bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrieving Clear-Sky Surface Skin Temperature for Numerical Weather Prediction Applications from Geostationary Satellite Data
Authors: Scarino Benjamin , Minnis Patrick , Palikonda Rabindra , Reichle Rolf , Morstad Daniel , Yost Christopher , Shan Baojuan , Liu Qing
Published: January 2013

Atmospheric models rely on high-accuracy, high-resolution initial radiometric and surface conditions for better short-term meteorological forecasts, as well as improved evaluation of global climate models. Remote sensing of the Earth’s energy budget, particularly with instruments flown on geostationary satellites, allows for near-real-time evaluation of cloud and surface radiation properties. The persistence and coverage of geostationary remote sensing instruments grant the frequent retrieval of near-instantaneous quasi-global skin temperature. Among other cloud and clear-sky retrieval parameters, NASA Langley provides a non-polar, high-resolution land and ocean skin temperature dataset for atmospheric modelers by applying an inverted correlated k-distribution method to clear-pixel values of top-of-atmosphere infrared temperature. The present paper shows that this method yields clear-sky skin temperature values that are, for the most part, within 2 K of measurements from ground-site instruments, like the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Infrared Thermometer and the National Climatic Data Center Apogee Precision Infrared Thermocouple Sensor. The level of accuracy relative to the ARM site is comparable to that of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with the benefit of an increased number of daily measurements without added bias or increased error. Additionally, matched comparisons of the high-resolution skin temperature product with MODIS land surface temperature reveal a level of accuracy well within 1 K for both day and night. This confidence will help in characterizing the diurnal and seasonal biases and root-mean-square differences between the retrievals and modeled values from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Version 5 (GEOS-5) in preparation for assimilation of the retrievals into GEOS-5. Modelers should find the immediate availability and broad coverage of these skin temperature observations valuable, which can lead to improved forecasting and more advanced global climate models.
Inclusion of the insecticide fenitrothion in dimethylated-β-cyclodextrin: unusual guest disorder in the solid state and efficient retardation of the hydrolysis rate of the complexed guest in alkaline solution
Authors: Cruickshank Dyanne L , Rougier Natalia M , Vico Raquel V , Bourne Susan A , Buján Elba I , Caira Mino R , de Rossi Rita H
Published: January 2013

An anhydrous 1:1 crystalline inclusion complex between the organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion [O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate] and the host compound heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DIMEB) was prepared and its structure elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This revealed two independent host molecules in the asymmetric unit. In one of these, the cavity is occupied by two disordered guest components (distinguishable as rotamers with respect to the P–OAr bond) while in the other, three distinct guest components with site-occupancies 0.44, 0.29 and 0.27 appear, the last having a reversed orientation relative to all the other components. Kinetic studies of the alkaline hydrolysis of fenitrothion in the presence of DIMEB showed a remarkable reduction of 84% in the rate of this reaction relative to that for the free substrate, a value exceeding those previously attained with the native hosts, β- and γ-cyclodextrin, and fully methylated β-cyclodextrin.
Professionnaliser les diplômes et certifier tous les individus : une stratégie française indiscutable ?
Authors: Maillard Fabienne
Published: January 2013

Pour participer à la compétition économique mondiale et s’inscrire dans la société de la connaissance que promeut l’Union européenne, la France a mis en place d’importantes réformes dans les sphères de l’éducation, de la formation et du travail. Cet article s’intéresse à deux de ces programmes, qui bénéficient d’un consensus assez large : la professionnalisation systématique des formations et des diplômes comme réponse aux besoins de l’emploi et des individus ; la certification généralisée des compétences pour garantir l’employabilité et la mobilité des actifs. Fondé sur des travaux de recherche qui portent en même temps sur le système éducatif et sur les relations diplômes-emplois, il met en question les propositions ainsi établies et leur caractère d’inéluctabilité et montre les ressorts de l’appel à « l’individu » qui traverse ces réformes.
Enseigner le projet professionnel personnalisé : une nouvelle approche pédagogique pour les enseignants chercheurs ?
Authors: Leclercq Emmanuelle
Published: January 2013

