bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soil incubation experiments using CoupModel
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Wenxin , Jansson Per-Erik , Petersen Søren O.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Efforts to develop effective climate mitigation
strategies for agriculture require methods to estimate nitrous oxide
(N2O) emissions from soil. Process-based biogeochemical models have
been often used for field- and large-scale estimates, while the sensitivity
and uncertainty of model applications to incubation experiments are less
investigated. In this study, a process-oriented model (CoupModel) was used
to simulate N2O and CO2 fluxes and soil mineral nitrogen (N)
contents in a short-term (43 d) factorial incubation experiment (16
treatments). A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) approach, “Morris
screening”, was applied to quantify parameter sensitivity. The GSA
suggested that a higher number of sensitive parameters was associated with
N2O flux estimates and that inter-treatment variations in parameter
sensitivities were distinguished by soil moisture levels or NO3- content and residue types. Important parameters regarding N2O flux
estimates were linked to the decomposability of soil organic matter (e.g.,
organic C pool sizes) and the denitrification process (e.g., Michaelis
constant and denitrifier respiratory rates). After calibration, the model
better captured temporal variations and magnitude of gas fluxes and mineral
N in unamended soils than in residue-amended soils. Low-magnitude daily and
cumulative N2O fluxes were well simulated with mean errors (MEs) close
to zero, but the model tended to underestimate N2O fluxes, as observed
daily values increased by over 0.1 g N m−2 d−1, in which the major
mismatch was due to limited success of the model to describe the high
emissions during the first few days after crop residue addition. A larger
uncertainty was also seen in the magnitude of pulse emissions by the
posterior simulations. We also evaluated ancillary variables regarding N
cycling, which indicated that more frequent measurements and additional
types of observed data such as soil oxygen content and the microbial sources
of emitted N2O are required to further evaluate model performance and
biases. The major challenges for calibration were associated with high
sensitivities of denitrification parameters to initial soil abiotic
conditions and the instantaneous residue amendment. Model structure
uncertainties and improved modeling practices in the context of incubation
experiments were discussed.
GLOBMAP SWF: a global annual surface water cover frequency dataset during 2000–2020
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Ronggao , Shang Rong
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The extent of surface water has been changing
significantly due to climatic change and human activities. However, it is
challenging to capture the interannual changes of inland water bodies due to
their high seasonal variation and abrupt change. In this paper, a global
annual surface water cover frequency dataset (GLOBMAP SWF) was generated
from the MODIS land surface reflectance products during 2000–2020 to
describe the seasonal and interannual dynamics of surface water. Surface
water cover frequency (SWF) was proposed as the percentage of the time
period when a pixel is covered by water in a year. Instead of determination
of the water directly, the SWF was estimated indirectly by identifying land
observations among annual clear-sky observations to reduce the influence of
clouds and variability of water bodies and surface background
characteristics, which helps to improve the applicability of the algorithm
for different regions across the globe. The generated dataset shows better
performances for frozen water, saline lakes, bright surfaces and regions with frequent cloud cover compared with the two high-frequency surface water datasets derived
from MODIS data, and it captures more intermittent surface water but may
underestimate small water bodies when compared with two high-resolution
datasets derived from Landsat data. Compared with the high-resolution SWF
maps extracted from Sentinel-1 data in eight regions that cover lakes, rivers
and wetlands, the R2 reaches 0.46 to 0.97, RMSE ranges from 7.24 %
to 22.62 %, and MAE is between 2.07 % and 7.15 %. In 2020, the area of
global maximum surface water extent is 3.38×106 km2, of which the
permanent surface water accounts for approximately 54 % (1.83×106 km2), and the other 46 % is intermittent surface water (1.55×106 km2). The area of global maximum and permanent surface water has been
shrinking since 2001, with a change rate of −7577 and −4315 km2 yr−1 (p<0.05), respectively, while the intermittent surface
water with the SWF above 50 % has been expanding (1368 km2 yr−1, p<0.01). This dataset can be used to analyze the interannual
variation and change trend of highly dynamic inland waters extent with
consideration of its seasonal variation. The GLOBMAP SWF data are available
at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6462883 (Liu and Liu, 2022).
In situ estimation of soil hydraulic and hydrodispersive properties by inversion of electromagnetic induction measurements and soil hydrological modeling
Authors: Dragonetti Giovanna , Farzamian Mohammad , Basile Angelo , Monteiro Santos Fernando , Coppola Antonio
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Soil hydraulic and hydrodispersive properties are necessary for modeling
water and solute fluxes in agricultural and environmental systems. Despite
the major efforts in developing methods (e.g., laboratory-based, pedotransfer functions), their characterization at applicative scales remains an imperative requirement. Accordingly, this paper proposes a noninvasive in situ method integrating electromagnetic induction (EMI) and hydrological modeling to estimate soil hydraulic and transport properties at the plot scale. To this end, we carried out two sequential water infiltration and solute transport experiments and conducted time-lapse EMI surveys using a CMD Mini-Explorer to examine how well this methodology can be used to (i) monitor water content dynamic after irrigation and to estimate the soil hydraulic van Genuchten–Mualem parameters from the water infiltration experiment as well as (ii) to monitor solute concentration and to estimate solute dispersivity from the solute transport experiment. We then compared the results with those estimated by direct time domain reflectometry (TDR) and tensiometer probe measurements. The EMI significantly underestimated the water content distribution observed by TDR, but the water content evolved similarly over time. This introduced two main effects on soil hydraulic properties obtained by the two methods: (i) similar water retention curve shapes, but underestimated saturated water content from the EMI method, resulting in a scaled water retention curve when compared with the TDR method; the EMI-based water retention curve can be scaled by measuring the actual saturated water content at the end of the experiment with TDR probes or by weighing soil samples; (ii) almost overlapping hydraulic conductivity curves, as expected when considering that the shape of the hydraulic conductivity curve primarily reflects changes in water content over time. Nevertheless, EMI-based estimations of soil hydraulic properties and transport properties were found to be fairly accurate in comparison with those obtained from direct TDR measurements and tensiometer probe measurements.
INFLUENCE OF VOXEL SIZE AND VOXEL CONNECTIVITY ON THE 3D MODELLING OF AUSTRALIAN HEATHLAND PARAMETERS
