bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Neighboring Pixels Method for Reducing Aerosol Effects on the NDVI Images
Authors: Wang Dandan , Chen Yunhao , Wang Mengjie , Quan Jingling , Jiang Tao
Published: June 2016

A new algorithm was developed in this research to minimize aerosol effects on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Simulation results show that in red-NIR reflectance space, variations in red and NIR channels to aerosol optical depth (AOD) follow a specific pattern. Based on this rational, the apparent reflectance in these two bands of neighboring pixels were used to reduce aerosol effects on NDVI values of the central pixel. We call this method the neighboring pixels (NP) algorithm. Validation was performed over vegetated regions in the border area between China and Russia using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery. Results reveal good agreement between the aerosol corrected NDVI using our algorithm and that derived from the Landsat 8 surface reflectance products. The accuracy is related to the gradient of NDVI variation. This algorithm can achieve high accuracy in homogeneous forest or cropland with the root mean square error (RMSE) being equal to 0.046 and 0.049, respectively. This algorithm can also be applied to atmospheric correction and does not require any information about atmospheric conditions. The use of the moving window analysis technique reduces errors caused by the spatial heterogeneity of aerosols. Detections of regions with homogeneous NDVI are the primary sources of biases. This new method is operational and can prove useful at different aerosol concentration levels. In the future, this approach may also be used to examine other indexes composed of bands attenuated by noises in remote sensing.
Novel Wearable Device for Blood Leakage Detection during Hemodialysis Using an Array Sensing Patch
Authors: Du Yi-Chun , Lim Bee-Yen , Ciou Wei-Siang , Wu Ming-Jui
Published: June 2016

Hemodialysis (HD) is a clinical treatment that requires the puncturing of the body surface. However, needle dislodgement can cause a high risk of blood leakage and can be fatal to patients. Previous studies proposed several devices for blood leakage detection using optical or electrical techniques. Nonetheless, these methods used single-point detection and the design was not suitable for multi-bed monitoring. This study proposed a novel wearable device for blood leakage monitoring during HD using an array sensing patch. The array sensing patch combined with a mapping circuit and a wireless module could measure and transmit risk levels. The different risk levels could improve the working process of healthcare workers, and enhance their work efficiency and reduce inconvenience due to false alarms. Experimental results showed that each point of the sensing array could detect up to 0.1 mL of blood leakage and the array sensing patch supports a risk level monitoring system up to 8 h to alert healthcare personnel of pertinent danger to the patients.
Implications of Reverse Innovation for Socio-Economic Sustainability: A Case Study of Philips China
Authors: Shan Juan , Khan Miqdad
Published: June 2016

The idea of reverse innovation, local innovation happening in emerging markets for the global market, has gained much academic and managerial attention in recent years. The purpose of this study is to understand how reverse innovation has successfully diffused into the product and market development strategies at Philips Inc., a prominent multinational company (MNC) of the modern era. Furthermore, the study presents the success achieved by these innovations at both the domestic and global levels, along with their implications regarding socio-economic sustainability in emerging markets. In order to investigate the research questions, a case study of Philips China was conducted involving three product innovations that were found to be suitable examples of reverse innovation. After the study of extant literature on the topic, drawing from research databases, newspaper articles, and company press releases, five semi-structuredinterviews were conducted with key managers and a market practitioner to gain sufficient understanding for this exploratory study. Subsequent case analysis concludes that these innovations are examples of reverse innovation representing a new paradigm change in innovation flow. This flow of innovation from emerging markets to developed markets as confirmed by Corsi’s framework could potentially disrupt developed markets as well as contribute to ensure healthy living conditions for the population living in developing countries. If so, this represents a sustainable socio-economic change in-line with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of “ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages.” This is relevant as Philips aspires to be a prominent private sector player in achieving the above-stated goal by defeating non-communicable disease and strengthening local healthcare systems.
The Acaricidal Activity of Venom from the Jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai against the Carmine Spider Mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus
Authors: Yu Huahua , Yue Yang , Dong Xiangli , Li Rongfeng , Li Pengcheng
Published: June 2016

The carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (T. cinnabarinus) is a common polyphagous pest that attacks crops, vegetables, flowers, and so on. It is necessary to find lead compounds for developing novel, powerful, and environmentally-friendly acaricides as an alternative approach to controlling the carmine spider mite because of the serious resistance and residual agrochemicals in the environment. In addition, the study on the acaricidal activities of marine bioactive substances is comparatively deficient. In the present study, the acaricidal activity of venom (NnFV) from the jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai against the carmine spider mite T. cinnabarinus was determined for the first time. The venom had contact toxicity, and the 24-h LC50-value was 29.1 μg/mL. The mite body wall was affected by the venom, with the mite body having no luster and being seriously shrunken after 24 h. T. cinnabarinus was a potential target pest of NnFV, which had potential as a type of natural bioacaricide. The repellent activity and systemic toxicity of the venom against T. cinnabarinus were also studied. However, NnFV had no repellent activity and systemic toxicity against T. cinnabarinus.
Role of Conservation Adoption Premiums on Participation in Water Quality Trading Programs
Authors: Motallebi Marzieh , O’Connell Caela , Hoag Dana , Osmond Deanna
Published: June 2016

