bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Communication for Developing Foreign Language Speaking Skills
Authors: Takase Nami
Published: October 2024

This study examined the effects of synchronous and asynchronous online communication using video conferences and video letters (VLs) on the development of foreign language speaking skills for Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) A1 and B1 level learners of English. Two groups, one using the VLs and the other video conferencing (ZOOM), were constituted to compare the impact of the modes. Both groups were provided with the same topic for interaction with native English-speaking university students from the United States. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to examine the effects of each practice mode. The transcribed speaking tests were analyzed using the Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency (CAF) framework (Housen et al., 2012). The post-test results revealed that in the ZOOM group, sentence complexity score and total number of words decreased significantly. The VL group showed no differences in word complexity and maintained sentence complexity. This study highlighted the influence of synchronous and asynchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) approaches on speaking skills.
Enhancing Predictive Maintenance in Smart Homes Devices using AI/ML on Microcontrollers
Authors:   DY PATIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Saini Lakshit , Mishra Premla Sagar , Dashrath Patil Ms. Shobhana
Published: October 2024

As more and more smart home gadgets pop up, keeping them running is key. Smart upkeep using AI and machine learning tricks, can spot device problems before they happen. But the usual cloud- based setups have some snags, like delays and privacy worries. This study looks into putting AI and machine learning models right inside the smart home gadgets' tiny computers. This lets them handle upkeep on the spot, in real-time. By tweaking these models to work with limited resources, the research hopes to cut down on device downtime and make them last longer. It's a hands-on way to do smart upkeep without leaning on cloud computing. Keywords— Predictive Maintenance, Edge Computing, Resource-Constrained Environments
Smart AI-Powered Language Learning App
Authors:   Department: M.Sc. in Information Technology  Patkar-Varde College, Soparkar Prathamesh M
Published: October 2024

Language learning is a crucial aspect of life, and AI technology has revolutionized teaching and learning. New approaches like Dulingo, Babbel, and Memrise have emerged to improve language proficiency. However, the use of AI in language learning apps is often overlooked. This paper analyzes several popular language learning apps and their presence of AI. The results show that none of the analyzed apps use machine learning, artificial intelligence, or deep learning, and they are based on predefined algorithms that do not fully utilize computational power. The paper suggests possible solutions and practical advice on how to implement AI in these apps, making it important for education innovation in the 21st century. The findings suggest that AI should be used in a way that fully utilizes the computational power available, rather than relying on predefined algorithms. This makes AI a valuable tool for language learning and education in the 21st century. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (A.I.), AI Powered Learning, Language Apps, Mobile Apps, Language Education.
Generalidades de la Colecistitis Aguda Acalculosa
Authors: Sauma Montes de Oca Manrique , Pacheco Salas María Paula , Carbajal Barboza Fiorella , Villarevia Umaña Kevin
Published: October 2024

Resumen La colecistitis aguda acalculosa es una forma poco frecuente de colecistitis aguda en la que no hay presencia de lito en los conductos biliares. Esta patología sucede por lo general en pacientes críticamente enfermos o posterior a una cirugía mayor, aunque puede suceder también en personas previamente sanas. La etiología es variada, así como sus mecanismos fisiopatológicos, sin embargo, se han determinado tres factores claves en la patogénesis de esta entidad: estasis, isquemia e infección directa. Enfermedades crónicas pueden predisponer a la colecistitis aguda acalculosa, aunque también puede desarrollarse secundaria a ayuno, nutrición parenteral, quemaduras e infecciones sistémicas, tanto bacterianas como virales, especialmente en aquellas por virus del Epstein-Barr. La colecistitis aguda acalculosa tiene una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad que la colecistitis litiásica, incluyendo mayor riesgo de complicaciones como perforación de la vesícula biliar, colecistitis hemorrágica, gangrenosa y enfisematosa, por lo que es importante sospechar esta patología. El tratamiento varía según la causa, la severidad de la enfermedad y la condición del paciente, aunque el manejo definitivo incluye la colecistectomía o el drenaje de la vesícula biliar.
Dampak Potensial Penggunaan ChatGPT (Generative Pre-training Transformer)/AI (Artificial Intelligence) untuk Peningkatan Efisiensi Pelayanan dan Edukasi Pasien Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Prawira Eric Septian , Hikmah Nurul
Published: October 2024

