bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lorlatinib: new therapeutic options for ALK-positive patients
Authors: Reutova E. V.
Published: November 2022

In less than 10 years, the standard of drug therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed tremendously. The emphasis on a personalized approach in the choice of treatment tactics in patients with advanced NSCLC yields tangible results. The identification of patients with activating mutations and the administration of targeted therapy to them has significantly improved the results of treatment. Translocations in the ALK gene are classified as rare mutations. As a rule, these are quite young people, non-smokers or with little experience of smoking. One of the characteristic features of ALK-positive NSCLC is frequent metastasis to the CNS, so one of the important criteria for the effectiveness of new drugs is the assessment of their intracranial activity. Lorlatinib is a thirdgeneration tyrosine kinase (TKI) ALK that penetrates the blood-brain barrier well and has a wide spectrum of antitumor activity against most known resistance mutations that appear during targeted therapy with crizotinib and second-generation TKI. Like its predecessors, lorlatinib was initially approved for second- and third-line use in patients already treated sequentially with crizotinib and one of the second-generation drugs, or starting their treatment with a second-generation TCT. After the publication of the results of the randomized comparative study CROWN, which demonstrated a convincing advantage of the drug compared to crizotinib in the first line of treatment, its high intracranial activity, the indications were expanded. Currently, lorlatinib is registered in the Russian Federation for use in ALK-positive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both those who have already received targeted therapy for first and/or second generation ALK TKIs, and in untreated patients.
In silico Study of Essential Oil of Bambusa vulgaris Leaves as an Anti Beta-lactamase Compound
Authors: Anggini Pragati Wira , Amanina Syahidah Asma , Asyura Salwa Rainha , Dion Romario
Published: November 2022

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is known as an extended spectrum beta (β)-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing bacteria, which produces enzymes that cause resistance to β-lactam antibiotics by degrading β-lactam ring. A solution is needed to prevent the degradation of the β-lactam ring. In this in silico study, combining β-lactam antibiotics with secondary metabolites has the possibility to inhibit the active site of the β-lactamase enzyme. This study aimed to explore the potential of the essential oil of yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) leaves as inhibitors of β-lactamase. Materials and methods: This research was conducted by simulating molecular docking to determine the interaction of ligands with proteins, pharmacological tests of compounds based on the Lipinski’s rule of five, and ligand toxicity tests with pkCSM. Results: The free bond energy values (∆G) were in the range of -4.3 to -8.0 kcal/mol. The ligands with the best ∆G value were sulfur pentafluoride (-8.0 kcal/mol), squalene (-7.3 kcal/mol), 3-aminodibenzofuran (-7.1 kcal/mol), and 2- monolaurin (-5.5 kcal/mol). Secondary metabolites from the essential oil of B. vulgaris leaves fulfilled Lipinski’s rule of five, so that oral use can be carried out except for squalene and tridecane. Conclusion: Secondary metabolite compounds in the essential oil that have potential as oral drugs based on the Lipinski pharmacological test and the pkCSM toxicity test are dipivaloylmethane, β-ocimene, 2-monolaurin, and undecane. Keywords: β-lactamase, Bambusa vulgaris, essential oil, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acteoside (Verbascoside): A Prospective Therapeutic Alternative against
Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting the Expression of AXL, FGFR,
BRAF, TIE2 and RAF1 Targets
Authors: Kityania Sibashish , Nath Rajat , Nath Deepa , Patra Jayanta Kumar , Talukdar Anupam Das
Published: November 2022

Aim:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world's second leading cause of cancerrelated
mortality and the fifth most prevalent cancer overall. Several synthetic and plant-based
remedies are in practice to treat diverse liver disorders. Because of their minimal side effects and
protective characteristics, plant phenolics have the potential to become alternative therapeutics, replacing
currently existing HCC medications. The present study identifies the plant phenolics as
having the capacity to inhibit HCC with low side effects and cost efficiency.

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, despite
the proven effectiveness of screening programs for at-risk individuals, the majority of patients
have disease progression or tumor characteristics that preclude curative therapies at the time of diagnosis.
Acteoside (Verbascoside) is a naturally occurring phenylethanoid glycoside found
throughout the plant kingdom. Acteoside is a physiologically active chemical with the number of
pharmacological and protective effects against various liver illnesses.

Objectives:

Currently used HCC medications have a variety of side effects. Plant-based chemicals
offer the possibility of treating HCC with minimal side effects. The work is targeted to find the
best phytochemical (plant phenolic) lead molecule for future drug development research against
Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods:

The targets were selected based on an analysis of relevant literature, and the 3D structures
of the selected receptors were obtained in. pdb format from the RCSB-Protein data bank
(PDB, http://www.rscb.org/pdb). Based on a review of the literature, sixty plant secondary metabolites,
or plant phenolics, were selected. The ligand structures were obtained and downloaded in.sdf
format from the NCBI PubChem chemicals database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Molecular
docking between the receptor and ligands was accomplished using the Molegro Virtual Docker
6.0 (MVD) software.

Results:

The target RAF1, BRAF chain 1, TIE2 chain 2 FGFR1, FGFR2, AXL, and FGFR4
showed the best binding effectiveness with acteoside compared to their respective positive control.
RET chain 1 and BRAF chain 2 acteoside showed prominent binding efficacy after Curcumin, and
Epigallocatechingallate, respectively, against positive control. Present findings clearly point towards
the potentiality of acteoside in inhibiting various HCC targets.

