bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE REPRESENTATION OF CRITICAL THINKING IN THE TEXTBOOK SUPER MINDS LEVEL 3
Authors: Phuong An Nguyen , My Tham Duong
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the extent to which critical thinking (CT) is represented in the English textbook Super Minds Level 3 which has been used to teach English to the elementary level. The textbook analysis is based on two frameworks including the analytic categories of CT and the material evaluation checklists. More specifically, the CT framework Consists of categories such as clarification, perspective, prediction, reason and evidence, summary, and conclusion. Besides, the textbook was analyzed regarding aim and approaches, design and organization, language content, skills, and learners’ needs. The descriptive content analysis reveals that the language skills tasks in the textbook primarily emphasize reasoning and evidence, along with clarification, perspective, and prediction, while summary and conclusion are less represented. Additionally, the material evaluation checklists, covering aspects like aims and approaches, design and organization, language content, and learners' needs, provide supplementary insights into the CT characteristics of the textbook, though these aspects are discussed more briefly in descriptive details and mainly serve as a foundation in this study. Overall, the selected CT categories are found to be well-represented through the textbook evaluation, particularly in the language skills tasks, which significantly contribute to fostering learners' critical thinking skills.
INVESTIGATING ACADEMIC BOREDOM AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT NONG LAM UNIVERSITY, HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Thi Lan Anh Phan , Nhi Ha Hoang , Lien Huong Nguyen , Van Viet Vo
Published: December 2024

The present study examined the strategies used by English major students to cope with boredom at Nong Lam University in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A total of 427 students from 7 batches (2016-2022) participated in the study. The data from a questionnaire was collected and analyzed through SPSS version 22.0. The Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS) was used to assess levels of academic boredom, while the Coping with Boredom Scale (CBS) measured students' boredom coping strategies. It was found that the participants experienced moderate levels of boredom, with Inattention and Disengagement as the main contributing factors. The most frequently used coping strategies were the cognitive approach and behavioral approach. There was no significant distinction between male and female students in terms of using coping boredom strategies. Correlations between boredom aspects and coping strategies were also examined using correlational analysis. Pedagogical recommendations for ESP lecturers were also discussed in the paper.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HOMEWORK AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
Authors: Thi Bich Nguyen Dao , Viet Thanh Dao , Ngoc Thang Ha , Anh Thu Pham
Published: December 2024

This study explores the impact of homework on students' academic performance and their perceptions of homework. A quantitative research design was adopted to analyze data collected from two high schools in Vietnam by employing a homework tracking sheet and test records. Additionally, a survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted to investigate students' perceptions of homework's influence on their academic outcomes. Participants include forty-three 12th graders from a mainstream school and thirty-three 12th graders from a gifted school. The test records reveal that homework poses little impact on students' academic achievements and that homework poses different impacts on students’ achievements on various types of tests. The survey, however, indicates that students from both schools generally perceived homework as beneficial to their academic performance. The findings highlight the importance of thoughtful homework design, suggesting several key considerations to help students develop the skills and confidence needed for academic success.
MEASURES TO APPLY THE CASE STUDY METHOD IN TEACHING THE SUBJECT “EDUCATIONAL WORK OF HO CHI MINH COMMUNIST YOUTH UNION” AT THE VIETNAM YOUTH ACADEMY
Authors: Dieu Linh Nguyen
Published: December 2024

After five years of introducing the subject “Educational Work of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union” into the curriculum for the Bachelor's degree in Youth Work, certain limitations have emerged in teaching methods, which tend to be heavily theoretical and have not effectively fostered students' problem-solving abilities. Therefore, applying the case study method in this subject will contribute to improving teaching quality in line with capability development goals, and meeting the required learning outcomes. An increase in duration from 02 credits to 03 credits, provides opportunities for instructors to have more time to apply designed situations for students to research and discuss. The measures to apply the case study method in teaching the subject of Educational Work of the Youth Union focus on the design of teaching situations, organization of teaching, and evaluation of the teaching process. Consequently, it is directly applied to innovative teaching methods at the present Vietnam Youth Academy.
ESTABLISHING EXTENSIVE READING CORPUS TO DEVELOP EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR 5TH-GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Xuan Thao Do , Thi Ngoc Mai Dinh
Published: December 2024

In regards to the obstacles in teaching and studying extensive reading in elementary schools, the goals of the 2018 Literature National Curriculum as well as the acknowledgement of the role of emotional intelligence development for students in life, it is necessary to conduct a discussion in terms of theories about emotional intelligence and a survey of extensive reading education in elementary schools. In practice, elementary school students have been receiving extensive reading (previously as supplementary reading and now as a requirement in the output standards of the 2018 Literature National Curriculum). However, apart from the master's thesis of author Le Thi Hang [1] which is considered an opening thesis for building reading materials to develop emotional intelligence in elementary schools, there have been no studies on building and exploiting extensive reading materials to develop emotional intelligence for elementary school students in specific grades explicitly and systematically. Based on multiple studied theories, we have established an extensive reading corpus system to develop emotional intelligence for 5th-grade students.
Ecosistema del emprendimiento por oportunidad en Costa Rica
Authors: Buenadicha Sánchez César , Virviescas Mendoza Tatiana , Gordon Paola , Cardeña Rodríguez Eric , Lecaros Camila
Published: December 2024

