bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
β-arrestin1 and 2 exhibit distinct phosphorylation-dependent conformations when coupling to the same GPCR in living cells
Authors: Haider Raphael S. , Matthees Edda S. F. , Drube Julia , Reichel Mona , Zabel Ulrike , Inoue Asuka , Chevigné Andy , Krasel Cornelius , Deupi Xavier , Hoffmann Carsten
Published: September 2022

β-arrestins mediate regulatory processes for over 800 different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by adopting specific conformations that result from the geometry of the GPCR–β-arrestin complex. However, whether β-arrestin1 and 2 respond differently for binding to the same GPCR is still unknown. Employing GRK knockout cells and β-arrestins lacking the finger-loop-region, we show that the two isoforms prefer to associate with the active parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) in different complex configurations (“hanging” and “core”). Furthermore, the utilisation of advanced NanoLuc/FlAsH-based biosensors reveals distinct conformational signatures of β-arrestin1 and 2 when bound to active PTH1R (P-R*). Moreover, we assess β-arrestin conformational changes that are induced specifically by proximal and distal C-terminal phosphorylation and in the absence of GPCR kinases (GRKs) (R*). Here, we show differences between conformational changes that are induced by P-R* or R* receptor states and further disclose the impact of site-specific GPCR phosphorylation on arrestin-coupling and function.
A self-complementary macrocycle by a dual interaction system
Authors: Sawanaka Yuta , Yamashina Masahiro , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Toyota Shinji
Published: September 2022

Self-complementary assembly is one of the most promising phenomena for the formation of discrete assemblies, e.g., proteins and capsids. However, self-complementary assembly based on multiple host-guest systems has been scarcely reported due to the difficulty in controlling each assembly. Herein, we report a dual interaction system in which the key assembly direction is well regulated by both π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding to construct a self-complementary macrocycle. Continuous host-guest behavior of anthracene-based molecular tweezers during crystallization leads to successful construction of a cyclic hexamer, which is reminiscent of Kekulé’s monkey model. Furthermore, the cyclic hexamer in a tight and triple-layered fashion shows hierarchical assembly into cuboctahedron and rhombohedral assemblies in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. Our findings would be potentially one of metal-free strategies for constructing anthracene-based supramolecular assemblies with higher-order structure.
The role of gravitational body forces in the development of metamorphic core complexes
Authors: Bahadori Alireza , Holt William E. , Austermann Jacqueline , Campbell Lajhon , Rasbury E. Troy , Davis Daniel M. , Calvelage Christopher M. , Flesch Lucy M.
Published: September 2022

Within extreme continental extension areas, ductile middle crust is exhumed at the surface as metamorphic core complexes. Sophisticated quantitative models of extreme extension predicted upward transport of ductile middle-lower crust through time. Here we develop a general model for metamorphic core complexes formation and demonstrate that they result from the collapse of a mountain belt supported by a thickened crustal root. We show that gravitational body forces generated by topography and crustal root cause an upward flow pattern of the ductile lower-middle crust, facilitated by a detachment surface evolving into low-angle normal fault. This detachment surface acquires large amounts of finite strain, consistent with thick mylonite zones found in metamorphic core complexes. Isostatic rebound exposes the detachment in a domed upwarp, while the final Moho discontinuity across the extended region relaxes to a flat geometry. This work suggests that belts of metamorphic core complexes are a fossil signature of collapsed highlands.
Nocturnal plant respiration is under strong non-temperature control
Authors: Bruhn Dan , Newman Freya , Hancock Mathilda , Povlsen Peter , Slot Martijn , Sitch Stephen , Drake John , Weedon Graham P. , Clark Douglas B. , Pagter Majken , Ellis Richard J. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Andersen Kelly M. , Correa Zorayda Restrepo , McGuire Patrick C. , Mercado Lina M.
Published: September 2022

Most biological rates depend on the rate of respiration. Temperature variation is typically considered the main driver of daily plant respiration rates, assuming a constant daily respiration rate at a set temperature. Here, we show empirical data from 31 species from temperate and tropical biomes to demonstrate that the rate of plant respiration at a constant temperature decreases monotonically with time through the night, on average by 25% after 8 h of darkness. Temperature controls less than half of the total nocturnal variation in respiration. A new universal formulation is developed to model and understand nocturnal plant respiration, combining the nocturnal decrease in the rate of plant respiration at constant temperature with the decrease in plant respiration according to the temperature sensitivity. Application of the new formulation shows a global reduction of 4.5 −6 % in plant respiration and an increase of 7-10% in net primary production for the present-day.
Rock and fault rheology explain differences between on fault and distributed seismicity
Authors: Collettini C. , Barchi M. R. , De Paola N. , Trippetta F. , Tinti E.
Published: September 2022

