bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weak Convergence for Markov Processes on Discrete State Spaces
Authors: Lam Hoang-Chuong
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the weak convergence of Markov processes on discrete state spaces under the assumption that the transition intensities converge to a constant. Additionally, the research determines the limits of higher-order moments of the Markov process, which are utilized to prove the existence of limit theorems.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL HÁBITAT Y DETERMINANTES DE LA PREÑADILLA (Astroblepus Sp.), EN EL RÍO PUMACUNCHI CANTÓN SAQUISILÍ, PROVINCIA DE COTOPAXI
Authors: Garzón Jarrín Rafael , Granja Andino Sofía , Clavijo Fernández Jessica
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación tiene la importancia de preservar la preñadilla (Astroblepus Sp.), como un bioindicador de conservación de la biodiversidad. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el hábitat de la preñadilla en la cuenca del río Pumacunchi en los años 2018-2019, en torno a los impactos antrópicos producidos por las comunidades aledañas. El estudio se efectuó bajo un enfoque cualitativo, diseño exploratorio-descriptivo, tomando en cuenta las condiciones climáticas, temperatura y nivel de agua del río. En campo se trabajó con 22 cuadrantes de 20 m de largo con márgenes de 20 cm. El análisis físico/químico del río se realizó mediante análisis microbiológicos con la ayuda de mediciones del caudal del agua con un molinete OTZ-400 de fabricación alemana, dando como resultado 0.36 m3/seg del río. Los datos se procesaron y analizaron mediante pruebas de laboratorio y observación directa en campo. Dentro de los resultados se encontraron 170 preñadillas distribuidas a lo largo de la cuenca del río entre pequeñas, medianas y grandes. El agua tuvo un pH de 7.34 y oxígeno disuelto en el agua de 4.00mg/l en una superficie ligera del caudal, finalmente subrayando la importancia de preservar la preñadilla tiene un impacto que la modelización de la distribución de la preñadilla tiene una relevancia aún mayor porque mejoran la comprensión de las dinámicas poblacionales y los requerimientos de hábitat de especies específicas.
GENERACIÓN DE BIOGÁS MEDIANTE DESECHOS SÓLIDOS DE GANADO BOVINO EN LA ESTACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL TUNSHI
Authors: Ortega-Castro John , Herrera-Brunett Gerardo Antonio , Frey_E Catherine
Published: February 2025

En la Estación Experimental Tunshi (EET – ESPOCH), se encuentra ubicada una planta de ordeño de ganado bovino, los residuos orgánicos del ganado que se acumulan a diario en el establo son desechados mediante el proceso de lavado sin darle ningún uso; el objetivo de la investigación fue aprovechar estos residuos para la producción de biogás buscando establecer un manejo eficiente y de esta manera aportar a la sostenibilidad ambiental; la metodología incluyó: la localización y condiciones climatológicas del área de estudio, recolección y caracterización de los residuos mediante pruebas fisicoquímicas de los residuos (sólidos totales, potencial de hidrógeno, conductividad eléctrica, nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio, magnesio), el diseño y construcción de un biodigestor; los resultados establecieron que  en función de los datos climatológicos, la materia orgánica disponible y la proporción de la mezcla la necesidad de un biodigestor tipo tubular de flujo continuo cuya capacidad sea de 7 m³, obteniéndose a partir de un volumen de 0.1733 m³/día de la mezcla (materia orgánica y agua) la producción de 0.5 m³/día de biogás, valor de biogás ligeramente inferior al teórico calculado debido fundamentalmente a la influencia de bajas temperaturas en la EET-ESPOCH; se recomienda tecnificar el proceso de recolección de residuos, y promover procesos de capacitación a los agricultores para facilitar el empleo de esta tecnología, maximizando su impacto en la economía y mejorar la gestión ambiental de la localidad; este trabajo establece las bases para futuras investigaciones sobre el biogás, su potencial en la generación de energía y su papel en la agricultura sostenible.
EVALUACIÓN DE LAS PROPIEDADES FISICAS Y QUIMÍCAS DE FORMULACIONES DE YOGUR GRIEGO HIPOCALÓRICO CON MERMELADA DE KIWI (Actinidia deliciosa)
Authors: Cargua Alcocer María José , López Sampedro Sandra Elizabeth , Erazo Rodríguez Fredy Patricio
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo la evaluación nutricional de diferentes formulaciones de yogur griego con mermelada de kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) empleando diferentes edulcorantes (azúcar, stevia, aspartame y sucralosa) para reducir el aporte calórico, para esto se dividieron los ensayos en cuatro tratamientos, con cuatro repeticiones cada uno. Para el tratamiento estadístico se utilizó el programa estadístico InfoStat, aplicando un diseño completamente al Azar (DCA), con la prueba de Tukey (P ≤0,05), mientras que para el análisis sensorial se utilizó la prueba de Friedman. Se caracterizaron los productos mediante análisis físicos, químicos como densidad, pH, acidez, proteína, grasa, carbohidratos y aporte calórico; mientras que para el análisis microbiológico se evaluó Escherichia coli, mohos y levaduras; asimismo, para el análisis sensorial se aplicó una prueba afectiva con una escala hedónica de 5 puntos, con 100 panelistas. El tratamiento con mejor características fue aquel donde se empleó como edulcorante el aspartame; reportando valores para densidad (1.05g/ml), acidez (0.59 %m/m), pH (4.61), proteína (6.21 %m/m), grasa (4.55 %m/m), carbohidratos (1.49 %m/m) y un reducido aporte calórico (71.72Kcal), en cuando al análisis microbiológico, todos los tratamientos mostraron ausencia de E. coli, mohos y levaduras; en el análisis sensorial, el tratamiento con mayor aceptabilidad por parte de los panelistas fue el tratamiento con stevia como edulcorante ya que tuvo una mayor puntuación en su sabor. Concluyendo que el tratamiento con mayor aceptabilidad sensorial fue con stevia y aspartame.
MODELADO Y SIMULACIÓN DE BIORREACTORES PARA ESTIMAR LA CONCENTRACIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS EN PROCESOS FERMENTATIVOS USANDO EL SIMULINK DEL MATLAB
Authors: Tapia Molina Juan Carlos , Mena Pástor Paulina Gabriela , Tapia Borja Alexandra Isabel
Published: February 2025

