bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-Catch, Mid-Stream and Catheterised urine: A Comparative Study of Male Urinary Microbiome by Expanded Quantitative Urine Culture and Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Hrbacek Jan , Morais Daniel , Cermak Pavel , Hanacek Vitezslav , Zachoval Roman
Published: July 2021

BackgroundNumerous studies have emerged in the past decade investigating human urinary microbiota. Alterations in the microbial composition of urine have been linked to structural and functional abnormalities of the lower urinary tract. There has been considerable variation in the methodology of the studies published so far including the cornerstone of any biomedical analysis: sample collection. The aim of this study was to describe the urinary microbiota of first-catch voided urine (FCU), mid-stream voided urine (MSU) and aseptically catheterised urine in men and find the most suitable approach to urine sample collection for the purpose of male urinary microbiota investigations.ResultsForty-nine men (mean age 71.3 years) undergoing endoscopic procedures in our Department of Urology were enrolled in the study. Each of them contributed three samples: first-catch urine (FCU), mid-stream urine (MSU) and a catheterised urine sample. The samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS, n=35) and expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC, n=31). Using NGS, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla in our population. The most abundant genera (in order of relative abundance) included: Prevotella, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Porphyromonas, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Ezakiella, Escherichia and Dialister. Eighty-two of 105 samples were dominated by a single genus. FCU, MSU and catheterised urine samples differed significantly using ANOVA in three out of five alpha-diversity measures (p<0.05): estimated number of operational taxonomic units, Chao1 and abundance-based coverage estimators. There were no differences found in Simpson and Shannon indices. Beta-diversity comparisons using the PIME method (Prevalence Interval for Microbiome Evaluation) resulted in clear clustering of urine samples according to the mode of sampling.EQUC detected cultivable bacteria in 30/31 (97%) FCU and 27/31 (87%) MSU samples. Only 4/31 (13%) of catheterised urine samples showed bacterial growth.ConclusionsUrine samples obtained by transurethral catheterisation under aseptic conditions differ from spontaneously voided urine samples and represent a better reflection of urinary bladder microbiota. Catheterised urine is the most appropriate way to sample urine in future studies of urinary bladder pathological conditions and their relation to the urinary microbiota.
Structural, Magnetic, and Magnetocaloric Properties of R2NiMnO6 (R = Eu, Gd, Tb)
Authors: Shinde K.P. , Lee E.J. , Manawan Maykel , Lee A. , Park S.Y. , Jo Younghun , Ku K , Kim J.M. , Park J.S.
Published: July 2021

Double perovskite Eu2NiMnO6 (ENMO) Gd2NiMnO6 (GNMO) and Tb2NiMnO6 (TNMO) ceramic powder have been synthesized by solid-state reaction and their crystal structure, microstructure, cryogenic magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric performance have been investigated. Structural studies by using X-ray diffraction shows that all compounds crystallize in the monoclinic structure with a P21/n space group. A ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM-PM) second-order phase transition occurred in ENMO, GNMO, and TNMO around 143, 130, and 112 K, respectively. The values of maximum magnetic entropy change and relative cooling power at an applied field of 5 T are found to be 3.2, 3.8, 3.5 J/kgK and 150, 182, 176 J/kg respectively, for the studied sample. The change in structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric effect ascribed to the superexchange mechanism of Ni2+ – O – Mn3+ and Ni2+ – O – Mn4+. Due to different atomic size of Eu, Gd, Tb changes the ratio of Mn4+/Mn3+ which is responsible for the variation of properties significantly in double perovskite.
A Structured ICA-based Process for Removing Auditory Evoked Potentials Reveals TMS-evoked Potentials and TMS-modulated Oscillations
Authors: Ross Jessica M. , Ozdemir Recep A. , Lian Shu Jing , Fried Peter J. , Schmitt Eva M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Shafi Mouhsin M.
Published: July 2021

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (TEPs), recorded using electroencephalography (EEG), reflect a combination of TMS-induced cortical activity and multi-sensory responses to TMS. The auditory evoked potential (AEP) is a high-amplitude sensory potential—evoked by the “click” sound produced by every TMS pulse—that can dominate the TEP and obscure observation of other neural components. The AEP is peripherally evoked and therefore should not be stimulation site specificObjectives/Methods: We address the problem of disentangling the peripherally evoked AEP of the TEP from components evoked by cortical stimulation and ask whether removal of AEP enables more accurate isolation of TEP. We hypothesized that isolation of the AEP using Independent Components Analysis (ICA) would reveal features that are stimulation site specific and unique individual features. In order to improve the effectiveness of ICA for removal of AEP from the TEP, and thus more clearly separate the transcranial-evoked and non-specific TMS-modulated potentials, we merged sham and active TMS datasets representing multiple stimulation conditions, removed the resulting AEP component, and evaluated performance across different sham protocols and clinical populations using reduction in Global and Local Mean Field Potentials (GMFA/LMFA) and cosine similarity analysis.Results: We show that removing AEPs significantly reduced GMFA and LMFA in the post-stimulation TEP (14 to 400 ms), driven by time windows consistent with the N100 and P200 temporal characteristics of AEPs. Cosine similarity analysis supports that removing AEPs reduces TEP similarity between subjects and reduces TEP similarity between stimulation conditions. Similarity is reduced most in a mid-latency window consistent with the N100 time-course, but nevertheless remains high in this time window. Residual TEP in this window has a time-course and topography unique from AEPs, which follow-up analyses suggest could be a modulation in the alpha band that is not stimulation site specific but is unique to individual subject.Conclusion(s): We show, using two datasets and two implementations of sham, evidence in cortical topography, TEP time-course, GMFA/LMFA and cosine similarity analyses that this procedure is effective and conservative in removing the AEP from TEP, and thereby reveals better defined TMS-evoked activity. We show TEP remaining in early, mid and late latencies. The early response is site and subject specific. Later responses are consistent with TMS-modulated alpha activity that is not site specific but is unique to the individual. TEP remaining after removal of AEP is unique and can provide insight into TMS-evoked potentials and other modulated oscillatory dynamics.
Molecular Identification of a Novel Iflavirus in Brown-Spotted Pitvipers (Protobothrops Mucrosquamatus)
Authors: Tian Zhige , Deng Ying , Cao Hongzhi , Zheng Miaomiao , Li Ke , Li Yan , Jiang Furong , Tang Ting , Yu Min , Zhang Anting , Xia Xue , Guo Peng , Hu Xiaoliang
Published: July 2021

