bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Strategy of Rural Bank in the Face of the Industrial Era 4.0
Authors:   The STIAMI Institute of Social Science and Management, Jakarta Indonesia, Sofyan Mohammad
Published: January 2021

The rural bank is increasingly pressured by the presence of commercial banks, foreign banks of non-bank financial institutions that place massive financing in the microcredit sector and application-based financial transactions that facilitate and pamper consumers/customers. Government policies are needed to support and protect the existence of rural banks by equalization of their status in the equivalent of commercial banks in order to be more maximal in their intermediation functions, especially in the field of microcredit. The strategy that must be done by rural bank in facing the industrial era 4.0, is: implement a reliable Core Banking System (CBS). Cooperating with other rural bank and cooperating with fintech online credit distributors who are officially registered with the OJK are strengthened by regulations that support rural bank cooperation with fintech. Innovate in digital banking services by collaborating atm networks with commercial banks as well as collaboration to issue electronic money. Service innovation must be parallel with the improvement of management and internal in terms of integrity and attitude.
The Dynamics of Inflation Rates in a Consumer Driven Economy
Authors:   Survey Management Division, Central Bank of Nigeria, Umar Musa
Published: January 2021

The research was motivated by the conviction that inflation entails sizeable economic and social cost, and that for achieving a sustainable economic growth, management of inflation is a prerequisites. Co-integration and autoregressive error correction model approach was used to investigate the effect of money supply, fiscal deficits and export on the relative effectiveness of fiscal policy in Nigerian consumer driven economy. The study reveals there is a significant causal relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and the variables considered in the research. The Granger causality outcomes demonstrate that t here is no causality between money supply and inflation in Nigeria within the study period, meaning that there are different economic conditions that are key determinant of inflation in Nigeria. We conclude that fiscal policies have a significant influence on the output growth of the economy, and recommend that the Central Bank of Nigeria should guarantee an exchange rate stability and sound monetary surveillance, look inward for ways to regulate the interest rates that will encourage private and foreign investors to transform our consumer driven economy.
ШАУҒАН ОЙЫНЫ - ЖАЙЛЫ НЕ БІЛЕСІЗ?
Authors: Ауелбекова Ш. E.
Published: January 2021

Мақалада «Поло» ат спорты ойынының прототипі саналатын шауған ойының тарихи дамуына қатысты деректер келтіріледі. «Шауған» ойынының түркі халықтары мәдениетіндегі маңызды рөлі болғандығы ортақ тарихи, әдеби, жазба деректердегі мәліметтер арқылы дәлелденеді. «Шауған», «чөген», «чевган» атауларының тарихи жазба, әдеби мәтіндердегі қолданысына қатысты деректер келтіріледі. Мақалада түркілердің көне дәуірден бері қаһармандық дәстүр мұрасы саналатын «Шауғанның» батыста «Поло» атауымен танымал ат спорты ойынының тарихи прототипі екендігін түркі халықтарына ортақ маңызды бастау деректерді келтіру арқылы дәлелдеп, бүгінгі күнімізде де жандандырылуы керектігі пікірі ортаға қойылады.
Faktor Sosialisasi dalam Mempengaruhi Tingkah Laku Individu
Authors: Kirman Norsahida Sakira , Hassan Mohammad Mujaheed , Anwar Farah Husna , Mohd Khir Azlina , Wan Jaafar Wan Munira
Published: January 2021

Tingkah laku merupakan suatu tindak balas serta perbuatan seseorang individu sama ada melalui percakapan verbal mahupun fizikal non verbal atas input yang diperoleh daripada interaksi untuk menterjemahkan maklumat diterima kepada perbuatan serta tindakan. Tingkah laku juga dipengaruhi oleh emosi seseorang individu untuk bertindak balas atau bertingkah laku ketika berinteraksi dalam konteks sosial masyarakat. Walau bagaimanapun, gejala sosial semakin mendapat tamparan yang hebat dari golongan remaja. Tingkah Laku seseorang remaja sekolah yang melanggar norma adalah merupakan tingkah laku delinkuen. Kes salah laku ini menyebabkan kesan negatif terhadap kesejahteraan dan ketenteraman dalam hidup bermasyarakat. Tambahan lagi, terdapat kes-kes sosial keruntuhan akhlak kini tersebar luas di ruang akhbar terhadap perilaku seks bebas seperti rogol dan hamil luar nikah. Beberapa faktor sosialisasi dapat dikenal pasti dalam mempengaruhi remaja dan kebanyakan mereka ini adalah masih bersekolah. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor, perkaitan dan perbezaan sosialisasi dalam mempengaruhi tingkah laku individu. Seramai 120 orang pelajar iaitu 70 orang pelajar lelaki dari Sekolah Tunas Bakti Sg. Besi dan 50 orang pelajar perempuan dari Asrama Bahagia Kg. Pandan. Kedua-dua sekolah merupakan sekolah yang melibatkan pelajar terbabit dalam kes juvana dan berada di bawah pengawasan Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM). Reka bentuk kajian yang dijalankan ialah berbentuk deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui borang soal selidik yang terbahagi kepada tiga bahagian iaitu A) Latar Belakang Pelajar, B) Lima Faktor Sosialisasi dan C)Tingkah Laku Agresif. Data diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) untuk menilai peratus, kekerapan, korelasi, T-test dan Anova. Hasil menemukan pelajar lelaki lebih cenderung dipengaruhi oleh faktor media massa manakala pelajar perempuan lebih cenderung dipengaruhi dengan rakan sebaya. Hasil kajian mendapati tingkah laku individu dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor utama iaitu media masa, rakan sebaya dan diri sendiri. Tiada perbezaan antara jantina lelaki dan perempuan untuk faktor sosialisasi yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku agresif. Oleh itu, beberapa cadangan telah dirangka dalam pengawalan dengan mewujudkan akta, fungsi institusi kekeluargaan dan juga institusi pendidikan seperti sekolah.
Sanitary Status and Occurrence of Some Water-Borne Pathogens in Well and Surface Waters of Panhauya Community and Ahmadu Bello University Farm, Zaria
Authors: Afegbua, S. L.  , Abdulmumin, M.A.  , Tsoho, A.A.  , Fatihu, U.  , Idris, I.
Published: January 2021

