bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of azole sensitivity and filamentation by GPI15, encoding a subunit of the first GPI biosynthetic enzyme, in Candida albicans
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Garai Pramita , Sethi Subhash Chandra , Naqvi Nilofer , Yadav Bhawna , Kumar Pravin , Singh Sneh Lata , Yadav Usha , Bhatnagar Shilpi , Rahul  , Puri Niti , Muthuswami Rohini , Komath Sneha Sudha
Published: June 2019

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are important for virulence of many pathogenic organisms including the human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. GPI biosynthesis is initiated by a multi-subunit enzyme, GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT). We showed previously that two GPI-GnT subunits, encoded by CaGPI2 and CaGPI19, are mutually repressive. CaGPI19 also co-regulates CaERG11, the target of azoles while CaGPI2 controls Ras signaling and hyphal morphogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of a third subunit. We show that CaGpi15 is functionally homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gpi15. CaGPI15 is a master activator of CaGPI2 and CaGPI19. Hence, CaGPI15 mutants are azole-sensitive and hypofilamentous. Altering CaGPI19 or CaGPI2 expression in CaGPI15 mutant can elicit alterations in azole sensitivity via CaERG11 expression or hyphal morphogenesis, respectively. Thus, CaGPI2 and CaGPI19 function downstream of CaGPI15. One mode of regulation is via H3 acetylation of the respective GPI-GnT gene promoters by Rtt109. Azole sensitivity of GPI-GnT mutants is also due to decreased H3 acetylation at the CaERG11 promoter by Rtt109. Using double heterozygous mutants, we also show that CaGPI2 and CaGPI19 can independently activate CaGPI15. CaGPI15 mutant is more susceptible to killing by macrophages and epithelial cells and has reduced ability to damage either of these cell lines relative to the wild type strain, suggesting that it is attenuated in virulence.
Nuclear formation induced by DNA-conjugated beads in living fertilised mouse egg
Authors: Suzuki Yuka , Bilir Şükriye , Hatano Yu , Fukuda Tatsuhito , Mashiko Daisuke , Kobayashi Shouhei , Hiraoka Yasushi , Haraguchi Tokuko , Yamagata Kazuo
Published: June 2019

Reformation of a functional nucleus at the end of mitosis is crucial for normal cellular activity. Reconstitution approaches using artificial beads in frog egg extracts have clarified the molecules required for nuclear formation in vitro. However, the spatiotemporal regulation of these components, which is required for the formation of a functional nucleus in living embryos, remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that exogenous DNA introduced in the form of DNA-conjugated beads induces the assembly of an artificial nucleus in living mouse cleavage-stage embryos. Live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence studies revealed that core histones and regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) assembled on the DNA, suggesting that nucleosomes were formed. Electron microscopy showed that double-membrane structures, partly extended from annulate lamellae, formed around the beads. Nuclear pore complex-like structures indistinguishable from those of native nuclei were also formed, suggesting that this membranous structure resembled the normal nuclear envelope (NE). However, the reconstituted NE had no nuclear import activity, probably because of the absence of Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran). Thus, DNA is necessary for NE reassembly in mouse embryos but is insufficient to form a functional nucleus. This approach provides a new tool to examine factors of interest and their spatiotemporal regulation in nuclear formation.
Modeling in-vivo protein-DNA binding by combining multiple-instance learning with a hybrid deep neural network
Authors: Zhang Qinhu , Shen Zhen , Huang De-Shuang
Published: June 2019

Modeling in-vivo protein-DNA binding is not only fundamental for further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms, but also a challenging task in computational biology. Deep-learning based methods have succeed in modeling in-vivo protein-DNA binding, but they often (1) follow the fully supervised learning framework and overlook the weakly supervised information of genomic sequences that a bound DNA sequence may has multiple TFBS(s), and, (2) use one-hot encoding to encode DNA sequences and ignore the dependencies among nucleotides. In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised framework, which combines multiple-instance learning with a hybrid deep neural network and uses k-mer encoding to transform DNA sequences, for modeling in-vivo protein-DNA binding. Firstly, this framework segments sequences into multiple overlapping instances using a sliding window, and then encodes all instances into image-like inputs of high-order dependencies using k-mer encoding. Secondly, it separately computes a score for all instances in the same bag using a hybrid deep neural network that integrates convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Finally, it integrates the predicted values of all instances as the final prediction of this bag using the Noisy-and method. The experimental results on in-vivo datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed framework. In addition, we also explore the performance of the proposed framework when using k-mer encoding, and demonstrate the performance of the Noisy-and method by comparing it with other fusion methods, and find that adding recurrent layers can improve the performance of the proposed framework.
Growth of invar nanoparticles on a graphene oxide support
Authors: Valimukhametova Alina , Khannanov Artur , Kiiamov Airat , Vakhitov Iskander , Gilmutdinov Ildar , Vagizov Farit G. , Dimiev Ayrat M.
Published: June 2019

Alloyed binary invar-like FeNi nanocrystals are synthesized on the surface of graphene oxide in a two-step impregnation–annealing procedure.
Structural investigation and compression of a co-crystal of indomethacin and saccharin
Authors: Connor Lauren E. , Vassileiou Antony D. , Halbert Gavin W. , Johnston Blair F. , Oswald Iain D. H.
Published: June 2019

