bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long Bone Defect Filling with Bioactive Degradable 3D-Implant: Experimental Study
Authors: Popkov Arnold , Kononovich Natalia , Dubinenko Gleb , Gorbach Elena , Shastov Alexander , Tverdokhlebov Sergei , Popkov Dmitry
Published: March 2023

Previously, 3D-printed bone grafts made of titanium alloy with bioactive coating has shown great potential for the restoration of bone defects. Implanted into a medullary canal titanium graft with cellular structure demonstrated stimulation of the reparative osteogenesis and successful osseointegration of the graft into a single bone-implant block. The purpose of this study was to investigate osseointegration of a 3D-printed degradable polymeric implant with cellular structure as preclinical testing of a new technique for bone defect restoration. During an experimental study in sheep, a 20 mm-long segmental tibial defect was filled with an original cylindrical implant with cellular structure made of polycaprolactone coated with hydroxyapatite. X-ray radiographs demonstrated reparative bone regeneration from the periosteum lying on the periphery of cylindrical implant to its center in a week after the surgery. Cellular structure of the implant was fully filled with newly-formed bone tissue on the 4th week after the surgery. The bone tissue regeneration from the proximal and distal bone fragments was evident on 3rd week. This provides insight into the use of bioactive degradable implants for the restoration of segmental bone defects. Degradable implant with bioactive coating implanted into a long bone segmental defect provides stimulation of reparative osteogenesis and osseointegration into the single implant-bone block.
Applications and Tuning Strategies for Transcription Factor-Based Metabolite Biosensors
Authors: Zhou Gloria J. , Zhang Fuzhong
Published: March 2023

Transcription factor (TF)-based biosensors are widely used for the detection of metabolites and the regulation of cellular pathways in response to metabolites. Several challenges hinder the direct application of TF-based sensors to new hosts or metabolic pathways, which often requires extensive tuning to achieve the optimal performance. These tuning strategies can involve transcriptional or translational control depending on the parameter of interest. In this review, we highlight recent strategies for engineering TF-based biosensors to obtain the desired performance and discuss additional design considerations that may influence a biosensor’s performance. We also examine applications of these sensors and suggest important areas for further work to continue the advancement of small-molecule biosensors.
Predicting and Comparing Students’ Online and Offline Academic Performance Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Holicza Barnabás , Kiss Attila
Published: March 2023

Due to COVID-19, the researching of educational data and the improvement of related systems have become increasingly important in recent years. Educational institutions seek more information about their students to find ways to utilize their talents and address their weaknesses. With the emergence of e-learning, researchers and programmers aim to find ways to maintain students’ attention and improve their chances of achieving a higher grade point average (GPA) to gain admission to their desired colleges. In this paper, we predict, test, and provide reasons for declining student performance using various machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine with different kernels, decision tree, random forest, and k-nearest neighbors algorithms. Additionally, we compare two databases, one with data related to online learning and another with data on relevant offline learning properties, to compare predicted weaknesses with metrics such as F1 score and accuracy. However, before applying the algorithms, the databases need normalization to meet the prediction format. Ultimately, we find that success in school is related to habits such as sleep, study time, and screen time. More details regarding the results are provided in this paper.
Analyze Differences in Carbon Emissions from Traditional and Prefabricated Buildings Combining the Life Cycle
Authors: Zhou Fang , Ning Yibo , Guo Xinran , Guo Sandang
Published: March 2023

Construction, as an important producer of energy, material, and waste emissions, the high energy consumption problem has not been solved. Prefabricated buildings have become more and more popular and promoted in China in recent years. This study takes prefabricated buildings and traditional cast-in-situ buildings as research objects and divides the buildings into five stages: factory building materials production, component transportation, field installation, use, and demolition. In addition, the paper presents the calculation method of carbon emissions in five stages of construction. By calculating the carbon emissions of the two buildings in five stages, the total carbon emissions of the two buildings and the differences in carbon emissions are obtained. In particular, in this case, the prefabricated buildings and traditional cast-in-situ buildings were constructed at the same time and in the same place. It is concluded that prefabricated buildings can reduce carbon emissions by about 86 kg per square meter compared with traditional cast-in-situ buildings. In all stages of carbon emissions, the field installation stage produces the most carbon emissions. Prefabricated buildings consume more concrete, steel bar, and diesel and fewer wall materials than traditional cast-in-situ buildings.
Preparation Method of Similar Materials for the Progressive Disintegration of Red-Bedded Soft Rock Based on Diagenesis Simulation
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Jiang Dongcheng , Jia Qinji , Xu Haifeng , Wang Tong
Published: March 2023

