bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examples of Weak, If Not Absent, Form-Function Relations in the Vertebrate Heart
Authors: Jensen Bjarke , Smit Theodoor
Published: August 2018

That form and function relates, is the maxim to anatomy and physiology. Yet form-function relations can be difficult to establish. Human subjects with excessive trabeculated myocardium in the left ventricle, for example, are diagnosed with non-compaction cardiomyopathy, but the extent of trabeculations may be without relation to ejection fraction. Rather than rejecting a relation between form and function, we may ask whether the salient function is assessed; is there a relation to electrical propagation, mean arterial blood pressure, propensity to form blood clots, or all? And how should extent of trabeculated muscle be assessed? While reviewing literature on trabeculated muscle, we applied Tinbergen’s four types of causation - how does it work, why does it work, how is it made, and why did it evolve - to better parse what is meant by form and function. The paper is structured around cases that highlight advantages and pitfalls of applying Tinbergen’s questions. It further uses the evolution of lunglessness in amphibians to argue lung reduction can impact on chamber septation, and it considers the evolution of an arterial outflow in fishes to argue that reductions in energy consumption may drive structural changes with little consequences to function. Concerning trabeculations, we argue they relate to pump function in the embryo in the couple of weeks before the onset of coronary circulation. In fetal and postnatal stages, a spectrum of trabeculated-to-compact myocardium makes no difference to cardiac function and in this period form and function may appear unrelated.
Attitudes and Recommendations of Physicians towards Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: A Perspective from Argentina
Authors: Lopez Santi Ricardo , Haseeb Sohaib , Alexander Bryce , D’Ovidio Adrian , Gimenez Sergio , Secotaro Carlos , Martinez Demaria Diego , Pupi Luis Maria , Costantini Sonia , Piskorz Daniel , Amarilla Alejandro , Lorenzatti Alberto , Gutierrez Narcisa , Hopman Wilma , Baranchuk Adrian
Published: August 2018

Despite epidemiological findings of improvements in cardiovascular risk factors with a light-to-moderate intake of alcohol, many misconceptions remain regarding alcohol intake and the risks and benefits of consumption. We sought to examine physician attitudes and recommendations regarding alcohol intake in a cohort of Argentine physicians and to establish their sources of knowledge. An online national survey was distributed through the Argentine Federation of Cardiology (FAC) to cardiologists, internal medicine specialists, general and other subspecialty physicians in Argentina. The survey was completed by 745 physicians, of whom 671 (90%) were cardiologists. In total, 35% of physicians viewed moderate alcohol intake to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, 36% believed only wine offered such benefits, 24% viewed any intake to be harmful, and 5% had other opinions. More than half (57%) self-reported their knowledge to come from academic sources. Regarding knowledge of drinking guidelines, only 41% of physicians were aware of the concept of ‘standard drink’. Physicians were generally not comfortable converting ‘standard drinks’ into other metric units, however men tended to be more comfortable than women (p=0.052). Physicians were not satisfied with their knowledge of drinking guidelines (3.01 ± 2.73, on a 0-10 scale). Physicians were generally comfortable in counselling patients regarding safe-limits of consumption (6.22 ± 3.20, on a 0-10 scale). Argentine physicians were not satisfied with their knowledge of alcohol consumption guidelines or their understanding of the reported metrics. Only one-third of study participants viewed moderate alcohol intake as beneficial for cardiovascular health. This study shows the necessity to optimize the sources of knowledge.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for the Prediction of Infiltration Process
Authors: Singh Balraj , Sihag Parveen , Parsaie Abbas , Angelaki Anastasia
Published: August 2018

Infiltration process was analysed using predictive models of Multi-Linear regression (MLR), Random Forest regression (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), M5P tree and their performances were compared with empirical model: Kostiakov model. These models were assessed using field dataset containing 340 observations. Field experimental data was implemented for training and testing the above models and their outcomes were assessed with the help of suitable performance assessment parameters. The RF based models performs batter than other models with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) equal to 0.9963 and 0.9904 for the training and testing stages, correspondingly. ANN, MLR and M5P model also gives a good prediction performance. Sensitivity investigation suggests that the parameters, cumulative time and moisture content in the soil are the most effective parameters for the assessment of cumulative infiltration of soil..
1-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methanamine
Authors: Shimoga Ganesh , Shin Eun-Jae , Kim Sang-Youn
Published: August 2018

1-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methanamine compound has been successfully synthesized by reacting p-Toluic hydrazide and glycine via polyphosphoric acid condensation route. The course of the reaction was found to be high yielding and the title compound was spectroscopically characterized by FT-IR, DSC, 13C/1H-NMR and Mass spectrometric techniques.
Cudratricusxanthone L Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-induced Activation of BV2 and Primary Rat Microglial Cells by Inhibiting JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Kim Dong-Cheol , Quang Tran Hong , Oh Hyuncheol , Kim Youn-Chul
Published: August 2018

Neuroinflammatory responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammatory reactions to neuronal injury are modulated by microglial cells, which are vital innate immune cells in the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells release proinflammatory cytokines, mediators, and neurotoxic factors that induce fatal neuronal injury. The present study investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of cudratricusxanthone L (1), which was isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata. This compound reduced the levels of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-12. These effects suggested that cudratricusxanthone L (1) suppressed the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Specifically, cudratricusxanthone L (1) also attenuated the phosphorylation of Jun kinase and inhibited p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in BV2 and rat primary microglial cells. These results indicated that cudratricusxanthone L (1) effectively repressed neuroinflammatory processes in BV2 and rat primary microglial cells by inhibiting NF-κB and the MAPK signaling pathway.
Targeted Nanotherapy for Cognitive Impairment:  Blocking Amyloid-β-Induced Membrane Damage in Brain Tissue
Authors: D'Arrigo Joseph
Published: August 2018