Indomethacin : saccharin cocrystal has been studied under high pressure conditions and the amide interactions compared with previous high pressure studies.
Metal-catalyst-free access to multiwalled carbon nanotubes/silica nanocomposites (MWCNT/SiO2) from a single-source precursor
Authors: Mera Gabriela , Kroll Peter , Ponomarev Ilia , Chen Jiewei , Morita Koji , Liesegang Moritz , Ionescu Emanuel , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: June 2019

Bamboo-like MWCNTs in a mesoporous silica matrix are synthesized by a simple metal-catalyst-free single-source precursor approach.
Copper(ii)-mediated base pairing involving the artificial nucleobase 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-5-ol
Authors: Sandmann Nikolas , Bachmann Jim , Hepp Alexander , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Müller Jens
Published: June 2019

A highly stabilizing Cu(ii)-mediated base pair is introduced into DNA using a large artificial nucleobase.
Anchusa azurea Mill. (Boraginaceae) aerial parts methanol extract interfering with cytoskeleton organization induces programmed cancer cells death
Authors: Ceramella Jessica , Loizzo Monica Rosa , Iacopetta Domenico , Bonesi Marco , Sicari Vincenzo , Pellicanò Teresa Maria , Saturnino Carmela , Malzert-Fréon Aurélie , Tundis Rosa , Sinicropi Maria Stefania
Published: June 2019

A methanol extract of Anchusa azurea Mill. (Boraginaceae) aerial parts was analysed and studied for its antioxidant and antitumor effects. Interestingly, this extract induces the apoptotic process interfering with the cytoskeleton dynamics.
Lipid protection by polyphenol-rich apple matrices is modulated by pH and pepsin in in vitro gastric digestion
Authors: Boléa Gaëtan , Ginies Christian , Vallier Marie-José , Dufour Claire
Published: June 2019

Apple polyphenols can limit the lipid oxidation taking place in the gastric tract after the ingestion of a Western diet rich in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and heme iron (red meat).
Plant seed protease inhibitors differentially affect innate immunity in a tumor microenvironment to control hepatocarcinoma
Authors: Laparra J. M. , Haros C. M.
Published: June 2019

Identifying tolerance responses to ingested foodstuff over life is essential for understanding dysfunction in metabolic diseases.
Effects of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) on oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized adult female Wistar rats
Authors: da Silva Bárbara Pereira , Toledo Renata Celi Lopes , Mishima Marcella Duarte Villas , Moreira Maria Eliza de Castro , Vasconcelos Christiane Mileib , Pereira Carlos Eduardo Real , Favarato Lukiya Silva Campos , Costa Neuza Maria Brunoro , Martino Hércia Stampini Duarte
Published: June 2019

The study investigated the influence of chia consumption on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid profiles in female ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat diet.
Force clamp approach for characterization of nano-assembly in amyloid beta 42 dimer
Authors: Maity Sibaprasad , Lyubchenko Yuri L.
Published: June 2019

Atomic force microscopy force clamp approach was used for probing Aβ42 dimer that enabled us to measure stability and binding pattern within the dimer.
Biomimetic design for enhancing the peroxidase mimicking activity of hemin
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Wang Qingqing , Chen Jinxing , Huang Liang , Zhang He , Rong Kai , Dong Shaojun
Published: June 2019

Although various nanomaterials have been found to exhibit intrinsic enzyme-like activity, to date, there is no general strategy for designing nanozymes. Adjusting the adjacent environment of active center is thought to be a commendable way to design nanozymes and improve the activity of nanozymes.
Facile controlled synthesis of Ag3PO4 with various morphologies for enhanced photocatalytic oxygen evolution from water splitting
Authors: He Guiwei , Yang Wanliang , Zheng Wei , Gong Li , Wang Xinghui , An Yan , Tian Mengkui
Published: June 2019

Ag3PO4 particles with various morphologies were prepared through a facile hydrothermal method using Ag4P2O7 as a sacrificial precursor. The maximum initial rate of O2 evolution catalyzed by the sample was twice that for the sample prepared via coprecipitation.
Small DNA circles as bacterial topoisomerase I inhibitors
Authors: Li Dawei , Wang Qiang , Zhou Bing , Zhuge Qiang , Lv Bei
Published: June 2019

It is demonstrated that small DNA circles showed high inhibitory effect on the activity of bacterial topoisomerase I and the single-stranded regions associated with bending deformation are believed to be the crucial factor for trapping the enzymes.
Facile stabilization of a cyclodextrin metal–organic framework under humid environment via hydrogen sulfide treatment
Authors: Ke Duo , Feng Jun-Feng , Wu Di , Hou Jun-Bo , Zhang Xiao-Qin , Li Bang-Jing , Zhang Sheng
Published: June 2019

The moisture stable γ-CD-K-MOF was obtained by simply treating MOF with H2S gas. H2S acting as new water adsorption sites protected the metal–ligand bonds from water attack and thus enhanced the moisture resistance of γ-CD-K-MOF.
Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by copper complex Cu(SBCM)2 towards oestrogen-receptor positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Foo Jhi Biau , Ng Li Shan , Lim Ji Hui , Tan Pau Xien , Lor Yan Zhi , Loo Jason Siau Ee , Low May Lee , Chan Lee Chin , Beh Chaw Yee , Leong Sze Wei , Saiful Yazan Latifah , Tor Yin Sim , How Chee Wun
Published: June 2019

Cu(SBCM)2 binds to DNA topoisomerase I, which, in turn, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, possibly via p53 signalling pathway.
Preparation of ZnO nanoparticle loaded amidoximated wool fibers as a promising antibiofouling adsorbent for uranium(vi) recovery
Authors: Ma Haichuan , Zhang Fan , Li Qiaoyu , Chen Guobing , Hu Sheng , Cheng Haiming
Published: June 2019

