bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in Major Depressive Disorders: An Original Research
Authors: Das Gita
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The present study assessed the benefits of cognitive behavioral treatment in patients suffering from major depressive disorders.

Methodology:

Hundred patients were included in the present study. The cases were assigned alternatively to the experimental group, who received cognitive behavior therapy in addition to the antidepressant medications, whereas in the control group, patients were managed using medications. Four outcome measures were used, viz., Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Visual Analog Scale. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data using SPSS.

Results:

The highest number of subjects (55%) were found in the age group of 15-25 years. The mean Beck Depression Inventory score in the experimental group was 35.60 (standard deviation 9.52) and in the control group, it was 26.40 (standard deviation 8.26) giving a mean difference of 9.20 which is statistically significant.

Conclusion:

It was found that the patients who received cognitive behavior therapy reported greater improvement in their symptomatology than the patients who were receiving medications only.
Open Apex and its Management: Review Article
Authors: Gill Ikroop , Mittal Sunandan , Kumar Tarun , Keshav Vanita
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

During root development, the teeth are subjected to a variety of assaults. Due to this, the root stops forming and the closure of the apex does not take place. Root canal treatment becomes a major challenge in these cases because of the width of the canal and wide-open apices. Management of open apices includes apexogenesis in vital young permanent teeth and apexification, which is a method to induce a calcified barrier in the root. Newer concepts include regeneration and revascularization procedures, which still need to be experimented with further.
Effect of Tobacco Use on Semen in Infertile Male
Authors: Kanetkar Sujata R. , Mohite Sushant , Kadam Rohit S. , Gupta Nilesh , Vadhel Chirag R
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background/Objective/Methods:

Infertility is one of the major global public health issues. In a social setup like India, there is a strong emphasis on childbearing, which leads to economic and psychological stress and trauma. Various studies have shown that worldwide, there is a decline in the quality of semen. Many environmental, nutritional, and lifestyle factors are responsible for the reduced semen quality. The methods of this study are the source of data, the method of collection of data, and statistical analysis.

Results:

Semen analysis is an important diagnostic test in the assessment of infertility in male partners. Ninety-eight semen samples were analyzed from the patients who presented with the complaint of infertility over a period of 2 years (June 2018–May 2020).

Conclusion:

Based on our analysis, it can be inferred that an escalation in the intensity of tobacco consumption is directly associated with a proportional decline in sperm count and motility and a notable increase in liquefaction time.
The Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need in 13-15 Years Old School Going Children of Mehsana District, Gujarat: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Patel Khyati V. , Kubavat Ajay , Prajapati Nikunj , Choudhary Sushmita , Vaghela Alpesh , Shah Kashyap
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The current study’s objective was to find out the prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment in 13- to 15-year-old school students in the Mehsana District of Gujarat using the IOTN.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological survey was planned among 13- to 15-year-old school-going children of Mehsana district. The sample comprised of 1290 school children. DHC-IOTN was applied to evaluate normative need for orthodontic treatment. Perceived orthodontic treatment was described by the Aesthetic component of the IOTN index.

Results:

Results showed that 33.7 percent of participants required little/no treatment need, 43.9 percent of participants required moderate orthodontic treatment need, and 22.4 percent of participants required severe orthodontic treatment need in the district.

Conclusion:

To prepare for public orthodontic and dental services, the current study provides baseline data on the need for orthodontic treatment among school-aged children.
Effectiveness of Different Retention Protocols in Preventing Posttreatment Relapse After Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Alayyash Afnan
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

After undergoing comprehensive orthodontic treatment, maintaining the achieved results and preventing relapse remains a significant concern. Various retention protocols have been proposed to address this issue, but their comparative effectiveness is not well-established.

Materials and Methods:

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different retention protocols in preventing posttreatment relapse following comprehensive orthodontic treatment. A sample of 150 orthodontic patients who had completed their treatment was included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups based on the retention protocol they received: Group A (Hawley retainers), Group B (Essix retainers), and Group C (permanent retainers). Patients’ dental casts were obtained at the end of the treatment (T0) and six months after treatment (T1). Various measurements, including anterior and posterior occlusal changes, were recorded.

Results:

The results revealed that Group C (permanent retainers) showed the least amount of relapse compared to Groups A and B. In Group C, the mean anterior relapse was 0.2 mm, while in Groups A and B, it was 1.0 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively. Similarly, the mean posterior relapse in Group C was 0.1 mm, whereas in Groups A and B, it was 0.8 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. These findings indicate that permanent retainers were more effective in preventing relapse compared to removable retainers.

Conclusion:

In preventing posttreatment relapse after comprehensive orthodontic treatment, permanent retainers demonstrated superior effectiveness compared to Hawley and Essix retainers.
Assessing the Efficacy of Cold Laser Therapy vs. Traditional Methods in Managing Post-Endodontic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al Attas Mustafa Hussein , Maria Rahul D.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The background of the study highlighted the common occurrence of post-endodontic pain and the need for effective pain management strategies.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the cold laser therapy (CLT) group and the traditional methods group (TMG). The CLT group received laser treatment at the affected area immediately following endodontic treatment, whereas the TMG received standard pain management techniques such as analgesics. Pain levels were assessed using a visual analog scale at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post treatment. Pain scores were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, including analysis of variance, and P values were calculated to determine the significance of differences between groups.

