bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Substrate Temperature on Adhesion Strength of Cold-Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Watanabe Y. , Yoshida C. , Atsumi K. , Yamada M. , Fukumoto M.
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the influence of substrate temperature on the adhesion strength of cold spray coatings. Copper, aluminum, and iron powders were deposited on preheated substrates similar in composition with the respective powder. Adhesion strength was determined by shear adhesion testing. The results show that substrate preheating improves adhesion strength for specific combinations of coating and substrate materials, likely due to the relief of thermal stress and the formation of an oxide layer on the substrate surface.
A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Suspension Plasma Spray Impinging on a Flat Substrate
Authors: Jadidi M. , Mousavi M. , Jabbari F. , Moghtadernejad S. , Dolatabadi A.
Published: June 2023

In this study, a 3D two-way coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is used to model the plasma jet and droplet-particle trajectory, velocity, and temperature achievable by suspension plasma spraying. A Reynolds stress model is used to account for turbulence and the effect of the substrate on the flow field and a Kelvin-Helmholtz Rayleigh-Taylor breakup model is used to predict the secondary breakup of the suspension. The focus of this work is on particle behavior near the substrate. Flat substrates placed at stand-off distances ranging from 40 to 60 mm are modeled to provide detailed information on particle impact behavior.
Transient Thermal Analysis of NiCrBSi Coatings Manufactured Via Hybrid Plasma Spray Process by Finite Element Method
Authors: Liu J. , Bolot R. , Costil S. , Planche M. P.
Published: June 2023

In this work, numerical modeling is used to simulate the effects of laser remelting as a post treatment and as an in-situ component of a hybrid plasma spraying process. Initially, a single-pass 2D model is used to simulate the laser post-treatment process in order to obtain relationships between melting pool depth, relative scanning velocity, and laser power. A 3D finite-element model is then used to study temperature variations during multi-layer deposition of a NiCr alloy by plasma spraying with in-situ laser melting. The effects of phase change are taken into account by defining the enthalpy of the material as a function of temperature. Predicted melting pool depth corresponded well with experimental values.
Study on Thermal Conductivity of Iron-Based Alloy Coatings Prepared by Wire Arc Spraying Process
Authors: Wei J. X. , Li R. , Zhou Z. , He D. Y. , Jiang J. M. , Wang Z. H. , Wang G. H.
Published: June 2023

In this study, FeCrB coatings are deposited by wire arc spraying using powder cored wires to investigate the factors that affect thermal conductivity. Experimental results show that increasing boron content in the wires reduces oxide content in the coatings, which increases thermal conductivity. Annealing also increases thermal conductivity, which can be explained by grain growth and a reduction in porosity.
Important and in Demand Than Ever: Training and Qualification of Thermal Spray Personnel
Authors: Huber R. , Ohliger-Volmer A.
Published: June 2023

This paper provides an overview of ISO standards, EWF education and training guidelines, and GTS certification, explaining how they work together to improve the proficiency and productivity of individuals and organizations involved in thermal spraying.
Development of Thermally Sprayed Ca2Fe2O5 Coatings for Thermoelectrical Applications
Authors: Barbosa M. M. , Puschmann R. , Thiele S. , Toma F.-L. , Martin H.-P. , Berger L.-M. , Leyens C. , Beyer E. , van der Laag N. J.
Published: June 2023

This study assesses the potential use of thermally sprayed dicalcium diiron pentaoxide (Ca2Fe2O5) for thermoelectric generators. Ca2Fe2O5 coatings up to 2 mm thick were produced by atmospheric plasma spraying and examined. Compared to the bulk material, the coatings exhibit lower thermal and electrical conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient could not be measured, and the thermoelectric performance was inadequate. The limitations derive not only from the thermal spray process, but also the material itself.
Cold Spray of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer for Lightning Strike Protection
Authors: Che H. , Yue S.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this work is to cold spray a metal coating with sound mechanical properties and good electrical and thermal conductivity on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) substrates. Copper, aluminum, and tin were used as the coating materials and different gas pressure and preheating temperature combinations were employed during spraying. Erosion was found to be the key obstacle to develop continuous coatings, although embedded particles were observed in the residual epoxy.
Technological Approach for a Full Thermally Sprayed Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Puschmann R. , Barbosa M. M. , Scheitz S. , Berger L.-M. , Toma F.-L. , Leyens C. , Beyer E.
Published: June 2023

The work presented in this paper addresses some of the challenges of manufacturing thermoelectric (TE) generators by thermal spraying. One of the main obstacles is achieving good coat-on-coat bonding between different types of materials. The coatings must also be mechanically stable and optimized for their respective function. At least four types of materials are required, including electrical insulators, conductors, and thermoelectrically active p- and n-type semiconductors. Four ceramic and three metal feedstock powers were deposited by APS, HVOF, and HVAF spraying using special masking systems, substrate pretreatments, and layer thickness monitoring. After process optimization for each material, multilayer TE generator modules were successfully produced.
Enhancing High Temperature Erosion-Corrosion Resistance of SA213-T91 Steel by HVOF Sprayed Nano-Structured Ni-20Cr Coating
Authors: Kumar M. , Singh H. , Singh N.
Published: June 2023