In this study, nano-ZnO loaded amidoxime-functionalized wool fibers (wool-AO@ZnO) were synthesized by radiation-induced copolymerization and in situ co-precipitation as a novel adsorbent with good antibiofouling properties for uranium recovery.
Unveiling the metabolic fate of monosaccharides in cell membranes with glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses
Authors: Xu Gege , Wong Maurice , Li Qiongyu , Park Dayoung , Cheng Zhi , Lebrilla Carlito B.
Published: June 2019

Utilizing glycomic and glycoproteomic approaches to elucidate and quantify the different patterns of sugar usage in different cell lines.
Parental Mental Illness in Childhood as a Risk Factor for Suicidal and Self-Harm Ideations in Adults Seeking Help for Tinnitus and/or Hyperacusis
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Landgrebe Michael , Danesh Ali A.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between parental mental illness in childhood with suicidal and self-harm ideations in adults seeking help for their tinnitus and/or hyperacusis.

Method

This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. The data for 292 consecutive patients who attended a Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Therapy Specialist Clinic in the United Kingdom were included.

Results

Forty-six of 292 patients, or 15.75% of the patients, expressed that they have been bothered by suicidal and self-harm ideations within the last 2 weeks. Furthermore, 38.7% of the patients (113/292) reported that, while they were growing up during the first 18 years of life, their parent(s) were suffering from a mental illness. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between suicidal and self-harm ideations and the history of parental mental illness after adjusting the model for (a) tinnitus disability as measured via the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (
Newman, Jacobson, & Spitzer, 1996
), (b) hyperacusis as measured via the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (
Khalfa et al., 2002
), (c) anxiety as measured via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (
Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Löwe, 2006
), (d) depression as measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire (
Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001
), and (e) age and gender. Adjusted odds ratio was 2.5 (95% CI [1.14, 5.6],
p =
.022). The only other variable that was significantly related to the risk of suicidal and self-harm ideations was depression; adjusted odds ratio was 7.7 (95% CI [2.6, 26.3],
p
= .001).

Conclusions

Clinicians who offer tinnitus and hyperacusis rehabilitation should screen for suicidal and self-harm ideations among patients, especially for those with symptoms of depression and a childhood history of parental mental illness. Patients with suicidal and self-harm ideations should be referred to mental health services for further diagnosis and treatment.
Feasibility study: investigation of car park‐based V2G services in the UK central hub
Authors: Strickland D. , Embley T. , Osborne J. , Yang J. , Qiao Z. , Malhotra A. , Corliss A. , Ashworth K.
Published: June 2019

The increasing uptake of electric vehicles, and the established practice of long‐term parking at stations and airports, offers an opportunity to develop a flexible approach to help with the energy storage dilemma. This paper investigates the feasibility of using a number of EV batteries as an energy storage and grid balancing solution within the UK Central Hub area. Here, the capital cost of the vehicle is a sunk cost to the EV owner. The potential income generated, or discount on long‐term parking, is an additional benefit of ownership. This paper considers the income available to a small and large size car park from the different market mechanisms to offer grid support in the UK and contrasts this with the complexity and costs of the EV charging infrastructure required within these types of scheme.
Space modulation profile modelling for steer‐by‐wire SMPMSM
Authors: Scicluna Kris , Staines Cyril Spiteri , Raute Reiko
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a sensorless estimation algorithm for steer‐by‐wire applications based on the injection of a high‐frequency rotating voltage. Enhancement to the basic sensorless algorithm through SMP look‐up tables is proposed. The improved observer was simulated in MATLAB for a 12 V RMS 400 W permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM).
Die CT-Koronarangiografie als elektive Diagnostik bei KHK-Verdacht
Authors: Smolka Silvia , Achenbach Stephan
Published: June 2019

Mit der koronaren CT-Angiografie (CTA) können atherosklerotische Plaques nachgewiesen und Stenosen erkannt sowie zuverlässig ausgeschlossen werden. Die CTA ist insbesondere bei Patienten mit eher niedriger Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit geeignet, um Koronarstenosen – und damit eine koronare Herzerkrankung – auszuschließen. Dies setzt aber voraus, dass die technischen Anforderungen erfüllt und die Patienten sorgfältig ausgewählt und vorbereitet sind.
Automatische externe Reanimationsgeräte
Authors: Ondruschka Benjamin , Bayer Ronny , Bernhard Michael , Hammer Niels , Buschmann Claas T.
Published: June 2019

In der Reanimationssituation müssen die professionellen Helfer trotz hoher Stresslevel und Zeitknappheit schnell, ressourceneffizient und zielführend Entscheidungen im Sinne des Patienten treffen: grundlegend dabei ist etwa das Abwägen zwischen dem Einsatz einer automatischen externen Reanimationshilfe zur kontinuierlichen, gleichmäßigen und ermüdungsfreien Durchführung der Thoraxkompressionen bis zum Wiedererreichen eines Eigenkreislaufs oder dem Abbruch der Maßnahmen.
Access to Pain Management Programs: A Multifactorial Analysis of the Pathways of Care for Chronic Pain Patients in the University Clinic Erlangen
Authors: Dorscht Lisa , Schön Christoph , Geiss Christa , Gräßel Elmar , Donath Carolin
Published: June 2019

Background Different treatment options are offered for patients suffering from chronic pain, which differ in intensity and costs: 1) monodisciplinary treatment, mostly in outpatient care and 2) interdisciplinary treatment with the option of participating in pain management programs as outpatients or inpatients. The present work investigates how patients at the University Clinic Erlangen receiving monodisciplinary treatment differ from those receiving interdisciplinary treatment (research question I) as well as how patients participating in a pain management program differ from those who do not (research question II). The aim is to generate insights into whether the differences between the patient groups under various treatment modalities reflect the officially defined criteria for the indication of chronic pain management programs.