El modelado y simulación de biorreactores son fundamentales para optimizar los procesos, mejorando la calidad y eficiencia de productos biotecnológicos. El objetivo de la investigación fue modelar y simular un biorreactor continuo de mezclado perfecto (CSTR) en Simulink de Matlab para procesos fermentativos, considerando variables clave como velocidad específica de crecimiento, velocidad de dilución, concentración másica de microorganismos en la alimentación. El modelo matemático dinámico fue implementado utilizando el método de Laplace en Simulink, integrando ecuaciones diferenciales que describen el comportamiento del sistema. La simulación incluyó la representación de cambios en la concentración de microorganismos mediante una entrada tipo escalón, alcanzando una concentración de 11.25 g/L después de 0.9 horas con respecto a la concentración real de 11 g/L. Esta simulación permitió evaluar la evolución de la concentración de microorganismos en función del tiempo y analizar el impacto de parámetros clave como la velocidad específica de crecimiento () y de muerte (​), la velocidad de dilución (D), las concentraciones másicas de microorganismos en la alimentación () y en el flujo de salida (​), el flujo volumétrico (F). Los resultados demostraron que la simulación modela el comportamiento de la concentración de los microorganismos, obteniendo un error relativo de 2.27%, lo que avala la confiabilidad del modelo para prever la evolución de las concentraciones a lo largo del tiempo.
ANÁLISIS DE CALIDAD DE FUENTES DE CAPTACIÓN DE AGUA EN EL BARRIO LA LIBERTAD, PARROQUIA SAN JUAN DE PASTOCALLE
Authors: Ruiz Pomasqui Consuelo del Pilar , Mena Maisincho Eimer Gregorio , Parra Zurita Jennifer Carolina , Parra Zurita Dolores Jaqueline
Published: February 2025

