bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Mechanism of Road Transport Companies in the Financial Management System: Theoretical Aspect
Authors:   Leonid Yuzkov Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Synchak Viktor , Kulbachniy Vladyslav ,   Leonid Yuzkov Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

The war in Ukraine has had a destructive effect on the economic activity of road transport companies, the organization of their financial relations, the management of financial resources, and, therefore, on the financial mechanism. The article aims to reveal the essence of the financial mechanism of road transport companies in the financial management system. The authors investigated and summarized the main approaches to revealing the essence of the financial mechanism. It was found that the financial mechanism is considered 1) a means of influence and 2) a financial management system. The article defines financial mechanism taking into account the purpose and principles of the functioning of state finances and the finances of economic entities in combination with the final results achieved through financial support and financial regulation – functions that create a relationship between the financial mechanisms of the micro and macro level in the system financial management. In addition, an essential component of the financial mechanism is a system of financial instruments and indicators of primary (national and local taxes and fees, a single contribution, etc.) and secondary influence (subsidies, bank loans, etc.), thanks to which its primary functions are realized. The authors propose considering the financial mechanism of road transport companies in the financial management system in a broad and narrow sense. In a broad sense, the financial mechanism of road transport companies manages financial resources. In a narrow sense, the financial mechanism of road transport companies is connected, firstly, with the internal option, which concerns the organization of financial relations, and, secondly, with the external option, which involves a set of forms and methods of external and internal influence for the formation, accumulation and use of financial resources. The results of the study show that although the financial mechanism of road transport companies has its characteristics, it is interconnected with the financial mechanism of the state. So, any changes in the latter will affect the components of the first.
Car Brands in a Competitive Environment: How Are They Building Their Value Creation Processes?
Authors:   British Council Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Ambarchian Margaryta , Berezkin Ivan ,   European University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

A value creation process, usually presented in the form of a complex flowchart and placed at the beginning of a report, describes the material and financial inputs and outputs of the commercial process, as well as the corporate philosophy, core values, strengths, key issues, management policies or business strategies. This article is devoted to analyzing the content and structure of global car brands' value chains and value creation processes. The purpose of the research is to find out what is the vision of the own processes of value creation by car manufacturers, identify indicators that are used to assess capital inflows and outflows, and single out the features of value chains specific to the automobile industry. The information base of the research is the annual or integrated reports of five global car brands – Mazda, Nissan, Suzuki, Saab, and Isuzu. The authors used scientific methods of generalization, grouping, comparison, and induction to process the collected data. Based on the analysis of the value creation process schemes presented in the annual/integrated reports, the structure and composition of the value creation processes are outlined in tabular form for each car manufacturer. It was found that the approaches to revealing the structure of value-creation processes in the researched reporting are similar in most respects. The study results show that all value chains contain the primary stage, where resources are attracted for further production; the middle link, where production is actually carried out; and the final link, which is directed to the delivery of products to the final consumer. The article defines the structural elements of capital inputs, upward activity, operations, downward activity and capital outputs as stages of the value-creation process of car manufacturers.
Organizational and Methodical Approaches to the Introduction of Mass Damage Assessment
Authors:   ", Zhuk Valerii ,   Institute of Agrarian Economics",   National Scientific Centre, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bezdushna Yuliіa ,   "Institute of Agrarian Economics" National Scientific Centre, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shenderivska Yuliіa ,   "Institute of Agrarian Economics" National Scientific Centre, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

Periodically, the government and experts declare hundreds of billions of US dollars in war losses incurred by Ukraine. However, this is a generalized assessment. Object-by-object expert assessment has an inconsiderable application; it should be creative and, in particular, consider industry specifics. Today, the most unsolved issues are precisely the mass object-by-object assessment of damage and losses caused by the war. The article's purpose is to justify organizational approaches to the introduction of mass assessment of losses and the development and testing of such evaluation methodology based on individual agricultural enterprises. The research uses calculation methods and the methodology of expert monetary assessment. The authors used the analysis method to calculate the research enterprise's average annual pre-war performance indicators; methods of generalization and comparison are applied in analyzing its financial and economic activity based on indicators of financial and statistical reporting. An analysis of the functioning of state and international registers of losses was carried out. Information about the Unified digital integrated information and analytical system for managing the reconstruction of real estate, construction, and infrastructure objects has been disclosed. To implement existing compensation policies for destroyed, damaged property and direct and indirect losses of enterprises, approaches to the introduction of mass assessment of losses are proposed. On the example of indirect losses of agricultural enterprises, which they suffered due to the impossibility of using agricultural land, the article presents an approach to introducing mass assessment of losses. The proposed organizational approach and methodical procedure for calculating indirect losses (lost profit) of agricultural enterprises from the war provides for the introduction of an object-by-object approach accessible to accountants, simplified application of mathematical and program-table methods, which will allow reliably, objectively (documentally confirmed) to determine losses without excessive financial costs related to the payment of third-party examinations.
Health Informatics Curriculum Implication Development and Trend
Authors: Luvsantseren Purevdolgor , Luvsan-Ish Ajnai , Sandag Oyuntsetseg , Tsend Javzmaa , Tileubai Akhit , Chilhaasuren Baasandorj , Puntsagdash Jargalbat , Chuluunbaatar Galbadrakh
Published: October 2024