Results:

This study found significant differences in post-endodontic pain levels between CLT and standard procedures. At 6 hours post treatment, the CLT group had a mean pain score of 2.1 ± 0.8, whereas the TMG had a mean pain score of 3.8 ± 1.2 (P = 0.012). Pain levels in the CLT group decreased with time, with scores decreasing to 1.5 ± 0.6 at 12 hours, 1.2 ± 0.5 at 24 hours, and 0.9 ± 0.4 at 48 hours post treatment. In contrast, the TMG had greater pain scores at each time point: 3.2 ± 1.0, 2.9 ± 1.1, 2.5 ± 0.9, and 2.1 ± 0.8 at 12, 24, and 48 hours post treatment, respectively. At 12, 24, and 48 hours post treatment, P values of 0.021, 0.036, and 0.004, respectively, indicated significant differences.

Conclusion:

In managing post-endodontic pain, CLT demonstrated superior efficacy compared to traditional methods.
Accelerated Orthodontic Treatment Using Photobiomodulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Alahmari Balqees
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic treatment (OT) aims to align and correct teeth positions. However, conventional treatment methods often require a considerable amount of time. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a potential solution to OT.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 60 patients, divided equally into two groups: the PBM group and the control group. Patients in the PBM group received light therapy sessions applied directly to the OT area during each visit. Both groups underwent regular orthodontic adjustments. Treatment duration, changes in tooth alignment, and patient discomfort were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the outcomes between the groups.

Results:

The results of the study indicated that the PBM group experienced a statistically significant reduction in treatment duration compared to the control group. Moreover, there were noticeable improvements in tooth alignment in both groups. Patients in the PBM group reported minimal discomfort during the treatment process. These findings suggest that PBM has the potential to expedite OT without compromising its effectiveness.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this randomized clinical trial demonstrates that PBM can be an effective approach to accelerate OT. The technique led to a significant reduction in treatment duration and was well-tolerated by patients.
Comparing the Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Two Different Surgical Approaches for Treating Infrabony Defects in Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Bagde Hiroj S. , Alam Mohammad K. , Almohammed Yazan Eid Muteb , Almaqawid Sufyan Mohammed Mukhlef , Ganji Kiran K. , Sghaireen Mohammed G.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Chronic periodontitis is a prevalent oral health issue, affecting a substantial portion of the population. Infrabony defects, characterized by bone loss around teeth, are a hallmark of this condition and require surgical intervention to prevent further damage and tooth loss. Two commonly used surgical approaches are open flap debridement (OFD) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR).

Materials and Methods:

This prospective cohort study included 60 patients with chronic periodontitis and infrabony defects. Patients were randomly assigned to either the OFD or GTR group. Clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded at baseline and at 6-month and 12-month follow-up appointments. Radiographic assessments were conducted using periapical radiographs. The primary outcome measures were changes in PD and CAL, while secondary outcomes included radiographic evidence of bone regeneration.

Results:

At the 6-month follow-up, the OFD group demonstrated an average reduction in PD of 2.4 mm (SD = 0.8) and an increase in CAL of 1.6 mm (SD = 0.5). In contrast, the GTR group showed a reduction in PD of 2.1 mm (SD = 0.7) and an increase in CAL of 1.9 mm (SD = 0.6). These differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Radiographic analysis indicated a mean bone fill of 1.2 mm (SD = 0.4) in the OFD group and 1.4 mm (SD = 0.3) in the GTR group at 12 months, with no significant difference observed between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

In this study, both OFD and GTR approaches demonstrated comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes in the treatment of infrabony defects in chronic periodontitis patients.
Fluoride and its Implications on Oral Health: A Review
Authors: Vasisth Diwakar , Mehra Pravesh , Yadav Lucky , Kumari Vibha , Bhatia Urvi , Garg Riya
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This article aims to review the literature about the history of fluoride, its toxicity, prevalence, prevention, diagnosis, and management in oral healthcare practice. Fluoride is the cornerstone of oral health, playing a pivotal role in oral health. Fluoride can be administered topically or systemically. Topically, it is found in toothpaste, mouth rinses, and professional treatments such as fluoride varnish. These directly shield teeth from decay and strengthen the existing enamel. Systemically, fluoride is ingested through water, foods, or supplements, benefiting tooth development, especially in children. Nevertheless, responsible fluoride use is essential. Overexposure can lead to dental fluorosis, affecting tooth aesthetics. Consulting a dentist for personalized guidance on fluoride usage can help strike the right balance between oral protection and potential side effects, ensuring a radiant and healthy smile for life.
Surgical vs. Non-Surgical Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Rashid Mohammed E. , Akhter Khaleda , Abdelghani Abedalla , Babkair Hamzah A. , Sghaireen Mohammed G.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) encompass a range of clinical conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. Management approaches for TMDs vary and include both surgical and non-surgical interventions.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, medical records of 150 patients diagnosed with TMDs were reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups: surgical intervention and non-surgical intervention. The surgical group underwent various surgical procedures, including arthroscopy, arthroplasty, and joint replacement, while the non-surgical group received conservative treatments such as physical therapy, pharmacotherapy, and occlusal splints. Pain levels, TMJ function, quality of life (QoL), and patient satisfaction were assessed at baseline and post-treatment (6 months and 1 year).

