bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2,3-Diphenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
Authors: Yennawar Hemant P. , Tierney John , Silverberg Lee J.
Published: July 2014

The title compound, C15H13NOS, is a chiral molecule crystallized as a racemate, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. In each of the molecules, the five-membered thiazine ring has an envelope conformation, with the S atom forming the flap. In one molecule, the angle between the two phenyl-ring planes is 82.77 (7)°, while in the other it is 89.12 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains along theb-axis direction by C—H...O hydrogen bonds.
Effects of text structure, reading goals and epistemic beliefs on conceptual change
Authors: Trevors Gregory , Muis Krista R.
Published: July 2014

We investigated the online and offline effects of learner and instructional characteristics on conceptual change of a robust misconception in science. Fifty‐nine undergraduate university students with misconceptions about evolution were identified as espousing evaluativist or non‐evaluativist epistemic beliefs in science. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a traditional or refutational text that discussed a misconception in evolution and a general comprehension or elaborative interrogation reading goal. Participants' cognitive and metacognitive processes while reading were measured using a think‐aloud protocol. Postreading, participants' correct and incorrect conceptual knowledge were separately assessed with a transference essay. Results showed that text structure and reading goals affected cognitive conflict, coherence‐building and elaborative processing while reading and promoted correct conceptual knowledge included in essays but failed to affect the inclusion of misconceptions. Further, participants with evaluativist epistemic beliefs engaged in fewer comprehension monitoring processes and were more likely to adapt their coherence‐building processes according to reading goals than their non‐evaluativist counterparts, but epistemic belief groups did not differ in the content of the posttest essay. Theoretical and educational implications of these findings are discussed.
Locating the Urban In‐between: Tracking the Urban Politics of Infrastructure in Toronto
Authors: Young Douglas , Keil Roger
Published: July 2014

In the urban studies literature, urban politics is usually considered in two distinct locations: the city (often understood in quite conventional centralist ways) and the suburb (understood as spatially peripheral and politically at odds with the central city). At the metropolitan scale, the two types of urban politics are discussed in relation to one another. More recently, the metropolitan scale of urban politics has been expanded to regional dimensions. We pose the question of location of urban politics from a specific deficit in the geography of centre, suburb and metropolis. We argue that in today's regional political socio‐spatiality, politics will have to be found ‘in‐between’ the old lines of demarcation. Following Tom Sieverts' (2003) advice to look at the ‘in‐between’ cities that are neither old downtown nor new suburb but complex urban landscapes of mixed density, use and urbanity, we reveal the political vacuum that is at the heart of the urban region today. Using the politics of infrastructure in Toronto as our empirical example, we will show that vulnerabilities and risks for urban populations in that Canadian metropolis' in‐between city are co‐generated by the failure of conventional political spaces and processes to capture the connectivities threaded through those places that are in‐between the centre and exurbia.
Temperature relations of aerial and aquatic physiological performance in a mid‐intertidal limpetCellana toreuma: Adaptation to rapid changes in thermal stress during emersion
Authors: HUANG Xiongwei , WANG Tifeng , YE Ziwen , HAN Guodong , DONG Yunwei
Published: July 2014

The physiological performance of a mid‐intertidal limpetCellana toreumawas determined to study the physiological adaptation of intertidal animals to rapid changes and extreme temperatures during emersion. The relationship between the Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (ABT) andin situoperative body temperature was studied to predict the possible impact of climate change on the species. The temperature coefficient (Q10) of emersed animals was higher than that of submersed animals and the ratio of aerial: aquatic heart rate rose with increasing temperature. The ABTs of submersed and emersed animals were 30.2 and 34.2°C, respectively. The heart rate and levels of molecular biomarkers (hsps, ampkα, ampkβandsirt1mRNA) were determined in 48 h simulated semi‐diurnal tides. There were no obvious changes of heart rate and gene expression during the transition between emersion and submersion at room temperature, although expressions ofhsp70andhsp90were induced significantly after thermal stress. These results indicate thatC. toreumacan effectively utilize atmospheric oxygen, and the higher Q10and ABT of emersed animals are adaptations to the rapid change and extreme thermal stress during emersion. However, thein situoperative body temperature frequently exceeds the aerial ABT ofC. toreuma, indicating the occurrence of large‐scale mortality ofC. toreumain summer, and this species should be sensitive to increasing temperature in the scenario of climate change.
Large‐scale analysis of frequency modulation in birdsong data bases
Authors: Stowell Dan , Plumbley Mark D.
Published: July 2014

Birdsong often contains large amounts of rapid frequency modulation (FM). It is believed that the use or otherwise of FM is adaptive to the acoustic environment and also that there are specific social uses of FM such as trills in aggressive territorial encounters. Yet temporal fine detail of FM is often absent or obscured in standard audio signal analysis methods such as Fourier analysis or linear prediction. Hence, it is important to consider high‐resolution signal processing techniques for analysis of FM in bird vocalizations. If such methods can be applied at big data scales, this offers a further advantage as large data sets become available.