Analysis of seismicity can illuminate active fault zone structures but also deformation within large volumes of the seismogenic zone. For the Mw6.5 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence, seismicity not only localizes along the major structures hosting the mainshocks (on-fault seismicity), but also occurs within volumes of Triassic Evaporites, TE, composed of alternated anhydrites and dolostones. These volumes of distributed microseismicity show a different frequency-magnitude distribution than on-fault seismicity. We interpret that, during the sequence, shear strain-rate increase, and fluid overpressure promoted widespread ductile deformation within TE that light-up with distributed microseismicity. This interpretation is supported by field and laboratory observations showing that TE background ductile deformation is complex and dominated by distributed failure and folding of the anhydrites associated with boudinage hydro-fracturing and faulting of dolostones. Our results indicate that ductile crustal deformation can cause distributed microseismicity, which obeys to different scaling laws than on-fault seismicity occurring on structures characterized by elasto-frictional stick-slip behaviour.
Quantum and non-local effects offer over 40 dB noise resilience advantage towards quantum lidar
Authors: Blakey Phillip S. , Liu Han , Papangelakis Georgios , Zhang Yutian , Léger Zacharie M. , Iu Meng Lon , Helmy Amr S.
Published: September 2022

Non-local effects have the potential to radically move forward quantum enhanced imaging to provide an advantage over classical imaging not only in laboratory environments but practical implementation. In this work, we demonstrate a 43dB higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using a quantum enhanced LiDAR based on time-frequency entanglement compared with a classical phase-insensitive quantum imaging system. Our system can tolerate more than 3 orders of magnitude higher noise than classical single-photon counting quantum imaging systems before detector saturation with a detector dead time of 25ns. To achieve these advantages, we use non-local cancellation of dispersion to take advantage of the strong temporal correlations in photon pairs in spite of the orders of magnitude larger detector temporal uncertainty. We go on to incorporate this scheme with purpose-built scanning collection optics to image non-reflecting targets in an environment with noise.
High-throughput small molecule screen identifies inhibitors of microsporidia invasion and proliferation in C. elegans
Authors: Murareanu Brandon M. , Antao Noelle V. , Zhao Winnie , Dubuffet Aurore , El Alaoui Hicham , Knox Jessica , Ekiert Damian C. , Bhabha Gira , Roy Peter J. , Reinke Aaron W.
Published: September 2022

Microsporidia are a diverse group of fungal-related obligate intracellular parasites that infect most animal phyla. Despite the emerging threat that microsporidia represent to humans and agricultural animals, few reliable treatment options exist. Here, we develop a high-throughput screening method for the identification of chemical inhibitors of microsporidia infection, using liquid cultures of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with the microsporidia species Nematocida parisii. We screen a collection of 2560 FDA-approved compounds and natural products, and identify 11 candidate microsporidia inhibitors. Five compounds prevent microsporidia infection by inhibiting spore firing, whereas one compound, dexrazoxane, slows infection progression. The compounds have in vitro activity against several other microsporidia species, including those known to infect humans. Together, our results highlight the effectiveness of C. elegans as a model host for drug discovery against intracellular pathogens, and provide a scalable high-throughput system for the identification and characterization of microsporidia inhibitors.
TraB family proteins are components of ER-mitochondrial contact sites and regulate ER-mitochondrial interactions and mitophagy
Authors: Li Chengyang , Duckney Patrick , Zhang Tong , Fu Yanshu , Li Xin , Kroon Johan , De Jaeger Geert , Cheng Yunjiang , Hussey Patrick J. , Wang Pengwei
Published: September 2022

ER-mitochondrial contact sites (EMCSs) are important for mitochondrial function. Here, we have identified a EMCS complex, comprising a family of uncharacterised mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, TRB1, TRB2, and the ER protein, VAP27-1. In Arabidopsis, there are three TraB family isoforms and the trb1/trb2 double mutant exhibits abnormal mitochondrial morphology, strong starch accumulation, and impaired energy metabolism, indicating that these proteins are essential for normal mitochondrial function. Moreover, TRB1 and TRB2 proteins also interact with ATG8 in order to regulate mitochondrial degradation (mitophagy). The turnover of depolarised mitochondria is significantly reduced in both trb1/trb2 and VAP27 mutants (vap27-1,3,4,6) under mitochondrial stress conditions, with an increased population of dysfunctional mitochondria present in the cytoplasm. Consequently, plant recovery after stress is significantly perturbed, suggesting that TRB1-regulated mitophagy and ER-mitochondrial interaction are two closely related processes. Taken together, we ascribe a dual role to TraB family proteins which are component of the EMCS complex in eukaryotes, regulating both interaction of the mitochondria to the ER and mitophagy.
Graphdiyne oxide nanosheets display selective anti-leukemia efficacy against DNMT3A-mutant AML cells
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Liu Ying , Wang Hui , Jiang Penglei , Qian Wenchang , You Min , Han Yingli , Zeng Xin , Li Jinxin , Lu Huan , Jiang Lingli , Zhu Meng , Li Shilin , Huang Kang , Tang Mingmin , Wang Xinlian , Yan Liang , Xiong Zecheng , Shi Xinghua , Bai Ge , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang , Zhao Yuliang , Chen Chunying , Qian Pengxu
Published: September 2022

DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) is the most frequently mutated gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although chemotherapy agents have improved outcomes for DNMT3A-mutant AML patients, there is still no targeted therapy highlighting the need for further study of how DNMT3A mutations affect AML phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that cell adhesion-related genes are predominantly enriched in DNMT3A-mutant AML cells and identify that graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) display an anti-leukemia effect specifically against these mutated cells. Mechanistically, GDYO directly interacts with integrin β2 (ITGB2) and c-type mannose receptor (MRC2), which facilitate the attachment and cellular uptake of GDYO. Furthermore, GDYO binds to actin and prevents actin polymerization, thus disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and eventually leading to cell apoptosis. Finally, we validate the in vivo safety and therapeutic potential of GDYO against DNMT3A-mutant AML cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GDYO is an efficient and specific drug candidate against DNMT3A-mutant AML.
A wheat resistosome defines common principles of immune receptor channels
Authors: Förderer Alexander , Li Ertong , Lawson Aaron W. , Deng Ya-nan , Sun Yue , Logemann Elke , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wen Jie , Han Zhifu , Chang Junbiao , Chen Yuhang , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Chai Jijie
Published: September 2022

Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) detect pathogen effectors to trigger immune responses1. Indirect recognition of a pathogen effector by the dicotyledonous Arabidopsis thaliana coiled-coil domain containing NLR (CNL) ZAR1 induces the formation of a large hetero-oligomeric protein complex, termed the ZAR1 resistosome, which functions as a calcium channel required for ZAR1-mediated immunity2–4. Whether the resistosome and channel activities are conserved among plant CNLs remains unknown. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the wheat CNL Sr355 in complex with the effector AvrSr356 of the wheat stem rust pathogen. Direct effector binding to the leucine-rich repeats of Sr35 results in the formation of a pentameric Sr35–AvrSr35 complex, which we term the Sr35 resistosome. Wheat Sr35 and Arabidopsis ZAR1 resistosomes bear striking structural similarities, including an arginine cluster in the leucine-rich repeats domain not previously recognized as conserved, which co-occurs and forms intramolecular interactions with the 'EDVID' motif in the coiled-coil domain. Electrophysiological measurements show that the Sr35 resistosome exhibits non-selective cation channel activity. These structural insights allowed us to generate new variants of closely related wheat and barley orphan NLRs that recognize AvrSr35. Our data support the evolutionary conservation of CNL resistosomes in plants and demonstrate proof of principle for structure-based engineering of NLRs for crop improvement.
Comparative chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analyses of Chinese Polyspora
Authors: Fan Zhi-Feng , Ma Chang-Le
Published: September 2022

PolysporaSweet (Theaceae) are winter ornamental landscape plants native to southern and southeastern Asia, some of which have medicinal value. The chloroplast (cp) genome data ofPolysporaare scarce, and the gene evolution and interspecific relationship are still unclear. In this study, we sequenced and annotatedPolyspora chrysandracp genome and combined it with previously published genomes for other ChinesePolysporaspecies. The results showed that cp genomes of six ChinesePolysporavaried in length between 156,452 bp (P. chrysandra) and 157,066 bp (P. speciosa), but all contained 132 genes, with GC content of 37.3%, and highly similar genes distribution and codon usage. A total of eleven intergenic spacer regions were found having the highest levels of divergence, and eight divergence hotspots were identified as molecular markers for Phylogeography and genetic diversity studies inPolyspora. Gene selection pressure suggested that five genes were subjected to positive selection. Phylogenetic relationships amongPolysporaspecies based on the complete cp genomes were supported strongly, indicating that the cp genomes have the potential to be used as super barcodes for further analysis of the phylogeny of the entire genus. The cp genomes of ChinesePolysporaspecies will provide valuable information for species identification, molecular breeding and evolutionary analysis of genusPolyspora.
A long-term travel delay measurement study based on multi-modal human mobility data
Authors: Fang Zhihan , Wang Guang , Yang Yu , Zhang Fan , Wang Yang , Zhang Desheng
Published: September 2022

Understanding human mobility is of great significance for sustainable transportation planning. Long-term travel delay change is a key metric to measure human mobility evolution in cities. However, it is challenging to quantify the long-term travel delay because it happens in different modalities, e.g., subway, taxi, bus, and personal cars, with implicated coupling. More importantly, the data for long-term multi-modal delay modeling is challenging to obtain in practice. As a result, the existing travel delay measurements mainly focus on either single-modal system or short-term mobility patterns, which cannot reveal the long-term travel dynamics and the impact among multi-modal systems. In this paper, we perform a travel delay measurement study to quantify and understand long-term multi-modal travel delay. Our measurement study utilizes a 5-year dataset of 8 million residents from 2013 to 2017 including a subway system with 3 million daily passengers, a 15 thousand taxi system, a 10 thousand personal car system, and a 13 thousand bus system in the Chinese city Shenzhen. We share new observations as follows: (1) the aboveground system has a higher delay increase overall than that of the underground system but the increase of it is slow down; (2) the underground system infrastructure upgrades decreases the aboveground system travel delay increase in contrast to the increase the underground system travel delay caused by the aboveground system infrastructure upgrades; (3) the travel delays of the underground system decreases in the higher population region and during the peak hours.
Tunnel collapse risk assessment based on improved quantitative theory III and EW-AHP coupling weight
Authors: Li Li , Ni Bo , Zhang Shixin , Qiang Yue , Zhang Zhongxu , Zhou Ling , Liu Gang , Cheng Longfei
Published: September 2022

