bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Additive Manufactured Plastic in Small-Scale Poppet Valves and Pressure Vessels
Authors: Deibert Brendan , Scott Sophia , Dolovich Allan , Wiens Travis
Published: November 2022

Small-scale (< 100 W), low-pressure (4 MPa), low-cost hydraulic components, such as pumps and cylinders, have recently become more available. These components have potential uses in demanding applications such as in a pump-controlled electrohydrostatic actuators (EHA)s. This is limited by the fact that the unbalanced flows of a single-rod cylinder require a valve to reconcile the imbalance, which is commercially unavailable in this size and price range. We have hypothesized that it would be feasible to produce this component using additive manufactured (3D printed) plastic. Such a system would be relatively low cost with a high specific power, and could have applications in hand tools, prosthetics, robotics, and more.

This paper focuses on some of the challenges in the use of 3D printed plastic for small-scale poppet valves and pressure vessels. The objectives of this research include the investigations of the sealing performance of 3D printed plastic poppet valves and the mechanical strength of 3D printed plastic pressure vessels. Experimental results included in this paper reveal the effects of surface finish and poppet and seat geometry on sealing performance. The influences of print process, material, and orientation on the strength of a 3D printed pressure vessel are examined and the results can inform valve casing design considerations. Mechanical tensile testing of fused deposition modelling (FDM) printed polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and stereolithography (SLA) printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-like test specimens provided insight to the corresponding burst strength of that material and print process. The work presented in this paper advances the state-of-the-art of using 3D printed plastic for the construction of small-scale hydraulic components.
Research on High Precision Control of Maximum Power Point Tracking for Offshore Hydraulic Wind Turbine
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Chen Wenting , Ai Chao , Yang Yue , Shang Shuming , Zhou Qin
Published: November 2022

This research takes the fixed displacement pump-variable displacement motor hydraulic transmission system of offshore hydraulic wind turbine (HWT) as the research object, to solve the parameter uncertainly problem of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of HWT. The feedback linearization method is used to deal with the nonlinear state space model of the system. Aiming at the problem that the feedback linearization method needs an accurate mathematical model and the hydraulic transmission system of the HWT has the characteristics of parameter uncertainly, the RBF neural network adaptive control theory is used to deduce the control strategy. Taking the pump speed and power as the output respectively, the MPPT control strategy is realized. The theory proposed above is verified by Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the control strategy with pump power as output is more smooth than that with speed as output, which is friendly to the grid. The simulation results under fluctuating wind speed show that the MPPT control strategy has good robustness. By comparing the simulation results, the control strategy proposed in this research solves the problem of parameter uncertainty, and does not cause the system out of control like only using feedback linearization.
Design and Analysis of a Digital Hydrostatic Transmission for Wind Turbines
Authors: Manosso Lucas Zanatta , De Negri Victor J.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the design, modelling, and simulation of a digital hydrostatic transmission (D-HST) for wind turbines using fixed and variable displacement hydrostatic machines. A sizing algorithm is developed considering real efficiency data in order to optimize the selection of components and set the most energy efficient configuration. The design of a D-HST for a 28.5 kW wind turbine is carried out. Considering the use of a synchronous generator, the best D-HST configuration is set with two fixed pumps and a variable motor. A computational model is developed according to the designed system. The D-HST is compared to a conventional hydrostatic transmission (C-HST), made up by a fixed pump and a variable motor. The model of the C-HST used as a baseline was validated using an experimental setup and that is modified according to the new designed system. Steady-state and dynamic analysis are done, in order to identify the pros and cons of each concept. Furthermore, a comparison with other wind turbine drivetrains is carried out including: a widespread solution drivetrain made up by a gearbox and a doubly-fed induction generator with frequency converter; a digital displacement hydrostatic transmission; and a direct-drive wind turbine.
Micronewton shear rheometer performing SAOS using 2 mg of sample
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Luo Jintian , Ouyang Xikai , He Wangjing , Bao Kangle , Li Hui , Liu GengXin
Published: November 2022

Rheological measurements typically require at least 20–50 mg of sample. We set up a miniaturized sliding-plates shear rheometer (mgRheo) that requires only 2 mg sample or even less. We designed a flexure-based force-sensing device that could measure force ranging from the micronewton to millinewton scale, e.g., 40 μN–400 mN for one particular spring constant. The setup was strain-controlled by a piezostage and could perform standard rheological tests such as small amplitude oscillatory shear, step strain, and stress relaxation. The accuracy and consistencies were evaluated on polydimethylsiloxane viscoelastic standard, entangled poly(hexyl methacrylate), and polystyrene. The obtained phase angles quantitatively agreed with those from commercial rheometers. The exact values of the modulus are prone to the overfilling of the sample. The storage G′ and loss G″ moduli from the mgRheo were systematically higher than those from commercial rheometers (i.e., within 5% with careful trimming or 30% with excessive overfilling). Between 102 and 106 Pa, G′ and G″ were in good agreement with commercial rheometers. Such a setup allowed for general rheometric characterizations, especially obtaining linear viscoelasticity on soft matters that are synthetically difficult to obtain in a large quantity.
Structure of the Shaker Kv channel and mechanism of slow C-type inactivation
Authors: Tan Xiao-Feng , Bae Chanhyung , Stix Robyn , Fernández-Mariño Ana I. , Huffer Kate , Chang Tsg-Hui , Jiang Jiansen , Faraldo-Gómez José D. , Swartz Kenton J.
Published: November 2022

