bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How well are we controlling falls from height in construction? Experiences of union carpenters in Washington State, 1989–2008
Authors: Lipscomb Hester J. , Schoenfisch Ashley L. , Cameron Wilfrid , Kucera Kristen L. , Adams Darrin , Silverstein Barbara A.
Published: August 2013

Background

Falls from height (FFH) continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality across the construction industry.

Methods

By linking data on work hours with workers' compensation records, rates of work‐related injuries resulting from FFH and associated days away from work were evaluated among a large cohort (n = 24,830) of union carpenters in Washington State from 1989 to 2008. Using Poisson regression we assessed rates of FFH over the 20‐year period while adjusting for temporal trend in other work‐related injuries. Patterns of paid lost days (PLDs) were assessed with negative binomial regression.

Results

Crude rates of FFH decreased 82% over the 20‐year period. Reductions were more modest and without demonstrable change since 1996 when adjusting for the temporal reduction in other injuries. Younger workers had higher injury rates; older workers lost more days following falls. Rates of PLDs associated with falls decreased over time, but there was not a consistent decline in mean lost days per fall.

Conclusion

These patterns are consistent with decreased FFH for several years surrounding state (1991) and then federal (1994) fall standards; the decline during this time period exceeded those seen in injury rates overall in this cohort. While crude rates of FFH have continued to decline, the decline is not as substantial as that seen for other types of injuries. This could reflect a variety of things including more global efforts designed to control risk (site planning, safety accountability) and changes in reporting practices. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:69–77, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a novel fluorescent protein construct by genetically fusing green fluorescent protein to the N‐terminal of aspartate dehydrogenase
Authors: Ozyurt Canan , Evran Serap , Telefoncu Azmi
Published: August 2013

We developed a fluorescent protein construct by genetically fusing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to aspartate dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima. The fusion protein was cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and purified by Ni‐chelate affinity chromatography. It was then introduced into a measurement cuvette to monitor its fluorescence signal. Aspartate dehydrogenase functioned as the biorecognition element, and aspartate‐induced conformational change was converted to a fluorescence signal by GFP. The recombinant protein responded to l‐aspartate (l‐Asp) linearly within the concentration range of 1–50 mM, and it was capable of giving a fluorescence signal in 1 Min. Although a linear response was also observed for l‐Glu, the fluorescence signal was 2.7 times lower than that observed for l‐Asp. In the present study, we describe two novelties: development of a genetically encoded fluorescent protein construct for monitoring of l‐Asp in vitro, and employment of aspartate dehydrogenase scaffold as a biorecognition element. A few genetically encoded amino‐acid biosensors have been described in the literature, but to our knowledge, a protein has not been constructed solely for determination of l‐Asp. Periplasmic ligand binding proteins offer high binding affinity in the micromolar range, and they are frequently used as biorecognition elements. Instead of choosing a periplasmic l‐Asp binding protein, we attempted to use the substrate specificity of aspartate dehydrogenase enzyme.
Design and evaluation of radiolabeled tracers for tumor imaging
Authors: Wållberg Helena , Ståhl Stefan
Published: August 2013

The growing understanding of tumor biology and the identification of tumor‐specific genetic and molecular alterations, such as the overexpression of membrane receptors and other proteins, allows for personalization of patient management using targeted therapies. However, this puts stringent demands on the diagnostic tools used to identify patients who are likely to respond to a particular treatment. Radionuclide molecular imaging is a promising noninvasive method to visualize and characterize the expression of such targets. A number of different proteins, from full‐length antibodies and their derivatives to small scaffold proteins and peptide receptor‐ligands, have been applied to molecular imaging, each demonstrating strengths and weaknesses. Here, we discuss the concept of molecular targeting and, in particular, molecular imaging of cancer‐associated targets. Additionally, we describe important biotechnological considerations and desired features when designing and developing tracers for radionuclide molecular imaging.
Characterization of a group of pyrroloquinoline quinone‐dependent dehydrogenases that are involved in the conversion of L‐sorbose to 2‐Keto‐L‐gulonic acid in Ketogulonicigenium vulgare WSH‐001
Authors: Gao Lili , Du Guocheng , Zhou Jingwen , Chen Jian , Liu Jie
Published: August 2013

Ketogulonicigenium vulgare WSH‐001 is an industrial strain used for vitamin C production. Based on genome sequencing and pathway analysis of the bacterium, some of its potential pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)‐dependent dehydrogenases were predicted, including KVU_pmdA_0245, KVU_2142, KVU_2159, KVU_1366, KVU_0203, KVU_0095, and KVU_pmdB_0115. BLAST and function domain searches showed that enzymes encoded by these genes may act as putative PQQ‐dependent L‐sorbose dehydrogenases (SDH) or L‐sorbosone dehydrogenases (SNDH). To validate whether these dehydrogenases are PQQ‐dependent or not, these seven putative dehyrogenases were overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified for characterization. Biochemical and kinetic characterization of the purified proteins have led to the identification of seven enzymes that possess the ability to oxidize L‐sorbose or L‐sorbosone to varying degrees. In addition, the dehydrogenation of sorbose in K. vulgare is validated to be PQQ dependent, identification of these PQQ‐dependent dehydrogenases expanded the PQQ‐dependent dehydrogenase family. Besides, the optimal combination of enzymes that could more efficiently catalyze the conversion of sorbose to gulonic acid was proposed. These are important in supporting the development of metabolic engineering strategies and engineering of efficient strains for one‐step production of vitamin C in the future. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1398–1404, 2013
Experiences in developing labs for a supervisory control and data acquisition course for undergraduate Mechatronics education
Authors: Senk Ivana , Ostojic Gordana , Jovanovic Vukica , Tarjan Laslo , Stankovski Stevan
Published: August 2013