Background: Iflaviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, positive-stranded RNA genomes, which are identified in arthropod hosts, primarily infecting insect species. Herein, we firstly identify the sequence of an iflavirus (YB-PMP20) found in brown-spotted pitvipers in China. Results: The sequence of YB-PMP20 showed high identity to the sequences of Hubei picorna-like virus (HUPV) (99.2% in nt), Vespa velutina-associated iflavirus like virus (VVAIV) (58.6% in nt) and Lygus lineolaris virus (LyIV-1) (46.6% in nt) in nucleotides encoding polyproteins. It contained a single large ORF (304–9291 nt) encoding 2996 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences were compared with those of iflavirus. Helicase, protease and the RdRp domain were found to be located at the 3´ end, and structural genes (VP1, VP2 and VP3) were found to be located at the 5´ end. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that YB-PMP20 belongs to the iflavirus cluster, and is similar to HUPV, LyIV-1 and VVAIV. Conclusion: The present study described the genetic characterization of a PmIFV strain in brown-spotted pitvipers. Our genomic data extend knowledge of the diversity of viruses in snakes.
Bar-cas12a, a Novel and Rapid Method for Plant Species Authentication: A Case of Phyllanthus Species
Authors: Buddhachat Kittisak , Paenkaew Suphaporn , Sripai Nattaporn , Gupta Yash Munnalal , Pradit Waranee , Chomdej Siriwadee
Published: July 2021

The rapid and accurate species diagnosis accelerates the performance to investigate various biology fields and its relevant, perhaps but morphology-based species taxonomy/identification hamper. DNA barcodes (Bar) has been employed extensively for plant species identification. Recently, CRISPR-cas system can be applied for diagnostic tool to detect pathogen’s DNA based on the collateral activity of cas12a or cas13. Here, we developed barcode-hyphenated with cas12a assay, “Bar-cas12a” for species authentication using Phyllanthus amarus as a model. The gRNAs were designed from trnL region, namely gRNA-A and gRNA-B. As a result, gRNA-A was highly specific to P. amarus amplified by RPA in contrast to gRNA-B even in contaminated condition. Apart from the large variation of gRNA-A binding in DNA target, cas12a- specific PAM’s gRNA-A as TTTN can be found only in P. amarus. PAM site may be recognized one of the potential regions for increasing specificity to authenticate species. In addition, the sensitivity of Bar-cas12a using both gRNAs gave the same detection limit at 0.8 fg and it was 1,000 times more sensitive compared to agarose gel electrophoresis. Overall, Bar-cas12a using trnL-designed gRNA offer a highly specific, sensitive, speed, and simple approach for plant species authentication and is likely to implement point-of-care testing.
Optimal Strategy to Certify Quantum Nonlocality
Authors: Gómez S. , Uzcátegui D. , Machuca I. , Gómez E. S. , Walborn S. P. , Lima G. , Goyeneche D.
Published: July 2021

Certification of quantum nonlocality plays a central role in practical applications like device-independent quantum cryptography and random number generation protocols. These applications entail the challenging problem of certifying quantum nonlocality, something that is hard to achieve when the target quantum state is only weakly entangled, or when the source of errors is high, e.g. when photons propagate through the atmosphere or a long optical fiber. Here we introduce a technique to find a Bell inequality with the largest possible gap between the quantum prediction and the classical local hidden variable limit for a given set of measurement frequencies. Our method represent an efficient strategy to certify quantum nonlocal correlations from experimental data without requiring extra measurements, in the sense that there is no Bell inequality with a larger gap than the one provided. Furthermore, we also reduce the photodetector efficiency required to close the detection loophole. We illustrate our technique by improving the detection of quantum nonlocality from experimental data obtained with weakly entangled photons.
Increased Abscisic Acid Sensitivity And Drought Stress By Overexpression of Abscisic Acid Receptors In Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Qing Li , Qianqian Tian , Yue Zhang , Mengxue Niu , Xiaoqian Yu , Conglong Lian , Chao Liu , Weilun Yin , Xinli Xia
Published: July 2021