ChatGPT (generative pre-training transformer) merupakan sebuah teknologi kecerdasan buatan dari OpenAI yang berfungsi sebagai chatbot dengan kemampuan percakapan mirip manusia. ChatGPT berpotensi meningkatkan layanan kesehatan, antara lain pelayanan diabetes melitus. Tantangan saat ini adalah faktor-faktor seperti kurangnya sumber daya manusia dan rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat. Integrasi ChatGPT diusulkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas layanan kesehatan, menawarkan dukungan diagnostik, dan sumber daya pendidikan untuk kesadaran atas masalah diabetes.
A New New World
Authors: Hellström Petter
Published: October 2024

Over the course of the eighteenth century, European maps of Africa became increasingly empty. Rivers and mountains, kingdoms and towns that had been mapped for centuries suddenly disappeared and were replaced by unmapped, blank spaces. Though historians have scrutinized the role of the blank spaces in creating and sustaining the perception of Africa’s interior as an unknown and unclaimed territory, the blanks themselves have long been understood as the bi-products of improved scientific standards. Geographers in the European Enlightenment, we have been told, cleared their maps of imaginary wonders, and drew a sharp line between the known and the unknown. This explanation for the continent’s unmapping is not, however, congruent with the empirical evidence. Though eighteenth-century geographers argued eloquently for the principled suppression of uncertain knowledge, they were no less at the mercy of conflicting reports than their predecessors had been. Leaving parts of a map blank to represent unexplored regions was similarly not their invention—it had long been a feature on maps of the New World. What was new about the blank spaces on eighteenth-century maps of Africa was not so much the blanks as such, as their application to a previously mapped part of the Old World.
Becoming an adult in internal displacement: Key figures, challenges and opportunities for internally displaced youth
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

This report presents the first estimates of the number of internally displaced people (IDPs) between the ages of 15 and 24 at the global, regional and national levels for about 100 countries. Conflicts, violence and disasters resulted in nearly ten million young people living in displacement around the world at the end of 2019. This is the highest figure ever recorded, although it is likely an underestimate. This report also includes an overview of some of the most recurring challenges young people face in internal displacement. Their age, gender, disability status and socioeconomic background, as well as other factors, play a significant role. In order to illustrate this complexity, the report highlights the experiences of internally displaced girls, members of sexual minority groups and street-connected youth, showing the specific risks they can encounter. Internally displaced young women and men, like all IDPs, are impacted by displacement in multiple ways. As they are at a crucial time in their lives for their personal, social and professional development, they may have particular ways of facing the experience. They encounter specific risks and sometimes lack the resources to avoid them. They can also, however, find opportunity in the midst of adversity, if the right conditions are in place.
Yemen: the implications of forced immobility
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

As Yemen enters its sixth year of conflict, the threat of Covid-19 has prompted the Saudi-led coalition to declare a unilateral ceasefire. A de-escalation of violence would have been welcome in a country embroiled in the world’s worst humanitarian crisis, but the ceasefire has been poorly implemented. More than 111,000 Yemenis have lost their lives since 2015, and around 85,000 children have died of starvation. The conditions in the country are such that significant cross-border movements might be expected, but comparatively few people have sought refuge abroad. Based on primary research with Yemeni refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs), we find that restrictive migration policies have aggravated the humanitarian crisis by exposing Yemenis to repeated internal displacement. The country is home to more than 3.63 million IDPs, representing more than 10 per cent of the population. Not only are their human rights frequently denied, but their heightened vulnerability also undermines long-term prospects for durable solutions. This policy paper identifies four opportunities for the European Union to alleviate Yemen’s humanitarian crisis and reduce the risk of repeated internal displacement.
When land, knowledge and roots are lost: indigenous peoples and displacement
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

This briefing paper seeks to better understand the unique risks, challenges and impacts indigenous peoples and tribal groups face in displacement. It explores how these communities' ancestral knowledge can help to prevent and respond to displacement, and achieve durable solutions. It also explains why better data on displaced indigenous peoples is essential to foster more inclusive responses.
Recommendations for addressing drought displacement in South Sudan
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

Drawing on the outcome of a discussion between partners at IDMC, NRC, France’s Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development (ACTED) and REACH, this paper calls for a comprehensive study of land use to inform decisions about return and durable solutions in South Sudan. Opportunities for durable solutions in South Sudan ultimately depend on the successful implementation of the revitalised peace agreement. This paper calls for concerted efforts by all involved in the response to prevent a new descent into violence.
Unveiling the cost of internal displacement
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

