bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Personality And Behavioral Intention In Student Teams
Authors: Forrester William R. , Tashchian Armen , Shore Ted H.
Published: July 2016

This study investigated the applicability of the Big Five and FIRO-B frameworks as predictors of group process outcomes in the context of student teams.  The personality dimensions of Agreeableness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism were correlated with the interpersonal behavior dimensions of Inclusion, Affection, and Control.  The degree of association between personality and interpersonal factors differed by personality dimension.  No relationship was found for the Openness dimension.  Results of the study support the applicability of both frameworks in the context of student teams.  Results suggest that unlike the clinical and workplace participants in prior studies, business student subject are sufficiently homogeneous to support the distinction between the FIRO-B constructs of Inclusion and Affection.
An Introduction To Cost-Of-Living Adjustments In Public Retirement Plans: Details Matter
Authors: Jennings Penelope R. , Jennings William P. , Phillips G. Michael
Published: July 2016

While financial planning students are expected to be able to understand client retirement plans, subtle differences in cost-of-living adjustments can have major impact on the success of client retirement plans. This teaching note compares the cost-of-living adjustments in the largest government sponsored retirement systems and a hypothetical traditional privately sponsored plan.  Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we estimate the impact on retirement experience from the different COLAs.  These differences are large, with differing protection from future inflation and differing risk for running out of money during retirement. This teaching note will help instructors address Certified Financial Planner (CFP) Board Learning Outcome G.52 “Retirement Needs Analysis”.   The material may also be used in economics, human resources, public administration, and other classes addressing policy aspects of retirement plans.
Building Collegiate E-Loyalty: The Role Of Perceived Value In The Quality-Loyalty Linkage In Online Higher Education
Authors: Kilburn Brandon , Kilburn Ashley , Davis Dexter
Published: July 2016

E-service quality of online higher education reflects the student’s perception of quality of online exchanges across four dimensions: fulfillment, efficiency, system availability and privacy.  This study links e-service quality to intentions to remain loyal as mediated by perceived value in an online higher education environment.  AMOS is used to examine the structural model based on responses to a student self-report online survey (n=127).  Results indicate a strong causal linkage between e-S-QUAL and Loyalty Intentions as mediated by Perceived Value.  Further, the direct linkage between e-S-QUAL and Loyalty Intentions was found to be insignificant, substantiating the proposed full mediation model.
Teachers' Misunderstanding The Concept Of Inclusive Education
Authors: Sanagi Tomomi
Published: July 2016

Teachers' misunderstanding the concept of inclusive education will not lead to good practices, rather make an exclusive environment for pupils with special educational needs in mainstream schools. This study clarified teachers' attitudes towards the image of inclusive education with conjoint analysis and cluster analysis. The participants for this study were 182 teachers who were from both mainstream schools and special schools. Their image about inclusive education was mainly dependent upon the organization of group and size of a group. The subfile summary of the conjoint analysis indicated that the teacher's views of inclusive education as images of "expanding school environment to include a child", withdrawal to "resource room", "small groups", and "a pupil with disability in a mainstream group." On the other hand, images of "repudiation of segregated learning opportunities", "homogeneous group", "a large size group", and "various attributes in a group" were perceived as "non-inclusive." The author has divided the participants into two groups by cluster analysis. The factors in dividing were discussed as not depend on their teaching experience nor school type, but local school environment - such as enrollment ratio of foreign pupils.
Achieving It Governance Of Social Media At Strategic And Operational Levels
Authors: Gerber Petro
Published: July 2016

Social media offers great opportunities for businesses, and the use thereof will increase competitiveness. However, social media also introduces significant risks to those who adopt it. This study was undertaken to identify incremental risks resulting from the adoption of social media by businesses and to develop an integrated Information Technology (IT) governance control framework to address these risks. In order to overcome the IT gap, these risks are addressed both at strategic and operational levels. With the help of the processes in Control Objectives for Information Technology and Related Technology (COBIT) 5, this study provides safeguards or controls that can be implemented to address the IT risks that social media introduces to a business. A business can ensure that it successfully governs the IT-related risks at a strategic level through the implementation of the safeguards and controls identified from COBIT 5. This study also briefly discusses the steps that a business can follow to ensure IT-related risks at an operational level are addressed through the implementation of configuration controls.
The Performance Of Undiversified Portfolio In Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Frensidy Budi
Published: July 2016

This research is aimed to analyze the diversification practice among domestic retail investors at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and its portfolio performance. An individual domestic investor at IDX holds 4.3 stocks on average with the median two stocks. This is far from the minimum number of stocks required for the diversification purpose. But, this finding is in line with the findings of Goetzmann & Kumar (2008), Kelly (1995), and Polkovnichenko (2005). For the performance, without considering risk, minimum diversification with five stocks or fewer and moderate diversification with six to ten stocks in the portfolios tend to be better than the extensive diversification. However, when risk is taken into account, the undiversified portfolios do not outperform the extensive diversification.
The Dimensions Of FDI In The Tourism Sector In Africa
Authors: Bezuidenhout Henri , Grater Sonja
Published: July 2016

