bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese Views of Strategic Stability: Implications for U.S.-China Relations
Authors: Logan David C.
Published: November 2024

China's nuclear buildup and intensifying U.S.-China strategic competition have raised concerns about the future of nuclear dynamics between China and the United States. As U.S.-China nuclear competition escalates, understanding Chinese views of strategic stability will be important for managing this dimension of the relationship between these two global powers. During the Cold War, different conceptions of strategic stability influenced how the Soviet Union and the United States constructed their nuclear forces and approached arms control. For the U.S. strategic community, strategic stability consisted of crisis stability and arms race stability. This article analyzes extensive Chinese-language sources and finds that Chinese writings identify four pillars of strategic stability: nuclear mutual vulnerability, the overall state of bilateral relations, the nuclear taboo, and beliefs about the controllability of nuclear escalation. Chinese strategists perceive each of these four pillars as eroding, in part because of U.S. actions. The findings have important implications for understanding China's nuclear force development, nuclear dynamics in East Asia, and U.S.-China relations.
Towards Creating Synergy for the Realisation of Right to Health in International Human Rights and Shariah
Authors: Khan Danyal
Published: November 2024

In most of the literature on international human rights in Muslim states, Shariah principles are interpreted in a way to limit the scope of human rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and non-discrimination. In this paper, I want to argue that Shariah principles can be used to enhance the Muslim states’ obligations related to the right to health. After exploring the health-related emphasis in the primary sources of Shariah, I argue that the obligations of Muslim states to the right to health are dual, as parties to the International Bill of Rights and Shariah status in Muslim constitutionalism. I will set a theoretical framework for bridging international human rights with Shariah where synergy is possible.
Georgia and Sasanian Iran
Authors: Gvelesiani Mariam
Published: November 2024

This article examines the impact of Sasanian hegemony in Georgia (Kartli/Iberia) on the monuments of early Christian Georgia’s material culture. It explores how Sasanian political power and influence were conveyed through visual imagery, depicting Kartli as an adaptive yet creatively distinct realm that incorporated many elements of Sasanian art and culture into early Christian iconography. The article focuses on some iconographic motifs representing the Sasanian concept of royalty and their adaptation to Georgian culture, analyzed through both Iranian and Georgian visual sources, as well as Georgian textual data.
The Case of a Molokan Woman from the Archive of the Erivan Uezd Court (Mid-19th Century)
Authors: Shuvaeva Elena , Arakelova Victoria
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on a court case of the Erivan Uezd of the mid-19th century, involving a Molokan woman Lukeriya Korsakova. The lawsuit “Case of Lukeriya Korsakova’s settlement among the Molokans of the Erivan Uezd, March 7, 1847–May 21, 1848” was initiated as a result of the woman’s transition from Orthodoxy to the Molokan sectarianism, what was punishable by exile. The trial lasted from 1844 to 1848, and the case passed through several instances. The authors try to reconstruct the details and specifics of the case of the defendant Lukeriya Korsakova on the basis of archival documents.
The Sons of Esau and Lot: Reevaluating National States in Deuteronomy 2
Authors: Johnson Sophia R.C.
Published: November 2024

In an attempt to trace the tradition of nationalism back to ancient Israel, public intellectual Yarom Hazony reads Deuteronomy 2 as a representation of ancient values of land-bounded autonomy and cultural homogeny. However, he overlooks two key aspects of the passage: 1) the familial and theological reasoning behind the divine protection of the other peoples, and 2) the messy aetiologies of how those peoples came to inhabit their lands. God calls the Edomites, Moabites, and Ammonites “brothers” and “sons of Esau” or “Lot,” suggesting that the prohibition against invasion is not based on respect for sovereignty but instead mythological family and relative social connection. Thus, using postcolonial theories of group identity from Gayatri Spivak, this article argues that Deut 2 does not represent an ancient (pre)conception of the nation-state but rather a (re)negotiation of group relations and social identities in connection to co-habitation of the Levant.
Comparative Law and Natural Law in the UAE Constitutional Adjudication
Authors: Abiad Nisrine
Published: November 2024

Unlike other comparative jurisdictions that may remain silent on the possibility for supreme courts to use comparative law and natural law, the UAE legislator has allowed the Federal Supreme Court to invoke these two sources in its adjudication since the Court was established in 1973. This paper examines the legal framework that supports this permission, especially in light of Decree-Law Number 33-2022, which brought about a revision affecting it. The paper aims to define the space given to comparative law and natural law vis-à-vis UAE positive law. Furthermore, through an empirical approach, this paper examines the Federal Supreme Court case law to analyse the extent of its recourse to comparative law and/or to natural law in constitutional adjudication.
Consumer acceptance of entomophagy in Belgium: insect-based food appropriateness and influence of personal factors
Authors: Detilleux L. , Dogot T. , Franceschini S. , Francis F. , Caparros Megido R.
Published: November 2024

