bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Vocabulary of Vengefulness: Its function in the Analytic Group and Beyond
Authors: Berger Miriam
Published: July 2014

Vengefulness is a discredited entity. It is considered primitive and uncivilized despite the fact that it is prevalent in our personal and social lives. This article suggests that vengefulness is part of one’s regular, emotional repertoire. It serves to protect from unbearable emotional pain when being made irrelevant, dismissed and ostracized. It safeguards the hope to become re-included in a lawful, just community. Vengefulness comprises a coded communication about ruptures that have not been properly exposed and acknowledged. As such, they may turn into viscous cycles of vengeful attacks and counter attacks. It is argued that unacknowledged injuries to human dignity engender a relational vocabulary of its own; it may block connectedness and restrict possibilities for reconciliation and mutual concern.

The group conductor’s ability to understand this vocabulary for what it is, namely, a legitimate quest for restoring justice and accountability can be valuable in the process of recovery from traumatic experiences.
A fly in the ointment?
Authors: Tallár Ferenc
Published: July 2014

Is this the crisis of culture we experience today, or should we consider it a victory, a glorious deconstruction of metaphysical culture? McLuhan’s prophetic vision about the historical phases of orality–literate culture–secondary orality can be interpreted as events of a Hegelian triad. The process should be about the alienation and withdrawal of the Mind: in literate culture the Mind took an objectified, outer and estranged form, that of metaphysical culture. Today, in the open, interactive media of Web 2 we can take possession of the Mind again and free it from the rigid hierarchies. One should be eager to take part in such a universal reform, but somehow, it seems, there is a fly in the ointment.
Cardiocerebral Resuscitation
Authors: Ewy Gordon A. , Bobrow Bentley J.
Published: July 2014

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health problem. In the United States, OHCA accounts for more premature deaths than any other cause. For over a half-century, the national “Guidelines” for resuscitation have recommended the same initial treatment of primary and secondary cardiac arrests. Using this approach, the overall survival of patients with OHCA, while quite variable, was generally very poor. One reason is that the etiologies of cardiac arrests are not all the same. The vast majority of nontraumatic OHCA in adults are due to a “primary” cardiac arrest, rather than secondary to respiratory arrest. Decades of research and ongoing reviews of the literature led the University of Arizona Sarver Heart Center Resuscitation Research Group to conclude in 2003 that the national guidelines for patients with primary cardiac arrest were not optimal. Therefore, we instituted a new, nonguidelines approach to the therapy of primary cardiac arrest that dramatically improved survival. We called this approach cardiocerebral resuscitation (CCR), as it is the heart and the brain that are the most vulnerable and therefore need to be the focus of resuscitation efforts for these patients. In contrast, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be reserved for respiratory arrests. Cardiocerebral resuscitation evolved into 3 components: the community, with emphasis for lay individuals to “Check, Call, Compress” and use an automated external defibrillator if available; the Emergency Medical Services, that emphasizes delayed intubation in favor of passive ventilation, urgent and near continuous chest compressions before and immediately after a single indicated shock, and the early administration of epinephrine; and the third component, added in 2007, the designations of hospitals in Arizona that request this designation and agree to receive patients with return of spontaneous circulation following OHCA and to institute state-of-the-art postresuscitation care that includes urgent therapeutic mild hypothermia and cardiac catheterization as a Cardiac Receiving Center. Each component of CCR is critical for optimal survival of patients with primary OHCA. In each city, county, and state where CCR was instituted, the result was a marked increase in survival of the subgroup of patients with OHCA most likely to survive, for example, those with a shockable rhythm. The purpose of this invited article on CCR is to review this alternative approach to resuscitation of patients with primary cardiac arrest and to encourage its adoption worldwide so that more lives can be saved.
Voice and Community in the Corporate Academy
Authors: O’Connor Mary Katherine , Netting F. Ellen , Cole Portia L. , Hopkins Karen , Jones Jenny L. , Kim Youngmi , Leisey Monica , Mulroy Elizabeth A. , Rotabi Karen Smith , Thomas M. Lori , Weil Marie O. , Wike Traci L.
Published: July 2014

This article is the story of the simultaneous feminization and corporatization of universities, themes that emerged in a test of a collective biography, a qualitative research method. Organizers brought together 12 macro social work academic women across generations and, through sampling, attempted to avoid the intergenerational splitting that seems to be leaving junior faculty to be socialized by administrators while simultaneously isolating senior faculty from their generative role. Our analysis identified several trends developed from our collective experiences including changes in faculty governance, formalized mentoring, intergenerational faculty relationships, and shifting expectations. With these changes, we sense a reduction in what we used to think of as a collegium, now in danger of becoming an historical artifact.
Predictive factors of unprotected sex for female sex workers: first study in French Guiana, the French territory with the highest HIV prevalence
Authors: Parriault Marie-Claire , Basurko Célia , Melle Astrid Van , Gaubert-Maréchal Emilie , Rogier Stéphanie , Couppié Pierre , Nacher Mathieu
Published: July 2014