It is a multi-criteria decision issue to conduct a risk assessment of the tunnel. In this paper, a tunnel collapse risk assessment model based on the improved theory of quantification III and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is proposed. According to the geological conditions and the construction disturbance classification method, the evaluation factors are selected, and the tunnel collapse risk level is divided into 5 levels according to the principle of maximum membership degree. The three groups of scores with the largest correlation ratio are calculated by the theory of quantification III to form the X, Y, and Z axes of the spatial coordinate system, The spatial distance of each evaluation factor is optimized by the Kendall correlation coefficient combined with the empirical formula, so that it can be used to judge the probability of the occurrence of the evaluation factor; taking the coupling of the objective entropy weight method (EW) and the subjective analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as the weight. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to determine the possibility classification of tunnel collapse. Taking the Ka-Shuang water diversion tunnel as a case study, the comparison between the evaluation results of 10 tunnel samples and the status quo of the actual engineering area verifies the reliability of the method.
ADRB2 expression predicts the clinical outcomes and is associated with immune cells infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ji Lingyun , Xu Fei , Zhang Jingtao , Song Ting , Chen Weida , Yin Xi , Wang Qingqing , Chen Xiubao , Li Xin , Guo Minghao , Chen Zetao
Published: September 2022

The gene encoding beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2), has been reported to closely associated with various cancers. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains controversial. This research shed light on the prognostic value of ADRB2 in LUAD and further explored its association with immune cell infiltration. ADRB2 was significantly decreased in LUAD. ADRB2 expression in LUAD was significantly correlated with gender, smoking status, T classification, and pathologic stage. Patients in the low ADRB2 expression group presented with significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results showed that ADRB2 participates in immune response. The expression of ADRB2 was positively correlated with the infiltration level of most immune cells. Notably, ADRB2 is involved in LUAD progression partly by regulating the immune microenvironment, which may potentially serve as a significant prognostic biomarker as well as a potential drug target.
Investigation of the competitive nature of eMBB and mMTC 5G services in conditions of limited communication resource
Authors: Kovtun Viacheslav , Grochla Krzysztof
Published: September 2022

The main contribution of the investigation is the Markov model of the process of resource allocation management between subscribers of eMBB and mMTC services within the 5G cluster. The proposed model, considers the organization of the channel resource in the format of resource blocks. The presented model allows to estimate the average duration of IoT sessions, the average number of active multimedia/IoT sessions, the average number of channel resource units occupied by multimedia/IoT traffic, the average number of resource blocks occupied by multimedia/IoT traffic. The metrics are generalized by three management schemes of the investigated process: balanced, competitive and perspective. The first and third schemes enable static/dynamic distribution of channel resources into reserved and common segments for subscribers of eMBB and mMTC services. The proposed model is illustrated with an example showing how to assess the availability and efficiency of channel resource use of the 5G cluster of the cyber-physical system of the Situation Center of the Department of Information Technology of Vinnytsia City Council (Vinnytsia, Ukraine). The article also shows how to use the proposed model to select the 5G network parameters to keep the probabilities of rejection of multimedia and IoT requests below a set threshold.
PGC-1β maintains mitochondrial metabolism and restrains inflammatory gene expression
Authors: Guak Hannah , Sheldon Ryan D. , Beddows Ian , Vander Ark Alexandra , Weiland Matthew J. , Shen Hui , Jones Russell G. , St-Pierre Julie , Ma Eric H. , Krawczyk Connie M.
Published: September 2022

Metabolic programming of the innate immune cells known as dendritic cells (DCs) changes in response to different stimuli, influencing their function. While the mechanisms behind increased glycolytic metabolism in response to inflammatory stimuli are well-studied, less is known about the programming of mitochondrial metabolism in DCs. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-β (IFN-β), which differentially stimulate the use of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), respectively, to identify factors important for mitochondrial metabolism. We found that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1β (PGC-1β), a transcriptional co-activator and known regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, decreases when DCs are activated with LPS, when OXPHOS is diminished, but not with IFN-β, when OXPHOS is maintained. We examined the role of PGC-1β in bioenergetic metabolism of DCs and found that PGC-1β deficiency indeed impairs their mitochondrial respiration. PGC-1β-deficient DCs are more glycolytic compared to controls, likely to compensate for reduced OXPHOS. PGC-1β deficiency also causes decreased capacity for ATP production at steady state and in response to IFN-β treatment. Loss of PGC-1β in DCs leads to increased expression of genes in inflammatory pathways, and reduced expression of genes encoding proteins important for mitochondrial metabolism and function. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PGC-1β is a key regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and negative regulator of inflammatory gene expression in DCs.
Modelling and dynamic analysis of slippage level for large-scale skid-steered unmanned ground vehicle
Authors: Zhou Kang , Lei Shuaishuai , Du Xiongzi
Published: September 2022

To analyze the turning characteristics of a large-scale skid-steered unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), a mathematical model based on geometric characteristics and kinematics was developed in this work. The turning characteristics, as well as some important geometric and moving features, were seriously considered in the model. A self-designed UGV was employed to conduct targeted experiments. Initial experiment showed that the width of UGV was much larger than that of actual value, because slippage phenomenon made the errors of actual velocity and trajectory length between two sides of the UGV were lower than those obtained from direct wheel velocities measurements and calculations. Further experiments which obtained moving velocity of the UAV by means of a highly accurate Inertial Navigation System (INS) were conducted. Combining this velocity, the slippage levels of the four wheels can be quantitatively measured. In addition, using standard velocities derived from the accurate moving velocity, a true turning radius can be accurately calculated in real time when the slippage characteristics were seriously considered, hence, the mathematical model can be sufficiently validated. The work can realize modelling and dynamic analysis and estimation of the slippage characteristics of this type of UGV.
Specifying evacuation return and home-switch stability during short-term disaster recovery using location-based data
Authors: Lee Cheng-Chun , Chou Charles , Mostafavi Ali
Published: September 2022

