bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Board‐Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists in child and adolescent psychiatry
Authors: Stutzman Danielle L. , Leiby Lauren E. , Temelie Andreea , Maroney Megan , Williams Andrew M. , Parmentier Brittany L. , Payne Gregory H.
Published: September 2023

In the context of ongoing workforce shortages, rising symptom severity, and increased rates of psychotropic prescribing, the 2021 declaration of a national emergency in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) has highlighted the need for innovative strategies to address access to quality care. As valued members of the interdisciplinary team, Board‐Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists (BCPPs) in CAP are well‐positioned to address these needs as they are integrated across various settings (e.g., ambulatory clinics, and psychiatric hospitals) and have expertise in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. As educators and advocates for evidence‐based psychotropic medication management, BCPPs in CAP decrease polypharmacy, increase medication adherence and knowledge, and enhance patient outcomes. Given the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among BCPPs, CAP, and primary care providers, it is crucial for pharmacy administrators to respond and recognize the necessity of integrating pharmacy services into CAP and integrating BCPPs into pharmacy departments.
Recent changes in the nature of the distribution dynamics of the US county incomes
Authors: Park Seonyoung , Shin Donggyun
Published: September 2023

We study the evolution of the cross‐sectional distributions of county‐level per capita income in the United States from 1970 to 2017. We confirm previous findings of convergence in pre‐transfer income during the 1970s and 1980s but present new evidence of rising inequality since the early 1990s, which is characterized by bipolarization. Cross‐county differences in education and industry composition explain much of this recent trend, which almost disappears in post‐transfer incomes. Among the various government transfer programs, medical benefits play the greatest role in making the distribution less unequal.
Protective effect of vitamin B6 against doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by modulating NHE1 expression
Authors: Sun Rui‐li , Wang Huan‐huan , Gui Zi‐chen , Shuang‐guo  , Lin Lai‐biao , Fan Jia‐xin , Xue‐Zhang  , Mao Bin‐yan , Liu Geng , Liu Wei‐Zhen , Yue Rui‐Zhu , Yin Ya‐ling , Wang Qian‐qian , Li Peng
Published: September 2023

Doxorubicin (DOX) has been used to treat various types of cancer, but its application is limited due to its heart toxicity as well as other drawbacks. Chronic inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) reduces heart failure and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); vitamin B6 (VitB6) has been demonstrated to have a crucial role in antioxidant mechanism. So, this study was designed to explore the effect of VitB6 supplement on the DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity and to imply whether NHE1 is involved. Ultrasonic cardiogram analysis revealed that VitB6 supplement could alleviate DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity; hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's staining further confirmed this effect. Furthermore, VitB6 supplement exhibited significant antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis effect, which was evidenced by decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) content, and decreased Bcl‐2‐associated X protein/B‐cell lymphoma‐2 ratio, respectively. Collectively, VitB6 supplement may exert antioxidative and antiapoptosis effects to improve cardiac function by decreasing NHE1 expression and improve DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Tolterodine ameliorates inflammatory response and ferroptosis against LPS in human bladder epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Xiangyang , Ji Tongyu , Jiang Zhaoqiang , Wang Jianan , Su Xiang , Shan Lei
Published: September 2023

Bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory response and ferroptosis play an important role in urinary tract infections. Tolterodine has been used as a urinary tract antispasmodic and anticholinergic agent. However, the effects of Tolterodine against LPS‐induced insults in human bladder epithelial cells (hBECs) have not been reported before. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase release assays to determine the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde level detection were used to determine the level of oxidative stress, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis were used to detect the protein level. In the current study, we found that Tolterodine ameliorated LPS‐induced production of ROS and lipid oxidation in hBECs. Interestingly, Tolterodine inhibited the production of interleukin 6, interleukin‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor α. Also, Tolterodine reduced the levels of Fe2+ and suppressed ferroptosis by reducing the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4, prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2, and acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 in LPS‐challenged bladder epithelial cells. Mechanistically, it was shown that Tolterodine restored the nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/nuclear factor‐κB signaling. Importantly, inhibition of Nrf2 with its specific inhibitor ML385 abolished the protective effects of Tolterodine in the inflammatory response and ferroptosis, suggesting that the effects of Tolterodine are mediated by Nrf2. Based on these findings, we conclude that Tolterodine might serve as a promising agent for the treatment of LPS‐induced bladder inflammation.
Knockdown of PRMT1 suppresses the malignant biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells and increases cisplatin sensitivity via c‐Myc‐mediated BCAT1 downregulation
Authors: Li Zhifu , Meng Dongdong , Liu Yongyi , Bi Fanggang , Tian Ke , Xu Jianzhong , Sun Jianguang , Gu Chexi , Li Yu
Published: September 2023

