bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) Mediated LPS‐Induced Inflammation in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of JNK
Authors: Wang Xian , Chen Xin , Gao Jie , Jin Zuolin
Published: December 2024

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) molecule is an important type of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels, which can cause extracellular Ca2+ to flow into cells after activation. TRPA1 plays an important role in acute and chronic pain, inflammation, kidney disease, cough and asthma, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and other diseases. In this study, the expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effect of LPS on PDLSCS proliferation were detected. Meanwhile, the change in TRPA1 expression in PDLSCs treated by LPS was also assessed. By knocking down the expression of TRPA1 and using the TRPA1 antagonist HC‐030031, the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 in PDLSCs treated by LPS was downregulated. After LPS stimulation, the proliferation ability of PDLSCs decreased, the gene expression and secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 increased and the gene and protein expression of TRPA1 were upregulated. Reducing the expression of TRPA1 can effectively inhibit the increase of gene expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 after LPS stimulation, and pretreatment of PDLSCs with HC‐030031 can also achieve the above effect. And research has found that HC‐030031 can inhibit the phosphorylation level of JNK in PDLSCs treated by LPS. The use of JNK inhibitor JNK‐IN‐8 can also reduce the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 in PDLSCs. Finally, this study found LPS could cause the upregulation of TRPA1, and the inhibition of TRPA1 could produce an anti‐inflammatory effect in PDLSCs treated by LPS due to its inhibition of JNK phosphorylation.
Figure 5 from Nuclear Focal Adhesion Kinase Protects against Cisplatin Stress in Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Ojalill Marjaana , Boyer Antonia , Chen Xiao Lei , Tahon Elise , Thivolle Lioux Gaëtan , Xia Marvin , Abbas Maryam , Soylu Halime Meryem , Flieder Douglas B. , Connolly Denise C. , Molinolo Alfredo A. , McHale Michael T. , Stupack Dwayne G. , Schlaepfer David D.
Published: December 2024

FAK nuclear localization supports KMF tumor cisplatin resistance in vivo with effects on downstream signaling. A, Experimental schematic: 7.5 million luciferase-expressing KMF FAK-WT or FAK-NLS− cells were intraperitoneally injected into C57Bl6 mice (day 0), and IVIS luciferase imaging at day 5 was used to randomize experimental groups (n = 8 each). Mice were administered saline or cisplatin (CP, 4 mg/kg) and imaged on the indicated days. B, Graphical presentation of IVIS tumor burden from day 5 to day 31 as expressed as total flux in photons per second. Experimental groups are FAK-WT saline (green), FAK-WT plus CP (red), FAK-NLS− saline (blue), and FAK-NLS− + CP (violet). Values are means ± SD (n = 8, *, P < 0.05). C, Experimental schematic (similar as described in A) with decreased and more frequent cisplatin (2 mg/kg) administration over a longer experimental period. D, Representative IVIS images of CP-treated FAK-WT and FAK-NLS− tumor-bearing mice on day 45. E, Graphical presentation of IVIS tumor burden from day 5 to day 45. Experimental groups are FAK-WT + CP (red) and FAK-NLS− + CP (violet). Values are means ± SD (n = 8, **, P < 0.01). F, Enumeration (trypan blue–negative) of peritoneal cells recovered after euthanasia. Box and whisker plots show the mean (±SD, *, P < 0.05) for FAK-WT (red) and FAK-NLS− (violet) tumor-bearing mice. G, Protein cell lysates were made from peritoneal collected cells from individual FAK-WT and FAK-NLS− tumor-bearing mice (n = 5 each, M1 to M5) and immunoblotted for FAK, β-tubulin, active ERK (pERK), total ERK, active p38 (pp38), and total p38 MAPK. Immunoblotting for active JNK (pJNK) and total JNK were from the same samples but independent gels. H, Image quantitation of pERK to total ERK ratio from samples in G. Values are means ± SD (n = 5 experimental points, **, P < 0.01). FAK-WT values set to 1 (dotted line).
Chick Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as an in-vivo model for the study of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
Authors: Wan Zhenzhen , Hirche Christoph , Fricke Fabia , Dragu Adrian , Will Patrick A.
Published: December 2024

