bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remifentanil Induces Cardio Protection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Through the Maintenance of Zinc Homeostasis
Authors: Sheng Mingwei , Zhang Ge , Wang Jiannan , Yang Qing , Zhao Huanhuan , Cheng Xinxin , Xu Zhelong
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:

Although it is well known that remifentanil (Rem) elicits cardiac protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study tested if Rem can protect the heart from I/R injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the maintenance of zinc (Zn2+) homeostasis.

METHODS:

Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of regional ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Rem was given by 3 consecutive 5-minute infusions, and each infusion was followed by a 5-minute drug-free perfusion before ischemia. Total Zn2+ concentrations in cardiac tissue, cardiac function, infarct size, and apoptosis were assessed. H9c2 cells were subjected to 6 hours of hypoxia and 2 hours of reoxygenation (hypoxia/reoxygenation [H/R]), and Rem was given for 30 minutes before hypoxia. Metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF1) overexpression plasmids were transfected into H9c2 cells 48 hours before hypoxia. Intracellular Zn2+ level, cell viability, and mitochondrial injury parameters were evaluated. A Zn2+ chelator N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) or an ER stress activator thapsigargin was administrated during in vitro and ex vivo studies. The regulatory molecules related to Zn2+ homeostasis and ER stress in cardiac tissue, and cardiomyocytes were analyzed by Western blotting.

RESULTS:

Rem caused significant reversion of Zn2+ loss from the heart (Rem + I/R versus I/R, 9.43 ± 0.55 vs 7.53 ± 1.18; P < .05) by suppressing the expression of MTF1 and Zn2+ transporter 1 (ZnT1). The inhibited expression of ER stress markers after Rem preconditioning was abolished by TPEN. Rem preconditioning improved the cardiac function accompanied by the reduction of infarct size (Rem + I/R versus I/R, 21% ± 4% vs 40% ± 6%; P < .05). The protective effects of Rem could be reserved by TPEN and thapsigargin. Similar effects were observed in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R. In addition, MTF1 overexpression blocked the inhibitory effects of Rem on ZnT1 expression and ER stress at reoxygenation. Rem attenuated the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by inhibiting ER stress via cardiac Zn2+ restoration (Rem + H/R versus H/R, 79.57% ± 10.62% vs 58.27% ± 4.32%; P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Rem maintains Zn2+ homeostasis at reperfusion by inhibiting MTF1 and ZnT1 expression, leading to the attenuation of ER stress and cardiac injury. Our findings provide a promising therapeutic approach for managing acute myocardial I/R injury.
When fed foods with similar palatability, healthy adult dogs and cats choose different macronutrient compositions
Authors: Hall Jean A. , Vondran Jodi C. , Vanchina Melissa A. , Jewell Dennis E.
Published: May 2018

Dogs and cats make short-term food choices based on palatability. We hypothesized that if palatability were masked, long-term food choices would be based on physiologic requirements, and circulating metabolite concentrations would reflect those choices. Four experimental foods with similar palatability, but varying in macronutrient composition, were prepared for healthy adult dogs (n=17) and cats (n=27). Food 1 was high protein; Food 2 was high fat; Food 3 was high carbohydrates; and Food 4 was balanced for macronutrients. By choosing any combination of foods, dogs and cats could individually set their macronutrient intake. Plasma metabolomic profiles were determined at baseline and after animals had consumed their food intake of choice for 28 days. Based on food intake calculations over 28 days, dogs on average chose to consume most of their calories from fat (41.1±4.3%) and then carbohydrate (35.8±3.7%), whereas cats on average chose to consume most of their calories from carbohydrate (43.1±4.0%) and then protein (30.3±3.9%; all P<0.001). Age and lean or fat body mass also influenced protein intake. Younger, leaner cats consumed more protein compared with older cats, whereas younger leaner dogs consumed less protein compared with dogs having more fat body mass. Older cats with moderate protein intake had lower circulating docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations as well as higher concentrations of sulfated microbial catabolic products compared with younger, leaner cats. In summary, when fed foods with similar palatability, dogs and cats consume different macronutrient compositions, and concentrations of circulating metabolites in cats reflect food choices.
Adaptive control of dynamic balance in human gait on a split-belt treadmill
Authors: Buurke Tom J. W. , Lamoth Claudine J. C. , Vervoort Danique , van der Woude Lucas H. V. , den Otter Rob
Published: May 2018

Human bipedal gait is inherently unstable and staying upright requires adaptive control of dynamic balance. Little is known about adaptive control of dynamic balance in reaction to long-term, continuous perturbations. We examined how dynamic balance control adapts to a continuous perturbation in gait, by letting people walk faster with one leg than the other on a treadmill with two belts (i.e. split-belt walking). In addition, we assessed whether changes in mediolateral dynamic balance control coincide with changes in energy use during split-belt adaptation. In nine minutes of split-belt gait, mediolateral margins of stability and mediolateral foot roll-off changed during adaptation to the imposed gait asymmetry, especially on the fast side, and returned to baseline during washout. Interestingly, no changes in mediolateral foot placement (i.e. step width) were found during split-belt adaptation. Furthermore, the initial margin of stability and subsequent mediolateral foot roll-off were strongly coupled to maintain mediolateral dynamic balance throughout the gait cycle. Consistent with previous results net metabolic power was reduced during split-belt adaptation, but changes in mediolateral dynamic balance control were not correlated with the reduction of net metabolic power during split-belt adaptation. Overall, this study has shown that a complementary mechanism of relative foot positioning and mediolateral foot roll-off adapts to continuously imposed gait asymmetry to maintain dynamic balance in human bipedal gait.
Absence of toll-like receptor 9 Pro99Leu polymorphism in cervical cancer
Authors: Chauhan Alex , Pandey Nilesh , Raithatha Nitin , Patel Purvi , Desai Ajesh , Jain Neeraj
Published: May 2018

