bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-linkages and performance of Asian stock markets amidst COVID 2019
Authors: Bhat Rajani B. , Suresh V. N.
Published: July 2020

The corona virus outbreak, which originated in China, has infected lakhs of people. Its spread has left businesses around the world counting costs. The corona virus is going global, and it could bring the world economy to a standstill. COVID-2019 that began in the depths of China’s Hubei province is spreading rapidly, persuading the World Health Organization to declare it as a pandemic. There are now significant outbreaks from South Korea to Italy and Iran, from America to Britain. The ongoing spread of the new corona virus has become one of the biggest threats to the global economy and financial markets. The economic impact of the COVID-2019 pandemic has introduced extraordinary volatility in global financial markets, as participants are obliged to reassess their valuations of all investments and associated derivatives as the situation develops. In an environment where uncertainty makes it unusually hard to price assets and for market-makers to operate, exchanges are providing the only way to establish consensus on these valuations in real time. Volatility has reached levels comparable with the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, with one-day losses not seen since 1987. The situation is made more challenging by high levels of indebtedness and already low interest rates. The financial markets are all integrated into one as global markets in the current era of globalization. It is important that financial markets remain able to perform their role — providing investors with liquidity, facilitating price discovery, and allowing for risk transfer and the transmission of monetary policy. This study aims at examining the performance of the selected Asian stock markets amidst the times of COVID-2019. This study intends to examine the interlinkages of Asian stock markets selected and to observe the impact of COVID-2019 on these markets. The period of study is from 1st December, 2019 to 31st March, 2020. The tools adopted for the study are correlation, regression, ANOVA and paired sample [Formula: see text] test.
Dynamic conditional betas and equity returns
Authors: Terregrossa Salvatore Joseph , Eraslan Veysel
Published: July 2020

Our study makes use of a new approach to estimate time-varyingbetas with an application of the corrected Dynamic Conditional Correlation (cDCC) model. Our empirical methodology encompasses an examination of predictive relations between equity return and different specifications of dynamic conditional beta, using cross-sectional regression analysis at both the portfolio and firm levels. Our main finding is a significant, positive relation between equity excess return and an interactive cross product term of dynamic conditional beta and market excess return ([Formula: see text]); suggesting that equity return is largely determined by an interaction effect between dynamic beta and market return.
Geotechnical Baseline Reports – ground models you can just make up?
Authors: Davis J.A.
Published: July 2020

Geotechnical Baseline Reports (GBRs) are a purely commercial form of ground model, used to allocate ownership of unforeseen ground risk in a construction contract. They are used at tender to provide a common basis for pricing risk and they are used during construction to provide an efficient means of managing claims involving potentially unforeseen ground conditions. One of the ways in which GBRs are different from conventional ground models is that they do not necessarily have to present objective data-based truths about the ground. This possibility arises because clients have varying appetites and abilities to take on construction risk. GBRs can be difficult to write because they are focused on encounters with the ground during construction and these experiences are often indirect and significantly different to encounters in ground investigations. This construction knowledge and the commercial nature of GBRs mean a multi-disciplinary approach to writing GBRs is preferred. The profession best able to characterize the risk inherent in the ground is the engineering geologist through knowledge of ground models. GBR ground models can be considered to be a distinct commercial variant and development of the engineering ground models described in the IAEG's CS25 report on the subject.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Ground models in engineering geology and hydrogeology collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/Ground-models-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology
Blockchain Technology for Cloud Storage
Authors: Sharma Pratima , Jindal Rajni , Borah Malaya Dutta
Published: August 2020

The demand for Blockchain innovation and the significance of its application has inspired ever-progressing exploration in various scientific and practical areas. Even though it is still in the initial testing stage, the blockchain is being viewed as a progressive solution to address present-day technology concerns, such as decentralization, identity, trust, character, ownership of data, and information-driven choices. Simultaneously, the world is facing an increase in the diversity and quantity of digital information produced by machines and users. While effectively looking for the ideal approach to storing and processing cloud data, the blockchain innovation provides significant inputs. This article reviews the application of blockchain technology for securing cloud storage.
Kinds are calling conventions
Authors: Downen Paul , Ariola Zena M. , Peyton Jones Simon , Eisenberg Richard A.
Published: August 2020

A language supporting polymorphism is a boon to programmers: they can express complex ideas once and reuse functions in a variety of situations. However, polymorphism is pain for compilers tasked with producing efficient code that manipulates concrete values.

This paper presents a new intermediate language that allows for efficient static compilation, while still supporting flexible polymorphism. Specifically, it permits polymorphism over not only the types of values, but also the representation of values, the arity of primitive machine functions, and the evaluation order of arguments---all three of which are useful in practice. The key insight is to encode information about a value's calling convention in the kind of its type, rather than in the type itself.
Liquid information flow control
Authors: Polikarpova Nadia , Stefan Deian , Yang Jean , Itzhaky Shachar , Hance Travis , Solar-Lezama Armando
Published: August 2020

We present Lifty, a domain-specific language for data-centric applications that manipulate sensitive data. A Lifty programmer annotates the sources of sensitive data with declarative security policies, and the language statically and automatically verifies that the application handles the data according to the policies. Moreover, if verification fails, Lifty suggests a provably correct repair, thereby easing the programmer burden of implementing policy enforcing code throughout the application.

