bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A culturally adapted unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of anxiety disorders in adolescents (UP-A): a randomized waitlist-controlled trial
Authors: Zemestani Mehdi , Ezzati Saman , Nasiri Farzad , Gallagher Matthew W. , Barlow David H. , Kendall Philip C.
Published: July 2023

Background

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and debilitating conditions that show high comorbidity rates in adolescence. The present article illustrates how Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) was adapted for Iranian adolescents with anxiety disorders.

Methods

A total of 54 adolescents with comorbid anxiety disorders participated in a randomized, waitlist-controlled trial of group weekly sessions of either UP-A or waitlist control (WLC). Primary and process of change outcomes were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up.

Results

Significant changes were observed over time on major DSM-5 anxiety disorder symptoms (F(2, 51) = 117.09, p < 0.001), phobia type symptoms (F(2, 51) = 100.67, p < 0.001), and overall anxiety symptoms (F(2, 51) = 196.29, p < 0.001), as well as on emotion regulation strategies of reappraisal (F(2, 51) = 17.03, p < 0.001), and suppression (F(2, 51) = 21.13, p < 0.001), as well as on intolerance of uncertainty dimensions including prospective (F(2, 51) = 74.49, p < 0.001), inhibitory (F(2, 51) = 45.94, p < 0.001), and total intolerance of uncertainty (F(2, 51) = 84.42, p < 0.001), in favor of UP-A over WLC.

Conclusion

Overall, results provide a cultural application of the UP-A and support the protocol as useful for improving anxiety disorders as well as modifying of emotion regulation strategies and intolerance of uncertainty dimensions in Iranian adolescents. Future directions and study limitations are discussed.
Tactile engagement of prospective next speakers in Indonesian multiparty conversations
Authors: Blythe Joe , Hamdani Fakry , Barnes Scott
Published: July 2023

This article investigates the use of touch as a tool for engaging prospective next speakers within Indonesian multiparty conversation. We examine the lamination of touch onto questions directed towards specifically targeted recipients. First, we find that questions with touch are deployed when the physical environment complicates the attainment of mutual orientation. Second, when previously targeted recipients have failed to respond to a question, touch is added to follow-up questions that are deployed for pursuing a response. Third, touch is added to questions that are personal or that inquire about potentially delicate matters. This multimodal investigation of conversational turn-taking provides data from Colloquial Indonesian as basis for cross-linguistic comparison. In considering the volume of touches in these data we ask whether cultural and environmental factors might contribute to a haptic modification of ordinary turn-taking procedures. (Turn-taking, touch, multimodality, sociotopography)
Choreographing Proximity and Difference: Vassos Kanellos's Performance of Greekness as an Embodied Negotiation with Western Dance Modernity
Authors: Leon Anna
Published: July 2023

Countering the historiographic under-representation of Greek modern dance, this article focuses on early twentieth-century dance artist Vassos Kanellos. Combining Western/European choreographic inputs and local, often traditional, elements, Kanellos rearticulated the inscription of Greek dance in historical time—beyond a sole focus on antiquity—and anchored it in a nationally marked space and in the specificity of a posited Greek “race.” Informed by new modernist studies, this article reads Kanellos's practice as a reflection of the country's process of constructing a hegemonic national identity against a background in which Greece constituted both Europe's subaltern periphery and the foundation of its genealogical narrative.
An Artist Speaks “The intellect travels in many different directions”: Talkin’ with Eleo Pomare (1937–2008)
Authors: Fensham Rachel
Published: July 2023

This interview with Eleo Pomare focuses on his role as the choreographer of mature creative works that intermingle with his formation as a Black artist and activist after he returned from Europe to live and work in New York in the mid-1960s. It begins with discussion of his creative work in the community during the period of the Vietnam War and the movement for civil rights. Pomare reflects upon his early training and choreographic experiments as well as describes the construction of some of his best-known performance works. He ends with some thoughts on political advocacy and his influence on dance policy and dance criticism, and throughout the conversation Pomare shares insights about his philosophy as a Black dance artist.
Breathing Back the History of German Modern Dance through the Horror Film Genre in Luca Guadagnino's Suspiria (2018)
Authors: Lim Wesley
Published: July 2023

Director Luca Guadagnino's film Suspiria (2018) depicts the dancer Susie Bannion joining a dance academy secretly run by a coven of witches in Berlin during the German Autumn of 1977. This article analyzes how Mary Wigman's Hexentanz II, contemporary dance, and horror film practices inform Susie's neo-expressionist movement form, which is also steeped in the discourse surrounding the RAF (Red Army Faction), the West German far-left militant organization, and fascism. I argue that “historical breathing”—breaths and sighs—takes on a sensorial mode by surveying the past and current situation of the dance school. By inhaling, Susie embodies the dance Volk (1948) and can feel its vexed choreographic history—its occult origins and Ausdruckstanz practices. Furthermore, her dance futilely attempts to comes to terms with the Nazi past but inevitably replicates the violence of the RAF.
DOUBLE LAYERED COMPRESSIBLE MASKS
Authors: FOWKES N. D. , MASON D. P.
Published: July 2023

