bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY IN COPPER PRODUCTION WORKERS EXPOSED TO HEAVY METALS
Authors: Budkar L. N. , Gurvich V. B. , Karpova Elena A. , Kudrina K. S. , Obukhova T. Yu. , Solodushkin S. I. , Shmonina O. G. , Mordvinova O. A. , Fedoruk A. A. , Shteen T. N.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The role of occupational hazards in the CVD prevalence remains to be clarified. Material and methods. Here we report the results of the study of risk factors and CVD prevalence in 590 workers at the largest copper production plants in the Sverdlovsk region, exposed to heavy metals in the workplace. The workers` health information was obtained during a regular medical examination in 2018. The lead concentration increase to 1.3-1.8 occupational exposure limits was registered in the working areas of the concentrating mill (for bunkerman) and copper smelting workshops (transporter, smelter, converter, non-ferrous metal spreader, repairman, electrician). Results. We studied the exposure indices (Pb level in blood), the response markers (reticulocyte count, erythrocytes basophilic stippling, coproporphyrin, and aminolevulinic acid in the urine), and their correlation to a working tenure. Based on this analysis, we attributed CVD risk factors and cardiovascular diseases to the occupation, in order to potentially modify some of those risk factors and ultimately inform the risk management. Hypertension occurred in 57% of the examined workers, which is higher than in the general population. We calculated relative risk, confidence intervals and attributable fraction. We developed a predictive mathematical model (stepwise logistic regression) to predict high-stage hypertension and identified the risk factors associated with its development. Conclusions. Correlation analysis revealed direct correlations between stages 2 and 3 hypertension and a working tenure over 20 years. We think it’s reasonable to consider the documented CVDs as related to the toxic effects of heavy metals (lead and cadmium).
THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON STATE OF ARTERIAL VESSELS IN COPPER INDUSTRY WORKERS
Authors: Konevskikh Liliya A. , Ladokhina T. T. , Konstantinova E. D. , Astakhova S. G.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in working-age population, including mortality occurring through occupational fatalities. The core principle in fighting CVDs is having special consideration for individuals with a high risk of its development. In order to identify those individuals, the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) system is advised. The realizations (i.e. the effects of exposure) with respect to the same risk factors may vary across individuals. Therefore, it is of urging importance to conduct an assessment of the integral cardiovascular risk estimates that are informative of coming-to-an-effect long-term exposures to adverse factors and helpful in identifying changes at early reversible stages of CVD. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study included 108 male workers aged 27-63 years, without apparent health disorders who been working in unsafe conditions over from 4 to 40 years, employed as occupational staff (converter furnace operators, charge workers, burners, smelters) in copper production enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region. Clinical examination and laboratory tests were conducted at the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center in 2017-2018. The evaluated indices included: total cholesterol (TC), glucose, Pb and Cu level in blood. A 3D-sphygmography with CAVI assessment and aa. carotides ultrasound with intima-media thickness (IMT) assessment were performed. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) was evaluated according to the SCORE assessment. Results. The following CVR factors were identified: smoking (72.2%), obesity of various classes (33.3%), TC > 4.9 mmol/l (57.9%), high fasting glucose (73.9%) and arterial hypertension stages 1-2 (40.7%). An arterial vessel stiffness increase by CAVI (>8.0) was found in 28.7% of subjects. Associations were found between CAVI index and (i) total CVR level as evaluated by SCORE (p=0.00105), (ii) blood Cu level (r=0.33). Therefore, further research is needed.
GAS COMPOSITION OF ALVEOLAR AIR AND TOLERABILITY OF PERSONAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
Authors: Byalovsky Yury Yu. , Kiryushin V. A. , Prokhorov N. I. , Rakitina I. S. , Chudinin N. V.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. When using personal protective equipment for respiratory organs of an insulating type in case of depletion of a regenerative cartridge, hypoxic-hypercapnic changes in the gas composition of the body occur, which have a negative effect on the tolerance of personal protective equipment for respiratory organs. The combination of additional respiratory resistance with hypoxia and hypercapnia further worsens the tolerance of respiratory protective equipment. The purpose of this study was to study the tolerance of personal respiratory protection when changing the gas composition of the alveolar air. Material and methods. The study was conducted on healthy subjects of both sexes (78 people), aged 20 to 36 years. To simulate the conditions for the use of personal respiratory protective equipment, inspiratory resistive respiratory loads of 20% of the maximum intraoral pressure were used during the Mueller test. The tolerance of respiratory protective equipment was evaluated using the Borg visual analog scale of dyspnea, which reflected the level of subjective discomfort occurring due to additional respiratory resistance is turned on. The methodology for changing the gas composition of the alveolar air in the subjects consisted of using a system that allowed adding oxygen from the line to the closed spirograph circuit and turning the carbon dioxide adsorber on and off. Results. The tolerance of personal respiratory protection is associated with the nature of the gas composition of the alveolar air. A minimum of subjective discomfort was observed in the presence of hyperoxic-hypocapnic composition of the pulmonary air; on the contrary, an increase in subjective discomfort on the Borg scale was observed with a reduced oxygen content and an increased concentration of carbon dioxide. The use of personal respiratory protective equipment against the background of hypoxia-hypercapnia negatively changes the functional state of the body: there was observed an increase in physiological expenditures by leading effectors. Normalization of the gas composition of the body under the use of personal respiratory protection did not lead to complete optimization of the functional state of the subjects. Conclusion. Hypoxia and hypercapnia arising from the depletion of regenerative cartridges of the respiratory protective equipment of an insulating type leads to a significant deterioration in the tolerance to additional respiratory resistance. The alleged mechanism of this phenomenon should be considered as an increase in fatigue of the respiratory muscles.
Estimaciónde los Parámetros de Secuencia de un Transformador Trifásico utilizando Métodos de Optimización no Lineal
Authors: Cuasapaz Óscar , Ramírez Juan , Avilés Fausto , Granda Nelson , Quilumba Franklin
Published: March 2020