Internal displacement can limit affected people’s ability to contribute to the economy and generate specific needs that must be paid for by IDPs, their hosts, their government or other aid providers. This report presents our first estimates of the financial impact of major displacement crises in eight countries: the Central African Republic, Haiti, Libya, the Philippines, Somalia, South Sudan, Ukraine and Yemen. Using publicly available data and an original methodology, this report assesses the costs and losses associated with internal displacement’s most direct consequences on health, shelter, education, security and livelihoods. Although they uncover only a fraction of the economic impacts of internal displacement, these estimates amount to a noticeable share of the countries’ GDP. Multiplying the average impact per IDP per year ($310) to the total number of IDPs recorded across the world - 40 million as of the end of 2017 - would amount to nearly $13 billion. Though more research is needed to analyse more countries and account for more impacts, this report already points to the risk internal displacement represents, not only for security and human rights, but also for national development.
No matter of choice: displacement in a changing climate
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

nternal displacement associated with slow-onset environmental change and disasters is a complex and dynamic phenomenon. Often hard to distinguish from internal migration, displacement driven by gradually evolving environmental change is primarily a development issue. It is difficult to paint a consistent picture of displacement associated with slow-onset events, because of the wide range of phenomena, impacts, drivers, types of movement they provoke and regions they affect. It is neither easy to characterise, nor easy to plan for and more concrete examples and evidence of how displacement occurs in different situations is needed to inform more solid risk assessments and evaluations of appropriate policy responses. This thematic series explores the scale, patterns, drivers and impacts of internal displacement associated with slow-onset environmental change and disasters to inform policies and practices for managing and reducing displacement risk.
Internal displacement's impacts on health in Yemen
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

This collaborative paper by IDMC and guest authors from Boston University, UNICEF and the University of Aden discusses the health risks facing internally displaced people due to Yemen’s longstanding humanitarian crisis. It explores the effect of climate change in limiting IDPs’ access to healthcare, the impact of reduced humanitarian assistance on responses, and the policy implications of these issues. A spotlight dives deeper into the impacts of Covid-19 on the health, livelihoods, housing, education and security of displaced and non-displaced Yemenis.
Gender dynamics in internal displacement
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

There are growing calls to incorporate a gender perspective into humanitarian and development action on displacement. Despite promising signs of progress, however, approaches to data collection and programming remain insufficient. Most data available on internally displaced people (IDPs) is not disaggregated by sex. Further breakdown by gender identity and sexual orientation is even harder to come by. The gaps in disaggregated data contribute to blanket approaches to programming that tend to treat IDPs as a single homogenous group who experience displacement in the same way. Where gender differences are recognised, displaced women, girls and IDPs who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer and other diverse groups (LGBTIQ+) are often categorised together under the umbrella term of “vulnerable groups”, overlooking their leadership, agency, and capacities. This report is intended to improve understanding of gender inequalities linked with internal displacement and highlight ways forward to promote more inclusive and effective data collection, planning and responses. It begins by drawing from the latest primary data collected by IDMC and other organisations to explore the gendered risks and impacts of displacement. It then showcases promising examples of gender-responsive action to prevent and address the phenomenon, and highlights women’s role as agents of change. The final section takes stock of data sources on the issue and discusses tools and initiatives to address gaps.
Assessing the impacts of climate change on flood displacement risk
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

With so many people already affected by climate change and extreme weather events predicted to become more frequent and/or severe in many parts of the world, it is vital to establish the magnitude of future displacement risk, its drivers and what might be done about it. Whilst a number of attempts have been made to estimate the future scale of climate-related migration, relatively few peer-reviewed studies examine the risk as it applies to displacement. This paper presents a first attempt to fill this information gap by estimating future flood displacement risk. It focuses on floods because they are responsible for most of the observed disaster displacement and estimated risk. By comparing future points in time with the present and across various climate change and development scenarios, it reveals the magnitude of risk, how it differs from the present, and what is driving the changes.
From aid to empowerment: Addressing urban displacement in Colombia's informal settlements
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

This study examines urban internal displacement in Colombia and analyses the humanitarian response to the needs of internally displaced people (IDPs) and their host communities in informal settlements. Research was undertaken in Altos de la Florida, an informal settlement in Soacha on the outskirts of Bogotá, between 2016 and 2019. Colombia has the second-highest number of internally displaced people in the world, with 5.6 million. Nearly 90 per cent of the country’s IDPs have been displaced from rural to urban areas by conflict and violence, and informal urban settlements have become a refuge of last resort for many. Internal displacement has played a significant role in the country’s rapid urbanisation. Around a quarter of the built areas of Colombian cities are informal settlements, as such urban areas have been at the forefront of the response to internal displacement.
"Once the road is safe" - Displacement and return in north-eastern Nigeria
Authors:   Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC)
Published: October 2024

