bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust ptychographic X-ray speckle tracking with multilayer Laue lenses
Authors: Ivanov Nikolay , Lukas Dresselhaus J. , Carnis Jerome , Domaracky Martin , Fleckenstein Holger , Li Chufeng , Li Tang , Prasciolu Mauro , Yefanov Oleksandr , Zhang Wenhui , Bajt Saša , Chapman Henry N.
Published: June 2022

In recent years, X-ray speckle tracking techniques have emerged as viable tools for wavefront metrology and sample imaging applications, and have been actively developed for use at synchrotron light sources. Speckle techniques can recover an image free of aberrations and can be used to measure wavefronts with a high angular sensitivity. Since they are compatible with low-coherence sources they can be also used with laboratory X-ray sources. A new implementation of the ptychographic X-ray speckle tracking method, suitable for the metrology of highly divergent wavefields, such as those created by multilayer Laue lenses, is presented here. This new program incorporates machine learning techniques such as Huber and non-parametric regression and enables robust and quick wavefield measurements and data evaluation even for low brilliance X-ray beams, and the imaging of low-contrast samples. To realize this, a software suite was written in Python 3, with a C back-end capable of concurrent calculations for high performance. It is accessible as a Python module and is available as source code under Version 3 or later of the GNU General Public License.
Long short-term memory neural network for directly inverse design of nanofin metasurface
Authors: Deng Wenqiang , Xu Zhengji , Wang Jinhao , Lv Jinwen
Published: June 2022

In this Letter, the neural network long short-term memory (LSTM) is used to quickly and accurately predict the polarization sensitivity of a nanofin metasurface. In the forward prediction, we construct a deep neural network (DNN) with the same structure for comparison with LSTM. The test results show that LSTM has a higher accuracy and better robustness than DNN in similar cases. In the inverse design, we directly build an LSTM to reverse the design similar to the forward prediction network. By inputting the extinction ratio value in 8–12 µm, the inverse network can directly provide the unit cell geometry of the nanofin metasurface. Compared with other methods used to inverse design photonic structures using deep learning, our method is more direct because no other networks are introduced.
High extinction ratio and low backreflection polarization maintaining hollow-core to solid-core fiber interconnection
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Hong YiFeng , Sheng YuLin , Jia AnQing , Liu XueQian , Gao ShouFei , Ding Wei , Wang YingYing
Published: June 2022

We develop a hybrid cold/heat two-step splicing approach for low loss, low backreflection, and high polarization extinction ratio (PER) hollow-core to solid-core fiber interconnection. The employed hollow-core fiber (HCF) is our recently developed high-birefringence polarization-maintaining hollow-core fiber (PM-HCF) with a PER value of ∼30 dB, and the solid-core fiber (SCF) is a commercial Panda polarization-maintaining fiber (Panda fiber). Simultaneous low backreflection (<−35 dB), low insertion loss (IL) (∼0.7 dB), and high PER (∼27 dB) are achieved, representing the first high-performance PM-HCF/SCF interconnections, to the best of our knowledge. This greatly facilitates the applications of PM-HCF in widespread fields such as precise metrologies, gyroscopes, and ultrafast/high-power laser deliveries.
Complex-valued decision feedback equalizer for optical IMDD signals with adaptive manipulations in time and amplitude domains
Authors: Sun Lin , Xiao Jiawang , Cai Yi , Shen Gangxiang , Ning Liu Gordon , Lu Chao
Published: June 2022

In this work, we innovatively equalize optical intensity-modulated and directly detected (IMDD) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals using a complex-valued decision feedback equalizer (CDFE). Through mapping adjacent symbols of PAM-4 signals onto the complex domain, the influence of strongest inter-symbol interference (ISI) can be alleviated during the decision process in a decision feedback equalizer (DFE), effectively combating burst-error propagation when signals are noisy. Moreover, signal-adaptive manipulations of DFE parameters in both the time and the amplitude domain are performed by using an ultra-stable timing recovery and level-adaptive decision. Performance evaluations are made on vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) modulated and multimode fiber (MMF) transmitted 100-Gbit/s optical PAM-4 signals. Based on experimental results of the short-reach optical communication, the proposed DFE outperforms the traditional DFE with a 0.5-dB system power budget gain at the 7% overhead (OH) forward error correction (FEC) bit error rate (BER) threshold.
Hybrid training of optical neural networks
Authors: Spall James , Guo Xianxin , Lvovsky A. I.
Published: June 2022

Optical neural networks are emerging as a promising type of machine learning hardware capable of energy-efficient, parallel computation. Today’s optical neural networks are mainly developed to perform optical inference after in silico training on digital simulators. However, various physical imperfections that cannot be accurately modeled may lead to the notorious “reality gap” between the digital simulator and the physical system. To address this challenge, we demonstrate hybrid training of optical neural networks where the weight matrix is trained with neuron activation functions computed optically via forward propagation through the network. We examine the efficacy of hybrid training with three different networks: an optical linear classifier, a hybrid opto-electronic network, and a complex-valued optical network. We perform a study comparative to in silico training, and our results show that hybrid training is robust against different kinds of static noise. Our platform-agnostic hybrid training scheme can be applied to a wide variety of optical neural networks, and this work paves the way towards advanced all-optical training in machine intelligence.
Finding landmarks - An investigation of viewing behavior during spatial navigation in VR using a graph-theoretical analysis approach
Authors: Walter Jasmin L. , Essmann Lucas , König Sabine U. , König Peter
Published: June 2022