En este documento se presenta la estimación de los parámetros de secuencia: positiva, negativa y cero, de un transformador trifásico de 50 kVA, 6300 -231/133V, a partir de mediciones de eventos de fallas monofásicas a tierra y bifásicas a tierra; con ajustes de curvas simuladas y medidas utilizando métodos de optimización no lineal mediante MATLAB-Simulink. En primer lugar, se realizan pruebas en un transformador trifásico didáctico utilizando las normas internacionales para determinar los parámetros de secuencia en el laboratorio. Estos valores se constituyen en los valores iniciales a ser usados en la etapa de estimación. Posteriormente, se realizaron eventos de cortocircuitos en donde se registraron datos de corriente con la ayuda de un osciloscopio. Los datos que resultan de la medición son comparados con la parte simulada, generando dos curvas que se sobreponen y tienen ciertas diferencias entre sí. Con el objetivo de ajustar estas curvas simuladas con respecto a las medidas, se utilizó la herramienta “Parameter Estimation” de MATLAB-Simulink, la cual varía los parámetros del modelo hasta obtener la menor diferencia entre los valores simulados versus los medidos. Una vez probado el método se trabajó en el transformador de 50 kVA para obtener sus parámetros de secuencia generando eventos de fallas alimentando el lado de alto voltaje a 500 V debido a las condiciones físicas del laboratorio.
Aplicación de la Norma ISO 9001:2015 en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). Caso de estudio, Instituto Superior Tecnológico ISMAC
Authors: Toapanta-Cisneros Keyerman , Calvache-Sánchez Javier
Published: March 2020

La Norma de Calidad ISO 9001:2015 supone un conjunto de estándares orientado principalmente a la optimización de los recursos y un adecuado manejo de la gestión empresarial en forma general, muchas empresas en Ecuador sobre todo dedicadas a la manufactura la aplican como parte de su política interna de calidad, ya que no es obligatoria, sin embargo las empresas de servicios también la aplican para obtener una mejora en la percepción del servicio al cliente, lo que se conjuga en una ventaja competitiva de las instituciones que la aplican. Este estudio se centra en demostrar el nivel de conocimiento de las personas de nivel directivo y administrativo de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) y sobre todo el estudio de caso del Instituto Tecnológico de Administración, Comercio y Mercadeo ISMAC, con los beneficios obtenidos por su acreditación en primera instancia de la Norma ISO 9001:2008 y su posterior transición a la Norma ISO 9001:2015, lo que supone un trabajo en conjunto de todo el personal. Además, se ha corroborado a través de la investigación de campo, que existe un desconocimiento sobre la Norma ISO como tal y de la misma forma las ventajas o beneficios que trae a la gestión. Se estableció de la misma forma que muy pocas IES han aplicado esta norma por desconocimiento, incluso por una falta de cultura de Calidad generalizada en el país, por lo tanto, para ayudar a conocer las ventajas de una implementación de un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad se pretende socializar la experiencia adquirida por el ISMAC, como parte del estudio.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHARE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS PADA MATERI GARIS DAN SUDUT
Authors: A Lili Suryani , Hamid Ikram , Afandi Ahmad
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) pada materi garis dan sudut siswa kelas VII MTs Negeri Dowora Kota Tidore Kepulauan semester genap tahun pelajaran 2015/2016.Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis eksperimen. Dengan desain penelitian yaitu desain eksperimen pre-eksperimental design jenis one- shot case study.Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Dowora Kota Tidore Kepulauan dengan jumlah populasi 43 siswa. Adapun yang dijadikan sebagai sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu kelas VII A sebanyak 22 siswa yang akan diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS). Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS), data dianalisis dengan analisis inferensial yaitu menggunakan uji one sample t-test dengan bantuan SPSS 20. Dengan kriteria pengujian jika nilai signifikasi lebihdari 0,05 maka H0 diterima ditolak dan jika nilai signifikasi kurang dari 0,05 maka H0 ditolak diterima. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pada kelas eksperimen TPS pada variabel kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa dengan Df = 23 diperoleh nilai signifikansi = 0,035. Nilai signifikansi pada variabel kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai yang kurang dari tingkat alpha 0,05 dimana hal inimenunjukkan bahwa ditolak dan diterima. Oleh karena diterima maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan model TPS dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa.   Kata kunci: Think Pair Share(TPS), kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Komunikasi Statistis Siswa pada Pokok Bahasan Ukuran Letak Data melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Berbantuan Informasi Komunikasi dan Teknologi (ICT)
Authors: Yoisangaji Selfira , Nani Karman La , Abdullah In Hi
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1). mengetahui kemampuan Komunikasi statistis siswa setelah diterapakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek  berbantuan ICT; 2). bagaimana peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek  berbantuan ICT; 3). Penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek berbantuan ICT dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa SMPN 1 Sulabesi Timur pada pokok pembahasan ukuran letak data. Penerapan penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan desain one group pretest-posttest, dan menjadikan seluruh siswa kelas VIII-B SMP N I Sulabesi Timur Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020 sebagai sampel penelitian Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 22 siswa. Memperoleh data penelitian ini menggunakan instrument tes untuk mengukur kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa berbentuk Essay. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa setelah digunakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek berbantuan ICT pada pokok pembahasan ukuran letak data  3 siswa dengan persentasi 15% sangat tinggi, 9 siswa persentasi 30% kualifikasi tinggi sebanyak 4 siswa dengan persentasi 25%, kualifikasi sedang, sebanyak 3 siswa dengan persentasi 25% kualifikasi rendah dan kualifikasi sebanyak 3 siswa dengan persentasi 15% kualifikasi sangat rendah, Berdasarkan hasil kualifikasi dan persentasi siswa secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajran berbasis proyek berbantuan ICT dapat meningkatan kemampuan komunikasi  statistis siswa dalam mempelajari materi statistika tentang ukuran letak data. Artinya, penerapan pembelajaran berbasis proyek berbantuan ICT dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa. dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa mencapai 0,74 dalam kualifikasi tinggi.Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajran Berbasis Proyek Berbantuan ICT, Kemampuan Komunikasi Statistis Siswa
Il nuovo GCND
Authors: Lombardi Marco
Published: March 2020

