bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Global Health Education: The Role of Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: Douthit Nathan T. , Norcini John , Mazuz Keren , Alkan Michael , Feuerstein Marie-Therese , Clarfield A. Mark , Dwolatzky Tzvi , Solomonov Evgeny , Waksman Igor , Biswas Seema
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The standardization of global health education and assessment remains a significant issue among global health educators. This paper explores the role of multiple choice questions (MCQs) in global health education: whether MCQs are appropriate in written assessment of what may be perceived to be a broad curriculum packed with fewer facts than biomedical science curricula; what form the MCQs might take; what we want to test; how to select the most appropriate question format; the challenge of quality item-writing; and, which aspects of the curriculum MCQs may be used to assess.

Materials and Methods: The Medical School for International Health (MSIH) global health curriculum was blue-printed by content experts and course teachers. A 30-question, 1-h examination was produced after exhaustive item writing and revision by teachers of the course. Reliability, difficulty index and discrimination were calculated and examination results were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: Twenty-nine students sat the 1-h examination. All students passed (scores above 67% - in accordance with University criteria). Twenty-three (77%) questions were found to be easy, 4 (14%) of moderate difficulty, and 3 (9%) difficult (using examinations department difficulty index calculations). Eight questions (27%) were considered discriminatory and 20 (67%) were non-discriminatory according to examinations department calculations and criteria. The reliability score was 0.27.

Discussion: Our experience shows that there may be a role for single-best-option (SBO) MCQ assessment in global health education. MCQs may be written that cover the majority of the curriculum. Aspects of the curriculum may be better addressed by non-SBO format MCQs. MCQ assessment might usefully complement other forms of assessment that assess skills, attitude and behavior. Preparation of effective MCQs is an exhaustive process, but high quality MCQs in global health may serve as an important driver of learning.
Predicting Pharmacist Intention to Contribute to COVID-19 Management at the Community Level: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Li Junlei , Hu Hao , Liu Wei , Lei Chi Ieong , Ung Carolina Oi Lam
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The role of pharmacists in public health management is expected to grow into a key player in the continuing measures of managing the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the community setting. However, their intention to provide essential public health services for combating the pandemic and the impact of their attitude and beliefs are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the intention-to-practice COVID-19-related responsibilities of pharmacists based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), identify the key factors predicting their intention, and explore the usefulness of the TPB model in predicting such an intention.

Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire was completed by pharmacists in Macao between May and August 2020. Quantitative responses regarding intention-to-practice COVID-19-related duties, and the four TPB variables [attitude (A), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and past behavior (PB)] were measured. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to determine the reliability and validity of the tool. In addition to descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation was used to determine the strengths of the association, and multiple linear regression was used to predict the association between the intention and the four key variables.

Results: More than half of the pharmacists practicing in Macao completed the questionnaire (296/520) giving a response rate of 56.9%. Among them, 75% were 26–40 years old and 56% were female. The majority of the participants (91.9%) demonstrated a positive intention to contribute to the COVID-19 infection management (mean = 4.19 ± 0.51). The mean scores for A, SN, PBC, and PB were 4.06 ± 0.52, 3.71 ± 0.58, 3.76 ± 0.65, and 4.03 ± 0.54, respectively. A (β = 0.671), SN (β = 0.608), PBC (β = 0.563), and PB (β = 0.829) were all positively correlated with intention (all P < 0.001). It was found that 72.5% of the variance in the intention-to-practice COVID-19-related duties could be explained by the TPB model using the four key variables with A and PB being two possible predictors.

Conclusion: Pharmacists showed favorable A, SN, PBC, and intention in participating in COVID-19 management in the community setting. Specific training, enhanced stakeholder communication, and improved pharmacy management are essential to increase the willingness of pharmacists to take part in the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health emergencies alike in the future.
Does the Development of the Insurance Industry Promote the Purchase of Rural Commercial Health Insurance?
Authors: Li Cong , Wang Si-Fan , Liu Xi-Hua , Wang Li
Published: July 2021

Deepening the reform of insurance companies and improving commercial insurance protection capabilities become issues important to national strategy. They involve improving China's multi-tiered social security system to analyze the deep-seated reasons impacting the purchasing behavior of commercial health insurance for rural residents in China. Using the DEA-CCR model, this paper evaluates the development of China's insurance industry, inspects the impact of insurance industry development on purchasing behavior of rural commercial health insurance based on the data of tracking survey projects from China's household, and carries out empirical analysis. The research result shows that the development of the insurance industry has obviously promoted the purchase behavior of commercial health insurance for rural residents. This research has significant practical value on protection and promotion of production and life quality of rural residents, which will also provide beneficial reference on the formulation and implementation of future operation strategy in China's commercial health insurance companies.
Strategies for COVID-19 Epidemiological Surveillance in India: Overall Policies Till June 2021
Authors: Ghosh Nimisha , Saha Indrajit , Sarkar Jnanendra Prasad , Maulik Ujjwal
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has gripped the entire world, almost paralysing the human race in its entirety. The virus rapidly transmitsviahuman-to-human medium resulting in a massive increase of patients with COVID-19. In order to curb the spread of the disease, an immediate action of complete lockdown was implemented across the globe. India with a population of over 1.3 billion was not an exception and took the challenge to execute phase-wise lockdown, unlock and partial lockdown activities. In this study, we intend to summarise these different phases that the Government of India (GoI) imposed to fight against SARS-CoV-2 so that it can act as a reference guideline to help controlling future waves of COVID-19 and similar pandemic situations in India.
Soft Capsule Magnetic Millirobots for Region-Specific Drug Delivery in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Mair Lamar O. , Adam Georges , Chowdhury Sagar , Davis Aaron , Arifin Dian R. , Vassoler Fair M. , Engelhard Herbert H. , Li Jinxing , Tang Xinyao , Weinberg Irving N. , Evans Emily E. , Bulte Jeff W.M. , Cappelleri David J.
Published: July 2021