Background: Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) plays a key role in the elimination of viral pathogens by recognising their CpG DNA. Polymorphisms in the TLR9 gene may influence their recognition and subsequent elimination. Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate the role of a rare unexplored TLR9 gene polymorphism C296T/ Pro99Leu (rs5743844) in cervical cancer susceptibility among Indian women.

Methods: The genotyping of TLR9 Pro99Leu polymorphism in 110 cervical cancer patients and 141 healthy controls was performed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results: The genotype frequency detected in both cervical cancer and control populations was 1.0 (CC), 0.0 (CT) and 0.0 (TT); while the allele frequency was found to be 1.0 (C) and 0.0 (T).

Conclusions: The present study results demonstrate no involvement of TLR9 C296T/ Pro99Leu polymorphism in cervical cancer susceptibility and supports worldwide minor allele frequency (MAF) (0.0002) status of the same as no nucleotide variation was detected in any of the study participants.
Could differences in implicit attitudes to sexual concurrency play a role in generalized HIV epidemics?
Authors: Kenyon Chris R. , Wolfs Kenny , Osbak Kara , Malataliana Maleeto , Van Hal Guido , Zondo Sizwe , van Lankveld Jacques
Published: May 2018

Background: Sexual partner concurrency has been implicated in the genesis of generalized HIV epidemic in South Africa. Most South Africans, however, disapprove of concurrency in surveys. These surveys test individuals’ explicit attitudes which are susceptible to a number of important biases such as the social desirability bias. Assessment of implicit cognitions have been found to be better predictors of behaviour in socially sensitive domains. We hypothesized that South Africans may have implicit attitudes more tolerant of concurrency than lower concurrency prevalence populations.

Methods: To test this hypothesis, we developed a concurrency-implicit association test (C-IAT) and compared the C-IATs of samples of South African and Belgian university students.

Results: We found a large and statistically significant difference in the C-IAT between the South Africans (D600-score = -0.009, indicating absence of preference for concurrency or monogamy) and Belgians (D600-score = 0.783, indicating a strong preference for monogamy; t-test = 13.3; P < 0.0001). The effect size measure, Cohen’s d, was found to be 0.88, which is considered a large effect size in this field.

Conclusions: Our results are compatible with the thesis that differences in implicit attitudes to concurrency play a role in the genesis of generalised HIV epidemics.
ABOUT DEVELOPMENT OF SIMULATION FROM ANTIQUITY TO OUR DAYS
Authors: Волхонов Михаил , Volhonov Mihail , Зимин Игорь , Zimin Igor' , Максимов Иван , Maksimov Ivan , Юнусов Губейдулла , Yunusov Gubeydulla , Джаббаров Игорь , Dzhabbarov Igor' , Дерменжи Александр , Dermenzhi Aleksandr
Published: May 2018

In the article, based on the analysis of available sources of information, information on various types of modeling is systematized and presented, an improved classification is proposed according to which one can distinguish: full, incomplete and approximate (in completeness); stochastic and deterministic (by degree of certainty); discrete, discrete-continuous, continuous (by intermittence); static and dynamic (by the change in time); constructive and descriptive (by the presence of controlled variables); functional, information, behavioral (depending on the aspect of modeling); educational, experimental, scientific and technical, game and imitation (in the field of modeling); mental and real (in the form of implementation); the real, depending on the method of implementation, is divided into the natural (scientific experiment, complex tests, production experiment) and physical (in real time, model time and without time); depending on whether the computer is used for mental modeling is divided into computer and non-computer. By the way of realization, the mental is divided into visual (hypothetical, analog and mocked), symbolic (linguistic and sign) and mathematical (situational, cybernetic, structural, analytical, algorithmic and combined). Also, the mathematical, depending on the properties reflected, is divided into geometric, probabilistic and topological. The article presents historical facts related to the stages of the development of modeling. Causes and main directions of development of modeling and direction of human activity are indicated, in which modeling currently performs one of the main roles.
THE METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF MATERIAL AND AIR IN PNEUMOSEPARATION CHANNEL WINNOWING MACHINE
Authors: Волхонов Михаил , Volhonov Mihail , Зимин Игорь , Zimin Igor' , Максимов Иван , Maksimov Ivan , Юнусов Губейдулла , Yunusov Gubeydulla , Джаббаров Игорь , Dzhabbarov Igor' , Дерменжи Александр , Dermenzhi Aleksandr
Published: May 2018