The Sustainable Development Goal on sanitation aims to achieve universal access to good health, affordable drinking water, sanitation and an end to open defeacation by 2030. The recent ranking of Nigeria as first globally for open defecation is of public and environmental health concern. This study assessed the sanitary condition and the microbiological quality of well and surface waters of Panhauya community and Ahmadu Bello University farm, Zaria, and the antibiogram of the bacterial isolates.. Based on the WHO criteria, the sanitary inspection showed that 16.7%, 54.2%, 25% and 4.2% of the water sampling points had a very high, high, intermediate and low risk of contamination respectively. Occurrence of Escherichia coli, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp and Vibrio cholerae in water samples from Panhuaya community was 87.5%, 75%, 68.8%, 50%, 25% and 12.5% respectively. In ABU farm Shika, the occurrence was; E. coli (75%), E. histolytica (63%), lamblia and Salmonella spp. All E. coli isolates exhibited high multidrug resistance to antibiotics screened with a MAR index of 0.3-0.8. The drinking water sources in Panhuaya and ABU farm were unsafe and the presence of these pathogens in the water samples may be attributed to a number of factors including poor sanitation, manure application and open defecation practice. This indicates a public health risk to the residents and emphasises the need for safe water supplies sanitation and antibiotic stewardship.
Active power filter for reactive power compensation for the powerful sounding pulses shapers
Authors: Levon Olena , Domnin Igor
Published: January 2021

The expediency of using a power active filter in the mode of reactive power compensation of the supply network for the powerful sounding pulses shaper power supply system of the Institute of ionosphere NAS and MES of Ukraine is shown. An analysis of the literature has been carried out, which shows the effectiveness of solving the problem of reactive power compensation, filtering higher harmonics of the power supply network using active filtering of higher harmonics of current or voltage using an additional energy source to obtain a compensating signal in the form of current or voltage. The choice of the power circuit for constructing a power active filter has been made. A voltage inverter on IGBT transistors is used as a power active filter. The basic principles of operation of the power active filter control system are described, which are based on the p-q theory of power and provide for the calculation of instantaneous values ​​of the task currents for each phase of a three-phase power supply system. The work of the Matlab-model of the power supply system of the shaper is shown, the oscillograms of the main energy characteristics of the shaper are given. As a result of using a power active filter, the current of the supply network becomes close to sinusoidal, and the power factor tends to 1. A positive effect on the efficiency of the shaper when the power active filter is included in the supply network is noted, which is due to the efficiency of compensation of the reactive power consumed by the shaper from the supply network. The simulation results are presented, in particular, graphs of reactive power change at the point of connecting the power active filter to the supply network, at different levels of reactive power consumption by the shaper. The results obtained confirmed the possibility of using a power active filter in the mode of reactive power compensation of the supply network when solving the problems of improving the electromagnetic compatibility of powerful sounding pulses shapers with the supply network, reducing losses and increasing the reliability of the shapers.
Keywords: active power filter, reactive power control, control systems
Simultaneous ionosonde investigations of the ionospheric F2 layer critical frequency and peak height at both ends of the geomagnetic tube
Authors: Panasenko Sergii , Kotov Dmytro , Zhivolup Taras , Koloskov Olexander , Lisachenko Volodymyr
Published: January 2021

