bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pleistocene Evolution of a Scandinavian Plateau Landscape
Authors: Andersen J. L. , Egholm D. L. , Knudsen M. F. , Linge H. , Jansen J. D. , Goodfellow B. W. , Pedersen V. K. , Tikhomirov D. , Olsen J. , Fredin O.
Published: December 2018

The origins and Pleistocene evolution of plateau landscapes along passive continental margins of the North Atlantic have been debated for more than a century. A key question in this debate concerns whether glacial and periglacial surface processes have substantially eroded plateau areas during late Cenozoic climatic cooling or whether the plateaus have mainly been protected from erosion by cold‐based and largely nonerosive ice sheets. Here we investigate the Pleistocene evolution of a prominent plateau landscape in Reinheimen National Park, southern Norway. We estimate erosion rates across the plateau via inverse modeling of 141 new cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al measurements in regolith profiles and bedrock. We combine these results with sedimentological analyses of the regolith. In the vicinity of Reinheimen's regolith‐covered summits, the combination of uniformly slow erosion (<10 m/Myr) and near‐parabolic slope geometry suggests long‐term equilibrium with the presently active periglacial mass‐wasting processes. Outside summit areas, erosion is faster (up to >50 m/Myr), possibly due to episodic glacial erosion. Despite some indications of chemical alteration, such as grusic saprolite and small amounts of secondary minerals, the fine regolith comprises low clay/silt ratios and is dominated by primary minerals with no sign of dissolution. Together with our modeled erosion rates, this indicates that the regolith cover formed, and continues to develop, during the cold climate of the Late Pleistocene.
The emerging role of lncRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Yarani Reza , Mirza Aashiq H. , Kaur Simranjeet , Pociot Flemming
Published: December 2018

Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression is linked to the development of various diseases. Recently, an emerging body of evidence has indicated that lncRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative Colitis (UC). In IBD, lncRNAs have been shown to be involved in diverse processes, including the regulation of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, association with lipid metabolism, and cell–cell interactions, thereby enhancing inflammation and the functional regulation of regulatory T cells. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of lncRNAs in IBD and highlight potential avenues for future investigation. We also collate potentially immune-relevant, IBD-associated lncRNAs identified through a built-by association analysis with respect to their neighboring protein-coding genes within IBD-susceptible loci. We further underscore their importance by highlighting their enrichment for various aspects of immune system regulation, including antigen processing/presentation, immune cell proliferation and differentiation, and chronic inflammatory responses. Finally, we summarize the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in IBD.
Ultrasound mediated accelerated Anti-influenza activity of Aloe vera
Authors: Gansukh Enkhtaivan , Gopal Judy , Paul Diby , Muthu Manikandan , Kim Doo-Hwan , Oh Jae-Wook , Chun Sechul
Published: December 2018

Aloe vera (AV) is popular and has been commercialized as a beauty product, laxative, herbal medicine, the antimicrobial activity of AV is proven. The antiviral activity of AV however, has not been well documented except for a handful reports. Till date extraction of AV compounds is popularized using organic solvents, since the active components are effectively extracted in methanol. In the current work, we have employed a 5 min ultrasound based extraction for the effective extraction of aloin and aloe-emodin compounds from AV in water. This rapid, one-pot extraction process resulted in enhanced extraction of flavonoids and phenolics and enrichment of the aloin and aloe-emodin moieties in the ulrasonicated water extracts. The extracts were tested for their anti-influenza activity and, the results showed that the ultrasound extraction enabled the water extracts to show excellent anti influenza activity comparable to that seen in the methanolic extracts. Compared to the methanolic extracts which showed high cytotoxicity, the water extracts showed zero cytotoxicity. Spectrophotometric scans of the extracts confirmed the enrichment of the aloin and aloe emodin peaks in the ultrasonicated extracts of AV, suggesting their handiwork behind the anti-influenza activity. The demonstrated technique if appropriately implicated, would lead to promising solutions in the pharmaceutical pursuit against influenza virus.
Wildfires and the role of their drivers are changing over time in a large rural area of west-central Spain
Authors: Viedma O. , Urbieta I. R. , Moreno J. M.
Published: December 2018

During the last decades, wildfires have been changing in many areas across the world, due to changes in climate, landscapes and socioeconomic drivers. However, how the role of these drivers changed over time has been little explored. Here, we assessed, in a spatially and temporally explicit way, the changing role of biophysical and human-related factors on wildfires in a rural area in west-central Spain from 1979 to 2008. Longitudinal Negative Binomial (NB) and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) mixed models, with time as interacting factor (continuous and categorical), were used to model the number of fires of increasing size (≥1–10 ha, >10–100 ha, >100 ha) per 10 × 10 km cell per year, based on fire statistics. We found that the landscape was rather dynamic, and generally became more hazardous over time. Small fires increased and spread over the landscape with time, with medium and large fires being stable or decreasing. NB models were best for modelling small fires, while ZINB for medium and large; models including time as a categorical factor performed the best. Best models were associated to topography, land-use/land cover (LULC) types and the changes they underwent, as well as agrarian characteristics. Climate variables, forest interfaces, and other socioeconomic variables played a minor role. Wildfires were initially more frequent in rugged topography, conifer forests, shrublands and cells undergoing changes in LULC types of hazardous nature, for all fire sizes. As time went by, wildfires lost the links with the initial fire-prone areas, and as they spread, became more associated to lower elevation areas, with higher solar radiation, herbaceous crops, and large size farms. Thus, the role of the fire drivers changed over time; some decreased their explaining power, while others increased. These changes with time in the total number of fires, in their spatial pattern and in the controlling drivers limit the ability to predict future fires.
DNase-1 Treatment Exerts Protective Effects in a Rat Model of Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Wang Shikai , Xie Tian , Sun Shilong , Wang Kai , Liu Baochen , Wu Xingjiang , Ding Weiwei
Published: December 2018

