bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Prevalence of Nephrolithiasis and Hyperoxaluria in Paget Disease of Bone
Authors: Rendina Domenico , De Filippo Gianpaolo , Merlotti Daniela , Di Stefano Marco , Mingiano Christian , Giaquinto Alfonso , Evangelista Marco , Bo Mario , Arpino Sergio , Faraonio Raffaella , Strazzullo Pasquale , Gennari Luigi
Published: August 2020

Context

Nephrolithiasis (NL) and primary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) are metabolic complications of Paget disease of bone (PDB), but recent data regarding their prevalence in PDB patients are lacking.

Objectives

Study 1: To compare the prevalence of primary HPTH and NL in 708 patients with PDB and in 1803 controls. Study 2: To evaluate the prevalence of NL-metabolic risk factors in 97 patients with PDB and NL, 219 PDB patients without NL, 364 NL patients without PDB, and 219 controls, all of them without HPTH.

Design

Cross-sectional multicentric study.

Setting

Italian referral centers for metabolic bone disorders.

Participants

Patients with PDB from the Associazione Italiana malati di osteodistrofia di Paget registry. Participants in the Olivetti Heart and the Siena Osteoporosis studies.

Main Outcome Measures

HPTH; NL; NL-metabolic risk factors.

Results

Patients with PDB showed higher prevalence of primary HPTH and NL compared with controls (P < 0.01). The NL recurrence occurs more frequently in patients with polyostotic PDB. About one-half of patients with PDB but without NL showed 1 or more NL-related metabolic risk factors. The hyperoxaluria (HyperOx) prevalence was higher in patients with PDB and NL compared with patients with NL but without PDB and in patients with PDB without NL compared with controls (P = 0.01). Patients with PDB and HyperOx showed a longer lapse of time from the last aminobisphosphonate treatment.

Conclusions

NL and HPTH are frequent metabolic complication of PDB. The NL occurrence should be evaluated in patients with PDB, particularly in those with polyostotic disease and/or after aminobisphosphonate treatment to apply an adequate prevention strategy.
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis
Authors: Lingvay Ildiko , Capehorn Matthew S , Catarig Andrei-Mircea , Johansen Pierre , Lawson Jack , Sandberg Anna , Shaw Robert , Paine Abby
Published: August 2020

Context

No head-to-head trials have directly compared once-weekly (OW) semaglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, with empagliflozin, a sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective

We indirectly compared the efficacy of OW semaglutide 1 mg vs once-daily (OD) empagliflozin 25 mg in patients with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy, using individual patient data (IPD) and meta-regression methodology.

Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions

IPD for patients with T2D receiving metformin monotherapy and randomized to OW semaglutide 1 mg (SUSTAIN 2, 3, 8 trials), or to OD empagliflozin 25 mg (PIONEER 2 trial) were included. Meta-regression analyses were adjusted for potential prognostic factors and effect modifiers.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary efficacy outcomes were change from baseline to end-of-treatment (~1 year) in HbA1c (%-point) and body weight (kg). Responder outcomes and other clinically relevant efficacy measures were analyzed.

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar between OW semaglutide (n = 995) and empagliflozin (n = 410). Our analyses showed that OW semaglutide significantly reduced mean HbA1c and body weight vs empagliflozin (estimated treatment difference: −0.61%-point [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.72; −0.49] and −1.65 kg [95% CI: −2.22; −1.08], respectively; both P < 0.0001). Complementary analyses supported the robustness of these results. A significantly greater proportion of patients on OW semaglutide vs empagliflozin also achieved HbA1c targets and weight-loss responses.

Conclusions

This indirect comparison suggests that OW semaglutide 1 mg provides superior reductions in HbA1c and body weight vs OD empagliflozin 25 mg in patients with T2D when added to metformin monotherapy.
Intermittent Fasting as a Trigger of Ketoacidosis in a Patient With Stable, Long-term Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Fernández-Cardona Alejandra , González-Devia Deyanira , Mendivil Carlos O
Published: August 2020

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) with a high morbidity and mortality. Diabetic ketoacidosis is usually triggered by metabolic stressors that increase insulin requirements like infection, trauma, surgery, or some medications. Ketogenic diets are nutritional regimes that drastically reduce the intake of carbohydrates in order to increase circulating ketones and reduce appetite. Intermittent fasting diets similarly aim to impact appetite and body weight, but through the restriction of feeding to specific periods of time or days. A 58-year-old woman with T1DM and no prior episodes of DKA since her diagnosis 16 years ago was admitted to the emergency room with severe metabolic acidosis, ketosis, dehydration, and back pain after 9 days of practicing a ketogenic, intermittent fasting diet on the advice of a friend. The standard management of DKA led to the resolution of the symptoms and metabolic alterations, but this might not be the case in other patients. This case highlights the relevance of close professional monitoring of dietary and insulin schemes in patients with T1DM, and of the adequate nutritional education of patients in order to avoid having them follow fashionable dietary trends without knowledge of their implications.
Instancje nadawczo-odbiorcze w traktatach stawiarskich z XVI i XVII w.
Authors: Tutak Kinga
Published: August 2020

Sender-Recipient Instances in Treatises on Ponds from the 16th and 17th Centuries

