bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Personality Traits and Situational Factors as Determinants of Aggression
Authors: Hasan Youssef , Eldous Hanady
Published: October 2020

Background:

Over the years, different explanations have been given for the difference between personality traits and situational factors regarding how they affect our behavior. The present study investigates the role of personality traits versus situational factors in aggressive behavior.

Objective:

The purpose of this research was to examine whether situations in which participants are made to feel angry are more powerful than personality traits in determining aggressive behavior.

Methods:

Forty-eight women students from Qatar University (M= 21.73,SD=4.43) completed the 200-item ZKA Personality Questionnaire, which measures aggressiveness, neuroticism, activity, extraversion and sensation-seeking, and the 7-item trait anger scale from the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Following an experimental situation that triggered anger by an interpersonal insult, the participants were randomly assigned to an anger-induced group (experimental condition) or a nonanger-induced group (control condition). Afterwards, the participants completed the hot sauce paradigm to assess aggressive behavior.

Results:

The results showed a significant difference between the anger and nonanger groups regarding aggressive behavior. However, no significant correlation was found between any facets of the personality questionnaire or the trait anger scale and aggressive behavior.

Conclusion:

Situational influence is more powerful than personality traits and trait anger in determining aggressive behavior. These findings are discussed based on the debate addressing the influence of situational or person-specific traits in determining actual behavior.
Crocin Protects Against Beta-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells Via the PI3 K Pathway
Authors: Taheri Reyhaneh , Hadipour Elham , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra
Published: October 2020

Background:

Crocin is a known compound with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties which may help to reduce the progression of neurological disorders. In this study, we
aimed to investigate the protective effects of crocin on beta-amyloid peptide Aβ (1-40) and hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Methods:

PC12 cells were pretreated with crocin and donepezil (5 and 10 μM) for 2 h and then
treated with Aβ (1-40) (25 μM) for 24 h. In parallel, after pretreatment with crocin (5 and 10 μM) and
donepezil (5 and 10 μM) for 24 h, cells were treated with H2O2 (800 μM) for 4 h. Finally, the cell
viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated using Alamar-
Blue® and 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. The western blot
test was done to compare the protein level of phospho SAPK/JNK, SAPK/JNK, PI3 Kinase P85,
Phospho-PI3 Kinase P85, caspase-3 and cytochrome c) cyt c).

Results:

Crocin and donepezil could significantly decrease the Aβ toxicity and ROS level. While
treatment with Aβ increased Cyt c release from mitochondria to cytosol, cleaved form of caspase-3
(17 kDa) and activated form of SAPK/JNK p44/4 decreased the activated form of PI3 Kinase P85
protein, indicating that crocin could significantly block the apoptosis initiated with Aβ.

Conclusions:

According to the results, crocin could be a promising candidate for further evaluations
against the development of Alzheimer's disease through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)
and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling (PI3 K/AKT)
pathways.
From the Editor - 2011
Authors: Stark Ernie
Published: October 2020

A letter from teh editor - Winter 2011
Expanding a Framework for a Non-Ideological Conceptualization of Spirituality in the Workplace
Authors: Hayden Robert W. , Barbuto John E.
Published: October 2020

A review of the broad and varying conceptualizations of spirituality inform the critical need to categorize such conceptualizations. One such categorization, suggested by this paper, is a simple division between those conceptualizations which are more closely tied to religion and those which are not. This stance leads to the proposition that nonideological conceptualizations are more suited for the workplace. This paper highlights limitations of more ideological conceptualizations, presents the development of nonideological conceptualizations derived from nearly universal values, and expands upon a non-ideological workplace model.
Virtual Care for Indigenous Populations in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Camp Pat , Girt Mirha , Wells Alix , Malas Adeeb , Peter Maryke , Crosbie Stephanie , Holyk Travis
Published: October 2020

Background

Indigenous people in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand experience an increased burden of chronic diseases compared to non-Indigenous people in these countries. Lack of necessary services and culturally relevant care for Indigenous people contributes to this burden. Many Indigenous communities have implemented systems, such as virtual care, to improve chronic disease management. Virtual care has extended beyond videoconferencing to include more advanced technologies, such as remote biometric monitoring devices. However, given the historical and ongoing Western intrusion into Indigenous day to day life, these technologies may seem more invasive and thus require additional research on their acceptability and utility within Indigenous populations.

Objective

The objective of this paper is to present the protocol for a scoping review, which aims to map existing evidence. This study is based on the following guiding research question: What are the characteristics of virtual care use by Indigenous adult populations in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand? The subquestions are related to the technology used, health conditions and nature of the virtual care, cultural safety, and key concepts for effective use.

Methods

This scoping review protocol is informed by the methodology described by the Joanna Briggs Institute and is supplemented by the frameworks proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac et al. A search for published and gray literature, written in English, and published between 2000 and present will be completed utilizing electronic databases and search engines, including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Indigenous Peoples of North America, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Informit, and Native Health Database. Search results will be uploaded to the review software, Covidence, for title and abstract screening before full-text screening begins. This process will be repeated for gray literature. Upon completion, a data abstraction tool will organize the relevant information into categorical formations.

Results

The search strategy has been confirmed, and the screening of titles and abstracts is underway. As of October 2020, we have identified over 300 articles for full-text screening.