Conclusion:

Acteoside may be used as a prominent lead molecule in the future treatment of hepatic
cancer with its multifaceted binding efficiencies against various target proteins.
Emotional Development of a Child
Authors: Shetty Raghavendra M. , Gadekar Trisha , Pashine Aditi
Published: November 2022

The emotional development of a child is the progressive process of the
child’s ability to control their feelings. The emotions of the child are expressed through
facial expressions. Emotions in a child are influenced by their inborn temperament
depending on the inherited genes. Crying, laughing, anger, fear, anxiety, or phobia
represent different types of emotions. The impact of dental anxiety and fear often leads
to avoidance or delay of dental treatment. Moreover, such individuals are difficult to
treat and have behavioral problems further resulting in an unpleasant dental experience.
All these factors lead to worsening oral health, which often requires complicated dental
procedures. Hence, it becomes difficult for the patient to get out of this vicious cycle.
Management of such patients is critical and requires careful handling and assessment.
Various behaviour management techniques and advanced specialist care in the dental
setting can assist fearful patients in attaining optimum oral health and significant
overall improvement towards dentistry.
Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Singh Neerja , Rathore Monika
Published: November 2022

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious and common public health problem affecting young children across the globe. It is prevalent in both developing and developed countries. ECC starts and progresses rapidly in high-risk children. It can lead to various physical, psychosocial and financial consequences for the child and their family, leading to compromised quality of life. There are some factors unique to this type of caries due to the developmental stage and dependence of the child on the mother or caretaker for feeding and oral hygiene practices. The faulty feeding practices can affect the primary dentition severely. ECC also indicates higher risk of caries development in later stages of life. The disease can be challenging to manage in advanced stages due to limited specialized personnel and resources and behavioral management problems in young children. An effective prevention protocol is our best tool to manage this disease, reducing the burden the healthcare system and society.
Identification of NV Centers in Synthetic Fluorescent Nanodiamonds and Control of Defectiveness of Crystallites Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Osipov V. Yu.  , Bogdanov K.V.  , Treussart F.  , Rampersaud A. A.  , Baranov A. V.
Published: November 2022

A 100 nm synthetic diamond particle with a large (> 4 ppm) amount of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers has been studied. The latter exhibit lines associated with forbidden Delta m_s = 2 and allowed Delta m_s = 1 transitions in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the ground state of the NV(-) center. The luminescence intensity of particles in the range 550-800 nm increases with an increase in the irradiation dose of 5 MeV electrons and correlates with the integrated intensity of the peak EPR line with a g-factor g = 4.27. This value is used to estimate the concentration of NV(-) centers and to select diamond powders with the highest fluorescence intensity. The dependence of the EPR signal intensity of the Delta m_s = 2 transition of the NV(-) center on the microwave power that increases before decaying rather well characterizes the crystal quality of the local environment of the centers under study in these particles. The intensity of the x, y Delta m_s = 1 transition (at ~ 281.2 mT, 9.444 GHz) turns out to be sensitive to changes in particle size in the submicron range and the appearance of near-surface defects obtained during mechanical processing. Keywords: luminescence, nitrogen vacancy centers, synthetic diamond, nanocrystals, electron paramagnetic resonance.
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Lee Su Jin , Kang Yun Dan
Published: November 2022

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. The most common cause of maternal death in Korea is complications related to the postpartum period (obstetric embolism), accounting for 37.5%, while complications of labor and delivery (uterine atony, PPH, etc.) were the second most common cause, accouning for 21.9%. The effective treatment of PPH often requires multidisciplinary intervention. When managing PPH, multiple interventions (medical, mechanical, invasive, and nonsurgical and surgical procedures), which require different levels of skill and technical expertise, may be used to control bleeding. The healthcare provider needs to begin resuscitative efforts quickly, establish the cause of the hemorrhage, and possibly enroll the assistance of other care providers, such as an obstetrician, anesthetist or radiologist. Avoiding delays in diagnosis and treatment will have a significantly impact on sequelae and chances of survival. This review discusses the causes, identification, management, prevention and prediction of PPH.
Deteksi Molekuler Virus Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) pada Samp l Bursa Fabrisius yang Diperoleh dari Ayam Terdiagnosa Penyakit IBD
Authors: Wibowo Michael Haryadi , Fadiar Radhian , Anggoro Dito , Artanto Sidna , Amanu Surya , Wahyuni Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti
Published: November 2022

