bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the degree of proximal nerve fascicle rotation in healthy controls using ultrahigh‐frequency neuromuscular ultrasound: A pilot study
Authors: Meiling James B. , Penry Vanessa Baute , Miller Nicholas J. , Cartwright Michael S. , Sangio Christian A. , Gandhi Mehta Rachana K.
Published: November 2024

Introduction/Aims

Ultrahigh‐frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) allows improved visualization and higher resolution images of nerve fascicles than standard high‐frequency ultrasound. Dynamic UHFUS may detect the presence of fascicular entwinement, the recently described sonographic phenomenon of pathologic fascicular rotation seen in neuralgic amyotrophy. This pilot study aims to establish normative reference values and degrees of fascicular rotation for the proximal portions of commonly involved upper limb nerves in healthy controls using UHFUS.

Methods

Twenty healthy participants underwent sonographic examination of the median, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves on both upper limbs using UHFUS with a 48 MHz linear transducer. A single rater assessed the degree of fascicular rotation in each peripheral nerve.

Results

Fascicular rotation appears to occur in the proximal portion of each of these nerves. The mean degree of fascicular rotation for each of the measured nerves was median 94.5°, musculocutaneous 97.9°, and radial 50.9°. The maximum observed fascicular rotation in each nerve was 180°. Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, and race did not predict degree of fascicular rotation (all p > .103). A single‐factor ANOVA test showed the degree of fascicular rotation differed in median, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves (F = 4.748, p = .011).

Discussion

UHFUS allows quantification of fascicular rotation in healthy controls in the median, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves, and provides normative data. The data from this pilot study may serve as control data for future comparative studies in conditions where fascicular rotation occurs, such as neuralgic amyotrophy.
Cover Image
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Liu Ao , Xu Fujun , Chen Li , Wu Liwei , Jiang Qian
Published: November 2024

The cover image is based on the article Molecular dynamics simulation of polymer wrapping for interfacial characteristics of aligned carbon nanotube/polyimide nanocomposites by Jiachen Zhang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28790.

image
Integrating Tumor Hypoxic Sensing and Photothermal Therapy Using a Miniaturized Fiber‐Optic Theranostic Probe
Authors: Jin Fangzhou , Xu Zhiyuan , Wang Wei , Cheng Zhongyuan , Wu Yang , Li Zesen , Song Enlai , Yue Xu , Zhang Yong Kang , Li Wei , Feng Youzhen , Cao Donglin , Zhang Dongmei , Chen Minfeng , Cai Xiangran , Ran Yang , Guan Bai‐Ou
Published: November 2024

Efficient delivery of photons to visceral organs is critical for the treatment of deep‐seated tumors taking advantage of photo theranostics. Optical fiber can be regarded as a direct and facile photon pathway for targeting tumor lesion. However, current fiber theranostic strategies rely on the spatially separated optical fibers to realize diagnosis and therapy independently, resulting in low compactness, poor continuity of medical process, and incompatibility with current medical technologies. Herein, an integrated fiber‐optic theranostic (iFOT) probe is developed that merges tumor microenvironment sensing and photothermal therapy by functionalizing the fiber with graphene/gold nanostar hybrid materials and hypoxic‐responsive fluorophores. The iFOT probe can quickly detect the hypoxia of xenograft tumors of mice with high sensitivity. The tumors can be photothermally killed on‐site through the same fiber probe tightly followed by detection, which presents a high cure rate. More importantly, the iFOT is highly adaptable to the conventional medical imaging and endoscopic techniques, which facilitates the imaging‐assisted navigation and manipulation by use of the interventional trocar. The proposed strategy can be used as an effective endoscopic and interventional tool for tackling deep‐situated tumor and may open a revolutionized pathway to bridge separate diagnosis and therapy process in the current stage.
Notes from the field: Practical considerations for agent‐based and continuous representations of system dynamics
Authors: Metcalf Sara S. , Wallis Lyle E. , Paich Mark
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider how to leverage the complementary characteristics of agent‐based and stock‐flow representations to maximize the utility of systems modelling at acceptable cost and complexity. The increasing capability of tools available for dynamic modelling renders a wide range of structures that could be implemented in models of complex systems. However, attendant with this analytic capacity is the challenge of choosing between alternative model structures. To assist dynamic modellers in designing projects and selecting techniques appropriate for the problem at hand, this paper poses a set of practical considerations for implementing agent‐based and continuous representations that encode differential equations using stock‐flow structures. Drawing from our collective experiences implementing system dynamics models with different structural forms, we offer recommendations for maintaining a systemic perspective while being open to a multi‐method modelling process.
Good welfare really does come in threes!
Authors: Shuttleworth Fiona , Trees Lord
Published: November 2024

Fiona Shuttleworth, parliamentary veterinary intern to Lord Trees, discusses the three welfare‐related Private Members' Bills drawn from the ballot last month and what they might mean if they become law.
The Potential of Sound Analysis to Reveal Hemodynamic Conditions of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Hemodialysis
Authors: Poloni Sofia , Soliveri Luca , Caroli Anna , Remuzzi Andrea , Bozzetto Michela
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF), the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis, is associated with high failure rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of AVF sound auscultation in providing quantitative information on AVF hemodynamic conditions.