The paper discusses the ways in which sender–recipient strategy is realized in old treatises on pond economy. It focuses on the indices of textual relations between the master of the pond art and the student. The analysis has shown that in both treatises, the recipient is that communicative instance which plays a much more significant role than the sender. The organization and arrangement of the textual space serves the good of the recipient. The sender employs for this purpose desiderative constructions, lexical indices of cohesion of the utterance, and semantic-syntactic parallelism of elements. The authors of the treatises skilfully include an iconographic component in their lecture; Strumieński even refers to specific objects in the extra-linguistic reality.
Miniature Biomass Conversion Unit for Learning the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Reactions through Analysis of Heat Transfer and Thermochemical Conversion
Authors: Gartner Jacqueline B. , Reynolds Olivia M. , Garcia-Perez Manuel , Thiessen David B. , Van Wie Bernard J.
Published: August 2020

Highlights

A miniaturized thermochemical conversion system has been designed, manufactured, and optimized.

Five laboratories can be performed with the system, incorporating heat transfer and reaction engineering phenomena.

Educational materials to deploy the system in the classroom, including worksheets and solutions, are provided.

Pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification exercises are shown with reaction visualization and product validation.

Abstract. We describe a simple new miniaturized thermochemical module (MTM). Special considerations are needed to make the MTM useful not only for studying biomass conversion but also for providing safe classroom learning opportunities for heat and mass transfer and heterogeneous reaction engineering students and for training new researchers. The MTM consists of a quartz reactor wrapped with a Kanthal resistance wire and a silvered concentric annular glass shield for retaining thermal energy, placed in a protective Plexiglas viewing case. Safety is considered for use by new research trainees and within the classroom. We demonstrate MTM usage through five laboratory exercises beginning with an experimental design to determine operating modes to establish thermochemical conversion temperatures. Heat transfer skills are developed with the aid of a first-order differential heat transfer model and fractional factorial design. Thermochemical conversion is demonstrated and products are validated for pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion. The combustion laboratory also offers significant insight into reaction versus mass transfer-controlled regimes and for modeling heat transfer. Discussion is provided on the utility of the system for demonstrating heat transfer, kinetic, and mass transfer concepts, with applications across the engineering curriculum. Keywords: Combustion, Education, Gasification, Heat transfer modeling, Miniature thermochemical module, Pyrolysis.
Design and Performance of an Experimental Cooled Perch System for Heat Stress Relief of Laying Hens
Authors: Xiong Yijie , Gates Richard S. , Hu Jiaying , Hester Patricia Y. , Cheng Heng-wei
Published: August 2020

This article summarizes the design and performance of a cooled perch system for laying hens during heat stress.

Water flow rates, perch loop water temperatures, and system net heat gain are provided.

The average daily net heat absorption data, useful for sizing thermal water storage and chiller capacity in future applications, is 256 W m-1 perch length, or 43.2 W per hen housed.

This analysis provides a baseline for future cooled perch system design in other application settings.

Abstract. This article summarizes the engineering design and performance of a cooled perch system used in a multi-year collaborative study to evaluate cooled perch effects on hen production, health, and welfare during heat stress. The cooled perch system consisted of two replicates (CP-1 and CP-2) of three-tier cage units with galvanized perch pipes forming a complete loop in each tier (top, middle, bottom) in which chilled water circulated. A total of 324 White Leghorns at 17 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 36 cages (76 cm × 52 cm × 48 cm) in six banks placed in the same room. Flow for each loop was provided by loop pumps that drew chilled water from an open thermal storage manifold and returned it to the same manifold. Each thermal storage was cooled by continuously circulating water through a water chiller. Each loop pump was thermostatically controlled based on the cage air temperature. The water inlet and outlet temperatures, cage air temperatures, and loop water flow rates during stable system operation were measured for performance evaluation. Mean water flow rates in 2015 were 5.19 and 5.45 kg min-1 for CP-1 and CP-2, respectively, but significantly declined to 3.91 and 4.03 kg min-1 in 2016. The mean loop water temperature rise was about 2°C for both replicates. The mean loop net heat gain of CP-1 and CP-2 ranged from 690 to 850 W and from 551 to 1,298 W, respectively, with a significant difference between CP-2 loops (p < 0.0001), indicating a discrepancy between the manufacturer’s pump curve and field performance. There was a correlation between room air temperature and net heat gain for all loops of CP-1 and the top loop of CP-2 (p < 0.0001), suggesting that natural convection and radiation from the room to the pipe were the major contributors to loop heat gain. The average daily net heat gain was approximately 2,334 W per replicate, 256 W m-1 perch length, or 43.2 W per hen housed. This analysis provides a baseline for future cooled perch system design in other application settings. An example is provided for sizing the thermal water storage and chiller capacity. In addition, a closed water system with a properly sized expansion tank is recommended for future energy-efficient cooled perch applications. Keywords: Alternative cooling, Heat stress, Heat transfer, Poultry.
Impact of Waste Recovery on the COVID-19 Propagation
Authors: Hajji Abdelghani , Lairgi Yassir , Lachhab Abdeslam , Abbou Ahmed
Published: August 2020

There are several techniques proposed to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, such as contact limitation, hygiene, high-frequency tests, use of mask, home delivery, and quarantine.

