bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary record of historic seismicity in a small, southern Oregon lake
Authors: (Ross) Ann E. Morey , Shapley Mark D. , Gavin Daniel G. , Nelson Alan R. , Goldfinger Chris
Published: May 2022

We compare disturbances from the historic portion of the sedimentary record from Lower Squaw Lake, Oregon, to the historic record of events from the region to (1) determine if the lake records Cascadia megathrust earthquakes, and (2) if sediment deposits can be differentiated by disturbance type. We use the sedimentological characteristics and geochemically inferred provenance of the deposits (labeled A-J) from the historic portion (post 1650 CE) of the record to discriminate between types of deposits. We show that earthquake-triggered deposits are complex and flood deposits are simpler but vary depending on flood characteristics. Disturbance deposit J dates close to 1700 CE (1680–1780 CE) through multiple approaches. This deposit suspected to result from the magnitude (M) 8.8–9.2 1700 CE Cascadia megathrust earthquake is composed of unusually well-sorted, normally graded, medium-grained silt derived from distal rocks in the upper watershed. The silt grades upward, increasing in organic content forming a long, organic-rich tail. Load structures of silt into the organic-rich sediment below suggest rapid deposition. In contrast, a deposit attributed to the ~ M7.0 1873 CE intraplate earthquake is a normally graded, medium-grained, watershed-sourced silt overlain by a thinner organic tail and preceded by a deposit interpreted as a local wall failure. These results suggest that inland lakes can be sensitive recorders of earthquakes, and that it is possible to discriminate between plate margin and other types of earthquakes, and floods.
Managing environmental impacts of water and energy use by a multipurpose cropping pattern optimization
Authors: Sedighkia Mahdi , Fathi Zeynab
Published: May 2022

The present study proposes a multipurpose cropping pattern optimization to minimize the environmental impacts of water and energy use on agriculture through the income–energy–river ecosystem nexus approach in different hydrological conditions. The following three main purposes are considered in the optimization model: (1) mitigating greenhouse gas emissions due to farming by considering minimization of agricultural energy consumption; (2) mitigating environmental impacts on the river ecosystem by considering it as the main source for supplying irrigation demand in the case study and (3) maximizing farmers’ income. Field studies are carried out in the case study for recording energy inputs to assess average energy use, irrigation demand, production yield and other required parameters for the selected crops. The fuzzy physical habitat simulation is utilized to develop an environmental impact function in the river ecosystem. Based on the results of the case study, the optimization model is able to balance energy use, impacts on the river ecosystem and farmers’ income. However, its performance is not best in terms of all the defined purposes. The results indicate that more than 50% of the initial income is provided, while energy use is mitigated by more than 70% on average. Furthermore, the river ecosystem is protected properly.
New challenges in the study of coastal aquifers from numerical modeling. The case of the Motril-Salobreña aquifer
Authors: Calvache María Luisa , Blanco-Coronas Ángela M. , Duque Carlos , López-Chicano Manuel , Sánchez-Úbeda Juan Pedro
Published: May 2022

Coastal aquifers are frequently complex systems with highly heterogeneous geological characteristics, specific flow patterns, presence of fluids with different densities, high risk of contamination both by salinization and by other pollutants, and highly modified by anthropic activity. Given this situation, numerical modeling becomes the most appropriate tool to determine the potential impact of global change on marine intrusion in this kind of aquifers. The mathematical models traditionally used in coastal aquifers have been those of flow and mass transport with variable density, which allow obtaining a distribution of salinities in the aquifer and reproducing the flow pattern in the area of discharge to the sea. In addition to these models, another type of numerical modeling can be applied that could also provide information on specific aspects of this type of aquifers. The study of the Motril-Salobreña coastal aquifer shows, for example, how heat transport models allow quantifying the recharge that occurs from rivers that frequently interact with coastal aquifers; as well as the age transport models provide data on the preferential groundwater circulation paths and its residence time, very relevant information in these frequently heterogeneous and anisotropic aquifers. Future challenges are directed towards determining the effects of sea level rise on marine intrusion and establishing the degree of equilibrium of the freshwater-saltwater contact with the current situation.
Mechanical interaction between the Río de La Plata and the coastal aquifer system in the Northeast of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Cuello Julián Eduardo , Guarracino Luis , Alcaraz Mar , Vives Luis , Carrera Jesús
Published: May 2022

