bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АНАЛИЗА МЕДИЈСКОГ ДИСКУРСА ПРЕДИЗБОРНЕ ХРОНИКЕ У ЦЕНТРАЛНИМ ИНФОРМАТИВНИМ ЕМИСИЈАМА НА ПРВИМ ПРОГРАМИМА РАДИЈА И ТЕЛЕВИЗИЈЕ ВОЈВОДИНЕ
Authors: Пралица Дејан
Published: February 2017

Циљ овог рада јесте да укаже на то како је покрајински јавни медијски сервис у својој главној радијској и телевизијској информативној емисији – Новости и Дневник извештавао о страначким активностима током предизборне кампање у априлу 2016. Корпус рада чини шест информативних емисија (по три радијске и телевизијске), односно укупно 46 прилога у којима су се помињали учесници предизборне кампање на свим нивоима власти. Квантитативно-квалитативном анализом обухваћени су, како они прилози који су се формално налазили у оквиру предизборног блока у емисијама, тако и прилози изван тог блока, а чији су актери били домаћи политичари. Посебан акценат у истраживању стављен је на маркирање такозваног прикривеног политичког маркетинга, односно злоупотребе позиције власти политичара током кампање. Анализа случајног узорка емисија за 13, 14, 20. и 21. април 2016, показала је да новинари покрајинског медијског сервиса у највећем проценту професионално извештавају грађане о учесницима предизборне кампање. Ван предизборног блока, предност је углавном дата представницима владајућих партија на државном нивоу упркос њиховим критикама на рачун извештавања војвођанске радио-телевизије у корист владајућих страна на покрајинском нивоу.
TRANSPOZICIJA PROSTORA U KVALITET RADNJE/POJMA PROSTORNIM PREDLOZIMA U SRPSKOM I ENGLESKOM JEZIKU
Authors: Redli Jelena
Published: February 2017

Polazeći od osnovnih načela kognitivne lingvistike, u ovome radu se porede kvalifikativni adverbijali u srpskom i njihovi ekvivalenti u engleskom jeziku, koji sadrže prostorne predloge tipa u, na, preko, odnosno in, on, over i sl. Posmatranjem načina na koji predlozi učestvuju u konceptualizaciji metaforičkog prostora, sagledane su sličnosti i razlike u dva jezika. Uočava se da razlike u konceptualizaciji utiču na konceptualizaciju metaforičkog prostora, što može biti polazište za razumevanje poteškoća koje imaju strani studenti prilikom učenja srpskog jezika.
BAYERISCHES STANDARDDEUTSCH
Authors: Scheuringer Hermann
Published: February 2017

Dieser Beitrag postuliert die Existenz einer regionalen Varietät der deutschen Standardsprache im Freistaat[1] Bayern. Sie ist konsequenterweise und um denkbare Missverständnisse und Fehldeutungen auszuschließen als bayerisches Standarddeutsch zu bezeichnen.[2] Dafür werden die extralinguistischen Voraussetzungen genannt, vor allem jene historischer und administrativ-institutioneller Natur, ihre markantesten sprachlichen Merkmale vorgestellt und schließlich die im allgemeinen gesellschaftspolitischen und wissenschaftlich-varietätenlinguistischen Diskurs bestehenden Erschwernisse diskutiert, die einer breiteren Akzeptanz von bayerischem Standarddeutsch als regionaler Hochsprachvarietät neben vergleichsweise gut etablierten Varietäten wie österreichisches Deutsch oder wie Schweizerhochdeutsch entgegenstehen. Dies erfolgt im Sinne der Theorie des Sprachmanagements.

 

[1] Der Begriff Freistaat, wie er innerhalb der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auch von den Ländern Sachsen und Thüringen verwendet wird, hat entgegen der weit verbreiteten volkstümlichen Auffassung, dass er Ausdruck einer besonderen, mit weiteren föderalen Rechten verbundenen staatsrechtlichen Position Bayerns innerhalb der Bundesrepublik sei (oder zumindest des politischen Anspruchs darauf), de facto keine solchen Konsequenzen. Er ist lediglich als historischer Namensteil zu verstehen, wie er am Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs mit dem Ende der Monarchien aufkam, gleichbedeutend mit Republik.

[2] Begriffe wie bayerisches Deutsch oder bayerisches Hochdeutsch, wie sie durchaus zu hören und zu lesen sind, sind, wo sie vorkommen, nicht eindeutig der hochsprachlichen Ebene zuzuordnen und werden oft tatsächlich auch inhaltlich mit Nichtstandardsprache und Dialekt besetzt bzw. damit verbunden.
TAMA U NAMA: POSTMODERNA GOTIKA U ROMANU BORILAČKI KLUB ČAKA PALAHNJUKA
Authors: Stamenković Slađana
Published: February 2017

Postmoderni gotski žanr predstavlja postmodernu inkarnaciju tradicionalnog gotskog žanra i obuhvata tradicionalne gotske elemente, premda u izvesnoj meri izmenjene i nadograđene. U biti, ovaj žanr predstavlja jedinstven spoj gotskog žanra i postmodernih odlika. U radu se razmatraju takvi unapređeni gotski elementi na primeru romana Čaka Palahnjuka Borilački klub. Svi glavni gotski elementi (poput vremena i mesta zbivanja, gotskih junaka i junakinje, dvojnika itd.) predstavljeni su u ovom romanu sa posebnim naglaskom na subjektivnosti i elementu terora, jer su oni možda dve tačke najvećeg pomaka u odnosu na tradicionalne karakteristike gotskog žanra. Osim gotske teorije i teorije postmodernizma, jos jedan teorijski okvir se doima vrlo bitnim za interpretaciju ovog romana, a to je Bodrijarova teorija hiperrealnosti. Tradicionalna gotska priča izmeštena je tako da pripada nivou realnosti koji je upečatljivo očuđen od stvarnosti koja je činjenica. Uz ovakav jedinstven spoj različitih, premda čini se srodnih, teorijskih okvira, Palahnjukov roman jeste jedan od najboljih predstavnika postmodernog gotskog žanra.
SMEH U NEMAČKOJ I SRPSKOJ FRAZEOLOGIJI
Authors: Zarifović Mirjana , Ristić Gordana
Published: February 2017