Conclusions

Previous reviews have addressed virtual care within Indigenous communities. However, new virtual care technologies have since emerged; subsequently, additional literature has been published. Mapping and synthesizing this literature will inform new directions for research and discussion.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/21860
ADVERSE DRUG INTERACTION BETWEEN ASPIRIN AND FUROSEMIDE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: GUNDETI KAVYA REDDY  , NISI GRACE KURIAKOSE
Published: October 2020

Drug–drug interaction between two drugs leads to a serious adverse drug reaction which is an adverse drug interaction. A 60-year-old female patient came with complaints of chest pain since 6 pm on the day of admission which is a burning type of pain and also a history of breathlessness. She was a known case of hypertension and diabetes mellitus since 5 years on medications, i.e. tablet atenolol-5 mg - 1-0-0, tablet amlodipine - 5 mg - 1-0-0, and tablet metformin - 500 mg - 1-0-1; the patient’s appetite was reduced and sleep was disturbed. On examination, blood pressure was 120/100 mmHg, pulse rate: 80 bpm, SpO2: 94% with room air, respiratory system: B/L coarse crept (+), and pallor (+) remaining systemic examination showing no any deformities. Laboratory reports show microcytic hypochromic with neutrophilia and thrombocytosis and ultrasonography (USG): B/L Grade I renal parenchymal disease. The patient ongoing treatment was tablet aspirin - 325 mg stat and 150 mg 0-1-0, tablet clopidogrel 300 mg stat and 75 mg 0-1-0, tablet atorvastatin 80 mg stat and 40 mg 0-0- 1, injection furosemide 40 mg IV 1-1-0, and injection nitroglycerin 2 amp in 1 pint NS at 12 drops/min and stopped on the 2nd day; injection pantoprazole 40 mg IV 1-0-1, injection heparin 5000 IU IV 1-1-1, and injection insulin R 8-8-6 S/C 1-0-1 started from the 2nd day; tablet enalapril 2.5 mg PO 1-0-1 given on the 2nd and 3rd days; tablet amlodipine 5 mg PO 1-0-1 given on the 2nd day and stopped; and injection insulin 1 pint in 25% dextrose, injection calcium gluconate, and nebulizer asthalin given only on the 3rd day. Here come 6 major interactions between amlodipine and clopidogrel, aspirin and furosemide (causes possible nephrotoxicity), clopidogrel with aspirin and heparin (increased risk of bleeding) and also heparin with nitroglycerin. The patient diagnosed as chronic kidney disease in the middle of the treatment which was adverse reaction interaction between aspirin and furosemide.
GASTROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM) SEEDS EXTRACT IN ALENDRONATE-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS
Authors: SHUBANGEE MISHRA  , BALAJI O  , VANISHREE RAO  , SHALINI ADIGA
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Bisphosphonates are known to cause gastritis and only few studies have evaluated the use of plant extracts in the treatment of bisphosphonate induced peptic ulcers. In the present study, we examined the effect of sesame seed extract in the alendronate-induced gastric ulcer in adult Wistar rats.

Methods: Thirty adult Wistar rats (180–250 g) of both sexes, divided into five groups (n=6) were used: Group 1 (vehicle control) – 0.9% saline, Group 2 (ulcer control) – alendronate 60 mg/kg, Group 3 (standard) – alendronate 60 mg/kg + pantoprazole 30 mg/kg/day, Group 4 (test groups) – alendronate 60 mg/kg + sesame 0.5 mg/kg, and Group 5 (test groups) – alendronate 60 mg/kg + sesame 1 mg/kg. All drugs were given orally once daily for 7 days except for alendronate given only on day 1. On day 8, rats were sacrificed, and stomach tissues were analyzed macroscopically for ulcers. Estimation of gastric pH, acidity, and volume was done along with mucin content measurement. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used for statistical analysis with p<0.05 taken as significant.

Results: Our study found that sesame extract given therapeutically at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg showed comparable results with that of pantoprazole 30 mg/kg. Both the doses of sesame, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg showed similar gastroprotective activity against alendronate-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats.

Conclusion: The findings of this study clearly demonstrated the protective effects of Sesame against alendronate-induced gastric ulceration.
PROVISION CAPACITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY FACILITIES FOR CHILDREN WITH HEARING LOSS IN HAI PHONG, VIETNAM
Authors: XUONG TUYET NGUYEN  , HA NGOC NGUYEN  , TRAM VAN TA  , VU KIEN TRAN  , HIEN THE PHAM
Published: October 2020

Objective: Hearing loss is a commonly occurring disability that affects 466 million people worldwide. This study aimed at determining the actual situations of early intervention delivery facilities for children with hearing loss. Out of this affected population, 7% are children (34 million) who, along with their families, grapple with the serious lifelong problems that accompany the disease.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with facilities investigated consisting of a school for the deaf, hospitals, an audiology center, and a social agency in Hai Phong province from January 2013 to December 2014. A sample composed of 353 children was also recruited.