La calidad del agua, la salud y el crecimiento económico están estrechamente relacionados y son esenciales para el bienestar humano y el desarrollo sostenible. El presente estudio analiza la calidad del agua en las fuentes de captación del sector La Libertad en la parroquia San Juan de Pastocalle, con el propósito de establecer mapas de Calidad Ambiental y así determinar la distribución de contaminantes en las diferentes localidades. Se realizaron análisis fisicoquímicos en cinco puntos de muestreo, los resultados indican que el agua presenta variaciones significativas en su calidad superando ampliamente los límites recomendados por el acuerdo Ministerial N°097-A (2015), el índice de calidad del agua (ICA en base a la comisión Nacional del Agua CONAGUA - México) y los parámetros de la National Sanitation Foundation (NSF - EEUU). De este modo, en Curipugyo, el pH es ácido (5.90), en Bellavista la conductividad eléctrica (186 ms/cm), lo que afecta a la potabilidad de la misma. Además, los valores de la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) en la zona de Eucalipto alcanzan hasta 877 mg/L, lo que evidencia una alta presencia de materia orgánica y contaminación; asimismo, los niveles de oxígeno disuelto (OD) son críticos en algunos puntos (2.88 mg/L en Chiriaco), lo que sugiere la presencia de condiciones de eutrofización. Aunque los parámetros como los sólidos disueltos (119 mg/L), la salinidad (0.11 PSU), turbiedad (70 NTU) y nitratos (2 mg/L) están dentro de rangos aceptables, la contaminación orgánica y las condiciones ácidas de la fuente de captación hacen necesario adoptar estrategias de restauración ecológica como la revegetación con especies locales para contribuir a mejorar la calidad del recurso hídrico en los sectores de La Libertad.
EVALUACIÓN ESPACIO TEMPORAL DE LA COBERTURA VEGETAL MEDIANTE IMÁGENES SATELITALES LANDSAT 8 EN LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE COTOPAXI, CAMPUS SALACHE ENTRE LOS AÑOS 2015 AL 2024
Authors: Chicaiza Tipanguano Alex Mauricio , Carrera Molina David Santiago
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la evolución de la cobertura vegetal en el Campus Salache, utilizando el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) mediante imágenes satelitales Landsat 8. La metodología incluyó la delimitación del área de estudio siendo un total de 89.43 hectáreas, la descarga y procesamiento de las imágenes fueron desde el 2015 hasta el 2024, además se procedió hacer el cálculo del NDVI para identificar la salud y la productividad de los cultivos. Se aplicaron técnicas como la extracción por máscara y clasificación supervisada, asimismo se analizó los cambios en la cobertura vegetal. Los resultados mostraron que el área de infraestructura aumentó de 1.130 ha en el 2015 a 1.477 ha en el 2024, lo que representa un incremento de 0.347 ha, mientras que el área de cultivo disminuyó de 4.359 ha a 4.012 ha, evidenciando una reducción de 0.347 ha. El análisis de tendencias reveló que, algunas zonas mostraron mejoras en la salud de la cobertura vegetal, las áreas más altas enfrentaron un aumento en el suelo desnudo y plantas enfermas. En conclusión, la investigación destacó la efectividad de las intervenciones de conservación en ciertas áreas, pero también subrayó la necesidad de un manejo adaptativo para abordar los problemas en las zonas más vulnerables. La evaluación del NDVI y el análisis de tendencias nos resalta la importancia de continuar con estrategias de gestión sostenible para mitigar la pérdida por lo que es fundamental dar un monitoreo para ajustar las prácticas que favorecen los ecosistemas agrícolas.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE EXPEDIENCY OF CREATING AN INTEGRATED SAFETY SYSTEM AT EXPLOSION AND FIRE-HAZARDOUS ENTERPRISES
Authors: Gvozdev Evgeniy
Published: February 2025

The rationale for the expediency of creating an integrated safety system at explosion- and fire-hazardous enterprises is presented. In the organizational management system, which has an informal nature of interaction between the management body and managed facilities, it becomes necessary to take into account the shortcomings (errors) of personnel for certain types of safety (fire and industrial safety, labor protection), performing the function of monitoring compliance with the established requirements of regulatory legal acts and regulatory documents in relation to personnel who are part of the production structural divisions at explosion- and fire-hazardous enterprises. An example is demonstrated with the display of scenarios with flaws (errors) in one of the types of safety (fire and industrial safety, labor protection), confirming the facts of damage to other interacting individual types of safety.
A MODEL OF FREE CONVECTION IN ABOVEGROUND VERTICAL FIRE TANKS WITH AN INTERNAL FLUE
Authors: Krutolapov Alexander , Kuzmin Anatoly , Romanov Nikolay
Published: February 2025

It is proposed to install a flue that passes through a vertical reservoir from bottom to top and is connected to the facility's climate system, which allows the use of residual thermal energy of the outgoing airflow, which prevents freezing of the remaining water supply. It is shown that effective optimization involves the use of the results of full-scale or mathematical modeling of heat transfer processes in the tank, as well as inside the flue, tank walls and thermal insulation layers. The field of full-scale and numerical modeling included two liquids (water inside the tank and air inside the flue), an internal steel wall and a polyurethane insulating material covered with
an external protective steel shell, as well as an external airspace. The numerical solution was obtained using the CFD code ANES for the entire domain by discretizing the control equations using finite volume methods. The proposed numerical model can be used to describe in detail the thermal phenomena occurring inside a fire tank with an internal flue and predict the thermal and hydrodynamic parameters of the structure under study.
SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE GENERALIZED CRITERION FOR THE SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
Authors: Sytdykov Maxim , Ivanov Andrey
Published: February 2025