We introduce methods from the signal processing literature which can go beyond spectrogram representations to analyse the fine modulations present in a signal at very short time‐scales. Focusing primarily on the genus Phylloscopus, we investigate which of a set of four analysis methods most strongly captures the species signal encoded in birdsong. We evaluate this through a feature selection technique and an automatic classification experiment. In order to find tools useful in practical analysis of large data bases, we also study the computational time taken by the methods, and their robustness to additive noise and MP3 compression.

We find three methods which can robustly represent species‐correlated FM attributes and can be applied to large data sets, and that the simplest method tested also appears to perform the best. We find that features representing the extremes of FM encode species identity supplementary to that captured in frequency features, whereas bandwidth features do not encode additional information.

FM analysis can extract information useful for bioacoustic studies, in addition to measures more commonly used to characterize vocalizations. Further, it can be applied efficiently across very large data sets and archives.
Commentary on the Adding Individual Psychotherapy After Relapse in a Pharmacotherapy Trial: Commentary on the PREDICT Study
Authors: Zweben Allen
Published: July 2014

Background

With few exceptions there has been a dearth of research evaluating the independent and combined effects of a promising medication and an effective behavioral intervention for alcohol problems. Few studies have incorporated both theory and empirical findings to ascertain how the combination of medication and behavioral intervention interact or work synergistically to produce better outcomes or why a particular combination of pharmacological and behavioral treatment works better than another combination or either of the interventions employed alone.

Methods

The PREDICT Study is one of the few pharmacotherapy trials that has utilized a behavioral intervention to reduce/delay relapse to heavy drinking. The findings in the PREDICT Study were reviewed to gain a better understanding of how the combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral intervention can be employed to manage the course of recovery for individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs).

Results

Findings in the PREDICT Study show that behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapies have complementary functions that can be utilized to address the differential needs, capabilities, and resources associated with AUDs. However, researchers were forced to rely mainly on their own clinical experiences rather than an overarching conceptual model in determining how the approach should be employed with AUD patients, thereby limiting the conclusions that could be drawn from the study findings.

Conclusions

Different vulnerabilities underlying AUDs should be considered in determining what kinds of behavioral interventions should be paired with particular medications. At the same time, we need to have a better understanding of the clinical course of pharmacobehavioral treatment to deal with the array of problems/situations that arise over the course of combination therapy.
Factors associated with pregnancy outcome in anti‐TNF treated women with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Seirafi M. , de Vroey B. , Amiot A. , Seksik P. , Roblin X. , Allez M. , Peyrin‐Biroulet L. , Marteau P. , Cadiot G. , Laharie D. , Boureille A. , De Vos M. , Savoye G. , Rahier J.‐F. , Carbonnel F. , Bonaz B. , Colombel J.‐F. , Bouhnik Y.
Published: July 2014

Background

The safety of anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents during pregnancy is a major concern for child‐bearing women and physicians.

Aim

To assess the impact of anti‐TNF therapy on adverse pregnancy and foetal outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

Pregnancies occurring during anti‐TNF treatment or less than 3 months after its cessation in IBD patients followed in GETAID centres were recorded from January 2009 to December 2010. Ninety‐nine pregnancies in women without anti‐TNF treatment were identified from the CESAME registry. We compared pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by a case–control study.

Results

In the 124 IBD patients followed, 133 pregnancies were reported. At the conception time, 23% of patients had active disease. Eighty‐eight per cent (n = 117) of the 133 pregnancies followed until delivery resulted in 118 liveborns (one twin pregnancy). Complications were observed in 47 (35%) women and 24 (20%) newborns. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with pregnancy complications were: current smoking (P = 0.004), a B2 (stenotic) phenotype in CD women (P = 0.004), occurrence of a flare during pregnancy (P = 0.006) and a past history of complicated pregnancy (P = 0.007). Current smoking was the only factor associated with severe (i.e. potentially lethal) pregnancy complications (P = 0.02). Having IBD for more than 10 years prior to conception was associated with newborn complications (P = 0.007). No difference was found with the control group for any of the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion

In our series, the safety profile of anti‐TNF therapy during pregnancy and the neonatal period appears similar to control group of IBD women not treated with anti‐TNF therapy.
Managing children with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
Authors: de la Fuente Josu , Baruchel André , Biondi Andrea , de Bont Eveline , Dresse Marie‐Françoise , Suttorp Meinolf , Millot Frédéric ,   International BFM Group (iBFM) Study Group Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Committee
Published: July 2014

Chronic myeloid leukaemia in children and young people is a relatively rare form of leukaemia that shows increased incidence with age and some evidence suggests that the molecular basis differs from that in adults. Significant advances in targeted therapy with the development and use in children of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the ability to monitor and understand the prognostic significance of minimal residual disease by standardized molecular techniques has shifted the management of this condition from bone marrow transplantation as the main therapeutic modality to individualized treatment for each patient based on achieving specific milestones. The physiological changes occurring during childhood, particularly those affecting growth and development and the long‐term use of treatment, pose specific challenges in this age group, which we are only beginning to understand.
Limited Fine Motor and Grasping Skills in 6‐Month‐Old Infants at High Risk for Autism
Authors: Libertus Klaus , Sheperd Kelly A. , Ross Samuel W. , Landa Rebecca J.
Published: July 2014

