bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En anonym minoritet i klasserommet? Kristne elever i skolens religionsfag
Authors: Domaas Ola Erik
Published: September 2019

Denne artikkelen er basert på dybdeintervjuer med elever og lærere og handler om hvilken rolle elever som definerer seg som kristne, spiller i skolens KRLE-fag. Hvilke faktorer opplever de som betydningsfulle for at de, dersom de ønsker det, kan være åpne om sin kristne tilhørighet? Studien viser at spørsmål om religiøs tilhørighet ikke er et vanlig samtaleemne elevene imellom. De kristne elevene blir sjelden utfordret av læreren i KRLE til å fortelle om sin tro og tradisjon i undervisningen, til forskjell fra elever fra andre religioner og livssyn. Noen av elevene mener at undervisningen om kristendom i for stor grad handler om fjern historie og stivbente regler for livsførsel som de ikke kjenner seg igjen i. Lærerne i faget mener å ha god kunnskap om religioner og livssyn representert i sine klasser, men noen innrømmer at deres kunnskap om kristne minoriteter og om det indre trosmangfoldet blant elever tilknyttet Den norske kirke, er mangelfull. Elevene tilskriver lærerens kunnskaper og holdninger en avgjørende rolle for opplevelsen av å bli inkludert i klasserommet og i KRLE. De gir også uttrykk for at det er lettere å være åpen om sin tro i et flerkulturelt enn i et mer monokulturelt klasserom.Nøkkelord: Kristne elever, posisjonering, inkludering, trygt rom, KRLE Abstract:This article is based on in-depth interviews with students and teachers and discusses the role of Christian students in the Norwegian RE-subject. The study shows that questions about religious affiliation are not a common topic of conversation between the students. The Christian students also say that they are seldom asked to tell about their beliefs and traditions in class, unlike students from other religions and beliefs. Some of the students say that the teaching about Christianity mostly deals with ancient church history or strict rules of life that they do not identify with. Teachers in the subject believe to have basic knowledge of religions and beliefs represented in their classes, but some admit that their knowledge of Christian minorities and of the inner diversity within the Church of Norway is inadequate. Students say that the teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards Christianity play a crucial role in including them in the classroom and in KRLE. They also state that it is easier to be open about their faith in a multicultural, than in a more monocultural classroom.Keywords: Christian students, positioning, inclusion, safe space, RE
Heid Leganger-Krogstad. En vidtfavnende religionsdidaktisk forskningsinnsats
Authors: Haakedal Elisabeth
Published: September 2019

I anledning at Heid Leganger-Krogstad (MFs første kvinnelige professor) går av med pensjon, presenteres hennes faglige bidrag til fagfeltet religionspedagogikk. Vekten ligger på kontekstuell religionsdidaktikk og KRL/RLE-fag, bibeldidaktikk og kirkelig undervisning i stort.
Den skandinaviske barnebibel. barnelitteratur, bibelresepsjon og kulturell bibel
Authors: Bylund Louise Heldgaard , Aadland Ingunn , Kartzow Marianne Bjelland , Haaland Gunnar
Published: September 2019

Barnebibler som utgis i dag, bygger bro mellom den antikke verden og vår verden. Dette er to helt forskjellige livsverdener, med ulike virkelighetsforståelser, ulike verdier og ulike syn på barn og ungdom. Hvordan transporteres Bibelen, som bok, tekst, og ide over til utgivelser for en lesegruppe som er vant til TV og data fra svært ung alder, som er oppvokst i en underholdningskultur med internasjonale og kommersielle aktører? Hvordan henger tekst, bilde og budskap sammen? Hvilke verdier og idealer kommer til uttrykk? Hvordan håndteres f.eks. kjønn, etnisitet eller den kompetente leser? Hvor nær til bibelteksten er de ulike barnebiblene og hvor mye fantaserer de fritt? Hvilke friheter tar de seg, og hva er konsekvensene av dette? Slike spørsmål diskuterte vi på et tverrfaglig seminar på Det teologiske fakultet på Universitetet i Oslo i juni 2018. Forskningsartiklene i dette nummeret av Prismet springer ut av dette seminaret.
Udvandringen fra Egypten er som et 17. majoptog uden bunader og flag. Børnebiblers interaktion med den kulturelle kontekst
Authors: Bylund Louise Heldgaard
Published: September 2019