..
Institutionalization of the historical policy of the Republic of Poland at the end of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: KHAKHULA Liubomyr
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the main institutional forms of the historical policy of the Republic of Poland at the end of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century through the activities of such state-owned actors as the Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Sites, public guardians of monuments, historical museums, and public organizations. Historical policy is the activity of the political elite, which is aimed at forming the character of collective memory through the instrumentalization of historical knowledge. The main institutional actors of this policy are state administration bodies, specially created institutions (eg, institutions of national memory), state and public museums, public organizations. The historical policy of Poland during the period of transformation began to obtaim institutional forms at the end of the XXth century with the establishment of the Institute of National Remembrance. In 2004, with the support of the President of Warsaw Lech Kaczynski, the Museum of the Warsaw Uprising was opened, which initiated the period of a «new historical policy» – the appeal of the conservative elite of Poland to the praise pages of history, the emphasis on the suffering of the Polish people and the injustices committed by its neighbors. At the same time there was an different interpretation of the historical policy represented by liberal political figures, in particular from the surroundings of the party «Civic Platform». The conflict over the institutional ways of implementing historical politics manifested itself in discussions about the form and content of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk.

Keywords
historical policy, Republic of Poland, institution, historical museums, places of memory.
Historiography and source base of the forestry of Galicia before the Soviet period
Authors: KLAPCHUK Volodymyr , KLAPCHUK Mukhajlo
Published: March 2020

In the article is given information about published and unpublished materials of Polish and Ukrainian scientists on the study of issues related to forestry, forest industries, logging, transport communications, timber rafting and crafts of Galicia during the XIX – the first third of the XX century. The historiography on the problems of the forest complex can be divided into several research periods: publications of the late XIX - early XX centuries; the interwar period of XX century; the Soviet era; works of of independent Ukraine researchers. From the Polish researchers should pointed on the works of S. Ignatovich, S. Gubitsky, J. Topfer.

In the Soviet period and the times of Ukraine's independence, the attention of G. Kovalchak, V. Grabovetsky, M. Glushko, R. Fedyna, I. Zhaloba, R. Yurkevich, and others were pointed in the study of individual components of the forestry.

The source database covers funds and historical documents. The main documents from the discovered period are stored in the funds of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv: «Halych governorate», «Halych directorate of forests and state estates», «Regional land and tax commission», where materials for 1772–1921 were collected. The investigated problem can be found in the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional State Archives, in the funds: «Stanislavian Provincial Administration», «Stanislavian Labor Inspectorate 45 district».

