bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological changes in the sciatic nerve in experimental modeling of contusion injury of the spinal cord in rats
Authors: Kubrak N. V. , Varsegova T. N. , Ryabykh S. O.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To analyze morphological and morphometric changes in the sciatic nerve of rats after the spinal cord injury.

Material and Methods. The Т9 moderately severe contusion injury of the spinal cord was simulated in 12 Wistar female rats. Functions of the pelvic limbs were assessed according to the standardized BBB scale. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment after nine and 13 weeks. Epoxy semi-thin (1 µm) sections were used to study sciatic nerve at the light-optical level.

Results. Significant recovery of pelvic limb functions was observed within four weeks after surgery, the plateau was achieved by Week 5 (9.5 ± 0.28 points according to the BBB scale), the deterioration in the motor activity was observed by Week 9 (8.67 ± 0.33), its recovery was achieved by Week 13 of the experiment (9.5 ± 0.87). After 9 and 13 weeks, reactive-destructive changes were detected in the sciatic nerve in 9 % and 8 % of nerve conductors, an increase in the number density of myelin fibers by 28 % and 27 % (p < 0.05) and myelin-free fibers by 20 % and 49 % (p < 0.05), and a decrease in axon diameters by 8 % and 10 % (p < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusions. The morphological and morphometric changes in the sciatic nerve revealed after the spinal cord injury in the form of destruction of a part of the fibers, axonal atrophy and a decrease in the proportion of large fibers negatively affect its conductive properties. The leveling of peripheral nerve damage, possibly, will accelerate the regression of the motor deficit caused by the spinal cord injury; therefore, it is necessary to develop a set of preventive measures aimed at preventing the reorganization of the peripheral nerve tissue.
Scheuermann’s disease surgery. Major problems: non-systematic literature review (part I).
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy M. V. , Lukinov V. L.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To perform multivariate comparison of two surgical strategies in the treatment of patients with severe Scheuermann’s disease.

Material and Methods. The search of sources (in Scopus and Web of Science databases) revealed  56 publications containing the required information. The literature data were analyzed in four directions: the results of one- and two-stage interventions are compared in terms of the magnitude of achieved correction and its preservation, the complication rate, the surgery duration and the volume of intraoperative blood loss, and the quality of life of patients in the postoperative period.

Results. The magnitude of the achieved correction of kyphotic deformity and postoperative loss of correction in patients after one- and two-stage operations are almost identical. Implant-associated complications are more often observed after one-stage operations, and purulent, neurological and other complications – after two-stage operations. Surgery duration and intraoperative blood loss volume are greater in two-stage operations. The quality of life assessed by various questionnaires is significantly improved, regardless of the type of surgery.

Conclusion. Two-stage surgical correction of Scheuermann’s kyphosis has no noticeable advantages over one-stage surgery, however, new studies with long (more than 15–18 years) postoperative follow-up are needed.
Smartphone-assisted augmented reality technology for preoperative planning in spine surgery
Authors: Kovalev E. V. , Kirilenko S. I. , Mazurenko A. N. , Filiustin A. E. , Dubrovsky V. V.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To present a virtual three-dimensional model of pathologically altered segments of the patient’s spine and to analyze the results of its application when planning a surgical intervention in the smartphone-assisted augmented reality.

Material and Methods. A three-dimensional modeling of the target area of the intended surgical site was performed based on computed tomography data of five patients with various spinal deformities. A smartphone application has been developed that allows displaying a three-dimensional object of the intended surgical site in the form of augmented reality.

Results. The created virtual three-dimensional models were successfully used in five cases for preoperative planning and simulation training before surgery, which allowed to see in detail the anatomical features of the spine, the location of vascular structures when contrasting them, and to plan the direction of the screws. The potential of using augmented reality in clinical practice was demonstrated.

Conclusion. The advantages of the smartphone-assisted augmented reality technology for preoperative planning in spine surgery are the simplicity of creating a computer model, the possibility for a surgeon to use a three-dimensional model for orientation in complex anatomical zone at any time of surgery, and the reduction in the risk of technical errors.
Haupt postromantyczny? O czterech prozach i dwóch wierszach
Authors: Niewiadomski Andrzej
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the relationship between Zygmunt Haupt’s prose and the romantic worldview, more precisely to the references to Juliusz Słowacki’s works clearly visible in Haupt’s prose. The issue, which has been previously pointed out by other researchers, required verification by means of close analysis of the specific kind of game that Haupt plays with Słowacki’s texts: Beniowski, Lilla Weneda, the poems Do pastereczki… (To a shepherdess…) and Patrz nad grotą… (Look, above the grotto…), and a fragment of Raptularz (Notebook). Seemingly simple references turn out to be part of a design of making a modern attempt at challenging the incommunicable by means of referring to both Słowacki’s text and his biography, together with an ambiguous, and suspended between repetition and ironic distance, attitude towards the romantic diagnoses of existence. Haupt’s prose, referring to many other traditions as well, presents a Mannerist creative design in which the romantic tradition plays a significant role, yet is not the only point of reference.
Czuła narracja: nowe oblicze literatury polskiej w oczach Chińczyków
Authors: Yinan Li
Published: September 2021

