bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Coronavirus Disease of 2019: Prevention, Management and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Egbe Nkechi E. , Onyedikachi Chukwu C. , Dantata Ashiru M. , Jamaliddeen Surajo , Awanye Amaka M.
Published: March 2021

The recent COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has taken the world by surprise since its outbreak in 2019, and as on February 2021, the world had experienced a total of 107,643,141 (one hundred and seven million, six hundred and forty-three thousand, one hundred and forty-one) confirmed infection cases and 2,358,244 (two million, three hundred and fifty-eight thousand, two hundred and forty-four) deaths world-wide. This virus, although less lethal than the previous human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV), is reported highly infectious and mutable. This has led to a concerted effort by numerous governments and private organisations to try and halt the spread of the virus through the development of highly effective therapeutic drugs or prophylactic therapy. There are various drugs, vaccines and other forms of therapies currently being developed all over the world, with some at various clinical trial stages, with only one (Remdesivir) being fully approved treatment of the COVID-19 disease. The latest breakthrough with Dexamethasone has currently revealed the efficacy of the drug in treating critically ill and even mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, and this has led to the approval of the drug by the United Kingdom and World Health Organization (WHO). The recent development of a protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has created hope for life and restoration of normalcy.
Development and Validation of rp-HPLC Method of Cabozantinib in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Pharmaceutical Dosage form
Authors: Chaudhary Amruta A. , Shelke Ashwini V. , Jadhav Anil G.
Published: March 2021

A specific, accurate rp-HPLC (reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic) method was developed for the quantification of Cabozantinib. The effective separation was achieved through reversed-phased C18 column 4.6 x 250 mm, 5µm using a mobile phase Methanol: phosphate buffer (ph. 3.00) with orthophosphoric acid (OPA) (55:45 % v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was found to be 0.8 mL/min. The detection was carried at a wavelength of 244 nm. The retention time of Cabozantinib was found to be 3.702 min. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9999. The developed method was accurately validated in the terms of accuracy, linearity range, precision, system suitability, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The details presented in this test will be useful for industrial application for determining Cabozantinib in active pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmaceutical dosage form.
BIMTEK DAN PENDAMPINGAN AKUNTABILITAS KEUANGAN BADAN KESWADAYAAN MASYARAKAT (BKM) DALAM MENGHADAPI PERSIAPAN AUDIT EKSTERNAL DI KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Respatia Wimba , Laily Nur , Riharjo Ikhsan Budi
Published: March 2021

Abstrak. Pendampingan BKM di Ketabang Mandiri sangat mendesak dalam kegiatan pencatatan laporan keuangan BKM sesuai dengan kerangka acuan PNPM Kotaku, dalam pembangunan kesejahteraan sosial di Kelurahan Ketabang, Kecamatan Genteng, Kota Surabaya, juga meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai perencanaan, kebijakan dan alur pengelolaan keuangan BKM dan KSM, karena kegiatan ini diperlukan dalam mengahdapi persiapan audit eksternal tahun buku 2019. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan selama 1 (satu ) bulan. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah Bimbingan teknis dan pendampingan. Hasil pengabdian adalah melaksanakan program menanggulangi kemiskinan yang bertujuan sebagai peningkatan kesejahteraan sosial yang dijalankan oleh BKM Kelurahan Ketabang dengan perencanaan jangka menengah melalui tiga program utama dalam kurun waktu tiga tahun, diantaranya Program Pemberdayaan Sosial, Program Asistensi dan Jaminan Sosial, dan Program Peningkatan Ekonomi Mikro dan Menengah. Dapat disimpulkan, program menanggulangi kemiskinan bagi kesejahteraan sosial di perkotaan ini, sebagai program pemerintah sebagai sasaran program dengan keterlibatan masyarakat secara langsung di tingkat kelurahan. Dalam menaggulangi kemiskinan dengan tahapan identifikasi kebutuhan, pelaksanaan rumusan permasalahan,merencanakan pelaksanaan kegiatan, melaksanakan pengawasan dan mengevaluasi, fungsi BKM yaitu menciptakan program pembangunan untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan di Kelurahan Ketabang Kecamatan Genteng,Kota Surabaya. Kata kunci: bkm, akuntabilitas, keuangan, audit
Review regarding the genomic evolution in sheep milk production and their application to improve the selection criteria
Authors: Lazăr Cristina , Gras Mihail Alexandru , Pelmu Rodica Ștefania , Rotar Cătălin Mircea , Popa Florin
Published: March 2021

Genomic era beginning in 2009 when a lot of studies were undertaken in small ruminants to revel the animal genomes and this new technology make possible this achievement with specific tools like ovine SNP chip. First countries with tradition in sheep production that participated and implemented this new technology for Genomic evaluation were Australia, New Zealand followed by France that applied genomics in dairy sheep and goats. Researches were made recently to fill the existent gap for sheep dairy breeds having in mind the examples from dairy cattle from United States of America. The complex mechanism of milk production involves many genes responsible with different tasks. Some of this genes had the expression in the mammary gland. Genomics helps a lot sheep breeders by minimizing genotyping cost with a better understanding of how to maximize benefits of genomic selection. To be able to accomplish worldwide foods necessities for human requirements, we must have in mind the demographic explosion, the climate change and the eminent crises that will appear soon, in agriculture and animal science and start to found sustainable solutions for these problems. Genomic information helps a lot to take the most appropriate decision when is all about how to select an animal that must be genetically conserved, avoiding the biased estimating breeding values and keeping the genetic diversity.
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photo/Electrocatalysis
Authors: Gao Junkuo , Huang Qing , Wu Yuhang , Lan Ya-Qian , Chen Banglin
Published: March 2021