North-eastern Nigeria has borne the brunt of so-called Boko Haram’s jihadist insurgency since 2009. More than 1.9 million people were internally displaced as a result of the group’s violence as of January 2019, and over 230,000 refugees have sought shelter in Cameroon, Chad and Niger. This report, which is based on interviews with 345 internally displaced people (IDPs) and returning refugees, examines the drivers of displacement and onward movement within and across Nigeria’s borders, provides a better understanding of people’s priorities and preconditions for return, and explores obstacles and opportunities for durable solutions. The report is part of IDMC’s “Invisible Majority” thematic series, which examines the relationship between internal displacement and cross-border movements.
MODERNIZATION OF THE WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS USING SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT
Authors: Samigulina Z. I. , Koyanbayeva D. E.
Published: October 2024

Currently, the issue of modernization of outdated automatic control systems at strategically important infrastructure facilities of the city, such as water supply and water treatment, is urgent. Using modern automation equipment allows for improving the environmental situation and increasing the reliability of technological processes. This article discusses the development of a new automated system for the biological treatment facility of the Almaty Su sewage treatment plant to replace the outdated current automation. A control system for air conditioning machines, based on Schneider Electric equipment, has been developed using EcoStructure Control Expert software to manage the Modicon M340 controller. Additionally, using EcoStructure Machine Expert, a control system has been created for air injection machines during the biological cleaning phase, which uses the Modicon M241 controller.A process control mnemonic circuit was designed to switch between Modicon M340 and M241 controllers. Remote I/O architectures were developed using the Architecture Builder to create network configurations. An emergency protection system was implemented on Honeywell equipment at Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU) JSC, using Safety Controller and Manager tools. Security levels at SIL enterprises were calculated.
NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING THE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR THE PARABOLIC EQUATION
Authors: Iskakova N. B. , Kadirbayeva Zh. М. , Bakirova E. А. , Kuanysh S. K.
Published: October 2024

A linear boundary value problem for a parabolic equation is considered in a closed domain. Based on the broken line method, the boundary value problem for a parabolic equation is replaced by a two-point boundary value problem for a system of linear ordinary differential equations by discretizing the unknown function u(t,x) with respect to the variable x. The obtained two-point boundary value problem is investigated by the parameterization method of Professor Dzhumabaev. Based on this method, an algorithm for finding a numerical solution to the two-point boundary value problem for a system of linear ordinary differential equations is constructed. The constructed algorithm is realized by applying known numerical methods. The constructiveness and efficiency of the parameterization method also allows us to construct a numerical solution of the considered linear boundary value problem for the parabolic equation. One numerical example is given to verify and illustrate the proposed algorithm.
SURVEYING RESEARCH LANDSCAPES: REVEALING ATTRIBUTES IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Amirbekova D. , Li Y.
Published: October 2024

This article presents a comprehensive survey-based analysis of the current research landscape within Kazakhstan’s academic community. Drawing from responses collected from 265 researchers and academics across various universities, the study unveils insightful demographic profiles and research attributes across four distinct subject areas. While encompassing a broad spectrum of disciplines, particular attention is directed towards the characteristics and trends within the physical sciences domain. The survey explores Kazakhstan’s physical sciences research landscape, revealing a focus on international collaborations, particularly with Western academics, to enhance research visibility. Challenges include limited emphasis on partnerships with governmental or nongovernmental organizations, adverse working conditions, and disparities in resource access, notably in highperformance computing facilities. This research provides a detailed understanding of the current state of academic research within the country and offers a nuanced perspective that can inform strategic planning, policy formulation, and future research endeavors.
STUDY THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE OXIDE – NANOCELLULOSE COMPOSITE
Authors: Aimaganbetov K. , Abdrakhmanov K. , Akatan K. , Kuanyshbekov T. , Nurlan Almas , Kurbanova B. , Kemelbekova A. , Tatishvili G.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the electrical properties of a graphene oxide (GO) and nanocellulose (NC) composite using impedance spectroscopy, complemented by thorough characterization through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis revealed characteristic peaks corresponding to functional groups present in both GO and NC, providing insights into their chemical composition. XPS spectra exhibited distinctive peaks indicative of carbon and oxygen bonding states, elucidating the surface chemistry of the materials. Raman spectroscopy provided information on the structural order and defects within the samples, particularly highlighting the graphitic structure of GO. SEM images revealed the morphological features of the composite membrane, showcasing the distribution of NC particles and structural modifications induced by their incorporation. Impedance spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the electrical conductivity of the GO-NC composite. Results indicated a temperaturedependent behavior, with an increase in conductance observed as the temperature rose within the operational range of fuel cells. Remarkably, the addition of NC did not significantly alter the conductive behavior of the composite, suggesting compatibility and stability. In summary, this comprehensive characterization using multiple analytical techniques offers valuable insights into the electrical properties of the GO-NC composite. The findings suggest its potential for various applications requiring enhanced electrical conductivity, particularly in fuel cell technology.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF TWO-PHASE HEAT TRANSFER DURING EVAPORATION AND CONDENSATION INSIDE A SOLAR STILL
Authors: Karlina Ye. , Yerdesh Ye. , Baimbetov D. , Jamakeyev I. , Mohanraj M. , Belyayev Ye.
Published: October 2024