A growing number of studies have recently revealed a potential role for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the development of inflammation, coagulation and cell death. Deleterious consequences of NETs have been identified in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced organ damage, thrombosis and sepsis. And exogenous DNase-I has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries in the kidney, brain and myocardium. Herein, we designed a study to investigate whether NETs contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal I/R injury and evaluated the therapeutic value of DNase-1 in a rat model of intestinal I/R injury. In this rat model of intestinal I/R injury, we found that extracellular DNA was readily detectable in rat serum after 1 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion. Treatment with DNase-1 significantly reduced the inflammatory response, restored intestinal barrier integrity and increased the expression of tight junction proteins. Our results indicate the existence of NETs in I/R-challenged intestinal tissues and firstly provide more evidence that DNase-1 may be an effective treatment for attenuating intestinal I/R injury.
Large-scale wearable data reveal digital phenotypes for daily-life stress detection
Authors: Smets Elena , Rios Velazquez Emmanuel , Schiavone Giuseppina , Chakroun Imen , D’Hondt Ellie , De Raedt Walter , Cornelis Jan , Janssens Olivier , Van Hoecke Sofie , Claes Stephan , Van Diest Ilse , Van Hoof Chris
Published: December 2018

Physiological signals have shown to be reliable indicators of stress in laboratory studies, yet large-scale ambulatory validation is lacking. We present a large-scale cross-sectional study for ambulatory stress detection, consisting of 1002 subjects, containing subjects’ demographics, baseline psychological information, and five consecutive days of free-living physiological and contextual measurements, collected through wearable devices and smartphones. This dataset represents a healthy population, showing associations between wearable physiological signals and self-reported daily-life stress. Using a data-driven approach, we identified digital phenotypes characterized by self-reported poor health indicators and high depression, anxiety and stress scores that are associated with blunted physiological responses to stress. These results emphasize the need for large-scale collections of multi-sensor data, to build personalized stress models for precision medicine.
Air-stable phosphorus-doped molybdenum nitride for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yan Junqing , Kong Lingqiao , Ji Yujin , Li Youyong , White Jai , Liu Shengzhong , Han Xiaopeng , Lee Shuit-Tong , Ma Tianyi
Published: December 2018

Molybdenum-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution have been investigated extensively in recent years. However, unlike other non-oxides, molybdenum nitride generally shows a weak preference for hydrogen evolution and low performance owing to surface oxidation and the strong Mo–H bond. Here, we prepare an air-stable molybdenum nitride through a multi-step solid-state reaction. We find that a uniformly dispersed mixture of the precursors is optimal for preparation of the electrocatalyst. To further enhance hydrogen evolution performance towards practical device applications, phosphorus doping is carried out, using a few layered black phosphorus source. The phosphorus-doped molybdenum nitride (P–Mo–N) sample catalyzes hydrogen evolution with potentials of 105, 145, and 157 mV at the current densities of 10, 50, and 100 mA/cm2, respectively, in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution with a small Tafel slope of 43 mV/dec. Thus it outperforms many of the state-of-art molybdenum-based hydrogen evolution catalysts reported to date.
Fluorogenic probes for disease-relevant enzymes
Authors: Zhang Junji , Chai Xianzhi , He Xiao-Peng , Kim Hae-Jo , Yoon Juyoung , Tian He
Published: December 2018

We summarize recent progress in the development of fluorogenic enzyme probes for a variety of diseases.
One-step scalable fluorescent microgel bioassay for the ultrasensitive detection of endogenous viral miR-US4-5p
Authors: Caputo Tania Mariastella , Cummaro Annunziata , Lettera Vincenzo , Mazzarotta Alessia , Battista Edmondo , Netti Paolo Antonio , Causa Filippo
Published: December 2018

A tuneable sensitive microgel assay based on fluorescence recovery for hcmv-miR-US4-5p detection.
Strong metal–support interactions of Co-based catalysts facilitated by dopamine for highly efficient ammonia synthesis: in situ XPS and XAFS spectroscopy coupled with TPD studies
Authors: Wang Xiuyun , Li Lingling , Zhang Tianhua , Lin Bingyu , Ni Jun , Au Chak-Tong , Jiang Lilong
Published: December 2018

We report a new strategy for strengthening metal–support interaction and stabilizing Co nanoparticles at high temperature.
Ti2Nb10O29 microspheres coated with ultrathin N-doped carbon layers by atomic layer deposition for enhanced lithium storage
Authors: Wan Gengping , Yang Liang , Shi Shaohua , Tang Yulin , Xu Xuefei , Wang Guizhen
Published: December 2018

Ti2Nb10O29 microspheres coated with ultrathin N-doped carbon layers show remarkable high-rate capacity and stable cycle lives as LIB anode materials.
Viscoelastic change of block copolymer ion gels in a photo-switchable azobenzene ionic liquid triggered by light
Authors: Wang Caihong , Hashimoto Kei , Tamate Ryota , Kokubo Hisashi , Morishima Ken , Li Xiang , Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Lu Fengniu , Nakanishi Takashi , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: December 2018

