bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brak obowiązku stawiennictwa oskarżyciela publicznego na rozprawie w kontekście podstawowych zasad procesu karnego
Authors: Limańska Aleksandra
Published: May 2021

The principle of legalism places upon the public prosecutor the obligation o pressing charges to a court of law and then to support this claim in the course of the lawsuit. It seems obvious that in order to execute this duty in an appropriate manner, the public prosecutor should attend the trial and actively participate in it. However, in regulation Art. 46 §2 k.p.k., which was introduced by way of an amendment issued on 11 March 2016, the legislator stipulated a regulation which permits the public prosecutor not to appear during the trial, if the preliminary legal proceedings concluded in the form of investigation. Obviously, the task of this regulation is to accelerate the proceedings in cases of lesser calibre, which are cases in which an investigation is conducted. However, it is necessary to consider the aforementioned regulation in the context of the basic principles of a criminal lawsuit and the analysis of the consequences of such regulations. Therefore, in the first instance one made reference to the most important regulations contained in the basis acts of international law, i.e. the European Convention of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which emphasise above all the significance of independence and impartiality, as well as the principle of a quick and efficient operation of the procedure. It was also necessary to refer the substantive regulation to the principle of the contradictoriness of the criminal lawsuit, which stipulates inter alia the separation of lawsuit-related roles and the passivity of the court in reference to the initiative of the parties who argue their cases.
Pozycja pokrzywdzonego na tle przepisów materialnego prawa wykroczeń
Authors: Sitarz Olga
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to establish to what extent discrepancies of substantive misdemeanour law (relating to criminal law), which stem from simplification of responsibility rules, impact the position of victim. There are no general rules and principles relating to formation of the position of victim in either criminal law or misdemeanour law. Only by analysing particular regulations of the both respective codes allows one to reconstruct the status of victim and confronting it on the plain of the two responsibility regimes in question. The said confrontation reveals far-reaching differences within the scope of victim’s position in substantive regulations of misdemeanour law, some of which weaken the victim’s position, while other – strengthen it. Although those differences vary to their weight, yet it seems that regulations restricting the presence of the figure of victim are more significant – they genuinely decrease the competence of a person to whom the harm was made. Amongst the said regulations, first and foremost, have to be counted those that relate to possibility of ruling compensatory penal measures, as well as regulations defining the periods of limitation (aside from other discussed regulations). The assumed dual model of responsibility within this scope, in some cases, compromises the principle of equality before the law enshrined in Article 32 paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
Pojęcie dowodu prywatnego i dokumentu prywatnego w polskim procesie karnym
Authors: Boch Błażej
Published: May 2021

The issues related to private evidence and documents in Polish criminal proceedings have for a long time been providing an impetus for many debates and disputes. In his text, the author analyses the opinions hitherto expressed in legal doctrine, and based on them he indicated how, in his opinion, the notions of “private evidence” and “private document” ought to be understood in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure. To this aim, he commences his consideration with an analysis of the notion of “evidence”, while stressing that it needs to be distinguished from such terms as “[a piece of] information” or “trace”. Further on, he discusses the distinction into “public [official]” and “private” evidence, and also presents his own definition of “private evidence” sensu stricto and sensu largo. Subsequently, the author proceeds to consider the notion of document in legal system, in particular in penal legal system, to eventually focus on the intended understanding of the notion of “private document” and the notion “reading aloud” included in Article 393 paragraph 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
The effects of infotainment on public reaction to North Korea using hybrid text mining: Content analysis, machine learning-based sentiment analysis, and co-word analysis
Authors: Park Sejung , Bier Lindsey M. , Park Han Woo
Published: May 2021

This study proposes alternative measures of infotainment’s effects on audience perception and reception of news on social media, focusing on infotainment coverage of North Korea. We determine the elements of framing strategies and narrative styles in facilitating public attention, positive and negative responses, and engagement in news content. We used the YouTube application programming interface to collect data from VideoMug, Korea’s most popular YouTube channel, run by the Seoul Broadcasting System. We examined 23,774 replies commenting on North Korea-related video clips from July 1, 2018, to May 17, 2019. The findings show that entertainment and human interest frames were effective in drawing public attention to news coverage about North Korea. Using humor and colloquial language facilitated public attention (both positive and negative) and public engagement. Over half (59.55%) of the comments generated positive emotions; less than one-third generated negative emotions (31.41%); and a few generated neutral ones (9.03%). The infotainment approach helped make South Koreans’ attitudes toward North Korea and inter-Korean relations more positive. A small number of users who served as top authorities were extremely partisan and conducted intense debates about infotainment practices. This study’s hybrid analytical framework using computerized text mining techniques offers both theoretical and methodological insights into the function of infotainment in the context of social media.
Impactos de treinamentos e aprendizagem organizacional: um levantamento das percepções de funcionários de uma instituição financeira
Authors: Dionisio Rubens De Aquino , Ferneda Edilson , De Campos Rodrigo Pires
Published: May 2021