Methods Routine data of 1,833 patients treated from January 2008 to March 2013 at the University Clinic Erlangen were analyzed. After univariate preanalyses and checks for multicollinearity, the remaining variables were used for the final multivariate model (multiple binary logistic regression) for research question I and II.

Results Research question I: Patients getting interdisciplinary treatment were more often employed, had higher affective experience of pain, more often regarded their pain as treatable, had more often participated in at least one pain-associated rehabilitation treatment in the past, were younger and rarely had application for retirement in consideration. Research question II: Patients who participated in a pain management program were more often female, more often employed, described their pain as mainly located at the upper part of the body, had more concomitant symptoms, were more often diagnosed with musculoskeletal pain and rarely had a retirement request pending.

Conclusions It could be shown that patients in the analyzed pathways of care mainly differed in demographic variables, and regarding pain management programs, also in the type of pain. Differences between patients in different treatment paths reflecting the officially defined indication criteria for chronic pain management programs were detectable only to a minor extent. Clearer and operational practical guidance should help support the clinical decision to assign patients to different treatment options and close the gap between theory and practice.
Die Speiseröhre
Authors: Magga Corts Köln
Published: June 2019

Die Speiseröhre (Ösophagus) ist ein muskulöser Schlauch, dessen Hauptaufgabe es ist, feste und flüssige Nahrung vom Rachen zum Magen zu transportieren. Der Transport erfolgt durch die für den Verdauungstrakt typische Peristaltik der Speiseröhrenwandmuskulatur.
Vermehrtes Schwitzen
Authors: Schmid HP Eva C.
Published: June 2019

Vermehrtes Schwitzen ist ein natürlicher Mechanismus, durch den wir Wärme abgeben können. Ungefährliche Ursachen können zum Beispiel Thermoregulation, emotionale Stresssituationen oder Angstzustände sein. Es kann aber auch eine Erkrankung ursächlich sein, zum Beispiel: hormonelle Ursachen, maligne Erkrankungen oder Infektionskrankheiten.
Es brennt!
Authors: Welsch Katja
Published: June 2019

In der Homöopathie gibt es Mittel tierischer, pflanzlicher und mineralischer Herkunft, die bei brennenden Empfindungen hilfreich sind. Für brennende Empfindungen sind drei Mittel mineralischer Herkunft charakteristisch: Sulfur, Arsencium album und Phosphorus. Um bei brennenden Empfindungen das geeignete Homöopathikum zu wählen, sind begleitende Symptome und Modalitäten ausschlaggebend.
MRT bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen
Authors: Urbach Horst , Egger Karl
Published: June 2019

Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen nehmen in einer älter werdenden Gesellschaft stark zu. Bei klinischem Verdacht lassen sich diese Erkrankungen häufig anhand krankheitsspezifischer Atrophiemuster diagnostizieren. Die Erkennung wird erleichtert, wenn der Datensatz des Patienten mit einer Gruppe „alters- und geschlechtsgematchter“ Kontrollen verglichen und Voxel bzw. Regionen, die sich unterscheiden, hervorgehoben werden.
Herausforderungen der ambulanten Nachsorge von nierentransplantierten Patienten in spezialisierten Transplantationszentren
Authors: Schiffer Lena , Hartleib-Otto Melanie , Lerch Christian , Haller Hermann , Pape Lars , Schiffer Mario
Published: June 2019

Die medizinische Versorgung von nierentransplantierten Patienten bedarf einer engen Anbindung an spezialisierte Transplantationszentren. Gerade in Flächenländern sind die Wegstrecken, die Patienten zum Transplantationszentrum zurücklegen müssen, häufig weit und können für einige Patienten ein Problem darstellen. Wir haben eine Patientenbefragung an 498 nierentransplantierten Patienten des Transplantationszentrums der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH) im Flächenland Niedersachsen durchgeführt, um Belastungen, die für die Patienten durch eine zentrale Anbindung entstehen, zu eruieren. Bei 72% der Befragten lag die Fahrtstecken am Vorstellungstag über 100 km und die Fahrtkosten wurden durchschnittlich mit 36,30€ (Standardabweichung 34,15€) angegeben. 80% der Berufstätigen und Schulpflichtigen konnten am Tag der Vorstellungen ihren beruflichen bzw. schulischen Verpflichtungen nicht nachkommen. Eine Entfernung des Wohnortes von größer 100 km zum Transplantationszentrum reduzierte die Bereitschaft der Patienten sich im Transplantationszentrum vorzustellen signifikant (p=0,02–63), eine Kostenerstattung konnte die Bereitschaft nur tendenziell erhöhen (p=0,012). Neue Modelle, wie eine heimatnahe telemedizinische Anbindung, könnten die Belastungen für die Patienten reduzieren und die Versorgung optimieren.
Wandel im Gesundheitswesen: Analyse der Auswirkungen auf Ärzte und
Patienten am Beispiel der Ukraine
Authors: Bogodistov Yevgen , Reck Fynn Malte , Moormann Jürgen , Krupskyi Oleksandr P.
Published: June 2019

Hintergrund Das Gesundheitswesen befindet sich weltweit im Umbruch. Dieser hat nicht nur
Auswirkungen auf die Organisation von Krankenhäusern, Arztpraxen, Pflegeeinrichtungen
usw., sondern auch auf die beteiligten Personen und Personengruppen. Welche Auswirkungen der
Wandel für Ärzte und Patienten hat, wird am Beispiel einer umfassenden
Gesundheitsreform in der Ukraine untersucht.