This paper describes the course Systems for Supervision and Process Visualization that is conducted at the undergraduate studies of Mechatronics at University of Novi Sad, the scope, tasks, labs and hands on activities. In addition, it presents the student evaluation of the course that provided valuable feedback for further improvements. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:54–62, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21578
Highly Active and Stable Lanthanum‐doped Core–Shell‐structured Ni@SiO2 Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas
Authors: Li Lei , Yao Yao , Sun Bo , Fei Zhaoyang , Xia Hao , Zhao Jing , Ji Weijie , Au Chak‐Tong
Published: August 2013

The nanostructures of silica‐encapsulated NiO nanoparticles (NPs) doped with La, Ce, Ba, Co, Cu, and Fe were prepared and tested as catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas. Techniques that include TEM, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), and O2 temperature‐programmed oxidation (TPO) were employed to characterize the fresh and used catalysts to understand the structure–performance relationship. The La‐doped Ni@SiO2 catalyst is superior to those doped with other elements. The effect of the reaction conditions on the catalyst performance over the best catalyst were also studied. The La2O3 species that were distributed uniformly throughout the NiO or Ni cores not only modify the core surfaces, but also enhance the resistance toward surface coking, which results in superior catalyst activity and durability.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Chemistry of the Fast Li‐Ion Conductor Li7La3Zr2O12 Doped with Fe.
Authors: Rettenwander Daniel , Geiger Charles A. , Amthauer Georg
Published: August 2013

The title compound is synthesized by sintering of Li2CO3, La2O3, ZrO2, and Fe2O3 in air (Pt crucible, 1100 °C, 17 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetism and the Formation of Interlayer As2 Dimers in Ca(Fe1‐xNix)2As2.
Authors: Pobel Roman , Frankovsky Rainer , Johrendt Dirk
Published: August 2013

Polycrystalline Ca(Fe1‐xNix)2As2 (x = 0—1) is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (alumina crucible in a sealed silica tube, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Aryl(alkynyl)iodonium Salts.
Authors: Dixon Luke I. , Carroll Michael A. , Gregson Thomas J. , Ellames George J. , Harrington Ross W. , Clegg William
Published: August 2013

The first practical preparation of the title reagents, from readily available starting materials, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of Perfluorobenzoic Acids with Simple Arenes.
Authors: Luo Hai‐Qing , Dong Wen , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: August 2013

The ligand‐free reaction allows a simple and efficient access to various polyfluorinated biphenyl structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)/TEMPO‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Imines Directly from Primary and Secondary Amines under Ambient and Neat Conditions.
Authors: Huang Bo , Tian Haiwen , Lin Shoushuai , Xie Meihua , Yu Xiaochun , Xu Qing
Published: August 2013

Optimized conditions are developed for the oxidative dimerization of primary amines to yield imine products.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Supported Ru(0) Nanoparticles: An Efficient Ligand‐Free Heterogeneous Catalyst for Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic Alcohol to Carbonyl.
Authors: Das Pralay , Aggarwal Nidhi , Guha Nitul Ranjan
Published: August 2013

Ru nanoparticles immobilized on Amberlite IRA 900 can be used for various benzylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Organobase‐Catalyzed Amidation of Esters with Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Caldwell Nicola , Jamieson Craig , Simpson Iain , Tuttle Tell
Published: August 2013

A wide range of amido alcohols is prepared in high yields using the reaction catalyzed by BEMP.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts for the Ultrasound‐Promoted Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction in Glycerol.
Authors: Azua Arturo , Mata Jose A. , Heymes Pauline , Peris Eduardo , Lamaty Frederic , Martinez Jean , Colacino Evelina
Published: August 2013

Novel palladium N‐heterocyclic carbene‐based complexes with 3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl, alkyl and sulfonate N‐substituents are synthesized and used as pre‐catalysts in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Accelerated Iron‐ and Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions Between N‐Heteroaryl Halides and Aryl Magnesium Reagents.
Authors: Kuzmina Olesya M. , Steib Andreas K. , Markiewicz John T. , Flutbacher Dietmar , Knochel Paul
Published: August 2013