In this work the tidal-induced method is applied with the goal of analyzing the mechanical interaction between the Río de La Plata and the Puelche and Paraná coastal aquifers in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. From this analysis, the hydraulic diffusivities and conductivities of the aforementioned aquifers were estimated. Applying a non-invasive technique that uses a natural signal instead of traditional pumping tests is key due the high levels of pollution of the surface waters in the study region. The amplitude and the phase-shift of the main components observed in the signals are used to estimate the hydraulic diffusivity by using van der Kamp (1972) solution for confined aquifers. Using different tidal components allows to obtain additional information about the heterogeneities of the aquifer. The results suggest that the Paraná aquifer presents an increase in the hydraulic diffusivity with the distance from the coast, while the Puelche aquifer is more homogeneous. Hydraulic conductivity values can be calculated from the elastic parameters of the formations. To obtain average conductivity values, a weighted average of the estimates obtained for each frequency was carried out. The hydraulic conductivity value corresponding to the Puelche aquifer is within the range of values obtained through pumping tests, while the estimate corresponding to the Paraná aquifer constitutes a contribution to the hydrogeological knowledge of the region since this aquifer has been little studied.
Glaucoma: Biological Mechanism and its Clinical Translation
Authors: Durán-Cristiano Sandra C.
Published: May 2022

Glaucoma is a common cause of visual loss and irreversible blindness,
affecting visual and life quality. Various mechanisms are involved in retinal ganglion cell
(RGC) apoptosis and functional and structural loss in the visual system. The prevalence
of glaucoma has increased in several countries. However, its early diagnosis has
contributed to prompt attention. Molecular and cellular biological mechanisms are
important for understanding the pathological process of glaucoma and new therapies.
Thus, this review discusses the factors involved in glaucoma, from basic science to
cellular and molecular events (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum
stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, the cholinergic system, and genetic and epigenetic
factors), which in recent years have been included in the development of new therapies,
management, and diagnosis of this disease.
Chitosan Modification-Enhanced Silencing Effect of Ad5-shPDGF-D
Vector in Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231
Authors: Ekentok-Atıcı Ceyda , Akbuğa Jülide
Published: May 2022

Background:

Gene therapeutics are being developed to treat metastatic breast tumors, which
are mostly resistant to conventional therapies. Targeting platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) is
a viable approach because it is known to play roles in angiogenesis and tumor growth. The success of
gene therapy is largely dependent on delivery vectors, but both viral and nonviral delivery vectors have
their disadvantages. Evolving hybrid vectors are being used to overcome those disadvantages.

Objectives:

In this study, we aimed to prepare a recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5)/chitosan hybrid
vector to deliver shPDGF-D in a breast cancer cell line by the noncovalent coating of the Ad5 surface
with chitosan, a natural polymer.

Methods:

The Ad5/chitosan hybrid vector was prepared by the noncovalent coating of the Ad5 surface
with different molecular weights (low and high) and different amounts of chitosan (12.5, 25, and 50
μg), and the effect of silencing PDGF-D was investigated in the MDA-MB-231 cell line.

Results:

In vitro characterization studies showed that the noncovalent chitosan coating increased the
size of the Ad5 particle and changed the surface charge from -16.53 mV to slightly neutral. In vitro cell
culture studies also showed that the addition of chitosan with both low (73.61%) and high (65.86%)
molecular weight increased the PDGF-D silencing efficiency of the Ad5 vector (42.44%) at 48 hours.
While low-molecular-weight chitosan had faster effects, high-molecular-weight chitosan provided a
more sustained effect in PDGF-D silencing.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that noncovalent chitosan modification may improve the therapeutic
effects of the Ad5 vector, offering the potential for further in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Halides
Authors: Anilkumar Gopinathan , Abdulla Afsina Cheriya Mukkolakkal , Philip Rose Mary , Saranya Padinjare Veetil
Published: May 2022

Palladium-catalyzed organic reactions are ubiquitous due to their high efficiency in
coupling reactions and have wide applications in synthetic chemistry. Their widespread use in
organic synthesis has been attributed to moderate conditions associated with reactions and tolerance
to different types of functional groups. Palladium-catalysts are extensively used in aminocarbonylation
of aryl halides for the synthesis of amides and have found a wide variety of
applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, petrochemicals, materials, polymers, etc. In this
review, we summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of amides via palladium-catalyzed
aminocarbonylation of aryl halides, and cover literature from 2010 to 2021
A Rare Case of Drug-induced Erectile Dysfunction with Adalimumab and
Certolizumab Solved after Switch to Ustekinumab in a Crohn's Disease
Patient
Authors: Hidalgo-Rios Samuel , Alonso-Moreno Marta , Iserte Jaime Torelló , Herrera-Justiniano Jose Manuel
Published: May 2022

Background:

Crohn Disease (CD) is an intestinal inflammatory condition characterized
by a complex pathogenesis, with elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. Adalimumab and certolizumab
are two biologic drugs inhibiting TNF-α.

Objective:

We report the first case of a probable relationship, according to Naranjo causality assessment
score, between two consecutive treatments with TNF-α inhibitors and induced erectile
dysfunction (ED), that disappeared after switching to another biologic drug (ustekinumab).