The high incidence of vascular and lymphatic metastasis is closely associated with poor prognosis and mortality in cancer. Finding effective inhibitors to prevent pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis relies on appropriate in-vivo models. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a membrane formed by the fusion of the chorion and allantois during embryonic development. Due to natural immunological defects, chick embryos accept various tissue and species transplants without immune response. The CAM model has been widely used in studying angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, tumor growth, tumor metastasis, as well as drug efficacy. This review describes the use of CAM assays as a valuable method for testing the in-vivo effects of drugs on vascular and lymphatic vessel formation before further investigating the effects of drugs on tumor vessels and lymphatic vessels in animal models. In this context, we primarily summarize the changes in vascular and lymphatic vessel formation in tumors under the action of drugs using this model, providing a preclinical model basis for effective tumor inhibitors.
The Role of Wnt3a/β-Catenin/TCF7L2 Pathway in Diabetes and Cardiorenal Complications
Authors: Adeerjiang Yilinuer , Sidike Abudulimu , Gan Xiao-Xue , Li Qin-Tian , Jiang Sheng
Published: December 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease that is becoming increasingly common worldwide and can lead to a number of dangerous complications. The Wnt signaling pathway is important for the onset and progression of diabetes. Wnt3a is a typical Wnt ligand that can increase the stability of β-catenin, control TCF7L2 expression, promote β-cell proliferation, and reduce apoptosis. Summary: The involvement of the Wnt3a/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling pathway in the development of diabetes and associated problems related to the kidneys is reviewed in this article. Key message: We believe that a thorough comprehension of the molecular connections between diabetes and signaling pathways will eventually lead to improved diabetes management.
Dysregulation of brain cholesterol biosynthetic pathway following hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal mice
Authors: Lu Fuxin , Yen Celeste , Corley Chase D. , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Manninen Tiina , Stewart Nicholas R. , Zhu Christina M. , Ferriero Donna M. , Jiang Xiangning
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Brain cholesterol relies on de novo biosynthesis and is crucial for brain development. Cholesterol synthesis is a complex series of reactions that involves more than twenty enzymes to reach the final product and generates a large number of intermediate sterols along two alternate pathways. This is a highly regulated and oxygen-dependent process, and thus sensitive to hypoxia.
Methods: Using the modified Vannucci procedure, a clinically relevant animal model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), we characterized the profile of cholesterol and its sterol intermediates, along with the key enzymes on the cholesterol synthetic pathway over a time course of 5 days after HI in the postnatal day 10 mouse brain.
Results: Although the total cholesterol levels in the injured cortices appeared to be minimally attenuated at 5 days following HI, there was an overall repression of brain cholesterol biosynthesis. Lanosterol and the downstream sterols in both the Bloch and Kandutsch-Russell (K-R) pathways were consistently reduced for up to 3 days except for desmosterol which was elevated. Correspondingly, protein expression of the controlling transcription factors sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) and SREBP-1 was decreased at early time points (within 6 hours), in parallel with the downregulation of several substrate enzymes for up to 5 days post-HI. HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the first rate-limiting enzyme, was upregulated in the first 24 hours after HI. The expression of 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) that catalyzes the last step to produce cholesterol on the Bloch pathway and bridges the Bloch to K-R pathway was also augmented.
Conclusions: Our data suggest perturbed brain cholesterol biosynthesis following neonatal HI. As some sterol intermediates and enzymes have diverse functions in brain development and stress responses other than producing cholesterol, assessment of their dynamic changes after HI is important to understand the lipid responses in rodent HI models and to identify lipid-based targeted therapies in future studies.
Five-year sustained response to nivolumab in hepatocellular carcinoma following serious immune-related hepatitis
Authors: Leão Mendes José , Spencer Ana Sofia , Pimentel João Cabral , Sardinha Mariana , Boavida Ferreira João , da Luz Ricardo
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) holds high cancer mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy-based combination therapy, currently the first-line (1L) standard of care in advanced HCC, has shifted the treatment paradigm concerning both efficacy and safety outcomes. Data on immune-related adverse events surrogacy for efficacy outcomes is mixed.

Case Report
We report the case of a 58-year-old male with chronic Hepatitis C virus infection who presented with a voluminous shoulder HCC metastasis. Albeit an initial significant biochemical response with 1L sorafenib, progressive disease after 3 months plus a bleeding complication led to treatment discontinuation. Second-line nivolumab, although yielding a rapid clinical and biochemical response, was permanently ceased after 12 weeks due to a grade 3 immune-related hepatitis. Notably, 5 years post-treatment, the patient sustains a major biochemical and radiographic response.

Discussion
This case highlights an unusual and sustained response to nivolumab treatment in HCC, following early treatment discontinuation due to severe hepatotoxicity.
Preprocedural Screening Tool to Guide Nonpulmonary Vein Trigger Testing in First-Time Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Oraii Alireza , Chaumont Corentin , Rodriguez-Queralto Oriol , Wasiak Michal , Thind Munveer , Peters Carli J. , Zado Erica , Hanumanthu Balaram Krishna J. , Markman Timothy M. , Hyman Matthew C. , Tschabrunn Cory M. , Guandalini Gustavo , Enriquez Andres , Shivamurthy Poojita , Kumareswaran Ramanan , Riley Michael P. , Lin David , Schaller Robert D. , Nazarian Saman , Callans David J. , Supple Gregory E. , Garcia Fermin C. , Frankel David S. , Dixit Sanjay , Marchlinski Francis E.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Patients undergoing first-time atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation can benefit from targeting non-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers. Preprocedural identification of high-risk individuals can guide planning of ablation strategy. This study aimed to create a preprocedural screening tool to identify patients at risk of non-PV triggers during first-time AF ablation.