The objectives of this study are: (1) to specify evacuation return and home-switch stability as two critical milestones of short-term recovery during and in the aftermath of disasters; and (2) to understand the disparities among subpopulations in the duration of these critical recovery milestones. Using privacy-preserving fine-resolution location-based data, we examine evacuation and home move-out rates in Harris County, Texas in the context of the 2017 Hurricane Harvey. For each of the two critical recovery milestones, the results reveal the areas with short- and long-return durations and enable evaluating disparities in evacuation return and home-switch stability patterns. In fact, a shorter duration of critical recovery milestone indicators in flooded areas is not necessarily a positive indication. Shorter evacuation return could be due to barriers to evacuation and shorter home move-out rate return for lower-income residents is associated with living in rental homes. In addition, skewed and non-uniform recovery patterns for both the evacuation return and home-switch stability were observed in all subpopulation groups. All return patterns show a two-phase return progress pattern. The findings could inform disaster managers and public officials to perform recovery monitoring and resource allocation in a more proactive, data-driven, and equitable manner.
Estimation formula of finished bridge pre-camber in continuous rigid-frame bridges
Authors: Yao Sisi , Peng Biao , Wang Luyao , Chen Hengda
Published: September 2022

Continuous rigid-frame bridges are widely used, but the large deflection in the mid-span during operation has always been their disease. This problem is generally solved by setting the finished bridge pre-camber. There are many calculation methods for pre-camber, and the effects are different. In this paper, based on a large number of design parameters of continuous rigid-frame bridges obtained from the investigation, 18 finite element analysis models of different span combinations were established, and 30 sets of valid data were obtained under the action of multi-factor. The results show that the shrinkage and creep of concrete is the most important factor for the mid-span deflection of continuous rigid frame bridges, and the deflection amount has an obvious functional relationship with the span. The effect of prestress loss on mid-span deflection is second, and stiffness reduction has little effect on mid-span long-term deflection. In this paper, the least-squares method is used to perform polynomial fitting, and the fitting formula for the mid-span finished bridge pre-camber is finally obtained. The applicability of the calculation formula is proved by comparing it with the specification solution, the empirical solution, and the measured value.
An in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of a fast-setting endodontic material
Authors: Ji Mengzhen , Chi Yaqi , Wang Ye , Xiong Kaixin , Chen Xuan , Zou Ling
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the fast-setting iRoot Fast Set Root Repair Material (iRoot FS), Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine. The materials were freshly mixed or set for 1 and 7 days to conduct the agar diffusion test, direct contact test and carry-over effect test againstE. faecalisandP. gingivalis, and the pH values were also measured. The data were analyzed by an analysis of variance and one-way ANOVA or Dunnett’s T3 test, and the Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). In the direct contact test, all three materials showed good antibacterial activity after setting for 20 min. The antibacterial properties of the three materials decreased with the increase of setting time (p < 0.05). The suspension of all the three materials showed high pH values (11–12) and no significant difference was observed (p > 0.05). With the extension of setting time, the pH of iRoot FS and Biodentine slightly decreased (p < 0.05). Fresh iRoot FS, Biodentine, and MTA killedE. faecalisandP. gingivaliseffectively, but their antimicrobial effect decreased after 24 h, and distinctly decreased after 7 days after mixing. iRoot FS, Biodentine, and MTA showed a tendency of alkalinity during this 7-day experiment.
Waste slag benefits for correction of soil acidity
Authors: Ghisman Viorica , Muresan Alina Crina , Buruiana Daniela Laura , Axente Elena Roxana
Published: September 2022

The global trend is to find new materials with improved environment friendly. The sustainable development of 2030 AGENDA and Waste Management Legislation sustain the disposal of a large quantity of slag at landfill sites by causing environmental consequences which has drawn attention to the need for its more effective recycling. Heavy industries have been operating in the Galati area for over 30 years and an ecological education is necessary for an efficient management of waste slag. The agricultural land resources are an issue world-wide and through this investigative study we showed that the mixture of blast furnace slag and waste slag dumped in landfill can help remediation of the soil acidity and increasing the crop yield. The chemical, structural and morphological properties of three investigated different slag samples are evaluated for recycling in agriculture. Results indicated that the obtained mixture of the slag waste dumped in landfill and of granulated metallurgical slag shows its usage in saving the affected lands. Therefore, by elemental analysis determined by X-ray fluorescence analytical equipment, the optimum weight ratio for the composition of soil-slag mixture were achieved. The obtained mixture presents a balance between soil pH = 5.2 corresponding to a medium acid soil and slag pH = 12.5 which corresponds as strongly basic character which is beneficial in amelioration process of acidic soils for the improving of soil characteristics.
Study on protective performance and gradient optimization of helmet foam liner under bullet impact
Authors: Huang Xingyuan , Zheng Qiujie , Chang Lijun , Cai Zhihua
Published: September 2022

