bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Pain in the Elderly: The Case for New
Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Varrassi Giustino
Published: February 2021

Background: Elderly patients in general exhibit a higher incidence of chronic and neuropathic
pain conditions. This group poses a particular clinical challenge due to age-related pharmacokinetic
and pharmacodynamic issues, comorbid conditions, and polypharmacy, as well as frailty and
cognitive decline. Poor control of pain has consistently been identified as an issue for older people.
The identification of safe and efficacious treatments for chronic pain remains a critical public health
concern, especially considering the progressive increase of the world’s elderly population.
Objectives: This narrative review deals with the principal alterations of the somatosensory system
together with changes in non-neuronal cells in the course of aging. The possibility to control chronic
pain based on an innovative strategy which addresses non-neuronal cell dysregulation control will
also be discussed.
Study Design: Narrative review.
Results: Peripheral nerves display functional, structural, and biochemical changes with aging that
mainly involve Aδ fibers. Alteration in the responses to heat pain in the middle insular cortex and
primary somatosensory cortex are also observed in the elderly. In general, pain threshold increases
with age while the threshold of pain tolerance remains unchanged or decreases. Additionally,
other important modifications of the pain perception system in this age group consist in a clear
reduction in the descending inhibitory capacity with an associated increase in central sensitization.
Furthermore, different changes concern immune system cells, such as mast cells and microglia, that
with age show an increase in their sensitivity to noxious stimuli and a decreased capability to be
regulated by homeostatic endogenous systems. Since these cells are the primary interlocutors for
pain neurons, their alterations lead to changes that promote persistent neuroinflammation, thereby
impacting pain neuronal cell functionality.
Limitation: This review is not an exhaustive review for the current evidence supporting the role
of immune cells in influencing pain somatosensory neuron functions. It is also important to stress
the small number of studies designed to determine the efficacy and safety of anti-pain therapies in
elderly patients.
Conclusion: Non-neuronal cells of immune system origin such as microglia and mast cells, along
with astrocytes, are capable of influencing pain somatosensory neuron functions. These nervous
system non-neuronal cells may thus be viewed as innovative targets for persistent pain control. Among
therapies aiming at preserving the functionality of non-neuronal cells, palmitoylethanolamide, with
its high efficacy/risk ratio, may be an excellent co-treatment for the ever-growing elderly population
with chronic pain.
Key words: Elderly, chronic and neuropathic pain, mast cells, glial cells, neuroinflammation,
micronized and ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide
Lumbar Sympathetic Block with Botulinum
Toxin Type B for Complex Regional Pain
Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Nahm Francis  Sahngun
Published: February 2021

Lumbar sympathetic block (LSB) is an effective method for relief of sympathetically
mediated pain in the lower extremities. To prolong the sympathetic blockade,
sympathetic destruction with alcohol or radiofrequency has been used. The preganglionic sympathetic nerves are cholinergic, and botulinum toxin (BTX) has been
found to inhibit the release of acetylcholine at the cholinergic nerve terminals. Moreover,
BTX type B (BTX-B) is more convenient to use than BTX type A. Based on these findings,
we performed LSB on the 2 patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in the
lower extremity. Levobupivacaine 0.25% 5 mL mixed with BTX-B 5,000 IU was given
under fluoroscopic guidance. Two months after LSB with BTX-B, pain intensity and the
Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) score were significantly
reduced. Allodynia and coldness disappeared and skin color came back to normal. In
conclusion, BTX-B can produce an efficacious and durable sympathetic blocking effect
on patients with CRPS.
Key words: Botulinum toxins, complex regional pain syndrome, chemical
sympathectomy, sympathetic ganglia
Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy as
an Emergent Surgery for Cauda Equina Syndrome
Caused by Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Wang Yuntao
Published: February 2021

Background: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare and serious syndrome that requires
urgent surgery to improve neurological symptoms. CES can be caused by lumber disc herniation
(LDH) and accounts for about 1% to 3% of all cases of disc herniation.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of
the cases of patients with CES caused by LDH and treated by percutaneous endoscopic lumbar
discectomy (PELD).
Study Design: This study used a retrospective design.
Setting: Research took place at the Jiangyin Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University of
Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients treated for CES due to LDH with PELD
as an emergent surgery at a single institutional department between January 2015 and March
2018. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, the level of disc prolapse, time interval
between diagnosis and surgery, lower extremity pain or weakness, perianal sensation, voluntary
anal contraction, presence of bladder dysfunction, and the reversal of these deficits in follow-up.
Results: After the emergent surgery with PELD, the lower extremity symptoms were all
completely recovered or partly decreased. Only one patient had weakness with plantar flexion of
the left foot at the one-year time point. The decreased perianal sensations were partly recovered
after surgery, and 9 cases had complete recovery and 2 cases had partial recovery at the one-year
follow-up. No patients had anal contraction and bladder problems after the one-year follow-up.
Limitations: The number of cases reported here is limited, so we will expand the study by
including an increased number of patients and a longer follow-up duration.
Conclusion: Taken together, these observations show that PELD, used as a minimally invasive
choice of emergent surgery, can provide enough decompression of disc prolapse and a satisfactory
outcome for patients with CES caused by LDH.
Key words: Cauda equina syndrome, lumbar disc herniation, outcomes, percutaneous
endoscopic lumbar discectomy
Evaluation of Sensory Mapping of Erector
Spinae Plane Block
Authors: Cadavid Adriana
Published: February 2021