El ecosistema de emprendimiento por oportunidad se refiere a un entorno donde las personas emprendedoras inician negocios basados en oportunidades de mercado únicas, en lugar de por necesidad. En América Latina y el Caribe, este ecosistema ha crecido significativamente, creando apoyos que facilitan la identificación, diseño e implementación de propuestas con impacto económico y social. Sin embargo, enfrenta desafíos estructurales que deben abordarse para maximizar su potencial en el desarrollo sostenible y el bienestar regional.

BID Lab y MassChallenge México colaboraron en un estudio para analizar y mejorar los ecosistemas de emprendimiento de Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México y Panamá. Este informe revisa las condiciones de estos ecosistemas, identificando oportunidades de crecimiento y desarrollando estrategias para mejorar servicios, articulaciones y dinámicas que fomenten nuevos emprendimientos e innovaciones. El objetivo es adaptarse a las demandas socio-ambientales y de mercado, impulsando el desarrollo y la generación de empleo en la región.

El estudio se centra en la caracterización del ecosistema de emprendimiento por oportunidad en Costa Rica, utilizando seis variables clave para medir su madurez: marco regulatorio, actores del ecosistema emprendedor, actores según la etapa de crecimiento, apoyo financiero, apoyo no financiero y modelos de rol. Estas variables evalúan la efectividad del entorno en apoyar el desarrollo empresarial en diferentes etapas y la disponibilidad de recursos que fortalezcan la capacidad emprendedora.
El problema de la corrección en el Arbitraje en Equidad: una propuesta de modelo prescriptivo
Authors: Bajaña Tovar Fernando
Published: December 2024

El régimen arbitral ecuatoriano establece dos posibilidades para el contenido motivo de sus fallos: (i) una fundamentación en derecho, sustentada en premisas legislativas, jurisprudenciales y doctrinales; y (ii) una argumentación inspirada en equidad, donde se conjugan estándares generales como el “leal saber y entender” y la “sana crítica”. Es este último criterio, de aparentes inspiraciones éticas y filosóficas, el que graba dentro el arbitraje una mayor relevancia normativa, en la medida de que la ley arbitral lo define como la modalidad resolutiva por default. No obstante, a contrariedad de la relevancia normativa que tiene el mecanismo ex aequo et bono, su desarrollo dogmático ha sido muy escaso. En tal virtud, el presente estudio pretende configurar un modelo prescriptivo de laudos equitativos, por medio del cual se defienda una tesis liberal del arbitraje en equidad, valiéndose para eso de criterios y principios económicos como los de eficiencia y de minimización de costos de transacción.
La arbitrabilidad de las patentes de invención
Authors: Chugá Porras Andrés W.
Published: December 2024

Una patente de invención debe cumplir determinados requisitos para obtener la protección Estatal y brindar a su titular el derecho de explotación exclusiva. Sin embargo, por tratarse de un derecho que otorga 20 años de protección al titular y retira del alcance de los demás su explotación implica que habrá, en algún momento, afectación al orden público. Es precisamente que su arbitrabilidad se ve afectada y complicada por ser un derecho que se supedita a una aprobación estatal y además que afecta a la sociedad en general.
Aplicabilidad de la acción extraordinaria de protección frente a la decisión sobre competencia: análisis a la luz de las recientes decisiones de la Corte Constitucional
Authors: Larrea Savinovich Andrés , Alarcón Peralta Juan Martín
Published: December 2024

Por mandato del artículo 22 de la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación (LAM), una vez constituido el tribunal de arbitraje, se fijará el día y hora para la realización de la audiencia de sustanciación en la que, entre otras cosas, los árbitros resolverán sobre su propia competencia. Este principio de derecho internacional reconocido como kompetenz-kompetenz es uno de los pilares fundamentales en la práctica del arbitraje moderno. Pero, ¿qué sucede si un tribunal se declara competente sin serlo? Si bien la LAM guarda silencio respecto a la posibilidad que tienen las partes procesales de impugnar una decisión sobre competencia, este artículo explora la aplicabilidad de la acción extraordinaria de protección como mecanismo para atacar esta resolución por ser violatoria a lo ordenado por el artículo 76 de la Constitución (derecho a ser juzgado por un juez competente). Hay que tener presente que la Corte Constitucional en dos decisiones recientes (31-14- EP y 323-13-EP) clarificó los casos en los que proceden este tipo de acciones constitucionales en procesos de arbitraje, cómo se diferencian respecto de las acciones de nulidad y sobre la necesidad de agotar la acción de nulidad previo a la interposición de una acción constitucional. Sin embargo, estas decisiones judiciales parecen haber generado nuevas inquietudes respecto de la decisión de competencia de un tribunal incompetente y la posibilidad de impugnarla a través de una acción extraordinaria de protección.
Solutions for Protecting Consumer Rights on E-commerce Platforms under Vietnamese Law
Authors: Minh Nguyen Ngoc
Published: December 2024

