bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consistent condom utilization among sexually active HIV positive individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Endeshaw Destaw , Dessie Getenet , Kasa Ayele Semachew , Endalamaw Aklilu , Tesfaye Tadesse Dagget , Birhanu Shiferaw , Abate Teshager Woldegiyorgis , Afewerk Sahileslassie , Bogale Eyob Ketema , Workineh Yinager
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to ascertain the pooled prevalence and trend of consistent condom use in Sub-Saharan Africa, addressing the fragmented and inconsistent research on its role in preventing HIV transmission. In this meta-analysis, we systematically searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, ScienceDirect, Africa-Wide Information (via EBSCOhost), as well as clinical trial registries, and the search engine Google Scholar. All necessary data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format. The data were analyzed using STATA 17 statistical software. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using theI2test. A random-effect model was computed to estimate the pooled rate of consistent condom utilization. This meta-analysis, which included thirty-three full-text studies, found a pooled prevalence of 44.66% (95% CI 18.49–70.83;I2 = 0.00%) for consistent condom use in Sub-Saharan Africa. While the prevalence fluctuated between 2007 and 2022, the year-to-year variations were not statistically significant. The current study identified low rates of consistent condom use, with utilization fluctuating annually in the study area. Therefore, uncovering the underlying reasons and addressing barriers to consistent condom use is crucial in the region.
Sulfonic acid-functionalized chitosan–metal–organic framework composite for efficient and rapid conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Darvishi Sima , Sadjadi Samahe , Heravi Majid M.
Published: March 2024

In pursuit of designing a bio-based catalyst for the dehydration of biomass (i.e., fructose) to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, a novel catalytic composite was prepared by in-situ formation of an Al-based metal–organic framework in the presence of chitosan. To enhance the acidity of the as-prepared catalyst, it was sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, XPS, FTIR, SEM/EDX, TGA, and elemental mapping analysis were applied to validate the formation of the acidic composite. Fructose dehydration conditions were also optimized using Response Surface Method (RSM) and it was found that reaction in the presence of catalyst (23 wt%) in DMSO, at 110 °C for 40 min led to the formation of HMF in 97.1%. Noteworthy, the catalyst was recyclable and stable up to five runs with a minor reduction in its activity.
Metal–organic frameworks for petroleum-based platform compound separations
Authors: Zhang Xiaolai , Wang Xiaokang , Gao Fei , Chen Yue , Liu Hongyan , Zhou Pengfei , Kang Zixi , Wang Yutong , Fan Weidong
Published: March 2024

Metal–organic frameworks for the separation of multicomponent petroleum-based platform compounds based on AST (adsorptive separation technology).
Achieving a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield and high stability of CsPbI3nanoplatelets by hydroiodic acid-assisted ligand treatment
Authors: Li Zongnan , Song Yusheng , Cao Sheng , Xing Ke , Du Zhentao , Zou Bingsuo , Zhao Jialong
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield and high stability of CsPbI3nanoplatelets achieved through a hydroiodic acid-assisted ligand treatment strategy, showcasing their application in perovskite LEDs.
Boosting structural variety and catalytic activity of porphyrinic metal–organic frameworks by harnessing bifunctional ligands
Authors: Wu Wei , Lv Xiu-Liang , He Tao , Si Guang-Rui , Huang Hongliang , Xie Lin-Hua , Xie Yabo , Li Jian-Rong
Published: March 2024

High catalytic performance of porphyrin-based MOFs has been achieved by introducing multiple functionality into their ligands and modulating their conformation.
Iodine(iii)-mediated oxidative chlorination, bromination and iodination of chromone derivatives using alkyl halides as the solvent and halogen source
Authors: Zhao Yu-Ping , Liao Jia-Lu , Huang Jiuzhong , Xiang Shi-Kai , Liu Chen-Fu
Published: March 2024

A protocol for iodine(iii)-mediated oxidative chlorination, bromination and iodination of chromone derivatives has been developed using alkyl halide solvents such as CHCl3, CH2Br2 and CH2I2 as the halogen source.
Microscopic modeling of direct pre-equilibrium emission: Impact on exclusive and inclusive (n,xn) and fission channels
Authors: Dupuis Marc , Capote Roberto , Kawano Toshihiko , Kerveno Maëlle , Dessagne Philippe , Henning Grégoire , Hilaire Stéphane
Published: March 2024

We report on a microscopic modeling of the first order of multistep direct emission based on one phonon excitations, given by the QRPA model, and an effective in-medium nucleon nucleon interaction, described within the JLM folding model. The results of our coupled channels framework for deformed target are illustrated in the case of low energy discrete state excitations in 152Sm. Pre-equilibrium predictions and their impact on inclusive and exclusive (n,xn) cross sections and fission cross sections are discussed for actinides. We discuss the importance of i) collective excitations to describe the neutron emission spectra and of ii) spin distribution of the residual nucleus formed after the neutron pre-equilibrium emission, that is a key ingredient to model the residual nucleus decay.
Transport model comparisons for intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Wolter Hermann
Published: March 2024

