bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Siddhast Technique: a new vegetative multiplication and water conservative technique for Jatropha curcas
Authors: Malhotra Kshitij , Kumar Dinesh , Pandey Vidya Dhar
Published: September 2020

Energy security is one of the prime concerns of any developing/developed nation and India ranks sixth in the world in terms of energy demand. The Indian economy is expected to grow at a rate of over 6 per cent per annum. The petroleum imports are expected to rise to 166 MT by 2019 and 622 MT by 2047, hence there is a growing need for energy security. Jatropha curcas has the potential to become a significant source of renewable energy if improved varieties are developed which can achieve its potential in terms of oil yield per hectare in marginal land. For vegetative multiplication, we have successfully carried out air layering in Jatropha curcas through siddhast technique, where a stem is induced to form roots using Rooter Strand while branch is still intact on the parent plant. Virtually no extra water is required to be given to the parent tree to produce a rooted plant. Here, we examined the competency of eight Rooter Strands vis-à-vis two conventional techniques of air layering i.e. tourniquet and gootee. Results showed that time for root initiation did not vary with treatments. In branches tied with Rooter Strand rooting started in minimum 3 weeks; the average root initiation period with Rooter strand was 4.56-6.66 weeks of installation. However, both conventional techniques T9 and T10 required 8.05 weeks and 6.40 weeks, respectively, to start root initiation. Significantly better rooting observed as compared with tourniquet technique and highest 100 per cent rooting was recorded in Rooter Strand-2, 31 and 41 along with control. Significant difference also observed among all the treatments representing Rooter Strand showed usually 83 per cent or higher for survival percent. This technique is very easy and does not require much skill. This technique has the advantages of air layering i.e. less need for physical inputs (water, electricity, infrastructure, etc). It reduces water consumption up to 90 per cent and electricity 100 per cent as compared to tissue culture. Thus, this technique is very conservative from cuttings and much faster than normal procedure of air layering for producing true-to-type plant material and can be adopted for multiplication of superior varieties of this species for their large-scale deployment for biodiesel production to ensure sustainable development with least water requirement.
Estimation of genetic variance on qualitative and quantitative improvement through biometrical approach half diallel analysis in (Triticum aestivum L)
Authors: Kumar Bijendra , Bharadwaj D. N. , Singh Lokendra , Gupta Sarvendra Kumar
Published: September 2020

The present investigation entitled “Genetic studies for yield and its contributing character in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was undertaken involving 100 genotypes (10 parents +45 F1s +45F2s) of a 10- parent-diallel to study the genetic parameters for some quality and quantity attributes along with its contributing traits. The diverse wheat cultivars/ genotypes and their first as well as second filial generation was studied by resolving them in genetic component analysis and selection parameters (direct and indirect parameters). The observations were recorded on 13 characters namely, days to 75% flowering, plant height, number of reproductive tiller per plant, number of spikelets per spike, spike length, number of grain per spike, days to maturity, 1000-seed weight, ear density, duration of reproductive phase, seed hardness, protein content and yield per plant. The data recorded were subjected to different analysis. Forty five crosses in F1 generation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used for studying the character association among grain yield and its related characters. The results showed that the number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and number of productive tillers per plant were significantly and positively associated with grain yield per plant in parents and F1 cross combinations. Dickson and Jinks (1956) extended the above methods of diallel analysis, which estimated both the degree of parental heterozygosity and comparable genetic components of variation.
Spatial distribution of basic exchangeable cations under different land uses in soils of Hamelmalo, Eritrea
Authors: Naz Huma , Weldetensae Million , Kanwar B. B. , Singh Balwan
Published: September 2020

The study was conducted at two sites; Hamelmalo Agricultural College and Basheri watershed area in sub Zoba Hamelmalo, Keren to determine the status of basic exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) under different land uses and their relationship with physco-chemical properties of soils. Global Positioning System based soil samples were collected randomly from different land use systems, cultivated (cereals and horticulture) and non-cultivated open wood lands. The pH values ranged from neutral to strongly alkaline and electrical conductivity values were found to be non-saline in nature. The textures of majority of the surface samples were found sandy loam. Availability of exchangeable Ca++, Mg++, K+ and Na+ in surface soils of all land uses varied from high to very high, moderate to high, very low to low and very low to moderate, respectively. Exchangeable K+ showed highly significant positive correlation (p less than 0.01) with clay content. However exchangeable Ca++ contents in soil was positively and significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with pH, clay, silt and negative significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with BD. Mg++ had positive significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with clay content and negative significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with sand.
Response of GA3 as foliar spray on the performance of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) varieties
Authors: Nath Vishwa , Kumar Sheelendra , Kumar Brijesh
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted during 2014-2015 at R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra, U.P to assess the effect of gibberellic acid on growth and flower production in different varieties of Gladiolus. The investigation was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting12 treatment combinations (0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) GA3 along with 3 Varieties viz. Pusa Vidushi (V1) Chandni (V2) and Popidear (V3) Among all the treatment combination under the trial was found significant, On the basis of results obtained on various aspects of the study envisaged that foliar spray of 150 ppm GA3 on variety Chandni produced better growth and flowering as well as corms production of gladiolus under the experiment.
Assessment of soil quality under maize-wheat cropping system of Milak block, district Rampur, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Singh Manoj , Mishra A. K. , Singh Reshu , Tripathi N. C.
Published: September 2020

