bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discursive Strategies as a Tool for Forming Public Opinion Evidenced by Articles from The Economist
Authors:   MGIMO University, Klimovich N.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research is to identify the general and special in the linguistic basis of the communication and pragmatic orientation of the political discourse that shapes public opinion. The work is based on the texts thematically united by the theme ‘protest’. Research tools include methods of comparison, analysis of discourse strategies, lexical-semantic fields, and linguistic statistics. The research focuses on discursive strategies. The referential strategy includes an event-factual plan of the events being described. The connotative strategy works with emotionally expressive and evaluative vocabulary. Strategies of amplification, neutralization and silence provide the desired balance of facts, emotions and assessments. The study begins with identifying central lexical-semantic fields (LSFs) based on headings and subheadings and comparing their nomenclature. Then the referential and connotative components of the LSF and the ways to achieve the target impact on the audience are compared. The results of the work allow us to draw two conclusions: condemnation or approval of protest and government actions is determined by the degree of friendliness or unfriendliness between countries; Western journalism ceases to follow the principles of ob­jectivity and equidistance when describing events and turns into a tool for manipulating public opinion. This methodology is used in teaching courses in political science, international relations.
The Pragmatic Significance of Biblical Allusions in English-Language Socio-Political Discourse
Authors:   MGIMO University, Makarov N.
Published: February 2025

The present study is devoted to the analysis of pragmatic and functional features of English-language socio-political discourse revealed with the help of biblical allusions, as well as to the study of the pragmatic significance of allusions to the Bible within this type of discourse. The article considers texts of socio-political content and analyses references to the texts of the Holy Scripture. As a result of the study, it is revealed that these allusions demonstrate the emotionality and expressiveness of socio-political dis­course, its esoteric character, actualize implicitness, argumentativeness, as well as provide evaluative character and subjectivity of this type of discourse. Also, as a result of the study the follow­ing components of semantic meaning of biblical allusions were identified: religious, moral and ethical, historical, cultural and mythological components.
Formation of Enemy Image in the Headlines of English-Language Newspapers
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Posternyak K. , Boeva-Omelechko N. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: February 2025

The subject of this article is the linguistic means of forming the image of an ethnic enemy in the headlines of the English-lan­guage media during periods of aggravation of relations between states. The purpose of the article is to conceptually update the images of Russians, Chinese and Iranians on the basis of their ver­bal representation in the headlines of British and American news and analytical media in 2015–2023. This goal is achieved by ap­plying the methods of seminal, contextual and linguistic analysis, as well as the method of critical discourse analysis in the process­ing of text material. The article identifies extralinguistic reasons that determine the representation of these ethnic groups as hostile to the Anglo-Saxon world. The results of the study show that the conceptual spaces of enemy images include the concepts of WAR, WEAPONS, HATRED, DEATH and others. We come to the conclu­sion that headlines with ethnonyms perform manipulative and suggestive functions to justify the hostile foreign policy of the United States and Great Britain towards Russia, China and Iran. The results of this study can be useful both for specialists in the field of imagology and political linguistics, and for journalists.
Digitalization of the Russian general education system: Current state and problems
Authors: EFIMOVA Elena G. , PROSTOVA Dina M.
Published: February 2025

Nazarov D.M. [Economy 2.0: neoclassics, digital transformation and evolutionary economy]. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta, 2023, no. 4, pp. 7–16. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Pak N.I. [A mental approach to digital transformation of education]. Otkrytoe obrazovanie, 2021, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 4–14. (In Russ.) URL: Link
Belousova E.A., Kaibicheva C.I. [Prospects of incremental approach in strategic planning of rural municipalities’ socio-economic development]. Upravlenets = The Manager, 2022, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 49–67. (In Russ.) URL: Link
Lebezova E.M., Ovcharenko L.A. [A model of citizens’ digital participation in the Smart Environment]. Journal of New Economy, 2022, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 62–85. (In Russ.) URL: Link
Al Hasani S.H.S., Husin N.A. A Review of Digital Transformation of Education in Oman. Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 2021, vol. 11, iss. 2, pp. 41–59. URL: Link
Darling-Hammond L., Hyler M.E. Preparing Educators for the Time of COVID and Beyond. European Journal of Teacher Education, 2020, vol. 43, iss. 4, pp. 457–465. URL: Link
Harris A. COVID-19 – School Leadership in Crisis? Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 2020, vol. 5, no. 3-4, pp. 321–326. URL: Link
De Oliveira K.K.S., De Souza R.A.C. Digital Transformation towards Education 4.0. Informatics in Education, 2022, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 283–309. URL: Link
Van Chieu N., Thanh Lich H., Tich Nghi N. Policies for Promoting the Digital Transformation in Education in Ethnic Minority and Mountainous Areas. VNU Journal of Science: Policy and Management Studies, 2022, vol. 38, no. 3. URL: Link
Vial G. Understanding Digital Transformation: A Review and a Research Agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 2019, vol. 28, iss. 2, pp. 118–144. URL: Link
Current requirements for strategic management of socioeconomic development and national security
Authors: KRUPNOV Yurii A. , SIL'VESTROV Sergei N.
Published: February 2025

