bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes from seafood products, its processing environment, and clinical origin in the Western Cape, South Africa using whole genome sequencing
Authors: Lambrechts Karlene , Gouws Pieter , Rip Diane
Published: August 2024

Listeria monocytogenes is a concern in seafood and its food processing environment (FPE). Several outbreaks globally have been linked to various types of seafood. Genetic profiling of L. monocytogenes is valuable to track bacterial contamination throughout the FPE and in understanding persistence mechanisms, with limited studies from South Africa. Forty-six L. monocytogenes isolates from origins: Fish/seafood products (n = 32) (salmon, smoked trout, fresh hake, oysters), the FPE (n = 6), and clinical (n = 8) were included in this study. Lineage typing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and screening for two genes (bcrABC and emrC) conferring sanitizer tolerance was conducted. The seafood and FPE isolates originated from seven different factories processing various seafood products with undetermined origin. All clinical isolates were categorized as lineage I, and seafood and FPE isolates were mostly categorized into lineage II (p < 0.01). Seafood and FPE isolates (53%) carried the bcrABC gene cassette and one fish isolate, the emrC gene. A subset, n = 24, was grouped into serotypes, sequence types (STs), and clonal complexes (CCs) with whole genome sequencing (WGS). Eight CCs and ten STs were identified. All clinical isolates belonged to serogroup 4b, hypervirulent CC1. CC121 was the most prevalent in isolates from food and the FPE. All isolates carried Listeria pathogenicity islands (LIPI) 1 and 2. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were found in certain isolates. We identified genetic determinants linked to enhanced survival in the FPE, including stress survival islets (SSI) and genes conferring tolerance to sanitizers. SSI-1 was found in 44% isolates from seafood and the FPE. SSI-2 was found in all the ST121 seafood isolates. Isolates (42%) harbored transposon Tn1688_qac (ermC), conferring tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds. Five plasmids were identified in 13 isolates from seafood and the FPE. This is the first One Health study reporting on L. monocytogenes genetic diversity, virulence and resistance profiles from various types of seafood and its FPE in South Africa.
Blockchain of Things for Securing and Managing Water 4.0 Applications
Authors: Al-Zoubi A. Y. , Aldmour Mamoun , Khoury Afif , Al-Thaher Dana
Published: August 2024

The design of a smart water monitoring and control system in urban areas plays a pivotal role in providing efficient distribution mechanisms to reduce leakage, especially in regions facing water scarcity and limited resources. The convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology to improve the system’s performance, enhance its security, and provide a decentralized and tamper-proof environment presents an excellent opportunity to evolve the system further and form a state-of-the-art Water 4.0 ecosystem. The proposed Blockchain of Things (BCoT) water system is introduced as a pilot to explore its potential in delivering and managing Water 4.0 applications. An Ethereum platform formed the heart of the BCoT system, while a Raspberry Pi 4 acted as a node to the blockchain that collected data from various sensors and microcontrollers via MQTT programmed by Node-Red. LabVIEW software also provided supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). The BCoT system was tested, and its functionality was verified, showing good promise to take smart water systems to a new level of innovation that may resolve the many challenges faced by countries with limited water resources and address the challenges of the 21st-century “Water 4.0” ecosystem.
Integrating Renewable Energy Through Model-Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Ben Khalifa Romdhane , Naoui Mohamed , Sbita Lassaad
Published: August 2024

The urgent global push towards energy sources has increased the demand for incorporating renewable energy into existing power systems. This study delves into how model-based systems engineering (MBSE) can be used to tackle the complex challenges of integrating renewable energy technologies. The suggested method employs system modeling techniques to thoroughly assess, design, and optimize the integration of renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydropower into traditional power grids. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE), an innovative methodology that leverages detailed models through all phases of system development, is revolutionizing the renewable energy sector. It can address complex challenges in the industry, from conceptualization to operation, by enhancing communication, elevating efficiency, and managing complexity.
Modeling of Digital Twin Framework for Management of Human Resources in Industry 4.0
Authors: Ben Khalifa Romdhane
Published: August 2024

Digital twin technology is revolutionizing human resource management in the era of Industry 4.0. Businesses can gain valuable information about their employees by creating digital counterparts of workplaces, processes, and systems. This chapter defines the technology that allows HR teams to monitor employee performance, predict skill shortages, and improve productivity. Moreover, digital twins use predictive analytics to anticipate recruitment needs and pinpoint areas for employee development. As businesses adopt Industry 4.0, digital twin technology will transform human resource management's future.
Toward Industry 4.0 Deep Learning Applications in Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Ben Khalifa Romdhane , Naoui Mohamed , Sbita Lassaad
Published: August 2024