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key plant hormone that regulates plant growth development and stress response. ABA is recognized and bound by ABA Receptor PYR/PYL/RCAR (referred to as PYLs). However, little is known about the PYLs gene family in Populus euphratica. Here, we identified 12 PYLs in P. euphratica and named PePYL1-12. Phylogenetic analysis divided the 12 PePYLs into three subfamilies. Subcellular localization showed that PePYL2, PePYL4, PePYL5, PePYL6, and PePYL9 were located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, PePYL10 localized in the nucleus. The promoter of 12 PePYLs contains hormones- and abiotic stress-related cis-acting elements. Moreover, ABA and drought significantly up-regulation the expression of PePYL6 and PePYL9. To study the performance of PePYLs under ABA and drought stress, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PePYL6 and PePYL9. Compared with wild type, transgenic Arabidopsis enhanced ABA sensitivity during seed germination and root growth, improved water use efficiency and drought resistance. Taken together, our results confirmed that PePYL6 and PePYL9 play a positive role in ABA-mediated stress responses in P. euphratica.
Interface Modeling for the Ab Initio Evaluation of the Water Contact Angle on a Metallic Cu(111) Surface
Authors: Murono Takahiro , Hongo Kenta , Nakano Kousuke , Maezono Ryo
Published: July 2021

Controlling the water contact angle on a surface is important for regulating its wettability in industrial applications. Therefore, it is crucial to develop ab initio evaluation methods that can accurately predict this angle. The ab initio predictions require an adsorption structure model for the adsorption of liquid molecules on a surface, but the construction of this model depends on whether the test surface comprises an insulating or metallic material because the surface reconstruction takes quite a different form in each case. Previous studies have focused on the estimation of the water contact angle on insulators; however, this study elucidates the water contact angle on a metallic surface, Cu(111). Because the feasibility of ab initio evaluations depends on the approximation of liquid–gas interface energy, which can be roughly estimated through the interface energy of crystal ice, it is natural to use the periodic-honeycomb array of water molecules as the adsorption model for the water on the surface. However, despite the successful application of the periodic model for ab initio prediction of the water contact angle on insulating surfaces, applying this model to metallic surfaces has not provided satisfactory predictions that reproduce experimental values. Therefore, in this study, we propose the use of models with isolated water oligomers for the ab initio prediction of the water contact angle on a metallic surface, which achieved an accurate prediction. The ambiguity of the models based on the size and coverage of the oligomers was small (∼ ±10 °), which was averaged out to give a plausible value based on the Boltzmann weight with the adsorbing energies. The proposed procedure can be used to estimate the wettability of the surfaces of other metallic materials.
Differences Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Histological Distribution of Residual Tumor After Induction Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Nomori Hiroaki , Shiraishi Atsushi , Honma Koichi , Shoji Kazufusa , Otsuki Ayumu , Cong Yue , Sugimura Hiroshi , Oyama Yu
Published: July 2021

Aims: To facilitate dose planning for convergent beam radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tumor response and histological distribution of residual tumors after induction chemoradiotherapy (ICRT) were compared between adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQ). Methods: Ninety-five patients with N1-2 or T3-4 NSCLC were treated with ICRT followed by surgery; 55 had AD and 40 had SQ. For the evaluation of distribution of residual tumors, the location of the external margin of residual tumors was assessed on surgical materials as follows: radius of whole tumor (“a”); distance between the center of tumor and the external margin of residual tumor (“b”); and its location (“b/a”). Results: Of the 55 AD cases, 8 (15%) showed pathological complete remission, which was significantly less frequent than 22 of 40 SQ cases (55%) (p<0.001). AD showed the residual tumors at the most periphery of tumor (b/a=1.0) more frequently than SQ, i.e., 39/55 (71%) versus 6/40 (15%), respectively (p<0.001). Even in 65 cases other than the pathological complete remission, external margins in 47 AD cases located more periphery than those in 18 SQ cases, of which mean b/a values were 0.97 ± 0.17 and 0.70 ± 0.29, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: AD showed worse tumor response to ICRT than SQ. After ICRT, AD remained at the periphery of primary tumor more frequently than SQ. It seems that, also in the convergent beam radiotherapy, the periphery part of AD would be more resistant than that of SQ.
Multiscale Mixed Hydrodynamics in Line Contacts
Authors: Zhang Yongbin
Published: July 2021

In the hydrodynamic line contact, there is a very thin layer physically adsorbed to the solid surface. When the surface separation is sufficiently small, the Hertzian contact zone will be completely filled with the boundary layer, while in most of the inlet zone still occurs continuum hydrodynamics, which lies between the mated adsorbed layers. The present paper studies this mixed hydrodynamics by a multiscale analysis. The boundary layer flows are simulated from the flow factor approach model; The intermediate continuum fluid flow is simulated from the continuum fluid model. The flow equations are given respectively for the boundary layers and for the intermediate continuum fluid. The final governing equation has been obtained relating the surface separation to the solid surface speeds and the carried load. The calculation results show that for a high rolling speed the hydrodynamic behavior in the contact agrees with the classical hydrodynamic theory; However for a critically low rolling speed it gives the surface separation greatly higher than that calculated from the classical hydrodynamic theory, showing the significant adsorbed layer effect.
Shooting blanks: extreme climate event promotes phenological mismatch between sexes in hibernating ground squirrels
Authors: Kucheravy Caila E. , Waterman Jane M. , Anjos Elaine A.C. , Hare James F. , Enright Chris , Berkvens Charlene
Published: July 2021

Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are thus vulnerable to extreme climate events that affect key periods in their annual cycle. Here, we observed how a heatwave in March 2012 led to a phenological mismatch between sexes in Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii). Females emerged from hibernation and commenced breeding earlier in 2012 relative to average female emergence. Despite external indicators suggesting that males were prepared for breeding, it appeared that not all males were physiologically prepared since 58.6% of males had non-motile sperm when breeding commenced. We found that males with non-motile sperm had smaller accessory glands than males with motile sperm. Body condition, relative testes size, and the relative size of accessory glands were significant predictors of sperm motility. There was no difference in litter size among years, nor a decrease in the number of juveniles emerged in 2012 or female yearlings recruited in 2013. The impact of this heatwave on male ground squirrels emphasizes the importance of assessing the consequences of climate change on breeding success of hibernating species in both sexes, since the different cues for emergence led to a mismatch in timing under this event.
Work Process of Primary Health care Teams in Brazil from Rural/Urban Municipal Typology: A National Evaluation Study
Authors: Lemos Messias , Cunha Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo , Pinheiro Helder Henrique Costa , Bastos Maria do Socorro Castelo Branco de Oliveira , Lourenção Luciano Garcia , de Sá Naiza Nayla Bandeira , Pereira Átila Augusto Cordeiro , Ferreira Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff , Santos José Luís Guedes dos
Published: July 2021

Background: In Brazil, primary health care assumes the challenge of organizing and articulating health care networks, based on the performance of multidisciplinary teams linked to basic health units. Given that there are limited studies on the organization of the work process of primary health care teams in Brazilian municipalities that consider the rural-urban typology proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, this study aims to analyze the work process of primary health care teams in Brazilian municipalities.Methods: Quantitative evaluation was conducted using secondary data from the third cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) and the Rural/Urban Classification of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Overall, 37,350 teams that participated in all levels of the PMAQ-AB external evaluation were included. The descriptive analysis considered three axes: 1) territorialization, 2) action planning, and 3) monitoring and self-evaluation. Multiple correspondence analyses were used to verify the relationships between the variables and municipal classifications.Results: Teams from adjacent rural municipalities had the lowest percentage of uncovered population in the territory (21.0%), while those from urban municipalities had the highest percentage with reference population >3,500 people/team (43.0%). It was found that 5,446 (15.1%) teams did not carry out planning, and the highest percentage of teams that executed planning was in the urban strata (85.7%). Monitoring performance was observed in 87.9% of the teams, with approximation of the values among the municipal strata with similar characteristics of location; self-evaluation showed the highest percentage in the adjacent intermediate stratum (90.4%). It was possible to identify three groups of teams with distinct characteristics of territorialization and two groups in relation to planning, monitoring, and self-evaluation.Conclusion: The results suggest important differences in the work process of primary health care teams, which vary according to the characteristics of the municipalities in which they are located.
Novel Process Combined Extrusion And Severe Plastic Deformation For Plate Component With Rib-Web Structure of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Zhu Nanyang , Sun Chaoyang , Qian Lingyun , Wang Mingjia , Li Xintong
Published: July 2021

Plates with rib-web structure of magnesium alloys can hardly fabricated through conventional method. In this work, the variable circular channel angular extrusion (VCCAE) combined extrusion and severe plastic deformation is proposed, in which billet undergoes severe deformation at several variable circular angular channel. The FE model for VCCAE of scaling plate with ribs is established and the experimental set up is designed. The feasibility of the novel process and the accuracy of the FE model are validated by the simulations and experiments. Stress state and the effective strain distribution in longitudinal section and cross section are analyzed. The results show that stress and strain distribution in longitudinal section is extremely inhomogeneous, and obvious stress concentration at the shear plane is founded. The microstructure in angular region is more uniform and finer, which validate that the severe shear deformation induced by the angular channel in the VCCAE process could promote the deformation uniformity and grain refinement. The results of numerical simulation and experiments demonstrate that the VCCAE process proposed in this paper is feasible and it has great potential to manufacture high-performance plate with ribs.
Development and Validation of a Model for Soil Wetting Geometry Under Moistube Irrigation
Authors: Dirwai T. L. , Senzanje A. , Mabhaudhi T.
Published: July 2021

