bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANN-based evaluation system for erosion resistant highway shoulder rocks
Authors: Tariq Aiman , Abualshar Basil , Deliktas Babur , Song Chung R. , Al-Nimri Bashar , Barret Bruce , Silvey Alex , Glennie Nikolas
Published: July 2024

Highway shoulder rocks are exposed to continuous erosion force due to extreme rainfall that could be caused by global warming to some extent. However, the logical design method for erosion-resistant highway shoulder is not well-researched yet. This study utilized a large-scale UNLETB (University of Nebraska Lincoln–Erosion Testing Bed) with a 7.6 cm nozzle width and a 4000 cm3/sec flow rate to study the erosion characteristics of highway shoulder rocks. Test results showed that different shoulder materials currently used had vastly diverse erosion resistance. However, the clear criteria between the erosion-resistant gradation and other gradation could not be determined easily. Then, this study trained ANN (Artificial Neural Network) with test results to conveniently distinguish the erosion resistance of rocks from other rocks. The ANN predicted the acceptable/non-acceptable erosion characteristics of shoulder rocks with close to 99% accuracy based on the three gradation parameters (D10, D30, and D60).
Solving the High-Intensity Multimodal Training Prescription Puzzle: A Systematic Mapping Review
Authors: Sharp Tijana , Slattery Katie , Coutts Aaron J. , van Gogh Mikah , Ralph Lara , Wallace Lee
Published: July 2024

Background

High-Intensity Multimodal Training (HIMT) refers to all styles of high-intensity combined aerobic, resistance and/or bodyweight exercise. Previous heterogeneity in exercise prescription and reporting in HIMT reduces the understanding of which factors should be considered when prescribing HIMT (e.g., exercise volume, intensity, duration). Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of HIMT on health and performance outcomes. However, methodological disparities limit comparisons between findings. The objective of this systematic mapping review was to examine which prescriptive considerations and health and performance outcomes have been reported on in HIMT. This review also examined the quantity and trends of research conducted on HIMT.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases and additional sources to identify studies up until February 2023. A total of 37,090 records were retrieved, of which 220 were included for review. 246 individual HIMT protocols were included for categorical analysis against the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences (ARMSS).

Results

A total of 85 unique terms were used to describe HIMT. Included studies most commonly prescribed HIMT using a consistent exercise selection and circuit format. Exercise intensity was inconsistently reported on and a large proportion of studies prescribed ‘high-intensity’ exercise at a level lower than the American College of Sports Medicine criteria for high-intensity (i.e., < 77% heart rate maximum). Participation location, supervision and participation format were the most commonly reported non-training variables. The most frequently reported outcomes were cardiovascular health, perceptual outcomes, body composition and biochemical outcomes. A large proportion of previous HIMT research was experimental in design.

Conclusions

Previous HIMT research demonstrates a lack of standardisation in reporting. Future studies should seek to follow guidelines (i.e., CERT) to improve reporting rigour. Additionally, forthcoming research should attempt to actively involve practitioners in implementation studies to improve ecological validity among interventions. Finally, future outcome measures should be accessible in practice and reflect common training goals of participants.

Registration

This review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Preregistration: osf.io/yknq4.
Is early inclusion of neratinib with HER blockers possible in the treatment of stage 4 HER2 positive cancer?
Authors: Olimova Zilola Avazovna
Published: July 2024

e13019

Background: The management of the patients with breast cancer and choosing the most effective therapy still remains a challenge, but an achievable goal. 30-50% of the patients with stage IV HER2-positive breast cancer have an increased risk of developing brain metastases. In most patients, effective therapy for Her2+ BC does not reach the CNS due to the blood-brain barrier, which, in turn, can lead to cancer metastasis to the brain. Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab poorly penetrates the BBB, however the treatment regimens with the inclusion of trastuzumab increase life expectancy in patients with HER2+ BC with CNS metastases, mainly due to controlling of extracranial lesions. In contrast, neratinib penetrates the BBB well, and its combination with capecitabine produces responses in intensively pretreated patients, especially in cases where the only site of disease progression is the CNS. Our study was to directly compare the efficacy and safety of Neratinib plus Trastuzumab and Docetaxel(N+TDtx) and Pertuzumab plus Trastuzumab. Methods: This study involved 43 patients, among which 28 received (N+TDtx) -1st group and 15 received (N+TDtx) - 2nd group. A median number of 6 cycles were delivered in the two treatment arms, followed by Trastuzumab. Results: The primary endpoint was RFS and EFS. The median RFS was not reached in 2nd group at a median follow-up of 18.7 months, because of brain metastasis, disease progression and death of 23 (82%) patients. However, the 12-month RFS rate was significantly higher in the 1st group than in the 2nd 98% and 65%, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56-0.93; P =.012). With median follow up of 36.4 months, neoadjuvant N+TDtx reduced the risk of disease recurrence, brain metastasis, progression or death by 98%, demonstrating a landmark three-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 57% with N+TDtx, followed by trastuzumab compared to 17% with TDtx, followed by trastuzumab (Hazard Ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.49 to 0.93). The most frequent adverse event in the Neratinib arm was diarrhea, which was manageable with prophylactic treatment with loperamide. Conclusions: Neratinib, has shown that it was able to prevent brain metastases and demonstrated benefit in recurrence - free survival and event-survival in combination with Trastuzumab and Docetaxel over (PT+Dtx) for patients without brain metastases.
Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab/nab-paclitaxel/cisplatin in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A single-arm phase II study.
Authors: Zhang Siyi , Ma Haiqing , Zhan Jiandong , Zhu Lijun , Zhang Hong-Dan , Du Shasha , Dong Qiumei , Wang Guangyi
Published: July 2024

