bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dairy innovation portal: A web-based platform to address farmer-led innovations in the Indian dairy sector
Authors: Kar Priyajoy , Meena HR , Meena BS , Sankhala Gopal , Singh AK , Kumar Rakesh , Singh Pawan , Devi Salam Jayachitra , Kumar Sunil , Panja Amitava , Kumar Vikash , Sharma Ph. Romen
Published: January 2025

The study was carried out in four districts of Haryana and Punjab states to conduct the baseline survey about developing a Dairy Innovation portal for the dairy stakeholders .A first- of-its-kind Dairy Innovation Portal was developed consisting of the details of Farmer- led Innovations resulting from the preliminary survey. The portal was developed keeping in view the diverse needs of the stakeholders in the dairying sector. The multilingual portal was equipped with innovation submission forms in farmers’ native language for easy access. The portal also directs the farmers to claim Intellectual Property benefits from government organizations. A central database for documentation of farmer-led innovations in dairying will make it simple for people who want to access it and beneficial for dissemination. Futuristic vision enables this portal to cover farmer-led innovation in pan-India exploration which can bring about a radical change in the Indian Dairy Sector.
Constraints impeding livelihood diversification of farmers in aspirational districts of Bihar
Authors: Singh Neha , Kadian KS , Meena Hans Ram , Bellagi Rahul
Published: January 2025

Farmers are facing a major problem of managing livelihood security because of changing environmental condition, globalization, changing economy, and soil fertility that ultimately threatens our food, economic, infrastructure and social security in the long term. Thus, this study attempted to assess the constraints in achieving the livelihood security of farmers using the Garrett ranking method. The research was conducted by interviewing 320 dairy farmers from selected districts Gaya, Khagaria, Sitamarhi and Sheikhpura. In this study different constraints have been identified under sub-headings of economic constraints, infrastructure constraints, marketing constraints, technical constraints and communication constraints. The study revealed that the topmost economic constraint as reported by the respondent was ‘high cost for balanced and nutritious food items’ with Garrett mean score of 61.29. Out of seven infrastructure constraints perceived by them, first rank was assigned to the “Poor orunder developed marketing infrastructure (mean score 63.80)”.“Malpractices by traders” was ranked as first rank by respondents among the various marketing constraints. Whereas “Lack of knowledge for fodder conservation practices during natural calamities” was reported rank one with Garrett mean score of 61.75. Asymptotic significance (p<0.01) was obtained from the Friedman test with chi-square value of 22.803and degrees of freedom of value 4. These limiting constraints are global, comprehensive, integrated, and holistic and beyond the ability of farmers to manage them, thus there is a need for proactive problems-solving by the governmental intervention to overcome them.
Development of process protocol to enhance the phospholipid content of ghee residue
Authors: Krishnegowda Rajesh , Sharma Monika , Ravindra Rekha Menon , Jose Naveen
Published: January 2025

Many by-products of the dairy industry contain nutritive and commercial value, which with appropriate technological interventions can be exploited for improving the profitability of the industry. Ghee residue (GR) is one such by-product reported to contain considerable amount of polar lipids dominated by phospholipids (PLs). An attempt was made to develop a stepwise protocol to enhance the PL content in ghee residue, to facilitate its efficient and economical extraction from the residue matrix. As a first step, remnant ghee (about 13%) in the residue was expelled by pressing the ghee residue matrix at 5kg/cm2 for 5 min. This was followed by treating the ghee residue with two solvents, namely n-hexane and water. Treatment with n-hexane at solvent to solid ratio of 1:4, 1:3 and 1:2, for a contact time of 30 min, resulted in a PL content 26.22, 24.68 and 21.29%(on lipid basis), respectively, in the ghee residue samples. Steeping of the ghee residue in hot water (boiled to 100oC) at a solid to water ratio of 1:4 for 60 min resulted in retention of 27.03%lipids in the residue, corresponding to a removal of 16.93% fat with the solvent stream. This resulted in an appreciable enrichment of phospholipids in the ghee residue matrix to the tune of 30.56% on lipid basis; corresponding to the initial PL content of 8.26%. Increase of surface area of the solid matrix through size comminution was also explored to enhance the efficacy of solvent treatment. When the ghee residue was ground to a particle size of 0.25 mm and 0.30 mm and then subjected to hot water treatment, its PL content was found to increase to9.56% and 9.32% (ghee residue basis), respectively. Thus, the physical and chemical interventions significantly improved the phospholipid content of ghee residue.
Physico-chemical characteristics of butter prepared from the milk of selected indigenous and crossbred cows
Authors: Taherabbas Sathiya , Ramani Akshay , Seth Raman , Gandhi Kamal , Sharma Rajan , Mann Bimlesh
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the season in relation to breed and the butter preparation method on chemical composition, β-carotene content, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)content, color attributes, texture profile, and keeping quality. Fat content showed minor variation in butter types, conventional butter had significantly (p<0.05) lower free fatty acid (FFA) levels than desi butter. Tharparkar butter, especially in summer batches, had the highest β-carotene content. CLA levels varied with breeds and seasons; increased during summer due to outdoor grazing on green fodder. The colour analysis highlighted breed-specific variations, with Tharparkar butter displaying superior visual characteristics. Texture analysis demonstrated that conventional butter was harder, less adhesive, and showed higher cohesiveness compared to desi butter. The study emphasizes the need for careful breed selection and seasonal considerations to ensure the nutritional quality, appearance, texture, and quality of butter products. Monitoring free fatty acid levels is crucial for assessing butter shelf life and quality.
Effect of Njavara rice bran on physico-chemical, sensory, and textural properties of sweetened yoghurt
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth , . Ritika , Panjagari Narender Raju
Published: January 2025