The tourism sector in Africa has received an increasing focus as it is viewed to be a fast growing sector and a potentially substantial provider of employment. With increasing numbers of tourists from developing countries the sector is set to become a major contributor to the African growth story through higher standards of living and positive effects on the economy. Little is understood of the contribution of multinational tourism enterprises and whether their investments are affecting the much acclaimed story of increasing tourism to Africa. We aim to contribute to the discussion by investigating links between the tourism of African countries and inward FDI in tourism. Although datasets for African countries are mostly incomplete, at best, the changing dynamics of international data collection allows for the establishment of a baseline comparison between the tourism data of the United Nations Tourism Organisation and the FDI data of Financial Times FDI-Markets databases. We find that, not only, does FDI in tourism positively affect the various tourism categories’ figures but also that the main investors are not the traditional African FDI partners. FDI in tourism is also focussed on a narrow band of highly specialized tourist destinations, which allows for highly specialized policy adaptations. These results help to focus FDI policy formulation by African governments and Investment Promotion Strategies, Investment Incentives and Bilateral Investment Agreements between home and host countries as well their respective Investment Promotion Agencies. The results may also help industry to understand the untapped potential for tourism FDI in Africa.
The Contribution Of Organisational Climate To Employee Well-Being
Authors: Mafini Chengedzai
Published: July 2016

There is ample space for further human resource based research in the service industry sector in South Africa. For that reason, this study developed and tested a conceptual framework that linked employee well-being to four organisational climate factors; namely, manager-employee relationships, working conditions, remuneration and work allocation. An adapted six section structured questionnaire was administered to a conveniently recruited sample composed of 164 employees drawn from seven service industry enterprises located in Southern Gauteng, South Africa. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. All four organisational climate dimensions were statistically significant, implying that they predict employee well-being in the service industry. The results of this study may be used by managers in similar environments as either diagnostic tools or as a reference benchmark for strategic interventions in solving employee well-being related problems.
Accounting Conservatism And Firms’ Investment Decisions
Authors: Cho Jungeun , Choi Won-Wook
Published: July 2016

This study examines the effectiveness of accounting conservatism in monitoring and controlling managers’ decision-making regarding opportunistic investment. We find that accounting conservatism is negatively associated with over-investment. This suggests that conservative accounting policies serve as an efficient monitoring and controlling mechanism for opportunistic investment decisions. We also find a stronger negative association between accounting conservatism and over-investment in firms with low managerial ownership and low ownership by foreign investors. The results of our analysis imply that the impact of timely loss recognition on over-investment is more significant in firms with high agency problems and weaker monitoring ability, and that this factor complements other governance mechanisms, thereby helping to control managers’ myopic investment decisions. We provide evidence for a role of financial disclosure in mitigating managers’ opportunistic over-investment decisions. Though managers’ over-investment decisions are motivated by private gain, which reduces firm performance and compromises investors’ welfare, limited research exists on the role of financial information in alleviating such behavior. We suggest that timely loss recognition in financial statements can serve as an effective monitoring mechanism to aid in control of managers’ myopic over-investment.
Empirical Investigation Into Customer Adoption Of Islamic Banking Services In Tunisia
Authors: Obeid Hassan , Kaabachi Souheila
Published: July 2016

This paper seeks to identify the main factors influencing the adoption of Islamic banking by conventional bank customers in Tunisia. Based on a primary data collected by self-administered questionnaires involving a sample of 239 respondents located in Tunis City, the results of this study demonstrate that religious commitment, the amount of information held by consumers about Islamic finance, the relative advantage of Islamic banking and its compatibility with consumer values, lifestyle, and banking habits are predictors of its adoption. However, it is worth noting that social influence does not have any effect on customers’ decisions to use this new banking service. The findings also reveal that there is a general lack of information about the Islamic banking among Tunisian consumers. By identifying the drivers of Islamic banking acceptance among potential adopters, this paper aims to help bank managers target their actions and strategies more effectively.
The Influence Of Cultural Thinking Style On Consumer Cognitive Complexity Underlying Wine Purchase Decisions
Authors: Choi Byung-Joon
Published: July 2016

Drawing on the cultural priming paradigm, the purpose of this research is to investigate how cultural differences in cognition affect consumers’ hierarchical cognitive structures underlying wine purchase decision-making process. Means-end chain analyses of French and Korean wine consumers were conducted both at a chronic cultural difference level and at an experimental level in which either analytic or holistic thinking tendency is primed. The results show that the holistic thinking-primed consumers consider broader connections between the key perceptual elements of the means-end chain, resulting in more complex structures of interconnected motives than the analytic thinking-primed consumers. This study provides support for the dynamics of culture-specific thinking styles as the driver of cultural variations in wine consumers’ cognitive complexity in the decision-making process. Important practical implications for international food marketing managers stem from our cross-cultural findings.
Caracterización epidemiológica de la linfadenitis caseosa en rebaños caprinos de la península de Paraguaná, Venezuela
Authors: Delgado Duno Alexander , Zárraga Julimar , Chirino-Zárraga Carmen I. , Carrero Portillo Lilia L.
Published: July 2016

