bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a Deep Leaning-based Approach for Hadith Classification
Authors: Najeeb Moath Mustafa Ahmad
Published: February 2022

The exploration of Hadith sciences gains significant consideration over the most recent couple of years. Hadith is mostly the sayings of Prophet Mohammad. The Holy Quran represents the first origin of law in Islam then Hadith takes the second role. Many research efforts manage Hadith with respect to the “Isnad” and “Matn”; which are the main two pieces of Hadith. In this paper, we examine the chance of utilizing Deep Learning to process Isnad of Hadiths. Consequently, a definitive objective of our framework is to help in the systematic classification of Hadiths and differentiate among the correct (“Sahih”) Hadiths and the not accurate (“Da'ief”) Hadiths.
Grammar Engineering for the Ekegusii Language in Grammatical Framework
Authors: Kituku Benson , Nganga Wanjiku , Muchemi Lawrence
Published: February 2022

The knowledge-driven economy uses technology, thereby increasing the demand for language tools and resources to acquire and distribute the knowledge. Such tools and resources are scarce for the under resourced, spoken Bantu languages. This paper develops a computational grammar for the Ekegusii language in the Grammatical Framework (GF) to bridge the gap. The grammar development uses a bottom-up and modular-driven approach. A machine translation experiment was set up to evaluate the grammar resulting in BLEU and PER of 55.95% and 19.49%, respectively. This work contributes by providing computational grammar for an under-resourced language, thus providing a platform for analysis and synthesis, plus a machine translation within the GF ecosystem.
The Other Side: Negative Impacts of Exploiting Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Ebube Orisa F. , Akan Etim E.
Published: February 2022

The increasing demand for energy threatens the earth with climate change due to emission of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels. This has been the major driver for green energy. Renewable energy has the potential to reduce the negative effects of energy production on the environment at a global scale. However, the technology to harness the energy from renewable sources have only been well developed for the electricity market. Expanding the scope to supply other markets and sectors would lead to increase in demand on rare earth minerals which will reciprocally create negative environmental and socio-economic impacts.  In order to mitigate such impacts, strong regulatory policies will be required to control different aspects of renewable energy sources, the scale of production and footprint on the environment. Recycling renewable energy technology is a step in the right direction. However, the cost of recycling is found to be 5 times the cost of mining. This would affect the price of energy generated from renewable energy sources on a long run. A shift from fossil fuel would imply at least 20 trillion dollars in stranded assets which would trigger a financial collapse. This collapse would possibly lead to the complete loss of the oil, gas and coal industries, power producers, insurance companies and banks that hold loans for these industries.
Modelling Production of Renewable Energy from Water Splitting High Thermal Electrolysis Processes
Authors: Ebuehi Osaretin N.I. , Abhulimen Kingsley , Adebesin Daniel O.
Published: February 2022

Recently, fuel gas from water has become the center of attention because it is a renewable source of energy and eco-friendly. In this study, the hydrogen gas simulated was obtained from the high-temperature water splitting electrolysis model, because it is more efficient than the low-temperature water splitting electrolysis process. It also releases oxygen as a byproduct. The high-temperature electrolysis model is made up of three loops: primary high-temperature helium loop, secondary helium loop, and high-temperature electrolysis loop. Hydrogen gave a temperature of 27.20C, a pressure of 49.5 bars, and a molar flow of 84.02MMSCFD. The hydrogen gas from a high-temperature electrolysis model is simulated with a CO2 gas stream to produce methane and water, also releasing unreacted carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Key parameters such as molar entropy, molar enthalpy, heat flow, and cost flow were evaluated by Aspen HYSYS V8.8. The simulation model used for this work is the Sabatier Process Model. In this model, Continuous stirred tank, Converter, Equilibrium, Gibbs, Plug flow reactors were used to generate methane. The Converter reactor gave the highest yield of methane gas with a mole fraction of 0.2390. Key benchmarks, including temperature, heat flow, cost flow, cost factor were varied to see how they can affect methane gas and other products.
Asynchronous Collaborative and Interactive Learning Support System
Authors: Hadiana A. , Leiliawati L. , Muslih M. , Rohmanto R. , Natalia N. , Sudaryo Y.
Published: February 2022

We propose in this paper an educational distance learning support system to provide learning environment in higher education especially it is very important during Covid-19 pandemic. This system provides the collaboration functions among students, in order to make students more active and interactive in learning process based on web technology without any restriction of time and place, and also in order to decrease teachers’ load. In this system students are endorsed to collaborate each other for constructing shared knowledge as much as possible according to their level of knowledge. Students can make discussions or ask some questions collaboratively to acquire more knowledge which cannot be gained through lessons. We describe the concept of this system including its architecture.
Design and Implementation of an Esp32-Based Smart Embedded Industrial Poultry Farm
Authors: Ezema Longinus S. , Ifediora Elochukwu C. , Olukunle Akande A. , Onuekwusi Nnaemeka C.
Published: February 2022

