bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF THE COMBINED METHOD OF PHOTO REGISTRATION IN LIDAR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS ON THE PRIMARY MIRROR OF THE SIBERIAN LIDAR STATION
Authors: БОБРОВНИКОВ С.М. , ЖАРКОВ В.И. , ЗАЙЦЕВ Н.Г. , ТРИФОНОВ Д.А.
Published: September 2024

Подробно описан метод параллельной регистрации лидарных сигналов - в режиме счета фотонов и режиме накопления заряда - на Сибирской лидарной станции (СЛС) Института оптики атмосферы им. В.Е. Зуева СО РАН. Изготовлен и экспериментально апробирован прибор, реализующий комбинированный метод регистрации лидарных сигналов на уникальном лидаре СЛС. В ходе экспериментальной апробации прибора определены допустимые пределы применения предложенного метода для регулярных измерений вертикального распределения температуры атмосферы на основе лидарных сигналов чисто вращательных спектров спонтанного комбинационного рассеяния (СКР). Сравнение результатов лидарных и спутниковых измерений показывает их хорошее согласие, что доказывает высокую эффективность применения комбинации режимов регистрации и подтверждает возможность получать вертикальное распределение температуры атмосферы с доверительным интервалом (погрешность измерений) 2-4° во всем диапазоне высот работы СКР-лидара СЛС на базе главного зеркала.

A technique for parallel registration of lidar signals in photon counting and charge accumulation modes at the Siberian lidar station of Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (SLS) is described in detail. A device is designed and experimentally tested for recording lidar signals with the use of the combined technique at the unique SLS lidar. During the experimental testing of the device, the limits of applicability of the technique suggested to regular measurements of the vertical distribution of air temperature based on lidar signals of purely rotational Raman spectra are determined. The comparison between the lidar and satellite measurements shows their good agreement, which proves the high efficiency of the combined technique and confirms the capability of deriving the vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature throughout the altitude range of the primary mirror of the Raman lidar of SLS.
UNDERWATER SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE OF FRESHWATER RESERVOIRS
Authors: СУТОРИХИН И.А. , ФРОЛЕНКОВ И.М. , ЛИТВИНЕНКО С.А. , СОЛОВЬЕВ В.А.
Published: September 2024

Приводятся результаты измерения спектральной подводной освещенности на различных глубинах в разнотипных внутриконтинентальных пресноводных озерах, включая Камгинский залив оз. Телецкое. Эксперименты проводились в летний и осенний периоды 2018 г. Приведены и описаны характеристики макета созданного устройства для определения спектральной подводной освещенности. В качестве световых селективных элементов использовались интерференционные светофильтры с максимумами пропускания в разных частях видимой области спектра на длинах волн 303, 361, 590 и 656 нм. Обнаружено, что большое количество гниющей на берегах и подтопленной в пелагиали залива Камга хвойной и лиственной древесины, выделяющей фенольные соединения, вызывает значительное ослабление света в поверхностом слое воды на длине волны 361 нм. Показано, что спектральная подводная освещенность существенно зависит от биомассы озерного фитопланктона.

The results of measurement of underwater spectral irradiance at various depths in different types of intracontinental freshwater lakes, including the Kamginsky Bay of Lake Teletskoye, are presented. The measurements were carried out in summer and autumn 2018. The device for measuring the underwater spectral irradiance is described. Interference light filters with transmission maxima in different parts of the visible spectrum at wavelengths of 303, 361, 590, and 656 nm were used as light selective elements. An abnormally high absorption of light at a wavelength of 361 nm was detected in the pelagial of the Kamga Bay (territory of the Altai State Natural Biosphere Reserve), which is explained by the large amount of coniferous and deciduous wood rotting on the shores and flooded in the pelagial of the Bay and releasing phenolic compounds. The found dependence of the underwater spectral irradiance on depth is presented in the tabular form. It is shown that the underwater spectral irradiance significantly depends on the biomass of lake phytoplankton.
DYNAMICS OF MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE PYROLYSIS SMOKE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF INVERSION OF AEROSOL SCATTERING AND EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS IN THE BIG AEROSOL CHAMBER OF IAO SB RAS
Authors: ВЕРЕТЕННИКОВ В.В. , УЖЕГОВ В.Н. , ШМАРГУНОВ В.П.
Published: September 2024

Исследована временная изменчивость микрофизических параметров пиролизного дыма, восстановленных при обращении характеристик аэрозольного рассеяния и ослабления. В дымовом аэрозоле, полученном в результате термического разложения древесины сосны в режиме низкотемпературного пиролиза в Большой аэрозольной камере ИОА СО РАН, проведены измерения поляризационных индикатрис рассеяния и спектральных коэффициентов ослабления. С помощью разработанного алгоритма обращения данных оптических измерений восстановлены микроструктура и комплексный показатель преломления пиролизного дыма. В качестве анализируемых параметров микроструктуры рассматривались объемная концентрация и средний радиус частиц с разделением на субмикронную и грубодисперсную фракции. Исследована временная изменчивость микрофизических параметров дымового аэрозоля в течение 65 ч. Установлено, что вещественная часть показателя преломления находится в окрестности n = 1,55, мнимая часть заключена в интервале 0,007 < k < 0,009. Средний радиус субмикронных частиц изменяется в узком диапазоне 0,137-0,146 мкм. В процессе старения дыма средний радиус частиц суммарного ансамбля монотонно возрастал от 0,19 до 0,6 мкм преимущественно за счет относительного увеличения содержания грубодисперсного аэрозоля. Данные о комплексном показателе преломления и размерах дымовых частиц важны для оценки радиационного форсинга аэрозоля, совершенствования климатических моделей и алгоритмов оптического дистанционного зондирования.