METHODS:

All patients who underwent first-time AF ablation at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between 2018 and 2022 were identified. Those who underwent non-PV trigger provocative maneuvers or had spontaneous non-PV trigger firing were included. Non-PV triggers were defined as non-PV ectopic beats triggering AF or sustained focal atrial tachycardia that occurred spontaneously, after AF cardioversion, or after standard provocative maneuvers. The provocative maneuvers included incremental isoproterenol infusion (3, 6, 12, and 20–30 µg/min) and an atrial burst pacing protocol. Risk factors associated with non-PV triggers in a stepwise multivariable logistic regression model with backward elimination were used to create a risk score.

RESULTS:

A total of 163 (8.0%) of 2038 patients had non-PV triggers during first-time AF ablation. Based on the multivariable model, we created a risk score using female sex (1 point; odds ratio [OR], 1.90 [95% CI, 1.36–2.67]), sinus node dysfunction (1 point; OR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.04–3.24]), prior cardiac surgery (1 point; OR, 2.26 [95% CI, 1.45–3.53]), moderate to severe left atrial enlargement (2 points; OR, 3.43 [95% CI, 2.46–4.79]), and cardiac sarcoidosis/amyloidosis (4 points; OR, 7.24 [95% CI, 3.03–17.33]). Internal validation using bootstrap resampling showed an optimism-adjusted C statistic of 0.715 (95% CI, 0.678–0.751). Among all first-time AF ablations, 68.1% of procedures were low-risk for non-PV triggers (scores 0–1, 4.3% risk), 17.8% were intermediate-risk (score 2, 10.5% risk), and 14.1% were high-risk (score ≥3, 22.6% risk).

CONCLUSIONS:

A preprocedural screening tool can classify patients based on their risk of non-PV triggers during first-time AF ablation. This risk score can guide operators to identify patients who would benefit most from adjunctive non-PV trigger testing. However, further validation is needed to confirm these findings.
Optimal Medical Therapy for Heart Failure and Integrated Care in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report From the ESC‐EHRA EORP Atrial Fibrillation Long‐Term General Registry
Authors: Bonini Niccolò , Proietti Marco , Romiti Giulio Francesco , Vitolo Marco , Fawzy Ameenathul Mazaya , Ding Wern Yew , Imberti Jacopo Francesco , Fauchier Laurent , Marin Francisco , Nabauer Michael , Dan Gheorghe Andrei , Potpara Tatjana S. , Boriani Giuseppe , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   the ESC‐EHRA EORP‐AF General Long‐Term Registry Investigators
Published: December 2024

Background

Heart failure (HF) often occurs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), with a major impact on prognosis. Few data are available on the effect of integrated treatment strategies to improve prognosis in patients with AF. We aimed to evaluate the association between HF (according to left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]), HF optimal medical therapy and adherence to the Atrial Fibrillation Better Care pathway, and major outcomes in patients with AF.

Methods and Results

From the ESC‐EHRA EORP‐AF (European Society of Cardiology–European Heart Rhythm Association EURObservational Research Programme in Atrial Fibrillation) General Long‐Term Registry, we evaluated patients with HF, categorized according to LVEF (HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction, HF with preserved ejection fraction). Optimal medical therapy for HF was guidelines‐defined. The primary end point was the composite of all‐cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events. From the original cohort, 9373 (84.5%) patients were included in this analysis (median age, 71 [interquartile range, 62–77] years; 39.9% women). Compared with no HF, all HF categories were associated with an increased risk of the primary composite outcome, with highest figures observed for HF with reduced ejection fraction (hazard ratio [HR], 2.36 [95% CI, 2.00–2.78]). The risk was reduced in patients with AF and HF adherent to optimal medical therapy (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.70–0.98]), as well as in those adherents to the Atrial Fibrillation Better Care pathway (HR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.48–0.88]). The effect of Atrial Fibrillation Better Care pathway was consistent across the spectrum of LVEF.

Conclusions

Patients with AF and HF have a high risk of major adverse events, and this risk is inversely associated with LVEF. Atrial Fibrillation Better Care pathway adherent management is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with HF, across the spectrum of LVEF.
Effects of School‐Based Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Health in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Post Hoc Analysis of a National Multicenter Study
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Zhou Yueqin , Zou Zhiyong , Chen Yajun , Jing Jin , Ma Yinghua , Song Yi , Ling Wenhua , Ma Jun , Zhu Yanna
Published: December 2024

Background

We evaluated the effects of a national school‐based lifestyle intervention program against childhood obesity on improving cardiovascular health (CVH), assessed using the recently introduced Life's Essential 8 metric framework.