Deep learning, a sophisticated subset of artificial intelligence that employs intricate neural networks with multiple layers, is steadily transforming the manufacturing landscape in our current era of Industry 4.0. As an advanced form of machine learning, deep learning is proficient in handling complex problems, untangling unstructured data, and processing voluminous datasets, which are common in manufacturing. This chapter aims to decode the intricate connection between deep learning and manufacturing, shedding light on how neural networks and artificial intelligence in manufacturing are redefining traditional processes. Initially, the chapter will review the development of manufacturing and delve into the technicalities of deep learning, followed by specific applications such as automated system modeling and intelligent fault diagnosis. It will further discuss how deep learning contributes to forecasting precision, fosters sustainable manufacturing practices, and upgrades quality control measures.
Introduction to Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hussain Shaik Mazhar
Published: August 2024

This chapter traces the evolution of electric vehicles (EVs) from their conceptual beginnings to modern production. It explores the history of electric drive, key milestones, and early challenges such as battery technology, infrastructure, and consumer acceptance. Highlighting significant advancements, the chapter examines how technological innovations, environmental demands, and shifting consumer preferences have propelled EVs into the mainstream. It also provides a forward-looking analysis of the future of EVs, discussing trends like renewable energy integration, autonomous driving, and vehicle connectivity. The chapter emphasizes the need for continued research, supportive regulations, and the role of EVs in sustainable mobility and climate change mitigation.
Global Structure Preservation and Self-Representation-Based Supervised Feature Selection
Authors: Ye Qing , Sun Yaxin
Published: August 2024

Feature selection aims to select a subset of features from high-dimensional data, which can overcome the curse of dimensionality for the next dealing steps. However, the feature selection itself could face the curse of dimensionality. To overcome the above problem, in this paper, a new feature selection framework is designed according to a human processing in our daily life. In our daily life, to evaluate a candidate's ability to work, the related professional knowledge and the comprehensive ability of a candidate should be both evaluated. Actually, a candidate only with good professional knowledge often hardly solves new problems in the work. Based on the above analysis, in our new designed framework, the features are selected by evaluating its ability of global structure preservation and self-representation, which are respectively similar to the professional knowledge and comprehensive ability in evaluating candidate. As a result, the selected features can accommodate larger changes in test data. The conducted experiments validate the effectiveness of our feature selection.
Comparison between different methods of estimating the developmental stages in a synanthropic scorpion Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876)
Authors: Campos Kleber Agari , Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi , Lira André Felipe Araújo
Published: August 2024

Determining developmental stages is an important tool for monitoring populations of medically important arthropods, including some scorpions species. Therefore, prediction tools for scorpion developmental stages may provide useful information for public health. Thus, this study compared different methods to estimate the developmental stages of the alien and medically important scorpion species Tityus stigmurus collected in São Paulo. We tested the applicability of the following morphometric methods: grouping (K-means and Ward’s), theoretical, and distribution of frequencies for instar estimation in field-caught T. stigmurus individuals. The methods showed similar results up to the 5th instar. Our results corroborate the literature on the non-objectivity of the hierarchical clustering method in determining the exact number of size classes in the sample. We also found that the hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering methods diverged regarding the two largest size classes. The peaks in the frequency curve of the carapace length and the theoretical calculation using a growth factor of 1.26 proved useful in determining the stages of development. Seven size classes were demonstrated, which provide evidence that T. stigmurus individuals can reach maturity at the 6th or 7th instar.
Thirty seconds chair stand performance is associated with six-minute walk test among postmenopausal women: inference from a cross-sectional study among women from India
Authors: Vaish Hina , Sharma Digvijay
Published: August 2024

Menopause is an inevitable yet normal biological process in a woman’s life. The menopausal process has been associated with a decline in muscle strength and functional capacity. Thus, the present study aimed to study the association of the 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30s CST) with the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) among postmenopausal women. Thirty-five postmenopausal women aged 40–55 years were included in this cross-sectional study by purposive sampling method. After initial screening and assessment 30s CST and 6MWT were recorded as per standardised guidelines. The mean and Standard Deviation (SD) for all continuous variables was calculated. Correlations were estimated using Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. A two-tailed p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. There exists a significant positive association of 30s CST values with 6MWD among postmenopausal women. Also, the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scores after the 6MWT were found to be significantly correlated with RPE scores after 30s CST.  In conclusion, there exists a significant positive correlation of 30s CST with 6MWT among postmenopausal women. The 30s CST could be used as an economical and quick physical function assessment measure among postmenopausal women in low-resource settings.
Severe Developmental Delay and Behavior Abnormalities in a Patient with De Novo CAMK2B Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Katherynn K. , Rupar Charles A. , Prasad Chitra
Published: August 2024

