bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of climate change and human activities on different degraded grassland based on NDVI
Authors: Hou Qingqing , Ji Zhenxia , Yang Hang , Yu Xiaojun
Published: September 2022

Grassland degradation has emerged as a serious socio-economic and ecological problem, endangering both long-term usage and the regional biogeochemical cycle. Climate change and human activities are the two leading factors leading to grassland degradation. However, it is unclear what the degradation level caused by these two factors is. Using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and coefficient of variation of NDVI (CVNDVI), the spatial distribution features of grassland degradation or restoration were analyzed in Qilian County in the northeast of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The dominant climate variables affecting NDVI variation were selected through the combination of random forest model and stepwise regression method to improve the residual trend analysis, and on this basis, twelve possible scenarios were established to evaluate the driving factors of different degraded grasslands. Finally, used the Hurst index to forecast the trend of grassland degradation or restoration. The results showed that approximately 55.0% of the grassland had been degraded between 2000 and 2019, and the area of slight degradation (NDVIslope > 0; CVNDVI (slope) > 0; NDVIvalue > 0.2) accounted for 48.6%. These regions were centered in the northwest of Qilian County. Climate and human activities had a joint impact on grassland restoration or degradation. Human activities played a leading role in grassland restoration, while climate change was primarily a driver of grassland degradation. The regions with slight degradation or re-growing (NDVIslope > 0; CVNDVI (slope) > 0), moderate degradation (NDVIslope < 0; CVNDVI (slope) > 0), and severe degradation or desertification (NDVIslope < 0; CVNDVI (slope) < 0) were dominated by the joint effects of climate and anthropogenic activity accounted for 34.3%, 3.3%, and 1.3%, respectively, of the total grassland area. Grasslands in most areas of Qilian County are forecasted to continue to degrade, including the previously degraded areas, with continuous degradation areas accounting for 54.78%. Accurately identifying the driving factors of different degraded grassland and predicting the dynamic change trend of grassland in the future is the key to understand the mechanism of grassland degradation and prevent grassland degradation. The findings offer a reference for accurately identifying the driving forces in grassland degradation, as well as providing a scientific basis for the policy-making of grassland ecological management.
The prevalence of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patient: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moshayedi Samaneh , Tasorian Baharak , Almasi-Hashiani Amir
Published: September 2022

Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most commonly known extra-articular complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since the prevalence of OP is diverse in different studies and there is no general consensus about it, in this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the global prevalence of OP among RA patients. In this review, three databases including Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (Clarivate analytics) were searched by various keywords. After screening of retrieved papers, the related data of included papers were extracted and analyzed. To assess the risk of methodological bias of included studies, quality assessment checklist for prevalence studies was used. Because of heterogeneity among studies, random-effect model was used to pooled the results of primary studies. In this review, the results of 57 studies were summarized and the total included sample size was 227,812 cases of RA with 64,290 cases of OP. The summary point prevalence of OP among RA was estimated as 27.6% (95%CI 23.9–31.3%). Despite significant advances in prevention, treatment and diagnostic methods in these patients, it still seems that the prevalence of OP in these patients is high and requires better and more timely interventions.
Modifications to the net knee moments lead to the greatest improvements in accelerative sprinting performance: a predictive simulation study
Authors: Haralabidis Nicos , Colyer Steffi L. , Serrancolí Gil , Salo Aki I. T. , Cazzola Dario
Published: September 2022

The current body of sprinting biomechanics literature together with the front-side mechanics coaching framework provide various technique recommendations for improving performance. However, few studies have attempted to systematically explore technique modifications from a performance enhancement perspective. The aims of this investigation were therefore to explore how hypothetical technique modifications affect accelerative sprinting performance and assess whether the hypothetical modifications support the front-side mechanics coaching framework. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model scaled to an international male sprinter was used in combination with direct collocation optimal control to perform (data-tracking and predictive) simulations of the preliminary steps of accelerative sprinting. The predictive simulations differed in the net joint moments that were left ‘free’ to change. It was found that the ‘knee-free’ and ‘knee-hip-free’ simulations resulted in the greatest performance improvements (13.8% and 21.9%, respectively), due to a greater knee flexor moment around touchdown (e.g., 141.2 vs. 70.5 Nm) and a delayed and greater knee extensor moment during stance (e.g., 188.5 vs. 137.5 Nm). Lastly, the predictive simulations which led to the greatest improvements were also found to not exhibit clear and noticeable front-side mechanics technique, thus the underpinning principles of the coaching framework may not be the only key aspect governing accelerative sprinting.
Ragweed pollen concentration predicts seasonal rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma severity in patients allergic to ragweed
Authors: Bonini Maira , Monti Gianna Serafina , Pelagatti Matteo Maria , Ceriotti Valentina , Re Elisabetta Elena , Bramè Barbara , Bottero Paolo , Tosi Anna , Vaghi Adriano , Martelli Alberto , Traina Giovanni Maria , Rivolta Loredana , Rivolta Federica , Ortolani Claudio Maria
Published: September 2022

