bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect Analysis of Strain Rate on Power Transmission Tower-Line System under Seismic Excitation
Authors: Tian Li , Wang Wenming , Qian Hui
Published: June 2014

The effect analysis of strain rate on power transmission tower-line system under seismic excitation is studied in this paper. A three-dimensional finite element model of a transmission tower-line system is created based on a real project. Using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, incremental dynamic analysis of the power transmission tower-line system is conducted to investigate the effect of strain rate on the nonlinear responses of the transmission tower and line. The results show that the effect of strain rate on the transmission tower generally decreases the maximum top displacements, but it would increase the maximum base shear forces, and thus it is necessary to consider the effect of strain rate on the seismic analysis of the transmission tower. The effect of strain rate could be ignored for the seismic analysis of the conductors and ground lines, but the responses of the ground lines considering strain rate effect are larger than those of the conductors. The results could provide a reference for the seismic design of the transmission tower-line system.
Photocatalytic Degradation of DIPA Using Bimetallic Cu-Ni/TiO2Photocatalyst under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Riaz Nadia , Bustam Mohamad Azmi , Chong Fai Kait , Man Zakaria B. , Khan Muhammad Saqib , Shariff Azmi M.
Published: June 2014

Bimetallic Cu-Ni/TiO2photocatalysts were synthesized using wet impregnation (WI) method with TiO2(Degussa-P25) as support and calcined at different temperatures (180, 200, and 300°C) for the photodegradation of DIPA under visible light. The photocatalysts were characterized using TGA, FESEM, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The results from the photodegradation experiments revealed that the Cu-Ni/TiO2photocatalysts exhibited much higher photocatalytic activities compared to bare TiO2. It was found that photocatalyst calcined at 200°C had the highest photocatalyst activities with highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (86.82%). According to the structural and surface analysis, the enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to its strong absorption into the visible region and high metal dispersion.
Microwave Tomographic Imaging Utilizing Low-Profile, Rotating, Right Angle-Bent Monopole Antennas
Authors: Epstein N. R. , Meaney P. M. , Paulsen K. D.
Published: June 2014

We have developed a simple mechanism incorporating feedline bends and rotary joints to enable motion of a monopole antenna within a liquid-based illumination chamber for tomographic imaging. The monopole is particularly well suited for this scenario because of its small size and simplicity. For the application presented here a full set of measurement data is collected from most illumination and receive directions utilizing only a pair of antennas configured with the rotating fixture underneath the imaging tank. Alternatively, the concept can be adapted for feed structures entering the tank from the sides to allow for measurements with vertically and horizontally polarized antennas. This opens the door for more advanced imaging applications where anisotropy could play an important role such as in bone imaging.
Energy Saving in Data Processing and Communication Systems
Authors: Iazeolla Giuseppe , Pieroni Alessandra
Published: June 2014

The power management of ICT systems, that is, data processing (Dp) and telecommunication (Tlc) systems, is becoming a relevant problem in economical terms. Dp systems totalize millions of servers and associated subsystems (processors, monitors, storage devices, etc.) all over the world that need to be electrically powered. Dp systems are also used in the government of Tlc systems, which, besides requiring Dp electrical power, also requireTlc-specificpower, both formobilenetworks (with their cell-phone towers and associated subsystems: base stations, subscriber stations, switching nodes, etc.) and forwirednetworks (with their routers, gateways, switches, etc.). ICT research is thus expected to investigate into methods to reduce Dp- and Tlc-specific power consumption. However, saving power may turn into waste of performance, in other words, into waste of ICT quality of service (QoS). This paper investigates the Dp and Tlc power management policies that look at compromises between power saving and QoS.
A New Way to Generate an Exponential Finite Difference Scheme for 2D Convection-Diffusion Equations
Authors: Wang Caihua
Published: June 2014

The idea of direction changing and order reducing is proposed to generate an exponential difference scheme over a five-point stencil for solving two-dimensional (2D) convection-diffusion equation with source term. During the derivation process, the higher order derivatives alongy-direction are removed to the derivatives alongx-direction iteratively using information given by the original differential equation (similarly fromx-direction toy-direction) and then instead of keeping finite terms in the Taylor series expansion, infinite terms which constitute convergent series are kept on deriving the exponential coefficients of the scheme. From the construction process one may gain more insight into the relations among the stencil coefficients. The scheme is of positive type so it is unconditionally stable and the convergence rate is proved to be of second-order. Fourth-order accuracy can be obtained by applying Richardson extrapolation algorithm. Numerical results show that the scheme is accurate, stable, and especially suitable for convection-dominated problems with different kinds of boundary layers including elliptic and parabolic ones. The idea of the method can be applied to a wide variety of differential equations.
An Overview of Thunderstorm-Associated Asthma Outbreak in Southwest of Iran
Authors: Forouzan Arash , Masoumi Kambiz , Haddadzadeh Shoushtari Maryam , Idani Esmaeil , Tirandaz Fatemeh , Feli Maryam , Assarehzadegan Mohammad Ali , Asgari Darian Ali
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to report the characteristics and treatment strategies of all patients with acute bronchospasm who were presented to the emergency departments of Ahvaz, Iran, following the occurrence of a thunderstorm on November 2, 2013. A total of 2000 patients presenting with asthma attacks triggered by thunderstorm were interviewed and an initial questionnaire was completed for each individual. After twenty days, patients were asked to complete a supplementary questionnaire, but only 800 of them accepted to do so. The majority of subjects was aged 20–40 years (60.5%) and had no history of asthma in most cases (60.0%). The symptoms had started outdoors for 60.0% of the participants. In most patients, the onset of the condition was on November 2. Short-actingβ2-agonist (salbutamol) and aminophylline were the most commonly prescribed medications in the emergency department. Upon the second interview, 85.3% of the patients were still symptomatic. Overall, 63.6% did not have a follow-up visit after hospital discharge, although all of them were referred to the specialist. The findings of the present study suggest that thunderstorm-associated asthma could affect young adults with no gender priority, with or without asthma history, which put a strain on emergency medical services.
Development of the Sri Lankan Early Teenagers’ Violence Inventory: An Instrument to Measure Peer Violence in Schools
Authors: Wijeratne Monika , Seneviratne Rohini , Gunawardena Nalika , Østbye Truls , Lynch Catherine , Sandøy Ingvild Fossgard
Published: June 2014

