bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Cords Twisted Together. The Investment Model, Religiousness and Forgiveness
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Department of Psychology, Apostu Milka Nicoleta , Candel Octav Sorin ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Department of Psychology, Turliuc Maria Nicoleta ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Department of Psychology
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of the present research is to explore the influence of religiousness on couple commitment, drawing from previous studies where religiousness was confirmed as a strong predictor for positive relationship outcomes. We also aim to analyze relationship satisfaction as a mediating variable between religiousness and commitment. Furthermore, the study seeks to investigate forgiveness in dyadic romantic relationships, testing its role as a moderator of the association between relationship satisfaction and commitment. The procedure includes the recruitment of heterosexual students enrolled in post-graduate courses and their partners to take part in the present study. The final sample consists of 116 individuals involved in romantic relationships. All participants filled in a series of validated self-reported measures, providing data which was analyzed using parametric statistical tests. Additionally, we conducted mediation and moderation analyses. Results indicate that relationship satisfaction is positively associated with commitment, whereas religiousness is positively associated with relationship satisfaction, thus having an indirect effect on commitment. Additionally, considering overall forgiveness as well as the negative vs. positive components of the construct, we find that positive forgiveness is associated with commitment, when satisfaction is also considered in the equation. The current results have important therapeutic implications, such as using forgiveness-related therapies for couples and enhancing relationship satisfaction as means to consolidate relationship commitment.
Design of Experimental Research on the Formation of Nonverbal Communication Skills and Impression Management of Police Officers
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Bîtca Lucia
Published: January 2022

Increasing competition in the organizational environment and strengthening human capital can greatly contribute to the ability to close existing gaps in the development process and ensure a more competitive level, and the professional development process includes not only setting career goals and training agreements, but also evaluations and the feedback needed to assess progress. By optimizing nonverbal skills and forming impression management strategies promoted by psychological training in enhancing the knowledge and skills of police employees, they serve as a basis for organizational projects designed to facilitate self-realization of internal potential and stimulate their involvement in the organization. Organizational behavior is the study of the behaviors of individuals, which involves understanding, predicting and controlling human behavior, models and structures, in order to improve the environment, performance and efficiency of the organization. The original of this paper is that the research results led to the identification of components and mechanisms for producing change at the macro-, meso- and microsocial level, which uses a perpetual mobilization of social actors in organizations. Another novelty, for a wider geographical area of ​​scientific research, is the application of an intervention methodology in the training impression management strategies through nonverbal communication, with the purpose and purpose in developing relational skills and optimizing professional activity. The information obtained in research on nonverbal communication and impression management tactics on the organizational environment, can be applied for the development of programs for organizational counseling activities, business coaching and large-scale developmental training, promoted through managerial and corporate profile.
SMEs Sustainability in Times of Crisis
Authors:   ”Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Romania, Bordeianu Otilia-Maria , Grigoras-Ichim Claudia-Elena ,   ”Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Romania, Morosan-Danila Lucia ,   ”Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Romania
Published: January 2022

The global crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic among the population and at the level of companies, state institutions, etc., underlined the importance of analysing its impact at different levels (intern, national and international level). The concepts of sustainability, development and growth must be aware, adapted and implemented more and more frequently, even constantly, in order to cope with the current evolution of the economy (and not only). The paper is an empirical research conducted in the North-East Region of Romania, aiming to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on local companies (especially SME’s), in the context of existing correlation between the COVID-19 impact on resizing, restricting, changing the number of active employees, changing revenue, changing turnover and changing profit, based on the Spearman correlation coefficients. In this sense, it was important to implement sustainability strategies and ensure the activity and resources of companies in the long term, because the effects of an economic crisis (natural resources, human resources, not only financial) are felt in 2021 and will be felt in the future 10 years. The paper concludes with two practical solutions to ensure the sustainability of the companies involved in the study, solutions that can be applied by all companies that have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Optimizing Public Passenger Transport in Bucharest and the Metropolitan Area
Authors:   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Doctoral School of Transport, Romania, Chiriac Constantina , Niţoi Valeriu Stelian ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Doctoral School of Transport, Romania, Gîrtan Marius ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Doctoral School of Transport, Romania
Published: January 2022

