bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kallitsounaki Aimilia , Williams David M.
Published: May 2022

The suggested overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria/incongruence (GD/GI) has been much disputed. This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the pooled estimate of the prevalence of ASD diagnoses in GD/GI people was 11% (p < .001) and the overall effect size of the difference in ASD traits between GD/GI and control people was significant (g = 0.67, p < .001). Heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses. We demonstrated that the chances that there is not a link between ASD and GD/GI are negligible, yet the size of it needs further investigation.
Shining a Light on a Hidden Population: Social Functioning and Mental Health in Women Reporting Autistic Traits But Lacking Diagnosis
Authors: Belcher Hannah L. , Morein-Zamir Sharon , Stagg Steven D. , Ford Ruth M.
Published: May 2022

Female Phenotype Theory (FPT) suggests that autistic women often present with less obvious social impairments than autistic men. We examined the possibility of an exaggerated female phenotype among undiagnosed but probably autistic women. In two nationwide online surveys, we compared self-reported social functioning and mental health between diagnosed autistic women and women without diagnosis who scored ≥ 32 on the Autism Quotient. Compared to diagnosed autistic women, probably autistic women had higher empathy and general social functioning, and were more likely to have received a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder. Autistic women had typically received more mental health diagnoses prior to their ASC diagnosis than autistic men. These findings shed light on the history of misdiagnosis experienced by many autistic women.
Prediction of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Based on De Novo Coding Variation
Authors: Chow Julie C. , Hormozdiari Fereydoun
Published: May 2022

The early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) can significantly improve patient outcomes. The differential burden of non-synonymous de novo mutation among NDD cases and controls indicates that de novo coding variation can be used to identify a subset of samples that will likely display an NDD phenotype. Thus, we have developed an approach for the accurate prediction of NDDs with very low false positive rate (FPR) using de novo coding variation for a small subset of cases. We use a shallow neural network that integrates de novo likely gene-disruptive and missense variants, measures of gene constraint, and conservation information to predict a small subset of NDD cases at very low FPR and prioritizes NDD risk genes for future clinical study.
High-power short-duration ablation index–guided pulmonary vein isolation protocol using a single catheter
Authors: Badertscher Patrick , Knecht Sven , Spies Florian , Völlmin Gian , Schaer Beat , Schärli Nicolas , Bosshard Flurina , Osswald Stefan , Sticherling Christian , Kühne Michael
Published: May 2022

Background

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly performed electrophysiological procedure. To improve healthcare utilization, we aimed to compare the efficacy, efficiency, and safety of a minimalistic, streamlined single catheter ablation approach using a high-power short-duration ablation index–guided protocol (HPSD) vs. a control single-catheter protocol (SP).

Methods

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with a single transseptal puncture without a multipolar mapping catheter was performed in 91 patients. Left atrial mapping was performed with the ablation catheter, only. Pacing maneuvers were used to confirm exit block. Procedural characteristics and success rates were compared using HPSD (n = 34) vs. a control (n = 57) ablation protocol. Freedom from recurrence was defined as a 1-year absence of AF episodes > 30 s, beyond the 3-month blanking period.

Results

Using the HPSD protocol the median procedure and RF ablation time were significantly shorter compared to the SP, 84 (IQR 76–100) vs. 118 min (IQR 104–141) and 1036 (898–1184) vs. 1949s (IQR 1693–2261), respectively, p < .001 for all. First-pass PVI was achieved using the HPSD protocol in 88% and using the SP in 87% of patients, p = 1.0. No procedural complications were observed. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin levels were significantly higher in patients using the HPSD protocol compared to the SP. At 12 months follow-up, 87% patients remained free from AF with no differences between groups.

Conclusions

A minimalistic, HPSD ablation index–guided PVI with a single-catheter approach is very efficient, safe, and associated with excellent clinical outcomes at 1 year.
Work-related support in clinical care for patients with a chronic disease: development of an intervention
Authors: Butink Maarten , Dona Desiree , Boonen Annelies , Peters Marlies , Baadjou Vera , Senden Theo , de Rijk Angelique
Published: May 2022

Background

Patients with a chronic disease are more vulnerable in the labor market, and work-related support in clinical care would enhance the timely support greatly needed in each phase of their working life. This paper describes the development of a generic stay-at-work intervention to provide work-related support in clinical care to patients with a chronic disease.

Methods

Steps 1–4 of Intervention Mapping (IM) were combined with action research principles. A needs assessment (Step 1) involved the project group formation, a literature review, qualitative studies with healthcare professionals (HCPs; n = 9) and patients (n = 10), consultation with financial staff and testing, and resulted in objectives (Step 2). Guided by methods and applications (Step 3), the intervention was developed, tested and finalized (Step 4).