Transport model comparisons under controlled conditions are performed in order to evaluate the robustness of their predictions in heavy-ion collisions (HICs). Including many of the currently used transport codes comparisons are done in periodic boxes and for typical HICs at intermediate energies in the hadronc regime. In this way we succeed to understand the different results between codes and evaluate different simulation strategies. Ways to arrive at an uncertainty quantification of transport model studies are discussed.
Study of single-nucleon transfer reactions in the 18O+48Ti collision at 275 MeV
Authors: Sgouros O. , Cappuzzello F. , Cavallaro M. , Carbone D. , Agodi C. , Brischetto G.A. , Calvo D. , Lomelí E. R. Chávez , Ciraldo I. , Cutuli M. , De Gregorio G. , Delaunay F. , Djapo H. , Eke C. , Finocchiaro P. , Fisichella M. , Gargano A. , Guazzelli M.A. , Hacisalihoglu A. , Linares R. , Lubian J. , Medina N. H. , Moralles M. , Oliveira J.R.B. , Pakou A. , Pandola L. , Soukeras V. , Souliotis G. , Spatafora A. , Torresi D. , Yildirim A. , Zagatto V.A.B.
Published: March 2024

The study of single-nucleon transfer reactions for the 18O+48Ti system was pursued at the energy of 275 MeV as part of a more systematic study which is undertaken within the NUMEN and NURE experimental campaigns. The aim is to measure the complete set of available reaction network which are characterized by the same initial and final-state wavefunctions as the more suppressed double charge exchange reactions. Understanding the degree of competition between successive nucleon transfer and double charge exchange reactions is crucial for the description of the meson-exchange mechanism. In this respect, angular distribution measurements for one- and twonucleon transfer reactions for the 18O+48Ti system were carried out at theMAGNEX facility of INFN-LNS in Catania. An overview of the data analysis for the 48Ti(18O,19F)47Sc and 48Ti(18O,17O)49Ti reactions will be presented.
Energy-Dependent Fission-Product Yields in the Region of Second-Chance Fission
Authors: Tonchev Anton P. , Malone Ronald C. , Ramirez Anthony P.D. , Silano Jack A. , Stoyer Mark A. , Gooden Mathew E. , Bredeweg Todd A. , Vieira David J. , Wilhelmy Jerry B. , Finch Sean W. , Howell Calvin R. , Tornow Werner
Published: March 2024

The energy dependence of high-yield fission products has been measured using quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams at energies between 5.5 and 11.0 MeV. The absolute number of fissions during the irradiation period was determined via dual-fission ionization chambers, while the fission products were measured via direct g-ray spectroscopy. This paper presents absolute fission product yields from neutron-induced fission of 235U, 238U, and 239Pu isotopes for five incident energies in the second chance fission region.
Optimized simulations of 50Ti(p,α) and 49Ti(d,α) reactions for hospital-cyclotron production of 47Sc
Authors: Barbaro F. , Canton L. , Lashko Y. , Zangrando L.
Published: March 2024

The production of 47Sc, a promising radioisotope for targeted radionuclide therapy, by means of hospital-cyclotron reactions is investigated. Two possible routes are considered: the proton-induced reaction on enriched 50Ti targets and the deuteron-induced reaction on enriched 49Ti targets. The cross sections of the reactions are calculated using the TALYS code with optimized parameters and compared with the available experimental data. The optimal energy ranges for the production of 47Sc are determined by taking into account the thick-target yields and the purity of the product. The results show that both reactions can provide high yields and high purity of 47Sc. The feasibility of producing 47Sc with a hospital cyclotron is demonstrated by performing realistic simulations of the irradiation for both 50Ti(p,α) and 49Ti(d,α) reactions.
Unconditionally optimal error estimates of linearized Crank-Nicolson virtual element methods for quasilinear parabolic problems on general polygonal meshes
Authors: Wang Yang , Yi Huaming , Fan Xiaohong , Li Guanrong
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we construct, analyze, and numerically validate a linearized Crank-Nicolson virtual element method (VEM) for solving quasilinear parabolic problems on general polygonal meshes. In particular, we consider the more general nonlinear term a(x, u), which does not require Lipschitz continuity or uniform ellipticity conditions. To ensure that the fully discrete solution remains bounded in L∞-norm, we construct two novel elliptic projections and apply a new error splitting technique. With the help of the boundedness of numerical solution and delicate analysis of the nonlinear term, we derive the optimal error estimates for any k-order VEMs without any time-step restrictions. Numerical experiments on various polygonal meshes validate the accuracy of theoretical analysis and the unconditional convergence of the proposed scheme.
Research on the media field of tourism culture communication under the background of omnimedia
Authors: Li Meng
Published: March 2024

Tourism culture is an intuitive presentation of local culture. Tourism culture communication is an important part of mass communication. Influenced by the subject, object and media carrier of communication, tourism culture communication has formed the characteristics of content diversification, communication fragmentation and audience differentiation. ’Mass communication ecology ’ puts forward: ’ From the perspective of McLuhan ’s communication ecology, media ecology is the core of communication ecology. In the sense of cultural anthropology, McLuhan regards communication as a civilized phenomenon in the overall sense. He is committed to expounding the psychological and ecological characteristics of contemporary media from the cultural and historical characteristics of media. Therefore, from the perspective of communication ecology theory, studying the field of tourism culture communication media under the background of all media can construct the subject and object of tourism culture communication and analyze the influencing factors of tourism culture communication.
Improved Protocols for the Synthesis of Precursors of Thiazol-2-ylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Tomás-Mendivil Eder , Martin David , Delfau Ludivine , Pecaut Jacques
Published: March 2024