Methods

This single-center prospective study involved six patients with native radio-cephalic AVFs who underwent multiple follow-up visits. Doppler Ultrasound blood flow volume (BFV) assessment and electronic stethoscope-based sound recordings were performed during each visit, whereas MRIs were acquired 3 days, 3 weeks and 1 year after surgery. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed on patient-specific MRI-derived geometrical models.

Results

Higher values of median peak amplitudes ratios (high-low peak ratio-HLPR) were found to be associated with complex blood flow and velocity streamlines recirculation at systolic peak, and corresponding extended regions of high oscillatory shear index (OSI). On the contrary, lower values of HLPR were associated with laminar flow pattern and low values of OSI. Significant differences were observed in HLPR between subgroups with extended or limited areas with OSI > 0.1 (0.67 vs 0.31, respectively). Significant relationships were found between AVF sound intensity and brachial BFV (slope = 0.103, p < 0.01) as well as between longitudinal changes in brachial BFV and HLPR (slope = − 0.001, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Our results show that AVF sound can be exploited to extract fundamental information on AVF hemodynamic conditions, providing indication of the presence of complex hemodynamic and adequate BFV to perform hemodialysis. Sound analysis has therefore the potential to improve clinical AVF surveillance and to ameliorate outcome.
A Convolutional Neural Network-Weighted Cellular Automaton Model for the Fast Prediction of Urban Pluvial Flooding Processes
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Liu Kai , Wang Ming , Zhao Gang , Wu Wei , Yue Qingrui
Published: November 2024

Deep learning models demonstrate impressive performance in rapidly predicting urban floods, but there are still limitations in enhancing physical connectivity and interpretability. This study proposed an innovative modeling approach that integrates convolutional neural networks with weighted cellular automaton (CNN-WCA) to achieve the precise and rapid prediction of urban pluvial flooding processes and enhance the physical connectivity and reliability of modeling results. The study began by generating a rainfall-inundation dataset using WCA and LISFLOOD-FP, and the CNN-WCA model was trained using outputs from LISFLOOD-FP and WCA. Subsequently, the pre-trained model was applied to simulate the flood caused by the 20 July 2021 rainstorm in Zhengzhou City. The predicted inundation spatial distribution and depth by CNN-WCA closely aligned with those of LISFLOOD-FP, with the mean absolute error concentrated within 5 mm, and the prediction time of CNN-WCA was only 0.8% that of LISFLOOD-FP. The CNN-WCA model displays a strong capacity for accurately predicting changes in inundation depths within the study area and at susceptible points for urban flooding, with the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency values of most flood-prone points exceeding 0.97. Furthermore, the physical connectivity of the inundation distribution predicted by CNN-WCA is better than that of the distribution obtained with a CNN. The CNN-WCA model with additional physical constraints exhibits a reduction of around 34% in instances of physical discontinuity compared to CNN. Our results prove that the CNN model with multiple physical constraints has significant potential to rapidly and accurately simulate urban flooding processes and improve the reliability of prediction.
Overload Alarm Prediction in Power Distribution Transformers
Authors: Rafati Amir , Mirshekali Hamid , Shaker Hamid Reza
Published: November 2024

The growing demand for electricity puts more strain on the grid, requiring automated and proactive strategies such as overload prediction to improve grid maintenance. However, the intermittent nature of power distribution loads makes the prediction more challenging. This paper proposes a novel framework for overload alarm prediction in distribution transformers, aimed at enhancing the reliability and efficiency of grid operations. Leveraging real-world smart meter data and machine learning techniques, the proposed system develops a classification model to predict overloads for distribution transformers. Due to resource constraints, a new strategy is adopted to assess the significance of alarms based on expert observations. Subsequently, a new approach is developed to imitate the experts, leading to an automated decision-making process using random forest. Ultimately, the transfer learning strategy is utilized to predict overload alarms for distribution transformers facing data scarcity in real-world applications. The proposed system demonstrates high accuracy of overload alarm predictions, paving the way for developing more proactive grid maintenance strategies.
Multi-objective optimal trajectory planning for manipulators based on CMOSPBO
Authors: Bao Tingting , Wu Zhijun , Chen Jianliang
Published: November 2024

Feasible, smooth, and time-jerk optimal trajectory is essential for manipulators utilized in manufacturing process. A novel technique to generate trajectories in the joint space for robotic manipulators based on quintic B-spline and constrained multi-objective student psychology based optimization (CMOSPBO) is proposed in this paper. In order to obtain the optimal trajectories, two objective functions including the total travelling time and the integral of the squared jerk along the whole trajectories are considered. The whole trajectories are interpolated by quintic B-spline and then optimized by CMOSPBO, while taking into account kinematic constraints of velocity, acceleration, and jerk. CMOSPBO mainly includes improved student psychology based optimization, archive management, and an adaptive ε-constraint handling method. Lévy flights and differential mutation are adopted to enhance the global exploration capacity of the improved SPBO. The ε value is varied with iterations and feasible solutions to prevent the premature convergence of CMOSPBO. Solution density estimation corresponding to the solution distribution in decision space and objective space is proposed to increase the diversity of solutions. The experimental results show that CMOSPBO outperforms than SQP, and NSGA-II in terms of the motion efficiency and jerk. The comparison results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to generate time-jerk optimal and jerk-continuous trajectories for manipulators.
Performance response analysis and optimization for integrated renewable energy systems using biomass and heat pumps: a multi-objective approach
Authors: Dong Zhang , Qing Zou , Yu Zheng , Haoran Li , Qifan Yang , Rui Zhang , Zhoujian An
Published: November 2024