Vision provides the most important sensory information for spatial navigation. Recent technical advances allow new options to conduct more naturalistic experiments in virtual reality (VR) while additionally gathering data of the viewing behavior with eye tracking investigations. Here, we propose a method that allows one to quantify characteristics of visual behavior by using graph-theoretical measures to abstract eye tracking data recorded in a 3D virtual urban environment. The analysis is based on eye tracking data of 20 participants, who freely explored the virtual city Seahaven for 90 minutes with an immersive VR headset with an inbuild eye tracker. To extract what participants looked at, we defined “gaze” events, from which we created gaze graphs. On these, we applied graph-theoretical measures to reveal the underlying structure of visual attention. Applying graph partitioning, we found that our virtual environment could be treated as one coherent city. To investigate the importance of houses in the city, we applied the node degree centrality measure. Our results revealed that 10 houses had a node degree that exceeded consistently two-sigma distance from the mean node degree of all other houses. The importance of these houses was supported by the hierarchy index, which showed a clear hierarchical structure of the gaze graphs. As these high node degree houses fulfilled several characteristics of landmarks, we named them “gaze-graph-defined landmarks”. Applying the rich club coefficient, we found that these gaze-graph-defined landmarks were preferentially connected to each other and that participants spend the majority of their experiment time in areas where at least two of those houses were visible. Our findings do not only provide new experimental evidence for the development of spatial knowledge, but also establish a new methodology to identify and assess the function of landmarks in spatial navigation based on eye tracking data.
The use of technology for social interaction by people with dementia: A scoping review
Authors: Anderson Merryn , Menon Rachel , Oak Katy , Allan Louise
Published: June 2022

People with dementia (PwD) are at risk of experiencing loneliness, which is associated with physical and mental health difficulties [1]. Technology is a possible tool to increase social connection and reduce loneliness. This scoping review aims to examine the current evidence regarding the use of technology to reduce loneliness in PwD. A scoping review was carried out. Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane database, NHS Evidence, Trials register, Open Grey, ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore were searched in April 2021. A sensitive search strategy was constructed using combinations of free text and thesaurus terms to retrieve articles about dementia, technology and social-interaction. Pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. Paper quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and results reported according to PRISMA guidelines [2,3]. 73 papers were identified publishing the results of 69 studies. Technological interventions included robots, tablets/computers and other forms of technology. Methodologies were varied and limited synthesis was possible. There is some evidence that technology is a beneficial intervention to reduce loneliness. Important considerations include personalisation and the context of the intervention. The current evidence is limited and variable; future research is warranted including studies with specific loneliness outcome measures, studies focusing on PwD living alone, and technology as part of intervention programmes.
Empirical estimates of the mutation rate for an alphabaculovirus
Authors: Boezen Dieke , Ali Ghulam , Wang Manli , Wang Xi , van der Werf Wopke , Vlak Just M. , Zwart Mark P.
Published: June 2022

Mutation rates are of key importance for understanding evolutionary processes and predicting their outcomes. Empirical mutation rate estimates are available for a number of RNA viruses, but few are available for DNA viruses, which tend to have larger genomes. Whilst some viruses have very high mutation rates, lower mutation rates are expected for viruses with large genomes to ensure genome integrity. Alphabaculoviruses are insect viruses with large genomes and often have high levels of polymorphism, suggesting high mutation rates despite evidence of proofreading activity by the replication machinery. Here, we report an empirical estimate of the mutation rate per base per strand copying (s/n/r) of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). To avoid biases due to selection, we analyzed mutations that occurred in a stable, non-functional genomic insert after five serial passages in Spodoptera exigua larvae. Our results highlight that viral demography and the stringency of mutation calling affect mutation rate estimates, and that using a population genetic simulation model to make inferences can mitigate the impact of these processes on estimates of mutation rate. We estimated a mutation rate of μ = 1×10−7 s/n/r when applying the most stringent criteria for mutation calling, and estimates of up to μ = 5×10−7 s/n/r when relaxing these criteria. The rates at which different classes of mutations accumulate provide good evidence for neutrality of mutations occurring within the inserted region. We therefore present a robust approach for mutation rate estimation for viruses with stable genomes, and strong evidence of a much lower alphabaculovirus mutation rate than supposed based on the high levels of polymorphism observed.
Fasciclin 2 engages EGFR in an auto-stimulatory loop to promote imaginal disc cell proliferation in Drosophila
Authors: Velasquez Emma , Gomez-Sanchez Jose A. , Donier Emmanuelle , Grijota-Martinez Carmen , Cabedo Hugo , Garcia-Alonso Luis
Published: June 2022