Results:

At the 6-month follow-up, both groups experienced a significant reduction in pain scores (surgical group: 6.3 ± 1.2 to 2.4 ± 0.9, non-surgical group: 6.1 ± 1.1 to 3.2 ± 1.0). TMJ function improved in both groups (surgical group: 2.5 ± 0.8 to 4.8 ± 0.6, non-surgical group: 2.6 ± 0.7 to 4.2 ± 0.9). QoL scores increased (surgical group: 35.2 ± 4.6 to 50.3 ± 5.1, non-surgical group: 35.5 ± 4.2 to 45.7 ± 4.8), and patient satisfaction rates were high (surgical group: 92%, non-surgical group: 87%) at the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Both surgical and non-surgical management approaches demonstrated significant improvements in pain relief, TMJ function, QoL, and patient satisfaction for individuals with TMDs.
Virtual Reality Distraction: A Novel Behaviour Management Technique
Authors: Pawar Madhura , Pandya Parth , Rimple C Mendonca , Agrawal Kinjalk , Dasarraju Rupak Kumar , Jain Shrinidhi
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Virtual reality distraction (VRD) is developing technologies for behavior management that can assist a child in adjusting to the dental setting and provide high-quality dental care. The purpose of this literature is to shed light on VRD and its application to the treatment of pediatric dental patients.
Surgical Management of Radicular Cyst with the Application of a Natural Platelet Concentrate and Ostoden: A Case Report
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Sroa Renu Bala , Kaur Avreet , Kaur Mandeep , Kumar Baljeet , Kaur Gaganpreet
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The most frequent cystic lesions that affect the jaw are radicular cysts. The current case report describes the surgical management of a radicular cyst in the periapical region of maxillary central and lateral incisors, and highlights the efficacy of natural platelet concentrate [platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)] along with Ostoden bone graft material used for postoperative healing. A 46-year-old male patient presented to the department with swelling in the palatal aspect of the maxillary anterior region. On radiographic examination, a radiolucent periapical lesion was evident in relation to the left maxillary central and lateral incisor. In the maxillary anterior region, root canal therapy was performed, followed by periapical surgery, and PRF with Ostoden bone graft was placed in the surgical site to initiate the healing at a faster rate. The patient was recalled at follow-ups after 7 days, 3, 6, and 9 months. No symptoms such as pain, inflammation, or discomfort were observed during the review period.
Assessing the Impact of Smoking Cessation Interventions on Periodontal Health and Gingival Inflammation in Smokers with Periodontitis
Authors: Rashid Mohammed E. , Alam Mohammad K. , Akhter Khaleda , Abdelghani Abedalla , Babkair Hamzah A. , Sghaireen Mohammed G.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Smoking is a well-established risk factor for periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. While smoking cessation has been linked to improved overall health, its specific impact on periodontal health and gingival inflammation in individuals with periodontitis remains less explored

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 200 smokers diagnosed with periodontitis. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A received comprehensive smoking cessation interventions, including counseling and pharmacotherapy, while group B continued smoking without intervention. Periodontal health was assessed through clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), at baseline and 6 months post intervention. Gingival inflammation was evaluated using the Gingival Index (GI).

Results:

After 6 months, group A exhibited a significant reduction in mean PD (from 4.5 mm to 3.2 mm) and CAL (from 5.0 mm to 3.5 mm) compared to group B. Conversely, group B showed no significant change in these parameters. The GI score significantly decreased in group A (from 2.8 to 1.2) but remained unchanged in group B. Furthermore, group A demonstrated a higher rate of smoking cessation (72%) compared to group B (14%)

Conclusion:

Smoking cessation interventions play a crucial role in improving periodontal health and reducing gingival inflammation in smokers with periodontitis. The observed reductions in PD, CAL, and gingival inflammation highlight the potential benefits of smoking cessation on oral health outcomes in this high-risk population.
Navigating Adjuvant Radiotherapy Advancements in Endometrial Cancer within the Molecular Classification Landscape: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Das Jahnabi , Nath Jyotiman
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This review’s objective is to consolidate knowledge on key endometrial cancer (EC) biomarkers and their molecular underpinnings within the context of the modern era of molecular classification. The review also encompasses an overview of the molecular subtyping of EC, offers recommendations for treatment approaches, and insights into ongoing radiation trials. By integrating clinical and pathologic features to inform treatment decisions, including concurrent chemoradiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, endocrine therapy, and immunotherapy, there is potential to enhance EC management and provide patients with more effective and tailored treatment options. Molecular classification offers the foundation for tailor-made treatment strategies, enabling the development of highly precise and personalized plans. This reduces the utilization of unnecessary treatments, offering the prospect of improved outcomes and ultimately elevating the quality of life for patients with EC.
Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes the survival and migration of trophoblast cells in a rat model of gestational hypertension by regulating mir-100a/insulin growth factor-2 axis
Authors: Fan Xiu-Mei , Yang Li , Zhao Gang , Huo Sen-Ye , Gao Yan
Published: February 2024