In Mongolia, about twenty IT departments operate in level I, II, and III hospitals. Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS) has already released 14 IT classes, and as a result, we propose to study the effectiveness and implementation of the program. They were asked questions on workplace weaknesses and strengths, employment requirements, compatibility, or evaluation of the specialist's knowledge and skills, the specialist's market demands, and future attitudes in the survey. A database was created for the satisfaction survey and other questionnaires, and its cluster analysis was conducted using MS Excel. Five satisfaction levels were utilized to assess responses: “excellent,” “good,” “moderate,” “bad,” and “very bad.”. The program's graduates were surveyed using a simple random sampling method. The 84.5% of graduates, according to the labor market share study, are employed by the Department of Health, hospitals II and III levels, and other academic institutions. Additionally, 68% of graduates are employed in jobs related to informatics, health specialists, and network engineering, respectively. The 85 percent of employers expressed satisfaction as “excellent” or "good." In terms of how well they match market demands, acquired knowledge and skills, and contemporary development trends, 53% of all courses have an average level of satisfaction, and 47% have a level of satisfaction that is below average.
Glaucoma - A Window into Future Neurodegeneration
Authors:   Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, Singh Chevy , Wang Ting ,   Eugene & Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Published: October 2024

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Recent studies propose glaucoma to be a neurodegenerative disease due to overlap with diagnoses such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Emerging reports have linked glaucoma as a risk factor for future certain neurodegenerative diseases, however, results have been conflicting. The development of degenerative brain disease consists of both a genetic and environmental component. If diagnosed with glaucoma, patients should take additional measurements to reduce the likelihood of developing additional nerve cell loss.
An Investigation of Fan-shaped Film Cooling in High Pressure Turbine Using RANS Simulation and Neural Network Method
Authors:   School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Guan Yanmin , Liu Xiaohua ,   School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; +  Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center
Published: October 2024

Film Cooling is used to protect the high-pressure turbine blade in advanced aero engines from high-temperature gases. The numerical simulation outcome and the accuracy of RANS simulation are significantly affected by mesh size, mesh quality, as well as flow conditions, and geometric parameters, etc. In many of these deep representations help the model current studies and design optimizations, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is deployed with deep machine learning, with dataset often generated based on CFD simulations of the cooling effectiveness of film cooling holes. A revisit of the influencing factors is thus necessary in the numerical modelling of the fan-shaped film cooling holes. In the present work, firstly, a variety of flow and geometric parameters are studied including the blowing ratio, injection angle, laidback angle, and the lateral angle, etc. The optimum blowing ratio at which best cooling efficiency is reached differs for different geometries of the hole. The various design parameters and flow conditions of fan-shaped hole are interrelated and comprehensive considerations must be carefully carried out. Secondly, the numerical results are used as input datasets for several neural network models. Different neural network architectures are used to predict the film cooling effectiveness. The outcomes demonstrate that a well-designed neural network model can be used to predict film cooling with high accuracy within a tiny fraction of computing time, even though the dataset is small at present. Finally, the sparrow search algorithm integrated with the GRU model was adopted to optimize the parameters of the cooling hole within the design space. This again indicates that neural network method is a powerful tool with great potential for direct numerical design and optimization of massive number of film cooling holes on an entire blade.
HUBUNGAN TRANSEPIDERMAL WATER LOSS TERHADAP DERAJAT KEPARAHAN PADA PASIEN PSORIASIS VULGARIS
Authors: Oktafiani Anindya , Irawanto Muhammad Eko
Published: October 2024