Increasing evidence indicated that protein arginine methyltransferase‐1 (PRMT1) is an oncogene in multiple malignant tumors, including osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of PRMT1 in OS. The effects of PRMT1 or BCAT1, branched‐chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) on OS cell proliferation, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis in vitro were examined. Moreover, molecular control of PRMT1 on c‐Myc or transactivation of BCAT1 on c‐Myc was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays. The effects of PRMT1 in vivo were examined with a xenograft tumor model. The results showed that PRMT1 was potently upregulated in OS tissues and cells. Upregulation of PRMT1 markedly increased OS cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and reduced cell apoptosis, whereas PRMT1 silencing showed the opposite effects. Cisplatin, one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs, improved cell survival rate by inducing the expression of PRMT1 to downregulate the cisplatin sensitivity. Meanwhile, the cisplatin‐induced upregulation of PRMT1 expression caused dramatically autophagy induction and autophagy‐mediated apoptosis by inactivating the mTOR signaling pathway, which could be reversed by 3‐methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, or PRMT1 silencing. PRMT1 could activate c‐Myc transcription and increase c‐Myc‐mediated expression of BCAT1. Furthermore, BCAT1 overexpression counteracted the effects of PRMT1 knockdown on cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Of note, deficiency of PRMT1 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. PRMT1 facilitated the proliferation and invasion of OS cells, inhibited cell apoptosis, and decreased chemotherapy sensitivity through c‐Myc/BCAT1 axis, which may become potential target in treating OS.
Brain injury mobile diagnostic system: Applications in civilian medical service and on the battlefield—General concept and medical aspects
Authors: Kaźmierski Radosław
Published: September 2023

To present the concept of a portable ultrasound tomography device for diagnosing traumatic and vascular brain lesions. The device consisting of multiple transcranial ultrasound probes placed on the surface of the head, specifically but not exclusively in natural acoustic windows. An integral part of the mobile diagnostic system (MDS) is a decision support system based on artificial intelligence algorithms utilizing information from: head images, laboratory data, and assessment of the patient's clinical condition. The MDS can significantly reduce the time from stroke onset to rtPA therapy in civilian medical services and support therapeutic and evacuation strategies in instances of brain and skull trauma on the battlefield.
The challenge of understanding and predicting phenotypic diversity in urea cycle disorders
Authors: Posset Roland , Zielonka Matthias , Gleich Florian , Garbade Sven F. , Hoffmann Georg F. , Kölker Stefan ,   for the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC) and European registry and network for Intoxication type Metabolic Diseases (E‐IMD) Consortia Study Group
Published: September 2023

The Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC) and the European registry and network for Intoxication type Metabolic Diseases (E‐IMD) are the worldwide largest databases for individuals with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) comprising longitudinal data from more than 1100 individuals with an overall long‐term follow‐up of approximately 25 years. However, heterogeneity of the clinical phenotype as well as different diagnostic and therapeutic strategies hamper our understanding on the predictors of phenotypic diversity and the impact of disease‐immanent and interventional variables (e.g., diagnostic and therapeutic interventions) on the long‐term outcome. A new strategy using combined and comparative data analyses helped overcome this challenge. This review presents the mechanisms and relevant principles that are necessary for the identification of meaningful clinical associations by combining data from different data sources, and serves as a blueprint for future analyses of rare disease registries.
MR Neurography and Quantitative Muscle MRI of Parsonage Turner Syndrome Involving the Long Thoracic Nerve
Authors: Morena Jonathan , Tan Ek T. , Campbell Gracyn J. , Bhatti Pravjit , Li Qian , Geannette Christian S. , Lin Yenpo , Milani Carlo J. , Sneag Darryl B.
Published: September 2023

Background

Parsonage‐Turner syndrome (PTS) is characterized by severe, acute upper extremity pain and subsequent paresis and most commonly involves the long thoracic nerve (LTN). While MR neurography (MRN) can detect LTN hourglass‐like constrictions (HGCs), quantitative muscle MRI (qMRI) can quantify serratus anterior muscle (SAM) neurogenic changes.

Purpose/Hypothesis

1) To characterize qMRI findings in LTN‐involved PTS. 2) To investigate associations between qMRI and clinical assessments of HGCs/electromyography (EMG).

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

30 PTS subjects (25 M/5 F, mean/range age = 39/15–67 years) with LTN involvement who underwent bilateral chest wall qMRI and unilateral brachial plexus MRN.

Field Strength/Sequences

3.0 Tesla/multiecho spin‐echo T2‐mapping, diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar‐imaging, multiecho gradient echo.

Assessment

qMRI was performed to obtain T2, muscle diameter fat fraction (FF), and cross‐sectional area of the SAM. Clinical reports of MRN and EMG were obtained; from MRN, the number of HGCs; from EMG, SAM measurements of motor unit recruitment levels, fibrillations, and positive sharp waves. qMRI/MRN were performed within 90 days of EMG. EMG was performed on average 185 days from symptom onset (all ≥2 weeks from symptom onset) and 5 days preceding MRI.

Statistical Tests

Paired t‐tests were used to compare qMRI measures in the affected SAM versus the contralateral, unaffected side (P < 0.05 deemed statistically significant). Kendall's tau was used to determine associations between qMRI against HGCs and EMG.

Results

Relative to the unaffected SAM, the affected SAM had increased T2 (50.42 ± 6.62 vs. 39.09 ± 4.23 msec) and FF (8.45 ± 9.69 vs. 4.03% ± 1.97%), and decreased muscle diameter (74.26 ± 21.54 vs. 88.73 ± 17.61 μm) and cross‐sectional area (9.21 ± 3.75 vs. 16.77 ± 6.40 mm2). There were weak to negligible associations (tau = −0.229 to <0.001, P = 0.054–1.00) between individual qMRI biomarkers and clinical assessments of HGCs and EMG.

