bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of Bulking and Porous Structure on Barium Nitrate as Pyrotechnic Oxidants
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Chen Xin , Feng Ming Hui , Zheng Zai Fang , Pan Gong Pei , Lv Hui Ping
Published: July 2012

An experimental investigation was carried out to explore the major physical and chemical properties of expanded barium nitrate. Expanded barium nitrate with porous structure was made. The method is as follows: moderately evaporate the solution of barium nitrate and inorganic vesicant; heat the crystallized mixture to decompose the inorganic vesicants. The inorganic vesicants are potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium oxalate, potassium acetate, ammonium acetate and ammonium perchlorate. The SEM shows that the modified barium nitrate with potassium carbonate has obvious porous structure. The bulk density of the modified barium nitrate with ammonium perchlorate decreases by 14.6% and the hygroscopicity of that with ammonium oxalate is only 0.06%. The one with sodium carbonate decomposes at 300°C. The safety test shows that both the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity are 0%.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Hydrogen Adsorption in Li Doped Single Walled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Wang Li Li , Tang Yong Jian , Wang Chao Yang , Liu Jian Bo
Published: July 2012

This work presents a first-principles molecular dynamics study of hydrogen storage in Li doped single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The decomposition and adsorption between Li atom and H2 molecular are studied by bonds analysis and energy evolvement of interaction process. The modify effects of Li doped SWCNTs are studied by band structure and of states density analysis, as well as the structure transformation of SWCNTs. The enhanced hydrogen storage in Li doped SWCNTs at room temperature and common pressure is studied by first principles molecular dynamics simulation. The relationship between dope position of Li atoms and hydrogen storage also studied, and finally confirm the best dope position and provide a reference for the further research of alkali metals doped CNT.
Influence of Sintering Temperature on the Structure of SrFeCoO3-δ Oxide
Authors: Chen Su Qin , Huang Xiang Hong
Published: July 2012

SrFeCoO3-δ oxides have been synthesized by citrate method and the effect of sintering temperature on the structure of the samples has been analyzed. The experimental results show that the samples sintered at different temperatures are mainly composed of SrFe0.5Co0.5O3 with perovskite structure. The impure phases decrease and the intensity of the diffraction peaks of the SrFe0.5Co0.5O3 perovskite phase increases with the increase of the sintering temperature. High pure SrFe0.5Co0.5O3 perovskite phase can be obtained after sintering at 1000°C and 1100°C. The particle size with irregular morphology increases with the increase of the sintering temperature.
A New Type of Reaction of N2 with Li
Authors: Yang Chi
Published: July 2012

The reaction of N2 with lithium at electrode in lithium ion batteries was reported in this paper. At room temperature, N2 can react with lithium, mainly at anode, to form Li3N in an electrochemical system very easily during charge-discharge cycles. Li3N has been characterized by XPS. Experimental results also revealed that the higher of the current density and higher of the temperature resulted in quicker of the nitrogen-fixation reaction. The reaction can be brought about almost completely in the lithium ion batteries at room temperature. This could be a new method for preparation of Li3N at room temperature.
Experimental Study on the Mineral Processing of a High-Clay and Lean Hematite
Authors: Wang Wei Zhi , Jia Qing Mei , Yang Chun Guang
Published: July 2012

The mineral processing experimental research was carried out on a high mud content lean hematite. The results showed that using the technological flowsheet of “stage grinding- low intensity magnetic separation for obtaining concentrate - high-intensity magnetic separation for discarding tailings-gravity separation(shaking table)”,a final iron concentrate with TFe grade of 65.89% ,yield of 19.35% and iron recovery of 52.32% from the raw ores with TFe grade of 24.07％ was obtained, with the first stage grinding size being 50% -200 mesh and the second stage,95% -200 mesh.
Research Progress of Unsupported Nano Catalyst
Authors: Li Ya Hong , Zhu Yu Qin
Published: July 2012

Unsupported MoS2hydrodesulfurization(HDS) catalysts is sulfide in its original state, so there is no need to add toxic sulfur compounds to presulfurize the hydrogenation catalyst, which has ultra-high capacity to HDS and causing attentions. This paper focuses on summarizing the preparation, characterization and desulfurization mechanism of unsupported nano MoS2catalyst and provides its future research directions.
Variation Characteristics of Reservoir Physical Properties after Thermal Recovery in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Dong Xiao Hu , Liu Hui Qing , Pang Zhan Xi , Yi Yong Gang
Published: July 2012

With the development of heavy oil reservoirs, it faced a series of problems. Using the theory of thermal-hydrological-mechanical (THM) coupling, a predictive model of reservoir physical properties (RPP) after thermal recovery is established. Based on this model, the changing process of reservoir physical properties is simulated by the method of numerical simulation. The obtained results show that the sand production has a significant influence on RPP. By contrast with rock deformation, it has a smaller influence on RPP. The influence caused by the former is about 5~8 times than latter. During the period of steam injection, resulting from the movement of sand grain and expansion of reservoir, both porosity and permeability of reservoir are on the rise. Due to the sand production and reservoir compression, a reducing tendency is happened in the production period. The changes of RPP in reservoir are huge along the main streamline direction, and it might change because of the presence of high-permeability path.
Research on Modeling Method of Thermodynamic Verifying Calculation for Heat-Supply Network
Authors: Lv Yu Kun , Chang Shuai , Ge Ze Kun , Lv Wei Run
Published: July 2012