En børnebibels form og indhold interagerer med den kulturelle kontekst, som børnebibelen er opstået i. Denne artikel undersøger og diskuterer denne relation og indbyrdes afhængighed med udgangspunkt i den norske børnebibel Bibelfortellinger for barn og den danske Sigurd fortæller bibelhistorier. Analyserne viser, at børnebiblerne insisterer på, at bibelske fortællinger har relevans i nutidige børns liv, samt at de etiske og sociale værdier, som bliver præsenteret som positive i børnebiblerne, stemmer overens med de vestlige demokratiske samfund, som børnebiblerne udspringer af. Børnebiblerne er således parallelle med begreberne den kulturelle og liberale bibel, som Yvonne Sherwood og Jonathan Sheenan bruger om Bibelens rolle i den politiske diskurs.Nøkkelord: Bible reception, children’s bibles, the cultural bible, the liberal bibleAbstractThis article presents and discusses the interaction between children’s bibles and the modern western democratic society, using the Norwegian Bibelfortellinger for barn and Danish Sigurd fortæller bibelhistorier as casestudies. The author presents a threefold theory on the relationship between children’s bibles and their cultural contexts and illustrates the theory with examples from the two children’s bibles. The research shows that children’s bibles put great emphasis on the relevance of the biblical narratives in the life of children and that the ethical and social values of modern society correspond with the worldview of the children’s bibles. Thereby the children’s bibles are parallel to the cultural and liberal bible, terms coined by Yvonne Sherwood and Jonathan Sheenan. This implies that the children’s bibles have a positive understanding of the surrounding culture and its social and ethical values.
Diakonal bibellesning – nødvendig i trosopplæringen
Authors: Sommerfeldt Atle
Published: September 2019

Bibelen kan hjelpe barn og unge til å tolke og mestre livet, men da må de få møte bibeltekster som åpner et slikt rom. I denne artikkelen påviser jeg at utvalget av bibeltekster i Plan for trosopplæring er svakt på slike tekster, og anbefaler tekster og en diakonal lesemåte som legger bedre til rette for dette.
Critical Digital Humanities
Authors: Dobson James E.
Published: September 2019

This book seeks to develop an answer to the major question arising from the adoption of sophisticated data-science approaches within humanities research: are existing humanities methods compatible with computational thinking? Data-based and algorithmically powered methods present both new opportunities and new complications for humanists. This book takes as its founding assumption that the exploration and investigation of texts and data with sophisticated computational tools can serve the interpretative goals of humanists. At the same time, it assumes that these approaches cannot and will not obsolete other existing interpretive frameworks. Research involving computational methods, the book argues, should be subject to humanistic modes that deal with questions of power and infrastructure directed toward the field’s assumptions and practices. Arguing for a methodologically and ideologically self-aware critical digital humanities, the author contextualizes the digital humanities within the larger neo-liberalizing shifts of the contemporary university in order to resituate the field within a theoretically informed tradition of humanistic inquiry. Bringing the resources of critical theory to bear on computational methods enables humanists to construct an array of compelling and possible humanistic interpretations from multiple dimensions—from the ideological biases informing many commonly used algorithms to the complications of a historicist text mining, from examining the range of feature selection for sentiment analysis to the fantasies of human subjectless analysis activated by machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Protocols, Methods, and Workflows
Authors: Dobson James E.
Published: September 2019

This chapter serves as an introduction to the problems raised by the use of computational methods in cultural and literary criticism. It does so by placing the desire for a science of reading expressed by many digital humanists within a larger genealogy of interpretive hermeneutics by turning to a series of crucial historical inflection points in which scholars and other intellectuals have raised the question of whether literary and cultural criticism could be a science or should depend upon the procedures of the sciences. While some critics (Matthew Jockers, Ted Underwood, and Andrew Goldstone, among others) have proposed that research in the digital humanities should look more like the quantitative social sciences, this chapter’s reconstruction of pivotal debates in the literary studies demonstrates the existence of surplus questions related to the ongoing meaning of cultural objects, textual sources, and archives that remain unaddressable and unanswerable by empirical methods. The chapter argues that what sustains the possibility of this notion of the “unaddressable” is a regular disciplinary injunction to apply a critical gaze backward through scholarly methods, to the ways in which evidence is found, collected, or produced, to the ways in which scholars frame this evidence, the protocols by which they interpret it, and the arguments they present to their readers.
The Cultural Significance of k-NN
Authors: Dobson James E.
Published: September 2019

This chapter turns to a lower level of computation to produce a cultural critique and historicization of one of the most important algorithms used in digital humanities and other big-data applications in the present moment, the k-nearest neighbor or k-NN algorithm. The chapter reconstructs the partial genealogy, the intellectual history, of this important algorithm that was key to sense making in the midtwentieth century and has found continued life in the twenty-first century. In both its formalized description, its exposition in the papers introducing and refining the rule and its implementation in algorithmic form, and its actual use, the k-nearest neighbor algorithm draws on dominant midtwentieth-century ideologies and tropes, including partitioning, segregation, suburbanization, and democratization. In the process of situating the k-NN algorithm within the larger field containing other residual and emergent statistical methods, the author seeks to produce an intervention within the developing critical theory of algorithmic governmentality.
Conclusion
Authors: Dobson James E.
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the modeling of semantic space through the use of word embeddings produced by neural network models. It traces the development and potential use of this technique through the critical digital humanities methods proposed in the previous chapters. The author proposes strategies for using these vector space models in historical research through the use of models to align and combine multiple models.
Adoptees Strike Back
Authors: McKee Kimberly D.
Published: September 2019