The issue of consumer acceptance is largely investigated in the literature relative to entomophagy, as edible insects are not a common part of European food habits. This topic was also discussed in the current study, which analysed 1,382 responses to an online survey in Belgium. The first aim of this research was to study the potential influence of personal factors, including field of work, on consumer acceptance. The second objective was to determine the most appropriate context for entomophagy, regarding timing and style of preparation. Gender, nationality and field of work of respondents were identified as influencing factors, while age was identified as a factor that did not impact consumer acceptance. Personal factors that influenced acceptance must be used as discriminating factors to select willing consumers of edible insects. Regarding context, edible insects were not appropriate at breakfast, while they were considered as snacks. Such considerations provide useful information in determining the most appropriate insect-based food for European markets.
What are the Short and Long-Term Impacts of Animal Assisted Interventions on the Therapy Animals?
Authors: Lewis Amelia
Published: November 2024

Animal assisted interventions (AAIs) are practices used for human wellbeing, whereby interactions with non-human animals are used for therapeutic purposes. AAIs can be offered clinically, to those suffering physical or mental illness; those who have a learning disability or neurodevelopmental disorder; people requiring occupational therapy or enrichment in settings such as prisons and nursing homes, and as an adjunct to formal education in classrooms. Whilst some AAIs are low risk, AAI animals can be placed in emotionally challenging situations, or even situations where they may be at physical risk. At present, there is a paucity of literature examining the welfare of AAI animals, and the practice remains unregulated. This paper therefore discusses the potential welfare issues for animals used in ‘animal assisted interventions’, and suggests how those issues could be addressed.
Two new genera of Neotropical Dasymutillini (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): Goncharovtilla gen. nov. from Brazil and Dasyphuta gen. nov. from Panama
Authors: WILLIAMS KEVIN A. , CAMBRA ROBERTO. A. , BARTHOLOMAY PEDRO R. , LOPEZ VINICIUS M. , BROTHERS DENIS J. , MARTINS HERBESON O. J. , FERREIRA VININA S. , KOROIVA RICARDO , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER
Published: November 2024

Two new monotypic genera are described within the tribe Dasymutillini: Goncharovtilla Williams, Bartholomay & Lopez, gen. nov. (type species: G. oblomovi Williams, Bartholomay & Lopez, sp. nov.) and Dasyphuta Cambra, Williams & Brothers, gen. nov. (type species: D. gorgupea Cambra, Williams & Brothers, sp. nov.). Both genera are known from both sexes. A key to the genera of Dasymutillini from the New World is provided. With these new genera the tribe Dasymutillini now contains 13 genera.
Martini Indices, Fisher Indices, and Consistency-in-Aggregation
Authors: Balk Bert M.
Published: November 2024

In this article we consider the price and quantity indices introduced in the nineties by the Italian statistician Marco Martini (1944–2002). It turns out that Fisher indices can be considered as members of the infinite set of Martini indices. In particular attention is paid to the question to what extent these indices exhibit Consistency-in-Aggregation. This throws new light on the behavior of Fisher indices.
Application of machine learning for ‘what if?’ stress analysis
Authors: Sheen Bemin , Nowell David
Published: November 2024