Results

The needs assessment revealed the importance of behavioral change in HCPs, including changing attitude, self-efficacy, and social influence. For that purpose, a pathway and training sessions were developed. Testing these unveiled the need for practical tools and intervision. The final intervention comprises a care pathway as part of working routines, including screening, risk stratification, and tailored support. Practical tools, training sessions, and intervision for HCPs were developed.

Conclusions

Combining IM with action research principles resulted in a generic stay-at-work intervention in clinical care via behavioral change in HCPs. A generic care pathway, practical tools, training sessions, and intervision were developed. More specific alignment to specific patient groups is possible. To implement the intervention in another hospital, the local context, (financial) resources, and the national legislation should be considered.
How bricoleurs go international: a European cross-country study considering the moderating role of governmental entrepreneurship support programs
Authors: Kollmann Tobias , Hensellek Simon , Jung Philipp Benedikt , de Cruppe Katharina
Published: May 2022

Research increasingly suggests that innovativeness and internationalization are two intertwined pathways to growth for entrepreneurial ventures. However, both ways can be resource intensive and thus challenging. Therefore, theory points to the emerging concept of entrepreneurial bricolage to explain how resourceful behavior helps entrepreneurial ventures thrive despite facing the challenges associated with growth. At the same time, recent studies increasingly emphasize the importance of institutional support for successful venture growth. Combining both streams, this study explores product/service innovativeness as a mediator in the relationship between bricolage and the degree of internationalization and further investigates the moderating role of governmental entrepreneurship support programs in this relationship. By drawing on a unique dataset of 681 European entrepreneurial ventures, we find that bricolage is an important means for entrepreneurial ventures that target foreign markets, as it fosters product/service innovativeness and thereby enhances a venture’s degree of internationalization. Interestingly, governmental entrepreneurship support programs do not affect the link between bricolage and innovativeness, but they influence how innovativeness translates into greater degrees of internationalization. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Parent-child Communication, Social Norms, and the Development of Cyber Aggression in Early Adolescence
Authors: Bullo Anna , Schulz Peter J.
Published: May 2022

To understand the development of cyber aggression during adolescence, it is important to consider the temporal variability of its potential predictors. This study uses a four-wave survey to investigate how changes in peer norms, parental norms, and parental communication are associated with two-year trajectories of online peer aggression. The sample includes 1521 Swiss middle school students (Mage T1 = 11.54, SD = 0.40; 48% female). The results showed that over time a better parental communication quality and anti-aggression norms predicted lower rates and slower development of cyber aggression. Moreover, parental variables emerged as a quite stable deterrent of aggressive conduct. Although entrance into adolescence is characterized by the rise of peer influence, results from this study suggest that parents maintain an important protective role.
A Person-Centered Approach to Adolescent Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Predictors and Correlates in a Community Sample
Authors: Reinhardt Melinda , Rice Kenneth G. , Durán Barbara S. , Kökönyei Gyöngyi
Published: May 2022

Growing incidence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and a lack of intensive examination of NSSI variability among adolescents justify identification of latent classes based on the endorsement of different NSSI behaviors. Latent class analysis was used to detect the heterogeneity of past month NSSI among 322 high school students (73.2% female). Two interpretable latent classes emerged. The Severe/Multimethod NSSI class (39%) engaged in almost all forms of NSSI with high intensity and motivated mainly for intrapersonal reasons. The results imply that compared to Mild/Moderate NSSI group (61%), the Severe class is at greater risk for poor mental health, which can exacerbate further NSSI acts. In school settings, identifying adolescents who are vulnerable for more severe NSSI can help to interrupt NSSI trajectories to emerging adulthood.
Effects of chlorine particle concentration on the human airway
Authors: Elwekeel Fifi N. M. , Cui Xinguang , Abdala Antar M. M.
Published: May 2022

For COVID-19, chlorine has lately been utilised as a home disinfectant. Given that chlorine is hazardous to the human airway, the current research investigates the effects of chlorine mass fraction and droplet size on the human airway. The effects are investigated at chlorine mass ratios of 2% (24 ppm), 10% (120 ppm), 15% (180 ppm), and 20% (240 ppm), as well as chlorine particle diameters of 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, and 50 nm, and three inhalation rates (15 l/min, 30 l/min, and 60 l/min). The results reveal that when the chlorine mass fraction is 2% and the inhalation rate is low, the chlorine volume fraction decreases. Furthermore, at 2% chlorine and a rapid breathing rate, chlorine particles are accelerated to escape into the lungs.
Intranasal Oxytocin Attenuates Cognitive Impairment, β-Amyloid Burden and Tau Deposition in Female Rats with Alzheimer’s Disease: Interplay of ERK1/2/GSK3β/Caspase-3
Authors: El-Ganainy Samar O. , Soliman Omar A. , Ghazy Aya A. , Allam Maram , Elbahnasi Aya I. , Mansour Amira M. , Gowayed Mennatallah A.
Published: May 2022