The main insight behind Lifty is to encode information flow control using liquid types, an expressive yet decidable type system. Liquid types enable fully automatic checking of complex, data dependent policies, and power our repair mechanism via type-driven error localization and patch synthesis. Our experience using Lifty to implement three case studies from the literature shows that (1) the Lifty policy language is sufficiently expressive to specify many real-world policies, (2) the Lifty type checker is able to verify secure programs and find leaks in insecure programs quickly, and (3) even if the programmer leaves out all policy enforcing code, the Lifty repair engine is able to patch all leaks automatically within a reasonable time.
Parsing with zippers (functional pearl)
Authors: Darragh Pierce , Adams Michael D.
Published: August 2020

Parsing with Derivatives (PwD) is an elegant approach to parsing context-free grammars (CFGs). It takes the equational theory behind Brzozowski's derivative for regular expressions and augments that theory with laziness, memoization, and fixed points. The result is a simple parser for arbitrary CFGs. Although recent work improved the performance of PwD, it remains inefficient due to the algorithm repeatedly traversing some parts of the grammar.

In this functional pearl, we show how to avoid this inefficiency by suspending the state of the traversal in a zipper. When subsequent derivatives are taken, we can resume the traversal from where we left off without retraversing already traversed parts of the grammar.

However, the original zipper is designed for use with trees, and we want to parse CFGs. CFGs can include shared regions, cycles, and choices between alternates, which makes them incompatible with the traditional tree model for zippers. This paper develops a generalization of zippers to properly handle these additional features. Just as PwD generalized Brzozowski's derivatives from regular expressions to CFGs, we generalize Huet's zippers from trees to CFGs.

Abstract The resulting parsing algorithm is concise and efficient: it takes only 31 lines of OCaml code to implement the derivative function but performs 6,500 times faster than the original PwD and 3.24 times faster than the optimized implementation of PwD.
Robust Decision Theory and Econometrics
Authors: Chamberlain Gary
Published: August 2020

This review uses the empirical analysis of portfolio choice to illustrate econometric issues that arise in decision problems. Subjective expected utility (SEU) can provide normative guidance to an investor making a portfolio choice. The investor, however, may have doubts on the specification of the distribution and may seek a decision theory that is less sensitive to the specification. I consider three such theories: maxmin expected utility, variational preferences (including multiplier and divergence preferences and the associated constraint preferences), and smooth ambiguity preferences. I use a simple two-period model to illustrate their application. Normative empirical work on portfolio choice is mainly in the SEU framework, and bringing in ideas from robust decision theory may be fruitful.
Copper Doped Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks (ZIF-8): A New Generation of Single-Atom Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Parkash Anand
Published: July 2020

Reasonable design of electrocatalyst based on abundant earth elements is of great importance for sustainable energy use. Transition metal nitrogen doped carbon (TM-N/C) materials demonstrate excellent catalytic activity. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of these TM-N/C-systems. Herein, we have developed an effective approach to develop highly active and stable Cu promoted N-doped carbon (Cu-N/C) catalysts. The impacts of copper doping and temperature of pyrolysis on catalytic performance have been studied. The Cu-NC-800 catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability with an onset potential (Eo) of 0.99 V and half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.85 V. It also shows strong the long-term stability. The synergistic effect between Cu (II)-N ligand and Cu0 nanoparticles is high, the active center is small, the transfer of mass is rapid, and the electrocatalytic efficiency is increased. The findings showed that the non-noble metal-based catalyst’s bifunctional oxygen electrode activities prepared in this study were as high as those of commercial oxygen-based, noble metal catalysts.
Interocular velocity cues elicit vergence eye movements in mice
Authors: Choi Veronica , Priebe Nicholas J.
Published: July 2020

The visual system integrates signals from the left and right eye to generate a representation of the world in depth. The binocular integration of signals may be observed from the coordinated vergence eye movements elicited by object motion in depth. We explored the circuits and signals responsible for these vergence eye movements in rodent and find these vergence eye movements are generated by a comparison of the motion and not spatial visual signals.
DNA Origami Model for Simple Image Decoding
Authors: Wang Risheng , Yin Zhixiang , Cui Jianzhong , Yang Jing , Tang Zhen , Yang Xinmu , Geng Xianya
Published: August 2020

DNA origami is the application of self-assembly in nanotechnology. The combination of DNA origami and hybridization chain reaction is one of the important application methods of DNA origami. In this paper, DNA origami is used to design the cipher pattern on the base of origami. The cipher chain, which is put into the reaction solution, hybridizes with the molecular beacon and the hairpin structure that form the cipher pattern to build a DNA origami model that can decode the pattern. The cipher chain consists of the starting chain and the intermediate chain. When the cipher is correct, the cipher chain can open the molecular beacon and the hairpin structure to display the cipher pattern on the origami base in the solution.
Numerical Simulation and Validation for Early Core Degradation Phase under Severe Accidents
Authors: Zhan Dekui , Zhao Xinhai , Xia Shaoxiong , Chen Peng , Chen Huandong
Published: August 2020

