bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and validation of the RiceWrist-S exoskeleton for robotic rehabilitation after incomplete spinal cord injury
Authors: Pehlivan Ali Utku , Sergi Fabrizio , Erwin Andrew , Yozbatiran Nuray , Francisco Gerard E. , O'Malley Marcia K.
Published: June 2014

Robotic devices are well-suited to provide high intensity upper limb therapy in order to induce plasticity and facilitate recovery from brain and spinal cord injury. In order to realise gains in functional independence, devices that target the distal joints of the arm are necessary. Further, the robotic device must exhibit key dynamic properties that enable both high dynamic transparency for assessment, and implementation of novel interaction control modes that significantly engage the participant. In this paper, we present the kinematic design, dynamical characterization, and clinical validation of the RiceWrist-S, a serial robotic mechanism that facilitates rehabilitation of the forearm in pronation-supination, and of the wrist in flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation. The RiceWrist-Grip, a grip force sensing handle, is shown to provide grip force measurements that correlate well with those acquired from a hand dynamometer. Clinical validation via a single case study of incomplete spinal cord injury rehabilitation for an individual with injury at the C3-5 level showed moderate gains in clinical outcome measures. Robotic measures of movement smoothness also captured gains, supporting our hypothesis that intensive upper limb rehabilitation with the RiceWrist-S would show beneficial outcomes.
Performance analysis and parameter optimization of an inner spiral in-pipe robot
Authors: Liang Liang , Peng Hui , Chen Bai , Tang Yong , Chen Sun , Xu Yan
Published: June 2014

A novel micro in-pipe robot using an internally threaded profile for propulsion is proposed in this paper, and the dynamic model of the robot in the turbulent liquid pipeline is established, and the computational fluid dynamics method is used to solve the influence of environmental parameters and operating parameters on the robotic performance. By the orthogonal experimental optimization method, the optimal inner spiral structural parametrical combination is obtained. According to the working principle of the inner spiral robot, an inner spiral driving device is designed and fabricated, and the running experiment in the pipeline full of 201 methyl silicone oil verifies the feasibility of the proposed robot. Adopting the pulsating blood flow function as the inlet condition, in a pulsating period, the robotic performance is numerically analyzed.
A combination of one-to-one teaching and small group teaching in higher music education in Norway – a good model for teaching?
Authors: Bjøntegaard Bjørg Julsrud
Published: June 2014

Instrumental teachers in higher music education in Norway and elsewhere traditionally organise their teaching as individual lessons with one teacher and one student. This paper takes a closer look at how a horn teacher at the Norwegian Academy of Music has organised her weekly teaching in individual, small group and master class lessons with all her students. The project being described in the paper has since been extended to other instruments, but this paper concentrates on the horn model. The main focus is on small group lessons where the students themselves play and comment on fellow students’ performances. The evidence suggests that a combination of teaching in individual, small group and master class lessons is the best way of educating students as responsible, reflective and professional musicians.
The integration of visual expression in music education for children
Authors: Roels Johanna Maria , Van Petegem Peter
Published: June 2014

This study is the result of a two-year experimental collaboration with children from my piano class. Together, the children and I designed a method that uses visual expression as a starting point for composing and visualising music-theoretical concepts. In this method various dimensions of musicality such as listening, creating, noting down and performing are interrelated. The article goes on to compare this method with other piano methods in which visual expression is part of the learning process. The findings indicate that, by using their visual capacity, children can acquire a deeper insight of what music means as structured material and a better understanding of the music terminology.
MODEL DISCOVERY AND TRYGVE HAAVELMO’S LEGACY
Authors: Hendry David F. , Johansen Søren
Published: June 2014

Trygve Haavelmo’sProbability Approachaimed to implement economic theories, but he later recognized their incompleteness. Although he did not explicitly consider model selection, we apply it when theory-relevant variables, {Xt}, are retained without selection while selecting other candidate variables, {Wt}. Under the null that the {Wt} are irrelevant, by orthogonalizing with respect to the {Xt}, the estimator distributions of theXt’s parameters are unaffected by selection even for more variables than observations and for endogenous variables. Under the alternative, when the joint model nests the generating process, an improved outcome results from selection. This implements Haavelmo’s program relatively costlessly.
Personal Beliefs about Experiences in those at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Stowkowy Jacqueline , Perkins Diana O. , Woods Scott W. , Nyman Karissa , Addington Jean
Published: June 2014

Background: Negative beliefs about illness in early psychosis have been shown to have an unfavourable impact on one's quality of life. A shift of focus in psychosis research has been on the detection of individuals considered to be at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis. Little is known about the impact that beliefs about psychotic like experiences or attenuated psychotic symptoms may have on CHR individuals. Aim: To explore these beliefs in a large sample of young people at CHR of developing psychosis using the Personal Beliefs about Experiences Questionnaire (PBEQ). Method: Beliefs about unusual experiences were assessed in 153 CHR individuals with the PBEQ. Prodromal symptoms (measured by the SIPS) and depression (measured by the CDSS) were also assessed. Results: In CHR individuals, holding more negative beliefs was associated with increased severity in depression and negative symptoms. Higher scores on suspiciousness were associated with increased negative beliefs, and higher levels of grandiosity were associated with decreased negative beliefs. Those who later transitioned to psychosis agreed significantly more with statements concerning control over experiences (i.e. “my experiences frighten me”, “I find it difficult to cope). Conclusions: The results suggest that targeting negative beliefs and other illness related appraisals is an important objective for intervention strategies.
Cruel to care? Investigating the governance of compassion in the humanitarian imaginary
Authors: Käpylä Juha , Kennedy Denis
Published: June 2014