Methods and Results

Our post hoc analysis of the national school‐based lifestyle intervention targeting diet and physical activity included 94 schools with eligible students aged 7 to 17 years (intervention group n=30 629; control group n=26 581). We assessed CVH metrics by individual scores for 4 health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and body mass index) and 3 health factors (blood lipids, glucose, and pressure). These scores were subsequently combined to calculate the CVH score, health behavior score, and health factor score. The primary outcomes were these 3 composite scores and high CVH (CVH score≥80). All analyses applied a likelihood‐based random‐effects regression modeling following the intention‐to‐treat. The school‐based lifestyle intervention was associated with a 0.89‐point increase in the CVH score (95% CI, 0.03–1.74), 14% greater odds of having high CVH (odds ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01–1.29]), and a 1.35‐point improvement in the health behavior score (95% CI, 0.32–2.38). According to our subgroup analyses, this intervention had stronger favorable effects on CVH and health behavior scores in primary (grades 1–6) and junior (grades 7–9) schools than in senior high (grades 10–12) schools (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

This school‐based lifestyle intervention improved CVH behaviors in Chinese children and adolescents. The differences in the intervention effect according to school grade imply critical windows for forming healthy lifestyles at younger ages.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02343588.
Large-Scale Plasma Proteomics Profiles for Predicting Ischemic Stroke Risk in the General Population
Authors: Gan Xiaoqin , Yang Sisi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ye Ziliang , Zhang Yanjun , Xiang Hao , Huang Yu , Wu Yiting , Zhang Yiwei , Qin Xianhui
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

We aimed to develop and validate a protein risk score for ischemic stroke (IS) risk prediction and to compare its predictive capability with IS clinical risk factors and IS polygenic risk score.

METHODS:

The prospective cohort study included 53 029 participants from UKB-PPP (UK Biobank Pharmaceutical Proteomics Project). IS protein risk score was calculated as the weighted sum of proteins selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The discrimination ability of models was assessed by C statistic. IS risk factors included age, sex, smoking, waist-to-hip ratio, antihypertensive medication use, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, coronary heart disease, diabetes, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Polygenic risk score was computed using identified susceptibility variants.

RESULTS:

After exclusions, 38 060 participants from England were randomly divided into the training set and the internal validation set in a 7:3 ratio, and 4970 participants from Scotland/Wales were assigned as the external validation set. Of 43 030 participants included (mean age, 59.0 years; 54.0% female), 989 incident IS occurred during a median follow-up of 13.6 years. In the training set, IS protein risk score was constructed using 17 out of 2911 proteins. In the internal validation set, compared with the basic model (age and sex: C statistic,0.720 [95% CI, 0.691–0.749]), IS protein risk score had the highest predictive performance for IS risk (C statistic, 0.765 [95% CI, 0.736–0.793]), followed by clinical risk factors of IS (C statistic, 0.753 [95% CI, 0.725–0.781]), and IS polygenic risk score (C statistic, 0.730 [95% CI, 0.701–0.759]). The top 5 proteins with the largest absolute coefficients in the IS protein risk score, including GDF15 (growth/differentiation factor 15), PLAUR (urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor), NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), IGFBP4 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4), and BCAN (brevican core protein), contributed most of the predictive ability of the IS protein risk score, with a cumulative C statistic of 0.761 (95% CI, 0.733–0.790). These results were verified in the external validation cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:

A simple model, including age, sex, and the IS protein risk score (or only the top 5 proteins) had a good predictive performance for IS risk.
Reflecting as a Pentecostal on Pentecostal Education
Authors: Kay William K.
Published: December 2024

This article offers a personal perspective on education from the point of view of a Pentecostal of more than fifty-five years’ standing. Having taught in secular and Christian settings and covered the age range from infants to postgraduates and having been a faculty member at Britain’s Assemblies of God college and, from there, moved out into teacher training in secular university settings, I shall consider curriculum, society, theology, and the breadth of pentecostal education.
“The Girl Power of Christ Compels You!”
Authors: Bauer Nicole M. , Doole J. Andrew
Published: December 2024

Exorcism is a man’s job. Christian churches legislate on who can carry out an exorcism, and independent charismatic healers tend overwhelmingly to be men. Yet there are exceptions. Ancient Syriac hagiography includes accounts of female saints who can cast out and repel demons, and the early 2010s saw the rise of the so-called “teenage exorcists” in the USA, Brynne Larson and Tess and Savannah Scherkenback. In this article we examine the ancient stories of holy women casting out demons and the media reports and Brynne Larson’s book on the ministry she and her friends carried out. We find that while female exorcists challenge the boundaries of gender in religious identity, they nonetheless reflect a form of idealized femininity in a man’s world.
Knorr von Rosenroth and His Perception of Kabbalah
Authors: Vileno Anna Maria
Published: December 2024

Christian Knorr von Rosenroth is known for the publication of the Kabbala denudata at the end of the 17th century. But far from having been limited to translation, Knorr was also a creative commentator, as it appears in his recently recovered Messias puer. After a description of Knorr’s production, the article examines the pedagogical approach developed, showing the cultural transfer at work at various levels as well as Knorr’s quest for a new paradigm for Christian Kabbalah.
The Macroeconomy and Poverty
Authors: Bitler Marianne P. , Hoynes Hilary , Kuka Elira
Published: December 2024

