bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traumatic dorso lumbar spine fractures and its management
Authors: Hekmat Al Dahhan Musaed
Published: January 2024

mobile spine. The posterior approach with interpedicular screws and rods for segment stabilization was found appropriate method.  Forty eight consecutive patients of dorso-lumbar spine injuries with or without neurological deficit ranged from 18-55 years were included in this study. LI vertebra was fractured in 32 cases, D12 in 12 cases l 1 in 3 cases and D10 in one case.21 patients presented with unstable fractures, 12 of them presented with complete paraplegia while 9 presented with incomplete neurological deficit. 16 patients with stable fractures treated conservatively while 32 patients treated surgically by decompression of the cord (Laminectomy) at the site of injury with stabilization by interpedicular screws and rods. All sixteen patients without neurological deficit and stable fractures treated conservatively and return to the work within 3 weeks of injury, 9 patients presented with partial neurological deficit showed significant improvement after surgery, while those 12 patients who presented with complete paraplegia showed no any significant improvement. The anterior wedge compression angle decreased postoperatively and there is improvement in kyphosis and decrease in severity of the pain. Transpedicular screws fixation with rods is the method of choice in treatment of dorsolumbar spine injury for stabilization and decompression to allow improvement of neurological deficit and earlyrehabilitation.
The effect of chronic use of combined Oral contraceptive pills on pap smear
Authors: Yousif Jasem Abdaladeem , Mohsen Shaimaa
Published: January 2024

To assess the probability that combined oral contraceptive pills increase the risk of cervical epithelial changes ( like dysplasia or other changes ),we conducted a case controlled study in Diwaniyah maternity & pediatric teaching hospital; ninty â€“two women with chronic use of combined oral contraceptive pills ( using pills for 5 years or more ) were chosen as a study group ,while one hundred â€“twenty women with no history of using the pills ( non-users ) were selected as a control group for evaluation,both the control & study groups were matched by age,parity,socio-economic status & number of sex partners ( all with a single partner being a muslim). This is to rule out any other effects on the pap smear except for the use of combined oral contraceptive pills,all women were non-smokers, the duration of using the pills was 5 years or more in the study group( all are chronic users which means using the pills for more than 5 years ), our findings were close to some other studies ; it showed an association between chronic use of combined oral contraceptive pills & cervical cellular changes.
Gram-positive bacteremia in febrile children under two years of age in babylon province
Authors: Naher H. S. , Al-Mrzoq J. M. , Hasson S.O.
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate gram-positive bacteremia in febrile children according to some risk factors and to detect the type causative bacteria. One hundred sixty blood samples were collected from children under 2 years who were suffering from fever and admitted to emergency department of Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital in Hilla. The results indicated that 31(19.4%) blood samples revealed positive cultures consisting of 21(68%) gram-positive bacterial isolates and 10(32%) gram-negative isolates*. Gram-positive isolates represented by; Staphylococcus aureus which accounted for 10(33%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) which accounted for 5 isolates(16%), Streptococcus pygenes 4 isolates(13%), Listeria monocytogenes and Micrococcus sp. 1 isolate(3%) for each. The results showed that; infants under one months of age were more susceptible for bacteremia than other ages, in a rate of 32%. Males were found to be more susceptible than females, since the rates of infection were 52% and 48% respectively, with no significant correlation. The rate of infection in children living in rural area was found to be 67.7% while it was 32.2% in urban children with a significant correlation.
The Acute Phase Protein C, Anti DNA IgM and IgG Responses Among Angina Pectoris Patients
Authors: M-S Shnawa Ibrahim , J. Hamza Hiba , H. Omran Affrah , Ghanum K.
Published: January 2024

Fifty angina pectoris patients (APP) were clinically diagnosed in Mergan Hospital in Hillah city during the period from March to August 2009. While the control group were fifty normal subjects. APP and control groups were subjected to a battery of acute phase protein C, Anti DNA and IgM anti IgG to investigate the role of the auto-antibodies in the immunopathogenesis of angina pectoris (AP) . Thirty-five out of the fifty APP (70%) were positive for acute phase protein response with titre ranges of 18-128. while APP. were positive for Anti DNA and IgM anti IgG autoantibodies were 36% and 16% respectively with titre ranges of 16-32 and 4-32 respectively. The immunoprofile of APP was heterogeneic with eight different patterns. Aging and diabetic stats as clinical entities were associated with high anti DNA and IgM anti IgG autoantibody titres means reflecting the possible involvement of autoimmunity in the immunopathogenesis of AP. 16-36% of AP cases are expected to have an autoimmune origins.
Incidence of Endophthalmitis After Extra Capsular Cataract Surgery During Period from 2003-2004 inIbn Al Haithem Hospital
Authors: Abd Al Ameer Hadi Hassanain
Published: January 2024

Aim : To determine the incidence of endophthalmitis in our population following extracapsular cataract extraction over time(2003-2004) and to explore possible contributing factors , and to compare with incidence of endophthalmitis in other countries .Patients and method :8479 patients who were operated on for cataract surgery during the period from January 2003 to December 2004 were reviewed and all cases of endophthalmitis were analyzed ,and possible risk factors identifiedResults : During the study period ,as the technique of extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE)with or without intraocular lens(IOL) implant whether posterior chamber(PC) intraocular lens or anterior chamber (AC) intraocular lens was performed .
Cigarette smoking habits among paramedical students in Baghdad- Iraq
Authors: Hato Juni Faraj
Published: January 2024