Data Conclusion

qMRI changes in the SAM were observed in subjects with PTS involving the LTN.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Effects of T1p Characteristics of Load‐Bearing Hip Cartilage on Bilateral Knee Patellar Cartilage Subregions: Subjects With None to Moderate Radiographic Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rupsa , Thahakoya Rafeek , Luitjens Johanna , Han Misung , Roach Koren E. , Jiang Fei , Souza Richard B. , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila
Published: September 2023

Background

The polyarticular nature of Osteoarthritis (OA) tends to manifest in multi‐joints. Associations between cartilage health in connected joints can help identify early degeneration and offer the potential for biomechanical intervention. Such associations between hip and knee cartilages remain understudied.

Purpose

To investigate T1p associations between hip‐femoral and acetabular‐cartilage subregions with Intra‐limb and Inter‐limb patellar cartilage; whole and deep‐medial (DM), deep‐lateral (DL), superficial‐medial (SM), superficial‐lateral (SL) subregions.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Twenty‐eight subjects (age 55.1 ± 12.8 years, 15 females) with none‐to‐moderate hip‐OA while no radiographic knee‐OA.

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, bilateral hip, and knee: 3D‐proton‐density‐fat‐saturated (PDFS) Cube and Magnetization‐Prepared‐Angle‐Modulated‐Partitioned‐k‐Space‐Spoiled‐Gradient‐Echo‐Snapshots (MAPSS).

Assessment

Ages of subjects were categorized into Group‐1 (≤40), Group‐2 (41–50), Group‐3 (51–60), Group‐4 (61–70), Group‐5 (71–80), and Group‐6 (≥81). Hip T1p maps, co‐registered to Cube, underwent an atlas‐based algorithm to quantify femoral and acetabular subregional (R2–R7) cartilage T1p. For knee Cube, a combination of V‐Net architectures was used to segment the patellar cartilage and subregions (DM, DL, SM, SL). T1p values were computed from co‐registered MAPSS.

Statistical Tests

For Intra‐and‐Inter‐limb, 5 optimum predictors out of 13 (Hip subregional T1p, age group, gender) were selected by univariate linear‐regression, to predict outcome (patellar T1p). The top five predictors were stepwise added to six linear mixed‐effect (LME) models. In all LME models, we assume the data come from the same subject sharing the same random effect. The best‐performing models (LME‐modelbest) selected via ANOVA, were tested with DM, SM, SL, and DL subregional‐mean T1p. LME assumptions were verified (normality of residuals, random‐effects, and posterior‐predictive‐checks).

Results

LME‐modelbest (Intra‐limb) had significant negative and positive fixed‐effects of femoral‐R5 and acetabular‐R2 T1p, respectively (conditional‐R2 = 0.581). LME‐modelbest (Inter‐limb) had significant positive fixed‐effects of femoral‐R3 T1p (conditional‐R2 = 0.26).

Data Conclusion

Significant positive and negative T1p associations were identified between load‐bearing hip cartilage‐subregions vs. ipsilateral and contralateral patellar cartilages respectively. The effects were localized on medial subregions of Inter‐limb, in particular.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Intra‐ and interlaboratory reproducibility of the RIATOL qPCR HPV genotyping assay
Authors: Dhillon Sharonjit K. , Chung Pui Yan Jenny , Padalko Elizaveta , Praet Marleen , Pereira Ana Rita , Redzic Nina , Vanden Broeck Davy , Arbyn Marc
Published: September 2023

The implementation of cervical screening based on human papillomavirus (HPV) continues to progress rapidly across countries. Evidence has shown that assays detecting high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are more effective than cytology‐based screening. Validation of new hrHPV DNA assays requires both noninferior clinical accuracy compared to a standard comparator for cervical precancer and good reproducibility. This study builds upon previous diagnostic accuracy assessments of the RIATOL HPV genotyping qPCR assay and aims to evaluate the international validation criteria for reproducibility. The intra‐ and interreproducibility of the RIATOL‐qPCR assay were assessed using 550 remnant cervical cell material from the cytology archive of the National Reference Center for HPV in Belgium. Specimens were collected in the context of cervical cancer screening and tested in two different laboratories. The international reproducibility criteria include the lower bound of 95% confidence interval of the intra‐ and interlaboratory agreement regarding the detection of hrHPV DNA exceeding 87% with kappa ≥0.50. The RIATOL‐qPCR assay demonstrated excellent intralaboratory reproducibility, achieving an overall agreement of 98.2 (95% CI 96.6–99.1%) and a kappa of 0.96. Interlaboratory testing showed an overall agreement of 98.5 (95% CI 97.1–99.4%) with a kappa of 0.97. The RIATOL‐qPCR assay fulfills the third criterion for HPV test reproducibility requirement for use in cervical cancer screening.
A natural variation in the RNA polymerase of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus enhances viral replication and in vivo virulence
Authors: Jeon Kyeongseok , Ro Hyo‐Jin , Kang Jun‐Gu , Jeong Da‐Eun , Kim Joowan , Lee Yebeen , Yoon Ga‐Yeon , Kang Ju‐Il , Bae Joon‐Yong , Kim Jin Il , Park Man‐Seong , Lee Keun Hwa , Cho Hyun‐Soo , Kim Yuri , Cho Nam‐Hyuk
Published: September 2023