A photo-switchable ionic liquid solvent bearing an azobenzene moiety induced a viscoelastic change of block copolymer ion gels by light.
DNA-templated silver and silver-based bimetallic clusters with remarkable and sequence-related catalytic activity toward 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Zhou Weijun , Fang Youxing , Ren Jiangtao , Dong Shaojun
Published: December 2018

Illustrative pathways for the preparation of bimetallic nanoclusters using DNA-AgNC, and a schematic representation of the reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP in the presence of DNA-AgNC or bimetallic nanoclusters.
Palladium-catalyzed trisallylation of benzoxazoles and 2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles with alkyne
Authors: Zheng Jun , Hosseini-Eshbala Fereshteh , Dong Ya-Xi , Breit Bernhard
Published: December 2018

In this report, a palladium catalyzed direct trisallylation of azoles with alkyne via a novel subsequent mono C(sp2)–H allylation/olefin isomerization/y-selective double C(sp3)–H allylation process was developed. A wide range of substituted trisallylated azoles bearing all quaternary carbon centers has been synthesized efficiently and with high atom economy.
A label-free aptamer-based nanogap capacitive biosensor with greatly diminished electrode polarization effects
Authors: Saribal Zahra , Kemp Cordula , Verrelli Emanuele , Iles Alex , Pamme Nicole , Adawi Ali M. , Kemp Neil T.
Published: December 2018

A significant impediment to the use of impedance spectroscopy in bio-sensing is the electrode polarization effect that arises from the movement of free ions to the electrode–solution interface, forming an electrical double layer (EDL).
What factors tune the chemical equilibrium between metal-iodosylarene oxidants and high-valent metal-oxo ones?
Authors: Yang Lili , Wang Fang , Gao Jiali , Wang Yong
Published: December 2018

Metal-iodosylarene complexes (1) and high-valent metal-oxo complexes (2) are two key reactive intermediates in oxygenation reactions.
Molecular structure and ultrafast dynamics of sodium thiocyanate ion pairs formed in glymes of different lengths
Authors: Galle Kankanamge Susith R. , Kuroda Daniel G.
Published: December 2018

The structure of different sodium–glyme–thiocyanate complexes has been studied by linear and time resolved vibrational spectroscopies.
Access and unprecedented reaction pathways of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid iron(0) complexes
Authors: Schmer Alexander , Volk Niklas , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: December 2018

Complexes [Fe(CO)4(RPCl2)] (2) (a: R = CPh3, b: R = tBu) were used to generate the first examples of phosphinidenoid iron(0) complexes [Li(12-crown-4)(solv)n][Fe(CO)4(RPCl] (3a,b), characterized by NMR spectroscopy.
3D pomegranate-like TiN@graphene composites with electrochemical reaction chambers as sulfur hosts for ultralong-life lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Luo Rongjie , Yu Qiuhong , Lu Yang , Zhang Mengjie , Peng Tao , Yan Hailong , Liu Xianming , Kim Jang-Kyo , Luo Yongsong
Published: December 2018

3D pomegranate-like TiN@graphene composites as novel sulfur host materials can effectively improve the electrochemical properties of Li–S systems.
UV-Induced reduction of graphene oxide in cellulose nanofibril composites
Authors: Pottathara Y. B. , Thomas S. , Kalarikkal N. , Griesser T. , Grohens Y. , Bobnar V. , Finšgar M. , Kokol V. , Kargl R.
Published: December 2018

We report on an effective dry method to reduce graphene oxide (GO) in films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) by UV irradiation in the presence of nitrogen gas.
Insights into the apatite mineralization potential of thermally processed nanocrystalline Ca10−xFex(PO4)6(OH)2
Authors: Radha G. , Venkatesan Balaji , Rajashree P. , Vellaichamy Elangovan , Balakumar S.
Published: December 2018

The thermal treatment of Ca10−xFex(PO4)6(OH)2 at different temperatures had an effect on the mineralization potential under non-cellular and cellular conditions by releasing its bioactive ions at optimal or excessive levels.
A simple strategy for the detection of Cu(ii), Cd(ii) and Pb(ii) in water by a voltammetric sensor on a TC4A modified electrode
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Ke , Wei Yumin
Published: December 2018

The development of an uncomplicated, fast and low-price method for heavy metal ion detection is essential for environmental detection and pollution control.
Zinc-based CPs for effective detection of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− ions
Authors: Zhu Rong-Rong , Wang Tao , Wang Da-Wei , Yan Tong , Wang Quan , Li Hang-Xing , Xue Zhe , Zhou Jie , Du Lin , Zhao Qi-Hua
Published: December 2018

Four new zinc-based CPs for the sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− ions.
Unexpected formation and conversion: role of substituents of 1,3-ynones in the reactivity and product distribution during their reactions with Ru3(CO)12
Authors: Xu Lei , Jiang Liping , Li Shasha , Zhang Guofang , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei
Published: December 2018

Electronic and steric effects of the substituents in 1,3-ynones play key roles in the product distribution and molecular structures.
An easy to make chemoreceptor for the selective ratiometric fluorescent detection of cyanide in aqueous solution and in food materials
Authors: Kumar P. Saravana , Lakshmi P. Raja , Elango Kuppanagounder P.
Published: December 2018

