bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Electrospun Conductive Polymer Composites Strain Sensors
Authors: Wang Xin , Gao Qingsen , Schubert Dirk W. , Liu Xianhu
Published: April 2023

The rapid development of wearable smart devices with the ability to detect physiological activity has contributed to a huge demand for smart strain sensors. However, conventional strain sensors have significant limitations about stretchability. Electrospun strain sensors show great potential for application in the field of wearable strain sensors due to their light weight, good elasticity, stretchability, and ease of processing. In this review, the effects of materials, processing methods, and microstructures of electrospun strain sensors from conductive polymer composites on wearable strain sensors are summarized and discussed. The purpose of this review is to critically review the progress of electrospinning process‐based strain sensors and to predict promising future directions.
Ferroptosis Signature Shapes the Immune Profiles to Enhance the Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Chung Chih‐Hung , Lin Chun‐Yu , Chen Chih‐Yu , Hsueh Chun‐Wei , Chang Yao‐Wen , Wang Chen‐Chi , Chu Pen‐Yuan , Tai Shyh‐Kuan , Yang Muh‐Hwa
Published: April 2023

As a type of immunogenic cell death, ferroptosis participates in the creation of immunoactive tumor microenvironments. However, knowledge of spatial location of tumor cells with ferroptosis signature in tumor environments and the role of ferroptotic stress in inducing the expression of immune‐related molecules in cancer cells is limited. Here the spatial association of the transcriptomic signatures is demonstrated for ferroptosis and inflammation/immune activation located in the invasive front of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The association between ferroptosis signature and inflammation/immune activation is more prominent in HPV‐negative HNSCC compared to HPV‐positive ones. Ferroptotic stress induces PD‐L1 expression through reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐elicited NF‐κB signaling pathway and calcium influx. Priming murine HNSCC with the ferroptosis inducer sensitizes tumors to anti‐PD‐L1 antibody treatment. A positive correlation between the ferroptosis signature and the active immune cell profile is shown in the HNSCC samples. This study reveals a subgroup of ferroptotic HNSCC with immune‐active signatures and indicates the potential of priming HNSCC with ferroptosis inducers to increase the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Silencing of NOTCH3 Signaling in Meniscus Smooth Muscle Cells Inhibits Fibrosis and Exacerbates Degeneration in a HEYL‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Sun Hao , Liu Fangzhou , Lin Zhencan , Jiang Zongrui , Wen Xingzhao , Xu Jie , Zhang Zhiqi , Ma Ruofan
Published: April 2023

The mechanisms of meniscus fibrosis and novel ways to enhance fibrosis is unclear. This work reveals human meniscus fibrosis initiated at E24 weeks. Smooth muscle cell cluster is identified in embryonic meniscus, and the combined analysis with previous data suggests smooth muscle cell in embryonic meniscus as precursors of progenitor cells in the mature meniscus. NOTCH3 is constantly expressed in smooth muscle cells throughout embryogenesis to adulthood. Inhibition of NOTCH3 signaling in vivo inhibits meniscus fibrosis and exacerbates degeneration. Continuous histological sections show that HEYL, NOTCH3 downstream target gene, is expressed consistently with NOTCH3. HEYL knockdown in meniscus cells attenuated the COL1A1 upregulation by CTGF and TGF‐β stimulation. Thus, this study discovers the existence of smooth muscle cells and fibers in the meniscus. Inhibition of NOTCH3 signaling in meniscus smooth muscle cells in a HEYL‐dependent manner prevented meniscus fibrosis and exacerbated degeneration. Therefore, NOTCH3/HEYL signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for meniscus fibrosis.
Interface Engineering by Hydrophilic and Zincophilic Aluminum Hydroxide Fluoride for Anode‐Free Zinc Metal Batteries at Low Temperature
Authors: Wang Cheng , Wang Dongdong , Lv Dan , Peng Huili , Song Xinxin , Yang Jian , Qian Yitai
Published: April 2023

Anode‐free batteriesgreatly promote overall energy density, but they require an extremely high Coulombic efficiency (CE, >99.7%) to function normally. It becomes very challenging in aqueous batteries, because of water‐related parasitic reactions and dendrite growth on Zn anodes. Herein, aluminum hydroxide fluoride coated on Cu foils (Cu@AOF) is used to realize the anode‐free aqueous batteries. AOF exhibits a high adsorption affinity to H2O and a low diffusion energy barrier for Zn adatoms, promoting the desolvation process and surface migration. Meanwhile, the strong interaction between AOF and Zn2+ enables it to regulate the Zn2+ flux and benefit lateral growth. Then, the anode‐free full cells of Cu@AOF||Zn0.5VO2 exhibit a record‐high cycle life of 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1 with an ultra‐high average CE of 99.95%. More impressively, the full cell shows a long cycle life of 400 cycles with a high CE of 99.94% at −20 °C. This work provides sheds light on the rational engineering of the electrode interfaces to obtain excellent performance at low temperatures.
Ultrafine Fe2C Iron Carbide Nanoclusters Trapped in Topological Carbon Defects for Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Su Jianwei , Pan Dianhui , Dong Yan , Zhang Yangyuan , Tang Yulong , Sun Jian , Zhang Linjuan , Tian Ziqi , Chen Liang
Published: April 2023