The article presents the dynamics, characteristics and the shifting paradigms of the reception of Polish literature in China from 2012 to 2020. The author analyses the reasons for the popularity of the most often translated and read Polish authors on the Chinese publishing market, with particular interest in Czesław Miłosz, Olga Tokarczuk and Andrzej Sapkowski. She also presents the translators – both experienced and often recognised and awarded doyens of Polish studies in China, and those from the intermediate and youngest generations to whom the oldest ones passed the knowledge, skills, passion and the sense of common mission of building cross-cultural dialogue through literature.
Literackie przekłady i formy prezentacji twórczości Olgi Tokarczuk w Chinach
Authors: Lan Wu
Published: September 2021

The article chronologically reconstructs the process of reception of Olga Tokarczuk’s prose in China with particular focus on the period after she received the Nobel Prize for Literature. The author invokes utterances of the translators, publishers and critics to demonstrate how Tokarczuk’s works fare on the Chinese book market in terms of marketing, in the context of sales results and their presence online, which elements of her writings are closest to the Chinese readers and why, what global literary and cultural discourses her work is assigned to and what challenges the Chinese translators are faced with when translating her prose.
Construction and application of the 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform
Authors: Liu Dunlong , He Lei , Wu Qian , Gao Yan , Liu Bin , Liu Shuang , Luo Han
Published: September 2021

As geo-hazard monitoring data increases in category and size, conventional geo-hazard information management systems, without a unified integration framework and visualized data display, are unable to satisfy the urgent needs of geo-hazard information management. Representational State Transfer (REST), a resource-centered service architecture, abstracts data and services into resources for unified Uniform Resource Identifier access, enabling it to take full advantage of HTTP with great flexibility and scalability. Based on the REST service architecture, this paper constructs a 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform with sound service compatibility and scalability by integrating geographical information, real-time monitoring data, and early warning models into the 3D Digital Earth framework. The platform displays topography, stratum lithology, and relevant information, as well as real-time monitoring data in a 3D visual, and provides early warning services for geo-hazards through access to real-time early warning models. As a result, it is capable of providing comprehensive information management, monitoring, and early warning of multiple geo-hazards, aiding decision-making in disaster prevention and mitigation, and enhancing the information level of geo-hazard prevention and mitigation work.
Fiber Length Distribution in Twin-Screw Extrusion of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Comparison between Shear and Extensional Mixing
Authors: Guo M. , Li X. , Maia J. M.
Published: September 2021

New extensional mixing elements (EME) for twin-screw extrusion were applied to compound glass fibers (GF), carbon fibers (CF) or polyethylene terephthalate fibers (PETF) reinforced polymer composites with polymer matrix of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the resulting fiber degradation upon processing was evaluated and compared with compounding via shear flow-dominated kneading blocks (KB). Composites structures were characterized in terms of fiber length and distribution, and cumulative length ratio, at five locations along the mixing zone. Although significant fiber breakage was achieved for both configurations, it was markedly lower in composites processed using the EME, because whereas the high shear stress kneading motion in the KB degrades fibers significantly, fiber breakup is significantly minimized by the alignment induced by the EME prior to flow in the high-stress regions.
Pulsed IR Heating of Thermoplastic Sheets for Thermoforming Applications
Authors: Buffel B. , Leeman K. , Desplentere F.
Published: September 2021

This study presents the pulsed heating strategy as an advancement of the current state of the art in industry towards the theoretically fastest method of heating a thermoplastic sheet. Experimental temperature measurements are combined with an explicit finite difference numerical model to describe the pulsed heating method and indicate its added value in IR heating of thermoplastic sheets. Different process settings are evaluated and indicate the effect of the applied heat flux and the time interval tOFFduring pulsed heating. When switched off, the residual heating of the heater elements is able to partially compensate for the convective heat losses at the surface of the sheet. This results in a more uniform temperature distribution through thickness without slowing down the overall heating process. The study shows that this effect is lost when the time interval in which the heater element is switched off, increases. Applying pulsed heating opens up a large processing window to control the through-thickness temperature difference. When the total amount of applied thermal energy is taken into account, pulsed heating is able to increase the overall heating rate and simultaneously keep the temperature difference through thickness limited.
Model Approach for Displaying Dynamic Filament Displacement during Impregnation of Continuous Fibres Based on the Theory of Similarity – Theory and Modelling
Authors: Schulte-Hubbert F. , Drummer D. , Hoffmann L.
Published: September 2021

The underlying process for the production of textile reinforced thermoplastics is the impregnation of dry textile reinforcements with a thermoplastic matrix. The process parameters such as temperature, time and pressure of the impregnation are mainly determined by the permeability of the reinforcement. This results from a complex interaction of hydrodynamic compaction and relaxation behavior caused by textile and process parameters. The foundation for the description and optimization of impregnation progresses is therefore the determination of the pressure-dependent permeability of fibre textiles. Previous experimental investigations have shown that the dynamic compaction behavior during the impregnation of fibre reinforcements with thermoplastics or thermosets can be successfully characterized. However, for most cases, an analytical representation has not been possible due to the complexity of the process. Although it may be possible to reproduce this behavior by numerical calculations, the results need to be confirmed by experiments. This paper lays the analytical foundation for building a scaled model system, based on the theory of similarity, to observe, measure, and evaluate the dynamic compaction behavior of textile reinforcements under controlled process conditions.
Synergistic Effect between Modified Graphene Oxide and Ammonium Polyphosphate on Combustion Performance, Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid
Authors: Pang X.-Y. , Meng Y.-F. , Xin Y.-P. , Chang R. , Xu J.-Z.
Published: September 2021