The Internet provides adoptees new avenues to disrupt the traditional depiction of adoptees as children, recuperate their subjecthood, and instantly engage wider debates found in the transracial, international adoption community. This chapter examines how adult adoptees disrupted information disseminated by The New York Times and Minnesota Public Radio in 2007 and 2012, respectively, and explores the #BuildFamiliesNotBoxes hashtag that arose to critique the use of a baby box in Seoul, South Korea and The Drop Box (2014). Adoptees’ also adapt to new technological platforms as tools including memes for advocacy and activism. This chapter demonstrates how adoptees no longer just exist within the transnational adoption industrial complex; rather they have become change agents seeking to dismantle the transnational adoption industrial complex’s hold on adoption discourse.
Black Women’s Internationalism and the Chicago Defender During the “Golden Age of Haitian Tourism”
Authors: Gallon Kim
Published: September 2019

Between 1950 and 1952, during a period known as the “golden age of tourism” to Haiti, the Chicago Defender fostered black internationalism in Haiti that revolved around African American women. This form of black internationalism appeared in the Defender as a prizewinning trip to Haiti for winners of a popularity contest. This essay examines how the Defender used the popularity contests to simultaneously increase circulation and further African American economic development and investment goals in Haiti. The Defender used the winners’ trips to create a counter discourse to the challenges that everyday Haitians faced on a daily basis and the political issues that plagued the Haitian government. This narrative helped to facilitate a flow of business and political alliances between African Americans and Haitians.
Secular Music in Shape Notes
Authors: Steel David Warren
Published: September 2019

The distinctive repertory and performance practices of American shape-note (fasola) singing during the early 1800s, while sacred in origin, made a much wider impact in secular realms than one might suppose. The religious connotations of the music were readily accepted on the frontier but did not limit it to purely sacred uses (in other words, public worship). The singing school was a social institution as well as a religious and educational one. Contemporary accounts show that young people viewed singing schools as a valuable opportunity for courting in a relatively unsupervised atmosphere, and several writers noted the apparent discrepancy between the words sung and the deeds done at such gatherings. Tunebooks throughout the era reveal a highly diverse list of secular songs and song types.
Defying Boundaries and Escaping Stereotypes
Authors: Riis Thomas L.
Published: September 2019

Riis takes up the complicated conventions and troubled history of late-nineteenth-century blackface minstrelsy as it was blended and interwoven into the activities among a largely unknown contingent of thousands of African American (and mostly midwestern) musicians and entertainers. He explores how nineteenth-century entertainers understood their business, including the moniker “minstrel” itself, and what for them constituted original, creative work. In this essay, the questions of identity have less to do with personal stories than the importance of the group and how its activities have been lost to history. Knowledge of these forgotten show people, and the sources where more information about them might be found, can help us combat the persistence of degrading stereotypes used to provide oversimplified explanations of black musical and theatrical activity.
Epilogue
Authors: Thuma Emily L.
Published: September 2019

The Epilogue draws out the resonances and continuities between anticarceral feminist formations of the 1970s and early 1980s and radical voices at the crossroads of today’s prison abolition, antiracist, and feminist movements.
Introduction
Authors: Fixmer-Oraiz Natalie
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores how recent discourses of motherhood and nation are deeply enmeshed and mutually constitutive. I trace a brief history of reproductive politics in the United States, clarifying how the project of nation building has consistently enlisted motherhood and worked to govern women’s reproduction through differential modes of surveillance and control. This chapter provides the historical and theoretical foundations for the book; it notes the precedents to homeland maternity while also elaborating on how contemporary alignments of motherhood and nation are distinct and specific to homeland security culture.
Crisis Pregnancy and the Colonization of the Clinic
Authors: Fixmer-Oraiz Natalie
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores how rhetorics of crisis have reshaped contemporary reproductive politics. First, it examines the significance of crisis teen pregnancy narratives in popular media (e.g., Juno, 16 and Pregnant, Glee, and Teen Mom) and how these narratives manage collective anxieties over abortion, adoption, and teen motherhood. It traces these trends alongside the colonization of comprehensive women’s health clinics by the evangelical crisis pregnancy center movement. The logic of homeland security culture, present in this case study through rhetorics of “crisis,” fuels the differential protection of domestic bodies and works to produce and reproduce national identity through the bodies of particular women and families.
Trading Fours
Authors: Baber Katherine
Published: September 2019

Chapter 2 examines the influence of Bernstein’s two most important models for synthesizing jazz styles as part of a personalized American style: Aaron Copland and George Gershwin. Taking Prelude, Fugue and Riffs as a case study, this chapter shows how patterns of usage in Copland’s and Gershwin’s music, particularly the expressive dichotomy between jazz and the closely related blues style, clearly influenced Bernstein’s version of jazz. Given Bernstein’s deep personal identification with both composers, it also becomes clear how some jazz styles, particularly the blues, could express intimate or private sentiments and mediate the formation of a musical subjectivity.
A Tale of Two Cities I
Authors: Smith Christopher J.
Published: September 2019