Background: Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is an effective regional analgesic technique for
thoracic and abdominal pain. The volume of local anesthetic (LA) needed to produce sensory
block in the spinal segment is unknown.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the extent of dermatomal spread
following ultrasound-guided administration of ESP block, with a fixed-volume dose of a LA at
the midthoracic area for analgesia in acute thoracic pain patients. Secondary objectives were
postprocedure analgesia and patient satisfaction.
Study Design: This research used a prospective unicentric exploratory cohort design.
Setting: The study was conducted at an academic university hospital.
Methods: A total of 18 patients with acute severe chest pain including rib fractures, thoracic
postoperative rescue analgesia, zoster herpetic neuritis, and myofascial pain syndrome received
ESP block under ultrasound guidance at the T5-T7 levels. Twenty mL of 0.5% plain bupivacaine
was injected. Evaluation of the sensory block was carried out 60 minutes following the
completion of the ESP block via a change in sensation to pinprick and cold methods. The Visual
Analog Scale (VAS) for pain was recorded one hour after the procedure. Patient satisfaction
was reported using a 4-point Likert scale. This study was registered with the clinicaltrials.gov
database (identifier: NCT03831581).
Results: Sixteen patients had a successful ESP block; 2 patients were excluded for a failed
block. The mean dermatomal spread was 9 (range, 8-11). VAS scores improved by at least 50%
from baseline (P < .05), one hour after the ESP block. The degree of satisfaction reported by all
patients on the Likert scale was 4 points. No major complications were observed.
Limitations: This study was limited by its sample size.
Conclusions: An ultrasound-guided ESP block with a single injection at the midthoracic level
with 20 mL of 0.5% plain bupivacaine provides a mean dermatomal spread of 9 dermatomes
(range, 8-11) with a high rate of analgesic efficacy and low incidence of adverse effects.
Key words: Acute pain, dermatomal spread, erector spine plane nerve block, thoracic pain,
thoracic postoperative analgesia
The Novel Costotransverse Foramen Block
Technique: Distribution Characteristics of
Injectate Compared with Erector Spinae
Plane Block
Authors: Kampitak Wirinaree
Published: February 2021

Background: The costotransverse foramen (CTF) is a space continuous with the paravertebral
space. We hypothesized that injections passing through the CTF will result in a successful
injectate spread to the paravertebral space.
Objectives: We investigated patterns of dye spread to assess characteristics of neural blockade
following ultrasound-guided CTF and erector spinae plane (ESP) injection in an anatomic and
clinical study.
Study Design: Prospective cadaveric study, and case studies.
Setting: University hospital.
Methods: Six soft cadavers were studied. The boundaries of the CTF and the needle pathway
of CTF injection were identified in the first cadaver. The CTF and ESP injections were performed
on either the left or right sides of the T4 vertebral level in cadavers 2 to 6. Fifteen milliliters
of 0.2% methylene blue was injected in each block, and the spread of dye was assessed by
anatomic dissection. We also report 2 case studies of CTF and ESP blocks.
Results: Cadaver studies of CTF injection demonstrate that with injection to the inferior aspect
of the base of the transverse process, the dye mainly passes anteriorly through the CTF into
the paravertebral space, with minimal track-back to the deep back muscles. Consistent sensory
blockade was achieved in 2 case studies. With the ESP injection, the spread of dye was observed
cephalocaudad to the fascia of the erector spinae muscle, with no dye spreading within the
paravertebral space in all cadavers.
Limitations: Prospective case series.
Conclusions: CTF block was consistently associated with a mainly anterior spread of injectate
into the paravertebral space that involved the thoracic spinal nerves, and minimal posterior
spread of injectate to the deep back muscles.
Key words: Thoracic vertebrae, rib cage, paraspinal muscle, nerve block, joints
Ohio Response to COVID-19 and Its Impact on
Interventional Pain Management Practices
Authors: Soin Amol
Published: February 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically
altered daily living and medical care for Ohio residents and the practice of medicine
for the interventional pain management physician. As a state, Ohio tends to be
demographically representative of the broader US population.
Objective: Reviewing the efforts deployed by Ohio to flatten the COVID-19 infection
curve and reduce the spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important component of determining optimal procedures for
mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Over the course of several announcements and orders during the months
of March and April, new policies were put into place to prevent COVID-19 transmission,
which included efforts to facilitate social distancing and ensure the health care system
could manage the number of COVID-19 cases at peak infection rate. Efforts directed
toward medical providers included delay of elective procedures, expansion of telehealth
options, and new temporary guidance for prescribing controlled substances.
Results: The Ohio COVID-19 containment approach resulted in a substantial
reduction in COVID-19 cases compared with early models of disease spread, and the
state has begun a phased reopening. Continued vigilance in applying social distancing
and infection control measures will be a critical component of preventing or reducing
the impact of a second wave of COVID-19 in Ohio.
Limitations: A narrative review with paucity of literature.
Key words: COVID-19, infection rates, mitigating effects, pandemic, infection control
GENETICS: A MODIFICATION IN DENTISTRY
Authors: Gandhi Charu , Gupta Sadhvi
Published: February 2021