Double-masking may be used to reduce the transmission of a virus. If additionally the masks are compressible, with different permeabilities and behaviour under compression, then it may be possible to design a mask that allows for easy breathing under normal breathing conditions, but is relatively impermeable under coughing or sneezing conditions. Such a mask could be both comfortable to wear and effective. We obtain analytical solutions for the steady-state flow-through behaviour of such a double mask under flow-out conditions. The results show that the reduction in permeability required to produce a relatively impermeable mask under high flux expulsion (sneezing) conditions could be achieved using either a single filter compressible mask or two filters with different poroelastic parameters. The parameters can be more easily adjusted using a double mask. For both single- and double-mask cases, there is an abrupt cut off, whereby through-flux levels reduce from a maximum value to zero as pressure drop levels increase beyond a critical value. Additionally, in the double-mask case, there exists a second steady-state solution for particular parameter ranges. This second solution is unlikely to occur under normal circumstances.
Insights into the genetic diversity of Indian cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]: for a future research perspective
Authors: Preethy T. T. , Murugan Muthusamy , Mathews Nimisha , Kuriakose Astile
Published: July 2023

One of the most essential prerequisites in plant breeding is to have a maximum collection of germplasm materials with all sorts of variability. As a part of the programme under the All India Coordinated Research Projects on Spices, totally 196 germplasm accessions of small cardamom are being maintained as field gene bank repository at the Cardamom Research Station, Pampadumpara. Tropical evergreen forests of the Indian Western Ghats and Sri Lankan Central Highlands are recognized as the home of cardamom. The area and production of cardamom are maximum in Kerala followed by Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Variations among the germplasm collections in morphological and biometrical characters as well as for yield have been studied and reported in this paper. Accessions with distinct morphological marker characters, such as compound panicle types, terminal panicle bearing, narrow leaf types, pink pseudostem types, dark green bold capsules with high-yield potential and biotic-stress tolerant types, are being evaluated and conserved in this repository. The assessment of genetic diversity is an essential prerequisite for undertaking crop breeding activities to evolve suitable area and region-specific variety. Sixty-seven cardamom accessions were studied for genetic diversity by evaluating 14 unique characters for 3 years (2016–2018). Almost all accessions have shown significant variability for most of the biometric and biotic stress characters. Results have indicated a greater magnitude of genetic diversity of small cardamom present among accessions representing whole evergreen tropical forest of the Western Ghats.
Marine Heatwaves Contribute More to Changing Air‐Water Exchange of Semi‐Volatile Organic Compounds Than Mean Sea Surface Temperature Rise
Authors: Fan Qinya , Yao Yulong , Liao Qihang , Chen Hongyu , Zou Xinqing , Fu Guanghe , Feng Ziyue , Ding Yongcheng , Yuan Feng
Published: July 2023

A consequence of global warming, marine heatwaves (MHWs), have destructive effects on local marine ecology. However, few studies have examined their influence on the biogeochemical carbon cycle. Here we show, global warming has changed the air‐water exchange of semi‐volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and MHWs contribute more to changing air‐water exchange of SVOCs than increases in mean sea surface temperature (SST). Higher temperatures increased the flux of SVOCs exchange from water to air and suppressed the exchange from air to water. As a result, the MHWs lead to a 13.27% decrease for the daily flux of single SVOC and 0.05% decrease for annual flux of total SVOCs. In contrast, the raising of mean SST result of 0.14% decrease for the daily flux of single SVOC, and 0.01% decrease for annual flux of total SVOCs. Moreover, we observed inversion in the direction of SVOCs air‐water exchange during some MHWs.
Chimney‐Like Intense Pelagic Upwelling in the Center of Basin‐Scale Cyclonic Gyres in Large Lake Geneva
Authors: Hamze‐Ziabari S. M. , Lemmin U. , Foroughan M. , Reiss R. S. , Barry D. A.
Published: July 2023

Basin‐scale quasi‐geostrophic gyres are common features of large lakes subject to Coriolis force. Cyclonic gyres are often characterized by dome‐shaped thermoclines that form due to pelagic upwelling that takes place in their center. At present, the dynamics of pelagic upwelling within the surface mixed layer (SML) of large lakes are poorly documented. A unique combination of high‐resolution 3D numerical modeling, satellite imagery and field observations allowed confirming, for the first time in a lake, the existence of intense pelagic upwelling in the center of cyclonic gyres under strong shallow (summer) and weak deep (winter) stratified conditions/thermocline. Field observations in Lake Geneva revealed that surprisingly intense upwelling from the thermocline to the SML and even to the lake surface occurred as chimney‐like structures of cold water within the SML, as confirmed by Advanced Very High‐Resolution Radiometer data. Results of a calibrated 3D numerical model suggest that the classical Ekman pumping mechanism cannot explain such pelagic upwelling. Analysis of the contribution of various terms in the vertically averaged momentum equation showed that the nonlinear (advective) term dominates, resulting in heterogeneous divergent flows within cyclonic gyres. The combination of nonlinear heterogeneous divergent flow and 3D ageostrophic strain caused by gyre distortion is responsible for the chimney‐like upwelling in the SML. The potential impact of such pelagic upwelling on long‐term observations at a measurement station in the center of Lake Geneva suggests that caution should be exercised when relying on limited (in space and/or time) profile measurements for monitoring and quantifying processes in large lakes.
Evaluating EAMv2 Simulated High Latitude Clouds Using ARM Measurements in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xie Shaocheng , Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Damao , Lin Wuyin , Zhang Kai , Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Zheng Xue , Zhang Yuying
Published: July 2023