We developed an empirical soil wetting geometry model for silty clay loam and coarse sand soils under a semi-permeable porous wall line source Moistube Irrigation (MTI) lateral irrigation. The model was developed to simulate vertical and lateral soil water movement using the Buckingham pi (π) theorem. This study was premised on a hypothesis that soil hydraulic properties influence soil water movement under MTI. Two independent, but similar experiments, were conducted to calibrate and validate the model using MTI lateral placed at a depth of 0.2 m below the soil surface in a soil bin with a continuous water supply (150 kPa). Soil water content was measured every 5 minutes for 100 h using MPS-2 sensors. Model calibration showed that soil texture influenced water movement (\(p\) < 0.05) and showed a good fit for wetted widths and depths for both soils ( \(nRMSE\) = 0.5% − 10%; \(NSE \ge\) 0.50; and d-index \(\ge\) 0.50. The percentage bias \(\left(PBIAS\right)\) statistic revealed that the models’ under-estimated wetted depth after 24 h by 21.9% and 3.9% for silty clay loam and sandy soil respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed an agreeable models’ performance values. This implies the applicability of the model for estimating wetted distances for an MTI lateral placed at 0.2 m. However, further experimentation under varying scenarios for which MTI would be used, including field conditions, is needed to further validate the model and establish robustness. MTI wetting geometry informs placement depth for optimal irrigation water usage.
Exogenous microRNA 322-5p Reduced Neuronal Inflammation via the TRAF6/IRF5/NF-kB Axis and Restored GAD1/GABA Expression in a Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Rat Model
Authors: Zhou Qin , He Baomei , Kong Haibo , Wang Yanru , Wang Wenlan
Published: July 2021

Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Some dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to play essential roles in epileptic development. This study aimed to determine if microRNA-322-5p regulates seizure and seizure damage by targeting the NFκB-TLR4 associated inflammatory signaling pathway.Methods: Pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat model was established. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the pathology of epilepsy. The expression of microRNA-322-5p, inflammatory markers, NF-kB, TLR4, IL-1β and IL-6, and synaptic inhibitory molecules, GAD1 and GABA, were assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting, respectively.Results: The expression of microRNA-322-5p was significantly decreased in the SE (status epilepticus) rats compared with the normal counterparts. The reduction of miR-322-5p was accompanied by an increased level of pro‑inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α via increased NF-kB expression and reduced GAD1 and GABA expression. The exogenously increased miR-322-5p level by mimic molecules significantly reduced the inflammatory profiles and increased GAD1 and GABA expressions in the S.E. rat brain compared to nontreated counterparts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the restoration of miR-322-5p resulted in a significantly reduced TRL4/IRF1/NF-kb associated inflammatory circuit and increased GAD1 and GABA expression. These findings suggest that miR-322-5p induction may be of therapeutic potential for neural damage as a result of repeated epileptic episodes.
Tranexamic Acid in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Tao , Ding Huiru , Xue Renmin
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTranexamic acid, as a hemostatic drug, is widely used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss. The efficacy of tranexamic acid in promoting good clinical outcomes, reducing mortality, and the occurrence of adverse events during treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage remains unclear.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched for randomized-controlled trials (from1980 to 2021) following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. We performed STATA 16.0 and RevMan 5.3 for statistical analysis. Fixed-effect model (M-H method) and effect size RR (95% CI) were used as a pooled measure to combine the heterogeneous data. We also performed post hoc sensitivity analyses and conducted subgroup analyses to evaluate each outcome with low heterogeneity results.ResultsMeta-analysis showed that tranexamic acid was associated with reduced rebleeding(RR 0.72 [0.59, 0.87], p= 0.0008; I2:0%, p = 0.51). Tranexamic acid probably has no effect on good clinical outcome or mortality (RR 0.98 [0.92,1.04], p = 0.51; I2: 0%, p = 0.60; RR 1.01 [0.88,1.15], p=0.91; I2:0%, p = 0.51).TXA was associated with increased hydrocephalus (RR 1.13 [1.02, 1.24], p = 0.02; I2:0%, p = 0.61), DCI (RR 1.70 [1.34, 2.16], p < 0.0001; I2: 0%, p= 0.84) and seizure (RR 1.46 [1.00, 2.14], p= 0.05),The rate for thromboembolic complications were similar in both groups(RR 0.91 [0.63, 1.31], p = 0.62;I2: 0%, p = 0.73). There was significant drug related overall adverse events (RR 1.21 [1.11, 1.32], p < 0.0001; I2: 29%, p = 0.14).Conclusions﻿In patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, these findings indicate that it does not support the routine use of TXA.
Joining host/guest with contrary affinity at the nanoscale by chemical bonds or non-covalent interactions with organic media under diffusion: control of embedded versus exposed magnetite dispersions.
Authors: Jansat Susanna , Moncusí Mercè
Published: July 2021

Emulating natural dynamism distributing earth minerals using diffusion and gravity, herein it is reported a strategy to unite nanostructured materials of similar size but intrinsic physical repellence, magnetite guest bestowed with C18 alkyl chain ligands and highly hydrophilic ammonium dawsonite NH4Al(OH)2CO3 host, based in electromagnetic and chemical forces. Notwithstanding augmented polarity of nanostructured surface’s carrier, has been used as fine-tuning tool in conjunction with continuum, for triggering a disseminated array of specific interactions covering entire carrier NH4+-RDW-NP periphery. Strong interactions heighten enthalpic contributions balancing unfavourable entropic penalty. Shelter adsorbs diffused guest like conventional Fe3O4-NP dispersions but additionally, whether restricts void’s access or, sinters carrier enabling isolation of a second morphology where magnetite is quantitatively embedded into cavities left between agglomerates. Reported deposition protocol extends sort of practical interactions beyond the known dipole-dipole derived ones, to ion-p and truly chemical coordination bonds, strengthening wetting interfaces that define noticeable g-Al2O3 crystalline domains at minor temperatures. Manuscript illustrates how certain organic media may assist to reliable guest depositions in, hydrotalcite to alumina carriers within controlled morphology, at the same weight level than common procedures reported for more akin host/guest. Interestingly, protocol enables practical SBET measurements for solids with significative contributions of interparticle porosity. Detrimental effects are also addressed.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of posterolateral cerebellum and prefrontal cortex for fNIRS-driven cerebellar tES
Authors: Singh Shubh Mohan , Kumar Kavya Narendra , Walia Pushpinder , Ranjan Shashi , Rezaee Zeynab , Lahiri Uttama , Dutta Anirban
Published: July 2021