Early core degradation determines the amount of hydrogen generated by cladding oxidation as well as the temperature, the mass, and the composition of corium that further relocates into the lower head of reactor pressure vessel (RPV), which is essential for the effectiveness analysis of in-vessel retention (IVR) and hydrogen recombiners. In this paper, the mechanisms of controlling phenomena in the early phase of core degradation are analysed at first. Then, numerical models adopted to calculate (1) core heating up, (2) cladding oxidation, (3) dissolution between molten zirconium and fuel pellets, and (4) formation of a molten pool in the core active section are presented. Compared with integral codes for severe accident analysis (such as MAAP and MELCOR), the models in this paper are established at the fuel pin level and the calculation is performed in 3D, which can capture the detail local phenomena during the core degradation and eliminate the average effect due to equivalent rings used in integral codes. In addition, most of the control equations in this paper are calculated by implicit schemes, which can improve the accuracy and stability of the calculation. In the simulation, the calculation oxidation is calculated by using the oxygen diffusion model, while the dissolution is calculated with Kim, Hayward, Hofmann, and IBRAE models to perform uncertainty analysis. For the validation, the cladding oxidation model is verified by Olander theoretical cases in the conditions of both steam-rich and steam-starved. The dissolution models are validated by the RIAR experiment. The code is overall verified by Phebus FPT0 on the integral phase of core early degradation. According to the simulation results, it can be inferred that the dissolution reaction between the molten zirconium and fuel pellets is the main reason for the melting of UO2 at low temperature. In the case of starved steam, part of the fuel pellets can melt down even at 2248 K and relocate to the bottom of the core, which is much lower than the melting point of UO2 (3113 K).
Analysis of the Mechanical Characteristics of Bolts under Roof Separation Based on Exponential Function
Authors: Ding Xiao , Gu Shuan-Cheng
Published: August 2020

With regard to the excavation of coal mine tunnels, the phenomenon of roof separation frequently occurs owing to the deformation of roadway surrounding rocks, and the analysis of the influence of surrounding rock separation on bolt reinforcement plays an indispensable role in the security of support engineering. In the present paper, the hyperbolic function model of bolt load transfer is simplified to the exponential function form, and the simplified distribution form is modified by error analysis. Drawing on the analytic model of elastoplastic mechanics of bolt load through separation, this paper further investigates the influence of separation development on bolt load and conducts the parametric analysis of the separation value and separation position. Finally, taking the separation effect into consideration in the anchorage design of coal mine, practical reference value has been attached to the supporting design of underground engineering in bedded rock mass.
Different Phenolic Extracts of Oil Palm Fruits and Caffeic Acid Prevent Palmitic Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity in HepG2 Cells via Improving Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Wang Ou , Zhou Jiexin , Cai Shengbao
Published: August 2020

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruits are rich in antioxidative phenolic compounds, which exert various health improving effects. This study aimed to comparatively study the protective effects of different phenolic fractions from the fruits treated with or without ultrahigh pressure (UHP) and their most abundant phenolic substance, caffeic acid, against the palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells and to clarify the potential mechanisms. Results showed that the TG accumulation, intracellular reactive oxygen species content, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization were relieved by the administration of those phenolic fractions and caffeic acid. The protection of insoluble-bound (IB) phenolic fraction was the best, and UHP treatment significantly enhanced its protective effect on lipotoxicity. The lipotoxicity preventive effect may be achieved by alleviating intracellular oxidative stress, downregulating the expression of P-P38, COX-2, and iNOS to relieve inflammation, and downregulating Bax and cytochrome C and upregulating Bcl-2 to suppress the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, the oil palm fruits phenolic fractions, especially the IB phenolic fraction, might be utilized as dietary antioxidants to relieve the adverse effects of a high-fat diet on the body, and UHP treatment is a potential method to increase this bioactivity.
A Multiscale-Based Adjustable Convolutional Neural Network for Multiple Organ Segmentation
Authors: Tian Zhiqiang , Song Jingyi , Zhang Chenyang , Tian Xiaohui , Shi Zhong , Yu Xiaofu
Published: August 2020

Accurate segmentation ofs organs-at-risk (OARs) in computed tomography (CT) is the key to planning treatment in radiation therapy (RT). Manually delineating OARs over hundreds of images of a typical CT scan can be time-consuming and error-prone. Deep convolutional neural networks with specific structures like U-Net have been proven effective for medical image segmentation. In this work, we propose an end-to-end deep neural network for multiorgan segmentation with higher accuracy and lower complexity. Compared with several state-of-the-art methods, the proposed accuracy-complexity adjustment module (ACAM) can increase segmentation accuracy and reduce the model complexity and memory usage simultaneously. An attention-based multiscale aggregation module (MAM) is also proposed for further improvement. Experiment results on chest CT datasets show that the proposed network achieves competitive Dice similarity coefficient results with fewer float-point operations (FLOPs) for multiple organs, which outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.
Verification of a Blood-Based Targeted Proteomics Signature for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Cerciello Ferdinando , Choi Meena , Sinicropi-Yao Sara L. , Lomeo Katie , Amann Joseph M. , Felley-Bosco Emanuela , Stahel Rolf A. , Robinson Bruce W.S. , Creaney Jenette , Pass Harvey I. , Vitek Olga , Carbone David P.
Published: July 2020

Background:

We have verified a mass spectrometry (MS)–based targeted proteomics signature for the detection of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from the blood.