Much of the material is contained in numerous statistical yearbooks («Handbuch des Statthalerei-Gebietes in Galizien», «Podręcznik statystyki Galicyi», «Rocznik statystyki Galicyi», «Rocznik statystyki przemyslu i handlu krajowego», «Sprawozdanie z działalności administracji lasów państwowych i władz ochrony lasów», «Statystyka Polski», «Wiadomości statystyczne Glównego Urzędu Statystycznego»).

Keywords
forestry, forest industry, crafts, transport, logging, timber rafting.
«Do you require our responsibility to gentry times?». Ukrainian intellectuals’ of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century opinions about the role of the heritage of the polish-lithuanian commonwealth in the creation of modern ukrainian nation
Authors: ARKUSHA Olena
Published: March 2020

European historiography changed considerably during the nineteenth century. Formation of historical source study as a separate science, on the one hand, and awareness of the connection between the historical narrative of the past with political interests, on the other hand, gave impetus to the writing of historical works on national history, the so-called grand narratives. They relied on historical sources, but chose what served the actual political interests, and ignored or interpreted otherwise what they did not fit. The territorial organization of living space has become a priority task of national development in the nineteenth century, and the recognition of land, borders, and people as own should have been historically grounded. The difficulty for Ukrainians was that the traces of Ukrainian-Russ statehood were lost in ancient times, while the neighbors, primarily Russians and Poles, tried to draw both the territory and the past of Ukraine into their own concepts of the creation of modern nation. The creation of the Ukrainian grand narrative was influenced by external factors: the division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the collapse of its once unified political, cultural and intellectual space, and the policy of the Russian authorities, aimed to separate «Little Rus’» from western civilization. Russian censorship successfully removed memory of Polish-Ukrainian ties from historical works and replaced it with the image of the invading Poles. The traumatic, post-war experience, idealization of images of Cossack soldiers was the favorable ground for this. As a result, in Ukrainian historical grand narrative the «Polish-Lithuanian» period was interpreted as an external occupation, a break in the «correct» history of Ukraine. The whole complex of everyday life, cultural and political influences of Ukrainians in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth remained beyond history. Its main content was recognized by the Polish-Ukrainian conflicts. The views on the legacy of the Commonwealth in the Ukrainian society of the nineteenth century can also be analyzed from the perspective of the intellectual biographies of their creators and take into account the experience of relations with the Poles, the private image and repression of the Russian government. An unbiased rethinking by professional historians of the past of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the point of view of the interactions of various cultural spaces in the nineteenth century was not a matter of time.

Keywords
Ukrainian-Polish relations in the nineteenth century, Ukrainian-Russian relations in the nineteenth century, Ukrainian historiography of the nineteenth century, intellectual biography, cultural and intellectual heritage of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Isolating stem cells from skin: designing a novel highly efficient non-enzymatic approach
Authors: Bellu E. , Garroni G. , Balzano F. , Satta R. , Montesu M.A. , Kralovic M. , Fedacko J. , Cruciani S. , Maioli M.
Published: March 2020

Stem cells are undifferentiated elements capable to acquire a specific cellular phenotype under the influence of specific stimuli, thus being involved in tissue integrity and maintenance. In the skin tissue self-renewal and wound healing after injury is a complex process, especially in adulthood, due to the aging process and the continuous exposure to damaging agents. The importance of stem cells in regenerative medicine is well known and defining or improving their isolation methods is therefore a primary and crucial step. In the present paper we present a novel method to isolate stem cells from human skin, including the involvement of a novel medium for the maintenance and expansion of in vitro cultures. The biopsies were mechanically digested and put in culture. The migrating cells were positive selected with magnetic cell sorting, characterized by flow-cytometry analysis, and viability detected by MTT assay. Cells exhibited a mesenchymal phenotype, as demonstrated by the positive acquirement of an osteogenic or adipogenic phenotype when cultured in specific conditioned media. Taken together our results disclose a novel method for culturing and expanding stem cells from skin and pave the way for future clinical applications in tissue regeneration.
Laboratory options for risk assessment of pregnancy pathologies
Authors: Kestlerová A. , Krofta L , Žufić A. , Hamplová Běhávková K. , Račko J. , Beneš J. , Feyereisl J.
Published: March 2020

The most effective method of screening for chromosomal abnormalities and evaluating the risk of pregnancy pathologies in the first trimester is combined screening. The algorithm of screening is based on the combination of maternal age, measuring of the nuchal translucency and the fetal heart rate and analysis of the placental products of free ß-hCG and PAPP-A. For the screening of preeclampsia, placental growth factor (PlGF) is added. To distinguish between preeclampsia and other pathologies caused by placental dysfunction it is recommended to also extend the screening with selected immunological markers. We concluded that elevated biochemical and immunological markers can help to predict the threat of preeclampsia in the third trimester. Some markers can probably predict the development of particularly severe pathological conditions.
Pineal gland calcification under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Kopáni M. , Vraníková B. , Kosnáč D. , Zeman M. , Šišovský V. , Polakovičová S. , Biró C.
Published: March 2020

