nonusers of dental prosthesis. Results: We found best-fitting models for the OHIP-14 and among dental prosthesis users. The convergent validity was below adequate values for the factors “functional limitation” and “physical pain” for the complete version and for the factors “functional limitation” and “psychological discomfort” for the OHIP-14. Values of composite reliability and internal consistency were below adequate in the OHIP-14 for the factors “functional limitation” and “psychological discomfort.” We detected strong invariance between test and validation samples of the full version and weak invariance for OHIP-14. The models for users and nonusers of dental prosthesis were not invariant for both versions. Conclusion: The reduced version of the OHIP was parsimonious, reliable, and valid to capture the construct “impact of oral health on quality of life,” which was more pronounced in prosthesis users.
Making the Grade and Staying Engaged
Authors: Troisi Jordan D.
Published: April 2014

The use of student management teams (SMTs) is a relatively new teaching technique designed to increase the quality of college courses and student performance and engagement within those courses. However, to date, little systematic, empirical research has validated the effectiveness of using SMTs. To test the effectiveness of this technique, the current research utilized a pretest–posttest paradigm consisting of four total courses (two introduction to psychology courses taught by one professor and two educational psychology courses taught by another professor). In one of each of these course types, the professor implemented an SMT (the other course of that type served as a control comparison). Results revealed that members of the SMTs performed better in their courses, increased their course engagement, and this increase in course engagement mediated the link between SMT membership and course performance. Implications for the further study and use of SMTs are discussed.
Undergraduate Psychology’s Scientific Identity Dilemma
Authors: Holmes Jeffrey D.
Published: April 2014

Could the same interests that draw many students to psychology also predict departure from the major? I present a comparison of students and instructors with respect to professional interests and views of the scientific nature of psychology (Study 1) and an examination of the link between student interests and persistence in the major (Study 2). Instructors more than students tend to view psychology as scientific, instructors report greater scientist interests whereas students are more interested in practitioner activities, and students with the greatest interest in practitioner activities are actually at increased risk of changing majors. Psychology departments may need to find a curricular balance between scientific emphasis and student satisfaction.
The What, Why, When, and How of Teaching the Science of Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Diener Ed , Scollon Christie Napa
Published: April 2014

The field of subjective well-being (SWB), or happiness, has become a thriving area of science, with over 10,000 publications per year on the topic in recent years. Discoveries about the causes and processes involved in SWB range widely, from culture to biology to circumstances, providing instructors an opportunity to draw broadly on concepts from psychology. New research shows that high SWB not only feels good but is also good for one’s health and social relationships. In addition to providing a platform for discussions about what constitutes a life well-lived, teaching about SWB is an excellent opportunity to emphasize scientific research and to dispel misconceptions. Besides traditional lectures, the area offers opportunities for learning exercises and self-exploration.
A novel ultrasonic ranging method used for single station indoor GPS
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhu Jigui , Yang Linghui , Shen Mengting , Xue Bin , Liu Zhexu
Published: April 2014

Indoor GPS is one of the most popular positioning systems own to its high accuracy, real-time characteristics and multi-task management. In order to simplify the calibration process and extend its application, a single station model was presented recently. This paper proposes a novel ultrasonic ranging method used for the single station model. The traditional high-accuracy ultrasonic ranging method mainly uses a phase detection method by transmitting a multiple-frequency continuous wave. However, this method requires high accuracy of the phase detector and is still limited to small-scale application as a result of applying a continuous wave. Based on the constant time difference between the corresponding zero-cross points, this paper proposes a novel two-frequency pulse wave method, which can estimate the time of flight using the time differences between two received waves. Then a least squares estimation is used to eliminate random errors. Finally, an ultrasonic ranging experiment was conducted to validate its feasibility and stability.
Combined pole assignment and mean value engine model multivariable decoupling control
Authors: Titi Sufian Ishaq , Taylor C James
Published: April 2014

