bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Evaluation Method for Expressway E&M System Operation State Based on AHP-FCE
Authors: Wu Shangdong , Yang Meng
Published: May 2021

Based on an AHP-FCE model, an evaluation method for expressway E&M system operation state is proposed. The evaluation system of E&M system operation state is constructed, and three evaluation indexes, i.e. functional serviceability rate, timely repair rate and replacement repair rate, are extracted by using equipment maintenance data; the weight division of each evaluation index is completed in conjunction with AHP algorithm; an FCE model of expressway E&M system operation state is established, and the operation state evaluation is achieved finally. The analysis results show that the system state evaluation method proposed in this paper can gain an insight into the operation state of E&M system, find out systematic potential safety hazards in time, and provide theoretical support for highway maintenance work.
An Improved MPCC Method Based on the Predictive Delay Error Analysis for PMSM Speed Control System
Authors: Tang Siyuan , Wang Ying
Published: May 2021

Taking permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) as the research object, the model predictive current control strategy (MPCC) was studied. In order to solve the shortcoming that the MPCC strategy depends on the motor prediction model, reduce the prediction error caused by MPCC and enhance the prediction accuracy of the system, an improved MPCC model was constructed by a two-step prediction method. At the same time, compared with the system based on Field-Oriented Control (FOC) and MPCC control and the system based on improved MPCC control, the proposed control strategy can make the PMSM run stably and efficiently, and reduce the torque ripple and the THD value of the three-phase stator resistance current. The simulation results show that the motor system controlled by the method can run stably, and then the correctness and effectiveness of the strategy are verified.
Bi-level Coordinated Optimal Dispatching Method of Power System Considering Renewable Energy Uncertainty and Flexible Load Aggregators
Authors: Chen Yihua , Sun Qianhao , Li Yunhao , Du Zeyu , Guo Bin , Zhang Yao
Published: May 2021

The increase of renewable energy penetration and the diversity of flexible loads in the customer side have posed new challenges to secure and economic dispatching of power system. Based on the concept of load aggregator (LA), we propose a bi-level optimal dispatching model for power system. In order to guarantee the security of power system operation, we propose a bi-level coordinated dispatching method to consider the aggregation of various flexible loads and the uncertainty of renewable energy generation, which can realize efficient and economic dispatch of power system. Numerical results in one test system demonstrate that our proposed dispatching model can reduce the total dispatch cost and LA’s electricity bill simultaneously.
Research and Design of Broadband Power Amplifier with Feedback Structure Based on ADS
Authors: Guo Jiangqi , Yu Jianguo
Published: May 2021

The power amplifier based on the CGH40010 power tube design often needs to improve the circuit structure to ensure the stability due to its poor stability. However, this method often causes problems such as reduced amplifier gain and reduced efficiency. After the design of the input matching circuit and the output matching circuit, it still cannot be effectively improved. This paper proposes a power amplifier design scheme with a feedback structure, which improves the gain and efficiency, and the available bandwidth is effectively broadened.
Design of High Frequency Digital Transceiver in Coastal Radio Station and Shipborne
Authors: Yi Zhongli , Wang Fuzhai , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Jinyu
Published: May 2021

A novel high frequency digital transceiver scheme using audio port as signal modulation and demodulation interface is proposed. The system adding human-computer interaction module, business service module, base station modulation and demodulation module, shipboard modulation and demodulation module, and using advanced modern digital signal processing algorithm to complete signal modulation and demodulation in digital domain, which overcomes the anti-interference ability of analog demodulation circuit poor power, low spectrum utilization, poor user experience and other shortcomings. The simulation results show that when SNR of the baseband is 4.9dB, the BER of the system can reach about 10−4, the design scheme can meet the ITU-R M.2058-0 recommendation and the actual communication requirements.
Segmentation and Reconstruction of Abdominal Multi-tissues Based on Multiple Algorithms and Networks
Authors: Xia Dong , Xu Xu , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2021