La linfadenitis caseosa (LC) es una enfermedad infecciosa de carácter crónico causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; afecta a pequeños rumiantes y genera pérdidas económicas por reducción del peso, eficiencia reproductiva, producción de leche y lana, decomiso de canales y depreciación de pieles. Dada la importancia socioeconómica de la producción caprina en el estado Falcón (Venezuela), el objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar epidemiológicamente la enfermedad en rebaños de la península de Paraguaná. La investigación es de carácter descriptivo. La fase de campo se efectuó durante seis semanas, tiempo en que se inspeccionaron los ganglios linfáticos superficiales, de los que se obtuvieron 71 muestras de secreción purulenta en aquellos animales en los que se presumía padecían de LC, según las manifestaciones clínicas. Una vez en el laboratorio, los especímenes se analizaron bacteriológicamente; se compararon los aislamientos de C. pseudotuberculosis con la cepa de referencia ATCC 19410. Solo se detectó como factor de riesgo de la LC (p < 0,05) la procedencia de los caprinos según la unidad de producción, de las que se observaron con las mayores prevalencias en aquellas ubicadas en el municipio Falcón, entre las cuales las lesiones en los ganglios preescapulares fueron las más frecuentes (p < 0,05) entre todos los animales diagnosticados. Se identificaron cepas con resistencia a penicilina, trimetoprimasulfametoxazol y novobiocina. Estos resultados son de importancia para la concientización de los productores, dado que esta actividad es de vital trascendencia en la región y en muchos casos se pudo constatar el desconocimiento del tema.
Estudio epidemiológico de paratuberculosis bovina en hatos lecheros del sur de Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Benavides Benavides Bibiana , Arteaga Cadena Ángela Viviana , Montezuma Misnaza Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2016

Introducción: la paratuberculosis (PTBC), también llamada enfermedad de Johne, es un trastorno gastrointestinal crónico de rumiantes domésticos y silvestres causado por Micobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis (MAP). Está distribuida mundialmente y genera un alto impacto en la ganadería, debido a que disminuye la producción, se pierde potencial genético por reemplazos tempranos de animales infectados y se incrementa la mortalidad. Objetivos: evaluar la presencia de anticuerpos anti-MAP en fincas lecheras del sur de Nariño y describir su distribución de acuerdo con características poblacionales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en 958 vacas mayores de 2 años en 16 fincas lecheras. Para determinar la presencia de anticuerpos, se usó la prueba diagnóstica de Elisa indirecto (kit comercial Svanova®). La seropositividad fue asociada con las variables de raza, edad, ubicación, condición corporal, número de lactancias y estadio clínico mediante la prueba estadística de chi cuadrado. Resultados: se encontraron 15 fincas (94 %) con al menos un animal positivo y 77 vacas (8 %) con anticuerpos anti-MAP. Se estableció una asociación significativa (p < 0,05) con la condición corporal del animal. Conclusiones: en los principales municipios lecheros se encontraron vacas con anticuerpos anti-MAP y no se encontró relación entre edad, raza, ubicación y estatus clínico con la seroprevalencia-MAP, pero sí con la condición corporal.
Efectos de la inclusión de dietas ricas en flavonoides en la calidad de la leche bovina
Authors: Cruz Carrillo Anastasia , Lizarazo Cely Carlos Sebastián
Published: July 2016