Authors: Homainejad N. , Zlatanova S. , Sepasgozar S. M. E. , Pfeifer N.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Point clouds acquired through laser scanning techniques are applied in the three-dimensional modelling of vegetation. They provide the three-dimensional coordinates of geometric surfaces with attributes. However, raw point clouds are unstructured and do not provide semantic, geometric, or topological information about an object. Voxelisation is a method for structuring point clouds. It is a generalisation of point clouds and therefore the voxel size and the voxel neighbourhood play a critical role in the processing. This research explores the influence of voxelisation of point clouds acquired of heathland in Australia and how it influences the three-dimensional modelling and the representation of important heathland structure using different voxel sizes and voxel connectivities. Voxel sizes of 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 1.0 m, 1.2 m and 1.6 m with a voxel neighbourhood connectivity of 6, 18 and 26 are examined for three-dimensional modelling and segmentation of heathland vegetation in Australia. The results indicate that the choice of voxel size and the voxel connectivity influence the representation of important heathland parameters. A smaller voxel size of 0.4 m provides a detailed representation of mallee structure while the the processing time is longer compared to a larger voxel size. While a larger voxel size produces blobs while the processing speed is shorter. The results from the voxel neighbourhood connectivity represent a stronger voxel connectivity of 26-connected voxels suitable for heathland modelling rather than a 6-connected voxels.
VOXELISATION AND VOXEL MANAGEMENT OPTIONS IN UNITY3D
Authors: Aleksandrov M. , Zlatanova S. , Heslop D. J.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Voxels have been used in various application domains successfully for the last several decades. Their main advantage is the underlying discrete data structure allowing to reliably work with surrounding voxels all the time. In this paper, capabilities of the Unity game engine for voxels management and geometry voxelisation are assessed, where 4 native solutions and 7 open-source projects written for Unity are investigated. Although many voxel-based options exist in Unity, they only deal with one part related to voxels. Therefore, the available capabilities to voxelise, visualise, structure and export voxels are combined and extended with the goal of successfully processing large 3D models and geometries. Many voxel visualisation techniques are investigated including mesh, VFX, point clouds and SVO, which have distinctive benefits in various aspects. Possibilities to structure voxels for effective management in simulations and other tasks are shown. Also, it is enabled to export voxels as point clouds and to the Postgres database for further processing, spatial analysis and distribution. One of the main conclusions is the lack of support for state-of-the-art voxel data structures, where the presented platform can easily be extended to support any. This platform can be used by people who deal with 3D discrete data, require voxelising 3D data, visualise voxels in different ways and technologies, as well as manage more efficiently sparsely occupied voxels.
CREATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF AN INDOOR NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR USERS WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Montilla Y. M. , León-Sánchez C. , Lizarazo Salcedo I.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Indoor navigation is a complex task for people and especially for visually impaired ones. This research proposes an indoor navigation system oriented to visually impaired users, integrating the OGC IndoorGML and CityGML standards with Bluetooth Low Energy devices (BLE) by using the RSSI signal loss value and the Weighted Path Loss - techniques to calculate the user’s location. This paper describes the design of the system and its implementation as a functional prototype in a mobile web application. Several operational tests were conducted to determine both the accuracy and precision of the user location. The user’s positioning results show a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.88 m in a scenario with obstacles and no height difference of the BLE devices location, and a RMSE of 1.06 m in a scenario with obstacles and height difference. These results confirm the potential of the implemented prototype to grow into a fully operational system.
CREATING CONTEXTUAL VIEW OF CMMS ASSETS USING GEOSPATIAL 2D/3D DATA
Authors: Colin C. , Samuel J. , Servigne S. , Bortolaso C. , Gesquière G.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) aim to assist administration and maintenance agents in their asset maintenance tasks (e.g., building, network, air conditioning, faucets maintenance). In this context, geospatial data can help to have a better understanding of the assets they represent by providing additional information: spatial, thematic, temporal, or inter-object relationships. Using such information often leads to interoperability issues as different domains describe them with different data models, like Building Information Modeling (using the Industry Foundation Classes format) and Geographic Information System (using the CityGML format). Spatial information, and particularly 2D or 3D geometry, are stored using heterogeneous representations (e.g., triangle soup, boundary representation, sweep volume, composite solids). Visualization and navigation in the information provided by multiple data sources remain a problem, as there is a need to understand the domains, languages, and models used to describe them. Furthermore, there is a need for solutions to integrate geometric data to manage and visualize existing 2D or 3D representations of assets in geospatial data stores while being able to retrieve additional information using semantic data stores. We propose, in this paper, a methodology to integrate heterogeneous geospatial data in the same viewer by transforming geometric data to a standardized format while keeping a link to sources, in order to navigate in the context of an asset by visualizing its spatial and thematic information.
DISCOVERING CLUSTERING PATTERNS FROM E-COUNTER DATA STREAMS
Authors: Ivari N. E. , Wachowicz M. , Williams P. A. H. , Agnew T.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Clustering data streams has gained popularity in recent years due to their potential of generating relevant information for planning building automation, evaluating energy efficiency scenarios, and simulating emergency protocols in indoor spaces. In this paper, a Data Stream Affinity Propagation (DSAP) clustering algorithm is proposed for analyzing indoor localization data generated from e-counters systems. The data streams are a sequence of potentially infinite and non-stationary data points, arriving continuously where random access to the data is not feasible and storing all the arriving data is impractical. The DSAP model is developed based on a two-phase approach (i.e., online and offline clustering phases) using the landmark time window model. It is non-parametric in the sense of not requiring any prior knowledge about the number of clusters and their respective labels. The validation and performance of the DSAP model is evaluated using real-world data streams from a behavioural experiment aimed at finding new spatio-temporal patterns in stair usage due to an educational intervention campaign.
TASK DECOMPOSITION AND LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY TO SELECT THE CONTENT OF UNDERGROUND UTILITY NETWORK MODEL
Authors: Chen Z. , Pouliot J. , Hubert F.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Accurate and efficient 3D spatio-semantic Underground Utility Network (UUN) models looks indispensable for the whole cycle of its planning, construction, maintenance, and all kinds of the decision-making process. We do believe that UUN model should be able to provide multiple representations, considering data accessibility and model comprehensibility, but how to define these levels of detail (LoD)? In this research, we made the hypothesis that LoD selection is related to the complexity of task to be performed. This paper aims at designing a decomposition method of the decision-making task and defining the level of complexity to evaluate the task. Then based on the complexity level, select the content of UUN model that is most suitable for the task with the best representation. This paper discusses the possible connections between the LoD of 3D UUN model and with decision-making tasks, providing solutions to guide decisions of model selection.
Side-To-Side Difference in Electromyographic Activity of Abdominal Muscles during Asymmetric Exercises
Authors: Kawama Raki , Ike Akira , Soma Ai , Hojo Tatsuya , Wakahara Taku
Published: October 2022