This article considers a combined pole assignment and multivariable decoupling control algorithm using discrete-time, non-minimum state space (NMSS) methods. In contrast to earlier research based on low-order linear models, the approach is applied to a nonlinear mean value internal combustion engine model with three control inputs, namely the throttle plate angle, injected fuel mass flow and spark advance angle. The controlled outputs are the air mass flow pressure, crank shaft speed and air–fuel ratio (AFR). It is well known that, for example, regulating the AFR to the stoichiometric value (i.e. [Formula: see text]) leads to a desirable balance between power output and fuel consumption, while reducing pollutant emissions. In this regard, the linear NMSS approach is straightforward to design for a range of performance requirements and yields comparable results to a more complex benchmark sliding mode control system. Furthermore, it retains a similar implementation structure to current production units, which are typically based on conventional proportional-integral compensation. The robustness to changing operating levels and disturbances, including an air leakage signal, are evaluated in simulation.
Beyond Self-Protection
Authors: Nelson S. Katherine , Fuller Joshua A. K. , Choi Incheol , Lyubomirsky Sonja
Published: April 2014

Limited work has examined how self-affirmation might lead to positive outcomes beyond the maintenance of a favorable self-image. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted two studies in two cultures to establish the benefits of self-affirmation for psychological well-being. In Study 1, South Korean participants who affirmed their values for 2 weeks showed increased eudaimonic well-being (need satisfaction, meaning, and flow) relative to control participants. In Study 2, U.S. participants performed a self-affirmation activity for 4 weeks. Extending Study 1, after 2 weeks, self-affirmation led both to increased eudaimonic well-being and hedonic well-being (affect balance). By 4 weeks, however, these effects were non-linear, and the increases in affect balance were only present for vulnerable participants—those initially low in eudaimonic well-being. In sum, the benefits of self-affirmation appear to extend beyond self-protection to include two types of well-being.
Health of Elderly Mexican American Adults and Family Caregiver Distress
Authors: Rote Sunshine , Angel Jacqueline L. , Markides Kyriakos
Published: April 2014

Using newly available data on family caregivers from a large epidemiological study of elderly Mexican-origin adults (Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly [HEPESE], 2010/2011), we identify which types of impairment (functional, psychological, and cognitive) in the elderly individual are associated with family caregiver depressive symptoms. Results from ordinary least squares regressions using 626 caregiver–care recipient dyads demonstrate that more severe mobility limitations (Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment), social disability (instrumental activities of daily living), neuropsychiatric disturbances related to cognitive decline (Neuropsychiatric Inventory), and depressive symptoms in the elderly subject are positively associated with caregiver psychological distress. Perceived social stress partially accounts for these associations. We also identify certain segments of this caregiver population that are especially vulnerable to burden when caring for a family member with high levels of impairment, namely female and low-income caregivers. These vulnerabilities should be the focus of intervention efforts to reduce stress and improve the emotional and psychological well-being of Mexican-origin caregivers.
Charting the transformation of library and information services
Authors: Dick Archie L
Published: April 2014

A charter cannot transform library and information services without political champions, public pressure, norms and standards, legislation, and a transformed mind-set.
Development without a metropolis: Inspiration for non-metropolitan support practices from Denmark
Authors: Monsson Christian Kjær
Published: April 2014

A current discussion on the regional sciences revolves around how the economic development of non-metropolitan regions can be promoted. Inspiration may be derived from examining how practitioners operating in such regions embrace these challenges in their efforts to support business growth. For this purpose, the paper presents a case study of a regional development agency working with business support in a non-metropolitan region in Denmark. The case study demonstrates that a regional development agency can develop successful and alternative models for business support that are sometimes contrary to the universal advice replete in some types of place-based development guidelines and literature. The paper consequently formulates propositions about beneficial practices for the development of non-metropolitan territories. The essence of these is that non-metropolitan regions can benefit from initiatives focusing on the management capabilities of a broad set of regional companies rather than pursuing industry-specific ‘smart’ specialisation strategies. These initiatives can include alternative models for learning and knowledge development based on shared challenges rather than industrial relatedness.
Terminal cancer patients’ and their primary caregivers’ attitudes toward hospice/palliative care and their effects on actual utilization: A prospective cohort study
Authors: An Ah Reum , Lee June-Koo , Yun Young Ho , Heo Dae Seog
Published: April 2014

Background:

Previous studies on hospice/palliative care indicated that patients’ socio-demographic factors, disease status, and availability of health-care resources were associated with hospice/palliative care utilization. However, the impact of family caregivers on hospice/palliative care utilization has not been thoroughly investigated.