Kasus penyakit Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) dewasa ini masih sering ditemukan pada peternakan ayam komersial baik layer maupun broiler di Indonesia. Diagnosis penyakit IBD sejauh ini mengandalkan lesi patologik spesifik dan kultur in ovo dengan mengamati lesi makroskopis embrio, serta diidentifikasi dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP). Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan diagnosis dengan teknik reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dari sampel Bursa Fabrisius (BF) sebagai konfirmasi pada kasus terdiagnosa IBD. Deteksi serologis virus IBD dengan uji AGP dengan sumber antigen chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) dan embrionya, untuk melihat potensinya sebagai sumber antigen uji AGP. Sampel BursaFabrisius sebanyak 5 yang diperoleh pada kasus terdiagnosa IBD, dikoleksi dari peternakan ayam komersial di Yogyakarta. Konfirmasi diagnosis dilakukan dengan metode RT-PCR. Sampel positip uji RT-PCR yang mengamplifikasi fragmen gen VP2. Isolasi virus IBD yang dilakukan kultur in ovo pada telur ayam berembrio (TAB) antibodi negatif terhadap virus IBD, berumur 11 hari. Desposisi materi inokulasi dilakukan pada (CAM), diinkubasi selama lima hari. Panen virus dilakukan dengan mengkoleksi membran korioalantois dan embrio, selanjutnya diamati lesi makroskopis yang timbul akibat infeksi virus IBD. Membran korioalantois dan embrioselanjutnya digerus dan diproses sebagai suspensi antigen yang digunakan dalam uji AGP. Hasil uji RT-PCR terhadap lima sampel Bursa Fabrisius yang dikoleksi dari peternakan ayam terdiagnosa penyakit IBD, tiga sampel menunjukkan hasil positif teramplifikasi fragmen gen VP-2 virus IBD dengan produk amplifikasi sebesar 440 bp, sedangkan dua sampel sisanya menunjukkan hasil negatif. Uji AGP dengan sumber antigen CAM menunjukkan hasil positip 2 dari 3 sampel yang diuji, sedangkan sumber antigen embrio menunjukkanhasil negatif. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa uji RT-PCR dapat digunakan dalam mendeteksi virus IBD dari sampel BF terdiagnosa IBD. Uji AGP dengan sumber antigen CAM menunjukkan hasil lebih baik dari pada embrionya.
Daya Ovicidal Ekstrak Kulit Buah Muda (Calotropis procera) terhadap Haemonchus contortus secara in vitro
Authors: Wirawan I Gusti Komang Oka , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Prastowo Joko , . Kurniasih
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi efektif ekstrak kulit buah muda Calotropis procera (C. procera) dalam menghambat perkembangan telur cacing Haemonchus contortus secara in-vitro. dari 0,2g/ml sediaan larutan ekstrak stok, albendazole konsentrasi 0,055%. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Konsentrasi efektif ekstrak kulit buah muda C. procera (EKBMCP) dalam menghambat perkembangan daya tetas telur cacing Haemonchus contortus secarain-vitro adalah perlakuan EKBMCP konsentrasi 4,5% dengan daya hambat 88% sedangkan  perlakuan EKBMCP konsentrasi 2,5% dan 3,5% daya hambatnya secara berturut-turut adalah 70,5% dan 81%.
Perbandingan Aktivitas Linimentum Ekstrak Koral Kelimutu dan Linimentum Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucochepala) Terhadap Penyembuhan Scabies Pada Kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Rahayu Asih , Candrarisna Miranti
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan aktivitas linimentum ekstrak koral kelimutu dan ekstrak daun lamtoro (Leucaena leucochepala) sebagai terapi penyembuhan scabies pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Sampel hewan yang digunakan adalah kelinci jantan umur 4-6 minggu sebanyak 24 ekor yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif /normal, tanpa diobati (P0), kontrol positif : diobati linimentum sulfur ppt (P1), diobati linimentum ektrak daun lamtoro (P2), diobati linimentum ekstrak coralkelimutu (P3). Semua bulu kelinci dicukur pada daerah punggung anterior sepanjang 3x3 cm dan diinfestasikan parasit Sarcoptes scabiei. Semua kelinci dibiarkan selama 7 hari agar parasit dapat tumbuh dan berkembang biak tersebar merata ke seluruh permukaan kulit. Setiap hari kulit kelinci yang terkena scabies diolesi dua kali dengan linimentum yang diuji dengan dosis 25%. Pengamatan makroskopis dilakukan pada hari ke- 3, 5, 7, dan pengamatan mikroskopis dilakukan pada hari ke- 3 setelah dilakukan masa pengobatan selama 7 hari. Semuadata kuantitatif diuji secara statistik menggunakan Analisa Sidik Ragam (ANOVA) dengan uji post hoc metode Turkey dan metode LSD dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelinci yang diobati dengan linimentum ekstrak coral kelimutu (P3) memberikan hasil yang lebih baik daripada kelompok P0, P1 dan P2. Berdasarkan analisis statistik uji Post hoc metode Turkey dan metode LSD menunjukkan p = 0,000 ; R squared = 0,88 dan hitung (7,11) > F tabel (1,74), maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok P3 dengan P0, P1 dan P2 terhadap perlekatan penutupan luka, pengurangan keropeng dan peningkatan jumlah kematian Sarcoptes scabiei. Hal ini menunjukkan aktivitaslinimentum ekstrak koral kelimutu paling baik dan efektif digunakan untuk terapi penyembuhan scabies pada kelinci.
Kajian Fenotip Kuskus (Famili Phalangeridae) di Penangkaran Desa Lumoli, Kecamatan Piru, Maluku
Authors: Usmany Marthinus , Tuaputty Hasan , Kakisina Pieter
Published: November 2022

Kuskus merupakan satwa Australia (marsupial) yang termasuk dalam famili Phalangeridae danpersebarannya terbatas di Indonesia bagian Timur, Australia dan Papua New Guinea. Melalui data IUCN, kuskus dikategorikan endangered spesies, dalam CITES digolongkan Appendiks II. Populasi kuskus semakin menurun akibat ancaman deforestrasi, banyak diburu untuk dikonsumsi, dan diperjualbelikan secara ilegal. Untuk mengatasi persoalan diatas maka perlu dilakukan kajian komprehensif tentang fenotip kuskus dengan harapan dapat membantu usaha konservasi satwa ini di masa mendatang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis serta sifat fenotip berdasarkan warna rambut kuskus yang hidup di penangkaran Desa Lumoli Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, Maluku. Penelitian ini diawali dengan tahap identifikasi dan karakterisasi setiap spesies secara fenotip melalui tampilan warna rambut. Karakter fenotip disajikan melalui gambar dan tabel, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian karakterisasi fenotip menunjukkan terdapat empat spesies kuskus yang hidup di penangkaran desa Lumoli yakni, kuskus coklat (P.orientalis), kuskus putih (P.urinus), kuskus kelabu (P.vestitus), dan kuskus totol (S.maculatus).
Pengembangan Deteksi Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan Metoda Agar Gel Presipitasi di Yogyakarta
Authors: Amanu Surya , Untari Tri , Wibowo Michael Haryadi , Artanto Sidna
Published: November 2022