Liver cancer has become a major disease that seriously endangers people’s lives and health. In clinical practice, it is necessary to segment the liver, lesions, and other normal organs and tissues in abdominal CT images accurately. However, segmentation of abdominal organs and tissues is a critical and time-consuming process in radiotherapy. Therefore, it is very important to use fully automated and high-precision methods to segment and reconstruct abdominal multi-tissues. This article integrates the automatic recognition process and main segmentation algorithms of skin, bones, intrahepatic blood vessels, liver and lesions. In addition, it supports human-computer interaction to modify the segmentation results, as well as the reconstruction of 3D surface, the measurement of size and volume, and other functions. The threshold segmentation and morphological operations are used in segmentation and reconstruction of skin and bones. And the fuzzy C-means algorithm is utilized in the segmentation and reconstruction of intrahepatic blood vessels. As for the segmentation and reconstruction of liver and lesions, we use convolutional neural network named V-net to accomplish. The experimental results show that the Dice coefficients of the skin and bones segmentation were 98.4% and 92.3%, respectively. The intrahepatic blood vessel segmentation was 78.9%. And the liver and lesions segmentation were 95.4% and 80.4%, respectively. The ensemble algorithm proposed in this paper demonstrated its potential clinical utility in terms of accuracy and time-efficiency.
Networked FDA-MIMO radar positioning to suppress dense false target jamming
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Yana , Lv Mingjiu , Zhang Xiuwei , Xia Bin , Xie Dang
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the dense false target jamming, the existing research does not consider the problems of true and false target identification and position estimation at the same time. A method of dense false target jamming suppression is proposed based on multiple-input multiple-output frequency diverse array (FDA-MIMO) radar network, which makes full use of the different characteristics of true and false targets in the space-time two-dimensional range distribution. It discriminates true and false targets and locates true targets and jamming sources in transmit-receive two-dimensional frequency domain. Then other radars in the information sharing network are instructed to silence sector at the location of the jamming source to reduce the jamming power into the radar. The netting radars capabilities of target detection and jamming suppression are improved by this method.
A Measurement Method for Wide-frequency Harmonic Signal in Power Grid Based on Window Interpolation FFT and RLS-Adaline Neural Network
Authors: Peng Jiawei , Pan Shuguo , Wang Wenxiu , Zhang Min , Shen Jian , Gao Wang , Xia Chenglin
Published: May 2021

With the increase of non-linear loads in power grid and the development of power electronics, the growing serious harmonic pollution has put forward higher requirements for the accuracy and real-time performance of the measurement method. For this problem, this paper proposes a wide-frequency harmonic signal measurement method based on window interpolation FFT and adaptive neural network. After the window function is selected, the frequency of harmonic is estimated by double-spectrum-line interpolation algorithm based on three-term third derivative Nuttall window, and then the smoothed frequencies are input into RLS-Adaline neural network to estimate the amplitude and phase of each harmonic. The simulation results show that the proposed method has higher measurement accuracy and stability under few data conditions and low signal-to-noise ratios than conventional window interpolation algorithms. High accuracy measurement of harmonics with short time window in the range of 0∼2.5kHz is effectively realized.
Clever Ant Colony System for Key Covering Problem in the Group Rekeying
Authors: Hong Sunyan , Adu Jianhua , Zhang Yunfei
Published: May 2021

The key covering problem (KCP) in the group rekeying for secure multicast communication is NP-Hard. We try to introduce the ant colony optimization (ACO) idea to solve the KCP, but the KCP can’t be solved directly by the existing ant algorithms. So we design a new kind of heuristic algorithm, called clever ant colony system (CACS), for the KCP. Firstly, we establish a map from a secure multicast group to an auxiliary key graph (AKG). Secondly, according to the idea of the ant colony system (ACS), we design the CACS over AKG. Finally, using simulation, we verify that the CACS is feasible and keeps high performance with a very short time.
Two Stream Convolution Fusion Network based on Attention Mechanism
Authors: Chen Shengbo , Wang Yuzhi , Lei Zhou
Published: May 2021

Due to the intuitiveness and low cost of image data, action recognition based on image data has always been the focus of action recognition research. The most of studies show that spatio-temporal two-stream network has very superior performance in the field of action recognition. However, traditional two-stream convolutional model needs multiple training, and the method of fusion two-stream models is too simple. In this research, a new two stream convolution fusion model is proposed, which can train our model end-to-end. At the same time, the basic model of spatio-temporal flow model is replaced by CBAM_Resnet. The model is improved on the basis of resnet_101, which gives weight to channel and spatial features, so as to improve the performance of the model. In this paper, the RGB image and the optical flow in X and Y directions are taken as the input features of the fusion network, and the final classification result of the model is obtained. Our method is validated on HMDB51 datasets, and the experimental results show that the accuracy of our model is improved by 4%.
Application of the green port technology
Authors: Guo Xu , Ren Haidong , Jiang Tao
Published: May 2021

Green development is the future development direction of the port, and the foundation of green port construction is the application of new technology. This paper introduces the key technology ( Application of high voltage shore power, Large scale application of RTG oil to electricity, Application of intelligent and precise dust suppression technology in coal terminal) applications of several types of green port development, and provides suggestions for the future development of the port.
Distance-based Human-Object Interaction Detection
Authors: Li Weifeng , Yang Hongbing , Lei Zhou , Niu Dawei
Published: May 2021

In our lives, the interactions between humans and objects around them are happening all the time. The purpose of human-object interaction(HOI) detection is to locate humans and objects in a visual scene and infer the type of interaction between the two. Most of the HOI detection works infer the interaction type from two aspects: spatial features and visual features. We adopt the same strategy as them, but in the stage of extracting spatial features, we believe that the relationships between human body parts and objects are very important. We choose distance as a standard to measure the relationship between body parts and objects, and add it to the process of extracting spatial features, then use the refined spatial features to further extract visual features. Our experimental results on the V-COCO dataset show that our new model based on distance is effective. Compared with other methods, the accuracy of our model is significantly improved.
Phased array radar system design based on single-send and multiple-receive for LSS-UAV target
Authors: Shen Jing , Xie Jinhua , Yu Xuewei , Pan Xuefeng
Published: May 2021

