bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Insights on Exosomes and their Utility in Treating Ophthalmic Disease: Delving into the Clinical Approval and Present Trials
Authors: Dwivedi Ashish Ranjan , Murti Yogesh , Rawat Pramod , Mahajan Shriya , Kandhari Harsimrat , Joshi Gaurav , Kumar Bhupinder
Published: September 2024

Ophthalmic diseases include a wide array of conditions, each requiring individualized
treatment approaches. In ophthalmic research and as therapeutics against potential pharmacological
indications, several subtypes of exosomes (EVs) have been reconnoitered, mainly for their regenerative,
neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. EVs are recently gaining wider
attention as promising vehicles for therapies because of their natural participation in communication
between cells and targeted delivery. These small vesicles, derived from cells, transport numerous
molecules between cells, thus contributing advantages like low immunogenicity, stability, and
the ability to target cells specifically. These inherent advantages of carrying the therapeutic cargo
and enabling intercellular signaling make them a captivating avenue for progressing ophthalmic
disease treatment options. While research is ongoing, and clinical applications are still emerging,
several EV subtypes have shown promise for possible applications in addressing several ophthalmic
diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degenerative disorders, retinal degenerative
disorders, and ocular inflammatory conditions.
Research on Compatibility of Packaging Materials of High-Risk Cephalosporin Powder Injection and Establishment of Indicator Component Evaluation Method
Authors: Chen Chao , Wang Yan , Chen Yue , Zhang Aijing , Cai Zhiwei , Cheng Lei , Xu Bingyong , Bao Xinyou , Liang Jianmou
Published: September 2024

Objective:

The aim of the study was to establish a GC-MS method for the determination
of extractable substances in the stoppers of Ceftriaxone sodium bottles for injection, to establish
an HPLC method for the determination of vulcanizing agent and antioxidant in Ceftriaxone
sodium for injection bottle stopper and to analyze the correlation between the volatile substances
of the rubber stopper and the clarity of solution

Methods:

GC-MS method was used with capillary column Restek rtx-5 (30.0 m×0.25 mm, 0.25
μm), the carrier gas was He at the flow rate of 1.8mL·min-1, the column temperature was programmed
temperature, and the scanning range was from29 to 600(m/z), and the volatile substances
were using full scan. An inertsil ODS-3column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for the
HPLC analysis. The mobile phase A consisted of water containing 0.04% trifluoroacetic, and the
mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile containing 0.04% trifluoroacetic acid, the gradient elution
was used, and the flow rate was set as 1.0 mL·min-1.

Results:

Antioxidant BHT(264), silicone oil, and other organic compounds in the rubber stopper
permeated and migrated to the sample with acceleration time by GC-MS. A good linearity was observed
over the range of 0.5-100 μg·mL-1(r>0.999). The detection limits of the vulcanizing agent
and antioxidant were about 0.03 μg·mL-1, and the quantitation limits were about 0.1 μg·mL-1. The
average recoveries (low, medium, and high) of antioxidants (168, 264, 330, 1076, 1010) and vulcanizing
agents (carbon disulfide, sulfur) were between 90.0% and 110.0%, and the corresponding
RSD were less than 5% (n=9) by adding standard recovery experiments. The stability test showed
that the antioxidant and the vulcanizing agent solution had good stability and was stable within 24
hours.

Conclusion:

The GC-MS/HPLC method can be used to control the quality of the rubber stopper
of cefuroxime sodium for injection. The compatibility study and comprehensive evaluation system
of Ceftriaxone sodium for injection packaging materials have been initially formed.
Universally Applicable Methods for Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Elemental Impurities in Vitamin A and D Preparations
Authors: Qiao Zhang , Mengmeng Shen , Li Zhu , Chaoqiang Xiao , Shuwang He , Jie Yang
Published: September 2024

Background:

Vitamin A and D deficiency in children is a common public health
problem. In China, almost all children are administered vitamin A and D preparations daily and
they should be consumed continuously until the age of 18. Children are sensitive to elemental impurities,
including heavy metals. However, there are no regulatory requirements or reports on the
risk assessment of elemental impurities in marketed vitamin A and D preparations.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to propose an accurate and efficient method suitable for samples
from different manufacturers to detect elemental impurities and conduct risk assessments according
to the ICH Q3D guidelines.

Methods:

We developed a universally applicable digestion method for capsules and an ICP–MS
method for quantitative analysis of 28 elemental impurities in vitamin A and D formulations. These
methods were validated according to the USP 233 guidelines. Elemental impurities in 15 batches
of vitamin A and D products from 10 manufacturers and their capsule shells were determined,
and risk assessment was conducted according to the International Council for Harmonization Q3D
guidelines.

Results:

All elemental impurities of toxicological concern met the Q3D requirements. However,
the concentrations of various elements, including those of lead (not detected to 4.1 μg/g), arsenic
(not detected to 7 μg/g), aluminum (not detected to 888 μg/g), and palladium (not detected to 36
μg/g), varied markedly. Moreover, the lead content in one batch from one manufacturer exceeded
the control threshold.

