bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARTE DA SOMBRA
Authors: Santos André Tomás , Luís Luís , Aubry Thierry
Published: November 2019

Este texto debruça-se sobre a rocha 7 da Faia, um dos sítios que compõem o conjunto de arte paleolítica do Vale do Côa. Trata-se do segundo espaço parietal deste sítio criado durante o Paleolítico Superior, muito provavelmente durante o intervalo temporal compreendido entre o Gravettense e o Solutrense médio. Contrariamente à maior parte dos espaços parietais do Côa, este não se encontra ao ar livre, mas sob abrigo, em zona de penumbra. A composição que nele se encontra é constituída apenas por uma cerva e uma possível unidade gráfica não figurativa, ambas conseguidas por picotagem. Na primeira parte do texto serão descritos a metodologia de estudo, o sítio e a rocha em si. Ao longo dos capítulos 4 a 6 será discutida a importância da rocha nos contextos do sítio, do Vale do Côa e da arte paleolítica da Península Ibérica.
“CORDUBA, EL MONS MARIANUS Y EL CONVENTUS CORDUBENSIS”
Authors: Neila Juan Francisco Rodríguez
Published: November 2019

Este artigo analisa uma região montanhosa da Hispânia romana, o Conventus Cordubensis, cuja capital ficava em Colonia Patricia Corduba, que também era a sede do governador da província Baetica. Estudamos este espaço geográfico de diferentes perspectivas. Em primeiro lugar, a sua organização territorial, a rede de comunicações e os principais centros populacionais. Na segunda parte, é considerado o importante papel administrativo exercido por Corduba no seu conventus. Finalmente, são avaliados os recursos económicos de Mons Marianus (florestas, pastagens, gado, etc.), dando-se especial atenção à mineração, que foi o setor produtivo mais destacado naquela área montanhosa do sul da Hispânia.
Lenguas en desplazamiento. Representaciones literarias de problemáticas lingüísticas en la e(in)migración italiana en Argentina
Authors: Bravo Herrera Fernanda
Published: November 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en una selección significativa de textos italianos y argentinos diferentes representaciones de las problemáticas lingüísticas vinculadas con el fenómeno de la e(in)migración italiana en Argentina. La lectura, desde la literatura comparada y desde la sociocrítica, se propone reconstruir las varias perspectivas ideológicas que configuran los encuentros culturales provocados por desplazamientos migratorios, que determinan las reestructuraciones identitarias y son visibles en los reacomodamientos lingüísticos, a través de los conflictos o de sus resoluciones. De esta manera se espera delinear, en la inscripción de las representaciones y estilizaciones lingüísticas, una lectura semiótica de las reconfiguraciones identitarias en vinculación con los procesos migratorios.
Notas de una investigación: migración, clandestinidad y puesta en juego de la identidad.
Authors: Bertoni Gaspar
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo surge como resultado parcial de un proyecto de adscripción en investigación realizado en la cátedra Literaturas Francesa e Italiana (FHUC –UNL). Nuestro propósito al respecto es reparar en el relato de viaje migratorio como objeto de estudio que pueda dar cuenta de la insuficiencia delconcepto de «nacional» en el campo de la literatura. Primeramente, postularemos un marco teórico en el cual daremos cuenta de la necesidad de pensar la identidad cultural en relación con la literatura y de posicionarnos desde el campo de los estudios comparados para entender la migración como unfenómeno que nos permita cuestionar las relaciones establecidas en el campo literario. Posteriormente, expondremos parte de los aportes de los que nos servimos para pensar el relato de viajes como habilitador de nuevas cuestiones identitarias propuestas para la lectura de la novela de Pap Khouma.
Maquiavelos «senza virtù»: a propósito de las realidades del realismo político
Authors: García Saez José Antonio
Published: November 2019

Hans J. Morgenthau es uno de los autores más representativos del realismo en las relaciones internacionales. Su obra, sin embargo, ha sido recibida en España y otros países de forma un tanto sesgada, descuidando fundamentalmente aquellos elementos de su teoría que guardan relación con la moral. Este trabajo da cuenta de los elementos comunes a los autores del realismo clásico del siglo XX. A continuación, se profundiza en las particularidades del realismo de Morgenthau y se apuntan algunos sus principales desarrollos e influencias contemporáneas.
Analisis Mineralogi dan Kandungan Kimia Endapan Lumpur Sidoarjo dan Arah Pemanfaatannya
Authors: Winarno Tri , Gunawan Yeremia Billy Agustha , Marin Jenian
Published: November 2019