A ratiometric fluorescent receptor selectively detects cyanide in aqueous solution and food materials via deprotonation of a phenolic hydroxyl group.
PEDOT-PSS coated VS2 nanosheet anodes for high rate and ultrastable lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ding Zhaoguang , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yanhua , Liu Gaozhan , Xin Xing , He Hao , Cai Bin , Wu Jinghua , Yao Xiayin
Published: December 2018

A high rate and ultrastable anode material is successfully synthesized by encapsulating VS2 nanosheets into a PEDOT-PSS shell.
Functional characterization of the halogenase SpmH and discovery of new deschloro-tryptophan dimers
Authors: Liu Zhiwen , Ma Liang , Zhang Liping , Zhang Wenjun , Zhu Yiguang , Chen Yuchan , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Changsheng
Published: December 2018

Inactivation of the halogenase gene spmH led to discovery of four new deschloro-tryptophan dimers. SpmH was further biochemically characterized in vitro as an l-tryptophan 5-halogenase.
Cross 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with an N-benzyl azomethine ylide: facile access to fused tricyclic 1,2,4-hexahydrotriazines
Authors: Wang Kai-Kai , Li Yan-Li , Wang Zhan-Yong , Hu Meng-Wei , Qiu Ting-Ting , Zhu Bao-Ku
Published: December 2018

A cross 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of two different ylides between C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with an in situ generated non-stabilized azomethine ylide from an N-benzyl precursor is reported.
Correction: A synthetic study toward the core structure of (−)-apicularen A
Authors: Pradhan Tapas R. , Mohapatra Debendra K.
Published: December 2018

Correction for ‘A synthetic study toward the core structure of (−)-apicularen A’ by Tapas R. Pradhan et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2018, 16, 8810–8818.
Fabrication of self-healing hydrogels with surface functionalized microcapsules from stellate mesoporous silica
Authors: Chen Mifa , Fan Dechao , Liu Shumin , Rao Zhilu , Dong Yanling , Wang Wenxiang , Chen Hou , Bai Liangjiu , Cheng Zhenping
Published: December 2018

This report describes a dual-healing method for self-healing hydrogels, in which stellate mesoporous silica (STMS) was used to prepare surface-functionalized microcapsules.
Surface reconstruction of cobalt phosphide nanosheets by electrochemical activation for enhanced hydrogen evolution in alkaline solution
Authors: Su Liang , Cui Xiangzhi , He Ting , Zeng Liming , Tian Han , Song Yiling , Qi Kai , Xia Bao Yu
Published: December 2018

The surface reconstruction of cobalt phosphide nanosheets is investigated by an in situ electrochemical strategy for enhanced hydrogen evolution.
Two-dimensional materials as catalysts for solar fuels: hydrogen evolution reaction and CO2 reduction
Authors: Hasani Amirhossein , Tekalgne Mahider , Le Quyet Van , Jang Ho Won , Kim Soo Young
Published: December 2018

The issues of global warming and fossil fuel shortage have increased the demand for clean and renewable energy.
Synergistic design of a N, O co-doped honeycomb carbon electrode and an ionogel electrolyte enabling all-solid-state supercapacitors with an ultrahigh energy density
Authors: Song Ziyang , Li Liangchun , Zhu Dazhang , Miao Ling , Duan Hui , Wang Zhiwei , Xiong Wei , Lv Yaokang , Liu Mingxian , Gan Lihua
Published: December 2018

Synergistic design of a N, O co-doped honeycomb porous carbon electrode and an ionogel electrolyte is reported to boost the energy output of all-solid-state supercapacitors.
Growth of carbon nanotubes on graphene as 3D biocathode for NAD+/NADH balance model and high-rate production in microbial electrochemical synthesis from CO2
Authors: Han Shuo , Liu Hong , Zhou Charles , Ying Han-jie
Published: December 2018

Design and synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) structured carbon nanomaterials for achieving high-performance electrode for microbial electrochemical synthesis (MES).
Zn nanosheets coated with a ZnS subnanometer layer for effective and durable CO2reduction
Authors: Li Chenglong , Shen Gurong , Zhang Rui , Wu Deyao , Zou Chengqin , Ling Tao , Liu Hui , Dong Cunku , Du Xi-Wen
Published: December 2018

Electrochemical reduction of CO2into value-added chemicals provides a facile solution to energy and environmental crisis.
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases 3 and 4 direct glycerolipid synthesis and affect functionality in activated macrophages
Authors: Quiroga Ivana Y. , Pellon-Maison Magali , Suchanek Amanda L. , Coleman Rosalind A. , Gonzalez-Baro Maria R.
Published: December 2018

