bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komparasi Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dan Kepemimpinan Kiai Di Pesantren Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Syarifudin Encep , Priyadi Deri
Published: September 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan komparasi konsep dan peran kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kepemimpinan kiai pesantren dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode studi kepustakaan yakni mengkaji beberapa artikel, buku, dan dokumentasi lainya yang berkaitan dengan peran kepemimpinan pendidikan dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, sehingga menemukan teori baru terkait perbandingan peran kepemiminan kepala sekolah dan kiai pesantren serta  perbedaan dan persamaan peran kepemimpinan pendidikan antara kepala sekolah dengan kiai pesantren dalam meningkatn mutu pendidikan. . Legitimasi kepemimpinan seorang kiai secara langsung diperoleh dari masyarakat yang menilai tidak saja dari segi keahlian ilmu-ilmu agama seorang kiai melainkan dinilai pula dari kewibawaan (kharisma) yang bersumber dari ilmu, kesaktian, sifat pribadi dan seringkali keturunan. Hal ini tentunya sangat berbeda dengan kepala sekolah yang legitimasi kepemimpinannya diperoleh dari pengangkatan pemerintah berdasarkan pemenuhan kompetensi  yang dimiliki kepala sekolah dan bukan dari masyarakat. Peran kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan yaitu; sebagai edukator, manajer, administrator, supervisor, leader, inovator, dan motivator. Sedangkan peran kepeimpinan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan yaitu; pengasuh, motivator, pendidik, Manajer, pengambil keputusan, pencapai tujuan organsisi, teladan, supervisor.Kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan, Kepala Sekolah, Kiai Pesantren, Mutu Pendidikan
Transformational Leadership of Pesantren as a Role Model for Contemporary Islamic Education Institutions
Authors: Basri Hasan , Hasibuan Hilman Rizky , Ab Rahman Zaizul
Published: September 2024

This study aims to find out about the transformational leadership of Islamic boarding schools as role models in contemporary Islamic educational institutions dan and knowing the characteristics of Islamic boarding school transformational leadership. This research method is library research. Library research is research in which the data or materials needed to complete research come from the library in books, encyclopedias, dictionaries, journals, magazines and so on. The results of this study indicate that the transformational leadership model of pesantren as a role model for contemporary Islamic educational institutions must have four dimensions: charismatic leadership, a leader who can make his followers admire, respect, and trust him. Inspirational motivation leadership, leaders who can articulate clear expectations from all members. Intellectual stimulation leadership is a leader who can develop new ideas from his subordinates. And individualized consideration leadership is a leader who always listens to the aspirations and inputs of others. This research provides practical implications and policy recommendations for Islamic boarding schools and other Islamic educational institutions that wish to adopt transformational leadership strategies. With a better understanding of the role of transformational leadership in Islamic boarding schools, it is hoped that Islamic boarding schools can continue to develop as models of contemporary Islamic education that are relevant and competitive in today's digital era
Mendidik Generasi Unggul: Mengintegrasikan Manajemen Mutu dan Nilai-Nilai Islam dalam Pendidikan di Mis Guppi 13 Desa Tasik Malaya Rejang Lebong
Authors: Aprida Oma , Trinanda Ririn , Warlizasusi Jumira , Sahib Abdul
Published: September 2024

Islamic education has a significant role in shaping the character and morality of future generations. In facing the challenges of globalization, integration between quality management and Islamic values becomes relevant to ensure holistic educational quality. This research aims to reveal the concept of integration between quality management and Islamic values in education, with a focus on MIS GUPPI 13 Tasik Malaya Village, Rejang Lebong. This research uses a qualitative approach. Research informants consisted of teaching staff, students and parents at MIS GUPPI 13. Data collection techniques included participant observation, in-depth interviews and document analysis. Data were analyzed inductively to identify patterns of findings. The research results show that the integration of quality management and Islamic values at MIS GUPPI 13 Tasik Malaya Village, Rejang Lebong, creates a holistic educational environment. The curriculum, which is prepared by taking into account Islamic values as a philosophical basis, has succeeded in producing graduates who are not only academically competent but also have noble character. This integration has a positive impact on the formation of student character and positive contributions to the surrounding community
LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING DAN TEORI HOLLAND DALAM PEMILIHAN KARIR DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Fitra Nurul Aprilia , Daharnis Daharnis , Nurfarhanah Nurfarhanah
Published: September 2024