Genetics is a branch of biology which can be dened as the study of genes and heredity. Genetics when seen in relation to
oral health can show various manifestations ranging from developmental disturbances to precancerous and cancerous
lesions. Signicant advances in research methods and newly emerging partnerships between private and public sector interests are creating new
possibilities for utilization of genetic information for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.
The availability and application of genetic information to the understanding of normal and abnormal human growth and development are
fundamentally changing the way we approach the study of human diseases. As a result, the issues and principles of medical genetics are coming to
bear across all disciplines of health care.
In this review, we discuss some of the potential applications of human molecular genetics for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. This
discussion is presented in the context of the ongoing technological advances and conceptual changes that are occurring in the eld of medical
genetics.
TREATMENT OF CARBAPENEM RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
URINARY TRACT INFECTION WITH COMBINATION OF AMIKACIN AND
MEROPENEM
Authors: Kalbhande Jayesh , Kuldeep Vicky
Published: February 2021

Drug resistance of bacteria is biggest challenge humanity is going to
face in near future. Bacteria are rapidly developing resistant to
multiple drugs and there are not many new drugs in pipeline. Infection
because of drug resistant organism is a common cause of morbidity
and mortality in intensive care unit. If acquisition of drug resistance by
microorganism progresses at this rate, that time is not very far when we
will be pushed in to preantibiotic era. We need to develop new
strategies to combat drug resistant by microorganism. We report a case
of highly drug resistant urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella.
This strain was resistant to both Inj. Meropenem and Inj. Amikacin.
This case was successfully treated by combination of Inj. Meropenem
and Inj. Amikacin and complete resolution of infection was observed.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING
PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SCHOOL PHOBIA AMONG
PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AT SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF
GUJARAT STATE.
Authors: Katara Jinal , Patel Palak
Published: February 2021

School phobia is when your child is nervous and refuses to go to school. It is also called school avoidance. A phobia is a
strong fear of something for no obvious reason. The objectives of the study were: To assess the pre-test knowledge
regarding school phobia among primary school teachers at selected primary schools of Gujarat state. To assess the post-test knowledge regarding
school phobia among primary school teachers at selected primary schools of Gujarat state. To nd out the association between the levels of
knowledge regarding school phobia with selected demographic variables. Total 60 samples were selected from the selected primary schools of
Gujarat state through Non- Probability Convenient Sampling Technique. The pre-test mean score was 11.82 and post-test score was 14.22.
Researcher found the association with demographic variables i.e., Gender, educational status, Economic status, Year of experience and working
period.
RISK FACTORS PREDICTING FAILURE OF RETROGRADE URETERAL
STENT INSERTION IN MANAGEMENT OF CALCULOUS URETERAL
OBSTRUCTION. OUR TERTIARY INSTITUTE EXPERIENCE.
Authors: Pedamallu Raghuveer
Published: February 2021

Background: Calculus ureteric obstruction is known to cause signicant morbidity if not intervened early. DJ stenting is
an established practise for relieving calculus ureteric obstruction.
Objectives: Analysis of risk factors predicting failure of retrograde ureteric stenting in managing patients with calculous ureteric obstruction.
Methods: This is retrospective study of cases between August 2014 and April 2015. Ninety eight patients of calculous ureteral obstruction
including 16 bilateral cases were evaluated in our study. All cases of calculous ureteric obstruction who undergone DJ stenting surgical procedure
were included in this study. Renal transplant patients, medically unt patients, previous cystectomy and diversion procedures, ureteric strictures
were excluded from this study. Data elements extracted from the records such as age, sex, stone size, degree ofhydronephrosis, and creatinine
values. Data was analyzed and Chi-square test with Yates correction was used to determine statistical signicance.
Results: We observed from our data that factors predicting failure of retrograde DJ stent insertion were large stone (>2cm), severe
hydronephrosis and high baseline creatinine levels. Statistically signicant association is noted between large stone size (> 2cm) and failure rate
(P-value .00001). After 3 months, creatinine values were normalized (<1.5) in 98 % of unilateral and 69% of bilateral cases. Creatinine values
were improved to near normal values in remaining cases.
Conclusion: We conclude that stone size>2cm, as an independent signicantly strong predictor of procedural failure. Hence, prompt and early
relief of ureteric obstruction restore renal function and reduces morbidity in patients with ureteral obstruction
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE ANXIETY LEVEL OF PARENT OF NEONATE ADMITTED IN NICU AT SELECTED HOSPITAL INDORE (M.P.)
Authors: Milton Joycey , Padihar Sumit
Published: February 2021