Many poultry farmers are performing diverse operations manually. They, therefore, experience a huge financial loss as a result of their inability to properly automate the monitoring and control of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, air quality, and to ensure an adequate supply of light and water. These factors adversely affect the chicks and lead to respiratory, digestive, and behavioural disorders. This affects the chicks’ food intake and leads to an increase in mortality rate and chances of diseases. Therefore, this paper seeks to address these factors by developing an embedded poultry farm. The system was developed using an advanced yet low-cost and low-power System-on-Chip offering WiFi baseband processor and a plethora of peripheral interfaces for the actuators and sensors while Arduino emulator in Proteus 8 was the tool used for the design simulation. The system when tested was able to sense environmental parameter status wirelessly and responds accordingly to regulate and maintain an optimum condition for improved health condition for the chicks. The automated system will help for the purpose of improving productivity and environmental or climatic conditions in the poultry farm, making it conducive for the broiler chicks.
The Features of Electronic Conduction in InAs
Authors: Khutsishvilii E. , Chubinishvili Z. , Kekelidze G. , Kalandadze I. , Qamushadze T. , Metskhvarishvili M.
Published: February 2022

The electrical properties of n-type crystals of InAs compound, grown from stoichiometric melt by the horizontal zone melting method, have been investigated in the temperature range of 4.2 K-300 K before and after fast neutron irradiation up to high integral fluences of 2×1018n?cm-2. At a fixed temperature electrons concentration (n) increases almost by one order during irradiation, and practically does not change with increasing of temperature. n increases only slightly by increasing of temperature near 300 K, both before and after irradiation. When  ? 4×1018cm-3 the change of  during irradiation is negligible. Comparison of experimental data of mobility with theory shows that the privileged scattering mechanism of electrons at 300 K is scattering on optical phonons in InAs with  1016-1017 cm-3 and scattering on ions of impurity in InAs with n~1018-1019 cm-3. The analysis shows that during irradiation point type scattering centers of donor-type structural defects with shallow levels in the forbidden zone appear. Consequently, the mobility decreases during irradiation. At 300 K in  sample with electrons concentration of 3×1016 cm-3 the mobility decreases by 5 times after irradiation, which is equivalent to the formation of 1.5×1019cm-3 charged point scattering centers.
Experimental Study of the Use of Phase Change Materials as Cooling Media on Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Thaib Razali , Umar Hamdani , Rizal T. Azuar
Published: February 2022

Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a combination of electrical technology from photovoltaic solar panels (PV) with building construction. The PV panel was mounted onto the frames attached to the building's main outer wall. When solar radiation energy comes into contact on the PV surface, some part is reflected in the surroundings while mostly absorbed in the PV panel. The energy absorbed is converted into electricity while the rest dissipates into thermal energy, which increases the surface temperature of PV. The increases in the panels' surface temperature negatively impact the electrical output and PV panels' long-term reliability. One of them is the use of phase change materials (PCM) as heat storage materials. This research also emphasizes the use of beeswax as a material for storing heat energy. Using the T-History method by fusing beeswax, show that the temperature range between 49,40 to 57.15 oC with latent enthalpy 151.65 kJ/kg. In this research, we tested the use of PCM as a heat storage material for PV panels. Two types of containers to accommodate PCM are used, triangular containers and semicircular containers. From the test results, it was found that beeswax can function well as a heat storage so that the surface temperature of the PV + PCM panel is lower than that of standard PV. So that the voltage generated is higher than standard PV panels.
Estimation of Living Stature from Foot Dimensions in Uturu Indigenes of Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Oghenemavwe Loveday Ese , Egwede Oghenekome Blessing
Published: February 2022

Stature estimation is an important process in human identification. The aim of the study was to derive regression formulae for estimation of stature from foot dimensions in Uturu indigenes of Abia State. The sample consists of 150 subjects comprising of 69 males and 81 females between 18 to 50 years of age. The parameters measured were age, stature, foot length and foot width. The mean age, stature, foot length and foot width were 29.78 ±1.08 years, 1738.26 ±9.34 mm, 261.53 ±2.01 mm, 84.53 ±0.94 mm for males and 27.04 ±0.89 years, 1648.64 ±7.61mm, 242.36 ±1.80 mm, 76.14 ±0.72 mm for females respectively. The highest correlation was found between the stature and foot length in males (r = 0.68). Regression formulae were St = 2.2926(FL) + 1093.0 mm and St = 2.3637(FW) + 1467.1 mm for females and St= 3.1687(FL) + 909.54 mm and 4.6857(FW) + 1342.20 mm for males. The foot length is a more reliable for estimating stature in Uturu indigenes of Abia.
Adult Day Programs in the New Reality of High Prevalence of Dementia-with A Toronto Case Study
Authors: Dong Weizhen
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Adult Day Programs (ADPs) have been playing an important role providing services to community dwelling elders and their families in health-related prevention, intervention, and family caregiver support. At the time when there is a high prevalence of dementia among older elders, demand for such services will grow. Learn the experiences of ADPs can help identifying service gaps, which are crucial for developing measures to improve such programs’ effectiveness.

Methods: This is a case study on the ADPs at the Toronto Geriatric Centre with qualitative research strategy. Interviews and focus group discussions were the data collection methods employed to gather feedbacks from its staff members, clients, and family caregivers.

Results: The ADPs at the TGC are helpful to their clients and their families, but have issues in language accessibility, physical accessibility (programs’ schedule and transportation), financial accessibility (affordability), and care accessibility-there is a lack of professional caregivers for those participants who need onsite care.