Using Holland's theory, or Personality Type Theory, this research examines how counseling services play an important role in helping students overcome problems and make career decisions. This research uses literature research methods and collects information from various sources, such as academic journals, books, and document. Guidance counseling practitioners must understand Holland's theory and apply it in everyday life. This research can also serve as a basis for creating better guidance and counseling programs that help students choose careers.
Self-Reliance in Crazy Rich Asians by Kevin Kwan (2013)
Authors: Ruswandi Sakuntala Ariesti , Rozani An Fauzia
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this analysis is to expose the issue of self-reliance in the Novel Crazy Rich Asian by Kevin Kwan (2013). The issue of self-reliance refers to the way the character when the character gets bad treatment from the people but she is able to manage it. This analysis is text-based interpretation based on the concept of Self-reliance theory proposed by Elizabeth B. Hurlock. This analysis uses fictional devices such as character, plot (conflict) and setting that contribute in revealing the issue. The result of the study reveals the woman develops her self-reliance. It can be seen through behaviour and way of thinking.
Women’s Resistance toward Patriarchy Domination in Novel The Vegetarian (2015) by Hankang
Authors: Nisaq Nahdatul , Hafizh Muhd. Al-
Published: September 2024

This thesis is an anlysis of a novel written by Hankang entitled The Vegetarian (2015). The problem of this analysis focuses onthe issue of women’s resistance toward patriarchy domination. This analisys deal with transformative ecofeminism theory. This study aims to find the forms of patriarchy domination toward women and to investigate women’s resistance toward patriarchy domination.
An Analysis of Figurative Language Used on Political Discussion at Prime Time News Metro TV
Authors: Afifah Nur , Irawan Andi Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This study describes about how figurative language used in several political discussions which are presented in Prime Time News Metro TV YouTube Channel. This study was not only described types of figurative language but also described each meaning/message. The source of data based on four selected videos which had similar theme called The Upcoming 2024’s Election in Indonesia, those were appeared between January to April 2022. In data analysis, it found that there were 204 utterances containing of figurative language. Therefore, based on Keraf(2009) classifications there were 7 types of figurative language found in this study which are simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, irony, sarcasm and innuendo. In this results, metaphor became the most frequent type of figurative language. Moreover, this study also found 5 types of meaning among 7 types of meaning in Pardede(2016) namely; conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning and reflected meaning. In shorts, there were three results of this study: firstly, connotative meaning became the most frequent type of meaning, secondly, it was compatible to the general assumption about figurative language was rich of imply meaning; lastly, metaphor had special role to emphasize the speaker’s intention while using other figurative language like sarcasm and innuendo.
Dialectal Comparison between Muaro Takung and Maloro Sub-Dialect: The Lexical Variation
Authors: Rahma Putri Monica , Jufrizal Jufrizal
Published: September 2024

Language evolves over time and varies depending on location and social context. The lexical variation in speaking is influenced by several factors, including age, education level, and linguistic competence. This research is about lexical variation. The goal of this study is to distinguish the lexical differences between Muaro Takung and Maloro sub-dialects and to count the percentage of lexical differences between those two sub-dialect . So it can be concluded that Muaro Takung and Maloro are dialects, sub-dialects, or just speak differences. The data of this reseach was 258 words taken from 205 swadesh list and 53 from basic vocabularies used in everyday conversations. The data was collected from ten informants with specific categories. Furthermore, this research used dialectometric formula to count the percentage of the lexical differences between Muaro Takung and Maloro sub-dialect. From the data, the researcher found the lexical differences between Muaro Takung sub-dialect and Maloro sub-dialect and categorized it into seven types, noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, determiner, subordinate conjunction and preposition. The calculation of the percentage of lexical differences shows Muaro Takung is 25,9% and Maloro is 35,3%.
Code-Switching Used by Multilingual Person (Jerome Polin) in Nihonggo Mantappu Youtube Video
Authors: Pareza Indah , Rosita Nur
Published: September 2024

Language contact is the phenomenon of using two or more languages at the same time and place. The purpose of using two or more languages in communication is to build good communication based on social factors. Language contact caused various linguistic phenomena, such as bilingualism, multilingualism, diglossia, code-switching, code-mixing, and language shift. This research is about code-switching. This research aims to identify the types, reasons, and errors made by Jerome Polin when he did code-switching. The theories used in this research are by Bloom and Gumperz (1972) about types of code-switching, Hoffman (1991) about reasons why people did code-switching, and surface strategy taxonomy by Dulay et al (1982) about types of error. This research was descriptive research with a qualitative approach to solving research problems. The data was taken from the Nihonggo Mantappu youtube video, and in the form of utterances. The results of this research show there are five types of code-switching used by Jerome Polin caused by various reasons. In addition, it was also found that there were errors made even though he had mastered a language.
Betrayal Recovery in The Girl on The Train by Paula Hawkins (2015)
Authors: Pasti Nada Nyata , Anwar Desvalini
Published: September 2024