This study assesses the fireside erosion-corrosion behavior of nanostructured NiCr coatings in a power plant boiler operating at 750 °C. In the experiments, Ni-20Cr nanocrystalline powder was synthesized by ball milling and deposited on T91 boiler steel substrates by HVOF spraying. Coated and uncoated steel specimens were thermally cycled in the superheater zone of a coal fired boiler. After 15 heating and cooling cycles, the specimens were examined and erosion-corrosion kinetics were established via weight-change and thickness-loss measurements. The results show that the nanostructured coatings reduced the erosion-corrosion rate of T91 steel by 85%.
Performance of D-Gun Sprayed Coatings in Na2SO4-60%V2O5 Environment at 900 °C
Authors: Kaushal G. , Singh H. , Prakash S.
Published: June 2023

In this study, detonation spraying was used to deposit commercially available Ni-20Cr and WC-Co powders on SA213-T22 boiler steel. Coated and uncoated specimens were subjected to 50 thermal cycles in a molten salt boiler environment 900 °C in order to evaluate their hot corrosion behavior. Mass change measurements were made at the end of each cycle to assess corrosion kinetics and XRD and SEM/EDS were used to characterize corrosion products. An analysis of the reaction kinetics and the formation of oxide scales is provided in the paper.
Post-Treatment of Plasma Sprayed Amorphous Ceramic Coatings by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Chraska T. , Medřický J. , Mušálek R. , Vilémová M. , Pala Z. , Cinert J.
Published: June 2023

Alumina-zirconia ceramic material has been plasma sprayed using a water stabilized plasma torch (WSP) to produce free standing coatings. The as-sprayed coatings have very low porosity and are mostly amorphous. The amorphous material crystallizes at temperatures above 900 °C. A spark plasma sintering apparatus has been used to heat the as-sprayed samples to temperatures above 900 °C to induce crystallization while at the same time a uniaxial pressure of 80 GPa has been applied to the their surface. After such post-treatment, the ceramic samples are crystalline and exhibit very low open porosity. The as-sprayed amorphous materials also exhibit high hardness and high abrasion resistance. Both properties are significantly improved in the heat-treated samples whose microstructure is best described as nanocomposite with the very small crystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix.
Dielectric Properties of Al2O3 Coatings Deposited via Atmospheric Plasma Spraying and Dry-Ice Blasting Correlated with Microstructural Characteristics
Authors: Dong S. , Song B. , Li C. J. , Liao H. , Coddet C.
Published: June 2023

In this work, alumina coatings are produced by atmospheric plasma spraying using dry-ice blasting to prepare substrate surfaces. Feedstock powder and coating microstructure are examined and dielectric strength and ac-dc breakdown voltages are measured. The results show that dry-ice blasting improves the dielectric properties of alumina coatings produced by atmospheric plasma spraying.
Properties and Micro-Structure Analysis of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy Coating
Authors: Ma G. , Kong L. , Liang Y. , Li T. , Xiong T.
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the microstructure, thermal conductivity, hardness, and strength of Cu-Cr-Zr coatings produced by cold gas spraying. The elements in the powders were found to have a significant influence on microstructure, particle morphology, and strengthening mechanisms. The strengthening mechanisms of copper alloy coatings include fine crystal reinforcing, solution strengthening, work hardening, and dispersal reinforcing. Different mechanisms are shown to be more or less effective depending on powder composition and the presence of impurities. By filtering impurities before gas atomization, the thermal conductivity of as-sprayed Cu-Cr-Zr coatings can be improved by a factor of two.
Improvements in MMC Coatings – Influence of Powder Preparation (Mixture or Ball Milling) and Powder Size on the Coating Behavior
Authors: Costil S. , Baur T. , Aussavy D. , Montavon G. , El-kedim O. , Bonnot A.-F.
Published: June 2023

In the present work, a mechanical alloying (ball milling) method was developed to synthesize NiCrBSi-WC composite powders for HVOF spraying. Coating properties and microstructure are shown to vary with composition and initial powder size prior to ball-milling. With nanometric particles, metallic and carbide powders appear to be intimately linked with WC, forming a highly protective layer. Conversely, with micrometric powders, ball-milled particles appear more fractured and regularly dispersed inside the matrix.
The Research of Arc Sprayed Coatings Tribological Properties
Authors: Gargasas J. , Vaclovas Valiulis A. , Gedzevicius I. , Pokhmurska H. , Wielage B. , Lampke T. , Rosert R.
Published: June 2023

This study evaluates the friction and wear behavior of iron-base coatings produced by arc spraying using experimental cored wires. Coating microstructure was analyzed and various wear tests were performed. The results show that the tribological properties of the ferrous coating materials are greatly affected by porosity, oxide inclusions, particle shape, and microhardness.
In Situ Wear Test on Thermal Spray Coatings in a Large Chamber Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Tillmann W. , Luo W. , Selvadurai U.
Published: June 2023

A special pin-on-disc test setup designed for vacuum environments was used to conduct wear tests in a large chamber scanning electron microscope. Arc-sprayed NiCrBSi and HVOF-sprayed WC-12Co coatings were tested using a pin with an Al2O3 ceramic ball as the wear counterpart. During testing, different wear mechanisms were identified and the processes were recorded in short video streams.
Formation of Intermetallic Phases in Fe-Al Binary Cold Spray Thick Deposit
Authors: Jan V. , Páleníková L. , Čupera J. , Čížek J.
Published: June 2023