The focus of this study is to optimize the exploration of biomass-driven multi-energy systems, which include combined heat, power, and gas generation. The objective is to enhance the thermal, environmental, and economic performance indicators of the system. The optimization objectives encompass the quantities of internal combustion engines and air source heat pumps, as well as the dimensions of tanks utilized for anaerobic fermentation. A mathematical model was developed to optimize multiple objectives for combined heat, power, and gas generation systems by employing multi-objective intelligent optimization algorithms. The validation and analysis were conducted using rural residences in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, as a case study. The sensitivity analysis of biomass gasification combined heat and power systems was conducted from both technical and cost perspectives, examining the dynamic impact characteristics on the outcomes of multi-objective optimization. The findings indicate that the annual energy-saving rate of the optimized combined generation system decreased from 3.62% to -6.78%, while the growth in carbon emissions reduction rate increased from 76.05 to 81.38%, and the annual cost-saving rate grew from 0.97 to 14.96%. The power generation efficiency of the cogeneration station and hydraulic retention time were found to have a significant impact on the multi-objective optimization results of the combined generation system among the technical parameters. The unit cost of anaerobic fermentation tanks had a more significant impact on the multi-objective optimization results in terms of cost parameters, compared to the price of biogas residue.
Application of emulgel in muscle-based foods: a review
Authors: Oppong David , Abdullah  , Kaburi Sandra Ama , Lamptey Francis Padi , Chaijan Manat , Panpipat Worawan , Mussa Ngassa Julius , Lyimo Charles Moses , Bawa Nadratu Musah
Published: November 2024

There has been a growing interest in implementing technological food systems to enhance the quality and safety of food items. One such example of this endeavor is the study of the applications of natural biopolymers as food stabilizers. An "emulgel," also known as an emulsion gel, is a gel-like substance that contains a dispersion of emulsion. This emulsion can have a continuous or dispersed phase, creating networks throughout the substance and giving it a semi-solid texture. Gels have garnered significant attention in the food industry due to their ability to be easily shaped and structured and their potential to possess desirable physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. They offer greater stability and controlled release capabilities for the encapsulated bioactive compounds. The review demonstrated that different emulgels exhibit varied relationships between their structure, physicochemical properties, unique applications, and outcomes from different preparation methods. Emulgels enhance the yield, sensory characteristics, and nutritional quality of foods while also controlling lipid oxidation and microbiological development. Emulgels find primary utility in the food business for fat replacement and distribution. Viscosity, temperature, pH, water activity, and ionic strength are influential factors that impact the destabilization mechanisms of emulgels. This article thoroughly summarizes the practical use of emulgels in muscle-based foods and explains their impact on the functioning and quality of such edibles. There is a recommendation to promote the utilisation of emulgels as effective colloids and delivery systems in the future. Additionally, it is proposed that a description of potential new applications in the food industry be provided.
Hydrogel-based soft bioelectronics for personalized healthcare
Authors: Zhang Chuan Wei , Chen Chi , Duan Sidi , Yan Yichen , He Ping , He Ximin
Published: November 2024

Soft bioelectronics have emerged as a promising platform for personalized healthcare, offering improved compatibility with biological tissues. Among various soft materials, hydrogels stand out due to their unique tissue-like properties and multifunctionality. However, the development of hydrogel-based bioelectronics faces three major challenges: (1) achieving a wide range of mechanical properties, from kilopascals to gigapascals, to match diverse tissues from soft brain to stiff tendon; (2) balancing and decoupling various material properties, particularly mechanical and electrical characteristics, and (3) achieving effective implantation and integration with target organs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in hydrogel-based bioelectronics, focusing on strategies to address these challenges. We first explore approaches to tune the mechanical properties of hydrogels, matching them with a wide range of tissues from soft brain tissue to stiff tendons. We then discuss innovative methods to incorporate conductivity into hydrogels while maintaining their mechanical integrity, highlighting recent developments in conductive polymers that show potential in decoupling electrical and mechanical properties. To address the challenge of implantation, we examine emerging concepts in stimuli-responsive hydrogels capable of programmable deformation, enabling targeted attachment and conformability to specific organs. We also categorize and analyze applications of hydrogel-based systems in both wearable and implantable devices, compiling the latest progress in hydrogel bioelectronics at the application level. While significant advancements have been made, integrating multiple functionalities within a single hydrogel-based device remains a considerable challenge. Further research is necessary to develop truly multimodal bioelectronic systems that can seamlessly interface with the human body, ultimately translating these promising technologies into clinical practice.

