bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fontes fosfatadas e acidez do solo na produção de mudas de Theobroma grandiflorum
Authors: Souza Francisco José Lima de , Galvão Jessivaldo Rodrigues , Viana Thiago Costa , Pacheco Mauro Junior Borges , Oliveira Leonardo de Almeida , Almeida Gabriela Vilhena de , Jesus Andreza Mayra Baena Souza de , Lima Larissa Matos
Published: June 2021

O cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) é uma planta nativa da Amazônia brasileira pertencente à família Malvaceae. É bastante apreciada na região norte do Brasil, principalmente pelo seu sabor e aroma de sua polpa. O objetivo trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de mudas de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) sob adubação fosfatada e correção da acidez do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação localizada no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA), Área de Ciências do solo, da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), município de Belém (PA). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, 3 x 2, distribuídos em 4 repetições, perfazendo um total de 24 unidades experimentais. Os fatores foram: Adubação fosfatada (Superfosfato triplo, superfosfato simples e yoorin); e correção do solo (com e sem calagem). Nas adubações fosfatadas foram aplicados 0,06 g/planta de superfosfato triplo com 43% de P2O5; 0,15 g/planta Yoorin Master 17 % de P2O5 e 0,13 g/planta superfosfato simples 20 % P2O5. Afim de suprir as necessidades nutricionais da planta, também foram aplicados 0,07 g/planta de uréia e cloreto de potássio. A correção do solo foi realizada pelo método de saturação de base, elevando as bases trocáveis do solo a 60%, aplicando-se 8.1 g de calcário dolomítico com o PRNT 92 %, por unidade experimental. As variáveis de resposta avaliadas foram: Altura da planta (AP), diâmetro do caule (DC), número de folhas (NF), área foliar (AF), massa verde de folha (MVF), massa seca de folha (MSF), massa verde de raiz (MVR), massa seca de raiz (MSR), comprimento de raiz (CR). A combinação das adubações fosfatadas e calagem propicia os melhores resultados para as mudas do cupuaçuzeiro. O termofosfato Yoorin com ou sem correção promove resultados satisfatório para a produção de mudas de cupuaçuzeiro. O Superfosfato simples promove resultados satisfatórios em relação a fitometria das mudas de cupuaçuzeiro com e sem correção do solo.
Análisis de indicadores de desarrollo sostenible en el municipio de São João da Ponta/PA
Authors: Pinedo Christian Dávila , Pimentel Marcia Aparecida da Silva
Published: June 2021

Los estudios sobre Índices de Desarrollo Sostenible Municipales (IDSM) han sido muy importantes para comprender las disparidades existentes entre municipios de una misma región. Algunas metodologías de construcción de índices tienen su origen en el análisis de variables y datos obtenidos de institutos oficiales de investigación. Estos constituyen los indicadores fundamentales para los estudios integrados El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el IDSM de un municipio del norte de Brasil, considerando indicadores multidimensionales. El municipio de São João da Ponta está ubicado en la zona costera del Estado de Pará, en la región norte de Brasil. Tiene una superficie de 195.918 km², una población estimada de 6.139 habitantes y una densidad demográfica de 26,87 hab / km². Para este estudio se consideraron tres dimensiones: Social, Económica y Ambiental, las cuales se trabajaron con los datos disponibles en las plataformas virtuales de las agencias, instituciones del Gobierno Federal para realizar el análisis. Finalmente, se encontró que el municipio de São João da Ponta tiene un estado de alerta con un indicador social de 0.44; para la dimensión económica, se encuentra en estado crítico, con 0,19; y en estado de alerta, con 0,43, para la dimensión ambiental. El resultado de la relación entre las tres dimensiones, denominado 'Triple Bottom Line', tuvo un valor de 0,35, lo que pone en alerta al municipio. Se espera que el estudio pueda contribuir a la toma de decisiones por parte de la gestión municipal.
El infinito vaivén. España y América Latina en Finisterre y Solo queda saltar, de María Rosa Lojo
Authors: Lastero Lucila Rosario
Published: June 2021

Finisterre (2005) y Solo queda saltar (2018), de María Rosa Lojo, narran historias de mujeres que enfrentan una doble pertenencia cultural, marcada por España y América Latina. En este trabajo, observaremos los mecanismos simbólicos que dan cuenta de la existencia de esa identidad fluctuante en cada una de las novelas mencionadas, e indagaremos en la posibilidad de una síntesis conciliatoria, a la que llamaremos el “vaivén identitario”.
“O forno está sin pan, o lar sin leña”. Figuraciones de la ausencia en “As viúdas dos vivos e as viúdas dos mortos”, de Rosalía de Castro
Authors: Jones Irene
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo estudia las figuraciones de la ausencia en “As viúdas dos vivos e as viúdas dos mortos” de Rosalía de Castro, uno de los primeros textos poéticos en abordar los alcances de la emigración gallega para la mujer campesina del siglo XIX. A partir de un análisis formal y estilístico de los poemas que integran esta sección del libro Follas novas, se indaga en las representaciones de la ausencia de los hombres y el modo en que el uso de la voz de la viuda logra romper con una visión de la fragilidad femenina, derivando en portavoz del descontento social.
Mujeres ‘transhemisféricas’: Letras de España y América Latina en diálogo
Authors: Sánchez Mariela
Published: June 2021