Pendahuluan: Psoriasis Vulgaris (PV) yaitu penyakit kulit yang bersifat kronis residif, ditandai adanya bercak eritema berbatas tegas disertai skuama tebal berwarna putih mengkilat dengan predileksi di daerah siku, lutut, punggung, kuku jari dan kulit kepala. Skala pengukuran yang paling umum digunakan dalam mengidentifikasi keparahan psoriasis adalah nilai psoriasis area severity index (PASI). Kerusakan barier kulit dan penyakit sistemik seperti psoriasis dapat menyebabkan gangguan trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan TEWL terhadap derajat keparahan PV berdasarkan skor PASI. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan studi crosectional yang dilakukan pada pasien dengan diagnosis PV di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RS Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Foto klinis pasien dilakukan untuk menilai skor PASI serta pengukuran TEWL menggunakan alat tewameter. Semua data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Scient(SPSS) versi 21 kemudian dilakukan uji korelasi spearman rank dan nilai p <0,05 dianggap terdapat hubungan signifikan. Hasil: Dua puluh enam pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Berdasarkan skor PASI didapatkan 12 pasien dengan derajat psoriasis berat, 3 derajat sedang, dan 11 derajat ringan. Nilai TEWL pada psoriasis ringan, sedang, dan berat masing-masing adalah 8,59 +5,82, 9,60 +5,27, dan 16,65 +6,26.
Analisis statistik memperoleh korelasi yang sangat kuat antara TEWL dan tingkat keparahan PV (r=0,621; p=0,001). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara TEWL dengan derajat keparahan PV yang dinilai berdasarkan skor PASI.
Kata kunci: PASI, psoriasis vulgaris, TEWL
IDENTITY AND SCHOOL POLICY IN THE MULTICULTURAL WORLD: ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Martynova Marina Yu.
Published: October 2024

This article examines existing approaches to educating young people in culturally diverse societies from the perspective of a social anthropologist, drawing on examples of school policies from various countries. The topics of nation and citizen in pedagogy, as well as the challenges of educating students from diverse ethno-cultural backgrounds, are central concerns for government bodies in most nations. The author explores the lessons Russia can learn from the experiences of other countries, focusing on the relationship between educational policy concepts and the formation of various identities within the population (national, ethnic, regional, local, etc.). Education is recognized as a powerful tool that can both construct and mitigate cultural differences, including linguistic ones, within society. The degree to which the multiculturalism of a civil nation is acknowledged can vary, impacting the practical implementation of educational policies for young people and other age groups. In preparing the younger generation for life in a multilingual and multicultural society, it is crucial to strike a balance between the ethnocultural needs of individual citizens and the goals of consolidating the population in the interests of a unified state.
ETHNOCULTURAL PRACTICES AND TRADITIONS OF CIVIC AND PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana Yu.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the techniques and technologies employed in the indoctrination of the patriotic civic idea in modern Russian society with the objective of strengthening and spreading it. The paper identifies and examines the positive social and cultural practices that contribute to the formation of patriotism in the multiethnic environment of the North Caucasus. It considers the potential for these practices to be scaled up on a national level. The authors conceptualize patriotism as a phenomenon of public relation, examining its regional manifestations and their relationship with ethno-cultural, ethno-political, historical and cultural properties of regional communities. The article also presents the results of a discourse analysis of the idea of patriotism in scientific papers published in the subjects of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus with an emphasis on the resource of ethnopedagogy. The authors conclude that in this context patriotism is closely connected with ethno-patriotism based on the historical past, on the heroization of mythological characters of the peoples of the North Caucasus. The formation of patriotism is facilitated by the involvement of pupils in folk art and military-patriotic education. Furthermore, expert opinions confirm the existence of a significant resource for the formation of patriotism in the ethno-cultural heritage of the peoples of the North Caucasus.
COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES AS A FORM OF MENTORING TO PRESERVE THE MEMORY OF THE PAST OF THE FAMILY AND KIN COMMUNITY
Authors: Busyreva Elena V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to commemorative practices as a form of mentoring. The role of heritage is played by family archives and relics, which contribute to the formation and preservation of family memory and knowledge about the kin community. Families may collect their archives spontaneously, under the influence of social, everyday and individual psychological needs. In the case of mentoring, learning how to preserve information about family history and specific individuals is done purposefully. The study is based on the author’s fieldwork in 2009 — 2023 among the families of Baltic-Finnish and German ancestry (mainly multiethnic) living in the Murmansk region. Most of these families suffered from the Stalinist repressions, since the Finns and Germans were considered “unreliable”. The need for commemorative activities arose because for many decades it was taboo in families to mention the “undesirable” social or ethnic origin. As a result, many facts about the past of the kin and about individual members of such families have been lost. The problem is that some descendants do not realize the need to reconstruct the family history. The purpose of the study is to record and show the process and results of families’ efforts to preserve their memory and to find out whether this experience and its value are transmitted within family groups. The study used oral history methods and the comparative historical method to analyze the data obtained. The article provides examples of mentoring, expressed in the involvement of family members in creating an archive, compiling family trees, collecting photographic material, preserving relics and family traditions. The results show that the preservation and transmission of family memory largely depends on the cultural level of the family and, above all, on representatives of the older generation who act as mentors.
THE TATARS OF KOSTANAI REGION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION AND BIG TERROR (1917–1930)
Authors: Makhmutov Zufar А. 
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the Kostanay’s region Tatars within the context of a shift in the political paradigm. In pre-revolutionary times, almost the entire territory of the modern Kostanay region was incorporated into the Turgai region of the Russian Empire. The Tatars began to intensively populate this region starting from the second half of the 19th century, settling primarily in the cities of Kustanay (now Kostanay), Turgai (now Torgay) and in the village of Semiozernoye (now Auliekol). They were mainly engaged in trade, agriculture, religious activities and education. Tatar merchants and clergy played an important role in the life of their diaspora. They ensured the functioning and development of national educational and religious institutions. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the civil war on the Tatar community in the region. It was found that as a result of the change of power, almost the entire previous national elite and some representatives of the new one were eliminated or forced to leave the region. The article is based on archival materials (including the personal files of those who were repressed), memoirs of descendants, periodicals and legal documents from that period.
THE DON KOREANS AS A PART OF THE KORYO-SARAM ETHNIC COMMUNITY IN RUSSIA
Authors: Radchenko Andrey N.
Published: October 2024