French Guiana is the French territory that is most affected by HIV. AIDS incidence is much higher than in mainland France and sex work seems to be an important driver of the epidemic. The objective of this study was to describe consistent condom use among female sex workers with their clients and their intimate partners and to identify determinants of non-use of condoms. An HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviours and Practices survey was conducted in 2009–2010 among sex workers in French Guiana. A total of 477 sex workers were interviewed. Female sex workers were more likely to use condoms with their clients (97%) than with their intimate partners (45%). The factors associated with non-consistent condom use with the intimate partner were having had an abortion, feeling at risk for HIV, not evaluating one’s own risk for HIV, living as a couple, being Dominican, and not feeling comfortable asking intimate partners to use condoms. Although a high proportion of female sex workers declared using condoms with commercial partners, there is still room for improvement in the prevention of transmission with both commercial and intimate partners.
Item Response Theory Analysis of the Life Orientation Test-Revised
Authors: Steca Patrizia , Monzani Dario , Greco Andrea , Chiesi Francesca , Primi Caterina
Published: July 2014

This study is aimed at testing the measurement properties of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) for the assessment of dispositional optimism by employing item response theory (IRT) analyses. The LOT-R was administered to a large sample of 2,862 Italian adults. First, confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the theoretical conceptualization of the construct measured by the LOT-R as a single bipolar dimension. Subsequently, IRT analyses for polytomous, ordered response category data were applied to investigate the items’ properties. The equivalence of the items across gender and age was assessed by analyzing differential item functioning. Discrimination and severity parameters indicated that all items were able to distinguish people with different levels of optimism and adequately covered the spectrum of the latent trait. Additionally, the LOT-R appears to be gender invariant and, with minor exceptions, age invariant. Results provided evidence that the LOT-R is a reliable and valid measure of dispositional optimism.
Shouldering the Load
Authors: Waymer Damion
Published: July 2014

This study contributes to public relations (PR) literature and research because it finds and highlights discrepancies between male and female PR faculty concerning their involvement or lack thereof with designated labor-intensive teaching and service responsibilities. More specifically, this study finds that more females serve as faculty advisors for Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA) chapters than their male counterparts. Significantly, more females teach PR writing classes than do males. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to tenure and promotion expectations for PR faculty members.
Becoming an L2 learner (again): How a brief language learning experience sparked connections with SLA theory
Authors: Forman Ross
Published: July 2014

A brief ‘language learning experience’ (LLE) in Thai was integrated into a second language development course as part of postgraduate TESOL study at an Australian university. Sixty primary and secondary teachers from a range of schools evaluated the impact of the LLE by means of a questionnaire; the teachers proved highly affirming of its value, nominating awareness of experiential learning and affective factors as the most salient outcomes. An additional and unexpected outcome was its impact upon the lecturer himself, who also served as the language instructor. This dual role of lecturer-instructor resulted in the creation of a different tenor of relationships with teachers; in the lecturer’s deeper understanding of the constraints of teaching a language other than one’s own; and, most directly, in his enhanced capacity to present key concepts in the field of second language development.
The attribution of psychotic symptoms to jinn in Islamic patients
Authors: Lim Anastasia , Hoek Hans W. , Blom Jan Dirk
Published: July 2014

Patients with an Islamic background who suffer from hallucinations or other psychotic symptoms may attribute these experiences to jinn (i.e., invisible spirits). In this paper, we review the medical literature on jinn as an explanatory model in the context of psychotic disorders. We conducted a systematic search for papers on jinn and psychosis in Pubmed, EMBASE, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases. Our search yielded 105 scientific texts on jinn and their relationship with mental disorders, including 47 case reports. Among the case reports a definite biomedical diagnosis was provided in 66% of the cases, of which 45.2% involved a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Fully 10 of 16 hallucinating patients experienced multimodal hallucinations. Although infrequently documented in the biomedical literature, the attribution of psychiatric symptoms to jinn appears to be quite common among Islamic patients, and to have significant impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and course of mental disorders, particularly psychotic disorders.
Effect of Endurance Cardiovascular Training Intensity on Erectile Dysfunction Severity in Men With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Kalka Dariusz , Domagala Zygmunt A. , Kowalewski Piotr , Rusiecki Leslaw , Koleda Piotr , Marciniak Wojciech , Dworak Jacek , Adamus Jerzy , Wojcieszczyk Joanna , Pyke Edel , Pilecki Witold
Published: July 2014