Morocco is one of the rare countries which decided an early lockdown against the new Coronavirus. During this period, we offer techniques that allow efficient processing of household waste to avoid or minimize to take out the trash.

We are presenting different techniques that make it possible to treat waste. Then, we have modeled the spread of this pandemic in Morocco using the SIR model. Finally, we have shown the effects of waste management on the proliferation of Coronavirus.

The results show that it is better to sort the waste, install a composter or a domestic digester in buildings and hospitals (more precisely in the room of the contaminated person) to produce the compost or methane (renewable energy), which may finally contribute in limiting the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Optically transparent coding metasurface with simultaneously low infrared emissivity and microwave scattering reduction
Authors: Meng Zhen , Tian Changhui , Xu Cuilian , Wang Jiafu , Li Xinghua , Huang Sining , Fan Qi , Qu Shaobo
Published: August 2020

In this paper, an optically transparent coding metasurface structure based on indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films with simultaneously low infrared (IR) emissivity and microwave scattering reduction is proposed. To this end, two ITO coding elements which can reflect 0° and 180° phase responses are firstly designed. Based on these two elements, four coding sequences with different scattering patterns are designed. Three of them can realize anomalous reflections and the fourth can realize random diffusion of normal incident electromagnetic (EM) waves. A prototype of the random diffusion coding metasurface was fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that for normal incident EM waves, at least 10dB backward scattering reduction from 3.8GHz to 6.8GHz can be achieved, and the structure is polarization insensitive. The averaged transmittance of visible light through the coding metasurface reaches up to 72.2%. In addition, due to the high occupation ratio of ITO on the outside of the coding metasurface, a low IR emissivity of about 0.275 is obtained. Good consistency between the experiment and simulation results convincingly verifies the coding metasurface. Due to its multispectral compatibility, the proposed coding metasurface may find potential applications in multi-spectral stealth, camouflage, etc.
Investigation of Trypanosoma evansi infection in bullfighting cattle in Southern Thailand
Authors: Kamyingkird Ketsarin , Chalermwong Piangjai , Saechan Vannarat , Kaewnoi Domechai , Desquesnes Marc , Ngasaman Ruttayaporn
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim: Trypanosoma evansi infection has been reported in Thai livestock such as beef and dairy cattle. However, there is little information on T. evansi infection in bullfighting cattle in Southern Thailand. The aim of this study was to investigate the infection of T. evansi in bullfighting cattle presented for health checks at the Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.

Materials and Methods: Blood and serum samples were collected from 177 bullfighting cattle from April 2016 to February 2017 after bullfighting matches. Animal inspected showed signs of fever, weight loss, or exercise intolerance. Investigation of T. evansi infection was tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with TBR primers and using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with T. evansi crude antigen.

Results: The seroprevalence of T. evansi in bullfighting cattle was 22.60% (40/177). The PCR results detected no parasite DNA in this study. However, bullfighting cattle may serve as T. evansi reservoirs.

Conclusion: Health checking procedures for T. evansi should be promoted for bullfighting events so that infected animals can be quarantined in the preparatory stages of such events.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Intramural Duodenal Abscess Caused by Foreign Body Ingestion
Authors: Ricardo Juan , Alkayali Talal , Wojtkowski Antoni , Busari Kafayat , Okanobo Heitor , Kucera Stephen
Published: August 2020

A 63-year-old man presented with fever and generalized weakness for 2 days. Computed tomography scan showed an intramural duodenal abscess and a linear radiolucent foreign body penetrating the duodenal wall. Endoscopic drainage was performed. Endoscopic ultrasound showed fluid collection in the second portion of the duodenum. The duodenal lumen was punctured with the creation of stoma using a lumen-apposing metal stent and electrocautery system. The stent was deployed, and the drainage of purulent fluid followed. The foreign body was suspected to be a wire brush bristle. The patient received intravenous antibiotics for 14 days. Follow-up images showed the resolution of the abscess.
El modelo de producción del espacio turístico del traspaís de Cancún y la Riviera Maya
Authors: Jouault Samuel , García de Fuentes Ana
Published: August 2020

A partir de la reflexión acerca de la producción del espacio en la región de Cancún-Riviera Maya y su traspaís, este trabajo plantea la existencia de dos modelos contrapuestos, así como matices intermedios presentes en el lugar. Cancún y la Riviera Maya en el Caribe mexicano constituyen la región más turística de América Latina, la cual fue construida en el transcurso de los últimos cincuenta años. Desde Cancún, centro “integralmente planeado”, se expande en el territorio la oferta turística, que da origen a una nueva región definida por esta actividad.El modelo de estructura territorial del Caribe mexicano tiene las siguientes características: a) gran consumo de espacio, generalmente lineal, vinculado al negocio inmobiliario como eje dominante de la acumulación, incluso ante la propia actividad turística; b) privatización de los recursos ofertados al turismo, en particular, de las playas, y c) una absoluta segregación funcional y social del espacio.La incorporación del traspaís en la oferta turística modifica el paradigma que domina la producción de los espacios turísticos en la región: mientras que en el modelo del litoral se privatizan los espacios antes públicos, en las empresas de producción social se convierten en públicos los espacios privados; de igual manera, la actividad turística coexiste con la población local en su ámbito residencial y su vida cotidiana. La expansión en el territorio, por su parte, no se vincula con la especulación inmobiliaria y, por ende, el consumo de espacio es puntual.
Diversity of social, economic and production implications of maize systems in Mexico
Authors: Ibarrola-Rivas Maria Jose , Castillo Guillermo , González Jorge
Published: August 2020