Voltage-activated potassium (Kv) channels open upon membrane depolarization and proceed to spontaneously inactivate. Inactivation controls neuronal firing rates and serves as a form of short-term memory and is implicated in various human neurological disorders. Here, we use high-resolution cryo–electron microscopy and computer simulations to determine one of the molecular mechanisms underlying this physiologically crucial process. Structures of the activated Shaker Kv channel and of its W434F mutant in lipid bilayers demonstrate that C-type inactivation entails the dilation of the ion selectivity filter and the repositioning of neighboring residues known to be functionally critical. Microsecond-scale molecular dynamics trajectories confirm that these changes inhibit rapid ion permeation through the channel. This long-sought breakthrough establishes how eukaryotic K
+
channels self-regulate their functional state through the plasticity of their selectivity filters.
Hierarchical deployment of Tbx3 dictates the identity of hypothalamic KNDy neurons to control puberty onset
Authors: Shi Xiang , Zhuang Yanrong , Chen Zhenhua , Xu Mingrui , Kuang Junqi , Sun Xue-Lian , Gao Lisen , Kuang Xia , Zhang Huairen , Li Wei , Wong Samuel Zheng Hao , Liu Chuanyu , Liu Longqi , Jiang Danhua , Pei Duanqing , Lin Yi , Wu Qing-Feng
Published: November 2022

The neuroendocrine system consists of a heterogeneous collection of neuropeptidergic neurons in the brain, among which hypothalamic KNDy neurons represent an indispensable cell subtype controlling puberty onset. Although neural progenitors and neuronal precursors along the cell lineage hierarchy adopt a cascade diversification strategy to generate hypothalamic neuronal heterogeneity, the cellular logic operating within the lineage to specify a subtype of neuroendocrine neurons remains unclear. As human genetic studies have recently established a link between TBX3 mutations and delayed puberty onset, we systematically studied Tbx3-derived neuronal lineage and Tbx3-dependent neuronal specification and found that Tbx3 hierarchically established and maintained the identity of KNDy neurons for triggering puberty. Apart from the well-established lineage-dependent fate determination, we uncovered rules of interlineage interaction and intralineage retention operating through neuronal differentiation in the absence of Tbx3. Moreover, we revealed that human TBX3 mutations disturbed the phase separation of encoded proteins and impaired transcriptional regulation of key neuropeptides, providing a pathological mechanism underlying TBX3-associated puberty disorders.
BCG vaccinations drive epigenetic changes to the human T cell receptor: Restored expression in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kühtreiber Willem M. , Keefe Ryan C. , Lee Amanda H. , Aristarkhova Anna , Dias Hans F. , Ng Nathan , Nelson Kacie J. , Bien Stephanie , Scheffey Danielle , Faustman Denise L.
Published: November 2022

The BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine, introduced 100 years ago for tuberculosis prevention, has emerging therapeutic off-target benefits for autoimmunity. In randomized controlled trials, BCG vaccinations were shown to gradually improve two autoimmune conditions, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and multiple sclerosis. Here, we investigate the mechanisms behind the autoimmune benefits and test the hypothesis that this microbe synergy could be due to an impact on the host T cell receptor (TCR) and TCR signal strength. We show a quantitative TCR defect in T1D subjects consisting of a marked reduction in receptor density on T cells due to hypermethylation of TCR-related genes. BCG corrects this defect gradually over 3 years by demethylating hypermethylated sites on members of the TCR gene family. The TCR sequence is not modified through recombination, ruling out a qualitative defect. These findings support an underlying density defect in the TCR affecting TCR signal strength in T1D.
Artificial neuromuscular fibers by multilayered coaxial integration with dynamic adaption
Authors: Dong Lizhong , Ren Ming , Wang Yulian , Wang Guanghua , Zhang Shiqin , Wei Xulin , He Jianfeng , Cui Bo , Zhao Yueran , Xu Panpan , Wang Xiaona , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen
Published: November 2022

Integrating sense in a thin artificial muscle fiber for environmental adaption and actuation path tracing, as a snail tentacle does, is highly needed but still challenging because of the interfacing mismatch between the fiber’s actuation and sensing components. Here, we report an artificial neuromuscular fiber by wrapping a carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber core in sequence with an elastomer layer, a nanofiber network, and an MXene/CNT thin sheath, achieving the ingenious sense-judge-act intelligent system in an elastic fiber. The CNT/elastomer components provide actuation, and the sheath enables touch/stretch perception and hysteresis-free cyclic actuation tracing due to its strain-dependent resistance. As a whole, the coaxial structure builds a dielectric capacitor that enables sensitive touchless perception. The key to seamless integration is to use a nanofiber interface that allows the sensing layer to adaptively trace but not restrict actuation. This work provides promising solutions for closed-loop control for future intelligent soft robots.
The translocated virulence protein VirD5 causes DNA damage and mutation during
Agrobacterium
-mediated transformation of yeast
Authors: Zhang Xiaorong , Hooykaas Marjolein J. G. , van Heusden G. Paul , Hooykaas Paul J. J.
Published: November 2022