We report improved protocols for the synthesis of thiazolium precatalysts from primary amines, carbon disulfide, and α-halo ketones. For N-alkyl-substituted derivatives, yields of the corresponding thiazolethiones can be dramatically improved by isolating the intermediate dithiocarbamates. In most cases, meta-chloroperbenzoic acid can advantageously replace H2O2 in acetic acid for the oxidation of thiazolethiones into thiazoliums. This approach was applied to the synthesis of a thiazolium featuring a 2-adamantyl N-substituent, the corresponding persistent carbene, and its dimer.
Enantioselective Heterogeneous Heck–Matsuda Reaction with Polymer-Supported PyOx Ligands
Authors: Correia Carlos R. D. , Pastre Julio C. , Herrera Christian L. , Oliveira Rafael L. , Silva Rodrigo C.
Published: March 2024

Carboxymethyl C5-functionalized pyridine-oxazoline (PyOx) ligands are immobilized onto Merrifield and Wang resins utilizing three distinct strategies. The immobilized PyOx ligands are employed in the Pd-catalyzed heterogeneous Heck–Matsuda reaction for the desymmetrization of 3-cyclopenten-1-ol, resulting in the production of 20 examples of aryl-penten-1-ols with yields reaching up to 87%, and enantiomeric ratios ranging between 90:10 and 99:1. These outcomes align with those achieved by the homogeneous counterparts, demonstrating comparable efficiency. Subsequent recycling analysis reveals a progressive decline in catalyst efficiency upon reuse, suggesting the formation of palladium black on the catalyst surface.
Pyros: a raster–vector spatial simulation model for predicting wildland surface fire spread and growth
Authors: Voltolina Debora , Cappellini Giacomo , Apuani Tiziana , Sterlacchini Simone
Published: March 2024

Background Euro–Mediterranean regions are expected to undergo a climate-induced exacerbation of fire activity in the upcoming decades. Reliable predictions of fire behaviour represent an essential instrument for planning and optimising fire management actions and strategies. Aims The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the performance of an agent-based spatial simulation model for predicting wildland surface fire spread and growth. Methods The model integrates Rothermel’s equations to obtain fire spread metrics and uses a hybrid raster–vector implementation to predict patterns of fire growth. The model performance is evaluated in quantitative terms of spatiotemporal agreement between predicted patterns of fire growth and reference patterns, under both ideal and real-world environmental conditions, using case studies in Sardinia, Italy. Key results Predicted patterns of fire growth demonstrate negligible distortions under ideal conditions when compared with circular or elliptical reference patterns. In real-world heterogeneous conditions, a substantial agreement between observed and predicted patterns is achieved, resulting in a similarity coefficient of up to 0.76. Conclusions Outcomes suggest that the model exhibits promising performance with low computational requirements. Implications Assuming that parametric uncertainty is effectively managed and a rigorous validation encompassing additional case studies from Euro–Mediterranean regions is conducted, the model has the potential to provide a valuable contribution to operational fire management applications.
Self-reference as an argumentative tool
Authors: De Cock Barbara , van Laar Jan Albert
Published: March 2024

In this chapter, we analyse how politicians and experts from Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain involved in
the Covid-19 crisis construct self-reference on Twitter (currently X), combining linguistic approaches to person reference and
argumentation theory. On the one hand, we show that uses are fairly similar across the three countries, in spite of the
considerable differences as to government measures concerning the pandemic. On the other hand, differences can be found
between the different professional categories. Whereas politicians mainly use self-reference to build their ethos, the experts
rather support the ethos of others. In showing how these uses contribute to building or employing ethos, we also demonstrate
that these uses can ultimately be understood as having argumentative functions on Twitter.
Self- and other-positioning in eighteenth‑century newspapers
Authors: Bös Birte
Published: March 2024

This study takes a sociopragmatic perspective on processes of self- and other-positioning in
eighteenth-century newspapers. A case study of the adversarial separation of Edward Topham and John Bell, the makers of the
highly successful newspaper The World, will reveal the complexities of indexical practices in negotiating
positions and responsibilities. Evidence of their feud was mainly found in Bell’s new paper, The Oracle,
which was launched in June 1789. Drawing on Reisigl and Wodak’s (2001) framework of
positive self- and negative other-presentation, this study particularly explores the referencing and predication strategies,
but also some of the perspectivation and argumentation strategies employed in a kaleidoscopic dataset including Bell’s
inaugural comment and a range of further newspaper genres. While the processes of positioning provide evidence of the
self-serving bias, i.e. “a tendency for people to take personal responsibility for their desirable outcomes yet externalize
responsibility for their undesirable outcomes” (cf. Shepperd et al. 2008: 895–896),
they were probably carefully planned with the formation of public opinion and marketing effects in mind.
NiCo2O4@SnS2 nanosheets on carbon cloth as efficient bi-functional material for high performance supercapacitor and sensor applications
Authors: Bibi Maria , Yu Yanlong , Nisar Amjad , Zafar Amina , Liu Yanguo , Karim Shafqat , Mehboob Sheeraz , Faiz Yasir , Sun Hongyu , Ali Tahir , Khalid Atia , Safdar Amna , Faiz Faisal , Ahmad Mashkoor
Published: March 2024