Solid waste formed during the excavation of soft red stratum rock is often encountered in engineering practice. However, its reuse has been limited because it often shows a gradual degradation mechanism during water–rock interactions. Similarity simulation experiments of geotechnical materials have been developed to be environmentally friendly; however, their application in soft rock mechanics is still limited. Based on these limitations, this study aims to prepare red-bedded soft rock-like materials by referring to the diagenetic process of sedimentary rocks using low-melting-point glass powder (STGP) and high-temperature and vertical stress to accurately simulate the progressive disintegration properties of red-bedded soft rock. For this purpose, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to verify the function of STGP in the embedment of skeleton particles of soft rock as a cement material for resisting the dry–wet cycle. Micro-scanning electron microscopy, disintegration experiments with dry–wet cycles, and basic physical and mechanical property tests were conducted for the synthetic red soft rock-like material. Finally, the synthetic and natural materials were compared based on their density, microstructure, disintegration breakage, and uniaxial compression mechanical properties. The results showed that adding STGP promoted embedded solidification between aggregate particles. The simulated material exhibited the same characteristics of gradual disintegration breakage as natural red-bedded soft rock. Meanwhile, the basic physical and mechanical properties were in substantial agreement when the STGP content was 0.5~2%.
Exploring the Interplay between Thermal and Visual Perception: A Critical Review of Studies from 1926 to 2022
Authors: Rakotoarivelo Toky , Malet-Damour Bruno
Published: March 2023

Research on the links between thermal and visual perception is an ever-evolving field aimed at exploring how one modifies the other. The findings can enhance buildings’ energy performance and the occupants’ well-being. Based on a screening methodology on a substantial article database, this review article provides an overview of the current state of knowledge by examining studies related to the thermo-photometric perception hypothesis between 1926 and 2022. It analyzes the limitations and contributions of these studies, identifies the most recent advancements, and highlights remaining scientific hurdles. For example, we demonstrate that the “hue-heat” hypothesis appears to be verified for specific experimental conditions conducive to measuring subtle parameter variations.
Collapse Assessment of Mid-Rise RC Dual Wall-Frame Buildings Subjected to Subduction Earthquakes
Authors: Gallegos Marco F. , Araya-Letelier Gerardo , Lopez-Garcia Diego , Parra Pablo F.
Published: March 2023

In Chile, office buildings are typically reinforced concrete (RC) structures whose lateral load-resisting system comprises core structural walls and perimeter moment frames (i.e., dual wall-frame system). In the last 20 years, nearly 800 new dual wall-frame buildings have been built in the country and roughly 70% of them have less than ten stories. Although the seismic performance of these structures was deemed satisfactory in previous earthquakes, their actual collapse potential is indeed unknown. In this study, the collapse performance of Chilean code-conforming mid-rise RC buildings is assessed considering different hazard levels (i.e., high and moderate seismic activity) and different soil types (i.e., stiff and moderately stiff). Following the FEMA P-58 methodology, 3D nonlinear models of four representative structural archetypes were subjected to sets of Chilean subduction ground motions. Incremental dynamic analysis was used to develop collapse fragilities. The results indicate that the archetypes comply with the ‘life safety’ risk level defined in ASCE 7, which is consistent with the observed seismic behavior in recent mega-earthquakes in Chile. However, the collapse risk is not uniform. Differences in collapse probabilities are significant, which might indicate that revisions to the current Chilean seismic design code might be necessary.
Physical, Mechanical and Transfer Properties at the Steel-Concrete Interface: A Review
Authors: Hachem Yousra , Ezzedine El Dandachy Mohamad , Khatib Jamal M.
Published: March 2023

The steel-concrete interface (SCI) is extensively acknowledged to affect the durability of reinforced concrete. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a state-of-the-art review that contributes to sufficient knowledge on the determination of the SCI properties and its effect on the overall performance of reinforced concrete elements. The physical characteristics at the SCI are influenced by segregation, flow, hydration, and drying shrinkage of concrete, hence affecting the presence of voids and cracks within this interface. The bond strength is one of the measures of the SCI and this is conducted through pull-out, push-in, and tie-beam testing. It was shown that the rebar shape and diameter, the anchorage length, the concrete grade strength, binder type (geopolymer concrete), and the distribution of aggregates have a significant effect on the interface properties and behavior, where geopolymer concrete offered improved bond behavior over conventional concrete. Various studies have demonstrated that the presence of the steel-concrete interface and the application of mechanical stresses contribute to the flow transfer (inflow/outflow) through the reinforced concrete structure. Some of these studies focused on the initial state of the SCI within the structure, and some conducted tests with shear loading on the SCI. Regarding the transfer properties at the SCI, it was shown that the presence of steel rebar, crack dimensions, degree of saturation of concrete, and the concrete mix design, influence the permeability of the concrete, specifically at the vicinity of the SCI, because of the development of micro-cracks at the interface. In other studies, the shear stresses were also found to affect the transfer properties through the SCI. Researchers have implemented several software solutions such as finite element models on ABAQUS and mesoscale numerical simulations and have used machine learning models that predict and verify the effects of bond failure behavior at the SCI. Good agreement was established between the numerical and actual experimental results. The influence of different exposure conditions on the steel-concrete interface that change throughout time needs to be dealt with, which includes moisture-related environmental conditions, variation in temperature, and chemical exposure. Furthermore, the influence of structural loading, such as “creep effect”, deterioration (ageing) of material must be studied at the interface. The studies were limited to short-term behavior.
One-Pot Synthesis of Benzoxazole/Benzothiazole-Substituted Esters by Michael Addition: A Selective Construction of C-N/C-S Bonds
Authors: Gong Zhi-Ying , Yang Cheng-Li , Wang Dan , Huang Lang , Dong Zhi-Bing
Published: March 2023