This study evaluates high latitude stratiform mixed‐phase clouds (SMPC) in the atmosphere model of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (EAMv2) by utilizing one‐year‐long ground‐based remote sensing measurements from the Atmospheric Radiation and Measurement (ARM) program. A nudging approach is applied to model simulations for a constrained comparison with the ARM observations. Observed and modeled SMPCs are sampled and collocated to address the difference in data resolution, so that we can consistently evaluate their macrophysical properties at the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site in the Arctic and the McMurdo (AWR) site in the Antarctic. We found that EAMv2 overestimates SMPC frequency of occurrence at both sites. However, the model captures the observed larger cloud frequency of occurrence at the NSA site. For collocated SMPCs, the annual statistics of observed cloud macrophysics are generally reproduced at the NSA site, while at the AWR site, there are larger biases. Compared to the AWR site, the lower cloud top and cloud base and the warmer cloud top temperature observed at NSA are well simulated. On the other hand, simulated cloud phase is substantially biased. The model largely overestimates liquid water path, and the ice water path is underestimated at NSA, but at AWR, the liquid water path is frequently underestimated due to the dominance of snow in Antarctic SMPCs. As a result, the observed hemispheric difference in cloud phase partitioning is misrepresented in EAMv2. This study implies that additional model development is needed for high latitude mixed‐phase clouds.
A Ground‐Based Instrument Suite for Integrated High‐Time Resolution Measurements of Pulsating Aurora With Arase
Authors: Hosokawa K. , Oyama S.‐I. , Ogawa Y. , Miyoshi Y. , Kurita S. , Teramoto M. , Nozawa S. , Kawabata T. , Kawamura Y. , Tanaka Y.‐M. , Miyaoka H. , Kataoka R. , Shiokawa K. , Brändström U. , Turunen E. , Raita T. , Johnsen M. G. , Hall C. , Hampton D. , Ebihara Y. , Kasahara Y. , Matsuda S. , Shinohara I. , Fujii R.
Published: July 2023

A specialized ground‐based system has been developed for simultaneous observations of pulsating aurora (PsA) and related magnetospheric phenomena with the Arase satellite. The instrument suite is composed of (a) six 100 Hz sampling high‐speed all‐sky imagers (ASIs), (b) two 10 Hz sampling monochromatic ASIs observing 427.8 and 844.6 nm auroral emissions, (c) a 20 Hz sampling fluxgate magnetometer. The 100 Hz ASIs were deployed in four stations in Scandinavia and two stations in Alaska, which have been used for capturing the main pulsations and quasi 3 Hz internal modulations of PsA at the same time. The 10 Hz sampling monochromatic ASIs have been operative in Tromsø, Norway with the 20 Hz sampling magnetometer. Combination of these multiple instruments with the European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) radar enables us to detect the low‐altitude ionization due to energetic electron precipitation during PsA and further to reveal the ionospheric electrodynamics behind PsA. Since the launch of the Arase satellite, the data from these instruments have been examined in comparison with the wave and particle data from the satellite in the magnetosphere. In the future, the system can be utilized not only for studies of PsA but also for other classes of aurora in close collaboration with the planned EISCAT_3D project.
A Framework of Dependence Modeling and Evaluation System for Compound Flood Events
Authors: Wang Xu , Shen Yong‐Ming
Published: July 2023

The coincidence and superposition of flood processes from different rivers and regions tend to form compound flood events, determined by spatial relationship between diverse flood processes that cannot be accurately depicted and evaluated by existing dependence analysis methods. A framework, integrating multi‐dimensional vine copula model and dependence evaluation system, was developed with a testing‐oriented application to explore underlying dependence between two kinds of extreme runoff series (peak discharge and flood volume) extracted from the identified compound flood events in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Multi‐dimensional regular vine (R‐vine) copula models were established to depict the complex and diverse dependence, and corresponding vine structure was specified by the vine structure array that can reflect the sequence of tributaries flowing into the main stream and the spatial locations of different hydrometric stations. Dependence magnitude and association status were calculated and compared according to the optimal R‐vine copula models and information theory. Comparison with existing methods demonstrated that dependence evaluation system could reflect nonlinear and local dependence characteristics and eliminate the effect of extreme runoff series from other hydrometric station on the dependence. The association status between different extreme runoff series of the upper Yangtze River and its tributaries were diverse in view of the impact of tributary flood inflow. The proposed framework can be regarded as an effective way for dependence modeling and evaluation of compound floods, thus providing a scientific reference for the risk analysis of water resources systems.
Body composition and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in global multi-ethnic populations
Authors: Carter Jennifer L. , Abdullah Noraidatulakma , Bragg Fiona , Murad Nor Azian Abdul , Taylor Hannah , Fong Chin Siok , Lacey Benjamin , Sherliker Paul , Karpe Fredrik , Mustafa Norlaila , Lewington Sarah , Jamal Rahman
Published: July 2023

Background

No large-scale studies have compared associations between body composition and cardiovascular risk factors across multi-ethnic populations.