Bi-functional materials provide an opportunity for the development of high-performance devices. Up till now, bi-functional performance of NiCo2O4@SnS2 nanosheets is rarely investigated. In this work, NiCo2O4@SnS2 nanosheets were synthesized on carbon cloth by utilizing a simple hydrothermal technique. The developed electrode (NiCo2O4@SnS2/CC) was investigated for the detection of L-Cysteine and supercapacitors applications. As a non-enzymatic sensor, the electrode proved to be highly sensitive for the detection of L-cysteine. The electrode exhibits a reproducible sensitivity of 4645.82 μA mM−1 cm−2 in a wide linear range from 0.5 to 5 mM with a low limit of detection (0.005 μM). Moreover, the electrode shows an excellent selectivity and long-time stability. The high specific surface area, enhanced kinetics, good synergy and distinct architecture of NiCo2O4@SnS2 nanosheets produce a large number of active sites with substantial energy storage potential. As a supercapacitor, the electrode exhibits improve capacitance of 655.7 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 as compare to NiCo2O4/CC (560 F g−1). Moreover, the electrode achieves 95.3% of its preliminary capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Our results show that NiCo2O4@SnS2/CC nanosheets possess binary features could be attractive electrode material for the development of non-enzymatic biosensors as well as supercapacitors.
Facile and cost-effective fabrication of wearable alpha-naphtholphthalein-based halochromic sensor for wound pH monitoring
Authors: Seo Hee Sung , Lim Hyejin , Lim Taekyung , Seo Keumyoung , Yang Jonguk , Kang Youngsoo , Han Shin Ji , Ju Sanghyun , Jeong Sang-Mi
Published: March 2024

The sensor, designed to be worn directly on the skin, is suitable for real-time monitoring of the recovery level of not only general wounds, but also difficult-to-heal wounds, such as those with chronic inflammation. Notably, healthy skin has a pH range of 4–6. When a wound occurs, the pH is known to be approximately 7.4. In this study, alpha-naphtholphthalein (Naph) was immersed in a cotton-blended textile to produce a wearable halochromic sensor that clearly changed color depending on the pH of the skin in the range 6–9, including pH 7.4, which is the skin infection state. The coating was performed without using an organic solvent by dissolving it in micelle form using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, a surfactant, in water. Naph-based halochromic sensor shows light yellow, which is the dye’s own color, at pH 6, which is a healthy skin condition, and gradually showed a clear color change to light green-green-blue as pH increased. Even after washing and drying by rubbing with regular tap water, the color change due to pH was maintained more than 10 times. Naph-based halochromic sensors use a simple solution production and coating method and are not only reusable sensors that can be washed with water but also use environmentally friendly water, making them very suitable for developing commercial products for wound pH monitoring. In addition, it can be easily applied to medical supplies, such as medical gauze, patient clothes, and compression bandages, as well as everyday wear, such as clothing, gloves, and socks. Therefore, it is expected to be widely used as a wound pH sensor, allowing real-time monitoring of the skin condition of individuals with chronic skin inflammation, including patients requiring wound recovery.
Circular polarization sensitive opto-neuromorphic operation at plasmonic hot electron transistor using chiral gold nanoparticles
Authors: Namgung Seok Daniel , Kim Ryeong Myeong , Han Jeong Hyun , Nam Ki Tae
Published: March 2024

Opto-neuromorphic operation is critical for biological system to recognize the visual objects and mimicking such operation is important for artificial prosthesis as well as machine vision system for industrial applications. To sophisticatedly mimic biological system, regulation of learning and memorizing efficiency is needed, however engineered synthetic platform has been lack of controllability, which makes huge gap between biological system and synthetic platform. Here we demonstrated controllable learning and memorizing opto-neuromorphic operation at plasmonic hot electron transistor. Especially, circularly polarized light (CPL) sensitive synaptic characteristics and learning experience capability are enabled by incorporating chiral plasmonic nanoparticle. Furthermore, gate voltage gives rise to controllable neuromorphic operation due to hot electron injection and trapping effect, resulting in high remaining synaptic weight of ∼70% at negative gate voltage under CPL excitation. We believe that this discovery makes significant leap toward on-demand in-sensor computing as well as toward bio-realistic device.
Through the ages: a commentary on ‘Diversification of quantitative morphological traits in wheat’
Authors: Burgess Alexandra J
Published: March 2024

This article comments on:

Yixiang Shan and Colin P. Osborne, Diversification of quantitative morphological traits in wheat, Annals of Botany, Volume 133, Issue 3, 1 March 2024, Pages 413–426 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad202
High yield clinical applications for photon counting CT in neurovascular imaging
Authors: Madhavan Ajay A , Bathla Girish , Benson John C , Diehn Felix E , Nagelschneider Alex A , Lehman Vance T
Published: March 2024