Methods:

A seven-peptide biomarker MPM signature by targeted proteomics in serum was identified in a previous independent study. Here, we have verified the predictive accuracy of a reduced version of that signature, now composed of six-peptide biomarkers. We have applied liquid chromatography–selected reaction monitoring (LC-SRM), also known as multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM), for the investigation of 402 serum samples from 213 patients with MPM and 189 cancer-free asbestos-exposed donors from the United States, Australia, and Europe.

Results:

Each of the biomarkers composing the signature was independently informative, with no apparent functional or physical relation to each other. The multiplexing possibility offered by MS proteomics allowed their integration into a single signature with a higher discriminating capacity than that of the single biomarkers alone. The strategy allowed in this way to increase their potential utility for clinical decisions. The signature discriminated patients with MPM and asbestos-exposed donors with AUC of 0.738. For early-stage MPM, AUC was 0.765. This signature was also prognostic, and Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference between high- and low-risk groups with an HR of 1.659 (95% CI, 1.075–2.562; P = 0.021).

Conclusions:

Targeted proteomics allowed the development of a multianalyte signature with diagnostic and prognostic potential for MPM from the blood.

Impact:

The proteomic signature represents an additional diagnostic approach for informing clinical decisions for patients at risk for MPM.
Dual Targeting with CAR T Cells to Limit Antigen Escape in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Simon Sylvain , Riddell Stanley R.
Published: August 2020

Adoptive T-cell therapy targeting a single tumor antigen can induce remissions of hematologic cancers but relapses often occur due to the outgrowth of tumor cells with absent or low expression of the antigen. Strategies to simultaneousy target multiple antigens are needed to fully capitalize on the promise of this therapeutic strategy. In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Fernández de Larrea and colleagues demonstrate in preclinical models of multiple myeloma that targeting BCMA and GPRC5D simultaneously with T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors specific for these antigens may prevent tumor cell escape.

See related article by Fernández de Larrea et al., p. 146.
Prolonged Torpor in Goodman’s Mouse Lemur (Microcebus lehilahytsara) from the High-Altitude Forest of Tsinjoarivo, Central-Eastern Madagascar
Authors: Andriambeloson Jean-Basile , Greene Lydia K. , Blanco Marina B.
Published: July 2020

The nocturnal mouse and dwarf lemurs from Madagascar are known to express heterothermy. Whereas dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus) are obligate hibernators, mouse lemurs (Microcebus) can express a great range of heterothermic responses, including daily torpor, prolonged torpor or hibernation, depending on the species, population or individual. Although there is indirect evidence of heterothermy in a handful of mouse lemur species, direct physiological confirmation is currently limited to four: Microcebus berthae(dry forest), M. ravelobensis(dry forest), M. griseorufus(spiny forest), M. murinus(dry forest/littoral forest). We studied Goodman’s mouse lemurs (M. lehilahytsara) at the high-altitude rain forest of Tsinjoarivo, central-eastern Madagascar. We captured a total of 45 mouse lemurs during pre- and post-torpor seasons. We recorded body mass and measured tail base circumference, which was used as proxy for fattening. Moreover, using telemetry, we obtained sporadic skin temperature data from a mouse lemur female between March and June. From June 9 to 16, we performed more intensive data sampling and thereby confirmed the expression of prolonged torpor in this female, when skin temperatures consistently displayed values below 25°C for more than 24 h. We documented 3 torpor bouts, 2 of which were interrupted by naturally occurring arousals. Torpor bout duration ranged from approximately 47 to maximally about 69 h. We found similarities between the Goodman’s mouse lemur torpor profile and those known from other species, including the fact that only a portion of any mouse lemur population deposits fat stores and undergoes torpor in a given year. The variable expression of heterothermy in Goodman’s mouse lemurs contrasts with obligatory hibernation displayed by two sympatric species of dwarf lemurs, suggesting cheirogaleids use a range of metabolic strategies to cope with seasonality and cold environments.
Notas sobre la construcción de estados de arte en ciencias sociales
Authors: Saldarriaga-Vélez Jaime Alberto
Published: August 2020