This research is an analysis of the novel by Paula Hawkins entitled The Girl on The Train (2015). This research reveals the kinds of betrayals committed by Rachel's ex-husband and how she was able to manage her life after experiencing trauma, anxiety and depression for a long time. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that uses psychoanalysis theory and is supported by defense mechanism theory. The results of this research indicate several stages that Rachel went through to be able to rise from the adversity she experienced. The stages of recovering the betrayal that are told in this novel are; denial, anger, depression, bargaining and acceptance. These stages have a different time span for each victim, depending on the betrayal experienced and the mental state of each victim. The results of this study also reveal that betrayal can occur not because of the shortcomings and helplessness of the betrayed person, but betrayal can occur purely because the traitors do not have the value of loyalty in themselves. Therefore, no matter how perfect their partner is, traitors will never be satisfied.
Opposing Reality in 3 Short Stories by Shirley Ren The Pink Umbrella (2019), Jason Sanford The Eight-Thousanders (2020), and Alyssa Wong A Fist of Permutations in Lightning and Wildflowers (2016)
Authors: Septriyani Sari , Anwar Desvalini
Published: September 2024

This research is an analysis of 3 short stories by Shirley Ren The Pink Umbrella (2019), Jason Sanford The Eight-Thousanders (2020) and Alyssa Wong A Fist of Permutations in Lightning and Wildflowers (2016). This research discusses about defense mechanisms applied to oppose reality. Defense mechanisms are commonly used in everyday life, a person applies defense mechanisms when the ego can no longer balance the id and superego and worries arise in the person. However, if this is done to oppose reality, it will cause new prolonged conflict. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method which is using psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud which deals with opposing reality and defense mechanisms. This research aims to find out what types of defense mechanism applied by character and how the symptoms appear. The analysis of this study revealed that the character applies 2 defense mechanisms, namely denial and displacement, to oppose reality and the symptoms that arise. The conclusion of this study is defense mechanisms applied to oppose reality is not good, not to change things that are not desirable but to cause new prolonged conflicts. Opposing reality means not being able to come to terms with reality and not being able to come to terms with one self so that as a result the characters go through life in misery.
Word Formation Analysis of English Slang Language on Furious 7 Movie
Authors: Delvary Alvin , Rosita Nur
Published: September 2024

This study is an analysis of slang words found in the dialogues of the Furious 7 movie. This study aims to determine the types of word formation and the function of the slang words used in the Furious 7 movie. The theory used in this research is Yule (2010) regarding the types of word formation and Allan & Burridge's (2006) about the function of slang. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach to solving research problems. The data used is taken from dialogues between characters in the Furious 7 movie. Researcher found 37 slang words used by the characters in the movie. This study reveals that there are seven types of word formation and seven different functions in the use of slang words The most dominant types of word formation are borrowing and multiple processes with 8 data each, while the most dominant slang function is to initiate relax conversation with 10 data.
The Characterization Adaptation in and “Then There Were None”
Authors: Ramdani Paisal , Saehu Andang , Pramita Agry
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes the adaptation process of literary element in the novel and the film “And Then There Were None” by Agatha Christie. The researcher uses a qualitative descriptive method combined with Huctheon theory because the research results and the content of this study are in the form of words and pictures that must be explained and referred to as content analysis. Theory of Literary Adaptation by Hutcheon uses to review the data where the discussion focuses on character & characterization as a literary element in the novel and the film And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie. This study provides new results regarding the changes in character & characterizations in the novel to the film. One adaptation process found in this research is subtraction, which relates to the omission of the novel’s character in the film form. In this case, the adaptation process refers to the character's peripheral roles. The peripheral role of the character is a type of character that is unimportant or unnecessary to the core of the story. This research also provides another type of adaptation process, namely modification related to the character's characterization in the film form.
Demystifying the Labyrynth of The Delta: An Ecolinguistic Appraisal of Selected Poems of Tanure Ojaide
Authors: Zakariyah Moshood , Olugbodi Mariam
Published: September 2024