Em nome da competitividade, e sob a premissa de sua relação direta com o conhecimento e a aprendizagem formal, instituições financeiras promovem, de forma permanente, capacitações para seus quadros de funcionários, como parte de suas estratégias organizacionais. O problema de pesquisa está relacionado às estratégias atuais de assimilação e utilização de conhecimento e a forma de avaliação dos impactos de treinamentos de uma instituição financeira. Busca-se responder a seguinte questão: Quais são as percepções de impactos de treinamentos entre funcionários de uma instituição financeira? Foi realizado um levantamento na rede atacado de uma instituição financeira e utilizou-se a abordagem quantitativa para investigação da pesquisa. Foi aplicado um questionário a uma população selecionada formada por administradores de agências que haviam passado por um treinamento específico. Os resultados mostraram que a instituição estudada tem apoiado a aplicação do treinamento e disponibilizado as informações necessárias para aplicação dos conhecimentos adquiridos no curso. Ainda com base nas percepções entre os funcionários, evidenciou-se que o impacto de treinamentos, em particular em relação ao aprimoramento profissional, tem sido positivo para o indivíduo e a Instituição.
C-Fos Digital Expression Analysis in Human PapillomavirusRelated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chrysovergis Aristeidis , Papanikolaou Vasileios , Mastronikolis Nicholas , Spyropoulou Despoina , Adamopoulou Maria , Tsiambas Evangelos , Ragos Vasileios , Peschos Dimitrios , Roukas Dimitrios , Stavraka Chara , Niotis Athanasios , Kyrodimos Efthymios
Published: May 2021

Background: Fos Proto-Oncogene (c-Fos) represents a well analyzed gene involved in solid malignancies’ development and progression. The corresponding protein forms heterodimer with c-jun, a strong transcription factor. C-Fos/c-Jun complex influences critically the intracellular signal transduction to the nucleus. Our aim was to detect and evaluate c-Fos protein expression patterns in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) tissues. Materials and Methods: Fifty (n=50) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary OSCCs tissue sections were used. Immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis were implemented for identifying and evaluating c-Fos protein expression levels, respectively. Results: C-Fos protein over expression (moderate to high imunostaining intensity values) was observed in 28/50 (56%) tissue cores, whereas low expression rates were detected in the rest of the examined cases (22/50- 44%). C-Fos overall expression was strongly associated with the stage and grade of the examined tumors (p=0.014, p=0.003, respectively) and also with Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infection (p=0.004). c-Fos up regulation is frequently observed in OSCCs. Conclusion: C-Fos high expression levels are correlated with an aggressive phenotype (advanced stage/lymph node metastasis) in patients with OSCC, especially in HPV positive cases, especially High Risk subtypes. Due to its elevated oncogenic activity, c-Fos should be a target for novel therapeutic strategies in OSCC combined or not with other oncogenes involving in signaling transduction pathways.
SYNCING THE CHRONICLES OF ROME AND EGYPT
Authors: Kubarev V.
Published: May 2021

Based on a thorough analysis of details of military campaigns and astronomical phenomena from the chronicles of Ancient and New Rome, Ancient Egypt and Persian sources, the author confirmed the chronological shift in the history of Ancient Egypt by 1780 years in the past. The author also revealed the complot of historians to conceal the existence of Ancient Egypt in I millennium by masking the deeds of the Egyptian Pharaohs of the New Kingdom for the non-existent activity of the Kings of the Sasanian Empire.
Une fiscalité française vert pâle : périmètre et enjeux financiers
Authors: Bin Fabrice
Published: May 2021

Après avoir observé les deux approches possibles et complémentaires de la fiscalité de l’environnement, son périmètre et ses enjeux financiers seront échelonnés en trois cercles concentriques.
Odontología digital al alcance de todos
Authors: Villavicencio-Caparó Emilio
Published: May 2021

Un nuevo término a surgido en odontología "ﬂujo digital", que consiste en el proceso por el cual escanea tridimensionalmente un modelo convencional de yeso o directamente las piezas dentales del paciente y esta imagen se procesa en computadora con la ﬁnalidad de auscultar de manera precisa las condiciones de las piezas dentarias y tejidos circundantes para llegar a un diagnóstico que puede ser complementado por sobre posición de otras imágenes ( tomografía, radiografías digitales y fotografías), luego se planiﬁca el tratamiento asistido por el ordenador y posteriormente se realiza la elaboración de restauraciones, guías quirúrgicas, prototipos o aparatos ﬁjos o removibles.
What is the Role and Nature of Language and Language Development?
Authors: Benati Alessandro
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the role and nature of language and language development will be discussed. Research and theory in second language acquisition has demonstrated that (i) language is an abstract, implicit and complex system. Input (ii) plays a key role in language development; despite the fact that some knowledge of language is innate (iii). Overall, language development (iv) is ordered and stage-like and instruction (v) has a limited role. Theoretical and pedagogical implications will be highlighted.
Estructura Factorial de la Escala de Riesgo de Violencia de Plutchik (ERVP): Propiedades psicométricas y diferencias en función a variables sociodemográficas en universitarios limeños
Authors: Espinoza María del Carmen , Burga Andrés , Okumura Alvaro
Published: May 2021