Based on the results of simultaneous ionosonde observations during low solar and weak magnetic activities, a coupling was found between diurnal and quasi-periodic variations in ionospheric parameters over magnetically conjugated regions, where the Ukrainian Antarctic Station (UAS) and Millstone Hill Observatory are located. A significant impact of the summer hemisphere on the nighttime variations of the F2 layer critical frequency foF2 in the magnetically conjugated region in the winter hemisphere was found. The most characteristic manifestation of this impact is the control of foF2 variations over the UAS not by the local sunset (sunrise), but by the sunset (sunrise) over Millstone Hill. It was found that the sunset over Millstone Hill leads to an increase in foF2 over the UAS, while the sunrise leads to a decrease in foF2 with a subsequent sharp increase. Both phenomena are associated with changes in the photoelectron flux from the northern hemisphere, corresponding changes in the electron temperature in the ionosphere above the UAS and the effect of these changes on the compression or rarefaction of the ionospheric plasma and changes in the plasmaspheric fluxes of H + ions. It was shown that the transition from nighttime to daytime conditions over both observation points was characterized by a significant decrease in the F2 layer peak height, and the difference in the values of this ionospheric parameter over Millstone Hill and UAS at night is due to seasonal differences in the thermospheric circulation and the difference in the behavior of the ionospheric parameters in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Manifestations of atmospheric gravity waves, caused by the passage of local sunrise terminators, as traveling ionospheric disturbances with periods of about 90 and 75 – 120 mins over Millstone Hill and UAS, respectively, were found. These waves were most likely generated in the region located between the ionospheric F1 and F2 layers, where the sharp gradients in the electron and ion densities occur during changes in the intensity of solar radiation. It is confirmed that wave disturbances in atmospheric and ionospheric parameters can be transferred between magnetically conjugated regions by slow magnetohydrodynamic waves generated both at the heights of the ionospheric dynamo region due to the modulation of atmospheric and ionospheric parameters by atmospheric waves and the occurrence of external currents, and at the top of the plasmaspheric tube, where sharp plasma compression and heating or rarefaction and cooling occur during the passage of the solar terminator.
Keywords: the ionosphere, F2 region, ionosonde measurements, geomagnetic field tube, magnetoconjugate region coupling, atmospheric gravity waves, traveling ionospheric disturbances, generation of slow magnetohydrodynamic waves
REMOVAL OF ELECTRODE MOTION ARTIFACT IN ECG SIGNALS USING WAVELET BASED THRESHOLD METHODS WITH GREY INCIDENCE DEGREE
Authors: REDDY G. UMAMAHESWARA , MURALIDHAR M.
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most frequent and dangerous problems in modern society in nowadays. Unfortunately electrocardiograms (ECG) signals, during their acquisition process, are affected by various types of noise and artifacts due to the movement, or breathing of the patient, electrode contact, power-line interferences, etc. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm to remove electrode motion artifact in ECG signals. Donoho and Johnstone proposed Wavelet thresholding de-noising method based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is suitable for non-stationary signals. The wavelet transform coefficient is processed by using grey relation analysis of the grey theory, and a new wavelet threshold method namely wavelet threshold method with grey incidence degree (GID) (or the GID threshold method) based is introduced. It shows that the signal smoothness and similarity of the two signal criteria have been greatly improved by the GID threshold method compared with existing threshold methods. According to the characteristics of different ECG signals, GID threshold method gets better results than it can adaptively deal with noise separation and details remaining of the two opposing signal problems, so as to provide a better choice for wavelet threshold methods of signal processing. Performance analysis was performed by evaluating Mean Square Error (MSE), Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and visual inspection over the denoised signal from each algorithm. The experimental result shows that GID hard shrinkage method with sub-band or level dependent thresholding gives the best denoising performance on ECG signal. The result shows that soft threshold not always gives better denoising performance; it depends on which wavelet thresholding algorithm was chosen.
SPECTRUM SENSING USING CYCLIC PREFIX IN COGNITIVE RADIO WIRELESS SYSTEM
Authors: NAGAMANI T. , SUDHAKAR M.V. , ADINARAYANA E.
Published: January 2021

The rapid growth of wireless communications has made the problem of spectrum utilization ever more critical. The increasing diversity (voice, short message, Web & multimedia) and demand of high quality-of-service (QoS) applications have resulted in overcrowding of the allocated (officially sanctioned) spectrum bands, leading to significantly reduced levels of user satisfaction. The concepts of GLRT algorithm and substantial improvement over the U-GLRT algorithm are explained. This paper presents a model which uses efficient CP method for CR in Wireless Systems. Primary signal has been detected in the OFDM transmission with both the CPCC and MP–based C-GLRT algorithms greatly outperform energy detection in multi path environment has been implemented using software design. The signal model in our analysis is to efficiently exploit the correlation among the transmitted signals due to the presence of CP. Proposed method of cognitive radio takes two steps of implementation .first named as MP based is to detect the noise and de-noise the signal and the second is cp based in which the signals are identified based on the cyclic prefix.
Review of Some Transaction Models used in Mobile Databases
Authors: Panda Prasanta Kumar , Swain Sujata , Pattnaik P. K.
Published: January 2021

Mobile computing is presently experiencing a period of unprecedented growth with the convergence of communication and computing capabilities of mobile phones and personal digital assistant. However, mobile computing presents many inherent problems that lead to poor network connectivity. To overcome poor connectivity and reduce cost, mobile clients are forced to operate in disconnected and partially connected modes.􀀃 One of the main goals of mobile data access is to reach the ubiquity inherent to the mobile systems: to access information regardless of time and place. Due to mobile systems restrictions such as, for instance, limited memory and narrow bandwidth, it is only natural that researchers expend efforts to soothe such issues. This work approaches the issues regarding the cache management in mobile databases, with emphasis in techniques to reduce cache faults while the mobile device is either connected, or with a narrow bandwidth, or disconnected at all. Thus, it is expected improve data availability while a disconnection. Here in the paper, we try to describe various mobile transaction models, focusing on versatile data sharing mechanisms in volatile mobile environments.
Authentication and Centralized Control of Electrical Devices Using Zigbee Protocol
Authors: B. Abhishek. M. , A Sreenivasan. , Kummara Sairam
Published: January 2021