Compassion is a key moral emotion of liberal modernity. Traditionally, it is seen as an unproblematic moral compass, both theoretically and ethico-politically. This applies especially in the case of humanitarian action, which hinges on the compassionate impulses of individuals – to care, to give and to act – in the face of distant suffering. The article takes a critical approach to compassion. It argues that humanitarian action is incomprehensible outside of a general theory of how compassion structures the encounter between the suffering object of relief and the caring public. It does this by elaborating a pragmatist and eclectic approach to compassion in which seemingly internal affective responses have a socio-political existence and are already enabled by productive power, in particular by socially circulated and embodied narrative frames. By engaging a representative sample of NGO imagery related to the 2010 post-earthquake response in Haiti, the article illustrates not only how specific narrative frames seek to both elicit and govern the ways of feeling compassion, but also how these aesthetic and emotional practices are ethico-politically problematic in portraying distant sufferers and facilitating action. As a result, the benevolent self-image of compassion becomes circumspect. The article concludes by exploring two alternative avenues for compassion and caring.
Chopping the world into bits: Africa, the World Bank, and the good governance norm
Authors: Gallagher Julia
Published: June 2014

This article explores norms as idealizations, in an attempt to grasp their significance as projects for international organizations. We can think about norms as ‘standards of proper behaviour’. In this sense they are somehow natural, things to be taken for granted, noticed only really when they are absent. We can also think about norms as ‘understandings about what is good and appropriate’. In this sense, norms embody a stronger sense of virtue and an ability to enable progress or improvement. Norms become ideal when they are able to conflate what is good with what is appropriate, standard, or proper. It is when the good becomes ‘natural’ that a norm appears immanent and non-contestable, and so acquires an idealized form.45Along with the other articles in this special issue, I will attempt to challenge some of the complacency surrounding the apparent naturalness and universality of norms employed in international relations.
“Open the Gates Mek We Repatriate”: Caribbean slavery, constructivism, and hermeneutic tensions
Authors: Shilliam Robbie
Published: June 2014

Constructivism has inherited a hermeneutic tension from the sociology of knowledge tradition regarding a strong ontological proposition that all social beings interpret their reality and a qualified epistemological proposition that some social beings are better able to interpret the reality of others. This article focuses on the politics of knowledge production that arise from this tension, namely that a privileged group, the ‘scholastic caste’, possesses the power to de-value the explanations of ‘lay’ groups’ experiences by deeming them to be insufficiently ‘scientific’. The article explores these politics by addressing the meaning of the abolition of and emancipation from Atlantic slavery, a case study popularly used in constructivist literature. Noting the absence of engagement by constructivists with the ‘lay’ interpretations of enslaved Africans and their descendants, the article explores a hermeneutical position developed by the Jamaican sociologist and novelist, Erna Brodber, which directly addresses these tensions.
A design of analog VDD generator for passive UHF RFID Tag in 90 nm CMOS
Authors: Hassouni Smail , Qjidaa Hassan
Published: June 2014

This paper introduces a VDD generator for the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) passive Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, consisting of an RF-limiter, an NMOS rectifier, a DC-limiter, and a regulator. The proposed NMOS rectifier utilizes diode-connected native NMOS transistors with ultralow-threshold voltage instead of Schottky diodes. The theoretical equations for predicting the performance of the VDD generator are provided and verified by both simulation results in 90 nm CMOS process. The proposed VDD generator generates a 1.19-V stable output voltage with low-power dissipation and a 26.96% larger power conversion efficiency under conditions of 50 Ω antenna, 900 MHz, −23 dBm input power and 1 M DC output load. The chip area of the proposed VDD generator is only 105 × 85 μm. The simulation results indicated that the presented novel VDD generator is capable to provide efficient, stable, and input-independent power supply for Passive UHF RFID tag
Lücken im Lebenslauf
Authors: Frank Florian , Kanning Uwe P.
Published: June 2014

In einer Studie mit 1423 Probanden wird erstmals die Frage untersucht, inwieweit Lücken im Lebenslauf in einem signifikanten Zusammenhang zu verschiedenen Persönlichkeitsmaßen (Big Five, Leistungsmotivation, Selbstkontrolle und Zielorientierung) stehen. Nach der Herauspartialisierung demographischer Variablen (Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung) sowie der Tendenz zum sozial erwünschten Antwortverhalten ergaben sich bei fünf Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen (Extraversion, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Leistungsmotivation, Selbstkontrolle und Zielorientierung) sehr geringe Zusammenhänge zwischen -.09 und -.148. Die Korrelationen steigen z. T. jedoch deutlich an, wenn man die Gründe für die entstandenen Lücken im Lebenslauf berücksichtigt. Die Nutzung von Lücken im Lebenslauf als Kriterium der Personalauswahl wird kritisch diskutiert. Zudem wird ein Ausblick auf die weitere Forschung gegeben.
Interessenkongruenz, Belastungserleben und motivationale Orientierung bei Einsteigern im Lehramtsstudium
Authors: Kaub Kathrin , Stoll Gundula , Biermann Antje , Spinath Frank M. , Brünken Roland
Published: June 2014

