bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diverse Functions and Signal Transduction of the Exocyst Complex in Tumor Cells
Authors: Tanaka Toshiaki , Goto Kaoru , Iino Mitsuyoshi
Published: September 2016

The exocyst complex is a large conserved hetero‐oligomeric complex that consists of Sec3, Sec5, Sec6, Sec8, Sec10, Sec15, Exo70, and Exo84 subunits. It has been implicated in the targeting of vesicles for regulated exocytosis in various cell types, and is also important for targeted exocytosis of post‐Golgi transport vesicles to the plasma membrane. The exocyst complex is essential for membrane growth, secretion, and function during exocytosis and endocytosis. Moreover, the individual components of the complex are thought to act on specific biological processes, such as cytokinesis, ciliogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). As a result, recent studies suggest that the exocyst complex may be involved in several diseases such as kidney disease, neuropathogenesis, diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the diverse functions and cellular signaling pathways of the exocyst complex in various tumors. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 939–957, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel and one‐pot Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]‐2‐Methylbenzothiazole‐3‐Spiro‐1′‐Cyclohexa‐2′,5′‐Dien‐4′‐one‐4,5‐Dicarboxylate Derivatives via a Three Component Reaction
Authors: Milani F. J. , Nassiri M.
Published: September 2016

The three component condensation reactions involving 2‐methylbenzothiazole or 2,5‐dimethylbenzothiazole, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and 2,6‐dimethyl phenol or 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol constitute a novel and one‐pot synthesis of tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]‐2‐methylbenzothiazoles‐3‐spiro‐1′‐cyclohexa‐2′,5′‐dien‐4′‐one‐4,5‐dicarboxylate derivatives in good yields. The reactions proceeded at room temperature without using any catalyst. This method is very useful to functionalize benzothiazole derivatives in a one‐pot operation.
Spiral counter‐current chromatography: Design, development, application, and challenges
Authors: Huang Xin‐Yi , Sun Xiao‐Ming , Pei Dong , Di Duo‐Long
Published: September 2016

Depending on the rapid growth in the radial gradient of the centrifugal force, spiral counter‐current chromatography can greatly improve the retention of stationary phase, especially for the aqueous two‐phase systems with ultra‐polar and high viscosity that are not well retained in the conventional multilayer coils counter‐current chromatography. As a result, it is an attractive and alternative technology that is suited for separation of hydrophilic compounds and has led to many exciting progress in recent years. This review presents the recent advances and applications of spiral counter‐current chromatography, including its major benefits and limitations, some novel methods to improve the separation efficiency and its applications in separation of real samples. In addition, the remaining challenges and future perspectives on development of spiral counter‐current chromatography also are proposed in this article.
Seed density and waterfowl use of rice fields in Camargue, France
Authors: Pernollet Claire A. , Cavallo François , Simpson David , Gauthier‐Clerc Michel , Guillemain Matthieu
Published: September 2016

European rice fields provide potential nocturnal foraging habitat to waterfowl during winter. Agricultural practices may influence seed density and accessibility, thereby influencing the extent to which ducks use this managed habitat. To assess the potential influence of post‐harvest stubble‐management practices (i.e., flooding, burning, chopping, disking, plowing, and their combinations) on waste rice and weeds, and to evaluate the link of the latter 2 with nocturnal duck abundance, we conducted an experiment in rice fields of the Camargue, France. We assessed the density of available seeds 3 times across the winter, from harvest in late October to departure of the wintering ducks in early February, over 2 winters (2012–2013, 2013–2014). We monitored nocturnal duck use of the fields during the second year. Initial post‐harvest rice and weed seed densities were positively correlated and highly variable. Mean seed density was not dependent on straw management procedure (i.e., burning, chopping, disking). Average rice density decreased by 89% and weed seed density by 69% between harvest and late winter. Seed depletion rate was dependent on initial seed density, and was greatest in plowed fields for rice. Winter flooding did not significantly affect seed depletion rate but was the main determinant of nocturnal duck use of the fields. Duck numbers were lower in burned fields than in chopped or disked fields. One hectare of rice field could support an average of 43 mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)‐sized ducks/day for the entire wintering season (i.e., 5,202 duck‐energy days/ha) given initial post‐harvest seed densities. Harvested rice fields have a great potential as nocturnal foraging habitat for wintering ducks in the Camargue. Plowing should be avoided and flooding promoted to better allow ducks to use these fields. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Palatal botulinum toxin as a novel therapy for objective tinnitus in forced eyelid closure syndrome
Authors: Kaffenberger Thomas M. , Mandal Rajarsi , Schaitkin Barry M. , Hirsch Barry E.
Published: September 2016

Objective tinnitus associated with eyelid closure is a rare clinical entity with only a few reported cases. This association previously was identified as forced eyelid closure syndrome (FECS) and involves an aberrant neural reflex between cranial nerve VII (activating the orbicularis oculi muscle) and cranial nerve V (activating the tensor tympani muscle). We present a 52‐year‐old Caucasian female with a 2‐month history of FECS who was successfully treated with intrapalatal botulinum toxin, with full resolution of her objective tinnitus symptoms. This is the first reported use of botulinum toxin in FECS. Laryngoscope, 127:1199–1201, 2017
Treatment of eosinophilic otitis media with pegylated interferon‐α 2a and 2b
Authors: Neff Brian A. , Voss Stephen G. , Carlson Matthew L. , O'Brien Erin K. , Butterfield Joseph H.
Published: September 2016

Objective/Hypothesis

Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a variant of chronic otitis media that is characterized by the development of thick mucoid middle ear effusion, adult onset bronchial asthma, sinonasal polyposis, and aspirin sensitivity. EOM is typically refractory to corticosteroid therapy and surgical intervention. Pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) has effectively treated hypereosinophilic syndrome in clinical trials; however, the efficacy of this medication for EOM treatment remains undefined.