The pineal gland (glandula pinealis) is neuroendocrine gland located at the epithalamus of the brain secreting melatonin. The aim of this study was to explore effects of prenatal hypoxia in rats at the age of 33 weeks on the occurrence of pineal gland calcification. Distribution and chemical composition of calcerous material by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy was investigated. Melatonin concentrations in blood plasma by direct radioimmunoassay were measured. Rats were exposed to prenatal hypoxia for 12 h at day 20 of development and second group to prenatal hypoxia for 2x8 h at days 19 and 20 of development. Vacuoles of intracellular edema in the pineal samples after 12 h hypoxia were found. Their size ranges up to 30 µm. Some of them were filled with the flocculent and fibrous material. Samples of pineal glands after 2 x 8 h hypoxia revealed the pericellular edema of pinealocytes. The amount of calcium rich particles in 2 x 8 h hypoxia group was lower than in 12 h hypoxia group. Plasma melatonin levels did not differ between control and both hypoxia groups. We concluded that calcification is a process induced by osteoblasts and osteocytes with melatonin as a promotor and it is favored under hypoxic conditions.
Elevated age-related cortical iron, ferritin and amyloid plaques in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Svobodová H. , Kosnáč D. , Balázsiová Z. , Tanila H. , Miettinen P.O. , Sierra A. , Vitovič P. , Wagner A. , Polák Š. , Kopáni M.
Published: March 2020

Iron is very important element for functioning of the brain. Its concentration changes with aging the brain or during disease. The aim of our work was the histological examination of content of ferritin and free iron (unbound) in brain cortex in association with Aβ plaques from their earliest stages of accumulation in amyloid plaque forming APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Light microscopy revealed the onset of plaques formation at 8-monthage. Detectable traces of free iron and no ferritin were found around plaques at this age, while the rate of their accumulation in and around Aβ plaques was elevated at 13 months of age. Ferritin accumulated mainly on the edge of Aβ plaques, while the smaller amount of free iron was observed in the plaque-free tissue, as well as in and around Aβ plaques. We conclude that free iron and ferritin accumulation follows the amyloid plaques formation. Quantification of cortical iron and ferritin content can be an important marker in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Indian Gowns and Banyans — New Evidence and Perspectives
Authors: North Susan
Published: March 2020

Online sources, new publications and the discovery of more surviving garments add further detail and evidence for the introduction to seventeenth-century England of a new style of night gown influenced by Japanese dress, and its development through the eighteenth century. Recent literature on global trade in the decorative arts highlights the banyan as one of its key examples. Viewing Indian gowns and banyans from this perspective gives them a new context, and the examination of garments and related documents allows a refinement of the principles of the global exchange of material culture. 1
Mademoiselle Angélique Caroline Milliet: Did She Invent the Steel Skeleton Petticoat?
Authors: List Dirk-Jan
Published: March 2020

In 1856 the Frenchwoman Angélique Caroline Milliet invented the first steel skeleton petticoat or cage. She received patents in France, Belgium and England and used her patents to sue competitors for infringement. In 1861 she sold her patents for a large sum to the American brothers and skirt manufacturers W. S. & C. H. Thomson. These brothers founded big crinoline factories in New York, London, Paris, Brussels and Annaberg. The mass-produced Thomson crinolines became famous all over the world. The Dutch Amsterdam Museum owns an original skeleton petticoat designed by A. C. Milliet. It is stamped and looks exactly like the illustrations of the French and English patents. This unique design has a built-in bustle and the circumference of the hoops can be altered according to the requirements of the wearer. American hoop-skirt manufacturers, like Thomson, managed to improve the Milliet design with their patented metal fasteners to secure the horizontal hoops to the vertical tapes. During the 1860s the Thomson cages, which were manufactured by the thousands every day, conquered the fashionable world.
An Impedance Network-Based Three Level Quasi Neutral Point Clamped Inverter with High Voltage Gain
Authors: Aqeel Anwar Muhammad , Abbas Ghulam , Khan Irfan , Awan Ahmed Bilal , Farooq Umar , Saleem Khan Saad
Published: March 2020

Due to the impediments of voltage source inverter and current source inverter, Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) has become notorious for better power quality in low and medium power applications. Several modifications are proposed for impedance source in the form of Quasi Z-Source Inverter (QZSI) and Neutral Point Clamped Z-Source Inverter (NPCZSI). However, due to the discontinuity of the source current, NPCZSI is not suitable for some applications, i.e., fuel cell, UPS, and hybrid electric vehicles. Although in later advancements, source current becomes continuous in multilevel QZSI, low voltage gain, higher shoot-through duty ratio, lesser availability of modulation index, and higher voltage stress across switches are still an obstacle in NPCZSI. In this research work, a three-level high voltage gain Neutral Point Clamped Inverter (NPCI) that gives three-level AC output in a single stage, is proposed to boost up the DC voltage at the desired level. At the same time, it detains all the merits of previous topologies of three-level NPCZSI/QZSI. Simulations have been done in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to show the effectiveness of the proposed inverter topology.
Ensemble Gradient Boosted Tree for SoH Estimation Based on Diagnostic Features
Authors: Khaleghi Sahar , Firouz Yousef , Berecibar Maitane , Mierlo Joeri Van , Bossche Peter Van Den
Published: March 2020