In order to improve the precision of radar target positioning, the phased array frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system based on single-send and multiple-receive is proposed for low altitude, slow speed, small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (LSS-UAV) target. The much lower-cost passive electronically scanned array (PESA) radar technology has been employed for the azimuth electronically scanning. In addition, wide beam scanning beam of elevation direction is used to further expand the range of space coverage. Phase-comparison method is adopted to high-precision angle measurement of elevation direction in interferometer angle measurement system with dual distributed receivers. As a result, the novel radar system possesses the abilities of Doppler velocity measurement and linear FMCW distance measurement, as well as the high precision angle measurement at the same time. It can provide long distance, wide range, all-weather/time detection accurate target location information for optical system and electronic interception system to detect LSS-UAV targets for some more cost-sensitive applications in the homeland security market.
Short-term load forecasting based on depth measurement information
Authors: Xu Jian , Ma Gang , Shan Xin , Wang Yi
Published: May 2021

According to the predicted time span, the power load forecasting problem can be roughly divided into long-term and short-term forecasting. Among them, ultra-short-term load forecasting generally outputs load changes in the next few minutes to for on-line monitoring of power equipment, while short-term load forecasting mainly refers to pre-day load forecasting and pre-week load forecasting. It provides reference for hydropower dispatching, unit start and stop, water-fire coordination and so on, and is the basic work needed for the daily operation of power grid. In this paper, long and short memory networks network is used to predict short-term load, and depth measurement information is used as neural network input to construct mapping relationship based on load sequence timing.
Research on Gating Scheduling of Time Sensitive Network Based on Constraint Strategy
Authors: Dai Jialin , Wang Zhongcheng , Zhong Long
Published: May 2021

With the continuous development of industry, information and intelligence have gradually become the keywords of industrial control. In modern industrial scenarios, more and more devices are connected to the factory network, and the complex network environment will greatly affect the end-to-end transmission performance of key control flows, which brings a huge impact to those high-precision control signal transmissions. With the development of Time Sensitive Network (TSN) in recent years, more and more people have introduced this technology to the field of industrial control. In this paper, we propose a scheduling scheme based on constraint strategy for the key technology of TSN—Time Aware Shaper (TAS). This scheme can derive the appropriate network constraint strategy and optimization scheme of network resource utilization according to the end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) of multiple key data streams in the network, and finally obtain the configuration scheme of Gate Control Lists (GCLs).
Low-cost design of a PCB imaging system based on laser triangulation
Authors: An Wanqing , Su Xinming , Liu Xiaoning , Zhu Xi
Published: May 2021

With the increasing miniaturization of electronic products, fanless design is required. The volume of electronic components, especially the height, is critical to the structural design of electronic devices. This paper proposes the design of on-line height measurement equipment based on commercial charge-coupled device (CCD), analyses the principle of height measurement of components, and explains the system composition and working principle of the measurement system. Moreover, it presents a comparative analysis of common methods for determining the center position, which include circle fitting, the gray centroid and extended method or Gaussian fitting, which generally lead to diverse results. The experimental results show that Gaussian fitting is better than other methods under realistic conditions, a three-dimensional model of the components is provided, and the error factors that affect measurement are analyzed.
Delay optimization strategy based on aperiodic traffic in time-sensitive networking
Authors: Wang Zhongcheng , Dai Jialin , Zhong Long
Published: May 2021

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a cluster of protocols working in the data link layer of the OSI reference model, which has been introduced into the industrial Internet due to its ability to ensure the deterministic transmission of data. Through IEEE 802.1AS clock synchronization and IEEE 802.1 Qbv gating mechanism, TSN networks allocate separate transmission time slots for periodic signals to ensure low delay and jitter, but this increases the delay of aperiodic stream to some extent. In this paper, a scheduling scheme of Grouping transmission is proposed. By changing the sending time of periodic data stream, the periodic data stream which is originally continuously transmitted is divided into several groups to be transmitted in different time periods in a cycle, so as to reduce the real-time aperiodic data stream delay. Experimental results show that the proposed scheduling scheme can reduce the transmission delay of the non-periodic traffic without affecting the quality of service (QoS) of the periodic traffic.
Impact of Program/Erase Cycles, Total Ionizing Dose and Data Bake on Data Retention of 55nm SONOS Flash
Authors: Guo Xuanchen , Yue Suge , Li Jiancheng , Zhou Tao , Zha Qichao
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the data retention capability of 55nm SONOS Flash under the worst condition is studied by superimposing experiments of program/erase cycles, total ionizing dose (TID) and data bake. The results show that after 100k program/erase cycles and data bake, the data retention of the memory transistor is basically not affected. After 100k program/erase cycles, 200Krad(Si) TID and data bake, the data retention of the SONOS memory transistor is mainly reflected in the radiation-induced charge leakage. If the data is rewritten after TID, irradiation has basically no impact on its data retention capability.
Truncated total variation image denoising model based on fractional B-spline wavelet
Authors: Sun Zefang , Ji Dongjiang , Yang Shidi
Published: May 2021

