bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the environmental status and measures for safety and environmental protection in oil and gas producing areas
Authors: Dzhanzakov I I , Medetov Sh M , Imangalieva G E , Bashirov V D , Sagitov R F
Published: July 2019

Environmental pollution in the areas of drilling and field development is one of the main priority environmental problems. At the same time, as observations show, the main objects of pollution are groundwater, hydro-and lithosphere (open water bodies, the bottom of water areas, soil and vegetation cover). Sources of pollution are the results of the process itself. The greatest danger posed to environmental objects is technological drilling waste, which is accumulated and stored directly on the drilling site. Drilling waste includes drilling cuttings, waste drilling fluids and drilling wastewater. They are formed in the process of washing the well. In the process of deepening a well at the bottomhole, a drill is formed. Hydrotransport that drills mud from the bottom of the well to the surface of the rock under the influence of man-made factors turns into drill cuttings. Therefore, in the cleaning system of the circulating system of a drilling rig, the cuttings are not separated from the drilling fluid. But drill cuttings differ in volume and, most important from an environmental point of view, in physicochemical properties. The volume of cuttings is equal to the volume of the wellbore. When designing, the volume of drill cuttings is approximately taken by 20% more than the volume of cuttings.
Features of technology for producing wood and polymer composites by extrusion method
Authors: Ponikarov S I , Sagitov R F , Bashirov V D , Dudorov V E , Korotkov V G , Akhmadiyeva Z R , Tsyrkaeva E A
Published: July 2019

Currently, in Russia, much attention is paid to the recycling and recycling of industrial and household waste. A huge amount of waste is accumulated and not processed in various industries. The bulk of food production waste (beer pellet, alcohol bard, husk) either simply merges, due to the inability of the enterprise to process it, or is used as fuel (husk). In the wood processing industry, there is also no proper processing of the waste (chips, shavings, sawdust). This also includes waste polymer materials, the amount of which increases every year. The relevance of the use of food waste, wood processing, polymer industries in building materials and products is associated primarily with the problems of preserving the environment (they are not subject to decay, corrosion) but also with the problem of resource conservation. At present, the use of polymer waste in the construction materials industry is widespread, and quite an acute problem is the disposal of waste from food and wood processing industries. A particularly promising direction of recycling is the production of high-filled plastics which can be used as construction composite materials. The paper discusses the technology of producing wood-polymer composites by extrusion. It is proposed to use wheat bran, pre-treated with chemical reagents, in the composite in addition to traditional components (plastics and sawdust) in the proposed technology.
Influence of internal grids on particle motion in the fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Solovev S A , Soloveva O V , Sheshukov E G
Published: July 2019

A fluidized bed reactor designed for the dehydrogenation of isobutane is considered. The process takes place at high temperature and with heat absorption. A feature of the apparatus is the mechanism of block heating due to the catalyst entering through the pipe located in the center. The analysis of the effect of the grids located in the apparatus on the reactor heating is carried out.
Improving operational characteristics of wave gears
Authors: Tupitsyn A A , Pogodin V K
Published: July 2019

The advantage of wave gears is a possibility to obtain greater transmission ratios in one stage. The main drawback is a short life of a flexible gear due to large deformations with cyclically changing stresses. The proposed technical solution provides using a roller chain instead of the flexible gear. The gear arrangement is similar to a two-wave gear in which there is a wheel used instead of the flexible gear, with each tooth of it consisting of three rollers located in axial alignment. Middle row rollers are located along the edge of the master jaw. The outermost row rollers of the located along the lesser diameter of the jaw come into external engagement with two immobile gear wheels which have the number of the teeth equal to the number of the chain rollers. As a result, the chain does not rotate. The outermost row rollers that are located along the greater diameter of the jaw come into internal engagement with the follower wheel. At the cost of the differences of the follower wheel teeth and the chain rollers, the motion transmission occurs. The supposed transmission arrangement allows providing a transmission ratio in one stage up to 6 and higher that reduces the dimensions of the actuator.
Design, study and development of new equipment for sheet-metal forming
Authors: Botashev A Yu , Bayramukov R A , Bisilov N U , Malsugenov R S
Published: July 2019

A new facility for sheet-metal forming ensuring forming with heating of a workpiece to the temperature interval of warm or hot machining is designed and developed. The facility contains a case connected to a die where a working cylinder and a combustion chamber, separated from each other by the piston, are placed. Heating and deformation of a stamped workpiece is made under the influence of combustion products of fuel mixes in a working cylinder and dies. The distinctive feature of this unit is that the final forming stage ensures considerable increase of deforming effort that considerably enhances its technological capacity. Practical testing of the designed unit was performed. High quality products were obtained, which makes it possible to recommend this facility for use in small-scale production.
Thermal EMF in film resistors under focused semiconductor laser irradiation
Authors: Alexandrov V A , Besogonov V V
Published: July 2019