Objective:

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common complication during pregnancy. miR-100a is expressed in the placenta and regulates the survival and development of placental cells. Insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2) may serve as its downstream target. This study investigated the protective mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3 against PE in rat model.

Materials and Methods:

LPS-induced rat PE models were suitable for intravenous administration of the highly expressed miR-100a ginsenoside Rg3 lentiviral vector. Human trophoblasts were cultured in vitrofor JEG-3, and PE cell models were constructed. In vivoeffects on tumor growth and apoptosis were observed. Ginsenoside Rg3 was treated with different concentrations of shRNA, miR-100a analogs, inhibitors, or IGF-2. Autophagy and the expression of autophagy-related proteins were examined. Trophoblast activity and migration were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays. Both drugs strongly inhibited trophoblasts under normal conditions with some synergy between them. Double-luciferase return assay confirmed the binding affinity of miR-100a for IGF-2.

Results:

In response to Rg3, autophagy and the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-I/II, Beclin1, and SQSTM1 were reduced in PE rat placental trophoblasts. Rg3 inhibited autophagy in JEG-3 cells and promoted JEG-3 survival and migration in a concentration-dependent manner. miR-100a upregulated PE expression. These results suggested that autophagy was a vital signaling system. Rg3 intervention inhibited miR-100a expression and miR-100a downregulated IGF-2 expression in placental tissues and promoted autophagy, thereby inhibiting JEG-3 cell survival and migration. In rats, Rg3 inhibited PE development by regulating the activity of the miR-100a-IGF-2 signaling axis.

Conclusion:

Ginsenoside Rg3 positively regulates the miR-100a-IGF-2 axis and protects PE rats by inhibiting trophoblastic autophagy and promoting trophoblastic cell survival and migration.
First palynological results from Spila nad Procjepom cave, Mljet island (Croatia)
Authors:   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Bakrač koraljka , Sirenko Olena ,   The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Geological Science, Kyiv, Ukraine, Hruševar Dario ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zagreb, Croatia, Baniček Ivona ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Novak Vibor ,   Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Quaternary Palaeontology and Geology, Zagreb, Croatia, Kletečki Nataša ,   Elementary School Bogumil Toni, Samobor, Croatia, Oros Sršen Ankica ,   Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Quaternary Palaeontology and Geology, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the first results of palynological research from the Spila nad Procjepom cave, situated in the Mljet National Park, Croatia. The palynological data obtained, enables a partial insight into the local vegetation cover, temporal changes in the vegetation during the accumulation of studied deposits (at ca. 3500 cal years BP), and post-depositional processes that influenced the palynomorph assemblage. Results of palynofacies analysis indicate changes from fluvial (channel deposits), through palustrine to terrestrial environments. Although the interpretation of changes in plant cover, due to the lack of statistical significance, should be taken with caution, preserved pollen types confirm the dominance of the Mediterranean evergreen forest vegetation on Mljet island. Moreover, a high proportion of non-arboreal pollen (NAP) indicates some level of forest degradation, ranging from Mediterranean open forest to degraded maquis. Abundant charcoal additionaly confirms that the cave was inhabited by humans.
Influence of practice location on prescribing, diabetes care, and colorectal cancer screening among Czech general practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bělobrádek Jan , Šídlo Luděk , Philipp Tom
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES: The provision of primary health care was not interrupted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Czechia, although the capacity and resources of providers changed. We examined how the pandemic affected individual general practices throughout 2017-2021, focusing on differences between urban and rural practices.METHODS: We analysed data from the largest health insurance company in Czechia, which provides care to 4.5 million people (60% of the population). We evaluated the prescription volume, diabetes care procedures, and faecal immunochemical test (FIT) in preventive care and new pandemic-related procedures (remote consultations, testing, and vaccinations). For the spatial distribution of practices, we adapted the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development typology.RESULTS: We observed minimal declines in 2020 in the rate of prescribing (-1.0%) and diabetes care (-5.1%), with a rapid resumption in 2021, but a substantial decline in FIT (-17.8% in 2020) with slow resumption. Remote consultations were used by 94% of all practices regardless of location, with testing and vaccinations more commonly performed by rural general practitioners (GPs).CONCLUSIONS: Primary care in Czechia rose to the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, as shown by the finding that the volume of healthcare services provided through primary care did not decrease across most of the monitored parameters. This study also confirmed that rural GPs provide more care in-house, both in terms of prescribing and procedures performed in their practices. Future studies will need to focus on preventive care, which the pandemic has dampened in GP practices in Czechia.
Evaluation des activités antifongiques des levures isolées des épluchures fermentées de deux variétés de Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata: «Kponan», «Krenglè» et de la variété «Bètè Bètè» (Dioscorea alata)
Authors: N'dri Armand Gildas Elvis Yao , Kouadio Irene Ahou , Koffi Louis Ban
Published: February 2024