We revisit a key question about poverty that was a repeated subject of investigation for Rebecca Blank, estimating the effects of the business cycle on pre–tax-and-transfer and post–tax-and-transfer poverty. Using an anchored household-level version of the Supplemental Poverty Measure’s thresholds and resources, we show that poverty is countercyclical, rising in recessions and falling in expansions. We also find that the social safety net provides protection against cyclicality: Post–tax-and-transfer poverty is less cyclical than is pre–tax-and-transfer poverty. The largest cyclicality occurs among children and Black and Hispanic persons, and lower cyclicality is evident among white and elderly persons. The safety net leads to the largest reductions in cyclicality for the elderly and the smallest effects for nonelderly households without children. Finally, we find an inverted U shape with cyclicality low and rising below 75 percent of poverty and declining above.
Work, Poverty, and Social Benefits over the Past Three Decades
Authors: Barrow Lisa , Schanzenbach Diane W. , Rivera Bea
Published: December 2024

Policymaking that aims to protect families and foster economic growth ought to be informed by a clear understanding of how employment, benefits, and family well-being interact. Here, we conduct a broad assessment of employment trends among low-income Americans, showing that, in recent decades, people with low income have become more highly educated and less likely to be married, and the share that is Hispanic has increased. We also find that these shifting characteristics do little to explain change in employment over time. Our findings also contribute to a growing literature that documents how social benefits for nonelderly adults increasingly reward and encourage work: benefits have become more generous to low-income adults with children who have substantial earnings, while they have remained relatively stable for childless adults. Low-income families with children and substantial earnings received more income from social benefits in the past decade than they did 30 years ago.
Health Insurance and Part-Time Employment: The Influence of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Abraham Katharine G. , Farber Henry S.
Published: December 2024

Prior to the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), part-time workers were much less likely than full-time workers to have health insurance. The ACA included multiple provisions intended to raise health insurance coverage rates, including a mandate that employers provide affordable coverage to full-time workers, a requirement that dependents be allowed to remain on their parents’ plan until age 26, extensions of Medicaid coverage, and the establishment of health insurance exchanges on which lower-income households could purchase subsidized coverage. Implementation of these provisions was associated with a decline in the full-time/part-time coverage gap from 6.5 percentage points in 2013 to 3.1 percentage points in 2021. Increases in Medicaid coverage and insurance purchased on the exchanges were the largest contributors to the reduction in the full-time/part-time coverage gap.
The Public Charge Rule and Program Participation Among U.S. Citizens
Authors: Butcher Kristin F. , Hu Luojia , Perry Ryan
Published: December 2024

Use of public assistance by noncitizens is controversial. Before 2018, institutionalization and receipt of cash benefits were considered as evidence of whether immigrants were likely to become a “public charge” and, therefore, ineligible for citizenship. But a new rule—proposed in 2018 and finalized in 2020—also made participation in SNAP/Food Stamps and Medicaid relevant as evidence. We examine whether participation in SNAP/Food Stamps and Medicaid among U.S.-born children—whose own eligibility for program participation should be unaffected by the new rule—has changed, based on the citizenship status of their parents. We find evidence that, after the 2018 proposal, U.S.-born children with noncitizen parents are less likely than the children of U.S.-born parents to participate in these programs. We discuss the literature on “chilling effects” and on the impact of safety net programs on children’s long-term outcomes.
Low velocity impact resistance of multilayer composite structures for mitigating acceleration
Authors: Jackson Aaron , Davidson Paul , Adnan Ashfaq
Published: December 2024

In this manuscript the low velocity impact resistance of a novel multilayered energy absorbing structure was studied and compared to the materials used in US Army Advanced Combat Helmets. We investigate the dynamic performance of 3D printed lattice structures sandwiched between carbon fiber composites and Kevlar fabrics to develop helmets that are lighter and have better blast protection. The energy absorbed by the sandwich structure was recorded based on the difference in acceleration between the top impacted surface and the base of the structure. A multi degree of freedom non-linear spring mass model was used to predict the response of the multilayer sandwich structures. Nonlinear stiffness values were determined through compression experiments. A good agreement between the model and the experiment at the measured boundary allows for better understanding of the material layers and provides a modeling framework for future predictions and optimization efforts. This study provides insights into the use of digitally 3D printed cellular materials, carbon fiber composites, and Kevlar fabrics to provide superior impact performance at a lighter weight compared to existing helmet systems.
Energy harvesting for damage assessment: A novel approach for detecting and evaluating structural defects in composite laminates
Authors: Jajemizadeh Saman , Rabiee Amir Hossein , Salamat-Talab Mazaher
Published: December 2024