Macrophage classical M1 activation via TLR4 triggers a variety of responses to achieve the elimination of foreign pathogens. During this process, there is also an increase in lipid droplets which contain large quantities of triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL). The functional consequences of this increment in lipid mass are poorly understood. Here, we studied the contribution of glycerolipid synthesis to lipid accumulation, focusing specifically on the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with Kdo2-lipid A, we showed that glycerolipid synthesis is induced during macrophage activation. GPAT4 protein level and GPAT3/GPAT4 enzymatic activity increase during this process, and these two isoforms were required for the accumulation of cell TAG and PL. The phagocytic capacity of Gpat3−/− and Gpat4−/− BMDM was impaired. Additionally, inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation reduced phagocytosis only partially, suggesting that lipid accumulation is not necessary for the energy requirements for phagocytosis. Finally, Gpat4−/− BMDM expressed and released more pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines after macrophage activation, suggesting a role for GPAT4 in suppressing inflammatory responses. Together, these results provide evidence that glycerolipid synthesis directed by GPAT4 is important for the attenuation of the inflammatory response in activated macrophages.
Hemin induces autophagy in a leukemic erythroblast cell line through the LRP1 receptor
Authors: Grosso Ruben Adrian , Caldarone Paula Virginia Subirada , Sánchez María Cecilia , Chiabrando Gustavo Alberto , Colombo María Isabel , Fader Claudio Marcelo
Published: December 2018

Hemin is an erythropoietic inductor capable of inducing autophagy in erythroid-like cell lines. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a transmembrane receptor involved in a wide range of cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Our aim was to evaluate whether LRP1 is responsible for hemin activity in K562 cells, with the results demonstrating a three-fold increase in LRP1 gene expression levels (P-values <0.001) when assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Moreover, a 70% higher protein amount was observed compared with control condition (P-values <0.01) by Western blot (WB). Time kinetic assays demonstrated a peak in light chain 3 (LC3) II (LC3II) levels after 8 h of hemin stimulation and the localization of LRP1 in the autophagosome structures. Silencing LRP1 by siRNA decreased drastically the hemin-induced autophagy activity by almost 80% compared with control cells (P-values <0.01). Confocal localization and biochemical analysis indicated a significant redistribution of LRP1 from early endosomes and recycling compartments to late endosomes and autophagolysosomes, where the receptor is degraded. We conclude that LRP1 is responsible for hemin-induced autophagy activity in the erythroblastic cell line and that hemin–LRP1 complex activation promotes a self-regulation of the receptor. Our results suggest that hemin, via the LRP1 receptor, favors erythroid maturation by inducing an autophagic response, making it a possible therapeutic candidate to help in the treatment of hematological disorders.
Identifiers of Language Impairment for Spanish–English Dual Language Learners
Authors: Lazewnik Rochel , Creaghead Nancy A. , Smith Allison Breit , Prendeville Jo-Anne , Raisor-Becker Lesley , Silbert Noah
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine if a standardized assessment developed for Spanish–English dual language learners (SEDLLs) differentiates SEDLLs with language impairment (LI) from children with typical language better than the translated/adapted Spanish and/or English version of a standardized assessment and to determine if adding informal measure/s to the standardized assessment increases the classification accuracy.

Method

Standardized and informal language assessment measures were administered to 30 Mexican American 4- to 5-year-old SEDLLs to determine the predictive value of each measure and the group of measures that best identified children with LI and typical language. Discriminant analyses were performed on the data set.

Results

The Morphosyntax and Semantics subtests of the Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment (
Peña, Gutierrez-Clellen, Iglesias, Golstein, & Bedore, 2014
) resulted in the largest effect size of the individual assessments with a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 86.7%. Combining these subtests with mean length of utterance in words from the child's better language sample (English or Spanish) was most accurate in identifying LI and can be used with above 90% confidence.

Conclusion

The Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment Morphosyntax and Semantics subtests were shown to comprise an effective measure for identifying LI; however, including a language sample is suggested to identify LI with greater accuracy.
Leakage fault diagnosis method of aircraft landing gear hydraulic cylinder based on wavelet packet
Authors: Tang Jie , Liu Qiang , Hu Jianwei , Huo Jinjian , Wang Liwen
Published: December 2018

The main executive element of the retractable landing gear is the hydraulic cylinder, and its common fault is caused by the leakage of the hydraulic cylinder. In this study, the mathematical model of the energy entropy of the wavelet packet is constructed according to the fault characteristic information, and the hydraulic system is modelled by the Amesim software. Through the simulation calculation of the leakage and leakage of the hydraulic cylinder, the fault characteristic parameters such as displacement and pressure are extracted. Wavelet packet transform is used to obtain the energy entropy of the wavelet packet, and a mapping relationship between the leakage of the hydraulic cylinder and the energy entropy is established. The research shows that the leakage fault diagnosis method based on wavelet packet can effectively predict the failure of the hydraulic cylinder of the landing gear, and it is effective and practical for guiding the fault prediction and intelligent maintenance of the hydraulic system of the aircraft.
The progenitors of type-Ia supernovae in semidetached binaries with red giant donors
Authors: Liu D. , Wang B. , Ge H. , Chen X. , Han Z.
Published: December 2018

Context. The companions of the exploding carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs) that produce type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have still not been conclusively identified. A red-giant (RG) star can fill this role as the mass donor of the exploding WD − this channel for producing SNe Ia has been named the symbiotic channel. However, previous studies on this channel have given a relatively low rate of SNe Ia.

Aims. We aim to systematically investigate the parameter space, Galactic rates, and delay time distributions of SNe Ia arising from the symbiotic channel under a revised mass-transfer prescription.

Methods. We adopted an integrated mass-transfer prescription to calculate the mass-transfer process from a RG star onto the WD. In this prescription, the mass-transfer rate varies with the local material states. First, we obtain the parameter space that leads to SNe Ia by evolving a large number of semidetached WD+RG systems with the Eggleton stellar-evolution code. Second, we investigate the Galactic rates and delay-time distributions of SNe Ia using a binary population synthesis method.

