bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-Dependent Healing Potential of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Remnant-Derived Cells
Authors: Nakano Naoki , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Takayama Koji , Matsushita Takehiko , Araki Daisuke , Uefuji Atsuo , Nagai Kanto , Zhang Shurong , Inokuchi Takao , Nishida Kyohei , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro
Published: January 2015

Background:

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) does not heal spontaneously after injury, and ACL patients of different ages respond differently to treatment. Although ACL-derived CD34-positive cells contribute to bone-tendon healing after ACL reconstruction, the relationship between the healing potential of ACL-derived cells and a patient’s age is unknown.

Hypothesis:

ACL-derived cells from young patients will have a greater effect on the maturation of bone-tendon integration in an immunodeficient rat model of ACL reconstruction compared with cells derived from older patients.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Sixty 10-week-old female immunodeficient rats underwent ACL reconstruction (using the autologous flexor digitorum longus tendon as a graft) followed by intracapsular administration of ACL-derived cells from patients aged 10 to 19 years (younger group) or patients aged 30 to 39 years (older group), or they were given phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; PBS group). Histologic, radiographic, and biomechanical examinations were performed 2 to 8 weeks after surgery. In addition, intrinsic and human cell–derived angiogenesis and osteogenesis were examined by immunohistochemistry.

Results:

In the younger group, histologic assessment demonstrated early bone-tendon healing, which induced endochondral ossification-like integration. Micro–computed tomography showed a statistically significant reduction in the area of tibial bone tunnel in the younger group (week 4, 20.0% ± 11.2% reduction; week 8, 25.7% ± 5.6% reduction) compared with the older group (week 4, 1.8% ± 3.0% reduction; week 8, 4.0% ± 5.9% reduction) and the PBS group (week 4, –0.5% ± 3.2% reduction; week 8, 3.3% ± 5.2% reduction) (week 4, P < .05; week 8, P < .01). Failure loads during tensile testing demonstrated a significantly higher ultimate load to failure in the younger group (17.52 ± 4.01 N) compared with the older (8.05 ± 2.91 N) and PBS (7.01 ± 3.16 N) groups ( P < .05), and isolectin B4 and rat osteocalcin immunostaining indicated enhanced intrinsic angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the younger group. There was no statistically significant difference in the results of radiographic and biomechanical examinations between the older and PBS groups. Double immunohistochemistry for human-specific endothelial cell and osteoblast markers demonstrated a greater ability of differentiation into endothelial cells and osteoblasts in the younger group.

Conclusion:

ACL-derived cells from younger patients enhanced early bone-tendon healing in an immunodeficient rat model of ACL reconstruction.

Clinical Relevance:

Surgeons should consider a patient’s age when performing ACL reconstruction with remnant preservation or ruptured tissue incorporation, as this can predict healing ability.
The Biomechanical Function of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee
Authors: Parsons Erin M. , Gee Albert O. , Spiekerman Charles , Cavanagh Peter R.
Published: January 2015

Background:

Recent anatomic investigations of the lateral structures of the knee have identified a new ligament, called the anterolateral ligament (ALL). To date, the anterolateral ligament has not been biomechanically tested to determine its function.

Hypothesis:

The ALL of the knee will resist internal rotation at high angles of flexion but will not resist anterior drawer forces.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eleven cadaveric knees were subjected to 134 N of anterior drawer at flexion angles between 0° and 90° and separately to 5 N·m of internal rotation at the same flexion angles. The in situ forces of the ALL, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) were determined by the principle of superposition.

Results:

The contribution of the ALL during internal rotation increased significantly with increasing flexion, whereas that of the ACL decreased significantly. At knee flexion angles greater than 30°, the contribution of the ALL exceeded that of the ACL. During anterior drawer, the forces in the ALL were significantly less than the forces in the ACL at all flexion angles ( P < .001). The forces in the LCL were significantly less than those in either the ACL or the ALL at all flexion angles for both anterior drawer and internal rotation ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The ALL is an important stabilizer of internal rotation at flexion angles greater than 35°; however, it is minimally loaded during anterior drawer at all flexion angles. The ACL is the primary resister during anterior drawer at all flexion angles and during internal rotation at flexion angles less than 35°.

Clinical Relevance:

Damage to the ALL of the knee could result in knee instability at high angles of flexion. It is possible that a positive pivot-shift sign may be observed in some patients with an intact ACL but with damage to the ALL. This work may have implications for extra-articular reconstruction in patients with chronic anterolateral instability.
Social Context and College Completion in the United States
Authors: Stroope Samuel , Franzen Aaron B. , Uecker Jeremy E.
Published: January 2015

Prior research has documented the influence of religion on a variety of stratification processes. Largely absent from this research, however, are explicit examinations of the role religious contexts play in educational outcomes. In this study, we focus on the congregation-level prevalence of a salient religious belief: biblical literalism. Using national multilevel data (U.S. Congregational Life Survey [USCLS]; N = 92,344), we examine whether individuals’ likelihood of completing college is dependent on the percentage of fellow congregation members who are biblical literalists. We find that college completion is tied to congregational literalism in important ways. Net of individual biblical literalism and other controls, congregational literalism decreases the likelihood of completing college. In addition, while congregational biblical literalism decreases the likelihood of college completion for both biblical literalists and non-literalists, the relationship is strongest for non-literalists such that in highly literalist congregations, non-literalists’ likelihood of college completion more closely resembles that of literalists.
Perceptions of Course Value and Issues of Specialization in Undergraduate Music Teacher Education Curricula
Authors: Groulx Timothy J.
Published: January 2015