The work studies thermal EMF generation in thick-film and thin-film resistors under focused semiconductor laser irradiation. The thermal EMF in film resistors is maximum in the case of laser irradiation of the boundaries of the resistant film contact with electrodes. The signal sign depends on the polarity of resistors brought into the measurement circuit, location of the laser spot on the boundaries of the resistive film contacts with electrodes and on the edges of nonuniformities. Thermal EMF includes direct and pulsed components during local irradiation of the surface of resistors by periodic laser pulses. The frequency and duration of the edge of unipolar EMF pulses on the electrodes of the resistors are equal to the frequency and duration of the laser pulses, respectively. In silver-palladium thick-film resistors, the maximum of the thermal EMF signal can be used to determine the boundaries of the surface section with palladium reduced by hydrogen.
Faults technology of Lada Kalina cars by means of defined complex of diagnostic parameters
Authors: Bulatov S V
Published: July 2019

The technology of observing the big group of cars allows us to establish how often we meet the diagnoses that we are interested in and what the odds of these diagnoses are according to diagnostic parameters for the developed system. On the basis of the calculations according to the data of the experimental researches we can say that for the car with the set of signs, corresponding to the set complex of diagnostic parameters, the most probable diagnosis is the first one: fault of electrical equipment elements. The obvious condition of the diagnostics efficiency is the significant decline of the failure probability of nodes, units and vehicles in general and also the exception of incorrect scheduled maintenance that is reached under the qualitatively perfected system of diagnosing.
Modeling a repair machining of a rotary kiln tire
Authors: Duyun T A , Shrubchenko I V , Hurtasenko A V , Goncharov M S
Published: July 2019

The paper considers the process of edge cutting machining applied to the running surface of a defective-form kiln tire with portable machines without shutdown of cement clinker production. Conditions are formulated for geometry generation; related changes in reference surfaces are defined. These features are integrated into an algorithm aimed at minimizing deviation of the kiln tire from circular profile when modeling its repair.
Economic aspects of reactive power compensation at gas-chemical plant
Authors: Vildanov R G , Khismatullin A S , Luneva N N
Published: July 2019

The use of energy saving technologies, reduction of losses of electric power and the electric power are actual tasks of modern power industry. The cheapest and at the same time the most effective means of increasing the technical and economic indicators of electrical systems is reactive power compensation. The paper considers three variants of reactive power compensation: installation of high-voltage capacitor banks; installation of low-voltage capacitor banks); overexcitation of synchronous machines. The comparative analysis was conducted on models compiled in the program MATLAB Simulink. The costs of generation and transmission reactive power using synchronous motors were defined. The costs of generation and transmission reactive power using low-voltage capacitor banks were defined.
The investigation of magnetization reversal loss sensor
Authors: Vildanov R G , Khismatullin A S , Luneva N N
Published: July 2019

A sensor was developed to measure the losses in the magnetization reversal of materials. Expressions for the magnetic flux in the sensor core and the sensitivity for the amplitude processing of the signal from the magnetization reversal losses are obtained. A vector diagram of the currents and voltages is plotted, along which the phase shift of the signal from the magnetization reversal losses is determined. It is established that the phase shift of the current is due to two factors. The formula of the total phase shift from both factors is obtained. The total phase shift is directly proportional to the induction in the product and the mass of the magnetized zone, and hence the volume of the defects. It is shown that the total phase shift is directly proportional to the mass of the magnetization reversed zone, and hence to the volume of the defects. The dependence of the signal phase of the sensor on the mass of the metal in the sensor zone is obtained.
Current status and operating principles of hydrogen power plant in urban transport
Authors: Kulikov K I , Schurov N I , Yaroslavtsev M V , Spiridonov E A , Langeman E G
Published: July 2019

The article describes the current status of hydrogen power engineering and electric transport as the main force for a branch development. Modern transport industry turns to the environmentally friendly hydrogen technologies and an optimization of energy resources consumption. The development of new high-tech industries is very important in terms of requirements for environment safety and an emissions level. Gradual development of hydrogen fuel vehicles will reduce a cost of production of one vehicle and make them attractive for using in countries around the world. The rising demand for hydrogen vehicles forces the science to improve the technology of conversion of hydrogen energy into electrical. The development of new control systems for such vehicles, which have high requirements for a fuel quality and the optimization of power plant load, is also stimulated by a demand for hydrogen vehicles.
Multi-pulse rectifier as a means of electromagnetic compatibility improvement in three-phase networks with sliding delta winding transformer
Authors: Olhovskiy V Y , Myateg T V , Atamanova O S
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the principle of creating a technical means to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of three-phase rectifiers in AC supply networks. The principle of constructing the circuit solution of this technical device is described and the calculated expressions for its implementation are presented on the basis of transformer converters of the number of phases and the connection of their windings into a “sliding delta”. This solution allows implementing a controlled mode of increased equivalent pulsation of rectification and providing high-energy performance in the supply network by regulating the phase shifts of three-phase voltages supplying three-phase rectifiers, which is confirmed by a series of model experiments.
Research of the impulse forces interaction in synchronous electromagnetic impact machines
Authors: Neyman L A , Neyman V Yu
Published: July 2019