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide hormone that plays an important role in social bonding and behavior. Recent studies indicate that oxytocin could be involved in the regulation of neurological disorders. However, its role in modulating cognition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has never been explored. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the potential of chronic intranasal oxytocin in halting memory impairment & AD pathology in aluminum chloride-induced AD in female rats. Morris water maze was used to assess cognitive dysfunction in two-time points throughout the treatment period. In addition, neuroprotective effects of oxytocin were examined by assessing hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity, β-amyloid 1–42 protein, and Tau levels. In addition, ERK1/2, GSK3β, and caspase-3 levels were assessed as chief neurobiochemical mediators in AD. Hippocampi histopathological changes were also evaluated. These findings were compared to the standard drug galantamine alone and combined with oxytocin. Results showed that oxytocin restored cognitive functions and improved animals’ behavior in the Morris test. This was accompanied by a significant decline in acetylcholinesterase activity, 1–42 β-amyloid and Tau proteins levels. Hippocampal ERK1/2 and GSK3β were also reduced, exceeding galantamine effects, thus attenuating AD pathological hallmarks formation. Determination of caspase-3 revealed low cytoplasmic positivity, indicating the ceasing of neuronal death. Histopathological examination confirmed these findings, showing restored hippocampal cells structure. Combined galantamine and oxytocin treatment showed even better biochemical and histopathological profiles. It can be thus concluded that oxytocin possesses promising neuroprotective potential in AD mediated via restoring cognition and suppressing β-amyloid, Tau accumulation, and neuronal death.
Brutalist fundamentalism: radical and moderate
Authors: Giannotti Joaquim
Published: May 2022

In contemporary metaphysics, the doctrine that the fundamental facts are those which are wholly ungrounded is the received view or something near enough. Against thisradical brutalism, several metaphysicians argued in favour of the existence of fundamental facts that are moderately brute or merely partially grounded. However, the arguments for moderately brute facts rely on controversial metaphysical scenarios. This paper aims to counteract the tendency in favour of radical brutalism on scientific grounds. It does so by showing that naturalistic metaphysicians can appeal to plausible considerations from physical theory to establish the existence of moderately brute facts. But should the naturalistic metaphysician embracemoderate brutalism, namely the view that the fundamental facts are those which are merely partially ungrounded? Here I argue for a negative answer, recommending a more inclusive pluralism about the kinds of brute facts we can expect to find in nature.
Effect of Caragana korshinskii Kom. as a partial substitution for sheep forage on intake, digestibility, growth, carcass features, and the rumen bacterial community
Authors: Wang Xiaoqi , Huang Xinyi , Zhang Zhichao , Duan Ziyuan
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to verify that Caragana korshinskii Kom. (CK) as a component of sheep forage influences lamb digestibility and rumen fermentation by altering the rumen microbial community. Hence, 12 female Tan sheep were allocated into 2 groups: receiving (CK group) or not (control group) 10% of the diet forage fraction with CK. During the 60-day experiment, growth performance, apparent digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and nitrogen balance were measured. Meanwhile, the rumen bacterial community diversity and composition were detected by the 16S rRNA sequence. The results indicated that the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fibre (ADF) tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.10), and the feed conversion efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) when CK was offered. Compared to those under alfalfa, the composition and abundance of the rumen microbial community were altered in the CK group, and the phylum Firmicutes, which is involved in promoting fibre digestion, increased in abundance. Moreover, VFAs tended to decrease (0.05 < P < 0.10), and the molar proportion of butyrate declined; similarly, levels of hypoxanthine and xanthine were lower (P < 0.05) in the sheep fed CK and may have been responsible for the decreased abundance of Fibrobacter spp., which are cellulolytic ruminal bacteria associated with VFA production.
Empathy as an engaging strategy in social robotics: a pilot study
Authors: García-Corretjer Marialejandra , Ros Raquel , Mallol Roger , Miralles David
Published: May 2022

