bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DE COSTAS PARA A AMÉRICA, DE FRENTE PARA A EUROPA: A ORIENTAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA EXTERNA DO IMPERIO DO BRASIL
Authors: Ribas Miranda osé Augusto
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo presenta un balance de la orientación de la política exterior del Imperio de Brasil (1822-1889). Como monarquía y con vínculos dinásticos con Europa, Brasil proyectó una política exterior más orientada a las cortes europeas que a las salas presidenciales latinoamericanas. A esto se deben las bases legitimadoras de la monarquía brasileña y de las repúblicas hispánicas y la visión de civilización y monarquía presente en la elite imperial. Para demostrar la orientación europea de la política exterior brasileña, se elaboraron gráficos y tablas de los funcionarios de Itamaraty y sus respectivas gradaciones jerárquicas ubicadas en los países con los que el Imperio poseía representación diplomática.
“PARA NO PONER EN PELIGRO LA SANTA POBREZA”. ECONOMÍA MATERIAL EN EL COLEGIO DE MISIONES DE CHILLÁN, 1756-1817
Authors: Leal Pino Cristián , Rex Galindo David
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza la economía material del colegio franciscano de propaganda fide de San Ildefonso de Chillán durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y los inicios del XIX, haciendo hincapié en las condiciones económicas desde una perspectiva monetaria como material, relacionado con el sustento corporal y espiritual del religioso y misionero. Nuestro objetivo es observar el concepto de pobreza que los frailes misioneros de Chillán practicaban en una época de cambios en materia económica en el Reino de Chile. Para ello hemos contado con una documentación existente en los archivos de Propaganda Fide de Roma, General de Indias, Histórico Nacional de España, Santiago de Compostela y Franciscano de Chile, la cual permitió conocer la realidad material del Colegio de Misiones de Chillán en el tránsito del siglo XVIII al XIX. Metodológicamente, contrastamos el ideal de pobreza establecido en su Regla y Estatutos, el cual conminaba a los frailes a vivir con rigurosidad dicho voto, y la realidad cotidiana de los religiosos expresada en sus cartas e informes. La documentación no sólo daba cuenta de sus positivas condiciones materiales de vida, sino que también de los cuestionamientos que los frailes seráficos hacían respecto a la pobreza, generando en más de alguno cargo de conciencia. Las disputas por terrenos, dineros y bienes en general, existieron, olvidando lo dispuesto en su Regla y Estatutos
La música en la Antigua Grecia
Authors: Redondo Reyes Pedro , Pérez Cartagena Francisco Javier
Published: July 2021

Tradicionalmente, el estudio sobre la historia de la música en Occidente comenzaba en la Edad Media, un período en el que la documentación escrita, iconográfica y organológica permitía un conocimiento profundo de las características de su música, tanto profana como sacra. En los últimos años, sin embargo, se ha producido en el ámbito de los estudios clásicos una relectura atenta de las fuentes, especialmente griegas, favorecida por la aparición de material papiráceo, lo que ha permitido avanzar en el conocimiento de la música en la Hélade, sobre todo a partir del siglo V a. C.: contextos literarios (acompañaba a distintos géneros literarios como la tragedia o la épica), cultuales, su apreciación filosófica y erudita, sus características técnicas y organológicas e incluso cómo sonaba esta música gracias a la interpretación de las pocas “partituras” conservadas. Aunque con la caída del Imperio Romano y el triunfo del cristianismo se produjo un colapso de las estructuras y fenómenos culturales paganos, hoy disponemos de un conocimiento bastante aceptable de lo que fue un elemento estético muy apreciado por los antiguos. Podemos, así, entender mejor los inicios de la música medieval, sobre todo en Occidente.
Historia de la música y Edad Moderna: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Capdepón Verdú Paulino
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de los distintos períodos musicales que conforman la Edad Moderna en Europa, teniendo en cuenta desde un punto de vista crítico el actual estado de la cuestión en materia bibliográfica. Cada período es definido previamente según la problemática cronológica y conforme a sus características técnicas, estéticas y estilísticas.
The rescue of the genre through historiographical confusion: María Fernández Coronel, Queen María de Molina’s governess
Authors: Marchant Rivera Alicia
Published: July 2021

La principal connotación que ha acompañado a María Fernández Coronel como personaje histórico ha sido la de figurar en los anales como el aya de la reina María de Molina. Frente a los numerosos estudios dedicados a la soberana medieval, la figura de su aya permanece opaca y olvidada en la mayoría de estas publicaciones. Gran parte de la historiografía que incorpora referencias a la figura de María Fernández Coronel (Ambrosio de Morales, Jacobo de Castro, el Monje Arturo…) ha contribuido con sus erróneos datos a que escaseen, o incluso no existan, trabajos íntegros dedicados a esta figura histórica femenina. En el presente estudio analizaremos algunos episodios del reinado de María de Molina en los que se destacaron las habilidades de María Fernández Coronel. Cualidades como el silencio, o el constituirse en improvisado agente diplomático, se destacarán frente al abuso de la autoridad. De esta forma se podrá concluir en que reina y aya representan una práctica histórica basada en la idea de camino, en la idea de relación basada en la diferencia.
Ficciones de libertad en la Castilla moderna. Fiscalidad, poder y villazgo en el reino de Murcia (1665-1700)
Authors: Montojo Montojo Vicente , Muñoz Rodríguez Julio D.
Published: July 2021