Aeromonas hydrophila telah diidentifikasi sebagai agen penyebab penyakit pada ikan Nila.Mikroorganisme ini diketahui patogen terhadap manusia terutama sebagai penyebab gastroentritis, meskipun demikian, belum dilaporkan adanya infeksi pada manusia di Yogyakarta. Uji karakteristik biokimiawi dapat mengarahkan pada diagnosa yang kurang akurat, oleh karena itu terdapat kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan metode yang lebih spesifik dan akurat, yaitu dengan metode agar gel presipitasi (AGP). Dua sampel yang dikoleksi berasal dari lokasi budidaya ikan Nila di Yogyakarta yang terjadi outbreak A. hydrophila dengan mortalitas lebih dari 50%. Antigen terlarut yang tahan terhadap panas dipersiapkan dari 4 kultur isolat murni yang diperoleh untuk uji AGP. Antiserum yang digunakan untuk uji pada sumuran adalah antiserum A. hydrophila (ATCC 35654) yang diproduksi dengan menginokulasikan whole-cell antigen (heat-stable) dan antigen flagellar (formalin-killed) pada kelinci. Kontrol positif yang digunakan untuk uji ini berasal dari A. hydrophila (ATCC 35654), dan kontrol negatif berasal dari Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) ATCC 15947 dan Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida). Antiserum yang digunakan terhadap kultur isolat murni dan juga kontrol positif menunjukkan adanya reaksi positif saat diujikan menggunakan metode AGP. Hasil reaksi positif adalah dengan adanya pembentukan garis presipitasi diantara sumuran antiserum dan antigen, sedangkan hasilnegatif tidak menunjukkan adanya garis presipitasi tersebut. Hasil dari uji ini menunjukkan bahwa AGP dapat dianggap sebagai metode yang dapat digunakan dan diandalkan (reliable) untuk mengidentifikasi A. hydrophila. Hasil yang sama ditunjukkan melalui uji AGP terhadap antiserum pada isolat A. hydrophila yang berasal dari isolat sampel ikan Nila dari Yogyakarta serta A. hydrophila sebagai kontrol positif (ATCC 35654).
Deteksi Edwardsiella Ictaluri pada Ikan dengan Metode Co-Agglutination Test
Authors: Fikar Miftahul , Amanu Surya , Simanjuntak Suhardo R.T. , Yudistra Mario Ari
Published: November 2022

Teknik immunodiagnostik dengan menggunakan uji serologis co-agglutination telah lama dikenal dalam mendeteksi infeksi bakteri dan virus pada manusia, hewan, ikan, dan cemaran pada produk-produk perikanan. Keunggulan teknik ini adalah sederhana, cepat, murah, dan akurat, terutama untuk penerapan di lapangan karena dapat mendeteksi langsung dari organ. Namun penggunaan metode kurang dikenal dibandingkan metode lain yang lebih kompleks dan mahal seperti ELISA dan FAT. Pengembangan metode ini di Indonesia telah dilakukan sejak tahun 2014 dan telah diaplikasikan di lapangan dengan hasil yang memuaskan, terutama dalam mendeteksibakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri penyebab penyakit Edwardsiella Septicemia of Catfish pada ikan patin (Pengasius hypophtalmus) dan lele (Clarias garipienus) di Jambi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 70 lokasi sentra budidaya ikan patin dan lele di 4 kabupaten, di Provinsi Jambi selama bulan April-Juni 2015. Pengujian dengan teknik co-agglutination mendeteksi 5 lokasi budidaya positif tersebut E. ictaluri. Organ yang diuji dengan teknik ini diisolasi ke media agar untuk diuji secara konvensional dan serologis dengan metode rapid slide aglutination dan terkonfirmasi positif. Isolat yang diperoleh juga diujibandingkan ke laboratorium yang telah terakreditasi dalam ruang lingkup E. ictaluri di Batam dan Tanjung Pinang, dan mendapatkan hasil positif. Uji lapangan inimembuktikan bahwa teknik co-agglutination dapat memberikan hasil yang valid dalam waktu beberapa jam saja dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional yang memakan waktu berhari-hari, ataupun dengan metode ELISA dan FAT yang membutuhkan biaya tinggi. Inovasi teknologi dengan metode ini dapat menjadi jawaban atas tantangan globalisasi terutama dengan diberlakukannya kawasan Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean, dimana lalulintas peredaran ikan dan pengembangan industri perikanan makin meluas yang membawa resiko merebaknya wabahpenyakit ikan.
Karakterisasi Antibodi Poliklonal terhadap Aflatoksin M1
Authors: Fusvita Angriani , Maryam Romsyah , Pribadi Eko Sugeng
Published: November 2022

