bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure-Activity Relationship of Chlorotoxin-Like Peptides
Authors: Ali Syed , Alam Mehtab , Abbasi Atiya , Undheim Eivind , Fry Bryan , Kalbacher Hubert , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: February 2016

Animal venom (e.g., scorpion) is a rich source of various protein and peptide toxins with diverse physio-/pharmaco-logical activities, which generally exert their action via target-specific modulation of different ion channel functions. Scorpion venoms are among the most widely-known source of peptidyl neurotoxins used for callipering different ion channels, such as; Na+, K+, Ca+, Cl−, etc. A new peptide of the chlorotoxin family (i.e., Bs-Tx7) has been isolated, sequenced and synthesized from scorpion Buthus sindicus (family Buthidae) venom. This peptide demonstrates 66% with chlorotoxin (ClTx) and 82% with CFTR channel inhibitor (GaTx1) sequence identities reported from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus venom. The toxin has a molecular mass of 3821 Da and possesses four intra-chain disulphide bonds. Amino acid sequence analysis of Bs-Tx7 revealed the presence of a scissile peptide bond (i.e., Gly-Ile) for human MMP2, whose activity is increased in the case of tumour malignancy. The effect of hMMP2 on Bs-Tx7, or vice versa, observed using the FRET peptide substrate with methoxycoumarin (Mca)/dinitrophenyl (Dnp) as fluorophore/quencher, designed and synthesized to obtain the lowest Km value for this substrate, showed approximately a 60% increase in the activity of hMMP2 upon incubation of Bs-Tx7 with the enzyme at a micromolar concentration (4 µM), indicating the importance of this toxin in diseases associated with decreased MMP2 activity.
Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection Increases Apoptosis and HIV-1 Replication in HIV-1 Infected Jurkat Cells
Authors: Wang Xue , Tan Jiying , Biswas Santanu , Zhao Jiangqin , Devadas Krishnakumar , Ye Zhiping , Hewlett Indira
Published: February 2016

Influenza virus infection has a significant impact on public health, since it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is not well-known whether influenza virus infection affects cell death and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 replication in HIV-1-infected patients. Using a lymphoma cell line, Jurkat, we examined the in vitro effects of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) infection on cell death and HIV-1 RNA production in infected cells. We found that pH1N1 infection increased apoptotic cell death through Fas and Bax-mediated pathways in HIV-1-infected Jurkat cells. Infection with pH1N1 virus could promote HIV-1 RNA production by activating host transcription factors including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways and T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-related pathways. The replication of HIV-1 latent infection could be reactivated by pH1N1 infection through TCR and apoptotic pathways. These data indicate that HIV-1 replication can be activated by pH1N1 virus in HIV-1-infected cells resulting in induction of cell death through apoptotic pathways.
The Role of HBZ in HTLV-1-Induced Oncogenesis
Authors: Zhao Tiejun
Published: February 2016

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and chronic inflammatory diseases. HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) is transcribed as an antisense transcript of the HTLV-1 provirus. Among the HTLV-1-encoded viral genes, HBZ is the only gene that is constitutively expressed in all ATL cases. Recent studies have demonstrated that HBZ plays an essential role in oncogenesis by regulating viral transcription and modulating multiple host factors, as well as cellular signaling pathways, that contribute to the development and continued growth of cancer. In this article, I summarize the current knowledge of the oncogenic function of HBZ in cell proliferation, apoptosis, T-cell differentiation, immune escape, and HTLV-1 pathogenesis.
Metagenomic Analysis of Virioplankton of the Subtropical Jiulong River Estuary, China
Authors: Cai Lanlan , Zhang Rui , He Ying , Feng Xiaoyuan , Jiao Nianzhi
Published: February 2016

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans, and encompass a significant reservoir of genetic diversity. However, little is known about their biodiversity in estuary environments, which represent a highly dynamic and potentially more diverse habitat. Here, we report a metagenomic analysis of the dsDNA viral community from the Jiulong River Estuary (JRE), China, and provide a comparative analysis with other closely related environments. The results showed that the majority of JRE virome did not show any significant similarity to the database. For the major viral group (Caudovirales) detected in the sample, Podoviridae (44.88%) were the most abundant family, followed by Siphoviridae (32.98%) and Myoviridae (17.32%). The two most abundant viruses identified in the virome were phages HTVC010P and HMO-2011, which infect bacteria belonging to marine SAR11 and SAR116 clades, respectively. Two contigs larger than 20 kb, which show similar overall genome architectures to Celeribacter phage P12053L and Thalosomonas phage BA3, respectively, were generated during assembly. Comparative analysis showed that the JRE virome was more similar to marine viromes than to freshwater viromes, and shared a relative coarse-grain genetic overlap (averaging 14.14% ± 1.68%) with other coastal viromes. Our study indicated that the diversity and community structure of the virioplankton found in JRE were mainly affected by marine waters, with less influence from freshwater discharge.
Case Studies of a Hydrocarbon Capture Technology for Stormwater Quality Class 1 Compliance against EN BS858.1-2002 and Subsequent Field Evaluation
Authors: Drapper Darren , Hornbuckle Andy
Published: February 2016