Small soft robotic systems are being explored for myriad applications in medicine. Specifically, magnetically actuated microrobots capable of remote manipulation hold significant potential for the targeted delivery of therapeutics and biologicals. Much of previous efforts on microrobotics have been dedicated to locomotion in aqueous environments and hard surfaces. However, our human bodies are made of dense biological tissues, requiring researchers to develop new microrobotics that can locomote atop tissue surfaces. Tumbling microrobots are a sub-category of these devices capable of walking on surfaces guided by rotating magnetic fields. Using microrobots to deliver payloads to specific regions of sensitive tissues is a primary goal of medical microrobots. Central nervous system (CNS) tissues are a prime candidate given their delicate structure and highly region-specific function. Here we demonstrate surface walking of soft alginate capsules capable of moving on top of a rat cortex and mouse spinal cord ex vivo, demonstrating multi-location small molecule delivery to up to six different locations on each type of tissue with high spatial specificity. The softness of alginate gel prevents injuries that may arise from friction with CNS tissues during millirobot locomotion. Development of this technology may be useful in clinical and preclinical applications such as drug delivery, neural stimulation, and diagnostic imaging.
Case Report: Extrapelvic Endometriosis in the Medial Thigh
Authors: Pascoal Erica , Rogers Stacey , Leonardi Mathew , Leyland Nicholas
Published: July 2021

Extrapelvic endometriosis, although rare, can present in the musculoskeletal system of reproductive-age women and cause significant pain and morbidity. The pathophysiology of this disease is not well understood. In this study, we described the case of a 39-year-old women with an inner-thigh mass causing catamenial pain. Core-biopsy of the mass confirmed endometriosis and she was referred to minimally-invasive gynecology for management. Surgical excision was performed by a multidisciplinary team and she remains pain-free postoperatively on hormonal therapy. Unique to this case, the patient had a history of pelvic fracture. Through this case report, we discuss possible pathophysiologic mechanisms of extrapelvic musculoskeletal endometriosis including the stem/progenitor cell theory and the role that musculoskeletal trauma may have in the development of this condition. Gynecologists play an important role in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of musculoskeletal endometriosis.
Emancipatory Urban Greening in the Global South: Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Dialogues and the Role of Traditional and Peasant Peoples and Communities in Brazil
Authors: Porto Marcelo Firpo , Fasanello Marina Tarnowski , da Rocha Diogo Ferreira , Palm Juliano Luis
Published: July 2021

This article discusses theoretical, methodological and political issues related to urban greening in the Global South, as well as emancipatory alternatives to envisioning more inclusive, democratic, sustainable and healthy cities. We sustain that the role of traditional and peasant peoples and communities – including indigenous, quilombolas and others - is strategic for thinking about alternatives and actions aimed at the paradigmatic transition that surpasses the vision of Eurocentric modernity. It generates artificial barriers that divide countryside and cities, society and nature, life and economy, as well as subjects and objects in producing and sharing knowledge. These peoples and communities designates a diversity of social situations that have as a common denominator conditions of existence considered to contrast with “modernity,” situated on the margins of the representations of “development” and “progress” of the hegemonic economic and political powers. Our arguments are empirically based on experiences developed in Brazil with interdisciplinary and intercultural dialogues carried out in recent years. The events called “Meetings of Knowledges” brought together academic groups and different social movements and community organizations involving social struggles and topics such as health, environmental conflicts and justice, food security and sovereignty, agroecology, among others. These meetings intend to enhance intercultural and interdisciplinary interactions between agents working together in different territories with concrete knowledges and experiences. The contents generated by the debates held at these events and their developments depict social experiences that reinforce the underlying hypothesis behind this article: the social struggles involving the interaction between traditional and agricultural populations with urban spaces in the Global South provide important evidence for research agendas about emerging emancipatory processes related to urban greening. In the first part of the text, we analyze the historical, social and epistemological meaning of indigenous,quilombolaand peasant peoples in the Brazilian context, analyzing both recent contradictions and threats, as well as their role in the emergence of ongoing emancipatory agendas, including interaction with cities. Finally, we show examples related to social struggles, first of an indigenous ethnic group in the Amazon region, and then in two big Brazilian cities, involving social movements and community organizations that integrate actions for decent housing, sanitation, health care, and food along with the rescue of ancestral knowledge.
The Participation of a Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus and Mycoplasma bovis in the Development of Single and Mixed Infections in Beef and Dairy Cattle With Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Oliveira Thalita Evani Silva , Scuisato Gabriela Sanches , Pelaquim Isadora Fernanda , Cunha Cristina Wetzel , Cunha Lucas Santana , Flores Eduardo Furtado , Pretto-Giordano Lucienne Garcia , Lisbôa Júlio Augusto Naylor , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo , Saut João Paulo Elsen , Jorge da Cunha Paulo Henrique , Headley Selwyn Arlington
Published: July 2021

The bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is a multietiological and multifactorial disease associated with a wide range of viral and bacterial pathogens. This study evaluated the contribution of specific infectious disease agents in the development of BRD in cattle from Brazil and determined if a virus within the malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) group and Mycoplasma bovis, acting individually or in conjunction, can be associated with the development of BRD. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pulmonary sections were used in immunohistochemical assays to determine the intralesional presence of six antigens associated with BRD: bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), MCFV, and M. bovis. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 82.7% (120/145) of all cattle evaluated. Interstitial pneumonia (60%, 72/120) and suppurative bronchopneumonia (25.8%, 31/120) were the most frequent patterns of pneumonia identified. Intralesional antigens of MCFV (53.3%, 64/120) were the most frequently associated with BRD, followed by M. bovis (47.5%, 57/120), BVDV (42.5%, 51/120), BoHV-1 (28.3%, 34/120), BRSV (24.2%, 29/120), and BPIV-3 (8.3%, 10/120). Additionally, antigens of BVDV, MCFV, and M. bovis were the most frequently identified agents associated with singular and concomitant infections. The MCFV identified during this study is more likely to be ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), since OvHV-2 is the only MCFV identified within the geographical region of this study. Interstitial pneumonia with proliferative vascular lesions may be a useful histologic feature to differentiate MCFV-induced pneumonia from other viral pneumonias of cattle. These results demonstrate that MCFV and M. bovis, in single or mixed infections, can produce pneumonia in cattle and should therefore be considered as primary agents in the development of BRD.
Work book as an object of electronic personnel document management
Authors: Lomakina L. A.
Published: July 2021

After the adoption of the Federal Law of 16.12.2019 № 439 “On Amendments to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation regarding the Formation of Information on Labor Activities in Electronic Form”, the author believes that the employer has many unresolved issues related to the introduction of the electronic work book. Consider them in more detail/
Professional and qualification requirements for employees in the conditions of digitalization of labor relations
Authors: Obukhovа G. N.
Published: July 2021

The widespread introduction of digital technologies, the development of production, as well as the constantly changing labor market require employees to constantly develop and improve their professional skills and competencies. The growing need to change the current system of qualifications, or rather the introduction of professional standards, will be the basis for establishing more specific requirements for the performance of the employee’s work function, taking into account the specifics of the organization’s activities.
Peculiarities of Labor Discipline and Labor Regulations of Certain Categories of Employees
Authors: Petrov A. Ya.
Published: July 2021

On the basis of an analysis of labour legislation, by-laws and judicial practice, the article examines the peculiarities of the internal labour regulations and disciplines of certain categories of workers.
Intraoperative fluorescence angiography as an independent factor of anastomotic leakage and a nomogram for predicting leak for colorectal anastomoses
Authors: Alekseev Mikhail , Rybakov Evgeny , Khomyakov Evgeniy , Zarodnyuk Irina , Shelygin Yuri
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL) is a life-threatening complication, which increases morbidity, hospital stay and cost of treatment. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors, including intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG FA), associated with the leak of stapled colorectal anastomosis.Methods: Four hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients underwent surgery between 2017 and 2019 for benign (n=10, 2.3%) or malignant (n=419, 97.7%) and rectal (n=349, 81.4%) or distal sigmoid (n=80, 18.6%) lesions with double-stapling technique reconstruction were included into retrospective study. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression of the tumor-, patient- and treatment-related risk factors of AL was performed.Results: An AL developed in 52 patients (12.1%). In multivariate analysis following variables were independently associated with AL; male sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9−7.7; P<0.01), anastomosis at ≤6.5 cm from anal verge (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3−7.5; P=0.01), and age of ≤62.5 years (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1−4.1; P=0.03). ICG FA was found as independent factor reducing colorectal AL rate (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2−0.8; P=0.02). A nomogram with high discriminative ability (concordance index, 0.81) was created.Conclusion: ICG FA is a modifiable surgery-related risk factor associated with a decrease of colorectal AL rate. A suggested nomogram, which takes into consideration ICG FA, might be helpful to identify the individual risk of AL.
SIYASAH AD-DA'WAH WA TANFIDZIIHAA FII ÁSRI AN-NABII
Authors: Ahmas Kholilullah
Published: July 2021

:  أصبحت الدعوة إلى الخير والأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر من وظائف كل من يدعى نفسه مسلما . وذلك لأن الإسلام دين رسالة  يكلف من اتبعه بأن يبذل كل طاقته إلى إرشاد الناس إلى الخير وهديهم إلى دين الإسلام الحنيف. وقد انتشر الإسلام إلى أنحاء البلاد في هذا العالم بفضل  ألسنة  الدعاة والمبلغين الذين كانوا لا يبالون بالتعب ولا الملل طوال حياتهم في أداء هذه الوظيفة , لأنهم كانوا يعتقدون تمام الاعتقاد أن ثواب هذه المهنة  كبير من عند الله  و أجره كأجر المجاهد في سبيل الله , فإن كان يموت في سبيل هذه الدعوة , فإنه يموت شهيدا , وجزاؤه دخول الجنة بغير حساب.