The aim of the research was characterized the polyclonal antibody at AFM for diagnostic reagens on track 1 and measure the levels of AFM in milk. The series of experiments are given a polyclonal antibody testing 1 dimetilaminobenzidin (DAB) by dot blot immunoassay (DBIA) so it will look brown color display on the positive control sample; purification and estimation antibody of AFM concentration with ammonium sulfate; 1 dialysis; fractionation using HiTrap Protein A HP column, measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 280 nm; and characterized of IgG using SDS-PAGE. DBIA test results showed a typical reaction betweenantigen AFM1-BSA with AFM1-BSA antibody to rabbit serum in the form of brown dots after addition of DAB substrate. The results of spectrophotometric against rabbit serum fractionation showed the type of IgG heavy chain.
Efek Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) terhadap Profil Darah Merah pada Marmut (Cavia cobaya)
Authors: Wijayanti Dwi , Setiatin Enny Tantini , Kurnianto Edy
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of binahong leaves extract (BLE) on Cavia cobaya through the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, pack cell volume (PCV) and erythrocyte indices. Complete Random Design (CRD) was used in this study with 4 treatment and 4 replicate, those were T0 (control), T1 (10 mg / head / body weight), T2 (50 mg / head / body weight) and T3 (90 mg / head / weight). The administration of BLE was orally for 10 days pre partum and 10 days postpartum. Blood sampling was done three times, which wasbefore giving BLE , 1 day postpartum and 1 day after the giving of BLE. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and if there was effect of treatment, then continued with Duncan multiple range test. There was not significantly different among treatments for PCV before giving BLE, while the postpartum and post giving BLE showed significantly different (P<0.05). There was not significantl different in the percentage of Hb among treatments for postpartum while in before giving BLE and post giving BLE were showed significantly different (P<0.05). Total erythrocytes was not significantly difference among treatments for before giving BLE while in the postpartum and post giving BLE significantly different (P <0.05). MCHC value was not significantly different between treatments which was before giving BLE and post giving BLE while in the postpartum was showedsignificantly different (P<0.05). MCV and MCH values were not significantly different between treatments before giving BLE while in the postpartum and post giving BLE significantly different (P <0.05). In conclusion, giving BLE at a dose of 50 mg/head/body weight can improve immunity and endurance Cavia cobaya on the treatment group before giving BLE, postpartum and post giving BLE of PCV, Hb, total erythrocytes, MCHC, MCV and MCH.
Karakterisasi Faktor-faktor Virulensi Staphylococcus aureus Asal Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa secara Fenotip dan Genotip
Authors: Khusnan Khusnan , Prihtiyantoro Wahyu , Hartatik Hartatik , Slipranata Mitra
Published: November 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in large or small ruminants, and often manifested by subclinical mastitis in Peranakan Ettawa (PE) goats. Staphylococcus aureus in human can cause food borne disease. The research aimed to characterize the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk PE goats, phenotypic- and genotypically. Phenotypically characterization were determined through the pigmen assay as well as hydrophobicity, haemolysin, and hemaglutinin reaction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect 4 virulen genes including coa, clf, fnbA, and fnbB genes. The results of research showed that Staphylococcus aureus abled to produce white pigmen (35,7%), yellow pigmen g (57,1%), andorange pigmen (7,2%). Staphylococcus aureus showed α-hemolysis zone (35,7%), β-hemolysis (35,7%), dan γ-hemolysis (28,9%). Hydrophobicytic test revealed 14,3% Staphylococcus aureus isolates were hydrophobe and85,7% hydrophil. Staphylococcus aureus (85,7%) isolates abled to aglutinated sheep blood cells. Based on genotypic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus could be detected coa gene (92,8%), clf gene (64,3%), fnbA gene (78,6%), and fnbB gene (64,3%). Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characters, it can be concluded that Staphylococcus aureus are virulent strains. This information can be used as the basis for control mastitis in PE goats
Examination of Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus in The Water Sample of The Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) with Immunocytochemistry of Streptavidin Biotin
Authors: Sudaryatma Putu Eka , Lestari Artanti Tri , Trisnasari Yenny , Lidayana D Lia , Nurlita Wahyu
Published: November 2022

Abstract         One of potencies of marine waters that is developed, and starts to have the international market is grouper fish. Tiger grouper culture can not be separated from disease factors that may attack and destroy the cultivation. One of the important diseases that can cause mass mortality in fish, especially in grouper larvae and juveniles stadium is viral nervous necrosis (VNN). Examination by using immunocytochemical method of streptavidin biotin (SB) undertaken to develop early detection of VNN in order to be applied in preventing spread of the VNN disease in seeds of tiger groupers that are already distributed worldwide in Indonesia. And also, this SB methodology can also be applied to the tiger groupers without any injuring or even killing of the fish for the purpose of sampling. In the present study, the preliminary test was done to determine the infectivity level of the inoculum (VNN virus) owned by the Office of Fish Quarantine, Quality Control, and Fishery Safety Class I Denpasar, Bali. Whereas, the main test was done by collecting water sample from tiger grouper fish farming that was infected with VNN. The water sample was examined by using  immunocytochemical method of SB after being confirmed by RT-PCR-positive test that was previously purified. Based on both SB and PCR tests having VNN positive results, it is concluded that  the immunocytochemical method of SB could be applied as early, rapid and accurate detection of VNN  in only a 24 hours post infection by using water as the sample. Keywords: VNN, water sample, streptavidin biotin, RT-PCR, tiger grouper
Efektivitas Larutan Desinfektan Dalam Menginaktivasi Virus Avian Influenza pada Bulu Unggas
Authors: Luwito Bagus Nanang , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Soejoedono Retno Damayanti
Published: November 2022