It is demonstrated that catalytic amounts of isoquinoline or quinoline efficiently accelerate the FeCl3‐catalyzed coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrigendum: Indium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of Cyclopropene‐3,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds: Efficient Access to Benzo‐Fused Heteroaromatics and Heterobiaryls.
Authors: Phun Lien H. , Aponte‐Guzman Joel , France Stefan
Published: August 2013

The cyclopropenes (III) cannot be isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Bromide and Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidines via Biginelli Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Guelten Sirin
Published: August 2013

Three methods are examined for the title reaction whereas, best results are achieved using MgBr2 as catalyst under neat conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic 1‐Alkenylboronates via Zr‐Mediated Double Functionalization of Alkynylboronates and Sequential Ru‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Nishihara Yasushi , Suetsugu Masato , Saito Daisuke , Kinoshita Megumi , Iwasaki Masayuki
Published: August 2013

Several subsequent transformations of the alkenylboronates are exemplified.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Borylation of Arenediazonium Salts to Give Access to Arylboron Derivatives via Aryl(amino)boranes at Room Temperature.
Authors: Marciasini Ludovic D. , Richy Nicolas , Vaultier Michel , Pucheault Mathieu
Published: August 2013

Direct coupling between aryldiazonium salts (I) and diisopropylaminoborane is catalyzed by ferrocene leading to the formation of a C—B bond.The obtained aryl(amino)boranes can be easily transformed into boronic acids, boronates or borates.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Iodoamination of Ferrocenyl Allene: An Approach for the Synthesis of Ferrocene‐Containing Allylic Amines.
Authors: Chen Shufeng , Yan Qing , Zhao Haiying , Li Baoguo
Published: August 2013

A straightforward and efficient method to prepare ferrocene‐containing allylic amines with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper Catalyzed One‐Pot, Four‐Component and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Ferrocenyl Azetidinimines.
Authors: Gouthaman Siddan , Shanmugam Ponnusamy , Mandal Asit Baran
Published: August 2013

Treatment of ferrocenyl imines, readily available from ferrocenealdehyde and amines as the starting components, with terminal alkynes and tosyl azide permits a simple synthesis of the target compounds with good diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex Phosphates Formed by Metal Cations in Oxidation States I and IV
Authors: Pet'kov V. I.
Published: August 2013

Review: 403 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Uncommon Perspectives in Palladium‐ and Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation and Heteroarylation of Terminal Alkynes Following Heck or Sonogashira Protocols: Interactions Copper/Ligand, Formation of Diynes, Reaction and Processes in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Beauperin Matthieu , Saleh Samer , Job Andre , Andrieu Jacques , Picquet Michel
Published: August 2013

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supercarboranes: Achievements and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Jian , Xie Zuowei
Published: August 2013

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines: Application to the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Yus Miguel , Gonzalez‐Gomez Jose C. , Foubelo Francisco
Published: August 2013

Review: 397 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Reactions of Fullerenes: From Synthetic Organic Chemistry to Materials Science and Biology
Authors: Tzirakis Manolis D. , Orfanopoulos Michael
Published: August 2013

Review: 638 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Polyethylenes of Complex Chain Architectures via Pd—Diimine‐Catalyzed “Living” Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Ye Zhibin , Xu Lixin , Dong Zhongmin , Xiang Peng
Published: August 2013

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Voltage Control of Magnetism in Multiferroic Heterostructures and Devices
Authors: Sun Nian X. , Srinivasan Gopalan
Published: August 2013

Review: 210 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids — A Saga
Authors: Campbell Paul S. , Prechtl Martin H. G. , Santini Catherine C. , Haumesser Paul‐Henri
Published: August 2013

Review: 121 refs.
The Upside of Downsizing: Asymmetric Trifunctional Organocatalysts as Small Enzyme Mimics for Cooperative Enhancement of Both Rate and Enantioselectivity With Regulation
Authors: Liu Fei
Published: August 2013

Small molecule organic catalysts (organocatalysts) are widely used in asymmetric catalysis and synthesis. Compared to their enzymatic and transition‐metal counterparts, organocatalysts have advantages in catalytic scope and efficiency but are more limited in proficiency. Chiral trifunctional organocatalysts, in which multiple catalytic motifs act cooperatively on a chiral scaffold, are an emerging class of organocatalysts with improved proficiency. Cooperativity design that enables both enantioselectivity and rate enhancement is essential to developing future generations of organocatalysts in biomimetic asymmetric catalysis. Chirality 25:675–683, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Chirality published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chirality: A Relational Geometric‐Physical Property
Authors: Gerlach Hans
Published: August 2013

The definition of the term chirality by Lord Kelvin in 1893 and 1904 is analyzed by taking crystallography at that time into account. This shows clearly that chirality is a relational geometric‐physical property, i.e., two relations between isometric objects are possible: homochiral or heterochiral. In scientific articles the relational term chirality is often mistaken for the two valued measure for the individual (absolute) sense of chirality, an arbitrary attributive term. Chirality 25:684–685, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Electrocatalysis on Shape‐Controlled Titanium Nitride Nanocrystals for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Dong Youzhen , Wu Yongmin , Liu Mengjia , Li Jinghong
Published: August 2013