Presentación del monográfico número 8 de Diablotexto digital, dedicado a investigaciones y estudios críticos que contemplan espacios de convergencias “transhemisféricas” en relación con la obra de mujeres en las que alguna dimensión de un cruce entre España y América Latina deviene una instancia significativa de un proceso de creación o de actuación pública, en tanto mujeres vinculadas con alguna rama de la expresión literaria o artística. Antes de una pormenorizada síntesis de cada artículo, la presentación alude a algunas líneas teóricas y conceptuales que, sin desconocer el alcance de los estudios transatlánticos, interponen la consideración de una perspectiva que involucre otros cruces intervinientes.
(Not) Hosting Refugees in the EU. Philosophical Perspectives on the 2015-2016 Crisis
Authors: Corrales Trillo Bosco
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Were the EU’s actions in terms of refugee hosting during the 2015-2016 crisis morally acceptable? This paper describes those actions and evaluates them from the points of view of philosophers who specialize in the field of asylum ethics, such as Joseph Carens, Matthew Gibney, or David Miller, among others. First, I clarify who, according to such literature, would be entitled to refugee or refugee-like protection. Secondly, I indicate to what those persons would be entitled. Thirdly, I explain why the EU fell short of its moral obligations towards those people, and finally, I advance a few suggestions for improvement.
Resumen: ¿Fue moralmente aceptable la actuación de la UE en cuanto a la acogida de personas refugiadas durante la crisis de 2015-2016? Este artículo describe dichas acciones y las evalúa desde el punto de vista de autores como Joseph Carens, Matthew Gibney o David Miller, entre otros. En primer lugar, aclaro qué personas tendrían derecho a protección internacional según los mencionados autores. En segundo lugar, indico a qué tendrían derecho aquellas personas. En tercer lugar, explico por qué la UE no estuvo a la altura de sus obligaciones morales hacia ellas y, por último, apunto algunas sugerencias de mejora.
Keywords: ethics, refugees, international protection, European Union, ideal and non-ideal theory.
Palabras clave: ética, personas refugiadas, protección internacional, Unión Europea, teoría ideal y no ideal.
Hacia una evaluación de la eficacia intercultural en el profesorado en formación
Authors: Iñiguez-Berrozpe Tatiana , Valero-Errazu Diana , Flecha Ainhoa , Redondo-Sama Gisela
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis exploratorio del concepto de eficacia intercultural en relación con la profesión docente, aplicando la Multicultural Efficacy Scale de Guyton y Wesche (2005), (Escala de Eficacia Intercultural) recogiendo datos de n.=296 estudiantes de último año de Magisterio de Educación Infantil, Primaria y del Máster de Profesorado de Secundaria. Para su análisis se evalúa la incidencia de factores sociodemográficos en los índices de eficacia cultural, y la relación de dependencia entre ellos. Los resultados evidencian la aplicabilidad de la escala; que el profesorado en formación presenta índices elevados tanto en actitud como en eficacia intercultural, pero un escaso conocimiento sobre ello; se demuestra que las variables sociodemográficas inciden en los índices de eficacia intercultural; y cómo la actitud influye en la eficacia intercultural.
«I Can’t Get the Practical Hours»: Care, Course Choice and Role Conflict Among Student-Mothers in Higher Education in Scotland
Authors: Bogossian Thiago
Published: June 2021

Mothers who study at a higher education level face many challenges that traditional students do not. They have less time to study and must negotiate their different commitments and responsibilities, which includes taking care of their children. This article reports on qualitative research conducted with a small group of mothers that study at a prestigious university in Scotland to understand their experiences of belonging to the space of the institution and their perceived learning challenges. Four interviews and one focus group were organised, voice recorded and their transcripts were thematically analysed and engaged with the research questions. It has found that they experience limited support from the institution which is compensated by family and peer support, changes in courses to accommodate their needs and varied levels of emotional distress. Experiences of student-mothers remain largely invisible in scholarly research and higher education policy. Thus, this paper contributes to a bridging of this gap by bringing the voices of student-mothers to the foreground.
Fidel Molina-Luque (2021). El nuevo contrato social entre generaciones. Elogio de la profiguración.
Authors: Sanvicén Torné Paquita
Published: June 2021

reseña del libro  de Fidel Molina-Luque
La imatge triomfal de sant Miquel i la propaganda del poder en la cultura festiva. Història de les festes d’acció de gràcies celebrades a València el 1711 per les victòries felipistes a Brihuega i Villaviciosa durant la Guerra de Successió
Authors: Olivares Torres Enric
Published: June 2021

L’article analitza la connexió simbòlica establerta a través de l’espectacle festiu entre la imatge del príncep de la milícia celestial, sant Miquel, i la del rei Felip V. La finalitat d’aquesta unió a través de la literatura, la imatge i la festa tenia com a objectiu principal el reforçament de la posició privilegiada del monarca com a enviat de Déu al temps que legitimava, a través de la seua visualitat i davant els seus vassalls, el poder absolut d’una monarquia que havia hagut de disputar en el camp de batalla. D’altra banda, la celebració d’una festa d’acció de gràcies per les victòries de Brihuega i Villaviciosa el 1711 esdevingué l’escenari idoni per a l’exhibició de mostres sinceres de lleialtat i fidelitat cap al monarca per part de la ciutat de València. La celebració valentina s’emmarcava  en el context d’una Guerra de Successió que estava a punt de resoldre’s a favor del Borbó.
Misoginia e exaltação da mulher em obras literárias clássicas da Coroa de Aragão
Authors: Alexandre Dos Santos Armando
Published: June 2021