How cell to cell interactions control local tissue growth to attain a species-specific organ size is a central question in developmental biology. The Drosophila Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule, Fasciclin 2, is expressed during the development of neural and epithelial organs. Fasciclin 2 is a homophilic-interaction protein that shows moderate levels of expression in the proliferating epithelia and high levels in the differentiating non-proliferative cells of imaginal discs. Genetic interactions and mosaic analyses reveal a cell autonomous requirement of Fasciclin 2 to promote cell proliferation in imaginal discs. This function is mediated by the EGFR, and indirectly involves the JNK and Hippo signaling pathways. We further show that Fasciclin 2 physically interacts with EGFR and that, in turn, EGFR activity promotes the cell autonomous expression of Fasciclin 2 during imaginal disc growth. We propose that this auto-stimulatory loop between EGFR and Fasciclin 2 is at the core of a cell to cell interaction mechanism that controls the amount of intercalary growth in imaginal discs.
Widespread phages of endosymbionts: Phage WO genomics and the proposed taxonomic classification of Symbioviridae
Authors: Bordenstein Sarah R. , Bordenstein Seth R.
Published: June 2022

Wolbachia are the most common obligate, intracellular bacteria in animals. They exist worldwide in arthropod and nematode hosts in which they commonly act as reproductive parasites or mutualists, respectively. Bacteriophage WO, the largest of Wolbachia’s mobile elements, includes reproductive parasitism genes, serves as a hotspot for genetic divergence and genomic rearrangement of the bacterial chromosome, and uniquely encodes a Eukaryotic Association Module with eukaryotic-like genes and an ensemble of putative host interaction genes. Despite WO’s relevance to genome evolution, selfish genetics, and symbiotic applications, relatively little is known about its origin, host range, diversification, and taxonomic classification. Here we analyze the most comprehensive set of 150 Wolbachia and phage WO assemblies to provide a framework for discretely organizing and naming integrated phage WO genomes. We demonstrate that WO is principally in arthropod Wolbachia with relatives in diverse endosymbionts and metagenomes, organized into four variants related by gene synteny, often oriented opposite the putative origin of replication in the Wolbachia chromosome, and the large serine recombinase is an ideal typing tool to distinguish the four variants. We identify a novel, putative lytic cassette and WO’s association with a conserved eleven gene island, termed Undecim Cluster, that is enriched with virulence-like genes. Finally, we evaluate WO-like Islands in the Wolbachia genome and discuss a new model in which Octomom, a notable WO-like Island, arose from a split with WO. Together, these findings establish the first comprehensive Linnaean taxonomic classification of endosymbiont phages, including non-Wolbachia phages from aquatic environments, that includes a new family and two new genera to capture the collective relatedness of these viruses.
Comparison of the Serion IgM ELISA and Microscopic Agglutination Test for diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infections in sera from different geographical origins and estimation of Leptospira seroprevalence in the Wiwa indigenous population from Colombia
Authors: Dreyfus Anou , Ruf Marie-Thérèse , Goris Marga , Poppert Sven , Mayer-Scholl Anne , Loosli Nadine , Bier Nadja S. , Paris Daniel H. , Tshokey Tshokey , Stenos John , Rajaonarimirana Eliharintsoa , Concha Gustavo , Orozco Jorge , Colorado Johana , Aristizábal Andrés , Dib Juan C. , Kann Simone
Published: June 2022

Leptospirosis is among the most important zoonotic diseases in (sub-)tropical countries. The research objective was to evaluate the accuracy of the Serion IgM ELISA EST125M against the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT = imperfect reference test); to assess its ability to diagnose acute leptospirosis infections and to detect previous exposure to leptospires in an endemic setting. In addition, to estimate the overall Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in the Wiwa indigenous population in North-East Colombia. We analysed serum samples from confirmed leptospirosis patients from the Netherlands (N = 14), blood donor sera from Switzerland (N = 20), and sera from a cross-sectional study in Colombia (N = 321). All leptospirosis ELISA-positive, and a random of negative samples from Colombia were tested by the MAT for confirmation. The ELISA performed with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 77% - 100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI 83% - 100%) based on MAT confirmed Leptospira spp. positive and negative samples. In the cross-sectional study in Colombia, the ELISA performed with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 2–100%) and a specificity of 21% (95% CI 15–28%). Assuming a 5% Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in this population, the positive predictive value was 6% and the negative predictive value 100%. The Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in the Wiwas tested by the ELISA was 39%; however, by MAT only 0.3%. The ELISA is suitable to diagnose leptospirosis in acutely ill patients in Europe several days after onset of disease. For cross-sectional studies it is not recommended due to its low specificity. Despite the evidence of a high leptospirosis prevalence in other study areas and populations in Colombia, the Wiwa do not seem to be highly exposed to Leptospira spp.. Nevertheless, leptospirosis should be considered and tested in patients presenting with febrile illness.
Pre-clinical evaluation of LASSBio-1491: From in vitro pharmacokinetic study to in vivo leishmanicidal activity
Authors: de Queiroz Aline Cavalcanti , Barbosa Gisele , de Oliveira Victória Regina Thomaz , de Mattos Alves Hélio , Alves Marina Amaral , Carregaro Vanessa , Santana da Silva João , Barreiro Eliezer Jesus , Alexandre-Moreira Magna Suzana , Lima Lidia Moreira
Published: June 2022