Photon-counting CT (PCCT) uses a novel X-ray detection mechanism that confers many advantages over that used in traditional energy integrating CT. As PCCT becomes more available, it is important to thoroughly understand its benefits and highest yield areas for improvements in diagnosis of various diseases. Based on our early experience, we have identified several areas of neurovascular imaging in which PCCT shows promise. Here, we describe the benefits in diagnosing arterial and venous diseases in the head, neck, and spine. Specifically, we focus on applications in head and neck CT angiography (CTA), spinal CT angiography, and CT myelography for detection of CSF-venous fistulas. Each of these applications highlights the technological advantages of PCCT in neurovascular imaging. Further understanding of these applications will not only benefit institutions incorporating PCCT into their practices but will also help guide future directions for implementation of PCCT for diagnosing other pathologies in neuroimaging.
Kidney involvement in Wilson's disease: a review of the literature
Authors: Dang Julien , Chevalier Kevin , Letavernier Emmanuel , Tissandier Come , Mouawad Sarah , Debray Dominique , Obadia Mickaël , Poujois Aurélia
Published: March 2024

Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare inherited disease due to the mutation of the ATP7B gene, resulting in impaired hepatic copper excretion and its pathological accumulation in various organs such as the liver, the nervous system, or the kidneys. Whereas liver failure and neuropsychiatric disorders are the most common features, less is known about the renal complications. We conducted a review of the literature to define the characteristics and pathophysiology of kidney involvement during WD. This review shed light on strong evidence for direct copper toxicity to renal tubular cells. Excessive tubular copper accumulation might present with various degrees of tubular dysfunction, ranging from mild hydroelectrolytic and acid–base disorders to complete Fanconi syndrome. Proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis also favors development of nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and bone metabolism abnormalities. Indirect complications might involve renal hypoperfusion as occurs in hepatorenal or cardiorenal syndrome, but also tubular casts’ formation during acute hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, or bile cast nephropathy. Acute kidney failure is not uncommon in severe WD patients, and independently increases mortality. Finally, specific and long-term therapy by D-penicillamin, one of the most efficient drugs in WD, can cause glomerular injuries, such as membranous nephropathy, minimal-change disease, and, rarely, severe glomerulonephritis. Altogether, our study supports the need for interdisciplinary evaluation of WD patients involving nephrologists, with regular monitoring of tubular and glomerular functions, to provide adequate prevention of renal and bone involvement.
Seismic scattering regimes from multiscale entropy and frequency correlations
Authors: Eaton Will , Haindl Claudia , Nissen-Meyer Tarje
Published: March 2024

Seismic-wave scattering is observed, to variable degrees, on Earth, its moon and Mars. Current scattering models and data processing typically rely on two end-member phenomena: weak, single- or multiple-scattering events (ballistic) on the one hand, or intense scattering such that the wavefield retains no path information or bearing on its origin (diffuse).This study explores the existence of scattering behaviour intermediate between these end-members, as well as the properties of heterogeneous media that facilitate a transition between them. We apply multiscale entropy and frequency-correlation analysis to seismic coda, and observe a distinct transitional behaviour is present within a part of the investigated parameter space. Analysis of terrestrial, lunar and Martian seismograms further demonstrate the applicability of these new methods across a wide range of scattering behaviours, while also highlighting their shortcomings. Results from the planetary data indicate partially non-diffuse behaviour and low complexity within specific bandwidths of lunar wavefields, potentially contradicting the current paradigm that lunar wavefields are diffuse, and require continued study. Furthermore, Martian seismograms are shown to possess greater statistical entropy than lunar seismograms and diffuse energy properties, yet still display distinct phase arrivals, suggesting substantial scattering and transitional scattering behaviour on Mars. The robust, comparative nature of multiscale entropy and frequency-correlation analysis, applied to idealised simulation as well as three separate planetary bodies, provides a promising framework for future exploration of scattered wavefields across ballistic, transitional and diffuse regimes, that complements existing methods.
A Novel Approach for Single-Step Analyte Fractionation of Raw Milk Prior to Antibiotic Residue Trace Analysis as an Alternative to QuEchERS-Based Extraction
Authors: Steils Jan-Michael , Lang Maren , Kraus Melina , Schöne Klaus , Cashman John , Baumgartner Christian
Published: March 2024

Background

Antibiotic residues in milk are a well-known hazard in the dairy food chain. Detection methods for these residues, such as nonspecific microbiological inhibitor tests or group-specific receptor tests, are relatively inexpensive, easy to use, and widely applied to ensure food safety. In contrast, specific detection by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)—although a critical, complimentary method to confirm the results of nonspecific testing—is relatively costly, time-consuming, and laborious. Furthermore, sample processing before LC–MS/MS analysis requires unique preparation procedures for different groups of antibiotic compounds.

Objective

To simplify and speed up specific antibiotic residue detection, a low-cost, passive, and single-step method to fractionate analytes in raw milk was developed.

Methods

Untreated raw milk was fractionated into its water and fat/protein phases using a Fractionation of Milk for Trace Analysis of Contaminants and Residues for Antibiotics (FraMiTrACR® AB) fractionation unit. The water fraction was then analyzed by LC–MS/MS. The analyte fractionation method was evaluated against a Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS)-based method for sample preparation.