Normally, the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) on Fe‐based materials is unfavorable due to the poisoning of reaction sites by CO products. By modulating the electronic structures of Fe sites via carbonization, the CO binding strength can be optimized to facilitate the CO2RR. In the present study, a dual N‐elimination strategy is adopted to synthesize and stabilize a rarely reported iron carbide phase Fe2C nanoclusters with a mean diameter of 1.07 nm trapped in topological carbon defects. Notably, the ultrafine Fe2C clusters present an excellent performance on electrocatalytic CO2RR, which can drive a current density of 8.53 mA cm−2 with Faradaic efficiency of 97.1% for CO production at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the nanometric Fe2C cluster possesses much weaker binding with CO than the Fe crystalline surfaces and other iron carbides, thus promoting the CO desorption and overall CO2RR process.
Metal Oxide Aerogels: A New Horizon for Stabilizing Anodes in Rechargeable Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Shi Zhenhai , Chen Suli , Xu Zijian , Liu Zhanming , Guo Junhong , Yin Jian , Xu Pengwu , Zhang Nan , Zhang Wenli , Alshareef Husam N. , Liu Tianxi
Published: April 2023

Dendritic deposition and side reactions have been long‐standing interfacial challenges of Zn anode, which have prevented the development of practical aqueous zinc‐based batteries. Herein, an oxygen vacancy‐rich CeO2 aerogel (VAG‐Ce) interface layer that simultaneously integrates Zn2+ selectivity, porosity, and is lightweight is reported as a new strategy to achieve dendrite‐free and corrosion‐free Zn anodes. The well‐defined and uniform nanochannels of VAG‐Ce can act as ion sieves that redistribute Zn2+ at the Zn anode surface by regulating Zn2+ flux, leading to uniform Zn deposition and significantly suppressing dendrite growth. Importantly, the abundant oxygen vacancies exposed on VAG‐Ce surface can strongly capture SO42−, forming a negatively charged layer that can attract Zn2+ and accelerate the Zn2+ migration kinetics, while the subsequent repulsion of additional anions can effectively suppress the generation of (Zn4SO4(OH)6·xH2O) byproducts, thereby realizing very stable Zn anodes. Consequently, VAG‐Ce modified Zn anode (VAG‐Ce@Zn) enables a long‐term lifespan over 4000 h at 4 mA cm−2 and a record‐high cycle life of 1200 h is achieved under an ultrahigh 85% Zn utilization at 8 mA cm−2, which enables excellent capacity retention and cycling performance of VAG@Zn/MnO2 cells. This work contributes an innovative design concept by introducing oxygen vacancy‐rich aerogels and provides a new horizon for stabilizing Zn anode for large‐scale energy storage.
3D‐Printed Graded Electrode with Ultrahigh MnO2 Loading for Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Lin Dun , Chandrasekaran Swetha , Forien Jean‐Baptiste , Xue Xinzhe , Pinongcos Anica , Coester Emma , Worsley Marcus A. , Li Yat
Published: April 2023

Electrolytic manganese dioxide is one of the promising cathode candidates for electrochemical energy storage devices due to its high redox capacity and ease of synthesis. Yet, high‐loading MnO2 often suffers from sluggish reaction kinetics, especially in non‐aqueous electrolytes. The non‐uniform deposition of MnO2 on a porous current collectors also makes it difficult to fully utilize the active materials at high mass loading. Here, a 3D printed graded graphene aerogel (3D GA) that contains sparsely separated exterior ligaments is developed to create large open channels for mass transport as well as densely arranged interior ligaments providing large ion‐accessible active surface. The unique structural design homogenizes the thickness of electro deposited MnO2 even at an ultrahigh mass loading of ≈70 mg cm−2. The electrode achieves a remarkable volumetric capacity of 29.1 mA h cm−3 in the non‐aqueous electrolyte. A Li‐ion hybrid capacitor device assembled with a graded 3D GA/MnO2 cathode and graded 3D GA/VOx anode exhibits a wide voltage window of 0–4 V and a superior volumetric energy density of 20.2 W h L−1. The findings offer guidance on 3D printed electrode design for supporting ultrahigh loading of active materials and developments of high energy density energy storage devices.
An Ultracompact Single‐Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistor Binary and Multibit Associative Search Engine
Authors: Yin Xunzhao , Müller Franz , Huang Qingrong , Li Chao , Imani Mohsen , Yang Zeyu , Cai Jiahao , Lederer Maximilian , Olivo Ricardo , Laleni Nellie , Deng Shan , Zhao Zijian , Shi Zhiguo , Shi Yiyu , Zhuo Cheng , Kämpfe Thomas , Ni Kai
Published: April 2023

Content addressable memory (CAM) is widely used in associative search tasks due to its parallel pattern matching capability. As more complex and data‐intensive tasks emerge, it is becoming increasingly important to enhance CAM density for improved performance and better area efficiency. To reduce the area overheads, various nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices, such as ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs), are used in CAM design. Herein, a novel ultracompact 1FeFET CAM design that enables parallel associative search and in‐memory hamming distance calculation is used, as well as a multibit CAM for exact search using the same CAM cell. The proposed CAM design leverages the 1FeFET1R structure, and compact device designs that integrate the series resistor current limiter into the intrinsic FeFET structure are demonstrated to turn the 1FeFET1R structure into an effective 1FeFET cell. A two‐step search operation of the proposed binary and multibit 1FeFET CAM array through both experiments and simulations is proposed, showing a sufficient sensing margin despite unoptimized FeFET device variation. In genome pattern matching applications, using the hyperdimensional computing paradigm, the design results in a 89.9× speedup and 66.5× improvement in energy efficiency over the state‐of‐the‐art alignment tools on GPU.
Integration of Neuromorphic and Reconfigurable Logic‐in‐Memory Operations in an Electrolyte‐Manipulated Ferroelectric Organic Neuristor
Authors: Li Longfei , Wang Qijing , Pei Mengjiao , Wang Hengyuan , Guo Jianhang , Hao Ziqian , Li Yating , Dai Qinyong , Lu Kuakua , Li Yun
Published: April 2023