Methoden Die Analyse basiert auf einer empirischen Erhebung, die bei Ärzten in 2
Städten der Ukraine durchgeführt wurde. Auf Basis des Job Demands-Resources
Model wurden Hypothesen entwickelt, die anhand eines Strukturgleichungsmodells
überprüft worden sind. An der Befragung haben 178 Familienärzte
(81% der Grundgesamtheit) teilgenommen.

Ergebnisse Die Untersuchung zeigt einen klaren Zusammenhang zwischen den
organisationalen Herausforderungen (zusätzliche Aufgaben, struktureller Wandel, neue
Prozesse) und ihren psychologischen Folgen (z. B. Burnout). Letztere wirken sich
u. a. negativ auf die Zusammenarbeit der Ärzte in Kliniken aus, was wiederum
die Zufriedenheit der Patienten beeinträchtigt.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Der Wandel im Gesundheitswesen ist unausweichlich. Das
Beispiel der Ukraine zeigt, dass Offenheit der Kliniken für Wandel die
Wahrscheinlichkeit für Burnout von Ärzten reduziert und letztlich die
Patientenzufriedenheit erhöht. Daher sind Ansätze des Prozessmanagements, die
dazu beitragen, Offenheit in Organisationen zu erzeugen, in Zeiten starken Wandels dringend zu
empfehlen.
Religion and poverty
Authors: Schweiger Gottfried
Published: June 2019

Religion and poverty are two of the world’s most enduring social and cultural phenomena. They have a long and eventful history, and are not separate from one another, but closely interrelated: on the one hand, there is a long tradition of religiously motivated poverty; on the other hand, giving to the poor is often seen as a religious duty. In recent years, faith-based organisations have been recognised in research as an important factor in global poverty reduction. This comment surveys some of the key areas of enquiry and debate focused on exploring the connection between religion and poverty.
Ionization equation of state for the dusty plasma including the effect of ion–atom collisions
Authors: Zhukhovitskii D. I.
Published: June 2019

The ionization equation of state (IEOS) for a cloud of dust particles in the low-pressure gas discharge under microgravity conditions is proposed. IEOS relates pairs of the parameters specific for the charged components of dusty plasma. It is based on the modified collision enhance collection model adapted for the Wigner–Seitz cell model of the dust cloud. This model takes into account the effect of ion–atom collisions on the ion current to the dust particles and assumes that the screening length for the ion–particle interaction is on the same order of magnitude as the radius of the Wigner–Seitz cell. The included effect leads to a noticeable decrease of the particle charge as compared to the previously developed IEOS based on the orbital motion limited model. Assuming that the Havnes parameter of the dusty plasma is moderate, one can reproduce the dust particle number density measured in experiments and, in particular, its dependence on the gas pressure. Although IEOS includes no fitting parameters, it can ensure a satisfactory precision in a wide range of dusty plasma parameters. Based on the developed IEOS, the threshold relation between the dusty plasma parameters for onset of the lane formation in binary dusty plasmas is deduced.
Study of laser produced plasma in a longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: Ivanov V. V. , Maximov A. V. , Betti R. , Leal L. S. , Mancini R. C. , Swanson K. J. , Golovkin I. E. , Fontes C. J. , Sawada H. , Sefkow A. B. , Wong N. L.
Published: June 2019

Laser produced plasma embedded in a longitudinal magnetic field was studied using a 1 MA pulsed power generator coupled with a 50 TW laser. Half turn coil loads with an internal diameter of 2.5–3.5 mm generate a 50–70 T axial magnetic field near the load. A subpicosecond laser pulse with an intensity of 1018–1019 W/cm2 irradiates a thin Si foil target in the magnetic field of the coil load. A laser produced plasma plume collimates within the longitudinal field to a narrow jet 0.2–0.3 mm in diameter with a length of 3–4 mm and an electron plasma density of (0.2–1) × 1020 cm−3 on the jet axis. The jet propagates with a velocity of 160–200 km/s in general agreement with magnetohydrodynamic simulations. X-ray spectral measurements show an increase in the plasma electron density resulting from the magnetic confinement of the jet.
Electrical generation and propagation of spin waves in antiferromagnetic thin-film nanostrips
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Semenov Yuriy G. , Kim Ki Wook
Published: June 2019

Electrical generation of terahertz spin waves is theoretically explored in an antiferromagnetic nanostrip via the current-induced spin–orbit torque. The analysis based on micromagnetic simulations clearly illustrates that the Néel-vector oscillations excited at one end of the magnetic strip can propagate in the form of a traveling wave when the nanostrip axis aligns with the magnetic easy-axis. A sizable threshold is observed in the driving current density or the torque to overcome the unfavorable anisotropy as expected. The generated spin waves are found to travel over a long distance, while the angle of rotation undergoes continuous decay in the presence of nonzero damping. The oscillation frequency is tunable via the strength of the spin–orbit torque, reaching the terahertz regime. Other key characteristics of spin waves such as the phase and the chirality can also be modulated actively. The simulation results further indicate the possibility of wavelike superposition between the excited spin oscillations, illustrating its application as an efficient source of spin-wave signals for information processing.
Brownmillerite phase formation and evolution in epitaxial strontium ferrite heterostructures
Authors: Wang Le , Yang Zhenzhong , Bowden Mark E. , Du Yingge
Published: June 2019