This paper establishes a model of thermal checking calculation of heat supply network based on graph theory and thermodynamic calculation, by analyzing directly buried installation of thermal network utilizing the heat-transfer mechanism and principle of thermal equilibrium. Take the directly buried heat supply network for instance, in which hot water is as a heat medium. The establishment of the spatial database and attribute database of thermal network based on GIS and Microsoft Access respectively, as well as the thermodynamic calculation of thermal networks based on GIS developed by object oriented programming language VB is done .Thus enables point-and-click query, update on property and thermal calculation functions. Finally, through comparative study on the calculation results and actual operation of the system, we find the relative error of the thermodynamic temperature is less than 10%.
Heat and Mass Transfer at Low Temperatures, in a Trapezoidal Closed Cavity
Authors: Maalem M.S. , Benzaoui A.
Published: July 2012

An experimental study, in a trapezoidal closed cavity had been led in our laboratory. The considered cavity includes a vaporizing horizontal surface, two condensing ones; one is of glass and the other of aluminium surface. It is cooled down by flowing water. The other walls are thermally isolated. Acquired results allowed to identify the regime of air flow inside the cavity, to assess the mean exchange coefficients of heat and mass, across the three walls and to write a correlation for the mean Sherwood and Nusselt numbers, established for laminar flow regime. These results are important to model many solar uses as solar distillers, solar dryers, etc… We present, in this report experimental results and in a future paper, the written mathematical model and a numerical simulation.
Separation of Methanol/Water Mixtures from Dilute Aqueous Solutions Using Pervaporation Technique
Authors: Champreda Verawat , Stuckey David , Boontawan Apichat
Published: July 2012

The composite polydimethylsiloxane PERVAPTM 4060 was used for separation of methanol/water solutions by using pervaporation technique. The effect of feed concentration, feed temperature, and feed flow rate were investigated for the separation performance. The experimental data showed that increasing of the feed methanol concentration from 0.5 to 10 wt% resulted in an increase in total permeation flux up for to 35 % whilst the separation factor (α) decreased by 85%. The results also showed that increasing operating temperature from 40 to 60 °C caused an increases in methanol permeance up to 130%.
Design of Heat Exchanger Based on SW6
Authors: Yi Deng Li
Published: July 2012

According to GB151 and GB150, the process design and structure design have been done for the floating head heat exchanger which is common in the chemical unit operation equipment. The software SW6 is used to compute the wall thickness, loading and etc. Strength design and structure design of the Tube-sheets, Tube-Chambers and Supports have also been finished on SW6. The results show that the equipment can meet the required strength.
Calculation on the Height of Liquid Seal for the Top of Tower
Authors: Sun Yue Qiu , Yan Shao Feng
Published: July 2012

Bernoulli equation is used in this paper to deduce the calculation formula for the height of liquid seal in the U shape tube. Practice shows the result is reasonable and right.The conclusions provide foundation for engineering design.
Hydrodynamics Characteristics of Spouted Bed with Porous Draft Tube
Authors: Wang Jin Gang , Zhang Shao Feng , He Liang
Published: July 2012

Spouted bed with porous draft tube is an improved type of conventional spouted bed which is a special kind of fluidized bed. Hydrodynamic characteristics are vital to design and normal operating of spouted bed with porous draft tube, but less research has been carried out. Two key hydrodynamics factors including maximum spouted bed height and minimum spouting velocity were studied by a series of experiments. The effects and mechanisms of features of draft tube including diameter, installing position and hole opening ratio on hydrodynamics factors were analyzed. The results are of great value to the design and optimization of spouted bed with porous draft tube and broad the engineering application sphere of spouted bed.
Modal Analysis of Vegetable Transplanter’s Mounting Headstock Based on ANSYS
Authors: Wang Jun Ling , Zhu Xin Xin , Zhang Zu Li , Song Yu Qiu
Published: July 2012

Mounting headstock is an important part of the vegetable transplanting machine, its strength directly affects the machine's performance. The modal analysis of three types of headstocks while lifting and lowering implement were carried out with ANSYS finite element analysis software, the natural vibration characteristics including natural frequency, damping ratio and modal vibration mode of each particular mode without external interference were obtained, The comparison among the three structures was conducted and it may provide a theoretical basis for the structure design of the mounting headstock of vegetable transplanting machine .
Genetic Algorithm Study on the Flow Distribution Characteristics of Pneumatic Conveying in Pipe Network System
Authors: Ren Fang , Wang Xiao Ning , Zhao Ting
Published: July 2012