In this work, we investigate the correlation between ragweed pollen concentration and conjunctival, nasal, and asthma symptom severity in patients allergic to ragweed pollen using ambient pollen exposure in the Milan area during the 2014 ragweed season We calculate the pollen/symptom thresholds and we assess the effectiveness of ragweed allergen immunotherapy (AIT). A total of 66 participants allergic to ragweed (Amb a 1) were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: AIT treated (24) and no AIT treated (42). Pollen counts and daily symptom/medication patient diaries were kept. Autoregressive distributed lag models were used to develop predictive models of daily symptoms and evaluate the short-term effects of temporal variations in pollen concentration on the onset of symptoms. We found significant correlations between ragweed pollen load and the intensity of symptoms for all three symptom categories, both in no AIT treated (τ = 0.341, 0.352, and 0.721; and ρ = 0.48, 0.432, and 0.881; p-value < 0.001) and in AIT treated patients ($$\tau$$
τ
= 0.46, 0.610, and 0.66; and ρ = 0.692, 0.805, and 0.824; p-value < 0.001). In both groups, we observed a positive correlation between the number of symptoms reported and drug use. Mean symptom levels were significantly higher in no AIT treated than in AIT treated patients (p-value < 0.001) for all symptom categories. Pollen concentration thresholds for the four symptom severity levels (low, medium–low, medium–high and high) were calculated. Ragweed pollen concentration is predictive of symptom severity in patients with a ragweed (Amb a 1) allergy. Patients treated with AIT had significantly reduced mean symptom levels compared to those without AIT.
Navigating the impact of workplace distractions for persons with TBI: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Pinnow DeAnna , Causey-Upton Renee , Meulenbroek Peter
Published: September 2022

Persons with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) who return to work often struggle with managing environmental distractions due to residual cognitive impairments. Previous literature has established that environmental distractions impact persons with TBI, yet, the extent to which distractions impact workplace performance is unknown. This qualitative descriptive study using phenomenology methods, explored the experiences of seven individuals with TBIs and how they perceived workplace distractions to impact their productivity. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews with seven participants who were diagnosed with mild, moderate, and severe TBIs. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Main findings centered around what environmental distractions impacted work performance, the farther-reaching consequences of distractibility, strong emotional feelings and worry about perceived work performance associated with distractibility, mitigating distractibility through “gaming the attentional system”, and utilizing music as a distraction masker to enhance task performance. In light of this study’s findings, researchers, and clinicians are encouraged to consider the wider impact of distractions on persons with TBI. The real-life accounts documented in this study will assist researchers and clinicians to account for the impact of environmental distractions in rehabilitation and support employment for persons with TBI.
The role and contribution of magnetic fields, characterized via their magnetic flux, to the statistical structuring of the solar atmosphere
Authors: Li K. J. , Xu J. C. , Feng W.
Published: September 2022

The anomalous heating of the solar upper atmosphere is one of the eight key problems in modern astronomy. Moreover, the stratification of the solar atmosphere is an outstanding key-problem in solar physics. In this study, a hot butterfly-like pattern is found to run through the chromosphere to the corona lying right on top of the magnetic butterfly pattern of sunspots in the photosphere. We thus propose to introduce the term butterfly body to describe the butterfly diagram in the 3-dimensional atmosphere. Besides, we discuss the so-called polar brightening in different layers. It is found to be statistically in anti-phase with the solar cycle in the photosphere and the chromosphere, while in phase with the solar cycle in the corona. Accordingly, we describe the role and relationship of solar magnetic elements of different magnetic flux strengths to explain the statistical structuring of the solar atmosphere with the butterfly body over the solar cycle.
Effects of straw mulching combined with nitrogen application on soil organic matter content and atrazine digestion
Authors: Zhang Wan-feng , Yang Shu-qing , Chang An , Jia Li-ge , E Ji-fang
Published: September 2022

To explore the response of atrazine (AT) degradation rate, soil organic matter (SOM) distribution and the relationship between them to straw mulching and nitrogen application, field experiments were conducted to study the distribution of SOM content and AT degradation rate under different straw returning modes combined with nitrogen fertilization in 2 years in Hetao Irrigation District. No (N0), low (NL), medium (NM), and high (NH) levels of N fertilization were incorporated into the soil combined with the surface coverage straw (Treatment BN0, BNL, BNM, BNH, respectively) and the deeply buried straw (Treatment SN0, SNL, SNM, SNH, respectively). The traditional cultivation was used as a control treatment (Treatment CK). The results showed that SOM content of Treatment B was accumulated in 0~20 cm soil layer. The largest SOM content of Treatments B in 0~20 cm soil layer was found in BNH treatment, with an average increase of 14.2% and 24.1% significantly when compared with those in CK and SNH (P < 0.05), respectively. The SOM content of Treatments B increased with the increase of nitrogen application and decreased with the deepening of soil depth. The SOM content of Treatment S was accumulated in the soil layer (20~40 cm and 40~60 cm) near the inter-layer. With the increase of nitrogen application and depth of soil layer, the SOM content increased firstly and then decreased. SNM had the largest SOM content in the soil layer of 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm, with an average increase of 82.6% and 67.7% when compared with Treatment CK (P < 0.05). In the soil layer over 60 cm, there was no significant difference in SOM content of different straw returning methods under the same nitrogen level (P > 0.05). Straw returning methods and nitrogen application level significantly affected AT digestion rate and digestion half-life, with significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05). It found that treatment SNM had the highest digestion rate and the shortest half-life of AT. Compared with Treatment CK, the digestion rate of Treatment SNM was increased by 5.3% on average, and the half-life was shortened by 3.9 days on average. Single regression and stepwise regression analysis of the half-life of AT degradation and SOM content in different soil layers (0~20 cm and 20~40 cm) showed that the degradation of AT was greatly affected by SOM content of 20~40 cm soil layer. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the effect of straw deep burial combined with medium nitrogen application rate (Treatment SNM) was best, which could achieve the goal of increasing SOM content and shortening the half-life of AT digestion. The research provided a technical support for straw resource utilization, alleviated AT pollution and improved farmland ecological environment in Hetao Irrigated District.
Data mining-based discriminant analysis as a tool for the study of egg quality in native hen breeds
Authors: González Ariza Antonio , Arando Arbulu Ander , Navas González Francisco Javier , León Jurado José Manuel , Delgado Bermejo Juan Vicente , Camacho Vallejo María Esperanza
Published: September 2022