e18043

Background: Despite multimodality standard therapy, patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are at high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis. The safety and efficacy of immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) has been reported in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. We hypothesized that neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy has a positive effect on decreasing distant metastasis, preserving organ function and extending survival time. Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized, single-arm phase II clinical trial, patients meeting the inclusion criteria were treated neoadjuvant therapy with 200 mg pembrolizumab combined with 75 mg/m2 cisplatin and 260 mg/m2 Nab-paclitaxel per 3 weeks for 2 cycles.Patients will undergo the first radiologic imaging assessment after neoadjuvant therapy. After multi-disciplinary team discussion, patients with Partial Response (PR) but the maximum diameter of tumor > 3cm or stable disease (SD) or progressive disease (PD) receive surgery and standard adjuvant therapy. On the other hand, patients with PR and maximum tumor diameter ≤ 3cm or Complete Response (CR) receive definitive CRT. Evaluation was performed 3 months after definitive CRT and patients with high-risk factors need maintenance treatment. Primary outcomes are objective response rate (ORR), safety, rate of organ preservation. Results: A total of 31 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 6.6 months (1.4-20.2m). The baseline characteristics were shown in the table. Among 31 LA HNSCC patients with 2 cycles of neoadjuvant therapy, ORR was 64.52% (20/31) and DCR was 100%. 10patients underwent surgery with R0 resection, and 17 patients received definitive CRT,4 patients refuse surgery or CRT and out of trial. There was 20/31 (64.5%) organ function preservation. Among those with definitive CRT, no recurrence or distant metastasis occurred. In this trial, there's no Grade≥3 treatment-related adverse events. One patient died due to cardiacarrest and the correlation with study cannot be evaluated. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy contributed to good ORR and organ function preservation, and generally tolerated in LA HNSCC. This study is ongoing. And we look forward to demonstrating that neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is expected to improve long-term survival of LA-HNSCC. Clinical trial information: NCT05272696 . [Table: see text]
The Id protein Extramacrochaetae restrains the E protein Daughterless to regulate Notch, Rap1, and Sevenless within the R7 equivalence group of the Drosophila eye
Authors: Reddy Onteddu Venkateswara , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Baker Nicholas E.
Published: July 2024

The Drosophila Id gene extramacrochaetae (emc) is required during Drosophila eye development for proper cell fate specification within the R7 equivalence group. Without emc, R7 cells develop like R1/6 cells, and there are delays and deficits in differentiation of non-neuronal cone cells. Although emc encodes an Inhibitor of DNA-binding (Id) protein that is known to antagonize proneural bHLH protein function, no proneural gene is known for R7 or cone cell fates. These fates are also independent of daughterless (da), which encodes the ubiquitous E protein heterodimer partner of proneural bHLH proteins. We report here that the effects of emc mutations disappear in the absence of da, and are partially mimicked by forced expression of Da dimers, indicating that emc normally restrains da from interfering with R7 and cone cell specification, as occurs in emc mutants. emc, and da, regulate three known contributors to R7 fate, which are Notch signaling, Rap1, and Sevenless. R7 specification is partially restored to emc mutant cells by mutation of RapGap1, confirming that Rap1 activity, in addition to Notch activity, is a critical target of emc. These findings exemplify how mutations of an Id protein gene can affect processes that do not require any bHLH protein, by restraining Da activity within physiological bounds.
Identification of leader–trailer helices of precursor ribosomal RNA in all phyla of bacteria and archaea
Authors: Gemler Bryan T. , Warner Benjamin R. , Bundschuh Ralf , Fredrick Kurt
Published: July 2024

Ribosomal RNAs are transcribed as part of larger precursor molecules. InEscherichia coli, complementary RNA segments flank each rRNA and form long leader–trailer (LT) helices, which are crucial for subunit biogenesis in the cell. A previous study of 15 representative species suggested that most but not all prokaryotes contain LT helices. Here, we use a combination of in silico folding and covariation methods to identify and characterize LT helices in 4464 bacterial and 260 archaeal organisms. Our results suggest that LT helices are present in all phyla, including Deinococcota, which had previously been suspected to lack LT helices. In very few organisms, our pipeline failed to detect LT helices for both 16S and 23S rRNA. However, a closer case-by-case look revealed that LT helices are indeed present but escaped initial detection. Over 3600 secondary structure models, many well supported by nucleotide covariation, were generated. These structures show a high degree of diversity. Yet, all exhibit extensive base-pairing between the leader and trailer strands, in line with a common and essential function.
Εκτίμηση της καρδιακής λειτουργίας σε ασθενείς με μη αντιρροπούμενη κίρρωση του ήπατος
Authors: Σκουλούδη Μαρίνα
Published: July 2024