The protective effect of physical activity on arteries is not limited to coronary vessels, but extends to the whole arterial system, including arteries, in which endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic changes are one of the key factors affecting erectile dysfunction development. The objective of this study was to report whether the endurance training intensity and training-induced chronotropic response are linked with a change in erectile dysfunction intensity in men with ischemic heart disease. A total of 150 men treated for ischemic heart disease, who suffered from erectile dysfunction, were analyzed. The study group consisted of 115 patients who were subjected to a cardiac rehabilitation program. The control group consisted of 35 patients who were not subjected to any cardiac rehabilitation. An IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function) questionnaire was used for determining erectile dysfunction before and after cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiac training intensity was objectified by parameters describing work of endurance training. The mean initial intensity of erectile dysfunction in the study group was 12.46 ± 6.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.35-13.57). Final erectile dysfunction intensity (EDI) assessed after the cardiac rehabilitation program in the study group was 14.35 ± 6.88 (95% CI = 13.08-15.62), and it was statistically significantly greater from initial EDI. Mean final training work was statistically significantly greater than mean initial training work. From among the parameters describing training work, none were related significantly to reduction of EDI. In conclusion, cardiac rehabilitation program–induced improvement in erection severity is not correlated with endurance training intensity. Chronotropic response during exercise may be used for initial assessment of change in cardiac rehabilitation program–induced erection severity.
Accuracy of clinical tests in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review
Authors: Swain Michael S , Henschke Nicholas , Kamper Steven J , Downie Aron S , Koes Bart W , Maher Chris G
Published: July 2014

Background

Numerous clinical tests are used in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury but their accuracy is unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the diagnosis of ACL injury.

Methods

Study Design: Systematic review. The review protocol was registered through PROSPERO (CRD42012002069).

Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL) were searched up to 19th of June 2013 to identify diagnostic studies comparing the accuracy of clinical tests for ACL injury to an acceptable reference standard (arthroscopy, arthrotomy, or MRI). Risk of bias was appraised using the QUADAS-2 checklist. Index test accuracy was evaluated using a descriptive analysis of paired likelihood ratios and displayed as forest plots.

Results

A total of 285 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, from which 14 studies were included in this review. Included studies were deemed to be clinically and statistically heterogeneous, so a meta-analysis was not performed. Nine clinical tests from the history (popping sound at time of injury, giving way, effusion, pain, ability to continue activity) and four from physical examination (anterior draw test, Lachman’s test, prone Lachman’s test and pivot shift test) were investigated for diagnostic accuracy. Inspection of positive and negative likelihood ratios indicated that none of the individual tests provide useful diagnostic information in a clinical setting. Most studies were at risk of bias and reported imprecise estimates of diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion

Despite being widely used and accepted in clinical practice, the results of individual history items or physical tests do not meaningfully change the probability of ACL injury. In contrast combinations of tests have higher diagnostic accuracy; however the most accurate combination of clinical tests remains an area for future research.

Clinical relevance

Clinicians should be aware of the limitations associated with the use of clinical tests for diagnosis of ACL injury.
Is Dasein People? Heidegger According to Haugeland
Authors: Carman Taylor
Published: July 2014

In an unfinished book manuscript and papers dating from 1982 to 2007, published and unpublished during his lifetime—collected here under the title he intended for the book, Dasein Disclosed—John Haugeland advances a highly original interpretation of Being and Time, centering on his unorthodox conception of what Heidegger meant by the term Dasein. On the standard reading, although the word is not synonymous with “person” or “human being,” it nevertheless refers to what those terms refer to, namely individual people like you and me. Haugeland maintains, instead, that it designates a historically concrete practice or “way of life” in which individuals—which he calls “cases of” Dasein—participate. I argue that the standard reading is correct—not obviously so, but for reasons of exegetical detail that have become clear only in light of this posthumously published volume. First, Haugeland’s interpretation leads him to equate two conceptions of ourselves that are and must be kept distinct in Heidegger’s ontology: the self as “I myself” and the self as “anyone” (das Man). Second, Haugeland’s claim that “others” is Heidegger’s generic terms for persons obscures the methodological orientation of Being and Time, namely, that it takes Dasein itself as both the agent and the witness—the source of phenomenological evidence or testimony—for the inquiry. Dasein, that is, being both the philosophical inquirer and the entity that calls itself “I,” whose being is being-with “others,” can be none other than the individual human being.
Cytotoxic Polyacetylenes from a Formosan Marine Sponge Callyspongia sp.
Authors: Chiu Ching-Wen , Su Huey-Jen , Lu Mei-Chin , Wang Wei-Hsien , Sheu Jyh-Horng , Su Jui-Hsin
Published: July 2014

Two new polyacetylenic compounds, callysponynes A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia sp. The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and comparison of the NMR data with those of known analogues. Moreover, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Mosher’s method. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxic activity in vitro against MOLT-4, K-562, and HCT 116 cancer cell lines.
A Cuprate Spin Ladder Linked by a Pyridyl Ligand
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Nishihara Sadafumi , Nakano Yuki , Maryunina Kseniya Yu , Inoue Katsuya
Published: July 2014

