bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guía de práctica clínica para el tamizaje, diagnóstico y tratamiento inicial de cáncer de próstata localizado y localmente avanzado en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud)
Authors: Cuentas-Jara Mariano , Goicochea-Lugo Sergio , Delgado-Flores Carolina J. , Romero-Robles Milton A. , Taype-Rondan Alvaro , Cordier-Mariaca Abel , Velarde-Ponce Alberto , Romero-Pineda Atilio , Livano-Yberico Teofilo , Cuevas-Muñoz Nelson , Broncano-Huasasquiche Oswaldo , Salvador-Salvador Stefany , Santos-Sánchez Vladimir , Carrera-Acosta Lourdes , Garavito-Farro Héctor
Published: November 2021

Introducción: El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el tamizaje, diagnóstico, y tratamiento inicial del cáncer de próstata localizado y localmente avanzado en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el tamizaje, diagnóstico, y tratamiento inicial de adultos con cáncer de próstata localizado y localmente avanzado en EsSalud. Material y Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos, el cual formuló preguntas clínicas. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y –cuando fue considerado pertinente– estudios primarios en PubMed durante el 2020 y 2021. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. Se evaluó la certeza de evidencia usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones. La GPC fue revisada por expertos externos antes de su aprobación. Resultados: La GPC abordó 06 preguntas clínicas, divididas en 03 temas: tamizaje, diagnóstico, y tratamiento inicial. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 08 recomendaciones (04 fuertes y 04 condicionales), 10 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y 04 flujogramas. Conclusión: Se emitieron recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para el manejo de pacientes con esta patología..
La urolitiasis y opciones de tratamiento en un país de latinoamérica
Authors: Vásquez-Sullca Roy R. , Ballena-Castillo Jorge L. , Pereyra-Velásquez Wilson
Published: November 2021

Carta al Editor (sin resumen)
Socio-Emotional and Academic Learning Before and After COVID-19 School Closures: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Bayley Stephen , Wole Meshesha Darge , Ramchandani Paul , Rose Pauline , Woldehanna Tassew , Yorke Louise
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the findings of research undertaken in Ethiopia to examine the effects of COVID-19 school closures on children’s holistic learning, including both socio-emotional and academic learning. It draws on data collected in 2019 (prior to the pandemic) and 2021 (after schools reopened) to compare primary pupils’ learning before and after the school closures. In particular, the study adapts self-reporting scales that have been used in related contexts to measure Grade 3 and 6 children’s social skills, self-efficacy, emotional regulation and mental health and wellbeing, along with literacy and numeracy. Lesson observations were also undertaken to explore teachers’ behaviours to foster socio-emotional learning (SEL) in the classroom. The findings advance current knowledge in several respects. First, they quantify the decline in Ethiopian pupils’ social skills over the period of the school closures. Second, they identify a significant and strong relationship between learners’ social skills and their numeracy, even after taking other factors into account. Third, they reveal a significant association between children’s social skills and their mental health and wellbeing, highlighting the importance of interpersonal interactions to safeguard children’s holistic welfare. The paper concludes by proposing a model for understanding the relationship between learners’ SEL and academic outcomes, and with recommendations for education planning and practice, in Ethiopia and elsewhere.
Innovation Methodologies for Defence Challenges: On Design Thinking and Organic Approaches
Authors: Jobbágy Zoltán
Published: November 2021

It is a commonplace to state that the operational environment is inherently complex. In such a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous, or in short VUCA, environment traditional approaches to plan, prepare and execute missions are no longer applicable. VUCA environment features challenges and problems that can be either tame or wicked. A tame problem is linear in nature and yield to engineering approaches. It is decomposable into parts and solvable through a chain of causal assumptions. The bulk of problems, however, posed by the VUCA environment is wicked and not amenable to linear solutions. These problems require design thinking that is a novel approach. Design thinking is a conceptual tool to deliver non-linear solutions by taking advantage of right-brain creative thinking and left-brain analytical thinking. If applied properly, design thinking can make the best of both worlds.
Effects of Social Media on Security-Agenda Setting in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Wanja Samuel Wanjema , Muna Wilson
Published: November 2021

