bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kegagalan Consociational Approach dalam Perjanjian Naivasha Sudan
Authors: Yulianti Dina , Dermawan Windy , Yudistira Muhammad Alfiandra
Published: January 2024

The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict between the Sudanese government and a separatist group from South Sudan, namely the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). It was the most prolonged violent conflict in African history (1983-2005). The conflict officially ended after the signing of the Naivasha Agreement in 2005. In this agreement, there was an effort to resolve the conflict with a consociational approach that carried out project sharing between the conflicting parties. However, this agreement did not succeed in making Sudan free from conflict. This article will present an analysis of the failure to implement the consociational approach in creating positive peace in Sudan and South Sudan The findings of this research are that the power-sharing carried out in this agreement only involves elites. Apart from that, the distribution of resources other than oil has yet to be carried out, which should also be divided, taking into account identity factors.
Menntun eða þjónusta?
Authors: Jóhannesson Ingólfur Ásgeir , Símonardóttir Sunna
Published: January 2024

Mikil fjölmiðlaumræða varð um leikskóla á árunum 2020–2022. Þann 14. janúar 2020 samþykkti meirihluti skóla- og frístundaráðs Reykjavíkurborgar að stytta opnunartíma leikskóla um hálftíma síðdegis, hafa skólana opna til 16:30 í stað kl. 17. Við greindum umræðuna næstu 13 daga á eftir. Einnig voru greindir kosningapistlar fyrstu 13 dagana í maí 2022 fyrir sveitarstjórnarkosningarnar 14. maí 2022. Samtals voru þetta 59 greinar, fréttir og pistlar. Leitað var svara við spurningunum: Hvað er leikskóli og til hvers er hann? Hvað er ætlast til að börn fái út úr leikskóladvöl?

Við greindum efnið með sex þrepa aðferð sögulegrar greiningar á orðræðu. Við greindum sex þrástef í efninu; álagið á börnin, álagið á starfsfólkið, þroski og leikur, jafnrétti, þjónustuhlutverk leikskóla og loks þema sem við nefnum skjótvirkar lausnir. Við greindum tvö löggildingarlögmál sem jafnframt fela í sér þversagnir. Hið fyrra felur í sér að leikskóli er menntastofnun sem um leið hefur samfélagsleg hlutverk, annars vegar til að stuðla að jafnrétti kynjanna og hins vegar sem þjónusta við atvinnulífið með því að sjá til þess að börnin séu á öruggum stað meðan foreldrarnir vinna. Þversögn felst í að ýmis ytri skilyrði hafa orðið til þess að leikskólunum er erfitt að sinna þessu verkefni, það er að börnin fái sveigjanlegt heils dags leikskólapláss. Hitt lögmálið er að flestir virðast vilja að leikskólar sem menntastofnanir séu ólíkir grunnskólum. Sókn í að stytta dvalartíma og stytta opnunartíma kemur ef til vill ekki niður á menntunarhlutverkinu en rekst á við jafnréttis- og þjónustuhlutverkið við foreldra og atvinnulíf.

Rannsóknin gefur skýrt til kynna að tekist er á um framtíð leikskólakerfisins á Íslandi. Höfundar undirstrika mikilvægi þess að uppbygging leikskólakerfisins taki mið af fjölþættum hlutverkum hans í íslensku samfélagi, þar sem virðing er borin fyrir þeim öllum.
Social innovation potential and economic power: The example of Hungarian districts
Authors: Tóth Géza , Varga Krisztina , Feketéné Benkó Kata , Dávid Lóránt Dénes
Published: January 2024

Our previous research on social innovation examined the process, levels, and stakeholders of social innovation, as well as its relationship with technical and technological innovation. The present study analyzes the spatial image created by the social innovation potential and investigates its relationship with the economic power of the neighborhoods. The most important conclusion of the study is that the basic territorial inequality dimensions are the same in the case of both the social innovation potential and the district’s economic strength. The difference is primarily to be found in concentration, as economic power is much more concentrated in the capital and the most important economic and tourism centers than the social innovation potential. We can therefore state that developments based on social innovation can solve a lot of the highly concentrated spatial structure in Hungary.
Gajusz Waleriusz Katullus: „Mówi, że moja będzie…” ( Carm. 70)
Authors: Krawczyk Wiktoria
Published: January 2024

Tłumaczenie na język polski utworu 70 Katullusa.
Parallelization of the Traveling Salesman Problem by Clustering its Nodes and Finding the Best Route Passing through the Centroids
Authors: Romanuke Vadim
Published: January 2024

A method of heuristically solving large and extremely large traveling salesman problems is suggested. The solver is a specific genetic algorithm producing approximately shortest routes the fastest of known heuristics without losing much in accuracy. The method consists in parallelizing the problem by clustering its nodes and finding the best route passing through the centroids of the clusters. The open-loop subroutes of the clusters are connected via specific nodes. These specific nodes referred to as connectors are determined as those for which the distance to the depot is maximal and the distance to the cluster of the following subproblem is minimal. Thus, a bunch of smaller open-loop problems is solved instead of solving the whole (closed loop) problem. Extremely large problems should be clustered manually by imposing a mesh of rotated square cells. In this case, the connectors should be determined manually as well. A connector can also be approximated by a node which is the closest to the line connecting the centroids of the two clusters. The suggested parallelization can produce a very significant speedup depending on how many processor cores are simultaneously available. The factual speedup by the parallelization depends on the availability of processor cores, memory, and the processor clock frequency. The efficiency of the parallelization is maintained for a few hundred to a few million nodes by any number of clusters being less than the size of the average cluster.
ETI-MAC: An Energy-Harvested Transmitter-Initiated MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bengheni Abdelmalek
Published: January 2024