By controlling the synthesis and process conditions, we show that the oxygen vacancy channels (OVCs) of brownmillerite-structured SrFeO2.5+δ (0 ≤ δ < 0.5) thin films can be oriented differently on the same LaAlO3(001) substrate due to either a bottom up or top down synthesis route. The dynamic brownmillerite structure formation and evolution processes yield distinctively different optical and electronic properties, owing to the difference in both the oxygen stoichiometry and the OVC configuration in the resultant films. With the established recipe, we generated insulating SrFeO2.5 with vertically aligned OVCs and metallic SrFeO3 standards so that the other intermediate states can be directly compared and understood. Our results offer further insight into the phase stability and oxygen-diffusion mechanisms, which is important for the predictive synthesis of novel functional materials.
Determination of the terahertz pulse emitting dipole orientation by terahertz emission measurements
Authors: Beleckaitė Ieva , Adomavičius Ramūnas
Published: June 2019

Terahertz pulse emission from the photoexcited semiconductor surface heavily depends on the orientation of the photo-induced electric dipole. Two methods to determine the orientation of the terahertz pulse emitting dipole have been demonstrated. Method I relies on the measurement of THz emission dependencies on the angle of incidence in the transmission geometry, while method II is based on the measurements of THz emission in the reflection geometry. Theoretical reasoning for both of these methods has been presented. Both of these methods have been tested with a semi-insulating GaAs substrate using an external magnetic field in order to change the tilt angle of the electric dipole. The investigation presented in this work leads to an assumption that the magnetic field induced change in the dipole tilt angle is proportional to the mobility of electrons. Thus, the suggested method may become a promising tool for testing the quality of substrates and epitaxial layers.
Thresholds of absolute instabilities driven by a broadband laser
Authors: Follett R. K. , Shaw J. G. , Myatt J. F. , Dorrer C. , Froula D. H. , Palastro J. P.
Published: June 2019

Absolute instability thresholds for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and two-plasmon decay (TPD) driven by a broadband laser pulse are evaluated numerically. The scalings of the calculated thresholds with the density scale length, temperature, and central wavelength are qualitatively similar to the existing analytical results. The threshold values, however, exhibit significant quantitative differences. Comparisons between the thresholds calculated for various broadband power spectra indicate a universal scaling of the threshold intensity with laser coherence time (τc). For SRS, Ithr∝τc−1/3, and for TPD, Ithr∝τc−1/2.
Microfluidic-generated lipid-graphene oxide nanoparticles for gene delivery
Authors: Di Santo Riccardo , Quagliarini Erica , Palchetti Sara , Pozzi Daniela , Palmieri Valentina , Perini Giordano , Papi Massimiliano , Capriotti Anna Laura , Laganà Aldo , Caracciolo Giulio
Published: June 2019

Graphene oxide (GO) is employed in a broad range of biomedical applications including antimicrobial therapies, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and drug delivery, among others. However, the inability to load it efficiently with double-stranded DNA impairs its use as a gene delivery system. To overcome this limitation, in this work, the functionalization of GO with cationic lipids (CL) is proficiently accomplished by microfluidic manufacturing. To this end, we use CLs 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) and {3β-[N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]} cholesterol (DC-Chol) and zwitterionic dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and cholesterol to generate a library of 9 CL formulations with systematic changes in lipid composition. Combined dynamic light scattering, microelectrophoresis, and atomic force microscopy reveal that graphene oxide/cationic lipid (GOCL) nanoparticles (NPs) are positively charged and uniformly coated by one lipid bilayer. GOCL NPs are able to condense plasmid DNA into stable, nanosized complexes whose size and zeta-potential can be finely tuned by adjusting the DNA/GOCL weight ratio, Rw. Luciferase assay results show that positively charged GOCL/DNA complexes (Rw = 0.2) efficiently transfect HeLa cells with no appreciable cytotoxicity. In particular, the ternary GOCL formulation made of DOTAP, DC-Chol, and Cholesterol (GOCL8) is as efficient as Lipofectamine® 3000 in transfecting cells, but much less cytotoxic. Confocal microscopy clarifies that the high transfection efficiency of GOCL8 is due to its massive cellular uptake and cytosolic DNA release. Implications for nonviral gene delivery applications are discussed.
Changes in small native animal populations following control of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) by warren ripping in the Australian arid zone
Authors: Elsworth P. , Berman D. , Brennan M.
Published: June 2019

