bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jodi Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper: New Definitions of Human Dignity in Novel and Film
Authors: Carpi Daniela
Published: September 2016

My starting point is that bioethics and the problems connected to human rights and human dignity are the logical evolution of the principles of equity. My paper aims at analysing Jodi Picoult’s novel
Cross-political pan-commercialism in the postmodern age and proposed readjustment of semiotic practices
Authors: Li Youzheng
Published: September 2016

The present-day academic orientation of the semiotic movement is basically determined by professional institutions based on a global pan-commercialism across different political systems. This universal institutionalized scholarly tendency produces a utilitarian-motivated, pragmatist-determined attitude towards studies as well as to a set of profit-searching procedures. With a purpose to revive the classical ethos for scientific truth this paper redefines general semiotics as an interdisciplinary-directed functional organizer rather than as some fundamental philosophical doctrines. Being segregated from the mainstream of applied semiotic practices performed in different disciplines and cultural aspects the redefined general semiotics (GS model) will be directed to the higher academic-strategic problems about organizing the functionally unified development of human sciences in confrontation with the current intellectual-materialist domination originating from the commercial-technological trend towards globalization over spiritual freedom.
Apuntes sobre la historia de la vozgramaen español
Authors: Gutiérrez César
Published: September 2016

La vozgramaen español es considerada en la actualidad un patrimonialismo derivado del latíngraminapor medio de [min] > [mn] > [m]. No obstante, tanto esta etimología como esta evolución fonética son muy problemáticas por su naturalezaad hocen comparación con el resto de palabras castellanas cuyos étimos poseían [min] (v. gr.,alambre,hombre,nombre). En este artículo se investigarán estas cuestiones y se argumentará, primero, quegramaprocede, como otras variantes iberorrománicas (v. gr.,gambre,gramia,grame), de una forma similar al acusativo *graminem, y, segundo, que [min] > [m] es un desarrollo completamente ajeno al castellano. Estas conclusiones llevarán a proponer quegramaes un occidentalismo. Asimismo, se discutirán las causas de la epéntesis de [b] en las secuencias [mbɾ].
Phonetic accommodation in a situation of Spanish dialect contact: Coda /s/ and /r̄/ in Chicago
Authors: O’Rourke Erin , Potowski Kim
Published: September 2016

Work on Spanish in the U.S. has increasingly examined the results of dialect contact. This paper analyzes realizations of syllable-final /s/ and word and syllable-initial /r̄/ in naturalistic interviews among 88 individuals in Chicago belonging to three generations of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans and two generations of “MexiRicans.” It explores: (1) whether realizations change depending on the dialect of the interviewer – that is, whether accommodation is taking place; (2) if there is change across generations; (3) in the case of MexiRicans, whether individuals’ realizations align with the mother’s ethnolinguistic group. Results show that Mexicans’ phonological behavior did not vary for /s/ or /r̄/ according to interlocutor, while Puerto Ricans used velarized /r̄/ more frequently with other Puerto Ricans at a rate approaching significance. Significant differences were also found between generations in several cases but not for mother’s ethnolinguistic group; the interaction of generation and interlocutor showed significance in some cases. We also observed a correspondence between the use of a weakened /s/ and velarized /r̄/, although there was considerable variation among individual speakers.
Unusual pyranosyl cembranoid diterpene from Sarcophyton trocheliophorum
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed , Ghani Mohamed A. , Shaaban Khaled A.
Published: September 2016

9-Hydroxy-10,11-dehydro-sarcotrocheliol (1), a new pyrane-based cembranoid diterpene, has been isolated along with three other known compounds, namely, sarcotrocheliol acetate (2), (+)-sarcophytol A (3), and (−)-sarcophytonin A (4), from the organic extract of the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. The chemical structures of compounds 1–4 were determined on the basis of their 1D and 2D NMR [1H, 13C, 1H–1H correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation, and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE)] and mass spectra [electron ionization (EI), electrospray ionization, and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)], and by comparison with related structures. The compounds 1–4 showed neither antimicrobial activity against 11 diverse tested microorganisms, nor cytotoxicity against brine shrimp, whereas the soft coral extract showed low cytotoxicity with a mortality rate of 1.7%.
The Quantum Dynamical Basis of a Classical Kinetic Scheme Describing Coherent and Incoherent Regimes of Radical Pair Recombination
Authors: Lukzen Nikita N. , Klein Johannes H. , Lambert Christoph , Steiner Ulrich E.
Published: September 2016

In recent work from this group (J. H. Klein et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 11011), the magnetic field dependent charge recombination kinetics in donor/Ir-complex/acceptor triads has been determined with outstanding accuracy and reproducibility. The field-dependent kinetics has been analyzed in terms of a classical reaction scheme including the field-independent rate parameters of singlet recombination (rate constant k
S) and S/T0 mixing (rate constant k
ST0) and the field-dependent rate constant k±(B) connecting central and outer Zeeman levels. In the present work, the extraction of k± from the experimental data is more precisely defined and the appearance of a “coherent” and “incoherent” regime of spin motion in a double log plot of k± vs. B is confirmed. The experimental decay curves have been reproduced by a full quantum dynamical model based on the stochastic Liouville equation, which was solved numerically, taking into account isotropic hyperfine coupling with five nuclear spins (1 N on donor radical, 4 H on acceptor radical) and anisotropic hyperfine coupling with the nitrogen nucleus at the donor radical. The results of the quantum calculations serve as a rigorous basis of interpreting the classical parameter k±. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the incoherent part of spin motion is essential for a full understanding of the charge recombination kinetics even in the “coherent” regime.
Variables psicológicas que impulsan la difusión del rumor / Psychological variables which boost dissemination of rumor
Authors: Mazo Salmerón María Elena
Published: September 2016