Predmet istraživanja ovog rada su frazeologizmi u nemačkom i srpskom jeziku kojima se izražava smeh. Kako je smeh ekspresija koja čoveka prati kroz čitav život, uočavaju se različiti oblici i stepeni smeha, što se odražava i na frazeologizme, kako u nemačkom, tako i u srpskom jeziku. Cilj rada je utvrđivanje sličnosti i razlika na morfološkom, odnosno morfosintaksičkom i leksičkom nivou između frazeologizama u nemačkom jeziku i njihovih ekvivalenata u srpskom jeziku kojima se iskazuje smeh, pri čemu je polazni jezik nemački, a ciljni ili dolazni srpski jezik. Naučna metoda korišćena u radu je interlingvalna kontrastivna analiza. Korpus rada čine frazeologizmi prikupljeni iz odgovarajućih semasioloških i onomasioloških rečnika oba jezika.
HIBRIDIZACIJA NOVINARSKIH ŽANROVA I BUDUĆNOST RADIJA
Authors: Gruhonjić Dinko
Published: February 2017

Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu je da se ispita hipoteza da u eri interneta i hiperprodukcije informacija dolazi do odumiranja kompleksnijih, nekada tipičnih radijskih novinarskih žanrova, u korist osnovnih, faktografskih žanrova. U radu se istražuje dilema da li radio na internetu u žanrovskom pogledu dovodi do stvaranja novih, pre pojave interneta nepoznatih, žanrovskih formi. Interakcija radija i interneta omogućava pokretanje velikog broja radio stanica, naročito na internetu, što ne dovodi nužno do rasta kvaliteta programa. Upravo suprotno, sa radija se često povlače pre svega novinarski sadržaji, zbog čega on gubi svoju informativnu ulogu i sve više se pretvara u „džuboks”. U opštoj utrci za eksluzivnim informacijama banalizuju se radijski sadržaji a žanrovska struktura se svodi na osnovne žanrove, dominantno na vest i na izveštaj. Sve to prouzrokuje pojavu senzacionalizma i tabloidizacije medija, što je posebno izraženo u komercijalnim medijima. Rezultati istraživanja ispoljavaju se kroz karakterizaciju novih, hibridnih novinarskih žanrova, koji su nastali kombinovanjem radija i interneta. Digitalnost i pristupačnost interneta, multimedijalnost, mogućnost linkovanja i interaktivnost doprinose stvaranju tih hibridnih formi. U svrhe ispitivanja postavljenih hipoteza, analizirani su programi sedam radio stanica iz Srbije. Jedinica analize od kojih se polazi u istraživanju su novinarski žanrovi na radiju.
SUPERVIZIJA U INSTITUCIJAMA FORMALNOG I NEFORMALNOG OBRAZOVANJA
Authors: Zuković Slađana , Milutinović Jovana , Slijepčević Senka
Published: February 2017

Polazeći od stanovišta da kontinuirani profesionalni razvoj treba da bude jedan od prioriteta obrazovne politike, u radu se ukazuje na potrebu preispitivanja, reorganizacije, unapređivanja postojećih i kreiranje novih metoda i oblika profesionalnog razvoja stručnjaka u oblasti obrazovanja. Jedna od metoda koja u značajnoj meri može da doprinese unapređenju profesionalnih kompetencija zaposlenih u vaspitno-obrazovnoj delatnosti jeste supervizija. U skladu sa tim, cilj rada usmeren je na razmatranje pretpostavki razvoja supervizije u institucijama formalnog i neformalnog obrazovanja. Polazeći od određenja pojma, karakteristika i ključnih funkcija supervizije, poseban akcenat je stavljen na analizu potencijala razvojno-integrativnog modela supervizije, kao modela koji se pokazao najadekvatnijim okvirom efikasne i delotvorne supervizije u vaspitno-obrazovnoj delatnosti. Takođe, razmatrane su osnovne pretpostavke, neophodni uslovi i prepreke za implementaciju i razvoj supervizije u institucijama formalnog i neformalnog obrazovanja. Zaključuje se da supervizija, a posebno razvojno-integrativna supervizija, treba da bude prepoznata kao poželjan metod koji pruža kontinuitet i održivost u profesionalnom razvoju pojedinca, ali i ekspertsku podršku zaposlenima u vaspitno-obrazovnoj delatnosti, nakon što su izašli iz sistema formalnog obrazovanja.
Aristotelov pojam dokolice (ἡ σχολή): aporetički pristup
Authors: Miljević Ana
Published: February 2017

