bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthropology Today for the Anthropologists of Tomorrow
Authors: NAYLOR LARRY L.
Published: November 2004

Identity, Survival, and Change: Exploring Social/Cultural Anthropology. Joseph B. Aceves.

The Cultural Context: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. Robert Anderson.

An Introduction to Anthropology, Volume 2: Ethnology. Victor Barnouw.

The Human Way: Readings in Anthropology. H. Russell Bernard.

A Reader in Culture Change. Volume 1: Theories. Volume 2: Case Studies. Ivan Brady and Barry Isaac, eds.

Field Projects in Anthropology: A Student Handbook. Julia G. Crane and Michael V. Angrosino.

Responses to Change: Society, Culture, and Personality. George A. DeVos, ed.

Human Nature: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. James F. Downs

The Study and Teaching of Anthropology: An Annotated Bibliography. Susan Dwyer‐Schick

The Student Anthropologist's Handbook: A Guide to Research, Training, and Career. Charles Frantz.

The Study of Anthropology. Morton H. Fried.

Ideas of Culture: Sources and Uses. Frederick C. Gamst and Edward Norbeck, eds.

Cultural Anthropology. Paul G. Hiebert.

Cultural and Social Anthropology. E. Adamson Hoebel and Everett L. Frost.

Custom‐Made: Introductory Readings for Cultural Anthropology. Charles C. Hughes, ed.

Anthropology: Contemporary Perspectives. David E. Hunter and Phillip Whitten, eds.

The Study of Anthropology. David E. Hunter and Phillip Whitten.

Anthropology: The Humanizing Process. Evelyn S. Kessler.

Frontiers of Anthropology: An Introduction to Anthropological Thinking. Murray J. Leaf, ed.

The Human Adventure: An Introduction to Anthropology. Gretel H. Pelto and Pertti J. Pelto.

The Evolution of Human Adaptations: Readings in Anthropology. John J. Poggie, Jr., Gretel H. Pelto, and Pertti J. Pelto, eds.

Social Problems in Corporate America. Helen Icken Safa and Gloria Levitas, eds. A Transaction/Society Textbook.

The Study of Cultural Anthropology. Ernest L. Schusky.

The Human Experience: Readings in Sociocultural Anthropology. David H. Spain, ed.

Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. Robert B. Taylor.
Book Reviews
Authors: Neely Sharlotte
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Archaeology: Cherokee Archaeology: A Study of the Appalachian Summit. Bennie C. Keel

Archaeology: Cherokee Prehistory: The Pisgah Phase in the Appalachian Summit Region. Roy S. Dickens, Jr
Audiovisual Reviews
Authors: Grumet Robert S.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Museum Exhibits: Survival: Life and Art of the Alaskan Eskimo

Museum Exhibits: The Newark Museum, Newark, New Jersey.

Museum Exhibits: The Bowers Museum, Santa Ana, California.

Museum Exhibits: The Heard Museum of Anthropology, Phoenix, Arizona.

Museum Exhibits: The Huntington Art Galleries, Huntington, West Virginia.

Museum Exhibits: The Witte Memorial Museum, San Antonio, Texas.
Human Territoriality: An Ecological Reassessment
Authors: Dyson‐Hudson Rada , Smith Eric Alden
Published: November 2004

The question of human territoriality has frequently been debated, but most previous discussions have not sufficiently emphasized ecological variables as major factors determining territoriality. We argue that current theories in sociobiology, especially the model focusing on economic defendability of resources, need to be considered in analyzing human territoriality. According to this model, territoriality is expected to occur when critical resources are sufficiently abundant and predictable in space and time, so that costs of exclusive use and defense of an area are outweighed by the benefits gained from resource control. This model is developed, and then applied to several locally adapted human populations (Northern Ojibwa, Basin‐Plateau Indians, and Karimojong). Variations in territorial responses for these groups seem to accord with the predictions of the economic defendability model. [territoriality, resource defense, human ecology, sociobiology, spatial organization]
Trends in African Historical Studies
Authors: Cohen David William
Published: November 2004

Ivory and Slaves: Changing Pattern of International Trade in East Central Africa to the Later Nineteenth Century. Edward A. Alpers.

The Traditional History of the Jie of Uganda. John Lamphear. Oxford Studies in African Affairs, John D. Hargreaves and George Shepperson, eds.

Kings and Kinsmen: Early Mbundu States in Angola. Joseph C. Miller. Oxford Studies in African Affairs, John D. Hargreaves and George Shepperson, eds.

Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order. Ivor Wilks.
Book Reviews
Authors: Maxwell Robert J.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

General and Theoretical:Patterns of Aging: Findings from the Bonn Longitudinal Study of Aging. H. Thomae.

General and Theoretical: Death and Ethnicity: A Psychocultural Study. Richard A. Kalish and David K. Reynolds.
Book Reviews
Authors: Gamst Frederick C.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Applied Anthropology: Work and the Quality of Life: Resource Papers for Work in America. James O'Toole, ed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Tuden Arthur
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Ethnology: A Chief is a Chief by the People: The Autobiography of Stimela Jason Jingoes. Stimela Jason Jingoes.

Ethnology: Family Law and Litigation in Basotho Society. Sebastian Poulter.