La difusión del rumor es un proceso que toma cuerpo mediante mecanismos muy complejos, entre los que se encuentran los procesos psicológicos que se van a identificar y analizar en este artículo. El rumor, como ejemplo de mensaje interpersonal y espontáneo, cobra una especial relevancia en la actualidad por su influencia en los medios de comunicación. Entre ellos cabe destacar su incidencia en los medios digitales. Desde que apareció Internet se ha multiplicado exponencialmente su cobertura de difusión. Además, se han producido destacados efectos, desde la desinformación, hasta la propagación de verdaderos “virus” en la sociedad actual. En las empresas y demás organizaciones también aparecen conflictos que generan un verdadero caldo de cultivo para este tipo de mensajes. El estudio de la persuasión, los procesos cognitivos, el entorno psicológico que favorece la propagación de rumores y el testimonio, entre otros, va  a colaborar en la mejor comprensión del fenómeno objeto de estudio, como un caso peculiar y rebelde entre los diferentes tipos de mensajes que se generan en los medios y en los entornos corporativos –empresas e instituciones-.
Marketing digital. Guía básica para digitalizar tu empresa / Digital marketing. Basic guide to digitize your company
Authors: Parra Meroño María Concepción
Published: September 2016

A lo largo de los nueve capítulos del libro (y del glorsario con más de cien términos), el lector descubrirá que estamos en uno de los momentos más intersantes de internet, conocerá la importancia de enfocarse en el usuario. Al final de cada capítulo encontrará entrevistas con expertos y consejos para acceder al mundo laboral en este sector del marketing digital.
Microbiology of Petroleum Reservoirs
Authors: Gudiña Eduardo J. , Teixeira José A. , Rodrigues Lígia R.
Published: September 2016

Subsurface oil reservoirs are complex ecosystems comprising physiological diverse indigenous microbial communities. Those populations have been the subject of intense investigation in recent years. Their study and characterization is of great relevance to understanding the activities and roles of indigenous microorganisms in oil reservoirs, as well as the genesis and transformations of petroleum hydrocarbons. Furthermore, their study can contribute to predict or avoid detrimental effects caused by deleterious microorganisms as well as to promote the development of new and innovative technologies to enhance oil productivity and recovery efficiency from poorly performing and depleted oil fields. As microorganisms inhabiting oil reservoirs are adapted to extreme environmental conditions, they usually harbor enzymes or metabolic functions that might be of great interest for scientific and industrial applications. The current knowledge of the microbial ecology of oil fields, however, is still largely insufficient and further studies are required. This review provides a microbiological perspective of oil reservoirs, focused on the application of microorganisms to increase oil recovery from mature reservoirs as an alternative to the traditional chemical-enhanced oil-recovery methods.
Petroleum and Natural Gas Transportation and Storage
Authors: Zou Weizhong , Lu Jun , Kumar Ravindra , Liu Xiangyu , Gupta Anurag A.
Published: September 2016

Numerous petroleum pipelines and storage tanks are under service all around the world. Oil and gas pipelines as well as their storage tanks have played an essential role in the petroleum industry for hundreds of years. These horizontally buried or vertically erected “hollow cylinders” have delicate accessories and complicated operation practices, which are designed and maintained constantly. Because most petroleum-associated products are flammable and environmentally hazardous, the relatively high risk in causing fire and contamination further complicates their storage and transportation. By introducing only fundamental knowledge, this chapter serves as a good starting point for readers with a general interest of oil and gas storage and transportation techniques. With this purpose, the chapter contains a brief historical retrospect followed by detailed discussions on petroleum-associated pipelines, storage tanks, handling and operating practice, safety, and economic concerns. Although they are beyond the scope of this chapter, other aspects of the petroleum storage and transportation, such as negotiation with different interest parties, education and training of local officer and emergency personnel, employee wellness, and contamination remediation, need to be considered as well for pipeline companies and tank owners seeking a good reputation and financial status.
What Happens When We Don’t Read Ballads Closely Enough
Authors: Socarides Alexandra
Published: September 2016

Alexandra Socarides, “What Happens When We Don’t Read Ballads Closely Enough: The Cautionary Tale of the American Woman Poet and the Ballad” (pp. 215–226)

This essay looks closely at two ballads by the nineteenth-century American poet Emma Embury in order to explore some of the ways in which the ballad’s use of the structural refrain enables a critique of its often-gendered content. By situating Embury’s poems within the context of the proliferation of the “bad woman ballads” that appeared in print in the first several decades of the nineteenth century, this essay explores her particular manipulations of the genre. In Embury’s ballads, the cautionary tale is housed in a refrain that is sung by a woman. This form works to make these women’s downfalls come true at the same time that it suggests a way out of this endlessly repeatable story that the genre performs so faithfully. This essay suggests that in our consideration of the genre, we pay particularly close attention to how women poets approached the ballad’s formal devices.
Levinas, lector de Plotino: relaciones inspiradoras
Authors: Beltrán Ulate Esteban Josué
Published: September 2016