Subject. This article discusses the issues of development of the strategic management system in the context of escalating the threats to Russia's national security.
Objectives. The article aims to develop functional requirements for strategic management corresponding to the current situation.
Methods. For the study, we used the formal-logical and structural-functional methods.
Results. The article identifies problems, both the external and internal ones, that cannot be solved through extensive increase in the volume of resources used. The article proposes the author-developed requirements for the subjects of strategic management related to various risks and threats, confidentiality of information, and other tasks.
Conclusions. The role of strategic management in the system of public administration gets more important in the context of economic crisis and military threats. In the current conditions, standard management actions are insufficient.
Influenza Vaccination Rates, Perceptions, and Vaccine Hesitancy in K-12 Teachers and Staff
Authors: Cleveland Kevin , Eroschenko Kathy , Davenport Dalys , Nguyen Elaine
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Vaccination misinformation can contribute to vaccine hesitancy and decreased vaccination. Previous immunization events at various K-12 schools carried out by Idaho State University L.S. Skaggs College of Pharmacy have noticed a small turn out of teachers and staff getting immunized during these events. Given the prominent role that teachers/staff serve in communities, we surveyed K-12 teachers and staff to determine their perceptions, knowledge, and reasons surrounding vaccine hesitancy. Our survey focused on the influenza vaccine, but also inquired about vaccine knowledge in general.   
METHODS: A Qualtrics survey was distributed online throughout the West Ada School District, located in southwestern Idaho. Demographics, receipt of vaccine, influenza vaccination motivation, knowledge and reasons for hesitancy were collected. Surveys were distributed July 2020 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Response differences between those who most recently received their influenza vaccine and those who did not were also compared using chi-square or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 
RESULTS: A total of 503 surveys were completed, with all respondents college educated and teaching throughout the K-12 curriculum. A majority of respondents (n=409;81%) received a yearly influenza vaccination. Reasons for vaccination included: avoidance of flu, reduction of spread, and prevention of complications. Reasons against vaccination included: lack of efficacy, side effects, and numerous “other” responses. When comparing general influenza vaccine knowledge between those who received their influenza vaccine vs. those that did not, those who had been vaccinated displayed responses that more closely coincided with scientific data. 
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of surveyed K-12 teachers/staff received their influenza vaccine during the 2019-2020 season. However, ~20% of teachers/staff are still hesitant due to misinformation regarding vaccinations. Resources and partnerships between health organizations and school districts may increase vaccine acceptance.
Theoretical Study of Improving Radiotherapy at High Energies (2-15) MeV for Lung Cancer using Nanocomposites
Authors: Sarhan Walaa S. , Shiltagh Nagham M.
Published: February 2025

In this research shows how radiation therapy can be improved and developed using different structures of glucose molecules (α‐D glucose) C6H12O6 and C12H24O12 after adsorption on silver nanoparticles-AgNPs surface. This is by enhancing the radiation sensitivity (SER) of cancer cells in the human lung and meanwhile preserving the healthy cells surrounding the tumour itself. The primary role of AgNPs is as radiosensitizers that work to increase the absorbed dose of radiation in the presence of nanocomposites. Using a mathematical model to calculate the number of cancer cells remaining when exposed to radiation doses, where radiation sensitivity of C6H12O6Ag3 and C12H24O12Ag compounds were calculated theoretically. It was found that the C6H12O6Ag3 compound SER increases upon an increase in the absorbed dose of radiation. It equals 15.6 at the maximum energy value of (15MeV). Increasing radiation sensitivity values is accompanied by a decrease in the number of radiotherapy sessions by half. This is considered a noticeable improvement in radiotherapy. However, with the C12H24O12Ag configuration, SER values were found to be 12.9 at the maximum energy value. This value corresponds to a decrease in the number of radiotherapy sessions. Consequently, the C6H12O6Ag3 molecule structure could be the best radiosensitizer in cancer treatment.
Healthy Aging in Place: Technology Utilization Among Older Adults in Khlong Mahasawat, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand
Authors:   Department of Society and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand, Felix Mark Stephan , Kitcharoen Patreeya ,   Department of Society and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand
Published: February 2025