Semburan lumpur Sidoarjo mengeluarkan volume sebesar ±80.000 m3setiap hari dan hanya dapat diatasi ±60.000 m3 dengan cara mengalirkannya ke laut melalui Kali Porong. Surplus endapan lumpur tersebut meluap dan menggenangi daerah di sekitar pusat semburan lumpur sehingga menimbulkan masalah. Artikel ini memuat analisis mineralogi dan kandungan kimia dari endapan lumpur Sidoarjo sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sesuai karakteristiknya. Sampel lumpur dinalisa menggunakan metode X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) untuk mengetahui mineralogi dan kandungan kimianya. Genesis dari endapan Lumpur Sidoarjo diinterpretasikan berasal dari batuan sedimen vulkaniklastik Formasi Kalibeng Atas yang bercampur dengan endapan Aluvial (Qa) karena mineral-mineral lempung yang dijumpai didominasi oleh mineral montmorillonit. Keberadaan Zona Sesar Watukosek yang memanjang dari Kompleks Gunungapi Arjuno-Welirang diinterpretasikan memberikan kontrol struktur terhadap pembentukan gunungapi lumpur Sidoarjo. Pemanfaatan endapan Lumpur Sidoarjo berdasarkan mineralogi dan kandungan kimianya dikelompokkan menjadi lima bidang, yaitu kesehatan, pertanian, perikanan, industri, dan kosmetik. Setiap bidang pemanfaatan membutuhkan mineral-mineral lempung khusus sehingga endapan Lumpur Sidoarjo harus diolah terlebih dahulu untuk menghilangkan unsur pengotor, mineral berat, pengecilan ukuran, peningkatan kemampuan absorpsi, dan kapasitas tukar kation.
On minimal model theory for log abundant lc pairs
Authors: Hashizume Kenta , Hu Zheng-Yu
Published: November 2019

Under the assumption of the minimal model theory for projective klt pairs of dimension n, we establish the minimal model theory for lc pairs

(

X
/
Z

,
Δ
)

{(X/Z,\Delta)}

such that the log canonical divisor is relatively log abundant and its restriction to any lc center has relative numerical dimension at most n.
We also give another detailed proof of results by the second author, and study termination of log MMP with scaling.
Greatest common divisors of analytic functions and Nevanlinna theory on algebraic tori
Authors: Levin Aaron , Wang Julie Tzu-Yueh
Published: November 2019

We study upper bounds for the counting function of common zeros of two meromorphic functions in various contexts. The proofs and results are inspired by recent work involving greatest common divisors in Diophantine approximation, to which we introduce additional techniques to take advantage of the stronger inequalities available in Nevanlinna theory. In particular, we prove a general version of a conjectural “asymptotic gcd” inequality of Pasten and the second author, and consider moving targets versions of our results.
Mvgen: Multi Version Question Generation for Math Courses
Authors: Brito Irene , Almeida José João , Machado Gaspar J.
Published: November 2019

A question generating system developed in Perl that uses LaTeX as typographical language is presented, which, besides random generation of different question types, allows a random creation of a large number of different test versions. Examples of question types in mathematics (Linear Algebra and Discrete Mathematics) are provided and the associated generation strategies are explained.
Statistical model used to assessment the sulphate resistance of mortars with fly ashes
Authors: Marczewska Julia , Jaworska Monika
Published: November 2019

The use of low (LCFA) and high (HCFA) calcium fly ashes in the cement industry allows the implementation of European Union proposals on waste management and energy saving. However, the possibility of using HCFA is limited, because the properties of such waste from coal-fired power plants must comply with national regulations. The paper shows the effect of partial replacement of Portland cement (OPC) by these fly ashes on the resistance of the sulphate attack of the mortars immersed in a 5% solution of sodium sulphate. In order to determine the optimal amount of ash additive, a research plan was designed using statistical methods using the Gibbs triangle for mixtures. Samples of control mortars of OPC, binary mixtures of HCFA or LCFA and ternary mixtures of HCFA/LCFA were made. The composition of the blends was designed in accordance with the statistical plan of the experiment for mixtures. The testing program included linear strains, compressive strength and microstructure tests using SEM with EDXA and XRD analysis. The results of laboratory tests and statistical analyzes have shown that fly ash has a positive effect on the sulphate resistance of cementitious composites.
The use of official languages in electronic communications in the Valencian local administration
Authors: Català-Oltra Lluís , Penalva-Verdú Clemente
Published: November 2019

The Valencian autonomous community is a bilingual Spanish region where, alongside Spanish, a second language is officially recognized. Yet in many areas of the Valencian administration the language law is not implemented. This article explores the presence of the two official languages in the electronic communications of this region’s city and town council agencies. It combines a variety of methods (use of secondary data, content analysis and a variation of the “mystery shopping” technique) with statistical analysis of data merged into a unit matrix of 397 municipalities. A comparison of present web page data with data from 2005 to 2010 reveals that there has been advancement on the implementation of legal provisions: Spanish monolingual web pages are being replaced by bilingual portals. Evidence also shows a greater presence of Valencian in the official social media accounts and in telephone and email interactions. However, the use of Spanish on public administration websites is still prevalent. Likewise, this study confirms the significant power of the social use of language, influenced in part by the political party in power.
Commodification of African languages in linguistic landscapes of rural Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Banda Felix , Mokwena Lorato
Published: November 2019