Objective: to analyze and descrbe the prevalence of cigarette smoking, attitude among paramedical students.Methods & materials: Across- Sectional study was done among the paramedical students in central medical institutes (as Institute of Medical echnology -Baghdad, institute of medical technology Al- Mansur- Baghdad. This study was conducted from October 2008 to April 2009. students ages 22 to 24 years, They were randomly selected from the first and second study level Global Adult Tobacco Survey based questionnaire. Was used the first part of the questionnaire contained demographic data and the second part contained various questions about smoking habit and attitude.

Results: The study revealed that 50 (8.3%) of student were smoker. The prevalence of smoking was (19.6%) among males, and (0.0%) among females, smoking was more common in males than females (p=0.001), while the never smoked more among females than males (p< 0003).The main sources for initiating smoking habit are friends, parents, and media.Conclusion: (19.6%) of males and (0.0%) of females paramedical students in institute of medical technology , anti tobacco education and awareness should be adopted in the curriculum of school and colleges.
Indications of Tracheastomy in Najaf (Retrospective study 2008-2011)
Authors: L. Hasson Yasir , A. Al-Zubiadi Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Tracheastomy is one of few ancient surgical procedures which is still widely used nowadays. There is an old famous statement (when you think about tracheastomy, it is time to do it). This statement is far away from reality with the emergence of new less invasive methods ofsecuring airway.Aim: to evaluate the indications of tracheastomy in Najaf. Patients and methods: a cross-sectional analytic study of 87 tracheastomy operations had been done in the period between January2008 to February 2011 in Al-Sadar teaching hospital in Najaf.Results : The mean age of our 87 patient was (52.4). Most of our patients were males 59(67.8%). The main indication for tracheastomy was upper airway obstruction 59 patients (67.8%), While the least indication was subglottic stenosis 2,2%. Among upper airway obstruction causes, carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx were the main indications for tracheastomy 67.7%. From 20 patients reqired tracheastomy for assisted ventilation 65% had head injury. In those six patients whom the main indication of tracheastomy was for bronchial toilet, 83.3% had head injuries (5patients).Conclusions : our indications for tracheastomy in Najaf is quite different from those over all the world. While still relieving of upper airway obstruction is the most common indication in our study, replacement of prolong intubation represent the first indication in developed countries.
Effect of Diltiazem on Intraocular Pressure in Normal and Ocular Hypertensive Rabbits
Authors: A. Abdul-Hussein Baha'a , A. Alzubaidy Adeeb , A. Radi Hassanen
Published: January 2024

Background; Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease involving progressive optic neuropathy and altered intraocular hemodynamics; furthermore, glaucoma can cause blindness if it is left untreated.Aim of the study: To explore effects of topical diltiazem on intraocular pressure (IOP) in each of normal and ocular hypertensive rabbits.Materials and methods: A group of 54 males of the rabbits were included in the present study. Induction of ocular hypertension was achieved by injection of hydroxy propyl methylcellulose in the anterior chamber of rabbits right eye. In addition to distilled water (as negative control), each of timolol (as positive control) and diltiazem (the tested drug) eye drops were instilled 3 times daily to right eye prophylactically for 4 days and therapeuticallyResults: Part Î™: Diltiazem (0.5%) caused highly significant (P < 0.01) reduction in intraocular pressure of right eye .

Part Î™Î™: diltiazem, at both concentrations (0.5% and 0.25%) caused highly significant reduction (P < 0.01) in IOP at 5th and 10th days post treatment.Conclusions: Diltiazem exerted a detectable ocular hypotensive effect on the eye of rabbits when applied at concentration (0.5%) or (0.25%) 3 times daily.
Appendectomy in pediatrics : the value of peritoneal Fluid Smear and its bacteriological Profile
Authors: Mohammed Kadhim Manal
Published: January 2024

Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of abdominal pain requiring surgery in children. In most instances the infecting organisms are normal inhabitants of the lumen of appendix . Surgery allows easy microbiological sampling. Aspiration of fluid or pus in a syringe is preferred. Swabs are less suitable and only to be used when sampling with a syringe is not feasible. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria and particularly of the anaerobes can be important to adjust therapy in case of the presence of multi resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological profile of acute appendicitis in children.