The paper describes the process of the impulse forces interaction in the synchronous electromagnetic impact machines. The research issue is an actual one as it is necessary to estimate kinetic energy loss in mechanical systems of synchronous electromagnetic machines for accurate synthesis of mathematical models. The relationship between the kinetic energy transferred to deformed medium and kinetic energy returned to the mechanical oscillatory system is determined. The second one depends on deformed medium properties and the impact systems parameters. The new dependences reflecting the head bounce factor and the head initial velocity with kinetic energy loss on deformation and recovery of incomplete impacting volumes are established.
Analysis of transient and steady-state processes in multi-pulse rectifiers by the finite-difference method
Authors: Neyman L A , Neyman V Yu , Elanakova V A
Published: July 2019

Rectifiers are featured by periodic processes depending on the source frequency and rectification circuit. The output current of each diode is discrete even if the load current is continuous. The relationship between the current values at the end point of the periodical working cycle of the rectifier is determined by the finite-difference method. The difference equations describing the working cycle contain constant coefficients depending on the rectification circuit type and load parameters. The analytic dependence of the current on the lattice function argument is obtained. The dependences of the current on the lattice function argument are stated for the eight-pulse rectifier with the active inductive load. The load current envelope reflects the type of the transient process and makes it possible to compare rectification circuits and to analyze steady-state processes.
Rational design of low-tonnage technological complexes for fine and ultrafine grinding of materials
Authors: Perelygin D N , Boichuk I P , Gorlov A S
Published: July 2019

To solve the problem of obtaining superfine materials, a mathematical model of materials dispersion is proposed. The model uses the Focker-Planck equation to determine the probability density. The physical density of the probability density is interpreted as a differential characteristic of the composition of the ground material. The closure is performed using the equations of material balance and limitations that ensure the performance of low-tonnage technological complexes. Criteria for the controllability of the grinding process are proposed. These criteria take into account the random nature of the processes and the existing disturbances in the chamber of the vortex-acoustic disperser. In this case, the vortex-acoustic disperser in the working range of changing its parameters is considered as a complex physico-mechanical system. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to study the laws of the grinding process in a vortex-acoustic disperser. The model also makes it possible to find the optimal design and operational parameters of the disperser.
Centrifugal unit of combined method of grinding for mechanoactivation of technogenical materials
Authors: Uralskij V I , Uralskij A V , Sinitsa E V , Uralskaja L S , Karatsupa S V
Published: July 2019

Analysis of the raw material resources of the Russian Federation has shown that the most large-tonnage raw material is the waste of wet magnetic separation (WMS), formed during the beneficiation of ores. A complex of studies on the use of WMS wastes showed that their most effective use is to mechanically activate a mixture of wastes and cement and to prepare a new class of binders — finely ground multi-component cements and binders with low water requirements. To carry out complex experimental studies, taking into account the existing requirements, an experimental centrifugal grinding unit (CGU) with specified trajectories of the grinding chambers was chosen. The developed grinder is intended for mechanical activation of fragile materials with different physical and mechanical properties by the combined method of grinding (dry and wet), both in periodic and in continuous modes. Analysis of the results of experimental studies indicate the effectiveness of the use of centrifugal grinding unit for the wet method of grinding and also allow us to conclude about the significant superiority of wet grinding for the production of fine raw materials.
The results of studies of the tunneling rescue complex for coal mines
Authors: Yu Urazbakhtin R , Yungmeyster D A
Published: July 2019

The object of study was the rescue complex for carrying out high-speed workings of small section, the main task of which is to evacuate miners caught in an accident. The aim of the work was to determine the parameters of the rescue complex, part of which is a mechanized walking support. Laboratory studies of walking support parameters were carried out to determine the actual value of the coefficient of resistance to movement (kres). It is established that the movement force of the section-jointed walking lining is based on the mass of its parts, size and physical and mechanical properties of the side rocks and roof, expressed in the steady state by an exponential dependence on the time and step of the advance. And the experimental value of the drag coefficient of the walking lining is in the interval of 3-5.
Ferroalloy industry waste processing
Authors: Cherednichenko M V , Zuev S P
Published: July 2019

