bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new xylophile cytheroid ostracods (Crustacea) from Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, with remarks on the systematics and phylogeny of the family Keysercytheridae, Limnocytheridae, and Paradoxostomatidae
Authors: Tanaka Hayato , Yoo Hyunsu , Pham Huyen Thi Minh , Karanovic Ivana
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Keysercythere reticulatasp. nov. and Redekea abyssalissp. nov., collected from the wood fall submerged in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (Northwestern Pacific), are only the second records of the naturally occurring, wood-associated ostracod fauna from a depth of over 5000 m. At the same time, K. reticulata is the second and R. abyssalis is the third representative of their respective genera. While Keysercythere Karanovic and Brandão, 2015 species are free-living, deep-sea taxa, all Redekea de Vos, 1953 live symbiotically on the body surface of wood-boring isopods, Limnoria spp. Since R. abyssalis is the only genus representative found in the deep sea, we hypothesize that its ancestor colonized this ecosystem as a result of the symbiotic relationship. Newly collected material enabled us to update molecular phylogeny of Cythreoidea based on 18S rRNA gene sequences, especially to clarify the current systematics of the families Keysercytheridae, Limnocytheridae, and Paradoxostomatidae. The resulting phylogenetic tree supports a close relationship between Keysercythere and Redekea and a distant relationship between two Limnocytheridae lineages, Timiriaseviinae and Limnocytherinae. Consequently, we propose a transfer of Redekea from Paradoxostomatidae to Keysercytheridae, and erecting of the two limnocytherid subfamilies onto the family level. The phylogenetic analysis also implies a close relationship between the nominal Limnocytherinae genus and Keysercythere+Redekea clade, albeit with a low posterior probability, requiring further studies to clarify this.
L’approche de précaution au sein des organisations internationales : une mise au diapason de la gouvernance internationale face aux risques sanitaires et environnementaux ?
Authors: Gambardella Sophie
Published: June 2021

Le principe de précaution a éclos sur la scène internationale, tout comme dans les ordres juridiques internes, à la fin des années quatre-vingt. Si sa valeur juridique est aujourd’hui peu contestée à l’échelle nationale, elle reste, en revanche, un objet de débat doctrinal auprès des juristes internationalistes. Toutefois, l’ombre de la précaution plane sur l’ensemble du système juridique international. Elle infiltre la plupart des espaces normatifs, reconfigure les structures institutionnelles et impose un dialogue renouvelé aux organisations internationales. Cette contribution a ainsi pour objet de faire apparaître les métamorphoses que l’approche de précaution a impulsées en droit international.
La diversité culturelle et la précaution
Authors: Richieri Hanania Lilian
Published: June 2021

La présente contribution analyse dans quelle mesure une approche de précaution permettant de mettre en balance des intérêts de libéralisation commerciale et des préoccupations de diversité culturelle peut être caractérisée en droit international, sous quelles formes et par quels mécanismes. Elle examine l’application d’une telle approche en matière de commerce international en mettant en lumière le besoin de prudence dans l’articulation entre « commerce et culture », ainsi que la manière dont le droit international de la culture peut légitimer et renforcer une telle approche.
Fatigués mais actifs
Authors: Marquis Nicolas
Published: June 2021

Au-delà du contexte pandémique, ce qui crée la fatigue d’agir, c’est d’abord la généralisation de l’incertitude quant à l’avenir. Mais le développement personnel, le coaching et la résilience constituent de puissantes attitudes face à la contingence.
Annoncer la mort des aînés
Authors: Nicolet Marthe , Oris Michel
Published: June 2021

Cet article explore les représentations de la mort des personnes âgées à partir des avis de décès de 3 160 personnes de 65 ans et plus publiés dans deux quotidiens de Suisse romande, l’un ancré dans un milieu urbain et plutôt calviniste (Genève) et l’autre dans un contexte plus rural et plutôt catholique (Valais). Les avis ne se contentent plus d’annoncer le décès, mais se sont enrichis depuis 1950. En parlant de la mort et du défunt, ils nous révèlent les normes sociales véhiculées par les familles sur le décès de leur proche âgé. À travers l’emploi de la statistique textuelle, en particulier la classification hiérarchique descendante (logiciel Iramuteq), nos analyses révèlent des représentations du mourir vieux qui diffèrent, de manière plus ou moins sensible, en fonction de l’âge, du sexe, de la religion et du lieu de décès. C’est une vision plurielle qui ressort, allant au-delà d’une simple opposition entre la bonne et la mauvaise mort. Le critère d’âge se révèle important, rappelant la distinction que l’on retrouve dans la vieillesse entre 3 e et 4 e âge. Car ressort la perception d’un âge injuste et d’un âge normal pour mourir. Les avis documentent la mise en place d’un vocabulaire associant la mort dans le 3 e  âge au combat contre la maladie, justifiant un départ trop précoce. À l’inverse, lorsque le défunt s’en va à 85 ans ou au-delà, le vocabulaire emprunte des figures et métaphores au champ lexical du sommeil : s’endormir, s’endormir paisiblement.
Le vieil homme et la mort
Authors: Chastang Françoise , Lorenceau Hugo , Omnès Cécile , Védrinne Jacques , Walter Michel
Published: June 2021