L’igname est beaucoup consommée dans le monde, principalement en Afrique de l’ouest. Cette consommation génère des épluchures  qui sont très peu utilisées par les consommateurs, surtout en Côte d’Ivoire. De plus, les épluchures d’igname sont souvent abandonnées  comme déchets ménagers, sans aucune perspective de valorisation. La présente étude a donc été réalisée pour offrir une voie de  valorisation des épluchures d’igname. Cette étude a consisté à évaluer les activités antifongiques de 35 souches de levures isolées des  épluchures fermentées des ignames des variétés « Kponan », « Krenglè » et « Bètè Bètè » consommées en Côte d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, la  méthode des disques de papier whatman sur des moisissures toxinogènes à savoir, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus  nidulans et Aspergillus flavus a été utilisée. Les résultats ont révélé que les 35 souches de levures inhibent la croissance des moisissures  toxinogènes testées. Cependant, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans et Aspergillus flavus ont été les plus sensibles à toutes les levures  de chaque variété d’igname. Aspergillus fumigatus a quant à elle été résistante à la plupart des levures isolées. En somme ces levures pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la lutte biologique contre les moisissures toxinogènes dans les procédés industriels.

 

English title: Evaluation of the antifungal activities of yeasts isolated from the fermented peelings of two varieties of Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata:  «Kponan», «Krenglè» and the «Bètè Bètè» variety (Dioscorea alata)

Yam is widely consumed around the world, mainly in West Africa. This consumption generates peelings that are rarely used by  consumers, especially in Côte d'Ivoire. Moreover, yam peelings are often abandoned as household waste, with no prospect of  valorization. Then, the present study was therefore carried out to offer a way of valorization of yam peelings. This study consists on  evaluation of the antifungal activities of 35 yeast strains isolated from the fermented peel of yams of the 'Kponan', 'Krenglè' and 'Bètè  Bètè' varieties consumed in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this objective, the whatman paper disc method was used on the toxinogenic moulds Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that all 35 yeast strains inhibited  the growth of the toxigenic moulds tested. However, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus were the most  sensitive to all yeasts in each yam variety. Aspergillus fumigatus was resistant to most of the yeasts isolated. In short, these yeasts could  play an important role in the biological control of toxigenic moulds in industrial processes.
Evaluation de l’efficacité de composts à base de résidus de récolte du colatier et du caféier sur le bouturage du colatier (Cola nitida [Vent.] Schott and Endlicher.)
Authors: Sery Drolet Jean-Marc , Tokpa Lisette , Zadi Florent , Ouattara Yaya , Amoa Jesus , Ohoueu Ehouman Jean Brice , Gba Karine
Published: February 2024

Les composts à base de résidus de récolte sont de plus en plus utilisés sans évaluation préalable. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer  l’efficacité de quatre types de substrats (terreau ; compost à base de résidus de follicules et de feuilles de cola ; compost à base de  résidus de dépulpage + décorticage du café et compost à base de fientes de poules + résidus de décorticage du café) sur le bouturage de  deux clones de colatiers (315, D3/2L6A4). Le dispositif expérimental était un bloc factoriel disposé en Split-plot avec deux facteurs, le  génotype en grande parcelle et le type de substrat en petite parcelle. Trois mois après repiquage, le terreau a donné les meilleurs  résultats sur le diamètre au collet (4,45±1,63 mm), la production de feuilles (5,25±5,06), la hauteur (10,29±5,64 cm), la longueur des  racines (11,3±11,39 cm) et la matière sèche (1,64±1,61 g). Il est suivi en termes d’efficacité du compost à base de fientes de poules +  résidus de décorticage du café et le compost à base de résidus de follicules de cola. Contrairement au terreau, le compost à base de  résidus de dépulpage + décorticage du café n’est pas adapté pour le bouturage du colatier. La teneur en matière organique, en  phosphore et en potassium du substrat sont déterminants dans la réussite du bouturage. En perspectives, des tests de ces substrats en  combinaison pourraient être envisagés.

 

English title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of composts based on kola tree and coffee tree   harvest residues on kola tree cuttings (Cola  nitida [Vent.] Schott and Endlicher.)