This paper mainly conducts experiments on distribution characteristics of the millet and hollow glass beads which have the same average particle diameter and different densities in horizontal T branch pipe, analyzing related data. At the same time it uses BP network optimized by genetic algorithm to conduct simulation prediction. The results show that the distribution fraction of any material in two branch pipes of the same resistance is basically the same, the fluctuation of the material with less density and larger particles is larger when the superficial gas velocity changes. When two control valves opening are not the same, and A control valve fully open, with the B’s reducing, the mass fraction which is assigned to the collection container B has larger overall decline, and the range of it gradually increases. It can be seen that the inflection point of fluid state changing in pipeline is related to density and has nothing to do with particle size. When the superficial gas velocity is smaller than the inflection point, with the decreasing of control valve opening in branch pipe B, the reduction extent of the mass fraction for the materials with less density and larger particles which is assigned to collection container B is larger. The comparison between the genetic algorithm predictive value and the experimental value shows that they are in good agreement. It has a higher prediction accuracy to simulate flow distribution characteristics by using genetic algorithm.
The Fatigue Analysis of Pressure Vessels Based on Workbench
Authors: Su Xing Ye , Li Qin , Wang Hong Mei
Published: July 2012

With the rapid development of petrochemical industry, the operation condition of pressure vessels under the alternating load was increasing and the probability of fatigue failure was also on the rise. As a result, pressure vessel fatigue analysis is gaining the designer's attention. This paper describes the key steps and techniques of the fatigue analysis of pressure vessel based on Workbench platform using the lock hopper of the coal chemical industry as an example.
Fracture Analysis of Drilling Jar’s Joint
Authors: Pan Zhi Yong , Zhang Hua Jia , Li Chao , Liu Wen Hong , Song Sheng Yin , Wang Xin Hu
Published: July 2012

The fracture failure research on a drilling jar’s top joint was carried out on basis of correlative theories and tests. Macroscopic analysis, dimension measurement and nondestructive testing were done for failure joint. The material’s chemical and physical properties were tested. The drilling strings assembly was analyzed specially and the bending strength ratio between top joint and adapter joint was calculated detailedly. The results showed that the drilling jar’s joint was broken because of fatigue induced by irrational drilling strings assembly and improper matching between top joint and adapter joint. The joint’s fatigue life was reduced further because material’s impact toughness is less than standard value.
Analysis and Suggestion on Design Methods for Volute Shape of Centrifugal Fans
Authors: Lv Yu Kun , Song Bao Jun , Liu Hai Feng
Published: July 2012

Analyzed the methods of designing centrifugal fans' volute shape and summarized the characters,advantages,disadvantages and application scopes of various methods.On the base of unequal square method,this paper introudces the unequal square vertex parts line method and the unequal rectangle method in order to solve the problem of distangency of two adjacent circular arc.
Studies on the Catalytic Performance of the Nieuwland Catalyst and Anhydrous Catalyst in the Dimerization of Acetylene to Monovinylacetylene
Authors: Liu Jian Guo , Han Ming Han , Wang Zhan Wen
Published: July 2012

The present work aimed to find reasons for different catalytic ability of the Nieuwland catalyst and anhydrous catalyst in dimerization of acetylene to produce Monovinylacetylene (MVA). The results showed the catalytic ions in the Nieuwland catalyst and the anhydrous catalyst were CuCl-2 and Cu2Cl-3 respectively by studies on the Cu-containing crystals recovered from corresponding catalyst. CuCl-2 in crystal A and Cu2Cl-3 in crystal B has similar crystal structure, however, Cu(Ι) in Cu2Cl-3 has higher electron density due to stronger bond energy of Cu(Ι)-Cl, which may contribute to the higher activity of the anhydrous catalyst than that of Nieuwland catalyst.
Visualization Experiment on the Start-up Performance of the Close Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe
Authors: Wang Xun , Yang Cheng Si , Mao Xin Xin , Han Tong
Published: July 2012

Through the visualization experiment, the behavior evolution of the vapor and liquid slugs in the pulsating heat pipe (PHP) was investigated in the start-up process. Optical visualization results indicate that the flow pattern mainly is slug flow in the start-up process. In the early stage of the start-up process, the distribution of vapor and liquid slugs was random at the beginning, and then gradually develops to the other form which can easily pulsate in the PHP. In the later stage, pulsation stagnation in short time and reversing of the flow direction of the working fluid could be found at low heat load, when there exists the circulation flow in the PHP. Circulation was formed along a certain direction at high heat load. In addition, the PHP can be started up with less time and lower minimum start load by using working fluid which has lower latent heat.
Studies on Ni/ZrO2 Catalyst in YBCO Membrane Reactor by TG on Methane Partial Oxidation to Syngas
Authors: Chen Rui Li , Jia Qing Chao , Zhao Ling , Kang Rui Qin , Niu Yong Sheng
Published: July 2012

We investigated the Ni/ZrO2 catalyst performance of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) membrane reactor in the process of partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas by TG. The activity of the catalyst effected not only on the methane conversion but also CO selectivity. The effect of temperature on CO selectivity was little and could be neglected.The change of CH4 conversion along time was caused by the deactivation of catalyst or/and the decay of membrane reactor. The loss of catalysts increase with temperature accoding to the carves of TG .
Failure Analysis of Gas Turbine in the Energy Recovery System of FCC Unit
Authors: Ma Yan Jie
Published: July 2012