Study design is a prospective descriptive study including children hospitalized for acute appendicitis. Tissue samples(a specimen of the appendix), peritoneal fluid swab from the appendicial fossa and the peritoneal exudates (if exists) obtained at surgery from 54 children with suspected acute appendicitis operated at the pediatric surgery unit at the Maternity and Child Teaching Hospital in Al- Diwaniyah province from the period 1st of June 2007 to the end of May 2011, were examined histologically and by culture for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Out of these, 39 boys (72.2%) and 15 ( 27.7% girls). Their age ranged between (1.8-13) years, with a mean of 6.9 years. Of the all patients studied 34 presented with suppurative and phlegmnous appendicitis, 8 with gangrenous appendicitis, 6 with septic complications of appendicitis and 6 had normal appendices. Only 80 of the 108 swabs taken yielded a positive culture (74.07%). Bacteroides species and E.coli were the predominant organisms in most normal and acutely inflamed appendices. Aerobic bacteria were highly sensible to imipenem, amikacin, ceftriaxone and clindamicyn, but it was absolutely resistance to ampicillin. For anaerobic bacteria, sensitivity rates from high to low were chloramphenicol, carbenicillin, metronidazole and clindamycin. Although in our study no antibiotic regime was changed on the basis of a positive culture swab and the peritoneal culture swabs do not improve immediate postoperative therapy based on surgical impression and rapid histological reporting, however, the routine use of peritoneal culture swabs may be of value in identifying patients requiring outpatient follow-up.
Clinical and Laboratory investigation of Impetigo Contagious cases in Al-Diawynia Province
Authors: Kaeed Mohamed Hiam , Madhi Shaheed Orass , Abdulaa Dawood Najlaa
Published: January 2024

Thirty four cases of Impetigo Contagious collected at period1/11/2008 to 1/6 /2009 with Female: Male ratio of (18:16) with ages (1- 30) The results was found that 26 patients (76.4 %) revealed staphylococcus aureus in laboratory examination . four patients (11.76 %) have shown streptococcus pyogenes , while the remaining (11.76 %) were found to have combined bacteria. This work revealed the interesting similar results of causative agent : staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen , almost consistent with western literatures.
Cytotoxic effect of crab shell extracts on different tumor cell lines
Authors: M. Al-Shammari Ahmed , Y. Yaseen Nahi , Al-Alwaji Shareef , Raad Khansaa , Salman Dawood Shiamaa
Published: January 2024

Crab, a kind of marine animal that has a unique status in evolution, has many bioactive substances with special functions. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor effects of four different extracts derived from crab shell (aqueous and methanolic extracts of burned and normal crab shell powder). Aqueous and methanolic extracts of burned crab shell powder were shown to be cytotoxic and inhibit the in vitro proliferation of human laryngeal carcinoma tumor cell lines (Hep-2) and human Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD) and one murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumor cell line (AMN3), in dose and time dependant manner. These results suggest that the burned crab shell powder have an antitumor effect that needs more investigations.
Determination of the prevalence of viral aetiology of diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age in Baghdad province
Authors: M. Hussan Basim
Published: January 2024

Determination the prevalence of viral, parasitic and bacterial etiology of gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years of age with diarrhea in various hospitals of Baghdad province. A total of 250 stool samples were collected from various hospitals of Baghdad province .Samples were investigated for bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens using microscopic examination. Bacterial culture of stool samples was done in different culture media including MacConkey, XLD, DCA, TCBS and campylobacter media, TCBS and selenite F broth and bacterial growth was examined by analytical profile index (Api20E) system , commercial antisera and colonies characteristics. Enzyme immunoassays were used to identify Group A rotavirus ,Astrovirus and enteric adenovirus Out of 250, 106 children (42.4%) were diagnosed as viral infection of which Rotavirus was found in the majority of cases 91 (36.4%), Adenovirus was detected in 15(6%) patients. bacterial causes were 63 (25.2%) of which 36 (14.4%) were Escherichia coli (ETEC), 12 (4.8%) were Shigella flexneri , 6(2.4%) were Campylobacter jejunii and 9(3.6) were Salmonella enteritidis . Entamoeba histolytica 22 (8.8%) and Giardia lamblia 22 (8.8%) were the most frequent parasite which isolated from all diarrheal stool specimens. Also from total of 250 samples, 40 samples (16%) were dysenteric stool specimens (bloody diarrhea) and the most common pathogens isolated from dysenteric stool specimens were E.histolytica 22(8.8%), Shigella flexneri 12(4.8%) and Campylobacter jejunii 6 (2.4%). The current study revealed a high prevalence of rotavirus as most common cause of diarrhoea in children less than 5 years of age.
Effect of gentamicin on the histology of renal tubules in different doses, Experimental study
Authors: Mahdi Mutlag Ali , Abd Al-Hussain Al-Shouk Asaad , Hadi Jassim Majid
Published: January 2024

The present study showed that the gentamicin cause a mild effect to the proximal convoluted tubules at dose of 5 mg/kg for 14 days represented by loss of brush border. Vacuoles of various sizes appeared with flattening and dilatation of the tubules, condensation of nuclear chromatin was observed, with partial detachment of the cells from the basement membrane. In comparison the more clear effect of gentamicin appears at 10 mg/kg dose that included loss of apical surface and detachment of cells from the basement membrane, with nearly complete loss of brush border and increase in number & size of the cytoplasmic vacuoles. Many nuclei with condensed chromatin and nuclear fragmented cells (apoptosis) were located in tubular lumen. The study concluded that gentamicin has adverse effect on the kidney and renal tubules histology especially in the high dose administration, comparison with low dose that reveal to mild damage.
Sera levels of Interleukin -6 in psoriatic patients in najaf city
Authors: Hussain fadel Radhia
Published: January 2024