Based on the current increase in levels of citizen violence, it is relevant to standardize instruments for identifying crime-related risk factors in youth population. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the psychometric properties of Plutchik’s Violence Risk Scale (PVRS). The PVRS Spanish version was linguistically adapted to local terminology, and subsequently examined by eight judges. It was administered to 1052 university students from Lima, who ranged from 16 to 37 years old. The exploratory factor analysis showed a single-factor structure, which differs from the three-factor Spanish version. It was applied the Rasch model of Andrich’s Rating Scale because of its unidimensionality, identifying sex differential functioning of three items. Reliability was obtained through coefficient omega, whose value was .70; 95% CI [.63, .77]. In conclusion, the PVRS has suitable psychometric properties and appears to be a good alternative to screen the risk of violence in populations similar to the one studied.
Análisis psicométrico de una medida ultra-breve para el engagement académico: UWES-3S
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio Alexis , Fernández-Arata Manuel , Seperak-Viera Rosa
Published: May 2021

The aim was to analyze the equivalence between the 17- and 9-items versions of the Utrech Work Engagement Scale - Student (UWES-S) and the UWES-3S, from an internal analysis (association between versions) and external (associations with exhaustion emotional, academic self-efficacy and sex). The research was quantitative and instrumental. Were evaluated 497 university students (63.4% women; Mage = 20.44; SDage = 3.18) from various professional careers of a private university in Arequipa (region of southern Peru). The results shows that the UWES-9S and UWES-17S are invariant across men and women. Likewise, the association between the UWES-3S and the more extensive versions of the UWES was high (rcorrected > .80). On the other hand, the three versions presented significant associations with emotional exhaustion and academic self-efficacy (r > .20), as well as sex (d > .20), and the magnitude of each association in the UWES-3S did not differ statistically from the found in the other versions. In addition, the reliability indicators were satisfactory and similar (rij > .40). Then, the UWES-3S is an equivalent version to the extensive versions in Peruvian university students.
Chondroitin sulfate: treatment tactics in osteoarthritis
Authors:   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Alabut A.V.
Published: May 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common among all musculoskeletal disorders, becoming the main cause of chronic pain, impaired static and dynamic function and disability among the elderly, and represents the main burden for public health worldwide. Modern pharmacological treatment methods of OA are focused on reducing the disease symptoms and the pain syndrome intensity. One method in this direction is the use of symptom-modifying slow-acting drugs, which have shown promising positive effects on pain and other OA symptoms. The article presents an overview of the main experimental and clinical studies, and meta-analyses devoted to the evaluation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) efficacy and safety as one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of OA. Some studies are devoted to the assessment of structural changes in articular cartilage during CS and placebo therapy, while others focus on the dynamics of pain syndrome and the degree of functional insufficiency, and on the assessment of the incidence and time of delayed knee replacement. The place of CS in the structure of EULAR and ESCEO recommendations is considered. KEYWORDS: osteoarthritis, chondroitin sulfate, symptom-modifying slow-acting drugs, medial condyle, articular cartilage thickness, articular replacement. FOR CITATION: Alabut A.V. Chondroitin sulfate: treatment tactics in osteoarthritis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(2):102–106. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-2-102-106.
Exploring BERT for Aspect Extraction in Portuguese Language
Authors: Lopes Émerson , Correa Ulisses , Freitas Larissa
Published: May 2021

Sentiment Analysis is the computer science field that comprises techniques that aim to automatically extract opinions from texts. Usually, these techniques assign a Sentiment Orientation to the whole document (Document Level Sentiment Analysis). But a document can express sentiment about several aspects of an entity. Methods that extract those aspects, paired with the sentiment about them, operate in the Aspect Level. Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis approaches can be split into two stages: Aspect Extraction and Aspect Sentiment Classification. The literature presents works mainly focused on reviews about hotels, smartphones, or restaurants. In this work, we present an approach for Aspect Extraction based on Multilingual (Google's) and Portuguese (BERTimbau) BERT pre-trained models. Our experiments show that Aspect Extraction based on BERT pre-trained for Portuguese achieved Balanced Accuracy of up to 93% on a corpus of reviews about the accommodation sector.
Research Challenges in Designing Differentially Private Text Generation Mechanisms
Authors: Feyisetan Oluwaseyi , Aggarwal Abhinav , Xu Zekun , Teissier Nathanael
Published: May 2021

Accurately learning from user data while ensuring quantifiable privacy guarantees provides an opportunity to build better ML models while maintaining user trust. Recent literature has demonstrated the applicability of a generalized form of Differential Privacy to provide guarantees over text queries. Such mechanisms add privacy preserving noise to vectorial representations of text in high dimension and return a text based projection of the noisy vectors. However, these mechanisms are sub-optimal in their trade-off between privacy and utility.