Empathy plays a fundamental role in building relationships. To foster close relationships and lasting engagements between humans and robots, empathy models can provide direct clues into how it can be done. In this study, we focus on capturing in a quantitative way indicators of early empathy realization between a human and a robot using a process that encompasses affective attachment, trust, expectations and reflecting on the other’s perspective within a set of collaborative strategies. We hypothesize that an active collaboration strategy is conducive to a more meaningful and purposeful engagement of realizing empathy between a human and a robot compared to a passive one. With a deliberate design, the interaction with the robot was presented as a maze game where a human and a robot must collaborate in order to reach the goal using two strategies: one maintaining control individually taking turns (passive strategy) and the other one where both must agree on their next move based on reflection and argumentation. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the pilot study confirmed that a general sense of closeness with the robot was perceived when applying the active strategy. Regarding the specific indicators of empathy realization: (1) affective attachment, affective emulation was equally present throughout the experiment in both conditions, and thus, no conclusion could be reached; (2) trust, quantitative analysis partially supported the hypothesis that an active collaborative strategy will promote teamwork attitudes, where the human is open to the robot’s suggestions and to act as a teammate; and (3) regulating expectation, quantitative analysis confirmed that a collaborative strategy promoted a discovery process that regulates the subject’s expectation toward the robot. Overall, we can conclude that an active collaborative strategy impacts favorably the process of realizing empathy compared to a passive one. The results are compelling to move the design of this experiment forward into more comprehensive studies, ultimately leading to a path where we can clearly study engagements that reduce abandonment and disillusionment with the process of realizing empathy as the core design for active collaborative strategies.
Drought Governance in Transition: a Case Study of the Meuse River Basin in the Netherlands
Authors: Brockhoff Romy Carmen , Biesbroek Robbert , Van der Bolt Bregje
Published: May 2022

The Netherlands is internationally renowned for its flood risk management, but three consecutive dry years between 2018–2020 fuelled the debate on how to deal with future drought risk. Drought governance in the Netherlands is still in its infancy. The increased sense of urgency has led many scholars and policy makers to call for transitions towards a more anticipatory drought governance which enables transformative actions in an adequate and timely manner. Whilst transitions have been studied before, few have looked at governance systems, and even fewer on the processes that can steer the direction and speed of governance transitions in the future. This paper adopts a novel perspective by combining theories on mechanisms and transitions to analyse future governance transitions. The aim of this study is to identify the key mechanisms that have potential to steer and/or accelerate transitions in Dutch drought governance. This study focusses on the upper part of the Dutch Meuse River basin. Using a document analysis, expert interviews, and focus group discussions, the findings show that five underlying micro-level mechanisms are critical to steer and accelerate transitions. These include social learning, shared problem perception, administrative courage and leadership, persistency, and institutionalisation. The novel transition-mechanistic conceptual approach adopted in this study offers a starting point for other studies that wish to obtain a better understanding of underlying processes in a transition.
Triplicate functions
Authors: Budaghyan Lilya , Ivkovic Ivana , Kaleyski Nikolay
Published: May 2022

We define the class of triplicate functions as a generalization of 3-to-1 functions over $$\mathbb {F}_{2^{n}}$$

F

2
n

for even values of n. We investigate the properties and behavior of triplicate functions, and of 3-to-1 among triplicate functions, with particular attention to the conditions under which such functions can be APN. We compute the exact number of distinct differential sets of power APN functions and quadratic 3-to-1 functions; we show that, in this sense, quadratic 3-to-1 functions are a generalization of quadratic power APN functions for even dimensions, in the same way that quadratic APN permutations are generalizations of quadratic power APN functions for odd dimensions. We show that quadratic 3-to-1 APN functions cannot be CCZ-equivalent to permutations in the case of doubly-even dimensions. We compute a lower bound on the Hamming distance between any two quadratic 3-to-1 APN functions, and give an upper bound on the number of such functions over $$\mathbb {F}_{2^{n}}$$

F

2
n

for any even n. We survey all known infinite families of APN functions with respect to the presence of 3-to-1 functions among them, and conclude that for even n almost all of the known infinite families contain functions that are quadratic 3-to-1 or are EA-equivalent to quadratic 3-to-1 functions. We also give a simpler univariate representation in the case of singly-even dimensions of the family recently introduced by Göloglu than the ones currently available in the literature. We conduct a computational search for quadratic 3-to-1 functions in even dimensions n ≤ 12. We find six new APN instances for n = 10, and the first sporadic APN instance for n = 12 since 2006. We provide a list of all known 3-to-1 APN functions for n ≤ 12.
Engagement at a higher level: The effects of public value on employee engagement, the organization, and society
Authors: Grubert Thorben , Steuber Josephina , Meynhardt Timo
Published: May 2022

We investigate whether an organization’s social contribution is associated with positive consequences for both the organization and its employees by building on the growing body of research that aims to bridge the gap between micro-level and macro-level phenomena. Specifically, we theorize and empirically show that public value can increase the engagement of employees, while employee engagement mediates the effect of public value on job satisfaction, affective commitment, life satisfaction, and intention to quit. To test our hypotheses, we conduct a large-scale representative online survey (N = 1383). We use organizational public value as a comprehensive conceptualization of the social contribution of organizations and measure employee engagement by creating and validating a German-language version of Shuck et al.'s (2017a) employee engagement scale. Our findings indicate that both external and internal benefits for the organization and its employees may need to be considered when an organization decides on how to balance or integrate profit and social contribution. Additionally, we demonstrate that the experiences of employees regarding not only their work role but also their role as members of their organization, i.e., their perception of their organization’s public value, are relevant for a more comprehensive understanding of what affects and engages employees.
Hybrid modeling approach for the tether of an airborne wind energy system
Authors: Duda D. F. , Fuest H. , Islam T. , Ostermann T. , Moormann D.
Published: May 2022

