bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBATASAN WASIAT SEBAGAI BENTUK KEADILAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Hadi Samsul
Published: January 2018

Testament is a problem that can be found in all societies. The differences are related to what form of sentences of the testament is, when the testament is uttered, how many testaments are, and who gets the testament. In the Western law, someone may give a testament to a person or an institution with the total amount of his inheritance. This can make the family or the heirs do not get the inheritance, so that the family relationship will become unharmonious. In the traditional society in Indonesia, there is no limit of how many testaments are allowed to give. Parents usually divide the inheritance to their children while they are still alive so that there will be no broken relationship within the family. In Islam, a testament is allowed for the family members or others who are not the family members. The maximum limit of testament in general is 1/3 of the inheritance. A testament for others does not absolutely need the heirs’ permission. It will be different if the testament is for the heirs; it is only allowed when the other heirs permit. The hindered heir (if the member of the family is not Moslem) can get a part of the inheritance by the ‘wajibah’ testament. This provision indicates the importance of family relations and the realization of justice, because all can get the inheritance from the testate.[Wasiat merupakan persoalan yang hampir ada pada semua masyarakat. Perbedaan yang ada terkait bentuk kalimat wasiat, waktu pengucapan wasiat, jumlah wasiat, dan siapa yang mendapatkan wasiat. Dalam hukum Barat, terdapat wasiat yang diberikan oleh pewasiat kepada seseorang atau lembaga dengan jumlah keseluruhan harta. Hal ini membuat keluarga atau ahli waris tidak mendapat harta warisan, sehingga hubungan kekeluargaan menjadi tidak harmonis. Dalam masyarakat adat Indonesia, tidak ada batasan berapa jumlah wasiat yang diperbolehkan. Orang tua biasanya membagi harta kepada anak-anaknya ketika masih hidup agar nantinya tidak terjadi perpecahan dalam keluarga. Dalam Islam, wasiat diperbolehkan untuk orang lain atau untuk anggota keluarga. Batasan maksimal wasiat secara umum adalah 1/3 dari harta peninggalan. Wasiat untuk orang lain tidak harus dengan izin ahli waris. Hal ini berbeda dengan wasiat untuk ahli waris, baru diperbolehkan apabila ahli waris lain mengizinkan. Adapun ahli waris yang terhalang, maka bisa mendapatkan bagian dari harta peninggalan dengan cara wasiat wajibah. Ketentuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya hubungan keluarga dan terwujudnya keadilan karena semuanya bisa mendapatkan harta dari peninggalan pewasiat/pewaris.]
PERKAWINAN CAMPURAN DALAM KAJIAN PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM: ANTARA PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA DAN PERKAWINAN BEDA KEWARGANEGARAAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Al Amin M. Nur Kholis
Published: January 2018

Marriage in the Islamic legal study in Indonesia introduces a discussion of mixed marriages. In the understanding of classical fiqh, when dealing with the term of mixed marriage, the paradigm will lead to the understanding of different religion marriage. However, along with the development and the increasingly existing Islamic law in Indonesia based on the theory of legal existence, mixed marriage is not only limited to a marriage due to religious differences, but there is also a marriage due to citizenship differences as defined in the Marriage Law.[Perkawinan dalam kajian studi hukum Islam di Indonesia memperkenalkan pembahasan tentang perkawinan campuran. Dalam pemahaman fikih klasik apabila berhadapan dengan term perkawinan campuran maka paradigmanya akan mengantarkan pada pemahaman perkawinan beda agama. Namun, seiring dengan perkembangan dan semakin eksisnya hukum Islam di Indonesia dengan berdasarkan teori eksistensi hukum, maka perkawinan campuran tidak hanya sebatas pada perkawinan karena perbedaan agama saja, melainkan terdapat pula perkawinan karena perbedaan kewarganegaraan sebagaimana yang dirumuskan dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan.]
INTENSITAS PENYUSUAN DALAM LARANGAN PERKAWINAN SESUSUAN (ANALISIS PASAL 39 AYAT 3 KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM)
Authors: Mun'im Ahmad
Published: January 2018

Article 39 Paragraph 3 of The Compilation of Islamic Law explains the prohibition of marriage due to the same breastfeeding mother. The Article states that a man and a woman are forbidden to marry due to several things. One of them is due to the same breastfeeding mother, but the Article does not explain how much the level of breastfeeding is that makes the marriage between those with the same breastfeeding mother is forbidden. However, viewing the formulation of Islamic Law Compilation sourced from the book of fiqh Syafi'iyah, the content of breastfeeding in the article follows the Syafi'i school, which is five times of suction (susuan). Whereas in the Islamic law,one explains that it can make a mahram no matter how much the content of breastfeeding is,one says that once or twice cannot make a mahram, and the other says that at least five times of suction can make a mahram. [Pasal 39 Ayat 3 Kompilasi Hukum Islam menjelaskan tentang larangan perkawinan karena sesusuan. Dalam Pasal tersebut menyebutkan bahwa seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan dilarang melangsungkan perkawinan disebabkan oleh beberapa hal. Salah satunya karena pertalian sesusuan, namun dalam penyebutan Pasal tersebut tidak menjelaskan seberapa kadar susuan yang menyebabkan larangan perkawinan sesusuan. Namun melihat rumusan Kompilasi Hukum Islam yang bersumber pada kitab fiqh Syafi’iyah, kadar susuan yang terkandung dalam Pasal tersebut mengikuti mazhab Syafi’i, yaitu lima kali hisapan (susuan). Sedangkan dalam hukum Islam menjelaskan kadar susuan itu ada yang berpendapat sedikit banyak tetap menjadikan mahram, satu kali dua kali tidak dapat menjadikan mahram, dan ada juga minimal lima kali susuan dapat menjadikan mahram.]
PEMIKIRAN NASR HAMID ABU ZAID TENTANG POLIGAMI DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO.1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN
Authors: Khoiriyah Siti Lailatul
Published: January 2018