The presence of cutouts within mechanical equipment and systems can give rise to catastrophic stress concentrations and local buckling, leading to the initiation and propagation of damage. In addressing this issue, we leverage the concept of energy harvesting as a diagnostic approach. Beyond conventional fault diagnosis methods that rely solely on measuring changes in displacement amplitude, we propose an innovative method that harnesses the generated voltage. This novel approach investigates the impact of cutouts (holes) with varying diameters, which represent critical defects, on energy harvesting and displacement amplitude within 8-layer E-glass/epoxy composite specimens. Piezoelectric transducers are employed to execute energy harvesting, complemented by a laser displacement sensor for capturing sample displacement amplitudes. A bespoke measuring circuit is developed to quantify the stored voltage in a capacitor. Analysis of the findings reveals that the presence of damage, its severity, and its spatial distribution induce alterations akin to changes observed in displacement amplitudes. The study demonstrated that after applying the first cutout, a 75% and 65% reduction in harvested energy and a 60% and 46% decrease in displacement amplitude occurred for 14 and 10 mm cutouts respectively. By increasing the number of cutouts, these parameters depicted decreasing trends with a lower intensity. This alternative method offers an efficient, effective, and low-cost strategy for detecting and assessing damage and its severity in composite laminates. By demonstrating the correlation between damage-induced variations in harvested energy and conventional displacement measurements, our study contributes to advancing non-destructive evaluation techniques for composite structures. The effectiveness, cheapness, and convenience in implementation and detecting defects in composite laminates, are the practical implications and potential applications of the current work.
Treatments in sinonasal inverted papilloma malignancy invading the pterygopalatine fossa: A case report
Authors: Jiang Linlan , Wang Liwen , Gao Shuyi , Jiao Yuenong , Gong Huicheng
Published: December 2024

Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is less malignant and usually occur in the maxillary sinus. However, cases invading the pterygopalatine fossa are extremely rare. In this article, we describe a rare case of a man in his early 60s who presented with left nasal congestion, headache, epistaxis, and facial numbness. The patient underwent a comprehensive treatment primarily based on surgery. Nasal endoscopy showed that the mass had invaded the left infratemporal fossa laterally and was poorly separated from the internal maxillary artery, which increased the complexity and difficulty of the surgery. In addition, the patient had previously undergone nasal cavity surgery, which made the surgery more challenging. In order to reduce the risk of recurrence, we exposed the infratemporal fossa region under nasal endoscopic guidance with a combined labial and gingival incision, and completely removed the tumor base and tumor margins. There were no postoperative complications and no recurrence was observed during the 2-year follow-up period.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Difficulties Using Usual Source of Care for People with Disability
Authors: Ko Jane , Park Jae-Hyun
Published: December 2024

In recent years in Korea, healthcare utilization has been increasing due to aging of people with disability. However, accessibility to usual source of care (USCs) for people with disabilities remains unimproved. This study aimed to analyze current usage of USCs by people with disabilities in Korea in comparison with people without disabilities. This study utilized data of the 2018 Korean Health Panel Survey, a representative longitudinal survey of the entire nation that included 12 880 participants with or without disabilities in South Korea. People with disabilities were classified into Mobility Disorder, Communication Disorder, Mental Disorder, and Others. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess satisfaction with the utilization of USCs among people with or without disabilities. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to examine difference in satisfaction between people with disabilities and those without. The proportion of people with disabilities utilizing USCs as their primary healthcare facility was only one-third of that of people without disabilities. In terms of overall satisfaction with USCs, respondents indicated insufficient consultation time and difficulty comprehending medical information during appointments. However, people with disabilities utilizing USCs as tertiary healthcare facilities reported higher satisfaction levels than people without disabilities, stating ease of understanding medical information, opportunities for asking questions, and ability to provide feedback. To enhance accessibility for people with disabilities to utilize USCs as their primary healthcare facility, it is necessary to strengthen accessibility through institutional mechanisms by providing disability-friendly physical facilities and auxiliary aids to facilitate communication with healthcare providers.
Depoliticization of Violence: Critical Limits of Risk Environment Frameworks in Drug Use Research
Authors: Singh Kelsall Tyson , McDermid Jenn , Vieira Echo , Withers AJ , Tao Vince , Dives Jackie , Myketiak Tara , Rai Nanky , Seaby Palmour Jake , Fleury Mathew
Published: December 2024

The risk environment framework (REF) is a widely-accepted tool in policy research related to drug use. Its prevalence warrants a critical exploration of its strengths and weaknesses. This critical appraisal is a comprehensive analysis of the REF by definition and through relevant examples of its use within the context of public health evaluations, social science research, and epidemiological strategies in substance use-related policy. We examine the tensions inherent to a risk environment analysis, centering on its deficit-based lens of behavior, risk, and harm. This narrative review argues for shifts in frameworks within drug policy research away from individual- and community-level blame.
Understanding ChatGPT continuous usage intention: The role of information quality, information usefulness, and source trust
Authors: Mun Il Bong , Hwang Kyung-Ho
Published: December 2024