Social Media (SM), its reach, impact, and potential in a globalized world are no longer contested; it has affected people’s lives, regarding its use and misuse. Groups of gangsters, terrorist associations, non-state actors with bad intentions and rebellious including Gaza, Al-Shabaab, routinely utilize social media websites like Facebook, Twitter Instagram, and WhatsApp to disseminate propaganda, recruit and inspire their sympathizers as well as instill fear in the members of the public and claim their terrorist attacks. This study aimed to identify the effects of social media on security agenda setting to introducing new technologies for use by the security agents to enhance and improve security. It was informed by Agenda-setting Theory and Technological determinism to help see how technology has affected human activity and thought. The study was conducted in Nairobi City County on social media users and security agents. The researcher used a descriptive research plan. The validity test was conducted through a pilot study and specialists’ judgment and reliability through test-retest strategy. The data was gathered using semi-organized surveys and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative information was examined through descriptive statistics which incorporates; frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation among others. Qualitative information was be analyzed using themes. The findings show that social media has a significant influence on security agenda setting in Nairobi City County. Different social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and WhatsApp play a significant role in the spread of information and fight against crime in Nairobi County. They help in mobilization, data gathering, and analysis. Their contribution is affirmed by inferential analysis outcome, which shows that both dependent and independent variables are positively and significantly related. The study recommends the DCI’s office, through the ICT ministry, County government, and National government to reduce chances of youth recruitment by criminal organizations via social media by using different platforms, such as Facebook to learn much about gang affiliations and identify whether their comments or pictures shared are meant to attract or convince unsuspecting people. A similar approach can be applied by law enforcers within Nairobi County to reduce cases of youth recruitment through social media by criminal organizations. The government is also recommended to prevent such social media mobilization that spreads false information by enforcing criminal sanctions and hefty penalties for any offenses or suspected spread of information that can trigger insecurity within the scope area.
Collezioni cartografiche e digital humanities per una nuova fruizione del patrimonio: il caso della Biblioteca Estense Universitaria di Modena
Authors: Belotti Sara
Published: November 2021

Digital humanities is an emerging discipline that has become increasingly popular in recent years, thanks to the implementation of numerous projects that aim at a dynamic dialogue between digital technologies and humanistic research. This is the scope of the project launched by the Biblioteca Estense Universitaria (BEU) di Modena in 2017, which, in collaboration with the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, included the study, cataloguing and digitization of the cartographic collection, along with the music collection and the Muratorian collection. This project led to the creation of a digital library, inaugurated in June 2020, which not only allowed the enhancement of the cartographic collection, still little known, and to make it available, albeit only virtually, to scholars, but also led to the adoption of the IIIF protocol that allows to compare, edit, annotate and share the documents of the Este collection and collections that participate in the same circuit, providing new useful tools for research. In this context, the contribution, starting from the presentation of the Estense Digital Library project, presents the cartographic collection of the BEU and offers a reflection on the potential that the new digital media provide for the study of cartography and, more broadly, of heritage in the digital age.
emigranti italiani tra confini e paesaggi di confine
Authors: Cristaldi Flavia
Published: November 2021

In recent years a lot has been written about foreign migration in Italy, about the crossing of invisible borders that become liquid in the Mediterranean Sea, about the policies of exclusion that make Europe a fortress, about the narratives expressed by migrants and others actors who inform civil society of passages and invasions, less has been written on the crossing of borders by Italian emigrants. In this paper we want to analyze the relationship that has developed with borders by Italian emigrants, the role that these delimitations have assumed in the rhythms of life and socio-economic practices in the different national realities of the time, the importance of living on either side of a border in relation to being a desired or unwanted migrant and the representation of borders at the basis of some stereotypes, because borders, in the intertwining of their temporal, spatial and symbolic dimensions, have given life to numerous phenomena of differential inclusion.
Anton’s Syndrome in Occipital Lobe Infarction
Authors: Mehmood Khalid , Aftab Sabeen , Butt Nauman Ismat , Ashfaque Fahmina , Khan Aniqa Anser
Published: November 2021

Anton's syndrome implies the situation when affected patient contradicts blindness in spite of objective documentation of loss of vision, and often confabulate to assert their bearing. It is an infrequent sequel of cortical blindness affecting both occipital cortex and other cortical centers, while patients genuinely act as if they are sighted. Our case report is of a lady, 55 years old, who presented to us with history of uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension and visual loss as a consequence of occipital lobe infarction bilaterally. In patients with evidence of occipital lobe injury and atypical visual loss, an assessment for cortical blindness and Anton's syndrome must be included. Anton's syndrome is most frequently caused by cerebrovascular disease. Any condition that causes cortical blindness may, however, lead to Anton's syndrome. Improvement in visual function after occipital lobe infarction due to cerebrovascular events is limited. Therefore, the management should be focused on rehabilitation and secondaryprevention.

Keywords:  Anton’s syndrome, Occipital lobe infarct, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension.
What to Choose for Trabeculectomy, 10/0 Nylon Monofilament or 8/0 Virgin Silk?
Authors: Shahid Erum , Fasih Uzma , Shaikh Arshad
Published: November 2021

Purpose:  To compare between 10/0 nylon monofilament and 8/0 virgin silk for conventional trabeculectomy in terms of rate of complications and bleb morphology.

Study Design:  Quasi experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study:  Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, from January 2017 to December 2018.

Methods:  Thirty six patients who underwent conventional trabeculectomy with 6 months follow-up were included. Trabeculectomy for congenital, neovascular, traumatic glaucoma, revised surgery and laser trabeculoplasty were excluded. In group A, scleral flap and conjunctiva were closed with 8/0 virgin silk and in group B, 10/0 nylon monofilament was used. Main outcome measure was complications.