The paper proposes an Energy-Harvested Transmitter-Initiated MAC Protocol for WSNs (ETI-MAC). ETIMAC takes advantage of the benefits of transmitter-initiated schemes and employs the low power listening (LPL) method with small preamble messages so that each sensor node in the network can predict its next sleep duration based on the harvested energy rate value, thereby lowering the duty cycle by making use of its accumulating residual energy. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms compared to the old PSEHWSN scheme.
Building English – Punjabi Aligned Parallel Corpora of Nouns from Comparable Corpora
Authors: Kaur Dilshad , Singh Satwinder
Published: January 2024

Comparable corpora are the right resources for extracting parallel data due to their abundant availability. It is of great importance where parallel data are scarce. In this study, the focus is placed on building of parallel data for Punjabi and English language pair. The raw data were collected from web contents of “Mann Ki Baat”, which is a collection of textual speeches of Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi broadcasted every last Sunday of the month. Data were cleaned and pre-processed using a natural language toolkit. An alignment model using BERT was built that aligned two textual files on a sentence level. Furthermore, extraction of noun forms with the help of NLTK library in Python programming was performed. The noun aligned dataset was built for English-Punjabi language pair and made available at Mendeley data repository.
Understanding the pathogenesis, clinical, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of the recent monkeypox virus outbreak
Authors: Goia Aneta-Rada , Muntean Delia , Musta Virgil , Herlo Alexandra , Vulpie Silvana , Izmendi Oana , Jumanca Romanita , Licker Monica
Published: January 2024

Human mpox is a zoonotic disease, caused by the mpox virus (MPXV), that can spread either between animals and humans or humans and humans. In 1970 the first human case of mpox was reported in Zaire, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Other notable human mpox outbreaks in non-endemic countries were identified in June 2003 in the United States, in July 2021 in Dallas (USA), and the most recent one in May 2022 in Europe in the United Kingdom (UK). During the 2022 outbreak, sexual intercourse was observed to be the most prevalent transmission method, although other means should not be ignored, such as the involvement of respiratory droplets, exposure to surfaces and skin suspected of contamination. In the context of the current mpox outbreak, we consider it important and necessary to correctly identify the virus, use the proper laboratory testing for a correct diagnosis of mpox, understand the means of prophylaxis, and apply the correct treatment, highlighting these facts being the aim of this study.
Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies – Comparative analysis of two automatic methods, ECLIA and CMIA
Authors: Manescu Ion Bogdan , Luca Andreea , Hutanu Adina , Truta Andreea , Dobreanu Minodora
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO) is an essential diagnostic tool for autoimmune disorders of the thyroid gland. However, TPO results are not always comparable due to differences between methods. Here, we aimed to investigate the differences between two modern laboratory methods for TPO measurement: electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) and chemiluminescence microparticle (CMIA) immunoassays.

Methods: A total of 234 serum samples were tested on two methods: Cobas-e601 (ECLIA) and Alinity i (CMIA). TPO results were compared statistically both quantitatively and qualitatively (results were coded as positive/negative, according to ECLIA/CMIA reference ranges.

Results: The precisions of both methods were acceptable compared with the claims of the manufacturer. There was a very strong, but unsatisfactory correlation between the two methods (Pearson r=0.85). Passing-Bablok regression revealed a significant deviation from linearity (Cusum p<0.01) and an unacceptable quantitative relationship: intercept −7.61, slope 1.10. Moreover, a visual analysis of overall and medical decision level-focused Bland-Altman plots confirmed the lack of quantitative agreement. As for the qualitative analysis, the concordance rate between methods was 218/234 (93.1%). The agreement was considered good to very good according to the inter-rater agreement test: weighted Cohen κ = 0.805.

Conclusions: The qualitative agreement between Cobas-e601 (ECLIA) and Alinity i (CMIA) was good, therefore the two methods may be used indiscriminately for initial testing of patients suspected of thyroid gland autoimmune diseases. However, due to poor quantitative agreement, the two methods should not be used interchangeably for monitoring as the results may mislead both physicians and patients, possibly leading to medical errors.
Decarbonisation of Road Transport as a Key Element for Achieving Climate Neutrality
Authors: Mielczarek-Mikołajów Justyna
Published: January 2024

This article considers the issue of climate neutrality, which is becoming increasingly important in view of current European Union (EU) policies. It is necessary to mention the requirement that EU countries achieve climate neutrality by 2050, with the intermediate target being the reduction of harmful exhaust gases to 55 per cent compared to 1990. The achievement of climate neutrality particularly affects transport, which is one of the most crucial sectors of the economy in this regard. Therefore, the author will point out the process of decarbonisation of road transport in the context of both public and private transport, highlighting the most important barriers to the development of this process, using Poland as an example.
Perbaikan Jaringan Tegangan Rendah Dengan Sisip Trafo Distribusi Fase Tunggal Untuk Mengurangi Overload dan Jatuh Tegangan PT PLN (Persero) ULP Yogyakarta Kota
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Dwi Cahyo , Ginting Nina Loenca Br , Muflih Haidar Nabil , Ningrum Nur Risya Difa Kusuma , Nugraha Candra Febri
Published: January 2024