Over half of lakes, reservoirs, and ponds in the United States are threatened or impaired, mostly by nutrients. One policy to improve water quality is water quality trading (WQT). While the concept is appealing, adoption of conservation practices in these programs has been anemic at best. Using a case study in the newly-formed WQT market in Jordan Lake, North Carolina, we propose that part of the problem is a large adoption premium (AP) for this program. AP is the amount that farmers require over and above direct adoption costs to participate. In this study, farmers were asked at in-person interviews about their willingness to accept (WTA) a payment to adopt a particular conservation practice (riparian buffers) in order to generate and sell credits. We compared farmers’ WTA to their direct cost of participation, which allowed us to estimate an AP. On average, the AP more than doubles the cost of purchasing credits. The AP sums all of the known indirect costs already cited in the literature, and more, into a single value and is relatively simple to estimate. Knowing the AP would improve the ability of policy makers to accurately estimate what is needed to boost adoption rates in WQT programs and other conservation programs as well.
An Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, Self-Organizing Map, and Linear Genetic Programming Approach for Forecasting River Streamflow
Authors: Barge Jonathan , Sharif Hatim
Published: June 2016

This study focused on employing Linear Genetic Programming (LGP), Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), and the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) in modeling the rainfall–runoff relationship in a mid-size catchment. Models were assessed with regard to their ability to capture daily discharge at Lock and Dam 10 along the Kentucky River as well as the hybrid design of EEM-SOM-LGP to make predictions multiple time-steps ahead. Different model designs were implemented to demonstrate the improvements of hybrid designs compared to LGP as a standalone application. Additionally, LGP was utilized to gain a better understanding of the catchment in question and to assess its ability to capture different aspects of the flow hydrograph. As a standalone application, LGP was able to outperform published Artificial Neural Network (ANN) results over the same dataset, posting an average absolute relative error (AARE) of 17.118 and Nash-Sutcliff (E) of 0.937. Utilizing EEMD derived IMF runoff subcomponents for forecasting daily discharge resulted in an AARE of 14.232 and E of 0.981. Clustering the EEMD-derived input space through an SOM before LGP application returned the strongest results, posting an AARE of 10.122 and E of 0.987. Applying LGP to the distinctive low and high flow seasons demonstrated a loss in correlation for the low flow season with an under-predictive nature signified by a normalized mean biased error (NMBE) of −2.353. Separating the rising and falling trends of the hydrograph showed that the falling trends were more easily captured with an AARE of 8.511 and E of 0.968 compared to the rising trends AARE of 38.744 and E of 0.948. Utilizing the EEMD-SOM-LGP design to make predictions multiple-time-steps ahead resulted in a AARE of 43.365 and E of 0.902 for predicting streamflow three days ahead. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of utilizing EEMD and an SOM in conjunction with LGP for streamflow forecasting.
La reconversion des anciennes villes-usines européennes, ou la question de la survie urbaine (The redevelopment of European company-towns, a matter of urban survival)
Authors: Edelblutte Simon
Published: June 2016

Les villes-usines, définies comme des villes entièrement ou presque entièrement nées d’une ou plusieurs ou usines, doivent faire face, avec la fermeture et le désengagement de ou des usines à l’origine de la ville, à de multiples problèmes : développement de friches, baisse de la population, absence d’activités-relais, etc. Elles doivent donc, si elles veulent rester urbaines, entreprendre rapidement leur reconversion. Cet article synthétise les actions effectuées dans ce domaine et en présente les principaux résultats, mélanges de réussites et d’échecs.
Les grands ensembles en France et dans les nouveaux Länder : perspective comparatiste (Public housing estates in France and germany’s “New Länder : a comparative perspective)
Authors: de Gasperin Axelle
Published: June 2016

Public housing estates in France and Eastern Germany’s «new Länder » experience forms of disaffection, albeit in very different context. In both cases, operations of urban renewal have been launched, including, among other measures, demolition of buildings. By concentrating on urban form, we try to point out the similiarities between the two situations, in order to shed some new light on housing estates probems and the meaning to give to demolitions.
Esch-Belval : de la reconversion d’une friche sidérurgique luxembourgeoise à la recomposition d’une agglomération transfrontalière (Esch-Belval : from the redevelopment of Luxembourg’s former steel-making site to the reshaping of a cross-border agglomeration)
Authors: Del Biondo Lucas
Published: June 2016