English has been portrayed in linguistic landscape literature as the definitive language of commodification. However, using linguistic landscape images from two rural communities in the Northern Cape, South Africa, this article shows how indigenous African languages and localised English are entangled as commodities – whether used independently or in hybridised form – for the sale of various goods and services. We show that the commodification of the languages and hybridised forms speaks to semiotic choices of local authorship of signage and to the influence of local communities’ languaging practices. We propose that commodity status of languages or their linguistic features is variable, since commodified languages or linguistic features as modes derive meanings from the assembled multimodal resources, whose design features as languages or translanguaged “blends”, and their statuses as being in and out of favour, depend on communicative purposes, the kinds of goods and services being marketed and the intended consumers. We conclude that languages, or their linguistic features as modes in signage, should be valued as mobile socio-culturally given and multimodally shaped semiotic resources deployed for communicative impact on consumers in local contexts of use.
Modified live traps increase capture success of semifossorial voles in Alpine meadows
Authors: Mori Emiliano , Allegrini Claudia , Bertolino Sandro
Published: November 2019

Live-trapping of rodents is facilitated by their thigmotaxis (i.e. the tendency to walk along linear structures of the habitat). However, in open habitats, such as meadows and prairies, where linear structures (e.g. rocks and fallen branches) are generally absent and where densities are likely to be low, capturing rodents is often very demanding or ineffective. This applies especially to semifossorial small mammals. Therefore, we developed a technique to increase the capture success of these rodents in Alpine meadows. We applied a box in Tetrapak® with the perforated floor at the opening of Sherman traps. Semifossorial voles (Microtus spp.), leaving their burrows, would remain in a confined status, in the dark within the Tetrapak®, being forced to enter the trap or to go back in the tunnel. Sherman traps modified with Tetrapak® were positioned immediately upon active burrows, alternating with the same number of unmodified traps. Then, we compared the number of captures with and without this modification. Two trapping sessions were carried out, for 3 days/site each, in eight sites (totally 2784 trap-days). Overall, 55 semifossorial voles were trapped; 41 (74.6%) were caught in modified traps, showing that they increase the capture success of semifossorial voles in Alpine meadows.
The use of segmented-shifted grain-oriented sheets in magnetic circuits of small AC motors
Authors: Mallard Vincent , Demian Cristian , Brudny Jean-François , Parent Guillaume
Published: November 2019

In order to increase energy efficiency of AC rotating machines, one possibility is the use of Grain-Oriented steel sheets to build stator magnetic circuits in order to reduce iron losses. After presenting the general concept considering a non-segmented-shifted sheets prototype recently developed in our laboratory, a segmented structure is introduced. Experimental comparisons between these structures are performed using static machines. The main results are analysed using Finite Element modelling that leads to extract the particular physical concepts which govern these associations.
On the Invention of Identity Politics: The Buraku Outcastes in Japan
Authors: Ramseyer J. Mark
Published: November 2019

Using 14 national censuses and a wide variety of first-hand accounts, I trace the creation of a largely fictive identity for Japan’s putative outcastes and the transformation of their nominal human rights organization into (on several crucial dimensions) a heavily criminal extortion machine. Scholars have long described the outcastes – the “burakumin” – as descended from a pre-modern leather-workers’ guild. Their members suffer discrimination because their ancestors handled carcasses, and ran afoul of a traditional Japanese obsession with ritual purity.

In fact, most burakumin are descended not from leather-workers, but from poor farmers with distinctively dysfunctional norms. Others may or may not have shunned them out of concern for purity, but they certainly would have shunned many of them for their involvement in crime and their disintegrating family structures.

The modern transformation of the buraku began in 1922, when self-described Bolsheviks lauched a buraku “liberation” organization. To fit the group within Marxist historical schema, they invented for it the fictive identity as a leather-workers’ guild that continues to this day. Bitter identity politics followed. Within a few years, criminal entrepreneurs hijacked the new organization, and pioneered a shakedown strategy that coupled violent accusations of bias with demands for massive amounts of money. Selective out-migration and spiraling levels of public subsidies ensued. The logic follows straightforwardly from the economic logic outlined by Becker and Hirschman: given ever-larger amounts of (expropriable) subsidies, burakumin with the lowest opportunity costs faced ever-larger incentives to stay in the buraku and invest in criminal careers; given the virulent public hostility that this strategy generated, those burakumin with the highest legitimate career options abandoned the community and merged into the general public instead.
Leadership identities: Whose construction?
Authors: Holmgreen Lise-Lotte
Published: November 2019