Despite the wide biodiversity of avian species of zootechnical interest in Spain, projects aimed at characterizing these genotypes and their products are necessary. External and internal egg quality traits were measured in 819 eggs laid by hens of 10 different genotypes: White, Franciscan, Black and Partridge varieties of Utrerana, Blue Andalusian, Spanish White-Faced, Andalusian Tufted White and Black varieties, Araucana; and Leghorn Lohmann LSL-Classic lineage (commercial hybrid line) hen breeds. After multicollinearity analysis of egg quality-related traits was performed (VIF ≤ 4), major diameter, minor diameter, egg weight, and albumen height were deemed redundant explanatory variables and discarded. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis was developed to cluster eggs across hen genotypes considering egg quality attributes. Shell a* and b* variables reported the highest discriminant power (Wilks’ lambda: 0.699 and 0.729, respectively). The first two discriminant functions captured 60.48% of the variance across groups (F1: 39.36%; F2: 21.12%). Clear quality differentiation signs are evidenced for Mediterranean native breeds’ eggs when compared to Leghorn’s eggs. Consequently, this evidence of egg quality differentiation may favor the standardization of breed- and variety-linked distinctive products, which may open new market opportunities based on the existence of a wide spectrum of diet or culinary applications.
Effects of salinization on the occurrence of a long-lived vertebrate in a desert river
Authors: Mahan Laramie B. , Bassett Lawrence G. , Duarte Adam , Forstner Michael R. J. , Mali Ivana
Published: September 2022

The lower Pecos River located in the southwest USA, is a naturally saline river system that has been significantly altered in relatively recent years. Climate change, coupled with anthropogenic disturbances such as dam construction have led to portions of the river becoming more susceptible to increased salinization and declines in water quality. These alterations have been documented to be detrimental to multiple freshwater communities; however, there is a lack of knowledge on how these alterations influence long-lived species in the river, such as freshwater turtles, where the effects can appear over dramatically different temporal scales. The Rio Grande Cooter (Pseudemys gorzugi) is a species of concern known to occur in the Pecos River. To understand the current distribution and habitat requirements forP. gorzugiin the Pecos River, we used a single-season, single-species occupancy modeling framework to estimate occurrence while accounting for the sampling process. Day of year, water surface area, and water visibility had the greatest influence on the ability to detect the species given a sampling unit is occupied. Conductivity (a measure of salinity) had the greatest influence on the occupancy probability for the species, where sites with higher conductivity coincided with lower occupancy probabilities. This study indicates that increased salinization on the lower Pecos River is a cause for concern regarding freshwater turtle populations within the Chihuahuan Desert.
Navigation accuracy and assessability of carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK instrumentation with multimodal intraoperative imaging in spinal oncology
Authors: Hubertus Vanessa , Wessels Lars , Früh Anton , Tkatschenko Dimitri , Nulis Irini , Bohner Georg , Prinz Vincent , Onken Julia , Czabanka Marcus , Vajkoczy Peter , Hecht Nils
Published: September 2022

Radiolucent carbon-fiber reinforced PEEK (CFRP) implants have helped improve oncological follow-up and radiation therapy. Here, we investigated the performance of 3D intraoperative imaging and navigation systems for instrumentation and precision assessment of CFRP pedicle screws across the thoraco-lumbar spine. Thirty-three patients with spinal tumors underwent navigated CFRP instrumentation with intraoperative CT (iCT), robotic cone-beam CT (rCBCT) or cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging. Two different navigation systems were used for iCT-/rCBCT- and CBCT-based navigation. Demographic, clinical and outcome data was assessed. Four blinded observers rated image quality, assessability and accuracy of CFRP pedicle screws. Inter-observer reliability was determined with Fleiss` Kappa analysis. Between 2018 and 2021, 243 CFRP screws were implanted (iCT:93, rCBCT: 99, CBCT: 51), of which 13 were non-assessable (iCT: 1, rCBCT: 9, CBCT: 3; *p = 0.0475; iCT vs. rCBCT). Navigation accuracy was highest using iCT (74%), followed by rCBCT (69%) and CBCT (49%) (*p = 0.0064; iCT vs. CBCT and rCBCT vs. CBCT). All observers rated iCT image quality higher than rCBCT/CBCT image quality (*p < 0.01) but relevant pedicle breaches were reliably identified with substantial agreement between all observers regardless of the imaging modality. Navigation accuracy for CFRP pedicle screws was considerably lower than expected from reports on titanium implants and CT may be best for reliable assessment of CFRP materials.
Nanocavity-induced trion emission from atomically thin WSe2
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Liu Yuanda , Chen Dao , Wang Zixuan , Asbahi Mohamed , Rezaei Soroosh Daqiqeh , Deng Jie , Teng Jinghua , Wee Andrew T. S. , Zhang Wenjing , Yang Joel K. W. , Dong Zhaogang
Published: September 2022