Njavara rice and rice bran possess numerous therapeutic applications, including their utilization in alleviating diabetes, cervical spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, neuromuscular diseases, psoriasis, skin lesions, and stomach ulcers. In recent decades, numerous studies have shown increasing attention towards functional foods which is positively associated with better nutritional status and quality of life, and the decreased incidence of noncommunicable diseases. This can be attributed to the growing awareness among consumers regarding the correlation between nutrition and health, leading to an increased emphasis on personal well-being. Therefore, to improve the health properties of sweetened yogurt containing10% cane sugar, Njavara rice bran was added in amounts ranging from 0% to 10%. The impact of these additions on the quality of the product, specifically in terms of physicochemical properties, sensory qualities, and texture, was evaluated. A standard methodwas followed for the preparation of rice bran-fortified sweetenedyoghurt. The addition of rice bran was found to have a significant impact on the physico-chemical characteristics of sweetened yoghurt. An increase in rice bran was associated with a decrease in yoghurt’s titratable acidity. Conversely, the yoghurt’s syneresis, water activity, and antioxidant activity were found to increase. Furthermore, the inclusion of rice bran in the yoghurt formulation resulted in a reduction in L* and an increase in a*values. The addition of increasing quantities of rice bran (7%and 10%) was found to have a negative impact on the sensory and textural properties of the yoghurt. Based on the results it can be concluded that fortification of sweetened yoghurt with 5%rice bran could produce a functional product with healthy properties besides its valuable nutritive value.
Coagulase positive Staphylococci contamination and the risk associated with the production of toxin in foods - An Exploratory Study
Authors: Kumar R Naveen , Balakrishna N , RV Sudershan , P Uday Kumar
Published: January 2025

Food-borne diseases pose a threat to human health and the economy of individuals, families, and nations. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of foodborne intoxication in most countries of the world. The present study was done to analyse the extent of Staphylococci contamination and the risk associated with the production of toxins in foods. A total of 450 Food samples were collected from retail markets, sweet shops, and households in Hyderabad. Among 143 (31.7%) cultures of Staphylococci, 106 (74.1%)showed coagulase enzyme production and 37 (25.9%) isolates were coagulase-negative. Only nine cultures (6.3%) showed a positive result for enterotoxin production. It is known that >106CFU/g of S. aureus is likely to produce an enterotoxin, however, in the present study 17% of food samples have crossed the limit but very a small number of them were able to produce enterotoxin. For the risk assessment of S. aureus contamination in foods, coagulase test and toxin production of isolates have to be evaluated. The data will help set standards for the microbiological quality of foods.
Multiplex basophil activation tests for allergy diagnosis: present and future applications
Authors: Koren Ana , Korosec Peter
Published: January 2025

The basophil activation test (BAT) has become a major cellular in vitro test for evaluating the allergenic activity of specific IgEs. The impact of the BAT is due to the ability of blood basophil granulocytes to present IgE on the high-affinity FcεRI receptor and to mirror the mast cell response that elicits an acute allergic reaction. The BAT proved to be able to identify allergic patients at risk of reacting to a low dose of the allergen and/or developing life-threatening reactions and thus can significantly improve the current management of allergic patients. However, to improve the diagnostic utility for identifying the allergenic activity of different genuinely sensitizing allergens and lower the procedure and labour requirements, developing a multiplex BAT approach incorporating multiple allergen components would be highly anticipated. Recently, the novel multiplex BAT was described utilizing two major innovative steps. The first step was the fluorescent labeling of allergens. The second step was applying fluorescently labeled allergens in flow cytometry assessment to analyze the activation of basophil subpopulations gated according to the binding of different allergens or to evaluate the fluorescence intensity of multiple allergens on the surface of basophils. These novel cellular multiplex approaches will advance our understanding of IgE-mediated responses. Integration of multiplex BAT, in addition to multiplex IgE assays into practice, will personalize the measurement of allergenic IgE activity and can help estimate the likelihood of clinical relevance and risks for multiple allergens when testing individual allergic patients.
Deciphering cellular complexity: advances and future directions in single-cell protein analysis
Authors: Zhao Qirui , Li Shan , Krall Leonard , Li Qianyu , Sun Rongyuan , Yin Yuqi , Fu Jingyi , Zhang Xu , Wang Yonghua , Yang Mei
Published: January 2025