Results:  Group A had 13 (36%) and group B had 23 (63.9%) patients. Mean age was 55.5 ± 10.69. Pre-operative Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 33.4 ± 6.3 and 33.5 ± 12 mm Hg in group A & B respectively. Postoperatively at 3rd month IOP was 16.8 in group A and 15.0 in group B (p = 0.24).Shallow Anterior chamber was in 53% (n = 7) patients with 8/0 silk and 13% (n = 3) patients with 10/0 nylon with p value of < 0.05. Seidel test was positive in 38% (n = 5) patients in group A (p < 0.01). Re-suturing was done in 38% (n = 5) patients in group A with a p-value (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:  Shallow anterior chamber, wound leak with positive seidel test and additional intervention for re-suturing were more common in group A than group B. Diffuse blebs were frequently seen with both suture materials. Suture material does not affect final intra ocular pressure and success of trabeculectomy.

Key Words:  Bleb, Trabeculectomy, 10/0 Nylon, 8/0 silk.
Educational and Postgraduate Study Opportunities, For an Ophthalmology Resident in Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Usama
Published: November 2021

Ophthalmology postgraduate training in Pakistan has undergone a significant reforms and modifications in the last one decade. There are currently two categories of ophthalmology postgraduate courses in Pakistan i.e. two year courses ofMCPS or DOMS and four year courses of FCPS or MS. Among these membership/ fellowship programs are offered by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan (CPSP) while Diplomas and Master degree programs are offered by the Medical Universities. PM&DC the former medical licensing body of Pakistan categorized two year postgraduate programs as level- and four year postgraduate programs as level-qualifications, which differ in scale of appointment and promotion preference. Recently Pakistan Medical Commission (PMC), the successor of PM&DC, has categorized postgraduate qualifications into additional, postgraduate and alternative qualifications.1

      A resident ophthalmologist after starting postgraduate (PG) training in ophthalmology can also avail additional opportunities besides continuing with the course in which he/she is admitted.
ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ В УДМУРТСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ
Authors: Чазова И.Ю. , Смирнов С.В.
Published: November 2021

В Российской Федерации идет процесс территориальных преобразований муниципальных образований. Цель преобразований – создание эффективной системы муниципального управления, позволяющей более оперативно решать вопросы местного значения. Территориальные преобразования связаны с появлением нового вида муниципального образования – муниципального округа. Создание муниципального округа – это фактически возврат к системе местного самоуправления, существовавшей до принятия в 2003 году Федерального закона № 131-ФЗ. В течение 2020 года законами 24 субъектов Российской Федерации было проведено 102 преобразования территорий муниципальных образований. Наблюдается тенденция снижения числа городских округов, муниципальных районов, сельских и городских поселений и увеличения количества муниципальных округов. Процесс территориальных преобразований затронул многие субъекты РФ, в том числе изменения произошли и в Удмуртской Республике.
Объектом исследования являются социально-экономические, общественные и управленческие отношения в сфере территориальных преобразований на муниципальном уровне.
Предметом исследования является сущность территориального преобразования на муниципальном уровне, основные аспекты, методы, механизмы и этапы процесса преобразования территорий.
Цель исследования: анализ процесса территориальных преобразований муниципальных образований и его влияние на социально-экономическое развитие территории.
Методология исследования. Использовались общие и частные методы исследования. В рамках системного подхода применены методы анализа и сравнения, в рамках практической части использовались количественные методы сбора и обработки информации.
Результаты работы. В настоящее время практически во всех субъектах РФ наблюдается процесс территориального преобразования в целях повышения эффективности муниципального управления. Это вызвано неэффективностью и нецелесообразностью действующей двухуровневой системы местного самоуправления, которая исчерпала свой ресурс и стала обременительной для муниципальной и региональной бюджетной системы. Сельскими поселениями фактически утерян статус муниципального образования: отсутствуют основные признаки муниципального образования – наличие местного бюджета и муниципальной собственности, что не позволяет эффективно решать вопросы местного значения.
Выводы. В процессе преобразования территорий недопустимо отдаление власти от населения. Органы государственной власти субъектов РФ должны поддерживать процесс территориальных преобразований. Положительным эффектом от преобразования территорий муниципалитетов в Удмуртской Республике может стать создание системы экономически обоснованного, эффективного местного самоуправления за счет повышения ответственности глав и депутатов, эффективности использования бюджетных средств, укрепления кадрового потенциала органов местного самоуправления, объединения ресурсов территории.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ ТОРГОВОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Бекмурзаев И.Д. , Хажмурадова С.Д.
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию вопросов формирования эффективных концепций управления персоналом на торговых предприятиях. Рассмотрены теоретические и методические подходы к формированию концепций управления персоналом, задачи и основные принципы их реализации. Исследована специфика управления персоналом торгового предприятия. Рассмотрена схема концепции управления персоналом на торговом предприятии. Установлено, что одним из главных факторов, который обеспечивает повышение эффективности использования человеческих ресурсов в сфере торговли, является не только формирование и реализация, но и постоянное совершенствование концепции управления персоналом. Субъекты предпринимательской деятельности в торговой сфере могут успешно применять зарубежный опыт и адаптировать его к условиям отечественной бизнес-среды с использованием новых концептуальных основ управления персоналом. Предложены направления совершенствования формирования и реализации концепции управления персоналом торгового предприятия с применением современных персонал-технологий.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ СОБСТВЕННЫМИ ТОРГОВЫМИ МАРКАМИ РОЗНИЧНЫХ СЕТЕЙ
Authors: Закриева З.М. , Хажмурадова С.Д.
Published: November 2021