Gas turbine is the important energy recovery device in the crude oil catalytic cracking process, the operation of the gas turbine, not only related to the energy consumption level of the device, the energy consumption size of the electric power resource, but also related to the safe operation of the whole set, it can guarantee the steady producing of whole catalytic cracking unit. By using isokinetic sampling method, this study evaluates the separation properties of the third stage cyclone separator and found that the high concentrion and particles which is larger than 10 micrometre cause the failure of gas turbine.
Numerical Study of the Gas Flow in the Swirl Tube
Authors: Gao Guang Cai , Wang Jian Jun , Jin You Hai
Published: July 2012

The gas flow field in the swirl tube was studied by experimental measurement and numerical simulation. The results show that the simulation results based on the Reynolds stress turbulent model is in good agreement with the measured results probed by the five orifice Pitot-tube. Meantime, it is analyzed that there is short cut stream at the end of the exit tube, and at the dust discharge jaws, the particles are prone to be re-entrained from the hopper. All results above provide a base for further research on the optimization of the structure and the improvement of the separation performance of the swirl tube.
The Hot-Plugging Clamp Design of the Petrochemical Equipment Pipeline
Authors: Wang Jin Gang , Fan Fu Jing
Published: July 2012

Liquid leaking accidents of petrochemical equipment were always happened in weld joint of the pipeline. In order to deal with the accidents, the hot-plugging technique was adopted. And the clamp design which was the difficult point of this technology must be valued. In this paper, the hot-plugging technique and the structure of the clamp were introduced. And the calculation formula of the clamp thickness was deduced based on the influence of the injecting hole on the clamp and GB150-98. And the results would be the fundament of further study of the hot-plugging clamp design
Study on Flow Field Intensification of Dynamic Pre-Cyclone Separators
Authors: Zou Jiu Peng , Liu Feng Xia , Dai Yu Qiang , Wu Jin Tao , Liu Pei Qi , Zhu Che , Zhang Li Ming , Hu Da Peng
Published: July 2012

Abstract Because of external driving, dynamic pre-cyclone separators have excellent operational performances in areas of pressure vary occasionally. In this work, a numerical model of the dynamic separator been built and the flow field is thoroughly studied. The distribution results of angular velocity show that an appropriate structure of pre-cyclone vanes is of great importance to get a relative uniform flow angular velocity field. A novel structure of pre-cyclone vanes under different separation requirements is developed and verified by a number of experiments.
Synthesis of a New Kind of Red Polymaleic Acid Dyes with High Fixation on Cotton
Authors: Deng Yong , Tang Bing Tao , Ma Wei , Zhang Shu Fen
Published: July 2012

A new kind of red polymaleic acid dyes was designed and synthesized through diazotization-coupling reaction of a polymeric coupling component, which was prepared based on poly(maleic anhydride) and 1-amino-8-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (H acid), and was then characterized by FTIR and 13C NMR. The dyes were evaluated on dyeing of cotton. Results showed that cotton dyed with the polymaleic acid dyes possessed high fixation and good fastness properties.
The Influence of Single Jersey Knitted Fabric Structure on the Ultraviolet Radiation Protection Propery
Authors: Chong H.K.S. , Chan Y.Y. , Kan C.W. , Lam J.K.C. , Ng S.P. , Hu H. , Yuen C.W.M.
Published: July 2012

In this project, the effect of different kinds of the knitted fabric structure in relation to the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protection was studied. Different single jersey knitting structures were investigated such as plain, pineapple, lacoste and other combinations of different knitting stitches of knit, tuck and miss. The results showed that different knitted structure would provide different UVR protection behaviour.
Study of Flotation Deinking of Old Magazine and Mixed Office Waste Paper
Authors: Li Rong Gang , Xie Xiao Feng , Zhao Chuan Shan
Published: July 2012

The effect of flotation parameters such as flotation consistency, temperature, flotation time, air to pulp ratio, and velocity of pulp flow (turbulence level) on OMG/MOW deinking efficiency was studied by using a high-consistency laboratory pulper and a laboratory deinking cell. The optimized flotation conditions were: flotation consistency 1.1%, 40°C, 8min, air to pulp ratio 40%, velocity of pulp flow 3.5m/s and pH 9.0. By using the optimized flotation conditions, the deinked pulp brightness could reach 70.56%ISO, 11.78%ISO higher than that of the control, the effective residual ink concentration was 108.46 mg/kg, which less than 378.14mg/kg of the control, theoretic deinking efficiency was up to 88.41%.
Modification of Softwood Bleached Pulp Suitable for Viscose Cellulose with High Liquid Water
Authors: Xu Yong Jian , Wang Jiao , Yuan Shi Min , Yue Xiao Peng
Published: July 2012

Softwood pulp was used to prepare dissolving pulp suitable for viscose fiber by three procedures (liquid hot water, sodium hypochlorite oxidation and alkali extraction). The impacts of main factors, such as temperature, reaction time, concentration and chlorine loading on the methylcellulose content and the polymerization degree were investigated. Firstly, the pulp was pretreated by liquid hot water, Under the optimized conditions (concentration 9.0%, temperature 180°C, treating time 40min), the methylcellulose content and the polymerization degree of pulp were 88.47% and 768, respectively. Secondly, the treated pulp was oxidized by sodium hypochlorite. Under the optimized conditions (chlorine loading 2.0%, treating temperature 50°C, treating time 1h), the methylcellulose content and the polymerization degree were 91.54% and 528, respectively. Finally, the oxidized pulp was treated by sodium hydroxide（ alkali loading 13%）under 20°C for 1h. After these procedures, the methylcellulose content and polymerization degree were 95.85% and 536, respectively. The quality of cellulose fiber can meet the utilization requirement for viscose fiber production.
Study on Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Art Paper Printability
Authors: Li Zhi Jian , Meng Qing Jun , Yang Bao Hong
Published: July 2012

