bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paleo-topographic Reconstruction of Cultural Landscapes using Remote Sensing and GIS: A case study of the ancient port of Tamralipti
Authors: Arya Pradeep S , M B Rajani
Published: February 2023

Human interaction with the landscape they inhabit leaves imprints that are largely inconspicuous on the ground. Yet, these remain the most thought provoking among the sets of clues available to us in fuelling the quest to understand our past. Spatial view provided by satellite imagery plays a pivotal part in enabling us to identify these imprints in the form of patterns. In this study, a paleo-environmental reconstruction of a particular cultural landscape using geo-spatial tools has been attempted. A range of historical documents (textual records such as traveller’s accounts dating to 5th and 7th centuries CE, maps of the Indian sub-continent published in the 18th and 19th centuries) and satellite imagery of the last 50 years (CORONA, Google Earth Digital Globe ) are used to identify and analyse the distribution of cultural sites that are hitherto unexplored to understand the impact of past changes to the landscape of these ancient sites located along one of the most dynamic regions of the Indian subcontinent: the Gangetic Delta. The identification of numerous sites of a distinct pattern and their distribution, analysed along with the morphological signature of the landscape on which they remain almost undetected has led to certain inferences on the possible location and extents of the ancient port of Tamralipti. The study also reveals the coastal and deltaic changes in the vicinity of the ancient port.
Analisis Dampak Pengembangan Produk Terhadap Penjualan Dan Klaim Kualitas Produk Pada PT. Filtrasi Indonesia
Authors: Anzar Fredy
Published: February 2023

Saat ini pengembangan produk merupakan hal penting supaya perusahaan tetap bisa bertahan dari gempuran pesaing. Banyak kasus dimana perusahaan-perusahaan yang terlambat dalam pengembangan produknya akan ditinggalkan oleh pelanggannya dan berakibat tutupnya bisnis perusahaan tersebut. Sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak dalam industri manufaktur filter yang mempunyai jumlah varian produk yang sangat banyak, maka pengembangan produk dengan menambah jumlah varian produk yang sudah ada akan menjadi sangat penting. Semakin lengkap varian produk, maka kebutuhan pelanggan dapat dipenuhi oleh satu merek saja dan akan mengurangi resiko pelanggan beralih ke merek lain. Dengan semakin pendeknya siklus hidup produk, maka suatu produk akan lebih cepat mengalami tahap penurunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang selanjutnya diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan produk dengan menambah jumlah varian produk berpengaruh secara positif terhadap penjualan dan klaim kualitas
Dime Con Quién Anda Guadalupe
Authors: Warner Michael
Published: February 2023

Dime con quién andas, y te diré quién eres – Tell me with whom you walk, and I will tell you who you are. This is one of the most common sayings in the Spanish language, and one that appears at least as far back as Cervantes’ Don Quijote de la Mancha, published in 1615. In this paper I will explore briefly how this saying applies to Our Lady of Guadalupe by asking with whom the Virgin walks in order to discern who the Virgin is. I consciously do not start with theology, with the magisterium, or with the clergy. Instead, I look at the story, and at the storytellers – those stories that describe mysteries “cured in centuries of blood and candle smoke,” those people for whom “five hundred years of sorrow have not destroyed their deepest faith.” In their experience and praxis we find Guadalupe.
Beyond issue publics? Curating a corpus of generic Danish debate in the dying days of the Facebook API
Authors: Kristian Munk Anders , Gehrt Olesen Asger
Published: February 2023

This article recounts and reflects on our experience of interacting with Facebook’s data infrastructure during some pivotal months of change in early 2018. We show how the technical affordances of the Application Programming Interface (API) have critical consequences for the practice of digital controversy mapping and hence argue for the necessity of engaging with changes to these affordances: a consequential data moment for digital STS. The tools that controversy mappers have developed over the past 20 years have focused predominantly on the construction and curation of issue-specific datasets. This is partly justified in the theoretical positions underpinning actor-network theoretical controversy analysis, but it is also technically more convenient than demo- or geographical delimitations. Through the example of mapping the Danish HPV debate, we demonstrate the necessity of being able to challenge the issue-specific approach, and we show how this involves direct engagement with the API. We thus provide an inside perspective from a research practice that relies heavily on data from digital platforms and discuss how the closure of public access to API endpoints severely limits this kind of critical engagement.
Integración cooperativa agroalimentaria. Análisis en Extremadura frente a los retos del Plan de Acción de la UE para la Economía Social
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández María Isabel , Castilla-Polo Francisca
Published: February 2023

El tamaño cooperativo puede ser determinante para el actual Plan de Acción de la Unión Europea en el ámbito de la Economía Social, que pretende impulsar al sector ayudándolo a que la transición digital, ecológica, verde y circular, sea efectiva. En este estudio proponemos una revisión de los incentivos a la integración cooperativa agroalimentaria a nivel español como uno de los ejes prioritarios de actuación del Gobierno de España y alineado con el Plan de Acción Social Europeo. Concretamente, se estudia la situación autonómica y la normativa de aplicación para obtener una visión de conjunto sobre las debilidades y fortalezas que el entramado normativo presenta al respecto de la integración de cooperativas y su relación con el caso extremeño. La existencia de importantes divergencias por Comunidades Autónomas es una de las principales conclusiones alcanzadas.
Las cooperativas y su impacto en un mundo digitalizado. Valoraciones desde y para Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez Musa Orestes , Hernández Aguilar Orisel
Published: February 2023