The high price of platinum (Pt)‐based cathode catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have slowed down the practical application of fuel cells. Thanks to their low cost, and outstanding, stable catalytic properties, titanium nitrides (TiN) are among the most promising non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for replacing Pt. However, the shape–activity relationships of TiN electrocatalysts have not been well‐studied or understood up to now. In this work, by simply adjusting the shape of TiO2 precursor, we are able to tailor the morphology of the TiN catalysts from nanoparticles to nanotubes. We have synthetized uniform carbon‐coated titanium nitride nanotubes (carbon‐coated TiN NTs) through a nitridation reaction in NH3 flow using a TiO2 nanotubes/melamine mixture as precursor. The carbon‐coated TiN NTs hybrids exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for the ORR, coupled with superior methanol tolerance and long‐term stability in comparison to commercial Pt/C, through an efficient four‐electron‐dominant ORR process. Compared with nanoparticles, the one‐dimensional and hollow structure of the nanotubes result in greater diffusion of electrolyte and superior electrical conductivity, and contribute to the greatly improved electrocatalytic performance of the carbon‐coated TiN NTs nanocomposites.
Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) function is necessary for maintaining mammary tissue architecture
Authors: Jenkins Edmund C. , Debnath Shawon , Varriano Sophia , Gundry Stephen , Fata Jimmie E.
Published: August 2013

Background: The mammary gland is an ideal model to study the link between form and function in normal tissue. Perhaps as interesting as the cues necessary to generate this structure are the signals required to maintain its branched architecture over the lifetime of the organism, since likely these pathways are de‐regulated in malignancies. Previously, we have shown that the Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), a critical regulator of intracellular pH, was necessary for mammary branching morphogenesis. Here we provide strong evidence that NHE1 function is also necessary for maintaining mammary branched architecture. Results: Inhibition of NHE1 with 5‐N‐Methy‐N‐isobutyl amiloride (MIA) on branched structures resulted in a rapid (within 24 hr) and reversible loss of branched architecture that was not accompanied by any overt changes in cell proliferation or cell death. NHE1 inhibition led to a significant acidification of intracellular pH in the branched end buds that preceded a number of events, including altered tissue polarity of myoepithelial cells, loss of NHE1 basal polarity, F‐actin rearrangements, and decreased E‐cadherin expression. Conclusions: Our results implicate NHE1 function and intracellular pH homeostasis as key factors that maintain mammary tissue architecture, thus, indirectly allowing for mammary function as a milk‐providing (form) and ‐producing (function) gland. Developmental Dynamics 243:229–242, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of Edge Atoms in the Hysteretic Behaviour of 3D Spin Crossover Nanoparticles Revealed by an Ising‐Like Model
Authors: Chiruta Daniel , Linares Jorge , Dimian Mihai , Alayli Yasser , Garcia Yann
Published: August 2013

We have applied a phenomenological two‐level Ising‐like model to study the case of 3D coordination polymers showing strongly cooperative but incomplete spin‐transition behaviour. Our numerical results focus on nanoparticles of the cyanide‐bridged 3D network Fe(pyrazine)[Pt(CN)4], considering several factors (i.e. temperature, pressure), the role of short‐ and long‐range interactions and the system size. To be consistent with the experimental studies on a nanometric scale, we used a semiexact method (Monte Carlo entropic sampling) to solve a system that contains molecules on each surface in the high‐spin state (edge atoms). A preliminary analysis of the short‐range antiferromagnetic case has been carried out to illustrate the three‐step transition case.
Phyllosilicates formation in faults rocks: Implications for dormant fault‐sealing potential and fault strength in the upper crust
Authors: Cavailhes Thibault , Soliva Roger , Labaume Pierre , Wibberley Christopher , Sizun Jean‐Pierre , Gout Claude , Charpentier Delphine , Chauvet Alain , Scalabrino Bruno , Buatier Martine
Published: August 2013

Phyllosilicate content and related permeability of fault zones form primary controls on hydraulic and mechanical behavior of the brittle crust. Hence, understanding and predicting the localization of these ubiquitous minerals is a major issue for fundamental and applied geosciences. We describe normal fault zones cutting a foreland arkosic turbiditic formation suffering high‐T diagenesis and formed under conditions (~200°C) typical of deeply buried reservoirs and common within the seismogenic interval. Microstructural analyses show a large proportion of phyllosilicates (up to 34%) in the fault rock, derived from near‐complete feldspar alteration and disaggregation during deformation. This study shows that even faults with offsets (~20 cm) much lower than bed thickness can have such large feldspar‐to‐phyllosilicate transformation ratios, implying that the origin of the phyllosilicates is purely transformation related. These results imply that the potential sealing capacity and strength of faults could be predicted from the host rock feldspar content. Where sealing capacity and fault strength can be related to phyllosilicate content, these properties can then also be inferred from the predicted phyllosilicate content: this opens up new horizons concerning the hydraulic and the mechanical behavior of the upper crust.
Using computational strategies to predict potential drugs for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lan Ming‐Ying , Yang Wu‐Lung R. , Lin Kuan‐Ting , Lin Jin‐Ching , Shann Yih‐Jyh , Ho Ching‐Yin , Huang Chi‐Ying F.
Published: August 2013

Background

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique cancer. Refinement of current therapy by discovering potential drugs may be approached by several computational strategies.