Se revisan en este texto las concesiones de villazgos en el siglo XVII en el reino de Murcia, pues fueron muy pocos los del reinado de Felipe IV, como las del siglo XVIII. Pero se hace no desde el punto de vista de la mera concesión como merced regia, sino desde la articulación discursiva de los grupos que promovieron los villazgos y de los que se enfrentaron a ellos. De aquí el título del artículo, pues los motivos alegados por los promotores no se redujeron a ficciones de libertad. Se plantea además que la proliferación de villazgos fue paralela a una remodelación del espacio regnícola en superintendencias fiscales o de rentas provinciales y nuevos corregimientos, que entraron además en la almoneda de mercedes o concesiones característica de esta época.
La fisionomía del poder en la Castilla del siglo XVIII: poder jurisdiccional y poder concejil en Ávila
Authors: Pousa Diéguez Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

El territorio de los estados modernos europeos se articulaba en su base en torno a dos instituciones básicas jurisdicción y concejos. El presente trabajo pretende ofrecer una visión integral de esta articulación para el reino de Castilla. A través del Catastro de Ensenad y los censos de Aranda y Floridablanca se proporciona una radiografía general de su entramado administrativo, jurisdiccionalización, señorialización y el fenómeno municipal.
La visibilidad de la mujer a través las capitulaciones matrimoniales del mundo rural del norte de Aragón (siglos XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Jarque Martínez Encarna , Salas Auséns José Antonio
Published: July 2021

Tradicionalmente se ha concedido un papel subordinado a la mujer en las capitulaciones matrimoniales, documento básico en la regulación del régimen económico de la familia. Sin embargo, no eran raras las ocasiones en que la mujer alcanzaba protagonismo. El examen de varios centenares de capitulaciones del Alto Aragón nos ha permitido sacar a la luz esa realidad. Son muchos los casos en que sus progenitores u otros familiares la eligen como heredera, no siendo óbice la existencia de hermanos varones. Protagonismo también en las capitulaciones pactadas mediante la figura del agermanamiento, en el que la mujer aportaba la herencia y el varón la dote. Finalmente, protagonismo gracias a la viudedad foral, a la que se podía renunciar y que en ocasiones era sustituida por el “año de manto”, figura semejante al any de plor catalán y valenciano.
Does offering only the spherical contact lens trial to the low astigmats mislead the practitioners?
Authors:   Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Amity University, Haryana 122003, India; School of Health Sciences, Ansal University, Gurugram, Haryana 122003, India, Chaudhry Monica , Sharma Indra Prasad ,   Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Amity University, Haryana 122003, India; Gyalyum Kesang Choeden Wangchuck National Eye Center, JDW National Referral Hospital, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan, Mondal Soujanya ,   Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Amity University, Haryana 122003, India; Optsight Eye Care, HCB Road, Amulapatti, Near MFC, Sivasagar, Assam 785640, India
Published: July 2021

AIM: To compare the visual acuity (VA), comfort, and patient preference in a soft toric contact lens (TCL) versus soft spherical contact lens (SCL) in low astigmatic subjects during the contact lens (CL) trial.
METHODS: This subject-masked, block randomized, 2×2 crossover study recruited 40 neophyte subjects (80 eyes) aged 18 to 33y with astigmatism in the range of 0.75-1.25 D with or without spherical power from -6.00 D to +6.00 D. The participants were scheduled for two days CL trial and were fitted with the best-fit SCL and TCL. After 4h of wear, they were assessed objectively for high contrast VA and subjective vision, comfort, and preference.
RESULTS: The responses of 36 subjects (response rate 90%) with a mean age of 23.02±2.97y (range 18 to 33y) were analyzed. One-line improvement of monocular VA in the logMAR chart was reported to TCL as compared to SCL (-0.044±0.06 vs 0.04±0.03 logMAR, P=0.01) but the binocular vision remained similar (-0.12±0.07 vs -0.14±0.04 logMAR, P=0.38). Subjects felt a noticeable difference in clarity when shifted to TCL as compared to the SCL. The satisfaction with vision (vision quality) was significantly better with TCL (P=0.03). The fatigue with TCL was graded less at 2.5±0.6, compared to SCL at 4.6±1.3 (P=0.04). Thirty-three participants (91.6%) preferred to use contact lens of which 26 participants (79%) preferred TCL.
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that VA and comfort are better with TCL as compared to SCL which is only observed if the patient was offered both offering SCL with spherical equivalent power alone as the first option can mislead the practitioner; TCL trial should be the first choice of the lens in low-to-moderate astigmatism.
Comparative Study Based on De-Occlusion and Reconstruction of Face Images in Degraded Conditions
Authors: Ouannes Laila , Ben Khalifa Anouar , Essoukri Ben Amara Najoua
Published: July 2021