This research presents a comparative analysis of two solar still configurations utilizing the ANSYS 2023R2 software package for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The study employs the Volume of Fluid (VoF) model to simulate phase transitions between liquid and vapor, specifically focusing on vaporization processes. It is important to note that the VoF model used in this study primarily serves to visualize vaporization, with its numerical results aligning with theoretical expectations rather than providing practical applications. The relevance of this research is underscored by the global drinking water crisis, which drives the need to enhance the efficiency of desalination systems. Solar distillation is recognized as one of the most environmentally sustainable methods for producing clean water, making it an appropriate focus for this investigation. The primary objective of this work is to conduct a numerical analysis of the solar still, compare the performance of two different configurations, and evaluate potential modifications to improve the system's efficiency. The study simulates heat transfer processes within the distiller, the distribution of vapor volume fractions, and temperature variations over time. The findings indicate that the dual-slope configuration outperforms the single-slope configuration in terms of efficiency and productivity. Additionally, the research provides insights into the physical processes occurring within the distiller and identifies potential areas for further refinement of the system's modeling in ANSYS.
TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE CAREER DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Abdykhalykov K. , Jalmukanova L.
Published: October 2024

In today’s environment, managing employees’ career development is becoming a key factor for the success and sustainable development of organizations, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this article is to investigate current approaches to career management in SMEs and provide practical recommendations based on theoretical research and empirical evidence. The novelty of the study lies in the integrated approach to analyzing career management practices using both quantitative and qualitative methods. This allows for a deeper understanding of the impact of career development on employee motivation and retention in a resource-constrained and highly competitive environment. The research methodology includes reviewing existing literature and analyzing case studies from different industries to identify best practices and success stories. The use of mixed research methods, such as surveys and in-depth interviews, provides a more comprehensive view of current practices and their impact on employees. The results of the study show that career development management is critical to improve employee motivation and retention, which is particularly relevant for SMEs. Pay attention to aspects such as training and development, performance appraisal systems, reward systems and their impact on employee motivation. Training and development help to improve employees’ skills and adaptability to changes in the market, while appraisal systems such as 360-degree feedback and regular evaluations help to identify achievements and areas for improvement, forming individual development plans. A fair and competitive compensation system motivates employees and promotes employee retention. The author’s personal contribution is the design and implementation of an integrated research methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods, which provided comprehensive data and offered practical recommendations for SMEs. The article also discusses the factors that influence employee retention and the creation of a positive corporate culture, which contributes to their long-term professional growth and enhances companies’ competitiveness in the market. In an environment of rapid change and globalization, SMEs must pay special attention to human capital development to maintain competitiveness and achieve sustainable growth. The article provides recommendations for the implementation of effective career management programs and examples of successful practices from different sectors.
APPLICATIONS OF NON-TRADITIONAL EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT MODELS IN PROJECT ANALYTICS
Authors: Capone C. , Akhlassov Y. S. , Ibrayev O. S.
Published: October 2024

Effective management of financial resources in projects is crucial for project success. Often, difficulties with financial resources, such as budget overruns, lead to unfavorable consequences that directly impact the successful completion of the project, the quality of the outcome, and stakeholder satisfaction. Therefore, identifying and developing tools for the effective management of financial resources, is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study is to apply non-traditional earned value management (EVM) models based on machine learning to predict project costs. To achieve the research objectives, previous literature on the topic was analyzed, a dataset of past projects was prepared, and a machine learning model was applied. The study found that non-traditional models, such as the regression algorithm AdaBoost, produced results close to the actual costs. The research indicates that the developed model could become an indispensable tool for project management and business decision-making, as it demonstrates the ability to adapt to various conditions and make accurate forecasts.
IOT NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING ON UNSW-NB15 DATASET
Authors: Omarov Bauyrzhan S. , Auelbekov O. А. , Kulambayev B. O. , Omarov B. S.
Published: October 2024