The rapid development of digital technology results in a tremendous increase in computational tasks that impose stringent performance requirements on next‐generation computing. Biological neurons with fault tolerance and logic functions exhibit powerful computing capacity when facing complex real‐world problems, which strikes the inspiration for the development of highly energy‐efficient brain‐like computing. Herein, a novel device architecture, an electrolyte‐manipulated ferroelectric organic neuristor, which emulates biological neurons to perform both neuromorphic and reconfigurable logic‐in‐memory operations in a single cell, is proposed. The interfacial coupling of ions and dipoles in the neuristor contributes to the tunable synaptic behaviors of short‐ to long‐term plasticity. Notably, by virtue of lateral capacitive coupling, the neuristor is effectively controlled by multiple in‐plane gates to achieve heterosynaptic plasticity. An artificial neural network exhibits robust recognition ability with high accuracy of 93.7% in speech recognition, further demonstrating the feasibility of the neuristor for neuromorphic computing. Additionally, reconfigurable logic‐in‐memory operations (OR and AND) are successfully demonstrated in a single device. Therefore, the devices shed new light on the development of more brain‐inspired computing systems in the era of big data.
Point‐LIO: Robust High‐Bandwidth Light Detection and Ranging Inertial Odometry
Authors: He Dongjiao , Xu Wei , Chen Nan , Kong Fanze , Yuan Chongjian , Zhang Fu
Published: April 2023

Herein, point light detection and ranging inertial odometry (LIO) is presented: a robust and high‐bandwidth light detection and ranging (LiDAR) inertial odometry with the capability to estimate extremely aggressive robotic motions. Point‐LIO has two key novelties. The first one is a point‐by‐point LIO framework that updates the state at each LiDAR point measurement. This framework allows an extremely high‐frequency odometry output, significantly increases the odometry bandwidth, and fundamentally removes the artificial in‐frame motion distortion. The second one is a stochastic process‐augmented kinematic model which models the IMU measurement as an output. This new modeling method enables accurate localization and reliable mapping for aggressive motions even with inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements saturated in the middle of the motion. Various real‐world experiments are conducted for performance evaluation. Overall, Point‐LIO is capable to provide accurate, high‐frequency odometry (4–8 kHz) and reliable mapping under severe vibrations and aggressive motions with high angular velocity (75 rad s−1) beyond the IMU measuring ranges. Furthermore, an exhaustive benchmark comparison is conducted. Point‐LIO achieves consistently comparable accuracy and time consumption. Finally, two example applications of Point‐LIO are demonstrated, one is a racing drone and the other is a self‐rotating unmanned aerial vehicle, both have aggressive motions.
White matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer's disease: Beyond vascular contribution
Authors: Garnier‐Crussard Antoine , Cotton François , Krolak‐Salmon Pierre , Chételat Gaël
Published: April 2023

White matter hyperintensities (WMH), frequently seen in older adults, are usually considered vascular lesions, and participate in the vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia. However, emerging evidence highlights the heterogeneity of WMH pathophysiology, suggesting that non‐vascular mechanisms could also be involved, notably in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This led to the alternative hypothesis that in AD, part of WMH may be secondary to AD‐related processes. The current perspective brings together the arguments from different fields of research, including neuropathology, neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers, and genetics, in favor of this alternative hypothesis. Possible underlying mechanisms leading to AD‐related WMH, such as AD‐related neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation, are discussed, as well as implications for diagnostic criteria and management of AD. We finally discuss ways to test this hypothesis and remaining challenges. Acknowledging the heterogeneity of WMH and the existence of AD‐related WMH may improve personalized diagnosis and care of patients.
Boosting the Efficiency of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by a Multifunctional Composite Photoanode to 14.13 %
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Huang Fuhua , Guo Xugeng , Xiong Ye , Huang Yafei , Ågren Hans , Wang Li , Zhang Jinglai
Published: April 2023

We report a new strategy to fabricate a multifunctional composite photoanode containing TiO2 hollow spheres (TiO2‐HSs), Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and novel NaYF4 : Yb,Er@NaLuF4 : Eu@SiO2 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The AuNPs are grown on the photoanode film including TiO2‐HSs and UCNPs by a simple in situ plasmonic treatment. As a result, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 14.13 % is obtained, which is a record for N719 dye‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells, demonstrating great potential for the solar cells toward commercialization. This obvious enhancement is ascribed to a collaborative mechanism of the TiO2‐HSs exhibiting excellent light‐scattering ability, of the UCNPs converting near‐infrared photons into visible photons and of the AuNPs presenting outstanding surface plasmon resonance effect. Notably, a steady‐state experiment further reveals that the champion cell exhibits 95.33 % retainment in efficiency even after 180 h of measurements, showing good device stability.
Rational Design in Photopharmacology with Molecular Photoswitches
Authors: Kobauri Piermichele , Dekker Frank J. , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L.
Published: April 2023