AbstractEcological issues in the context of Niger-Delta, Nigeria have been approached mostly from the perspective of environmental degradation, and marginalisation in previous studies. However, in literary pieces, which are mostly the dominant objects of analysis in those studies, there are underlying linguistic imports, which are reflexive of the beauty of the literary discourses revolving around the Niger-Delta environment. It is based on this backdrop that this study sets out to examine selected poems of Tanure Ojaide from an ecolinguistic perspective. To achieve the aim of the study, five poems are selected purposively from Ojaide’s Songs of Myself and analysed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches to data analysis. The data is also examined using the Eco-critical Discourse Analysis (EDA) approach. The findings from the study reveal the use of rhetorical devices to converge towards emphasising the beauty of the ecological characteristics of the physical environment. The use of imagery by the poet draws on readers’ socio-cognitive instincts towards the appealing to their emotive senses. In conclusion, the use of the eco-linguistic approach to examine the poems has not only revealed the poet’s intents but has also demystified the myth behind the ecosystem of the Niger Delta.
Toxic Masculinity Represented in Collen Hoover’s It Ends With Us (2016)
Authors: Waruwu Arni Kristin , Wahyuni Delvy
Published: September 2024

This study is an analysis of Colleen Hoover's novel, "It Ends with Us". Toxic masculinity refers to harmful social norms and expectations that promote traditional gender roles that associated with how man should behave to be called as being areal man. This research aims to find out what are the forms of toxic masculinity that represented by the male character in this novel. The result of this research showsthat there are three forms of toxic masculinity that can be found in this novel, namely misogyny, domination and violence.
Presupposition Used in The Dialogue of The Main Character in The "How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World" Movie Script
Authors: Saputra Yudi , Zaim M
Published: September 2024

This research aimed to find out the types of presupposition and also the function of the utterances that consist presupposition in main character (Hiccup) dialogues with other characters in that movie. This research conducted by using Yule (1996) theory about types presupposition and also by using Searle in Levinson (1983) about types of language function to analysed the data. From the main character utterance, the data collected with descriptive approaches and suitable with the context and identified them based on pragmatics aspect about presupposition. From 107 data, the researcher found 5 types of presupposition, those are existential presupposition, structural presupposition, lexical presupposition, factive presupposition and counter-factual presupposition. The dominant types of presupposition is lexical presupposition. The researcher also found the language function in each types of presupposition, the first one is from existential presupposition there are 3 language functions such as representative, directive and declarative, from structural presupposition, there are 3 language functions they are representative, directive and expressive, from factive presupposition, there are 3 language function they are representative, expressive and declarative, from lexical presupposition, there are 5 language function they are representative, directive, commissive, expressive and declarative, and from counter-factual presupposition, there are 2 language function they are representative and expressive. The dominant language function in each type of presupposition is representative language function.
Racism Issues on Papuans on Online News Media SuaraPapua.com and Idenera.com: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Yulianti Deni Friska , Rosita Nur , Wahyuni Delvi
Published: September 2024

This study utilizes Theo van Leeuwen's Critical Discourse Analysis to examine racism representation in Indonesian online news media SuaraPapua.com and Idenera.com. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were drawn directly from articles on both platforms. Analysis reveals 14 instances of exclusion manifested through passivation, 8 nominalTizations, and 1 clause replacement. Despite variations, both platforms condemn racism against Papuans, often framing and marginalizing perpetrators without featuring them. SuaraPapua.com predominantly uses marginalization in reporting, whereas Idenera.com specifically identifies perpetrators such as military personnel (TNI), Satpol PP, mass organizations, and Indonesian officials like All Murtopa, Kopasus Commander, and Retired General Luhut Pandjaitan. This differential approach suggests a nuanced stance on addressing racism. While SuaraPapua.com employs a more generalized portrayal, Idenera.com adopts a more targeted approach by naming individuals involved. This research underscores the media's role in shaping perceptions of racism, highlighting variations in reporting strategies between platforms.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Pengelola Rumah Tinggal Mahasiswa Dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Untuk Menjaga Kewibawaan Kampus Unesa 5
Authors: Sarmini Sarmini , Gamaputra Gading , Alrianingrum Septina , Pahlevi Rahma Shintya , Dzikri Muhammad Zulfikar
Published: September 2024