Study Design

Retrospective, case series, tertiary academic center.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on EOM patients from 2008–2014. A total of 32 patients met the clinical criteria for EOM according to established diagnostic guidelines. Outcomes of all patients with severe, refractory EOM who initiated PEG‐IFN therapy are reported.

Results

Eight patients were treated with pegylated interferon‐α 2a or 2b for refractory EOM. Half of the patients had significant side effects with interferon treatment. Three of these were able to continue at a reduced dosage without side effect reoccurrence, and one patient stopped the medication permanently. Four of eight (50%) patients had a complete clinical response with total resolution of otorrhea and normalization of middle ear mucosa, and were able to discontinue corticosteroid treatment. Two patients attempted to stop PEG‐IFN therapy after prolonged symptom remission and had recurrent otorrhea. Both patients had symptom resolution after PEG‐IFN reinitiation.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that pegylated interferon‐α 2a and 2b therapy may benefit patients with severe, refractory EOM. Further larger studies with long‐term follow‐up are required to validate these early but promising results.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:1208–1216, 2017
Early ototoxic changes in patients with germ cell tumor after first cycle of cisplatin‐based therapy
Authors: Noszek László , Budai Barna , Prekopp Péter , Széchenyi Renáta , Szőnyi Márta , Talpai Szabolcs , Nagyiványi Krisztián , Bíró Krisztina , Géczi Lajos
Published: September 2016

Objective

To prospectively examine early hearing damage detectable with distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) after the first cycle of cisplatin treatment of patients with testicular tumor.

Study Design

Both ears of 137 consecutive patients were examined at 0.75 to 8 kHz before (B) and after (A) the first cycle of cisplatin (dose: 100 mg/m2/ 5 days).

Methods

The mean amplitudes (B vs. A) were compared with paired t test at each frequency. Ototoxic changes were considered when an individual amplitude difference (B‐A) > 14 dB at 0.75 Hz or > 7 db at 1 to 8 kHz occurred.

Results

The mean amplitudes were statistically significantly lower after first cycle at 0.75, 6, and 8 kHz. The majority of patients (96%) presented positive differences (B‐A) in one or both ears; in 85 (62%) cases, the positive difference reached the level of ototoxicity out of which 34 (40%) and 19 (22%) of patients suffered ototoxicity in one or both ears, respectively. The difference between right and left ears in distribution of ototoxic cases was nonsignificant. Forty‐five (33%) and four (3%) patients showed ototoxicity at two or more frequencies in one or both ears, respectively. An increased proportion of ototoxic cases can be seen at 0.75 to 1 kHz and 6 to 8 kHz.

Conclusion

After the first cycle of cisplatin treatment, early ototoxicity occurs in close to two‐thirds of patients, as identified by measuring DPOAE. Therefore, further research for biomarkers is required, which can predict patients at risk in order to avoid an irreversible hearing loss by personalized, preventive therapies.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:1909–1915, 2017
Superabsorbent, High Porosity, PAMPS‐Based Hydrogels through Emulsion Templating
Authors: Kovačič Sebastijan , Silverstein Michael S.
Published: September 2016

Swell! Superabsorbent, mechanically robust, high‐porosity hydrogels based on poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) have been successfully synthesized by templating within high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). These hydrogel polyHIPEs (HG‐PHs) exhibit unusually high uptakes of water and of artificial urine through structure‐ and crosslinking‐dependent hydrogel‐swelling‐driven void expansion. An HG‐PH with 3.1 mmol g−1 of highly accessible sulfonic acid groups exhibits a 7 meq NaOH ion exchange capacity per gram polymer and rapid dye absorption. The highly swollen HG‐PHs do not fail at compressive strains of up to 60%, they retain water and recover their shapes upon the removal of stress. Unusually, the dry hydrogels have relatively high compressive moduli and achieve relatively high stresses at 70% strain.

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Enantio‐ and Stereoselective Cyclopolymerization of Hexa‐1,5‐diene Catalyzed by Zirconium Complexes Possessing Optically Active Bis(phenolato) Ligands
Authors: Nakata Norio , Watanabe Takanori , Toda Tomoyuki , Ishii Akihiko
Published: September 2016

Enantio‐ and stereoselective cyclopolymerization of hexa‐1,5‐diene was achieved by enantiomerically pure dichloro zirconium(IV) pre‐catalysts 2 possessing chiral [OSSO]‐type bis(phenolate) ligands (−)‐1 and (+)‐1 in combination with dried methylaluminoxane (dMAO) as an activator. The corresponding activities were recorded with quite high values up to 1,960 g mmol(2)–1 h–1, which are extremely larger than those of the related complexes. The microstructure analysis for the PMCPs furnished by pre‐catalysts (Λ,S,S)‐2 and (Δ,R,R)‐2 showed good isotacticity factors (α = 75−78%) and relatively high proportions of trans‐cyclopentane rings (σ = 14−21%). These enantiomeric PMCPs exhibited large specific optical rotations ([α]D = +28 to +32° from (Λ,S,S)‐2, −26 to −34° from (Δ,R,R)‐2).