In order to suppress the noise and keep the clear structure, edges and details of the image under noisy images, a truncated total variation (truncated TV) image denoising model based on the fractional wavelet domain is proposed. The fractional B-spline wavelet can well describe the features of fractional singularity such as fine textures in the image. The truncated TV model is based on the TV model, which solves the shortcomings of the TV model’s large penalty amplitude and reduced image contrast. The model first performs the fractional B-spline wavelet transform on the image, applies truncated TV to the fractional wavelet domain to process the image, and then performs the inverse transform of the fractional B-spline wavelet transform to obtain the denoised image. The experimental results of image noise reduction show that compared with some existing image noise reduction methods, the proposed noise reduction model can effectively suppress noise and maintain the structure and details of the image. The application of the model to other fields in the future remains to be studied.
A Real-time Multi-target tracking method based on Deep Learning
Authors: Sun Sitong , Wang Yu , Piao Yan
Published: May 2021

In view of complex model and poor real-time performance of current multi-target tracking algorithms, a real-time online multi-target tracking method based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, the detector is used to detect the target in video image space and obtain its detection frame. After that, the position, coordinates and motion of the next frame of the target are predicted by the Kalman filter. Then Complete Intersection over Union (CIOU) is used as the distance measure to calculate the overlap between the detection box and the prediction box, and further generate the similarity matrix. Finally, the Hungarian algorithm finds optimal matching in the bipartite graph formed by the two boxes, so as to realize the data association between multiple targets. Experimental evaluation shows that this method finishes real-time and online multi-target tracking well.
A fuel-based method for updating mobile source emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Harkins Colin , McDonald Brian C , Henze Daven K , Wiedinmyer Christine
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdown of many US States resulted in rapid changes to motor vehicle traffic and their associated emissions. This presents a challenge for air quality modelling and forecasting during this period, in that transportation emission inventories need to be updated in near real-time. Here, we update the previously developed fuel-based inventory of vehicle emissions (FIVE) to account for changes due to COVID-19 lockdowns. We first construct a 2020 business-as-usual (BAU) case inventory and adjust the emissions for a COVID-19 case using monthly fuel sales information. We evaluate cellular phone-based mobility data products (Google COVID-19 Community Mobility, Apple COVID-19 Mobility Trends) in comparison to embedded traffic monitoring sites in four US cities. We find that mobility datasets tend to overestimate traffic reductions in April 2020 (i.e. lockdown period), while fuel sales adjustments are more similar to changes observed by traffic monitors; for example, mobility-based methods for scaling emissions result in an approximately two-times greater estimate of on-road nitrogen oxide (NO
x
) reductions in April 2020 than we find using a fuel-based method. Overall, FIVE estimates a 20%–25% reduction in mobile source NO
x
emissions in April 2020 versus BAU, and a smaller 6%–7% drop by July. Reductions in April showed considerable spatial heterogeneity, ranging from 6% to 39% at the state level. Similar decreases are found for carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds. Decreases to mobile source NO
x
emissions are expected to lower total US anthropogenic emissions by 9%–12% and 3%–4% in April and July, respectively, with larger relative impacts in urban areas. Changes to diurnal and day-of-week patterns of light- and heavy-duty vehicular traffic are evaluated and found to be relatively minor. Beyond the applicability to modelling air quality in 2020, this work also represents a methodology for quickly updating US transportation inventories and for calibrating mobility-based estimates of emissions.
Historical evolution and future trend of Northern Hemisphere snow cover in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
Authors: Zhu Xian , Lee Shao-Yi , Wen Xiaohang , Wei Zhigang , Ji Zhenming , Zheng Zhiyuan , Dong Wenjie
Published: May 2021

Historical snow cover over the Northern Hemisphere was examined in the satellite-based NOAA-CDR data for the period of 1970–2019. Observed annual snow cover fraction (SNF) has reduced over most areas by up to 2%/decade, while annual snow cover area (SCA) has reduced by 2 × 105 km2/decade. However, SCA in the October–December season has increased by about 5 × 105 km2/decade. CMIP5 and CMIP6 historical experiments were validated against the NOAA-CDR data. Snow cover was generally well simulated in both CMIPs, with CMIP6 models performing better. The biases in SCA reduction were larger and smaller during summer and winter, respectively. The observed increase of October–November–December SCA in the 2000s was not reproduced. Climate projections of future snow cover were evaluated in CMIP6. SNF is projected to decrease in the next 80 years, under all four scenarios evaluated (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585). The higher the greenhouse emissions in the shared socio-economic pathways, the faster the reduction. Under the SSP585 scenario, the rate of SCA reduction is projected to exceed −1.2 × 106 km2/decade. By 2081–2100, annual (January–March) SCA is projected to decrease by more than 30% (20%). Under the SSP126 scenario, annual (January–March) SCA is projected to only reduce by about 10% (5%) relative 1995–2014 values. The reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions is critical to controlling the loss of snow cover; future snow cover only stabilizes under the SSP126 scenario, but continue to decrease under the other three scenarios.
Microbial Technique for The Production of Growth Regulator Compounds Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and Its Role on The Rooting and Growth of Bougainvillea Spectabilis L. Stem Cuttings
Authors: Abd I. A. , Meklef A. A. , Neamah S. I.
Published: May 2021