The article presents a historical account of the formation of the Korean local ethnic group (Koryo-saram) on the territory of the former USSR. It delineates the distinctive cultural, linguistic and social characteristics of the Koryo-saram, which emerged during 150 years of independent residence first in the Russian Empire, then in the USSR and later in the Republics of the former Soviet Union. The article highlights the distinction between the Don Koreans and other Korean diasporas, such as the Sakhalin diaspora. It is asserted that the historical, cultural and linguistic links of the Koryo-saram originate from the northern part of Korea. The article employs materials derived from the author’s observations, which entailed continuous communication with representatives of the Korean diaspora for a period exceeding 15 years. Additionally, the author served as the executive director of the Association of Koreans of the Rostov Region for a year and a half.
THE CRANIAL DIVERSITY OF THE MODERN POPULATION OF EASTERN EUROPE
Authors: Pestriakov Aleksandr P.  , Grigorieva Olga M. , Rashkovskaya (Pelenitsyna) Yulia V.  , Fedorchuk Olga A. 
Published: October 2024

This paper continues the extensive study of cranial samples representing modern populations worldwide. 11 traits were selected to study neurocranial shape and size. All data come from published sources and cover 6 ethnoterritorial groups: 1) Slavic (mostly Russian) samples from the East European Plain, 2) non-Slavic (mostly Finnish-speaking) samples from the same area, 3) samples from the three Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), 4) Bashkir samples from the Southern Urals, 5) samples representing the indigenous population of the North Caucasus, 6) samples from Transcaucasia. Cranial analysis has assigned all these samples to several different variants of the same panecumenic craniotype called Holarctides. The Slavic and non-Slavic samples from the East European Plain proved to be particularly close in size and cranial shape. There are two epochal processes in the Holarctid craniotype: a gradual decrease in the overall size of the skull and an increase in its spherification. This is most active in places where there are rapid social processes of mixing of different ethnic groups, which always accompany the formation of state structures. The North Caucasian skull sample differs little from the Slavic and non-Slavic samples of the Eastern European Plain in the shape of the skull, but is significantly larger in size. Bashkir cranial samples have the lowest cranial vault.
TEXTS NOTATED WITH “KRIUKI” IN THE ICONS OF THE URALS
Authors: Mikheeva Anna  A.
Published: October 2024

The article examines cases of inclusion of liturgical chants notated with “kriuki”(“hooks”) in the icons from the collection of the Nevyansk Icon Museum (Ekaterinburg). A total of three such icons were found in the collection: all of them date back to the first half of the 19th century, two of them belong to the Nevyansk school, and one to the Krasnoufimsk school. In studying them, the author tries to answer a number of questions. First, to what extent is the inclusion of texts with “kriuki” unique for icon painting, and, if so, what does their presence in Ural icons say about regional icon painting? Secondly, why would one write a line with “kriuki” for hymnography on icons? Thirdly, how do texts with “kriuki” enrich an icon as a historical source, how do they affect the value of icons as sources of information? For each icon, the author attributes the texts of the chants, their notation and melodies, and suggests the reasons for the choice of the prayer in each case. The results of the study suggest a close relationship between the book-manuscript tradition and icon painting among the Old Believers of the Urals. The author comes to the conclusion that the texts with “kriuki” in icons are specific to Ural icon painting and were chosen because the icons of the Nevyansk and Krasnoufimsk schools were exclusively custom-made and in each of the three cases fulfilled the wishes of the customers.
Optimal Control Strategies for Reliable Operation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations under Fault Tolerant Scenarios
Authors: Sharma Swati , Amir Mohammad , Alotaibi Majed A. , Malik Hasmat , Afthanorhan Asyraf , Ustun Taha Selim
Published: October 2024