A side-to-side difference in the muscle size of the rectus abdominis has been suggested to increase the strain injury risk. Attenuating the difference in size of the rectus abdominis may decrease the injury risk. To explore ways to highly activate one side of the rectus abdominis, we aimed to clarify the activity levels of both sides of the muscle during asymmetric abdominal exercises. Fifteen male sprinters performed the following five asymmetric exercises for the right and left sides: (i) sit-up twist, (ii) oblique leg raise, (iii) side bridge, (iv) side bridge roll out with the elbow, and (v) side bridge roll out with the foot. Side bridge roll out with the elbow and that with the foot were performed using a wheeled platform. During the exercises, electromyographic signals were recorded bilaterally from the upper, central, and lower portions of the rectus abdominis. We calculated the root mean square of electromyograms during the concentric and eccentric phases of the exercises and normalized to that during maximal voluntary contractions. In all portions of the rectus abdominis, the root mean squares of electromyograms were significantly higher in the moving side than in the non-moving side during the concentric and eccentric phases of the side bridge, the side bridge roll out with the elbow and that with the foot (all p < 0.01), but not in sit-up twist or oblique leg raise. The root mean squares of electromyograms of all portions of the rectus abdominis in the moving side were significantly higher in the side bridge roll out with the elbow and that with the foot than in the side bridge during both phases (all p < 0.01). The results suggest that the application of the wheeled platform to side bridge is useful to highly activate one side of the rectus abdominis.
Psikolojik Yıldırmanın Sonuçlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ZORGÜL Garip Güler , YİĞİT Havva Seçil
Published: October 2022