The opening of Unesa Campus 5 in Magetan Regency has an impact on the campus environment, namely the economic impact with the need for housing for students. The high demand for housing has a negative effect on the surrounding community due to the characteristics of students who come from outside the Magetan Regency area, which is different in terms of values and behavior. So as to overcome these problems, the Directorate of Campus Outside the Main Campus provides solutions through community service by making training to increase the competence of student residence managers. The activity was carried out in Maospati District with gradual socialization. The target of the activity is the manager of the residence in Maospati District, totaling 25 people. This socialization will provide an understanding of the rental mechanism both in terms of procedures and documents that are adjusted to the Standard Operating Procedures, as well as the publication of residential houses through electronic media.
Constitutional and legal foundations of territorial integrity in federal states: historical and legal analysis
Authors: Lopokha V. V. , Panasiuk O. P.
Published: September 2024

The article explores the constitutional and legal foundations of the territorial integrity of the federal states, focusing on historical and contemporary examples. The authors examine cases of successful and unsuccessful secession, as well as legal mechanisms used to prevent separatism. We take Spain, the USA, Canada, India, and Germany, as the examples to analyze the role of constitutional provisions in maintaining state unity. A key aspect of the study is the distribution of competencies between federal structures and federation subjects, which ensures a balance of interests and prevents internal conflicts. A great attention is paid to the principle of subsidiarity and the role of federation subjects in governance, contributing to the preservation of territorial integrity. The authors emphasize the importance of integration mechanisms and constitutional guarantees in maintaining the stability of the federal states.
The article establishes that the territorial integrity of federal states is ensured through a set of constitutional and legal norms that regulate the relations between federal authorities and the subjects of the federation. These norms include a clear distribution of competencies, where federal authorities are responsible for national issues such as defense and foreign relations, while the subjects of the federation have powers in local governance. The principle of subsidiarity involves the participation of the federation’s subjects in state governance, ensuring a balance of interests and preventing internal conflicts. Additionally, the supreme legal authority of the federal constitution, mechanisms of federal intervention in case of threats to integrity, and the unity of the economic space all contribute to the stability and unity of the federal state, effectively countering separatist movements. It is determined that the participation of federation subjects in the process of constitutional amendments guarantees their representation and protection of interests, preventing unilateral changes in the state structure. The state language plays an important role, promoting national unity and preventing ethnic conflicts, which is critical for multinational federations. Furthermore, the representation of federation subjects in the national parliament ensures their influence on key decision-making, promoting more balanced policies and strengthening ties between the central government and the regions.
The role of legal constructions in the enforcement of substantive and procedural law
Authors: Pidhorodskyi B. M.
Published: September 2024

In the modern legal system, legal structures play an important role in ensuring effective enforcement of both substantive and procedural law. That is why the author has selected an appropriate source (scientific and normative) base, and has formed the goal and objectives that fully reveal the subject matter of the study. The author emphasizes that substantive law regulates basic social relations by establishing the rights and obligations of subjects, while procedural law provides mechanisms for their actual implementation and protection. Legal constructions are a legal instrument which allows to organize legal provisions, ensuring their clarity, universality and unambiguous implementation. In addition, the author examines the internal construction of a legal provision and a legal prescription, and the correlation of these legal phenomena. The author emphasizes such an important characteristic of the legal construction of a legal provision as a genetic link, which is used to further form legal institutions, sub-branches and branches of substantive and procedural law. The article focuses on the analysis of the role of legal constructions of substantive and procedural rules of law in the process of law enforcement. The author separately considers the issues of their creation, application and impact on the efficiency of legal regulation. The author examines the interaction of substantive and procedural law through the prism of legal constructions of legal norms, which allows identifying key aspects of their systemic effect in the legal system. The work contains examples from the current legislation, in particular, the Civil, Civil Procedure Codes of Ukraine and other legal acts. The author examines the case law which demonstrates the practical value of the issue raised and the need for proper construction of legal provisions at the stage of law-making, which results in their further implementation. The author characterizes the impact of legal constructions on legal practice and their role in ensuring legal stability and predictability. Based on the study, the relevant conclusions were formed.
Legal basis of social protection of internally displaced persons
Authors: Selikhov D. A.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the system of social protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine, which has become especially relevant in the conditions of the long-term armed aggression of the Russian Federation. The author examines the legal regulation of the protection of IDPs, focusing on national legislation, in particular the Law of Ukraine «On Ensuring the Rights and Freedoms of Internally Displaced Persons», as well as on international legal acts and their implementation in the Ukrainian legal field. It examines the main social programs and services provided to internally displaced persons, including housing, medical and psychological care, social support, education and employment. The problems faced by IDPs in receiving these services, such as insufficient funding, bureaucratic obstacles and limited access to social resources, are analyzed separately. Special attention is paid to the role of local self-government in ensuring social protection of IDPs. Opportunities and challenges faced by local authorities in integrating IDPs into new communities are analyzed. Examples of successful practices of local self-government cooperation with public organizations and international partners to improve the effectiveness of social services are considered. The author identifies key problems and identifies prospects for the development of the system of social protection of internally displaced persons. Among the proposed measures are improving the efficiency of management, simplifying the procedures for receiving assistance through the introduction of electronic systems, ensuring stable financing of programs, as well as the development and implementation of comprehensive programs for the social integration of IDPs. An important aspect is cooperation with international organizations, which contributes to attracting additional resources and implementing the best global practices. The need for a systemic approach to solving the problems of internally displaced persons is emphasized, which includes reforming the legislative framework, increasing financial resources, developing innovative approaches to social protection management, and active integration of IDPs into new communities. Only under the conditions of constant monitoring and improvement of the social protection system, considering the role of local self-government, it is possible to ensure effective support and protection of the rights of internally displaced persons in Ukraine, which is an important condition for the stable development of society.
Public participation in the administration of justice during the polish-lithuanian period (14th – first half of the 17th century)
Authors: Berch V. V.
Published: September 2024