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick‐borne disease with high mortality in Eastern Asia. The disease is caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), also known as Dabie bandavirus, which has a segmented RNA genome consisting of L, M, and S segments. Previous studies have suggested differential viral virulence depending on the genotypes of SFTSV; however, the critical viral factor involved in the differential viral virulence is unknown. Here, we found a significant difference in viral replication in vitro and virulence in vivo between two Korean isolates belonging to the F and B genotypes, respectively. By generating viral reassortants using the two viral strains, we demonstrated that the L segment, which encodes viral RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is responsible for the enhanced viral replication and virulence. Comparison of amino acid sequences and viral replication rates revealed a point variation, E251K, on the surface of RdRp to be the most significant determinant for the enhanced viral replication rate and in vivo virulence. The effect of the variation was further confirmed using recombinant SFTSV generated by reverse genetic engineering. Therefore, our results indicate that natural variations affecting the viral replicase activity could significantly contribute to the viral virulence of SFTSV.
Testing the latent structure of ICD‐11 prolonged grief disorder symptoms in the U.K. adult population: An exploratory structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Shevlin Mark , Redican Enya , Murphy Jamie , Hyland Philip , Karatzias Thanos
Published: September 2023

The latent structure of ICD‐11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD), as measured using the International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS), was assessed in a large general population sample of bereaved adults from the United Kingdom. Data were derived from Wave 5 of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (C19PRC‐UK). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used to assess the latent structure of the IPGDS. Identified factors were explored in relation to known correlates (i.e., gender, age of the bereaved, income, bereavement timeframe, age of the deceased) and functional impairment. Three factors—Loss, Emotional Numbing, and Emotional Reactivity—emerged in the best‐fitting ESEM model, χ2(92, N = 1,763) = 273.70, p < .001, CFI = .97, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .048, SRMR = .020. All factors were significantly associated with bereavement timeframe, βs = ‐.15–‐.20, and age of the deceased, βs = ‐.22–‐.31. Lower income predicted both Loss and Emotional Numbing; younger age of the bereaved predicted both Loss and Emotional Reactivity; and female gender was a unique predictor of Loss. Functional impairment was associated only with Emotional Numbing, β = .89. The findings highlight the multidimensional structure of PGD. However, the patterns of factor/cross‐factor loadings observed in the present study indicate that a “simple” structure was not attainable. Associations between factors and covariates attest to the discriminant validity of the factors, and the association between Emotional Numbing and functional impairment may afford clinicians an opportunity to better understand and target the most disruptive features of grief.
Disease‐ and treatment‐related expectations, attitudes, and beliefs among adult patients initiating or switching biological therapies for psoriasis
Authors: Clemmesen Maria , Jørgensen Astrid‐Helene Ravn , Nielsen Valdemar Wendelboe , Holgersen Nikolaj , Nissen Christoffer Valdemar , Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan , Egeberg Alexander , Thomsen Simon Francis
Published: September 2023

Background

The treatment expectations of patients with psoriasis are essential for clinical outcomes.

Objectives

To examine disease‐ and treatment related intra‐ and interpersonal factors and their relation to treatment expectations among patients with psoriasis who initiate or switch biological therapy.

Methods

Consecutive adult patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who initiated or switched biological therapy completed a questionnaire regarding their disease‐ and treatment‐related expectations. Additionally, they filled out Patients' Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (PABS), Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was scored before and 3 months after treatment initiation.

Results

A total of 65 patients participated; 28% expected <90% clearance of psoriasis following treatment, whereas 72% expected 90%–100% clearance. No differences were found between bionaïve and non‐naïve patients. Mutually adjusted analysis showed that female gender (p = 0.026), higher PASI score (p = 0.004) and lower TPS score (p = 0.006) were associated with high overall expectations towards biological therapy. PABS scores were not significantly associated with high expectations. The proportion of patients having low expectations was greatest when asked about work/education, partner interaction and socializing. Additionally, high expectations towards these subjects were associated with higher DLQI (p = 0.047, p = 0.014 and p = 0.056, respectively). Patients with high overall expectations towards biological therapy had a significantly greater reduction in absolute PASI score following treatment (4.7 vs. 2.75), p = 0.048.

Conclusions

Techniques aimed at maximizing patients' expectation‐effect (placebo response) should be implemented in daily clinical practice. Knowledge about gender, disease severity, impact on life quality and patients' trust in physician should be taken into consideration.
Seasonal drivers of dissolved oxygen across a tidal creek–marsh interface revealed by machine learning
Authors: Regier Peter J. , Ward Nicholas D. , Myers‐Pigg Allison N. , Grate Jay , Freeman Michael J. , Ghosh Ruby N.
Published: September 2023