Conclusion:

In this study, we successfully developed an effective digestion method for processing
capsules containing samples from different sources and a sensitive ICP–MS method for quantitative determination of 28 elemental impurities in vitamin A and D preparations. ICP–MS should be
implemented for the evaluation and control of elemental impurities in vitamin A and D preparations. This will ensure safe long-term vitamin A and D supplementation in children
Simultaneous Estimation of Pregabalin and Duloxetine, Used to Treat Nerve Pain, by Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Using the QBD Approach
Authors: Gosavi Vaishnavi A. , Deshpande Mahesh M. , Ghangale Gauri D. , Chavan Machindra J.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

A novel stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated
for the simultaneous estimation of Pregabalin and Duloxetine by using the QBD approach.

Methods:

To determine the optimal parameters for the duloxetine and pregabalin study, we used
Design Expert version 13.0 in this work. The mobile phase consisted of 0.8 ml/min of methanol:
water (80:20, v/v) with o-phosphoric acid-adjusted pH 3.A 250 mm × 4.6 mm ID, 5 μm particle
size Cosmosil C18 column was used. The UV-3000-M detector was used to detect at 218 nm.

Results:

Duloxetine's retention time was 7.153 ± 0.1 min, whereas Pregabalin's was 4.481±0.1 min.
The ICH parameters like linearity, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness, LOD and LOQ, and system
suitability were determined. Likewise, the tailing factors were found to be 1.27 and 1.26, while the
theoretical plates of duloxetine and pregabalin were found to be 8313 and 8549, respectively. The
recovery study shows the results (99.37–99.84% for pregabalin and 99.03–99.74% for duloxetine),
and the precision was obtained with a %RSD of less than 2%. The result of the assay was 99.92 %
for pregabalin and 99.39% for duloxetine. The developed method was used for the forced degradation
study. The Box-Behnken design experiment using Design Expert 13.0 was adopted for the
QBD approach.

Conclusion:

All the values obtained for different parameters were within the acceptable range of
ICH. The developed method can be routinely used for the simultaneous estimation of Pregabalin
and Duloxetine by using the QBD approach.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN NEUTROPHYL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND OPTIC NERVE FUNCTION IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS
Authors: Prayitnaningsih Seskoati , Puspasari Eka Fajarina , Hamid Aulia Abdul , Rosandi Rulli
Published: September 2024

Background: The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new biomarker in predicting various cardiovascular disorders and was expected to be a biomarker for Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between NLR and optic nerve function in MetS patients. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 42 patients divided into 3 groups, consist of control group(14 patients, 28 eyes), MetS without NAION group(14 patients, 28 eyes) and MetS with NAION group(14 patients, 19 eyes). The study was conducted at Saiful Anwar General Hospital on January-March 2019. Optic nerve function evaluation includes visual acuity (VA) from Snellen chart, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer(RNFL) from OCT, contrast sensitivity from Pelli Robson test, and visual field defect from Humphrey's perimetry. NLR was calculated and compared among groups using anova test. Then the correlation between NLR and optic nerve function was investigated using Pearson and Spearman test. Results: The NLR was significantly different among groups (p= 0.009), mean of control, MetS without NAION, and MetS with NAION groups 1.70, 1.86, and 2.40 respectively. There were signifficant negative correlation between NLR and visual field defect (p= 0.001,r= -0.487), contrast sensitivity (p= 0.015,r= -0.372), and VA (p= 0.041,r= -0.316), whereas positive correlation between NLR and RNFL statistically insignificant (p= 0.171, r = 0.215). Conclusion: There were signifficant negative correlation between NLR and visual field defect, contrast sensitivity, VA, whereas positive correlation between NLR and RNFL statistically insignificant. NLR is expected to be a potential biomarker for screening NAION in MetS patients.
HIV-RELATED CEREBRAL TOXOPLASMOSIS TREATED WITH ANTIMALARIA MEDICINES: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bintang Andi Kurnia , Atiah Ummu , Billi Billi
Published: September 2024

Background: Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a central nervous system disease caused by infection of intracellular parasite (Toxoplasma gondii) which happened due to activation of dormant form inside brain tissue in immunodeficient patients, especially in people living with HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) or PLWHA. Case Presentation: A 36-year-old man with subacute headache, fever, changing personal behaviour and confusion that persisted for one month. He also had white spot in mouth, history of significant weight loss, meningeal signs, and motoric disturbance. His non contrast head CT scan shown presumptive cerebral toxoplasmosis appearance. We treated the patient with combined antimalaria drugs consists of Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxin. Conclusion: Early diagnosis by available and rationale empiric treatment, then repeated cranial study is recommended which can dramatically reduce the high mortality and morbidity associated with this disease.
EVALUATION OF BRAIN LESIONS BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS OF FAISALABAD
Authors: Khokhar Abdul Maajid , Ali Rimsha , Habib Wazooha
Published: September 2024