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), constructed from metal clusters/ions and organic ligands, are ideal materials for photo/electrocatalysis, mainly due to the advantages of large surface areas, high porosity, and easily tunable optical and electronic structures. Herein, the recent and important advances on MOF‐based photo/electrocatalysts including pristine MOFs, MOF composites, and MOF derivatives are summarized. The novel strategies to improve the photo/electrocatalytic performances are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future development of MOFs for photo/electrocatalysis are discussed ad outlined.
Cognitive analysis in sports: Supporting match analysis and scouting through artificial intelligence
Authors: Pavitt Joe , Braines Dave , Tomsett Richard
Published: March 2021

In elite sports, there is an opportunity to take advantage of rich and detailed datasets generated across multiple threads of the sporting business. Challenges currently exist due to time constraints to analyse the data, as well as the quantity and variety of data available to assess. Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques can be a valuable asset in assisting decision makers in tackling such challenges, but deep AI skills are generally not held by those with rich experience in sporting domains. Here, we describe how certain commonly available AI services can be used to provide analytic assistance to sports experts in exploring, and gaining insights from, typical data sources. In particular, we focus on the use of Natural Language Processing and Conversational Interfaces to provide users with an intuitive and time‐saving toolkit to explore their datasets and the conclusions arising from analytics performed on them. We show the benefit of presenting powerful AI and analytic techniques to domain experts, showing the potential for impact not only at the elite level of sports, where AI and analytic capabilities may be more available, but also at a more grass‐roots level where there is generally little access to specialist resources. The work described in this paper was trialled with Leatherhead Football Club, a semi‐professional team that, at the time, were based in the English 7th tier of football.
Tri‐fold process integration leveraging high‐ and low‐temperature plasmas: From biomass to fertilizers with local energy and for local use
Authors: Sarafraz Mohammad M. , Tran Nam N. , Nguyen Hung , Fulcheri Laurent , Burton Rachel , Wadewitz Peter , Butler Gregory , Kirton Lawrence , Hessel Volker
Published: March 2021

In the present study, a series of thermochemical equilibrium modeling was conducted to assess the thermodynamic potential of biomass conversion to ammonia using thermal and nonthermal plasma at small‐ and large‐scale production. The system was designed and evaluated for five different locations in Australia including the Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia, and New South Wales using local biomass feedstock. The equilibrium modeling showed that the pathway of biomass to biomethane using an anaerobic digestion reactor, biomethane to hydrogen using a thermal plasma reactor, followed by conversion of hydrogen to ammonia via a nonthermal plasma reactor is a plausible route, by which the exergy efficiency of the process can be as high as ~60%. It is identified that the thermal plasma reactor required two distinct zones at 3000°C < T < 4000°C and 1500°C < T < 2500°C. The first zone aims at converting electric energy into very high temperature thermal flow while the second one enables to split methane molecules into solid carbon and hydrogen. The new ammonia process is also assessed from the viewpoint of the current industrial transformation, being accelerated by the post‐COVID economy, which moves toward local, resilient, integrated and self‐sufficient production under the umbrella of an emerging fractal economy. With respect to local production, the developed process is designed for a quick response to farm use and on‐time production in view of the demands of modern ICT‐sensor based precision agriculture. The proposed process was found to be flexible (“resilient”) against production scale, geographical location, price and type of feedstock, and source of renewable energy. The system was found to be flexible against different feedstock such as spent grape marc, mustard seed, bagasse, piggery and poultry. The system can be self‐sustained up to ~80% at T = 3500°C; with the thermal plasma reactor‐zone 2 producing the electricity requirements for the nonthermal plasma via a steam turbine power block. Finally, the system it is investigated to which degree the system is adaptable to local production, self‐sufficient, and circulatory.
Pre‐Clinical Medical Students' Use of Motivational and Cognitive Study Strategies During Anatomy Learning: A Three‐Year Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Zilundu Prince L.M. , Chibhabha Fidelis , Yu Guangyin , Fu Rao , Zhou Li‐Hua
Published: March 2021