Le redéveloppement de la friche sidérurgique luxembourgeoise d’Esch-Belval est un grand projet urbain mixte, de par son programme universitaire, économique, administratif, et résidentiel. Il constitue un point de départ fort pour décentraliser le Grand-Duché et revitaliser son ancien bassin minier. De l’autre côté de la frontière, dans le nord du Pays-Haut lorrain, les anciennes communes industrielles demeurent démunies suite aux fermetures totales des mines et des usines. Face au phénomène frontalier notamment, le bassin de vie d’Esch-sur-Alzette Villerupt nécessite une recomposition urbaine fonctionnelle, mais la volonté d’aménager une éco-agglomération transfrontalière est une perspective qui contraste encore nettement avec la situation actuelle. Toutefois, l’implantation voisine de l’ambitieux projet d’Esch-Belval a permis d’attirer l’attention du gouvernement français, au point qu’il a déclaré le versant français “ Opération d’Intérêt National” en décembre 2009. Cette décision, associée à la labellisation “ écocité” du territoire et à la signature du GECT “Alzette-Belval” en 2010, semble donner les moyens aux communes françaises de voir enfin débuter un long chantier urbain.
MAGNETIC HELICITY REVERSALS IN A CYCLIC CONVECTIVE DYNAMO
Authors: Miesch Mark S. , Zhang Mei , Augustson Kyle C.
Published: June 2016

We investigate the role of magnetic helicity in promoting cyclic magnetic activity in a global, 3D, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of a convective dynamo. This simulation is characterized by coherent bands of toroidal field that exist within the convection zone, with opposite polarities in the northern hemisphere (NH) and southern hemisphere (SH). Throughout most of the cycle, the magnetic helicity in these bands is negative in the NH and positive in the SH. However, during the declining phase of each cycle, this hemispheric rule reverses. We attribute this to a global restructuring of the magnetic topology that is induced by the interaction of the bands across the equator. This band interaction appears to be ultimately responsible for, or at least associated with, the decay and subsequent reversal of both the toroidal bands and the polar fields. We briefly discuss the implications of these results within the context of solar observations, which also show some potential evidence for toroidal band interactions and helicity reversals.
A participação política do cidadão sob o enfoque teórico da Tecnologia da Informação (TI)
Authors: Marchisotti Gustavo Guimarães , Villanova Ana , Rust Barbara Albuquerque , De Carvalho Rodrigo Baroni
Published: June 2016

O objetivo desse artigo é de identificar e analisar qual é a influência da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) sobre a participação política do cidadão, por meio do método de revisão da literatura. A fim de orientar a investigação, as seguintes variáveis foram consideradas na análise: e-participação, e-democracia, participação política, redes sociais e tecnologia da informação. Por meio da análise da literatura especializada, buscou-se identificar se a TI encoraja os cidadãos a participar na política, e como é evidenciado nesses artigos. A pesquisa foi focada na e-participação de baixo para cima, ou seja, quando o cidadão inicia a participação, o oposto de cima para baixo, quando o Governo a inicia. Concluiu-se que a TI pode estimular os cidadãos a participar na política, mas existem restrições. Há um grande potencial em mídias sociais e outras ferramentas de TI para incentivar o engajamento político do cidadão, mas esse estímulo não ocorre na mesma situação e não o tempo todo. Cinco condições devem ser garantidas para o estímulo eficaz de engajamento político do cidadão: 1) corrigir ferramentas de TI; 2) Cidadão liberdade; 3) contexto adequado; 4) no controle da instituição e 5) acesso à Internet. Além disso, o artigo evidencia que a literatura selecionada considera que a mídia social é o instrumento mais eficaz para influenciar e-participação, mostrando uma visão utilitária da TI.

 

Palavras-chave: E-participação. e-democracia. participação política. redes sociais. tecnologia da informação.
The "Martian" flora: new collections of vascular plants, lichens, fungi, algae, and cyanobacteria from the Mars Desert Research Station, Utah
Authors: Sokoloff Paul , Freebury Colin , Hamilton Paul , Saarela Jeffery
Published: June 2016

The Mars Desert Research Station is a Mars analog research site located in the desert outside of Hanksville, Utah, U.S.A. Here we present a preliminary checklist of the vascular plant and lichen flora for the station, based on collections made primarily during a two-week simulated Mars mission in November, 2014. Additionally, we present notes on the endolithic chlorophytes and cyanobacteria, and the identification of a fungal genus also based on these collections. Altogether, we recorded 38 vascular plant species from 14 families, 13 lichen species from seven families, six algae taxa including both chlorophytes and cyanobacteria, and one fungal genus from the station and surrounding area. We discuss this floristic diversity in the context of the ecology of the nearby San Rafael Swell and the desert areas of Wayne and Emery counties in southeastern Utah.
L’amalgame : une réforme inaboutie
Authors: Seguy Jean-Yves
Published: June 2016