The article substantiates the practical application of ultrasonic range finders for studying and controlling the operation of the pneumatic separation channel of a grain cleaning machine. A new technological scheme of the installation is described, as well as the results of experimental studies aimed at finding parameters that have the greatest correlation with the supply of material and air flow to the pneumatic separation channel of the grain cleaning machine. It has been experimentally determined that the speed of the feeding roller regulating the supply of material to the pneumatic separation channel in order to fully load it and provide maximum output has a strong inverse correlation (-0.89) with the difference in the averaged values ​​of the lengths of the paths of ultrasonic waves piercing across the moving grain layer , obtained from ultrasonic range finders at the beginning and end of the pneumatic separation channel. The rotor speed of the fan regulating the air supply to the pneumatic separation channel also has a strong inverse correlation (-0.82) with the difference in the averaged values ​​of the path lengths of ultrasonic waves piercing across the moving grain layer obtained from ultrasonic range finders in the middle and end of the air separation channel. It is proved that at a frequency of polling the sensors 1200 ms, the quality of the evaluation of the state of the stochastic layer is the best. The developed method for controlling the supply of material and air to the air separation channel of the grain cleaning machine can be used as the basis for the automation of the grain cleaning process, it will allow to react in a timely manner to the stochastic change in the variable state of the process of cleaning the grain heaps, and as a consequence, to improve its quality and to reduce specific energy costs.
SAPROPEL AND ECOLOGICALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PREVENTION OF COWS INFERTILITY
Authors: Белобороденко Татьяна , Beloborodenko Tat'iana , Белобороденко Михаил , Beloborodenko Mihail , Белобороденко Анатолий , Beloborodenko Anatolii
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to improve the herd reproduction and implement infertility prevention. High level of reproduction and milk productivity of cows is possible only for healthy animals. With year-round stall content, prolonged hypodynamia of cows there are significant hemodynamic disorders, morphological and functional changes in the reproductive organs and throughout the body. Specialists of farms and complexes often cull highly productive cows in the first, second lactation due to disruption of reproduction, diseases of the limbs and breast, it causes enormous economic damage. In cows with endometritis, observed a variety of clinical forms and varying degrees of severity of endometritis. Comparatively high efficiency was obtained with intrarectal application of sapropel. Sapropel – the lake silt formed from the remains of plant and animal organisms, colloidal silt greenish, olive, brown or gray color, greasy consistence. It contains organic nitrogen-containing substances up to 50%, carbohydrates up to 40% and bitumen compounds up to 10%, minerals, salts of calcium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, aluminum, iron; copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, Nickel, molybdenum, etc., as well as vitamins (D, B1, B6, B12), hormone-like bacteriophages, antibiotics, humic acids, etc. Duration of treatment – up to 2 weeks. A significant number of sick cows was an increase in muscle tone of the uterus, the contraction of its walls, active secretion from the uterine exudate. The best results from treatment of endometritis (83.9%) were obtained with intrarectal application of sapropel in combination with vibroacoustic massage and infrared irradiation of cows bags. Only reasonable prevention of hypodynamia and the right approach in solving the problems will give the desired results and reduce the number of imported cattle.
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL BASES OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING
Authors: Клычова Гузалия , Klychova Guzaliya , Закирова Алсу , Zakirova Alsu , Юсупова Альфия , Yusupova Al'fiya , Клычова Айгуль , Klychova Augul
Published: May 2018

Management consultancy at the current stage of economic development is a factor that contributes to the efficiency and competitiveness of most enterprises through a comprehensive analysis of the management system and the solution of key problems, arising in management activities. Implementation of various innovative, anti-crisis, diversification and other complex projects proves the necessity to appeal to highly qualified consultants for professional assistance. The requests of organizations contribute to the modification of technologies and methods of management consulting. The economic essence of management consulting is considered in the article, the conceptual model of management consulting is formed, in which the elements forming the theoretical basis of the modern concept of management consulting are conceptually specified and structured.
Logic: basics of reasoning and scientific analysis
Authors: Кузнецов Валерий , Kuznyetsov Valyeriy , Егоров Юрий , Egorov Yuriy
Published: May 2018

The educational publication is intended for the study of logic in the structure of higher education. Its peculiarity is the maximum approximation to the natural methods of reasoning, which is a conscious technique that allows you to keep the traditionally close connection of logic as a philosophical science with its applications in various fields of scientific knowledge and practice. Interpretations of concepts, definitions, and other structural elements of logic are characterized by novelty due to the desire to understand the content of logic in the context of humanitarian knowledge.
Data-Driven Understanding of Smart Service Systems Through Text Mining
Authors: Lim Chiehyeon , Maglio Paul P.
Published: May 2018

Smart service systems are everywhere, in homes and in the transportation, energy, and healthcare sectors. However, such systems have yet to be fully understood in the literature. Given the widespread applications of and research on smart service systems, we used text mining to develop a unified understanding of such systems in a data-driven way. Specifically, we used a combination of metrics and machine learning algorithms to preprocess and analyze text data related to smart service systems, including text from the scientific literature and news articles. By analyzing 5,378 scientific articles and 1,234 news articles, we identify important keywords, 16 research topics, 4 technology factors, and 13 application areas. We define “smart service system” based on the analytics results. Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical and methodological implications of our work, such as the 5Cs (connection, collection, computation, and communications for co-creation) of smart service systems and the text mining approach to understand service research topics. We believe this work, which aims to establish common ground for understanding these systems across multiple disciplinary perspectives, will encourage further research and development of modern service systems.
Path and Speed Optimization for Conflict-Free Pickup and Delivery Under Time Windows
Authors: Adamo Tommaso , Bektaş Tolga , Ghiani Gianpaolo , Guerriero Emanuela , Manni Emanuele
Published: May 2018