Medical students' motivation and study strategies are crucial in determining academic performance. This study aimed to assess the motivation and learning strategies of medical students as well as their association with performance in anatomy examinations. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, two focus group discussions, and students' current anatomy cumulative grade point average (cGPA) were used. Generally, the medical students strongly felt that anatomy is fundamental to the practice of medicine and surgery. This result was consistent with high task value scores of 5.99 ± 1.25. They were also driven by extrinsic goal orientation (5.59 ± 1.42) and intrinsic goal orientation (5.08 ± 1.26). Most medical students typically relied on elaboration (5.35 ± 1.25) ahead of other cognitive strategies namely rehearsal (5.30 ± 1.11), organization (5.15 ± 1.34), and lowest‐rated critical thinking (4.77 ± 1.19). The students also relied on resource management strategies, effort regulation (5.15 ± 1.20) and time and study environment regulation (5.03 ± 1.03) more than the moderately scored peer learning (4.95 ± 1.50) and help‐seeking (4.95 ± 1.09). In the focus group discussions, students reported that they often narrate or explain to each other what they would have read and understood from anatomy lectures, tutorials, and textbooks. They also bemoaned the lack of institutional support for stress burdens. The motivation and learning strategies subscales were not correlated with anatomy cGPA. Males were driven by extrinsic goals and experienced significantly higher levels of test anxiety than females (P < 0.05). Knowing the motivation and learning strategies students employ early in the medical curriculum can be leveraged to promote self‐directed learning and academic achievement.
Mechanism and kinetics study of Mg2+ removal from wet‐process phosphoric acid by Sinco‐430 resin
Authors: Hu Chao , Yan Xuefang , Ye Runzhou , Zhong Yanjun , Liu Haozhou , Wang Xinlong , Yang Lin
Published: March 2021

The reaction mechanism and kinetics of Sinco‐430 cation exchange resin removing Mg2+ from wet‐process phosphoric acid (WPA) were studied. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that the main functional group of the resin that combined with Mg2+ ions was –SO3H. To investigate the most suitable conditions for Mg2+ removal, the operating parameters that could affect Mg2+ removal were studied. The results demonstrated that under optimal conditions (T = 50°C, solid to liquid mass ratio = 0.3, and P2O5 content = 20 wt.%) the reaction reached equilibrium in 8 min and Mg2+ removal rate reached 59.09%. The kinetic model and activation energy of the reaction were second‐order and 19.11 kJ/mol according to kinetic analysis, respectively. The diffusion model of Mg2+ removal was determined as pore diffusion according to the comparison of three different diffusion models. H3PO4 was recovered using deionized water and Mg2+ was removed from the loading resin with 20 wt.% H2SO4. In addition, after eight loading/regeneration cycles, the Mg2+ removal ability of the Sinco‐430 resin remained the same. The Mg2+ removal rate in a fixed‐bed reactor was 98.83%, higher than that obtained in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor.
Solids circulation behaviour in a circulating fluidized bed with a concentric annular feeding mechanism
Authors: Zhang Guanghuai , Chen Zhiwei , Bao Jie , Wei Weisheng , Bi Xiaotao
Published: March 2021

The solids circulation behaviour in a circulating fluidized bed with a concentric annular feeder (a‐CFB) was investigated, with a focus on the effect of the entrance structure design and gas flow rates in the riser and the annular region on the solids circulation rate. The pressure drop in the annular region was found to be strongly correlated to the entrance region configuration and solids circulation rate for a given type of particles. Based on a systematic experimental study of the riser bottom configuration and operating parameters on solids circulation rate of the a‐CFB, a new method was proposed for in‐situ monitoring solids circulation rate based on the measurement of pressure drop in the annular region of the a‐CFB.
Ni2P Nanosheets: A High Catalytic Activity Platform for Electrochemical Detection of Acetaminophen
Authors: Wei Ming , Lu Wenbo , Liu Guoqin , Jiang Yimin , Liu Xuebo , Bai Liwei , Cao Xiaowei , Jia Jianfeng , Wu Haishun
Published: March 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Accurate determination of acetaminophen concentration is essential for studying the metabolic status of acetaminophen in clinical practice. In this study, nickel phosphide was used for electrochemical detection of acetaminophen for the first time. An electrochemical acetaminophen sensor based on Ni2P nanosheets was successfully constructed and the sensor showed many convincing properties: (a) a good linear range (0.5 μmol/L—4.5 mmol/L); (b) a moderate sensitivity (131.1 μA·mmol–1·L·cm–2); (c) a low detection limit (0.107 μmol/L). In addition, the sensor also showed excellent selectivity, robust stability and reliable repeatability. Further experiments demonstrate that the prepared sensor can be used for quantitative detection of acetaminophen in commercial medical drugs.
Liouville Theorems and a Schwarz Lemma for Holomorphic Mappings Between Kähler Manifolds
Authors: Ni Lei
Published: March 2021

We derive some consequences of the Liouville theorem for plurisubharmonic functions of L.‐F. Tam and the author. The first result provides a nonlinear version of the complex splitting theorem (which splits off a factor of ℂ isometrically from the simply connected Kähler manifold with nonnegative bisectional curvature and a linear growth holomorphic function) of L.‐F. Tam and the author. The second set of results concerns the so‐called k‐hyperbolicity and its connection with the negativity of the k‐scalar curvature (when k = 1 they are the negativity of holomorphic sectional curvature and Kobayashi hyperbolicity) introduced recently in [33] by F. Zheng and the author. We lastly prove a new Schwarz‐lemma‐type estimate in terms of only the holomorphic sectional curvatures of both domain and target manifolds. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The Mafb cleft‐associated variant H131Q is not required for palatogenesis in the mouse
Authors: Paul Brian J. , Palmer Kristina J. , Rhea Lindsey , Carlson Melissa , Sharp Jocelyn C. , Pratt C. Herbert , Murray Stephen A. , Dunnwald Martine
Published: March 2021