Dans cet article l’auteure explicite le contexte de la mise en place des enseignements dédiés au projet professionnel personnalisé à l’Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne. L’auteure met en avant que les représentations et l’organisation de cet enseignement sont étroitement liées aux formes de professionnalisation des formations universitaires. L’article montre ensuite que les choix des différents contenus pédagogiques construits par les enseignants chercheurs sont fortement influencés par le modèle de la pédagogie d’orientation. Cependant dans leurs pratiques, ces derniers achoppent devant plusieurs difficultés dont celles d’appréhender les réalités du marché du travail, les compétences comportementales ou la valorisation de l’expérience. L’article montre comment les enseignants chercheurs répondent à ces exigences nouvelles et conçoivent une activité pédagogique orientée vers l’individualisation du projet et du parcours des étudiants.
Campamentos militares asirios durante el reinado de Salmanasar III
Authors: Vidal Jordi
Published: January 2013

El objetivo del presente artículo es el de recopilar y analizar el conjunto de campamentos militares asirios representados en los relieves de Imgur-Enlil. El estudio permite reconstruir las principales características arquitectónicas de los campamentos, así como conocer la evolución en su diseño y la existencia de vínculos de dependencia entre algunos de ellos.
Molde para fundición con relieve de jinete armado procedente de Córdoba
Authors: Hidalgo Prieto Rafael
Published: January 2013

En este trabajo presentamos una placa inédita decorada con un jinete armado procedente del yacimiento arqueológico de Cercadilla en Córdoba. La pieza, de calcarenita muy depurada, está labrada en hueco relieve lo que, unido a algunas de las características que la definen, permite identificarla como una de las valvas de un molde de fundición, destinado a la elaboración de elementos ornamentales de uso indeterminado. La guarnición que porta el jinete, especialmente en lo concerniente al casco, en relación con el contexto histórico-arqueológico del que procede, permite proponer su datación entre la segunda mitad del s. VI y el s. VII d.C. y su identificación con un personaje-tipo de la elite de época visigoda.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis in Late Adulthood
Authors: Cançado Guilherme Grossi Lopes , Freitas Guilherme Gomes , Faria Flavia Helena Fidelis , de Macedo Antonio Vaz , Nobre Vandack
Published: January 2013