Dans le contexte de fortes évolutions sociales et médicales au cours du siècle dernier, notamment en termes d’allongement de la vie, s’est développée une dimension de mort sociale des personnes âgées qui a fait émerger des demandes d’aide à mourir autour de la fin de vie pour raisons psychiques et/ou existentielles. C’est en redonnant la parole aux personnes âgées confrontées à l’exclusion liée au vieillissement, à leur précarité psychique et à un avenir incertain qu’il devient possible d’appréhender ce désir d’anticipation de mort. Les changements sociétaux et les évolutions cliniques placent l’éthique de la vulnérabilité de la vieillesse au premier plan de la réflexion dans laquelle la notion de mort sociale et la précarité qui en découle peuvent faire émerger un désir de mort anticipée.
Les configurations d’aide répondent-elles aux besoins de soutien des aidants principaux ?
Authors: Nogues Sarah , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: June 2021

Étant donné l’importance du soutien social à réduire la charge ressentie par les proches aidants de conjoints et d’aînés, notre recherche questionne la mesure dans laquelle les besoins en soutien social des aidants principaux sont comblés au sein des configurations d’aide autour d’une personne aidée, et si les aidants perçoivent du soutien en dehors de celles-ci. Nous avons effectué une recherche de terrain qualitative et avons mené 19 entrevues semi-dirigées auprès d’individus se percevant comme aidants principaux au Québec. Nos résultats révèlent un spectre allant d’expériences de soins « merveilleuses », caractérisées par une répartition des tâches en fonction des préférences de chacun des membres et par des relations stables d’entraide au sein de la configuration d’aide, à des expériences « cauchemardesques », caractérisées par une absence de soutien social et des conflits. Entre ces deux extrêmes, la plupart des aidants perçoivent un soutien irrégulier et insuffisant. Nos résultats indiquent que, malgré l’importance du soutien informel de l’entourage à réduire la détresse des aidants, dans la majorité des cas, les besoins de soutien instrumentaux, émotionnels et cognitifs des aidants principaux ne sont pas comblés au sein des configurations d’aide. Le milieu de travail et le milieu communautaire constituent deux importantes sources de soutien social pour les aidants principaux à ne pas négliger.
Covid-19 en Ehpad : quelle place pour les familles ?
Authors: Chovrelat-Péchoux Geneviève
Published: June 2021

Représentante des familles au sein du Conseil de la Vie Sociale (CVS) d’un Ehpad, je propose une étude de cas à travers un retour sur expérience de la crise Covid-19 dans cet établissement, mis sous administration provisoire au début du mois d’avril 2020. L’Ehpad Piano fonctionnait en mode dégradé avant la pandémie, sans cadre de santé. Or, ni la direction de Piano ni les autorités de tutelle (Agence Régionale de Santé et Conseil Départemental) n’ont accordé le moindre crédit aux alertes réitérées des élus des familles. Le constat de la catastrophe humaine qui s’est jouée à Piano pendant le confinement et l’isolement des résidents s’inscrit dans les affres de l’abandon, du silence et du deuil impossible pour les proches, dont témoignent leurs courriels. Les défaillances institutionnelles interrogent la représentation des familles par les institutions mais aussi, au sein des Ehpad, le rôle d’un CVS, instance consultative, et la place des familles. Ces dernières, presque toujours aidantes malgré le placement de leurs parents en institution, ont découvert de façon souvent brutale qu’elles ont un rôle à jouer à l’intérieur même de l’Ehpad, celui de veilleur du bien-être de leurs parents. Leur place est à repenser de toute urgence dans un cadre autre qu’une verticalité excluante.
Rouge piéton
Authors: Nguyen Éva
Published: June 2021

Essai inédit sur le daltonisme.
Tailleurs de Brésil : une ethnohistoire de la coloration transatlantique au XVI e siècle
Authors: Dubois Arnaud
Published: June 2021

À partir d’une analyse des sources iconographiques et textuelles documentant l’organisation du travail de la couleur qui se met en place au xvi e  siècle entre les populations Tupinambas et les marins Normands, cet article étudie les conditions de production du colorant de bois-Brésil à la Renaissance et les rapports de production qui les déterminent au sein des sociétés tupi et française.
Modelos literarios en el episodio de las abejas en Babiloníacas de Jámblico (Phot., Bibl. XCIV 3-4)
Authors: Librán Moreno Míriam
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo se propone estudiar dos de los modelos literarios que ayudaron a inspirar el episodio de las abejas en Babiloníacas de Jámblico (Phot., Bibl. XCIV 3-4): X., An. IV 8.20-21, que narra el envenenamiento de los compañeros de Jenofonte por culpa de la miel tóxica, y un cuento popular del que han quedado restos independientemente en Antonino Liberal (XIX 1-3), Conón (XXXV) y Eliano (NA XVII 45), que relata el ataque de unas abejas sagradas que tienen su colmena en una caverna contra quienes se llevan su miel. Jámblico mezcla modelos literarios para adaptarlos a sus fines creativos.
Intertexting, une démarche participative de cocréation en appui des pratiques urbaines
Authors: About Cedissia , Bailly Émeline , Blanc Nathalie
Published: June 2021