Case Presentation:

This case report describes a possible and important association of two TNF-α
inhibitors (certolizumab and adalimumab) and ED in a male patient with CD, with resolution after
switching to Ustekinumab (anti-interleukin 12 and 23 biologic drug). A 65 years old man experienced
erectile dysfunction during treatment with an anti-TNF. The adverse effect disappeared after
discontinuation of the drug. All necessary urologic exams were carried out. Adalimumab was replaced
by certolizumab and sexual disfunction symptoms appeared again, improving typically at
the end of treatment periods and getting worse with each new dose.

Results:

Switching to ustekinumab lead to a resolution of the erectile dysfunction.

Conclusion:

We describe for the first time a sexual dysfunction possibly due to two similar anti
TNF drugs and its resolution after the switch to another similar but different drug, highlighting the
potential difference between biologic drugs.
Quantitative Determination of Pitavastatin in Tablets Using FTIR and
RP-HPLC Analysis: A Comparative Study
Authors: AlKadi Hourieh , Alzier Ali , Mando Huda , Mando Zaynab , Darwicha Jamal Abdul Naser , Allaf Abdul Wahab
Published: May 2022

Background:

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and reverse phase highperformance
liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC analysis have been used for the quantitative determination
of local l commercially available Pitavastatin products.

Methods:

The FTIR method of analysis is not widely used in pharmaceutical quality control laboratories.
This technique is non-destructive, reliable, precise, and efficient, and the samples can be prepared
easily. These features emphasized that the FTIR technique can be considered as a potential analytical
method for quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical laboratories.

Results:

It is strongly recommended that FTIR analytical method can be applied simultaneously with
RP-HPLC techniques for quality control purposes of drug analysis. Both methods of analysis have
shown comparable precision and good repeatability and reproducibility for analysis of Pitavastatin
which can be generalized for other pharmaceutical products.

Conclusion:

In addition, FTIR is not only used for the determination of vibrational modes and structure
in the fingerprint region, but it can be also generally applied in quantitative analysis for many
pharmaceutical products.
Mucormycosis in India: Pathophysiology and Perspectives on Treatment
and Management
Authors: Gupta Utsav , Paliwal Deepika , Rawat Samridhi
Published: May 2022

Mucormycosis, also known as "black fungus," is a potentially fatal disorder that causes
blurred or double vision, chest pain, and breathing problems. The introduction of novel risk factors and
causative agents, as well as the problems with controlling the disease, are all significant problems with
mucormycosis in India. It is most common among COVID-19 patients. Mucormycosis is an invasive
fungal disease that primarily affects immunosuppressant patients, mainly caused by mold fungi of the
genus mucor, rhizopus, rhizomucor, and absidia, which are in the zygomycetes class and the Mucorales
order. The most common risk factor is diabetes mellitus, followed by haematological malignancy
and solid-organ transplantation. Reversal of underlying predisposing factors, surgical debridement
of infected tissues, and proper antifungal therapy are all required for the treatment of mucormycosis.
In this review, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and symptoms of black fungus and its
association with covid-19, treatment, and diagnosis are discussed.
Electro-Chlorination Technology for Disinfection of Drinking Water: A
Patent Landscape
Authors: Shinde Sapna R. , Apte Sayali , Tiwari Amit Kumar
Published: May 2022

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2015, which are defined to achieve an improved and more sustainable future, promote safe and affordable drinking water facilities for all, till
2030. The rural and remotely placed population worldwide faces the problem of a shortage of pathogen-free drinking water due to the huge capital and maintenance costs involved in water purification. The current chemical disinfection treatment which is widely used for water disinfection has
several disadvantages including the formation of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs). Electrochlorination is one of the best alternatives as per the literature that can be installed as a decentralized
system in a remote location and can overcome most of the issues related to chemical disinfection.
The present paper provides an overview of the innovations in the area of electro-chlorination as a
disinfection technique through a detailed patent analysis. The patenting activity and publications are
considered an indicator of research and innovation in the field. The patent analysis is also supported
by literature analysis for understanding the research trends and the extent of research in the area.
The patent data from the year 2000 to 2021 are analyzed country-wise and year-wise. The paper also
discusses the IPC, CPC codes, assignees, investors, US class codes, patents types, and citations
analysis for the patents in the field of electro-chlorination and DBPs. The keywords used for patent
analysis are ‘Electro- chlorination’ and ‘Water’ and ‘Disinfection’ and ‘Disinfection by Products’.
Antihypertrophic Effect of Menthol from Mentha x Piperita Concerning
Cardiac Hypertrophy: A Review
Authors: Doss Victor Arokia , Nagarajan Anitha
Published: May 2022

Background:

The abnormal enlargement or thickening of the heart muscle leads to diminishment of ventricular wall tension which helps to keep up the outstanding task at hand in terms of capacity and effectiveness. There are two kinds of hypertrophy: physiological and pathological. Initially, what evolves as an adaptive reaction, advances to heart failure. Different cellular signaling pathways control each type of hypertrophy. Peppermint - Mentha x piperita, a hybrid of Mentha spicata and Mentha aquatica belongs to the family of Lamiaceae. The peppermint oil has high menthol content and has many useful targets in cardiovascular disorders, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc.,

Objective:

The objective of this review article is to investigate the antihypertrophic activity of Mentha x piperita which is not yet established

Methods:

For manuscript preparation, we had used all accessible international databases, traditional books (Regular books in English), and electronic resources (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, etc.,), unpublished data (thesis, R&D reports, and dissertations).