A frequent co-morbidity of cerebrovascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease pathology has been observed over past decades. Accordingly, much evidence has been reported which indicates that microvascular endothelial dysfunction, due to cerebrovascular risk factors (e.g., atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, aging), precedes cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and contributes to its pathogenesis. By incorporating appropriate drug(s) into biomimetic (lipid cubic phase) nanocarriers, one obtains a multitasking combination therapeutic which targets certain cell-surface scavenger receptors, mainly class B type I (i.e., SR-BI), and crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Such targeting allows for various Alzheimer's-related cell types to be simultaneously searched out, in vivo, for localized drug treatment. This in vivo targeting advantage may be particularly important for repurposing an FDA-approved drug, especially one which has shown the added ability to restore some cognitive functions in certain animal models of Alzheimer's disease (e.g., the anticancer drug bexarotene); this (candidate repurposing) drug up to now, by itself (i.e, without nanocarrier), displayed poor CNS penetration in human subjects.
كسرة همزة "إن" فى القرآن الكريم سورتي البقرة والقصص
Authors: Fahmi Ari Khairurrijal
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The objective of this research is to acquire deep understanding of the "Kasrah Hamzah Inna"  on Alquran Alkareem Albaqarah and Alqashas Epistles,  which consist of 149 verses. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative  method using content analysis of the verses of quran.  The result showed that there are 97 % the "Kasrah" was compulsory, and 3% was uncompulsory. The most verses appear with "Inna" is in the beginning of the kalimah, and after the verb "Qaul" . The 97% of  kasratu inna is a compulsory ,its  divided into five: 1. At the beginning of the sentence amounted to 80 (54%) (and it is divided into 5; a.hakikat it was 13 (16%), b,hokum it was  3 (4%), c.ibtidaiyah it was  12 (15%), d. isti'nafiyyah it was 12 (15%), e. ta'liliyyah  40 (50%)). 2. After the Conjunction it was 1 (1%). 3. After the answer of  oath sentence  it was  1 (1%). 4. After the words amounted to 31 (21%). After the sentence torch circumstances it was  5 (4%). Meanwhile, the position of non compulsory kasratu Hamzah inna was founden  after faa aljazaa,  only 5 times (3%). The results show  that many types of kasrah hamzah inna was founded in  albaqarah and alqashas.
أشهر المصطلحات ذات العلاقة بتعليم اللغة العربية (النظريات في اكتساب اللغة وتعلمها)
Authors: Andini Siti Badriyah
Published: August 2018

التجريد

هذا البحث لوصف أشهر المصطلحات ذات العلاقة بتعليم اللغة العربية (النظريات في اكتساب اللغة وتعلمها). والطريقة المستخدمة في هذا البحث هي الطريقة التحليلية الوصفية و هي من البحث النوعي من خلال لمصطلحات ذات العلاقة بتعليم اللغة العربية (النظريات في اكتساب اللغة وتعلمها). تعددت النظريات التي استنتجها العديد من علماء اللغة وحتى علماء النفس من تجاربهم المتنوعة منذ حقب بعيدة. وكل نظرية تتميز  بميزاتها الخصة بها، وذلك سعيا إلى تيسير معلمي اللغة –خاصة معلمي لغة كاللغة الثانية- لإعداد الجو الصفي الذي يناسب المتعلمين وأيضا تيسير المتعلمين للاستلهام من  هذه النظرية في اكتساب وتطوير لغتهم. فليس هناك التردد في القول أن هذه النظريات أمر لابد للراغبين في تعلم اللغة معرفتها بشكل جيد،كي تحقق ما تتمناه من دراسة اللغة.
التشابه والإختلاف في الأصوات باللغة العربية والجاوية (الدراسة التقابلية في اللغة العربية والإندونيسة)
Authors: Mutiara Sarah
Published: August 2018

التجريد يهدف هذا البحث لمعرفة التشابه وا لختلاف في الأصوات باللغة العربية والجاوية. البحث يستخدم طريقة ال تقابل اللغوي مع أساليب البيانات الولية و البيانات الثانوية.هناك بعض التشابهات في الصوت بالعربية والجاوية. اللغة العربية واللغة الجاوية لديها بعض التشابة من الأصوات الصائتة. وبين اللغتين أيضا بعض من نفس الأصوات الصامتة. هناك بعض اختلافات في الصوت باللغة العربية والجاوية. اللغة العربية واللغة الجاوية لديها بعض المختلفة من الأصوات الصائتة. وبين اللغتين أيضا بعض اختلافات من الأصوات الصامتة. واللغة العربية لديها أنصاف الحركات، وفي حين ان اللغة الجاوية ليست لديها أنصاف الحركات. بعض الختلافات والتشابهات بين اللغتين يجعل متكلمين استخدامها اللغة المصدر (الجاوية) وجدت صعوبة في تعلم اللغة الأهداف واستخدام العربية. ولذلك هناك التنبؤ با لأخطاء والصعوبات للمتكلمين. الطريقة في التنبؤ بالصعوبات هي مقارنة الأصوات اللغتين.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Jauregui Julio J. , Nadarajah Vidushan , Shield William P. , Henn R. Frank , Gilotra Mohit , Hasan S. Ashfaq
Published: August 2018

* The most common indication for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is primary rotator cuff tear arthropathy.