Single-cell protein analysis has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding cellular heterogeneity and deciphering the complex mechanisms governing cellular function and fate. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the latest methodologies, including sophisticated cell isolation techniques (Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS), Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM), manual cell picking, and microfluidics) and advanced approaches for protein profiling and protein-protein interaction analysis. The unique strengths, limitations, and opportunities of each method are discussed, along with their contributions to unraveling gene regulatory networks, cellular states, and disease mechanisms. The importance of data analysis and computational methods in extracting meaningful biological insights from the complex data generated by these technologies is also highlighted. By discussing recent progress, technological innovations, and potential future directions, this review emphasizes the critical role of single-cell protein analysis in advancing life science research and its promising applications in precision medicine, biomarker discovery, and targeted therapeutics. Deciphering cellular complexity at the single-cell level holds immense potential for transforming our understanding of biological processes and ultimately improving human health.
Kinematic and muscle co-activation patterns in the dominant arm across forehand stroke phases in wheelchair tennis
Authors: Abuwarda Khaled , Akl Abdel-Rahman
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study investigated upper limb kinematics and muscle co-activation in wheelchair tennis players during the forehand stroke. By analyzing linear and angular kinematic variables alongside muscle co-activation patterns, the study aimed to provide insights into the biomechanical mechanisms supporting forehand stroke performance.

Method

Fifteen professional male wheelchair tennis players (height: 163.9 ± 2.05 cm; mass: 64.1 ± 3.07 kg; age: 32.2 ± 7.97 years) participated in this study. Electromyographic data from six muscles around the dominant arm joints were recorded using the Myon system. Four fixed GoPro Hero 8 cameras (120 Hz) captured 3D video, and kinematic analyses were performed using the APAS system. The forehand stroke was analyzed across three phases: (1) backswing, (2) forwardswing, and (3) follow-through.

Results

The results showed significant phase-specific changes in muscle co-activation for the shoulder (p < 0.001), elbow (p < 0.005), and wrist (p < 0.01). Muscle co-activation was highest during the backswing phase, decreased during the forwardswing, and increased again during the follow-through phase. This pattern reflects the need for joint stability and control, particularly when changing stroke direction and slowing the arm after impact.

Conclusion

These findings provide novel insights into the kinematic and neuromuscular mechanisms underlying the forehand stroke in wheelchair tennis. The data provide hypotheses about potential training and rehabilitation strategies that should be tested by prospective studies. The results also highlight the unique demands of wheelchair tennis, contributing to inclusive, evidence-based approaches to enhancing performance and safety in disability sports.
Prediction model of middle school student performance based on MBSO and MDBO-BP-Adaboost method
Authors: Fang Rencheng , Zhou Tao , Yu Baohua , Li Zhigang , Ma Long , Luo Tao , Zhang Yongcai , Liu Xinqi
Published: January 2025

Predictions of student performance are important to the education system as a whole, helping students to know how their learning is changing and adjusting teachers' and school policymakers' plans for their future growth. However, selecting meaningful features from the huge amount of educational data is challenging, so the dimensionality of student achievement features needs to be reduced. Based on this motivation, this paper proposes an improved Binary Snake Optimizer (MBSO) as a wrapped feature selection model, taking the Mat and Por student achievement data in the UCI database as an example, and comparing the MBSO feature selection model with other feature methods, the MBSO is able to select features with strong correlation to the students and the average number of student features selected reaches a minimum of 7.90 and 7.10, which greatly reduces the complexity of student achievement prediction. In addition, we propose the MDBO-BP-Adaboost model to predict students' performance. Firstly, the model incorporates the good point set initialization, triangle wandering strategy and adaptive t-distribution strategy to obtain the Modified Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm (MDBO), secondly, it uses MDBO to optimize the weights and thresholds of the BP neural network, and lastly, the optimized BP neural network is used as a weak learner for Adaboost. MDBO-BP-Adaboost After comparing with XGBoost, BP, BP-Adaboost, and DBO-BP-Adaboost models, the experimental results show that the R2 on the student achievement dataset is 0.930 and 0.903, respectively, which proves that the proposed MDBO-BP-Adaboost model has a better effect than the other models in the prediction of students' achievement with better results than other models.
Targeting accuracy of neuronavigation: a comparative evaluation of an innovative wearable AR platform vs. traditional EM navigation
Authors: Carbone Marina , Montemurro Nicola , Cattari Nadia , Autelitano Martina , Cutolo Fabrizio , Ferrari Vincenzo , Cigna Emanuele , Condino Sara
Published: January 2025