With an increasing prominence of electric vehicles (EVs) in sustainable transportation, it demands a robust and steady charging infrastructure. The widespread adoption of EVs into the transportation ecosystem hinges on continuous and reliable operation of charging stations (CSs). This paper delves its focus on reliability and resilience of EV chargers using various fault-tolerant (FT) techniques. It also analyzes the EV chargers’ failure scenarios such as hardware malfunctions and power outages which can disrupt the charging process. To evaluate these strategies, advanced FT algorithms and system reconfiguration protocols has been analyzed. Also, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) act as key performance indicator which indicates the reduction from 60% to -40% with diminished current and voltage variations and enhanced grid stability. The extensive real-world research and simulations on charging scenarios reflects the key performance metrics with 95% charging efficiency and fault recovery times of 0.8 seconds at 180 Volts. This research evaluates the compatibility and cost-effectiveness of these strategies with diverse EV models. Ultimately, the findings highlight the effectiveness and practicality of FT techniques for EV chargers providing valuable insights for infrastructure developers and ensures a reliable EV charging fostering consumer trust and accelerating the global transition to electric mobility.
Some Cryptographic Properties of Functions Based on their 2q-Nega-Hadamard Transform
Authors: Singh Deep , Mohanta Bibhuti Bhusan , Paul Amit , Kumar Jatinder , Singh Rajwinder
Published: October 2024

Negabent functions play a vital role in the field of cryptography and coding theory for designing secure cryptosystems. In this article, we investigate the various properties of 2q-nega-Hadamard transform (2q-NHT) of the functions from Z_q^n to Z_2q with q≥2 is a positive integer. We discuss the 2q-NHT of the derivative of these functions and develop a connection between 2q-walsh-Hadamard transform (2q-WHT) and 2q-NHT for the derivative of these functions. Also, we show that the dual g ̃ of g∈B_(n,q) is 2q-bent if N_g (ϑ)=ω^(g ̃(ϑ)) for all ϑ∈Z_q^n. The 2q-nega convolution transform theorem for the current setup is obtained. Further, we have obtained the 2q-NHT of composition of generalized vectorial function and generalized function.
Consumer Inertia to Continued use of Mobile Payment Services for Retail Transactions: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Mathew Sunil George
Published: October 2024

In retail transactions, mobile payment services (MPS) can potentially replace cash, particularly in developing nations that lack card-swipe machines. Due to the concern that currency notes could spread diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak, digital payments saw a rise in popularity as a practical payment alternative. The extended period of the pandemic resulted in an extended period of continued usage, even for new users. Despite having a lengthy trial period, user-friendly interfaces, and greater fungibility than cash, MPS did not find widespread acceptance, and cash still predominates in retail transactions. There is a lot of research on technology adoption, however there is considerably less on usage retention. While there is some literature on continued use of technology, the main factor for discontinuation or reduction of usage is the lack of satisfaction. With MPS, satisfaction is rarely an issue, yet users limit the extent of their usage. In the context of retail transactions, this research explicitly examines continued usage following extensive initial use. The Gioia method of grounded theory was used to investigate the factors preventing continued use of MPS for retail transactions. The qualitative interviews were carried out among users in an emerging economy that is a leader in MPS adoption and use. To explain the barriers to the continued use of beneficial technology, this study proposes a conceptualization of consumer decision inertia with three dimensions categorized as deep-rooted habits, vicarious indifference, and kairotic uncertainty. This insight would be beneficial to MPS organizations not just in developing countries but even for developed economies. The conceptualization of consumer decision inertia also offers insights that can be applied in the context of sustained usage of other consumer-facing technologies.
Effective removal of host cell-derived nucleic acids bound to hepatitis B core antigen virus-like particles by heparin chromatography
Authors: Valentic Angela , Hubbuch Jürgen
Published: October 2024

Virus-like particles (VLPs) show considerable potential for a wide array of therapeutic applications, spanning from vaccines targeting infectious diseases to applications in cancer immunotherapy and drug delivery. In the context of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) VLPs, a promising candidate for gene delivery approaches, the naturally occurring nucleic acid (NA) binding region is commonly utilized for effective binding of various types of therapeutic nucleic acids (NAther). During formation of the HBcAg VLPs, host cell-derived nucleic acids (NAhc) might be associated to the NA binding region, and are thus encapsulated into the VLPs. Following a VLP harvest, the NAhc need to be removed effectively before loading the VLP with NAther. Various techniques reported in literature for this NAhc removal, including enzymatic treatments, alkaline treatment, and lithium chloride precipitation, lack quantitative evidence of sufficient NAhc removal accompanied by a subsequent high VLP protein recovery. In this study, we present a novel heparin chromatography-based process for effective NAhc removal from HBcAg VLPs. Six HBcAg VLP constructs with varying lengths of the NA binding region and diverse NAhc loadings were subjected to evaluation. Process performance was thoroughly examined through NAhc removal and VLP protein recovery analyses. Hereby, reversed phase chromatography combined with UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as silica spin column-based chromatography coupled with dye-based fluorescence assay were employed. Additionally, alternative process variants, comprising sulfate chromatography and additional nuclease treatments, were investigated. Comparative analyses were conducted with LiCl precipitation and alkaline treatment procedures to ascertain the efficacy of the newly developed chromatography-based methods. Results revealed the superior performance of the heparin chromatography procedure in achieving high NAhc removal and concurrent VLP protein recovery. Furthermore, nuanced relationships between NA binding region length and NAhc removal efficiency were elucidated. Hereby, the construct Cp157 surpassed the other constructs in the heparin process by demonstrating high NAhc removal and VLP protein recovery. Among the other process variants minimal performance variations were observed for the selected constructs Cp157 and Cp183. However, the heparin chromatography-based process consistently outperformed other methods, underscoring its superiority in NAhc removal and VLP protein recovery.
Stemona alkaloid derivative induce ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cell by mediating carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
Authors: Yang He , Wang Ling , Zhang Mengcheng , Wu Xingkang , Li Zhenyu , Ma Kaiqing
Published: October 2024