* Indications for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty have expanded beyond rotator cuff tear arthropathy to include other pathologies such as irreparable rotator cuff tears, glenohumeral arthritis with an intact rotator cuff, acute proximal humeral fractures, the sequelae of proximal humeral fractures, neoplasms of the proximal part of the humerus, inflammatory arthropathies, and failed total shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty.

* Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty continues to have high rates of complications, which include instability, infection, scapular notching, neurologic injury, and component loosening, among others.
Analysis of Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. cheiranthifolium stem and flowers
Authors: Dalar Abdullah , Bengu Aydin Sukru , Allahverdiyev Oruc
Published: August 2018

Within this study phytochemical composition,
antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of extracts obtained from stem and
flower of Verbascum cheiranthifolium var.
cheiranthifolium were analysed. Both
of the extracts were detected as rich sources of phenolics (verbascoside and
luteolin hexoside), various volatile and fatty acid compounds. Luteolin
hexoside rich stem extract had pronounced FCR, FRAP and α-glucosidase inhibitory
activities. Flower extract had high levels of ORAC assay and effectively
suppressed activity of pancreatic lipase enzyme, which was rich in verbascoside
compound. Phenolic compounds and volatile compounds present in the extracts
might be the main contributors of antioxidant capacity and enzyme inhibitory
activities of the stem and flower extracts. Pronounced
antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities and rich bioactive composition
determined in this study reveal that Verbascum
cheiranthifolium var. cheiranthifolum
extracts might be a good source for natural health attributing sources.
Molecular identification and phytochemical profiling of kamiling (wild toxic plant) using thin layer chromatography
Authors: DE LEON Dana Theresa C. , AQUİNO John Dave C. , VALENTİNO Mary Jhane G. , UNDAN Jerwin R.
Published: August 2018

Some
plants may only be known by the people in their own respective place.
Consequently, there is a need for the authentication and further study of wild
toxic plant known by indigenous people. The genomic DNA from the leaves of the
plant Kamiling collected in Imugan, Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines was
extracted and amplified using matK
and rbcL gene markers. Sample sequences was queried on
GenBank using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) revealed that the
sample sequences were identified as Semecarpus
cuneiformis using both on matK and
rbcL markers. The leaves of Kamiling was subjected through
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and it revealed important phytochemicals such
as alkaloids, coumarins,
anthraquinones, anthrones, tannins, flavonoids, higher alcohols, phenols,
steroids and essential oils. Since there
is a growing awareness in correlating the phytochemical constituents of plants
with their pharmacological activity, wild toxic plant can be one of the
preferences for medicinal uses.
Interior noise and vibration prediction of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Qian Kun , Wang Jintian , Gao Yang , Sun Qiang , Liang Jie
Published: August 2018

Electric vehicles (EV) are considerably quieter than internal combustion engine (ICE) powered vehicles, because noise of ICE is eliminated. However, the interior noise of an EV usually contains significant high-frequency noise components caused by electrical motor, which can be subjectively perceived as annoying and unpleasant. This paper describes a numerical model to predict interior acoustic noise caused by electromagnetic forces in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for electric vehicles. Firstly, the principle of the multiphysics method is to establish a complete 3Dstructural finite element model (FEM) of motor. Based on FEM, natural frequency and modal shape were calculated by modal analysis. Secondly, using an electromagnetic finite element solver, the excitation due to electromagnetic phenomena is obtained. This excitation is then projected onto the structure mesh of motor in order to calculate the dynamic response. Thirdly, radiated electromagnetic vibration acceleration on the surface of the motor is calculated with modal superposition method. Compared with experimental test results, the creditability of motor electromagnetic vibration simulation is proved. Finally, by combining with transfer path analysis (TPA) techniques, interior electromagnetic noise of electric vehicles is accurately predicted. According to contribution analysis, motor surface zones and transfer paths contributing largely to the interior motor electromagnetic noise are identified. The results play a significant guiding role in both electric vehicle and permanent magnet synchronous motor for noise control and analysis.
Influence of shaft torsional stiffness on natural characteristics of four-stage main transmission system in three-engine helicopter
Authors: Chen Yuan , Zhu Ru Peng , Xiong Ye Ping , Jin Guang Hu
Published: August 2018

Four-stage main helicopter transmission system occupies several strong points like good carrying capacity and is addressed by many scholars. However, the influence of variable parameters on natural characteristics in a three-engine helicopter, is not to be investigated, according to the limited published issues. Thus, in the study, a vibration model of the four-stage main helicopter transmission system is established through the lumped mass method. In the model, many factors, including time-varying meshing stiffness and torsional stiffness of gear shaft are considered. The differential equation of the system is solved via the Fourier method, 27-orders natural frequency and modal shape corresponded by each degree of freedom (DOF) of the system are obtained. The influence of the shaft torsional stiffness on the first five orders of the system natural frequency is studied. Besides, the impact of the matching relationship of key shafts’ torsional stiffness on the system stability is analyzed. These contributions would improve modification developments of four-stage deceleration helicopter in future.
Semi analytical solution of a rigid pavement under a moving load on a Kerr foundation model
Authors: Alisjahbana Sofia W. , Alisjahabana Irene , Kiryu Shota , Gan Buntara S.
Published: August 2018