The design of controllers for the automatic operation of airborne vehicles is challenging. Especially in the emerging research field of airborne wind energy, where tethered aircraft convert energy from wind at higher altitudes into electricity, the development of robust and safe control systems will be a critical success factor. Typically, these systems consist of one or more controlled aircraft, a ground station, and one or more tethers that transfer aerodynamic forces acting on the wings to the ground. To understand these systems and control them for real-time simulations, suitable tether models must extend the classical flight mechanical models. In this paper, a hybrid approach is presented, combining an elastic spring model with a catenary model of the tether. In particular, for real-time simulations in a model-in-the-loop environment where a static modeling approach is sufficient, this hybrid model is intended to provide an alternative to the commonly used spring models. Furthermore, such a static tether model neglects high-frequency dynamic oscillations that can occur with dynamic lumped mass models. As consequence, the focus is on primary influences such as stiffness and sag due to external loads. The developed hybrid model is analyzed and compared with the spring model for a simulated tethered flight. It can be concluded that this hybrid static model, although subject to strong assumptions such as symmetrical tether sag, represents the tether more accurately. For example, it allows a more precise design of the flight controller before conducting any flight tests. This model can be used as a reasonable alternative to the simple spring model whenever a static modeling approach of the tether is adequate.
Attachment anxiety and depressive symptoms in undergraduate medical students: The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies
Authors: Colonnello Valentina , Fino Edita , Russo Paolo Maria
Published: May 2022

Introduction Several studies report that medical students are at high risk of depression. Despite the variability in students’ vulnerability to depression, the role of individual differences in depression risk among medical students has hardly been investigated. Studies outside of medical student populations have shown that individual differences in attachment style and emotion regulation participate in vulnerability to depression.

Objectives This study investigates to what extent medical students’ depressive symptoms are related to differences in students’ insecure attachment styles and their perception of reduced access to emotion regulation strategies.

Methods In a cross-sectional quantitative study, undergraduate medical students at the beginning of their second academic year completed online questionnaires measuring their attachment style, difficulties in emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms.

Results Out of the 390 medical students invited, 267 participated in the survey. Higher secure attachment was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Medical students’ insecure attachment style and emotion dysregulation were significantly related to depressive symptoms. Difficulties in employing strategies to disengage from one’s own negative affect partly mediated the effects of two dimensions of insecure anxious attachment—need for approval and preoccupation with relationships—on depressive symptoms.

Discussion Anxious attachment style and limited access to emotion regulation strategies participate in medical students’ depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the need for acknowledging medical students’ attachment style and students’ perceived access to emotion regulation strategies for the early identification of and intervention programs for the risk of depression.
Optimisation of wasted air utilisation in thermal loss reduction in double-glazed windows of commercial buildings in cold regions
Authors: Lami Mohammed , Al-naemi Faris , Jabbar Hussein A. , Alrashidi Hameed , Issa Walid
Published: May 2022

Ventilating of multi pane-glazed windows using wasted air of buildings is an effective technique to minimize heat loss through windows and save heating energy in cold regions. In low-scaled occupancy buildings with high WWR ratio, buildings supply a low flow rate of wasted air to windows ventilation systems, resulting in a declination in its thermal performance. Therefore, this study introduces methods of managing the utilisation of wasted air in windows ventilation to optimise the energy saving. Two methods have been implemented experimentally on a small-scaled room. The first method is a time-based division of air pump operation, an air pump ventilates multiple windows, one window at a time repetitively. The second method shares the available wasted air to multiple windows. The experimental results and mathematical heat transfer model have been employed to evaluate thermal performance of the system in different methods. The first method showed a best energy saving with a duty cycle of 50% for the air pump, and on/off operation every 10 s. An energy saving of 42.6% has been realized compared to the traditional double-glazed windows, and the heat transfer coefficient was declined from 3.82 to 2.8 W/m2 K. The second method showed an optimum thermal performance when the available flow rate of wasted air was shared with three double-glazed windows. An energy saving of 83.1% was achieved compared to the traditional double-glazed windows, and the heat transfer coefficient dropped from 3.82 to 2.36 W/m2 K.
Estimation of meal portions in bulimia nervosa compared to anorexia nervosa and healthy controls
Authors: Pasi Patrick , Piccolo Mayron , Kaufmann Lisa-Katrin , Martin-Soelch Chantal , Müller-Pfeiffer Christoph , Milos Gabriella
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are potentially life-threatening eating disorders (ED) that primarily affect young people, mostly women. The central common pathology is linked to the relationship with food and with abnormalities in food intake. A previous study indicated that individuals with AN tend to overestimate food portion sizes compared to healthy controls (HC), but no study has investigated these patterns in BN, which was the objective of this study.