The first of two companion chapters, this essay focuses especially on the historical meeting of European and African American movement vocabularies in English-speaking early-nineteenth-century contexts. It focuses particularly upon public music and dance in two creolized cities: Kingston, Jamaica, and New York City. Primary source evidence includes period illustrations (most notably, a ca. 1802 watercolor entitled A Grand Jamaica Ball) and period accounts of entertainments at lower Manhattan’s African Grove Theater; both are analyzed for the evidence they provide regarding the synthesis of creolized movement vocabularies and, by extension, cultural experiences. Methodology is drawn especially from iconography and kinesics.
Spaces, Whistles, Tags, and Drums
Authors: Smith Christopher J.
Published: September 2019

This chapter steps away from the others’ central focus upon movement, particularly the movement of multiple subaltern bodies in contested public spaces, to link the idea of sounding “noise”--irruptive, contested, politicized--to that of visual noise, including transgressive movement, but also other forms as well. It situates graffiti, street cries, and other public sounding and visual expressions as emblematic of subaltern identity and prone to hegemonic restriction. While there is a body of literature on “noise” as a social phenomenon, that phenomenon has seldom been linked to movement.
Street Dance and the Dream of Freedom
Authors: Smith Christopher J.
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides the capstone of the book’s overall argument, suggesting that participatory dance occurring in contested spaces, especially that which originates in disenfranchised subaltern communities, has been a tool, deployed with previously unremarked consistency, across four centuries of North American cultural history. It reiterates the complex disciplinary resources that provide effective analytical methodology and interpretive frames. The chapter also emphasizes contemporaneity, and the “ongoing” nature of street dance as a political tool, in a comparison of two twenty-first-century examples of movement politics: 2012’s “Occupy” and 2013’s Taksim Gezi Park protests (Istanbul) and finds in these two contemporary examples further evidence of the resiliency and revolutionary political power of bodies moving in space and sound. The chapter and the manuscript conclude with an articulation of the essentiality of multidisciplinary social historiography, as a means of recovering and “voicing” subaltern communities that have been omitted from dominant-culture narratives, but whose contributions--especially in the participatory idioms of music and dance--have been essential in the ongoing story of New World expressive culture.
Introduction: A Movement Architect
Authors: Fenderson Jonathan
Published: September 2019

On a wintry Monday in December 1969, a small contingent of African American protesters gathered at 1820 South Michigan Avenue just outside the main headquarters of the black-owned Johnson Publishing Company (JPC) in Chicago. Armed with picket signs and protest chants, they dramatically captured the attention of eyewitnesses and bewildered employees inside the building. Included among the demonstrators were several artists, intellectuals, and activists from a variety of local organizations—a genuine cross-section of the Black creative community in the city. In their efforts to seize the attention of JPC’s founding owner and president, John H. Johnson, the group staged the protest with the stated goal to make the company “truly representative of the Black community.”...
Mineral Resources on the Islands of Alta and Baja California
Authors: Erlandson Jon M. , Gill Kristina M. , Perry Jennifer E. , Vellanoweth René L. , Yatsko Andrew
Published: September 2019

Until recently, with a few exceptions, California Islands were believed to be relatively impoverished in high-quality materials for making stone tools. This chapter summarizes the distributions of known mineral resources on the islands, including numerous sources identified during recent geoarchaeology surveys. For islands occupied since the Terminal Pleistocene, the availability of such resources may have changed significantly through time due to sea level rise and coastal erosion. There is spatial variability in the distribution of mineral resources, but we show that such resources were relatively abundant on many of California's islands. This has implications for understanding the antiquity of initial colonization of the islands, the development of exchange networks, and the marginality of island mineral resources.
Marginality, Conveyance of Goods, and Trade on California’s Islands
Authors: Fauvelle Mikael , Perry Jennifer E.
Published: September 2019

Since the Terminal Pleistocene, the waters of the California Bight have been centers of maritime exchange, where islanders traded with mainland peoples. Explanations for the development of these exchange systems have argued that the uneven distribution of material resources between island and mainland environments led to the intensive exchange of goods. New evaluations of island resources suggest, however, that key plant foods and other potential trade goods were not as scarce on the islands as once thought. These developments necessitate a reevaluation of the role of maritime exchange in the development of social and political complexity in the California Bight. This chapter argues that social interactions and ritual obligations were important drivers of California Island exchange, with a focus on value-added and luxury goods.
El Techo de la Ballena
Authors: Gaztambide María C.
Published: September 2019