Ajakan kepada kebaikan dan amar ma'ruf serta nahi munkar sudah menjadi kewajiban setiap orang yang menyebut dirinya seorang muslim. Hal ini karena Islam adalah agama amanat yang mengamanatkan orang-orang yang mengikutinya untuk mengerahkan seluruh tenaganya untuk membimbing manusia kepada kebaikan dan membimbing mereka kepada agama Islam yang benar. Islam telah menyebar ke seluruh pelosok tanah air di dunia ini berkat lidah para dai dan informan yang acuh tak acuh terhadap kepenatan atau kejenuhan sepanjang hidup mereka dalam menjalankan pekerjaan ini, karena mereka percaya sepenuhnya dengan keyakinan bahwa pahala untuk profesi ini sangat besar. dari Allah dan pahalanya seperti pahala mujahid di jalan Allah. Dia mati karena panggilan ini, karena dia mati syahid, dan pahalanya adalah masuk surga tanpa dihisab.
ISLAM RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN FROM SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Arif Muhammad Khairan
Published: July 2021

Rahmatan Lil Alamin's Islamic is a general purpose of Islam (Maqashid Am Li Syariah). All the teachings of Islam boil down to Maslahat, compassion and peace of the world, beings and all human beings. The purpose of this study is to uncover the characteristics and main objectives of Islamic teachings that rahmatan lil alamin in the social and cultural life of modern humans. The method used in this study is the Method of Literature Study and analysis of scientific references related to Islam rahmatan lil alamin in social and cultural perspectives. the result of this kajia is that the implementation of Rahmatan Lil alamin values in social life can be seen in the educational life of schools, communities, places of worship and workplaces and mass media.  The implementation of Rahmatan Lilalamin values in budya life, can be seen from the Development of Science, Language, Ideology and Customs.
INDUWNISIYA’ QOBLAL ISLAM
Authors: Hamid Abdul
Published: July 2021

كان الأرخبيل الإندونيسي منطقة تجارية هامة منذ القرون الميلادية الأولى، وازدهرت الممالك الهندوسية والبوذية. وقد كان تاريخ إندونيسيا مضطربا بسبب التحديات التي تفرضها الكوارث الطبيعية والفساد والحركات الانفصالية وعملية التحول الديمقراطي وفترات من التغير الاقتصادي السريع. النظام الحالي لجمهورية إندونيسيا هو نظام وحدي رئاسي وتتكون من ثلاثة وثلاثين مقاطعة. وشعار إندونيسيا الوطني هو (BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA). وفي هذه المقالة سيتكلم الكاتب عن اصل تسميته، ومناخه، وتاريخه، وسياسته.

Kepulauan Indonesia telah menjadi daerah perdagangan penting sejak abad awal Masehi, dan kerajaan Hindu dan Budha berkembang. Sejarah Indonesia bergolak karena tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh bencana alam, korupsi, gerakan separatis, proses demokratisasi, dan periode perubahan ekonomi yang cepat. Sistem Republik Indonesia saat ini adalah sistem presidensial kesatuan dan terdiri dari tiga puluh tiga provinsi. Semboyan nasional Indonesia adalah (BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA). Dalam artikel ini, penulis akan berbicara tentang asal usul namanya, iklimnya, sejarahnya, dan politiknya.
FAMILY DAKWAH
Authors: Hafidz Shubhan
Published: July 2021

Family Da'wah is a concept of da'wah which is being the foundation and guide in building an Islamic family. This concept actually aspires to form individuals as "best of created beings", because pious individuals are born from Islamic processes, ways of life and families. At the next level, these pious individuals will become milestones in building a family that’s blessed by Allah – Almighty. Because of the family is a miniature of society, – at its peak – we hope that these blessed families will manifest "the best of nations" as mandated by 110th verse of Surat Ali Imran, so that social problems that arise from individuals and families can be resolved properly according to the guidance of the revelation and guidance of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
INTERPRETATION APPROACH IN THE DYNAMICS OF SHARIA BANKING
Authors: Majid Zamakhsyari Abdul
Published: July 2021

Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world with a Muslim population of around 204 million. This large Muslim population represents a great potential for the development of Islamic banking. This Islamic banking began to get the government's attention with the issuance of a law that supports Islamic banking. With various policies and decisions from a period of approximately 36 years (1974-2008), starting with the holding of a national seminar on relations between Indonesia and the Middle East which contained the idea of ​​realizing the Islamic Banking Law. This article is a qualitative study. The existence of Islamic-based Rural Banks encourages the establishment of interest-free commercial banks. With various developments that continue to be carried out by the Indonesian Banking, in 2008 the enactment of Law no. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking which is expected to provide significant prospects for Islamic Banking. Basically the concept in Islam cannot be separated from the 5 pillars of primary needs (al-dlaruriyyatul al-khams), namely: hifdhun nafs (guaranteed protection of the soul), hifdhul 'aql (guaranteed protection of reason), hifdhul mâl (guarantee of property protection), hifdhun nasl (guaranteed protection of offspring), and hifdhud dn (guaranteed protection of religion).