Graphical Abstract
Linear Algebra for Data Science, Machine Learning, and Signal Processing
Authors: Fessler Jeffrey A. , Nadakuditi Raj Rao
Published: November 2024

Maximise student engagement and understanding of matrix methods in data-driven applications with this modern teaching package. Students are introduced to matrices in two preliminary chapters, before progressing to advanced topics such as the nuclear norm, proximal operators and convex optimization. Highlighted applications include low-rank approximation, matrix completion, subspace learning, logistic regression for binary classification, robust PCA, dimensionality reduction and Procrustes problems. Extensively classroom-tested, the book includes over 200 multiple-choice questions suitable for in-class interactive learning or quizzes, as well as homework exercises (with solutions available for instructors). It encourages active learning with engaging 'explore' questions, with answers at the back of each chapter, and Julia code examples to demonstrate how the mathematics is actually used in practice. A suite of computational notebooks offers a hands-on learning experience for students. This is a perfect textbook for upper-level undergraduates and first-year graduate students who have taken a prior course in linear algebra basics.
Five Innovations That Changed Human History
Authors: Derricourt Robin
Published: November 2024

We live in an era of major technological developments, post-pandemic social adjustment, and dramatic climate change arising from human activity. Considering these phenomena within the long span of human history, we might ask: which innovations brought about truly significant and long-lasting transformations? Drawing on both historical sources and archaeological discoveries, Robin Derricourt explores the origins and earliest development of five major achievements in our deep history, and their impacts on multiple aspects of human lives. The topics presented are the taming and control of fire, the domestication of the horse,and its later association with the wheeled vehicle, the invention of writing in early civilisations, the creation of the printing press and the printed book, and the revolution of wireless communication with the harnessing of radio waves. Written in an engaging and accessible style, Derricourt's survey of key innovations makes us consider what we mean by long-term change, and how the modern world fits into the human story.
Bat Poop Records Fire History
Authors: Dzombak Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Charcoal stored in preserved guano gives researchers a new way to reconstruct regional fire histories.
Nevada Has Loads of Lithium. Here’s Why.
Authors: Howell Evan
Published: November 2024

Nevada is becoming a major producer of lithium, thanks to topography, climate, and geologic serendipity.
Association Between Short‐Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Emergency Attendance for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Hong Kong: A Time‐Series Study
Authors: Li Yun hao , Tong Tan Jing , Hwa Ooi Poh , Jiang Fang , Kan Haidong , Leung Wai K.
Published: November 2024

The relationship between exposure to ambient air pollutants and emergency attendance for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains inconclusive. This study examines the association between short‐term exposure to various ambient pollutants and the risk of UGIB emergency attendance. Data on daily UGIB emergency attendance, ambient pollutants, and meteorological conditions in Hong Kong were collected from 2017 to 2022. A time‐series study using a distributed lag non‐linear model to analyze the data, considering lag days. Stratified analysis was performed based on sex, seasons, and the COVID‐19 pandemic period. The burden was quantified using attributable fraction (AF) and number (AN). The study included 31,577 UGIB emergency records. Exposure to high levels of PM2.5 significantly increased the risk of UGIB emergency attendance from lag day 3 (RR: 1.012) to day 6 (RR: 1.008). High NO2 exposure also posed a significant risk from lag day 0 (RR: 1.026) to day 2 (RR: 1.014), and from lag day 5 (RR: 1.013) to day 7 (RR: 1.024). However, there was no association between UGIB and high O3 levels. The attributable burden of high‐concentration NO2 exposure was higher compared to those of PM2.5. Males and elderly individuals (≥65 years) faced a higher risk of UGIB emergencies, particularly during cold seasons. Our study suggests that both PM2.5 and NO2 exposure are associated with an increased risk of emergency attendance for UGIB. Ambient pollutant exposure has a stronger effect on UGIB in males and the elderly, particularly during cold seasons.
Shear‐Dominant Continental Rifting in Northern Ryukyu Revealed by Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Chen Kai‐Xun , Kuo Ban‐Yuan , Lin Ting‐Jun , Lin Pei‐Ying Patty , Gung Yuancheng , Tan Eh , Kodaira Shuichi , Ishihara Yasushi , Nakamura Mamoru , Arai Ryuta , Lee Fang‐Yi , Hung Shu‐Huei , Chen Kate Huihsuan , Lin Ching‐Ren , Wang Chau‐Chang
Published: November 2024