En 1926, le ministre radical de l’Instruction publique et des Beaux-arts, Édouard Herriot met en place l’expérience de l’amalgame. Il s’agit de regrouper dans certains cours, des élèves des sections classiques et modernes de l’enseignement secondaire et des élèves de l’enseignement primaire supérieur. Cette expérience se caractérise par la mise en œuvre de justifications économiques en lien avec le projet de réforme plus général de l’école unique. Le souci d’établir les bases d’une école démocratique passe en effet en ce début de XX e siècle par la volonté de rassemblement de l’ordre primaire et de l’ordre secondaire, permettant ainsi, dans une volonté de justice sociale, de déterminer les places dans l’institution scolaire, non en fonction des classes sociales d’origine, mais en fonction du mérite individuel. Cet article analyse les conditions d’instauration de l’expérience de l’amalgame, appréhende les résistances qui se sont exprimées face à cette réforme, et considère celle-ci au regard de l’évolution des politiques éducatives de l’entre-deux-guerres.
La création du CAPES : révolution ou innovation contrariée (1950-1952) ?
Authors: Verneuil Yves
Published: June 2016

Le statut de la fonction publique ayant exigé un recrutement par concours, auquel ne suffisent ni l’agrégation pour les lycées, ni le CAEC pour les collèges, il est décidé, en 1950, de créer un nouveau concours pour le recrutement des professeurs du second degré, le CAPES. L’agrégation est toutefois maintenue et demeure la référence. Le défaut de formation pédagogique des agrégés a pourtant conduit le directeur des enseignements du second degré, Gustave Monod, à donner la priorité, dans le CAPES, à cette formation : les épreuves pédagogiques se passent avant les épreuves scientifiques, lesquelles reposent sur les programmes du second degré ; le niveau scientifique des candidats est censé avoir déjà été vérifié par l’obtention de la licence. Ces dispositions sont très fortement contestées par les principales organisations corporatives de l’enseignement secondaire. En 1952, le successeur de Gustave Monod, Charles Brunold, revient sur l’antériorité des épreuves pédagogiques dans les épreuves du CAPES. Naissait l’institution des CPR, qui consacre l’idée d’un temps de formation pédagogique pour les certifiés, on pourrait dire que le CAPES prend la forme d’une « petite agrégation ».
Face aux réformes, les réticences influentes de « ceux qui aiment l’École » : analyse sociohistorique
Authors: Forestier Yann
Published: June 2016

Appuyé sur l’analyse d’un corpus d’articles parus dans la presse française d’information générale entre 1959 et 2008, cet article s’interroge sur la récurrence des débats provoqués par les projets de réforme successifs depuis les années soixante. Il met en évidence le pouvoir de captation d’une polémique répétitive qui, en opposant de façon apparemment symétrique des camps dits « républicain » et « pédagogue », parvient à imposer des catégories de perception du monde scolaire soutenues par des réflexes identitaires plus que par des convictions philosophiques. Une analyse des évolutions de la façon dont la presse aborde les questions d’éducation sur un demi-siècle montre que cette querelle, systématiquement initiée par des réactions antipédagogistes, répond idéalement aux attentes des médias. On constate de plus que le refus des réformes qui la motive participe d’une entreprise de revalorisation identitaire qui rencontre les inquiétudes d’un groupe social, au croisement du monde enseignant, journalistique et intellectuel, dont les transformations de l’École bouleversent les repères identitaires.
La réforme de la voie professionnelle : une politique scolaire ?
Authors: Maillard Fabienne
Published: June 2016

Engagée pour améliorer son efficience et la rapprocher davantage du monde du travail, la rénovation de la voie professionnelle lancée fin 2007 propose en fait une nouvelle architecture des diplômes et de l’offre de formation. Outre qu’elle généralise la préparation du baccalauréat professionnel en 3 ans, elle fait du BEP une « certification intermédiaire » sans formation et relance le CAP dans les lycées professionnels. En dépit des arguments liés aux besoins économiques et professionnels officiellement brandis, l’analyse de sa genèse et de ses premiers résultats montre que ses objectifs sont plutôt budgétaires et scolaires, le travail et l’emploi occupant une place très secondaire. Elle s’inscrit par conséquent dans une politique de scolarisation de la voie professionnelle, qui contribue à brouiller l’image des diplômes dans le système éducatif comme sur le marché du travail.
Les gauches et les réformes éducatives : quel(s) regard(s) des sciences sociales sur un couple complexe ?
Authors: Ferhat Ismail
Published: June 2016

Comment les sciences sociales ont-elles traité les rapports entre les gauches (entendues comme l’ensemble des organisations se réclamant de cette notion) et les réformes éducatives (entendues comme la volonté politique de transformer le système éducatif) ? Cette note souhaite effectuer une analyse bibliographique d’un sujet à la fois ancien et d’actualité. Le sujet a été jusqu’à récemment peu traité, tant la proximité entre gauches et éducation paraissait naturelle, et en quelque sorte inutile à étudier plus en amont. S’appuyant sur les travaux produits en France depuis les années 1970, la note croise les regards issus de l’histoire, des sciences de l’éducation, de la science politique et de la sociologie, et souligne que cette littérature scientifique est en partie liée au contexte politique et éducatif. Elle distingue trois approches distinctes au sein de celle-ci. La première est celle des programmes et projets pour l’éducation produits par les organisations de gauche. La deuxième est constituée par le syndicalisme enseignant. La troisième s’intéresse aux politiques éducatives menées par les gauches et aux tensions qu’elles entraînent.
Élise Freinet, une pédagogue de l’art enfantin
Authors: Go Henri Louis
Published: June 2016