Hydrocarbon spills and management in the marine environment are of significant environmental and public health concern and the subject of many research projects. In freshwater environments the treatment and management of hydrocarbons from point and diffuse sources appears less well investigated. For hydrocarbon treatment technologies introduced into the European market, they must be tested and comply with the requirements of the European Standard EN BS858-1-2002. This Standard requires laboratory testing of full-scale models. Testing of several models of a hydrocarbon capture technology was performed in accordance with EN BS858-1:2002 at the HR Wallingford, United Kingdom (UK) and repeated at the University of South Australia (UniSA) laboratories. The results of the laboratory testing demonstrated compliance with the Standard’s Class 1 criteria of less than 5 mg/L of hydrocarbons in the effluent. Field testing of several installations of the hydrocarbon capture device in Australia has also confirmed outlet concentrations conforming to the Class 1 requirement of <5 mg/L hydrocarbons.
Establishment of a Practical Approach for Characterizing the Source of Particulates in Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Chae Seon-Ha , Kim Do-Hwan , Choi Doo , Bae Cheol-Ho
Published: February 2016

Water quality complaints related to particulate matter and discolored water can be troublesome for water utilities in terms of follow-up investigations and implementation of appropriate actions because particulate matter can enter from a variety of sources; moreover, physicochemical processes can affect the water quality during the purification and transportation processes. The origin of particulates can be attributed to sources such as background organic/inorganic materials from water sources, water treatment plants, water distribution pipelines that have deteriorated, and rehabilitation activities in the water distribution systems. In this study, a practical method is proposed for tracing particulate sources. The method entails collecting information related to hydraulic, water quality, and structural conditions, employing a network flow-path model, and establishing a database of physicochemical properties for tubercles and slimes. The proposed method was implemented within two city water distribution systems that were located in Korea. These applications were conducted to demonstrate the practical applicability of the method for providing solutions to customer complaints. The results of the field studies indicated that the proposed method would be feasible for investigating the sources of particulates and for preparing appropriate action plans for complaints related to particulate matter.
Les facteurs de croissance de la ville de Périgueux au Moyen-Âge
Authors: Higounet-Nadal Arlette
Published: February 2016

Périgueux is situated in a région in which the habitation is both ancient and continuous in time. In the middle of the XIII century, it was seen to be composed of two distinct towns, the ancient heart of the town and the town of Puy-Saint-Front. The latter and more recent was formed spontaneously and thus developed rapidly. Its development is due to a combination of many factors such as : its being situated on the transversal between La Rochelle and Montpellier ; its position as the « head » of the county ; its bond with the King of France in 1204 which permitted its citizens to become « King's citizens ». This final political arrangement was of capital importance in its demographic and economic growth. The area from which it attracted its population, although more limited than that of the XIV and XV centuries represente a maximum for the radius of 25/35 km. However, reasons from further afield may be noted. The number of births noted for a sample of families highlights the elevated coefficiants of growth which extended to 1300. This contributed along with considerable immigration to the explanation of the overpopulation of the town in the first quarter of the XIV century.
L'évolution démographique des villes toscanes à l'époque de la naissance et de l'affirmation de l'Etat régional (XVe-XVIIe siècles)
Authors: Della Pina Marco
Published: February 2016

L'évolution démographique des villes toscanes au cours du XVe et du XVIe siècles montre de façon évidente le changement des rapports entre les anciennes « Cités-Etats » et les différents équilibres internes de l'Etat florentin. Dans le cercle de la nouvelle construction régionale, la consolidation de la suprématie démographique de Florence marche du même pas avec l'expansion agricole vers l'ouest et l'éclosion d'un nouveau pôle économique dans la partie nord-ouest de l'Etat. Dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle une grande partie de la population urbaine ne se concentre que dans deux villes seulement, aux extrémités des zones agricoles en expansion : Florence, la « dominante », et Livourne, sa créature planifiée.
Population developments in the Northern Netherlands (1500 - 1800) and the validity of the "urban graveyard" effect
Authors: Van der Woude A. M.
Published: February 2016

The notion that the pre-industrial city always had a natural surplus of deaths has been accepted as almost axiomatic. In a study published in Past and Present 19 (1978) Sharlin questioned this notion by suggesting a distinction between the reproduction of the permanent population and that of the itinerant population. In this study, based on developments in Dutch cities during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, I propose that the existence of a surplus of deaths in the pre-industrial city was not a necessary feature determined for all time and places by nature, but a situation provoked by specific historical circumstances.
Politique et population dans l'histoire des villes italiennes aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles
Authors: Fasano Guarini Elena
Published: February 2016

The communication examines public measures designed to restrain or to encourage migratory phenomena and to regulate in this way urban population levels. It considers them as the expression of a political tendency to sustain the existing economic and demographic tissue rather than stimulating its development. It then emphasizes that, from the Sixteenth Century on, the action of Princes accompanies that of city governments. Démographie policy and the history of urban populations must be explained by considering the State context ; and behind the exceptional cases of urban growth (Turin or Leghorn) we must look for the action of souverains and for regional change in demographic balance.
La démographie des villes de Romagne dans les temps modernes
Authors: Bolognesi Dante
Published: February 2016

From the first third of the XVI century onwards the links between Romagne and the poor pontifical State led to a progressive economic decline which reflected on the urban demography of a country whose towns remained almost unchanging. Studies of baptisms show phases of increase and decrease separated by intervals of twenty five to thirty years. Ravenne permits us to emphasize the decisive role of the surrounding villages when considering the demographic deficit. Such a deficit is explained by the below average level of death which they exhibit.