This research sought to explore the social support needs of older adults who age in place and their health-related technology utilization. A qualitative exploratory phenomenological approach framed the research. Twenty-one participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling in collaboration with health and community leaders from a sub-district hospital in Khlong Mahasawat, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Data were collected using one-on-one interviews. All interviews were audio recorded, translated, and transcribed. Data were analyzed via content analysis matrices and interpreted using the phenomenological principles of intersubjectivity, internalization, and externalization. Sources of social support for using health-related technology by older adults who age in place included family members, community members, and health professionals. Data indicated the necessity for the social support of affordable digital devices, educational health-related social support, and customized social support for and by older adults. The heterogeneity of the older adult population who age in place, its increasing health concerns, and literacy levels require personalizing social support measures to promote further use of health-related technology. The limited use of health-related technology may be ameliorated by including stakeholders in creating customized social support programs, including older adults in policymaking regarding health-related technology creation and use, and including older adults in online scam education and prevention.
Multi-Material Conceptual Design of Aircraft Engine Pylon Based on Floating Projection
Authors: Meng Zihao , Yuan Wei , Tang Haibo , Ren Yiru
Published: February 2025

The development of multimaterial topology optimization offers significant advancements in the design of lightweight aerospace structures. A three-field multimaterial topology optimization method with a material selection function under a mass constraint is developed. By integrating a multimaterial linear interpolation model with floating projection techniques, design variables are refined to the expected 0/1 level, ensuring accurate smooth design. The approach demonstrates smooth convergence even when applied to more than three material phases, producing optimized structures with distinct material boundaries and interfaces. A case study of the aircraft engine pylon design is presented, utilizing real material properties, including Poisson’s ratio, to meet lightweight design requirements. The requirement of lightweight design is realized by introducing effective lightweight materials and automatically adjusting the distribution and volume fraction of materials. Additionally, the three-field density representation technique is applied to improve the optimization efficiency and is extended to design considering manufacturing uncertainty. The robust manufacturing multimaterial structure is designed with the potential for manufacturing errors in mind. It can provide valuable guidance for multimaterial lightweight design of aerospace structures.
Combined aorta and kidney injury in a patient with late visceral syphilis
Authors: Krasnoselskikh Tatiana V. , Povaliy Xenia I. , Shved Oleg V. , Bogdanova Anastasiya Yu.
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the incidence of late and unspecified forms of syphilis has increased in Russia, and cases of late manifest neurosyphilis and cardiovascular syphilis have become more common. The article describes a rare, combined injury of internal organs in an HIV-negative 58-year-old male who had untreated syphilis for more than 10 years and had negative results of RPR and IgM-EIA, but positive TPHA (4+) and IgG-EIA (1:160). Late visceral syphilis in this patient was manifested by nephrotic syndrome, edema, and arterial hypertension. By pathomorphological and immunofluorescent examination of the renal tissue biopsy material, secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was diagnosed. Syphilitic nephropathy in the patient was combined with asymptomatic ascending aortic aneurysm with a diameter of up to 58 mm and aortic valve insufficiency. The presence of these injuries was confirmed by echocardiography and computed tomography. The patient has received the preliminary therapy with doxycycline followed by two courses of aqueous penicillin in accordance with Russian clinical guidelines for syphilis treatment. Due to kidney damage, the patient has also received systemic therapy with prednisone and hemodialysis procedures. During treatment, a significant reduction in edema, normalization of blood pressure and improvement in kidney function were noted. Surgical treatment of syphilitic valvulitis and aortic aneurysm is being planned.
Blood cytokines as potential predictors of therapy effectiveness in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis treated with the IL12/IL23 inhibitor ustekinumab
Authors: Karamova Arfenya E. , Vorontsova Anastasiia , Nikonorov Alexandr А. , Nikonorova Evgenia R. , Kubanov Аlexey A.
Published: February 2025

Background: Despite the proven efficacy and safety of biologics in the treatment of psoriasis (Ps), a number of patients experience heterogeneity in response to therapy in both the short-term and long-term perspectives.
Objective: To identify correlations between the blood cytokine levels, clinical severity indices and the effectiveness of the IL12/IL23 inhibitor (ustekinumab) therapy.
Methods: The study enrolled 25 patients with psoriasis. The severity of the disease was assessed using PASI, BSA, sPGA. The clinical efficacy of ustekinumab was determined by the percentage of PASI reduction: high (≥75%) and low efficacy (≤50%). Blood cytokine levels were determined by multiplex immunological analysis (xMAP) technology. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio and the R programming language.
Results: Moderate Ps was diagnosed in 15 patients (60%), severe - in 10 (40%). The baseline levels of IL31, sCD40L and VEGF were respectively 2.3 (p=0.018), 2.3 (p=0.010), and 2 (p=0.033) times higher in severe Ps. By the 16th week, therapy was effective in 92% of patients and was accompanied by a 3.47-fold decrease in IL31 (p=0.002) and an increase in ICAM1 and VEGF by 35.8% (p=0.026) and 4.2 times (p0.001) respectively. A correlation between ∆PASI and IL12, IL17F, IL20, IL22, IL31, sCD40L, VEGF was found. Ustekinumab significantly modified cytokine interactions and neutralized their correlation with ∆PASI.
Conclusion: IL31, sCD40L and VEGF baseline levels correlate with Ps severity, IL17F, IL20 and IL31 - with ∆PASI, demonstrating their potential use in objectively determining Ps severity and predicting the ustekinumab therapy effectiveness.
Complex Pipeline Network Sensitivity Analysis on Mature Facility to Identify Surface Interdependencies on Delivering an Optimum Production of Multi Pattern Flow
Authors: Faiz F. , Yudhaprasetya A. B. , Andryanto F. C. , Dipta R. A. , Prana Y. M.
Published: February 2025