This study was designed to develop an inventory to measure peer violence among early teens (13–15 years of age) in schools in Sri Lanka. Development of SLETVI was carried out in two phases. In phase I, development of an operational definition for peer violence, identification, and finalizing violent acts for inventory was done by a combination of qualitative methods: a comprehensive literature review, focus group discussions among 13–15-year-old adolescents, their teachers and parents, and consultative meetings with experts in the field. Inventory was then pretested. In phase II, elaboration of SLETVI was carried out by administering it to a sample of 1700 adolescents (13–15 years old). Exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis was performed separately for experiences of victimization and perpetration. Test-retest reliability of SLETVI was assessed. SLETVI included 37 items in three factors: “less severe violence,” “severe physical,” and “severe relational” violence. Combined use of qualitative and quantitative methods enabled development of a culturally valid and reliable operational inventory to assess early teenagers’ peer violence in Sri Lankan and other South Asian schools.
Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth Nexus: A Case of Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Shah Mahmood , Khan Farid Ullah
Published: June 2014

This study aims to find dynamic interaction between domestic investment, foreign direct investment, and economic growth in Pakistan for the period 1976–2010. Phillips and Perron (PP) test is used to assess unit root in the concerned data series. Johansen cointegration approach applied to examine the long run relationship and Toda-Yamamoto causality approach is exercised to evaluate causal linkages. Besides foreign direct investment inflow to Pakistan and domestic investments variables, this study also used GDP as a third variable in order to avoid misspecification problems in the model and also to know the interrelationship between the variables. The empirical findings of this study reveal the existence of long run relationship between domestic investments, foreign direct investment, and economic growth, further supported by Toda-Yamamoto causality, and bidirectional causality has been found between FDI and domestic investment implying that both domestic investment and FDI cause each other.
Quality Prediction of DWT‐Based Compression for Remote Sensing Image Using Multiscale and Multilevel Differences Assessment Metric
Authors: Jiang Hongxu , Yang Kai , Liu Tingshan , Zhang Yongfei
Published: June 2014

Accurate assessment and prediction of visual quality are of fundamental importance to lossy compression of remote sensing image, since it is not only a basic indicator of coding performance, but also an important guide to optimize the coding procedure. In the paper, a novel quality prediction model based on multiscale and multilevel distortion (MSMLD) assessment metric is preferred for DWT‐based coding of remote sensing image. Firstly, we propose an image quality assessment metric named MSMLD, which assesses quality by calculating distortions in three levels and multiscale sampling between original images and compressed images. The MSMLD method not only has a better consistency with subjective perception values, but also shows the distortion features and visual quality of compressed image well. Secondly, some significant characteristics in spatial and wavelet domain that link well with quality criteria of MSMLD are chosen with multiple linear regression and used to establish a compression quality prediction model of MSMLD. Finally, the quality prediction model is extended to a wider range of compression ratios from 4 : 1 to 20 : 1 and tested with experiment. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed model is up to 98.33%, and its mean prediction error is less than state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Anthropometric Characteristics and Sex Influence Magnitude of Skin Cooling following Exposure to Whole Body Cryotherapy
Authors: Hammond L. E. , Cuttell S. , Nunley P. , Meyler J.
Published: June 2014