This paper analyzes the dynamic response of assumedly rigid road pavement under a constant velocity of traffic loads moving on its surface. The model of the rigid road pavement is a damped rectangular orthotropic plate which is supported by an elastic Kerr foundation. Semi-analytical solutions of the dynamic deflection of an orthotropic plate, with semi rigid boundary conditions are presented by using governing differential equations. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system are then, solved by using the modified Bolotin method considering two transcendental equations as the results of solving the solution of two auxiliaries Levy’s plate type problems. The moving traffic loads modeled by varying the amplitudes of dynamic transverse concentrated loads harmonically. Numerical studies on the soil types, foundation stiffness models, varying constant velocities and loading frequencies are conducted to show the effects of the dynamic response behaviors of the plates. The results show that the dynamic responses of the rigid road pavement influenced significantly by the type foundation stiffness models and velocity of the moving load.
Diseño metodológico para la estructuración de portafolios de inversión según el perfil de riesgo del inversionista
Authors: Durango-Gutiérrez María Patricia , Delgado-Vélez Luis David
Published: August 2018

El alto nivel de desarrollo cuantitativo que está siendo aplicado en la creación de portafolios de inversión en el mercado financiero, permite desarrollar metodologías basadas en criterios y en modelos matemáticos ajustados a la realidad económica que logre minimizar pérdidas y obtener un mayor beneficio económico esperado por el inversionista. El objetivo del artículo consiste en definir una metodología para la creación de unos portafolios de inversión, según el perfil de riesgo del inversionista para portafolios con múltiples activos y que a través del valor en riesgo permiten simular la optimización del portafolio y generar mayor rentabilidad. Al determinar que el portafolio está compuesto por acciones de diferentes empresas colombianas y en distintos sectores económicos, y a través del monitoreo permite incorporar un análisis de los riesgos financieros a los cuales están expuestos los inversionistas, permitiendo reducir la probabilidad de pérdida que afecte el patrimonio u originada por cambios y/o movimientos adversos en los factores de riesgo que afectan el precio o valor final.
Understanding urban stormwater denitrification in bioretention internal water storage zones
Authors: Igielski Sara , Kjellerup Birthe V. , Davis Allen P.
Published: August 2018

Conventional free‐draining bioretention systems promote nitrate production and continual leaching to receiving waters. In this study, laboratory tests demonstrated the efficacy of an internal water storage zone (IWSZ) to target nitrate removal via denitrification. Experimental results confirmed that the carbon substrate characteristics (Willow Oak woodchip media) and the hydraulic retention time of nitrified stormwater affected nitrate removal performance. A 2.6‐day batch treatment time reduced 3.0 mg‐N/L to <0.01 mg/L, corresponding to a first‐order denitrification rate constant of 0.0011 min−1. Under various flow conditions, the associated hydraulic retention time may be used as a predictive measurement of nitrate removal performance. Scanning electron microscopy and 16S rRNA analysis of the woodchips showed that biofilms were present that could be responsible for anaerobic lignocellulose degradation and denitrification. This knowledge, along with evaluation of the biofilm community composition, reinforced the notion of a heterogeneous structure due to nutrient availability and hydrodynamic conditions.

Practitioner points

Denitrification can occur using woodchips in a bioretention internal water storage zone.

The denitrification rate is slow and may be limited during field‐scale applications.

A woodchip pretreatment did not provide long‐term enhancement to the denitrification rate.

Denitrification bacteria were found in the internal water storage zone.
Evaluation of the completeness and timeliness nutrition surveillance data reporting in Wonogiri district, Central Java province, 2017
Authors: Asturiningtyas Ika Puspita , Wibowo Trisno Agung , Heryanto Supriyo
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesSome of the nutrition problems still found in Wonogiri district. To solve that problems, completeness, and timeliness of the nutrition surveillance data reporting are needed so the data can be used as the basis for making policy appropriately. Evaluation of nutrition surveillance system was conducted to find out completeness and timeliness of the nutrition surveillance data reporting.MethodThis was an evaluative study using quantitative descriptive analysis which conducted from December 2017 to January 2018. Subjects of this study were nutritionists in District Health Office and 25 Primary Health Care (PHC) which selected randomly using Slovin samples size. Data collected by interviews and observation on surveillance data reporting form.ResultsPHC that reported complete data were 6 PHC (24%). One PHC (4%) did not report malnutrition data due to poor of time management. Ten Puskesmas (40%) did not report Hb data because they assumed that it was the duty of the laboratory officer or midwife. Three PHC (12%) did not report exclusive breastfeeding data every month, because they consider that the data should be collected only once every six months. Nine PHC (36%) did not report goiter data because they considered that it was no need to report if no cases. Most PHC (52%), never report the data timely. Most nutritionists (84%) had another duty that inhibits them to finish the surveillance data timely. Only two PHC (2%) whom the nutritionists had another duty but always report the data timely.ConclusionCompleteness and timeliness of the nutrition surveillance data reporting were still unsatisfying. PHC should be encouraged to collect data completely and timely. The data collection procedure should be fixed on the indicator collected and the time period in the data collection.
Strategi baru untuk mengurangi defisit badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial (BPJS) kesehatan
Authors: Pasaribu Karl Frizts , Purnamasari Try
Published: August 2018

Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional berhasil meningkatkan akses bagi masyarakat Indonesia untuk memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan. Tingginya akses tersebut berbanding lurus dengan biaya kesehatan yang dikeluarkan oleh BPJS Kesehatan sebagai purchaser. Defisit BPJS Kesehatan yang tahun ke tahun selalu naik, diproyeksikan besaran defisit pada tahun 2018 mencapai Rp. 9T. Disisi lain, tunggakan iuran peserta BPJS Kesehatan pun sudah mencapai Rp. 3,4 Triliun.  Hal ini tentunya akan mengancam sustainability program JKN ini. Pendapatan negara terbatas sementara pengeluaran untuk JKN tidak terbatas. Maka dari itu perlu sumber baru untuk menopang pendanaan sistem pembiayaan kesehatan yang selama ini bersumber dari APBN dan iuran peserta BPJS Kesehatan. Konser Amal bisa menjadi salah satu sumber pendanaan tambahan bagi BPJS Kesehatan dalam menghadapi defisit dana. Konser Amal bukan hal yang sulit untuk dilakukan. Di Indonesia, Konser Amal tidak hanya dilakukan oleh kalangan musisi, melainkan juga dilakukan lembaga keagamaan, lembaga sosial , akademisi hingga perkumpulan fans klub sepakbola. Hampir semua konser amal yang pernah dilakukan sukses atau berhasil mencapai target yang direncanakan. Setiap konser amal yang dilakukan, semua dana yang terkumpul akan disumbangkan kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan atau sedang dalam kesulitan melalui beberapa yayasan sosial seperti yayasan peduli kanker atau komunitas peduli kemanusiaan. Sama halnya dengan konsep gotong royong yang diterapkan dalam system BPJS kesehatan, penggalangan dana melalui konser amal akan menarik minat mereka yang memiliki dana berlebih dan jiwa solidaritas tinggi untuk berpartisipasi dan memberikan sumbangsih. Solidaritas yang terkandung dalam pengadaan konser amal inilah yang akan mengajak masyarakat untuk ikut serta mempertahankan keberadaan BPJS kesehatan.
Kontak penderita di lingkungan rumah sebagai faktor dalam kejadian luar biasa campak di dua desa di Kecamatan Jiken Blora
Authors: Napitupulu Dahlan , Kolawi Andarias Paskawanto , Pramono Dibyo , Mualim K.
Published: August 2018

Tujuan: Pada hari Selasa, tanggal 19 Mei 2017, Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Blora menyampaikan bahwa di Desa Janjang dan Desa Nglebur terdapat 7 orang terdiagnosa sebagai kasus campak klinis . Pada tahun 2016, kejadian campak sebesar 44 kasus, tahun 2015 tidak ada kasus campak, tahun 2014 sebesar 43 kasus. Penyelidikan dilakukan dengan tujuan memastikan adanya kejadian luar biasa (KLB) campak, menentukan faktor risiko terjadinya KLB dan melakukan tindakan pencegahan. Metode: Penyelidikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan pencarian kasus aktif untuk menemukan kasus baru. Penelitian kasus kontrol 1:2 dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor risiko. Kasus adalah seseorang menderita penyakit dengan gejala klinis berupa panas dan rash disertai salah satu gejala batuk, pilek atau mata merah dan diare. Kontrol adalah orang yang tidak memiliki gejala pada kasus dan mempunyai riwayat kontak dengan kasus. Faktor risiko yang diamati adalah Status imunisasi, riwayat sakit campak dan bepergian 2 minggu sebelum KLB campak. Pengumpulan data identitas penderita, riwayat sakit campak dan bepergian dalam 2 minggu sebelum sakit dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner.  Pengumpulan data mengenai status imunisasi menggunakan data sekunder puskesmas atau buku imunisasi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan chi square dan regresi logistik untuk mendapatkan nilai odds ratio (OR). Hasil: Total terdapat 19 kasus dengan 27,69% umur <9 tahun dan  0,66% dari desa Janjang. KLB campak berlangsung selama 6 minggu (10 April 2017 – 29 Mei 2017) dengan puncak kasus pada minggu ke tiga bulan Mei 2017. Riwayat tidak pernah sakit campak merupakan faktor risiko yang berpengaruh pada KLB ini (OR = 5.56; 95% CI = 2.93 - 71.43) sedangkan status imunisasi dan riwayat bepergian bukan merupakan faktor risiko. Simpulan: Telah terjadi KLB campak di Desa Janjang dan Desa Nglebur Kecamatan Jiken pada 10 April 2017 sampai dengan 29 Mei 2017 dengan index case sdr. Da. Cara penularan melalui kontak dengan penderita di lingkungan rumah. Selektif imunisasi dilakukan untuk memutus rantai penularan.
Strategi manajemen bencana di kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Arisanti Yunita , Nugroho Putut Wisnu
Published: August 2018