Background

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are common birth defects with complex etiology. Genome wide association studies for OFC have identified SNPs in and near MAFB. MAFB is a transcription factor critical for structural development of digits, kidneys, skin, and brain. MAFB is also expressed in the craniofacial region. Previous sequencing of MAFB in a Filipino population revealed a novel missense variant significantly associated with an increased risk for OFC. This MAFB variant, leading to the amino acid change H131Q, was knocked into the mouse Mafb, resulting in the MafbH131Q allele. The MafbH131Q construct was engineered to allow for deletion of Mafb (“Mafbdel”).

Results

Mafbdel/del animals died shortly after birth. Conversely, MafbH131Q/H131Q mice survived into adulthood at Mendelian ratios. Mafbdel/del and MafbH131Q/H131Q heads exhibited normal macroscopic and histological appearance at all embryonic time points evaluated. The periderm was intact based on expression of keratin 6, p63, and E‐cadherin. Despite no effect on craniofacial morphogenesis, H131Q inhibited the Mafb‐dependent promoter activation of Arhgap29 in palatal mesenchymal, but not ectodermal‐derived epithelial cells in a luciferase assay.

Conclusions

Mafb is dispensable for murine palatogenesis in vivo, and the cleft‐associated variant H131Q, despite its lack of morphogenic effect, altered the expression of Arhgap29 in a cell‐dependent context.
Mechanisms driving plant functional trait variation in a tropical forest
Authors: Hofhansl Florian , Chacón‐Madrigal Eduardo , Brännström Åke , Dieckmann Ulf , Franklin Oskar
Published: March 2021

Plant functional trait variation in tropical forests results from taxonomic differences in phylogeny and associated genetic differences, as well as, phenotypic plastic responses to the environment. Accounting for the underlying mechanisms driving plant functional trait variation is important for understanding the potential rate of change of ecosystems since trait acclimation via phenotypic plasticity is very fast compared to shifts in community composition and genetic adaptation. We here applied a statistical technique to decompose the relative roles of phenotypic plasticity, genetic adaptation, and phylogenetic constraints. We examined typically obtained plant functional traits, such as wood density, plant height, specific leaf area, leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry mass content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf phosphorus content. We assumed that genetic differences in plant functional traits between species and genotypes increase with environmental heterogeneity and geographic distance, whereas trait variation due to plastic acclimation to the local environment is independent of spatial distance between sampling sites. Results suggest that most of the observed trait variation could not be explained by the measured environmental variables, thus indicating a limited potential to predict individual plant traits from commonly assessed parameters. However, we found a difference in the response of plant functional traits, such that leaf traits varied in response to canopy‐light regime and nutrient availability, whereas wood traits were related to topoedaphic factors and water availability. Our analysis furthermore revealed differences in the functional response of coexisting neotropical tree species, which suggests that endemic species with conservative ecological strategies might be especially prone to competitive exclusion under projected climate change.
Factors influencing the habitat use by ocelots in one of the last large Atlantic Forest remnants in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Pasa Juliana Benck , Arrais Ricardo Corassa , Massara Rodrigo Lima , Pereira Gabriel , de Azevedo Fernando Cesar Cascelli
Published: March 2021

Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) are widely distributed throughout the Americas, being dependent on forested areas to survive. Although ocelot ecology is broadly studied throughout the species range distribution, studies concerning factors that may affect ocelot occupancy in the Atlantic Forest are still scarce. We used camera traps to evaluate factors influencing the probabilities of detection and occupancy of ocelots in a protected area of the Atlantic Forest, the Rio Doce State Park (RDSP), southeastern Brazil. To assess ocelot occupancy and detection probabilities, we measured the distances between sampling stations and rivers, lakes, cities, pasture, and Eucalyptus plantations. In addition, we recorded the mean rainfall levels for each sampling occasion, and native grassland areas within a 500 m‐buffer around each sampling station. We found a strong and positive association between ocelot detection and the dry season, which might be due to a higher number of individuals moving through the Park during this season. Moreover, we found a strong and positive association of ocelot detection with native grassland areas around lakes, which may be related to the ocelot behavior of searching for prey in these areas. Conversely, the ocelot occupancy probability was intermediate ( = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36–0.69) and was not strongly associated with the evaluated covariates, which may be explained by the high‐quality of forest habitats and water resources that are homogeneously distributed within the Park. Our study indicates that the RDSP still provides a structurally suitable forest habitat for ocelots, but because of the current worrying scenario of over fragmentation, reduction of forest cover, and weakness of the protective legislation of this biome, the long‐term persistence of the species in RDSP is uncertain.
Canagliflozin, serum magnesium and cardiovascular outcomes—Analysis from the CANVAS Program
Authors: Wang Katherine M. , Li JingWei , Bhalla Vivek , Jardine Meg J. , Neal Bruce , de Zeeuw Dick , Fulcher Greg , Perkovic Vlado , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Chang Tara I.
Published: March 2021

Background

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are predisposed to derangements in serum Magnesium (Mg), which may have implications for cardiometabolic events and outcomes. In clinical trials, participants with T2D randomized to sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown mild to moderate increases in serum Mg from baseline levels. This post hoc analysis assesses the relation between serum Mg with cardiovascular outcomes in 10,140 participants of the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) Program.