Discussion: The high prevalence of dementia among ADPs’ clients and the resource shortage are the main difficulties facing the TGC. If it was to achieve its intended goal, more resources are needed for their improvements in accessibility, which would involve a user-friendly operation schedule, free or minor-cost transportation, and sufficient program staffing that include professional caregivers. Covid-19 pandemic poses challenges to the entire eldercare sector. ADPs’ post-pandemic arrangements should address emerging needs of the elders they serve. Community elders, especially those persons with dementia, and their families need ADPs for aging at home.
Factors Associated with Intention to Utilize Cervical Cancer Prevention Strategies among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ani O. B. , Aimakhu C. O. , Morhason-Bello I. O.
Published: February 2022

Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among women in Nigeria, with one-third of all cases occurring during the reproductive period. However, different barriers, including the unaffordability of vaccines and ineffective screening programs, delay preventive measures. Hence, the need to adequately tackle those barriers to improve uptake. Using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, the descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted to gather data from 344 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in three hospitals in Ibadan. Data collected were entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0. Frequency distribution tables, mean, figures, and multinomial logistics regression were used to summarize and present the data. Most Pregnant women, 34.3%, were aged between 25-29 years, with 35.8.% of them having poor knowledge of HPV, while 61.1% had poor knowledge of cervical cancer. Also, 43.3% of the participants had never heard of HPV. In addition, 47.7% of respondents stated that distance to a health facility could hinder their utilization of cervical cancer prevention strategies. The multinomial logistic regression showed a significant association between awareness of HPV Vaccination and plan for HPV vaccination aOR 0.32 CI (0.14 – 0.76), and plan for cervical cancer screening aOR 0.24 CI (0.11 – 0.53) respectively. It is crucial to correct the negative perception and attitude towards cervical cancer and its preventive measures to help to increase its adoption.
Characteristics of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients With COVID-19 and Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Zavidovići, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Huseinagić Senad , Sarajlić-Spahić Selvedina , Bašić Fatima , Durmišević Jasmin , Ibrahimagić Amir
Published: February 2022

Human coronaviruses are agent which cause respiratory illnesses and have been described to be continously emerging. Seroprevalence of IgM/IgG antibodies was determined by lateral flow immunoassay. Study were include data on participants experience of COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic (including symptoms and health status). Among 443 serum samples for detection seroprevalence, 186 (42.0%) were seropositive on specific antibodies (IgM/IgG) or participants who had COVID-19 with or without symptoms. Of the seropositive the age group 25-50 years old had the highest percentage (32.8%) followed by 51-64 years (30.6%). Ninety seropositive patients (out of 186; 48.4%) were detected with the specific symptoms. The most frequently symptoms were fever (n=54, out of 90; 60.0%), muscle pain (46.7%), dry cough and loss of smell (36.7%) and others. More than one symptoms were detected in 59 cases (65.6%). The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (n=12, out of 186; 6.5%), than hypertension (nine; 4.8%) and heart diseases (seven; 3.8%). More than half of seropositive were asymptomatic (n=96, out of 186; 51.6%). Note: In period March 2020 - June 2021, among 3323 samples, 804 (24.2%) were positive on SARS-CoV-19 with RT-PCR. The results showed that 394 (out of 804; 49.0%) positive samples were collected from female and 410 (51.0%) from male. The most prevalent of SARS-CoV-19 viruses were detected in > 65 years old (n=267, out of 804; 33.2%). Further research on the contribution of symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals to the community spread of COVID-19 is essential for effective control of the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2.
On Religious Faith, Christianity, and the Foundation of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Helland Inge Svein
Published: February 2022

On several levels, there is now a debate whether the concept of God can be made compatible with modern science. In an attempt to elucidate this debate, I give an account of my own experiences from writing a book on the foundation of quantum mechanics. In my opinion, one can give two independent arguments for the existence of God by taking as departure an epistemic (knowledge-based) interpretation of quantum theory. However, I also argue that any religious belief should be the result of an existential choice governed by each person’s own context (history and culture). In particular, I give my account of Christianity as a religion connected to our western culture, how one as a scientist can relate to the relevant dogmas.
Efficiency of mechanical dampers of torsional vibration of marine internal combustion engines
Authors: Sibryaev Konstantin Olegovich , Pokusaev Mikhail Nikolaevich , Gorbachev Maxim Michailovich , Ibadullaev Adel Damirovich
Published: February 2022

The article considers the danger of torsional vibrations in ship power plants, which is recognized by leading specialists of the shipbuilding, engine-building and ship repair industries and supervisory authorities – the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS), the Russian River Register (RRR), as well as foreign classification societies. There are a number of factors that can lead to serious accidents due to torsional vibrations, therefore, dampers (liquid or mechanical) are installed on the crankshafts of marine engines to reduce the oscillation amplitudes and tangential twisting stresses in the shafts and flexible elements of the coupling couplings of the engine-propulsion complex. Since the warranty period of the dampers is 30,000 hours, the shipowners need to make periodic measurements (on average, after 15,000 hours) using a torsiography method, upon the results of which an approximate residual life of the dampers is established until the next check. A special feature in the operation of mechanical dampers in marine diesel engines is the lack of methods approved by the supervisory authorities – RMRS and RRR for the non-selective assessment of the residual life of mechanical dampers, due to the fact that previously mechanical dampers were not used so widely in marine diesels. There have been analyzed the factors and criteria that affect the performance of mechanical torsional vibration dampers and can be used in the development of a method for non-selective diagnostics and assignment of the residual life of mechanical torsional vibration dampers of marine internal combustion engines.
Improving efficiency of dredger electric power system
Authors: Kechkin Aleksei  Olegovich , Plekhov Aleksandr Sergeevich , Khvatov Oleg Stanislavovich
Published: February 2022