Context European rabbits have a great impact on native vegetation and small vertebrates in Australia. Rabbits consume vegetation and promote invasive plants and invasive predators, and compete directly and indirectly with native animals suppressing those populations. Aims We explored the changes in small native vertebrates and invertebrates following the removal of rabbits. Methods Warren ripping was undertaken on a property in south-western Queensland at four sites and the results of pitfall trapping were compared with four nearby paired control sites. Invertebrates and small mammals were counted in pitfall traps, and bird surveys were conducted in all treatment and control sites. Key results Following a rabbit-control program, we observed a four-fold increase in the number of dunnarts trapped in treatment plots, whereas no change was observed in control plots. The spring following the rabbit-control program also saw an increase in some lizards in treatment plots. Conclusions The presence of rabbits in arid-zone Australia can suppress native animal populations. Implications Many species of small native mammals and lizards rely on food sources that fluctuate greatly with environmental conditions. The presence of rabbits altering the landscape, supporting introduced predators, reducing vegetation and, therefore, insects, adds increased pressure for insectivorous species. Rabbit control through warren ripping in arid-zone Australia is an effective method to reduce rabbit numbers, and allowed for an increase in small vertebrates in treated areas.
TNF-α inhibits glucocorticoid receptor-induced gene expression by reshaping the GR nuclear cofactor profile
Authors: Dendoncker Karen , Timmermans Steven , Vandewalle Jolien , Eggermont Melanie , Lempiäinen Joanna , Paakinaho Ville , Van Hamme Evelien , Dewaele Sylviane , Vandevyver Sofie , Ballegeer Marlies , Souffriau Jolien , Van Wyngene Lise , Van Looveren Kelly , Vanderhaeghen Tineke , Beyaert Rudi , De Bosscher Karolien , Palvimo Jorma J. , Van Montagu Marc , Libert Claude
Published: June 2019

Glucocorticoid resistance (GCR) is defined as an unresponsiveness to the therapeutic effects, including the antiinflammatory ones of glucocorticoids (GCs) and their receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). It is a problem in the management of inflammatory diseases and can be congenital as well as acquired. The strong proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (TNF) induces an acute form of GCR, not only in mice, but also in several cell lines: e.g., in the hepatoma cell line BWTG3, as evidenced by impaired Dexamethasone (Dex)-stimulated direct GR-dependent gene up- and down-regulation. We report that TNF has a significant and broad impact on this transcriptional performance of GR, but no impact on nuclear translocation, dimerization, or DNA binding capacity of GR. Proteome-wide proximity-mapping (BioID), however, revealed that the GR interactome was strongly modulated by TNF. One GR cofactor that interacted significantly less with the receptor under GCR conditions is p300. NFκB activation and p300 knockdown both reduced direct transcriptional output of GR whereas p300 overexpression and NFκB inhibition reverted TNF-induced GCR, which is in support of a cofactor reshuffle model. This hypothesis was supported by FRET studies. This mechanism of GCR opens avenues for therapeutic interventions in GCR diseases.
Global ensemble projections reveal trophic amplification of ocean biomass declines with climate change
Authors: Lotze Heike K. , Tittensor Derek P. , Bryndum-Buchholz Andrea , Eddy Tyler D. , Cheung William W. L. , Galbraith Eric D. , Barange Manuel , Barrier Nicolas , Bianchi Daniele , Blanchard Julia L. , Bopp Laurent , Büchner Matthias , Bulman Catherine M. , Carozza David A. , Christensen Villy , Coll Marta , Dunne John P. , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Jennings Simon , Jones Miranda C. , Mackinson Steve , Maury Olivier , Niiranen Susa , Oliveros-Ramos Ricardo , Roy Tilla , Fernandes José A. , Schewe Jacob , Shin Yunne-Jai , Silva Tiago A. M. , Steenbeek Jeroen , Stock Charles A. , Verley Philippe , Volkholz Jan , Walker Nicola D. , Worm Boris
Published: June 2019

While the physical dimensions of climate change are now routinely assessed through multimodel intercomparisons, projected impacts on the global ocean ecosystem generally rely on individual models with a specific set of assumptions. To address these single-model limitations, we present standardized ensemble projections from six global marine ecosystem models forced with two Earth system models and four emission scenarios with and without fishing. We derive average biomass trends and associated uncertainties across the marine food web. Without fishing, mean global animal biomass decreased by 5% (±4% SD) under low emissions and 17% (±11% SD) under high emissions by 2100, with an average 5% decline for every 1 °C of warming. Projected biomass declines were primarily driven by increasing temperature and decreasing primary production, and were more pronounced at higher trophic levels, a process known as trophic amplification. Fishing did not substantially alter the effects of climate change. Considerable regional variation featured strong biomass increases at high latitudes and decreases at middle to low latitudes, with good model agreement on the direction of change but variable magnitude. Uncertainties due to variations in marine ecosystem and Earth system models were similar. Ensemble projections performed well compared with empirical data, emphasizing the benefits of multimodel inference to project future outcomes. Our results indicate that global ocean animal biomass consistently declines with climate change, and that these impacts are amplified at higher trophic levels. Next steps for model development include dynamic scenarios of fishing, cumulative human impacts, and the effects of management measures on future ocean biomass trends.
Scotopic rod vision in tetrapods arose from multiple early adaptive shifts in the rate of retinal release
Authors: Liu Yang , Cui Yimeng , Chi Hai , Xia Yu , Liu Haonan , Rossiter Stephen J. , Zhang Shuyi
Published: June 2019

The ability of vertebrates to occupy diverse niches has been linked to the spectral properties of rhodopsin, conferring rod-based vision in low-light conditions. More recent insights have come from nonspectral kinetics, including the retinal release rate of the active state of rhodopsin, a key aspect of scotopic vision that shows strong associations with light environments in diverse taxa. We examined the retinal release rates in resurrected proteins across early vertebrates and show that the earliest forms were characterized by much faster rates of retinal release than more recent ancestors. We also show that scotopic vision at the origin of tetrapods is a derived state that arose via at least 4 major shifts in retinal release rate. Our results suggest that early rhodopsin had a function intermediate to that of modern rod and cone pigments and that its well-developed adaptation to low light is a relatively recent innovation since the origin of tetrapods.
Regenerative and durable small-diameter graft as an arterial conduit
Authors: Elliott Morgan B. , Ginn Brian , Fukunishi Takuma , Bedja Djahida , Suresh Abhilash , Chen Theresa , Inoue Takahiro , Dietz Harry C. , Santhanam Lakshmi , Mao Hai-Quan , Hibino Narutoshi , Gerecht Sharon
Published: June 2019