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Copper‐Coated Liquid‐Crystalline Elastomer via Bioinspired Polydopamine Adhesion and Electroless Deposition
Authors: Frick Carl P. , Merkel Daniel R. , Laursen Christopher M. , Brinckmann Stephan A. , Yakacki Christopher M.
Published: September 2016

This study explores the functionalization of main‐chain nematic elastomers with a conductive metallic surface layer using a polydopamine binder. Using a two‐stage thiol‐acrylate reaction, a programmed monodomain is achieved for thermoreversible actuation. A copper layer (≈155 nm) is deposited onto polymer samples using electroless deposition while the samples are in their elongated nematic state. Samples undergo 42% contraction when heated above the isotropic transition temperature. During the thermal cycle, buckling of the copper layer is seen in the direction perpendicular to contraction; however, transverse cracking occurs due to the large Poisson effect experienced during actuation. As a result, the electrical conductivity of the layer reduced quickly as a function of thermal cycling. However, samples do not show signs of delamination after 25 thermal cycles. These results demonstrate the ability to explore multifunctional liquid‐crystalline composites using relatively facile synthesis, adhesion, and deposition techniques.

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Heteroatomic Conjugated Polymers and the Spectral Tuning of Electroluminescence via a Supramolecular Coordination Strategy
Authors: Lin Jinyi , Liu Bin , Yu Mengna , Xie Linghai , Zhu Wensai , Ling Haifeng , Zhang Xinwen , Ding Xuehua , Wang Xuhua , Stavrinou Paul N. , Wang Jianpu , Bradley Donal D. C. , Huang Wei
Published: September 2016

The unique electronic structures of heteroatomic conjugated polymers (HCPs) offer an attractive platform to tune optoelectronic properties via a supramolecular coordination strategy. This study reports on an sp2 nitrogen heteroatom containing fluorene‐based copolymer namely poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐9,9‐dioctyldiazafluoren‐2,7‐yl) (PF8‐co‐DAF8), with ≈20% DAF8 units. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of PF8‐co‐DAF8 via supramolecular coordination with a Lewis acid (B(C6F5)3 or AlCl3) is explored. Formation of either the PF8‐co‐DAF8‐B(C6F5)3 or PF8‐co‐DAF8‐AlCl3 adducts reduces the optical gap and causes an attendant redshift of the photoluminescence spectra. Controlling the degree and strength of the coordination allows the emission color to be tuned from blue through to green and yellow. This strategy is successfully implemented for polymer light‐emitting diodes, confirming the large degree of spectral tuning whilst maintaining good device performance. Maximum luminous efficiencies, η ≈ 1.55 cd A−1@ 2120 cd m−2, 1.32 cd A−1@ 1424 cd m−2, and 2.56 cd A−1@ 910 cd m−2 are, respectively, recorded for the blue‐emitting diodes with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) (x, y) coordinates = (0.16, 0.16), the white‐emitting diodes with CIE (x, y) = (0.28, 0.38) and the green‐emitting diodes with CIE (x, y) = (0.33, 0.52). The results highlight the versatility of the supramolecular coordination strategy in modifying the electronic structure of HCPs.

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Ultrafast Preparation of AIE‐Active Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles via a “One‐Pot” Microwave‐Assisted Kabachnik–Fields Reaction
Authors: Long Zi , Liu Meiying , Wan Qing , Mao Liucheng , Huang Hongye , Zeng Guangjian , Wan Yiqun , Deng Fengjie , Zhang Xiaoyong , Wei Yen
Published: September 2016

The development of effective strategies for fabrication of fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) with an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) feature has an important impact on the biomedical applications of these AIE‐active FONs. In the current work, an ultrafast strategy for fabricating AIE‐active FONs is developed through a “one‐pot” microwave‐assisted, catalysts‐free, and solvent‐free Kabachnik–Fields (KF) reaction for the first time. It is demonstrated that such organophosphorous‐containing AIE‐active block polymers can be synthesized within 2 min under air atmosphere through the microwave‐assisted KF reaction. These polymers show amphiphilic properties and can self‐assemble into mPEG‐CHO‐Phe‐NH2‐DEP FONs, which display high water dispersibility and desirable optical properties. Biological evaluation results suggest that the mPEG‐CHO‐Phe‐NH2‐DEP FONs exhibit low toxicity and are potential for biological imaging applications. More importantly, many other multifunctional AIE‐active FONs can also be fabricated through the strategy described in this work owing to the universality of KF reaction. Besides, combined with the excellent properties of mPEG‐CHO‐Phe‐NH2‐DEP FONs, it is believed that such microwave‐assisted KF reaction shall be an effective route for designing various AIE‐active nanomaterials for different biomedical applications.