The study underlines the difficulties brought about by the traditional opposition between a rural and an urban undifferentiated plan. It is indispensable to simplify the analysis.
Bilan démographique et bilan économique : Mantoue au cours de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Belfanti Carlo Marco
Published: February 2016

In the second half of the XVIIIth century the population increase in Mantua seems to be ruled by primitive mechanisms, considerably différent from those ruling the contemporary population growth among european northern and italian southern population, but somewhat similar to those at the basis of the demographic development of the cities in Austrian Lombardy. At Mantua, the natural balance remains substantially negative for the whole period ; infantile end juvenile mortality, with the consequent weak weight of the younger classes on the population in the whole, and a prevailing presence of females and of clerical personnel are the outstanding features of the urban demographic structure. However the backwardness of the city demographic milieu is it also resuit of the poverty of the economic environment.
La croissance démographique urbaine en Toscane entre 1750 et 1850
Authors: Del Panta Lorenzo
Published: February 2016

This article compares population trends in the principal cities, the small towns and the rural areas of the Granduchy of Tuscany in the stretch of time between the middle of the 18th and the middle of the 19th centuries. For this period, census data are quite numerous and complete, permitting detailed analysis of the growth of urban population through time.

In the 18th century we see in Tuscany a general stabilisation of the rate of growth of population in the towns compared to that in the country, but this situation begins to change from the beginning of the 19th century. Interesting dues to the factors which caused the rapid expansion of some towns and the relative stagnation of others, in population terms, can be found by concentrating on relatively circumscribed geographical areas, with theîr greater homogeneity in social and economic terms.
Mobilité de la population en territoire urbain : un secteur de Bologne dans les années 1816 et 1820
Authors: Giusberti Fabio
Published: February 2016

Objective of the essay is to contribute to the reconstruction of the « urban landscape » of eighteen century Bologna. Its spécifie focus is on the mobility of family nucleus. A « mobility map » referring to a small portion of the urban territory has been constructed by crossing démographie and topographie datas.
La première croissance de Calcutta. Quelques problèmes posés par l'étude d'un précoce « boom urbain » en Inde (de 1750 au début du XIXe siècle)
Authors: Lutaud Claude
Published: February 2016

In 1757, the British tradesmen of the « East India Company » in Bengal made a second attempt at the conquest of the site of Calcutta. Du ring the following few years, and equally during the reconstruction of the European quarter, the démographie and spatial expansion of this area seemed to become more apparent even though it remains difficult to obtain precise figures. The profit gained from the exports appears as the sole future for the new masters of Bengal. The early uncontrolled urbanization which resulted from this caused the colonial Calcutta to be seen as the heterogenous symbol of the transfer of power, this was surely made more dramatic due its social consequences.
Synthesis and nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 3-fluoro-5-nitro-1-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene
Authors: Ajenjo Javier , Greenhall Martin , Zarantonello Camillo , Beier Petr
Published: February 2016

3-Fluoro-5-nitro-1-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene was prepared by three different ways: as a byproduct of direct fluorination of 1,2-bis(3-nitrophenyl)disulfane, by direct fluorination of 4-nitro-1-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene, and by fluorodenitration of 3,5-dinitro-1-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene. The title compound was subjected to a nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the fluorine atom with oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen nucleophiles affording novel (pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes with 3,5-disubstitution pattern. Vicarious nucleophilic substitution of the title compound with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen nucleophiles provided 3-fluoro-5-nitro-1-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes substituted in position four.
SKYSCRAPER DESIGN PECULIARITY / DANGORAIŽIO PROJEKTAVIMO YPATUMAI
Authors: Volvačiovas Robertas , Ambrasas Gintautas
Published: February 2016

The paper identifies the main skyscraper implementation and existence stages, discussed skyscraper design stage, skyscraper technical project (TP) and working project (WP) composition. The article underlined the main problems of the skyscrapers at the design stage and presented their solutions.
EXPLICIT AND TACIT KNOWLEDGE IN CONSTRUCTION OF PASSIVE HOUSING, KNOWLEDGE MODELS IN LITHUANIA / IŠREIKŠTINĖS IR NEIŠREIKŠTINĖS ŽINIOS PASYVIŲJŲ NAMŲ STATYBOJE, ŽINIŲ MODELIAI PASAULYJE IR LIETUVOJE
Authors: Rutė Jevgenija
Published: February 2016