In this study, the conceptual framework of psychological intimidation is decided to emphasize the results of psychological intimidation and thus to contribute to the literature. Research on the consequences of psychological intimidation behaviors on individuals has been conducted by measuring the psychological and psychosomatic findings left on the victims. The studies conducted in this direction have found that there is an important relationship between being exposed to intimidation in organizations and increasing psychological and psychosomatic complaints. When the literature is examined, there are research on individuals and organizations where psychological intimidation is common. According to the current research, education, management, production and trade sectors are among the most common organizations where psychological intimidation is seen. The results obtained from this study show that employees with high creativity are more exposed to the illegal behavior of disabled or low -talented individuals, culturally different people, foreign workers, superiors and colleagues. Keywords: alienation, psychosomatic finding, psychological intimidation
The extrusion process of poly-cereal mixtures: study and calculation of the main parameters
Authors: Ospanov Abdymanap , Timurbekova Aigul , Muslimov Nurzhan , Almaganbetova Aigul , Zhalelov Dulat
Published: October 2022

Theoretical prerequisites for the extrusion of bulk components for the production of high-readiness products have been developed, which formed the basis for calculating and optimizing the main technological parameters of the extrusion process. It has been experimentally confirmed: firstly, the design parameters of the extruder and the initial humidity of the poly-cereal mixture have the greatest influence on the melt pressure of the product; secondly, the geometric characteristics of the working body, the frequency (speed) of the screw rotation and the pressure of the product maximally affect the temperature in the pre-matrix zone of the extruder. It was found that an increase in the rotation speed of the working organ (screw) from 80 to 250 min-1 leads to the highest value of the optimization criterion – the energy value of a poly-cereal food product of a high degree of readiness, respectively, for the poly-cereal mixture Fitness – 332.34 kcal and the poly-cereal mixture Health – 334.09 kcal.
Rietveld refinement of chromian clinochlore from the chromitites of Golyamo Kamenyane serpentinite (Eastern Rhodopes)
Authors: Kostov-Kytin Vladislav , Petrov Petko , Encheva Svetlana
Published: October 2022

The structure of a disordered IIb chromian clinochlore from the chromitites of Golyamo Kamenyane serpentinite (Eastern Rhodopes) was studied using Rietveld refinement techniques and powder X-ray diffraction (CuKα, 3–100° 2Θ in 0.013° 2Θ increments). The refinement in space group C–l yielded the following lattice parameters: a = 5.299(2) Å, b = 9.2625(5) Å, c = 14.4726(6) Å, α = 90.103(7)°, β = 97.191(13)°, γ = 90.320(11)°, and cell volume of 704.69(21) Å3. The structure of the studied mineral is characterized by a semi-random stacking of adjacent chlorite layers creating a situation in which not all atoms positions could be precisely located. Despite this limitation, the crystal chemical plausibility of the final structural model could be achieved due to the fact that most of the atomic positions (all octahedral cations and anions) repeat at intervals of ±b/3 and could be uniquely determined. The type of structural information that can be derived from the test compound and similar structurally related materials by applying the Rietveld method is discussed and ways to achieve this are considered.
Heat potential of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous aquifer in Central Northern Bulgaria: conditions and prospective use
Authors: Gerginov Peter , Stoyanov Nikolay , Valtchev Simeon , Benderev Aleksey
Published: October 2022

The regional hydrogeological conditions in Northern Bulgaria determine the existence of a large artesian basin consisting of layered aquifers. The groundwater temperature increase with depth and the conditions in the deeper layers are favourable for the formation of stratified hydrothermal reservoirs with potential for heat extraction. Although it was initiated in the 1980s, the utilization of this green energy resource is still in a pre-feasibility phase. The Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous aquifer has the highest yield and it is the most prospective geothermal source in the multi-layered sedimentary complex in Central Northern Bulgaria. This study provides new understanding of the formation and potential for extraction of thermal energy from this stratum, which has all characteristics of a low temperature hydrothermal reservoir. The study includes delineation of its boundaries, evaluation of hydrogeological and thermal parameters and data on hydraulic connectivity. The flow and temperature fields, the elements of the water and heat balance, as well as the groundwater quality, have been assessed. The groundwater and thermal energy resources in the hydrothermal reservoir have been estimated on a regional scale, including a scenario with reinjection. Different options for potential utilization of the thermal energy using reinjection wells have been put forward.
A Ring from a Cave in ‘En Gedi and the Conflict Between Herod the Great and Mattathias Antigonus (40–37 BCE)
Authors: Farhi Yoav
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a rare bronze finger ring that was found more than half a century ago and bears a symbol known mainly from the coins of Mattathias Antigonus. A teenager recovered it from one of the burial caves in the cliff of Naḥal David at ‘En Gedi. Although the cave was later excavated by Nahman Avigad, the ring was forgotten and was not incorporated in the excavation report. This paper discusses the ring, the symbol it bears, and its relation to the coins of Antigonus. I suggest a date and identification for the burials in the cave that associates them with the conflict between Herod and Antigonus.
An Early Bronze Age I Tomb, a Dwelling Cave, and a Quarry at the Mount of Olives, Jerusalem
Authors: Kohn-Tavor Achia
Published: October 2022