The study included the application of microbial techniques to convert sesbanin and soybean seed powder into indole bio-compounds by using 3 bacterial isolates: Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus.megaterium obtained from the microbiology laboratories at the Center for Desert Studies. Peptone 1%, Then it was used alone, in pairs, or in combination to produce the indole butric acid (IBA) growth regulator compounds, using a medium containing locally prepared materials that included the dry powder of soybean seeds and sesbanin seeds. It also tested the ability of isolates to dissolve phosphate compounds and produce iron-chelating compounds. The results showed the ability of B. megaterium A. chroococcum isolates together to produce indole compounds at a rate of 182.3 mg L-1 when using a mixture of sesbanin seed powder and soybeans. The highest product rate of bio-indole compounds was 67.9 mg L−1with the use of a mixture of soybean seed powder and sesbanin medium.While the highest product rate reached 103.33 mg L−1by using the two isolates mixture of B. megaterium and A. chroococcum together. Also, P. putida, B. megateriumand, A. chroococcum isolates were found are able to produce iron-chelating compounds (+++, ++, ++) according to the sequence. These isolates B. megaterium, P. putida and A. chroococcum were found ability to dissolve phosphate compounds with average dissolving diameter of 10.43, 29.9 and 29.6 mm, respectively. The ability of the Bio-IBA growth regulator product was tested with or without cells isolates compared to industrial IBA at concentrations of 300 and 600 mg L-1 to influence some growth cutting of Bougainvillea spectabilis L. The results showed a significant effect on some growth characteristics such as germination percentage, number and area of leaves per plant, branch length and number of branches of the plant.
The Effect of Some Nitrogen Fertilization Practices and Tillage Systems on Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop within The Conditions of The Sedimentary Plain in Iraq
Authors: Al-Bayati A. H. , Ziydan B. A. , Al-Enzy A. F. M.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib in silty loam texture soil classified as Typic Torrifluvents, as a factorial experiment in split-split plot designs with four replicates. Tillage treatment input in the main blocks, By dividing the field into three sections, the first was left without a tillage (T0), the second was plowed a surface plowing to a depth of 12 cm (T1), while the last section of the field plowed with moldboard plow was used at operating depth of 25 cm (T2). The Nitrogen fertilization was added as the following: Ground addition (N1) included the addition of 125 Kg N ha-1 in two batches were added, first at the second irrigation after germination the wheat crop Ibaa 99 variety (broadcasting) and the second batch at the stage of expulsion of spikes, while the second treatment (N2) was foliar applied on the plant with the same amount above, as well as the third treatment (untreated control) no-Nitrogen fertilizer added (N0).At the end of the experiment after harvesting the following characteristics were studied: plant length, number of strokes, vegetative system weight, grain yield, weight of 1000 grains. Soil bulk density and the Mean weighted diameter of soil aggregate’s for depths of 5-0, 10-5, 20-10, 30-20, and 30-40cm, and we measured the mean weighted diameter and volumetric distribution of soil aggregates by dry sieving method, also the water infiltration.The results showed that the tillage method had significant effect on the soil bulk density values of the soil after preparing the land for cultivation. Also, there were significant differences between tillage treatments in this property values after harvesting. While there was a significant effect of nitrogen fertilization in increasing the soil mean weighted diameter values as affected by tillage when compared with the control treatment (without nitrogen addition), the Nitrogen fertilization resulted a significant increase in the studied wheat crop growth indicators in both tillage treatments T1 and T2. Within two the Nitrogen addition methods N1 and N2 compared to the control treatment for both treatments. In addition, there was a significant effect for interaction for the two studied treatments on the overlap of both factors in the studied growth indicators. Also Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on wheat yield content (seed yield, 1000 grain weight and protein content in grains) due to reduce tillage and nitrogen fertilization was reflected in the increase of yield.
Effect of Sawdust Extract, Wetting and Drying Cycles on of Aggregates Soil Stability and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Al-Mohamdi M. S. H. , Al-Nuaymy W. S. S.
Published: May 2021

A laboratory experiment was conducted, in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture-University of Anbar, for disturbed soil samples taken from one of the fields in the previous College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, latitude 33.2 south, and longitude 44.24 east. Wooden sawdust extract (WSE) was added to soil in 5, 10, and 15% levels in an equivalent proportion of soil organic matter (SOM) content for nine cycles of wetting-drying (WDC). A factorial three replications experimental design was statistically analyzed. A significant increase was noticed in the mean weighted diameter (MWD) of soil at fast wetting, where it raised for 5, 10, and 15% WDS levels. The interaction was significant in the second WDC for the same WSE levels in comparison with zero addition treatment where they were 123.62 and 173 % respectively, meanwhile 10 and 15 % WSE levels significantly superior to 5% level by 38 and 69 %. Whereas slow wetting MWD gradually to be 37 and 86% starting from third till ninth WDC successively compared to second WDC. The effect of WDCs on the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) of aggregates greater than 9.5mm was significant in this trait, as it increased by 13, 8, 13, 19, 18, and 18% for the 2ed, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and last WDC, respectively. It also found a clear effect of the add-on levels in the saturated water conductivity (SWC) within 9.5 – 4 mm aggregates. There was a significant increase in equivalent add-on levels of 5, 10, and 15% with 8.4, 32.9, and 74.2% successively. There was a significant increase of 5, 10, and 15% equivalent addition levels of 8.4, 32.9, and 74.2% respectively compared to the level of non-addition of WSE extract. Soil samples tested with an electron scanning microscope, the samples to which WSE were added became granular and aggregated surfaces, while the untreated samples were smooth, with no granular surfaces and sharp edges.
Impact of Date Residues, Humic Acid and The Level of Irrigation in Growth and Yield of Onions (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Al-Shamary W. F. A. , Alkhateb B. A. A. H. , Abd Al-Jabbar M. S. , Kahlel A. S.
Published: May 2021