Εισαγωγή: Τα νέα κριτήρια που προτάθηκαν στο συμπόσιο για την κιρρωτική μυοκαρδιοπάθεια (CCC) χρησιμοποιούν τη συνολική επιμήκη παραμόρφωση (GLS) της αριστερής κοιλίας για την εκτίμηση της συστολικής λειτουργίας σε ασθενείς με κίρρωση. Σκοπός: Ο σκοπός της συγκεκριμένης μελέτης ήταν να εκτιμήσει τη συσχέτιση του GLS της αριστερής κοιλίας με τη βαρύτητα της ηπατικής νόσου και να περιγράψει τα χαρακτηριστικά των ασθενών με κιρρωτική μυοκαρδιοπάθεια. Μέθοδοι: Εκατόν τριάντα πέντε κιρρωτικοί ασθενείς συμπεριλήφθησαν στη μελέτη. Υποβλήθηκαν σε πλήρη διαθωρακική υπερηχογραφική μελέτη, ενώ χρησιμοποιήθηκε και η τεχνική της δισδιάστατης ηχωκαρδιογραφίας παραμόρφωσης. Επίσης, με τη μέθοδο της διπλής ενεργειακής απορρόφησης (DEXA) υπολογίστηκε η συνολική και η περιοχική λιπώδης μάζα. Η κιρρωτική μυοκαρδιοπάθεια ορίζεται, με βάση τα κριτήρια του CCC, ως σοβαρή διαστολική δυσλειτουργία και/ή συστολική δυσλειτουργία (κλάσμα εξώθησης της αριστερής κοιλίας ≥50% και/ή GLS <18%). Αποτελέσματα: Το GLS της αριστερής κοιλίας μικρότερο ή μεγαλύτερο από τη μέση τιμή (22,7% σε απόλυτη τιμή) δε συσχετίστηκε με τη θνητότητα (logrank, p=0.962). Το GLS της αριστερής κοιλίας ήταν υψηλότερο σε ασθενείς με Child-Pugh (CTP) τάξης Β/C σε σύγκριση με τους ασθενείς που είχαν CTP τάξης Α (p=0.04) και σε ασθενείς με MELD score ≥15 (έναντι MELD score <15) (p=0.004). Το MELD score ήταν ο μόνος παράγοντας που συσχετίστηκε ανεξάρτητα με τη συστολική λειτουργία (GLS αριστερής κοιλίας <22.7% έναντι ≥22.7%) στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση (Odds Ratio: 1.141, p=0.032). Οι ασθενείς με κιρρωτική μυοκαρδιοπάθεια (n=11) είχαν υψηλότερες τιμές όγκου σπλαχνικού λιπώδους ιστού σε σύγκριση με τους ασθενείς χωρίς κιρρωτική μυοκαρδιοπάθεια (διάμεσος: 735 έναντι 641cm3, p=0.039). Δε βρέθηκε συσχέτιση της κιρρωτικής μυοκαρδιοπάθειας με τη θνητότητα (logrank p=0.18). Το reservoir strain του αριστερού κόλπου βρέθηκε να σχετίζεται σημαντικά με την έκβαση των κιρρωτικών ασθενών (θάνατος ή μεταμόσχευση) τόσο στη μονοπαραγοντική (HR 0.97, 95%CI 0.95-0.99; p=0.04), όσο και στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση (HR 0.96, 95%CI 0.93-0.99; p=0.017).Συμπεράσματα: H απόλυτη τιμή του GLS της αριστερής κοιλίας ήταν ψηλότερη σε σοβαρότερη ηπατική νόσο και θα μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιηθεί στο μέλλον σαν δείκτης βαρύτητας της ηπατικής νόσου. Επιπλέον, το reservoir strain του αριστερού κόλπου φαίνεται να έχει αρνητική συσχέτιση με την έκβαση των ασθενών.
Effects of priming duration and concentration of metabolites from rhizosphere bacteria on the germinability of cowpea, soybean, sesame, and okra seeds
Authors: Akpor Oghenerobor , Ajinde Ayotunde , Ogunnusi Tolulope
Published: July 2024

Seed priming enhances germination and growth, which are important determinants of crop yield. This study was carried out to assess the effect of priming duration and metabolite concentration on the priming of five (5) different crops, using the metabolites of five (5) bacterial isolates. The crop seeds were treated in the cold-extracted metabolites of the five isolates at five (5) different priming durations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h) and then in five metabolite concentrations (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/L) of the five extracted metabolites at the optimal priming duration determined in the first experiment. Characterization of the cold-extracted metabolites was also carried out using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results revealed that priming cowpea and soybean for longer durations (< 3 h) could hinder their growth and development. Lower concentrations were observed to be optimal for cowpea and soybean, but for sesame and okra, there was no detectable pattern with metabolite concentration. The GC-MS revealed the presence of some molecules (e.g. hexadecanoic acid) that have shown plant growth promotion potential in other studies. This study showed that seeds with large endosperm, such as, cowpea and soybean, are more prone to the deleterious effects of treatment for longer durations. Further experiments should be carried out to isolate and purify the bioactive moieties for further studies and onward application.
Developing a module on the care of LGBTQIA+ individuals for health professionals: Research protocol.
Authors: Pai Mamatha Shivananda , Yesodharan Renjulal , Palimar Vikram , Thimmappa Latha , Bhat Bhavana B. , Krishnan M. Nirmal , Shetty Deeksha , Babu Bontha V.
Published: July 2024