This study explored whether anthropometric measures influence magnitude of skin cooling following exposure to whole body cryotherapy (WBC). Height, weight, body fat percentage, and lean mass were measured in 18 male and 14 female participants. Body surface area, body surface area to mass ratio, body mass index, fat-free mass index, and fat mass index were calculated. Thermal images were captured before and after WBC (−60°C for 30 seconds, −110°C for 2 minutes). Skin temperature was measured at the chest, arm, thigh, and calf. Mean skin temperature before and after WBC and change in mean skin temperature(ΔTsk)were calculated.ΔTskwas significantly greater in females (12.07±1.55°C) than males (10.12±1.86°C;t(30)=-3.09,P=.004). A significant relationship was observed between body fat percentage andΔTskin the combined dataset (P=.002,r=.516) and between fat-free mass index andΔTskin males (P=.005,r=.622). No other significant associations were found. Skin response of individuals to WBC appears to depend upon anthropometric variables and sex, with individuals with a higher adiposity cooling more than thinner individuals. Effects of sex and anthompometrics should be considered when designing WBC research or treatment protocols.
Effect of Thickness of HA-Coating on Microporous Silk Scaffolds Using Alternate Soaking Technology
Authors: Li Hongguo , Zhu Rui , Sun Liguo , Xue Yingsen , Hao Zhangying , Xie Zhenghong , Fan Xiangli , Fan Hongbin
Published: June 2014

Hydroxyapatite (HA) can be coated on various materials surface and has the function of osteogenicity. Microporous silk scaffold has excellent biocompatibility. In this study, alternate soaking technology was used to coat HA on microporous silk scaffolds. However, the cell proliferation was found to decrease with the increasing thickness (cycles of soaking) of HA-coating. This study aims to determine the best thickness (cycles of soaking) of HA-coating on microporous silk scaffolds. The SEM observation showed that group with one cycle of alternate soaking (1C-HA) has the most optimal porosity like non-HA-modified microporous silk scaffolds. The proliferation of osteoblasts has no significant difference between noncoated HA (N-HA) and 1C-HA groups, which are both significantly higher than those in two cycles of soaking (2C-HA) and three cycles of soaking (3C-HA) groups. The transcription levels of specific genes (runx2andosteonectin) in osteoblasts of 1C-HA group were significantly higher than those of N-HA group. Moreover, the levels showed no significant difference among 1C-HA, 2C-HA, and 3C-HA groups. In conclusion, microporous silk scaffold with 1 cycle of HA-coating can combine the biocompatibility of silk and osteogenicity of HA.
Familial Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Report of Five Cases from Greece
Authors: Armyra Kalliopi , Kouris Anargyros , Xanthinaki Arsinoi , Stratigos Alexandros , Potouridou Irene
Published: June 2014

Introduction. Familial cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma have rarely been reported. Kaposi’s sarcoma is not uncommon in Greece; its incidence is estimated at 0.20 per 100.000 habitants, showing an increased predominance in the Peloponnese, in Southern Greece.Case Report. We describe five cases of familial clustering of KS originating from Greece.Discussion. The pathogenesis of familial Kaposi’s sarcoma is still far from being completely understood. Genetic, environmental, and infectious factors have been incriminated.
Approach to Reduction of Blood Atherogenicity
Authors: Orekhov Alexander N. , Melnichenko Alexandra A. , Sobenin Igor A.
Published: June 2014

We have earlier found that blood sera of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) increase lipid levels in cells cultured from subendothelial intima of human aorta. We have also revealed that the ability of blood sera to raise intracellular cholesterol; that is, their atherogenicity is caused by at least modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) circulating in the blood of patients and autoantibodies to modified LDL. In the present work we have demonstrated significant impact of nonlipid factor(s) to blood atherogenicity. We have developed an approach to removal of nonlipid atherogenicity factor(s) from blood serum based on the use of immobilized LDL. This approach was used for extracorporeal perfusion of patient’s blood through the column with immobilized LDL. Pilot clinical study confirmed the efficacy of this approach for prevention of coronary atherosclerosis progression.
Prevalence of Brucellosis among Women Presenting with Abortion/Stillbirth in Huye, Rwanda
Authors: Rujeni Nadine , Mbanzamihigo Léonidas
Published: June 2014

The incidence of human brucellosis is not documented in Rwanda despite several reports on the disease in cattle. Because brucellosis has been associated with abortion, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of positive serology in women presenting with abortion and/or stillbirth. The study was done in Huye District, in the Southern Province of Rwanda, and the patients were recruited from both the University Teaching Hospital of Butare (CHUB) and Kabutare District Hospital. Serum samples were collected and the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) was performed on each sample. A questionnaire was also used to investigate potential contacts with animals and/or consumption of raw milk. A total of 60 women were recruited and 15 (i.e., 25%) wereBrucellaseropositive. The questionnaire showed that those with seropositivity either were in contact with domestic animals (cattle, goat, or sheep) or were consuming raw cow’s milk. Human brucellosis appears to be of public health importance in Rwanda and more attention should be drawn on the disease. The current study provides a basis for larger studies to establish the incidence of human brucellosis in Rwanda. More mechanistic studies will also demonstrate the pathogenicity ofBrucellain human placentas.
Apocynum Tablet Protects against Cardiac Hypertrophy via Inhibiting AKT and ERK1/2 Phosphorylation after Pressure Overload
Authors: Qi Jianyong , Liu Qin , Gong Kaizheng , Yu Juan , Wang Lei , Guo Liheng , Zhou Miao , Wu Jiashin , Zhang Minzhou
Published: June 2014