À partir de réflexions sur la participation citoyenne dans les quartiers, les notions du sensible et de l’esthétique environnementale, mais aussi le rôle de l’art dans les démarches citoyennes, cet article présente la démarche de cocréation de trajectoires territoriales Intertexting ainsi que les premiers retours d’expériences de ce nouvel outil dans différents quartiers. L’élaboration de récits collectifs sensibles ouvre des perspectives de déploiement dans les pratiques urbaines, du projet de quartier au projet urbain, avec les acteurs institutionnels et les acteurs locaux.
Lumbar canal stenosis in “young” - How does it differ from that in “old” - An analysis of 116 surgically treated cases
Authors: Goel Atul , Bhambere Sagar , Shah Abhidha , Dandpat Saswat , Vutha Ravikiran , Rai Survendra Kumar Rajdeo
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Patients treated for lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the differences in clinical management in those below (Group A) and those above (Group B) the age of 50 years. All patients were treated with the premise that instability is the nodal point of the pathogenesis of LCS and “only-stabilization” is the surgical treatment.

Materials and Methods:

During the period June 2014 to June 2020, 116 cases were diagnosed to have LCS and surgically treated by the Goel modification of Camille's transarticular screw fixation technique.

Results:

Twenty-four patients in Group A and six patients in Group B had a history of “significant” injury to the back at the onset of clinical symptoms. The indices suggested that the intensity of symptoms was relatively more severe in Group A than in Group B. Unilateral leg symptoms were more common in Group A (68%) than in Group B (31.8%). Neurological motor deficits were more common in Group A (28%) than in Group B (12%) patients. Spinal segments surgically treated in Group A ranged from 1 to 4 (average 2 levels) and in Group B it ranged from 2 to 5 (average 3 levels). During the follow-up period that ranged from 6 to 72 months (average 37 months), 100% of patients had varying degrees of relief from symptoms.

Conclusions:

LCS is confined to a lesser number of spinal segments in the Group A patients. The symptoms were radicular in nature and relatively severe in Group A than in Group B patients.
Stressful life events and serum triglyceride levels: the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort in Korea
Authors: Anni Naharin Sultana , Jung Sun Jae , Shim Jee-Seon , Jeon Yong Woo , Lee Ga Bin , Kim Hyeon Chang
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES: Elevated serum triglyceride levels are a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. A number of studies have demonstrated a positive association between psychological stress and serum triglyceride levels. However, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of stressful life events (SLEs) on serum triglyceride levels in the healthy population. Therefore, we evaluated the independent association between SLEs and serum triglyceride levels in a middle-aged Korean population.METHODS: We analyzed a sample of 2,963 people (aged 30-64 years; 36% men) using baseline data from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort study. The Korean version of the Life Experience Survey questionnaire was used to measure the presence and positive/negative impact of SLEs. Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as a fasting serum triglyceride level of ≥ 150 mg/dL.RESULTS: Of the 2,963 participants, 33.1% reported at least 1 SLE over the past 6 months and 24.8% had hypertriglyceridemia. Even after adjusting for potential confounders, the serum triglyceride level was significantly associated with the total number of SLEs in men (3.333 mg/dL per event; p= 0.001), but not in women (0.451 mg/dL per event, p= 0.338). Hypertriglyceridemia was also associated with having 4 or more SLEs with positive effects (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% CI, 1.02 to 6.46) and 4 or more SLEs with negative effects (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.41) in men.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that SLEs may increase the risk of hypertriglyceridemia in middle-aged men.
Trends in regional inequalities between 1910 and 1930 in Hungary and the successor states
Authors: Demeter Gábor
Published: June 2021

Trends in regional inequalities between 1910 and 1930 in Hungary and the successor states The present article is a summary of a 5-year research on historical peripheries of Hungary between 1910 and 2010. The identification of peripheral zones in Hungary in 1910 – which geographers failed to do up to now – contributed to the assessment of mistargeted regional development planning policies in the last hundred years. On the other hand it also caused debates, because many of the backward areas coincided with regions dominated by ethnic minorities, thus strengthening the opinion of the historians of the successor states that Austria-Hungary oppressed national minorities. The first part of the article summarizes the opinions, interpretations, misunderstandings emerging from this debate around mapping of inequalities and the implementation of geographical methods in historical research. The second part of the article goes further and – by drawing up the regional differences in 2010 – evaluates the development policies of the successor states, claiming that these were not better, than in historical Hungary; the successor states were driven by the same convictions and pursued similar policies toward zones inhabited by minorities as Hungary did. We show that there were remarkable shifts in the extension of backward zones and the question naturally arises when this process began. Using the census data of the 1930s we try to analyze whether some of these changes observable by 2010 can be traced back to WWII (or were generated only later), and if yes, whether these are direct consequences of the new borders drawn in 1920 or, contrary, it was the former processes during the Hungarian rule that culminated (implying that the first 10 years of the successor states was a failure regarding the integration attempts of the new territories). For this a distric level complex development level map of the region was created by combining 10 variables and the patterns in the 1930s were compared to those in 1910 and in 2010.
Ukraina a tranzyt rosyjskiego gazu do Unii Europejskiej. Stan obecny oraz perspektywy na przyszłość
Authors: Siotor Jakub
Published: June 2021