Transformator distribusi berperan penting dalam jaringan distribusi untuk mentransformasikan energi listrik dari sumber ke pelanggan. Keadaan tersebut akan berkaitan dengan permasalahan pada proses distribusi energi listrik. Pada standar PLN, kapasitas trafo ditetapkan menjadi overload apabila beban melebihi 80% dari kapasitas trafo yang terpasang. Overload dapat menyebabkan peningkatan suhu transformator yang berpotensi merusak isolasi dan berpotensi terjadinya pemutusan penyaluran listrik ke konsumen. Transformator yang telah terpasang B&D 50kVA yang telah terpasang pada tiang 17A/U3-30 wilayah Jalan Belibis, Wonocatur, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta. Transformator tersebut mengalami pembebanan hingga 112,5%. Dalam penelitian ini, sisip trafo menjadi solusi untuk menekan presentase overload dan jatuh tegangan. Sisip trafo sebenarnya sudah dilakukan pada lapangan, maka dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis pengaruh setelah sisip dengan penentuan lokasi optimal melalui simulasi. Dari hasil simulasi ETAP 12.6.0 nilai sisip trafo pada tiang 1/S3-19 lapangan dapat memperbaiki nilai tegangan pada ujung pelanggan sebesar 0,94 p.u. dengan pembebanan pada transformator sisip sebesar 86,6% dan trafo existing sebesar 35,60%. Akan tetapi, terdapat penentuan lokasi optimal yaitu tiang 18/S3-17 berdasarkan nilai tegangan paling baik pada ujung pelanggan yaitu 0,94 p.u. dengan transformator existing dalam kondisi normal sebesar 58,1% pembebanan dan pada transformator sisip sebesar 65,3%. Transformator sisip dapat menurunkan overload dan jatuh tegangan pada pelanggan, dan dengan menentukan lokasi optimal dapat menambahkan efisiensi analisis mengenai dampak perkembangan beban dan nilai tegangan.

Kata Kunci— transformator; overload; jatuh tegangan; ETAP; optimal
EKSPRESI DINAMIS MIR-320C PADA KANKER OVARIUM
Authors: Guspratiwi Reny , Kartika Aprilia Indra
Published: January 2024

Kanker ovarium mengalami peningkatan insidensi dan kematian yang disebabkan oleh kesulitan dalam mendeteksi kanker pada stadium awal dan belum ada uji skrining yang efektif untuk kanker ovarium. Dibutuhkan metode deteksi yang memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang tinggi berupa biomarker yang bersirkulasi di dalam plasma darah berupa mikroRNA. Deteksi melalui mikroRNA diharapkan dapat meminimalkan rasa sakit atau minimal invasif. Penelitian analisis profil mikroRNA yang berperan dalam kanker ovarium perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan biomarker deteksi awal minimal invasif kanker ovarium yang tepat. Analisis profil ekspresi mikroRNA pada kanker ovarium dilakukan dengan isolasi plasma darah, sintesis cDNA, dan qRT-PCR sampel yang disatukan, dan qPCR miR-320c. Profiling mikroRNA pada kanker ovarium dilakukan dengan metode pooling sampel, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kuantifikasi mikroRNA yang mengalami peningkatan dan penurunan paling signifikan secara individu sampel. Hasil analisis profil ekspresi mikroRNA pada kanker ovarium menunjukkan peningkatan ekspresi miR-320c baik pada serous maupun pada mucinous. Hasil kuantifikasi ekspresi individu menunjukkan penurunan ekspresi miR-320c pada stadium awal dan peningkatan yang signifikan miR-320c pada stadium lanjut kanker ovarium. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi mikroRNA dapat berbeda-beda pada masing-masing orang.

Kata kunci :  kanker ovarium, miR-32Oc, profil ekspresi, minimal invasif
The EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION USING VIRTUAL REALITY VIDEO MEDIA ON THE STATUS OF ORAL HYGIENE IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS 10 SUNGAI SAPIH PADANG CITY
Authors: Rahmawati Laili , Lestari Citra , Endo Mahata Intan Batura , Ningrum Valendriyani
Published: January 2024

According to the Data and Information Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2018), the prevalence of caries in Indonesia is 88.8%. The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that 60-90% of school children worldwide experience caries, with the disease being most prevalent in children aged 6-12 years. Dental caries is a disease that can infect and damage tooth structure. One of the risk factors for caries is plaque accumulation, which is associated with poor oral hygiene. The Personal Hygiene Performance Modified (PHP-M) is a method used to measure plaque on mixed teeth. This research is a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a total of 27 samples meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study found a significant improvement in oral hygiene status after participants received an educational intervention using virtual reality video media. Specifically, there was a decrease in plaque scores after brushing teeth following the intervention compared to before. The statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference with a p-value of less than 0.05. The study found that the number of students with excellent oral hygiene status increased from 15 (40.5%) before the intervention to 36 (97.3%) after the intervention. These results suggest that the use of virtual reality video media is an effective method for improving oral hygiene.