In this study, we reveal the deformational structure of the crust of the northern part of the Ryukyu Arc and Okinawa Trough using ambient noise tomography. Compared with southern Ryukyu, the northern segment exhibits a wide and shallow basin, a crust without localized thinning, slow extension rates, and highly arc‐oblique, right‐lateral retreat of the Ryukyu Arc. We present both isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic shear‐wave velocity models using data recorded by an ocean‐bottom seismometer array and nearby island stations. The isotropic model demonstrates a monotonic decrease in velocity from the backarc to the forearc, in accord with the accretionary‐prism origin of the latter. The resolved azimuthal anisotropy exhibits arc‐parallel and arc‐perpendicular fast shear‐wave polarization directions in the upper to mid‐crust and the lower crust to uppermost mantle in much of the arc and backarc, respectively. We interpret the arc‐parallel anisotropy as resulting from the anisotropic fabrics aligned by the vertical shearing imposed by the right‐lateral motion of the Ryukyu Arc. The underlying arc‐perpendicular anisotropy may be attributed to horizontal shearing driven by corner flow in the mantle wedge. We found arc‐perpendicular anisotropy in the forearc upper crust, which may reflect crack alignment caused by the collision of the Amami Plateau. The oblique arc retreat and the resolved deformation fabrics in the arc and backarc together attest to the shear‐dominant, transtensional nature of the northern Ryukyu continental rift system. Some of the features in northern Ryukyu may be better explained from the perspective of transtensional rifting.
Experimental performance verification of an intelligent detection and assessment scheme for disturbances and imbalances of three-phase synchronous machine output using coherence estimators
Authors: Mahmoud R. A.
Published: November 2024

In this article, power quality disturbances, such as voltage and current unbalances, series and shunt faults, are monitored in three-phase synchronous machines. Because the imbalances affect machine efficiency and service life, it is essential to figure out whether the three-phase voltages/currents are balanced or unbalanced. An integrated detection algorithm is proposed to detect the unbalanced voltages/currents and various abnormal conditions precisely and quickly, which is based on the coherence estimator. Most existing detection methods require more than one cycle time to determine the contingency conditions, while the proposed technique detects these situations in a fast and discrete protection system. The suggested scheme acquires instantaneous measurements of the three-phase voltages and currents taken at the synchronous machine terminals in order to calculate fifteen coherence coefficients that are utilized to detect and assess any unbalance or trouble accurately and swiftly. A new proposal for imbalance and disturbance indicators based on the coherence estimators is developed in this study. Multiple test cases have been conducted to validate the proposed algorithm capabilities using a real power system, which includes a motor-generator set, a three-phase load and measurement transformers. The experimental results have been revealed that the relay reliability and accuracy percentages have been found to be 98.28% and 98.52%, respectively. The quantitative findings of the imbalance and disturbance assessment are recorded.
Advocating individual-based profiles of elite athletes to capture the multifactorial nature of elite sports performance
Authors: Zentgraf K. , Musculus L. , Reichert L. , Will L. , Roffler A. , Hacker S. , Hilpisch C. , Wiedenbrüg K. , Cermak N. , Lenz C. , de Haan H. , Mutz M. , Wiese L. , Al-Ghezi A. , Raab M. , Krüger K.
Published: November 2024

Elite athletes are high-performance outliers within their specific sports. Even though science seeks to understand the nature of expertise and elite performance, much knowledge remains compartmentalized within subdisciplines. Despite this multidimensionality being acknowledged, an interdisciplinary approach to understanding elite athletes is still rare. This paper synthesizes insights across scientific domains in order to describe the population and individual characteristics of elite athletes. We analyzed diagnostic data from approximately 300 German squad athletes across eight different sports (e.g., gymnastics, volleyball, ice hockey, 3 × 3 basketball etc., agefemale = 18.95 ± 4.84 years, agemale = 19.32 ± 4.19 years) with expertise values ranging from 2 (low expertise) to 16 (high expertise). Data covered muscular strength, lower-body dynamics, muscle-power genetics, blood micronutrients, basic cognitive function, mental health, social support, and training conditions. Results of logistic regressions identified basic cognitive function (B = 0.89) and well-balanced blood micronutrients (B = 1.22) as critical factors distinguishing elite athletes. Additionally, multiple linear regressions suggested that lower-body dynamics (ß = 0.72) is related to increasing expertise values. We examined interactions between determinants of elite performance, and found that social support is positively associated with mental health and training conditions, whereas muscular strength correlates with lower-body dynamics. Focusing on top elite athletes in contrast to semi-elite athletes, we found higher within-group similarities in basic cognitive function and blood micronutrients. Findings indicate the need for a systemic, individualized, and comprehensive model using individual-based profiles.
Propensity score-adjusted analysis on early tirofiban administration to prevent thromboembolic complications during stand-alone coil embolization of ruptured aneurysms
Authors: Bürkle Franziska , Weyland Charlotte S. , Hasan Dimah , Yousefi Farzaneh , Ridwan Hani , Nikoubashman Omid , Wiesmann Martin
Published: November 2024