A small salvage excavation was conducted in 2007 at the Mount of Offence (part of the Mount of Olives, Ras el-‘Amud neighborhood), overlooking Jerusalem’s old city. The excavation revealed finds of three periods: the EB Ib, late Iron Age IIc, the Early Roman, and the Byzantine periods. The EB Ib remains included a burial cave, which was only partly excavated. The remains provide important information about the inhabitants of early Jerusalem. Later, in the Late Iron Age IIc, part of the cave was cleared and used for temporary habitation, perhaps in anticipation of the impending Babylonian siege. Lastly, in the Early Roman and Byzantine periods, the mountainside was made into a quarry, unaware of the early cave. These three chronological episodes offer us a glimpse into some of the activities on the outskirts of ancient Jerusalem.
Diptères comme outil d’évaluation de l’état du corridor rivulaire – premières expérimentations sur des cours d’eau du Massif central, et comparaison avec des cours d’eau de Bretagne et des Pyrénées
Authors: LABAT Frederic
Published: October 2022

Les corridors rivulaires sont les habitats les plus diversifiés et complexes du globe, sièges de nombreux processus indispensables au maintien de la qualité de l’eau et de la biodiversité. Les Diptères, second plus vaste groupe d’espèces d’insectes dans le monde, possèdent des exigences écologiques susceptibles d’exprimer la complexité des habitats rivulaires et des échanges hydriques de subsurface. De plus, il s’agit du groupe le plus abondant et le plus diversifié de nos corridors rivulaires. Ils occupent donc un rôle majeur dans les réseaux trophiques des cours d’eau et des écosystèmes terrestres riverains. Une méthode rapide d’échantillonnage des imagos de Diptères rivulaires ou aquatiques a été appliquée sur onze stations dont cinq du Massif central, tandis que la qualité de leur corridor rivulaire a été caractérisée à partir de l’indice IBCR. Les relations entre communautés de Diptères et caractéristiques du corridor rivulaire ont été analysées. Pour cela, une approche taxonomique traditionnelle et une approche fonctionnelle basée sur les traits bio-écologiques de leurs larves (alimentation et affinité à l’eau) ont été utilisées. 252 taxons de Diptères, dont sept espèces citées pour la première fois en France ont été identifiés. Le climat, l’état de conservation et la diversité des écoulements des cours d’eau du Puy-de-Dôme semblent particulièrement favorables aux communautés de Diptères rivulaires. Nos résultats indiquent qu’un corridor rivulaire plus ancien, plus large et disposant d’une dynamique fluviale favorisant une mosaïque complexe d’habitats accueille une plus grande diversité d’espèces et de modes alimentaires et d’affinités à l’eau des larves. De plus, l’échantillonnage des Diptères donne des indications sur la capacité d’accueil des habitats hygropétriques et intertidaux, permettant de mieux valoriser les travaux de restauration hydromorphologique.
Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Lecturers’ Evaluation System (A Case Study of Computer Science Department, Isa Mustapha Agwai I Polytechnic, IMAP, Lafia)
Authors: D.U. Abdulkadir , N.U. Mukail , A. Bitrus
Published: October 2022

The study focused on design and implementation of a web-based lecturer evaluation system. To accomplish this, the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSDAM) was adopted. The software development tools used were PhP, CSS5, HTML, and MYSQL. The application has the Admin, Student and Lecturer modules. The admin manages students, courses, evaluation questions and criteria. The student module manages students’ ratings of their lecturers while the lecturer module manages lecturers and enables a lecturer to view his mean rating report at the end of a semester.
Drinfel’d associator and relations of some special functions
Authors: Bùi Van Chien
Published: October 2022

We observe the differential equation dG(z) / dz = (x0 / z + x1 / (1- z))G(z) in the space of power series of noncommutative indeterminates x0, x1 , where the coefficients of G(z) are holomorphic functions on the simply connected domain ℂ \ [(-∞,0)∪(1,+∞)].Researches on this equation in some conditions turn out different solutions which admit Drinfel'd associator as a bridge. In this paper, we review representations of these solutions by generating series of some special functions such as multiple harmonic sums, multiple polylogarithms and polyzetas. Thereby, relations in explicit forms or asymptotic expansions of these special functions from the bridge equations are deduced by identifying local coordinates.
Identifying potential drugs for inhibition the M2 protein channel of influenza A by steered molecular dynamics
Authors: Huynh Thi Ngoc Thanh , Nguyen Quoc Thai , Pham Minh Tri
Published: October 2022

Combining Lipinski’s rule and docking method were used as a virtual screening tool to find out top hits from the large data base CHEMSPIDER with more than 1,4 million compounds. The lowest binding energy ΔEbind obtained in the best docking mode was chosen as a scoring function for selecting top ligands. Virtual screening has obtained top-leads compounds with binding energy less than -11.0 kcal.mol-1 for inhibition the M2 protein channels of influenza A virus H5N1. Since the predictive power of the docking method is limited, top-leads were selected for further study by the more precise steered molecular dynamics method. The main idea of this method is that instead of the binding free energy, the rupture force needed to unbind a ligand from a receptor used as a measure of binding affinity. The higher is rupture force, and the stronger is binding.
Salicylic acid role on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth in drought stress
Authors: Vo Thi Phuong
Published: October 2022

Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous plant growth hormone responsive to drought stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the exogenous SA impact on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth under drought stress conditions. An alcohol-carbohydrate, mannitol, at seven concentrations (0, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 g/L) was used to determine the drought condition. The SA supplement in MS medium (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) and the seed pretreatment with SA (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/L) were used. Results showed that applied treatments significantly influenced soybean growth in drought stress condition. The supplement of 1.0 mg/L SA into medium and the seed pretreatment with 6.0 mg/L SA performed superior to improving the seedling growth under the drought stress. The SA presence not only improved the relative water content of leaves but also increased content of chlorophyll a and photosynthesis intensity.
Some like it hot, but not icebergs
Authors: Cenedese Claudia
Published: October 2022

Mass discharge from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Iceberg calving accounts for approximately half of this discharge. Icebergs impact both the regional and large-scale ocean circulation by altering the stratification. They also impact the marine ecosystem by affecting nutrient distribution and carbon cycling. Freshwater input due to iceberg melt has the potential to impact regional sea-ice distribution and the global overturning circulation. Notwithstanding their importance, our understanding of where and how icebergs melt is limited and their representation in ocean and climate models is over-simplistic, in part due to the scarcity of quantitative field data. As a result, model-based predictions of iceberg melt rates, of the fate of the melt water, and of its impact on the ocean are highly uncertain. The focus of this lecture will be on laboratory experiments investigating the influence of the ambient flow, the icebergs’ aspect ratio and the Earth rotation on iceberg melting.
Studies of disturbance growth in transonic boundary layers over complex geometries using embedded DG simulations
Authors: Lyu Ganlin
Published: October 2022

Laminar boundary layer natural transition for external flows is of particular interest in both the aeronautical industry and academia. The transitional process is dominated by the linear growth of disturbances, e.g., Tollmien–Schlichting waves and crossflow waves, and therefore a correct prediction on the development of the disturbances is necessary for a successful transitional analysis. Most conventional studies focused on the disturbances developing based on incompressible boundary layer flows over ideal, clean geometries. However, the physical settings for wider real applications are different for the flow compressibility and geometrical complexity. The compressibility stems from the transonic operational conditions, and for the real geometries the main source of the complexity is the existence of surface imperfections, which typically take the form of steps and gaps whose sizes are comparable with the boundary layer thickness. In the current study we therefore further extend the physical settings to transonic laminar boundary layer at realistic Reynolds numbers, and over wing sections with surface imperfections.
DNS investigation of turbulence transition of NACA0012 at near post-stall regime
Authors: Vivarelli Guglielmo
Published: October 2022

Stall and post-stall conditions occur in different modern engineering settings, such as compressors and turbines in gas engines and wind turbines to name a few. To be able to design such components a detailed understanding of the complex flow physics generally encountered in these cases is required. Separation, turbulent transition, shear layers are an example of some of the intricate flow behaviour that may appear. In this work, an extensive Direct Numerical Simulation study of the solution at angles of attack 9, 10 and 12 degrees will be carried out. Similar flow features will be seen, but their location and intensity differs as the aerofoil is tilted more and more. Boundary layer quantities will be computed to assess the situation and the difference between the cases. Following this, an in-depth analysis of the effects of the mesh resolution, but in particular, of the spatial discretisation scheme will be carried out. The evidence suggests a very strong dependency on the small scale behaviour that mainly effects the leading edge bubble separation. Finally, a separate study will be carried out to understand the effects of the spanwise extrusion on the overall solution. The 10 degrees angle of attack case displayed a non-negligible dependency at both the leading edge and downstream of the 50% chord position. It is not conclusive as to whether the widest case (Lz=8) was sufficient to capture the entire flow physics. The 12 degree case, on the other hand, demonstrated that there is a much smaller dependency on the spanwise length.
Scale Resolved Simulations of an Inverted Multi-Element Wing in Ground Effect
Authors: Slaughter James
Published: October 2022

Presented is a computational study of a spanwise homogeneous inverted multi-element wing in ground effect. At a ride height of 0.36h/c, a slice of a F1 front wing has been taken and extruded 0.16c in the z direction. The study has examined the flow physics and salient flow features using iLES through a Spectral/hp Element type discretization. Force coefficients of -8.33 and 0.17 have been found for lift and drag, respectively. Through examination of the lift and surface pressure fluctuation through techniques such as Power Spectral Density and Cross Spectral Phase, we present relationships between key modes on all aerofoils at St=40,60,140,200. An in-phase relationship can be seen at St=40 whilst a distinct out-of-phase relationship can be seen at higher Strouhal Number. Transition mechanisms on the suction surfaces of all flaps have been characterized with the first two elements transitioning via Laminar Separation Bubble, with the third transitioning via a bypass mechanism. This study is presented as to create a benchmark for the testing and review of current and new models and processes as applied to motorsports and Formula 1 aerodynamics.
An Efficient Implicit Solver for Incompressible flow
Authors: Wustenberg Henrik
Published: October 2022