Methods

Population-based surveys included 30,721 Malay, 10,865 Indian and 25,296 Chinese adults from The Malaysian Cohort, and 413,737 White adults from UK Biobank. Sex-specific linear regression models estimated associations of anthropometry and body composition (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], fat mass, appendicular lean mass) with systolic blood pressure (SBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and HbA1c.

Results

Compared to Malay and Indian participants, Chinese adults had lower BMI and fat mass while White participants were taller with more appendicular lean mass. For BMI and fat mass, positive associations with SBP and HbA1c were strongest among the Chinese and Malay and weaker in White participants. Associations with triglycerides were considerably weaker in those of Indian ethnicity (eg 0.09 [0.02] mmol/L per 5 kg/m2 BMI in men, vs 0.38 [0.02] in Chinese). For appendicular lean mass, there were weak associations among men; but stronger positive associations with SBP, triglycerides, and HbA1c, and inverse associations with LDL-C, among Malay and Indian women. Associations between WC and risk factors were generally strongest in Chinese and weakest in Indian ethnicities, although this pattern was reversed for HbA1c.

Conclusion

There were distinct patterns of adiposity and body composition and cardiovascular risk factors across ethnic groups. We need to better understand the mechanisms relating body composition with cardiovascular risk to attenuate the increasing global burden of obesity-related disease.
Incorporation of a Toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist potentiates mRNA vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases
Authors: Gu Yangzhuo , Yang Jingyun , He Cai , Zhao Tingmei , Lu Ran , Liu Jian , Mo Xianming , Wen Fuqiang , Shi Huashan
Published: July 2023

mRNA vaccines have emerged rapidly in recent years as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against various diseases including cancer and infectious diseases. Improvements of mRNA vaccines have been underway, among which boosting of efficacy is of great importance. Pam2Cys, a simple synthetic metabolizable lipoamino acid that signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/6 pathway, eliciting both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses, is an interesting candidate adjuvant. To investigate the enhancement of the efficacies of mRNA vaccines by Pam2Cys, the adjuvant was incorporated into mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to achieve co-delivery with mRNA. Immunization with the resulting mRNA-LNPs (Pam2Cys) shaped up the immune milieu in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) through the induction of IL-12 and IL-17, among other cytokines. Antigen presentation was carried out mainly by migratory and dLN-resident conventional type 2 DCs (cDC2s) and significantly more potent antitumor responses were triggered in both prophylactic and therapeutic tumor models in a CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-dependent fashion. Accompanying memory antitumor immunity was also established. Moreover, the vaccine also stimulated much more robust humoral and cellular immunity in a surrogate COVID-19 prophylactic model. Last but not the least, the new vaccines exhibited good preliminary safety profiles in murine models. These facts warrant future development of Pam2Cys-incorporated mRNA vaccines or relevant mRNA therapeutics for clinical application.
Chronic oxidative stress adaptation in head and neck cancer cells generates slow-cyclers with decreased tumour growth in vivo
Authors: Berner Julia , Miebach Lea , Kordt Marcel , Seebauer Christian , Schmidt Anke , Lalk Michael , Vollmar Brigitte , Metelmann Hans-Robert , Bekeschus Sander
Published: July 2023

Background

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in cancer therapy and as drivers of microenvironmental tumour cell adaptations. Medical gas plasma is a multi-ROS generating technology that has been shown effective for palliative tumour control in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients before tumour cells adapted to the oxidative stress and growth regressed fatally.

Methods

In a bedside-to-bench approach, we sought to explore the oxidative stress adaptation in two human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Gas plasma was utilised as a putative therapeutic agent and chronic oxidative stress inducer.

Results

Cellular responses of single and multiple treated cells were compared regarding sensitivity, cellular senescence, redox state and cytokine release. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed a strong correlation of cancer cell adaption with increased interleukin 1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) expression. Using magnetic resonance imaging, tumour growth and gas plasma treatment responses of wild-type (WT) and repeatedly exposed (RE) A431 cells were further investigated in a xenograft model in vivo. RE cells generated significantly smaller tumours with suppressed inflammatory secretion profiles and increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity showing significantly lower gas plasma sensitivity until day 8.

Conclusions

Clinically, combination treatments together with cetuximab, an EGFR inhibitor, may overcome acquired oxidative stress resistance in HNC.
MGCG regulates glioblastoma tumorigenicity via hnRNPK/ATG2A and promotes autophagy
Authors: Chu Fang , Wu Pengfei , Mu Maolin , Hu Shanshan , Niu Chaoshi
Published: July 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain cancer in adults and has constantly been a focus of research. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the development of cancers. To illustrate the role of lncRNAs in the development of glioblastoma, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to obtain the transcripts using three freshly isolated tumor tissue samples from GBM patients and three normal brain tissue samples from the traumatic brain of patients. Then, a lncRNA, MGCG (MGC70870 is expressed at a high level in glioblastoma), which has not been reported previously in GBM, was found to be associated with the prognosis of patients. The results of bioinformatic analysis showed that MGCG was correlated with autophagy and positively correlated with the expression of the autophagy-related gene ATG2A. The data of mass spectrometry demonstrated that the hnRNPK protein was a direct target interacting with MGCG, and MGCG/hnRNPK promoted the development of GBM by enhancing the translation of ATG2A and autophagy. In conclusion, the present study showed that MGCG has the potential to promote the development of GBM and may become a candidate for molecular diagnostics and treatment of tumors.
Mannose antagonizes GSDME-mediated pyroptosis through AMPK activated by metabolite GlcNAc-6P
Authors: Ai Yuan-li , Wang Wei-jia , Liu Fan-jian , Fang Wei , Chen Hang-zi , Wu Liu-zheng , Hong Xuehui , Zhu Yuekun , Zhang Ci-xiong , Liu Long-yu , Hong Wen-bin , Zhou Bo , Chen Qi-tao , Wu Qiao
Published: July 2023