Results:

Menthol may activate Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRMP8) channels resulting in increased cytosolic calcium concentration and vasorelaxation activity. Menthol is known to stimulate the elevation of TRPM8 protein in the endothelium, Vascular Smooth Muscle (VSM), and vascular afferent nerve strands, while obstructing VSM L-type Calcium Channels (LCC), contributing to both the cardiovascular and vasoactive properties of peppermint. In vivo experiments proved that glucagon plays a significant role in the preventive effect of menthol (as TRPM8 modulator) against a high-fat diet (HFD) induced weight gain and related complications.

Conclusion:

Due to the efficacy of Menthol (Mentha x piperita) in its cardioprotective properties, understanding the actual mechanisms related to the efficacy of Menthol on CVD can be the subject of future studies.
Graphene Composite Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Fisher David
Published: May 2022

Graphene supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrical double-layer capacitors, have increasingly begun to rival conventional batteries. They allow to manipulate the nanoscale structure of carbon-based supercapacitors and offer the additional advantage of sequestering increasing amounts of carbon from the environment, thus helping to limit global warming. The book focuses on the choice of electrode materials, their properties and methods of fabrication. It references 494 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.
Application of grand techno-economic strategy based on linear programming in the textile industry
Authors: Harianto Raden Achmad , Sari Pratiwi Nila
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this paper is to review of the evolution of management science, overview of grand strategy and its linkage with the techno – economic as a tactics to trigger  productivity to win global competition.  A review of the relevant literature was conducted and a connection between management science, grand strategy and techno – economic based on the linear programming can be applied in the textile industry.  It was found that the industrial world in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on the market which is increasingly shrinking and is plagued by a quite severe sluggishness. Simultaneously the labor productivity is getting weaker. This is what is known as the negative impact of the global financial crisis. Will the Indonesian nation be able to maintain the momentum of economic growth amidst the tsunami waves of the global financial crisis? A grand strategy that combines the roles of technology and economy (techno-economic) strategy based on linear programming needs to be implemented immediately. The success of the techno economic strategy cannot be separated from the role of three pillars, namely mastery of technology, productivity and competitiveness.
RASIONALISASI PENGADILAN AGRARIA DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA AGRARIA BERKEADILAN
Authors: Koeswahyono Imam , Maharani Diah
Published: May 2022

The realization of justice in the land sector is a constitutional mandate as stated in article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia. However, until now there have been many violations and agrarian conflicts that have occurred which is said to be extraordinary because in them there are structural conflicts and are related to the economic capabilities of certain groups. In order to realize a fair judicial mechanism in overcoming agrarian conflicts, a special institution is needed. This research initiats the Agrarian Court as a special court that has the authority to examine, hear, and decide on agrarian conflicts. The establishment of the Agrarian Court is solely aimed at realizing justice, legal certainty, and benefits in resolving agrarian conflicts and as an independent law enforcement institution. The method used in this study is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach.
PENGEMBANGAN E-LKPD BERBASIS ANDROID DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Fitriyah Ika Melina Nur , Ghofur Muhammad Abdul
Published: May 2022