Background. Cardiac hypertrophy occurs in many cardiovascular diseases. Apocynum tablet (AT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in China to treat patients with hypertension. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of AT on the hypertension‐induced cardiac hypertrophy remain elusive. The current study evaluated the effect and mechanisms of AT on cardiac hypertrophy. Methods. We created a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy by inducing pressure overload with surgery of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and then explored the effect of AT on the development of cardiac hypertrophy using 46 mice in 4 study groups (combinations of AT and TAC). In addition, we evaluated the signaling pathway of phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and protein expression of GATA4 in the cardioprotective effects of AT using Western blot. Results. AT inhibited the phosphorylation of Thr202/Tyr204 sites of ERK1/2, Ser473 site of AKT, and protein expression of GATA4 and significantly inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis at 2 weeks after TAC surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusions. We experimentally demonstrated that AT inhibits cardiac hypertrophy via suppressing phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT.
Neuroendocrine Differentiation Is a Prognostic Factor for Stage II Poorly Differentiated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Yue , Xu Jinghong , Jiao Yurong , Hu Yeting , Yi Chenghao , Li Qiong , Tong Zhou , Wang Xiaowei , Hu Lifeng , Xiao Qian , Li Jun , Ding Kefeng
Published: June 2014

Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in colorectal cancer is an indistinct phenomenon and may define a new cancer subtype, especially in the poorly differentiated colorectal cancer (PDCRC). The clinical features of PDCRC with NED remain controversial, thus confusing the implementation of individualized treatment. This study included 171 patients who underwent surgery from 2000 to 2011 and had pathology-confirmed PDCRC. Each sample was examined by immunohistochemistry for the biological markers of NED, synaptophysin (Syn), and chromogranin (CgA). Patients with Syn(+) and/or CgA(+) cells were classified as NED(+); otherwise, they were NED(−). Data were collected for patients who were followed up for at least two years. NED(+) staining was present in 71 (41.5%) patients. The median survival time was 36.9 months. No survival differences existed between the NED(−) and NED(+) groups(P>0.05). However, stage II NED(+) patients had a significantly worse prognosis than NED(−) patients(P=0.018). For the NED(+) group, the median survival was 38.56 months, and the 5-year survival was 65%. For the NED(−) group, the median survival was 53.18 months, and the 5-year survival was 90%. NED is a common event in primary PDCRC. For stage II PDCRC, NED(+) indicates a poor prognosis.
Hybrid Simulation Environment for Construction Projects: Identification of System Design Criteria
Authors: Moussa Mohamed , Ruwanpura Janaka Y. , Jergeas George , Mohamed Tamer
Published: June 2014

Large construction projects are complex, dynamic, and unpredictable. They are subject to external and uncontrollable events that affect their schedule and financial outcomes. Project managers take decisions along the lifecycle of the projects to align with projects objectives. These decisions are data dependent where data change over time. Simulation-based modeling and experimentation of such dynamic environment are a challenge. Modeling of large projects or multiprojects is difficult and impractical for standalone computers. This paper presents the criteria required in a simulation environment suitable for modeling large and complex systems such as construction projects to support their lifecycle management. Also presented is a platform that encompasses the identified criteria. The objective of the platform is to facilitate and simplify the simulation and modeling process and enable the inclusion of complexity in simulation models.
LED Context Lighting System in Residential Areas
Authors: Kwon Sook-Youn , Im Kyoung-Mi , Lim Jae-Hyun
Published: June 2014

As issues of environment and energy draw keen interest around the globe due to such problems as global warming and the energy crisis, LED with high optical efficiency is brought to the fore as the next generation lighting. In addition, as the national income level gets higher and life expectancy is extended, interest in the enhancement of life quality is increasing. Accordingly, the trend of lightings is changing from mere adjustment of light intensity to system lighting in order to enhance the quality of one’s life as well as reduce energy consumption. Thus, this study aims to design LED context lighting system that automatically recognizes the location and acts of a user in residential areas and creates an appropriate lighting environment. The proposed system designed in this study includes three types of processing: first, the creation of a lighting environment index suitable for the user’s surroundings and lighting control scenarios and second, it measures and analyzes the optical characteristics that change depending on the dimming control of lighting and applies them to the index. Lastly, it adopts PIR, piezoelectric, and power sensor to grasp the location and acts of the user and create a lighting environment suitable for the current context.
Surveillance ofAedes aegypti(L.) Mosquitoes in Mumbai International Seaport (India) to Monitor Potential Global Health Risks
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Sharma Abhay Kumar , Sarkar Manas , Chauhan Arun , Sharma Rajeev
Published: June 2014

Aedesmosquitoes are highly invasive and can survive almost any climatic conditions. They transmit a number of major world's deadly diseases. Therefore, a study was undertaken during December 2010 to evaluate the entomo-epidemiological risk ofAedesmosquito borne diseases (VBD) in Mumbai international seaport areas to minimize potential global health risks and prevent introduction of new VBD in India. Surveys were undertaken in operational and residential areas of Mumbai Port Trust (MPT). All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level, prescribed for seaports by International Health Regulations Act, 2005. The operational areas where large goods are handled from cargo ships were found to be more prone to mosquito breeding comparing to residential areas. High insecticide tolerance ofAedes aegyptipopulation against temephos and fenthion from Mumbai port area is reported for the first time. A careful and regular invigilation of the international seaports to prevent building up of vector density of dengue/chikungunya and yellow fever is recommended.
Dose-Response-Relationship between Number of Laser Burns and IOP Reduction in Cyclophotocoagulation: An Animal Study
Authors: Wagenfeld Lars , Schwarzer Hendrik , Roessler Gernot , Klemm Maren , Skevas Christos , Richard Gisbert , Zeitz Oliver
Published: June 2014