The paper aims to be a model of analysis on passenger transport management for Bucharest and the metropolitan area, in order to stimulate the economic development of the city by supporting economic activities of local interest, by increasing the mobility of the transport system, economic activities that benefit local communities and that do not adversely affect people's health or the environment. The analysis presented proposes the use of geospatial information systems for urban traffic management and the construction of traffic simulation models.
Digital Shadow Economy – Literature Review
Authors:   Ștefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania, Coca Dan-Andrei , Nistor Andreea ,   Ștefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania
Published: January 2022

The virtual environment is a phenomenon that has grown exponentially in recent years, changing the way the economy evolves. Through e-commerce, social media platforms, online stores, or websites, financial resources are rolled both legally and illegally. Thus, some transactions are not accounted for or taxed, and also the concept of the digital shadow economy, defined as economic shadow activities conducted in electronic space, with no physical contact is increasingly present today. This paper aims to review and systematically analyze, through bibliometric analysis, using the Web of Science scientific platform and the VOSviewer software, the notion of digital shadow economy, determining the current state of knowledge in the field. Also, a comparative research was performed between digital shadow economy and the traditional shadow economy. The main findings reveal that digital shadow economy has a novelty character that refers to an economy based on digitized services and products, which escapes the official estimates of the GDP and the main research tendencies concern the conceptualization of the term and its main activity channels, aspects that distinguish it from traditional shadow economy. Furthermore, a thematic cluster, containing links to the digital shadow economy term can be noticed to be around cybercrimes.
Initiatives and Responses to Migrant Workers during the Lockdown
Authors:   Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology, Cunha Candy , Xavier Francis ,   Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology
Published: January 2022

This narrative describes an initiative of the National Service Scheme team at Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology. It highlights initiatives to address the situation of migrant workers during the pandemic lockdown in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh in India. In the Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh, migrant laborers were forced to walk home, sometimes hundreds, even thousands of kilometers, to reunite with their families. It was hard to ignore these images, especially those who carried the elderly on their shoulders, and small children slumped over rolling suitcases. Most used any means of transport they found, even bicycles. Some succumbed to accidents and exposure to heat. In the midst of the lockdown, the NSS team quickly came together and planned an outreach/relief camp for migrants in Krishna District. It was chosen since many villagers were migrants and the lockdown had affected in multiple ways. The relief camp took place in the month of April, a time when temperatures soar in southern India. The students and the faculty members joined hands to reach out to the Migrants in the most despairing moments. The students commented that they saw their education from a different perspective, one that integrated curriculum and good citizenship for marginalized persons. One of the ways of infusing relevance into education is to embed it within meaningful service learning. This paper is an attempt to exhibit the Initiative and Responses to the Migrant workers during the Lockdown.
Increasing Self-Confidence in Students from Different Universities through Exercises in Body Technique and Dance Therapy
Authors:   octoral school FEFS, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport “Babeș – Bolyai University”, Grosu Vlad Teodor , Vari Hanna Imola ,   Doctoral school FEFS, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport “Babeș – Bolyai University”, Ordean Mircea Nicolae ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport “Babeș – Bolyai University”, Balint Gheorghe ,   Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Sciences, Vasile Alecsandri University, Rozsnyai Radu Adrian ,   National Academy of Music “Gheorghe Dima”, Grosu Emilia Florina ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport “Babeș – Bolyai University”
Published: January 2022

Objectives of this article refer to ways to increase self-confidence in students from different universities in Transylvania manifested by the values of self-depreciation, infatuation and self-esteem. These are realized through the use of complex exercises on music in the form of dance-therapy and body technique. Purpose: elaboration of an action strategy to modify the self-depreciation, self-esteem, infatuation. Hypothesis: by introducing the exercises of body technique and dance-therapy, the aim is to modify the components of the ASSI psychological test: self-depreciation, infatuation and self-esteem Material and Methods: statistical processing was performed with the program Stats Direct v.2.7.2. The graphical representation of the results was done with the Excel application (from the Microsoft Office 2010 package). The tests used are: ASSI and an intervention program based on exercises in body technique and dance therapy. The subjects participating in the experiment with a duration of 6 months by 200 students at the Technical University Cluj-Napoca, and the extension from Baia-Mare and from the Academy of Music "Gheorghe Dima" from Cluj-Napoca. The period: of development was between October 2019 and March 2020. The results: of this study are due to the intervention program through exercises in body technique and dance therapy performed by the experimental group compared to the control group. In the case of A-SN it is a good correlation but of the opposite direction, which means that if (A) self-depreciation decreases then (SN) self-esteem increases. In the case of I-SN it is an acceptable correlation and of the same meaning, which means that if (I) the infatuation increases and (SN) the self-esteem increases, were observed statistically significantly significant differences between the two times (p <0.001). Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were observed in the indicators of the ASSI tests (self-depreciation, self-esteem, infatuation) which indicates, that our intervention program in the preliminary study had a positive and measurable impact on students in terms of improving self-depreciation and infatuation, as well as increasing self-esteem.
A Bibliometric Mapping of Innovative Entrepreneurship
Authors:   Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania, Lucaci Ancuţa , Sarafescu Mihaela ,   Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania
Published: January 2022