Accumulation of acylcarnitines is a characteristic feature of various metabolic disorders affecting fatty acid metabolism. Despite extensive research, no specific molecules have been identified to induce ferroptosis through the regulation of acylcarnitine metabolism. In this study, acylcarnitine accumulation was identified based on cell metabolomics study after the treatment with Stemona alkaloid derivative (SA-11), which was proved to induce ferroptosis in our previous research. Furthermore, the CPT-1 level was proved to significantly increase, while the CPT-2 level indicated no significant difference, which resulted in the accumulation of acylcarnitine. Besides, the ferroptosis-inducing ability of SA-11 was significantly enhanced by the addition of exogenous acylcarnitine, presumably due to the production of additional ROS. This hypothesis was corroborated by the observation of increased ROS levels in HCT-116 cells treated with SA-11 compared to the control group. These findings suggest that targeting acylcarnitine metabolism, particularly through CPT-1, may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment by enhancing ferroptosis induction.
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Capsicum pepper aqueous extracts against plant pathogens and food spoilage fungi
Authors: Sepúlveda Marcela , Costa Jéssica , Cayún Yasna , Gallardo Víctor , Barría Elsa , Rigotto Caruso Glaucia , von Zeska Kress Marcia Regina , Cornejo Pablo , Santos Cledir
Published: October 2024

Capsicum pepper is a rich source of phytochemical compounds such as capsaicinoids, phenols, flavonoids, and so forth. Due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential all of these compounds have been assessed and used for both human and plant health benefits. Herein, three fresh varieties of Capsicum annuum (Cacho de Cabra, Bell pepper, and Hungarian Wax varieties) and one fresh and ripe variety of C. baccatum (Cristal) were evaluated. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin and the phenolic content of Capsicum spp. extracts were characterised. The antifungal potential of capsaicinoids and antioxidant activities, and the ecotoxicity of each Capsicum spp. extract, using the model Galleria mellonella, were also evaluated. Phytochemical analyses showed that the Cristal and Hungarian Wax varieties presented the highest amount of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nordihydrocapsaicin; while Bell Pepper had the highest phenol content and antioxidant activity. Capsaicinoids’ standards and Capsicum spp. extracts showed fungistatic activity against the fungal strains assessed. For the fungal strains assessed, the fungistatic activities of capsaicinoids’ standards were higher than those observed in Capsicum spp. extracts. The Hungarian Wax extracts inhibited slightly the growth of Aspergillus niger MUM05.11 and Fusarium oxysporum MUM16.143. Similarly, A. niger, F. oxysporum, Rhizopus arrhizus MUM16.05 and Alternaria sp. UFRO17.178 had their growth retarded by the use of Cacho de Cabra and Cristal extracts. Noticeable changes were observed in the fungal strains’ morphologies, such as the presence of fragile fungal structures, pigmentation loss, variation in the reproductive structures size and the conidia number. Capsicum extracts weaken the growth of fungi, indicating their fungistatic potential. Considering the fungistatic potential and non-ecotoxicity of these extracts, it is possible to suggest their use as a tool for pest management in the agri-food sector, controlling the growth and reproduction of fungi without posing a risk to non-target biodiversity.
Global status and emerging contribution of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) towards the ‘30x30’ biodiversity Target 3
Authors: Jonas Harry D. , Bingham Heather C. , Bennett Nathan J. , Woodley Stephen , Zlatanova Ryan , Howland Emily , Belle Elise , Upton Jasmin , Gottlieb Bex , Kamath Vignesh , Lessmann Janeth , Delli Giacomo , Dubois Grégoire , Ahmadia Gabby , Claudet Joachim , Cook Carly , Deza Johana , Grorud-Colvert Kirsten , Gurney Georgina , Lemieux Christopher J. , Ruiz Lucia
Published: October 2024

Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) are sites outside of protected areas that deliver the effective, long-term conservation of biodiversity. Both protected areas and OECMs contribute to the implementation of the Global Biodiversity Framework’s Target 3, which calls for the conservation of 30% of marine, terrestrial and inland water areas by 2030. This paper provides the first global assessment of the contribution of OECMs to GBF Target 3. Between 2019 and 2023, 820 sites in nine countries and territories were reported to the World Database on OECMs, covering 1.9 million km2 of the Earth’s surface and, in the terrestrial realm, contributing over 1% to the 30% coverage target. Notably, over 50% of reported OECMs are under governance by governments and less than 2% are governed by Indigenous peoples and local communities. In countries and territories that have reported OECMs, a far greater proportion of OECMs than protected areas are under shared governance (40.9% compared to 2.5%), and collaborative governance is the most common governance sub-type among reported OECMs. This paper finds that almost 30% of the 820 reported OECMs overlap with identified Key Biodiversity Areas, which are one global classification of areas of particular importance for biodiversity. With Target 3’s pressing deadline of 2030, there is an urgent need to scale up understanding and local to national engagement with the OECM framework, ensuring that it fulfills its potential to recognize diverse forms of equitable governance and effective conservation.
Blue crimes and ocean harmscapes: strategies for tackling Transnational Maritime Environmental Crimes in the Global South
Authors: Hübschle Annette , Lindley Jade
Published: October 2024

Transnational Maritime Environmental Crimes (TMEC) pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, biodiversity, and the socio-economic sustainability of coastal communities, particularly in the Global South. These crimes, including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and the trafficking of marine species, demand innovative and inclusive governance strategies. This paper employs a multi-method approach, incorporating a comprehensive literature review and two case studies: IUU fishing in the Philippines and sea cucumber trafficking in the Seychelles. The carrot-and-stick approach, alongside whole-of-society perspectives and principles of southern blue criminology, is used to analyze the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks and incentives aimed at reducing TMEC. Findings from the case studies indicate that regulatory frameworks alone are insufficient to combat TMEC. The integration of community-based strategies, incentives for compliance, and penalties for violations fosters behavioral change among states and individuals. The whole-of-society approach, involving governments, corporations, civil society, and local communities, proves critical in designing effective regulatory measures. By leveraging the carrot-and-stick methodology and emphasizing the inclusion of all stakeholders, this paper highlights the potential for gender-sensitive, socio-ecologically informed solutions that align with Sustainable Development Goal 14. The integration of southern blue criminology principles ensures that governance frameworks are tailored to the unique socio-economic contexts of the Global South, promoting global cooperation to combat TMEC and protect marine environments.
Integrating AI with medical industry chain data: enhancing clinical nutrition research through semantic knowledge graphs
Authors: Chen Deng , Lu ChengJie , Bai HongPeng , Xia Kaijian , Zheng Meilian
Published: October 2024

In clinical nutrition research, the medical industry chain generates a wealth of multidimensional spatial data across various formats, including text, images, and semi-structured tables. This data’s inherent heterogeneity and diversity present significant challenges for processing and mining, which are further compounded by the data’s diverse features, which are difficult to extract. To address these challenges, we propose an innovative integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with the medical industry chain data, focusing on constructing semantic knowledge graphs and extracting core features. These knowledge graphs are pivotal for efficiently acquiring insights from the vast and granular big data within the medical industry chain. Our study introduces the Clinical Feature Extraction Knowledge Mapping (CFEKM) model, designed to augment the attributes of medical industry chain knowledge graphs through an entity extraction method grounded in syntactic dependency rules. The CFEKM model is applied to real and large-scale datasets within the medical industry chain, demonstrating robust performance in relation extraction, data complementation, and feature extraction. It achieves superior results to several competitive baseline methods, highlighting its effectiveness in handling medical industry chain data complexities. By representing compact semantic knowledge in a structured knowledge graph, our model identifies knowledge gaps and enhances the decision-making process in clinical nutrition research.
The impact of augmented reality on education: a bibliometric exploration
Authors: Singh Swati , Kaur Amanpreet , Gulzar Yonis
Published: October 2024

Education is one of the many sectors in which augmented reality has been successfully implemented. To determine how Augmented Reality (AR) supports education, this bibliometric study analyzes 1734 articles extracted from the Scopus database between 2010 and mid-2023. The study aimed to determine patterns in productivity, authorship and collaboration patterns, publications, citation structures, general research tendencies, and bibliographic coupling. Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were employed in this investigation. The outcomes of the study indicate an ongoing trend of increasing publication counts or more contributions since 2016, and still a trending topic studies on interactive learning environments and AR in education and knowledge constitute niche areas, while epidemiology, science education, and mobile augmented reality are important research topics that were underdeveloped and indicate a relationship that is both emerging and declining, based on a thematic analysis of the papers. Furthermore, the outcomes demonstrate that the USA, Spain, and the United Kingdom have the strongest global cooperation despite the USA writing more articles. To offer an ideal road map for scholars who would like to carry out research in this area, this paper also looks at the trendsetting in augmented reality in education.
The association of plasma asprosin with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in Korean children and adolescents
Authors: Kim Shin-Hee , Kim Sung Eun , Chun Yoon Hong
Published: October 2024

Background

This study aimed to determine the correlation of plasma asprosin with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in Korean children and adolescents.