Soil is one of the most important vital natural resource, defends the life supporting system of a country and socio-economic development of its people. More than ever before, a renewed attention is being given to soil due to rapid declining land area for agriculture, declining soil fertility and increasing soil degradation, wrong land policies and imbalance use of inputs (Kanwar, 2004). All the above factors call for a paradigm shift in research away from maximum crop production to the sustainability of crop production system without degradation of soil health and environmental quality. Soils differ greatly in their morphological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Since these characteristics affect the response of soil to management practices it is necessary to have information about these characteristics of each category of soil. Soil fertility is one of the important factors controlling yields of the crops. Within a soil, nutrient variability exists depending upon the hydrological properties of the soil and cropping system. In the present study 366 soil samples were collected from 21 gram panchayats and were analyzed. The soil samples were collected from rice-wheat cropping sequence. Analysis of soil samples revealed that 82 per cent samples were medium in organic matter content, 100 per cent soil samples were deficient in available nitrogen, while 92 per cent P and 100 per cent K samples were in medium range respectively. Among the micronutrients tested copper and iron were in sufficient range while manganese and zinc were deficient in soil.
Doubling farmers income by cultivating inter crops in Sugarcane
Authors: Singh K. M. , Verma S. K. , Prasad N. , Singh L. B.
Published: September 2020

A study was conducted for analyze the Doubling farmers income by cultivating inter crops in Sugarcane at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shahajahanpur, Uttar Pradesh for front line demonstration on various crop as inter crops with sugarcane during 2010 to 2015 in both planting seasons in jurisdiction area. FLDs on inter crop Urdbean, Moongbean, Mentha (Mentha oil) Groundnut were cultivated during spring seasons and Toria, Potato, Lentil and Vegetable Pea were cultivated during Autumn planting of Sugarcane. From the Front Line Demonstration it cane concluded that Sugarcane + Potato and Sugarcane Lentil gave higher net return in Autumn and Sugarcane + Mentha and Sugarcane + Groundnut in Spring planting Sugarcane.
Assessment of nocturnal insects in desert locust habitat after the application of insecticides against Desert Locust in Sub-Zoba Shieb, Eritrea
Authors: Brhane Daniel , Haile Adugna
Published: September 2020

The study on the impact of insecticide nocturnal insects used to control desert locust was conducted at Shelshela, sub-region Shieb from November 2015 to February 2016. Its aim was to assess the impact of Desert Locust control insecticides spray on non-target arthropods. The experiment was carried out in RCBD using three treatments of fenitrothion 96% ULV, chlorpyrifos 45% ULV and control with three replications. It was replicated three times. Each plot had a size of 1 ha with a buffer zone among plots and blocks were 100 m. Data were recorded two times at pre-sprays and five times at post-sprays. During study period 4 insect families were observed and data were analyzed. These were Calliphoridae, Elateridae, Scarabidae, and Pselaphidae. In pre-spray, data did not show significant difference among treatments used. After 48 hrs of post-spray result showed significant difference among treatments. Both insecticides treated plots showed significantly lower population count than control plot. Between the treatments used fenitrothion treated plots generally showed more reduction in population count than chlorpyrifos. From the study it is observed that Elateridae can be used as bio-indicator during insecticide control of desert locust in the study areas.
Best-fit probability distribution model for predicting annual maximum rainfall of Pusa (Bihar)
Authors: Kumar J. , Suresh R. , . Jyoti
Published: September 2020

In present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the suitable probability distribution models for predicting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7-days annual maximum rainfall amounts based on 39 years (1964 to 2002) daily rainfall data. Three probability distribution models namely: Log Normal distribution, Log Pearson Type-III distribution and Gumbel distribution models were considered to evaluate their goodness of fit. The Weibull’s method was used for computation of observed rainfall values at1, 5, 20, 30, 50, 95 and 99 percent probability levels. The Log Pearson type –III distribution was found suitable for 1 and 2 days maximum annual rainfall, while Gumbel distribution was found to be the best for predicting 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7- days annual maximum rainfall amounts. The relationships between annual maximum rainfall and return periods were also developed. The non – linear relationships (i.e. logarithmic) were found to be most suitable for all the cases.
Association among genetic parameters in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.)
Authors: Malik Vipin Kumar , Singh Shiv Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Singh Norang Pal , Malik Ankit , Dwivedi Vipin Kumar
Published: September 2020