An efficient and convenient synthesis of benzoxazole/benzothiazole-substituted esters in a one-pot strategy is reported. In this investigation, a selective construction of C-N and C-S bonds via simple addition is performed. Thus, using substituted 2-aminophenols/2-aminobenzenethiols, TMTD (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) and α,β-unsaturated esters as starting substrates, C-N and C-S bonds can be selectively constructed by means of the Michael addition reaction. This protocol features high selectivity, high atomic economy, mild conditions, good functional tolerance and good to excellent yields, showing the potential value for the preparation of some biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds.
Activation of Peroxymonosulfate Using Spent Li-Ion Batteries for the Efficient Degradation of Chloroquine Phosphate
Authors: Hu Zhenzhong , Luo Jia , Xu Sheng , Yuan Peng , Guo Shengqi , Tang Xuejing , Shen Boxiong
Published: March 2023

Recycling and reusing spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have gained a lot of attention in recent years, both ecologically and commercially. The carbon nanotube-loaded CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4@CNTs) composite was made using a solvothermal technique utilizing wasted LIBs as the starting material and carbon nanotubes as support, and it was used as an efficient peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5−) activator to degrade chloroquine phosphate (CQP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were utilized to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst generated. The impacts of CoFe2O4@CNTs dosage, PMS concentration, reaction temperature, initial pH value, starting CQP concentration, and co-existing ions have undergone extensive experimental testing. In comparison to bare CoFe2O4, the CoFe2O4@CNTs demonstrated increased catalytic activity, which might be attributed to their super electron transport capacity and large surface area. In ideal conditions, the mineralization efficiency and removal efficiency of 10 mg/L CQP approached 33 and 98.7%, respectively. By employing external magnets, the CoFe2O4@CNTs catalyst may be simply recycled and reused several times. The potential reaction mechanism in the CoFe2O4@CNTs/PMS system was also investigated. In summary, this study indicates that CoFe2O4@CNTs generated from spent lithium-ion batteries have a high potential in PMS activation for CQP and other pollutant degradation.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana Overexpressing BnMYB2 from Boehmeria nivea under Cadmium Stress
Authors: Zhu Shoujing , Li Wenyang , Yan Suhui , Shi Wenjuan
Published: March 2023

Boehmeria nivea (ramie) is an important fiber crop with strong tolerance to cadmium (Cd). In our previous study, a novel MYB transcription factor gene from ramie, BnMYB2, was found to positively regulate Cd tolerance and accumulation in the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Herein, transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes involved in cadmium response between the wild-type (WT) and BnMYB2 overexpressed lines; 1598 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the shoot. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the majority of DEGs belonged to the categories of transcription factors, plant hormone signal transduction and nitrogen metabolism. The expression level of the Ib subgroup bHLH genes (AtbHLH38, AtbHLH39, AtbHLH100 and AtbHLH101) and nitrogen assimilation-related genes (AtNIA1, AtNIA2, AtNIR1 and AtASN2) were significantly higher than that of WT, accompanied with the positive changes in iron (Fe) and total nitrogen content in the shoot of BnMYB2 overexpression lines. Several DEGs belonging to the bZIP transcription factor family or SAUR family were also found up-regulated in the transgenic plants. These results provide important clues for elucidating how the molecular mechanisms of BnMYB2 regulate plant response to Cd stress.
The TT Genotype of the KIAA1524 rs2278911 Polymorphism Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Szudy-Szczyrek Aneta , Mlak Radosław , Mazurek Marcin , Krajka Tomasz , Chocholska Sylwia , Bitkowska Paulina , Jutrzenka Marta , Szczyrek Michał , Homa-Mlak Iwona , Krajka Andrzej , Małecka-Massalska Teresa , Hus Marek
Published: March 2023

