bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreased accuracy of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in diagnosing osteomyelitis in diabetic foot infection patients with severe renal impairment: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Xin , Shen Yiting , Wang Yuying , Li Yang , Guo Shuyu , Liang Yue , Wang Xuanyu , Zhou Siyuan , Hu Xiaojie , Ma Kaiwen , Tian Rui , Fei Wenting , Sheng Yuqin , Cao Hengjie , Que Huafa
Published: March 2022

Background

Rapid diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) could reduce the risk of amputation and death in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is considered the most useful serum inflammatory marker for the diagnosis of DFO. However, whether severe renal impairment (SRI) affects its diagnostic accuracy has not been reported previously.

Objective

To investigate the accuracy of ESR in diagnosing DFO in DFI patients with and without SRI.

Methods

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. From the inpatient electronic medical record system, the investigators extracted demographic information, diagnostic information, and laboratory test results of patients with DFI who had been hospitalized in Longhua Hospital from January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2021. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the interaction between ESR and SRI with adjustment for potential confounders. The area under the curve (AUC), cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, prevalence, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and VassarStats.

Results

A total of 364 DFI patients were included in the analysis. The logistic regression analysis results showed that elevated ESR increased the probability of diagnosing DFO (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75–3.28; adjustedP< 0.001); SRI was not associated with the diagnosis of DFO (adjusted OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 0.40–25.32; adjustedP= 0.271), but it had an obstructive effect on the diagnosis of DFO by ESR (adjusted OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23–0.99; adjustedP= 0.048). ROC analysis in DFI patients without SRI revealed that the AUC of ESR to diagnose DFO was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71–0.81), with the cutoff value of 45 mm/h (sensitivity, 67.8%; specificity, 78.0%; prevalence, 44.7%; PPV, 71.3%; NPV, 75.0%; LR+, 3.08; LR−, 0.41). In contrast, in patients with SRI, the AUC of ESR to diagnose DFO was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.40–0.75), with the cutoff value of 42 mm/h (sensitivity, 95.0%; specificity, 29.2%; prevalence, 45.5%; PPV, 52.8%; NPV, 87.5%; LR+, 1.34; LR−, 0.17).

Conclusions

The accuracy of ESR in diagnosing DFO in DFI patients with SRI is reduced, and it may not have clinical diagnostic value in these patients.
Pandemic trends in health care use: From the hospital bed to self-care with COVID-19
Authors: Methi Fredrik , Hernæs Kjersti Helene , Skyrud Katrine Damgaard , Magnusson Karin
Published: March 2022

Aim

To explore whether the acute 30-day burden of COVID-19 on health care use has changed from February 2020 to February 2022.

Methods

In all Norwegians (N = 493 520) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in four pandemic waves (February 26th, 2020 –February 16th, 2021 (1st wave dominated by the Wuhan strain), February 17th–July 10th, 2021 (2nd wave dominated by the Alpha variant), July 11th–December 27th, 2021 (3rd wave dominated by the Delta variant), and December 28th, 2021 –January 14th, 2022 (4th wave dominated by the Omicron variant)), we studied the age- and sex-specific share of patients (by age groups 1–19, 20–67, and 68 or more) who had: 1) Relied on self-care, 2) used outpatient care (visiting general practitioners or emergency ward for COVID-19), and 3) used inpatient care (hospitalized ≥24 hours with COVID-19).

Results

We find a remarkable decline in the use of health care services among COVID-19 patients for all age/sex groups throughout the pandemic. From 83% [95%CI = 83%-84%] visiting outpatient care in the first wave, to 80% [81%-81%], 69% [69%-69%], and 59% [59%-59%] in the second, third, and fourth wave. Similarly, from 4.9% [95%CI = 4.7%-5.0%] visiting inpatient care in the first wave, to 3.6% [3.4%-3.7%], 1.4% [1.3%-1.4%], and 0.5% [0.4%-0.5%]. Of persons testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 41% [41%-41%] relied on self-care in the 30 days after testing positive in the fourth wave, compared to 16% [15%-16%] in the first wave.

Conclusion

From 2020 to 2022, the use of COVID-19 related outpatient care services decreased with 29%, whereas the use of COVID-19 related inpatient care services decreased with 80%.
Confidence intervals for rainfall dispersions using the ratio of two coefficients of variation of lognormal distributions with excess zeros
Authors: Yosboonruang Noppadon , Niwitpong Sa-Aat , Niwitpong Suparat
Published: March 2022