Background: One of the most fascinating and intricate organs in the human body is the brain. Infectious and neoplastic lesions in brain tissues can be identified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Objective: This study sought to determine which Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequence is more usually used for differentiating brain lesions and which metabolites are examined by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Tertiary hospitals of Faisalabad. This study also aimed to check the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of MRI in the detection of various brain lesions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Radiology Department of different tertiary hospitals in Faisalabad. The data was collected from 25 patients (aged between 25 to 70 years) via a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by performa and analyzed by SPSS V 20. Results: Out of 25 patients; 20 were male and 5 were female. 15 patients were diagnosed with a tumor, 5 with tuberculosis infectious lesions, 3 with empyema, and 2 with a heterogenous picture of metabolites. According to the results of MRS, different metabolites are used by different hospitals for the evaluation of various brain lesions. Brain infectious and neoplastic lesions can be distinguished quite effectively using MRS, although some infectious lesions can be difficult to distinguish. Conclusion: MRI is a non-invasive technique to identify brain tumors and infectious lesions. The main metabolites in H1MRS are Choline, Creatine, and N-Acetyl Aspartate. A high Cho/Cr ratio indicates brain tumors while a low NAA/Cr ratio indicates infectious lesions. When MRS indicates a tumor, not only a brain 99mTc scan should be performed, but if necessary surgical removal of brain lesions should be preferred.
WEB OF SCIENCE BASED BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS STUDY: TUBERCULOSIS MENINGITIS FROM 1970 TILL TO PRESENT
Authors: Alkan Sevil , Celik Mehmet , Gürbüz Esra
Published: September 2024

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most dangerous and incapacitating type of tuberculous and has a high mortality rate. Objective: We aimed to reveal the general perspective of tuberculous meningitis, with bibliometric analysis. Methods: This study included only articles as a document type, searched in the Web of Science database, indexed in ‘‘Science Citation Index Expanded’’ and ‘‘Emerging Sources Citation Index’’ from 1970 to the present. Results: A total of 2370 publications were reached and 1516 articles were included in the study. 87.401% of them were published in Science Citation Index Expanded and 12.599% in the Emerging Sources Citation Index. The articles were mostly published in English (92.084%) language. Most of the articles (6.266%) were published in 2021. 107 countries contributed to the tuberculous meningitis literature. India, the USA, and South Africa were the countries with the highest number of articles published. Most articles were published in “The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease’’ journal. The countries that financially supported tuberculous meningitis studies the most were the USA and the United Kingdom (UK). Conclusion: TB continues to be an important public health problem globally, especially in low-middle-income countries. In this study, it was observed that there has been a significant increase in publications related to TBM in recent years. It was seen that the USA and UK were the countries that provided the most publications and financial support to the studies, although they were not, particularly the countries where TBM was watched most frequently.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN SEIZURE PATIENTS WITH NORMAL NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION
Authors: Ardalani Ghasem Fatahzadeh , Anari Hasan , Sadegiyeh-Ahari Saeed , Rezvanipour Hossein
Published: September 2024

Background: Imaging plays a critical role in the treatment and diagnosis of individuals experiencing seizures, particularly those whose seizures cannot be explained. In various circumstances, CT scans and MRIs (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are utilized in tandem. Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the MRI findings of patients referred to Alavi Hospital with seizures and a normal neurological examination. Methods: This case-series study examined one hundred patients with epilepsy who underwent normal neurological examinations. All patients' imaging reports were meticulously examined, and any changes were documented in pre-established checklists that comprised of the following: age, gender, family history, EEG (electroencephalogram) results, neurological assessments (including motor, plantar, and tendon reflexes), and MRI findings derived from the patients' files and clinical histories. Result: In the range of 11 to 58 years, the mean age of patients was 7.46 + 32.62 years. Males comprised forty-six (46%) of the patients. In45% of the cases, a familial history of seizures was documented (n=45). Normal EEG results were obtained in 62 cases (62%). Twenty cases (20%) of abnormalities were detected on MRI, seven of which were tumor lesions, as reported by the radiologist. The imaging of the patient's brain revealed no significant correlation between the pathological findings and variables such as age, gender, or family history. No significant correlation was observed between electroencephalogram results and pathological findings on brain imaging in patients with epilepsy. Conclusion: brain imaging partially compensates for the false negatives that occur during electroencephalograms, and concurrently employing both modalities enhances the ability to diagnose underlying issues in patients experiencing seizures.
PNEUMONIA IN ICU HOSPITALIZED NEUROLOGIC PATIENTS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND PROCALCITONIN LEVELS WITH THE RESULTS OF BLOOD AND SPUTUM CULTURES
Authors: Indah Carolin Tiara Lestari , Widyantara I Wayan , Putra Ida Bagus Kusuma , Tini Kumara
Published: September 2024