Methods

This single-center study included 109 Korean children and adolescents: 62 (56.9%) obese participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile and 47 (43.1%) healthy controls with BMI between the 15th and 85th percentile. Metabolic parameters were measured, including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, and lipid profiles.

Results

Plasma asprosin levels were higher in the obese group than in the control group (mean 87.0 vs. 69.3 ng/mL; p = 0.001) and in the IR group than in the non-IR group (mean 98.6 vs. 70.2 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Plasma asprosin levels were not associated with sex or pubertal stage. Plasma asprosin levels were positively correlated with BMI SDS (r = 0.34; p = 0.002), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = 0.25; p = 0.02), glucose (r = 0.33; p = 0.002), insulin (r = 0.44; p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.47; p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (r = 0.33; p = 0.003), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = -0.29; p = 0.008), and TyG index (r = 0.38; p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that plasma asprosin levels were independently associated with HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) and TG/HDL cholesterol ratio (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated an association between plasma asprosin levels and obesity and insulin resistance in Korean children and adolescents.
Research on coastline extraction and dynamic change from remote sensing images based on deep learning
Authors: Lv Qingzhe , Wang Qi , Song Xiaoli , Ge Binfu , Guan Hao , Lu Tongtong , Tao Zui
Published: October 2024

Accurate coastline extraction is crucial for the scientific management and protection of coastal zones. Due to the diversity of ground object details and the complexity of terrain in remote sensing images, the segmentation of sea and land faces challenges such as unclear segmentation boundaries and discontinuous coastline contours. To address these issues, this study improve the accuracy and efficiency of coastline extraction by improving the DeepLabv3+ model. Specifically, this study constructs a sea-land segmentation network, DeepSA-Net, based on strip pooling and coordinate attention mechanisms. By introducing dynamic feature connections and strip pooling, the connection between different branches is enhanced, capturing a broader context. The introduction of coordinate attention allows the model to integrate coordinate information during feature extraction, thereby allowing the model to capture longer-distance spatial dependencies. Experimental results has shown that the model can achieves a land-sea segmentation mean intersection over union (mIoU) ration and Recall of over 99% on all datasets. Visual assessment results show more complete edge details of sea-land segmentation, confirming the model’s effectiveness in complex coastal environments. Finally, using remote sensing data from a coastal area in China as an application instance, coastline extraction and dynamic change analysis were implemented, providing new methods for the scientific management and protection of coastal zones.
Impacts of land use structures on ecosystem services relationships within specialized tea planting regions: a case study of Anxi County
Authors: Bao Jingling , Li Wen , Zhu Jieru , Fan Shuisheng , Mao Liyu
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand for tea has resulted in the swift expansion of tea plantations, leading to significant alterations in the local ecosystem. This has garnered considerable attention. However, research on rationally modifying land use structures (LUSs) in specialized tea regions to achieve a balance with ecosystem services (ESs) and enhance their synergistic effects remains limited. In this study, we quantified the values of water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), carbon storage (CS), and habitat quality (HQ) by the InVEST model, utilized K-means clustering to categorize the LUSs of the village areas in Anxi County from 2010 to 2020, and then investigated the influences of the LUSs on the ESs by the improvement of the constraint line tool, according to which we utilized the ecosystem services trade-off degree (ESTD) and the Pearson correlation coefficient to explore the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services. The findings indicated that: (1) LUSs in Anxi County are tea garden structure (TS), forest land-tea garden structure (FTS), and construction land-cropland-tea garden structure (CCTS); (2) In LUSs, to achieve a balance among WY, SC, CS, and HQ, the dominant land use proportions were as follows: 0.5 for tea plantations in TS; a range of 0.55–0.6 for forest land and 0.05–0.1 for tea plantations in FTS; and CCTS, 0.25–0.3 for built-up land, 0–0.1 for cropland, and 0.2 for tea plantations; (3) The trade-offs and synergies of ESs vary across different LUSs. The synergy is particularly evident in FTS. Increasing the quantity of forest area is helpful in enhancing the synergy of ESs. This study offers an analysis of the effect of LUSs on ESs and their interconnections in specialized tea planting regions. It serves as a valuable insight into informing urban planning for future land usage and ecological conservation efforts.