Results

Our method allows qualitative and quantitative detection of substances from the penicillin, cephalosporin, macrolide, lincosamide, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone groups of antibiotics. Detection limits are below the legally prescribed maximum residue levels, allowing reliable, specific, and rapid validation of a positive result in nonspecific microbiological inhibitor tests.

Conclusion

Analyte fractionation by FraMiTrACR AB is a faster alternative to QuEChERS-based sample preparation for the detection of antibiotic substances in milk.

Highlight

This method describes a low-cost, environmentally friendly, passive, and single-step milk analyte fractionation. As an alternative to QuEChERS-based preparation, this fractionation method simplifies and speeds up the process for specific antibiotic residue detection.
Influence of temperature variability on the feeding behavior and blood consumption of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Álvarez-Duhart Bárbara , Cavieres Grisel , González Avia , Cattan Pedro E , Bozinovic Francisco , Clavijo-Baquet Sabrina
Published: March 2024

The transmission and incidence of vector-borne diseases rely on vector distribution and life history traits such as survival, fecundity, and feeding. Since arthropod disease vectors are ectotherms, these vital rates are strongly influenced by temperature. Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite is transmitted when the feces of the infected triatomine enter the bloodstream of the host. One of the most important vector-species of this disease in the Southern Cone region of South America is Triatoma infestans. In this study, we evaluated the role of constant and variable environmental temperature on the feeding behavior of T. infestans. Fifth-instar nymphs were acclimatized to 4 thermal treatments comprising 2 temperatures (27 °C and 18 °C) with and without diurnal thermal variability (27 ± 5 °C and 18 ± 5 °C). Individuals were fed weekly for 7 wk to quantify their feeding. Our results showed lower feeding frequency in nymphs acclimatized to cold temperature compared to those from warmer temperature treatments. However, treatments with thermal variability presented a nonlinear effect on feeding, with an increased feeding rate in the cold, variable treatment and a decreased feeding rate in the warm, variable treatment. Individuals maintained under cold treatments, the variable temperature exhibited a higher feeding rate and the lowest amount of ingested blood among all treatments. Thus, natural diurnal temperature variation cannot be ignored if we are to make more accurate T. cruzi transmission risk predictions now and in the future.
Empowering social media users: nudge toward self-engaged verification for improved truth and sharing discernment
Authors: Tu Fangjing
Published: March 2024

How can we empower social media users to better discern the veracity of news and share less false news? This survey experiment (N = 636) assessed the effectiveness of two interventions—signing a Pro-Truth Pledge and utilizing a Fact-Checking Guide. Results showed that utilizing the Fact-Checking Guide increased skepticism of news posts, likelihood to verify news posts, verification engagement, and reduced intention to share news without regard to news veracity. Before and after comparisons indicated that after verification engagement activities, truth and sharing discernment improved with higher factual accuracy ratings for true news, lower accuracy ratings for false news, and a greater likelihood to share true news compared to false news. Individual’s engagement in verification was identified as a crucial mechanism through which the Fact-Checking Guide intervention led to better truth and sharing discernment. The study could inform social media designs that promote a truthful news environment.
Modeling of a tissue expander with a radiofrequency identification port in postmastectomy radiation therapy planning
Authors: Matsubayashi Fumiyasu , Takahashi Taro , Miyauchi Hikaru , Ito Yasushi , Harada Arisa , Yoshioka Yasuo
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose attenuation of Motiva Flora® (Flora, Establishment Labs, Alajuela, Costa Rica) tissue expander with a radiofrequency identification port locator and to develop a model for accurate postmastectomy radiation therapy planning. Dose attenuation was measured using an EBT3 film (Ashland, Bridgewater, NJ), and the optimal material and density assignment for the radiofrequency identification coil for dose calculation were investigated using the AcurosXB algorithm on the Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) treatment planning system. Additionally, we performed in vivo dosimetry analysis using irradiation tangential to the Flora tissue expander to validate the modeling accuracy. Dose attenuations downstream of the Flora radiofrequency identification coil was 1.29% for a 6 MV X-ray and 0.99% for a 10 MV X-ray when the coil was placed perpendicular to the beam. The most suitable assignments for the material and density of the radiofrequency identification coil were aluminum and 2.27 g/cm3, respectively, even though the coil was actually made of copper. Gamma analysis of in vivo dosimetry with criteria of 3% and 2 mm did not fail in the coil region. Therefore, we conclude that the model is reasonable for clinical use.
Inhibition of intracellular ATP synthesis impairs the recruitment of homologous recombination factors after ionizing radiation
Authors: Hayashi Ryota , Okumura Hikaru , Isono Mayu , Yamauchi Motohiro , Unami Daiki , Lusi Rahmartani Tania , Yamamoto Masamichi , Kato Yu , Uchihara Yuki , Shibata Atsushi
Published: March 2024

Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) are primarily repaired by non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination (HR) in human cells. DSB repair requires adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) for protein kinase activities in the multiple steps of DSB repair, such as DNA ligation, chromatin remodeling, and DNA damage signaling via protein kinase and ATPase activities. To investigate whether low ATP culture conditions affect the recruitment of repair proteins at DSB sites, IR-induced foci were examined in the presence of ATP synthesis inhibitors. We found that p53 binding protein 1 foci formation was modestly reduced under low ATP conditions after IR, although phosphorylated histone H2AX and mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 foci formation were not impaired. Next, we examined the foci formation of breast cancer susceptibility gene I (BRCA1), replication protein A (RPA) and radiation 51 (RAD51), which are HR factors, in G2 phase cells following IR. Interestingly, BRCA1 and RPA foci in the G2 phase were significantly reduced under low ATP conditions compared to that under normal culture conditions. Notably, RAD51 foci were drastically impaired under low ATP conditions. These results suggest that HR does not effectively progress under low ATP conditions; in particular, ATP shortages impair downstream steps in HR, such as RAD51 loading. Taken together, these results suggest that the maintenance of cellular ATP levels is critical for DNA damage response and HR progression after IR.
Microcystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas causing biliary obstruction: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bland Sydney , Thompson III William
Published: March 2024

Cystic tumors account for 15% of pancreatic tumors. Of these, serous microcystic adenomas represent 1–2% of pancreatic exocrine neoplasms. While typically benign, a small percentage possess malignant potential. Given imaging improvements, serous cystadenomas are being identified more frequently. A 63-year-old female was admitted with complaints of jaundice and unintentional weight loss. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a 16 cm obstructive pancreatic mass near the porta hepatis region. Endoscopic ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration biopsy indicated a large pancreatic head cystic mass favoring serous microcystadenoma causing biliary and some pyloric obstruction. Malignant potential could not be ruled out because of size and symptoms. A pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy revealed a cystic tumor invading the pancreatic duct and adhering to the duodenum of the pancreatic head. Pathology confirmed a 15 cm benign pancreatic serous cystadenoma. Although most serous cystadenomas are benign, surgical resection was prudent given the size, symptoms, and adjacent organ involvement.
Stop exsanguination by inflation: management of aorta-esophageal fistula bleeding
Authors: Pagano Kristina M , Fokin Alexander A , Parra Michael , Puente Ivan
Published: March 2024

Aortoesophageal fistula is rare and typically presents itself to the emergency department as Chiari’s Triad of mid-thoracic pain, sentinel arterial hemorrhage, and exsanguination after a symptom-free interval. However, fatal bleeding may be the first and last presentation of an aortoesophageal fistula. When a patient experiences massive hematemesis without witnesses, EMS may assume that bleed is of a traumatic mechanism. We present a case of a 59-year-old male with no previous medical history who was transported to a trauma center unconscious and with massive bleeding of unknown origin. Computed tomography revealed a thoracic aortic aneurysm and an aortoesophageal fistula. Bleeding was not controlled and the patient expired. Trauma bay personnel should follow an algorithm which includes a prompt tamponade of the bleed using a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube or esophageal balloon paralleled by massive transfusion and obtaining an early computed tomography scan to manage patients with massive gastroesophageal bleeding until appropriate surgical interventions can be initiated.
Anterior segment migration of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in a patient with scleral fixation intraocular lens implant: a case report
Authors: ALBalawi Hani B , Alali Naif M , Altemani Abdullah H , Magliyah Moustafa S , ASharari Khaled S , ALRubayyi Maram S , Hashem Faris , Alenezi Saad H
Published: March 2024

Corticosteroids are crucial for treating inflammatory ocular conditions. The development of dexamethasone revolutionized targeted ocular therapy. Ozurdex, a dexamethasone implant, effectively treats various eye conditions but carries risks such as implant migration. This is a case of anterior segment migration of intravitreal dexamethasone implant, Ozurdex, in a patient with scleral fixation intraocular lens implant in whom conservative management with supine positioning and pharmacologic pupil dilation can help retain the implant back in the vitreous. Patients at high risk of Ozurdex migration should avoid its use. Educate patients on the risk of implant migration and signs of migration to present immediately to an ophthalmology emergency department to avoid corneal damage. It is essential to identify high-risk patients before considering Ozurdex migration. In some cases, conservative management can be initiated while preparing for surgical removal.
A diagnostic dilemma: a case report of concomitant duodenal Dieulafoy lesion and gastric ulcer
Authors: Wallace Lauren , Gallagher Peter J
Published: March 2024

Dieulafoy lesions (DL) are an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal bleeding which is often difficult to diagnose due to the rarity of the condition and varying clinical presentations. This case describes an unusual presentation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in an 85-year-old female with findings on two separate gastroscopies of both a gastric ulcer and duodenal DL. The pathophysiology of DL remains poorly understood and despite shared risk factors, these two pathologies are rarely reported concurrently. The presence of a concomitant gastric ulcer further complicated the diagnosis and treatment of the duodenal DL in this case. This highlights the importance of clinician awareness of this pathology and its presentation and the need for early repeat endoscopy.
Understanding diabetic cheiroarthropathy: a focus on clinical presentation
Authors: Persad-Paisley Elijah M , Lee Chanbin , Bhatt Reena A
Published: March 2024