The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-beta (CAMK2B) gene is important for calcium signaling and glutamatergic synapses, which impacts neuroplasticity and learning. Mutations in the CAMK2B gene, which cause autosomal dominant mental retardation 54 (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man # 617799), can have multisystemic clinical impact. Due to the rarity of CAMK2B mutations at present, case reports about patients with CAMK2B mutations are limited. The present case report describes a patient with CAMK2B-related disorder confirmed by whole exome sequencing and adds to the current information in the literature. We review three case reports in literature with detailed descriptions of patients presenting with mutations in the CAMK2B gene. While there is a broad spectrum of phenotypic presentations, there appears to be an emerging neurobehavioral phenotype. Optimal management of patients will require attention to behavioral issues as well as involvement of neuropsychiatric expertise along with other supports for development and vision abnormalities.
Exploring the relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and male fertility: A meta-analytic and meta-regression perspective on hormonal and seminal factors
Authors: Bahreiny Seyed Sobhan , Aghaei Mojtaba , Amraei Mahdi , Dabbagh Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To explore the relationship between Hashimoto's autoimmune hypothyroidism (HT) and male fertility, focusing on hormonal and seminal factors.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, covering studies published from January 2000 to March 2024. Studies investigating the impact of HT on semen quality parameters and reproductive hormones were included. Pooled effect estimates were calculated using standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:

A total of 8 studies with 8965 participants were included. HT significantly affected semen quality and reproductive hormone levels. Specifically, there was a notable decrease in progressive morphology (SMD= -0.78; 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.17; P=0.01) and sperm motility (SMD= -1.151; 95% CI: -1.876 to -0.425; P=0.002). In addition, there were no significant changes in reproductive hormones, although there were elevated levels of luteinizing hormone (SMD=0.437; 95% CI: 0.000 to 0.874; P=0.050) and follicle-stimulating hormone (SMD=0.293; 95% CI: -0.171 to 0.758; P=0.216), with a slight impact on testosterone levels (SMD= -1.143; 95% CI: -2.487 to 0.200; P=0.095).

Conclusions:

This systematic review and meta-analysis provides robust evidence of the detrimental effects of HT on semen quality and reproductive hormones, underscoring the necessity for thorough evaluation and management of thyroid function in male infertility assessments.
Clinical real-world effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Chienhsiu , Kuo Sufang , Lin Lichen
Published: August 2024

Background:

According to the Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 in High-Risk Patients (EPIC-HR) study, compared with a placebo, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir significantly reduced the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization or mortality in unvaccinated patients. The Delta variant was the most prevalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant among all treatment recipients in the EPIC-HR study. The Omicron variant is less pathogenic than the Delta variant. The efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in partially or fully immunized patients with Omicron variant-related infections must be further evaluated.

Objectives:

The current meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir based on factors including hospitalization, all-cause mortality, and COVID-19 rebound in patients who were partially or fully immunized against COVID-19.

Methods:

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir based on factors including hospitalization, all-cause mortality, and COVID-19 rebound in patients who were partially or fully immunized against COVID-19. It included 26 studies that directly examined the clinical efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir versus placebo in adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by the Omicron variant. The search criteria comprised keywords such as hospitalization, all-cause mortality, and COVID-19 rebound.

Results:

The all-cause mortality risk was reduced by 59% in patients aged ≥65 years. However, their hospitalization risk decreased by only 36%. The reduction in all-cause mortality and hospitalization risk was similar between patients with low and high COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Patients receiving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir had a higher incidence of COVID-19 rebound than those receiving a placebo. However, the hospitalization risk and all-cause mortality of adult patients with COVID-19 treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir reduced by 53% and 57%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The current meta-analysis of 26 studies indicates that adult patients with COVID-19 treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir reduced the risk of hospitalization by 53% and all-cause mortality by 57% compared to a placebo.
An in vitro assessment of optimizing implant positions in bilateral distal extension implant-assisted removable partial dentures: A microstress analysis
Authors: Bhattacharya Dipayan , Ponnanna A.A , Jingade Ranganatha Rao K. , Maiti Subhabrata , Rai Nitesh , Gopalkrishna Muralidhar
Published: August 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the stress distribution on dental implants in various positions when used with implant-assisted removable partial dentures.

Settings and Design:

This was an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:

A model representing a mandibular bilateral partially edentulous condition, with missing premolars and molars, was fabricated using epoxy resin. Two implants of similar diameter measuring 4.0 mm × 10 mm (Dentium, Korea) were inserted in the second molar and the second premolar region on either side of the model for comparing the biomechanical effect of various implant locations. Two types of loads 100N and 125N were applied vertically using universal testing machines in the premolar and molar regions. The loads on the implants beneath the cast partial denture were measured by physical stress analysis using a microstrain gauge.

Statistical Analysis Used:

A comparison of maximum stress observed at the premolar versus molar regions due to the application of the 100N and 125N loads was done using the Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results:

In physical stress analysis, obtained results were statistically analyzed, and the result was statistically not significant (P = 0.435 at 100N and P = 0.718 at 125N) in positional changes of implant.