Thick Fe-Al deposits were produced by low-pressure cold spraying using heated air as the working gas. The coatings were isothermally annealed for two hours in Ar at temperatures from 250 °C to 750 °C. Changes in fracture behavior and microhardness were evaluated along with the microstructure and composition of newly formed phases. The results show that the evolution of intermetallic phases was driven by diffusion at temperatures above 550 °C. The new phases formed a hard skeleton that preserved the general shape of the samples during treatment despite the growth of external dimensions and porosity.
Novel In-Situ Gradient Heat Treatment During Cold Spray
Authors: Zeralli Y. , Rolland G. , Jeandin M. , Bourda C. , Rambaud F.
Published: June 2023

This study demonstrates the feasibility of an in-situ heat treatment for cold spray coatings. By controlling heat flow, temperature gradients are maintained in the coatings, leading to the development of graded mechanical properties. Initial experimental results validate both the starting idea and the first results of numerical simulations.
Single Impact Bonding of Cold Sprayed Ti6Al4V Powders Onto Different Substrates
Authors: Villa Vidaller M. , Dosta S. , Guilemany J. M. , Gärtner F. , List A. , Klassen T.
Published: June 2023

In the present study, spherical Ti-6Al-4V powders were cold sprayed on titanium, aluminum, and magnesium alloy substrates to investigate influences over a wide range of damping conditions and respective deceleration of impacting particles. Single impacts were produced via wipe tests and bonding was evaluated by cavitation testing followed by SEM examination of impact and fracture morphologies. The results show that better bonding is achieved for material combinations with similar properties due to high adiabatic shear instabilities that result in microfusion at the particle-substrate interface. In the case of dissimilar materials, the conditions for bonding can be reached in an intermediate stage, but bonded areas may later separate due to particle movement around the interface.
Adaption of the Path Strategy to Produce Near Net Shape Coatings Manufactured by HVOF Spraying
Authors: Tillmann W. , Hollingsworth P. , Baumann I. , Hegels D. , Wiederkehr T. , Müller H. , Johnen B. , Kuhlenkötter B.
Published: June 2023

In this study, a path strategy for robot-based HVOF spraying is developed via deposition simulations. The simulations include the analysis of the spray plume footprint and the consideration of robot dynamics in the path planning strategy. A fine WC-Co powder was used as the feedstock material.
Optimization of WC-Based HVAF-Sprayed Coatings for Alternative to Hard Chromium: Role of Carbides, Grain Size, and Mean Free Path in Coating Wear and Corrosion Properties
Authors: Lyphout C. , Sato K.
Published: June 2023

Two agglomerated and sintered powders, WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr, were deposited by HVAF spraying and evaluated based on material decarburization, coating porosity, and microhardness. The role of carbide grain size, contiguity, and binder mean free path is investigated with respect to coating microstructure and wear and corrosion resistance.
Binary Fuel Detonation Spraying of WC-Co
Authors: Ulianitsky V. , Batraev I. , Smurov I. , Nikulina A.
Published: June 2023

This study shows that the quality of detonation sprayed coatings can be improved by adding propane or butane to the high-energy acetylene fuel. WC-Co coatings sprayed with binary fuel were found to have very low porosity (< 0.5%), low abrasion wear rates (< 1 mm3/1000 rev), high hardness (~1500Hv300g), and good bonding strength (150 MPa). These values were achieved over a range of stand-off distances (150-350 mm) and at a substrate inclination of up to 30°.
Parametric Study on Coating Development using Perovskite Solution Precursor
Authors: Georgiopoulos I. , Marathoniti E. , Vourdas N. , Andreouli C. , Stathopoulos V.
Published: June 2023

In this study, solution precursor plasma spraying is used to produce LaAlO3 perovskite topcoats for thermal barrier coating systems. LaAlO3 solution precursors were prepared by in situ polymerization and were deposited under different conditions in order to determine the effect of spraying parameters on process yield, deposition rate, microstructure, and hardness. Preliminary results with deposition rates of 5-20 μm/pass and process yields in the range of 35-60% are presented. It is shown that low precursor solution feed rate, high plasma power, and medium atomization gas flow rate result in acceptable coating microstructure, although further optimization is needed to achieve adequate hardness.
Қазақстан Республикасындағы сыбайлас жемқорлыққа қарсы іс-қимылдың кейбір аспектілері
Authors: Дәрібеков С.С. , Дәрібекова А.С. , Мәмбетова С.Ш. , Ескерова З.А. , Глухова В.И.
Published: June 2023

Мақсаты: Мақалада Қазақстандағы сыбайлас жемқорлықтың дамуын бағалау және оның ұғымы қарастырылған. Атап айтқанда, авторлар сыбайлас жемқорлықты дамытудың теориялық негіздемесі негізінде Қазақстан Республикасындағы сыбайлас жемқорлық қызметінің ауқымын қысқарту тетігін ұсынуға ұмтылған.

Әдісі: Салыстырмалы, теориялық талдауды қолдану негізінде сыбайлас жемқорлықты оның негізгі бағыттарын жетілдіру арқылы азайту қажеттілігі туралы қорытынды жасалды.

Қорытынды: Сыбайлас жемқорлық құқық бұзушылықтар Қазақстан Республикасының экономикасында, әсіресе экономикалық сипаттағы салада айқын көрінеді. Мемлекеттік басқарудың басым міндеттерінің бірі ел экономикасындағы сыбайлас жемқорлық құқық бұзушылықтарды азайту болып табылады. Төмендету тетіктері ретінде сыбайлас жемқорлыққа қарсы сауықтыру әдісі ретінде цифрландыруға негізделген шаралар ұсынылған.