Neposredan povod za istraživanje sprovedeno u ovom radu je odnos savremenih autora prema Aristotelovoj filozofiji kao prema istorijskom monumentu u kome se pronalazi jedino početak misli, ali ne i samo promišljanje o stvarima koje su uzete u razmatranje. Svrha istraživanja je da se do refleksije dovede problem koji je prouzrokovao predstavljeno stanje stvari u dobu nakon kraja filozofije, kroz  nesistematski pristup Aristotelovim pojmovima. Aporetičkim pristupom se pojam dokolice (σχολή) prati kroz Metafiziku, Politiku i Nikomahovu etiku. Rad pronalazi teškoće u razumevanju dokolice kao samog slobodnog vremena analizirjući odnos pojmova θεωρητικὸς βίος i εὐδαιμονία. U okviru ovog odnosa σχολή se pokazuje ne više kao odsustvo rada ili brige, već kao otkrivanje punoće bivstvovanja. Teorijski život (θεωρητικὸς βίος) je krajnja svrha čoveka i njegovih nastojanja koja se ostvaruje u pojmu blaženstva (εὐδαιμονία), a koji odgovora Aristotelovoj odredbi čoveka kao bića koje poseduje logos, dakle um koji razume i sabira bivstvovanje bivstvujućeg. Otuda rad ne isključuje vezu sa pojmom vrline ali posmatrajući je višeznačno pokazuje da εὐδαιμονία nije stanje modernog čoveka, bez obzira na to da li poseduje moralne ili umne vrline, jer moderni čovek nema σχολή u Aristotelovom smislu pa mu se i ne otkriva punoća bivstvovanja.
The Difference Practice of Condom Usage to Direct and Indirect Woman Sex Worker in Preventing HIV at Sidoarjo
Authors: Sari Elok Puspita , Hargono Arief
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTDirect Woman Sex Worker (Direct-WSW) is a woman who openly offers sex at street legal or illegal prostitution complex  or ex legal or illegal prostitution complex, while Indirect Woman Sex Worker (Indirect-WSW) is a woman who operate in concealed as prostitute who works at certain job or has other main job and indirrectly offers sex at placesof entertainment as massager or public relation in bar or karaoke. The objective of this study is to know the difference practice using condom to direct-WSW and indirect-WSW in prevention against HIV in Sidoarjo. This study is an analytic observational study using survey method and case control approach. The population such as ndirect-WSW population is 20 people and direct-WSW population is 233 people. Determining the size for sample in hypothesis test using Lameshow formula by ratio 1:2 is gotten indirect-WSW sample for 20 people by total sampling technique and direct-WSW sample for 42 people by simple random sampling technique. The variables are characteristic and practice of both sample group. The result of the study shows that both respondent group are having high the practice of condom usage in preventing HIV in direct-WSW 73% and indirect-WSW 30%. The conclusion from this study is there is different practice in condom usage to direct-WSW and indirect-WSW in preventing HIV in Sidoarjo. The suggestion for further researchers to be able to expand the research sample, add other variable, and expand different research methodology like quantitative and experiment.Keywords: practice, Direct-WSW, Indirect-WSW, condom usage behavior, HIV prevention
Quality of Life in Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Yanih Irma
Published: February 2017

Saat ini jumlah penderita Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) terus meningkat dari tahun ketahun. Penyakit SLE ini diketahui banyak menyerang wanita dengan usia antara 15-45 tahun. Pengobatan untuk penderita SLE saat ini hanya berguna untuk meredakan atau menghilangkan gejala yang muncul, namun belum dapat menyembuhkan sepenuhnya, sehingga suatu saat gejala dapat kembali muncul.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran kualitas hidup yang dimiliki oleh 13 penderita SLE ditinjau dari kesehatan fisik, kesehatan emosional, citra diri, rasa sakit, perencanaan, kelelahan, hubungan intim dan beban bagi orang lain. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan rancang bangun studi kasus pada 13 orang penderita SLE yang bertempat tinggal di Surabaya dan merupakan anggota dari Yayasan Lupus Indonesia cabang Jawa Timur. Data primer diperoleh dariwawancara kepada responden dengan bantuan kuesioner LupusQoL dan pengukuran berat badan dengan bantuan timbangan berat badan digital.Pada penelitian ini terdapat 13 orang penderita SLE dengan jenis kelamin wanita yang berusia antara 15-40 tahun, berpendidikan tinggi dengan status gizi yang normal, memiliki pekerjaan dan berpendapatan Rp > 1.740.000, telah menderita SLE > 5 tahun dan memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mengenai Lupus dan SLE. Kualitas hidup yang dimiliki oleh penderita SLE menunjukkan nilai yang baik di 3 aspek yakni pada aspek citra diri, dan kesehatan fisik. Pada aspek kelelahan, rasa sakitdan beban pada orang lain masih ditemukan pasien yang memiliki kualitas buruk.Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah responden yang merupakan penderita SLE mayoritas memiliki kualitas hidup yang cukup baik kecuali aspek rasa sakit, kelelahan dan beban pada orang lain.
Evaluation of Pre-disaster Planning of Bengawan Solo River Flood Bojonegoro Regency Year 2014
Authors: Mirahesti Enov Sayu Mimanggar
Published: February 2017

Early year of 2014 flood was ranked first in the natural disasters with 69 incidences. Bengawan Solo floods is an annual natural disastersin Bojonegoro. Study’s results in 2011 showed that RHA activities was not maximum that pre-disaster activities should be evaluated. Based on management functions, planning is the very first step. Evaluation of pre-disaster planning is the earliest thing to do to minimize the disasters impact. This study aimed to evaluate activities of floods pre-disaster planning in Bojonegoro year 2014. Data were collected by interview anddocument study. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that based on input components, SOP and facilities had met the standard, while the staff, the type of data, and funds had’nt metthe standard yet. Based on process component, contingency planning had been done according to the standard. Both geomedic mapping and identification of social and economic in the process of activities planning of prevention, mitigation, and disaster response preparedness actions didn’t conduct. Based on the output component, the health department already had a contingency plan, but didn’t have geomedic maps and prevention, mitigation, and disaster response preparedness actions plan. This study concluded that pre-disaster planning activities of Bojonegoro Regency Health Office wasn’t good. The suggestion given are control SOP, increase the staff amount, complete thedata types, allocate funds, make budgettaryplanning, provide vehicles, conduct identification of social and economic, give training to staffs, and make outline of the geomedicmap and prevention, mitigation, and disaster response preparedness actions plan.Keywords: planning, pre-disaster, floods
The Relationship between Knowledge, Sickness Period, and Intraocular Pressure to the Quality of Life of Glaucoma Patient
Authors: Ananda Efifta Pratama
Published: February 2017