Results: The examined facilities suffer from shortcomings in provision capacity, which manifest in deficient materials, supplies and equipment, and human resources; the lack of interdisciplinary coordination of activities; inadequate community awareness; and the unaddressed need for early detection and intervention. The conditions of most of the children (98%) were detected by their families, and among those who were clinically diagnosed, the majority (76.8%) received such diagnosis at central hospitals. Hearing impairment among the children were detected, diagnosed, and subjected to intervention at a very late stage (on average, at ages 22.3, 34, and 32.5 months, respectively), thereby compelling up to 63.6% of the families to struggle with their children’s hearing loss.

Conclusion: Solutions to current interventions are needed to enhance service delivery systems and guarantee early detection as well as timely and appropriate treatment.
Una inferencia adicional mediante el factor Bayes en análisis correlacionales
Authors: Ramos-Vera Cristian Antony
Published: October 2020

Se realizó una replicación bayesiana de una investigación de corte correlacional como modelo inclusivo para contrastar las hipótesis estadísticas como aporte metodológico en la investigación de la educación médica.
Novas evidências de validade para o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping
Authors: Luca Luana , Porto Noronha Ana Paula , Ferraresi Rodrigues Queluz Francine Náthalie , Angeli dos Santos Acácia Aparecida
Published: October 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Estratégias de Coping (IEC) por meio de evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna e na relação com outras variáveis (forças de caráter). Participaram 927 universitários, com idade média de 26 anos (DP= 7,7) e maioria do sexo feminino. Todos responderam ao Inventário de Estratégias de Coping e à Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC). Após a análise dos dados, sugere-se uma nova organização fatorial com 4 fatores, dos 8 iniciais. Os fatores são: Reavaliação Positiva (α= 0,79), Afastamento e Aceitação (α= 0,79), Suporte Social (α= 0,67) e Confronto e Resolução de Problemas (α= 0,86). Os escores do IEC se correlacionaram com os escores da EFC, mostrando que a nova estrutura fatorial encontrada apresenta evidências de validade baseada nas relações com outras variáveis. Os resultados são discutidos à luz da literatura.
Research of quality of production of the key connections basic units
Authors: Lebedev Anatoliy T. , Pavlyuk Roman V. , Zakharin Anton V. , Lebedev Pavel A. , Mar’in Nikolay A.
Published: October 2020

When considering the work of key connections with broken geometry of the working surfaces of the units, we can observe that often the key is not properly fixed in the groove of the shaft and sleeve and when rotating the coupling, it skews and perceives the transmitted torque unevenly at some point, which is a stress concentrator. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to increase the durability of keyways by preventing failures through quality control of the manufacture of their basic units. (Materials and methods) Authors have noted that the standard keyway has three fitments: "shaft-hub", "shaft-keyway" and "hub-keyway". It was shown that in these couplings the manufacturer provided gaps of various sizes for the convenience of disassembly and assembly of the connection, directly affecting the performance and durability of the connection as a whole. The geometric dimensions of keyway coupling were monitored by contact method using electronic micrometers MCC-25, MCC-50 and MCC-75 to measure the width of the keys and the diameter of the shafts and indicator nutromers NI-18 and NI-50 with an indicator head 1IG for keyways and internal diameters of pulleys. (Results and discussion) It has been revealed that the dispersion of the tolerance fields of the key width coincides with the law of normal distribution. It was found the presence of defects in width in the supplied keys, the value of which reached 15 percent. It was determined that the technical requirements for hardness and roughness corresponded to GOST 23360-78. It was noticed when checking the diametrical dimensions of the coupling "shaft-sleeve" the presence of deviations from the technical conditions, which during assembly can lead to the formation of a large gap in the keyway coupling. (Conclusions) Performed theoretical and experimental studies have allowed to establish the probability of obtaining gaps and tightness in common key coupling.
Vibroplasma hardening of the working bodies of agricultural machines
Authors: Bayniyazova Akmaral T. , Abzhaev Marat M. , Kudryashova Elizaveta Yu. , Fayzrakhmanov Ildar A. , Sharifullin Said N.
Published: October 2020

The article describes the technology of hardening the working bodies of agricultural machines based on the use of the electric spark energy and vibration arc discharges or the energy of vibroplasma. (Research purpose). The research purpose is studying of the influence of vibroplasma treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of 65G steel, which is the main material of many working bodies of agricultural machinery. (Materials and methods). The studies were carried out on samples from a coulter disk of 30x30 mm with a thickness of 2 mm. The processing was carried out at VDGU-2 technological installations of electric spark alloying in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2655420 and vibration arc hardening. Tungsten-cobalt and copper-graphite rods with diameters of 4 and 8 mm were used as electrodes. (Results and discussion). In contrast to the initial sample, the spectrum of the relatively large area of the 65G steel sample hardened by electrospark treatment showed that cobalt (4.92 percents) and tungsten (16.83 percents) are present in the treated layer in appreciable amounts. Measurements of the elemental composition of the local processing zone showed that the main components of this region are tungsten (64.20 percents) and cobalt (7.55 percent). Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron, manganese, calcium, silicon, aluminum, and a number of other elements are present in the surface layer of the sample with a vibratory arc treatment, but at lower concentrations in comparison with the listed elements for the sample with electric spark treatment. It has been found that the main phases are carbide and iron oxide, as well as metallic iron. After treatment with vibroplasma, there is a so-called zone of thermal influence near the treated zone. (Conclusions). The surface layer formed by processing parts by vibroplasma represents a new composite structure consisting of three layers. The hardening of the base material in the depth of the part during electrospark machining occurs at 0.5-1.0 millimeter, with vibroplasma machining it is up to 3-4 millimeter. The microhardness of the surface layer of products increased by more than three times.
Investigation of pre-sprayed powders for electric contact welding
Authors: Masalimov Dinar R. , Galiullin Roman R. , Sayfullin Rinat N. , Fayurshin Azamat F. , Islamov Linar F.
Published: October 2020