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) people struggle to identify a healthcare service that understands their problems and needs. Additionally, healthcare professionals also find it difficult to care for LGBTQIA+ as very little is studied or heard about management. The article presents a protocol for a pilot study aimed at the development of an LGBTQIA+ care curriculum for health science professionals. The study includes Phase I: The development of a curriculum based on a literature review and focus group discussion among LGBTQIA+ individuals, and Phase II: Pilot testing of LGBTQIA+ care curriculum. The study outcome will reflect the improvement in the knowledge of healthcare professionals on LGBTQIA+ care.
Physical activity in the treatment-resistant depression and non-remitted depression: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Etxaniz-Oses José , Iriarte-Yoller Nagore , Tous-Espelosin Mikel , Maldonado-Martin Sara
Published: July 2024

Background The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of the physical activity (PA) intervention as an adjuvant strategy to pharmacological treatment in people with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and non-remitted depression (NRD). Methods A search strategy was realized from five databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Eleven articles attained the inclusion criteria. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Oxford’s Evidence Levels were used to classify the quality appraisal. Results The more significant outcome for this analysis was the improvement of depression by PA or exercise in TRD and NRD. According to the FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type) principle, there was some variability in the PA intervention, and except for one article, they all were classified as excellent in terms of quality description. Conclusions This review highlights the potential of PA intervention as an adjuvant program to improve different traits of TRD and NRD. The remission of depression seems to be higher after PA intervention, showing improvements in quality of life, sleep quality, executive function, and vitality.
Metabolomic characterization of human glioblastomas and patient plasma: a pilot study
Authors: Liu Yin Allison , Aboud Orwa , Dahabiyeh Lina A. , Bloch Orin , Fiehn Oliver
Published: July 2024

Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a clinically challenging primary brain tumor with poor survival outcome despite surgical resection and intensive chemoradiation. The metabolic heterogeneity of GBM can become biomarkers for treatment response, resistance, and outcome prediction. The aim of the study is to investigate metabolic distinctions between primary and recurrent GBM tissue and patient plasma to establish feasibility for metabolic profiling. Methods A single-center cohort study analyzed tissue and blood samples from 15 patients with GBM using untargeted metabolomic/lipidomic assays. Metabolomic, lipidomic, and biogenic amine analyses were conducted on GBM tissue and patient plasma at diagnosis and recurrence using untargeted mass spectrometry. The study utilized a small but longitudinally collected cohort to evaluate alteration in metabolites, lipids, and biogenic amines between specimens at diagnosis and recurrence. Results Exploratory analysis revealed significant alteration in metabolites, lipids, and biogenic amines between diagnostic and recurrent states in both tumor and plasma specimens. Notable metabolites differed at recurrence, including N-alpha-methylhistamine, glycerol-3-phosphate, phosphocholine, and succinic acid in tissue, and indole-3-acetate, and urea in plasma. Principal component analysis revealed distinct metabolomic profiles between tumor tissue and patient plasma. Distinct metabolic profiles were observed in GBM tissue and patient plasma at recurrence, demonstrating the feasibility of using metabolomic methodologies for longitudinal studies. One patient exhibited a unique tumor resistance signature at diagnosis, possibly indicating a high-risk metabolomic phenotype. Conclusions In this small cohort, the findings suggest the potential of metabolomic signatures of GBM tissue and patient plasma for risk stratification, outcome prediction, and the development of novel adjuvant metabolic-targeting therapies. The findings suggest metabolic discrepancies at diagnosis and recurrence in tissue and plasma, highlighting potential implications for evaluation of clinical response. The identification of significant changes in metabolite abundance emphasizes the need for larger studies using targeted metabolomics to validate and further explore these profiles.
Case Report: Gallstone ileus management - Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dallagi Rania , Ferjaoui Wael , Omry Ahmed , Behi Hager , Khalifa Med Bachir
Published: July 2024