Analysis of stresses in components of even modestly complex geometries often require the use of finite element analysis (FEA). For testing a large number of design options quickly, FEA can be time consuming and provides more accuracy than required. In this project, a machine learning-based system is developed to provide quick and approximate solutions to stress analysis problems in parametrised compressor disc geometries. Simple mechanics problems were completed preliminarily to test the practicality of machine learning approaches for this application. This included applying instance selection by the [Formula: see text]-medoids algorithm to a 2D FEA problem. A parametrised compressor disc geometry was designed and defined by eight dimensions. Stress fields were produced from two superimposed loading schemes: the rotational body force and the force exerted on the disc by the blades 495,338 samples of training data were collected from 4374 FEA simulations. Four networks were trained to predict stresses caused by each loading scheme in order to produce stress fields. The best network was of the structure 9/20/20/2 and used normalised training data. For the geometry tested, it predicted stresses with a root-mean-square error of 1.51%. The code took 0.7 s to run in total, from start-up to completion of a stress plot. The importance of the inputs in the training data set were scored with a feature selection algorithm to aid further optimisation of the system. The low computation time makes this system suitable for the early stages in a design process.
COVID-19 Concerns and Depression Among Older Adults: Does Race/Ethnic Status Moderate the Association?
Authors: Qu Shan , Avila Jaqueline C. , Nadash Pamela , Stokes Jeffrey E. , Burr Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: This study examined the association between COVID-19 concerns and depression among adults in later life. We also examined whether race/ethnic status moderated this relationship. Research Design and Methods: This study used data from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study. Using the 8-item CES-D scale, we defined probable depression as having three or more depressive symptoms. COVID-19 concerns included items such as concerns about respondents’ own health, the health of family members, respondents’ ability to get help from others, and concerns about the future. The associations between COVID-19 concerns and older adults’ depression were estimated with logistic regression models. Results: Compared to respondents with lower scores on the COVID-19 concern measures, those with higher scores were more likely to be depressed. The moderation model showed the relationship between concerns about what will happen in the future and depression was not as strong among non-Hispanic Black older adults compared to non-Hispanic White older adults. Concerns about own health, family members’ health, the older adult’s financial situation, and the ability to get help did not show moderation effects. Discussion and Implications: The results suggested that healthcare providers should focus on older persons to reduce disparities in the risk of depression during public health emergencies.
Roma vulnerability before the European Court of Human Rights: Towards a structural account
Authors: Khanna Vandita
Published: November 2024

It is well-recognised in human rights law and discourse that the Roma community is one of the most ‘vulnerable’ groups in Europe today, but what remains less developed is why and how the Roma are recognised as vulnerable, and what ‘Roma vulnerability’ means. This article posits that a structural account of Roma vulnerability may help in answering these questions. Such a structural account captures the vulnerability of Roma in the past and the present, as taking economic and cultural forms, spread across laws, policies, and actions, and fundamentally linked to the role of the State. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is, however, yet to acknowledge the structural nature of Roma vulnerability. Without such a structural engagement, there is a risk that human rights violations committed by the State will go unaddressed. The article thus seeks to introduce this structural account in the Court's jurisprudence to better capture the nature, causes, and extent of the vulnerability experienced by the Roma community.
Lease of Life’
Authors: Raza Ahmed , Lone Razi Allah
Published: November 2024

This case presents an ethical dilemma faced by the partners of a restaurant chain that prides itself on its stakeholder approach. The partners must decide whether to implement a health insurance policy for their employees despite the unfavourable financial condition of the company. The case explores the challenge of maintaining consistency in actions and values, especially during hard times. It also examines the issue of the rights of employees in this regard and the business case of providing health insurance. The case aims to help students understand the decisions that executive management faces frequently and the trade-offs between profitability and social responsibility.
From gamers to players: Chinese Generation Z's perspectives on minors dropping out of school to become professional esports players
Authors: Luo Yuxin , Liu Lu , Luo Xianglin , Li Shujuan
Published: November 2024

The research selected responses from Generation Z users on a Chinese question-and-answer website Zhihu, regarding the question ‘My younger brother wants to quit high school to pursue a career as an esports player, should I support him?’ as the primary research data. Utilizing the Social Cognitive Career Theory, the study delved into Generation Z's perspectives on abandoning academic pursuits to become professional esports players, from the aspects of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals as a reflection of Generation Z's career outlook. Generation Z generally finds esports players extremely attractive, but fierce competition, uncertainty about career prospects, and pressure from societal perceptions and family expectations form a challenging career choice. Most Generation Z believe minors should remain rational, but a few Generation Z still think it's okay to give it a try. The study found that Generation Z's view of careers is a combination of romanticism and pragmatism; they cannot completely escape from considerations of career stability and social expectations, but they also value the pursuit of personal interests and the fulfilment of their passions. This duality reflects the inherent contradictions and struggles of Generation Z when confronted with traditional career concepts and modern values. This contradiction is particularly prominent in an emerging and uncertain field such as esports. This study provides profound insights into the underlying motivations of Generation Z's career choices and offers valuable implications for the evolution of societal norms and reforms in employment systems in the future.
Warthin-like Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Aparnna J. N. , Ayyanar Pavithra , Sable Mukund N. , Samal Dillip Kumar , Adhya Amit Kumar , Mishra Pritinanda
Published: November 2024