The Vietnamese legal framework for consumer protection in e-commerce transactions is still in the process of gradual improvement, with many limitations remaining. Violations of consumer rights frequently occur, causing damage to consumers when purchasing goods on e-commerce platforms. To promote the development of e-commerce transactions, it is necessary for the government to supplement legal regulations on consumer protection in e-commerce, ensuring the protection of consumers' legitimate rights and fostering their confidence and sense of security when conducting transactions on these platforms. This article highlights the challenges faced by consumers on e-commerce platforms and proposes appropriate solutions to protect consumer rights in accordance with Vietnamese law.
Lease as an Element of Legal Relations to Ensure the Implementation of Passenger and Baggage Transportation Activities by Passenger Taxis
Authors:   Expert of the Legal Directorate of the Research and Engineering Institute of Informatization, Automation and Communication in Railway Transport, Skvarko Ulyana A.
Published: December 2024

The article addresses a relevant issue of transport law that has arisen as a result of the transformation of
legislation. The author analyzes the elements of legal relationships concerning the provision of passenger and luggage
transportation services by taxi. It is shown that in studying the legal relationships of the parties, one should be guided
by their general purpose and take a comprehensive approach.
Some Aspects of Countering Drug Crime in Russia from the Standpoint of Criminology
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamentals of Law Enforcement of the M.M. Speransky Law Faculty of the Institute of Law and National Security, Volkova Olesya V. , Drozdova Elena A. ,   ssociate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Law Enforcement Activities of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport
Published: December 2024

The article discusses current problems related to threats to public safety, in particular drug crime in Russia.
The analysis of the dynamics of drug crimes over the past five years is carried out, their main trends are investigated,
including an increase in the number of crimes related to synthetic drugs and an increase in cases of drug trafficking via
the Internet. Special attention is paid to criminal law measures and preventive programs aimed at combating illicit drug
trafficking. The work of leading Russian is analyzed criminologists such as N.A. Lopashenko and Y.M. Antonyan, who
emphasize the need for a combination of repressive and rehabilitative measures to successfully counter drug crime.
The issues of the growth of drug crimes among minors were also considered, which indicates the need to strengthen
preventive work among young people. As a result of the study, measures are proposed to improve law enforcement
practice and strengthen the social support system for drug addicts.
Variations vs Work Acceleration Requirements in Global Construction Activities
Authors:   Lecturer of the School of Law of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Monchenko Olga V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of demands for acceleration of work performance in international construction
activities. The definition of the demand for acceleration is given, individual features and consequences of its implementation
in practice are considered, judicial practice on disputes related to the sending of the corresponding demand by the customer
to the contractor is analyzed. The article draws a conclusion regarding the relationship between Changes and demands for
acceleration of work performance.
The Reverse Influence of the Soviet State Law Textbook of 1938. Part 2.
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law Named after G.V. Maltsev of the M.M. Speransky Law of the Institute of Law and National Security, Gabrelyan Emil V.
Published: December 2024

The article shows the absence of grounds to confirm the thesis about the influence of the textbook of Soviet state law of
1938, which is manifested in the continuity of its key provisions by the science of Soviet state law and subsequent textbooks
of Soviet state law. One can only speak of the opposite influence. The second part of the article substantiates that the science
of Soviet state law and subsequent textbooks and teaching aids on this subject reject the approach to the concept of state law
proposed in the textbook of Soviet state law of 1938, revise approaches to the system of the course of Soviet state law and the
idea of the proper volume of the textbook of Soviet state law. A significant departure from these key principles of the textbook
of Soviet state law of 1938 is already demonstrated by the textbook of the same name of 1948.
Adaptation of the Social Well-being Scale for Teachers and School Staff
Authors: Bilbao Marian , López Verónica , Torres-Vallejos Javier , Ascorra Paula , Páez Darío
Published: December 2024

Social well-being is the assessment of social functioning, which plays a key role in mental health. In the school context, teachers and school staff can promote students’ well-being, but it is related to their own. To assess their social well-being, the Keyes social well-being scale was adapted to the school context. Psychometric properties were analyzed in 899 teachers and school staff in Valparaíso, Chile. The results suggest that 22 items are suitable for use, showing good fit to the data. Smaller school size and school participation are associated with higher social well-being. The adapted scale can be a useful tool to measure socio-affective variables of adults in the school community.
Integrative review: Mental health interventions with healthcare professionals in the hospital settings
Authors: Forni dos Santos Larissa , Malheiro dos Santos Gracielle , Castanho Pablo
Published: December 2024