This research presents a comprehensive investigation into the application of machine learning techniques for addressing the pervasive security challenges within Internet of Things (IoT) networks. With the exponential growth of interconnected devices, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of data transmissions has become increasingly critical. In this study, we deploy and evaluate seven distinct machine learning methods tailored to the IoT network intrusion detection problem. Leveraging the rich and diverse UNSW-NB15 dataset, encompassing real-world network traffic scenarios, our analysis encompasses a thorough examination of both traditional and state-of-the-art algorithms. Through rigorous experimentation and performance evaluation, we assess the efficacy of these methods in accurately detecting and classifying various forms of network intrusions. Our findings provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of different machine learning approaches for enhancing the security posture of IoT environments, thereby facilitating informed decision-making for network administrators and cybersecurity practitioners.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF ACCURACY OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION RESULTS
Authors: Vykhodtseva V. A. , Popova G. V.
Published: October 2024

One of the most pervasive processes of modernity is undoubtedly digitalization, which has encompassed all key spheres of human life. The development of information technology has contributed to large-scale changes not only in the everyday aspect of life, but also more globally, automating complex business processes in the field of entrepreneurship, economics, and healthcare. The transition to digital data and documentation has provided greater accessibility to necessary information and has also enhanced the efficiency of its analysis and processing. Due to this fact, optical character recognition (OCR) technology has gained significant importance, enabling the identification and extraction of textual data from images. OCR systems play a pivotal role in the digital transformation of society as they eliminate the need for manual handling of textual information in images and are applicable in automating the majority of business processes associated with paper-based data processing, such as gathering statistical data from paper forms, reflecting paper documents in electronic document management systems, converting textual information into audio files, and so on. This paper is dedicated to describing optical character recognition technology, as well as providing an overview of machine learning techniques that are actively used in the context of its modern implementation, in order to enhance the quality of the obtained results. In addition, the paper presents the principles of operation of the described approaches, their capabilities, as well as some limitations that may be encountered when using them in various scenarios.
Evaluation of Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Formaldehyde Emission of Ecological Chipboards Produced from Annual Residue Plant Stems
Authors: Uğur Celal , Bektaş İbrahi̇m
Published: October 2024

Urea formaldehyde glue is one of the most preferred glues in the production of wood composite panels. It has many advantages such as economy, effective adhesive power and easy use. However, due to formaldehyde emission, it negatively affects the environment and human health. Formaldehyde emission can cause diseases in the respiratory system depending on the concentration and duration of exposure. In recent years, with legal regulations and increasing consumer awareness, low emission plate production has become inevitable. Therefore, low-emission adhesives, formaldehyde-scavenging chemicals and alternative binders are used to reduce formaldehyde emissions. Many studies have been made on the use of urea formaldehide glue and this topic is still actual. In this study, varying proportions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) of annual residue plant (ARP) were added to the wood chips used in the production of chipboards to solve these problems. The results showed that in physical properties, with the increase of ARP ratio, water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) values deteriorated for 2 and 24 hours. In mechanical measurements, the highest figures were obtained from the bending strength (SBS), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and tensile strength perpendicular to the surface (TSP) measurements of the boards produced from 25 % WAP added mixtures. TS EN 120 perforator method was applied to measure the formaldehyde emission in the boards. The test boards can be considered “ecological” since most results of formaldehyde emission (FE) measured on value-added products (WAP) were below the upper limit (8 g/100g) specified in the E1 (EN 120) standard.
Analysis of Primary Value Chains in Slovenian Forest and Wood Bioeconomy
Authors: Kropivšek Jože , Straže Aleš , Gornik-Bučar Dominika
Published: October 2024

Green value chains are becoming increasingly important due to the current European and global strategic orientation. Wood and wood-related value chains are one of them. There are many challenges to overcome in the Slovenian forest-wood bioeconomy in order to strengthen it and make it more efficient. One of the biggest challenges is the increasing share of deciduous trees in Slovenian forests. This raises the question of how to build or strengthen forest-wood value chains with hardwood of different qualities as a basic raw material. The most important thing for the entire forest-wood bioeconomy is to have effective and functioning primary value chains in order to have a strong basis for multiplying the impact and value in the entire forest-wood value chain. The aim of this study was to analyze the primary value chains in the Slovenian forest-wood bioeconomy, with a focus on the processing of hardwood. The main research question was whether the primary value chains are equivalent for the efficient functioning of the forest wood chain, whose main raw material is hardwood. Based on an in-depth qualitative multi-criteria decision-making analysis, we can conclude that all analyzed primary value chains are very important for creating the conditions for the maximum utilization of the potential of hardwood raw materials of different quality. From the point of view of providing basic and advanced materials for further value chains in the wood sector (and related industries), these are mainly the chains P1 Sawlogs, P2 Veneer logs and P3 Wood for pulp and composites, and for other industries also the most advanced materials from the chain P4 Other industrial wood, which still require a lot of investment in research and development to reach the level of their wider (industrial) implementation. In terms of ensuring circular economy and sustainability, connecting chains C6 Residues and C7 Reclaimed wood are particularly important.
Recognizing our Reviewers and Authors, and a Few Insights into Tektonika’s Review Process
Authors:   Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France, Lacassin Robin , Bond Clare , Doré Tony , Gouiza Mohamed , kavanagh Janine , Peron-Pinvidic Gwenn , Pérez-Díaz Lucia , Welford Kim , Eagles Graeme , Schmitt Renata , Fernández-Blanco David , McCarthy Dave
Published: October 2024