Ethnology: Chieftainship and Legitimacy: An Anthropological Study of Executive Law in Lesotho. Ian Hamnett.
Man, Energy, and Anthropology: I Can Feel the Heat, But Where's the Light?
Authors: Adams Richard Newbold
Published: November 2004

Anthropology should deal with man holistically, but has failed to do so. The field is unfortunately split between mentalistic and materialistic schools and has not developed a theory to cope with the complexity of large contemporary societies. Energy similarly has been little studied by anthropology because there has been no theory sufficient for the purpose. The thermodynamics of structures far from equilibrium and the dissipative structure model of Ilya Prigogine offer a method for both studying energy in society and dealing with society as a whole. Anthropologists are urged to pursue study of this area because it is critical for an understanding of human destiny. [energy, holism, materialism‐mentalism, dissipative structures, complex societies]
Structures, Realities, and Blind Spots
Authors: Chaney Richard Paul
Published: November 2004

In discussing the exchange between Caws and Hanson (AA, Vol. 78, 1976) the nature of the theory and reality that anthropologists must consider in dealing with social and cultural phenomena is examined. There is no objective structure in the phenomena we study, our constructs always being colored by changing conditions. The assumption of an unchanging human nature has long been an obstacle to progress in the anthropological enterprise. [semantics, language, models, structure, anthropological theory]
The Position of Women in the Major Departments of Anthropology, 1967‐76
Authors: Sanjek Roger
Published: November 2004

The employment of women and men during the years 1967–68 through 1975–76 is examined for a group of 22 leading departments of anthropology. Differences with respect to sex are identified among the departments in terms of several criteria, including numbers of women employed, female teaching‐years, rank, changes in proportions of men and women over the nine‐year period, and subsequent employment of individuals who left the departments during the period examined. [women in anthropology, departments of anthropology, employment in anthropology]
AMBUSH: A Computer Program for Stochastic Microsimulation of Small Human Populations
Authors: Howell Nancy , Lehotay Victor A.
Published: November 2004

A new generation of computer simulation programs for exploring problems in demography, kinship ties, descent groups, and other kinds of connectivity in small human populations is now available for use. AMBUSH is a simulation package which may be useful for simulating effects of fertility and mortality schedules, rules of marriage and kinship, density‐dependent infanticide, and other features of closed breeding groups, and their stochastic variability. The program, described here, is available from the authors. [microsimulation, demography, kinship, connectivity]
Biological Analogy, Diffusionism, and Archaeology
Authors: Godfrey Laurie R. , Cole John R.
Published: November 2004

A “biologization” of anthropological theory has recently been proposed by scholars from various subfields of the discipline. One aspect of that phenomenon is Harold K. Schneider's proposal to rewrite world history as a diffusionary process based on a biological model. It is asserted that he fails for several reasons: a misunderstanding of biology, a misunderstanding of archaeology, and a rejection of empiricism, making his theory less testable than standard evolutionary theory. The role of diffusion in culture change is not explained by recourse to faulty analogy and highly selected archaeological data. [biological analogy, diffusionism, archaeological theory, cultural evolution]
What Directions for Race/Ethnic Relations? Kaleidoscope of Options
Authors: Swartz Jon D. , Rhodes Colbert
Published: November 2004

American Minorities and Economic Opportunity. H. Roy Kaplan.

Uncertain Americans: Readings in Ethnic History. 2nd ed. Leonard Dinnerstein and rederic Cople Jaher, eds.

Ethnicity in the Americas. Frances Henry, ed. World Anthropology Series. Sol Tax, gen. ed.

Ethnic Families in America: Patterns and Variations. Charles H. Mindel and Robert W. Habenstein, eds.

Issues in Race and Ethnic Relations: Theory, Research and Action. Jack Rothman, ed.

The Minority Report: An Introduction to Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Relations. Anthony G. Dworkin and Rosalind J. Dworkin.

American Ethnic Revival: Group Pluralism Entering America's Third Century. Jack F. Kinton, ed.
Whorf and His Critics: Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Influences on Color Memory
Authors: Lucy John A. , Shweder Richard A.
Published: November 2004

The current state of research on language and thought using color as a stimulus is reviewed. Five related experiments that integrate and expand the findings of this previous color research are reported. The relationship between memory and (1) color stimuli discriminability, (2) focality, (3) two‐person communication accuracy, (4) group communication accuracy, and (5) referential confusability is assessed. What we discover is that the color array previously used to demonstrate the influence of focality on memory is discriminatively biased in favor of focal chips. Results show that when perceptual discriminability is controlled for, the various linguistic indices are better predictors of memory accuracy in both short‐term and long‐term recognition memory tasks than is focality. Memory for color stimuli seems to be mediated by basic color descriptions, which may include, but are not restricted to, basic color terms. The discussion takes up the implications of the findings for previous research and for Whorf's hierarchical view of the relationship between language and sublinguistic universale. [Whorfian hypothesis, language and thought, color terminology, memory, culture theory]
Folk Zoological Life‐Forms: Their Universality and Growth
Authors: Brown Cecil H.
Published: November 2004

Folk zoological life‐form terms, like folk botanical life‐form terms (Brown 1977a), are added to languages in a highly regular manner. Life‐forms of the triad FISH, BIRD, and SNAKE are lexically encoded first, although in no particular order, followed by WUG (e.g., American English hug) and then MAMMAL. Four general principles of naming‐behavior underlie these regularities: (1) criteria clustering; (2) conjunctivity (including binary opposition); (3) dimension salience; and (4) marking. In addition, size of folk zoological life‐form vocabularies is positively correlated with societal complexity. This is caused by the decay of folk biological taxonomies as societies become more complex. [cognitive anthropology, ethnobiology, folk classification, language universals, language change]
Book Reviews
Authors: Greenwood Davydd J.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Ethnology: The People of the Plain: Class and Community in Lower Andalusia. David D. Gilmore.