Rainfall fluctuation is directly affected by the Earth’s climate change. It can be described using the coefficient of variation (CV). Similarly, the ratio of CVs can be used to compare the rainfall variation between two regions. The ratio of CVs has been widely used in statistical inference in a number of applications. Meanwhile, the confidence interval constructed with this statistic is also of interest. In this paper, confidence intervals for the ratio of two independent CVs of lognormal distributions with excess zeros using the fiducial generalized confidence interval (FGCI), Bayesian methods based on the left-invariant Jeffreys, Jeffreys rule, and uniform priors, and the Wald and Fieller log-likelihood methods are proposed. The results of a simulation study reveal that the highest posterior density (HPD) Bayesian using the Jeffreys rule prior method performed the best in terms of the coverage probability and the average length for almost all cases of small sample size and a large sample size together with a large variance and a small proportion of non-zero values. The performance of the statistic is demonstrated on two rainfall datasets from the central and southern regions in Thailand.
Whole genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates sequence type 627 isolated from Egyptian patients
Authors: Enany Shymaa , Zakeer Samira , Diab Aya A. , Bakry Usama , Sayed Ahmed A.
Published: March 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered a threat to public health especially due to multidrug resistance emergence. It is largely oligoclonal based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST); in Egypt, ST 627 was recently detected. Despites the global dissemination of this ST, there is still paucity of information about it. Herein, we used 4 K. pneumoniae ST627 for whole genome sequencing utilizing an Illumina MiSeq platform. Genome sequences were examined for resistance and virulence determinants, capsular types, plasmids, insertion sequences, phage regions, and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) regions using bioinformatic analysis. The molecular characterization revealed 15 and 65 antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, respectively. Resistance genes such as tet(D), aph(3’’)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaTEM-234, fosA, and fosA6; were mainly responsible for tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and fosfomycin resistance; respectively. The capsular typing revealed that the four strains are KL-24 and O1v1. One plasmid was found in all samples known as pC17KP0052-1 and another plasmid with accession no. NZ_CP032191.1 was found only in K90. IncFIB(K) and IncFII(K) are two replicons found in all samples, while ColRNAI replicon was found only in K90. Entero P88, Salmon SEN5, and Klebsi phiKO2 intact phage regions were identified. All samples harbored CRISPR arrays including CRISPR1 and CRISPR2. Our results shed light on critical tasks of mobile genetic elements in ST 627 in antibiotic resistance spreading.
The relationship between happiness and self-rated health: A population-based study of 19499 Iranian adults
Authors: Mohammadi Samira , Tavousi Mahmoud , Haeri-Mehrizi Ali Asghar , Naghizadeh Moghari Fatemeh , Montazeri Ali
Published: March 2022

Background

Health is one of the most important factors that affect happiness. This study aimed to assess the association between happiness and self-rated health among the Iranian adult population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of adults aged 18–65 In Iran in 2020. Demographic information, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and a single item on self-rated health were used to collect the data. The relationship between happiness with demographic variables and self-rated health was examined by performing logistic regression analyses.

Results

In all, 19499 were studied (9845 males and 9654 females). The mean age of participants was 36.38± 8.17 years. The mean happiness score was 4.1± 0.57 (out of 6) and this for self-rated health was 3.66±1.2 (out of 5). The results obtained from logistic regression analysis showed that very poor health status (OR: 5.114, 95% CI, P = 4.490–5.824, p <0.001), poor or very poor income status (OR: 1.553, 95% CI, P = 1.406–1.716, p <0.001), unemployment (OR: 1.704, 95% CI, P = 1.432–2.029, p <0.001), being aged 25–34 years (OR: 1.190, 95% CI, P = 1.088–1.302, p <0.001), and years of education (OR for 10–12 years of education: 1.271, 95% CI = 1.174–1.377, p< 0.001) were significant contributing factors to a lower happiness.

Conclusion

The results showed that self-rated health was the most significant factor that affected happiness even after adjustment for socioeconomic variables, including age, income, employment, and education. Indeed, improving population health might be an effective measure to improve happiness among Iranians.
Hors phénomène ou o trauma do acontecimento
Authors: Costa João Paulo
Published: March 2022

A reflexão que aqui propomos pretende ser somente uma nota introdutória ao pensamento do filósofo francês Emmanuel Falque, a partir da sua última obra Hors phénomène: Essai aux confins de la phénoménalité. Para tal, partiremos dos pontos fundamentais do seu livro, colocando-o no interior do seu já amplo, vigoroso e maturado projecto filosófico. Assim, esperamos mostrar não só a génese de um pensamento denso e criativo no âmbito da filosofia fenomenológica, e para além-dela (para uma ontologia da relação), possivelmente, mas também evidenciar alguns horizontes que está obra poderá abrir no âmbito do pensamento contemporâneo (psicanálise, psicopatologia, estética, teologia…). Aventamos aqui a hipótese de que Hors phénomène constitui, de certo modo, um momento charneira ou de inflexão fundamental no percurso filosófico e intelectual do seu autor. Um conceito pensado e forjado a partir da experiência vivida da radical finitude humana, ou melhor, nos confins de toda a fenomenalidade (doença, separação, morte de um filho, desastre natural, pandemia).
Palatability assessment of prescribed diets on domestic shorthair cats
Authors: Ilias Nazhan , Zaki Ahmad Harris Hakim , Junaidi Awang Hazmi Awang , Fong Lau Seng , Saufi Ikhwan , Ajat Mokrish
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: The value of the pet food industry, which is majorly the prescribed diet, exponentially increased over the years due to increased awareness among pet owners to provide a healthy lifestyle for their pets. However, several factors such as aroma, flavor, texture, and shape of prescribed diets greatly influenced the palatability in cats. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the palatability of the prescribed diet for domestic shorthair (DSH) cats.