Optimization of building maintenance expenditure becomes really an urgent issue in Lithuania. People prefer a warmer housing and show interest in recent decisions of engineering systems. They are looking for the best decision of heating costs optimization to price down heating costs not 10-20%, but a number of times. The results of passive houses scientific research as well as models of passive housing are discussed in the article. They ascertain and compare features of passive housing construction in different countries which depends on climatic conditions. Most countries support traditional housing. Remarkable thermal resistance and cost efficient maintenance of passive housing may be reached through an integrated approach of using proper architectural, constructional and engineering resolution, as well as applying the most relevant material usage and elaborating and accumulating practical knowledge. Lithuania, as well as other countries in the world, reveals that the concept of tacit knowledge still lacks sufficient attention within the construction industry, despite the fact that proper understanding and management of this resource is of immense importance for the achievement of better organizational performance. As the initial step towards the management of tacit knowledge, this paper examines the factors affecting tacit knowledge generation and utilization in the construction industry.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF MULTI-APARTMENT RESIDENTIAL HOUSES / DAUGIABUČIŲ GYVENAMŲJŲ NAMŲ BŪKLĖS ANALIZĖ
Authors: Alchimovienė Jurgita , Stasiukynas Andrius , Gudienė Neringa
Published: February 2016

The most of multi-apartment residential houses in Lithuania were built before 1993. Most of these houses are uneconomical, unecological and consume a significant amount of heat energy. Such multi-apartment houses need to be modernized, and, therefore, it is important to examine and analyse their state. This paper discusses the state of structural elements of multi-apartment houses, their deterioration level, heat energy losses, as well as the problems of microclimate in the premises, layout and living environment. Modernization of buildings is effective only when the state of buildings is carefully analysed and the most suitable renovation method or scenario is selected.
ASSESSMENT OF THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION IN URBAN AREAS ON THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT / STATYBŲ PLĖTROS URBANIZUOTOSE TERITORIJOSE NEIGIAMO POVEIKIO VIETINEI APLINKAI ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Šostak Olga Regina
Published: February 2016

The article discusses densification of fully urbanised territories, which causes deterioration of living conditions for tenants of neighbouring houses (third parties) due to the negative impact of construction on local environment. Specifically, detection of fundamental right violations during territorial planning is in focus, because not only third parties but also future tenants of the house being constructed suffer loss of healthy and harmonious work and recreational environment as a direct result of such violations. A classifier of fundamental right violations during territorial planning was developed for that purpose. The judicial practice was analysed; persons authorised to contest environmental violations under the Law on Administrative Proceedings (hereinafter LAP) and the scope of their authorisation were determined.
MODERN SOLUTIONS OF TIMBER CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR ADJUSTMENT POSSIBILITIES IN LITHUANIA / MEDINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ NAUJŲ SPRENDINIŲ TAIKYMO LIETUVOJE GALIMYBĖS
Authors: Parvickaitė Kotryna
Published: February 2016

In this article analyses of modern timber construction solutions are made in order to estimate their adjustment possibilities in Lithuania. Construction analyses are made according to the national Building law and other regulations. Two dwelling houses, build in Vilnius, are used as an example to examine whether their designed reinforced concrete and masonry constructions are replaceable by modern timber constructions.
THE HEAVY VECHICLES INTERACTION WITH ROAD PAVEMENT INFLUENCE TO CONSTRUCTION LAYERS ANALYZIS / SUNKIŲJŲ AUTOMOBILIŲ SĄVEIKOS SU KELIO DANGA IR JŲ ĮTAKOS KONSTRUKCIJOS SLUOKSNIAMS ANALIZĖ
Authors: Sokolov Jurij , Sivilevičius Henrikas
Published: February 2016

Smoothness is the main feature of road exploitation. It particularly affects movement speed, safety and driving comfort. Evenness of the road belongs of three factors: strength of the pavement construction, heavy vehicle traffic and the impact of the axle mass over it’s term of exploitation. The main negative influence on Lithuanian roads has a overloaded heavy vehicle in excess of the permissible axle load limits. Static and dynamic vehicle weighing equipment and technologies were presented in the article. This article explores overloaded heavy vehicle damage done to Lithuanian roads and its intensity increase. Discuss the basic preventive techniques and methods to prevent the rapid wear of pavements. Also analysis of changes in axial load data through the 2009 August is done.
THE DEPENDING OF EMBEDDED STRUCTURES STATE OF AIRPORTS OBJECTS IN TERMS OF THE BOUNDARY EQUILIBRIUM STATE OF SOIL SEMISPACE / ORO UOSTOSE ESANČIŲ ĮGILINTŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ ELEMENTŲ DEFORMUOTAS BŪVIS VERTINANT SĄVEIKĄ SU GRUNTU / ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗАГЛУБЛЕННЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОБЪЕКТОВ АЭРОПОРТОВ ОТ ГРАНИЧНОГО РАВНОВЕСИЯ ГРУНТОВОГО ПОЛУПРОСТРАНСТВА
Authors: Prusov Dmitrij , Beljatynskij Andrej
Published: February 2016

The basis of the research methodology of the stress-strain state of underground facilities and defense airports and airfields structures are considered in complex difficult geological conditions.
TURBULENT MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC RECONNECTION MEDIATED BY THE PLASMOID INSTABILITY
Authors: Huang Yi-Min , Bhattacharjee A.
Published: February 2016