We describe a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis related to visceral leishmaniasis in late adulthood. Because clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis can mimic those of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, diagnosing leishmaniasis as the underlying etiology can be quite challenging. In our case, treatment with amphotericin B resulted in a dramatic resolution of clinical abnormalities.
Preliminary investigations toward nighttime aerosol optical depth retrievals from the VIIRS day/night band
Authors: Johnson R. S. , Zhang J. , Hyer E. J. , Miller S. D. , Reid J. S.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. A great need exists for reliable nighttime aerosol products at high spatial and temporal resolution. In this concept demonstration study, using Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) observations on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, a new method is proposed for retrieving nighttime aerosol optical depth (τ) using the contrast between regions with and without artificial surface lights. Evaluation of the retrieved τ values against daytime AERONET data from before and after the overpass of the VIIRS satellite over the Cape Verde, Grand Forks, and Alta Floresta AERONET stations yields a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.71. This study suggests that the VIIRS DNB has the potential to provide useful nighttime aerosol detection and property retrievals.
Comparison of SMILES ClO profiles with other satellite and balloon-based measurements
Authors: Sagawa H. , Sato T. O. , Baron P. , Dupuy E. , Livesey N. , Urban J. , von Clarmann T. , de Lange A. , Wetzel G. , Kagawa A. , Murtagh D. , Kasai Y.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. We evaluate the quality of ClO profiles derived from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station (ISS). Version 2.1.5 of the level-2 product generated by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) is the subject of this study. Based on error analysis simulations the systematic error was estimated as 5–10 pptv at the pressure range of 80–20 hPa, 35 pptv at the ClO peak altitude (~ 4 hPa), and 5–10 pptv at pressures ≤ 0.5 hPa for daytime mid-latitude conditions. For nighttime measurements, a systematic error of 8 pptv was estimated for the ClO peak altitude (~ 2 hPa). The SMILES NICT v2.1.5 ClO profiles agree with those derived from another level-2 processor developed by JAXA within of the bias uncertainties, except for the nighttime measurements in the low and middle latitude region where the SMILES NICT v2.1.5 profiles have a negative bias of ~ 30 pptv in the lower stratosphere. This bias is considered to be due to the use of a limited spectral bandwidth in the retrieval process, which makes it difficult to distinguish between the ClO signal and wing contributions of spectral features outside the bandwidth. In the middle and upper stratosphere outside the polar regions, no significant systematic bias was found for the SMILES NICT ClO profile with respect to datasets from other instruments such as the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR), and the Envisat Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), which demonstrates the scientific usability of the SMILES ClO data including the diurnal variations. Inside the chlorine-activated polar vortex the SMILES NICT v2.1.5 ClO profiles show larger volume mixing ratios by 0.3 ppbv (30%) at 50 hPa compared to those of the JAXA processed profiles. This discrepancy is also considered to be an effect of the limited spectral bandwidth in the retrieval processing. We also compared the SMILES NICT ClO profiles of chlorine-activated polar vortex conditions with those measured by the balloon-borne instruments Terahertz and submillimeter Limb Sounder (TELIS) and the MIPAS-balloon (MIPAS-B).
Combining in-situ measurements and altimetry to estimate volume, heat and salt transport variability through the Faroe Shetland Channel
Authors: Berx B. , Hansen B. , Østerhus S. , Larsen K. M. , Sherwin T. , Jochumsen K.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. From 1994 to 2011, instruments measuring ocean currents (ADCPs) have been moored on a section crossing the Faroe-Shetland Channel. Together with CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) measurements from regular research vessel occupations, they describe the flow field and water mass structure in the channel. Here, we use these data to calculate the average volume transport and properties of the flow of warm water through the channel from the Atlantic towards the Arctic, termed the Atlantic inflow. We find the average volume transport of this flow to be 2.7 ± 0.5 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) between the shelf edge on the Faroe side and the 150 m isobath on the Shetland side. The average heat transport (relative to 0 °C) was estimated to be 107 ± 21 TW and the average salt import to be 98 ± 20 × 106 kg s−1. Transport values for individual months, based on the ADCP data, include a large level of variability, but can be used to calibrate sea level height data from satellite altimetry. In this way, a time series of volume transport has been generated back to the beginning of satellite altimetry in December 1992. The Atlantic inflow has a seasonal variation in volume transport that peaks around the turn of the year and has an amplitude of 0.7 Sv. The Atlantic inflow has become warmer and more saline since 1994, but no equivalent trend in volume transport was observed.
Peyronie's Disease: Endocavernous Plaque Excision without Substitutive Graft: Critical 5-year Experience
Authors: Mantovani Franco , Patelli Emilio , Antolini Claudio
Published: January 2013

Objective

In 2004, the Polish colleague Darewicz published his surgical experience of endocavernous plaque excision avoiding the use of any substitutive graft. Attracted by the extreme simplification in this new technique, we decided to verify such a surgical approach.

Materials and Methods

The separation of the plaque from the overlying albuginea is performed with scissors or scalpel. Once the plaque is removed, the cavernous incision is sutured and the correct straightening is verified. In 5 years, we selected 24 cases of stabilized disease and preserved erection geometrically disturbed by the severe deformity.

Results

We obtained substantial straightening in all cases, even if in 3 cases we added a complementary minimally invasive surgery in the form of a plication, and 2 cases were converted into a graft technique.