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia dengan jumlah penduduk muslimnya sekitar 204 juta jiwa. Populasi Muslim yang besar ini merupakan potensi besar bagi perkembangan perbankan syariah. Perbankan syariah ini mulai mendapat perhatian pemerintah dengan dikeluarkannya undang-undang yang mendukung perbankan syariah. Artikel ini merupakan studi kualitatif. Dengan berbagai kebijakan dan keputusan dari kurun waktu kuranglebih selama 36 tahun (1974-2008), dimulai dari diselenggarakannya seminar nasional hubungan antara Indonesia-Timur Tengah yang berisikan tentang ide merealisasikan UU Perbankan Islam. Keberadaan Bank-bank Perkreditan Rakyat yang berbasis Islam tersebut mendorong untuk didirikannya bank umum yang bebas bunga. Dengan berbagai perkembangan yang terus di lakukan oleh Perbankan Indonesia, pada tahun 2008 disahkannya UU No. 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Islam yang diharapkan memberikan prospek yang signifikan bagi Perbankan Islam. Pada dasarnya konsep dalam Islam itu tidak lepas dari 5 pilar kebutuhan primer (al-dlaruriyyatul al-khams), yaitu: hifdhun nafs (jaminan perlindungan jiwa), hifdhul ‘aql (jaminan perlindungan akal), hifdhul mâl (jaminan perlindungan harta), hifdhun nasl (jaminan perlindungan keturunan), dan hifdhud dîn (jaminan perlindungan agama).
Entrepreneurship as a panacea to increasing youth unemployment in Africa
Authors: Adeola Adedapo O.
Published: July 2021

The African youth population is expected to increase up to over 830 million by 2050 and an estimated 263 million young people may not be gainfully employed by 2025 according to the African Development Bank projection. This is quite worrisome as there is currently an increase in migration of young and skilled Africans to other continents, as well as poor living conditions, increased crime rates, and social vices among the African youth population as a result of unemployment, amongst other factors. Urgent attention is, therefore, required towards reducing the rate of unemployment in Africa. Although job creation and the provision of economic opportunities for citizens are constitutional duties of government officials and public office holders, the alarming increase in youth unemployment calls for a more holistic and sustainable approach to addressing this challenge – hence the need for human capacity building towards self-employment and sustenance. The promotion of entrepreneurship through formal and informal education in Africa, provision of mentorship programmes, and start-up funds will provide a short- and long-term solution to the scourge of youth unemployment in Africa.
The results of using mineral fertilizers of new generation in the vineyards of Crimea in stress weather conditions
Authors: Диденко П.А. , Галкина Е.С. , Зарипова К.Ф. , Шапоренко В.Н. , Андреев В.В.
Published: July 2021

В стрессовых погодных условиях применение минеральных удобрений при внекорневых подкормках оказывает существенное влияние на рост и развитие виноградных растений, способствует повышению урожайности и улучшению качества продукции (содержание сахаров, титруемых кислот, фенольных веществ, витаминов, сохранности продукции и т.д.). В статье приводятся результаты исследований по изучению влияния органического удобрения природного происхождения Изабион на продуктивность и качество урожая винограда технических сортов Алиготе, Бастардо магарачский и Шардоне в почвенно-климатических условиях Юго-западной виноградарской зоны Крыма. В ходе проведения исследований установлено, что применение изучаемого удобрения способствует повышению средней массы грозди на 15,8-40 г, урожая с куста - на 0,8-1,4 кг и урожайности винограда - на 1,8-2,9 т/га в сравнении с контролями. Экспериментально определено, что опытные обработки привели к существенному увеличению средней длины побегов в среднем на 7,7 % и прироста вегетативной массы на 11,8 %. На фоне применения исследуемых систем питания отмечено увеличение концентрации сахаров в соке ягод на 11-18 г/дм(5,7-12,1 %). При расчете экономической эффективности технологии выращивания технического сорта винограда Алиготе установлено, что двукратная внекорневая подкормка минеральным удобрением Изабион снижает фактическую себестоимость произведенной продукции в среднем на 19,7 % и повышает рентабельность производства на 39,5 %.

Using of mineral fertilizers in foliar dressing in stress weather conditions significantly effects growth and development of grape plants, promotes an increase in cropping capacity and product quality (content of sugars, titratable acids, phenolic substances, vitamins, product safe-keeping, etc.). The article presents the results of studies on the effect of natural organic fertilizer Isabion on the productivity and quality of grape yield of wine varieties ‘Aligote’, ‘Bastardo Magarachskiy’ and ‘Chardonnay’ in the soil and climatic conditions of the South-West viticultural zone of Crimea. In the course of the research it was found that using of the studied fertilizer contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 15.8-40 g, the yield per bush - by 0.8-1.4 kg, and the cropping capacity of grapes - by 1.8-2.9 t/ha in comparison with controls. It was experimentally determined that test applications have led to a significant increase in the average shoot length by 7.7% and in the green matter by 11.8%. Against the background of using the studied food systems, an increase in the concentration of sugars in the juice of berries by 11-18 g/dm (5.7-12.1%) was registered. When calculating the economic efficiency of wine grape variety ‘Aligote’ growing practice it was found that double foliar dressing with Isabion mineral fertilizer reduced actual cost of production by an average of 19.7% and increased profitability of production by 39.5%.
The effect of grape ripeness degree on the quality of base wines for sparklings
Authors: Макаров А.С. , Лутков И.П. , Шмигельская Н.А. , Максимовская В.А. , Сивочуб Г.В. , Сластья Е.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследований физико-химических и органолептических показателей сусла и виноматериалов для игристых вин, выработанных из винограда сорта Сары пандас и Каберне-Совиньон, собранного при различной массовой концентрации сахаров на Южном берегу Крыма (с. Морское и п.г.т. Гурзуф). Установлено, что с увеличением зрелости винограда изменяются его технологические параметры: повышается технологический запас фенольных (до 44 %) и красящих веществ (до 42 %), показатель рН (на 15-26 %), показатель технологической зрелости (на 50-109 %), глюкоацидометрический показатель (на 21-100 %), что отразилось на физико-химических и органолептических показателях полученных виноматериалов. Органолептическая оценка образцов показала, что для белых виноматериалов целесообразней использовать виноград с меньшей зрелостью с целью сохранения более свежего вкуса; для розового виноматериала - более зрелый для баланса тонкого вкуса при сохранении умеренной свежести, а для красных виноматериалов - со средней зрелостью, что позволяет получить гармоничные вина с сохранением сортовых особенностей. Полученные данные возможно использовать при планировании производства конкретной марки вина с заданными показателями и возможностью их прогнозирования в готовой продукции, а также регулирования на стадии сбора урожая винограда.