We succeeded in synthesizing a novel cuprate compound, [Cu2(CO3)2(bpp)2.5]·5.5H2O (1) (bpp: 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane). Its structural determination reveals that 1 has a ladder-like configuration formed by the alternate stacking of two Cu2+ ions and a CO32− ion, each of which is linked by a bpp molecule. The results of magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the obtained magnetic susceptibility curve can be reproduced faithfully by a magnetically isolated spin ladder-based model with the ladder-rung magnetic interaction, Jrung/kB = 366 K and the ladder-leg interaction, Jleg/kB = 11.5 K, where J is defined as being positive (negative) for antiferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) interactions.
La “colonización de lo doméstico”. Transformaciones espaciales y subjetivas en la recuperación de residuos (Córdoba, Argentina)
Authors: Vergara Mattar Gabriela
Published: July 2014

Este artículo define como ‘colonización de lo doméstico’ a la fase del reciclaje de residuos que se realiza en los hogares, esto es clasificar y/o enfardar papeles y cartones, acopiar hasta el momento de la venta. Para ello, se describe esta actividad en el contexto latinoamericano la cual puede ser considerada como ‘trabajo no clásico’. Luego se analizan críticamente las relaciones entre sujetos y objetos, a partir de entrevistas. Así, la colonización implica invasión territorial, intromisión de la lógica instrumental y, afectación subjetiva que pone a disposición de los ‘objetos-basura’, a los propios sujetos.
Concomitant Reconstruction of Arch Vessels during Repair of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Micovic Slobodan , Nezic Dusko , Vukovic Petar , Jovanovic Marko , Lozuk Branko , Jagodic Sinisa , Djukanovic Bosko
Published: July 2014

Surgery for acute aortic dissection is challenging, especially in cases of cerebral malperfusion. Should we perform only the aortic repair, or should we also reconstruct the arch vessels when they are severely affected by the disease process? Here we present a case of acute aortic dissection with multiple tears that involved the brachiocephalic artery and caused cerebral and right upper-extremity malperfusion. The patient successfully underwent complete replacement of the brachiocephalic artery and the aortic arch during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, with antegrade cerebral protection. We have found this technique to be safe and reproducible for use in this group of patients.
Myxoma of the Left Ventricle
Authors: Abad Cipriano , Novoa José , Delgado Antonio , Alonso Ana
Published: July 2014

This report concerns a 69-year-old woman who presented with an asymptomatic myxoma in the left ventricle. The tumor was successfully excised. We provide a very brief review of 72 other published cases of surgically treated left ventricular myxoma.
Intraoperative Surgical Sealant Application during Cardiac Defect Repair
Authors: Garcia-Morales Luis J. , Ramchandani Mahesh , Loebe Matthias , Reardon Michael J. , Bruckner Brian A. , Ramlawi Basel
Published: July 2014

Bleeding can occur as a sequela to cardiac surgery. Surgical products—such as conventional sutures and clips, and somewhat less conventional sealants—have been developed to prevent this event. Among these, CoSeal is a sealant used at our institution; here we report the cases of 2 patients in whom CoSeal was used successfully as either a supplement or an alternative to suture repair. This sealant was found to be useful in attaining hemostasis both in high-pressure ventricular repair and in the rupture of a friable coronary sinus adjacent to vital structures (in this instance, a left circumflex coronary artery).
Left Main Coronary Artery Obstruction by Dislodged Native-Valve Calculus after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Durmaz Tahir , Ayhan Huseyin , Keles Telat , Aslan Abdullah Nabi , Erdogan Kemal Esref , Sari Cenk , Bilen Emine , Akcay Murat , Bozkurt Engin
Published: July 2014

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement can be an effective, reliable treatment for severe aortic stenosis in surgically high-risk or ineligible patients. However, various sequelae like coronary artery obstruction can occur, not only in the long term, but also immediately after the procedure. We present the case of a 78-year-old woman whose left main coronary artery became obstructed with calculus 2 hours after the transfemoral implantation of an Edwards Sapien XT aortic valve. Despite percutaneous coronary intervention in that artery, the patient died. This case reminds us that early recognition of acute coronary obstruction and prompt intervention are crucial in patients with aortic stenosis who have undergone transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
RNA Interference
Authors: Hoh Yin Kiong
Published: July 2014

This article reviews the discovery of RNA interference, its mechanism of action and its functions, and the principles, challenges, and strategies for RNA therapeutics.
Bringing Next-Generation Sequencing into the Classroom through a Comparison of Molecular Biology Techniques
Authors: Bowling Bethany , Zimmer Erin , Pyatt Robert E.
Published: July 2014

Although the development of next-generation (NextGen) sequencing technologies has revolutionized genomic research and medicine, the incorporation of these topics into the classroom is challenging, given an implied high degree of technical complexity. We developed an easy-to-implement, interactive classroom activity investigating the similarities and differences between current sequencing methodology and three NextGen technologies. The activity uses existing materials created by each of the biotechnology companies that outline their instrumentation and chemistries. Following this activity, students will understand the molecular biology behind these NextGen applications and the similarities to existing Sanger sequencing methods.
Is profession associated with fear of death?
Authors: Zana Ágnes , Konkolÿ Thege Barna , Limpár Imre , Henczi Eszter , Golovics Petra , Pilling János , Hegedűs Katalin
Published: July 2014