The scientific article examines the development and functioning of the judicial system on Ukrainian lands during the Polish-Lithuanian rule (14th – first half of the 17th century). The main focus is on the multi-level structure of judicial authority, which included the central power represented by the prince and boyars, as well as local power exercised by appointed officials such as voivodes, volostels, and posadniks.
It is established that the legal heritage of Kyivan Rus significantly influenced the judicial system of Ukrainian lands during the Lithuanian principality, providing stability and consistency in legal regulation. The implementation of Magdeburg Law in certain cities is discussed, which brought new legal standards and granted some autonomy to urban communities. The role of various forms of public justice, such as veche, arbitration, kopa, communal, peace, and bench courts, is identified.
The analysis covers kopa (communal) courts, which had survived since the times of Kyivan Rus and operated based on ancient Rus law. It is emphasized that kopa courts existed on Ukrainian lands both in the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Their uniqueness lay in the participation of representatives from all social strata, which ensured a wide range of opinions and experiences. This form of justice involved the consideration of various cases, including land disputes, criminal offenses, inheritance issues, and other civil matters. Despite the spread of German law, which introduced new legal standards and procedures, kopa courts remained important institutions, especially in rural communities. Kopa courts were an integral part of the legal system of Ukrainian lands during the medieval period, ensuring access to justice for all social strata and playing an important role in maintaining social justice and legal order.
A separate section of the article is dedicated to Wallachian law, which spread in the western Ukrainian lands in the 14th century and provided for a democratic form of justice through judicial veche.
In summary, the coexistence of different legal systems – German, Rus, and Wallachian law – created a multifaceted legal culture that met the needs of various societal layers and ensured the stability and predictability of judicial decisions on Ukrainian lands during the medieval period.
Constitution development cyclicity and factors that influence it
Authors: Buhaienko K.
Published: September 2024

The article is dedicated to the study of certain aspects of the constitution development cyclicity and the factors that influence such cyclicity. The author emphasizes that the state, society and the constitution are in constant interconnection with each other, and therefore formation of cyclicity of constitution development is inseparable from other legal phenomena. It was found that cyclicity is characterized by stability (invariability of the stages (phases) forming cyclicity of constitution development) and survivability (dynamics that forms the constitution’s ability to adapt to new challenges and tasks arising in society).
The author draws attention to both actual and legal constitutions. It was established that: a) actual and legal constitutions are indeed independent juridical phenomena, however, they interact with each other and that is manifested in the aspect that de facto relations which influence emergence of an actual constitution contribute to changes of a legal constitution; b) the factors under which de facto relations are formed in the state serve as prerequisites for beginning, development or termination of the stages of adoption, reform and invalidation of the constitution.
The author specifies that, since the constitution functions within the political organization of society, all factors relating to cyclicity of its development in relation to the state can be divided into internal factors arising in the state (social, cultural, economic, political, etc.) and foreign policy factors (adoption of international acts, unilateral acts of other states, etc.) which influence determination of a political course and orientation of the state and contribute to dynamism of the constitution’s life cycle. The author gives an example of an internal (political) factor influencing cyclicity of the constitution development – a choice of a new vector of Ukraine’s policy towards membership in the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization that resulted in introduction of amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine in 2019. The other example given is associated with a foreign policy factor – constitutional changes in Germany in 2022 aimed at increasing the budget expenditures of the state for its army’s defense capability because of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
The right to use artificial intelligence technology: new challenges and threats to humans
Authors: Pyroha I. S. , Volkova Y. F.
Published: September 2024