Gallstone ileus, a rare complication of cholelithiasis, presents significant morbidity and mortality challenges, with no established consensus on optimal management. This study aimed to highlight the complexities surrounding its occurrence and emphasize the need for tailored therapeutic strategies. An 88-year-old female, with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with diffuse abdominal pain and vomiting. Clinical evaluation revealed signs of small-bowel obstruction. Radiological assessments, including Computed Tomography CT) scans, confirmed biliary ileus, showcasing a sizable gallstone causing subacute obstruction. Emergency surgery involving enterolithotomy was performed, successfully addressing the immediate concerns. Postoperative follow-up demonstrated a one-year asymptomatic period, emphasizing the effectiveness of the chosen intervention. Gallstone ileus typically follows acute cholecystitis, leading to gallstone erosion and fistula formation commonly in the duodenum. Diagnosis is challenging because of nonspecific symptoms, necessitating a high index of suspicion. Computed tomography (CT) plays a pivotal role in accurate and rapid diagnoses. This study delves into the intricate details of gallstone ileus presentation, complications, and the debate surrounding optimal surgical management, acknowledging the effectiveness of the two-stage procedure and emerging laparoscopic approaches. This case provides valuable insights into the intricate facets of gallstone ileus and emphasizes the need for individualized treatment strategies. Successful management, as demonstrated in our case, underscores the importance of considering patient-specific factors when choosing between the surgical approaches. This study supports recent reports advocating for laparoscopic interventions, encouraging further exploration of evolving therapeutic modalities for gallstone ileus.
Patient and clinician perspectives of online-delivered exercise programmes for chronic musculoskeletal conditions: protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review.
Authors: Bhardwaj Avantika , Barry Walsh Caoimhe , Ezzat Allison , O'Riordan Cliona , Kennedy Norelee , Toomey Clodagh M.
Published: July 2024

Background Despite the growing economic and social impact of chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions, there has been slow uptake of clinical guidelines for management, owing partly to the negative perceptions of patients and clinicians of their appropriateness and accessibility. Online-delivered exercise programmes (ODEPs) offer an alternative that can reduce costs and offer convenience for those with mobility limitations. As such, investigating participants’ perceptions of such programmes provides insight into the complexity and interplay of factors associated with uptake and optimization of implementation strategies. Objectives This study aims to systematically review the literature of patients’ and clinicians’ perceptions of ODEPs for chronic MSK conditions. Methods To ensure the likelihood of identifying all relevant published articles, the following databases will be searched from inception to end of the project: CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, AMED, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Included articles will qualitatively and/or quantitatively report the perceptions of participants of ODEPs for chronic MSK conditions. ODEPs are defined as either (a) synchronous, participants can exchange information simultaneously, or (b) asynchronous, with at least one synchronous feature, or (c) neither, where the authors investigate a participant’s past experiences and/or likelihood of participating in such a programme. Article screening and quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists will be performed by two independent reviewers. All findings from included articles will be extracted and coded using a thematic synthesis approach. Discussion It is important to offer diverse resources to address the growing public health burden of chronic MSK conditions. This study will explore patients and clinicians’ perceptions of ODEPs including needs, appropriateness and acceptability. Our findings could be used by policy makers, clinicians, and researchers to generate new models of care that could influence the uptake and long-term sustainability of ODEPs for chronic MSK conditions. PROSPERO registration CRD42021273773.
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a national research strategy for paramedicine in Ireland: Findings from a focus group study
Authors: Cummins Niamh M. , Fitzgerald Christine , Cronin Una M. , M. Batt Alan , Bright Ann-Marie , Doyle Brian , O'Toole Michelle , Williams Julia , Bowles Kelly-Ann
Published: July 2024

Background Paramedicine research and education has progressed significantly over the past two decades in Ireland. The Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Council recently commissioned a research team to develop a new National Research Strategy for Irish paramedicine. The strategy will serve to build research capacity and establish research priorities into the future. This study aims to explore the perspectives of diverse stakeholders to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a national research strategy for paramedicine in Ireland. Methods The research employed an action research approach. Purposeful and snowball sampling was used to identify and recruit participants (n=37) from diverse stakeholders and knowledge users working in the out-of-hospital setting. Data collection took the form of focus groups (n=6) facilitated by experienced researchers. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim using Otter AI and thematic analysis was performed in NVivo. Results Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the research strategy exist at individual and system levels. The themes developed from the Focus Groups included; Challenges in the Research Landscape and Opportunities to Build a Research Ecosystem. Individual barriers included Experience and Skills, Time and Wellbeing. At system level, Operational, Educational, and Professional barriers were identified in addition to an undeveloped Research Infrastructure (Leadership, Support, Funding and Data Access). Individual facilitators included; Professional Identity, Evolving Roles and Protected Time. At system level, Collaboration, Knowledge Translation, Educational facilitators and Professional facilitators, in combination with a strong Research Infrastructure were considered important for successful implementation of the Research Strategy. Conclusions The findings are congruent with international studies and highlight the complexity of implementing a national research strategy aligned with the needs of diverse stakeholders in the out-of-hospital setting. Collaboration will be essential for successful strategy implementation. To ensure optimal effectiveness of the research strategy the development of an implementation plan is recommended.
Delivery of Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) in the UK and Ireland 2019-2022
Authors: Riordan Fiona , Breen Cathy , Humphreys Margaret , Dinneen Sean F. , McHugh Sheena M.
Published: July 2024