Healthcare professionals are exposed to various work conditions that can affect their mental health. Starting from the following question: “what interventions have been conducted in the field of mental health for healthcare teams working in a hospital context?”, we conducted an integrative review covering the period from 2001 to 2022, using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BSV). Nine original studies with different methodological designs were included. Several variables were analyzed, including stress, burnout, job satisfaction, depression, anxiety, resilience, well-being, and quality of life, among others. Except for job satisfaction and self-efficacy, the remaining variables showed positive results.
Aproximación a los significados del trabajo y la familia en emergencia sanitaria
Authors: Riquelme-Segura Leonor , Schnettler Berta , Quintano-Méndez Felipe , Denegri Marianela
Published: December 2024

En la actualidad, las transformaciones en la sociedad han permeado a las instituciones del trabajo y la familia. Mediante una metodología mixta se buscó conocer los significados, que 105 personas que trabajan remuneradamente, atribuyen al “Trabajo” y la “Familia” en tiempos de emergencia sanitaria. Se utilizaron redes semánticas naturales, para explorar los significados y análisis de correspondencia simple para establecer asociaciones. Los resultados obtenidos brindan evidencia acerca del significado del trabajo y la familia como construcciones sociales, que forman parte de la identidad individual y cultural de las personas, así como de la relación significativa de estos constructos con el género y la edad.
O percurso e a atuação criativa e educativa de uma ilustradora
Authors: Porto-Oliveira Edileusa , Formiga Sobrinho Asdrúbal
Published: December 2024

O desenvolvimento do potencial criativo pode ser influenciado por aspectos relacionados ao próprio indivíduo e por suas experiências ao longo da vida. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar aspectos relacionados ao percurso e à atuação criativa e educativa de uma ilustradora, com foco no papel de professora. Foi utilizado o conteúdo das “lives” para ensinar desenho, no período de pandemia do Coronavírus, e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados evidenciaram singularidades no desenvolvimento e na expressão no desenho, e na forma de ensiná-lo: combinações entre o novo e o adaptado no ensino e aprendizagem de desenho; tensão entre regras para desenhar e liberdade para criar; duplo papel de modelos como elementos inibidores e disparadores do processo de criação.
Autocontrol como predictor de las agresiones autoinformadas entre pares en estudiantes de primaria y secundaria en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Redondo Pacheco Jesús , Morillo Puente Solbey
Published: December 2024

El Autocontrol es el constructo más influyente en la conducta antisocial y las agresiones entre pares con conductas antisociales. Se indagó la relación entre las agresiones y el autocontrol en 265 estudiantes en Colombia, mediante una investigación cuantitativa con una encuesta de autoinforme. El 29.8% de los participantes tienen bajo autocontrol, y uno de cada diez participó en las agresiones estudiadas. El bajo autocontrol está relacionado significativamente con estas agresiones y el sexo con las agresiones relacionales, pero no con las físicas ni verbales. Además, el Autocontrol presenta mayor peso específico en la predicción de las agresiones físicas (Wald = 14.119), mientras que la Edad tuvo el mayor peso específico en las agresiones verbales (Wald = 11.287) y relacionales (Wald = 10.276). Se concluye que el Autocontrol predice las variables agresiones autoinformadas físicas y verbales, pero no las relacionales.
Domestic Terrorism: How the US Legal System is Falling Short
Authors: Carmichael Camden , Buxton Brooke , Hughes Seamus , Braun Clara
Published: December 2024

Despite a rapid increase in domestic terrorism investigations in the United States, the threat that domestic terrorism poses to the homeland remains unclear. This is due to a lack of a comprehensive domestic terrorism legal framework that fully encompasses the variety of ideological groups present in the US. Using a sample of twenty-six QAnon and eighteen incel cases that have been federally prosecuted, our team examined how the US prosecutorial system utilises non terrorism-related charges in addressing domestic violent extremism (DVE) cases. We propose a more inclusive DVE legal framework that expands the categorisation of VE ideologies, identifies specific DVE charges, and requires the engagement of the prosecutorial and probationary offices. By recognising Misogyny Motivated Violent Extremists (MMVEs) and Conspiracy Theory Motivated Violent Extremists (CTMVEs) as their own threat categories, it would allow researchers and practitioners to gain a deeper understanding of how pervasive the threat posed by these ideologies is.
The Relationship between the Severity of Atopic Dermatitis and Sleep Quality in Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Teaching Hospital Patients
Authors: Caecilia Elva  , Oenarta Dave Gerald , Djaputra Edith Maria
Published: December 2024