Background: Pneumonia is often experienced by neurology patients, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests as the gold standard of pneumonia require a long time, then other examinations are needed, namely C-reactive protein markers (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT). Objective: To determine the relationship between CRP and PCT levels with the results of blood and sputum cultures in ICU hospitalized neurologic patients Prof I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. Methods: A cross-sectional study that includes all neurology patients with pneumonia in the ICU of Prof I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital in 2018-2022. The required examination data are demographic data, CRP and procalcitonin levels, and blood and sputum culture results. Data analysis using SPSS Version 24 qualitatively. Results: We identified 121 ICU hospitalized neurologic patients with pneumonia involving 59 blood and 85 sputum culture-positive and 15 isolated pathogens. The leading pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albican, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and other pathogens which were isolated in 31 (19,7%), 25 (15.9%), 20 (12.7%), 11 (7%), 10 (6.4%), 4 (2.5%), 3 (1.9%), and 1 (0.6%) cases, respectively, however Klebsiella pneumoniae has the highest number of resistance cases, especially ESBL. There was a significant relationship between high CRP (>97.9) and blood culture (OR 6.42, p <0.03). Conclusion: CRP can be considered as a fast and appropriate examination to establish an early diagnosis of pneumonia in patients.
Active Control of Properties of Fresh and Hardening Concrete
Authors: De Schutter Geert , Abidi Imene , Korda Eleni , Boshoff Billy , Olonade Kolawole Adisa , Snoeck Didier , Muthukrishnan Shravan , Zhang Yiyuan , Tao Yaxin , Ghodke Swapnil Balasaheb , Mohan Manu Kurungod , Yardimci Mert Yücel , Jiao Dengwu , Sanjayan Jay
Published: September 2024

Concrete mixtures have an optimized mix design in view of attaining desired properties. However, after mixing, during further processing, it is typically not possible to further adjust the performance of the fresh and hardening concrete. A new and emerging approach is to actively control the concrete properties by means of responsive particles or polymers triggered by an externally applied signal. Active control of properties of concrete refers to the concept of on- demand changes of one or more properties of the concrete after mixing by triggering a response to one or more of the constituents using a specific trigger signal (e.g. thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic...). The on-demand control of properties can focus on the processing stage (including e.g. pumping, casting, 3D printing), the curing and hardening stage (including e.g. control of capillary pressure, shrinkage, setting, and hardening) and even on the hardened stage during service life (e.g. active corrosion control, active crack healing...). Addressing specific obstacles in cementitious environments, ensuring responsive material stability, controlling signal applicability, cost, logistics, and on-site safety is crucial for successful implementation. A RILEM technical committee has been initiated in 2023, working on the concept of Active Control of Properties of Concrete (RILEM TC 317-ACP). The committee will focus on active control of properties of fresh and hardening concrete. This paper gives a short introduction to scope and activities of TC 317-ACP.
The Impact of Family Communication on Adolescent Satisfaction with Family Life Across Different Family Structures
Authors: Križan Helena , Ferić Martina , Belošević Matea
Published: September 2024

The Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems is one of the most widely used approaches in family studies. This model assumes that family communication is an important element in achieving positive family functioning because it allows family members to alter their levels of flexibility and cohesion. While this theoretical approach has been widely used and tested there are still some gaps in the empirical evidence on the universality of its assumptions. Considering that adolescents today live in a wide variety of families, that are very diverse according to their structures, it is important from an ethical standpoint to test the universality of any theoretical framework that is used in family interventions. This study therefore sought to investigate whether there are differences in satisfaction with family life and family communication in families with different structures and whether family communication is an important correlate of satisfaction with family life in all types of families, using data from a study of adolescents from Zagreb, Croatia (N = 4 821). Linear regression was used to evaluate the association of family satisfaction (dependent variable) with family communication and parental marital status (predictor variables) with the additional inclusion of interaction effects between family communication and parental marital status. The results of this study have shown that adolescents are generally satisfied with their family life and that there are differences in perceived family satisfaction and family communication between adolescents regarding the marital status of their parents. The results presented in this paper support the main hypothesis that in families with adolescents, family communication is strongly associated with family satisfaction, independently of parental marital status. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving family communication skills inadolescent families could benefit all families with adolescents.
Assessing the Evidence for Nonobstetric Risk Factors for Deformational Plagiocephaly: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hillyar Christopher Robert Timothy , Bishop Natalie , Nibber Anjan , Bell-Davies Frances Jean , Ong Juling
Published: September 2024

Background

Plagiocephaly is defined as an asymmetrical distortion of the skull, resulting in an oblique trapezoid or parallelogram head shape. Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is caused by forces acting on one side of the back of the head, distorting normal skull symmetry.

Objective

The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to critically assess the evidence for nonobstetric risk factors for DP and to make evidence-based recommendations for reducing the prevalence of DP.

Methods

The selection criterion was studies reporting risk factors for DP. Case reviews, case series, expert opinions, and systematic reviews were excluded. PubMed and Web of Science were searched from August 21, 2010, to August 21, 2022. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Meta-analyses were presented using forest plots.