Avian Influenza (AI) virus  is pathogenic agent that can spread from one area to another area through the transportation of infected animals or their products such as feathers. This research was aimed to inactivated AI virus with 775 ppm sodium hypochlorite and 0.1% chloroxylenol to examine the difference of treatment by time (day) for inactivation AI virus on the feathers. AI virus isolate A/chicken/sidrap/ 07160336‐2/2016 used in this research was obtained from Balai Besar Veteriner Maros. The treatment of disinfectants were performed on the first day (the day of disinfectan solutions were prepared), the third day and the seventh day by soaked the feathers in disinfectant solution for 10 minutes. The effectiveness of disinfectans were evaluated by inactivation index. The result show that the average of inactivation index of 775 ppm of sodium hypochlorit was 4.17 for the first day, 5.17 for the third day, and 4.20 for the seventh day, while the average of inactivation index of 0.1% chloroxylenol was 5.50 for the first day, 6.43 for the third day, and 5.77 for the seventh day. Our result indicated that the sodium hypochlorit and chloroxylenol were effective for inactivation of AI virus. The 0.1% of chloroxylenol was more effective for inactivation AI virus than 775 ppm of sodium hypochlorit, whilst the most effective duration for the treatment is the three days.
Identifikasi Penambahan Air pada Daging Sapi dengan Metode Filter Paper Press dan Konduktivitas Listrik
Authors: Adinata Nararya , Lukman Denny Widaya , Sudarnika Etih
Published: November 2022

Beef meat has a complete nutritional content, the high prices in the market causing some unscrupulous traders to cheat by adding water to meat to get more weight. This beef meat has a bad quality, so needs the right method to identify the quality of beef meat in the field.  This study was designed to identify the addition of water to beef meat by measuring the water holding capacity (filter paper press method) and electrical conductivity (EC meter). The experimental used one hundred bovine longisimus dorsi and the samples were divided into five groups. One group as a control and four other groups were treatment group. The treatment groups were injected by water with a volume of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of the sample weight and all groups were repeated for twenty times. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range test. The data showed that the addition of water by injection in beef meat of treatment group 2%, 3%, and 4% had a significant influence on water holding capacity and electrical conductivity (p<0.05). Pearson correlation results showed a strong to very strong correlation with value in control group (r=0.704; p<0.01), treatment group 1% (r=0.628; p<0.01), 2% (r=0.700; p<0.01), 3% (r=0.642; p<0.01) and 4% (r=0.760; p<0.01). Based on the result of the study, it is known that a water increase in beef at least 2% of the weight significantly affected water holding capacity and it can be identified by using electrical conductivity meter.
Study of The Effects of Carboxymethyl Chitosan on The Non-specific Defense System in The Carp (Cyprinus Carpio)
Authors: Hernawati Ristyana Dewi , . Triyanto , . Murwantoko
Published: November 2022

Abstract Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a freshwater fish with a high economic value, but very susceptible to diseases. One of effort to increase the productivity is by enhancing non-specific defense system. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of carboxymethyl chitosan on enhancement non-specific defense system of carp. Carboxymethyl chitosan was obtained by alkylation process in which monochloroacetic acid in alkaline conditions was added. Carboxymethyl chitosan was given to carps at dosages of 30 μg/g, 75 μg/g and 105 μg/g, by intra muscular injection respectively. Seven and 14 days after administration of carboxymethyl chitosan, measurements of non-specific immune system parameters were done. The results showed that, administration of carboxymethyl chitosan on carps affected the phagocytic activity and lymphocytes counts. However, carboxymethyl chitosan did not give any effect to NBT activity, hematocrit, number of erythtocytes and leukocytes, monocytes and neutrophil counts in blood as well.
Karakterisasi Fenotipe Isolat Staphylococcus aureus Dari Sampel Susu Sapi Perah Mastitis Subklinis = Phenotyping of Staphylococcus aureus ...
Authors: Oktavia Siti Isrina
Published: November 2022

Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu penyebab utama mastitis pada sapi perah yang menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang cukup besar akibat turunnya produksi susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk isolasi dan karakterisasi S. aureus yang diisolasi dan susu sapi perah di Kaliurang, Bantul, Boyolali dan Baturaden Jawa Tengah. Karakterisasi S. aureus meliputi uji clumping factor, uji koagulase, produksi hemolisin, produksi pigmen dan uji kepekaan S. aureus terhadap beberapa antibiotika. Dalam penelitian ini berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi sebanyak 32 isolat S. aureus. Semua isolat positif pada uji clumping factor dan koagulase. Alfa-hemolisis dapat diamati pada 1 isolat, 7 isolat mempunyai sifat a dan 13-hemolitik, 11 isolat 13- hemolitik dan 13 isolat bersifat non-hemolitik. Berdasar produksi pigmen, 8 isolat menghasilkan pigmen berwarna oranye, 10 isolat pigmen kuning dan 8 isolat menghasilkan pigmen putih. Hasil uji resistensi antibiotik terlihat bahwa 24 isolat (75%) sensitif dan 8 isolat (25%) resisten terhadap ampisilin. Uji terhadap eritromisin diketahui 4 isolat (12,5%) sensitif, 5 isolat (15,57%) intermediet dan 23 isolat (71,97%) bersifat resisten. Sebanyak 25 isolat (78,13%) diketahui bersifat intermediet dan 7 (21,87%) resisten terhadap gentamisin. Sebanyak 4 isolat S. aureus (712,5%) bersifat sensitif dan 28 isolat (87,5%) resisten terhadap oksasilin. Terhadap tetrasiklin memperlihatkan sifat intermediet pada 19 isolat (59,38%), 12 isolat (37,46%) bersifat resisten dan hanya 1 isolat (3,16%) bersifat sensitif.
Survei Difeksi Bakteri Mycoplasma synoviae Pada Kalkun, Angsa, Entok dan Itik di Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta = Survey of Mycoplasma synoviae Bacterial Infection in Turkey, Goose Muscovy Duck and Duck at
Authors: Amanu Surya
Published: November 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian uji serologis terhadap Mycoplasma synoviae pada kalkun, angsa, entok dan itik di Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi adanya reaktor terhadap Infectious synovitis pada unggas tersebut. Sebanyak 175 sampel sera unggas yang terdiri dari 46 sampel sera kalkun, 45 sampel sera angsa, 44 sampel sera entok dan 40 sampel sera itik, dari Kabupaten Sleman yang diambil pada periode tahun 2003 diuji aglutinasi cepat serum dengan menggunakan antigen berwarna Mycoplasma synoviae serotipe S produksi Salsbury Laboratories, Amerika Serikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sebanyak 175 sampel sera unggas tersebut yang diperiksa, yang memberikan reaksi positif atau sebagai reaktor sebanyak 72 sampel sera unggas (41,14%) yang masing-masing berasal dari 26 sampel sera kalkun (56,52%), 23 sampel sera angsa (51,10%), 10 sampel sera entok (22,72%) dan 13 sampel itik (32,50%).
A NEW DRUG DELIVERY FORMULATION OF GnRH ANALOGUE DESLORELIN FOR CONTRACEPTION IN CANINES: A SIGNIFICANT STEP FORWARD IN ANIMAL WELFARE = FORMULAS! BARU PENDISTRIBUSIAN OBAT ADONIS GnRH DESLORELIN UNTUK KONTRASEPSI
Authors: Junaidi Aris
Published: November 2022