Eyes are an important sense because it has function to collect visual information, eyes can be in emergency condition if the function of sight got threatened. Glaucoma is the second causes of blindness after cataract which is permanent or irreversible. It can decrease the quality of life’s glaucomapatient. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between knowledge, sickness period and intraocular pressure to the quality of life of glaucoma patient. This study is an  analytical observation study which used sectional cross design study. The sample of this study were primary glaucoma patients and secondary glaucoma which have medical treatment in Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya. The sample was choosen by systematic random sampling and the total number of sample are 68 peoples. The data have collected by having interview the glaucoma patients and seeing the medical records. To process the data, the writer used Chi Square analysis or Fisher Exact with 95% significance. The result of the study showed that there is a relationship between knowledge (p =0,033) and sickness period (p =0,035), while the intraocular pressure is not related to the quality of life’s of glaucoma patients in Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya. The conclusion of this study is knowledge and sickness period have a relationship to the quality of life of glaucoma patients, while intraocular pressure is not related to the quality of life of glaucoma sufferers. The suggestion is to do early detection to people who have risk to get glaucoma and give an education about glaucoma disease to increase the quality of life of glaucoma sufferers. Keywords: The quality of life, glaucoma, knowledge, sickness period
Implications of New Technological Adaptions on Switching Barriers
Authors: Karunarathne E.A.C.P. , Jing Zhang
Published: February 2017

With the technological advancements in the past few years in the mobile telecommunication industry, customer requirements and their behavioral patterns changed a lot. Implications of two of most popular such technological approaches which are independent from the service provider were discussed in this paper.  Usually, firms have identified the value of maintaining a higher level of switching barriers since it is one kind of successful strategic aspects in mobile telecommunication. But, the importance of these strategies was challenged with the adoptions of new technologies. Therefore, to study its’ implication, data set was obtained by conducting a survey from randomly select mobile subscribers in Sri Lanka. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, t-test and factorial ANOVA test were used for the data analysis purpose. According to the analysis, it is revealed that these two technological advancements are weakened the level of switching barriers significantly. It may allow subscribers to switch service providers easily. On the other hand, subscribers with higher relationship age are having the highest switching barrier level even though they are users of those new technologies. But a significant difference among users and non-users has been identified through the study. Thus, policy makers are required to come up with new strategies to retain those subscribers within the network.
Assessment of Critical Success Factors of TQM Culture in Hospitality Sector in Kosovo
Authors: Zylfijaj Rejhane , Pira Bujar
Published: February 2017

This paper attemts to ilustrate how the managers and the staff of a 5 star hotel in Kosovo define quality. Furthermore, it explores the number of critical success factors related to TQM culture and how they are applied in the hotel operations. Different theories related to the quality in the field of service provision, more particular in hospitality or hotel sector and the introduction of the TQM culture in the same sector. A conceptual framework based on existing theories and literature is developed which is than confirms through the research findings and analysis. The findings suggest that most features associated with TQM, like critical success factors assessed throughout the research (leadership, customer focus, and training, communication, teams and staff empowerment) can produce an advantage for the 5 star hotel operations that will affect the quality of service. Furthermore, it confirms that some of the TQM aspects are applied and can be applied in 5 star hotel operations in Kosovo. The issue is whether these aspects are understood as TQM principles and whether their added value is embraced in the day-to-day running of the hotel. The outcomes imply that, indeed, the TQM culture is present in the The Hotel, a 5 star hotel in Kosovo. Some of the critical success factors are directly linked to TQM and some less and it also provides suggestions for improvement where needed, especially related to specific tools that are integral parts of the TQM culture.
Twitter: ¿el nuevo PubMed?
Authors: Tejera Pérez Cristina , Bellido Guerrero Diego
Published: February 2017

Twitter es una red social tipo microbloggingque se basa en la generación de mensajes o tuits limitados a 140 caracteres que pueden ir acompañados de enlaces y fotografías. Desde 2006, esta red ha ido creciendo, acumulando más de 300 millones de usuarios activos, que tuitean 65 millones de mensajes al día y vehiculan más de 800.000 peticiones de búsqueda en esas 24 horas. En esta inmediatez y brevedad reside su éxito. Se trata de una gran plataforma de comunicación que conecta a emisor y receptor y los agrupa según sus intereses. Cada tema o topicse identifica con una o varias palabras clave, lo que se denomina #hashtagy posibilita seguir el ritmo de la conversación tanto en directo como en diferido.
Relevancia del soporte nutricional especializado en las declaraciones de voluntades anticipadas. Experiencia de un centro hospitalario de especialidades
Authors: Cabeza de Vaca Pedrosa María José , Aguilar Diosdado Manuel , Vizcaya Rojas Miguel Ángel , Novalbos Ruiz José Pedro , Lorenzo Peñuelas Antonio , Valero Cabeza de Vaca José Antonio
Published: February 2017