In buildings, lighting accounts for more total energy cost, reducing this energy consumption is a major goal of this project. Energy reduction comes from turning off lights when they are not needed, optimizing light levels to suit worker needs. Through the use of modern enterprise-class wireless networking technology, the difficulty of control wiring is eliminated. In this project, the analysis, design and implementation of an intelligent office room whose two main components are realized using two emergent wireless technologies, namely, wireless sensor networks (ZigBee) and Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. The combination of these two technologies produces a powerful and versatile solution that can offer automated access control to an office room as well as the monitoring of entry or exit of an employee and also to perform automated job as described in the profile.
INTEGRATING BIOMASS WITH SOLAR STIRLING SYSTEM FOR POWER GENERATION
Authors: Ambreesh C.C. , Aravindan V.C.
Published: January 2021

To cope with the increasing needs of the energy market in current scenario and protect the environment from getting depleted, there is a necessity for a power production technology to be more efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly. Hybrid systems may provide the solution to these limitations, by maximizing the energy potential of resources, increasing the process efficiency, providing greater security of supply and reducing overall costs. This paper is a proposal to hybridize Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) stirling power plant with biomass.
Efficacy of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Antagonists in the Treatment of Acute Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Canlas Kristina M. , Macalintal-Canlas Regina A. , Sakai Fumihiko
Published: January 2021

Objective. This study determined the efficacy of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists in the treatment of acute migraine.

Methods. Seven randomized, controlled trials were included. Outcome measures used were pain freedom and pain relief two hours after treatment.

Results. The difference in pain freedom 2 hours post-dose significantly favored gepants 140/150 mg (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.93-2.96, P<0.00001) and 280/300 mg (OR=2.94, 95% CI=2.44-3.35, P<0.00001) over placebo, while the difference in pain freedom 2 hours post- dose did not significantly favor triptans over gepants 140/150 mg and vice versa (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.32-1.21, P=0.16) and over gepants 280/300 mg (OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.64-1.15, P=0.34). The difference in pain relief 2 hours post-dose significantly favored gepants 140/150 mg (OR=2.49, 95% CI=2.13-2.91, P<0.00001) and 280/300 mg (OR=2.78, 95% CI=2.41-3.21, P<0.00001) over placebo. The difference in pain relief 2 hours post-dose significantly favored triptans over gepants 140/150 mg (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.56-0.96, P=0.03), but not over gepants 280/300 mg and vice versa (OR=0.98, 95% CI=0.76-1.27, P=0.89).

Conclusion. With regard to pain freedom and pain relief two hours post-dose, CGRP antagonists are more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of acute migraine but there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate superior efficacy of CGRP antagonists over triptans.
Disability Weight Determination for Road Traffic Injuries in the Philippines: Metro Manila Scenario
Authors: Juban Noel R. , Lam Hilton Y. , Caro Ruzanne M. , Concepcion Jorge M. , Dela Rosa Tammy L. , Berberabe A’Ericson , Dumlao Karen June P.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To determine the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) weights of road traffic injuries and use the DALY weights in determining the total DALYs lost in Metro Manila using available data.

Methods. Consensus on DALY weights for each of the 31 International Classification of Diseases (ICD)10 codes related to road traffic injuries was done using Delphi Process. Experts from different fields were invited to participate in 2 rounds of discussion-and-scoring were done to obtain consensus were obtained for each DALY weight. Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC) data on the counts of the 31 ICD 10 coded claims for the years 2011, 2012, and 2013 were obtained and used to calculate the total DALY lost due to vehicular injuries for Metro-Manila.

Results. Road traffic related injuries affected mostly young people (mean 34 yo + 15) and affected mostly men (81%). There were a total of 3,199 injuries seen in 2,573 patients. 98.1% of the patients had a < 1 year type of injury with an average disability weight of 0.34154 and a total DALYs lost of 300.4. 0.5% of the patients had a ≥ 1 year type of injury with an average disability weight of 0.2726 and a total DALYs lost of 218.08.1.4% of the patients most likely died from their injuries earning a total DALYs lost of 1,440.The sum of DALYs lost is equivalent to a total of 1,958.12.

Conclusion. The Metro Manila loses roughly Php 76.6 Million per year due to road traffic injuries and accidents. These events are highly preventable. Without proper interventions, road traffic injuries may lead to impoverishment of the young families who pick up the pieces, or are left behind.
Reduced Levels of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lizarondo Felix Paolo J. , Nacianceno Patricia A. , Yap-Silva Claudine
Published: January 2021

Background. Alopecia areata is postulated to be an autoimmune disease of which vitamin D may play a role being found in the immune system and hair.

Objective. To determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with alopecia areata compared with healthy controls.

Methods. Observational studies on association of vitamin D levels on alopecia areata compared to healthy controls were obtained from all published articles until July 2018 on MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, TRIP, HERDIN, and Google. Review Manager 5.3 was used for the meta-analysis.