Resumo: O processo de valorização da condição feminina, que apresentava um progresso discreto, mas promissor na primeira metade do século XIII, retrocedeu nos séculos seguintes de modo não linear nem uniforme. Ao mesmo tempo que o chamado “amour courtois” se manifestava nos estratos superiores da sociedade e as mulheres, idealizadas, começavam a receber um tratamento menos brutal do que em outros tempos mais antigos, também se desenvolveu, a nível teórico e psicológico, uma mentalidade de desprezo e condenação da mulher. Duas obras literárias clássicas da Coroa de Aragão XV dão um exemplo muito claro dessa duplicidade contraditória. Em Lo Somni (1399), um capítulo é clara e agressivamente misógino, enquanto mulheres exemplares são celebradas e glorificadas em outro capítulo. Em Curial e Güelfa (c. 1448), o protagonismo feminino é notório, mas várias passagens são extremamente críticas em relação às mulheres, bordejando a misoginia.  Palavras-chave: Condição feminina, misoginia, literatura catalã, Lo Somni, Curial e GüelfaAbstract: The process of valorization of the feminine condition, that presented a discreet and promising progress in the first half of the 13th century, regressed in the following centuries in a non-linear and uniform manner. At the same time that the so-called “amour courtois” developed in the upper strata of society and idealized women began to receive less brutal treatment than in earlier times, a mentality also developed, on a theoretical and psychological level, of contempt and condemnation of women. Two classic literary works of the Crown of Aragon give a very clear example of this contradictory duplicity. In “Lo Somni” (1399), one chapter is clearly and aggressively misogynistic, while exemplary women are celebrated and glorified in the other chapter. In “Curial e Gelfa” (c. 1448), the female role is notorious, but several passages are extremely critical of women, bordering on misogyny. Keywords: female condition, misogyny, catalan literature, The Dream, Curial and Guelfa
Hopera de citraria de falcone pellegrine et gentile d’Alfonso Caracciolo
Authors: Melchor Fenollosa Roser
Published: June 2021

Resum: Editem un tractat de falconeria escrit en italià de Calàbria amb alguns trets catalans i amb vincles amb el grup d’obres de la biblioteca napolitana dels reis d’Aragó. El còdex factici de la Reial Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, amb signatura C-IV-6, conté set documents, un dels quals és l’Hopera de citraria de falcone pellegrine et gentile escrita per Alfonso Caracciolo, que ocupa una extensió de més de 40 fulls. Aquest text segueix la tradició dels tractat medievals i segurament està escrit a finals del segle XV. L’objectiu de l’autor és ensenyar bàsicament a ensinistrar falcons pelegrins i gentils, encara que presenta altres continguts de caràcter cinegètic i es basa, segons l’autor, en l’experiència pròpia.
Paraules clau: tractat de falconeria, Caracciolo, falcons pelegrins, falcons gentils
Abstract: We offer the critical edition of a treatise of falconry written in Italian from Calabria. It also has some Catalan features, and it is linked to a number of texts from the library of Naples belonging to the kings of Aragon. This codex from the Royal Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, being its identification C-IV-6, contains seven documents. One of these documents is Hopera de citraria de falcone pellegrine et gentile (Treatise of falconry of peregrine falcon and gentle hawk) written by Alfonso Caracciolo, having more than 40 pages. This text follows the tradition of medieval treatise, and it was probably written at the end of the 15th century. The aim of the author is to teach to train peregrine falcons and gentle hawks, even though it has other content related to hunting, and it is based on the author’s experience.
Key words: treatise on falconry, Caracciolo, peregrine falcon, gentle hawk
Genealogia femenina en Els jeroglífics i la pedra de Rosetta (1976) de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas
Authors: Cantó Doménech Verònica
Published: June 2021

Resum: L’objectiu d’aquest article és fer una aproximació a la genealogia femenina que transita pel poemari Els jeroglífics i la pedra de Rosetta, amb la finalitat de comprovar que la presència de determinades figures femenines no és casual, sinó que respon a una clara consciència de gènere de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas; així com també verificar que la tipologia femenina s’oposa a un seguit de figures masculines, associades a conceptes d’autoritat i opressió, tan representatius de la visió androcèntrica patriarcal de la societat franquista. A partir de l’anàlisi d’aquest poemari, en el qual l’autora incorpora tot el seu extraordinari bagatge cultural i fa una exhibició de la seua erudició, ens aventurem a oferir una nova perspectiva d’anàlisi basada en l’estudi de la simbologia que amaguen les catorze figures femenines mitològiques presents en l’obra, caracteritzades per trets com la universalitat, la fortalesa o la saviesa, que són recuperades per l’escriptora com a veus del passat que retornen al present amb una gran força evocadora, amb afany de denúncia, per a rescatar-nos del silenci, del buit, de la foscor, per a retornar-nos la consciència, la identitat i la dignitat individual i col·lectiva.Paraules clau: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, figura femenina, mitologia, simbologia, consciència de gènere Abstract: The purpose of this article is to approach female genealogy in the poetry collection Els jeroglífics i la pedra de Rosetta, in order to prove that the presence of certain female figures is not accidental, but rather responds to a clear gender awareness on the part of Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas. The paper also aims to verify that female typology is opposed to a series of male figures, associated with concepts of authority and oppression, representative of the androcentric patriarchal view of the Francoist society. From the analysis of this book of poems, in which the author incorporates all of her extraordinary cultural background and manifests her erudition, we venture to provide inside into the study of the symbology underlying the fourteen mythological female figures present in the work. They are characterized by features such as universality, strength or wisdom, which are recovered by the writer as voices of the past that return to the present with great evocative force and with a desire to denounce, to rescue us from the silence, the emptiness, the darkness, to regain our consciousness, identity and individual and collective dignity. Keywords: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, female figure, mythology, symbolism, gender awareness
Apunts per a una lectura de la poètica de la resistència en Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas i Vicent Andrés Estellés
Authors: Mira Navarro Irene
Published: June 2021