Prior surface provision tie-in activities of new pipeline project connecting four pumping stations A-B-C-D, an engineering study must be performed and consolidated with a sequentially-safe field execution. The main challenge is to deliver production using only one booster pump from pumping station A up to D through in total 54 km multi-segments-size of 16"-12"-14" un pig-able subsea pipeline with a limited operating pressure of 210 PSIG. The unexpected production losses must be predicted and prevented during thses activities. Regarding those field limitations, sensitivity analysis has being used as an approach to identify any variables which are important to mao out the likelihood of multiple scenarios, identify detail surface interdependencies, and develop operational subtasks all of which are needed to be done simultaneously. The analysis has being done using multiphase flow set up under nodal-based iteration to calculate and deliver flow profiles covering whole pipeline section length. In general, there are four different multi pattern flows which are well identified under the study: bubble, transition, slug, and intermittent flow.

This paper describes out study and development of operational subtasks which are needed to be done on the working field in order to prevent production losses during shut down moment of provision tie-in execution. Based on the results, a production of 20k BFPD and 2k BOPD was feasible to be delivered without any side effect of process upset along all pumping stations. Those subtasks were focusing on pressure preservation, intermittent flow management, robust operational enforcement safely, and integrity concern in mature pipeline and topside facilities.

The novelty of this robust sensitivity analysis is in the ability to predict pipeline pressure drop while maintaining the integrity due to MAOP (Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure) limitation. Multiple scenario of safe delivery modes were furthermore precisely identified. This success story can be implemented on future cases along mature offshore facilities.
Key Geomechanical Issues in Efficient Development of Ultra Deep Oil and Gas
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Zhang Hui , Xu Ke , Yuan Fang , Yin Guoqing , Wang Haiying
Published: February 2025

The Tarim Basin is an important area for deep oil and gas exploration and development in China. It undertakes the important mission of supplying gas to the West-East Gas Pipeline Project in a long-term and stable manner. Ultra-deep and super-large clastic rock gas fields have been discovered here, with reserves of 1.6 trillion cubic meters, ranking first in China. Among them, 83% of the reserves are located in the subsalt structural area deeper than 6,000 meters in the Kuqa Depression. The surface landforms and underground structures there are very complex. The gas fields are buried very deep (the deepest is 8,169 meters) and the matrix is very dense (with a porosity of 5.2% and a permeability of 0.07 mD). They have the characteristics of "three highs and two strongs" (the in-situ stress is as high as 220 MPa, the formation pressure is as high as 143 MPa, the temperature is as high as 190 °C, strong compressive deformation, and strong heterogeneity), and it is one of the clastic rock gas reservoirs with the greatest development difficulties in the world at present.

Under such geological backgrounds, the efficient development of ultra-deep gas reservoirs in the Kuqa Depression is faced with four world-class theoretical and technological challenges: a) The coupling mechanism among in-situ stress, fluid and rock mass in ultra-deep and strongly compressed clastic rock gas fields remains unclear, and there is a lack of theoretical basis for efficient development technical countermeasures; b) The effective reservoirs in ultra-deep and strongly heterogeneous gas reservoirs are highly concealed, making it difficult to deploy efficient wells; c) The coexistence of ultra-deep, extremely hard, strongly creeping and narrow pressure windows makes it difficult to conduct efficient drilling; d) The interweaving of blockage, corrosion and abnormal pressure in ultra-deep, high-temperature and ultra-high-pressure gas wells makes it difficult to achieve safe and stable production.