Целью статьи является исследование сущности торговых марок и их функций. На основе сравнительного анализа трактовок «торговая марка» и «бренд» уточнено содержание понятия «торговая марка торгового предприятия». По результатам обобщения существующих трактовок установлено, что торговая марка торгового предприятия является средством идентификации принадлежности товаров к определенной торговой сети и дифференциации торгового предприятия. Установлены сущностные характеристики торговых марок, в состав которых включены: принадлежность к розничной торговой сети, право собственности ретейлера на торговую марку, контрактное производство, исключительность продаж в магазинах сети, формирование определенной товарной, ценовой политики в отношении товаров торговой марки торговым предприятием. Основными функциями торговой марки является обеспечение ценовой конкуренции торгового предприятия, снижение зависимости от владельцев промышленных брендов, дифференцирование относительно конкурентов, завоевание лояльности потребителя.
ВЛИЯНИЕ РОССИИ НА ЭКОНОМИКУ И ГЕОПОЛИТИКУ МОНГОЛИИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Джабраилов Д.Х. , Джабраилова М.Х.
Published: November 2021

В статье проводится комплексный анализ экономических отношений России и Монголии на современном этапе. Исследуются динамика и структура торгового и инвестиционного взаимодействия стран. Установлено, что РФ по-прежнему остается одним из основных внешнеторговых партнеров Монголии, хотя роль российского фактора в монгольской экономике постепенно снижается за счет усиления роли Китая. Инвестиционное сотрудничество пока не получило должного развития, в том числе из-за сильной конкуренции со стороны третьих стран. Делается вывод о том, что нынешнее состояние экономического взаимодействия России и Монголии не соответствует как достигнутому уровню сотрудничества в политической сфере, так и имеющимся возможностям. Сохраняющееся позитивное отношение к России среди политической элиты и населения Монголии создает благоприятные условия для активизации взаимодействия двух стран. Хотя Россия состоит в хороших отношениях с монгольскими коллегами, справедливо отметить, что инициатива Китая «Один пояс и один путь» в долгосрочной перспективе способна вытеснить российское влияние на Монголию. В связи с этим России необходимо и впредь усиливать влияние на Монголию, чтобы сохранить её в качестве буфера против Китая.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫМ ИМУЩЕСТВОМ В ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЕГО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ
Authors: Яндарбаев Л.А. , Зухайраева З.С. , Дикаева Х.М.
Published: November 2021

В современных условиях устойчивое, гармоничное развитие государства определяется, в первую очередь, состоянием входящих в его состав крупных социально-экономических субъектов – регионов. В статье рассматривается система проектного управления, которая по исследованиям ученых экономистов является одним из методов управления государственным имуществом. Цель – в рамках данной статьи рассмотреть вопросы организации управления государственным имуществом на примере конкретного региона – Чеченской Республики. В результате работы сделаны выводы о том, что эффективность выполнения публичными органами своих функций по обеспечению экономического и социального развития субъекта РФ напрямую зависит от наличия у них соответствующего государственного имущества и качества управления им.
Description of the female of Witteulisna paraxena Volynkin (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: Volynkin Anton V.
Published: November 2021

The hitherto unknown female of Witteulisna paraxena Volynkin, 2020, the type species of the monotypic genus Witteulisna Volynkin, 2020 is described. Adults and female genitalia of W. paraxena and the similar taxa of the genera Teulisna Walker, 1862 and Thysanoptyx Hampson, 1894 are illustrated.
Students attitudes to and thoughts on natural and cultural heritage
Authors: Kuščević Dubravka
Published: November 2021

A nation’s cultural and natural heritage is the wealth of the people it belongs to and one of the key elements for the creation of national identity and affirmation in the process of globalization. The aim of our study was to examine the attitudes, knowledge and thoughts of primary and secondary school students related to natural and cultural heritage. A total of 322 respondents from primary and secondary schools in Split-Dalmatia County, Šibenik-Knin County, and Zagreb County participated in the research. Our results indicate that secondary school students show better knowledge of cultural and natural heritage of their homeland and a higher degree of interest in learning about these contents than students in the final grades of primary school. Moreover, secondary school students more than primary school students recognize the value of attaching importance to these topics within the work of educational institutions and in various school subjects. In addition, secondary school students expressed a greater awareness of the importance of preserving cultural heritage and its connection with the development of the economy and the preservation of national identity compared to primary school students. No differences were found among students in terms of the impact of cultural heritage on encouraging their creativity, but it was shown that more frequent visits to archaeological institutions were associated with a higher interest in heritage-related content.
Big Data at the Service of the Public Health Systems
Authors: Junior Carlos Anezio Ribeiro de Souza , Lemes Elezer M. B. , Boechat Nubia , Magalhaes Jorge Lima
Published: November 2021

