bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of intravenous acetaminophen with morphine, fentanyl and ketamine in acute pediatric pain setting
Authors: O'Loughlin Edmond , Peng Yan Ghee , Cheaib Angela , Chan Matthew T. V. , Williams Robin
Published: April 2022

Background

Intravenous acetaminophen and opioid analgesics are routinely given concurrently to children after major surgery, where intravenous access can be limited. There is limited information about the compatibility of acetaminophen with opioid analgesics and ketamine in concentrations commonly used in pediatric setting.

Aims

We aimed to determine the physical and chemical compatibility in mixtures of intravenous acetaminophen 10 mg/mL with morphine (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 1, and 2 mg/ml), fentanyl (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 5 mcg/ml) and ketamine (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 mg/ml).

Methods

Acetaminophen was mixed with all 18 solutions and was examined at time 0, 15, 30, and 60 min. In Phase one of the study, we used a colorimetric method to assess preliminary feasibility and acetaminophen recovery. In Phase two study, we used high‐performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the recovery of all components of the mixtures.

Results

All solutions tested, for both acetaminophen and the three analgesics, had more than 90% of the drug recovery, up to 60 min after mixing.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrated the stability of acetaminophen, in combination with fentanyl, morphine, and ketamine at clinical concentrations used in acute pediatric pain setting.
PPVED: A machine learning tool for predicting the effect of single amino acid substitution on protein function in plants
Authors: Gou Xiangjian , Feng Xuanjun , Shi Haoran , Guo Tingting , Xie Rongqian , Liu Yaxi , Wang Qi , Li Hongxiang , Yang Banglie , Chen Lixue , Lu Yanli
Published: April 2022

Single amino acid substitution (SAAS) produces the most common variant of protein function change under physiological conditions. As the number of SAAS events in plants has increased exponentially, an effective prediction tool is required to help identify and distinguish functional SAASs from the whole genome as either potentially causal traits or as variants. Here, we constructed a plant SAAS database that stores 12 865 SAASs in 6172 proteins and developed a tool called Plant Protein Variation Effect Detector (PPVED) that predicts the effect of SAASs on protein function in plants. PPVED achieved an 87% predictive accuracy when applied to plant SAASs, an accuracy that was much higher than those from six human database software: SIFT, PROVEAN, PANTHER‐PSEP, PhD‐SNP, PolyPhen‐2, and MutPred2. The predictive effect of six SAASs from three proteins in Arabidopsis and maize was validated with wet lab experiments, of which five substitution sites were accurately predicted. PPVED could facilitate the identification and characterization of genetic variants that explain observed phenotype variations in plants, contributing to solutions for challenges in functional genomics and systems biology. PPVED can be accessed under a CC‐BY (4.0) license via http://www.ppved.org.cn.
Effect of Photobiomodulation on Structure and Function of Extracellular Vesicle Secreted from Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Gholami Leila , Khorsandi Khatereh , Nooshabadi Vajihe Taghdiri , Shahabi Shiva , Jazaeri Marzieh , Esfahani HomaSadat , Faradonbeh Davood Rabiei , Malekshahi Ziba Veisi , Afsartala Zohreh , Mostafa Nesrine
Published: April 2022

The current study intended to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation on the morphology and function of EVs secreted from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from periodontal ligament (PDL) and the adipose tissue (ADSCs) (from buccal fat pad) in vitro. These cells were irradiated at 660 nm or kept in dark as control. EVs were then isolated from each group using ultracentrifugation. EVs were defined by flow cytometry and Western blot. Electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of EVs. Then, MTT and wound‐healing scratch assays were applied to compare the cell survival and migration of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells treated with the EVs obtained from the four groups. According to SEM images, isolated EV were round and cup‐shaped in all groups showing no destructive effects of laser irradiation on EV morphology. MTT test results revealed a statistically significant difference between the HDF cells treated with different EV groups from hPDLSCs‐Dark in comparison with control (0 μg/mL) (P < 0.05) and treated with exosome from hPDLSCs‐Irradiation cells compared with dark group (P < 0.05). However, scratch wound‐healing assay did not show a significant difference between various groups (P ˃ 0.05). Further studies with different irradiation protocols are recommended to find an optimal strategy.
Stomatal conductance, not biochemistry, drives low temperature acclimation of photosynthesis in Populus balsamifera, regardless of nitrogen availability
Authors: Kong R. S. , Way D. A. , Henry H. A. L. , Smith N. G.
Published: April 2022

Low‐temperature thermal acclimation may require adjustments to N and water use to sustain photosynthesis because of slow enzyme functioning and high water viscosity. However, understanding of photosynthetic acclimation to temperatures below 11 °C is limited.

We acclimated Populus balsamifera to 6 °C and 10 °C (6A and 10A, respectively) and provided the trees with either high or low N fertilizer. We measured net CO2 assimilation (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax), electron transport (Jmax) and dark respiration (Rd) at leaf temperatures of 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 °C, along with leaf N concentrations.