The considerable amount of genetic variability on the basis of GCV and PCV estimates for the traits; days to 50% flowering, numbers of primary and secondary branches per plant, length of siliqua, 1000-seed weight, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index were found in thirty five genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss). Heritability and genetic advance were higher for days to 50% flowering, plant height and biological yield per plant. Although, number of secondary branches per plant, seed yield per plant and harvest index had moderately high heritability with moderate genetic advance indicating additive gene effects and selection pressure could be applied on them for yield improvement leads to fast genetic improvement of the materials. Days to 75% maturity, length of siliqua, 1000-seed weight and oil content had low heritability indicating that these traits were under the influence of environmental factors and selection on the basis of these traits could not be effective.
Efficacy of sub lethal doses of Insecticides on mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt
Authors: Hasan Wajid , Asif Nida , Patel Shweta , Singh N. K. , Singh Rajendra
Published: September 2020

The present study was done to know the efficacy of sub lethal doses Insecticides on mustard aphid, L. erysimi Kalt under laboratory conditions. Results revealed that the highest mortality of L erysimi were observed 100 % (Cypermethrin 10EC and Dimethoate 30 EC) followed by 93.33% (Thiamethoxam 25 WG, Imidacloprid 70 WG ), 86.67% (Acetamiprid 20 SP), 73.33% (Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Fenpyroximate 5 SC), 60% (Pyriproxyfen 10 EC, Fipronil 5 SC) at 72 Hrs after treatment in 0.001% concentration. At 72 Hrs after treatment in 0.002% concentration the highest mortality were observed 100% (Cypermethrin 10EC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC and Dimethoate 30 EC) followed by 93.33% (Lambda cyhalothrin 5EC, Imidacloprid 70 WG), 86.67% (Thiamethoxam 25 WG), 60% (Pyriproxyfen 10 EC), 80% (Fenpyroximate 5 SC), 73.33% (Fipronil 5 SC), 66.67% (Pyriproxyfen 10 EC, Acetamiprid 20 SP). Whereas Treated with 0.003% the highest mortality were observed 100% (Dimethoate 30 EC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Lambda cyhalothrin 5EC, Imidacloprid 70 WG Cypermethrin 10 EC) followed by 93.33% (Thiamethoxam 25 WG, Fenpyroximate 5 SC), 80% (Acetamiprid 20 SP, Pyriproxyfen 10 EC) and lowest 66.67% mortality recode in treated with Fipronil 5 SC.
Impact of front line demonstration on yield and economics of Wheat
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kumari Maya , Sinha Nidhi , Kumar Govind , Kumar Anil
Published: September 2020

The present investigation was done by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Manpur, Gaya in its 5 adopted villages (Bersima, Nawada, Mahmadpur, Sikahar and Sanaut) to know the Yield Gap, Economic Return, Extent of farmer’s satisfaction and Constraints faced by the farmers. In this study, 100 respondents selected were all those farmers on whose field FLD was conducted during the years 2015-16 and 2016-17. The plot size was 0.4ha for both Demonstration and Local Check. Before conducting FLD, the respondents were made abreast with the latest recommended package of practices of wheat. The demonstrated technologies under FLD resulted in an increase in yield by 19.15% over Local Check. It was also observed that there was technology gap (TG), extension gap (EG) and technology index (TI) of 9.11q/ha, 4.96 q/ha and 22.76 percent respectively. The economic performance of wheat under FLD showed an additional return of Rs.8085.5/ ha and additional cost of cultivation of Rs. 1525/ ha with BC ratio of 1.91 for demonstration and 1.70 for Local Check. The respondent satisfaction index (RSI) revealed that majority of respondent farmers expressed high (57.00%) level of satisfaction about Front Line Demonstration followed by medium (33.00%) and least under low category (10.00%). Unavailability of improved seed varieties of wheat in relation to climate change was found to be most confronting constraint as perceived by them and ranked I which was followed by Low technical knowledge about recommended package of practices (II) and Use of higher seed rate was identified as least important constraint and ranked as X in their priority list. The yield of demonstration was found higher than the local check but still lagging behind its potential yield. Thus, the yield could further be increased through effective extension methods like training and demonstration.
Screening of various genotypes of Rice for the management of false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Mohiddin F. A. , Sofi Najeebur Rahman , Gupta Vishal
Published: September 2020

Out of Sixty germplasms screened against false smut of rice, twenty nine viz., IET-16295, IET-16298, IET-16303, IET-15836, IET-15862, IET-14807, IET-15295, IET-15296, IET-15298, IET-15299, IET-15314, IET-15337, IET-15399, IET-10664, IET-15358, IET-15266, IET-15267, IET-16444, IET-16403, IET-16439,IET-16434, IET-16435, IET-16437, IET-15163, IET-15924, IET-15928, IET-15941, IET-15948 and IET-15949 were found free from false smut. Viability test of propagules revealed that the germination percentage of propagules decreased with the increase in depth of soil and length of storage. Also the propagules were more viable under laboratory condition than field condition where temperature was not controlled.
Gastro-retentive drug delivery system for treatment of Ulcer
Authors: Fateh Mohd Vaseem , Kumar Vikas , Chaudhary Renu , Ujjwal Vivak
Published: September 2020