Based on high-temperature and high-pressure rock mechanics experiments and mathematical derivations, this paper constructs calculation models for in-situ stress and reservoir fracture conductivity, wellbore stability in formations with weak planes, and degree of reservoir sand production. It clarifies the feedback mechanism between fluid migration and rock mass deformation and instability. Combined with multi-source information from well seismic geophysics, a multi-scale geomechanical model of gas reservoir-surrounding well-wellbore is established, realizing accurate characterization of the interactions such as deformation, fracture, slip, and flow of geological bodies under the background of ultra-deep and strong compression. This provides a scientific basis for formulating efficient development technical countermeasures.
An Innovative Breakthrough in Gas Lift Optimization Analysis That Improves Upon the Current Best Practices Established in The Industry – An Effort to Know Your Well Better from The Surface in One Glance
Authors: Segaran T. Chandra , Trajangganung K. , Kamaruddin I. I. , Ahnap M. S.
Published: February 2025

Malaysia's offshore fields, with over 2000 strings, primarily yield oil and gas, where 77% are oil producers. Currently, 58% employ gas lift systems. Despite this, only 25% of wells are active, with 23% idle and 38 due to lift system issues. Multi-pointing, gas shortages, and operational constraints contribute to the increasing number of idle wells. This paper aims to fill a gap in gas lift optimization analysis by tracking historical gas lift valve status and monetizing the low-hanging opportunities by simply analyzing the readily available data at hand. A continuous effort to improve the gas lift optimization process will fill the gap and seize the opportunity to monetize gains at low cost. Involvement from all departments is anticipated to ensure victory with minimal operational hassles. Starting from data acquisition, integrated analysis, model validation, and evaluation, along with data management, serves the fruitfulness of teamwork. A refined gas lift valve changeout database was established before model validation by utilizing FGS and SGS survey data. The validated model is then used for in-depth lifting analysis to identify historical valve status, maximum allowable injection rate, and corrected total gas rate before further analysis for intervention and execution without invention. The case study involves over 200 oil-producing strings that are gas-lifted, with 10% of them identified as having lifting issues such as multi-pointing, gas robbing, and over-injection. Moving forward, during the candidate maturation process, the wells were matched with FGS data to define the gas lift valve status and injection point. However, to ensure the right amount of gas is injected at the correct depth in each well for maximum oil production, the gas lift valve status throughout the production period is evaluated with the help of diagnostic tools. Once the valve status has been finalized, the gas lift injection rate at the injection point is determined before proposing gas lift optimization operation execution. Unexpectedly, this effort managed to monetize the brownfield's remaining reserves by increasing production by up to 25%. This amazing breakthrough, which fills the gap in the gas lift optimization analysis, will maximize the well potential by evaluating the existing gas lift system to up to date understand the performance and allow rigorous analysis to identify opportunities on gas lift optimization and/or redesign gas lift valves.
Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoir Stimulation Technology In Shenfu Block
Authors: Yang F. , Li B. , Hao Z.
Published: February 2025

With the continuous deepening of exploration and development, the availability of medium and shallow coalbed methane sources for scale benefit development is decreasing, and the coalbed methane exploration field in China has gradually changed from shallow to deep. Deep coal seam is an important area for China's future exploration and development, as well as an important site for carbon dioxide storage. Deep coalbed methane is one of the important guarantees for China to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. However, as an unconventional oil and gas resource, deep coalbed methane requires reservoir stimulation to achieve efficient development.

This study addresses the challenges of deep CBM development in the Shenfu Block on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, China. Due to the characteristics of deep burial, high structural stress, and poor physical properties of deep coal seams, the traditional reservoir reconstruction methods are facing limitations. Based on the mature experience and technology of shale gas development, this paper proposes a reservoir stimulation technology for deep coal seams, which can help solve these challenges. This technology has been successfully applied to the efficient development of deep coalbed methane in Shenfu Block, which provides a reference for the development of deep coalbed methane resources in other basins at present.
Enhance Safety in Well Operations by Advanced Technology Aimed to Monitor Red Zones on Rig Site with Artificial Intelligence Applications
Authors: Magni G. , Tita G. E. , Leonardo F. , Cannarile F. , Sala G. , Toso M. Dal , Boccitto L. , Capurso P.
Published: February 2025

Oil& gas rigs are complex and hazardous environments, where operators are exposed to numerous risks. Despite the continuous effort to put in place solutions that remove risks from the rig floor through the automation process, workers are still required to enter into hazardous areas (Red Zones) to perform specific tasks.

This paper has the purpose to describe technologies aimed to detect operators’ risk behavior (e.g., unauthorized accesses to Red Zone) and convey timely alarms to prevent incidents. To identify and test the most suitable technologies considering the diverse operational contexts, it was decided to adopt a comprehensive approach exploring multiple options, with the aim to maximize the chances of finding the optimal solutions.

A thorough screening process was conducted encompassing an array of proposals, categorized into real-time position monitoring through wearable devices coupled with on-site geofencing and visual detection system based on with Artificial Intelligence (AI) for monitoring and controlling virtual safety perimeters around red zones.