Introduction: There are relatively few data on the relationship between professions and fear of death. Aim: The aim of the authors was to examine the association between profession and fear of death. Method: Physicians, medical students and other healthcare workers, priests, psychologists and non-healthcare workers (N = 1062) were asked about their attitude to death by means of the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale. Results: Significant differences were found in the total and some factor scores among the study groups. Priests showed the lowest fear of death values. Scores on the Fear of the Dead Factor was the highest in psychologists and non-healthcare workers who had no contact with the dead and dying. Conclusions: Fear of death seems rather to be present in professions dealing less directly with the dead and dying. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(31), 1236–1240.
The impact of seasonality in temperature on thermal tolerance and elevational range size
Authors: Sheldon Kimberly S. , Tewksbury Joshua J.
Published: July 2014

Environmental temperature variation can influence physiology, biogeography, and life history, with large consequences for ecology, evolution, and the impacts of climate change. Based on the seasonality hypothesis, greater annual temperature variation at high latitudes should result in greater thermal tolerance and, consequently, larger elevational ranges in temperate compared to tropical species. Despite the mechanistic nature of this hypothesis, most research has used latitude as a proxy for seasonality, failing to directly examine the impact of temperature variation on physiology and range size. We used phylogenetically matched beetles from locations spanning 60° of latitude to explore links between seasonality, physiology and elevational range. Thermal tolerance increased with seasonality across all beetle groups, but realized seasonality (temperature variation restricted to the months species are active) was a better predictor of thermal tolerance than was annual seasonality. Additionally, beetles with greater thermal tolerance had larger elevational ranges. Our results support a mechanistic framework linking variation in realized temperature to physiology and distributions.
Long‐term stem inventory data from tropical rain forest plots in Australia
Authors: Bradford Matt G. , Murphy Helen T. , Ford Andrew J. , Hogan Dominic L. , Metcalfe Daniel J.
Published: July 2014

We present repeated stem measurement data from 20 0.5‐ha (100 × 50 m) permanent rain forest plots in northern Queensland, Australia, from 1971 to 2013. The plots have a rainfall range of 1200 to 3500 mm, represent 11 vegetation types, six parent materials, and range from 15 to 1200 m above sea level. Except for minor disturbances associated with selective logging on two plots, the plots were established in old growth forest and all plots have thereafter been protected. Plots were regularly censused and at each census the diameter at breast height (DBH) of all stems ≥10 cm DBH were recorded. Data is presented for 10 998 individual stems with plot stem densities at establishment ranging from 476 to 1104 stems/ha. Due to the wide geographical range of the plots, no species dominate, although the families Lauraceae, Rutaceae, and Myrtaceae contribute a large number of species. Basal area values at establishment ranged from 28.6 to 63.3 m2/ha and showed no trend of increasing or decreasing over time due mainly to regular disturbance and recovery from natural events such as cyclones. In addition to stems ≥10 cm DBH data, we present height data, floristic data from understory stems (≥50 cm height to <10 cm DBH), an auxiliary species list (including vines, epiphytes, ferns, grasses, herbs, and other life forms), and a list of voucher specimens lodged in herbaria. The data collected from the 20 plots provides an insight into the floristics, structure, and long‐term forest dynamics of Australian tropical rain forests and allows direct comparisons to be made with long‐term monitoring plots at a global scale.
Effect of Intensive Oral Hygiene Regimen During Pregnancy on Periodontal Health, Cytokine Levels, and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Geisinger Maria L. , Geurs Nicolaas C. , Griffin Russell , Vassilopoulos Philip J. , Vermeulen Lisa , Haigh Sandra , Reddy Michael S.
Published: July 2014

Background: Data are limited on the potential effect of intensive oral hygiene regimens and periodontal therapy during pregnancy on periodontal health, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum cytokines, and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: A clinical trial was conducted on 120 community‐dwelling, 16‐ to 35‐year‐old pregnant women at 16 to 24 weeks of gestation. Each participant presented with clinical evidence of generalized, moderate‐to‐severe gingivitis. Oral hygiene products were provided, together with instructions for an intensive daily regimen of hygiene practices. Non‐surgical therapy was provided at baseline. Oral examinations were completed at baseline and again at 4 and 8 weeks. In addition, samples of blood and GCF were collected at baseline and week 8. Mean changes in clinical variables and GCF and serum cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α) between baseline and week 8 were calculated using paired t test. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded at parturition.

Results: Results indicated a statistically significant reduction in all clinical variables (P <0.0001) and decreased levels of TNF‐α (P = 0.0076) and IL‐1β (P = 0.0098) in GCF during the study period. The rate of preterm births (<37 weeks of gestation) was 6.7% (P = 0.113) and low birth weight (<2,500 g) was 10.2% (P = 1.00).