Las tecnologías de la información suponen una oportunidad para mejorar la competitividad de las empresas, que en el caso de las cooperativas también debe propiciar su contribución a la sociedad. En Cuba se ha venido produciendo un importante proceso de trasformación digital, que ha resultado consustancial al perfeccionamiento del modelo socioeconómico nacional. Tomando como referencia ese contexto, el presente trabajo se ocupa de valorar la manera en que impactan las cooperativas en el proceso de digitalización en la Isla. Para ello, se explica el desenvolvimiento de las transformaciones digitales en el país; se analiza el marco institucional de las cooperativas en Cuba, partiendo de sus antecedentes históricos hasta la actualidad; y, por último, se valora la inserción de estas formas asociativas en el proceso de transformación digital patrio.
miRNA-27a is essential for bone remodeling by modulating p62-mediated osteoclast signaling
Authors: Wang Shumin , Maruyama Eri O , Martinez John , Lopes Justin , Hsu Trunee , Wu Wencheng , Hsu Wei , Maruyama Takamitsu
Published: February 2023

The ability to simultaneously modulate a set of genes for lineage-specific development has made miRNA an ideal master regulator for organogenesis. However, most miRNA deletions do not exhibit obvious phenotypic defects possibly due to functional redundancy. miRNAs are known to regulate skeletal lineages as the loss of their maturation enzyme Dicer impairs bone remodeling processes. Therefore, it is important to identify specific miRNA essential for bone homeostasis. We report the loss of MIR27a causing severe osteoporosis in mice. MIR27a affects osteoclast-mediated bone resorption but not osteoblast-mediated bone formation during skeletal remodeling. Gene profiling and bioinformatics further identify the specific targets of MIR27a in osteoclast cells. MIR27a exerts its effects on osteoclast differentiation through modulation of Squstm1/p62 whose mutations have been linked to Paget’s disease of bone. Our findings reveal a new MIR27a-p62 axis necessary and sufficient to mediate osteoclast differentiation and highlight a therapeutic implication for osteoporosis.
Data mining-based recommendation system using social networks—an analytical study
Authors: Ajmal Sahar , Awais Muhammad , Khurshid Khaldoon S , Shoaib Muhammad , Abdelrahman Anas
Published: February 2023

In the current age, social media is commonly used and shares enormous data. However, a huge amount of data makes it difficult to deal with. It requires a lot of storage and processing time. The content produced by social media needs to be stored efficiently by using data mining methods for providing suitable recommendations. The goal of the study is to perform a systematic literature review (SLR) which finds, analyzes, and evaluates studies that relate to data mining-based recommendation systems using social networks (DRSN) from 2011 to 2021 and open up a path for scientific investigations to enhance the development of recommendation systems in a social network. The SLR follows Kitchenhem’s methodology for planning, guiding, and reporting the review. A systematic study selection procedure results in 42 studies that are analyzed in this article. The selected articles are examined on the base of four research questions. The research questions focus on publication venues, and chronological, and geographical distribution in DRSN. It also deals with approaches used to formulate DRSN, along with the dataset, size of the dataset, and evaluation metrics that validate the result of the selected study. Lastly, the limitations of the 42 studies are discussed. As a result, most articles published in 2018 acquired 21% of 42 articles, Whereas, China contributes 40% in this domain by comparing to other countries. Furthermore, 61% of articles are published in IEEE. Moreover, approximately 21% (nine out of 42 studies) use collaborative filtering for providing recommendations. Furthermore, the Twitter data set is common in that 19% of all other data sets are used, and precision and recall both cover 28% of selected articles for providing recommendations in social networks. The limitations show a need for a hybrid model that concatenates different algorithms and methods for providing recommendations. The study concludes that hybrid models may help to provide suitable recommendations on social media using data mining rules.
Complet+: a computationally scalable method to improve completeness of large-scale protein sequence clustering
Authors: Nguyen Rachel , Sokhansanj Bahrad A. , Polikar Robi , Rosen Gail L.
Published: February 2023

A major challenge for clustering algorithms is to balance the trade-off between homogeneity, i.e., the degree to which an individual cluster includes only related sequences, and completeness, the degree to which related sequences are broken up into multiple clusters. Most algorithms are conservative in grouping sequences with other sequences. Remote homologs may fail to be clustered together and instead form unnecessarily distinct clusters. The resulting clusters have high homogeneity but completeness that is too low. We propose Complet+, a computationally scalable post-processing method to increase the completeness of clusters without an undue cost in homogeneity. Complet+ proves to effectively merge closely-related clusters of protein that have verified structural relationships in the SCOPe classification scheme, improving the completeness of clustering results at little cost to homogeneity. Applying Complet+ to clusters obtained using MMseqs2’s clusterupdate achieves an increased V-measure of 0.09 and 0.05 at the SCOPe superfamily and family levels, respectively. Complet+ also creates more biologically representative clusters, as shown by a substantial increase in Adjusted Mutual Information (AMI) and Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) metrics when comparing predicted clusters to biological classifications. Complet+ similarly improves clustering metrics when applied to other methods, such as CD-HIT and linclust. Finally, we show that Complet+ runtime scales linearly with respect to the number of clusters being post-processed on a COG dataset of over 3 million sequences. Code and supplementary information is available on Github: https://github.com/EESI/Complet-Plus.
A novel gene signature related to oxidative stress predicts the prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Sheng , Ge Yue , Xiong Zezhong , Wang Yanan , Li Le , Chao Zheng , Li Beining , Zhang Junbiao , Ma Siquan , Xiao Jun , Liu Bo , Wang Zhihua
Published: February 2023