To improve the thermal stability, ZF-GO (graphene oxide (GO) modified by zinc ferrite (ZF)) is prepared. In view of the anti-dripping function of ZF-GO and flame retardant effect of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), the influence of ZF-GO, APP, mixture of ZF-GO and APP on combustion performance, thermal stability and mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) is investigated. Results show that the modification of GO by ZF significantly improves the residue of ZFGO by 34.7%. The char-forming capability and unique network structure of ZF-GO prevent the melt dripping of PLA. Although APP can increase the limiting oxygen index of PLA, there is still melt dripping. The combination of ZF-GO and APP improves the residual yield of 94PLA/3ZF-GO/3APP by 4.3 times relative to pure PLA, and the UL-94 level reaches V-0. The two additives show synergistic char-forming effect, and there is both physical carbonization and chemical carbonization. The incorporated fillers can decrease the total heat release (THR) of PLA composites. Specifically, the THR and peak value of heat release rate of 94PLA/3ZF-GO/3APP decrease by 21.2% and 53.9%, respectively. For the PLA/ZF-GO/APP system, plenty of residues and the anti-dripping network structure are key factors to get good flame retardancy. Addition of ZFGO and APP reduces the tensile strength, but the tensile elongation of the modified PLA composites is improved. 94PLA/ 3ZF-GO/3APP shows good integrated performance.
Deterministic and random approximation by the combination of algebraic polynomials and trigonometric polynomials
Authors: Zhang Zhihua
Published: September 2021

Fourier approximation plays a key role in qualitative theory of deterministic and random differential equations. In this paper, we will develop a new approximation tool. For an

m

m

-order differentiable function

f

f

on [

0
,
1

0,1

], we will construct an

m

m

-degree algebraic polynomial

P

m

{P}_{m}

depending on values of

f

f

and its derivatives at ends of [

0
,
1

0,1

] such that the Fourier coefficients of

R

m

=
f
−

P

m

{R}_{m}=f-{P}_{m}

decay fast. Since the partial sum of Fourier series

R

m

{R}_{m}

is a trigonometric polynomial, we can reconstruct the function

f

f

well by the combination of a polynomial and a trigonometric polynomial. Moreover, we will extend these results to the case of random processes.
Mehrheitsfähige und wohlfahrtssteigernde Reformen des deutschen Steuer- und Transfersystems: Von Entzugsraten, Mittelstands- und Wohlstandsbäuchen
Authors: Peichl Andreas , Bierbrauer Felix , Sachs Dominik , Weishaar Daniel
Published: September 2021

Über die Ausgestaltung des deutschen Steuer- und Transfersystems wird im Zusammenhang mit der Bundestagswahl neuerlich kontrovers diskutiert. Die Autoren greifen zentrale Aspekte der öffentlichen Diskussion über die steuerliche Behandlung niedriger, mittlerer und hoher Einkommen auf und analysieren diese aus wohlfahrts- und politökonomischer Perspektive. In ihrer Analyse verbinden sie Methoden der quantitativen Finanzwissenschaft mit einem Mikrosimulationsmodell und beschreiben damit mögliche Reformrichtungen. Für den Bereich der hohen Einkommen stellt sich heraus, dass eine Erhöhung des Spitzensteuersatzes zwar möglich ist, dieser jedoch erst bei höheren Einkommensniveaus als im Status quo greifen sollte. Während die Autoren für den mittleren Einkommensbereich eine Abschaffung des sogenannten Mittelstandsbauchs aus Effizienzgesichtspunkten und politökonomischen Erwägungen skeptisch sehen, legen sie für den Bereich niedriger Einkommen dar, wie das Transfersystem effizienzsteigernd zu reformieren wäre.
Pharmacological blockade of neurokinin1 receptor restricts morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia in the rat
Authors: Rahban Mohammad , Danyali Samira , Zaringhalam Jalal , Manaheji Homa
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The most notable adverse side effects of chronic morphine administration include tolerance and hyperalgesia. This study investigated the involvement of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) protein kinase Cɛ (PKCɛ) expression during chronic morphine administration and also considered the relationship between DRG PKCɛ expression and the substance P- neurokinin1 receptor (SP- NK1R) activity.

Methods

Thirty-six animals were divided into six groups (n=6) in this study. In the morphine and sham groups, rats received 10 µg intrathecal (i.t.) morphine or saline for eight consecutive days, respectively. Behavioral tests were performed on days 1 and 8 before and after the first injections and then 48 h after the last injection (day 10). In the treatment groups, rats received NK1R antagonist (L-732,138, 25 µg) daily, either alone or 10 min before a morphine injection, Sham groups received DMSO alone or 10 min before a morphine injection. Animals were sacrificed on days 8 and 10, and DRG PKCɛ and SP expression were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques, respectively.