Тұжырымдама: Авторлар ұсынған ғылыми мақалада сыбайлас жемқорлықтың мәнін қарауға назар аударылған. Қазақстандағы сыбайлас жемқорлық қызметін дамыту салалары талданған, сондай-ақ сыбайлас жемқорлық қызметінің ауқымын қысқарту жөніндегі шаралар жүйесі ұсынылған.
Analysis of profitability of financial results and factors of its change
Authors: Agabekova G.N. , Agabekova Sh.N. , Maulenkulova G.Ye. , Arapbaeva Zh.Sh. , Orazbayeva A.B.
Published: June 2023

Object: It lies in the fact that profit and profitability play an important role in the process of the company's activities. They show how stable the company is in carrying out its activities and effective in achieving its goals. The object of the study is to develop recommendations for their improvement based on the analysis of the profit and profitability of the activities of “Kazakhstan Waste Management Operator” LLP. Methods: In the process of writing a scientific article, the following methods of scientific cognition were used: observation, grouping, generalization, comparison, questionnaire, analysis, synthesis. When writing the work, such research methods as the method of analysis and synthesis, comparative, system, factor methods, as well as accounting methodologies, financial and tax reporting were used. Findings: Profit and profitability indicators are formed under the influence of a large number of interrelated factors that affect the results of the organization's work in different directions: some are good, others are negative. Moreover, the negative impact of some factors can reduce or even negate the positive impact of others. Thorough consideration of the factors affecting the key indicators of the enterprise can help to achieve an understanding of the formation of profits at the enterprise, as well as reduce unnecessary costs. The variety of factors affecting profit and profitability requires their classification, which at the same time is important for determining the main directions of searching for reserves to improve the efficiency of management. Conclusions: In the course of the analysis, reserves for improving profit and profitability indicators were identified, and recommendations were also proposed. The main directions among which are an increase in the volume of provided services, and, accordingly, an increase in revenue, and a reduction in the costs of the enterprise.
Особенности развития въездного и выездного образовательного туризма: опыт Казахстана
Authors: Мамраева Д.Г. , Ташенова Л.В. , Аяганова М.П. , Тогайбаева Л.И.
Published: June 2023

Цель: Выявление основных тенденций развития въездного и выездного образовательного туризма Казахстана, определение его структуры, потоков и емкости.

Методы: Описательный метод — изучены основные тенденции образовательного туризма, в частности, отражена динамика контингента иностранных студентов в вузах страны, описана география и показана емкость въездного и выездного туризма; метод анализа, который позволил дать оценку и актуализировать сведения относительно основных тенденций образовательного туризма в Казахстане; метод обобщения и структурирования — установлены общие свойства и ключевые признаки анализируемых объектов.

Результаты: В статье раскрыты основные тенденции образовательного туризма в Казахстане, в частности, отражена динамика контингента иностранных студентов в вузах страны, описана география и показана емкость въездного и выездного образовательного туризма; на основе статистических показателей дана оценка и актуализированы сведения относительно академической мобильности.

Выводы: Несмотря на незначительную долю иностранных студентов, с каждым годом возрастает интерес к казахстанским образовательным программам со стороны зарубежных учащихся; присутствует региональная дифференциация развития образовательного туризма в стране; ежегодно увеличивается количество казахстанских вузов, реализующих программы академической мобильности, в том числе в онлайн-формате; расширяется география выездного и въездного образовательного туризма; в Казахстан приезжают, в основном, с целью получения образования по направлениям «Здравоохранение и социальное обеспечение (медицина)», «Педагогические науки», «Бизнес, управление и право»; менее популярны – «Сельское хозяйство и биоресурсы», «Ветеринария».
Кәсіпкерлік құрылымдардың бәсекеге қабілеттілігін дамыту үшін инновациялық форсайтты пайдалану
Authors: Мухамедханова А.Б. , Тулеметова А.С. , Кулбай Б.С. , Нурсой М. , Байбосынов С.Б.
Published: June 2023

Мақсаты: Кәсіпкерлік құрылымдарға инновациялық форсайттың әсерін көрсету және инновациялық форсайттың артықшылығын сипаттау.

Әдісі: Зерттеу жүргізу кезінде жұмыста әртүрлі әдістер пайдаланылды: талдау, салыстыру, деректерді салыстырмалы бағалау, шолу жасау, сипаттау, берілген деректерді анықтау. Деректерді талдау барысында Қазақстан Республикасының әр жылдардағы болашақ жоспарлары алынды, сондай-ақ жалпы инновациялық форсайт, форсайттың нарықты дамыту және жетілдіру проблемаларымен айналысатын жетекші ғалымэкономистердің ғылыми жарияланымдары алынды.

Қорытынды: Мақалада жалпы мәселелер қарастырылды. Негізгі ұғымдар нақтыланды. Кәсіпкерлік құрылымдардың бәсекеге қабілеттілігін дамыту үшін инновациялық форсайтты пайдалану маңыздылығы анықталды.

Тұжырымдама: Жекелеген деректер негізінде қазіргі кәсіпкерлік құрылымдарға талдау, сондай-ақ форсайтты пайдаланудың перспективалары мен үрдістеріне талдау жүргізілді. Кәсіпкерлік құрылымдардың стратегиялық бәсекеге қабілеттілігін арттыруға бағытталған инновациялық форсайт қазіргі заманғы кәсіпорындар мен ұйымдардың болашағын зерттеу мен белсенді құрудың ең сұранысқа ие құралы екені дәлелденді.
Государственно-частное партнерство в медицине: международный опыт и казахстанская практика
Authors: Орынбасаров С.О. , Уразбаева З.О. , Орынбасарова А.А.
Published: June 2023

Цель: Изучение международного опыта государственно-частных партнерств (ГЧП) в медицине — понять, как разные страны реализовали эти партнерства в сфере здравоохранения и какое влияние они оказали на предоставление и качество медицинских услуг.