The soil bacterium
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
is a preferred gene vector not only for plants but also for fungi.
Agrobacterium
delivers a small set of virulence proteins into host cells concomitantly with transferred DNA (T-DNA) to support the transformation process. Here, we find that expression of one of these proteins, called VirD5, in yeast host cells causes replication stress and DNA damage. This can result in both genomic rearrangements and local mutations, especially small deletions. Delivery of VirD5 during cocultivation with
Agrobacterium
led to mutations in the yeast genome that were unlinked to the integration of T-DNA. This load of mutations can be prevented by using a
virD5
mutant for genome engineering, but this leads to a lower transformation frequency.
PML Body Component Sp100A Is a Cytosolic Responder to IFN and Activator of Antiviral ISGs
Authors: Dong Hongchang , Wu Wencheng , Li Jingjing , Ma Yilei , Deng Xiaomei , Guo Deyin , Xu Pei
Published: November 2022

PML bodies sit at the center stage of various important biological processes; however, the signal transduction networks of these macromolecular protein complexes remain enigmatic. The present study illustrates, in detail and for the first time, the course of signal receiving, processing, and implementation by PML bodies in response to IFN and virus infection.
Urinary Microbiome of Reproductive-Age Asymptomatic European Women
Authors: Ugarcina Perovic Svetlana , Ksiezarek Magdalena , Rocha Joana , Cappelli Elisabete Alves , Sousa Márcia , Ribeiro Teresa Gonçalves , Grosso Filipa , Peixe Luísa
Published: November 2022

The bacterial species diversity within the female urinary microbiome (FUM) has been insufficiently characterized. This study demonstrated that complementarity between optimized culture-dependent and -independent approaches is highly beneficial for comprehensive FUM species profiling by detecting higher FUM species diversity than previously reported, including identification of unreported species belonging to the genera
Lactobacillus
,
Limosilactobacillus
, and
Latilactobacillus
and putative novel
Corynebacterium
species.
Ocular features in a patient presenting with a rare combination of multiple phakomatoses
Authors: Senthilkumar Vijayalakshmi A , Kohli Piyush , Mishra Chitaranjan , Mamchisetti Kavitha
Published: November 2022

Phakomatoses are a group of congenital disorders characterised by hamartomatous lesions of the skin as well as the central and peripheral nervous systems. The presence of naevus flammeus or port-wine stain is a characteristic feature of many such disorders including Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) and Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV).

We describe the ocular findings in a patient with coexisting PPV, SWS and KTS
Higher risk of severe hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with a rapid loss of C-peptide during the first 6 years after type 1 diabetes diagnosis
Authors: Grönberg Annika , Espes Daniel , Carlsson Per-Ola , Ludvigsson Johnny
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The progression to insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes is heterogenous. This study aimed to identify early characteristics associated with rapid or slow decline of beta-cell function and how it affects the clinical course.

Research design and methods

Stimulated C-peptide was assessed by mixed meal tolerance test in 50 children (<18 years) during 2004–2017, at regular intervals for 6 years from type 1 diabetes diagnosis. 40% of the children had a rapid decline of stimulated C-peptide defined as no measurable C-peptide (<0.03 nmol/L) 30 months after diagnosis.

Results

At diagnosis, higher frequencies of detectable glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) and IA-2A (p=0.027) were associated with rapid loss of beta-cell function. C-peptide was predicted positively by age at 18 months (p=0.017) and 30 months duration (p=0.038). BMI SD scores (BMISDS) at diagnosis predicted higher C-peptide at diagnosis (p=0.006), 3 months (p=0.002), 9 months (p=0.005), 30 months (p=0.022), 3 years (p=0.009), 4 years (p=0.016) and 6 years (p=0.026), whereas high HbA1c and blood glucose at diagnosis predicted a lower C-peptide at diagnosis (p=<0.001) for both comparisons. Both GADA and IA-2A were negative predictors of C-peptide at 9 months (p=0.011), 18 months (p=0.008) and 30 months (p<0.001). Ten children had 22 events of severe hypoglycemia, and they had lower mean C-peptide at 18 months (p=0.025), 30 months (p=0.008) and 6 years (p=0.018) compared with others. Seven of them had a rapid decline of C-peptide (p=0.030), and the odds to experience a severe hypoglycemia were nearly fivefold increased (OR=4.846, p=0.04).