Ethnology: The City as Context: Urbanism and Behavioral Constraints in Seville. Irwin Press.
Spiritual Aroma: Religion and Politics
Authors: FIRTH RAYMOND
Published: November 2004

Anthropological studies of religion have been largely concerned with belief, with ritual, and with the general integrative significance of religious institutions for society. But many issues in the power relations of religious affiliation are still not clear. The political implications of religion involve grave practical as well as theoretical problems. Abstractly, religion and politics are often conceived as opposed; concretely, they interact. While religion can be a powerful political instrument, it can also adapt to political ends and generate its own political structures. In contrast to the broadly affirmative role assigned by anthropologists to religion in society is Karl Marx's thesis of religion as political ideology. Reasons for granting some validity to this position but also for questioning its basic assumptions are given. The whole analysis is illustrated by a wide range of examples, from Polynesian ethnography to the history of Christianity and of Islam, and the situation of religion in modem socialist states.
Rituals of Gender Identity: Markers of Siberian Khanty Ethnicity, Status, and Belief
Authors: Balzer Marjorie Mandelstam
Published: November 2004

Siberian Khanty (Ostiak) menstrual taboos and related rituals of birth, naming, and marriage are analyzed, in order to explore cross‐cultural theories of menstrual restriction, gender stratification, and female conservatism. Emphasis is placed on Mary Douglas's idea that conflicting norms of male dominance and female independence can encourage pollution beliefs. The importance of ancestresses, female shamans, and postmenopausal women in Khanty ritual indicates that there is no male monopoly on concepts of culture, power, the sacred and the “public.” Khanty ideas about women, changing with Russian influence, are discussed in terms of slowly shifting definitions of “self and ethnicity. Data result from 13 months in the Soviet Union, including a summer ethnographic expedition to the Northern Ob River. [symbolic anthropology, pollution beliefs, gender stratification, ethnicity, Siberian Khanty (Ostiak)]
Cultural Sharing and Cultural Theory: Some Findings of a Five‐Society Study
Authors: SWARTZ MARC J.
Published: November 2004

The results of this study of the sharing of elements of culture concerned with family life among nuclear family members indicate that members of family statuses share no more with one another than they do with members of their society in general. The highest levels of sharing are found not within statuses but within families. In some family relationships it was found that high levels of sharing develop over time rather than being brought to the relationships from their outset, but this does not seem to be true of all family relationships. Differences in levels of sharing between families in the same society were found to be greater than differences between different societies. The status‐centered model of cultural sharing as currently formulated appears a weak basis for a broader cultural theory because of its failure to account for important elements in cultural distribution not attributable to status membership alone, [cultural differences, culture, family, status, theory]
Kuru and Cannibalism?
Authors: Steadman Lyle B. , Merbs Charles F.
Published: November 2004

Kuru: Early Letters and Field‐Notes from the Collection of D. Carleton Gajdusek. Judith Farquhar and D. Carleton Gajdusek, eds.
Aztec State Making: Ecology, Structure, and the Origin of the State
Authors: Brumfiel Elizabeth M.
Published: November 2004

It has become increasingly difficult to account for state formation solely in terms of ecological variables. It is suggested that consideration of prestate political structure and the interplay of ecological variables and political dynamics (political ecology) would enhance our understanding of why and how states emerge. The Aztecs provide a case for examination. [Aztecs, ecology, political competition, state origins]
Repatriating an Interpretive Anthropology: The American Studies/Cultural Criticism Connection
Authors: Marcus George E.
Published: November 2004

The Organization of American Culture, 1700–1900: Private Institutions, Elites and the Origins of American Nationality. Peter Dobkin Hall.

No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture 1880–1920. T. J. Jackson Lears.

The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the Gilded Age. Alan Trachtenberg.
Raananah, A World of Our Own.Number Our Days.
Authors: Prel Riv‐Ellen
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

FILM REVIEWS:Raananah, A World of Our Own. 1980. Produced and directed by Marlene Booth.