Measurements of polarization scattering phase functions and spectral extinction coefficients were carried out in smoke aerosols formed as a result of thermal decomposition of pine wood in the mode of low-temperature pyrolysis in the Big Aerosol Chamber (BAC) of IAO SB RAS. Using the developed algorithm for inverting optical measurements, the microstructure and complex refractive index of pyrolysis smoke are retrieved. The volume concentration and the mean radius of particles are analyzed microstructure parameters, with division into fine and coarse fractions. The temporal variability of the microphysical parameters of smoke aerosol is studied for 65 hours. It has been established that the real part of the refractive index is in the vicinity of n = 1.55, and the imaginary part is in the range 0.007 < k < 0.009. The mean radius of fine particles varies in the narrow range 0.137-0.146 mm. During smoke aging, the mean particle radius of the total ensemble monotonically increased from 0.19 to 0.6 mm, mainly due to a relative increase in the content of coarse aerosol. Results of this work are important for estimation of the radiative forcing of aerosol, improvement of climate models and algorithms of remote optical sounding.
AIR COMPOSITION OVER THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC. 3 - TRACE GASES
Authors: АНТОХИНА О.Ю. , АНТОХИН П.Н. , АРШИНОВА В.Г. , АРШИНОВ М.Ю. , ANCELLET G. , БЕЛАН Б.Д. , БЕЛАН С.Б. , ДАВЫДОВ Д.К. , ИВЛЕВ Г.А. , КОЗЛОВ А.В. , LAW K. , NÉDÉLEC P. , РАССКАЗЧИКОВА Т.М. , PARIS J.D. , САВКИН Д.Е. , СИМОНЕНКОВ Д.В. , СКЛЯДНЕВА Т.К. , ТОЛМАЧЕВ Г.Н. , ФОФОНОВ А.В.
Published: September 2024

Настоящая статья продолжает цикл исследований состава воздуха над морями Российского сектора Арктики в сентябре 2020 г. Анализируется пространственное распределение следующих малых газовых составляющих: оксида углерода (СО), озона (О3), оксида и диоксида азота (NO, NO2) и диоксида серы (SO2). Показано, что концентрация О3 изменялась в приводном слое (высота 200 м) в диапазоне 18-36 млрд-1, СО - 60-130 млрд-1, NO - 0,005-0,12 млрд-1, NO2 - 0,10-1,00 млрд-1 и SO2 - 0,06-0,80 млрд-1. Над акваториями большинства морей распределение газов по площади было неоднородным, что, скорее всего, обусловливается различиями в поглощении их океаном и особенностями переноса с континента.

Based on the results of a comprehensive experiment conducted in September 2020, the spatial distribution of the following trace gases over the seas of the Russian Arctic are analyzed: carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide and dioxide (NO and NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). It is shown that the gas concentrations in the surface air layer over the seas (at a height of 200 m) vary in the range 18-36 ppb for O3, 60-130 ppb for CO, 0.005-0.12 ppb for NO, 0.10-1.00 ppb for NO2, and 0.06-0.80 ppb for SO2. Over most seas, the distribution of the gases across the water area is heterogeneous, which most likely reflects differences in their uptake by the ocean and peculiarities of transport from the continent.
STRUCTURE AND СHARACTERISTICS OF A СB DURING LIGHTNING FORMATION
Authors: СИНЬКЕВИЧ А.А. , ТАРАБУКИН И.А. , ТОРОПОВА М.Л. , МИХАЙЛОВСКИЙ Ю.П. , ВЕРЕМЕЙ Н.Е. , КУРОВ А.Б. , ЮСУПОВ И.Е. , БОЧАРНИКОВ Н.В. , ЛЯЛЮШКИН А.С. , СОЛОНИН А.С. , СТАРЫХ Д.С.
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты исследования одиночного грозового облака, которое развивалось в ночное время вблизи побережья Финского залива. С использованием трех метеорологических радиолокаторов, двух грозопеленгационных систем и трехмерной численной модели изучены физические процессы, которые обусловили его электризацию. Показано, что первая молния возникла в период, когда в верхней части облака имелась небольшая область, содержащая частицы крупы. Важнейшую роль в формировании этой области и микроструктуры облака оказали восходящие потоки, что показано как по данным радиолокационных наблюдений, так и численного моделирования. Дальнейшее усиление грозовой деятельности было связано с увеличением объема облака с крупой и градом. Анализ величины заряда отдельных облачных фракций по результатам численного моделирования показал, что градины являлись основными носителями отрицательного заряда.