Resum: El present article té per objectiu explorar la poesia dels anys seixanta de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas en contrast amb la de Vicent Andrés Estellés des de l’òptica d’estudi de la «poètica de la resistència» proposada pels autors Cornelia Gräbner i David Wood (2010). D’una banda, analitzarem l’obra dels dos poetes en tant que autors que formen part de la resistència cultural durant els anys de la dictadura per formar part d’una literatura minoritzada. I, d’altra banda, estudiarem com aquesta situació imprenga el contingut dels textos i articula una «poètica de la resistència» en què les veus literàries mostren a través dels versos la seua dissensió ideològica amb l’entorn dictatorial, especialment pel que fa a la reflexió de la consciència social, de gènere i nacional.Paraules clau: poètica de la resistència, poesia, franquisme, política, realisme Abstract: This paper aims to explore the poetry of the 60s of Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas in contrast with the poetry of Vicent Andrés Estellés as an example of «poetics of the resistance» proposed by the authors Cornelia Gräbner and David Wood (2010). On the one hand, we will analyze the work of the two poets like authors that form part of the cultural resistance during the years of the dictatorship because they are part of minoritised literature. On the other hand, we will study how this situation permeates the content of the texts and articulates a «poetics of resistance». The poetic voices of these authors show through the verses his ideological dissent with the dictatorial frame, especially regarding the reflection of social conscience, gender conscience and national conscience.Keywords: poetics of resistance, poetry, francoism, politics, literary realism
Les hereves de la poesia de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas (o sobre la fractura entre generacions literàries)
Authors: Pozo-Sánchez Begoña
Published: June 2021

Resum: L’obra poètica de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas ha trobat, al llarg del temps, grosses dificultats a l’hora de ser transmesa. Malgrat l’ocultació sistemàtica de la seua producció i els obstacles per poder accedir-hi, les poetes actuals –en general des de la recerca individual i amb un esforç considerable– han pogut amerar-se de la seua poètica i defensar-la com un referent literari. Per a evidenciar aquest procés de recuperació dels referents femenins, hem realitzat una enquesta a vint poetes del panorama poètic actual al país Valencià. A través de les seues reflexions i aportacions hem pogut construir el camí pel qual han transitat a l’hora de descobrir l’escriptura lírica de Sánchez-Cutillas però, sobretot, quin ha estat el procés de reconeixement de la criptogínia que, amb diferència, han patit els discursos creats per les dones.Paraules clau: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, poesia i gènere, poesia actual, genealogies, criptogínia Abstract: The poetic work of Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas has encountered, over time, great difficulties in being transmitted. Despite the systematic concealment of her production and the obstacles to access it, current poets –generally from individual research and with considerable effort– have been able to soak up her poetics and defend it as a literary reference. In order to demonstrate this process of recovery of the feminine referents, we have carried out a survey to twenty poets of the current poetic panorama in the Valencian country. Through their reflections and contributions we have been able to construct the path they have taken when discovering the lyric writing of Sánchez-Cutillas but, above all, how has been the process of recognition of the cryptogyny that, by far, the discourses created by women have suffered.Keywords: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, poetry and gender, current poetry, genealogies, cryptogyny
Aportacions i referències etnopoètiques en l’obra literària de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas
Authors: Borja Sanz Joan
Published: June 2021

Resum: L’obra literària de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas inclou abundants aportacions i referències etnopoètiques que resulten interessants no solament per a l’estudi del folklore, sinó també –i molt especialment– com a elements estratègics en la construcció d’uns discursos memorialístics que adesiara tendeixen a presentar els records objecte de literaturització embolcallats amb una mena de boirina màgica: una espècie de perspectiva difuminada que optimitza la propensió a la meravella de manera que el lector queda contagiat per la presumpta dificultat de la narradora a l’hora de «destriar els fets reals dels fantàstics».Paraules clau: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, Matèria de Bretanya, etnopoètica, rondalles, literatura popular valenciana Abstract: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas’ literary creations include abundant ethnopoetic references. These contributions are interesting not only for the study of folklore and also –and very especially–  as strategic elements in the construction of discourse. The author’s memorialistic prose frequently tends to present memories wrapped in a magical mist: a kind of blurred perspective that optimizes the propensity for wonder. In this way, the reader participates in an atmosphere where it is difficult to «distinguish the real facts from the fantastic». This article studies the contributions and ethnopoetic references present in the literary texts of Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas as an epistemiological option that is considered relevant for a better understanding of the personal, poetic and captivating game of fusions, confusions, effusions and diffusions –on the imprecise and suggestive boundaries between reality, dream, memory, imagination, history and fiction– which, in the last analysis, is the literary work of this singular author.Keywords: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, Matter of Britain, ethnopoetics, folktales, Valencian folk literature
Desastres: velhos e novos desafios para a saúde coletiva
Authors: Rocha Vânia , Londe Luciana R.
Published: June 2021