One of the main technical means of extinguishing fires at oil and gas industry facilities are fire extinguishing installations using pulsed powder extinguishing modules in their design. The technical efficiency of pulsed powder extinguishing modules in their design
is understood as their ability to eliminate fires with the lowest consumption of extinguishing agents and the absence of re-ignition.
The efficiency of the pulsed powder extinguishing modules in their design is influenced by a number of technical parameters, the main of which is the displacement of extinguishing agents from the housing by creating excessive pressure due to the injection of compressed air or combustion of gas-generating elements. Thus, the choice of the preferred type of such an element of the installation design as the pulsed powder extinguishing modules in their design directly affects the efficiency of the installation as a whole.
In order to confirm or refute the results of an earlier assessment of the significance of the technical parameters of the pulsed powder extinguishing modules in their design by the expert assessment method, it became necessary to use well-known mathematical methods. To this end, in the article, the authors applied an integrated approach to selecting the most effective pulsed powder extinguishing modules in their design sample for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of fire extinguishing installations.
ASSESSMENT OF FIRE HAZARD OF POLYMER WASTE DURING TRANSPORTATION BY RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Authors: Abdullaeva Milana , Koroleva Lyudmila , Ivakhnyuk Grigory
Published: February 2025

Plastics account for the majority of the fire load in residential and commercial buildings. As polymeric materials are poorly degradable, polymer waste disposal represents
a serious and long-term environmental problem. As a promising rail freight, the polymer fraction
of municipal solid waste requires further study to determine transport conditions and fire safety solutions. The NETZSCH STA 449 F3 Jupiter® synchronous thermal analysis (combined thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry) evaluated the mass loss at different temperatures of polymer waste samples: low-pressure polyethylene, high-pressure polyethylene, elastic polyurethane foam and polyvinyl chloride. The obtained results allow estimating the fire hazard of the polymeric fraction of municipal solid waste. It is reasonable to use them to determine the conditions of transport and justify the fire safety requirements for transporting polymeric waste by railway transport.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF INTEGRATION OF THE SYSTEMS OF PREVENTION AND ELIMINATION OF CROSS-BORDER EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF THE UNION STATES
Authors: Schetka Vladimir , Antyukhov Valery , Zavodskov Gennadiy , Konchakov Sergey
Published: February 2025

The analysis of the current state of interaction between EMERCOM of Russia and EMERCOM of the Republic of Belarus in responding to cross-border emergencies is carried out. The main problems of information interaction in decision-making on responding to cross-border emergencies are highlighted. Solutions to problematic issues based on the creation of a unified information space and the construction of a management system based on the implementation of a network-centric approach are proposed.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY FOR MONITORING AND FORECASTING THE DANGEROUS EFFECTS OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND SHIPS ON THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE ZONES OF THEIR JOINT INFLUENCE
Authors: Mal'chikov Konstantin
Published: February 2025

The article describes a comprehensive methodology for monitoring and forecasting the hazardous effects of emissions from motor vehicles and recreational vessels in zones of their joint influence. The methodology is based on updated information on the structure of the traffic flow and the intensity of traffic of vehicles and vessels in the historical center of St. Petersburg and on the use of pollutant emission factors for accounting categories of cars, single-deck passenger ships and small vessels obtained experimentally. The results of the approbation of the developed methodology showed that near the surveyed sections of highways, the calculated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide can reach values from 1,89 to 7,22 of the maximum permissible concentration, and carbon monoxide
from 1,40 to 3,49 of the maximum permissible concentration, which may pose a risk to the health of the population of Saint-Petersburg.
FEATURES OF ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF A HYDROGEN FILLING STATION DURING THEIR OPERATION
Authors: Egorov Adrey
Published: February 2025

The article discusses the operation of a hydrogen refueling station. Measures to ensure the fire safety of the specified object of protection are proposed. A comparison of a hydrogen filling station and an automotive gas filling station is carried out in terms of design features, fire safety, as well as the operation of facilities. Special attention is paid to the storage of hydrogen, as well as ensuring the safety of the object of protection. The process of refueling vehicles is considered, and methods of protection against explosive and fire-hazardous situations are proposed using the example of the design features of the construction and work of employees of a hydrogen filling station. The economic effect of measures to reduce the fire hazard of hydrogen filling stations is analyzed.
ASSESSMENT OF RISKS FOR EMPLOYEES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE EVENT OF EMERGENCIES AND FIRES
Authors: Rashoyan Irina
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper is to make a general assessment of risks in Russian industry during emergencies and fires in order to identify the general trend of their development and determine the directions of subsequent risk analysis in individual industrial sectors and economic facilities. The article collects and analyses statistical data on the number of fires and emergencies in Russian industry in recent years. The basic approach used in determining the main indicators of risk in emergencies and fires is outlined. The results of the study are given, which show that for the period 2017–2021 the risk of fires and emergencies increases annually. At the same time, the number of people working at the production facilities and the total number of industrial enterprises decreases. The risk of injury to the personnel of industrial facilities and the risk of their death in a fire increases annually. In general, the indicators of the risk of death and the risk of being injured in an emergency during the study period also increased significantly. The results of the work show that in order to identify specific ways to reduce the risk of fires and emergencies in Russian industry, it is necessary to further analyse the statistics and causes of risks for individual industrial sectors or economic facilities.
ESTIMATE OF THE DIMENSIONS OF THE GASIFICATION ZONE ON THE WATER SURFACE WHEN AN UNDERWATER GAS WELL IS FLOWING
Authors: Petrova Yuliya , Gamera Yury , Durum Anastasiia
Published: February 2025