The 10A trees had higher Anet than the 6A trees at warmer leaf temperatures, which was correlated with higher gs in the 10A trees. The instantaneous temperature responses of Vcmax, Jmax and Rd were similar for trees from both acclimation temperatures. While soil N availability increased leaf N concentrations, this had no effect on acclimation of photosynthesis or respiration.

Our results indicate that acclimation below 11 °C occurred primarily through changes in stomatal conductance, not photosynthetic biochemistry, and was unaffected by short‐term N supply. Thermal acclimation of stomatal conductance should therefore be a priority for future carbon cycle model development.
Contribution of the life‐history traits of a plant pathogen to the development of field epidemics
Authors: Azzimonti Gustavo , Papaïx Julien , Lannou Christian , Goyeau Henriette
Published: April 2022

The pathogenicity‐related traits of biotrophic plant pathogens are usually measured on the individual host plant, at the scale of a single pathogen life cycle, whereas epidemic development in the field encompasses a succession of cycles. It remains unclear which traits make the greatest contribution to pathogen fitness in the field and to epidemic severity. The objective of this study was to determine the contributions of elementary pathogenicity traits to epidemic development in field conditions. We challenged a set of wheat cultivars with three different leaf rust isolates, under both controlled and field conditions, in 3 consecutive years. Infection efficiency, latent period, lesion size, spore production per lesion and spore production capacity were measured in the greenhouse, whereas disease severity was measured in the field. Most, but not all, of the pathogenicity traits were related to each other. All traits contributed to epidemic development in the field, but to different extents. Surprisingly, lesion size and spore production per lesion were inversely correlated with epidemic severity. Conversely, there was a strong positive correlation between spore production capacity and pathogen fitness in the field, in accordance with the concept of propagule pressure as a strong determinant of invasion success. Severe epidemics were mostly associated with small lesions with a high spore production capacity, high infection efficiency and a short latent period.
Recommendations and publication guidelines for studies using frequency domain and time‐frequency domain analyses of neural time series
Authors: Keil Andreas , Bernat Edward M. , Cohen Michael X. , Ding Mingzhou , Fabiani Monica , Gratton Gabriele , Kappenman Emily S. , Maris Eric , Mathewson Kyle E. , Ward Richard T. , Weisz Nathan
Published: April 2022

Since its beginnings in the early 20th century, the psychophysiological study of human brain function has included research into the spectral properties of electrical and magnetic brain signals. Now, dramatic advances in digital signal processing, biophysics, and computer science have enabled increasingly sophisticated methodology for neural time series analysis. Innovations in hardware and recording techniques have further expanded the range of tools available to researchers interested in measuring, quantifying, modeling, and altering the spectral properties of neural time series. These tools are increasingly used in the field, by a growing number of researchers who vary in their training, background, and research interests. Implementation and reporting standards also vary greatly in the published literature, causing challenges for authors, readers, reviewers, and editors alike. The present report addresses this issue by providing recommendations for the use of these methods, with a focus on foundational aspects of frequency domain and time‐frequency analyses. It also provides publication guidelines, which aim to (1) foster replication and scientific rigor, (2) assist new researchers who wish to enter the field of brain oscillations, and (3) facilitate communication among authors, reviewers, and editors.
The benefits of mountain woodland restoration
Authors: Watts Sarah H. , Jump Alistair S.
Published: April 2022

Mountain woodland ecotones require urgent action to reverse long‐term habitat degradation and biodiversity loss. There is growing interest in restoring high‐elevation woodland and scrub communities by harnessing planting and natural regeneration. Emissions offsetting has been a key driver, yet mountain systems offer slower mechanisms for biomass accumulation due to their typically smaller size, lower density, and slower growth than forests at lower elevations. We argue that the natural capital afforded by mountain woodland restoration is far more comprehensive than carbon sequestration alone and encompasses an important array of ecosystem services and biodiversity gains. Improved opportunities for wildlife and people include natural hazard protection, sheltering, structural variability, vegetation diversity, and recreation. Furthermore, mountain woodland restoration provides critically needed nature‐based solutions for reducing threats from escalating climate change such as soil erosion, flooding, warming temperatures, and extreme weather. It is imperative that these benefits are embedded within conservation policy and environmental incentives.
Do immigrants shield the locals? Exposure to COVID‐related risks in the European Union
Authors: Bossavie Laurent , Garrote‐Sanchez Daniel , Makovec Mattia , Özden Çağlar
Published: April 2022