Background: The KIAA1524 gene encodes an oncoprotein, CIP2A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of the Akt kinase B, stabilizes the c-Myc protein, and, through that, promotes cancerogenesis. An increase in CIP2A expression has been observed in numerous solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical impact of the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the KIAA1524 gene (rs2278911, 686C > T) in MM patients. Methods: The study group consisted of 128 patients with de novo MM. EDTA venous blood samples were collected prior to the treatment. The SNPs were analyzed by Real-Time PCR with the use of specific Taqman probes. Results: Multivariable analysis revealed that variables independently associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) included thrombocytopenia, delTP53 and IGH/CCND1 translocation and the TT genotype of the KIAA1524 gene (686C > T) (median PFS: 6 vs. 25 months; HR = 7.18). On the other hand, autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) was related to a lower risk of early disease progression. Moreover, light chain disease, International Staging System (ISS) 3, poor performance status, hypoalbuminemia, IGH/FGFR3 translocation and the TT genotype of the KIAA1524 gene (686C > T) were independent prognostic factors associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (median OS: 8 vs. 45 months; HR = 7.08). Conclusion: The evaluation of the SNP 686C > T of the KIAA1524 gene could be used as a diagnostic tool in MM patients at risk of early disease progression and death.
Regulation of the Innate Immune System as a Therapeutic Approach to Supporting Respiratory Function in ALS
Authors: McGrath Michael S. , Zhang Rongzhen , Bracci Paige M. , Azhir Ari , Forrest Bruce D.
Published: March 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinical diagnosis used to define a neurodegenerative process that involves progressive loss of voluntary muscle function and leads to death within 2–5 years after diagnosis, in most cases because of respiratory function failure. Respiratory vital capacity (VC) measurements are reproducible and strong predictors of survival. To understand the role of the innate immune response in progressive VC loss we evaluated ALS clinical trial and biomarker results from a 6-month phase 2 study of NP001, a regulator of innate immune function. All ALS baseline values were similar between treated and controls except for those > 65 years old who were excluded from analysis. Treated patients with plasma CRP ≥ 1.13 mg/L (high CRP) showed a 64% slower rate of VC decline compared with placebo and those with plasma CRP < 1.13 mg/L (low CRP) who showed no response. High CRP patients showed no age associated loss of VC whereas low CRP patients showed an age dependent loss of VC function. Plasma levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) were similarly elevated in high CRP patients consistent with ongoing innate immune activation. Plasma TGFB1 in high CRP treated patients was 95% higher than placebo at 6-months, confirming the activation and release of this anti-inflammatory factor by the innate immune alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M) system. This report is the first to link a biomarker confirmed regulation of the innate immune system with a therapeutic approach for controlling VC loss in ALS patients.
Metformin Sustained-Release and Vildagliptin Fixed-Dose Combination for Optimizing Glycemic Control: A Review with Real-World Case Reports
Authors: Chawla Manoj , Chawla Purvi , Jethwani Pratap , Shah Kiran , Reddy Sanjay
Published: March 2023

(1) Background: There is a high burden of poor glycemic control in the Indian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, the use of metformin sustained-release (SR)–vildagliptin fixed-dose combination (FDC) is very low as compared to metformin immediate-release (IR)–vildagliptin FDC which is associated with higher adverse events (AEs). Here, we present real-world effectiveness of metformin SR–vildagliptin FDC treatment in patients with T2DM; (2) Methods: This retrospective analysis was carried out from the medical records of adult T2DM patients visiting a single study center in India (December 2020–February 2021). A total of 10 patients (aged ≥20 years) were treated with vildagliptin 50 mg and metformin SR 500 mg FDC for 15 days. The treatment response was assessed by the percentage of time spent in the target glucose range (TIR at baseline and 15 days after treatment); (3) Results: The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at baseline varied between 6.5% to 12%. The glycemic control improved in 70% of patients (mean increase in TIR: 18.9%). Treatment adherence was 100%. No gastrointestinal symptoms or AEs were reported; (4) Conclusions: Early intervention with metformin SR–vildagliptin FDC in patients with T2DM can ensure therapy compliance in terms of superior efficacy along with safety and tolerability. Key summary points: Early initiation of combination therapy helps in early achievement of glycemic goals; Early initiation of metformin and vildagliptin FDC results in significant glycemic control with good tolerability and compliance; Metformin SR–vildagliptin FDC has lower adverse events, compared to metformin IR–vildagliptin FDC; A case series of ten patients with T2DM treated with metformin SR–vildagliptin FDC is presented to assess the real-world effectiveness of this combination.
Laser Damage Performance Study of Fundamental Frequency Dielectric Film Optical Elements
Authors: Chen Zixuan , Tian Ye , Zhu Jingguo , Sun Laixi , Wang Fang , Ai Yizhang , Liu Hongjie , Deng Xuewei , Chen Mingjun , Cheng Jian , Zhao Linjie
Published: March 2023

In laser application systems, the optical film is one of the most important parts of the system, as well as its weakest link. Its damage performance determines the output characteristics and safety performance of the laser system. This paper focuses on the fundamental frequency reflection of dielectric films used in large high-powered laser devices. The study of the dielectric film’s initial laser damage performance and laser damage growth performance is carried out through laser damage testing and microscopic morphology testing of the damage. The results show two different damage morphologies: type 1 damage (film discoloration damage) and type 2 damage (cratered damage), and the damage growth behavior between the two is very different, with type 1 damage not growing and type 2 damage growing rapidly under subsequent episodes that trigger their damage fluxes. The difference in the growth behavior is well explained by the micro-zone surface shape of the damage location. The results of this paper help to deepen the understanding of the dielectric membrane element processing process and the damage growth behavior.
Friction Stir Welding of Non-Heat Treatable Al Alloys: Challenges and Improvements Opportunities
Authors: Abnar Behrouz , Gashtiazar Samaneh , Javidani Mousa
Published: March 2023