Photopharmacology is an attractive approach for achieving targeted drug action with the use of light. In photopharmacology, molecular photoswitches are introduced into the structure of biologically active small molecules to allow for the optical control of their potency. Going beyond trial and error, photopharmacology has progressively applied rational drug design methodologies to devise light‐controlled bioactive ligands. In this review, we categorize photopharmacological efforts from the standpoint of medicinal chemistry strategies, focusing on diffusible photochromic ligands modified with photoswitches that operate through E‐Z bond isomerization. In the vast majority of cases, photoswitchable ligands are designed as analogs of existing compounds, through a variety of approaches. By analyzing in detail a comprehensive list of instructive examples, we describe the state of the art and discuss future opportunities for rational design in photopharmacology.
Tailoring *H Intermediate Coverage on the CuAl2O4/CuO Catalyst for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Yuan Bowen , Wang Wenlong , He Jing , Xiang Xu
Published: April 2023

The direct electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multi‐carbon products offers a promising pathway for producing value‐added chemicals using renewable electricity. However, producing ethanol remains a challenge because of the competitive ethylene formation and hydrogen evolution reactions. Herein, we propose an active hydrogen (*H)‐intermediate‐mediating strategy for ethanol electroproduction on a layered precursor‐derived CuAl2O4/CuO catalyst. The catalyst delivered a Faradaic efficiency of 70 % for multi‐carbon products and 41 % for ethanol at current density of 200 mA cm−2 and exhibited a continuous 150 h durability in a flow cell. The intensive spectroscopic studies combined with theoretical calculations revealed that the in situ generated CuAl2O4 could tailor *H intermediate coverage and the elevated *H coverage favors the hydrogenation of the *HCCOH intermediate, accounting for the increased yield of ethanol. This work directs a pathway for enhancing ethanol electroproduction from CO2 reduction by tailoring *H intermediate coverage.
Einfluss der Luftdichtheit auf den Heizwärme‐ und Klimakältebedarf bei neuen Einfamilienhäusern
Authors: Hall Monika
Published: April 2023

Die Luftdichtheit von Gebäuden hat einen Einfluss auf den Lüftungswärmestrom und damit auf den Heizwärme‐ und Klimakältebedarf. Der unkontrollierte Luftstrom durch Leckagen gewinnt mit zunehmendem Dämmniveau an Bedeutung. Um den Einfluss der Luftdichtheit bei hohem Dämmstandard auf den Heizwärme‐ und Klimakältebedarf zu untersuchen, werden verschiedene Szenarien mit einer thermischen Gebäudesimulation betrachtet. Zusätzlich werden an 28 neuen Einfamilienhäusern Luftdichtheitstests durchgeführt, um die Luftdichtheit von Standardneubauten zu bestimmen.

Die Simulationen bestätigen, dass der Heizwärme‐ und Klimakältebedarf mit zunehmender Undichtheit zunimmt. Infolge der großen Temperaturdifferenz zwischen innen und außen sowie höheren Windgeschwindigkeiten im Winter ist der Einfluss der Luftdichtheit auf den Heizwärmebedarf größer als auf den Klimakältebedarf im Sommer. Die ermittelte Luftdichtheit der gemessenen Gebäude weist im Mittel ein q50 = 0,8 m3/(h · m2) auf, was ein sehr guter Luftdichtheitswert ist. Ihr Heizwärmebedarf wird sich durch die Undichtheiten voraussichtlich um ca. 3 % bis 6 % gegenüber einem dichten Gebäude mit q50 = 0,6 m3/(h · m2) erhöhen. Der Klimakältebedarf wird sich um ca. 1 % bis 2 % reduzieren.
Ökobilanzierung adaptiver Hüllen und Strukturen
Authors: Borschewski David , Albrecht Stefan , Bischoff Manfred , Blandini Lucio , Bosch Matthias , Dazer Martin , Efinger Dshamil , Eisenbarth Christina , Haase Walter , Kreimeyer Matthias , Leistner Philip , Nitzlader Markus , Roth Daniel , Sawodny Oliver , van den Adel Friederike , Voigt Michael , Weber Simon
Published: April 2023

Die Bilanzierung von Umweltwirkungen spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Entwicklung nachhaltiger und umweltfreundlicher Technologien und Konzepte. Dies gilt auch in der Entwicklung von Gebäuden mit adaptiven Hüllen und Strukturen und stellt darüber hinaus weitreichende Anforderungen an alle beteiligten Disziplinen. Die vollständige Integration der Ökobilanzierung in den Planungs‐ und Auslegungsprozess ermöglicht, Umweltwirkungen als Optimierungsgrößen in den komplexen, dynamischen Berechnungswerkzeugen einzusetzen. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse des SFB 1244 bescheinigen adaptiven Tragwerken und Fassaden großes Potenzial zur Einsparung von Ressourcen und Umweltwirkungen. Die ganzheitliche Betrachtungsweise, sowohl in Bezug auf den Lebenszyklus als auch auf die interdisziplinären Wechselwirkungen, stellt sicher, dass die relevanten Effekte und Einflüsse in der Bilanzierung berücksichtigt werden. Das stellt die Methode der Ökobilanzierung selbst jedoch vor neue Herausforderungen im Umgang mit einer Vielzahl an Varianten und den umfangreichen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Auslegung und Einflüssen auf Parameter in der Nutzungsphase, wie z. B. den Energieverbrauch oder die Lebensdauer.
Living (dys)regulated and alienated young masculinity—Young men's embodied experiences of mental disorders and suicidality
Authors: Åhlander Anna , Strömbäck Maria , Sandlund Jonas , Wiklund Maria
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety with interlinked suicidality, are the leading cause of health‐related disability among young men. Knowledge of the interaction between emotional, bodily, social and gendered mental health processes in young men is limited and therefore needed.