The beginning of the new millennium is the period of the formation of a single information space, the formation of a global information society, the main factor in the development of which is the use of information. The processes of global informatization have a dual nature: on the one hand, they contribute to the security of the individual, society and the state, and on the other hand, information technologies pose certain threats to it. The article analyzes the possibilities of using artificial intelligence (AI) as a type of information technology (IT). Emphasis is placed on the positive and negative aspects of its impact on human rights. It was found that certain threats to humans arise when using the latest AI technologies. As a result of the analysis of international documents, it was established that the governments of many countries around the world are currently trying to protect users of digital services from its harmful effects, developing their strategies for the development and regulation of AI for this purpose. The emergence of the latest technologies has given rise to a number of new problems in the field of human rights. This is evidenced by a number of international documents on «digital human rights». So, for example, the «Portuguese Charter of Human Rights in the Digital Age», «Lisbon Declaration», «European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles of the Digital Decade» in their provisions, on the one hand, emphasize the rights to use AI technologies, and on the other – on the safety of these technologies for humans. This caused heated discussions among scientists in the context of human information rights: whether AI as a type of information technology can be a safe means for realizing the human right to use it, and whether it can claim the status of a kind of «subject of law» in the future, which is a threat to human rights. The understanding of these problems caused by the development of AI has already become a joint task not only of scientists in the field of law, but also of scientists in the social sciences and humanities, as well as developers of computer programs.
Legal regulation of education in Ukraine. Part 3: equal rights, security and dignity of students and language requirements for admission to an educational institution under the conditions of military emergency
Authors: Holub S. , Myklush M.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this article is to continue the analysis of Ukrainian legislation and international acts that regulate or affect the process of regulating basic human rights and freedoms in Ukraine’s education field.
The conduct of this study is due to the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in 2024, which intervened directly during the admission process of students to higher educational institutions during the 2024 admission campaign. The mentioned aspects especially affected the education seekers who declared their desire to study full-time and on a paid basis in graduate school to obtain the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education.
Regarding the above, it became necessary to legally examine the observance of basic human rights and freedoms when conducting the admission process under martial law along with implementing and regulating educational activities.
In particular, the article examines the main conditions and guarantees of equality of rights of education seekers when enrolling in educational institutions. Additionally, the study underlines the main legal provisions on the human right to safety and dignity, which shall be observed during the admission campaign and when carrying out educational activities in conditions of military emergency as well as in conditions of economic crisis. At the same time, special attention is focused on the need to establish different admission conditions and study conditions for free education and paid education recipients. In addition, the authors analyze the legislation of Ukraine regarding the possibility of using the factor of knowledge of foreign languages as a condition for admission to institutions of higher education, both in the general context and taking into account the specifics of the education received by the student.
Thus, this article is the third article from the cycle of research and contains the results of a legal study of the principle of equal rights in the field of education, the principle of safety and human dignity in education, in particular, during the period of military emergency in Ukraine, as well as the principle of Ukrainian-language education in Ukraine.
Actual issues of non-application of the law by the court due to its contradiction with the Constitution of Ukraine
Authors: Sheremeta S. A.
Published: September 2024