The selected technologies were subjected to rigorous proof of concepts to assess their feasibility, functionality and compatibility within the considered operational frameworks.

Different market solutions were assessed, with preference given to vendors offering mature and proven systems that integrate smart cameras and wearables combining the benefits of both technologies.

Parallel initiatives were undertaken to determine the most effective technical solutions tailored to specific drilling rig environments, such as land rigs, offshore jack-up drilling units and drilling ships.

The implementation of the red zone monitoring system on the rig has a direct impact on the behavior of the operators, evidenced by a decreasing trend of unauthorized accesses in the rig floor red zones, with consequent reduction of workers’ exposure to risk. Furthermore, the data collected will enable the identification of behavioral patterns within the red zones, facilitating the design of effective interventions to enhance well operational safety. These results are used to define a comprehensive set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), establishing benchmarks for risk exposure of workers within the red zones at the drilling sites.

The successful implementation of these initiatives underscores the commitment to safety within drilling operations with tangible improvements.

This paper not only contributes to enrich the current literature, but also lays a robust foundation for future in-depth analyses and possible implementations to well operational procedures and design. This is the initial step to further mitigate personnel risk exposure during well operation activities.
The Emergence of the Subsea BOP Digital Twin Using Process Safety Management & Big Data
Authors: Siegmund Mark , Meziou Amine , Meraz Jose
Published: February 2025

The process safety approach to manage Subsea Blow Out Preventer (BOP) performance risks over a 5 year period has seen the successful emergence and application of cloud based Real Time Monitoring (RTM) underpinned by advanced Fault Tree Engineering and Digital Analytics. The performance data collected was used to prove physics-based models to estimate component residual life and to uncover incipient signals that can indicate the onset of failure whereas historically such failures remain hidden until suddenly failing catastrophically. Key functions to Annular Rams, Pipe Rams, and valves were modelled to determine overall integrity and even to predict near-term component failures.

All BOP Pressure and Function testing was digitally performed and measurably compared with previous results to determine areas for early degradation, but there remained gaps in BOP data collected between well programs on maintenance and testing activities; especially for the spare BOP if the rig had 2 BOP's.

A pilot exercise with an edge-based kiosk was deployed to the rig to allow the BOP Subsea team to integrate the touch screen device into their post maintenance tests on the BOP(s) and to digitally confirm the spare BOP's functional integrity. The summary of all digital data was incorporated in Condition-based Maintenance (CBM) reports and maintenance management programs, completing the realization of a Digital Twin for the Subsea BOP(s).

As the work progressed it became evident that the real time advanced digital analytics and dynamic modeling would also help to overcome human factors risks identified during initial process safety management assessments. The third-party RTM oversight facility was able to immediately discover procedural errors during tests and operations that historically weren't noticed, measurable, or accessible to the BOP team. The human factors risk improved even more with the onboard digital kiosk as the subsea BOP team could now perform digital testing using the same built-in logic and automation to confirm test processes and deliver test results without the historical human errors that can occur when crews are under time stress or performing under the burden of many simultaneous activities.
Beyond RTM: Rapid High-Frequency Wave Imaging Gathers Output up to Nyquist Frequency to Improve Imaging and Resolution of Complex Geology. A Case Study of Examples from OBC & Marine Datasets
Authors: Gubbala Elia , Deo Jagat , Kent Chris , Hvid Jens Martin
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the findings in implementation of one- way wave equation in slowness domain outputting the gathers up to Nyquist frequency, which ultimately can be used to generate high resolution seismic sections and gathers can be used for AVO studies. The implications of the methodology have been presented with various example datasets like marine, OBC and land 3D seismic in this paper.
Development of a Robust Bi-Objective Optimization Procedure for Production Optimization of Fractured Reservoirs using EDFM and StoSAG Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Wenxin , Xu Jianchun , Liu Junrong , Sun Wenyue
Published: February 2025