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Functionalization of Planet–Satellite Nanostructures Revealed by Nanoscopic Localization of Distinct Macromolecular Species
Authors: Rossner Christian , Roddatis Vladimir , Lopatin Sergei , Vana Philipp
Published: September 2016

The development of a straightforward method is reported to form hybrid polymer/gold planet–satellite nanostructures (PlSNs) with functional polymer. Polyacrylate type polymer with benzyl chloride in its backbone as a macromolecular tracer is synthesized to study its localization within PlSNs by analyzing the elemental distribution of chlorine. The functionalized nanohybrid structures are analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and spectrum imaging. The results show that the RAFT (reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) polymers' sulfur containing end groups are colocalized at the gold cores, both within nanohybrids of simple core–shell morphology and within higher order PlSNs, providing microscopic evidence for the affinity of the RAFT group toward gold surfaces.

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Topological Effect on the Structure of Self‐Assembled Aggregates from Amphiphilic Macromolecules in Solution
Authors: Song Yongbing , Jiang Run , Wang Zheng , Wang Lang , Yin Yuhua , Li Baohui , Shi An‐Chang
Published: September 2016

The self‐assembled morphologies of cyclic amphiphiles, which are composed of a long hydrophobic block and a short hydrophilic block, in selective solutions are studied by using a simulated annealing method. The morphological dependence of the aggregates on solvent quality is investigated. The topology effects are studied by comparing results from linear counterparts of the amphiphiles. It is observed that, in addition to spherical micelles, cylindrical micelles, disklike micelles, vesicles, and large compound micelles, muticompartment vesicles with several fluidic cores can be formed by the cyclic systems. The morphologies are regulated by the interaction parameter εAS between the hydrophobic block and solvents. Furthermore, it is revealed that the differences of characteristics of the self‐assembled aggregates originate from the difference in architectural constraint. The wide region of forming multicompartment vesicles suggests that cyclic amphiphilic macromolecules could be a suitable candidate for applications to deliver multiple functional components by compartmentalizing different components in different confined space of vesicles.
Ultrasound versus MRI in common fibular neuropathy
Authors: Bignotti Bianca , Assini Andrea , Signori Alessio , Martinoli Carlo , Tagliafico Alberto
Published: September 2016

Introduction

We prospectively compared ultrasound (US) and MRI in patients with common fibular neuropathy.

Methods

Forty adult patients with clinical suspicion of common fibular neuropathy and 40 healthy controls underwent both US and MRI. US and MRI datasets were randomized for prospective reading.

Results

The overall sensitivity of US and MRI for diagnosing fibular neuropathy was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.7%‐97.3%) and 87.5% (95% CI, 71.55%‐93.1%), respectively. The overall specificity of US and MRI was 92% (95% CI, 77.45%‐96.1%) and 85% (95% CI, 73.3%‐94.4%), respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity of US combined with MRI were 94% (95% CI, 0.80%‐0.99%) and 84% (95% CI, 0.70%‐0.91%), respectively. Overall intra‐ and inter‐observer agreements among 3 readers were 0.76% (95% CI, 0.62%‐0.85%) and 0.74% (95% CI, 0.65%‐0.81%).

Conclusions

US diagnostic accuracy for common fibular neuropathy was slightly higher than that of MRI. Muscle Nerve 55: 849–857, 2017
Validation of the Chinese version of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale
Authors: Chan Raymond C.K. , Yang Zhuo‐ya , Li Zhi , Xie Dong‐jie , Gooding Diane C.
Published: September 2016

Social anhedonia, the reduced capacity for social and interpersonal pleasure, often accompanies several forms of psychopathology. The goal of the present study was to validate the Chinese translation of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS), a promising new tool for the assessment of individual differences in social pleasure. The Chinese versions of the ACIPS, the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS), and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) were administered to 389 nonclinical adults. Factor analysis revealed that a four‐factor structure accounted for nearly 53% of the variance, and the factors were consistent with those identified from factor analyses of the ACIPS in Western (U.S.) samples. The ACIPS measure showed high internal consistency as well. Correlational analysis revealed evidence of convergent validity. Individuals who scored high on the ACIPS were more likely to score high on measures of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. Moreover, ACIPS total scores were inversely associated with scores on the No Close Friends subscale and the Constricted Affect subscale of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Taken together, the findings suggest that the Chinese translation of the ACIPS is a reliable, valid measure that can be used to assess individual differences in the capacity to experience social and interpersonal pleasure in Chinese individuals.
In situ sulfurization to generate Sb2(Se1 − xSx)3 alloyed films and their application for photovoltaics
Authors: Yang Bo , Qin Sikai , Xue Ding‐jiang , Chen Chao , He Yi‐su , Niu Dongmei , Huang Han , Tang Jiang
Published: September 2016

Because of its tunable band gap and band position, Sb2(Se1 − xSx)3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is a promising light‐absorbing material for photovoltaic device applications. However, no systematic study on the synthesis and characterization of single‐phase polycrystalline Sb2(Se1 − xSx)3 thin films has been reported. Through introducing in situ sulfurization into the rapid thermal evaporation process, a series of single‐phase, highly crystalline Sb2(Se1 − xSx)3 films with x = 0.09, 0.20, 0.31, and 0.43 were successfully obtained, with the corresponding band gap, band position and film morphology fully revealed. Futhermore, solar cells with superstrate ITO/CdS/Sb2(Se1 − xSx)3/Au structure were fabricated and carefully optimized. Finally, a champion device having 5.79% solar conversion efficiency was obtained employing uniform Sb2(Se0.80S0.20)3 absorber layer. Our experimental investigation confirmed that Sb2(Se1 − xSx)3 is indeed a very promising absorber material worth further optimization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of visible‐light absorption in Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunctions with an interstitial at the interface
Authors: Li Lei , Li Wenshi , Yang Jianfeng , Mao Ling‐Feng
Published: September 2016