In order to develop a technology and equipment for remelting waste from the ferroalloy industry, the Yurga ferroalloy plant gives 1500 kg of ferrosilicon waste to “Sibelektroterm” for experimental smelts and formulation of technical requirements for new remelting equipment. The findings of these operations are presented in this article. The results of experimental ferroalloy waste processing smelts in a direct-current furnace with the power of 140 kW are examined; parameters of three-phase electric furnaces of alternating current with power 0.63-6.3 MV·A and technologies of ferroalloy waste processing are examined. In addition, original characteristics of the waste are considered. Remelting of ferrosilicon waste in three-phase alternating current furnaces is considered.
Obtaining functional dependence of friction coefficient of soil on steel
Authors: Alekseev V V , Avrelkin V A , Vasiliev S A
Published: July 2019

The development of theoretical approaches to the substantiation of the water-physical properties of soils, which determine the favorable mode of functioning of tillage machines and units, and the improvement of methods for measuring hydrophysical parameters, is an actual problem of agricultural science. The intensification of technological processes in some cases leads to irreversible changes in the soil profile. The results of the research can be substantially expanded by modeling the hydrophysical properties of the soil and studying the water and air regimes of the soils. In accordance with this, an important task is the theoretical justification of the functional dependence of the frictional force in the soil on its specific surface, porosity and moisture for determining the moisture ranges when which meliorative measures are environmentally friendly and least energy intensive. The methodological basis was the fundamental and applied foundations of soil hydrophysics. The study of the modes of operation of the tillage machines (crumbling / speed) on various types of soils allowed one to determine the most effective moisture intervals at which, with an average fuel consumption from 4.1 to 17 l/ha, it is saved from 0.16 to 0.68 l/ha. This allows one to reduce fuel consumption by 5-7 % and to provide the best mechanical effect on the soil. The application of these methods was based on the use of modern software packages for processing the results of experiments conducted in laboratory and field conditions.
Surface hardening of structural steel by cathode spot of welding arc
Authors: Balanovskiy A E , Shtayger M G , Karlina A I , Kargapoltsev S K , Gozbenko V E , Karlina Yu I , Govorkov A S , Kuznetsov B O
Published: July 2019

The structure, phase composition, and morphology of the surface layers of structural 1020, 1050, 1060 steels of the steel modified by the cathode spot of the welding arc are studied with the help of electron and optical microscopy. It is shown that the treatment of the cathode spot of the arc leads to grain refinement in the surface layer and causes its hardening. As a result of this treatment, partial or complete amorphization of the surface layer is possible.
Modeling the transportation and batching of slurry into a cement kiln
Authors: Andruschak S V , Besedin P V , Doroganov E A
Published: July 2019

The work discusses a method for constructing a model of a system for slurry transportation and batching into a cement kiln, as well as the structural modifications for the scheme of slurry batcher. The main goal of the developed model is to investigate the reduction in energy consumption by slurry transportation through reduced amount of pumped raw mixture and stabilized feeding of the slurry into the kiln, which can improve the quality of produced clinker. The modeling and study of transient processes in the hydrodynamic system was performed in MATLAB Simulink. The presented model can be used for designing and modeling a system of slurry batching into the cement kiln.
Quality and reliability improvement of “tube-tube plate” welded joints during welding by pulse pressure
Authors: Grechneva M V , Balanovskiy A E , Gozbenko V E , Kargapoltsev S K , Karlina A I , Shtayger M G , Karlina Yu I , Govorkov A S
Published: July 2019

The possibility of controlling the impact parameters for improving the quality and reliability of the welded joint of the tube-grid of the heat-exchange apparatus by adjusting the parameters of the discharge circuit of the electrotechnical-logical unit and the angle of cutting the opening of the tube grid is considered. A mathematical model is proposed and simulation is performed to estimate the impact parameters. The results of the simulation showed good agreement with the experimental ones, and the model can be used to calculate the optimum welding regime and improve the quality of the welded joint.
Application of plasma surface quenching to reduce rail side wear
Authors: Konstantinova M V , Balanovskiy A E , Gozbenko V E , Kargapoltsev S K , Karlina A I , Shtayger M G , Guseva E A , Kuznetsov B O
Published: July 2019

Hardening of the side surface of the rail head with the use of optical and electron microscopy is studied. Results of industrial tests are given. Plasma hardening of the side surface of the rail allows one to obtain a favorable structure of the surface hardened layer (mixture of troostite, bainite and martensite) with a hardness of 450-830 HV and a thickness of the quenched layer of 2.5-3 mm. Thus, this significantly increases the service life of the rails due to the 2-3-time decrease in the wear rate of the side surface of the rail. The developed unit for plasma surface hardening of the rail allows performing qualitative surface hardening in width, depth and hardness of the surface layer of the metal. This equipment can be recommended for further pilot-industrial plasma surface hardening of the rail side surface in the conditions of the East Siberian Railway.
The optical analogue of the Yoneda effect
Authors: Skaletskaya I E
Published: July 2019