Under-resolved Direct Numerical Simulation (uDNS) offers highly resolved insight into complex and unsteady flow phenomena such as vortices. The numerical algorihtms of uDNS however are difficult to stabilise whilst maintaining a high computational efficiency. In particular for industrial applications, complex geometries provide challenging test cases for a uDNS solver and significantly decrease the overall efficiency through numerical instabilities. Implicit time- stepping increases the stability of the algorithm, however, at larger computational costs. This work explores the potential of implicit time-stepping using Velocity-Correction schemes. While the cost for each time step increase, implicit schemes lift the CFL restriction for the time step and allow balancing temporal and spatial discretisation errors to achieve an efficient solution. At this stage of the project, a linearly implicit Velocity-Correction scheme based on Dong and Shen (2010) is presented and its stability margin compared to the widely used Semi-Implicit Velocity-Correction scheme.
Stability of flow in a 90-degree bend
Authors: Proskurin Alexander
Published: October 2022

The presentation describes stability of two-dimensional flow in a channel that consists of straight inlet and outlet branches and a circular 90-degree curved bend. An incompressible viscous fluid flows through the elbow under the action of a constant pressure gradient between the inlet and outlet. Navier-Stokes equations were solved numerically using a high-fidelity spectral/hp element method. In a range of Reynolds numbers, an adaptive selective frequency damping method was used to get steady-state flow. It was found that three separation bubbles and vortex shedding can exist in the bend. The modal stability of two- and three-dimensional perturbations was investigated. The critical Reynolds number of the two-dimensional disturbances was found by extrapolation from lower Reynolds number results. It is much greater than the three-dimensional one, but the two-dimensional flow could be subcritically unstable with respect to the externally imposed small-amplitude white noise. For three-dimensional perturbations, the dependence of the critical Reynolds numbers on the bending radius was obtained. For the case of a moderate bending radius, a neutral curve is provided and eigenfunctions are studied in detail. Three-dimensional instability can be caused by a periodic or monotonically growing mode, and these unstable modes relate to the recirculation bubbles that occur after the bend.
Rimegepant for the treatment of migraine
Authors: Berger Amnon A. , Winnick Ariel , Carroll Austin H. , Welschmeyer Alexandra , Li Nathan , Colon Marc , Paladini Antonella , Ramírez Giovanni F. , Hasoon Jamal , Cornett Elyse M. , Song Jaehong , Varrassi Giustino , Kaye Adam M. , Kaye Alan D. , Ganti Latha
Published: October 2022

Migraine is a common form of primary headache, affecting up to 1 in every 6 Americans. The pathophysiology is an intricate interplay of genetic factors and environmental influence and is still being elucidated in ongoing studies. The trigeminovascular system is now known to have a significant role in the initiation of migraines, including the release of pain mediators such as CGRP and substance P. Traditional treatment of migraine is usually divided into acute and preventive treatment. Acute therapy includes non-specific therapy, such as NSAIDs and other analgesics, which may provide relief in mild to moderate migraines. 5-HT1 agonists may provide relief in severe migraine, but are not universally effective and carry a significant side-effect profile with frequent redosing requirement. Prophylactic therapy may reduce the occurrence of acute migraine attacks in selected patients, but does not completely eliminate it. More recently, CGRP antagonism has been studied and shown to be effective in both abortion and prevention of migraine. Novel medications, targeting CGRP, divide into CGRP antibodies and receptor antagonists (gepants). Rimegepant, a second-generation gepant, has shown efficacy in several clinical trials in treating acute migraine. Ongoing trials are also evaluating its role in migraine prophylaxis, and results are promising. It is also generally safer for use than existing options, does not appear to increase the chance of developing chronic migraines, and carries a very tolerable side effects profile. It is a part of a growing arsenal in migraine treatment, and may present the silver bullet for treatment of this disease.
Diabete hi-tech
Authors: D'Agostin martina , Tumminelli Cristina , Grigoletto Veronica , Tornese Gianluca , Barbi Egidio , Faleschini Elena
Published: October 2022