Methods

We collected NPC genes from published microarray data and the literature. The NPC disease network was constructed via a protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network. The Connectivity Map (CMap) was used to predict potential chemicals, and support vector machines (SVMs) were further utilized to classify the effectiveness of tested drugs against NPC using their gene expression from CMap.

Results

A highly interconnected network was obtained. Several chemically sensitive genes were identified and 87 drugs were predicted with the potential for treating NPC by SVM, in which nearly half of them have anticancer effects according to the literature. The 2 top‐ranked drugs, thioridazine and vorinostat, were demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting NPC cells.

Conclusion

This in silico approach provides a promising strategy for screening potential therapeutic drugs for NPC treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1398–1407, 2014
Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features: Report of 2 cases with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses
Authors: Kusafuka Kimihide , Onitsuka Tetsuro , Muramatsu Koji , Miki Tomoko , Murai Chika , Suda Toshihito , Fuke Tomohito , Kamijo Tomoyuki , Iida Yoshiyuki , Nakajima Takashi
Published: August 2013

Background

Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features is extremely rare.

Methods

We report 2 cases of salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features treated at our institution.

Results

Case 1 was a 44‐year‐old Japanese man who had swelling in the left parotid region. This tumor consisted of residual pleomorphic adenoma and widely invasive carcinoma, which showed a diffuse growth pattern by atypical rhabdoid cells. Case 2 was a 66‐year‐old Japanese man who had swelling of the right cervical region. This submandibular tumor was also composed of both residual pleomorphic adenoma region and invasive adenocarcinoma components, whereas some metastatic lesions were purely composed of rhabdoid cells. Such cells were strongly and diffusely positive for cytokeratins (CKs), gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP), and androgen receptor (AR). Case 1 was also positive for Her‐2 and p53.

Conclusion

Both patients were diagnosed with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and their carcinomatous components were composed of salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features, which is a highly aggressive tumor, similar to salivary duct carcinoma. © 2013 The Authors. Head & Neck published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E28–E35, 2014
Stomal recurrence: Salvage surgery and reconstruction utilizing microvascular free tissue transfer
Authors: Pittman Amy , Lindau Robert , Andersen Peter , Wax Mark K.
Published: August 2013

Background

Stomal recurrence in patients after laryngectomy has a poor prognosis. Studies performed using sternal resection with pectoralis flap reconstruction report <25% 2‐year survival. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the use of larger resection with free flap reconstruction improves survival.

Methods

Thirteen cases of stomal recurrence that underwent extended sternal resection and free flap reconstruction were identified and classified according to Sisson criteria. Postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival were assessed.

Results

Median survival was 10 months in patients with Sisson types I and II, with 37.5% 1‐year and 25% 2‐year survival. Median survival was 6 months in patients with Sisson types III and IV, with 40% 1‐year and 0% 2‐year survival. There were 2 perioperative deaths and a major morbidity rate of 45%.

Conclusion

Salvage surgery using free flap reconstruction did not show improved survival rates compared with previously described techniques. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1431–1434, 2014
Utilization of fentanyl buccal tablets in England: Exploring off‐label use reported in a cohort study
Authors: Osborne V. , Layton D. , Fogg C. , Al‐Shukri M. , Shakir S.A.W.
Published: August 2013

Background

Fentanyl citrate buccal tablets are indicated for the treatment of breakthrough pain (BTP) in cancer, in adults who are receiving maintenance opioid therapy for chronic cancer pain.

Objective

One of the objectives of this study was to describe the utilization characteristics of patients prescribed fentanyl buccal and to assess how the product is being used in relation to the terms of license of marketing approval.

Methods

An observational post‐marketing cohort study was conducted. For the analysis of this study, exposure data were collected from dispensed prescriptions issued by general practitioners (GPs) between March 2009 and June 2011. Outcome data (indication, event, patient demographic and selected clinical characteristics) were collected by sending questionnaires to GPs at least 6 months after the drug was first prescribed. Summary descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results

The cohort consisted of 551 patients, of which 54.8% (n = 302 patients) were female. The median age for the cohort was 62 years (interquartile range: 50–72 years), with one patient (0.2%) aged less than 18 years. A primary indication of BTP in cancer was reported for 61.9% (n = 341) patients. Regular opioid therapy was reported upon starting the treatment for 383 patients (69.5% of cohort). In total, 69 patients (12.5%) had one or more contraindications for use. The most frequent initial titration dose was 100 μg/day (n = 247).