Issues related to the surface treatment of materials and its quality control remain important to this day. Research on new methods and techniques is mainly related to the rapid development of new technologies in materials science, in particular, nanotechnology. Roughness parameters are still very important measures when working with various materials. The effect of the anomalous reflection of X-rays has played an extremely important role in the historical development of methods regarding in-process quality control when polishing high-strength materials (sapphires, diamonds, etc.). It is, however, important to look for ways to use nanotechnological control of optical materials that are universal, sensible, safe and inexpensive.
Method of controlling reactive stresses when joining reinforced concrete constructions with pool welding due to forcedly formed weld
Authors: Erofeev V V , Grebenshchikova O A , Ignatiev A G , Troyanovskaya I P , Sharafiev R G
Published: July 2019

The paper deals with a method of controlling stretching reactive stresses in reinforced concrete constructions. These deformations are caused by pool welding with forced weld formation in fabricated forms. This method does not require precise measuring and labour-intensive preparatory efforts and experiments. Reactive stresses are experimentally determined after welding the protruding bars of rigid reinforced constructions. The concentrator is used outside the heat-affected area (i.e. far from the welded joint). Reactive strains are determined on the basis of the calculated connection between the level of reactive stresses σw and the limiting cut depth lc. This method is used to determine the level of reactive stresses in the protruding bars of reinforced concrete constructions after certain modes of welding and to establish the optimum welding conditions to obtain the required values of reactive stresses σw.
Improving the quality of crane wheels machining
Authors: Shubin A A , Smolovik A E , Vitchuk N A
Published: July 2019

One of the most common types of damage to cranes is wear of the working surface and/or the ribs of the running wheel. When the maximum permissible wear is reached, the wheel is machined to restore its geometry. During production and repair of running wheels of load-lifting cranes, the problem of increasing the efficiency of the technological machining process on the rolling profile of the running wheels is a component of the general problem of increasing dependability of hoisting and transport machines. The technological process of restoring the profile of the surface of the crane wheels has a number of features. If the change in the depth of the cut can be estimated and then during processing to adjust the modes, then to measure and consider the hardness of the material to be removed are practically impossible. The lack of proper control over the change in the depth of the cut and the hardness of the treated surface often leads to the fact that the crane wheels turn in the understated modes, which adversely affects the performance. This causes the expediency of regulating the process according to such criterion as the optimal cutting temperature. The article describes the methods of experimental determination of the optimal cutting temperature. A new method of determination based on shear thermocouples is proposed. The authors obtained and compared dependences for thermo - EMF, corresponding to the optimum temperature, on the cutting speed, obtained with the help of shear and natural thermocouples.
The physical model of the vehicle electromagnetic shock absorber
Authors: Bakholdin P A , Shchurov N I , Bakholdin D A
Published: July 2019

This article presents the development of an electromagnetic absorber physical model. The developed system is designed for physical experiments realisation. Estimated experiments results are necessary for the suspension operating parameters adjustment. Research need is caused by the stochastic nature of the road unevenness and rolling stock parameters.
Determination of electromagnetic parameters for improvement of efficiency of special electric drives
Authors: Karandey V Yu , Popov B K , Popova O B , Afanasyev V L
Published: July 2019

The research of electromagnetic parameters for improvement of efficiency of special electric drives is presented in article. The analysis of the received results was carried out. An object of a research were special electric drives with asynchronous motors of cylindrical construction. The studied special electric actuators possess improved mass-dimensional and power indicators due to constructional features and the used control systems. For different industries application of electric actuators with the seized characteristics is a relevant task. For modeling and design of special electric drives it is necessary to create new approaches for determination of electromagnetic parameters or to make significant correction of the existing approaches. On the basis of the offered mathematical model of the electromagnetic system presented in the form of set of electromagnets parameters of the studied electric drives were determined electromagnetic. The analysis of the conducted research shows that the received solution will allow to improve efficiency of the special electric drives used in difficult technological processes of different industries.
Development of a backup drive in locomobile construction
Authors: Shubin A A , Vitchuk P V , Smolovik A E
Published: July 2019

Current maintenance and repair of the railway track is a prerequisite for the efficient operation of rail transport. The main task of the current maintenance of the way is to create conditions for ensuring the uninterrupted movement of trains with set speeds and long service life of all elements of the way. In recent years, locomobiles are coming into use. These are hybrid road-rail cars that are able to move both on the railway track and on highways. Locomobiles are made based on the car by installing the mechanisms of extension of the railway chassis on the frame of the car. Trains are constantly moving along the railway tracks, so repairs and maintenance of the track should not disrupt their schedule if it is possible. In case of an unworkable condition of the vehicle located on the railway track, there will be an emergency which requires towing transport and, accordingly, time costs, which accompanies large economic losses. In connection with the above, the task of creating a backup drive in the locomobile is urgent. The article presents the design of a backup drive for the locomobile and describes the principle of its operation. The dependencies for calculating the limiting operating time of the drive and the distance traveled by the vehicle are given, depending on the speed of its movement and the capacity of the battery. The graphs for determining the optimal speed of the locomobile are obtained.
Electric corona discharge as a basis for managing the quality of solid cereals
Authors: Porsev E G , Druzhinina N S
Published: July 2019