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key biogeochemical control in coastal systems, and its concentration and drivers vary markedly through time and space. This makes it difficult to accurately represent coastal DO and associated biogeochemical processes in models, limiting our ability to predict how these systems will respond to global change. We obtained high‐frequency (5‐min) in situ measurements of DO collected at three locations across the interface of a tidal creek and coastal marsh in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Random Forest machine learning models quantified the importance of three categories of environmental drivers (Aquatic, Climatic, and Terrestrial) of DO variability across the creek–marsh interface. We selected two 4‐month datasets representing Summer and Winter seasonal periods to test two hypotheses on the dominant drivers of DO at the coastal interface. We found that the Terrestrial driver—characterized by long periods of anaerobic conditions and episodic pulses in DO after floods—was most important during the Winter, whereas the Aquatic driver—characterized by variability over tidal, diel, and lunar cycles—was most important during the Summer. We explored how future climate change scenarios could alter the drivers of DO variability using a cumulative sums driver–response framework. Our results suggest that under climate change, Aquatic and Climatic drivers may increase in importance during the Summer, potentially linked to changing metabolic regimes and sea level, with Terrestrial driver importance potentially increasing during the Winter. Our approach highlights useful methods for understanding the spatiotemporal complexity of oxygen across coastal interfaces and quantifying the relative importance of distinct environmental drivers.
Study on mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of point contact with non‐Gaussian rough surface
Authors: Hou Hongjuan , Pei Jiaxing , Cao Dongxing , Wang Leilei
Published: September 2023

A numerical method is proposed to evaluate the effect of non‐Gaussian roughness on point contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). A mixed EHL model of point contact, considering non‐Gaussian roughness, is developed. The oil film pressure in the model was controlled by the Reynolds equation of average flow, and the contact pressure of asperity was obtained by the rough surface micro‐contact model. The influence of non‐Gaussian roughness parameters on contact pressure distribution, film thickness profile and the ratio of asperity pressure to contact load (asperity load ratio) are investigated based on the mixed EHL model. The results show that the asperity pressure increases as root mean square (RMS) roughness increases, skewness and kurtosis. The film thickness also increases with RMS roughness and skewness, but is not sensitive to kurtosis.
Synthesis and Characterization of a One‐Component Water‐Soluble Photoinitiator Based on Thioxanthone Derivatives
Authors: Lin Zihang , Ge Xiaowei , Tang Baoling
Published: September 2023

Thioxanthone derivatives with additional amino groups (TX‐S‐NH3) are synthesized via a simple esterification reaction between TX‐S‐CH2‐COOH and 2‐methylaminoethanol hydrocarbons in a p‐toluene sulfonic acid medium. The TX‐S‐NH3 is characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR, HRMS, ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. TX‐S‐NH3 has strong absorption in water and ethanol, and the molar extinction coefficients at 395 nm are 2800 and 2780 mol−1L cm−1, respectively. TX‐S‐NH3 shows a low fluorescence quantum yield of 0.109 in deionized water. The maximum mobility of TX‐S‐NH3 in the photocuring product in ethanol is 12.5%. The double bond conversion of TMPTA cured by TX‐S‐NH3 is 60.7% without co‐initiator. TX‐S‐NH3 has excellent curing effects in UV‐curable ink with a light curing time of only 2.3 s.
A compact transmission/reflection array antenna based on frequency‐selective surface
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Zehua , Lu Qian , Du Yongji , Li Ruo‐Zhou , Yan Jing , Yu Ying
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we propose an array antenna that can work in reflection and transmission modes simultaneously or separately. Reflection and transmission at two frequencies are determined by designing and implanting frequency selective surfaces for the antenna. An antenna array prototype including 14 × 14 units and a horn‐fed antenna is designed and measured. The peak gain is 24.6 dBi when the array operates in reflection mode at 12 GHz and 21.3 dBi in transmission mode at 7 GHz. The peak gains are at least 10 dBi higher than the feed source. Moreover, a shift in the beam direction was observed when the feed horn moved along the axis during the measurement. A ±16.4° beam scan can be achieved with a ±60 mm shift in the feeder, as presented in the paper. The proposed transmission/reflection array antenna has potential applications in wireless communication systems.
Probing electron and lattice dynamics by ultrafast electron microscopy: Principles and applications
Authors: Lian Yiling , Sun Jingya , Jiang Lan
Published: September 2023

Microscale charge and energy transfer is an ultrafast process that can determine the photoelectrochemical performance of devices. However, nonlinear and nonequilibrium properties hinder our understanding of ultrafast processes; thus, the direct imaging strategy has become an effective means to uncover ultrafast charge and energy transfer processes. Due to diffraction limits of optical imaging, the obtained optical image has insufficient spatial resolution. Therefore, electron beam imaging combined with a pulse laser showing high spatial–temporal resolution has become a popular area of research, and numerous breakthroughs have been achieved in recent years. In this review, we cover three typical ultrafast electron beam imaging techniques, namely, time‐resolved photoemission electron microscopy, scanning ultrafast electron microscopy, and ultrafast transmission electron microscopy, in addition to the principles and characteristics of these three techniques. Some outstanding results related to photon–electron interactions, charge carrier transport and relaxation, electron–lattice coupling, and lattice oscillation are also reviewed. In summary, ultrafast electron beam imaging with high spatial–temporal resolution and multidimensional imaging abilities can promote the fundamental understanding of physics, chemistry, and optics, as well as guide the development of advanced semiconductors and electronics.
Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Device Treatment for Nasal Valve Collapse in Patients With Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Kang Yun Jin , Kim Do Hyun , Stybayeva Gulnaz , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: September 2023

Objective

Internal nasal valve dysfunction is a prevalent cause of nasal obstruction. This systematic review, along with a Meta‐analysis, evaluated the efficacy of temperature‐controlled radiofrequency device (RFD) treatment in alleviating nasal obstruction by rectifying nasal valve collapse.