Methods

Women with BN (27), AN (28), and HC (27) were asked to rate different meal portion sizes in two conditions: as if they were supposed to eat them (intent-to-eat condition) or in general (general condition). BN results were compared to HC and AN using mixed model analyses.

Results

BN showed larger estimations compared to HC, while smaller estimations compared to AN. These differences were found mostly for intermediate portion sizes. No difference for conditions (intent-to-eat; general) was found between groups.

Conclusion

When estimating food portion sizes, individuals with BN seem to fall intermediately between HC and AN. ED symptoms in BN were most strongly associated with higher portion estimation. This might therefore reflect one aspect of the cognitive distortions typically seen also in AN. A therapeutic option could include the frequent visual exposure to increasing portions of food, what may serve to recalibrate visual perceptions of what a “normal-sized” portion of food looks like.

Level of evidence

Level II: Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.
Health Equity in Pediatric Drug Development: Translating Aspiration into Operation
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Conway Magda , Russo Carolyn , Diniz Nilza , Jafta Lungile P. , Sam-Agudu Nadia A. , Bernays Sarah , Santana Victor M. , Epps Carla , Turner Mark A.
Published: May 2022

The concept of health equity—the attainment of the highest possible level of health for all members of society—requires equitable access to all aspects of healthcare, including pediatric drug development. However, many communities are under-represented in pediatric drug development programs. Barriers to participation include geographic, economic, racial/ethnic bias, legal, cultural, linguistic, and other factors. While there is no “one size fits all” approach to addressing these barriers, community engagement and collaboration is recognized by the Centers for Disease Control, the World Health Organization, and other global health organizations as a cornerstone for building a more equitable healthcare system. In this article, we will present case studies of stakeholder and community engagement in clinical research for rare diseases and other areas of healthcare, as examples of strategies and practices for actively involving under-represented communities and fostering their participation in pediatric drug development programs. These studies may serve as templates for facilitating equity in pediatric drug development from aspiration into operation.
Constitutional and Administrative Law
Authors: Masterman Roger , Murray Colin
Published: May 2022

Using numerous topical examples and a clear structure, this third edition textbook provides an accessible, discursive and scholarly treatment of the key contemporary issues in UK public law. Drawing upon their extensive teaching and research experience, Roger Masterman and Colin Murray offer an engaging account of the key topics which make up a constitutional and administrative, or public, law syllabus. Controversial issues and broader debates are highlighted throughout the text, allowing the reader to develop a strong understanding of both the application of key topics in the field and the socio-political context in which the constitution has developed. This fully revised edition includes detailed analysis of recent significant cases, the constitutional implications of the Covid-19 pandemic and a dedicated chapter on the consequences of Brexit.
An Introduction to Groups and their Matrices for Science Students
Authors: Kolenkow Robert
Published: May 2022

Group theory, originating from algebraic structures in mathematics, has long been a powerful tool in many areas of physics, chemistry and other applied sciences, but it has seldom been covered in a manner accessible to undergraduates. This book from renowned educator Robert Kolenkow introduces group theory and its applications starting with simple ideas of symmetry, through quantum numbers, and working up to particle physics. It features clear explanations, accompanying problems and exercises, and numerous worked examples from experimental research in the physical sciences. Beginning with key concepts and necessary theorems, topics are introduced systematically including: molecular vibrations and lattice symmetries; matrix mechanics; wave mechanics; rotation and quantum angular momentum; atomic structure; and finally particle physics. This comprehensive primer on group theory is ideal for advanced undergraduate topics courses, reading groups, or self-study, and it will help prepare graduate students for higher-level courses.
Changing the face of academic medicine: an equity action plan for institutions
Authors: Enders Felicity T. , Golembiewski Elizabeth H. , Orellana Minerva A. , DSouza Karen N. , Addani Mohamed A. , Morrison Eleshia J. , Benson Joanne T. , Silvano Carmen J. , Pacheco-Spann Laura M. , Balls-Berry Joyce E.
Published: May 2022

In recent years, there have been concerted efforts to better recruit, support, and retain diverse faculty, staff, and trainees in academic medicine. However, many institutions lack comprehensive and strategic plans to provide support to retain and recruit individuals from historically underrepresented groups. In this article, we itemize specific mechanisms through which institutions can support diverse individuals with the goal of improving inclusion and belonging in the workforce to better reflect the diversity of the intended patient and research participant population.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Physical Illness, and Social Adjustment Among Disaster Victims
Authors: Trabsa Amira , Lee Nabin , Lee Jung Hyun
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Posttraumatic stress disorder is one of the most studied outcomes after a disaster. Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are maladaptive and disabling and can severely impair affected individuals’ psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Consequently, the objective of this research is to investigate the prevalence of PTSS and physical illness among disaster victims.