Keywords: Personal Hygiene Performance Modified (PHP-M)., Virtual Reality (VR)., Oral Hygiene.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA HIPERURISEMIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI RSUD SANJIWANI GIANYAR TAHUN 2019
Authors: Sarilan I Putu , Putra IGB Gita Pranata , Cahyawati Putu Nita
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi masih menjadi penyebab utama penyakit kardiovaskular dan kematian di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Berdasarkan pada penelitian sebelumnya ditemukan adanya kontroversi terkait hubungan antara hiperurisemia dan hipertensi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hiperurisemia dengan kejadian hipertensi tersebut. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar dengan desain penelitian observasional analitik cross-sectional. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien pada periode Januari–Desember 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purpossive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 104. Hasil: Karakteristik sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu mayoritas berusia lebih dari 60 tahun (51%) dan didominasi oleh jenis kelamin laki-laki (57.7%). Kejadian hiperurisemi pada pasien hipertensi adalah 68.3%. Kejadian hiperurisemia lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien hipertensi grade 1 (68.8%) dibandingkan dengan hipertensi grade 2 (67.2%). Hasil analisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. menemukan bahwa nilai p>0.05, r -0.010. Kesimpulan: Hasil yang menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara hiperurisemia dan hipertensi di RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar tahun 2019.

Kata kunci :  Hipertensi, Hiperurisemia, RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar
THE DIFFERENCE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE BASED ON BODY MASS INDEX IN STUDENTS STUDY PROGRAM OF MEDICINE, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UDAYANA UNIVERSITY SEMESTER II-VI ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022
Authors: Damarahayu Putu Jegeg Shinta , Bayu Mahendra I Nyoman , Agung Suwardewa Tjokorda Gde , Fajar Manuaba I.B.Gede
Published: January 2024

Menstruasi merupakan suatu tanda awal dimana fungsi reproduksi wanita telah matang, menstruasi normalnya terjadi secara periodik setiap bulan yang disebut dengan siklus menstruasi.Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi siklus menstruasi salah satunya adalah indeks massa tubuh(IMT) yang merupakan hasil ukur yang menggambarkan status gizi seseorang.Lemak dalam tubuh berperan dalam pembentukan hormon estrogen dimana gambaran lemak dalam tubuh dapat dinilai dengan IMT.Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan siklus menstruasi berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang dimana sampel pada penelitian ini merupakan mahasiswi sarjana kedokteran semester II-VI di FK UNUD melalui kuisioner dan pengukuran indeks massa tubuh.Indeks massa tubuh dikategorikan underweight,normal,overweight dan obesitas berdasarkan kategori WHO dan siklus menstruasi dikageorikan normal atau tidaknya dari lamanya siklus yang normalnya 21-35 hari.Hasil analisis data menemukan tidak adanya hubungan signifikan antara IMT dengan siklus menstruasi (p>0.05) berdasarkan hasil uji statistik chi-square test.Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan antara IMT normal maupun tidak dengan normal tidaknya siklus menstruasi.
HUBUNGAN USIA, BODY MASS INDEX (BMI), DAN FREKUENSI GERAKAN REPETITIF DENGAN KEJADIAN CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROM (CTS) PADA WANITA DENGAN KEBIASAAN MENCUCI PAKAIAN MENGGUNAKAN TANGAN DI DESA MUARA UNTU KABUPATEN MURUNG RAYA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Lestari Noor Reza Indah , Nugrahini Sintha , Mutiasari Dian , Balyas Abi Bakring , Komara Nisa Kartika
Published: January 2024

Sebagian besar wanita di Desa Muara Untu masih mencuci pakaian menggunakan tangan hampir setiap hari. Kecepatan tangan, posisi tangan yang ekstrim, gerakan berulang dengan tekanan dalam waktu yang lama dan genggaman pada saat mengucek pakaian yang menggunakan kekuatan adalah salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan usia, Body Mass Index, dan frekuensi gerakan repetitif dengan kejadian Carpal Tunnel Syndrome pada wanita yang mencuci pakaian menggunakan tangan di Desa Muara Untu Kabupaten Murung Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan studi korelasi yang menggunakan desain Cross Sectional. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner Boston-Carpal Tunnel Questionare (BCTQ) dan kuesioner pemeriksaan fisik Phalen’s test. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat ditemukan bahwa hubungan usia dengan Carpal Tunnel Syndrom menghasilkan koefisien korelasi 0,318 dengan probabilitas 0,001, hubungan Body Mass Index dengan kejadian Carpal Tunnel Syndrome menghasilkan koefisien korelasi 0,111 dengan probabilitas 0,210, dan hubungan frekuensi gerakan repetitif dengan kejadian Carpal Tunnel Syndrome menghasilkan koefisien korelasi 0,077 dengan probabilitas 0,385. Kesimpulannya adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia dengan kejadian Carpal Tunnel Syndrome dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Body Mass Index dan frekuensi gerakan repetitif dengan kejadian Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
TREATMENT OF INFECTION OF EHRLICHIA SP. IN A MIX BREED DOG
Authors: Utomo Bravanasta Glory Rahmadyasti , Suartha I Nyoman , Putriningsih Putu Ayu Sisyawati
Published: January 2024

Ehrlichiosis is a disease in dogs caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia sp. and affects all ages and breeds. Ehrlichia sp. is an obligate intracellular bacterium, which means that this bacterium is able to enter into its host cells and its life depends on its host. This article was created to provide information regarding the management of Ehrlichia infection in dogs. The case animal is a mixed breed dog named Cio, 2 years old, female, weighing 11 kg. The dog come with complaints of itching and hair loss. The dog has a history of blood parasites (Ehrlichiosis) a year ago and has already been to the clinic. The blood test results found Ehrlichia sp and the test kit was positive. Based on the anamnesis, and the results of clinical and supporting examinations, the dog was diagnosed with ehrlichiosis with Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick infestation. The therapy provided includes symptomatic therapy, causative therapy, and supportive therapy. Diphenhydramine HCl injection 1.1 mL, intramuscularly. The antibiotic doxycycline is given at a dose of 10 mg/kg, once a day for 28 days. Sangobion was given to reduce clinical symptoms, which is anemia and thrombocytopenia. Dog was bathed with a Tick and Flea shampoo which contains insecticides (Pyrethrin and Piperonyl). The evaluation was carried out after the antibiotics were finished, based on the owner's statement, the condition of the case dog was healthy, no longer scratching and falling hair, and the tick infestation had disappeared. It is recommended to eradicate the vector (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in the environment where animals live. This is done to prevent recurrent infections from Ehrlichia.
Legal Implications in The Implementation of Rehabilitation Assessment for Narcotics Abuse Addicts
Authors: Pasaribu Wilson Bugner F. , Kalo Syafruddin , Ablisar Madiasa , Suwarto
Published: January 2024

Objective: The implementation of rehabilitation assessments for drug addicts has always been criticized for injustice in the service system. This can be seen from various legal policies that are considered discriminatory against the lower middle-class society. Drug addicts who are rehabilitated by wealthy groups will easily get luxury facilities from rehabilitation institutions. It's different from the poor who are always complicated by administrative problems during the rehabilitation process. Therefore, this research is considered important to find out the existing policy problems and what solutions should be applied to drug addicts.
 
Theoretical framework: To deal with the problem of drug users, practical rehabilitation assessment is very important. Based on Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, drug abusers are like people who have two legs: one in the legal dimension and the other in the health dimension. At the legal level, abuse is a legal violation that must be punished because it violates applicable regulations. On the other hand, drug abusers are considered chronic addicts who need to be cured through rehabilitation.
 
Method: Data collection is sourced from normative data related to the rehabilitation assessment of narcotics abuse in Indonesia.
 
Results and conclusion: The results of the study show that the legal implications in the implementation of rehabilitation assessments for addicts and victims of narcotics abuse can shape changes in patients for the better, although in practice there are still those who repeat their actions (recidivist).
 
Implications of the research: In addition, the Government is still constrained in terms of costs to build rehabilitation institutions in a comprehensive and equitable manner.
 
Originality/value: Thus causing differences, discrimination, and injustice between addicts and narcotics victims who become patients.
Possible Legislative Policies for Combating Drug, Applied to Mandatory Drug Testing for Government Employees
Authors: Badran Doaa Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

Objective: Saudi Arabia is actively working to improve citizens' quality of life and achieve comprehensive development, with a specific focus on combating drug abuse. Strict measures, including legislative policies, have been implemented to prevent, treat, and rehabilitate individuals involved in drug abuse. The emphasis is on creating a drug-free work environment for government employees, enhancing workplace safety, and improving overall performance through regular and random drug tests. Clear guidelines and protocols ensure transparency and fairness in policy implementation.
 
Methods: The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, shedding light on the description and analysis of the actual reality of drug control and its impact on the development process within the country. The study relies on a range of primary and secondary sources, as well as scientific publications.
 
Results: The suggestion of conducting drug tests for employees may stir controversy due to privacy concerns and potential impact on employee integrity. To ensure the fair achievement of this goal, policies should include clear procedures for handling results and provide opportunities for rehabilitation and reemployment. Implementing drug testing policies requires enhancing transparency, clearly stating objectives and procedures to employees, confirming their rights, and specifying measures taken in case of positive results. Harmony between policies and legislation is necessary, emphasizing employee rights and striking a balance between security and individual dignity.
 
Suggestions: The social impact on an employee undergoing drug testing and showing positive results should be considered. Individuals using drugs often face discrimination and exclusion, and to avoid this, coherent legislative policies should be developed to balance the interests of the work environment with the rights and privacy of employees. This will help avoid injustice and negative effects on individuals who need support and assistance in changing their behavior.
Surgical Shunting Versus Trans-Jugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Recurrent Variceal Bleeding in Portal Hypertension Due to Liver Cirrhosis: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Magfira Nadya , Nurrafiani Arie Rozzaqi , Jasirwan Chyntia Olivia Maurine , Suhartono Raden
Published: January 2024

Aim: This evidence-based case report aims to determine whether the surgical shunt is better than the trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to prevent re-bleeding in patients with portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis.  Method: Literature searching was performed in 4 online databases, Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS. Three meta-analyses were appraised critically.Results: Of all meta-analyses included, the internal validities were poor and only included a small number of trials. However, the results show that surgical shunt is better for preventing variceal re-bleeding with varied heterogeneities.Conclusion: Surgical shunts may have benefits over TIPS in preventing variceal re-bleeding.
Acupuncture Effects on COVID -19 Long- Hauler Syndrome
Authors:   Middlesex Health, Calandruccio Amy
Published: January 2024