Conclusions

The final study results show that fentanyl buccal is largely being prescribed according to the terms of the license in general practice in England, but off‐licence use and use in the presence of contraindications and warnings have been reported.
Inhibition of Apolipoprotein A‐I Expression by TNF‐Alpha in HepG2 Cells: Requirement for c‐jun
Authors: Parseghian Shant , Onstead‐Haas Luisa M. , Wong Norman C.W. , Mooradian Arshag D. , Haas Michael J.
Published: August 2013

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) signals in part through the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase c‐jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK). Activation of JNK has been shown to promote insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, including reductions in plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A‐I (apo A‐I). To examine how TNF α‐mediated JNK activation inhibits hepatic apo A‐I production, the effects of c‐jun activation on apo A‐I gene expression were examined in HepG2 cells. Apo A‐I gene expression and promoter activity were measured by Northern and Western blotting and transient transfection. Transient transfection and siRNA were used to specifically over‐express or knockout c‐jun, c‐jun‐N‐terminal kinase‐1 and ‐2 (JNK1 and JNK2, respectively) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐4 (MKK4). TNF α‐treatment of HepG2 cells induced rapid phosphorylation of c‐jun on serine 63. In cells treated with phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), apo A‐I gene promoter activity was inhibited and apo A‐I mRNA content and apo A‐I protein secretion decreased. Likewise, over‐expression of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibited apo A‐I promoter activity. Over‐expression of constitutively active MKK4, an upstream protein kinase that directly activates JNK, also inhibited apo A‐I promoter activity, while over‐expression of a dominant‐negative MKK4 de‐repressed apo A‐I promoter activity in TNF α‐treated cells. Inhibition of c‐jun synthesis using siRNA but not a control siRNA prevented TNF α‐mediated inhibition of apo A‐I. These results suggest that the MKK4/JNK/c‐jun signaling pathway mediates TNF α‐dependent inhibition of apo A‐I synthesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 253–260, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent trends in (ligno)cellulose dissolution using neoteric solvents: switchable, distillable and bio‐based ionic liquids
Authors: Domínguez de María Pablo
Published: August 2013

Recent years have witnessed the use of different ionic liquids for biomass processing, either at the level of lignocellulose pre‐treatment, to fractionate biomass in its main components, separating hemicellulose and lignin from cellulose, or directly in cellulose decrystallization by dissolving it in the ionic liquid and subsequent precipitation by adding anti‐solvents. Yet, most of the ILs employed in these strategies (e.g. imidazolium‐based solvents) are (still) expensive for such applications, and provide discussable ecological footprints. In an attempt to combine the highly useful generated knowledge with novel neoteric solvents with improved properties, economics, availability and ecology, several new trends have appeared in these areas during recent years. They comprise the use of switchable ILs, based on strong organic bases and CO2, the application of distillable ILs, as well as the use of bio‐based and low‐cost ILs and deep‐eutectic‐solvents (DES), e.g. choline chloride‐based derivatives. Apart from other emerging uses, for all these solvents some preliminary applications in biomass processing involving pretreatments, cellulose dissolution and other applications have been successfully reported. This Minireview contextualizes these recent trends and discusses them with emphasis on future use of them in biorefineries and biomass valorization. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
On the propagation of blobs in the magnetotail: MHD simulations
Authors: Birn J. , Nakamura R. , Hesse M.
Published: August 2013

Using three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the magnetotail, we investigate the fate of entropy‐enhanced localized magnetic flux tubes (“blobs”). Such flux tubes may be the result of a slippage process that also generates entropy‐depleted flux tubes (“bubbles”) or of a rapid localized energy increase, for instance, from wave absorption. We confirm the expectation that the entropy enhancement leads to a tailward motion and that the speed and distance traveled into the tail increase with the entropy enhancement, even though the blobs tend to break up into pieces. The vorticity on the outside of the blobs twists the magnetic field and generates field‐aligned currents predominantly of region‐2 sense (earthward on the dusk side and tailward on the dawn side), which might provide a possibility for remote identification from the ground. The breakup, however, leads to more turbulent flow patterns, associated with opposite vorticity and the generation of region‐1 sense field‐aligned currents of lower intensity but approximately equal integrated magnitude.
Exceptionally active agricultural fire season in mid‐eastern China in June 2012 and its impact on the atmospheric environment
Authors: Xia Xiangao , Zong Xuemei , Sun Li
Published: August 2013

Fire activity and its environmental effects in eastern China were studied using satellite and surface observations. First, seasonal and interannual variations of fire activity were investigated based on the fire occurrence data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer measurements during July 2003 to December 2012. Second, an extraordinarily active agricultural fire season in June 2012 was revealed in mid‐eastern China (MEC, 32°N–35°N, 115°E–120°E), where fire pixel density was twice the decadal average and the smoke layer height was observed to be 4 ~ 5 km. Third, significant effects of this fire season on the atmospheric environment were characterized using a combination of ground and satellite data. Crop fires enhanced aerosol optical depth (AOD), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) amounts near the source and in downwind regions by ~15–60%. A combination of observations and model simulations is required for better understanding effects of crop fires on atmospheric environment and climate.
Implications for early hydrothermal environments on Mars through the spectral evidence for carbonation and chloritization reactions in the Nili Fossae region
Authors: Viviano Christina E. , Moersch Jeffrey E. , McSween Harry Y.
Published: August 2013