Music educators ( n = 601) responded to a survey designed to investigate what undergraduate music education curricular changes might be desired to better serve the profession. Participants rated the value of the 20 most common types of courses in a music teacher education program. The highest rated courses were student teaching, ensembles, applied lessons, conducting, early field experiences, aural theory, and music theory, and the lowest rated were education courses and educational psychology. A content analysis of the data revealed common themes from participant-supplied course recommendations: technical skills, effective teaching, administrative skills, engaging in schools, support for career specialization, and preparation for a broader range of careers. The finding that approximately 83% of participants taught outside their area of specialization during their career supports recommendations to ensure at least fundamental preparation for more than one career track.
Association Between Restless Legs Syndrome and Adult ADHD in a German Community-Based Sample
Authors: Roy Mandy , de Zwaan Martina , Tuin Inka , Philipsen Alexandra , Brähler Elmar , Müller Astrid
Published: January 2015

Objective: Previous research in clinical samples indicated a significant association between ADHD and restless legs syndrome (RLS). The present study examined the association between adult ADHD and RLS in the German population. Method: Self-rating instruments to assess RLS, childhood ADHD, and adult ADHD were administered to a community-based sample ( N = 1,632). In addition, current depression and anxiety, sleep disturbances, weight, and height were assessed by self-report. Results: Adult ADHD was associated with statistically significant increases in the odds of meeting diagnostic criteria for RLS even when adjusting for potential confounding variables such as weight (odds ratio [OR] = 3.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.29, 7.63], p< .001). However, the association did not hold true after adjusting for the presence of sleep disturbances (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = [0.82, 4.96], p = .13). Conclusion: The findings suggest a strong link between RLS and adult ADHD symptoms. Clinicians should be aware of RLS among adult ADHD patients, especially as there might be a negative interactive effect.
Exploring Parent Beliefs and Behavior: The Contribution of ADHD Symptomology Within Mothers and Fathers
Authors: Lowry Lynda S. , Schatz Nicole K. , Fabiano Gregory A.
Published: January 2015

Objective: To use a multi-method approach to examine the association of parental ADHD and gender with observed and self-reported parenting beliefs and behaviors. Method: Seventy-nine mother–father dyads completed measures of child behavior and impairment, parenting beliefs and behaviors, and self- and partner ratings of ADHD symptoms and functional impairment. Forty-five parents also completed structured parent–child interactions. Results: A hierarchical linear model suggests impairment in functional domains may be associated with negative emotions about parenting and less effective parenting strategies. For fathers, greater severity of partner-reported symptoms of ADHD may be associated with greater frequency of negative talk during parent–child interactions. Conclusion: Findings suggest that higher levels of parental ADHD symptoms and functional impairment may be associated with reported beliefs and behaviors related to parenting. Differences emerged among mothers’ and fathers’ use of parenting strategies when self- and other-report of ADHD symptoms and impairment were assessed.
Academic Outcomes Following a School-Based RCT for ADHD: 6-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Sayal Kapil , Merrell Christine , Tymms Peter , Kasim Adetayo
Published: January 2015

Objective: For children with high levels of ADHD symptoms, to investigate the impact of early school-based interventions on academic outcomes in mid-childhood. Method: A 6-year follow-up of 4- to 5-year-olds ( N = 52,075) whose schools participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial for children at risk of ADHD. School-level interventions involved the provision of a booklet with evidence-based information (book) and/or feedback of names (identification) of children with high levels of ADHD symptoms. At ages 10 to 11 years, outcome measures were scores in English and mathematics tests. Results: For children with high levels of ADHD symptoms, the interventions had no impact on academic outcomes. When all children were analyzed, the book intervention had a positive impact on mathematics. Baseline inattention was associated with poorer academic outcomes, whereas impulsiveness was associated with better academic outcomes. Conclusion: The provision of evidence-based information about helping children with ADHD at school may have wider academic benefits.
Female genital cutting in the news media: A content analysis
Authors: Sobel Meghan
Published: January 2015

Mass media play an important role in explaining the issue of female genital cutting and can influence discourse among the general public as well as policy makers. Understanding how news media present female genital cutting has strong implications for the global status of women. This study, a quantitative content analysis, analyzed how 15 years of newspaper coverage surrounding the launch of the Millennium Development Goals framed female genital cutting in four countries with varying prevalence levels of female genital cutting: the United States, Ghana, The Gambia, and Kenya. The study found female genital cutting is consistently portrayed as a problematic and thematic topic, largely tied to cultural rituals. However, coverage is minimal and inconsistent over time, and does not appear to be impacted by the increase in international initiatives aimed at combatting the practice.
Advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a review of current treatment strategies and developing therapies
Authors: Teague Andrea , Lim Kian-Huat , Wang-Gillam Andrea
Published: January 2015