La leche bovina constituye uno de los principales alimentos para los mamíferos y, específicamente, para el ser humano; por ello su calidad debe ser óptima y cumplir con todos los aspectos nutricionales y de inocuidad. El objetivo de esta revisión fue recopilar información científica actualizada sobre la importancia de la presencia de flavonoides en la leche bovina, respecto a su valor nutricional y los beneficios que estos metabolitos traen para la leche y el consumidor. La descomposición de la leche está dada por el efecto de la luz, la temperatura y el tiempo sobre la grasa y las proteínas presentes en esta, así como por la fermentación láctica realizada por las bacterias. De esa manera, el control de los tres factores o de uno de ellos contribuye a prolongar la vida útil de la leche y demás productos lácteos. Así, se pudo determinar que buscando retardar el enranciamiento de la leche y de sus subproductos, se ha propuesto incluir forrajes que contengan sustancias antioxidantes como los flavonoides en la ración de las hembras bovinas en producción, que siendo biodisponibles en la especie, también salen en la leche en forma activa y en concentraciones equivalentes a las plasmáticas. Adicionalmente, la presencia de flavonoides en la leche bovina puede aportar una fuente de antioxidantes naturales para el consumidor, lo cual constituye un efecto benéfico para la prevención de algunos procesos patológicos mediados por radicales libres.
Dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem de uma unidade de clínica médica
Authors: Araujo Meiriele Tavares , Velloso Isabela Silva Câncio , Queiroz Claudia Ferreira de , Henriques Angelina Vidal Baia
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: analisar o dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem em uma unidade de Clínica Médica através da metodologia de dimensionamento proposta pela Resolução COFEN nº 293/04. Método: estudo quantitativo e descritivo. Os dados foram trabalhados com o Programa Stata12. Traçou-se o perfil da unidade e dos pacientes, a classificação em tipos de cuidado e o dimensionamento ideal para unidade. Resultados: a idade média foi 62 anos; predominância de pacientes do sexo masculino; a média de paciente-dia foi 34,1; 91,51% dos pacientes internados não tinham acompanhante. De acordo com a Classificação de Pacientes quanto ao tipo de cuidado, obteve-se 5,3 (15,52%) de cuidados mínimos, 3,9 (11,42%) de cuidados intermediários, 8,5 (24,87%) cuidados de alta dependência, 9 (26,44%) de cuidados semi-intensivos e 0,3 (0,97%) de cuidados intensivos. Constatou-se quantitativo de pessoal inadequado. Apenas 60,8 horas (8,8 horas-enfermeiro e 52 horas-técnico de enfermagem) de cuidados de enfermagem são dispensadas em 24 horas cuja demanda é de 211,8 horas para média diária de 34 pacientes. Conclusão: o dimensionamento de enfermagem encontra-se inadequado para Resolução do Cofen, pois havia a cobertura de apenas 60,8 horas de cuidados de enfermagem em 24 horas, logo 1,87 horas por paciente com um deficit diário de 7,53 horas.
A visão médica do parto domiciliar: factível ou utópico?
Authors: Matão Maria Eliane Liégio , Miranda Denismar Borges de , Costa Bárbara Paula , Borges Taise Pires
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: conhecer o que médicos atuantes na área obstétrica pensam a respeito da prática do parto domiciliar. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo, abordagem qualitativa direcionada a médico com experiência na área obstétrica, em uma maternidade pública da cidade de Goiânia, referência para parto humanizado. Utilizou entrevista aberta em profundidade para coleta de dados com posterior análise fenomenológica. Resultados: foram entrevistados 14 médicos obstetras. Estes, em sua maioria, relatam que o parto domiciliar não possui força cultural e profissional para ser realizado. Apresentaram diversos pontos negativos, como falta de estrutura e tecnologia apropriada, falta de preparo da equipe médica e considerou este método ultrapassado, tendo em vista o avanço da medicina. Conclusão: os resultados evidenciaram que o despreparo médico vem se arrastando por décadas quando o assunto é parto humanizado, tudo devido à institucionalização do parto e a posse do parto como ato médico e não mais da mulher.
Kinetic removal of Cr6+ by carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized nano zerovalent iron particles
Authors: Ayob Afizah , Alias Salina , Dahalan Farrah Aini , Santiagoo Ragunathan , Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi , Teng Tjoon Tow
Published: July 2016

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used in the chemical reduction method for producing dispersible nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles served as reactive, mobile and convenient adsorbent. CMC-stablized nZVI particles at CMC:Fe2+ = 0.0034 molar ratio were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy assisted with probe ultrasonication dispersing tool. FTIR depicted that the CMC monomers were adsorbed onto nZVI particles primarily through carbonyl head groups via monodentate bonding. The botryoidally clusters were the predominant morphology of CMC-stablized nZVI particles under SEM observation. Those spherical particles were evenly dispersed at sizes less than 100 nm under TEM analysis. nZVI particles stabilization with CMC (at CMC:Fe2+ molar ratio of 0.0050) prevented the aggregation and resulted in high catalytic reactivity observed at pseudo-first order constant value, K1 of 0.0196 min-1 for Cr6+ removal in contaminated aqueous. This study demonstrates that CMC-stablized nZVI particles has the potential to become an effective agent for in-situ subsurface environment remediation.
Kinetic studies of manganese removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on natural zeolite
Authors: Zendelska Afrodita , Golomeova Mirjana , Blažev Krsto , Boev Blažo , Krstev Boris , Golomeov Blagoj , Krstev Aleksandar
Published: July 2016

         The kinetics of manganese adsorption onto natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) were studied with respect to initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent mass. In order to select the main rate-determining step in the overall uptake mechanism, a series of experiments were performed under batch conditions from single ion solutions. Data obtained from the kinetic experiments are interpreted in terms of Pseudo-second order kinetic model, Weber and Morris model and model proposed by Furusawa and Smith.

          The adsorption kinetics is reasonably fast. It means that in the first 20 min approximately 75% of Mn2+ is adsorbed from solutions. From the kinetic data can be concluded that adsorption of manganese ions from solution by natural zeolite is more efficiency at higher adsorbent mass and at lower manganese concentration in solution. Amount of Mn adsorbed on zeolite increase at higher manganese concentration in solution.