This work was done to evaluate IL-6 level , Total white blood cells count , Neutrophils and Eosinophils. Study group included (80) subjects were classified to two groups according to the severity of the psoriasis , mild which include 32 patients, their ages ranged between (9-40) years and sever group which include 48 patients , their ages ranged between (17-75 years) . The control group consist of (30) healthy volunteers , their ages ranged between (9-75) years no symptoms and with no history of psoriasis. Il-6 were estimated by kit The Biosoure Il-6 (EASIA) using a solid phase enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay (EASIA) performed on microtiterplate for serum in both mild and sever subjects The result revealed that The mean of IL-6 concentration was higher in sever psoriatic group (39.24 pg/ml) than mild psoriatic patients (20.98 pg /ml) with higher significantly at p<0.01 , while the levels of IL-6 in mild psoriatic group showed no significant differences as comparing with healthy control group (p>0.05); while Total white blood cells count of studied group were a significantly increased number of leukocyte in inflammatory skin and psoriasis patients, Neutrophils percentage of studied groups , the current study are similar to those of a significantly increased number of leukocytes in inflammatory skin and psoriasis patients , The mean value levels of patients were significantly higher thanthose of control s(32.0) pg/ml and (12.64) pg/ml respectively at(p<0.01).
Using mesh hernioplasty to patient with inguinal Hernia
Authors: A. Mohialdeen Fadhil
Published: January 2024

To clinically evaluate the outcome of Inguinal Hernioplasty in terms of haematoma, wound infection and recurrence, with special reference to surgery done by trainee surgeons. A total of 50 patients with inguinal hernia were operated during the study period. The result of the present study concluded that using mesh for surgical operation of hernia is much better than the ordinal operation of hernia because this technique reduces the recurrence of the disease, while the classical operation is related to recurrence of the disease. Also Mesh can reduce the appearing of hematomas, Wound infections after the operation, while the classical operation is related to appearing of the hematomas and Wound infections after the operation. Further more there is no significant difference between the two methods regarding appearing of seromas after the operation however, its appear among those patients which did a classical operation more than those which using mesh for operation. So In our set-up Mesh Hernioplasty has proven to be effective with low complication and recurrence rates.
A Study of Human Leukocyte Antigens-G (HLA-G), cANCA and pANCA in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Patients
Authors: A. Al-Hilaly Hummady , T. Al-Obaidi Osama , Abdullah Tahir Abdul razaq
Published: January 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the bowel, consisting mainly of Crohnâ€™s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The incidence of IBD has been rising not only in Western countries, but also in Asia, the exact causes of both diseases are still a mystery. A total of forty two Iraqi patients from Al-Diwanyia province (15 females and 27 males) who have been diagnosed by specialist physicians in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital for Gastrointestinal Tract and Hepatic diseases unit, compared with twenty one unrelated, healthy controls (10 females and 11 males). All patients was diagnosed by endoscopy and biopsy from the sites of inflammation (hitopathological method). The patients group was composed of two sub-groups; 38(90.5%) patients with Ulcerative Colitis and 4(9.5%) patients with Crohn's disease. The highest age incidence was above 40 years old (55.3% and 25% of UC and CD patients, respectively), followed by age of 30-39 years. The majority of UC (81.5 %) have shown positive results for p.ANCA, compared with (25 %) of CD patients, while all controls have given negative results for this test. Both of UC(47.4%) and CD(100%) patients shown positive results for HLA-G, while all healthy controls were given negative results for this test.
Reciprocal Intermolecular antigenic competition between E. coli and P. aeruginosa
Authors: Mohamed-Saeed Abdulwahid Ibrahim , Abdulabass Hamza ALHarmoosh Raad
Published: January 2024

It has been observed that in a dimicrobic mucosal urinary tract infection . The specific antibody titre of E. coli was higher than that of P. aeruginosa. The interpretation was based on antigenic competition . Hence a case of UTI with combined gram negative infection were chosen and diagnosed as E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Identified by classical tests and API 20E system) . Balanced and unbalanced heat killed E. coli and P. aeruginosa antigens in different combination proportions were made and used for specific immune priming of rabbits. Monotypic heat killed antigens were made and used for priming rabbits separately standard tube agglutination and ELISA IL-4 were used to match humoral and cellular arms respectively in the state of secondary immune responses. The specific antibody mean titres in combinations was reduced as compared to mean titres of monotypic sera which is an indication for antigenic competition . It was reciprocal intermolecular type (T cell dependent) . IL-4 determinations were increased as compared monotypic and control in the sera react against unbalanced combinations. Such increase indicate its role in antigenic competition . Thus , the E. coli-P. aeruginosa antigenic competition is a reciprocal , humoral and cellular and intermolecular type. The role of IL-4 in antigenic competition is being reported for the first time .
Paraumbilical hernial repair by mesh plug under local anesthesia
Authors: Habeeb Taher Fadel
Published: January 2024

Back ground and objectives : The standard method of repair of paraumbilical hernia is by the mayo's technique,using a doublebreasted flap of the rectus sheath. The present study describes and evaluates the application of a prolen mesh plug in the paraumbilical repair.The use of a mesh plug in hernial repair is not a new concept with previous investigators yielding consistently excellent results in the repair of femoral and inguinal hernia. Patients and Methods: The study is prospective analysis of 36 patients having undergone PUH repair using the mesh plug technique in the period April 2004-April 2007. The study was conducted in Al-yarmouk teaching hospital .There were 16 males and 20 females with a median age of 50 years. ( range 30-80 years). Seventy percentage of the patient sample was obese (median BMI 30). whenever possible local anesthesia was used. Principal outcome measures were post â€“operative complications, recurrences,length of stay in hospital, analgesia, drain, return to normal activities and patient satisfaction.