Paper printability directly affects the printing process and the final quality of printing matter. Therefore, it is significant to establish accurate, scientific, reasonable comprehensive evaluation model of the paper printability. Five art paper samples were researched in this paper. Different paper properties including whiteness, opacity, smoothness, ink absorption, tensile strength and burst strength were tested. The comprehensive evaluation model of art paper printability was obtained by using SPSS software. Then printing dot gain rate, printing density, printing glossiness and overprint rate were measured for verifying predicted results. Results show that the evaluation model can provide a practical and quantitative method for rapid evaluation of comprehensive printability of art paper.
The Influence of Offset Paper Properties on Printing Effect
Authors: Li Zhi Jian , Meng Qing Jun , Liu Liang
Published: July 2012

Offset paper properties have great influence on the quality of print matter. Eleven offset paper samples were printed by IGT printability tester, then the density and L*a*b values of printed samples were measured. The relationship between paper properties and optical density or color gamut of paper printed was studied. The results show that main density increases with the increased ink quantity before the main density reaches saturation, the saturation density becomes greater with increased ink absorbency. When the smoothness is larger, lower ink quantity is needed for reaching saturation density, and larger color gamut is obtained. This study will provide references for the paper making and printing enterprises.
The Analyses of Lignin Structure and Molecular Distribution of pH6 from Dissolved Soda-AQ Lignin
Authors: Dong Li Bin , Liu Yu
Published: July 2012

The Chinese poplar was used as the raw material in this study. Conversational Soda-AQ cooking was carried out. The acid-precipitating method was used to separate the dissolved lignin from the black liquor. The FT-IR spectra was quantitatively analyzed and compared in order to discover the change of lignin structures. The lignin 31P—NMR spectra of pH6 lignin samples was obtained and the functional groups of the lignin was quantitatively analyzed and compared in order to discover the change of lignin structures during Soda-AQ cooking. Syrinl-OH was 50~60 percent, Guaiacyl-OH was 40~50 percent. The pH6 lignin samples of 31P-NMR spectra aliphatic OH was 5.93 m mol/g, COOH was 0.99 m mol/g, total phenolic OH 7.07 m mol/g. The molecular weight distribution curves of lignin samples obtained from gel permeation chromatography analysis system was shown that Mw was 1506g/mol, Mn was 2888 g/mol and polydispersity was 5257 g/mol.
Wood Powder Used in Paper Making to Improve Bulkness
Authors: Yu Dong Mei , Zhao Chuan Shan , Wu Chao Jun , Wang Dai Qi
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we studied the possibility of wood powder in place of mechanical pulp in paper making to get high bulkness, also the dry-bleaching method of wood powder, the strength enhancement and retention effect for wood powder during paper making were all introduced and analyzed in detail.
The Measuring of the Superheated Steam Thermal Flux Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Yan Shao Feng , Zhang Hui , Sun Yue Qiu
Published: July 2012

superheated steam; thermal flow; neural network; simulation of computer Abstrct: It was established that the measuring system model of the superheated steam heat flux based on the Artificial Neural Networks technology, and the measureing of the thermal flow, the compensation of the pressure and the temperature of the superheated steam were achieved. The error analysis of the measuring system was made by using the computer. The online data collection, computation, storage, real-time display and history date query were realized, which make the system more live and reliable.
Deactivation Behavior of CuXCe1-XO2-X/SBA-15/Cordierite Monolithic Catalysts for Catalytic Combustion of CO
Authors: Zhao Fu Zhen , Liang Wen Qiang , Ling Sheng Bin , Wu Yu Qing , Zhang Ai Qing
Published: July 2012

A series of CuxCe1-xO2-x/SBA-15/cordierite (x = 0-1) catalysts were prepared. The activity of the catalysts for CO combustion was evaluated. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Deactivation behavior of the catalysts for the catalytic combustion of CO was investigated. The results show that all of the catalysts retained the SBA-15 mesoporous structure. It is proposed that deactivation of the catalysts is associated with the increase of the Cu+ and the decrease of the Cu2+ in the catalysts.
Research on Catalytic Combustion of Low Concentration Methane in Combustion Channel of Compact Reformer
Authors: Yang Chao , Yang Guo Gang , Yue Dan Ting , Lv Xin Rong , Yuan Jin Liang
Published: July 2012