The paper overviews directions for electrotechnology treatment of grain seeds before sowing. The hypothesis of the germination enhancement of seeds if treated with corona discharge is presented here. Besides, the description of electrotechnology installation and facilities for it including manufacturing process quality obtained as a result of scientific tests are also provided in the paper.
Energy efficiency in primary aluminium industry
Authors: Fedorov S N , Palyanitsin P S
Published: July 2019

The extraction of metals and subsequent processing into finished product takes place in series of various operations which demand the usage of much energy. Saving energy is the main purpose of the present industry investigations. Aluminium industry is one the greatest energy consumers with 13-17 kWh/kg of Al and low energy efficiency of 40-50 %. At the same time every day researchers strive to increase current output and reduce energy consumption of aluminium pots for primary aluminium used in various applications. In the present work, the attention is given to the energy efficiency. In particular, it is considered that titanium diboride is used in cathode pot lining to prolong cell’s life cycle, to reduce the electric consumption of cell series due to the voltage drop and reducing anode to cathode distance.
Development of a method of applying nanostructured and wear-resistant coatings with high adhesion to the surface of the cutting tool
Authors: Litvinov A E , Buzko V U , Balaev E Yu , Goryachko A I
Published: July 2019

The article presents a method of obtaining a nanostructured wear-resistant high-hard coating with high physicomechanical and strength characteristics resistance to shock and vibration loads. The result is an increase in adhesion between the substrate and the coating, as well as an increase in microhardness.
The study of the quality of the surface layer of the pump plunger
Authors: Palaev A G , Shipachev A M , Nosov V V , Chipura S I
Published: July 2019

The paper presents data on the parameters that determine the quality of the surface layer of the pump plunger, such as roughness and hardness. The results of the study of the quality of the surface layer of the pump plunger, after turning with a blade tool and after ultrasonic hardening and finishing processing, are presented. Analysis of the obtained results of the state of the surface layer shows a significant decrease in roughness and an increase in the surface hardness of the plunger as a result of ultrasonic hardening and finishing processing, which contributes to an increase in the service life of the part.
Synthesis, structure and tribological properties of nanocomposite materials in the system of potassium polytitanate – layered double hydroxide – serpentinite
Authors: Tsiganov A , Krivonogova A , Nikityuk T , Smirnova O , Gorokhovsky A
Published: July 2019

The synthesis of some nanocomposite materials in the ternary system of potassium polytitanate (PPT)-layered double hydroxide (LDH)-synthetic serpentinite (SS) is considered. The tribology behavior of some model greases obtained by introduction of different nanocomposite additives in the universal industrial grease of the Litol-24 trademark is investigated using standard testing procedures. The obtained results have shown that the synthesized nanopowders improve anti-friction and anti-wear properties of the standard lubricating composition. It is shown that the enhanced tribology performance is attributed to a complex layered structure of the produced nanocomposites and their chemical interaction with a worn surface of the metal.
Investigation of the tribological properties of ultrafine diamond-graphite powder as an additive to greases
Authors: Dokshanin S G , Tynchenko V S , Bukhtoyarov V V , Bashmur K A , Kukartsev V V
Published: July 2019

The paper presents the results of studies on the use of plastic lubricants with ultrafine diamond-graphite powder in rolling bearings. Under operating conditions, even with a short-term toughening of the operation mode, it is possible to establish the boundary mode of friction due to the extrusion of lubricant from the zone of the rolling elements contact with the tracks of the rings. This leads to an increase in friction torque and an increase in temperature, which affects the performance of rolling bearings. Reducing slippage, lowering the working temperature, limiting the friction torque can be achieved due to the quality of the lubricants used with improved anti-wear and antifriction properties. Tribological studies have established that the introduction of ultrafine diamond-graphite powder into the composition of basic industrial lubricants significantly improves their performance. The introduction of ultrafine diamond-graphite powder into a lubricant reduces the amount of rolling bearings wear 1.6–1.8 times, the friction torque - to 23–25 %. The temperature of the bearing assembly decreases by 16–20 %. The presence of a lubricant that can significantly reduce friction forces. It reduces the amount of internal stresses and retards the development of fatigue cracks, which can increase the service life of rolling bearings 1.5–2 times.
The formula for determining motivation indicators in the occupational risk management system
Authors: Shangareev R R
Published: July 2019