Results. The parameter space of WD+RG systems that can produce SNe Ia is enlarged significantly judging by our calculations. This channel could produce SNe Ia with intermediate and old ages, contributing up to 5% of all SNe Ia in the Galaxy. Our model increases the SN Ia rate from this channel by a factor of five. We suggest that the symbiotic systems RS Oph and T CrB are strong candidates for the progenitors of SNe Ia.
To be or not to be: the case of the hot WHIM absorption in the blazar PKS 2155–304 sight line
Authors: Nevalainen J. , Tempel E. , Ahoranta J. , Liivamägi L. J. , Bonamente M. , Tilton E. , Kaastra J. , Fang T. , Heinämäki P. , Saar E. , Finoguenov A.
Published: December 2018

The cosmological missing baryons at z <  1 most likely hide in the hot (T ≳ 105.5 K) phase of the warm hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). While the hot WHIM is hard to detect due to its high ionisation level, the warm (T ≲ 105.5 K) phase of the WHIM has been very robustly detected in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) band. We adopted the assumption that the hot and warm WHIM phases are co-located and therefore used the FUV-detected warm WHIM as a tracer for the cosmologically interesting hot WHIM. We performed an X-ray follow-up in the sight line of the blazar PKS 2155–304 at the redshifts where previous FUV measurements of O VI, Si IV, and broad Lyman-alpha (BLA) absorption have indicated the existence of the warm WHIM. We looked for the O VII Heα and O VIII Lyα absorption lines, the most likely hot WHIM tracers. Despite the very large exposure time (≈1 Ms), the Reflection Grating Spectrometer unit 1 (RGS1) on-board XMM-Newton data yielded no significant detection which corresponds to upper limits of log N(O VII(cm−2)) ≤ 14.5−15.2 and log N(O VIII(cm−2)) ≤ 14.5−15.2. An analysis of the data obtained with the combination of the Low Energy Transmission Grating (LETG) and the High Resolution Camera (HRC) on-board Chandra yielded consistent results. However, the data obtained with the LETG, combined with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) lead to the detection of an feature resembling an absorption line at λ ≈ 20 Å at simple one-parameter confidence level of 3.7σ, consistent with several earlier LETG/ACIS reports. Given the high statistical quality of the RGS1 data, the possibility of RGS1 accidentally missing the true line at λ ∼ 20 Å is very low: 0.006%. Neglecting this, the LETG/ACIS detection can be interpreted as Lyα transition of O VIII at one of the redshifts (z ≈ 0.054) of FUV-detected warm WHIM. Given the very convincing X-ray spectral evidence for and against the existence of the λ ∼ 20 Å feature, we cannot conclude whether or not it is a true astrophysical absorption line. Considering cosmological simulations, the probability of the LETG/ACIS λ ∼ 20 Å feature being due to the astrophysical O VIII absorber co-located with the FUV-detected O VI absorber is at the very low level of ≲0.1%. We cannot completely rule out the very unlikely possibility that the LETG/ACIS 20 Å feature is due to a transient event located close to the blazar.
Evolution of star–planet systems under magnetic braking and tidal interaction
Authors: Benbakoura M. , Réville V. , Brun A. S. , Le Poncin-Lafitte C. , Mathis S.
Published: December 2018

Context.With the discovery over the last two decades of a large diversity of exoplanetary systems, it is now of prime importance to characterize star–planet interactions and how such systems evolve.

Aims.We address this question by studying systems formed by a solar-like star and a close-in planet. We focus on the stellar wind spinning down the star along its main-sequence phase and tidal interaction causing orbital evolution of the systems. Despite recent significant advances in these fields, all current models use parametric descriptions to study at least one of these effects. Our objective is to introduce ab initio prescriptions of the tidal and braking torques simultaneously, so as to improve our understanding of the underlying physics.

Methods.We develop a one-dimensional (1D) numerical model of coplanar circular star–planet systems taking into account stellar structural changes, wind braking, and tidal interaction and implement it in a code called ESPEM. We follow the secular evolution of the stellar rotation and of the semi-major axis of the orbit, assuming a bilayer internal structure for the former. After comparing our predictions to recent observations and models, we perform tests to emphasize the contribution of ab initio prescriptions. Finally, we isolate four significant characteristics of star–planet systems: stellar mass, initial stellar rotation period, planetary mass and initial semi-major axis; and browse the parameter space to investigate the influence of each of them on the fate of the system.

Results.Our secular model of stellar wind braking accurately reproduces the recent observations of stellar rotation in open clusters. Our results show that a planet can affect the rotation of its host star and that the resulting spin-up or spin-down depends on the orbital semi-major axis and on the joint influence of magnetic and tidal effects. The ab initio prescription for tidal dissipation that we used predicts fast outward migration of massive planets orbiting fast-rotating young stars. Finally, we provide the reader with a criterion based on the characteristics of the system that allows us to assess whether or not the planet will undergo orbital decay due to tidal interaction.
NGC 300 ULX1: A test case for accretion torque theory
Authors: Vasilopoulos G. , Haberl F. , Carpano S. , Maitra C.
Published: December 2018