In the recent years, the face recognition task has attracted the attention of researchers due to its efficiency in several domains such as surveillance and access control. Unfortunately, there are multiple challenges that decrease the performance of face recognition. Partial occlusion is the most challenging one since it often causes a great lack of information. The main purpose of this paper is to prove that facial reconstruction improves the results of facial recognition compared to de-occlusion and full-face recognition in the presence of occlusion. Our objective is to achieve occluded-face recognition, de-occluded-face recognition, and reconstructed-face recognition. Regarding face reconstruction, we introduce two different methods based on Laplacian pyramid blending and CycleGANs. In order to validate our work, we perform two different feature extraction techniques: hand-crafted features and learned features exploiting the final layers of a pre-trained deep architecture model. The experimental results on the EURECOM Kinect Face Dataset (EKFD) and the IST-EURECOM Light Field Face Database (IST-EURECOM LFFD) show that the proposed face reconstruction approach, compared with the face de-occlusion and occluded-face recognition ones, clearly improves the face recognition task. Our method boosts the classification performance in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods, achieving 94.66% on EKFD and 72.35% on IST-EURECOM LFFD.
The Functional Outcome of Multisegmental Cervical Myelopathy Treated by Anterior Cervical Surgery
Authors: Tupe Pramod Pralhad , Agrawal Mukesh Omprakash
Published: July 2021

Background: Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition in which there is narrowing of cervical spinal canal and neural foramina secondarily due to multifactorial degenerative changes. In cervical spondylotic myelopathy there is spinal cord dysfunction. The degenerative changes cause reduction in disc height, facetalarthosis, motion abnormality, spur formation which leads to compression of the cervical spinal cord. Methods: In this prospective study 40 patients of cervical myelopathy radiculopathy and myeloradiculopathy were included in the study. After doing the anterior cervical surgery in Multisegmental Cervical Myelopathy, postoperatively all the patients were assessed for the functional outcome using MJOAss at postoperative interval of one month, three months and six months. Results: Mild, moderate and severe MJOAss (postoperative) at 6 months was present in 87.5%, 10% and 2.5% of the study population respectively. Hoarseness of voice (10%) was the most common complication followed by dysphagia (5%), graft site infection (2.5%) and myocardial infarction (2.5%) amongst the study population. Conclusion: Surgery is preferred in clinically evident Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy patients. The decision of surgery is made on the basis of disability duration, symptoms and cervical spinal stenosis which are outweighted to the risk of operative intervention. The purpose of surgery is to decompress the spinal cord and stabilise the spinal column.
Functional Outcome of Arthroscopic Reconstruction of Single Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament with 5 Strand Hamstring Autograft
Authors: Wagh Nitin , Mahajan Brijbhushan , Bhalerao Bhalchandra Prabhakar , Agrawal Nitish , Nebhani Nimesh , Rathod Yogesh
Published: July 2021

Background: Most commonly reconstructed ligament of knee is Anterior Cruciate Ligament that aims to halt or minimise the number of instability episodes 1. Testing with biomechanical parameters has shown that there is correlation between graft cross-sectional area and maximum load to failure 2. This study attempts to analyse the functional outcome of ACL reconstruction with 5 strands of hamstring autograft. Aims and Objectives: This study is based on hypothesis that larger graft will be stronger, stiffer providing better functional outcome. Materials & Methods: 35 Patients having ACL injury were treated at a tertiary care hospital; using a 5-strand hamstring graft, fixed with suspensory fixation at femoral side and aperture fixation at the tibial side. Cases were diagnosed with ACL on clinical examination & MRI. Tegner-lyshom score and International Knee Documentation Committee - Orthopaedic Scores (IKDC) is used post-operatively to grade the functional outcome of an ACL reconstruction. Results: Male predominance was observed in study subjects than female with left side slightly more commonly involved than right. Laterality didn't influenced outcome. Graft diameter observed is 9mm in 68.6%, 8 mm and 10 mm was observed in 11.4% and 20% respectively. Lysholm score at baseline was 41.63 which increased progressively to 93.45 at the end of 9 months. The IKDC score at baseline was 32.5 which increased progressively to 83.45 at the end of 12 months. Superficial infections was seen in 8.6% while complaint of knee pain was given by 2.9% cases. Lachman test was positive in 2 (5.7%) cases. Conclusion: Five-strand graft offers very high strength and more length than the 4ST. It is useful in patients with ligamentous laxity, small tendons, or other stability risk factors.
Clinical Profile and Management of Patients of Head Injury at a Tertiary Care Hospital – A Prospective Study
Authors: Borse Hemant , Rathod Chetan
Published: July 2021