The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist tirofiban has been shown to prevent thromboembolic events during endovascular procedures, but the benefits and risks of its prophylactic early intraprocedural administration for stand-alone coil embolization of acutely ruptured aneurysms are still unclear. We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of patients treated for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with stand-alone coil embolization. Two study cohorts were compared according to the primary prophylactic antithrombotic medication during the procedure: patients receiving only intravenous heparin (HEP) versus patients receiving tirofiban in addition to heparin prior to final aneurysm obliteration (HEP + TF). Outcome endpoints were the incidence of angiographically visible thrombus formation or distal embolization, and the incidence of periprocedural intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Of 204 cases, 159 were prophylactically treated with HEP and 45 with HEP + TF. Intraprocedural thromboembolic events were less frequent with HEP + TF before and after propensity score matching (PSM) (2.5% vs. 19.7%, p = 0.017). The incidence of ICH and symptomatic ICH did not differ between HEP + TF and HEP before and after PSM (20.5% vs. 30.7%, p = 0.29; and 5.1% vs. 4%, p = 0.88). Early intraprocedural tirofiban administration may be effective in preventing thromboembolic complications during stand-alone coil embolization of acutely ruptured aneurysms without increasing the risk of ICH.
Sustainable production of Pleurotus sajor-caju mushrooms and biocomposites using brewer’s spent and agro-industrial residues
Authors: do Nascimento Deschamps Joara Lúcia , Schulz João Guilherme , Riani Josiane Costa , Bonatti-Chaves Mariane , Bonatti Michelle , Sieber Stefan , Lana Marcos , Wisbeck Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

Brazil is one of the world’s largest beer producers and also a major food producer. These activities generate a large amount of residues which, if disposed of inappropriately, can have adverse effects on the environment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of using these residues for both mushroom cultivation (traditional use) and the production of mycelium-based composites (innovative use). Mushroom production (Pleurotus sajor-caju) was conducted using only brewer’s spent grains (fresh and dried) and also mixed with banana leaves (1:1) or peach palm leaves (1:1), which are residues widely available in the northern region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The productivity of mushrooms cultivated using fresh and dried brewer’s spent grains did not exhibit a statistically significant difference, indicating that this residue can be utilized shortly after its generation in the industrial process, thereby reducing costs associated with production. Combining brewer’s spent grains with banana or peach palm leaves resulted in enhanced mushroom production (0.41 and 0.38 g day−1, respectively) compared to using the leaves as a sole substrate. The mushrooms produced contain sugars and a minimal sodium content, and are considered a source of phosphorus. In addition, no toxic elements (Hg and Pb) were present. The mycelium-based composites produced using the residual substrate (after the mushroom harvest) exhibited better mechanical properties (compressive strength = 0.04 MPa, density = 242 kg m−3, and low humidity sorption) than those produced using fresh substrate. The results demonstrate the synergistic effect of combining the two approaches under investigation. The use of brewer´s spent enhance the mushroom productivity and the residual substrate enhance the mechanical properties of mycelium-based composites. The compressive strength, density, and air humidity sorption properties are essential for determining the potential applications of mycelium-based composites. The use of brewer’s spent grains mixed with banana leaves demonstrated significant promise for mushroom production and subsequent application in the development of mycelium-based composites. These sequential approaches contribute to waste valorization and the rational utilization of natural resources, as the mycelium-based composites are considered for substitution of synthetic materials, thereby promoting sustainability for future generations.
Insights into genomic sequence diversity of the SAG surface antigen superfamily in geographically diverse Eimeria tenella isolates
Authors: Kiang Alice Li-Wen , Loo Shu-San , Mat-Isa Mohd-Noor , Ng Chyan-Leong , Blake Damer P. , Wan Kiew-Lian
Published: November 2024

Eimeria tenella is among the protozoan parasites that cause the infectious disease coccidiosis in chickens, incurring huge economic losses to the global poultry industry. Surface antigens (EtSAGs) involved in host-parasite interaction are potential targets for control strategies. However, the occurrence of genetic diversity for EtSAGs in field populations is unknown, as is the risk of such diversity to the efficacy of EtSAG-based control approaches. Here, the extent of EtSAG genetic diversity and its implications on protein structure and function is assessed. Eighty-seven full-length EtSAG genomic sequences were identified from E. tenella genome assemblies of isolates sampled from continents including North America (United States), Europe (United Kingdom), Asia (Malaysia and Japan) and Africa (Nigeria). Limited diversity was observed in the EtSAG sequences. However, distinctive patterns of polymorphism were identified between EtSAG subfamilies, suggesting functional differences among these antigen families. Polymorphisms were sparsely distributed across isolates, with a small number of variants exclusive to specific geographical regions. These findings enhance our understanding of EtSAGs, particularly in elucidating functional differences among the antigens that could inform the development of more effective and long-lasting anticoccidial control strategies.
Rational design of a carbon nitride photocatalyst with in-plane electron delocalization for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Hao Quanguo , Zhu Yuhua , Li Yuan , Li Zhenhua , Yuan Hong , Ouyang Shuxin
Published: November 2024

Introducing B doping into the π-conjugated system of CN not only induces electron delocalization but enhances the separation and transfer of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. This leads to a 8.6-fold improvement in the photocatalytic H2 evolution.
NMR and molecular simulation studies on the structure elucidation of the amphotericin B ion channel using 13C and 19F labelling
Authors: Umegawa Yuichi , Tsuchikawa Hiroshi , Shinoda Wataru , Murata Michio
Published: November 2024