A thing to be observed in law No.1 year 1974 about the marriages namely the principle of marriage is monogamy, which is a husband only married a wife, but in practice not only monogamy marriage but polygamy marriage also occur. Polygamy is marriage that more than a wife in one time. Conventional ulama thought that polygamy is permitted, while nowadays many contemporary ulama who criticize about the problem of polygamy, their assumptions is, a woman becomes an object on this problem, one of contemporary scholars Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid who argued that polygamy is absolutely forbidden with an example of with one of the statute in Tunisia, which is Tunisia law marriage. It is irrelevant to UUP in Indonesia, the UUP principle is the principle of open monogamy, which there is a possibility that a husband married with more than a wife. As stipulated in article 3 UUP year 1974. [Hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam UU No. 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan yakni asas perkawinan adalah monogami, yakni seorang suami hanya menikah dengan seorang istri, tetapi dalam prakteknya tidak hanya perkawinan monogami saja melainkan adanya perkawinan poligami. Poligami adalah perkawinan yang lebih dari satu istri dalam satu waktu. Ulama konvensional berpendapat bahwa poligami itu diperbolehkan, sedangkan dalam perkembanganya banyak ulama kontemporer yang mengkritisi tentang persoalan poligami, anggapan mereka seorang perempuan menjadi suatu objek pada masalah poligami ini, salah satu cendekiawan kontemporer Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid yang berpendapat bahwa poligami itu dilarang secara mutlak dengan mencontohkanya dengan salah satu ketetapan hukum yang ada di Tunisia yaitu UU Perkawinan Tunisia. Hal tersebut tidak relevan dengan UUP di Indonesia, dengan alasan asas UUP adalah asas monogami terbuka, yang mana adanya kemungkinan seorang suami menikah dengan lebih dari seorang istri. Sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 3 UUP tahun 1974.]
ANALISIS MAQÂṢID ASY-SYARÎ’AH TERHADAP PUTUSAN MK NOMOR 46/PUU-VIII/2010 DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rikza Muhammad Ubayyu , Djazimah Siti
Published: January 2018

The Constitutional Court made a revolutionary decision through the decision of Constitutional Court Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 about the status of children outside of marriage. The decision stated that childrens born outside of marriage not only had a civil relationship with their mother and mother's family but also had a civil relationship with their biological father. Its implicates that children outside of marriage have the same rights with legal children, such as  earning a living, inheritance and equality before the law. Seen from the concept of maqâṣid asy-syarî'ah, the decision does not violate the Islamic law, otherwhise it is in the line with the principles of maqâṣid asy-syarî'ah especially the principles of ḥifẓ an-nasl and ḥifẓ an-nafs.  [Mahkamah Konstitusi telah membuat putusan revolusioner dalam putusan MK Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tentang status anak di luar perkawinan. Putusan tersebut menyatakan bahwa anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibu dan keluarga ibunya dan mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ayah biologisnya yang dibuktikan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Implikasinya adalah anak di luar perkawinan mendapat hak sama dengan anak sah, mendapatkan nafkah, waris dan persamaan di hadapan hukum. Dilihat dari konsep maqâṣid asy-syarî’ah, putusan tersebut tidak melanggar hukum Islam, sebaliknya, ia sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip maqâṣid asy-syarî’ah terutama prinsip ḥifẓ an-nasl dan ḥifẓ an-nafs.]
TRADISI KAWIN COLONG PADA MASYARAKAT OSING BANYUWANGI PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Wagianto Ramdan
Published: January 2018

Marriage is a sunnatullah which its conditions is determined by religion. However, the existence of marriage becomes disturbed when faced with the matter of tradition, such as the tradition of colong marriage in the Osing Banyuwangi community. This matter is because this tradition has no comprehensive formulation within nas, including alquran, sunnah, as well as ijima’. The colong marriage is a form of making a marriage proposal with traditional Osing wasilah. However, this marriage tradition creates social tension in the community such that there are some who feel aggrieved. There are several factors causing this situation, including: disagreement by parents, nyepetaken lakon, fear of a proposal being rejected, and different social statuses and economic levels. In Islamic law sociology with the theory of al-‘urf approach,  consider that the colong marriage still considered of legitimate urf.[Perkawinan merupakan sunnatulllah yang ketentuannya telah ditetapkan dalam agama. Akan tetapi, eksistensi perkawinan menjadi terusik ketika dihadapkan dengan persoalan tradisi, seperti tradisi kawin colong pada masyarakat osing Banyuwangi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan tradisi ini tidak ada rumusan yang komprehensif di dalam nas baik Alquran, Sunnah maupun ijma’. Kawin colong merupakan bentuk peminangan dalam perkawinan dengan wasilah adat osing. Namun, tradisi kawin ini menyebabkan ketegangan sosial di masyarakat, sehingga ada pihak yang merasa dirugikan. Ada beberapa faktor penyebabnya, diantaranya adalah tidak disetujui oleh orang tua, nyepetaken lakon, takut lamaran ditolak dan perbedaan status sosial dan tingkat perekonomian. Sosiologi Hukum Islam dengan pendekatan teori al-‘urf, memandang kawin colong masih tergolong ‘urf yang sahih.]
School Success for Children Experiencing Chronic Illness: National Recommendations for Addressing Global Barriers
Authors: For Students with Health Conditions Legislative Alliance
Published: January 2018