Exciton is a bosonic quasiparticle consisting of a pair of electron and hole, with promising potentials for optoelectronic device applications, such as exciton transistors, photodetectors and light emitting devices. However, the charge-neutral nature of excitons renders them challenging to manipulate using electronics. Here we present the generation of trions, a form of charged excitons, together with enhanced exciton resonance in monolayer WSe2. The excitation of the trion quasiparticles is achieved by the hot carrier transport from the integrated gold plasmonic nanocavity, formed by embedding monolayer WSe2 between gold nanoparticles and a gold film. The nanocavity-induced negatively charged trions provide a promising route for the manipulation of excitons, essential for the construction of all-exciton information processing circuits.
Novel D-form of hybrid peptide (D-AP19) rapidly kills Acinetobacter baumannii while tolerating proteolytic enzymes
Authors: Jariyarattanarach Phanvimon , Klubthawee Natthaporn , Wongchai Mathira , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Aunpad Ratchaneewan
Published: September 2022

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being developed as potent alternative treatments to conventional antibiotics which are unlikely to induce bacterial resistance. They can be designed and modified to possess several druggable properties. We report herein a novel hybrid peptide of modified aurein (A3) and cathelicidin (P7), or A3P7, by a flipping technique. It exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and -positive pathogenic bacteria but had moderate hemolytic activity. To reduce the sequence length and toxicity, C-terminal truncation was serially performed and eight truncated derivatives (AP12–AP19) were obtained. They had significantly less hemolytic activity while preserving antibacterial activity. Secondary structures of the candidate peptides in environments simulating bacterial membranes (30 mM SDS and 50% TFE), determined by CD spectroscopy, showed α-helical structures consistent with predicted in silico 3D structural models. Among the peptides, AP19 demonstrated the best combination of broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (including towardAcinetobacter baumannii) and minimal hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. A D-form peptide (D-AP19), in which all L-enantiomers were substituted with the D-enantiomers, maintained antibacterial activity in the presence of pepsin, trypsin, proteinase K and human plasma. Both isomers exhibited potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) clinical isolates ofA. baumanniicomparable to the traditional antibiotic, meropenem. D-AP19 displayed rapid killing via membrane disruption and leakage of intracellular contents. Additionally, it showed a low tendency to induce bacterial resistance. Our work suggested that D-AP19 could be further optimized and developed as a novel compound potentially for fighting against MDR or XDRA. baumannii.
Variation of volatile organic compound levels within ambient room air and its impact upon the standardisation of breath sampling
Authors: Hewitt Michael Jonathan , Belluomo Ilaria , Zuffa Simone , Boshier Piers R , Myridakis Antonis
Published: September 2022

The interest around analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within breath has increased in the last two decades. Uncertainty remains around standardisation of sampling and whether VOCs within room air can influence breath VOC profiles. To assess the abundance of VOCs within room air in common breath sampling locations within a hospital setting and whether this influences the composition of breath. A secondary objective is to investigate diurnal variation in room air VOCs. Room air was collected using a sampling pump and thermal desorption (TD) tubes in the morning and afternoon from five locations. Breath samples were collected in the morning only. TD tubes were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). A total of 113 VOCs were identified from the collected samples. Multivariate analysis demonstrated clear separation between breath and room air. Room air composition changed throughout the day and different locations were characterized by specific VOCs, which were not influencing breath profiles. Breath did not demonstrate separation based on location, suggesting that sampling can be performed across different locations without affecting results.
Anisotropic Polaritons in Layered Two-dimensional (2D) Materials
Authors: Shabbir A. Babar , Ma B. Weiliang , Bao C. Qiaoliang
Published: September 2022

Perhaps the most significant progress in the field of infrared optics and nanophotonics has been made through the real space realisation of polaritons in two-dimensional materials that provide maximum light confinement functionalities. The recent breakthrough discovery of in-plane hyperbolicity in natural van der Waals materials has revealed a most exciting optical property that enables in-plane anisotropic dispersion. Yet, the most intriguing feature of in-plane anisotropic dispersion is the manipulation of polaritons at the nanoscale. This development has opened a new window of opportunity in order to develop unique nanophotonic devices with unprecedented control. This chapter will cover these developments with focus on fundamental understandings and progress of real space visualisation of in-plane anisotropic polaritons in the near-field range. The last section will conclude with the future prospects of this rapidly emerging area.
Organic Anisotropic 2D Materials for Next-generation Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Linglong , Hasan Md Mehedi , Ma Wendi , Tang Yilin , Lu Yuerui
Published: September 2022