The effect of Cu/O/Ti interstitials on the visible‐light absorption in Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunctions has been investigated by ab initio methods. The three interstitials are, respectively, doped at the interface of the Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunctions. The Ti interstitial efficiently improves the visible‐light absorption, whereas the O interstitial reduces the visible‐light absorption. An independent characteristic of the visible‐light absorption is found for doping with the Cu interstitial. These phenomena originate from the different concentrations of delocalized electrons induced by the doping atom. The doping with Ti atoms could induce the aggregation of Cu ions, which release more delocalized electrons and so improve the visible‐light absorption in a Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunction.
Comparing a stratified treatment strategy with the standard treatment in randomized clinical trials
Authors: Sun Hong , Bretz Frank , Gerke Oke , Vach Werner
Published: September 2016

The increasing emergence of predictive markers for different treatments in the same patient population allows us to define stratified treatment strategies. We consider randomized clinical trials that compare a standard treatment with a new stratified treatment strategy that divides the study population into subgroups receiving different treatments. Because the new strategy may not be beneficial in all subgroups, we consider in this paper an intermediate approach that establishes a treatment effect in a subset of patients built by joining several subgroups. The approach is based on the simple idea of selecting the subset with minimal p‐value when testing the subset‐specific treatment effects. We present a framework to compare this approach with other approaches to select subsets by introducing three performance measures. The results of a comprehensive simulation study are presented, and the relative merits of the various approaches are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring potential adverse event rate differences using data from blinded trials: the canary in the coal mine
Authors: Gould A. Lawrence , Wang William B.
Published: September 2016

The development of drugs and biologicals whose mechanisms of action may extend beyond their target indications has led to a need to identify unexpected potential toxicities promptly even while blinded clinical trials are under way. One component of recently issued FDA rules regarding safety reporting requirements raises the possibility of breaking the blind for pre‐identified serious adverse events that are not the clinical endpoints of a blinded study. Concern has been expressed that unblinding individual cases of frequently occurring adverse events could compromise the overall validity of the study. However, if external information is available about adverse event rates among patients not receiving the test product in populations similar to the study population, then it may be possible to address the potential for elevated risk without unblinding the trial. This article describes a Bayesian approach for determining the likelihood of elevated risk suitable binomial or Poisson likelihoods that applies regardless of the metric used to express the difference. The method appears to be particularly appropriate for routine monitoring of safety information for project development programs that include large blinded trials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nano‐structured Magnesium Oxide as Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for Knoevenagel and Claisen‐Schmidt Condensation Reactions
Authors: Roy Biplab , Roy Anupam Singha , Panda Asit B. , Islam Sk.Manirul , Chattopadhyay Asoke P.
Published: September 2016

Nano‐structured magnesium oxide was prepared by calcining its hydromagnesite phase, obtained by simple precipitation using magnesium acetate and ammonium carbonate under ambient condition. This MgO was used as active and reusable catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile and ethylcyanoacetate under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature. It also exhibits strong activity in solvent‐free base catalyzed Claisen‐Schmidt condensation of various substituted benzaldehydes with acetophenone. The basic sites of different strengths like surface hydroxyl groups, and low coordination O2− sites may be responsible for the above catalytic activity. The experimental results showed that the nano‐MgO has high catalytic activity and can be recycled without significant loss of its activity.
Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine Derivatives: Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of their Calf Thymus DNA Binding Properties
Authors: Singla Prinka , Luxami Vijay , Paul Kamaldeep
Published: September 2016

Benzothiazole, benzimidazole and imidazopyridine promoted substitutions at C3 position of 1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine have been reported. A new series of acylation as well as monoalkylation and dialkylation of 1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine with different acyl and alkyl halides has been synthesized in moderate to good yields. Palladium catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling has also been approached for the arylation at C6 position of imidazopyridine. Further, interaction studies of these compounds have been performed with calf thymus‐DNA using UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The effect of ionic strength and iodide, determined by absorption and emission spectra, supported the binding of compounds with ct‐DNA.
ZnO‐Porphyrin Composite Nanostructures as Discriminating Adducts for Metallic Ions in Aqueous Matrices
Authors: Giancane Gabriele , Bettini Simona , Pagano Rosanna , Valli Ludovico
Published: September 2016

Tetrapyrrolic macrocycles are largely used in the sensing of various analytes both in liquid and in gaseous phase, but the strong electronic delocalization of this class of molecules makes difficult to realize a selective active layer. To overcome this problem, in the present work it is proposed the synthesis of a supramolecular adduct of zinc oxide nanostructure and a free‐base tetra‐ pyridyl substituted porphyrin. The electronic structure of the two organic/inorganic compounds allows to observe a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of the porphyrin vibrational bands. This phenomenon is quenched by the presence of mercuric and cupric ions according to two different mechanisms monitored and explained by means of time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that other substances in complex matrices, such as the food extracts, do not affect the electronic communication between ZnO and porphyrin preserving the SERS effect and minimizing the effect of interfering compounds.
Mussel Adhesion‐Inspired Reverse Transfection Platform Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation of Human Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Shin Jisoo , Cho Jung Ho , Jin Yoonhee , Yang Kisuk , Lee Jong Seung , Park Hyun‐Ji , Han Hyung‐Seop , Lee Jinkyu , Jeon Hojeong , Shin Heungsoo , Cho Seung‐Woo
Published: September 2016