The combustion channel of compact methane reformer includes fuel flow duct, porous layer and solid connector. There are heat transport and multi-component species diffusion/convection processes in porous structure. The transfer processes are coupled with methane catalytic combustion, and affect the performance and stability of reformer. A 3D in-house code has been developed to simulate the mass and heat transfer processes involving chemical reactions in the reformer channel in specific condition (mass fraction of CH4YCH4is less than 1% in the mixture of methane and air). It shows that, catalytic combustion reactions mainly tack place on the porous layer near inlet with a higher temperature area, the biggest heat flux region from the bottom wall is found near the higher temperature area. The reaction rate of methane, temperature of porous layer and heat flux increase with the increase of YCH4. In general, 0.4% is an adequate value for YCH4. The research has a benefit meaning to provide a guideline for the improvement and design for compact methane reformer.
Variation in the Volume Ratio of HIX Phase/H2SO4 Phase for Improvement of Phase Separation Efficiency in the Bunsen Reaction Section
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Ahn Byung Tae , Kim Hyo Sub , Han Sang Jin , Park Chu Sik , Bae Ki Kwang , Lee Jong Gyu
Published: July 2012

The H2SO4 phase and HIx phase solution produced from Bunsen reaction section in SI (Sulfur-iodine) process were supplied to the phase separator for the continuous operation of SI process. However, the separation of Bunsen products in the phase separator is difficult because an excess of HIx phase solution existed in the phase separator than the H2SO4 phase solution. Therefore, the additional supply of H2SO4 to the phase separator as the phase separation method was considered for improvement of phase separation efficiency. In this work, the variations in volume ratio and composition of each phase solution were examined after the Bunsen product mixing on the HIx phase/H2SO4 phase volume ratio. As the results, the variation in composition of products increases with increase of the HIx phase/H2SO4 phase volume ratio after mixing. It was also found that the high variations in composition and volume ratio of Bunsen products by mixing in the presence of excess HIx phase. From the results, we concluded that the phase separation method, additional supply of H2SO4 phase solution to the phase separator, is effective in Bunsen product separation when the variation in composition is little.
Research on the Structure of Cylindrical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Based on ANSYS
Authors: Zhang Hua , Huang Ming Yu , Ni Hong Jun
Published: July 2012

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be a promising technology for clean and efficient power generation in the twenty-first century. Current PEMFCs are usually flat designs which needs the expensive bi-polar to transport the reactants to every fuel cell. In this paper, a novel cylindrical PEMFC has been designed and made. The structure of cathode is a spiral. The static analysis and thermal analysis of the cell shell and the spiraled cathode were carried out with FEM software. Based on the simulation, the cylindrical PEMFC has been made and tested. The simulation results show that the cylindrical PEMFC meets the requirements of the mechanical performance and electricity performance. The tested result shows that the power density of the cylindrical PEMFC can reach 10mW/cm2 when the hydrogen pressure is 0.2Mpa and the open circuit voltage is 0.8V.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Methanol Recovery in Continuous Production of Biodiesel via Supercritical Transesterification
Authors: Chen Wen , Jin Ya Li , Liu Shao Wen , Zeng Zhou Hua
Published: July 2012

Recycling excessive methanol is simulated and experimentalized by adiabatic flash evaporation. The simulated results show that: methanol recovery and methanol purity in gas phase for one-stage flash process are almost same with two-stage flash process and one-stage flash process is more beneficial by thinking of equipment and operation cost. The experimental results show that flash pressure has a significant influence on methanol recovery and methanol purity in gas phase which can be effectively improved when flashing pressure is reduced. Meanwhile, reaction temperature and reaction pressure also have important effects on methanol recovery and methanol purity in gas phase. For continuous producing biodiesel in supercritical methanol, when the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure and the molar ratio of methanol/oil are kept at 300°C, 15 MPa and 25:1, respectively, methanol recovery and methanol purity in gas phase can reach 90% and 98.8% respectively if the flashing pressure is kept at 0.2MPa. Therefore, the flash evaporation device coupled with tubular reactor for high purity separation of methanol is very effective which can realize comprehensive utilization of heat energy and separation and recycle of methanol.
Application of Lignosulfonate in 40% Myclobutanil Wettable Powder
Authors: Wen Wei Neng , Pang Yu Xia , Lou Hong Ming , Ouyang Xin Ping
Published: July 2012

Lignosulfonate (LS) is an important dispersant for wettable powder (WP). Though domestic products of lignosulfonate in China are very cheap compared to imported products, their performance is often inferior. Two modified products GCL4-1 and GCL4-A, from sodium lignosulfonate and alkali lignin respectively, were developed and their dispersive effects on the performance of 40% myclobutanil wettable powder (WP) were studied compared with the imported product Borresperse Na and the domestic product SXMN. Results show that GCL4-1 and GCL4-A have superior performance in these properties: suspensibility, wettability, surface tension, contact angle and solution retention. GCL4-A was found to be a suitable dispersant for the wettable powder pesticide for it has the best performance per unit price.
Preliminary Study on Natural Freeze-Thaw Pretreatment of Wheat Straw
Authors: Yu Meng , Wang Lian Jie , Wang Xin Ming
Published: July 2012