The article studies a single thundercloud that developed at night near the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Using three meteorological radars, two lightning detection systems, and a 3D numerical model, the physical processes that caused its electrification are analyzed. It is shown that the first lightning occurred during the period when there was a small area containing graupel particles in the upper part of the cloud. Updrafts played an important role in the formation of this area and the microstructure of the cloud, as shown both by radar observations and numerical simulation. Further intensification of thunderstorm activity is associated with an increase in the cloud volume with graupel and hail. Analysis of the charge values of individual cloud fractions based on the results of numerical simulation showed that hailstones are the main carriers of the negative charge.
EFFECT OF RELATIVE AIR HUMIDITY ON THE PROPERTIES OF DIFFUSE PLASMA JETS
Authors: ВИНОГРАДОВ Н.П. , ТАРАСЕНКО В.Ф.
Published: September 2024

Исследовано влияние относительной влажности воздуха на свойства плазменных диффузных струй (ПДС), инициируемых емкостным разрядом при давлении 0,03-1 торр, которые являются аналогами столбчатых спрайтов. Для этого ПДС фотографировались при различных давлениях, а также регистрировались спектры излучения в УФ-, видимой и ИК-областях. Показано, что снижение относительной влажности воздуха при давлении менее 0,1 торр способствует сохранению красного цвета ПДС. Оценка среднего количества красных и синих пикселей на фотографиях подтверждает данный результат. Установлено, что увеличение приведенной напряженности электрического поля вызывает изменение цвета и спектра ПДС за счет роста интенсивности излучения полос первой отрицательной системы азота.

The paper is devoted to the study of the effect of relative air humidity on the color of diffuse plasma jets (DPJs) initiated by a capacitive discharge at pressures of 0.03-1 torr, which are analogues of columnar sprites. Photographs and emission spectra of DPJs are given, as well as a photograph of a sprite. The results of the study showed that a decrease in the relative air humidity at pressures less than 0.1 torr contributes to the preservation of the red color of DPJs. Quantifying the average number of red and blue pixels in the photographs confirms this result. It has been established that an increase in the reduced electric field leads to a change in the color and spectrum of the periodic domain structure due to an increase in the intensity of the emission of the bands of the first negative nitrogen system.
ANALYSIS OF MIXING RATIOS OF GREENHOUSE CARBON-CONTAINING GASES AT THE ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING STATION OF ST. PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: ФОКА С.Ч. , МАКАРОВА М.В. , ПОБЕРОВСКИЙ А.В. , ИОНОВ Д.В. , АБАКУМОВ Е.В.
Published: September 2024

С целью исследования временных вариаций концентраций углеродсодержащих газов, а также выявления влияющих на них факторов был проведен анализ локальных измерений концентраций СО2, СН4 (январь 2013 г. - январь 2020 г.) и СО (январь 2013 г. - январь 2019 г.) в атмосферном воздухе на станции мониторинга СПбГУ. В анализе учитывались тренд и сезонные осцилляции. Линейные тренды СО2, СН4 и СО, которые составили 2,42 ppm/год (0,60%); 8,6 ppb/год (0,49%); -3,8 ppb/год (-2,2%) соответственно, хорошо согласуются с независимыми оценками как глобальных/фоновых изменений, так и изменений на урбанизированных территориях. Анализ эмиссионного соотношения СО/СО2 подтвердил, что доминирующим антропогенным источником, влияющим на состав атмосферного воздуха в районе станции мониторинга СПбГУ, является автотранспорт. Результаты, представленные в работе, могут быть использованы для валидации атмосферных моделей, а также для независимых оценок потоков парниковых газов.

In order to study temporal variations in the mixing ratios of greenhouse carbon-containing gases and factors influencing them, local measurements of CO2, CH4 (January 2013 - January 2020), and CO (January 2013 - January 2019) mixing ratios in atmospheric air at the St. Petersburg State University station are analyzed. For this analysis, the trend and seasonal oscillations are taken into account. Linear trends for CO2, CH4, and CO, which are 2.42 ppm/year (0.60%), 8.6 ppb/year (0.49%), and -3.8 ppb/year (-2.2%), respectively, are in a good agreement with independent estimates for both global/background changes and changes in urban area. The analysis of the CO/CO2 emission ratio confirmed that motor vehicles are the dominant anthropogenic source affecting the composition of atmospheric air in the area of the St. Petersburg State University monitoring station. The results presented in this work can be used for validation of atmospheric models, as well as for independent estimations of greenhouse gas fluxes.
SENSITIVITY OF THE ANTARCTIC POLAR VORTEX TO TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN THE LOWER SUBTROPICAL STRATOSPHERE
Authors: ЗУЕВ В.В. , МАСЛЕННИКОВА Э.А. , САВЕЛЬЕВА Е.С. , ПАВЛИНСКИЙ А.В.
Published: September 2024

Полярные вихри играют существенную роль в распределении стратосферного озона, движении воздушных масс в полярной и субполярной стратосфере и температурном режиме над полярной областью. Антарктический полярный вихрь формируется осенью, достигая пика своей устойчивости в начале весны. Поздней весной, когда он ослабевает, усиливается влияние на него нижней субтропической стратосферы. В данной работе рассмотрена роль изменений температуры нижней субтропической стратосферы в усилении антарктического полярного вихря. С помощью корреляционного анализа на основе данных реанализа ERA5 выявлено существенное увеличение влияния незначительных изменений температуры нижней субтропической стратосферы на динамику антарктического полярного вихря во второй половине ноября.