A field experiment was carried out in Anbar Governorate, Heet city, during December 2018 to May 2019 in sandy clay loamy soil .The experiment included three factors : Date residues were added at two levels (0 and 5%) of soil weight mixed with the soil, Humic acids was added to the soil in three levels (0, 15 and 30 kg ha−1 ),The amount of irrigation 100 % and 50% of the net irrigation depth calculated from the measurements of the American type A evaporation basin were added. Study factors were distributed according to the split -split plot design within RCBD with three replications. The results showed that the study parameters had a significant effect on the values of plant height, fresh weight of leaves, number of leaves, average bulb weight and total bulbs yield. The highest values of plant height, number of tube leaves, average weight of bulb, and total bulbs yield were 78.3 cm, 25.0, 85.0 gm and 30.82 ton ha-1 respectively when adding 5% of date residues and the humic level was 15 kg ha-1 and irrigation water 100% compared to 27.1 cm and 3.0, 26.1 gm and 2.0 ton ha-1 when date residues are not added, and a humic level of 0 kg ha-1 and the amount of irrigation water 5 0%. The bilateral and triple interaction between the three factors also show a significant effect on some plant traits.
Spatial Distribution of The Elements and Assessment of The Status of Macro Elements in The Soils of Some Agricultural Districts within Al-Ramadi
Authors: Hassan M. A. , Sarheed B. R. , Yaqub M. T.
Published: May 2021

This experiment was conducted to find a fertility case study to evaluate NPK elements in Ramadi city boundary. The experiment was carried out in Al-Bouabid, Al-Hamidiyah, Al-Tal`a, Al-Bu`asaf, Tawi, Tal Mashaid, Zwaijir and Zankoura in Anbar Governorate, the land usesed were planted with wheat, Alfalfa, citrus and palm trees for the 2019-2020 season. the samples taken to objective fertility analyzes for depths of (0-30) cm and (30-60) cm, where the results of the spatial distribution of NPK levels in the soils of the study areas showed that The spatial distribution of nitrogen and depth (0-30) cm showed total nitrogen content ranged between (0.441-1.439%). As for phosphorus, its content in the study areas ranged between (0.203-9.79) mg. Kg-1 and the level form Low by 100%, while the potassium content of soils in the studied areas was between (24.2-224) mg. kg-1, and the level was low about 82.13%, while the medium variety constituted 17.86% of the study areas. The results of the spatial distribution of nitrogen and depth (30-60) cm total nitrogen content ranged between (0.37-1.78) % and the person of the levels high and very high in the study areas, while the phosphorus content was between (0.215-17.3) mg. The two levels are Low and Medium, while the soil’s potassium content was between (26-234) mg. Kg -1 and it was within two levels, namely Low and medium.
Kinetics of Phosphorus Adsorption in The Calcareous Soils of Kurdistan Region, Iraqi
Authors: Tariq F. S. , Abdulrahman C. H. , Rasheed M. S.
Published: May 2021