Improper organization of production, unsatisfactory working conditions, industrial accidents and occupational diseases cause serious economic losses for the government and employers. The labor protection management system formed during the Soviet era cannot reduce occupational injuries and morbidity, does not encourage employers to improve working conditions, and requires modernization. The article deals with motivation indicators in the occupational risk management system. Much attention is paid to the hazard prevention method aimed at identifying and analyzing circumstances causing dangerous situations. In assessing the motivation indicators and competence in the production and occupational risk management system, employee’s abilities to identify, evaluate and manage occupational risks, knowledge of occupational safety requirements, personal characteristics, skills, and experience in occupational safety are analyzed. It allows for reduction of the individual occupational risk level. The article concludes that it is necessary to study scientific and methodological foundations of an informative, simple, objective and understandable ORMS which includes motivation and competence indicators, to solve actual scientific and practical labor protection problems which are studied by Russian and EU experts.
Perfection of decision-making methods in multilevel hierarchical transport systems
Authors: Sushkov S , Burmistrova O , Timokhova O , Burmistrov V , Mikhaylenko E , Chemshikova Y
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the multi-level transport linking systems of timber enterprises, which are a hierarchical structure. It consists of the regional transport system management, which distributes limited resources and several transport subsystems (types of transport) producing the same type of transport products - interchangeable transportation.
Substantiation of the recovery of residual oil from low-productive and heterogeneous formations in Western Siberia by improving the waterflood system using gas and water-gas impacts
Authors: Valeev A S , Kotenev Yu A , Mukhametshin V Sh , Sultanov Sh Kh
Published: July 2019

The article substantiates the conditions for effective water and gas impact on productive formations of the Upper Jurassic and Achimov deposits of the Vyintoy oil field: for the UJ formation, alternate injection of “wet” gas and water (gas injection for 3 months – water injection for 3 months) with a maximum intake capacity of gas injection wells of 15 thousand m3per day with a total volume of gas agent injection of 20 % of the pore formation volume; for the Ach formation, continuous injection of “wet” gas with a maximum intake capacity of gas injection wells of 30 thousand m3per day.
The model of functioning of a set of small auto transport systems with unstable operation of vehicles
Authors: Vitvitskiy E E , Fedoseenkova E S
Published: July 2019

According to the results of the research, it has been found that the actual values of the execution time of the operations of the transport process differ from the planned ones. Consequently, the objective property of the transport process, besides discreteness, is the unevenness of the operation of auto vehicles. The need for accuracy of planned calculations determines the need to develop a descriptive model of the aggregate functioning of small-unsaturated auto transportation systems of freights, taking into account the indicated non-uniformity. The methodological basis of the research is the results of practical observations of the transportation process of construction freights dispatch by vehicles in Omsk. This descriptive model can be used in transport logistics when organizing transportation at the level of loading posts according to the “One to One” scheme.
From Industry 3.0 to Industry 4.0: production modernization and creation of innovative digital companies
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O
Published: July 2019

The task is being studied to create digital productions in smart factories of the Industry 4.0. Some mechanical and assembly productions of existing companies of the Industry 3.0 and mechanical and assembly productions of perspective companies of the Industry 4.0 are described. The basic components of a smart factory and their interconnection to organize a production activity using humanless and paperless technologies are defined. A comparison analysis of parts and blanks movement to complete route sheet of the item manufacturing (radio and electronic item designing) in the companies of the Industry 3.0 and Industry 4.0 is given. The components of a digital item designing company to be created and implemented in the industry at first hand are defined.
Effect of Bt Corn (Bt 38) Cultivation on Community Structure of Collembola
Authors: Chang Liang , Song Xinyuan , Wang Baifeng , Wu Donghui , Reddy Gadi V P
Published: July 2019

Transgenic corn has been modified to express a gene derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to combat lepidopteran pests. Bt proteins and the altered chemical composition of Bt crops may affect the role the soil fauna plays in the decomposition of Bt plants. A 2-y field study and a laboratory feeding experiment using corn leaves were conducted in northeastern China to investigate the effect of Bt corn—consisting of Bt corn (Bt 38) and a near-isoline of non-Bt corn (Z 58)—on the abundance, species richness, morphological traits, community structure, and fitness of soil Collembola. A total of 4,419 collembolans, comprised of 22 species, were recovered in this study. We found that Bt corn cultivation did not significantly affect abundance, species richness, or community structure of Collembola. Some rare isotomids of the genera Desoria Nicolet, 1841 (Collembola: Isotomidae) and Folsomia Willem, 1902 (Collembola: Isotomidae) were only recorded in non-Bt corn varieties and not in Bt corn varieties. Morphological traits, including the number of ocelli, body size, body pigmentation level, furca development, antennal length, and antenna:head ratio of Collembola were not changed by transgenic corn cultivation in the 2-y field study. Our results clearly found that the Bt corn did not affect community characteristics or traits of Collembola during this 2-y field study.
Evaluation of single-cell classifiers for single-cell RNA sequencing data sets
Authors: Zhao Xinlei , Wu Shuang , Fang Nan , Sun Xiao , Fan Jue
Published: July 2019