Conclusion:

In the current study, the statistical analysis of physical stress revealed no significant differences in stress values between the loadings at the premolar and molar regions. This suggests that the implant can be placed in either the premolar or molar region based on the availability of bone without affecting stress distribution.
Evaluation of marginal bone level, technical and biological complications between screw-retained and cement-retained all-ceramic implant-supported crowns on zirconia abutment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Potdukhe Shruti S. , Iyer Janani M. , Nadgere Jyoti B.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in marginal bone level, technical and biological complications between screw-retained and cemented all-ceramic implant-supported crowns fabricated on zirconia abutment at different follow-up periods.

Materials and Methods:

Independent search was conducted in Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and PubMed/PubMed Central/MEDLINE databases and the Google Scholar search engine for prospective studies and randomized controlled trials published between January 2014 and June 2023 evaluating the marginal bone level, technical and biological complications between screw-retained and cemented all-ceramic implant-supported crowns fabricated on zirconia abutment. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the quantitative data on the marginal bone level and biological complications.

Results:

A total of eight studies were included for qualitative synthesis and six studies for quantitative synthesis. For marginal bone level, no statistically significant difference was observed (P = 0.83 and P = 0.69, respectively) during the follow-up period of 3 years and 5 years. For probing depth, the cemented group showed more amount of probing depth than the screw-retained group at a follow-up period of 3 years (P < 0.05) whereas no statistically significant difference was observed at a follow-up period of 5 years (P = 0.73). For bleeding on probing, the cemented group showed more probing depth than the screw-retained group at a follow-up period of 5 years (P = 0.10).

Conclusion:

The evidence suggests that the screw-retained group showed no statistically significant difference in marginal bone level, comparatively fewer biological complications, and relatively higher technical complications than the cemented group at different follow-up periods.
Vesical Endometriosis in a male patient on treatment for papillary urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Sarkar Pallab Kumar , Koslowski Matthias , Streeter Edward
Published: August 2024

Endometriosis denotes the abnormal growth of tissue resembling endometrium in ectopic sites and has largely been studied in women of reproductive age. It is an extremely rare phenomenon in men. We came across an exceptional clinical scenario of histologically proven bladder endometriosis in a 66-year-old man in relook bladder biopsy following completion of adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin induction course for G3pTa bladder cancer. We have pencilled down pathophysiology and commonly seen predisposing factors for “endometriosis in male patients” from available case reports and applied those findings to hypothesise the disease profile of our patient in this case report.
Internist’s tumour into thyroid: A case report
Authors: Sarkar Pallab Kumar , Nissanka-Jayasuria Eranga , Eraibey Muhammad , Kommu Sashi
Published: August 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is well known for its unpredictable and diverse behaviour, with tendency to cause synchronous or metachronous metastasis to unusual site, which is why it is called the “internist’s tumour.”Although thyroid gland is an infrequent site for metastasis of different primary malignancies, metastatic RCC is one of the most common secondary thyroid malignancies. Diagnosis relies on a high index of suspicion in patients with prior RCC, combined with cross-sectional imaging and biopsy. A case of secondary thyroid neoplasm from RCC after 13 years of radical nephrectomy is described with clinicopathological features and literature review.
Optical iridectomy: A stop-gap for penetrating keratoplasty in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Ocheni Samuel Enejo , Oseji Daniel Ikechukwu , Megbelayin Emmanuel Olu , Adepoju Feyi Grace
Published: August 2024

Corneal opacities are a major source of corneal morbidity in Africa and many resource-limited parts of the world. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of specialist corneal services either from lack of manpower or non-availability of materials and tools. This makes penetrating keratoplasty inaccessible from prohibitive cost or lack of donors. The index case was a 45-year-old indigent female farmer who presented with a right atrophic eye and defective vision on the left eye due to stick injury from farm work. Examination revealed a 2/60 eccentric vision and extensive adherent leukoma on the left eye. Superonasal optical iridectomy was done and vision improved to 6/18 with correction at sixth postoperative week. In conclusion, optical iridectomy, in selected patients, can restore useful vision.
Comparing the effects of pre-emptive oxycodone, diclofenac, and gabapentin on postoperative pain after tibia fracture surgery: A randomized clinical trail
Authors: Abrishami Ramin , Ranjbar Mehri Farhang , Modir Amirreza , Hejazi Seyyed Kamal
Published: August 2024

Background:

Postoperative pain (POP) is one of the most common and most important types of pain.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of pre-emptive oxycodone, diclofenac, and gabapentin on postoperative pain (POP) among patients with tibia fracture surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This double-blind three-group randomised controlled trial was conducted in 2023. Participants were 111 candidates for tibia fracture surgery under general anaesthesia. They were randomly allocated to oxycodone, gabapentin, and diclofenac groups through block randomisation. Baseline arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure were documented before surgery and POP and sedation status were measured during postoperative recovery and 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery. Postoperative opioid analgesic use was also documented. The data were analysed using the SPSS software (v. 20.0) at a significance level of less than 0.05.