Ukraine and Russian gas transit to the European Union. Current situation and perspectives for the future

Ukraine is the most important transit state of Russian gas to the European Union. The annexation of Crimea in 2014 caused the military conflict what affects mutual business relations between those two countries until today. It was one of the reasons that made Gazprom start thinking of new gas transition installation omitting Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to show current role of the Ukraine in Russian gas transit to the European Union. The first part of the article describes current situation of the gas sector in Ukraine and historical review of relations with Russia concerning gas trade. The second part shows current ways of Russian gas distribution to the EU and the perspectives connected with new gas pipelines projects – Nord Stream 2 and Turkish Stream. The third part focuses on giving an answer to the question: weather the Ukraine still is to be the Russian gas transit state in the second decade of the 21st century? The study is based on scientific and press articles as well as on information given at official websites of the following institutions: European Union, government of Ukraine, government of Russia, NGOs from Ukraine, Russia and EU states. The article is also based on discussion that took place in Warsaw at 11th of May 2019 during International Conference Quo Vadis Ukraine held by phd research organization „Ucrainica”.
Vaccination strategies for a seasonal epidemic: a simple SIR model
Authors: Nakamura G , Grammaticos B , Badoual M
Published: June 2021

We model the effect of vaccination on an epidemic which, like the current one, exhibits a climate-induced seasonality. Our study is carried out using a simple SIR model. One important feature of our approach is that of recruitment: by gradually introducing susceptible individuals we mimic the spatial evolution of the epidemic, which is absent in the classic SIR. We focus on the effect of vaccination on the number of hospital admissions. We show that any delay in the vaccination campaign results in an increase of hospitalisations, and if one tries to palliate for the delay by increasing the vaccination rate, this results in an inflation of the number of necessary doses. Considering a multi-agegroup population we show that it is advantageous to prioritise the vaccination of the older groups (upholding thus the current practice). Finally, we investigate whether a vaccination of the younger population based on awareness can be an optimal strategy, concluding by a negative.
Community Making: An Expansive View of Curriculum
Authors: Oguilve Veronica , Wen Wen , Bowen Em , Abourehab Yousra , Bermudez Amanda , Gaxiola Elizabeth , Castek Jill
Published: June 2021

Making as a term has gained attention in the educational field. It signals many different meanings to many different groups, yet is not clearly defined. This project’s researchers refer to making as a term that bears social and cultural impact but with a broader more sociocultural association than definitions that center making in STEM learning. Using the theoretical lenses of critical relationality and embodiment, our research team position curriculum as a set of locally situated activities that are culturally, linguistically, socially, and politically influenced. We argue that curriculum emerges from embodied making experiences in specific interactions with learners and their communities. This study examines multiple ways of learning within and across seven community-based organizations who are engaged directly or indirectly in making activities that embedded literacy, STEM, peace, and the arts. Using online ethnography, the research team adopted a multiple realities perspective that positions curriculum as dynamic, flexible, and evolving based on the needs of a community, its ecosystems, and the wider environment. The research team explored  making and curricula through a qualitative analysis of interviews with community organizers and learners. The findings provide thick descriptions of making activities which reconceptualize making and curriculum as living and responsive to community needs. Implications of this study expand and problematize the field’s understanding of making, curriculum, and learning environments.
Salud y cuidados en las comunidades mbya guaraní de Puerto Iguazú (Argentina) durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Lorenzetti Mariana Isabel , Cantore Alfonsina
Published: June 2021

Mediante la reconstrucción de los escenarios abiertos durante la pandemia COVID-19 en Argentina, en este trabajo abordamos las nociones de salud y estrategias de cuidados puestas en juego y diálogo entre las comunidades mbya guaraní de Puerto Iguazú (Misiones). Desde una perspectiva contextual y relacional damos cuenta de los entramados que configuraron las disposiciones sanitarias y las campañas de prevención en su articulación con las formas de comunicación de los cuidados comunitarios.
Experiential learning in public health: evaluation of a health promotion campaign assessment for pharmacy students
Authors: White Simon , Gifford Alison , Frisher Martin
Published: June 2021