El presente estudio procura establecer una serie de considerandos a propósito de las concomitancias y desavenencias entre el pensamiento de Plotino de Licópolis y Levinas de Kaunas, el desafío deviene a partir de la aparente relación entre el Uno plotiniano y el Infinito levinasiano, a su vez se considera la posibilidad de acceso del ser humano, entidad particular, al punto originador, llámese este Uno o Infinito.
An honour killing in Aintab: The issue of killing fornicators in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Bulunur Kerim İlker
Published: September 2016

An honour killing that took place in Ottoman Aintab at the end of the 16th century is examined in this paper. As it seems the qadi (kadı) of Aintab did not punish the murderer at all. What underpins the qadi’s decision is the opinion held by shari’a jurists indicating that anyone who commits adultery could be killed and the killer, by doing so, will not be punished for the crime. The issue of killing fornicators has been generally addressed through the fatwas of the Shaykh al-Islam. How the qadis reached a verdict regarding this type of cases has been largely ignored. Thus, the issue has not been made clear completely and there have been certain misinterpretations on this subject. We aim to ascertain how the qadi gave a verdict by looking closely at a particular murder case, which is not frequently encountered in Ottoman qadi records. For that purpose, the opinions of Islamic jurists related to the issue, the fatwas of Ottoman Shaykh al-Islams and Ottoman criminal code have been examined together with the verdict of the qadi of Aintab. It is also studied which juridical opinions the parties referred to in their statements and how those references affected the verdict of the qadi.
The Nabataean timing system
Authors: Alzoubi Mahdi
Published: September 2016

Archaeological remains yield remarkable information concerning the Nabataeans’ timing system; excavations and surveys revealed water clocks, sundials and ground shadow clocks in Nabataean sites, namely Petra and Hegra. Besides, certain Nabataean inscriptions expose a good deal of evidence regarding the Nabataean timing terminology: ywm ‘day’; šnt ‘year’; yrḥ ‘month’; šch ‘hour’; šbc ‘week’, lyly’ ‘night’ and zmn ‘time’ are the most frequently used terms found in the different Nabataean texts. Moreover, the excavations uncovered some archaeological evidence concerning the Nabataean annual calendar. The study adopts a comparative historical and linguistic perspective in investigating the different aspects of time measurement in Nabataean civilisation.
New ancient North Arabian inscriptions from Ġadīr Al-Aḥmar in Al-Ṣafāwī Region, northeastern Jordanian Badiya
Authors: Al-Qudrah Hussein M.
Published: September 2016

This essay is an analytical study of sixteen new Ancient North Arabian inscriptions collected by the author during an epigraphical survey in 2010 in the area of Ġadīr Al-Aḥmar in Al-Ṣafāwī Region Northeast Jordan. On the grounds of the shape of script and the language, these inscriptions are classified as Safaitic. The script was known in the region to the south and southeast of Damascus (including north and northeast of Jordan) and in north and northwest Saudi Arabia.

The goal of this analysis is to study the inscriptions, the semantics and morphology of the words and the proper nouns contained therein. Furthermore, the paper also identifies certain new vocabulary items, such as four personal names mentioned for the first time in the corpus of the Safaitic inscriptions.
Epigaeic ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) communities in urban parks located in Atlantic Forest biome
Authors: Souza-Campana Débora R. de , Silva Otávio G. M. da , Menino Leonardo , Morini Maria Santina de C.
Published: September 2016

Urban parks offer refuge for numerous animal species, and some of these parks represent the remaining fragments of native forests. We evaluate the diversity and composition of epigaeic ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in urban parks located within the Atlantic Forest biome (Centenial Park, Leon Feffer Park and Villa Lobos Park). For our collections, we placed pitfall traps along 100-m line transects in areas both accessible and inaccessible to the public. A total of 46 species distributed in seven subfamilies were collected. The number of species did not differ among park areas, but the ant communities themselves differed. Native species, such as Strumigenys denticulata and S. louisianae, were collected in the most preserved natural areas in the parks. Generalist species composed the richest guild and were primarily found in areas with public access. Wasmannia auropunctata, Brachymyrmex heeri, Solenopsis sp. 2, and Solenopsis sp. 3 were classified with high value as biological indicators.
Professional and Amateur Lobbyists In The Arkansas General Assembly
Authors: Whistler Donald E. , Dunn Charles DeWitt
Published: September 2016

In a democracy, the public interest requires open access and communication between citizens and legislators. Indeed, given that politics consists of authoritatively allocating values, no subset of which can make a universally accepted claim to be the truth, the political process which provides the widest practicable access and communication of different interests is most appropriate (Dahl, 1970; Lindsay, 1962; Pennock, 1979; Plamenatz, 1973; Thorson, 1962: 128-149).
The Southernization of American Politics (Research Note)
Authors: Jackson John S.
Published: September 2016