Conclusions

Low age and presence of multiple autoantibodies at diagnosis predicts a rapid loss of beta-cell function in children with type 1 diabetes. Low C-peptide is associated with an increased risk of severe hypoglycemia and higher Hemoglobin A1C. A high BMISDS at diagnosis is predictive of remaining beta-cell function during the 6 years of follow-up.
How can community participation strengthen a health insurance system? The case of health insurer’s user associations in Colombia
Authors: Bolivar-Vargas Mery , Alfonso-Sierra Eduardo , Bonilla Janet , Herrera Martha , Rodriguez Haydee , Villar-Uribe Manuela , Scott Kerry , Mathauer Inke
Published: November 2022

Background

Colombia’s universal health coverage programme has enrolled 98% of the population, thereby improving financial protection and health outcomes. The right to participate in the organisation of healthcare is enshrined in the 1991 Colombian Constitution. One participatory mechanism is the legal and regulatory provision that citizens can form user associations. This study examines the functionality of health insurance user associations and their influence on citizen empowerment and health insurance responsiveness.

Methods

The mixed methods study includes document review (n=72), a survey of beneficiaries (n=1311), a survey of user associations members (n=27), as well as interviews (n=19), focus group discussions (n=6) and stakeholder consultations (n=6) with user association members, government officials, and representatives from insurers, the pharmaceutical industry, and patient associations. Analysis used a content–process–context framework to understand how user associations are designed to work according to policy content, how they actually work in terms of coverage, public awareness, membership, and effectiveness, and contextual influences.

Findings

Colombia’s user associations have a mandate to represent citizens’ interests, enable participation in insurer decision-making, ‘defend users’ and oversee quality services. Insurers are mandated to ensure their enrollees create user associations, but are not required to provide resources to support their work. Thus, we found that user associations had been formed throughout the country, but the public was widely unaware of their existence. Many associations were weak, passive or entirely inactive. Limited market competition and toothless policies about user associations made insurers indifferent to community involvement.

Conclusion

Currently, the initiative suffers from low awareness and low participation levels that can hardly lead to empowered enrollees and more responsive health insurance programmes. Yet, most stakeholders value the space to participate and still see potential in the initiative. This warrants a range of policy recommendations to strengthen user associations and truly enable them to effect change.
Effectiveness of a community-based education and peer support led by women’s self-help groups in improving the control of hypertension in urban slums of Kerala, India: a cluster randomised controlled pragmatic trial
Authors: P Suseela Rakesh , Ambika Renjini Balakrishnan , Mohandas Sreelakshmi , Menon Jaideep C , Numpelil Mathews , K Vasudevan Beena , Ved Rajani , Danaei Goodarz , Spiegelman Donna
Published: November 2022

Background

With less than 20% of people with hypertension achieving their target blood pressure (BP) goals, uncontrolled hypertension remains a major public health problem in India. We conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of a community-based education and peer support programme led by women’s self-help group (SHG) members in reducing the mean systolic BP among people with hypertension in urban slums of Kochi city, Kerala, India.

Methods

A cluster randomised controlled pragmatic trial was conducted where 20 slums were randomised to either the intervention or the control arms. In each slum, participants who had elevated BP (>140/90) or were on antihypertensive medications were recruited. The intervention was delivered through women’s SHG members (1 per 20–30 households) who provided (1) assistance in daily hypertension management, (2) social and emotional support to encourage healthy behaviours and (3) referral to the primary healthcare system. Those in the control arm received standard of care. The primary outcome was change in mean systolic BP (SBP) after 6 months.

Results

A total of 1952 participants were recruited—968 in the intervention arm and 984 in the control arm. Mean SBP was reduced by 6.26 mm Hg (SE 0.69) in the intervention arm compared with 2.16 mm Hg (SE 0.70) in the control arm; the net difference being 4.09 (95% CI 2.15 to 4.09), p<0.001.

Conclusion

This women’s SHG members led community intervention was effective in reducing SBP among people with hypertension compared with those who received usual care, over 6 months in urban slums of Kerala, India.

Trial registration number

CTRI/2019/12/022252.
Prevalence and global estimates of unsafe listening practices in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dillard Lauren K , Arunda Malachi Ochieng , Lopez-Perez Lucero , Martinez Ricardo X , Jiménez Lucía , Chadha Shelly
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of unsafe listening practices from exposure to personal listening devices (PLDs) and loud entertainment venues in individuals aged 12–34 years, and to estimate the number of young people who could be at risk of hearing loss from unsafe listening worldwide.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of unsafe listening practices from PLDs and loud entertainment venues. We searched three databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2021 that reported unsafe listening practices in individuals aged 12–34 years. Pooled prevalence estimates (95% CI) of exposed populations were calculated using random effects models or ascertained from the systematic review. The number of young people who could be at risk of hearing loss worldwide was estimated from the estimated global population aged 12–34 years, and best estimates of exposure to unsafe listening ascertained from this review.