Методы: Исследования ГЧП включают как количественные, так и качественные методы для изучения различных аспектов сотрудничества государства и частного сектора, а также сравнительный анализ.

Результаты: Государственно-частное партнерство в исследованиях в области медицины относятся к сотрудничеству между финансируемыми государством исследовательскими учреждениями и частным сектором для проведения медицинских исследований. Этот тип исследований может быть полезен по нескольким причинам: он может помочь ускорить разработку новых методов лечения и технологий, улучшить результаты лечения пациентов и способствовать экономическому росту.

Выводы: Одним из примеров исследований в области медицины между государством и частным сектором является разработка вакцин. Финансируемые государством научно-исследовательские учреждения часто проводят фундаментальные исследования вакцин, в то время как частный сектор берет на себя производство и распространение вакцин. Это сотрудничество привело к разработке нескольких высокоэффективных вакцин, таких как вакцины против COVID–19, которые сыграли решающую роль в глобальном ответе на пандемию. Финансируемые государством научно-исследовательские учреждения могут предоставить научные знания и ресурсы, необходимые для разработки новых медицинских технологий, в то время как частный сектор может поделиться своим опытом в области производства и маркетинга, чтобы вывести технологию на рынок. Это сотрудничество привело к разработке многих жизненно важных медицинских устройств, таких как кардиостимуляторы и искусственные органы.
Women’s entrepreneurship – a promising potential for economic development
Authors: Akybayeva G.S. , Mussabekova A.O. , Pechkovskaya V.V. , Starikova T.V. , Davletbayeva N.B.
Published: June 2023

Object: The article describes the trends in the development of women's entrepreneurship in the second half of the 19th century and in the early 20th century, which are established on the basis of statistical materials, measures taken by the country's leadership, and facts of interest to readers. Ways of overcoming the identified barriers are suggested to enable women to realize their ideas and benefit the society. Methods: When writing the article, a general scientific methodology was used to analyze the theoretical and practical materials on the development of women's entrepreneurship. Based on the assessment of the development of women's business in the historical aspect and comparative analysis, as well as using a systematic approach, an assessment is made of the role of women's entrepreneurship in the economy of Kazakhstan. Findings: The active development of the social group of business women with equal participation in the market contributes to the effective promotion of a number of socio-economic and political tasks of the state and creates favorable conditions for the economic growth of the country's economy. Conclusions: Statistical materials show that the development of women's business in the subsequent period was notable for its intensity regardless of objective and subjective reasons that created difficulties for female entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurial potential of women can significantly contribute to the implementation of new priority projects of socio-economic development. The article written within the framework of the project: Grant No. AP14871920.
Business and higher education experience of interaction in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bekebayeva M.O. , Koptayeva G.P. , Kalykulov K.M. , Nursoy M. , Kuttybaeva N.B.
Published: June 2023

Object: The purpose of this study is to develop a mechanism of interaction between higher education and business based on an economic and mathematical model on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The choice of the goal is determined by the need to overcome the disclosure of issues related to the performance of business structures as an employer for universities and their interaction, inherent in all industrialized countries of the world, possibly on the basis of giving new forms to the interaction of the main participants in this process: business, government, education and science. Methods: During the writing of the article, methods of analysis, synthesis, methods of deduction and induction, statistical and economic methods, methods of grouping and comparison, methods of control and generalization were used. Findings: The XXI century was declared by UNESCO as the “century of education”, which defined knowledge, intelligence, culture, spirituality as the priority values of modern society. In these conditions, continuous modernization of the interaction between the education system and business is required, forecasting a new strategy for its development, taking into account the constantly changing situation in the world. The influence of the new ideology and methodology of pedagogical education on the goals and content of practical training, interaction with business is analyzed. Conclusions: The mechanism of functioning of the proposed economic and mathematical model is aimed at stimulating all participants to generate innovations, provide high-quality educational services, conduct research and fulfill business orders. The results and conclusions of the study can be used by territorial and state economic management bodies in the development of regional development programs.
Factorial features of NEET youth socialisation in Kazakhstan in the context of forming a new quality of human capital
Authors: Khusainova Zh.S. , Gazizova M.R. , Zhartay Zh.M. , Lambekova A.N. , Abauova G.M.
Published: June 2023

Object: The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of factors influencing the success of young people's socialisation based on the results of a sociological survey of three focus groups: NEET youth; school, college anduniversity graduates; and government institutions and organisations.Methods: Sociological survey methods for 3 focus groups. Structural equation method and second generation multivariate data analysis (SEM) using Smart PLS 3 software.Findings: The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) based on a sociological survey of three focus groups(NEET youth; school, college and university graduates; state institutions and organisations) revealed the factor specificsof NEET youth socialisation in Kazakhstan – public youth support institutions have a significant impact on the reduction of the NEET segment, state youth policy is a determining factor in the reduction of the NEET segment.Conclusions: As a result of the study, material was obtained, the analysis of which led to the conclusion that theproblems of NEET youth, require the active use of institutional and financial mechanisms to support young people, aswell as the development of measures to minimise NEET youth in Kazakhstan, as young people are the main source anddriving force of socio-economic development of the country.
Income Inequality and Labour Income Share in CIS Countries: Trends, Impacts and Causes
Authors: Kurmangaliyeva L. , Aimagambetov E. , Spanova B. , Myrzhykbayeva A.
Published: June 2023

Object: The purpose of this paper is to study trends, reasons of income inequality and labour income share in CIS countries.