When I was growing up in South Arkansas in the 1950s the Civil War was very much still with us. I had a great-grandfather who fought in the war and his Civil War musket was an heirloom in our home. My friends drove pick-up trucks with Confederate flags and signs that showed a mean looking Confederate soldier saying “Forget Hell” or “The South’s going to rise again!” My thesis here tonight is that the old slogan “The South’s going to rise again” has proved prophetic in American politics. That is, in the words of the title of my lecture, we have seen over the past two decades the “Southemization” of American politics.
THE BIOTIC FACTOR OF TREMATOD OPISTHORHIS FELINEUS INVASION INFLUENCE ON HOST IMMUNE STATUS AND SOMATIC CELLS PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY
Authors: Rybka A. G.
Published: September 2016

The paper confirms long-time opisthorhis invasion role as a risk factor of host immune system reconstitution as well as an important factor in holangiocarcinomas development. It was shown that opisthorhosis invasion primal stage induce host immune system reconstitution. Host immune B-cells system is activated by metacercaria antigens, while the same antigens inhibits T-cells activity. Opisthorhis metabolites stimulate proliferative mithogen-induced T-cells acti vity. Chronic opisthorchis invasion leads to immune system disbalance. It means: decrease of specific and non-speci fic natural killers activity, number of high proliferative activity T-lymphocytes and the shift of regulatory T-cells subset to suppressors prevalence. At the same time specific as well as non-specific T-suppressors functional ability is very low. It was shown T-cells helper-amplifier activation. Despite of circulating B-cells decrease the antibody produced cells number is spleen increases significantly at the same time with circulating immune complexes accumulation. Even 3–6 month after dehelmintisation the immune system disbalance decreases but lefts. In addition, chronic opisthorhis invasion leads to the proliferative processes activation in ductal epithelium, liver, lymph nodes and in other organs which leads to cancer proliferation. According to the results obtained the opisthorhis infected patients needs to be immunocorrected before as well as after dehelmintisation for holangiocancerogenesis profylaxis.
Transforming the Greek Cycladic islands into a wind energy hub
Authors: Zafeiratou Eleni , Spataru Catalina
Published: September 2016

The interconnection of the Greek Cyclades islands with the mainland national grid system is scheduled to be completed by 2025. The aim of this project is to improve energy security, reduce costs and carbon dioxide emissions and increase the use of renewable energy resources. Enhancement of the current isolated power networks through interconnectors will allow higher integration of intermittent wind energy loads to the system. This paper analyses an action plan alongside its economic and carbon dioxide emissions impact, between 2017 and 2030, for the implementation of 258·6 MW wind farms in the region, the equivalent of 772·5 GWh/year according to the Weibull wind speed distribution analysis. The estimated average investment return rate for wind projects equals 23%. This is calculated using a life cycle cost analysis. The average cost of energy by using the International Energy Agency methodology equals €80·9/MWh. This paper concludes that the Cyclades interconnection will assist in transforming the region into a wind energy hub, with zero carbon dioxide emissions, allowing electricity exports of 101 GWh/year to the Greek mainland, while reducing the total electricity costs by €1·4 billion from 2017 to 2030.
New insight on geosynthetic clay liner hydration: the key role of subsoils mineralogy
Authors: Bouazza A. , Ali M. A. , Gates W. P. , Rowe R. K.
Published: September 2016

The hydration of a needle-punched, thermally treated and powdered bentonite-based geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) from four different subsoils was studied at optimum moisture content +2% under isothermal conditions. Contrary to the belief that GCL hydration was strongly dependent on the percentage of clay-sized particles present in the subsoils, it was shown in this investigation that this dependency cannot be generalised to all subsoil types as the presence of smectite in the subsoils can substantially impact GCL water uptake. Smectite content of the subsoil has been found to enhance its water retention capacity, and therefore the relative amount of water available in the subsoil for hydration of the GCL was strongly dependent on the amount of smectite available in the subsoil (i.e., GCL water absorption from smectite-rich soils is impeded). The hydration process from subsoils dominated by smectite mineralogy was governed by the vapour phase, whereas when the smectite content was very low or nil the hydration process involved both vapour and liquid phases if the subgrade was at a water content close to optimum.
Load capacity of squat RC shear walls by strut-and-tie model
Authors: Mun Ju-Hyun , Yang Keun-Hyeok
Published: September 2016

A simplified strut-and-tie model (STM) is established, based on the crack band theory of fracture mechanics for evaluating the lateral load capacity of squat reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. The load transfer mechanism of concrete is identified by the strut-and-tie action contributed by the web concrete and longitudinal reinforcement of the boundary elements of the walls, whereas that of shear reinforcement is identified by the tie action idealised using a statically indeterminate truss system. The load transfer capacities of the concrete strut and shear reinforcement are driven using the energy equilibrium in the stress relief strip and the crack band zone formed along a diagonal crack. The width of the main concrete strut is determined using the neutral axis depth simplified as a function of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the elastic modulus ratio between concrete and reinforcing bars. Predictions made by the proposed model are in better agreement with test results compiled from 150 specimens than those made by other models. The comparison also reveals that other empirical equations provided by ACI 318-14, Wood, and Gulec and Whittaker significantly underestimate the lateral load capacity of squat shear walls, whereas the STM proposed by Siao overestimates the load capacity.
Efficient Coping Behavior in Sport: What Disturbs Our Equanimity and How to Gain It Back
Authors: Dovzhik L.M. , Bochaver K.A.
Published: September 2016