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peningkatan berpikir kritis peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL. Model problem based learrning digunakan untuk merangsang berpikir kritis dalam situasi berorientasi berbasis masalah. Model pengembangan penelitian ini adalah model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Development, Disseminate).  Desain penelitian menggunakan pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 36 peserta didik di SMA Negeri 1 Bangil. Hasil penelitian yaitu bahwa pada kelas ekperimen dengan penerapan model problem based learning mengalami kenaikan, dengan hasil uji gain score bahwa pada kelas ekperimen dalam kriteria sedang. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol juga mengalami kenaikan dalam berpikir kritis, dengan hasil uji gain score dalam kriteria rendah. Hasil respons siswa terhadap penggunaan E-LKPD ini dengan kriteria sangat baik.  E-LKPD berbasis android diharapkan dapat mendorong siswa dalam memotivasi semangat dalam belajar.Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the increase in thinking critical of students by using the PBL learning model. The model is problem based learning used to stimulate critical thinking in problem-based oriented situations. The development model of this research is a 4D development model (Define, Design, Development, Disseminate). The research design used a pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were 36 students at SMA Negeri 1 Bangil. The result of the research is that the experimental class with the application of the model problem based learning has increased, with the test results gain score that the experimental class has moderate criteria. while the control class also experienced an increase in critical thinking, with the test results gain score in low criteria. The results of student responses to the use of E-LKPD with very good criteria. based E-LKPD is Android expected to encourage students to motivate enthusiasm in learning.
Level kemampuan metakognitif siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika berdasarkan gaya kognitif
Authors: Zakiah Nur Eva
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan level kemampuan metakognitif siswa berdasarkan gaya kognitif (Field Dependent or FD dan Field Independent or FI). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X (n = 33) salah satu SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Ciamis Provinsi Jawa Barat.  Selanjutnya subjek dikelompokkan berdasarkan kategori Kemampuan Awal Matematis (KAM) (tinggi, sedang, dan rendah). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes untuk menentukan level kemampuan metakognitif siswa dan Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) untuk mengklasifikasikan gaya kognitif siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) level kemampuan metakognitif siswa dengan KAM tinggi untuk gaya belajar FD dan FI adalah reflective use; (2) level kemampuan metakognitif siswa dengan KAM sedang dengan gaya kognitif FD adalah strategic use, sedangkan FI adalah reflective use; dan (3) level kemampuan metakognitif siswa dengan KAM rendah dengan gaya kognitif FD adalah aware use, sedangkan FI adalah strategic use. The level of students' metacognitive ability in learning mathematics based on cognitive stylesAbstractThe research objective was to describe the level of students’ metacognitive ability based on cognitive style (Field Dependent or FD and Field Independent or FI). The research subjects were tenth-grade students (n = 33) at a public senior high school in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. Furthermore, the subjects were grouped based on the Initial Mathematical Ability (IMA) category (high, medium, and low). This research was a descriptive study using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data collection used a test to determine the level of students’ metacognitive ability and the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) to classify students’ cognitive styles. The results showed that: (1) the level of students’ metacognitive ability with high category of IMA for the cognitive style of FD and FI was reflective use; (2) the level of students’ metacognitive ability with medium category of IMA for the cognitive style of FD was strategic use, while FI was reflective use; and (3) the level of students’ metacognitive ability with low category of IMA for the cognitive style of FD was aware use, while FI was strategic use.
Development of trigonometry learning kit with a STEM approach to improve problem solving skills and learning achievement
Authors: Arivina Aulia Nur , Jailani Jailani
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to produce the trigonometry learning kit for tenth-grade high school students using the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach properly. This study was development research using the ADDIE model, which consisted of five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. This study's subjects were tenth-grade high school students (n = 32) in Semarang, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and tests. To assess the learning kit's validity, we used a questionnaire with the expert (mathematics education lecturers) as data sources. To assess the learning kit's practicality, we used the questionnaire (with teacher and student as data sources) and observation sheets. We used a test to assess the learning kit's effectiveness in terms of problem-solving skills and learning achievement. This development resulted in the trigonometry learning kit in the form of lesson plans or Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) and worksheets or Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) using the STEM approach properly (meet the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective). The learning kit characteristics were: facilitating problem-solving skills and learning achievement, using problems related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, and organizing based on the Engineering Design Process (EDP) steps.
Control of vibriosis in shrimp through the management of the microbiota and the immune system
Authors: Ramírez Mery , Debut Alexis
Published: May 2022

Shrimp aquaculture is constantly threatened by recurrent outbreaks of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most aggressive vibriosis reported to date in the shrimp industry. AHPND provokes massive mortalities, causing economic losses with strong social impacts. Control of vibriosis requires the application of multifactorial strategies. This includes vibrio exclusion, shrimp microbiota, particularly in the digestive tract, and shrimp health management through immune stimulation. This paper reviews these two strategies for the prophylactic control of vibriosis. First, we describe the devastating effects of AHPND and the cellular and humoral effectors of the shrimp immune system to cope with this pathology. Secondly, the mechanisms of action of probiotics and their positive impacts are highlighted, including their immunostimulant effects and their role in the balance of the shrimp microbiota. Finally, we reviewed immunostimulants and prebiotics polysaccharides that together with probiotics act benefiting growth, feed efficiency and the microbiota of the digestive tract of farmed shrimp.
Changes in Resilience Following Engagement With a Virtual Mental Health System: Real-world Observational Study
Authors: Graziani Grant , Aylward Brandon S , Kunkle Sarah , Shih Emily
Published: May 2022

Background

Digital health services can serve as scalable solutions to address the growing demand for mental health care. However, more research is needed to better understand the association between engagement with care and improvements in subclinical outcomes.

Objective

This study aims to fill this research gap by examining the relationship between members’ engagement with the Ginger platform and changes in their psychological resilience.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study of 3272 members who accessed Ginger, an on-demand mental health service, between January 2021 and November 2021. Each member completed the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale questionnaire, a measure of psychological resilience, at baseline and again during a 6- to 16-week follow-up window. Depression and anxiety symptoms (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder) were also measured. Linear regression was used to identify the association between engagement with Ginger’s multiple care modalities and changes in resilience. Moderator analysis was conducted to test whether clinical depression or anxiety at baseline moderated the relationship between engagement level and changes in resilience.