Head injury is one of the commonest emergencies in surgical practice. It is one of the most common cause of death and disability among the young population between the age of 15 to 25 years. This is a cross-sectional study among 100 patients with head injury at a medical college and tertiary care hospital. Aims and Objectives: To study the clinical profile and outcome of patients with head including the role of the Glasgow Coma Scale in their prognosis. To study the CT scan findings of the brain and the clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at a Medical college and tertiary care hospital. 100 patients with head injury were enrolled in this study. Duration of the study was between December 2009 to November 2011. Conclusion: The commonest cause of head injury is road traffic accidents. Head injury is common in the young age of group of 21-30 years. Male: Female ratio of the head injury is 3:1 Almost one third of the patients had history of alcohol ingestion prior to the head injury. The commonest lesion in head injury is subdural hematoma. It is also the most lethal. Most of the head injuries were of mild type and only 5% patients required surgery. Only 10% of the patients had poor clinical outcome. Glasgow Coma Scale is very helpful in predicting the severity and clinical outcome of head injury patients.
Functional Outcome in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Single Row Repair of Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Wagh Nitin , Maniar Adit , Fuse Akshay , Apte Aditya , Bharadwaj Shantanu
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Rotator cuff tears is a severely debilitating condition widely prevelant amongst the elderly age group. Timely adequate repair is of utmost importance. Aims and Objectives: To study the functional outcome of arthroscopic single row repair for rotator cuff tears. Materials and Methodology: We enrolled 30 patients of rotator cuff tears. Each patient underwent arthrosocpic single row repair in the lateral position with concomitant sub acromial decompression. Post operative protocol included immobilisation for 6 weeks followed by active assisted range of motion at 6 weeks and strengthening exercises at 3 months. We assessed the patient pre operatively and post operatively at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months using Constant Score and Visual analog scale for pain. Results: There was significant improvement at every follow up with mean Constant Score increasing from pre operative to post operative stage at 6 months. According to individual relative Constant Score patients went from a mean of poor to good outcome. Visual analog scale for pain changed from a meanscore of severe to mild at 6 months post operatively. Conclusion: Arthroscopic single row repair is a simple, minimally invasive, cost effective procedure with good functional outcomes and pain relief.
Functional outcome of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Anterior Cervical Plating Among Patients of Cervical Disc Disease at a Tertiary Health Care Centre
Authors: Apte Aditya P. , Aware Sandeep , Maniar Adit , Bharadwaj Shantanu , Fuse Akshay
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Cervical spondylosis means osteoarthritis of cervical spinal column. The degenerative process mainly affects the vertebrae, neural foramina and the facet joints. It leads to compression of the spinal cord resulting in progressive neural cell loss and neurological deterioration in 40 to 60 % of patients. Cervical myelopathy is a constellation of symptoms and physical findings including motor and sensory abnormalities. Spasticity and paresis are frequently seen. The patient often complaints of gait disturbance due to abnormalities incorticospinal tract and spinal spinocerebellar tracts. There is also associated loss of grip strength and finger movements. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a commonly performed procedure to remove a herniated or degenerative disc. An incision is made in the anterior cervical region and the disc is then removed. A graft is then placed to fuse the vertebrae above and below the disc. ACDF was first described by Cloward, Smith and Robinson in 1958 and shortly later by Hirsch in 1960 who described anterior cervical decompression and debated the necessity for inter body fusion. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has been widely performed since the late 1950s and is currently recommended in patients in whom the nonoperative modalities for single level or multilevel disease have failed. Objectives: To study the functional outcome of cervical discectomy and fusion with anterior cervical plating among patients of cervical disc disease. Materials and Methods: 46 patients treated with ACDF with anterior cervical plating were considered in this study. Results and Conclusion: All the patients showed significant post-operative improvement in their symptoms and diagnostic scores. Thus, we can conclude that ACDF with anterior cervical plating is an efficient procedure in patients with cervical myelopathic symptoms not responding to conservative treatment.
A Study of Microbial Profile and Drug Resistance Pattern in the Patients with Diabetic Foot at a Tertiary Health Care Center
Authors: Bhamre Sudhir D. , Dikle Ajit M.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a serious and common complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). India has been called "the diabetes capital of the world.” The most common cause of morbidity and mortality in DFU is infections. Diabetic foot wounds are commonly infected, and infection leads to the formation of microthrombi causing further ischemia, necrosis, and progressive gangrene. These types of situations necessitate limb amputation. Thus, accurate diagnosis of the causative organism is essential for the management of these cases. Aims and Objectives: To Study microbial profile as well as drug resistance pattern in the patients having diabetic foot at a tertiary care center. Methodology: Approval from institutional ethical committee was obtained. 62 patients of diabetic foot were selected for the present study over 1 year. Wound discharge culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing were carried out using standard microbiological procedures. Result: In the study carried out it was observed that the majority of the patients fell under the age group consisting of those >60. The most common organism was Staphylococcus followed by Streptococci, Enterococcus. Gram positive organisms were most commonly sensitive to Vancomycin. Gram negative organisms were susceptible to Piperacillin-Tazobactum. Maximum resistance was found to be for Gentamycin. Conclusion: From the study it can be conclusively noticed that majority patients belonged to the age group consisting of >60 Yrs. Gram positive organisms showed highest sensitivity to Vancomycin. In case of Gram negative organism's antibiotic with highest sensitivity was Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Gentamicin was the drug with highest resistance. This resistance pattern to various pathogens in our study will be helpful in treatment of Diabetic foot in future.
Case Report of Rare Entity for Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Sultan Mohammad , Gattani Vipul , Chafekar Deodatta , Chafekar Neelima
Published: July 2021

Background: Atypical Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) is a genetic or acquired disorder of regulatory component of the complement system. It is associated with mutations in genes coding for complement components. The abnormality in components of complement makes it susceptible and predispose to chronic uncontrolled hyperactivation of the alternative complement pathway, which results in endothelial damage and microvascular thrombosis. This case report describes a patient diagnosed with Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) due to factor H autoantibody having haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury. Patient's anemia and renal parameters improved after treatment with plasma exchange therapy. Conclusion: Atypical HUS must be strongly suspected in any patient who presents with nonspecific abdominal or respiratory symptoms along with anemia and thrombocytopenia. As extrarenal involvement is a rare entity of aHUS, the clinician should also keep a high index of suspicion to the possibility of thrombotic microangiopathy manifestation in almost any organ system. In a suspected or diagnosed case of aHUS, the development of new non renal symptoms and signs should prompt clinician for further evaluation to rule out ongoing thrombotic microangiopathy process.
Pancreatico-pleural Fistula in a 9-Year-Old Child
Authors: Kulkarni Jyotsna Bhalchandra , Deshmukh Sharad
Published: July 2021