Every athlete has to achieve permanent victories on the «domestic front» of coping with difficulties and self-overcoming if he or she wants to win the sport competitions regularly. Extreme muscle loading, excitement, anxiety, and stress become a habitual routine for many athletes. It is an important applied goal of sport psychology to transfer their skills to other people who need them, for example to workers who perform under pressure or different people who set goals and have to achieve them. Current paper is devoted to research what ways and resources are selected by professional athletes of different sports and ages to cope successfully with stress and negative emotions. We consider what is the difference between coping with stress and maintaining the equanimity. It describes the variety of methods and strategies that can improve the efficiency of the athlete’s performance make him or her more resistant and «tough». Also the problem of experience is solved: how athletes learn to cope with difficulties, how they choose the best way to behave, which resources reinforce them.
The Problem of Relationships between Doctor and HIV-Infected Patient
Authors: Makhamatova A.
Published: September 2016

This paper presents the foreign literature review on the relationships between doctor and patient as a psycho-social factor affecting the various HIV treatment and care outcomes. While some researchers have found an association between the "patient-provider" relationships and missed clinic visits, following the medical advice (adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy), some diagnostic services’ utilization and the length of hospitalizations, the other researchers did not find such evidences. In general, "patient-provider" relationships research involves methodological difficulties, such as the accuracy and validity of the scales used; it indicates the need for further theoretical and empirical research in this field. The article may be of interest to researchers in the fields of sociology and social psychology of health, practitioners and also specialists developing prevention programs for people living with HIV.
The Features of Family Relations of Adolescent Girls at Risk of Eating Disorders
Authors: Alexandrova R. , Meshkova T.A.
Published: September 2016

The family risk factors of eating disorders (ED) of adolescent girls were studied. 376 girls aged 13 to 17 years from Ryazan city schools filled in Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), CRPBI (E. Schaefer, Russian adaptation), Risk Factors of ED (T.A. Meshkova, research questionnaire). Comparison of the groups with upper and lower quartiles of EAT-26 scores demonstrates, that the families of the girls being at risk of ED are characterized by the authoritarian mother, who disregards of daughter's problems, and by the neutral position of the father.Parents more often were concerned about daughters’ figure, have a preoccupation with dieting. The girls of risk group have a fear of condemnation from family members, blaming for missteps. They have lack of praise for achievements, frequent bans and physical punishment, sense of dependency on family. It is possible, that daughter's eating disturbances reflect the some kind of protest and present a defensive reaction to the current family situation.
A Gifted Child with Special Needs. A Longitudinal Study of Memory and EEG
Authors: Gorbachevskaya N.L. , Karakhanyan K. , Davydova E.Y.
Published: September 2016

A longitudinal study of EEG and neuropsychological memory parameters of 20 children with signs of intellectual endowments combined with social communication difficulties have been carried out. The data of gifted children is compared to data of students in regular school. The neurophysiological study was conducted with the participation of children of 7–16 years old, and children of 7–12 years participated in in the study of memory parameters. Gifted children of 7–12 years compared to age norm have demonstrated better memory value and more stable EEG-pattern with law theta, alpha-3, and beta-3 activities, and increased activity of alpha-1 and beta-2 frequency ranges. We chose to study the integral index of "alpha + beta / delta + theta" that reflects the main manifestation of the "growing" brain bioelectrical activity in school-age children. Normally, this indicator gradually increased from primary school age to youthful, while gifted children was significantly lower than normal, and only after 14 years it increases abruptly and reaches normative values to 16 years. It has been suggested that delay in the formation of high-frequency components of EEG alpha-rhythm is representative of the maturation of neural networks in this group of intellectually gifted children and adolescents.
Methodological Aspects of Allocation of Categories of Medical and Psychological Support of Students
Authors: Dorofeev I. , Korzunin V.A. , Ovchinnikov B. , Yusupov V. , Yatmanov A.
Published: September 2016

Present article considers mathematical model of separation category of medical and psychological support of students and candidates entering the military college. The mathematical model is based on a discriminant analysis, it comprises two calculation methods: a methodology to assess the adaptation abilities of personal and intellectual development of a common methodology for assessment of the subject. According to the results of the survey of methods of calculation is determined by the category of person medical and psychological support. Category medical and psychological support corresponds to the worst results of the general intellectual development or adaptation of personal abilities. Category determines the order of enrollment of the subject in the military college. Candidates for admission to military school with the 1st category are recommended in the first place, from the 2nd - recommended, with 3rd - recommended conditionally, with the 4th category for admission are not recommended. With cadets medical and psychological support category determines individually tailored correction program.
HUBUNGAN BIOMASSA EPIFIT DENGAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN LAMUN DI PERAIRAN PULAU PRAMUKA, KEPULAUAN SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Mardiyana - - , Effendi Hefni - , Nurjanah - -
Published: September 2016

maupun dari serangan organisme lain termasuk organisme penempel/epifit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan aktivitas antioksidan dengan biomassa epifit daun lamun Thalassia hemprichii yang hidup di Perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Metode untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan adalah metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil), sedangkan biomassa epifit diperoleh dengan mengerik epifit yang berada di permukaan daun T. hemprichii kemudian ditimbang beratnya per satuan luas daun (mg/cm2). Aktivitas antioksidan daun lamun yang digambarkan dengan nilai IC50 berkisar antara 563,88-2039,8 mg/L. Korelasi biomassa epifit dengan IC50 sebesar 0,99 menunjukkan bahwa biomassa epifit mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidan lamun.
Kata kunci: aktivitas antioksidan, epifit, Thalassia hemprichii
PROPORSI BAGIAN TUBUH DAN KADAR PROKSIMAT IKAN GABUS PADA BERBAGAI UKURAN
Authors: Suwandi Ruddy - , Nurjanah - - , Winem Margaretha -
Published: September 2016