Description: Students in small groups designed, delivered and evaluated real-life health promotion campaigns in the local community. A peer assessed component was included from the fifth cohort onwards.    
Evaluation: Six successive cohorts of pharmacy students anonymously completed an evaluation questionnaire after finishing the assessment. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken on the data. The results showed that consistently more respondents reported the assessment as a positive experience than a negative experience. Significantly more respondents reported peer assessment as being useful and group members equally contributing to campaign planning in the cohorts with peer assessment compared to the pre-peer assessment cohorts, but peer assessment did not significantly affect enjoyment ratings. Respondents’ reported enjoyment of the assessment was significantly associated with agreement that it prepared them for health promotion in practice.   
Conclusions: Pharmacy students perceived the health promotion campaign assessment as appropriately challenging and enjoyable preparation for health promotion in practice.
Orofacial Dental Pain and Its Management – A General Guide and Systemic Review
Authors:   PG student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery SwargiyaDadasahebKalmeghSmruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Rathod Dr. Pavan
Published: June 2021

Pain is one of the main symptoms for which patients seek medical attention. Pain has been designated as the “Fifth vital sign” to mark its importance as health status indicator. Orofacial dental pain may be due to various conditions affecting numerous structures local to or distant to the oral cavity including the meninges, cornea, oral, nasal, sinus mucosa, dentition, musculature, salivary glands and temporomandibular joint. Evidence support the fact that the most commonly experienced orofacial pain is dental in nature. The dental reasons should be well thought of as the first step even in cases where orofacial pain is poorly localized. One of the most common reasons for seeking dental care is said to be pain and dysfunction, usually involving the teeth and surrounding tissue. Musculoskeletal, vascular and neuropathic causes of orofacial pain occur very frequently. Orofacial disorders may have pain and associated symptoms arising from a discrete cause, such as postoperative pain or pain associated with a malignancy, or may be syndromes in which pain constitutes the primary problem, such as TMJ disorder pain or headache.
Regspraak: What it means to be a parent: implications for family law and the law of intestate succession
Authors: De Waal MJ , Mills L
Published: June 2021