Most river dredgers are equipped with several electric positioning drives, a soil pump electric drive and a hydraulic washing pump. The listed electric drives are the main consumers of electricity from the dredger diesel generators. It is necessary to change the structure of the ship electric power network in order to reduce fuel consumption by diesel generators. The energy characteristics of the dredger electric drive system with a different configuration of the converter equipment are determined. Simulation models of the dredger DC and AC power systems have been developed. The models were built using MATLAB Simulink software and SimPowerSystem library. Application of simulation models made it possible to assess the efficiency of using a DC bus in the power system of the dredger. The circuits of the dredger electric power system, electric drives of cross-dredging winches are illustrated. The operation modes of electric drives of cross-dredging winches are analyzed. The necessity of analyzing the operation of electric drives and of developing the control signals for the braking resistors of the frequency converter in the power control system is revealed. The parameters of the presented electric drives and their values are considered. The expressions for calculating the total power of the system nodes are given, taking into account the characteristics of the operating modes of the dredger electric drives based on an alternating current network. Using the developed version of the power system contributes to saving capital costs and specific fuel consumption. Modernization of the power system helps reduce the power of diesel generators, increase the efficiency of the system and reduce the power of the ventilation system of compartments with winch frequency converters, due to regenerative braking by the electric drives.
Peningkatan Stabilitas Fitokonstituen melalui Pendekatan Mikroenkapsulasi
Authors: Wati Rosa Riau , Sriwidodo Sriwidodo , Chaerunisa Anis Yohana
Published: February 2022

Mikroenkapsulasi adalah teknologi  untuk menyalut atau melapisi suatu zat inti dengan suatu lapisan dinding polimer sehingga menjadi partikel-partikel berukuran mikro. Tujuan dari mikroenkapsulasi melindungi zat inti dari pengaruh lingkungan,  menutupi rasa dan bau tidak enak, menyatukan zat-zat yang tidak tersatukan baik secara fisika maupun secara kimia, menurunkan sifat iritasi  zat inti terhadap saluran cerna, mengatur pelepasan inti dan memperbaiki stabilitas bahan inti. Berdasarkan hasil dari para peneliti melalui pendekatan mikroenkapsulsi. Mikroenkapsulasi dapat melindungi senyawa dari berbagai faktor lingkungan seperti oksidasi, degradasi, suhu, kelembaban dan cahaya,  dapat memperpanjang umur simpan produk   menutupi rasa dan bau aromatik. Dapat meningkatkan stabilitas pada senyawa yang bersifat volatil  dan  meningkatkan bioavabilitas, sehingga mikroenkapsulasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai pilihan untuk sediaan bahan alam berupa ekstrak, karena bahan alam berupa ekstrak umumnya memiliki stabilitas yang tidak baik, seperti mudah teroksidasi, degradasi, dan fotolisis, selain itu memiliki kelarutan yang rendah dan bioavaibilitas yang rendah. Dengan demikian melalui pendekatan mikroenkapsulasi ini dapat meningkatkan stabilitas ekstrak, melindungi senyawa aktif, dan mencegah penurunan aktivitas. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan beberapa referensi yang didapatkan dari database dan dengan instrumen pencarian online yang diterbitkan secara  internasional. Referensi yang didapatkan berasal dari database elektronik seperti google scholar, sciendirect, NCBI dari tahun 2010-2020.
Review Komposit Pati–Kitosan: Perannya dalam Berbagai Sistem Penghantaran Obat
Authors: Zulvianti Putri Nabila , Lestari Pramulani Mulya , Nining Nining
Published: February 2022

AbstrakPati adalah polisakarida yang berasal dari alam yang banyak terdapat secara luas dalam biji, buah, akar, dan batang. Pati sering digunakan sebagai salah satu zat tambahan dalam sediaan farmasi karena pati memiliki sifat polimer hidrofilik yang dapat dengan mudah diubah menjadi berbagai bentuk karena tidak beracun, bersifat biodegradable, inert, biokompatibilitas, mudah ditemukan dan harganya yang relatif murah. Dalam dunia farmasi untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi dari pati biasanya pati sering digabungkan dengan kitosan sebagai komposit, karena penggabungan tersebut dapat meningkatkan kelarutan, mengurangi toksisitas dalam tubuh, meningkatkan aktivitas farmakologi, meningkatkan stabilitas, meningkatkan biodegradabilitas dan memberikan sifat unggul pada sediaan tersebut. Penulisan review artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang penggunaan komposit pati-kitosan sebagai eksipien dalam berbagai sistem penghantaran obat. Penulisan karya tulis ilmiah ini menggunakan review pustaka. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan menggunakan database Google, Google Schoolar, Science Direct, Pubmed dan MDPI. Sumber pustaka yang digunakan yaitu 10 tahun terakhir dengan rentang tahun 2011-2021 dengan kriteria inkulsi yaitu komposit pati kitosan yang memiliki peran dalam sistem penghantaran obat; kriteria eksklusi yaitu pati dan kitosan yang tidak relevan. Berdasarkan review artikel yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil dari pati dan kitosan yang dapat digunakan untuk sistem penghantaran obat dalam berbagai sediaan seperti film, nanopartikel, tablet dan juga gel. adanya peningkatan manfaat pada komposit pati kitosan dalam sediaan film, nanopartikel, tablet dan juga gel. Komposit ini dapat memberikan material baru yang lebih optimal dibandingkan dengan penggunaan tunggal.
Review: Komposit Polimer Pektin dalam Sistem Penghantaran Obat
Authors: Sari Devi Puspita , Lestari Pramulani Mulya , Nining Nining
Published: February 2022