Phosphorus is the second macronutrient which is vital for plants normal growth. In the calcareous soils, the adsorption is the main process that controls P availability to plants. This paper reviews the P adsorption phenomenon in the calcareous soils of Iraqi Kurdistan. In this study, the P adsorption capacity of the selected soils was determined by adding 10 mL of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg P L-1 as (KH2PO4) to 1.0 g of soil and shaken for 12, 24 and 48 hours on horizontal shaker constantly. The suspensions at each period of incubation centrifuged and filtered then 1nalysed for P which represented the equilibrium P concentration. The minimum adsorption 4.42±0.44 mg kg-1 was recorded for soil4 with 50 mg P L-1 applied solution and 12 h of incubation while the maximum adsorption 124±0.05 mg Kg-1 was recorded for soil3 with 200 mg P L-1 applied solution at 48 h of incubation. These results indicate that P adsorption increased with increasing applied amount of P and time of incubation. Results also showed that the Freundlich model was the best fitted according to the greater values of R2 which was ranged from 0.7619 to 0.9984 compared to 0.738-0.9882 for Langmuir model and 0.7171-0.9986 for Temkin model. These results also suggest that in the studied soils P adsorbed through physical adsorption rather than chemical reaction and then decrease P availability in soil.
Evaluation of Langmuir and Frendlich isotherm equation for Zinc Adsorption in some calcareous soil of Erbil province north of Iraq.
Authors: Akrawi H. S. Y. , Al-Obaidi M. A. , Abdulrahman Ch. H.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study soil samples were to investigate of Zinc concentrations on the mechanism of adsorption phenomena in four calcareous soils (Choman, Qoshtepe, Herir, and Soran) from Erbil North Iraq classified (calciorthids). Isotherm adsorption was studied by using the Batch technique, 2 g soil was shaken with 40 ml 0.01M CaCl2 containing Zn concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 mg Zn l-1 for 24 hours at 298K. Zn adsorption under isotherm reaction 298K. The adsorption data were described by using Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The results showed that the concentration of adsorption was increased by an increase of Zn level added to Soils. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity of Zn was higher in Qoshtepe, Herir Soils. 666 mg kg−1 while the lower value was recorded in Soran soil. Bonding energy was higher in Soran 0.4050 mg L−1, while the lower value was recorded in Choman Soils. 0.0184 mg L-1 soil MBC was higher in Soran Soil. 134.87 mg kg−1 while the lower value was recorded in Choman 7.65 soil, also the results showed that reaction was spontaneous with Negative free energy, were higher in Soil. -2.16 while the lower value was recorded in Herir soil -1.94 joule.mole−1.degree-1 for Soil. And RL value was higher in Choman Soil 0.71, while the lower value was recorded in Soran soil 0.32. The values of qm constant Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R isotherm) which is the adsorption capacity mol g−1 ranged from -2.3007 to -3.6758
Comparison between The Measured and Predicted moisture contents as affected By Some Soil Improvements
Authors: Hassan H. M. , Al-Jawadi L. M.
Published: May 2021

Predicted equation were used for best fitting between measured and calculated moisture contents of two soils texture located at Ninevah governorate under the effect of soil improvements . Soil samples were sieved by 2 mm sieves and saturated to measure the soil moisture characteristic curve of 10, 33,100, 200,400, 600,800,1000 and 1500 Kpa. By using both pressure plates and membrane and pressure compared its value by using predicted equations. Results indicated that the values of both Θs and Θr were highest of P3O0 treatment for the clay texture compared with the loamy texture soil.The values of m, n and α of VanGenuchetn equation. for the first location were lower than the second to location and the value of n was higher than both m and α.The value of a of Van&Mua was higher than bmfor the first location than the second one.The value of a of Van&Bur equal to a value of Van&Mua .while b and bˉ were variable and b was lower than bˉ for both locations. The values of a, c and hr were higher for P3O2 treatment of Fred &Xing .compared with the lower values of P0O0 for both location, On the other hand,the a value of Pere&Fred was equal to the same value of both Van&Mua and Van&Bur and the b value equal to Van&Bur and c value was variable and similar to m values of VanGenuchetn .Best fitting between the measured and calculated values at higher suction by Fredlund & Xing equation for both location and at lower suction by (VanGenuchetn, Van&Mua, Van&Bur and Pere&Fred ). Equation VanGenuchetn gave best first to the measured value at 33 Kpa for the second location.while equation Van & Bur gave best first at 100-400 Kpa for both location and Pere&Fred at 33 Kpa for first location.
Evaluation of The Efficiency of Date Seeds as a Carrier of PGPR Inoculants Under Different Storage Temperature
Authors: Thwaini Q. S. , Abed I. A. , Alrawi A. A.
Published: May 2021

Two isolates of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria were used in this experiment, After confirming that these strains belong to Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescence by using agronomic and morphological characteristics, these strains were grown on slants and transferred to liquid broth (NB) in the rotary shaker to prepare mother (starter) culture which contains 31 x 108, 37 x 108 CFU.ml-1 for each strain. Date palm seeds were used as a carrier for these strains, which had two types (the seeds of Rutab dates and the seeds of the molasses date), these strains were mixed with 10 g for each type of date palm seeds and then divided into two groups. The first group was stored at 4° c and the second group was stored at 25° c for 120 days. Survival cells were counted for each microbial combination every 30 days of storage. The results showed the ability of the date seeds material of both types to maintain the density of the bacterial inoculum, whether B. megaterium or P.flourescence throughout the storage period of 120 days. The combination of S3 retained the highest population density of the inoculum cells after 120 days of storage, for both storage grades 4 and 25° c recording log 7.37 and 7.93 CFU/g, While the combination S2 recorded the lowest microbial density of the inoculum cells which was log 6.25 and 6.32 cfu/g. The date seed (al-Rutab, molasses) maintained a constant level of decrease in the numbers of live cells of the Pseudomonas fluorescence (S3, S4) at both storage degrees, the percentage of reduction was 22 and 16% respectively at the end of period storage, as for B. megaterium the combination S1 and S2 were recorded 18 and 30%.
Chemical Analysis of Fig Transplants Cv Wazeri Under With Cutting Type and Humic Acid
Authors: Alani M. H. I. , Al-Dulaimy A. F. Z. , Sekhi Y. S. , Almehemdi A. F.
Published: May 2021