Solid-state NMR spectra of 13C- and 19F-labelled amphotericin B reveal that seven molecules form an ion channel assembly with ergosterol. Molecular dynamics simulations show this channel generates ion currents consistent with experiments.
Correction: Tuning the electrical conductance of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivatives-PbS quantum-dot bilayers
Authors: Ismael Ali , Wang Xintai , Al-Jobory Alaa , Ning Shanglong , Alotaibi Turki , Alanazi Bashayr , Althobaiti Hanan , Wang Junsheng , Wei Naixu , Ford Christopher J. B. , Lambert Colin J.
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Tuning the electrical conductance of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivatives-PbS quantum-dot bilayers’ by Ali Ismael et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, 12, 14004–14012, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC00478G.
China’s Space Science Satellite Series—A Review and Future Perspective
Authors: Wang Chi , Fan Quanlin , Li Chengyuan , Xu Yongjian
Published: November 2024

The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC, CAS), as the leading institute responsible for the overall management of scientific satellite missions in China, is China’s gateway to space science. NSSC is the cradle of China’s first artificial satellite “Dongfanghong-1” (DFH-1). In the course of more than 60 years’ development, NSSC has led the implementation of “Double Star Program”, the first science-driven space mission in China, and successively implemented a fleet of scientific missions under the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science (Phase I and II), such as the Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE, or Wukong), the Quantum Experiments at Space Scale (QUESS, or Micius), the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT, or Insight), the Taiji-1, the Advanced space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S, or Kuafu) and the Einstein Probe (EP). Currently, the space science satellite series has been established, yielding substantial scientific output. For the future, the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE), a China-ESA joint mission, will be launched in 2025. In addition, the newly released National Mid- and Long-term Program for Space Science Development in China (2024–2050), the first of its kind at the national level, has identified five key scientific themes. A fleet of future scientific missions revolving these themes will deepen mankind’s scientific understanding of the universe.
L’aventure enseignée ? Histoire d’une scolarisation ambivalente des Activités Physiques de Nature au prisme des articles de CO et d’Escalade de la Revue EP.S (1975–2019)
Authors: Morizur Yvon , Harel Sébastien
Published: November 2024

L’objet de cet article est d’étudier le processus de mise en forme scolaire de deux activités associées aux Activités Physiques de Nature : la course d’orientation et l’escalade. Dans le cadre de l’Éducation Physique du second degré, elles sont les plus enseignées dans ce champ d’apprentissage. Pourtant la part de ce groupement dans les programmations reste marginale. Les conditions de scolarisation sont ambivalentes dans la mesure ou l’ancrage à la fois scolaire et social est traversé par un continuum dialectique allant du plus contrôlé au plus aventureux. La Revue EP.S constitue un révélateur permettant d’interroger ce processus de scolarisation. Par une analyse de discours des articles de CO et d’escalade, complétée par des entretiens et une ouverture vers d’autres productions écrites, les résultats caractérisent trois périodes qui traduisent les enjeux du processus de scolarisation de l’aventure enseignée. La première se situe à l’interface d’un héritage lié au plein-air et une montée de la dimension sportive dans ces activités entre 1975 et 1989. Puis de 1990 à 2004 s’ouvre une tendance à l’orthodoxie scolaire marquée par une centration sur les évaluations et les contenus disciplinaires. Enfin de 2005 à 2019, les activités sont présentées comme contributives à l’acquisition du socle commun.
Materials Sustainability in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Bhadoriya Ankita , Patil Bhakti , Vinchurkar Kuldeep , Mane Sheetal , Parambath Anilkumar
Published: November 2024

In the pharmaceutical industry, sustainable materials development is increasingly vital. The environmental impacts of medications emerge across their entire life cycle. While the pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in minimizing these effects during early production stages, opportunities to reduce environmental impacts stemming from drug consumption and disposal are currently limited. The pharmaceutical industry faces growing pressure to integrate sustainable practices into its operations due to environmental concerns and regulatory requirements. Materials sustainability, focusing on the responsible use of resources and minimizing environmental impact, has emerged as a crucial aspect of this transformation. Key strategies include the adoption of green chemistry principles to reduce hazardous substances and waste generation during drug development and manufacturing processes. Biodegradable materials and eco-friendly packaging designs are increasingly favored to
mitigate the industry's impact on landfills and ecosystems. Challenges remain, including the complexity of regulatory frameworks and the need for collaborative efforts across stakeholders to achieve meaningful progress in material sustainability. This review is an attempt to present materials sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry and its pivotal shift toward environmentally responsible practices, driven by innovation, and regulation, aimed to investigate current environmental initiatives within the industry, alongside perspectives and attitudes regarding strategies to tackle environmental challenges and concerns. Sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry requires a holistic and integrated approach, involving every aspect of the business, from supply chain management to product development. By prioritizing sustainability, the industry can contribute to global climate goals while ensuring its own resilience and long-term success.
Polymorphic transition of solid deuterium into broken symmetry phase: Application of Mayer group expansion method
Authors: Yakub E. S.
Published: November 2024

The temperature dependence of the pressure and volume changes during the phase I–phase II polymorphic transition in solid D2 is evaluated using the non-empirical atom-atom interaction model and the Mayer group expansion method for solids, taking into account quantum corrections. The results are compared with existing experimental data and ab initio predictions.
Effects of confinement, impinging shock deflection angle, and Mach number on the flow field of a supersonic open cavity
Authors: Bhaduri Sreejita , Sugarno Mohammed Ibrahim , De Ashoke
Published: November 2024