Methods

We evaluated the association of baseline serum Mg with the primary composite end point of death from cardiovascular causes, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and non‐fatal stroke, and tested whether this association is modified by baseline serum Mg. Using mediation analysis, we determined whether change in serum Mg post‐randomization mediates the beneficial effect of canagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes.

Results

Mean serum Mg levels at baseline were 0.77 ± 0.09 mmol/L in both canagliflozin group and placebo groups. The canagliflozin group experienced an average increase in serum Mg by 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.065–0.072 mmol/L; p < .001) for the duration of the trial. We found no association between baseline serum Mg levels and the primary composite end point, and no evidence of effect modification by baseline Mg levels. Change in serum Mg post‐randomization was not a mediator of the effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusions

In participants of the CANVAS Program, baseline and post‐randomization serum Mg levels are not associated with cardiovascular outcomes.
The impact of better‐ Versus worse‐than‐average comparisons on beliefs about how life satisfaction is unfolding over time, affect, and motivation
Authors: DeGagne Brock , Busseri Michael A.
Published: March 2021

We investigated comparisons to the average other in shaping how individuals view their lives as unfolding over time, affective reactions, and motivation. Participants described their current life (Study 1;N = 382;Mage = 30.01 years; 43% female) or their life as unfolding over time (Study 2;N = 451;Mage = 30.89; 54% female) as either better (BTA) or worse (WTA) than the average person their age and gender (both studies included a “no comparison” control group). In both studies the BTA (vs. WTA) condition resulted in greater perceived improvement in life satisfaction, more positive affective reactions, and greater motivation to achieve one's goals for the future. Thus, we conclude that viewing one's current life or one's progress in life over time as better (vs. worse) than average leads to more favourable temporal life evaluations, more positive affective responses, and greater motivation.
Feasibility analysis of a solar‐assisted electric vehicle charging station model considering differential pricing
Authors: Nityanshi  , Mathur Tanmay , Tikkiwal Vinay Anand , Nigam Kaushal
Published: March 2021

Fossil‐fuel consumption has tremendously escalated in recent decades, resulting in a significant rise in harmful emissions, contributing to global warming and environmental contamination. Transportation sector is one of the major contributors to rising emission levels across the globe. The ever‐increasing vehicular count has made the development and deployment of eco‐friendly substitutes such as electric vehicles (EVs) imperative. Infrastructure development requiring a high investment becomes a major roadblock for the adoption of EVs. This work focuses on the much‐needed transition to EVs and proposes a design for specialized EV‐charging stations. Energy requirement for the proposed stations is partially met through rooftop photovoltaic plants. It also takes into consideration the present and future vehicular topology along with a differential pricing strategy adopted for effective load management. Three different categories of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) have been analyzed. Using the case for the state of Delhi in India, that houses over 10 million vehicles. A detailed techno‐economic analysis reveals that the proposed design yields a yearly profit of $63 680 and allows the charging stations to recover their setup costs in 2.5 years. Level‐2 EVSE with an output of 22 kW is most efficient and results in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 104 t.
A spectral/hp element method for thermal convection
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Z. , Cantwell Chris D. , Sherwin Spencer J.
Published: March 2021

We report on a high‐fidelity, spectral/hp element algorithm developed for the direct numerical simulation of thermal convection problems. We consider the incompressible Navier–Stokes (NS) and advection–diffusion equations coupled through a thermal body‐forcing term. The flow is driven by a prescribed flowrate forcing with explicit treatment of the nonlinear advection terms. The explicit treatment of the body‐force term also decouples both the NS and the advection–diffusion equations. The problem is then temporally discretized using an implicit–explicit scheme in conjunction with a velocity‐correction splitting scheme to decouple the velocity and pressure fields in the momentum equation. Although not unique, this type of discretization has not been widely applied to thermal convection problems and we therefore provide a comprehensive overview of the algorithm and implementation which is available through the open‐source package Nektar++. After verifying the algorithm on a number of illustrative problems we then apply the code to investigate flow in a channel with uniform or streamwise sinusoidal lower wall, in addition to a patterned sinusoidal heating. We verify the solver against previously published two‐dimensional results. Finally, for the first time we consider a three‐dimensional problem with a streamwise sinusoidal lower wall and sinusoidal heating which, for the chosen parameter, leads to the unusual dynamics of an initially unsteady two‐dimensional instability leading to a steady three‐dimensional nonlinear saturated state.
RREB1‐MKL2 fusion in a spindle cell sinonasal sarcoma: biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma or ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor in an unusual site?
Authors: Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Andrulis Mindaugas , Delank Klaus‐Wolfgang , Volckmar Anna‐Lena , Zhang Lei , von Winterfeld Moritz , Stenzinger Albrecht , R. Antonescu Cristina
Published: March 2021