Protective equipment in war plays a vital role in the safety of soldiers, the threat to soldiers from brain damage caused by deformation at the back of the helmet cannot be ignored, so research on reduce blunt post-cranial injury has great significance and value. This study first conducted gunshot experiments, used rifle bullets impact bulletproof plate and different density liner foam to record the incident process and internal response of craniocerebral model. After verifying the accuracy of finite element model through experimental data, optimization model is established based on response surface method to optimize the structure of gradient foam, analyze the cranial strain and energy absorption to select the best density and thickness distribution of each foam layer. Optimization results show that liner foam which designed to have lower density and thicker thickness for impact and brace layers, higher density and thinner thickness for middle layer can significantly improve the energy absorption efficiency. Compared to the 40.65 J of energy absorption before optimization, the optimized gradient foam can absorb 109.3 J of energy, with a 169% increase in the absorption ratio. The skull strain in the craniocerebral model was reduced from 1.260 × 10–2 to 1.034 × 10–2, with a reduction of about 22%. This study provides references for the design and development of protective equipment and plays an important role in ensuring the safety of soldiers in the battlefield environment.
Clinical studies of detecting COVID-19 from exhaled breath with electronic nose
Authors: Kwiatkowski Andrzej , Borys Sebastian , Sikorska Katarzyna , Drozdowska Katarzyna , Smulko Janusz M.
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has attracted numerous research studies because of its impact on society and the economy. The pandemic has led to progress in the development of diagnostic methods, utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the gold standard for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 detection. Numerous tests can be used at home within 15 min or so but of with lower accuracy than PCR. There is still a need for point-of-care tests available for mass daily screening of large crowds in airports, schools, and stadiums. The same problem exists with fast and continuous monitoring of patients during their medical treatment. The rapid methods can use exhaled breath analysis which is non-invasive and delivers the result quite fast. Electronic nose can detect a cocktail of volatile organic com-pounds (VOCs) induced by virus infection and disturbed metabolism in the human body. In our exploratory studies, we present the results of COVID-19 detection in a local hospital by applying the developed electronic setup utilising commercial VOC gas sensors. We consider the technical problems noticed during the reported studies and affecting the detection results. We believe that our studies help to advance the proposed technique to limit the spread of COVID-19 and similar viral infections.
Hippocampal cells segregate positive and negative engrams
Authors: Shpokayte Monika , McKissick Olivia , Guan Xiaonan , Yuan Bingbing , Rahsepar Bahar , Fernandez Fernando R. , Ruesch Evan , Grella Stephanie L. , White John A. , Liu X. Shawn , Ramirez Steve
Published: September 2022

The hippocampus is involved in processing a variety of mnemonic computations specifically the spatiotemporal components and emotional dimensions of contextual memory. Recent studies have demonstrated cellular heterogeneity along the hippocampal axis. The ventral hippocampus has been shown to be important in the processing of emotion and valence. Here, we combine transgenic and all-virus based activity-dependent tagging strategies to visualize multiple valence-specific engrams in the vHPC and demonstrate two partially segregated cell populations and projections that respond to appetitive and aversive experiences. Next, using RNA sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing approaches, we find that vHPC appetitive and aversive engram cells display different transcriptional programs and DNA methylation landscapes compared to a neutral engram population. Additionally, optogenetic manipulation of tagged cell bodies in vHPC is not sufficient to drive appetitive or aversive behavior in real-time place preference, stimulation of tagged vHPC terminals projecting to the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not the prefrontal cortex (PFC), showed the capacity drive preference and avoidance. These terminals also were able to change their capacity to drive behavior. We conclude that the vHPC contains genetically, cellularly, and behaviorally segregated populations of cells processing appetitive and aversive memory engrams.
Quantitative analysis of s-PB/SBR blend dispersion morphology using computer image processing-assisted Raman spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Ge Meng , Wu Junqing , Hong Qingqing , Zhang Lifeng , Zhang Ming , Yu Lei
Published: September 2022

A novel computer image processing-assisted approach was introduced for quantitative evaluation based on Raman mapping images, in which inhomogeneity factorKcwas defined to characterize the homogeneity of rubber blends.
Polyethyleneimine-capped copper nanoclusters for detection and discrimination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
Authors: Wu Haotian , Wang Guangfa , Cai Zhenzhen , Li Dezhong , Xiao Fangfang , Lei Da , Dai Zhuohua , Dou Xincun
Published: September 2022

PEI-Cu NCs are successfully obtained for the detection and discrimination of TNT and TNP. Benefitting from excellent sensitivity, high specificity and rapid response time, they are expected to complement large equipment in chemical labs.
Ratiometric imaging of minor groove binders in mammalian cells using Raman microscopy
Authors: Tentellino Christian , Tipping William J. , McGee Leah M. C. , Bain Laura M. , Wetherill Corinna , Laing Stacey , Tyson-Hirst Izaak , Suckling Colin J. , Beveridge Rebecca , Scott Fraser J. , Faulds Karen , Graham Duncan
Published: September 2022

The uptake and localisation of minor groove binders into mammalian cells is visualised using alkyne-tag Raman imaging.
Non-aqueous bonding of leuprorelin to ochratoxin A for peptide-based solid-phase extraction
Authors: Yamato Naoki , Kumagai Noriaki , Okahira Momoha , Kosaka Satoru , Kodama Shuji , Yamamoto Ryohei , Yamamoto Atsushi , Takao Koichiro , Yamamoto Masanori
Published: September 2022