This article introduces a variant of the conflict-free pickup and delivery problem with time windows in which speeds can be regulated. The problem arises in several areas of transportation and logistics including routing and scheduling of automated guided vehicles in port terminals and coordination of unmanned aerial vehicles in controlled airspace. A particular aspect of this problem is that at most one vehicle can traverse an arc of the transportation network at any time. The problem studied in this paper is to determine the vehicle paths and speeds on each arc of the path in such a way that no conflicts arise, the time windows are met, and the total energy consumption is minimized. A branch-and-bound algorithm is described in which a lower bound is obtained by solving a separable nonlinear problem in quadratic time. If the solution of the relaxation is not conflict free, a set of space-based and time-based branching constraints are generated to resolve the detected conflicts. Computational experiments show that, when compared with a state-of-the-art approach, the proposed method is able to generate a larger number of feasible solutions (42% on average) and reduce the computation time by an order of magnitude. Moreover, the approach results in an average energy savings of around 70%.
Recall of preoperative Oxford Hip and Knee Scores one year after arthroplasty is an alternative and reliable technique when used for a cohort of patients
Authors: Yeoman T. F. M. , Clement N. D. , Macdonald D. , Moran M.
Published: May 2018

Objectives

The primary aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of the recalled preoperative Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) one year following arthroplasty for a cohort of patients. The secondary aim was to assess the reliability of a patient’s recollection of their own preoperative OHS and OKS one year following surgery.

Methods

A total of 335 patients (mean age 72.5; 22 to 92; 53.7% female) undergoing total hip arthroplasty (n = 178) and total knee arthroplasty (n = 157) were prospectively assessed. Patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty completed an OHS or OKS, respectively, preoperatively and were asked to recall their preoperative condition while completing the same score one year after surgery.

Results

A mean difference of 0.04 points (95% confidence intervals (CI) -15.64 to 15.72, p = 0.97) between the actual and the recalled OHS was observed. The mean difference in the OKS was 1.59 points (95% CI -11.57 to 14.75, p = 0.10). There was excellent reliability for the ‘average measures’ intra-class correlation for both the OHS (r = 0.802) and the OKS (r = 0.772). However, this reliability was diminished for the individuals OHS (r = 0.670) and OKS (r = 0.629) using single measures intra-class correlation. Bland–Altman plots demonstrated wide variation in the individual patient’s ability to recall their preoperative score (95% CI ± 16 for OHS, 95% CI ± 13 for OKS).

Conclusion

Prospective preoperative collection of OHS and OKS remains the benchmark. Using recalled scores one year following hip and knee arthroplasty is an alternative when used to assess a cohort of patients. However, the recall of an individual patient’s preoperative score should not be relied upon due to the diminished reliability and wide CI. Cite this article: T. F. M. Yeoman, N. D. Clement, D. Macdonald, M. Moran. Recall of preoperative Oxford Hip and Knee Scores one year after arthroplasty is an alternative and reliable technique when used for a cohort of patients. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:351–356. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0259.R1.
Penentuan Total Kadar Fenol dari Daun Kersen Segar, Kering dan Rontok (Muntingia calabura L.) serta Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dengan Metode DPPH
Authors: Pamungkas Jaka Dwi , Anam Khairul , Kusrini Dewi
Published: May 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang penentuan total kadar fenol dari daun kersen segar, kering, dan rontok (Muntingia calabura L.) serta uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi kandungan senyawa kimia, total kadar fenol, dan Aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) dari daun kersen segar, kering, dan rontok. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penentuan total kadar fenol dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi tiga tahap, tahap pertama yaitu ekstrasi untuk mendapatkan ekstak etanol pekat. Tahap kedua analisis secara kuanlitatif dengan menggunakan KLT serta uji skrining fitokimia. Tahap terakhir analisis secara kuantitatif yakni dengan menghitungkan kadar total fenol dan uji antioksidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen yang didapat dari daun segar sebanyak 1,231%, daun kering sebanyak 0,772% dan daun rontok sebanyak 1,05%. Hasil uji skrining fitokimia kandungan dalam daun kersen adalah alkaloid, flavoloid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid/terpenoid. Kadar total fenol dari ekstrak daun kersen segar, kering dan rontok masing – masing 6 mg ekivalen asam galat/g sampel, 14 mg ekivalen asam galat/g sampel, dan 12 mg ekivalen asam galat/g sampel. Uji aktivitas antioksidan IC50 yang diperoleh dari daun kersen segar, kering, dan rontok masing – masing mengandung IC50 sebesar -291187,5 mg/L -48958,9 mg/L dan -235305,6 mg/L.
Adaptive, variable resolution grids for bathymetric applications using a quadtree approach
Authors: Toodesh Reenu , Verhagen Sandra
Published: May 2018

The spatial sampling often used to process and represent bathymetric data are of fixed grid resolution where the least depth value is stored in each grid cell. This results in Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) that are used to depict the underlying features of the seafloor. With the discretion of the user, the resulting DEMs used may either be of coarse resolution or a very fine resolution surface which provides as many details as possible. However, depending on the resolution of the data collected and the variability of the seafloor, the arbitrary user defined grid resolution is not the best option. Hence we address the problem of finding an optimal grid resolution for representing and processing the bathymetric data for the application of bathymetric risk assessment whilst maintaining computational efficiency. Here we adopt the quadtree decomposition approach.