Composts made from harvest residues are increasingly used without prior evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the  effectiveness of four substrates (topsoil; compost based on kola follicle residues; compost based on coffee pulping and hulling residues  and compost based on hen droppings + coffee hulling residues) on the cuttings of two kola tree clones (315, D3/2L6A4). The experimental  device was a factorial block arranged in a Split-plot with two factors, the genotype in a large plot and the type of substrate  in a small plot. Three months after transplanting, the topsoil gave the best results on growth, in particular plant collar diameter (4.45 ±  1.63 mm), the leaves production (5.25 ± 5.06), the plant height (10.29±5.64 cm), root length (11.3±11.39 cm) and plant dry matter  (1.64±1.61 g). It is followed in terms of effectiveness of compost based on chicken droppings + coffee hulling residues and compost based  on cola follicle residues. Unlike topsoil, compost made from residues from pulping + hulling of coffee is not suitable for kola tree  cuttings. The organic matter, phosphorus and potassium content of a substrate are important characteristics in cuttings success. In the  future, tests of these substrates in combination could be considered.
Efficacy of neem oil, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Vernomia colorata extracts on ticks and multi-resistant bacteria isolated from milk in the dairy value chain in Northern Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Traore Sylvain Gnamien , Kallo Vessaly , Azokou Alain , Fokou Gilbert , Seko Malik Orou , Dinde Arlette Olaby , Soro Tinnelo , Ahoua Angora Remi Constant , Krahiboue Ahoulan Blaise , N'dri Kouadio Jerome , Gragnon Biego Guillaume , Cisse Mohamed , Koussemon-Camara Marina
Published: February 2024

Livestock diseases are a major constraint to farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. However, an inadequate use of acaracides and antibiotics for  animal diseases control leads to multi-resistance. Research on medicinal plants can be an alternative. The aim of this study was to assess  the efficacy of three plant extracts on cattle ticks and multi-resistant bacteria isolated in milk from the Korhogo dairy basin. A cross- sectional survey was conducted from March to August 2023 in 24 farms in northern Côte d’Ivoire. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus  and Amblyomma variegatum female adult ticks were sampled. A questionnaire was administrated to farmers on their knowledge and  practices on diseases control. Three plant extracts (Azadirachta indica, Vernomia colorata and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides) were  screened for bio-acaricide and anti-bacterial activities using adult immersion test and disc-diffusion assay respectively. At 5000 parts per  million (ppm), neem oil and hydroalcoholic extract of the stem bark of Z. zanthoxyloides were effective on A. variegatum while only neem  oil at 5000 ppm was active on R. (B) microplus. The three plant extracts at 5000 ppm showed no antibacterial activity on multiresistant  isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Neem oil can be used for plant-based bioacaricide development to control the  resistant cattle tick R. (B) microplus in Côte d’Ivoire.
Caractérisation physico-chimique des composts élaborés à base des fientes de volaille et des déchets phosphatés du Togo
Authors: Afanou Ablam Lazare , Bodjona Magnoudewa Bassai , Diribissakou Ida , Ajavon Ayi Kevin , Edoh Komlavi Hubert , Tchangbedji Gado
Published: February 2024

Le traitement des phosphates naturels du Togo génère des déchets phosphatés (les refus de crible et la boue phosphatée) qui causent  d’énormes problèmes environnementaux immédiats. L’objectif de ce travail était de valoriser ces déchets avec les fientes de volaille en  compost. Quatre composts ont été élaborés : le compost A constitué de 66,7% de fientes de volaille et 33,3% de boue phosphatée ; le  compost B constitué de 66,7% de fientes de volaille et 33,3% de refus de crible ; le compost C constitué de 66,7% de fientes de volailles,  16,7% de boue phosphatée et 16,7% de refus de crible puis le compost D constitué de 100% de fientes de volaille. Tous les composts ont  présenté une température supérieure ou égale à 60°C pendant le processus de maturation. Le compost D seul a présenté un rapport C/N >10. Les teneurs en CaO dans les composts variaient de 55,30 à 73,16 mg/gMS et celles en P2O5 variaient de 34,40 à 140 mg/gMS. Les  teneurs en Na2O et en K2O variaient respectivement de 15,13 à 24,01 mg/gMS et 12,60 à 36,80 mg/gMS. Tous les composts produits  étaient riches en nutriments et pouvaient être utilisés pour restaurer les sols. 

 

English title: Physico-chemical characterization of composts made from poultry droppings and phosphate wastes from Togo

Physico-chemical characterization of composts made from poultry droppings and phosphate wastes from Togo  The processing of    natural phosphates in Togo generates phosphate wastes (sieve residues and phosphate mud) which cause many immediate    environmental problems. The objective of this research work was to recover these wastes with poultry droppings in compost. Four    composts have been elaborated: compost A made up of 66.7% poultry droppings and 33.3% phosphate mud; compost B made up of    66.7% poultry droppings and 33.3% sieve residue; compost C made up of 66.7% poultry droppings, 16.7% phosphate mud and 16.7%   sieve  residue and compost D made up of 100% poultry droppings. All the composts presented a temperature greater than or equal to    60°C during the maturation process. Compost D alone had a C/N ratio of >10. The CaO contents in the composts varied from 55.30 to    73.16 mg/gMS and those of P2O5 varied from 34.40 to 140 mg/gMS. The Na2O and K2O contents varied respectively from 15.13 to 24.01    mg/gMS and 12.60 to 36.80mg/gMS. All the composts produced were rich in nutrients and could be used to refurbish soils.
Unblocking the System to Strengthen Implementation of Early Childhood Development Policies and Practice in South Africa
Authors: Matjokana Tuelo Nelly , Bipath Keshni
Published: February 2024