Secas, inundações, escorregamento de terras, derramamento de óleo, rompimento de barragens e pandemia de Covid-19. Tudo isso faz parte de um conjunto de desastres - causados pelos mais diversos fatores - enfrentados pela população brasileira. O livro da coleção Temas em Saúde amplia os debates sobre essas ocorrências, abordando os desastres que fazem parte da rotina de diversas regiões do país já há bastante tempo, assim como eventos mais recentes, como é o caso da emergência sanitária causada pelo novo coronavírus. Na obra, as biólogas Luciana Londe e Vânia Rocha transitam por interações entre desastres e saúde, apresentam e classificam ameaças naturais e ameaças tecnológicas e discorrem sobre os desafios da saúde coletiva diante desses cenários.
Mapping the endemicity and seasonality of clinical malaria for intervention targeting in Haiti using routine case data
Authors: Cameron Ewan , Young Alyssa J , Twohig Katherine A , Pothin Emilie , Bhavnani Darlene , Dismer Amber , Merilien Jean Baptiste , Hamre Karen , Meyer Phoebe , Le Menach Arnaud , Cohen Justin M , Marseille Samson , Lemoine Jean Frantz , Telfort Marc-Aurèle , Chang Michelle A , Won Kimberly , Knipes Alaine , Rogier Eric , Amratia Punam , Weiss Daniel J , Gething Peter W , Battle Katherine E
Published: June 2021

Towards the goal of malaria elimination on Hispaniola, the National Malaria Control Program of Haiti and its international partner organisations are conducting a campaign of interventions targeted to high-risk communities prioritised through evidence-based planning. Here we present a key piece of this planning: an up-to-date, fine-scale endemicity map and seasonality profile for Haiti informed by monthly case counts from 771 health facilities reporting from across the country throughout the 6-year period from January 2014 to December 2019. To this end, a novel hierarchical Bayesian modelling framework was developed in which a latent, pixel-level incidence surface with spatio-temporal innovations is linked to the observed case data via a flexible catchment sub-model designed to account for the absence of data on case household locations. These maps have focussed the delivery of indoor residual spraying and focal mass drug administration in the Grand’Anse Department in South-Western Haiti.
Presynaptic inhibition of dopamine neurons controls optimistic bias
Authors: Yamagata Nobuhiro , Ezaki Takahiro , Takahashi Takahiro , Wu Hongyang , Tanimoto Hiromu
Published: June 2021

Regulation of reward signaling in the brain is critical for appropriate judgement of the environment and self. In Drosophila, the protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) cluster dopamine neurons mediate reward signals. Here, we show that localized inhibitory input to the presynaptic terminals of the PAM neurons titrates olfactory reward memory and controls memory specificity. The inhibitory regulation was mediated by metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors clustered in presynaptic microdomain of the PAM boutons. Cell type-specific silencing the GABA receptors enhanced memory by augmenting internal reward signals. Strikingly, the disruption of GABA signaling reduced memory specificity to the rewarded odor by changing local odor representations in the presynaptic terminals of the PAM neurons. The inhibitory microcircuit of the dopamine neurons is thus crucial for both reward values and memory specificity. Maladaptive presynaptic regulation causes optimistic cognitive bias.
Alcohol consumption in the general population is associated with structural changes in multiple organ systems
Authors: Evangelou Evangelos , Suzuki Hideaki , Bai Wenjia , Pazoki Raha , Gao He , Matthews Paul M , Elliott Paul
Published: June 2021

Background:

Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with damage to various organs, but its multi-organ effects have not been characterised across the usual range of alcohol drinking in a large general population sample.

Methods:

We assessed global effect sizes of alcohol consumption on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging phenotypic measures of the brain, heart, aorta, and liver of UK Biobank participants who reported drinking alcohol.

Results:

We found a monotonic association of higher alcohol consumption with lower normalised brain volume across the range of alcohol intakes (–1.7 × 10−3 ± 0.76 × 10−3 per doubling of alcohol consumption, p=3.0 × 10−14). Alcohol consumption was also associated directly with measures of left ventricular mass index and left ventricular and atrial volume indices. Liver fat increased by a mean of 0.15% per doubling of alcohol consumption.

Conclusions:

Our results imply that there is not a ‘safe threshold’ below which there are no toxic effects of alcohol. Current public health guidelines concerning alcohol consumption may need to be revisited.