            From the kinetic models, can be concluded that intraparticular diffusion is more likely to be the rate determining step, but at higher concentrations of Mn ions in solution, film diffusion may be take a part in a rate determining step.
Essential oil composition of indigenous populations of Hypericum perforatum L. from southern Albania
Authors: Bardhi Nikoll , Stefkov Gjoše , Karapandzova Marija , Cvetkovikj Ivana , Kulevanova Svetlana
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) isolated from over-ground parts of different populations of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) (HP) from southern Albania. The EO yield of 11 specimens of indigenous populations of HP ranged from 2.50 ml/kg to 11.00 ml/kg. GC/FID/MS analyses of the EOs revealed a total of 126 identified compounds representing 77.35–88.29% of the oils. Based on the prevalence of principal components, two types of EO were distinguished: pinene-type, which included seven populations with EO rich in α-pinene, and caryophyllene-type, which included four populations with EO rich in trans-(E)-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide. The information obtained can help to assess the potential of the studied Albanian populations for further sustainable wild exploitation to take it into a consideration as a resource of valuable genetic material or for further cultivation and breeding.

aim of this study was to investigate the yield and the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) isolated from over ground parts of different populations of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) (HP) from southern Albania. The EO yield of 11 specimens of indigenous populations of HP ranged from 2.50 ml/kg to 11.00 ml/kg. GC/FID/MS analyses of the EOs reviled a total of 126 identified compounds representing 77.35-88.29 % of the oils. Based on prevalence of the principal components two types of EO were distinguished:  pinene type that include 8 populations with EO reach in α-pinene and caryophyllene type that include 3 populations with EO rich in trans-(E)-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide. Obtained information can help to assess the potential of studied Albanian populations for further sustainable wild exploitation as well as can be taken into a consideration as a resource of valuable genetic material for further cultivation and breeding.
Development of chromatographic methods for thebaine detection and quantification along with some of related alkaloid derivatives
Authors: Spasevska Marija , Bogdanov Jane B , Babunovska Hristina
Published: July 2016

Thebaine is naturally occurring alkaloid  which is of great importance in the pharmaceutical industry and  up to now there is not a Pharmacopoeial monograph for this compound.  There is a definite need for development of  simple procedures for routine quality assessment  based on physical and spectroscopic properties (melting point, UV-Vis, IR, specific optical rotation) and even more importantly a need for development of chromatographic methods for determination of  purity.The main objective of this work was to develop RP-HPLC-UVD method for quantification of thebaine and also to develop complementary GC-MS method for qualitative analysis. The developed HPLC method utilized RP-C18 monolithic column, gradient elution with trifluoroacetic acid and formic acid in water and in acetonitrile and detection at 285nm. The effects of the relevant chromatographic conditions was investigated and the optimized and validated method was usеd for analysis of  three batches of thebaine.  

A procedure that contained different methods for determination and identification of thebaine, was performed with main focus on the HPLC method suitable for quantitative and qualitative determination.  In parallel, to complete the purity profile,  the three batches of thebaine were analyzed by IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and specific optical rotation and melting point determination.  The analysis of thebaine can be performed in few steps by simple and reproducible methods like IR spectroscopy, specific optical rotation, melting point and the developed HPLC method, later proved by its validation. The developed HPLC-UV method is suitable for transfer to HPLC-MS method. The GC-MS method is quite suited for identification of thebaine  and of the impurities, but is limited to free bases. Additionally, pseduomorphine  and N-oxide derivatives of the related alkaloids are not suitable for GC-MS analysis.
Synthesis of novel 2-amino-5-arylazothiazol derivatives and their biological impacts: Assessment of toxicity and antioxidant enzymes activities
Authors: Khalifa Mohamed Ezzat , Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Halim , Alshehri Noura Homoud
Published: July 2016

The reactivity study of both the amino group and the aryl substituent of the newly synthesized 2-amino-5-(4-acetylphenylazo)-thiazole compound and its derivatives via various electrophilic reagents were performed to obtain the expected new bioactive chalcone, imine and pyrazole- thiazolidine derivatives. The synthesized compounds were chemically elucidated by analytical and spectral methods, and biologically evaluated upon screening in vitro and in vivo for their toxicity and antioxidant activity based on liver function enzymes.
Determination of protonation constants and structural correlations for some tertiary formamides and acetamides in sulfuric acid with UV spectroscopy
Authors: Stojković Goran , Dimitrieska-Stojković Elizabeta , Popovski Emil
Published: July 2016