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is considered to be related to the worse prognosis, which might in part be attributed to the early recurrence and metastasis, compared with other type of kidney cancer. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between production of oxidants and antioxidant defense. Accumulative studies have indicated that oxidative stress genes contribute to the tumor invasion, metastasis and drug sensitivity. However, the biological functions of oxidative stress genes in ccRCC remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified 1,399 oxidative stress genes from GeneCards with a relevance score ≥7. Data for analysis were accessed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database, and were utilized as training set and validation set respectively. Univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and multivariate Cox were employed to construct a prognostic signature in ccRCC. Finally, a prognostic signature including four different oxidative stress genes was constructed from 1,399 genes, and its predictive performance was verified through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Interestingly, we found that there was significant correlation between the expression of oxidative stress genes and the immune infiltration and the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutics. Moreover, the highest hazard ratio gene urocortin (UCN) was chosen for further study; some necessary vitro experiments proved that the UCN could promote the ability of ccRCC proliferation and migration and contribute to the degree of oxidative stress. In conclusion, it was promising to predict the prognosis of ccRCC through the four oxidative stress genes signature. UCN played oncogenic roles in ccRCC by influencing proliferation and oxidative stress pathway, which was expected to be the novel therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Effectiveness of Natural Preservative Ingredients Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) on the Shelf Life of Fresh Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Rahmani Alifa Nadia , Junianto . , Rosidah . , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: February 2023

This research aims to determine the best concentration of garlic extract that can be used so that the shelf life of vannamei shrimp can last longer. This research was conducted in May - August 2022 at the Fisheries Product Processing Laboratory, Padjadjaran University. This research used an experimental method with 4 tratments concentration of garlic: 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15%. The parameters observed in this research included the phytochemical test of garlic extract, the Total Plate Count (TPC) test, the scoring test and the degree of acidity (pH) test. Statistical of the data obtained from the results of the phytochemical test, Total Plate Count (TPC) and degree of acidity (pH) were analyzed descriptively comparatively while the scoring test was analyzed non-parametrically using Friedman's two-way analysis of variance with the Chi-square test. The results showed that the use of garlic extract with a concentration of 10% on vannamei shrimp during cold storage (0 - 4oC) had the longest shelf life of up to 5 days with a total bacterial count of around 4.9 x 105 CFU/g, a pH value of 7 with the appearance starts to change color, the smell is neutral but starts to smell a little ammonia and the texture is less elastic but still compact and solid.
Presenteeism in Health Professionals / Presenteísmo em Profissionais de Saúde
Authors: Goncalves Rosa Helena Aparecida , Simões Ana Lúcia de Assis , Silva Ana Cintia Ribeiro da , Jilou Vivian , Nunes Jordana Stival , Engel Rosana Huppes
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas sobre presenteísmo em profissionais da saúde publicadas entre 2008 e 2018. Métodos: revisão integrativa, utilizando os seguintes descritores controlados: presenteísmo, pessoal de saúde e saúde do trabalhador, nos idiomas português e inglês, nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Resultados: os artigos selecionados foram publicados nos últimos 4 anos da pesquisa e todos apresentaram abordagem quantitativa. Os achados foram: três diferentes conceitos de presenteísmo; diferentes períodos recordatórios; cinco instrumentos de mensuração e fatores que influenciam no presenteísmo. Conclusão: estudos que investigam o presenteísmo em profissionais de saúde ainda são escassos, e a falta de padronização de instrumentos e períodos recordatórios ocasionam vieses nos resultados encontrados na literatura e prejudicam a investigação e aplicação da temática.
A Universal Programmer for Cardiac Implantable Electrical Devices—Clinical, Technical, and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Kramer Daniel B. , Moe Marie E. G. , Peters Nicholas S.
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint explores the clinical, technical, and ethical considerations arguing in favor of a universal platform for cardiac implantable electrical device communication.
Abortion Restriction and Mental Health
Authors: Wisner Katherine L. , Appelbaum Paul S.
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the specific concerns for psychiatrists about the impact of abortion restrictions on people with mental illness.
Baseline characteristics of the North American prodromal Synucleinopathy cohort
Authors: Elliott Jonathan E. , Lim Miranda M. , Keil Allison T. , Postuma Ronald B. , Pelletier Amelie , Gagnon Jean‐François , St. Louis Erik K. , Forsberg Leah K. , Fields Julie A. , Huddleston Daniel E. , Bliwise Donald L. , Avidan Alon Y. , Howell Michael J. , Schenck Carlos H. , McLeland Jennifer , Criswell Susan R. , Videnovic Aleksandar , During Emmanuel H. , Miglis Mitchell G. , Shprecher David R. , Lee‐Iannotti Joyce K. , Boeve Bradley F. , Ju Yo‐El S. ,   the North American Prodromal Synucleinopathy (NAPS) Consortium
Published: February 2023