Background To date, evaluations of the structured diabetes education programme, Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE), have focused on improvements in clinical and psychosocial outcomes, however, little is known about implementation and participant attendance across centres. We compared participant profile, course delivery and retention across Irish and UK centres and patterns of course delivery pre and during Covid-19. Methods Data collected annually by DAFNE centres (01.01.2019 to 01.01.2022) were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between demographic (age, gender) and clinical variables (years since diagnosis; DKA requiring admission in past 12 months; severe hypoglycaemic event (hypo) in the last year), course format and country, with non-completion (attended <5 sessions). Results Overall, 6749 people attended DAFNE courses across 91 centres in 3 years. Compared to Ireland, UK-based course attendees were slightly older on average and had diabetes for longer. In 2019 (pre-Covid), 86 centres delivered an average of 10 courses per centre (range: 1 to 30). During Covid (2020) when remote format courses were first offered, 79 centres delivered an average of 5 courses per centre (1 to 15). Overall, 10% of participants did not complete. Younger age, having a severe hypo in the last year, and attending a remote course (vs. standard 5-day face-to-face) were associated with non-completion. Conclusions Course delivery varies widely across centres. This may reflect centre size and resource availability. Although participant non-completion was low, our data do not capture those who withdraw pre-course. Future work should explore barriers and facilitators of course acceptance and retention.
Literacy of University Students As an Important Component of the Personnel Training System
Authors: Andryushenkov V. , Andryushenkova O.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of legal literacy of students based on the results of a sociological survey, in which 102 university students from various fields of study took part. For 97% of respondents, legal literacy in the modern world is very relevant. The work emphasizes the importance of developing legal consciousness among financial university students and offers some recommendations for improving this process. This is due to the fact that legal literacy is an indicator of an individual’s social maturity and readiness to resolve legal issues. Thus, the results of the study allow us to conclude that it is necessary to introduce more classes on legal issues into the system of training highly qualified personnel, which will help students better understand legal instruments and their application in various situations.
Culture of Manifestation of Specialist Competence in Teaching Activities
Authors: Nikitina E. , Kuznecova O.
Published: July 2024

Modern transformations taking place in the education system in general and in higher education in particular require a revision of methodological approaches to personnel training. The development of cultural competencies of future teachers is of particular importance. The authors analyze the federal state educational standard for the profile of pedagogical education. The article presents ideas for the development of the personality of a future teacher on the basis of an axiological approach, which orients the student’s activities towards universal, national and professional values, towards awareness of the value of his profession, this aspect is especially relevant when training a future specialist in the field of teaching foreign languages and cultures.
Factors influencing a child's development in the early years of life and their impact on adulthood
Authors: Czeczotka Magdalena Joanna , Skorupska Marta , Martka Martyna Magdalena , Popławska Natalia Aleksandra , Śliz Justyna , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
 
This article reviews a number of studies that have sought to determine how factors that occur in prenatal life and early childhood may lead to psychiatric disorders in adulthood. It focuses on the relationships between the physiology and pathophysiology of the autonomic nervous system and their impact on the child's development, on previously experienced traumas, on living in unfavorable conditions, on factors that have a negative impact on the fetus during pregnancy, and on the existence of two psychopathological dimensions and their connections with specific psychiatric disorders.
 
Aim of study:
 
The aim of the study is to present a comprehensive review of some of the most common forms of childhood maltreatment and show how powerful the impact they have on children’s development and their later adult life.
 
 
Materials and methods:
 
Materials used in this study were found in the PubMed database, using the following keywords: childhood maltreatment, sexual abuse, physical abuse, mental abuse, alcohol and drug abuse, and psychiatric disorders.
 
Conclusion:
 
The work clearly shows that neglect, abuse, and abnormal behavior have a direct impact on psychiatric disorders occurring in children and on the consequences that children have to bear as a result of their adult lives.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC VAPOR FLOW EFFECTS ON A MICRO-SCALE RADIAL TURBOCOMPRESSOR
Authors: Sebastián Andrés , Abbas Rubén , Valdés Manuel
Published: July 2024

Radial turbocompressor-based heat pump-like systems are currently being studied for novel environmentally friendly energy applications. Hence, the development of small centrifugal compressors using different organic vapors is in the spotlight. This work proposes some upgrades to a previously developed similarity-based and generalized flow turbomachinery scaling methodology for organic vapors. The main objective is to conduct a numerical study of the non-ideal effects on micro-scale radial turbocompressor working at different operating conditions using two organic fluids (propane and isobutene). Results show a good degree of agreement between the analytical predictions and the numerical simulation. Furthermore, the use of new similarity parameters is discussed in the range of the operating conditions of the study. The findings of this work set out that some intrinsic vapor effects are well predicted by the proposed methodology, which allows the micro-turbocompressors scaling from ideal gas to vapor flow conditions.
ASSESSMENT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT PUMP LAYOUTS EQUIPPED WITH A BLADELESS TURBOEXPANDER
Authors: Passalacqua Matteo , Maccarini Simone , Barberis Stefano , Traverso Alberto
Published: July 2024