Using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to regulate gene expression is an emerging strategy for stem cell manipulation to improve stem cell therapy. However, conventional methods of siRNA delivery into stem cells based on solution‐mediated transfection are limited due to low transfection efficiency and insufficient duration of cell‐siRNA contact during lengthy culturing protocols. To overcome these limitations, a bio‐inspired polymer‐mediated reverse transfection system is developed consisting of implantable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds functionalized with siRNA‐lipidoid nanoparticle (sLNP) complexes via polydopamine (pDA) coating. Immobilized sLNP complexes are stably maintained without any loss of siRNA on the pDA‐coated scaffolds for 2 weeks, likely due to the formation of strong covalent bonds between amine groups of sLNP and catechol group of pDA. siRNA reverse transfection with the pDA‐sLNP‐PLGA system does not exhibit cytotoxicity and induces efficient silencing of an osteogenesis inhibitor gene in human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs), resulting in enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Finally, hADSCs osteogenically committed on the pDA‐sLNP‐PLGA scaffolds enhanced bone formation in a mouse model of critical‐sized bone defect. Therefore, the bio‐inspired reverse transfection system can provide an all‐in‐one platform for genetic modification, differentiation, and transplantation of stem cells, simultaneously enabling both stem cell manipulation and tissue engineering.
Microfluidic Platforms for Yeast‐Based Aging Studies
Authors: Jo Myeong Chan , Qin Lidong
Published: September 2016

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a powerful model for the study of aging and has enabled significant contributions to our understanding of basic mechanisms of aging in eukaryotic cells. However, the laborious low‐throughput nature of conventional methods of performing aging assays limits the pace of discoveries in this field. Some of the technical challenges of conventional aging assay methods can be overcome by use of microfluidic systems coupled to time‐lapse microscopy. One of the major advantages is the ability of a microfluidic system to perform long‐term cell culture under well‐defined environmental conditions while tracking individual yeast. Here, recent advancements in microfluidic platforms for various yeast‐based studies including replicative lifespan assay, long‐term culture and imaging, gene expression, and cell signaling are discussed. In addition, emerging problems and limitations of current microfluidic approaches are examined and perspectives on the future development of this dynamic field are presented.
Corinthians Arena – 2014 World Cup, design and construction
Authors: Stucchi Fernando , Coelho Ungaretti Marcelo , Fujii Gilson , Corres Peiretti Hugo , Soriano Martin José , Doniak Sérgio
Published: September 2016

This paper describes the design and construction of the concrete structures of the Corinthians Arena built for the 2014 World Cup. Due to many constraints, the structure was designed, essentially, with prefabricated structural concrete members, some specific elements were designed with structural concrete cast in situ, and some areas, with special construction problems, were designed with composite steel–concrete structures.
Proteomic and genomic characterization of a yeast model for Ogden syndrome
Authors: Dörfel Max J. , Fang Han , Crain Jonathan , Klingener Michael , Weiser Jake , Lyon Gholson J.
Published: September 2016

Naa10 is an Nα‐terminal acetyltransferase that, in a complex with its auxiliary subunit Naa15, co‐translationally acetylates the α‐amino group of newly synthetized proteins as they emerge from the ribosome. Roughly 40–50% of the human proteome is acetylated by Naa10, rendering this an enzyme one of the most broad substrate ranges known. Recently, we reported an X‐linked disorder of infancy, Ogden syndrome, in two families harbouring a c.109 T > C (p.Ser37Pro) variant in NAA10. In the present study we performed in‐depth characterization of a yeast model of Ogden syndrome. Stress tests and proteomic analyses suggest that the S37P mutation disrupts Naa10 function and reduces cellular fitness during heat shock, possibly owing to dysregulation of chaperone expression and accumulation. Microarray and RNA‐seq revealed a pseudo‐diploid gene expression profile in ΔNaa10 cells, probably responsible for a mating defect. In conclusion, the data presented here further support the disruptive nature of the S37P/Ogden mutation and identify affected cellular processes potentially contributing to the severe phenotype seen in Ogden syndrome. Data are available via GEO under identifier GSE86482 or with ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD004923. © 2016 The Authors. Yeast published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐Incision and Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery in Switzerland
Authors: Steinemann Daniel C. , Zerz Andreas , Adamina Michel , Brunner Walter , Keerl Andreas , Nocito Antonio , Scheiwiller Andreas , Spalinger Rene , Vorburger Stephan A. , Lamm Sebastian H.
Published: September 2016

Background

Single‐incision laparoscopy (SIL) and natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) aim at reducing surgical access trauma. To monitor the introduction of emerging technologies, the Swiss Association for Laparo‐ and Thoracoscopic Surgeons launched a database in 2010. The current status of SIL and NOTES in Switzerland is reported, and the techniques are compared.