Pyroptosis is a type of regulated cell death executed by gasdermin family members. However, how gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis is negatively regulated remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mannose, a hexose, inhibits GSDME-mediated pyroptosis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Mechanistically, mannose metabolism in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway increases levels of the metabolite N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6P), which binds AMPK to facilitate AMPK phosphorylation by LKB1. Activated AMPK then phosphorylates GSDME at Thr6, which leads to blockade of caspase-3-induced GSDME cleavage, thereby repressing pyroptosis. The regulatory role of AMPK-mediated GSDME phosphorylation was further confirmed in AMPK knockout and GSDMET6E or GSDMET6A knock-in mice. In mouse primary cancer models, mannose administration suppressed pyroptosis in small intestine and kidney to alleviate cisplatin- or oxaliplatin-induced tissue toxicity without impairing antitumor effects. The protective effect of mannose was also verified in a small group of patients with gastrointestinal cancer who received normal chemotherapy. Our study reveals a novel mechanism whereby mannose antagonizes GSDME-mediated pyroptosis through GlcNAc-6P-mediated activation of AMPK, and suggests the utility of mannose supplementation in alleviating chemotherapy-induced side effects in clinic applications.
Contact-engineered reconfigurable two-dimensional Schottky junction field-effect transistor with low leakage currents
Authors: Zhou Yaoqiang , Tong Lei , Chen Zefeng , Tao Li , Pang Yue , Xu Jian-Bin
Published: July 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been considered promising candidates for future low power-dissipation and reconfigurable integrated circuit applications. However, 2D transistors with intrinsic ambipolar transport polarity are usually affected by large off-state leakage currents and small on/off ratios. Here, we report the realization of a reconfigurable Schottky junction field-effect transistor (SJFET) in an asymmetric van der Waals contact geometry, showing a balanced and switchable n- and p-unipolarity with the Ids on/off ratio kept >106. Meanwhile, the static leakage power consumption was suppressed to 10−5 nW. The SJFET worked as a reversible Schottky rectifier with an ideality factor of ~1.0 and a tuned rectifying ratio from 3 × 106 to 2.5 × 10−6. This empowered the SJFET with a reconfigurable photovoltaic performance in which the sign of the open-circuit voltage and photo-responsivity were substantially switched. This polarity-reversible SJFET paves an alternative way to develop reconfigurable 2D devices for low-power-consumption photovoltaic logic circuits.
Atomic stiffness for bulk modulus prediction and high-throughput screening of ultraincompressible crystals
Authors: Jin Ruihua , Yuan Xiaoang , Gao Enlai
Published: July 2023

Determining bulk moduli is central to high-throughput screening of ultraincompressible materials. However, existing approaches are either too inaccurate or too expensive for general applications, or they are limited to narrow chemistries. Here we define a microscopic quantity to measure the atomic stiffness for each element in the periodic table. Based on this quantity, we derive an analytic formula for bulk modulus prediction. By analyzing numerous crystals from first-principles calculations, this formula shows superior accuracy, efficiency, universality, and interpretability compared to previous empirical/semiempirical formulae and machine learning models. Directed by our formula predictions and verified by first-principles calculations, 47 ultraincompressible crystals rivaling diamond are identified from over one million material candidates, which extends the family of known ultraincompressible crystals. Finally, treasure maps of possible elemental combinations for ultraincompressible crystals are created from our theory. This theory and insights provide guidelines for designing and discovering ultraincompressible crystals of the future.
Block-level vulnerability assessment reveals disproportionate impacts of natural hazards across the conterminous United States
Authors: Yarveysi Farnaz , Alipour Atieh , Moftakhari Hamed , Jafarzadegan Keighobad , Moradkhani Hamid
Published: July 2023

The global increase in the frequency, intensity, and adverse impacts of natural hazards on societies and economies necessitates comprehensive vulnerability assessments at regional to national scales. Despite considerable research conducted on this subject, current vulnerability and risk assessments are implemented at relatively coarse resolution, and they are subject to significant uncertainty. Here, we develop a block-level Socio-Economic-Infrastructure Vulnerability (SEIV) index that helps characterize the spatial variation of vulnerability across the conterminous United States. The SEIV index provides vulnerability information at the block level, takes building count and the distance to emergency facilities into consideration in addition to common socioeconomic vulnerability measures and uses a machine-learning algorithm to calculate the relative weight of contributors to improve upon existing vulnerability indices in spatial resolution, comprehensiveness, and subjectivity reduction. Based on such fine resolution data of approximately 11 million blocks, we are able to analyze inequality within smaller political boundaries and find significant differences even between neighboring blocks.
IL1R1+ cancer-associated fibroblasts drive tumor development and immunosuppression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Koncina E. , Nurmik M. , Pozdeev V. I. , Gilson C. , Tsenkova M. , Begaj R. , Stang S. , Gaigneaux A. , Weindorfer C. , Rodriguez F. , Schmoetten M. , Klein E. , Karta J. , Atanasova V. S. , Grzyb K. , Ullmann P. , Halder R. , Hengstschläger M. , Graas J. , Augendre V. , Karapetyan Y. E. , Kerger L. , Zuegel N. , Skupin A. , Haan S. , Meiser J. , Dolznig H. , Letellier E.
Published: July 2023