Pektin merupakan polisakarida yang berlimpah di alam dan memiliki kegunaan yang menjanjikan dalam bidang farmasi. Pektin tahan terhadap enzim pencernaan namun gel pektin dapat membengkak dalam media berair dan sejumlah kecil senyawa dapat dilepaskan ke saluran gastrointestinal. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan mengembangkan komposit pektin yang diperoleh dari penggabungan polimer pektin dengan polimer lain. Artikel ini membahas tentang interaksi pektin dengan polimer lain dalam berbagai sistem penghantaran obat. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel review adalah dengan meninjau jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan secara nasional dan internasional yang diperoleh dari Google, Google Scholar, Pubmed dan Science Direct. Dari beberapa penelitian terkait, sistem penghantaran yang telah dikembangkan dan dilaporkan berupa film, hidrogel, sistem partikulat dan tablet. Polimer lain seperti alginat, protein, kitosan, gelatin dan pati diketahui dapat memperbaiki sifat pektin sehingga komposit pektin dapat digunakan sebagai penghantaran obat terkontrol. Dengan demikian, pengembangan sistem penghantaran obat lainnya dengan komposit pektin menjadi peluang dan tantangan di masa yang akan datang.
A General Perspective about Institutional Rankings, Ranking Framework, Benefits of Rankings and Ranking Methodological Flaws
Authors: Ali Mohammad Ghulam Ali
Published: February 2022

Ranking scales is an important tool which serves learning outcomes. Accuracy of Ranking depends upon how accurately & honestly the data is submitted according to the ranking methodology, how accurately Peers are giving their responses and how efficiently the ranking agencies are validating and evaluating the submitted data. However, giving more emphasis on pedagogy, teaching & learning environment, periodic curriculum review, strengthening the existing infrastructure resource, graduate outcome in minimum stipulated time, employability including entrepreneurship and higher studies, regular evaluation & assessments, research & outcomes, collaborations and new course offering according to the market demand, Ranking will improve, International outlook will also improve accordingly. Ranking is essential for strategic planning and enhancement of institutional transparency and stimulating the quality culture in education. Rankings also influence national and international partnerships and collaborations. Rankings are a manifestation of global competition and are used as a policy instrument. Rankings are provoking an important debate about the quality and performance of HEIs. We can also say one of the manifestations of Rankings is to build a competitive institutional competence of world class universities. In this paper, I have discussed mainly on general perspective about institutional rankings, ranking framework, benefits of rankings and flaws in the ranking methodology.
Factors Influencing Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion in Nigeria: A Case Study of Wukari, Taraba State
Authors: Bako Paul Matudi
Published: February 2022