The polar vortices play a significant role in the distribution of stratospheric ozone, the movement of air masses in the polar and subpolar stratosphere, and temperature changes over the polar region. The Antarctic polar vortex forms in autumn and reaches its peak intensity in early spring. In late spring, when this vortex weakens, the influence of the lower subtropical stratosphere increases. We consider the effect of temperature changes in the lower subtropical stratosphere on the Antarctic polar vortex strengthening. Using correlation analysis and ARA5 reanalysis data, we show a significant increase in the effect of minor temperature changes in the lower subtropical stratosphere on the Antarctic polar vortex dynamics in the second half of November.
MEASUREMENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS ON EXTENDED PATHS. III. EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF THE ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM PROTOTYPE
Authors: БОЛЬБАСОВА Л.А. , БОРЗИЛОВ А.Г. , КАЗАКОВ Д.В. , ЛУКИН В.П. , СОИН Е.Л.
Published: September 2024

Настоящая работа продолжает цикл экспериментальных исследований флуктуаций параметров оптических волн на протяженных трассах. Изучаются возможности применения системы адаптивной оптики для фокусировки лазерного излучения на протяженных трассах в атмосфере. Представлена и описана система адаптивной оптики, входящей в состав гибридной системы, обеспечивающей фокусировку лазерного пучка излучения на протяженной атмосферной трассе. Система фокусировки на основе датчика волнового фронта Шэка-Гартмана, деформируемого управляемого зеркала и корректора наклонов волнового фронта реализует алгоритм фазового сопряжения по сигналу от точечного опорного источника. Полученные результаты показывают как возможности, так и ограничения для эффективной работы системы на протяженной турбулентной трассе.

This work continues the series of experimental studies of fluctuations of the parameters of optical waves along extended paths. In this part, we study possibilities of using an adaptive optics system for focusing laser radiation along long paths in the atmosphere. The adaptive optics system is described, which is part of a hybrid system that provides focusing of a laser radiation beam along an extended atmospheric path. A focusing system, which uses a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a deformable controllable mirror, and a wavefront tilt corrector implements a phase conjugation algorithm based on a signal from a point reference source. To accompany the experiment, optical and acoustic meters of the level of turbulence and wind speed were used. The results show both opportunities and limitations for the efficient operation of the system on a long turbulent path.
PULSED CO2 LASER PUMPED BY A LONGITUDINAL DISCHARGE IN AN ALTERNATING MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: LI H. , КОНОВАЛОВ И.Н. , ПАНЧЕНКО Ю.Н. , ПУЧИКИН А.В. , АНДРЕЕВ М.В. , БОБРОВНИКОВ С.М.
Published: September 2024

Предложен и реализован оригинальный способ накачки импульсного CO2-лазера продольным разрядом в переменном магнитном поле. На основе предложенного метода разработан малогабаритный CO2-лазер с длиной активной среды ~ 200 мм, энергией в импульсе ~ 30 мДж и КПД 3,4%. Выявлено, что основной причиной, ограничивающей энергию генерации малогабаритных лазеров, является развитие токовых неустойчивостей в продольном разряде по сечению разрядной трубки. Отмечается, что рост неустойчивостей ускоряется с ростом давления газовой смеси СО2 : N2 : H2 : He выше 0,1 атм и удельной мощности накачки выше 3 МВт/см3. Использование внешнего переменного магнитного поля, наложенного на импульсный продольный разряд, позволяет повысить общее давление газовой смеси в лазере до 0,4 атм, при сохранении горения объемного разряда.

An original technique for pumping a pulsed CO2 laser with a longitudinal discharge in an alternating magnetic field is proposed and implemented. Based on this technique proposed technique, a small CO2 laser with an active medium length of ~ 200 mm, a pulse energy of ~ 30 mJ, and an efficiency of 3.4% is designed. It is revealed that the main factor which limits the generation energy of small lasers is the development of current instabilities in a longitudinal discharge across a cross section of the discharge tube. It is noted that the growth of instabilities accelerates with increasing pressure of a CO2 : N2 : H2 : He gas mixture to more than 0.1 atm and the specific pump power to more than 3 MW/cm3. The use of an external alternating magnetic field superimposed on a pulsed longitudinal discharge makes it possible to increase the total pressure of the gas mixture in the laser to 0.4 atm while maintaining the combustion of the volume discharge.
THE POETICS OF UTOPIA IN THE WORKS OF A. V. CHAYANOV
Authors: Mikhalenko Natalya
Published: September 2024