Leishmaniasis is a public health issue. It is among the top five parasitic illnesses worldwide and is one of the most neglected diseases. The current treatment disease includes limitations of toxicity, variable efficacy, high costs and inconvenient doses and treatment schedules. LASSBio-1736 was described as antileishmanial drug-candidate to cutaneous leishmaniasis, displaying plasma stability and with no preliminary signals of hepatic or renal toxicity. In this paper, we described thein vitropharmacokinetic study of LASSBio-1491 (a less lipophilic isostere of LASSBio-1736) and it isin vitroandin vivoleishmanicidal activities. Our results demonstrated that LASSBio-1491 has high permeability, satisfactory aqueous solubility, long plasma and microsomal half-lives and lowin vitrosystemic clearance, suggesting a pharmacokinetic profile suitable for its use in a single daily dose. The antileishmanial effect of LASSBio-1491 was confirmedin vitroandin vivo. It exhibited no cytotoxic effect to mammalian cells and displayed goodin –vivoeffect against BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major LV39 substrain, being 3 times more efficient than glucantime.
A mixed methods expert opinion study on the optimal content and format for an occupational therapy intervention to improve sleep in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Faulkner Sophie M. , Drake Richard J. , Ogden Margaret , Gardani Maria , Bee Penny E.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

People with schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnoses commonly have poor sleep, which predicts various negative outcomes. The problems are diverse, including substantial circadian dysregulation, sleep-wake timing issues, hypersomnia (excessive sleep), and more classic insomnia.

Methods

This paper reports on a mixed methods expert opinion study based on the principles of Delphi methodology. The study examines and explores opinion on the optimal contents and format for an occupational therapy intervention to improve poor sleep in this population. Views of clinical and academic topic experts (n = 56), were elicited, examined and explored in three rounds, views from previous rounds being presented back to participants in subsequent rounds. Participants with relevant personal experience (n = 26) then rated and commented on suggestions, with a focus on acceptability. Descriptive statistics and graphs of ratings were triangulated with qualitative content analysis of free-text.

Results

Participants emphasised the central importance of intervention personalisation, although the manner and extent of personalisation suggested varied. Many components and domains were acknowledged as important, with the challenge being how to keep such an intervention simple, brief, and feasible for end-users, for sustainable implementation. The strongest consensus was to address evening routine, daytime activity, and environmental interventions. Relaxation, mindfulness, thermoregulation, sensory factors, and cognitive or psychological approaches were rated as less important. There was disagreement on whether to include time in bed restriction, and how to address napping, as well as how far to address medication timing. Clinicians and researchers advocated some version of stimulus control, but participants with personal experience reported low levels of acceptability for this, describing entirely negative experiences using ‘the 15-minute rule’ (part of stimulus control).

Conclusion

These results are informative for clinicians treating sleep problems in people with schizophrenia and related conditions, as well as for decision makers considering the potential contribution of the profession of occupational therapy toward sleep treatment.
Vitamin D-mediated effects on airway innate immunity in vitro
Authors: Stapleton Emma M. , Keck Kathy , Windisch Robert , Stroik Mallory R. , Thurman Andrew L. , Zabner Joseph , Thornell Ian M. , Pezzulo Alejandro A. , Klesney-Tait Julia , Comellas Alejandro P.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Vitamin D supplementation has been suggested to enhance immunity during respiratory infection season. We tested the effect of active vitamin D (calcitriol) supplementation on key airway innate immune mechanisms in vitro.

Methods

Primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) grown at the air liquid interface were supplemented with 10−7 M calcitriol for 24 hours (or a time course) and their antimicrobial airway surface liquid (ASL) was tested for pH, viscoscity, and antibacterial and antiviral properties. We also tested hAEC ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Next, we assessed alterations to hAEC gene expression using RNA sequencing, and based on results, we measured neutrophil migration across hAECs.

Results

Calcitriol supplementation enhanced ASL bacterial killing of Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.02) but did not enhance its antiviral activity against 229E-CoV. It had no effect on ASL pH or viscosity at three timepoints. Lastly, it did not affect hAEC CBF or neutrophil migration, although there was a trend of enhanced migration in the presence of a neutrophil chemokine (p = 0.09). Supplementation significantly altered hAEC gene expression, primarily of AMP-related genes including CAMP and TREM1.

Conclusion

While vitamin D supplementation did not have effects on many airway innate immune mechanisms, it may provide a useful tool to resolve respiratory bacterial infections.
Excessive immunosuppression by regulatory T cells antagonizes T cell response to schistosome infection in PD-1-deficient mice
Authors: Lu Liaoxun , Li Tianhan , Feng Xinyu , Liu Zhilong , Liu Yang , Chao Tianzhu , Gu Yanrong , Huang Rong , Zhang Fanghui , He Le , Zhou Binhui , Kong Eryan , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Wang Xugang , Chen Zhijun , Wang Hui , Malissen Marie , Malissen Bernard , Zhang Lichen , Liang Yinming
Published: June 2022

Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic flatworms known as schistosomes and affects over 200 million people worldwide. Prevention of T cell exhaustion by blockade of PD-1 results in clinical benefits to cancer patients and clearance of viral infections, however it remains largely unknown whether loss of PD-1 could prevent or cure schistosomiasis in susceptible mice. In this study, we found thatS.japonicuminfection dramatically induced PD-1 expression in T cells of the liver where the parasites chronically inhabit and elicit deadly inflammation. Even in mice infected by non-egg-producing unisex parasites, we still observed potent induction of PD-1 in liver T cells of C57BL/6 mice followingS.japonicuminfection. To determine the function of PD-1 in schistosomiasis, we generated PD-1-deficient mice by CRISPR/Cas9 and found that loss of PD-1 markedly increased T cell count in the liver and spleen of infected mice. IL-4 secreting Th2 cells were significantly decreased in the infected PD-1-deficient mice whereas IFN-γ secreting CD4+and CD8+T cells were markedly increased. Surprisingly, such beneficial changes of T cell response did not result in eradication of parasites or in lowering the pathogen burden. In further experiments, we found that loss of PD-1 resulted in both beneficial T cell responses and amplification of regulatory T cells that prevented PD-1-deficient T cells from unleashing anti-parasite activity. Moreover, such PD-1-deficient Tregs exert excessive immunosuppression and express larger amounts of adenosine receptors CD39 and CD73 that are crucial for Treg-mediated immunosuppression. Our experimental results have elucidated the function of PD-1 in schistosomiasis and provide novel insights into prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis on the basis of modulating host adaptive immunity.
Effectiveness of Foundation Course on Skills Training (BLS, BMW & Hand washing) among First-Year MBBS Students
Authors: Basanti Kumari Pathi  , Kumudini Panigrahi  , Alpana Mishra  , Nirmala Poddar
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The foundation course (FC) will provide a sound foundation for understanding the MBBS course. The fresh undergraduate (UG) should be aware of some basic safety principles like basic life support (BLS), biomedical waste management (BMW) & hand hygiene (HH). We wanted to access the student's knowledge about BLS, BMW and HH skills after four months of FC and their perception of the skills module of FC.

METHODS

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, KIMS, Bhubaneswar. After four months of completing the FC, the individual student was assessed for the knowledge domain of BLS, BMW & HH by multiple-choice questions and feedback from students was taken.

RESULTS

Out of 150, 99 (66 %) students responded to MCQs of BLS, BMW & HH and 120 (80 %) students gave feedback to the FC. A consensus measure expressed in percentage was obtained for each item. Most of the students acquired 60-70 % of the marks. The mean, median & mode of BLS, BMW & HH were 7.23, 7 & 7; 7.94, 8 & 8; 6, 6 & 7. 75 % of students said that skill training during FC was helpful for better patient care.

CONCLUSIONS

BLS, BMW & HH are the essential skills; students should have a basic idea about these skills, which help them in clinical posting after years. Accounting for the feedback of students regarding the FC can be modified.
The Reality of Imaginary Numbers
Authors: Pelletier‎ Keith J.
Published: June 2022

As we know, imaginary numbers are square roots of a negative numbers. In this paper, imaginary numbers will be further defined.‎ Every number has a sign to it. A number can either be a positive or a negative, however zero is ‎neither positive nor negative. The number zero is what can be referred to as a neutral number since it does not have any plus or minus signs. In reality, the ‎sign of zero is neutral which is both positive and negative at the same time . The square root of a positive one is both a positive and a negative one . In this paper a new view and discussion has been done for different mathematical operators such as addition, subtraction, ‎multiplication and ‎division and some more idea which has never been considered earlier, called Pelletier Postulate.
Naqd al-Qirāʾāt ʿinda al-Mufassirin: Dirāsat Muqāranat linaqd al-Ṭabari wa al-Ṭūsi liriwāyati Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim
Authors: Jalil Abdul
Published: June 2022

This article attempts to highlight the critical position towards Ḥafṣ’ riwāya held by the Sunni exegete Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari (d. 310/923) and the Shi’ite Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi (d. 460/1067), both of which had occupied special status in their respective communities. This article focuses on the verses which have variant readings. It compares the ways in which the two exegetes, in their books Jāmi’ al-Bayān fī Ta’wīl Āy al-Qur’ān and al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān, present and criticize the variant readings of which Ḥafṣ is infirād (isolated) in that no other imam (the transmitter for the riwāya) would read that part of the Quran the same way as Ḥafṣ did. Al-Ṭabari seems to be more clear and courageous in criticizing Ḥafṣ’ riwāya, compared to al-Ṭūsī. In several cases the former did not consider the riwāya reliable on the basis of the violation of the ijma’ (consensus) of ulama or it being unfamiliar to him (by expressing lā qāri’ qara’ kaẓālik, “no one reads it that way”). On the other hand, al-Ṭūsī contented with exploring linguistic and syntax reasons for upholding the riwaya. In no case would he question the authority of al-qirā’āt al-sab’a (the seven variant readings of the Quran). This might be due to their status as being pre-Ibn-Mujāhid (al-Ṭabarī) and post- (al-Ṭūsī). However, the two exegetes did not base their tafsir on merely one but rather on a number of qirā’at. Thus this paper suggests that Ḥafṣ’ riwāya, particularly among exegetes, was not considered the highest in rank and most prolific as it is now.
Tarekat Syadziliyah dalam Dimensi Kesalehan Individual dan Kesalehan Sosial serta Pengaruh Modernisasi dan Globalisasi
Authors: Islamiyati Rosi
Published: June 2022