Ikan gabus (Channa striata) merupakan jenis ikan air tawar yang sudah banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Ikan gabus hidup di muara sungai, danau, rawa, dan dapat pula hidup di air kotor dengan kadar oksigen rendah. Ikan gabus belum banyak dibudidayakan secara luas dan belum banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai produk olahan ikan. Informasi mengenai proporsi tubuh ikan gabus masih kurang dan belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan proporsi bagian-bagian tubuh ikan dan komposisi kimia daging ikan gabus pada berbagai ukuran (0,5 kg; 1 kg; dan 2 kg) dan jenis kelamin. Prosedur yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu pengukuran proporsi tubuh ikan dan analisis proksimat. Ikan gabus betina memiliki rendemen daging yang lebih tinggi dibanding ikan gabus jantan. Rendemen terbesar terdapat pada daging dengan bobot tubuh ikan 2 kg. Kadar air dan kadar abu tertinggi terdapat pada ikan gabus jantan 0,5 kg yaitu 80,41% dan 1,47%. Kadar protein tertinggi yaitu 20,14% terdapat pada ikan gabus betina 1 kg. Kadar lemak tertinggi terdapat pada ikan gabus jantan 2 kg yaitu sebesar 1,69%. Kadar karbohidrat tertinggi terdapat pada ikan gabus betina 2 kg yaitu 2,71%.
Kata kunci: ikan gabus, proksimat, proporsi tubuh
OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN HIDROLISAT JEROAN IKAN KAKAP PUTIH
Authors: Nurhayati Tati - , Salamah Ella - , Cholifah - - , Nugraha Roni -
Published: September 2016

Jeroan ikan adalah bahan baku dengan kualitas rendah atau limbah yang jika tidak dimanfaatkan dapat menimbulkan masalah lingkungan dan kesehatan. Limbah jeroan ikan kakap putih memiliki kadar protein yang tinggi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi hidrolisat protein ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi terbaik pembuatan hidrolisat protein serta mengkarakterisasi produk hidrolisat protein yang dihasilkan. Tahap penelitian meliputi karakterisasi jeroan, pembuangan komponen lemak (defatting), penentuan kondisi optimum hidrolisis, dan analisis kimia hidrolisat jeroan ikan kakap putih. Jeroan ikan kakap putih memiliki kadar protein tinggi sebesar 31,20%±0,03 (bk) dan lemak 61,44%±1,22 (bk). Kandungan lemak dapat mempengaruhi proses hidrolisis sehingga membutuhkan proses pembuangan lemak (defatting). Defatting mampu menurunkan lemak sebesar 2,95% (bk) dari lemak awal yakni 61,44%±1,22 (bk) menjadi 58,71%±0,65 (bk). Proses hidrolisis jeroan ikan kakap putih dilakukan menggunakan enzim papain dengan aktivitas 30 Usp/mL dengan konsentrasi enzim 0,15% (b/v), suhu 55°C, pH 8 selama 4 jam. Karakteristik produk hidrolisat jeroan ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) yakni kadar air (10,82±0,84%), kadar protein (62,85%±0,72), kadar lemak (0,84%±0,28), kadar abu (7,30%±0,03), karbohidrat (18,19%±1,32) dan daya cerna protein sebesar 87,03%. Hidrolisat protein jeroan ikan kakap putih memiliki kandungan 15 jenis asam amino. Asam amino tertinggi yakni asam glutamat (10,75%), sedangkan asam amino terendah yakni histidin (1,38%). Hidrolisat protein dapat diaplikasikan sebagai sumber protein dalam pakan ikan.
Kata kunci: hidrolisat, jeroan, papain, pembuangan lemak
MUTU ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KIMIAWI TERASI UDANG REBON DENGAN KADAR GARAM BERBEDA DAN LAMA FERMENTASI
Authors: Anggo Apri Dwi , Swastawati Fronthea - , Ma'ruf Widodo Farid
Published: September 2016