The futurological model presented in “My brother Alexei’s Journey to the Land of Peasant Utopia” by A. V. Chayanov (under the name of Iv. Kremnev) is focused on preserving and reviving the traditions of the times past, which are harmoniously integrated into a new way of life. The utopian worldview is very eclectic: along with manual agricultural labor, there are the latest inventions: meteorophores and aircraft, atmospheric precipitation is controlled. Art as a philosophical imperative defines all aspects of society. The leaders of the state, rely on the achievements of eugenics, striving to maximize the realization of each person’s talent, education is based on the principles of harmonious personal development: utopia’s residents not only master a specialty, but must know the history of art, play sports, which should also serve to reveal their abilities. The ideal is formed by both the ancient culture and manor pastime, where a person works in close contact with nature, spending leisure time in literary or musical pursuits. Knowledge of history and art is considered fundamental here: even cooking and entertainment are focused on preserving the memory of the past. Many of the ideas on which utopia is based are Chayanov’s ideas about the proper structure of education, its cultural and art history components, pedagogical and methodological principles, and the formation of a versatile and multifaceted scientist. But in a way, it is also an answer to the disputes of the late 19th — early 20th centuries about the role of man as a theurgist, the limits of his capabilities and power.
RUSSIAN LITERARY ESTATE: A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE
Authors: Bogdanova Olga
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the article is to identify and characterize promising vectors of development of the Russian literary estate in the first quarter of the 21st century, in connection with which the works on the “estate” theme of T. N. Tolstaya, Yu. V. Mamleev, V. G. Sorokin, A. P. Potemkin, E. G. Vodolazkin, G. Sh. Yakhina, A. I. Slapovsky, M. L. Stepnova, V. O. Pelevin, etc. are examined in a wide cultural context. The article demonstrates that the new quality of the estate text, in comparison with the classics of the 19th — early 20th century, arises in Soviet literature and continues in the post-Soviet times. The main categories for the development of a modern literary estate are estate heterotopia, estate habitus, dacha myth, crypto-estate mythology and estateness, as well as new modifications of the estate topos: garden-city, a window into transcendent meanings and the Euro-Asian phenomenon. However, the most significant factor in the future of the literary estate in the 21st century is the “civilizational approach,” drawn from historical science. The interdisciplinary phenomenon of the Russian estate is understood within its framework, on the one hand, as one of the manifestations of the universal archetype of world history since the Biblical times, on the other — as an important element of Russia’s national cultural code from antiquity to the present day. It is the “civilizational approach” that connects the futurology of the Russian estate with the “great historical time” and takes its history beyond the imperial period of the 18th — early 20th century, which previously delineated its existence. Thanks to him, the signs of Moscow Russia of the 16th–17th centuries in a number of “estate” texts by modern authors can be perceived as a trend, rather than a curiosity. The relevance of the article lies in the desire to elaborate the paths of Russia’s civilizational identity. Its scientific novelty is in the first comprehensively presented system of categories of poetics for the study of the literary estate of the present and future. The conclusions of the article are obtained with regard to the research context on the issues raised and call for further discussion.
“The Struggle of the Worlds”: the Representation of the Future War in the Soviet Science Fiction of the 1930s
Authors: Nikolaev Dmitry
Published: September 2024

In pre-revolutionary fiction, the struggle of the worlds was perceived mainly as a clash between earthlings and an extraterrestrial civilization. After the emergence of the Soviet state, the struggle between the Bolshevik and antiBolshevik worlds became one of the key themes in fiction. By the early 1930s, the formula “struggle of the worlds” existed in Russian literature both as fantastic and non-fantastic, reflecting a real social confrontation. However, the idea of a world revolution as the goal and result of the struggle of the worlds is actually eliminated from science fiction. The social struggle, which can transform into an interstate conflict, by the end of the 1930s turns into a war of the worlds, where the military clash between the USSR and a hostile state is the decisive factor. The changes taking place in the international arena led to the fact that in science fiction, too, England and France are replaced by Germany, Italy and Japan as the main opponents. In the war of the future the victory is determined not by heroism and national unity, but also by military and technical superiority. Along with the apparently fantastic weapons possessed by both the USSR and the enemies in the future, the writers described technical achievements, whose fantastic nature is not always noticeable even to a non-specialist contemporary, since some weapons that were fantastic in the late 1930s already became a reality during the Great Patriotic War. One of the distinctive features of the works of 1938–1939 about the future war is the minimal differentiation between the fantastic and non-fantastic. On the one hand, there is no war yet, on the other hand, the distance between the future and the present is practically absent, and the “effect of the future” is leveled due to image of reality that maximally corresponds to the present. This artistic technique helps to convey to the reader the confidence that victory is the logical conclusion of the present, and not a fantasy.
ESCHATOLOGICAL MOTIFS IN THE SHORT NOVEL “DEFINITELY MAYBE” BY A. AND B. STRUGATSKY
Authors: Abramova Oksana , Sukhotskaya Jolanta
Published: September 2024

The article presents an analysis of eschatological motifs in Arkady and Boris Strugatsky’s short novel “Definitely Maybe” (“One Billion Years to the End of the World”) (1976), in particular, it describes the development of the motifs of the Last Judgment, the end of the world and the fate of the universe in the original idea of the story as reflected in the author’s sketches and in the final text. The motif of the Last Judgment underwent a strong change in the text of the story and was realized in the form of self-judgment of the scientists, who are the heroes of the story. They condemn themselves to a future in which their scientific potential will not be fully realized. The motif of the end of the world is stated in the title and the main conflict of the story, which entails the heroes’ confrontation with the force that prevents scientific discoveries that could lead to the end of the world. Most scientists try to make sense of what is happening by appealing to folklore, religious experience, or ideas about extraterrestrial civilization. The fate of the universe is closely connected with the phenomenon of the Homeostatic Universe, which influences the lives of the characters in the story not directly, but implicitly, through everyday phenomena, which by the story’s finale add up to an insurmountable obstacle for most scientists. The eschatological motifs of the Strugatsky brothers were formed under th
15-lipoxygenase and serine protease inhibitory activities of Heritiera fomes (buch. -ham), a mangrove plant of the Sundarbans
Authors: Islam Md. Emdadul , Islam Kazi Didarul , Billah Md. Morsaline , Shilpi Jamil Ahmad , Mia Mijan , Biswas Rana , Rahman SM Mahbubur
Published: September 2024