Results

Of the 3272 members, 2683 (82%) reported low resilience at baseline. The mean change in resilience was 0.77 (SD 5.50) points. Linear regression models showed that age and census region did not predict changes in resilience; however, male members showed larger improvements (coefficient=0.58; P=.04). Baseline mental health outcomes, including resilience and depression and anxiety symptoms, were strong predictors of changes in resilience. Every point decrease in baseline resilience is associated with a 0.28-point increase in change in resilience (P<.001), and members with no or mild depression and anxiety at baseline saw changes in resilience that were 1.44 points (P<.001) larger than their clinical counterparts. Engagement with the Ginger system predicted changes in resilience. Members who engaged with Ginger coaching, clinical services, or both improved their resilience by 1.82, 1.55, and 1.40 points, respectively (P<.001), more than those who only engaged with Ginger content. Screening negative for moderate to severe depression and anxiety at baseline was associated with larger improvements in resilience (coefficient=1.30; P<.001); however, subclinical status was not shown to be a moderator for the association between level of engagement and changes in resilience.

Conclusions

Engagement with Ginger services was associated with improvements in resilience. Members who engaged in coaching or clinical care had significantly larger improvements compared with those who only engaged in self-guided content, regardless of whether a member screened positive for clinical depression or anxiety at baseline.
Supporting People Who Have Lost a Close Person by Bereavement or Separation: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two French-Language Internet-Based Interventions
Authors: Debrot Anik , Kheyar Maya , Efinger Liliane , Berthoud Laurent , Pomini Valentino
Published: May 2022

Background

Internet-based interventions (IBIs) are as efficient as face-to-face psychotherapy for a variety of mental health disorders, including complicated grief. Most evidence stems from guided IBIs. However, recent research indicates that the benefit of guidance is lower in more interactive IBIs. As such, providing guidance only to people requiring it (guidance on demand) appears a cost-effective solution. This is particularly important to develop given the recent rise in grief symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents the protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and adherence rate of 2 IBIs for grief-related symptoms after the loss a close one following death or romantic separation, using a guidance on demand framework. LIVIA 2.0 was developed based on theoretical and empirical findings on grief processes and IBIs, and it will be compared to LIVIA 1 that has already demonstrated its efficacy.

Objective

Our main hypotheses are that LIVIA 1 (control condition) and LIVIA 2.0 (experimental condition) increase participants’ well-being and decrease their distress at posttest and at follow-up, that LIVIA 2.0 is more efficient than LIVIA 1 for all outcomes, and that LIVIA 2.0 has less dropouts than LIVIA 1.

Methods

Outcomes will be assessed at pretest, posttest (12 weeks later), and follow-up (24 weeks later). We will recruit 234 participants through a variety of means, including social media and contacts with the press. Primary outcomes are grief symptoms, depressive symptoms, and eudemonic well-being. Secondary outcomes are anxiety symptoms, grief coping strategies, aspects related to self-identity reorganization, and program satisfaction. LIVIA 2.0 participants will additionally undergo a weekly mood and grief symptom monitoring, allowing us to explore the short-term efficacy of the sessions.

Results

The creation and development of the content of LIVIA 2.0 was completed during the first phase of the project. Participant recruitment will begin in May 2022 and will last until January 2023.

Conclusions

This study will emphasize the relevance of the innovations included in LIVIA 2.0 regarding the efficacy and dropout rate of IBIs for grief symptoms and will allow investigations on how these changes impact the demand for guidance. In the current postpandemic times, developing and assessing IBIs targeting grief symptoms are particularly critical given the rise in grief-related symptoms.

Trial Registration

clinicaltrials.gov NCT05219760; https://tinyurl.com/3dzztjts

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/39026
Fructose: role in the formation of intestinal symptoms
Authors: Silivontchik N.N.
Published: May 2022