Due to the comfort of administration, economical and extensibility in formulation, the most adopted route to the systemic circulation is the oral route regardless of the astounding elevation in the drug delivery. Oral drug delivery is the most comforting method of delivery due to its comforting method of delivery, due to its better solubility, accurate dosage and simpler production. Approximately 90% of the drugs are administered orally of which solid oral dosage form is the most chosen class of medicaments. Conventional dosage forms usually exhibit the serum drug concentration fluctuations and irregularities in drug concentration in the tissues with resultant toxicity, low bioavailability and thus low therapeutic effects. Accordingly, the concept of the oral sustained release drug delivery system has gained popularity in advancement. Sustained release drug deliveries have steady and consistent drug release over longer time duration. Here, if the drug release is consistent over the time duration, it is supposed to be controlled release system, however if the system doesn’t achieve the constant drug release but shows the drug release over the longer duration compared to the conventional system, it is prolonged release systems. These systems are hot in the recent trend as they offer huge designing and adaptability range during formulation
Analysis of present status, production constraints and future research strategies in Oilseed Brassica species
Authors: Singh Mahak Kumar , Tomar Amit
Published: September 2020

Rapeseed-mustard crops in India comprise traditionally grown indigenous species, namely toria (Brassica campestris L. var. toria), brown sarson (Brassica campestris L. var. brown sarson), yellow sarson (Brassica campestris L. var. yellow sarson), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.), black mustard (Brassica nigra) and taramira (Eruca sativa/ vesicaria Mill.), which have been grown since about 3,500 BC along with non-traditional species like gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) and Ethiopian mustard or karan rai (Brassica carinata A. Braun).
A study on Farmer’s knowledge about climate change
Authors: Singh Shilpa , Nigam Rashmi
Published: September 2020

Present study on Farmer’s knowledge about climate change to affect the farmer’s income and climate change on agriculture will depend on the ultimate form of changed climate, particularly the geographic pattern of temperature, rain fall, relative humidity; wind blow and sun shine. A climate change impact potentially significant to small farm production is loss of soil organic matter due to soil warming. The farmers have been using different strategies to adapt and cope up with uncertain weather and climate based on their experience and acquired knowledge from previous generation. The following example shows their crop selection skills according to the variation under rain fed agro-ecosystem. A climate change impact potentially significant to small farm production is loss of soil organic matter due to soil warming. Higher air temperatures are likely to speed the natural decomposition of organic matter and to increase the rates of other soil processes that affect fertility.
Analysis of variances and mean performance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)
Authors: Kumar Rajendra , Tomar Amit , Singh Mahak
Published: September 2020

The analysis of variance was carried out for nine characters for testing the significance of differences amongst the genotypes. Highly significant differences were recorded among the treatments for all the characters namely, days to flowering, Days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, number of siliquae per plant , number of secondary branches per plant, oil content, test weight and seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance further indicated highly significant differences among the parents except. Highly significant differences were also found among F1s for all the nine characters, parent vs. F1s revealed highly significant differences for the characters, plant height, length of main raceme per plant, number of siliquae per plant. Phenotypic coefficients of variance are found higher than genotypic coefficient of variance for both parents and F1.
Impact of tourism and hospitality industry in growth of Indian economy
Authors: Jaiswal Neha
Published: September 2020

It is a known fact that as the economy grows the demand for services increases. “The service sector is currently the fastest growing sector of the Indian economy”. Total contribution by travel and tourism sector to India’s GDP is expected to increase from Rs 15.24 trillion (US$ 234.03 billion) in 2017 to Rs 32.05 trillion (US$ 492.21 billion) in 2028. Hospitality and tourism is an important contributor to India’s service portfolio. The hospitality industry in India is changing at a very fast pace. Innovation is the buzzword in the industry. The Indian hospitality industry is witnessing a major shift wherein apart from traditional business or leisure travel, India’s hospitality sector has been witnessing interest from various segments like meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE), eco tourism, wellness tourism, spiritual and pilgrimage tourism. The Indian government has taken up various reforms to bring the pace in the industry growth with liberalization in the regulatory framework, investment friendly schemes, extensive support for creating a world class infrastructure, initiating better air and land connectivity, incentivizing regional set-up in tier III and IV cities, exploring the untapped geographical resources which has led to a comprehensive growth of the Indian hospitality industry. This paper focuses on impact of the hospitality industry in the development and growth of Indian economy which have transformed the scenario of the industry altogether. It also attempts to study the trends on the hospitality industry and the Indian economy at large.
Insect pest incidence in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Pal Sundar , Tiwari Prabhat
Published: September 2020

season, 2019. A category of insect was recorded on four sucking and six solid feeder insect. The population of Jassid, cowbug and leaf webber were recorded from 32nd SW to 50th SW where population rang was 0.33±0.58-6.67±2.31, 0.67±0.19-3.00±0.33 and 1.33±0.58-9.33±0.58 insect/week, respectively. The maximum population of pod bug (10.67±1.53 bug/plant/week), green bug (5.00±1.0053 bug/plant/week), spotted pod borer (8.67±0.58 larvae/plant/week), blister beetle (2.67±1.15 adults/plant/week), pod fly (5.00±1.00 larvae/plant/week), pod borer (8.33±0.58 larvae/plant/week) and plum moth (4.33±0.58 larvae/plant/week) were recorded from 10th, 44th, 48th, 44th, 45th, 49th and 49th SW, respectively.
Selection parameter analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)
Authors: Tomar Amit , Srivastava Manish , Singh Mahak
Published: September 2020