 Methods: The study relies on the use of secondary research methods. It is a research method that focuses on using the existing published documents to generate insights into the object of the research.

Findings: In CIS countries, employment remains the major source of income where the prospect of having a job has higher implications in terms of income inequality. Various changes have occurred in income inequality in recent years due to the global financial crisis and the pandemic. It, therefore, occurs that both the macroeconomic policies and the labor market policies have facilitated the situation.

Conclusions: The study has focused on the use of secondary research methods where publications by the IMF and the World Bank have been given the top priority and used in conjunction with other sources from legitimate sources. It has been established that CIS region is characterized by countries that are deeply immersed in the situation of rising income inequalities and declining labor shares.
Особенности подходов структуры национальной платежной системы
Authors: Моттаева А.Б. , Ниязбекова Ш. , Ступак Я.
Published: June 2023

Цель: В статье проведено исследование особенностей структуры национальной платежной системы, взаимодействия отдельных ее элементов в их совокупности. Кроме того, авторы рассмотрели международный опыт в области построения гармоничной платежной системы с подробным сравнением отечественного и зарубежного подхода, отраженного в иллюстративной схеме.

Методы: Исследование проводилось с использованием следующих методов: - общенаучный диалектический метод познания, который был выбран для определения сущности финансового посредничества, в целом, и определения его влияния на экономическое развитие; - системный подход, поскольку глобальная финансовая индустрия представляет собой набор взаимосвязанных и взаимозависимых элементов, то есть она демонстрирует признаки согласованности; - сравнительно-правовой подход, который является центральным и необходимым в данном исследовании для выявления общих элементов финансовых услуг.

Результаты: Нет сомнений в том, что платежная система всегда была «кровеносной» системой финансовых и экономических структур. Каждое государство, независимо от того, рождается оно или находится на грани краха, может характеризоваться развитием своей собственной платежной системы, и, таким образом, мы можем определить, процветает оно или угасает. Обилие структурных компонентов, входящих в состав платежной системы, и их сложность всегда вызывали научный интерес. Анализ этих особенностей может привести нас к нахождению подмножества тенденций и уникальных особенностей. Следовательно, тщательное изучение европейских, американских и российских платежных систем, их структуры и того, как ученые определяют их, являются основными идеями этой статьи. В результате был получен подробный результат по мере проведения сравнения.

Выводы: В ходе исследования удалось четко выявить особенности зарубежного и отечественного подхода к определению платежной системы. С точки зрения американского и европейского подходов, проводимая работа включает многокластерный подход, в котором важную роль играют механизмы, платежные и клиринговые инструменты, обеспечивающие простоту и эффективность платежей, а также интеграцию в международную систему денежных переводов. Рассматривая идеи национальных регуляторов и институтов, ответственных за развитие платежной инфраструктуры, в целом, можно подчеркнуть их субъективный подход, а также их особенность в ориентации на внутренний рынок и сотрудничество с ЕАЭС. Значительный вес, в свою очередь, здесь занимает платежная инфраструктура, с относительной изоляцией от американских и европейских платежных систем.
Корній Генріхович Мікіндо: життя, продовжене в учнях
Authors: Кузнець Тетяна , Присяжнюк Юлія
Published: June 2023

Мета дослідження. У статті зроблено спробу осмислення непересічної особистості як найбільшої цінності земного буття. Інтерес до таких особистостей є вічним, адже кожне нове покоління знаходить у їх діяльності духовні орієнтири, які є надзвичайно важливими для самоствердження людини. Пропонована стаття є спробою укладання життєпису, творчої біографії талановитого митця та педагога Корнія Генріховича Мікіндо (1918–1990), який справив визначальний вплив на сотні своїх учнів, що стали частиною духовної та культурної еліти України. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на використанні загальнонаукових принципів: історизму, об’єктивності, системності у комплексі з такими спеціально-історичними методами як проблемно-хронологічний, описовий, історико-системний, історико-біографічний. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає в тому, що комплексно систематизовані відомості біографічного характеру поєднані з матеріалами інтерв’ювання учнів К. Г. Мікіндо. У статті використано фрагменти інтерв’ю з п’ятьма «мікіндовцями» та уманцями, які були знайомі з родиною К. Мікіндо. Це суттєво доповнило життєпис митця та педагога. Висновки. Систематизація опублікованої в місцевих уманських газетах інформації про творчу діяльність К. Г. Мікіндо та отриманої у процесі інтерв’ювання його учнів та знайомих членів родини уможливила створення комплексного дослідження творчої біографії талановитого митця та педагога. Завдяки використанню комплексного підходу вдалося створити найповніше на сьогодні історико-біографічне дослідження про талановиту особистість. У процесі підготовки означеної статті виявлено зацікавленість наукової та творчої спільноти України у створенні повного життєпису Корнія Генріховича Мікіндо.
Brazil. Regional political evolution in the beginning of the XXI century
Authors: Kozlova Anastasiia
Published: June 2023