Purpose. The relationship between number of laser burns of cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is unknown. This animal model was established to reveal a possible dose-response-relationship between the number of applied laser burns and the IOP lowering effect.Methods. 30 chinchilla bastard rabbits were divided into 5 groups and treated with either 1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 CPC burns, respectively. IOP was followed up for 1 week. IOP reduction of a single 30-burn treatment was compared with a fractionated treatment (three sessions; one week in between; 10 burns/session).Results. IOP reduction increases nonlinearly with the number of CPC burns (max.-6.1±1.4 mmHg). Fractionated treatment shows similar IOP reduction with less complications and more constant results compared to single session treatment.Conclusions. The study reveals a complex relationship between IOP reduction and the number of CPC burns. Fractionated CPC gives comparable IOP reduction at a higher degree of safety.
Regime Resistance against Low-Carbon Transitions: Introducing Politics and Power into the Multi-Level Perspective
Authors: Geels Frank W
Published: June 2014

While most studies of low-carbon transitions focus on green niche-innovations, this paper shifts attention to the resistance by incumbent regime actors to fundamental change. Drawing on insights from political economy, the paper introduces politics and power into the multi-level perspective. Instrumental, discursive, material and institutional forms of power and resistance are distinguished and illustrated with examples from the UK electricity system. The paper concludes that the resistance and resilience of coal, gas and nuclear production regimes currently negates the benefits from increasing renewables deployment. It further suggests that policymakers and many transition-scholars have too high hopes that ‘green’ innovation will be sufficient to bring about low-carbon transitions. Future agendas in research and policy should therefore pay much more attention to the destabilization and decline of existing fossil fuel regimes.
Integral Waste
Authors: Cubitt Sean
Published: June 2014

It is not only the physical digital media that pile waste upon waste in an era of built-in obsolescence driven by over-production attempting to balance the falling rate of profit. Energy used in the manufacture, employment and recycling of devices belongs to a system where waste is not merely accidental but integral to the operation of cognitive capitalism. Oil and gas, uranium and hydroelectricity all prey disproportionately on indigenous peoples, who are turned into economic externalities along with their lands. A parallel is drawn between the waste of power in generation and transmission, and the exploitation of human energy as excess under a cyborg capital that increasingly treats all humanity as external.
Presence of Candida cell wall derived polysaccharides in the sera of intensive care unit patients: relation with candidaemia and Candida colonisation
Authors: Poissy Julien , Sendid Boualem , Damiens Sébastien , Ichi Ishibashi Ken , François Nadine , Kauv Marie , Favory Raphaël , Mathieu Daniel , Poulain Daniel
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Prompt diagnosis of candidaemia and invasive candidosis is crucial to the early initiation of antifungal therapy. The poor sensitivity of blood cultures (BCs) has led to the development of fungal glycan tests as a diagnostic adjunct. We analysed the performance of tests for the detection of circulating β-D-1,3-glucan (BDG) and mannan in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.

Methods

This retrospective, case–control study included 43 ICU patients with candidaemia and 67 controls, hospitalised on the same ward and assessed weekly for yeast colonisation with simultaneous serum sampling; 340 sera taken before and after positive BCs were available for the cases group and 203 for the controls. BDG and mannan levels were determined using the Fungitell® and Platelia™ Candida Ag tests, respectively.

Results

BDG was detected early in sera from cases patients but was also present in several sera from controls. Increasing the cut-off from 80 pg/mL to 350 pg/mL and 800 pg/mL resulted in sensitivity/specificity ratios of 0.97/0.31, 0.65/0.74, 0.30/0.86, respectively. Detection of mannan was more specific but lacked sensitivity. No obvious correlation was found between BDG and colonisation, but a trend existed between high colonisation and high BDG. Candidaemia relapses were associated with a rise in BDG and mannan but, in contrast to the transient nature of mannan, BDG persisted up to 7 weeks after positive BCs.

Conclusion

A combination of mannan and BDG tests could be used to guide pre-emptive therapeutic decisions in ICU patients.
A Small Gardener Scripts Her Own Life
Authors: Sonheim Amy
Published: June 2014

The essay interprets the doubled narrative of the picture book The Gardener, illustrated by David Small and authored by Sarah Stewart, as a simulation of relational therapy as practiced with traumatized children. Because traumatized children often struggle to articulate what has happened to them in a psychical framework as they experience contradictory feelings, relational therapy seeks to trace a healthy narrative from these inchoate feelings for healing. Comparably, when reading the picture book The Gardener , one easily notices that the pictures and words do not jibe emotionally. Small’s illustrations portray the main character’s feelings of being overwhelmed, while Stewart’s words, using a first-person narrative, voice the main character’s feelings of confidence. Noting patterns of transference, role modeling, and contradiction, the essay explores the picture book’s art as the main character’s psychoanalytic process of adapting to trying circumstances through scripting her own situation. The fictional circumstance parallels closely psychoanalytic cases of both an older adopted child’s attempt to adapt to new parents as well as the illustrator’s own creative process to redeem his abusive childhood memories portrayed in his 2009 graphic novel Stitches: A Memoir .
“To Half Believe and Wholly Play”: Dialectics of Reality in Beatrix Potter’s The Tale of Two Bad Mice
Authors: Tutter Adele
Published: June 2014