Warthin-like subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (WLPTC) is a rare subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma. This PTC subtype shows some pattern resemblance to Warthin tumors of the salivary gland, which confers its name but is a not genetically similar to salivary Warthin tumor, with the most frequent genetic change in WLPTC being BRAF p.V600E, the most frequent genetic driver of PTC. Warthin-like subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma is found to have a favorable prognosis. We report a 44-year-old woman who presented with anterior neck swelling and elevated levels of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. Fine-needle aspiration cytology showed features of papillary thyroid carcinoma and lymphocytic thyroiditis. On histopathological examination, thyroid follicular cells have oncocytic cytoplasm with infiltration of the tumor and fibrovascular cores by a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Numerous multinucleated giant cells in the tumor are a notable feature. The final diagnosis is Warthin-like papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in association with chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto) thyroiditis. Along with this case report, we perform a literature review of WLPTC between 2010 and 2024.
Mucinous Borderline Tumors of the Pelvicalyceal System: Report of Two Tumors With Molecular Findings and Review of Literature
Authors: Paralkar Divyangi , Akbari Amir , Kandukuri Shivani , Aron Manju
Published: November 2024

Mucinous borderline tumors of the pelvicalyceal system are exceedingly rare tumors with very little information regarding their clinicopathological characteristics and molecular underpinnings in the published literature. Herein, we report two mucinous borderline tumors and review the literature pertaining to these tumors. The patients were women who presented with flank pain without any history of nephrolithiasis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed multiloculated cystic lesions without mural nodules involving the kidney (Bosniak category III). The nephrectomy specimens showed multiloculated cysts filled with mucoid material, without any solid areas. On microscopic examination, the cystic spaces were lined predominantly by a single layer of mucinous epithelium with variable foci of epithelial stratification. Extensive sampling of the tumors did not show any evidence of invasion. The tumor cells were positive for keratin 7, keratin 20, and CDX2 and were negative for urothelial markers. Molecular analysis performed on one of the tumors showed loss of function mutation of SMAD4 p.S32fs. The presence of SMAD4 alterations alludes to the potential role of the SMAD4-TGFß pathway in the pathogenesis of this tumor. On clinical follow-up, both patients are well with no evidence of disease. Our case report expands on the clinical characteristics of these rare tumors and provides insight into the previously unreported molecular landscape of this tumor.
Development and quality evaluation of a finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) flour incorporated set yoghurt
Authors: Sachini Jayawardana Sooriya Arachchige , Radhika Samarasekera Jayanetti Koralalage Ramani , Madhu Hettiarachchi Gardhi Hettiarachchige Chamari , Gooneratne Mahavidanage Jaanaki
Published: November 2024

Nutritional and therapeutic properties of yoghurts can be enhanced by incorporating bioactive food components. The present study was focused on formulating a finger millet flour incorporated set yoghurt to deliver the inherent health benefits of finger millet to consumers in a ready-to-eat way. Ten yoghurt samples were formulated incorporating different percentages of finger millet flour. Physicochemical and microbiological properties of the yoghurts were evaluated. When considering organoleptic properties, 7% finger millet flour incorporated yoghurt was selected as the most preferable yoghurt among the tested finger millet flour incorporated yoghurts. It was complying with the physicochemical requirements and microbiological limits mentioned in the Sri Lanka Standard - Specification for yoghurts. Incorporation of 7% finger millet flour enhanced the nutritional composition of the yoghurt in terms of total dietary fibers (1.04%), total phenolic content (54.09 mg Gallic acid equivalents/100 g of yoghurt), total flavonoid content (8.00 mg Quercetin equivalents/100 g of yoghurt) and antioxidant properties including ABTS radical scavenging activity (190.81 mg Trolox equivalents/100 g of yoghurt) without affecting the sensory properties. Since it was formulated without adding gelatine, the 7% finger millet flour incorporated yoghurt is suitable for lacto-vegetarians. When stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C, the 7% finger millet flour incorporated yoghurt could be stored satisfactorily for four weeks. The finger millet flour incorporated yoghurt is capable of not only fulfilling the consumer demands for finger millet-based ready-to-eat foods and diversified yoghurt products, but also delivering additional health benefits, beyond the basic nutritional functions of a yoghurt, to consumers.
Topographical and functional analysis of different surgical strategies for advanced pellucid marginal degeneration: A long term follow-up
Authors: Mosca Luigi , Carlà Matteo Mario , Guccione Laura , Vico Umberto De , Scartozzi Luca , Fasciani Romina , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To compare clinical and topographical outcomes of three different surgical strategies for advanced pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD).

Methods

Retrospective, interventional case series of 8 advanced PMDs undergoing three different surgical interventions: Sliding Keratoplasty (SK), Sliding Keratoplasty with Relaxing Incision (SKRI), Sector Lamellar Keratoplasty (SLK). Pre-operatively and at 1, 3, 6, 12-month and final follow-up (50.8 ± 20.6 months) post-operatively, we collected: uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), refractive astigmatism (RA), corneal Ks, topographical astigmatism (TA) and calculated against-the-rule (ATR) component.