In addition, the research suggests the optimal criteria and standard deviation threshold,

σ

t
h

{\sigma _{th}}

values for this particular application. These suggestions are still flexible and can be optimized for this application depending on the end user requirements. Previous studies have focused only on the splitting criteria or the constrained criteria to ensure that there is homogeneous accuracy over the entire dataset. However, an investigation into the threshold selection for the standard deviation,

σ

t
h

{\sigma _{th}}

which describes the variability in the dataset is one of the most important splitting criterion, that is still lacking. Also, a new approach to store the depths in the grid in a time ordered approach for each epoch is shown.

By optimizing the criteria for the quadtree decomposition and time series algorithm, the approaches shown in this paper provide the adaptive, accurate DEM which makes optimal use of the available bathymetric data for the Netherlands Continental Shelf (NCS) as the study area. This data preparation step forms the basis for developing a probabilistic approach to assigning hydrographic resurvey frequencies in the NCS.
Synchronization Analysis of Inertial Memristive Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Wei Ruoyu , Cao Jinde
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the global exponential synchronization and quasi-synchronization of inertial memristive neural networks with time-varying delays. By using a variable transmission, the original second-order system can be transformed into first-order differential system. Then, two types of drive-response systems of inertial memristive neural networks are studied, one is the system with parameter mismatch, the other is the system with matched parameters. By constructing Lyapunov functional and designing feedback controllers, several sufficient conditions are derived respectively for the synchronization of these two types of drive-response systems. Finally, corresponding simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method derived in this paper.
The Least Eigenvalue of the Graphs Whose Complements Are Connected and Have Pendent Paths
Authors: Wang Chen , Yu Guidong , Sun Wei , Cao Jinde
Published: May 2018

The adjacency matrix of a graph is a matrix which represents adjacent relation between the vertices of the graph. Its minimum eigenvalue is defined as the least eigenvalue of the graph. Let Gnbe the set of the graphs of order n, whose complements are connected and have pendent paths. This paper investigates the least eigenvalue of the graphs and characterizes the unique graph which has the minimum least eigenvalue in Gn.
Translocal Communities – Exploring Mobility and Migration in Sedentary Societies of the European Neolithic and Early Bronze Age
Authors: Furholt Martin
Published: May 2018

Mobilität und Migration sind seit einiger Zeit wieder verstärkt in den Mittelpunkt archäologischer Diskussionen gerückt. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Konsequenzen der neuesten molekularbiologischen Forschung für unser Verständnis neolithischer Gesellschaften untersucht. Als Ausgangspunkt dient dabei eine Kritik des Konzepts der Geschlossenheit und Kohärenz, die im modernen Denken verhaftet ist und unsere Vorstellungen von sozialen Einheiten bestimmt, etwa Siedlungsgemeinschaften oder Kulturen. Ebenso bestimmt diese Prämisse unsere Auffassung von sozialen Phänomenen, wie der Migration, die infolgedessen als klar umrissenes, einfach zu beschreibendes Phänomen aufgefasst wird. Solch eine unrealistische Prämisse behindert grundlegend unsere Versuche, vom archäologischen Material ausgehend soziale Organisation und Phänomene von Mobilität und Migration zu verstehen. Daher wird für eine alternative Sichtweise auf prähistorische soziale Organisation geworben und eine neue Herangehensweise an das Verhältnis zwischen den Verbreitungsmustern der materiellen Kultur im archäologischen Befund und der räumlichen Dimension sozialer Organisation vorgeschlagen. Ausgehend von einer handlungstheoretischen Sichtweise auf die Herstellung und Verbreitung materieller Kultur werden zwei Thesen entwickelt: 1) Die soziale Zusammensetzung neolithischer und frühbronzezeitlicher Gemeinschaften ist grundsätzlich eher als heterogen und fluktuierend, denn als homogen und stabil zu betrachten, und 2) im Gegensatz zum gängigen Denkmuster verweist eine besonders hohe Einheitlichkeit materieller Kultur in einer Region (wie sie ja meist als Grundlage der Definition archäologischer Kulturen dient) auf eine besonders hohe soziale Heterogenität in den lokalen Siedlungsgemeinschaften. Anstatt archäologische Kulturen zu reifizieren und ihre regionale Homogenität als Anzeiger sozialer Homogenität aufzufassen, wird also vorgeschlagen, dass ein höheres Maß an Homogenität materieller Kultur in einer Region hauptsächlich als Ausdruck einer erhöhten Zirkulation von Individuen im Raum und zwischen Siedlungsgemeinschaften zu verstehen ist, die vor Ort soziale Heterogenität erzeugt. Diese generelle Hypothese wird durch eine Diskussion der archäologischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Evidenz untermauert. Schließlich wird aber unterhalb dieser übergreifenden Perspektive dafür argumentiert, die im Einzelfall wahrscheinlich sehr unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen solcher sozialer Mobilitätsphänomene mithilfe der reichen sozialanthropologischen Literatur zu Migration und Mobilität und ihren sozialen Konsequenzen genauer zu untersuchen.
Conception du corpus et méthodologie d’analyse : Pour un renouvellement de l’analyse des discours institutionnels et politiques
Authors: Longhi Julien , Sarfati Georges-Elia
Published: May 2018