As a rising star of two-dimensional (2D) materials, 2D organic materials have inspired massive interest due to their remarkable merits such as a large materials library, intrinsic flexibility, diverse synthesis techniques, etc., which provide them with great prospects for flexible optoelectronics applications. Moreover, highly ordered 2D organic materials exhibit ultrathin features, low symmetry and unique anisotropy, and all these open a new avenue to achieve high-performance 2D organic materials devices and benefit their integration into optoelectronics. Herein, we first review several important growth techniques of 2D organic materials. Second, we summarize the recent progress in anisotropy characterizations of 2D organic materials and their applications in the optoelectronics field. Finally, we presented an outlook of anisotropic 2D organic materials in terms of challenges and opportunities. We believe this chapter will be an important reference for designing and developing novel 2D organic materials and integrating them into next-generation optoelectronics, provoking more researchers to come to this field.
Next Generation Electronics Based on Anisotropic 2D Materials
Authors: Wang Binbin , Xue Jiamin
Published: September 2022

Anisotropic 2D materials have interesting properties and could find some unique applications in next generation electronics. In this chapter, we will review the research progress on some representative anisotropic 2D materials. We will show that anisotropic charge carrier transport, optoelectronic response, and ferroelectric behaviour have been studied and anisotropic devices have been demonstrated. Some remaining challenges will be discussed for future studies.
Simultaneous analysis of acylcarnitines using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry based on a parylene matrix chip
Authors: Noh Joo-Yoon , Kim Moon-Ju , Yun Tae Gyeong , Kang Min-Jung , Pyun Jae-Chul
Published: September 2022

Short and medium chain acylcarnitines have been used for the diagnosis of various fatty acid oxidation and organic acid disorders.
Design of self-assembling anti-epileptic drug for long-acting drug delivery in vivo
Authors: Ikeda Yutaka , Tajika Yuya , Nagasaki Yukio
Published: September 2022

Self-assembling polymer micelle (NanoVPA) composed of PEG-b-poly(vinyl valproate) was developed. IP administration of NanoVPA extended the bioavailability of VPA, which increased its therapeutic effect against epilepsy, reducing its adverse effects.
Advanced antifouling and antibacterial hydrogels enabled by controlled thermo-responses of a biocompatible polymer composite
Authors: Pan Fei , Zhang Sixuan , Altenried Stefanie , Zuber Flavia , Chen Qian , Ren Qun
Published: September 2022

To optimally apply antibiotics and antimicrobials, smart wound dressing conferring controlled drug release and preventing adhesions of biological objects is advantageous.
Heteroleptic copper(i) charge-transfer chromophores with panchromatic absorption
Authors: Kim Dooyoung , Gray Thomas G. , Teets Thomas S.
Published: September 2022

Heteroleptic copper(i) complexes have independently tunable frontier orbital energies and broad, intense charge-transfer absorption bands spanning the visible to near-infrared.
Metal-to-metal electron transfer in a cyanido-bridged {Fe2Co2} square complex followed by X-ray diffraction and absorption techniques
Authors: Mathonière Corine , Mitcov Dmitri , Koumousi Evangelia , Amorin-Rosario Daniel , Dechambenoit Pierre , Fatima Jafri Sadaf , Sainctavit Philippe , Cartier dit Moulin Christophe , Toupet Loic , Trzop Elzbieta , Collet Eric , Arrio Marie-Anne , Rogalev Andrei , Wilhelm Fabrice , Clérac Rodolphe
Published: September 2022

Combining X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy, a full picture of the thermal-, light- and X-ray-induced metal-to-metal electron transfer in a cyanido-bridged molecular Fe/Co square is obtained, demonstrating the concerted and concomitant role played by the Fe and Co sites.
A cascade reaction of indolyl-migratory isocyanide insertion, scaffold rearrangement and redox-neutral event with isocyanide as a C(sp3)H–N synthon efficiently constructs indolylisoindolinones
Authors: Sisodiya Shailendra , Acharya Ayan , Nagpure Mithilesh , Roy Nibedita , Giri Santosh K. , Yadav Hare Ram , R. Choudhury Angshuman , Guchhait Sankar K.
Published: September 2022

Herein, we report a Pd(0)-catalyzed cascade reaction with multifunction of isocyanide as a nucleophile promoter for rearrangement and a hydride source.
Recent advances in coiled-coil peptide materials and their biomedical applications
Authors: Jorgensen Michael D. , Chmielewski Jean
Published: September 2022

Coiled-coil peptides are exceptional building blocks for higher order assembly into materials with a rich variety of morphologies. These biomaterials have demonstrated an excellent range of biologically relevant applications as described herein.
A diamantane-4,9-dicarboxylate based UiO-66 analogue: challenging larger hydrocarbon cage platforms
Authors: Gvilava Vasily , Vieten Maximilian , Oestreich Robert , Woschko Dennis , Steinert Moritz , Boldog Ishtvan , Bulánek Roman , Fokina Natalie A. , Schreiner Peter R. , Janiak Christoph
Published: September 2022