Pengaruh pemberian kronis dengan pembebasan perlahan agonis GnRH yang mengandung deslorelin terhadsp pituitari dan fungsi testis telah dilakukan pada anjing kampung jantan dewasa. Delapan ekor anjing diimplantasi dengan 10 mg implan deslorelin (kelompok 1). Kelompok 2 (n=3) adalah kelompok kontrol diberi implan tanpa deslorelin (plasebo). Konsentrasi plasma testosteron tidak terdeteksi pada hari ke 30 sesudah implantasi pada anjing perlakuan. Volume testis drop sampai 30 % sesudah minggu ke 13 dan tidak ada ejakulat yang diperoleh setelah minggu ke 4 sesudah implantasi. Pemeriksaan histologi dari testis dan glandula prostata 3 dan 8 bulan setelah implantasi menunjukkan atropi tubulus seminiferus, tidak terjadi spermatogenesis, glandula epithelium prostata atropi dan tidak bersekresi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan-bahwa formula obat yang mengandung deslorelin efektif untuk menekan jangka panjang fungsi reproduksi pada anjing jantan. Tidal( ada efek samping yang terlihat pada semua anjing perIalcuan.
Identification of Campylobacter jejuni Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Method
Authors: Angeliya Liza , Kurdiwa Ruri Rumpaka
Published: November 2022

Abstract Campylobacter jejuni is a curved-rod shaped bacteria, non-spore, microaerophilic Gram-negative and motile. It is commonly found in the feces of animals. They grow at a temperature of 37-42° C and are zoonotic causing a disease called campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter jejuni naturally presents in the chicken digestive tract and does not cause any diseases. However, chicken carcasses contaminated with this bacteria are closely related to the the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans. Cases of human campylobacteriosis primarily caused by Campylobacter jejuni contamination on chicken carcasses. During the cutting process, Campylobacter jejuni will be able to spread to the chicken carcasses. Alternative approach for detecting Campylobacter jejuni contamination of chicken products is by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Therefore, to determine diagnosis of animal diseases in relation to the veterinary public health due to Campylobacter jejuni is by applying PCR with forward primer: 5'-TGACGCTAGTGTTGTAGGAG-3 and reverse primer: 5'-CCATCATCGCTAAGTGCAAC-3'. The PCR primers can amplify DNA Campylobacter jejuni as long as 402 bp. The PCR method is a molecular laboratory approach which is sensitive, specific, rapid and accurate for determining diagnosis of campylobacteriosis.
The Detection of Encoding Gene of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 S. aureus Isolate from the Milk of Cows and Goats by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Kunda Rony M , Wahyuni A.E.T.H. , Widayanti Rini
Published: November 2022

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is the main bacterium found in cow's and goat's milk. The bacteria can produce toxin called toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) that can infect humans and animals causing several serious diseases. The objective of this study was to detect the existence of encoding gene of TSST-1 S. aureus isolate from cow's and goat's milk. The research is initiated by re-identification stage of S. aureus conventionally continued by identification based on the molecular method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A number of 10 S. aureus isolates from cow's and goat's milk cultured in aerobics continued by Gram stain, catalase, coagulase, MSA, VJA and VP tests. The identification of S. aureus based on the molecular approach conducted by 16S rRNA gene amplification continued with amplification of TSST-1 encoding gene as the target gene. The PCR product of TSST-1 encoding gene then sequenced to ensure whether the DNA fragment amplified is the TSST-1 encoding gene or not. The result of the research indicates that re-identification of S. aureus conventionally generating positive reaction of S. aureus species. Molecular identification of 16S rRNA gene amplification gives a good result by producing DNA fragment of 745 bp size and meets the target gene. The detection result of encoding gene TSST-1 gives negative result marked by DNA fragment which the size does not match the target gene. The allignment result of sequence isolate SA.1 indicates that the sequence is not tst gene but the gene which coded glutamate sinthetase belongs to S. aureus, whereas sequence of isolate KI.8 is 50S rRNA gene belongs toS. saprophyticus.
The Effects of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica Val) on Cigarette Smoke Cardiotoxicity in The Wistar Rats
Authors: Millah Nida Ul , Kusumawardani Agapietta , Rahmad Laelatul , Herliyani Novi , Sarwendah Kurniati , Sutrisno Bambang , Wuryastuty Hastari , Wasito R
Published: November 2022