Les pédagogues de l’Éducation Nouvelle se sont intéressés à la place de l’éducation artistique dans les écoles alternatives. Élise Freinet est à l’origine d’une conception originale de l’éducation artistique connue sous le nom d’art enfantin. Son expérience du dessin libre et de la peinture libre forme un tout qui vient s’intégrer à ce que Freinet appela la libre expression de l’enfant. Élise Freinet se préoccupa également de la diffusion de cette méthode éducative en créant la revue Art Enfantin. L’enquête historique menée sur l’archive des articles publiés dans les revues L’Imprimerie à l’École, L’Éducateur Prolétarien et Art Enfantin nous permet de reconstruire les grandes étapes et les aspects évolutifs de cette expérience. Cette recherche nous permet d’identifier l’identité spécifique d’Élise Freinet dans son apport au courant des pédagogies nouvelles et plus précisément à la pédagogie Freinet.
Une exposition « clés en main » : la difficile prise en compte des apprentissages dans le partenariat scolaire
Authors: Netter Julien
Published: June 2016

Le partenariat entre les acteurs de l’éducation connaît un nouveau développement avec la réforme des rythmes scolaires, symptomatique de l’adoption du paradigme de l’« éclectisme éclairé » au sein du système scolaire français. L’observation d’une sortie au musée extraite d’une enquête ethnographique d’orientation sociologique dans les écoles parisiennes montre que les pratiques et modes d’organisation divergents des acteurs les conduisent à mettre en œuvre des formes de coopération très contraintes. Ils semblent privilégier les conditions de réalisation du partenariat et la préservation d’un équilibre fragile au sein de l’école sur les modalités d’appropriation des expériences culturelles. Dès lors, certains élèves, souvent issus de milieux populaires, peinent à articuler la classe avec leurs différentes expériences culturelles et à retirer un bénéfice de leur synthèse.
Le monde de l’affinage : technologies, marché, réseaux et enjeux stratégiques
Authors: Leymonerie Claire , Pache Jean-Marie
Published: June 2016

Jean-Marie Pache décrit son expérience du monde de l’affinage de l’aluminium à travers sa carrière chez Affimet de 1983 à 1998, alors filiale du groupe Pechiney. Après avoir défini le périmètre de cette branche bien particulière de la métallurgie et donné une première approche de son évolution technologique, l’ancien président directeur général dresse un tableau des relations à la fois avec l’amont, le monde de la récupération, des ferrailleurs et des « chineurs » et avec l’aval, la filière automobile notamment. Il présente alors les stratégies des différents acteurs, les rapports de force, les alliances, les ententes, dans un univers où l’estimation de la valeur de la marchandise est complexe et où par conséquent les relations de confiance d’homme à homme sont fondamentales. D’une manière générale, le témoignage de Jean-Marie Pache apporte un éclairage sur la place de l’affinage au sein de l’industrie française de l’aluminium dans un contexte marqué depuis les années 1960 par la nécessité économique et environnementale du recyclage.
Auzat, des « hommes de l’alu » ... aux « dieux du stade »
Authors: Millet Michel
Published: June 2016

Près d’un siècle après sa création, l’usine de production d’aluminium primaire d’Auzat s’est arrêtée en 2003, laissant profondément sinistrée l’économie locale de la vallée du Vicdessos dans les Pyrénées ariégeoises, quand bien même cette fermeture était redoutée depuis une vingtaine d’années. La revitalisation économique d’une région de montagne n’est pas chose aisée et il aura fallu surmonter bien des difficultés pour que les parties prenantes s’accordent sur le projet de reconversion de l’ancien site industriel en une « Plaine des Sports ». Mais le résultat est d’autant plus appréciable. Ce complexe sportif inauguré en 2011 vient parfaitement compléter les offres d’activités sportives, récréatives et de remise en forme de de la « Station Sport Nature du Montcal » de la vallée du Vicdessos, désormais résolument tournée vers le tourisme.
Influence des différences interindividuelles et de la mobilité professionnelle sur le sens du travail
Authors: Arnoux-Nicolas Caroline , Dosnon Odile , Lallemand Noëlle , Sovet Laurent , Di Fabio Annamaria , Bernaud Jean-Luc
Published: June 2016