Nous posons dans cet article la question des frontières ou des limites que doivent ou ne doivent pas avoir les corpus textuels. Nous considérons que cette question est directement liée à l’objectif assigné à la recherche ainsi qu’à l’ancrage théorique, et qu’il n’y a donc pas une seule et unique méthode de constitution de corpus. Cette méthode de constitution n’est pas liée ici aux formats de constitution de corpus, et aux standards à adopter (TEI par exemple), mais plutôt aux aspects philologiques et herméneutiques qui président aux choix des données, et aux principes qui contribuent à regrouper dans un même corpus tel ou tel type de texte.
On the Dynamical Nature of Nonlinear Coupling of Logarithmic Quantum Wave Equation, Everett-Hirschman Entropy and Temperature
Authors: Zloshchastiev Konstantin G.
Published: May 2018

We study the dynamical behavior of the nonlinear coupling of a logarithmic quantum wave equation. Using the statistical mechanical arguments for a large class of many-body systems, this coupling is shown to be related to temperature, which is a thermodynamic conjugate to the Everett-Hirschman’s quantum information entropy. A combined quantum-mechanical and field-theoretical model is proposed, which leads to a logarithmic equation with variable nonlinear coupling. We study its properties and present arguments regarding its nature and interpretation, including the connection to Landauer’s principle. We also demonstrate that our model is able to describe linear quantum-mechanical systems with shape-changing external potentials.
Alpha-Actinin-3 R577X Polymorphism Influences Muscle Damage and Hormonal Responses After a Soccer Game
Authors: Coelho Daniel B. , Pimenta Eduardo M. , Rosse Izinara C. , Veneroso Christiano , Pussieldi Guilherme De Azambuja , Becker Lenice K. , Oliveira Emerson C. , Carvalho Maria R.S. , Silami-Garcia Emerson
Published: May 2018

Coelho, DB, Pimenta, EM, Rosse, IC, Veneroso, C, Pussieldi, GDA, Becker, LK, De Oliveira, EC, Carvalho, MRS, and Silami-Garcia, E. Alpha-actinin-3 R577X polymorphism influences muscle damage and hormonal responses after a soccer game. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2655–2664, 2019—The purpose of this study was to evaluate indicators of muscle damage and hormonal responses after soccer matches and its relation to alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene expression (XX vs. RR/RX), considering that the R allele produces alpha-actinin-3 and provides greater muscle strength and power. Thirty players (10 XX and 20 RR/RX) younger than 16 years were evaluated in this study. Blood samples were collected immediately before, after, 2, and 4 hours after the games to assess muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK] and alpha-actin) and hormonal responses (interleukin-6 [IL-6], cortisol, and testosterone). Postgame CK was higher as compared to the pregame values in both groups and it was also higher in the RR/RX (p < 0.05) than in the XX. The concentrations of alpha-actin and IL-6 were similar for both groups and did not change over time. Testosterone was increased after the game only in the RR/RX group (p < 0.05). Cortisol concentrations in group RR/RX were higher immediately after the game than before the game, and 2 and 4 hours after the game the concentration decreased (p < 0.05). The RR and RX individuals presented higher markers of muscle microtrauma and hormonal stress, probably because they performed more speed and power actions during the game, which is a self-regulated activity. From the different responses presented by RR/RX and XX genotypes, we conclude that the genotypic profile should be taken into account when planning training workloads and recovery of athletes.
Cardiopulmonary Demand of 16-kg Kettlebell Snatches in Simulated Girevoy Sport
Authors: Chan Margaux , MacInnis Martin J. , Koch Sarah , MacLeod Kristin E. , Lohse Keith R. , Gallo Maria E. , Sheel A. William , Koehle Michael S.
Published: May 2018

Chan, M, MacInnis, MJ, Koch, S, MacLeod, KE, Lohse, KR, Gallo, ME, Sheel, AW, and Koehle, MS. Cardiopulmonary demand of 16-kg kettlebell snatches in simulated Girevoy Sport. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1625–1633, 2020—Kettlebell lifting has become popular both as a strength and conditioning training tool and as a sport in and of itself: Girevoy Sport (GS). Although several kettlebell multimovement protocols have been analyzed, little research has attempted to quantify the aerobic stimulus of the individual events in GS, which could better inform kettlebell-related exercise prescription. The purpose of this study was to quantify the cardiopulmonary demand, assessed primarily by oxygen consumption (V̇o
2) and heart rate (HR), of continuous high-intensity kettlebell snatches—under conditions relevant to GS—and to compare this demand with a more traditional graded rowing ergometer maximal exercise test. Ten male participants (age = 28.4 ± 4.6 years, height = 185 ± 7 cm, body mass = 95.1 ± 14.9 kg) completed (a) a graded-exercise test on a rowing ergometer to determine maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max) and maximal heart rate (HRmax) and (b) a graded-exercise test consisting of continuous 16-kg kettlebell snatches to determine peak oxygen consumption (V̇o
2peak) and peak heart rate (HRpeak) during a simulated GS snatch event. Subjects achieved a V̇o
2max of 45.7 ± 6.7 ml·kg−1·min−1 and HRmax of 177 ± 8.3 b·min–1 on the rowing ergometer. The kettlebell snatch test produced a V̇o
2peak of 37.6 ± 4.4 ml·kg−1·min−1 (82.7 ± 6.5% V̇o
2max) and a HRpeak of 174 ± 10 b·min–1 (98.0 ± 3.4% HRmax). These findings suggest that GS kettlebell snatches with 16-kg can provide an adequate aerobic stimulus to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in those with a V̇o
2max of ≤51 ml·kg−1·min−1, according to aerobic training recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine.
Absolute Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the Stryd System for the Assessment of Running Stride Kinematics at Different Velocities
Authors: García-Pinillos Felipe , Roche-Seruendo Luis E. , Marcén-Cinca Noel , Marco-Contreras Luis A. , Latorre-Román Pedro A.
Published: May 2018