Results. The search strategy yielded 13 qualified articles for the full-length review and 11 studies, containing 916 patients, were included in the meta-analysis using the pooled random effects model. The pooled mean difference of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between alopecia areata patients and healthy controls was -9.55 (95% CI, -10.51 to -8.59) with heterogeneity (I2=85%).

Conclusion. In conclusion, there were reduced levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in alopecia areata compared to healthy controls and vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in alopecia areata compared to healthy controls. There was also a trend of lower vitamin D levels in the more severe forms of alopecia.
Lepromatous Leprosy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Rare Co-infection
Authors: Camaclang Marie Len A. , Cubillan Eileen Liesl A.
Published: January 2021

We report a 23-year-old male with lepromatous leprosy atypically presenting with 5-year history of asymptomatic, verrucous papules, and nodules. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing was positive with depressed CD4 count. In HIV/leprosy co-infection, most of the documented patients were diagnosed with paucibacillary leprosy as immune reconstitution disease (IRD) from treatment-induced immunological recovery. Rarely, multibacillary lepromatous leprosy is encountered in the setting of untreated, severe immunodeficiency. Atypical clinical presentation warrants investigation for concurrent HIV infection.
The Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Interval Exercise on the Proliferation Phase of Wound Healing in Tooth Extraction of Rattus novergicus
Authors: Oki Aqsa Sjuhada , Farhana Nurul , Yuliati
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The healing process of tooth extraction is desired to take place faster to restore the normal tissue. Physical exercise is proven to accelerate wound healing through various physiological mechanisms. Aerobic exercise increases oxygen perfusion which leads to wound healing process. On the other hand, anaerobic exercise stimulates reactive oxygen species and may interfere with the wound healing process.

Objective. To observe if there are differences in the effectiveness of wound healing after tooth extraction based on the number of fibroblast and neovascularization in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that performed interval aerobic or anaerobic exercise.

Methods. Rats were divided into 3 groups, a control group and two treatment groups which performed the aerobic physical exercise or the anaerobic physical exercise. Fibroblast and neovascularization were calculated 7 days after the tooth extraction. Data were analyzed using Krusskal-Wallis statistical tests.

Results. The aerobic exercise group showed the higher number of fibroblasts and neovascularization compared to anaerobic exercise group, while the control group showed the lowest number of fibroblast and neovascularization.

Conclusion. This study demonstrated that aerobic physical exercise accelerates wound healing in the proliferation phase better than anaerobic exercise and no exercise.
Ecosystem Service-Based Sensitivity Analyses of i-Tree Eco
Authors: Lin Jian , Kroll Charles , Nowak David
Published: January 2021

"Trees are known to provide various ecosystem services and disservices to urban communities, which can be quantified using models based on field and environmental data. It is often uncertain how tree structure and environmental variables impact model output. Here we perform a sensitivity analysis (SA) of i-Tree Eco, a common urban forest model, to analyze the relative impact of different model inputs on three module outputs: biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC)(isoprene and monoterpenes) emissions, carbon storage and sequestration, and dry deposition of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. The SA methods included novel applications of the Morris one-at-a-time method and a variance-based decomposition method, which integrates Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube sampling and Iman Conover analysis. A case study was performed in New York City, New York, USA, with field plot data collected in 2013. Genus has the largest influence on BVOC emissions by determining base emission rates and its high interactions with other input factors, and BVOC emissions are sensitive to leaf biomass in a concave manner and temperature in a convex manner, while isoprene emissions show a strong linear relationship with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Diameter at breast height plays the most important role for both carbon storage and sequestration estimators; crown light exposure and tree condition are also important for carbon sequestration. Dry deposition velocity is sensitive to leaf area index and relative humidity in a nearly linear way, while sensitive to temperature and PAR in a concave manner. The results provide guidance to facilitate future field plot campaigns and model development. The knowledge revealed by the SA is also beneficial for model uncertainty reduction, which in turn facilitates more effective urban forest management and decision-making.
Strain Patterns Across the Root-Stem Transition Zone in Urban Trees
Authors: Beezley Kenneth , Dahle Gregory , Miesbauer Jason , DeVallance David
Published: January 2021

Trees are subjected to mechanical loading during their life span or face premature mortality. The strain resulting from loads intercepted by the canopy and transferred throughout the tree is of significant importance, not only for the survival of the tree, but for the safety and well-being of the human population found in close proximity. To test the function of tree orientation to an applied load, static load tests were conducted on 15 mature pin oak trees (Quercus palustris Muenchh.). We applied the static load tests to tilt the trees 0.1° from natural position. We used a digital image correlation system to map strain in the leeward, windward, and tangential roots in the root-stem transition zone. Results indicate that mean maximum strain magnitudes are similar in the leeward and windward orientations and lower on the tangential orientation. The leeward orientation experienced compressive strain, the windward orientation experienced tensile strain, and the tangential orientation had both tensile and compressive strain. This information provides the arboricultural and plant science sectors with a better understanding of how loading force moves through trees and will further enhance tree risk assessment and root zone management protocols.
UMA PERSPECTIVA TEÓRICA E DIACRÔNICA SOBRE O MITO DE DOM JUAN ESPANHOL
Authors: Del Castillo Carlos Giovani Dutra
Published: January 2021