NGC 300 ULX1 is a newly identified ultra-luminous X-ray pulsar. The system is associated with the supernova impostor SN 2010da that was later classified as a possible supergiant Be X-ray binary. In this work we report on the spin period evolution of the neutron star based on all the currently available X-ray observations of the system. We argue that the X-ray luminosity of the system has remained almost constant since 2010, at a level above ten times the Eddington limit. Moreover, we find evidence that the spin period of the neutron star evolved from ∼126 s down to ∼18 s within a period of about 4 years. We explain this unprecedented spin evolution in terms of the standard accretion torque theory. An intriguing consequence for NGC 300 ULX1 is that a neutron star spin reversal should have occurred a few years after the SN 2010da event.
The MUSE-Wide Survey: A determination of the Lymanαemitter luminosity function at 3 <z< 6
Authors: Herenz Edmund Christian , Wisotzki Lutz , Saust Rikke , Kerutt Josephine , Urrutia Tanya , Diener Catrina , Schmidt Kasper Borello , Marino Raffaella Anna , de la Vieuville Geoffroy , Boogaard Leindert , Schaye Joop , Guiderdoni Bruno , Richard Johan , Bacon Roland
Published: December 2018

We investigate the Lymanαemitter (LAE) luminosity function (LF) within the redshift range 2.9 ≤ z ≤ 6 from the first instalment of the blind integral field spectroscopic MUSE-Wide survey. This initial part of the survey probes a region of 22.2 arcmin2in the CANDELS/GOODS-S field (24 MUSE pointings with 1h integrations). The dataset provided us with 237 LAEs from which we construct the LAE LF in the luminosity range 42.2 ≤ logLLyα[erg s−1] ≤ 43.5 within a volume of 2.3 × 105Mpc3. For the LF construction we utilise three different non-parametric estimators: the classical 1/Vmaxmethod, theC−method, and an improved binned estimator for the differential LF. All three methods deliver consistent results, with the cumulative LAE LF being Φ(logLLyα[erg s−1] = 43.5) ≃ 3 × 10−6Mpc−3and Φ(logLLyα[erg s−1] = 42.2) ≃ 2 × 10−3Mpc−3towards the bright and faint end of our survey, respectively. By employing a non-parametric statistical test, and by comparing the full sample to subsamples in redshift bins, we find no supporting evidence for an evolving LAE LF over the probed redshift and luminosity range. Using a parametric maximum-likelihood technique we determine the best-fitting Schechter function parametersα= 1.84+04.2−0.41andL∗[erg s−0.1] = 42.2−0.16+0.22with the corresponding normalisation logϕ*[Mpc−3]= − 2.71. However, the dynamic range in Lyαluminosities probed by MUSE-Wide leads to a strong degeneracy betweenαandL*. Moreover, we find that a power-law parameterisation of the LF appears to be less consistent with the data compared to the Schechter function, even so when not excluding the X-Ray identified AGN from the sample. When correcting for completeness in the LAE LF determinations, we take into account that LAEs exhibit diffuse extended low surface brightness halos. We compare the resulting LF to one obtained by applying a correction assuming compact point-like emission. We find that the standard correction underestimates the LAE LF at the faint end of our survey by a factor of 2.5. Contrasting our results to the literature we find that at 42.2 ≤ logLLyα[erg s−1] ≲ 42.5 previous LAE LF determinations from narrow-band surveys appear to be affected by a similar bias.
Unterwegs in den Familien
Authors: Absalon Susanne , Kocks Andreas
Published: December 2018

Nina Braun ist gelernte Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflegerin seit 1995 mit
einer Weiterbildung zur Familien-Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflege, Sonja
Hotz ist Hebamme seit 1988 mit der Fachqualifikation Familienhebamme. Beide sind
in Bonn im lokalen Netzwerk der Frühen Hilfen in den Familien unterwegs. Im
folgenden Interview berichten sie von ihrer Arbeit.
Das UroLift® System in der Behandlung des benignen Prostata-Syndroms (BPS)
Authors: Westhofen Thilo , Magistro Giuseppe , Stief Christian , Gratzke Christian
Published: December 2018

Minimalinvasive Therapieverfahren des benignen Prostatasyndroms (BPS) gewinnen bei ähnlich effektiver Therapiewirkung wie bewährte OP-Verfahren jedoch günstigerem Sicherheitsprofil zunehmend an Bedeutung. Unter den minimalinvasiven Verfahren hat sich in der klinischen Evaluation das UroLift-Verfahren in der langfristigen Beurteilung hinsichtlich postoperativer Ergebnisse sowie Komplikationsraten bewährt. Deutlich überlegen zeigt sich UroLift für den kompletten Erhalt der sexuellen Funktion, inklusive einer antegraden Ejakulation.
Enantioselective Stereodivergent Synthesis of Jaspine B and 4-epi-Jaspine B from Axially Chiral Allenols
Authors: Ballereau Stéphanie , Alnazer Heba , Castellan Tessa , Salma Yahya , Génisson Yves
Published: December 2018

A short enantioselective synthetic route to the cytotoxic marine natural product jaspine B has been developed. A chiral non-racemic primary α-allenol, obtained from pentadecanal, gave access to an enantioenriched 2-tetradecyl-2,5-dihydrofuran as key intermediate. A stereodivergent functionalization of this dihydrofuran allowed access in a few steps to jaspine B and its 4-epimer.
Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Otis James , Macone Amanda
Published: December 2018