Auf der Grundlage von Dozenten- (N = 41) und Studierendenbefragungen (N = 500) in unterschiedlichen Fachrichtungen der Lehramtsausbildung (Natur-/Geistes-/Sprach-/Sportwissenschaft) zielt das vorliegende Forschungsvorhaben (1) auf die Bildung psychosozialer und anforderungsbasierter Umweltprofile für das Lehramtsstudium und (2) auf die Validierung der in der Literatur diskutierten Berechnungsverfahren zur Interessenkongruenz. Untersucht werden die Zusammenhänge der unterschiedlich gebildeten Kongruenzmaße mit verschiedenen Merkmalen einer erfolgreichen Studienwahl (Zufriedenheit, Leistung, intrinsische Berufswahlmotivation, Umgang mit Belastungen). Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutliche Unterschiede in den Lehramtsprofilen je nach Fachrichtung und Bestimmungsmethodik (psychosozial vs. anforderungsbasiert) und sprechen eindeutig für die Validität eines dimensionsanalytischen im Gegensatz zu einem klassisch typologischen Kongruenzberechnungsverfahrens.
Einflussfaktoren emotionaler Erschöpfung und Arbeitszufriedenheit
Authors: Turgut Sarah , Michel Alexandra , Sonntag Karlheinz
Published: June 2014

Da Gesundheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit von Mitarbeitern durch vielfältige Faktoren auf mehreren inhaltlichen Ebenen (Arbeitsplatz, Individuum, Team, Führung, Organisation) bestimmt werden, bedarf es eines Analyseansatzes, der multiple Zusammenhänge berücksichtigt. In dieser Studie wurde ein arbeitspsychologischer Ansatz in einem deutschen Unternehmen mit 1841 Teilnehmern erprobt. Mithilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen Belastungen und Ressourcen unterschiedlicher inhaltlicher Ebenen und emotionaler Erschöpfung sowie Arbeitszufriedenheit überprüft. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Faktoren der untersuchten fünf Ebenen in signifikantem Zusammenhang mit Arbeitszufriedenheit stehen. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass emotionale Erschöpfung den Zusammenhang zwischen den Belastungen sowie Ressourcen und der Arbeitszufriedenheit partiell mediiert. Die Ergebnisse der Studie verdeutlichen, dass die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung vielfältige Maßnahmen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen verfolgen sollte, um emotionale Erschöpfung zu reduzieren und Arbeitszufriedenheit zu erhöhen. Beispiele für Interventionen der unterschiedlichen Ebenen (u. a. ergonomische und psychische Belastungsanalysen, Teamfindungsmaßnahmen) werden diskutiert.
Coral transcriptome and bacterial community profiles reveal distinct Yellow Band Disease states inOrbicella faveolata
Authors: Closek Collin J , Sunagawa Shinichi , DeSalvo Michael K , Piceno Yvette M , DeSantis Todd Z , Brodie Eoin L , Weber Michele X , Voolstra Christian R , Andersen Gary L , Medina Mónica
Published: June 2014

Coral diseases impact reefs globally. Although we continue to describe diseases, little is known about the etiology or progression of even the most common cases. To examine a spectrum of coral health and determine factors of disease progression we examined Orbicella faveolata exhibiting signs of Yellow Band Disease (YBD), a widespread condition in the Caribbean. We used a novel combined approach to assess three members of the coral holobiont: the coral-host, associated Symbiodinium algae, and bacteria. We profiled three conditions: (1) healthy-appearing colonies (HH), (2) healthy-appearing tissue on diseased colonies (HD), and (3) diseased lesion (DD). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed health state-specific diversity in Symbiodinium clade associations. 16S ribosomal RNA gene microarrays (PhyloChips) and O. faveolata complimentary DNA microarrays revealed the bacterial community structure and host transcriptional response, respectively. A distinct bacterial community structure marked each health state. Diseased samples were associated with two to three times more bacterial diversity. HD samples had the highest bacterial richness, which included components associated with HH and DD, as well as additional unique families. The host transcriptome under YBD revealed a reduced cellular expression of defense- and metabolism-related processes, while the neighboring HD condition exhibited an intermediate expression profile. Although HD tissue appeared visibly healthy, the microbial communities and gene expression profiles were distinct. HD should be regarded as an additional (intermediate) state of disease, which is important for understanding the progression of YBD.
Nitrogen stress response and stringent response are coupled in Escherichia coli
Authors: Brown Daniel R. , Barton Geraint , Pan Zhensheng , Buck Martin , Wigneshweraraj Sivaramesh
Published: June 2014

Assimilation of nitrogen is an essential process in bacteria. The nitrogen regulation stress response is an adaptive mechanism used by nitrogen-starved Escherichia coli to scavenge for alternative nitrogen sources and requires the global transcriptional regulator NtrC. In addition, nitrogen-starved E. coli cells synthesize a signal molecule, guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), which serves as an effector molecule of many processes including transcription to initiate global physiological changes, collectively termed the stringent response. The regulatory mechanisms leading to elevated ppGpp levels during nutritional stresses remain elusive. Here, we show that transcription of relA, a key gene responsible for the synthesis of ppGpp, is activated by NtrC during nitrogen starvation. The results reveal that NtrC couples these two major bacterial stress responses to manage conditions of nitrogen limitation, and provide novel mechanistic insights into how a specific nutritional stress leads to elevating ppGpp levels in bacteria.
Layer Anti-Ferromagnetism on Bilayer Honeycomb Lattice
Authors: Tao Hong-Shuai , Chen Yao-Hua , Lin Heng-Fu , Liu Hai-Di , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: June 2014