In this proposal paper, we describe some challenges in balancing this trade-off. At a high level, we provide two proposals: (1) a framework called LAC which defers some of the noise to a privacy amplification step and (2), an additional suite of three different techniques for calibrating the noise based on the local region around a word. Our objective in this paper is not to evaluate a single solution but to further the conversation on these challenges and chart pathways for building better mechanisms.
Dynamic Domain Sizes in Temporal Probabilistic Relational Models
Authors: Finke Nils , Braun Tanya , Gehrke Marcel , Möller Ralf
Published: May 2021

Probabilistic dynamic relational models (PDRMs) allow for an expressive, yet sparse and efficient representation of uncertain temporal (dynamic) and relational information with a fixed (static) set of domain objects (entities). While for different points in time, information about objects may differ, the set of objects under consideration is the same for all time points in standard PDRMs. Motivated by examples from a logistics application, in this paper we extend the theory of PDRMs with dynamically changing sets of domain objects. The paper introduces the semantics of so-called PD2RMs and analyses model management as well as query answering problems and algorithms.
A Study on Multiple Tasks for e-Commerce Marketplaces
Authors: Cardellino Cristian , Carrascosa Rafael
Published: May 2021

In an e-Commerce marketplace, there are multiple tasks that need to be addressed in a day-to-day basis. Some tasks such as product recommendations and product search take a fundamental role in the overall experience a user has on the site. There are however a multitude of lesser known tasks which are also relevant for the business and that need to be addressed with a comparatively smaller investment in teams and quality datasets. Examples of such tasks are the detection of counterfeit or forbidden items, the estimation of package sizes, etc. In this work we study a set of different baseline models and how they work across different tasks that come from real world data.
Detection Of Vacant Parking Spaces Through The Use Of Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Singh Christopher , Christoforou Christoforos
Published: May 2021

This paper focuses on the application of computer vision and convolutional neural network techniques in the automotive industry to reduce the amount of time required to locate a vacant parking spot and to reduce driving time. The main motivation for a vacant parking spot detector is such that today’s drivers are facing major difficulties in finding available spots in largely populated cities. This often time leads to increased congestion and frustration for the driver because they are forced to continue their search for a parking spot. Our approach is able to solve this issue and provide the driver with useful information through the use of transfer learning methodologies. The main contribution of this paper is to examine and improve on previously implemented transfer learning methods in order to better increase the detection accuracy. This paper differs from previous attempts such that it considers all environmental factors such as weather and time of day. Other models are not able to handle these conditions with a high accuracy and subsequently falter. When compared to previous attempts, our implementation focuses solely on the reliance of transfer learning. The results indicate that our model is capable of identifying vacant parking spaces under all conditions with competitive accuracies. The proposed model is able to surpass the accuracy of the latest attempt at solving this issue.
Confusion detection using cognitive ability tests
Authors: Dakoure Caroline , Benlamine Mohamed Sahbi , Frasson Claude
Published: May 2021

It is of great importance to detect users’ confusion in a variety of situations such as orientation, reasoning, learning, and memorization. Confusion affects our ability to make decisions and can lower our cognitive ability. This study examines whether a confusion recognition model based on EEG features, recorded on cognitive ability tests, can be used to detect three levels (low, medium, high) of confusion. This study also addresses the extraction of additional features relevant to classification. We compare the performance of the K-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector memory (SVM), and long short-term memory (LSTM) models. Results suggest that confusion can be efficiently recognized with EEG signals (78.6% accuracy in detecting a confused/unconfused state and 68.0% accuracy in predicting the level of confusion). Implications for educational situations are discussed.
Evaluation of Unsupervised Entity and Event Salience Estimation
Authors: Lu Jiaying , Choi Jinho D
Published: May 2021

Salience Estimation aims to predict term importance in documents.Due to few existing human-annotated datasets and the subjective notion of salience, previous studies typically generate pseudo-ground truth for evaluation. However, our investigation reveals that the evaluation protocol proposed by prior work is difficult to replicate, thus leading to few follow-up studies existing. Moreover, the evaluation process is problematic: the entity linking tool used for entity matching is very noisy, while the ignorance of event argument for event evaluation leads to boosted performance. In this work, we propose a light yet practical entity and event salience estimation evaluation protocol, which incorporates the more reliable syntactic dependency parser. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive analysis among popular entity and event definition standards, and present our own definition for the Salience Estimation task to reduce noise during the pseudo-ground truth generation process. Furthermore, we construct dependency-based heterogeneous graphs to capture the interactions of entities and events. The empirical results show that both baseline methods and the novel GNN method utilizing the heterogeneous graph consistently outperform the previous SOTA model in all proposed metrics.
Identifying High-Risk Workspaces during COVID-19 using Machine Learning
Authors: Drennan Lex , Chesser Matthew , Lozano Jorge , Carrier Erin
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc worldwide, on both public health and the worldwide economy. While necessary, quarantine and social distancing requirements have left many companies unable to reopen their offices in a safe manner. We present a model capable of identifying workspaces at high risk for COVID-19 disease transmission and illustrate how existing techniques for quantifying uncertainty in machine learning can be applied to assess the reliability of these predictions. This model is developed using a dataset created by leveraging historical sales data and detailed product information, and it is in the process of being utilized to identify customers to whom to reach out to facilitate the retrofitting of workspaces to support a safe return to the office.
Hysteresis in Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Authors: Guan Yuling , Li Ang , Koenig Sven , Haas Stephan , Kumar T. K. Satish
Published: May 2021