Materials and Methods: The two-bowl method was employed to determine the palatability of prescribed diets on five DSH cats for 6 days. Furthermore, the four types of prescribed diet assessed in this study were struvite, renal, hypersensitivity, and intestinal. Furthermore, the pet food palatability was analyzed using “First Approached,” “First Consumed,” “Total Consumption,” and “Intake ratios.”

Results: Our findings revealed that “Total Consumption” and “Intake Ratios” were significantly different in struvite, renal, and intestinal diets compared to the hypersensitivity diet. In addition, this result indicates that the hypersensitivity diet is the most unpalatable compared with other diets.

Conclusion: A detailed investigation of the diet ingredients showed that a hypersensitivity diet lacks herbs and spices than the other diets. Therefore, these ingredients lacking in the hypersensitivity diet influence the palatability of pet foods.
Study of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in captive Asian elephants in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand
Authors: Nokkaew Weerapun , Intarapuk Apiradee , Sakulthai Apichaya , Wajjwalku Worawidh , Thongtip Nikorn
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: Over the past two decades, the number of elephant camps in Thailand has increased considerably, and captive elephants have become more popular within the tourism industry. Tourist activities involving elephant exhibitions and trekking potentially affect animal health and welfare. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between a novel stress biomarker, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM), and various factors (sex, age, weather season, tourist season, and elephant usage patterns), monitoring the fGCM concentration during and after trekking activities ceased.

Materials and Methods: Fecal samples of 20 captive Asian elephants from two camps in Kanchanaburi Province were collected monthly for 1 year. The fGCM concentrations were measured using enzyme immunoassay and evaluated relative to individual demography, season, and tourist trekking activity. The mean differences of fGCMs concentrations were compared by analysis of variance and t-test statistics according to data types with p<0.5.

Results: Significant differences in mean fGCM concentrations were found between age categories (p=0.001), trekking and non-trekking animals (p=0.039), and during and after trekking (p=0.023). The mean fGCM concentration of elephants aged during 0-44 years (136.7 ng/g) was significantly higher than for animals over 44 years old (107.7 ng/g), and the elephant trekking group (144.9 ng/g) was significantly higher than the other group (124.7 ng/g). Within the trekking group, the mean fGCM concentrations gradually declined to 129.13 ng/g within 8 months of trekking cessation.

Conclusion: Elephant's ages and activities co-influenced the variance of fGCM concentrations. In addition, permanent tourist activity, especially trekking, can increase elephant stress. This study's findings can be applied to the health status monitoring of captive elephants and result in improved animal welfare.
Cutaneous metastasis of mammary gland tumor in a dog: a case report
Authors: Choi Hyejoon , Na Hyemin , Lee Sang-Kwon , Bae Seulgi , Oh Taeho , Lee Kija
Published: March 2022

An 8-year-old spayed female, mixed dog presented multiple, bloody exudative skin lesions on the bilateral flank which spread 1 week after mastectomy for treatment of mammary gland tumor (MGT). Multiple, ill-marginated, irregular, and heterogeneously thickened cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions and enlarged lymph nodes were identified in ultrasound and computed tomography. Histopathological examination confirmed adenocarcinoma with lymphatic invasion presumed to be metastatic MGT. Clinical signs improved after chemotherapy but died after 1 month. This study suggests that cutaneous metastasis be considered for differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in dogs with a history of MGT, although skin metastasis from MGT is rare.
Fatal pneumonia caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in a young dog
Authors: Kim Gyeongyeob , Kim Jongho , Lee Hyunkyoung , Kim Ha-Young , Moon Bo-Youn , Lee Yu-Ran , Park Jungwon , So Byungjae , Bae Youchan
Published: March 2022

This paper describes a fatal case of pneumonia in a 14-day-old dog caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). The necropsy showed that almost all of left lobes of the lungs had dark-red consolidation. A histopathology examination revealed moderate acute fibrino-hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia with intralesional bacterial colonies. Non-suppurative epicarditis, congestion in the liver, and necrosis in the white pulp of the spleen also were found. E. coli with cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 and α-hemolysin was isolated from the lung. This case was confirmed to have fatal pneumonia caused by ExPEC that led to a systemic infection.
Многоязычие и «третьи» языки в массовом сознании жителей Республики Татарстан
Authors: Низамова Лилия Равильевна
Published: March 2022

Усиливающаяся мультилингвальность сообществ и индивидов в условиях взаимного влияния разнонаправленных векторов глобализации и локализации актуализирует оценку состояния и перспектив воспроизводства культурного и языкового плюрализма в российском социуме. Необходимость аккомодации дилемм моно- и многоязычия в обществе начала XXI столетия привлекает внимание к поликультурному Поволжью: как и некоторые другие макрорегионы страны, оно отличается соседством национальностей, владеющих русским языком и изучающих иностранные языки, в большей или меньшей степени приверженных своему родному языку и использующих язык соседей в повседневной жизни. В статье внимание сосредоточено на Республике Татарстан, где ценность и практики русско-татарского двуязычия как формы мультилингвизма глубоко укоренены. Вместе с тем, Татарстан — это не только бикультурная татарско-русская, но и поликультурная территория, где признаются и поддерживаются языки других местных народов. На основе массового репрезентативного опроса жителей республики с выборкой 2000 респондентов и серии фокус-групповых обсуждений языковой ситуации в регионе и стране раскрываются установки жителей (представителей двух наиболее многочисленных этнических групп — русских и татар, а также разных типов поселений) в отношении многоязычия, права и обязанности изучать родные языки в школе в условиях нового этапа языковой политики в стране. Разноречивость и определенная поляризованность оценок в отношении многоязычия и «третьих» местных языков конкретизируется данными фокус-групп среди русских, татар и удмуртов г. Казань и сельской местности. Показаны устойчивые репертуары поддержки и критики многоязычия, обоснования нейтральных и сложносоставных позиций жителей по языковому вопросу.
Русскоязычная версия шкалы региональной идентичности
Authors: Кузнецов Александр Евгеньевич , Сычев Олег Анатольевич , Зелянская Наталья Львовна , Белоусов Константин Игоревич
Published: March 2022