Wearable augmented reality in neurosurgery offers significant advantages by enabling the visualization of navigation information directly on the patient, seamlessly integrating virtual data with the real surgical field. This ergonomic approach can facilitate a more intuitive understanding of spatial relationships and guidance cues, potentially reducing cognitive load and enhancing the accuracy of surgical gestures by aligning critical information with the actual anatomy in real-time. This study evaluates the benefits of a novel AR platform, VOSTARS, by comparing its targeting accuracy to that of the gold-standard electromagnetic (EM) navigation system, Medtronic StealthStation® S7®. Both systems were evaluated in phantom and human studies. In the phantom study, participants targeted 13 predefined landmarks using identical pointers to isolate system performance. In the human study, three facial landmarks were targeted in nine volunteers post-brain tumor surgery. The performance of the VOSTARS system was superior to that of the standard neuronavigator in both the phantom and human studies. In the phantom study, users achieved a median accuracy of 1.4 mm (IQR: 1.2 mm) with VOSTARS compared to 2.9 mm (IQR: 1.4 mm) with the standard neuronavigator. In the human study, the median targeting accuracy with VOSTARS was significantly better for selected landmarks in the outer eyebrow (3.7 mm vs. 6.6 mm, p = 0.05) and forehead (4.5 mm vs. 6.3 mm, p = 0.021). Although the difference for the pronasal point was not statistically significant (2.7 mm vs. 3.5 mm, p = 0.123), the trend towards improved accuracy with VOSTARS is clear. These findings suggest that the proposed AR technology has the potential to significantly improve surgical outcomes in neurosurgery.
Genetic association analysis of lipid-lowering drug target genes in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ou Guangyang , Peng Lei , Pan Jian , Zhang Shaohua , Shi Jianguo
Published: January 2025

Objective

The impact of lipid-lowering medications on chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a subject of debate. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to elucidate the potential effects of lipid-lowering drug targets on CKD development.

Methods

We extracted 11 genetic variants encoding targets of lipid-lowering drugs from published genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, encompassing LDLR, HMGCR, PCSK9, NPC1L1, APOB, ABCG5/ABCG8, LPL, APOC3, ANGPTL3, and PPARA. A Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted targeting these drug-related genes. CKD risk was designated as the primary outcome, while estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were assessed as secondary outcomes. Additionally, mediation analysis was performed utilizing 731 immune cell phenotypes to identify potential mediators.

Results

The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between ANGPTL3 inhibitors and a reduced risk of CKD (OR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.75-0.96]). Conversely, LDLR agonists were significantly linked to an increased risk of CKD (OR [95% CI] = 1.11 [1.02-1.22]). Regarding secondary outcomes, lipid-lowering drugs did not significantly affect eGFR and BUN levels. Mediation analysis indicated that the reduction in CKD risk by ANGPTL3 inhibitors was mediated through modulation of the immune cell phenotype, specifically HLA-DR on CD14+ CD16+ monocytes (Mediated proportion: 4.69%; Mediated effect: -0.00899).

Conclusion

Through drug-targeted MR analysis, we identified a causal relationship between lipid-lowering drug targets and CKD. ANGPTL3 and LDLR may represent promising candidate drug targets for CKD treatment.
Non-high-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and its association with infertility in U.S. women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Lu Cong , Li Lili , Li Hongyu
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the relationship between Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (NHHR) and infertility in US female adults aged 20 to 45.

Methods

Our research team utilized data from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to conduct a cross-sectional study. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between NHHR and infertility, with trend tests providing additional insight into this relationship. Further, smoothed curve fitting was applied for a more detailed exploration. To ensure the robustness of our results, we conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Results

Between 2013 and 2018, our study included 2,947 participants, with 342(11.6%) self-reported infertility. A positive association was found between NHHR and infertility (OR=1.17,95%CI:1.07-1.27). Compared with the first trimester, the third trimester of NHHR was associated with an OR of 1.79(95% CI: 1.31–2.44) in model 3. The results of subgroup analyses revealed that the association between NHHR and infertility was nearly consistent.

Conclusion

NHHR demonstrated a positive correlation with infertility among U.S. female adults. Further investigation is needed to explore their association better and the underlying mechanisms.
The effects of growth hormone on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in age-grouped patients with decreased ovarian reserve: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Jiexiu , Kong Xumei , Luan Zonghui , Qiu Yu , Chen Shiqi , Li−Ling Jesse , Gong Yan
Published: January 2025

Background

Growth hormone (GH) could improve the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in patients with decreased ovarian reserve (DOR), but which age group will benefit the most has remained controversial. This study aims to explore the outcome of IVF-ET among differently aged patients with DOR treated with GH.