En México coexiste una diversidad de sistemas de producción agrícolas, desde campesinos basados en auto-subsistencia, hasta agronegocios industriales. Esto implica una heterogeneidad de características socioculturales, tecnológicas y económicas.  Este artículo analiza tres sistemas de producción de maíz: pequeño (< 2 ha por productor), mediano (5-10 ha), y de gran escala (>50 ha). Con base en los microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional Agropecuaria 2014 y mediante la agregación de información a nivel nacional y estatal, se analizaron tendencias y diferencias entre estos tres sistemas en relación con tres ejes: (1) Características socioeconómicas (uso para venta y subsistencia, tenencia de la tierra, tipo de semilla y trabajo familiar); (2) Tecnología agrícola (rendimientos, irrigación, agroquímicos y tipo mano de obra); (3) Características económicas (programas gubernamentales, seguros, créditos y costos de producción). Los resultados demuestran que algunas de estas características son intrínsecas a cierto tipo de sistema de producción, pero, también, que algunas otras difieren de los patrones descritos en estudios previos. Particularmente destacan dos procesos. (1) El porcentaje del área que usa agroquímicos para los tres sistemas es muy similar, y se esperaba que los grandes productores tuvieran más uso de agroquímicos. (2) Una proporción relativamente grande de los sistemas de gran escala (22%) tienen tenencia social de la tierra (ejidos), aunque estos productores también se relacionan claramente con tenencias de la tierra privada. Asimismo, estas tendencias tienen desviaciones a nivel regional. Los resultados sustentan la necesidad de enfoques interdisciplinarios y multiescalares para diseñar políticas estratégicas destinadas a los sistemas agropecuarios.
Autentyczność w glottodydaktyce w perspektywie badawczej
Authors: Smuk Maciej
Published: August 2020

This paper aims at presentation of a few reflections concerning the organisation and conducting of the research on authenticity in foreign language didactics. Several aspects of research, such as methodological challenges, choice of methods applied, participants’ attitudes have been analysed. The core analysis concerns the supporting methods, i.e. interview and observation, beeing prior to the elaboration of the questionnaire used. The special attention is paid to the assumptions concerning the content of the questionnaire, nature of selected questions, as well as the use of adequate rating scales.
Komunikacja międzykulturowa a proces nauczania dorosłych francuskiego języka specjalistycznego jako obcego
Authors: Markowski Grzegorz
Published: August 2020

The paper presents examples of techniques, strategies and activities by means of which a teacher of specialist French may improve the communicative competence level of their students, i.e. the communication skills and interculture competence. The suggestions presented will help the students to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary for functioning in the contemporary multicultural society. The aim is to prepare students for professional life by teaching them the correct use of specialist French in the institutions they are going to work for in the future.
Testy psychologiczne w badaniach glottodydaktycznych
Authors: Małgorzata Kolera Małgorzata Kolera
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the possibilities and limitations of using psychological tests in glottodidactics. After a brief presentation of psychological variables that can be measured in glottodidactic research and specifying the concept of these tests and their psychometric quality criteria, the restrictions on their use by non-psychologists are revealed. The article focuses on analysing the core psychological and psychometric knowledge and skills that are essential for competent selection, administration and interpretation of such tests and that limit test access to qualified individuals as well as protect the instruments from misuse. Finally, some options for cooperation with qualified psychologists are suggested, to show the way for responsible and competent use of psychological tests in glottodidactics.
Indywidualne teorie na temat nauczania na odległość
Authors: Przemysław Wolski Przemysław Wolski
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to present similarities and differences between scientific and individual (subjective) theories on e-learning. Individual theories of students and teachers contain beliefs about pedagogical approaches, effectiveness and solutions of different didactic issues. The similarities can result both from knowledge of scientific literature and from professional experience.
Retraction
Authors: International ASTM
Published: August 2020

Original Article Title: Existence of k-People Stable Alliance in n-Player Cooperative Games

Authors: Zheng Tao,1 Yuanwei Hu,2 Ziyi Pan,2 Junyi Zhao,2 and Dongao Xing2

This article has been retracted upon request from the authors due to errors they found in the conclusions.