This study aims to unveil the veil of human existence which is influenced by the currents of modernization and globalization, and its role with God's servants (spiritual beings). The research link in modern humans is an unbalanced self condition. Because modern humans are like machines that are constantly driven by conditions or circumstances. In the study of Sufism, at least this paper tries to answer academic anxiety about the main teachings of the Syadziliyah Order and how to maintain the outer and inner dimensions of modern humans from the influence of modernization and globalization. This research model is based on qualitative with library research data collection methods. While the data processing method uses descriptive-analysis. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Tarekat Syadziliyah provides an alternative balance between the worldly and spiritual dimensions, as well as social and individual piety by, first, not recommending to its students to leave the world profession. Second, do not neglect in carrying out Islamic law. Third, zuhud does not mean staying away from and hostile to the world because basically zuhud is a matter of emptying oneself from other than Allah. Fourth, there is no prohibition for the salik to become a millionaire. Fifth, trying to respond to what is currently threatening people's lives, trying to bridge the spiritual drought with world affairs that plague people's lives. Sixth, Sufism is an exercise of the soul in the context of worship and placing oneself in accordance with His provisions. Seventh, as one of the goals of tarekat and Sufism experts, two ways can be obtained, namely: Mawahib or 'ain al-jud, namely the gift that God gives to the servant he wants. Furthermore, makasib or badzi al-majhud, namely ma'rifah, will be obtained when accompanied by hard work through riyadhah, mujahadah, al-dhikr, muladzamah wuhdu, fasting, sunnah prayers.
Maltrato en el noviazgo y estilos de amor en alumnos de secundaria, bachillerato y licenciatura
Authors: Robles Ojeda Francisco Javier , Galicia Moyeda Iris Xóchitl , Núñez Luquin Erika Wendy , Sánchez Velasco Alejandra
Published: June 2022

Algunos estudios señalan la relevancia de investigar acerca del maltrato en las relaciones amorosas durante la adolescencia, lo cual solo ha empezado a investigarse de manera reciente, a comparación del maltrato en el matrimonio. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar como se presenta el maltrato en la pareja y los estilos de amor en estudiantes de tres niveles de escolaridad que corresponden a distintas etapas de la adolescencia y juventud temprana. Se trabajó con una muestra de 291 estudiantes, de los cuales 107 eran estudiantes de secundaria, 60 de bachillerato y 123 de licenciatura, a quienes se les aplicó la Escala de Actitudes Amorosas (EAA) (Hendrick & Hendrick, 1986) y el Cuestionario de Maltrato en el Noviazgo (Orozco, 2014). Los resultados muestran bajos niveles de maltrato en el noviazgo, los cuales tienden a incrementarse en el bachillerato, así como un predominio de los estilos de amor Ágape, Eros y Storge en los tres niveles educativos investigados. Asimismo, resalta que, de manera general, la presencia de los estilos de amor Manía, Ágape y Ludus facilitan la presencia de maltrato en las relaciones amorosas en los adolescentes de los niveles escolares del presente estudio.
Revisión de la validez del BIS-15S para la Medición de la Impulsividad en Estudiantes Universitarios
Authors: Martinez Munguia Carlos Eduardo , Marin Londoño Maria Camila , Parrado Corredor Felipe Ernesto
Published: June 2022

En el 2010 se reportó la primera validación del Cuestionario de Barrat para la medición de la impulsividad de Barrat BIS15-Spara población colombiana, comparando los resultados de la escala de muestras clínicas y no clínicas. El uso de esta escala se ha extendido aunque no se han realizado más estudios sobre su validez. El presente estudio reexamina la validez de esta escala para la medición de la impulsividad en una muestra colombiana de tipo no-clínico. Se aplicó el instrumento a una muestra de 255 estudiantes de pregrado en Psicología. Se calculó la confiabilidad de la prueba con alfa de Cronbach; se realizó una correlación de Pearson de los resultados con los puntajes de los mismos participantes en la escala de autocontrol del 16PF5 para evaluar la validez de criterio. Además se evaluó la validez de constructo en dos análisis factoriales, uno exploratorio y otro confirmatorio sobre el supuesto de 3 factores(Motor, No planeada y Atención) reportados en la literatura previa. Se encontró una buena confiabilidad del instrumento en la muestra estudiada, además de una correlación negativa significativa (r=-,284, p<.001) de los tres factores y el puntaje total con la puntuación en autocontrol medida con el 16PF5. Los índices de ajuste del modelo factorial confirmatorio no soportan la validez de constructo del cuestionario. La estructura de tres factores no es adecuada para realizar inferencias sobre el comportamiento en participantes sin alteraciones clínicas. Se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones en el uso de la prueba.
Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Flour Supplementation on Total Antioxidant Content of Sprague Dawley Rat Serum Given High-Fat Diet
Authors: Jami Sherlin Regina , Fatimah-Muis Siti , Syauqy Ahmad , Tjahjono Kusmiyati , Anjani Gemala
Published: June 2022