Government sectors responsible for early childhood development (ECD) often have competing priorities and obligations which manifest through fragmentation, silo conflicts, and power dynamics, thus failing to implement ECD policies in South Africa effectively. This article aims to provide a framework for strengthening the implementation of ECD policies to enhance quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Using a qualitative approach within an interpretive paradigm, data was obtained through open-ended semi-structured interviews, observations, and field notes. Key stakeholders, including ECD managers, practitioners, and education officials, were purposely sampled. The conceptual lens was used for exploring the current implementation of ECD policies at the systems level in the theoretical framework. The findings revealed communication and information blockages at the level of national, provincial, and district offices. As a result, ECD centers were left uninformed of the new policies and frameworks for implementation. A framework that stipulates standardized training for the Department of Education officials, support for ECD principals, managers, and practitioners, and open communication through bi-annual conferences and monthly community of practice (CoP) virtual meetings will ensure that policies are implemented and that quality ECD education is achievable in South Africa.
The Impact of ICT Adoption in Enhancing Teaching and Learning in Primary Schools of Amathole East District, Eastern Cape
Authors: Mapisa Bafundi Zealous , Makena Bulelwa
Published: February 2024

This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) impacts the schooling environment within the primary sector in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province's Amathole East District. ICT adoption in education can fully modify the ways that instruction and learning are given to students, but it also comes with obstacles, especially in the rural primary schools in the Amathole East District. This research intends to shed light on the current ICT status adoption of Amathole East District's primary schools. Three primary schools were chosen, and three research participants from each school were chosen using the purposive sample technique. Data were gathered through focus groups and in-person interviews. The acquired data were analyzed and presented using a thematic approach. It was revealed as the findings that while teachers were willing to embrace ICTs into teaching and learning and had a good attitude toward technology adoption, they needed the necessary ICT competencies. Furthermore, several challenges and barriers were identified, and these included inadequate ICT infrastructure, a shortage of teacher training in technology integration and a lack of access to ICT tools. The study concludes that teacher training programs be expanded, invest in infrastructure development, and develop a comprehensive ICT policy framework. Taking the research's findings into account, the research offers practical recommendations in enhancing ICT adoption, investing in infrastructure development, expanding teacher development opportunities, to formulating a comprehensive ICT strategy framework so that schools are ready to run virtually in the event of another pandemic related to COVID-19.
intervención de las tecnologías digitales en la gestión de la seguridad y salud de las personas trabajadoras
Authors: Macías García María del Carmen
Published: February 2024

Existen multitud de artículos, libros, revistas y programas dedicados a las tecnologías digitales y la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y como estas van a modificar nuestras vidas -si no lo han hecho ya- nuestros hábitos de consumo, de relacionarnos con los demás y, por supuesto, como va a afectar al mundo laboral y al mercado de trabajo con predicciones, casi catastrofistas, de que las personas trabajadoras van a ser sustituidas por robots inteligentes, máquinas o chatbots. No obstante, el tratamiento de la IA en la gestión de la seguridad y salud de las personas trabajadoras en relación con la propuesta de la denominada Ley de Inteligencia Artificial que se está tramitando en la Comisión Europea no cuenta con excesiva literatura científica al respecto. Si bien es cierto que dicha cuestión está siendo estudiada y abordada recientemente por diversos autores. En este estudio tratamos de presentar de una forma clara y sencilla que es una IA, que métodos de gestión de seguridad y salud en los que interviene una IA existen en la actualidad, los riesgos que se derivan de ellos y como hace frente la norma a este reto.
Biostratigraphy of Jeribe Formation in Selected Wells Mansuriyha Gas Field, Eastern Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Hamza , Shakir luay
Published: February 2024

Among the most important formations to be deposited during the Tertiary period was the Jeribe Formation. It has been investigated in two wells (Mn-1 and Mn-2) in the eastern Iraqi Dyala Government's Mansuria Oil Field. To identify fauna, 65 thin sections are examined under a microscope. Benthonic Foraminifera and limestone, occasionally dolomitized, make up its composition. There are twenty species of coralline and foraminiferan algae known to science. There were two unique biozones in the range. These biozones are the Ammonia beccria Linne Range Zone (Middle Miocene) and the Borelis melo curdica (Reichel) Range Zone (Early Miocene). The age of the formation was estimated to be Early Middle-Miocene based on these biozones of Foraminifera and other fossils such as gastropods, pelecypods, coral, fossils, Brayozoa, shell fragments, Echinoderm, echinoid plate, and echinoid spine.
Impact of Petrophysical and Mechanical Properties on Engineering Classification of the Facha Reservoir Rocks, Western Sirte Basin, Libya
Authors: Ben Ghawar Bahia , Zairi Moncef , Elkhoja Naji
Published: February 2024