Si la conceptualisation et la mesure du sens du travail font l’objet d’une littérature scientifique croissante, peu d’études ont été conduites sur ses prédicteurs. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’examiner l’influence qu’ont la personnalité et la mobilité professionnelle sur le sens du travail auprès de personnels administratifs travaillant au sein d’universités publiques françaises. Un échantillon de 500 participants a complété différentes échelles psychométriques permettant d’évaluer la personnalité (Big Five, styles d’attribution), la mobilité professionnelle (indicateurs objectifs et subjectifs) et le sens du travail. Les analyses de régression hiérarchique indiquent que la personnalité et les indicateurs subjectifs de la mobilité professionnelle expliquent respectivement 17 % et 21 % de la variance du sens du travail. Ces résultats soulignent plus particulièrement l’importance de la perception qu’a l’individu de son expérience de mobilité professionnelle dans la compréhension du sens du travail. La discussion se centre sur l’importance d’une compréhension dynamique du sens du travail et conclut sur la manière d’accompagner les salariés dans leur rapport au travail.
Organisational health and performance: an empirical assessment of smallholder producer organisations in Africa
Authors: Wouterse F. , Francesconi G.N.
Published: June 2016

We use recent data from 253 smallholder producer organisations (SPOs) in Ethiopia, Malawi and Senegal, factor and regression analysis to define organisational health, understand its determinants and relate health to performance. We find that latent health evolves according to a life cycle and that start up incentives and design rules are important determinants of an organisation’s progression through this life cycle. Health, in turn, is found to explain SPO performance measured in terms of profits. Healthier and more profitable SPOs are those with an economic justification at establishment, those initially pursuing defensive objectives and those SPOs that have put in place a strategy for capital formation. More educated presidents contribute to the health of an SPO but it is also shown that when the president of the SPO is female, profits are lower while the organisation is not healthier.
Gender Diagnoses in the
DSM
and
ICD
Authors: Drescher Jack
Published: June 2016

In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association published the fifth edition of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(
DSM-5
). In
DSM-5
, the gender identity disorder diagnoses were retained, but were given a new name: gender dysphoria (GD), with a GD diagnosis for children and another for adolescents and adults. The World Health Organization (WHO) is revising the 11th edition of the
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
(
ICD-11
). The proposal for
ICD-11
, expected to be released in 2018, includes a new category: gender incongruence (GI), with a GI diagnosis for children and another for adolescents and adults. Both the
DSM-5
Workgroup on Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders and later the WHO Working Group on Sexual Disorders and Sexual Health faced similar tasks—reconciling patients' need for access to care with the stigma of a psychiatric diagnosis. The differing nature of the two diagnostic manuals, however, led to two different outcomes.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(6):350–354.]
Attitudes of Diploma Student Nurses Toward Adult Clients
Authors: Giardina-Roche Carmelina , Black Margaret E.A.
Published: June 2016

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the attitudes of diploma nursing students towards adult clients of different ages in various health situations. The present study has attempted to fill a gap in nursing research using a new approach: “the person perception paradigm.” One hundred college students in the last year of their nursing program completed a questionnaire. Students in this study rated eight photos of male clients, ranging in ages from 20 to 90 years, in various health situations. The rating scales were set up with 12 pairs of bipolar adjectives which reflected three dimensions: competence, benevolence, and health. The second part of the questionnaire consisted of seven questions pertaining to the particular respondent. The subject data sheet required the respondents to state their age, sex, current status in the diploma program, previous education, experiences with the elderly, and preference of work upon completion of the diploma nursing program.

A multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that nursing students demonstrated positive attitudes toward the elderly as compared to younger clients for competence, benevolence, and health. In particular, the student nurses rated the 60- and 80-year-old men more positively than younger clients in both success and failure conditions. The magnitude of the differences for the success and failure ratings was much greater for the 20- and 60-year-old men than the magnitude of the ratings for the 40-year-old men or 80-year-old men. The success and failure interaction did not clearly support the expectation of a subtle age bias with the 60-and 80-year-old men. Data analyzed from the subject information sheet revealed nursing students do not indicate an interest in working with the elderly upon completion of the program. Education, age, and sex of the subject had no significance in the attitudes of student nurses. However, students with more past experiences with the elderly indicated more positive attitudes towards elders.

Future studies should be carried out to examine what exactly in the diploma nursing program promotes positive attitudes, whether attitudes of students affect their quality of care, and whether the person perception paradigm produces similar results in another school of nursing. Also, more research is required to examine the effect of the specific health situations on the age-related person perceptions of diploma student nurses.
Habitat partitioning by juvenile fishes in a temperate estuarine nursery, South Africa
Authors: Edworthy Carla , Strydom Nadine
Published: June 2016