In El Techo de la Ballena, María C. Gaztambi depresents an account of the visual arts production of the Caracas-based collective El Techo de la Ballena (active 1961−69). In spite of evident convergences with other global art tendencies, these radicalized artists from Venezuela anchored their multidisciplinary interventions in a fundamental retrograde stance which, in the author’s view, represented a deliberate inversion of an internationallyaligned modernity hinging on the need for constant evolution and progress in the visual arts. El Techo’s against-the-grain position became the basis for a disorderly project of grief that counteracted the swiftness by which Venezuela fast-tracked its modernization (in the sense of material and technological progress) and consumed international modernism (its cultural production). Against this fragmentary development, El Techo deployed an integrated approach to art-making that included artworks with multiple meanings, alternative exhibition spaces, politicized actions, as well as highly confrontational printed materials. All these elements came together into a single, indivisible body of work merging the visual, the poetic, the performative, and the political. Yet Venezuela’s eroded local environment required an outright unsettling through extreme scatological content and strategies that the balleneros qualified as “a biological art, violently exuded from our bowels…” Theirs was a total output that tested the limits of art to provoke an anesthetized local public under the motto of cambiar la vida, transformar la sociedad(to change life, to transform society).
Automatic Detection of Erythrocytes in Fishes using Clustering Segmentation and Supervised Learning
Authors: Leite Kleyton Sartori , da Silva Felipe Gomes , Crispim Bruno do Amaral , Merey Felipe , Grisolia Alexeia Barufatti , Amorim Willian Paraguassu
Published: September 2019

The growth of urban areas and the population has favored the increase in pollution and consequently the contamination of river waters. This clue has aroused interest in several aspects, mainly related to the fate and possible effects that these contaminants can cause to human health. The analysis of erythrocytes in ﬁsh is an efﬁcient mechanism to identify the presence of genetical terations that maybe being caused by emergent contaminants. This article presents a new proposal for automatic identiﬁcation of erythrocytes in ﬁsh using SLIC segmentation approach and connected components, adjusted using supervised learning, and presenting the performance evaluation in different aspects of the image.
Citrus Tree Classification from UAV Images: Analysis and Experimental Results
Authors: Kobayashi Felipe Kawashita , Mattos Andrea Britto , Macedo Maysa M. G. , Gemignani Bruno H
Published: September 2019

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and computer vision for automating farm operations is growing rapidly: time-consuming tasks such as crop monitoring may be solved in a more efﬁcient, precise, and less error-prone manner. In particular, for estimating productivity and managing pests, it is fundamental to characterize crop regions into four classes: (i) full-grown trees, (ii) tree seedlings, (iii) tree gaps, and (iv) background. In this paper, we address the classiﬁcation of images from citrus plantations, acquired by UAVs, into the previously mentioned categories. While Deep learning-based methods allow to achieve high accuracy values for classiﬁcation, explainability remains an issue. Therefore, our approach is to run an experimental analysis that allows to derive the effects of different parametrizations (involving descriptors, classiﬁers, and sampling methods) when applied to our citrus dataset.
Using syntactic methods and LSTM to the recognition of objects visual patterns
Authors: Astolfi Gilberto , Weber Vanessa Aparecida de Moares , Oliveira Junior Adair da Silva , Menezes Geazy Vilharva , Belete Nícolas Alessandro de Souza , Tetila Everton Castelão , Pistori Hemerson
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we have designed a new approach to represent and recognize objects visual patterns using syntactic methods. We capture relevant information from an object and associate them with symbols of an alphabet. After that, we derive a string from the object and in put it to LSTM. The idea is to train LSTM with objects visual patterns encapsulated in the strings. We conducted an experiment using soybean crops aerial images captured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and we reached an average F-measure of 91%.
Determination of number of termite mounds supported by computational vision
Authors: Weber Vanessa Ap. de Moraes , Weber Fabricio de Lima , Silveira Edilson , Oliveira Gilberto Luciano de , Folhes Marcelo , Constantino Michel , Pistori Hemerson
Published: September 2019

The determination of the number of termite mounds in a pasture area is a factor that can determine the stage of degradation of the same. The termite count work has been done manually which becomes costly. Our work aims to present a comparison of image ﬁltering techniques and the best time to collect aerial images with UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in order to count the number of termite mounds by means of computer vision. Comparisons were made between the number of mounds counted in the image by a specialist with the number of mounds in the image after being submitted to computer vision techniques. It was identiﬁed that height is the main variable and that of the ﬁve techniques used, Gaussian and Bilateral presented the best results.
Automatic Localization of the Carotid Wall in Ultrasound Imaging Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Silva Alexandre G. , da Cruz Eryk K. , Arthur Rangel , Carnielli Giulliano P. , de Godoy Henri A. , N. Junior Wilson , Romano Luís F. R. dos S. C.
Published: September 2019