Results

Thirty-three studies (corresponding to data from 35 records and 19 046 individuals) were included; 17 and 18 records focused on PLD use and loud entertainment venues, respectively. The pooled prevalence estimate of exposure to unsafe listening from PLDs was 23.81% (95% CI 18.99% to 29.42%). There was limited certainty (p>0.50) in our pooled prevalence estimate for loud entertainment venues. Thus, we fitted a model as a function of intensity thresholds and exposure duration to identify the prevalence estimate as 48.20%. The global estimated number of young people who could be at risk of hearing loss from exposure to unsafe listening practices ranged from 0.67 to 1.35 billion.

Conclusions

Unsafe listening practices are highly prevalent worldwide and may place over 1 billion young people at risk of hearing loss. There is an urgent need to prioritise policy focused on safe listening. The World Health Organization provides comprehensive materials to aid in policy development and implementation.
Associations between circulating interferon and kynurenine/tryptophan pathway metabolites: support for a novel potential mechanism for cognitive dysfunction in SLE
Authors: Anderson Erik W , Jin Ying , Shih Andrew , Arazi Arnon , Goodwin Sara , Roeser Julien , Furie Richard A , Aranow Cynthia , Volpe Bruce , Diamond Betty , Mackay Meggan
Published: November 2022

Objective

Quinolinic acid (QA), a kynurenine (KYN)/tryptophan (TRP) pathway metabolite, is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist that can produce excitotoxic neuron damage. Type I and II interferons (IFNs) stimulate the KYN/TRP pathway, producing elevated QA/kynurenic acid (KA), a potential neurotoxic imbalance that may contribute to SLE-mediated cognitive dysfunction. We determined whether peripheral blood interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression associates with elevated serum KYN:TRP and QA:KA ratios in SLE.

Methods

ISG expression (whole-blood RNA sequencing) and serum metabolite ratios (high-performance liquid chromatography) were measured in 72 subjects with SLE and 73 healthy controls (HCs). ISG were identified from published gene sets and individual IFN scores were derived to analyse associations with metabolite ratios, clinical parameters and neuropsychological assessments. SLE analyses were grouped by level of ISG expression (‘IFN high’, ‘IFN low’ and ‘IFN similar to HC’) and level of monocyte-associated gene expression (using CIBERSORTx).

Results

Serum KYN:TRP and QA:KA ratios were higher in SLE than in HC (p<0.01). 933 genes were differentially expressed ≥2-fold in SLE versus HC (p<0.05). 70 of the top 100 most highly variant genes were ISG. Approximately half of overexpressed genes that correlated with KYN:TRP and QA:KA ratios (p<0.05) were ISG. In 36 IFN-high subjects with SLE, IFN scores correlated with KYN:TRP ratios (p<0.01), but not with QA:KA ratios. Of these 36 subjects, 23 had high monocyte-associated gene expression, and in this subgroup, the IFN scores correlated with both KY:NTRP and QA:KA ratios (p<0.05).

Conclusions

High ISG expression correlated with elevated KYN:TRP ratios in subjects with SLE, suggesting IFN-mediated KYN/TRP pathway activation, and with QA:KA ratios in a subset with high monocyte-associated gene expression, suggesting that KYN/TRP pathway activation may be particularly important in monocytes. These results need validation, which may aid in determining which patient subset may benefit from therapeutics directed at the IFN or KYN/TRP pathways to ameliorate a potentially neurotoxic QA/KA imbalance.
Two-photon exchange in (muonic) deuterium at N3LO in pionless effective field theory
Authors: Lensky Vadim , Hagelstein Franziska , Pascalutsa Vladimir
Published: November 2022

We present a study of the two-photon-exchange (2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange) corrections to the S-levels in muonic ($$\mu $$
μ
D) and ordinary (D) deuterium within the pionless effective field theory ("Equation missing"EFT). Our calculation proceeds up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in the "Equation missing"EFT expansion. The only unknown low-energy constant entering the calculation at this order corresponds to the coupling of a longitudinal photon to the nucleon–nucleon system. To minimise its correlation with the deuteron charge radius, it is extracted using the information about the hydrogen–deuterium isotope shift. We find the elastic 2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange contribution in $$\mu $$
μ
D larger by several standard deviations than obtained in other recent calculations. This discrepancy ameliorates the mismatch between theory and experiment on the size of 2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange effects, and is attributed to the properties of the deuteron elastic charge form factor parametrisation used to evaluate the elastic contribution. We identify a correlation between the deuteron charge and Friar radii, which can help one to judge how well a form factor parametrisation describes the low-virtuality properties of the deuteron. We also evaluate the higher-order 2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange contributions in $$\mu $$
μ
D, generated by the single-nucleon structure and expected to be the most important terms beyond N3LO. The uncertainty of the theoretical result is dominated by the truncation of the "Equation missing"EFT series and is quantified using a Bayesian approach. The resulting extractions of the deuteron charge radius from the $$\mu $$
μ
D Lamb shift, the $$2S{-}1S$$

2
S
-
1
S

transition in D, and the $$2S{-}1S$$

2
S
-
1
S

hydrogen–deuterium isotope shift, with the respective 2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange effects evaluated in a unified "Equation missing"EFT approach, are in perfect agreement.
A Balanced Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification
Authors: Lu Zhenyu , Lu Yonggang
Published: November 2022