There are a number of difficulties in the electrical contact welding of powder materials: shedding of powder from the surface of a cylindrical part, impossibility of hardening the layer during welding due to flushing of the powders with coolant and unstable flow of powder into the welding zone. One solution is pre-spraying the powder in some way. (Research purpose). The research purpose is investigating the possibility of electric contact welding of metal powders preliminarily sprayed by a gas-flame method, namely, adhesion strength and losses during preliminary gas-flame spraying of powders. (Materials and methods) Powders of grades PG-NA-01, PrKhIIG4SR, PRZh3.200.28 were sprayed onto flat samples of St3 steel, polished to a roughness of Ra 1.25. The strength of powder adhesion to the base was studied by the cut method. (Results and discussion) The percentage loss of the powder as a whole is 3-23 percent for all the distances studied. The greatest powder losses appear at a distance of more than 180 millimeter from the tip of the burner for powders of grades PG-NA-01 and PrKhIIG4SR. The smallest powder losses were observed for PrZh3.200.28 powder, which totaled 3-7 percent. The maximum adhesion strength of the sprayed powders to the surface was 22.1 megapascals' when spraying the PG-NA-01 powder. The adhesion strength of powders of the grades PrKhIIG4SR and PrZh3.200.28 is small and amounts to 0.2-3 megapascals'. (Conclusions) The use of preliminary flame spraying of powders for their further electric contact welding is possible using PG-NA-01 grade powder, while the best adhesion to the base (that is more than 20 megapascals') is achieved with a spraying distance of 120-140 millimeter. The smallest powder losses during flame spraying are achieved at a spraying distance of 100-160 centimeters', at which the powder loss for the studied grades was 4-12 percent.
About development of methods and means for management of reliability of agricultural machinery in GOSNITI
Authors: Dunayev Anatoliy V. , Kostomakhin Мikhail N.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the historical materials about the creation and growth of GOSNITI, its employees who developed and implemented methods and means of diagnosis, maintenance and repair of machinery and tractor fleet of the agro-industrial complex of the country. The information on the history of the mathematical apparatus to the method of reli-ability control machines to minimize the total unit costs of maintenance and repair, taking into account the costs of downtime of faulty machines are presented. (Research purpose) The approbation of the express method of substantiation for diagnostic and structural pa-rameters of machine elements and analysis of the results of the development, production and implementation of MTP diagnostic tools in the agricultural sector of the USSR. (Materials and methods) We have analyzed the achievements of the GOSNITI teams, other research institutes and universities of the country, the engineering service of agriculture, statistical data on the production and use of diagnostic tools for tractors and cars. (Results and dis-cussion) The article reviews universal approach by V. M. Mikhlin of feasibility study of permissible values of resource and diagnostic parameters. The article notes that the Finnish mathematicians implemented it in the universal computer program TURBO-NEK, which al-lows optimizing the permissible values of diagnostic and structural parameters of machine elements, other characteristics in the organization of technical operation of machines. We have tested the express method of calculation of permissible values of structural and diag-nostic parameters taking into account the real rates of change in the values of parameters in operation. We have described the engineering and calculation method of limiting and per-missible parameters of diesel engines, their parts and interfaces in the guidance technical material of 10.16.0001.008-89 as a result of thirty-five years of work of the repair laborato-ry of GOSNITI. We have considered the results of the creation and implementation of diag-nostic equipment, aspects of scientific, technical and organizational difficulties in its devel-opment, production, movement and use. (Conclusion) We have prepared proposals for the resuscitation of diagnostics of the machine and tractor fleet of the agro-industrial complex for the coming period. In addition to the parameters measured by built-in and external means of control, it was proposed to legalize the equal use of organoleptic control of the state of machines, for which a wealth of experience has been accumulated.
Forecasting the fl ood situation using space images in the city of Tavda Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Bruskova A.S. , Levitskaya T.I. , Haydukova D.M.
Published: October 2020

Flooding is a dangerous phenomenon, causing emergency situations and causing material damage, capable of damaging health, and even death of people. To reduce the risk and economic damage from flooding, it is necessary to forecast flooding areas. An effective method of forecasting emergency situations due to flooding is the method of remote sensing of the Earth with integration into geoinformation systems. With the help of satellite imagery, a model of flooding was determined based on the example of Tavda, the Sverdlovsk Region. Space images are loaded into the geoinformation system and on their basis a series of thematic layers is created, which contains information about the zones of possible flooding at given water level marks. The determination of the area of flooding is based on the calculation of the availability of maximum water levels at hydrological stations. According to the calculated security data, for each hydrological post, flood zones are constructed by interpolation between pre-calculated flood zones of standard security. The results of the work can be used by the Main Directorate of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia for the Sverdlovsk Region.
SIRKULASI KAPILER KAKI PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE-2 MELALUI RENDAM KAKI DENGAN MINYAK TANAH GARAM DINGIN DI PUSKESMAS BAITUSSALAM KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Raharjo Setio Budi , Amiruddin Amiruddin
Published: October 2020