This article investigates the relationship between immigration and the exposure of native workers to health and labor‐market risks arising from the COVID‐19 pandemic in Europe. Using various measures of occupational risks based on European Union labor force survey data, we find that immigrant workers, especially those from lower‐income member countries in Eastern Europe or from outside the EU, face greater exposure than their native‐born peers to both income and health‐shocks related to COVID‐19. We also show that native workers living in regions with a higher concentration of immigrants are less exposed to some of the income and health risks associated with the pandemic. To assess whether this relationship is causal, we use a Bartik‐type shift‐share instrument to control for potential bias and unobservable factors that would lead migrants to self‐select into more vulnerable occupations across regions. The results show that the presence of immigrant workers has a causal effect in reducing the exposure of native workers to various risks by enabling the native‐born workers to move into jobs that could be undertaken from the safety of their homes or with lower face‐to‐face interactions. The effects on the native‐born population are more pronounced for high‐skilled workers than for low‐skilled workers, and for women than for men. We do not find significant effect of immigration on wages and employment—indicating that the effects are mostly driven by a reallocation of natives from less safe jobs to safer jobs.
Exosomes: Potential executors of IL‐35 gene‐modified adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in inhibiting acute rejection after heart transplantation
Authors: Guo Hao , Li Baozhu , Li Nan , Liu Xin , Gao Haopeng , Sun Xuan , Zhao Na
Published: April 2022

Heart transplantation has become the only 'cure' for end‐stage heart diseases, but acute allograft rejection is the major obstacle to the survival of patients. Our previous studies showed that IL‐35 gene‐modified adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (IL‐35‐ASCs) can effectively inhibit graft rejection and prolong the survival of transplanted hearts in mice. This study further explored the mechanism of IL‐35‐ASCs, especially focusing on the important role of IL‐35‐ASC‐derived exosomes (IL‐35‐ASCexos) in inhibiting acute rejection. IL‐35‐ASCs were constructed in vitro and pretreated with IL‐35 neutralizing antibody and GW4869 (an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase that impairs exosome biogenesis/release). Then, pretreated IL‐35‐ASCs and CD4+ T cells were cocultured in Transwell plates, and changes in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and cytokines were detected. Then, IL‐35‐ASCexos were extracted, identified and analysed, and their immunoregulatory effects on CD4+ T cells were studied through coculture experiments. Finally, IL‐35‐ASCexos were applied to a mouse heart transplantation model to investigate the therapeutic effects on acute rejection of the allograft. The coculture experiment showed that the IL‐35‐neutralizing antibody could not completely block the immunosuppressive function of IL‐35‐ASCs, while GW4869 could effectively reduce their immunoregulatory characteristics. Similar to IL‐35‐ASCs, IL‐35‐ASCexos also have powerful immunosuppressive properties, effectively upregulating the Treg ratio in vivo and in vitro and prolonging graft survival. As the main effectors of IL‐35‐ASCs, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of IL‐35‐ASCexos in inhibiting acute cardiac rejection of the allograft. Although the specific mechanism remains unclear and needs to be further explored, IL‐35‐ASCexos therapy is expected to become a new method to inhibit acute graft rejection.
Social comparison orientation mediates the association between HEXACO and self‐presentation
Authors: Demir Sıla , Özkan Türker , Demir Başar
Published: April 2022

Various researchers have investigated the personality correlates of defensive and assertive self‐presentation. Yet, only a few studies go beyond the direct relationships and examine the underlying mechanism. The current study examines whether the social comparison orientation (SCO) mediates the relationship between personality and self‐presentation. We also tested whether our proposed model is invariant across genders. We collected data from 496 individuals using the HEXACO personality inventory, the self‐presentation tactic scale, and Iowa–Netherlands SCO scale to test these hypotheses. The path analysis indicated that the partial mediation model provides the best fit to the data (root‐mean‐square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.08, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.97, standardized root mean squared residual [SRMR] = 0.026). While honesty‐humility (β = −0.43) had the strongest total effect on assertive self‐presentation, emotionality (β = 0.34) had the strongest total effect on defensive self‐presentation among other HEXACO dimensions. Additionally, we conducted a multigroup path analysis to test the structural invariance, and the findings indicate that the relationships are invariant across women and men (Δχ2[14] = 11.83, p = 0.61). These findings suggest that the association between personality and self‐presentation might not be straightforward. The findings are discussed in relation to facet and factor level associations among the variables, self‐presentation strategies, and gender roles.
The role of covid‐19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting resilience
Authors: Duru Yagmur Benian , Gunal Vuslat , Agaoglu Ceyda Yalcin , Tatlı Cemre
Published: April 2022

Resilience is one of the protective factors for mental health. The aim of this study is to reveal the role of COVID‐19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting resilience in adulthood. To this end, data were collected from 533 adults (359 women‐174 men). A hierarchical regression analysis was performed, controlling for the effects of gender and presence of a chronic disease on the prediction of resilience. Results showed that intolerance of uncertainty and COVID‐19 anxiety were statistically significant predictors of resilience. Gender and presence of a chronic disease were not statistically significant in predicting resilience. These results indicate that intolerance of uncertainty plays an important role in explaining resilience.
Biomechanical adaptations following a music‐based biofeedback gait retraining program to reduce peak tibial accelerations
Authors: Derie Rud , Van den Berghe Pieter , Gerlo Joeri , Bonnaerens Senne , Caekenberghe Ine Van , Fiers Pieter , De Clercq Dirk , Segers Veerle
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The present study aimed to determine whether runners can reduce impact measures after a six‐session in‐the‐field gait retraining program with real‐time musical biofeedback on axial peak tibial acceleration (PTAa) and identify the associated biomechanical adaptations.