“Where Brazil goes, all of Latin America goes.” This expression by American President Richard Nixon has been repeatedly confirmed in history. In the middle of the second decade of the current century in Latin America, the left turn began to be replaced by the “right”. Brazil’s foreign policy has also undergone changes caused by the reconfiguration of domestic politics: after 16 years of the Workers’ Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT), as well as building a system of South American regional integration, forming a new identity of the country, conducting an active foreign policy in a multilateralism paradigm, a cautious approach to relations with the United States, Brazil sharply changed course. The article examines the evolution of the country’s foreign policy towards the Latin American region in the XXI century, while focusing on the analysis of changes in Brazil’s foreign policy vector in the context of regional cooperation and integration formats. Particular attention is paid to examining the position of Brazil in terms of regional leadership. The formation and change of the conceptual positioning of Brazil, the construction of the idea of “South America” and its role in regional integration are also discussed.
An Analysis of the Impact of a Pandemic on the Performance of Pharmaceutical Stocks
Authors: Ambelal Mahir , Sebastian Avani
Published: June 2023

Abstract This research paper investigates the impact of the 2009 H1N1 and Covid-19 pandemics on the returns, volatility, systematic risk and total risk composition of 80 pharmaceutical stocks listed on 11 market indices. Using Bayesian inference and Monte Carlo simulation, the analysis creates an expectation of the potential impact that the Covid-19 pandemic will have on the performance of pharmaceutical stocks. The analysis show a likely increase in stock prices of up to 25% of their values at the start of the pandemic. The results also show that the negative impacts of the pandemic will be realised as increased volatility rather than a decrease in returns. The research makes a methodological contribution to the research on market reaction during pandemics. It also extends the literature on market behaviour during periods of economic uncertainty.
Information Technology Integration to Promote SMEs Productivities and Sustainability
Authors: Ajibade Patrick , M. Mutula Stephen
Published: June 2023

Abstract As the Small and Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs) are essential to any nations’ economy, so is the alignment of Information Technologies in improving business agility, sustainability and productivity. The aim of this article is to critically assess the level of business and IT infrastructure alignment with the SMEs. Data were collected from 230 SMEs in Nigeria and South Africa, and statistical software was used to analyse and present results. The findings indicated a lack of partnerships between IT and business units/department (r = -.265), and this negatively affected the SMEs ability to maximise the potential of their employees due to lack or inability of the IT and business department to collaborate (r = -.167) in order to increase operational agility. Furthermore, the SMEs ability to integrate their IT infrastructure with the scope of their IT architecture is very low, but barely above average (µ = 2.98). However, the SMEs compliance with the IT standards were robust (µ = 4.07), with the level of IT alignment with their business processes (µ = 3.08) reaching level three. Furthermore, these firms have developed an established strategy to handle IT disruption to business operations (µ = 3.42), due to a flexible scope of IT infrastructure (µ = 3.47) with their business and IT environment. Nevertheless, the study concluded that the SMEs must achieve between level 4 and 5 of business-IT alignment, to be able to withstand rapid disruption from more sophisticated technologies and volatile business environment.
Executive Opinion
Authors: Moloi Tankiso , O. Madichie Nnamdi
Published: June 2023

Abstract It is a privilege to have been able to catch up with Professor Tankiso Moloi, an erudite scholar and practitioner – pracademic extraordinaire, who has also been recently appointed to the board of the Africa Beyond the Fourth Industrial Revolution (AB4IR) – a burgeoning non-profit organisation. The key points of our conversation are pertinent to the sort of debates and research covered in the African Journal of Business and Economic Research, and would most certainly encourage potential contributors to delve deeper into the main talking points. Notable highlights from this interview include hope for Africa’s future in technology development, as well as what the African Continental Free Trade Area that kicked off on 1 January 2021 truly means for Africa.
The Effect of Health on Economic Growth in Namibia
Authors: J. Undji Valdemar , Nakambo Robinson , P. S. Sheefeni Johannes
Published: June 2023

Abstract This study presents the findings on the effect of health on economic growth in Namibia. Quarterly time series data, such as Gross domestic product growth, life expectancy at birth (total years), mortality rate-under 5 (per 1000 live births), and Government health expenditure (% of GDP) from 1990Q1 to 2018Q4 were used. Data collected were analysed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach for cointegration and the Granger causality test. The findings of the study show a long-run relationship of life expectancy at birth (total years) and mortality rate-under 5 to Gross domestic product growth. On the other hand, the short-run results show no relationship in the mentioned variables. The Granger causality test reveals no short-run causal effect, whereas, in the long-run, the parameter for the error correction term exhibits causality among the variables. The study concludes by providing key policy recommendations intended to improve the health conditions for citizens, which in return ends up contributing to economic growth.
LEGALITAS PENGGUNAAN SENJATA SPACE BASED MISSILE INTERCEPTOR UNTUK UPAYA SELF DEFENSE (SUATU KAJIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PIAGAM PBB DAN OUTER SPACE TREATY 1967)
Authors: Syofyan Syofirman , Angelia Rully Jodie , Engriyeni Dewi
Published: June 2023