el presente artículo tiene la pretensión de contribuir a la reflexión epistemológica
y metodológica sobre la construcción de estados de arte en procesos investigativos en las ciencias sociales, en Colombia. Parte de la distinción entre estados de arte entendidos como «investigación sobre la investigación» y los estados de arte que se constituyen en antecedentes del objeto de investigación, los cuales se tejen en articulación directa con el planteamiento del problema y con las categorías teóricas en las que se fundamenta un ejercicio investigativo académico. Este texto se inscribe en el análisis epistemológico tanto desde las perspectivas de conocimiento, interés y estilos de trabajo en ciencias sociales como también desde perspectivas contemporáneas de conocimiento: la mirada deconstructiva (posestructuralista) y la hermenéutica crítica. Propone además algunos elementos metodológicos derivados de dicho análisis, la selección del material pertinente, según criterios epistemológicos, teóricos y metodológicos, así como una matriz para el análisis del material seleccionado con base en las categorías y subcategorías, tanto previas como emergentes. El producto final de este proceso constituye un conjunto de antecedentes del proyecto de investigación, sin el cual la propuesta investigativa pierde validez.
Estação da Memória de Joinville
Authors: Mira Vinícius José , Sossai Fernando Cesar
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o processo de patrimonialização da antiga Estação Ferroviária de Joinville, Santa Catarina, sede da atual Estação da Memória de Joinville (1996–2010). Nesse contexto, refletimos sobre como os processos de patrimonialização da estação (municipal, estadual e federal)historicamente corporificaram ações governamentais voltadas à fabricação de um patrimônio cultural considerado estratégico para o estado de Santa Catarina. Em termos teórico-metodológicos, nossas reflexões amparam-se na análise documental dos processos de tombamento da referida estação, bem como nos trabalhos de Laurajane Smith (2006), Nathalie Heinich (2018) e Carlos Fortuna (2012).
Resenha
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo Bacani
Published: August 2020

Resenha do livro Preservação do patrimônio arquitetônio da industrialização: problemas teóricos de restauro, segunda edição (2018), de autoria de Beatriz Mugayar Kühl.
Entre enigmas e possibilidades
Authors: Leszczynski Taynara , Borba Maria Salete
Published: August 2020

Esta pesquisa adentra o campo da literatura policial, investigando de que maneira as configurações detetivescas modernas criadas por Edgar Allan Poe, fazem-se presentes, reinventando-se na contemporaneidade. Assim, para responder a essa questão, busca-se entender as configurações detetivescas modernas e analisar os romances policiais brasileiros As iniciais (1999), de Bernardo Carvalho, e O silêncio da chuva (2005), de Luiz Alfredo Garcia-Roza, para visualizar como essas configurações são postas nos livros. Destaca-se que o romance policial contemporâneo, apesar de manter muitas configurações modernas, não tem uma estrutura fixa e linear, dividindo-se em duas áreas: o whoddunit e o roman noir.
Cinema and Tourism
Authors: Astorino Claudia Maria
Published: August 2020

It is not a recent phenomenon that films encourage viewers to visit the places where they are set. This movement is called film-induced tourism and it has been gaining more and more studies and supporters. The associations that can be established between cinema and tourism, however, go far beyond this type of tourism, and this essay intends to present one of these associations: the one that investigates how films can be tools for teaching and learning in a Bachelor’s Degree in Tourism Course. With this scope, an eclectic study corpus was carried out, from which 40 films were selected in order to stimulate the discussion about the tourism practice. To optimize this discussion, topics that cover tourism market segmentation, tourism elements, jobs in the tourism industry, film-induced tours and the relationship between tourists and residents were established. The analysis of the findings showed that the films discussed along this essay can be used in the scope of different subjects in the context of Tourism undergraduate courses, as tools to illustrate and debate various aspects of the tourism activity.
A representação das mulheres no rap: instituindo espacialidades, quebrando barreiras
Authors: Marques Ana Carolina Dos Santos , Fonseca Ricardo Lopes
Published: August 2020

O gênero evidencia-se como um fator determinante na vida das mulheres. De acordo com as estruturas sociais, elas são obrigadas a vivenciar situações marcadas pela discriminação de gênero, opressão, machismo e misoginia. As mulheres constroem o espaço geográfico de forma diferenciada dos outros grupos sociais, lutando cotidianamente contra a exclusão sócio-espacial, a favor da equidade, de sua afirmação e de seu direito a ocupar diferentes âmbitos da sociedade. Neste sentido, a temática da pesquisa se relaciona à Geografia por meio da questão da espacialidade que as mulheres ocupam ou deveriam ocupar, principalmente por meio do Hip Hop e de seu elemento rap, uma vez que atribuem visibilidade às populações vulneráveis e se evidenciam como potenciais ferramentas para auxiliar as mulheres na reivindicação de seus direitos e denúncia das desigualdades. Por meio deste artigo, objetiva-se investigar como a mulher é retratada nos raps masculinos e femininos a fim de compreender se existem diferenças nas formas de representação e quais os desdobramentos que esse cenário pode provocar nas espacialidades instituídas. Para tanto, 20 raps – 10 cantados por homens e 10 por mulheres – foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1977) que possibilitou compreender se as mulheres estão ocupando espaços no Hip Hop e no rap, quais as relações sociais e de poder que estão sendo estabelecidas e em que medida os elementos contribuem para sua afirmação. A primeira parte do artigo discute a temática de gênero, do feminismo, das Geografias Feministas e do Hip Hop, a segunda parte contém os materiais e métodos utilizados na pesquisa e a terceira parte apresenta os resultados obtidos.
Indigenismo musical en Colombia
Authors: Obando Juan Francisco Arboleda
Published: August 2020