Methods

A total of 846 patients with DOR undergoing IVF-ET from May 2018 to June 2023 at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Sichuan Provincial Women’s and Children’s Hospital were prospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into group A (< 35 year old, n = 399), group B (35 ~ 40 year old, n = 286), and group C (> 40 year old, n = 161). Each group was sub-divided into the GH part and the control part, with the former receiving pretreatment with GH 4 IU/day on day 2 of the previous menstrual cycle before the injection of gonadotrophin (Gn) until the trigger day. The ovarian stimulation protocol was gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A) or long-acting GnRH agonist protocol. The quality of oocytes and embryos and the outcome of pregnancy were compared.

Results

In group B, the number (1.16 ± 0.12 vs. 0.74 ± 0.09) and rate (34.27% vs. 23.90%) of high-quality cleavage embryos, rate of implantation (32.37% vs. 22.35%), clinical pregnancy (48.98% vs. 33.67%), and live birth (44.90% vs. 29.59%) were significantly higher, whereas the canceled oocyte retrieval rate was significantly lower (1.49% vs. 6.58%) in the GH part than those of the control part (P < 0.05). In group B, the duration and dose of Gn, number of oocyte retrieved, and rates of normal fertilization, cleavage embryo, blastocyst, high-quality blastocyst, and early miscarriage were not significantly different between the GH and control parts (P > 0.05). In groups A and C, no significant difference was detected in the quality of embryos and outcomes of embryo transfer with or without pretreatment (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

GH could improve the quality of embryos and live birth rate for patients with DOR aged 35–40 years old.
Subhepatic appendicitis in a 27-year-old male: a case report from Odahulle General Hospital of Ethiopia
Authors: Abagojam Abduletif Haji Ababor , Dekema Remedan Jemal , Woyimo Tamirat Godebo , Mohammed Jafer Yasin , Tukeni Kedir Negesso
Published: January 2025

The appendix is a small, tube-shaped organ that connects to the cecum, the beginning of the large intestine. Though its role is unknown, it can become infected, resulting in acute appendicitis, which, if not detected and treated early, can lead to serious consequences. Though the symptoms and signs of acute appendicitis are straightforward in most cases, atypical locations might result in unexpected presentations, which can lead to complications as it might not be detected and treated early. This case report describes a 27-year-old Black Ethiopian male patient who presented with right upper abdominal pain, low-grade fever, palpitations, and diarrhea. He also had some episodes of vomiting of ingested matter. Upon physical examination, the patient appeared acutely sick with some degree of tachycardia. An abdominal examination revealed right upper abdominal quadrant tenderness, though there was no palpable mass noted. Laboratory investigations were unremarkable apart from the stool examinations which revealed many pus and red blood cells and was full of actively motile bacteria. An abdominal ultrasound showed an enlarged subhepatic appendix with an internal fecalith 1 cm in depth, that was partially compressible, with no obvious peri appendiceal free fluid or other pathology. An assessment of subhepatic acute appendicitis was suspected and an emergency operation was conducted which revealed an inflamed subhepatic appendix that was on the verge of rupture. At a subsequent follow-up, the patient had significantly improved as evidenced by the lack of symptoms including abdominal pain, fever, and palpitation. Subhepatic appendix is a rare condition caused by either the non-descent of the cecum or intestinal malrotation during early development. As its presentation is not classical and hence mimics other pathologies, the diagnosis may be overlooked, resulting in perforation and abscess formation and leading to increased morbidity and possibly mortality. A high level of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes.
Gut microbiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mpountouridis Anastasios , Tsigalou Christina , Bezirtzoglou Ioanna , Bezirtzoglou Eugenia , Stavropoulou Elisavet
Published: January 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a rapidly growing incidence worldwide, affecting approximately one-third of world population. The disturbance of gut commensal bacteria impacting host’s homeostasis is referred to as gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiome contributes to the pathogenesis of NAFLD through various pathways. Gut microbiota is at constant interactions with the intestinal epithelial barrier and affects its integrity. Through gut-liver axis, gut microbiota may influence liver immune function. The release of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from intestines to portal vein which are transported to the liver, may trigger hepatic inflammation, steatosis and even fibrosis. Moreover, the gut microbiome induces the conversion of primary bile acids (BAs) to secondary BAs, which activates intestinal receptors, such as FXR and TGR5. FXR activation decreases fat absorption and thus reduces hepatic lipid accumulation, while TGR5 activation promotes the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in blood. Furthermore, gut ethanol-producing bacteria has been implicated in NAFLD development. Additionally, in NAFLD there is a reduction in intestinal levels of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, propionate and acetate. Many bacterial alterations have been observed in NAFLD, including the increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes. Many probiotics have been tried in NAFLD prevention and management, including a plethora of strains from Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and Streptococcus and some of them have promising perspectives. There is also some promising data from the administration of prebiotics (such as inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides) and symbiotics (probiotics plus prebiotics). Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is yet to be evaluated for its efficacy against NAFLD.
Nomogram-derived immune-inflammation-nutrition score could act as a novel prognostic indicator for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Wen-Yan , Chen Yue , Chen Qian , Sun Hong-Wei , Niu Nuo-Xuan , Li Hong-Hui , Cao Yu-Dan , Bai Yan-Xia , Li Xiang
Published: January 2025

Aim

This study aims to create and validate a novel systematic immune-inflammation-nutrition (SIIN) score to provide a non-invasive and accurate prognostic tool for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.