В условиях глобализации и растущей межрегиональной миграции региональная идентичность выступает в качестве одного из существенных факторов, требующих учета в социально-психологических исследованиях. Тем не менее приходится констатировать отсутствие русскоязычных инструментов оценки региональной идентичности, отвечающих современным теоретическим представлениям о еe природе. В данном исследовании была разработана русскоязычная версия шкалы региональной идентичности Р. Асуна, К. Суньига и Х.-Ф. Моралеса, включающая четыре субшкалы, с разных сторон характеризующие региональную идентичность: чувство принадлежности региону, идентификация с территорией, культурой и населением региона. Апробация методики проводилась на выборке в 1 027 жителей одиннадцати регионов России (средний возраст M = 33,7; SD = 14; 78% женщин) в ходе бланкового и онлайн-опроса. Результаты конфирматорного факторного анализа подтверждают четырехфакторную структуру опросника при наличии общего фактора региональной идентичности. Показана высокая надежность общего показателя (α Кронбаха = 0,94) и отдельных субшкал (0,78—0,88). Валидность шкалы подтверждается высокой корреляцией с показателем региональной идентичности и умеренной — с показателями российской и общечеловеческой идентичности по методике С. Макфарленда, а также существенными корреляциями с показателями гражданской идентичности по методике С. Роккас. В соответствии с ожиданиями обнаружена зависимость региональной идентичности от возраста и места рождения (в данном или другом регионе), а также от региона проживания (при контроле возраста и места рождения). Таким образом, предложенная методика представляет собой надежный и валидный инструмент, пригодный для исследования региональной идентичности жителей регионов России. 
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено по гранту РНФ № 20-18-00336 «Геоконцептология и региональная идентичность».
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES FROM ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Eucheuma cottonii FROM LEMUKUTAN ISLAND WATERS WEST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Sofiana Mega Sari Juane , Safitri Ikha , Warsidah Warsidah , Helena Shifa , Nurdiansyah Sy Irwan
Published: March 2022

Free radicals contribute to human health problem resulting in various human diseases, including central nervous system injury, cancer, inflammations, and the decrease of organ function related to oxidation. This condition has encouraged the effort of finding new natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory sources. Macroalgae act as excellent natural resources due to their bioactive potential with diverse applications in various fields. Eucheuma cottonii belonging to Rhodophyceae grow abundantly along Lemukutan Island waters, however, their existence has not been exploited. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of E. cottonii from Lemukutan Island waters, West Kalimantan. The observation of antioxidant activity was done using the method of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) with UV-vis spectrophotometer, while anti-inflammatory acyivity activity was determined using the RBCs membrane stability method. The ethanolic extract of E. cottonii had potential antioxidant activity with IC50 of 127.75 ppm and was classified as moderate category. Extracts showed also anti-inflammatory acyivity activity with the concentration of 219.83 ppm. Red macroalgae E. cottonii can be used as potential natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
Analysis of an invented writing system for the Shanghainese language
Authors: Simpson Logan
Published: March 2022

The present study uses qualitative methods to analyze and restore an invented missionary writing system for the Shanghainese language, and uses the restoration to check for historical sound change. The project consists of two parts: the analysis and restoration of the orthography and the confirmation of historical sound changes in Shanghainese. The restoration of the writing system provides all symbols with equivalent International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols. Following the restoration to IPA is an explanation of the rules for combining initial and final symbols to form a single character, as well as rules for tonal distinction. The analysis of the restored orthography compares its development with the academic criteria for orthography development, and finds that it is a sound writing system. The evaluation also reviews the sociolinguistic criteria crucial for orthography acceptance, and shows that the writing system does not meet these criteria in present day Shanghai. The results of the check for historical sound change confirm that many of the sounds not found in present day Shanghainese existed in this writing system. The phones found in this writing system are able to confirm the disappearance or merger of various sounds in Shanghainese since the mid 19th century. Overall, the study shows that the invented writing system is sound, but would not be accepted in Shanghai today. However, it should be reviewed by other linguists as having the possibility to represent other languages.
Digitalisierung und Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Embacher Serge
Published: March 2022