Results

Behavioral tests indicated that tolerance developed following eight days of chronic morphine injection. Hyperalgesia was induced 48 h after the last morphine injection. Expression of SP and PKCɛ in DRG significantly increased in rats that developed morphine tolerance on day 8 and hyperalgesia on day 10, respectively. NK1R antagonist (L-732,138) not only blocked the development of hyperalgesia and the increase of PKCɛ expression but also alleviated morphine tolerance.

Conclusions

Our results provide evidence that DRG PKCɛ and SP-NK1R most likely participated in the generation of morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. Pharmacological inhibition of SP-NK1R activity in the spinal cord suggests a role for NK1R and in restricting some side effects of chronic morphine. All experiments were performed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication No. 80-23, revised1996) and were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1396.130).
CASE STUDY: DESIGN VALUE MEASURING BY SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Authors: Šviráková Eva , Kramoliš Jan
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article is to show a way to measure the economic value of design using system dynamic modeling of key processes in an organization. The article fully accepts the complexity of the concept of design and opens up the possibility for employing system dynamics in design value measuring. The definition of design is given as an integral concept for which it is difficult to find a benchmark. The sequential explanatory method was chosen to solve the research problem. Qualitative data is collected first and it is recorded and examined. After that the data is transformed into numeric values and taken for quantitative evaluation in a system dynamic model. The connection of qualitative research data in a tool for quantitative evaluation allows an original interpretation of relationships that have been obtained and are collected only as qualitative data. Qualitative data collection is based on the visualization of a new definition of design: Design is an integration of functional, distribution, emotional and social experience of the customer. The questionnaire is in the form of Design Value Canvas and is used to determine the initial Design Value Algorithm (DVA) coefficient. As an external parameter, the DVA coefficient influences the development of the number of customers and their willingness to order the company’s products in the system dynamic model. The main result is the finding that an investment in design, which is confronted with customer preferences, fundamentally changes the economic parameters of business. Economic benefits of a design change in a company are always influenced by a strategic decision made by the entrepreneur who has to know the behaviour of their customers and to correctly choose the field of design in which it pays to invest.
AN EXPLANATORY MODEL OF THE ECOTOURISTS BEHAVIOUR: MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR TOURISM SECTOR
Authors: Lorenzo-Romero Carlota , Alarcón-del-Amo María-del-Carmen , Crespo-Jareño José Alberto
Published: September 2021

Concern for the environment, which is of interest to academia, the business world and society in general, has meant the development of green marketing in the last half century. Environment can influence consumer behaviour and specifically the way tourists consume. The promotion of ecotourism, through information and communication, must be based on the identification of the different behaviour models to which marketing strategies are directed, according to needs, motivations, interests, expectations, behaviours and attitudes. The main research goal of this study is to determine the internal and external factors that influence the consumer behaviours identified as ecotourists, as well as the factors that shape their purchasing intentions. The theory of planned behaviour has shown its usefulness because its object (i.e., intention to perform a behaviour, taking into account that in the intentions are the factors that motivate the behaviour), through attitudes and beliefs, is the prediction and understanding of the way individuals behave. A model that facilitates the understanding of the ecological behaviour of ecotourists has been developed, starting from the value-belief-norm model towards the environment, to which a construct related to the theory of planned behaviour has been incorporated, in order to better understand the behaviour of ecotourists. The method used to analyse the causal model has been the structural equation modelling, and the sample used amounts to 403 ecotourists within a country characterized by the importance of tourism sector in its economic growing: Spain. The main result obtained indicates that the proposed model is useful to know the ecological behaviour of ecotourists. Specifically, it has been facilitated the knowledge of the factors that affect the intention to do ecotourism and to pay more to consume this type of activities. It could be useful for professionals of tourism sector to analyse and improve their ecological marketing strategies.
The Meaning and Path of Reconstruction of Cultural Value in Rural Schools
Authors: Bao Hanwen , Li Maosen
Published: September 2021

In the process of new-type urbanization development, the gradual discard and ignorance of rural cultural characteristics within rural education eventually led to the loss of cultural value of rural schools. Meanwhile, rural schools play the critical role of carrying out the cultural transmission and innovative development, therefore, the reconstruction of the school value also contributing to the realization of cultural value, including the aspects such as the rejuvenation of social education function, the cultivation of cultural perceivers, and the inheritance of outstanding culture. On the basis of rationality carefully examined the meaning of rural school cultural value, it is suggested to revoke the consciousness of rural school culture, enhancing the sense of belonging of rural teachers, and the construction of rural-school cultural community, so as to promote the reconstruction of rural school cultural value.
Top Teachers’ Workshop
Authors: Yi Liangbin , Xu Wei
Published: September 2021

On the basis of improving teaching quality and enriching education mind, the rural workshop of Liangbin Yi in Hangzhou returns to the essence of teaching, truly promoting students’ development. This research topic is also the core of the teaching, scientific research, and management of the workshop. With the abundant teaching resources, the workshop conducted various teaching activities and exhibition activities, such as building the learning platform, holding the report sharing, summit forum, on-the-job training, and sending teachers to the countryside, through practical action research. It can also propel the curriculum reform, deepen the classroom teaching research, strengthen the unity of knowledge and action, improve teachers’ teaching theory and practical ability at the same time, and improve the evaluation system, which provided fully play to the guidance and demonstration of famous rural teacher workshop, and positively contributed to the rural teachers’ development.
Experiencing Life, Exploring Content, Broadening Forms: An Empirical Research on the Art Education of Life in Rural Kindergartens
Authors: Dan Tao
Published: September 2021