Baby "Newborn" and "Babyhood" redirect here. For other uses, see Baby (disambiguation), Newborn (disambiguation), and Babyhood (disambiguation). An infant (from the Latin word infants, meaning "unable to speak") is the more formal or specialized synonym for "baby", the very young newborn of a human. The term may also be used to refer to juveniles of other organisms. Parents' stress is known to further increase when their infant's NICU stay is prolonged since they are perceived as visitors rather than parents of their infants, for long periods. Statistical analyzes demonstrated that the mean (Mean ± Standard Deviation) existed anxiety score of parents of neonates admitted to NICU found to be 88.77±14.37 points at assessment stage.
Pengaruh Metode Open Ended dan STAD Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau Dari Prestasi Belajar
Authors: Alman Alman , Ituga Almuhaimin Sarnav , Yulianto Ahmad , Asrul Asrul
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen yang menggunakan  factorial design. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan fakta-fakta akibat dari perbedaan pengaruh metode Open ended dengan metode STAD terhadap pemecahan masalah matematika peserta didik ditinjau dari prestasi belajar. Dimana prestasi belajar digolongkan menjadi dua tingkat yaitu prestasi tinggi dan rendah.Populasi penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Serayu.Data di analisis dengan uji univariat ANAVA. Hasil penelitian adalah (1). Ada perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika peserta didik yang diajarkan dengan  metodeopen ended dan metode STAD. (2). Nilai-rata-rata posttest prestasi open ended tertinggi peserta didik adalah 95,71 dan nilai rata-rata rendah 63,92. Nilai rata-rata total prestasi open ended adalah 81,04. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata postest prestasi STAD tertinggi peserta didik adalah 95,50 dan nilai  rata-rata posttest prestasi STAD rendah 70,00. Nilai rata-rata total posttest prestasi peserta didik adalah 89,13. (3).  Tidak ada interaksi antara metode open ended dan metode STAD .
Pengaruh Integrasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Pembelajaran IPS terhadap Keterampilan Sosial Siswa SD Negeri 3 Kabupaten Sorong
Authors: Wulandari Hilda
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh integrasi pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran IPS terhadap keterampilan sosial siswa kelas V di SD Negeri 3 Kabupaten Sorong. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, observasi dan dokumentasi. Uji analisis data yang digunakan analisis uji normalitas dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil uji reliabilitas angket pendidikan karakter diperoleh hasil Cronbach's Alpha sebesar 0,703 da n uji reliabilitas angket keterampilan sosial diperoleh hasil Cronbach's Alpha sebesar 0,698. Dari analisis data diperoleh uji normalitas kolmogrov smirnov pendidikan karakter Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) 0,071 > 0,05 dan keterampilan sosial Asymp. Sig (2-tailed)  0,198 > 0,05 maka diperoleh data normal. Hasil analisis regresi linier sederhana untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara pendidikan karakter terhadap keterampilan sosial siswa menunjukkan pengaruh dilihat dari nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 68,6%. Artinya bahwa variabel keterampilan sosial Y dipengaruhi sebesar 68,6% oleh pendidikan karakter X sedangkan sisanya 31,4% dipengaruhi faktor-faktor yang lain. Dan diperoleh Ftabel sebesar 4,20 pada taraf 5%. H0 ditolak apabila Fhitung> Ftabel. Karena Fhitung =  dan lebih besar dari Ftabel 4,20 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang  signifikan antara pendidikan karakter terhadap keterampilan sosial siswa.
Hubungan Kecerdasan Emosional terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas V SD Muhammadiyah I Remu Kota Sorong
Authors: R Indah Iriani , Yulianto Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas V SD Muhammadiyah I Remu Sorong. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dua variabel ( variabel X kecerdasan emosional terhadap variabel Y kemampuan pemecahan masalah). Pupolasi dalam peneltian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Muhammadiyah I Remu Sorong yang berjumlah 115 siswa dan sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 39 siswa. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan instrument tes sebagai alat untuk mengumpulkan data.Untuk mengolah data menggunakan sistem komputerisasi SPSS versi 16.0. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kecerdasan emosional dengan kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah matematika siswa kelas V SD Muhammadiyah I Remu Sorong, yaitu sebesar 0,792 atau berkontribusi sebesar 79,20 %.
Pengaruh Literasi terhadap Keterampilan Membaca pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Inpres 12 Kabupaten Sorong
Authors: Hermawan Rizal , Rumaf Nouval , Solehun Solehun
Published: February 2021