Although ChatGPT has gained widespread popularity, research on users’ post-adoption behaviors remains limited. This study examined whether information quality (across five distinct attributes) predicts information usefulness and source trust, which, in turn, influences users’ intention to continue using ChatGPT. Data from ChatGPT users were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the accuracy, richness, timeliness, format, and relevance of the information presented by ChatGPT were significantly associated with both information usefulness and source trust. Moreover, the findings showed that both information usefulness and source trust were positively and significantly associated with the continuance usage intention toward ChatGPT. This study sheds light on the factors that drive user perceptions and behaviors and offers a deeper understanding of the continuance usage within the domain of generative AI like ChatGPT. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Digital futures: Definition (what), importance (why) and methods (how)
Authors: Schlagwein Daniel , Currie Wendy , Leimeister Jan Marco , Willcocks Leslie
Published: December 2024

“Digital futures” as a research field that examines diverse, long-term future(s) scenarios influenced by digital technologies has been proposed in information systems. Here, based on the emerging literature on digital futures, we define what this term means, delineate it from related concepts such as digital transformation, articulate why the information systems field should take note and consider the study of digital futures, and provide an overview of approaches.
A novel inexpensive calorimeter as a thermodynamic laboratory experiment
Authors: Quigley Gwilym , Cumber Peter , Houston Stephen
Published: December 2024

This paper describes an inexpensive calorimeter for measuring the higher calorific value of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG). The calorimeter is a hybrid of a Boys gas calorimeter and cone calorimeter. The calorimeter does not require a continuous supply of LPG. The mass flow rate of fuel is measured using a load cell. The hybrid calorimeter in its present form can measure the higher calorific value for LPG with a relative error of approximately 25%. Future projects to improve the accuracy of the calorimeter and extend its capability to measure the lower calorific value of LPG are considered. It is argued that the self-built calorimeter in its present form makes it a better laboratory experiment for the education of engineering students than an accurate commercially available apparatus.
Narratives of Success and Failure of Past Collective Action Influence Intentions to Engage in Future Action: The Case of the 2017 Women's March
Authors: Bilali Rezarta , Freel Sam , Varela Micaela
Published: December 2024

The 2017 Women's March was estimated to be the largest single-day protest in recorded history. Yet, whether the March was a success or a failure was debated in national media. How does framing of past collective action as success or failure influence group members’ subsequent motivation to engage in collective action? Three studies ( n = 1,497) examined the impact of success and failure framing of the 2017 Women's March on women's intentions to engage in collective action for gender equality and its psychological antecedents. Success framing increased efficacy beliefs, hope, and action intentions. Failure ascribed to external factors increased conventional action intentions, and it also increased radical action intentions among high movement identifiers. We did not find evidence for the hypothesized demobilizing effects of internally ascribed failure. In sum, this research provides evidence for mobilizing effects of past success, but not for demobilizing effects of past failure. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843241286811
Microencapsulated single-component epoxies for self-healing of glass fiber reinforced polymers subjected to low-velocity impacts
Authors: Ahmed JP Shebaz , Meenakshisundaram Omkumar
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the potential of self-healing single-component epoxy microcapsules for improving the impact resistance and durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. Microcapsules containing a single-component epoxy resin were synthesized using sodium lauryl sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol as stabilizing agents. The microcapsules were characterized, revealing an average size of 3.056 μm. GFRP composites embedded with 10 wt% of the synthesized microcapsules were prepared. The composites were subjected to low-velocity impacts at velocities of 3 m/s, 3.5 m/s, and 4 m/s. Residual flexural properties were evaluated using three-point bending tests. The impact resistance and self-healing efficiency of the GFRP composites showed significant improvement. The flexural after-impact strength exhibited considerable recovery post-impact. A healing efficiency of 61.1% was observed for specimens impacted at a velocity of 3 m/s. Incorporating microcapsules loaded with healing agents transforms GFRP composites into smart materials. The microcapsules act as microscopic primers, rupturing upon damage and releasing the healing agent to mitigate crack propagation and bolster structural integrity autonomously by extending the service life of the composite. The research provides valuable insights into optimizing the performance and durability of GFRP composites. Potential applications span across aerospace, automotive, and structural engineering domains.
The effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of Fe/HA biodegradable materials
Authors: Feng Yuzhen , Huang Nan , Guo Jing , Chen Shuwen , Teng Yingxue , Chen Shanshan
Published: December 2024