FILM REVIEWS:Number Our Days. 1979. Produced and directed by Lynne Littman. Based on the field‐work of Barbara G. Myerhoff.
The Misuse of Chayanov: “Chayanov's Rule” and Empiricist Bias in Anthropology
Authors: Tannenbaum Nicola
Published: November 2004

Sahlins's “Chayanov's Rule”–the more consumers each worker has to support the more work each worker does‐has characterized Chayanov's analysis for most anthropologists. I examine the relationship between the consumer/worker ratio and product per worker for the Shan community of Thongmakhsan in northwestern Thailand. Since there is no systematic relationship between these variables even when the population is divided into production strategy groups, I go on to examine the relationship between Sahlins's “Chayanov's Rule” and Chayanov's own analysis. In conclusion I raise the issue of the continuing identification of Chayanov with “Chayanov's Rule” and consider a number of possible reasons for this.
Tooth Size Variation in Prehistoric India
Authors: Lukacs John R.
Published: November 2004

Permanent dental crown dimensions are largely unknown for living and prehistoric populations of South Asia. This paper describes permanent tooth crown measurements and indices for the Late Chalcolithic skeletal series from Inamgaon (1700‐700 B.C.) in western India. These data are compared with tooth size data for prehistoric populations in India and both living and prehistoric populations outside the South Asian subcontinent. In summed cross‐sectional area, the Inamgaon (1,218 mm2) permanent teeth are most similar to prehistoric skeletal series from Mahurjhari, India, Non Nok Tha, Thailand, and Bellan Bandi Palassa, Sri Lanka. The Inamgaon total crown area is only 3.1% smaller than the figure reported for early Neolithic skeletons from Mehr‐garh, Pakistan, indicating the relatively large size of the Inamgaon dentition. Large tooth size at Inamgaon is interpreted as a biological adaptation to coarse dietary items, basic food preparation methods, and a mixed economy that included hunting wild game and collecting wild fruit. Dental indices of “ethnic” significance are perhaps better interpreted as indicators of masticatory stress and differential dental reduction. Maxillary and mandibular third molars show minimal reduction in crown size, but mandibular second molar teeth are distinctly reduced in size. The Incisor Breadth Index may indicate mixed genetic ancestry of the Inamgaon people or similar dietary stresses in genetically different populations.
Ganienkeh: Symbol and Politics in an Indian/White Conflict
Authors: Landsman Gail
Published: November 2004

A land dispute following the “repossession” of territory in upstate New York by a group of Traditionalist Mohawk Indians is examined. Each side placed the dispute within the context of preexisting conflicts that served as “interpretive frameworks” for political actors. The process of change and manipulation of symbols that publicly represented these frameworks is traced. Research findings suggest that an answer for how symbols work in mobilizing groups to action can be found in the concurrence of change in symbols and meanings with continuity of interpretive framework.
The Modern Demographic Transition: An Analysis of Subsistence Choices and Reproductive Consequences
Authors: Handwerker W. Penn
Published: November 2004

This paper argues that fertility transition comes about when personal material well‐being is determined less by personal relationships than by formal education and skill training. This transformation occurs when changes in opportunity structure and the labor market increasingly reward educationally acquired skills and perspectives, for these changes have the effect of sharply limiting or eliminating the expected intergenerational income flows from or through children. This modification and extension of Caldwell's wealth flows model permits us to account for historical‐, regional‐, and social‐class‐specific differences in the onset and pace of fertility transition, and points to new, macro‐level socioeconomic indicators whose ability to account for historical variation infertility is validated by a preliminary test.
Book Reviews
Authors: DeWalt Kathleen M.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Social/Cultural Anthropology: Food in the Social Order: Studies of Food and Festivities in Three American Communities. Mary Douglas

Social/Cultural Anthropology: Ethnic and Regional Foodways in the United States: The Performance of Group Identity. Linda Keller Brown and Kay Mussell
Film Reviews
Authors: Muecke Marjorie A.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Always There Comes a New Spring. 1983. Produced by Donald N. Brown et al.

The Phans of Jersey City. 1979. Produced by Abbie H. Fink and Stephen L. Forman. Directed by Stephen L. Forman and Dennis Lanson.
Film Reviews
Authors: Stull Donald D.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Haudenosaunee: Way of the Longhouse. 1982. A film by Robert Stiles and John Akin.

Akwesasne: Another Point of View. 1981. A film by Robert Stiles and John Akin.
Film Reviews
Authors: Reich Alice
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

We Dig Coal: A Portrait of Three Women. 1983. Produced by Thomas C. Goodwin, Dorothy McGhee, and Gerardine Wurzburg.

Coalmining Women. 1983. A film by Elizabeth Barret.
Personal Categories for Japanese Sacred Places and Gods: Views Elicited from a Conjugal Pair
Authors: Roberts John M. , Morita Saburo , Brown L. Keith
Published: November 2004

Polytheism is not likely to be understood fully until it has been investigated at individual and small group levels. In this study of Japanese religious belief, hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling, and interviewing, have been used to analyze pile sorts of the names of sacred places that a male informant could easily recall. The same procedures were then followed with the informant's gods, and by his wife for her sacred places and her gods. Particular attention was given to those sacred places and gods designated by the respondents as being especially meaningful or significant. The results are primarily person‐centered, but when matched and combined they reveal an aspect of the conjugal pair's small group culture. The names given to the idiosyncratic clusters and dimensions, too, appear to have some ethnographic generality.
A Reexamination of Eskimo‐Aleut Prehistory
Authors: Dumond Don E.
Published: November 2004

Linguistic, biological, and archeological data are reconciled to suggest the following: Northeast Asian peoples, Eskimo‐Aleuts, and most Northwest Coast Indians are related through post‐Pleistocene ancestors, some of whom were present in the New World before 8000 B.C. Speakers of ancestral Eskimo‐Aleut languages probably began to appear in the New World only around 2500 B. C. Entering as two waves that were separated in time, they divided themselves between the present zones of Aleut and Eskimo speech, within each of which later internal population movements created the cultural and linguistic uniformity known historically.
Plant Domestication and Folk‐Biological Change: The Upper Piman/Devil's Claw Example
Authors: Nabhan Gary Paul , Rea Amadeo
Published: November 2004