Advances in medicine and medical technologies over the past several decades have extended the lives of many individuals who have chronic illnesses that were once considered terminal. Likewise, these advances have enabled more students to participate in school than ever before. As such, their short-term and long-term academic outcomes must be considered when determining the types of educational supports and services that will be provided to this unique population of students. Existing legislation and policies intend to ensure access to education for all children in the United States, but there continue to be several barriers incurred by students who are ill due to vacancies in legislation, as well as state and district policies. Modifications to current legislation and policies can improve educational outcomes for these students. This paper aims to draw attention to several areas in need of modification, while also providing possible solutions for these issues.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KESEPIAN DENGAN SELFIE-LIKING PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Krisnawati Evina , Soetjiningsih Christiana Hari
Published: January 2018

This study aims to examine the relationship between loneliness and selfie-liking. The hypothesis of this research is that there is a positive relationship between loneliness and selfie-liking among college students. This research used correlational quantitative methods. Participants in this research was 64 students, which was taken by purposive sampling technique, with inclusive criteria: like to do selfie and in the last month post the selfie photos to social media as much as 4-6 times. Data were collected using the Loneliness Scale from UCLA Version 3 and selfie-liking measured by Selfie-Liking Scale.  The correlation was analyzed using the Spearman Correlation Test with SPSS 23 for Windows. The results showed there was a positive and significant relationship between loneliness and self-liking (r=.297; p=.009) which means the higher loneliness, the higher selfie-liking.
PERILAKU VIRTUAL REMAJA: STRATEGI COPING, HARGA DIRI, DAN PENGUNGKAPAN DIRI DALAM JEJARING SOSIAL ONLINE
Authors: Mafazi Naufal , Nuqul Fathul Lubabin
Published: January 2018

Teenager’s activities in the online social networks, influenced by the nature of teenager’s characteristic who tends to look for a good impression from others. This study examined the effects of coping strategies and self-esteem on the teenagers’ self-disclosure on online social networking. In total, 185 adolescents participated the study; they were identified using the purposive sampling. The sample characteristics were having a social media account and an active user of social media. The Revised Self-Disclosure Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Ways of Coping Checklist were used to collect data.  The results of regression analysis showed that there is a positive and significant correlation of coping strategies and self-esteem on adolescents’ disclosure in online social networking.
PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN AKAN KELEKATAN PADA ANAK DALAM KONTEKS BUDAYA BENGKULU
Authors: Maya Dian Mustika , Zumkasri Zumkasri
Published: January 2018

This qualitative study aims to explore how mothers fulfill the need for attachment on their children in the context of Bengkulu culture. The study participants comprised five mothers that were identified using purposive sampling method. The following characteristics were applied: 1) the third generation of a family that lived in Bengkulu, 2) the nuclear family lives together, 3) she has a child with a minimum of 2 years of age, and 4) she uses local language to communicate within the family. The data analysis resulted in the following 10 themes or categories: 1) The use of local language to respond to the child’s need for attachment; 2) The attached figure (mother) used an insecure attachment; 3) Mother responds spontaneously depends on the situation; 4) The tone of mother’s voice affects the child’s perception; 5) The mother’s emotion influences her chosen words; 6) The intrinsic factors that affect the fulfillment of child’s attachment were marriage readiness, the quality of marriage relationship, and verbal ability; 7) The extrinsic factors affect the fulfillment of child’s need for attachment were financial condition, the environment where the participants lived, and education level; 8) Treating a child as an object; 9) The structure of extended family reinforces child’s insecure attachment; 10) Interaction pattern and character of the society.
Front-matter
Authors: Jurnal Teknik Ketua Editor
Published: January 2018

Artikel editorial ini berisi front-matter jurnal Teknik Volume 38 Nomor 2 Tahun 2017, yaitu meliputi halaman sampul, fokus dan ruang lingkup Teknik, informasi indeksasi, susunan tim penyunting dan mitra bebestari, kata pengantar editor dan daftar isi.
Ein Rückzugsgefecht des Rechtsstaats 1934
Authors: Weitkamp Sebastian
Published: January 2018

Vorspann

Sadistische KZ-Schergen, die unter Hitlers Herrschaft gerichtlich verurteilt wurden? Es ist eine unwahrscheinlich anmutende Vorstellung und doch Tatsache. Unter spezifischen Konstellationen fanden noch bis Mitte der 1930er Jahre in NSDeutschland einige solcher Prozesse statt. Sebastian Weitkamp zeigt in seiner Analyse des Osnabrücker Remmert-Verfahrens auf, welche Bedingungen hierfür zusammenkommen mussten, und verdeutlicht zugleich, dass es dabei um nicht mehr ging als um letzte Regungen des längst zerstörten Rechtsstaats.
„Keine Waffen für unsere Henker!“
Authors: Becker Maximilian
Published: January 2018