High heritability estimates were observed for days to maturity, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, seed yield per plant and oil content in both the generations and number of secondary branches and plant height only F1 generation In F2 generation, high heritability was observed for plant height, number of seeds per siliqua and number of secondary branches. The maximum genetic advance coupled with high heritability was observed for number of siliquae per plant in F2 generation. Correlation study indicated that Seed yield per plant showed a positive and highly significant association with 1000-seed weight.
Morphological characteristics basis of resistance in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) for bud fly (Dasyneura lini Barnes) in Central Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Pal Rishi , Malik Y. P.
Published: September 2020

A field experiment conducted for screened 288 elite gen pool of linseed against bud fly infestation at Kanpur, India during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13. The flowering duration showed significant positive relationship (r=0.9278 and 0.9368) with bud infestation. The maximum flowering duration 32.80 and 31.44 days was recorded on variety A-44 with highest bud infestation of 62.29 and 69.99 percent during respective years against variety C-C-1-2 which had a shortest flowering duration of 8.80 and 12.94 days with the minimum 16.38 and 14.30 percent bud fly infestation. The sepal thickness negative highly significant relationship (r=--0.7224) with bud infestation. The resistant germplasm line maximum sepal thickness (0.49 mm) had relative minimum bud infestation (6.88%) while minimum sepal thickness (0.24 mm) with maximum bud infestation(65.11%), plant height, flower colour did not show significance in bud fly resistance, whereas, flowering duration bud as well as sepal thickness showed significant impact.
Soil and Crop management relation with water use efficiency in Dryland agriculture
Authors: Gayar Attia El
Published: September 2020

The problem of shortage of water to crops can be resolved by increasing total water supply available to plants, increasing water use relative to other losses and efficient management of scarce water. Biophysically, solutions to many of the problems will require the improvement of soil, water, and crop management at the field, plot, and farm level: first, to increase the capture and retention of incoming (rain) water; and second, to maximize the proportion of that water productively transpired by the crop. Dry land agriculture under rain fed conditions is found mainly in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Latin America. In the harsh environments of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and West Asia and North Africa (WANA), water is the principal factor limiting crop yield. A review has been carried out on soil and crop management research that can increase the water use efficiency. The WANA production systems are dominated by cereals, primarily wheat in the wetter and barley in the drier areas, in rotation with mainly food legumes such as chickpea, lentil and forage legumes. The SSA production systems are generally characterized by cereal/legume mixed-cropping dominated by maize, millet, sorghum, and wheat. The major constraints in both regions to crop production are low soil fertility, insecure rainfall, and low-productive genotypes, low adoption of improved soil and crop management practices, and lack of appropriate institutional support. Different cropping systems and accompanying technologies are discussed. Results indicate that there is an advantage to apply these technologies but being function of socio-economic and bio-physical conditions. It is recommended that future research focuses on integrated technology development while taking into account also different levels of scale such as field, village, and watershed.
Estimation of heterosis for some traits in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Central Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Pal Rishi , Malik Y. P.
Published: September 2020

The estimation of economic for parent heterosis Linum usitatissimum L. genotypes 11 characters namely, Flowering duration (Days), Bud length (mm), Bud width (mm), Sepal thickness (mm), Maturity period (Days), Dough stage bud fly infestation (%), Capsules/ plant, Grains/ capsule, Yield/ plant (gm), Test weight (1000) grains and Oil content % were studied for testing the significance of differences among the treatments on experiment conducted at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur, of the university Kanpur during rabi 2012-13. The heterosis over economic parent (Neelum) showed positive and significant results. Crosses are JRF-5×Neela, GS-234 × IC-15888, GS-234 × JRF-5, EC-1424×GS-234, EC-1424×IC-15888, EC-1424×JRF-5, EC-1424×Neela, GS-234× Neela, IC-15888×JRF-5, IC-15888×Shekhar, IC-15888×Neela, JRF-5×Shekhar, Shekhar×Neela and IC-15888×Neelum. sepal thickness, (JRF-5×Shekhar, JRF-5×Neelum and JRF-5×Neela). Days to maturity, (EC-1424× Shekhar). Dough stage bud fly infestation, EC-1424×IC-15888, EC-1424×JRF-5, IC-15888×Neelum, Shekhar×Neelum, IC-15888×JRF-5, GS-234×Neela, JRF-5×Neelum and Neelum×Neela. Capsule per plant, (GS-234×Shekhar, IC-15888×Shekhar, IC-15888×Neela and JRF-5 × Shekhar) Oil content and EC-1424×IC-15888, IC-15888×Neelum, JRF-5×Neelum, Shekhar× Neelum, IC-15888×JRF-5 and Neelum×Neela. for Seed yield per plant.
Mass multiplication of Metarhizium anisopliae on different media
Authors: Taliyan Ankush , Kumar Ajay , Singh Rajendra , Rana Rohit , Rana Shekhar
Published: September 2020