Um traço inerente e universal da literatura é sua relação com a tradição oral, a lenda e o mito (e as mitologias enquanto conjunto de mitos). Dentro desse contexto, um mito muito conhecido na literatura espanhola e mundial é o de Dom Juan. Mas quais são os aspectos intrínsecos que o configuraram como tal? E como se dá essa relação entre dito mito e a literatura espanhola, ao longo de um caminho histórico, até inícios do século XX? Este artigo faz um percurso teórico e diacrônico, com o intuito de responder a essas questões, elucidando a importância dessa relação entre literatura espanhola e um dos mitos mais célebres, produzidos pela cultura hispânica.
APLICATIVOS COMO FERRAMENTA MEDIADORA NO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DA LÍNGUA ALEMÃ NO BRASIL: ein plus ou minus?
Authors: SCHLENKER Adriana Cristiane
Published: January 2021

O trabalho em ambiente escolar e escolas de idioma que ensinam a Língua Alemã no Brasil, levantou questões referentes ao uso da Internet e dos telefones móveis para o ensino da língua. Devido ao rápido crescimento nas ofertas de aplicativos que visam não somente possibilitar, mas também facilitar a aprendizagem do idioma, questiona-se a aplicação e a eficácia dos mesmos neste âmbito ensino-aprendizagem,os valores agregados a estas mídias e por fim o uso dos aplicativos em atividades elaboradas dentro de um contexto do estudo colaborativo. Sob esta perspectiva queremos fomentar a reflexão a respeito do uso dos aplicativos, de sua didática e possibilidades dentro e fora de sala de aula.
CONSCIÊNCIA FONOLÓGICA, FONÉTICA ARTICULATÓRIA E ENSINO
Authors: BENEVIDES Aline De Lima
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo discutem-se conceitos essenciais de fonética articulatória relacionando-os com o conceito de consciência fonológica, a fim de mostrar como aquele pode ser base do desenvolvimento deste. Para isso, expõem-se características do sistema de escrita do português, explicitando a relação letra-som. Além disso, parte-se da fonética articulatória para apresentar o sistema fonológico do PB. Busca-se, por fim, relacionar questões articulatórias com os correntes desvios de escrita encontrados nos textos de alunos de todas as séries do ensino regular. REFERÊNCIASBORTONI-RICARDO, S. M. Métodos de alfabetização e consciência fonológica: o tratamento de regras de variação e mudança. SCRIPTA, Belo Horizonte, v. 9, n. 18, p. 201-220, 1º sem. 2006.CHOMSKY, N. Language and Mind. 3 ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 190 p.CRISTÓFARO-SILVA, T. Fonética e Fonologia do Português. 9 ed. São Paulo: Contexto, 2009. 275 p.CRISTÓFARO-SILVA, T. Qual é a diferença entre consciência fonológica e consciência fonêmica? Letra A, Belo Horizonte, ano 4, n. 16, out./nov. 2008, p. 3.GODOY, D. M. A. Aprendizagem inicial da leitura e da escrita no português do Brasil: influência da consciência fonológica e do método de alfabetização. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2005. 188 p.LAMPRECHT, R. R. Qual é a diferença entre consciência fonológica e consciência fonêmica? Letra A, Belo Horizonte, ano 4, n. 16, out./nov. 2008, p. 3.MARTINS, M. A.; VIEIRA, S. R. TAVARES, M. A. Ensino de Português e Sociolinguística. São Paulo: Contexto, 2014.MORAIS J.; BERTELSON P.; CARY L.; ALEGRIA J. Literacy training and speech segmentation. Cognition, 24, p. 45-64, 1986.PINHEIRO, A. M. V. Leitura e Escrita: uma abordagem cognitiva. Campinas: Editorial Psy II, 1994. 219 p.RIBEIRO, V. da S. Consciência fonológica e aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita: uma análise dessa relação em crianças em fase inicial de alfabetização. Entrepalavras, Fortaleza, ano 1. v. 1, n.1, p. 100-116, ago/dez 2011.SANTOS, R. S. SOUZA, P. C. Fonética. In: FIORIN, J. L. (Org.) Introdução à Linguística II. Princípios de análise. 4 ed. São Paulo: Contexto, 2008. p. 9-32.SNOWLING, M. J. HULME, C. A Ciência da Leitura. São Paulo: Penso, 2013.SOUZA, P. C. Dez livros para conhecer os sistemas de escrita. Disponível em: https://www.fflch.usp.br/sites/fflch.usp.br/files/2018-02/Sistemas%20de%20Escrita.pdf. Acesso em: 08/09/2018.STERIADE, D. The syllable. In: BRIGHT, W. (ed.) Oxford Encyclopedia of Linguistics. 2002. p. 1-15. Disponível em http://lingphil.mit.edu/papers/steriade/Steriade2002SyllableOEL.pdf. Acesso em 25/10/2018.VELOSO, J. A língua na escrita e a escrita da língua. Algumas considerações gerais sobre transparência e opacidade fonémicas na escrita do português e outras questões. In: Da Investigação às Práticas. Estudos de Natureza Educacional, vol. VI (1), 2005, p. 49-69. Recebido em 22-11-2018Aceito em 22-02-2019
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Combined Plant Extract of Pyracantha crenulata and Zanthoxylum armatum
Authors: Negi Sweta Semwal Amit
Published: January 2021