Results: post operative complications encountered included one case of seroma and a single case of wound infection. Ninety eight persent [35 ] of patients were satisfied with procedure.Conclusion : Mesh plug repair can be performed with minimal post operative pain , minimal postoperative complications ,low recurrence rate and achieving excellent patient satisfaction. Prosthetic mesh plug repair under local anesthesia could become the standard treatment for PUH in adults.
Isolation and Detection of Echoviruses in Acute Flaccid Paralysis among children under 15 years old in different Iraqi Provinces
Authors: A. Al-Hilaly Hummady , Hadi Eissa Al-Sayidi Razaq , G.AL- Hamadani Faisal
Published: January 2024

Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid onset of weakness, affecting the muscles then progressing to maximum severity within several days to weeks and sometimes may lead to death. The objective of this study was the isolation and detection of Non-Polio Enteroviruses, The ECHO virus from three hundred stool specimens obtained from children aged less than 15 years old showing symptoms of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from different Iraqi provinces and characterization the different serotypes of these viruses using both tissue culture (using RD cells) and neutralization-assay methods. This was done according to protocols applied by reference laboratories recommended by World Health Organization. The common diagnostic approach in a suspected Enteroviruses infection is the isolation of the virus (stool samples) in susceptible cell cultures such as RD cell line this cells appearance cytopathic effect (CPE ) for polio viruses and NPEVs . Virus isolation is then followed by the use of a neutralization-type assay to identify the serotype of the isolated Enterovirus, a process commonly known as serotyping. The current study, which covered in different Iraqi provinces shows that echoviruses (ECHO) had the highest prevalence affecting 79 cases (26.33%) out of 101 NPEVs. The present study showed that the maximum frequency of ECHO virus isolation was reported in Baghdad 31 (51.67%) and Basrah 21 (52.5%).
Asses microvascular densities in breast ductal cell carcinoma (using CD 31 & VWF immunostain), in correlation to ER status
Authors: Zeki Naji Ali , A. Kerbel Hedel
Published: January 2024

For three years duration( Jan 2009 â€“ Des 2011) , 50 cases of ER positive cases and 50 cases of ER negative cases were collected among mastectomy samples from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast which were received by the department of histopathology in AL -Hilla teaching hospital. microvessel density (MVD) estimation for all cases using CD â€“ 31 & VWF immunostain, and the quantitative analyses of the microvessels in the 10 high power fields revealed the median for vessels count identified by anti-CD31 in ER-positive & ER- negative groups were( 18, 30) respectively, while median MVD as it expressed by anti-VWF in ER-positive & ER-negative groups were (19, 33) respectively. There were greater concentrations of microvessels stained brown by both antibodies (CD31 & VWF) in estrogen receptors- negative group compared to the estrogen receptors â€“ positive group. This difference was statistically significant (p< 0.001) .The highest values of MVD were obtained using anti-VWF other than anti-CD31 & the median MVD was significantly different between those two antibodies (p <0.005). So the

conclusion is that, high vessels count represent increased tumor angiogenesis and correlated with estrogen status, and tumor grade. Microvessels quantitation may be an additional prognostic factor especially when it combined with more established parameters like estrogen receptor status.
Comparisons of quality of life for schizophrenic outpatients and a control population
Authors: Dawood Jasam Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The study of quality of life (QOL) and the focus on patients' subjective sense of well-being is a new approach to understand the impact of the illness.87 patients suffering from schizophrenia, attending the psychiatric outpatient unit of Al Rashad Teaching Hospital in Baghdad and 100 control formed the subjects.QOL of the patients and the control sample were assessed using the WHOQOL-100Arabic version. Patients group scored lower than control on all facets of QOL For the control group the highest scores on facet of self-esteem, while the lowest scores on facet of security. For the patients, the highest scores on facets of; religion and dependence on treatment or medications.
Detection of TEM and SHV genes in Escherichia coli and Klebseilla species isolated from cancer patients in Al-Diwaniya Governorate
Authors: H. Al-Hamadani Adnan , M. Al-Rikabi Adel , F. Al- Fatlawi Atheer
Published: January 2024

The aim: Detection of some genes that encode to some extended spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes in E. coli and Klebseilla spp. isolates from colon and bladder cancer patients by using the phenotypic and genotypic method.

