THE MODEL OF PERSONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY AS A COMPLEX PHENOMENON
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University, Savchenko Olena 
Published: March 2021

Increasing number and frequency of threatening factors that occur in the world raises the issue of the necessity to study psychological security as a complex phenomenon that combines a number of components, determines human behavior in uncertain and threatening situations. The article analyzes the main approaches to the study of personality`s psychological security as a separate psychological phenomenon: 1) the study of the behavior of the safe type of personality; 2) the analysis of security as a characteristic of the environment where an individual grows and interacts; 3) axiological approach broadcasting of the safe living values; 4) a comprehensive psychological approach. The authors propose to consider the personality`s psychological security as a complex personal formation that combines motivational, cognitive, emotional and behavioral components that ensure the resilience of an individual to environmental factors, the optimal level of their functioning and the integrated type of interaction with the world, other individuals, themselves. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of personality`s psychological security, to analyze its internal structure. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach. The following diagnostic methods were used in the study: the method "Diagnosis of the degree of basis needs satisfaction" (V. Skvorczov, modification by I. Akindinova), "Scale of basic beliefs" (R. Janoff-Bulman, adaptation by O. Kravczova), test-questionnaire "Sensitivity to threats" (V. Maralov, E. Maly`sheva, O. Nifontova, E. Perchenko, I. Tabunov), test-questionnaire "Identifying of the ways of responding to situations of danger" (V. Maralov, E. Maly`sheva, O. Smirnova, E. Perchenko, I. Tabunov). The study has been conducted on the sample of 43 university students in Kyiv (Ukraine). A proposed conceptual model of personality`s psychological security combines 4 components: 1) the need for security (motivational component); 2) beliefs about the security of the world and one's own ability to interact constructively with others (cognitive component); 3) experiencing one's own security (emotional component); 4) readiness to activate self-defense tactics in the threatening situation (behavioral component). The use of factor analysis (Principal components method, Varimax normalized rotation procedure) has allowed to identify 3 independent factors that explain 68.6% of the total variance. The following components have been identified: motivational-cognitive, emotional-behavioral (constructive), destructive behavioral component that confirms the importance of behavioral aspects of psychological security, which reflect the means of human interaction with the world and other people in situations of real or imagined threat. The results of the application of correlation analysis have revealed the independence of the three components of personality`s psychological security. A general indicator that reflects the development level of psychological security as a complex phenomenon has been introduced. Students who demonstrate a high level of psychological security have the following characteristics: adequate satisfaction of the need for security, positive beliefs about the goodness of the world and the reliability of others, high sensitivity to threats, they often use adequate or uncertain means of responding to threats, try to avoid the anxious and ignoring behavioral strategies in threatening situations.