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been rapidly developing and widely applied in biological and medical research. Identification of cell types in scRNA-seq data sets is an essential step before in-depth investigations of their functional and pathological roles. However, the conventional workflow based on clustering and marker genes is not scalable for an increasingly large number of scRNA-seq data sets due to complicated procedures and manual annotation. Therefore, a number of tools have been developed recently to predict cell types in new data sets using reference data sets. These methods have not been generally adapted due to a lack of tool benchmarking and user guidance. In this article, we performed a comprehensive and impartial evaluation of nine classification software tools specifically designed for scRNA-seq data sets. Results showed that Seurat based on random forest, SingleR based on correlation analysis and CaSTLe based on XGBoost performed better than others. A simple ensemble voting of all tools can improve the predictive accuracy. Under nonideal situations, such as small-sized and class-imbalanced reference data sets, tools based on cluster-level similarities have superior performance. However, even with the function of assigning ‘unassigned’ labels, it is still challenging to catch novel cell types by solely using any of the single-cell classifiers. This article provides a guideline for researchers to select and apply suitable classification tools in their analysis workflows and sheds some lights on potential direction of future improvement on classification tools.
Developmental origins of ovarian disorder: impact of maternal lean gestational diabetes on the offspring ovarian proteome in mice†
Authors: Clark Kendra L , Talton Omonseigho O , Ganesan Shanthi , Schulz Laura C , Keating Aileen F
Published: July 2019

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an obstetric disorder affecting approximately 10% of pregnancies. The four high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) mouse model emulates GDM in lean women. Dams are fed a HFHS diet 1 week prior to mating and throughout gestation resulting in inadequate insulin response to glucose in mid-late pregnancy. The offspring of HFHS dams have increased adiposity, thus, we hypothesized that maternal metabolic alterations during lean GDM would compromise ovarian function in offspring both basally and in response to a control or HFHS diet in adulthood. Briefly, DLPL were lean dams and control diet pups; DLPH were lean dams and HFHS pups; DHPL were HFHS dams and control diet pups; and DHPH were HFHS dams and HFHS pups. A HFHS challenge in the absence of maternal GDM (DLPL vs. DLPH) increased 3 and decreased 30 ovarian proteins. Maternal GDM in the absence of a dietary stress (DLPL vs. DHPL) increased abundance of 4 proteins and decreased abundance of 85 proteins in the offspring ovary. Finally, 87 proteins increased, and 4 proteins decreased in offspring ovaries due to dietary challenge and exposure to maternal GDM in utero (DLPL vs. DHPH). Canopy FGF signaling regulator 2, deleted in azoospermia-associated protein 1, septin 7, and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 were altered across multiple offspring groups. Together, these findings suggest a possible impact on fertility and oocyte quality in relation to GDM exposure in utero as well as in response to a western diet in later life.
Nonclassical actions of estradiol-17beta are not detectable in the alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 immortalized gonadotrope cell lines†
Authors: Davis Tracy L
Published: July 2019

The immortalized mouse gonadotrope cell lines alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 cells have been a substitute model for primary gonadotropes. These cell lines have provided a homogeneous cell population, as compared to the dissociated anterior pituitaries, which contain a heterogeneous population of cells potentially responsive to estradiol-17beta (E2). Nonclassical actions of E2 assumed to occur through the plasma membrane estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1, also known as ERalpha). These actions have included inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced increases in intracellular calcium concentrations and phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK-1/2) in ovine pituitaries including primary gonadotropes in vitro. The objective of the present experiment was to determine if alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 are cell models with limitations to examine the nonclassical actions of E2 occurring in gonadotropes. Experiments were conducted to determine if the cells have ESR1 at the plasma membrane using biotinylation cell and isolation of surface protein and staining with a fluorescently labeled E2 conjugate. The alphaT3-1 cells contain ESR1 associated with but not enriched within lipid rafts of the plasma membrane and do not translocate to lipid rafts upon binding of E2. In contrast, LbetaT2 cells lack ESR1 associated with the plasma membrane. Pretreatment with E2 did not cause inhibition of GnRH-stimulated increases in intracellular concentrations of calcium for either cell type. Phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 was not stimulated by E2 in either cell type. Although these cells lines have been used extensively to study GnRH signaling, in vitro or in vivo effects of nonclassical actions of E2 cannot be replicated in either cell line.