It has been established that the Sweet–Parker current layer in high Lundquist number reconnection is unstable to the super-Alfvénic plasmoid instability. Past two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations have demonstrated that the plasmoid instability leads to a new regime where the Sweet–Parker current layer changes into a chain of plasmoids connected by secondary current sheets, and the averaged reconnection rate becomes nearly independent of the Lundquist number. In this work, a three-dimensional simulation with a guide field shows that the additional degree of freedom allows plasmoid instabilities to grow at oblique angles, which interact and lead to self-generated turbulent reconnection. The averaged reconnection rate in the self-generated turbulent state is of the order of a hundredth of the characteristic Alfvén speed, which is similar to the two-dimensional result but is an order of magnitude lower than the fastest reconnection rate reported in recent studies of externally driven three-dimensional turbulent reconnection. Kinematic and magnetic energy fluctuations both form elongated eddies along the direction of the local magnetic field, which is a signature of anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Both energy fluctuations satisfy power-law spectra in the inertial range, where the magnetic energy spectral index is in the range from −2.3 to −2.1, while the kinetic energy spectral index is slightly steeper, in the range from −2.5 to −2.3. The anisotropy of turbulence eddies is found to be nearly scale-independent, in contrast with the prediction of the Goldreich–Sridhar theory for anisotropic turbulence in a homogeneous plasma permeated by a uniform magnetic field.
HIGH-SPEED PHOTOMETRY OF THE DISINTEGRATING PLANETESIMALS AT WD1145+017: EVIDENCE FOR RAPID DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION
Authors: Gänsicke B. T. , Aungwerojwit A. , Marsh T. R. , Dhillon V. S. , Sahman D. I. , Veras Dimitri , Farihi J. , Chote P. , Ashley R. , Arjyotha S. , Rattanasoon S. , Littlefair S. P. , Pollacco D. , Burleigh M. R.
Published: February 2016

We obtained high-speed photometry of the disintegrating planetesimals orbiting the white dwarf WD 1145+017, spanning a period of four weeks. The light curves show a dramatic evolution of the system since the first observations obtained about seven months ago. Multiple transit events are detected in every light curve, which have varying durations (≃3–12 minutes) and depths (≃10%–60%). The time-averaged extinction is ≃11%, much higher than at the time of the Kepler observations. The shortest-duration transits require that the occulting cloud of debris has a few times the size of the white dwarf, longer events are often resolved into the superposition of several individual transits. The transits evolve on timescales of days, both in shape and in depth, with most of them gradually appearing and disappearing over the course of the observing campaign. Several transits can be tracked across multiple nights, all of them recur on periods of ≃4.49 hr, indicating multiple planetary debris fragments on nearly identical orbits. Identifying the specific origin of these bodies within this planetary system, and the evolution leading to their current orbits remains a challenging problem.
DES14X3taz: A TYPE I SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA SHOWING A LUMINOUS, RAPIDLY COOLING INITIAL PRE-PEAK BUMP
Authors: Smith M. , Sullivan M. , D’Andrea C. B. , Castander F. J. , Casas R. , Prajs S. , Papadopoulos A. , Nichol R. C. , Karpenka N. V. , Bernard S. R. , Brown P. , Cartier R. , Cooke J. , Curtin C. , Davis T. M. , Finley D. A. , Foley R. J. , Gal-Yam A. , Goldstein D. A. , González-Gaitán S. , Gupta R. R. , Howell D. A. , Inserra C. , Kessler R. , Lidman C. , Marriner J. , Nugent P. , Pritchard T. A. , Sako M. , Smartt S. , Smith R. C. , Spinka H. , Thomas R. C. , Wolf R. C. , Zenteno A. , Abbott T. M. C. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Buckley-Geer E. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Crocce M. , Cunha C. E. , Costa L. N. da , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Estrada J. , Evrard A. E. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Li T. S. , Marshall J. L. , Martini P. , Miller C. J. , Miquel R. , Nord B. , Ogando R. , Plazas A. A. , Reil K. , Romer A. K. , Roodman A. , Rykoff E. S. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Walker A. R. , Wester W. ,   (The DES Collaboration)
Published: February 2016

We present DES14X3taz, a new hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) discovered by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) supernova program, with additional photometric data provided by the Survey Using DECam for Superluminous Supernovae. Spectra obtained using Optical System for Imaging and low-Intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy on the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS show DES14X3taz is an SLSN-I at z = 0.608. Multi-color photometry reveals a double-peaked light curve: a blue and relatively bright initial peak that fades rapidly prior to the slower rise of the main light curve. Our multi-color photometry allows us, for the first time, to show that the initial peak cools from 22,000 to 8000 K over 15 rest-frame days, and is faster and brighter than any published core-collapse supernova, reaching 30% of the bolometric luminosity of the main peak. No physical 56Ni-powered model can fit this initial peak. We show that a shock-cooling model followed by a magnetar driving the second phase of the light curve can adequately explain the entire light curve of DES14X3taz. Models involving the shock-cooling of extended circumstellar material at a distance of ≃400

are preferred over the cooling of shock-heated surface layers of a stellar envelope. We compare DES14X3taz to the few double-peaked SLSN-I events in the literature. Although the rise times and characteristics of these initial peaks differ, there exists the tantalizing possibility that they can be explained by one physical interpretation.
L’effet du policier toujours chaleureux : impact de la centralité du trait et de la fréquence de la conduite sur la réduction des attributions stéréotypées
Authors: Oulmokhtar Djamel , Castel Davy
Published: February 2016