Ethnologists have the opportunity to document the dynamics of domestication, particularly the cognitive aspects of that process, which archeologists are unable to reconstruct. In this article we show how the recent intensification of cultivation, accompanied by genetic alteration, of a basketry fiber plant, Proboscidea parviflora subspecies parviflora, among the O'odham (Pima) has been accompanied by shifts in the structure of O'odham folk taxonomy. The emic focus on specific plant characteristics, codified in this changing lexicon, may guide cultural selection and encourage isolation of incipient domesticates from their wild progenitors.
Book Reviewes
Authors: Netting Robert McC.
Published: November 2004

Interest and Emotion: Essays on the Study of Family and Kinship. Hans Medick and David Warren Sabean, eds.

Kinship in the Past: An Anthropology of European Family Life, 1500–1900. Andrejs Plakans.
Balinese “Water Temples” and the Management of Irrigation
Authors: Lansing J. Stephen
Published: November 2004

Bali has figured prominently in debates on the question of whether irrigation centralizes state power. New evidence shows that irrigation is actually organized by networks of “water temples” that constitute an institutional system separate from the state. Earlier attempts to identify a discrete system of irrigation management misconceived the problem. For most crops, irrigation simply provides water for the plant's roots. But in a Balinese rice terrace, water is used to construct a complex, pulsed artificial ecosystem. Water temples manipulate the states of the system, at ascending levels in regional hierarchies. The permanence of water temple networks contrasts sharply with the instability of the traditional Balinese states. Since the water temples are real, perhaps it is the Balinese “state” that is chimerical.
Macro‐Micro Linkages and Structural Transformation: The Move from Full‐Time to Part‐Time Farming in a North Florida Agricultural Community
Authors: Zabawa Robert
Published: November 2004

Recent research has focused on the effects of macro‐level structural forces on local cultures and agricultural systems of production. While indigenous systems can be dramatically altered by these forces, local institutions can also try to adopt strategies for survival. In this article I focus on how the shade tobacco farmers of North Florida adapted to the market collapse of their major money crop. In order to remain in agriculture, farmers who were established in a full‐time farming tradition had to consider strategies that included part‐time farming and off‐farm work. The part‐time farmers are compared to those who have tried to remain full time to find how successful the adjustment process has been.
On Cultural and Reproductive Success: Kipsigis Evidence
Authors: Mulder Monique Borgerhoff
Published: November 2004

Studies testing the evolutionary biological prediction that striving for cultural goals is a proximate means of attaining high reproductive success are reviewed, and some of their problems are examined. Recent data from the Kipsigis of Kenya provide robust demonstration that wealth enhances a man's reproductive success. The evolutionary significance of correlations between cultural and reproductive success, and the additional problem of interpreting studies conducted in the rapidly changing environments of modern man, are discussed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Mudimbe V. Y.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

From Blessing to Violence: History and Ideology in the Circumcision Ritual of the Merina of Madagascar. Maurice Bloch.

Qui a Obstrué la Cascade?: Analyse Sémantique du Rituel de la Circoncision chez les Komo du Zaïre. Wauthier de Mahieu.
The Funding of Research in Social‐Cultural Anthropology at the National Science Foundation
Authors: Plattner Stuart , Hamilton Linda , Madden Marilyn
Published: November 2004

The National Science Foundation is the largest single source of finds for research targeted in cultural anthropology. The patterns of funding for “senior” research (post‐Ph.D.) since 1956 are described and analyzed. Total dollars spent have increased, but the average grant size has decreased in recent years. The chances of getting funding are found not to be different if one is female or more senior, has resubmitted a previously declined proposal, or has a Ph.D. from an “elite” program. Smaller proposals and proposals from “elite” institutions have a slightly higher probability of getting funded. Differences in funding across research areas (geographical and substantive) are also discussed.
Book Review
Authors: Counihan Carole M.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

General/Theoretical Anthropology: Shared Wealth and Symbol: Food, Culture, and Society in Oceania and Southeast Asia. Lenore Manderson

General/Theoretical Anthropology: Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women. Caroline Walker Bynum.
Film Review
Authors: Bee Robert L.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

The Primal Mind. 1984. Produced by Richard Berman and Alvin H. Perlmutter.

Native Land: Nomads of the Dawn. 1986. Produced and directed by John Peaslee.

Spirit of the Hunt. 1982. Produced by Thomas Howe Associates.