According to Xingzhi Tao, education should focus on life, life determines education, and then education remakes life, the role of education can only be played through life. Art comes from life, it is the way that children experience the world perceptually and also the other language to express their understanding of the world. However, with the development of Arts education, existing problems are gradually revealed. Based on the analysis of current Arts activities, the research was carried out on the following issues that children don’t have the effective experience before Art activities; the content of Art activities doesn’t conform to the children’s experience and life in the teaching process; the teaching form and materials are single and children lack interest problems, etc. By observing and experiencing life, the children can accumulate perceptual experience. By following the children’s experiences and life, we can explore the teaching content. By broadening the forms and materials of art activities, the children are glad to perform, which will improve children’s life observation and aesthetic ability, stimulate children’s creative interest being willing to create and performance, improve the ability of teachers’ observation, curriculum producing and teaching skills and it also explores the use of art teaching method and life-oriented materials in rural kindergartens.
The Status Quo and Promotion Strategy of Music Score Literacy of Junior School Students
Authors: Shan Senquan
Published: September 2021

Understanding the music score is a fundamental skill in Music learning. It used to be the training of basic skills in the music class before the curriculum reform. However, this skill was gradually marginalized in the initial stage of curriculum reform in that it is too difficult for students to have a delightful learning experience. Since the publication of Criterion for music Curriculum 2011, music score literacy has gained a foothold again. Its theory stage is higher than before. Owing to various causes, teaching this skill is still in a dilemma in practice. With the improvement of compulsory education quality, reading music score as a necessary music skill becomes a vital position again. However, current teaching conditions cannot meet this task. Therefore, this paper chose the music proficiency test of junior school students in an area to analyze the current condition of reading music score and develop the proper improving strategies.
El principio de capacidad contributiva con relación a la emergencia sanitaria COVID-19 en Ecuador, 2019-2020
Authors: Orellana Ulloa Milca Naara , Gutiérrez Jaramillo Néstor Daniel , Ramón Ruffner de Vega Jeri Gloria
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Analizar el principio de capacidad contributiva con relación a la emergencia sanitaria COVID–19. Método: La investigación se centró en el estudio documental, exploratorio y descriptivo. La información fue seleccionada a partir de la lectura crítica de documentos y materiales bibliográficos, así como información oficial y datos estadísticos de organismos nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: La emergencia sanitaria provocada por el COVID-19 ha tenido consecuencias tanto a nivel de salud, sociedad y economía, por lo que los gobiernos se encuentran aplicando diversas políticas buscando superar la crisis a las que se ven enfrentados. En Ecuador, en el primer cuatrimestre del año 2020, la recaudación tributaria fue menor en 534 millones de dólares con respecto al año 2019, siendo un gran desafío para el Estado generar recursos que le permita cubrir los gastos públicos que demanda la sociedad. Conclusión: El sistema tributario debe configurarse de modo que aquellos que tengan más capacidad económica de pago contribuyan en mayor medida en el sostenimiento de las cargas públicas a través de la priorización de los impuestos directos y progresivos.
Bases teóricas de la investigación cualitativa en ciencias contables
Authors: Alegre Brítez Miguel Ángel , Kwan Chung Chap Kau
Published: September 2021

El enfoque cualitativo en las investigaciones de las Ciencias Contables se fundamenta en un proceso de investigación que permite alcanzar resultados diferentes a los del método cuantitativo. El objetivo general de la investigación fue describir las principales características de las bases teóricas de la investigación cualitativa en Ciencias Contables. Se realizó un análisis documental de 20 artículos científicos de referentes en las Ciencias Contables sobre la investigación cualitativa. Los resultados fueron procesados con Atlas. Ti. y mostrados en forma narrativa y conceptual. Los principales resultados fueron: 1) Existen variadas posibilidades de poder llevar a cabo una investigación cualitativa y 2) El enfoque cualitativo de las investigaciones permite ser más abierto, resolver problemas que no se pudieron abordar con otro enfoque y cuestionar aspectos de la investigación cuantitativa. La principal conclusión fue: Los resultados de las investigaciones cualitativas permiten utilizarlas como herramienta complementaria a los estados financieros, por ser una manera diferente de entender el proceso contable.
Perú: Determinación de la brecha de recaudación potencial de los impuestos y arbitrios municipales, 2014-2021
Authors: Cayatopa Rivera Luis Enrique
Published: September 2021