The new global economy requires innovative businesses that can respond to all major challenges around the world. Innovative Entrepreneurship is an active field of research since innovation is nowadays crucial for the development of any business in the world. Policymakers are also focusing their attention on innovation in business because Innovative Entrepreneurship contributes to economic growth and job creation. To create an environment that supports Innovative Entrepreneurship it is appropriate to provide access to knowledge, labour, finance, and specific policies and regulations. Innovative Entrepreneurship has a new role in the economic development of any country that is interested in creating a competitive business environment. This paper aims to identify the most relevant research concerning Innovative Entrepreneurship and realize a bibliometric mapping of the information gathered during the investigation. To perform the bibliometric analysis was used a Scopus database which included articles related to Innovative Entrepreneurship. The processing of data has been carried out using VOSviewer, an effective tool for the visualization of bibliometric networks. The bibliometric mapping included multiple analysis such as co-authorship, citation, and co-occurrence. The results of this research can be a basis for present and future researchers who are operating in the field of entrepreneurship and who intend to investigate more thoroughly the importance of innovation for business development. Another important issue to be investigated is the development of innovative business models that can strengthen the business environment.
E-learning: Introducing Computer Use in Mathematics Lessons in Primary Education
Authors:   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, Luta (Manolescu) Daniela Alice , Ioana Adrian ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, Ene Bianca Cezarina ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, Jugănaru Ionela Daniela ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, Tufeanu Daniela ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the role that the use of the computer has in stimulating the logical thinking of young schoolchildren. Through this, the purpose of the activity of solving operations with natural numbers, is to develop logical thinking, properly combining intuitive elements with abstract ones. Solving arithmetic problems, we can activate young students in the formation of skills and abilities to analyze the given situation, to intuit and discover the way to get what is required in the mathematical problem. This paper aims to prove that, if both traditional methods and computer-based teaching methods are used in the instructive-educational process, then school performance will register a significant increase in terms of quantity and quality. This experimental study started from the premise that solving arithmetic problems with the help of computer, using e-learning platforms is an important activity in the mathematics lesson in primary school through which we stimulate young students’ logical thinking.
The Ethics of Elie Wiesel`s Storytelling as a New Theoretical Approach in Representing the Holocaust
Authors:   Department of Communication, PR and Advertising, Babes-Bolyai University, Marincean Alina
Published: January 2022

Grounded on Giorgio Agamben's assertion that once the historical, technical and legal context of the Jewish genocide has been sufficiently clarified, we are facing a serious challenge when we really seek to understand it and becomes more thought-provoking when we try to represent it. The difference between what we know about the Holocaust and how this delicate issue should be represented is facing major challenges in the context of content abundance onboth Holocaust classical analyses or contemporary digital formats. Contemporary society is facing ethical and emotional limitation regarding Holocaust representation. What is the right way to represent the Holocaust after eight decades since the Holocaust took place is one of the relevant questions that arises in this context? How to live, what to do, and how do the consequences of my actions affect society after the Holocaust experience,are some of the questsof Elie Wiesel’s life.The paper will highlight how his storytelling provides some guidelines for shaping a possible good way of representing the Holocaust and what are its resources. It will also illustrate what are the ethical components of his storytellingthat constitute an example of ethical conduct and give some relevant suggestions on how to instrument them in order to place Holocaust representation on a progressive way of reflection.
The Faces of Human Vulnerability
Authors:   „Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania, Mihail Rarita
Published: January 2022