Itam Hakin, Hopiit. 1984. Produced and directed by Victor Masayesva
Soul and Mind: Linguistic Evidence for Ethnopsychology and Cultural History
Authors: WIERZBICKA ANNA
Published: November 2004

The author shows that the Russian word duša ‘soul’ has a much wider scope of use than the English word soul and that it embodies a different folk psychology (fully congruent with what has been described as the Russian “national character”). She also shows that the English word mind stands for an Anglo‐Saxon folk category, which has been reified as an objective category of thought. She links the decline and fall of the concept soul and the ascendancy of mind in English with changes in the cultural history and in the prevailing Western ethnophilosophy.
The Evolution of Avunculocal Chiefdoms: A Reconstruction of Taino Kinship and Politics
Authors: Keegan William F. , Maclachlan Morgan D.
Published: November 2004

Studies of prehistoric settlement patterns emphasize resource distributions, production, exchange, and political relations as the determining factors of settlement locations. Settlement patterns are also influenced by social organization. The present study examines the interrelationship of social organization, specifically matrilocal/avunculocal residence and matrilineal descent, and the Lucayan Taino settlement of the Bahama archipelago (ca. A.D. 800–1500). The study involves an archeo‐ethnological collaboration in which archeological questions of Taino kinship and politics and ethnological questions concerning the evolution of avunculocal chiefdoms are addressed. The results include a remarkably complete reconstruction of Taino social organization and a diachronic test of the evolutionary sequence proposed for the development of avunculocal institutions.
Population and Settlement Area: An Example from Iran
Authors: Sumner William M.
Published: November 2004

It can be argued that observed variation in the relationship between settlement area and population, along with uncertainties introduced by the assumption that archeological site area is equal to settlement area, makes efforts to estimate population from site area an impossible task. Such an argument leads to the conclusion that only a relative measure is justified, using site area as a proxy for population, rather than an estimator. However, the requirement for actual population estimates in production, consumption, and land use analysis is more than sufficient justification for a continued effort to develop methods of estimating population from site area.
The Making of the Maori: Culture Invention and Its Logic
Authors: Hanson Allan
Published: November 2004

“Traditional culture” is increasingly recognized to be more an invention constructed for contemporary purposes than a stable heritage handed on from the past. Anthropologists often participate in the creative process. Two distinct inventions of New Zealand Maori culture are analyzed, together with the role of anthropologists in each of them. The conclusion explores the logic of culture invention and some of its implications for the practice of anthropology.
Book Reviews: Applied Anthropology
Authors: Wolf C. P.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Social Assessment of High Technology: The Superconducting Super Collider in Southeast Michigan. Richard W. Stoffle, Michael W. Traugott, Florence Jensen, and Robert Copeland

The Superconducting Super Collider at the Stockbridge, Michigan, Site: Community Support and Land Acquisition. Richard W. Stoffle, Michael W. Traugott, Camilla L. Harshbarger, Florence V. Jensen, Michael J. Evans, and Paula Drury
Book Reviews: General/Theoretical Anthropology
Authors: Alexander Bobby C.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Ecstasy, Ritual, and Alternate Reality: Religion in a Pluralistic World. Felicitas D. Goodman

Religious Worlds: The Comparative Study of Religion. William E. Paden
Book Reviews: Social/Cultural Anthropology
Authors: Zavella Patricia
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Barrio Gangs: Street Life and Identity in Southern California. James Diego Vigil

Chicano Ethnicity. Susan E. Keefe and Amado M. Padilla
Separate People: Speaking of Creek Men and Women
Authors: Bell Amelia Rector
Published: November 2004

Subjectivity, gender, and language are examined among contemporary Creek Indians of northeastern Oklahoma. Creek men are shown to define and shape social reproduction. Women's generality and unbounded “flow,” such as that signified by menstruation, provide vitality and growth that force the separation of men from women and signal their definition as “separate(d) people.” Creek language use is shown to be organized through these mutually interdependent principles of gendered subjectivity.
Calculating the Cultural Significance of American Indian Plants: Paiute and Shoshone Ethnobotany at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Authors: Stoffle Richard W. , Halmo David B. , Evans MichaelJ. , Olmsted John E.
Published: November 2004

Ethnobotanical studies are of interest to ethnographers, ethnobotanists, and cultural historians who study the prehistoric, historic, and contemporary contribution of plants to the sociocultural adaptations of American Indian people. A critical research issue is evaluating the differential contribution of plants to American Indian adaptive strategies. This article takes the first quantitative plant evaluation model and combines it with field data from the Yucca Mountain, Nevada, ethnobotany study to explore the utility of this model for evaluating the cultural significance of botanical resources to contemporary American Indian peoples.
Book Reviews
Authors: Hanks William F.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Social/Cultural Anthropology: Maya Resistance to Spanish Rule: Time and History on a Colonial Frontier. Grant D. Jones.

Unfinished Conversations: Mayas and Foreigners between Two Wars. Paul Sullivan.
Book Reviews
Authors: Tuggle H. David
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Dynamics of Southwest Prehistory. Linda S. Cordell and George J. Gumerman

The Sociopolitical Structure of Prehistoric Southwestern Societies. Steadman Upham, Kent G. Lightfoot, and Roberta A. Jewett
Distinguished Lecture: Anthropology and the Theoretical and Paradigmatic Significance of the Collapse of Soviet and East European Communism
Authors: Harris Marvin
Published: November 2004

This essay was delivered as the Distinguished Lecture at the 90th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, November 23,1991, in Chicago, Illinois.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sponsel Leslie E.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Biological Anthropology: Ethnobiology: Implications and Applications. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Ethnobiology (Belém, 1988), Volume 1. Darrell A. Posey and William Leslie Overal

Ethnobiology: Implications and Applications. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Ethnobiology (Belém, 1988), Volume 2. Darrell A. Posey and William Leslie Overal
Film Reviews
Authors: Burns Allan
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Todos Santos: The Survivors. 1989. A film by Olivia Carrescia.