Kabupaten Magelang termasuk daerah rawan bencana di Indonesia. Sumber bencana yang ada yaitu letusan Gunung Merapi, banjir lahar dingin, tanah longsor, dan banjir bandang. Pemerintah Kabupaten Magelang membentuk Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Magelang melalui Peraturan Daerah Nomer 3 Tahun 2011 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah. Kemudian disusun Peraturan Daerah Nomer 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana di Kabupaten Magelang yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam menjalankan program, kebijakan, penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana di wilayah Kabupaten Magelang. Selanjutnya muncul Peraturan Bupati Magelang Nomor 18 Tahun 2016 Tentang Rincian Kegiatan dalam Tahapan Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana Kabupaten Magelang sebagai pedoman dalam penyusunan SOP Penanggulangan Bencana di wilayah Kabupaten Magelang. Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah mempunyai fungsi sebagai penanggung jawab dan koordinator dalam penanggulangan bencana dari tahap pra bencana, saat tanggap darurat dan pasca bencana. Dalam pelaksanaannya di Kabupaten Magelang dibentuk relawan dan satuan tugas tanggap bencana yang terdiri dari berbagai elemen dan personil yaitu dari PMI, TNI/Polri, tenaga kesehatan dan lintas sektor terkait. Pada tahun 2018 Kabupaten Magelang mendapat penghargaan BNPB untuk kategori BPBD terbaik peringkat II wilayah satu dalam penanggulangan bencana di wilayah Kabupaten Magelang dengan pertimbangan sistem manajemen, pelaporan dan penanganan yang cepat terhadap wilayah yang terdampak bencana. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari pemetaan wilayah bencana, pelatihan kepada relawan dan satuan tugas yang rutin dilakukan oleh BPBD Kabupaten Magelang dan koordinasi yang terus dilakukan untuk memantau kesiapan seluruh personil satuan tugas tanggap bencana. Saran : perlu dilakukan sosialisasi, latihan tanggap darurat, kesiapsiagaan dan mitigasi bencana kepada masyarakat di lokasi rawan bencana, membuat jalur evakuasi di lokasi rawan bencana, membentuk tim penanggulangan resiko bencana di tiap desa yang rawan bencana, dan mengembangkan Puskesmas Disaster Plan (tim medis reaksi cepat), dan menerapkan strategi penanggulangan bencana yang berbeda di setiap lokasi dengan sumber bencana yang berbeda pula.
Peran ergonomi partisipatif dalam mencegah keluhan muskuloskeletal
Authors: Yunus Desrifana
Published: August 2018

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan berbagai pendekatan yang telah dilakukan pada penerapan ergonomi partisipatif di berbagai industri dan mengambil pembelajaran dari implementasi ergonomi partisipatif tersebut.Keluhan Muskuloskeletal sering terjadi pada pekerja terutama dengan beban pekerjaan yang tinggi dan bekerja dengan postur yang jangal seperti perawat, pekerja di jasa konstruksi hingga manufaktur. Ergonomi partisipatif yang bertujuan mengurangi keluhan Muskuloskeletal melalui identifikasi berbagai faktor risiko pekerjaan dan merumuskan solusi untuk mengurangi risiko dengan melibatkan pekerja secara langsung. Efektivitas penyelenggaran ergonomi partisipatif bervariasi di berbagai tempat kerja. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti karakteristik pekerja, metode ergonomi yang digunakan, hingga dukungan dari organisasi atau perusahaan.Ergonomi partisipatif berpengaruh pada perbaikan posisi kerja, postur janggal dan kekakuan pada leher dikalangan perawat. Implementasi dibidang manufaktur juga mampu meningkatkan produktivitas hingga 46% dengan adanya pengurangan beban kerja yang tidak perlu, waktu tunggu transportasi barang, dan pengurangan waktu atau lama produksi. Hasil evaluasi partisipatif ergonomi pada 12 penelitian membuktikan bahwa ergonomi partisipatif memberikan dampak positif pada keluhan muskuloskeletal, pengurangan kecelakaan pada pekerja, klaim kompensasi terhadap kecelakaan kerja, serta mengurangi ketidakhadiran pekerja karena sakit. Jumlah fasilitator dan potensi adanya hambatan dapat menentukan kesuksesan program. Organisasi yang biasanya berhasil mendapatkan manfaat dari program ini adalah organisasi yang antar pekerjanya memiliki hubungan yang baik, komunikasi yang baik, adanya kebiasaan berkonsultasi dan adanya koordinasi dalam berbagai proses pekerjaan.Ergonomi partisipatif berhasil memberikan perubahan pada lingkungan kerja, terutama dalam mengurangi faktor risiko lingkungan kerja fisik yang berdampak pada gangguan muskuloskeletal. Implementasi ergonomi partisipatif membutuhkan komitmen manajemen pada semua unit di tempat kerja atau perusahaan. Pelatihan ergonomi, kerjasama tim dan solusi penyelesaian masalah adalah aspek yang dibutuhkan dalam pelaksanaan ergonomi partisipatif
Policy brief: penelusuran ancaman kasus TB pada petugas kesehatan di Indonesia
Authors: Anggraini Riana Dian , Rahayu Eka Putri , Aminuzzab Arqu
Published: August 2018

Pendahuluan: Jarak kontak yang cukup dekat petugas kesehatan dengan pasien memudahkan terjadi penularan penyakit TB. Resiko terkena TB pada petugas kesehatan tiga kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan populasi umum dan meningkat menjadi enam kali dengan bertambahnya akses pemanfaatan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, kasus HIV AIDS dan TB MDR.  Selama ini, penerapan budaya keselamatan manajemen fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan perilaku petugas kesehatan dalam mempersepsikan infeksi penularan TB menyebabkan keterlambatan diagnosa dan pengobatan TB. Tidak terdapat data laporan jelas tentang prevalensi kasus TB aktif dan laten pada petugas kesehatan menunjukan kecenderungan menyembunyikan tingginya insiden TB pada petugas kesehatan. Jika pemerintah gagal melindungi petugas kesehatan dari penularan penyakit TB, maka bisa dipastikan semakin berkurangnya SDM yang melayani kesehatan dan mengakibatkan meningkatnya kasus TB di Indonesia. Isi: Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (PPI) TB di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan telah diterbitkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan pada tahun 2012. Metode pengawasan sistematis yang memastikan dipatuhinya pedoman tersebut belum tersedia. Penelitian yang dilakukan di RSUP Adam Malik, Medan menunjukan bahwa prevalensi TB Laten pada petugas kesehatan sebesar 53%. Faktor yang mempengaruhinya yaitu usia, lama bekerja dan kontak dengan penderita TB. Tingginya prevalensi TB laten petugas kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh besarnya beban infeksi TB pada masyarakat dan difasilitas kesehatan karena banyak kasus TB yang datang berkunjung dan dirawat.Rekomendasi: Kementerian kesehatan dan Dinkes perlu memperkuat kebijakan dan pengembangan strategi komprehensif berbasis bukti untuk menjamin kesehatan petugas dalam bekerja. Kebijakan tersebut terkait laporan data prevalensi dan insiden kasus TB diantara petugas kesehatan, pengawasan pelaksanaan PPI di faskes, sangsi dalam pelanggaran serta mengatur kompensasi untuk petugas kesehatan yang terkena TB akibat kerja. Manajemen faskes dan petugas kesehatan wajib melaksanakan PPI sesuai standar pedoman, melakukan pemeriksaan skrining TB dan HIV tahunan, melaporkan hasilnya kepada instuti terkait serta mengutamakan keselamatan dalam bekerja.
Gender Inequality and Environmental Well-Being: A Cross-National Investigation of Ecosystem Vitality and Environmental Health
Authors: Austin Kelly F. , Banashek Christel
Published: August 2018