Atypical motor behaviors are common among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, little is known about onset and functional implications of differences in early motor development among infants later diagnosed with ASD. Two prospective experiments were conducted to investigate motor skills among 6‐month‐olds at increased risk (high risk) for ASD (N1 = 129; N2 = 46). Infants were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and during toy play. Across both experiments, high‐risk infants exhibited less mature object manipulation in a highly structured (MSEL) context and reduced grasping activity in an unstructured (free‐play) context than infants with no family history of ASD. Longitudinal assessments suggest that between 6 and 10 months, grasping activity increases in high‐risk infants.
Bet v 1 – a Trojan horse for small ligands boosting allergic sensitization?
Authors: Asam C. , Batista A. L. , Moraes A. H. , de Paula V. S. , Almeida F. C. L. , Aglas L. , Kitzmüller C. , Bohle B. , Ebner C. , Ferreira F. , Wallner M. , Valente A. P.
Published: July 2014

Background

Birch pollen allergy represents the main cause of winter and spring pollinosis in the temperate climate zone of the northern hemisphere and sensitization towards Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, affects over 100 million allergic patients. The major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 has been described as promiscuous acceptor for a wide variety of hydrophobic ligands.

Objective

In search of intrinsic properties of Bet v 1, which account responsible for the high allergenic potential of the protein, we thought to investigate the effects of ligand‐binding on immunogenic as well as allergenic properties.

Methods

As surrogate ligand of Bet v 1 sodium deoxycholate (DOC) was selected. Recombinant and natural Bet v 1 were characterised physico‐chemically as well as immunologically in the presence or absence of DOC, and an animal model of allergic sensitization was established. Moreover, human IgE binding to Bet v 1 was analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Results

Ligand‐binding had an overall stabilizing effect on Bet v 1. This translated in a Th2 skewing of the immune response in a mouse model. Analyses of human IgE binding on Bet v 1 in mediator release assays revealed that ligand‐bound allergen‐induced degranulation at lower concentrations; however, in basophil activation tests with human basophils ligand‐binding did not show this effect. For the first time, human IgE epitopes on Bet v 1 were determined using antibodies isolated from patients' sera. The IgE epitope mapping of Bet v 1 demonstrated the presence of multiple binding regions.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Deoxycholate binding stabilizes conformational IgE epitopes on Bet v 1; however, the epitopes themselves remain unaltered. Therefore, we speculate that humans are exposed to both ligand‐bound and free Bet v 1 during sensitization, disclosing the ligand‐binding cavity of the allergen as key structural element.
Factors affecting peri‐implant bone loss: a post‐five‐year retrospective study
Authors: Vázquez Álvarez Rocío , Pérez Sayáns Mario , Gayoso Diz Pilar , García García Abel
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Although peri‐implant bone loss is one of the parameters included in the criteria for determining implant success, its prevention is of vital importance. The goal of this article is to assess the factors that affect peri‐implant bone loss.

Material and methods

An observational, longitudinal, retrospective study was conducted in 148 partially edentulous patients rehabilitated with implants and with a follow‐up period of 5 years or more. A total of 585 implants were included in the study. Radiographic peri‐implant bone loss was compared with radiographic periodontal bone loss, and other characteristics such as prosthesis design, hygiene, and implant size were studied as potential peri‐implant bone loss modification factors.

Results

In the univariate analysis, a statistically significant relationship between peri‐implant bone loss and gender (P < 0.05), implant system (P < 0.01), reason for extraction (P < 0.05), splinting (P < 0.0001), and distance between the implant platform and the horizontal component of the prosthesis (P < 0.0001) were observed. In multivariate analysis, the relationship between this peri‐implant loss and gender (P < 0.05), implant system (P < 0.05), splinting (P < 0.001), and the aforementioned distance (P < 0.01) remains.

Conclusions

The distance implant platform‐horizontal component of the prosthesis has the greatest effect on peri‐implant bone loss This distance must be >3.3 mm and <6 mm, above this range, it no longer influences in peri‐implant bone loss and favors the appearance of embrasures and the buildup of bacterial plaque.
Learning a Generative Probabilistic Grammar of Experience: A Process‐Level Model of Language Acquisition
Authors: Kolodny Oren , Lotem Arnon , Edelman Shimon
Published: July 2014