Conclusions: Among the population studied, intensive instructions and non‐surgical periodontal therapy provided during 8 weeks at early pregnancy resulted in decreased gingival inflammation and a generalized improvement in periodontal health. Large‐scale, randomized, controlled studies are needed to substantiate these findings.
The impacts of climate change on water diversion strategies for a water deficit reservoir
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhu Xueping , Fu Guangtao , Zhou Huicheng , Wang Hao
Published: July 2014

This paper presents an assessment framework that analyses the impacts of climate change on the water diversion strategies of a water transfer project in China. A water diversion strategy consists of high and low water levels as well as related diversion flows in four operating periods: pre-flood, flood, post-flood and non-flood periods. The optimal water diversion problem is defined as a multi-objective problem with two conflicting objectives: minimising human and ecological water supply shortages, and solved by the popular non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The derived Pareto-optimal solutions are then evaluated using the predicted runoffs based on an ensemble of three general circulation models under three climate scenarios. Results obtained from the study catchment show that intra-annual distribution of future runoff changes. The optimal solutions on the Pareto front have greatly varying performance under a climate scenario. It is critical to reveal the different impacts of climate change on the water shortages over the four operating periods, in particular when an increase of water shortage in one period is masked by a reduction in one or more periods. This study illustrates that the framework can be used to identify resilient water diversion strategies to mitigate the potential impacts of climate change on the operation of a water transfer project.
Study on relationships between climate-related covariates and pipe bursts using evolutionary-based modelling
Authors: Laucelli Daniele , Rajani Balvant , Kleiner Yehuda , Giustolisi Orazio
Published: July 2014

Researchers extensively studied external loads since they are widely recognized as significant contributors to water pipe failures. Physical phenomena that affect pipe bursts, such as pipe-environment interactions, are very complex and only partially understood. This paper analyses the possible link between pipe bursts and climate-related factors. Many water utilities observed consistent occurrence of peaks in pipe bursts in some periods of the year, during winter or summer. The paper investigates the relationships between climate data (i.e., temperature and precipitation-related covariates) and pipe bursts recorded during a 24-year period in Scarborough (Ontario, Canada). The Evolutionary Polynomial Regression modelling paradigm is used here. This approach is broader than statistical modelling, implementing a multi-modelling approach, where a multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to get optimal models in terms of parsimony of mathematical expressions vs. fitting to data. The analyses yielded interesting results, in particular for cold seasons, where the discerned models show good accuracy and the most influential explanatory variables are clearly identified. The models discerned for warm seasons show lower accuracy, possibly implying that the overall phenomena that underlay the generation of pipe bursts during warm seasons cannot be thoroughly explained by the available climate-related covariates.
Improving WetSpa model to predict streamflows for gaged and ungaged catchments
Authors: Safari Alireza , De Smedt F.
Published: July 2014

In the second phase of the Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP2), the WetSpa model is applied to simulate flows at basin and subbasin scales. Parent basins and their nested subbasins are modeled as gaged and ungaged basins, respectively. Available observations in the subbasins were only used to validate the model predictions. Gaged basins simulation results show that the predictions and observations are in good agreement. However, major peaks are underestimated, as is often the case in runoff modeling. Underestimation of high flows and in particular peak flows indicates that the prediction of actual runoff coefficients in the current WetSpa model needs to be improved. Also, sensitivity analysis of the model parameters reveals that the baseflow recession coefficient is the most sensitive parameter and care should be taken when modeling ungaged basins. Hence, by estimating this parameter for each subbasin separately, the model performance for the subbasins can be improved. To do this, a Boussinesq groundwater flow equation is used to improve the prediction of baseflow recession coefficients in the subbasins. Comparison between the original and the modified WetSpa models shows that the modified model yields relatively higher performances for the subbasins, creating a more accurate model for predicting ungaged subbasins.
Perceptions of Turkish Dentists of Their Professional Identity in a Market-Orientated System
Authors: Öcek Zeliha Asli , Vatansever Kevser
Published: July 2014

This study explores the perceptions of Turkish dentists of their professional identity and of the effects of market orientation in dentistry. This phenomenological study used a qualitative approach using a group of Turkish dentists, who were selected based on the principle of maximum variation. Four focus groups and 31 in-depth interviews were conducted. Forty-nine dentists were interviewed using a semi-structured form. The data analysis yielded three themes: ( a) dentistry as a business; ( b) dentistry as a profession; and ( c) professional status of dentistry in the health care system and in the community. The participants' statements reflected that the dominance of market mechanisms in dentistry inevitably forces dentists to adopt the characteristics of a businessperson and prevents them from fulfilling the basic requirements of professionalism. All participants explained that with the transformation of the dental care market, dentists have become a cheap labor force and have lost their professional autonomy. Our study has confirmed previous reports pointing out the conflict between dentistry as a profession and dentistry as a commercial operation. The study also showed that in Turkey, as a country experiencing rapid reform processes, dentists' control over their professional practices and identities has decreased.
Grief, Consolation, and Religions: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Klass Dennis
Published: July 2014