Questioning the assumption that identities can be controlled through a shared organisational culture, the article explores the dispersion of a discourse of diversity into leadership identities in a Danish bank and building society. Underlying this focus is the question of whether a number of local and global influences may interact and lead to the adoption of a shared organisational and leadership norms, identifiable in managers’ constructions of leadership identities. To study these issues, a critical discourse analysis is carried out of interviews with two middle managers in the bank, which involves close analysis of the language used by the respondents to construct their leadership identities. While the respondents present comparable identities to the interviewer, the analysis reveals that the they draw on different discourses and sources of inspiration as well as employ a number of different discursive means to present their respective identities. This, the article argues, may be the result of a number of influences emerging from the individual style of the respondent, the context of the interview and the discourses present both within and outside the organisation.
PCOS serum-derived exosomal miR-27a-5p stimulates endometrial cancer cells migration and invasion
Authors: Che Xiaoxia , Jian Fangfang , Chen Chen , Liu Chang , Liu Gedan , Feng Weiwei
Published: November 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among reproductive-age women. Women with PCOS have a 2.7-fold increased risk for developing endometrial cancer (EC). This study was performed to investigate the potential stimulatory effects of serum exosomes isolated from patients with PCOS on EC cell lines and to explore the underlying mechanism. EC cell lines exposed to exosomes derived from PCOS patients serum exhibited an enhanced migration and invasion phenotype. Next, sequence-based analysis of exosomal miRNA was conducted to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs in serum exosomes from PCOS patients and normal controls. The levels of 55 mature miRNAs significantly differed in serum exosomes from PCOS patients compared with those from normal controls. Real-time PCR was used to verify the expression of eight of these miRNAs, among which miR-27a-5p was the most significantly elevated in PCOS patients serum exosomes. The role of miR-27a-5p in EC migration and invasion was further investigated via miR-27a-5p mimics or inhibitor transfection in Ishikawa and HEC-1A EC cell lines. In addition, the SMAD4 gene was identified as the target of miR-27a-5p by several target prediction databases and was validated by a luciferase assay. SMAD4 mRNA and protein levels were downregulated in EC cells transfected with the miR-27a-5p mimics, but upregulated in cells transfected with the miR-27a-5p inhibitor. Furthermore, in vitro experiments results confirmed that miR-27a-5p prohibited migration and invasion via SMAD4 downregulation. Thus, serum exosomal miR-27a-5p may play a role in EC development in PCOS patients.
The Role of Stromal Proteolytic Systems in Cancer Progression (Review)
Authors: Kugaevskaya E. V. , Timoshenko O. S. , Gureeva T. A. , Solovieva N. I.
Published: November 2019

Oncological diseases belong to life-threatening pathologies being the second most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiovascular diseases. Clarification of carcinogenesis mechanisms makes it possible to expand the stock of tools available for prevention of critical illness accompanying this pathological condition.Nowadays, proteolytic systems of tumor microenvironment (ТМЕ) are regarded as key regulators of a tumor progression including tumor growth, invasion and metastazing. The review discusses ТМЕ structure and role in cancer progression.Recent data decipher the role of proteolytic systems in the interaction stromal cells with tumor cells in different types of cancer in humans. The most known proteolytic systems contributed to cancer progression are matrix metalloproteinase system (MMP), urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (uPA-system), various cathepsins, granzymes, and elastase. Inhibition of extracellular proteolysis in the course of an oncological process is considered an effective approach to cancer therapy.
Supplementation therapy with Antithrombin Drugs in the Combined Treatment of Sepsis
Authors: Redkin I. V. , Lopatin A. F. , Yavorovskiy A. G. , Likhvantsev V. V.
Published: November 2019

Purpose — to assess the efficacy of supplementation therapy for antithrombin deficiency in the combined treatment of sepsis.Materials and methods. A prospective-retrospective study of the efficacy of supplementation therapy for antithrombin deficiency during sepsis was carried out; 90 patients were examined. The patients were split into two groups whether antithrombin deficiency correction was or was not undertaken. The composite outcome — the incidence of cardiovascular complications as of day 28 from the therapy commencement — was chosen as the primary endpoint of the study. The secondary endpoints of the study were prevalence of adverse events as of day 28 from the therapy commencement and 180-day mortality.Results. There was no difference between the groups either in respect of 28-day mortality or composite outcome. Analysis of secondary endpoints revealed that in the group of patients who received antithrombin supplementation therapy, the risk of development of an acute renal injury was significantly lower on day 28 and 180 from therapy commencement: OR 3.5 [95% CI 1.05–11.66] at P=0.04 and OR 2.92 [95% CI 1.02–8.31] at P=0.045, respectively.Conclusion. Correction of antithrombin level to activity level ‘over 61%’ is associated with decreased incidence degree III acute kidney failure (KDIGO).
Homogeneous Deformation of Native Erythrocytes During Long-Term Storage
Authors: Manchenko E. A. , Kozlova E. K. , Sergunova V. A. , Chernysh A. M.
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study — to evaluate biomechanical regularities of deep deformation of native erythrocytes’ membranes during long-term (up to 32 days) storage of erythrocyte suspension.Materials and methods. The method for addressing the said problem was atomic-force spectroscopy. The measured value was hHz comprizing the depth to which the probe immersion process was described by interaction with a homogeneous medium. Empirical and theoretical dependence of the interaction force F (nN) on the probe immersion depth h (nm) — F (h) were obtained. Bar charts of relative frequency density of Young’s modulus E were built.Results. Modulus E changed from 9.3±3.2 kPa — for 3 days of storage, to 22.7±8.7 kPa — for 32 days. Coefficients of skewness were 0.52±0.04 (for day 3) and 0.82±0.09 (for day 32 d), hHz value remaining constant.Conclusion. Progressively as erythrocyte suspension was stored, erythrocyte membranes to the depth of 700 nm deflected homogeneously in spite of 2.4-fold increase of Young’s modulus.
Liver Diseases and the Hemostasis (Rewiew) Part 1. Non-Cholestatic Diseases of the Liver and Hemostasis
Authors: Reshetnyak V. I. , Maev I. V. , Reshetnyak T. M. , Zhuravel S. V. , Pisarev V. M.
Published: November 2019