In den letzten Jahren hat in der Zivilgesellschaft eine Diskussion über den Digitalen Wandel begonnen. Die Frage ist, wie eine Gestaltung dieses Wandels im Sinne des Gemeinwohls und jenseits der staatlichen und ökonomischen Logik gelingen könnte. Eine Standortbestimmung kann zunächst dabei helfen, die Verbindung zwischen Praxis und Gestaltung der Digitalisierung zu verdeutlichen. Von hier aus lassen sich strategische Überlegungen für die Zukunft anstellen.
Increasing hardwood kraft pulp yield using sodium methyl mercaptide
Authors: Patil Ravikant , van Heiningen Adriaan
Published: March 2022

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of sodium methyl mercaptide (SMM) as an additive on the minimization of carbohydrate peeling reactions in Rock/Hard Maple (Acer saccharum) chips during kraft pulping. Two methods were evaluated for SMM addition to the pulping process: 1) pre-treatment before pulping and 2) co-addition with white liquor. The experimental results showed about 2.5% (on wood basis) increase in the kraft pulp yield after pre-treatment with 4.38% SMM (on wood basis) or the co-addition of the same amount of SMM with white liquor. The use of 4.38% SMM allowed a decrease in the white liquor effective alkali charge of 3% (on wood basis) to produce the target 14–15 kappa pulp. The 4.38% SMM charge was determined to be the optimum for both pre-treatment and co-addition. The increase in kraft pulp yield was mostly due to increased retention of cellulose (about 0.8% on wood) and xylan (about 1.8% on wood). The retention of glucomannan was insignificant in all cases. Based on the increase in intrinsic viscosity, it is concluded that the increased cellulose yield with SMM addition is caused by both reduced primary peeling and faster delignification rate (less alkaline hydrolysis followed by secondary peeling). The increased xylan retention is due to the lower effective alkali concentration during kraft pulping with SMM addition.
Estimating population-averaged hazard ratios in the presence of unmeasured confounding
Authors: Martínez-Camblor Pablo , MacKenzie Todd A. , O’Malley A. James
Published: March 2022

The Cox regression model and its associated hazard ratio (HR) are frequently used for summarizing the effect of treatments on time to event outcomes. However, the HR’s interpretation strongly depends on the assumed underlying survival model. The challenge of interpreting the HR has been the focus of a number of recent papers. Several alternative measures have been proposed in order to deal with these concerns. The marginal Cox regression models include an identifiable hazard ratio without individual but populational causal interpretation. In this work, we study the properties of one particular marginal Cox regression model and consider its estimation in the presence of omitted confounder from an instrumental variable-based procedure. We prove the large sample consistency of an estimation score which allows non-binary treatments. Our Monte Carlo simulations suggest that finite sample behavior of the procedure is adequate. The studied estimator is more robust than its competitor (Wang et al.) for weak instruments although it is slightly more biased for large effects of the treatment. The practical use of the presented techniques is illustrated through a real practical example using data from the vascular quality initiative registry. The used R code is provided as Supplementary material.
Porter assistance aux assistants: Jean Gerson (1363–1429) et sa postérité dans le domaine des soins de fin de vie
Authors: Mazour-Matusevich Yelena
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the history of palliative care, and examines several relevant documents from the late Middle Ages and Early Modern Era. The study is divided into two parts. The first part explores the contribution of the great theologian of the late Middle Ages Jean Gerson (1363–1429) to the field of end-of-life care, and is based on his texts La médecine de l’âme, Pour l’Hôtel Dieu, Lettre à un inconnu, Lettre à un vieillard, and Nova epistola pro instructione episcoporum et prelatorum. The second part follows Gerson’s legacy in the field of end-of-life care and is based on the texts by important theologians of the second half of the 15th and early 17th centuries.
Music, Ritual and Death in a Windesheim Community in the Early Modern Low Countries
Authors: Wendling Miriam
Published: March 2022

The manuscript B 78741 held in the Erfgoedbibliotheek Hendrik Conscience in Antwerp contains the liturgy for the last rites, death and burial of a religious sister. Copied in the late fifteenth century, this small paper book hides its origins well. However, its Dutch rubrics and Latin texts make clear that the book is for the use of a community of sisters, led by a prioress, with the assistance of a priest. The rituals have aspects in common with those from other communities – the Dominicans, in particular – but they also have some striking differences. In the following article, I compare the music, texts and rituals held in the manuscript with those from known traditions. I argue that the manuscript was made for a community of Augustinian canonesses from the Windesheim congregation, most likely Beata Maria de Galilea in Ghent.
Establishing the Jesuit Province of Mexico: The Development and the Institutions of a Missionary and Educational Province (1572–1615)
Authors: Abascal Pablo
Published: March 2022