The great differential of organizations has been the strategic innovation through the best way to manage existing knowledge. The management of information and knowledge generated in the health area is no different, as is the case with the pharmaceutical sector. The major challenge of public health research is to promote the use of scientific and technological knowledge produced in more effective health policy and action strategies in order to provide effective health gains. New technologies are promising tools to support public health management. The current scenario, in which the world has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, has reinforced this understanding. This chapter aims to highlight the importance of using big data tools to make public health policies more effective. Examples of successful cases in different areas of Brazilian public management will be presented, aiming to reinforce the relevance of these tools for public health systems.
House Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Using Machine Learning
Authors: Usharani Bhimavarapu
Published: November 2021

Hibiscus is a fantastic herb, and in Ayurveda, it is one of the most renowned herbs that have extraordinary healing properties. Hibiscus is rich in vitamin C, flavonoids, amino acids, mucilage fiber, moisture content, and antioxidants. Hibiscus can help with weight loss, cancer treatment, bacterial infections, fever, high blood pressure, lower body temperature, treat heart and nerve diseases. Automatic leaf disease detection is an essential task. Image processing is one of the popular techniques for the plant leaf disease detection and categorization. In this chapter, the diseased leaf is identified by concurrent k-means clustering algorithm and then features are extracted. Finally, reweighted KNN linear classification algorithms have been used to detect the diseased leaves categories.
A Comparative Study of Effects of 28-Day Exposure of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S on Body Weight Changes, Organ Histology, and Relative Organ Weight
Authors: Sharma Parul , Mandal Maloy B. , Katiyar Richa , Singh Surya Pratap , Birla Hareram
Published: November 2021

Context:

Bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disrupting chemical, is of widespread use in manufacturing of plastic products. Documenting ill health effects of BPA has led the plastic industrialists to replace BPA by its alleged safer alternative, bisphenol S (BPS). BPS belongs to the same chemical family and shares endocrine disrupting properties with BPA.

Aims:

We compared the effects of 28-day exposure of BPA and BPS on body weight changes, organ histology, and relative organ weight in rats. In addition, we detected BPA and BPS in the rat's blood serum.

Settings and Design:

Adult male albino rats were administered BPA (50 mg/kg/day) or BPS (50 mg/kg/day) or equivolume vehicle in different groups by oral gavage for 28 days.

Subjects and Methods:

The weight of each rat was noted at the commencement of the study and weekly afterward. On 29th day, the animals were sampled for whole blood and then sacrificed. The dissected out wet viscera were weighed and subjected to the standard protocol for histological examination. Serum samples were prepared and analyzed for the detection of BPA and BPS by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Paired and unpaired Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA test, and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons were used, as required for statistical analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Both BPA and BPS produced similar detrimental changes in body weight, histology of stomach, small intestine, lung, and kidney, and relative organ weight of lung and kidney. BPA and BPS detected in the serum of rats were nearly 45 times of the control.

Conclusions:

Present data suggest caution about the application of BPS as a substitute of BPA.
Acute nutritional optic neuropathy following bariatric surgery
Authors: Jesus Jeniffer , Soares Raquel , Matias Maria João , Miranda Vítor , Aguiar Catarina , Chibante-Pedro João
Published: November 2021

Given the increasing incidence of obesity, bariatric procedures are gaining attention during the past decades, being one of the most effective methods of long-term weight loss. Nutritional optic neuropathy (NON) following bariatric surgeries is a rare but devastating complication caused by a complete lack or inadequate supply of nutrients for the normal function of nerve fibers. We report a case of bilateral anterior NON after a Single Anastomosis Duodenoileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy, and present a review of the literature about neuro-ophthalmic complications associated with these procedures. Bariatric surgery may constitute an established risk factor for NON and both patient and physician have to be aware of the importance of closely monitoring vitamin depletions and neurologic and visual symptoms.
Measuring capabilities of zero-inflated processes
Authors: Pal Surajit , Gauri Susanta Kumar
Published: November 2021