The article considers the process of the spread of gas emissions on the sea surface when a gas well with an underwater head is accidently flowing. A new express-method for calculating the boundaries of the gasification zone formed by gas exiting the water surface is described. The method is based on a series of computational experiments in the software complex «Toxi+Risk» with subsequent approximation of the obtained results.
MECHANICAL SUPPORT FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS IN UNDERGROUND MINING
Authors: Nikitenko Sergey , Kizilov Sergey , Malakhov Yuriy
Published: February 2025

. One of the urgent tasks for rescuers is the prompt elimination of the consequences of collapses in mine workings in order to save miners and restore the normal functioning of the mining enterprise. The article discusses the issues of improving the efficiency of emergency rescue operations in underground mine workings, taking into account the possibility of maximizing the time period of isolation of victims as a result of various roof rock collapses. The authors have reviewed the designs of various mechanical devices to facilitate the dismantling of blockages, the movement of heavy loads by rescuers along vertical and inclined workings. As a technical device that provides effective protection of rescuers from roof collapse during the analysis of blockages in underground mine workings, it is proposed to use a mechanical prefabricated modular type fastener consisting of a mechanical module – a support-enclosing type device, a module for rolling back rock during the analysis of blockages, as well as an emergency communication module. To perform the work, the authors used methods of physical modeling and prototyping of a future device sample implemented in its design; experiments in the form of laboratory tests.
The authors concluded that the use of a mechanical prefabricated module in the analysis of blockages provides constant support for the roof, which reduces the risk of its collapse, creating a safe workspace for soldiers of paramilitary mountain rescue units.
ASSESSMENT OF THE DEFORMATION HEAT RESISTANCE OF FIBERGLASS SAMPLES OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Authors: Andryushkin Alexander , Izyumova Elizaveta , Kadochnikova Elena
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of a study assessing the deformation heat resistance of unidirectionally reinforced fiberglass samples taking into account increased bending stress.
Due to their high performance and mechanical properties, polymer composites are widely used in the manufacture of critical structures. Deformation heat resistance determines the reliability and safety of polymer composite structures. Based on the Martens method, a method for assessing the deformation heat resistance of composite samples with continuous reinforcement at increased bending stress of the sample is proposed. Based on the test results, thermomechanical curves were constructed and the deformation heat resistance of fiberglass samples with unidirectional continuous reinforcement was assessed at increased bending stresses of 5, 20, 35, 50, 65 MPa. Tests of fiberglass samples were carried out in the temperature range 20÷200 °C. Based on the inflections
on the thermomechanical curves, the valuesof the deformation heat resistance of unidirectionally reinforced fiberglass samples in the range of 160÷120 °C were determined. Polynomial dependences of deformation on temperature at various bending stresses of unidirectionally reinforced fiberglass samples were obtained. It is shown that the permissible deformation heat resistance of a polymer composite structure must be determined taking into account the stresses acting in it.
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE STATE FIRE SUPERVISION BODIES OF THE FEDERAL FIRE SERVICE FOR BRINGING TO ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR VIOLATIONS IN THE FIELD OF FIRE SAFETY IN 2023
Authors: Babushkin Mikhail , Bershov Ilya , Korchukova Anna
Published: February 2025

This article discusses and analyzes certain provisions and features of the organization and conduct of inspections in 2023 in the exercise of state control (supervision) and municipal control, as well as changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses, which had a significant impact on the total number of control supervisory measures carried out, which led an increase in federal budget revenues from administrative fines in 2023.
Statistics are provided on the number of cases initiated regarding administrative offenses in the field of fire safety in 2023, on the number of appealed and canceled decisions imposing administrative punishment, executed decisions on imposing administrative punishment, the number of planned and unscheduled control (supervisory) activities and issued orders to eliminate identified violations.
SOME ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
Authors: Zokoev Valery , Ivanov Konstantin , Hasanov Shakhlar
Published: February 2025