Bilayer honeycomb lattice, with inter-layer tunneling energy, has a parabolic dispersion relation and the inter-layer hopping can cause the charge imbalance between two sublattices. Here, we investigate the metal-insulator and magnetic phase transitions on the strongly correlated bilayer honeycomb lattice by cellular dynamical mean-field theory combined with continuous time quantum Monte Carlo method. The procedures of magnetic spontaneous symmetry breaking on dimer and non-dimer sites are different, causing a novel phase transition between normal anti-ferromagnet and layer anti-ferromagnet. The whole phase diagrams about the magnetism, temperature, interaction and inter-layer hopping are obtained. Finally, we propose an experimental protocol to observe these phenomena in future optical lattice experiments.
Facile strain analysis of largely bending films by a surface-labelled grating method
Authors: Akamatsu Norihisa , Tashiro Wataru , Saito Keisuke , Mamiya Jun-ichi , Kinoshita Motoi , Ikeda Tomiki , Takeya Jun , Fujikawa Shigenori , Priimagi Arri , Shishido Atsushi
Published: June 2014

Mechanical properties of flexible films, for example surface strain of largely bending films, are key to design of stretchable electronic devices, wearable biointegrated devices and soft microactuators/robots. However, existing methods are mainly based on strain-gauge measurements that require miniaturized array sensors, lead wires and complicated calibrations. Here we introduce a facile method, based on surface-labelled gratings, for two-dimensional evaluation of surface strains in largely bending films. With this technique, we demonstrate that soft-matter mechanics can be distinct from the mechanics of hard materials. In particular, liquid-crystalline elastomers may undergo unconventional bending in three dimensions, in which both the inner and outer surfaces of the bending film are compressed. We also show that this method can be applied to amorphous elastomeric films, which highlights the general importance of this new mechanical evaluation tool in designing soft-matter-based electronic/photonic as well as biointegrated materials.
Fluorescence quenching studies of CTAB stabilized perylene nanoparticles for the determination of Cr(vi) from environmental samples: spectroscopic approach
Authors: Dalavi Dattatray K. , Bhopate D. P. , Bagawan A. S. , Gore A. H. , Desai N. K. , Kamble A. A. , Mahajan P. G. , Kolekar G. B. , Patil Shivajirao R.
Published: June 2014

CTAB-PNPs are bound to dichromate ion by electrostatic interaction to form stable non-fluorescent micellar complex which is responsible for the ‘FL quenching’ of CTAB-PNPs.
An expedient approach to pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines via regioselective formation of the pyrrole nucleus over indoles
Authors: Karkhelikar Manjusha V. , Jha Rajeev R. , Sridhar B. , Likhar Pravin R. , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: June 2014

The regioselective synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines from protected 2-alkynylanilines by Heck and intramolecular Michael addition has been described.
Progressive compression of 1,ω-diammonium-alkanes inside a rigid crystalline molecular cage
Authors: Dumitrescu Dan , Legrand Yves-Marie , Petit Eddy , van der Lee Arie , Barboiu Mihail
Published: June 2014

The compression of alkanes inside molecular capsules previously predicted by modelling and confirmed by spectroscopic studies is supported by the crystal structures of confined 1,ω-diammonium-alkanes.
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous triflic acid confined in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Clark II Jeffrey K. , Habenicht Bradley F. , Paddison Stephen J.
Published: June 2014

AIMD simulations were performed to explore proton dissociation and transfer of triflic acid at low hydration levels confined within carbon nanotubes with different surface chemistry and channel dimensions.
A quantum algorithm for obtaining the energy spectrum of a physical system without guessing its eigenstates
Authors: Wang Hefeng
Published: June 2014

We present a quantum algorithm that provides a general approach for obtaining the energy spectrum of a physical system without making a guess on its eigenstates.
On the infrared activation of the breathing mode of methane in ice
Authors: Escribano R. , Timón V. , Gálvez O. , Maté B. , Moreno M. A. , Herrero V. J.
Published: June 2014

The IR activation of theν1mode of CH4in CH4 : H2O ice mixtures is studied using DFT methods for amorphous solids.
Evaluating the cation binding strength and selectivity of calix[4]pyrroles: a computational and ESI-MS/MS study
Authors: Dinesh Kumar Chinthapalli , Sharma Bhaskar , Soujanya Yarasi , Chary Vadla Naresh , Patpi Santhosh Reddy , Kantevari Srinivas , Sastry Garikapati Narahari , Prabhakar Sripadi
Published: June 2014

The cation binding strength of calix[4]pyrroles in the gas phase has been evaluated by computational studies and further substantiated by ESI mass spectrometry experiments.
Deoxydehydration of glycerol to allyl alcohol catalyzed by rhenium derivatives
Authors: Canale Valentino , Tonucci Lucia , Bressan Mario , d'Alessandro Nicola
Published: June 2014

Both ReO3 and methyltrioxorhenium combined with alcohol reductants are used for the efficient deoxydehydration of glycerol to allyl alcohol.
Microwave-assisted incorporation of silver nanoparticles in paper for point-of-use water purification
Authors: Dankovich Theresa A.
Published: June 2014