Terasi merupakan produk fermentasi udang dengan penambahan garam. Fermentasi dengan garam menyebabkan perombakan protein menjadi asam amino misalnya asam glutamat sebagai penghasil cita rasa khas terasi. Kadar garam dan lama fermentasi merupakan faktor penting pada proses pembuatan terasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi garam dan lama fermentasi terhadap kualitas terasi rebon terutama kandungan asam glutamat. Bahan baku yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rebon (Acetes sp.) kering tawar dengan panjang ±2 cm per ekor. Perlakuan garam dengan konsentrasi 2%, 8,5%, 15% dan lama fermentasi (8 hari dan 32 hari). Metode penelitian menggunakan metode experimental field dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola split plot in time 3 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diuji meliputi organoleptik, pH, kadar protein, asam glutamat, kadar air dan profil asam amino. Parameter kadar protein, asam glutamat dan profil asam amino pada fermentasi hari ke 32 yang diamati hanya perlakuan konsentrasi kadar garam terbaik pada hari ke 8. Nilai organoleptik terasi berkisar antara 7,65-8,32 artinya produk tersebut dapat diterima konsumen. Nilai pH Nilai pH terasi rebon berkisar antara 7,09 sampai 7,89. Konsentrasi garam 2% pada terasi rebon menghasilkan kadar protein dan asam glutamat tertinggi yaitu 47,14%+0,20 (dry base). Asam amino yang dominan pada terasi rebon adalah asam glutamat dan asam aspartat. Lama fermentasi menyebabkan penurunan asam glutamat terasi rebon.
Kata kunci: asam glutamat, fermentasi, garam, rebon
Microwave Absorbent Packaging Material from Composites Chitosan-Polyvinyl Alcohol Polymer
Authors: Riyanto Bambang - , Maddu Akhiruddin - , Fadhallah Esa Ghanim
Published: September 2016

Microwave absorbent packaging materials currently tend to biomaterial. Chitosan is a dielectric biomaterial with polycationic properties. The aim of this study was to analyze characteristics of microwave absorbing packaging material made from composite chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer. The ability of the packaging material to absorb microwave was determined by reflection loss measurement. Formed packaging prototype resembles as a thin transparent yellowish plastic with thickness (0.11-0.22 mm) and the tensile strength (106.33±2.82-143.00±2.59 kPa). SEM analysis showed homogenous structure characterized by interaction between chitosan and PVA. Optimum absorption value was obtained from chitosan concentration of 1%, with average value of reflection loss was (-31.9289±4.0094) dB.
Keywords: chitosan, material packaging, microwave, reflection loss
Chrome Tanning Leather of Giant Sea Perch Combined with Seed Extract Areca Nut on the Physical Characteristics
Authors: Ibrahim Bustami - , Salamah Ella - , Hak Nurul - , Suhendar Ade Komalasari
Published: September 2016

Tanning is the process of converting raw hide protein to leather, which are stable, not easily decompose, and is suitable for a variety of uses. The use of vegetable based tanning materials in the leather tanning process has not been carried out. Vegetable based materials that were used are betel nuts. This plant contains tannin which is the main agent in the process of leather tanning. The aim of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of snapper leather treated with betel nut extract. Soxhlet extracting method with methanol as a solvent were used to obtain tannin from betel nuts. Tanned Snapper Leather were analyzed for physical quality, elongation strength, tensile strength, tear strength, and sewing strength. The result showed that methanol extracted betel nut with 10% concentration gives the optimum physical characteristics.
Keywords: areca nut, chrome, snapper, snapper
Identification on Histamine Content and Histamin-Forming Bacteria of Boiled Badeng Slender Tuna
Authors: Fatuni Yuliana Syalviana , Suwandi Ruddy - , Jacoeb Agoes Mardiono
Published: September 2016

Pindang is a semi-dried product which relatively short lasting products. Due to the rapid formation of histamine and bacterial enzyme activities contained in the fish, it is necessary to study and identify the histamine levels either on fresh tuna or in its pindang. This study aims to analyze histamine and histamine-forming bacteria in processed pindang tuna (A. rochei). Fresh tuna (A. rochei) was obtained from TPI Cisolok Palabuhanratu. The fish was processed according to pindang badeng method (20% salt added, boiled for 8 hours). The product then stored at room temperature and observed for 0,8,16,24 and 32 hours. Analysis were conducted through chemical (histamine and TVB) and microbiological test (TPC, identification of bacteria, histamine levels in bacteria). The results showed that the stored pindang for 32 hours can reactivate the production of histamine and increase their levels significantly. This is consistent with the increase on the value of TVB and TPC in pindang products. Six types of histamine-forming bacteria found on pindang tuna that are P. vulgaris, H. alvei, M. Morganii, E. aerogenes, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae. Activity test results showed that K. pneumoniae and H. alvei form the highest and the lowest levels of histamine formation respectively.
Keywords: Histamine, bacterial, boiled tuna (Auxis rochei)
Production and Characterization Chitosan Nano from Black Tiger Shrimpwith Ionic Gelation Methods
Authors: Nadia Laode Muhamad Hazairin , Suptijah Pipih - , Ibrahim Bustami -
Published: September 2016

Black tiger shrimp shell (Penaeus monodon) has a potential as raw materials in the manufacturing process of nano-chitosan that contains chitin. The purposes of this study is to formed nano-chitosan through ionic gelation process and size reduction by magnetic stirrer and determine the characteristic of nano-chitosan based on morphology and size of nanoparticles. Nano-chitosan were formed by ionic gelation method, which is polyelectrolite complexation between the positively charged chitosan and negative charged tripolyphosphate. Yield of chitosan from Black Tiger Shrimp shell are 19,08%, while the yield of nano-chitosan by size reduction treatment using a magnetic stirrer is 80,67%. Value of the deacetylation degree from chitosan which is used to formed nano-chitosan is equal to 98,65%, it indicates the chitosan which is produced is a native chitosan. Nano-chitosan have an average size of 228.74 nm, fairly uniform, relatively stable and has a sphere like particle shape. Particle size reduction with magnetic stirrer, can distribute more homogeneous particle size. Added tripolyphosphate (TPP) and surfactants (Tween 80) can enhance the mechanical properties of chitosan that are naturally fragile and enhanced formation if ionic crosslinking between chitosan molecules.
Fish Protein Concentrate Fortification Siam Patin on Amplang Snack Products and Mi Sago Instant Product as a Leading Regional Riau
Authors: Buchari Dewita , Syahrul - -
Published: September 2016