Hysteresis is a physical phenomenon reflected in macroscopic observables of materials that are subjected to external perturbations. For example, magnetic hysteresis is observed in ferromagnetic metals such as iron, nickel and cobalt in the presence of a changing external magnetic field. In this paper, we model hysteresis using combinatorial models of microscopic spin interactions, for which we invoke the top K solution framework for Ising models and their generalizations, called Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problems (WCSPs). We show that the WCSP model with a simple "memory effect" can be used to understand hysteresis combinatorially and from the perspective of statistical mechanics. Compared to the basic Ising model, the WCSP framework allows accurate simulations of long-range and k-body interactions between the spins; and compared to other simulation frameworks, such as Monte Carlo methods, our WCSP framework has the advantage of using a principled statistical mechanics perspective. Our WCSP framework also allows us to understand hysteresis more generally in combinatorial optimization problems, with or without a connection to physically occurring phenomena.
Multilingual Automatic Term Extraction in Low-Resource Domains
Authors: LE NGOC TAN , Sadat Fatiha
Published: May 2021

With the emergence of the neural networks-based approaches, research on information extraction has benefited from large-scale raw texts by leveraging them using pre-trained embeddings and other data augmentation techniques to deal with challenges and issues in Natural Language Processing tasks. In this paper, we propose an approach using sequence-to-sequence neural networks-based models to deal with term extraction for low-resource domain. Our empirical experiments, evaluating on the multilingual ACTER dataset provided in the LREC-TermEval 2020 shared task on automatic term extraction, proved the efficiency of deep learning approach, in the case of low-data settings, for the automatic term extraction task.
A Neutral Rewrite Mutation Operator for Genetic Programming applied to Boolean Domain Problems
Authors: Vitel Dmytro , Gaspar Alessio , Wiegand Paul
Published: May 2021

The effect of semantically neutral tree rewrites is analyzed in the context of genetic programming applied to Boolean domain problems. Different setups of the proposed Neutral Rewrite Operator are studied from the perspective of improving performance.
Efficient Reasoning upon Fusion of Many Data Sources
Authors: Yakaboski Chase Alexander , Santos Eugene
Published: May 2021

Bayesian Knowledge Bases (BKB), a graphical model for representing structured probabilistic information, allow for efficient fusion of knowledge from multiple sources. Past research has focused on knowledge fusion situations that only involve a limited number of sources. In this work, we extend the BKB fusion research by exploring the effect of fusing information from many sources. This extension quickly yields a reasoning bottleneck that we overcome by leveraging a representation modification algorithm.  With this algorithm, we show how reasoning complexity upon fusion of many sources can be significantly reduced while maintaining the underlying probability semantics of all sources. This develops a means for BKBs to be used in various data fusion problems, allowing previously intractable problems to be studied. We further illustrate our solution empirically using two simulated problems as well as practically through survival time analysis of breast cancer data taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Program.
Tracing Topic Transitions with Temporal Graph Clusters
Authors: Jing Xiaonan , Hu Qingyuan , Zhang Yi , Rayz Julia Taylor
Published: May 2021

Twitter serves as a data source for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. It can be challenging to identify topics on Twitter due to continuous updating data stream. In this paper, we present an unsupervised graph based framework to identify the evolution of sub-topics within two weeks of real-world Twitter data. We first employ a Markov Clustering Algorithm (MCL) with a node removal method to identify optimal graph clusters from temporal Graph-of-Words (GoW). Subsequently, we model the clustering transitions between the temporal graphs to identify the topic evolution. Finally, the transition flows generated from both computational approach and human annotations are compared to ensure the validity of our framework.
Domain Model Discovery from Textbooks for Computer Programming Intelligent Tutors
Authors: Banjade Rabin , Oli Priti , Tamang Lasang Jimba , Chapagain Jeevan , Rus Vasile
Published: May 2021

We present a novel approach to intro-to-programming domain model discovery from textbooks using an over-generation and ranking strategy. We first extract candidate key phrases from each chapter in a Computer Science textbook focusing on intro-to-programming and then rank those concepts according to a number of metrics such as the standard tf-idf weight used in information retrieval and metrics produced by other text ranking algorithms. Specifically, we conduct our work in the context of developing an intelligent tutoring system for source code comprehension for which a specification of the key programming concepts is needed - the system monitors students' performance on those concepts and scaffolds their learning process until they show mastery of the concepts. Our experiments with programming concept instruction from Java textbooks indicate that the statistical methods such as KP Miner method are quite competitive compared to other more sophisticated methods. Automated discovery of domain models will lead to more scalable Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) across topics and domains, which is a major challenge that needs to be addressed if ITSs are to be widely used by millions of learners across many domains.
Understanding Emojis for Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Yoo Byungkyu , Rayz Julia Taylor
Published: May 2021