The microwave irradiation-formed AgNPs on paper filters very effectively inactivated model bacteria in water purification experiments.
Continuous syntheses of Pd@Pt and Cu@Ag core–shell nanoparticles using microwave-assisted core particle formation coupled with galvanic metal displacement
Authors: Miyakawa Masato , Hiyoshi Norihito , Nishioka Masateru , Koda Hidekazu , Sato Koichi , Miyazawa Akira , Suzuki Toshishige M.
Published: June 2014

Continuous syntheses of Pd@Pt core–shell nanoparticles were performed using flow processes including microwave-assisted Pd core–nanoparticle formation.
Graphene nanoarchitecture in batteries
Authors: Wei Di , Astley Michael R. , Harris Nadine , White Richard , Ryhänen Tapani , Kivioja Jani
Published: June 2014

We report how the energy capacity and dynamic response of a battery can be modified by changing graphene nanoarchitecture.
Quantum-confined single photon emission at room temperature from SiC tetrapods
Authors: Castelletto Stefania , Bodrog Zoltán , Magyar Andrew P. , Gentle Angus , Gali Adam , Aharonovich Igor
Published: June 2014

Crystal phase silicon carbide tetrapods with a cubic core and hexagonal arms exhibit narrowband single photon emission.
Three-dimensional hierarchical Te–Si nanostructures
Authors: Lim Jae-Hong , Shin Gyeong-Jin , Hwang Tae-Yeon , Lim Hyo-Ryoung , Lee Young-In , Lee Kyu-Hwan , Kim Sung-Dae , Oh Min-Wook , Park Su-Dong , Myung Nosang V. , Choa Yong-Ho
Published: June 2014

3D hybrid Te–Si nanostructures synthesized by galvanic displacement reaction can be used for high efficient photoelectronic and photoelectrochemical applications.
Tempo-spatially resolved cellular dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus transacting activator of transcription (Tat) peptide-modified nanocargos in living cells
Authors: Wei Lin , Yang Qiaoyu , Xiao Lehui
Published: June 2014

The tempo-spatially resolved dynamics of Tat peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles (TGNPs) in living HeLa cells revealed that TGNPs could not actively target the cell nuclei and the inheritance of TGNPs to the daughter cells through mitosis was the major route to metabolize TGNPs by HeLa cells.
Triflic acid-promoted cycloisomerization of 2-alkynylphenyl isothiocyanates and isocyanates: a novel synthetic method for a variety of indole derivatives
Authors: Saito Takao , Sonoki Yoshihiko , Otani Takashi , Kutsumura Noriki
Published: June 2014

A unique method for synthesis of structurally diverse types of indoles involving a triflic acid-promoted cycloisomerization and a Wagner–Meerwein-type rearrangement is described.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hydrogen sulfide releasing derivatives of 3-n-butylphthalide as potential antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Wang Linna , Sheng Xiao , Huang Zhangjian , Li Tingting , Zhang Ming , Xu Jinyi , Ji Hui , Yin Jian , Zhang Yihua
Published: June 2014

Compound8eprotected against the collagen and adrenaline induced thrombosis in mice, and exhibited greater antithrombotic activity than NBP and aspirin in rats.
Copper(i)-induced amplification of a [2]catenane in a virtual dynamic library of macrocyclic alkenes
Authors: Berrocal José Augusto , Nieuwenhuizen Marko M. L. , Mandolini Luigi , Meijer E. W. , Di Stefano Stefano
Published: June 2014

The interlocked virtual component 1 of a well-behaved dynamic library of cyclic olefins is resuscitated by means of the template effect.
Synthesis of fluorinated alkoxyamines and alkoxyamine-initiated nitroxide-mediated precipitation polymerizations of styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Magee Christopher , Earla Aruna , Petraitis Jennifer , Higa Chad , Braslau Rebecca , Zetterlund Per B. , Aldabbagh Fawaz
Published: June 2014

The first controlled/living precipitation NMP in supercritical carbon dioxide in the absence of nitroxide and comparisons with fluorinated alkoxyamines.
Chopping unfunctionalized carbon–carbon bonds: a new paradigm for the synthesis of organonitriles
Authors: Bisseret Philippe , Duret Guillaume , Blanchard Nicolas
Published: June 2014

Chopping of carbon–carbon bonds was very recently shown to be an efficient new strategy for the synthesis of organonitriles, as developed in this Highlight.
Analysis of slumping on nanoimprint patterning with pseudoplastic metal nanoparticle fluid
Authors: Dongxue Li , Yufeng Su , Weiwei Xia , Chaoran Liu , Wen Wang , Pan Wang , Zhiyong Duan
Published: June 2014

The slumping in nanoimprint lithography with pseudoplastic metal nanoparticle fluid.
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles through reduction by ε-caprolactam without using protecting agent
Authors: Duan Jianping , Zhao Dajiang , Yang Guisheng
Published: June 2014

ε-Caprolactam was used as a multifunctional medium to synthesize silver nanoparticles, in which ε-caprolactam played three key roles including reducing agent, protecting agent and solvent.
Post-isomorphic substitution of trivalent metal cations for Ca2+in portlandite crystals
Authors: Kim Jun Hyung , Park Man , Imran Ahmad , Choi Min-Cheol , Kim Kwang Seop , Komarneni Sridhar
Published: June 2014