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae are fungal species that is the frequently occurring and destructive pest management to the pathogenic soil and insects. The effect of different substrates for the mass production of Metarhizium anisopliae spore/ml was significantly higher recorded The results revealed that all the treatments were significantly producing spore per ml and thus increasing the yield significantly as compared to other substrates. The results revealed that all the treatments were significantly higher effective in producing spore/ml as compared to other substrates overall finding showed that substrate tested, for Metarhizium anisopliae spore/ml production was significantly higher recorded 240.53 and 195.26 spore/ml were recorded on substrate irrespective of the temperature.
Estimation of mean performance and genetic association of yield and yield components traits under rainfed condition in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: D. Mohan Vamsi , G. Sandhyasree , H. P. Meena , S. K. Payasi
Published: September 2020

The present investigation was carried out at the Research Fields, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The material for present study consisted of twenty newly developed mono and multi headed restorer lines including CMS lines. The data for agronomic and yield traits i.e. days to 50% flowering, days to physiological maturity, plant height, head diameter, volume weight, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant oil content and oil yield was recorded. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for almost all characters which favour the selection. Associations among characters especially indicated that among the seven traits studied, seed yield per plant had a highly significant positive association with head diameter and significant negative correlation with days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. The genotypes, COSF-6B, COSF-7B, RGP-11-P1-S2, RGP-58-P4-S1-1 and RGP-46-P3 were identified as the most important genotypes for different traits and should be utilized in heterosis breeding programme to realize high heterosis for yield and yield contributing traits.
Productivity enhancement in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as influenced by different improved production technologies
Authors: Rachhoya Hrish Kumar , Sharma Mukesh , Saini V. K.
Published: September 2020

Sesame is one of the important oilseed crops in India. The major constraint of its low productivity is non-adoption of improved technologies by the farmers. Cluster Frontline demonstrations to highlight the impact of different improved technologies like method of sowing, nutrient management, weed management and adoption of whole package of practices of improved technologies for the crop were conducted at 125 farmers' fields during Kharif 2017 and 2020 under rainfed conditions. The improved technologies improved the yield attributing traits as well as seed yield of the crop. The improved technology recorded a mean yield of 476 kg/ha which was 44.68% higher than that obtained with farmer's practice yield of 329 kg/ha. Higher mean net returns of 33,363/ha with a benefit: cost ratio of 3.28 was obtained with improved technologies in comparison to farmer's practice (mean net returns of 18,222/ha and benefit: cost ratio of 2.25).
Study on nutrient management in high yield Wheat system in Bihar using nutrient expert tool
Authors: Shahi Vishal B. , Dutta Sudarshan K. , Majumdar Kaushik , Tomar Amit
Published: September 2020

The SSNM is need-based feeding of crops with nutrients in right source, right rate, right time and right place while, recognizing the inherent spatial variability which enhances crop productivity, profitability, NUE and avoids nutrient wastage. This paper deals with the SSNM technologies approaches and tools which are able to enhance NUE, crop productivity and profitability in wheat crop. The SSNM caters to help in improving NUE as it provides an approach for feeding crops like rice, maize and wheat, etc with nutrients as and when needed. It is based on the concept when and how much to feed. The main benefit for farmers from improved nutrient management strategy is an increase in the profitability and reducing the cost and environmental threats. The SSNM reduces the wastage of fertilizers by preventing excessive use of fertilizers and avoiding fertilizer application when the crop does not require nutrient inputs. It also assures that N, P and K are applied in that ratio required by the intended crop. It aims to achieve high yield and high efficiency of nutrient use, leading to high cash value of the harvest per unit of fertilizer invested. Results from three years data from 2014 to 2016, 173 on-farm sites in four districts of Bihar showed that NE significantly increased wheat yields and economic returns compared to the generalized Farmers’ Fertilization Practice (FFP). NE’s impact on fertilizer use in wheat shifted K application upwards while also minute upwards N and P application rates. The study used recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT) and computer based application of "Nutrient Expert for Wheat, Maize and Rice", which transform the science of SSNM into guidelines matching the field-specific needs and conditions of a farmer. Across all sites, NE wheat increased to yield and economic benefit (i.e. gross return above fertilizer costs) over FFP. Recommendations from NE wheat also increased yield (by .63 t/ha) over FFP with large increase in fertilizer K (+50.88 kg K20/ha) and N and P fertilizer was minute increase N (+ 4.32 Kg N/ha) and P (+ 6.21 Kg P2o5/ha). Result revealed that nutrient expert application significantly increase higher grain yields over farmer fertilizer practice (FFP). Average wheat grain yield in NE practice was 45.32 Kg ha-1, which was 13.9% more than the Farmer Fertilizer Practices, with NE recorded an additional net income of Rs.8434 ha-1 over FFP respectively.
An Enhanced K-Nearest Neighbor Predictive Model through Metaheuristic Optimization
Authors: Allemar Jhone P. Delima
Published: September 2020