Fibroblasts have a considerable functional and molecular heterogeneity and can play various roles in the tumor microenvironment. Here we identify a pro-tumorigenic IL1R1+, IL-1-high-signaling subtype of fibroblasts, using multiple colorectal cancer (CRC) patient single cell sequencing datasets. This subtype of fibroblasts is linked to T cell and macrophage suppression and leads to increased cancer cell growth in 3D co-culture assays. Furthermore, both a fibroblast-specific IL1R1 knockout and IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra administration reduce tumor growth in vivo. This is accompanied by reduced intratumoral Th17 cell infiltration. Accordingly, CRC patients who present with IL1R1-expressing cancer-associated-fibroblasts (CAFs), also display elevated levels of immune exhaustion markers, as well as an increased Th17 score and an overall worse survival. Altogether, this study underlines the therapeutic value of targeting IL1R1-expressing CAFs in the context of CRC.
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell heterogeneity is inherited from the embryonic endothelium
Authors: Ghersi Joey J. , Baldissera Gabriel , Hintzen Jared , Luff Stephanie A. , Cheng Siyuan , Xia Ivan Fan , Sturgeon Christopher M. , Nicoli Stefania
Published: July 2023

Definitive haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) generate erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid lineages. HSPCs are produced in the embryo via transdifferentiation of haemogenic endothelial cells in the aorta–gonad–mesonephros (AGM). HSPCs in the AGM are heterogeneous in differentiation and proliferative output, but how these intrinsic differences are acquired remains unanswered. Here we discovered that loss of microRNA (miR)-128 in zebrafish leads to an expansion of HSPCs in the AGM with different cell cycle states and a skew towards erythroid and lymphoid progenitors. Manipulating miR-128 in differentiating haemogenic endothelial cells, before their transition to HSPCs, recapitulated the lineage skewing in both zebrafish and human pluripotent stem cells. miR-128 promotes Wnt and Notch signalling in the AGM via post-transcriptional repression of the Wnt inhibitor csnk1a1 and the Notch ligand jag1b. De-repression of cskn1a1 resulted in replicative and erythroid-biased HSPCs, whereas de-repression of jag1b resulted in G2/M and lymphoid-biased HSPCs with long-term consequence on the respective blood lineages. We propose that HSPC heterogeneity arises in the AGM endothelium and is programmed in part by Wnt and Notch signalling.
Emissions savings from equitable energy demand reduction
Authors: Büchs Milena , Cass Noel , Mullen Caroline , Lucas Karen , Ivanova Diana
Published: July 2023

Energy demand reduction (EDR) will be required to reach climate targets in the Global North. To be compatible with just transitions principles, EDR needs to be equitable. Equitable EDR may involve targeting high energy users while ensuring the satisfaction of needs for all, which could require increasing consumption of low users. Emissions impacts of equitable EDR approaches have not yet been assessed. This Article finds that capping energy use of the top quintile of consumers across 27 European countries can achieve considerable greenhouse gas emissions reductions of 11.4% from domestic energy, 16.8% from transport and 9.7% from total energy consumption. Increasing consumption of low energy users in poverty reduces these savings by only 1.2, 0.9 and 1.4 percentage points, respectively. Additional high annual emissions cuts of 7.3–24.0% would be required for Europe to meet globally equitable 2050 emissions budgets. Equitable EDR could make an important contribution to increasing public acceptance of such transformative action.
DNA-origami-directed virus capsid polymorphism
Authors: Seitz Iris , Saarinen Sharon , Kumpula Esa-Pekka , McNeale Donna , Anaya-Plaza Eduardo , Lampinen Vili , Hytönen Vesa P. , Sainsbury Frank , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Linko Veikko , Huiskonen Juha T. , Kostiainen Mauri A.
Published: July 2023

Viral capsids can adopt various geometries, most iconically characterized by icosahedral or helical symmetries. Importantly, precise control over the size and shape of virus capsids would have advantages in the development of new vaccines and delivery systems. However, current tools to direct the assembly process in a programmable manner are exceedingly elusive. Here we introduce a modular approach by demonstrating DNA-origami-directed polymorphism of single-protein subunit capsids. We achieve control over the capsid shape, size and topology by employing user-defined DNA origami nanostructures as binding and assembly platforms, which are efficiently encapsulated within the capsid. Furthermore, the obtained viral capsid coatings can shield the encapsulated DNA origami from degradation. Our approach is, moreover, not limited to a single type of capsomers and can also be applied to RNA–DNA origami structures to pave way for next-generation cargo protection and targeting strategies.
Young glial progenitor cells competitively replace aged and diseased human glia in the adult chimeric mouse brain
Authors: Vieira Ricardo , Mariani John N. , Huynh Nguyen P. T. , Stephensen Hans J. T. , Solly Renee , Tate Ashley , Schanz Steven , Cotrupi Natasha , Mousaei Marzieh , Sporring Jon , Benraiss Abdellatif , Goldman Steven A.
Published: July 2023