Vorspann

Dass der Erinnerung an den Widerstand gegen die deutsche Besatzung zentrale Bedeutung als Legitimationsressource für die europäische Nachkriegsordnung und die neuen Regierungen in Ost und West zukam, ist keine neue Beobachtung. Kaum untersucht ist indessen, wie die Erinnerung in den Auseinandersetzungen des Kalten Kriegs eingesetzt wurde. Die Verbände ehemaliger KZ-Häftlinge und Angehöriger des Widerstands waren dabei wichtige erinnerungspolitische Akteure. Am Beispiel der Auseinandersetzung um die deutsche Wiederbewaffnung analysiert Maximilian Becker, wie sie die Erinnerung einsetzten und wie sie ihrerseits von den beiden Lagern des Kalten Kriegs in Dienst genommen wurden.
„Gut durch die Zeiten gekommen“
Authors: Kortüm Hans-Henning
Published: January 2018

Vorspann

Die deutsche Geschichtswissenschaft hat erst spät damit begonnen, ihre Rolle im Nationalsozialismus aufzuarbeiten und unbequemen Wahrheiten ins Gesicht zu sehen. Dazu gehörten nicht zuletzt dunkle Punkte in der Vergangenheit von bewunderten Größen des Fachs wie Werner Conze, Hans Rothfels, Theodor Schieder - und Otto Brunner, der noch in den 1950er Jahren zu einem der einflussreichsten Historiker der jungen Bundesrepublik aufstieg. Hans-Henning Kortüm zeichnet Brunner als kämpferischen Nationalsozialisten, dessen völkische Überzeugungen auch sein Nachkriegswerk prägten. Er stützt sich dabei auf bislang kaum bekanntes Aktenmaterial und auf das Manuskript eines lange verschollenen Buchs, das ein bezeichnendes Licht auf Otto Brunner wirft.
Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: An Evidence-Based Overview for the Sports Medicine Professional
Authors: Kaplan Kelby , Hanney William J. , Cheatham Scott W. , Masaracchio Michael , Liu Xinliang , Kolber Morey J.
Published: January 2018

ROTATOR CUFF TENDINOPATHY IS A PREVALENT CONDITION AMONG BOTH THE GENERAL AND ATHLETIC POPULATIONS, WITH MANY OF THESE INDIVIDUALS SEEKING CONSERVATIVE CARE AT SOME POINT. THE UNDERSTANDING OF TENDINOPATHIES HAS CHANGED DRAMATICALLY OVER THE PAST DECADE, AS HAVE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF ROTATOR CUFF TENDINOPATHY INCLUDING THE UNDERLYING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, AS WELL AS THE EVIDENCE UNDERSCORING PHARMACOLOGICAL AND EXERCISE-BASED INTERVENTIONS.
Danger Changes the Way the Mammalian Brain Stores Information About Innocuous Events: A Study of Sensory Preconditioning in Rats
Authors: Holmes Nathan M. , Raipuria Mukesh , Qureshi Omar A. , Killcross Simon , Westbrook Fred
Published: January 2018

The amygdala is a critical substrate for learning about cues that signal danger. Less is known about its role in processing innocuous or background information. The present study addressed this question using a sensory preconditioning protocol in male rats. In each experiment, rats were exposed to pairings of two innocuous stimuli in stage 1, S2 and S1, and then to pairings of S1 and shock in stage 2. As a consequence of this training, control rats displayed defensive reactions (freezing) when tested with both S2 and S1. The freezing to S2 is a product of two associations formed in training: an S2-S1 association in stage 1 and an S1-shock association in stage 2. We examined the roles of two medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures in consolidation of the S2-S1 association: the perirhinal cortex (PRh) and basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). When the S2-S1 association formed in a safe context, its consolidation required neuronal activity in the PRh (but not BLA), including activation of AMPA receptors and MAPK signaling. In contrast, when the S2-S1 association formed in a dangerous context, or when the context was rendered dangerous immediately after the association had formed, its consolidation required neuronal activity in the BLA (but not PRh), including activation of AMPA receptors and MAPK signaling. These roles of the PRh and BLA show that danger changes the way the mammalian brain stores information about innocuous events. They are discussed with respect to danger-induced changes in stimulus processing.
Effect of liraglutide on atrial natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin, and copeptin in PCOS
Authors: Frøssing Signe , Nylander Malin , Kistorp Caroline , Skouby Sven O , Faber Jens
Published: January 2018

Context

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and biomarkers can be used to detect early subclinical CVD. Midregional-pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), midregional-pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and copeptin are all associated with CVD and part of the delicate system controlling fluid and hemodynamic homeostasis through vascular tonus and diuresis. The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, developed for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D including a decrease in particular MR-proANP.

Objective

To investigate if treatment with liraglutide in women with PCOS reduces levels of the cardiovascular biomarkers MR-proADM, MR-proANP and copeptin.

Methods

Seventy-two overweight women with PCOS were treated with 1.8 mg/day liraglutide or placebo for 26 weeks in a placebo-controlled RCT. Biomarkers, anthropometrics, insulin resistance, body composition (DXA) and visceral fat (MRI) were examined.