Conclusions

Case studies and current controls allow us to say that the impression is quite good, without the need of autologous tissue or heterologous matrices to be inserted, allowing a more comfortable post-operative course and a faster and easier functional recovery.
The Use of Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Generalized Myoclonus in a DogS
Authors: Schubert Tom , Clemmons Roger , Miles Sarita , Draper William
Published: January 2013

A 13 mo old spayed female mixed-breed dog presented in a nonambulatory state that was attributed to severe myoclonus secondary to distemper. The authors hypothesized that mitigating the myoclonus would help the dog become ambulatory and expedite convalescence. They injected the severely affected muscles with botulinum toxin on two separate occasions over a period of 18 days. Those injections reduced the myoclonus, helping the dog become ambulatory and attaining a comfortable, functional state.
Bilateral Appendicular Bone Tumors in Four Dogs
Authors: Selmic Laura E. , Ryan Stewart D. , Ehrhart Nicole P. , Withrow Stephen J.
Published: January 2013

Bilateral synchronous appendicular bone tumors, occurring in the same bone and same anatomic site within the bone are very rare. This report describes the clinical presentation and oncologic outcome for four dogs with this rare presentation. All cases presented to the authors following a history of unilateral lameness for several weeks. On presentation, case 1 had pain elicited in the contralateral proximal humerus but all the other cases had no abnormalities detectable on physical examination of the contralateral limb. All dogs had technetium 99m (99mTc) nuclear scintigraphy performed that identified bilateral lesions of the distal radii in two dogs, proximal humeri and distal tibiae in one dog each. Thoracic radiographs performed on all dogs showed no evidence of pulmonary metastases. Three dogs were treated with palliative radiation therapy (two dogs received concurrent bisphosphonates) resulting in survival times from initial presentation of 50 days, 193 days, and 523 days, respectively. One dog had stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) and a surgical limb-salvage performed followed by carboplatin chemotherapy, resulting in a survival time of 926 days from initial presentation. Palliative and curative-intent treatments for the bilateral synchronous appendicular bone tumors resulted in survival times similar to those reported for treatment of a single primary appendicular bone tumor.
Retrospective Study Comparing Two Materials Commonly Used in the LFS Technique for CCLR
Authors: Lodato Dena , Wardlaw Jennifer , Rowe Dennis
Published: January 2013

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is the most common cause of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the stifle of adult dogs. Over the last several years, a new generation of nonabsorbable, multifilament, polyblend polyethylene orthopedic suture materials have been evaluated for use in the lateral fabellar suture (LFS) technique for surgical treatment of CCLR. This retrospective study compared the short-term outcome of 16 dogs that were treated using the LFS technique using either a proprietary polyblend polyethylene orthopedic suture material (FW) or monofilament nylon leader line (NLL). The FW was significantly more likely to fail compared with the NLL (P = 0.0379). Specifically, the FW was 14.667 times likelier to fail than the NLL. When one and two strands of NLL were compared with FW, the FW was 6 times more likely to fail than one strand of NLL and 32 times more likely to fail than two strands of NLL. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study comparing the two materials used in the LFS procedure performed in clinical cases.
Prolonged Survival in an Aged Labrador Retriever with a Metastatic Insulinoma
Authors: Rychel Jessica , Worley Deanna R. , Hardy Christine S. , Webb Brett T.
Published: January 2013

This case report highlights an unusually prolonged, asymptomatic, disease-free interval in an aged male Labrador retriever that underwent partial pancreatectomy for a functionally active pancreatic insulinoma with histologically confirmed hepatic metastasis. The patient developed pancreatitis and nonseptic suppurative peritonitis 24 hr after surgical resection of the insulinoma and was managed medically until discharge. Three mo after surgery, the dog was diagnosed with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) that was effectively managed with parenteral pancreatic enzymes. Due to normal glucose levels 3 mo postsurgically, liver samples from the initial surgery were resubmitted for immunohistochemistry. Results confirmed insulinoma metastasis with insulin expression. Ten mo postsurgically, the blood glucose was normal and serum insulin levels were slightly above the upper reference limit. The first hypoglycemic episode was documented 23 mo postoperatively, which was effectively managed with prednisone. The cause for the prolonged disease remission and survival was unknown, but was possibly a result of pancreatitis and peritonitis, partial spontaneous regression of metastatic lesions, or idiopathic. Despite life-threatening postoperative complications, this patient enjoyed a profoundly longer than expected survival. This case highlights the importance of removing the primary tumor (insulinoma) despite the presence of metastatic disease.
Networked Sensor - Aided Tracking of Walking Human in Robotic Space
Authors: Jin Taeseok
Published: January 2013

The robots that will be needed in the near future are human-friendly robots that are able to coexist with humans and support humans effectively. To realize this, it is necessary for a robot to carry out human tracking as one of its human-affinitive movements.