Objective

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is widely considered a prodromal synucleinopathy, as most with RBD develop overt synucleinopathy within ~10 years. Accordingly, RBD offers an opportunity to test potential treatments at the earliest stages of synucleinopathy. The North American Prodromal Synucleinopathy (NAPS) Consortium has created a multisite RBD participant, primarily clinic‐based cohort to better understand characteristics at diagnosis, and in future work, identify predictors of phenoconversion, develop synucleinopathy biomarkers, and enable early stage clinical trial enrollment.

Methods

Participants ≥18 years of age with overnight polysomnogram‐confirmed RBD without Parkinson's disease, dementia, multiple system atrophy, or narcolepsy were enrolled from nine sites across North America (8/2018 to 4/2021). Data collection included family/personal history of RBD and standardized assessments of cognitive, motor, sensory, and autonomic function.

Results

Outcomes are primarily reported based on sex (361 total: n = 295 male, n = 66 female), and secondarily based on history of antidepressant use (n = 200 with, n = 154 without; with correction for sex differences) and based on extent of synucleinopathy burden (n = 56 defined as isolated RBD, n = 305 defined as RBD+ [i.e., exhibiting ≥1 abnormality]). Overall, these participants commonly demonstrated abnormalities in global cognition (MoCA; 38%), motor function (alternate tap test; 48%), sensory (BSIT; 57%), autonomic function (orthostatic hypotension, 38.8%), and anxiety/depression (BAI and PHQ‐9; 39.3% and 31%, respectively).

Interpretation

These RBD participants, assessed with extensive history, demographic, cognitive, motor, sensory, and autonomic function demonstrated a lack of sex differences and high frequency of concomitant neurological abnormalities. These participants will be valuable for future longitudinal study and neuroprotective clinical trials.
Funnel Devices Based on Asymmetrically Strained Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Park Myung Uk , Kim Myeongjin , Kim Sung Hyun , Lee ChangJun , Lee Kyo‐Seok , Jeong Jaehun , Cho Mann‐Ho , Kim Dug Young , Yoo Kyung‐Hwa
Published: February 2023

The strain applied to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) reduces their energy bandgap, and local strains result in a funnel‐like band structure in which funneled excitons move toward the most strained region. Herein, a funnel device based on asymmetrically strained WS2 and MoS2 is reported. Asymmetric strains are induced by transferring the TMD flakes onto a fork‐shaped SU‐8 microstructure. Raman and photoluminescence spectra peaks are shifted according to the morphology of the SU‐8 microstructure, indicating the application of asymmetric strains to the TMDs. To investigate whether funneled excitons can be converted to electrical currents, various devices are constructed by depositing symmetric and asymmetric electrodes onto the strained TMDs. The scanning photocurrent mapping images follow a fork‐shaped pattern, indicating probable conversion of the funneled excitons into electrical currents. In the case of the funnel devices with asymmetric Au and Al electrodes, short‐circuit current (ISC) of WS2 is enhanced by the strains, whereas ISC of MoS2 is suppressed because the Schottky barrier lowers with increasing strain for the MoS2. These results demonstrate that the funnel devices can be implemented using asymmetrically strained TMDs and the effect of strains on the Schottky barrier is dependent on the TMD used.
Personal Thermoregulation by Moisture‐Engineered Materials
Authors: Li Xiuqiang , Guo Wanlin , Hsu Po‐Chun
Published: February 2023

Personal thermal management can effectively manage the skin microenvironment, improve human comfort, and reduce energy consumption. In personal thermal‐management technology, owing to the high latent heat of water evaporation in wet‐response textiles, heat‐ and moisture‐transfer coexist and interact with each other. In the last few years, with rapid advances in materials science and innovative polymers, humidity‐sensitive textiles have been developed for personal thermal management. However, a large gap exists between the conceptual laboratory‐scale design and actual textile. Here, moisture‐responsive textiles based on flap opening and closing, those based on yarn/fiber deformation, and sweat‐evaporation regulation based on textile design for personal thermoregulation are reviewed, and the corresponding mechanisms and research progress are discussed. Finally, the existing engineering and scientific limitations and future developments are considered to resolve the existing issues and accelerate the practical application of moisture‐responsive textiles and related technologies.
Peptide‐Crosslinked, Highly Entangled Hydrogels with Excellent Mechanical Properties but Ultra‐Low Solid Content
Authors: Liu Pengyu , Zhang Yan , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun
Published: February 2023