Results

CDVA significantly improved from 6 months after surgery ( p = 0.04), while final CDVA was at least 20/40 in 75% of eyes. As desired, surgery led to an overcorrection toward with-the-rule astigmatism at 1-month, which then decreased at 12-month and at final follow-up ( p < 0.05). The ATR-component was significantly decreased at 1-month (1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 17.6 ± 6.3 D pre-operatively, p = 0.0015) and remained quite stable over time (4.2 ± 4.2 D at final follow-up). In subgroup analysis, SK and SKRI offered better CDVA and lower RA, while SLK showed more TA stability. The ATR component, comparing baseline and final follow-ups, decreased from 16.8 ± 8.3 D to 5.9 ± 3.6 after SK; from 18.9 ± 3.6 D to 3.3 ± 3.3 D after SKRI; from 17.0 ± 10.3 D to 1.9 ± 1.5 D after SLK.

Conclusion

The surgical treatment of advanced PMD showed long-term favourable outcomes. SK and SKRI offered better visual outcomes, but were more inclined to astigmatism regression over time. Conversely, SLK had more stable results but offered worse refractive outcomes.
Eco-Chic stays: The influence of green communication on guest booking intentions
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Ahmad Naveed , Lewandowska Anna
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we examine how green communication impacts luxury hotel bookings using data from China. To determine whether green communication has an impact on guests’ decision-making processes, 384 questionnaires were distributed across four major Chinese cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Among the mediators and moderators were perceived brand integrity, intrinsic green motivation, and environmental knowledge. Results indicate that the combinations of perceived brand integrity and green intrinsic motivation affect guests’ booking intentions along with environmental knowledge, according to the results of this study. Luxury hospitality managers can use this research to develop a theoretical framework for sustainable communication with green consumers.
Patterns of eConsult use: A retrospective analysis of usage comparing two models deployed at an academic medical center
Authors: Grim Stephanie , Miller Devin , Mooneyhan Ellen , Kessler Rodger , Fuhlbrigge Anne , Thomas John F
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Electronic consultations (eConsults) have been implemented by numerous academic medical centers (AMCs) to improve communication and address access to specialty care. As these models proliferate, we must understand their comparative benefit and use in various settings.

Methods

This retrospective, descriptive analysis compares eConsult utilization trends at an AMC that has deployed an internal effort and an external pivot. Relevant metrics are presented using counts and proportions or median and range where appropriate.

Results

The internal AMC program demonstrated sustained growth from years 1 through 6, while the external pivot demonstrated considerable growth in year 1, followed by a steady decline in subsequent years. Endocrinology generated the highest number of eConsult orders in both programs (AMC 21%, external pivot 16%). Conversion rates to in-person visits were higher in the external pivot (22%) than in the internal AMC program (14%). Median response time across all specialties was faster (17 hours) for the AMC program than the external pivot (23 hours). The median number of eConsults ordered by any single primary care provider was 3 in both programs. The percentage of providers using the eConsult ordering system only once was approximately 30% in both programs. eConsults were primarily ordered by physicians (68%) at the AMC and physician assistants (40%) in the external pivot.

Discussion

The current study highlights similarities and differences between internal and external eConsult programs that can inform future “right-sizing” of care according to patient needs while promoting local care delivery and improving efficiencies at the AMC.
Detection is Key: Automated Tonic Seizure Detection With a Wearable Device
Authors: Fine Anthony L.
Published: November 2024

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Understanding perspectives and research trends in Down syndrome neuropathogenesis: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Huang Tan , Lam Xin-Jieh , Lim Chong-Teik , Jusoh Norhazlin , Fakurazi Sharida , Cheah Pike-See , Ling King-Hwa
Published: November 2024

Down syndrome (DS), characterised by compromised brain development and intellectual challenges, often manifests Alzheimer's disease (AD) -like symptoms. Utilising the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from January 1, 2000, to July 31, 2023, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package “bibliometrix.” Analyses included co-authorship, co-citation, co-occurrence, cooperative network, reference, and keyword burst citation. Analysing 5,082 papers, the U.S. demonstrated prominence with the highest number of research organisations and citations. Keyword analysis revealed promising research areas, including “Alzheimer's disease,” “development,” “inflammation,” and “neurogenesis”. This 22-year survey of the brain with trisomy 21 research unveils key trends, contributors, and focal areas in DS neuropathogenesis. Notably, Alzheimer ’s-related genes and proteins play a pervasive role in DS neuropathological processes across patients' lifespans. The study contributes foundational knowledge for advancing research and care in the DS neuropathogenesis domain.
The natural history of paediatric trigger thumbs. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Chew Ee Ming , Sim Noah Yu Ting , Lee Nicole Kim Luan , Wong Kenneth Pak Leung , Chua Yi Ling , Chia Dawn Sinn Yii
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to report the natural history of paediatric trigger thumbs, determining the rate and factors predictive of spontaneous resolution. A total of 62 patients presenting with 79 thumbs locked in flexion were observed for a mean of 4.2 years. The median age at presentation was 20.5 months. The spontaneous resolution rate was 37% at 5 years and 50% at 8 years of follow-up. Of the thumbs, 27% had undergone surgery at 5 years and 48% at 8 years. Thumbs that spontaneously resolved did so at a mean of 3.4 years. Thumbs presenting with an interphalangeal joint angle of less than 30° were likely to resolve spontaneously, with a sensitivity of 0.50 and specificity of 0.82. It is reasonable to offer observation alone for 4 to 5 years as the first line of management for paediatric trigger thumb.