Methods

Twenty trained high‐impact runners were assigned to either the biofeedback or the music‐only condition. The biofeedback group received real‐time feedback on the PTAa during the gait retraining program, whereas the music‐only condition received a sham treatment. Three‐dimensional gait analysis was conducted in the laboratory before (PRE) and within one week after completing the gait retraining program (POST). Subjects were instructed to replicate the running style from the last gait retraining session without receiving feedback while running overground at a constant speed of 2.9 m∙s−1.

Results

Only the biofeedback group showed significant reductions in both PTAa (∆x̅ = −26.9%, p = 0.006) and vertical instantaneous loading rate (∆x̅ = −29.2%, p = 0.003) from PRE to POST. In terms of biomechanical adaptations, two strategies were identified. Two subjects transitioned toward a more forefoot strike. The remaining eight subjects used a pronounced rearfoot strike and posteriorly inclined shank at initial contact combined with less knee extension at toe‐off while reducing vertical excursion of the center of mass.

Conclusions

After completing a music‐based biofeedback gait retraining program, runners can reduce impact while running overground in a laboratory. We identified two distinct self‐selected strategies used by the participants to achieve reductions in impact.
Living on with Sellafield: Nuclear infrastructure, slow violence, and the politics of quiescence
Authors: Bickerstaff Karen
Published: April 2022

Communities living with nuclear infrastructures have widely been positioned as quiescent and accepting of the risks posed. Drawing on ethnographic data collected in 2008 in the village of Seascale, which neighbours the UK’s Sellafield nuclear site, and on recent thinking on nuclear and toxic geographies, this paper troubles the idea of nuclear quiescence. In doing so, it critically engages with a long tradition of geographical research on nuclear communities, much of which adopts a risk‐perception paradigm, foregrounding the presence (or absence) of localised concern. Within this body of work, interest has centred on the apparent paradox that those spatially exposed are also most quiescent, pointing to the play of economic dependency, risk denial, and familiarity with nuclear infrastructure. This paper addresses the slow violence inherent in living on with nuclear infrastructure: drawn‐out effects and affects of nuclearity on place that are barely visible in the routines of everyday life. I locate these expressions of social and geographic damage in techno‐political relations that obscure the exceptionalism of the nuclear industry. The analysis challenges passive renderings of toxic victimhood by emphasising modes of pragmatic resistance – subtle and contingent ways in which residents challenge the identity and structural relations of being nuclear. I stress the need for geographers to find alternative ways of theorising the unjust relationship between nuclear economies, infrastructures, and places in situations of political‐economic dependency and domination. I argue that policy instruments aimed at securing social justice in nuclear infrastructure planning will need to more fully, and openly, grapple with questions around the socio‐political relations of care that might sustain a ‘good life’ for places that have very long histories and even longer futures with toxicity.
Colliding wave solutions in 2 + 1-dimensions
Authors: Halilsoy M. , Mazharimousavi S. Habib , Motalebi S.
Published: April 2022

We identified a new metric that describes both colliding electromagnetic shock waves and scalar waves without cosmological constant in 2 + 1-dimensions. To the future of collision point our metric has spacelike singularity so that the electromagnetic solution differs from its 3 + 1-dimensional counterpart. Our interaction region with scalar waves is related through the Kaluza–Klein argument with the 3 + 1-dimensional Schwarzschild spacetime.
A new approach to studying the electrical behavior and the inhomogeneities of the Schottky barrier height
Authors: Helal Hicham , Benamara Zineb , Comini Elisabetta , Kacha Arslane Hatem , Rabehi Abdelaziz , Khirouni Kamel , Monier Guillaume , Robert-Goumet Christine , Dominguez Manuel
Published: April 2022

In this paper, two Schottky structures of Au/n-GaAs (sample A) and Au/0.8 nm-GaN/n-GaAs (sample B) were fabricated and electrically characterized by current–voltage measurements at different temperatures. Two models, a classical one and another previously proposed named Helal model ref (Helal et al. Eur Phys J Plus, 135:1–14, 2020). Both the models show that the ideality factor n grows as the temperature decreases, and the second model shows higher values especially at low temperatures. The barrier height $$\Phi_{b}$$

Φ
b

calculated using the second model decreases when temperature increases for both structures, according to the temperature-dependent band gap, and in contrast to the results obtained by the classical model. Moreover, the second model gives a homogeneous Schottky barrier height and the best resolution of Richardson constant $$A^{*}$$

A

∗

, for both structures. On the other hand, the classical model shows an inhomogeneity of the barrier height and very far values of $$A^{*}$$