Data Sources

A comprehensive review of studies retrieved from PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases (up to December 2022) was conducted.

Review Methods

We included studies that evaluated the quality of life and nasal obstruction scores before and after RFD treatment. In addition, sham‐controlled studies were analyzed.

Results

In total, 451 patients across 8 studies were included in the analysis. Patients who underwent RFD treatment reported a significantly enhanced quality of life 24 months after treatment compared to pretreatment scores. The rates of clinically improved states and positive responses regarding quality of life after treatment were 82% and 91%, respectively. Moreover, the disease‐specific quality of life, as assessed by the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation score, significantly improved.

Conclusion

RFD may help improve nasal obstruction symptoms. Further randomized clinical studies on larger cohorts are essential to substantiate its efficacy in enhancing nasal valve function.
Analysis of the effects of complex electrode geometries on the energy deposition and temporally and spatially averaged electric field measurements of surface dielectric barrier discharges
Authors: Trosan Duncan , Walther Patrick , McLaughlin Stephen , Salvi Deepti , Mazzeo Aaron , Stapelmann Katharina
Published: September 2023

Surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) have been gaining interest in part due to their scalability and flexibility of materials used, allowing larger electrodes with more complex geometries. This paper seeks to elucidate the properties of SDBD geometries utilizing differing repeated lattice structures. Voltage and current traces, optical emission spectroscopy, digital imaging, and numerical analysis are used to analyze the electrodes. Temporally and spatially averaged reduced electric fields and the total power deposited into the plasma are presented. The averaged reduced electric field is not significantly affected by increasing applied voltage, but minor variations could be observed due to the geometry of the electrode lattice structures. Finally, plasma power does not track linearly with perimeter in these more complicated lattice structures.
Codesign of remote data collection for chronic management of pediatric home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Foster Carolyn C. , Kaat Aaron J. , Shah Avani V. , Hodgson Caroline A. , Hird‐McCorry Lindsey P. , Janus Angela , Swanson Philip , Massey Liana F. , De Sonia Anna , Cella David , Goodman Denise M. , Davis Matthew M. , Laguna Theresa A.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Outpatient monitoring of children using invasive home mechanical ventilation (IHMV) is recommended, but access to care can be difficult. This study tested if remote (home‐based) data collection was feasible and acceptable in chronic IHMV management.

Methods

A codesign study was conducted with an IHMV program, home nurses, and English‐ and Spanish‐speaking parent‐guardians of children using IHMV (0–17 years; n = 19). After prototyping, parents used a remote patient monitoring (RPM) bundle to collect patient heart rate, respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation, end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), and ventilator pressure/volume over 8 weeks. User feedback was analyzed using qualitative methods and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Expected marginal mean differences within patient measures when awake, asleep, or after a break were calculated using mixed effects models.

Results

Patients were a median 2.9 years old and 11 (58%) took breaks off the ventilator. RPM data were entered on a mean of 83.7% (SD ± 29.1%) weeks. SUS scores were 84.8 (SD ± 10.5) for nurses and 91.8 (SD ± 10.1) for parents. Over 90% of parents agreed/strongly agreed that RPM data collection was feasible and relevant to their child's care. Within‐patient comparisons revealed that EtCO2 (break‐vs‐asleep 2.55 mmHg, d = 0.79 [0.42–1.15], p < .001; awake‐vs‐break 1.48, d = −0.49 [0.13–0.84], p = .02) and RR (break‐vs‐asleep 16.14, d = 2.12 [1.71–2.53], p < .001; awake‐vs‐break 3.44, d = 0.45 [0.10–0.04], p = .03) were significantly higher during ventilator breaks.

Conclusions

RPM data collection in children with IHMV was feasible, acceptable, and captured clinically meaningful vital sign changes during ventilator breaks, supporting the clinical utility of RPM in IHMV management.
Role of esophageal ultrasound with a bronchoscope (EUS‐B) with fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of mediastinal Bronchogenic cyst
Authors: Madhusudan Manoj , Chandra Tejaswi , Potti Priyanka , Jingade Srikanta T.
Published: September 2023

A 12‐year‐old adolescent boy presented with complaints of persisting dry cough and exertional dyspnea. A CT chest revealed a cystic lesion posterior to the trachea and a flexible bronchoscopy revealed extrinsic compression of the posterior trachea and partial obstruction of the left main bronchus. He underwent an Endoscopic Ultrasound with a Bronchoscope. A Hypoechoic cystic lesion was seen just in front of the esophagus. Fine needle aspiration yielded thick mucoid aspirate and cytology revealed ciliated columnar epithelium, confirming the diagnosis of a Bronchogenic cyst.
Predictors of NIV‐related adverse events in children using long‐term noninvasive ventilation
Authors: Bedi Prabhjot K. , DeHaan Kristie , Ofosu Daniel , Olmstead Deborah , MacLean Joanna E. , Castro‐Codesal Maria
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives

An increasing number of children with diverse medical conditions are using long‐term noninvasive ventilation (NIV). This study examined the impact of demographic, clinical, and technology‐related factors on long‐term NIV adverse events in a large cohort of children using long‐term NIV.