Sirkuasi perifer kaki pasien DM Tipe 2 sangat tergantung pada nilai ankle brachial index (ABI). Untuk mengoptimalkan nilai ABI dalam batas normal, maka peneliti memberikan terapi non farmakalogi. Implementasi non farmakologi ini membantu meningkatkan sirkulasi perifer kaki dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah minyak tanah, garam dapur dan es batu.   Penelitian menggunakan randomized block design research, terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan masing-masing perlakuan pada kelompok: A= hanya diberi minyak tanah (1 liter) sebagai kelompok kontrol; B=diberi minyak tanah 1 liter: 500 gram garam: 500 gram es batu; C= diberi minyak tanah 1 liter: 750 gram garam: 750 gram es batu; dan D= diberi minyak tanah 1 liter: 1 Kg garam: 1 Kg es batu. Random sampling dilakukan dengan komputer. Hasil  penelitian  diperoleh  bahwa intervensi rendam kaki minyak tanah garam dingin yang memberikan dampak nyata pada nilai ABI pasien DM Tipe 2, yaitu perlakuan C yaitu rendam kaki dengan larutan 1 liter tanah: 750 gram garam: dan 750 gram es batu. Komposisi larutan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perubahan nilai ABI pasien DM Tipe 2 adalah 1 liter minyak tanah: 750 gram garam: 750 gram es batu. Kesimpulan, penelitian ini telah menunjukkan bahwa sirkulasi perifer kaki pasien DM Tipe 2 dapat ditingkatkan melalui rendam kaki dengan minyak tanah garam dingin.

Circulation of the peripheral feet of patients with Type 2 diabetes is very dependent on the value of the ankle brachial index (ABI). To optimize the ABI value within normal limits, the researchers provided nonpharmacological therapy. This nonpharmacological implementation helps improve the peripheral circulation of the feet and the materials used in this study are kerosene, table salt and ice cubes. The research used randomized block design research, consisting of 4 treatments with each treatment in the group: A = only given kerosene (1 liter) as a control group; B = oiled with 1 liter of soil: 500 grams of salt: 500 grams of ice cubes; C = oiled with 1 liter of soil: 750 grams of salt: 750 grams of ice cubes; and D = oiled with 1 liter of soil: 1 kg of salt: 1 kg of ice cubes. Random sampling is done by computer. The results showed that the cold salt kerosene foot soaking intervention had a significant impact on the ABI value of Type 2 DM patients, namely treatment C, namely soaking the feet with a solution of 1 liter of soil: 750 grams of salt: and 750 grams of ice cubes. The composition of the solution that most influences changes in the ABI value of Type 2 DM patients is 1 liter of kerosene: 750 grams of salt: 750 grams of ice cubes. Conclusion, this study has shown that the peripheral circulation of the feet of patients with type 2 diabetes can be improved by soaking the feet with cold salt kerosene.
Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of the capilliposide derived from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl., a traditional Chinese medicinal herb
Authors: Wu Zhipan , Han Haote , Xu Mengting , Shen Yuhang , Gao Chengcheng , Yuan Huahua , Li Shouxin , Ye He , Tian Jingkui
Published: October 2020

Pain and inflammation are associated with the pathophysiology of different clinical conditions. The Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. capilliposide (LCc) is the main bioactive component of this Chinese medicinal herb, which is widely used as a remedy for the treatment of colds and arthritis. This study investigated the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of LCc in an animal model. LCc had no significant influence on the spleen, lung, liver and stomach coefficients in mice. Pharmacological studies showed that LCc at all doses (40, 60 and 90 mg/kg) increased the latency period of paw licking induced by thermal stimulation, and at the dose of 40 mg/kg it significantly suppressed abdominal writhing episodes of mice induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid. LCc also had antiinflammatory effect on inflammation models. Doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg suppressed paw edema induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of carrageenan. Mechanistic studies revealed that the antiinflammatory effect of LCc was associated with inhibition of the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-?), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in paw tissue of carrageenan-injected mice. These results show that LCc has analgesic and antiinflammatory effects in mice.
How Social Norms and Social Identification Constrain Aggressive Reporting Behavior
Authors: Young Donald
Published: October 2020

This study examines how the source and nature of reporting standards jointly influence compliance with those standards. More specifically, I examine how decision makers' identification with the source of the standards moderates compliance with different types of standards. Type refers to whether the accounting standard is descriptive or injunctive (i.e., prescriptive). Source refers to the entity promulgating the accounting standards. I conduct three experiments in which participants face a direct trade-off between reporting aggressively to maximize their personal wealth and reporting conservatively to adhere to a standard. I find that identification with the source causes less aggressive reporting for an injunctive standard, but when a standard is descriptive, identification has no effect or an opposite effect. When identification with the source is low, descriptive standards tend to work well compared to injunctive standards. With injunctive standards, persuasive factors, such as identification, likely influence financial managers' aggressive reporting behavior.
What Matters for In-House Tax Planning: Tax Function Power and Status
Authors: Ege Matthew S. , Hepfer Bradford F. , Robinson John R.
Published: October 2020

Social hierarchy theory predicts that the power and status of an organizational function have a first-order effect on the function's ability to influence outcomes. We find that the rank of the title of the top tax executive is positively associated with tax planning after controlling for treatment effects. Our inferences remain when (1) using changes in the size of the c-suite as a shock to the relative power and status of the tax function, and (2) examining promotions and demotions in title rank. Point estimates suggest that tax function power and status are up to 2.6 times as important as tax planning resources, up to 4.0 times as important as tax function-specific expertise, and, more often than not, more important than manager fixed effects. Overall, results suggest that the power and status of the tax function is often what matters most in determining tax outcomes.