Abstract—Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) has been shown to facilitate standing balance in stroke survivors where a good general linear model fit was found in the latent space between the mean lobular ctDCS electric field strength with the oxy-hemoglobin concentrations (HbO) from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and log10-transformed electroencephalogram (EEG) bandpower at the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the sensorimotor cortex in the responders. Recent works have also found that the infra-slow activity (0.01–0.10 Hz) and delta band (0.5–4 Hz) activity propagated in opposite directions between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Therefore, in this study, we tested the feasibility of fNIRS of cerebellum and PFC where infra-slow (0.01–0.10 Hz) PFC HbO activity was used to drive (phase amplitude coupling) 4Hz cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (ctACS) at right lobules VI-CrusI/II-VIIb. We found that 2mA ctDCS evoked similar HbO response across cerebellum and PFC brain regions (a=0.01); however, 2mA ctACS evoked HbO across brain regions that was statistically different (a=0.01). Clinical Relevance—We showed the feasibility of fNIRS of cerebellum and PFC, and fNIRS-driven ctACS at 4Hz that may facilitate cognitive function via the frontoparietal network in cerebellar cognitive affective/Schmahmann syndrome.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN SERVANT, MOTIVASI, KOMPENSASI, DAN IKLIM ORGANISASI TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
Authors: Novita Ari Tri
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepemimpinan melayani, motivasi, kompensasi, iklim organisasi terhadap perilaku kewargaan organisasional pada karyawan Kerupuk Ninda Rasa Kabupaten Klaten. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah 40 karyawan Kerupuk Ninda Rasa Kabupaten Klaten. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah accidental/haphazard sampling (pengambilan sesaat). Hasil menunjukan tidak ada pengaruh signifikan antara variabel kepemimpinan servant terhadap variabel perilaku kewargaan organisasional. Kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap perilaku kewargaan organisasional sementara iklim organisasi tidak signifikan terhadap perilaku kewargaan organisasional. Kata kunci: kepemimpinan melayani, motivasi, kompensasi, iklim organisasi, perilaku kewargaan organisasional ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the serving leadership, motivation, compensation, organizational climate on organizational citizenship behavior of the employees of Kerupuk Ninda Rasa, Klaten Regency. The population in the study were 40 employees of Kerupuk Ninda Rasa, Klaten Regency. The sampling technique utilized in this research is accidental/haphazard sampling. The results show that there is no significant effect between the servant leadership variable and the organizational citizenship behavior variable. Compensation has significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior while organizational climate is not significant on organizational citizenship behavior. Keywords: servant leadership, motivation, compensation, organizational climate, organizational citizenship behavior
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, DISIPLIN KERJA, DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Palupi Dyah Ayu Puri
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti pengaruh variabel kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja, dan komunikasi pada kinerja karyawan di CV. Anugrah Garmindo. Sebuah model pengembangan manajemen menguji pengaruh antara variabel konstruk. Model ini menguji pengaruh antara variabel kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja, dan komunikasi pada kinerja karyawan di CV. Anugrah Garmindo. Hasilnya menunjukkan ada hasil yang cukup signifikan pada model penelitian ini. Koefisiennya menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja, dan komunikasi berpengaruh signifikan positif pada kinerja karyawan. Keterbatasan penelitian ini meliputi metodologi laporan ini sendiri yang mengukur data persepsi dengan serangkaian kuesioner. Terdapat aplikasi praktis bagi para pimpinan di lingkungan CV. Anugrah Garmindo untuk meningkatkan perhatian pada disiplin kerja karyawan secara periodik dan mempertahankan komunikasi yang sudah baik dengan mengadakan evaluasi secara berkala untuk menilai sikap dalam bekerja sehingga kinerja karyawan meningkat. Kata kunci: kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja, komunikasi, kinerja ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate leadership, work discipline, and communication and their impact on the employee’s performance. A management development model examines the impact among the measurable constructs. The model explores the impact among leadership, work discipline, and communication on employee’s performance in CV. Anugrah Garmindo. The results indicate there is a goodness of fit for research model. The coefficient explained that the leadership, work discipline, and communication have positive and significant impact to employee’s performance in the management model. The limitations include the self-report methodology that measures perceptual data with a series of questionairre items. There are practical applications for management development specialists and the model supports an environment in which leaders are encouraged to increase their ability to give more attention to their employee’s work discipline and it will increase the employee’s performance. Keywords: leadership, work discipline, communication, performance
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA, KOMPENSASI, DAN MOTIVASI INTRINSIK TERHADAP LOYALITAS KARYAWAN
Authors: Klaudia Lulut , Prayekti Prayekti , Herawati Jajuk
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lingkungan kerja, kompensasi, motivasi intrinsik terhadap loyalitas karyawan pada karyawan Waroeng Spesial Sambal Yogyakarta. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 karyawan Waroeng Spesial Sambal Yogyakarta dan dipersempit dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin menjadi 46 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah accidental sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner, survei langsung, dan skala pengukuran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan skala  Likert. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh antara lingkungan kerja terhadap loyalitas karyawan, kompensasi tidak ada pengaruh terhadap loyalitas karyawan sedangkan motivasi intrinsik ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas karyawan. Kata kunci: lingkungan kerja, kompensasi motivasi intrinsik, loyalitas karyawan ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the work environment, compensation, intrinsic motivation on employee loyalty to employees of Waroeng Spesial Sambal Yogyakarta. The population in this study were 100 employees of Waroeng Spesial Sambal Yogyakarta and narrowed it down by using the Slovin formula to 46 respondents. The sampling technique in this study was accidental sampling. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire, direct survey, and the measurement scale used in this study was a Likert scale. The results show that there is no influence between work environment on employee loyalty, compensation has no effect on employee loyalty, while intrinsic motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee loyalty. Keywords: work environment, intrinsic motivation compensation, employee loyalty
Fleeing to World’s End today (Floreana, Galápagos): Microislandness in a global changing world
Authors: del Campo Tejedor Alberto , Ruiz-Ballesteros Esteban
Published: July 2021