Abstract            The objective of this research is to determine the effects of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) extract administration toward heart histopathologic lesions of male albino Wistar rats + 3 months old exposed by cigarette smoke. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups of five each: Group I was given neither cigarette smoke exposure nor turmeric extract administration (control) (KI), Group II was given cigarette smoke exposure of 9 cigarettes/ day (KII), Group III was given 1 ml turmeric extract 0.25% (KIII) and Group IV was given cigarette smoke exposure of 9 cigarettes/ day and 1 ml turmeric extract 0.25% (KIV). After 2 months of treatment, necropsy was conducted to all rats and the heart samples were collected to be processed histopatologically and stained routinely with hematoxylin-eosin. The results of the present study indicated that the cigarette smoke caused cardiomyopathy in KII marked by the histopathologic lesions such as vacuolation, homogeneous eosinophilic cytoplasms, edema and necrosis of myocardia, also congestion and mild hemorrhages (KII). Whereas, rats in Groups KI, KIII and KIV had normal histologic structures of myocardia. It is concluded, that turmeric extract could be a preventive herbs toward cardiotoxic effects of cigarette smoke. Further research has to be conducted to determine the anti cardiomyopathy mechanism of turmeric rhizome due to cigarette smoke exposure.
The Effect of Decis Insecticide on the Mortality and Gill Histological Structure of the Red Indigo "Cangkringan local strain"
Authors: Wulandari Wahyuni , . Sukiya , . Suhandoyo
Published: November 2022

Abstract This study was aimed to determine the effects of Decis insecticide on the mortality, its safe level concentration against mortality, and the cytotoxic effects in the gills of the red tilapia strains of "localCangkringan" collected from Fish Seed Center, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Eight hundreds fishweighing 0.5-1.0 g and 2-12 weeks old each were collected randomly and divided into 5 groups with Decis insecticide concentration of 0.27 ppm, 0.81 ppm, 1.00 ppm, 1.35 ppm, 2.4 ppm, respectively and a control group based on preliminary testing. Each treatment comprised three replicates, 10 replicates of each test fish. The observations of fish mortality to the test were done every hour - 24, for 96 hours of treatment, whereas mortality at safe levels test done every 4 weeks for 2 months of treatment. Data were analyzed using probit analysis to determine LC50 and LC50-96 hours-48 hours. The assay of 10% safe levels of LC50-48 hours is 0.13 ppm. Twofactorial analysis of variance was to determine the effect of concentration and duration of exposure to the Decis insecticide test fish mortality. Independent samples of T test analysis was applied to determine the effect of safe levels. The descriptive and qualitative analysis was done to determine the pathologic lesions on fish gills due to the cytotoxicity of Decis insecticide. Results of the present study showed that the variation of concentrations of Decis insecticide has significant effect on fish mortality (p <0,01). Decis insecticide concentration used for the LD50(96 hours)  was 1.21 ppm that was the highly toxic class to Nila. It caused severe cytotoxic efects to the gills  indicated by the presence of gills necrosis, hypertrophy, hyperplasia dan diffuse hemorrhages. The safety levelsof Decis concentration still caused mild histopathological lesions, such as focal to multifocal hemorrhages and congestion in the gills
Validation of the Spectrophotometry method on the concetration assessment of Enrofloxacine as the Animal Drug
Authors: . Ambarwati , Ariyani Novida , Palupi Maria Fatima
Published: November 2022

Abstract Validation for analysis of enrofloxacin injection method using spectrophotometry has been conducted. Enrofloksasin in a solution of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) 0.1 N, measured at the maximum wavelength (ë) 271 nm.The parameters of validation that were carried out are precision, accuracy, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Precision showed good results with coefficien variation (CV) results smaller than that of CV Horwitz. Accuracy parameters calculated by the method of analysis to determine levels of analyte in a known active ingredient purity and yielded 0.449%. Linearity parameters showed good results with r = 0.9996. Limit of detection value was obtained for 0.757 μg / mL and limit of quantification of 2.522 μg / mL. The results of validation test of enrofloxacin injection analysis using spectrophotometric method can be used as a good method to provide a valid test of quality assurance veterinary drugs.
Kombinasi One-step Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) dan Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow (NALF) sebagai Metode Deteksi Gen env-tm Virus Jembrana Strain Tabanan 1987
Authors: Kusumawati Asmarani , Fatimah Fatimah
Published: November 2022

Jembrana disease is an acute viral disease  in Bali cattle that have short incubation period, high mortality and morbidity rate. Early diagnostic methods are needed  to prevent the further spreading of this disease. In this study, we combined One-step RT-PCR  and  NALF  methods to detect env-tm gene of Jembrana virus Tabanan 1987 strain. Viral RNA isolated from a spleen of the infected cattle was used as the template. One-step RT-PCR procedure was performed using oligoprobes  labeled digoxigenin and  right primer sequence that were designed using the primer3plus program based  on the conserves region of env-tm gene from NCBI database. The product of one-step RT-PCR was tested using NALF  method  instead of  electrophoresis. Positive result was shown by the appearance of dark lines on the test line of digoxigenin in NALF dipstick device.