The essay examines how the commandeered dollhouse of Beatrix Potter’s The Tale of Two Bad Mice is both allegorical stage and symbolic container of the inner life of the child—in particular, the oscillatory play between the real and the fantastic. These dialectics are masterfully dramatized in the narrative and woven into the fabric of the prose. Enjoining them to “play” along, Potter reassures the young reader that in spite of their “bad” impulses, feelings and fantasies, they are not “so very very naughty after all.”
Minorities Onstage: Cultural Tourism, Cosmopolitanism, and Social Harmony in Northwestern Vietnam
Authors: Briain Lonán Ó
Published: June 2014

This article examines the recent proliferation of ethnic minority–themed music and dance shows for tourists in the Sapa district of northwestern Vietnam. Based on 18 months of fieldwork in the region, the research considers how the musical cultures of the Hmong, Yao, and other minority groups in Sapa have been commodified and repackaged as part of Vietnam’s flourishing tourism industry in the early twenty-first century. Two case studies illustrate how traditional performance practices, which some of the ensembles claim to be preserving, are being adapted to cater to tourists’ desires. Although the state-directed folkloricization of these indigenous traditions might reflect a celebration of the cultural cosmopolitanism of Sapa, its major trajectory is national unity via a calculated promotion of social harmony in northwestern Vietnam.
Singing, Dancing, and Identity in the Karen Diaspora
Authors: MacLachlan Heather
Published: June 2014

Karen refugees from Burma/Myanmar, now living in diaspora, perform two iconic dances: the bamboo dance and the don dance. These dances—which involve singing in Karen languages, playing traditional Karen instruments, wearing Karen dress, and enacting gestures that symbolize village life in Burma—allow Karen young people to practice the habits of “Karen-ness.” The dances are rehearsed and performed in order to inculcate a sense of Karen identity in the participants, most of whom have never seen Karen State. This article is based on fieldwork conducted among Karen migrants in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
Yaws, Syphilis, Sexuality, and the Circulation of Medical Knowledge in the British Caribbean and the Atlantic World
Authors: Paugh Katherine
Published: June 2014

This history of the disease categories “yaws” and “syphilis” explores the interplay between European and African medical cultures in the early modern Atlantic world. The assertion made by both early modern and modern medical authorities, that yaws and syphilis are the same disease, prompts a case study of the history of disease that reflects on a variety of issues in the history of medicine: the use of ideas about contagion to demarcate racial and sexual difference at sites around the British Empire; the contrast between persistently holistic ideas about disease causation in the Black Atlantic and the growth of ontological theories of disease among Europeans and Euro-Americans; and the controversy over the African practice of yaws inoculation, which may once have been an effective treatment but was stamped out by plantation owners who viewed it as a waste of their enslaved laborers’ valuable time.
Ethnic Identity, Religion, and Gender: An Exploration of Intersecting Identities Creating Diverse Perceptions and Experiences with Intimate Cross-Gender Relationships Amongst South Asian Youth in Canada
Authors: Zaidi Arshia U. , Couture-Carron Amanda , Maticka-Tyndale Eleanor , Arif Mehek
Published: June 2014

La migration des Asiatiques du Sud d’un pays à un autre devient de plus en plus commune. Ce mouvement soulève les enjeux post migratoires qui affectent la seconde génération des Asiatiques du Sud, qui doivent négocier une socialisation assez conflictuelle entre les deux générations, en s’adaptant aux valeurs, aux croyances, aux attitudes et pratiques : ceci avec tous ceux qui sont à l’extérieur du pays. Un autre défi qui s’impose à cette seconde génération d’Asiatiques du Sud est la négociation et la formation de relations hétérosexuelles de genres croisés. Se basant sur l’analyse qualitative, spécifiquement pour des entrevues approfondies avec les Asiatiques du Sud de la seconde génération—chrétiens, musulmans et hindous dans la grande région du centre Toronto, le présent travail examine comment les chevauchements entre sexes, ethnies et religions influencent les perceptions et les expériences des participants dans leurs relations intimes croisées avec d’autres genres. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe des variations au sein de chaque source d’identité et d’acceptation ainsi que les expériences des relations intimes croisées avec d’autres genres qui dépendent de la façon dont les identités se chevauchent et interagissent.
La mosaïque culturelle du Canada dans la littérature de jeunesse de langue française: une analyse des albums, de 2003 à 2012
Authors: Dionne Anne-Marie
Published: June 2014