We introduce a set of biologically and computationally motivated design choices for modeling the learning of language, or of other types of sequential, hierarchically structured experience and behavior, and describe an implemented system that conforms to these choices and is capable of unsupervised learning from raw natural‐language corpora. Given a stream of linguistic input, our model incrementally learns a grammar that captures its statistical patterns, which can then be used to parse or generate new data. The grammar constructed in this manner takes the form of a directed weighted graph, whose nodes are recursively (hierarchically) defined patterns over the elements of the input stream. We evaluated the model in seventeen experiments, grouped into five studies, which examined, respectively, (a) the generative ability of grammar learned from a corpus of natural language, (b) the characteristics of the learned representation, (c) sequence segmentation and chunking, (d) artificial grammar learning, and (e) certain types of structure dependence. The model's performance largely vindicates our design choices, suggesting that progress in modeling language acquisition can be made on a broad front—ranging from issues of generativity to the replication of human experimental findings—by bringing biological and computational considerations, as well as lessons from prior efforts, to bear on the modeling approach.
Recreational drug use and binge drinking: Stimulant but not cannabis intoxication is associated with excessive alcohol consumption
Authors: McKetin Rebecca , Chalmers Jenny , Sunderland Matthew , Bright David A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction and Aims

Binge drinking is elevated among recreational drug users, but it is not clear whether this elevation is related to intoxication with recreational drugs. We examined whether stimulant intoxication and cannabis intoxication were associated with binge drinking among young adults.

Design and Methods

An online survey of 18‐ to 30‐year‐old Australians who had drunk alcohol in the past year (n = 1994) were quota sampled for: (i) past year ecstasy use (n = 497); (ii) past year cannabis (but not ecstasy) use (n = 688); and (iii) no ecstasy or cannabis use in the past year (alcohol‐only group, n = 809). Binge drinking last Saturday night (five or more drinks) was compared for participants who took stimulants (ecstasy, cocaine, amphetamine or methamphetamine) or cannabis last Saturday night.

Results

Ecstasy users who were intoxicated with stimulants (n = 91) were more likely to binge drink than ecstasy users who were not (n = 406) (89% vs. 67%), after adjusting for demographics, poly‐drug use and intoxication with cannabis and energy drinks (adjusted odds ratio 3.1, P = 0.007), drinking a median of 20 drinks (cf. 10 drinks among other ecstasy users). Cannabis intoxication was not associated with binge drinking among cannabis users (57% vs. 55%) or ecstasy users (73% vs. 71%). Binge drinking was more common in all of these groups than in the alcohol‐only group (34%).

Discussion and Conclusions

Stimulant intoxication, but not cannabis intoxication, is associated with binge drinking among young adults, compounding already high rates of binge drinking among people who use these drugs. [McKetin R, Chalmers J, Sunderland M, Bright DA. Recreational drug use and binge drinking: Stimulant but not cannabis intoxication is associated with excessive alcohol consumption. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:436–445]
Environmental characteristics associated with alcohol intoxication among patrons in Brazilian nightclubs
Authors: Carlini Claudia , Andreoni Solange , Martins Silvia S. , Benjamin Miguel , Sanudo Adriana , Sanchez Zila M.
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Few studies have investigated the association between environmental factors and patrons' binge drinking in nightclubs, and such studies are rare in developing countries.

Objective

To identify environmental factors associated with binge drinking among patrons in nightclubs in São Paulo, Brazil, using a mixed‐methods design.

Method

The study used a two‐stage cluster sampling survey design. Two levels of data were collected: observational data and portal survey data. Individual‐level data were collected by a portal survey of 2422 subjects at the entrance and 1822 subjects at the exit of 31 nightclubs. Weighted multilevel analysis was used to investigate the association between patrons' binge drinking (as measured by breath alcohol concentration ≥0.38 mg L−1) at nightclub exit, with environmental‐level variables collected through observation and controlled for individual‐level data.

Results

Pre‐drinking was the variable most strongly associated with binge drinking BrAC levels when exiting the venue [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.37, 8.17], P < 0.001). The environmental variables significantly associated with binge drinking were ‘all you can drink’ service (aOR = 2.44, 95% CI [1.03, 0.79]; P = 0.043), two or more dance floors (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.16, 3.18]; P = 0.011), and higher sound levels (aOR = 1.04 per each decibel increased, 95% CI [1.01, 1.08]; P = 0.048). Data triangulation showed an association between lower alcohol intoxication and ketamine use in three LGBT nightclubs.

Discussion

Pre‐drinking showed that individual‐level characteristics could be more important in binge drinking than the venues' environmental characteristics. Previous studies failed to include pre‐drinking in environmental analysis.

Conclusion

Environmental control interventions, isolated from individual‐level approaches, may have limited efficacy in the prevention of alcohol abuse in nightclubs. [Carlini C, Andreoni S, Martins SS, Benjamin MM, Sanudo A, Sanchez ZM. Environmental characteristics associated with alcohol intoxication among patrons in Brazilian nightclubs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:358–366]
Do pre‐drinkers consume more alcohol than non‐pre‐drinkers on an event‐specific night out? A cross‐national panel mobile survey of young people's drinking in England and Denmark
Authors: Østergaard Jeanette , Skov Peter R.
Published: July 2014

Introduction and Aims

Young people drinking heavily before going out to bars and clubs is associated with alcohol‐related harm and therefore of great public concern. This study examines whether pre‐drinkers consume more alcohol than non‐pre‐drinkers on an event‐specific night out in England and Denmark—two European countries known for their excessive youth drinking.