The success of electric vehicles (EVs) depends principally on their energy storage system. Lithium-ion batteries currently feature the ideal properties to fulfil the wide range of prerequisites specific to electric vehicles. Meanwhile, the precise estimation of batteries’ state of health (SoH) should be available to provide the optimal performance of EVs. This study attempts to propose a precise, real-time method to estimate lithium-ion state of health when it operates in a realistic driving condition in the presence of dynamic stress factors. To this end, a real-life driving profile was simulated based on highly dynamic worldwide harmonized light vehicle test cycle load profiles. Afterward, various features will be extracted from voltage data and they will be scored based on prognostic metrics to select diagnostic features which can conveniently identify battery degradation. Lastly, an ensemble learning model was developed to capture the correlation of diagnostic features and battery’s state of health (SoH). The result illustrates that the proposed method has the potential to estimate the SoH of battery cells aged under a distinct depth of discharge and current profile with a maximum error of 1%. This confirms the robustness of the developed approach. The proposed method has the capability of implementing in battery management systems due to many reasons; firstly, it is tested and validated based on the data which are equal to the real-life driving operation of an electric vehicle. Secondly, it has high accuracy and precision, and a low computational cost. Finally, it can estimate the SoH of battery cells with different aging patterns.
Novel Experimental Device to Monitor the Ground Thermal Exchange in a Borehole Heat Exchanger
Authors: Sáez Blázquez Cristina , Piedelobo Laura , Fernández-Hernández Jesús , Nieto Ignacio Martín , Martín Arturo Farfán , Lagüela Susana , González-Aguilera Diego
Published: March 2020

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are becoming popular in space heating and cooling applications. Despite this fact, in most countries, the role of this energy is not as important as it should be nowadays according to its capabilities for energy generation without CO2 emissions, mainly due to the lack of technical knowledge about GSHP performance. The analysis of the physical processes that take part in the geothermal exchanges is necessary to allow the optimal exploitation of the geothermal resources. For all the above, an experimental geothermal device was built in the laboratory to control the phenomena that take place in a borehole heat exchanger (BHE). A 1-m high single-U heat exchanger was inserted in the center of a polyethylene container which also included granular material (surrounding ground) and the grouting material. Temperature sensors were situated in different positions of the experimental setup. Physical processes are evaluated to finally validate the model. Numerous applications can be developed from the experimental BHE. In this research, the determination of the thermal conductivity of the material used as medium was carried out. Results of this parameter were also compared with the ones obtained from the use of the KD2 Pro device.
Modeling Artificial Ground Freezing for Construction of Two Tunnels of a Metro Station in Napoli (Italy)
Authors: Mauro Alessandro , Normino Gennaro , Cavuoto Filippo , Marotta Pasquale , Massarotti Nicola
Published: March 2020

An artificial ground freezing (AGF) technique in the horizontal direction has been employed in Naples (Italy), in order to ensure the stability and waterproofing of soil during the excavation of two tunnels in a real underground station. The artificial freezing technique consists of letting a coolant fluid, with a temperature lower than the surrounding ground, circulate inside probes positioned along the perimeter of the gallery. In this paper, the authors propose an efficient numerical model to analyze heat transfer during the whole excavation process for which this AGF technique was used. The model takes into account the water phase change process, and has been employed to analyze phenomena occurring in three cross sections of the galleries. The aim of the work is to analyze the thermal behavior of the ground during the freezing phases, to optimize the freezing process, and to evaluate the thickness of frozen wall obtained. The steps to realize the entire excavation of the tunnels, and the evolution of the frozen wall during the working phases, have been considered. In particular, the present model has allowed us to calculate the thickness of the frozen wall equal to 2.1 m after fourteen days of nitrogen feeding.
Comparison of Variable and Constant Loading for Mesophilic Food Waste Digestion in a Long-Term Experiment
Authors: Song He , Zhang Yue , Kusch-Brandt Sigrid , Banks Charles J.
Published: March 2020

Operators of commercial anaerobic digestion (AD) plants frequently note the challenge of transferring research results to an industrial setting, especially in matching well-controlled laboratory studies at a constant organic loading rate (OLR) with full-scale digesters subject to day-to-day variation in loadings. This study compared the performance of food waste digesters at fluctuating and constant OLR. In a long-term experiment over nearly three years, variable daily OLR with a range as wide as 0 to 10.0 g VS L−1 day−1 (weekly average 5.0 g VS L−1 day−1) were applied to one laboratory-scale digester, while a pair of control digesters was operated at a constant daily loading of 5.0 g VS L−1 day−1. Different schemes of trace elements (TE) supplementation were also tested to examine how they contributed to process stability. Variable loading had no adverse impact on biogas production or operational stability when 11 TE species were dosed. When TE addition was limited to cobalt and selenium, the stability of the variable-load digester was well maintained for nearly 300 days before the experiment was terminated, while the control digesters required re-supplementation with other TE species to reverse an accumulation of volatile fatty acids. This work demonstrated that variation in daily OLR across quite a wide range of applied loadings is possible with no adverse effects on methane production or stability of food waste digestion, giving confidence in the transferability of research findings. The positive effect of variable OLR on TE requirement requires further investigation considering its practical significance for AD industry.
Enhancement of Turbulent Convective Heat Transfer using a Microparticle Multiphase Flow
Authors: Wang Tao , Gao Zengliang , Jin Weiya
Published: March 2020