Results

Baseline median (IQR) levels were as follows: MR-proADM 0.52 (0.45–0.56) nmol/L, MR-proANP 44.8 (34.6–56.7) pmol/L and copeptin 4.95 (3.50–6.50) pmol/L. Mean percentage differences (95% CI) between liraglutide and placebo group after treatment were as follows: MR-proADM −6% (−11 to 2, P = 0.058), MR-proANP −25% (−37 to −11, P = 0.001) and copeptin +4% (−13 to 25, P = 0.64). Reduction in MR-proANP concentration correlated with both increased heart rate and diastolic blood pressure in the liraglutide group. Multiple regression analyses with adjustment for BMI, free testosterone, insulin resistance, visceral fat, heart rate and eGFR showed reductions in MR-proANP to be independently correlated with an increase in the heart rate.

Conclusion

In an RCT, liraglutide treatment in women with PCOS reduced levels of the cardiovascular risk biomarkers MR-proANP with 25% and MR-proADM with 6% (borderline significance) compared with placebo. The decrease in MR-proANP was independently associated with an increase in the heart rate.
The nonlocal problem for the differential-operator equation of the even order with the involution
Authors: Baranetskij Ya.O. , Kalenyuk P.I. , Kolyasa L.I. , Kopach M.I.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the problem with boundary nonself-adjoint conditions for a differential-operator equations of the order $2n$ with involution is studied. Spectral properties of operator of the problem is investigated.

By analogy of separation of variables the nonlocal problem for the differential-operator equation of the even order is reduced to a sequence $ \{L_{k}\}_{k=1}^{\infty}$ of operators of boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations of even order. It is established that each element $L_{k}$, of this sequence, is an isospectral perturbation of the self-adjoint operator $L_{0,k}$ of the boundary value problem for some linear differential equation of order 2n.

We construct a commutative group of transformation operators whose elements reflect the system $V(L_{0,k})$ of the eigenfunctions of the operator $L_{0,k}$ in the system $V(L_{k})$ of the eigenfunctions of the operators $L_{k}$. The eigenfunctions of the operator $L$ of the boundary value problem for a differential equation with involution are obtained as the result of the action of some specially constructed operator on eigenfunctions of the sequence of operators $L_{0,k}.$

The conditions under which the system of eigenfunctions of operator $L$ the studied problem is a Riesz basis is established.
Metric on the spectrum of the algebra of entire symmetric functions of bounded type on the complex $L_\infty$
Authors: Vasylyshyn T.V.
Published: January 2018

It is known that every complex-valued homomorphism of the Fréchet algebra $H_{bs}(L_\infty)$ of all entire symmetric functions of bounded type on the complex Banach space $L_\infty$ is a point-evaluation functional $\delta_x$ (defined by $\delta_x(f) = f(x)$ for $f \in H_{bs}(L_\infty)$) at some point $x \in L_\infty.$ Therefore, the spectrum (the set of all continuous complex-valued homomorphisms) $M_{bs}$ of the algebra $H_{bs}(L_\infty)$ is one-to-one with the quotient set $L_\infty/_\sim,$ where an equivalence relation "$\sim$'' on $L_\infty$ is defined by $x\sim y \Leftrightarrow \delta_x = \delta_y.$ Consequently, $M_{bs}$ can be endowed with the quotient topology. On the other hand, $M_{bs}$ has a natural representation as a set of sequences which endowed with the coordinate-wise addition and the quotient topology forms an Abelian topological group. We show that the topology on $M_{bs}$ is metrizable and it is induced by the metric $d(\xi, \eta) = \sup_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\sqrt[n]{|\xi_n-\eta_n|},$ where $\xi = \{\xi_n\}_{n=1}^\infty,\eta = \{\eta_n\}_{n=1}^\infty \in M_{bs}.$
Innovation Policy of the European Union – Overview of Theoretical Foundations and Empirical Aspects
Authors: Wysokińska Zofia
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to analyse the directions and instruments of the innovation policy of the European Union, showing how its theoretical and structural underpinnings influence innovation, which is considered one of the main factors in enhancing the competitiveness of both enterprises and countries on the international market. The article also analyses how technology transfers and knowledge exchanges (spillovers) influence changes in international competiveness at both the micro- and macro-economic levels, as well as the significance of the internationalization of enterprises resulting from Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in terms of the diffusion of innovative processes at both the European and international levels. In this regard special attention is given to the financing of R&D in the successive Framework Programmes of the European Union aimed at supporting innovation
Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sirsak, Kirinyuh, dan Rimpang Lengkuas terhadap Pertumbuhan Koloni Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: Hodiyah Ida , Hartini Elya , Amilin Amir , Yusup Moch Fauzian
Published: January 2018

Several plants that are potentially used as bio-pesticides are soursop, siam weed, and galangal. The research objective was to find out the effectiveness of leaf extract of soursop and C. odorata, and extract of galangal rhizome in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum colonies, causing antracnose on chilli, in in vitro. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Siliwangi Tasikmalaya from July until August 2016. The research design used was a completely randomized design consisted of nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were A ( control); B (soursop leaf extract, 0,5%); C (soursop leaf extract, 1%); D (C. odorata leaf extract, 0,5 %); E (C. odorata leaf extract 1%); F (galangal rhizome extract 0,5%); G (galangal rhizome extract 1%); H (mixture of soursop leaf extract, C. odorata leaf extract, and galangal rhizome extract each 0,5%; and I (mixture of soursop leaf extract, C. odorata leaf extract, and galangal rhizome extract each 1%). The results showed that the mixture of each 1% soursop leaf extract, C.odorata leaf extract and galangal rhizome extract was effective in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum colonies at 7 and 14 days incubation period by 66,19% and 69,94% respectively. The three extracts are potentials as anti-fungus of C. acutatum.
Keragaman Karakter Morfo-Agronomi dan Keanekaragaman Galur- galur Cabai Besar (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Agustina Nur Indah , Waluyo Budi
Published: January 2018