pursuing the ambitious targets of electrification of industrial processes and thermal generation via renewable power. This work evaluates the optimal thermodynamic performance features of heat pump cycles comparing conventional layouts with those adopting a Tesla turboexpander, for recovering pressure drop in high temperature applications. The paper focuses on n-pentane (R601), a natural refrigerant, being a favorable substitute of synthetic refrigerants thanks to its low global warming potential (GWP) and adequate thermophysical properties that could allow to reach high temperature thermal outputs (>150°C), thus, being suitable for some specific industrial processes. Tesla or bladeless turboexpanders are a promising technology for small volumetric flows and two-phase fluids, featuring low sensitivity to downscaling effects, while retaining high rotor efficiency, which is being investigated for energyharvesting solutions. The benefit of introducing such expansion device in place of a conventional lamination valve is assessed, in different layout configurations. Simulations were conducted using an improved version of WTEMP-EVO modeling tool, proprietary to University of Genoa. Results show that the use of Tesla expander improves significantly the overall thermal efficiency in terms of coefficient of performance (COP), thanks to power recovered, depending on the cycle layout.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ORC-VCC SYSTEM FOR AIR CONDITIONING FROM LOW-TEMPERATURE WASTE HEAT
Authors: Witanowski Łukasz
Published: July 2024

Due to the need to reduce electricity consumption, methods of increasing the efficiency of energy use are being sought. One of the possibilities is the use of low-temperature waste heat for the production of electricity or cooling. Systems that convert heat into cold seem particularly attractive. This approach allows, above all, the removal of the generator. It eliminates the electrical part of the expander and, as a consequence, increases the efficiency of waste heat utilization, simplifies the construction of the ORC turbogenerator, and removes certain restrictions. The paper presents an analysis of the ORC-VCC cycle using waste heat at a temperature of 95℃ and heat up to 130kW. Various novel working fluids (e.g. R1224yd(Z), R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z)) are considered. Selected fluids are characterized by low global warming potentials. An in-house code was developed and used to calculate cycle parameters. Single and multi-objective optimization was performed, aiming at the maximization of the ORC efficiency, Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Pareto frontiers were obtained, and a decision-making method was used to select an optimum solution. The obtained ORC efficiency was 5.25%, COPVCC 0.47 and the cycle efficiency was above 27.1%.
INVESTIGATING R1234ZE AND R1234YF AS REPLACEMENTS TO R134A IN WASTE HEAT RECOVERY ORC APPLICATIONS
Authors: Bull James , Buick James , Radulovic Jovana
Published: July 2024

The ever-growing energy demand across the globe puts significant pressure on the power generation sector to find renewable and sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology can be applied to low-medium temperature heat sources to generate useful work. In this paper, an ORC cycle, powered by a medium temperature exhaust gas at 423.15 K, is modelled. Working fluids R1234ze and R1234yf were compared as replacements to R134a and considered across a variety of operating conditions comparing both the energetic and exergetic performance. Sizing of heat exchangers (evaporator and condenser) has also been undertaken. Following a comprehensive evaluation, R1234ze is recommended as a viable replacement to R134a, specifically regarding the pump and turbine performance.
Mechanical Design and Rotor-dynamic Analysis of the ORCHID Turbine
Authors: Majer Matteo , Chatterton Steven , Dassi Ludovico , Secchiaroli Alessio , Gheller Edoardo , De Servi Carlo , Pennacchi Paolo , Colonna Piero , Pini Matteo
Published: July 2024

The ORCHID turbine is a 10 kW, high-speed (~100 krpm) radial-inflow organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbine, under realization in the Propulsion and Power laboratory of Delft University of Technology. The turbine will be installed and tested in the Organic Rankine Cycle Hybrid Integrated Device (ORCHID) facility, the setup for fundamental and applied studies on ORC technology currently in operation in the same lab. Experimental data from future measurement campaigns will be employed to validate numerical tools and develop best practices for designing and operating these unconventional machines. This work documents the recent design efforts to define the functional requirements, the necessary components, and the mechanical assessment of the turbine test bed. In particular, the detailed design of the rotor assembly, carried out in cooperation with the Rotor-dynamic research group of Politecnico di Milano, is described with emphasis on three main aspects. First, the derivation of the damping characteristics of a squeeze-film-damper cartridge for turbochargers, which has been selected as support bearing for the turbine shaft. Secondly, the estimation of the stiffness and damping coefficients of a labyrinth gas seal with swirl breakers, using 3D CFD simulations of the flow path. Finally, linear elastic rotordynamic simulations were performed on a finite beam element model of the resulting turbine shaft. The bearing stiffness, initially estimated using Hertz contact theory, was varied to investigate the sensitivity of the rotor critical speeds to it.
Oblicza Andaluzji w twórczości Federica Garcíi Lorki
Authors: Daraż Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