The turbulent heat transfer enhancement of microfluid as a heat transfer medium in a tube was investigated. Within the Reynolds number ranging from 7000 to 23,000, heat transfer, friction loss and thermal performance characteristics of graphite, Al2O3 and CuO microfluid with the particle volume fraction of 0.25%–1.0% and particle size of 5 μm have been respectively tested. The results showed that the thermal performance of microfluids was better than water. In addition, the graphite microfluid had the best turbulent convective heat transfer effect among several microfluids. To further investigate the effect of graphite particle size on thermal performance, the heat transfer characteristics of the graphite microfluid with the size of 1 μm was also tested. The results showed that the thermal performance of the particle size of 1 μm was better than that of 5 μm. Within the investigated range, the maximum value of the thermal performance of graphite microfluid was found at a 1.0% volume fraction, a Reynolds number around 7500 and a size of 1 μm. In addition, the simulation results showed that the increase of equivalent thermal conductivity of the microfluid and the turbulent kinetic energy near the tube wall, by adding the microparticles, caused the enhancement of heat transfer; therefore, the microfluid can be potentially used to enhance turbulent convective heat transfer.
Qualitative and Quantitative Transient Stability Assessment of Stand-Alone Hybrid Microgrids in a Cluster Environment
Authors: Veerashekar Kishan , Askan Halil , Luther Matthias
Published: March 2020

Neighboring stand-alone hybrid microgrids with diesel generators (DGs) as well as grid-feeding photovoltaics (PV) and grid-forming battery storage systems (BSS) can be coupled to reduce fuel costs and emissions as well as to enhance the security of supply. In contrast to the research in control and small-signal rotor angle stability of microgrids, there is a significant lack of knowledge regarding the transient stability of off-grid hybrid microgrids in a cluster environment. Therefore, the large-signal rotor angle stability of pooled microgrids was assessed qualitatively and also quantitatively in this research work. Quantitative transient stability assessment (TSA) was carried out with the help of the—recently developed and validated—micro-hybrid method by combining time-domain simulations and transient energy function analyses. For this purpose, three realistic dynamic microgrids were modelled regarding three operating modes (island, interconnection, and cluster) as well as the conventional scenario “classical” and four hybrid scenarios (“storage”, “sun”, “sun & storage”, and “night”) regarding different instants of time on a tropical partly sunny day. It can be inferred that, coupling hybrid microgrids is feasible from the voltage, frequency, and also transient stability point of view. However, the risk of large-signal rotor angle instability in pooled microgrids is relatively higher than in islanded microgrids. Along with critical clearing times, new stability-related indicators such as system stability degree and corrected critical clearing times should be taken into account in the planning phase and in the operation of microgrids. In principle, a general conclusion concerning the best operating mode and scenario of the investigated microgrids cannot be drawn. TSA of pooled hybrid microgrids should be performed—on a regular basis especially in the grid operation—for different loading conditions, tie-line power flows, topologies, operating modes, and scenarios.
Energy Consumption on Dairy Farms: A Review of Monitoring, Prediction Modelling, and Analyses
Authors: Shine Philip , Upton John , Sefeedpari Paria , Murphy Michael D.
Published: March 2020

The global consumption of dairy produce is forecasted to increase by 19% per person by 2050. However, milk production is an intense energy consuming process. Coupled with concerns related to global greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, increasing the production of milk must be met with the sustainable use of energy resources, to ensure the future monetary and environmental sustainability of the dairy industry. This body of work focused on summarizing and reviewing dairy energy research from the monitoring, prediction modelling and analyses point of view. Total primary energy consumption values in literature ranged from 2.7 MJ kg−1 Energy Corrected Milk on organic dairy farming systems to 4.2 MJ kg−1 Energy Corrected Milk on conventional dairy farming systems. Variances in total primary energy requirements were further assessed according to whether confinement or pasture-based systems were employed. Overall, a 35% energy reduction was seen across literature due to employing a pasture-based dairy system. Compared to standard regression methods, increased prediction accuracy has been demonstrated in energy literature due to employing various machine-learning algorithms. Dairy energy prediction models have been frequently utilized throughout literature to conduct dairy energy analyses, for estimating the impact of changes to infrastructural equipment and managerial practices.
The opinion of health care organizer and therapist on current problems of modern dentistry (in memory of academician Komarov F. I.)
Authors: Iordanishvili A. K.
Published: March 2020

Relevance. Getting acquainted with biographies and scientific works of prominent figures of medicine of the past years, you can find not only interesting facts from history, but also analogies with modernity, answers to many clinical problems of medicine today.