The article presents the results of studies of physicochemical and organoleptic indicators of the must and base wines for preparation of sparkling wines from grape varieties ‘Sary Pandas’ and ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’, collected under the condition of different mass concentration of sugars in the South Coast of Crimea (urban localities Morskoye and Gurzuf). It was found that with an increase in grape ripeness, technological parameters of grapes also change: the technological stock of phenolic (up to 44%) and coloring (up to 42%) substances, the pH indicator (by 15-26%), the indicator of technological ripeness (by 50-109%), the glucoacidometric indicator (by 21-100%), as reflected in the physicochemical and organoleptic indicators of the obtained base wines. The organoleptic evaluation of samples showed that for white base wines it is more expedient to use grapes with lower ripeness in order to preserve more fresh flavor; for rosé base wines - more ripe to balance delicate flavor while keeping mild freshness, and for red base wines - with medium ripeness to get balanced wines with preservation of varietal characteristics. The obtained data can be used for planning the production of a specific wine brand with given parameters, predicted in the finished products, as well as for regulating at the stage of grape harvesting.
El desafío moderno: la vida prescindible
Authors: Hernández-Gamboa Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

This text analyzes the lack of protection and exclusion of a certain part of the population by the modern State as a response to the mechanisms of preservation and satisfaction of another part of this human existence, manifesting as the reverse and the obverse of the management of organic life of individuals by political power, a situation that some authors have called biopolitics. The objective is to distinguish the mechanisms that lead to consider a part of the population as expendable and therefore excusable lives, as well as the devices aimed at their rejection, lack of protection and elimination, taking as an example the migratory phenomenon and state actions to combat this social fact.
Tratamiento endovascular de la enfermedad obstructiva aortoilíaca.
Authors: HERNANDEZ MORENO LUIS CESAR , POBLETE SAAVEDRA ANGELA GEMITA , KOTLIK AGUILERA ALEJANDRO JAVIER , BOMBIN FRANCO JUAN RAMON
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La angioplastia transluminal percutánea (ATP), se ha convertido en una técnica aceptada, en el tratamiento de la enfermedad obstrutiva aortoilíaca, con tasas de éxito del 90-92% y permeabilidad primaria del 55-72% a 5 años.Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del tratamiento endovascular del sector aortoilíaco. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo (revisión de serie de casos unicéntrica), de pacientes, sometidos consecutivamente al tratamiento endovascular (ATP simple y ATP con stent) de la patología obstructiva del sector aortoilíaco, durante un período de 7 años (2002 – 2019), en el Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaíso, Chile.Resultados:Se realizaron 103 procedimientos en 94 pacientes, sexo masculino: 63,83%, femenino: 36,17%, edad promedio: 67,4 años (rango 47 – 96), distribución de las lesiones según la clasificación TASC II: A (46,24%), B (39,78%), C (8,60%), D (5,38%), remodelando la biburfaccción aórtica (kissing stent) en un 6,80%, procedimientos híbridos (12,62%), seguimiento promedio (47,13 meses), éxito clínico (90,29%), exito técnico (94,17%), permeabilidad primaria, primaria asistida y secundaria a 5 años del 68,09%, 75,53% y 81,91% respectivamente, tasa de salvación de la extremidad a 5 años del 84,04%, mortalidad < 30 días del 1,94%, supervivencia a  5 años del 90,42%. Discusión: Las técnicas endovasculares del sector aortoilíaco son fiables, sus resultados ténicos y permeabilidad, están influenciados por el estadio clínico del paciente y severidad de las lesiones tratadas. Conclusión: En pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados, el tratamiento endovascular del sector aortoilíaco presenta excelentes resultados, permitiendo aumentar la indicación de tratamiento en pacientes considerados de alto riesgo.
Implementación de Balón de Resucitación Aortico Endovascular (REBOA) para el control de hemorragia no compresible de torso.
Authors: Ramos Perkis Juan Pablo , Vela Ulloa Javier , Zinco Acosta Analia , Achurra Tirado Pablo , Varas Julian , Ottolino Lavarte Pablo
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La hemorragia no compresible de torso, actualmente tiene una alta morbimortalidad aún en los centros de referencia más especializados. El REBOA es una herramienta emergente que se utiliza como control hemostático precoz en este tipo de pacientes.Caso Clínico: Presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 25 años que sufre un trauma pélvico grave tras caer de altura. Ingresa hemodinámicamente inestable por lo cual se activa protocolo de transfusión masiva y realiza acceso arterial femoral común derecho. Al presentar una respuesta transitoria a la reanimación, se instala balón de REBOA en zona 3, logrando aumentar presión sistólica hasta 130 mmhg, trasladando posteriormente a quirófano. Se realiza packing pélvico preperitoneal y fijación externa, desinflando el balón después de 29 minutos en zona 3. La paciente sale a unidad de cuidado intensivos sin drogas vasoactivas, para completar cirugía a las 48 horas y fijación definitiva 6 días después. La paciente evoluciona en buenas condiciones generales.
PROTESIS MAMARIAS TEXTURIZADAS Y LINFOMA ANAPLASTICO DE CELULAS GRANDES
Authors: Prado Scott Arturo
Published: July 2021