Currently, threats to the development of States and societies have reached an extremely high degree of danger. The UN notes the rapid growth of humanitarian crises that have overloaded the humanitarian system. The consequences of conflicts and emergencies negate the positive achievements of States. The solution of humanitarian crises is fully possible only if the causes of conflict are addressed. The mechanism of legal regulation of the coordination of humanitarian activities is a set of dynamically changing elements, including legal norms, legal instruments, a set of international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, international, national and local bodies and institutions, and a system for financing humanitarian assistance activities. The mechanism of assistance is socially significant, showing the social role of law. The provision of humanitarian assistance should be preceded by the eradication of the causes of disasters, for which we propose, within the framework of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, to allocate goal number 18 – «Eradication of the causes of conflict». The concept of compliance with national and international standards in the field under study is proposed, which will allow the implementation of a single mechanism for cooperation in providing assistance to the affected population. International norms should be based on the norms of morality and morality, including traditional values. When planning and providing humanitarian assistance, it is advisable to involve local authorities and the local population, since they better understand the specifics of the territories and the amount of necessary assistance. Within the framework of Russian legislation, it seems necessary to update the concept of humanitarian assistance, specify the principles of its provision, consolidate the procedure for interaction between the Russian side and other states and international organizations on humanitarian assistance, the specifics of humanitarian assistance in armed conflicts, the legal status of participants, in particular, employees of EMERCOM of Russia in providing humanitarian assistance in armed conflicts, the status of voluntary institutions, international non-governmental organizations, and the specifics of their activities. It is proposed to define a model of legal regulation of humanitarian assistance.
FUNDAMENTALS OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ACCORDING TO THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY
Authors: Kovaleva Natalia , Salnikov Alexander
Published: February 2025

Reforming production in the country at the present stage requires studying the experience of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries, when the industrial sector of the country's economy was formed in a fairly short period. A special role in this process was played by the state administration of industrial production, whose well-structured hierarchy allowed, on the one hand, the development of private property, and, on the other, the successful management of state-owned enterprises. The legislative acts adopted during this period created the basis for the successful implementation of control and supervisory functions, minimized the occurrence of adverse consequences at industrial facilities.
It seems most important to study the experience of public administration with a fairly extensive and diverse range of public relations that are present in the field of industrial production at the stage of formation in the Russian Empire of the period under study.
The purpose of the study is to identify the features of public administration that made it possible to transform from an agrarian country into an industrially developed country in a short time. To designate the powers of government bodies in the field of industrial production, whose activities were aimed at the development and implementation of control and supervisory measures at industrial facilities of the Russian empire.
Research methods: analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, historical method, historical and legal analysis.
The vertical system of industrial production management bodies in the Russian empire in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries with an extensive structure has shown its effectiveness. The diversity of state bodies in this area was justified, and their transformation in accordance with the set goals and objectively existing realities made it possible to control developing private production, as well as manage state-owned enterprises. This structure of government agencies has made it possible to collect the necessary information from all over the country in the most effective way in order to promptly change the current legislation in this area. Detailed regulation of a significant number of production processes made it possible to minimize adverse effects, and also created the basis for the implementation of control and supervisory measures by government agencies.
THE FIRST REGULATORY LEGAL ACTS IN THE FIELD OF «NORTHERN» GUARANTEES AND COMPENSATIONS FOR FIREFIGHTERS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Smirnova Anna , Nemchenko Stanislav , Zozulya Alexandr , Utkin Nikolay , Shenshin Victor , Sulima Timofey
Published: February 2025

The first Soviet normative legal acts in the field of «northern» guarantees and compensations for employees of fire organizations are considered. It is noted that for the first time social benefits for employees of fire organizations in the Far North were established in 1923, during the era of the beginning of economic development of remote northern territories. The only reason for receiving benefits was a business trip to work in remote areas. The analysis of the content and volume of benefits for employees of fire organizations in the Far North in the 20s of the XX century was carried out. The positions of fire protection workers who are entitled to additional benefits have been established. The conclusion is made about the special social significance of some intangible benefits.
ALEKSEEV S.S. ON THE VALUE OF LAW (SOME REFLECTIONS)
Authors: Suleymanov Bigruzi
Published: February 2025

The basic provisions of Sergey S. Alekseev's teaching on the value of law are revealed. Considerable attention is paid to the efforts of the famous jurist to substantiate law as a value under the domination of Marxist ideology. The merit of S.S. Alekseev was that he was able to prove the value of law in a society in which party acts predetermined the nature and content of legal rules, and law itself was considered a temporary, coming phenomenon. In the 90s of the last century, the researcher took a significant step towards overcoming methodological monism. The famous scientist moved away from totalitarian socialism and settled on the «true principles of Leninism», which led to a partial revision of the author's approach to the value of law. However, the real turn in S.S. Alekseev's views occurred in the 2000s. The scientist switched to the position of a universal type of legal understanding, questioning the basic provisions of the Marxist axiology of law. Based on various philosophical concepts, Sergei S. severely criticized the Soviet approach to law and legality.
He justified the value of law from other methodological positions.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LEGISLATION IN INDIA
Authors: Agarwal Mala , Gavrilenko Vladimir
Published: February 2025