In liver diseases, most commonly in the terminal stage of liver failure, a variety of hemostatic defects affecting almost all parts of the blood coagulation system are developing. This leads to diminishing the capabilities of patients with liver diseases to correctly maintain the hemostatic balance.The severity of hemostatic disorders depends on the nosological form and degree of a liver damage. Depending on the imbalance of the hemostasis system and accumulated clinical/laboratory data, patients with liver diseases can be subdivided into three groups as exhibiting: 1. non-cholestatic liver damage; 2. cholestatic liver damage and 3. liver damage of vascular origin.The first part of the review discusses multiple alterations in the hemostasis system in patients with noncholestatic liver diseases, which are commonly accompanied by hypocoagulation.
Subacromial corticosteroid injection versus subcutaneous 5% dextrose in patients with chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy: A short-term randomized clinical trial
Authors: Amanollahi Asadollah , Asheghan Mahsa , Hashemi Seyed Ebrahim
Published: November 2019

Aim

The aim of this study is to compare subcutaneous 5% dextrose versus subacromial corticosteroid injection for the treatment of chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Methods

We carried out a randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups at a university hospital. Overall, 57 (32 women) were included in two groups of corticosteroid (n = 29) and dextrose (n = 28). The mean pain score was 6.6 (1.0). We used a visual analog scale for pain and goniometry for the range of motion. The measurements were repeated 1 month after the interventions. For corticosteroid, a single injection of triamcinolone and 1% lidocaine, and for dextrose, a mixture of 5% dextrose and 2% lidocaine three times weekly were prescribed.

Results

Both interventions were effective in decreasing pain compared to the baseline (bothp < 0.001). The difference in pain between the two groups was nearly significant 1-month post-intervention (p = 0.052). The comparison of the two groups in considerable pain reduction (≥2.8) was in favor of dextrose (p = 0.046). The differences in the range of motion were not conclusive. None of the participants reported an important adverse effect.

Conclusion

The 5% dextrose treatment is at least as effective as corticosteroid for reducing pain in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy.
Célhőmérséklet a tartós újraélesztés utáni komplex intenzív kezelés során. Állásfoglalás az enyhe terápiás hypothermia mellett
Authors: Zima Endre
Published: November 2019

Abstract:

If the patient undergoes a long-term resuscitation or remains comatose as part of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), organ-specific intensive care is urged to aim hemodynamic stabilisation, normalisation of organ perfusion and prevention of injuries at cellular level. One of the basic measures of PCAS intensive care is to prevent hypoxic brain injury by mild therapeutic hypothermia (THT). The physiological changes of the human body at hypothermic conditions require high level monitoring and specially focused intensive care limiting its implementation. The multicentric, controlled, randomized targeted temperature management (TTM) trial published in 2013 compared the TTM against the THT in the treatment of PCAS patients. The equal outcome of the 2 methods has partly changed the practice of the intensivists in the treatment of such patients. This manuscript gives the pros and cons for each therapeutic method in post-resuscitation therapy. Nevertheless, the author shows the possible implementations and the DRG (diagnosis-related group) reimbursement of the method in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(46): 1840–1844.
ОГЛЯД МЕТОДІВ ПОБУДОВИ СИСТЕМ КЕРУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМОМ ПАРАЛЕЛЬНОЇ КІНЕМАТИЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ НА ОСНОВІ ПЛАТФОРМИ СТЮАРТА (ГЕКСАПОД)
Authors: Зозуля В. А. , Осадчий С. І.
Published: November 2019

Метою даної статті є вивченні сформованих методів, прийомів і принципів розробки систем керування рухом робочого органу платформи Стюарта (гексапод) для визначення шляхів вдосконалення їх характеристик. Як показано в аналізі, проектування систем керування рухом робочого органу гексаподу поділяються на два основних напрямка: метод керування рухом в робочому просторі при вирішенні прямої задачі кінематики та керуванням рухом в просторі узагальненої координати при вирішенні зворотної задачі кінематики. Аналіз методів розробки систем керування рухом робочого органу платформи Стюарта, який показав, що з метою спрощення моделі об'єкта керування і процедур проектування системи керування, часто пропонується поділ механізму на окремі автономні канали за кількістю штанг платформи Стюарта, нехтуючи похибками вимірювання і динамікою датчиків, використання ідеалізованих віртуальних моделей механізму паралельної кінематики для формування сигналів корекції. При цьому замінюються реальні характеристики платформи Стюарта лінеаризованими, а збурюючі дії - взаємовпливом висей їх оцінками. Для деяких режимів роботи гексаподу спрощена модель динаміки не буде відображати реальних фізичних процесів, що відбуваються в гексаподі, що негативно позначається на керованості механізму в цілому. Проведений аналіз дозволив запропонувати структурні схеми керування рухом робочого органу гексаподу побудовані за принципом одно, двоконтурних слідкуючих систем. Виходячи з недоліків слідкуючих систем, запропоновано будувати систему керування гексаподом на основі схем що мають потенційно більшу точність відтворення програмного керування за рахунок збільшення ступеня вільності у виборі регулятора.
Курение как фактор сокращения ожидаемой продолжительности жизни в России
Authors: Кузнецова Полина Олеговна
Published: November 2019

Курение является важным фактором предотвратимой смертности в России. Согласно расчетам автора с использованием международных оценок относительных рисков смертности и российских данных о распространенности курения, самооценке здоровья и смертности по причинам смерти в 2017 г. продолжительность жизни курильщиков по сравнению с никогда не курившими была на 5,2-5,3 года ниже, а продолжительность здоровой жизни – на 2,6-3,2 года ниже.