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest solid malignancies. A large proportion of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of presentation and, unfortunately, this severely limits the number of patients who can undergo surgical resection, which offers the only chance for cure. Recent therapeutic advances for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer have extended overall survival, but prognosis still remains grim. Given that traditional chemotherapy is ineffective in curing advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, current research is taking a multidirectional approach in the hopes of developing more effective treatments. This article reviews the major clinical trial data that is the basis for the current chemotherapy regimens used as first- and second-line treatments for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We also review the current ongoing clinical trials, which include the use of agents targeting the oncogenic network signaling of K-Ras, agents targeting the extracellular matrix, and immune therapies.
Effects of Performing Morning Versus Afternoon Exercise on Glycemic Control and Hypoglycemia Frequency in Type 1 Diabetes Patients on Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: Gomez Ana Maria , Gomez Claudia , Aschner Pablo , Veloza Angelica , Muñoz Oscar , Rubio Claudia , Vallejo Santiago
Published: January 2015

Background: Although physical exercise (PE) is recommended for individuals with type 1 diabetes (DM1), participation in exercise is challenging because it increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia and the available therapeutic options to prevent it frequently result in hyperglycemia. There is no clear recommendation about the best timing for exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of hypoglycemia after morning or afternoon exercise sessions up to 36 hours postworkout. Methods: This randomized crossover study enrolled subjects with DM1, older than 18 years of age, on sensor-augmented insulin pump (SAP) therapy. Participants underwent 2 moderate-intensity exercise sessions; 1 in the morning and 1 in the afternoon, separated by a 7 to 14 day wash-out period. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were collected 24 hours before, during and 36 hours after each session. Results: Thirty-five subjects (mean age 30.31 ± 12.66 years) participated in the study. The rate of hypoglycemia was significantly lower following morning versus afternoon exercise sessions (5.6 vs 10.7 events per patient, incidence rate ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43-0.63; P < .0001). Most hypoglycemic events occurred 15-24 hours after the session. On days following morning exercise sessions, there were 20% more CGM readings in near-euglycemic range (70-200 mg/dL) than on days prior to morning exercise ( P = .003). Conclusions: Morning exercise confers a lower risk of late-onset hypoglycemia than afternoon exercise and improves metabolic control on the subsequent day.
War, Home, and Permanent Exile: Theodor Adorno’s Minima Moralia and William Spanos’s In the Neighborhood of Zero
Authors: Clark Michael
Published: January 2015

Although they came from strikingly different backgrounds, both William V. Spanos and Theodor W. Adorno were radically transformed by the historical circumstances of World War II. Both recounted those experiences in memoirs that questioned the degeneration of rationality and the resulting instrumental and mechanistic tendencies of twentieth-century life. Adorno’s fractured and aphoristic Minima Moralia is a reflection on the “damaged” nature of exilic existence; Spanos’s In the Neighborhood of Zero decries the massive destructive potential, on both global and personal levels, of reason driven by an unreflective telos. This essay emphasizes the homelessness—both physical and spiritual—that Adorno and Spanos recognize as a consequence of such unrestrained Enlightenment rationality.
Spanos’s Polemos: An Oppositional Intellectual in the Age of Mundialización
Authors: Villalobos-Ruminott Sergio
Published: January 2015

From the beginning, the work of William V. Spanos has been characterized by a secular vocation, the confrontation with historical relations of power and subordination. His writings on American literature, contemporary humanities, and the Harvard Red Book, along with his critical understanding of imperial reason and his particular adaptation of Martin Heidegger’s destructive hermeneutics to the historical narrative informing humanism, the modern university, and the profession, are among his main contributions to contemporary criticism. Each of his interventions has been oriented to produce a visibility that discloses the set of metaphysical and material aspects related to contemporary intellectual practices, which makes it difficult to assign his work to any standard category (professional philosophy, postmodernism, poststructuralist criticism, etc.). In this essay, I present Spanos’s seminal work as a polemos. Indeed, more than the production of a corpus of historical or sociological knowledge, what defines his work is his radical confrontation with facticity, that is to say, with the quotidian determinations of being as historical agency. Polemos is a term crucial for Heidegger himself, already related to his particular Auseinandersetzung, and gains with Spanos historical precision and potentiality. The essay therefore reviews the oeuvre of Spanos, paying attention to its latest developments, his polemical reading of Edward Said’s secular criticism and Hannah Arendt’s problematization of the “Jewish question,” as a timely supplement to his destructive style. It is this ability to incorporate new critical approaches that makes Spanos relevant today and that will make his thought important in the future.
Bistability and pH Hysteresis of Graphene Oxide Solution in Circle Acid–Base Titration
Authors: Zhuang Qiang , Liu Heguang , Li Tiehu , Zhao Tingkai
Published: January 2015

Although the dispersion of graphene oxide in solution has been well studied, there still exists mysteries. Here the graphene oxide was synthesized by the modified Hummers method. By the circle acid–base titration, we reported a bistable and pH hysteretic behavior of the graphene oxide in aqueous solution. To interpret the phenomena, a varying pKa mechanism based on the self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets in the circle titration is proposed.
The Impacts of Microcredit: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Tarozzi Alessandro , Desai Jaikishan , Johnson Kristin
Published: January 2015