FACES OF ANDALUSIA IN THE WORKS OF FEDERICO GARCÍA LORCA
This article is dedicated to discussing the role of Andalusia in the works of Federico García Lorca in the context of intercultural dialogue. The research questions posed will focus on the image of Andalusia in Lorca’s works and the elements of folklore used to address universal themes. For this reason, a brief biography of the poet will be presented in the introduction, combined with an explanation of why he is the most important Spanish poet of the 20th century. The theoretical basis of the study will include the issue of the literature that has been published to date in relation to Lorca’s work, which will be followed by a brief discussion of the most important elements that make up Andalusian culture. The analysis carried out will allow the research to be developed in a practical way. In turn, the Arab and Roma influences and aspects related to the art of flamenco present in the artist’s work will be discussed. A further part of the research will be an analysis of how Lorca uses the aforementioned elements to address universal themes such as death, oppression, infertility or social realities. The study will conclude that Andalusia in Lorca’s work is a region with many ‘faces’ and a place of intercultural dialogue.
An overview of the resin-infiltration technique
Authors: Moeinian Malihe
Published: July 2024

Resin infiltration is a minimally invasive technique to treat mild hypomineralized lesions. It seals the porosity of the affected enamel, strengthens the enamel defect and improves the aesthetics of the lesion. However, there are disadvantages such as lack of evidence on its long-term durability and microleakage. This article provides an overview on the resin infiltration concept and the procedure for its application.

CPD/Clinical Relevance:

Resin infiltration is a minimally invasive procedure that occludes the pores and inhibits further demineralization. within the lesion body.
Governance of deliberative mini-publics: emerging consensus and divergent views
Authors: Parry Lucy J. , Curato Nicole , Dryzek John S.
Published: July 2024

Deliberative mini-publics are forums for citizen deliberation composed of randomly selected citizens convened to yield policy recommendations. These forums have proliferated in recent years but there are no generally accepted standards to govern their practice. Should there be? We answer this question by bringing the scholarly literature on citizen deliberation into dialogue with the lived experience of the people who study, design and implement mini-publics. We use Q methodology to locate five distinct perspectives on the integrity of mini-publics, and map the structure of agreement and dispute across them. We find that, across the five viewpoints, there is emerging consensus as well as divergence on integrity issues, with disagreement over what might be gained or lost by adapting common standards of practice, and possible sources of integrity risks. This article provides an empirical foundation for further discussion on integrity standards in the future.
EDI in academic–policy engagement: lived experience of university based knowledge brokers and marginalised academics
Authors: Bea Laura , Recio-Saucedo Alejandra
Published: July 2024

Background:

Discourse surrounding Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) has received significant attention within the UK academy and knowledge brokerage contexts, and more recently within academic–policy engagement spaces (Walker et al, 2019a; Fawcett, 2021; GOV.UK, 2021; Morris et al, 2021). Key players in this space identify the need for diversifying academic participation, as well as diversifying knowledges (GOV.UK, 2021; UK Parliament, 2018; UKRI, 2023). However, conceptual and practical insight on embedding EDI principles (and what they mean in this context) within academic–policy engagement processes is missing.

Aims and objectives:

Underpinned by feminist and decolonial epistemological concepts, this article addresses this gap by outlining strategies, and surfacing ways in which EDI within academic–policy engagement is experienced, conceptualised, understood and considered.

Methods:

Two parallel qualitative studies, with a total of 20 semi-structured narrative and realist interviews conducted with marginalised researchers (n=10, Study A) and university based knowledge brokers (n=10, Study B), and a rapid literature review. The analysis used a narrative and thematic framework.

Findings and discussion:

We found a want for EDI to go beyond just diversity of people and representation, towards fostering foundational principles of epistemic justice, equitable access, value-driven engagement and plurality. Academics and knowledge brokers reported both negative and positive experiences within this space that related to known EDI issues. We conclude that EDI cannot be standardised across higher education contexts, and emphasise the need for holistic, relational and plural approaches to EDI across academic–policy engagement systems through a value-led, equitable and ethical lens.
A ‘forced holiday’ or ‘no escape route’? Contrasting experiences of survivors and perpetrators of domestic abuse during COVID-19
Authors: Bloomer Rachael , Morgan Karen , Bennett Laura , Dheensa Sandi , Eisenstadt Nathan , Feder Gene , Leach Rwth , Roberts Jo , Cramer Helen
Published: July 2024

Drawing on a nested qualitative study within REPROVIDE, a randomised controlled trial examining the effectiveness of a group-based domestic abuse perpetrator programme, this article explores accounts of domestic abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of victims/survivors and perpetrators. Based on interviews with male perpetrators and female survivors, including with partner/ex-partner dyads, our study reveals the gendered effects of the pandemic on abusive perpetrator behaviour.

Findings are presented through themes addressing the different experiences of victims/survivors and perpetrators during the pandemic. Through an exploration of victim/survivor attempts to ameliorate intensified abuse through compliance (Theme 1), the way perpetrators put on a masculine ‘front’ (Theme 2), the gendered burden of domestic responsibilities (Theme 3) and highlighting the importance of continued specialist support (Theme 4), this article contributes to an understanding of gender inequalities underpinning pre-pandemic domestic violence and abuse and how perpetrators utilised inequalities during COVID restrictions. Some dyads reported relationships feeling more settled in the first UK lockdown, however, this was associated with increased opportunities for control that lockdown provided perpetrators. Both parties experienced changes in service responses. We articulate implications for safe working with perpetrators and families during future pandemics or social crises.