Начиная с 2005 г. значения показателей смертности, вызванной курением (количество смертей, стандартизованные коэффициенты смертности), стабильно снижались, в целом повторяя изменения смертности от всех причин, происходившие в этот период. Однако данные по всему населению скрывают существенные гендерные различия: основное снижение табачной смертности происходило среди мужчин. Эпидемия табакокурения среди мужчин началась раньше и сейчас находится на более зрелой стадии (спад) по сравнению с женской (стагнация или даже рост для отдельных групп).

С 2004 по 2017 г. продолжительность жизни курящих женщин выросла заметно больше (более чем на полтора года), чем для некурящих, хотя для мужчин подобной тенденции не наблюдалось. Декомпозиция различий в продолжительности жизни между курящими и некурящими показывает, что преимущество некурящих женщин в основном сократилось в возрастном диапазоне от 50 до 69 лет и вызвано преимущественно изменением смертности от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. У мужчин аналогичное сокращение преимущества некурящих по сравнению с курильщиками приходится на более молодые возраста (от 40 до 64 лет). В более поздних возрастах некурящие компенсируют свое отставание в приросте ожидаемой продолжительности жизни (ОПЖ), однако, поскольку для женщин данный эффект проявляется позже, его влияния оказывается недостаточно и общий прирост ОПЖ курящих женщин в изучаемом периоде оказывается выше.
Основные факторы миграции и структура мигрантов в посткоммунистической Грузии
Authors: Сулаберидзе Автандил , Арчвадзе Иосиф , Сулаберидзе Владимир
Published: November 2019

Неуклонный рост эмиграции в посткоммунистический период (1992-2014 гг.) в условиях нулевого естественного прироста населения оказал значительное влияние на социально-демографическое и экономическое развитие страны. Начиная с 1992 г., численность населения Грузии сократилась почти на 1/3 и к 2018 г. составила 3,7 млн человек.

Из многих факторов эмиграции из Грузии определяющими были три: первый – этническая миграция – возвращение после распада Советского Союза на свою историческую родину сотен тысяч представителей других национальностей, живших в Грузии, в результате чего доля грузин в общей численности населения в 1989-2017 гг. выросла с 69,7 до 86,8% (в том числе в пределах подконтрольной в настоящее время Тбилиси территории – с 73,2% до 86,8%); второй – эмиграция большой массы беженцев с потерянных территорий (Абхазская АР и Юго-Осетинская АО); третий – социально-экономический коллапс, переживаемый Грузией в тот период.

Высокий уровень эмиграции вызвал заметную деформацию половозрастной структуры населения. Приблизительно на 8 лет увеличился медианный возраст населения. Из множества аспектов миграции следует обратить особое внимание на рост женской (хотя преобладание мужчин среди эмигрантов сохраняется) и студенческой (молодежной) эмиграции заграницу. В последние годы систематически растет образовательный ценз эмигрантов, из-за чего все более насущной и острой становится проблема «утечки мозгов».

Важным носителем импульса потенциальной эмиграции является почти половина (48%) студенческой молодежи, которая в ближайшие 5 лет хотела бы выехать заграницу для получения достойного образования и желаемой работы.
Neurosphere Protocol - A rapid and detailed method for the isolation of spheres in-vitro v1
Authors: Blackwood Christopher
Published: November 2019

The neurosphere assay is a powerful in-vitro tool that has been used to study neural stem cell biology. Here we demonstrate a rapid and detailed isolation approach that produces large number of neurospheres from the dorsal lateral ventricle of late embryonic mice without the need for specialized equipment. This approach can be used to generate neurospheres for genetic studies, pharmacological manipulation, immunocytochemistry, self-renewal and differentiation assays.
Protocol for the generation of axenic/bacteria-depleted Symbiodiniaceae cultures v1
Authors: M Costa Ruben , Fidalgo Cátia , Cárdenas Anny , C. Frommlet Jörg , R Voolstra Christian
Published: November 2019