A

∗

from the theoretical one, in both structures. The findings of this study support the validity and dependability of the proposed alternative model. Furthermore, it may give a new insight into the electrical behavior of the Schottky structures.
Dyck Words, Lattice Paths, and Abelian Borders
Authors: Blanchet-Sadri Francine , Chen Kun , Hawes Kenneth
Published: April 2022

We use results on Dyck words and lattice paths to derive a formula for the exact number of binary words of a given length with a given minimal abelian border length, tightening a bound on that number from Christodoulakis et al. (Discrete Applied Mathematics, 2014). We extend to any number of distinct abelian borders a result of Rampersad et al. (Developments in Language Theory, 2013) on the exact number of binary words of a given length with no abelian borders. We also generalize these results to partial words.
The Triple-Pair Construction for Weighted ω-Pushdown Automata
Authors: Droste Manfred , Ésik Zoltán , Kuich Werner
Published: April 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a complete star-omega semiring and [Formula: see text] be an alphabet. For a weighted [Formula: see text]-pushdown automaton [Formula: see text] with stateset [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], we show that there exists a mixed algebraic system over a complete semiring-semimodule pair [Formula: see text] such that the behavior [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is a component of a solution of this system. In case the basic semiring is [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] we show that there exists a mixed context-free grammar that generates [Formula: see text]. The construction of the mixed context-free grammar from [Formula: see text] is a generalization of the well known triple construction and is called now triple-pair construction for [Formula: see text]-pushdown automata.
Weakly and Strongly Irreversible Regular Languages
Authors: Guillon Bruno , Lavado Giovanna J. , Pighizzini Giovanni , Prigioniero Luca
Published: April 2022

Finite automata whose computations can be reversed, at any point, by knowing the last [Formula: see text] symbols read from the input, for a fixed [Formula: see text], are considered. These devices and their accepted languages are called [Formula: see text]-reversible automata and [Formula: see text]-reversible languages, respectively. The existence of [Formula: see text]-reversible languages which are not [Formula: see text]-reversible is known, for each [Formula: see text]. This gives an infinite hierarchy of weakly irreversible languages, i.e., languages which are [Formula: see text]-reversible for some [Formula: see text]. Conditions characterizing the class of [Formula: see text]-reversible languages, for each fixed [Formula: see text], and the class of weakly irreversible languages are obtained. From these conditions, a procedure that given a finite automaton decides if the accepted language is weakly or strongly (i.e., not weakly) irreversible is described. Furthermore, a construction which allows to transform any finite automaton which is not [Formula: see text]-reversible, but which accepts a [Formula: see text]-reversible language, into an equivalent [Formula: see text]-reversible finite automaton, is presented.
Improved Trudinger–Moser inequality involving Lp-norm on a closed Riemann surface with isometric group actions
Authors: Fang Yu , Zhang Mengjie
Published: April 2022

In this paper, using the method of blow-up analysis, the authors obtain an improved Trudinger–Moser inequality involving [Formula: see text]-norm ([Formula: see text]) and prove the existence of its extremal function on a closed Riemann surface [Formula: see text] with the action of a finite isometric group [Formula: see text]. To be exact, let [Formula: see text] be the usual Sobolev space, a function space [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] stands for the number of all distinct points in the set [Formula: see text]. Define [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the standard [Formula: see text]-norm on [Formula: see text]. Using blow-up analysis, we prove that if [Formula: see text], the supremum [Formula: see text] and this supremum can be attained; if [Formula: see text], the above supremum is infinite. This kind of inequality will play an important role in the study of prescribing Gaussian curvature problem and mean field equations. In particular, their result generalizes those of Chen [A Trudinger inequality on surfaces with conical singularities, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 108 (1990) 821–832], Yang [Extremal functions for Trudinger–Moser inequalities of Adimurthi–Druet type in dimension two, J. Differential Equations 258 (2015) 3161–3193] and Fang–Yang [Trudinger–Moser inequalities on a closed Riemannian surface with the action of a finite isometric group, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. 20 (2020) 1295–1324].
Rodlike Heisenberg nanomagnet driven by propagating magnetic field: Nonequilibrium phase transition
Authors: Acharyya Muktish
Published: April 2022