Die Gautengse afdeling van die hooggeregshof (Pretoria) het in Wilsnach NO v M beslis dat die natuurlike vader van ’n kind wat intestaat gesterf het nie as die “ouer” van die kind gekwalifiseer het vir doeleindes van die Wet op Intestate Erfopvolging 81 van 1987 nie. Die kind se ouma aan moederskant het volgens die hof egter wel gekwalifiseer om as “ouer” en daarom as die kind se intestate erfgenaam erken te word. Die hof het tot hierdie slotsom gekom nadat ’n kinderhof die ouerlike verantwoordelikhede en regte van die natuurlike vader beëindig het en ouerlike verantwoordelikhede en regte aan die kind se ouma toegeken het. Die hof was van mening dat die betekenis van die woord “ouer” in die Wet op Intestate Erfopvolging nie slegs op ’n biologiese band dui nie en dat die natuurlike vader nie voldoen het aan die definisie van wat as ’n ouer beskou behoort te word nie. Faktore wat in hierdie verband ’n rol gespeel het, was dat die vader onder andere nooit vir die kind gesorg, hom onderhou, as sy voog opgetree, hom teen mishandeling beskerm of hom begelei het om sy volle potensiaal te bereik nie. Die erkenning van die vader as ouer en dus as intestate erfgenaam sou volgens die hof teen die beste belange van die kind ingedruis het. Die ouma, wat wél bogenoemde ouerlike funksies vervul het, kon egter wel as ouer erken word en sy kon dus saam met die kind se natuurlike moeder intestaat van haar kleinseun erf. In hierdie bydrae word aan die hand gedoen dat, alhoewel hierdie beslissing moontlik sommige se sin vir billikheid mag bevredig, die hof nie korrek was in die wyse waarop hierdie resultaat bereik is nie. Daar word op enkele fundamentele verskille gewys tussen die hof se hantering van die probleem in die Wilsnach-saak en dié van die howe in hul vroeëre herinterpretasie van die begrip “eggenoot” in die Wet op Intestate Erfopvolging. Ook is die hof se toepassing van die beginsel van die beste belange van die kind en sy invoering van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005 se definisie van “ouer” in hierdie konteks omstrede. Wat die bereiking van ’n billike resultaat betref, word op enkele alternatiewe gewys wat die hof sou kon oorweeg het. Regshervorming rondom hierdie kwessie – in soverre dit wel nodig is – behoort eerder op ’n deurdagte en gestruktureerde wyse te geskied.
Importancia de la filosofía de la educación en el siglo XXI
Authors: PAITAN COMPI ELIZABETH LUCIA , AGUIRRE GONZALEZ MARIA ELOISA FATIMA , ÑACCHA CASAVERDE COSET BERDEY , SIGÜEÑAS RODRÍGUEZ CARMEN SAMMANDA , MELGAR MORÁN LUIS ALBERTO
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la importancia de la filosofía de la educación en el siglo XXI.  Sus orígenes se encuentran en las culturas antiguas, como en los aportes de la civilización griega, cuyo  afán fue ampliar sus conocimientos y descubrir la verdad, llevándolos a fijar las bases de lo que hoy conocemos como educación. En el presente artículo de revisión se analizó dicha importancia en el presente siglo, debido a que las sociedades actuales se esmeran por brindar una educación que busque formar ciudadanos que aprendan a convivir y sean capaces de mejorar sus estilos de vida. En este estudio se realizó un análisis epistemológico de la filosofía, epistemología de la educación y filosofía de la educación. A las conclusiones que la investigación arribó fueron: La filosofía de la educación permite la formación de ciudadanos con capacidad crítica, creativa y con una actitud ética; posibilitando al docente  la adquisición  de  conocimientos con el fin de poder transmitirlos a sus estudiantes; por tal motivo, el educador debe poseer capacidades intelectuales que faciliten la comprensión y el análisis, lo que encaminará al desarrollo de su pensamiento crítico y autónomo y el de sus estudiantes.
Chromato-mass-spectrometric identification of asymmetric dimethylhydrazine and N-nitrosodimethylamine
Authors: Nurislamova Tatyana V. , Alekseev Vadim B. , Ulanova Tatyana S. , Maltseva Olga A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Environmental safety is one of the main priorities of state policy. It ensures the legal regulation of relations in space activities to strengthen the defense and security of the Russian Federation and further extension of the international cooperation of the Russian Federation. Material and methods. In the fall areas of the stages of the booster rockets, screening studies were carried out to identify the propellant component 1.1-unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in atmospheric air (n=14) and drinking water (n=23), determine its metabolite N-nitrosodimethylamine quantitatively in the residents’ blood (n = 90) living in the surveyed areas before the rocket launch (n = 45) and after the launch (n = 45). Also quantitative determination of the N-nitrosodimethylamine metabolite in the residents’ urine in the observation group (n = 108) was performed. For comparison, there was selected a group of residents not related to rocket and space activities (n = 13). Identification and analysis of samples of atmospheric air, drinking water, and biological media (blood, urine) was performed using Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph (USA) with a 5975C quadrupole mass spectrometric detector (MCD) and a capillary column of the HP-FFAP 30m • 0.25mm • 0.25µm series. Results. The study revealed the absence of asymmetric 1.1-dimethylhydrazine in 100% of analyzed atmospheric air samples. During the observation period, the concentrations of N-nitrosodimethylamine in the range of 0.00039 to 0.001 mg/dm3 were found in drinking water samples that did not exceed the hygienic standard (LOCNDMA 0.01 mg/dm3). N-nitrosodimethylamine in a concentration range of 0.00095-0.346 mg/dm3 was determined in the blood samples of the population. The studies revealed that