Design and Methods

An event‐specific survey of 1298 young people conducted in 50 bars, pubs and nightclubs in England and Denmark and follow‐up interviews conducted via mobile surveys (n = 580). The questionnaire measured demographics, socioeconomic status, frequency of intoxication and alcohol unit intake before and during the young people's night out.

Results

A mixed linear model performed on the panel mobile survey shows that pre‐drinkers in England and Denmark consume 9.185 (P < 0.001) and 7.554 (P < 0.001) units, respectively, more than the non‐pre‐drinkers. However, in both countries pre‐drinkers consume 3.430 (P < 0.05) and 3.141 (P < 0.001) units less alcohol on‐premises than the non‐pre‐drinkers.

Discussion and Conclusion

Pre‐drinking is a widespread phenomenon in England and Denmark, with more than half of young people pre‐drinking on an event‐specific night out. Pre‐drinking contributes significantly to high‐intensity drinking, as it does not preclude further drinking in bars, clubs and pubs. Thus, pre‐drinking is a major target for public measures seeking to reduce young people's intoxication‐related drinking and alcohol‐related harm. [Østergaard J, Skov PR. Do pre‐drinkers consume more alcohol than non‐pre‐drinkers on an event‐specific night out? A cross‐national panel mobile survey of young people's drinking in England and Denmark. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:376–384]
College students' daily‐level reasons for not drinking
Authors: O'Hara Ross E. , Armeli Stephen , Tennen Howard
Published: July 2014

Introduction and Aims

Motivational models of alcohol use posit opposing approach and avoidance motives related to drinking, yet no micro‐longitudinal study of college students has examined avoidance motives [i.e. reasons for not drinking (RND)]. This exploratory study examined daily‐ and person‐level correlates of students' RNDs to identify factors that may inhibit alcohol use.

Design and Methods

College students (n = 1631; 54% female) participated in a 30‐day daily diary study in which they reported RNDs for non‐drinking evenings, as well as daily moods, global drinking motives and alcohol expectancies.

Results

Daily sadness was positively associated with not drinking due to having nobody with whom to drink but negatively associated with not drinking due to school work. Daily anxiety was negatively associated with not drinking due to lack of desire and positively associated with not drinking due to habit or having school or job responsibilities. At the person level, multiple RNDs were associated with both coping and conformity motives (but not social or enhancement motives), as well as positive (but not negative) alcohol expectancies.

Discussion and Conclusions

Results demonstrate the complexity of modelling mood‐drinking contingencies proposed by motivational theories of alcohol use. Distinct moods may promote or inhibit drinking through various pathways, which could help explain the weak associations between daily mood and drinking level observed in previous studies. Measuring reasons both for and against drinking in micro‐longitudinal studies (e.g. daily diaries) is recommended to better understand the processes underlying alcohol use and to inform future prevention efforts. [O'Hara RE, Armeli S, Tennen H. College students' daily‐level reasons for not drinking. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:412–419]
Moderne Wundtherapie – praktische Aspekte der lokalen, nicht‐interventionellen Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Augustin Matthias , Eming Sabine A. , Goerge Tobias , Horn Thomas , Karrer Sigrid , Schumann Hauke , Stücker Markus
Published: July 2014

Die Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden gestaltet sich zunehmend komplexer. Es war daher das Ziel der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wundheilung (AGW) der DDG die aktuell relevanten Aspekte der nicht‐interventionellen, lokalen Wundbehandlung für den Praxisalltag in einem Übersichtsartikel darzustellen. Neben den notwendigen Maßnahmen wie Wundsäuberung und Debridement werden die gängigen Wundauflagen, deren Indikation sowie die praktische Anwendung beschrieben. Moderne Antiseptika, die heute in der Wundtherapie eingesetzt werden, beinhalten meist Polihexanid oder Octenidin. Es können für verschiedene weitere Aspekte der Wundbehandlung physikalische Verfahren wie beispielsweise Unterdrucktherapien eingesetzt werden. Wichtig ist es zudem, die oft relevante Schmerzsymptomatik der Patienten zu erfassen und adäquat zu behandeln. Die moderne feuchte Wundtherapie kann in der Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden die Heilung unterstützen, sie kann Komplikationen vermindern und die Lebensqualität verbessern. Gemeinsam mit einer Therapie der zugrundeliegenden Ursachen ist die moderne Wundtherapie damit ein wichtiger Aspekt in dem therapeutischen Gesamtkonzept bei diesen Patienten.
Current trends in patch testing – new data from the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) and the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK)
Authors: Mahler Vera , Geier Johannes , Schnuch Axel
Published: July 2014

Background and objectives

The relevance of contact allergens is subject to constant change due to changing exposures according to consumers’ preferences and legal requirements. The objective of this paper is to present trends in contact sensitization from the DKG and IVDK patch test clinics, which have led to changes in the DKG standard series (as of 1.1.2014), as well as the current legal framework which has influenced these trends and the way patch testing is performed.