HA/Fe composites were prepared by powder metallurgy. The effects of ball milling time, pressing pressure, and sintering temperature on the porosity and hardness of the composites were investigated, and their mechanical properties and biocompatibility were evaluated. The results show that as the ball milling time increases (30∼60min), the average particle size initially decreases and then increases (82.91∼53.49∼77.98 μm). Additionally, an appropriate increase in pressing pressure and sintering temperature can decrease the composite’s porosity and increase its hardness. When the pressing pressure is 27 KN and the sintering temperature is 1000°C, the composite material has excellent mechanical properties (hardness 268.5 Hv, compressive strength 106.736 MPa) and good in vitro biocompatibility. The hemolysis rate of the sample was 1.719518 %. When the concentration of the extract was 50 %, the cell proliferation rate could reach 136.26 %. Furthermore, the degradation properties of the composites were studied. At 12 months the corrosion rate of HA/Fe composites reached 0.3173 mm/a. It was also observed varying degradation mechanisms was different in different soaking cycles, and the dominant degradation mechanism was gradually changed from HA in the early stage to Fe in the later stage, which played a positive guiding role in the development of iron matrix composites with different degradation rates.
Economic Impacts of Technology-Facilitated Abuse Among U.S. Young Adults
Authors: Sheridan-Johnson Jackie , Mumford Elizabeth A. , Moschella-Smith Elizabeth A. , Maitra Poulami , Rein David B. , Rothman Emily F.
Published: December 2024

Technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) can result in long-term financial and mental health impacts on survivors. However, little research has been published to date about the types of costs and the economic burden that survivors of TFA experience. This study presents results from a U.S. nationally representative sample of young adults aged 18 to 35 on financial cost experienced as a result of TFA, including findings of healthcare utilization and associated healthcare costs. Respondents who reported experiencing one or more forms of TFA were asked about the lifetime health and economic impacts of the TFA. Nearly one in five TFA survivors (18.2%) reported experiencing an economic cost from the TFA, with a median total cost of $900 USD. There was a significant difference in the likelihood of reporting a financial cost among TFA survivors by race/ethnicity, TFA exposure, average use of online sites/apps, and the number of sites/apps used. Financial fraud, technology, and housing costs were the most common types of cost reported. More than 1 in 10 survivors (11.3%) reported receiving mental health counseling related to the TFA, with a per-person total cost estimate of $6,228 USD from mental health counseling. A similar proportion (11.6%) of TFA survivors reported taking one or more prescribed medications to manage the impact of the TFA, with an average duration of 37.4 weeks of use. Older age, identifying as non-Hispanic Black/African American or Hispanic/Latino/a/x, identifying as a sexual or gender minority, and greater TFA severity were associated with higher financial cost reported. Findings present novel information on the economic and psychological harms associated with TFA and indicate the importance of access to mental health and financial support services for TFA survivors.
Optimizing Healthcare: Implementation of a Pharmacist-To-Pharmacist Transitions of Care Pilot Program
Authors: McDonnell Jacqueline , Combs Karli , Dockery Randi
Published: December 2024

Background: Transitions of care (TOC) is defined as the movement of patients between healthcare practitioners, settings and home. Ineffective TOC can lead to hospital readmissions, increased costs, and patient dissatisfaction. Pharmacists have a unique opportunity to ensure that continuity of care, in regard to medication optimization and education, is continued throughout the transition between settings. With both inpatient and ambulatory pharmacists supporting smooth discharge for hospitalized patients, an opportunity was identified to implement a pharmacist-to-pharmacist TOC program at Ascension Genesys Hospital (AGH). Objective: Implement a pharmacist-to-pharmacist TOC program at AGH. Methods: This was a single-center pilot program in which a pharmacist-to-pharmacist TOC program was implemented at AGH between January 1st and April 30th, 2024. Patients were included if they were 18 years of age and older, managed by the family medicine (FM) team, and had at least 5 medications at discharge. The FM and ambulatory pharmacists provided recommendations and all medication related problems (MRPs) and interventions were documented. Descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: A total of 25 hospitalized patients and 10 follow-up patients were included. A total of 44 inpatient MRPs and 41 outpatient MRPs were recorded. The most common inpatient MRP was antibiotic stewardship. The most common clinic MRP was medication access barrier. Conclusion: Implementation of the pilot program occurred and results were reported. These results demonstrate the importance of pharmacist involvement in TOC.
A generic framework for ETW-based dimensional synthesis of parallel mechanism
Authors: Chen Guowang , Tang Qian , Li Xinyu , Wu Wenyuan , Wang Kun , Wu Ke
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a general dimensional synthesis framework for parallel mechanisms is established based on the effective transmission workspace (ETW) model. Firstly, differential variational operators are added to the population updating strategy of Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm to accelerate the population updating speed, and named as Accelerated teaching-learning-based optimization (ATLBO) algorithm. Then, typical function examples and mechanical optimization design examples are used to prove that ATLBO algorithm has obvious performance improvement compared with TLBO algorithm. Finally, based on the screw theory, the dimensional synthesis model for ETW maximization is proposed, and ATLBO is applied to solve the optimal structural parameters. Comparison of the calculated ETW indexes before and after the optimization shows that the dimensional synthesis model of this paper for parallel mechanism is workable and effective. This work provides a modeling solution for the dimensional synthesis problem of space mechanism.