Children’s multicultural literature contributes to the development of the child who is culturally different from the majority. It also enables all children, regardless of their cultural background, to develop their beliefs and attitudes towards the other. However, it is important to consider the ideologies conveyed in the books that they encounter. This article presents an analysis of 1,132 picture books published by French Canadian publishers from 2003 to 2012. The first part of the research consisted of an assessment of the number of picture books in which we found visible minority characters. We also took into account the cultural origins of authors and illustrators. In the second part, we conducted some analysis in order to identify ideologies promoted in multicultural picture books. The results show that there are important gaps between the representation of visible minorities in children’s literature and the Canadian reality. They also suggest discrepancies between ideologies conveyed in picture books and Canadian values in regards to multiculturalism.
Los límites del poder disciplinario: El Seminario Conciliar y la formación del clero en Puerto Rico (1805-1857)
Authors: Chirinos César Augusto Salcedo
Published: June 2014

Les transgressions du clergé de Porto-Rico au XIXe siècle font partie de l’historiographie. Les explications de ces comportements sont liées au concept nature-culture. D’une part, on affirme que la nature était responsable de la faiblesse des hommes, et d’autre part, qu’ils avaient une formation académique peu élevée. Si ces deux arguments tiennent debout, comment expliquer alors le comportement ordonné des autres prêtres ? Comment expliquer que les transgresseurs ont reçu leur diplôme ? Cet article utilise la théorie de la construction des subjectivités afin de représenter ces ecclésiastiques comme résultat de l’inaptitude du pouvoir disciplinaire de l’Eglise. À partir des approches de Foucault et d’une étude prosopo-graphique détaillée, nous affirmons que le problème de ce clergé reposait sur la déficience de cette même institution à former des prêtres selon le profil sacerdotal élaboré par le Magistère ecclésiastique, en particulier le Concile de Trente et le Synode local de l’année 1645.
The Art of Power: Poison and Obeah Accusations and the Struggle for Dominance and Survival in Jamaica’s Slave Society
Authors: Bryson Sasha Turner
Published: June 2014

Les crimes de Obeah en Jamaïque après la Révolte de Tacky en 1760 ont donné lieu à de nombreuses accusations et poursuites judiciaires de clients présumés et praticiens par les planteurs qui voulaient prévenir des futures révoltes d’esclaves et éliminer des rivaux qui faisaient la concurrence pour obtenir la loyauté des esclaves. Ces efforts ont abouti à de nombreuses lois sur l’esclavage et pratiques policières, qui ont légitimé et élargi la domination et le pouvoir des propriétaires d’esclaves, mais ironiquement ils ont augmenté les pouvoirs de négociation des esclaves. L’article explore comment les définitions légales de l’empoisonnement et Obeah ont changé au fil du temps et l’intention politique et sociale des accusations, il révèle les complexités de la lutte entre les propriétaires d’esclaves et les esclaves pour la survie et le contrôle de la société esclavagiste de la Jamaïque. Tandis que les lois sur l’empoisonnement et l’Obeah ainsi que les accusations et les persécutions suggèrent des perspectives intéressantes sur les conflits, les tensions et les négociations entre les propriétaires et les esclaves et les membres des communautés d’esclaves, elles ont laissé un goût amer d’Obeah vu comme symbole de sorcellerie et de fraude, et à tort projettent le poison comme un élément clé.
A Colonial Bank under Spanish and American Sovereignty: The Banco Español de Puerto Rico, 1888-1913
Authors: Martín-Aceña Pablo , de Montaud Inés Roldán
Published: June 2014

Cet article étudie l’histoire de la Banque Espagnole de Porto Rico depuis sa création en 1888 jusqu’à sa dissolution en 1913. La Banque Espagnole a été la seule banque d’émission de l’île jusqu’en 1898, date à partir de laquelle la souveraineté de Porto Rico est passée sous le contrôle des États-Unis. La création de cette banque a été suivie de beaucoup de difficultés, et faisait face à toutes sortes d’obstacles qui ont entravé son développement tout au long de la première décennie de son existence. Cependant, la banque a permis de diversifier la structure financière de la colonie, réduire le coût du crédit et moderniser le système monétaire de l’île. Le fait par l’île de perdre sa souveraineté fut traumatisant pour l’institution : la Banque a perdu son monopole d’émission et elle a dû s’adapter à la législation financière des Etats-Unis. En 1905, elle a dû adopter le nom de Banque de Porto Rico et modifier son statut. Vers la fin de son existence, elle a connu un véritable succès et contribua ainsi au développement économique de l’île. Dans l’ensemble, l’histoire de la Banque est un mélange de succès et d’échecs, de progrès et de reculs.
Identity, Stress, and Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Undergraduates: Evidence for Interaction Effects
Authors: Burt Keith B. , Paysnick Amy A.
Published: June 2014

The present study examined sense of identity (assessed using the Identity subscale of the Psychosocial Maturity Inventory) as a moderator of associations between stressful life events, behavioral/emotional problems, and substance abuse in a sample of 187 college undergraduates (67% female). Correlations showed evidence for positive associations between life stress and behavioral and emotional problems, negative associations between identity and life stress/behavioral and emotional problems, and a positive association between identity and GPA. For three outcomes—anxious/depressed problems, thought problems, and aggressive behavior—identity moderated the association, such that individuals with a stronger sense of identity reported fewer problems even when experiencing high levels of life stress. Primary results remained significant when controlling for age, global self-worth, and broad personality variables, and did not differ by gender.
The Ballad of Chile’s Last Outlaw Fishermen
Authors: D’Amato Peter
Published: June 2014