En el continente americano, durante los siglos XIX y XX, se desarrollaron expresiones artísticas que buscaron evocar o aludir algún aspecto indígena. En el contexto de Hispanoamérica la etiqueta utilizada ha sido “indigenismo”. El objetivo de este artículo es establecer una caracterización del indigenismo en la música académica colombiana. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio de parte de la producción de tres compositores: Manuel José Benavides (1931- ), Jesús Pinzón Urrea (1928-2016) y Raúl Mojica Mesa (1928-1991). Cada uno de ellos desarrolla una visión diferente del indigenismo; por esto, el estudio profundiza en cómo se articulan las manifestaciones sonoras indígenas con la reinterpretación de cada compositor en sus obras. Finalmente, se presentan conclusiones para ahondar en cómo esta música construye su significación socialmente y cómo refleja en lo musical los debates abiertos sobre multiculturalidad.
2019 George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture
Authors: Hegele Robert A. , Dron Jacqueline S.
Published: July 2020

Dyslipidemias include both rare single gene disorders and common conditions that have a complex underlying basis. In London, ON, there is fortuitous close physical proximity between the Lipid Genetics Clinic and the London Regional Genomics Centre. For >30 years, we have applied DNA sequencing of clinical samples to help answer scientific questions. More than 2000 patients referred with dyslipidemias have participated in an ongoing translational research program. In 2013, we transitioned to next-generation sequencing; our targeted panel is designed to concurrently assess both monogenic and polygenic contributions to dyslipidemias. Patient DNA is screened for rare variants underlying 25 mendelian dyslipidemias, including familial hypercholesterolemia, hepatic lipase deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, and familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Furthermore, polygenic scores for LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and triglycerides are calculated for each patient. We thus simultaneously document both rare and common genetic variants, allowing for a broad view of genetic predisposition for both individual patients and cohorts. For instance, among patients referred with severe hypertriglyceridemia, defined as ≥10 mmol/L (≥885 mg/dL), <1% have a mendelian disorder (ie, autosomal recessive familial chylomicronemia syndrome), ≈15% have heterozygous rare variants (a >3-fold increase over normolipidemic individuals), and ≈35% have an extreme polygenic score (a >3-fold increase over normolipidemic individuals). Other dyslipidemias show a different mix of genetic determinants. Genetic results are discussed with patients and can support clinical decision-making. Integrating DNA testing into clinical care allows for a bidirectional flow of information, which facilitates scientific discoveries and clinical translation.
Comparative Methodological Assessment of the Randomized GLOBAL LEADERS Trial Using Total Ischemic and Bleeding Events
Authors: Hara Hironori , van Klaveren David , Takahashi Kuniaki , Kogame Norihiro , Chichareon Ply , Modolo Rodrigo , Tomaniak Mariusz , Ono Masafumi , Kawashima Hideyuki , Wang Rutao , Gao Chao , Niethammer Margit , Fontos Geza , Angioi Michael , Ribeiro Vasco Gama , Barbato Emanuele , Leandro Sergio , Hamm Christian , Valgimigli Marco , Windecker Stephan , Jüni Peter , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Verbeeck Johan , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Sharif Faisal , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W. ,   for the GLOBAL LEADERS Trial Investigators
Published: July 2020

Background:

Time-to-first-event analysis considers only the first event irrespective of its severity. There are several methods to assess trial outcomes beyond time-to-first-event analysis, such as analyzing total events and ranking outcomes. In the GLOBAL LEADERS study, time-to-first-event analysis did not show superiority of ticagrelor monotherapy following one-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention to conventional 12-month DAPT followed by aspirin monotherapy in the reduction of the primary composite end point of all-cause mortality or new Q-wave myocardial infarction. This study sought to explore various analytical approaches in assessing total ischemic and bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention in the GLOBAL LEADERS study.

Methods and Results:

Total ischemic and bleeding events were defined as all-cause mortality, any stroke, any myocardial infarction, any revascularization, or Bleeding Academic Research Consortium grade 2 or 3 bleeding. We used various analytical approaches to analyze the benefit of ticagrelor monotherapy over conventional DAPT. For ischemic and bleeding events at 2 years after percutaneous coronary intervention, ticagrelor monotherapy demonstrated a 6% risk reduction, compared with conventional 12-month DAPT in time-to-first-event analysis (hazard ratio, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.88–1.01]; log-rank
P
=0.10). In win ratio analysis, win ratio was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.97–1.13;
P
=0.20). Negative binomial regression and Andersen-Gill analyses which include repeated events showed statistically significant advantage for ticagrelor monotherapy (rate ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85–0.99;
P
=0.020] and hazard ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85–0.99;
P
=0.028], respectively), although in weighted composite end point analysis, the hazard ratio was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.84–1.04; log-rank
P
=0.22).