Methods

259 participants diagnosed with HNSCC from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between 2008 and 2017 was included in this retrospective study. Patients were assigned to training (n=181) and validation (n=78) sets. A LASSO Cox regression model was employed to identify significant biomarkers for constructing a SIIN nomogram and to create SIIN score from this nomogram. The prognostic accuracy of the SIIN score was assessed by exploiting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazard regression models, calibration and DCA curves.

Results

The SIIN score was formulated based on six biomarkers-platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), albumin-bilirubin index (ALBI), fibrinogen (FIB) and monocyte count-identified by LASSO regression analysis. (1)The SIIN score demonstrated superior predictive value, achieving area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.736 and 0.700 for 3- and 5-year OS. For recurrence-free survival (RFS), the AUC values were 0.752 for 3-year and 0.701 5-year RFS, as assessed in the training set. Validated as an independent prognostic factor in both cohorts, the SIIN score showed strong correlation with adverse clinicopathological outcomes.

Conclusion

The SIIN score is a promising prognostic tool that integrates immune, inflammatory, and nutritional factors for predicting clinical outcomes in HNSCC patients. It offers enhanced predictive accuracy compared to existing markers and has the potential to guide personalized treatment strategies and clinical decision-making.
The PerioGene North study reveals that periodontal inflammation and advanced jawbone loss in periodontitis associate with serum gingipain antibodies but not with systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Kindstedt Elin , de Vries Charlotte , Wänman Magnus , Potempa Barbara Aleksandra , Potempa Jan , Lindquist Susanne , Esberg Anders , Lundberg Karin , Lundberg Pernilla
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Periodontitis is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One hypothesis posits that this connection arises from the formation of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) in inflamed gums, possibly triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis. We previously demonstrated an increased antibody response to P. gingivalis arginine gingipains (anti-Rgp IgG), not only in individuals with severe periodontitis compared to controls, but in RA versus controls, with an association to ACPA. In the present study, we set out to further explore the relationship between anti-Rgp IgG, ACPA and periodontitis, including clinical periodontal parameters, in the large and well-characterized PerioGene North case-control study.

Methods

We measured serum levels of anti-Rgp and ACPA IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in 478 patients with periodontitis and 509 periodontally healthy controls within PerioGene North. Subsequently, anti-Rgp IgG levels and ACPA status were analysed in relation to periodontitis and clinical periodontal parameters.

Results

Serum anti-Rgp IgG levels were elevated in cases versus controls (p< 0.001). However, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that anti-Rgp IgG could not efficiently discriminate cases from controls (AUC= 0.63; 95% CI: 0.60 – 0.66). Among cases, increased anti-Rgp IgG levels associated with high periodontal inflammation and advanced alveolar bone loss (p<0.001 for both). An ACPA response was detected in 15 (3.1%) cases and 6 (1.2%) controls (p=0.033), but no association to periodontitis was evident after adjustment for age and smoking and anti-Rgp IgG levels did not differ between ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative individuals.

Conclusion

We show that anti-Rgp IgG identifies a subgroup of periodontitis patients with high degree of periodontal inflammation and advanced alveolar bone loss, but we do not find support for a link between periodontitis or anti-Rgp IgG and ACPA status in PerioGene North. Given the association between anti-Rgp and alveolar bone loss, the mechanistic role of gingipains in bone resorption should be experimentally explored.
Network pharmacology and multi-omics validation of the Jianpi-Yishen formula in the treatment of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Li Yuyan , Luo Yueming , Hu Yilan , Li Siting , Li Guandong , Zhang Wanyangchuan , Gu Xiufen , Wang Jianting , Li Shunmin , Cheng Hong
Published: January 2025

Objective

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health problem. In clinical practice, the Chinese patent herbal medicine Jianpi-Yishen (JPYS) formula is commonly used to treat CKD. However, the molecular mechanisms by which JPYS targets and modulates the host immune response remain unclear.

Methods

This study utilized network pharmacology, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and metabolic analyses using in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the impact of the JPYS formula on inflammation and the immune system. Specifically, the study focused on macrophage polarization and metabolic changes that may slow down the progression of CKD.