Floreana, the smallest and least inhabited island in the Galapagos, is considered both a “hell” and a “paradise”; a remote and isolated place and, at the same time, a context that today has more comforts and privileges than the Mainland. Extensive ethnography developed over a decade, which analyses the practices, discourses and tactics of the islanders and other social actors, shows how Floreana residents live with high levels of transformation, resemanticise, and creatively blend elements of continuity and innovation. The historical and anthropological analysis of anthropisation on this island reveals a process characterised by dynamism, paradox, and ambivalence, resulting in unique tactics of empowerment by a heterogeneous population that has, nonetheless, generated a strong local identity. The study describes a complex microislandness, in which isolation and hyper-connectivity are compatible, and where State wages, environmental protectionism, tourism, the Internet, and other global features do not impede but rather favour the concept of fleeing to and living ‘at World’s End’ in an experience that resituates the local within the global.
Art and the Senses for Ocean Conservation
Authors: Boswell Rosabelle
Published: July 2021

This paper considers the role of art in ocean conservation. Drawing on the presentations and work of two artists featured in the One Ocean Hub Art and Emotions webinar hosted during the UN World Ocean Week, the paper focuses specifically on the sensorial nature of art and of human beings and the role that art can play in advancing ocean conservation. The main argument offered is that ocean conservation plans and policies should consider the importance of humans to ocean conservation, the importance of human artistic endeavour to ocean activism and finally the importance of the sensory to human experience. Acknowledging and recognising the importance of human sensory experience in relation to the sea, can nuance existing discourses of ocean use and benefits, revealing human priorities and potential obstacles to conservation. Third, by leveraging human sensory expression through art, ocean conservation advocates may be able to refine and produce more effective communication for ocean conservation. Finally, recognising the sensory (and the artistic) is key to reorienting humanity as it enters a post-anthropocentric age, marked by dramatic ecological change.
Analysis of the Conditions and Characteristics of Japanese Migrant Fishing Villages in Ulsan
Authors: Kong Mi-Hee
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to explore how Japan expanded its fishery bases in Joseon and colonized and ruled the coastal and offshore areas of Joseon and its fishery industry by analyzing the conditions and characteristics of Japanese migrant fishing villages in Ulsan. This study also examined how the private exchange between Joseon and Japanese people was formed during the colonial era. There were free-migration fishing villages, such as Sinam, Sejukpo, Ilsanjin, and Jeongja, where Japanese fishermen migrated and settled to make a living and earn personal incomes by catching fish, such as sardines, sole, and cero. In the case of Jeonhari, it was initially an aid-migration fishing village, which was formed as the Shimane Prefecture government offered aid grants to have fishermen migrate and later more Japanese fishermen migrated by their free will. Bangeojin was a migrant fishing village formed based on the combination of free migration and aid migration. The establishment of those migrant fishing villages was managed as part of Japan’s colonial policies as the Japanese government intended to colonize Joseon. The Japanese government aimed to obtain the fishery resources of Joseon, and there was also a strategic intention to have Japanese people migrate to geographically important spots in the Korean peninsula and have a militarily competitive edge. It was also found that the fish caught in migrant fishing villages were carried to Japan to be used for military food procurement in times of war, as seen in Sinam, Sejukpo, and Bangeojin. The early process of the colonization of Joseon was confirmed through the Association of Japanese People formed in Bangeojin, which gave Japanese people the privilege to engage in commerce in Joseon and supported Japanese settlers, groups, and organizations that aided in the colonization of Joseon. Lastly, this study analyzed how private exchange between Joseon and Japanese people was formed during the colonial era. There were conflicts between Joseon and Japanese people at red-light districts, public baths, and schools. Conversely, the records about the Joseon person hired by a Japanese store owner and a Joseon person who gave considerations to Japanese people showed personal trust and friendly attitude between civilians beyond the relationship between colonizers and the colonized at a governmental level.
Povijesni slojevi teksta Bhagavadgīte – predaja teksta, proširenja i preoblike pouke
Authors: Ježić Mislav
Published: July 2021

Bhagavadgītā se nerijetko smatra najsvetijom hinduističkom pjesmom.