Multiple habitats were investigated in a known fish nursery area to further understand habitat partitioning among juveniles in the lower reaches of the warm temperate, permanently open Swartkops Estuary, South Africa. Fishes were collected using a 30-m seine net with a mesh size of 10 mm in sand, mud, creek and vegetated habitat types. Each habitat type was sampled in two locations twice per season from February 2013 to January 2014. Shallow-water creeks and vegetated habitats with coverage of Zostera capensis and Spartina maritima were found to be important use areas for numerous solely estuarine and marine estuarine-dependent species. This was evidenced by the high species diversity, abundance and size range per species occurring in these habitats. Seasonal trends were similar to those in previous studies worldwide, where higher abundances of juveniles of marine estuarine-dependent species coincided with summer recruitment into estuarine nurseries. However, recruitment appears to begin as early as late winter in some species, a phenomenon probably linked to a warming climate. Both resident species and those utilizing the area as a nursery area show a large degree of plasticity in habitat use in the lower reaches of the estuary, which became apparent when multiple habitats were compared. The drivers of these patterns involve a complex interaction of species, habitat type, behaviour, feeding, predator avoidance and physico-chemical factors occurring in the estuary.
A Review on Digital Sphere Threats and Vulnerabilities
Authors: S. Muthuramalingam , M. Thangavel , S. Sridhar
Published: June 2016

Digital Sphere is a global network which consists of all the resources that are required for the users, who connected with the digital network. It connects the entire world through the digital technologies. The digital network includes services, applications, and web page files. By connecting, to this network, people from one end in the world can able to communicate and share their knowledge across the world. Global communication and sharing may allow an unknown person which can disrupt the services. This chapter proposes a review on the threats and vulnerabilities related to the digital sphere network with value added security guidelines and countermeasures given to overcome such issues.
Classification of Cybercrimes and Punishments under the Information Technology Act, 2000
Authors: H. Sree Krishna Bharadwaj
Published: June 2016

Cybercrimes are those crimes which are associated with the latest technology including internet. There are various forms of committing crimes using the internet. As a result newer forms of crimes have emerged in the society. Some of the newer crimes are traditional crimes which are committed through the internet such as defamation, fraud, harassment, trespass etc. It is necessary to understand what the laws in India suggest towards these kind of newer crimes happening in the society. This paper deals with the types of cybercrimes and also provides the offences and punishments under the Information Technology Act, 2000 in India.
Combating Cyber Security Breaches in Digital World Using Misuse Detection Methods
Authors: T. Subbulakshmi
Published: June 2016

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a major role in the area of combating security breaches for information security. Current IDS are developed with Machine learning techniques like Artificial Neural Networks, C 4.5, KNN, Naïve Bayes classifiers, Genetic algorithms Fuzzy logic and SVMs. The objective of this paper is to apply Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines for intrusion detection. Artificial Neural Networks are applied along with faster training methods like variable learning rate and scaled conjugate gradient. Support Vector Machines use various kernel functions to improve the performance. From the kddcup'99 dataset 45,657 instances are taken and used in our experiment. The speed is compared for various training functions. The performance of various kernel functions is assessed. The detection rate of Support Vector Machines is found to be greater than Artificial Neural Networks with less number of false positives and with less time of detection.
Effective Recognition of Stereo Image Concealed Media of Interpolation Error with Difference Expansion
Authors: J. Hemalatha , K. Kavitha Devi M.
Published: June 2016

In this chapter, a new data conceal technique is anticipated for digital images. The method computes the interpolation error of the image by using histogram shifting method and difference expansion. With the expectation of embedding high payload and less distortion, the undisclosed data has embedded in the interpolating error. Additionally for hiding the data, reversible data hiding technique is used. The histogram deviation is used as evidence for resulting the data conceal in the stereo images. To our best knowledge, by extracting the statistical feature from the image subsample works as steganalysis scheme. To enhance the revealing rate precision the well known support vector machine acts as classifier. In addition to that the experimental results show that the proposed steganalysis method has enhanced the detection exactness of the stego images.
Visual Sensor Networks
Authors: G Suseela , Y Asnath Victy Phamila
Published: June 2016

Visual Sensor Network (VSN) is a network of distributed battery-powered low-cost cameras and CMOS image sensors, each with the capability of capturing, processing, sending, and receiving images. VSN applications include remote monitoring, Security, elderly assistance, Visual Ubiquity, home monitoring, tracking. The highly sensitive nature of images makes security and privacy in VSNs even more important than in most other sensor and data networks. However, the direct use of security techniques developed for scalar WSN will not be suitable for VSN due to its resource constraint. Hence light weight security mechanisms need to be explored. In this chapter the challenging security issues at various layers in VSN are addressed. It also fosters discussion on privacy protection techniques like subjective privacy, Video masking techniques and identifies recent trends in VSN security and privacy. A discussion of open research issues concludes this chapter.
Promoting Leadership Development and Talent Management in Modern Organizations
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: June 2016

This chapter aims to promote leadership development and talent management in modern organizations, thus describing the theoretical and practical overviews of leadership, leadership development, and talent management; the importance of leadership development in modern organizations; and the importance of talent management in modern organizations. Promoting leadership development and talent management is required for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, improve business performance, reinforce competitiveness, and gain continuous effectiveness in the digital age. Therefore, it is necessary to promote their leadership development and talent management, establish a strategic plan to regularly check their practical advancements, and immediately respond to leadership development and talent management needs of executives and employees in modern organizations. Promoting leadership development and talent management in modern organizations has the potential to enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in the era of globalization.
Developing Project Team Cohesiveness in a Virtual Environment
Authors: Toler Lisa
Published: June 2016