Patients and methods

The patients from 56 DKG and IVDK patch test clinics from 2010 (n = 13,117), 2011 (n = 13,320) and 2012 (n = 12,529) were analyzed with regard to frequencies of sensitization (hit list) to contact allergens as well as the location of allergic contact dermatitis.

Results

With a sensitization rate of 15 % nickel is still the most frequently recognized contact allergen. An increase can be observed for fragrance mix I (9.1 %), the preservative composition of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) (4.5 %) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) alone (6.8 %). A decline is present for potassium dichromate from above 6 % (2007) to 3 % (2012) and for bufexamac (currently at 0.6 %). Backgrounds, legal requirements and resulting changes to the DKG standard series are illustrated.

Conclusions

The indicated trends demonstrate the relevance of clinical epidemiology and the “sentinel function” of DKG and IVDK with regard to public health and prevention of contact allergies.
Trichophyton species of Arthroderma benhamiae – a new infectious agent in dermatology
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Uhrlaß Silke , Krüger Constanze , Erhard Marcel , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Seyfarth Florian , Herrmann Jürgen , Wetzig Tino , Schroedl Wieland , Gräser Yvonne
Published: July 2014

In Germany, infections due to the zoophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton (T.) species of Arthroderma benhamiae are being more frequently diagnosed. The source of infection of this emerging pathogen overlaps with that of the zoophilic species T. interdigitale. The most common source are guinea pigs. T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae causes inflammatory dermatophytosis in children and adolescents. In addition to tinea capitis, it may cause both tinea corporis, tinea manus and frequently tinea faciei. In Germany, T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae is a frequent zoophilic dermatophyte, which in regions is probably more frequent than Microsporum canis. The mycological identification of the isolates with their yellow stained colonies is based on their macroscopic and microscopic features. However, some exhibit colony features consistent with those of T. interdigitale. These strains only can be identified unambiguously by means of molecular techniques. Using detection methods such as PCR‐ELISA or real‐time PCR, the dermatophyte can be identified directly from clinical material. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA has been approved as culture confirmation test for T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae. In addition, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) is useful. Widespread dermatophytosis due to T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae, in particular of tinea capitis, requires oral antifungal agents. Terbinafine is most effective, alternatives are fluconazole and itraconazole.
The clinical utility of Multiplate analyser measurement in platelet function testing following stroke and transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Mannu Gurdeep S. , Macartney Alistair , Lambert Jonathan R. A. , Bettencourt‐Silva Joao H. , Lawn Mark , Lyall Hamish , Metcalf Anthony Kneale , Potter John F. , Wood John , Clark Allan , Baglin Trevor , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Bowles Kristian M.
Published: July 2014

Background

Platelet responsiveness to aspirin in people with cerebrovascular disease is poorly understood.

Objectives

To determine: (i) normal reference range, imprecision and reproducibility of the Multiplate instrument in healthy volunteers naive to aspirin; (ii) imprecision and reproducibility of the Multiplate instrument in acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA); (iii) the relationship between aspirin responsiveness and clinical outcome.

Materials and Methods

We evaluated platelet function response to three agonists [Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP), Arachidonic Acid (AA), Collagen (Col)] using the Mulitplate platelet function analyser in a two‐phase pilot study. In phase 1, we recruited healthy volunteers to determine the normal reference range and imprecision of the Multiplate instrument. In phase 2, we assessed platelet function in acute stroke or TIA patients presenting to hospital. These patients were bled within 24 h of presentation and between 12 and 24 h after ≥75 mg dose of Aspirin. Patients were followed up to 1 yr to assess mortality and recurrent cardiovascular event.

Results

Overall, 29 healthy volunteers and 81 stroke/TIA patients were recruited. On assessing components of variance, Multiplate testing is reproducible and precise in volunteers and stroke/TIA patients. In stroke patients receiving aspirin, Bland–Altman plots show initial day 1 measurement provided a reliable measure of continuing response to aspirin at day 3. We defined one‐third of patients as aspirin resistant [31.8% (95% CI: 22.1%–42.8%)] using cut off mean aggregation of ≥23.08% for AA and mean aggregation of ≥80.76% for ADP.

Conclusion

The Multiplate device gives reproducible, precise results in volunteers and stroke/TIA patients.
Antibody‐based therapies in B‐cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Le Jeune Caroline , Thomas Xavier
Published: July 2014

Targeted therapies represent a major breakthrough in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Because lymphoblastic leukaemia cells express a variety of specific antigens, those ones can serve as targets for monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Anti‐CD20 (rituximab), anti‐CD19 (blinatumomab, SAR3419), anti‐CD22 (epratuzumab, inotuzumab ozogamicin) and anti‐CD52 (alemtuzumab) have therefore been developed. Possible strategies even include recruitment of CD3 cytotoxic T cells (blinatumomab) or adoptive T‐cell therapy by gene transfer of CD19‐chimeric antigen receptors (CD19‐CARs). Recent data show that antibody‐based therapy is a highly promising treatment approach. However, optimal treatment approach still needs to be defined.
Consciousness as a useful concept in epilepsy classification
Authors: Blumenfeld Hal , Meador Kimford J.
Published: July 2014

Impaired consciousness has important practical consequences for people living with epilepsy. Recent pathophysiologic studies show that seizures with impaired level of consciousness always affect widespread cortical networks and subcortical arousal systems. In light of these findings and their clinical significance, efforts are underway to revise the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2010 report to include impaired consciousness in the classification of seizures. Lüders and colleagues have presented one such effort, which we discuss here. We then propose an alternative classification of impaired consciousness in epilepsy based on functional neuroanatomy. Some seizures involve focal cortical regions and cause selective deficits in the content of consciousness but without impaired overall level of consciousness or awareness. These include focal aware conscious seizures (FACS) with lower order cortical deficits such as somatosensory or visual impairment as well as FACS with higher cognitive deficits including ictal aphasia or isolated epileptic amnesia. Another category applies to seizures with impaired level of consciousness leading to deficits in multiple cognitive domains. For this category, we believe the terms “dyscognitive” or “dialeptic” should be avoided because they may create confusion. Instead we propose that seizures with impaired level of consciousness be described based on underlying pathophysiology. Widespread moderately severe deficits in corticothalamic function are seen in absence seizures and in focal impaired consciousness seizures (FICS), including many temporal lobe seizures and other focal seizures with impaired consciousness. Some simple responses or automatisms may be preserved in these seizures. In contrast, generalized tonic–clonic seizures usually produce widespread severe deficits in corticothalamic function causing loss of all meaningful responses. Further work is needed to understand and prevent impaired consciousness in epilepsy, but the first step is to keep this crucial practical and physiologic aspect of seizures front‐and‐center in our discussions.
Proposal: Different types of alteration and loss of consciousness in epilepsy
Authors: Lüders Hans , Amina Shahram , Bailey Christopher , Baumgartner Christoph , Benbadis Selim , Bermeo Adriana , Carreño Maria , Devereaux Michael , Diehl Beate , Eccher Matthew , Edwards Jonathan , Fastenau Philip , Fernandez Baca‐Vaca Guadalupe , Godoy Jaime , Hamer Hajo , Hong Seung Bong , Ikeda Akio , Kahane Philippe , Kaiboriboon Kitti , Kalamangalam Giridhar , Lardizabal David , Lhatoo Samden , Lüders Jürgen , Mani Jayanti , Mayor Carlos , Mesa Latorre Tomas , Miller Jonathan , Morris Harold H. , Noachtar Soheyl , O'Donovan Cormac , Park Jun , Perez‐Jimenez Maria Angeles , Rona Sabine , Rosenow Felix , Shahid Asim , Schuele Stephan , Skidmore Christopher , Steinhoff Bernhard , Szabó Charles Á. , Sweet Jennifer , Tandon Nitin , Tanner Adriana , Tsuji Sadatoshi
Published: July 2014

There are at least five types of alterations of consciousness that occur during epileptic seizures: auras with illusions or hallucinations, dyscognitive seizures, epileptic delirium, dialeptic seizures, and epileptic coma. Each of these types of alterations of consciousness has a specific semiology and a distinct pathophysiologic mechanism. In this proposal we emphasize the need to clearly define each of these alterations/loss of consciousness and to apply this terminology in semiologic descriptions and classifications of epileptic seizures. The proposal is a consensus opinion of experienced epileptologists, and it is hoped that it will lead to systematic studies that will allow a scientific characterization of the different types of alterations/loss of consciousness described in this article.
Antipsoriatic treatment extends beyond the skin: recovering of high‐density lipoprotein function
Authors: Marsche Gunther , Holzer Michael , Wolf Peter
Published: July 2014

Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown a consistent association of psoriasis with systemic metabolic disorders including an increased prevalence of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Psoriasis is accompanied by systemic inflammation and low levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Recent studies provided clear evidence that psoriasis affects HDL composition and function. HDL isolated from patients with psoriasis showed a significantly impaired capability to mobilize cholesterol from macrophages, a crucial step in reverse cholesterol transport and markedly lower paraoxonase activity, a protein that co‐transports with HDL in serum with well‐known anti‐atherogenic properties. Of particular interest, successful antipsoriatic therapy significantly improved HDL composition and function independently of serum HDL cholesterol levels. These novel findings suggest that the conventional approaches of evaluating cardiovascular risk in psoriasis may be in need of refinement. As these data argue for a loss of beneficial activities of HDL in patients with psoriasis, altered HDL functionality should be considered when evaluating the lipid status of patients.
Mitochondrial dysfunction: a neglected component of skin diseases
Authors: Feichtinger René G. , Sperl Wolfgang , Bauer Johann W. , Kofler Barbara
Published: July 2014