Friction stir welding (FSW) is an effective solid-state joining process that has the potential to overcome common problems correlated with conventional fusion welding processes. FSW is used for the joining of metallic materials, in particular Al alloys (non-heat-treatable and heat-treatable). The heat produced by the friction between the rotating tool and the workpiece material generates a softened region near the FSW tool. Although the heat input plays a crucial role in producing a defect-free weld metal, it is a serious concern in the FSW of work-hardened non-heat-treatable Al alloys. In this group of alloys, the mechanical properties, including hardness, tensile properties, and fatigue life, are adversely affected by the softening effect because of grain growth and reduced dislocation density. Considering this challenge, work-hardened Al alloys have been limited in their industrial use, which includes aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive, and railway industries. The current comprehensive review presents the various approaches of available studies for improving the quality of FSW joints and expanding their use. First, the optimization of welding parameters, including the tool rotational and traverse speeds, tool design, plunge depth, and the tilt angle is discussed. Second, the incorporation of reinforcement particles and then underwater FSW are stated as other effective strategies to strengthen the joint. Finally, some supplementary techniques containing surface modification, bobbin tool FSW, copper backing, and double-sided FSW in relation to strain-hardened Al alloys are considered.
Photocatalytic Azo Dye Degradation Using Graphite Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst and UV-A Irradiation
Authors: Al-Zahrani Salma A. , Patil Mallikarjunagouda B. , Mathad Shridhar N. , Patil Arun Y. , Al Otaibi Ahmed , Masood Najat , Mansour Dorsaf , Khan Anish , Gupta Vikas , Topare Niraj S. , Somya Amita , Ayyar Manikandan
Published: March 2023

The photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 26 was examined utilizing a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) catalyst and a UV-A light in this study. We investigated how successfully the photocatalytic approach removed Acid Red 26 from synthetic and actual municipal wastewater. Both aqueous matrices allowed for extremely high clearance rates. Wastewater degraded at a slower rate than the other matrices, this might be ascribed to the wastewater’s complicated chemical composition. Using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the IPs in both synthetic and actual municipal effluent were determined. The photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of Acid Red 26 are hypothesised to comprise oxidation, dealkylation, and methoxy group cleavage based on the observed intermediate products (IPs). Using proven scavengers, we were also able to investigate the role of reactive species in the degradation process and illustrate the significance of h+ and O2• in the reaction. Chlorococcum sp. and Dunaliella tertiolecta microalgae were also utilised to assess the development of ecotoxicity. We observed low toxicity throughout the process when clean water was used as the matrix, with no production of hazardous IPs. In the case of actual municipal wastewater, there was an early rise in toxicity, which scientists believe was caused by the matrix’s chemical make-up. To lower the toxicity, a heterogeneous photocatalysis was used, and at the end of the treatment, nearly full detoxification was obtained.
Saudi Consensus Recommendations on the Management of Multiple Sclerosis: Family Planning within the Management of MS
Authors: Al-Khawajah Mona M. , Al-Barakati Rayan G. , Al-Jedai Ahmed H. , Al-Malik Yaser M. , Al-Mudaiheem Hajer Y. , Al-Omari Bedor A. , Al-Thubaiti Ibtisam A. , Al-Yafeai Rumaiza H. , Bunyan Reem F. , Cupler Edward J. , Hakami Mohammed , Kedah Hanaa M. , Makkawi Seraj , Saeed Leena H. , Saeedi Jameelah A. , Shosha Eslam , Al-Jumah Mohammed A.
Published: March 2023

This review article addresses the complex issues faced by individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who are planning a family, becoming pregnant, or wishing to breastfeed their baby. Recommendations and guidelines were discussed and agreed upon by neurologists, neuroradiologists, nurses, and pharmacists involved in the management of MS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). MS itself does not harm a pregnancy, and people with MS of childbearing age can be encouraged to enjoy family life. Family planning should be a part of the initial conversation with a newly diagnosed patient of childbearing age. Interferons and glatiramer acetate can be continued throughout pregnancy and can be administered during breastfeeding if the benefits outweigh the risks. These DMTs may be considered for a woman with well-controlled MS who is planning a pregnancy or otherwise not using contraception, according to an individualized risk-benefit analysis. The use of contraception should be maintained during the administration of other disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Natalizumab can be administered at a reduced administration frequency to women with high MS disease activity up to 30 weeks gestation (this agent may induce hematological abnormalities in the fetus). Other DMTs should be withdrawn for variable periods before contraception is stopped and immediately after the discovery of a pregnancy (beware of rebound disease activity after withdrawing natalizumab or fingolimod). Resumption of treatment should not be delayed in women at risk of relapse during the postpartum period and especially in those who do not wish to breastfeed.
Development and Characterization of Cultured Buttermilk Fortified with Spirulina plantensis and Its Physico-Chemical and Functional Characteristics
Authors: Rose Hency , Bakshi Shiva , Kanetkar Prajasattak , Lukose Smitha J. , Felix Jude , Yadav Satya Prakash , Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Paswan Vinod Kumar
Published: March 2023