Article is devoted to the issues of formation and development of the legislation of India, regulating the sphere of protection of nature and biological diversity of the country. National legislation of different periods is analyzed, starting from the end of the 19th century and ending with the beginning of the 21st century. The authors examine in detail the features of legal acts of different periods and indicate the trends of their development, change and improvement. Conclusions about Indian legal traditions in the sphere of environmental protectionare formulated.
Biodiversity is the variety and variability of living organisms and plants in a given area. At present time biodiversity is under threat due to development, overexploitation of natural resources and environmental pollution. To save the planet earth conservation of nature is now being discussed in almost all the international platform. India is a mega-biodiversity region and signatory of many international conventions to protect and conserve the nature. To follow these conventions, to save the biodiversity from global as well as local physical, climatic challenges and human interference, India has made many policies, passed many laws and enacted a number of acts to conserve the country’s nature. A lot of efforts have been made at government level, which is helping a lot to protect the nature for being degraded. The present paper summarises many of the acts passed by the Parliament of India to conserve biodiversity.
NOTIONS OF PERSONAL INTEREST AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A COMPARATIVE THEORETICAL AND LEGAL STUDY
Authors: Shtyrov Viktor
Published: February 2025

The theoretical and legal aspects of the development and changes in the concepts of personal interest and conflict of interest in the system of public administration of the Russian Federation are considered.
The constitutional and regulatory norms of public administration as a mechanism implementing public interests are considered, as well as possible situations where the emergence of personal interest threatens the objectivity of decisions and requires the introduction of effective regulatory mechanisms to maintain transparency and public confidence in the government.
Particular attention is paid to the law enforcement difficulties associated with the uncertainty of categories of intangible benefits, the circle of significant persons, as well as difficulties in identifying potential conflicts of interest.
The author proposes an amendment to part 2 of article 10 of Federal law № 273-FZ dated December 25, 2008 «On combating corruption», ways to solve these problems through the development of clear criteria for classifying intangible benefits, clarifying the circle of persons whose interests may be significant, and introducing models of situations that can prevent conflicts of interest, which contributes to increase transparency and objectivity in law enforcement activities.
MODELING OF THE STATE OF VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF HYDROCARBON MIXTURES BASED ON THE TWO-CONSTANT PENG-ROBINSON EQUATION
Authors: Kuzmin Anatoly , Permyakov Alexey , Romanov Nikolay
Published: February 2025

Problems arising when using Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation and initial Redlich-Kwong equation in the process of numerical modeling are analyzed. The possibility of using a simpler two-consonant Peng-Robinson equation in the modeling process was evaluated, which
at the same time will allow to obtain better results than using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation. An algorithm for calculating the parameters of the state of the hydrocarbon mixture has been formed. The software implementation of the algorithm is made in the form of a Basic macro, using the LibreOffice Calc tabular processor interface, compatible with the Astpa Linux operating system. Comparison of the results of modeling the state of vapor-liquid equilibrium of a hydrocarbon mixture with experimental data allows us to conclude that the solutions are adequate in the formation of the corresponding mathematical model.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS FOR THE APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TOOLS TO ENSURE CYBERSECURITY OF ENERGY SECTOR FACILITIES
Authors: Izrailov Konstantin , Levshun Diana , Zelichenok Igor
Published: February 2025

The work focuses on developing scientific and technical proposals for using scientific and technical tools to analyze data on cybersecurity events. The problem divided into elements (parts-sets) consisting of various types of scientific and technical tools, the purposes of their application, the specifics of the energy sector and previously created components. A review of relevant works also highlighted the following specifics of the field: clustering, static infrastructure, standardization of objects, and determinism of processes, reduced stochasticity of processes, continuity of operation, and criticality for the country. The authors fully combined the elements to obtain the maximum possible set of proposal groups. The formulation of proposals, formally obtained from each group, is suggested. Each such group underwent analysis, identifying proposals applicable to the energy sector, and providing an interpretation.
ZERO-KNOWLEDGE CREDENTIALS AS A WAY TO MINIMIZE DATA LEAKS
Authors: Deshevov Pavel , Ukustov Sergey
Published: February 2025

Identification, authentication, and authorization processes can be conducted in various ways. Particular attention is given to the processes implemented within the self-sovereign identity paradigm. This paper analyses the processes from a data leak perspective. A comparison is made between self-sovereign identity and a centralized identity provider scheme. An overview of the relevant implementations for these processes is provided: in both the self-sovereign and non-sovereign paradigms. It has been found that, from the data leaks perspective, the self-sovereign identity scheme could only provide superior security if zero-knowledge proof technology is applied.
HARMONIZATION OF REGULATORY OBJECTIVES FOR PROTECTING OFFICIAL INFORMATION IN THE EMERCOM OF RUSSIA *Metel'kov Alexander N.
Authors: Metelkov Alexander
Published: February 2025