The notion of vulnerability is one of the beliefs of a recent current of moral and political philosophy, namely care ethics. Stemming, especially, from the North American feminist movement, this care ethics, based on the rejection of a universal and abstract morals, privileges the relational dimension based on the orientation towards human vulnerability.Subject to the weight of the tyranny of normality and perfection, contemporary societies, glorifying the individual who is useful and performant, struggle to hide, or more often than not deny the vulnerability of human beings. The notion of vulnerability appeared not only as a mutual sign of any person who is in a dependent situation, but also as one of the constitutive dimensions of the essence of living beings and of their life environment. In this article, the notion of vulnerability will be studied by identifying the representative themes of human vulnerability particular to their life and its conditions of being. Firstly, the hypothesis proposed by Freud in Le malaise dans la culture (2010)represents the underlying basis of this study on human vulnerability. Next, two important concepts guide the study proposed: the vulnerability inherent to human subjectivity, from the perspective of Lévinas, and the one akin the process of socialising of human beings, from the perspective of Habermas.
The Concern of Energy Companies in Obtaining and Maintaining their Sustainable Value
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Public Administration,“Stefan cel Mare“ University of Suceava, Mihalciuc Camelia Cătălina , Grosu Maria ,   Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, „Alexandru Ioan Cuza“ University of Iasi
Published: January 2022

The last years are distinguished by increasing the awareness of companies towards sustainable business, going beyond their traditional role of providing goods and services at competitive prices to meet customer requirements. Thus, companies will have to consider the effects of their best practices on the environment and society, in order to contribute to the progress of society and the protection of the environment, the essence of sustainable development being the coexistence of economic and social relations and environmental protection by implementing economic, social and environmental objectives. We can see that every company that seeks to become sustainable must consider approaches based on sustainable business practices geared to meeting customer needs. For companies listed on the stock market, the index that stands next to each company is the one that shows the level of sustainability, through corporate sustainability, long-term value is created for shareholders, taking into account all social factors, those related to the environment, as well as economic ones. All these considerations have led to the establishment of the general objective of the paper, through which the authors aim to explain and present the importance of sustainability/sustainable development in energy companies in conjunction with the UN guidelines on business and human rights, which will address with priority to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030.
Human Resources Strategies in Times of Crisis
Authors:   Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania, Morosan-Danila Lucia , Bordeianu Otilia-Maria ,   Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania
Published: January 2022

The year 2020 came with new challenges for individuals,enterprise sand public institutions.The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a change in the way of thinking, management and action at local and global level, in order to overcome obstacles of financial, legislative, procedural ororganizational nature.The economic crisis felt by the business environment only started in 2020, andc ompanies mustunderstand the need to formulate and implement specific strategies related to management,human resources,supply chain,source of financing ,etc.This paper aims to present solutions for efficient management of human resources within companies in order to cope with the problems generated by COVID-19,based on the analysis of the current situation in Romania,presenting an analysis of the human resources management during the crisis. At the end, proposals are made to support the activity of human resources specialists in crisis situations, especially the type generated by COVID-19 context, when the mobility and interaction of human resources is limited.
The Concept of Identity in the Technological Era
Authors:   Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, University of Bucharest, Razec Ines
Published: January 2022

We are currently witnessing a process of redefinition of the social structures that we are part of, through the new technologies, which are gradually entering all sectors of our lives, influencing the way we think, live, and relate to others. Since man is essentially a “political animal”, designed to evolve within a community, what impact will the digitalization era have on his behavior, especially when the physical limits imposed by the body are progressively disappearing? The objective of this study is to explore some of the subtle, but sure transformations of human behavior in the technological era, with a particular emphasis on the process of communication, personal feelings, and identity. In a more connected world than ever, where absolutely everything can be quantified, physical reality is in danger of being replaced by the virtual one. In this dynamic, the body could gradually become the only real impediment on the way to progress. Engaged in this alert race, we risk being dehumanized, in an attempt to be as similar as possible to the machines, which, undisturbed by the feelings, experiences, and behavioral predispositions specific to the human being, operate more accurately and are more effective. History shows that man essentially remains the same, with each age illustrating another facet of him. This is why, a thorough education from an early age is needed both in terms of the consequences of digitization and the means to cope with it, thus preventing us from distorting our essence.
Comparative Study Regarding the Extracurricular Sports Activity among Primary and Middle Schoolers
Authors:   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Tanasă Anca Raluca , Moraru Cristina Elena ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Trofin Petruț Florin ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Puni Rareș Alexandru ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Tomozei Răzvan Andrei ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi
Published: January 2022