Previous identification of serpentine and magnesium carbonate in the eastern Nili Fossae region of Mars indicates hydrothermal alteration of an olivine‐rich protolith. Here we characterize Fe/Mg phyllosilicates associated with these units and present spectral evidence for the presence of a talc component, distinguishable from saponite. Locations with magnesium carbonate are exclusively associated with talc‐related phyllosilicates. In the westernmost portions of the Nili Fossae region, where a mafic protolith dominates, Fe/Mg phyllosilicates display spectral evidence for a wide degree of chloritization. We propose that Noachian Fe/Mg smectites were uniformly buried by Hesperian lava flows that initiated hydrothermal alteration in the eastern Nili Fossae region. The chloritization of smectites may have produced silica‐rich fluids necessary for the serpentinization of olivine; temperature and depth constraints indicated by their distribution also suggest a hydrothermal system was present. The subsequent carbonation of serpentine and/or olivine in eastern Nili Fossae, while requiring an additional CO2 source, provides an explanation for the limited occurrence of serpentine and the colocation of carbonate and talc‐bearing material throughout this area. The consequence of the hypothesized carbonation reaction and the presence of serpentine provides geochemical constraints for the proportion of CO2 present in the fluids that interacted with the protolith. If this carbonation reaction was a widespread phenomenon, it may have been an important process in the ancient Martian carbon cycle and could have provided a sink for CO2 in the past.
I Don't Need Leadership: An Exploration of the Societal Discourse of Leadership
Authors: McLaren Patricia Genoe
Published: August 2013

Even with a myriad of definitions of leadership, we still know little about the discourse of leadership in which those of us without formal leadership education and development are embedded. Through a discourse analysis of interviews with a broad cross‐section of 12 “followers,” the current study begins exploring the idea of a societal discourse of leadership and how that discourse complements and conflicts with the academic and workplace discourses. Analysis shows that although individuals define leadership in a similar fashion to the academic discourse, they identify heroic figures as leaders, and they neither look for, nor feel they need, leadership in their own lives.
Leadership Lessons of Triangular Desire from René Girard
Authors: Harter Nathan
Published: August 2013

René Girard examined famous novels depicting something he called displaced desire, in which a follower emulates someone believed to be exemplary. These relationships can become problematic, twisted, and even contagious, as people affect desires only because someone else exhibits them. This often results in inauthentic choices and rivalry, which Girard diagnoses. In the last section of the paper are some implications for the practice and study of leadership.
Mythology as the Original Framework in the Development of Leadership Principles
Authors: Campbell Kenneth D.
Published: August 2013

Mythology served a much greater sociological role than just the telling of story and legend. Leadership principles developed inadvertently through narrative story and the invention of the mythological tale. Story was an original methodology by which we could teach others about the essential traits and qualities leaders needed for effective leadership. Myths and legends also warned listeners to avoid the dark side of leadership. The principles of leadership were originally embedded in our sociobiological evolution through social learning theory. Thus humanity was learning about leadership at an unconscious level and transferring that knowledge through new and similar story over time. Often we look for new leadership theory and answers, and yet most of that knowledge is already present if we just listen to the mythological stories we tell.
Short‐term alteration of nitrogen supply prior to harvest affects quality in hydroponic‐cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Authors: Lin Xian Yong , Liu Xiao Xia , Zhang Ying Peng , Zhou Yuan Qing , Hu Yan , Chen Qiu Hui , Zhang Yong Song , Jin Chong Wei
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

Quality‐associated problems, such as excessive in planta accumulation of oxalate, often arise in soillessly cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Maintaining a higher level of ammonium (NH4+) compared to nitrate (NO3−) during the growth period can effectively decrease the oxalate content in hydroponically cultivated vegetables. However, long‐term exposure to high concentrations of NH4+ induces toxicity in plants, and thus decreases the biomass production. Short‐term application of NH4+ before harvesting in soilless cultivation may provide an alternative strategy to decrease oxalate accumulation in spinach, and minimise the yield reduction caused by NH4+ toxicity.

RESULT

The plants were pre‐cultured in 8 mmol L−1 NO3− nutrient solution. Next, 6 days before harvest, the plants were transferred to a nutrient solution containing 4 mmol L−1 NO3− and 4 mmol L−1 NH4+. This new mix clearly reduced oxalate accumulation, increased levels of several antioxidant compounds, and enhanced antioxidant capacity in the edible parts of spinach plants, but it did not affect biomass production. However, when the 8 mmol L−1 NO3− was shifted to either nitrogen‐free, 4 mmol L−1 NH4+ or 8 mmol L−1 NH4+ treatments, although some of the quality indexes were improved, yields were significantly reduced.