Neuropathic pain management is challenging, and typically requires a multifaceted approach. There are several treatment options, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic. Of the available pharmacologic agents, those with the strongest supporting evidence include tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and certain antiseizure agents. There is emerging evidence for the use of cannabinoids, but conclusive studies are not available. Nonpharmacologic therapies that have been utilized in the management of neuropathic pain include acupuncture, massage therapy, and reflexology. Despite their use as adjunctive therapies in clinical practice, the current evidence supporting their use is not strong. For the management of neuropathic pain, combination therapies are generally employed. Additional studies for emerging therapies are still needed.
Headache in Pregnancy, the Puerperium, and menopause
Authors: Sader Elie , Rayhill Melissa
Published: December 2018

Headache is a neurologic disorder that displays gender dichotomy. It is well established that there is a strong link between migraine headache and sex hormones, specifically estrogen, which influences the severity of migraines during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Furthermore, the epidemiology of headaches during pregnancy and the postpartum period is very distinct from that in males or nonpregnant females, in part due to the hemodynamic and hematologic changes that occur during pregnancy. These changes put women at higher risk for cerebral venous thrombosis, hemorrhagic stroke, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy like preeclampsia, eclampsia, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Headache in pregnancy and the puerperium can be a cause of heightened anxiety in most women, who are concerned not only about the effect of the headache itself on the pregnancy but also about the effect of the treatment options on the pregnancy and the fetus. In this review, we discuss the latest literature on type and distribution of headaches during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and provide a digestible overview of the safety profile of commonly used abortive and prophylactic medications. We also discuss important considerations when treating migraine during menopause.
Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Imaging, Patient Selection, and Management in the Endovascular Era. Part I: Initial Management and Imaging
Authors: Kumar G G Sharath , Nagesh Chinmay
Published: December 2018

Till recently, the mainstay of management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been intravenous thrombolysis. However, response to treatment and outcomes in the presence of a large vessel occlusion (LVO) were largely suboptimal. Endovascular thrombectomy techniques with stentrievers and aspiration catheters have revolutionized stroke treatment significantly, improving outcomes in this once untreatable disease. The interventional radiologist must play an active role in the stroke team in streamlining imaging as well as endovascular management. The focus of this review article is on initial management and imaging. Initial measures consist of patient resuscitation, basic investigations and assessment of stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), all of which have therapeutic and prognostic implications to be considered by the neurointerventionist. Imaging must aim to be swift and efficient. Choice of a modality must be based on available infrastructure as well as clinical-radiologic factors such as the time since ictus or posterior circulation involvement. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred modality for its speed, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the gold standard problem solving technique for detection of stroke. Exclusion of hemorrhagic stroke and other stroke mimics is the first objective. Thereafter, imaging is targeted toward assessing the parenchyma and vasculature. Defining the core and penumbra is the most important goal of parenchymal imaging. The core may be defined by the presence of early ischemic changes on CT, CT angiographic source images, or diffusion restriction on MRI. The penumbra is approximated by collateral status or perfusion methods. The prime directive of vascular imaging, either CT or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is to establish the presence of an LVO. Once confirmed, the decision for thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy is based on clinical and imaging criteria, the most ideal being that of a moderately severe stroke with a small core and LVO on imaging.
Strain tunable phononic topological bandgaps in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Jiang Jin-Wu , Park Harold S.
Published: December 2018

The field of topological mechanics has recently emerged due to the interest in robustly transporting various types of energy in a flaw and defect-insensitive fashion. While there have been a significant number of studies based on discovering and proposing topological materials and structures, very few have focused on tuning the resulting topological bandgaps, which is critical because the bandgap frequency is fixed once the structure has been fabricated. Here, we perform both lattice dynamical calculations and molecular dynamical simulations to investigate strain effects on the phononic topological bandgaps in two-dimensional monolayer hexagonal boron nitride. Our studies demonstrate that while the topologically protected phononic bandgaps are not closed even for severely deformed hexagonal boron nitride and are relatively insensitive to uniaxial tension and shear strains, the position of the frequency gap can be efficiently tuned in a wide range through the application of biaxial strains. Overall, this work thus demonstrates that topological phonons are robust against the effects of mechanical strain engineering and shed light on the tunability of the topological bandgaps in nanomaterials.
Control of ferromagnetism and magnetic anisotropy via tunable electron correlation and spin-orbital coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/Ca(Ir,Ru)O3 superlattices
Authors: Guo Zhuang , Lan Da , Qu Lili , Zhang Kexuan , Jin Feng , Chen Binbin , Jin Shaowei , Gao Guanyin , Chen Feng , Wang Lingfei , Wu Wenbin
Published: December 2018

Electron-electron (e-e) correlation and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) are two essential control parameters that determine the physical properties of transition-metal-oxide-based thin films and heterostructures. Here, by harnessing these two parameters, we report the systematic control of both ferromagnetism and in-plane magnetic anisotropy in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/CaIr1-xRuxO3 (LCMO/CIRO) superlattices grown on NdGaO3 substrates. In these all-oxide epitaxial systems, we demonstrate that the e-e correlation and the SOC depend strongly on the chemical composition of CIRO layers. By simply increasing the Ru doping level x, we can significantly suppress the degradation of ferromagnetism in ultrathin LCMO layers and enhance the TC by ∼90 K. Moreover, we observe a clear reorientation of the magnetic easy axis from orthorhombic [010] to [100] as x decreased to 0, which may originate from the enhanced SOC. Our work provides an insight for utilizing the 4d/5d transition-metal-oxides to tune the functionality of magnetic heterostructures.