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a rare, low grade spindle cell sarcoma, recently recognized in the WHO classification of head and neck tumors, which is characterized by a dual myogenic and neural differentiation and recurrent gene fusions, often involving PAX3‐MAML3, and less commonly PAX3 fusions with other partners such as NCOA1, NCOA2, or WWTR1. Yet, in about 4% of tumors no gene rearrangements are identified. Herein, we describe a RREB1‐MKL2 fusion in a BSNS lesion occurring in a 73‐year‐old female patient with a right maxillo‐ethmoidal angle lesion. The polypoid, moderately cellular tumor with infiltrative submucosal growth was composed of fascicles of relatively bland spindle cells embedded in a loose collagenous matrix. The tumor cells showed moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct borders and uniform, pale, ovoid to slender nuclei. The slowly proliferating neoplastic cells co‐expressed smooth muscle actin and S100, and showed focal nuclear positivity for ß‐catenin, while lacking staining for cytokeratins, desmin, myogenin, caldesmon, glial fibrillary acid protein, and SOX‐10. Molecular analysis by targeted RNA‐based next‐generation sequencing identified an in‐frame fusion between exon 8 of RREB1 and exon 11 of MKL2, a genetic event that was reported to be a molecular hallmark of ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor. Gene rearrangements in both genes were independently verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To evaluate its recurrent potential an additional group of 15 fusion negative BSNS were tested for abnormalities in RREB1 and MKL2 genes by FISH, but no additional positive cases were identified.
Use of collaborative concept mapping in team diagnosis
Authors: Pan Dan , Wang Tingyi , Zhang Xuegang , Jia Ming , Li Zhizhong
Published: March 2021

Teamwork is necessary to accomplish challenging and information‐rich tasks in complex industrial systems, such as fault diagnosis in nuclear power plants. To improve team performance, assistive visualization tools are used to promote communication and reduce cognitive conflicts. As a shared visualization technology, collaborative concept mapping can effectively externalize one's thoughts into a visualized structure, thereby improving the efficiency of communication and information processing. This study accordingly investigates the effects of collaborative concept mapping on team diagnosis in two fault situations with different complexity levels in a simulated nuclear power plant: one caused by a single initiating event, and the other triggered by two initiating events. The dependent variables included fault analysis score, diagnostic result score, diagnosis time, workload, score of concept map content, and fixation time on a teammate's concept map. The findings revealed that collaborative concept mapping significantly improved the diagnostic result score and shortened diagnosis time, and marginally but significantly increased the fault analysis score. However, under the more complex fault situation triggered by two initiating events, this tool also significantly increased participants’ physical load and frustration level. Future work should focus on how collaborative concept mapping can improve operator performance while causing as little extra workload as possible, as well as explore its effects on experienced operators.
Thirsty? Choose Water! Encouraging Secondary School Students to choose water over sugary drinks. A descriptive analysis of intervention components
Authors: Gowland‐Ella Justine , Kajons Nicole , David Michael , Lewis Peter , Trinh Katie , Louis Danielle , Kingon Nina , Batchelor Samantha
Published: March 2021

Background

Childhood obesity is a significant public health issue. Sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption contributes to this and adolescents are high consumers. This paper provides a descriptive overview of a school‐based intervention to address this.

Methods

61 secondary schools in New South Wales were randomised to receive a behavioural intervention (BI), a chilled water station (CWS), both interventions or neither (control). The BI was delivered through classroom lessons, school‐based promotion and vaccination clinic. The CWS intervention included the installation of one CWS per school. Intervention effectiveness over time was assessed via student surveys at baseline, post‐intervention and follow‐up (individual‐level outcomes), feedback from teachers and vaccination nurses, a school information survey, and remotely monitored CWS water usage (school‐level outcomes).

Results

Teachers reported the BI was useful in teaching students about drinking water and negative consequences of SSBs. Nurses considered the post‐vaccination waiting period a good opportunity to deliver health promotion messages. Students in this group showed statistically significant changes in knowledge about SSBs, dehydration effects and changes in daily SSB consumption (T1 23.18%; T3 18.20%). Positive feedback regarding CWSs was received with an increase in water consumption reported for students in this group (T1 86.15% to T3 89.66%) and a statistically significant increase in students carrying a water bottle to school and filling it observed.

Conclusions

Both interventions were readily implemented with high levels of acceptability and impact on students’ knowledge and SSB consumption. The study demonstrates how to promote water consumption in schools utilising two different interventions.

So what?