Results

A total of 19 studies (cohort studies: n=13, 68%; case-control studies: n=5, 26%; and cross-sectional studies: n=1, 5%) with a total of 14,808 participants were included. Of the 43 investigated potential nonobstetric factors, 16 (37%) were associated with DP. Of these 16 factors, 12 (75%) had odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs not crossing 1: insufficient vitamin D intake (OR 7.15, 95% CI 3.77-13.54), head position preference (OR 4.75, 95% CI 3.36-6.73), bottle-only feeding (OR 4.65, 95% CI 2.70-8.00), reduced tummy time (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.71-7.21), sleeping position (OR 3.12, 95% CI 2.21-4.39), fewer motor milestones reached by the age of 6 months (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.66-3.96), obesity (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.02-5.90), maternal education level (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17-2.37), male sex (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07-2.12), formula feeding (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.00-2.27), head circumference (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.40), and mechanical ventilation (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.14). No evidence of publication bias was detected.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the nonobstetric factors associated with DP and presents 11 evidence-based recommendations for reducing its prevalence. The primary limitation is that only publication bias was assessed.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42020204979; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? ID=CRD42020204979
Education Program for Enhancing Health Care Students’ Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia: Protocol for a Single-Arm Pre-Post Study
Authors: Sari Dianis Wulan , Kugai Haruna , Igarashi Ayumi , Takaoka Manami , Matsumoto Hiroshige , Suzuki Haruno , Wu Jinyan , Fitryasari Rizki , Nasifah Ike Ayunda , Has Eka Mishbahatul M , Yamamoto-Mitani Noriko
Published: September 2024

Background

Health care students are instrumental in shaping the future of dementia care. Cultivating a positive attitude and understanding toward people living with dementia is crucial for diminishing the stigma associated with the condition, providing effective and person-centered care, and enhancing the quality of life for people living with dementia. Educational programs about dementia are increasingly recognizing the potential of gaming tools.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gaming-based dementia educational programs in improving attitudes toward people living with dementia among health care students.

Methods

This single-arm pre-post study will be conducted among health care students in Indonesian universities. This educational program based on gaming tools will consist of a lecture on dementia, the use of N-impro (gaming tool), and the enactment of short dramas depicting desirable and undesirable communication with people living with dementia behaviors. We will assess attitudes toward people living with dementia, intention to help people living with dementia, knowledge of dementia, and the stigma associated with people living with dementia. The gaming-based dementia education program will be integrated into the curriculum of the health care students. The program will be implemented once with a duration of 90 minutes.

Results

Data collection will occur from August 2023 to March 2024. Analysis of the data will be finalized by May 2024, and the outcome will be determined by July 2024. The impact of the gaming-based dementia educational program on improving attitudes toward people living with dementia will be reported. The study findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusions

The gaming education program demonstrates significant potential in enhancing attitudes toward people living with dementia across various countries, introducing an innovative method for the community-based support of people living with dementia.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06122623; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06122623

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/62654
National Trends in the Prevalence of Unmet Health Care and Dental Care Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Study in South Korea, 2009-2022 (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Yeji , Kim Soeun , Lee Somin , Park Jaeyu , Koyanagi Ai , Smith Lee , Kim Min Seo , Fond Guillaume , Boyer Laurent , López Sánchez Guillermo Felipe , Dragioti Elena , Kim Hyeon Jin , Lee Hayeon , Son Yejun , Kim Minji , Kim Sunyoung , Yon Dong Keon
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Although previous studies have investigated trends in unmet health care and dental care needs, most have focused on specific groups, such as patients with chronic conditions and older adults, and have been limited by smaller data sets.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the trends and relative risk factors for unmet health care and dental care needs, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these needs.

METHODS

We assessed unmet health care and dental care needs from 2009 to 2022 using data from the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS). Our analysis included responses from 2,750,212 individuals. Unmet health care or dental care needs were defined as instances of not receiving medical or dental services deemed necessary by experts or desired by patients.

RESULTS

From 2009 to 2022, the study included 2,700,705 individuals (1,229,671 men, 45.53%; 673,780, 24.95%, aged 19-39 years). Unmet health care needs decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic; however, during the pandemic, there was a noticeable increase (βdiff 0.10, 95% CI 0.09-0.11). Unmet dental care needs declined before the pandemic and continued to decrease during the pandemic (βdiff 0.23, 95% CI 0.22-0.24). Overall, the prevalence of unmet dental care needs was significantly higher than that for unmet health care needs. While the prevalence of unmet health care needs generally decreased over time, the β difference during the pandemic increased compared with prepandemic values.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study is the first to analyze national unmet health care and dental care needs in South Korea using nationally representative, long-term, and large-scale data from the KCHS. We found that while unmet health care needs decreased during COVID-19, the decline was slower compared with previous periods. This suggests a need for more targeted interventions to prevent unmet health care and dental care needs.
Rethinking Health Systems Responsiveness in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Iqbal Meesha , Cazaban Cecilia Ganduglia , Morgan Robert , Bauer Cici , Siddiqi Sameen
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Health systems responsiveness (HSR) is the ability of systems to respond to legitimate non-health expectations of the population. The concept of HSR by the World Health Organization (WHO) includes respect for dignity, individual autonomy, confidentiality, prompt attention to care, availability of basic amenities, choice of provider, access to social support networks, and clarity of communication. The WHO tool is applied globally to assess HSR in low, middle, and high-income countries.