In recent years, there has been an unprecedented increase in the demand for fermented dairy products due to medical recommendations and lifestyle preferences. Cultured buttermilk, as an ancient fermented dairy beverage, is an appropriate product choice in this context. This study presents a novel cultured buttermilk formulated by fortification with high protein microalgae Spirulina platensis, thus making it valuable and attractive because of its antioxidant properties. The fermentation process, nutraceutical properties, and sensory characteristics of developed cultured buttermilk with various concentrations of Spirulina (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) were compared with the control sample (0% Spirulina buttermilk). Different concentrations of Spirulina in buttermilk result in a significant increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid content, boosting its antioxidant properties. The study also evaluated the prebiotic properties of Spirulina, thus, demonstrating its ability to promote a healthy digestive system. It was found that the addition of 0.25% Spirulina was able to ferment the product more quickly and retained the sensory acceptability of the finished product. The protein content, free radical scavenging activity, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and total phenolic content of 0.25% Spirulina-fortified buttermilk was 1.83%, 48.19%, 30.9 mg/g, 8.24 mg/g, and 4.21 mg/g GAE, respectively. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that cultured buttermilk with a high nutritional value and functional health benefits can be developed by fortification with 0.25% Spirulina as a natural ingredient.
NGS Reads Dataset of Sunflower Interspecific Hybrids
Authors: Makarenko Maksim S. , Gavrilova Vera A.
Published: March 2023

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus), which belongs to the family of Asteraceae, is a crop grown worldwide for consumption by humans and livestock. Interspecific hybridization is widespread for sunflowers both in wild populations and commercial breeding. The current dataset comprises 250 bp and 76 paired-end NGS reads for six interspecific sunflower hybrids (F1). The dataset aimed to expand Helianthus species genomic information and benefit genetic research, and is useful in alloploids’ features investigations and nuclear–organelle interactions studies. Mitochondrial genomes of perennial sunflower hybrids H. annuus × H. strumosus and H. annuus × H. occidentalis were assembled and compared with parental forms.
Evaluation of Celligent® Biomimetic Water Gradient Contact Lens Effects on Ocular Surface and Subjective Symptoms
Authors: Capote-Puente Raúl , Sánchez-González José-María , Sánchez-González María Carmen , Bautista-Llamas María-José
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the non-invasive and subjective symptoms associated with Lehfilcon A water gradient silicone hydrogel contact lenses with bacterial and lipid resistance technology. A prospective, longitudinal, single-centre, self-controlled study was conducted among silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers. Non-invasive analysis of the pre-lens tear film was performed using the Integrated Clinical Platform (ICP) Ocular Surface Analyzer (OSA), and the meibomian glands were evaluated with the Cobra® HD infrared meibographer. After 30 days of contact lens wear, the subjects were re-evaluated to determine the changes in conjunctival redness, subjective dry eye disease, tear meniscus height, lipid pattern, and non-invasive break-up time. Results showed that the lipid layer thickness decreased significantly from 2.05 ± 1.53 to 0.92 ± 1.09 Guillon patterns, and the tear meniscus height decreased from 0.21 ± 0.04 to 0.14 ± 0.03. The mean pre-lens non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) significantly increased from 15.19 ± 9.54 to 25.31 ± 15.81 s. The standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Disease (SPEED) score also decreased from 7.39 ± 4.39 to 5.53 ± 4.83. The results suggest that Lehfilcon A significantly reduced lipid and aqueous tear film volume but improved break-up time and subjective dry eye symptoms.
Highlights on Genetic Polymorphism Associated with Thromboembolic Risk; Implications in Ophthalmic and Autoimmune Disorders—A Review
Authors: Romanitan Mihaela Oana , Popa-Cherecheanu Matei , Vasile Victor Andrei , Stanca Simona , Iancu George , Zemba Mihail , Branisteanu Daniel , Iancu Raluca , Pirvulescu Ruxandra Angela
Published: March 2023

The present paper explores genetic polymorphism and its association with thromboembolic retinal venous disorders, such as central/hemi-retinal vein occlusion, as well as possible correlations with other ocular findings, such as closed angle glaucoma, but also with autoimmune general disorders. In this review, we are highlighting the importance of establishing a correspondence between all of the above, since they all have complex etiopathogeneses; sometimes, when all coexist together, they could generate effects that may be very difficult to manage. There are studies supporting that genetic polymorphism, such as the variant MTHFR A1298C, may increase the risk for developing glaucoma, especially in the heterozygote model. Being aware of all these aspects may prove to be useful in patients with several associated diseases, as a combined effort between several medical specialties may prove to the benefit of these patients. Our review, completed with an exemplifying clinical case, shows that it is necessary to raise awareness of all aspects of a complex medical situation, including the genetic one, of a patient being at risk for thromboembolic episodes, for preventing them or managing them promptly and properly in the future.
Multimodality Imaging of COVID-19 Using Fine-Tuned Deep Learning Models
Authors: Almuayqil Saleh , Abd El-Ghany Sameh , Shehab Abdulaziz
Published: March 2023