ASTM International

February 2022
Reflexiones metodológicas en torno a la aplicación conjunta de la etnografía virtual y la entrevista en profundidad para el estudio de las emociones
Authors: Bazzano María Micaela
Published: August 2020

El artículo presenta una reflexión sobre las técnicas metodológicas aplicadas en una investigación realizada para la elaboración de una tesis doctoral. Las técnicas en cuestión son la etnografía virtual y la entrevista en profundidad, considerándose como las más adecuadas para el estudio de las emociones en el marco de los objetivos propuestos. Con este propósito el artículo iniciará con una presentación de la investigación, comentando brevemente los aspectos metodológicos generales y los objetivos, para situar la propuesta central que vendrá a continuación. Se realizará entonces una introducción conceptual de la etnografía virtual como técnica de investigación cualitativa y de la ya conocida entrevista en profundidad, vinculando ambas técnicas con la práctica en el trabajo de campo. Finalmente se presenta una reflexión sobre la combinación de ambas técnicas, planteando algunos interrogantes centrados en la potenciación que presenta la combinación de ambas técnicas en estudios cualitativos.
ANÁLISE SOCIOESPACIAL DA INFRAESTRUTURA DO ENTORNO RESIDENCIAL DO IDOSO EM FLORIANÓPOLIS
Authors: Casarin Vanessa , Faccio Demarco Fernanda , Guasselli Fernanda Caroline , Monterrosa Ayala Fº German Gregório
Published: August 2020

Têm-se consistentemente encontrado na literatura a presença de vegetação eacessibilidade como características desejáveis ao ambiente urbano. A acessibilidade, em especial, quando se trata da população idosa, para que tenha uma melhor qualidade de vida e condições de deslocamento. Assim, o objetivo central deste artigo é promover uma análise socioespacial da infraestrutura do entorno residencial do idoso no município de Florianópolis. A pesquisa utiliza dados do IBGE5, que são analisados estatisticamente e espacializados em mapas com auxílio do software QGis. Os resultados apontaram que a concentração de idosos em Florianópolis é maior em bairros de maior renda. Dentre os elementos infraestruturais analisados (presença de calçada, rampa, arborização urbana, iluminação pública e pavimentação e a ausência de lixo no logradouro público) o único que apresentou relação com a renda dos setores censitários foi a presença de calçada. A presença de rampa para acessibilidade e de arborização urbana ainda é bastante baixa na maioria dos setores censitários.Palavras-chave: entorno residencial, idoso, acessibilidade, áreas verdes.
PERCEPÇÃO DO USUÁRIO IDOSO SOBRE O TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO
Authors: Pires Diana Lopes , Portella Adriana , Schneider Carolina Gouvêa
Published: August 2020

A qualidade de vida pode estar relacionada ao grau de mobilidade que lhe é ofertado, sob influência de questões econômicas, sociais e faixa etária do indivíduo. Portanto, a capacidade da pessoa se deslocar, depende do acesso aos meios de transporte e de suas necessidades individuais. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar a percepção do usuário idoso quanto a qualidade de vida nos abrigos de ônibus. A cidade de Pelotas/RS foi selecionada como estudo de caso, uma vez que faz parte do projeto Place-Making with Older People: Towards Age Friendly Communities. Para isto, foi aplicado o método de entrevista estruturada. Este artigo apresenta resultados em relação aos percursos do idoso até os abrigos, acesso à informação de forma independente, conforto do mobiliário e a caracterização do público idoso usuário deste sistema de transporte.Palavras-chave: idoso, wayfinding, transporte público coletivo, mobilidade urbana.
REQUALIFICAÇÃO URBANA DE ÁREAS RIBEIRINHAS: O PROJETAR A PARTIR DA PERCEPÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE PESQUEIRA
Authors: Moura Karina Dos Santos , Portella Adriana , Ávila Chiarelli Lígia Maria
Published: August 2020

As comunidades ribeirinhas no Brasil enfrentam inundações periódicas naturaisou antrópicas, que são agravadas pela falta de infraestrutura oferecida pelopoder público. Com isso, é importante identificar os problemas que levam essascomunidades as situações de calamidade, e propor soluções frente a ausência de iniciativas de prevenção à desastres naturais por parte dos órgãos competentes. O estudo de caso desta pesquisa é a comunidade de pescadores do Pontal da Barra, na cidade de Pelotas, no Brasil. Através da aplicação de uma metodologia qualitativa e participativa (observações, entrevistas não estruturadas e análise de fontes primárias e secundárias), buscou-se identificar, entender e posteriormente propor soluções de projetos que poderão atender as necessidades do público alvo. Diante disso, busca-se uma melhor qualidade de vida para a população residente em áreas ribeirinhas, a fim de proporcionar um melhor envelhecimento no lugar.Palavras-chave: envelhecimento, comunidades ribeirinhas, comunidades resilientes.
Isolation, Screening and Identification of Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria from Theobroma cacao
Authors: Simarmata Rumella , Widowati Tiwit , Dewi Tirta Kumala , Lekatompessy Sylvia J. R. , Antonius Sarjiya
Published: August 2020