Results:

Groups did not significantly differ from each other respecting participants’ baseline age, gender, body mass index, arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure, and surgery duration (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences among the groups respecting POP and sedation status at different measurement time points (P > 0.05), except for six hours after surgery at which the POP mean score in the gabapentin group was significantly less than the other two groups (P = 0.001). Among-group differences respecting postoperative use of opioid analgesics and medication side effects were also insignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Pre-emptive oxycodone, diclofenac, and gabapentin significantly reduce POP among patients with tibia fracture surgery, though gabapentin may produce more significant analgesic effects. All these three medications can be used for pre-emptive analgesia. Of course, the best pre-emptive analgesic agent is determined based on the opinion of the treating physician.
Assessment of shoulder joint derangements with magnetic resonance imaging in adult Nigerians
Authors: Idowu Bukunmi Michael , Onigbinde Stephen Olaoluwa , Afolabi Babalola Ishmael , Ogholoh Oghenetejiri Denise , Nwafor Nkem Nnenna , Okedere Tolulope Adebayo
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

Shoulder pain secondary to various aetiologies is a common musculoskeletal complaint worldwide, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most accurate imaging method for evaluating shoulder pain in all age groups. While the patterns of shoulder MRI abnormalities in various demographics have been reported, data on sub-Sahara African populations are still sparse. This study aims to describe the imaging features and spectrum of shoulder joint pathologies on MRI in adult Nigerians.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective review of the shoulder MRI of 100 adult Nigerians (with and without trauma) from September 2020 to December 2021. Their clinical data and shoulder MRI findings were extracted and analysed. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

There were 64 males and 36 females aged 18–82 years. Right shoulder MRI was done in 53 subjects (53%), while the left shoulder was studied in 47 (47%). Supraspinatus tendinopathy (73%), acromioclavicular joint arthropathy (68%), and subacromial-subdeltoid (SASD) bursitis (64%) were the most frequently detected pathologies. Other demonstrated derangements include glenohumeral joint effusion (24%), long head of biceps tendon sheath effusion (18%), labral abnormalities (16%), subcoracoid bursitis (4%), Hill Sach’s deformity (3%), anterior glenohumeral dislocation (2%), fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus/infraspinatus muscles (2%), adhesive capsulitis (1%), and other bony abnormalities (contusion, erosion, subchondral cysts). There was no significant difference in the frequency of shoulder abnormalities between the male and female subjects.

Conclusion:

Acromioclavicular joint arthropathy, SASD bursitis, and rotator cuff disorders were the dominant pathologies in the participants’ shoulders.
Domestic violence against women with infertility attending gynaecological clinics in Northern Nigeria: A multi-centre study
Authors: Ashimi Adewale Olufemi , Aminu Muhammad Baffah , Adewale Folorunsho Benard , Abdurrahman Aisha , Muhammad Yunus Eze
Published: August 2024

Background:

Due to the high premium placed on childbearing, infertility puts a lot of stress on the family which may result in aggressive and irrational behaviour if not properly managed. Domestic violence (DV) against infertile women is a public health issue but under-reported especially in northern Nigeria.

Objectives:

This study sought to identify the prevalence, pattern, and response to DV.

Materials and Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at three tertiary health facilities; one in each of the geopolitical zones in northern Nigeria. Using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire; the prevalence, pattern, and response to DV were determined among 422 respondents who were attending the gynaecological clinics of the three health facilities. The data obtained was entered into SPSS version 22.0 and analysed.

Results:

The prevalence of DV among women with infertility in the previous year was 39.8% (167/422). Among the survivors, 92.8% (155/167), 35.3% (59/167), and 10.7% (18/167) had experienced psychological aggression, physical assault, and sexual violence, respectively. A significant number of respondents who reported DV were Christians (P = 0.01). Of them, 77 (46.1%) never discussed the issue with anyone, 72 (43.1%) informed their family, and 30 (18.0%) sought help from the husband’s family.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of DV among women with infertility is high, psychological aggression is the most typical form of DV experienced while about half have never reported the incidence to anyone. Screening infertile women for DV during their visit to the gynecological clinics would be beneficial; those found to have experienced DV should be counselled and supported appropriately.
Management of painful blind eye in Africa: A review
Authors: Kayoma Dumebi Hedwig , Oronsaye Darlingtess Abies
Published: August 2024

Background:

Painful blind eye conditions in Africa constitute a compelling area of concern within public health, presenting substantial complexities for healthcare systems and the individuals afflicted. This comprehensive review delves into recent research and advancements concerning the management of these conditions across the African region. Drawing upon contemporary studies and data, we scrutinise the multifaceted aspects, including prevalence rates, causative factors, and regional variations.

Objective:

To review existing articles on the current state of the management of blind painful eye conditions in Africa.