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that commonly begins during childhood. Most atopic dermatitis patients may experience symptoms that continue into adulthood. Itching is the characteristic symptom of atopic dermatitis. Over time, patients’ itching can lead to sleep disturbances. In fact, every human being requires sleep to maintain the balance of metabolism, calories, temperature, and immunity. If a person often lacks sleep, the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, deterioration of mental health, and premature death will increase. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the severity of atopic dermatitis and sleep quality in Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University (WMSCU) teaching hospital patients. Methods: This is an analytic study with a cross-sectional research design. This study used the purposive sampling technique as its sampling method. A dermatologist used the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) instrument, to assess the severity of atopic dermatitis in the samples, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to assess their sleep quality. Result: The Mann-Whitney test showed a p value of 0.348 (p> 0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the severity of atopic dermatitis and sleep quality in WMSCU teaching hospital patients.
Periungual Pyogenic Granuloma in Multiple Nails due to Isotretinoin
Authors: Ahluwalia Daisy , Bansal Shikha , Prathibha Kuchana , Lachyan Abhishek
Published: December 2024

Background: Isotretinoin, a first-generation nonaromatic retinoid approved in 1973 for severe nodulocystic acne treatment in the United States, has historically been associated with mucocutaneous adverse events. Case: The case involves a 22-year-old male with chronic plaque psoriasis who, after eight weeks of isotretinoin use, experienced swelling, pain, and bleeding in the periungual area of multiple fingers. Dermoscopic examination and follow-up assessments, including images, demonstrate the progression and eventual complete resolution of the periungual pyogenic granuloma following discontinuation of isotretinoin and topical application of fusidic acid and betamethasone combination. Discussion: The discussion delves into potential mechanisms linking isotretinoin to increased skin fragility and granulation tissue development, drawing on insights from experts like Baran and Piraccini. Additionally, we explore the role of angiogenic factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the context of psoriasis and its potential contribution to the development of pyogenic granuloma, with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying processes leading to this unique adverse event. Conclusion: In conclusion, this case report underscores the importance of recognizing and promptly addressing rare adverse events associated with medication errors. The successful resolution of the periungual pyogenic granuloma highlights the significance of timely intervention and appropriate management strategies in mitigating adverse outcomes.
Secondary Syphilis with Multiple Co-Infections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Tuberculosis (TB), and Oral Candidiasis in a 19-Year-Old Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Case Report
Authors: Melin Uliana Nur , Adhi Dharmasanti Prasti
Published: December 2024

Background: Syphilis is an infection of the Treponema pallidum bacteria that often occurs along with conditions such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, tuberculosis (TB), and oral candidiasis. A weakened immune system affects the complex interactions between these conditions and the clinical presentation as well as the therapeutic management provided to patients. Case: A 19-year-old male with a history of HIV complained of lesions on the skin and mouth. Anamnesis, physical examination, and serological test results establish the diagnosis of secondary syphilis and pulmonary tuberculosis, characterized by a one-month history of phlegm coughing and weight loss, was confirmed via sputum testing. Additionally, oral candidiasis was identified based on clinical examination. Discussion: The patient exhibited complex complications from secondary syphilis, HIV infection, TB, and oral candidiasis. In cases of syphilis with HIV, the appropriate treatment is three doses of Benzathine Penicillin G. Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs administration for TB was adjusted based on HIV status and therapy response, and antifungal fluconazole for oral candidiasis. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of proper management and close monitoring of patients with multiple infectious conditions, including treatment of syphilis patients that has  a higher incidence in men who have MSM, HIV, TB, and oral candidiasis. Timely and appropriate therapy strategies are essential to minimize complications and improve clinical outcomes.
Research Paradigms in Education: A Comparation Between Foucault’s Postmodernism, Positivism, Interpretivism and Critical Theory
Authors: Mbhiza H.
Published: December 2024

The concept of paradigm in research is one that many postgraduate students as well as emerging researchers find difficult to understand and apply in their research proposal and/or research writings. In recent seminars, I have observed that students in higher degrees find the concept of research paradigms, particularly the postmodern paradigm, as difficult to explain. This conceptual paper focuses on what Foucault (1970) refers to as “discursive formations” and discusses the constitutive elements of discursive formations are. The similarities and differences between Foucault’s view of knowledge and the views of knowledge held within positivism, interpretivism and critical theory are indicated as a way of making the paradigmatic language for these positions comprehensible. Foucault’s work (1970, “The Archaeology of Knowledge”) is used to look at the educational implications of postmodernism, helping to understand the processes of learning and teaching, as well as what is considered as educational knowledge.
Keywords: Foucault, Postmodernism, Interpretivism, Critical Theory, Discursive Formation, Knowledge
From Observer to Agent: On the Unification of Physics and Intelligence Science
Authors: feng liu , Liu Ying , Lv BenFu
Published: December 2024