Lath house trial was laid out at dept of horticulture and landscape gardening, college of agriculture, university of anbar, IRAQ to know Effects of cutting type and humic acid fertilizing on Wazeri fig transplants . Factorial experiment was done using random complete block design RCBD (3x3) with three replicates as three cuttings per experimental unit. during the growing season 2018. Cuttings have been cultured on Jan. 20th, 2018 and then humic was applied to culture media on the following times (Apr. 20th, Jul. 20th and Oct. 20th). Results revealed that All the studied traits have shown significant effect using different types of stem cuttings included (leaf chlorophyll content, branches carbohydrates content and leaf Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium content reached to (249.6 mg.100g−1, 11.73%, 2.58%, 0.75% and 1.44%), respectively. effect of humic fertilization reached significant level of effect for all the studied traits except (leaf phosphorus content) especially(4ml.L−1) Gave the highest results (350.1mg.gm−1, 12.00%, 2.56% and 1.43%) for the traits (leaf chlorophyll content, branch carbohydrates content and leaf Nitrogen and potassium content, respectively. The interaction between both studied factors achieved a significant level in most studied indicators.
Molecular Identification of the Truffles Tirmania pinoyi and Detection of Mycorrhizae Association with the Roots of Wild Helianthemum Species in Western Iraqi Desert
Authors: Alheeti A. A. M. , Muslat M. M. , Theer R. M. , Ayyash L. M.
Published: May 2021

Desert truffles are edible fungi formed beneath the soil surface. They are ecologically native to the ecosystem of the Mediterranean, Eastern and Arab Gulf countries of the arid and semi-arid areas. The western Iraqi desert in Al-Anbar Governorate is an important region for truffle production in Iraq. Contrary to the previous seasons, the 2018-2019 in Iraq was an unprecedented in the abundance of truffles and rain averages, their frequencies. The rains spanned from October of 2018 to the end of May 2019. The sample of truffles in this study were collected from the desert and the markets easily recognized into two forms according to their traditional name, appearance, forming nature, delicacy, color, shape, inner tissue color, texture, smell, and sell price. These types were identified as Tirmania spp. and Terfezia spp. as macro and microscopically examination. Histological inspection of a wild Helianthemum spp. (Rugrug plants) roots showed the association of a mycorrhizal fungus. The BLASTn results for the sequence analyses revealed that the truffles that was morphologically identified as Tarminia spp. showed significant alignment with 1066/1066 (99.32%) identity for Tarminia pinoyi. On the other hand, soil sample obtained from around a truffle was of positive DNA extraction also showed significant alignment with 1038/1038 (99.30 %) identity for Tarminia pinoyi ( MK 478864.1). This finding, reported for the first time detection of the fungal truffles in the desert soil from the outside the ascocarps. In addition the association of mycorrhizal fungi with the wild plants Helianthemum roots that collected directly from the desert was confirmed.
A Comparative Study of Anatomical and Taxonomical of Juniperus Species Grown in Northern Iraq
Authors: Al- Jowary H. S. J. , Al-Sharefy A. A.
Published: May 2021

This comparative anatomical taxonomic study was conducted for 3 species belonging to the genus Juniper of the Cupressaceae family that grow wild in northern Iraq, in 7 sites distributed over the governorates of Nineveh, Dohuk and Sulaymaniyah, and these species are (Juniperus oxycedrus L., Juniperus polycarpos K. Koch and a new species that was recorded for the first time in the Flora of Iraq by the same researchers, which is Juniperus macrocarpa Sibth and Sm.). The study included the chemical separation of wood Maceration, the results showed the variation of the studied species in the dimensions of the tracheids (like length, diameter of the tracheids and wall thickness) and in the Runkel ratio as well as the variation in the dimensions of the Borderd pits. It was possible to diagnose and isolate the two species of J. oxycedrus and J. Macrocarpa that have similar phenotypes, as the species J. macrocarpa had longer, wider and thicker tracheids than those of J. oxycedrus, while the species J. Polycarpos had the lowest average tracheids length, diameter and thickness; Thus, it was isolated from the previous two species. Regarding the Runkel ratio, the results showed that all types of juniper studied are suitable for the manufacture of pulp and paper. And that is because they have Runkel ratios that have fallen within the approved range for the best production and quality of the paper pulp, as the values for the studied species were limited to between (0.425 - 0.922). The lined click diameters were also varied according to species. It was also found that the qualitative characteristics of the tracheids have a prominent role in the diagnosis of the studied species, as they are constant genetic characteristics of the species, as it was found that there are variations in the qualitative characteristics between the studied species, such as the presence of Thickening Helical in the tracheids of J. oxycedrus, in addition to the presence of Dentate in the walls His tracheids and their absence in the other two species, as well as the presence of two rows of bordered pits in the tracheids of juniper, which is called the Biseriate, and their absence in the other two species. It was evident from these results that the anatomical characters of the wood have a great taxonomic importance that contributed to the diagnosis of Juniper species. This is the first time in the Iraqi country that an anatomical diagnostic key has been placed for the wood of Juniperus L. species growing in northern Iraq . The woods of this studied species.