Oigame! Oigame! 1991. A video by Tanya L. Coen, John Payne, and Michael L. Higgins.
Archeology and the First Americans
Authors: McGuire Randall H.
Published: November 2004

The land! don't you feel it? Doesn't it make you want to go out and lift dead Indians tenderly from their graves, to steal from them—as if it must be clinging even to their corpses—some authenticity.
Book Reviews
Authors: Guggenheim Scott E.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Applied Anthropology: Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation. John G. Robinson and Kent H. Redford, eds.

Applied Anthropology: Resident Peoples and National Parks: Social Dilemmas and Strategies in International Conservation. Patrick C. West and Steven R. Brechin, eds.
Expansionary Dynamics of Some Early Pristine States
Authors: Algaze Guillermo
Published: November 2004

Immediately following on endogenous processes of state formation, many pristine civilizations expanded further by placing a variety of isolated core outposts at key junctions of their surrounding periphery. This cross‐cultural phenomenon is documented here in reference to early Mesopotamian (Sumerian), Classic Mesoamerican (Teotihuacan), Mature Harappan, and Predynastic Egyptian civilizations. The commonality in the use of outposts in these otherwise very different civilizations is explained by three interconnected factors shared by many early states. First, the expanding economies of increasingly urbanized early state polities required regularized access to nonlocal resources. Second, for their own political ends elites in less‐advanced surrounding communities would have been amenable to granting such access to early core societies. And, third, transportational constraints common to all premodern societies meant that the most efficient way to channel regular exchanges between distant geographic areas and differentially structured societies was by means of strategically positioned core outposts serving as collection points for peripheral resources and as distribution nodes for core‐manufactured prestige goods.
Mondo Meditations
Authors: Staples Amy J.
Published: November 2004

Baraka. 1993. 98 minutes, color. A film by H. Ron Fricke.
Autoeroticism
Authors: Napier David
Published: November 2004

Wild Wheels. 1992. 64 minutes, color. A film by Harrod Blank
Ranch Women and Men on Both Sides of the Border
Authors: Lawrence Elizabeth Atwood
Published: November 2004

Hell on Horses and Women. Alice Marriott

Charrería Mexicana: An Equestrian Folk Tradition. Kathleen Mullen Sands
Surviving Shattered Worlds: Vietnam and Cambodia
Authors: Ledgerwood Judy L.
Published: November 2004

Shattered World: Adaptation and Survival among Vietnam's Highland People during the Vietnam War. Gerald Cannon Hickey

Beyond the Killing Fields: Voices of Nine Cambodian Survivors in America. Usha Welaratna
Architectural Conspicuous Consumption and Economic Change in the Andes 845
Authors: Colloredo‐Mansfeld Rudolf
Published: November 2004

In indigenous communities in the Ecuadorian Andes, textile entrepreneurs have been building new homes in a distinctive, modern style. In contrast, their neighbors have perpetuated traditional motifs and forms. Underlying these designs are two economic systems: the national cash economy and the subsistence economy with its networks of labor reciprocity. In recent years, architecture has provided families with a forum for working out the social meaning and prestige of these different economic relationships and assets. The study of consumption patterns allows anthropologists to trace how societies transform new forms of wealth into locally structured relations of power and symbols of identity.
Anthropology and Individual Lives: The Story of the Life History and the History of the Life Story
Authors: Frank Gelya
Published: November 2004

Life Stories: The Creation of Coherence. Charlotte Linde.

Storied Lives: The Cultural Politics of Self‐Understanding. George C. Rosenwald and Richard L. Ochberg, eds.
Book Review Essays
Authors: de Brigard Emiue
Published: November 2004

Art as a Measure of the American Home: The Arts and the American Home, 1890–1930. Jessica H. Foy and Karal Ann Marling, eds.

Art as a Measure of the American Home: Inside Culture: Art and Class in the American Home. David Halle. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. 261 pp.
Book Review Essays
Authors: Bowen John R.
Published: November 2004

Cloth and Cultural Survival in Indonesia: Batak Cloth and Clothing: A Dynamic Indonesian Tradition. Sandra A. Niessen.

Cloth and Cultural Survival in Indonesia: Fragile Traditions: Indonesian Art in Jeopardy. Paul Michael Taylor, ed.
The Human Condition
Authors: Rappaport Roy A.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

The Chosen Primate: Human Nature and Cultural Diversity. Adam Kuper.
Working in Industrial Agriculture
Authors: MacLennan Carol
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

The Farm Labor Movement in the Midwest: Social Change and Adaptation among Migrant Farmworkers. W. K. Barger and Ernesto M. Rezo.