Low solid content is the ultimate reason for the brittleness and weakness of ordinary hydrogels. Here, hydrogels with ultra‐low solid content but good mechanical properties are successfully synthesized using high monomer concentrations and low cross‐linker/monomer ratios to obtain highly entangled structure and poly(l‐lysine)‐based cross‐linker to introduce peptide chains. Compared with hydrogel cross‐linked with N,N'‐methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), the peptide‐crosslinked one has a larger swelling degree in water, leading to fully swollen gel with ultra‐low solid content (5.8%). However, it still exhibits excellent mechanical properties, including high stretchability (440%), high tensile strength (220 KPa), superb resilience (99%), high fracture toughness (2100 J m−2), excellent fatigue resistance (720 J m−2), low friction (0.0059), and high wear resistance. These properties are comparable to or even better than the BIS‐crosslinked hydrogel, although the former has much lower solid content. The excellent mechanical properties of the peptide‐crosslinked gel are attributed to its highly entangled structure and also to the introduction of a novel mechanism for energy dissipation, that is, energy dissipation via breakage of intramolecular hydrogen bonds stabilizing the helical structure of the peptide.
Biomimetic In Vitro Lung Models: Current Challenges and Future Perspective
Authors: Doryab Ali , Groll Jürgen
Published: February 2023

As post‐COVID complications, chronic respiratory diseases are one of the foremost causes of mortality. The quest for a cure for this recent global challenge underlines that the lack of predictive in vitro lung models is one of the main bottlenecks in pulmonary preclinical drug development. Despite rigorous efforts to develop biomimetic in vitro lung models, the current cutting‐edge models represent a compromise in numerous technological and biological aspects. Most advanced in vitro models are still in the “proof‐of‐concept” phase with a low clinical translation of the findings. On the other hand, advances in cellular and molecular studies are mainly based on relatively simple and unrealistic in vitro models. Herein, the current challenges and potential strategies toward not only bioinspired but truly biomimetic lung models are discussed.
Inhibited Crack Development by Compressive Strain in Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Mechanical Stability
Authors: Yuan Guizhou , Xie Wenqiang , Song Qizhen , Ma Sai , Ma Yue , Shi Congbo , Xiao Mengqi , Pei Fengtao , Niu Xiuxiu , Zhang Ying , Dou Jie , Zhu Cheng , Bai Yang , Wu Yiliang , Wang Hao , Fan Qunbo , Chen Qi
Published: February 2023

Metal halide perovskites are promising as next‐generation photovoltaic materials, but stability issues are still a huge obstacle to their commercialization. Here, the formation and evolution of cracks in perovskite films during thermal cycling, which affect their mechanical stability, are investigated. Compressive strain is employed to suppress cracks and delamination by in situ formed polymers with low elastic modulus during crystal growth. The resultant devices pass the thermal‐cycling qualification (IEC61215:2016), retaining 95% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) and compressive strain after 230 cycles. Meanwhile, the p–i–n devices deliver PCEs of 23.91% (0.0805 cm2) and 23.27% (1 cm2). The findings shed light on strain engineering with respect to their evolution, which enables mechanically stable perovskite solar cells.
Small Molecule‐Templated DNA Hydrogel with Record Stiffness Integrates and Releases DNA Nanostructures and Gene Silencing Nucleic Acids
Authors: Lachance‐Brais Christophe , Rammal Mostafa , Asohan Jathavan , Katolik Adam , Luo Xin , Saliba Daniel , Jonderian Antranik , Damha Masad J. , Harrington Matthew J. , Sleiman Hanadi F.
Published: February 2023

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hydrogels are a unique class of programmable, biocompatible materials able to respond to complex stimuli, making them valuable in drug delivery, analyte detection, cell growth, and shape‐memory materials. However, unmodified DNA hydrogels in the literature are very soft, rarely reaching a storage modulus of 103 Pa, and they lack functionality, limiting their applications. Here, a DNA/small‐molecule motif to create stiff hydrogels from unmodified DNA, reaching 105 Pa in storage modulus is used. The motif consists of an interaction between polyadenine and cyanuric acid—which has 3‐thymine like faces—into multimicrometer supramolecular fibers. The mechanical properties of these hydrogels are readily tuned, they are self‐healing and thixotropic. They integrate a high density of small, nontoxic molecules, and are functionalized simply by varying the molecule sidechain. They respond to three independent stimuli, including a small molecule stimulus. These stimuli are used to integrate and release DNA wireframe and DNA origami nanostructures within the hydrogel. The hydrogel is applied as an injectable delivery vector, releasing an antisense oligonucleotide in cells, and increasing its gene silencing efficacy. This work provides tunable, stimuli‐responsive, exceptionally stiff all‐DNA hydrogels from simple sequences, extending these materials’ capabilities.
Exploration of Chemical Composition of In–Ga–Zn–O System via PEALD Technique for Optimal Physical and Electrical Properties
Authors: Hong TaeHyun , Kim Yoon‐Seo , Choi Su‐Hwan , Lim Jun Hyung , Park Jin‐Seong
Published: February 2023