Materials and Methods:

Articles regarding the subject were obtained from Google Scholar, AJOL, and PubMed using the keywords, painful, blind eye (PBE), Africa.

Results:

Forty-four relevant articles were reviewed. They were further categorized into epidemiology, management approaches and challenges to management.

Conclusion:

The management of the PBE poses a huge challenge and can either be medical or surgical. Collaborative efforts should be targeted at preventing the causes of a PBE. As the burden of painful blind eye conditions continues to exert a profound impact across Africa, this article underscores the pressing need for collaborative efforts involving governments, non-governmental organisations, and international entities. By prioritising awareness and enhancing healthcare accessibility, we collectively strive towards the alleviation of suffering and the prevention of avoidable visual impairment in this region.
Spectrum of carotid arterial Doppler abnormalities among stroke patients at a tertiary care centre in North West Nigeria
Authors: Hikima Mustapha Shu’aibu , Lawal Yusuf , Isyaku Kabir , Kazaure Idris Sule , Suwaid Muhammad Abba , Ismail Anas
Published: August 2024

Background:

Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It also represents one of the most common causes of disability, affecting both children and adults. The identification of risk factors for stroke is critical in preventing its occurrence. Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the most significant risk factors of stroke, yet it is not routinely evaluated in these patients.

Materials and Methods:

We prospectively recruited 119 patients aged ≥18 years with stroke confirmed by computed tomography scan. The risk factors for stroke in these patients were identified, and carotid artery Doppler was performed to identify those with atherosclerosis.

Results:

Eighty-one (68%) of the 119 subjects showed abnormalities in the carotid arteries in the form of increased IMT or atheromatous plaque. The mean ± SD IMT of the right common carotid artery (CCA) was 1.07 ± 0.25 mm and 1.08 ± 0.26 mm for the left CCA. The IMT mean ± SD of the right and left ICA were 0.99 ± 0.18 mm and 0.99 ± 0.17 mm, respectively. There were 36 patients (30.2%) with atheromatous plaques, of which 57.8% were unstable and liable to rupture. The carotid bulbs were the most common sites for plaques, accounting for 47.2% of cases. No abnormalities in velocimetric indices were recorded.

Conclusion:

Carotid atherosclerosis is common in stroke patients and is a major risk factor. The evaluation of stroke patients for carotid atherosclerosis is rarely done, as most of the subjects examined only had it for the first time in this study after development of stroke.
A comparison of fascia iliaca compartment block with intravenous analgesia to improve pain control in patients with femoral fracture
Authors: Usman Mohammed Adinoyi , Rabiu Mohammed Bashir , Salahu Dalhat
Published: August 2024

Background:

The most common approach to managing severe pain following femoral fracture is with intravenous systemic analgesics, such as opioid analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs associated with side effects such as respiratory depression, nausea, and vomiting. These side effects might be intolerable in trauma patients and may result in under treatment of pain. Improving the quality of analgesia may reduce these intolerable side effects. Our study compared the efficacy of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) with intravenous analgesics for preoperative pain management of femoral fractures.

Patients and Methods:

The study was a quality improvement prospective randomised study, where 50 patients aged between 18 and 65 years, and American society of anesthesiologists I and II were recruited into two groups. Group A received FICB with a combination of 0.4 mL/kg of 0.5% plain bupivacaine and adrenaline 1:200,000 made up to 30 mL, while group B received placebo FICB using 30 mL normal saline. Also, group B received a combination of intravenous paracetamol 15 mg/kg not exceeding 900 mg and tramadol 1 mg/kg not exceeding 100 mg, while group A received an equal volume as normal saline intravenously.

Results:

The study revealed no significant difference in age, gender, associated injuries, X-ray description of fractures, and mechanism of injuries; however, there was a significant difference in the NRS-pain score at 30 min, summed pain intensity difference for 4 h and patient satisfaction in the FICB group compared to the standard group.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that FICB results in better pain control compared to a combination of intravenous tramadol and paracetamol in patients with femoral fractures.
An Adult with Acute Breathlessness and Unilateral Diffuse Alveolar Opacities
Authors: Gowrinath Karanam , Reddy Chirra Bhakthavatsala
Published: August 2024

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is typically bilateral and results from the accumulation of excessive fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs caused by left ventricular failure. Cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary edema (CUPE) is uncommon and most often documented in severe mitral regurgitation. CUPE in other cardiac diseases such as coronary artery disease is rare and occasionally associated with prolonged lateral decubitus position or vascular perfusion mismatch between lungs either congenital such as pulmonary artery agenesis or acquired due to preexisting lung conditions such as compensatory emphysema following lobectomy. The radiologic opacities of CUPE does not have characteristic features as described with bilateral pulmonary edema. The possibility of CUPE is often not considered initially as its clinical/radiologic features often resemble or are mistaken as pneumonia resulting in diagnostic delay and higher mortality.
Evaluation of Prevalence and Patterns of Oncogenic Driver Mutations in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer in a Tertiary Care Center - A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kozhikodenveettil Shilpa Thippilikkat , Azeez Ameer Karavathukudy
Published: August 2024