Membaca merupakan kemampuan yang paling mendasar sebagai bekal untuk mempelajari segala sesuatu, dalam literasi membaca merupakan bentuk pembelajaran yang sangat menarik dan penting bagi guru dan peserta didik agar suatu pembelajaran mudah dipahami atau dimengerti saat melakukan kegiatan membaca, menulis maupun berkomunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pendekatan literasi dapat berpengaruh  terhadap keterampilan membaca pada siswa kelas IV SD Inpres 12 Kabupaten Sorong. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain quasi experimental design. Populasi  penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas IV  SD Inpres Kabupaten Sorong yang berjumlah 67 siswa, dimana kelas IV A sebanyak 20 siswa, kelas IV B sebanyak 27 siswa dan kelas IV C sebanyak 20 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik sampling yaitu random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pre test dan post test. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh literasi terhadap keterampilan membaca pada siswa kelas IV SD Inpres 12 Kabupaten Sorong. Hal ini ditunjukan oleh nilai thitung sebesar 13.220 dengan dk=n-2 (40-2=38) diperoleh ttabel 2.024. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data nilai yaitu thitung > ttabel (13.220 > 2.024) maka hipotesis diterima.
Keterampilan Metakognitif Siswa Kelas V dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di SD Negeri 02 Badak
Authors: Larasati Rosmadhani Maya , Nugroho Agung , Harmianto Sri
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui keterampilan metakognitif siswa kelas 5 dalam proses pembelajaran jarak jauh di SD Negeri 02 Badak. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Partisipan dalam penelitian yaitu guru, wali siswa, dan siswa kelas 5 dengan metode  pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data yang digunakan  yaitu triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh dalam rangka membentuk keterampilan metakognitif siswa dengan guru memberikan teknik pembelajaran kepada siswa untuk membentuk keterampilan metakognitif siswa, mempersiapkan materi yang akan dijelaskan kepada siswa, pengalaman belajar yang bermakna, serta memberikan proses pembelajaran jarak jauh yang menarik untuk membentuk keterampilan metakognitif siswa. Keterampilan metakognitif siswa, guru harus bisa menggunakan beberapa indikator yang menjadi faktor penunjang untuk membentuk keterampilan metakognitif siswa seperti mengidentifikasi tugas yang sedang dikerjakan, mengawasi kemajuan pekerjaan tugas siswa, mengevaluasi kemajuan pekerjaan siswa, serta memprediksi hasil yang akan diperoleh siswa. Keterampilan metakognitif siswa kelas 5 di SD Negeri 02 Badak mempunyai 3 kategori yaitu siswa yang mempunyai keterampilan metakognitif baik, siswa yang mempunyai keterampilan metakognitif sedang, dan siswa yang mempunyai keterampilan metakognitif rendah.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Komik untuk Meningkatkan Hasil dan Minat Belajar Matematika Peserta Didik Kelas III SD Muhammadiyah Malawili
Authors: Mujahadah Ikhwatul , Alman Alman , Triono Mukhlas
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Media Komik sebagai media pembelajaran Matematika,  meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika, dan meningkatkan minat belajar peserta didik kelas III SD Muhammadiyah Malawili pada pembelajaran Matematika tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Design Research dengan mengacu pada model Thiagarajan atau dikenal dengan model 4-D, yang terdiri dari tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate.  Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket, lembar validasi, dan soal. Data yang diperoleh dari soal, angket, dan lembar validasi dianalisis secara kuantitatif lalu dikonversikan menjadi data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: media pembelajaran komik Matematika tahap pengembangan pada tahap ini penilaian kelayakan Media Pembelajaran memperoleh rata-rata skor 77,67 yang termasuk kategori sangat baik menunjukkan bahwa Media Pembelajaran Komik Matematika layak digunakan. Tahap Uji Keefektifan kepada 16 Peserta Didik Kelas III memperoleh persentase hasil belajar sebanyak 87,5% juga rata-rata skor nilai 80 dan Minat Belajar Matematika memperoleh interpretasi rata-rata sebanyak 33,56. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Media Pembelajaran  Komik Matematika dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar Matematika maka kesimpulannya adalah Media Pembelajaran Komik Matematika dapat meningkatkan hasil dan minat belajar Matematika peserta didik kelas III SD Muhammadiyah Malawili.
Peranan Guru terhadap Motivasi Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas V SD Inpres 51 Kabupaten Sorong
Authors: Ora Hilarius Oktovianus koba , Mursalim Mursalim
Published: February 2021

Penelitian yang dilakukan berdasarkan hasil obsevasi yang peneliti temukan di SD Inpres 51 Kabupaten Sorong, yaitu Pengaruh Peran Guru Terhadap Motivasi Belajar IPS merupakan suatu usaha guru dalam membangun minat belajar siswa pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung di kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk guru membantu siswa dalam membangun motivasi belajar yang timbul dari dalam dan  luar diri siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS khususnya kelas V SD Inpres 51 Kabupaten Sorong. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen yang merupaka hasil pengamatan dan pengukuran empiris untuk mengungkapkan fakta tentang suatu karakteristik. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Inpres 51 Kabupaten Sorong dengan jumlah keseluruhan adalah  52 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik obsevasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan bahwa besarnya pengaruh peran guru dapat dilihat dari nilai R square sebesar 97,0% yang memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa dengan nilai rata-rata mencapai 68,65%, maka peran guru dalam memberikan movitasi belajar sangatlah penting bagi siswa pada proses pembelajaran.
Studi Etnopedagogi Nilai-Nilai Sila Pancasila pada Budaya Lokal Masyarakat Adat Sumba
Authors: Pingge Heronimus Delu , Aingu Rahel Maga
Published: February 2021