Many people use emojis to express themselves in a more clear and efficient way and the usage of such expressions has grown significantly. In recent years, there have been many research papers that analyze the meanings of individual emojis or show the accuracy of sentiment analysis when emojis are included. However, there is limited research done on understanding how emojis are used to show sentiment and how it affects sentiment analysis. In this paper, we analyze the usage of emojis in Tweets and their effects on the overall sentiment of the Tweet. We also introduce a pre-processing method for emojis that increases the effect of emojis and as a result, improves the sentiment analysis accuracy.
Análises Comparativas De Índices De Seca Meteorológica Para O Polo De Petrolina, PE, E Juazeiro, BA
Authors: Almeida Hermes Alves de , Marques Maysa Porto Farias
Published: May 2021

As estiagens e as seca são fenômenos naturais que afetam, drasticamente, a ambiência e as atividades agropecuárias e econômicas. No nordeste brasileiro, especificamente, no semiárido, a ocorrência de um ou do outro tem afetado, diretamente, o abastecimento de água para consumo humano e dessendentação animal e as atividades produtivas, cuja causa principal é a irregularidade no regime de chuvas. Para monitorar a ocorrência de seca meteorológica, no recorte geográfico da Região Administrativa Integrada de Desenvolvimento do Polo de Petrolina, PE, e Juazeiro, BA, utilizaram-se os índices de monitoramento de seca meteorológica: Porcentagem Normal (IPN), de Anomalia de Chuva (IAC), de chuva de Lang (ICL) e o padronizado de precipitação modificado (SPIM), sendo as determinações e comparações os objetivos principais. Para realização deste trabalho, utilizou-se as séries de mensais de precipitação pluvial, extraídos diretamente do site da Embrapa semiárido, correspondente o período de 01.01.1975 a 31.12.2018. Utilizando-se os critérios da estatística descritiva e climatologia foram estabelecidos os regimes pluviais- mensais, sazonais, anuais e decadais- e em seguida calculados os respectivos índices de seca meteorológica e comparados entre si. Os principais resultados indicaram que o regime de chuvas é irregular, assimétrico e a curta estação chuvosa, em ambas as localidades ocorrem, predominantemente, no verão e inicio do outono (dez-mar), e chove o equivalente a 86,0 % do total anual, em Petrolina, e 91,0 %, em Juazeiro. A década mais seca foi a de 1990, embora a mais chuvosa em Petrolina tenha ocorrido na de 1980 e a de Juazeiro, em 2000. As oscilações nas médias da precipitação pluvial, nas três últimas décadas, estão dentro do intervalo de dispersão da média (média ± o desvio padrão) e, portanto, não há indícios de mudança no regime pluvial. Contatou-se que há sequências de meses e anos com anomalias negativas nas décadas estudadas. Os índices de secas meteorológica permitem enquadrar as categorias/tipos de secas, embora as nomenclaturas sejam especificas do método. O índice de seca de Lang, não expressa adequadamente às condições do regime pluvial e/ou à categoria da seca.
МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ РИНКУ СТРАХУВАННЯ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19
Authors: Татарин Наталія , Лопушанський Ростислав , Лука Павло
Published: May 2021

Стаття присвячена тенденціям розвитку українського страхового ринку в реаліях пандемії COVID-19, який залишається важливою складовою фінансового ринку країни. Здійснено аналіз динаміки функціонування вітчизняного ринку послуг за попередні роки. Відображено вплив пандемії на кожну сферу страхування. Авторами зроблено дослідження поточної діяльності вітчизняних страхових компаній, їх оперативність застосування інструментів та нових продуктів як відповідь на вплив коронавірусу. Досліджено особливості програм, які забезпечують фінансову підтримку в разі захворювання COVID-19. Розглянуто позитивні та негативні наслідки впливу пандемії на розвиток страхового ринку в Україні. Висвітлено як саме відреагував український страховий ринок, наведено перспективні та пріоритетні напрямки його стабілізації.
Changes in Transit Accessibility to Food Banks in Toronto during COVID-19
Authors: Allen Jeff , Farber Steven
Published: May 2021