Mnogi su se okušali u njenu tumačenju, a među filolozima nerijetki, počev od Wilhelma von Humboldt, i u utvrđivanju povijesti njena teksta koji nosi tragove višestrukih prerada. Iako su neki došli do točnih zapažanja o nekim šavovima u tekstu (Friedrich Otto Schrader, Hermann Oldenberg, Hermann Jacobi), a neki i bliže cjelovitijoj slici povijesti teksta (Jarl Charpentier, Angelika Malinar, Gajanan Shripad Khair, Purushottam Lal Bhargava), mnogi su dobri znalci, obeshrabreni nesigurnošću utvrđivanja povijesti teksta, više voljeli tumačiti ga kao nedjeljivu cjelinu (Paul Deussen, Douglas Hill, Etienne Lamotte, Franklin Edgerton, Robert Zaehner).

Ipak je između 1970-ih i 2009. došlo do vrlo točnih zaključaka o slojevima teksta, koji su dobrim dijelom oko 2000-tih prihvaćeni u međunarodnoj znanosti. Ti zaključci pokazuju da su u Bhagavadgītu u raznim vremenima ugrađivani nazori većega broja filozofskih sustava (sāṃkhya, yoga, pūrvamīmāṃsā, vedānta – monistička i teistička), da su ugrađene i – nerijetko prešutne – polemike s nizom nazora (osobito s buddhizmom – u više navrata – ali i s Vedama, yogom, s monističkom vedāntom i s dharmaśāstrom). Pouke i pobude Gīte veoma su obuhvatne i inovativne jer proizlaze iz mnogobrojnih premisa.

Taj ishod analiza teksta s jedne je strane prihvaćen od niza znanstvenika u svijetu (John Brockington, Georg von Simson, Horst Brinkhaus, Gavin Flood, Przemyslaw Szczurek, Ivan Andrijanić, Robert Zydenbos i dr.), ali ga s druge osporavaju neki zapadni postmodernistički religiolozi (Alf Hiltebeitel), kao i neki kolege indijskoga podrijetla senzibilizirani protiv zapadnoga »orijentalizma« i
analitičnosti (Vishwa Adluri, Joydeep Bagchi). To što oni ne uočavaju tumačeći Bhagavadgītu može se najbolje oslikati usporedbom s posjetiteljem umjetničkoga spomenika religijske naravi koji se je stoljećima preuređivao, kakva je splitska katedrala.

Ako bi takav posjetitelj smatrao da svetost i umjetnička vjerodostojnost
spomenika ovisi o tome je li izgrađen odjednom, od jednoga graditelja s
jedinstvenom zamišlju, tada ne bi mogao uočiti složen, gdjekada polemičan, bogat i dojmljiv način na koji takav spomenik prenosi svoje poruke. A to je plod duge i složene povijesti splitske katedrale koja je
prvo bila mauzolej rimskoga cara, a poslije postala crkvom posvećenom njegovim žrtvama, prolazeći potom kroz niz pregradnja i »reinterpretacija«.

U povijesti umjetnosti takve su predrasude rjeđe nego u proučavanju svetih tekstova. Zato prikladan primjer umjetničkoga spomenika religijske naravi, kao što je splitska katedrala Uznesenja B. D. Marije,
posvećena i sv. Dujmu i sv. Stašu, može dobro oslikati kako bismo trebali razumjeti književni i filozofski spomenik kao što je Bhagavadgītā, koja je proživjela usporedivo složenu povijest.
Sokrat i Epiktet vs. prva i druga generacija sofista
Authors: Plećaš Tamara
Published: July 2021

U radu se ispituje razlika između filozofije i sofistike. Preciznije, raspravlja se o onome što razlikuje Sokrata od sofista svoga vremena te o
onome što razlikuje Epikteta od sofista uopće. Dok su sofisti bili prvi
profesionalni učitelji, Epiktet slovi za jednog od najvećih učitelja (stoičke) filozofije ikada, a Sokrat je, sudeći po Platonovim riječima, poricao da je uopće bio učitelj, unatoč velikom broju onih koji su smatrali suprotno. Nadaleko poznati po svojim besjedama, sofisti su ponajviše privlačili one koji su željeli biti uspješni političari. Sokrat i Epiktet također su bili izvrsni govornici koje su okruživali političari Atene, odnosno Rima. Ipak, to ih nije činilo sofistima. Ono čemu i Sokrat i Epiktet teže život je u skladu s vrlinom, tj. život u skladu s razumom i filozofijom. Retorika ima instrumentalnu vrijednost i
njome se netko može potaknuti na bavljenje filozofijom, ali ona nije dobro po sebi.