We use data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2003–2006 in rural Amhara and Oromiya (Ethiopia) to study the impacts of increasing access to microfinance on a number of socioeconomic outcomes, including income from agriculture, animal husbandry, nonfarm self-employment, labor supply, schooling and indicators of women's empowerment. We document that despite substantial increases in borrowing in areas assigned to treatment the null of no impact cannot be rejected for a large majority of outcomes. (JEL G21, I20, J13, J16, O13, O16, O18)
Estimating the Impact of Microcredit on Those Who Take It Up: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Morocco
Authors: Crépon Bruno , Devoto Florencia , Duflo Esther , Parienté William
Published: January 2015

We report results from a randomized evaluation of a microcredit program introduced in rural areas of Morocco in 2006. Thirteen percent of the households in treatment villages took a loan, and none in control villages did. Among households identified as more likely to borrow, microcredit access led to a significant rise in investment in assets used for self-employment activities, and an increase in profit, but also to a reduction in income from casual labor. Overall there was no gain in income or consumption. We find suggestive evidence that these results are mainly driven by effects on borrowers, rather than by externalities. (JEL D14, G21, J23, O12, O16, O18)
Microcredit Impacts: Evidence from a Randomized Microcredit Program Placement Experiment by Compartamos Banco
Authors: Angelucci Manuela , Karlan Dean , Zinman Jonathan
Published: January 2015

We use a clustered randomized trial, and over 16,000 household surveys, to estimate impacts at the community level from a group lending expansion at 110 percent APR by the largest microlender in Mexico. We find no evidence of transformative impacts on 37 outcomes (although some estimates have large confidence intervals), measured at a mean of 27 months post-expansion, across 6 domains: microentrepreneurship, income, labor supply, expenditures, social status, and subjective well-being. We also examine distributional impacts using quantile regressions, given theory and evidence regarding negative impacts from borrowing at high interest rates, but do not find strong evidence for heterogeneity. (JEL C83, D14, G21, I31, J23, O12, O16)
Quantification and source apportionment of the methane emission flux from the city of Indianapolis
Authors: Cambaliza M. O. L. , Shepson P. B. , Bogner J. , Caulton D. R. , Stirm B. , Sweeney C. , Montzka S. A. , Gurney K. R. , Spokas K. , Salmon O. E. , Lavoie T. N. , Hendricks A. , Mays K. , Turnbull J. , Miller B. R. , Lauvaux T. , Davis K. , Karion A. , Moser B. , Miller C. , Obermeyer C. , Whetstone J. , Prasad K. , Miles N. , Richardson S.
Published: January 2015

We report the CH4 emission flux from the city of Indianapolis, IN, the site of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) project for developing, assessing, and improving top-down and bottom-up approaches for quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions. Using an aircraft-based mass balance approach, we find that the average CH4 emission rate from five flight experiments in 2011 is 135 ± 58 (1σ) moles s-1 (7800 ± 3300 kg hr-1). The effective per capita CH4 emission rate for Indianapolis is 77 kg CH4 person-1 yr-1, a figure that is less than the national anthropogenic CH4 emission (∼91 kg CH4 person-1 yr-1) but considerably larger than the global figure (∼48 kg CH4 person-1 yr-1). We consistently observed elevated CH4 concentrations at specific coordinates along our flight transects downwind of the city. Inflight investigations as well as back trajectories using measured wind directions showed that the elevated concentrations originated from the southwest side of the city where a landfill and a natural gas transmission regulating station (TRS) are located. Street level mobile measurements downwind of the landfill and the TRS supported the results of aircraft-based data, and were used to quantify the relative contributions from the two sources. We find that the CH4 emission from the TRS was negligible relative to the landfill, which was responsible for 33 ± 10% of the citywide emission flux. A regression of propane versus methane from aircraft flask samples suggests that the remaining citywide CH4 emissions (∼67%) derive from the natural gas distribution system. We discuss the combination of surface mobile observations and aircraft city-wide flux measurements to determine the total flux and apportionment to important sources.
Does amputation offer any survival benefit over limb salvage in osteosarcoma patients with poor chemonecrosis and close margins?
Authors: Reddy K. I. A , Wafa H. , Gaston C. L. , Grimer R. J. , Abudu A. T. , Jeys L. M. , Carter S. R. , Tillman R. M.
Published: January 2015

A poor response to chemotherapy (≤ 90% necrosis) for osteosarcomas leads to poorer survival and an increased risk of local recurrence, particularly if there is a close margin of excision. We evaluated whether amputation confers any survival benefit over limb salvage surgery (LSS) with narrow margins in patients who respond poorly to chemotherapy.

We only analysed patients with an osteosarcoma of the limb, a poor response to chemotherapy and close margins on LSS (marginal/intralesional) or primary amputation: 360 patients (36 LSS (intralesional margins), 197 LSS (marginal margins) and 127 amputations) were included. Local recurrence developed in 13 (36%) following LSS with intralesional margins, and 39 (20%) following LSS with marginal margins. There was no local recurrence in patients who underwent amputation. The five-year survival for all patients was 41% (95% confidence interval (CI) 35 to 46), but for those treated by LSS with marginal margins was 46.2% (95% CI 38 to 53), 36.3% (95% CI 27 to 45) for those treated by amputation, and 28% (95 CI 14 to 44) for those treated by LSS with intralesional margins. Patients who had LSS and then developed local recurrence as a first event had the same survival as those who had primary amputation without local recurrence. Prophylactic adjuvant radiotherapy was used in 40 patients but had no discernible effect in preventing local recurrence.