Methods

The number and type of procedures, surgeon experience, their impressions of performance, conversion, and complications between 2010 and 2015 are described. A survey was used to acquire additional data not included in the registry.

Results

Nine centers included 650 procedures. Cholecystectomy (55 %) and sigmoidectomy (26 %) were most prevalent in both techniques. The number of active centers declined from 9 to 2 during the study period. The frequencies of taught procedures were 4 and 43 % for SIL and NOTES (p < 0.001), and surgeon self‐estimated impression of performance was perfect in 50 and 89 %, respectively (p < 0.0001). Conversions in total were 3.6 and 5.7 %, respectively, and 1.1 % to open for both techniques. Morbidity was 5 % in SIL and 2.7 % in NOTES, with 0.8 % access‐related complications in NOTES and none in SIL (p = 0.29). Of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, sigmoidectomy, and right hemicolectomy, 11.4 and 15.6 % of cases were operated using SIL or NOTES, respectively (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Although in selected specialized centers, a considerable proportion of patients were treated using novel techniques, a fading interest of the surgical community in SIL and NOTES was observed. The proportion of SIL and NOTES procedures taught is insufficient and calls for improvement.
Comparison of AdipicVersusRenewable Azelaic Acid Polyester Polyols as Building Blocks in Soft Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
Authors: Mohd Noor Norhayati , Sendijarevic Aisa , Sendijarevic Vahid , Sendijarevic Ibrahim , Tuan Ismail Tuan Noor Maznee , Mohd Noor Mohd Azmil , Shoot Kian Yeong , Abu Hassan Hazimah
Published: September 2016

In this study, novel polyester diols of 2000 molecular weight (MW) were synthesized by reacting azelaic acid (AZ) with 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) and diethylene glycol (DEG) in the esterification reaction catalyzed with a small amount of butyltintris(2‐ethylhexanoate). As a reference, polyester polyols of 2000 MW were synthesized from adipic acid (AA) with 1,3‐PDO and DEG. The properties of polyester polyols were evaluated. The polyester polyol based on AZ and 1,3‐PDO is 100 % renewable polyol; 1,3‐PDO used in the syntheses is renewable product produced by fermentation process of sugar. Both 1,3‐PDO‐polyester polyols exhibited crystalline transition above room temperature, while DEG‐polyester polyols were liquid at room temperature. The polyester polyols were chain‐extended with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Mondur M) and 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) to form thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). TPU were evaluated for mechanical and water resistance properties, and their morphology were studied via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and atomic force microscope (AFM). TPU based on azelate and adipate polyols were relatively soft elastomeric materials with high melting temperatures. AFM analyses of TPU indicated better phase separation in 1,3‐PDO polyester polyols with the highest phase separation observed in TPU based on 1,3‐PDO/azelaic acid polyols. Water resistance of TPU based on azelate polyols was improved as compared to TPU based on adipate polyols.
The ordered assembly of tau is the gain‐of‐toxic function that causes human tauopathies
Authors: Goedert Michel
Published: September 2016

A pathological pathway leading from soluble to insoluble and filamentous tau underlies human tauopathies. This ordered assembly causes disease and is the gain‐of‐toxic function. It involves the transition from an intrinsically disordered monomer to a highly structured filament. Based on recent findings, one can divide the ordered assembly into propagation of pathology and neurodegeneration. Short tau fibrils constitute the major species of seed‐competent tau in the brains of mice transgenic for human P301S tau. The molecular species of aggregated tau that are essential for neurodegeneration remain to be identified.
THE HOMOSEXUAL LIFESTYLE: TIME USE IN SAME-SEX HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: Martell Michael E. , Roncolato Leanne
Published: September 2016

We are among the first to use American time-use data to investigate non-market behavior in gay and lesbian households. We contribute to a literature that has documented a gay disadvantage and lesbian advantage in the labor market. Many have proposed that this pattern reflects, relative to their heterosexual counterparts, higher levels of household labor among gay men and lower levels of household labor among lesbian women. Results show that gay men, parents in particular, spend more time in household production than heterosexual men. We find evidence of different time-use patterns for lesbians, but they are driven by characteristics not sexual orientation. These results also contribute to the economics of the household showing that time use in same-sex households with weaker gender constructs does not conform to the predictions of models that highlight comparative advantage as a source of specialization.
Disaster Preparedness Among University Students in Guangzhou, China: Assessment of Status and Demand for Disaster Education
Authors: Tan Yibing , Liao Xiaolan , Su Haihao , Li Chun , Xiang Jiagen , Dong Zhaoyang
Published: September 2016

Objective

This study had 2 aims. First, we evaluated the current levels of disaster preparedness among university students in southern China. Second, we assessed students’ demands for future disaster education. In addition, we examined the influence of demographic factors on current disaster preparedness status and demand.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was used. The data were collected from 1893 students in 10 universities in the Guangzhou Higher Education Mega (GHEM) center. A self-administered questionnaire developed for this study was administered to assess the current status and demand for disaster education.