Consolation is grief's traditional amelioration, but contemporary bereavement theory lacks a conceptual framework to include it. The article begins to develop that framework. The article argues that grief is inter-subjective, even at the biological level. Consolation and grief happen in the same inter-subjective space. Material from the histories of several religions sets the article in a cross-cultural and historical environment. The article examines consolation in interpersonal relationships, and then moves to consolation in cultural/religious resources that range from the literal image of God as an idealized parent to the abstract architecture of Brahm's Requiem. The most common consolation in the histories of religions comes within continuing bonds that are accessed in a wide variety of beliefs, rituals, and devotional objects. The article closes by briefly drawing the connection between consolation and faith.
Faith without Answers: The Use of Religion among Cold Case Homicide Survivors
Authors: Wellman Ashley R. P.
Published: July 2014

Through data gathered from interviews with cold case homicide survivors, this article reveals the important role of religion and faith in the aftermath of an unsolved murder. Using qualitative methodology, the author highlights the lived experiences and personal journeys of cold case homicide surviving family members, who are often a forgotten and an overlooked segment of victims. Qualitative data suggests that these cold case homicide survivors found religion to be critical in the aftermath of their loved one's murder. Specifically, survivors indicated their faith was fundamental in coping with the homicide and provided hope for anticipating a resolution in their cases. From these intimate, personal survivor accounts, scholars and practitioners can begin to develop future research and programs that are specifically designed to highlight the role of religion in moving forward after an unsolved murder.
Differential expression patterns of lipid genes in developing seeds of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Chandrasekaran Umashankar , Liu Aizhong
Published: July 2014

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the most important non-edible oilseed crops. Characterization of seed development and lipid accumulation from female flowers pollinated to mature seeds has been carried out. The temporal expression patterns of 65 lipid genes involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis using the semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique were also investigated. The 65 genes displayed diverse expression patterns which could be collectively grouped into seven groups (I - VII). Four gene groups (I, II, III and V) covering 40 lipid genes presented up-regulated expression patterns, correlating with the rapid lipid accumulation within developing seeds. The present study provides an extended glimpse of the expression patterns of lipid genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol assembly in developing seeds of castor bean, which could serve in variety improvement of castor bean by genetic engineering approach. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19743 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 37-43, 2014 (June)
Effect of seaweed saps on growth and yield improvement of transplanted rice in old alluvial soil of West Bengal
Authors: Pramanick Biswajit , Brahmachari Koushik , Ghosh Arup , Zodape ST
Published: July 2014

On summer rice, foliar spray was applied thrice at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0%, v/v) of seaweed extracts (namely, Kappaphycus sp. and Gracilaria sp.) along with the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). The highest grain yield was recorded with the applications of 15% Kappaphykus sap + RDF, followed by 15% Gracilaria sap + RDF extract resulting in 41.47 and 34.99% increases, respectively compared to the control. The maximum straw yield was also achieved with 15% seaweed extract application. Improved nutrient uptake (N, P and K) was also observed with seaweed extract applications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19746 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 53-58, 2014 (June)
Karyotype in Paeonia intermedia C.A. Mey
Authors: Wang Shi-Quan
Published: July 2014

The chromosome number and karyotype of three populations in Paeonia intermedia C.A. Mey are presented in this paper. The populations, sampled from Altai Prefecture in Xinjiang, China, are diploids (2n = 10), with 2A type karyotype and the karyotypic formula of 2n = 2x = 10 = 6m + 2sm + 2st. There was no obvious differentiation among all the three sections of the genus Paeonia based on parameters of arm ratio and ratio of the longest/shortest chromosome (L1/Ln). There is merely slight difference between the woody section (Sect. Moutan) and the herbaceous sections (Sects. Onaepia and Paeonia). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19758 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 101-105, 2014 (June
Robust Detection of Sleep Apnea from Holter ECGs
Authors: Wenz H. , Dickhaus H. , Maier C.
Published: July 2014

Introduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Studying Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems”.

Objectives: Detect presence of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in epochs of 1 min by signal analysis of Holter ECG recordings.

Methods: In 121 patients, 140 synchronized polysomnograms (PSGs) and 8-channel Holter ECGs were recorded. The only excluded condition was persistent arrhythmias. Respiratory events as scored from the PSGs were mapped to a 1 min grid and served as reference for ECG-based detection. Moreover, 69/70 recordings of the Physionet Sleep Apnea ECG Database (PADB) were included. We performed receiver operating characteristics analysis of a single, novel time-domain feature, the joint local similarity index (jLSI). Based on cross-correlation, the jLSI quantifies the time-locked occurrence of characteristic low-frequency (LF) modulations in ECG respiratory myogram interference (RMI), QRS amplitude (QRSA) and heart rate.