Cacao (Theobrama cacao) is one of the main plantation commodities in Indonesia which has an important role for the national economy. The low productivity of cacao plants in Indonesia is due to the condition of old plants, pests and diseases attacks which affect the quality of the fruit and decrease the plant’s productivity. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify of endophytic bacteria from stem, flower, leaf and fruit of T. cacao by using 16S rRNA gene as genetic marker. Twenty seven endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from local plantation in Yogyakarta area.  From this study, 8 endophytic bacterial strains exhibited the higher PGP traits. The isolates produced Indole Acetic Acid level by 0.3 to 5.21 ppm/hour. All of isolates had nitrogen fixation activity but have not phosphate solubilization activity. Among them, isolates CSDT 4 and CGKBH 4 showed promising potential as PGP bacteria. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, those bacterial strains were identified as Brevibacillus brevis (CSDT 4) and Pantoea sp. (CGKBH 4). We propose that the B. brevis and Pantoea sp. which is reported for the first time for their PGP potential in cacao, exerts its beneficial effects on cacao crop through combined of activities. The potential PGP bacteria from the Cacao plant was used to make a specific bio-fertilizer formula for the Cacao plant, because of the different needs and condition that every plant requires.
Plant Species Diversity and Degree of Homogeneity after the 2010 Eruption of Mount Merapi, Indonesia
Authors: Afrianto Whisnu Febry , Hikmat Agus , Widyatmoko Didik
Published: August 2020

The eruption in 2010 of Merapi Mount changed the diversity of plant species. The objective of this research was to investigate the diversity of plant species on Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). The sampling area was divided into three different levels of damage (heavy, medium, and mirror). The research was conducted by using line-transect and quadrat method.  We were conducted using line-transect and quadrat method. The research showed that Acacia decurrens has the highest Important Value Index (IVI) at the heavy damage area of Cangkringan Resort (CR) and Kemalang Resort (KR) as well as in mirror damage area of Selo Resort (SR). The most important species at medium damage area of Dukun Resort (DR) were Albizia lopantha and Pinus merkusii. The pioneer species at Non-Cover Area (NCA) among others were Trema cannabina, Pityrogramma calomelanos, Imperata cylindrical, Buddleja asiatica, Anaphalis javanica. Eupatorium riparium were the most important species of herb in all four locations based on SIMPER, but it was not dominant in NCA. The homogeneity of plant in Cangkringan Resort and Selo Resort (C < D < E) were normally distributed, whereas NCA, DR, and KR (E ≥ D) were homogeneous. Analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling and value of ANOSIM (RANOSIM =0.69; p = 0.0001) demonstrated that all site locations have significance differences. This research was not only focusing on survey of vegetation diversity, but also frequency class distribution. Through this study of frequency of species provides a database for conservation biodiversity and restoration program.
Pests and Diseases Associated with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Cultivation at Farmers’ Levels in the Central Region of Benin
Authors: Bouraïma Amoussatou , Sikirou Rachidatou , Zocli Bruno , Ezin Vincent , Etchiha Afoha Sètondji Alban Paterne , Gnancadja Léopold Simplice , Adjanonhoun Adolphe , Hell Kerstin
Published: August 2020

Roots and tubers are one of the most important crops that provide food security in West Africa. Thus, Pachyrhisus erosus with its various potentials, is planned to be introduced in Benin to improve the nutritional quality of the population. Prior to that, this study aimed at assessing pests and disease of P. erosus in the agroecological conditions in the central parts of Benin. Conducted at experimental field in Savè during two consecutive years, experiments were laid in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications and three treatments including EC 533 and EC Kew cultivars of P. erosus and cowpea variety named Kpodji-Guèguè. Results showed that the major pests collected from P. erosus namely Ootheca mutabilis, Medythia quaterna, Piezotrachelus varium, Megalurothrips sjostedti and Brevipalpus phoenis were not so far reported in it. Compared to cowpea, pest’s infestation and their damages were lower on P. erosus. Infestation severity on leaves and the percentage of perforated green pods ranged from 0.7% to 3% against 0.8% to 88.9% and from 12.5% to 16% against 57.2% to 64% respectively on P. erosus and cowpea. Cercospora disease caused by Cercospora canescens and yam bean leaf blight caused by an unknown fungus were observed. Cercospora disease affected cowpea and P. erosus while yam bean leaf blight affected only P. erosus. This study provides additional data on pests and diseases associated with P. erosus worldwide and alerts farmers regarding their management.
Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Turmeric Flowers
Authors: Septiana Eris , Yadi Yadi , Simanjuntak Partomuan
Published: August 2020

Antioxidants are compounds needed by the body to fight free radicals that can cause adverse effects on health. All parts of turmeric plant have antioxidant activity, so does the flower. It is thought that the endophytic fungi from turmeric flowers also have antioxidant activity and no studies have reported it yet. The purpose of this study was to study the antioxidant activity of single and mixed cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from turmeric flowers. In vitro antioxidant activity assay was conducted using the DDPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method by measuring its absorption using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 517 nm. The extract of single and mixed cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from turmeric flowers showed antioxidant activity. The combination of fungal cultures can increase the antioxidant activity of a single culture. This study is the first to report that the combination of endophytic fungi from turmeric flowers can increase its antioxidant activity. Therefore, the presence of the endophytic fungi in turmeric flowers that have antioxidant activity can provide additional information so that the utilization of turmeric flowers as a source of natural antioxidants will increase.
Strategies for Lignin Pretreatment, Decomposition and Modification: A Review
Authors: Tolesa Leta Deressa , Lee Ming-Jer
Published: August 2020