Results

The results are based on 1764 valid questionnaires. Among the participants, 77.8% reported having had disaster education experiences before, 85.5% indicated their desire for a systematic disaster course, and 75.4% expressed their willingness to take such a course upon its availability. The total mean score for demand for disaster course content (5-point Likert scale) was 4.17±0.84, with items relating to rescue skills given the highest scores. These results suggested that students had high desires for disaster preparedness knowledge, especially knowledge concerning rescue skills. We observed significant differences in disaster education experiences between male and female students and across programs, school years, and home locations. Furthermore, we observed significant differences in demand for disaster course content between male and female students and across universities, student programs, years of school, and students’ majors.

Conclusion

A systematic disaster course focused on rescue skills is needed by all types of universities. To improve the disaster education system in universities, disaster drills should be performed on a semester basis as a refresher and to enhance disaster preparedness. The government and universities should support building a simulated disaster rescue center and recruit faculty from the emergency department, especially those who have had disaster relief experience. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:310–317)
Diversity and creativity in cross-national teams: The role of team knowledge sharing and inclusive climate
Authors: Bodla Ali Ahmad , Tang Ningyu , Jiang Wan , Tian Longwei
Published: September 2016

Diversity literature has demonstrated negative effects of surface-level diversity and positive effects of deep-level diversity. How do two types of diversity among cross national team members influence team knowledge sharing and team creativity? The purpose of this study is to explore conditions that leverage the positive and restrain the negative effects of team diversity on team knowledge sharing, which leads to team creativity. We expect inclusive climate as the significant condition and knowledge sharing as the profound intervening mechanism between team diversity and team creativity relationship. We tested the hypotheses with data from a sample of 60 cross-national research teams from several universities in China. The results support the hypothesized relationships among inclusive climate, team knowledge sharing, and team creativity. Our findings contribute to the advancement of team diversity and team creativity literature, and their theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
God’s Technicians: Religious Jurists and the Usury Ban in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Authors: Calder Ryan
Published: September 2016

At the heart of the $2 trillion Islamic-finance industry is a ban on interest. But why is there only anIslamicban on interest today? After all, for over a millennium, interest was also gravely sinful in Judaism and Christianity. While scholars have addressed the evolution of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic economic morality in isolation, very few since Weber have tackled the interest question directly and comparatively.

I argue that the fate of the religious interest ban has always depended on the fate of religious jurists. When religious jurists are absent, no systematic interest ban emerges. When religious jurists emerge as technical experts, the interest ban appears and thrives. And when religious jurists come under attack or lose their traditional role in society, the interest ban withers and dies.

To conclude, I call for a reconstruction of Weber’s theory of religion and economic morality that dissolves the tradition-modernity binary.
French Connections: The Reception of French Sociologists in the USA (1970-2012)
Authors: Ollion Etienne , Abbott Andrew
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the appropriation of French sociologists by US sociologists over the last four decades. Taking cues from scientometrics and from developments in the sociology of reception, it proposes a blueprint for the study of reception in times of mass digital data. Through this approach, the paper reveals two salient traits. First, out of the 200 authors of the sample, a small minority received considerable attention, while the others are virtually invisible. Second, when cited in the US, French authors are mobilized almost only as social theorists. The article then accounts for this peculiar reception by considering three levels: the intellectual structures of both fields, the local logics at play in the receiving field, and the “multiple lives” of a cited author.
SOME INEQUALITIES FOR THE NUMERICAL RADIUS FOR HILBERT SPACE OPERATORS
Authors: SHAH HOSSEINI MOHSEN , OMIDVAR MOHSEN ERFANIAN
Published: September 2016

We introduce some new refinements of numerical radius inequalities for Hilbert space invertible operators. More precisely, we prove that if $T\in {\mathcal{B}}({\mathcal{H}})$ is an invertible operator, then $\Vert T\Vert \leq \sqrt{2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}(T)$.
THE DIMENSION OF CENTRALISERS OF MATRICES OF ORDER
Authors: ZHANG DONG , ZHAO HANCONG
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we study the integer sequence$(E_{n})_{n\geq 1}$, where$E_{n}$counts the number of possible dimensions for centralisers of$n\times n$matrices. We give an example to show another combinatorial interpretation of$E_{n}$and present an implicit recurrence formula for$E_{n}$, which may provide a fast algorithm for computing$E_{n}$. Based on the recurrence, we obtain the asymptotic formula$E_{n}=\frac{1}{2}n^{2}-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{2}n^{3/2}+O(n^{5/4})$.
Rethinking the Conflict “Resource Curse”: How Oil Wealth Prevents Center-Seeking Civil Wars
Authors: Paine Jack
Published: September 2016

A broad literature on how oil wealth affects civil war onset argues that oil production engenders violent contests to capture a valuable prize from vulnerable governments. By contrast, research linking oil wealth to durable authoritarian regimes argues that oil-rich governments deter societal challenges by strategically allocating enormous revenues to enhance military capacity and to provide patronage. This article presents a unified formal model that evaluates how these competing mechanisms affect overall incentives for center-seeking civil wars. The model yields two key implications. First, large oil-generated revenues strengthen the government and exert an overall effect that decreases center-seeking civil war propensity. Second, oil revenues are less effective at preventing center-seeking civil war relative to other revenue sources, which distinguishes overall and relative effects. Revised statistical results test overall rather than relative effects by omitting the conventional but posttreatment covariate of income per capita, and demonstrate a consistent negative association between oil wealth and center-seeking civil war onset.