To mark the publication of this first issue of Tektonika’s second volume, we were inspired to write a short editorial focusing on our reviewers and our review process, providing thoughts and tips on what makes a great review and author rebuttal.
Signatures of Fluid-Rock Interactions in Shallow Parts of the San Andreas and San Gabriel Faults, Southern California
Authors:   Department of Geosciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4505, USA, Evans James , Crouch Kaitlyn , Studnicky Caroline , Bone Sharon , Edwards Nicholas , Webb Samuel
Published: October 2024

We examine deformed crystalline bedrock in the upper parts of the active San Andreas and ancient San Gabriel Faults, southern California, to 1) determine the nature and origin of micro-scale composition and geochemistry of fault-related rocks, 2) constrain the extent of fluid-rock interactions, and 3) determine the interactions between alteration, mineralization, and deformation. We used drill cores from a 470 m long inclined borehole through the steep-dipping San Gabriel Fault and from seven inclined northeast-plunging boreholes across the San Andreas Fault zone to 150 m deep to show that narrow fault cores 10 cm to 5 m wide lie within 100s m wide damage zones. Petrographic, mineralogic, whole-rock geochemical analyses and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence mapping of drill core and thin sections of rocks from the damage zone and narrow principal slip surfaces reveal evidence for the development of early fracture networks, with iron and other transition element mineralization and alteration along the fractures. Alteration includes clay $\pm$ chlorite development, carbonate, and zeolite mineralization in matrix and fractures and the mobility of trace and transition elements. Carbonate-zeolite mineralization filled fractures and are associated with element mobility through the crystalline rocks. Textural evidence for repeated shearing, alteration, vein formation, brittle deformation, fault slip, pressure solution, and faulted rock re-lithification indicates significant hydrothermal alteration occurred during shallow-level deformation in the fault zones. The rock assemblages show that hydrothermal conditions in active faults develop at very shallow levels where seismic energy, heat, and fluids are focused.
Late Pleistocene activity and slip rates at the front of the Malargüe Fold-and-Thrust Belt (Southern Central Andes, Argentina)
Authors:   Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et de leurs Réservoirs - UMR5150-CNRS-TOTAL, Université de Pau et des pays de l’Adour, IPRA, BP 1155, F-64013 Pau Cedex, France, Messager Grégoire , Nivière Bertrand , Lacan Pierre , Regard Vincent , Blanc Eric
Published: October 2024