Pancasila sebagai ideologi bangsa Indonesia dan kausa materialitas dari Pancasila adalah kebudayaan. Kebudayaan masyarakat adat Sumba merupakan kekayaan budaya Indonesia yang mendukung keutuhan Pancasila. Tulisan ini untuk menjawab beberapa pertanyaan penelitian sebagai berikut; Bagaimana refleksi nilai sila ketuhanan yang maha esa pada budaya lokal masyarakat adat Sumba?, 2) Bagaimana refleksi nilai sila kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab pada budaya lokal masyarakat adat Sumba, 3) Bagaimana refleksi nilai persatuan Indonesia pada budaya lokal masyarakat adat Sumba, 4) Bagaimana refleksi nilai sila kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan pada budaya lokal masyarakat adat Sumba, 5) Bagaimana refleksi nilai keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia pada budaya lokal masyarakat adat Sumba?. Perolehan data dilakukan dengan melakukan penelitian dengan  metode fenomenologi, dalam metode tersebut data dikumpulkan melaui wawancara dan analisis dokumentasi. Ditemukan bahwa refleksi nilai pancasila pada budaya masyarakat Sumba terdapat pada ungkapan syair adat dan perilaku budaya marapu. Nilai-nilai Sila Pancasila yang terdapat dalam masyarakat adat Sumba dapat dijadikan sebagai sebuah pendekatan belajar berbasis etnopedagogi dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan kewarganegaraan dan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial di Sekolah Dasar serta sebagai sarana pewarisan budaya lokal masyarakat Adat Sumba lewat pendidikan.
Pengaruh Metode LAMBUNG TA terhadap Minat Membaca Peserta Didik Kelas III SDN No. 51 Lauwa
Authors: Dewi Fitri , Yulianto Ahmad , Solehun Solehun
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui Pengaruh Metode LAMBUNG TA terhadap Minat Membaca Peserta Didik Kelas III SDN No. 51 Lauwa. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimen digunakan pada penelitian ini. Populasinya adalah peserta didik kelas III yang berjumlah 15 peserta didik, dengan sampel berjumlah 15 peserta didik yang terdiri dari 4 peserta didik laki-laki dan 11 peserta didik perempuan dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi, angket dan dokuementasi. Dari analisis data diperoleh uji normalitas Kolmogorov Smirnov yaitu 0.200. Hasil data analisis uji paired samples test menunjukan bahwa nilai T yaitu -3.644- dengan df yaitu 14. Berdasarkan criteria, jika p –value < ɑ (0.05), then H0 (Hipotesis nol) di tolak dan HA (Hipotesis Alternatif) di terima. Itu berarti bahwa adanya pengaruh metode Lompat Sambung Kata terhadap minat membaca pada kelas III antara pre-test dan post-test.  Maka P-value yaitu 0.000 < ɑ (0.05), maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Dengan begitu dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh metode lambunta  terhadap minat membaca peserta didik.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Saintifik terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SD YPK 4 Pniel Kota Sorong
Authors: Arifuddin Riskyani , Yulianto Ahmad , Alman Alman
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan saintifik terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa kelas IV di SD YPK 4 PNIEL Kota Sorong, dengan melibatkan responden sebanyak 30 siswa menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan teknik analisis data yakni menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara pendekatan saintifik terhadap motivasi belajar, dilihat dari thitung > ttabel, yakni 3,314 > 2,048, dan berdasarkan nilai sig yakni 0,03 < 0,05, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar. Adapun kualitas pengaruh yang diberikan adalah sebesar 28,2%, sedangkan 71,2% disebabkan oleh faktor lain diluar dari motivasi belajar. Berdasarkan data hasil uji hipotesis dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendekatan saintifik terhadap motivasi belajar. Pendekatan saintifik dapat menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa.
Pengaruh Model Discovery Learning terhadap Keaktifan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran IPA Kelas IV SD YPK Persiapan Mirafan
Authors: Faan Elda Martha , Yulianto Ahmad , Asrul Asrul
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model discovery learning terhadap keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA kelas IV SD YPK Persiapan Mirafan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, dengan desain One-Shot Case Study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SD YPK Persiapan Mirafan dengan sampel kelas IV yang berjumlah 10 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah observasi dan instrumen angket keaktifan siswa. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian selanjutnya diuji normalitas sebagai uji prasyarat untuk melakukan uji hipotesis. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan yaitu One Sampel T-Test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa hasil uji One Sample T-Test diperoleh hasil t hitung sebesar 12,984 nilai df pada penelitian n-1 yaitu 10-1 = 9, nilai df 9 adalah 2,262 jadi t hitung > t tabel yaitu 12,984 > 2,262. Dari hasil uji one sampel t-test menunjukkan bahwa H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak artinya ada pengaruh model discovery learning terhadap keaktifan siswa dalam belajar. Maka kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh model discovery learning terhadap keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA kelas IV SD YPK Persiapan Mirafan.
Learned Image Compression with Discretized Gaussian Mixture Likelihoods and Attention Modules
Authors: G Ranganathan , V Bindhu
Published: February 2021

There have been many compression standards developed during the past few decades and technological advances has resulted in introducing many methodologies with promising results. As far as PSNR metric is concerned, there is a performance gap between reigning compression standards and learned compression algorithms. Based on research, we experimented using an accurate entropy model on the learned compression algorithms to determine the rate-distortion performance. In this paper, discretized Gaussian Mixture likelihood is proposed to determine the latent code parameters in order to attain a more flexible and accurate model of entropy. Moreover, we have also enhanced the performance of the work by introducing recent attention modules in the network architecture. Simulation results indicate that when compared with the previously existing techniques using high-resolution and Kodak datasets, the proposed work achieves a higher rate of performance. When MS-SSIM is used for optimization, our work generates a more visually pleasant image.
Os valores Civilizatórios e o jogo Mancala como possibilidade de resgate e valorização da Cultura Quilombola
Authors: De Freitas Ernani Luis Vitorazzi , Fioreze Leandra Anversa , Pires Claudia Luisa Zeferino
Published: February 2021