The k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm is vulnerable to noise, which is rooted in the dataset and has negative effects on its accuracy. Hence, various researchers employ variable minimization techniques before predicting the KNN in the quest so as to improve its predictive capability. The genetic algorithm (GA) is the most widely used metaheuristics for such purpose; however, the GA suffers a problem that its mating scheme is bounded on its crossover operator. Thus, the use of the novel inversed bi-segmented average crossover (IBAX) is observed. In the present work, the crossover improved genetic algorithm (CIGAL) is instrumental in the enhancement of KNN’s prediction accuracy. The use of the unmodified genetic algorithm has removed 13 variables, while the CIGAL then further removes 20 variables from the 30 total variables in the faculty evaluation dataset. Consequently, the integration of the CIGAL to the KNN (CIGAL-KNN) prediction model improves the KNN prediction accuracy to 95.53%. In contrast to the model of having the unmodified genetic algorithm (GA-KNN), the use of the lone KNN algorithmand the prediction accuracy is only at 89.94% and 87.15%, respectively. To validate the accuracy of the models, the use of the 10-folds cross-validation technique reveals 93.13%, 89.27%, and 87.77% prediction accuracy of the CIGAL-KNN, GA-KNN, and KNN prediction models, respectively. As the result, the CIGAL carried out an optimized GA performance and increased the accuracy of the KNN algorithm as a prediction model.
Implementation of High Performance EEG Based Seizure Detection And Analysis On Multicore Platform
Authors: P NAGASHYAM , T VIJAY KUMAR
Published: September 2020

About 50 million people worldwide suﬀer from epilepsy, the neurological disorder characterized by seizures. The primary tool for diagnosis of an epileptic seizure is an electroencephalography (EEG) which records the brain’s spontaneous electrical activity. This requires the placement of a minimum of 16 electrodes on the scalp with each electrode being interpreted as a channel. The classification of seizure detection and analysis techniques mainly work in two stages, where features are extracted from raw EEG data in the first stage and then the obtained features are used as input for the classification process in the second stage. Traditionally the Seizure detection algorithms were implemented using DSP Processor or FPGAs. But these single core platforms are constrained with respect to speed of operation and power consumption. There is a greater need to reduce the power consumption as well to increase the speed of EEG seizure detection system. This problem can be addressed using the Multicore Processors, which process data simultaneously. This project presents a high performance multicore platform for EEG based seizure detection and analysis. This platform performs continuous multichannel detection and analysis of seizures for epilepsy patients. The detection unit will detect the seizures based on feature extraction process once the seizure detection is done enables the analysis circuit that process the data based Uridva Triyabhakyam based 128 point FFT and transmits energy and frequency contents of EEG data. All proposed blocks are simulated and synthesized using Xilinx ISE and coding is done in Verilog.
IMPACT OF USING STONE POWDER AND MINERAL ADMIXTURES IN HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE
Authors: Syed Afzal Basha , B Jayarami Reddy , C Sashidhar
Published: September 2020

In present era, high-strength concrete is progressively utilized in modern concrete technology and particularly in the construction of elevated structures. This examination has been directed to explore the properties of high-strength concrete that was delivered by using stone powder (SP) as an option of extent on sand after being processed. The aim of the research is to study the effect of replacement of sand with stone powder and substitution of cement with mineral admixtures (GGBS & Zeolite) on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete. The test results showed clear improvement in compression and split tensile nature of concrete by using stone powder and mineral admixtures together in concrete. The increment in the magnitude of compressive strength and split tensile strength are comparable with conventional concrete.
Breakdown in the Public Pension System: Not in the Name of Demography!
Authors: Miret Pau , Zueras Pilar
Published: September 2020

In a Spain with full employment and less incapacity, dependence on the pension system would be less than half of what it is at present. For each dependent person there would be three contributors. Most experts say that the main threat to the stability of the pension system comes from demography. It is argued that population ageing would increase the ratio between pensioners and contributors, which would then make payment of pensions non-viable since there would not be enough working-age people to fund the rising pension pay-outs. However, less attention is paid to the fact that Spain presently enjoys robust demographic health since a large number of contributors is concentrated in the years of adulthood and the most productive period of working life, a fact which could be taken advantage of in order to fill the “piggy bank”. Yet despite this favourable demography, the pensions reserve fund is being depleted because of the economic recession. In this number of Perspectives Demogràfiques the extent of this demographic waste is demonstrated and the debate on pensions is taken beyond the framework of simply laying the blame on demography. First, we shall analyse the structure of the social security system, distinguishing between contributors, people receiving unemployment benefits, and pensioners in order to proceed with an exercise of simulation which will permit us to calculate what the ratio would be in a more rationalised economy.
La quiebra en el sistema público de pensiones: ¡no en nombre de la demografía!
Authors: Miret Pau , Zueras Pilar
Published: September 2020