L’objectif de cette recherche était d’étudier l’impact d’informations comportementales contre stéréotypées plus ou moins diagnostiques sur la réduction de l’attribution stéréotypée à un policier. La diagnosticité a été opérationnalisé par le croisement de deux variables indépendantes : la centralité (central vs périphérique) du trait contredit et la fréquence (constante vs occasionnelle) de la conduite. Les résultats indiquent que le plus de réduction du stéréotype est induit par la conduite constante qui contredit le trait central et le moindre effet par la conduite occasionnelle qui contredit le trait périphérique. L’effet de la centralité est plus robuste que celui de la fréquence. Les résultats sont discutés en termes d’effet de diagnosticité de l’information sur l’attention et des modèles cognitifs de changement des stéréotypes.
Principes pratiques de l’animatique des groupes. Stratégies d’animation en vue d’un apprentissage expérientiel
Authors: Faulx Daniel , Danse Cédric
Published: February 2016

Le paradigme de la dynamique des groupes restreints inclut les postulats, intentions et principes sous-jacents aux processus groupaux. Il formate la méthodologie de leur animation. Quatorze des constituants de ce paradigme sont ici repris, à l’intention des formateurs, sous l’angle de leur application à la pratique de l’animation. Ils forment un ensemble cohérent et guident l’animateur dans son utilisation de la méthodologie des expériences structurées.
Le chemin des bœufs
Authors: Bourgois Alice , Bertaudière Sandrine , Guyard Laurent , Lepetz Sébastien
Published: February 2016

L’agglomération antique de Vieil-Évreux, dans l’Eure, a fait l’objet de nombreuses campagnes de fouilles programmées au cours de ces vingt dernières années. La reprise de l’étude archéozoologique en 2014 permet aujourd’hui de proposer un nouveau regard sur la place de l’animal dans cette ville des Aulerques Eburovices , et de relier entre eux les différents quartiers l’agglomération en suivant les déplacements des carcasses animales, en particulier celles des bovins. Le bœuf semble en effet être l’espèce dominante sur le site de Vieil-Évreux ; bien qu’il soit moins présent dans le castellum , on retrouve ses restes en abondance dans le macellum au III e siècle de notre ère. De nombreux questionnements découlent de cette répartition particulière : d’où viennent ces bœufs ? Sont-ils sélectionnés suite à une préférence alimentaire, rituelle ou d’une nécessité ? Qu’advient-il des carcasses des animaux abattus et comment sont-elles évacuées ou recyclées ?
« Le Grand massacre des chiens »
Authors: Exbalin Arnaud
Published: February 2016

Qui veut noyer son chien l’accuse de la rage dit le proverbe... et lorsqu’il n’y a pas d’épidémie de rage comme ce fut le cas à Mexico à la fin du XVIII e siècle, de quoi les 35 000 chiens alors exécutés par les gardes nocturnes sont-ils accusés ? Qui sont les chiens éliminés ? Comment sont-ils abattus ? Quelles sont les réactions du voisinage ? Notre communication répondra à ces interrogations à partir d’une liasse inédite retrouvée aux archives municipales de Mexico et intitulée « Matanzas de perros ». La prévention contre les morsures d’animaux malades, une explication traditionnellement avancée par les historiens pour comprendre ces massacres canins, n’est pas dans le cas de Mexico à elle seule suffisante. Notre hypothèse est qu’il faut analyser les canicides à la lumière d’une rationalisation gouvernementale qui s’affirme clairement à la fin du XVIII e siècle.
La mort animale rituelle en ville
Authors: Franck Alice , Gardin Jean , Givre Olivier
Published: February 2016

En examinant de manière comparative le déroulement et les enjeux du sacrifice musulman dans trois contextes métropolitains différents, cet article interroge la place de la mort animale rituelle dans l’espace urbain, à partir d’exemples ethnographiques issus d’enquêtes de terrain réalisées lors de la « fête du sacrifice » en 2014. Les exemples d’Istanbul, Khartoum et Paris traduisent des perceptions, des pratiques et des gestions à la fois distinctes et comparables d’un événement rituel simultanément associé à la tradition religieuse et confronté à de profondes transformations au sein de sociétés urbanisées et globalisées. Qu’il relève d’une forme de normalité rituelle (Khartoum), d’une pratique jugée « déplacée » (Paris) ou encore d’une pratique à la fois domestiquée et controversée (Istanbul), le sacrifice en ville s’avère tout à la fois un enjeu spatial et social, économique et politique. Il offre un observatoire privilégié des représentations plurielles et croisées de la place de l’animal (et de sa mort) dans les espaces urbains.
Les stratégies de responsabilité sociale des petites et moyennes entreprises : quels effets pour quelles parties prenantes ?
Authors: Bonneveux Élise , Soparnot Richard
Published: February 2016