On clear days, you can see dozens of ships from Chile’s artisanal fleet fishing the cool waters of the country’s southern coast, their nets extended across rings of yellow buoys. It can take a half-dozen nets full of fish to top up the ships’ fifty-ton holds. For the men of the ships—who work whenever there is light and wherever they find fish—this means days of hauling line, stacking and repairing nets, and siphoning fish into the hold.
Millennial Movements: Occupy Wall Street and the Dreamers
Authors: Milkman Ruth
Published: June 2014

The dominant narrative about the “Millennial” generation (roughly, those born between 1980 and 2000) portrays its members as selfish, lazy, narcissistic, entitled, and politically disengaged. Yet in 2008, Barack Obama captured their imaginations: 66 percent of voters under thirty cast their ballots for him, compared to half of those over that age--a larger disparity than in any presidential election since exit polling begain in 1972.
Full Employment and the Path to Shared Prosperity
Authors: Baker Dean , Bernstein Jared
Published: June 2014

There are many policies that can reduce inequality, but there is none as straight-forward conceptually and as difficult politically as full employment. The basic point is simple: at low rates of unemployment, the demand for labor allows workers at the middle and bottom of the wage distribution to achieve gains in hourly wages, annual hours of work, and thus income.
What We Talk About When We Talk About “The Uyghurs”
Authors: Holdstock Nick
Published: June 2014

In 1997 I watched a news report about a protest in a place that I’d never heard of. The newsreader probably hadn’t heard of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in western China either; he certainly couldn’t pronounce it, nor the name of the ethnic group—the Uyghurs—that were said to be protesting. But although the report had little to say about them, other than that they were Muslims, its message was clear: here was an ethnic minority that the Chinese government was persecuting.
Simple Conversation or Secret Treaty? The Taft-Katsura Memorandum in Korean Historical Memory
Authors: Larsen Kirk W. , Seeley Joseph
Published: June 2014

For generations of North and South Koreans, the 1905 Taft-Katsura Memorandum or “secret treaty” has been emblematic of the US decision to support the Japanese annexation of Korea around the turn of the twentieth century. While scholars have periodically raised objections to the popular tropes of a backroom treaty that dictated the fate of Korea, these have had little impact on how the Taft-Katsura Memorandum has been imagined by many Koreans. In the case of North Korea, the Memorandum is yet another evidence of American perfidy which justifies the need for constant vigilance and avoidance of undue dependence on any outside power. In South Korea, the dominant narrative of the Taft-Katsura Memorandum is not one of America living up to its evil reputation, but of America falling short of its good ideals. In the case of both North and South Korea, depictions of the Taft-Katsura Memorandum in textbooks, popular comic book histories, and political editorials probably exert far more influence on how this document is remembered and understood than do a dozen scholarly articles on the subject. The persistence of the idea of a Taft-Katsura “secret treaty” in narratives of modern Korean history illustrates the tension between actuality, scholarly history, and popular memory.
Reclaiming the Rural: Modern Danish Cooperative Living in Colonial Korea, 1925–37
Authors: Park Albert L.
Published: June 2014

During the Japanese Colonial Period, the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), the Presbyterian Church, and the Ch’ŏndogyo rural movements collectively became one of the largest agrarian reconstruction campaigns. In order to materialize a vision of modernity centered on religion, agriculture, and a pastoral life, each of the three movements featured Danish-style cooperative systems. Praised as a model for modernizing an agriculture-based economy, Danish cooperatives were characterized as ideal mechanisms to pool the labor and resources of individual peasants and create enough economic power to negotiate the challenges of capitalism. To the leaders of the YMCA, Presbyterian Church, and Ch’ŏndogyo rural movements, cooperatives represented the best means to stem the collapse of agrarian society. Cooperatives further appealed to these leaders because they created a collective body of individuals that aimed to elevate life above all, including money and capital. This article analyzes why and how the YMCA, Presbyterian Church, and Ch’ŏndogyo rural leaders sought to reclaim, rather than restore, the past for the purpose of creating new beginnings in the present through Danish cooperative systems in order to realize their alternative visions of modernity.
Late Colonial Modernism and the Desire for Renewal
Authors: Poole Janet
Published: June 2014

This article attempts to rethink the question of modernism in colonial Korea by proposing a move away from formalist definitions of modernism and toward an understanding of modernism as an affirmation of modernity as a culture of time. This approach attempts to free Korean literary texts from the burden of being read as formal repetitions of European literary forms and instead allows the Korean texts to testify to the workings of their own temporalization. After laying out the theoretical and material grounds for late colonial modernism, the article provides a reading of two works that suggest decadence as an important mode through which the contradictions of the late colonial era could be thought and represented. As an aesthetic conveying a sense of an ending, decadence allowed for a confrontation with the problem of historical transformation just as the colonial government announced wartime mobilization policies that attempted to write a new future for Korea and Koreans.