Aim

This study aimed to explore young men's lived embodied experiences of mental disorders and suicidality, and to conceptualise these by integrating affective–emotional, physiological, social and gendered processes.

Methods

Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 13 young men who had sought professional help for mental disorders and suicidality. Grounded theory (GT) was used with a social constructivist perspective.

Results

The results comprise one core category—Living (dys)regulated and alienated young masculinity—with related categories “battling with the emotional body,” “suffering in social silence” and “balancing embodied darkness and distress.” The GT illustrates how young men navigate and manage their embodied and emotional suffering in a context of “regulative” masculine and social norms alongside insufficient social support.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that young men's lived embodied experiences of mental disorders and suicidality can be understood as a dynamic process of internal and external “(dys)regulation and alienation.” The generated GT provides a broad tentative explanation model, contributing to theory development, and serves as a basis for gender‐sensitive interventions—in both psychotherapy and physiotherapy—integrating body, mind and the social context.
Au Nanozyme Driven Cascading Catalysis in Tollens′ Reaction: An Insight of Glucose Oxidase‐Like Mechanism
Authors: Xiang Henglong , Huang Sijun , Zhu Dongwei , Yu Liqiang , Liu Rui , Guo Yi , Xu Li
Published: April 2023

Au nanoparticles (NPs) have been proven to be excellent glucose oxidase (GOx) mimics, which can catalyze the electrons transform pathway from glucose to oxygen. This study confirmed AuNPs can accelerate the reaction between [Ag(NH3)2]+ and glucose under alkaline conditions, which is also known as the Tollens′ reaction, and the possible mechanism was proposed. Here, [Ag(NH3)2]+ instead of O2 acted directedly as an electron acceptor during glucose oxidation catalyzed by AuNPs, accompanied by hydrogen transfer. The as‐synthesized Ag nanoparticles can also catalyze this process, similar to AuNPs, via a unique cascading catalysis mechanism in the Tollens′ reaction. A simple and heatless glucose colorimetric assay can be established based on the plasmonic band of AgNPs with a liner range of 0.6–22.2 μM, and the limit of detection is 0.32 μM.
Pyridone‐Doped Acenes with Improved Stability
Authors: Yan Chengguo , Ding Weiwei , Zhang Gang
Published: April 2023

Besides the peripheral modification, the introduction of heteroatoms to modulate the property of longer acenes with improved chemical stability has been extensively studied for their potential applications in organic electronics. However, the utilization of 4‐pyridone, a common unit in the air‐ and photo‐stable acridone and quinacridone, to decorate higher acenes with increased stability has not been realized yet. Here we present the synthesis of a series of monopyridone‐doped acenes up to heptacene via the palladium‐catalyzed Buchwald‐Hartwig amination of aniline and dibromo‐ketone. The effect of pyridone on the property of doped acenes were investigated experimentally and computationally. With the π‐extension of doped acenes, the pyridone ring shows the weakened conjugation and gradual loss of aromaticity. The doped acenes demonstrate enhanced stability in solution and maintain the electronic communication between the acene planes.
Template Based Synthesis of Porous Graphdiyne Nanosheet for Reversible and Fast NO2 Detection by UV Irradiation
Authors: Li Senlin , Yu Lingmin , Zhang Chuantao , Wang Siyi , Li Ruijun , Zhao Fan , Yin Mingli , Du Hongbo , Jia Yu , Fan Xinhui
Published: April 2023

Two‐dimensional graphdiyne (GDY) formed by sp and sp2 hybridized carbon has been found to be an efficient toxic gas sensing material by density functional theory (DFT). However, little experimental research concerning its gas sensing capability has been reported owing to the complex preparation process and harsh experimental conditions. Herein, porous GDY nanosheets are successfully synthesized through a facile solvothermal synthesis technique by using CuO microspheres (MSs) as both template and source of catalyst. The porous GDY nanosheets exhibit a broadband optical absorption, rendering it suitable for the light‐driven optoelectronic gas sensing applications. The GDY‐based gas sensor was demonstrated to have excellent reversible to NO2 behaviors at 25 °C for the first time. More importantly, higher response value and faster response‐recovery time once exposed to NO2 gas molecules are achieved by the illumination of UV light. In this way, our work paves the way for the exploration of GDY‐based gas detection experimentally.
A broad range: From simple and brief to intensive single‐session interventions: Commentary on Schleider et al. (2023)
Authors: Ghaderi Ata , Welch Elisabeth
Published: April 2023