The high-quality processes usually have more count of zeros than are expected under chance variation of its underlying Poisson or other count distribution. Therefore, these processes are usually referred to as zero-inflated processes. The zeroinflated processes are commonly modelled by zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) or zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) distribution. In a manufacturing set up, the evaluation of process capability index of a zero-inflated process can be useful in many ways, e.g. i) predicting how well the process will hold the specifications, ii) selecting between competing vendors, and iii) assisting product developers/designers in modifying the process, etc. However, researchers have given very little attentions on this aspect of zero-inflated processes. Only one such attempt is reported in literature. But, it does not always represent the true capabilities of zero-inflated processes, and sometimes it may give very misleading impression about the capability of the concerned process. In this article, the concept of Borges and Ho (2001) is applied to zero-inflated processes and a new approach for computation of process capability index of zero-inflated processes is developed. The proposed method reveals the true capabilities of zero-inflated processes consistently. Application of the proposed approach and its effectiveness are illustrated using two datasets published by past researchers.
Factors influencing adoption of improved cultivars of macadamia (Macadamia spp.) among small-scale farmers in Embu County, Kenya
Authors: Njiru Moses Muchangi , Mogaka Hezron Ruzungu , Ndirangu Samuel Njiiri , Gichimu Bernard Mukiri
Published: November 2021

The study investigated the factors influencing adoption of improved cultivars of macadamia (Macadamia spp.) among small-scale farmers in Embu County, Kenya. Data was collected from a sample of 384 small-scale farmers obtained through multistage sampling procedure in ten sub-locations. Binary Logit model was used to determine the effect of selected institutional and socio-economic factors on adoption of improved cultivars of macadamia. The results revealed that education level (wald=26.160), access to extension services (wald=6.246) and farm size (wald=4.271) had significant positive influence on adoption of improved cultivars of macadamia while age of the farmer (wald=5.235) and market distance (wald=5.519) had a negative influence on the same. There is need to encourage the youth to embrace macadamia farming and to develop smart marketing strategies to promote adoption of improved cultivars.
Evaluation of antioxidant activation by potential nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/Keap1 complex inhibitors
Authors: Almazari Inas Saleh , Elhayek Shada Youssef
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To investigate the binding affinities of forty-one (41) National Cancer Institute (NCI)-generated compounds, to the Nrf2 ligand, and possible activation of Nrf2 in the MCF-7 cell line.Methods: To investigate the inhibition of the Nrf2/Keap1 complex, the MCF-7 cell line was treated with each of the 41 compounds, at a working concentration of 30 μM. The extent of Nrf2 activation and corresponding Nrf2/Keap1 complex inhibition was evaluated in terms of Nrf2 expression and its antioxidant-associated enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), using western blotanalysis.Results: Twenty-nine compounds out of the 41 targeted compounds activated GCS, and some showed comparable or greater activation capacity than the standard Nrf2 activator tBHQ. To confirm that the activation of GCS was mediated via Nrf2 activation, cell lysates were tested for their Nrf2 protein expression, and it was found that Nrf2 was activated by the examined compounds for more than 24 h, indicating that the effect of the chosen compounds were not transient.Conclusion: These results might be useful for identifying better targets for cytoprotection, and for oxidative stress alleviation through Nrf2 pathway activation. Further studies are required on the effects of these targets on the prevention and treatment of various oxidative stress disorders, including cancer.
Impact of Approximate Implementation manner in Klobuchar Model
Authors: Aghyas Aljuneidi  , Hala Tawfek Hasan
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on the approximations that John A. Klobuchar made in mid 70s in his famous algorithm of ionospheric correction model for single frequency GPS receiver. At that time Klobuchar used a system of fixed geomagnetic north pole coordinates which are not accurate nowadays according to the International Geomagnetic Reference Field and to the World Magnetic Model because the geomagnetic poles move slowly. In addition, Klobuchar had to do other trigonometry simplifications in his implementation to avoid sophisticated computations. In order to evaluate this approximate implementation in a single frequency GPS receiver, ionospheric time and range delay are estimated on the entire day of January 1st 2010, using a different implementation in MATLAB. The required GPS data is obtained from recorded RINEX files at UDMC near DAMASCUS, SYRIA. In this comparative study, we reformulated the standard equations of Klobuchar model and examined the influence of its approximations on the ionospheric range delay and found a non- negligible bias in order of ten centimeters, whereas the influence of the movement of the geomagnetic poles was in order of few centimeters.
A hydrogeochemical approach to the characterization of low-enthalpy geothermal systems: the Scordia – Lentini graben (Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Gloria Maria Ristuccia  , Pietro Bonfanti  , Salvatore Giammanco
Published: November 2021

We describe the geochemical characteristics of groundwater samples collected in 23 water wells located on the northern margin of the Hyblean plateau (East Sicily). This area, mostly made of highly permeable carbonate rocks, is rich in low temperature (T < 50° C) hydrothermal groundwaters, distributed in an active sismogenetic zone, with several ENE-WSW-directed tectonic structures that drove magma to the surface during Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene. The chemical features suggest complex mixing between rainwater, CO2-rich groundwater, steam-heated groundwater and geothermal brines, as highlighted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Some parameters, however, indicate widespread pollution of the aquifers from human activities. Stable isotopes analysis confirms the meteoric origin of groundwater and supports the origin of dissolved CO2 mostly from mantle degassing through deep tectonic faults. Geothermometric estimates, mostly based on quartz and Saturation Indexes geothermometers, suggest minimum reservoir temperature between 100 and 120° C.
Earthquake dynamics constrained from laboratory experiments: new insights from granular materials
Authors: Andrea Bizzarri  , Alberto Petri  , Andrea Baldassarri
Published: November 2021