Competition among adult brain cells has not been extensively researched. To investigate whether healthy glia can outcompete diseased human glia in the adult forebrain, we engrafted wild-type (WT) human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) produced from human embryonic stem cells into the striata of adult mice that had been neonatally chimerized with mutant Huntingtin (mHTT)-expressing hGPCs. The WT hGPCs outcompeted and ultimately eliminated their human Huntington’s disease (HD) counterparts, repopulating the host striata with healthy glia. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that WT hGPCs acquired a YAP1/MYC/E2F-defined dominant competitor phenotype upon interaction with the host HD glia. WT hGPCs also outcompeted older resident isogenic WT cells that had been transplanted neonatally, suggesting that competitive success depended primarily on the relative ages of competing populations, rather than on the presence of mHTT. These data indicate that aged and diseased human glia may be broadly replaced in adult brain by younger healthy hGPCs, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for the replacement of aged and diseased human glia.
Psychological profiles of anti-vaccination argument endorsement
Authors: Holford Dawn L. , Fasce Angelo , Costello Thomas H. , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: July 2023

The proliferation of anti-vaccination arguments online can threaten immunisation programmes, including those targeting COVID-19. To effectively refute misinformed views about vaccination, communicators need to go beyond providing correct information and debunking of misconceptions, and must consider the underlying motivations of people who hold contrarian views. Drawing on a taxonomy of anti-vaccination arguments that identified 11 “attitude roots”—i.e., psychological attributes—that motivate an individual’s vaccine-hesitant attitude, we assessed whether these attitude roots were identifiable in argument endorsements and responses to psychological construct measures corresponding to the presumed attitude roots. In two UK samples (total n = 1250), we found that participants exhibited monological belief patterns in their highly correlated endorsements of anti-vaccination arguments drawn from different attitude roots, and that psychological constructs representing the attitude roots significantly predicted argument endorsement strength and vaccine hesitancy. We identified four different latent anti-vaccination profiles amongst our participants’ responses. We conclude that endorsement of anti-vaccination arguments meaningfully dovetails with attitude roots clustering around anti-scientific beliefs and partisan ideologies, but that the balance between those attitudes differs considerably between people. Communicators must be aware of those individual differences.
Gallium-68 labelled RGD PET/CT imaging of endothelial activation in COVID-19 patients
Authors: van Genugten Evelien A. J. , van Lith Theresa J. , van den Heuvel Frederik M. A. , van Steenis Josee L. , ten Heggeler Romy M. , Brink Monique , Rodwell Laura , Meijer Frederick J. A. , Lobeek Daphne , Hagmolen of ten Have Wanda , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Netea Mihai G. , Prokop Mathias , Nijveldt Robin , Tuladhar Anil M. , Aarntzen Erik H. J. G.
Published: July 2023

In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), endothelial cells play a central role and an inadequate response is associated with vascular complications. PET imaging with gallium-68 labelled RGD-peptide (68Ga-RGD) targets αvβ3 integrin expression which allows quantification of endothelial activation. In this single-center, prospective observational study, we included ten hospitalized patients with COVID-19 between October 2020 and January 2021. Patients underwent 68Ga-RGD PET/CT followed by iodine mapping of lung parenchyma. CT-based segmentation of lung parenchyma, carotid arteries and myocardium was used to quantify tracer uptake by calculating standardized uptake values (SUV). Five non-COVID-19 patients were used as reference. The study population was 68.5 (IQR 52.0–74.5) years old, with median oxygen need of 3 l/min (IQR 0.9–4.0). 68Ga-RGD uptake quantified as SUV ± SD was increased in lungs (0.99 ± 0.32 vs. 0.45 ± 0.18, p < 0.01) and myocardium (3.44 ± 1.59 vs. 0.65 ± 0.22, p < 0.01) of COVID-19 patients compared to reference but not in the carotid arteries. Iodine maps showed local variations in parenchymal perfusion but no correlation with SUV. In conclusion, using 68Ga-RGD PET/CT in COVID-19 patients admitted with respiratory symptoms, we demonstrated increased endothelial activation in the lung parenchyma and myocardium. Our findings indicate the involvement of increased and localized endothelial cell activation in the cardiopulmonary system in COVID-19 patients.

Trail registration: NCT04596943.
Elite male table tennis matches diagnosis using SHAP and a hybrid LSTM–BPNN algorithm
Authors: Song Honglin , Li Yutao , Zou Xiaofeng , Hu Ping , Liu Tianbiao
Published: July 2023