To push research and treatment in the field of eating disorders (EDs) forward, we need to not only systematically develop our current knowledge and skills through established procedures for research and clinical practice, but also make room for disruptive innovations and thinking out of the box. The paper by Schleider et al. (2023, International Journal of Eating Disorders) provides a thoughtful invitation to think differently by considering single‐session interventions (SSI) for prevention and treatment of EDs. Beyond expanding our intervention tools, SSI may force us to think more mechanistically about the processes of change, and about the format and delivery of our interventions, both for EDs and from a transdiagnostic perspective. In this commentary, we reflect on the possible benefits and implications of SSI, and the necessity of mechanistically driven and rigorous empirical research for developing efficacious SSI.
High dimensional analysis reveals distinct NK cell subsets but conserved response to stimulation in umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood
Authors: Buckle Irina , Johnson Anthony , Rojas Ingrid Leal , Weinert Vicky , Sester David P. , Radford Kristen , Guillerey Camille
Published: April 2023

Growing interest surrounds adoptive cellular therapies utilizing Natural Killer (NK) cells, which can be obtained from various sources, including umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult peripheral blood (APB). Understanding NK cell receptor expression and diversity in such cellular sources will guide future therapeutic designs. We used a 20‐color flow cytometry panel to compare unstimulated and cytokine‐activated UCB and APB NK cells. Our analysis showed that UCB NK cells express slightly higher levels of the immune checkpoints PD‐1, TIGIT, and CD96 compared to their APB counterparts. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and dimensionality reduction analyses revealed enrichment in CD56neg as well as mature NKp46neg and CD56+CD16+ NK cell populations in UCB whereas CD57+ terminally differentiated NK cells with variable expression of KIRs and CD16 were found in APB. These populations were conserved following stimulation with IL‐12, IL‐15, and IL‐18. Cytokine stimulation was associated with the downregulation of TIGIT and CD16 on multiple NK cell subsets in UCB and APB. Among UCB CD16− NK cell populations, TIGIT+ NK cells produced more IFN‐γ than their TIGIT− counterparts. Our data demonstrate higher immune checkpoint expression on UCB NK cells compared to APB. However, the expression of TIGIT immune checkpoint is not indicative of NK cell exhaustion.
Half‐Sandwich Manganese Complex Bearing Fused Oxazoline‐NHC Ligand: Conformational Analysis and Evaluation in Asymmetric Ketone Hydrosilylation
Authors: Cavailles Matthieu , Filippov Oleg A. , César Vincent , Lugan Noël , Valyaev Dmitry A.
Published: April 2023

The first manganese complex bearing a chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand was prepared and studied by spectroscopic methods and X‐ray diffraction. While IR spectroscopy revealed the existence of two isomers in solution with distinct νCO band patterns, DFT calculations indicated that these isomers correspond to rotamers around the Mn−NHC bond and their different spectroscopic properties were rationalized by the occurrence of attractive π(C=C)⋅⋅⋅π*(C≡O) or σ(C−H)⋅⋅⋅π*(C≡O) intramolecular interligand interactions. The evaluation of this complex in catalytic hydrosilylation of acetophenone using Ph2SiH2 under UV irradiation led to the formation of the corresponding (R)‐alcohol with low enantioselectivity.
Concise Synthesis, Conformational Study, and Aroma Properties of Carba‐Homologues of Helvetolide and Serenolide
Authors: Dacho Vladimír , Babjak Matej , Peťka Ján , Szolcsányi Peter
Published: April 2023

We have designed, prepared, and evaluated a set of racemic (un)saturated carba‐homologues of prominent musks Helvetolide and Serenolide. The short synthesis employs commercially available Artemone and/or Herbac, that are transformed in three steps to the target compounds. Their qualitative olfactory analysis revealed that incorporation of methylene bridge into the backbone chain of parent compounds completely erases the original musk scent and such new derivatives exhibit a pleasant and often intense sweet(ish) aroma of fruit with floral and herbal aspects. The results of computational modelling suggest that previously postulated horseshoe shape conformation might be necessary but not sufficient prerequisite for musk‐scented compounds. Thus, we offer an alternative hypothesis based on the structural differences between metallocomplexes of Helvetolide and/or Serenolide vs. their (un)saturated carba‐homologues with zinc‐atom as a model for the putative metal‐binding site in human olfactory receptors.
Free Carboxylic Acids: The Trend of Radical Decarboxylative Functionalization
Authors: Li Liubo , Yao Yan , Fu Niankai
Published: April 2023

The exceptional versatility of carboxylic acids has been extensively exploited in organic synthesis across several decades. There has been a recent upsurge of radical decarboxylative transformations. The process can be initiated under mild conditions, and the resultant radicals have orthogonal reactivities to closed‐shell species, thus providing immense opportunities for streamlining novel reactions. The use of free carboxylic acids is the most desirable owing to its high atom and step economy. Aiming to demonstrate the attractiveness of the strategy and to inspire chemists to tackle existing challenges, this review outlines the recent advances on radical decarboxylative functionalization of free carboxylic acids.
A review on recent developments and advances in environmental gas sensors to monitor toxic gas pollutants
Authors: Saxena Pooja , Shukla Prashant
Published: April 2023