Naturally fractured reservoirs present large development risks due to the uncertainty nature of complex subsurface fracture distributions and heterogeneous petrophysical properties. therefore, it is important to consider geological uncertainties when performing field development optimization for fractured reservoirs. The objective of this study is to propose a robust optimization method capable of considering multiple fractured model realizations while performing bi-objective optimizations focused on maximizing field Net Present Value (NPV) and minimizing specific risk metrics. In this study, the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) was used to perform forward simulations for fracture reservoirs, and the stochastic simplex approximate gradient (StoSAG) algorithm was adopted as the optimizer. With respect to the optimization target, we considered both the mean NPV of multiple realizations and a specified risk metric of NPV from the worst-case scenario, the standard deviation, or conditional value at risk (CvaR). The Lexicographic method was employed to handle the bi-objective optimization. This method was applied to the EGG base model, which is commonly used in the field of reservoir development optimization. Fractures with different distribution patterns were embedded in the model to represent fractured reservoirs, and 10 permeability fields were used to consider permeability distribution uncertainties. The optimization results for the three selected risk metrics showed that the range of decreasing in the mean NPV was from 0.04% to 0.31 %, with the worst scenario final NPV increasing by $1.26×106, the standard deviation of the set decreasing by $2.84×106, and the CVaR at 20% increasing by $3.33×105. Although the range of change in each metric for this case was not significant compared to their original magnitudes, the changes in each optimization curve showed a positive improvement trend. This study introduced a bi-objective robust production optimization algorithm, based on the StoSAG and Lexicographic methods, designed to address production optimization of complex fractured reservoirs considering geological uncertainties. Three different risk metrics were investigated to minimize development risk while optimizing the expected field NPV, which can be critical to minimize field development risks when performing production optimization tasks.
A Multi-Scale Cross-Correlation Based Method Enables Automatic Well Log Depth Matching
Authors: Liang Lin , Shan Tao , Li Ji , Lei Ting
Published: February 2025

Depth matching is a critical element in integrated well log interpretation. However, it remains a challenge for the industry that depth alignment must be done manually or semi-manually. With increased interest in data science leveraging logs from hundreds of wells, there is a strong desire for automating the depth matching process for the benefit of efficiency and avoiding human bias. We developed a solution to automate log depth matching based on a multi-scale cross-correlation method.

The solution adopts a philosophy of matching outstanding features while linearly adjusting other depths, akin to human logic in manual depth shift. It utilizes log-squaring and perceptually important point algorithms to identify outstanding features from the noisy well log. To achieve robust and automatic depth matching, a multi-scale cross-correlation based optimization process is adopted to align the identified outstanding features. A fast pre-shift step eliminates the need for large search windows during the optimization process, which is crucial for efficiency and full automation. This approach accommodates pairs of well logs that have reasonable correlation, either positive or negative.

The developed solution was first applied to match depth in gamma-ray (GR) logs. Gamma-ray logs are widely accepted by the industry for depth synchronization between different logging passes as an indicator of lithological changes. The basic process is to build a depth mapping table from a reference gamma-ray log and a target gamma-ray log, which are acquired from two separate logging passes, using the developed solution. Then, apply the obtained depth mapping table to other well logs in the same logging pass to synchronize all logs and make them ready for the downstream processing. Excellent results have been demonstrated through field gamma-ray logs, for both wireline to wireline and wireline to logging-while-drilling applications. The solution was then applied to match depths for other well log types, including density to sonic slowness, and slowness logs from different sonic modal processing, all demonstrating excellent performance. Benchmarking against previous commercial solutions shows significant improvement without the need for human intervention, proving a fully automated solution for well log depth matching.

To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first algorithmic solutions in open literature aiming to automate well log depth matching based on non-machine learning methods. This solution combines a two-step shifting strategy, multi-scale cross-correlation optimization, and a feature selection algorithm to form a unique, fully automated solution that addresses the well log depth matching problem, which has been a long-standing challenge in the industry.
Innovative of Foam-Assisted Gas Lift Technology for Resuscitation of High-Salinity and High-GOR Oil Wells
Authors: Tyagi Himanshu
Published: February 2025

Objectives/Scope

Liquid loading is a common problem in mature gas fields; furthermore, it has ability to cease the deliverability of oil wells and has significantly affected ultimate recovery from existing oil fields. This paper outlines a strategy for the successful implementation of a distinctive approach: foam-assisted gas lift technology to resuscitate high-salinity and high-GOR oil wells with noteworthy production uplift in one of the largest offshore oil fields located in middle eastern basin.

Methods, Procedures, Process

This rig-less technique incorporates introduction of solid and liquid foaming agents in conjunction with gas lift which not only overcome the limitation of gas lift systems, but also transformed well performance. Formulation of well selection criteria, individual well sampling and assessment, proper data gathering, data analysis, application methodology and custom-made design of de-liquification program have made it possible to re-activate decades-old wells to enhance production from depleted reservoirs with liquid loading problems.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

A pilot project on five wells of a major operator in the middle east exhibited a significant improvement in well performance with an incremental gain of 3000+ bopd along with savings of 10 mmscfd of injection gas from an oil reservoir which had ceased to flow due to high water cut or unavailability of enough reservoir support. Application of this technology has broken the barrier in evaluation of these wells and provides an effective means of reviving the oil wells with liquid loading issues beyond the capability of standard de-liquification methods. It is a cost-effective technology to unravel the untapped reserves from existing wells.