This study provides a foundation for future acupuncture research for COVID-19 long-hauler syndrome for the symptoms of dysgeusia, anosmia, and brain fog. Dissemination of information on acupuncture’s efficacy is needed.
Tetradic Model of the Human Psyche Incorporating Active versus Passive Mindfulness with Psychotherapeutic Applications
Authors:   Hede Research Consulting, Hede Andrew J
Published: January 2024

Three diverse composite case examples are presented which demonstrate how the proposed tetradic model can be applied in psychotherapeutic practice and can also be tested in future empirical research.
Analisis Jaringan Akses Fiber to The Home Menggunakan Teknologi Gigabit Passive Optical Network
Authors: Nurus Meida , Nurdiawa Odi , Martanto Martanto
Published: January 2024

Serat optic merupakan saluran transmisi atau jenis kabel yang terbuat dari kaca atau plastic yang sangat halus dan lebih kecil dari sehelai rambut, dan dapat digunakan untuk mentransmisikan sinyal cahaya dari suatu tempat ke tempat lain, sumber cahaya yang digunakan biasanya adalah laser atau LED. Teknologi fiber merupakan media yang tidak diragukan untuk menyediakan bandwidth yang besar, tidak dipengaruhi interferensi gelombang elektromagnetik, bebas korosi dan menyediakan rugi-rugi minimal untuk transportasi data. Sekarang ini kebanyakan dari backbone jaringan yang ada telah dikonstruksikan dengan fiber optik. Di dalam jaringan fiber optik masalah yang terjadi adalah perambatan cahaya yang kurang maksimal disebabkan oleh makrobending yang terjadi di sepanjang alur kabel atau jaringan. Kajian secara eksperimental untuk menganalisa redaman pada makrobending telah dilakukan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengukur perubahan nilai intensitas cahaya akibat adayanya gejala pembengkokan (bending) melalui perangkat Optical Power Meter. Penelitian dilakukan pada CV. Anugerah Tekhnik Pratama adalah penelitian asosiatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif. T-hitung sebesar 129.262, dan t-table sebesar 2.0057. Maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa T-hitung > dari T-table yakni sebesar 129.262> 2.0057. Hal tersebut berarti H0 diterima dan Ha ditolak  H0 : analisis jaringan akses fiber to the home (ftth) menggunakan teknologi gigabit passive optical network lebih besar dari 60 %.
Full section (pages 238-310)
Authors: Amir Lavie, Vardit Lightstone (Eds.)
Published: January 2024

Full section: No Better Home? Forum
O autorretrato possível de Ruy Belo
Authors: Jorge Ferreira Teresa
Published: January 2024

O poeta português Ruy Belo escreveu grande parte da sua obra durante a longa ditadura do Estado Novo. Esta obra é marcada por uma profunda busca existencial impregnada de desencanto em relação à realidade política e social portuguesa, na qual a censura afeta a consciência individual. É fora de Portugal que Ruy Belo escreve, ainda antes do fim da ditadura, o poema a que deu o título “Auto-retrato” e que apenas foi publicado postumamente. Confrontando este texto com “Nota do autor”, de País Possível, destaca-se a relevância de “Auto-retrato” no trabalho poético beliano, pela síntese de tópicos fundamentais desta obra.
Isto não é um útero. Outros modos de ser do signo em Angélica Freitas
Authors: Zular Roberto
Published: January 2024

Neste artigo, buscamos articular questões dos três livros de poemas publicados por Angélica Freitas. Nesse percurso, repleto de humor e erotismo, demos uma ênfase especial aos jogos de substituições que configuram de outro modo a existência dos signos.
(Des)figurações do feminino na poesia moderna e contemporânea
Authors: Lemos Masé , Bosi Viviana , Alves Ida
Published: January 2024

Apresentação à Texto Poético 41.
Caries of primary teeth in 3-7-year-olds in Poland in the period 2016-2019
Authors: Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota , Turska-Szybka Anna
Published: January 2024