Abstract-Medicinal plants represent an essential source of drugs and have played an important role in healthcaresystem.PyracanthacrenulataandZanthoxylum armatumhave been used as traditional medicine. The main aim of the study was to find the antibacterial activity of the selected plants against bacterialspecies:E.coliandPseudomonasaeruginosa. The solvents used for plant extraction were hexane, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by Agar disk diffusion method. The hexane and aqueous extracts showed moderate activity whereas theethanolicextractsshowedasignificantantibacterial activity. In the study Tetracycline was used as standard. The combined ethanolic extract of both the selected plant showed the synergistic effect on the bacterial strain tested. This leads to the conclusion that the combined effect can have possible application in the development of products as antimicrobial.Keywords: Pyracantha crenulata, Zanthoxylum armatum, Antibiotics, MIC, Antimicrobial activity
Geniusz czy biznesmen? Sprzężenie karier drogą do sukcesu w nauce
Authors: Wagner Izabela
Published: January 2021

Artykuł porusza wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące karier naukowców. Odpowiadając na pytanie, czym jest sukces w nauce, a raczej: jak odnieść sukces, pracując w nauce, autorka analizuje kwestię współpracy naukowej, podziałupracy w zespołach badawczych, publikacji i ko-publikacji, a także ustalania autorstwa dzieł, będących rezultatem wspólnych badań. Biorąc pod uwagę dynamikę środowisk naukowych i pewne zmiany, które zachodzą w pracy przedstawicieli tego środowiska, podejmuje dyskusję na temat pewnych praktyk, które, mimo iż są rozpowszechnione, nie stanowią obiektu regulacji środowiskowych czy też szerszych rozważań w gronach skupiających przedstawicieli nauk humanistycznych i społecznych. Dzięki odmiennej perspektywie użytej w analizie karier naukowych niniejszy artykuł może zmodyfikować postrzeganie funkcjonowania naszego środowiska, a także być punktem wyjścia do szerszej dyskusji dotyczącej naszych codziennych praktyk.
Pokolenie pomocników artylerii. Habermas, Ratzinger, Luhmann i niemieckie spory
Authors: Wigura Karolina
Published: January 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest charakterystyce przykładowych sporów, prowadzonych przez trzech przedstawicieli tzw. pokolenia pomocników artylerii („Flakhelfer-Generation”): Jürgena Habermasa, Niklasa Luhmanna i Josepha Ratzingera. Na pierwszą część artykułu składa się charakterystyka pokolenia, z którego wywodzą się owi trzej intelektualiści. Następnie autorka przechodzi do rekonstrukcji dwóch dyskusji, które odbyły się między tymi trzema postaciami. Jest to, po pierwsze, dyskusja między Jürgenem Habermasem a Niklasem Luhmannem o naturze poznania socjologicznego, z której wnioski zostały zawarte przede wszystkim w książce Theorie der Gesellschaft oder Sozialtechnologie – was leistet die Systemforschung?, po drugie zaś dyskusja między Jürgenem Habermasem a Josephem Ratzingerem o roli religii we współczesnym świecie, której zapis znalazł się w książce Dialektik der Säkularisierung. Über Vernunft und Religion. W obu przypadkach autorka wskazuje, które wątki dyskusji mogły być uwarunkowane przynależnością jej uczestników do „Flakhelfer- Generation”.
Warszawska szkoła historyków idei – o potrzebie porządku w myśleniu o historii myśli
Authors: Bucholc Marta
Published: January 2021

Na początku artykułu omawiam powody, dla których pojęcie szkoły naukowej jest szeroko stosowane w historii nauki. Analizuję zwłaszcza metodologiczne i socjologiczne kryteria używane na ogół w celu zdefiniowania szkoły naukowej. W kolejnej części oceniam warszawską szkołę historyków idei za pomocą tych dwóch kryteriów, co prowadzi do wniosku, że nie można jej uznać za szkołę naukową w świetle żadnego z nich. W ostatniej części rozważam przyczyny, które sprawiły, że pomimo słabego uzasadnienia dla użycia terminu „warszawska szkoła historyków idei” zyskał on akceptację i popularność w polskiej historycznej naukowej autonarracji.
COMPARISON OF HEMODYNAMIC STABILITY WITH CISATRACURIUM AND ATRACURIUM IN PATIENTS WITH LOW EJECTION FRACTION UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Authors: Naseer Mehwish , Bashir Imran , Paracha Vaqar Ilahi , Ahmad Kaleem , Chaudhry Imtiaz Ahmed , Ahmed Tahseen
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the hemodynamic stability with cisatracurium and atracurium in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Army Cardiac Center, Lahore, from Jan 2018 to Nov 2018.

Methodology: A total of 80 adult patients were recruited or invited to participate in this study. Further the cohort was divided in to two groups with respect to their treatment by draw method. Group I contained a total of 40 patients, which were given Cisatracurium 0.2mg/kg at induction of anesthesia. The group II patients constitute the same number but the treatment medication given was 0.5mg/kg Atracurium at induction.