Although amputation offered better local control, it conferred no clear survival benefit over LSS with marginal margins in these patients with a poor overall prognosis.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:115–20.
Avaliação do Projecto Integrado para a Prevenção do Abuso Sexual (PIPAS): Estudo preliminar
Authors: Alvarez M. J. , Marques-Pinto A. , Miranda G. , Melo R. , Baptista V. , Duarte B. , Raimundo R. , Marôco J.
Published: January 2015

Neste artigo apresenta-se um programa de prevenção do abuso sexual implementado na Casa Pia de Lisboa e respectiva avaliação e discutem-se, ainda, critérios para a avaliação de programas. No estudo de avaliação utilizou-se um design longitudinal quantitativo, por questionário, com dois momentos, pré e pós-teste, com seis meses de intervalo entre si. Os participantes (N = 188), do 3º ao 6º ano, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente por grupos controlo e experimental, respondendo a um conjunto de questionários considerados adequados para a avaliação das principais competências treinadas no programa. Os grupos não se mostraram diferentes entre o início e o final da intervenção, mas o papel do colégio e o maior número de sessões contribuíram significativamente para o aumento das competências sócio-emocionais dos jovens. Por fim, discutem-se aspectos da aplicação do programa essenciais para a compreensão dos resultados encontrados e fazem-se recomendações sobre práticas de implementação do programa que optimizem a sua eficácia.
A Influência da cultura/clima organizacional e da satisfação com o suporte social no stresse percebido
Authors: Sebastião Delfina da Conceição Camacho Barrocas , Santos Joana Vieira dos , Jesus Saúl Neves de
Published: January 2015

Esta investigação tem como finalidade investigar em que medida a cultura/clima organizacional e a satisfação com o suporte social podem influenciar o stresse percebido, e qual a relação entre as variáveis cultura e satisfação com o suporte social. Os resultados sugerem que a cultura da organização estudada, é percepcionada sobretudo como uma cultura de regras. Estes dados corroboram as investigações consultadas na revisão da literatura, que referem que esta cultura, pode ser justificada tendo em conta o passado histórico de Portugal, que assenta num forte formalismo e rigidismo, contribuindo ainda para a burocratização nas organizações. Os dados retirados da presente investigação consolidam algumas indicações prévias de que a cultura organizacional e a satisfação com o suporte social podem estar associados a um nível de bem-estar e desempenhar um papel determinante em termos de percepção psicológica do stresse. Os resultados sugerem ainda que, a cultura organizacional pode influenciar mais a satisfação com o suporte social do que o stresse percebido; e que este último por sua vez, pode ser significativamente mais influenciado pela satisfação com o suporte social.
Disfuncionalidades parentais: um caminho de conclusões erradas
Authors: Tinoco Rui , Basto Isabel
Published: January 2015

O presente trabalho efectua uma reflexão sobre a forma como os estilos e práticas parentais influenciam as interacções com as crianças e, por consequência, as suas atitudes e comportamentos. Inúmeras investigações debruçaram-se sobre o impacto dos estilos parentais. Pareceu-nos importante analisar os diferentes estilos e a congruência entre eles, a nível longitudinal e transversal. Esta coerência constitui-se como um elemento crucial na educação parental. Nas interacções entre pais e filhos surgem também atribuições e significados que por vezes modelam a relação de forma significativa. As atribuições erradas ou “etiquetas” são disso um exemplo. Assim sendo, pareceu-nos igualmente importante sistematizar as interacções e os modos como elas influem nas práticas educativas parentais, bem como as implicações para o futuro da criança. Por fim, destacamos alguns cuidados a nível da prática clínica que devem contribuir para a criação de um contexto livre de atribuições. Dever-se-á pugnar por um espaço de aceitação e promoção do desenvolvimento da criança.
Competência Percebida e Realização Escolar: Que Relações em Alunos do Ensino Secundário?
Authors: Stocker Joana , Neves Sílvia Pina , Faria Luísa
Published: January 2015

Será que alunos com níveis elevados de competência percebida (competência emocional, concepções pessoais de inteligência, auto-eficácia, auto-conceito e dimensões causais) atingem melhores resultados escolares? Para o averiguar realizámos um estudo com 385 estudantes do secundário do Porto. Administraram-se o Questionário Compósito de Competência Percebida (Faria, Stocker & Pina Neves, 2009), com 162 itens, e um Questionário Sócio-Demográfico, com 23 itens. Análises correlacionais indicam que auto-conceito e auto-eficácia são os construtos motivacionais que mais se relacionam com o rendimento, seguidos das dimensões causais, competência emocional e concepções pessoais de inteligência. Análises de regressão linear múltipla para o rendimento a Português, Matemática e global, apontam para o autoconceito, a auto-eficácia e as concepções pessoais de inteligência como principais preditores: percepções elevadas de competência e eficácia e concepções estáticas influenciam positivamente o aproveitamento, explicando os respectivos modelos, 44%, 53% e 47% da variância total, confirmando a importância da competência percebida no sucesso escolar.
Etologia e psicologia evolutiva: perspectivas evolutivas para a psicologia clínica
Authors: Lencastre Marina Prieto Afonso
Published: January 2015