Food banks provide an essential lifeline for those experiencing food insecurity. In Toronto, Canada, 21 new food bank locations opened between February, 2020 and May, 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we measure and map how this has improved public transit accessibility to food banks, with a focus on improvements among low-income residents. We find that the percent of low-income residents that can reach a food bank within a 20 minute one-way transit trip improved from 50% to 60% during this time period.
Economic Performance and Competitiveness Indicators: The Case of African Economies
Authors: Pošta Vít , Nečadová Marta
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a statistical analysis of the relationship between economic performance and competitiveness indicators to address the question of the extent to which competitiveness indicators provideuseful information when assessing economic performance. The analysis was performed on various examples of African economies. The possible relationships between economic performance and competitiveness indicators were examined by extending a basic relationship between economic performance per capita and investment by competitiveness indicators. The models were estimated by means of an Arellano-Bond estimator. The authors detected many statistically significant relationships between economic performance and competitiveness indicators in the cases of both the whole sample and specifically middle-income economies. However, in the case of low-income economies there are no discernible relationships between economic performance and the information included in the competitiveness indicators. The paper contributes to the analysis of the economic performance of African economies, for which the empirical evaluation of possible links between economic performance and competitiveness indicators is altogether missing.
Cognición y meta-cognición en la enseñanza de la matemática desde el pensamiento transmoderno: ¡un momento, 1 + 1 = 2, no es tan evidente en la enseñanza!
Authors: Lemus Maestre José Gregorio
Published: May 2021

Resumen: La investigación se enmarca en la línea de investigación: Integración comunitaria decolonial, pedagogía y evaluación en la formación de profesionales docentes con el objetivo complejo de analizar en la docencia el desarrollo cognitivo y meta cognitivo desde el aprendizaje matemático decolonial, transcomplejo como re-apertura de pensamiento. Se trata de un atrevimiento subversivo para involucrarse en las prácticas de los docentes de matemática, bajo el transmétodo de la hermenéutica comprensiva ecosófica y diatópica inédito de Rodríguez (2020), para ello se disciernen en los pasos de Santos (2003): el analítico, empírico y propositivo. Todo bajo la premisa que enseñar matemática no es tan evidente como cuando expresémonos que 1 + 1 = 2; los aspectos conclusivos de apertura, revelan una didáctica bancaria, donde la cognición y metacognición en el interior de los recintos educativos canaliza al estudiante en entes apáticos, silentes y sumisos; así, se plantea el rescate decolonial del sujeto educador.Palabras clave: Cognición; Meta-cognición; Evidente; Enseñanza de la matemática; Pensamiento transmoderno. Cognition and meta-cognition in the teaching of mathematics from transmodern thought: one moment, 1 + 1 = 2, is not so evident in the teaching! Abstract: The research is framed in the research line: decolonial community integration, pedagogy and evaluation in the training of teaching professionals with the aim of analyzing teaching - decolonial mathematical learning as a re-opening of thought. It is a subversive dare to get involved in the practices of mathematics teachers, under the unprecedented Echographic and Diatopic Comprehensive Hermeneutics of Rodríguez (2020), for this they are discerned in the steps of Santos (2003): the analytical, empirical and purposeful. Everything under the premise that teaching mathematics is not as evident as when we express that 1 + 1 = 2; the conclusive opening aspects reveal a banking didactics, where cognition and metacognition inside educational facilities channel the student into apathetic, silent and submissive entities; thus, the decolonial rescue of the educating subject is proposed.Keywords: Cognition; Metacognition; Evident; Teaching of mathematics; Transmodern thinking.
Identidades de gênero e sexuais: análise das percepções de formandos em licenciatura em ciências biológicas
Authors: Alvarenga Marco Túlio Costa , Allain Luciana Resende , Fernandes Geraldo Wellington Rocha
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O presente trabalho trata da temática educação e sexualidade na formação de professores de Ciências e Biologia e apresenta como foco as múltiplas identidades de gênero e sexuais. O trabalho teve como objetivo geral identificar a percepção dos formandos de um curso de Ciências Biológicas sobre seu preparo para lidar com as questões referentes às identidades de gênero e sexuais. Na pesquisa, utilizou-se da técnica de Grupos Focais para a coleta dos dados e a Análise Textual Discursiva como metodologia de análise. Verificamos que, embora estejam em um curso de formação de professores, há grande escassez de oportunidades para discutirem essa temática, tanto no curso quanto na universidade como um todo. Em consequência disso, os acadêmicos relatam não se sentirem preparados para abordar o assunto com seus futuros educandos, o que pode trazer prejuízos para a formação dos estudantes da educação básica, numa perspectiva emancipatória e de equidade.Palavras-chave: Formação de professores; Identidades de gênero; Identidades sexuais. Gender and sexual identities: analysis of the perceptions of graduates in biological sciences teaching courseAbstract: The study has the theme, of education and sexuality in the formation of Science and Biology teachers and focuses on multiple gender and sexual identities. The work had as general objective to identify the perception of the graduates of a Biological Sciences course about their preparation to deal with issues related to gender and sexual identities. In the research, it was used the technique of Focus Groups for data collection and Textual Discursive Analysis as an analysis methodology. We found that, although they are in a teacher formation course, there is a shortage of opportunities to discuss this topic, both in the course and at the university as a whole. As a result of this, academics report that they do not feel prepared to approach the subject with their future students, which can harm the education of basic education students, in an emancipatory and equity perspective.Keywords: Teacher education; Gender identities; Sexual identities.