The dependency of chemical industry on nonrenewable sources of energy such as petroleum based carbon feedstock is rising dramatically day to day. Nonetheless, global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions threatens the environment balance and the climate stability. Accordingly, it is necessary to find a renewable resource to decrease the environmental concern, specifically gaseous emissions from fossil fuels and to provide the energy stock. Outstanding to the significance of lignocellulosic biomass as most remedy to the current environmental issues and substituent of nonrenewable source of energy, this review affords understandings about the role of lignin as polymer and raw material for large molecules. In this review article, types of lignin with their extraction methods, fractionation technology to valuable chemicals, modification of the macromolecules to other polymers with tunableproperties, and an extensive range of applications are discussed widely. The major valuable chemicals produced from lignin via chemical depolymerization are also summarized and illustrated with their molecular structures.
Teoría mimética y América Latina: el vigente problema de la identidad Un diálogo que nos convoca
Authors: Díaz Leguizamón Juan Manuel
Published: August 2020

Este artículo busca reflexionar sobre el problema de la identidad latinoamericana mediante la exploración de la propuesta del estudioso brasileño de literatura comparada João Cezar de Castro Rocha y su fecundo diálogo con la teoría mimética del deseo, desarrollada por el pensador francés René Girard. Rocha viene proponiendo una revisión de la historia cultural de América Latina como instancia de comprensión de la propia identidad, e invita a generar conciencia, con el fin de fortalecerla, de la que él considera la estrategia de producción cultural por excelencia de nuestros pueblos, emanada de su circunstancia no hegemónica: la “poética de la emulación”. El examen de esta historia permite acuñar una tipología característica para nuestras culturas como “shakespearianas”; permite trazar líneas de transmisión simbólica, inusitadas y complejas, entre nuestras mentes más destacadas; y visibiliza la presencia de un vocabulario o campo semántico especialmente sensible frente a problemáticas propias de la construcción de “interdividualidades colectivas”. Además se convierte en un caso ejemplar de cómo el diálogo con tradiciones aparentemente ajenas puede mostrarse fructífero, relativizando precisamente la engañosa “pureza” de la dicotomía entre lo “propio” y lo “ajeno” y entre lo “original” y lo “copiado”.
Nietzsche en España y Colombia (los casos de maría Zambrano y Carlos Arturo torres
Authors: Pachón Soto Damián
Published: August 2020

El artículo traza un paralelo en la recepción de Nietzsche en España y en Colombia a finales del siglo XIX y en las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX. Para el caso español se estudia la filósofa María Zambrano, para el colombiano, a Carlos Arturo Torres. Se argumenta que Nietzsche fue fundamental en ambos países como una herramienta de crítica al conservadurismo, y como promesa de futuro. Al final, se trazan algunas similitudes en ambos procesos de recepción.
La filosofía de la liberación como filosofía del pueblo. La experiencia del grupo argentino: la línea Kusch, Cullen, Scannone
Authors: Fresia Iván Ariel
Published: August 2020

La filosofía latinoamericana de la liberación en sus orígenes consideró la importancia del pueblo, lo popular, la cultura y los pobres. Aun con discusiones y divergencias en el interior del movimiento -a raíz de las diferentes concepciones filosóficas y políticas- pueblo-clase, pueblo-nación, pueblo-sectores populares estuvo presente en la producción de muchos de sus autores. Todos asumieron la cuestión del pueblo, pero ninguno apostó en denominar tal filosofía de la liberación como “filosofía del pueblo”. Cuestión que no dudaron en asumir, en cambio, cuando la producción teológica latinoamericana producida en Argentina fue denominada como “teología del pueblo”, primero despectivamente y posteriormente como nombre propio y nota característica. Es más, Scannone incluso consideró que era adecuado nombrar como “ético cultural” a la corriente filosófica inspirada en la sabiduría popular por él representada, pero difícilmente hubiera admitido que se denominara su filosofía inculturada de la liberación como “del pueblo”.
Recombinational Repair of Nuclease-Generated Mitotic Double-Strand Breaks with Different End Structures in Yeast
Authors: Gamble Dionna , Shaltz Samantha , Jinks-Robertson Sue
Published: August 2020

Mitotic recombination is the predominant mechanism for repairing double-strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Current recombination models are largely based on studies utilizing the enzyme I-SceI or HO to create a site-specific break, each of which generates broken ends with 3′ overhangs. In this study sequence-diverged ectopic substrates were used to assess whether the frequent Pol δ-mediated removal of a mismatch 8 nucleotides from a 3′ end affects recombination outcomes and whether the presence of a 3′ vs. 5′ overhang at the break site alters outcomes. Recombination outcomes monitored were the distributions of recombination products into crossovers vs. noncrossovers, and the position/length of transferred sequence (heteroduplex DNA) in noncrossover products. A terminal mismatch that was 22 nucleotides from the 3′ end was rarely removed and the greater distance from the end did not affect recombination outcomes. To determine whether the recombinational repair of breaks with 3′ vs. 5′ overhangs differs, we compared the well-studied 3′ overhang created by I-SceI to a 5′ overhang created by a ZFN (Zinc Finger Nuclease). Initiation with the ZFN yielded more recombinants, consistent with more efficient cleavage and potentially faster repair rate relative to I-SceI. While there were proportionally more COs among ZFN- than I-SceI-initiated events, NCOs in the two systems were indistinguishable in terms of the extent of strand transfer. These data demonstrate that the method of DSB induction and the resulting differences in end polarity have little effect on mitotic recombination outcomes despite potential differences in repair rate.
Detecting and Quantifying Natural Selection at Two Linked Loci from Time Series Data of Allele Frequencies with Forward-in-Time Simulations
Authors: He Zhangyi , Dai Xiaoyang , Beaumont Mark , Yu Feng
Published: August 2020