Aberrant mitochondrial structure and function influence tissue homeostasis and thereby contribute to multiple human disorders and ageing. Ten per cent of patients with primary mitochondrial disorders present skin manifestations that can be categorized into hair abnormalities, rashes, pigmentation abnormalities and acrocyanosis. Less attention has been paid to the fact that several disorders of the skin are linked to alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism. This review article summarizes the contribution of mitochondrial pathology to both common and rare skin diseases. We explore the intriguing observation that a wide array of skin disorders presents with primary or secondary mitochondrial pathology and that a variety of molecular defects can cause dysfunctional mitochondria. Among them are mutations in mitochondrial‐ and nuclear DNA‐encoded subunits and assembly factors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes; mutations in intermediate filament proteins involved in linking, moving and shaping of mitochondria; and disorders of mitochondrial DNA metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and heme synthesis. Thus, we assume that mitochondrial involvement is the rule rather than the exception in skin diseases. We conclude the article by discussing how improving mitochondrial function can be beneficial for aged skin and can be used as an adjunct therapy for certain skin disorders. Consideration of mitochondrial energy metabolism in the skin creates a new perspective for both dermatologists and experts in metabolic disease.
The Biobehavioral Family Model: Testing Social Support as an Additional Exogenous Variable
Authors: Woods Sarah B. , Priest Jacob B. , Roush Tara
Published: July 2014

This study tests the inclusion of social support as a distinct exogenous variable in the Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM). TheBBFMis a biopsychosocial approach to health that proposes that biobehavioral reactivity (anxiety and depression) mediates the relationship between family emotional climate and disease activity. Data for this study included married, English‐speaking adult participants (n = 1,321; 55% female;Mage = 45.2 years) from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative epidemiological study of the frequency of mental disorders in the United States. Participants reported their demographics, marital functioning, social support from friends and relatives, anxiety and depression (biobehavioral reactivity), number of chronic health conditions, and number of prescription medications. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the items used in the measures of negative marital interactions, social support, and biobehavioral reactivity, as well as the use of negative marital interactions, friends' social support, and relatives' social support as distinct factors in the model. Structural equation modeling indicated a good fit of the data to the hypothesized model (χ2 = 846.04,p = .000,SRMR = .039,CFI = .924,TLI = .914,RMSEA = .043). Negative marital interactions predicted biobehavioral reactivity (β = .38,p < .001), as did relatives' social support, inversely (β = −.16,p < .001). Biobehavioral reactivity predicted disease activity (β = .40,p < .001) and was demonstrated to be a significant mediator through tests of indirect effects. Findings are consistent with previous tests of theBBFMwith adult samples, and suggest the important addition of family social support as a predicting factor in the model.
Looking for Solutions: Gender Differences in Relationship and Parenting Challenges Among Low‐Income, Young Parents
Authors: Albritton Tashuna , Angley Meghan , Grandelski Valen , Hansen Nathan , Kershaw Trace
Published: July 2014

The need for parenting and relationship strengthening programs is important among low‐income minority parents where the burden of relational and parental stressors contributes to relationship dissolution. We examine these stressors among young parents. Data were collected from four focus groups (N = 35) with young parents. Data were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Inductive coding was used to generate themes and codes, and analysis was completed using NVivo. Relationship and parenting challenges, values, and areas of need were the three major themes that emerged. Women's relationship challenges were family interference and unbalanced parenting, and men reported feeling disrespected and having limited finances. Common relationship challenges for women and men were family interference and unbalanced parenting. Both genders valued trust, communication, and honesty in relationships. Areas of need for women and men included: improving communication and understanding the impact of negative relationships on current relationships. Parenting challenges for women were unbalanced parenting, child safety, and feeling unprepared to parent; men reported limited finances. Both genders valued quality time with child to instill family morals. Areas of need for women and men included learning child discipline techniques and increasing knowledge about child development. Finally, women and men have relationship and parenting similarities and differences. Young parents are interested in learning how to improve relationships and co‐parent to reduce relationship distress, which could reduce risk behaviors and improve child outcomes.
Intimate encounters: the negotiation of difference within the family and its implications for social relations in public space
Authors: Valentine Gill , Piekut Aneta , Harris Catherine
Published: July 2014

This paper focuses on the neglected issue of encounters with difference within the context of family life at a moment in time when families are increasingly characterised by dissimilarity as a product of mobility and individualisation. The study upon which this paper is based involved both a survey of social attitudes (survey n = 3021) and qualitative multi‐stage research (n = 60). The evidence of the findings is that intra‐familial diversity does produce more positive attitudes in public life towards the specific social group that an individual family member is perceived to represent. However, such positive attitudes are not translated beyond this specific ‘difference’ to challenge wider prejudices towards other groups. As such, this research contributes to literatures on geographies of encounter and the geographies of family life by exposing the limits of intimate contact with difference in changing the way social relationships are lived in the wider world.