HHUD-3, based on a bulky barrel shaped ligand, possesses 35%+ missing linker defects, essential for accessible porosity. With SBET= 890 m2g−1(N2), HHUD-3 features higher CH4but lower CO2and H2adsorption compared to UiO-66.
Insights into the non-covalent interactions of hydrogen sulfide with fenchol and fenchone from a gas-phase rotational study
Authors: Osseiran Noureddin , Neeman Elias M. , Dréan Pascal , Goubet Manuel , Huet Thérèse R.
Published: September 2022

Non-covalent gas-phase interactions in endo-fenchol-H2S and fenchone-H2S complexes have been unveiled using rotational spectroscopy in a supersonic jet expansion and quantum chemical calculations.
3-Methylation alters excited state decay in photoionised uracil
Authors: Segarra-Martí Javier , Tran Thierry , Bearpark Michael J.
Published: September 2022

Our calculations show a small chemical modification can have a significant impact on excited state behaviour: methylation in the uracil 3′ position opens an additional pathway for radiationless decay following ionisation and electronic excitation.
Emerging investigator series: physicochemical properties of wildfire ash and implications for particle stability in surface waters
Authors: Rodela Mrittika Hasan , Chowdhury Indranil , Hohner Amanda K.
Published: September 2022

Ash samples from Oregon and California wildfires were characterized and the effects on particle stability in water were related to combustion completeness and ash color to assess mobilization potential in aquatic systems.
Highly efficient and fast synthesis of di-iodinated succinimide derivatives from 1,6-enyne and I2 under air at room temperature
Authors: Lu Yuling , Chen Chunmei , Zhu Hucheng , Luo Zengwei , Zhang Yonghui
Published: September 2022

A metal-free, additive-free, and practical method for the synthesis of diiodinated succinimide derivatives has been achieved under mild conditions.
Strategic design and fabrication of lightweight sesame ball-like hollow double-layer hybrid magnetic molecularly imprinted nanomaterials for the highly specific separation and recovery of tetracycline from milk
Authors: Wang Yue , Xu Yuan , Gao Ruixia , Tian Xuemeng , Heinlein Jake , Hussain Sameer , Pfefferle Lisa D. , Chen Xiaoyi , Zhang Xiaojing , Hao Yi
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of green and lightweight hollow double-layer magnetic adsorbents creates a roadmap for developing adsorbents for small molecule pollutants.
A simple overview of toxicity of ionic liquids and designs of biocompatible ionic liquids
Authors: Kuroda Kosuke
Published: September 2022

This review simply and systematically summarizes the general trend between the chemical structure and toxicity of ionic liquids across biological species. It also provides strategies for the development of low-toxicity ionic liquids.
RhIII and IrIII complexes bearing NNO-heteroscorpionates and their application in catalytic transfer hydrogenation
Authors: Cerón-Castelán Jesus E. , Salazar-Pereda Veronica , González-Montiel Simplicio , Mendoza-Espinosa Daniel , Castro-Osma José A. , López-Santos Laura , Gómez-Bonilla Manuel A. , Sandoval-Chavez Cesar I.
Published: September 2022

We report the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of RhIII and IrIII complexes supported by N,N,O-heteroscorpionate ligands.
Tunable structural and optical properties of AgxCuyInS2 colloidal quantum dots
Authors: Ming Shanna-Kay , Taylor Richard A. , McNaughter Paul D. , Lewis David J. , O’Brien Paul
Published: September 2022

Herein is discussed tunable absorption and emission properties of AgxCuyInS2 quantum dots involving wurtzite to chalcopyrite phase transformation dependent on Ag+ dopant content.
A CdS/rGO QDs/TiO2nanolawn photoanode co-decorated with reduced graphene oxide quantum dots and CdS nanoparticles with photoinduced cathodic protection characteristics of 316L SS and Cu
Authors: Jiang Xuhong , Sun Mengmeng , Chen Zhuoyuan
Published: September 2022

A ternary CdS/rGO QDs/TiO2nanobranched photoanode synergistically boosted the simulated sunlight-driven and visible light-driven photoinduced cathodic protection characteristics.
Palladium catalyzed synthesis of poly-substituted and poly-functionalised conjugated 1,3-dienes from allyl bromides and α-diazoesters
Authors: Khan Hilal Ahmad , Wotsa Vikiho , J. Lavanya , Sivasankar Chinnapan
Published: September 2022

Straightforward access to 1,1,3,4-tetrasubstituted conjugated dienes from allyl bromides and α-diazoesters having various electron donating and electron withdrawing substrates at room temperature is reported.
Synthesis, characterization, photophysical, and photochemical studies of BODIPY derivatives
Authors: Öztürk Gündüz Ezel , Eserci Gürbüz Hande , Tasasız Berkan , Yıldız Gül Elif , Tanrıverdi Eçik Esra , Okutan Elif
Published: September 2022