The extracurricular sports activity among schooler children plays a significant role in the elimination of their sedentary behaviour. The purpose of this study was to analyse on a sample of 408 students aspects related to the following: the body mass index (BMI), the type of physical activities practiced, the parameters of the physical efforts made, the level of performance attained and the access to sports bases. The subjects within the research were divided into 4 groups: female primary schoolers (FP, n=126, 9.83 ±1.30 years old), male primary schoolers (MP, n=103, 10,04 ± 1.22 years old), female middle schoolers (FM, n=98, 12.40 ± 1.36 years old) and male middle schoolers (MM, n=81, 12.22 ± 1.33 years old). The subjects underwent anthropometric and interrogative analyses, through the survey method. By using the Anova One – Way (p˂0.05), we obtained significant differences of the BMI between FP- MM, MP–MM and FM–MM. The type of preferred sports activities differentiated MP – MM, the last group being centred on cyclical activities. The duration of the session presents significant differences between MP – FM. The weekly frequency and the annual durationof sports activity features a similar level. The volume of annual physical activities is differentiated between BP and FG. The performance level attained is different between MP – FM and MP – MM. Consequently, it may be stated that the preferences of schoolers regarding extracurricular sports activity are practiced with a frequency of 8 months per year, 3 times a week, each session lasting for 90 minutes, while their natureis cyclical at leisure level, too.
Public Support for the EU in Times of Crisis and the Drivers of Euroscepticism
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Tincu Iuliana Lăcrămioara
Published: January 2022

In the context of the economic, political and social crises that unfolded during the recent years, the European Union had to withstand a growing pressure from the part of its dissatisfied citizens. The long-term effects of the economic crisis, the limited ability to manage refugee flows or the difficulty to come up with joint solutions to pressing issues have highlighted the shortcoming of the EU as a political system, while also giving rise to growing criticism from EU citizens and the loss of their trust. The 2016 referendum vote of British citizens that subsequently led to what came to be known as “Brexit” could be perceived both as a crisis and as an outcome of the growing popular dissatisfaction and protest from the part of British citizens. Consequently, the present article aims to explore the connections between recent crises and the evolution of European citizens’ attitudes in relation to the EU and the integration process as a whole. This perspective could ultimately shed some light on the roots and drivers of Euroscepticism in the context of an inability of the EU as a political system to channel the solidarity of Member States towards common solutions and to cope with the existing social, economic, and cultural divisions in Europe.
The Fight against Corruption in Sport: International and National Experience
Authors:   State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, Triboi Vasile , Nastas Natalia ,   State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Published: January 2022

Corruption is a particularly dangerous scourge, which encompasses the whole of society, all spheres of human activity, and by virtue of this, it also encompasses education, whether we want to recognize it or not. Corruption flourishes in times of great social unrest, in times of crisis that societies are going through, especially in the period of transition from a totalitarian regime to a democratic society. The factor generating corruption is the socio-economic crisis, having as causes: weakening of state authority, degradation of living standards, altered moral judgment, lack of effective control levers, diminished public confidence in institutions and social values, non-adaptation of legislation to economic and social conditions and so on Sport is one of the largest businesses in the world, being influenced and influencing in turn both financial and political interests. Every year, millions of dollars and Euros circulate in this area, most of the transactions and agreements taking place behind closed doors, in order to keep any possible advantage over the competition. This fierce competitiveness, together with the lack of transparency, makes the sports field extremely vulnerable to corruption acts. Summarizing the results of our study, we can conclude: the fight against corruption is an opportunity for beneficiary institutions, which can strengthen and improve their systems for preventing and combating corruption and money laundering and asset recovery, by reference to worldwide first-class practices and standards. Following intense consultations with all beneficiaries in the Republic of Moldova: Minister of Education, Culture and Research, National Olympic and Sports Committee, Paralympics’ Committee, Sports Federations and other structures in the country, in order to ensure effective support in the field of physical culture and sports. The direct relations with the interested actors contribute to the creation of a positive framework, which will favour the general success of the future activities that will take place in obtaining the expected results.
Considerations on the Infringement Procedure against Romania
Authors:   ", Verga Crina Mihaela ,   George Bacovia",   University of Bacau, ",   Al. I.Cuza",   University of Iasi
Published: January 2022