In this research, a predictable robotic space is introduced in order for a robot to follow a walking human by the shortest time trajectory. The mobile robot is controlled to follow the walking human using distributed networked sensors. The moving object is assumed to be a point-object and projected onto an image plane to form a geometrical constraint equation that provides position data of the object based on the kinematics of the robotic space. The computer simulation and experimental results on the mobile robot's success in estimating information and following a walking human are presented.
Du filmage au tournage : débrayer l’effet-archives de l’enregistrement cinématographique 1
Authors: Gaudreault André , Marion Philippe
Published: January 2013

Dès lors qu’on appréhende l’appareil de prise de vues comme simple dispositif de filmage (au sens d’enregistrement), tout document filmé se voit doté d’une valeur d’archives. Il conviendrait cependant de distinguer le filmage (qui est un procédé) du tournage (qui est une procédure). Le filmage se soumet au principe d’une réalité à capter, alors que le tournage autoriserait un opérateur-sujet à initier un processus de sublimation de l’image enregistrée. Un détour par la présentation d’opéras filmés dans les salles de cinéma permet d’examiner les modalités de diffusion de ce type de prestation scénique pour laquelle des metteurs en images « virtuoses et agités » superposent au discours de la mise en scène spécifiquement opératique une nouvelle couche de sens. Un peu à l’image de la sublimation du filmage à laquelle la procédure du tournage cinématographique donne lieu, en transfigurant et en transcendant le matériel capté, par l’ajout d’une nouvelle couche d’« interprétation plastique » (Canudo). D’où la proposition de distinguer archivage de reproduction et archivage d’expression. Le premier est basé sur les seules capacités enregistreuses du film. Le second transcende ces capacités, de la part d’un média qui développe alors une expressivité qui lui est propre. Si l’effet-archives est en quelque sorte « embarqué » dans le dispositif de reproduction qu’est l’appareil de prise de vues, l’expression nécessite au contraire une volonté exogène de négocier avec les virtualités expressives d’un média.
From Caméra-Stylo to Photobook: On Chris Marker’s Staring Back
Authors: Baetens Jan
Published: January 2013

In this article, the author analyzes Chris Marker’s photography, in particular the project Staring Back (an exhibition and a book, published in 2007), which offers a synthesis in fixed images of the film career of this author who has always explored the blurred boundaries between the still and the moving image (for example in his 1962 cult movie La jetée, or in later photo-films such as Si j’avais quatre dromadaires, 1966, and Le souvenir d’un avenir, with Yannick Bellon, 2001). The author relies on Marker’s notion of the “superluminal” (which refers to a special way of selecting still images out of the flow of moving images) as well as on contemporary and historical discussions on intermediality (inside and outside the domain of film studies alone) and cinephilia (as a specific way of combining writing and filming), to propose a close reading of Staring Back. In this reading, the author places strong emphasis on the political issues around looking and the relationship between artist and model.
In-Hospital Delirium and Disability and Cognitive Impairment After COVID-19 Hospitalization
Authors: Kaushik Ramya , McAvay Gail J. , Murphy Terrence E. , Acampora Denise , Araujo Katy , Charpentier Peter , Chattopadhyay Sumon , Geda Mary , Gill Thomas M. , Kaminski Tamar A. , Lee Seohyuk , Li Judy , Cohen Andrew B. , Hajduk Alexandra M. , Ferrante Lauren E.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Older adults who are hospitalized for COVID-19 are at risk of delirium. Little is known about the association of in-hospital delirium with functional and cognitive outcomes among older adults who have survived a COVID-19 hospitalization.