Level of evidence: III
Assessing Financial Inclusion Across Indian States and Union Territories
Authors: Basumatary Japil , Chanu Ayekpam Ibemcha
Published: November 2024

Financial inclusion is essential for the effective channelisation of money, allowing individuals to access financial products and services that enhance their financial well-being and contribute to the economic growth of a nation. Governments worldwide are recognising the importance of financial inclusion and are taking initiatives to enhance it. In India, the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), launched in 2014 stands as a significant effort by the government to boost financial inclusion. This study is an attempt to assess financial inclusion across Indian states and union territories, focusing on three key dimensions: automated teller machines (ATM) penetration, insurance penetration and mutual fund penetration. This study is based entirely on secondary data, sourced from the annual reports of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) and Unique Identification Authority of India (UIAI). The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the current state of financial inclusion in India and will contribute to effective policy formation aimed at enhancing financial inclusion across Indian states and union territories.
Students’ Perception Towards Solid Waste Management and Environmental Sustainability of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Campus, Awka
Authors: Ojukwu Henry Sonna , Chuka Enemuo-Uzozie Chuka , Patrick Moneme Chigozie
Published: November 2024

Nigeria’s rising population makes waste generation an inevitable endeavour. In the journey of national development, waste generation is static. With a population of over 170 million, Nigeria produces a staggering volume of solid waste, of which less than 20% is collected through a formal system. Waste generation on the Nnamdi Azikiwe University campus, Awka, has remained contentious as generated waste is neither categorised nor recycled for re-usage purposes. The survey research method was adopted for this research, with the questionnaire utilised as research instrument. This study included the entire population due to size manageability. Statistically, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were fit for purpose and, hence, utilised. Findings revealed that biological processing of waste and environmental waste management education would result in the environmental sustainability of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University campus, Awka. This study recommends that the university management prioritise building a biological waste processing facility and champion the creation of environmental waste management education awareness for improved harmful waste generation and control.
Slovenian Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Content Validation of the Updated Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2)
Authors: Drole Kristina , Steffen Kathrin , Paravlic Armin
Published: November 2024

Background:

The updated Oslo Sports Trauma Research Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2) has been translated into a limited set of languages and lacks full validation of its new measures.

Purpose:

To (1) translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate the measurement properties of the OSTRC-H2 for the Slovenian population and (2) investigate the construct validity for the severity score and time lost due to a health problem.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The OSTRC-H2 was translated from English to Slovenian (OSTRC-H2-SLO) according to international guidelines. A 15-week study was conducted among 188 elite athletes, with a test-retest performed in the 10th week. Internal consistency, reliability, content validity, feasibility, and potential ceiling effects were investigated. Internal consistency was measured using the Cronbach alpha coefficient, while reliability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was measured with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient ( rS).

Results:

There was a 95% response rate and an 18% mean weekly prevalence of health problems. The OSTRC-H2-SLO showed excellent test-retest reliability (ICC, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.67-0.99]), with a Cronbach α of .93. A strong positive correlation was found between the OSTRC-H2-SLO severity score and days lost due to an acute injury ( rS = 0.754), overuse injury ( rS = 0.785), and illness ( rS = 0.894) ( P < .001 for all). Moderate to strong negative correlations were observed between severity score and total load (training and competition load in hours) as well as between days lost and total load ( P < .001 for all).

Conclusion:

The OSTRC-H2-SLO was found to be valid, reliable, and well accepted among Slovenian athletes. The authors confirmed the questionnaire's construct validity and identified total load as an indicator of an increase in the severity score.