Compared to cross-entropy in deep learning, triplet loss is less affected by the biased label information and widely used in fine-grained visual tasks. Especially in person re-identification (re-ID), triplet loss is improved with batch-hard sampling which only selects the hardest samples during the training process to reduce invalid triplets involved in the loss computation. The hardest samples’ loss computation can provide a more intense gradient descent than raw samples. However, the batch-hard triplet loss discards multiple samples with important information, which can negatively impact feature learning. Besides, the hardest samples cause loss stuck problems frequently in training. In this work, we propose a balanced triplet loss for comprehensive feature learning and stable model convergence. The balanced triplet loss only mines the hardest negative samples of each category within a mini-batch. Compared with batch-hard triplet loss, it preserves the features of all the negative categories rather than one negative category with the hardest negative sample. It achieves a balance between triplet selection and information loss. The experiments show that our method can produce competitive results in re-ID tasks. In addition, we analyze the correlation between the intensity of data mining and the granularity of feature learning and further adapt the balanced triplet loss to general fine-grained image classification. The experiments prove the adapted balanced triplet loss also outperforms cross-entropy in multiple datasets of different scales.
A note on square-free commuting probabilities of finite rings
Authors: Mendelsohn Andrew
Published: November 2022

It is shown that the commuting probability of a finite ring cannot be a fraction with square-free denominator, resolving a conjecture of Buckley and MacHale.
A Typology Scheme for the Criteria Weighting Methods in MADM
Authors: Hatefi Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2022

The concentration point of this study is Criteria Weighting (CW) solutions which are the methods to determine the weights of the criteria in Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM). Although there are various CW methods in the related literature, there is no extensive typology framework or coding approach for the methods. Hence, this paper aims at establishment of a novel comprehensive typology scheme with consistent notations for the CW methods, conducting an extensive review of different CW methods, and identification of relevant classifications. The motivation is to help a fast access to the relevant literature, better capabilities to address suitable CW methods in real-world problems, and better communication among the MADM/CW researchers. The basic feature of the proposed approach is the identified underlying concepts (called rule) of the CW methods. Under the study, several rules were identified and coded. The paper also portrays a complete and up-to-date survey of the published literature on the original CW methods. In addition, to select appropriate methods in real-life situations, a set of brief guidelines are raised up. This helps decision/policy makers to choose the best-fit methods to employ in their real-life challenges.
Approximation properties of wavelets on p-adic fields
Authors: Athira N. , Lineesh M. C.
Published: November 2022

Refinable functions play an important role in the construction and properties of wavelets. Basically, most of the wavelets are generated from refinable functions. In this paper, a study on the approximation properties of refinable functions on [Formula: see text]-adic fields is carried out with necessary theoretical background. Various equivalent forms of approximation order and the connection between the approximation order and the Strang–Fix condition are derived. Finally a characterization for the approximation order of a refinable function is given in terms of order of the sum rules associated with the refinement mask.
Dynamics of optical solitons in the (2 + 1)-dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Tetchoka-Manemo Cedric , Tala-Tebue Eric , Inc Mustafa , Ejuh Geh Wilson , Kenfack-Jiotsa Aurelien
Published: November 2022

The [Formula: see text]-dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE), which specifies the edge states of the Hall effect, is presented in this study. A complicated transformation is performed, and the bifurcation conditions are determined using the theory of planar dynamical systems. The phase pictures of the system are then produced using quantitative analysis in order to predict the family of solutions which can be found for the equation studied. It is important to note that this prediction is usually not made. The qualities of phase pictures are then used to obtain the exact solutions. As a result, this model produces some bright solitons, dark solitons and periodic wave solitons. Some of the solutions are graphically depicted in three dimensions (3D) using Matlab software to aid comprehension, and they play an important part in the creation of realistic Quantum Hall effects when Chiral excitations are known to occur. The method applied in this paper is simple and does not need an ansatz to predict the solutions as in the literature.
β-Diformyl porphyrins: Synthesis, structural, spectral and electrochemical properties
Authors: Prakash Kamal , Sankar Muniappan
Published: November 2022

Antipodal β-diformyl porphyrin (H2TPP(CHO)2) and its metal complexes (MTPP(CHO)2, M = [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Diformyl porphyrins possess two electron-withdrawing formyl substituents at their β-pyrrole positions making them electron-deficient macrocycles. UV-Vis absorption spectra of MTPP(CHO)2 are red-shifted as compared to β-monoformyl/hydroxymethyl porphyrins and a further large anodic shift ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text] = 0.15 - 0.52 V) was observed in their redox potentials. Hammett plots of MTPP(X)(Y) (X = CHO, CH2OH; Y = H, CHO) showed that the HOMO-LUMO energy gap decreases with the increment in the Hammett parameter ([Formula: see text] of the substituents. DFT studies are performed for different positional isomeric diformyl porphyrins which reveal that the position of β-formyl groups affects the geometry of the porphyrin core while the symmetrical nature of 2,13-diformyl porphyrin and longer distance between two formyl groups bring quasiplanar conformation of the diformyl porphyrin macrocycle.
Hybrid reconstruction framework for model-based multispectral bioluminescence tomography based on Alpha-divergence
Authors: Liu Ying , Guo Hongbo , Xiao Yinglong , Li Wenjing , Yu Jingjing
Published: November 2022

Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a promising imaging modality that can provide noninvasive three-dimensional visualization information on tumor distribution. In BLT reconstruction, the widely used methods based on regularization or greedy strategy face problems such as over-sparsity, over-smoothing, spatial discontinuity, poor robustness, and poor multi-target resolution. To deal with these problems, combining the advantages of the greedy strategies as well as regularization methods, we propose a hybrid reconstruction framework for model-based multispectral BLT using the support set of a greedy strategy as a feasible region and the Alpha-divergence to combine the weighted solutions obtained by [Formula: see text]1-norm and [Formula: see text]2-norm regularization methods. In numerical simulations with digital mouse and in vivo experiments, the results show that the proposed framework has better localization accuracy, spatial resolution, and multi-target resolution.
Fold-and-thrust belts and associated basins: a perspective on their structure, sedimentation, and dynamics
Authors: Cheng Feng , Zuza Andrew V. , Liu Yiduo , Sundell Kurt
Published: November 2022

Fold-and-thrust belts are structural features that accommodate upper-crustal shortening by the growth of a series of thrust faults and folds. Recent studies show that a better understanding of the structure and sedimentation styles of fold-and-thrust belts and their associated basins can provide crucial insights for improved interpretations of the evolution of ancient and modern convergent margins and the mechanisms of intracontinental deformation. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the development of contractional orogenic belts, this thematic collection gathers contributions that explore different types of fold-and-thrust belts at various scales around the world, via different approaches including theory development, structural and stratigraphic observations from the field, geophysical analyses, and numerical modelling. Case studies include the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau and Pamir region, the Timanian and Caledonian orogenies in northern Norway, orogenic belts in western Laurentia, and the Andes of western South America. These studies reemphasize the importance of integrating broad datasets when documenting the distribution, geometry, and kinematics of structures in fold-and-thrust belts and their associated basins, including field-based structural observations, provenance, low-temperature thermochronologic, geomorphologic, and subsurface data, and analog and numerical models. This thematic collection aims to encourage further efforts for comparative studies of the fold-and-thrust belts around the world and proposes interdisciplinary research to address outstanding questions in the study of contractional orogens.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Fold-and-thrust belts collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/fold-and-thrust-belts-and-associated-basins
Use of a Bipolar, Metallic Luggin-Haber Probe for Electrochemical Measurements of Interfacial Potential
Authors: Choudhary S. , Marusak K. , Eldred T. , Kelly R. G.
Published: November 2022

The most fundamental aspect of electrochemical measurements is the evaluation of the interfacial potentials. Reference electrodes are the primary means by which these potentials are related to thermodynamic conditions as well as to measurements by others. A true reference electrode has its potentials poised by a redox couple occurring on its surface. The potential of the redox couple is known, thus any measurements using the reference electrode can be related to the hydrogen electrode scale, for example. However, most commercial reference electrodes must be separated from the test solution of interest by a porous frit and/or a Luggin-Haber probe/salt bridge in order to minimize contamination. Nonetheless, some ionic flow is required. This work demonstrates the use of a metal wire to serve as a bridge between a reference electrode compartment and a test solution in a physically distinct container. It is shown that the metal bridge provides a means of making identical potential measurements to that from a salt bridge but without the contamination. The metal bridge is shown to be compatible with a wide range of electrochemical techniques. A framework for understanding the potentials measured as well as the limitations of the approach are discussed.
PERK/ATF4-dependent expression of the stress response protein REDD1 promotes proinflammatory cytokine expression in the heart of obese mice
Authors: Stevens Shaunaci A. , Gonzalez Aguiar Maria K. , Toro Allyson L. , Yerlikaya Esma I. , Sunilkumar Siddharth , VanCleave Ashley M. , Pfleger Jessica , Bradley Elisa A. , Kimball Scot R. , Dennis Michael D.
Published: November 2022

Interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation contributes to cardiovascular disease progression. The studies here identify the stress response protein known as REDD1 as a missing molecular link that connects the development of endoplasmic reticulum stress with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in the hearts of obese mice.
Identification of Key Genes and miRNAs Affecting Osteosarcoma Based on Bioinformatics
Authors: Li Le , Zhou Xin , Zhang Wencan , Zhao Ran
Published: November 2022