Pancreatico-pleural fistula (PPF) is a rare clinical entity which is even rarer in children. The report describes a 9-year-old girl developing a PPF as a complication of Acute on Chronic Pancreatitis.
Effectiveness of Group Counseling based on Lazarus Multimodal Approach on Psychological Well-being of Male Students
Authors: Hojatkhah Seyed Mohsen , Mesbah Iman , Parvaneh Azar
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling based on Lazarus multimodal approach on psychological well-being of rural male students.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental study including pre-test and post-test design, with control group. The study population included all male high school students in rural areas of city of Andimeshk in Iran. Thirty students were chosen through cluster sampling method who obtained the total score lower than average on the psychographic well-being scale, and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received 8 ninety-minute weekly sessions of multimodal counseling.  The research instrument included the short form of Ryff  Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. At the end of the sessions, post-test was performed for both groups. Data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance.
Results: The results showed that there is significant difference between experimental and control groups in measures of psychological well-being (p>0/001). The final achievement of this study was the effectiveness of group counseling based on Lazarus multimodal approach on increasing the psychological well-being of male students.
Conclusion: In general, the research findings indicate the role and importance of multimodal therapy in increasing psychological well-being.
Effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation counseling based on Social Cognitive Career Theory on career goal engagement among individuals with visual impairment: a single subject study
Authors: Salimi Samaneh , Nilforooshan Parisa , Sadeghi Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Aim:The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of career social cognitive counseling on career goal engagement of individuals with visual impairment.
Method: Statistical population included all visual impairment individuals who were between 18-40 years old and lived in Isfahan city. The sample includes two people with visual impairment (one male and one female) that selected using purposeful non-random sampling. Data collected using career goal engagement scale. This research was a single-subject experimental design in form of an AB design. In this method, after the baseline condition, career counseling based on Social Cognitive Career Theory presented during 10 sessions. Data was analyzed based on descriptive statistics' and visual analysis indices.
Findings: Visual analysis using the index of percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) indicated that intervention had an effective on career goal engagement of both participants.
Conclusion: By considering the presence of different barriers in the lives of individuals with visual impairment and the importance of career goal engagement, the vocational rehabilitation counseling based on Social Cognitive Career Theory can be an effective intervention for encouraging individuals with visual impairment to commit to their career goals. This intervention can be applied in rehabilitation services centers for individuals with visual impairment.
Studying the Influence of the Academic Teachings of Counseling Students and Graduates on Their Perspectives about Marriage and Marital Relationships: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Soufy Nafise , Madani Yaser , Shahmoradi Somaye
Published: July 2021

Aim: The present study was conducted to study the lived experiences of graduate students in the field of counseling and to examine the influence of their education process on their views on marriage and marital relationships.
Methods: The method of this research was qualitative and phenomenological in type. Participants in this study were 16 graduate students, selected through purposeful sampling. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews.
Findings: In the dimension of positive experiences, 4 main themes were obtained that included raising awareness, growing awareness of personal abilities, improving interpersonal communication skills, and experiences around marriage. Finally, the following themes of the main categories are understood: self-awareness, increasing awareness of other people's personality traits, growing self-confidence, feeling beneficial, improvement of family and social relationships, achieving a systemic view in the family, increasing empathy, control emotions, changes in attitudes toward premarital acquaintance and emphasis on premarital counseling, new attitudes about marriage, importance of awareness about premarital counseling, and changes in gender stereotypes (in male participants). In the dimension of negative experiences, the main themes included experiences related to the phenomenon of marriage and negative effects on relationships. The following themes were extracted: decreased emotional excitement about the partner, increased sensitivity and obsession in relationships, change in attitudes toward men (on the part of female participants), creating a sense misunderstanding in family and social relationships due to differences in the level of knowledge, and existence of some level of irrational expectations from graduates in this field.
Conclusion: According to the findings, the lived experience of participants showed that studying counseling can influence the personal life and perspective about marriage and marital relationships from different aspects.
Analysis of Experiences and Psychological Perceptions of Recovered COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Pourshahryari Mahsima , Abdollahi Abbas , Ghafouri Sahar
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the experiences and psychological perceptions of recovered COVID-19 patients.
Methods: This research was conducted using qualitative approach of phenomenology type. The population of this study included the patients recovered from Corona virus in Tehran province. Sampling was performed purposefully. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Collaizi’s seven-step method was applied for analyzing the data.
Findings: After coding the interviews and categorizing the topics, the following nine main themes were obtained: initial reaction of loneliness and the need for receiving compassion, negative consequences, proximity to death and the reaction of individuals toward it, effective coping activities, mutual transmission of mental status of the patient, caregivers and medical staff, the effect of illness on meaning and style of life, preoccupation with duties and responsibilities.
Conclusion: The present study showed that the experiences of Covid-19 patients have similarities and differences and being ware of these experiences may help the experts and policymakers to prevent the psychological crisis in the post-corona period and prepare the people psychologically in the society to face the epidemics.
Evaluating the Psychological Consequences and Complications and Family Challenges Caused by Corona Conditions for Working Individuals
Authors: Alipour Tahereh , Mousavi Rogayyeh
Published: July 2021