The traction evolution is a fundamental ingredient to model the dynamics of an earthquake rupture which ultimately controls, during the coseismic phase, the energy release, the stress redistribution and the consequent excitation of seismic waves. In the present paper we explore the use of the friction behavior derived from laboratory shear experiments performed on granular materials at low normal stress. We find that the rheological properties emerging from these laboratory experiments can not be described in terms of preexisting governing models already presented in literature; our results indicate that neither rate–and state–dependent friction laws nor nonlinear slip–dependent models, commonly adopted for modeling earthquake ruptures, are able to capture all the features of the experimental data. Then, by exploiting a novel numerical approach, we directly incorporate the laboratory data into a code to simulate the fully dynamic propagation of a 3–D slip failure. We demonstrate that the rheology of the granular material, imposed as fault boundary condition, is dynamically consistent. Indeed, it is able to reproduce the basic features of a crustal earthquake, spontaneously accelerating up to some terminal rupture speed, both sub– and supershear.
Diferencias en los homicidios de pareja cometidos por hombres y mujeres en demarcación de la Guardia Civil
Authors: Medina-Bueno Zaida , Santos-Hermoso Jorge , Quintana-Touza José Manuel
Published: November 2021

Los homicidios de pareja, especialmente los cometidos por hombres, han recibido especial atención tanto desde el ámbito social como académico. Pese a esto, son pocos los estudios que han abordado el estudio de las diferencias existentes entre los homicidios de parejas cometidos por hombres y mujeres, habiendo encontrado las investigaciones en este ámbito que existen diferencias importantes. En este trabajo se analizan 149 casos de homicidio de pareja cometidos por hombres (n = 134) y por mujeres (n = 15), registrados y esclarecidos por la Guardia Civil entre los años 2013 y 2018. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias significativas entre ambos tipos de homicidios y que las explicaciones reduccionistas no tienen cabida a la hora de explicar fenómenos tan complejos y multicausados como los homicidios de pareja, independientemente del sexo del autor.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПО ОЦЕНКЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ
ЦИКЛИЧЕСКИХ НАГРУЖЕНИЙ НА ПРОЧНОСТЬ РЫБОЛОВНОЙ НИТИ
Authors: Колотев Дмитрий Александрович , Суконнов Анатолий Владимирович
Published: November 2021

Один из путей эффективности лова – повышение износостойкости рыбо-ловных нитевидных материалов. Известно, что в процессе эксплуатации на ору-дия лова оказывают влияние различные факторы, например, циклические нагру-жения. Работа посвящена экспериментальному исследованию зависимости проч-ности рыболовных нитевидных материалов от нагружений на примере полиамид-ных нитей. Проведен обзор и анализ методик такого влияния в области швейного производства и строительства. Отмечено, что эти методики невозможно приме-нить в полной мере в области промышленного рыболовства из-за специфики ма-териала лова – структуры, вида сырья при изготовлении и способа крутки. Разра-ботаны методика проведения испытаний и экспериментальная установка, скон-струированная и оснащенная необходимой измерительной аппаратурой. Исследо-ваны факторы, влияющие на прочность рыболовной нити, и диапазон их измене-ния с учетом методик соседних сфер производства. Применен метод планирова-ния, и составлена матрица для трехфакторного эксперимента на двух уровнях. Получена математическая зависимость остаточной прочности нити, а именно ее диаметра, удлинения, от факторов эксплуатации и количества циклов нагружения.
BLS Knowledge: A comparison between clinical and basic medical professionals
Authors: Rehman Anam , Shujat Ujala , Mahmood Nuha , Naseem Hafsa , Siddiqui Maryam , Samad Sohaima , Amim-ul-Haq  , Mahfooz Aatra
Published: November 2021