Funding:

See acknowledgements.
A move in response to starvation
Authors: Fausten Rebecca Martina , Bohnert Maria
Published: June 2021

When a yeast cell runs out of fuel, it can increase the flux through a central metabolic pathway by simply changing the location of an enzyme.
Bacterial death and TRADD-N domains help define novel apoptosis and immunity mechanisms shared by prokaryotes and metazoans
Authors: Kaur Gurmeet , Iyer Lakshminarayan M , Burroughs A Maxwell , Aravind L
Published: June 2021

Several homologous domains are shared by eukaryotic immunity and programmed cell-death systems and poorly understood bacterial proteins. Recent studies show these to be components of a network of highly regulated systems connecting apoptotic processes to counter-invader immunity, in prokaryotes with a multicellular habit. However, the provenance of key adaptor domains, namely those of the Death-like and TRADD-N superfamilies, a quintessential feature of metazoan apoptotic systems, remained murky. Here, we use sensitive sequence analysis and comparative genomics methods to identify unambiguous bacterial homologs of the Death-like and TRADD-N superfamilies. We show the former to have arisen as part of a radiation of effector-associated α-helical adaptor domains that likely mediate homotypic interactions bringing together diverse effector and signaling domains in predicted bacterial apoptosis- and counter-invader systems. Similarly, we show that the TRADD-N domain defines a key, widespread signaling bridge that links effector deployment to invader-sensing in multicellular bacterial and metazoan counter-invader systems. TRADD-N domains are expanded in aggregating marine invertebrates and point to distinctive diversifying immune strategies probably directed both at RNA and retroviruses and cellular pathogens that might infect such communities. These TRADD-N and Death-like domains helped identify several new bacterial and metazoan counter-invader systems featuring underappreciated, common functional principles: the use of intracellular invader-sensing lectin-like (NPCBM and FGS), transcription elongation GreA/B-C, glycosyltransferase-4 family, inactive NTPase (serving as nucleic acid receptors), and invader-sensing GTPase switch domains. Finally, these findings point to the possibility of multicellular bacteria-stem metazoan symbiosis in the emergence of the immune/apoptotic systems of the latter.
Disagreement between PCR and serological diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in blood donors from a Colombian endemic region
Authors: García Sánchez Liliana Torcoroma , Aguilar Jiménez Jhancy Rocío , Bueno Marly Yojhana , Moreno Moreno Erika Marcela , Ramírez Herminia , Daza Nelson
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Chagas’ disease is the leading cause of infectious myocarditis worldwide. This infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is usually life-long and asymptomatic; however, the third part of infected people can develop severe or even fatal cardiomyopathy. As the parasitemia in the chronic phase is both low-grade and intermittent, T. cruzi infection is principally detected by serology, although this method has sensitivity and specificity limitations.Objective: To determine the level of agreement between serologic and molecular tests in 658 voluntary blood donors from six provinces in the Colombian department of Santander.Materials and methods: We evaluated an array of diagnostic technologies by cross-section sampling performing a serological double diagnostic test for T. cruzi antibody detection (Chagas III ELISA™, BiosChile Group, and ARCHITECT Chagas CMIA™, Abbott), and DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We collected the demographic, clinical, and epidemiological information of participants. The sample size was calculated using Epidat™ and the statistical analysis was done with Stata 12.1™.Results: PCR was six times more sensitive in detecting T. cruzi infection than ELISA/CMIA with prevalence values of 1.8% (12/658) and 0.3% (2/658), respectively, and kappa=0.28 (95%CI: -0.03 - 0.59). In contrast, serology showed a sensitivity of 16.7% (95%CI: 2.09 - 48.4) and a specificity of 100% (95%CI: 99.4 - 100). All seropositive samples were found to be positive by PCR.Conclusions: The implementation of PCR as a complementary method for screening donors could reduce the probability of false negative and the consequent risk of transfusional-transmission of Chagas’ disease, especially in endemic regions.
Microscopic and molecular evaluation of Strongyloides venezuelensis in an experimental life cycle using Wistar rats
Authors: Tobar Jairo , Ramos Sarmiento Daniel , Tayupanta Diana , Rodríguez Melina , Aguilar Fabián
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Strongyloides venezuelensis is a nematode whose natural host is rats. It is used as a model for the investigation of human strongyloidiasis caused by S. stercoralis. The latter is a neglected tropical disease in Ecuador where there are no specific plans to mitigate this parasitic illness.Objective: To evaluate the stages of S. venezuelensis in an experimental life cycle using Wistar rats.Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were used to replicate the natural biological cycle of S. venezuelensis and describe its morphometric characteristics, as well as its parasitic development. Furthermore, the production of eggs per gram of feces was quantified using two diagnostic techniques and assessment of parasite load: Kato-Katz and qPCR.Results: Viable larval stages (L1, L2, L3) could be obtained up to 96 hours through fecal culture. Parthenogenetic females were established in the duodenum on the fifth day postinfection. Fertile eggs were observed in the intestinal tissue and fresh feces where the production peak occurred on the 8th. day post-infection. Unlike Kato-Katz, qPCR detected parasitic DNA on days not typically reported.Conclusions: The larval migration of S. venezuelensis within the murine host in an experimental environment was equivalent to that described in its natural biological cycle. The Kato-Katz quantitative technique showed to be quick and low-cost, but the qPCR had greater diagnostic precision. This experimental life cycle can be used as a tool for the study of strongyloidiasis or other similar nematodiasis.
Guiclupea superstes, gen. et sp. nov., the youngest ellimmichthyiform (clupeomorph) fish to date from the Oligocene of South China
Authors: Chen Gengjiao , Chang Mee-mann , Wu Feixiang , Liao Xiaowen
Published: June 2021