Methods: A total of 61 stool and urine samples collected from 61 patients definitely and clinically diagnosed with cancer. All these isolates were identified by conventional methods and confirmed by VITEK-2 system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined using disk diffusion methods. Investigation of production of ESBL was done by DDST methods while screening of Î²-lactamase genes was done by PCR technique.Results: The study revealed that Klebsiella species and E. coli were detected in 17 (73.9 %) from urine samples, and 19 (73 %) from stool samples, the vast majority of isolates were found to be resistant to ÃŸ-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin and amoxicillin) in the primary screening test at percentage 19 (86.4 %) of E. coli isolates and 13 (92.8 %) Klebsiella spp. and all the tested isolates are resistant to a minimum of three classes of antibiotics to which they are tested, hence the isolates are considered to be multidrug resistant. the confirmative detection of ESBL by double disk synergy test showed that out of 32 Î²-lactam resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae examined in this study, ESBLs were detected in 9 (28.1 %) isolates. The results of molecular detection of ESBL genes (blaTEM and blaSHV) by using PCR technique showed that all the tested ESBL producing isolates were carried at least one of the ESBL genes SHV and (66.7 %), TEM (55.6 %).Conclusion: There is a high occurrence of the tow ESBL genes in clinical isolates of colon and bladder cancer patients.
Immunohistochemical study of CD15 expression in CD30+ classical Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Jawad Kadhum Thaeer , Rassul Hussain Aws , Jamal Naser Nawar
Published: January 2024

defined B-cell neoplasm that includes two distinct types of disease, classical and nodular lymphocyte-predominant. Aim of the study: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CD15 in CD30+ classical Hodgkinâ€™s lymphoma. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included revision of 52 lymph nodes specimens from patients newly diagnosed with HL from January 2005 to September 2010.These samples were collected from Al-Yarmouk Teaching  Hospital, Baghdad Medical City and Al-Atheer private laboratory. Only well-preserved samples that stood a retrospective confirmatory morphological revision and revealed IHC CD30 stain {from DAKO} positive reactivity were included in this study. All biopsies were formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded. A 4 micron sections obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and CD15 monoclonal antibody {from DAKO} according to thekit-included instructions.Results: This study revealed that the CD15 positive classical HL are 24 (75%), 10 (100%), 6 (100%) and 0 (0%) for MC, NS, LD and LR respectively.Conclusions: All cases of cHD should undergo immunophenotypic analysis for CD15 in addition to CD30 antigen.
New technique use to Rapid Isolation Pneumococcus bacteria from both Pneumococcus meningitis and Pneumococcus pneumonia infections in Iraq
Authors: Kadum Al-Araji Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Pneumococcal pneumonia is more common in the very young and the very old ages. Pneumococci are the most common cause of meningitis in adults. Especially at risk are alcoholics and people with chronic otitis, sinusitis, mastoiditis. We compared the relative efficacy of three methods for the isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae microorganism in both pneumococcal meningitis and pneumococcal pneumonia in both lower respiratory secretion and cerebrospinal fluid depending on results from total speciemens collected (Cerebrospinal fluid and respiratory secretion). These 100 speciemens were subcultured on different three types of blood agar plates we found that Streptococcus pneumonia was isolated at a frequency of 70% with 5% sheep Blood Agar or 5% Sheep Blood Agar containing 5ug/ml of Gentamicin per milliliter, both incubated in 5% Co2. Anaerobic incubation of 5% sheep blood agar containing 5ug/ml of Gentamicin per milliliter enhanced the recovery rate of Streptococcus pneumonia to 90%. The differences in the recovery rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from both pneumococcal meningitis and pneumococcal pneumonia by various culture media and conditions were analyzed.
The incidence of some virulence factors among thebacterial isolates from the patients with prostatitis and their relation with antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: A. K. Al-Saadi Mohammed , H. Issa Awatif , A. Atiyah Saad
Published: January 2024

Background:Inflammation is observed in theprostate tissue from patients with prostatitis and the bacteria may involving due to their ability to produce virulence factors. Recent studies have suggested that the decrease in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli is due to acquisitionof resistance to some antibiotics. This study was performed to investigate three virulence factors includingcytotoxic necrotizing factor-1(cnf-1),uropathogenic specific protein (usp) and group II capsule(kpsMTII) in bacterial isolates from the patients with prostatitis and determine their antibiotics susceptibility patterns

Methods:The drug sensitivity of (11) bacterial isolates including (10)E. coli isolates and (1) Enterobacteraerogenes isolate from patients with prostatitiswere evaluated by using a disc diffusion method. The prevalence ofvirulence genes (cnf-1, uspandkpsMTII ) was determined by PCR.Results:The isolates were highly sensitive to amikacin (81.81%).But the isolates showed a high resistant to other antibiotics , ampicillin (100%), Cotrimoxazole (100%) , Azithromycin (81.81%) , Cefotaxime (81.81%) , Ciprofloxacin (72.72%) and Gentamicin (63.63%) . PCR showed that kpsMTII (72.72%) was more prevalent than usp(18.18%) and the cnf-1 was not detected in all isolates .Conclusion: We propose that the isolates from patients with prostatitis were low virulent in combination with high resistance to many antibiotics.
Pulmonary Function Tests Abnormalities Predictors In Smoker Patients
Authors: A.A. Al-Dhahir Hawa , .S.Baay Ali , H. Abbas Amjed
Published: January 2024

Background: Smoking remains the most preventable cause of premature death and morbidity in the US and the developed world. Cigarette smoking is the most well known risk factor for accelerating lung function decline in adults. This study aimed to evaluate pulmonary function tests abnormalities predictors in smoker patients Materials and methods: This case-control study was done in Merjan teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq, in the period from December 2010 to March 2012. The study included 182 patients who were divided into 114 patients in obstructive group and 68 patients in restrictive group. Duration and amount of smoking were evaluated by pack years. Spirometry was done for each patient. The effects of smoking were compared between obstructive and restrictive chronic lung diseases.