JEL Classifications: H25; L22; M41.
Understanding and Deterring Misreporting in Nonprofits: The Joint Effects of Pay Level and Penalty Type
Authors: Chan Eric W. , Zhang Xinyu
Published: October 2020

We experimentally examine how nonprofit pay levels affect nonprofit managers' misreporting and how different types of penalties deter such behavior. Absent any penalties for misreporting, we find similar levels of, but different mechanisms for, misreporting by managers who select into lower- versus higher-paying nonprofits. Specifically, lower-paying nonprofits attract mission-focused managers who misreport to advance their nonprofit's mission and justify doing so by their personal sacrifice of wealth, whereas higher-paying nonprofits attract a majority of self-focused managers who justify misreporting by focusing on their personal outcomes. Because managers who select into their nonprofit at different pay levels have different motivation and justification for misreporting, we predict and find that penalizing the nonprofit is more effective in deterring misreporting in lower-paying nonprofits, while penalizing the manager is more effective in higher-paying nonprofits. Our study contributes to theory on the behavioral drivers of nonprofit misreporting and informs practice of ways to deter it.

JEL Classifications: D91; J31; L31; M40.
Genetic Loci and Physiologic Pathways Involved in Gestational Diabetes Implicated Through Clustering
Authors: Admin Ada , Powe Camille E. , Udler Miriam S. , Hsu Sarah , Allard Catherine , Kuang Alan , Manning Alisa K. , Perron Patrice , Bouchard Luigi , Jr William L. Lowe , Scholtens Denise , Florez Jose C. , Hivert Marie-France
Published: October 2020

Hundreds
of common genetic variants acting through distinguishable physiologic pathways influence
the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is unknown to what extent the physiology
underlying gestational diabetes (GDM) is distinct from that underlying T2D. In
this study of over 5,000 pregnant women from three cohorts, we aimed to
identify physiologically related groups of maternal variants associated with GDM
using two complementary approaches based on Bayesian non-negative matrix
factorization (bNMF) clustering. First, we tested five bNMF clusters of
maternal T2D-associated variants grouped based on physiology outside of
pregnancy for association with GDM. We found that cluster polygenic scores representing
genetic determinants of reduced beta-cell function and abnormal hepatic lipid
metabolism were associated with GDM; these clusters were not associated with
infant birthweight. Second, we derived bNMF clusters of maternal variants based
on pregnancy physiology and tested these clusters for association with GDM. We identified a cluster which was strongly associated with
GDM and also associated with higher infant birthweight. The effect size for
this cluster’s association with GDM appeared greater than that for T2D. Our
findings imply that the genetic and physiologic pathways that lead to GDM
differ, at least in part, from those that lead to T2D.
Potential benefits and harms of gastric bypass surgery in obese individuals with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide, matched, observational cohort study
Authors: Höskuldsdóttir Gudrun , Ekelund Jan , Miftaraj Mervete , Wallenius Ville , Ottosson Johan , Näslund Ingmar , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Sattar Naveed , Svensson Ann-Marie , Eliasson Björn
Published: October 2020

Objective: To study the potential long‑term benefits and possible complications of bariatric surgery in patients
with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods: In this register‑based nationwide cohort study we compared individuals with T1D and
obesity that underwent Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) with patients with T1D and obesity matched
for age, gender, BMI and calendar time that did not undergo surgery. By linking
the Swedish National Diabetes Register and Scandinavian Obesity Surgery
Registry study individuals were included between 2007 and 2013. Outcomes examined
included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart failure and
hospitalization for serious hypo‑ or hyperglycemic events, amputation, psychiatric disorders, changes in
kidney function and substance abuse.

Results: We identified 387 individuals that had
undergone RYGB and 387 controls. Follow‑up for hospitalization was up to 9 years. Analysis showed lower risk for
cardiovascular disease (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20‑0.9), cardiovascular death (HR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.68), hospitalization
for heart failure (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15‑0.67) and stroke (HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.82) for the RYGB group. There
was a higher risk for serious hyperglycemic events (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.07‑3.72) and substance abuse (HR
3.71, 95% CI 1.03-3.29) after surgery.