15-Lipoxygenase (15-Lox) oxidizes fatty acid, thereby producing inflammatory mediators which cause diverse inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, asthma, cancer etc. Serine proteases are enzymes that activate tissue factor VII by proteolytic cleavage, eventually activating blood coagulation pathway. Antioxidants play role in 15-Lox and serine protease inhibition to dampen elevation of cytokine levels, thereby function as anti-inflammation and anticoagulation agent. In this study, we examined 15-Lox and serine protease inhibitory activities of the ethanolic bark and leaf crude extract of Heritiera fomes. The crude bark extract (HFB) exhibited 15-Lox and serine protease inhibition with IC50 117.14 and 409.61 μg/ml, respectively. Chromatographically separated active fraction HFBPF1 demonstrated highest 15-Lox and serine protease inhibitory activity with IC50 62.68 and 72.62 μg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content were substantially increased in the chromatographic fractions compared to the crude extracts. The LC-MS/MS analysis of bark and leaf active fractions revealed the presence of 2,4,6-octatrienal, apigenin 7 (4˝-Z-p-coumerylglucoside), brosimacutin B, gambrin B2, kandelin A1 and tetraneurin A which we report for the first time in H. fomes. Therefore, we conclude the significant augmentation in the 15-Lox and serine protease inhibition activity of the fractions which could be exerted by the enriched flavonoid content.
Hydroxyapatite bone cement: an in-depth analysis of the process, recent developments, and future considerations
Authors: Tawil Bill , Bee-Ling Lim
Published: September 2024

Bone cements are used for numerous orthopedic surgeries and other medical procedures. These cements help hold implants in place and provide structural integrity and fill void spaces to enhance the success of implant operations. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most used types of bone cement with global sales in the hundreds of millions of dollars and a strong expected growth over the next decade as new clinical uses for bone cement are pursued and the products themselves are further developed to mitigate drawbacks to its use.
Semi-natural agroecosystems. challenge of the functional redesign of biodiversity during the agroecological transition towards sustainable food
Authors: Vázquez Luis L
Published: September 2024

Various documents show that the design and management of agroecosystems, according to the principles of agroecology and the functions of biodiversity, facilitates the transition to sustainable food. Experiences in the participation of projects advised and facilitated in family farming systems allowed us to consider that humans, who for many years have been consumers of a few agricultural products, integrate agricultural fruits that have developed in semi-natural agroecosystems into their diet. This article discusses that sustainable food should integrate semi-natural foods, as a complement to the diet, due to their importance in digestion, nutrition and immunity to certain diseases.
Peri-apical granuloma presenting as a chronic cystic swelling in the hard palate: a case report
Authors: Pandey Apoorva Kumar , Anjum Fatma , Ahmed Saqib , Bhardwaj Aparna
Published: September 2024

A periapical granuloma, also known as a radicular or apical granuloma, is an inflammatory condition at the tip of a nonvital (dead) tooth. This lesion, which often begins as an epithelial-lined cyst, develops into granulation tissue inflammation at the root apex of the affected tooth, usually caused by dental decay or a bacterial infection of the tooth's pulp. While it is a relatively uncommon condition with a wide range of prevalence, the term "periapical granuloma" is used even though it does not contain granulomatous inflammation. This being a rare occurrence in usual clinical otolaryngologic practice, here we present a case report of a 55-year-old female with a lesion over her hard palate for two months.
Implementation of a digital elevation model for the detection of flood-prone areas, a micro-basin, San Ramón, Costa Rica
Authors: Quesada Marvin E
Published: September 2024