A variety of trivalent cations substitute for Ca2+ions in already crystallized phase of portlandite throughin situtopochemical reaction.
Chiral differentiation of novel isoxazoline derivatives on “clicked” thioether and triazole bridged cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases
Authors: Yao Xiaobin , Gong Yan , Mamuti Rehangu , Xing Wenwen , Zheng Hao , Tang Xiangyang , Wang Yong
Published: June 2014

This work first demonstrates the complete chiral resolution of novel isoxazoline derivatives on smartly designed triazole- and thioether-bridged native cyclodextrin (CD) chiral stationary phases (CSPs).
Highly transparent, bright green, sol–gel-derived monolithic silica-(Tb,Ce)PO4 glass-ceramic phosphors
Authors: Kajihara Koichi , Yamaguchi Shiori , Kaneko Ken , Kanamura Kiyoshi
Published: June 2014

A cosolvent-free sol–gel method yields monolithic silica glasses containing (Tb,Ce)PO4 nanocrystals, free from Rayleigh scattering, and exhibiting ultraviolet-induced bright green photoluminescence.
Effect of cold plasma treatment on surface properties and gas permeability of polyimide films
Authors: Fatyeyeva Kateryna , Dahi Abdellatif , Chappey Corinne , Langevin Dominique , Valleton Jean-Marc , Poncin-Epaillard Fabienne , Marais Stéphane
Published: June 2014

Surface functionalization of polyimide films was carried out by cold plasma treatment using a radio frequency discharge and the optimum plasma conditions were evaluated by water contact angle measurements. The relationship between gas permeation behaviour and surface modification of the films was discussed.
Low voltage non-gassing electro-osmotic pump with zeta potential tuned aluminosilicate frits and organic dye electrodes
Authors: Lakhotiya Harish , Mondal Kunal , Nagarale Rajaram K. , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: June 2014

A novel low-voltage non-gassing electro-osmotic pump using organic-dye electrodes and aluminosilicate frits is demonstrated.
Enhanced H-bonding and π-stacking in DNA: a potent duplex-stabilizing and mismatch sensing nucleobase analogue
Authors: Lou Chenguang , Dallmann Andre , Marafini Pietro , Gao Rachel , Brown Tom
Published: June 2014

Combining enhanced π-stacking, H-bonding and electrostatic attraction in a single C-monomer greatly increases DNA duplex stability and massively destabilises mismatches.
Montmorillonite as bifunctional buffer layer material for hybrid perovskite solar cells with protection from corrosion and retarding recombination
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Dong Haopeng , Wang Liduo , Li Nan , Guo Xudong , Li Jiangwei , Qiu Yong
Published: June 2014

Perovskite corrosion by TBP was proved, and montmorillonite (MMT) was used as dual-functional buffer layer to prevent corrosion and retard electron recombination.
Single-ion conductor nanocomposite organic–inorganic hybrid membranes for lithium batteries
Authors: Meyer Mathieu , Vechambre Cyril , Viau Lydie , Mehdi Ahmad , Fontaine Olivier , Mourad Eléonore , Monge Sophie , Chenal Jean-Marc , Chazeau Laurent , Vioux André
Published: June 2014

A straightforward and versatile sol–gel process for the design and preparation of single-ion conductor flexible membranes.
α-Fe2O3 spherical nanocrystals supported on CNTs as efficient non-noble electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Sun Meng , Dong Youzhen , Zhang Gong , Qu Jiuhui , Li Jinghong
Published: June 2014

Substitution of low-cost and non-noble-metal catalysts for expensive and scarce Pt to optimize the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), aimed for applications in producing economical fuel cells, is crucial for solving the world-wide energy crisis in the future.
Periodically textured metal electrodes: large-area fabrication, characterization, simulation, and application as efficient back-reflective scattering contact-electrodes for thin-film solar cells
Authors: Liang Xuejiao , Liu Bofei , Bai Lisha , Liang Junhui , Gao Haibo , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: June 2014

Periodically textured metal electrodes fabricated with a unique sauna-like method are experimentally and theoretically demonstrated to improve the long-wavelength light absorption of silicon-based solar cells.
Ultra-long magnetic nanochains for highly efficient arsenic removal from water
Authors: Das Gautom Kumar , Bonifacio Cecile S. , De Rojas Julius , Liu Kai , van Benthem Klaus , Kennedy Ian M.
Published: June 2014

Ultralong chains of iron oxide nanoparticles make excellent adsorbents of arsenic in water.
Water dispersible electrically conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanospindles by liquid crystalline template assisted polymerization
Authors: Devaki Sudha J. , Sadanandhan Neethu K. , Sasi Renjith , Adler Hans-Juergen P. , Pich Andrij
Published: June 2014

Formation of nanospindles of PEDOT through liquid crystalline template polymerization.
Oxidative DNA damage and formalin-fixation procedures
Authors: Peluso Marco E. M. , Munnia Armelle , Tarocchi Mirko , Giese Roger W. , Annaratone Laura , Bussolati Gianni , Bono Roberto
Published: June 2014

An experimental study on how formaldehyde-fixation is capable of inducing excess oxidative DNA damage in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
Elucidation of the preferred routes of C8-vinyl reduction in chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis
Authors: Canniffe Daniel P. , Chidgey Jack W. , Hunter C. Neil
Published: June 2014