Objetivos: Determinar las brechas sobre la recaudación potencial a largo plazo de cada tributo. Método: La investigación se abordó desde un enfoque cuantitativo, respecto al análisis de las series de tiempo de los impuestos y arbitrios municipales, desde enero 2014 hasta abril 2021. Complementariamente, se utilizó el filtro de Hodrick-Prescott. Resultados: En el periodo global de análisis, la diferencia entre la recaudación desestacionalizada y la recaudación potencial ―tendencia― fue de 1 237 millones de soles, con una contracción ―brecha de recaudación― total de los tributos analizados en 2020 de 24,9 millones de soles. En tanto, entre 2019 y 2020 la recaudación nominal absoluta de los tributos municipales se redujo en 984,9 millones de soles, sustentados con la contracción individual de los siguientes tributos: predial, arbitrios, alcabala, al patrimonio vehicular, a los juegos de máquinas tragamonedas y a espectáculos públicos (no deportivos) con 13,66%, 16,97%, 35,11%, 20,26%, 69,96% y 82,62%, respectivamente. Conclusión: Entre 2014 y abril de 2021 se presenta una tendencia alcista de largo plazo en la recaudación de los impuestos y arbitrios municipales, con contracciones cíclicas bajistas como la presentada en 2020 a efectos del coronavirus.
Functioning and oral interpretation of initialisms and acronyms in the French daily press
Authors: Oglu Ibrahim Ulfet Zakir
Published: September 2021

This article explores initialisms and acronyms taken from newspapers in the French press. In this article, using data from our study of abbreviated words, we attempt to answer the following questions: How can we shorten a word in French? What are the correct forms (means) of pronunciation of initialisms and acronyms? Can an initialism be considered as a separate (common) word? Before investigating the origin and function of various abbreviations in the French press, the preferred modality of each era, or even the basic rationales behind using such abbreviations, we define a term for abbreviated forms. It seems important to us to present our own definition and to illustrate in detail the problems of the subject. French uses four forms of abbreviated words to help create new words and build vocabulary. These four main forms of abbreviated words are: initials, acronyms, abbreviations, and truncations. At the same time, our goal in this article is to clarify the problem of pronunciation of initialisms and acronyms. To achieve our goal, we used a survey methodology conducted among people from different social groups and ages, in order to determine forms of oral speech and decipher abbreviations of the French daily press. Based on our research, we created a data table on the pronunciation of initialisms in French. The corpus elements and the survey conducted provide us with reliable data on the functioning, interpretation and decoding of abbreviated words in modern French. The survey results allow us to observe the fact that there are two main ways of using abbreviations in French: reading and spelling. Our analysis shows that the obligation to use reading to write an acronym depends, in part, on a number of formal conditions. One of these conditions is the syllable and phonetic structure of acronyms. In conclusion, based on the survey results, we describe the table and types of abbreviations in the corpus of our study.
Phraseological motifs for Distinguishing Between Literary Genres. A Case Study on the Motifs of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication
Authors: Novakova Iva
Published: September 2021

The present paper is based on the assumption that the language of the novel is characterized by a statistically relevant overrepresentation of certain linguistic units (e.g. lexemes, key words, collocations and colligations, Siepmann 2015). First steps towards checking the validity of this hypothesis had been undertaken in pioneering works in the 1990s/2000s (e.g. Stubbs & Barth 2003). These studies were however limited by the small size of their (exclusively English) corpora. The present study explores the role of some patterns (phraseological motifs) in distinguishing French literary subgenres. It also proposes a case study of some motifs related to the verbal (dire avec sourire ‘to say with a smile’) and non-verbal communication (adresser un sourire ‘to send a smile’). Unlike traditional corpus-stylistic analyses, which frequently focus on the style of a single author, our corpus-driven approach identifies lexico-syntactic constructions in literary genres which are automatically extracted from the corpora.The main purpose is to show the relevance of the notion of phraseological motif (Legallois 2012; Longrée & Mellet 2013; Novakova & Siepmann 2020) for the distinction of literary subgenres. Linking form and meaning, these ‘multidimensional units’ fulfil pragmatic as well as discursive functions.The data has been extracted from large French corpora of the PhraseoRom research project https://phraseorom.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr. They are accessible on http://phraseotext.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/phraseobase/index.html and contain 1000 novels (published from the 1950s to the present), partitioned into six sub-corpora: general literature (GEN), crime fiction (CRIM), romances (ROM), historical novels (HIST), science fiction (SF) and fantasy (FY).The results of our study reveal some unexpected differences between the literary subgenres: e.g. the motif dire d’une voix ‘to say in a voice’ in HIST compared to GEN. In FY, expressions of verbal communication are related to shouting and screaming. Expressions related to the non-verbal communication (prendre dans ses bras ‘to take in one’s arms’) are specific to ROM, where body language is overrepresented. In SF, there is a very limited number of these types of expressions. More generally, the motifs provide the link between the micro level (phraseological recurrences) and the macro level (the fictional script).
Reducing Severe Tracheal Intubation Events Through an Individualized Airway Bundle
Authors: Herrick Heidi M. , Pouppirt Nicole , Zedalis Jacqueline , Cei Bridget , Murphy Stephanie , Soorikian Leane , Matthews Kelle , Nassar Rula , Napolitano Natalie , Nishisaki Akira , Foglia Elizabeth E. , Ades Anne , Nawab Ursula
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Neonatal tracheal intubation (TI) is a high-risk procedure associated with adverse safety events. In our newborn and infant ICU, we measure adverse tracheal intubation–associated events (TIAEs) as part of our participation in National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates, a neonatal airway registry. We aimed to decrease overall TIAEs by 10% in 12 months.