Research shows that observers and agents, as key concepts in physics and intelligence science respectively, exhibit profound intrinsic consistency. Based on this understanding, we propose and construct Theory of Universal Intelligent Evolution, known as Omega Theory, which offers an innovative exploration of Theory of Everything (ToE) from the perspective of intelligence science. Within the framework of Omega Theory, this paper unifies the research subjects and dynamic mechanisms of physics and intelligence science, revealing that the intelligence level of the observer is the fundamental source of the differences among classical mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics. Furthermore, this paper proposes that core concepts such as subjectivity and objectivity, determinism and uncertainty, as well as time and space, are inherently related to the intelligent state of agents and Universe.Omega Theory consists of three core models: Standard Agent Model, General Model of Agent Evolution, and Intelligent Universe Evolution Model. Standard Agent Model serves as a foundational axiom, defining the unified structure and functional framework of agents, and it is the cornerstone of the theory. Building upon this, we derive General Model of Agent Evolution and Intelligent Universe Evolution Model. Omega Theory posits that the fundamental units of Universe are agents, and that the entire universe is itself an agent. Matter is a special manifestation of agents, and each agent continuously evolves between the states of absolute zero intelligence and omniscience and omnipotence, driven by two intelligent forces that are derived from the theory.To validate this theory, we have designed a thought experiment in the "Experimental Universe 1," where classical mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics experiments can be simultaneously conducted. By adjusting the intelligence level of the observer, we observe that different physical theory scenarios emerge in succession as the observer's intelligence level changes.
A Review of Large Language Models in Medical Education, Clinical Decision Support, and Healthcare Administration
Authors: Vrdoljak Josip , Boban Zvonimir , Vilović Marino , Kumrić Marko , Božić Joško
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant potential to transform various aspects of healthcare. This review aims to explore the current applications, challenges, and future prospects of LLMs in medical education, clinical decision support, and healthcare administration. Methods: a comprehensive literature review was conducted, examining the applications of LLMs across the three key domains. The analysis included their performance, challenges, and advancements, with a focus on techniques like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Results: In medical education, LLMs show promise as virtual patients, personalized tutors, and tools for generating study materials. Some models have outperformed junior trainees in specific medical knowledge assessments. Concerning clinical decision support, LLMs exhibit potential in diagnostic assistance, treatment recommendations, and medical knowledge retrieval, though performance varies across specialties and tasks. In healthcare administration, LLMs effectively automate tasks like clinical note summarization, data extraction, and report generation, potentially reducing administrative burdens on healthcare professionals. Despite their promise, challenges persist, including hallucination mitigation, addressing biases, and ensuring patient privacy and data security. Conclusions: LLMs have transformative potential in medicine but require careful integration into healthcare settings. Ethical considerations, regulatory challenges, and interdisciplinary collaboration between AI developers and healthcare professionals are essential. Future advancements in LLM performance and reliability through techniques such as RAG, fine-tuning, and reinforcement learning will be critical to ensuring patient safety and improving healthcare delivery.
Esterase-Mediated Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of an Invasive Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi from Ethiopia
Authors: Zhong Daibin , Degefa Teshome , Zhou Guofa , Lee Ming-Chieh , Wang Chloe , Chen Jiale , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Yan Guiyun
Published: December 2024

Background: The swift expansion of the invasive malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, throughout Africa presents a major challenge to malaria control initiatives. Unlike the native African vectors, An. stephensi thrives in urban settings and has developed resistance to multiple classes of insec-ticides, including pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates. Methods: Insecticide suscep-tibility tests were performed on field-collected An. stephensi mosquitoes from Awash Sebac Kilo, Ethiopia, to assess insecticide resistance levels. Illumina RNA-seq analysis was then employed to compare the transcriptomes of resistant field populations and susceptible laboratory strains (STE2). Results: An. stephensi populations exhibited high levels of resistance to both deltamethrin (mortality, 39.4 ± 6.0%) and permethrin (mortality, 59.3 ± 26.3%) in WHO tube bioassays. RNA-seq analysis revealed that both resistant and untested field populations exhibited increased expression of genes associated with pyrethroid resistance, including esterases, P450s, and GSTs, compared to the susceptible STE2 strain. Notably, Esterase E4 and venom carboxylesterase-6 were significantly overexpressed, up to 70-fold, compared to the laboratory strain. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant overrepresentation of genes associated with catalytic activity under mo-lecular functions and metabolic process under biological process. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified two co-expression modules (green and blue) that included 48 genes strongly linked to pyrethroid insecticide resistance. A co-expression network was subsequently built based on the weight values within these modules. Conclusions: This study highlights the role of esterases in pyrethroid resistance in An. stephensi. The identifi-cation of candidate genes associated with insecticide resistance will facilitate the development of rapid diagnostic tools to monitor resistance trends.
Energy Saving on Building Industry Infraestructure
Authors: Pimenta Reis Neto Octavio
Published: December 2024