Introduction. One in five children in Europe has primary teeth caries. Many reviews fail to present data for Poland. Aim. To assess the prevalence and level of caries in primary teeth and care index in children aged 3-7 years in Poland based on the results of epidemiological studies from 2016-2019. Material and methods. Clinical records of 1,638 3-year-olds, 893 5-year-olds, 999 6-year-olds, and 1002 7-year-olds participating in the program “Monitoring the Oral Health of the Polish Population in 2016–2020” were included in the analysis. The number of teeth examined, dmft and its components, dmfs, care index and % dmft > 0, and for 3- and 5-year-olds also the prevalence of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), were recorded. The chi square test was used in the statistical analysis, with significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. Results. Caries of primary teeth was present in 2,974 (65.6%) children (41.1% 3-year-olds, 76.8% 5-year-olds, 81.3% 6-year-olds, 80.0% 7-year-olds). It was more common in 3-year-old boys than in girls. In older groups, the level of caries was higher in boys and in rural areas. With the number of deciduous teeth decreasing with age, the dmft values were as follows: 1.85 ± 3.14, 4.70 ± 4.33, 4.66 ± 3.77, 4.37 ± 3.53, and dmfs values were as follows: 2.99 ± 6.56, 9.32 ± 11.60, 8.94 ± 9.91, 8.03 ± 8.78. The dt component accounted for 92% of dmft in 3-year-olds, 8.57% in 5-year-olds, 72.4% in 6-year-olds, and 73.6% in 7-year-olds. Conservative treatment needs were satisfied in 7-25% of patients. Conclusions. Caries in primary teeth affects most children in Poland. Most often it remains untreated. The prevalence and the level of caries increase with age. Male gender and living in rural areas may promote the development and severity of the disease.
Factors affecting dental caries development in primary dentition of pre-school children
Authors: Błachowska Magdalena , Opydo-Szymaczek Justyna , Torlińska-Walkowiak Natalia
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The assessment of factors influencing the development of tooth decay in children is the basis for the preparation of effective caries prophylaxis programs. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of tooth decay in preschool children living in two areas: with optimal and low fluoride content in drinking water, and to determine the influence of selected factors on the dental condition of the studied children. Material and methods. The study included a group of 73 children of both sexes aged 4-7 attending two private kindergartens: in Środa Wielkopolska (37 patients) and Turek (36 patients). The parents of the patients were asked to complete a questionnaire on diet, hygiene and caries prophylaxis. Oral health was assessed using a mirror, probe and headlamp. Oral hygiene was assessed using the plaque index (PlI) according to Silness and Löe, dental caries by calculating the number of primary teeth surfaces with caries, removed and filled due to caries (dmfs), and caries frequency by calculating the percentage of children with dmfs > 0. Statistical analyzes were performed with the use of STATISTICA (version 12.5.192.0, StatSoft, Poland), with the statistical significance level p < 0.05. Results. No statistically significant differences were found between the caries indices of primary teeth in both localities, except for the number of teeth surfaces removed due to caries, which was lower in Środa Wielkopolska (in an optimally fluoridated environment). The dmfs number in the examined children depended primarily on the effectiveness of daily hygiene procedures and diet. Conclusions. The results indicate the need for pro-health education with the implementation of correct hygienic and nutritional habits, also in families with high socio-economic status.
The Effect of the Addressee on the Text's Connotation in Abi Hayan Al-Andalusi's Tafseer ul-Bahr il-Muheet
Authors: No'man Nasrin Qusay , Saleem Maimuna Awni
Published: January 2024

The Addressee is considered the main part in the process of communication because the aim of speech is conveying a message to the addressee who decodes and analyses the message and who is the main goal which the speakers endeavor to achieve. As there is no text without a speaker, similarly, there is no text analysis and understanding without an addressee. Whatever nomination is given to the addressee, such as the receiver, the listener, or the hearer, all have only one meaning that indicates the part who receives the message and decodes it.
Abu Jalank Al-Halabi's Poetry
Authors: Al-Charrakh Abbas Hani , Husein Mahdiya Shaki
Published: January 2024

The paper studies one of the minor poets of the seventeenth century. He is from Damascus. He is Abu Jalank Ahmed Bin Abi Baker Al-Halabi. The poet is very famous of his excellent description. However, he has not been given his due of study by critics and no one collected his poems. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the poet's life and it examines the thematic and the aesthetic sides of his poetry which is composed in conventional metres and rhyme-schemes, well structured, delicate in expression and smoothly going. The second part is dedicated to collecting, editing and documenting his poetry relying on rare manuscripts, sources and printed works according to rules of sound scientific editing and verification.
Non-Linguistic Sounds and the Early Linguists
Authors: Mohammed Niran Kanaan , Qaddoori Sawsan Ghanim
Published: January 2024

This paper aims at examining the non-linguistic sounds as they were tackled by the earlier linguists. They were not directly concerned with this topic but they studied it randomly such as explaining an idea or citing an example about the organs of speech. Their neglect of this topic is due to their concern with phonological studies of the Holy Qur'an. Phonological studies, therefore, were mainly concerned with the Qur'anic readings and the accurate pronunciation of Arabic sounds as the Holy Qur'an was revealed to Prophet Mohammad. That is why phonological studies were not important for them because of their little benefit. However, the study of sounds in general recurred in linguistic books and books concerned with animals. Linguistic books relied mainly on watching and listening and then discerning the intention behind such sounds. This will be the concern of this paper which deals with sounds in general, their definition, and the difference between them and other linguistic sounds concerning their production and manner of articulation
Fourth Year College Teaching Practice Challenges from Student-teachers', Supervisors' and School Principals' Perspectives
Authors: Hamad Pakhshan Ismail
Published: January 2024

The present research attempts to find out the main challenges and problems faced by university fourth year students (henceforth called student-teachers) in their teaching practice. The sample of the study are 100 fourth year students at the English department, college of basic education and college of education at Salahaddin university during their teaching practice period. For data collection, two instruments have been used: a twenty seven close-ended item questionnaire and a seven open-ended questions interview for the student-teachers. The questionnaire consists of 27 items divided into three parts (student-teachers, supervisors and administrative). The interview consists of seven open ended questions. The collected data, then, are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that fourth year college students face three main challenges in teaching practice, lack of sufficient linguistic and teaching-related knowledge prior to actual teaching at schools, shortage of teaching practice duration, unavailability of teaching aid and administrative support from schools, student-teachers' and pupils' English level for understanding English instruction in class.
Systematicity of Language and Mathematics in Language Learning Faculty
Authors: Karim Aso Abdulrahman
Published: January 2024