The article clarifies the actual issues of non-application of the law by the court on the grounds of its contradiction with the Constitution of Ukraine, in particular: the historical evolution of the legislative regulation of the possibility of non-application of the norms of the law on the grounds of their contradiction with the Constitution; peculiarities of modern regulation of this issue and key problems that arise in practice; proposals for improving legislation and judicial practice. It was concluded that one of the most typical forms of direct application of the provisions of the Constitution, along with the possibility of applying the Constitution in the absence of legislative regulation, is the possibility of law enforcement contra legem, i.e. law enforcement contrary to the law due to its (law’s) inconsistency with the Constitution. The fundamental possibility of not applying a law that contradicts the Constitution of Ukraine directly follows from the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution of Ukraine, the recognition of its provisions as norms of direct effect, and, ultimately, from the principle of the rule of law. Another issue is that such an opportunity should have an adequate procedural form of its expression, as well as be organically combined with the activities of the body of constitutional jurisdiction, the specialized body of constitutional control - CCU. Historically, initially, Ukrainian legislation required a stay of proceedings in case of doubt about unconstitutionality, however, the legislation itself was contradictory and conflicting, which made such a stay almost impossible in practice. At the same time, there was an approach that in the absence of doubt, that is, when there is a clear certainty of the unconstitutionality of the application of contra legem, it is possible and no suspension of the proceedings is necessary. Such ideas were partially embodied in the 2017 reform, when courts in all types of proceedings, except for criminal ones, received an explicit opportunity not to apply the law, at the same time turning to the Supreme Court (assuming that the latter would later turn to the CCU). At the same time, there was the problem of motivating such a conclusion, the actual practice of appeals to the Supreme Court, the role of the Supreme Court itself (which sends relevant submissions very rarely). In addition, the experience of foreign countries proves the need for courts to interact with the constitutional court without intermediaries. In practice, significant concerns about the possibility of non-application of the law arise in the field of social rights.
Deadline for acceptance of inheritance: legal aspects and consequences of omission
Authors: Hariievska M. B.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the question of the meaning of the term for accepting inheritance in Ukraine, the calculation procedure and the consequences of omission.
The six-month period established by current legislation for submitting an application for acceptance of inheritance is sufficient for the heir to take legally significant actions regarding acceptance of inheritance. According to the civil legislation of Ukraine, the heir is obliged to take active actions to accept the inheritance, in particular, to submit an application for its acceptance to a notary, if he did not live with the testator. The passive behavior of the heir indicates a lack of desire to accept the inheritance and, accordingly, a rejection of the inheritance. In the civil legislation of the Republic of Poland, one can observe the opposite approach to acceptance or rejection of inheritance.
However, in practice, there are often situations of missing the deadline for accepting the inheritance, which can lead to the loss of the right to inheritance, and in turn, raises problematic issues regarding the granting of an additional deadline for accepting the inheritance.
The legislation of Ukraine provides for the possibility of the court granting an additional term for accepting the inheritance under certain conditions. The heir may submit an application for acceptance of the inheritance with the written consent of other heirs who have already accepted the inheritance. Also, the court can determine an additional deadline for submitting an application, if the deadline was missed due to valid reasons.
Based on the analysis of judicial practice, the reasons for missing the deadline, which were recognized by the court as valid, were considered. These are the circumstances that objectively made it impossible to submit the application in a timely manner. Circumstances related to objective, insurmountable and significant difficulties for the heir in carrying out these actions are important reasons for missing the deadline for accepting the inheritance. The resolution of the issue of granting an additional term for acceptance of the inheritance depends on the specific circumstances of the case and belongs to the discretionary powers of the court, that is, it is decided at the sole discretion of the court. With this in mind, it is impossible to predict all possible circumstances that may be considered relevant.
Characterization of contractual relations in digital turnover
Authors: Guleykov I. Y.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to identifying the peculiarities of contractual relations in digital circulation. Digital turnover is becoming increasingly widespread, which leads to the emergence of new forms of contractual relations characterized by significant differences. The purpose of the article is to reveal the characteristics and peculiarities of contractual relations arising within the framework of digital civil turnover.
The study of contractual relations in digital circulation is necessitated by the lack of sustainable legal regulation of this area which requires further improvement. The peculiarity of building relations in digital circulation is associated with its technical properties, primarily the need to gain access to digital platforms for the exercise of subjective rights by users. The author emphasizes that the exercise of subjective rights in digital circulation can be realized only through the use of complex intellectual property objects, in particular, those combining computer programs, databases, music, animation objects, photographs, etc.
The author proposes to distinguish the following types of relations in the field of digital circulation: 1) regarding the creation and maintenance of digital circulation (legal regime of intellectual property rights); 2) organizational relations in the field of business administration of the digital environment (corporate, labor relations with the appropriate legal regime); 3) between the user and the administrator of the relevant digital environment (contractual regulation, with elements of the legal regime of personal data protection); 4) between users of the digital space regarding digital assets (a complex regime of legal regulation which may combine the legal regimes of.
The author emphasizes that contractual relations in digital circulation are based on both civil law and rules and standards used in electronic systems. It is proved that different types of relations require a comprehensive application of different legal norms and are mediated by different agreements, such as: license agreements; agreements for the provision of digital services (cloud storage, marketplaces); sale and purchase of goods; exchange and pledge of digital assets; token agreements (regulating the use of cryptocurrencies and other tokens in digital ecosystems), etc.