Ces vingt dernières années se sont caractérisées par la montée en puissance progressive des préoccupations écologiques, sociétales et sociales dans le management des entreprises. L’observation de l’intégration effective des principes du développement durable (DD) en PME suggère pourtant quelques nuances. D’une part, l’engagement durable des firmes se caractérise par une hétérogénéité certaine. Il oscille entre l’absence de réponse et l’attitude proactive. Et d’autre part, lorsque cet engagement existe, l’orientation durable varie : les entreprises peuvent mettre l’accent sur le pilier de l’écologie, celui du social ou encore celui du sociétal. Afin d’analyser les différences d’intensité et d’orientation de la stratégie responsable des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), l’article questionne le rôle des parties prenantes (PP). Il développe pour ce faire trois catégories de proposition. Celles-ci forment le cadre conceptuel de l’étude empirique. Trois études de cas sont menées au sein de PME du secteur de la métallurgie. Elles révèlent l’influence significative mais non exclusive des PP dans les stratégies responsables des PME, tant en termes d’intensité que d’orientation.
Clinical and Functional Outcomes of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing System
Authors: Pascual-Garrido Cecilia , Morris Brandon L. , Dayton Michael R.
Published: February 2016

This study reported the outcomes of patients treated with the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing System (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, Tennessee) to identify the prevalence of complications and failures. A retrospective review of 202 patients (206 hips) was performed. Outcomes were assessed clinically with Harris Hip Score at 6 and 12 months and then yearly. Subanalysis was performed, with the hips divided according to patient sex and size of the femoral component. Mean patient age was 51±8 years, and mean follow-up was 4±1.6 years. Of the patients, 163 were men (83%) and 35 were women (17%). Postoperative improvement was significant, with preoperative Harris Hip Score of 62.9±10.6 and postoperative Harris Hip Score of 98.6±6.7 (
P
<.001). There were 9 patients (4%) who had complications. A total of 5 hips (2.4%) underwent revision. At 3 years, mean survival was better for men than for women (99% vs 92%, respectively). Survival was lowest in patients with femoral component diameter of less than 46 mm. According to the authors' results, the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing System resulted in good clinical outcomes at 4 years. Survival and outcomes in women, particularly those with modest bone size, are inferior. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e236–e239.]
Saphenous and Infrapatellar Nerves at the Adductor Canal: Anatomy and Implications in Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Anagnostopoulou Sofia , Anagnostis George , Saranteas Theodosios , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Paraskeuopoulos Tilemachos
Published: February 2016

Conflicting data exist regarding the anatomical relationship of the saphenous and infrapatellar nerves at the adductor canal and the location of the superior foramen of the canal. Therefore, the authors performed a cadaveric study to detail the relationship and course of the saphenous and infrapatellar nerves and the level of the superior foramen of the canal. The adductor canal and subsartorial compartment were dissected in 17 human cadavers. The distance between the superior foramen of the canal and the mid-distance (MD) between the base of the patella and the anterior superior iliac crest were measured; the course of the saphenous and infrapatellar nerves and the level of origin of the infrapatellar branch were detailed. In 13 of 17 specimens, the superior foramen of the adductor canal was distal to the MD (mean, 6.5 cm); in the remaining specimens, it was proximal to the MD. In 12 of 17 specimens, the infrapatellar branch exited the canal separately from the saphenous nerve; in the remaining specimens, it originated caudally to the canal. In all dissections, the infrapatellar branch had a constant course in close proximity to the saphenous nerve within the canal and between the sartorious muscle and femoral artery caudally to the canal. Most commonly, the superior foramen of the adductor canal is located caudally to the MD; the infrapatellar branch originates from the saphenous nerve within the canal and has a constant course in close proximity to the saphenous nerve. These observations should be considered for regional anesthesia techniques at the adductor canal. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e259–e262.]
Transosseous Physeal-Sparing Rotator Cuff Repair in an Adolescent Football Player
Authors: Alley Maxwell C. , Banerjee Samik , Papaliodis Dean , Tsitos Konstantinos , Zanaros George S.
Published: February 2016

Rotator cuff injuries in the pediatric and adolescent population are rare. These injuries are normally caused by an acute event or by repeated microtrauma as a result of poor mechanics during overhead sporting activities. Overall, these injuries account for fewer than 1% of all rotator cuff tears. Physeal injuries, tuberosity avulsions (“rotator cuff equivalents”), and proximal humeral fractures commonly occur in the pediatric population. Traumatic full-thickness rotator cuff ruptures that occur in this age group during contact sports are an extremely uncommon cause of shoulder pain. The rarity of this type of injury in the pediatric and adolescent population may be the result of the excellent tensile properties of rotator tendons in childhood that often resist mechanical forces better than the growth plate or the apophyses. This report describes a full-thickness rotator cuff tear and a posterior labral tear in a 12-year-old boy who had a direct injury to the shoulder while playing football. The authors' goal in reporting this case is to increase orthopedic surgeons' awareness of this type of injury. Early use of magnetic resonance imaging for persistent shoulder pain after direct injury during contact sports may avoid undue delay in diagnosis. This report also describes the mini-open transosseous extraphyseal technique of cuff repair and reviews the literature on this infrequent injury. Overall, excellent clinical outcomes and return to sports can be expected after surgical repair of torn and often retracted tendons. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e353–e358.]
REPRO: A NEW REDUCTION/EXPANSION PROTOCOL TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE OF IMAGE TRANSMISSION IN MEDICAL TELEDIAGNOSIS PLATFORMS
Authors: Amri Hédi , Hanna Fouad , Lapayre Jean-Christophe , Khalfallah Ali , Bouhlel MS
Published: February 2016