Purpose. To present the contribution to dentistry of academician Fyodor Ivanovich Komarov, in connection with his death on January 25, 2020.

Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of the life, professional activity and scientific works of the academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Fyodor Ivanovich Komarov, it was necessary to identify studies on the dental aspects of modern medicine and health care.

Results. Illuminated the scientific, clinical, pedagogical and public activity of the scientist, Clinician, teacher and public figure, an outstanding figure of Russian and world medicine of Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of USSR State prize, honored scientist of Russia, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, doctor of medical Sciences, Professor, Colonel-General of medical services of Fedor Ivanovich Komarov. Special attention is paid to the little-known areas of his research in the field of dentistry.

Conclusion. Scientific works of F. I. Komarov were included in the gold Fund not only in the world and domestic military medicine, gastroenterology, cardiology, pulmonology, biorhythmology, gerontology, geriatrics, but also in a number of other scientific areas of medicine and health care, including dentistry.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GENES ENCODING ACQUIRED CARBAPENEMASE OF CARBAPENEMRESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII ISOLATES
Authors: Le Nu Xuan Thanh , Le Thi Anh Ngoc , Nguyen Thi Nam Lien , Ngo Viet Quynh Tram , Antonella Santona , Pietro Cappuccinelli
Published: March 2020

Background: Today carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates are rising in several parts of the world including Vietnam, they are recognized to be among the most difficult resistant bacteria to treat and control. Carbapenem resistance is most commonly caused by the production of OXA-type carbapenemases and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs).
Objectives: Determine the rate and detect the genes encoding acquired carbapenemase of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates.
Materials and methods: Study design is cross-sectional descriptive study. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates in 90 A. baumannii (ACB) complex isolates were collected from Hue Central Hospital (HCH) and Hue University Hospital (HUP). Susceptibility to carbapenem of A. baumannii strains were performed by MicroScan method. Multiplex PCRs were performed to detect the genes encoding acquired carbapenemase.
Results: Carbapenem resistance rates in A. baumannii were 88.5% and 87.5% in HCH and HHUMP, respectively. All of genes blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaIMP, blaNDM as well as coexistence of two genes (blaIMP, blaNDM) or three genes ((blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58) or (blaIMP, blaNDM, blaOXA-58)) were detected in carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates.
Conclusions: Carbapenem resistance rate in A. baumannii was relatively high. The emergence of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii is associated with the production of OXA-type carbapenemases and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs).

Key words: Acinetobacter baumannii; carbapenem resistance; carbapenemase
The exaltation of Italian national identity in the discourse of Matteo Renzi
Authors: Mamusa Eleonora
Published: March 2020

Nations are one of the most well-established constructs in our society, and they represent a very attractive benchmark for personal and social identification. Political speeches, as well as, for example, media discourse and popular culture, constantly reiterate myth, culture and history of nations in order to reaffirm and preserve their positive image, and this tendency doesn’t seem to be weakened by some contemporary events like globalization and the reinforcement of transnational systems.

As a proof of this trend, the present work proposes an in-depth analysis of the speech held by the then Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi at the European Parliament on the occasion of the inauguration of the Italian semester of presidency on July 2, 2014, aiming to demonstrate that also supranational contexts are exploited to reiterate national identity and priorities.
Max Gobbo e la riscrittura fantastica di un periodo rinascimentale
Authors: Zangrilli Franco
Published: March 2020

The paper examines thè characteristics of Max Gobbo’s writing in his fantasy novel Alasia - The Iron Maiden. The novel is set in a dystopian XVI century Italy infested by demons, vampires and other strange creatures. The novel unfolds in a clear and flowing prose, supported by a simple and effective writing, expressing thè complexity of a world of darkness, in thè hands of devils. It is full of suspense, of comings and goings, of mythical evocations, as of dramatic moments and a humorous multitone irony.
Reserves and resources for CO2 storage in Europe: the CO2StoP project
Authors: Poulsen Niels , Bocin-Dumitriu Andrei , Holloway Sam , Kirk Karen , Neele Filip , Smith Nichola
Published: March 2020

The challenge of climate change demands reduction in global CO2 emissions. In order to fight global warming many countries are looking at technological solutions to keep the release of CO2 into the atmosphere under control. One of the most promising techniques is carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), also known as CO2 geological storage. CCS can reduce the world’s total CO2 release by about one quarter by 2050 (IEA 2008, 2013; Metz et al. 2005). CCS usually involves a series of steps: (1) separation of the CO2 from the gases produced by large power plants or other point sources, (2) compression of the CO2 into supercritical fluid, (3) transportation to a storage location and (4) injecting it into deep underground geological formations.