Results

A total of 14,946 CKD-related targets were identified from the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases through network pharmacology analyses. 227 potential targets of the JPYS formula were predicted using the TCMSP database. Additionally, network diagram demonstrated that 11 targets were associated with macrophage activity. In vivo studies indicated that the JPYS formula could reduce blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in adenine-induced CKD rats. Furthermore, the formula inhibited inflammatory damage and abnormal macrophage infiltration in this CKD model. RNA-seq, proteomic and metabolic analyses identified the regulation of amino acid metabolism by betaine, specifically referring to glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, as a key target of the JPYS formula in slowing the progression of CKD. In addition, in vitro studies suggested that JPYS may enhance tryptophan metabolism in M1 macrophage polarization and betaine metabolism in M2 macrophage polarization.

Conclusions

The JPYS formula has been shown to have beneficial impact on CKD; a key mechanism is the mitigation of inflammatory damage through the interaction between amino acid metabolism and macrophage polarization. Of specific importance in this context are the roles of tryptophan in M1 polarization and betaine in M2 polarization.
Inflammatory microglia correlate with impaired oligodendrocyte maturation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chen J. Q. Alida , Wever Dennis D. , McNamara Niamh B. , Bourik Morjana , Smolders Joost , Hamann Jörg , Huitinga Inge
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Remyelination of demyelinated axons can occur as an endogenous repair mechanism in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its efficacy varies between both MS individuals and lesions. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive remyelination remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the relation between microglia activation and remyelination activity in MS.

Methods

We correlated regenerative (CD163+) and inflammatory (iNOS+) microglia with BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes, subdivided into early-stage (<3 processes) and late-stage (≥3 processes) cells in brain donors with high or low remyelinating potential in remyelinated lesions and active lesions with ramified/amoeboid (non-foamy) or foamy microglia. A cohort of MS donors categorized as efficiently remyelinating donors (ERDs; n=25) or poorly remyelinating donors (PRDs; n=17) was included, based on their proportion of remyelinated lesions at autopsy.

Results and discussion

We hypothesized more CD163+ microglia and BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes in remyelinated and active non-foamy lesions from ERDs and more iNOS+ microglia with fewer BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes in active foamy lesions from PRDs. For CD163+ microglia, however, no differences were observed between MS lesions and MS donor groups. In line with our hypothesis, we found that INOS+ microglia were significantly increased in PRDs compared to ERDs within remyelinated lesions. MS lesions, more late-stage BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes were detected in active lesions with non-foamy or foamy microglia in comparison with remyelinated lesions. Although no differences were found for early-stage BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes between MS lesions, we did find significantly more early-stage BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes in PRDs vs ERDs in remyelinated lesions. Interestingly, a positive correlation was identified between iNOS+ microglia and the presence of early-stage BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes. These findings suggest that impaired maturation of early-stage BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes, encountering inflammatory microglia, may underlie remyelination deficits and unsuccessful lesion repair in MS.
Elevated serum CA 19–9 level mimicking pancreaticobiliary carcinoma from a hepatic abscess: case report and literature review
Authors: Dhingra Shaurya , Raman Puneet , Ramsaroop Taylor , Harrison Isaiah , Bergsten Tova , Nusbaum Erin , Feldman Lawrence E.
Published: January 2025

Serum levels of the tumor marker CA 19–9 are widely utilized in the diagnosis and monitoring pancreatic and biliary malignancies. However, serum levels of CA 19–9 have also been reportedly elevated in non-malignant conditions. Here, we present the rare case of a 65-year-old woman with a history of gallbladder malignancy who was found to have a new hepatic lesion on surveillance CT with an associated elevation in CA 19–9 to 5,866 U/mL. Drainage of the lesion and treatment with antibiotics resulted in a rapid decline in CA 19–9 levels, indicating that the elevation in CA 19–9 was due to a benign hepatic lesion. We review eight similar reported cases of CA 19–9 elevations due to benign hepatic abscesses, thereby highlighting a need to interpret the tumor marker with caution.
Novel strategies targeting mitochondria-lysosome contact sites for the treatment of neurological diseases
Authors: Xie Yinyin , Sun Wenlin , Han Aoya , Zhou Xinru , Zhang Shijie , Shen Changchang , Xie Yi , Wang Cui , Xie Nanchang
Published: January 2025

Mitochondria and lysosomes are critical for neuronal homeostasis, as highlighted by their dysfunction in various neurological diseases. Recent studies have identified dynamic membrane contact sites between mitochondria and lysosomes, independent of mitophagy and the lysosomal degradation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs), allowing bidirectional crosstalk between these cell compartments, the dynamic regulation of organelle networks, and substance exchanges. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormalities in mitochondria-lysosome contact sites (MLCSs) contribute to neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Charcot–Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, lysosomal storage diseases, and epilepsy. This article reviews recent research advances regarding the tethering processes, regulation, and function of MLCSs and their role in neurological diseases.
Efficacy and safety of anlotinib as maintenance treatment in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a single-armed single center retrospective study
Authors: Xiong Jin , Xia Lei
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have a poor Q6 prognosis and there is no standard protocol for maintenance treatment. Anlotinib as a third-line or beyond therapy for ES-SCLC was proved to be effective.