In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, many studies have been undertaken to provide assistive recommendations to patients to help overcome the burden of the expected shortage in clinicians. Thus, this study focused on diagnosing the COVID-19 virus using a set of fine-tuned deep learning models to overcome the latency in virus checkups. Five recent deep learning algorithms (EfficientB0, VGG-19, DenseNet121, EfficientB7, and MobileNetV2) were utilized to label both CT scan and chest X-ray images as positive or negative for COVID-19. The experimental results showed the superiority of the proposed method compared to state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, and data access time.
Joint Methodology Based on Optical Densitometry and Dynamic Light Scattering for Liver Function Assessment
Authors: Karseeva Elina , Kolokolnikov Ilya , Medvedeva Ekaterina , Savchenko Elena
Published: March 2023

A pressing health problem, both in clinical and socio-economic terms, is the increase in the number of patients with liver damage caused by viral diseases (hepatitis), cancer, toxicological damage, or metabolic disorders. Liver function assessment is a complex task, for which various existing diagnostic methods are used. Unfortunately, they all have several limitations which frequently make prompt and accurate diagnosis impossible. The high level of disability and mortality caused by liver diseases makes the development of new liver diagnostic methods very urgent. In this paper, we describe a new joint methodology for studying liver function based on optical densitometry and dynamic light scattering. This will help to diagnose and predict the dynamics of liver function during treatment with greater efficiency, due to including in consideration the individual characteristics of the cardiovascular system and tissue metabolism. In this paper, we present a laboratory model of a combined sensor for optical densitometry and dynamic light scattering. We also developed special software for controlling the sensor and processing the recorded data. Modeling experiments and physical medical studies were carried out to adjust and calibrate the sensor and software. We also assessed the sensor resolution when registering the concentration of dye in the human body and the minimum measured flow rate.
Optimum Flight Height for the Control of Desert Locusts Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)
Authors: Ochieng’ Violet , Rwomushana Ivan , Ong’amo George , Ndegwa Paul , Kamau Solomon , Makale Fernadis , Chacha Duncan , Gadhia Kush , Akiri Morris
Published: March 2023

Desert locust is one of the most destructive migratory pest in the world. Current methods of control rely on conventional chemical insecticides during invasion. Some environmentally friendly biopesticides based on Metarhizium acridum and insect growth regulators have also been deployed in preventive control operations. They have been tested in sprayers mounted on commonly used platforms such as vehicles, aircraft, and human. However, despite being used successfully, these tools present many challenges, hence the need to supplement them with suitable alternatives. The successful use of drones to control pests such as fall armyworm, planthoppers, aphids, among others, makes it an attractive technology that has the potential to improve locust management, especially in inaccessible areas. However, key parameters for the safe and optimal use of drones in desert locust control are not documented. This study established the key parameters for spraying desert locusts with a drone. To test the optimum height for spraying Metarhizium acridum on the locusts, the drone was flown at five different heights: 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 m. At each height, the drone sprayed the ink mixture on spray cards pinned to the ground to approximate the droplet density and compare it to the standard droplet density recommended for desert locust control. To assess the efficacy of M. acridum and the effectiveness of drones in its application, 50 g of spores were mixed in 1 L of diesel and sprayed on caged live locusts of different stages (3rd and 4th instars, as well as the adults); they were monitored for twenty-one days in a controlled room, and their mortality was determined. Variation in droplet density between the tested heights was significant. A height of 10 m agrees with the recommended standard droplet density within the 45 droplets/cm2 range. Mortality varied among the locusts’ developmental stages within and between heights. Survival probability varied between heights for 3rd instar, 4th instar, and adults. All the developmental stages of the desert locust were susceptible to Novacrid and the recommended target stage is the 3rd instar. Management of desert locusts by the use of drone technology appears promising when the pesticides are applied at an optimum height and standard operating procedures are followed. Further research could explore the gap in the effects of environmental parameters on flight application efficiency.
The Stochastic Structural Modulations in Collapsing Maccari’s Model Solitons
Authors: Abdelwahed H. G. , Alsarhana A. F. , El-Shewy E. K. , Abdelrahman Mahmoud A. E.
Published: March 2023