Ecofeminist perspectives assert that issues of gender and the environment are intertwined, where increasing women’s status will lead to more efficacious environmental policy and improved environmental conditions. We investigate the relationship between gender inequality and environmental well-being by employing a distinct set of indicators to better capture women’s status in relation to men across a variety of contexts (e.g., health, economic, education, political), as well as a comprehensive environment index that includes a variety of ecological and environmental health measures. The results demonstrate that countries with higher levels of gender inequality are associated with poorer environmental well-being, net of other relevant factors. This lends support to the argument that addressing gender inequalities leads to better results for the environment and human health, and that women need to be included more prominently in environmental policy and planning.
El recurso de protección y sus límites
Authors: Zúñiga Urbina Francisco
Published: August 2018

This article examines the so called "recurso de protección" and its limits, especially facing "technical matters", using the impugnation as a pretext of the decisions of the Panel of Experts.
El nuevo estatuto de autonomía de Cataluña de 2006, en el marco de las reformas estatuarias en España
Authors: Carrillo Marc
Published: August 2018

Three years ago, a process of reform to the Statutes of Autonomy of some of the 17 Autonomous Communities that make up the model of politically decentralized State, designed by the Constitution of 1978, begun in Spain. Doubtless, the one that has sparked off more controversy in the legal and also the political grounds has been the Statute of Catalonia, approved since 2006. The subjects of greatest relevance have been those related to the incorporation of a Letter of Rights; the material and functional determination of the competences for the exercise of the self-government, as well as the relationships with the State, the European Union, and the financing system.
La progresividad en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Galdámez Zelada Liliana
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the progressiveness principie of the International Law of Human Rights and its impact in the Jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Progressiveness implies the constant and permanent development of International Law of Human Rights, some sort of mínimum and irreversible right that only allows improvements, and never a returning point. This constant activity is translated to the improvement of the protection standards through the study of Law of the international courts of human rights. Its aim is to analyze the content and scope of progressiveness and some criteria elaborated by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights starting from this feature.
Estado no confesional y laicismo
Authors: Salinas Araneda Carlos
Published: August 2018

The fact that a State might declare itself as non-confessional and ascribes to the right of religious freedom does not mean that it has to adopt an attitude of indifference or, even worse, of rejection to the religious experience of its citizens. Secularism, in its nineteenth century version, is then strange to the notion of non-confessional State or Secular State. The topic is raised making a distinction between the rights of freedom of thought, freedom of conscience, and religious freedom, reinforcing the autonomy of each one and defining the locus iuris ofatheism, to later analyze the principies that shatl orient the State's performance, facing the religious experience as a social factor, this is, the principies of religious freedom, ofsecularism or non-confessionalism, of equal rights and cooperation.
El defensor del pueblo latinoamericano como institución independiente de promoción y protección de los derechos humanos:
Authors: Aguilar Cavallo Gonzalo , Steward Rébecca
Published: August 2018

This article argues that the institution of Ombudsman is part of the contemporary constitutionalism. The Ombudsman is a national human rights institution in the sense of "París Principies". The Ombudsman must dynamically and creatively interact with the national and international human rights protection system, in order to play its role in the promotion and protection of human rights. This article examines these interactions in the light ofthe Latin American experience and the critical analysis ofthe constitutional reform establishing an Ombudsman in Chile.
O giro ético da estética e da política na contemporaneidade a partir de Jacques Rancière
Authors: Vicenzi Vinicius
Published: August 2018