Methods

This was a multicenter retrospective review of all children who initiated long‐term NIV in the province of Alberta, Canada, from January 2005 to September 2014, and followed until December 2015. Inclusion criteria were children who had used NIV for 3 months or more and had at least one follow‐up visit with the NIV programs.

Results

We identified 507 children who initiated NIV at a median age of 7.5 (interquartile range: 8.6) years and 93% of them reported at least one NIV‐related adverse event during the initial follow‐up visit. Skin injury (20%) and unintentional air leaks (19%) were reported more frequently at the initial visit. Gastrointestinal symptoms, midface hypoplasia, increased drooling, aspiration and pneumothorax were rarely reported (<5%). Younger age and underlying conditions such as Down syndrome, achondroplasia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy were early predictors of unintentional air leak. Younger age also predicted child sleep disruption in the short term and ongoing parental sleep disruption. Obesity was a risk factor for persistent nasal symptoms. Mask type was not a significant predictor for NIV‐related short‐ or long‐term complications.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that NIV‐related complications are frequent. Appropriate mask‐fitting and headgear adaptation, and a proactive approach to early detection may help to reduce adverse events.
Growth of Dichalcogenide Layers on TiO2(110)—MoSe2 or TiSe2
Authors: Ambos Björn , Ramzan Muhammad Sufyan , Cocchi Caterina , Nilius Niklas
Published: September 2023

Transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) islands and thin films are grown on TiO2(110) via physical vapor deposition of Mo and Se and are analyzed with electron diffraction, Auger spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Surprisingly, large, crystalline TiSe2 patches develop on the TiO2 surface instead of the expected MoSe2 islands. They are identified by a hexagonal lattice with 3.4 Å periodicity, a unique (2 × 2) superstructure related to charge‐density waves, and an empty conductance doublet in STM spectroscopy. Density‐function‐theory calculations assign the imaging contrast and the conductance doublet to tunneling into the 3p orbitals of the topmost Se layer and Ti 3d‐related electronic states, respectively. Control experiments without Mo deposition confirm that the observed TMDC growth indeed results from a surface reaction between gas‐phase Se and Ti3+ atoms, segregating out of the reduced TiO2 crystal. From the unique shape and orientation of the TiSe2 islands in the low‐coverage regime, a distinct nucleation scheme is proposed, in which the Se(3 × 1) superstructure on TiO2 provides pinning centers for the TMDC. This article aims at increasing the awareness that Mo and Se co‐deposition does not automatically result in MoSe2 formation, but parasitic processes may trigger the growth of other TMDCs.
Radiation Damage of GSAG:Ce Crystals with Codopants under Gamma‐Ray Irradiation
Authors: Hovhannesyan Karine L. , Derdzyan Marina V. , Ghambaryan Irina A. , Butaeva Tatyana I. , Dujardin Christophe , Petrosyan Ashot G.
Published: September 2023

Gadolinium scandium aluminum garnet scintillator crystals (GSAG:Ce) with Ca2+, Mg2+, and Li+ co‐dopants are grown by the Bridgman method under reducing atmosphere. Crystals are irradiated with a 60Co gamma‐ray source to 10 kGy and 50 kGy doses for evaluation of the radiation hardness. A wide absorption band peaking at around 620 nm is observed in all as‐grown uncodoped GSAG:Ce crystals. Air annealing at high temperatures and introduction of codopants result in elimination of this absorption band and improvement of transmittance in the visible range. The nature of the color center at ≈620 nm is discussed. GSAG:Ce crystals codoped with Li+ and Mg2+:Li+ combine both high transmission and least radiation damage.
Fabrication and Switching Performance of 8 A–500 V D‐Mode GaN MISHEMTs
Authors: Baby Rijo , Roy Shamibrota K. , Tripathy Sudhiranjan , Muralidharan Rangarajan , Basu Kaushik , Raghavan Srinivasan , Nath Digbijoy N.
Published: September 2023

In this work, the design, fabrication, static device testing, and double‐pulse switching performance of multi‐finger D‐mode GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high‐electron‐mobility transistors (MISHEMTs) on silicon are discussed. Utilizing an metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition‐grown GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors stack with a superlattice buffer, field‐plated devices with a meandering gate geometry and a total gate width of 30 mm are fabricated. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition SiNx is used as the gate dielectric, followed by an optimized bilayer SiNx passivation scheme. Devices with 100 μm gate width have an ON/OFF ratio of ≈108. They are analyzed for dynamic Ron (normalized Ron = 3 at 100 μs) and time‐dependent dielectric breakdown for gate reliability, resulting in a β value of 2.65 from the Weibull plot. Devices with a 30 mm gate width exhibit a maximum ON current of 8 A at zero gate voltage and a three‐terminal breakdown of ≈500 V. The devices are diced, wire‐bonded to a printed circuit board, and a double‐pulsed test is performed for switching transient characterization under clamped inductive load. The OFF‐state and ON‐state energy loss are estimated to be Eon = 14 μJ and EOFF = 27 μJ, respectively, when switched at 5 A, 50 V. In this study, the potential of GaN MISHEMTs with bilayer SiNx passivation for low‐power D‐mode switching applications (5 A, 50 V) is demonstrated.
A Case of Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei
Authors: Liu Ruiping , Lu Bin
Published: September 2023