Methods

We retrospectively screened of patients with ES-SCLC who started receiving anlotinib as first-line or second-line therapy at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2018 to December 2022. 30 patients treated with anlotinib based combination therapy and subsequent maintenance therapy were included. The primary study endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and the secondary study endpoints were overall survival (OS), clinical response and adverse events (AEs).

Results and discussion

In 30 ES-SCLC patients, the median PFS and OS were 7.2 months and 17.6 months respectively. The ORR and DCR were 50.0% (15/30) and 86.7% (26/30) respectively. The median PFS was 8.2 months and 5.6 months for patients who received synchronized immunotherapy or chemotherapy. The median OS was 20.1 months and 15.1 months for patients who received synchronized immunotherapy or chemotherapy. The median time to intracranial progression (TTP) was 7.2 months for patients who were without brain metastases before receiving anlotinib. No unexpected AEs were reported. Grade 3-4 adverse events were reported in 10 patients (33.3%). No treatment-related deaths occurred during this study. Our study has indicated the good efficacy and safety about the application of anlotinib in the maintenance therapy in the first-line or second-line treatment of ES-SCLC and it can also achieve good intracranial control.
Global, regional and national burden of pancreatic cancer and its attributable risk factors from 2019 to 2021, with projection to 2044
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhang Yi , Yan Zeyi , Jiang Wenkai , Rui Shaozhen
Published: January 2025

Background

To estimate the global burden of pancreatic cancer in 2019 and 2021 including incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs).

Methods

Data on pancreatic cancer incidence, mortality and DALYs were downloaded from the Global Health Data Exchange. The 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were reported for annual numbers and rates (per 100,000 populations).

Results

In 2021, there were 508,532 (95% UI: 462,09 to 547,208) incident cases of pancreatic cancer globally, of which 273,617 (250,808 to 299,347; 53.8%) were in males. The age-standardized incidence rate was 6.0 (5.5 to 6.5) per 100,000 people in 2019 and decreased to 5.9 (5.4 to 6.4) per 100,000 people in 2021. There was a 3.9% increase in the number of deaths from pancreatic cancer from 486,869 (446,272 to 517,185) in 2019 to 505,752 (461,224 to 543,899) in 2021. There was a 3.5% increase in DALYs due to pancreatic cancer, increasing from 10.9 million (10.1 to 11.7) in 2019 to 11.3 million (10.5 to 12.2) in 2021. In 2021, the highest age-standardized death rates were observed in Greenland and Monaco, and the highest age-standardized DALY rates were observed in Greenland and Uruguay. The numbers of incident cases and deaths peaked at the ages of 70 to 74 years. The pancreatic cancer burden increased as the socio-demographic index increased. To 2044, the number of incident cases and deaths will be more than 875 thousand and 879 thousand, respectively.

Conclusion

The disease burden of pancreatic cancer remains high, especially in high-income regions. More cancer prevention measures are needed in the future to reduce the burden of pancreatic cancer.
Platelet count and retinopathy of prematurity, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zeng Qian , Wang Ling , Li Yurong , Yue Yuanyuan , Lv Xin
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between platelet count (PLT) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), with the goal of identifying a straightforward screening method for the early detection of ROP.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2005 to 26 September 2023. Subsequently, a subgroup analysis was performed.

Results

This meta-analysis included ten studies involving 1762 neonates, with 747 cases of ROP identified. The pooled analysis indicated a significant decrease in mean platelet count among the ROP group compared to the non-ROP group (mean difference: −18.65, 95% confidence interval: −22.80 to −14.50, P < .00001). Subgroup analysis indicated that the heterogeneity in the results can be attributed to factors such as the location of the studies, gestational age (GA), and publication time.

Conclusion

Decreased PLT counts may be associated with the occurrence of ROP. The PLT count should be standardized according to the detection location, detection time and GA.
Hydroxysafflor yellow A: a natural pigment with potential anticancer therapeutic effect
Authors: Wang Yuhan , An Junsha , Zhou Jianbo , Chang Liming , Zhang Quan , Peng Fu
Published: January 2025

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a natural pigment with a chalcone structure extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower), has been widely proven to have good efficacy on cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes. However, no study has reported on the anticancer mechanisms of Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a principal bioactive compound in safflower. This review discusses recent developments in the physicochemical properties and sources, pharmacological effects and mechanisms, pharmacokinetic progress, and safety of HSYA, focusing on the involvement of HSYA in the regulation of related pathways and mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy, and the tumor immune microenvironment in a variety of cancers. This can serve as a theoretical basis for further research and development of HSYA, with insights into the mechanisms of anticancer signaling pathways.