Introducción: la declaración de voluntades anticipadas (DVA) es un documento que contiene las preferencias sobre los cuidados y tratamientos sanitarios que se desea recibir cuando no se tenga capacidad para expresarlos.Objetivo: estudiar el contenido de las DVA inscritas en la sede del Registro de Voluntades Anticipadas del Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, respecto al soporte nutricional especializado (SNE) e hidratación en el periodo de noviembre 2013 a diciembre 2015.Método: estudio transversal realizado sobre el contenido de las DVA inscritas en el modelo del Decreto 59/2012. Se estudian 9 variables de relevancia relacionadas con el SNE e hidratación en las DVA.Resultados: se analizan 414 DVA de las que el 60% corresponden a mujeres. La edad media de los declarantes es 55,2 años. El 41,7% inscribieron su DVA por automotivación. El 84,78% no desea recibir nutrición parenteral, el 91,06% rechaza la alimentación mediante tubo de gastrostomía y el 89,37% no desea recibir la sonda nasogástrica. La hidratación es rechazada por el 71,26%. Las tres posibles opciones de SNE dependen significativamente de la edad del declarante (p < 0,001) pero no así la hidratación. Ambos, SNE e hidratación, sí se asociaron significativamente con los motivos para inscribir las voluntades anticipadas (p < 0,001).Conclusiones: la edad es el principal factor que condiciona la opción de aceptación o rechazo de SNE. Por el contrario, la elección de la hidratación no está condicionada por la edad. Los motivos por los que se inscriben los otorgantes son otro determinante en la elección de si desean recibir o no SNE e hidratación.
An iterative method for non-autonomous nonlocal reaction-diffusion equations
Authors: Caraballo Tomás , Herrera-Cobos Marta , Marín-Rubio Pedro
Published: February 2017

In this paper we provide a method to prove the existence of weak solutions for a type of non-autonomous nonlocal reaction-diffusion equations. Due to the presence of the nonlocal operator in the diffusion term, we cannot apply the Monotonicity Method directly. To use it, we build an auxiliary problem with linear diffusion and later, through iterations and compactness arguments, we show the existence of solutions for the nonlocal problem.
Risk Management Strategies using Precision Agriculture Technology to Manage Potato Late Blight
Authors: Liu Yangxuan , Langemeier Michael R. , Small Ian M. , Joseph Laura , Fry William E.
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

The benefits of adopting precision farming technology was investivated in scheduling fungicide applications to manage potato late blight.

The precision farming technology is the preferred method to schedule fungicide applications in terms of disease suppression, net return per 0.41 ha, and risk‐adjusted net return.

The increased adoption of the precision farming technology would help manage late blight, limit potential crop losses, and improve net returns.

Precision agriculture has emerged as a revolutionary technology, which transforms farming related data into useful information for agricultural decision‐making. This paper compares precision farming technology with calendar‐based approach in scheduling fungicide applications to manage potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) late blight disease. Three fungicide scheduling strategies were evaluated: calendar‐based strategy, BlightPro decision support system based strategy (DSS‐based strategy), and unsprayed control. Using results from 14 yr of computer simulation experiments for 59 locations in the United States, we constructed distributions of net return to all costs excluding fungicide cost and application cost per 0.41 ha (net return per 0.41 ha) for the calendar‐based and DSS‐based strategies at each location. These distributions were then compared using three risk management methods: stochastic dominance, stochastic dominance with respect to a function, and stochastic efficiency with respect to a function. The DSS‐based strategy was identified as the most effective approach to manage late blight in terms of disease suppression, net return per 0.41 ha, and risk‐adjusted net return. Results indicate that the DSS‐based strategy is the preferred method to schedule fungicide applications. Under high disease pressure circumstances, the economic benefits to potato growers of adopting the precision agriculture technology ranged from US$30 to $573 per 0.41 ha. For risk neutral individuals, who are concerned about the difference between average net return per 0.41 ha, the benefits ranged from $30 to $305 per 0.41 ha. Except for growers raising the moderately resistant potato cultivars, more risk averse individuals tended to benefit more from adopting the precision agriculture technology, with benefits ranging from $38 to $573 per 0.41 ha.
Impact of the copper industry on the content of selected heavy metals and biochemical indicators in the blood of dairy cows
Authors: Kołacz Roman , Dobrzański Zbigniew , Kupczyński Robert , Cwynar Przemysław , Opaliński Sebastian , Pogoda-Sewerniak Krystyna
Published: February 2017

The aim of the study was to compare the levels of selected blood parameters of dairy cattle in an area with copper industry (LGOM, area I, n = 21) and the Wroclaw agricultural suburban area (area II, n = 20). The concentration of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (atomic absorption spectrometry method) and Hg (spectrometric method) was analysed in full blood. However, other parameters were determined in the blood serum: Ca, P (inorganic), Mg and Fe (photometric method), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) – an enzyme test in accordance with the recommendations of the IFCC, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) – the test optimized according to the guidelines DGKC, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) – kinetic photometric test. Biochemical parameters in blood serum were determined with the use of an automatic biochemical analyser type Pentra 400 and reagents of Horiba ABX (France). Furthermore, the analysis covered: the total antioxidant capacity (TAS) – colorimetric assay based on the ABTS and peroxidase reaction as well as the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) – colorimetric test based on the reduction of glutathione (GSSG) in the presence of NADPH. These parameters were determined with the use of the same analyser and commercial assays kit of Randox company. The Cd concentration in both areas was very low and did not exceed 1.65 µg/l, while the Pb concentration in the LGOM region was 0.021 mg/l and 0.031 mg/l in area II. The level of mercury in area I in both regions was similar (about 0.03 µg/l). The copper content was significantly higher in area I than in region II (1.67 mgl/l and 0.72 mg/l respectively), which indicates the possibility of industry impact on copper accumulation in cows. The Zn concentration was significantly lower in the LGOM region than in area II (2.50 mg/l) in contrast to Cu. The AST activity was significantly lower in area I (66.56 U/l) than in area II (75.49 U/l). Similar findings were reported with GGT activity (lower concentration in area I – 21.42 U/l). The LDH levels in animals were similar in both areas (2015.0 and 1976.2 U/l respectively), as were TAS (1.12 and 1.16 mmol/l) and GR (422.4 and 429.3 U/l). Mean activity of AST and GGT in cows were present in both areas, reaching ranges of the reference values, but the activity of LDH was significantly higher. There are no reference values for TAS and GR. Similar concentrations of Ca, Mg and Fe were noticed in both regions during the study, while the content of P was significantly higher in area I. The mean concentration of detected macroelements were in the reference ranges. The analysis proved that the cooper industry does not negatively affect the content of biochemical parameters in the blood of dairy cows.
Free-living animals as a source of zoonotic microorganisms
Authors: Żmudzki Jacek
Published: February 2017