Aim: The Covid Pandemic has 19 different psychological effects such as stress, anxiety, fear, etc., and various family consequences on employed people. This study was designed and conducted to identify the psychological consequences and family challenges caused by coronary conditions in employed people.
Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. The statistical population was employed people in Tehran in 1399, which included criteria such as having worked in that job for a year and working in governmental, non-governmental, service, health, freelance and .... organizations. The statistical sample includes 16 people who were purposefully and accessibly selected. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. claizi's descriptive phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data.
Results: The findings of this study were identified in the form of main categories and sub-categories. In reviewing the results from the 3 general questions extracted from the research, 16 main categories of negative emotions, occupation, recreation, vitality, order, stress, care, opportunity, education, communication and physical problems, negative impact, tolerance, positive impact, no problem And telecommuting was achieved.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the corona virus pandemic in Iran is a new and unpredictable experience for all people that has negative and different psychological effects on the working community. Therefore, it is suggested that psychological interventions be performed to improve mental health and reduce the psychological consequences of the working community.
Fıkhî Eleştiri Bağlamında İbn Abdülber’in Zâhirîleri Eleştirisi
Authors: YILDIZ Rifat
Published: July 2021

Günümüzde İslam hukuku alanında ortaya çıkan yeni meselelere çözüm üretmeye çalışılırken geçmiş dönemde yaşamış âlimlerin meseleleri değerlendirme yöntemlerinin tespiti ve sahih fıkhî bir çözüme ulaşmak için sarf ettikleri çabaların bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu bağlamda, XI. yüzyılın önemli âlimlerinden biri kabul edilen İbn Abdülber’in (v. 463/1071) Zâhirîlere yönelik eleştirisi önem arz etmektedir. Bu eleştirilerin odağındaki meseleler ve usûlî dayanaklarının tespiti, İbn Abdülber tarafından yazılmış eserler, Zâhirîlerin kaynakları ve konuyla ilgili yapılmış çalışmalara dayanacaktır. İbn Abdülber’in eleştirileri bağlamında Zâhirîlerle olan görüş farklılıkları ve bunların dayandıkları usûlî esaslar incelenecek, bu konuda farklı hüküm verme nedenleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılacak ve bu hükümlere varırken izlemiş oldukları yöntemler saptanacaktır.
Akılsal Zorunluluk ve Dinî Meşruiyet Bağlamında İbn Rüşd’ün Felsefe Savunusu
Authors: MANAFOV Rafiz , AKMAN Adem
Published: July 2021

İbn Rüşd İslam düşüncesinin akli temellerinin ve felsefi düşüncenin gerilemeye yüz tuttuğu bir dönemin filozofudur. O, felsefi açıdan dinin konumunu gerekli gördüğü kadar, din açısından da felsefenin kaçınılmazlığına inanır. Çalışmamızın özünü ve amacını İbn Rüşd’ün felsefesindeki temel kavram ve düşünceler oluşturmaktadır. Makalede felsefenin İbn Rüşd açısından akli zorunluluk ve dinsel meşruiyeti sorgulanmakta, felsefi ve dini veriler ışığında değerlendirilmektedir. Dinsel veriler ve rasyonel gereklilik bağlamında İbn Rüşd’ün felsefe savunusunun özellikleri ortaya konmakta ve önemi vurgulanmaktadır.
Bir Talebenin Hocasına Eleştirileri: İmâmü’l-Harameyn El-Cüveynî- Ebu’l-Kâsım El-Fûranî Örneği
Authors: ASLAN Mahsum
Published: July 2021

İslâm ilim geleneğinde hoca-talebe ilişkisi derin bir saygı üzerine kuruludur. Bu saygı, başta ders halkasında olmak üzere hayatın her alanında kendisini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte bazı talebeler, yeri geldiğinde saygı ve vefa çerçevesinde hocalarını eleştirmekten geri durmamıştır. Eleştirilen hocalar da bu eleştirileri olgunlukla karşılamışlardır. Hoca-talebe arasındaki bu tarz eleştiriler, İslâm ilim geleneğinde bir ongunluk olarak görülmüştür. Bir yandan eleştiri kültürü gelişirken diğer yandan ilim erbabı arasında tahammül ahlakı yerleşmiştir. Eleştiri ve cevapların yazılmasıyla da zengin bir literatür meydana gelmiştir. Bahsedilen eleştiri kültürünün güzel bir örneği de İmâmü’l-Harameyn el-Cüveynî (ö. 478/1085) ile hocası Ebü’l-Kâsım el-Fûrânî (ö. 461/1068) arasında yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada bir talebe olarak Cüveynî’nin, hocası Furânî’ye yaptığı eleştirilerden bahsedilecek, yaptığı eleştirinin yöntem ve keyfiyeti üzerinde durulacaktır.
Mu‘tezilî Bir Kelâmcının Gözünden Filozofların Yaratma Görüşü:İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin Eleştirileri
Authors: BAGA Mehmet Sami
Published: July 2021