The protonation of ten aliphatic amides in sulfuric acid media was studied by UV spectroscopy. The pKBH+ values and solvation parameters were calculated using Yates and McClelland Method, Excess Acidity Method and Bunnett and Olsen Method. pKBH+ values were –1.44, –1.15, –0.80, –0.32, –1.13 and –0.80 for formamide, dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, diisopropylformamide, diisobutyl­form­amide and dibutylformamide, respectively. According to the pKBH+ values obtained for acetamide, dimethylacetamide, diethylacetamide and diisopropylacetamide (–0.57, –0.29, –0.32 and 0.36, respectively), analogous acetamides were more basic than formamides. Applying the Hammett’s equation, satisfactory correlation could be gained only for some formamides, the basicities of which increased linearly with the inductive effect of the electron donating groups. From Taft’s approach, it can be concluded that the polar effect slightly dominates over the steric one. Excellent correlation between pKBH+ and solvation parameters m* was achieved for formamide, dimethylformamide and diethylformamide. At half- and full-protonation, better correlation was obtained for formamides than for acetamides.
Deficiência de vitamina B12 em pacientes de uma enfermaria de clínica médica em Fortaleza/CE
doi: 10.20513/2447-6595.2016v56n1p18-23
Authors: Cassimiro Jéssica Maria Moura , Aguiar Gabriella Pequeno Costa Gomes de , Oliveira Otilio José Nicolau de , Barreto Junior Claudio Abreu
Published: July 2016

Foi realizado um estudo transversal que contou com 116 participantes que estiveram internados na enfermaria de Clínica Médica do Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF) nos seis primeiros meses do ano de 2015. O objetivo foi descrever a prevalência da deficiência de vitamina B12 e descrever as características clínicas em pacientes internados nessa unidade. A prevalência de deficiência de cobalamina foi de 18%. Encontramos que 40% dos pacientes apresentaram afecção neurológica não explicada por causas vasculares, 20% anemia macrocítica, 20% alcoolismo, 20% uso de inibidor de bomba de prótons, 10% uso de metformina, 10% dieta estritamente vegetariana, 10% diagnóstico de infecção por HIV, 10% diagnóstico prévio de gastrite atrófica e 10% diagnóstico prévio de hipotireoidismo. Em nenhum caso supracitado encontrou-se significância estatística (p < 0,05).
Classe C e o Fenômeno Social TV no Brasil
Authors: Cruz Breno De Paula Andrade
Published: July 2016

Por meio de um estudo de caso qualitativo este artigo apresenta as mudanças estratégicas da Rede Globo entre 2011 e 2013 a partir da análise da (i) Classe C e (ii) do fenômeno Social TV. Em relação ao percurso metodológico adotado, trabalhou-se com a Netnografia na coleta de dados. Na categorização dos dados, três formatos de programas evidenciam as mudanças na programação da emissora, quais sejam: (i) novelas, (ii) programas e realities shows e (iii) humorísticos e mini-séries. Estas dimensões corroboram o entendimento da mudança de foco para se aproximar dos telespectadores e a importância do fenômeno Social TV.
A Study to Assess and Compare the Effectiveness of Moist Heat Versus Ice Packs Application in Reducing the Signs and Symptoms of Intravenous Cannulation Induced Thrombophlebitis Among Patients Admitted in Civil Hospital of Dausa District, Rajasthan
Authors: Gauttam Vijay Kumar , Vati Dr. Jogindra
Published: July 2016

Peripheral Intravenous (I.V.) cannulation is an invasive procedure which predisposes the patient to an increased risk of local and systemic infection from micro-organisms introduced either at the time of insertion or when in situ. Peripheral I.V. cannulae related infections are associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization and increased costs. Therefore, a study to assess and compare the effectiveness of moist heat versus ice packs application in reducing the signs and symptoms of intravenous cannulation induced thrombophlebitis among patients. A pre experimental research approach using one group pre-test post-test repeated measure design was used to assess and compare the effectiveness of moist heat versus ice packs application in reducing the signs and symptoms of intravenous cannulation induced thrombophlebitis. The study was conducted in medical and surgical wards of the Civil Hospital, Dausa district and a sample of 60 (30 patients in each group) was selected using purposive sampling technique. Treatment with moist heat and ice packs application for 20 minutes every two hourly were given to both the group. Modified visual infusion phlebitis was used to assess the prevalence of sign and symptoms of I.V. cannulation thrombophlebitis and Numerical Rating Scale was used for pain assessment. The obtained data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequencies, percentages and chi square association. The moist heat and ice packs were equally effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of I.V. cannulation induced thrombophlebitis i.e. pain, Erythema, induration and warmth. The moist heat was sustained, but ice packs had immediate effects in reducing the signs and symptoms of I.V. cannulation induced thrombophlebitis. There were no association between the level of pain, Erythema, induration and warmth with selected personal variables.  
Inappropriateness in Iraqi EFL Learners’ E-mail Requests to Professor
Authors: Abboodi Ali Shurooq , Pandian Ambigapathy
Published: July 2016