Most of the chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls utilized for light harvesting by phototrophic organisms carry an ethyl group at the C8 position of the molecule, the product of a C8-vinyl reductase acting on a chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic precursor. Two unrelated classes of C8-vinyl reductase are known to exist, BciA and BciB, found in the purple phototroph Rhodobacter sphaeroides and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 respectively. We constructed strains of each bacterium with the native C8-vinyl reductase swapped for the other class of the enzyme, and combined these replacements with a series of deletions of the native bch and chl genes. In vivo data indicate that the preferred substrates for both classes of the enzyme is C8-vinyl chlorophyllide, with C8-vinyl protochlorophyllide reduced only under conditions in which this pigment accumulates as a result of perturbed formation of chlorophyllide.
Development of Spatial Release From Masking in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Normal Hearing
Authors: Yuen Kevin C. P. , Yuan Meng
Published: June 2014

Purpose

This study investigated the development of spatial release from masking in children using closed-set Mandarin disyllabic words and monosyllabic words carrying lexical tones as test stimuli and speech spectrum–weighted noise as a masker.

Method

Twenty-six children ages 4–9 years and 12 adults, all with normal hearing, participated in speech recognition tests under 2 conditions: (a) speech and noise spatially mixed and presented from the front (NF), and (b) speech presented from the front with noise spatially separated and presented from the side (NS) with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Performance-SNR psychometric functions were obtained that generated the SNR for a 50% correct score (SNR-50%) as the outcome measure.

Results

In the child participants, SNR-50% improved with age in NS but not NF. The difference in SNR-50% between NS and NF—the spatial release from masking (SRM)—increased with age with an average improvement of 0.1–0.15 dB per month.

Conclusions

SRM has a long developmental time, at least up to 9 years of age, which is significantly longer than some previous developmental studies have suggested. The child participants had not yet reached the adult SRM performance level. SRM is a potential clinical measure to reflect the maturation of spatial auditory processing.
A micro-sized model for the in vivo study of nanoparticle toxicity: what has Caenorhabditis elegans taught us?
Authors: Choi Jinhee , Tsyusko Olga V. , Unrine Jason M. , Chatterjee Nivedita , Ahn Jeong-Min , Yang Xinyu , Thornton B. Lila , Ryde Ian T. , Starnes Daniel , Meyer Joel N.
Published: June 2014

Environmental context The ability of the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to withstand a wide range of environmental conditions makes it an idea model for studying the bioavailability and effects of engineered nanomaterials. We critically review what has been learned about the environmental fate of engineered nanoparticles, their effects and their mechanisms of toxicity using this model organism. Future systematic manipulation of nanoparticle properties and environmental variables should elucidate how their interaction influences toxicity and increase the predictive power of nanomaterial toxicity studies. Abstract Recent years have seen a rapid increase in studies of nanoparticle toxicity. These are intended both to reduce the chances of unexpected toxicity to humans or ecosystems, and to inform a predictive framework that would improve the ability to design nanoparticles that are less likely to cause toxicity. Nanotoxicology research has been carried out using a wide range of model systems, including microbes, cells in culture, invertebrates, vertebrates, plants and complex assemblages of species in microcosms and mesocosms. These systems offer different strengths and have also resulted in somewhat different conclusions regarding nanoparticle bioavailability and toxicity. We review the advantages offered by the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, summarise what has been learned about uptake, distribution and effects of nanoparticles in this organism and compare and contrast these results with those obtained in other organisms, such as daphnids, earthworms, fish and mammalian models.
First in, first served: uptake of 1080 poison fox baits in south-west Western Australia
Authors: Dundas Shannon J. , Adams Peter J. , Fleming Patricia A.
Published: June 2014

Context
In Western Australia, baits containing 1080 poison are widely used to control the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) for fauna conservation. Despite long-term (15–17 years) baiting programs, bait uptake by target and non-target species is largely unknown, but affects baiting efficacy.

Aims
We examined bait uptake of 1080-poisoned fox baits laid according to current practice at seven riparian sites in the northern jarrah forest (of south-west Western Australia). There, intensive baiting regimes have been implemented for the protection of quokka (Setonix brachyurus) populations.

Methods
Over 9 months, 299 Probait® baits were monitored regularly to determine their persistence, and, at 142 of these, Reconyx HC500 remote cameras were used to identify the species taking baits. To compare bait uptake with species presence at these sites, we calculated an activity index for each species from the number of passes of animals in front of the cameras.

Key results
The species taking baits was identified for 100 of the baits monitored with cameras, and, because of multiple species taking baits, 130 bait take incidents were recorded in total. The fate of 40 of the baits was not discernible and two baits were not removed. In all, 99% of baits monitored by cameras were taken by non-target species and quokkas took 48% of them. The majority of baits (62% of the total 299 monitored) were taken before or on the first night of deployment, and 95% of baits had been taken within 7 days. With the exception of feral pigs, which took more baits than predicted from their activity index at these sites, baits were taken in proportion to the activity index of species. Foxes were present at four of the seven sites, but only one fox was observed taking a bait.

Conclusions
The high level of uptake of baits by non-target animals reflects their diversity and abundance at these sites, but also significantly reduces the availability of baits to control foxes.