Results: The ages of patients in both groups ranged from 31-70 years. Most of patients were males (65% in obstructive group while 58% in restrictive group). There was significant correlation between pack years and degree of dyspnea (functional state),in addition there was significant correlation between pack years and severity of obstructive and restrictive diseases.

Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that effects of smoking were more in obstructive group than restrictive group. It was established that lung function (FEV1,FVC and FEV1%FVC) decreases with increasing number of pack years. Lung function was related inversely to pack years of cigarette use.
Detection of Ventricular tachyarrhythmia in early five years of Diabetes MellitusUsing Holter Monitoring
Authors: A. Naser Hussein
Published: January 2024

The study was carried in Al Najaf Diabetic Centre in Sadar Teaching Hospital in Najaf . from March 2010 to March 2012 . Aim of the study is to understand the associated ventricular tachyarrhythmias as they important risk factors and can related to sudden death in diabetic patients . we studied 60 patients in early 5 years of disease with other 60 normal persons of same age using Holter Monitor for 24 hours ECG monitor. The results showed occurrence of more ventricular premature contractions in diabetic patients compare to the normal persons and more in female patients .
The association between acne vulgaris and Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha gene promoter polymorphism at position-308
Authors: Hadi Abttan Al-Hilali Hamadi , Jassam Swadi Al-Obaidy Ethar
Published: January 2024

Background ;This study was carried out on (100) patients (64 females & 36 males) with different severity of acne vulgaris with an age range(11-40 )year, seen in AL-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital/ Department of Dermatology, from December 2011 to February 2012, another (50) apparently healthy subjects were taken as a control group. Materials; Blood samples were collected from both groups, genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes for further molecular study, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) technique was used .

Results; genotyping of TNF-Î± revealed three genotypes; the wild homozygous GG type, the heterozygous GA & the mutant homozygous AA type, the genotype frequency for these three types in acne patients was (29%, 67% & 4%) respectively, in control group, however, it was (58%, 30% & 12%) respectively. The frequency for GA type was found statistically significantly increased in acne patients compared to the healthy controls (P<0.001), significant association was found between the minor A allele and females patients(40.6%) compared to healthy females(28.8%) ,P value 0.001,also all the female that had severe and very severe acne carry the GA genotype.
Retinal complicatios after Nd:YAG Laser iridotomy
Authors: M. Ibrahim Haider , Khalaf Abdulla Nasser
Published: January 2024

To identify the retinal complication after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in patients with angle- closure glaucoma (ACG) Retrospective cross sectional study reviewed the medical records of 177 eyes of 177 patients with ACG with initial intraocular pressure (IOP) above 40 mmHg. All of the patients received maximum tolerable medical therapy (MTMT), followed by laser iridotomy done in 156 eyes and not done in 21 eyes (because of variable causes). In order to follow â€“ up the occurrence of retinal complications all patients underwent detailed retinal examinations. Retinal complications occur rarly after Nd: YAG laser iridotomy in patients with angle â€“ closure glaucoma (ACG). Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) occurred in3(1.92%) of 156 eyes Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR) occurred in 1(0.64%) of156 eyes. Macular hole in 1(0.64%) of156 eyes. Retinal detachment , Uveal Effusion ,Subhyaloid haemorrhage and Retinal burn not seen in the study .Our data suggest that we can expect retinal complications after laser iridotomy in eyes with AACG (even uncommen), and the incidence increase in females and with advancing age.
Study level of Interleukin-1Î² and Interleukin-2 in women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis parasite
Authors: Sh. Al Gazali Basima , K. A .Al-Hadraawy Maysoon , A .A .Al-fatlway Haqi
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted on 450 out patients and 30 healthy women, whom have visited the department of infertility at Al-Sadder medical city, Al-Zahra Hospital and in Najaf Province during the period from January till August, 2012. The infection with T.vaginalis in clinical suspected women determine by using the wet amount microscope,the infection women numbers and percent by wet mount microscope gave 49 (10.88%). The results revealed the frothy white discharge 40 (68.96%) while the malodor discharges gave 55 (94.82%) respectively. The results showed significant increased (P<0.01) in concentration of interleukin-1Î² and interleukin-2in serum of T.vaginalis infection patients in compared to healthy group.
Blood groupsdistribution & its relationship with bleeding time and clotting time
Authors: Jabbar Dibby Huda
Published: January 2024

The study carried out on 265 of 2nd year MBchB healthy student in the department of physiology ,collage of medicine in Al-Qadisiya university The study achieved from September 2011 to December 2013, including 265 students ,out of which were 169 females & 96 males. With age range (19- 21 years). Determination of blood group was done for all students and then bleeding& clotting time was determined for each student, it was founded that blood group B was more predominant than other groups among the students, and the clotting & bleeding time was more prolonged in those with blood group O as compared with others , also the female was showing to have prolong clotting & bleeding time than male students.
Molecular analysis of A2 gene after treated experimental infected ratswith visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Abbas Jassem Ghyda'a , Idan Jarad Noor
Published: January 2024