In–Ga–Zn–O (IGZO) material has been researched due to its favorable electrical characteristics for application in thin‐film transistor (TFT) applications such as low off current and relatively high mobility. However, most recently, as the developing and expanding application fields, conventional IGZO is a challenging aspect because higher mobility and excellent step‐coverage are required to be applied to high‐resolution displays and 3D NAND. In this regard, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is suggested as a novel deposition method for tackling issues. Here, this work systematically synthesizes IGZO films with various compositions by the supercycle technique of plasma‐enhanced ALD (PEALD) to determine the optimum metal cation composition range of the IGZO system for high‐mobility TFTs. The trends in the metal composition dependent electrical properties of ALD processed IGZO films are comparable to the previously reported results, while the structural properties are exclusive. Since both microstructure and carrier concentration affect to device characteristics complexly, the optimal In–Ga–Zn region is newly demonstrated via PEALD (XIn: 0.56–0.63, XGa: 0.13–0.17, XZn: 0.17–0.34). In this region, the device exhibits a remarkably high µFE of 41.4–43.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, a low subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.24–0.25 V decade−1, an initial threshold voltage (Vth) of −0.9 to −1.0 V, and a slight Vth shift (0.01 V) under the positive bias temperature stability (PBTS).
A mutational hotspot in AMOTL1 defines a new syndrome of orofacial clefting, cardiac anomalies, and tall stature
Authors: Strong Alanna , Rao Soumya , von Hardenberg Sandra , Li Dong , Cox Liza L. , Lee Paul C. , Zhang Li Q. , Awotoye Waheed , Diamond Tamir , Gold Jessica , Gooch Catherine , Gowans Lord Jephthah Joojo , Hakonarson Hakon , Hing Anne , Loomes Kathleen , Martin Nicole , Selvanayagam Thanuja , Marazita Mary L. , Mononen Tarja , Piccoli David , Pfundt Rolph , Raskin Salmo , Scherer Stephen W. , Sobriera Nara , Vaccaro Courtney , Wang Xiang , Watson Deborah , Weksberg Rosanna , Bhoj Elizabeth , Murray Jeffrey C. , Lidral Andrew C. , Butali Azeez , Buckley Michael F. , Roscioli Tony , Koolen David A. , Seaver Laurie H. , Prows Cynthia A. , Stottmann Rolf W. , Cox Timothy C.
Published: February 2023

AMOTL1 encodes angiomotin‐like protein 1, an actin‐binding protein that regulates cell polarity, adhesion, and migration. The role of AMOTL1 in human disease is equivocal. We report a large cohort of individuals harboring heterozygous AMOTL1 variants and define a core phenotype of orofacial clefting, congenital heart disease, tall stature, auricular anomalies, and gastrointestinal manifestations in individuals with variants in AMOTL1 affecting amino acids 157–161, a functionally undefined but highly conserved region. Three individuals with AMOTL1 variants outside this region are also described who had variable presentations with orofacial clefting and multi‐organ disease. Our case cohort suggests that heterozygous missense variants in AMOTL1, most commonly affecting amino acid residues 157–161, define a new orofacial clefting syndrome, and indicates an important functional role for this undefined region.
Phenotypic heterogeneity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Copy Number Variants as genetic modifiers for congenital heart disease in a Brazilian cohort
Authors: Zamariolli M. , Dantas A. G. , Nunes N. , Moysés‐Oliveira M. , Sgardioli I. C. , Soares D. C. Q. , Gil‐Da‐Silva‐Lopes V. L. , Kim C. A. , Melaragno M. I.
Published: February 2023

The clinical heterogeneity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) underlies complex genetic mechanisms including variants in other regions of the genome, known as genetic modifiers. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most relevant phenotypes in the syndrome and copy number variants (CNVs) outside the 22q11.2 region could play a role in its variable expressivity. Since those described loci account for a small proportion of the variability, the CNV analysis in new cohorts from different ancestry‐based populations constitutes a valuable resource to identify a wider range of modifiers. We performed SNP‐array in 117 Brazilian patients with 22q11.2DS, with and without CHD, and leveraged genome‐wide CNV analysis. After quality control, we selected 50 CNVs in 38 patients for downstream analysis. CNVs' genetic content and implicated biological pathways were compared between patients with and without CHD. CNV‐affected genes in patients with CHD were enriched for several functional terms related to ubiquitination, transcription factor binding sites and miRNA targets, highlighting the complexity of the phenotype's expressivity. Cardiac‐related genes were identified in both groups of patients suggesting that increasing risk and protective mechanisms could be involved. These genes and enriched pathways could indicate new modifiers to the cardiac phenotype in 22q11.2DS patients.
A Fourfold Gold(I)−Aryl Macrocycle with Hyperbolic Geometry and its Reductive Elimination to a Carbon Nanoring Host
Authors: Grabicki Niklas , Fisher Sergey , Dumele Oliver
Published: February 2023

An ethylene glycol‐decorated [6]cyclo‐meta‐phenylene (CMP) macrocycle was synthesized and utilized as a subunit to construct a fourfold AuI2−aryl metallacycle with an overall square arrangement. The corners consist of rigid dinuclear gold(I) complexes previously known to form only triangular metallacycles. The interplay between the conformational flexibility of the [6]CMP macrocycle and the rigid dinuclear gold(I) moieties enable the square geometry, as revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The formation of the gold complex shows size‐selectivity compared to an alternative route using platinum(II) corner motifs. Upon reductive elimination, an all‐organic ether‐decorated carbon nanoring was obtained. Investigation as a host for the complexation of large guest molecules with a suitable convex π‐surfaces was accomplished using isothermal NMR binding titrations. Association constants for [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP), [7]CPP, C60, and C70 were determined.
Efficient toluene low‐temperature elimination over manganese oxides: Unveiling the decisive role of lattice oxygen
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Shuning , Liu Wei , Cui Ruoyang , Liu Shuchen , Feng Yang , Zhang Xuejun
Published: February 2023