The dynamical responses of a rodlike anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet, irradiated by the propagating magnetic field wave, have been studied by Monte Carlo simulation using Metropolis single-spin-flip algorithm. A nonequilibrium dynamical phase transition has been observed. The transition temperature has been obtained from the peak position of the variance of the dynamic order parameter plotted as a function of the temperature. The transition has been found to occur at a lower temperature for the higher value of the amplitude of the propagating magnetic field wave. A comprehensive phase boundary was drawn. The phase boundary has been found to be insensitive to the wavelength of the propagating field wave. The boundary encloses more area of the region of the ordered phase for stronger anisotropy.
Numerical investigation of the resonance modes for the dielectric optical micro-spheres by using radial basis function method
Authors: Ertugay Can , Boztosun Ismail
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present a numerical meshless method, which is based on the radial basis functions (RBF), to solve the morphology-dependent resonance (MDR) modes of a dielectric micro-sphere. To check the accuracy of the considered RBF method, we calculated the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes of a perfect sphere that has an analytical characteristic equation. Besides, we employed the traditional mesh-dependent finite difference (FD) method to study the same problem. When we compared the results obtained by the three methods, we observe that the RBF method’s results are in very good agreement with the analytical and FD method’s results. We conclude that the presented meshless method may also be applicable to prolate and oblate spheroidal geometries, which do not have an analytical equation to calculate the modes.
Machine Reading Comprehension with Rich Knowledge
Authors: He Jun , Peng Li , Zhang Yinghui , Sun Bo , Xiao Rong , Xiao Yongkang
Published: April 2022

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is a crucial and challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). With the development of deep learning, language models have achieved excellent results. However, these models still cannot answer complex questions. Currently, researchers often utilize structured knowledge, such as knowledge bases (KBs), as external knowledge by directly extracting triples to enhance the results of machine reading. Although they can support certain background knowledge, the triples are limited to the interrelationships among entities or words. Unlike structured knowledge, unstructured knowledge is rich and extensive. However, these methods ignore unstructured knowledge resources, such as Wikipedia. In addition, the effect of combining the two types of knowledge is still not known. In this study, we first attempt to explore the usefulness of combining them. We introduce a fusion mechanism into a rich knowledge fusion layer (RKF) to obtain more useful and relevant knowledge from different external knowledge resources. Further to promote interaction among different types of knowledge, a bi-matching layer is added. We propose the RKF-NET framework based on BERT, and our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of two classic datasets: SQuAD1.1 and the Easy-Challenge (ARC).
The Experience of Tests during the COVID-19 Pandemic-Induced Emergency Remote Teaching
Authors: Kamthan Pankaj
Published: April 2022

The dire circumstances presented by the COVID-19 pandemic have had a severely debilitating global impact on education, and led to an urgent transition from the onsite environment (OSE) to the online environment (OLE) for teaching and learning. In that regard, this paper describes the experiences of us and students of our involvement in oral and written tests in multiple software engineering-related courses during 2020 and 2021. The challenges encountered along with the interventions are discussed, and educational lessons based on the reactions and responses of the students are given. The results of a preliminary survey of the students of their learning experience in the OLE are presented and, related to it, the comments from the students highlighting their preferences of the OSE or the OLE are included. The test procedures, processes, and/or practices herein are, in principle, generalizable and potentially applicable to other courses in computer science or software engineering, during emergency remote teaching or even otherwise.
Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Fusion Using Integrated Joint Slope Analysis with Probabilistic Parametric Steered Image Filter
Authors: Rao E. Srinivasa , Prasad Ch. Raghava
Published: April 2022

Medical image fusion plays a significant role in medical diagnosis applications. Although the conventional approaches have produced moderate visual analysis, still there is a scope to improve the performance parameters and reduce the computational complexity. Thus, this article implemented the hybrid fusion method by using the novel implementation of joint slope analysis (JSA), probabilistic parametric steered image filtration (PPSIF), and deep learning convolutional neural networks (DLCNNs)-based SR Fusion Net. Here, JSA decomposes the images to estimate edge-based slopes and develops the edge-preserving approximate layers from the multi-modal medical images. Further, PPSIF is used to generate the feature fusion with base layer-based weight maps. Then, the SR Fusion Net is used to generate the spatial and texture feature-based weight maps. Finally, optimal fusion rule is applied on the detail layers generated from the base layer and approximate layer, which resulted in the fused outcome. The proposed method is capable of performing the fusion operation between various modalities of images, such as MRI-CT, MRI-PET, and MRI-SPECT combinations by using two different architectures. The simulation results show that the proposed method resulted in better subjective and objective performance as compared to state of art approaches.
A note on two-generated ideals over domains
Authors: Hu Kui , Lim Jung Wook , Zhou De Chuan
Published: April 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a one-dimensional Noetherian domain and [Formula: see text] be a two-generated fractional ideal of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-projective if and only if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are equivalent, i.e. there exists a projective fractional ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. We also give an example to show that [Formula: see text] being [Formula: see text]-projective does not necessarily imply that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are isomorphic.
The transmission efficiency analysis for quantum secure direct communications over noisy channels
Authors: Feng Xue-Ting , Song Jun-Yang , Wang Chuan
Published: April 2022