This paper is a study of the infringement procedure, as it is regulated at EU level. Thus, we first analyze the existing legal framework on the matter. The implementation of this procedure in various Member States of the European Union and its consequences are then presented. Last but not least, the article refers to a series of aspects regarding the fields in which the procedure was directed against Romania since its integration into the EU. The purpose of the essay is to present in detail Romania's situation regarding the violation of EU’s law.Thus, a comparative presentation throughout time of the number of such proceedings launched against the Romanian state was made.A relevant case in which Romania was tried and convicted was also presented in detail.The large number of cases launched in 2021 highlights the delays registered by Romania on the matter. The measures ordered by the Romanian government through the elaborated the Annual Transposition Plan-2021must be carefully and systematically implemented. Romania could also consider and effectively apply the examples of good practice from the other EU’s member states. The historical and the comparative methods used in this presentation reveal both the similarities between the application of this procedure in the EU Member States under review as well as the differences and its succession in time. The article is important not only for the scientists, but also for the practitioners to dispose all the necessary measures that are required.
The Philosophical Vision of Legal Punishment
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Department of International and European Law, Faculty of Law, Department of International and European Law, Zaharia Virginia
Published: January 2022

The concept of punishment represents one of the most difficult legal issues that are related to the concept of human freedom and responsibility. Since Antiquity, the brilliant minds of humanity contemplated about the sense of punishment and the function of this institution. Each epoch analyses this concept from different aspects and some of them are reflected in the actual legislation. The most important principles of contemporary criminal law were expounded by the Ancient, Modern and Contemporary philosophers. The field of research of this article is the philosophy of punishment of criminal law. In this study, we have applied the method of historical research of the proposed topic, which gives us the opportunity to analyze the development of criminal punishment and its goals from a historical perspective. In this paper, we aimed to determine the philosophical base of the legal punishment that legitimizes the application of sanctions to the person who committed the crime. We established the importance of the theories developed by brilliant thinkers for the contemporary concept of penal retribution and legal regulation of this institution. This theme generates several discussions that are formed in the process of comparison and debating of the ideas of influential philosophers regarding the purpose of criminal punishment. Therefore, we consider that the analysis of the theories of great thinkers gives us the possibility to understand the complexity of the phenomenon of criminal punishment, and leads to the more effective application of state constraint towards the offender.
Teachers' Perception of the Phenomenon of Cyberbullying During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Faculty of Psychology and Educational Studies, University of Bucharest, Zăvoianu Elena Ancuța , Pânișoară Ion-Ovidiu ,   Faculty of Psychology and Educational Studies, University of Bucharest
Published: January 2022

Cyberbullying is a negative social phenomenon that takes place online. It consists of harassing technology users through various means and various platforms. Frequent exposure to this phenomenon can cause emotional, mental and social problems for victims, witnesses and aggressors. In the current pandemic context, when education has shifted to the online environment, and students spend a significant amount of time using different devices and online platforms, the number of cyberbullying cases is constantly increasing. There is currently little research describing how this phenomenon influenced online aggression. In preventing and eliminating this phenomenon, teachers play an important role, due to the time they spend with students and the impact they can have on them. In order to identify teachers' perceptions of this phenomenon during the pandemic and how they manage it in the classroom, we conducted a qualitative research on 10 teachers from primary and secondary schools. The results of the research were interesting and offered a new perspective on this phenomenon during Covid-19 crisis.
Hypersomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness in ischemic stroke
Authors: Ternovykh I. K. , Alekseeva T. M. , Korostovtseva L. S. , Sviryaev Yu. V. , Gavrilov Yu. V.
Published: January 2022

A number of studies have demonstrated a high incidence of sleep disturbances in patients with stroke. The paper reviews the variants of wakefulness disorders observed in ischemic stroke, taking into account the current terminology, as well as methods for their diagnosis. Currently, the origin of post-stroke hypersomnolence and its pathophysiology remain debatable. Various mechanisms including orexin ligand deficiency, degeneration of orexin neurons, as well as disruption of the links between the histaminergic and orexinergic systems are considered as links in the pathogenesis of hypersomnolence caused by ischemic stroke. The paper discusses the pathophysiology of hypersomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with ischemic stroke, demonstrates various points of view on the relationship of these pathological phenomena with ischemic stroke. A hypothesis on the compensatory nature of hypersomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness in acute ischemic stroke and their possible neuroprotective effect on the brain in patients with stroke is presented.
Neurophysiological justification of the G. F. Lang hypothesis about the occurrence of essential hypertension
Authors: Shlyakhto E. V. , Tsyrlin V. A. , Kuzmenko N. V. , Pliss M. G.
Published: January 2022