We present a case of a 25-year-old male patient with lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei, a rare and unexplained skin disease characterised by asymptomatic facial papules. The clinical presentation and histopathological images provided in our study can be used to visualise the features and progression of the disease.
Multifunctional Flexible MXene/AgNW Composite Thin Film with Ultrahigh Conductivity Enabled by a Sandwich‐Structured Assembly Strategy
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Cai Jun , Liu Peng , Chen Teng , Chen Bo , Gong De
Published: September 2023

Flexible composite films have attracted considerable attention due to great potential for healthcare, telecommunication, and aerospace. However, it is still challenging to achieve high conductivity and multifunctional integration, mainly due to poorly designed composite structures of these films. Herein, a novel sandwich‐structured assembly strategy is proposed to fabricate flexible composite thin films made of Ag nanowire (AgNW) core and MXene layers by combination of spray coating and vacuum filtration process. In this case, ultrathin MXene layers play crucial roles in constructing compact composite structures strongly anchored to substrate with extensive hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The resultant sandwich‐structured MXene/AgNW composite thin films (SMAFs) exhibit ultrahigh electrical conductivity (up to 27193 S cm−1), resulting in exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 16 223.3 dB cm2 g−1 and impressive Joule heating performance with rapid heating rate of 10.4 °C s−1. Moreover, the uniform SMAFs can also be facilely cut into kirigami‐patterned interconnects, which indicate superior strain‐insensitive conductance even after long‐term exposure to extreme temperatures. The demonstrated strategy offers a significant paradigm to construct multifunctional composite thin films for next‐generation integrated flexible electronics with practical applications.
Flash Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Zhang Xuehuan , Han Gaoyi , Zhu Sheng
Published: September 2023

In recent years, nitrogen‐doped carbons show great application potentials in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Here, the ultrafast and green preparation of nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (N‐CNTs) via an efficient flash Joule heating method is reported. The precursor of 1D core–shell structure of CNT@polyaniline is first synthesized using an in situ polymerization method and then rapidly conversed into N‐CNTs at ≈1300 K within 1 s. Electrochemical tests reveal the desirable capacitive property and oxygen catalytic activity of the optimized N‐CNT material. It delivers an improved area capacitance of 101.7 mF cm−2 at 5 mV s−1 in 1 m KOH electrolyte, and the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor shows an energy density of 1.03 µWh cm−2 and excellent cycle stability over 10 000 cycles. In addition, the flash N‐CNTs exhibit impressive catalytic performance toward oxygen reduction reaction with a half‐wave potential of 0.8 V in alkaline medium, comparable to the sample prepared by the conventional long‐time pyrolysis method. The Zn–air battery presents superior charge–discharge ability and long‐term durability relative to commercial Pt/C catalyst. These remarkable electrochemical performances validate the superiorities of the Joule heating method in preparing the heteroatom‐doped carbon materials for wide applications.
2D Information Security System Based on Polyurethane Inverse Photonic Glass Structure
Authors: Wang Zhenzhi , Meng Fantao , Kong Miao , Guo Xiaoyu , Zhang Shufen , Zhang Yuang , Tang Bingtao
Published: September 2023

Information security has become a major global problem in recent years. Thus, people continue to exert much effort in developing new information security technologies based on encryption and storage. In this study, a 2D information security technology based on polyurethane optical devices with inverse photonic glass structure (PU‐IPG) is introduced. Based on 1) the swelling and plasticizing effects of various solvents on PU‐IPG and 2) the capillary force that can produce geometric deformation on micro/nanostructures when solvents evaporate, a 2D information security system with two modules of decryption (structural color information display) and anticounterfeiting (structural color transformation) is successfully constructed. The spraying method adopted can be simple and fast and can provide a large area to build photonic glass templates, which greatly improves the capacity and category of information in the encryption system. The prepared PU‐IPG optical devices can produce large‐area multicolor output capability of information. These devices also have excellent mechanical properties, strong cycle stability, environmental friendliness, and low price. Therefore, the preparation strategy has great reference value and application prospects in the field of information security.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Dots Modified Fe–Co Sulfide Nanosheets as High‐Efficiency Electrocatalysts toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Lei , Qin Hanli , Ji Zhenyuan , Zhou Hu , Shen Xiaoping , Zhu Guoxing , Yuan Aihua
Published: September 2023

Developing high‐efficiency and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is an imperative requirement to produce green and clean hydrogen energy. In this work, the FeCoSy/NCDs composite with nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NCDs) modified Fe–Co sulfide (FeCoSy) nanosheets is prepared by using a facile and mild one‐pot solvothermal method. Benefiting from the low crystallinity and the synergistic effect between FeCoSy and NCDs, the optimal FeCoSy/NCDs‐3 composite exhibits an overpotential of only 284 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel value of 52.1 mV dec−1, and excellent electrochemical durability in alkaline solution. Remarkably, unlike ordinary metal sulfide electrocatalysts, the morphology, components, and structure of the FeCoSy/NCDs composite can be well retained after OER test. The NCDs modified FeCoSy composite with excellent electrocatalytic performance provides an effective approach to boost metal sulfide electrocatalysts for practical application.