The two-dimensional Maccari nonlinear system performs the energy and wave dynamical features in fiber communications and modern physical science as hydrodynamic and space plasma. Several new forms of solutions for the Maccari’s model are constructed by a unified solver method that mainly depends on He’s variations method. The obtained solutions identify new wave stochastic structures with important features in energy physics such as rational explosive, breather, dispersive, explosive dissipated, dark solitons and blow-up (shock structure). It was elucidated that the random effects amend the energy wave strength or the collapsing due to model medium turbulence. Finally, the produced stochastic structures may be vital in some of these relationships between dispersions, nonlinearity and dissipative effects. The predominant energy waves that are collapsing or being forced may be applied to electrostatic auroral Langmuir structures and energy-generating ocean waves.
Genome-Wide Analysis of DREB Family Genes and Characterization of Cold Stress Responses in the Woody Plant Prunus nana
Authors: Qian Cheng , Li Lulu , Guo Huanhuan , Zhu Gaopu , Yang Ning , Tan Xiaoyan , Zhao Han
Published: March 2023

Dehydration response element binding factor (DREB) is a family of plant-specific transcription factors, whose members participate in the regulation of plant responses to various abiotic stresses. Prunus nana, also known as the wild almond, is a member of the Rosaceae family that is rare and found to grow in the wild in China. These wild almond trees are found in hilly regions in northern Xinjiang, and exhibit greater drought and cold stress resistance than cultivated almond varieties. However, the response of P. nana DREBs (PnaDREBs) under low temperature stress is still unclear. In this study, 46 DREB genes were identified in the wild almond genome, with this number being slightly lower than that in the sweet almond (Prunus dulcis cultivar ‘Nonpareil’). These DREB genes in wild almond were separated into two classes. All PnaDREB genes were located on six chromosomes. PnaDREB proteins that were classified in the same groups contained specific shared motifs, and promoter analyses revealed that PnaDREB genes harbored a range of stress-responsive elements associated with drought, low-temperature stress, light responsivity, and hormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements within their promoter regions. MicroRNA target site prediction analyses also suggested that 79 miRNAs may regulate the expression of 40 of these PnaDREB genes, with PnaDREB2. To examine if these identified PnaDREB genes responded to low temperature stress, 15 of these genes were selected including seven homologous to Arabidopsis C-repeat binding factor (CBFs), and their expression was assessed following incubation for 2 h at 25 °C, 5 °C, 0 °C, −5 °C, or −10 °C. In summary, this analysis provides an overview of the P. nana PnaDREB gene family and provides a foundation for further studies of the ability of different PnaDREB genes to regulate cold stress responses in almond plants.
Implementation of Exome Sequencing in Clinical Practice for Neurological Disorders
Authors: Alvarez-Mora María Isabel , Rodríguez-Revenga Laia , Jodar Meritxell , Potrony Miriam , Sanchez Aurora , Badenas Celia , Oriola Josep , Villanueva-Cañas José Luis , Muñoz Esteban , Valldeoriola Francesc , Cámara Ana , Compta Yaroslau , Carreño Mar , Martí María Jose , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Madrigal Irene
Published: March 2023

Neurological disorders (ND) are diseases that affect the brain and the central and autonomic nervous systems, such as neurodevelopmental disorders, cerebellar ataxias, Parkinson’s disease, or epilepsies. Nowadays, recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics strongly recommend applying next generation sequencing (NGS) as a first-line test in patients with these disorders. Whole exome sequencing (WES) is widely regarded as the current technology of choice for diagnosing monogenic ND. The introduction of NGS allows for rapid and inexpensive large-scale genomic analysis and has led to enormous progress in deciphering monogenic forms of various genetic diseases. The simultaneous analysis of several potentially mutated genes improves the diagnostic process, making it faster and more efficient. The main aim of this report is to discuss the impact and advantages of the implementation of WES into the clinical diagnosis and management of ND. Therefore, we have performed a retrospective evaluation of WES application in 209 cases referred to the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona for WES sequencing derived from neurologists or clinical geneticists. In addition, we have further discussed some important facts regarding classification criteria for pathogenicity of rare variants, variants of unknown significance, deleterious variants, different clinical phenotypes, or frequency of actionable secondary findings. Different studies have shown that WES implementation establish diagnostic rate around 32% in ND and the continuous molecular diagnosis is essential to solve the remaining cases.
Digital Unfading of Chromogenic Film Informed by Its Spectral Densities
Authors: Chatterjee Sreya , Trumpy Giorgio , Ruedel Ulrich
Published: March 2023

A material-based approach for the digital restoration of chromogenic photographic and film materials affected by dye fading is proposed. Through a digital reconstruction of the original optical properties, the proposed restoration methodology approximates the original color appearance in a non-subjective manner, thus improving the results compared to conventional RGB tonal re-adjustment of the film scan both in terms of quality and presumed faithfulness to original appearance. In order to do so, the degree of fading is derived from neutral black parts of the film’s image content, and the knowledge of the film material’s spectral densities is used to digitally reconstruct the colors corresponding to the material’s original dye concentrations and render them in an RGB space. For a comparison, results from conventional re-grading were adjusted to render them most similar—and thus comparable—to the results of the proposed spectrally informed digital unfading. The restored images obtained through spectrally informed unfading were deemed clearly superior in terms of color subtlety, color faithfulness and coherence.