From the perspective of applied linguistics, the study examines the relationship between language and mathematical language in learners' knowledge. These are two aspects each of which contributes to the learning process with its own scientific characteristics. In this regard, this research is entitled “Systematicity of Language and Mathematics in Language Learning Faculty”. Sixth grade high school students in the literary and scientific branches use both criteria within their branches. The aim of this study is to determine which of the learners of the literary and scientific branches make more and better use of these criteria to produce correct sentences. For this purpose, in the performance analysis section, statistical data obtained by students is used to assess the importance and value of mathematical language in enriching the faculty of learning and knowledge of mother tongue, and it should be also studied as learners’ international and second language.
A Feminist Study of Carol Ann Duffy's Poetry and the Concept of Feminine
Authors: Khalaf Saba Ali
Published: January 2024

Women's critique has focused on exposing the marginalization of women authors, suppression of the feminine voice, purposeful exclusion of females mostly from literary works, including stereotyping of females within male fiction as angels in heaven or mythical creatures or living creatures born only for kitchen area business in the first place from its inception. Scholars in feminist studies have also been looking into the documents of female authors since the early 1960s. Women's critique has shown that literary sexism can no longer be tolerated or justified. There are presently several great female poets whose poetry deserves to be recognized and appreciated by the general public. However, the female liberation movement sparked the publication of multiple separatist anthologies. It is indeed also behind the painfully shallow and odd attempt to establish those female poems are inherently different. Several commentators regard female poets as much more than poets; they are not just women, and yet simply women poets, saying by doing the same things that men poets have been saying and doing for far longer, as well as having the added opportunity to understand about women. The texts of the poems will be analyzed using feminist methodologies for this research study. As a result, the results linked with these methodologies will serve as the conceptual framework for the present study.
The impact of the S.N.I.P.S strategy on the achievement of fifth grade literary students in literature and texts and the development of their inferential thinking
Authors: Ahmed Ali Al-Azzawi Ahmed Fares
Published: January 2024

The current research aims to identify the impact of the S.N.I.P.S strategy on the achievement of fifth grade literary students in Literature and Texts and the development of their deductive thinking. In order to achieve the two goals of the research, the researcher relied on the experimental method in explaining the impact of the strategy. For this reason, the researcher formulated the appropriate hypotheses for his research. The current research was limited to students of the fifth literary grade in secondary schools for boys affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din for the academic year 2022-2023. The researcher relied on the experimental design, and the research sample consisted of (63) students from the fifth literary grade. In Al-Bahili Secondary School, there were (32) students in the experimental group and (31) students in the control group, and parity was conducted between the two research groups. The researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (35) items, which he applied at the end of the experiment. The researcher prepared a deductive thinking test consisting of (60) items. It was applied before the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and the validity, stability, and psychometric properties of the two tests were verified. The results showed: The students of the experimental group who studied according to the S.N.I.P.S strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the achievement test and deductive thinking.
Iranian EFL Teachers' Perception of Computer, Information, Multimedia Literacy, and Demographic Background
Authors: Sabeki Farzad , Bagheri Hossein , Nejati Ebrahim , Karimzadeh Rezvaneh
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the current study was to explore computer, information and multimedia literacy of Iranian EFL teachers with regard to their demographic background. In order to collect the data, Computer, Information, and Multimedia Literacy Questionnaire for EFL Teachers was distributed to 70 male and female Iranian EFL teachers from Sistan-Baluchestan and Hormozgan provinces. Demographic information of the teachers was operationalized through age, educational qualification, gender, and years of teaching experience. To analyze the data, a number of descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted. The results of the study revealed that there was a very weak positive relationship between CIM literacy and age of teachers. In addition, the findings confirmed that there was a significant difference among male and female teachers’ CIM literacy. Furthermore, CIM literacy was not significantly different among teachers with respect to their educational qualifications. This study addresses some pedagogical and theoretical implications as well.
The Conflicts of Social Phenomena and their reflection in Kurdish Literature, Mufti Penjweni’s Poems for instance
Authors: Saeed Naz Ahmad
Published: January 2024

As the poetry is the reflection of the poets thinking & meditation, in the History of Kurdish poetry, the aim was to illuminate the community, especially in the decades after the 20th century. It was the message and tool of changing. Therefore, the Kurdish poets had realized they would be able to raise awareness in society and making difference in life aspects through poetry. They believed they could introduce the community to the progression and prosperity of the other societies, values & new manners. This will have impacts on the psychology and senses of the readers and auditors. Definitely, accepting and welcoming these changes was not easy. That is why conflicts and struggles will occur between either the author and the community or the author and himself/ herself. This is an attempt to display these conflicts and express them through poetry and to what extent they could have influence on the individuals and make difference in the community. According to the above explanation, “The Conflicts of Social Phenomena in Mufti Penjweni’s Poems” will be the tile of this research so as to show the conflict which the mentioned poet had demonstrated through his poetry. The research has followed the descriptive & analytical school