Conclusions:

Statistical analyses considering repeated events or event severity showed that ticagrelor monotherapy consistently reduced ischemic and bleeding events by 5% to 8%, compared with conventional 1-year DAPT. Applying multiple statistical methods could emphasize the multiple facets of a trial and result in accurate and more appropriate analyses. Considering the recurrence of ischemic and bleeding events, ticagrelor monotherapy appeared to be beneficial after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01813435.
Interplay Between Statins, Cav1 (Caveolin-1), and Aldosterone
Authors: Haas Andrea V. , Baudrand Rene , Easly Rebecca M. , Murray Gillian R. , Touyz Rhian M. , Pojoga Luminita H. , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Hopkins Paul N. , Rosner Bernard , Williams Jonathan S. , Williams Gordon H. , Adler Gail K.
Published: August 2020

Statin use is associated with lower aldosterone levels. We hypothesized that caveolin-1 may be important for the uptake of statins into the adrenal gland and would affect statin’s aldosterone-lowering effects. The aim of this study was to test whether the caveolin-1 risk allele (rs926198) would affect aldosterone levels associated with statin use. The Hypertensive Pathotype database includes healthy and hypertensive individuals who have undergone assessment of adrenal hormones. Individuals were studied off antihypertensive medications but were maintained on statins if prescribed by their personal physician. Adrenal hormones were measured at baseline and after 1 hour of angiotensin II stimulation on both high- and low-sodium diets. A mixed-model repeated-measures analysis was employed with a priori selected covariates of age, sex, body mass index, and protocol (low versus high sodium, baseline versus angiotensin II stimulated aldosterone). A total of 250 individuals were included in the study; 31 individuals were taking statins (12.4%) and 219 were not. Among statin users, carrying a caveolin-1 risk allele resulted in a 25% (95% CI, 1–43.2) lower aldosterone level (
P
=0.04). However, among nonstatin users, carrying a caveolin-1 risk allele resulted in no significant effect on aldosterone levels (
P
=0.38). Additionally, the interaction between caveolin-1 risk allele and statin use on aldosterone levels was significant (
P
=0.03). These findings suggest caveolin-1 risk allele carrying individuals are likely to receive the most benefit from statin’s aldosterone-lowering properties; however, due to the observational nature of this study, these findings need further investigation.
Increased Glucose Availability Attenuates Myocardial Ketone Body Utilization
Authors: Brahma Manoja K. , Ha Chae‐Myeong , Pepin Mark E. , Mia Sobuj , Sun Zhihuan , Chatham John C. , Habegger Kirk M. , Abel Evan Dale , Paterson Andrew J. , Young Martin E. , Wende Adam R.
Published: July 2020

Background

Perturbations in myocardial substrate utilization have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic subjects. The failing heart in nondiabetics tends to decrease reliance on fatty acid and glucose oxidation, and increases reliance on ketone body oxidation. In contrast, little is known regarding the mechanisms mediating this shift among all 3 substrates in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that changes in myocardial glucose utilization directly influence ketone body catabolism.

Methods and Results

We examined ventricular‐cardiac tissue from the following murine models: (1) streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetes mellitus; (2) high‐fat‐diet–induced glucose intolerance; and transgenic inducible cardiac‐restricted expression of (3) glucose transporter 4 (transgenic inducible cardiac restricted expression of glucose transporter 4); or (4) dominant negative
O
‐GlcNAcase. Elevated blood glucose (type 1 diabetes mellitus and high‐fat diet mice) was associated with reduced cardiac expression of β‐hydroxybutyrate‐dehydrogenase and succinyl‐CoA:3‐oxoacid CoA transferase. Increased myocardial β‐hydroxybutyrate levels were also observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus mice, suggesting a mismatch between ketone body availability and utilization. Increased cellular glucose delivery in transgenic inducible cardiac restricted expression of glucose transporter 4 mice attenuated cardiac expression of both Bdh1 and Oxct1 and reduced rates of myocardial BDH1 activity and β‐hydroxybutyrate oxidation. Moreover, elevated cardiac protein
O
‐GlcNAcylation (a glucose‐derived posttranslational modification) by dominant negative
O
‐GlcNAcase suppressed β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase expression. Consistent with the mouse models, transcriptomic analysis confirmed suppression of BDH1 and OXCT1 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure compared with nondiabetic patients.

Conclusions

Our results provide evidence that increased glucose leads to suppression of cardiac ketolytic capacity through multiple mechanisms and identifies a potential crosstalk between glucose and ketone body metabolism in the diabetic myocardium.
New species and genera of Agraeciini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) from New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Sulawesi
Authors: INGRISCH SIGFRID
Published: July 2020

The formerly monotypic genera Tamolana Kuthy, 1910 and Ingrischia Naskrecki & Rentz, 2010 are revised. Nanoagraecia gen. nov. is introduced as new genus, and Strictonicsara subgen. nov. as new subgenus of Pseudonicsara Karny, 1912. Five new species of Salomona Blanchard, 1853, one new species of Paramacroxiphus Willemse, 1961, and one new species of Jambiliara Ingrisch, 1998 are described. An updated key to the species of Paramacroxiphus is given. The following species are described as new: Tamolana extensa sp. nov., Tamolana arborea sp. nov., Tamolana malu sp. nov., Ingrischia acuticeps sp. nov., Ingrischia brevicona sp. nov., Ingrischia carinata sp. nov., Ingrischia signifer sp. nov., Ingrischia samberi sp. nov., Salomona brevivertex sp. nov., Salomona gumunang sp. nov., Salomona fuscifrons sp. nov., Salomona longicornis sp. nov., Salomona lanigera sp. nov., Paramacroxiphus bistylatus sp. nov., Pseudonicsara (Strictonicsara) brachyptera sp. nov., Pseudonicsara (Strictonicsara) rugosa sp. nov., Nanoagraecia gibberosa sp. nov., Jambiliara rotunda sp. nov. A subdivision of the female subgenital plate of Salomona into two sclerites plus a pair of lateral appendages is described and compared to a similar modification in the genus Ingrischia.
DNA barcodes, morphology and geographic distribution confirm a new butterfly species in the genus Rhamma (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: PRIETO CARLOS , HINCAPIE CARLOS FEDERICO ÁLVAREZ , GIRALDO ALEJANDRA CLAVIJO , URIBE SANDRA
Published: July 2020