Cavities exhibit inherent self-sustaining oscillations driven by the coupling between their hydrodynamic and acoustic properties. In practical applications, cavities are often placed within confinements that introduce compression waves, significantly influencing their primary flow characteristics. The oscillations in cavities have widespread applications, such as in fuel–air mixing, heat exchangers, and landing gears. However, when resonance occurs, these oscillations can lead to structural failures. Therefore, understanding cavity oscillations under diverse geometrical configurations and flow conditions is essential. The present study examines the impact of top wall confinement on an open cavity with a length-to-depth ratio (L/D) ratio of 3 at Mach 1.71, along with the effects of varying deflection angles on flow characteristics and the influence of an increased Mach number on configurations with the highest and lowest oscillation frequencies. A three-dimensional numerical investigation is carried out, employing large eddy simulations within the OpenFOAM framework. We analyze the flow fields through the spatial variation of density over time. Fast Fourier Transformation and Wavelet Transformation reveal the frequency content from unsteady pressure signals and illustrate its evolution over time under different conditions. Additionally, reduced-order modeling provides a better understanding of the relationship between frequencies and flow structures of the cavity. Results from these analyses demonstrate that top wall confinement increases oscillation frequency, while greater deflection angles introduce Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in the flow field, reducing the frequency. An increase in the Mach number to 2, further intensifies instability, substantially affecting oscillations.
Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia ilucens) larvae reared on vegetable wastes: effects on growth of village chickens
Authors: Ahmad Zaid , Ramiah S. K. , Jamein Eddy S. , Idrus Zulkifli , Lokman Idris H. , Amirul Faiz M. A. , Fadzlin Samad A. A. , Ghani Afifi A. A. , Zamri-Saad Mohd , Jayanegara Anuraga , Abu Hassim Hasliza
Published: November 2024

Context Black soldier fly larvae are a promising alternative ingredient in poultry feed. They might be able to replace soybean and fishmeal because the have high concentrations of protein and fat, and are also rich in vitamins and minerals, and because partial replacement of soybean and total replacement of fishmeal produce no adverse effect on the growth performance of village chickens. Therefore, they are a suitable replacement for these traditional ingredients in poultry feed. Aims This study determines the nutritive values of black soldier fly larvae and evaluates the effects of feeding diets containing black soldier fly larvae on the growth performance of village chickens. Methods Samples of black soldier fly larvae were subjected to proximate analysis before a total of 280 1-day-old village chicks were randomly divided into four groups. All groups were fed a basal diet with partial replacements of corn and soybean with black soldier fly larvae at 0% (Control), 5% (T1), 10% (T2) and 15% (T3) for 70 days. Each treatment group consisted of seven replicates, with 10 birds per replicate. The bodyweights, bodyweight gains and feed conversion rates were determined. Key results Dry rendered black soldier fly larvae contained 773.0 ± 0.08 g/kg dry matter, 36.1 ± 0.09 g/kg ash, 408.8 ± 0.28 g/kg crude protein, 283.0 ± 0.16 g/kg ether extract and 40.9 ± 0.44 g/kg crude fibre. The larvae also contained 2.041 MJ/kg of metabolisable energy, 20.4 g/kg of calcium and adequate concentrations of vitamins. The feeding trial showed an average bodyweight gain of 1231.45 ± 23.37 g and feed conversion ratio of 2.03 ± 0.15, which were most efficient with Diet T3. Conclusions Inclusion of 15% black soldier fly larvae in diets can enhance the growth performance of village chickens without adverse effects. Implications Partial replacement of soybean and total replacement of fishmeal in the diet of chickens by black soldier fly larvae are not affecting the growth performance of village chickens but might reduce the feed cost.
Cellular-resolution optogenetics reveals attenuation-by-suppression in visual cortical neurons
Authors: LaFosse Paul K. , Zhou Zhishang , O’Rawe Jonathan F. , Friedman Nina G. , Scott Victoria M. , Deng Yanting , Histed Mark H.
Published: November 2024

The relationship between neurons’ input and spiking output is central to brain computation. Studies in vitro and in anesthetized animals suggest that nonlinearities emerge in cells’ input–output (IO; activation) functions as network activity increases, yet how neurons transform inputs in vivo has been unclear. Here, we characterize cortical principal neurons’ activation functions in awake mice using two-photon optogenetics. We deliver fixed inputs at the soma while neurons’ activity varies with sensory stimuli. We find that responses to fixed optogenetic input are nearly unchanged as neurons are excited, reflecting a linear response regime above neurons’ resting point. In contrast, responses are dramatically attenuated by suppression. This attenuation is a powerful means to filter inputs arriving to suppressed cells, privileging other inputs arriving to excited neurons. These results have two major implications. First, somatic neural activation functions in vivo accord with the activation functions used in recent machine learning systems. Second, neurons’ IO functions can filter sensory inputs—not only do sensory stimuli change neurons’ spiking outputs, but these changes also affect responses to input, attenuating responses to some inputs while leaving others unchanged.