Fructose is a simple sugar that is present in fruit and honey, but is also a major component in the two most commonly used sweeteners, sucrose (table sugar), and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Intake of fructose has increased markedly over the last several hundred years, and currently the intake of added sugars approaches 15 percent of overall energy intake in the average western diet. The prevalence of fructose malabsorption is relatively high in healthy adults (~34%) and is even greater in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Symptoms following fructose ingestion, or fructose intolerance, are common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Due to the paucity of targeted therapy for IBS, many patients turn to dietary modifications for symptom management. In recent years the low-FODMAPs diet for treatment of IBS has gained increasing popularity. The acronym FODMAP stands for “fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol” and includes foods with fructose in excess of glucose, oligosaccharides including fructans, galacto-oligosaccharide and sugar polyols such as sorbitol and mannitol and lactose. The composition of FODMAPs diets and their mechanisms of action in IBS have been intensively studied in the past decade, but since this link is not specific to fructose. Dietary FODMAP might exacerbate intestinal symptoms by increasing small intestinal water volume, colonic gas production, and intestinal motility. Dietary FODMAPs restriction is associated with reduced fermentation and significant symptom improvement in some IBS patients.
Cephalometry Variation of Bataknese
Authors: Lumban Gaol Maria Natalina
Published: May 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan penduduk yang terdiri dari berbagai macam etnis dan suku bangsa, salah satu suku bangsa terbesar di Indonesia adalah suku Batak. Suku Batak terbagi menjadi beberapa subsuku, dengan subsuku terbesar yaitu Batak Toba, Batak Karo, dan Batak Simalungun. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis variasi kefalometri pada suku Batak. Adanya peningkatan jumlah populasi dari suku bangsa di berbagai wilayah, diikuti dengan meningkatnya aktivitas lalu lintas dan kuantitas tindak kejahatan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan peluang terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas dan korban kejahatan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi kefalometri dan indeks kefalometri pada masyarakat suku Batak yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pengungkapan identitas korban kejahatan maupun kecelakaan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini melibatkan 60 subjek suku Batak yang terdiri dari 20 orang subsuku Batak Toba, 20 orang subsuku Batak Karo, dan 20 orang subsuku Batak Simalungun. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan tahapan pengajuan kelayakan etik (ethical clearance), pendataan subjek, pengukuran subjek, perhitungan indeks kefalometri, dan analisis data. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa subsuku Batak Toba, Karo, dan Simalungun memiliki tipe kepala brachycephalic, tipe dahi lebar, dan tipe hidung platyrrhine. Adapun pada subsuku Batak Toba dan Karo diketahui memiliki tipe wajah leptoprosopic sedangkan pada subsuku Batak Simalungun memiliki tipe wajah mesoprosopic. Pada penelitian ini juga diketahui bahwa antara subsuku Batak Toba dengan Batak Karo tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada seluruh data ukuran tubuh dan kefalometri, namun antara subsuku Batak Toba dengan Batak Simalungun terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada lebar minimum frontal, lebar hidung, dan frontoparietal index, sedangkan antara subsuku Batak Simalungun dengan Batak Karo terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada lebar minimum frontal dan lebar wajah.
Reproductive Toxicity Study of Hairy Fig (Ficus hispida L.f.) Fruits on Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)
Authors: Fitria Laksmindra , Handayani Lisa , Na'ilah Lina Noor
Published: May 2022

Penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa luwingan aman dikonsumsi atau no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL). Tidak ada hewan yang mati setelah pencekokan filtrat buah muda (FBLMU) maupun matang (FBMLA), serta tidak ada tanda-tanda ketoksikan yang mengarah pada efek subletal. Namun demikian, efek buah luwingan terhadap fisiologi reproduksi belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek toksik FBLMU dan FBLMA terhadap sistem reproduksi jantan menggunakan model tikus Wistar, dengan parameter: spermatogenesis, spermatozoa, serta berat relatif/indeks testis dan kelenjar kelamin aksesoris. Prosedur mengacu pada OECD TG 421 dengan beberapa modifikasi berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Sembilan ekor tikus dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: FBLMU, FBLMA, dan kontrol/plasebo. Masing-masing filtrat atau akuades dicekok sebanyak 2 mL/ekor/hari selama 77 hari. Data dianalisis secara statistik berdasarkan one-way ANOVA (α=0,05). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa FBLMU meningkatkan nilai hampir semua parameter. FBLMA meningkatkan nilai beberapa parameter lainnya, namun menurunkan indeks spermatogenesis dan persentase spermatozoa dengan morfologi normal. Tikus Kontrol mengalami pertambahan berat badan dan massa lemak viseral paling banyak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsumsi FBLMU tidak menimbulkan efek negatif pada sistem reproduksi jantan tikus Wistar, bahkan meningkatkan kinerjanya. Sementara itu, konsumsi FBLMA harus diwaspadai dengan adanya temuan tersebut. Kedua filtrat dapat menekan penambahan berat badan dan mengurangi timbunan lemak, meskipun tidak signifikan, menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antiobesitas. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait potensi buah luwingan terhadap profil reproduksi dan antiobesitas.
FEEDBACK OF THE SESSION ON PROFESSIONALISM AND ETHICS USING VARIOUS TEACHING METHODS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: ARUNNAIR VIJAYAMATHY , S VELARUL , S BHUVANESHWARI , MS UMAMAGESWARI , VINOTHA AT SATHIYA
Published: May 2022