O Quilombo dos Alpes, localizado na cidade de Porto Alegre – RS, é um local de resistência e resgate dos valores histórico-ancestrais  que são afirmados na convivência entre as gerações. A pesquisa do tipo participante visa responder como o jogo Mancala pode ser utilizado como recurso pedagógico para instigar a reflexão sobre os valores civilizatórios afro-brasileiros, e quais desses valores são percebidos pelos jovens e crianças. A Mancala é uma família de jogos de tabuleiro que reproduz o ato de semeadura e colheita, prática ancestral distribuída em todo o continente africano. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são exclusivamente crianças e jovens pertencentes à comunidade, participantes do cotidiano das famílias autodeclaradas quilombolas. Concluiu-se que a Mancala pode ser utilizada associada à apresentação dos valores civilizatórios da população negra com o propósito de valorizar e de reconhecer a importância de seus saberes e fazeres, e que a inserção se configurou como uma oportunidade de açãoeducativa que visa contribuir com a formação para um mundo menos desigual.
A potência do Portfólio na Formação Docente em Química: um relato narrativo autobiográfico
Authors: Rigue Fernanda Monteiro , Dalmaso Alice Copetti , Ramos Maria Rosângela Silveira
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho propõe apresentar a construção do Portfólio como instrumento no percurso formativo inicial docente na atualidade. Para tanto, acerca do caráter metodológico do estudo, iniciaremos por uma breve revisão bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo, acerca da temática proposta. Na sequência, apresentaremos um relato narrativo autobiográfico, o qual registra a experiência e vivência do uso do mesmo, durante a formação inicial em Licenciatura em Química, entre os anos de 2011 e 2015. Assim, entende-se que a formação inicial necessita estimular e provocar os licenciandos, no desenvolvimento de um pensar que problematize e reflita sobre as experiências vividas. Dessa maneira, oportunizando aos futuros docentes os elementos necessários para que possam promover liberdade na criação de artefatos culturais, por meio da mobilização de ferramentas e estratégias propostas ao longo da formação.
INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PRACTICE IN THE HAND GRIP FORCE-TIME CURVE IN STATINS USERS
Authors: Zanini Gabriel de Souza , Bonfim Mariana Rotta , Locci Bruna , Testa Junior Ademir , Monteiro Henrique Luiz
Published: February 2021

Introduction:Studies on the effect of statins on muscle strength are contradictory, with maeger evidence of the influence in physical activity on the pattern of muscle contraction of its users. Objectives:The objective of the study was to verify the effect of physical activity practice on the force-time curve of handgrip.Method: For this purpose, 40 women (50-75 years) on statins (≥4 months), divided into Statin Sedentary Group (SSG), n = 13), Statin Exercise Group ([SExG], n = 13) and Exercise Group [ExG], n = 14), the biochemical profile, body composition and handgrip strength-time curve were evaluated. Results:The results indicated a significant difference in time to achieve peak force (TFP) between the groups with and without statins (SExG = 2.8 ± 1.0 and GES = 2.5 ± 1.1 vs GEx = 1.5 ± 0, 7), and the percentage of force loss (% FL) between the groups exercised (SExG = 7.8 ± 5.8 vs. ExG = 24.4 ± 20.3). There was a significant significant correlation between exposure to statins and PFT values (r = 0.549), as well as% PF (r = 0.422); There was a moderate and significant inverse correlation between% PF versus PFT (r = -0.568), and between% PF versus final force (r = -0.603). Conclusion:The results suggest that statins may interfere with the values of the hand grip Force-time curve, and physical activity may contribute to attenuate the side effects of the muscle contraction pattern caused by regular use of this medication.
Evaluation of Performance of MLP Neural Networks and RBF Neural Networks in Adjusting Time Series of the Development of the Trade Balance between the USA and the PRC
Authors: Vrbka Jaromir , Suler Petr , Machova Veronika , Horak Jakub
Published: February 2021

Artificial neural networks are widely used for predicting values, for solving possible future problems and are able to provide various solutions in problem estimation, regression or optimisation. They are useful for predicting time series too. The aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate the performance of multilayer neural networks (hereinafter referred to as "MLP") and neural networks of radial basis function (hereinafter referred to as "RBF) in adjusting time series on the example of the trade balance between the United States and the People's Republic of China. Regression was performed using neural structures. We generated multilayer perceptron networks and neural networks of radial basis function and we generated two sets of artificial neural networks. Time was the continuous independent variable. We determined the trade balance of the USA and the PRC as a dependent variable. We can state that due to the great simplification of reality, it is not possible to predict the emergence of extraordinary situations and their impact on the trade balance of the USA and the PRC. We can state that when an adjusted time series is derived from a single variable, time, RBFs perform better than MLPs. In order to make the prediction more accurate and its calculation easier, it seems appropriate to use RBF networks, which brings a relatively high degree of accuracy.
TESTING OF OVERSULFATED CEMENT BASED ON NATURAL POUZZOLANE
Authors: Dimbimalala Mavoniaina RATSARAHASINA  , Hery Mikaela RATSIMBAZAFY  , Jean de Dieu RAMAROSON
Published: February 2021