Rock identification and classification have contributed to the enhancement of drilling oil wells and production reservoir performance. Therefore, understanding the properties of reservoir rocks is a major concern in the petroleum industry. In this context, Young’s modulus and uniaxial compressive strength are major mechanical rock properties essential for defining the engineering classification and modulus ratio of rocks. However, these parameters are used in order to examine the impact of the petrophysical properties on mechanical strength in the Facha member (reservoir) of the Gir Formation in the western central of Sirte Basin, oilfields of central Libya. Dolomite, limestone, dolomitic limestone, and anhydrite are the main lithofacies rock components of this reservoir, as well as of a third member of the Gir Formation (Lower Eocene). Young’s modulus and uniaxial compressive strength were computed from sonic and bulk density well logs data from six wells in four different oil fields. This oil-rich reservoir has an average thickness of 104 m, an average total porosity of 16%, and argillaceous material content (clay) of 4%. According to the engineering classification chart of Deere and Miller, the Facha reservoir rocks have a very low class (E < 27.5 Mpa) to high strength class (B ≈ 110-220 Mpa) and have a medium-to-high modulus ratio (M ≈ 200–500 and H ≈ 500). Generally, the diagenesis process, for instance dolomitization, affected both the strength and the modulus ratio.
Empoderamiento y modernización: análisis de la gestión pública en un gobierno local del Perú
Authors: Ingunza Nesterenko Miguel Antonio , Torero Solano de Martel Nathalie Zinzia
Published: February 2024

Objetivo. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es conocer en qué medida el empoderamiento de los recursos humanos influye en el marco de la modernización de la gestión pública  en la Municipalidad Provincial de Ambo, tomando en consideración aspectos fundamentales como las características y principios del empoderamiento. Métodos. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada y de nivel descriptivo correlacional. Las técnicas utilizadas para la recolección de datos fueron la investigación documental y el análisis de contenido. El procedimiento de análisis se llevó a cabo mediante un razonamiento crítico. Resultados. Los resultados presentados respaldan la hipótesis general, indicando una correlación positiva media (r = 0,422) entre el empoderamiento y la modernización en la gestión pública de la Municipalidad Provincial de Ambo en 2019. Conclusiones. Se concluye que el empoderamiento, al capacitar a los trabajadores para la toma de decisiones, fomenta una comunicación fluida y un liderazgo compartido.
DETEKSI AREA KERUSAKAN PADA CITRA TERUMBU KARANG AKIBAT CORAL BLEACHING BERBASIS PENGOLAHAN CITRA DIGITAL
Authors: Muchtar Mutmainnah , Riska Riska
Published: February 2024

Coral reefs have a very large role in marine ecosystems, because they provide rich habitats and support biodiversity. Segmentation on images of coral reefs experiencing coral bleaching is also very important. Coral bleaching is a phenomenon in which coral reefs lose their symbiotic algae pigments, resulting in bleaching and possibly death of coral reefs. By segmenting coral reef images that experience coral bleaching, we can separate areas affected by bleaching from areas that are still healthy. This study aims to detect areas of damage that occur in underwater images of coral reefs that have experienced coral bleaching. By using techniques in digital image processing and segmentation based on colour intensity, satisfactory results are obtained. The test results show that the RAE and ME values are quite low, namely 0.051 and 0.035 respectively with an average processing time of 0.2 seconds. This research is expected to assist in further analysis and modelling related to coral bleaching to understand the causative factors and develop appropriate protection strategies.
Frailty-aware surgical care: Validation of Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) in older surgical patients
Authors: Chau Christine Shi Min , Ee Samuel Cheng En , Huang Xiaoting , Siow Wei Shyan , Tan Michelle Bee Hua , Sim Sarah Kher Ru , Chang Ting Yu , Kwok Kah Meng , Ng Kangqi , Yeo Li Fang , Lim Aileen , Sim Lydia Euphemia , Conroy Simon , Rosario Barbara Helen
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Frailty has an important impact on the health outcomes of older patients, and frailty screening is recommended as part of perioperative evaluation. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) is a validated tool that highlights frailty risk using 109 International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes. In this study, we aim to compare HFRS to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and validate HFRS as a predictor of adverse outcomes in Asian patients admitted to surgical services.

Method: A retrospective study of electronic health records (EHR) was undertaken in patients aged 65 years and above who were discharged from surgical services between 1 April 2022 to 31 July 2022. Patients were stratified into low (HFRS <5), intermediate (HFRS 5–15) and high (HFRS >15) risk of frailty.

Results: Those at high risk of frailty were older and more likely to be men. They were also likely to have more comorbidities and a higher CCI than those at low risk of frailty. High HFRS scores were associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes, such as mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission. When used in combination with CCI, there was better prediction of mortality at 90 and 270 days, and 30-day readmission.

Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first validation of HFRS in Singapore in surgical patients and confirms that high-risk HFRS predicts long LOS (≥7days), increased unplanned hospital readmissions (both 30-day and 270-day) and increased mortality (inpatient, 10-day, 30-day, 90-day, 270-day) compared with those at low risk of frailty.