Methods:

We analyzed disaster victims’ survey data in South Korea 1 year after a natural disaster (n = 1659). Then, we performed multivariable comparisons of social and work adjustments between individuals with PTSS and individuals with physical illness to examine the association between PTSS and functional impairment.

Results:

Individuals with PTSS had a significant association with work and social maladjustments whether or not they had a physical illness; PTSS (+) physical illness (-) group (OR: 1.18, CI: 1.12–1.26, P < 0.001) and PTSS (+) physical illness (+) group (OR: 1.16, CI: 1.08–1.23, P < 0.001). Interestingly, this association was not significant in the group that exclusively presented physical illness.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that PTSS might be a critical factor in social maladjustment during the post-disaster period. Subsequently, an assessment of disaster victims’ PTSS would help ensure effective medical and governmental approaches to assist disaster victims.
A laboratory study of internal gravity waves incident upon slopes with varying surface roughness
Authors: He Yu-Hao , Cheng Bu-Ying-Chao , Xia Ke-Qing
Published: May 2022

We report a laboratory study on the scattering, energy dissipation and mean flow induced by internal gravity waves incident upon slopes with varying surface roughness. The experiment was performed in a rectangular box filled with thermally stratified water. The roughness of the slope surface,

$\lambda$

, defined as the height of a roughness element over its base width, and the off-criticality

$\gamma =(\alpha -\beta )/\beta$

, with

$\alpha$

and

$\beta$

being the angles of the incident wave and the slope, are used as two control parameters. The distribution of energy dissipation in the direction normal to the slope is found to be more uniform in the rough surface cases. Counter-intuitively, both the maximum value in the dissipation profile and the total energy dissipation near the slope are reduced by surface roughness under most circumstances. The measured peak width (the full width at half-maximum of the peaks) of the dissipation profile is found to be broadened significantly in the rough surface cases. We also observed that there exists a non-zero optimal off-criticality (

$\gamma =0.17$

for the present measurement resolution) for the normalized average dissipation and total dissipation, which may be due to the strongest wave energy near the slope at this

$\gamma$

. Unlike surface roughness, the off-criticality has a small effect on the distribution of energy dissipation. Moreover, surface roughness is also found to change the structure of the scattering-induced mean flow and enhance its strength. The present study provides new perspectives on how the surface roughness on topographic features influences energy dissipation.
MODEL THEORY AND PROOF THEORY OF THE GLOBAL REFLECTION PRINCIPLE
Authors: ŁEŁYK MATEUSZ ZBIGNIEW
Published: May 2022

The current paper studies the formal properties of the Global Reflection Principle, to wit the assertion “All theorems of$\mathrm {Th}$are true,” where$\mathrm {Th}$is a theory in the language of arithmetic and the truth predicate satisfies the usual Tarskian inductive conditions for formulae in the language of arithmetic. We fix the gap in Kotlarski’s proof from [15], showing that the Global Reflection Principle for Peano Arithmetic is provable in the theory of compositional truth with bounded induction only ($\mathrm {CT}_0$). Furthermore, we extend the above result showing that$\Sigma _1$-uniform reflection over a theory of uniform Tarski biconditionals ($\mathrm {UTB}^-$) is provable in$\mathrm {CT}_0$, thus answering the question of Beklemishev and Pakhomov [2]. Finally, we introduce the notion of a prolongable satisfaction class and use it to study the structure of models of$\mathrm {CT}_0$. In particular, we provide a new model-theoretical characterization of theories of finite iterations of uniform reflection and present a new proof characterizing the arithmetical consequences of$\mathrm {CT}_0$.
Nationalism and Media
Authors: Skey Michael
Published: May 2022

The study of media nationalism has had a curious history. Some of the “classic” studies of nationalism have placed the media at the heart of their work but say very little about media theory or research. More recently, studies of populism and nationalist parties have talked quite a lot about the impact of digital technologies but have very little to say about nationalism. This piece first provides a brief overview of some of these classic studies before noting how insights from the study of media, and in particular audiences, began to filter through to nationalism research in the 1990s and early 2000s. It then addresses both the discursive and digital turns that influenced wider debates around the relationship between media and nationalism over the past decade or so, before outlining the limitations of such work and possible avenues for future research.
Network classification-based structural analysis of real networks and their model-generated counterparts
Authors: Nagy Marcell , Molontay Roland
Published: May 2022