En una España con pleno empleo, y menor incapacidad, la dependencia en el sistema de pensiones se reduciría a menos de la mitad de la que actualmente sufrimos. Por cada 1 dependiente habría 3 contribuyentes. Según la mayoría de expertos, la principal amenaza a la sostenibilidad del sistema de pensiones proviene de la demografía. Se argumenta que el envejecimiento de la población aumentará la ratio entre pensionistas y cotizantes, lo que hará inviable el pago de las pensiones, al no haber suficientes personas en edad activa para hacer frente a la creciente nómina de las pensiones. Sin embargo, se tiene menos presente la idea de que España goza en la actualidad de buena salud demográfica, pues concentra un gran número de cotizantes en las edades adultas y más productivas de la vida laboral, hecho que podría aprovecharse para llenar la ‘hucha’ de las pensiones. A pesar de esta demografía favorable, el fondo de reserva se está vaciando a causa de la recesión económica. En este número de Perspectives Demogràfiques se muestra, precisamente, la extensión de este despilfarro demográfico y se sitúa el debate de las pensiones más allá de la simple culpabilización de la demografía. Primero analizamos la estructura del sistema de la seguridad social diferenciando entre cotizantes, prestaciones de paro y pensionistas para, más adelante, realizar un ejercicio de simulación para calcular cuál sería la ratio con una economía más saneada.
El diseño industrial, salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural inmaterial en México
Authors: Maldonado Reyes Ana Aurora
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analiza la participación del diseño en las acciones de salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial (PCI), en el ámbito de las técnicas artesanales tradicionales. Primero hablaremos sobre el Diseño, su conceptualización, su práctica y relación con las artesanías. En seguida se conceptualizará el PCI, sus ámbitos y características, así como la necesidad de salvaguardia, se pondrá especial énfasis al ámbito de la práctica artesanal, a partir de este observar su relación con los otros, como el de "usos sociales, rituales y actos festivos”. De esta manera se enmarcará la labor que en el ámbito de las técnicas tradicionales artesanales y práctica artesanal se puede y se ha llevado a cabo por parte del Diseño. Este trabajo también hace un recuento de las investigaciones que el Cuerpo Académico de Diseño y Desarrollo Social ha llevado a cabo en materia de salvaguardia del PCI.
Successful cervical cerclage in a pregnant woman with a large cervical myoma
Authors: TOPDAĞI Yunus Emre , TOPDAĞI YILMAZ Emsal Pınar , KAYA TOPDAĞI Seray , GUZEL Ali
Published: September 2020

Cervical insufficiency or early cervical dilation is a fundamental cause of second-trimester pregnancy loss. Cervical cerclage is the principal treatment for women with cervical insufficiency. Uterine myoma is the most common benign gynaecologic tumour, occurring in approximately 20% of reproductive age women, whereas uterine cervical myoma is rare and constitutes 5% of all myomas. One of the most important aetiological factors for premature labour is cervical insufficiency. Emergency cerclage can be effective, although according to the literature cerclage placement as a means of prolonging the duration of pregnancy has provided conflicting results. Here, we aimed to present successful implementation of cerclage process in a pregnant patient with a large cervical myoma.
MODELS OF SECURITY OF POST-QUANTUM ASYMMETRIC ENCUSSION BASED ON INDISTINGUISHABILITY
Authors: Yesina M. V. , Vdovenko S. G. , Gorbenko I. D.
Published: September 2020

The article takes a verifier of equivalence of the quality of indistinguishability (uncertainty) of the semantic security for the cryptosystems defense against of attacker's cryptanalyses based on matched (selected) open text. The issues of analysis and research of security models of post-quantum cryptoalgorithms in relation to cryptoprimitives of all types, the definition of criteria for assessing their compliance with different security models (according to different types of crypto-transformations) are relevant and of practical importance. The indistinguishability (uncertainty) of encrypted text is an important property of the security of many encryption schemes. The indistinguishability (uncertainty) property when attacking on the basis of matched (selected) plain text is considered a basic requirement for the majority of reliably protected public-key cryptosystems. Some schemes also provide an indistinguishability for attack based on selected (selected) encrypted text and attack based on adaptively picked (selected) encrypted text. The indistinguishability (uncertainty) of an attack on the basis of a selected (selected) open text is equivalent to the properties of semantic security. If the cryptosystem has the property of indistinguishability, the attacker will not be able to distinguish between pairs of encrypted texts based on the message that they encrypt. In the case of non-differentiation (uncertainty) of ciphertext protects all known cryptosystems from the intruder which: is a probabilistic Turing machine of polynomial time; has all algorithms; has full access to communications. Using the property of the indeterminacy (uncertainty) of the encrypted text at the present time, it is guaranteed to protect all known symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems from the classical or quantum cryptanalysis of the intruder. Here are a review of mostly attacks on the encryption security namely an attack based on adaptively matched (selected) ciphertexts, an attack based on adaptively matched (selected) open texts, an attack based on both of this types of texts, an attack based on matched (selected) ciphertexts, an attack based on matched (selected) open texts and a recognition attacks (recognizability).