Free-living animals mainly representing Chioptera (particularly bats), Rodentia, Aves and Carnivora are a source of a number of zoonotic pathogens responsible for significant worldwide human morbidity and mortality. The role of bats and rodents as the primary hosts of zoonotic microorganisms has been extensively characterized. The next important group represented by Paramyxoviridae, followed by Filoviridae (Marburg and Ebola viruses), as well as SARS coronavirus have been also reviewed. Avian influenza viruses are precursors of human influenza A viruses. They might be transmitted directly from free-ranging birds and poultry to humans. The importance of vectors in pathogen transmission from free-living animals to humans has been presented.
Nanoscale Fe/Ag particles activated persulfate: optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: Silveira Jefferson E. , Barreto-Rodrigues Marcio , Cardoso Tais O. , Pliego Gema , Munoz Macarena , Zazo Juan A. , Casas José A.
Published: February 2017

This work studied the bimetallic nanoparticles Fe-Ag (nZVI-Ag) activated persulfate (PS) in aqueous solution using response surface methodology. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize three parameters (nZVI-Ag dose, reaction temperature, and PS concentration) using 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as the target pollutant. The synthesis of nZVI-Ag particles was carried out through a reduction of FeCl2 with NaBH4 followed by reductive deposition of Ag. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. The BBD was considered a satisfactory model to optimize the process. Confirmatory tests were carried out using predicted and experimental values under the optimal conditions (50 mg L−1 nZVI-Ag, 21 mM PS at 57 °C) and the complete removal of 4-CP achieved experimentally was successfully predicted by the model, whereas the mineralization degree predicted (90%) was slightly overestimated against the measured data (83%).
Investigação de alterações eletrocardiográficas em gatas (Felis catus) submetidas a pneumoperitônio
Authors: Silva Jéssica DRT , Alves José E O , Martins Camila X , Vieira Guilherme S , Antunes Fernanda
Published: February 2017

O pneumoperitônio consiste na insuflação da cavidade abdominal com gás para realização de técnicas cirúrgicas laparoscópicas. Todavia, apesar de suas indicações, o estabelecimento do pneumoperitônio está associado a diversas alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias. O presente estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de alterações eletrocardiográficas decorrentes da insuflação peritoneal com CO2 durante a videolaparoscopia em gatas. Para isto, foram utilizadas 10 gatas adultas e hígidas, premedicadas com cloridrato de cetamina (15 mg.kg-1) e midazolam (0,2 mg.kg-1) e anestesiadas com isoflurano, submetidas a pneumoperitônio durante OSH eletiva por videolaparoscopia. O traçado eletrocardiográfico foi avaliado em diferentes momentos através de eletrocardiógrafo Funbec® ECG5. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por análise de variância (ANOVA) e posteriormente analisados pelo teste t de Student e teste de Tukey, considerando significantes valores de p<0,05. As variações observadas no eletrocardiograma não representaram diferenças estatísticas quando analisadas pelos testes estatísticos realizados. Conclui-se que o pneumoperitônio com CO2 a uma pressão de 15 mmHg não gera alterações eletrocardiográficas em gatas anestesiadas com isoflurano. Novos estudos abrangendo também a avaliação de eletrólitos e do pH sanguíneo podem ser realizados para melhor entendimento dos mecanismos envolvidos na insuflação peritoneal com CO2 durante a videocirurgia.
Prevalência do Tabagismo entre os estudantes de Medicina da Universidade Severino Sombra
Authors: Werneck Fernando De Almeida , Souza Nathalye Emanuelle , Máximo Cartier Lyssa Caroline , Lourenço Cintia , Delgado Pedro Marcos Magalhães , Menezes Camila
Published: February 2017

O tabagismo é a principal causa evitável de morbidade e morte prematura. No Brasil, estima-se que ocorram 200 mil óbitos anuais relacionados ao tabaco. A educação médica é uma importante ferramenta no controle e prevenção do tabagismo. O início da vida universitária pode se fazer em período de difícil adaptação, constituindo-se uma fase vulnerável ao início e à manutenção do uso de tabaco. Medidas antitabágicas, tem sido aplicadas nos últimos anos direcionadas prioritariamente a essa população. Objetivo: Quantificar a prevalência de tabagistas e as atitudes relacionadas ao tabagismo entre estudantes de Medicina da Universidade Severino Sombra (USS), em Vassouras--RJ. Metodologia: Um estudo transversal, foi realizado com 199 acadêmicos das turmas do 5º, 6º e 7º períodos letivos de Medicina da Universidade Severino Sombra (USS) do segundo semestre do ano de 2013. Questionários foram aplicados, após explanação da pesquisa, contendo perguntas sobre aspectos biológicos e demográficos alem de tabagismo entre os pais Resultados: 92 estudantes (46,2%) eram fumantes, fumantes ocasionais ou ex-fumantes; 107 (53,8%) declararam nunca terem fumado. Conclusão: O número de estudantes tabagistas foi considerado elevado, e informações sobre os malefícios do tabagismo devem ser intensificadas principalmente entre os estudantes de medicina pela sua importância como exemplo de saúde para a população em geral.
The Role of Target Therapy in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Noncolorectal Cancers: Clinical Impact and Cost Consideration
Authors: Berretta Massimiliano , Romano Carmela , Di Francia Raffaele , De Diviitis Chiara , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Caraglia Michele , Facchini Gaetano , Nasti Guglielmo
Published: February 2017

Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors are among the leading cause of death in cancer patients
worldwide. Particularly, gastric cancer (GC) is the third cause of cancer deaths, whereas esophageal
neoplasm is the eighth leading most common cancer worldwide and its incidence, especially adenocarcinoma
type, is continuously increasing. Also, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma
and pancreatic cancer represent a very interesting model to multidisciplinary approach and recently
new drugs are used in their treatment. Currently, new clinical trials are designed including classic
chemotherapy in association with either small molecule inhibitors (i.e. Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors)
and/or monoclonal antibody (i.e. anti-EGFR antibody). Moreover, a comprehensive list of new
molecules for target therapy is included in this issue. The development of new treatment modalities
(multidisciplinary approach) and targeted therapy approaches have contributed to improving the outcome
in these cancer diseases. During the past few years, remarkable progress in molecular biology
of malignancy, the discovery of specific targets, and the resulting development of systemic drugs
that block critical kinases and several molecular pathways have all contributed to progress in cancer
treatment, also in GI non-colorectal cancer treatment.
A Sensitive Method for the Measurement of Copper at Trace Levels Using an HPLC-Based Assay
Authors: Dearling Jason L.J. , Packard Alan B.
Published: February 2017

Background: Measurement of trace metal contamination is critical in the production of
radiometals, such as 64Cu, for protein labeling. ICP-MS provides these data with high sensitivity and
high specificity, but at high (instrument) cost. TETA (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-
tetraacetic acid) titration provides high sensitivity at low cost but with low specificity. A method that
allowed the measurement of trace metals with high sensitivity but also at relatively low cost would,
therefore, be very useful in the development of new radiometal production methods.

Objective: The goal of this project was to develop an analytical method for copper that uses readily
available laboratory equipment while minimally achieving low ppm sensitivity.

Method: The metal-chelating macrocycle 2-(4-aminobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,
10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) was coupled to fluorescein to produce a molecule that combines high
UV absorbance and high quantum yield with the ability to chelate a wide range of transition metals.
The fluorescein-DOTA was mixed with Cu(II) samples at low ppm concentrations, and the samples
were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC.

Results: Copper chelation by the DOTA moiety decreased its overall charge, leading to a delayed
elution from a C18 HPLC column. The absorbance signal of the fluorescein-DOTA-Cu(II) peak (453
nm) linearly correlated with the copper concentration allowing measurement of Cu(II) down to 1.25
ppm. Furthermore, using fluorescence detection (521 nm) the detection limit was reduced by almost
three orders of magnitude, to 2.5 ppb (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Using a fluorescent dye (fluorescein) coupled to a macrocyclic chelator (DOTA) and an
HPLC equipped with a standard UV detector is it possible to measure Cu at ppm concentrations, the
Cu concentration observed in typical samples of 64Cu.
Late Endocrine Effect for Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Miyagawa Shinichiro
Published: February 2017

In recent years, the treatment and diagnosis of childhood cancer has led to
dramatic improvements in survival rates. Approximately, 75-80% of affected children
survived a malignant disease. However, the improvement in prognosis has been
achieved at the expense of serious late effects from cancer and cancer treatment.
Endocrinological late effects are the most common problem and were found in
approximately 20-30% of child cancer survivors (CCSs). Endocrinologists should
participate in the follow-up of CCSs in collaboration with pediatric oncologists.
Further, long-term follow up is necessary for CCSs because treatment-related
complications may occur during childhood and many years after therapy.
Depression: A Novel Mechanism of Antidepressant Action with a Focus on Astrocytes
Authors: Takebayashi Minoru , Hisaoka-Nakashima Kazue , Okada- Tsuchioka Mami , Shibasaki Chiyo , Abe Hiromi , Kajitani Naoto
Published: February 2017

Postmortem studies of patients with depression show a reduction of glial
cells and altered expression of glia-related genes in restricted areas of the brain,
suggesting that glia are part of a neural network affected in the pathophysiology and
treatment of the disorder. Glia, especially astrocytes, are major components in the CNS
and play a role in the storage of several types of neurotrophic factors that might be
systematically associated with the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. The
expression of neurotrophic factors caused by antidepressants in glia is regulated by not
only a monoamine-dependent, but also a monoamine-independent mechanism. Our
data demonstrated that astrocytes stimulated by an antidepressant may be important
mediators that produce several neurotrophic/growth factors, especially GDNF and
FGF-2, through a de novo protein synthesis-dependent and a monoamine-independent
mechanism. Antidepressants act directly on astrocytes to increase GDNF production
after the activation of the FGFR/FRS2alpha/ERK/CREB signaling cascade via a MMPdependent
shedding of FGFR ligands. Clarifying monoamine-independent novel targets
of antidepressants in astrocytes may contribute to the development of more effective
treatments for depression.
End-of-Life Care
Authors: Sunada Shoji , Sanemori Naomi , Itagaki Kei , Hatanaka Nobutaka , Shimizu Yosuke , Nakano Kikuo
Published: February 2017