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the world. It is a cardiovascular disease characterized by the accumulation of inﬂammatory cells and lipids inside the artery walls. In Brazil, more than 30% of all deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases. The carotid intima-media thickness, obtained from ultrasound images, maybe an early estimate of atherosclerosis.This test is fast, safe and non-invasive, as well as being reproducible and relatively inexpensive. In this context, this work, based on convolutional neural networks and techniques of mathematical morphology, consists in automatically locating the region that covers the intima and media sublayers of carotid arteries. The proposed method obtained a score of 88% considering the trained model applied to 234 ultrasonographic images in two different datasets. The analysis of the neighborhood of the points obtained can be useful in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors.
Real-time Ball Detection for Robocup Soccer Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: de Abreu Lucas Ribeiro , Bianchi Reinaldo Augusto da Costa
Published: September 2019

The RoboCup Soccer is one of the largest competitions in the robotics ﬁeld of research. It considers the soccer match as a challenge for the robots and aims to win a match between humans versus robots by the year of 2050. The vision module is a critical system for the robots because it needs to quickly locate and classify objects of interest for the robot in order to generate the next best action. In this paper, an approach using Convolutional Neural Networks for object detection is described. The soccer ball is the chosen object and three state-ofart convolutional neural networks architectures were trained for the experiment using data augmentation and transfer learning techniques. The models were evaluated in a test set, yielding promising results in precision and frames per second. The best model achieved an average precision of 0.972 with an intersection over union of 50% and 9.64 frames per second, running on CPU.
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fake Already According to the Theory of the Firm?Date submitted: October 4, 2017Revised version accepted after double blind review: August 31, 2018
Authors: Schmiel Ute
Published: September 2019

This paper asks if we can support by argument the norm “we should hold firms responsible”. From a critical rationalist perspective, answering this question has an ethical and an empirical dimension. The ethical dimension discusses whether we should hold firms socially responsible for ethical reasons. However, since demanding that we should hold firms responsible requires that we can hold them responsible, this paper focuses on this empirical dimension. Thus, this paper asks whether we can hold firms responsible for theoretical reasons. Theoretical reasons means that this paper refers to theories of the firm and in particular to their hypotheses about the behaviour of firms and firm members. The paper finds that the nexus of contracts approach (which is the economic mainstream theory of the firm) ascribes behaviour to the firm that corresponds to the firm members’ behaviour. In consequence, we would not have reasons to ascribe responsibility to the firm from a social science perspective. Since the nexus of contracts approach is not adequate from a critical rationalist perspective, however, this paper develops an extended corporate actors approach. In contrast to the nexus of contacts approach, the extended corporate actors approach ascribes behaviour to the firm that differs from firm members’ actions. Thus, we do have reasons to ascribe responsibility to the firm from a social science perspective.
Workplace Health Promotion Inspired by Corporate Social Responsibility – Interactions Within Supply Chains and NetworksDate submitted: September 30, 2017Revised version accepted after double blind review: October 2, 2018
Authors: Tanner Grit , Bamberg Eva , Baur Carolin , Schümann Marlies
Published: September 2019

Workplace health promotion (WHP), which is supported by networks and business partners, is an important issue of corporate social responsibility. In an interview-study with enterprise and industry representatives, we analyzed whether WHP as one aspect of CSR is already realized within the supply chain and how interactions within the supply chain and networks can be described in terms of WHP. The results showed that issues of occupational safety are relevant within business relationships, but WHP in general is found to be less so. Networks outside the supply chain are often used to support WHP. The most-mentioned practice to ensure occupational health in supply chains is the control of suppliers (e.g., through audits). Collaborations (e.g., joint projects) were somewhat less stated. In conclusion, enterprises need to establish internal structures to conduct successful WHP within their supply chain. Future research should investigate factors that foster or hinder the process of establishing WHP within supply chains.
Introduction
Authors: Cheng Vincent Shing
Published: September 2019

This book tells the story of Chinese drug detainees who have been incarcerated for illicit drug use. It documents their experiences of being arrested and imprisoned as well as their lives after release. Behind their painful experiences is a fundamental contradiction between the unrealistically ideal party propaganda, which is made according to ‘exemplary norms’ (Bakken 2000), and the actual everyday practices of police officers and detention facility and prison officers, which are based on a variety of practical norms guided by different bureaucratic rules and regulations. This book is first and foremost about a failed system of rehabilitation, but also bears on a more general system that drug detainees perceive as hypocritical in contemporary China.
Post-discharge Reintegration and Surveillance
Authors: Cheng Vincent Shing
Published: September 2019