Objectives: This study aims to assess the feedback of the session on professionalism and ethics using various teaching-learning (TL) methods among the 1st year undergraduate medical students.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among one hundred and twenty-four 1st year undergraduate medical students (2019–2020 batch) divided into three batches. They attended a 3 h session each day on professionalism and ethics module one using various TL methods such as an interactive lecture, a role play, and group discussion for 3 consecutive days. At the end of the session, the students filled out a self-administered questionnaire in a “Likert scale” design carrying a minimum score of 1 (1=strongly disagree) and a maximum score of 5 (5=strongly agree). Feedback was obtained to assess the quality of teaching and effectiveness of teaching methodologies. Descriptive statistics were used and the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.
Results: Overall 93% of the students gave positive feedback on various domains of the session that included organization, presentation, rapport, credibility, and control. About 83% of students responded that various methods of teaching such as interactive lectures and role play were used.
Conclusion: The majority of the students showed positive acceptance toward all aspects of this session. Active feedback given by the students may help us to identify the components that need to be upgraded for better delivery of course contents in the future.
EXPLORING LIPID-BASED DRUG DELIVERY IN CANCER THERAPY VIA LIPOSOMAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: RODRIQUES PAUL , THACKER KRUPALI , BHUPENDRA G PRAJAPATI
Published: May 2022

In many countries across the world, cancer is a leading cause of death. Cancer is the biggest cause of death worldwide, with approximately 10 million fatalities expected in 2020, accounting for nearly one in every six deaths. Mutations in ~300 human genes can unleash cell division, potentially leading to cancer. The effectiveness of existing conventional therapies for a number of cancers is, however, inefficient in terms of safety and efficacy. Medication systems based on lipid can be configured to treat tumors passively with increasing safety by reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy by target drug delivery. Lipid-based drug dosage form is the new identified technological design to overcome problems such as water-soluble solubility and bioavailability. A wide range of product specifications determined by indication of disease, route of administration, price evaluation, safety, toxicity, and efficiency could be customized to lipid formulations. This analysis explores the current state of lipid drug delivery studies, including the production of cancer liposomes, different cancer-focused strategies, and liposomal formulation of numerous anti-cancer drugs.
MALIGNANT PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION – A CASE REPORT
Authors: M MEENAKSHI , A JULIE CHRISTY
Published: May 2022

Persistent pulmonary hypertension is a phenomenon with 2 in 1,000 live births. Persistent pulmonary hypertension involves defective lung parenchymal development, heart valvular defects, or may also be syndromic. It can also be idiopathic. The most common factor is improper clamping of the umbilical cord on parturition. This case report discusses the condition of a male neonate with severe tachypnea and hypoxia due to PPTH at birth. A male neonate born to anon consanguineous parents on the day of birth presented with severe tachypnea. It was normal vaginal delivery conducted in the ambulance. There was a delay in clamping the umbilical cord, it was clamped with an elastic rope. The neonate and the mother were rushed to the obstetric ward within the time duration of 20 min. The neonate presented with hypoxia, hypocalcemia, and severe tachypnea. The neonate was shifted to the intensive care unit and was supported with high flow oxygen 2 L/min. 2D echo was performed; there was no significant anomaly noted except tricuspid valvular regurgitation. The pulmonary pressure was recorded to be 76 mm/hg which gradually reduced to 26 mm/ hg on the 6th day after birth. Improper or impaired fall in pulmonary vasculature resistance that occurs after birth and increase of systemic vascular resistance is due to the removal of the placenta from circulation. Increased pulmonary vasculature with decreased or reversal of shut at the foramen ovale or ductus arteriosus leads to PPHTN. Proper clamping of the umbilical cord within 60 s becomes crucial. Delayed or improper clamping can lead to severe PPHTN.
CYTOLOGICAL, HPV GENOME, AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF CERVICAL SMEARS IN FEMALES 30 YEARS AND ABOVE
Authors: SINGAL POONAM , KUMAR NINDER , KUNDAL DEEPAM , SINGH KARANBIR , KUMAR RAMESH , KAUR MANPREET
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the patterns of cervical smear cytology in relation to human papillomavirus (HPV) and to correlate with histopathological diagnosis in females of 30 years and above.
Methods: The 2-year prospective study was done in the Department of Pathology in 100 patients who attended the Gynaecology OPD of Govt. Medical College, Patiala. The cervical brushings obtained were subjected to cytological examination by liquid-based cytology through SurePath method and for HPV evaluation by BD Onclarity HPV assay. The cytological findings were further correlated with histopathological examination.
Results: Majority of the females were in the age group of 30−45 years (62%). There was high incidence of dysplasia and malignancy in those who were of parity 3, 4, and above. The most common presenting symptom was discharge per vaginum (DPV) seen in 28% of cases. Maximum cases on cytology were diagnosed as NILM (including inflammatory pathology, 49%) followed by LSIL as 14% and malignant as 13%. Overall HPV genome was detected in 54% of the samples, the cases diagnosed as dysplasia and malignancy showed 68.42% and 100% presence of HPV, respectively. This was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Pap smear along with HPV evaluation is an effective screening method for the detection of pre-invasive lesions and cancers of cervix that are potentially curable.