The straw biomass pretreatment technology is the key to the study of fuel ethanol. Freeze-thaw pretreatment of wheat straw is in its infancy. In this paper, we investigated influencing factors including the ratio of solid to liquid, crushed particle size, the difference of the solid to liquid in the wet milling processing. When the solid-liquid ratio is 1:18, hydrolysis rate can be increased by 17.93% and when crushed particle size of 120 meshes, enzymatic hydrolysis rate of 39.55%. Due to the traditional freeze-thaw technology is simply freezing and thawing process, the enzymatic hydrolysis rate only can be increased by about 15%. Therefore, we improve traditional process by wet grinding and freeze-thaw combining at the same time to take advantage of the cold weather in winter for the purpose to improve treatment effectiveness and feasibility of freezing and thawing. After this treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis rate increased by 57.50%.
Coal Seam Group Protection Layer Face Causes and Characteristics Analysis of Dynamic Phenomenon
Authors: Zhang Yong Jiang , Meng Xian Zheng , Xu Zun Yu
Published: July 2012

In Xinji Coal Mine under complicated geological conditions, regional faults. Experimental zone for near coal seam group mining(6-1,7-1,7-2,8 seam), The objective conditions with protective layer . The minefield of soft broken coal seam, Soft layered coal firmness coefficient f = 0.18. In the test area of 210601,210603 6-1seam protective layer mining face during the period, there were 8 abnormal gas dynamic phenomenon, To the coal mine safety production brought hidden trouble. On the basis of dynamic phenomenon occurring phenomenon, analysis of the dynamic phenomena, combined with the test area actual situation, summed up the6-1coal power causes, for guiding the 6-1safety mining and provide a theoretical basis, has important significance.
Lignite Particle Size Distribution and its Effect on Briquetting
Authors: Guan Jun , He De Min , Li Yun Shan , Zhang Qiu Min
Published: July 2012

Huolinhe(HLH) Lignite was used for this experiment. Among the several factors that influence lignite briquetting, particle size distribution was investigated in detail. Rosin- Rammler- Bennet equation (RRB) was used to describe particle size distribution. Uniformity index n and characteristic feature size De were also calculated. Compaction curves of the lignite shows that the whole compaction process can be divided into the particle re-arrangement stage, the plastic deformation stage and the whole deformation stage. More reasonable uniformity of particle size distribution and characteristic feature size would have higher compact density. The granularity of lignite had a distinct effect on the briquette strength. In order to increase the mechanical stability of briquettes small particle size lignite should be used.
Production of High Calorific Biogas from Organic Wastewater and Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Nie Yan Qiu , Li Yu Xiu , He Hui , Zhou Wen Jing , Pang Zhao Hui , Peng Hui Bing
Published: July 2012

Anaerobic digestion is a widely applied technology to produce biogas from organic wastewater. The biogas calorific value depends on the methane-content. For biogas flows >100 m3/h, the two-step process is usually used for production of high calorific biogas from organic wastewater: the first step, anaerobic digestion; the second step, biogas purification. However, for biogas flows 3/h, biogas purification is not economical, and one-step process according to the big gap between methane and non-methane-gas in solubility at higher pressure or lower temperature, should be condidered. New anaerobic digestion processes, such as micro-aerobic process, electrolysis enhancing methane production process, process of internal circulation anaerobic digester (ICAD) with sewage source heat pump, may all enhance biogas producton or lower biogas production cost. In addition, suitable environmental conditions, such as organic loading rate (OLR), solid retention time (SRT), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and surface area, are all beneficial to enhance methane fermentation. Furthermore, new operation modes and optimal dose of trace metals might be selected.
Different Exit Effects between a Combined Riser with Variable Exit Constraints and a Conventional Riser with Weak Exit Constraints
Authors: Wang De Wu , Jia Meng Da , Zhang Shao Feng , Lu Chun Xi
Published: July 2012

A large-scale cold model experimental setup of combined riser with variable constraint exit (CRVCE) was established. The axial and radial distributions of solids holdup and particle velocity, under different operating conditions, were investigated experimentally, and the results were compared with conventional riser (CR). Experimental results showed that, the exit restrictive effect of combined riser with variable constraint exit was weak when particle circulation flux and static bed height in upper fluidized bed were lower, while it turned to be strong when superficial gas velocity and static bed height in upper fluidized bed were higher. Under the same conditions, averaged cross-sectional solids holdup of CRVCE was characterized by C type distribution when article circulation flux was higher, while that of CR with weak constraint exit was characterized by linear distribution. In axial direction, averaged cross-sectional particle velocity of CRVCE changed in order: acceleration-constant-decrease velocity, while that of CR changed in another: acceleration-constant velocity. The maximum of local solids holdup value of CRVCE appeared at the dimensionless radius position r/R=0.7, while that of CR appeared in the wall region. Their local particle velocities were similar in the core region, while local particle velocity of CRVCE was lower than that of CR in the annular region.
Research Progress of Food Waste Fermentation for Bio-Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yue Xiao Fang , Sun Hong Yuan , Zhao Xu Xin , Zhao Li Qing
Published: July 2012

Hydrogen is a valuable gas as a clean energy source and as feedstock for some industries. Therefore, demand on hydrogen production has increased considerably in recent years. Food waste is an important part of urban living garbage,which is full of organic matter and easy to be degraded. So, biological production of hydrogen gas from food waste fermentation has significant advantages for providing inexpensive and clean energy generation to help meet the needs of carbon emission reduction with simultaneous waste treatment. This article reviews the following aspects: mechanism of fermentative hydrogen production by bacteria, and factors influencing fermentative bio-hydrogen production. In addition,the challenges and prospects of bio- hydrogen production are also reviewed.
Self-Assembly of Alkali Lignin in Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Li Hao , Deng Yong Hong , Huang Kai
Published: July 2012