A perspectiva evolutiva sobre o comportamento e o funcionamento mental permite uma mais profunda compreensão e articulação dos seus aspectos, tanto normais como patológicos. O presente artigo pretende fazer uma apresentação crítica de aspectos da etologia cultural e da psicologia evolutiva que concorrem para uma mais ampla e fundada apreciação das síndromas psicopatológicas e da psicologia clínica. O evitamento do incesto é analisado nas suas vertentes biológicas, culturais, sociais e psicológicas.
A inflação mnésica pela imaginação: Características do fenómeno e processos associados
Authors: Gouveia Sofia , Albuquerque Pedro B.
Published: January 2015

São inúmeros os estudos sobre a memória humana que têm demonstrado a sua natureza reconstrutiva e deste modo a sua falibilidade. Contudo, a necessidade de explorar factores que suscitem esta natureza reconstrutiva, como a imaginação de episódios, mantém-se. Alguns estudos demonstraram que a imaginação de episódios fictícios (que nunca aconteceram) provoca nos participantes uma tendência para aumentarem a confiança sobre a ocorrência destes episódios. A este fenómeno dá-se o nome de inflação mnésica pela imaginação (IMI). Neste artigo procuramos explicar o que é a inflação mnésica pela imaginação, como tem sido estudada, que características pessoais a potencia, e quais as implicações que as descobertas nesta área têm sobre algumas abordagens psicoterapêuticas. Na parte final do artigo são discutidos os processos cognitivos que parecem estar associados ao fenómeno, como a monitorização da fonte e a familiaridade.
O (In)Sucesso na Competição Desportiva: A influência da Aceitação e do Auto-Criticismo
Authors: Gouveia José Pinto , Xavier Ana
Published: January 2015

Tem sido evidenciada empiricamente a importância da aceitação dos acontecimentos privados (pensamentos, emoções, sensações), especialmente aqueles que são avaliados negativamente, como uma resposta contrária às tentativas de alterar, evitar ou controlar as experiências negativas cognitivas e afectivas, assim como ao auto-criticismo. O presente estudo analisa numa amostra de 106 atletas de natação, a influência da aceitação e do auto-criticismo na motivação dos atletas e na sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva experienciada, nos diferentes momentos de antecipação, durante e de reacção à competição. Os resultados mostram que a ansiedade competitiva se correlaciona negativamente com a aceitação e as competências psicológicas funcionais para o desporto. Além disso, a ansiedade competitiva apresenta correlações positivas com o auto-criticismo e a percepção de ameaça gerada pela competição. As análises de regressão mostram que a aceitação é o melhor preditor da ansiedade competitiva; o auto-criticismo é o melhor preditor da percepção de ameaça gerada pela competição.
O ageism e os maus-tratos contra a pessoa idosa
Authors: Vergueiro Maria Emília de Clara , Lima Margarida Pedroso de
Published: January 2015

Com este estudo pretendeu-se averiguar se a discriminação social com base na idade (Ageism) se relaciona com o risco de abuso, maus-tratos e/ou negligência contra as pessoas idosas. Participaram 54 sujeitos, distribuídos por dois grupos: Pessoas Idosas (N=33) e Prestadores de cuidados/assistência pontual a pessoas idosas (N=21), a quem foram administrados, para além duma entrevista sociodemográfica, um instrumento relativo aos indícios de abuso (QEEA – Questions to Elicit Elder Abuse) e instrumentos referentes ao Ageism (Ageism Survey no caso das pessoas idosas e ARPI – Relacionamento com Pessoas Idosas - no grupo de prestadores de cuidados). Os resultados apurados a nível dos índices gerais dos questionários, não permitiram encontrar nenhuma correlação entre os dois fenómenos. Contudo, uma análise mais fina a nível dos itens dos instrumentos respeitantes à discriminação social permitiu verificar a existência de correlações entre alguns desses itens e os indícios de abuso.
Transição e ajustamento de reclusos ao estabelecimento prisional
Authors: Novais Filipa Alexandra Grilo , Ferreira Joaquim Armando , Santos Eduardo Ribeiro dos
Published: January 2015

O sistema prisional e os processos inerentes ao mesmo ainda são um tema pouco explorado e abordado no nosso país, começam-se a dar os primeiros passos na compreensão não só do sistema punidor e ressocializador em si, como também procura compreender as dinâmicas envolvidas: o recluso, adaptação deste, a delinquência, a personalidade anti-social, o crime, a punição. A presente investigação, procurou através de uma abordagem qualitativa compreender as percepções e opiniões de um conjunto de reclusos quanto à sua experiência de vida na transição de um meio livre para um meio totalitário, e o ajustamento diferenciado que cada recluso fez. Através de um guião de entrevista semi-estruturado procuramos analisar seis grandes dimensões (estado de saúde, situação familiar, suporte social intra-prisão, prisão actual, transição e ajustamento, projectos futuros e resiliência) e as vivências de cada recluso nestas dimensões. Verificamos que cada caso é um caso, e para interpretar a opinião de cada recluso temos que ter em consideração vários factores, entre eles o factor familiar, factor institucional, as características individuais de cada um, a história de desenvolvimento, o tipo de crime, a percepção que cada recluso tem do mesmo, o cumprimento de pena. Só depois de uma análise e uma abordagem total ao “Self” é que poderemos tentar compreender o indivíduo no seu todo e a sua adaptação à prisão.
Fatal hyperkalemia following succinylcholine administration in a child on oral propranolol
Authors: Ganigara Anuradha , Ravishankar Chandrakala , Ramavakoda Chandrika , Nishtala Madhavi
Published: January 2015