Introduction Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed on sudden cardiac arrest patients. There is significant morbidity and mortality due to SCA and choking. This high incidence raises a question regarding knowledge of BLS in health care professionals. Therefore, we will be assessing knowledge of BLS among clinical and basic medical health care professionals. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted on the Medical professionals of Jinnah Sindh Medical University (JSMU) and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) to assess their knowledge of BLS, within a period of 10 months. Data was collected from 94 participants using a pretested questionnaire through convenient sampling technique. Adequate knowledge was assessed and compared between medical professionals of JSMU and JPMC. P-value was taken significant if it were <0.05 after applying chi-square test. Result The mean age of participants was 33.0 ± 8.66 years. 48% candidates were related to Academics Faculty whereas 52% were Clinical Faculty. Overall 60 (63.8%) responders had “Adequate Knowledge”. Out of those, 23 (38.3%) were from JSMU and 37 (61.6%) were from JPMC. There was a significant difference of knowledge of BLS among the institutes (p-value= 0.003). There was also significant difference of adequate knowledge of participants of JSMU who have had previous BLS training and those who haven’t (p value =0.05). Conclusion BLS knowledge of medical professionals should be frequently revised and updated because they should be competent enough to handle any emergency situation, be it in a hospital or outside of it. Furthermore, this updated knowledge will have a positive effect on their students.
La enseñanza de la matemática y su relación con otras ciencias
Authors: Campos Oscar Antonio
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVO: identificar la relación de los métodos de enseñanza de las Matemáticas con otras ciencias y su importancia en sus aplicaciones. MÉTODO: consulta de primeras fuentes en artículos y tesis. RESULTADOS: el estudio de los múltiples usos de las matemáticas en diferentes áreas de la vida económica, cultural y social ayudan a comprender la necesidad de utilizar las matemáticas en beneficio de la sociedad. Además, su aplicación, combinada con los procesos de producción y otras ciencias, favorecen la formación politécnica. CONCLUSIÓN: es importante aclarar que el aprendizaje de las Matemáticas requiere disciplina, perseverancia y organización, entre otros rasgos de personalidad y que además el método de enseñanza de las matemáticas no puede desarrollarse plenamente si no está directamente vinculado a la práctica escolar.
Semiotic Analysis of Kerja Adat Erdemu Bayu in Karonese
Authors: Artha Dewi Juni , Sinulingga Syakinah
Published: November 2021

This research deals with Semiotic Analysis of Kerja Adat Erdemu Bayu in Karonese. This research was aimed to find out the values and meanings contained in the Karo tribe's wedding ceremony so that people do not consider the ceremonial rituals as mere obligations and customs. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from the video of the Karonese wedding ceremony on YouTube channel which uploaded on 07 May 2021 and also through interview from an elder who really understands the customs of the Karonese tribe, especially in wedding ceremonies. There were found 15 symbols, they are beka buluh (male’s hood), uis jongkit dilaki (male’s sarong), uis jujung-jujungen (veil), uis ragi barat (sarong), amak tayangen (bed mat), kalang ulu (pillows), perembah (long chloth, baby carrier), beras meciho (pure rice), naruh manuk (egg), sumpit (basket rice), uis nipes (traditional cloth), lampu terlong (oil lamp /lamp), kudin (cooking pot), manuk asuhen (hen), perkakas dapur (kitchen utensils) each of which has an interpretation in the form of advice, prayers and wishes for the bride and groom in living their domestic life.
Treatment Outcome in Hepatitis B-Positive Patients Attending a Selected Clinic in Baringo County of Kenya
Authors: Comlan Adjo , Kimani Josephine , Kimotho James , Tuitoek Gladys , Ochwoto Missiani
Published: November 2021

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is often associated with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The World Health Organization (WHO) rolled out guidelines for treatment of HBV globally in 2015 and the Kenyan Ministry of Health started implementing these guidelines in 2018. About one thousand patients have been receiving the WHO-recommended treatment across the country. However, their treatment outcome has not been evaluated. Baringo County is one of the counties with high number of patients on treatment. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the treatment outcome of these patients.

Methods: Forty-one HBV positive patients attending comprehensive care clinic in Marigat, Baringo County were randomly selected. Five millilitres of blood were drawn from each patient and processed into serum. Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibodies (HBsAb), e-antigen (HBeAg), e-Antibodies (HBeAb) and core antibodies (HBcAb) were tested using lumiquick HBV-5 panel test kit (Diagnostic, lnc, USA). HBV DNA extraction was done using Qiagen extraction kit, amplified and visualized on 2% agarose gel. All positive extracts were sequenced. HBV viral load was done using TaqMan™.   HBV sequences obtained were aligned and phylogenetic trees developed. Genotypes were determined using geno2pheno software and mutations on the surface antigen and polymerase coding regions were determined from the aligned sequences.

Finding: Out of 41 serum samples collected, 2.4% patient was HBsAg negative and the remaining (97.6%) positive. HBsAb positivity was 2.4%, all samples were negative for hepatitis B core antibodies (HBcAb), 14.6% tested positive and 35(85.6%) tested negative for HBeAg. The mean age (±SD) of patients was 33.59 ± 2.307 (8-80).  Ten (24.3%) samples were detectable in qPCR and their viral load ranged from 4.6×104 to 1.04×101 IU/ml with majority of them (85.6%) having HBeAg negative and 80.4% having HBeAb positive. Two genotypes, genotype D (50%) and genotype A (50%) were identified among the HBV isolates. Putative mutations: rtM129L, rtW153R, rtP237T, rtN238T, and rtN248H were detected in the RT domain and have been identified to be associated with drug resistance, but not yet been confirmed experimentally in vitro.