Alkali lignin (AL) was used as a polyanion to form layer-by-layer self-assembled film with PDAC as a polycation. The effects of temperature and concentration on the adsorption characteristics of AL were investigated. Iodine was added into AL solutions to study the role of π-π interaction in self-assembly of AL and PDAC. Results show that the self-assembly of AL/PDAC is mainly driven by π-π interaction and electrostatic interaction. A higher temperature or a larger concentration can enhance the aggregation of lignin. I2 can form lignin–iodine charge–transfer complexes with AL to reduce the degree of aggregation of AL, so the adsorbed amount of AL decreases significantly with increasing iodine contents.
A Study of Experimental and Improved Absorption Model for the Spray Towers of Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Liu Ding Ping , Yu Hai Long
Published: July 2012

The wet flue gas desulfurization has been the most widely used in the coal-fired power plants because of high SO2removal efficiency, reliability and low utility consumption. A mathematical model of limestone/gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system was developed based on the two-film theory of mass-transfer. In the one-dimensional two-film theory , the concentration of SO2in the bulk of the liquid(cAs) is difficult to accurately determine. The authors derive the accurate calculation of the value of cAs on the basis of the one-dimensional mass transfer model, making the model in line with the actual process. The model predictions were verified by experimental data. Experimental investigations of the effects of different operating variables on the SO2removal showed the reasonable process parameters such as the pH value of the liquid phase, droplet size of the spray and the flow rates of liquid and gas. Keep the slurry flow in a 50 ml/min, adjust the flue gas flow changes. Keep the flue gas flow in 5 l/min, adjust the flow slurry changes. The experimental results reveal that the model can describe the processes in this absorber well. Some experimental parameters (temperature, flue gas velocity) are difficult to accurately control, the model can give them fluence on the desulfurization efficiency.
Applications and Research Progress of Green Chemistry in Fuel Industry
Authors: Qiu Zhen Hui , Sun Yuan Bao , Zhu Huan Qin
Published: July 2012

The green chemistry technology is pivotal for the continuable development, the applcation and progress in this fields for the fuel industry is studied detailedly in this paper. It indicated the new substituted fuel and new ingredients gasoline technology is important for the environment. And that it is also an important work to study the exploitation of the coal in non-combustion field; it not only can make full use of the coal but also can improve the value of the coal. The coal liquefaction process is an important method to obtain the high value products from the coal, and it also can reduce the pollution contrast with the direct combustion.
Development of New Fire Extinguishing Agent for Grassland
Authors: Leng Ning Bo , Wang Shun Xi , Han Pei
Published: July 2012

Selecting ammonium dihydrogen phosphate of ultra-fine processing and surface modification as the main agent of fire extinguishing agent, mica powder, activated clay, talc, calcium carbonate as an inert filler, ND1 as additive, developed specifically for the grassland fire characteristics of ultra-fine dry powder fire extinguishing agent grassland; tested the moisture absorption rate, water repellency, bulk density and fluidity and other technical indicators; using quadrat grassed ignition method on new grassland fire extinguishing agent research the fire extinguishing efficiency and cost.
Pilot Plant of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Liu Guang Rui , Chen Guan Yi
Published: July 2012

Biodiesel, as an alternative auto fuel for conventional fossil fuel, has drawn wide attention in recent years. In this research, a two-step process for biodiesel production using waste cooking oil as feedstock was studied in a pilot plant with a treatment capacity of 3 ton/d. The results show that: the process exihibited a good conversion ratio and the biodiesel displayed suitable physical-chemical properties in comparison with diesel fuel, such as flash point of 137°C, viscosity of 4.49 mm2/s, acid value of 0.44 mg KOH/g etc. The quality of biodiesel meets the agreement with the European specification defined by EN 14214. Afterwards, the mixture of biodiesel and diesel were test in the engine with a ratio of 50/50（v/v）, 20/80（v/v）, and 0/100（v/v）. It indicates the mixed fuel has a reasonable fuel consumption rates without diesel engine modification, when the biodiesel blended with 0# diesel as fuel. The present results demonstrated that the industrial scale plant would achieve promising objective with waste cooking oils and animal fats as raw material. Also, this biodiesel-based diesel fuel could be applied in Tianjin local public transportation system that improves its sustainable development.
Organic Solvents for Separating Ethyl Acetate-Ethanol by Extractive Distillation
Authors: Zhang Zhi Gang , Lv Ming , Chen Li Feng , Li Wen Xiu
Published: July 2012

The azeotropic mixture ethyl acetate-ethanol (EA-EtOH) enables effective separation by extractive distillation. The effectiveness of an extractive distillation process depends on the solvent selection, so the single and mixed solvent for separating ethyl acetate-ethanol by extractive distillation were examined. The results showed that the volatility of the ethyl acetate relative to ethanol increased with an increase of the ratio of any given solvent. The selectivity of the mixed solvent is superior to the single solvent. The measured data were correlated well using modified UNIFAC model. Simultaneously, the influence of temperature on solvent selectivity was proposed by using the Clausius-Mosotti equation.