We describe the significance of the end-of-life care for cancer patients based
on our experience. During the terminal phase of cancer, particularly within the final
two months, physical function rapidly declines and various symptoms appear;
therefore, a prompt response is required to alleviate symptoms. Treatment must be
selected in accordance with the patient’s wishes to reduce their symptoms. Advance
care planning (ACP) is primarily done by the patient and their family, and is sustained
collaboratively by the supporting medical team, and not the unilateral “elicitation of a
commitment” from the patient by the medical staff. ACP increases patient and family
satisfaction during the end-of-life stage, and alleviates anxiety and depression among
survivors after the death of a patient. Performing symptom control during the end-oflife
stage of the patient is important with no demand for explanations. The use of
morphine is recommended as drug therapy for dyspnea. Treatment of death rattle
involves administering anticholinergic drugs and reducing intravenous (IV) infusions.
It is important to provide families with explanations and make considerations for their
inquiries. Routine assessments and corrections must be conducted using a guideline for
intravenous infusions of 1,000 ml or less per day. Unbearable pain can remain in the
end-of-life stage, even after palliative treatment has been performed. In these cases,
sedation is performed after sufficient assessment of pain and after obtaining agreement
from the medical team and consent from the patient and family following an
explanation.
The Hospital Information System Using Two Separate Virtual Servers Connected to the Internet with Strong Security
Authors: Kawamoto Toshiharu
Published: February 2017

To achieve both security and convenience of hospital information systems,
we introduced two virtual servers; one with an Internet connection and the other using
electronic medical records not connected to the Internet. Electronic medical records and
other applications, such as mailer, Microsoft office products, and Internet browser,
were ran by Citrix XenApp™, a product of an application virtualization. The virtual
servers connected to the Internet and the virtual servers for the electronic medical
records were isolated, and the interface between the two was strictly cutting off. Clients
were based on the thin and thick client principles, and ordinary personal computers
were allowed for applications not installed in the virtual servers. We set up personal
data and unit data repositories in the virtual server that was connected to the Internet.
Therefore, when users logged in using the contact type IC card to authenticate the
active directory, they were able to operate both the electronic medical records and the
shared data repositories anywhere in the hospital. Users could search the Internet even
while writing electronic medical records, and the number of PCs connected to the
electric medical records was increase significantly, which resulted in additional
expansion of the blade servers. To develop the virtualization system of the HIS,
stabilization of virtualization technology, virtual license fee of applications, and
improvement of management capacity will be required.
Los espacios invisibles: Subordinación, marginalidad y exclusión de los territorios no irrigados en las tierras secas de Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Montaña Elma , Torres Laura M. , Abraham Elena M. , Torres Eduardo , Pastor Gabriela
Published: February 2017

En el presente trabajo se analiza el proceso de configuración territorial de Mendoza, Argentina, representativo de otros pertenecientes a tierras secas de América Latina, en el marco de la concepción de las "nuevas periferias" asociadas a la reestructuración de las economías. La fragmentación territorial actual sería el producto de una misma lógica que, mientras concentra recursos, población y poder en una pequeña porción del territorio -los oasis irrigados-, lo hace a costa del despojo o agotamiento de recursos y grupos sociales minoritarios de los espacios desérticos. Éstos no tienen cabida en el imaginario local, no forman parte de la identidad de su sociedad y constituyen verdaderos "espacios invisibles" que se integran al modelo desde su subordinación, su vulnerabilidad, y se aproximan progresivamente a la exclusión.
Análisis comparativo del desarrollo humano en los estados de Chihuahua y Sinaloa, 1995-2000
Authors: Zamudio Sánchez Francisco José , Romo Lozano José Luis , Morales Morales Ulio César
Published: February 2017

El análisis comparativo del desarrollo humano de los estados mexicanos de Chihuahua y Sinaloa, entre 1995 y 2000 presentado aquí, está basado principal-mente en tres índices de desarrollo humano (IDH): con producto interno bruto per cápita (IDHP), con servicios (IDHS) y el relativo al género (IDG).También se incluye el análisis del grado de inequidad (INQIDHP) a escala estatal y municipal, vía el índice de Gini aplicado al IDHP. Así mismo, se utiliza un método novedoso denominado curvas de calidad.
Conflicto y negociación por el agua del Nazas, 1888-1936: Del dominio público a la propiedad nacional
Authors: Romero Navarrete Lourdes
Published: February 2017

Este artículo plantea la institucionalización de los derechos de agua en México, a partir de la problemática generada en la región de La Laguna, en torno al río Nazas, a fines del siglo XIX y primera mitad del XX, y como resultado de un proceso de conflicto-negociación asociado a los principios ideológicos y al andamiaje institucional del modelo de democracia, adoptado por el país desde 1824. La investigación cubre dos momentos relevantes de dicho proceso: el fin del gobierno porfirista, durante el cual se decretó el dominio público de las principales corrientes y cuerpos de agua y el periodo posterior a la revolución, cuando se concretaron los derechos de agua de acuerdo con uno de los principios emblemáticos de la democracia mexicana: la propiedad nacional.
Marcos interpretativos, identidad e imaginario en el mexica movement
Authors: Chihu Amparán Aquiles
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el mexica movement, a través de su discurso e imaginario, representados en un conjunto de utopías, símbolos, mitos y creencias, que revitalizan la cultura y el pasado mesoamericano. Se aplica la metodología del análisis de los marcos (frame analysis), con sus cinco partes: el protagonista, el problema, el antagonista, las metas y la audiencia. En el estudio de los movimientos sociales ha prevalecido el análisis de los aspectos políticos y estructurales, aquí a dichos movimientos se les observa en función de sus capacidades como productores de significados, que contribuyen a conformar su identidad colectiva.