The objective of this research was to study the variability of morpho-agronomic characters, genetic distance, and genetic diversity of 39 chili pepper lines. The experiment was conducted from January until June 2017, in Agro Techno Park of Universitas Brawijaya, at Jatikerto, Malang Regency. This research was conducted by using randomized block design (RBD) with treatment of 39 chili pepper genotypes repeated two times. Observation was made on agronomic characters. The variability was analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) with the approach of the Pearson correlation. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) with the Pearson correlation coefficient of similarity and agglomeration method unweighted pair-group average was performed for lines grouping. Genetic diversity was obtained using Shannon index (H’) and Simpson index (D). The agronomic characters variability of chili pepper lines based on principal component analysis (PCA) was divided into 9 principal components  with cumulative variability value 82,59%. Genetic distance was divided into four main groups at coefficient of 91% -100%. Mantel test of genetic distance based on 24 qualitative and 18 quantitative characters showed a significant positive correlation coefficient (r = 0,173 and P <0,0001). Diversity index based Shannon index (H’) included category 1-3 showed that the level of diversity was medium, and based on Simpson index 0,39 showed a low level diversity. The percentage proportion of the abundance in four groups showed a variation. Group A had the highest abundance and group D was the lowest.
Keragaman Genetik dan Kekerabatan Genotip Kacang Bambara (Vigna subteranea L.) Lokal Jawa Barat
Authors: Sobari Enceng , Wicaksana Noladhi
Published: January 2018

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subteranea L.) is one of underutliized crops in Indonesia. Bambara groundnut is potential to be developed and can be utilized as an alternative food source in Indonesia. Bambara groundnut greatly varies and has a very wide area of adaptation. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field station at Ciparanje in Padjadjaran University. Starting on September 2014 until March 2015 with Randomized Block Design (RBD) and repeated two times. The research used 30 accessions originally from various locations in West Java (Bandung, Tasikmalaya, Garut, Sumedang, Bogor, Majalengka) and East Java (Lamongan, Madura). Genetic variability of Bambara groundnut landrace  in some West Java showed broad criteria on the characters fresh pod weight, dry pod weight, weight of 100 seeds, and weight per plot. Genotypes which had many similarities in some characters based on euclidian distance coefficient had close relationship.
Specifying resistance against carbonation-induced corrosion by performance
Authors: Harrison Thomas A.
Published: January 2018

The determination of performance levels for carbonation resistance from modelling or from benchmarking current national provisions does not give consistent results. Current modelling tends to inaccurately determine values for concretes containing cements with less than 55% Portland cement clinker. This is probably due to the input from standard carbonation tests, where the relative humidity of 57% to 65% significantly reduces further hydration. Data from sheltered natural exposure sites show that concrete made from slowly reacting cements perform much better than predicted by modelling. Testing the carbonation resistance of concretes conforming to the recommendations in BS 8500-1 is not normally necessary, but in the author's opinion there are a few situations, identified in the paper, where carbonation testing is advisable. As it is almost essential that performance results are obtained in a reasonable timescale, carbonation-resistance requirements should be specified in terms of accelerated test criteria. Specifying the performance requirements given in this paper for the accelerated test procedure (prEN 12390-12) will be safe but very conservative for slowly reacting cements. Where carbonation resistance is specified by performance, it is prudent to specify, in addition to the performance requirements, limiting values, until sufficient experience is obtained from specifying durability by performance.
У истоков медикализации: основы российской социальной политики в сфере репродуктивного здоровья (1760–1860 гг.)
Authors: Пушкарева Наталья Львовна , Мицюк Наталья Александровна
Published: January 2018

Наталья Львовна Пушкарева – д. и.н., профессор, Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН им. Н. Н. Миклухо-Маклая, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: pushkarev@mail.ru

Наталья Александровна Мицюк – д. и.н., доцент, Смоленский государственный медицинский университет, Смоленск, Россия. Электронная почта: mitsyuk.natalia@gmail.com

DOI: 10.17323/727-0634-2017-15-4-515-530

Статья посвящена изучению процесса перехода от народного к научному акушерству в России периода позднего Нового времени. Наша цель – проанализировать особенности процесса медикализации деторождения и патологизации родового акта во врачебном дискурсе. Источниками исследования выступила литература по акушерству с 1760-х гг. до середины XIX в. Актуальными явились подходы социальной истории медицины, гендерной истории и феминисткой антропологии, а также методы контент-анализа и дискурсивного анализа. Необходимость в научном осмыслении процесса деторождения в России возникла во второй половине XVIII в., что было связано как с развитием научной медицины в целом, так и с открытием первых учебных заведений по обу­чению повивальному искусству. На пути распространения научного акушерства стояли гендерные стереотипы общества в отношении недопустимости мужчин к осмотру и изучению женского тела. Врачи-акушеры, стремясь обосновать собственный авторитет среди медицинских специальностей и превосходство над носительницами традиционных знаний, писали об особой политической значимости своего дела. Авторитет научного акушерства утверждался за счет развития учения об оперативном акушерстве. Акушерские операции, применение новых технологических инструментов, гинекологические операции становились преимуществами клиницистов. Утверждение социального контроля врачей над сферой деторождения происходило через патологизацию родов. Клиническое пространство превращалось в область экспериментов над женским телом, которое стало рассматриваться в качестве объекта наблюдений, и особых практик со стороны медиков. Роженица из активного участника, субъекта родовой деятельности становилась пассивным объектом врачебных манипуляций. Процесс медикализации женского репродуктивного здоровья выражался и в том, что акушерская наука, включив в себя учение о половом развитии женского организма, взяла под контроль целый жизненный период женщины – от созревания до беременности, родов, послеродового восстановления и женских болезней. К середине XIX в. утвердилась иерархия в деятельности врача-акушера и повитухи. Врачи-акушеры стали контролировать область патологического акушерства, оказывая пособие при «трудных родах». Сформировалась усредненная модель «правильных» и «неправильных родов», любые отклонения от «нормы» стали рассматриваться как повод для врачебного вмешательства.
Gender Representation in Russian Academic Journals
Authors: Krasnyak Olga
Published: January 2018