Background:

Better understanding of the molecular pathways that drive malignancy led to the development of agents that target specific molecular pathways that target the malignant cells. Identification of specific driver mutation is the key to targeted therapy in advanced nonsmall-cell carcinomas. This study was done to assess the prevalence and patterns of driver oncogenic mutations in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among the patients subjected to molecular study in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study done in 1.5 years in a tertiary care center in 103 patients diagnosed with NSCLC. Patients with NSCLC were subjected to molecular study in the department of oncology as a part of management. The demographics, clinical details, laboratory parameters, and pathology were noted from the medical records. The molecular study was done from the biopsied specimen in an outside laboratory. The frequency of driver oncogenic mutation, along with other clinical parameters was studied.

Results:

Out of 103 patients subjected to the study, 46 (44.6%) subjects had driver oncogenic mutations. Among them, 38 (36.9%) subjects had epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, 7 (6.8%) had anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutations, and 1 (1%) had ROS mutation.

Conclusion:

The frequency of driver oncogenic mutations is higher in our population, compared to the Western population. From a clinical point of view, there is a dire need for advocacy and increased awareness for screening and early detection of thoracic malignancies, and advanced treatment options, including targeted therapy, so that disease-related morbidity and mortality can be reduced to an extent.
Conjunctival impression cytology and tear film changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with severity of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sahu Juhi , Vallinayagam Muthukrishnan , Srikanth Krishnagopal , Srini Sowmya
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE:

Dry eye symptoms can substantially affect the quality of life and visual outcome. There are several studies on ocular surface changes reported in diabetic patients. There is limited literature defining the relationship between dry eye with diabetic retinopathy (DR). The study aimed to find out the correlation of dry eye with the severity of DR.

METHODS:

In a cross-sectional observational study, we recorded the grading of dry eye in patients with DR on Schirmer’s, tear film breakup time (TBUT), and impression cytology. We correlated the severity of dry eye with the severity of retinopathy using Spearman’s correlation and Kruskal–Wallis test. We also found a significant correlation between glycemic control and the severity of dry eye. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

One hundred and eighty-four eyes of 96 patients with DR were assessed. One hundred and fifty-eight eyes with nonproliferative DR and thirty-four eyes with proliferative DR were included in the study. Mean Schirmer’s and TBUT values were 15.4 ± 5.8 mm and 10.1 ± 2.8 s, respectively. Average impression cytology grade on Modified Nelson’s grading was found to be Grade 3. A positive correlation was found between the severity of dry eye with the severity of DR on Schirmer’s, TBUT, and impression cytology.

CONCLUSION:

Diabetics with severe grades of retinopathy had poor tear function along with compared to those with milder grades of DR. Hence, routine screening of the ocular surface should become a part of diabetic eye evaluation.
Artificial intelligence algorithm for neoplastic cell percentage estimation and its application to copy number variation in urinary tract cancer
Authors: Jeong Jinahn , Kim Deokhoon , Ryu Yeon-Mi , Park Ja-Min , Yoon Sun Young , Ahn Bokyung , Kim Gi Hwan , Jeong Se Un , Sung Hyun-Jung , Lee Yong Il , Kim Sang-Yeob , Cho Yong Mee
Published: August 2024

Background: Bladder cancer is characterized by frequent mutations, which provide potential therapeutic targets for most patients. The effectiveness of emerging personalized therapies depends on an accurate molecular diagnosis, for which the accurate estimation of the neoplastic cell percentage (NCP) is a crucial initial step. However, the established method for determining the NCP, manual counting by a pathologist, is time-consuming and not easily executable. Methods: To address this, artificial intelligence (AI) models were developed to estimate the NCP using nine convolutional neural networks and the scanned images of 39 cases of urinary tract cancer. The performance of the AI models was compared to that of six pathologists for 119 cases in the validation cohort. The ground truth value was obtained through multiplexed immunofluorescence. The AI model was then applied to 41 cases in the application cohort that underwent next-generation sequencing testing, and its impact on the copy number variation (CNV) was analyzed. Results: Each AI model demonstrated high reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.82 to 0.88. These values were comparable or better to those of pathologists, whose ICCs ranged from 0.78 to 0.91 in urothelial carcinoma cases, both with and without divergent differentiation/ subtypes. After applying AI-driven NCP, 190 CNV (24.2%) were reclassified with 66 (8.4%) and 78 (9.9%) moved to amplification and loss, respectively, from neutral/minor CNV. The neutral/minor CNV proportion decreased by 6%. Conclusions: These results suggest that AI models could assist human pathologists in repetitive and cumbersome NCP calculations.
Exact big Ramsey degrees for finitely constrained binary free amalgamation classes
Authors: Balko Martin , Chodounský David , Dobrinen Natasha , Hubička Jan , Konečný Matěj , Vena Lluís , Zucker Andy
Published: August 2024