Registration:

NCT05471297 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Higher Dynamic Balance Performance Was Associated With Cognitive Function Among U.S. Community-Dwelling Low-Income Older Adults
Authors: Komalasari Renata , Mpofu Elias , Chen (Rita) (Chang) Hui , Talluntondok Eva Berthy , Uligraff Deby Kristiani , Zhan Rongfang , Thiamwong Ladda
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Multiple studies have reported the association between balance performance and cognitive function among older adults. However, few studies have been conducted in low-income settings.

Objectives

This cross-sectional study examined the relationships of dynamic and static balance with cognitive function in community-dwelling low-income older adults in Orlando, Florida.

Methods

Dynamic balance was assessed with a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and static balance with BTracks Balance System. Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) assessed cognition and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 assessed depressive symptoms.

Results

Multiple regression analysis showed dynamic balance was significantly associated with cognition, but static balance was not, controlling for depressive symptoms ( N = 89, Mage  = 72.70, SD ± 6.95; females = 79). Specifically, higher dynamic balance was associated with better cognitive function. Cognitively healthy participants (RUDAS scores ≥23) scored 2.526 points higher in SPPB than those with possible cognitive impairment (RUDAS scores <23).

Conclusions

Findings provide the evidence to suggest dynamic balance and cognitive function health disparities affecting older adults from low-income community. By implication, dynamic balance and cognitive function should be part of routine screening with older adults living in low-income communities.
Elementary Preservice Teachers’ Experiences at the Intersection of Culturally Sustaining and Historically Responsive Pedagogy, Early Literacy, and the Science of Reading
Authors: Marek Molly C. , Godfrey Vickie
Published: November 2024

This phenomenological study reports findings related to preservice teachers’ experiences mentoring early elementary readers. Preservice teachers in this study were enrolled in a literacy methods course designed to develop their understanding of early literacy, including knowledge of the written code and culturally sustaining and historically responsive pedagogy, and prepare them for the Texas’ Science of Teaching Reading exam. Within this context, we explored how preservice teachers worked to bridge multiple approaches to literacy instruction. Thematic results illustrate how preservice teachers sustained the lifeways of children through literacy as a social practice, created space for code-based and meaning-making skills, and learned to teach responsively. These results provide implications for a comprehensive approach to preparing teachers of elementary literacy: one that fosters knowledge of the written code while contextualizing knowledge in children's cultures, communities, and experiences.
Understanding the Interconnected Dynamics of Social Media Marketing, Consumer Engagement, and Brand Equity: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Naaz Saman , Nasim Saboohi
Published: November 2024

In today’s digital age, social media’s vast reach and direct consumer interactions make it pivotal for marketers. However, research linking specific social media marketing (SMM) elements to brand-related outcomes remains limited. This study, grounded in the Stimulus-Organism-Response model and Uses and Gratification Theory, explores how SMM elements impact consumer–brand engagement (CBE) across cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, considering varying consumer trust levels. The study also proposes a relationship between CBE and brand equity, offering theoretical and practical insights to enhance brand value through effective social media strategies.
Current knowledge on Inquilinus limosus, a scarcely researched human pathogen
Authors: Akinnurun Oluwafemi M. , Riedel Thomas , Müller Stephanie , Bunk Boyke , Schröttner Percy
Published: November 2024

Inquilinus limosus belongs to the class of the Alphaproteobacteria and was first described in 2002. So far, the species has mainly been isolated from respiratory specimens of patients with cystic fibrosis. A main characteristic of Inquilinus limosus is the prolonged time until bacterial colony growth is detectable. As the defined incubation times in many laboratories are too short to detect the growth of Inquilinus limosus, it is likely that the species is less frequently detected in the clinical setting than it actually occurs. This also explains why there are currently only very few data on the incidence available. Furthermore, as an uncommon pathogen, Inquilinus limosus may be familiar to only a few specialised clinicians. Due to these reasons, only little research (e.g. case reports and research papers) have been published on this species to date. However, given that a clear human pathogenic significance can be deduced from the existing literature, we have decided to present the current state of knowledge in this review and to address further aspects for the future elucidation of the pathogenesis of Inquilinus limosus.
Novel prognostic factors and combination therapy outcomes in Morbihan disease: insights from an Asian population
Authors: Park Jungyul , Kim Moon-Bum , Choi Hee-young , Yang Suk-woo
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to identify novel prognostic factors for Morbihan disease (MD) treatment outcomes and evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy in an Asian population, addressing the gaps in current understanding of this rare condition.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of MD patients diagnosed and treated at a tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2023. Patients received combinations of oral medications (tetracycline, isotretinoin, corticosteroids), topical treatments (tacrolimus, ivermectin), and intralesional steroid injections. Treatment response (TR) was defined as complete symptom remission, while partial remission or recurrence was considered a poor response (PR). Clinical, histological, and biochemical parameters were analyzed to identify prognostic factors.