Diabetic cheiroarthropathy (DCA) is a relatively uncommon and underdiagnosed complication of poorly controlled diabetes. It is caused by non-enzymatic glycation of collagen that ultimately leads to microvascular damage and polyarticular stiffness. If diagnosed early, optimal management of serum glucose levels may lessen joint stiffness and prevent microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. We review the case of a 55-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus who was diagnosed with DCA after complaints of chronic joint stiffness and immobility.
Adult intestinal malrotation presenting as caecal volvulus with incidental findings of duplicate inferior vena cava and other rare abnormalities: case report
Authors: Thomson Samuel R , Hanna Sam M , Sarkar Amit , Das Atandrila , Perera Dayashan S
Published: March 2024

Intestinal malrotation and duplication of the inferior vena cava are rarely diagnosed in adult patients; however, incidence is likely underestimated as they are usually asymptomatic. These congenital malformations have been previously reported in the same patient twice but never with colonic obstruction or ischaemia. A 25-year-old female presented with nausea, vomiting, obstipation, and abdominal pain, and on computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was diagnosed with a caecal volvulus and pneumatosis coli associated with intestinal malrotation requiring emergency right hemicolectomy. Incidentally, the patient was noted to have duplication of the inferior vena cava, azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava, and splenic fragmentation. This constellation of symptoms has not been reported in the literature previously. The pattern of malformations follows that of polysplenia syndrome. Although rare, awareness of these malformations can be useful to clinicians.
Concurrent, Web-First, or Web-Only? How Different Mode Sequences Perform in Recruiting Participants for a Self-Administered Mixed-mode Panel Study
Authors: Christmann Pablo , Gummer Tobias , Häring Armando , Kunz Tanja , Oehrlein Anne-Sophie , Ruland Michael , Schmid Lisa
Published: March 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many survey programs switched to self-administered modes of data collection, often offering respondents both web-based and paper-based questionnaires. However, there is little guidance as to when to offer which mode, especially when the aim is to recruit participants for a panel survey. This study examines the effectiveness of different mode-sequence designs by analyzing an experiment implemented in the recruitment wave of the German panel study “Family Research and Demographic Analysis.” We randomly assigned 108,256 individuals aged 18–49 years to one of three mode-sequence-design conditions: concurrent, web-first including a paper-based questionnaire with the second reminder (web-first-2), and web-first including a paper-based questionnaire with the third reminder (web-first-3). A fourth, simulated group did not receive a paper-based questionnaire (web-only). We analyzed how different mode-sequence designs affected outcome rates, sample composition, response distributions, data quality, share of paper-based questionnaires, postage costs, number of postal mailings in the recruitment wave, and participation in the first regular wave. Our results show no differences in response distributions and small differences in sample composition across the four mode-sequence designs. As the web-first-2 and simulated web-only designs yielded comparatively good response and recruitment rates at reasonable costs, we recommend their use when surveying adults between 18 and 49 years old.
Reconsidering Sampling and Costs for Face-to-Face Surveys in the 21st Century
Authors: Brick J Michael , Cook Tammy , DeMatteis Jill M , Edwards Brad , Hubbard Ryan , Simas Marcelo
Published: March 2024

Some fundamental factors important for designing multistage face-to-face household surveys in the United States have not been reconsidered since they were established in the 1940s despite vast changes in all aspects of conducting these surveys. This research examines how some changes, particularly data sources and data collection costs, might affect sample designs. Modern data collection methods and tools, address-based household lists, multimode designs, and training and management methods are critical components in the cost structure of today’s surveys. We explore a sample design that uses Census tracts at the first stage rather than counties as traditionally used. The tract design then samples households directly without the additional stages of subsampling of segments in the traditional design. We present statistical and operational issues associated with the designs and discuss the cost implications. Our examination finds that, for household surveys in the United States that include face-to-face data collection, tract designs that have twice as many sampled first-stage units (but the same overall sample size) have roughly the same cost as the county design, with effective sample sizes in the range of about 25 percent higher to as much as four times higher than the county design.
Three novel multiplex PCR assays for rapid detection of virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and toxin genes in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex species
Authors: Sheikh Alexander A , Schneiderman Danielle , Sykes Ellen M E , Kumar Ayush , Chen Wen , Lapen David R , Khan Izhar U H
Published: March 2024

The Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) complex is an often-overlooked group of nosocomial pathogens with a significant environmental presence. Rapid molecular screening methods for virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and toxin (VAT) genes are required to investigate the potential pathogenicity of environmental isolates. This study aimed to develop and apply novel ACB complex-specific multiplex PCR (mPCR) primers and protocols for the rapid detection of eight VAT genes. We optimized three single-tube mPCR assays using reference DNA from ACB complex and other Acinetobacter species. These assays were then applied to detect VAT genes in cultured ACB complex isolates recovered from clinical and environmental sources. Widespread detection of VAT genes in environmental isolates confirmed the validity, functionality, and applicability of these novel assays. Overall, the three newly developed ACB complex species-specific mPCR assays are rapid and simple tools that can be adopted in diagnostic and clinical lab settings. The detection of VAT genes in environmental isolates suggests that environmental niches could serve as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic ACB complex and warrants further investigation. The newly developed mPCR assays are specific, sensitive, and efficient, making them well-suited for high-throughput screening in epidemiological studies and evaluating the potential pathogenicity of ACB complex recovered from various sources.