OBJECTIVE

We have revised the conceptual framework of HSR following a rigorous systematic review and made it specific for low- and middle-income countries (L&MICs). This study is designed to (1) run the Delphi technique to validate the upgraded conceptual framework of HSR, (2) modify and upgrade the WHO measurement tool for assessing HSR in the context of L&MICs, and (3) determine the validity of the upgraded HSR measurement tool by pilot testing it in Pakistan.

METHODS

The Delphi technique will be run by inviting global public health experts to provide suggestions on the domains and subdomains of HSR specific to L&MICs. Cronbach ɑ will be calculated to determine internal consistency among the participants. The upgraded HSR conceptual framework will serve as a beacon to modify the measurement tool by the research team, which will be reviewed by subject experts for refinement. The modified tool will be pilot-tested by administering it to 1128 participants from primary, secondary, and tertiary care hospitals in Rawalpindi district, Pakistan. Additionally, an “observation checklist” of HSR domains and subdomains will be completed to objectively measure the state of HSR across health care facilities.
HSR assessment will be further strengthened by incorporating the perspective of hospital managers, service providers, and policy makers (ie, the supply side) as well as community leaders and representatives (ie, the demand side) through qualitative interviews.

RESULTS

The study was started in January 2024 and will continue until February 2025. A multidimensional approach will yield significant quantifiable information on HSR from the demand and supply sides of L&MICs.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide a conceptual understanding of HSR and a corresponding measurement tool specific to L&MICs. It will contribute to global public health literature and provide a snapshot of HSR in Rawalpindi district, Pakistan, with concrete action points for policy makers.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/59836
Asynchronous Broadcasting of Audiovisual Content as a Tele-rehabilitation Strategy for Patients in Rural Areas (Preprint)
Authors: Aparicio Pico Lilia , Ferro Escobar Roberto , Coronado Sánchez Paulo César
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Geographical and economic barriers limit access to healthcare services in rural regions of Colombia

OBJECTIVE

To design and validate a tele-rehabilitation model using video broadcasting for asynchronous therapy

METHODS

A case study in San Vicente del Caguán, evaluating the effectiveness of physical, occupational, and speech therapy.

RESULTS

The model was validated, demonstrating feasibility in improving access and clinical effectiveness in rural areas.

CONCLUSIONS

The model is an effective solution that requires technological infrastructure and inclusive policies to maximize its impact
Ecological Study of Bidens pilosa in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Oktaviant Dimas Panji , Rosleine Dian
Published: September 2024

Bidens pilosa has been widely distributed from tropical to temperate regions and is often reported as a weed in agriculture. It readily thrives in various environments, naturally spreading to open areas and artificial ecosystems, establishing new populations, emphasising the need for ecological studies to prevent its invasive potential. In this study, we focused on population study of B. pilosa and its distribution in Bandung as urban area. Survey was conducted using 1x1 m quadrate plots in eight locations (24 plots). Individual number of B. pilosa, the number of flowers in each individual, coordinates, and altitude of each plot were recorded to describe population structure and map this population in Bandung. Air temperature (°C), humidity (%), light intensity (Lux), and soil water content (%) were measured. Individual number and environmental condition are analysed using cluster analysis and PCA, then mapped using IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting). The highest population in AR (652 ind), followed by CG (626 ind), TR (253 ind), PA (135 ind), CW (78 ind), NR (39 ind), PU (28 ind), and PR (20 ind). On average, each B. pilosa individual produces 61 inflorescences, indicating a mature population with all developmental stages present across all locations. Ordination plots shows that B. pilosa has wide range of environmental condition from open to shade area with various environmental condition. Open areas, settlements, and agriculture host dense B. pilosa populations, and its biological traits suggest it may become invasive without proper control.
New Record of A Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium sundaicum in Selat Panjang Island, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Purnamasari Lora , Perwitasari-Farajallah Dyah , Wowor Daisy , Farajallah Achmad , Annawaty Annawaty
Published: September 2024

A freshwater prawn M. sundaicum, is an obligate species to acidic peat swamp. Up to the present, M. Sundaicum has only been reported in the West Kalimantan, the Riau Archipelago, and Jambi Provinces in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to determine the distribution and habitat preferences of peat swamp prawn in Selat Panjang Island, Riau Province, Indonesia. The samples were collected in seven peat swamp rivers by hand net. The study yielded one hundred specimens. The acidic peat swamp is a perfect habitat for M. sundaicum. This study provided the basic information about peat swamp prawn in Selat Panjang Island, especially their distribution and habitat preferences.
Reproductive Behavior and Parental Role of Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801)
Authors: Junior Timothy Irsyad , Hardaningsih Ignatius , Bimasuci Harya , Sari Dini Wahyu Kartika
Published: September 2024

The giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy Lacepede, 1801), a popular aquaculture species in Southeast Asia, exhibits unique cooperative biparental care behaviour. To support captive breeding efforts, this study aimed to visually document the reproductive activity of giant gourami, elucidate each stage in detail, and provide insights into the distinct parenting roles of males and females. Underwater cameras were used to observe a breeding pair of gourami in a pond for five days, conducted three times with different pairs during different spawning periods. The male and female contributions to nest building were quantitatively analysed using the T-test, while their parental care involvement was qualitatively assessed and statistically analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The results revealed three main phases of giant gourami reproduction: pre-spawning (including adaptation, nest building, and courtship), spawning and fertilisation, and post-spawning with parental care. Our observation confirmed the biparental tendency, with males being more involved in pre-spawning activities and females taking on a prominent role in post-spawning care. In conclusion, males focused on mating preparations and courtship, while females invested more in parental care.
Sequence-Structure Comparative and Network-Based Prediction of Drought Gene Candidate Regulator in Elaeis guineensis
Authors: Permatasari Galuh Wening , Putranto Riza Arief , Mardhika Larasati Dena , Aksa Annisa Aulia , Setiawati Yuli , Minarsih Hayati , Riyadi Imron , Ernayunita Ernayunita
Published: September 2024

Drought poses a significant threat to global food security, particularly impacting crops like oil palm. Selecting genes for genome editing to enhance drought tolerance presents formidable challenges. To ensure that the target gene is chosen correctly and results in the desired character, a pilot study is necessary to determine the target gene for knockout. Two genes drought-related, AtBRL3 and AtOST2, were scrutinized in this context. Aligned with the Elaeis guineensis genome, their neighbouring proteins and gene ontology were analysed to identify potential targets for genome editing. AtBRL3, identified as BRL1 (XP_010913986.1) in E. guineensis, exhibited 58.48% identity and 100% coverage. It interacts with 12 nodes, including BIR1, BRI1, and AT2G20050, crucial for signalling pathways and cellular responses. Molecular function analysis revealed kinase activity. AtOST2 showed high similarity to plasma membrane ATPase/HA1 (XP_010913679.1) in E. guineensis, with 87.46% identity and 100% query cover. It correlated with 14 genes associated with ABA stimulus, stomatal movement, and hormone response. EgBRL1 and EgHA1, resembling AtBRL3 and AtOST2, respectively, emerge as promising targets for developing drought-tolerant oil palm cultivars through gene editing. Nonetheless, further validation through in vitro gRNA target selection and in vivo conversion of OST2/BRL3-containing plasmids in oil palm calluses is indispensable to demonstrate their efficacy in conferring novel drought resistance traits.
Phytochemical Properties, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Activity of Knobweed (Hyptis capitata) from South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: To'bungan Nelsiani , Widhiastuti Stefani Santi , Hida Fitriana Nur Laissya , Mahardhika I Wayan Swarautama
Published: September 2024

Hyptis capitata Jacq. known as Sumambu plants in Sulawesi, has phytopharmaceutical importance. H. capitata extracts were evaluated for their phytochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity. Using the maceration yielded five types of extracts: root chloroform (RC), root methanol (RM), leaf chloroform (LC), leaf methanol (LM), and leaf ethanol (LE). Phytochemical properties were identified by qualifying procedure and digital image analysis for quantifying Red-Green-Blue (RGB) percentage and hex colour code. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Cytotoxicity screening of each extract was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against HeLa and 4T1 cells. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) assay was used to identify the phytochemical compounds of the extracts with the most promising potential. Alkaloids were the major constituents of the phytochemicals of RC, RM, LE, LC, and LM. RM and LM have potency and weak free radical scavenging activities, with IC50 value 31.08 and 58.03 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of RC and RM against HeLa cells were 84.21 ± 0.63 and 172.10 ± 02.90 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of RC and RM against 4T1 cells were 86.42 ± 0.80 and 182.82 ± 7.00 µg/mL, respectively. It means RC and RM exhibit a moderate level of cytotoxicity in both HeLa and 4T1 cells. LM shows moderate cytotoxicity, but it is limited to 4T1 cells with an IC50 value of 181.86 ± 12.68 µg/mL. The cytotoxicity level of extracts was lower than doxorubicin. Campesterol, ferruginol, stigmasterol, cis-13-octadecenoic acid methyl esters, and methyl palmitate were predicted to play a role in the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of RC, RM, and LM. RC, RM, and LM possess the potential for development as anticancer agents. Moreover, RM shows promise as an antioxidant due to its notable radical scavenging activity. Further research is required to explore the cytotoxic effects of RC, RM, and LM on normal cells and to assess their toxicity in experimental animals.
Regulación del derecho del patrimonio cultural: derecho comparado entre México y España
Authors: Flores Déleon Erika
Published: September 2024