En nuestra área en los últimos años, han aparecido evidencias que relacionan a un tipo de linfoma mamario con los implantes de silicona lo que ha causado gran conmoción a nivel mundial. Este linfoma anaplástico de células grandes no Hodgkin (células T monoclonales), se ha visto asociado en mayoría de los casos, a las prótesis mamarias texturizadas. Es relativamente  raro, ya que se puede presentar en 1 de cada 2.832  operados (as) y se puede manifestar como un seroma periprotésico o como una tumoración de la cápsula cicatrizal mamaria con o sin compromiso de la glándula y de los tejidos adyacentes
Reparacion endovascular de la aorta torácica, resultados a largo plazo
Authors: HERNANDEZ MORENO LUIS CESAR , BOMBIN FRANCO JUAN RAMON , AGUILERA ALEJANDRO JAVIER KOTLIK , POBLETE SAAVEDRA ANGELA GEMITA
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Las diversas patologías de la aorta torácica descendente, representan una implícita amenaza para la vida, y son potencialmente tratables mediante reparación endovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la reparación endovascular de la aorta torácia descendente (TEVAR). Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo, donde se analiza TEVAR, en un período de 10 años (2009 al 2019), en el Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaíso, Chile. Resultados: Se realizó TEVAR en 31 pacientes, sexo masculino 74,2%, femenino 25,8%,  edad promedio 67,8 años (rango 53-85), patologías asociadas: hipertensión arterial sistémica (77,4%), tabaquismo (67,7%) y dislipidemia (38,7%), las indicaciones para TEVAR fueron: el aneurisma de la aorta descendente (51,61%), la disección tipo B crónica complicada (29,03%), y la disección tipo B aguda complicada (19,35%), relacionado al procedimiento se evidenció: morbilidad cardiovascular (12,9%) y morbilidad neurológica (6,45%), complicaciones relacionadas a la endoprótesis (29,03%), incidencia de endofugas (19,35%), estancia hospitalaria promedio de 5,2 días (rango 3 a 17), seguimiento promedio de 47,3 meses (9-108), éxito técnico primario (100%), tasa de reintervención: 3,22%, tasa de supervivencia a 1, 3, 5 años del 96,77%, 93,54 y 90,32% respectivamente, no hubo mortalidad menor a 30 días. Discusión: La evidencia demuestra queTEVAR puede realizarse en forma segura y efectiva, cumpliendo estrictos criterios clínicos y condiciones anatómicas, representando la modalidad de elección para la reparación de las lesiones de la aorta descendente. Conclusión: Los resultados demuestran que TEVAR, representa una excelente estrategia terapeutica, menos invasiva, con baja morbilidad y mortalidad asociada.
TRAUMATISMO TORÁCICO: ANÁLISIS DE HOSPITALIZACIONES SEGÚN GRUPO ETARIO
Authors: González L. Roberto , Barra M. Sebastián , Riquelme U. Alejandra , Reyes M. Rodrigo , Alarcón O. Felipe , Seguel S. Enrique , Stockins L. Aleck , Jadue T. Andrés , Schaub C. Andrés , Saldivia Z. Diego , Alarcón C. Emilio
Published: July 2021