Results: Joint oscillations in QRSA, RMI and the envelope of RMI identified positive epochs with a sensitivity of 0.855 (PADB: 0.873) and a specificity of 0.86 (PADB: 0.88). Inclusion of heart rate did not improve detection accuracy.

Conclusions: Joint occurrence of LF-modulations in QRSA and RMI is a characteristic feature of SRBD that is robustly quantified by the jLSI and permits reliable and reproducible detection of sleep apnea in very heterogeneous settings.
Bi-institutional retrospective cohort study evaluating the incidence of osteosarcoma following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (2000–2009)
Authors: Sartor A. J. , Ryan S. D. , Sellmeyer T. , Withrow S. J. , Selmic L. E.
Published: July 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for occurrence of osteosarcoma (OSA) following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).

Methods: Medical records of client-owned dogs that underwent consecutive TPLO procedures at two institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Referring veterinarians and owners were contacted for follow-up. Each institutional cohort was assessed separately, and the incidence density rate and median time to occurrence of OSA at the TPLO site and at other sites were calculated. Marginal Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for potential risk factors for occurrence of OSA.

Results: There were 472 CLINIC A (Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital) and 1992 CLINIC B (SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care) TPLO cases with over one year of follow-up available. There were five and six dogs within the cohorts that developed OSA at the site of TPLO, and seven and 22 dogs that developed OSA at other anatomical sites, respectively. The incidence density rates of OSA at the TPLO site were 30.4 and 10.2 per 10,000 dog-years at risk, and other sites were 42.6 and 37.5 per 10,000 dog-years at risk. The median time to occurrence of OSA of TPLO site OSA was 4.6 and 4.4 years, which was longer than that of other site OSA of 2.9 and 3.4 years.

Clinical significance: There is a low incidence of OSA following TPLO surgery. The longer time to occurrence for TPLO site OSA is similar to that for fracture-associated sarcoma, and could indicate a similar underlying pathophysiology rather than spontaneous OSA occurrence.
Educational Paradigm Shift: Are We Ready to Adopt MOOC?
Authors: Sadhasivam Jayakumar
Published: July 2014

This paper summarizes the findings from an empirical study carry out the online learning. The impact of information technology in our day-to-day life has been profound. Among many cross disciplines that have been enriched (or benefited) by information technology, educational media is not an exception. MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses brings learning, teaching and assessment. MOOC is a Web-based distance-learning program that is designed for the participation of large numbers of geographically dispersed students. In addition, Google and other companies are involving to design and fund to low-cost eLearning. Niche market provides nine certification courses via MOOC, to satisfy the employees specific needs. However, in the present day context the opinion on embracing MOOC by an University has been quite debatable. Addressing this debate on both sides, this papers presents the opinion expressed by the stakeholders in education towards embracing MOOC. Based on the findings from the study, the paper will discuss the challenge and broad concerns applicable to eLearning. The survey is focused on providing a consolidated fact that based on penetration of eLearning. This paper is aimed at providing a solid analysis of eLearning with the help of IT infrastructure in India. The survey contains demographic distribution of faculties; student and system administrator ratio is 39.6. Among a total of 792 of 2000 participants. It is focused that eLearning strategy in India.
Salmonids Have an Extraordinary Complex Type I IFN System: Characterization of the IFN Locus in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Reveals Two Novel IFN Subgroups
Authors: Zou Jun , Gorgoglione Bartolomeo , Taylor Nicholas G. H. , Summathed Thitiya , Lee Po-Tsang , Panigrahi Akshaya , Genet Carine , Chen Young-Mao , Chen Tzong-Yueh , Ul Hassan Mahmood , Mughal Sharif M. , Boudinot Pierre , Secombes Christopher J.
Published: July 2014

Fish type I IFNs are classified into two groups with two (group I) or four (group II) cysteines in the mature peptide and can be further divided into four subgroups, termed IFN-a, -b, -c, and -d. Salmonids possess all four subgroups, whereas other teleost species have one or more but not all groups. In this study, we have discovered two further subgroups (IFN-e and -f) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and analyzed the expression of all six subgroups in rainbow trout and brown trout Salmo trutta. In rainbow trout RTG-2 and RTS-11 cells, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stimulation resulted in early activation of IFN-d, whereas the IFN-e subgroup containing the highest number of members showed weak induction. In contrast with the cell lines, remarkable induction of IFN-a, -b, and -c was detected in primary head kidney leukocytes after polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treatment, whereas a moderate increase of IFNs was observed after stimulation with resiquimod. Infection of brown trout with hemorrhagic septicemia virus resulted in early induction of IFN-d, -e, and -f and a marked increase of IFN-b and IFN-c expression in kidney and spleen. IFN transcripts were found to be strongly correlated with the viral burden and with marker genes of the IFN antiviral cascade. The results demonstrate that the IFN system of salmonids is far more complex than previously realized, and in-depth research is required to fully understand its regulation and function.
Van crèche tot wieg: Eerste vertaling nie sonder probleme nie
Authors: Otto Anna N.
Published: July 2014

No abstract available.