Este artigo pretende pensar o que Rancière chama de “giro ético da estética e da política” (le tournant éthique), isto é, a eticização contemporânea desses campos. Em Malaise dans l’esthétique o filósofo francês pretende mostrar como a palavra “estética” suscita atualmente sempre um certo incômodo, certa animosidade, tomada como um discurso capcioso pelo qual uma certa filosofia teria desviado em benefício próprio os sentidos das obras de arte e dos julgamentos de gosto. Em oposição a isso é que se teriam lançado alguns autores que denunciam certa “confusão” estética e tentam “consertá-la”, como Bourdieu, Badiou e Lyotard. É esse conserto que tende a uma eticização da estética e, com ela, da política. Acusa-se a estética de ser culpada de abrigar o ‘não importa que’ dos objetos de uso e das imagens da vida profana; e, também, de se ter extraviado em promessas falaciosas de um absoluto filosófico e de uma revolução social. Num tempo da arte pós-utópica, portanto, a única salvação, o único Deus disposto a nos salvar, estaria a cargo de uma ética, de uma arte marcada pelas categorias do consenso, isto é, disposta a restaurar o sentido perdido de um mundo comum ou reparar as falhas do laço social. O conceito de comunidade é aqui central para se pensar como a comunidade política é transformada em uma comunidade ética. Se para alguns autores a relação entre essas duas comunidades é de continuidade, para Rancière elas revelam diferenças significativas, regidas pela oposição entre povo e população. Para a investigação que desenvolvo sobre o lugar da educação como questão filosófico-política o “giro ético da estética e da política” é um passo importante para se pensar nas formas contemporâneas de subsunção do espaço político e nas consequências desse processo para a educação.
A AUSÊNCIA DA MULHER NO ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA
Authors: Fófano Érica Brites da Silva , Garcia Jussara Maria Tostes dos Santos , Fófano Clodoaldo Sanches , Santos Júnior Paulo Jonas dos
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a ausência da mulher no ensino de História. Uma prática que deve ser desenvolvida sem preconceito e discriminação, apesar do sistema educacional brasileiro ter sido formado a partir de pensamentos patriarcais e machistas, ancorados em estruturas androcêntricas. Além disso, discuti de que maneira a mulher ficou escondida no ensino de História, percebendo as estratégias discriminatórias. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica de base qualitativa considerando as contribuições de autores como Aristóteles (1960), Beltrão & Alves (2004), Bourdieu (1999), Colling (2002), Ferro (1983), Michele Perrot (1998), Souza et al. (2010), além do Parecer nº 776/97 – CNE. E conclui-se que a dominação machista é um fato concreto e cotidiano. Ela deve ser combatida primeiramente em casa, depois na escola e na sociedade, provocando profundas alterações na forma como se educa, a inclusão de um olhar feminino para derrubar essa barreira no sistema educacional, desfazendo os estereótipos em relação a papéis sexuais predominantes em materiais didáticos e livros-texto, de maneira que combata o tratamento discriminatório que tende a favorecer os homens na relação e na interação de sala de aula entre professor/a e educandos.
Securities class actions of Chinese companies
Authors: Feng Nancy Chun , Fuerman Ross D.
Published: August 2018

This paper provides the first empirical evidence documenting the determinants and outcomes of private securities class action lawsuits filed in the US and Canada against Chinese companies and their auditors. Our findings show that, in the global context, Chinese companies are positively associated with their auditors being defendants and experiencing an adverse outcome (for example, related government enforcement actions and/or settlement payments to terminate class actions). A group of companies from outside the US with low country level audit quality, the Chinese companies, and the overall global sample were compared. For the low country level audit quality comparison group, we found that a restatement was negatively associated with auditors being defendants; this is a new finding. Two unique Chinese characteristics are that reverse mergers are positively associated with auditor litigation and bankruptcy has no association with auditor litigation. Aggregate Chinese companies’ settlements are positively associated with the occurrence of an auditor settlement and with class period length. Auditor settlements are associated with several factors. No mainland China CPA firm has ever paid to settle a private securities class action filed in the US or Canada; this also is a new finding. Several factors explain this last result.
Does a Self-etching Ceramic Primer Improve Bonding to Lithium Disilicate Ceramics? Bond Strengths and FESEM Analyses
Authors: Lopes GC , Perdigão J , Baptista D , Ballarin A
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To compare the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) vs self-etching ceramic primer on resin cement microshear bond strength (μSBS) and ultramorphology of lithium disilicate (LD) ceramic.

Methods and Materials:

LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks (14×4×2 mm3) were polished to 1200 grit and assigned to nine groups (n=5): CON: control, no LD surface treatment; IVO: 5.0% HF (IPS Ceramic Etching Gel, Ivoclar Vivadent); VIT: 5.0% HF (Vita Ceramics Etch, VITA Zahnfabrik); FGM: 5.0% HF (Condac Porcelana, FGM); ULT: 9.0% HF (Porcelain Etch, Ultradent); PRM: 9.6% HF (Premier Porcelain Etch Gel, Premier); BIS: 9.5% HF (Porcelain Etchant, Bisco Inc); DEN: 10.0% HF (Condicionador de Porcelanas, Dentsply Brazil); and MEP: self-etching ceramic primer (Monobond Etch & Prime, Ivoclar Vivadent). For all HF groups and control, an MDP-containing silane solution (MB+, Monobond Plus, Ivoclar Vivadent) was applied on rinsing the HF gel and air drying. Three transparent matrices for each specimen were filled with light-cured resin cement (Variolink Veneer, Ivoclar Vivadent). After storage in water for 48 hours at 37°C, specimens were tested in shear mode to measure μSBS. Mode of failure was analyzed at 50×. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test (α=0.05). Thirty-six additional LD specimens were assigned to the same experimental groups (n=4) and observed under a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) at magnifications ranging from 10,000× to 100,000×.

Results:

IVO resulted in statistically higher mean μSBS than all the other groups. MEP resulted in statistically lower μSBS than all HF groups. The failure mode for MEP was predominantly adhesive. The most frequent failure mode for the HF groups was mixed. CON resulted in 100% pretesting failures. For FESEM, no retentive pattern was observed for CON specimens. MEP resulted in the least pronounced etching pattern, few areas around crystals exhibited a slight increase in retention pattern compared to the control group. All HF gels created microporosities on the LD surface with distinct etching patterns. VIT and DEN resulted in an LD ultramorphology that suggested overetching.

Conclusions:

HF etching followed by a silane solution resulted in higher bond strengths than a self-etching ceramic primer. Some HF gels may cause overetching of the LD intaglio surface.