Background: Moringa oleifera leaf is high in quercetin which can be a source of exogenous antioxidants. Together with endogenous antioxidants, both the antioxidants will be able to counteract oxidative stress conditions.Objectives: To analyze the effect of Moringa leaves flour supplementation on Total Antioxidants Content (TAC) of Sprague Dawley (SD) rat serum given a high-fat diet (HFD). Materials and Methods: A randomized control group post-test design was used on 24 SD rats which were divided into 4 groups, namely healthy control (K1), HFD (K2), supplementation with Moringa leaf flour at a dose of 100 mg/100 g BW/day (K3), and a dose of 200 mg/100 g BW/day (K4). After 28 days of supplementation, serum TAC was analyzed using the ELISA method. Data analysis used Paired-T Test, One Way ANOVA, and Post-Hoc Bonferroni follow-up test.Results: The results showed that the TAC of groups K1, K2, K3, and K4 respectively were 4.806 ± 0.239, 1.323 ± 0.292, 4.020 ± 0.239, and 5.123 ± 0.695. There was a significant difference in serum TAC (p=0.000) between supplementation groups. Significant differences in serum TAC were also found in the supplementation group compared to the HFD control group.Conclusion: Moringa leaves flour supplementation for 28 days at a dose of 200 mg/100 g BW/day increases serum total antioxidant content higher than at a dose of 100 mg/100 g BW/day.
Improvement of Students and Snack Vendors Behavior After Received Health Promotion Program from UKS’s Cadres
Authors: Pasaribu Rina Doriana , Marthony Oslida , Supriyantini Sri , Iswarawanti Dwi Nastiti
Published: June 2022

Background: School Health Program or UKS aims to improve  students learning achievement by improving their health status including the fulfillment of nutrition so that they can grow and develop optimally. The nutritional problems of school-age children in Indonesia, according to Riskesdas 2018 data, are children with the short/stunting category reaching 30.7%, while those who are obese are 8% and anemic 26%. Nutritional problems in school children will affect the quality of human resources in the future. Objectives: This study examined the effect of promoting healthy and safe snacks by UKS’s cadres on increasing knowledge, attitudes, behavior of students and snack sellers.Materials and Methods: The first stage of research was training elementary school students UKS’s cadres who will become educators on promoting healthy and safe food consumption behavior. The second stage was assessed to 360 randomly selected students and 94 school vendors in 12 different schools. The intervention schools received a package of promotions delivered by UKS’s cadres while the comparison group received the poster. Data on knowledge, attitudes, behavior of students and food sellers were collected using a questionnaire instrument. The data were collected by the researchers assisted by 12 enumerators, 6 research field assistants and 12 teachers in charge of the research field. Bivariate analysis using t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann Whitney test were used to assess the differences between the groups. Results: After intervention by UKS.s cadres, there was a change in students' knowledge of 51.1% for knowledge of healthy snacks, 52.8% about safe snacks, 82.8% about formalin, 62.8% about borax, and 75.6% about Rhodamine B. Changes in the behavior of snack sellers, the highest percentage of changes in holding food with tools is 62.5% and not holding food after holding money is 54.2%. Increased change were significantly higher in the intervention groups than the comparison group (p <0.05).Conclusion: The UKS’s cadres as trained peer-educators could significantly improve safe and healthy food behavior of students as well as knowledge of snack school vendors. UKS’s cadres as promoters of healthy and safe snacks can be used as a mandatory UKS program in school to achieve food safety for school children
The Evaluation Study of Nutritional Knowledge from Sports Practitioners in The Quadrennial National Sports Competition 2021
Authors: Ali Mohammad Arif , Anggita Gustiana Mega , Junaidi Said , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Mukarromah Siti Baitul , Kurniawati Dewi Marfu'ah , Noer Etika Ratna , Amali Zainudin , Kusuma Donny Wira Yudha , Santillana Leo Nacion , Wicaksono Anggit , Candra Adiska Rani Ditya
Published: June 2022

Background: Nutritional program is another influencing factor of athletic performance after the physical training program, and psychological training program. However, Indonesian sports practitioners somehow still neglect the important role of sports nutrition to achieve the best athletic performance.Objectives: To examine the level of basic nutritional and sports nutritional knowledge among the sport’s practitioners who participated in the quadrennial national sports competition 2021.Materials and Methods: This evaluation study has conducted with a descriptive quantitative approach. Thirty-eight sports practitioners (24 males and 14 females), were represented from five provinces such as Central Java, Western Java, Eastern Java, Southern Sumatera, and Bali. Their status during the sports events are athletes, referees, officials, coaches, and judges. The incidental technique sampling was used to attract the respondents. Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaires (NKQ) developed by Rosi et al, was used in this study. Data was analyzed with the frequencies distribution technique, and displayed using the percentage.Results: More than half of the total respondents (81%) have good, very good, and excellent knowledge in general nutrition (21%, 34%, 26%) respectively. Similarly, it is also happened in the evaluation of their knowledge for basic nutrition good (5%), very good (29%), excellent (40%), as well as in their knowledge levels for sports nutrition, good 18% and excellent 53%. However, based on the evaluation of their sports nutritional knowledge, we found that there are 8% (n=3) of the respondent were failed as the score <50 points.Conclusion: Overall, the nutritional knowledge for general, basic and sports in sports practitioners evaluated good. However, the sports nutritional knowledge is not well understood evenly by them. At last, this study can be used as a reference to make a better decision on how sports nutrition must be promoted to maximize the athletic performance.
Spectra of Weighted Composition Operators with Quadratic Symbols
Authors: Doctor Jessica , Hodges Timothy , Kaschner Scott , McFarland Alexander , Thompson Derek
Published: June 2022