Olga Krasnyak – PhD in History, a Lecturer in International Studies, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Еmail: olga.k@yonsei.ac.kr

DOI: 10.17323/727-0634-2017-15-4-617-628

Representation of women in academic outputs is an important indicator of a country’s gender equality. Starting in the 1950s, extensive scientific growth in the Soviet Union came with the establishment of a large number of academic institutions and journals. However, this massive rise in academic production has not been accompanied by an increase in equality between women and men in terms of publications; the sciences and the humanities remain dominated by men. This study focuses on gender disparity in domestic academic productivity. The availability of online archives and a long history of publications were crucial factors in choosing specific journals for this study. Collected data include the output statistics of the following journals: for humanities, Questions of History (1955–2013) and Russian Literature (1958–2014); for sciences, Acoustical Physics (1955–2014), Mathematical Notes (1967–2014), and Biomedical Chemistry (1956–2014). In addition, a list of publications of the journal Questions of Psychology available in the period between 1980 and 1999 was also taken into account. The data show the percentage of female academic outputs and its changes through the decades, taking into account the socioeconomic, political, and historical background. A brief analysis of the scientific productivity reveals underrepresentation of women authored publications in mathematics (7 %), physics (11 %), and history (15 %). On the other hand, psychology (40 %), biochemistry (39 %), and literature (28 %) show better rates of gender equality. The article provides an explanation of this phenomena. During decades, a slight increase of women authored outputs gradually occurred in every scientific discipline, although this share was still low overall. The outcomes were compared with gender representation in sciences and humanities in other countries, which allows the conclusion that gender disparity in terms of the academic output in analysed Russian journals is not unique but follows global trends.
Забота о благополучии подданных в ранних государствах
Authors: Давыдов Сергей Анатольевич
Published: January 2018

Сергей Анатольевич Давыдов – д. с. н., доцент, профессор кафедры социологии и психологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного экономического университета. Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: licurg@inbox.ru

DOI: 10.17323/727-0634-2017-15-4-643-650

В настоящее время концептуализация понятия социальной политики продолжается. Это дает основания допустить, что оно может освободиться от референций к только индустриальному обществу, которые приписываются сегодня большинством специалистов. Такое допущение имеет эмпирические подтверждения. Известно, что во многих государствах Древнего мира осуществлялись мероприятия, направленные на поддержание приемлемого уровня благополучия, социальной защищенности и общественной солидарности. Они были регулярными, инкорпорированными в формальные институты и имели прочную культурную легитимацию. Древние государства не являлись социальными государствами в строгом смысле этого слова. Но имеются основания полагать, что формирование институциальных практик социальной политики началось задолго до наступления индустриальной эпохи. Так, черты систематического регулирования социальной сферы можно усмотреть в царском праве и в законодательных актах ранних государств. И это не случайно: обладая решающей ролью в формировании механизмов социальной солидарности, правители могли проще объяснять происходящее, формировать нужные им представления, интересы и модели действий – и тем утверждать свою власть над подданными. А это дает основания полагать, что уже на самых ранних этапах развития цивилизации социальная регуляция являлась ключевой функцией государства.
Равенство и справедливость в отношении здоровья: к поиску аналитических инструментов оценки
Authors: Мухарямова Лайсан Музиповна , Кузнецова Ирина Борисовна
Published: January 2018

Лайсан Музиповна Мухарямова – д.полит.н, профессор, заведующая кафедрой истории, философии и социологии, Казанский государственный медицинский университет. Казань, Россия. Электронная почта: l.mukharyamova@yandex.ru

Ирина Борисовна Кузнецова– к. с.н., доцент, cтарший научный сотрудник, Школа географии, Земли и наук об окружающей среде, Университет Бирмингема, Бирмингем, Соединенное королевство, доцент кафедры истории, философии и социологии, Казанский государственный медицинский университет. Электронная почта: i.kuznetsova@bham.ac.uk