Hazardous faults in the retro-arc foreland of the southern Central Andes have predominantly been linked to the deformation of the Pampean flat-slab segment (28°S-33°S). There is a perceived decrease in Quaternary thrusting south of 33°S where the underlying subducted slab steepens. This is attributed to the limited documentation of the surface expression of thrusting in this region. Nevertheless, the Malargüe Fold-and-Thrust Belt (FTB; 34-36,30°S) in Argentina is subject to an intense seismic activity with historical earthquakes of magnitudes over 6. We report here evidence of Quaternary tectonic deformation to quantify the current slip rates along the Malargüe FTB thrust front. We have constructed a detailed morpho-structural map of the Sosneado thin-skinned thrust from extensive surface mapping and limited 2D seismic interpretation. The longitudinal profile of the alluvial deposits of the Atuel River reveals two 7 km-wide folds and associated growth strata at the front of the Malargüe FTB. Field investigations have led to the identification of several reverse faults dissecting Quaternary alluvial deposits. New Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides dating of two alluvial terraces (71-75 ± 7 ka) assign their age of abandonment and, consequently, the deformation to the late Pleistocene. We use a simple shear analytical solution to estimate and quantify the cumulated deformation associated with the frontal thrust since the abandonment the alluvial terraces. Results indicate slip rates of about 1.0-1.3 ± 0.2 mm.yr-1 during the late Pleistocene. Structural restoration of the seismic cross section back to mid Miocene (9 Ma) suggests a later shortening of about 1500 m compatible with an average strain rate of only 0.16 mm.yr-1. This suggests that the frontal thrust has been actively deforming during the Quaternary. By comparing the slip rates obtained from our study of the frontal Malargüe FTB with slip rates reported from the Pampean flat-slab zone, we suggest that the Malargüe FTB should be classified as a hazardous thrust system. Our findings indicate that the initial perception of a lack of active deformation and related hazards in the Andean retro-arc foreland related to slab steepness may be skewed.
Transnational guest workers in the 21st century: Gender and the agro-industry in southern Europe
Authors: Ribas-Mateos Natalia , Escrivà Angels , Robins Deirdre
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the contested interconnections between global structures and the living and working conditions of female temporary migrant workers by exploring the transnational condition as a means of understanding intensive and insecure post-Fordist work in late global capitalism, particularly in southern Europe. Building on existing research of migrant work experiences in the agro-business industry, the main part of the article considers three ethnographic questions: What is the impact of the transnational economy on these guest workers’ lives? How does this concept relate to the working lives of women? And how can we understand the impact of intermediaries and global elites in such transnational practices? We employ the concept of transnational space applied to southern Europe alongside notions of “mobility strategies” to advance sociological inquiry into the intersections between different fieldworks – in Andalusia and the Meknes province in Morocco – and the conceptual debate concerning women’s lives and experiences in transnational migration. In this guest worker model, workers who live in one country and work seasonally in another typically come from rural areas and reside abroad in barracks-style accommodations with fellow citizens. What are the challenges for women involved in such a model in terms of recruitment, transportation, work, leisure and return to origin? What space is left for social justice?
Forskning utifrån ett vykort
Authors: Romeis Stefan
Published: October 2024

Jag råkade se ett gammalt vykort från Würzburg i Tyskland från 1897, på internet. Artikeln är en guidad forskningsresa som visarhur jag, med utgångspunkt ifrån vykortet och platsen, kunnat knyta ett av husen på vykortsbilden till en anfader till mig, vilkenbott i huset under första halvan av 1800-talet. Huset har följts över tid via olika typer av källor, vilket har gjort det möjligt att fåfram ett tidsintervall för när vykortsbilden skapades. I forskningen har nästan uteslutande offentliga digitala källor använts.
Percepção dos indivíduos sobre saúde mental e o manejo terapêutico com psicofármacos
Authors: Fernandes Kézia , Araújo Marília Daniella Machado , Zanoti Daniela Viganó , Borba Kátia Pereira de , Malaquias Tatiana da Silva Melo , Marochio Sidiane de Moura , Santos Carlos Eduardo dos
Published: October 2024

Entende-se que a compreensão do indivíduo sobre os problemas de saúde mental pode gerar impacto na busca por atendimento às suas demandas. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre a percepção dos indivíduos sobre saúde mental e o manejo terapêutico com psicofármacos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em uma unidade básica de saúde do município de Guarapuava, Paraná, com 59 pessoas em uso de psicofármacos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre janeiro e maio de 2022. A análise dos dados foi conduzida conforme os passos da análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Obteve-se duas categorias de análise: percepção sobre saúde mental e preconceito; e, o manejo terapêutico dos psicofármacos associados à percepção de saúde mental. Conclui-se que a percepção sobre o conceito de saúde mental pode estar relacionada à adesão ao tratamento, visto que nos relatos de abandono do uso de psicofármacos observou-se associação com o conceito de saúde mental a partir de uma visão estigmatizada.
A (re)educação postural como dimensão da formação humana integral
Authors: Henriques José Nazareno Abraçado , Ribeiro Madison Rocha
Published: October 2024

O texto discorre sobre a concepção de homem e educação integral, pressuposto para a defesa da educação/reeducação física postural, como dimensão da formação humana integral na educação escolar básica. Parte-se da constatação de que, nos últimos anos, o trabalho com a educação/reeducação postural, enquanto objeto de conhecimento e prática pedagógica escolar, vem sendo pouco explorada e difundida, contribuindo, dessa forma, para os crescentes problemas de saúde físico-corporal do ser humano em idade escolar, tais como algias, escoliose, lordose, dentre outros. Trata-se de uma reflexão baseada em produções científicas do campo da Pedagogia e da Educação Física, as quais apontam para a importância de uma formação integral do ser humano, de modo a compreendê-lo em suas múltiplas e integradas dimensões, a saber: física, cognitiva, psicológica, social, política, cultural, ética, espiritual, artística, dentre outras, evidenciando a importância da educação/reeducação postural para a compreensão, desenvolvimento e bem-estar do ser humano.