This chapter frames drug detainees’ experience in a more general context of the policing of ‘targeted populations’. In China, all released prisoners, including those discussed in this study, are categorized as ‘targeted populations’. Different policies are made to manage, control, and obtain information about such ‘targeted populations’. Since most of these former prisoners were incarcerated because of drug use, many of these control techniques are concerned with the control of former and current drug users. With the example of four control techniques, it demonstrates how the concern for control hijacks the concern for education and reintegration and destroys the police’s image of ‘benevolent saviours’.
The Happiness of Unrealizable Dreams
Authors: Inwood Heather
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the pleasures found within a category of Chinese literature known as YY (yiyin), a term that originated in Dream of the Red Chamber and which has been translated as “lust of the mind” or “lust of intent,” but which can be understood in a more contemporary sense as “mental porn” and the verb “to fantasise.” By examining a typical work of online YY fiction, I suggest that yiyin denotes a key hedonistic impulse in contemporary Chinese popular narratives in which authors and readers gain pleasure from the vicarious satisfaction of the protagonist’s every desire. Fulfilment of these desires, however, is constantly delayed as the “objects of happiness” are held at arm’s length and the protagonist—and reader—keeps wanting more. The pursuit of happiness in Chinese popular fiction thus mirrors the deferral of gratification within capitalist consumerism, highlighting readers’ sense of lack (manque) and helping to determine their subjectivities as questioning, desiring individuals. I conclude by suggesting that, in contrast with official discourse surrounding the “China Dream,” popular fiction offers a means of “feeling good” (shuang) that is quite at peace with the fact it has no pretensions of ever coming true.
Film Censorship and the Regulatory Context of Postwar Hong Kong
Authors: Chang Jing Jing
Published: September 2019

Chapter 1 maps out the contours of the Cold War regulatory context in Hong Kong and examines how Hong Kong’s censorship machinery “screened” the colonial government’s responses to the Cold War within local, colonial, and global contexts. The colonial government’s film censorship machinery comprises not only of printed regulations banning objectionable material, but also a set of activities, practices and discourses that reflected the agendas and assumptions of Hong Kong’s colonial government about audience demographics and characteristics. This chapter argues that censorship was part the discursive strategies mobilized by the colonial state and negotiated by filmmakers, film distributors, audience members, and Cold War watchers, all of whom contributed to the postwar Hong Kong community screening process. To demonstrate that censorship was never unidirectional in terms of imposition, surveillance, or discipline, but was constantly being challenged and negotiated by all stakeholders, this chapter ends with an extended discussion of the September 1965 press battle over British Hong Kong’s censorship legislation. Indeed, British Hong Kong had to exercise a policy of accommodation and neutrality, while creating the illusion of an apolitical community in order for its censorship legislations to function during a period of global decolonization.
Gratitude
Authors: Bilbro Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

Because our digital environments so often reflect our own desires and selves back to us, because they tell us that we are at the center of the world, they can foster the perception that solving global problems depends on our own efforts. Maybe we donate money to a nonprofit, but all the while we remain removed or “buffered,” to use Charles Taylor’s term, from the actual problem. Central to the good feelings we get from helping others is the idea of credit; we want credit for the good that we do—whether in the form of recognition, honor, or self-satisfaction. Rather than merely questioning our motives for helping others or critiquing our tendency to aggrandize ourselves, Berry’s poetry proposes an even more radical shift. Instead of seeking credit, Berry’s poems acknowledge his unpayable debts. If who I am is ultimately dependent on a life I have been given, then serving others is not a choice that redounds to my credit; it’s an obligation that defines my very self. Despite our industrial economy’s pressures to work harder and accrue more credit to our names, Berry’s sabbath poems model a way of dwelling gratefully in a gift economy.
Convocation
Authors: Bilbro Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

According to Disney, you can “be who you wanna be/Anyone you wanna be.” Not only is this view of self-determination patently absurd, but it also erodes the communal dependencies that characterize healthy cultures. Berry’s fiction, however, invites us to listen in on Port William’s talk about its members, talk that defines each person through his or her relationships. The virtue of convocation that this community practices shapes individual identities in the context of their joint membership to their place and to each other. Readers may expect a free-spirited character like Burley Coulter to have little patience for the expectations and demands that his fellow community members place on him, but Burley learns to fulfill the requirements of others in his own distinctive way. As Burley answers these calls, he becomes the most vocal proponent for the Port William “membership”: “The way we are, we are members of each other. All of us. Everything. The difference ain’t in who is a member and who is not, but in who knows it and who don’t.” The call of another may be a requirement, even a burden, but it is also an invitation to participate in a communal, redemptive life.
Practicing Resurrection
Authors: Bilbro Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

Communities characterized by the seven virtues that title the chapters of this book would inhabit their places in more sustainable, healthy ways than those marked by the fragmented, extractive mode characteristic of industrial cultures. Such virtuous communities would not provide a quick fix for the injustices and destruction of our present industrial economy, nor would they magically evade death and loss. Nevertheless, members of sustaining communities hold death in place, practice virtues of renewal, and lovingly give of themselves to others.
Introduction
Authors: Fuller Robert L.
Published: September 2019

Despite the mutual hostility of General Charles de Gaulle and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, France and the United States needed to cooperate to win the war against Germany. The French needed the help of the Americans more than the Americans needed the French; nevertheless, good working relations between the two were obviously in the best interests of both. Fortunately, US Army officers and French officials proved to be ready and willing to work closely and amicably together. Even so, certain areas of disagreement and friction appeared repeatedly in French and American official reports, memos, and correspondence. GI indiscipline ranked high on the list of issues on which the French urged immediate action. This work examines those issues as discrete subjects.
Requisitions
Authors: Fuller Robert L.
Published: September 2019