Air pollutants originating from various sources like vehicular emission, power stations, factories, refineries, industrial emissions, and burning of garbage in open and laboratories, include many toxic gases and pollutants like hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like benzene, toluene, xylene, and so on, ammonia (NH3), carbon‐monoxide (CO), carbon‐dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), and so on, that are constantly released into the atmosphere and continuously deteriorating our natural environment and surroundings. These pollutants create harmful effects on the ecosystem and affect human health. Though there are many devices available for monitoring these pollutants and toxic gases, they are very expensive and time‐consuming. Since the safety of the life of human health, plants, animals, and their surrounding area on topmost priority, thus there is a significant need to develop user‐friendly and environmentally friendly sensing devices for real‐time monitoring of air pollutant emissions, which are extremely hazardous to the environment, breathable air, and human health. Extensive research has been made by researchers to develop an ideal sensor suitable for the environment and which can be within the reach of the masses. This review article presents different types of gas sensors and the technologies on which they work upon. We have also discussed the different gas sensors with their principle of operation. The working, advantages, and disadvantages of each type of sensor have also been discussed and compared with each other. Despite extensive research over several years to develop a highly sensitive, selective, and quick response sensor for the detection of flammable and toxic gases, the future scope and perspective for scientists are also proposed at the end of this article.
Energy efficiency and cost assessment of a residential site with a combined heat and power system optimized with cryptocurrency mining
Authors: Tat Mustafa Ertunc , Bestas Enes Hakan
Published: April 2023

Combined heat and power (CHP) systems, an effective way of meeting high energy demand with high efficiency, were adapted to existing large service buildings in most studies. Because of the large daily and seasonal fluctuations in energy and electricity demands of the buildings, optimization problems have come into view and have been studied. This study propounds a holistic design solution for the CHP systems' inadequacy to meet varying consumer energy demands in residential and the excessive electricity demand created by cryptocurrency mining. In addition, the study defines the possible high efficiency and sustainability for residentials producing and consuming heat and electricity by themselves.

An energy‐conservative three‐block residential and a CHP system were projected together by a holistic view balancing the residencies' peak thermal demand to the thermal output capacity of the CHP system. The investment return rate of the CHP system was maximized by optimizing the thermodynamic efficiencies and maximizing the electric generation for cryptocurrency mining. The energetic efficiency increased from 40% to an energy utilization factor of 83%, and exergetic efficiency increased from 39% to 42%. The waste‐exergy ratio decreased from 61% to 58%. The engine's environmental effect factor was 1.56 and reduced to 1.38 with the CHP system. The exergetic sustainability index was improved from 0.64 to 0.72. The benefit–cost ratio was estimated as 1.6, with an internal return rate of 79%. Holistic designs considering common values should be considered to improve sustainability.
Effects of ultra‐high‐temperature processes on metabolite changes in milk
Authors: Bai Ge , Cheng Long , Peng Liying , Wu Bin , Zhen Yuguo , Qin Guixin , Zhang Xuefeng , Aschalew Natnael D. , Sun Zhe , Wang Tao
Published: April 2023

Processing can affect milk properties and alter the composition of milk metabolites, which has corresponding effects on milk flavor and quality. It is quite important to study the safe quality control of milk processing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify metabolites at different steps of ultra‐high‐temperature‐sterilized (UHT) milk processing using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). These steps included raw milk, pasteurized milk (80°C for 15 s), semi‐finished milk (after pasteurizing, it was homogenized at 75°C with pressure of 250 bar), UHT milk (at 140°C for 10 s), and finished milk (homogenized UHT milk). A total of 66 metabolites were identified across all samples, including 30 metabolites in the chloroform layers of the milk samples and 41 metabolites in the water layers; 5 metabolites were found in both layers. The metabolites were primarily fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, and organic acids. For example, pasteurized and ultra‐high‐temperature‐sterilized kinds of milk had lactose contents similar to those of raw milk, with increases in saturated fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid. Additionally, these findings indicated that these methods of processing can affect the contents of some components of milk. Therefore, from the perspective of milk's nutritional value and consumer health, the excessive heating of dairy products should be avoided and the milk heat treatment process should be standardized from the source.
“Connection, community and convenience”: A case study of a Facebook group for fathers navigating parenthood
Authors: Mancini Vincent O. , Takeda Ryan , Nagar Anjali , Robison Bruce W. S.
Published: April 2023

Issues addressed

Fathers remain less likely to participate in parenting interventions which can limit their ability to receive support and build their parenting capacity. The advent of social media has engendered novel opportunities for fathers to connect with, and support, one another in the form of online peer support. Growth of these online communities exemplifies the demand from fathers to relate to other fathers who are navigating parenthood. However, the benefits of membership to these communities remain unclear. This study evaluated the perceived benefits of members of an online father‐to‐father, community‐created and moderated Facebook group designed for Australian fathers in both rural and metropolitan regions.

Methods

One‐hundred and forty‐five Australian fathers (aged 23–72 years) who were members of the same online fathering community completed an online survey where they qualitatively described their experiences as members of this community.

Results

Content analysis of open‐ended survey questions revealed that fathers identified a series of unique and important personal and familial benefits, which were largely attributed to their ability to connect with fellow fathers. Specifically, the opportunity to have convenient access to a safe space for fathers to connect was highly valued, providing fathers with opportunities to support, discuss and normalise parenting experiences.

Conclusions

Online father‐to‐father connection is a highly valued resource for fathers who are navigating parenthood.

So what?