Topographic maps and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) through the application of spatial analysis tools derived from Digital Elevation Models (MED), constitute a fundamental resource in the management of hydrographic basins and territorial planning. The objective of this work is to delimit flood risk areas by applying MED, taking as a case study the El Estero stream micro-basin, San Ramón in Costa Rica, which is located on the left and upper bank of the Río Grande de San Ramon. The spatial analysis allowed us to show all the topographic conditions of the microbasin and precisely delimit the stream valley, revealing those areas of the microbasin that are prone to flooding. This research not only shows how the use of DEMs and their derived products allows a detailed study of some of the variables that influence the production of flood sites but is also an indispensable tool in urban planning.
MODEL EVALUASI KETIMPANGAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEKS CERITA FANTASI DI SMP PGRI 4 BAGOREJO
Authors: Nisa Alfi Khoiru An , Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , Wagiran Wagiran , Naryatmojo Deby Luriawati
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan (1) mendeskripsikan kualitas RPP Bahasa Indonesia Materi Teks Cerita Fantasi di SMP mengacu pada standar kurikulum 2013, (2) mendeskripsikan kesesuaian pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan RPP yyang telah dibuat, (3) mendeskripsikan penilaian dalam pembelajaran, dan (4) mendeskripsikan penerapan evaluasi ketimpangan dalam proses pembelajaran. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan strategi studi kasus digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Guru Bahasa Indonesia di SMP PGRI 4 Bagorejo menjadi sumber data penelitian. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancaran dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) RPP yang disusun oleh guru sesuai dengan standar kurikulum 2013, (2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran sesuai dengan RPP yang dibuat namun terdapat beberapa yang belum terpenuhi, (3) penilaian yang dilakukan oleh guru meliputi tiga penilaian yaitu sikap, kognitif, dan psikomotorik, dan (4) evaluasi ketimpangan dilakukan pada tiga proses yaitu input, procces, dan output, dan ditemukan ketimpangan pada input dan procces yang berdampak juga pada ketimpangan output.
ANALISIS KASUS UJARAN KEBENCIAN BERDASAR SARA OLEH FERDINAND HUTAHAEAN: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK FORENSIK
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Rifai Ahmad Abu
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This study aims to reveal forensic linguistic analysis using semantic theory from the Ferdinand Hutahean case in the form of a tweet upload that caused trouble in the community. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The research step is divided into three stages, namely data collection, data analysis, and presentation of the results of data analysis. Data collection is carried out by refer method and note technique. Data analysis uses distributional methods, while the presentation of data analysis results uses informal methods. Research results in conclusions that based on the analysis of lexical and grammatical meaning Tweet FH presents the meaning of comparison by mentioning the contrast of the differences in ‘my God’ and ‘your God’. He confirmed both with the opposite nature. According to him, your God is weak and needs to be defended, while Allah is extraordinary, all of everything and he puts my God as his appointment. FH also conveyed his satire to certain parties who carried out acts of defense against God. Tweet FH has the potential to cause trouble in the community, especially among Muslims and is related to SARA elements. In terms of legal responsibility, Tweet FH is related to ‘Pasal 14 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 tentang Peraturan Hukum Pidana’.Keywords: Linguistics, Semantic Analysis, Ferdinand Hutahaean Cases
ANALISIS KENDALA EKSTERNAL DALAM PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH SISWA
Authors: Hartati Rahma Dewi , Hartati Rahma Dewi , Pratiwi Brillianing , Pratiwi Brillianing
Published: September 2024

In the process of learning Indonesian scientific paper materials, one of the core competencies is the ability to compile and convey complete scientific findings through written papers. However, many students face difficulties when it comes to the writing process. This study aims to understand the learning process of scientific paper writing in the classroom, analyze the factors that contribute to students' struggles in developing scientific papers, and describe the challenges that students face. The research involved high school students who were studying scientific work materials. Qualitative research with descriptive analysis methods was used to gather data. The study revealed that external factors have a considerable impact on students struggling with writing scientific papers. These factors encompass a classroom atmosphere with insufficient learning support, an unsuitable learning environment for scientific paper writing, and inadequate provisions for planning and delivering appropriate learning materials.
Desafíos y oportunidades de la administración en Colombia: Importancia de la educación continua para los egresados de administración en Colombia
Authors: RINCÓN BÁEZ WILLIAM UMAR , BECERRA PLAZA GISÉLE EUGENIA
Published: September 2024

Para el Consejo Profesional de Administración de Empresas CPAE, es un gusto presentar los resultados de la tercera entrega de nuestro estudio Radar, en alianza con la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Administración ASCOLFA, la cual enfatiza la importancia de la educación continua (EC) para el desarrollo profesional de nuestros egresados de administración y la transformación educativa que nuestras universidades están liderando con cada vez más fuerza e intención. Esperamos que este estudio se reciba como un testimonio del compromiso de ambas instituciones con el avance y la actualización constante de nuestros profesionales, en un entorno laboral que cada vez gira más alrededor de un aprendizaje para toda la vida.
Enflasyon Volatilitesinin Otoregresif Koşullu Değişen Varyans Modelleri ile İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Ayık Uğur , Özer Hüseyin
Published: September 2024

Türkiye ekonomisinde son on yılda yaşanan aşırı fiyat artışları, ülke ekonomisinde önemli bir refah kaybına sebebiyet vermiş olup enflasyondaki fiyat artışlarının kalıcılığının literatürde yeterli sayıda incelenmediği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki temel amaç 2005M01-2024M04 zaman serisini baz alarak fiyat artışlarının kalıcı olup olmadığını ampirik analizlerle sorgulamaktır. Geleneksel birim kök testleriyle enflasyon serisinin durağanlığının incelendiği çalışmada, enflasyondaki şokların kalıcılığını araştırmak için otoregresif koşullu değişen varyans modellerinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Türkiye için enflasyondaki volatilitenin kalıcı olduğu tespit edilmiş, sonuçlar değerlendirilerek politika önerisinde bulunulmuştur.
Research on the Motivational Factors of Information Technologies Department Employees in the Context of Abraham Harold Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Authors: Bahar Burak , Özen Üstün
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree to which information technology department employees meet the stages of needs outlined in Abraham Harold Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory. The researchers identified eight variables and formulated eight hypotheses related to these variables. To test these hypotheses, data from an online survey completed by 401 active information technology employees in Turkey, representing the study population, was utilized. The convenience sampling method, which is one of the non-probabilistic sampling methods due to time and budget constraints, was utilized. The statistical analysis revealed a noteworthy correlation between the variables, particularly in terms of income status and motivation, across all sub-dimensions of Abraham Harold Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory. While variations in the perceived level of deprivation by sub-dimensions were identified in other hypotheses, these variances did not reach statistical significance across all sub-dimensions.
Nouvelles approches sigillographiques, les apports des bases de données
Authors: Hablot Laurent
Published: September 2024