Novel/Additive Information

This paper considers multiple scenarios that help revive and elevate a potential hydrocarbon source and recommends suitable actions which allow production engineers to analyze performance of reviving oil wells. The paper will also discuss the role of this technology in the overall production enhancement workflow.

With the increased complexity of mature fields, each next step to improve recovery comes with increased cost. Therefore, novel horizons of affordable technology will play a pivotal role to maximize economic recovery and meet rising demand in the current business environment.
Managing Severe Losses and Extreme Flowbacks in Deepwater Exploration Drilling: Insights From A Gulf Of Mexico Wildcat Well Utilizing Riser Mud Cap
Authors: Rahman I. I. Abd , Sofian A. Mohamad , Makri M. Mohd , Amin R. Mohd , Ramli A.
Published: February 2025

Deepwater exploration drilling is consistently regarded as a high-profile operation fraught with a wide array of risks, with one of the primary concerns being the management of narrow margins. The inevitability of losses in drilling narrow margin prospects underscores the necessity for floaters equipped with integrated Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) systems to navigate through such challenging environments. When a drilling plan allows for a comfortable margin, rig selection may prioritize cost efficiency over the inclusion of MPD equipment. However, unforeseen severe losses necessitate a proactive and creative approach to mitigate operational challenges.

This paper presents the insights gained from drilling a wildcat exploration deepwater well in the Gulf of Mexico, where total losses were encountered in the shallow clastics section, compounded by multiple extreme flowback events and in the absence of an MPD system on the rig. The timely identification of formation flowback or well ballooning is crucial for effective mitigation strategies. This paper outlines a step-by-step operational procedure derived from this experience for future reference. Given the imperative need for data acquisition in this critical section, conventional methods such as setting thixotropic cement plugs were deemed unfeasible, prompting the development of innovative drilling techniques.

In response, the operator adopted a proactive approach by implementing riser mud cap drilling to complete the remaining section. This paper elucidates the methodology and approach employed to determine the viability of mud cap drilling in assisting with section completion. Furthermore, the paper delves into the integrated logistical plan devised to procure the requisite mud volume necessary for section completion.

In addition to the utilization of riser mud cap drilling, the operator prepared an ad-hoc additional casing string to curtail the escalating losses. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the engineering considerations and fast track decision-making processes that informed the implementation of this additional casing string.

Through a detailed analysis of the challenges encountered and the strategies employed to address them, this paper offers valuable insights and best practices for navigating similar deepwater drilling scenarios. By sharing these experiences and lessons learned, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on effective risk management and operational excellence in deepwater exploration drilling endeavors.
Lessons Learned and Best Practices from High-Rate HPHT Well Testing Campaign, Lang Lebah Field, Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Chia B. S. , Hemaprasertsuk J. , Hamdan M. K. , Bandyopadhyay P. , Phasook C. , Shumakov Y. A. , Kumar P. , Arsat M. , Theuveny B.
Published: February 2025

Well-testing for reservoir characterization and production assessment has always been critical, especially in offshore high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) environments. A limitation of the technology available for HPHT environments in conjunction with strict safety and environmental constraints elevates the operational challenges over the conventional well-test operations.

Three HPHT exploration and appraisal DST well tests were successfully performed in high H2S and CO2 environments offshore Malaysia. A unique approach was adopted that was based on the combination of new-generation acoustically controlled DST tools designed for the HPHT environment with the innovative application of standard equipment and proven well-testing techniques. This approach minimized the mobilization time and enabled performing well-test operations safely and efficiently while acquiring critical high-quality data within the operational constraints associated with the temperature limits of the blowout preventers (BOPs).

The application of new-generation DST tools, enhancements in the well-test design, and the appropriate equipment selection enabled us to successfully perform three high-rate gas well tests on the Lang Lebah high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) field. This paper provides practical recommendations and presents several examples highlighting the results and lessons learned from successfully performed high-rate well-test operations.

Analysis of the operations indicated the main factors contributing to the success of the three well-test operations were the following:

Well-test design using transient multiphase wellbore simulator verified that well-test operations would be performed within the temperature limits of downhole equipment, BOP, and surface equipment Application of new generation acoustic telemetry system for surface readout of bottom hole data and to control the DST tools Custom-built surface well-test package, including the application of remotely controlled adjustable choke to enhance the safety of operations and increase efficiency Application of standalone safety ball valves to safely isolate the formation and reduce fluid losses Real-time collaborative environment during the well-test execution phase with full real-time data integration, superior data visualization, and data processing capabilities, which enabled real-time quick-look well-test interpretation and well-test optimization with a reduction of rig time and CO2 emissions

The unique combination of technologies and the practical workflow for test design led to the success of three high gas flow rate DST well tests in complex HPHT offshore environments in Malaysia. The results and lessons learned from these operations and other operations performed around the globe in similar conditions can be applied to the wider industry.