Plantation Workers: Resistance and Accommodation. Brjj V. Lai, Doug Munro, and Edward D. Beechert, eds.
A Treasure Chest of Balinese Images
Authors: Barth Fredrik
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Images of Power: Balinese Paintings Made for Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead. Hildred Geertz.
CraftingGrand CraChocolates in Contemporary France
Authors: Terrio Susan J.
Published: November 2004

C'est un magasin où le chocolat règne en maître, traité par un maître. C'est du travail cent pour cent artisanal au sens “artist” du terme, qui sait tirer de la sublime fève d'Amérique la substantifique splendeur.1
Mad Kings, Paper Houses, and an Asylum in Rural Ireland
Authors: SARIS A. JAMIE
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTS

This essay examines aspects of the local history and cultural life of St. Columba's Mental Hospital, a formerly large asylum in the west of Ireland. The way local people talk about the hospital as a place and the way the institution mixes its local, colonial, and national histories reveal that native spatial logics have succeeded in at least partially domesticating this bureaucratic structure, even as the asylum and the thinking that motivated it have contributed to historical changes at this periphery.
After Authenticity at an American Heritage Site
Authors: GABLE ERIC , HANDLER RICHARD
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTS

This essay explores what happens to a heritage site “after authenticity.” The site is Colonial Williamsburg, one of the most ambitious reconstruction projects ever undertaken and a place intended to be experienced as an objective correlate of an American national “identity.” Because it makes such claims, throughout its history the site has been subject to critiques by those wishing to undermine its authority to speak as the voice of an all‐encompassing America. Moreover, in the past 20 years, professional historians at Colonial Williamsburg have become articulate on‐site critics of the epistemology of authenticity as they promulgate a historiography currently popular in history museums and in the academy.
Situating Women's Reproductive Activities
Authors: Browner C. H.
Published: November 2004

In her pathbreaking book, Abortion and Woman's Choice, Rosalind Pollack Petchesky astutely observed that, in many societies, control over the methods and goals of reproduction is a critical site of contest, particularly between women and men. Yet the circumstances under which reproductive relations will be characterized by conflict, consensus, or some of both have seldom been systematically explored. In this paper, I therefore offer three examples of different structural contexts in which either women or men had the preponderance of power to influence key aspects of women's reproductive activities. I argue that while structural factors, notably the distribution of economic, political, and institutional resources, are fundamental, they do not only act directly but are experienced, interpreted, and made meaningful through specific cultural processes, particularly gender ideologies, norms about morality, and beliefs about how women should behave. It is together that these structural factors and cultural processes shape the climates and contexts within which women's reproductive activities are situated and take place, [reproduction, gender politics, Latin America, Mexican Americans]
Hollywood Icons, Local Demons
Authors: Malaquais Dominique
Published: November 2004

Hollywood Icons, Local Demons: Ghanaian Popular Paintings by Mark Anthony. Widener Art Gallery, Trinity College, Hartford, CT: January 31‐March 31, 2000 (review venue); Kansas City Gallery of Art, University of Missouri, Kansas City, September 8‐October 27, 2000; Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago, July 14‐September 25, 2001; Lowe Art Center, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY: December 10‐January 25, 2002 (pending funding).

Hollywood Icons, Local Demons: Ghanaian Popular Paintings by Mark Anthony. Michelle Gilbert. Hartford, CT. Trinity College, 2000.72 pp.
The Drum and the Mask: Time of the Tubuan.
Authors: Wesch Michael , Wagner Roy
Published: November 2004

The Drum and the Mask: Time of the Tubuan. 1999. 29 minutes. video by Caroline Yacoe. Charles Chess. and David Yacoe. For more information, contact University of California Extension Center for Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street, Fourth Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704.
Working Sister.
Authors: Cooper Gene
Published: November 2004

Working Sister. 1999. 27 minutes, color. film by Jennifer Steffans. For more information, contact University of California Extension Center for Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street, Fourth Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704.
Culture and Class in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Lindenbaum Shirley
Published: November 2004

Mangrove Man: Dialogics of Culture in the Sepik Estuary. David Lipset. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 335 pp.

Emerging Class in Papua New Guinea: The Telling of Difference. Deborah B. Gewertz and Frederick K. Errington. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 179 pp.
A Dictionary of Archaeology.
Authors: Anderson‐Stojanovic Virginia R.
Published: November 2004

. Dictionary of Archaeology. Ian Shaw and Robert Jameson. eds. Maiden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 624 pp.
Debating Diversity: Analysing the Discourse of Tolerance.
Authors: Kelleher William
Published: November 2004

Debating Diversity: Analysing the Discourse of Tolerance. Jan Blommaert and Jef Verschueren. New York: Routledge, 1998. 233 pp.
Eloquence in Trouble: The Poetics and Politics of Complaint in Rural Bangladesh.
Authors: Siddiqi Dlna M.
Published: November 2004

Eloquence in Trouble: The Poetics and Politics of Complaint in Rural Bangladesh. James M. Wilce. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. 300 pp.
Construction Workers, U.S.A.
Authors: House Kendall V.
Published: November 2004

Construction Workers, U.S.A. Herbert Applebaum. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. 212 pp.
Verging on Extra‐Vagance: Anthropology, History, Religion, Literature, Arts… Showbiz.
Authors: Arno Andrew
Published: November 2004

Verging on Extra‐Vagance: Anthropology, History, Religion, Literature, Arts… Showbiz. James A. Boon. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999. 361 pp.
Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory.
Authors: Dussart Françoise
Published: November 2004

Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory. Alfred Gell. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 271 pp.
Fear as a Way of Life: Mayan Widows in Rural Guatemala.
Authors: Gill Lesley
Published: November 2004

Fear as. Way of Life: Mayan Widows in Rural Guatemala. Linda Green. New York; Columbia University Press, 1999.213 pp.