after the rocket launch, the N-NDMA concentration in the blood was 1.8 times higher than the concentration registered before the rocket launch. In the urine sample of the resident living in the surveyed area, N-nitrosodimethylamine was detected with a high degree of reliability according to the essential ion with mass 74 m/z and confirmatory ion of 42 m/z, and the concentration was quantitatively calculated at a level of C N-DMA = 0.23 μg/ml. The detection of N-nitrosodimethylamine in blood and urine, even in trace amounts, indicates the possibility of exposure. Conclusion. Performed comprehensive studies made it possible to prove the relative safety of the ecological situation in the fall areas of the booster rockets that are located close to settlements when considering the environmental pollution with unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and can be used for systematic monitoring.
Impact of the service terms on biochemical indices in employees at the potassium ore processing enterprise
Authors: Zemlyanova Marina A. , Koldibekova Juliya V. , Peskova Ekaterina V. , Pustovalova Olga V. , Ukhabov Viktor M.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The extraction of potash ores is developing at a significant pace. The flotation method is the way to obtain potassium chloride using chemical reagents that have a toxic effect on the respiratory and nervous system, and liver. The complex long-term impact of occupation factors of the working environment with an increase in work experience leads to a rise in the prevalence of diseases of vital organs and systems. The aim of the study is to assess the change in individual biochemical indices of unfavorable responses on the part of the health of workers at a potassium ore processing enterprise, depending on the length of work experience. Materials and methods. The working conditions of workers were assessed, the content of some aldehydes, hexane, and heptane in biological media was investigated, and changes in many biochemical parameters were established. Results. The factors of the working environment in workers at the potassium ore processing enterprise are characterized by the simultaneous exposure to chemicals (potassium chloride, formaldehyde, propionic and butyric aldehydes, hexane and heptane), physical parameters (industrial noise, the microclimate of the working area, the severity of the labor process) and are assessed as harmful (class 3.1). During long-term labor activity (more than ten years), workers have an accumulation of hexane in the urine (1.4 times) and the increased associated content of norepinephrine in blood plasma (up to 1.3 times), not established in workers with up to ten years of work experience. Workers with ten years of work experience and noise with a level of intensity at workplaces exceeding 14.4 dBA showed an increase of 1.3-2.3 times in the level of homocysteine and lipoprotein, not established in workers with a work experience duration of fewer than ten years. No dependence on the service terms was found for changes in sensitization indices of the upper respiratory tract and hepatocytes’ cytolytic activity. Conclusion. The revealed changes in indices with an increase in the length of service require special attention for the early diagnosis of occupational diseases and the development of measures to prevent emerging changes in critical organs and systems.
Occupational health risk management system for greenhouse vegetable growers
Authors: Novikova Tamara A. , Bezrukova Galina A. , Migacheva Anna G. , Spirin Vladimir F.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Prevention of chronic general somatic diseases associated with exposure to harmful working conditions is one of the primary measures to preserve the health of the working population and labor resources of the Russian Federation. However, insufficient attention is paid to the management of occupational health risks of agricultural workers, including greenhouse vegetable growers. Materials and methods. Hygienic and epidemiological studies were carried out based on the methodology for assessing and managing occupational health risks. Results. A complex of harmful occupational factors, including high temperatures and humidity, harmful chemicals, including pesticides, plant dust, and the labor process’s severity simultaneously affect working greenhouse growers. Working conditions were assessed as harmful (classes 3.2-3.3) of occupational risk categories from medium to high. Direct statistically significant correlations were established between the length of occupational service and diseases of the respiratory system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, and connective tissue (respectively r = 0.58; r = 0.6; r = 0.35). A high degree of causal relationship with the work in harmful occupational conditions of arterial hypertension (RR = 2.805; EF = 64.35%; CI = 1.498-5.253), radiculopathy of the lumbosacral spine (RR = 2.290; EF = 56%; CI = 1.140- 4.599), an average degree of uterine fibroids (RR = 1.969; EF = 49%; CI = 0.988-3.926) and chronic bronchitis (RR = 1.532; EF = 34.7%; CI = 0.682-3.442), which allows classifying them as occupationally conditioned. The system of preventive measures to minimize occupational risks and prevent occupational diseases has been scientifically substantiated. Conclusion. Current working conditions of greenhouse vegetable growers are characterized by the impact of harmful occupational factors promoting occupationally caused diseases, which requires the implementation of a set of preventive measures based on a risk-oriented approach.
Analysis of comorbid pathology in oil producers
Authors: Ustinova Olga Y. , Zaitseva Nina V. , Kostarev Vitalii G. , Vlasova Elena M. , Vorobyova Alyona A. , Nosov Alexandr E.
Published: June 2021