The Society of Jesus has been characterized as a global order, as it could adapt to different social and political contexts. The initial purpose of the Jesuit province in New Spain was to convert the Indians to Catholicism. However, when the Jesuits arrived they found that the social diversity of the viceroyalty, particularly the large contingent of Creole inhabitants, made it impossible for them to focus solely on the Indians. Consequently, the Order in New Spain had to forge a path between the orders issued by the King of Spain and the General of the Order based in Rome and the needs of the local inhabitants, which resulted in the Province of Mexico acquiring a missionary and educational character. The main aim of this article is to analyze the foundation and development of the Province of Mexico during the generalates of Everard Mercurian and Claudio Acquaviva by examining the institutions they opened, and the different strategies of education and evangelization that they pursued throughout the viceroyalty. It will pay special attention to the designs of the central powers in Europe, the views points and discussions on education and evangelization by actors in New Spain, and how transatlantic decisions on the Order’s role in the viceroyalty affected the evolution of the province. To do this, the article will discuss three main aspects of the Jesuits’ mission in New Spain, (1) the type of missions and colleges that the Jesuits opened, (2) how Jesuit institutions were shaped according to the group of people that they aimed to evangelize or educate, and in turn (3) how that influenced the languages that the Jesuits taught to the local inhabitants.
Knowledge Communication and the Translation of Devotional Literature within Samuel Hartlib’s Circle
Authors: van de Kamp Jan
Published: March 2022

In earlier research, Stephen Clucas observed a slight decrease in the frequency of theological and religious topics in Hartlib’s Ephemerides, from about 1640 to 1659. However, in Hartlib’s circle during this period and beyond, a serious commitment to collecting and translating English devotional literature into German can be observed. In this article, therefore, I would like to establish from the current state of The Hartlib Papers: 1) what kind of projects were carried out and by whom, 2) how these persons became involved and for how long, and 3) to what extent their work fits into the general aims and methods of members of Hartlib’s circle. From the analysis, it transpires that a network of Palatine men engaged with English devotional books from about 1632/1633 until 1662. These persons used Hartlib’s network as a platform for their projects, which were associated with several of the overall aims and methods of Hartlib’s circle.
An Analysis of the Dissertation on the Conformity of Faith and Reason in G.W. Leibniz’s Theodicy
Authors: Veldman Meine
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes Leibniz’s “Dissertation on the Conformity of Faith and Reason,” which is the preamble to his Theodicy. This dissertation can be considered Leibniz’s candid assertion and defense of the relation and conformity between faith and reason. Despite Leibniz’s very careful and nuanced arguments in favor of a conformity between faith and reason, I attempt to show that reason nonetheless emerges as the predominant principal. In the system of Leibniz faith is primarily a putting in perspective of evil and suffering as they are experienced and appear to the believer. By reason we know better, have superior insight, and are connected to the ultimate cause and essence of things.
Pattern Formation in Thermal Convective Systems: Spatio-Temporal Thermal Statistics, Emergent Flux, and Local Equilibrium
Authors: Chatterjee Atanu , Ban Takahiko , Onizuka Atsushi , Iannacchione Germano
Published: March 2022

We discuss spatio-temporal pattern formation in two separate thermal convective systems. In the first system, hydrothermal waves (HTW) are modeled numerically in an annular channel. A temperature difference is imposed across the channel, which induces a surface tension gradient on the free surface of the fluid, leading to a surface flow towards the cold side. The flow pattern is axially symmetric along the temperature gradient with an internal circulation for a small temperature difference. This axially symmetric flow (ASF) becomes unstable beyond a given temperature difference threshold, and subsequently, symmetry-breaking flow, i. e., rotational oscillating waves or HTW appear. For the second system, Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) is experimentally studied in the non-turbulent regime. When a thin film of liquid is heated, the competing forces of viscosity and buoyancy give rise to convective instabilities. This convective instability creates a spatio-temporal non-uniform temperature distribution on the surface of the fluid film. The surface temperature statistics are studied in both these systems as “order” and “disorder” phase separates. Although the mechanisms that give rise to convective instabilities are different in both cases, we find an agreement on the macroscopic nature of the thermal distributions in these emergent structures.
Parallel wave-based analog computing using metagratings
Authors: Rajabalipanah Hamid , Momeni Ali , Rahmanzadeh Mahdi , Abdolali Ali , Fleury Romain
Published: March 2022

Wave-based signal processing has witnessed a significant expansion of interest in a variety of science and engineering disciplines, as it provides new opportunities for achieving high-speed and low-power operations. Although flat optics desires integrable components to perform multiple missions, yet, the current wave-based computational metasurfaces can engineer only the spatial content of the input signal where the processed signal obeys the traditional version of Snell’s law. In this paper, we propose a multi-functional metagrating to modulate both spatial and angular properties of the input signal whereby both symmetric and asymmetric optical transfer functions are realized using high-order space harmonics. The performance of the designed compound metallic grating is validated through several investigations where closed-form expressions are suggested to extract the phase and amplitude information of the diffractive modes. Several illustrative examples are demonstrated to show that the proposed metagrating allows for simultaneous parallel analog computing tasks such as first- and second-order spatial differentiation through a single multichannel structured surface. It is anticipated that the designed platform brings a new twist to the field of optical signal processing and opens up large perspectives for simple integrated image processing systems.
Crystal structure of alaninato-κ2
N,O-bis(hydroxylamido-κ2
N,O)-oxido-vanadium(V), C3H10N3O5V
Authors: Zhang Heng-Qiang , Juan Xia , Ning Xu , Fang Fu-Jian , Yang Xin , Zheng Xiu-Jun
Published: March 2022