METHODS

A quality improvement team developed an individualized approach to intubation using an Airway Bundle (AB) for patients at risk for TI. Plan-do-study-act cycles included AB creation, simulation, unit roll out, interprofessional education, team competitions, and adjusting AB location. Outcome measure was monthly rate of TIAEs (overall and severe). Process measures were AB initiation, AB use at intubation, video laryngoscope (VL) use, and paralytic use. Balancing measure was inadvertent administration of TI premedication. We used statistical process control charts.

RESULTS

Data collection from November 2016 to August 2020 included 1182 intubations. Monthly intubations ranged from 12 to 41. Initial overall TIAE rate was 0.093 per intubation encounter, increased to 0.172, and then decreased to 0.089. System stability improved over time. Severe TIAE rate decreased from 0.047 to 0.016 in June 2019. AB initiation improved from 70% to 90%, and AB use at intubation improved from 18% to 55%. VL use improved from 86% to 97%. Paralytic use was 83% and did not change. The balancing measure of inadvertent TI medication administration occurred once.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrated a significant decrease in the rate of severe TIAEs through the implementation of an AB. Next steps include increasing use of AB at intubation.
SIMULATION OF BIOMASS DYNAMICS IN PLANKTON OF A HIGH-ALTITUDE ANDEAN TROPICAL RESERVOIR IN COLOMBIA.
Authors: Parra Garcia Edison Andres , Rivera Parra Nicole , Rodriguez Rey Boris Anghelo , Hoyos Rincón Isabel Cristina
Published: September 2021

The understanding of the relationships between the planktonic communities in a reservoir allows us to infer possible changes in the redistribution of matter and energy flows in these systems. This work proposes a dynamic model for the trophic network of the Riogrande II tropical reservoir, which integrates the planktonic trophic chains of detritus and grazing, limiting the prey-predator interactions by introducing the prey meeting factor (pmf). We built a dynamic model of mass balance supported by an extensive bibliographic search. The limitations of consumers and resources were represented simultaneously by means of the pmf. The data used to validate the model were compiled from previous investigations carried out in this reservoir from 2010 to 2013. The values of pmf that we found in each simulation suggest that the top predator can access its main prey in certain concentrations of total phosphorus, with a probability of encounter ranging from 9.3 % to 17.7 %. Our simulations indicate that most of the primary production is poorly used by the primary consumers in the photic zone, however, it enters in the flows of the detrital chain and supports the production of zooplankton almost entirely. According to this finding, the biomass densities obtained in the previous studies can be better explained by the causal relationships assumed in this model.
HALOBACTERIAS PROMOTORAS DE CRECIMIENTO VEGETAL ASOCIADAS A Lippia palmeri (VERBENACEAE) EN LA ZONA ÁRIDA DEL NOROESTE DE MÉXICO
Authors: Méndez Mayboca Fátima Rocío , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel , Sánchez Carmen LIZETH , Wong-Corral Francisco JAVIER , Borboa Flores Jesús , Guerra Kevyn , Murillo Amador Bernardo , Rueda Puente Edgar Omar
Published: September 2021

La producción de orégano es de relevancia económica en el noroeste de México. Sin embargo, los productores para obtener altos rendimientos recurren a la fertilización química, pero su mal uso, agudiza la salinidad. Lippia palmeri crece de manera natural en suelos áridos, pobres en materia orgánica, alta salinidad y temperatura en el noroeste de México. En el contexto de una agricultura sustentable, los microorganismos mantienen la fertilidad del suelo e incrementan la productividad de la planta. Actualmente existe interés en proponer biofertilizantes en la agricultura de alta intrusión salina y elevadas temperaturas para el cultivo de orégano. Las Halobacterias Promotoras del Crecimiento de Plantas (HPCP), se han destacado por beneficiar a los cultivos nutrimentalmente y mitigar el efecto de la salinidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en identificar termo- y halo-tolerantes HPCP asociadas a la rizosfera de L. palmeri; se evaluó la actividad solubilizadora de fosfatos, producción de ácidos orgánicos, sideróforos y fijación de nitrógeno; se identificaron mediante el gen ARNr-16S aquellas con alta actividad evaluándose su efecto en la germinación y longitud radicular. Quince diferentes colonias sobresalieron al crecer en NaCl (0.25, 0.50 y 0.75 M) a 35 y 45 °C, destacando tres bacterias identificadas: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis y Bacillus licheniformis. El efecto en la longitud radicular es significativo por la aplicación de B. amyloliquefaciens. Estudios relacionados con la promoción vegetal deben ser considerados en posteriores estudios. Este es el primer informe de B. amyloliquefaciens como una bacteria fijadora de nitrógeno asociada a L. palmeri.
Abejas Altoandinas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) en Arequipa, Perú.
Authors: Calizaya Melo Yeison Andru , Aguilar Benavides Marlene Lucía , Lopéz Tejeda Evaristo Luciano
Published: September 2021