Conclusion: This observational study suggests bariatric surgery may yield similar benefits on
risk for cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients with T1D and obesity as for
patients with type 2 diabetes. However, some potential
serious adverse effects suggest need for careful monitoring of such patients after
surgery.
Recursos tecnológicos potencializadores do ensino não presencial em tempos de pandemia do COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Bianca Rodrigues de , Santos Barros Magalhães Talita Karen , Oliveira Rodrigues Kátia , Oliveira Santos Jaires , Oliveira Santos Taise
Published: October 2020

O surgimento da Pandemia do novo coronavírus ocorreu de maneira repentina e surpreendeu a todos com o fechamento de fronteiras, atividades comerciais e encerramento generalizado de todas as atividades nas instituições de ensino por tempo indeterminado. Este cenário evidencia a necessidade emergente da inserção de ferramentas tecnológicas na educação de forma mais efetiva, de modo que o ensino seja assegurado e a interação entre professores e alunos possa ser efetiva. Assim, o presente artigo reflete a educação não presencial implantada de modo compulsório e identifica recursos tecnológicos que podem viabilizar o acesso informacional e a interação entre alunos, professores e tutores no contexto educacional de pandemia. Para atender a esta pretensão, empreendeu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Constatou-se que as atividades não presenciais podem ser potencializadas com o uso de recursos estratégicos das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC), a fim de garantir o diálogo entre os sujeitos da educação e o acesso efetivo a recursos informacionais, indispensáveis ao decurso de aprendizagem. Por outro lado, essa transposição excepcional pode contribuir para o acirramento das desigualdades sociais, principalmente daquelas pessoas que já estão em situação de vulnerabilidade social.
Não faça a “egípcia” em tempos de COVID 19
Authors: Valério Erinaldo Dias , Avelino da Silva André Luiz
Published: October 2020

Reflete sobre o papel da biblioteca e de bibliotecárie no desenvolvimento de recursos que possam diminuir as barreiras informacionais decorrentes da Pandemia do COVID-19, que tem afetado a comunidade LGBTI+ e impossibilitado o acesso e uso da informação. Destaca que essas ações podem cooperar para o desenvolvimento da Competência em Informação desse grupo, uma vez que a competência consiste em habilidades na busca, acesso, uso e análise da informação de maneira consciente, adquirindo aprendizado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica com a abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Investigou-se na Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI) os artigos científicos publicados que relacionassem com os temas que envolvem a comunidade LGBTI+. Enfatiza que esta pesquisa está sendo desenvolvida no âmbito do grupo de pesquisa Alaye - Laboratório de pesquisa em informação antirracista e sujeitos informacionais. Conclui que bibliotecas e bibliotecáries podem cooperar para a desconstrução de preconceitos que afetam a população LGBTI+ na avaliação e utilização da informação, buscando torná-los competentes em informação.
Peran Kalium dan Kalsium Pada Peningkatan Kualitas dan Masa Simpan Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum var. servo)
Authors: Wicaksana Puguh Catur , Wijaya Ketut Anom , Soeparjono Sigit
Published: October 2020

Tomat memiliki karakteristik mudah mengalami kerusakan. Kerusakan fisiologis pada produk buah tomat dapat disebabkan oleh kualitas dalam buah dan atribut sensorik yang kurang baik sehingga rentan terjadi kerusakan. Kehilangan produksi tomat saat panen di negara-negara berkembang mencapai 50% karena lamanya distribusi tomat. Varietas servo banyak diminati oleh petani karena memiliki beberapa keunggulan yaitu, produktivitasnya yang tinggi dan bobot buah yang besar. Kekurangan varietas servo tomat adalah umur simpan buah yang singkat, yaitu hanya 7 hari setelah panen. Umur simpan yang singkat dipengaruhi oleh ketebalan daging buah dan kelunakan buah. Dalam meningkatkan kualitas dan umur simpan tomat, nutrisi kalium (K) berperan dalam translokasi fotosintesis, memperkuat dinding sel dan terlibat dalam proses lignifikasi jaringan sklerenkim. Tomat merupakan produk yang memiliki tingkat respirasi tinggi yang dipengaruhi oleh etilen. Produksi etilen dapat dihambat oleh aplikasi kalsium (Ca) secara eksogen dengan memperkuat mekanisme dinding sel dan dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas terhadap kerusakan fisiologis. Berdasarkan perlakuan penelitian ini, kualitas dan varietas tomat meningkat.
Respon Lama Penyinaran dan Konsentrasi Sukrosa Terhadap Induksi Tunas Kentang Varietas Granola Kembang Secara In Vitro
Authors: Saturi FNU , Djenal FNU
Published: October 2020