As soon as they arrived, American forces began to requisition French property of all kinds to serve the war effort. Both French officials and civilians showed themselves remarkably accommodating to American demands—so long as they perceived them as reasonable, which was not always the case. The mechanism for requisitions left the French government to handle payments, which became the largest irritant to civilians caught between the Americans and their own government. Requisitions by the French themselves proved just as exasperating as those of the Americans.
Transportation
Authors: Fuller Robert L.
Published: September 2019

The Americans requisitioned all means of transportation to move and supply their troops. This, too, required much cooperation by the French. The Red Ball Express was a largely successful experiment in monopolizing the roads for military purposes, but it was not repeated. Fortunately for all, the United States returned most roads and railroads to French control fairly quickly. However, US efforts to retain control of army gas cans introduced discord into relations, and General George Patton’s seemingly capricious regulations about French roads exasperated French civilians and officials alike. Even after the French were once again masters of most of the transportation network, they had little means to use it without Allied assistance.
Displaced Persons
Authors: Fuller Robert L.
Published: September 2019

France was awash in displaced persons (DPs) from June 1944 until months after the war was over. Repatriating French DPs from Germany turned out to be the easy part; where to put them once they got home was another problem. Caring for and finding homes for all these French and foreign DPs proved challenging for both the French and the Americans, who called on the Red Cross for help. Polish and Russian DPs led to greater headaches for the French than stranded German civilians did. The US Army wanted as little to do with DPs as possible and was anxious for the French to take over this responsibility.
Introduction
Authors: Oakley David P.
Published: September 2019

During an interview on May 3, 2011, then director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DCIA) Leon Panetta told interviewer Jim Lehrer that he was the overall commander for the Abbottabad Raid that killed Osama bin Laden.1 Although some uniformed military officers disagreed with DCIA Panetta’s assertion, Admiral William McRaven, commander, Joint Special Operations Command, who was the commander on the ground, had no issue with DCIA Panetta’s role description....
“It’s the Economy, Stupid”
Authors: Oakley David P.
Published: September 2019

During the Clinton presidency, international and domestic conditions drove changes within the CIA and DoD that affected their partnership. The CIA and the DoD had been established during the Cold War, so a significant amount of their energy had been focused on the Soviet Union. After the Soviet fall, both organizations wrestled with their roles in a multipolar world, while policy makers slashed budgets and looked for ways to reorient both organizations. Various national and institutional issues influenced the DoD/CIA partnership in the 1990s. These seemingly separate issues merged to shape the organizations and therefore influenced how the DoD/CIA relationship evolved during the 1990s.
9/11 and the Global War on Terrorism
Authors: Oakley David P.
Published: September 2019

After 9/11, the DoD sought to sever its perceived reliance on national intelligence. These changes were in part motivated by previous reviews of intelligence and in part by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld’s desire to consolidate power and capability within the DoD. The enacted changes resulted in a significant transformation of defense intelligence and influenced how the DoD interacted with the CIA and the broader Intelligence Community. For better or worse, individual leaders shaped the DoD/CIA relationship immediately following 9/11. These leaders’ influence highlights how parochial and nonparochial personalities affected the DoD/CIA relationship during the global war on terror. Fortunately, the influence of nonparochial leaders shaped the relationship in a more positive direction.
Reformer and Strategist?
Authors: Trauschweizer Ingo
Published: September 2019

In the third chapter I discuss Taylor’s leadership of the army (1955-1959) and his opposition to massive retaliation. Taylor attempted to reform the army by installing new combat divisions for the atomic battlefield, and he argued forcefully for the buildup of conventional as well as tactical nuclear capabilities for limited war. Taylor used congressional hearings and talks at war colleges and the Council on Foreign Relations for pointed critiques of national strategic priorities. Some of his colleagues in the armed forces thought him untrustworthy, but a closer reading of the record shows that they objected to his 1960 memoir more than to his actions in office. President Eisenhower still respected Taylor in 1959 and offered him the position as NATO’s supreme military commander.
Camelot’s Strategist
Authors: Trauschweizer Ingo
Published: September 2019

In Chapter 4 I assess Taylor’s influence in the Kennedy administration and his contribution to the lack of trust by civilian leaders in the JCS after the Bay of Pigs fiasco. I also discuss Taylor’s advice on crises ranging from Laos and Vietnam to Berlin and Cuba. Taylor emerged as counterinsurgency coordinator in Washington, drafted a doctrinal framework, and oversaw American efforts in Vietnam and half a dozen other countries. By the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Taylor had just been installed as JCS chairman. He was a hawk on Cuba, but even though he advised air strikes against missile bases, he backed Kennedy’s naval quarantine against the opposition of the service chiefs. In Vietnam, too, Taylor was a hawk who pushed for the use of air power.