Gamificação no ensino de astronomia
Authors: Rocha Roger Broetto , Da Silva Lucio Martins Fassini , Piumbini Cleiton Kenup , Buffon Luiz Otavio , Barros Marconi Frank
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar uma atividade didática, realizada no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), envolvendo o ensino de Astronomia numa turma do primeiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola do município de Vitória, ES. A atividade foi planejada e executada pelo subprojeto do Curso de Licenciatura em Física do IFES – Campus Cariacica. A metodologia foi baseada na Gamificação aplicada ao ensino-aprendizagem. A intervenção ocorreu em três etapas, sendo a primeira realizada em dois encontros, através de apresentações dialogadas sobre Astronomia usando slides e gifs, a segunda consistiu na aplicação da Gamificação através de um jogo e finalizando com a terceira etapa, foi aplicado um pequeno questionário. Ao final houve um momento de avaliação e as análises constataram que o ensino de Astronomia através da atividade gamificada do jogo conseguiu motivar os alunos, despertar o interesse pelo assunto e produzir indícios de aprendizagem.Palavras-chave: Gamificação em sala de aula; Ensino de Astronomia; PIBID. Gamification in astronomy teachingAbstract: This work aims to report on a didactic activity, carried out in the Institutional Program for Teaching Initiation Scholarships (PIBID), involving the teaching of Astronomy in a class of the first year of high school at a school in the city of Vitória, ES. The activity was carried out by the subproject of the Physics Degree Course at IFES - Campus Cariacica. The intervention took place in three stages, the first being in two meetings, through dialogued presentations on Astronomy using slides and gifs, the second consisted of the application of Gamification through a game and ending with the third stage, a small questionnaire was applied. At the end there was a moment of evaluation and the analyzes found that the teaching of Astronomy through the gamified activity of the game managed to motivate students, arouse interest in the subject and produce evidence of learning.Keywords: Gamification activity in the classroom; Astronomy teaching; PIBID.
O uso de tecnologias digitais no ensino de matemática nos anos iniciais
Authors: Roland Laura Benevides , Clesar Caroline Tavares de Souza
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O uso dos computadores e dispositivos móveis associados à internet vem ganhando espaço nas escolas de educação básica como ferramentas didáticas utilizadas para auxiliar a aprendizagem dos educandos. Assim sendo, a presente investigação, de cunho qualitativo-exploratória apoiada em estudo de caso, teve como objetivo identificar a presença e o uso de Laboratório de Informática (LI) no ensino de Matemática nos anos iniciais em escolas públicas e privadas do município de Alegrete/RS. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas: I) levantamento de dados; II) observação não participante das práticas docentes no LI; e III) entrevista. Os resultados revelaram que a maior parte dos professores observados não realiza um planejamento didático-pedagógico para as atividades a serem desenvolvidas no LI. Destaca-se a importância da fluência digital e do domínio do conteúdo para o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas criativas e contextualizadas, bem como o aporte de infraestrutura e formação continuada.Palavras-chave: Laboratório de Informática; Tecnologias Digitais; Ensino de Matemática; Prática docente. The use of digital technologies in the teaching of mathematics in the elementary school Abstract: The use of computers and mobile devices associated with the Internet has been gaining ground in basic education schools as teaching tools used to help the learning of students. Thus, the present qualitative-exploratory investigation, supported by a case study, aimed to identify the presence and use of Computer Laboratory in the teaching of Mathematics in the elementary school in public and private schools in the city of Alegrete-RS. For this, the research was carried out in three stages: I) data collection; II) observation of teaching practices in the Computer Laboratory; and III) interview. The results revealed that most of the teachers observed do not carry out a didactic-pedagogical planning to work in the Computer Laboratory with their students. From the interview conducted, we highlight the importance of digital fluency and content domain for the development of creative and contextualized pedagogical practices, as well as the contribution of infrastructure and continuing education. Keywords: Computer Lab; Digital Technologies; Mathematics teaching; Teaching practice.
Differences in expression of calcium binding proteins in the perirhinal and retrosplenial cortex of the rat
Authors: Salaj M , Barinka F , Kubová H , Druga R
Published: May 2021

The main aim was to describe interneuronal population expressing calcium binding proteins calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) in the perirhinal (PRC) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortex of the rat. These two cortical areas differ strikingly in their connectivity and function, which could be caused also by different structure of the interneuronal populations. Having a precise knowledge of the cellular composition of any cerebral area forms one of the basic input parameters and tenets for computational modelling of neuronal networks and for understanding some pathological conditions, like generating and spreading of epileptic activity. PRC possesses higher absolute and relative densities of CR+ and PV+ neurons than RSC, but the CR : PV ratio is higher in the RSC, which is similar to the neocortex. The bipolar/bitufted neurons are most common type of CR+ population, while the majority of PV+ neurons show multipolar morphology. Current results indicate that main difference between analysed areas is in density of CR+ neurons, which was significantly higher in the PRC. Our results coupled with works of other authors show that there are significant differences in the interneuronal composition and distribution of heretofore seemingly similar transitional cortical areas. These results may contribute to the better understanding of the mechanism of function of this cortical region in normal and diseased states.