García-Pinillos, F, Roche-Seruendo, LE, Marcen-Cinca, N, Marco-Contreras, LA, and Latorre-Román, PA. Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of the Stryd system for the assessment of running stride kinematics at different velocities. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 78–84, 2021—This study aimed to determine the absolute reliability and to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Stryd system for measuring spatiotemporal variables during running at different velocities (8–20 km·h−1) by comparing data with another widely used device (the OptoGait system). Eighteen trained male endurance runners performed an incremental running test (8–20 km·h−1 with 3-minute stages) on a treadmill. Spatiotemporal parameters (contact time [CT], flight time [FT], step length [SL], and step frequency [SF]) were measured using 2 different devices (Stryd and OptoGait systems). The Stryd system showed a coefficient of variation (CV) <3%, except for FT (3.7–11.6%). The OptoGait achieved CV <4%, except for FT (6.0–30.6%). Pearson correlation analysis showed large correlations for CT and FT, and almost perfect for SL and SF over the entire protocol. The intraclass correlation coefficients partially support those results. Paired t-tests showed that CT was underestimated (p < 0.05, effect size [ES] > 0.7; ∼4–8%), FT overestimated (p < 0.05, ES > 0.7; ∼7–65%), whereas SL and SF were very similar between systems (ES < 0.1, with differences <1%). The Stryd is a practical portable device that is reliable for measuring CT, FT, SL, and SF during running. It provides accurate SL and SF measures but underestimates CT (0.5–8%) and overestimates FT (3–67%) compared with a photocell-based system.
Order Effects of Resistance and Stretching Exercises on Heart Rate Variability and Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults
Authors: da Silva Araujo Gleisson , Behm David G. , Monteiro Estêvão Rios , de Melo Fiuza Aline Gomes Ferreira , Gomes Thiago Matassoli , Vianna Jefferson Macedo , Reis Michel Silva , da Silva Novaes Jefferson
Published: May 2018

da Silva Araujo, G, Behm, DG, Monteiro, ER, de Melo Fiuza, AGF, Gomes, TM, Vianna, JM, Reis, MS, and da Silva Novaes, J. Order effects of resistance and stretching exercises on heart rate variability and blood pressure in healthy adults. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2684–2693, 2019—The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of different combinations and order of resistance exercise (RE) and stretching exercise (SE) on heart rate variability, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Twenty subjects, recreationally trained, performed 5 sessions in a random order: (a) SE followed by RE no rest (SE + RE), (b) RE followed by SE no rest (RE + SE), (c) SE between RE sets (SBE), (d) SE isolated, and (e) RE isolated. Heart rate variability, SBP, and DBP were collected for 15 minutes before (baseline) and 60 minutes after each experimental session. A significant decrease was found for standardized deviation of differences between adjacent normal r-r intervals (RMSSDms) SE + RE (−50.79%), SE (+9.2%), SBE (−42.8%), and RE (−46.3%). Similarly, a significant increase was found for LFnu in SE + RE (+12.8%) and SBE (+16.6%). In addition, a significant decrease was found for HFnu in SE + RE (−34.8%) and SBE (−39.7%). Finally, a significant decrease was found for SBP in SE (−6.1%). In conclusion, this study indicated that SE followed by RE promotes a reduction in LFnu and RMSSDnu, with trivial to small magnitude decreases in SBP. Therefore, performing SE either before or between RE would be an important exercise prescription recommendation to lower cardiac load and consequently greater safety.
Developing Cost-Effective, Evidence-Based Load Monitoring Systems in Strength and Conditioning Practice
Authors: Clubb Jo , McGuigan Mike
Published: May 2018

THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO OUTLINE EVIDENCE-BASED FUNDAMENTALS OF A MONITORING SYSTEM FOR ATHLETES. THIS INCLUDES TIME- AND COST-EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS ACROSS LOAD MONITORING, MEASURING WELLNESS RESPONSES, AND RECOVERY STRATEGIES THAT CAN BE USED REGARDLESS OF BUDGET SIZE. ANALYSIS APPROACHES ARE INCLUDED TO OUTLINE HOW TO ANALYZE DATA COLLECTED BY SUCH A SYSTEM. CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING TECHNOLOGY INTO THE APPLIED ENVIRONMENT ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. FINALLY, AN EXAMPLE FROM A TEAM SPORT IS INCLUDED TO SHOWCASE HOW SUCH MEASURES AND ANALYSES CAN BE INCORPORATED INTO A PROGRAM. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE, SEE SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 (SEE VIDEO, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A239).
Applying a Research Ethics Model to the Practice of Being a Strength and Conditioning Coach
Authors: Meir Rudi , Nicholls Adam R.
Published: May 2018

THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING (S&C) COACH'S ROLE COULD BE DESCRIBED AS BEING SIMILAR TO OTHER ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONALS (E.G., PHYSICAL THERAPISTS, PHYSIO-THERAPISTS, AND SPORTS PHYSICIANS) WHO PROVIDE A SERVICE TO A CLIENT—EITHER INDIVIDUAL ATHLETE OR TEAM. SUCH A RELATIONSHIP SHOULD BE BASED ON RESPECT, MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITY, AND ETHICAL EQUALITY. TO THIS END, THERE SHOULD BE AN EXPECTATION, FROM THE ATHLETE, THAT THE S&C COACH WILL BE DEVELOPING TRAINING PROGRAMS THAT CONFORM TO SOME MODEL OF GOOD ETHICAL PRACTICE. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A MODEL THAT CAN BE USED BY THE S&C PROFESSIONAL TO GUIDE THEIR ETHICAL PRACTICE.
Laboratory Investigation of Microsurfacing Asphalt Modified with Nanosilica and Nanoclay Combined with Polyethylene Fibers
Authors: Otadi Ameneh , Tanzadeh Javad
Published: May 2018

Microsurfacing asphalt is a thin surface treatment comprising asphalt emulsion, filler, and crushed stone materials that can be defined as a protective asphalt that has low thickness and is adaptable to the environment. In this study, the mix design was specified in terms of the optimal percentage of additives to asphalt emulsion; the additives contained 4 wt % nanosilica and 3 wt % nanoclay in addition to 0.4 wt % polyethylene fibers that can be defined as a kind of flexible fiber-reinforced microsurfacing. The results of the abrasion test indicate that an increase in the resistance to long-term moisture sensitivity in fiber-reinforced microsurfacing occurs when resistance against abrasion in this sample is increased 30 % and the contents of nanoclay and fiber are in an optimal combination. The results of the sand adhesion test demonstrate that an increase in the amount of nanosilica is far more effective than an increase in nanoclay and fiber. Also, a comparison of the results of the cohesion and loaded wheel tests reveals that the specimen with the greatest possible cohesion between its components still has a low vertical displacement; thus, it is recommended as the best combination for producing and manufacturing highly flexible fiber-reinforced microsurfacing. This indicates that nanosilica and fiber effectively modify surfaces. Additionally, a 46 % improvement in rutting resistance and a 27 % increase in the flexural tensile strain was obtained in the fiber-reinforced microsurfacing.
On Moderator Detection in Anchoring Research: Implications of Ignoring Estimate Direction
Authors: Cheek Nathan N. , Norem Julie K.
Published: May 2018

Anchoring, whereby judgments assimilate to previously considered standards, is one of the most reliable effects in psychology. In the last decade, researchers have become increasingly interested in identifying moderators of anchoring effects. We argue that a drawback of traditional moderator analyses in the standard anchoring paradigm is that they ignore estimate direction—whether participants’ estimates are higher or lower than the anchor value. We suggest that failing to consider estimate direction can sometimes obscure moderation in anchoring tasks, and discuss three potential analytic solutions that take estimate direction into account. Understanding moderators of anchoring effects is essential for a basic understanding of anchoring and for applied research on reducing the influence of anchoring in real-world judgments. Considering estimate direction reduces the risk of failing to detect moderation.
Evidence for Transdiagnostic Repetitive Negative Thinking and Its Association with Rumination, Worry, and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Commonality Analysis
Authors: Gustavson Daniel E. , du Pont Alta , Whisman Mark A. , Miyake Akira
Published: May 2018

Recent theoretical advances have emphasized the commonality between rumination and worry, often referred to as repetitive negative thinking. Although not studied extensively, repetitive negative thinking may not only account for a substantial overlap between depression and anxiety symptoms but also encapsulate other constructs including one’s tendency to experience unwanted intrusive thoughts or have low levels of mindfulness. In this study, 643 college students completed self-report questionnaire measures of repetitive negative thinking (the Habit Index of Negative Thinking) and other relevant constructs including rumination, worry, depression and anxiety symptoms, intrusive thoughts, and mindfulness. To analyze the data, we conducted systematic commonality analyses, which algebraically decomposed shared variances among these measures into various unique components. Results in Study 1 indicated that individual differences in repetitive negative thinking were explained largely by the overlap between rumination and worry, but also by some rumination-specific and worry-specific variance. Moreover, the shared variation in rumination and worry explained the frequencies of depression and anxiety symptoms and their overlap. We also found in Study 2 that repetitive negative thinking was positively related to intrusive thoughts and negatively related to mindfulness. These associations were mostly explained by shared variance with rumination and worry, but there was also some mindfulness-specific variance. These results suggest that repetitive negative thinking may indeed lie at the core of the comorbidity between depression and anxiety symptoms, but that it is also a broader construct that encompasses intrusive thoughts and low levels of mindfulness.