Succinylcholine is one of the most commonly used drugs by anesthesiologists worldwide for rapid access to airway both in emergency and elective situations. Nonetheless, the very mention of succinylcholine generates the most energetic high decibel debate between its users and nonusers. Despite its potential to produce a short-acting, ultra-intense neuromuscular block rapidly in seconds, it is surrounded by a plethora of side effects and drug interactions. This case report is about one such drug interaction of this innocent yet malicious drug, which resulted in the death of a 14-year-old girl. Both β-adrenergic blockers and succinylcholine are known to cause hyperkalemia. Life-threatening hyperkalemia in susceptible individuals who have been administered succinylcholine has the most severe effect on the myocardium and can result in asystole with minimal chances of resuscitation. Both succinylcholine and a nonselective β-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, have the propensity to affect the transcellular redistribution of potassium which can result in hyperkalemia. We advocate cautious use of this drug combination till further studies confirm the drug interaction and find the potential triggering factors involved.
Trends in publications on complementary and alternative medicine in the medical literature
Authors: Treister-Goltzman Yulia , Peleg Roni
Published: January 2015

Background: Public interest in and demand for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) services have increased in recent years throughout the Western world. The aim of the study was to assess trends in publications on CAM in the medical literature between 1963 and 2012 and to compare them with overall trends in publications on medical issues.

Methods: A search of the literature was conducted on CAM and integrative medicine using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines with key search terms.

Results: Articles on CAM began to appear in the medical literature 50 years ago. Over the years there has been an increase in the number of publications. On PubMed the increase was from 15,764 to 144,288 articles from 1963 to 2012. In the decade between 1963 and 1972 publications on CAM comprised 0.81 % of all the articles appearing in PubMed. Over the course of the 50 years, the percentage increased more than twofold to 1.92 % from 2003 to 2012. On Google Scholar there were 27,170 citations related to CAM between 1963 and 1972. This increased to 2,521,430 between 2003 and 2012.

Conclusions: Over the last 50 years there has been an increase in scientific publications on CAM in general, and on specific CAM treatments in particular.
Tensions, ambivalence, and contradiction: a small story analysis of discursive identity construction in the South African workplace
Authors: Oostendorp Marcelyn , Jones Tamiryn
Published: January 2015

Recently there has been an increased focus on narratives produced within or about the workplace. A number of different analytical approaches to narrative exist and there has been quite a vigorous debate between researchers interested in life stories (or so-called big stories) and those researchers proposing an increased focus on small stories. This paper will use small story analysis (SSA) to examine workplace identity in discourses on organizational processes in one workplace in South Africa. The data for this study were collected by conducting interviews and focus group discussions with 19 members of a large South African retail company. We find that participants often introduce small stories which offer discourses that contradict or contest “official” company discourses (or the so-called sanctioned grand narrative stories). We argue that small stories can be a valuable resource to investigate organizational discourses, as participants often introduce questions of identity which do not necessarily fit the dominant organizational discourses through small stories. Small story analysis seems to be an ideal tool to investigate contradictions and inconsistencies which occur in all discourses but are typical of contexts of diversity and transformation such as the South African workplace.
Honest Services Fraud as a Criminal Breach of Fiduciary Duties
Authors: Díez Carlos Gómez-Jara
Published: January 2015

From a comparative perspective, the challenges that American courts and legislators are facing when trying to construe an honest services fraud statute are familiar. Almost all European countries have a general provision that criminalizes any breach of fiduciary duties that brings about economic harm to the principal. The comparative inquiry also helps shed light on the way in which the offense should be defined in a future statute. First, honest services fraud should be treated as a separate offense that is different from fraud; more specifically, the offense of honest services fraud should be conceived as a midpoint between fraud and embezzlement. Second, this offense—which could be defined as a “disloyalty” or “mismanagement” crime—should be construed along the lines of a derivate action for breach of fiduciary duties, although with higher standards, given that its violation triggers criminal sanctions. Third, this new disloyalty offense should include elements that are not required by current law, including whether “actual” or “reasonably foreseeable harm” is caused and whether the breach of the fiduciary duty is the proximate cause of the actual harm. The time has come to create a freestanding general disloyalty offense that requires an actual or reasonably foreseeable harm to the corporation as a prerequisite to criminal liability.
GEMIN4 functions as a coregulator of the mineralocorticoid receptor
Authors: Yang Jun , Fuller Peter J , Morgan James , Shibata Hirotaka , Clyne Colin D , Young Morag J
Published: January 2015