Results

The study included 24 patients (18 men; mean age 61.3 years). Ten patients (41.7%) achieved TR, while 14 (58.3%) showed PR. Significant prognostic factors for TR included shorter symptom duration (≤ 3 months, p = 0.016), lower LDL cholesterol levels (≤ 89 mg/dL, p = 0.046), combination treatment with oral and topical medications (p = 0.033 at 6 months), and partial response at 1 month (p = 0.017). GLMM analysis identified the number of visits (p < 0.001), symptom duration (p = 0.020), and dyslipidemia (p = 0.006) as significant prognostic factors. Histologically, perivascular and perifollicular lymphocytic infiltration were the most common findings (83.3%). Notably, 50% of patients were ANA-positive, challenging previous diagnostic criteria.

Conclusion

This study identifies novel prognostic factors for favorable outcomes in MD, including early intervention and lipid management. Combination therapy, particularly with tacrolimus ointment, shows promise in improving treatment responses. These findings suggest a potential link between lipid metabolism and MD pathophysiology, opening new avenues for targeted therapies.
Association of life’s essential 8 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007–2018
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Li Weidong , Tang Jialing , Gao Siyao
Published: November 2024

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is closely linked to cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between Life’s Essential 8 (LE8), the newly established measurement to assess cardiovascular health (CVH), and COPD among U.S. general adults.

Methods

This study extracted the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2018) data. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between LE8 and COPD. A restricted cubic spline regression model was used to explore the dose-response relationships between LE8 scores and COPD. In addition, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of our results.

Results

Our study included 19,774 participants representing 145.2 million non-institutionalized U.S. population aged ≥ 20 years. The overall age-adjusted prevalence of COPD was 4.5%. After adjusting for the potential covariates, LE8 was inversely associated with COPD [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.169, 95% CI: 0.115, 0.249], exhibiting a nonlinear dose-response relationship (P for nonlinearity < 0.05). Similar trends in the associations of health behavior score (AOR = 0.300, 95% CI: 0.223, 0.404) and health factor score (AOR = 0.603, 95% CI: 0.426, 0.852) with COPD were also identified. Furthermore, higher LE8 metric scores of nicotine exposure and sleep health were associated with a lower prevalence of COPD.

Conclusion

LE8 was inversely associated with spirometric/self-reported COPD in a nonlinear trend, primarily driven by the nicotine exposure metric of LE8. Adhering to LE8 guidelines, especially smoking cessation, to sustain optimal CVH levels may be beneficial to alleviate the burden of COPD.
Coping strategies for household water insecurity in rural Gambia, mediating factors in the relationship between weather, water and health
Authors: Bose Indira , Dreibelbis Robert , Green Rosemary , Murray Kris A. , Ceesay Omar , Kovats Sari
Published: November 2024

Background

Rural communities in low- and middle-income countries, such as The Gambia, often experience water insecurity periodically due to climate drivers such as heavy rainfall and reduced rainfall, as well as non-climate drivers such as infrastructural issues and seasonal workloads. When facing these challenges households use a variety of coping mechanisms that could pose a risk to health. We aimed to understand the drivers of water insecurity (climate and non-climate), the behavioural responses to water insecurity and the risks these responses pose to the health of communities in rural Gambia and map these findings onto a conceptual framework.

Methods

We interviewed 46 participants using multiple qualitative methods. This included in-depth interviews and transect walks. A subset of 27 participants took part in three participatory pile-sorting activities. In these activities participants were asked to rank water-related activities, intrahousehold prioritisation of water, and the coping strategies utilised when facing water insecurity.

Results

Multiple strategies were identified that people used to cope with water shortages, including: reductions in hygiene, changes to food consumption, and storing water for long periods. Many of these could inadvertently introduce risks for health. For example, limiting handwashing increases the risk of water-washed diseases. Deprioritising cooking foods such as millet, which is a nutrient-dense staple food, due to the high water requirements during preparation, could impact nutritional status. Additionally, storing water for long periods could erode water quality.

Social factors appeared to play an important role in the prioritisation of domestic water-use when faced with water shortages. For example, face-washing was often maintained for social reasons. Health and religion were also key influencing factors. People often tried to protect children from the effects of water insecurity, particularly school-aged children, but given the communal nature of many activities this was not always possible. Many people associated water insecurity with poor health.

Conclusions

To reduce the risks to health, interventions need to address the drivers of water insecurity to reduce the need for these risky coping behaviours. In the short term, the promotion of behavioural adaptations that can help buffer health risks, such as water treatment, may be beneficial.