We characterize the big Ramsey degrees of free amalgamation classes in finite binary languages defined by finitely many forbidden irreducible substructures, thus refining the recent upper bounds given by Zucker. Using this characterization, we show that the Fraïssé limit of each such class admits a big Ramsey structure satisfying the infinite Ramsey theorem, implying that the automorphism group of the Fraïssé limit has a metrizable universal completion flow.
Hybrid Survival Analysis Model for Predicting Automotive Component
Failures
Authors: Mahdev Akash Ravishankar , Muralimohan Pramod , Reddy Hemanjaneya , Mathur Rachit
Published: August 2024

A study on different survival analysis methodologies to predict when an
automotive component failure can occur. By studying the various univariate and
multivariate survival analysis methods and models available, we aim to develop a
hybrid model that amalgamates the multiple survival analysis methods. The model
takes the advantages that certain models provide and mitigate the disadvantages
of other models to provide an enhanced time to failure analysis. This paper
takes a deep dive into four different survival analysis models, namely,
Kaplan–Meier, Cox proportional hazards model, and two ensemble models, random
survival forest and gradient boosting. The novel hybrid model proposed in this
paper combines the stand-alone models in a weighted sum approach to provide the
best predictive capabilities. The proposed hybrid model provides a significant
improvement over stand-alone models in forecasting the number of failures. The
paper studies two different sets of data, which gives a detailed understanding
of the effects that different models have on the data. The aforementioned
techniques are employed to assess component failures in automotive vehicles,
contributing to enhanced product reliability and overall user satisfaction.
Analysis of the determinants of savings among cassava processors in Imo State
Authors: Igwe L.U. , Igwe K.C. , Ibeagwa O.B. , Anyiam K.H. , Enoch O.C.
Published: August 2024

This study analyzed the factors that determine savings of cassava processors in Imo State. 180 cassava processors were randomly  selected from the 6 Local Government Areas of Imo State to constitute the sample size. Data were collected through the administration of  structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of data. The results  showed that 75% of the cassava processors were females, a relatively large proportion (38.9%) of the processors were within the age  range of 41-50years with a mean age of 43years and a mean processing experience of 8years. 51.67% of the cassava processors saved  using thrift (akawo), 33.89% of these processors saved between N20,000 and N40,000 and this percentage saved on a weekly basis.  53.33% of the processors processed their tubers into garri, 37.5% of the garri processors earned between N100,000-N150,000 monthly. The garri processing enterprise was seen to have an average propensity to save of 33.4%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that  total income from both processing and nonprocessing activity, marital status, household size, processing experience, interest, and membership of cooperative were significant in determining savings. It is therefore recommended that low interest loan should be given  to the processors of cassava products to enable them expand their enterprises and thus enhance their income and savings. Also, local  saving platforms should be developed so as to make it more responsive to modern day financial activities.
Implementasi Aplikasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Mengajar Guru untuk Mendukung Kurikulum Merdeka.
Authors: Ramadhani Rahmi , Meizar Abdul , Eliawati Titim , Bina Nuraini Sri , Nisa Hida Ratu
Published: August 2024

Kurikulum Merdeka merupakan kurikulum pendidikan nasional yang memfokuskan pada pemenuhan kebutuhan belajar siswa yang disesuaikan dengan perkembangan teknologi. Integrasi teknologi dalam pendidikan merupakan poin utama dalam mendukung pemenuhan belajar siswa sesuai dengan kompetensi yang dimiliki. Namun, integrasi teknologi dalam pendidikan belum optimal dilakukan, khususnya yang disesuaikan dengan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Integrasi teknologi yang belum optimal disebabkan karena rendahnya keterampilan guru dalam menggunakan aplikasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang mendukung Kurikulum Merdeka. Merujuk permasalahan tersebut, maka kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mengajar guru menggunakan aplikasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Aplikasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang digunakan merupakan aplikasi yang dikembangkan dan disesuaikan dengan komponen pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Mitra kegiatan merupakan guru-guru di SMP Swasta Letjen Jamin Ginting's Berastagi yang berjumlah 20 orang. Metode pelaksananaan kegiatan dilakukan dengan tiga cara, yakni sosialisasi, demonstrasi, dan pendampingan. Angket keterampilan digunakan baik sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan dan setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan dan dievaluasi serta dijabarkan secara kuantitatif. Evaluasi angket menghasilkan temuan dimana terdapat peningkatan keterampilan mengajar guru dengan menggunakan aplikasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi sebesar 75,16% (kategori Baik). Berdasarkan hasil analisis, maka kegiatan penerapan aplikasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi direkomendasikan untuk dilanjutkan dalam skala yang lebih luas melalui kerjasama dengan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Karo