Manganese oxide catalysts are considered to be active in the catalytic purification of volatile organic compounds based on two theories. According to one view, defects are mainly constructed to increase the amount of adsorbed oxygen and, consequently, the catalytic activity, whereas the opposite view suggests that the mobility of lattice oxygen is the main reason for determining the catalytic performance. In order to investigate which form of oxygen is the key factor controlling the catalytic performance of manganese oxides, a series of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS‐2) with different adsorption and lattice oxygen properties were synthesized in this study, and the catalytic oxidation performance of the catalysts for toluene was examined. The impact of various oxygen species on the catalytic activity of OMS‐2 was investigated in depth by characterization by Raman, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, O2 temperature‐programmed desorption, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and so forth. It was discovered that OMS‐2‐150 exhibits excellent catalytic activity for toluene purification due to its higher Mn4+ and lattice oxygen as well as low‐temperature reducibility. In addition, in situ diffuse reflectance, infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy also verified that lattice oxygen dominates the reaction and improves the catalytic performance. As such, in contrast to previous investigations, this study found that lattice oxygen migration was more important than adsorbed oxygen content for manganese oxides in the field of volatile organic compounds purification. This brings a new perspective to the preparation of manganese‐based catalysts with promising catalytic behaviors.
Effect of compatibilizers on polyethylene‐eucalyptus lignin blends
Authors: Vachon Jérôme , Assad‐Alkhateb Derar , de Araujo Hsia Laura , Lora Jairo H. , Baumberger Stéphanie
Published: February 2023

Eucalyptus Kraft lignin was blended in various proportions with two different types of polyethylene (PE) (low‐density polyethylene and post‐consumer recycled [PCR]), with or without compatibilizer (PE‐glycidyl methacrylate [GMA] or PE‐2‐hydroxyethyl methyl acrylate copolymers). Materials prepared by injection molding or extrusion casting were characterized for their thermal, antioxidant, antibacterial and mechanical properties. In addition, the photo‐permeability was assessed, as this property is specifically relevant to mulching applications. The use of compatibilizers enhanced the antioxidant properties which reached more than 3 h oxidation induction time when lignin was present at 20 wt% and beyond. Good antibacterial properties were obtained on Gram‐positive bacteria when using PE‐GMA as compatibilizer. The photo‐permeability of the materials was also reduced, reaching a transmittance lower than 5% throughout the whole measurement range (200–800 nm) in PCR. However, higher lignin contents led to a more brittle material and the overall processability of the material became more difficult, features that were not improved by compatibilizers. These materials are promising candidates for mulching film application, especially with PCR which still lacks high‐volume market applications.
Degradation of biobased poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) and polyglycolide acid blends under lipase conditions
Authors: Han Weiqiang , Liao Xia
Published: February 2023

Bio‐based polymer materials are considered to have function of protecting the environment, and improving the degradation performance of bio‐based polymer materials is of great significance to realize the green cycle of production‐use‐degradation of plastic products. This present work is focused on the investigation of the degradation behavior of bio‐based polymer blend poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) /polyglycolide acid (PEF/PGA) with different composition ratios in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS solution, pH = 7.4) with 0.5 mg/mL of lipase from porcine pancreas. The results observed that the thermal decomposition temperatures at 5% weight loss of both the PEF/PGA blends are higher than 310°C, which reflected that the PEF/PGA blends possessed excellent thermal stability. The water absorption of the PEF/PGA blends continued to increase with increasing the PGA content. This trend is consistent with the mass loss of blends in the degradation process. The systematic degradation study revealed that the neat PEF showed no mass loss in both PBS solution with and without lipase, while the PEF/PGA blends possessed a faster rate under enzymatic degradation circumstance in the first 4 weeks, and the weight loss in the same degradation period increase with increasing the PGA content due to the erosion of lipase on the polymer chain. In particular, the weight loss of PEFGA40 blend was more than 18.33% after 8 weeks of degradation in enzyme solution. 1H NMR results showed that in addition to PGA component as a major component of degradation, a small amount of PEF component was also involved in the mass loss of the blend during degradation. At the same time, the short‐chain segment produced during the degradation had a clear plasticizing effect on the PEFGA blends, which is reflected in that the Tg of PEFGA40 blend decreased first and then increased with the increase of degradation time.
Body mass estimates from postcranial skeletons and implication for positional behavior in Nacholapithecus kerioi: Evolutionary scenarios of modern apes
Authors: Kikuchi Yasuhiro
Published: February 2023