The protection of official information in the EMERCOM of Russia since the beginning of 2022 is due to the constant increase in cyber attacks on government and other information systems. The task of ensuring the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of information in the departmental digital information infrastructure is becoming increasingly urgent, not only from unauthorized access, but also from various destructive destabilizing effects of force and information leakage through technical channels. Technical channels can be used to collect the necessary data for successful computer attacks on the information infrastructure. Previously unknown threats are emerging with the use of hidden acoustic channels between isolated systems, inaudible to the human ear as a hidden channel in mobile devices. Due to the emergence of new threats associated with such leakage, it seems necessary to harmonize approaches to information protection, taking into account the generalization of approaches adopted by various federal executive authorities and state corporations. An analysis of regulatory legal acts in various departments shows increased attention to the technical protection of information, therefore, when organizing the protection of information of limited distribution in the EMERCOM of Russia, it is important to clarify internal approaches to ensuring its security.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE COMPOSITION INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES OF THE ACCESS NODE OF A SPECIAL (SANITARY) TRAIN USED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE UNIFIED STATE WARNING SYSTEM AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Authors: Gorbunov Alexey , Stepynin Dmitry , Bogdanov Alexander , Kazakevich Elena
Published: February 2025

JThe paper highlights the relevance and necessity of the formation and application of special (sanitary) trains as part of the unified state emergency prevention and response system, based on the current experience of their use, including during a special military operation.
In the course of the study, the list of information and telecommunication services of the access node for special (sanitary) trains of rescue military formations was determined. A variant is proposed for equipping a modernized reserved carriage with basic information and telecommunication services to diagnose the health status of people with limited mobility, and the composition of the main equipment of the access node of the staff carriage, in order to increase the effectiveness of medical and resuscitation measures at the evacuation stage of victims. The directions of the introduction of modern information and telecommunication technologies for the further development of tactical and technical specifications for the development work on the formation of the composition of the means of communication of the access node for special (sanitary) trains of rescue military units of EMERCOM of Russia during the elimination of the consequences of emergencies and natural disasters have been determined.
INVESTIGATION OF CHIP CEMENT BLOCKS TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF THERMAL IMPACT ON FIRE BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Claptyuk Irina , Krylov Dmitry , Belshina Yulia
Published: February 2025

Different types of cementing agents are used in the manufacturing of inorganic structural and finishing materials using a non-firing method. Cement is one of the most common. Modern technologies are aimed to improve the exploitative properties of building materials, such as heat and sound insulation, environmental friendliness, as well as reducing construction costs. Chip-cement block is a high-tech composite material of a new generation, which is currently becoming increasingly popular in Russia and around the world, and it is most often used in the construction of low-rise houses, cottages, i.e. mainly suburban housing projects. However, this category of objects has a fairly high probability of fires.
The article presents results of structure and composition changes analysis in the composite material based on a woodchip-cement mixture during heating, as well as a quantitative assessment of thermal damage degree. Infrared spectroscopy was chosen as a research method, as it is the most informative for studying various types of materials in fire-technical examination.
ASSESSMENT METHODS AND WAYS TO REDUCE INDIVIDUAL FIRE RISK DURING TRANSPORTATION OF FIRE AND EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES BY ROAD
Authors: Byzov Anton , Popova Yana
Published: February 2025

The article discusses approaches to assessing individual fire risk for a tanker truck driver and for people in a residential area near a highway when transporting fire and explosive substances by road. Special attention is paid to the practical aspects of reducing the risk of fire or explosion during the transportation of dangerous goods. When choosing measures to reduce the risk of transportation, the authors propose to take into account the influence of factors in all four directions of «driver-car-road-environment» simultaneously, since the use of a point-factor approach makes it possible to determine ways to reduce fire risk when transporting fire and explosive substances by road by assessing its changes taking into account the various effects of a system of factors. The results of the study can be useful for specialists in the field of fire safety, as well as for organizations involved in the transportation of fire and explosive substances.
ASSESSMENT METHODS AND WAYS TO REDUCE INDIVIDUAL FIRE RISK DURING TRANSPORTATION OF FIRE AND EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES BY ROAD
Authors: Tuzhikov Evgeniy , Kalent'ev Vladimir , Pahomov Georgiy
Published: February 2025

The paper examines the conditions and results of full-scale tests of an innovative gas and smoke protection safety complex, designed for rescuers to work in conditions of an environment unsuitable for breathing. The purpose of the work is to create a complex technical system designed to improve the efficiency of firefighters-rescuers when searching for victims and the source of a fire, orientation in conditions of low and «zero» visibility, as well as its testing in conditions close to real ones.
Research methods: analysis, observation, comparison, measurement, experiment, description.
Main provisions and results of the study: the technical result of the presented Complex lies in the possibility of increasing the efficiency of search operations at a fire and is achieved by the fact that a combined technical solution is proposed in the engineering emergency rescue multifunctional device.
Conclusions with justification of the scientific novelty of the results: the results of the first pilot tests of the Complex are presented.