Aim:

To evaluate the association between attitudes toward hospice/palliative care of both patients with terminal cancer (defined as progressive, advanced cancer in which the patient will die within months) and their family caregivers and utilization of inpatient hospice/palliative care facilities.

Design:

A prospective observational cohort study was performed in 12 hospitals in South Korea. Attitude toward hospice/palliative care was assessed immediately after terminal cancer diagnosis. After the patient’s death, caregivers were interviewed whether they utilized hospice/palliative care facilities.

Participants:

A total of 359 patient–caregiver dyads completed baseline questionnaires. After the patients’ death, 257 caregivers were interviewed.

Results:

At the baseline questionnaire, 137/359 (38.2%) patients and 185/359 (51.5%) of caregivers preferred hospice/palliative care. Preference for hospice/palliative care was associated with awareness of terminal status among both patients (adjusted odds ratio: 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–3.03) and caregivers (adjusted odds ratio: 2.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–3.81). Religion, metastasis, and poor performance status were also independently associated with patient preference for hospice/palliative care. At the post-bereavement interview, 104/257 (40.5%) caregivers responded that they utilized hospice/palliative care facilities. Caregiver’s preferences for hospice/palliative care were significantly associated with actual utilization (adjusted odds ratio: 2.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.53–4.67). No patient-related factors were associated with hospice/palliative care utilization.

Conclusion:

Promoting awareness of prognosis and to improve communication between doctors and families is important for facilitating the use of hospice/palliative care.
Effect of individualized exercise during maintenance haemodialysis on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in patients with uraemia
Authors: Wu Yongyao , He Qiang , Yin Xiaohong , He Qien , Cao Shengsheng , Ying Guanghui
Published: April 2014

Objective

To investigate the effect of individualized exercise on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in uraemic patients during maintenance haemodialysis (MHD).

Methods

Patients receiving MHD were divided randomly into a test group, who underwent recumbent cycling exercise during dialysis, and a control group, who performed simple stretching exercises. The same dialysis protocol was used for all study participants. At study start and after 12 weeks, exercise capacity was measured using tests of physical ability; HRQoL was measured using the kidney disease quality of life score (KDQOL-SF™).

Results

A total of 65 patients were included in the study: 33 in the control group and 32 in the test group. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the two groups at baseline. After 12 weeks, there were significant improvements in exercise capacity and in many of the items of the KDQOL-SF™ in the test group compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Individualized exercise during MHD significantly improved the exercise capacity and HRQoL for uraemic patients within a short time period, and could therefore be used as a simple, cost-effective therapeutic approach.
The effect of health education in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wan Li , Wang Xueqiang
Published: April 2014

Objective

To assess the value of health education (active management and postural hygiene) over and above exercise alone, in patients with chronic low back pain.

Methods

Adults (aged 18–30 years) with low back pain of ≥3 months’ duration were randomized to undergo a 12-week programme of lumbar strengthening exercise and health education or exercise alone. Pain, disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI), static and dynamic muscle endurance, and health-related quality-of-life (short form-36, SF-36) were assessed at baseline and after completion of treatment.

Results

At the end of the 12-week intervention period, pain, disability, SF-36 physical component and SF-36 mental component were significantly better in the health education group ( n = 25) than in the control group ( n = 24). There were no significant between-group differences in static or dynamic endurance.

Conclusion

Health education provides additional benefits to exercise alone for improving pain, disability and mental and physical health-related quality-of-life.