Object. Osteosarcoma is an intractable malignant disease, and few therapeutic methods can thoroughly eradicate its focuses. This study attempted to investigate the related mechanism of osteosarcoma by bioinformatics methods. Methods. GSE70367 and GSE69470 were obtained from the GEO database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs were analyzed using the GEO2R tool and then visualized with R software. Moreover, the targets of the miRNAs in the DEGs were screened and then used for enrichment analysis. Besides, the STRING database and Cytoscape were applied to illustrate the protein-protein interaction network. RT-qPCR was performed to measure the expression of key genes and miRNAs. Western blot was applied to detect the signaling pathway. Results. 9 upregulated genes and 39 downregulated genes in GSE69470 were identified as the DEGs, and 31 upregulated genes and 56 downregulated genes in GSE70367 were identified as the DEGs. Moreover, 21 common genes were found in the DEGs of GSE70367 and GSE69470. The enrichment analysis showed that the common DEGs of GSE70367 and GSE69470 were related with cell development, covalent chromatin modification, and histone modification and involve in the regulation of MAPK, mTOR, and AMPK pathways. Besides, the miRNAs including miR-543, miR-495-3p, miR-433-3p, miR-381-3p, miR-301a-3p, miR-199b-5p, and miR-125b-5p were identified as the biomarkers of osteosarcoma. In addition, the target genes including HSPA5, PPARG, MAPK14, RAB11A, RAB5A, MAPK8, LEF1, HIF1A, CAV1, GS3KB, FOXO3, IGF1, and NFKBIA were identified as hub nodes. It was found that miR-301a-3p expression was decreased and mRNA expression of RAB5A and NFKBIA was increased in the pathological tissues. The AKT-PI3K-mTOR signaling pathway was activated in pathological tissues. Conclusion. In this study, 7 miRNAs and 13 hub genes were identified, which might be candidate markers. miR-301a-3p, RAB5A, and NFKBIA were abnormally expressed in osteosarcoma tissues.
Effect of Thermal Processing on Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Raw and Cooked Moringa oleifera Lam. Pods
Authors: Razzak Abdur , Roy Keya Rani , Sadia Ummay , Zzaman Wahidu
Published: November 2022

Moringa is regarded as a miracle tree because all components of the plant, including the roots, leaves, pod, and flowers, have significant nutritional and therapeutic value. Moringa oleifera Lam. pods have excellent antioxidant characteristics and are a good source of protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, beta-carotene, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. The pods of Moringa oleifera Lam. were collected from the local market of Sunamganj, and their nutritional value was assessed in raw condition and after thermal processing. The goal of this research was to observe how the thermal temperature affected the antioxidant and physicochemical qualities of thermally-processed Moringa oleifera Lam. pods. Thermal treatment diminished the amount of crude protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, ascorbic acid, and beta-carotene in the pods, as well as DPPH, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content. The moisture percentage of raw and thermally-processed Moringa oleifera Lam. pods was determined to be 83.12%, 86.03% with a total ash level of 2.01%, and 1.8%, respectively. The crude protein, fat content, and carbohydrate were 3.0%, 0.1%, and 3.2%, respectively, in thermally-processed pods. The values for total phenol content, total flavonoid content, vitamin C, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and β-carotene were 28.13 mg, 2.98 mg, 38.23%, 3.98 mg, and 0.12 mg, respectively, in raw samples whereas 24.56 mg, 2.72 mg, 3.50 mg, 34.32%, and 0.0904 mg, respectively, in thermally-processed samples. According to the findings, Moringa oleifera Lam. pods have high nutritional content and thus can be used as an excellent source of diet, and even after thermal processing, a significant nutritive value remains in the Moringa oleifera Lam. pods.
Assessment of River Water Quality and Pollution Status Using Physicochemical and Biometrics, Awetu River, Ethiopia
Authors: Ebsa Dessalegn Geleta , Kabeta Worku Firomsa
Published: November 2022

The surface water is contaminated by a variety of synthetic organic and inorganic compounds, chemicals, and nutrients; due to this reason, the quality of the water resources of Ethiopia is declining at an alarming rate, resulting in severe environmental degradation. The main objective of the study was to recognize the pollution status river for the study area by physicochemical parameters and the extent of microbial environmental matrices. The experiment was conducted using a complete randomized model with three composite replicates in each site, and water samples were collected from six different sampling sites using the American Public Health Association (APHA) technique. Water quality parameters were analyzed by the standard method of examination, whereas same examination was determined on site (in situ) (pH, Temp, Conductivity, and Turbidity), whereas TSS, COD, BOD, nitrate, alkali, and orthophosphate were identified in the laboratory. The relationship between physicochemical and benthos assemblages as bio indicators of ecohydrological river water quality was investigated using Spearman’s median rank correlation. The output of the study reveals that there was a negatively significant difference in effect between the sample and all the sites of the river. Physicochemical results of the river indicate Temp (23.62), EC (101.42), nitrate (2.175), and orthophosphates (0.081) were below the standard guidelines; however, turbidity (8.41), BOD (784.5), and alkali (396.5) were above the standard. Same of the water quality values for this study were ranges within the standard, DO (5.11), and pH (7.66). The benthos assemblage communities of the ecohydrological area were more influenced by the influents, and the macroinvertebrate index of all sample sites indicates the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices; result shows that the river was lightly polluted.