Kentang merupakan komoditi pangan dari umbi-umbian. Stok bibit kentang semakin rendah akibat kebiasaan petani menggunakan benih yang tidak berkualitas dari hasil pertanaman kentang sebelumnya, sehingga menyebabkan produksi menurun. Maka dibutuhkan alternatif untuk menghasilkan bibit yang seragam dan bebas penyakit serta berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuansuntuk mengetahui respon lama penyinaran dan konsentrasi sukrosa yang tepat terhadap induksi tunas kentang varietas Granola Kembang. Penelitiann dilaksanakan di LaboratoriummKultur Jaringan tanaman, Politeknik Negeri Jember, pada bulan Oktober 2018 sampai bulan Januari 2019. Metodesyang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkaps(RAL) faktorial. Faktor pertama yaitu lama penyinaran ( 12 jam, 16 jam dan 18 jam), sedangkan faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi sukrosa (15 g/L; 30 g/l dan 45 g/L). Datasdianalisa menggunakannuji ANOVA dan diuji lanjut dengan DMRT taraff5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lama penyinaran 18 jam dan sukrosa 45 g/L merupakan perlakuan terbaik pada parameter jumlah tunas, diameter, jumlah daun dan kedinian akar, sedangkan Sedangkan kandungan lignin pada plantlet memiliki kecenderungan tertinggi pada perlakuan 16 jam penyinaran dan sukrosa 30 g/L.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular Pada Tiga Pusat Lokasi Tanaman Jagung di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Erdiansyah Iqbal , Damanhuri FNU , Azizah Putri Zakiyatul
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengisolasi dan Mendapatkan Isolat Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular Pada Tiga Pusat Lokasi Tanaman Jagung Di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian dilakukan selama 6 bulan dari bulan Agustus 2018 sampai dengan bulan Januari 2019. Kegiatan Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Universitas Jember dan Laboratorium Jurusan Hama Penyakit Univeristas Brawijaya Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 lokasi dan 3 kedalaman untuk pengambilan sampel yaitu Kecamatan Arjasa, Kecamatan Bangsalsari, dan Kecamatan Kencong dengan kedalaman 10 cm, 20 cm dan 30 cm dari permukaan tanah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengidentifikasi jenis Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular yang sudah di isolasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular dari rhizosfer tanaman jagung dapat di identifikasi sebagai jenis Cendawan Mikoriza dari genus Glomus sp dan Acaulospora delicata yang memiliki karakteristik warna coklat dan memiliki bentuk bulan sampai dengan lonjong. Genus Glomus sp memiliki tingkat adaptasi yang lebih dominan di Kecamatan Arjasa pada kedalaman tanah 10 cm dengan jumlah spora 75. Genus Acaulospora delicata memiliki adaptasi lebih dominan di Kecamatan Arjasa pada Kedalaman 20 cm dengan jumlah spora 111.
Afganistan Anayasası’nda İnsan Hakları
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Alaeddin , RASHİD Yasir
Published: October 2020

Afganistan'daki insan hakları konusunun, özellikle 11 Eylül olaylarından sonra, küreselleşme bağlamındaki boyutları söz konusudur. 1924-2004 arasında Afganistan'da altı anayasa değişikliği yaşanmıştır. 2004 Anayasası, ülkenin hukuk tarihinde önemli bir dönüm noktası olup Türk ve İslam dünyasında da önde gelenlerdendir. Bu anayasa, medeni ve siyasi hakları koruma yanında uluslararası sözleşmeler doğrultusunda sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel hakları da desteklemektedir. Bu bağlamda, 2001 Bonn Konferansı’nda insan haklarının önemi vurgulanmış ve yeni Afganistan anayasal düzeninin insan hakları komisyonuna saygı duymasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Buna karşın, Batılı ülkelerce finanse edilen komisyonun faaliyetleri, Afganistan halkı tarafından Batılı bir proje olarak görülmüş ve muhafazakar Afganların karşı çıkmıştır. Öte yandan liberal Afganlar ise bu gelişmeleri toplumsal adalet için önemli bir fırsat olarak kabul etmişlerdir. Bu makalede, insan hakları kavramı ve gelişimi özetlenerek bu konuda Afganistan'da görülen engelleri ve zorluklar analiz edilmektedir. Bunun yanında, insan haklarının Afganistan'daki gelişimi ile 2004’ten itibaren, özellikle uluslararası mutabakatlar kapsamında katkılar incelenmektedir.
Political subjectivity within the structure of value orientations of youth in the Moscow agglomeration: sociological aspect
Authors: Chvyakin Vladimir Alekseevich
Published: October 2020

The subject of this research is the political subjectivity as a social characteristic of the structure of value orientations of youth in the Moscow agglomeration. The author examines such aspects of the topic as political socialization, incidence of political subjectivity, and its key social characteristics within the structure of value orientations of youth. Attention is given to determination of correlation between political subjectivity and socially significant values. The author describes the content of terminal and instrumental values among young people with different levels of development of political subjectivity as a sociopolitical trait of a person. The research methodology includes the fundamental principles of the theory of political socialization, which suggests cultivation of the essential values of political culture as the process of person’s adaptation to a particular political system. The leading role in the process of political socialization belongs to the ability to critical digestion of knowledge and norms of political relations that ensure conditions for the formation of political subjectivity of a person. The conclusions consists in determination of occurrence of political subjectivity and its social characteristics within the structure of value orientations of youth in the Moscow agglomeration. The realization of political subjectivity in youth environment is predetermined by the structure of values and the vector of social orientations of a person. The novelty of this work lies in the statement that political subjectivity in the process of socialization of a person correlates with the structure of social values. Personal values indirectly reflect the essence of its political subjectivity, which is relevant for more accurate socio political characteristics of a person. The revealed terminal and instrumental values in youth environment allow designating the vector of political socialization of a person.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN MELALUI METODE INKUIRI DI KELAS IX-B SMP NEGERI 20 TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Gunawan Hadi
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi siswa melalui metode pembelajaran Inquiri tentang Usaha Pembelaan Negara  pada mata pelajaran PKn di Kelas IX-B  SMP Negeri 20 Tasikmalaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Simpulan pada penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran PKn melalui metode pembelajaran Inquiri, dapat meningkatkan  motivasi siswa tentang Usaha Pembelaan Negaradi kelas IX-B SMP Negeri 20 Tasikmalaya (pada tindakan  pertama skor  motivasi rata-rata sebesar 71,95; pada tindakan kedua sebesar 77,2).