C3H10N3O5V, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.487(2) Å, b = 7.611(3) Å, c = 19.629(8) Å, β = 101.269(11)°, V = 803.9(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0375, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0866, T = 293(2) K.
Efficiency of the European Union farm types: Scenarios with and without the 2013 CAP measures
Authors: Martinho Vítor João Pereira Domingues , Mourao Paulo Reis , Georgantzis Nikolaos
Published: March 2022

The European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) publishes data for the representative farms of several European Union (EU) farm types, regions and countries. In this database, the published data for the farm types allow us to assess several agricultural policies. In fact, the FADN publishes data for the EU farming types and there are not many studies about these fields in the whole European context. This study aims to bring novelty for the whole spectrum of stakeholder types in these domains. The analysis of these impacts may bring relevant insights, especially, for adjustments in the design of future strategies and plans. We analyse the evolution of the EU farm types in the last two decades with significant scenario changes like two large common agricultural policy (CAP) reforms (2003 and 2013) and suggest new approaches to the design for future measures. Statistical information from the FADN over the period 2004–2018 is considered. In addition, efficiency and productivity assessments are carried out, to assess the implications of the most recent instruments of the CAP. The results show that the policy instruments in the framework of the 2013 CAP justify the use of more inputs (or at least at higher costs) for the same level of output. In fact, the subsidies given to the farmers since 2014 mask the inefficiencies underlying some farm types. A significant decrease in the total factor productivity confirmed this trend, despite positive growth rates for the total verified output for several farm types over the period.
Ontologies4Chem: the landscape of ontologies in chemistry
Authors: Strömert Philip , Hunold Johannes , Castro André , Neumann Steffen , Koepler Oliver
Published: March 2022

For a long time, databases such as CAS, Reaxys, PubChem or ChemSpider mostly rely on unique numerical identifiers or chemical structure identifiers like InChI, SMILES or others to link data across heterogeneous data sources. The retrospective processing of information and fragmented data from text publications to maintain these databases is a cumbersome process. Ontologies are a holistic approach to semantically describe data, information and knowledge of a domain. They provide terms, relations and logic to semantically annotate and link data building knowledge graphs. The application of standard taxonomies and vocabularies from the very beginning of data generation and along research workflows in electronic lab notebooks (ELNs), software tools, and their final publication in data repositories create FAIR data straightforwardly. Thus a proper semantic description of an investigation and the why, how, where, when, and by whom data was produced in conjunction with the description and representation of research data is a natural outcome in contrast to the retrospective processing of research publications as we know it. In this work we provide an overview of ontologies in chemistry suitable to represent concepts of research and research data. These ontologies are evaluated against several criteria derived from the FAIR data principles and their possible application in the digitisation of research data management workflows.
GESTÃO PATRIMONIAL DE BENS MÓVEIS: INSTRUMENTO PARA OTIMIZAR CUSTOS E PLANEJAMENTO
Authors: Bernardes José Francisco , Garcia dos Santos Elaine , Tibes Moreira Prochnow Rosana Valéria
Published: March 2022

Neste artigo procura-se apresentar, de forma direta e prática, conceitos e definições a respeito do tema patrimônio. Outras temáticas são inseridas no contexto da gestão patrimonial por se entender que a gestão patrimonial nas organizações públicas e privadas também se utiliza da multidisciplinaridade das ciências para se desenvolver. Como exemplo disso pode-se destacar as tecnologias da informação e da comunicação que deveriam ser utilizadas para o controle patrimonial e deixá-lo totalmente integrado com as ações organizacionais visando a otimização de custos e melhoria dos planejamentos de gestão e de compras futuras. No demais, identificou-se lições aprendidas e tendências de prática patrimoniais que podem servir de exemplo para todas as organizações brasileiras e outros resultado, produtos das pesquisas bibliográfica com ações de análise e descritiva. Espera-se que essa pesquisa agregue valores ou contribua para um debate contínuo sobre a gestão patrimonial brasileira, principalmente no controle de materiais e controle de bens móveis permanentes e para as inovações necessárias e que outras sugestões de melhorar a gestão possam aparecer.
A ESCALA COMUM DE VALORES EM GRUPOS DE APRENDIZAGEM DE ESPANHOL EM EAD
Authors: Mussi Escobar Patrícia
Published: March 2022

A pesquisa foi construída com base na tese de Vetromille-Castro (2007), que constatou que a colaboração e a autonomia foram os valores que fomentaram a interação do grupo estudado. Vetromille- Castro considerou que havia outros valores, além da colaboração e da autonomia, que eram compartilhados pelos sujeitos covalorizantes (PIAGET, 1973). A partir dessa hipótese desenvolve-se este trabalho. Na pesquisa estudou-se o processo interativo de um grupo de professores em formação de Língua Espanhola como língua estrangeira (E/LE) nos fóruns de um entorno virtual de aprendizagem. Foram analisadas as publicações de de 30 alunos e das duas professoras de um polo em quatro fóruns da disciplina de Língua Espanhola III da licenciatura de Formação de Professores de Espanhol como Língua Estrangeira da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, na modalidade a distância. Os resultados foram obtidos mediante uma análise descritiva, de natureza qualitativa e de interpretação etnográfica virtual. Nas interações foi confirmada a hipótese de que havia outros valores em jogo nos intercâmbios qualitativos entre os indivíduos dos grupos, comportavam-se como um (sub) sistema adaptativo complexo (SAC). A partir de Schwartz (1992), identificou-se no mapa das escalas comuns de valores de cada grupo, valores de igualdade, amizade, responsabilidade, criatividade, solidariedade, além daqueles já identificados em pesquisa anterior.
GIDALARDA SODYUM AZALTIMI
Authors: BOZKURT Semra , KOÇ Mehmet
Published: March 2022