This study investigates the use of the speech act of request by Iraqi EFL (English as a foreign language) learners in student-professor e-mail communication. It aims to examine request strategies and internal modifications in academic requests in e-mail. There has been little investigation of the issue of an academic request made by Arab EFL learners to a higher status person via an authentic data. Thus, this study intends to provide more investigation of the strategies and internal modifiers that are produced by Iraqi EFL learners when they interact with their professors via e-mail. However, this study adapts the CCSARP (cross-cultural speech act realization project) originally suggested by [12] and modified by [8] in terms of strategies and internal modifications. Findings uncover that Iraqi EFL learners have a pragmatic problem when they issue their requests to a higher authority by e-mail. They mainly produce direct requests to higher status individuals. Such types of request require conventional indirectness to be appropriate pragmatically. These learners have limited pragmatic knowledge of conventional indirectness when they produce their requests to their professors. Moreover, Iraqi EFL learners are influenced by their L1 (first language) as they resort to direct sub-strategies that are customary forms in their Iraqi Arabic. This research unveils that Iraqi EFL learners have pragmalinguistic knowledge in syntactic downgraders and a pragmalinguistic deficiency in lexical devices due to the structurally oriented approach used to teach these learners. 
Palatability and Sensory Perception of Soursop (Annona Muricata) Tart Filling With Jute (Corchorus Olitorious) Leaves
Authors: C. Eusala Delia , P. Pendon Guiller
Published: July 2016

Seeing on the light that millions of the world’s population were at risk of important nutrients, thus, this experimental study was made to consider the important nutrients through food fortification of soursop as tart filling and being enriched with jute leaves. There were three (3) treatments done in this study and these were (5g, 10g and 15 g of jute leaves) on soursop tart filling. Respondents of the study who served as evaluators were the 60 BSHRST students who were randomly selected and 12 core teachers teaching in the School of Hotel and Restaurant Services Technology. The product was evaluated in terms of appearance, aroma, taste, texture and general acceptability. Utilizing the above criteria the result between students and teachers seems to vary. It vividly proved that students preferred treatment B (10g) while teachers preferred treatment A (5g). Based on the findings, the conclusions and recommendations have been drawn to address the research gaps in the study.
A Study on Customer’s opinion with regard to Online Shopping
Authors: K. A Pavan. , Nirmaladevi Dr. N.
Published: July 2016

After the shopping mall revolution the next big wave is online shopping and it has been started in a big way.  One of the world’s largest online shopping companies has entered and giving a tough competition for home grown players. Educated young people welcomed the online shopping format with two hands. The objective of the study is to understand the purchasing pattern, opinion regarding the service quality, ease of use, security and payment process etc., Online customers are booming day by day and creating rush in online sites. Supply chain and delivery services became more vibrant to establish on time delivery. These changes initiate changes in the customer choices and behavior and that of their purchasing pattern. This paper highlights the customer choices and opinion with regard to online shopping. The results of the study may seed to a deep study about online shopping behavior of the customers.
The Effects of SiC Particle Addition as Reinforcement in the weld Zone during Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloy AZ31B
Authors: Pasha Md. Aleem , Reddy Dr. P. Ravinder , Laxminarayana Dr. P. , Ahmad Khan Dr. Ishtiaq
Published: July 2016

Welding of magnesium alloys influence a great effect on magnesium application expansion, especially in marine and aerospace where large-size, complex components are required. Due to specific physical properties of magnesium, its welding requires great control. In general, the solid-state nature of friction stir welding (FSW) process has been found to produce a low concentration of defects. Mechanical properties of  friction stir welded joints are decreases than base material, so to enhance the mechanical properties of welded portion, In the present research additional SiC particulates were incorporated in the weld interface of friction stir welding of Magnesium alloy AZ31B. Silicon Carbide has been added as reinforcement by creating separate geometry, at the edges where the welding is interface with 4 different volume proportions such as 10%, 15%, 25% and 30%. Tool Steel of H13 grade has been used as friction stir welding tool. Rotational Speed of 1400 RPM and Transverse Speed of 25 mm/min were selected. Joined Mg Alloy AZ31B alloy plates were evaluated for their mechanical properties under two different conditions, i.e in the un-reinforced welded condition and reinforced welded conditions. The results of the study revealed that the mechanical properties of the SiC particulates added Mg alloy AZ31B welded joints are superior in all four proportions of SiC, compared to un-reinforced Mg alloy AZ31B welded joints. Microstructural examination of the welded joints was conducted using Optical microscope and revealed that distribution of SiC particles producing increased weld strength. The comparison of the microstructures and mechanical properties of unreinforced Friction stir welded AZ31 with those of SiC reinforced FS-welded joints showed that the addition of SiC particles decreased the grain size and increased the strength.
From out of the drill. Margini di comunicativizzazione del drill
Authors: Torresan Paolo
Published: July 2016

I drill rappresentano dei golden oldies: al pari della traduzione e del dettato, sono attività ‘sempreverdi’, soggette a continui rinnovamenti, anche quando pare ne sia giunto il tramonto. Con questo saggio intendiamo chiudere, di fatto, una trilogia, avendo già dedicato spazio a come fornire una cornice comunicativa alle altre due classi di attività: dettato e traduzione, appunto (Torresan, 2011a; Torresan, 2012). Anche i drill offrono ampi margini di comunicativizzazione. È possibile impostare drill come esercitazioni che prevedono uno spazio, nel loro stesso svolgersi, per la comunicazione. Essi possono, peraltro, costituire la base di percorsi in cui l’attenzione sulle forme si avvicenda con leggerezza, ma al tempo stesso con confini netti, a quella sui significati.
Aprendizaje de contenidos a través del Español como Segunda Lengua en la Educación Superior: un puente entre la lengua y el conocimiento
Authors: Pastor Cesteros Susanna
Published: July 2016