El artículo compila y analiza el marco jurídico vigente tanto nacional como internacional del patrimonio cultural, tangible e intangible, en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Esta categoría esencial del derecho cultural cuenta con estándares internacionales que tanto la República Mexicana como el Reino de España comparten, no solo por considerarse normas convencionales del bloque de constitucionalidad, sino por ser altas partes contratantes de los instrumentos jurídicos internacionales en la materia del sistema universal de protección de los derechos humanos. A partir del método micro-comparativo estructuralista se analizan las semejanzas y diferencias en la forma de implementación de dichos estándares en su regulación interna.
Actos complementarios necesarios para conservar la adquisición por transferencia de predios inscritos en el registro de la propiedad de Perú
Authors: Condori Quispe Gino Alexis
Published: September 2024

La propiedad predial inscrita en el registro de la propiedad inmueble cumple un rol muy importante en la sociedad peruana. Esta se puede adquirir por el simple consenso entre el comprador y el vendedor, sin la necesidad de realizar algún acto complementario. No obstante, si el adquiriente no inscribe su derecho en el registro, podría verse despojado de su derecho por otro adquiriente. Ante esta realidad, se tiene como objetivo determinar las acciones que debe realizar todo adquiriente para conservar su derecho frente a otros posibles propietarios.
La investigación es de tipo documental, y se ha utilizado principalmente el método argumentativo jurídico. Se concluye que para conservar la propiedad de un predio inscrito es necesario realizar las actividades complementarias señaladas en los artículos 2014 o 2022 del Código Civil. Estas actividades deberán ser complementadas con las obligaciones señaladas por la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y la sentencia 207/2020 del Tribunal Constitucional peruano, siendo el requisito fundamental que la inscripción registral sea inscrita de buena fe con base en un actuar diligente y prudente.
Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structure Subjected to Blast Load
Authors: C Praneeth
Published: September 2024

The research focuses on a specific standoff distance of 15m & 20m , a critical parameter in blast analysis, to gain a understanding of the building's behavior under static loading conditions of blast load weight of 150kgs & 100kgs of TNT. To simulate realistic scenarios, the models are subjected to appropriate boundary conditions, including foundation constraints to account for the building's interaction with the ground. The blast load is assigned as joint loads, considering the standoff distance of the blast from the source. The standoff distance significantly influences the building's response to the blast, with profound implications for structural integrity and security. The Analysis of the Bare frame with blast load added as Joint Load, the deflection is controlled by adding Shear walls along various location along the periphery & core for 10 Story RCC Structures. The analysis is conducted using linear time history analysis (Response Spectrum Analysis) within ETABS, capturing the response of the building. Roof Displacement, Base Shear, Story Drift, Stiffness, Time period & Modal participation mass ratios are monitored during the analysis. The outcomes of this study contribute valuable insights into the structural responses of buildings to blast loads at specific standoff distances. This research advances our understanding of blast effects on buildings thereby enhancing the security and resilience of vital infrastructure in the face of evolving threats. Keywords: Blast Load, Response Spectrum Method, Roof Displacement, Base Shear, Story Drift, Stiffness, Time period & Modal participation mass ratios.
Racial Bias in Academia: An Audit Experiment Revealing Disparities in Faculty Responses to Prospective Students
Authors: Goldsmith Benjamin , MacKenzie Megan , Wynter Thomas
Published: September 2024

Building on Milkman, Akinola, and Chugh (2015), this article presents data from an experiment conducted in Australia that included fictional emails from prospective students seeking a meeting with faculty members. The results show significantly different responses from faculty depending on the student’s name and association with a racialized group. While the study reveals evidence of racial bias, there is, contrary to previous studies, little evidence of gender bias. Additionally, the study concludes that gender or racial diversity at the university or discipline level is not associated with lower rates of bias. Additional exploratory analysis further examines the data for evidence of change processes, including the interaction of gender and racial diversity, and lower rates of bias among more junior academics.
El arte, lenguaje de Dios. Escuela y aprendizaje de humanidad en el pensamiento de San Juan Pablo II y Benedicto XVI
Authors: Vial Vial María Paz
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo revisa y sistematiza algunas ideas y percepciones sobre la belleza, en relación a la experiencia de revelación espiritual, que, dentro del catolicismo, especialmente post-conciliar, ha sido expresada por los Papa Juan XXIII, Juan Pablo II y Ratzinger, así como del destacado teólogo Hans Urs von Balthasar, quienes ofrecen una visión renovada dentro la rica y extensa tradición cristiana y católica, que se proyecta en el tercer milenio de su existencia. Destacan de esta revisión, la importancia del arte, en tanto expresión de belleza, lo cual nos habla acerca de la experiencia espiritual de lo bello, como una vía para acceder al Misterio de lo Humano, y la conciencia de ese don.