This article is an analysis of modern data on the morphological, functional and neurochemical organization of the central mechanisms of blood circulation regulation, the violation of which can cause the development of essential hypertension. The data indicating the validity of the hypothesis of G.F. Lang that prolonged emotional stress leads to a violation of the neuronal activity of the hypothalamus structures are presented. The article describes the morphological connections of the hypothalamus with the neurons of the ventrolateral region of the medulla oblongata and the structures of the spinal cord that provide neurogenic vascular tone. The evidence of convergence of axons of neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus on the preganglionic neurons of the spinal cord is presented. Neurochemical processes in the vasomotor center of the medulla oblongata are considered, morphological changes of preganglionic sympathetic neurons in experimental arterial hypertension are indicated.
Incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with periodic limb movements in sleep: one-year follow-up
Authors: Spektor E. D. , Magomedova K. A. , Poluektov M. G.
Published: January 2022

Objective. To assess the influence of periodic limb movements in sleep on the incidence of acute cardiovascular events. Design and methods. Fifty-six participants aged 60–75 years were included in the study. Eligibility criteria included no history of acute cardiovascular events and the presence of 1 or more risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Nocturnal actigraphy and cardiorespiratory monitoring were performed. Patients with apnea/hypopnea index > 5/h were excluded (n = 6). Based on periodic limb movements index (PLMI) two groups were formed: main (PLMI ≥ 15/h, n = 26) and controls (PLMI < 15/h, n = 24). The groups were prospectively observed during 1 year. The endpoints of the study were cases of acute cardiovascular events. Results. Despite the similar prevalence of common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in two groups, the patients with PLMI ≥ 15/h have a higher incidence of ischemic stroke within 1 year (odds ratio 1,07). Conclusions. Elevated PLMI might be regarded as a potential predictor for higher risk for ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, further investigations in the field are needed.
Pleiotropic effect of chronotherapy with a fixed combination of amlodipine, lisinopril and rosuvastatin on the psychological state in elderly hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Agarkov N. M. , Okhotnikov O. I. , Korneeva S. I. , Moskaleva E. O. , Moskalev A. A. , Kolomiets V. I. , Markelova A. M. , Markelova E. A.
Published: January 2022

Background. Hypertension (HTN) in metabolic syndrome (MS) in the elderly contributes to the formation of cognitive disorders and anxiety-depressive disorders. Objective. To study the psychological state of elderly patients with HTN and MS treated by evening versus morning dosing of a fixed combination (FC) of amlodipine, lisinopril and rosuvastatin. Design and methods. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial 63 patients aged 60–74 years with HTN and MS received a FC of amlodipine, liiznopril and rosuvastatin at a dose of 5/10/10 mg in the evening (after 20:00 hours) (study group) And 58 patients aged 60–74 years with HTN and MS took the drug in the morning (control group). Cognitive dysfunction was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), anxiety and depressive disorders were assessed by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory adapted by Yu. Khanin and scale of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D). Results. In evening dosing group, MMSE result increased from 17,8 ± of 0,3 to 23,5 ± 0,4 points (р = 0,13) vs. 16,9 ± of 0,3 to 20,4 ± 0,4 points (р = 0,148) in morning dosing. Situational anxiety score decreased from 40,0 ± 2,2 to 30,6 ± 1,8 points (р = 0,009) vs. from 40,8 ± of 2,5 to 33,5 ± 1,9 points (р = 0,011), and personal anxiety score from 48,8 ± 2,0 to 26,4 ± of 1,9 points (р = 0,003) and from 44,9 ± of 1,9 to 30,7 ± of 1,7 points (р = 0,008) in evening and morning dosing, respectively. Depressive disorders decreased similarly and slightly in both groups (14,1% versus 7,7% in evening and morning dosing, respectibely, p = 0,214). Conclusions. The results indicate that chronotherapy is more effective than the traditional use of a FC of amlodipine, lisinopril and rosuvastatin in HTN associated with MS.
Age and sex differences in sleep disorders as risk factors and markers of hypertension in young people with normal body weight
Authors: Kalinkin A. L. , Sorokin A. S.
Published: January 2022