This study adopts a new approach, SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP), to diagnose the table tennis matches based on a hybrid algorithm, namely Long Short-Term Memory–Back Propagation Neural Network (LSTM–BPNN). 100 male singles competitions (8535 rallies) from 2019 to 2022 are analyzed by a hybrid technical–tactical analysis theory, which hybridizes the double three-phase and four-phase evaluation theories. A k-means cluster analysis is conducted to classify 59 players’ winning rates into three levels (high, medium, and low). The results show that LSTM–BPNN has excellent performance (MSE = 0.000355, MAE = 0.014237, RMSE = 0.018853, and$${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$$R2= 0.988311) compared with six typical artificial intelligence algorithms. Using LSTM–BPNN to calculate the SHAP value of each feature, the global results find that the receive-attack and serve-attack phases of the ending match have essential impacts on the mutual winning probabilities. Finally, case applications show that the SHAP can directly obtain each feature importance on one or more matches, which is more objective and reliable than the traditional simulation method. This research explores an innovative way to understand and analyze matches, and these results have implications for the performance analysis of table tennis and related racket sports.
Ferromagnetism in two-dimensional metal dibromides induced by hole-doping
Authors: Meng Ruishen , Houssa Michel
Published: July 2023

Using spin-polarized first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the stability, electronic properties and magnetic behavior induced by hole-doping of two-dimensional (2D) PbBr2 and HgBr2. Although inherently nonmagnetic, these materials can exhibit stable ferromagnetic order when hole-doped at densities above a few 1013 cm-2. We also examined the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic defects on inducing hole-doping and subsequent ferromagnetism. Our findings suggest that p-type doping can be achieved by Pb and Hg vacancies and Br antisites, but the latter behaves as deep acceptors. Among the possible dopants we considered, Li substituting Pb or Hg, and S replacing Br in 2D HgBr2, can produce shallow acceptor states near the valence band edges and potentially result in a stable ferromagnetic order in these 2D dibromides.
Predicting overall performance in Ironman 70.3 age group triathletes through split disciplines
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Valero David , Weiss Katja , Villiger Elias , Thuany Mabliny , Sousa Caio Victor , Andrade Marilia , Knechtle Beat
Published: July 2023

Knowing which discipline contributes most to a triathlon performance is important to plan race pacing properly. To date, we know that the running split is the most decisive discipline in the Olympic distance triathlon, and the cycling split is the most important discipline in the full-distance Ironman® triathlon. However, we have no knowledge of the Ironman® 70.3. This study intended to determine the most crucial discipline in age group athletes competing from 2004 to 2020 in a total of 787 Ironman® 70.3 races. A total of 823,459 athletes (198,066 women and 625,393 men) from 240 different countries were analyzed and recorded in 5-year age groups, from 18 to 75 + years. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and two-way ANOVA were applied, considering p < 0.05. No differences in the regression analysis between the contributions of the swimming, cycling, and running splits could be found for all age groups. However, the correlation analysis showed stronger associations of the cycling and running split times than the swimming split times with overall race times and a smaller difference in swimming performance between males and females in age groups 50 years and older. For age group triathletes competing in Ironman® 70.3, running and cycling were more predictive than swimming for overall race performance. There was a progressive reduction in the performance gap between men and women aged 50 years and older. This information may aid triathletes and coaches in planning their race tactics in an Ironman® 70.3 race.
Evaluation of stresses on mandible bone and prosthetic parts in fixed prosthesis by utilizing CFR-PEEK, PEKK and PEEK frameworks
Authors: Shash Yomna H. , El-Wakad Mohamed T. , El-Dosoky Mohamed A. A. , Dohiem Mohamed M.
Published: July 2023

Fixed prostheses are appropriate treatment solutions for edentulous patients. In fixed prostheses, following “All on four”, titanium frameworks are commonly used to support the implants. However, the limitations of titanium have prompted researchers to search for alternative materials (e.g. polymers). This study applied finite element investigation to evaluate the stress distribution in the parts of fixed prosthesis and the surrounding bone tissue, using polymeric frameworks in place of titanium, and different densities of spongy bone. As, the success of fixed prosthesis was predicted to be influenced also by bone quality, particularly spongy bone density. Fixed prosthesis was constructed on edentulous mandible, then different frameworks (CFR-PEEK 60%, CFR-PEEK 30%, PEKK, and PEEK) were stimulated instead of titanium, under 300N unilateral and bilateral forces. Three densities of spongy bone were stimulated which are normal, low and high. The choice of framework material depended on the density of spongy bone. Moreover, PEEK framework showed the lowest stress values on bone tissues and the highest stress values on mucosa. All frameworks could be used in the fixed prosthesis, in the cases of normal and high densities of spongy bone. In low-density case, soft frameworks (PEKK and PEEK) were recommended to reduce the stresses generated on bone tissues.
Super-resolution of magnetic systems using deep learning
Authors: Lee D. B. , Yoon H. G. , Park S. M. , Choi J. W. , Chen G. , Kwon H. Y. , Won C.
Published: July 2023

We construct a deep neural network to enhance the resolution of spin structure images formed by spontaneous symmetry breaking in the magnetic systems. Through the deep neural network, an image is expanded to a super-resolution image and reduced to the original image size to be fitted with the input feed image. The network does not require ground truth images in the training process. Therefore, it can be applied when low-resolution images are provided as training datasets, while high-resolution images are not obtainable due to the intrinsic limitation of microscope techniques. To show the usefulness of the network, we train the network with two types of simulated magnetic structure images; one is from self-organized maze patterns made of chiral magnetic structures, and the other is from magnetic domains separated by walls that are topological defects of the system. The network successfully generates high-resolution images highly correlated with the exact solutions in both cases. To investigate the effectiveness and the differences between datasets, we study the network’s noise tolerance and compare the networks’ reliabilities. The network is applied with experimental data obtained by magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy and spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy.