bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loan Terms and Collateral: Evidence from the Bilateral Repo Market
Authors: AUH JUN KYUNG , LANDONI MATTIA
Published: October 2022

We study secured lending contracts using a proprietary, loan‐level database of bilateral repurchase agreements containing groups of simultaneous loans backed by multiple tranches within a securitization. We show that lower‐quality loans (i.e., loans backed by lower‐rated collateral) have higher margins and spreads. We calibrate a model using collateral asset prices and find that lower‐quality loans are riskier despite the higher margins, yet cheaper for the borrower. This finding is consistent with a combination of lender optimism and reaching for yield. We also show that lower‐quality loans have longer maturity, consistent with models of rollover concerns with asymmetric information.
Reframing Third Places: Environmental Changes of Merging Places During COVID-19
Authors: Vaux Dana E. , Langlais Michael R.
Published: October 2022

The ubiquitous nature of technology is changing the way humans interact with interior space and redefining the third place, venues where individuals gather for socialization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the fusion of physical and virtual space led to an overlapping of the first place (home) that served as the physical host for the virtual second (work), and third (social gathering) places. Most critically, the first place (home) became a proxy for second and third place experiences as we started connecting with the outside world, albeit virtually. The goal of this study was to determine the extent that individuals relied on technology to meet their socializing needs in response to COVID-19, verify if individuals are altering their environment as a result of the pandemic and whether these changes align with physical third-place characteristics, and inform interior designers on how to intentionally design physical space in ways that include virtual experiences. The researchers employed a mixed-methods approach by gathering data from an online survey, incorporating closed-ended and open-ended questions, using two different convenience sampling approaches ( N = 229), and asking participants to submit photos to support their responses. Results illustrated that during the pandemic, virtual environments integrated with the home and became a substitute for physical third places. Four themes identified the modifications in physical space that occurred because of COVID-19 as individuals accommodated the merging of their home, work, school, and social places. Insights regarding the design of successful physical spaces that embrace virtual experiences are provided.
Survey of intrauterine red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practices in the United States
Authors: Bakhtary Sara , Panchalee Tachjaree , Crowe Elizabeth P. , Schwab Marisa E. , Zakieh Abdulhafiz , Josephson Cassandra D. , Sobhani Nasim C. , Gonzalez‐Velez Juan M. , Goel Ruchika
Published: October 2022

Background

A paucity of data exists about the current practice of fetal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the United States (US). This investigation describes intrauterine transfusion (IUT) RBC product selection and processing practices at different US institutions.

Methods

A transfusion medicine and maternal‐fetal medicine (MFM) team designed a survey to interrogate and characterize RBCs utilized for IUT. This survey was distributed to seventy US institutions with fetal treatment centers (October 2020–April 2021) identified through the NAFTNet (North American Fetal Therapy Network).

Results

Thirty‐seven institutions responded (response rate 53%, 37/70), but five were excluded for not performing IUTs. Most (84%; 27/32) performed 1–24 IUTs annually; two performed >50 IUTs/year. Group O, Rh(D) negative RBC units were always used by 66% (21/32), and 75% (24/32) provided hemoconcentrated RBCs by washing (17/24) or dry packing (6/24). Overall, 66% (21/32) targeted a hematocrit ≥75%. Fifty percent provided both leukocyte‐reduced and CMV‐negative RBC units. Irradiation of RBC units was performed within 6 h of issue at 63% (20/32) of sites. Most (81%, 26/32) used RBC units at <7 days of age after collection, 56% (18/32) always provided washed RBC units, while 19% (6/32) issued washed RBC only if fresh units are unavailable. Implicated maternal RBC alloantibodies were matched for 78% (25/32) of the time. The transfused volume was universally determined by the MFMs.

Discussion

Heterogeneity and lack of standardization exist in RBC product selection and special processing steps for IUTs in the US. Hence, the establishment of a consensus to standardize IUT protocols is needed.
Effectiveness of a 12‐week tele‐exercise training program on cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity
Authors: Chiang Shang‐Lin , Shen Chien‐Lung , Lee Meei‐Shyuan , Lin Chueh‐Ho , Lin Chia‐Huei
Published: October 2022

Background

Exercise has positive impacts on cardiometabolic health. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of tele‐exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity remains limited.

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess whether an assumed increase in physical activity (PA) after a 12‐week tele‐exercise training program improved cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery of patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity.

Methods

A parallel‐group randomized controlled trial was conducted. Eligible patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (n = 83) were randomized 1:1 to either an experimental group (EG, received a 12‐week tele‐exercise training program with 3 sessions/week and 30 min/session and weekly remote monitoring for maintenance of exercise) or a control group (CG, usual care only). PA, cardiorespiratory fitness, and heart rate recovery were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the intervention effects via the interaction of time and group.

Results

Sixty‐eight participants (81.9%) completed the study, and 83 were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. The EG with higher vigorous‐intensity PA (β = 714, p = .037), walking behavior (β = 750, p = .0007), and total amount of PA (β = 1748, p = .001) after the intervention had significantly elevated cardiorespiratory fitness, including VO2peak (β = 3.9, p = .042), workload (β = 17.9, p = .034), and anaerobic threshold (β = 2.1, p = .041), and increased one‐min heart rate recovery (β = 5.3, p = .025), compared with the CG.

Linking evidence to action

A 12‐week tele‐exercise training program was effective for increased PA, elevated cardiorespiratory fitness, and improved heart rate recovery for patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. These findings highlight the feasibility of better delivering lifestyle interventions for cardiometabolic health management.
Isolation performance metrics for personal sound zone reproduction systems
Authors: Qiao Yue , Guadagnin Léo , Choueiri Edgar
Published: October 2022

Two isolation performance metrics, inter-zone isolation (IZI) and inter-program isolation (IPI), are introduced for evaluating personal sound zone (PSZ) systems. Compared to the commonly used acoustic contrast metric, IZI and IPI are generalized for multichannel audio and quantify the isolation of sound zones and of audio programs, respectively. The two metrics are shown to be generally non-interchangeable and suitable for different scenarios, such as generating dark zones (IZI) or minimizing audio-on-audio interference (IPI). Furthermore, two examples with free-field simulations are presented and demonstrate the applications of IZI and IPI in evaluating PSZ performance in different rendering modes and PSZ robustness.
Viperin impairs the innate immune response through the IRAK1-TRAF6-TAK1 axis to promote Mtb infection
Authors: Zhou Xinying , Zhang Zelin , Xu Hui , Zhu Bo , Zhang Lijie , Lie Linmiao , Huang Yingqi , Du Xialin , Liu Honglin , Li Yanfen , Huang Yulan , Hu Shengfeng , Zhou Chaoying , Wen Qian , Pepplenbosch Mailkel P. , Ma Li
Published: October 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) infection is a long-standing public health threat, and the development of host-directed therapy for eradicating Mtb infection requires better insights into Mtb-host interactions. Viperin [virus-inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum–associated, interferon (IFN) inducible] is an IFN-inducible protein with broad antiviral activities. Here, we demonstrated that Viperin was increased in abundance in patients with lymphatic and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Viperin-deficient mice had decreased Mtb bacterial loads and enhanced macrophage responses compared with their wild-type counterparts. Viperin suppressed the formation of a complex containing interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase 1, TNF receptor–associated factor 6, and transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and inhibited the TAK1-dependent activation of IκB kinase α/β, thereby impairing the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that Viperin promotes Mtb infection by inhibiting host innate immune responses in macrophages, suggesting that Viperin may be a candidate target for adjunct host-directed therapy in patients with TB.
Locking down SOS Mutagenesis Repression in a Dynamic Pathogen
Authors: Gregg-Jolly Leslie A.
Published: October 2022

The article “The DdrR coregulator of the
Acinetobacter baumannii
mutagenic DNA damage response potentiates UmuDAb repression of error-prone polymerases” in this issue of the J Bacteriol, (D. Cook, M. D. Flannigan, B. V. Candra, K. D. Compton, and J. M. Hare., J Bacteriol 204:e00165-22, 2022,
https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00165-22
) reveals a more detailed understanding of the regulatory mechanism of the SOS response in
Acinetobacter baumannii
.
ExsY, CotY, and CotE Effects on Bacillus anthracis Outer Spore Layer Architecture
Authors: Durand-Heredia Jorge , Hsieh Hsin-Yeh , Thompson Brian M. , Stewart George C.
Published: October 2022

B. anthracis
is an important zoonotic animal pathogen causing sporadic outbreaks of anthrax worldwide. Spores are the infectious form of the bacterium and can persist in soil for prolonged periods of time.
Lactic Acid Resistance and Population Structure of Escherichia coli from Meat Processing Environment
Authors: Fang Yuan , Stanford Kim , Yang Xianqin
Published: October 2022

Antimicrobial interventions have significantly reduced the microbial loads on carcasses/meat products; however, the wide use of chemical and physical biocides has raised concerns over their potential for selecting resistant populations in the beef processing environment. Phenotyping of acid resistance and whole-genome analysis described in this study demonstrated beef processing practices led to differences in acid resistance, genotype, and population structure between carcass- and equipment-associated
E. coli
but did not select for the acid-resistant population.
Comprehensive Assessment of Subtyping Methods for Improved Surveillance of Foodborne Salmonella
Authors: Pan Hang , Jia Chenghao , Paudyal Narayan , Li Fang , Mao Junyong , Liu Xi , Dong Chenghang , Zhou Kun , Liao Xiayi , Gong Jiansen , Fang Weihuan , Li Xiaoliang , Kehrenberg Corinna , Yue Min
Published: October 2022

In public health field, high-resolution and efficient typing of the bacterial pathogen is essential, considering source-tracking and risk assessment are fundamental issues. Currently, there are no recommendations for applying molecular characterization methods for
Salmonella
along the food chain, and a systematic in-field investigation comparing subtyping methods in the context of routine surveillance was partially addressed.
Lactobacillus rhamnosussepsis, endocarditis and septic emboli in a patient with ulcerative colitis taking probiotics
Authors: Karime Christian , Barrios Maria S , Wiest Nathaniel E , Stancampiano Fernando
Published: October 2022

A man in his 60s presented to the emergency room with fever and fatigue after a 2.5-month course of corticosteroids. His medical history was significant for bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement and moderately severe ulcerative colitis treated with balsalazide and daily lactobacillus-containing probiotics. Initial investigations revealedLactobacillus rhamnosusbacteraemia without complication. Four days after hospital discharge, the patient experienced acute-onset right-sided paraesthesia and lower-limb paresis. On return to the emergency room, MRI of the brain demonstrated innumerable ring-enhancing lesions with haemorrhagic transformation. Transoesophageal echocardiogram revealed a small mobile density on the bioprosthetic aortic valve, raising the suspicion forL. rhamnosusinfective endocarditis with secondary septic emboli to the brain. The patient was subsequently treated with intravenous gentamycin and ampicillin, with transition to indefinite oral amoxicillin suppressive therapy. The current case highlights the potential risk of lactobacilli translocation in an immunosuppressed patient with ulcerative colitis taking probiotics.
Hierarchical genetic structure in a direct-developing whelk (Buccinum undatum) throughout the western North Atlantic
Authors: Sturch W.H. , D'Aloia C.C.
Published: October 2022

Direct-developing marine species lack a pelagic larval phase and are therefore predicted to have limited dispersal capacity and exhibit strong genetic structure over small spatial scales. Nevertheless, empirical work suggests that developmental mode, alone, cannot always explain realized connectivity patterns. We characterized spatial genetic structure within the western North Atlantic lineage of the waved whelk ( Buccinum undatum) , a direct-developing gastropod that is the target of an emerging fishery. We genotyped individuals throughout Atlantic Canada using 1052 single nucleotide polymorphisms, documenting strong hierarchical genetic structuring throughout this region. Overall, pairwise genetic structure estimates were high, with two major genetic clusters separating southwestern and northeastern sites. But more complex patterns emerged at smaller spatial scales. Notably, pairs of sites on deeper offshore habitat exhibited panmixia, despite being separated by up to 100 km, whereas inshore and intertidal populations spaced at comparable distances were strongly genetically divergent. Collectively, our multi-scale analyses revealed that direct developers can exhibit genetic patterns that do not conform to simple geographic expectations. Future exploration of potential depth-variable connectivity is warranted, especially among harvested populations.
Comparative analysis of the fecal microbiome and metabolomics of healthy versus captive South China tigers with mild diarrhea
Authors: Yuan Yaohua , Wu Haili , Pan Hongjie
Published: October 2022

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is common among the captive South China tigers in zoos. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to demonstrate the compositions and structures of the gastrointestinal microbiota of this species with IBS-D. Their healthy (F1) and mushy (F2) feces were allocated into two groups. A total of 21 and 31 fecal bacterial communities of major phyla and genera were detected, respectively. The F1 and F2 groups had five common microbiotas at the phylum level (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes). Among the five phyla, the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the F2 group was significantly lower than that in the F1 group. The diversity level of fecal microbiota within the mild-diarrhea stool was also significantly lower than that of the healthy counterpart. Thirty-two metabolites were correlated to four genus-level bacteria ( Bacteroides, Pseudoclavibacter, Streptococcus, and Ruminococcaceae-UCG-005). Due to its normal role in protein degradation and metabolism, we hypothesized that the lower abundance of Bacteroides within the F2 group could be associated with the IBS-D symptoms. Therefore, this work implied that ameliorating the daily diet with a supplement of probiotics, such as Bacteroides, could improve the gut health of this species.
Towards Modern-Age Advanced Sensors for the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Status, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Gautam Akash
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are progressive degenerative disorders of the neurological system with significant social impact worldwide. Their detection at the initial stage is necessary to provide proper therapeutic interventions. Biosensors have emerged as one of the next-generation tools for detecting and monitoring physiochemical changes associated with neurological disorders. This article discusses the current status and challenges of different state-of-the-art sensors which can detect NDD biomarkers. A brief overview of developing advanced biosensors with the help of nanotechnology integration, mainly polymer-based functional nanomaterials, has been mentioned as the prospect of these biosensors for NDD detection and management.
Nickel Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films for Visible Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection Applications
Authors: Agrohiya Sunil , Dahiya Sajjan , Goyal Parveen K. , Rawal Ishpal , Ohlan Anil , Punia R. , Maan A. S.
Published: October 2022

The current research aims to investigate the effect of nickel doping on the structural and opto-electrical characteristics of zinc oxide thin films. Sol-gel spin coating technique has been utilized to deposit Zn1-xNixO (x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, and 0.015) films on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the formation of crystalline zinc oxide thin films with hexagonal wurtzite structure. Williamson-Hall analysis has been performed to study the individual contribution of lattice strain and crystallite size to the peak broadening in the XRD pattern. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence spectroscopy, and UV–visible spectroscopic techniques have been used to examine the surface morphology and optical properties of the deposited films. Transient photocurrent measurements have been performed on all the films under the exposure of ultraviolet (UV) light of wavelengths 365 and 254 nm with on/off cycle of 100 s, and various device key parameters such as sensitivity, responsivity, and quantum efficiency, etc have been determined. Sensitivities of the fabricated photodetectors (PDs) are found to be 5463%, 3809%, 3100%, and 831% for pristine ZnO, Zn0.995Ni0.005O, Zn0.99Ni0.01O, and Zn0.985Ni0.015O, respectively. The UV photodetection mechanism, which is based on the interaction between chemisorbed oxygen on the surface of ZnO and photo-generated holes, has been thoroughly discussed.
PRL/PRLR Can Promote Insulin Resistance by Activating the JAK2/STAT5 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Pei-yu , Jin Cong-cong , Liu Chang , Zhao Zhou-jian , Yang Hai-yan
Published: October 2022

Objective. Although prolactin (PRL) is known to affect food intake, weight gain, and insulin resistance, its effects on lipid metabolism and underlying mechanisms remain underinvestigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PRL and its receptor (PRLR) on fat metabolism in regulating the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway. Methods. SW872 adipocytes were incubated with oleic acid to establish an insulin resistance (IR) model. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PRLR, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT5, and p-STAT5. Triglyceride (TG) mass was detected by chemical colorimetry methods. Results. Fat droplets in the high-dose and medium-dose PRL groups were significantly higher than in the IR model group. TG mass in the cells was increased significantly compared with the model group. Compared with the control group, the expression of PRLR, p-JAK2, and p-STAT5 were significantly decreased in the IR model group when PRL was intervened for 24 h and 48 h. The expression of PRLR, p-JAK2, and p-STAT5 in the high-dose PRL intervention group increased significantly compared with the model group. The PRLR overexpressing group had significantly increased TG content and PRLR, and JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT5, and p-STAT5 levels compared with the IR model. Conclusion. PRL and PRLR are related to fat metabolism, and the PRL/PRLR signaling pathway can promote insulin resistance by activating the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway and increasing the deposition of TGs.
Effect of Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity of the Injector Wall on Atomization Performance
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaolei , Duan Runze , Liu Lujia
Published: October 2022

Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity is a common physical property of the material. Water droplets roll on lotus leaf, and a lot of dust and dirt on the surface of the lotus leaf will be taken away, playing a certain cleaning role. The hydrophobic surface has drag reduction effect that would produce slip on the hydrophobic wall. There are some studies on hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity in channels, most of which focus on the effect of surface drag reduction and heat transfer on microchannels. However, few people pay attention to the effect of the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the injector inner wall on the atomization performance. In this paper, three groups of the open-end swirl injector with different tangential channels were designed to study the effect of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity on atomization performance. The hydrophobic coating was prepared and used on the inner wall of the injector, and the atomization experimental system was built. In the experiment, the liquid film thickness was measured using the conductance method. Details of the liquid film breakup and spray development were recorded with a high-speed camera. The average droplet diameter was measured by the Malvern particle size analyzer. The atomization performance of injectors with different tangential channels on the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity was compared, and the effect of the velocity profile on the jet stability is discussed.
Energy-Stress-Mediated AMPK Activation Promotes GPX4-Dependent Ferroptosis through the JAK2/STAT3/P53 Axis in Renal Cancer
Authors: Li Yanze , Zhang Ye , Qiu Qiangmin , Wang Lei , Mao Hu , Hu Juncheng , Chen Zhiyuan , Du Yang , Liu Xiuheng
Published: October 2022

Energy stress is an unfavorable condition that tumor cells are often exposed to. Ferroptosis is considered an emerging target for tumor therapy. However, the role of ferroptosis in energy stress in renal cancer is currently unknown. In this study, we found that glucose deprivation significantly enhanced GPX4-dependent ferroptosis through AMPK activation. Further, AMPK activation suppressed GPX4 expression at the transcriptional level through the upregulation of P53 expression. Additionally, the inactivation of JAK2/STAT3 transcriptionally promoted P53 expression, thereby promoting AMPK-mediated GPX4-dependent ferroptosis. In conclusion, energy stress promotes AMPK-mediated GPX4-dependent erastin-induced ferroptosis in renal cancer through the JAK2/STAT3/P53 signaling axis.
[Retracted] Identifying the Effect of Nuanxin Capsules on Myocardial Injury Induced by Chronic Hypoxia via Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation
Authors: Mai Zhexing , Fan Ye , Ma Jin , Lou Tiantian , Ma Shiyu , Zou Xu
Published: October 2022

Nuanxin capsule (NX), an in‐hospital preparation of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, has been used in heart failure (HF) treatment for 15 years, but its mechanism and protective effect have not been investigated. This study was aimed at exploring the mechanism and protective effect of NX on HF treatment via network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that NX was involved in the regulation of response to apoptotic process and hypoxia via protecting cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction against chronic hypoxia. Its mechanism may be involved in the regulation of the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, HIF‐1 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Experimental validation indicated that NX was capable of improving cellular viability, restoring cellular morphology, and suppressing cellular apoptosis cellular. NX also exerted cardioprotection by inhibiting mitochondrial membrane potential injury and protecting mitochondrial respiratory and energy metabolism in a chronic hypoxia cellular model, which was consistent with the results of network pharmacology prediction. In addition, the screened active compounds of NX did have a good binding with their key targets, indicating NX may exert protective effect through multicompounds and multitargets. In conclusion, NX had a protective effect on HF through cellular and mitochondrial protection against chronic hypoxia via multicompounds, multitargets, and multipathways, and its mechanism may be involved in modulating the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, HIF‐1 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway.
Pasteurella multocida Toxin Aggravates Ligatured-Induced Periodontal Bone Loss and Inflammation via NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome
Authors: Han Yineng , Gao Pengfei , Yang Qiaolin , Huang Yiping , Jia Lingfei , Zheng Yunfei , Li Weiran
Published: October 2022

NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is reportedly involved in periodontal pathogenesis. Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is the major virulence factor of Pasteurella multocida strains, which belongs to the nonoral gram-negative facultative rods (GNFR). The existence of GNFR and their toxin may aggravate periodontitis. Therefore, it is important to unclose the regulatory mechanisms of PMT in periodontitis. However, the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and PMT in periodontitis remain unclear. The results showed that NLRP3 expression was increased in periodontitis mice by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Nlrp3-/- mice showed less periodontal bone loss and lower abundances of Pasteurella multocida by 16S rRNA sequencing. PMT promoted NLRP3 expressions by activating nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) pathway and activated NLRP3 inflammasome. This effect was reversed by NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Furthermore, PMT aggravated periodontal bone loss and inflammation in WT mice, while MCC950 attenuated periodontal bone loss and inflammation. The Nlrp3-/- periodontitis models with PMT local injection showed less bone loss and inflammation compared with WT periodontitis mice after PMT treatment. Taken together, our results showed that PMT aggravates periodontal response to the ligature by promoting NLRP3 expression and activating NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that NLRP3 may be an effective target for the treatment of periodontitis caused by GNFR and MCC950 may be a potential drug against this disease.
Integrated Analysis and Validation of Autophagy-Related Genes and Immune Infiltration in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ding Yan , Wang Feng , Guo Yousheng , Yang Mingwei , Zhang Huanji
Published: October 2022

Background. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most critical conditions of coronary heart disease with many uncertainties regarding reduction of ischemia/reperfusion injury, medical treatment strategies, and other aspects. The inflammatory immune response has a bidirectional regulatory role in AMI and plays an essential role in myocardial remodeling after AMI. The purpose of our research was tantamount to explore possible mechanisms of AMI and to analyze the relationship with the immune microenvironment. Methods. We firstly analyzed the expression profile of GSE61144 and HADb to identify differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs). Then, we performed GO, functional enrichment analysis, and constructed PPI network by Metascape. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was built, and hub genes were extracted by Cytoscape. After that, we used CIBERSORT algorithm to estimate the proportion of immunocytes, followed by correlation analysis to find relationships between hub DEARGs and immunocyte subsets. Finally, we verified those hub genes in another dataset and cellular experiments qPCR. Results. Compared with controls, we identified 44 DEARGs and then filtered the genes of MCODE by constructing PPI network for further analysis. A total of 45 lncRNAs, 24 miRNAs, 19 mRNAs, 162 lncRNA-miRNA pairs, and 37 mRNA-miRNA pairs were used to construct a ceRNA network, and 4 hub DEARGs (BCL2, MAPK1, RAF1, and PRKAR1A) were extracted. We then estimated 5 classes of immunocytes that differed between AMI and controls. According to the results of correlation analysis, these 4 hub DEARGs may play modulatory effects in immune infiltrating cells, notably in CD8+ T cells and neutrophils. Finally, the same results were verified in GSE60993 and qPCR experiments. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that those hub DEARGs (BCL2, MAPK1, RAF1, and PRKAR1A) and immunocytes probably play functions in the progression of AMI, providing potential diagnostic markers and new perspectives for treatment of AMI.
Impacts of Industrialization on Plant Species Composition, Diversity, and Tree Population Structure in Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest in Bangladesh
Authors: Roshni Nasima Akther , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Akter Rojina , Prodhan A. K. M. Azad-Ud-Doula , Sagar Ashaduzzaman
Published: October 2022

Industrial activities have various effects on biodiversity, posing significant threats to forest ecosystems. The current study describes the species composition, taxonomic diversity, and stand structure at Bhawal Sal forest, Gazipur, Bangladesh, as they are affected by industrialization. To achieve the goal, 30 different categorized industries within the forest were considered sampling points and three distance gradient sites viz. Site-1 = Adjacent to industries (0 m), Site-2 = 160 m distance and Site-3 = 320 m distance from industries were designated as treatments. A total of 90 quadrate plots (10 m × 10 m) were taken randomly, of which 30 plots were from each site. Through forest inventory, 46 species (24 trees, 8 shrubs, 5 climbers, and 9 saplings) were recorded from three sites. The study revealed that the stand density and basal area of mature trees (257 stems ha−1 and 8.06 ± 0.60 m2·ha−1) at Site-1 were significantly lower due to diverse industrial operations than other sites. Statistically, all the biodiversity indices of mature trees; Shannon–Wiener’s index (1.72), Simpsons index (0.82), Margalef’s index (1.38), Pielou’s evenness Index (0.39) was found to be lower at proximity to industries. The lowest species richness (12) of all plants was recorded from Site-1. However, the diameter and height distributions of Site-1 comprised young (10–20 cm·dbh) to medium-sized (20.1–30 cm·dbh) trees, while the medium to large sized (>30 cm·dbh) trees was contained at Site-3 in this study. The population structure of tree species at Site-1 also showed a fluctuating curve. Overall, this study highlights that plant ecosystems and tree population structure have declined tremendously due to industrialization. Hence, the current research could be significant for developing the management framework for the disturbed deciduous forest.
Identification and Validation of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Sevoflurane-Induced Hippocampal Neurotoxicity
Authors: Miao Mengrong , Wang Yangyang , Zeng Shuang , Han Yaqian , Zhu Ruilou , Yu Pengfei , Yang Yitian , Fu Ningning , Li Ningning , Sun Mingyang , Zhang Jiaqiang
Published: October 2022

Background. Sevoflurane is one of the most popular inhalational anesthetics during perioperative period but presenting neurotoxicity among pediatric and aged populations. Recent experiments in vivo and in vitro have indicated that ferroptosis may contribute to the neurotoxicity of sevoflurane anesthesia. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Methods. In current study, we explored the differential expressed genes (DEGs) in HT-22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells after sevoflurane anesthesia using RNA-seq. Differential expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) were screened and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). Significant modules and the hub genes were identified by using Cytoscape. The Connectivity Map (cMAP) was used for screening drug candidates targeting the identified DEFRGs. Potential TF-gene network and drug-gene pairs were established towards the hub genes. In final, we validated these results in experiments. Results. A total of 37 ferroptosis-related genes (18 upregulated and 19 downregulated) after sevoflurane exposure in hippocampal neuronal cells were finally identified. These differentially expressed genes were mainly involved into the biological processes of cellular response to oxidative stress. Pathway analysis indicated that these genes were involved in ferroptosis, mTOR signaling pathway, and longevity-regulating pathway. PPI network was constructed. 10 hub genes including Prkaa2, Chac1, Arntl, Tfrc, Slc7a11, Atf4, Mgst1, Lpin1, Atf3, and Sesn2 were found. Top 10 drug candidates, gene-drug networks, and TFs targeting these genes were finally identified. These results were validated in experiments. Conclusion. Our results suggested that ferroptosis-related genes play roles in sevoflurane anesthesia-related hippocampal neuron injury and offered the hub genes and potential therapeutic agents for investigating and treatment of this neurotoxicity after sevoflurane exposure. Finally, therapeutic effect of these drug candidates and function of potential ferroptosis targets should be further investigated for treatment and clarifying mechanisms of sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuron injury in future research.
A Model of Social Support for a Patient–Informal Caregiver Dyad
Authors: Pasek Małgorzata , Suchocka Lilia
Published: October 2022

Background. Close persons (informal caregivers) are the most important providers of support indicated by cancer patients. Cancer affects couples as a codependent system. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the multidimensional aspect of social support in a cancer patient–informal caregiver dyad. Methods. The research project was cross‐sectional. The diagnostic survey method and the survey technique were used. The study was conducted using standardised research tools: BSSS, POS, SSCS, TIPI, ET, SPT, and the authors’ own tool for sociodemographic assessment. Results. Patients and caregivers experienced injustice, exclusion, and a sense of loss with a similar intensity. Statistically significant differences between the examined patients and their caregivers were obtained for the support currently received (p < 0.01), emotional support (p < 0.05), and the general level of protective buffering support (p < 0.001). A higher level of information support for caregivers increases the need for support and a sense of support for patients. Conclusion. The quality of functioning and mental well‐being of patients is directly influenced by the way their caregivers experience the situation of caring for them; negative or positive states of caregivers, affecting the condition of patients, may affect the course of treatment and contribute to or delay the improvement of the state of health. The subjective sense of support in patients during treatment depends on the need for help that is shown to their caregivers. The sense of support variable is subjective and sometimes disproportionate to the support received and given. Therefore, both the patient and their loved one should be provided with care during the treatment process. In the treatment process, both patients and their caregivers need more protective buffering support that allows them to overcome difficulties related to stress, anxiety, and insecurity, thus weakening their negative effects rather than functional support: emotional, information, instrumental, or material.
Correlation Study on the Expression of INSR, IRS-1, and PD-L1 in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ting Ma , Miao Yu-e , Yu Feng-xiu , Luo Guang-cai , Xu Xin , Xiao Li-xia , Zhang Guo-qing , Chang Jin
Published: October 2022

Objective. To study the expression and correlation of insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. 45 lung cancer tissues and 30 adjacent normal tissues of NSCLC patients diagnosed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from June 2019 to August 2020 were selected. The expressions of INSR, IRS-1, and PD-L1 proteins in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of NSCLC were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results. The expression of INSR and IRS-1 in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal lung tissue (

P
<
0.05

). INSR expression had statistical significance with the degree of pathological differentiation of nonsmall cell carcinoma (

P
=
0.031

), but had no significant association with age, gender, pathological type, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis status (

P
>
0.05

). There was no significant correlation between IRS-1 positive expression and NSCLC patients’ age, gender, pathological typing, degree of differentiation, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (

P
>
0.05

). PD-L1 positive expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis of NSCLC (

P
=
0.028

), while there was no significant correlation with gender, age, pathological type, TNM stage, and pathological differentiation degree of NSCLC patients (

P
>
0.05

). Spearman correlation analysis showed that PD-L1 protein expression had a significant positive correlation with IRS-1 protein expression (

r
=
0.373

), but was not correlated with the expression of INSR protein. Conclusion. IRS-1 may be involved in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and mediate the occurrence of tumor immune escape, which is expected to become a new target for NSCLC immunotherapy and provide new clinical evidence for immunosuppressive therapy.
The Molecular Mechanisms of Defective Copper Metabolism in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cui Xiangning , Wang Yan , Liu Han , Shi Mengjun , Wang Jingwu , Wang Yifei
Published: October 2022

Copper is an essential trace metal element that significantly affects human physiology and pathology by regulating various important biological processes, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, connective tissue crosslinking, and antioxidant defense. Copper level has been proved to be closely related to the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Copper deficiency can induce cardiac hypertrophy and aggravate cardiomyopathy, while copper excess can mediate various types of cell death, such as autophagy, apoptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Both copper excess and copper deficiency lead to redox imbalance, activate inflammatory response, and aggravate diabetic cardiomyopathy. This defective copper metabolism suggests a specific metabolic pattern of copper in diabetes and a specific role in the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. This review is aimed at providing a timely summary of the effects of defective copper homeostasis on DCM and discussing potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
Curcumin Enhanced Ionizing Radiation-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death in Glioma Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathways
Authors: Xiu Zenghe , Sun Ting , Yang Ying , He Yuping , Yang Shuangyu , Xue Xuefei , Yang Wei
Published: October 2022

Objective. Local radiotherapy may cause distant tumor regression via inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Here, we investigated the effect of curcumin on ionizing radiation-induced immunogenic cell death in normoxic or hypoxic glioma cells and its mechanism in vitro and vivo. Methods. Hypoxic or normoxic glioma cell apoptosis and the cell surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT) were detected by flow cytometry. Extracellular ATP and HSP70 were measured by chemiluminescence assay and ELISA, respectively. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein levels were detected by western blot. Moreover, the induction of bona fide ICD was detected by vaccination assays in mice bearing glioma model. Spleen lymphocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results. Curcumin incubation before X-ray irradiation significantly increased radiation-induced apoptosis rate in normoxic or hypoxic glioma cells. Curcumin enhanced radiation-induced CRT exposure, release of HSP70 and ATP, and ER stress signaling activity. After treatment with ER stress pathway inhibitors, cell apoptosis and CRT exposure induced by the combination treatment of curcumin and X-ray were reduced. In vaccination experiments, glioma cells irradiated by X-ray produced a strong immunogenic response rejecting tumor formation in 70% mice. In comparison, cells treated by curcumin and X-ray produced a stronger immune response rejecting tumor formation in 90% mice. The combination treatment increased the percentage of tumor-infiltrating CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and CD11c+ dendritic cells compared to X-ray irradiation alone. Conclusion. Ionizing radiation-induced normoxic or hypoxic glioma immunogenic cell death could be further enhanced by curcumin through activating the ER stress PERK-eIF2α and IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathways.
The Role of Noncoding RNA in Airway Allergic Diseases through Regulation of T Cell Subsets
Authors: Cheng Shenghao , Tang Qingping , Xie Shaobing , Wen Sihui , Zhang Hua , Xie Zhihai , Jiang Weihong
Published: October 2022

Allergic rhinitis and asthma are common airway allergic diseases, the incidence of which has increased annually in recent years. The human body is frequently exposed to allergens and environmental irritants that trigger immune and inflammatory responses, resulting in altered gene expression. Mounting evidence suggested that epigenetic alterations were strongly associated with the progression and severity of allergic diseases. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of transcribed RNA molecules that cannot be translated into polypeptides and consist of three major categories, microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Previous studies showed that ncRNAs were involved in the physiopathological mechanisms of airway allergic diseases and contributed to their occurrence and development. This article reviews the current state of understanding of the role of noncoding RNAs in airway allergic diseases, highlights the limitations of recent studies, and outlines the prospects for further research to facilitate the clinical translation of noncoding RNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
Integrated Bioinformatics and Experimental Analysis Identified TRIM28 a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Han Jiyu , Wang Yanhong , Zhou Haichao , Ai Songtao , Wan Daqian
Published: October 2022

Background. Since the 1970s, liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) has experienced a constant rise in incidence and mortality rates, making the identification of LIHC biomarkers very important. Tripartite Motif-Containing 28 (TRIM28) is a protein-coding gene which encodes the tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIMs) family and is associated with specific chromatin regions. TRIM28 expression and its prognostic value and impact on the immune system in LIHC patients are being investigated for the first time. Methods. The TRIM28 expression data from TCGA database was used to analyze TRIM28 expression, clinicopathological information, gene enrichment, and immune infiltration and conduct additional bioinformatics analysis. R language was used for statistical analysis. TIMER, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA were used to assess immune responses of TRIM28 in LIHC. Next, the results were validated using GEPIA, ROC analysis, and immunohistochemical staining pictures from the THPA. GSE14520, GSE63898, and GSE87630 datasets were analyzed using ROC analysis to further evaluate TRIM28’s diagnostic value. To ultimately determine TRIM28 expression, we performed qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Results. High TRIM28 expression level was associated with T classification, pathologic stage, histologic grade, and serum AFP levels. In patients with LIHC, TRIM28 was an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis. The pathways ligand-receptor interaction, which is critical in LIHC patients, were closely associated with TRIM28 expression, and the function of DC could be suppressed by overexpression of TRIM28. As a final step, our results were validated by GEO data and qRT-PCR. Conclusions. TRIM28 will shed new light on LIHC mechanisms. As an effective diagnostic and intervention tool, this gene will be able to diagnose and treat LIHC at an early stage.
Application of CT Multimodal Images in Rehabilitation Monitoring of Long-Distance Running
Authors: Du Xufeng , He Yaye
Published: October 2022

In order to monitor the rehabilitation of athletes injured in long-distance running, the author proposes a method for rehabilitation monitoring of long-distance running based on CT multimodal images. This method combines the latest multimodal image technology, integrates multimodal technology into CT images to improve the accuracy, performs image segmentation on CT multimodal images through medical segmentation methods, and analyzes the segmented images; finally, it can achieve the effect of rehabilitation treatment for athletes in long-distance running. Experimental results show that the total time taken by the authors’ method is 10.9 hours, with an average time of 8 seconds, which is much shorter than the other two control methods. In conclusion, the authors’ method allows for better rehabilitation monitoring of long-distance running sports injuries.
Confirmation of the Absence of Somogyi Effect in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by Retrospective Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems
Authors: Huang Yuxin , Lou Xudan , Huang Weicong , Qiu Jieyuzhen , Jiang Cuiping , Sun Jiao , Tao Xiaoming
Published: October 2022

Background. The Somogyi effect is defined as fasting hyperglycemia secondary to nocturnal hypoglycemia. In past decades, this effect proved to be rare or absent. However, many endocrinologists still believe in this phenomenon in clinical practice. Does the Somogyi effect truly exist? We aimed to answer this question with a study based on a larger sample size. Methods. We collected retrospective CGMs data from 2,600 patients with type 2 diabetes with stable treatment of insulin. Nocturnal hypoglycemia was defined as a CGMs sensor glucose of less than 3.9 mmol/L for at least 15 min between 24:00 and 06:00. Morning fasting glucose was compared between people with nocturnal hypoglycemia and without nocturnal hypoglycemia. Results. Valid CGMs data were obtained on 4,705 of 5,200 nights. Morning fasting glucose was observed lower after nights with nocturnal hypoglycemia compared with nights without hypoglycemia (

P
<
0.001

). 84 cases presented fasting glucose of more than 7 mmol/L after nocturnal glucose of less than 3.9 mmol/L. Only 27 cases presented fasting glucose of more than 7 mmol/L after nocturnal glucose of less than 3.0 mmol/L. Fasting glucose values below 3.9 mmol/l in the morning were associated with a 100% risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia, while fasting glucose values over 9.6 mmol/l in the morning were associated with no risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Correlation analysis showed that the nocturnal glucose nadir was significantly correlated with fasting glucose levels (r = 0.613,

P
<
0.001

). Conclusions. Our data provided no support for the existence of the Somogyi effect. If fasting glucose exceeds 9.6 mmol/L, we do not have to worry about asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.