Evidence regarding how to decrease SSB consumption amongst secondary school students has been strengthened.
A study of electro‐osmotic and magnetohybrid nanoliquid flow via radiative heat transfer past an exponentially accelerated plate
Authors: Rajaram Vijayaragavan , Varadharaj Bharathi , Jayavel Prakash
Published: March 2021

This paper explores the electro‐osmotic flow with a uniform magnetic transverse field and thermal radiation. An investigation has been conducted on electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) boundary layer past a moving upright accelerated plate in hybrid nanoliquids. Two specific water‐based hybrid nanoliquids are taken into account, which include copper and aluminum oxide. To define the electrical potential distribution in the fluid medium, the Poisson–Boltzmann distribution is used and linearized by Debye–Huckel. The control equations are solved by the transformation technique of Laplace and results are obtained in a closed shape. The quantitative analysis of the nanoliquid temperature, axial velocity, and Nusselt number on the accelerated plate for several values of the related parameters is shown by a graph. Hybrid nanoliquids are known to create fluid flows significantly larger than nanoliquids, which are very helpful in cleaning the contaminated water in a nuclear plant.
Recent advances inknowledge‐basedmodel structure optimization and extrapolation techniques for microwave applications
Authors: Na Weicong , Yan Shuxia , Feng Feng , Liu Wenyuan , Zhu Lin , Zhang Qi‐Jun
Published: March 2021

Artificial neural network modeling techniques have been recognized as important vehicles in the microwave computer‐aided design (CAD) area in addressing the growing challenges of designing next generation microwave device, circuits, and systems. This article provides an overview of recent advances in knowledge‐based neural network model generation and extrapolation techniques for microwave applications. We first introduce the unified knowledge‐based neural network structure optimization technique. Using the distinctive property for feature selection ofl1optimization, this unified modeling technique efficiently determines the type and topology of the mapping structure in a knowledge‐based model. This knowledge‐based model structure optimization technique is more flexible and systematic, and can further speed up the knowledge‐based neural model development. As a further advancement, we also discuss the advanced multi‐dimensional extrapolation technique for neural‐based microwave modeling. The purpose is to make the neural network model can be reliably used not only inside the training range but also outside the training range. Multi‐dimensional cubic polynomial extrapolation formulation and optimization over grids outside the training range are utilized to make neural models more robust and reliable when they are used outside the training range. The validity of these techniques is demonstrated by microwave modeling examples.
Incorporation of Membrane Proteins Into Bicontinuous Microemulsions Through Winsor‐III System‐Based Extraction
Authors: Hayes Douglas G. , Anunciado Divina B. , Ye Ran , Williams Rachel N. D. , O'Neill Hugh M. , Pingali Sai Venkatesh , Urban Volker S.
Published: March 2021

The membrane proteins (MP) α‐synuclein (ASYN) and bacteriorhodopsin (BR) were readily incorporated into bicontinuous microemulsions (BμEs) formed by two microemulsion systems: water/heptane/Aerosol‐OT (AOT)/CK‐2,13 and water/dodecane/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/1‐pentanol. (CK‐2,13 is an alkyl ethoxylate possessing two alkyl tail groups of carbon chain length 2 and 13 and an average degree of ethoxylation of 5.6.) MP were encapsulated in BμEs through preparation of Winsor‐III systems at optimal salinity, with the anionic surfactants AOT and SDS providing the driving force for extraction. Dissolution of ASYN in BμEs greatly increased the former's α‐helicity, similar to ASYN's behavior in the presence of biomembranes, while BμE‐ and vesicle‐encapsulated BR possessed similar secondary structure. Small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) results clearly demonstrated the direct interaction of MP with the surfactants, resulting in a decrease of surface area per volume for surfactant monolayers due to decreased surfactant efficiency. The SANS signal for ASYN was isolated through the use of neutron contrast matching for the surfactants through partial deuteration of water and oil, one of the first reports of contrast matching for BμEs in the literature. The SANS results of the contrast‐matched sample reflected similar aggregation for ASYN in BμEs as was reported previously for vesicles and SDS solution. This study demonstrates the potential use of BμEs as MP host systems for conducting biochemical reactions such as the conversion of sunlight into adenosine triphosphate by BR and studying the fundamental behavior of MP, such as the role of ASYN dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, as well as for isolation and purification of MP via Winsor‐III‐based extraction.
Gas‐Responsive Self‐Assemblies for Mimicking the Alveoli
Authors: Guo Xiaofeng , Ji Xianfeng , Li Xuehai , Du Jinhong , Sun Lulu , Feng Anchao , Yuan Jinying , Thang San H.
Published: March 2021

In human body, alveoli are the primary sites for gas exchange which are formed by the dilation and protrusion of bronchioles at the end of the lung, and the rapid gas‐exchanging process in the alveoli ensures normal life activities. Based on the unique structures and functions of alveoli, it is necessary to study the regulation mechanism of its formation, respiration, and apoptosis. Herein, a class of reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)‐derived amphiphilic triblock copolymers, PEO‐b‐P(DEAEMA‐co‐FMA)‐b‐PS is designed and synthesized. Due to the amphiphilic and gas‐responsive segments, these triblock copolymers can self‐assemble in aqueous solution and undergo the morphological transition from nanotubes to vesicles under gas stimulation; meanwhile, in the cycles of CO2/O2 stimulation, these vesicles can further realize the volume expansion and contraction, eventually rupture. The gas‐driven morphological transformations of these aggregates successfully imitate the formation, respiration, and apoptosis of alveoli, and provide an essential basis for revealing the life phenomena.
Management approach combining prognostic screening and targeted treatment for patients with low back pain compared with standard physiotherapy: A systematic review & meta‐analysis
Authors: Ogbeivor Collins , Elsabbagh Lina
Published: March 2021

Background

Research evidence suggests that a stratified care management approach is better at improving clinical and economic outcomes for low back pain (LBP) patients compared with usual care in the short‐term. However, it is uncertain if these health and economic benefits are sustainable in the longer term.