To enhance fish consumption in the community especially children, fortification on processed fish product is conducted. The processed fish products are developed to fill the requirements as the fish based food products that own characterizations such as ready to eat, easy to carry, and less time to cook. Amplang snacks and instant sagoo noodles are defined as the products that fills the requirements. The research was aimed to process catfish into fish protein concentrate to become amplang snack and instant sagoo noodles. These products were designed as the effort to develop the local priority products in Riau by using diversification and fortification methods. Experimental method with fortification treatments on Fish Protein Concentrate (FPC) extract from Catfish that generate products of amplang snacks and instant sagoo noodles and fish tofu were carried out. The fortified products were examined by organoleptics test that involved panelists. The results showed that the proximate analysis on fortified Catfish Protein Concentrate products were presented as following :1). water contents of 3,13 %, ash of 2,85 %, protein content of 16,13 % and fat content of 18, 66 % for ampang snacks; and 2). water contents of 11,77 %, ash of 1,30 %, protein content of 12,35 % and fat content of 1,86 % for instant sagoo nodles. All fortified FPC products filled the Indonesian Nasional Standard (SNI).
Keywords: Fortification, Catfish, and Fish Protein Concentrate
Quality Changes of Light Flesh Tuna at Water of Tomini Bay, Gorontalo Province
Authors: Nento Wila Rumina , Nurhayati Tati - , Suwandi Ruddy -
Published: September 2016

Tuna is one of the mainstay fisheries commodities that involve many of the ordinary fishermen. The handling usually still not follows the principles of good handling that causing the poor quality as the result.The aims of this research were to analyze and to determine the quality of tuna meat (the abdominal wall, dorsal fin, and caudal fin). Raw material yellowfin tuna meat prepared for the light, the meat section of the abdominal wall, dorsal fin, and caudal fin. The result of organoleptic analysis showed that the tuna meat was above the minimum value for the criteria of fresh fish. The result of TVB analysis showed that the meat on the caudal fin had the highest value and significantly different with the other, but still exist on the safe limits and on the fresh category. For the result of analysis in histamine, it shown that at the fourth hour the meat at the dorsal fin had the histamine content which were above the minimum that have been recommended. For the result of analysis in peroxide number, it shown that the tuna meat did not sustain the fat damage until the fourth hour after the catching process. And for the result of analysis in TPC, it showed that at the fourth hour the tuna meat on the pectoral fin had the highest number of total colony and significantly different with the other.
Keywords: handling, histamine, light flesh, microbiology, yellowfin
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds as Natural Antioxidants from Fresh Spirulina platensis using Different Solvents
Authors: Firdiyani Fiya , Agustini Tri Winarni , Ma'ruf Widodo Farid
Published: September 2016

Spirulina platensis is a bioactive-rich microalga of great potential as a source of natural antioxidant. Natural antioxidants are increasing in demand, because it is considered as more safe than synthetic antioxidants. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of solvent on the potential of natural antioxidant from fresh S. platensis. The antioxidant compound was extracted using either acetone or ethyl acetate by reflux method. The yield of extractions were 1.86% and 3.07% for aceton and ethyl acetate, respectively. Fresh S. platensis extracts were considered as potential antioxidant source with IC50 values 65.89 ppm, and 76.36 ppm when using acetone and ethyl acetate, respectivetly, even though it were still lower compare to the IC50 of positive control quercetin i.e 21.64 ppm. Phytochemical test showed positive results of phenolic compound, triterpenoids, steroid, flavanoid, and saponin. aw value of Spirulina platensis was 0.61 and 0.81 for aceton and ethyl acetate, respectively. It was concluded that different solvent affected the antioxidant activity of S. platensis extract. Keywords: Antioxidants, aceton, ethyl acetate, fresh Spirulina platensis
Extraction and Characterization of Cathepsin Inhibitor from Milkfish
Authors: Nurhayati Tati , Suwandi Ruddy , Rusyadi Syefri
Published: September 2016

Proteolytic enzyme is distributed acros all organism including fish. Cysteine proteases are the largest group of proteolytic enzyme. Lysosomal cathepsin, one of cysteine protease enzyme, cause softening and degradation of myofibril protein and it’s activity is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. The purposes of this study were to optimize the extraction cathepsin inhibitors from the skin, muscles, and viscera of fish, to partially purify the cathepsin inhibitors of selected sources, and to study the characteristics of the cathepsin inhibitor. The cathepsin inhibitor could be extracted from muscle fish and partially purified using ammonium sulfate of 70%. The purified cathepsin inhibitor had optimum temperature at 40°C and the optimum at pH 8. Metal ions decreased the activity of the protease inhibitor, except 1 mM of metal ion Mn2+ and Na+. Keywords: Cathepsin, characterization, partial purification, protease inhibitor