Significance

Clinical practice for arterial bypass surgery continues to use autologous vascular tissue harvested from the patient as the gold standard. A functional graft has remained elusive due to postimplantation challenges, including thrombogenicity, mismatched mechanical properties, aneurysmal failure, calcification, and intimal hyperplasia. Many promising graft designs require extensive and complex preparation techniques that impede commercial and clinical translation. Here, we describe the development of acellular off-the-shelf and endothelialized small-diameter vascular grafts in less than 1 week. We establish a durable graft with tailored regenerative capacity that overcomes many postimplantation challenges of arterial bypass grafts.
Improved fused silica fibres for the advanced LIGO monolithic suspensions
Authors: Lee Kyung-Ha , Hammond Giles , Hough James , Jones Russell , Rowan Sheila , Cumming Alan
Published: June 2019

To further increase the sensitivity of the advanced LIGO (aLIGO) gravitational wave detectors, two major upgrades of the monolithic fused silica suspension are considered: a higher stress in the suspension fibres and a longer final suspension stage. One of the challenges for this upgrade will be producing thinner and longer fibres that can hold the test mass safely. We demonstrate that laser power fluctuations during the fibre fabrication process can produce diameter variations and potentially weak fibres. We present a laser intensity stabilisation technology for fused silica fibre fabrication using a camera system to monitor heating. Fibres fabricated with this new technique showed a 34% decrease in the interquartile range of measured breaking stress, which indicates that the application of intensity stabilisation technology can improve the statistical strength of fused silica fibres by tightening the spread of values. As the aLIGO detectors upgrade plan (A+) proposes to use thinner fibres, it is essential to enhance the performance of fused silica fibres.
Utilization of dahlia tuber chips for preparation of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) by enzymatic reaction using inulin fructotransferase (IFTase)
Authors: Endah E S , Ratnaningrum D , Kosasih W , Saraswaty V , Priatni S , Pudjiraharti S
Published: June 2019

Dahlia tuber is known as an alternative source of inulin. Inulin is a substrate required for difructose anhydride (DFA) III preparation by an enzymatic reaction. Therefore, dahlia tuber can be used as a raw material for the preparation of DFA III. Our previous investigation successfully produced DFA III from fresh dahlia tuber extract and inulin isolate from fresh dahlia tuber with a yield of 1.86 and 3.56 %, respectively. In this study, we aimed to compare the yield and purity of DFA III produced from dahlia tuber crude extract and inulin fraction prepared from dried slices (chips) of dahlia tuber. The dahlia tuber chips crude extract and inulin isolate were prepared by soaking the dahlia tuber chips in 70 %-v/v ethanol at a ratio of 1:10. The soaked dahlia tuber chips were then further extracted and isolated to obtain the dahlia tuber chip crude extract and inulin isolate. The enzymatic reaction of DFA III was conducted at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 65 °C for 24 hours. The qualitative analysis of DFA III was carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a refractive index (RI) detector was conducted for quantitative analysis. The obtained syrup was decolorized and crystalized. The result showed that the extract gave a higher yield of DFA III (5.3 %) compare to inulin isolate (4.34 %). However, the extract showed a lower purity (93.4 %) compare to inulin isolate (94.35 %). This study confirmed the better potential of dahlia tuber chips than fresh dahlia tuber in producing DFA III.
Preliminary study of biodegradability of starch-based bioplastics using ASTM G21-70, dip-hanging, and Soil Burial Test methods
Authors: Nissa R C , Fikriyyah A K , Abdullah A H D , Pudjiraharti S
Published: June 2019

Biodegradability testing methods being used nowadays have many disadvantages; they are time-consuming, inefficient medium used, and too much sample needed to do the test. This work aimed to study the biodegradability of starch-based bioplastics by modified ASTM G21-70 method using Salt Agar (SA) medium, dip-hanging method using sterile water, and Soil Burial Test (SBT) method. Bioplastics were prepared by mixing cassava starch and glycerol with a ratio of 3:1 (%, w/w) through a series of processes: (1) blending of starch and glycerol for 3 min, (2) extruding of the starch-glycerol mixture by using a single screw extruder at 80-130°C, and (3) compression molding at temperature and pressure of 150°C and 50 kgf/cm2, respectively.Aspergillus nigerwas used as bioplastic-degrading fungi for the modified ASTM G21-70 and dip-hanging methods, while compost-soil was used as a source of bioplastic-degrading microbes in SBT method. Bioplastics of 2x2 cm in size were applied to the tests for 10 days. The growth of fungi on the surface of bioplastics was observed visually at two days intervals.A. nigergrew well on the surface of bioplastic sample in modified ASTM G21-70 method, indicated that the bioplastic could be degraded by the fungi. On the other hand, the growth ofA. nigerwas poor in the dip-hanging method, even though weight loss of 11.5% occurred. Physical properties changing were indicated in the SBT method. On the 10thday, cracks were observed on the surface of the bioplastic sample, the color of the sample became darker even the bioplastic became fragile, and the weight loss reached 29.89%.