Data-driven analysis of complex networks has been in the focus of research for decades. An important area of research is to study how well real networks can be described with a small selection of metrics, furthermore how well network models can capture the relations between graph metrics observed in real networks. In this paper, we apply machine-learning techniques to investigate the aforementioned problems. We study 500 real-world networks along with 2000 synthetic networks generated by four frequently used network models with previously calibrated parameters to make the generated graphs as similar to the real networks as possible. This paper unifies several branches of data-driven complex network analysis, such as the study of graph metrics and their pair-wise relationships, network similarity estimation, model calibration, and graph classification. We find that the correlation profiles of the structural measures significantly differ across network domains and the domain can be efficiently determined using a small selection of graph metrics. The structural properties of the network models with fixed parameters are robust enough to perform parameter calibration. The goodness-of-fit of the network models highly depends on the network domain. By solving classification problems, we find that the models lack the capability of generating a graph with a high clustering coefficient and relatively large diameter simultaneously. On the other hand, models are able to capture exactly the degree-distribution-related metrics.
Conservation and cultural intersections within Hong Kong's snake soup industry
Authors: Landry Yuan Félix , Yeung Chung Tai , Prigge Tracey-Leigh , Dufour Pauline C. , Sung Yik-Hei , Dingle Caroline , Bonebrake Timothy C.
Published: May 2022

Snake soup continues to be an iconic tradition in Cantonese culture. Yet little is known about the relationship between snake soup consumption in Hong Kong, wild snake populations, and the communities depending on this tradition for their livelihoods. We applied an interdisciplinary approach including interviews with shopkeepers and genetic analyses of snake meat samples to determine the species consumed in Hong Kong, their source locations, and shopkeepers’ views on the future of the industry. We genetically identified the common rat snake Ptyas mucosa, widely distributed throughout East and Southeast Asia, and the Javan spitting cobra Naja sputatrix, endemic to Indonesia, as the species most commonly consumed, which was consistent with interview responses. According to interviews, snakes had mostly been imported from mainland China in the past, but now tend to be sourced from Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia. Interviews also revealed a pessimistic outlook on the continuation of this tradition because of various factors, including a lasting yet misinformed association of snakes with the 2002–2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Given the COVID-19 pandemic and China's ensuing ban on the consumption of terrestrial wildlife, Hong Kong's snake soup industry will probably continue to rely on Southeast Asian sources to persist. Given the cultural and conservation issues surrounding this tradition, further research on the economic, ecological and social consequences of snake consumption is needed to examine the broader implications of snake soup and similar industries in the region.
Extraordinary high level of propagation of Babesia divergens in severe human babesiosis
Authors: Kukina Irina V. , Zelya Olga P.
Published: May 2022

Babesias are obligate apicomplexan parasites that affect the red blood cells (RBCs) of animals. Humans can serve as accidental hosts for them. Asexual reproduction of a parasite occurs in a vertebrate host through asynchronous binary fission, yielding a complex pleomorphic population of intraerythrocytic forms. In natural hosts (Bos taurus), paired pyriforms (‘figure 8’) of Babesia divergens are usual, but tetrads (‘Maltese Cross’) are very rare (only in 0.02% infected erythrocytes); in humans, however, up to 5% of infected erythrocytes show tetrads. The current study shows that B. divergens proliferating in an accidental human host can promote extraordinarily high level of fission. This phenomenon is expressed as the simultaneous division of the parasite into 6 and possibly a greater number of merozoites, forming a ‘daisy head’ (vs the usual 2, less often 4 merozoites). Reproduction is possible without egressing merozoites from the erythrocyte, which results in multi-occupancy of an RBC (≥5 parasites per RBC). An unusually high polyparasitism – up to 14 parasites developed in the affected erythrocytes – was observed. This phenomenon is rare in natural hosts (usually ≤5), but when B. divergens is cultured in vitro it can be 10–12.
ROAD TRIPS, RAIL JOURNEYS AND LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY: RECONSTRUCTING RESEARCH ITINERARIES AND TRAVEL EXCURSIONS IN ITALY THROUGH THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME'S PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLECTIONS
Authors: Wade Janet , Giovenco Alessandra
Published: May 2022

This article highlights the importance of photography for landscape archaeology and topographical studies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and explores the value of photographic collections for the reconstruction of research itineraries and reconnaissance excursions in this period. Photographs held at the British School at Rome are utilized to demonstrate the ways in which collections of images can be used to retrace and chronicle the historical paths and itineraries of early researchers in Italy. Several journeys involving pioneers in both topographical studies and the use of photography for landscape archaeology in Italy are discussed. The photographs taken by amateur photographers on these excursions are important visual records of the Italian countryside and its monuments. These images are cultural artefacts themselves and they demonstrate what was still accessible to scholars and archaeologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The historical paths and itineraries of these trailblazers, and the visual and textual records they produced, are now an integral part of the history of topographical studies, landscape archaeology and the Roman roads and countryside of Italy. Through photographs, this article retraces the paths of several of these pioneers and brings their historical journeys to life.