Objective – The goal of this study is to assess several factors that influence tax avoidance and evasion in Nigeria, with a focus on Wukari, Taraba State. Particularly this study is aimed to ascertain the influence of corruption on individual tax avoidance and evasion in Nigeria, whether lack of transparency and accountability in public institutions influences individual tax avoidance and evasion in Nigeria, to examine the influence of tax system injustice on individual tax avoidance and evasion in Nigeria, and to evaluate the impact of tax system complexity on individual tax avoidance and evasion in Nigeria. Design/methodology – This study adopts a survey research design with a sample size of 308 questionnaires administered and 230 questionnaires were collected which represents 75% response rate. Descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and percentages, inferential statistics like multiple regressions were used. Results – It was found that corruption, lack of transparency and accountability, tax system injustice and tax system complexity all have a substantial impact on tax avoidance and evasion in Nigeria. Urgent step should be taken by public office holders in particular and government representatives in general to live above board when it comes to transparency and accountability. In addition, there should be zero tolerance for corruption within and outside the tax system; anyone found guilty of corruption should be made to face the wrath of the law. Conclusively, Nigeria government should make deliberate efforts to ensure the nation’s financial statement is published depicting our revenue as well as expenditure incurred regularly (monthly basis, quarterly or annually). Limitation/Suggestion – This study concentrated on only four factors identified to have an influence on tax avoidance and evasion in Nigeria. It is also constrained to Wukari, Taraba State which is just one amongst the sixteen local governments in the State and as such may not be applicable to other local governments within and outside the State.
EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL KESEHATAN DI PUSKEMAS III DENPASAR SELATAN DAN JARINGANNYA DI DENPASAR, BALI
Authors: Paul Andrew , Januraga Pande Putu
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAKPemerintah telah membantu Puskesmas dan jaringannya di setiap daerah melalui dana Bantuan Operasional Kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji manfaat dana BOK yang diterima oleh Puskesmas dan yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap Kepala Puskesmas, Kepala Tata Usaha, Bendahara BOK, Penanggungjawab Promotif Preventif, Penanggungjawab KIA/KB dan Imunisasi, serta wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa pengguna yang biasa menggunakan jasa Puskesmas. Manfaat dana BOK untuk Puskesmas ditinjau dari segi manajemen untuk mendukung kegiatan promotif preventif serta dapat memperluas cakupan program. Berikutnya terpenuhinya sumber biaya untuk kegiatan yang mencakup SPM sehingga dapat terlaksana sesuai jadwal. Kemudian kegiatan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak serta Imunisasi dapat berjalan dengan baik. Sedangkan manfaat dari segi operasional adalah dapat menjangkau lapisan masyarakat seluas-luasnya melalui kegiatan di luar Puskesmas. Manfaat dana BOK untuk masyarakat dalam hal kualitas layanan adalah adanya peningkatan dalam pelayanan. Sedangkan manfaat dalam hal kemudahan akses adalah dalam hal antrian loket tidak lagi terlalu lama. Privatisasi juga menjadi jauh lebih baik karena sudah tersedia lebih banyak ruangan-ruangan pemeriksaan. Untuk ke depannya diharapkan agar juknis operasional dana BOK dapat diperbaharui. Untuk seluruh staf Puskesmas agar pelayanan yang sudah baik tetap dipertahankan bahkan ditingkatkan.Kata Kunci: BOK, Promotif dan Preventif, Manfaat
ANALISIS KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS, KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT, SERTA PERILAKU PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DAN LIMBAH CAIR PADA MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR SUNGAI AYUNG, DESA KESIMAN PETILAN – KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Bawanti Rahmi Ni Luh Made Angnidiah Sri Sahanita , Purnama I Gede Herry
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAKSungai memiliki peranan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat, mulai dari untuk sarana irigasi hingga dijadikan sumber air baku untuk air bersih. Namun, keberadaan sungai saat ini terancam oleh adanya pencemaran. Sebagai salah satu sungai terpanjang di Provinsi Bali, Sungai Ayung juga memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan objek wisata. Hal ini menyebabkaan kelestarian Sungai Ayung perlu dijaga. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air sungai pada segmen yang akan dijadikan area wisata air baru, dilihat dari sisi bakteriologis dan kandungan logam berat pada sedimen sungai, serta untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku masyarakat di bantaran Sungai Ayung dalam pengelolaan sampah dan limbah cair. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, kandungan Coliform dan Escherecia coli pada ketiga segmen Sungai Ayung melebihi batas normal, sehingga air Sungai Ayung sudah tercemar dari sisi bakteriologis dan logam berat. Selain itu, perilaku masyarakat dalam membuang sampah dan limbah cair rumah tangga di sekitar Sungai Ayung masih perlu ditingkatkan agar tidak mencemari lingkungan dan Sungai Ayung. Oleh sebab itu, perlu adanya upaya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat dalam menjaga kelestarian Sungai Ayung.Kata kunci: Bakteriologis, Logam Berat, Sampah, Limbah Cair, Sungai Ayung
STRATEGI PUSKESMAS KUTA II DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN DAN MENINGKATKAN MUTU PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Astari Ni Komang Yudi Sri , Januraga Pande Putu
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAKPuskesmas sebagai salah satu penyedia layanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat perlu memiliki mutu pelayanan yang berkualitas sesuai dengan harapan masyarakat untuk dapat menjaga kepuasan serta kepercayaan pasien khususnya di masa pandemi COVID-19 seperti saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui strategi dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di Puskesmas Kuta II Kabupaten Badung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Informan dari penelitian ini merupakan petugas dari Puskesmas Kuta II sejumlah 17 orang yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan pedoman wawancara mendalam dan lembar observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang ditetapkan oleh Puskesmas Kuta II dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 telah mencakup seluruh aspek yang terdapat pada 4 prinsip penjaminan mutu dan 5 dimensi mutu dengan lebih menekankan pada selalu memenuhi kebutuhan atau harapan pelanggan dengan berusaha memberikan fasilitas yang baik serta memberikan pelayanan yang cepat, tepat, dan aman. Namun, dalam pelaksanaan strategi tersebut terdapat beberapa kendala seperti terbatasnya tempat yang ada dan SDM yang belum memadai. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan adanya peningkatan manajemen SDM dan peningkatan penataan ruangan di puskesmas.Kata Kunci: Strategi, Mutu Pelayanan Kesehatan, Puskesmas
KONTAMINASI BAKTERI PADA UANG KERTAS : SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Indrawan Putu Nanda
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAKUang digunakan dalam segala aktivitas pembayaran atau transaksi barang dan jasa dalam masyarakat, sehingga dalam waktu yang lama berpotensi menyebabkan kontaminasi silang akibat adanya mikroorganisme patogen pada uang yang mengkontaminasi makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontaminasi bakteri pada uang kertas berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan selama satu dekade terakhir. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode systematic review. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil penelitian yang peneliti review. Tiga spesies utama bakteri pencemar uang kertas, yaitu Staphylococcus aureus teridentifikasi sebanyak 23 artikel dengan persentase 92% dari jumlah artikel yang direview, diikuti oleh Escherichia coli pada 15 artikel (60%), Klebsiella sebanyak 14 artikel (56%), dan beberapa bakteri patogen lainnya. Literatur yang direview juga melaporkan bahwa uang kertas juga dilaporkan terkontaminasi fungi, virus dan parasit patogen. Adapun faktor yang dilaporkan paling konsisten mempengaruhi adanya bakteri pada uang kertas adalah; personal hygiene, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, sanitasi lingkungan, lamanya uang beredar, dan material uang kertas. Hasil review ini mengindikasikan bahwa uang kertas memiliki potensi yang tinggi sebagai reservoir terhadap bakteri patogen yang dapat menyebabkan foodborne disease.Kata Kunci: Kontaminasi Bakteri, Systematic Review, Uang Kertas
ANALISIS SURVIVAL PASIEN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIS DENGAN TERAPI PENGGANTI GINJAL DI RUMAH SAKIT PGI CIKINI PERIODE 2015-2020
Authors: Siahaan Paskalia Clara , Astuti Putu Ayu Swandewi
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAK

Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) telah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang mempengaruhi sebesar 10-16% populasi orang dewasa di seluruh dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui survival pasien serta faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap survival pasien PGK yang menjalani terapi pengganti ginjal. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan rancangan studi hystorical cohort. Sebanyak 405 pasien digunakan sebagai kohort. Data dianalisis dengan metode Life Table, Kaplan Meier, Log Rank Test, dan uji Cox Regression. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata survival pasien PGK dengan terapi pengganti ginjal adalah 50,7 bulan. Faktor yang berpengaruh bermakna terhadap survival pasien adalah kadar albumin (HR=0,499; 95% CI=0,345 – 0,846; p=0,001), umur pertama kali menjalani terapi pengganti ginjal (HR=1,027; 95% CI=0,997 – 1,041; p=0,009), dan jenis asuransi kesehatan. Penanganan yang komperhensif terhadap kebutuhan nutrisi dan peradangan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kadar albumin pasien. Pengambilan keputusan untuk pelaksanaan terapi pengganti ginjal pada pasien usia lanjut perlu dilakukan oleh dokter untuk meningkatkan survival pasien. Edukasi kesehatan serta pengoptimalan fungsi Posbindu PTM merupakan tindakan preventif terhadap penyakit PGK. Kata Kunci: Analisis Survival, Penyakit Ginjal Kronis, Terapi Pengganti Ginjal
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN LOGAM TIMBAL PADA MINYAK SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DIGUNAKAN PEDAGANG GORENGAN DI KELURAHAN BENOA
Authors: Lutfidiani Raissa , Suryadhi Made Ayu Hita Pretiwi
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAKGorengan adalah jajanan yang sering dikonsumsi masyarakat karena selain harganya yang murah, enak, dan mudah didapat, gorengan juga dapat memberikan asupan energi di antara waktu makan. Pedagang gorengan yang biasanya terletak di pinggiran jalan dapat berisiko tercemar timbal pada minyak goreng yang digunakan yang berasal dari emisi asap kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan Pb yang ada pada minyak goreng sebelum dan sesudah digunakan oleh pedagang gorengan di Kelurahan Benoa. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian survei deskriptif dan pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pada tiap pedagang akan diuji minyak sebelum dilakukan penggorengan, minyak sesudah penggorengan hari Jumat dan hari Sabtu, minyak setelah penggorengan tanpa bahan untuk membuat gorengan terakhir kali, dan gorengannya. Pemeriksaan laboratorium menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Hasil laboratorium menunjukkan konsentrasi logam berat timbal (Pb) yang terdapat pada seluruh jenis minyak telah melebihi batas maksimum logam Pb pada minyak yang diatur dalam SNI 7387:2009. Sedangkan konsentrasi Pb yang terdapat pada gorengan tidak melebihi batas maksimum Pb yang diatur dalam Peraturan BPOM RI Nomor HK.00.06.1.52.4011.Kata Kunci: Timbal, Minyak Goreng, Gorengan
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PEGAWAI MENGENAI KESELAMATAN PASIEN PADA PUSKESMAS RAWAT INAP KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Widya Sari Ni Nyoman Intan , Indrayathi Putu Ayu
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAKKeselamatan pasien merupakan suatu sistem yang membuat asuhan pasien menjadi lebih aman. Dengan adanya pandemi COVID-19, membuat fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan memiliki tantangan dalam memastikan dan meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan pegawai puskesmas mengenai keselamatan pasien pada puskesmas rawat inap di Kota Denpasar. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan rancangan cross-sectional study. Sampel dari penelitian ini yaitu seluruh pegawai puskesmas medis dan non medis yang bekerja di puskesmas rawat inap Kota Denpasar yaitu 124 responden, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling. Hasil univariat dengan menggunakan uji beda proporsi menunjukkan karakteristik pegawai di puskesmas tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Hasil bivariat dengan menggunakan Simple Logistic Regression menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pengalaman kerja, tingkat pendidikan, pelatihan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan. Hasil multivariat menggunakan Binary Logistic Regression menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (Ho diterima). Memberikan pelatihan kepada pegawai puskesmas, mengevaluasi mutu pelayanan, mengembangkan standar kinerja, membentuk tim keselamatan pasien dan mengoptimalkan perannya dan memperbaiki sistem pencatatan, pelaporan serta penyimpanan data.Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Keselamatan pasien, Puskesmas, Pegawai, Puskesmas Rawat Inap
Increase of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Reduction of Carotid Artery Lumen Diameter in Breast Cancer Patient Before and After Chemotherapy
Authors: Kartika Inez , Asih Made Widhi , Martadiani Elysanti Dwi , Anandasari Pande Putu Yuli , Patriawan Putu , Widiana I Gde Raka
Published: February 2022