El presente estudio describe las abejas nativas en la Provincia Puna de la Región Andina, en la Reserva Nacional de Salinas y Aguada Blanca en Arequipa, Perú. Los muestreos se realizaron durante siete meses en tres zonas representativas del bosque de Polylepis y del ecosistema Yaretal entre los 3900-4300 m. s. n. m. utilizando dos métodos de colecta: red entomológica y platos amarillos. En total se colectaron 545 especímenes pertenecientes a 26 morfoespecies, diez géneros y cuatro familias. La familia Halictidae presentó la mayor abundancia de individuos 475 (87,1 %), seguida de Megachilidae con 43 individuos (7,7 %), Colletidae 21 individuos (3,8 %) y Apidae con seis individuos (1 %). El género más abundante y diverso fue Caenohalictus con ocho morfoespecies y 466 individuos. Adicionalmente, se colectaron dos especies cleptoparásitas: Acanthopus y Sphecodes. Las áreas de muestreo por debajo de 4100 m.s.n.m. mostraron una mayor riqueza de especies, mientras que el muestreo por encima de 4100 m. s. n. m. mostró una disminución en la diversidad. El muestreo por red entomológica fue el método más efectivo en riqueza de especies (21; 81 %) y el muestreo de platos amarillos en abundancia de individuos (485; 89 %). Los resultados muestran que existe una considerable riqueza de especies de abejas en las áreas altoandinas y resaltan la necesidad de realizar más estudios de abejas en esta y otras ecorregiones del Perú.
CARACTERIZACIÓN GENÉTICA DE LA POBLACIÓN DE Heliconius sara (Nymphalidae) EN LA ISLA GORGONA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Sedano-Cruz Raul Ernesto , Calero-Mejía Humberto
Published: September 2021

La estructura genética de poblaciones de mariposas con distribución en islas y sus pares continentales ha sido poco documentada para el neotrópico. Este estudio presenta la caracterización de una población de Heliconius sara con distribución en la Isla Gorgona, ubicada en la región del Pacífico Oriental Colombiano. Para esto se examinaron secuencias parciales de un marcador mitocondrial incluyendo información obtenida del GenBank. Se comparó la diversidad y estructura genética con sus conespecíficos continentales y también con congéneres, con los que comparte un ancestro común cercano en el clado Sapho-Sara. Para el análisis de diversidad y estructura genética se realizó un análisis molecular de varianza. Este análisis muestra que la distancia entre la población de la isla y sus pares en el continente es consistente con la variación intraespecífica observada en otras especies del género Heliconius. Para la reconstrucción de la genealogía y datación reciente en el Pleistoceno superior del grupo monofilético de secuencias de H. sara, se realizó un análisis de inferencia bayesiana, así como una de máxima verosimilitud. Del análisis demográfico se seleccionó un modelo histórico de flujo asimétrico desde la isla hacia el continente que sugiere baja resistencia de la discontinuidad geográfica a la dispersión de esta mariposa diurna desde la isla. Este es el primer estudio en examinar un posible evento de aislamiento de una población insular de mariposas en Colombia.
DIMORFISMO SEXUAL EN TAMAÑO Y FORMA EN UNA POBLACIÓN DE ESCÍNCIDOS DE COLA AZUL DEL GÉNERO Plestiodon (SCINCIDAE)
Authors: Feria Ortiz Manuel , Pérez-Malváez Carlos , Bribiesca Escutia Guadalupe , Ramírez Morales Emmanuel Alejandro
Published: September 2021

En este estudio, investigamos el dimorfismo sexual en el tamaño corporal (longitud hocico cloaca) y rasgos morfológicos (cabeza, cuello, tronco y extremidades) en una población de escíncidos pertenecientes a una especie recién descubierta del género Plestiodon. Además, se determinaron las trayectorias alométricas de los rasgos corporales que mostraron dimorfismo sexual y se discute su importancia en la expresión de las diferencias sexuales encontradas. Se realizó una prueba de t de student para detectar diferencias significativas en la LHC y se siguió un enfoque multivariado para investigar el dimorfismo sexual en los otros caracteres examinados. Se utilizó regresión por ejes principales reducidos (SMA) para determinar las trayectorias alométricas correspondientes. No se detectó dimorfismo sexual en la longitud hocico cloaca y masa corporal. La longitud y ancho de la cabeza, la longitud del cuello y la longitud de las extremidades traseras fueron mayores en machos que en hembras; en contraste, se encontró el patrón opuesto en el caso de la longitud del tronco (axila-ingle). Se detectaron relaciones isométricas, así como alométricas positivas y negativas entre los rasgos analizados. Sin embargo, únicamente el dimorfismo sexual en el ancho de la cabeza fue afectado por sus trayectorias de crecimiento.
FIRST RECORD OF Brachymeria podagrica (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE) AS PARASITOID OF Peckia collusor (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)
Authors: RAMIREZ MORA MANUEL ALEJANDRO , DURANGO YESICA SIDNEY
Published: September 2021

In this work, the wasp Brachymeria podagrica is recorded for the first time for Colombia, a solitary parasitoid of larvae of the Peckia collusor fly. Third instar larvae of P. collusor were exposed to outdoor ambient conditions for 6 hours in the garden of the Tecnológico de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia). 29 B. podagrica adults were obtained from the host pupae. Prevalence of parasitism was 14.5 %.