This protocol produces bacteria-depleted (“axenic”) Symbiodiniaceae cultures. The depletion level achieved using the following methods is comparable to what was previously described as an “axenic” culture (Bieri et al., 2016; Xiang et al., 2013). The present protocol was applied to 10 Symbiodiniaceae strains and proved successful in generating bacteria-depleted cultures after its application, for an extended period of time (up to 4 weeks), characterized by both culture-dependent and -independent techniques. Tested cultures showed normal growth and photosynthetic efficiency after recovery from the treatment. Variations of the protocol were developed to increase the success of bacterial depletion for different microalgal strains and to make it applicable to algal strains that do not grow well on solid media. Treatments can also be performed in 24-well plates in order to facilitate the measurement of Fv/Fmthrough the plate bottom using a fiber optic cable, in order to track photophysiology. This protocol was developed in parallel with a recently published method (Costa et al., 2019) to generate bacteria-depleted Aiptasia CC7 polyps, in order to have a toolbox at disposal to disassemble the different compartments of an anthozoan metaorganism for functional testing: the bacterial microbiome, the microalgal symbionts, and the anthozoan host animal. All steps of culture manipulation in this protocol must be done under a sterile environment, using common sterile work practices!
CBA flex set serum protocol v1
Authors: Van Splunter Marloes
Published: November 2019

CBA Flex set protocol serum
Impact of human-derived hemoglobin based oxygen vesicles as a machine perfusion solution for liver donation after cardiac death in a pig model v1
Authors: Matsuno Naoto
Published: November 2019

Pig livers were excised after 60 minutes of warm ischemic time and were preserved under one of three preservation conditions for 4 hours. The preservation conditions were as follows: 4 °C cold storage (CS group; N=5), Hypothermic machine preservation (HMP) with UW gluconate solution (HMP group; N=5), SNMP (21 °C) with UW gluconate solution (SNMP group; N=5), SNMP (21 °C) with HbVs (Hb; 1.8 mg/dl) perfusate (SNMP+HbV group; N=5). Autologous blood perfusion was performed for 2 hours in an isolated liver reperfusion model (IRM).
In situ PCR using leafepidermal peels v1
Authors: R Ganguly Diep , Athman Asmini
Published: November 2019

Method for visualizing cell-localized gene expression patterns. Adapted from: Athman, A., Tanz, S.K., Conn, V.M., Jordans, C., Mayo, G.M., Ng, W.W., Burton, R.A., Conn, S.J., and Gilliham, M. (2014). Protocol: a fast and simple in situ PCR method for localising gene expression in plant tissue. Plant Methods 10: 29. Also, for more information on epidermal peels: Chen, Z.-H., Eisenach, C., Xu, X.-Q., Hills, A., and Blatt, M.R. (2012). Protocol: optimised electrophyiological analysis of intact guard cells from Arabidopsis. Plant Methods 8: 15.
The Special Features of the Iraqi Distribution Electric Power Networks
Authors: Averbukh Michael A. , Abdulwahhab Mohammed W. , Zhilin Eugene V. , Sizganova Evgenia Yu.
Published: November 2019

The paper examines the impact of distributed generation facilities on the operating parameters of Iraq’s 33/11 kV distribution networks. The performed calculation of steady-state and post-emergency modes in the RastrWin3 software package showed that the networks are overloaded and therefore the voltage and power losses in the nodes and branches reach their limits. It was revealed that the most optimal technical measure that increases the voltage level in the load nodes and reduces power losses in the branches is the use of distributed generation, which includes diesel power plants and solar plants. The calculated operation modes considering connection of photo-diesel power stations to the network showed that the voltage and power losses in the nodes and branches of the circuit were significantly reduced
Using Ground-Based Spectrometry for Operational Monitoring of Crop Yields
Authors: Shevyrnogov Anatoly P. , Botvich Irina Yu. , Pisman Tamara I.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between crop yields and total chlorophyll potential of different barley and oats cultivars. For this purpose, we used the spectra of grain crops obtained from ground-based remote sensing, and laboratory data. Ground-based data were obtained at the experimental fields located in the Krasnoyarskii Krai. Experiments were carried out in different seasons and under various lighting conditions. Spectral measurements were done with a double-beam spectrophotometer. It was installed on the mobile work platform at heights of 5 to 18 m. The study showed good correlation between crop yields and total chlorophyll potential for barley and oats cultivars
Method of Protecting Small Objects by Rockets on Near the Frontiers in Air and Space Defence System that Uses Special Measuring Range on the Basis of the Analysis the Frequency Deviation of the Received Signals
Authors: Lyutikov Igor V. , Zamaraev Valery V.
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the method of protection of small objects in the interests of air and space defence system through the use of spaced information subsystem using a special frequency range meter based on the analysis of the frequency deviation of the received signals reflected from guided missiles at near borders
Assessment of the influence of an external dynamic force on the mixing of non-isothermal flows in the reactor plant
Authors: Berezin A.A. , Sataev A.A. , Khvoynov O.V. , Duncev A.V.
Published: November 2019