Results: Before anesthesia induction, pulse rate was 84.10 ± 5.54 bpm and 83.01 ± 5.72 bpm in group A and B, respectively (p=0.385). At 4 minutes after anesthesia induction, pulse rate was 83.05 ± 5.58 bpm and 86.37 ± 6.62 bpm in group A and B, respectively (p=0.017). Before anesthesia induction, mean arterial pressure was 71.07 ± 7.62 mmHg and 69.22 ± 10.77 mmHg in group A and B, respectively (p=0.378). At 4 minutes after anesthesia induction, mean arterial pressure was 68.22 ± 8.17 mmHg and 72.20 ± 8.09 mmHg in group A and B, respectively (p=0.032) table-II.

Conclusion: We may conclude from our study that although there is significant difference of the change in arterial blood pressure due to the both drugs. The group A was having more stable hemodynamic indexes where the drug administrated was Cisatracurium.Keywords: , , , , .
EARLY MORTALITY & MORBIDITY IN MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT WITH TOTAL SUB-VALVULAR APPARATUS PRESERVATION, PARTIAL PRESERVATION AND NO PRESERVATION - A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Ali Nasir , Janjua Asif Mahmood , Khan Naser Ali , Ashgar Muhammad Imran , Ullah Kifayat , Javed Yasir
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the early morbidity & mortality of total sub-valvular apparatus preservation technique vs partial preservation technique and no preservation technique in mitral valve replacement.

Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2018.

Methodology: One hundred fifty seven patients who underwent Mitral valve replacement were included in study. These patients were divided into three groups; group “A” comprised of those patients with total subvalvular apparatus preservation (n1=46), group “B” comprised of those patients with partial sub-valvular apparatus preservation (n2=70), group “C” comprised of those patients with no sub-valvular apparatus preservation(n3=41).

Results: There were no statistical difference in the pre-operative data of the patients. No statistical difference noted in cross clamp & bypass time (p>0.05). The early morbidity in terms of ICU stay, Ventilation time, Inotropic supports, post-operative bleeding, Blood transfusion, postoperative rhythm abnormality & Re-exploration were statically significant (p<0.05). The mortality rate of patients with total sub-valvular apparatus preservation was 2.17% which is significantly less than those with partial preservation (2.85%) & no preservation (9.75%).

Conclusions: Mitral valve replacement with total subvalvular apparatus preservation had low postoperative morbidity & mortality in comparison with partial and no preservation techniques.
FREQUENCY OF UNIDENTIFIED DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Rashdi Amna , Ali Jahanzab , Ahmed Ayaz , Shahzad Syed Khurram , Shahzad Khurram , Usman Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of unidentified Diabetes Mellitus in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Army Cardiac Centre Lahore, Lahore, from Jan 2020 to Feb 2020.

Methodology: Patients (male and females) with acute myocardial infarction both ST Elevation MI and non-ST Elevation MI presenting to cardiac centre were included through consecutive non probability sampling technique. Patients with gestation diabetes mellitus and diabetes type I were excluded. Data was collected through detailed questionnaire covering the necessary variables. Distribution of unrecognized diabetes in these patients were determined through Blood Sugar Fasting and HBA1c levels undersigned by the classified Pathologist.

Results: Over the study period, a total of 150 patients were included. 68.6% were males with 40.6% patients suffering from STEMI and 28% with NSTEMI. Among 31.2% females, 12.6% patients had STEMI and 18.6% had NSTEMI. Out of total patients, 40% were known case of diabetes, 26.6% were newly diagnosed diabetics, normoglycemic were 23.3% and impaired fasting blood glucose levels was present in 10% patients. Total 40 (26.6%) patients were those who were first diagnosed diabetes during admission for acute MI management. In unidentified diabetic group STEMI was more common than NSTEMI with male predominance.

Conclusion: There is a high frequency of unrecognized diabetes mellitus in patients with acute Myocardial infarction in our population. Therefore, in high risk patients for ischemic heart disease, screening for diabetes is routinely suggested to take timely preventive efforts and avoid complications.
FREQUENCY OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR INFARCTION AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE INFERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Samin Ariz , Ali Nasir , Farhan Shaheer , Mustafa Syed Hassan , Javaid Mahnoor , Malik Saqib , Khan Sajid , Arshad Saamia , Touqeer Mahwish , Tuyyab Farhan
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of right ventricular infarction among patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.

Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from, Jan 2017 to Sep 2017.

Methodology: A total of 163 patients aged 18-75 years and admitted to coronary care unit (CCU) with first attack of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction, were recruited through non probability purposive sampling. Electrocardiogram and Echo were performed of all patients and their findings were noted for the frequency of right ventricular infarction in acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.

Results: There were 117 (72%) males and 46 (28%) females. Patients were stratified according to their age in four groups i.e. 13 (8%) patients were less than 40 years of age, 26 (16%) patients were aged between 41 and 50 years, 46 (28%) patients were aged between 51 and 60 years of age and 78 (48%) patients were above 60 years of age. Mean ± SD was 60 ± 1.28. Out of 163 patients, 44 (27%) had right ventricular infarction while 119 (73%) did not have right ventricular infarction.

Conclusion: The frequency of right ventricular infraction among patients presenting with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction was 27%.