Currently, cement plants face a major environmental problem due to greenhouse gas emissions during the production of Portland clinker. In order to mitigate this negative impact on the environment, this study aims to partially or completely replace conventional cement with a new type of cement that has properties similar to conventional cements. To enhance local mineral resources, the use of natural pouzzolane is adopted. As this binder is obtained by a mixture of activated natural pouzzolane, gypsum, lime and a small amount of conventional cement, the work is to determine the optimal parameters to obtain the best result, and the value for money. The property of the natural pouzzolane needs to be improved by thermal activation to obtain better activity, a treatment of 2 hours at 500oC was carried out. Then several tests were carried out by varying the different parameters that can influence the characteristics of the cement developed. The best composition determined is 65% pouzzolane, 15% cement, and 5% gypsum. A comparative study was carried out to classify this new type of cement. From a mechanical performance point of view, this oversulphate cement is able in the medium term to compete with the conventional cements produced by the company HOLCIM, and even outperform it in the longer term. In addition, the cost of production and the selling price are lower than those of conventional cements. So the use of this cement in the field of civil engineering can be considered, it has potential and contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Even if the results are sufficient, a thorough study is still needed to improve this type of cement.

KEYWORDS: pouzzolane, clinker, oversulfated cement
RESEARCH ON IMPROVING THE AUTONOMY OF MISSIONS EXECUTED BY
UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES – UAV
Authors: PLESCA Vasile , GHITA Constantin
Published: February 2021

In order to increase the autonomy of missions executed by unmanned ships – UAV, an experimental stand was created to serve in automatically charging Li-Po batteries that charge-up drones with multiple engines, without disconnecting them from the drone support. Generally speaking, the electrical current necessary even for a standard mission is quite high, and a professional charger has a weight of over 800 grams, weight that will diminish a lot the useful weight of the drone. So the solution found will be to create an automatic charger with two modules, that will also include a personalized BMS for charging/discharging the batteries safely. In this paper we will present the research done on various specialized chargers with different powers and various configurations of batteries in order to find an optimal algorithm to be implemented on the experimental stand created.
DIMENSIONAREA UNEI ÎNFĂȘURĂRI DE AMORTIZARE CU AJUTORUL MODELĂRII NUMERICE, PENTRU ATENUAREA OSCILAȚIILOR UNUI ACTUATOR CU UNGHI LIMITAT
Authors: CRAIU Ovidiu , MELCESCU Leonard-Marius , ICHIM Teodor-Ionut
Published: February 2021

"This paper presents a computer-aided-design (CAD) of a dumping coil of an actuator producing a limited angular displacement proportional to intake current. Initially, a 2D FEM magnetic field model was developed for studying and optimizing the actuator. Subsequently, the model was coupled with the dumping coil short circuit and mechanical motion equations describing the dumping process. The rotor dumping was analyzed by modelling the rotor movement from the maximum angle position to zero under spring load action, when no current passes through field coil.
Several practical aspects regarding numerical model built in COMSOL Multiphysics v5.3 are also presented.
Paper purpose: Describing the optimization process of an actuator with limited angle, as well as implementing a magnetic field FEM model coupled with electric circuit and mechanical movement equations.
Elements of originality: 1. Developing a complex numerical FEM model coupled with electric circuit and movement equations. 2. Practical interpretation of the results and experience gained in using such damping solutions for limited angle actuators."
ASPECTE CALITATIVE ȘI CANTITATIVE ALE FENOMENUL DE FEROREZONANȚĂ ÎN INSTALAȚIILE ELECTRICE DE JOASĂ TENSIUNE
Authors: CAZACU Emil , PETRESCU Lucian
Published: February 2021

The phenomenon of ferroresonance is generated by the interaction between nonlinear magnetic devices and capacitive elements in an electrical installation in which losses are reduced and which are constantly supplied by at least one energy source. Feroresonance is manifested by the appearance of overvoltages and overcurrents in the installation with strongly distorted waveforms. Also, the phenomenon is accompanied by other disturbances of the quality of electricity (voltage fluctuations, asymmetries, noise, etc.), which propagate in the network affecting the proper functioning of the entire installation. In addition, unlike linear resonance, ferroresonance allows the manifestation of several stable states (modes) for the same parameters of the network, these being imposed by the initial conditions in the installation and the moment of occurrence of the phenomenon. Thus, the vulnerability to low resonance of a low voltage installation has become an indicator of electricity quality. This paper presents a procedure for calculating and investigating this phenomenon based on the analysis of numerical solutions of systems of differential equations (nonlinear and non-autonomous), which models the transient phenomena that initiate the appearance of ferroresonance (usually switching processes). Also, modern means of investigation are used (3D visualizations in the phase plan or Poincaré diagrams), imposed by the difficulty of the quantitative analysis both in dynamic regime and in stationary regime of ferroresonance. In addition, methods and procedures are proposed to mitigate the effects of the ferroresonance phenomenon on equipment or network elements in electrical distribution installations.