The tooling industry develops solutions year by year seeking operational efficiency improvement. Resources consumption in construction sites has attention paid when costs reduction is the way to achieve competitiveness for residential and commercial units which face a market even more demanding. Customers and shareholders are asking beyond best prices and gains, they definitely want to have tangibility for what was qualitative benefit. Safety at work is no more merely number of accidents, it is severe days off expenses and loss of reputation. Guaranteed delivery is no longer unique efficiency variable, where doing more with less is a must. Recipes can be deferred and profits maximized if what the plan was carried out within less time and resources. Taking a typical metal support element for infrastructure utilities (water, electricity, compressed air, gas, among others) as an example, this article aims to demonstrate the significant potential for reducing energy consumption when modular system replaces welded one, mainly if considered battery powered tools. Elements fixed with screws, washers, sliders and nuts reduce the complexity of assembly with 72% less time and up to 83% less material, using less and 42% cheaper labor. With an investment in tooling about 1/5 to 1/3 lower than conventional welded solution, the work becomes safer and more ergonomic. Thanks to the structure’s lower mass, the modular system saves CO2 emissions in transportation by 50% compared to the traditional solution.
Effect of a Personalised Pacing and Active Rest Rehabilitation Programme on Post-Exertional Symptom Exacerbation and Health Status in Long COVID (PACELOC). A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Godfrey Belinda , Shardha Jenna , Witton Sharon , Bodey Rochelle , Tarrant Rachel , Greenwood Darren C. , Sivan Manoj
Published: December 2024

Background: Post-COVID Syndrome or long COVID (LC) is a novel public health crisis and, when persistent (> 2 years), is a long-term condition. Post-exertional Symptom Exacerbation (PESE) is a characteristic symptom of LC and can be improved in a structured pacing rehabilitation programme. Aims: To evaluate the effect of an 8-week structured World Health Organisation (WHO) Borg CR-10 pacing protocol on PESE episodes, LC symptoms and quality of life in a cohort of individuals with long-term LC. Methods: Participants received weekly telephone calls with a clinician to discuss their activity phase considering their PESE symptoms that week. They completed Leeds PESE questionnaire (LPQ), C19-YRS (Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale) and EQ-5D-5L at the beginning (0 week), end of programme (8 weeks) and at final follow-up (12 weeks). Results: Thirty-one participants (duration of LC symptoms 29 months) completed the programme. The PESE episodes decreased in number each week (15% fewer each week, 95% CI: 11% to 20%, p<0.001), were of shorter duration, and of milder severity each week. The changes in C19YRS symptom severity and functional disability (0-12 weeks) were statistically significant but not clinically significant. The EQ5D-5L index score change was not statistically significant. Conclusion: A structured pacing protocol effectively reduced PESE episodes frequency, duration and severity but did not produce clinically significant changes in LC symptoms, reflecting the long-term nature of the condition in this cohort.
CXCR4 Inhibition Enhances Efficacy of CD19 Monoclonal Antibody Mediated Extermination of B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Khunti Nupur , Kumar Manish , Datta Moumita , Harelimana Jean de Dieu , Harms Mirja , Albers Dan P. J. , Kirchhoff Frank , Münch Jan , Stenger Steffen , Buske Christian , Maity Palash Chandra
Published: December 2024

CD19 and CXCR4 are pivotal regulators of B cell activation and migration, respectively. Specifically, CXCR4 signaling critically influences the dissemination of various malignant B cells through constitutive activation and aberrant expression. This study explores the interaction between CD19 and CXCR4 signaling in the context of B-cell lymphomas, particularly focusing on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM). We assessed the roles of CD19 in survival and CXCL12-induced migration by using knock-out (KO) cells of DLBCL and WM origin, alongside evaluating the impact of CD19 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Our results highlight that CD19 is important for survival and CXCL12-induced migration, and mAbs variably increase CXCL12-induced migration and enhance ADCC. Additionally, we demonstrate that the endogenous peptide inhibitor of CXCR4 (EPI-X4) derivative JM#21 effectively inhibits CD19-mediated migration enhancement and promotes ADCC, thereby augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of CD19 mAb-based immunotherapy in lymphoma models. Our study underscores the potential of targeting both CD19 and CXCR4 to refine therapeutic strategies for treating B-cell malignancies, suggesting a synergistic approach could improve clinical outcomes in WM treatment.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Multipurpose Skincare Cream
Authors: Srivastava Shashank
Published: December 2024