We diagnose a new butterfly species from the Belmira paramo in the central cordillera of the Colombian Andes. We infer from the barcoding analysis, wing pattern, morphology and distribution that this entity is not a geographical variation or subspecies of any named lycaenid, and it is described herein as Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov. Adult specimens and female genitalia are illustrated and compared with R. arria (Hewitson, 1870) and R. oxida (Hewitson, 1870), the most closely related taxa based on similarities of wing pattern and COI sequences.
Fluctus gen. nov., a new castianeirine genus from Yunnan, China (Araneae: Corinnidae)
Authors: JIN CHI , ZHANG FENG
Published: July 2020

A new genus of the subfamily Castianeirinae Reiskind, 1969, Fluctus gen. nov. from Yunnan, China is described, as well as two new species, F. bannaensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and F. tengchongensis sp. nov. (♂♀).
Hybrid Kernel Support Vector Machine Classifier and Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm Based Intelligent Classification Algorithm for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rubini L. Jerlin , Perumal Eswaran
Published: July 2020

In the present day, distributed algorithms become more popular due to their diversity in several applications. The prediction and reorganization of medical data required more practice and information. We propose a novel approach feature selection based on efficient chronic kidney disease
(CKD) prediction and classification. Primarily, the pre-processing pace will be implemented over the input data. Then, the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm gets executed to choose the optimal features from the pre-processed data. Next, the projected technique exploits the Hybrid Kernel
Support Vector Machine (HKSVM) as a classification model to identify the presence of CKD or not. The simulation takes place in MATLAB. The validation of the presented model takes place using a benchmark CKD dataset as of machine learning repository such as UCI under the presence of several
measures. New outcome specified that the planned categorization arrangement has surpassed by containing enhanced 97.26% accuracy for kidney chronic dataset when contrasted with existing SVM technique only accomplished 94.77% and fuzzy min–max GSO neural network (FMMGNN) classifier accomplished
93.78%.
Sentiment Analysis System for Classification of Patient-Generated Health Reviews Using Rough Set Theory and Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Almagrabi Alaa Omran , Ahmad Shakeel
Published: July 2020

Advancements in social media domain have led to a prominent progress in the number of online communities. Sites, such as Twitter and Facebook, provide an avenue for the unrestricted generation, communication, and distribution of messages as well as information. In this work, we propose
a sentiment classification system from patient-generated content posted by users on medical forums and social media sites. The rough set theory is a numerical rule-based technique employed for categorizing and examining doubtful, partial or indistinct data. The emphasis of this study is on
the employment of the rough set theory technique for sentiment classification of patient-generated health reviews. We investigated four rough set theory-based algorithms, namely: Genetic, Learning from Examples Module version 2 (LEM2), Exhaustive and Covering, to generate rules for sentiment
classification of patient-generated health reviews text. The Rough Set Exploration System (RSES 2.0) software is utilized to conduct experiments. Additionally, we applied SVM classifier to classify emotions. The experimental results show that the Genetic algorithm outperforms the comparing
algorithms with an accuracy of 84.2% and Support Vector Machine outperforms other classifiers with an accuracy of 80.5%.
Field Evidence of Inverse Energy Cascades in the Surfzone
Authors: Elgar Steve , Raubenheimer Britt
Published: August 2020

Low-frequency currents and eddies transport sediment, pathogens, larvae, and heat along the coast and between the shoreline and deeper water. Here, low-frequency currents (between 0.1 and 4.0 mHz) observed in shallow surfzone waters for 120 days during a wide range of wave conditions are compared with theories for generation by instabilities of alongshore currents, by ocean-wave-induced sea surface modulations, and by a nonlinear transfer of energy from breaking waves to low-frequency motions via a two-dimensional inverse energy cascade. For these data, the low-frequency currents are not strongly correlated with shear of the alongshore current, with the strength of the alongshore current, or with wave-group statistics. In contrast, on many occasions, the low-frequency currents are consistent with an inverse energy cascade from breaking waves. The energy of the low-frequency surfzone currents increases with the directional spread of the wave field, consistent with vorticity injection by short-crested breaking waves, and structure functions increase with spatial lags, consistent with a cascade of energy from few-meter-scale vortices to larger-scale motions. These results include the first field evidence for the inverse energy cascade in the surfzone and suggest that breaking waves and nonlinear energy transfers should be considered when estimating nearshore transport processes across and along the coast.