A new ellimmichthyiform,Guiclupea superstes, gen. et sp. nov., from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Ningming Basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China is described herein. With relatively large body size, parietals meeting at the midline, anterior ceratohyal with a beryciform foramen in the center, a complete predorsal scutes series of very high number and about equally-size scutes with radiating ridges on dorsal surface, first preural centrum unfused with first uroneural but fused with the parhypural, and first ural centrum of roughly the same size as the preural centrum,Guiclupea superstescannot be assigned to the order Clupeiformes. The phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and Bayesian inference methods withChanos/Elopsas outgroup respectively suggests that the new form is closer to ellimmichthyiform genusDiplomystusthan to any other fishes, although there are some discrepancies between the two criteria and different outgroups used. It shares withDiplomystusthe high supraoccipital crest, pelvic-fin insertion in advance of dorsal fin origin, and the number of predorsal scutes more than 20. The new form represents the youngest ellimmichthyiform fish record in the world. Its discovery indicates that the members of the Ellimmichthyiformes had a wider distribution range and a longer evolutional history than previously known.
Structural variation and evolution of chloroplast tRNAs in green algae
Authors: Qi Fangbing , Zhao Yajing , Zhao Ningbo , Wang Kai , Li Zhonghu , Wang Yingjuan
Published: June 2021

As one of the important groups of the core Chlorophyta (Green algae), Chlorophyceae plays an important role in the evolution of plants. As a carrier of amino acids, tRNA plays an indispensable role in life activities. However, the structural variation of chloroplast tRNA and its evolutionary characteristics in Chlorophyta species have not been well studied. In this study, we analyzed the chloroplast genome tRNAs of 14 species in five categories in the green algae. We found that the number of chloroplasts tRNAs of Chlorophyceae is maintained between 28–32, and the length of the gene sequence ranges from 71 nt to 91 nt. There are 23–27 anticodon types of tRNAs, and some tRNAs have missing anticodons that are compensated for by other types of anticodons of that tRNA. In addition, three tRNAs were found to contain introns in the anti-codon loop of the tRNA, but the analysis scored poorly and it is presumed that these introns are not functional. After multiple sequence alignment, the Ψ-loop is the most conserved structural unit in the tRNA secondary structure, containing mostly U-U-C-x-A-x-U conserved sequences. The number of transitions in tRNA is higher than the number of transversions. In the replication loss analysis, it was found that green algal chloroplast tRNAs may have undergone substantial gene loss during the course of evolution. Based on the constructed phylogenetic tree, mutations were found to accompany the evolution of the Green algae chloroplast tRNA. Moreover, chloroplast tRNAs of Chlorophyceae are consistent with those of monocotyledons and gymnosperms in terms of evolutionary patterns, sharing a common multi-phylogenetic pattern and rooted in a rich common ancestor. Sequence alignment and systematic analysis of tRNA in chloroplast genome of Chlorophyceae, clarified the characteristics and rules of tRNA changes, which will promote the evolutionary relationship of tRNA and the origin and evolution of chloroplast.
High PHD Finger Protein 19 (PHF19) expression predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Pengfei , Sun Jie , Ruan Yuanyuan , Song Lujun
Published: June 2021

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer all around the world, and it seriously threats human health. PHF19 has been proved to be closely related to the prognosis of patients in a variety of malignant tumors, but the effect of PHF19 on the prognosis evaluation of CRC patients has not been confirmed.

Methods

In our study, we used GEO, TCGA database and IHC to verify the PHF19 expression in CRC samples. Survival analysis of PHF19 based on TCGA, GEO series, and our own CRC sample were performed. Cox regression was performed to reveal the relationship between PHF19 and prognosis. Co-expression was performed to find genes related to PHF19 expression. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis and GSEA analysis were used to confirm the most relevant signal pathway to PHF19. Next, cell experiments were performed to verify the effect of PHF19 on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC. Then, Western blot was used to verify the protein expression of the above two phenotypes. Finally, tumor formation experiments in nude mice were used to verify the role of PHF19 of tumor proliferation in vivo.

Results

We found that PHF19 was significantly over-expressed in tumors compared with normal tissues. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) analysis indicated that high PHF19 in CRC associated with poor overall survival (OS) in CRC patients. Clinical correlation analysis showed that high expression of PHF19 was closely related to t umor progression in CRC patients, especially infiltration and metastasis. Bioinformatics revealed that PHF19 might affect tumor malignant phenotype by regulating the cell cycle in CRC. CCK-8 and clonal formation experiment showed that the proliferative ability of tumor cells was promoted. Flow cytometry showed that the cell cycle accelerated the transition from G1 to S phase. Western blot found that Cyclin D1, CDK4, and CDK6 expression were up-regulated. Transwell and wound-healing experiment found that invasive and migratory abilities was promoted after the over-expression of PHF19. Western blot showed that the expression of key proteins of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) changed. Tumor formation experiments in nude mice showed that overexpression of PHF19 could promote tumor proliferation in vivo.