The present study has been carried out at College of Veterinary Medicine, Al- Qadisiya University, Iraq for diagnosed the visceral leishmaniasis by qPCRreaction and to investigate the effect of treatment with Pentostam â„¢ (100 mg /ml) on mRNA expression level of A2 gene in bloodand bone marrow samples of female rats using Reverse Transcriptase â€“Polymerase Chain Reaction .Blood samples were collected from children infected by visceral leishmaniasis, then injected in the peritoneal cavity ofFourtyWistarfemale rats (weighted 250 Â± 2 g.) were assigned into two groups; control group(10rats) and treated group (30 rats). After 8-10 days blood samples collected directly from the heart for diagnosis the infection using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction , also collected blood and bone marrow samples from control group to detect A2gene expression byReverse Transcriptase â€“Polymerase Chain Reaction. The second group was treated with pentostam at dose 25 mg / kg for 30 days and divided into four weeks, and in each week collected blood and bone marrow samples to check the effect of treatment on mRNA expression level of A2 gene. In all of the experimental blood samples, all the results were positive when diagnosed byquantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction . Reverse Transcriptase â€“ Polymerase Chain Reaction results which relied on the relative quantification of A2 gene expression normalized by gene expression levels of housekeeping gene (Glyceraldhyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)),The relative quantification results detected the fold changes in A2gene levels of blood and bone marrow samples of rats treated with pentostam. The level of A2gene expression of blood samples was in the first week 0.24 fold, in the second week 0.08 fold , in the third week 0.02 fold and in the fourth week 0.006 fold ,all of that was lower than control sample. Whilein bone marrow samples level of A2gene expression was in the second week 0.09 fold , in the third week 0.04 fold and in fourth week 0.03 fold, all of that lower than control sample. It can be concluded that the pentostam has active effect on virulence factor (A2gene) ,also the parasite remains dormant in bone marrow samples even after treatmentand possiblyreturn to virulencein the case of any immune inhibition .
Efficacy of Laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing of simple renal cyst in comparison with open surgery
Authors: Mahdi Ali Falah
Published: January 2024

Objective: to evaluate efficacy and safety of laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing in comparison with open deroofed cases. Patients and methods: over period of 3 years , 11 patients with symptomatic simple renal cysts , underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing and another 15 patients with same symptoms, underwent open deroofing.Results: Insignificant difference between both procedures regarding operative time, blood loss, recurrence rate, with better results for laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing regarding hospital staying, convalescence period and wound complication.Conclusion: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing of simple renal cyst is safe and effective procedure with minimal complication in comparing with open one.
Factors affecting rate &indications of caeserean section
Authors: Abdal karim Ebtihal , Ja'afar Alsereah Ghufran , Al Rubayeai Sajida
Published: January 2024

A retrospective study of factors affecting rate and indications of primary C/S in Basra maternity and child hospital for period of three years ( 2004, 2005 , 2006 ).Aim: To assess rate of C/S in this hospital ,and the indications of C/S. Methodology: We reviewed the obstetrical files , the data were c collected which included maternal age , parity, fetal weight and indications for C/S at period from the 1st of January 2004 to 31st of December 2006. Result: The rate of primary C /S over the period of three years was 9.16., rate of ( 2004, 2005 , 2006 ) were ( 10.18% , 9.13% , 8.21% ) respectively. Peak of primary C/S is in child bearing age (21 - 25 ) & most common indications were as follow , failure of progress ,CPD , fetal distress and breech presentation. Conclusion: There were vari ations in the rates of primary C/S in Basra maternity and child hospital in comparison with others rates of primary C/S in different hospital in developed & developing countries but there were large similarities in the indications.
Prevalence and factors associated with rotavirus infection among infants admitted for diarrhea in the region of Mid Iraq
Authors: S. Abood Wisam , A. Al-Juboury S. , A. Al-Rodhan M.
Published: January 2024

Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide and of diarrheal mortality in developing countries. In Iraq, few studies and analysis were executed for evaluation of the extent of rotavirus caused diarrhea among infants and its magnitude as a cause of the most common clinical attending symptoms to the daily care clinics and hospital admission.. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of rotavirus caused gastroenteritis and identify the clinical factors associated with rotavirus caused diarrhea among infants admitted to the hospital or treated as outpatients in three governorates in the region of Mid-Iraq for symptoms of gastroenteritis. This study was undertaken during the period from June 2010 to April 2012 in infants under 1 year suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Group A rotaviruses were detected in stools by latex agglutination test and the diagnosis were confirmed by ELISA test.Of the 348 stool specimens from infants with acute gastroenteritis, 42.45% were positive for rotavirus A. Infants of 9 and 10 months of age were most frequently affected. The prevalence of rotavirus infection peaked in the Autumn season, when temperatures were low, and decreased in summer. There was no significantdifferences in the severity of symptoms between rotavirus caused diarrhea than and in diarrhea of other causes. Epidemiological knowledge of rotavirus is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines. These data will help to make informed decisions as to whether rotavirus vaccine should be considered for inclusion in Iraqi National Immunization Program.