Six diiodo-BODIPYs bearing benzyl, naphthalimide, and carbazole units as PSs triplet photosensitizers are prepared and their photophysical/photochemical properties are investigated. PSs are applied in the photooxidation reaction of DHN to juglone with high yields.
Li7SrScB12O24and Li7Ba0.6Ca0.4ScB12O24: two new quaternary rare-earth borates with short UV cutoff edges
Authors: Chen Jianbang , Zhang Jie , Zhu Aixin , Huang Xuchu
Published: September 2022

Two new rare-earth metal borates, namely, Li7MIIScB12O24(MII= Sr, Ba0.6Ca0.4), which feature a 3D anionic [ScB12O24]9−framework and will become a new type of rare-earth borates that have a deep-UV cutoff edge (≤200 nm).
Exploring the synthetic application of sulfinyl radicals
Authors: Zhang Zixu , Wang Xinru , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Wang Zikun
Published: September 2022

This review summarized the applications of sulfinyl radicals in organic chemistry and thoroughly examined the challenges and future development trends of sulfinyl radicals in modern organic chemistry, as well as their structures and properties.
Influence of yttrium doping on the nonlinear optical limiting properties of cadmium molybdate nanostructures
Authors: Binish B. , Rahulan K. Mani , Dhanusha A. , Girisun T. C. Sabari , Laskar Junaid Masud
Published: September 2022

(a) Polyhedral structure and (b) two photon absorption of CdMoO4 nanostructures.
Highly sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of Pb(ii) ions using Michelia tonkinensis seed extract capped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Huynh Bao An , Doan Van-Dat , Nguyen Van Cuong , Nguyen Anh-Tien , Le Van Thuan
Published: September 2022

Michelia tonkinensis seed extract capped AuNPs exhibit great potential in analyzing Pb2+ ions in aqueous solution.
A bioinspired and scalable near-ideal broadband coating for radiative thermoregulation
Authors: Song Xihao , Gao Yongfeng , Zhang Peng
Published: September 2022

A dual-layer radiative coating with near-ideal broadband emission is fabricated and demonstrated to exhibit remarkable cooling capability, a notable advantage for thermoregulation above ambient temperature, as well as potential for functionalization.
Doping engineering: modulating the intrinsic activity of bifunctional carbon-based oxygen electrocatalysts for high-performance zinc–air batteries
Authors: Zhang Huiling , Guang Huanzhu , Li Ruopeng , Lu Xiangyu , Xu Hao , Wang Dan , Xiao Lihui , Zhang Jinqiu , An Maozhong , Yang Peixia
Published: September 2022

Bifunctional carbon-based oxygen electrocatalysts in Zinc–air batteries. .
ZnO–PTFE-based antimicrobial, anti-reflective display coatings and high-sensitivity touch sensors
Authors: Ippili Swathi , Jella Venkatraju , Lee Jeong Min , Jung Jang-Su , Lee Dong-Hyun , Yang Tae-Youl , Yoon Soon-Gil
Published: September 2022

Transparent ZnO–PTFE composite thin films deposited via RF co-sputtering are demonstrated as antireflective and antimicrobial display coatings and high-sensitivity antimicrobial touch sensor for a wide range of applications in interactive devices for a safer experience.
In situ fabrication of MXene/CuS hybrids with interfacial covalent bonding via Lewis acidic etching route for efficient sodium storage
Authors: Huang Pengfei , Ying Hangjun , Zhang Shunlong , Zhang Zhao , Han Wei-Qiang
Published: September 2022

A simple strategy is proposed for the fabrication of Ti3C2Tx/CuS hybrids via Lewis acidic etching route. The Ti3C2Tx/CuS shows boosted charge/mass transfer kinetics and structural integrity, leading to superior sodium storage performance.
Design of room-temperature infrared photothermoelectric detectors based on CNT/PEDOT:PSS composites
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Xie Zhemiao , Liu Jiayu Alexander , Yeow John T. W.
Published: September 2022

Self-powered, flexible, and uncooled mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) detectors based on the photothermoelectric (PTE) mechanism are promising for the next-generation wearable Internet of Things (IoT).
Dual-action carbon quantum dots with light assist in enhancing the thermoelectric performance of polymers
Authors: Lan Xiaoqi , Wang Yeye , Chen Xiao , Liu Peipei , Liu Congcong , Xu Jingkun , Liu Cheng , Jiang Fengxing
Published: September 2022

The light to electricity conversion is realized in PP-CQDs composite thin films based on photothermal and thermoelectric effects.
TOR complex 2 is a master regulator of plasma membrane homeostasis
Authors: Thorner Jeremy
Published: September 2022