Conclusion

Our research proved that PHF19 could be an independent prognostic factor for CRC, PHF19 promoted the proliferative ability and the invasion and metastasis of CRC by up-regulating the expression of key molecules related to cell cycle and EMT pathway in vitro, promoting tumor proliferation in vivo.
Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Blood Pressure and Stress Responses in Adults with Prehypertension
Authors: Lee Shinae , Park Hyojung
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of auricular acupressure (AA) on blood pressure (BP) and stress responses in adults with prehypertension.Methods: This single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020. Participants were recruited through bulletin board notices in D city. The experimental group (n=27) received 8 weeks of AA intervention on specific acupoints (shenmen, kidney, heart, occiput, adrenal gland) to reduce blood pressure and stress, whereas the control group (n=25) received AA unspecific acupoints (helix 1-5). The outcomes were measured using BP, perceived stress scale (PSS), cortisol, and heart rate variability (HRV). Collected data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, chi-square, Shapiro-Wilk normality test, paired t-test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test with the SPSS/WIN 24.0.Results: Statistical differences were found between the groups for systolic BP (x2=85.64, p<.001), diastolic BP (x2=27.76, p=.001), PSS (F=9.439, p=.003), low frequency (F=5.22, p=.027), heart rate (F=3.208, p=.045), and HRV index (F=3.579, p=.035). Cortisol did not differ significantly between the experimental group and control group.Conclusion: The findings show that AA leads to improvements in BP and stress responses in adults with prehypertension. Therefore, AA can be used as an alternative nursing intervention for hypertension prevention and stress management.
Organizational Culture, Awareness, and Nursing Practice of Infection Control among Nurses in the Emergency Departments
Authors: Lee Mi Young , Park Jin-Hee
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Hospital-acquired infections, common in developing countries, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This study was done to examine the effects of organizational culture and awareness of infection control on nursing practice of infection control by nurses working in emergency departments.Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted with 135 nurses from the emergency department of a hospital. Data were collected from December 23, 2019, to January 14, 2020, using a structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 18.0.Results: The mean score of organizational culture, awareness, nursing practice of infection control were 5.56±0.78 out of 7, 4.66±0.36 out of 5 and 4.51±0.38 out of 5, respectively. The multiple regression analysis demonstrated that awareness and organizational culture of infection control accounted for 43% of the nursing practice of infection control.Conclusion: Study findings showed that there is a significant correlation between organizational culture, awareness, and nursing practice of infection control in the emergency department. Therefore, to improve nursing practices infection control in the emergency department, efforts should be made to promote infection control by developing education programs that can improve infection control awareness as well as strategies for a positive organizational culture.
Effectiveness of Integrated Change Model-based Smoking Cessation Program for High School Students
Authors: Lee Hae Seon , Kim Su Hyun
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop and to evaluate the effectiveness of the I-change model-based smoking cessation program for vocational high school students.Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted. Fifty seven participants from a vocational high school in U city, South Korea participated in the study which was done during March and April 2019. The I-change model-based smoking cessation programs was developed focusing on enhancing awareness, motivation, and ability to stop smoking for use by high school students. The experimental group completed 8 sessions of the I-change model-based smoking cessation program over 4 weeks, while the control group participated in the general school smoking cessation program. Data were analyzed using x2 test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and ANCOVA with the IBM SPSS 25.0 program.Results: After the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher levels of awareness about smoking cessation and self-efficacy, better attitude toward cons of smoking, and more change in the stage of behavior than the control group. There was no significant difference in attitude toward pros of smoking between the two groups.Conclusion: The I-change model-based smoking cessation program is an effective intervention to improve motivation and change in the stage of behavior for adolescents in vocational high schools. The program will contribute to health education for smoking cessation in vocational high schools.
Factors Affecting Interpersonal Competence of Nursing Students: Focused on Self-Assertiveness and Empathy
Authors: Choi Jihea , Yoon Heun Keung , Kim Dahye , Kang Minju , Park Minji , Um Sohui , Kim Youngkyu , Kim Eunsim
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Interpersonal competence, a key competence for patient-centered care by nurses, should be understood. Therefore, factors influencing the interpersonal competence of nursing students should be identified to explore and enhance their interpersonal relationships during the undergraduate educational curriculum for nursing educators. In this study factors influencing interpersonal competence, especially on self-assertiveness and empathy in nursing students were identified and analysed.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used for the study in two Korean nursing colleges with similar baccalaureate nursing curricula. A total of 251 nursing students from freshman to senior year completed a questionnaire to measure related factors that were assumed to influence nursing students’ interpersonal competence. Data were collected from October 11~31, 2016. Study variables included self-assertiveness, empathy, interpersonal competence, and socio-demographic status. Multiple regression analysis was used for data analysis.Results: Nursing students’ interpersonal competence was explained by personality (β=.22), self-assertiveness (β=.16) and empathy (β=.38). The explanatory power of these predictors was 26.8% (p<.001).Conclusions: Nursing students’ interpersonal competence during the undergraduate nursing years can be enhanced by educational strategies that improve their interpersonal relationship as patient-centered care providers. Simultaneously, the attitude of the nurse educator is also important for nursing students who are to be treated as valuable learners and to improve students' empathy and self-assertiveness ability.