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Pathological activation of the MR causes cardiac fibrosis and heart failure, but clinical use of MR antagonists is limited by the renal side effect of hyperkalemia. Coregulator proteins are known to be critical for nuclear receptor-mediated gene expression. Identification of coregulators, which mediate MR activity in a tissue-specific manner, may allow for the development of novel tissue-selective MR modulators that confer cardiac protection without adverse renal effects. Our earlier studies identified a consensus motif among MR-interacting peptides, MPxLxxLL. Gem (nuclear organelle)-associated protein 4 (GEMIN4) is one of the proteins that contain this motif. Transient transfection experiments in HEK293 and H9c2 cells demonstrated that GEMIN4 repressed agonist-induced MR transactivation in a cell-specific manner. Furthermore, overexpression of GEMIN4 significantly decreased, while knockdown of GEMIN4 increased, the mRNA expression of specific endogenous MR target genes. A physical interaction between GEMIN4 and MR is suggested by their nuclear co-localization upon agonist treatment. These findings indicate that GEMIN4 functions as a novel coregulator of the MR.
A Survey on Recent Development of Large-Stroke Compliant Micropositioning Stage
Authors: Sicong Wan  , Qingsong Xu
Published: January 2015

Compliant micropositioning mechanism plays an important role in precise positioning and alignment applications. Unlike conventional guiding mechanism, compliant mechanism delivers motion through the deformation of flexible components. As a result, the movement of flexible mechanism is continuous and the structure is more compact, which makes it a hot research topic in the field of precision machine design. As the increase of demands for micropositioning stage providing large motion range and high precision, this paper conducts a state-of-the-art survey on recent development on large-stoke compliant microopsitioning stages. First, a basic introduction of the compliant micropositioning stage is presented. The type synthesis and mechanism structure design of the flexible component are reported, which are the decisive factors determining the stage performance. Then, the design method of flexure hinge is introduced. Afterwards, the development of large-stroke compliant mechanism in recent years is reviewed, and a comparison study of several typical large-stroke compliant micropositioning stage is carried out. The existing issues and future work on the large-stroke compliant micropositioning stage are summarized.
Feasible domain of Walker's unsteady wall-layer model for the velocity profile in turbulent flows
Authors: MIKHAILOV MIKHAIL D. , FREIRE ATILA P. SILVA
Published: January 2015

The present work studies, in detail, the unsteady wall-layer model of Walker et al. (1989, AIAA J., 27, 140 – 149) for the velocity profile in turbulent flows. Two new terms are included in the transcendental non-linear system of equations that is used to determine the three main model parameters. The mathematical and physical feasible domains of the model are determined as a function of the non-dimensional pressure gradient parameter (p+). An explicit parameterization is presented for the average period between bursts (), the origin of time () and the integration constant of the time dependent equation (A0) in terms of p+. In the present procedure, all working systems of differential equations are transformed, resulting in a very fast computational procedure that can be used to develop real-time flow simulators.
Pollination of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) by Africanized Honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Two Sowing Dates
Authors: CHAMBÓ EMERSON D. , OLIVEIRA NEWTON T.E. DE , GARCIA REGINA C. , DUARTE-JÚNIOR JOSÉ B. , RUVOLO-TAKASUSUKI MARIA CLAUDIA C. , TOLEDO VAGNER A.
Published: January 2015

In this study, performed in the western part of the state of Paraná, Brazil, two self-fertile hybrid commercial rapeseed genotypes were evaluated for yield components and physiological quality using three pollination tests and spanning two sowing dates. The treatments consisted of combinations of two rapeseed genotypes (Hyola 61 and Hyola 433), three pollination tests (uncovered area, covered area without insects and covered area containing a single colony of Africanized Apis mellifera honeybees) and two sowing dates (May 25th, 2011 and June 25th, 2011). The presence of Africanized honeybees during flowering time increased the productivity of the rapeseed. Losses in the productivity of the hybrids caused by weather conditions unfavorable for rapeseed development were mitigated through cross-pollination performed by the Africanized honeybees. Weather conditions may limit the foraging activity of Africanized honeybees, causing decreased cross-pollination by potential pollinators, especially the Africanized A. mellifera honeybee. The rapeseed hybrids respond differently depending on the sowing date, and the short-cycle Hyola 433 hybrid is the most suitable hybrid for sowing under less favorable weather conditions.
Idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência: adaptação à luz de Callista Roy
Authors: Freitas Maria Célia de , Guedes Maria Vilani Cavalcante , Galiza Francisca Tereza de , Nogueira Jéssica de Menezes , Onofre Marília Ribeiro
Published: January 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar o processo de adaptação de idosos que buscam, voluntariamente, residir em Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI), na cidade de Fortaleza-CE, com base no modelo teórico de Roy. Pesquisa descritiva, realizada em uma IPLI com treze idosos residentes. A coleta de dados foi por meio de entrevista, nos meses de outubro e dezembro de 2011. Os dados foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo temática. Emergiram as seguintes temáticas: Eu Físico, subdividido em sensação corporal e imagem corporal; e Eu Pessoal, subdividido em auto coerência, auto ideal e ser moral-ético-espiritual. Assim, a opção de morar em ILPI não mudou efetivamente a vida dos idosos. Estes conseguiram adaptação ao local e convivem bem com os estímulos internos e externos.