Non-aqueous interactions between an anticancer peptide and ochratoxin A were analyzed and applied for solid-phase extraction.
High pressure promoted dearomatization of nitroarenes by [4+2] cycloadditions with silyloxydienes
Authors: Rkein Batoul , Coffinier Romain , Powderly Marian , Manneveau Maxime , Sanselme Morgane , Durandetti Muriel , Sebban Muriel , Hamdoun Ghanem , Oulyadi Hassan , Harrowven David , Legros Julien , Chataigner Isabelle
Published: September 2022

Simple nitroarenes such as nitronaphthalenes and nitroquinolines smoothly undergo dearomatizing [4+2] cycloadditions with silyloxydienes under 16 kbar.
BiOI nanoparticle/PCN-222 heterojunctions as self-decontaminating photocatalysts with efficient tetracycline visible-light degradation
Authors: Zhang Heyao , Meng Qing , Li Huijie , Wu Gaigai , Li Ke , Xu Jinghan , Wang Lianlian , Wu Jie , Meng Xiangru , Hou Hongwei
Published: September 2022

A series of BiOI@PCN-222-X (BP-X) Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts were constructed, which showed well activity of tetracycline adsorption and photodegradation under visible light irradiation.
A brief history of zinc–air batteries: 140 years of epic adventures
Authors: Liu Jia-Ning , Zhao Chang-Xin , Wang Juan , Ren Ding , Li Bo-Quan , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2022

A retrospect of the history of zinc–air batteries is provided, including four historical stages regarding the birth, the rising, the stagnancy, and the revival of zinc–air batteries.
Study of green bio-oil-glyoxal novolac resins synthesis and its curing with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and biochar
Authors: Xu Jie , Brodu Nicolas , Youssef Boulos , Taouk Bechara
Published: September 2022

A green material based onbio-oil glyoxal novolac-type resin was synthesized and partially cured with pyrolysis biochar.
Label free electrochemical detection of stress hormone cortisol using sulphur doped graphitic carbon nitride on carbon fiber paper electrode
Authors: Cherian Anila Rose , P. Keerthana , Bhat Vinay S. , Sirimahachai Uraiwan , Varghese Anitha , Hegde Gurumurthy
Published: September 2022

Sulphur doped graphitic carbon nitride (SGCN) was effectively prepared and comprehensively described.
Reversible assembly of nanoparticles: theory, strategies and computational simulations
Authors: Gentili Denis , Ori Guido
Published: September 2022

This review brings together the state-of-the-art theoretical, experimental, and computational knowledge on reversible assembly of nanoparticles to provide comprehensive guidance for addressing nanoparticle assembly and application challenges.
Mechanistic insights into the improved properties of mayonnaise from the changes in protein structures of enzymatic modification-treated egg yolk
Authors: Zhao Wenfei , Zang Jingnan , Qing Mingmin , Wang Huiyong , Chi Yujie , Chi Yuan
Published: September 2022

Heat treatment is an important step in mayonnaise production but can affect the quality of mayonnaise because thermal treatment can accelerate oil droplet coalescence.
Inter-coffee-ring effects boost rapid and highly reliable SERS detection of TPhT on a light-confining structure
Authors: Yujie Dai , Shuai Jiang , Yangyang Gao , Hongyue Pan , Ke Liu , Lin Chang
Published: September 2022

Nanoparticles reassembling in the inter coffee-ring region simply through sequenced drying of two droplets enabled ultrasensitive and highly reliable SERS detection. A rapid test protocol is realized by exciting the visible inter-coffee-ring mark.
Interfacial engineering of tungstic disulfide–carbide heterojunction for high-current-density hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang TaiKun , Hong Zhaoan , Sun Fapeng , Wang Bicheng , Jian Chuanyong , Liu Wei
Published: September 2022

We report the large-area tungstic disulfide–carbide (WS2–WC) heterojunction with abundant interfaces grown on W substrates via a facile solid-state synthesis method.
Ultrasensitive chemiluminescent neuraminidase probe for rapid screening and identification of small-molecules with antiviral activity against influenza A virus in mammalian cells
Authors: Shelef Omri , Gutkin Sara , Feder Daniel , Ben-Bassat Ariel , Mandelboim Michal , Haitin Yoni , Ben-Tal Nir , Bacharach Eran , Shabat Doron
Published: September 2022

A new chemiluminescence neuraminidase probe enables rapid screening of small molecules that inhibit viral replication, directly in influenza A-infected mammalian cells.
A senolysis-based theragnostic prodrug strategy towards chronic renal failure
Authors: Song Yihe , Li Xinming , Shi Donglei , Sun Tianyue , Liu Wenwen , Li Xiaokang , Qiao Sicong , Chen Xin , Guo Yuan , Li Jian
Published: September 2022

Here, we report a senescence-associated β-galactosidase activatable theragnostic prodrug to pertinently treat chronic renal failure (CRF) in mice with the aid of fluorescence-guided senolysis, providing a creative molecular approach to CRF therapy.
Continuous-flow self-supported seATRP using a sonicated microreactor
Authors: Zhang Suqi , Junkers Tanja , Kuhn Simon
Published: September 2022

Continuous-flow self-supported seATRP was realized for the first time using a novel sonicated microreactor. This provides an alternative route to scale up the eATRP process and an opportunity for a more environmentally friendly synthesis.
Freshwater–electricity co-generation in solar-driven water desalination: an effective approach toward the water–energy nexus
Authors: Wani Tawseef Ahmad , Garg Parul , Kaith Priya , Bera Ashok
Published: September 2022