Despite their frequent use in our daily life, the expansion and reduction of images are among the least studied research areas in the literature. That is why the present research paper undertakes the study of the different techniques used for reducing and enlarging images, whose combination will be a new protocol (REPro) for the transmission of medical images. The proposed approach consists in reducing the image when sent and enlarging it when received, which allows for consumption saving of the bandwidth allocated to the diagnostics service. To do so, the performance of our new protocol was tested for the transfer of scars images (color images) and ultrasound images (grayscale images) in terms of the resemblance between the original image, on one hand, and the reduced and then enlarged one, on the other hand.
EARLY CLINICAL PROGNOSIS FOR HIGH-RISK CHEST PAIN PATIENTS USING SMART TEXTILES
Authors: Hsiao Chun-Chieh , Lee Ren-Guey , Tien Sheng-Chung , Feng Yen-Yi , Huang Shih-Feng
Published: February 2016

According to statistics, up to 40% of emergency admissions are due to chest tightness or chest pain. However, merely based on the patient’s current symptoms such as chest pain, it is difficult for a physician to give an instant diagnosis as most cardiovascular diseases are chronic. To address this issue, it is necessary to provide a set of tools to indicate the patient’s status during hospitalization to help the physician in diagnosis. It is thus our primary objective to design and develop a wearable heart rate monitoring system and prediction tool that can measure the patient’s heart rate parameters, allow him/her to move around easily, and which also can effectively improve the medical personnel’s working efficiency. This research utilizes conductive filament to design textile to integrate electric circuit with clothing. Using a conductive vest and chest belt that can be worn comfortably, our system can continuously record patients’ physiological index parameters during their hospitalization. Physiological index parameters of multiple patients can then be transmitted wirelessly and recorded in a physician-end computer. At the end of their hospitalization, the patient’s original physiological indices together with the recorded heart rate variability (HRV) parameters can then be summarized to assess the risk score of their discharging from hospital. This paper adopts the concept of TIMI risk score, while adding every index of HRV measured when subjects are hospitalized. The risk score can hence be used to provide emergency physicians as a basis for an early prognosis and subsequently a better hospital-discharging assessment of patients with chest pain. The accuracy of the proposed prognosis has been verified with the 3-day and 30-day recall rate of the patients and the result has been shown to be promising for chest pain patients in emergency admission units.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VISUAL ATTENTION TASKS ON OBSTACLE CROSSING IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Lo On-Yee , Chou Li-Shan
Published: February 2016

Dual-task obstacle crossing gait paradigms are commonly adopted to examine how attentional demands are associated with sensory-motor processing during obstacle crossing. Various attention tasks have been used with mixed findings. This raises a question whether and how different attention tasks would affect motor function differently. Therefore, we examined and compared the effects of two visual attention tasks on obstacle crossing in healthy young adults. In the first experiment, 10 young adults responded to a 200[Formula: see text]ms visuospatial attention task during the approaching phase of obstacle crossing. In the second experiment, another 10 young adults responded to a visual Stroop task while approaching and crossing an obstacle. In both experiments, subjects completed an obstacle crossing only, a visual attention only, or a dual-task obstacle crossing condition in a random order. Dual-task costs were calculated for each visual attention task on the accuracy rates, toe-obstacle clearances and gait velocities. Two tripping incidences occurred only in the dual-task condition with visuospital attention task. Trailing toe-obstacle clearance reduced in the dual-task condition with visuospital attention task, but toe-obstacle clearances of both limbs increased in the dual-task condition with Stroop task. Gait velocities were not affected by the visuospatial attention task but were significantly reduced when concurrently performing the Stroop task. Dual-task costs were significantly different between two experiments on the gait velocity and toe clearances, but not on the accuracy rate. Our findings demonstrated that different visual attention tasks lead to distinct modifications on obstacle crossing behaviors.
Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis: An oversensationalized but unresolved problem?
Authors: Latib Azeem , Chieffo Alaide , Colombo Antonio
Published: February 2016

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Presentata dal GICR alla Regione Calabria una proposta per una rete di strutture di cardiologia riabilitativa
Authors: Pietropaolo Franco
Published: February 2016

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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: from Italy to the world
Authors: Balbi B. , Luisetti M. , Corda L. , Gatta N.
Published: February 2016

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Respiratory pattern, thoracoabdominal motion and ventilation in chronic airway obstruction
Authors: Fernandes M. , Cukier A. , Ambrosino N. , Leite J.J. , Zanetti Feltrim M.I.
Published: February 2016

Background. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present abnormal respiratory mechanics, but its relation to ventilation variables at rest is not fully understood. Methods. We evaluated breathing pattern, thoracoabdominal motion, and ventilation in moderate and severe COPD patients by means of respiratory inductive plethysmograph and analysis of respiratory metabolism in semirecumbent position at rest. Diaphragmatic movement was measured using radiographs. Results. COPD patients showed an increase in mean inspiratory flow, minute ventilation, dead space ventilation, oxygen and carbon dioxide ventilatory equivalents and reduction of respiratory times and pulse oxymetry. These findings were more pronounced in severe COPD. Changes in ventilatory efficiency were correlated with decreased respiratory times, reduced diaphragmatic movement, and lower oxygen uptake. Conclusions. Rapid shallow breathing and reduced diaphragmatic movement have led to ventilatory inefficiency without changes in thoracoabdominal motion.