Objective. To assess age and sex differences in sleep disorders as risk factors and markers of hypertension (HTN) in 18–39-year old people with normal body weight. Design and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study based on the internet survey of 18–39-year-old people with body mass index of 18–25 kg/m2  (n = 2094). The unvalidated questionnaire included 42 questions about various types of sleep disorders and sleep-associated symptoms (0 — never, 1 — rarely, 2 — from time to time, 3 — quite often, 4 — almost all the time). Results. The probability of detecting HTN in young men with normal body weight is higher than in women with similar characteristics (p < 0,001). In women, the probability of detecting HTN decreases, starting with the youngest category (18–24 years old), reaching a minimum in the age group 30–34 years old and then starts to increase. By the age of 40, the indicators for men and women become similar. Based on a multivariate analysis, the risk of HTN in young people with normal body weight is associated with both gender and age (p = 0,022). The contribution of gender to age-related changes in sleep complaints was found for snoring (p < 0,001), sleep apnea (p < 0,001), early awakenings (p = 0,002). The contribution of gender was also noted for various symptoms — daytime sleepiness, some symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS), anxiety, depression, leg cramps (p < 0,001) and nocturnal heartburn (p < 0,001). The contribution of age was noted for snoring (p < 0,001), sleep apnea (p < 0,001), early awakenings (p < 0,001) and for a variety of symptoms — daytime sleepiness, some symptoms of RLS, anxiety, nocturnal cough, and nocturnal choking. Conclusions. Our data can be considered when developing measures for HTN prevention, can be recommended for clinical use, as well as in subsequent clinical studies using validated questionnaires.
Narratives in Illness: A Methodological Note
Authors: Hydén Lars-Christer
Published: January 2022

As a result of the general growth in the interest in narratives different conception of what a story is and how to analyze has emerged. One especially interesting and methodological relevant difference is between the conception of narratives as textual objects and narratives as part of a storytelling event. The paper discusses the theoretical differences between these two analytical approaches to narratives. An example from my own research on Alzheimer’s patients telling stories illustrate the possibilities of using a performative and micro ethnographic approach to the study of storytelling in order to understand the functions of narratives – especially in relation to identity work. If stories not only are thought of as representations of events it becomes possible to view stories and story telling as social action: social states are both established, negotiated and changed through stories. This is especially important in the field of health and illness where diseases almost always are embedded in conversations and the telling of why and how symptoms were discovered or traumas received. For many patients and persons with especially communicative disabilities story telling is a challenge, but also an opportunity to actually master, maintain and often transform their identities.
Wading the Field with My Key Informant: Exploring Field Relations
Authors: Ryen Anne
Published: January 2022

Entering and staying on in the field or rather avoiding being kicked out are the two classic ethnographic challenges. The rather positivist nature of textbook guidance on dos and don’ts in fieldwork in general and in delicate issues in particular (for researchers` dilemmas in the field see Ryen 2002), tend to recommend a gentle, middle-class (rather female) interactional style. This gaze suffers from being both researcher-focused (cf.Fine 1994 on “Othering”) and based on problematic pre-fixed identities nailing us to the role pair as researcher and key informant. As the introductory extract illustrates, it takes patience also to have an ethnographer “hanging around”. This article deals with the credibility of qualitative research when accounting for or exploring how we do staying in the cross-cultural field and it asks how can we credibly explore the stamina that takes us further? If we accept fieldwork as social interaction, we need to bring the social (or the “inter”) of it into the exploration of our puzzle. Membership categorisation device (MCD) offers to take us closer to understanding and piecing together our puzzle, but to better get at the events taking place in field interaction there is a need also to introduce the wider cultural context and the images available (or not) to members. In this way I recognise the ethnomethodological differentiation between topic and resource, but argue that when understandings and images are not necessarily culturally shared and collective, we also need to make problematic how members deal with the unavailability of shared images. In the conclusion I argue that the artful side of the local interpretive work in the field is closely entangled with whatever meanings or images are available for construction (in line with Gubrium and Holstein 1997:121). In cross-cultural contexts more than in others, this is particularly delicate because in such contexts images and experiences often do not connect and may lead to complications or even breakdown in communication (Ryen 2002). Mending or repair thus becomes another crucial phenomenon, itself complex, in the evolving field relations. The analysis thus pinpoints the artistry of members` local collaborative efforts accentuated when constrained by images or descriptions that do not connect across cultures. This makes stamina a joint effort, though itself an intricate, emergent phenomenon. Next I will briefly introduce a couple of classic works on working with key informants followed by a brief presentation of the analytic approaches to be applied to my data from East- Africa. Before concluding, I will comment on “wading the field” as reflected in the close exploration of the cross-cultural extracts.