Background: Increasing number of cancer survivor motivates clinical practitioner to focus on chronic effect of chemotherapy agent, especially those with vascular toxicity effect, which may attenuate the incidence of thrombosis and atherogenesis. Ultrasonography examination on carotid intima media thickness (C-IMT) provides acurate result in evaluating atherosclerotic. The purposes of this research are to find out any structural changes of carotid artery, especially atheroclerosis changes in breast cancer patient after chemoteraphy. Methods: Analytic cross sectional study using a pre post test group design in breast cancer patients. Eligible subjects undergo carotid ultrasonography examination prior to chemoteraphy and after they had completed the 3 cycles of chemoteraphy for the second exam. The examination was perfomed with the same USG machine, high frequency linier transducer (>7mHz) in B-mode under the auspecies of  two reputable radiologist consultant. Results: Total patients are 26, mean of age (year) is 47.15 ± 8.11. Most dominant histopathology finding is invasive carcinoma nonspecific type, in 24 patients (92.4%) and the disease stage is in stadium III in 14 patients (53.9%). Mean C-IMT (mm) prior chemotherapy is 0.51 ± 0.06 and after chemotherapy is 0.58 ± 0.05,  there is an increase of 0.07 ± 0.06 (p<0.0001). Carotid artery lumen diameter (mm) before chemotherapy is 4.05 ± 0.66 and after chemotherapy is 3.90 ± 0.73, so there is a decrease of 0.16 ± 0.40 (p =0.057). Conclusion: There is a statistically significant increase in intima media thickness of carotid wall of breast cancer patients after chemotherapy, consisted with chemoteraphy induced atherosclerosis.
Comparison of Mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) between Craniotomy and Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients with Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali
Authors: Yanti Ni Luh Putu Julita , Niryana I Wayan , Maliawan Sri , Semadi I Nyoman , Mahadewa Tjokorda G. B. , Wibawa I G. A. B. Krisna
Published: February 2022

Background: Craniotomy and decompressive craniectomy and are surgical modalities for the evacuation of acute subdural hematoma (SDH). These two techniques show different outcomes in various existing studies. The superiority between either techniques remains controversial. Objective: To determine the outcome comparison of mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) craniotomy with decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic acute SDH. Methods: This is a historical cohort study. Samples of the study were collected from January 2018 to March 2020 at Sanglah General Hospital. All patients with acute traumatic SDH who underwent SDH evacuation with craniotomy and decompressive craniectomy were assessed for mortality status at discharge and GOSE 3 months after surgery. Independent T-test will be carried out if the numerical variable were all normally distributed, while Mann-Whitney U test will be performed if otherwise. A Chi-square test will be performed on all unpaired categorical variables. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25 with 95% confidence intervals. Results: As many as 40 subjects with traumatic acute SDH who underwent craniotomy and 40 subjects with traumatic acute SDH who underwent decompressive craniectomy were included in this study. There was no significant difference in mortality (RR: 1; 95% CI 0.67-1.87; p=0.651) and GOSE score (p=0.718) in traumatic acute SDH who underwent craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy. Conclusion: There was no difference in mortality and GOSE outcomes between a craniotomy and decompressive craniectomy for management of traumatic acute SDH.
Simvastatin Memperbaiki Degerasi Hidropis dan Nekrosis Sel Hepatosit Mencit Subtotal Nefrektomi
Authors: Wibawa I Dewa Gede Amara Putra , Sumadewi Komang Trisna , Cahyawati Putu Nita
Published: February 2022

Latar belakang: Gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan tingkat mortalitas yang tinggi. Pada pasien GGK, golongan obat statin digunakan untuk mengatasi kondisi dislipidemia dan mencegah kelainan kardiovaskular. Selama ini banyak penelitian lebih terfokus meneliti efek pemberian statin terhadap kondisi ginjal dibandingkan dengan kondisi hepar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek simvastatin terhadap perubahan pada degenerasi hidropis dan nekrosis sel hepatosit mencit model subtotal nefrektomi. Metode: Lima belas ekor mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan, galur Swiss, umur 3 bulan, berat badan 30-40 gram digunakan pada penelitian ini. Mencit dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan secara random yaitu kelompok subtotal nefrektomi (SN, n=5), kelompok simvastatin dosis 5,2 mg/kgBB (S5, n=5), dan kelompok simvastatin dosis 10,4 mg/kgBB (S10, n=5). Hasil: Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjukkan bahwa rerata degenerasi hidropis pada kelompok SN (1,240,19), kelompok S5 (0,640,11), dan kelompok S10 (0,920,41). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada penilaian degenersi hidropis pada kelompok SN dan kelompok S5 (p<0,05). Rerata degenerasi hidropis pada kelompok SN (1,240,19), kelompok S5 (0,640,11), dan kelompok S10 (0,920,41). Terdapat perbeda an signifikan antara kelompok hewan yang memperoleh simvastatin (S5 dan S10) dengan kelompok SN (p<0,05). Simpulan: Simvastatin memperbaiki degerasi hidropis dan nekrosis sel hepatosit mencit subtotal nefrektomi.