İslâm düşünce tarihinde özellikle kelâmcılar ile felâsife arasındaki en önemli tartışma başlıklarından biri yaratmanın ezelîliği, başka bir ifade ile âlemin ezelîliği meselesidir. Gazzâlî’nin (ö. 505/1111) Tehâfütü’l-felâsife’sin ilk mesele olarak ele alınan bu başlık, Mu‘tezilî kelâmcı İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin (ö. 536/1141) Tuhfetü’l-mütekellimîn fi’r-red ‘ale’l-felâsife adlı eserinde de önemli başlıklardan birini teşkil eder. Filozofların reisi olarak gördüğü İbn Sînâ’yı (ö. 437/1038) hedef alan İbnü’l-Melâhimî, Gazzâlî’nin eleştirilerine kıyasla çok daha sert ve çok daha geniş kapsamlı eleştiriler yapmaktadır. Eserin ilk bölümünden itibaren hudûs kavramı, ilâhi zâtın tabiatı ve filozofların yaratma modeli olan sudûr sürecinin ilkleri ve işleyişi çerçevesinde değerlendirmeler yapar ve bu görüşlerin içerik analizine yer verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin çizdiği çerçeve ele alınacaktır.
Eleştiren ve Eleştirilen Bir Sahabî Olarak Hz. Aişe
Authors: ERUL Bünyamin
Published: July 2021

Allah Rasûlü’nün verdiği eğitim ve öğretim sayesinde sahabe arasında eleştirel zihniyetin hayli canlı olduğu herkesin malumlarıdır. Bu zihniyetin en önde gelen siması hiç şüphesiz Hz. Âişe annemizdir. O, keskin zekası ve muhakemesi, sahip olduğu öğrenme iştiyakı, gerçeği öğrenebilme adına yapmış olduğu sorma ve sorgulama yeteneği ile daha Hz. Peygamber zamanında bu sahada temayüz etmiştir. Tebliğimizde “istidrâk” kavramının kapsamı, sorulan soruya cevap verme, bir hususu idrak etmeye çalışma, itiraz etme, düzeltme, açıklama yapma ve nihayet eleştirme olmak üzere oldukça geniş tutulacaktır. Konuyu, vereceğimiz çeşitli örneklerle şu dört başlık altında inceleyeceğiz: Hz. Peygamber’in, Hz. Âişe’ye Yönelttiği İstidrâkler, Sahabenin Hz. Âişe’ye Yönelttiği İstidrâkler, Kadîm Alimlerin Hz. Âişe’ye Yönelttiği İstidrâkler, Çağdaş Alimlerin Hz. Âişe’ye Yönelttiği İstidrâkler.
Cultural and Educational Projects of the Vladikavkaz Railway in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century
Authors: Narezhny Anatoly I. , Galuza Nadezhda V.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the influence of the Vladikavkaz Railway on the formation of the socio-cultural image of the region. Scientific novelty of the article appears in studying the activities of the structures of the Vladi-kavkaz Railway in the implementation of educational and cultural projects. Special attention is attached to the development of the library system, the organizational work of library train cars, reading rooms, and the distribution systems of books and newspapers on the Vladikavkaz Railway. The importance of educational and cultural projects in educating of railway workers and employees together with the population of the North Caucasus is emphasized. The article concludes that the specified activity of the Vladikavkaz Railway structures is an integral aspect of the development of the North Caucasus in the late 19th - early 20th century.
Structural and Dynamic Changes in the Economic and Labor Spheres of Rostov-on-Don: Statistical Analysis
Authors: Bondarenko Galina A. , Polyakova Irina A.
Published: July 2021

The scientific article provides a comparative analysis of the structural and dynamic changes in the indicators: the average number of employees of organizations (without small businesses) and turnover of organizations with more than 15 employees in the context of economic activities, which showed both the presence of a structural imbalance between the economic and labor spheres of the city, and revealed the most balanced are-as, taking into account the realities of the coronavirus pandemic. A comparative analysis of the structure of vacancies and resumes in professional areas as of the end of 2020 for the city was made, which showed that there is a low level of difference in the structures of vacancies and resumes in the most popular professional areas of the city.
Cartas de Antônio Vieira e as armadilhas da leitura anacrônica
Authors: Pinto Terceiro Moisés Laert
Published: July 2021

Este artigo buscou analisar uma carta escrita pelo padre jesuíta Antônio Vieira (1608-1697), e remetida ao rei D.João IV (1604-1656), datada de 06 de abril de 1654. A avaliação da carta partiu da tentativa de compreender determinados padrões a partir dos quais a epístola se produziu, levando em consideração seu modelo histórico. A análise busca, ainda, demonstrar prováveis choques de leitura ocorridos entre tempo de produção e tempo de recepção, a partir da problematização da leitura anacrônica. Para isso, foram trazidas à discussão posições teóricas divergentes, tanto favoráveis à tentativa de se eliminar leituras anacrônicas quanto contrárias ao uso do conceito anacronismo.
The Experience Created by the Social and Cultural Context Constructed by Video Games: A Digitization of Life and Death
Authors:   PHD, University of Bucharest, 90, Panduri av., 5th District, Bucharest, Romania, Cășvean Tulia Maria , Hodorogea Vasile ,   PHD, University of Bucharest, 90, Panduri av., 5th District, Bucharest, Romania, Cășvean Ioan Emanuel ,   PHD, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1, M. Kogălniceanu st., Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: July 2021