CONCLUSIONS

Short‐term alteration of nitrogen supply prior to harvest significantly affects quality and biomass of spinach plants, and we strongly recommend to simultaneously use NO3− and NH4+ in hydroponic cultivation, which improves vegetable quality without decreasing biomass production. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of sensorial, phytochemical and biological properties of new isotonic beverages enriched with lemon and berries during shelf life
Authors: Gironés‐Vilaplana Amadeo , Mena Pedro , Moreno Diego A , García‐Viguera Cristina
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

The aim of this work was to design new isotonic drinks with lemon juice and berries: maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz), açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), following previous research. Quality parameters, sensorial attributes, antioxidant activities (ABTS+, DPPH• and O2•− assays) and biological capacities (α‐glucosidase and lipase inhibitory assays) were evaluated over 70 days of shelf‐life period.

RESULTS

Maqui isotonic blends were the most active in all antioxidant assays (8.35 and 3.07 mmol L−1 Trolox for ABTS+ and DPPH•), in the lipase inhibitory assay (43.19 U L−1), and showed the highest total phenol content by the Folin–Ciocalteu test (80.97 mg 100 mL−1 gallic acid), as a result of its higher content of total anthocyanins (42.42 mg 100 mL−1). Berry mixtures were also the most potent inhibitors of α‐glucosidase between all samples, and displayed an attractive red colour and good sensorial attributes.

CONCLUSIONS

All the studied parameters remained quite stable during preservation, in general, and the new isotonic drinks can be useful to equilibrate redox balance in acute and intense exercise, and support weight loss programmes, avoiding triglyceride absorption and hyperglycaemia involved in obesity and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Further research in vivo is necessary to verify their beneficial effects for sports, nutrition and health. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Poly(α‐hydroxy alkanoic acid)s Derived From α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Cohen‐Arazi Naomi , Domb Abraham J. , Katzhendler Joshua
Published: August 2013

Biodegradable polyesters derived from hydrophobic amino acids are synthesized by various techniques, resulting in a wide range of molecular weights. The polymers are prepared via a) direct condensation with p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as catalyst, b) ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of O‐carboxyanhydrides, and c) ROP of cyclic dilactones. The polymers obtained by the first method reach a molecular weight ranging from 1000 to 3000 Da, whereas those formed by the second and third method yield extended molecular weights of 15 000–30 000 Da. The purity of the monomers as well as their steric bulkiness are key factors affecting the polymerizability of cyclic monomers by ROP. Other parameters such as spatial ring alignment and proximity organization may also play a role.
Prostatic α1‐adrenoceptors: New concepts of function, regulation, and intracellular signaling
Authors: Hennenberg Martin , Stief Christian G. , Gratzke Christian
Published: August 2013

Prostatic α1‐adrenoceptors are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostate obstruction (BPO). It is widely accepted that enhanced α1‐adrenergic smooth muscle contraction can contribute to bladder outlet obstruction; α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists still represent a gold standard in the treatment of LUTS. Accordingly, expression and function of α1‐adrenoceptors in the prostate have attracted large attention over the last three decades. However, recent preclinical studies have challenged our understanding of prostatic α1‐adrenoceptors. In the current review article, we summarize “modern” concepts of prostatic α1‐adrenoceptors which include novel intracellular mediators of contraction as well as non‐contractile signaling and post‐translational receptor regulation. Configuration of α1‐adrenoceptors with binding partners may determine its function, leading to a dynamic receptor with high functional plasticity. Cooperative regulation of different intracellular effectors (MAPK, Akt, transcription factors) by α1‐adrenoceptors, hormones or growth factors has been suggested. The prostatic α1‐adrenoceptor is no longer being regarded as an isolated, static receptor exclusively mediating prostatic smooth muscle contraction by G proteins, but a dynamic receptor interacting with other receptors within a complex network of mediators. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1074–1085, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of deep ocean circulation in setting glacial climates
Authors: Adkins Jess F.
Published: August 2013

The glacial cycles of the Pleistocene involve changes in the circulation of the deep ocean in important ways. This review seeks to establish what were the robust patterns of deep‐sea water mass changes and how they might have influenced important parts of the last glacial cycle. After a brief review of how tracers in the modern ocean can be used to understand the distribution of water masses, I examine the data for biogeochemical, circulation rate, and conservative tracers during glacial climates. Some of the robust results from the literature of the last 30 years include: a shoaled version of northern source deep water in the Atlantic, expanded southern source water in the abyss and deep ocean, salt (rather than heat) stratification of the last glacial maximum (LGM) deep‐sea, and several lines of evidence for slower overturning circulation in the southern deep cell. We combine these observations into a new idea for how the ocean‐atmosphere system moves from interglacial to glacial periods across a single cycle. By virtue of its influence on the melting of land‐based ice around Antarctica, cooling North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) leads to a cold and salty version of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). This previously underappreciated feedback can lead to a more stratified deep ocean that operates as a more effective carbon trap than the modern, helping to lower atmospheric CO2 and providing a mechanism for the deep ocean to synchronize the hemispheres in a positive feedback that drives the system to further cooling.
Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 104)
Authors: Shrestha Santosh
Published: August 2013

In order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Applied Physics Letters, Progress in Photovoltaics and Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please e‐mail Santosh Shrestha at s.shrestha@unsw.edu.au.