Plusieurs répertoires numériques de sceaux se développent aujourd’hui à travers le monde. Ces nouveaux outils modifient en partie notre rapport à cette source jusqu’alors à la fois difficile d’accès, fragile et complexe à appréhender dans sa masse. En offrant la possibilité de répertorier, d’exposer et de décrire de façon ordonnée et ouverte des quantités considérables de sceaux, favorisant la formation et l’indexation collaborative et les échanges de données, ces nouveaux catalogues numériques invitent également à renouveler nos méthodes et suscitent de stimulantes questions et hypothèses de recherches. Mais ces outils ont leurs propres biais et limites que les projets numériques ne doivent pas ignorer pour conserver l’objectif initial de valoriser toujours plus et mieux cette source essentielle de l’histoire.
Several digital seal directories are being developed worldwide today. These new tools partially transform our relationship with this source, which has long been difficult to access, fragile, and complex to analyze in its entirety. By enabling the systematic and open cataloguing, display, and description of vast quantities of seals, fostering collaborative indexing and data sharing, these new digital catalogues encourage the renewal of our methods and raise stimulating research questions and hypotheses. However, these tools have their own biases and limitations, which digital projects must address to uphold the original goal of enhancing and better utilizing this essential historical source.
Tools for development of the Russian electric power industry in the current realities
Authors: Borodin A. E. , Chernyaev M. V.
Published: September 2024

Electric power industry is one of the most important sectors of Russian economy that satisfies the needs of the country’s population, companies of various areas of economy in electric and thermal energy and supplies it for the CIS and Non-CIS countries. Due to this, it is significant to study the tools for development of Russian electric energy industry in the current realities, and this is the basis of the article. The purpose of the article is to study the modern tools for development of electric energy industry and work out the recommendations on their improvement. The following aspects are considered as the main tools for development of electric energy industry: interconnection of electric grid resources, carbon neutrality, legislative acts, digital technologies, financial instruments aimed at attracting investment, accumulation systems (portable sources of electricity), electric transport, and green energy. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis of scientific publications and Internet resources, synthesis and generalization of the data acquired. The authors of the study have analyzed the most significant tools that can be used to develop the electric energy industry in the current situation, and worked out the recommendations on improving the effectiveness of their implementation. To provide a full-fledged solution of the tasks set in the article the authors have analyzed the dynamics of the electric energy industry, identified the basic principles of its development, the peculiar features of their implementation, worked out the opportunities and recommendations for their improvement. According to the results of the study it has been suggested to establish a new institute – a specialized international innovation centre of electric energy industry which will ensure attraction of investment, formation of effective cooperation with friendly countries and development of green energy industry. The authors have identified the tools providing for the development of electric energy industry in Russia, worked out recommendations on their improvement, suggested a new institute of financing and development of electric energy industry. The results of the study in hand can be used in the activity of the companies involved in electric energy industry and further research on the topic.
The economophysical model of the propagation of innovation: the Ising model
Authors: Zhdaneev O. V. , Ovsyannikov I. R.
Published: September 2024

The process of technical and economic justification of investment, analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of innovation requires a tool for describing and modeling the process of distribution of technology in the industry. The work presents a model of propagation of innovation involving physical approaches, describing the market saturation point, i.e. the point at which the exponential growth of the innovation propagation speed is replaced by the logarithmic growth. The object of the study is the propagation of innovation, and the subject is the development of the market saturation point functional. The authors justified the implementation and described the approach to modeling of the process of saturation of the market with innovation by the physical Ising model. The value of the Ising model’s toolkit is presented by the Curie point in ferromagnets which characterizes the second order phase transition. The article presents the mathematical model of the compliance of physical parameters with economic ones: the amount of inter-company influence, barriers to implementation and breakthrough of innovation. The authors adduce the discussion of the limitations and applicability of this model as well as further potential directions of study of economophysical models. The tools developed by the authors can be used in all sectors of economics to improve their innovation activity level.
Peculiar features of economic evaluation of investment projects on industrial processing of animal by-products
Authors: Savon D. Yu. , Dubinets V. S. , Kolotyrin K. P.
Published: September 2024

During the implementation of the projects on industrial processing of animal byproducts it extremely important to take into account the peculiar features of the technological process of processing animal by-products to ensure the safety of manufactured products and all stages of the production process. In order to do this it is necessary to identify the potential risks which will influence the projects on utilization of animal by-products and to strictly follow the legal requirements in this field. While implementing the projects in processing animal by-products special attention should be paid to adaptation of technological process to the current world trends and requirements of the industries of the agricultural complex. The main task in the implementation of the projects on industrial processing of animal byproducts is to encourage investors while implementing the projects, the opportunities to decrease the risks, and to receive a full economic justification for making capital investments in projects of this type. The authors suggest a method of calculation of economic effectiveness of investment projects on industrial processing of animal by-products which includes taking into account the risks on the basis of cumulative calculation of the discount rate. In particular, it is proposed to consider environmental, scientific research, regulatory and economic risks. Application of this method in the implementation of the projects on industrial processing of animal by-products will allow both providing objective evaluation of economic and environmental effectiveness of the projects and encouraging investors to participate in the projects of this type.