DOI: 10.17323/727-0634-2017-15-4-651-659

Статья представляет собой обзор современных западных подходов к пониманию справедливости в отношении здоровья, обозначая основные дискуссионные моменты. Вслед за Уиллом Кимликой в академических дискуссиях о справедливости выделяются проблемы ответственности и равенства. Вопросы о соотношении между индивидуальной ответственностью и социальными факторами являются фундаментальными для всех современных теорий справедливости в отношении здоровья. Равенство может пониматься как экономическое равенство, как равенство возможностей или как равенство в свободе. Согласно ученым, объясняющим состояние здоровья через призму индивидуальной ответственности, получение неравных медицинских услуг справедливо, если это неравенство является результатом личного выбора и собственных действий. Вместе с тем зависимость количества и качества медицинских услуг от ответственности людей за свое здоровье увеличивает риски для тех, кто уже находится в наихудшем положении. Другая группа ученых анализирует социальные детерминанты здоровья, включающие в себя обстоятельства повседневной жизни, доступность удовлетворения материальных потребностей, окружающую среду, а также социальные, экономические и политические условия, социальные и культурные нормы. Детерминанты формируются вследствие политики и под воздействием распределения финансов, власти и других ресурсов на глобальном, национальном и местном уровне, выступают главными причинами несправедливости. При этом если социальная справедливость понимается как наличие возможностей (в случае с здравоохранением – равный доступ к здоровью), то здоровье тождественно справедливости. Обеспечение справедливости в отношении здоровья является социально-экономической, политической и этической проблемой, решение которой возможно только в таком междисциплинарном поле. Признание на международном уровне социальных факторов здоровья и необходимости преодоления неравенства в отношении доступа к здравоохранению, актуализируют исследование влияния социально-экономических детерминант на индивидуальное поведение людей.
Это не просто бизнес: социальная составляющая российского краудфандинга
Authors: Латышева Александра Николаевна
Published: January 2018

Александра Николаевна Латышева – aспирант, Институт общественных наук, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ (РАНХиГС); продюсер, АО «Первый канал. Всемирная сеть» (Первый Digital), Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: sasha.latysheva@yandex.ru

DOI: 10.17323/727-0634-2017-15-4-660-668

Рассматривая историю появления термина «краудфандинг», я анализирую основные теоретические подходы к определению краудфандинга. Во-первых, как бизнес-инструмента для сбора средств на «стартапы». Во-вторых, как элемента альтернативной экономики, когда крауд-спонсоры организуют сообщество вокруг своей площадки, чтобы произвести нужный продукт или услугу. В-третьих, в контексте социокультурного значения этого явления. Как отмечают многие российские исследователи, большинство крауд-спонсоров имеют нематериальную мотивацию, которая игнорируется при изучении краудфандинга исключительно как инструмента для товарно-денежного обмена. Я предлагаю определение краудфандинга, аккумулирующее разные точки зрения, и характеризую ведущие зарубежные краудфандинговые платформы (Kickstarter и IndieGoGo), перечисляю специализированные площадки, разбираю особенности крупнейших российских краудфандинговых платформ (Planeta.ru и Boomstarter). В качестве примера специализированной российской площадки предлагаю рассмотреть проект Sbor-nik, занимающийся сбором средств для издания книг. Для каждой из платформ привожу данные по количеству запущенных проектов, активных пользователей и собранных средств. Отдельно уделяется внимание нематериальной мотивации пользователей: привожу примеры социальных и благотворительных проектов, размещенных на перечисленных выше площадках, а также ситуации, когда пользователи отказывались от вознаграждений или выбирали нематериальные формы вознаграждений (благодарность, упоминание в числе спонсоров). Особо акцентирую внимание на социокультурных особенностях предпочтений спонсоров. Анализирую особенности требований площадок, их самопозиционирования и проектов, размещаемых на них. Сделана попытка ответить на вопросы, что такое краудфандинг как общественное и культурное явление и в чем заключаются его особенности в России. Это явление можно рассматривать как средство, которое выбирают пользователи, чтобы компенсировать недостатки государственной социальной и культурной политики.
systemic infection in Drosophila v1
Authors: M Monteith Katy
Published: January 2018

This protocol describes how to systemically infect fruit flies with either a bacterial or viral infection through pricking the mesopleuron of the thorax
Maintaining fly stocks v1
Authors: M Monteith Katy
Published: January 2018

This short protocol describes how to maintain your fly stocks as single generation, age-matched populations. The method described encourages a health fly population, firstly, as individuals mate and oviposit during an optimal age when females are highly fecund and secondly, because the reduced crossing over of generations reduces the risk of horizontal diseasetransmission.
Clinical profile of patients with tinea versicolor
Authors: Devendrappa K. , Javed Mohammed Waseem
Published: January 2018

Background: Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection caused by the polymorphous endogenous yeast Malassezia furfur. Infection typically occurs on the trunk and proximal upper extremities and is characterized by distinctive scaly, coalescent hyperpigmented and/or hypopigmented to erythematous patches. Tinea versicolor is a superficial chronically recurring fungal infection of the stratum corneum, characterized by scaly, hypo and hyperpigmented irregular macules, usually located on the trunk and proximal extremities caused by pityrosporum orbiculare.

Methods: 100 patients of untreated tinea versicolor who attended the outpatient department were selected at random irrespective of their age, socioeconomic status, occupation. A detailed history was taken, regarding the age, sex, religion, occupation, socioeconomic status, residence, duration and course of the disease, site of distribution of lesion and any other associated cutaneous and systemic diseases.

Results: The majority patients i.e. 27 (27%) were students and followed by the unskilled workers who comprised 20% of patients. The incidence is quite low in business and official class 3% and 11% respectively.

Conclusions: The duration of the disease in 93% of patients was less than 10 years and in 7% the duration was more than 10 years.