Previously, spectra of certain weighted composition operators W ѱ, φ
on H
2 were determined under one of two hypotheses: either φ converges under iteration to the Denjoy-Wolff point uniformly on all of 𝔻 rather than simply on compact subsets, or φ is “essentially linear fractional.” We show that if φ is a quadratic self-map of 𝔻 of parabolic type, then the spectrum of Wѱ, φ
can be found when these maps exhibit both of the aforementioned properties, and we determine which symbols do so.
Normality and Quasinormality of Specific Bounded Product of Densely Defined Composition Operators inL2Spaces
Authors: Zhou Hang
Published: June 2022

Let (X, 𝒜,μ) be a σ−finite measure space. A transformationϕ:X→Xis non-singular ifμ∘ϕ−1is absolutely continuous with respect withμ. For this non-singular transformation, the composition operatorCϕ: 𝒟(Cϕ) →L2(μ) is defined byCϕf=f∘ϕ,f∈ 𝒟(Cϕ).

For a fixed positive integern≥ 2, basic properties of productCϕn· · ·Cϕ1inL2(μ) are presented in Section 2, including the boundedness and adjoint. Under the assistance of these properties, normality and quasinormality of specific boundedCϕn· · ·Cϕ1inL2(μ) are characterized in Section 3 and 4 respectively, whereCϕ1,Cϕ2, · · ·,Cϕnare all densely defined.
An overview of anti-corrosion properties of ionic liquids for corrosion of carbon steel in acidic media
Authors: Shetty S. Kshama , Upadhya H. Sadhana
Published: June 2022

The review article summarizes various ionic liquids (ILs) used as corrosion inhibitors reported in the literature during the preceding five years (2016–2020) for corrosion of carbon steel in acidic solutions. The ILs are a green and sustainable choice for corrosion inhibition as compared to natural extracts as corrosion inhibitors due to lack of stability which restricts their application at the industrial level. The review discusses the inhibition efficiency of the ILs as corrosion inhibitors; the evaluation techniques like weight-loss method, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, etc., used for determination of inhibition efficiency and plausible mechanism of inhibition, adsorption isotherms are discussed. The review affirms that ionic liquids serve as excellent green corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel dissolution in acidic media. Most of the reported inhibition efficiency values ranged between 80 to 90% at minute concentrations which is valuable. The scope for further improvements is given for the benefit of readers.
Phase-change perovskite metasurfaces for dynamic color tuning
Authors: Tian Jingyi , Cortecchia Daniele , Wang Yutao , Liu Hailong , Feltri Elena , Liu Hong , Adamo Giorgio , Soci Cesare
Published: June 2022

Halide perovskite metasurfaces are attracting increasing interest for applications in light-emitting and display technologies. To access the wide range of colors required for these applications, the main mechanism exploited thus far has been chemical engineering of the perovskite compounds – this constitutes a significant limitation for the dynamic switching of optical response desirable in actual devices. Here we demonstrate polarization-dependent, dynamic control of structural color and emission wavelength in an all-dielectric phase-change halide perovskite nanograting metasurface, by temperature tuning. This is underpinned by the significant change in the perovskite optical constants which accompanies its phase-transition around room temperature. The functionalities demonstrated in our work bearing potential for applications in light-emitting devices, displays and spatial-light-modulators.
Feeling Capable in an Ubuntu Way: Kenyan Comprehensions of Control Beliefs Compared with the German Perspective
Authors: Heinecke-Müller Michaela , Quaiser-Pohl Claudia , Kariuki Priscilla W. , Arasa Josephine N.
Published: June 2022

In Western personnel psychology, control beliefs are a valued predictor for work-related outcomes. Yet, little is known about the culture-specific functioning of control in East Africa. Kenya, as an Ubuntu culture, is examined regarding control beliefs and contrasted with a German sample considered to represent an individualistic or Western culture. Responses to N=143 quantitative personality tests were attended with qualitative interviews on control beliefs (self-concept of ability, internality, powerful others, and chance). Content validity and factor structure of control beliefs were analyzed, followed by a Procrustean target rotation. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictability of job performance, achievement motivation, and well-being. Item comprehension, as well as factor structure of the four control aspects, differ between the two samples. In particular, the ‘powerful others’ control aspect diverges the most between the cultures. Linear regression analyses showed comparable, but not fully congruent predictability. Results indicate that an uncritical transfer of the control beliefs measure from one culture to another is inappropriate. Results fit in the picture of African Ubuntu philosophy, emphasizing social-relational aspects shaping control beliefs. More emic-etic based research is demanded concerning intra- and intercultural variability of control beliefs to depict a transcultural applicable and invariant model.