Online, community‐led groups for fathers contribute to perceptions of genuineness and ownership by its members and provide a unique opportunity to connect and seek support for parenting.
The effect of problematic smartphone use on school engagement and disengagement among middle school students: The mediating role of academic procrastination and sleep quality
Authors: Li Boyang , Gu Yue , Yang Yuchuan , Zhao Minxiang , Dong Yan
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Although a few research have tried to explore the relationship between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and school engagement, most of them are limited to relatively simple correlation, and the mechanism needs to be further explored. This research focused on the relationship between PSU and school engagement/disengagement, and intended to verify two mediation paths.

Methods

We conducted two studies in 2019 at a middle school in China. 289 students (44.6% girls), aged 11–18 (Mage = 13.25, standard deviation [SD] = 1.73), participated in Study 1, a longitudinal cross‐lag analysis intend to verify the relationship between PSU and school engagement/disengagement. Using a separate sample, Study 2 explored the mediating roles of academic procrastination and sleep quality. Four hundred thirty‐two students aged 11–19 (42.1% girls, Mage = 16.11, SD = 1.56) participated in this cross‐sectional study. In both studies, all participants completed self‐report measures in classrooms during regular school hours.

Results

In Study 1, the results showed that PSU (T1) could significantly predict school engagement/disengagement (T2), but school engagement/disengagement (T1) could not predict PSU (T2). In Study 2, we found that academic procrastination could mediate the effect of PSU on school engagement, and sleep quality could mediate the effect of PSU on both school engagement and disengagement.

Conclusions

Results highlighted that the school engagement/disengagement of adolescents can be influenced by PSU through several different ways, through which we can protect adolescents from the negative effects of PSU.
A Cultural‐Based approach to address substance use among urban Native American young adults
Authors: Kelley Melessa , Lowe John , Greywolf Cynthia , Wimbish‐Tompkins Rose , Menon Usha
Published: April 2023

Native American young adults residing in urban communities are particularly vulnerable to substance use. After leaving high school, the pressures and stress of continuing education, finding employment, and the responsibilities related to family and tribal community obligations predispose these young adults to substance use. This study used a pre/post test design to evaluate a cultural‐based Talking Circle intervention for the prevention of substance use among urban Native American young adults, ages 18–24. Three measures were used that included the Native‐Reliance Questionnaire, the Indigenous‐Global Assessment of Individual Needs (I‐GAIN) Substance Use Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) measure for severity of depression. Findings revealed that participants demonstrated a higher sense of Native‐Reliance, decrease in substance use, and a decrease in the PHQ‐9 depressions scores from baseline to 6‐month postintervention. These findings validate the importance of cultural‐based interventions for the prevention of substance use among urban Native American young adults.
Diagnostic value of multimodal ultrasound strategies in the differentiation of non‐mass‐like breast lesions
Authors: Wang Fuxia , Wang Wen , Sun Nan , Ma Liqiong , Zhang Qian
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of convention ultrasound (US), Angio PLUS microvascular US imaging (AP), and shear‐wave elastography (SWE) in differentiating malignant and benign non‐mass‐like (NML) breast lesions.

Methods

Sixty patients aged 21–70 years with 60 NML lesions were recruited. All patients were examined by conventional US, AP, and SWE. According to the pathological results, the performances of the multimodal US strategies were analyzed, while the diagnostic efficiency of AP and SWE in serial and parallel was also explored.

Results

Age, together with posterior features, microcalcification, and architectural distortion were considered significant in evaluating NML lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of AP combined SWE in serial were 72.7, 96.3, 96.0, 74.3, and 83.3%, while those in parallel were 90.9, 63.0, 75.0, 85.0, and 78.3%, respectively. The two in serial indicated the highest specificity, PPV, accuracy, and AUC value, which could increase the true positive rate and reduce the chance of misdiagnosis, while the two in parallel exhibited the best sensitivity and NPV, which might serve as an effective tool to avoid excessive or nonessential biopsy.

Conclusion

The multimodal US strategies could provide precise and reliable diagnostic results for NML breast lesions.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders among healthcare professionals at a tertiary Australian hospital
Authors: Nagarethinam Meena , Webster Hannah , Lee Shok Yin , Con Danny , Shen Emily
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, characteristics, and associations of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) among healthcare professionals.

Methods

A qualitative survey was conducted among the staff at a tertiary Australian hospital between January 2017 and June 2018. Rome III criteria (excluding endoscopic) were used to define FGID. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore associations.

Results

Of the 274 respondents (17% doctors, 66% nurses, 17% others; 77% female), 54% had experienced GI symptoms ≥3 times per week and 23% were diagnosed with FGIDs (2% IBS, 19% FD, 2% both). GI symptoms were more common in females (58% vs. 38%), Caucasians versus Asians (59% vs. 35%), respondents who were easily (67% vs. 40%) or often stressed (58% vs. 37%), and had irregular working hours (62% vs. 46%, each P < 0.05). Independent predictors of GI symptoms included being easily stressed (OR 2.7) and female sex (OR 2.4), while Asian ethnicity was protective (OR 0.42, each P < 0.05). FGIDs were more prevalent in respondents who often felt stressed (27% vs. 10%), felt easily stressed (29% vs. 17%), and in nurses compared to others (27% vs. 16%; each P < 0.05). The only independent predictor of FGID was being often stressed (OR 4.1, P = 0.011).

Conclusions

FGIDs and GI symptoms are prevalent among hospital workers. Stress, female sex, irregular working hours, and non‐Asian ethnicity appeared to be associated with GI symptoms and FGIDs.