The goal behind designing this multipurpose herbal skincare cream is to prepare an herbal cream which is suitable for various skincare needs. Multipurpose creams are designed to fulfill various purposes, including hydrating, calming, preventing aging, and offering antioxidant advantages. Customers searching for a single product to streamline their skincare routine may find this adaptability appealing. In this multipurpose cream, the blend of essential oils and plant extracts can be used to address particular skin issues such as uneven skin tone, dryness, irritation, or acne. The cream's formulation includes essential oils, natural extracts, and other herbal ingredients that work together to benefit the skin in multiple ways. It contains pineapple extract which has antioxidant property and several other benefits like skin brightening, moisturizer and anti acne benefits. Also Aloe Vera provides the skin and pores with intense moisture, leaving the skin smooth, clear, and nourished. Natural ingredients with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, such as turmeric, neem, and tulsi, help to reduce inflammation and prevent breakouts of pimples. In addition, these antioxidants promote the synthesis of collagen, which improves skin suppleness and delays the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It has multiple benefits it helps in various skin disorders and also improves the look and enhances the skin appearance.
Zika Virus, an Emerging Arbovirus in India: A Glimpse of Global Genetic Lineages
Authors: Rajaiah Paramasivan , Gupta Bhavna , Mayilsamy Muniyaraj
Published: December 2024

Zika fever (ZIKAF) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus illness of humans. The etiological agent, ZIKA virus (ZIKAV), though known to be distributed in the tropics causing sporadic cases, its rapid global expansion with pandemic potential raised global concern. Abrupt emergence in South American countries, Caribbean, and the Americas, the WHO declared ZIKA a public health emergency of international concern in 2016. ZIKAV usually causes mild infections, however, its recent unusual presentations of Guillen–Barré syndrome in adult and microcephaly in newborn babies of ZIKAV-infected mothers in Brazil alerted global public health authorities. Certain mutations on virus genome have been found correlating with clinical severity and its unusual transmission routes through sexual and blood transfusions emphasizes the necessity for understanding the virological determinants and its impact. Abrupt re-emergence in India (2018–2019) particularly in Gujarat (2016), Tamil Nadu (2017), Uttar Pradesh (2021), Maharashtra, Kerala (2021), and Karnataka (2023), indicate urgent measures for strengthening surveillance systems for designing effective prevention and control measures in the country. Given the global concern, here we reviewed the current knowledge of global ZIKAV genetic lineages vis-a-vis the Indian scenario and discusses the future priorities in ZIKAV research in India for effectively designing control strategies.
Carbon Footprint of Electricity Produced in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shirinkina Ekaterina , Mozzhegorova Yuliya , Ilinykh Galina , Korotaev Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Energy is the most carbon-intensive industry in Russia. At the same time, the carbon footprint of electricity generation or produced electricity significantly affects the total carbon footprint of a wide variety of materials and products, which is especially relevant for products of energy-intensive industries (aluminum, platinum, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, etc.) and hydrogen energy. According to various sources, the average carbon footprint of electricity generated and consumed in Russia ranges from 310 to 634 g CO2-eq./kWh. In addition, it is necessary to take into account significant differences in the generation structure of individual energy systems and regions of Russia, which causes huge variance in the values of the carbon footprint of electricity. Thus, the main type of fuel used at energy facilities in Russia is natural gas, the share of which is 71% of all fossil fuel consumption by generation facilities. There are also differences in the generation structure between regions within one integrated energy system (IES). The paper analyzes methodological approaches to determining grid emission factors for Russian electricity. It has been established that different principles of territorial division of the Russian energy system can be used to determine grid emission factors (national average grid emission factor, grid emission factors for the unified energy system, grid emission factors for price and non-price zones of the wholesale electricity market).
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Systems to Enhance Efficiency and Biological Properties of Hydrolysates from Frozen Fish Processing Co-Products
Authors: Sapatinha Maria , Camacho Carolina , Costa Juliana , Fernando Ana Luísa , Marques António , Pires Carla
Published: December 2024

Co-products from the frozen fish processing industry often lead to financial losses. Therefore, it is essential to transform these co-products into profitable goods. This study explores the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) from three co-products: heads and bones of black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo), carcasses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and trimmings of Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Four enzymatic hydrolysis systems were tested: an endopeptidase (Alcalase, A), an exopeptidase (Protana, P), two-stage hydrolysis with an endopeptidase followed by an exopeptidase (A+P), and a single stage with endo- and exopeptidase (AP). The results show that combined enzymatic treatments, especially single stage Alcalase and Protana (AP), achieved high protein yields (80%) and enhanced degrees of hydrolysis (41 to 61%), producing peptides with lower molecular weights. FPH exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, with EC50 values below 5 mg/mL. Additionally, AP hydrolysates demonstrated over 60% ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibition at 5 mg/mL, indicating potential antihypertensive applications. The antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer activities were present but at relatively low levels. AP hydrolysates, especially from gilthead seabream, proved to be the most promising. This study highlights the value of fish co-products as sources of functional peptides, contributing to waste reduction and potential applications in food, agriculture, and as nutraceuticals.