As first demonstrated in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), all eukaryotic cells contain two, distinct multi-component protein kinase complexes that each harbor the TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) polypeptide as the catalytic subunit. These ensembles, dubbed TORC1 and TORC2, function as universal, centrally important sensors, integrators, and controllers of eukaryotic cell growth and homeostasis. TORC1, activated on the cytosolic surface of the lysosome (or, in yeast, on the cytosolic surface of the vacuole), has emerged as a primary nutrient sensor that promotes cellular biosynthesis and suppresses autophagy. TORC2, located primarily at the plasma membrane, plays a major role in maintaining the proper levels and bilayer distribution of all plasma membrane components (sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, sterols, and integral membrane proteins). This article surveys what we have learned about signaling via the TORC2 complex, largely through studies conducted in S. cerevisiae. In this yeast, conditions that challenge plasma membrane integrity can, depending on the nature of the stress, stimulate or inhibit TORC2, resulting in, respectively, up-regulation or down-regulation of the phosphorylation and thus the activity of its essential downstream effector the AGC family protein kinase Ypk1. Through the ensuing effect on the efficiency with which Ypk1 phosphorylates multiple substrates that control diverse processes, membrane homeostasis is maintained. Thus, the major focus here is on TORC2, Ypk1, and the multifarious targets of Ypk1 and how the functions of these substrates are regulated by their Ypk1-mediated phosphorylation, with emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of these processes.
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs): role in seed vigor and longevity
Authors: Salvi Prafull , Varshney Vishal , Majee Manoj
Published: September 2022

Seed vigor and longevity are important agronomic attributes, as they are essentially associated with crop yield and thus the global economy. Seed longevity is a measure of seed viability and the most essential property in gene bank management since it affects regeneration of seed recycling. Reduced seed life or storability is a serious issue in seed storage since germplasm conservation and agricultural enhancement initiatives rely on it. The irreversible and ongoing process of seed deterioration comprises a complex gene regulatory network and altered metabolism that results in membrane damage, DNA integrity loss, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein damage, and disrupted antioxidative machinery. Carbohydrates and/or sugars, primarily raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), have emerged as feasible components for boosting or increasing seed vigor and longevity in recent years. RFOs are known to perform diverse functions in plants, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, besides being involved in regulating seed germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor, and longevity. We emphasized and analyzed the potential impact of RFOs on seed vigor and longevity in this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms involved in seed longevity, RFO metabolism, and how RFO content is critical and linked with seed vigor and longevity. Further molecular basis, biotechnological approaches, and CRISPR/Cas applications have been discussed briefly for the improvement of seed attributes and ultimately crop production. Likewise, we suggest advancements, challenges, and future possibilities in this area.
Prologue to the Forum: Care of the Whole Child: Key Considerations When Working With Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Iuzzini-Seigel Jenya
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

This prologue introduces the
LSHSS
Forum: Care of the Whole Child: Key Considerations When Working With Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech. The goals of the forum are to provide (a) an overview of several co-occurring conditions and challenges that may affect children in this population and (b) methods and materials to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy to help children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) to thrive.

Method:

The prologue provides an overview of what it means to care for the whole child and introduces the five articles in the forum, including research and clinical focus articles as well as tutorials. Infographics, assessment templates, video examples, case studies, and treatment goals are included throughout the forum to promote translation from research to practice.

Conclusion:

Children with CAS may experience a breadth of skills, challenges, and diagnoses. By learning (a) to identify possible co-occurring conditions, (b) when to make referrals, and (c) how to best accommodate and treat children when different conditions are present, speech-language pathologists can further increase the quality of care provided and ability to advocate for some of our most vulnerable clients and their families.
A new noise network and gradient parallelisation‐based asynchronous advantage actor‐critic algorithm
Authors: Fei Zhengshun , Wang Yanping , Wang Jinglong , Liu Kangling , Huang Bingqiang , Tan Ping
Published: September 2022

Asynchronous advantage actor‐critic (A3C) algorithm is a commonly used policy optimization algorithm in reinforcement learning, in which asynchronous is parallel interactive sampling and training, and advantage is a sampling multi‐step reward estimation method for computing weights. In order to address the problem of low efficiency and insufficient convergence caused by the traditional heuristic exploration of A3C algorithm in reinforcement learning, an improved A3C algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, a noise network function, which updates the noise tensor in an explicit way is constructed to train the agent. Generalised advantage estimation (GAE) is also adopted to describe the dominance function. Finally, a new mean gradient parallelisation method is designed to update the parameters in both the primary and secondary networks by summing and averaging the gradients passed from all the sub‐processes to the main process. Simulation experiments were conducted in a gym environment using the PyTorch Agent Net (PTAN) advanced reinforcement learning library, and the results show that the method enables the agent to complete the learning training faster and its convergence during the training process is better. The improved A3C algorithm has a better performance than the original algorithm, which can provide new ideas for subsequent research on reinforcement learning algorithms.
From shear stress to wall pressure spectra: a semi-analytical approach to account for mean pressure gradients in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Prigent Simon L. , Bailly Christophe
Published: September 2022

This study offers a semi-analytical means to compute the wall pressure spectra beneath a turbulent boundary layer depending only on the latter’s Kármán number and dimensionless pressure gradient. By inclusion of the total mean shear profiles in a mixing length model, the velocity profiles can be reconstructed under adverse, zero- and favourable pressure gradients. These profiles serve as input to existing models of the wall pressure spectra and thus remove the need for experimental or numerical data. The modelled frequency spectra fairly estimate the level of the measured ones. The three typical regions of those spectra are recovered, although the overlap one is shorter than with experimental data, and the trends of pressure gradients effects are also observed. The wavenumber representation shows the effect of pressure gradients on the convective ridge structure as its aspect ratio increases from adverse to favourable ones. The same variation is observed in experimental data, and although the absolute values of the aspect ratios do not match, qualitative observations can be made.