Today one of the main problems to be solved is increasing the safety of nuclear power plants (NPP). Possible shortcomings of the reactor plant (RP) can be identified by creating full-scale or large-scale prototype models for testing. There is an urgent need to create models for a more detailed study of some complex processes (flow mixing, heat and mass transfer and flow mixing under the action of dynamic forces). For example, the negative impact of these processes on the switchgear makes it difficult to ensure the natural circulation of the coolant (NCC) in all modes of operation, which could significantly increase the switchgear safety. At modern NPP this condition is not achieved either and the problem is solved by large safety factors. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the influence of external dynamic forces (EDF) on the processes of mixing of non-isothermal flows in the simulator of the core, applied to the research stand «Single-loop RP model». For the research stand we have designed a swinging platform simulating EDF. The main method for obtaining experimental data is direct layer-by-layer temperature sensing. We have also constructed a simple one-dimensional mathematical model describing these processes, based on Newton's Second Law. The adequacy of model selection has been confirmed experimentally. We have plotted graphs of temperature fronts for the experimental model and made a graphic representation of the coolant temperature field at the model entrance / exit for the dynamic mode. A mathematical equation has been obtained for describing the effect of EDF on the length of the Prandtl mixing path for the one-dimensional approximation. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we can conclude that the external dynamic force has a negative effect on the mixing of non-isothermal flows. They change the length of the mixing path in comparison with the stationary mode by an average of 5–10 %, which, when transferred to a real NPP, can significantly affect the NCC and will need to be taken into account in the form of correction factors at the design stage.
Determination of hydraulic steam losses in the turbine control valve based on a three-dimensional model
Authors: Gorbunov V.A. , Lonshakov N.A. , Alekseyev I.V. , Mechtayeva M.N.
Published: November 2019

A problem to be solved now is determining the hub nodes of hydraulic losses arising during the operation of power plant equipment. Detection of such points directly by measuring devices on the operating equipment is impossible as it is difficult to access many elements of the flow part of the units. Development of digital models of equipment allows simulating these processes and with a high degree of accuracy determining the location of increased hydraulic losses. The aim of this work is to determine the magnitude and localization of hydraulic losses in the control valve of the steam turbine. The analysis of steam turbine valve operation has been carried out based on thermodynamic, hydraulic and mechanical parameters, which are taken directly during the operation of the power plant by standard control and measuring devices. The obtained information was processed by the finite element method in the Ansys and SolidEdge Flow Simulation programs and by three-dimensional modeling in the SolidEdge software package. We have obtained a three-dimensional model of the control valve and determined the fields of pressure, velocity, etc. distribution in the volume of the control valve under different operating conditions by the finite element method. During the processing of the obtained information, we found excessive energy losses of water vapor arising during its throttling in the control valve. Such losses produce a significant effect on the power developed by the turbine pump. During the operation of the drive turbine, the pressure losses of the working medium in the steam distribution system vary in the range of 300–500 kPa (37–62 % of the initial pressure before the control valve). The goal set in the work has been fully achieved. Verification of the developed three-dimensional model was made on the basis of the operational parameters taken during the steam turbine operation. The application of the work results, both for modernizing the existing units and designing new equipment, will increase the efficiency of electric energy production at the power unit of the station.
A method of evaluating the effects of building power supply selection decisions on the city energy balance
Authors: Kosyakov S.V. , Osipova S.A. , Sadykov A.M.
Published: November 2019

Development of energy-saving technologies offers good opportunities for selecting building energy supply methods through the use of alternative energy sources and power network types. Research in the field of energy saving is mainly focused on finding methods of energy saving by power consumers and individual power industry facilities. At the same time, collaboration of different energy networks as a unified power supply system of the city and a feasibility study of the energy load redistribution between different energy networks in the process of territorial development remains a poorly studied problem. The aim of the study is to develop a method that allows comparing the use of different power supply sources and types of individual buildings based on a single criterion of changing the total cost of transmission, conversion and consumption of energy in the city. The study employed methods of development and analysis of energy balances of a territory, methods for calculating gas, heat and electricity consumption of residential buildings, methods of power network losses calculation and methods of network and overlay analysis in GIS, materials of power providers’ and public utilities’ databases. A method has been proposed and implemented in the software package form for automating the calculation of the city’s housing sector energy balance for various placement options, power equipment deployment and connection of new or reconstructed buildings to the energy networks. The method is based on the use of an urban area energy balance spatial model in a GIS environment. The article presents an example of calculating the influence of different power supply options of one of the buildings in the city of Ivanovo on the energy balance of the city. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of a comparative analysis of the options of connecting buildings to various energy network types based on a single criterion of minimizing municipal energy costs. The developed method and its implementation can be used to create decision-making information systems for regional and city governments.
Court Practice Analysis in Cases of Doping in Sport
Authors: Degtyarev M. V.
Published: November 2019

The paper is devoted to the study of the possibilities of developing conceptual approaches to create a legal definition of the concept of “sports-doping drug”. Foreign court practice is examined in order to identify legal positions that suggest ways to improve the definition of the concept of «sports doping». The author explains that in the field of preventing and eliminating the illegal use of doping in sport, the administrative potential of the current state regulation is exhaustive in the framework of the modern paradigm, it has limitations to improve the efficiency of administrative and restrictive measures. The paper describes a set of regulatory and empirical materials developed by the author to develop a theoretical framework for a homologated (for new challenges and requirements) legal definition of the term “sports doping agents”. The author gives a legal definition of this concept. The legislation of 33 foreign countries became the regulatory basis of the study. The court practice of 16 foreign countries became the empirical basis of the study. Based on the aforementioned regulatory and empirical foundations, using the methods indicated at the beginning of the paper, the author has developed an author’s conceptual and in-depth legal definition of the term “sports doping agents”, which can significantly improve state regulation in this field.