Pasal 51 piagam PBB mengatur hak menggunakan kekuatan bersenjata untuk membela diri bagi suatu negara. Berdasarkan pasal ini, penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata untuk membela diri bagi negara adalah sah. Namun ketentuan ini dinilai kurang jelas dalam mengatur batasan penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata untuk pertahanan diri. Oleh karena itu, legalitas penggunaan senjata ini sebagai pertahanan diri juga perlu ditinjau kembali dari ketentuan yang tertuang dalam Space Treaty 1967. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui legalitas penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata untuk pertahanan diri dan upaya menjaga perdamaian dan keamanan internasional serta penggunaan senjata pencegat rudal berbasis ruang angkasa. ruang menurut Piagam PBB dan Perjanjian Luar Angkasa 1967. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif yang merupakan penulisan hukum sastra. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pencegat rudal berbasis antariksa sebagai upaya pertahanan diri adalah sah baik berdasarkan Pasal 51 Piagam PBB maupun Pasal III Perjanjian Antariksa 1967, namun berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal yang kurang jelas. 51 Piagam PBB, ada batasan hukum penggunaan senjata ini sebagai alat pertahanan diri. Legalitas penggunaan senjata tersebut terbatas pada penggunaannya untuk mencegat rudal yang sudah aktif atau sedang terbang di wilayah negara yang bertindak sebagai aktor pertahanan diri dan di wilayah yang tidak ada kedaulatannya. Selain itu, berdasarkan resiko atau akibat dari pencegatan rudal tersebut, khususnya rudal dengan hulu ledak nuklir untuk pertahanan diri negara dan negara lain, maka upaya pencegatan rudal tersebut melalui penggunaan pencegat rudal berbasis antariksa dapat dilegalkan sebagai upaya pertahanan diri.
Un emprendedor debe ser perseverante con sus sueños para lograr ser un empresario exitoso
Authors: Imbachi Samboni Carlos Andrés , Rojas López Mario Andrés
Published: June 2023

En el presente artículo de opinión, se presentan concepciones de emprendimiento, empresario e innovación. Este trabajo se realiza con el objetivo de compartir, al lector, una serie de experiencias y conocimientos en el desarrollo de la mentalidad empresarial, con el fin de obtener una idea conceptual de cómo empezar a formarse como emprendedor y lograr ser un empresario competitivo. Esto implica indagar acerca de las características de las personas que han conseguido ser exitosas en el mundo de los negocios, pero antes se debe contar con información verídica de autores críticos que sustenten la opinión de quienes redactan este artículo. De esta manera, se pretende aportar al éxito y a la productividad social, donde la investigación permite brindar una apropiación del tema y dar una explicación acertada de lo expresado a continuación.
La recreación, vista desde un pensamiento emprendedor
Authors: Gómez Palacios Johana Lizeth , Pinza Pianda Diego Andrés
Published: June 2023

En el siguiente texto se hablará de la importancia de la recreación en la humanidad, para lo cual se dará a conocer su versatilidad, puesto que son actividades orientadas a diferentes contextos y poblaciones, que aportan en la mejora de la calidad de vida de quienes la practican y como herramienta para el buen uso del tiempo libre. Así mismo, se hablará de los beneficios que la recreación puede otorgar a las personas y cómo se orienta a generar una forma de emprendimiento innovador y recursivo, para buscar maneras de crear empleo a través de distintos conocimientos y habilidades que posee el licenciado en Educación Física.
Descifrando el código de emprender desde la Educación Física
Authors: Narváez Narváez Lina Shelin
Published: June 2023

Este artículo discute la importancia del emprendimiento y cómo llevarlo a cabo desde la Educación Física. Durante mucho tiempo, se ha vivido en una sociedad donde se resalta el pensamiento y/o mentalidad continua hacia el conformismo, de esta manera, se ha limitado el camino al éxito. Por lo tanto, se busca generar un cambio, basado en la transformación de esa mentalidad, que como fin último permita emprender, de igual manera, evidenciar aquellos aspectos que ayuden a generar una mentalidad emprendedora desde la mirada de la Educación Física.

También se dará a conocer las diferentes percepciones desde las cuales se ve al mundo, ya que todo depende del pensamiento propio de cada persona. Cabe señalar que, las mentes brillantes son aquellas capaces de poner en práctica sus ideas y van más allá del conformismo, donde esperar no está entre los planes, sino, por el contrario, ser capaces de poner en acción las ideas para formar parte del cambio y generar impacto en la sociedad; qué mejor mirada que desde la Educación Física.
Plan de negocios para la producción y comercialización de Weight Loss Coffee Shake en la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto
Authors: Legarda Narváez Ángela Alejandra , Enríquez Ordoñez Carlos Gerardo
Published: June 2023

El batido Weight Loss Coffee-Shake es un producto destinado a ayudar a personas de 18 a 65 años de edad a regular su peso y evitar la obesidad. Según un tamizaje nutricional hecho en el año 2017 en la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto, hay un 30,3 % de ellas que maneja un índice de masa corporal correcto; un 26,0 % de ellas tiene obesidad y, un 43,7 % de la población nariñense evidencia sobrepeso (Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, 2018). Debido a este estudio, es posible darse cuenta que el sobrepeso y la obesidad son enfermedades dentro del departamento de Nariño, que se convierten en un problema de salud pública que puede volverse un factor de causa de muerte; con la ayuda de este batido y sus componentes podrá ser prevenible y tratado.

No se trata solo de potencializar a estas personas con esta ‘enfermedad’, sino también al caficultor nariñense, que será un aliado con la producción del café; para ser más específicos, los principales proveedores serán los de La Unión, Nariño. Además, este producto será amigable con el medio ambiente, debido a sus componentes; la caja será abono en zonas verdes por ser fécula de maíz y, su sachet se descompondrá en agua porque será a base de almidón de yuca.