Implications
Strategies to reduce non-target bait uptake and increase bait availability for foxes are required.
Murine Joubert syndrome reveals Hedgehog signaling defects as a potential therapeutic target for nephronophthisis
Authors: Hynes Ann Marie , Giles Rachel H. , Srivastava Shalabh , Eley Lorraine , Whitehead Jennifer , Danilenko Marina , Raman Shreya , Slaats Gisela G. , Colville John G. , Ajzenberg Henry , Kroes Hester Y. , Thelwall Peter E. , Simmons Nicholas L. , Miles Colin G. , Sayer John A.
Published: June 2014

Significance

The molecular mechanisms underlying the juvenile onset cystic kidney disease nephronophthisis, remain incompletely understood. Our mutant mouse model identifies abnormal Hedgehog signaling as the primary lesion in nephronophthisis, although currently the perceived knowledge is that aberrant wingless-int signaling is responsible. Primary kidney collecting duct cells isolated from mutant mice with nephronophthisis are morphologically and functionally rescued when Hedgehog signaling is stimulated. This finding was replicated in ex vivo cultured urine-derived renal epithelial cells from a patient with Joubert syndrome and nephronophthisis. Understanding the initial molecular mechanisms of nephronophthisis is a significant advancement of the wider field of ciliopathies and identifies Hedgehog signaling as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions.
Stem cell differentiation as a many-body problem
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wolynes Peter G.
Published: June 2014

Significance

A molecular understanding of stem cell differentiation requires the study of gene regulatory network dynamics that includes the statistics of synthesizing transcription factors, their degradation, and their binding to the DNA. Brute force simulation for complex large realistic networks can be computationally challenging. Here we develop a sound approximation method built upon theories originating from quantum statistical mechanics to study the network for embryonic stem cell development. Mechanistic insight is provided on the role of the master regulator Nanog in safeguarding stem cell pluripotency. We also demonstrate the significant influence of DNA-binding kinetics, an aspect that often has been overlooked, on the transition rate between gene network steady states.
Chapter 1. Language socialization into Chinese language and “Chineseness” in diaspora communities
Authors: Duff Patricia A.
Published: June 2014

Language socialization research provides a rich, socioculturally-oriented theoretical framework and set of analytic tools for examining the experiences of newcomers and other novices learning language in a range of educational settings, both formal and informal. This chapter first presents an overview of language socialization principles and then highlights several personal narratives of language socialization within Chinese diaspora communities in different geographical settings. Next, studies on Chinese heritage-language socialization are examined with a focus on the functions and forms of codeswitching, shaming, narrativity, the socialization of taste during meals, and literacy texts in traditional Chinese diaspora homes as well as in ethnically mixed or blended ones. The chapter recommends, in closing, that future research should examine to a greater extent continuities, discontinuities, syncretism, and innovations in Chinese language learning and use across home, school, and community settings and across multiple timescales in order to better understand the relationship between being and knowing/using Chinese in contemporary societies.
Chapter 3. Chinese complementary schools in Scotland and the Continua of Biliteracy
Authors: Hancock Andy
Published: June 2014

This chapter employs Hornberger’s Continua of Biliteracy as an analytical framework to critically engage with the Chinese complementary school phenomena in Scotland. It begins with an historical and up-to-date overview of the Chinese diaspora in Scotland. This is followed by a discussion of each of the Continua’s four spheres of influence in turn. In particular, attention is paid to how prevailing language policies shape children’s biliteracy experiences, including a shift towards learning Mandarin (Context); how texts are frequently used by teachers to guide children to an appreciation of Chinese cultural values (Content); how teachers sometimes deviate from traditional and ‘mundane’ practices in order to generate an interest in learning Chinese literacy (Media); and how children draw on their biliterate resources to support their Chinese learning (Development). Finally, the implications for Chinese complementary schools in Scotland are outlined.
Chapter 9. Chinese language teaching in Australia
Authors: Chen Shen , Zhang Yuzhe
Published: June 2014

Located in the Asian-Pacific region, Australia is a unique example an English speaking country which has progressive language policies to promote Asian languages, Chinese in particular. History has witnessed three stages of development of Chinese language teaching. In the first stage, Chinese language learning was initiated and organised by local Chinese community schools featured with different curricula decided by various sub-groups. Secondly, the Australian government’s multicultural and language policies have further promoted and supported Chinese language learning in community schools. Finally, the Chinese language teaching has expanded to the mainstream schools on the basis of state-based curricula. A national unified curriculum is being developed in order to meet the needs of the fast growing number of learners of Chinese in schools all over the nation. The research described in this chapter on Chinese language teaching in community schools and mainstream schools is based on a policy study of Australia and a case study through qualitative investigations at three universities in the state of New South Wales. The research has revealed some pedagogical problems of Chinese language teaching in the social and cultural context of Australia and provided some suggestions to improve the current performance of Chinese language teaching and learning.
Automatic or Controlled Writing?
Authors: Combes Céline , Volckaert-Legrier Olga , Largy Pierre
Published: June 2014

The objective of this study was to attempt to distinguish the various processes of producing SMS spelling forms. The production of these different spelling forms was compared by means of an experimental paradigm: the dual task. This paradigm aimed at identifying the attentional resources necessary for the process of producing SMS spelling. Another way in which to address the degree of automation of these production processes was to compare SMS productions in terms of the level of SMS writing expertise. The results of this study demonstrated that the spelling forms produced in SMS language (eSMS), and therefore their production process, differ according to the degree of SMS writing expertise and the attention that the participants are able to devote to the SMS writing task. The results confirm that SMS writing represents a cognitive cost for novice texters and tends to become automatic as the users acquire expertise.