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of stratified care compared with standard physiotherapy for LBP treatment.

Methods

A comprehensive search was undertaken of seven electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Pedro, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Register for Controlled Trials and Web of Science with full text. No time limits were applied, but studies were limited to English language publications and those involving human participants. Two independent reviewers undertook study selection, data extraction and appraisal of study

Results

In total, 6,842 patients (18 years and above) were included in the 8 trials reviewed – 4 were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the other 4 were non‐RCTs. The pooled analysis of 3 studies (n = 2,460) demonstrated a strong evidence in favour of stratified care over standard care at improving overall pain (WMD [random] 0.46 [95% CI 0.21, 0.71]; P < 0.0003), with overall effect (Z = 3.6) and (RMDQ) scores (WMD [random] 0.71 [95% CI 0.05, 1.37]; P < 0.03), with overall effect (Z = 2.11) at 3, 4‐ and 6‐months follow‐up periods.

Conclusion

This current review demonstrated that a stratified care approach provides substantial clinical, economic and health related cost benefits in the medium and high‐risk subgroups compared with usual care. Further research is needed for longer‐term benefits.
Attitudes and beliefs towards implementation of nurse prescribing among general nurses and nurse specialists in China: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Ling Dong‐Lan , Hu Jiale , Zhong Mei‐Yun , Li Wan‐Ting , Yu Hong‐Jing
Published: March 2021

Aims

To investigate the attitudes and beliefs towards the implementation of nurse prescribing among general nurses and nurse specialists.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey among general nurses and nurse specialists was conducted in seven provinces and one autonomous region in mainland China using convenience sampling method.

Methods

The attitudes and beliefs towards nurse prescribing were assessed using the Nurse Attitudes and Beliefs towards Nurse prescribing scale, of which Cronbach's coefficient was 0.902, retest reliability was 0.808. Respondents from eight hospitals across the country were employed to complete an online questionnaire.

Results

Nurse specialists (n = 399) had statistically significantly more favourable intentions towards nurse prescribing than general nurses (n = 415; 105.64 ± 12.83 vs. 96.39 ± 13.16; p < .001). The years of clinical work experience, professional title, education degree were positively correlated with general nurses' and nurse specialists' attitudes and beliefs towards nurse prescribing (p < .05). Among nurse specialists, the variety of specialties and whether they work in nurse‐led clinics on an outpatient basis have positively influence on their intentions towards nurse prescribing (p < .05).
Does professional identity play a critical role in the choice to remain in the nursing profession?
Authors: Kristoffersen Margareth
Published: March 2021

Aim

To explore aspects of professional identity in nurses’ written narratives of what is significant to their choice to remain in the profession.

Design

This study used a qualitative design and was underpinned by a hermeneutical approach.

Methods

The participants were recruited via purposive sampling procedures and included 13 nurses aged 26 to 62 years. The data were collected in the form of written narratives to initiate the nurses’ reflections on the decision to remain in the profession. A thematic analysis was conducted.

Results

The analysis revealed two themes: acting as a professional contributor and realigning to maintain professional belongingness. In the nurses’ written narratives, these aspects of professional identity were clearly significant to their choice to remain in the profession. In a complexly interwoven way, the aspects constructed who the nurses were as professionals, and thus, professional identity seems to play a critical role in the choice to remain.
Pharmacoepidemiology: A time for a new multidisciplinary approach to precision medicine
Authors: Issa Amalia M. , Carleton Bruce , Gerhard Tobias , Filipski Kelly K. , Freedman Andrew N. , Kimmel Stephen , Liu Geoffrey , Longo Cristina , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke H. , Sansbury Leah , Zhou Wei , Bartlett Gillian
Published: March 2021

The advent of the genomic age has created a rapid increase in complexity for the development and selection of drug treatments. A key component of precision medicine is the use of genetic information to improve therapeutic effectiveness of drugs and prevent potential adverse drug reactions. Pharmacoepidemiology, as a field, uses observational methods to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of drug treatments in populations. Pharmacoepidemiology by virtue of its focus, tradition, and research orientation can provide appropriate study designs and analysis methods for precision medicine. The objective of this manuscript is to demonstrate how pharmacoepidemiology can impact and shape precision medicine and serve as a reference for pharmacoepidemiologists interested in contributing to the science of precision medicine. This paper depicts the state of the science with respect to the need for pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoepidemiological methods, tools and approaches for precision medicine; the need for and how pharmacoepidemiologists use their skills to engage with the precision medicine community; and recommendations for moving the science of precision medicine pharmacoepidemiology forward. We propose a new integrated multidisciplinary approach dedicated to the emerging science of precision medicine pharmacoepidemiology.