As more projects require the specialized technical skills of those who work in virtual environments due to dispersed geographic locations, project managers of these distributed virtual teams (DVT) must gain insight into achieving project success amongst team members who hold varying operational and world perspectives. When organizational managers decide to implement virtual teams (VT), can they develop strategies to overcome the lack of social interaction, cultural differences, and preconceived notions that can hinder the development of a collaborative and cohesive team? In addition, leading DVTs in a manner that encourages collaboration, diversity, competency building, open communication, and overcoming feelings of isolation must be met in this technology-based environment. This chapter addresses the dilemma of managers in which they must have a clear understanding of what communication and relationship-building techniques and management systems are best suited.
The Power of Three
Authors: Riemann Ute
Published: June 2016

The idea behind this chapter paper is that transformation projects can support can be better supported in terms of organizational change, process changes and IT system landscape changes with the application of a blended methodology of project management, organizational change management and Design Thinking. In other words: the proposal is that organizational change management and Design Thinking shall be an integral part of project management.
‘Smart' Project Management
Authors: Silvius Céline M. , Silvius Gilbert
Published: June 2016

Mobile devices and applications are changing the way individuals gather, process and share information. A development which also applies to project management. This chapter reports an explorative study on the functionality of 50 project management apps. The apps were analyzed on the variables: type of functionality, project management processes supported, methodology/standard supported, topics covered, website support, languages supported, project roles supported, number of team members supported and number of projects supported. Our analysis showed that the functionality of project management apps today is mainly focused on two application areas: (A) Supporting the role of the project manager individually in the planning/organizing processes of the project and (B) Supporting team communication and team collaboration. Lacking in functionality seems to be the communication/collaboration with project sponsor and other stakeholders. Based on our study we recommend project managers to be selective when starting to use project management apps.
Managing Project Sustainability
Authors: Tam Gilman C. K.
Published: June 2016

Managing project sustainability is becoming important in the last two decades since the Earth Summit in 1992. An increasing number of projects have built in sustainability considerations into project design and implementation. Recent research findings show that lack of sustainability knowledge for project managers is a key barrier to drive projects and programs contributing towards a sustainable society. Definitions and approaches (pillar-based and principles-based) to sustainability in project management together with project manager competence requirements are discussed. The purpose of this chapter is to devise an assessment tool for project managers incorporating the concept of pillar-based and principles-based sustainability approaches as well as the EIA-driven and objectives-led assessment methodologies. Criteria for selecting assessment scheme appropriate to various project initiatives are developed. Integrating selected assessment methodology into sustainability evaluation framework within the project life cycle forms a complete tool. This chapter contributes to devising a practical assessment tool for project managers in managing project sustainability.
Social Media for Project Management
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: June 2016

In the past, project managers could assume that most team members were in a single office location. Project management software was installed on a desktop workstation and status reports were delivered at weekly meetings. Social media use can provide real time information to project stakeholders and meet the demand of the “24 hour workday”. Social media use can reduce traveling expenses and help document best practices & project learning. This chapter explore how project managers can use social media tools and how social media tools fit effectively into each project.
Critical Chain Method in Traditional Project and Portfolio Management Situations
Authors: Anantatmula Vittal S. , Webb James B.
Published: June 2016

Critical Path (CP) method has been under scrutiny in recent years as the next evolution of project schedule development, the Critical Chain (CC) project management is gaining attention. Advocates of the Critical Chain method cite the Critical Path method's failure to address uncertainty properly. The purpose of this paper is to apply some of the features of the Critical Chain concepts to traditional approach of Critical Path for projects. More importantly, this research effort aims to demonstrate the applicability of CCPM to managing a portfolio of projects. The analysis, based on a critical review of past studies, experiments in both Critical Path and Critical Chain techniques, and a case study, presents recommendations to gain benefits of Critical Chain in a traditional Critical Path scheduling environment and to manage portfolio of projects or programs using some of the concepts of the Critical Chain Method.
High-Performance Work Practices in Healthcare Sector
Authors: Gkorezis Panagiotis , Theodorou Mamas
Published: June 2016

High-performance work practices are described as human resource management practices that augment organizational performance through enhancing employees' competencies, motivation, commitment and productivity. Last decades have seen an increase in both research and practice on high-performance work practices. Yet, they have only recently received attention in healthcare settings. Nascent empirical studies have shown that high-performance work practices may play a vital role in fostering positive employee, patient and organizational outcomes. Given the problematic and limited environment of healthcare organizations, high-performance work practices are purported to be an effective “medicine” for organizational functioning. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to delineate human resource management policies and their core high-performance work practices and also highlight their key role in ameliorating healthcare organizations' performance. By doing so, we provide some useful insights from healthcare literature in relation to the underlying mechanisms that account for this relationship.