The concept of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is to distribute secure message directly between distant users securely, which is an important branch of quantum information science. The purpose of QSDC is to investigate the large capacity of quantum channels and fast speed of information transmission. However, the fidelity of qubits and the efficiency of QSDC will inevitably be affected by the channel noise and the decoherence of the quantum system. In this work, we focus on the performance of QSDC under different noisy channels, and investigate the evolution of quantum states. By numerically studying the performance for two QSDC protocols, we show the efficiency of information transmission over different noisy channel models.
Numerical Investigation of High-Order Solid Finite Elements for Anisotropic Finite Strain Problems
Authors: Hildebrandt André , Düster Alexander
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a hierarchic high-order three-dimensional finite element formulation is studied for hyperelastic and anisotropic elastoplastic problems at finite strains. The element formulation allows for anisotropic ansatz spaces supporting efficient discretizations of beam-, plate-, and shell-like structures. Several benchmark examples are investigated and the results of the high-order formulation are compared to analytic solutions and different mixed finite element formulations. Special emphasis will be placed on locking effects, robustness with respect to high aspect ratios and element distortion as well as anisotropies related to the material model. Furthermore, the interplay between the chosen ansatz space for the displacement field and mapping function in the context of geometrically nonlinear problems are studied.
Use of porphyrin-containing polymers of intrinsic microporosity as selective photocatalysts for oxidative detoxification of chemical warfare agent simulant
Authors: Choi Hye Min , Kim Ye Ji , Choi E Tae , Lee Tai Yong , Lee Suk Joong
Published: April 2022

Porphyrin-based polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) in photocatalytic degradation of a mustard-gas simulant (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES)) was demonstrated. Under blue-ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation, porphyrin-based PIMs PP-H2 and PP-Zn(II) worked as effective heterogeneous photocatalysts for oxidation of 2-CEES. Solvent played an important role in the conversion and selectivity of 2-CEES oxidation. When AcCN was used as a solvent, PP-H2 and PP-Zn(II) demonstrated complete conversion of 2-CEES in 30 and 50 min, respectively, whereas they showed complete conversion at 60 and 70 min, respectively, when MeOH was used as a solvent. Moreover, these PIMs produced 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide (2-CEESO) as a major product with small amounts of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfone (2-CEESO[Formula: see text], ethyl methoxyethyl sulfoxide (EMSO), and vinyl sulfoxide (EVS) as side products in most solvents. However, when MeOH was used as a solvent, highly toxic 2-CEESO2 was not observed as a side product. Furthermore, these PIMs showed no significant changes in photocatalytic activity even after five cycles of reuse, indicating their high stability. Thus, the series of PIMs prepared herein can perform well as heterogeneous catalysts in photooxidation of 2-CEES under blue-UV LED light, with PP-H2 being the most effective oxidation catalyst, leading to fast conversion and high selectivity.
Experimental analysis of excited state dynamics in Anderson-type POM@porphyrin hybrids in relevance to third-order nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Rani Sonia , Khan Rabbia , Tariq Muhammad , Ahmad Zahoor , Asif Hafiz M. , Khan Muhammad A.
Published: April 2022

This work accounts for the active contribution of life time decay in the field of nonlinear optics, especially for an energetic donor acceptor couple (porphyrin and polyoxometalate (POM)). Currently, two POM free porphyrins (Di-Tris-N@Por and Di-Tris@Por) and their two hybrids with POM (Di-Tris-NPor@Di-AndPOM-1 and Di-TrisPor@Di-AndPOM-2) have been studied keenly in nanosecond time span and resulted lifetimes ([Formula: see text]1 and [Formula: see text]2) have been compared with nonlinear optical parameters. The results demonstrated that Di-Tris-NPor@Di-AndPOM-1 exhibited better third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility [Formula: see text]3, second hyperpolarizability [Formula: see text] and nonlinear absorption [Formula: see text] and Di-TrisPor@Di-AndPOM-2 than Di-TrisPor@Di-AndPOM-2. This superiority of nonlinear optical parameters was supported by lifetime decay studies and electrochemical studies. It is revealed that more relaxation time in excited states lower will be the NLO response. The lifetime decay ([Formula: see text]1) value of Di-Tris-NPor@Di-AndPOM-1 is 3.86ns which is higher than Di-TrisPor@Di-AndPOM-2 possessing lifetime decay ([Formula: see text]1) value of 2.45ns. Moreover, lower energy of charge separated state (-0.88 eV) of Di-Tris-NPor@Di-AndPOM-1 indicates the facile electron transfer in Di-Tris-NPor@Di-AndPOM-1 than Di-TrisPor@Di-AndPOM-2 which experienced more energy of charge separated state. Rapid intersystem crossing is also responsible for the electron transfer from porphyrin moiety to POM moiety.
RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND OPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOUR IN OPEN INNOVATION RELATIONSHIPS: THE CONTINGENCY EFFECTS OF AN OPEN ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXT
Authors: ZACHARIAS NICOLAS A. , DALDERE DACE
Published: April 2022