Aim of the study. To analyze the patterns of the comorbidity pathology formation in employees occupied in oil production. Materials and methods. Observation group - 292 employees of the oil production enterprise (100% men). The average age was 39.4 ± 10.6 (20-65) years. Average work experience is 13.1 ± 9.6 (3-22) years. The comparison group included 65 employees working in the management of the enterprise. The average age is 40.2 ± 9.8 (20-65) years. Average work experience is 18.5 ± 9.5 (5-23) years. Observation group - 292 oil and gas production operators (OGP) - 100% men. The study involved a comprehensive research program, results analysis, and mathematical modeling. Results. It is typical for oil and gas production operators to be exposed to a complex impact of harmful production factors: industrial noise, the intensity of work, and physical overload combined with chemical factors. A prior occupational risk to the employees under mentioned working conditions was classified from low (moderate) risk to medium (significant) risk. The age of employees with developed comorbid pathology in the observation group was 31.7 ± 5.4 years, work experience in the specified working conditions was 4.6 ± 1.1 years; the age of workers in the comparison group was 35.4 ± 3.9 years, work experience was 7.4 ± 2.7 years. The results of functional studies have demonstrated a complex of abnormalities in workers with little expressed clinical symptomatology. Analysis of comorbid pathology showed an increase in n according to CIRS score, increasing the working experience among oil and gas operators. Conclusion. Comorbid pathology occurs in oil production workers within ten years of working experience under conditions of combined occupational and non-occupational factors. In the comorbid pathology development, both induced intrasystemic and intersystemic disorders significantly worsens the working life prognosis.
Assessing adaptation capabilities in primary school children attending schools with different educational processes
Authors: Maklakova Olga A. , Eisfeld Darya A. , Zaitseva Nina V.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Innovative teaching and learning systems involve intensification of the educational process and greater academic loads; it results in the exertion of adaptation systems in a body, especially when it comes to primary school children. Purpose of the study. Our research goal was to assess peculiarities of adaptation capabilities in primary school children who attended schools with different educational processes. Material and methods. To study peculiarities of adaptation capabilities in primary school children, we performed a clinical examination of 183 children (51.4% boys and 48.6% girls, the average age being 9.51±0.17) who attended a lyceum (group A), a school with advanced studies of physics and mathematics (Group B), and an ordinary secondary school (Group C). We also analyzed how intense educational loads were in all three educational establishments. Children’s adaptation capabilities were assessed as per functional parameters of their cardiovascular and vegetative nervous systems and catecholamines’ contents in blood. Results. The entry-level secondary schools tend to have more intense educational processes. We established that primary school children who attended a lyceum faced 1.5 times greater intellectual and sensory loads; children who attended a school with advanced studies of physics and mathematics had educational loads that were 1.3-1.4 times more monotonous than in other establishments; children who attended an ordinary school had to bear 1.8 times higher emotional loads. ⅔ primary school children had exertion of functional reserves in their cardiovascular system caused by a longer educational load duration. 36% of primary school children who attended a school with advanced studies of physics and mathematics had tension in their adaptation mechanisms caused by monotonous educational loads combined with lower noradrenalin contents in blood. Those children also ran up to 4.9 times higher risks of adaptation mechanism exertion. 48.5-56.7% of children who attended a lyceum and an ordinary school had vegetative imbalance that became apparent via activated adaptation-trophic influence promoted by the sympathetic section in the vegetative nervous systems and related to the duration of learning activities. Conclusion. Intensification of the educational process results in disorders of compensatory-adaptation mechanisms in primary school children.
Indices of the body structure and activity of the cardiovascular system in female students in modern professional educational institutions
Authors: Trubetskov Alexey D. , Zhirov Kirill S.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The formation of professional groups occurs under the influence of numerous social, medical, and physiological factors. This phenomenon has been known for a long time, but special attention was drawn to it only in the middle of the last century when the term “healthy worker effect” or self-selection was introduced. Since people with various clinical and physiological indices go to various professions, which affects mortality and morbidity in the future and makes it difficult to assess the impact of professional factors objectively. Later, there were identified several reasons determining the state of health of professional groups, particularly the so-called. “Healthy / unhealthy hiring effect.” Moreover, when comparing different working populations, the health status of workers in some cases depended more on the initial indices of employment than on working conditions. The most common method for evaluating the health status of children and adolescents is the assessment of their physical development, particularly the degree of obesity. An increased level of body fat can negatively affect the health of the cardiovascular system. The choice of a future specialty upon admission of adolescents to professional educational institutions may depend both on hygienic features and the self-assessment of their adaptability to working conditions in future activities. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 141 female students enrolled in the Saratov College of Water Transport, Construction, and Services. During the examination, an anthropometric study, a study of the structure of body mass, and a study of the state of the cardiovascular system were carried out. Results. Body mass analysis found seamstress and hairdresser-trained girls to have lower body fat but higher levels of lean body mass and active cell mass. In contrast, insurance-trained girls and cook-trained girls had increased levels of body fat but lower levels of lean body mass and active cell mass. At the same time, girls who studied insurance and cooks had a higher load on the cardiovascular system. In these two groups, there were higher mean values of blood pressure and heart rate, as well as higher values of the cardiac index, index “rhythm” and index “myocardium”. Conclusion. Signs of latent obesity associated with a deficit in active cell body mass and excess body fat with normal body mass index are found in a significant number of girls entering various specialties of a vocational educational institution. There are found differences in clinical and physiological indices between groups of female adolescents entering various specialties of a vocational educational institution, which can be regarded as signs of the effect of healthy/unhealthy hiring. Trends that arise already at the stage of formation of professional groups can continue in the course of work and affect the state of health in the future.
Comparative characteristics of the actual nutrition of younger schoolchildren with different indices of nutritional status
Authors: Tsukareva Ekaterina A. , Avchinnikova Dar’ya A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Nutrition is one of the most critical factors determining the health status of children and adolescents. Violation of the nutritional status in excess body weight hurts the state of physical development of children. Malnutrition in childhood in childhood is a risk factor for the development of alimentary-dependent diseases, which determined the relevance of this study-the study of the structure of the actual nutrition of younger schoolchildren with various indicators of nutritional status to develop recommendations for optimizing the diet. Material and methods. The essential nutrition was studied in 80 younger schoolchildren of public educational institutions of Smolensk at the age of 9.5-10.5 years. To determine the nutritional status of schoolchildren, we used the standards of the World Health Organization (2007). Actual nutrition was studied using the 24-hour nutritional reproduction method. The composition of the body of children was investigated by the bioimpedance method using the AVS-02 Medass analyzer. Results. In the structure of nutrition of primary schoolchildren, regardless of the nutritional status of children, there is a deficit in the consumption of many essential products of the children’s diet (milk and dairy products, fish, vegetables, and fruits). In the diets of schoolchildren with excessive nutritional status, an excess of products with high energy value (confectionery and pasta, sugar) was revealed. In the intake of essential nutrients, there was noted an imbalance associated with excessive consumption of fats and carbohydrates, along with a lack of dietary fibers, a number of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, iodine), and vitamins (C, B1, B2, A, E, biotin). Conclusion. Comparative analysis of the actual nutrition in primary schoolchildren identified disorders and structure of food packages’ imbalance composition, most pronounced in children with excessive nutritional status. The performed correlation analysis confirmed the existence of a reliable relationship between nutritional status indices, anthropometric indices, and parameters of the body composition of the examined children.