This study reported the body mass (BM) estimates of the Middle Miocene fossil hominoid Nacholapithecus kerioi from Africa. The average BM estimates from all forelimb and hindlimb skeletal elements was 22.7 kg, which is slightly higher than the previously reported estimate of ~22 kg. This study revealed that Nacholapithecus has a unique body proportion with an enlarged forelimb relative to a smaller hindlimb, suggesting an antipronograde posture/locomotion, which may be related to the long clavicle, robust ribs, and some hominoid‐like vertebral morphology. Because the BM of Nacholapithecus in this study was estimated to be below 30 kg, Nacholapithecus probably did not have relatively shorter and robust femora, which may result from other mechanical constraints, as seen in extant African hominoids. The BM estimate of Nacholapithecus suggests that full substantial modifications of the trunk and forelimb anatomy for risk avoidance and foraging efficiency, as seen in extant great apes, would not be expected in Nacholapithecus. Because larger monkeys are less arboreal (e.g., Mandrillus sphinx or Papio spp.), and the maximum BM among extant constant arboreal cercopithecoids is ~24 kg (male Nasalis larvatus), Nacholapithecus would be a constant arboreal primate. Although caution should be applied because of targeting only males in this study, arboreal quadrupedalism with upright posture and occasional antipronograde locomotion (e.g., climbing, chambering, descending, arm‐swing, and sway) using the powerful grasping capacity of the hand and foot may be assumed for positional behavior of Nacholapithecus.
From Textile Coloring to Light‐emitting Electrochemical Devices: Upcycling of the Isoviolanthrone Vat Dye
Authors: Ghanem Tatiana , Leong Kwang Keat , Jang Hwandong , Hardouin Alexis , Blanchard Philippe , Lungerich Dominik , Josse Pierre , Kim Eunkyoung , Cabanetos Clément
Published: February 2023

Produced at ton scale, vat dyes are major environmental pollutants generated by the textile industry. However, they represent ideal and accessible candidates for chemical upcycling since they are usually composed of large π‐conjugated scaffolds. Based on the valorization of “old” products, waste or even contaminant into high‐added value goods, this concept can be easily transposed to the laboratories. As a contribution to the current environmental and ecological transition, we demonstrate herein the valorization/upcycling of wastewaters generated during the dyeing procedure. To do so, the reduced (leuco) form of vat violet 10, also known as isoviolanthrone, was functionalized to afford a readily soluble derivative that was subsequently and successfully used as active material in operating solution processed light‐emitting electrochemical cells, that is, from textile dyeing to high‐tech application.
Chloroacetonitrile reduces rat prenatal bone length and induces oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage in rat fetal liver
Authors: Abd‐Allah Entsar R. , Fouad Nourhan Y. , Ghareeb Abd El Wahab El , Eldebss Taha M. A.
Published: February 2023

One of the disinfection byproducts of chlorinating drinking water is chloroacetonitrile (CAN). Thirty‐six female rats were used and distributed equally into four groups. The low dose treated group received CAN at a dose of 5.5 mg/kg body weight/day (1/40 LD50) orally from the 6th to 12th day of gestation. The high dose treated group received 11 mg/kg body weight/day (1/20 LD50) of CAN orally for the same period, the vehicle control group received 1 mL of corn oil, and the water control group received 1 mL of distilled water orally for the same period. High dose exposure to CAN significantly reduced gravid uterine weight, fetal body weights, and length, and caused obvious skeletal deformities, weak mineralization. Fetal tibial growth plates displayed histopathologic changes. Induced oxidative stress and redox imbalance in fetal liver tissues was evidenced by significantly decreased in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and elevated malondialdehyde levels. Histopathological, glycogen content changes, and DNA damage were observed in the fetal liver of high dose treated group. Additionally, administration of high dose of CAN induced apoptosis, evidenced by increased caspase‐3 concentration in fetal liver. Thus, extensive exposure to CAN induces poor pregnancy outcomes. CAN levels in water should be monitored regularly.
Experimental and computational characterization of mass transfer in high turndown bioreactors
Authors: Schlaich Evan M. , Thomas John A. , Kandari Lakshmi , Tremml Gabi , Khetan Anurag
Published: February 2023

Single‐use bioreactors (SUBs, or disposable bioreactors) are extensively used for the clinical and commercial production of biologics. Despite widespread application, minimal results have been reported utilizing the turndown ratio; an operation mode where the working range of the bioreactor can be expanded to include low fluid volumes. In this work, a systematic investigation into free surface mass transfer and cell growth in high turndown single‐use bioreactors is presented. This approach, which combines experimental mass transfer measurements with numerical simulation, deconvolutes the combined effects of headspace mixing and the free surface convective mass transfer on cell growth. Under optimized conditions, mass transfer across the interface alone may be sufficient to satisfy oxygen demands of the cell culture. Within the context of high turndown bioreactors, this finding provides a counterpoint to traditional sparge‐based bioreactor operational philosophy. Multiple monoclonal antibody‐producing cell lines grown using this high turndown approach showed similar viable cell densities to those cells expanded using a traditional cell bag rocker. Furthermore, cells taken directly from the turndown expansion and placed into production showed identical growth characteristics to traditionally expanded cultures. Taken together, these results suggest that the Xcellerex SUB can be run at a 5:1 working volume as a seed to itself, with no need for system modifications, potentially simplifying preculture operations.