To acquire needed resources, companies often build relationships with various types of partners in ‘open innovation’ (OI) relationships. However, such relationships have considerable downsides related to the risk of partners’ opportunistic behaviour, and managers need to know how to manage such behaviours if they are to profit from the external resources that OI relationships offer. Drawing on resource dependency theory, this study investigates how firms can manage their OI relationships effectively to deal with their upsides and downsides in terms of resource acquisition and opportunistic behaviour. Furthermore, this study examines an open organisational context in the form of open strategy as well as open structures and processes as contingency factors. The multisource data for the empirical analyses stem from survey data from managers in 181 companies and secondary data from a financial database. The results reveal that an open strategy facilitates the transformation of acquired resources into OI product performance and market success. However, an open strategy also increases the risk of partners’ opportunistic behaviour and its effect on OI product performance, contrary to the hypotheses. The results indicate that when firms seek to counter the negative impact of opportunistic behaviour, they should implement open structures and processes. Overall, the findings provide guidance for managers about how to ensure that their OI relationships thrive.
HOW DOES ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP PROMOTE INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR? THROUGH MEDIATING ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND MODERATING ROLE OF PERSON-JOB FIT
Authors: ABUALOUSH SHADI , OBEIDAT ABDALLAH MISHAEL , ABUSWEILEMA MOHAMMED A. , KHASAWNEH MOHAMMAD MANSOUR
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) on innovative work behaviour (IWB). It also heightens the perception of the pathways to improve innovative work behaviour by evaluating the mediating role of knowledge sharing (KS) and of person–job fit. The findings indicate that KS mediates the effects of EL on innovative work behaviour. In addition, the influences of KS on aspects of innovative work behaviour are different and depend on the extent of person–job fit. This paper highlights the important role of person–job fit in enhancing the effects of KS activities and innovative work behaviour. The study provides evidence that EL is the main driving force of KS and innovative work behaviour performance. Thus, organisations should prioritise implementing leadership development programs to stimulate KS activities and foster the firm’s innovative work behaviour. This study conducts a questionnaire survey and applies Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test hypotheses in the proposed research model based on data collected from 355 participants in Jordanian firms Securities Commission list of approximately 235 enterprises. Originality/value. The study significantly fills the gaps in the literature that emphasises how KS mediates the influence of EL on innovative work behaviour. By exploring the moderator of a person–job fit, this paper significantly contributes to advancing the deeper insight of the specific conditions to strengthen the relationship between KS and innovative work behaviour.
FROM INNER TO OUTER: EXPLORING THE R&D EMPLOYEE INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOUR IN HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY
Authors: NIU HAN-JEN
Published: April 2022

Innovation is widely recognised as an important issue. It is important to understand which individual characteristics promote innovative behaviour. This is particularly relevant for research and development (R&D) employees who are expected to contribute innovative ideas in their firms. R&D employees in high-end technology industries are the subjects of study in this research. Statistic methods, such as regression analysis, ANOVA, and ANCOVA, are employed to examine several hypotheses. The results reveal that personality traits defined as “openness to experiences” and “extraversion” are positively associated with innovative behaviour. Conscientiousness regarding accountability in work also spurs innovative behaviour. An individual who has the extraversion trait combined with a lifestyle defined as “practical leadership” is both extroverted and willing to absorb new knowledge and a steady, responsible practitioner.
DYNAMICS OF ATTRIBUTE-SPECIFIC CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS IN INNOVATION PROCESSES: A PANEL ANALYSIS CONSIDERING KANO’S THEORY
Authors: REICHENBACH REBECCA , EBERL CHRISTOPH , LINDENMEIER JÖRG
Published: April 2022

This study provides new insights into the dynamics of attribute-specific customer requirements in innovation processes. For this purpose, a panel study with three survey time points was conducted based on the Kano model. These time points were localised before and after the launch of a novel scientific online platform. In contrast to previous research, subjects’ responses were linked across the three measurement time points. This matching of the respondents enabled the identification of segments of homogeneous time-dependent shifts in customer requirements and their description based on sociodemographic, acceptance- related, and usage-based characteristics. The results provide academics and managers with practical implications and avenues for future research.
AccTEF: A Transparency and Accountability Evaluation Framework for Ontology-Based Systems
Authors: Basereh Maryam , Caputo Annalina , Brennan Rob
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a new accountability and transparency evaluation framework (AccTEF) for ontology-based systems (OSysts). AccTEF is based on an analysis of the relation between a set of widely accepted data governance principles, i.e. findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) and accountability and transparency concepts. The evaluation of accountability and transparency of input ontologies and vocabularies of OSysts are addressed by analyzing the relation between vocabulary and ontology quality evaluation metrics, FAIR and accountability and transparency concepts. An ontology-based knowledge extraction pipeline is used as a use case in this study. Discovering the relation between FAIR and accountability and transparency helps in identifying and mitigating risks associated with deploying OSysts. This also allows providing design guidelines that help accountability and transparency to be embedded in OSysts. We found that FAIR can be used as a transparency indicator. We also found that the studied vocabulary and ontology quality evaluation metrics do not cover FAIR, accountability and transparency. Accordingly, we suggest these concepts should be considered as vocabulary and ontology quality evaluation aspects. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the relation between FAIR and accountability and transparency concepts has been found and used for evaluation.