Sodyum besinlerde doğal olarak bulunan bir mineral olup vücutta sıvı ve elektrolit dengesinin sağlanmasında ve kan basıncının düzenlenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, aşırı sodyum tüketimi, başta hipertansiyon ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar olmak üzere pek çok önemli rahatsızlığa neden olmaktadır. Gıdalardaki başlıca sodyum kaynağı ise daha çok sofra tuzu olarak bilinen sodyum klorürdür. Tuz, gıdaların duyusal, fiziksel, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerinde oldukça önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Gıdalarda sodyum azaltımı, duyusal kalite, raf ömrü ve işlevsellik faktörlerini içeren çok boyutlu bir işlemdir. Gıda ürünlerinde sodyumun azaltılmasına yönelik mevcut yaklaşımlar, esas olarak gıda formülasyonlarında tuzun kaldırılması ve kademeli sodyum azaltımı, sodyumun tuz ikameleri ile değiştirilmesi, lezzet arttırıcıların kullanımı, sodyum salınımını ve taşınmasını optimize etmek amacıyla gıda yapısının yeniden tasarlanması, tuzun fiziksel formunun değiştirilmesi, yeni teknolojilerle tuz difüzyonunun geliştirilmesi ve koku-tat interaksiyonları stratejilerini içermektedir. Bu derlemede, sodyum hakkında genel bilgi sunularak, gıdalarda sodyum azaltımına yönelik stratejiler ele alınmıştır.
Numerical investigation of inlet opening size on wind-driven cross ventilation
Authors: Moey Lip Kean , Sing Yao Horng , Tai Vin Cent , Go Tze Fong , Ng Jiunn Yea
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of opening size on indoor airflow characteristics of a naturally ventilated building model. The numerical simulation based on 3D-steady RANS equation was performed in this study. A total of five different inlet to outlet opening ratios, namely 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 9:4 were included in the study and analysed. The results of model validation and grid independence analysis were consistent with the previous study. The simulation results in this study are discussed based on the velocity vector, velocity and pressure, pressure drop and ventilation rate. Through the study, the results have clearly illustrated that the velocity vector, velocity and pressure, pressure drop and ventilation rate are highly dependent on the opening ratio. When air passes through the building model, it forms a recirculation at the top and bottom of the airflow. In addition, the contours of velocity and pressure have indicated that the lower the opening ratio, the higher the velocity and subsequently lower pressure inside the building model. For the pressure drop, the results have shown that the lower the opening ratio, the higher the pressure drop. Beyond that, when the opening ratio is less than 1, the ventilation rate was increased but when the opening ratio greater than 1, the ventilation rate begins to decrease. Therefore, change in the size of inlet opening will greatly affect the performance of ventilation rate.
Research control for ankle joint rehabilitation device
Authors: Dao Duc minh , P.D. Phuoc  , T.X. Tuy
Published: March 2022

The ankle is one of the joints that is often injured when playing sports or in daily activities. Improper handling due to lack of knowledge about the ankles causes these injuries to last long, cause disability and affect our daily activities. Rehabilitation treatment is important for the purpose of maintaining and improving the mobility of joints. This paper, presenting the experimental results of the training device to rehabilitate ankle joints for human in dorsiflexion/plantarflexion exercises. The PD controller has been applied and controlled device. During the training, the angle of the ankle joint is monitored by the Arduino IDE software. The error of the set angle and the experimental angle is 10.  The device manufactured in the workshop of Pham Van Dong university base on aluminum material. Experiments were conducted on both without load mode and with human mode. For human safety, besides the program containing the Arduino Mega controller, the device has mechanical brakes and an emergency button. The device’s tracking performance was determined by comparing the input and output angular position of the device.
Influence of different blowing parameters on flow control on an airfoil
Authors: Abbasi Sarallah
Published: March 2022

A numerical study on flow separation control is conducted for an airfoil with a blowing jet. In this regard, the effect of different parameters of air blowing on stall controlling and flow structure over NACA 0012 is followed. RANS equations were employed in conjunction k-ω-SST turbulent model. To validate the numerical results, they are compared with reported experiments, and good agreement is observed. In this paper, the effects of different parameters like blowing location, angle of jets, and local jet velocity are investigated in various cases. Blowing location in the range of 0.1-0.9 of chord length from the leading edge, local jet velocities of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 of free stream velocity, and angles of 30o, 60o, and 90o are studied. Results reveal that blowing near airfoil ending increases the ratio of lift/drag coefficients. Furthermore, blowing near the angle of 30o prove a positive effect on aerodynamic characteristics. Using a jet velocity equal to the half of free stream velocity shows a favorable effect on blowing. Blowing the flow never revealed to weaken vortices, and therefore it is not recommended to use blowing jet.