Recently, technological innovations have radically changed diabetes care. Insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring systems have significantly improved diabetes outcomes in both children and adults with Type 1 diabetes. For this reason, the major international associations recommend the use of technology in the management of Type 1 diabetes. The limitations of glycemic self-monitoring have prompted research to develop alternative techniques, favouring the expansion of continuous blood glucose monitoring systems (CGMs). CGM measures interstitial glucose through tiny sensors inserted in the subcutaneous tissue. Sensors can provide information in real time on the current glucose level and its trend. These data can be uploaded to the cloud and checked any time by doctors, patients and their caregivers. CGM can be combined with multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). With CSII, basal insulin is supplied in the form of a continuous infusion and pre-meal bolus doses are calculated based on the meals’ carbohydrate content. A variety of insulin pumps is available, some of which can communicate with specific CGM devices, helping the patient to make better decisions about insulin dosing. This approach is known as sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy and it is the gold standard for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes in children and young adults, as recommended by the Italian Association of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology. In the most recent systems, basal insulin delivery can be automatically modified through algorithms, based on CGM results, target glucose and the amount of active insulin, even though the patients still have to set the pre-meal insulin bolus manually. This system is defined as a partially hybrid closed-loop system, also known as artificial pancreas. Compared to MDI, CSII is associated with better control of blood glucose - measured by haemoglobin A1c and glycemic variability -, reduction of daily insulin requirement and an improvement of the quality of life. Psychophysical disabilities, language barriers or socio-economic disadvantage should not be considered limitations of CSII treatment as long as the caregiver is able to manage the therapy. Nowadays, MDI is recommended as first line therapy exclusively for those patients who do not want to use insulin pumps due to physical discomfort. The aim of this article is to provide updated information on the management of paediatric diabetes with modern technological devices for glucose monitoring and insulin delivery.
La dumping syndrome: da conoscere e sapere riconoscere
Authors: Guastalla Veronica
Published: October 2022

After starting gastrostomy feeding an epileptic girl developed frequent episodes characterized by pallor, sweating and sleepiness. Finally, dumping syndrome was diagnosed.
Cancer epidemiology in practice: Working notes on cancer history-based selection and censoring
Authors: Berge Leon A.M. , Grimsrud Tom K. , Babigumira Ronnie , Støer Nathalie C. , Shala Nita K. , Veierød Marit B. , Stenehjem Jo S.
Published: October 2022

Leon A.M. Berge, Tom K. Grimsrud, Ronnie Babigumira, Nathalie C. Støer, Nita K. Shala, Marit B. Veierød and Jo S. Stenehjem: Cancer epidemiology in practice: Working notes on cancer history-based selection and censoring
Lettre à Marianne
Authors: Curchod François
Published: October 2022

Très chère Marianne, si je t’écris cette lettre en français, ce n’est pas seulement parce que nous conversons de temps à autre dans la langue de Molière, mais c’est aussi et surtout parce que le français est ma langue maternelle, donc la langue du coeur. Et c’est mon coeur autant que mon cerveau qui dicte mes mots aujourd’hui.
Investigation of the Effect of Sociodemographic Characteristics of Elderly Individuals on Mobility Levels
Authors: YAĞCI Nesrin , ŞİMŞEK Şule , ÖZTOP Mücahit
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on the level of mobility in the elderly with good cognitive levels. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 521 participants (mean age: 71.81 ± 6.29) over the age of 65 living in 2 Family Health Center regions of Merkezefendi district in Denizli. The sociodemographic information form and the Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) were used to collect data. Results: In the elderly with good cognitive level, it was determined that the mobility score decreased (p < 0.001) as the age increased, and the mobility score increased as the education level increased (p < 0.001) significantly. It was determined that the mobility score of the female elderly was lower than the male (p=0.043), and the mobility score of the married elderly participants was higher than the singles (p < 0.001). While Body Mass Index smoking and alcohol consumption had no effect on mobility level (p ˃ 0.05), mobility levels of the elderly with regular exercise habits were higher than those without (p < 0,001). The mobility scores of the elderly, who had a high history of falls (p < 0,001) and who had a high daily amount of medication (p=0,001), were lower. Conclussion: Being 80 years of age and above, female gender, single marital status, having low education level, and not having an exercise habit are the factors that negatively affect the mobility levels in elderly.
Fatores de proteção na trajetória de vida de autores de agressão sexual contra criança e adolescente (AASCA)
Authors: Castro dos Reis Daniela Castro dos Reis , Chaves Cavalcante Lília Iêda , Gemaque Silveira Laura
Published: October 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e discutir os fatores de proteção inscritos na trajetória de vida de autores de agressão sexual contra criança e adolescente (AASCA), e sua relação com os quatro núcleos do Modelo Bioecológico do Desenvolvimento Humano (MBDH). Foi realizado um estudo de caso com cinco AASCA do sexo masculino, que cumpriam pena em uma unidade prisional. Foram aplicados o Questionário para Caracterização dos Autores de Agressão Sexual de Criança e Adolescente e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Os fatores de proteção encontrados mais frequentemente foram o vínculo materno (Processo), religião (Contexto), grupo de pares (Contexto), brincadeiras e lazer (Contexto), e as metas para o futuro (Tempo). Quanto aos quatro núcleos do MBDH, não foram identificados fatores de proteção semelhantes entre os participantes no núcleo da Pessoa, o que pode sinalizar a heterogeneidade dessa população. Os fatores de proteção ao desenvolvimento identificados em meio aos participantes foram consonantes com o exposto pela literatura, sendo necessária, porém, uma compreensão mais ampla das circunstâncias associadas ao comportamento de agressão sexual a crianças e adolescentes.