Introducción: El traumatismo es la primera causa de muerte en adolescentes y la quinta en el adulto mayor. El traumatismo torácico (TT) posee características particulares en diferentes grupos de edad.Objetivo: Analizar características clínicas, índice de gravedad de traumatismo (IGT) y mortalidad en hospitalizados por TT según grupo etario.Materiales y Método: Estudio analítico de hospitalizaciones por TT, período enero-1981 a diciembre-2018. Revisión de protocolos prospectivos de TT y base de datos. Se definió grupo etario según Organización Mundial de la Salud (Adolescente: 10-19 años; Adulto Joven: 20-44 años; Adulto Maduro 45-59 años; Adulto Mayor: >60 años). Se comparó clasificación, mecanismo, agente, tratamiento, IGT, Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) y mortalidad del TT según grupo etario. Se utilizó SPSS25® con pruebas chi-cuadrado y ANOVA, considerando significativo p<0,05.Resultados: Total 4.297 TT. Grupo etario Adolescente: 608 (14,1%); Adulto Joven: 2.544 (59,2%); Adulto Maduro: 601 (14,0%); Adulto Mayor: 544 (12,7%). Se observó disminución progresiva y significativa en TT penetrante, por agresión y del TT por arma blanca desde grupo etario Adolescente hasta Adulto Mayor. En Adulto Joven predominó tratamiento invasivo: cirugía 541 (21,2%) y en Adulto Maduro el TT con lesiones asociadas 215 (35,8%), p<0,05. Según grupo etario, se observaron diferencias significativas en TRISS y en mortalidad. La mortalidad fue 1,6%; 2,5%; 3,3%; 5,0%, según grupo etario respectivamente (p<0,05).Conclusiones: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las características clínicas, IGT y mortalidad del TT al comparar distintos grupos etarios. La edad es uno de los factores que determina el pronóstico de pacientes hospitalizados por TT.
Nutrición vía oral precoz en pancreatitis aguda. Estudio de cohorte
Authors: Losada Morales Hector Fabio , Troncoso Trujillo Andrés Ignacio , Curitol Sanchez Sonia Marcela , Sanhueza Vega Felipe Andrés , Silva Abarca Jorge Alberto
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La pancreatitis aguda (PA) sigue siendo una patología frecuente a nivel local y mundial, asociado en gran parte a la prevalencia de colelitiasis. El tratamiento de este cuadro clínico sigue siendo terapia de soporte donde la alimentación juega un rol importante y resulta clave poder determinar la vía de administración y el momento de iniciarla. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si la nutrición vía oral precoz (NVOP) disminuye la estancia hospitalaria y no se asocia a mayor reactivación de PA, ni a deterioro del pronóstico.Materiales y Método: Cohorte prospectiva de pacientes con PA, a los cuales se les aplico un protocolo de NVOP, se evaluó tolerancia al protocolo, tiempo de realimentación, días de estancia hospitalaria, reactivación de PA, presencia de complicaciones locales y necesidad de cama en unidad de cuidado crítico.Resultados: Se incluyeron 65 pacientes, 69,2% de sexo femenino. El 49,3 % presentó una pancreatitis aguda grave (PAG) y el 90,8 % tolero el protocolo de NVOP, con un promedio de estancia hospitalaria de 13,3 ± 5 días vs 19 ± 8,2 días en quienes no toleraron (p=0,0177). Hubo reactivación de PA en 1 (1,5%) paciente sin tener relación con el protocolo. No hubo necesidad de cama UTI/UCI, ni mortalidad.Conclusión: La NVOP como parte del tratamiento de PA es viable y segura, se asocia a menor estancia hospitalaria, y no se relaciona con una mayor tasa de reactivación de PA, complicaciones locales, ni aumento de mortalidad.
DISFUNCIÓN ILEOSTÓMICA EN PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A RESECCIÓN ANTERIOR BAJA POR UN CÁNCER DEL RECTO LUEGO DE NEOADYUVANCIA
Authors: Bannura Guillermo , Fernández Albornoz Macarena , Fernández Marambio Benjamín , Barrera Escobar Alejandro , Melo Labra Carlos , Illanes Fuertes Felipe , Gallardo Villalobos Cristián , Muñoz Pérez Nelson
Published: July 2021

Introducción:La resección anterior baja protegida con una ileostomía en asa (IA) luego de neoadyuvancia es el tratamiento estándar del cáncer del recto bajo localmente avanzado.Objetivo: investigar la incidencia, características clínicas de la disfunción ileostómica (DI) en estos pacientes y, eventualmente, definir un perfil de riesgo.Materiales y Método: se analizan 103 pacientes consecutivos. La DI se define como  la eliminación por la ileostomía de más de 1,5 litros por día durante 3 o más días consecutivos asociado a distensión y dolor abdominal con intolerancia a la alimentación oral en ausencia de una complicación intrabdominal Clavien-Dindo grado III o mayor. Se comparan el grupo con DI del resto (no DI).Resultados: La DI se presentó en el 14,5% de los casos, se resolvió entre 12 y 70 días (en el 50% superó los 30 días), la tasa de reingreso fue 27% y no hubo reoperaciones en este grupo. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos salvo en el tiempo de hospitalizaióny la tasa de reingresos.Discusión: La DI corresponde a un tipo de ileo postoperatorio de gravedad y duración variable que paradojalmente se asocia con la eliminación de altos volúmenes de contenido intestinal por la IA, requiere aporte vigoroso de volumen y electrolitos y en los casos más graves apoyo con nutrición parenteral. El cuadro revierte en plazos variables con manejo conservador. En este estudio no se ha logrado definir un perfil del paciente en riesgo de sufrir esta complicación o factores predictivos de ella.
Fístula aortoesofágica: a propósito de un caso.
Authors: Garcia Borges Nora , Ayllón Gámez Saray , Roldán Ortiz Susana , Pacheco García José Manuel , Daroca Martínez Tomás
Published: July 2021

Presentamos el caso de un paciente con síndrome de Marfan y varias cirugías de aorta por dicha patología, que sufre de una fístula aortoesofágica, por lo que se traslada a nuestro hospital para tratamiento urgente conjunto por parte de cirugía general y cirugía cardíaca. Sin embargo, fallece antes de poder llevarlo a quirófano.
PENYAJIAN LAPORAN OPERASIONAL PEMERINTAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 “STUDI KASUS PADA SATKER KPPN MAKASSAR II”
Authors: Putri Muthmainnah Ananda , Sulaeman Agus Sunarya
Published: July 2021

This paper reviews the impact or influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the application of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) in the presentation of Government Financial Statements, especially Operational Reports (LO) during the pandemic. This study aims to determine the suitability of the presentation of the Operational Report with the applicable accounting regulations and policies during the COVID-19 Pandemic by making the Makassar II KPPN as the object of research. This research is based on data from the unaudited Financial Statements of KPPN Makassar II in 2020, especially the Operational Report and Notes to Financial Statements (CaLK) and based on the results of interviews with related parties. The results of this study are expected to provide input in an effort to prepare quality and accountable government financial reports. Certain circumstances and extraordinary events (COVID-19) have a significant influence on the quality of the financial reports of a government work unit. For this reason, the government issued policies related to the management of state finances in order to maintain financial system stability during the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, including accountability for the implementation of the state budget.