In Spanish universities there are increasingly more students who attend content courses taught in Spanish without this being their first language and who therefore simultaneously learn the language in which the course is taught as much as the content of the course, without any specific language instruction. In this article, we address this problematic situation of Spanish as a Second Language in Higher Education through the lens of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). First, we review the theoretical foundations of CLIL teaching methods and Academic Spanish teaching and learning, offering a state of the matter. Second, we show the work being done in this area by the Research Group in Acquisition and Instruction of Second and Foreign Languages at the University of Alicante (ACQUA). The conclusions constitute the third and final part, in which we summarize the results of the work done and propose future directions of research
Neurobiological Findings in Youth with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Brunner Romuald , Henze Romy , Richter Julia , Kaess Michael
Published: July 2016

This review summarizes recent neurobiological research into youth with borderline personality disorder (BPD) to better delineate the biological factors involved in the development of this disorder. Psychobiological studies when BPD first becomes manifest are of particular interest, because there are fewer confounding factors (e.g., duration of illness, drug abuse, medication, other therapeutic interventions) at this time. This article focuses on recent findings in the field of neuroimaging, neuropsychology, neuroendocrinology, genetics, and pain perception, and it aims to integrate these findings in a developmental psychopathology model of BPD. In studies of clinical samples of adults with BPD, structural imaging studies revealed abnormalities predominantly in the frontolimbic areas. Disturbances in emotional information processing—particularly involving negative stimuli—may mediate affective dysregulation as a core feature of BPD. Genetic studies could reveal that the stability of BPD traits in youth is largely influenced by a combination of genetic and non-shared environmental factors. Hyporesponsiveness to a laboratory stressor indicates an enduring alteration of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Findings of a higher pain threshold indicate that pain processing is already disturbed during the early stages of BPD, which could contribute to the initiation or maintenance of self-injurious behavior. All biological factors, together with environmental risk factors, may contribute to the core symptoms of BPD: severe emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Further research should investigate the development of BPD in youth by using longitudinal designs to determine whether the neurobiological factors are a cause, an effect, or an epiphenomenon of BPD.
Personality Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence comes of Age: a Review of the Current Evidence and Prospects for Future Research
Authors: Kongerslev Mickey T. , Chanen Andrew M. , Simonsen Erik
Published: July 2016

In this article, the authors provide a narrative review of the mounting evidence base on personality disorder in childhood and adolescence. Topics covered include diagnostic validity, prevalence, developmental issues, comorbidity, risk and protective factors, and treatment. Novel indicated prevention and early intervention programs for borderline personality disorder in adolescence are given special priority. To conclude, directions for future research are provided.
Psychometric Qualities of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology – Short Form for Adolescents
Authors: Tromp Noor B. , Koot Hans M.
Published: July 2016

Background:

A growing body of research recognizes the occurrence and validity of personality pathology during adolescence as well as its relevance as a developmental precursor of adult personality pathology.

Objective:

The present study recognizes the need for a comprehensive and concise instrument to assess the dimensions of personality pathology in adolescents. Therefore, the psychometric qualities of an abbreviated version of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology - Basic Questionnaire for Adolescents (DAPP-BQ-A), which has been denoted as the DAPP - Short Form for Adolescents (DAPP-SF-A), were examined.

Method:

The factorial structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminative validity, and classification accuracy of the DAPP-SF-A scales were examined in three samples: 1596 non-referred adolescents; 166 adolescents referred to inpatient and outpatient mental health services; and 58 referred and general population adolescents.

Results:

Despite a reduction in the number of items by 50% (from 290 to 144 items), the promising psychometric qualities established for the DAPP-BQ-A were replicated for the DAPP-SF-A.

Conclusions:

The results of this study are promising regarding the qualities of the DAPP-SF-A and its utility in both clinical and research settings. In addition, the equivalence of the instruments for adolescents and (young) adults enables the investigation of developmental trajectories across different life stages.
The Island in Conceição Lima’s Poetry
Authors: Castaño Joana
Published: July 2016

In this article, I discuss the poetry of the San Tomean poet Conceição Lima. In particular, I focus on her treatment of the island as both an abtract form and an empirical reality. I offer readings of a broad cross-section of Lima’s work, and I argue that for her the island ultimately comes to represent home.
The Urban Space of Mafalala: Origin, Evolution, and Characterization
Authors: Gonçalves Nuno Simão
Published: July 2016

In this article, I consider the origin and urban evolution of Mafalala. Mafalala’s interaction with the colonial city generated synapses that fostered the creation of unique cultural environments from which emerged notable personalities of national artistic, sports and political importance. The material and immaterial heritage condensed in Mafalala is immense and encapsulates a considerable part of the history of Mozambique.