Conducting saltwater through filter paper strips to the evaporator surface of a solar steam generator produces sufficient electricity to run small electronic appliances continuously without any energy storage device.
Understanding the role of inorganic carrier transport layer materials and interfaces in emerging perovskite solar cells
Authors: Manjunath Vishesh , Bimli Santosh , Shaikh Parvez A. , Ogale Satishchandra B. , Devan Rupesh S.
Published: September 2022

Besides the perovskite light absorber, engineering of the charge transport layers plays a prominent role in synergistically enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Some Inequalities about the General Lp-Mixed Width-Integral of Convex Bodies
Authors: MA Jianyi , YANG Wenjing , ZHOU Yanping
Published: September 2022

The Brunn-Minkowski type and the cyclic Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities for the i-th general Lp-mixed width-integral of convex bodies are established. Further, two cyclic inequalities for the differences of i-th general Lp-mixed width-integral of convex bodies are obtained.
Optimization of Solid-Phase Extraction Conditions for Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Leachate
Authors: WANG Ying , ZENG Xiaolan , YU Zhipeng , JIN Jiyuan , MI Ruidong , SUN Yuan
Published: September 2022

In order to optimize the solid phase extraction (SPE) conditions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the raw leachate and treated leachate, the effects of activator properties, SPE cartridge, pH value, ionic strength, and eluent properties were studied through single factor experiments. The optimal results of each single factor were obtained. Considering that the concentration of PFOA in the treated leachate is lower than that of the raw leachate, the SPE conditions of the treated leachate have been further optimized. Based on the above single-factor experiment, the main influencing factors were screened out as the volume of activator, ionic strength, and volume of eluent, and the three-factor three-level response surface methodology (RSM) was optimized. The optimum SPE conditions of PFOA from treated landfill leachate were as follows: Activation of weak anion exchange(WAX) cartridge with 10 mL methanol, dosage of 600 mg KCl, 6 mL 1% ammonia methanol eluted PFOA, the theory recovery rate is over 95.67%. It has been verified that the error between the predicted value and the actual extraction recovery is small and has good repeatability.
„Essen sie einfach, was sie wollen“ ist nicht genug
Welche Informationen zum Thema Ernährung Krebs-Betroffene wirklich
brauchen
Authors: Neubauer Sandra , Blumers Anne , Erickson Nicole
Published: September 2022

Krebspatient:innen wollen gerne aktiv an ihrer Genesung mitwirken. Der Bereich
Ernährung ist dafür ideal. Über die Ernährung
können Patient:innen in jeder Phase der Erkrankung dazu beitragen, die
Gesamtsituation ihres Körpers und damit ihre Therapievoraussetzungen zu
verbessern. Um im Bereich Ernährung selbst aktiv werden zu
können, brauchen die Patient:innen konkrete, wissenschaftlich fundierte
Empfehlungen, die leicht verständlich sind und sich im Alltag gut
umsetzen lassen. Sie müssen verstehen, dass ein bestehender Tumor durch
die Ernährung nicht direkt beeinflusst oder geheilt werden kann. Die
Ernährung während einer Krebserkrankung soll den Körper
mit ausreichend Energie, Eiweiß und Nährstoffen versorgen,
Gewichtsverlust und Mangelernährung vorbeugen, Beschwerden lindern und
die Lebensqualität verbessern. Einfach gesagt, die Kraft erhalten
für den Kampf gegen den Krebs.

Seit 2017 bietet die gemeinnützige Informationsplattform
was-essen-bei-krebs.de fundierte Empfehlungen, Alltagshilfen, Rezepte,
Selbsttests und persönliche Begleitung rund um das Thema
Ernährung bei Krebs. Mit ca. 40.000 Besuchern monatlich ist
was-essen-bei-krebs.de inzwischen eine etablierte Anlaufstelle für
Patient*innen, Angehörige und Fachpersonal im deutschsprachigen
Raum. In diesem Artikel geht es darum, welche Informationen und Hilfestellungen
Patient:innen sich wünschen und brauchen.
Phytotherapie in der S3-Leitlinie Komplementärmedizin in der
Behandlung von onkologischen Patient:innen
Authors: Rostock Matthias
Published: September 2022

Im September 2021 ist erstmals eine Leitlinie für
Komplementärmedizin in der Behandlung von onkologischen Patient:innen in
Deutschland publiziert worden. Während andere
komplementärmedizinische Verfahren wie Akupunktur, Akupressur,
Homöopathie und Verfahren der Mind-Body-Medizin wie Meditation,
Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction, Tai-Chi/Qigong und Yoga bei
spezifischen Indikationen zumindest mit einer offenen Empfehlung
(„kann“) eingeordnet wurden, betraf dies in der Phytotherapie
lediglich Zubereitungen aus den Drogen der vier Heilpflanzen Traubensilberkerze,
Ginseng, Ingwer und Mistel. In diesem Artikel wird zum einen der methodologische
Hintergrund für diese Bewertung erörtert. Zum anderen erfolgt
eine Diskussion über einen wissenschaftlich und klinisch angemessenen
Umgang mit der Phytotherapie bei Patient:innen mit Tumorerkrankungen vor dem
Hintergrund dieser neu veröffentlichten Leitlinie.