Recent advances in DNA sequencing techniques have made it possible to monitor genomes in great detail over time. This improvement provides an opportunity for us to study natural selection based on time serial samples of genomes while accounting for genetic recombination effect and local linkage information. Such time series genomic data allow for more accurate estimation of population genetic parameters and hypothesis testing on the recent action of natural selection. In this work, we develop a novel Bayesian statistical framework for inferring natural selection at a pair of linked loci by capitalising on the temporal aspect of DNA data with the additional flexibility of modeling the sampled chromosomes that contain unknown alleles. Our approach is built on a hidden Markov model where the underlying process is a two-locus Wright-Fisher diffusion with selection, which enables us to explicitly model genetic recombination and local linkage. The posterior probability distribution for selection coefficients is computed by applying the particle marginal Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, which allows us to efficiently calculate the likelihood. We evaluate the performance of our Bayesian inference procedure through extensive simulations, showing that our approach can deliver accurate estimates of selection coefficients, and the addition of genetic recombination and local linkage brings about significant improvement in the inference of natural selection. We also illustrate the utility of our method on real data with an application to ancient DNA data associated with white spotting patterns in horses.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Highlights the Importance of Sex-sensitive Medicine
Authors: Maas Angela HEM , Oertelt-Prigione Sabine
Published: August 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed important differences between the sexes in epidemiology, risk factors, clinical course, mortality and socioeconomic dimensions of the disease in all populations worldwide. This has emphasised the need for a better understanding of diversity aspects in healthcare to improve prevention, treatment and long-term consequences. In this article, the authors describe the most relevant knowledge thus far on sex differences regarding COVID-19.
Morphological Synthesis and workspace design for a parallel manipulator with linear actuators
Authors: Mesa Montoya Carlos Andrés , Quintero Riaza Hector Fabio , Gutiérrez Madrid Federico
Published: August 2020

This paper addresses the kinematic structure and workspace analysis of a parallel manipulator with linear actuators considering two studies.The first one was based on a morphological synthesis in which a kinematic connections approach was implemented. The set of combinations of joints and links for the desired system and their linkage are illustrated. Finally, the development regarding the conceivable morphologyis detailed, providing three linear degrees of freedom between the mobile and fixed platforms. The second study presented the dimensional synthesis of the manipulator, considering a workspace required and an input transmission index. The geometrical design was based on the maximum inscribed workspace volume; the cylindrical shape radius inscribed on a workspace intersection is also exemplified. The geometric determination of the workspace for the manipulator was demonstrated using computer-aided design. A design result of the Delta as checked with the stiffness and condition indices.
Power Quality Assessment of the Interconnection of a Microgrid to a local distribution system using Real-Time Simulation
Authors: Villarreal Montoya Juan Geronimo , Gomez Luna Eduardo , Marlés Sáenz Eduardo
Published: August 2020

This article assesses the impact on the Power Quality produced by the interconnection of a microgrid to a transmission system, real-time simulation have been used to carry out the study, applying national and international power quality standards, IEEE 1547 of 2018, IEEE 519 of 2014 and NTC 5001 of 2008. The phenomena of voltage harmonics, current harmonics, flicker and DC injection were evaluated on a microgrid case study. The results show that the interconnection of the microgrid produces a high impact on the current harmonics and the DC injection of the local transmission system, while the flicker phenomena and voltage harmonics have a smaller impact.
Structure optimization design of high-temperature, high-pressure nuclear power valve
Authors: Li Wei , Li Enda , Chang Hao , Liu Jianrui , Li Chang , Wang Xingyuan
Published: August 2020

The nuclear power valve is an important piece of equipment in any nuclear power system. The finite element method was used in this study to analyze the strength and rigidity of the high-temperature and high-pressure nuclear gate valve. The structural characteristics were optimized as per the parameters that affect the strength of the valve body. Fluid-solid coupling technology was utilized to investigate the temperature, deformation, and stress distributions in the structure. A high stress concentration was observed in the initial design; the maximum equivalent stress exceeded the allowable range. Three optimization methods were deployed in efforts to improve the stress distribution. The stress distribution was found to be more uniform post-optimization and the gate valve structure of all three schemes tested met the relevant stress requirements. The optimal scheme was then determined by further comparison. The results presented here may provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of nuclear power valve designs.
Digital gap of the colombian tourism sector
Authors: Ospino Ayala Oscar José , Barrios Sandoval Alexandra , Matos Mareño Ramon Antonio
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the current situation of digitization that exists in the Colombian tourism sector. For this, the data of the Annual Survey of Service-2018 were used, to which the multivariate analysis techniques of categorical main components and factorial analysis were applied, in the construction of an index that measures the digitization from the Technologies of the Information and communication. With the results of this application it was demonstrated that the techniques of multivariate analysis guarantee objective knowledge that allows the planning and implementation of strategies to face digital changes and generate innovation.