Appling the Gadamer’s filter on video games, reveals that they support an intimate connection with real life, built on basic mimesis of simple and, at the same time, coherent and meticulous realities. Video games are not intrinsically real-world escapism but generate a concrete, contextualized life experience that is ultimately connected to social and material realities (Spiridon, 2013, pp. 64-65). Moreover, experiences gained through video games can contribute, same as television, cinema or novels do, to the creation of perceptions that influence the way people relate to various aspects of life. The pivot of this study focuses on the experience created by the social, cultural context, captured by video games, which allow players to make choices of "life and death". Such choices are even more important in the current pandemic context when some people seem not to clearly understand the potential consequences on their own protection or even own survival. The aim of the research is to open a path for a better understanding of how a video game appreciated by critics and very popular among players, especially during the pandemic (DayZ, produced by Bohemia Interactive in 2013) explores social, cultural issues that can create a favorable context for players to be better equipped for the reality of everyday life. The study will include, besides the analysis of the video game itself, wikis, and walkthroughs, the views of other researchers and professionals working in the video game industry.
What Can the EU's Response to the COVID Crisis Tell us About our Values?
Authors:   PhD Student, Doctoral School of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, West University of Timisoara, Bulevardul Vasile Pârvan 4, Timişoara 300223, Romania, Nuțaș Andrei
Published: July 2021

Overall, the EU's response to the COVID crisis can be said to have been one of the most ineffective in the world, overshadowed only by the catastrophic response of the US and Brazil (at least on a per capita basis). Although, one can argue more about the effectiveness or morality of the measures, I would nevertheless, like to take a step back from these discussions and consider what the non-pharmacological interventions the EU has imposed reveal about our values. The main question is: What was the axiological framework on which the EU interventions were based? To provide an answer, I will compare the EU approach with South Korea’s approach in dealing with the pandemic. The former’s approach is a traditional approach, which mostly avoids the use of advanced data analysis and predictive analysis, focusing mainly on restricting free movement through social distancing and quarantine. This is complemented by tests, which are primarily diagnostic. The latter makes full use of the most modern methods, attempting to parallel the minimisation of the use of traditional methods of restricting movement with the minimisation of deaths caused by the virus. After a more detailed presentation of the methodologies of the two sides, I will consider what these modern methods entail and what would have to be sacrificed to use them. This will reveal that giving up confidentiality is the main cost that the European community should have offered in exchange for following the South Korean path. The analysis of the data will show how privacy and other values, such as economic prosperity, education, equality, freedom, mental health and ultimately life itself, were affected by the two strategies. Based on the evidence from the analysis I will conclude that privacy is more important to the average European than any of the other proposed values, including life itself.
Zaznavanje varnosti v Sloveniji – od nacionalnih k lokalnim varnostnim pojavom
Authors: Sotlar Andrej , Tominc Bernarda
Published: July 2021

Varnostna politika ne more biti legitimna, če ne upošteva tudi mnenj prebivalcev. Ti svoja stališča o varnostnih vprašanjih najpogosteje izražajo skozi zaznavo varnostnih pojavov. Oblikovalci varnostnih politik in varnostne organizacije, ki jih izvajajo, morajo zato dobro poznati varnostne pojave, kot jih zaznavajo prebivalci. V kratki zgodovini slovenske države je bilo sprva načrtno merjeno predvsem mnenje prebivalcev o varnostnih vprašanjih, v kasnejšem času pa so bile izvedene tudi raziskave, kjer so prebivalci in policisti iz istih lokalnih skupnosti ocenjevali istovrstne varnostne pojave. Praktično vse raziskave kažejo, da prebivalce motijo predvsem societalni (varnostni) pojavi, ki se nanašajo na ekonomsko-socialni položaj posameznika, raziskave o varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih pa pred kriminaliteto uvrstijo še moteče pojave, povezane z alkoholizmom in onesnaževanjem okolja. Pri tem je zanimivo, da prebivalci in policisti suburbanih in ruralnih okolij podobno zaznavajo varnostne pojave, v primerjavi s prebivalci in policisti iz urbanih okolij, ki večini pojavov tudi pripisujejo večjo resnost.
Kriminaliteta in zaznava varnostnih groženj pri policistih v urbanih in ruralnih skupnostih
Authors: Hacin Rok , Eman Katja
Published: July 2021

V poglavju se osredotočamo na primerjavo kriminalitete in zaznave varnostnih groženj pri policistih v urbanih in ruralnih okoljih v Sloveniji. Čeprav kriminaliteta v Sloveniji v splošnem upada, so, v primerjavi s podeželskimi, mestne občine še vedno bolj obremenjena območja s kriminaliteto. Primerjava zaznav varnostnih groženj pri policistih v dveh časovnih obdobjih je pokazala, da policisti, ki delajo v ruralnih okoljih, pozitivneje zaznavajo varnost v soseski, medtem ko njihovi kolegi v urbanih okoljih zaznavajo varnostne pojave, povezane z javnim neredom in zlorabo alkohola, kot resnejše grožnje varnosti. V obdobju 2011–2017 je zaznava resnosti groženj in socialnoekonomskih prikrajšanosti pri policistih upadla, hkrati pa so se zaznave varnosti v soseski, javnega nereda in socialnoekonomskih prikrajšanosti razlikovale med policisti v urbanih in ruralnih okoljih.