Objective

To evaluate the association of delirium with functional disability and cognitive impairment over the 6 months after discharge among older adults hospitalized with COVID-19.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study involved patients aged 60 years or older who were hospitalized with COVID-19 between June 18, 2020, and June 30, 2021, at 5 hospitals in a major tertiary care system in the US. Follow-up occurred through January 11, 2022. Data analysis was performed from December 2022 to February 2024.

Exposure

Delirium during the COVID-19 hospitalization was assessed using the Chart-based Delirium Identification Instrument (CHART-DEL) and CHART-DEL-ICU.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were disability in 15 functional activities and the presence of cognitive impairment (defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment score <22) at 1, 3, and 6 months after hospital discharge. The associations of in-hospital delirium with functional disability and cognitive impairment were evaluated using zero-inflated negative binominal and logistic regression models, respectively, with adjustment for age, month of follow-up, and baseline (before COVID-19) measures of the respective outcome.

Results

The cohort included 311 older adults (mean [SD] age, 71.3 [8.5] years; 163 female [52.4%]) who survived COVID-19 hospitalization. In the functional disability sample of 311 participants, 49 participants (15.8%) experienced in-hospital delirium. In the cognition sample of 271 participants, 31 (11.4%) experienced in-hospital delirium. In-hospital delirium was associated with both increased functional disability (rate ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05-1.66) and increased cognitive impairment (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.38-4.82) over the 6 months after discharge from the COVID-19 hospitalization.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of 311 hospitalized older adults with COVID-19, in-hospital delirium was associated with increased functional disability and cognitive impairment over the 6 months following discharge. Older survivors of a COVID-19 hospitalization who experience in-hospital delirium should be assessed for disability and cognitive impairment during postdischarge follow-up.
Ultra‐High Peak Power Generation for Rotational Triboelectric Nanogenerator via Simple Charge Control and Boosted Discharge Design
Authors: Heo Deokjae , Son Jin‐ho , Hur Jiwoong , Yong Hyungseok , Cha Kyunghwan , Hwang Patrick T.J. , Koo Bonwook , Gwak Yunki , Jin Youngho , Kim Dongseob , Hong Jinkee , Lee Sangmin
Published: July 2024

Currently, enhancing the output power of rotational‐mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) using various complicated systems is a contentious issue; however, this is a challenging process owing to the inherent characteristics of TENGs, namely, low output currents as opposed to high voltages. Thus, this study proposes a simple and innovative strategy for ultra‐high output peak power generation of TENGs called a self‐boosted rotational electrostatic‐discharge TENG (SRE‐TENG). The SRE‐TENG mechanism is unique as it is based on charge control and boosted discharge design, thereby achieving a remarkable peak power of 1103.8 W, peak power density of 140.6 Kw m−2, low optimum resistance of 100 Ω, and broad peak power generation range of 10 Ω to 1 GΩ. Diligent measurements and analyses of the peak and root‐mean‐square voltage and current outputs of the SRE‐TENG are conducted for various design variables and circuit configurations. The proposed SRE‐TENG mechanism is validated using experimental and multiphysics simulation results. The high‐output performance of the SRE‐TENG is demonstrated via the lighting of 3,000 LEDs and a 60‐W lamp array, continuous driving of a commercial sensor array, and hydrogen/oxygen generation via water electrolysis.
Noncovalent Assembly Strategy for Efficient Synthesis of Dual‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Ziyu , Dai Yunkun , Guo Pan , Liu Bo , Xia Yunfei , Tu Fengdi , Zhang Wenchao , Ma Miao , Liu Bing , Zhang Yunlong , Zhao Lei , Wang Zhenbo
Published: July 2024

Diatomic catalysts (DACs), as a frontier of research on atomically dispersed catalysts, have drawn great attention, especially in electrocatalysis. However, most of the current synthetic strategies for DACs suffer from poor efficiency and high cost. In this work, a novel noncovalent assembly strategy is reported for the efficient synthesis of DACs. By the aid of two kinds of noncovalent intermolecular force, the π–π stacking and Coulomb forces, a pair of metal complex ions with opposite electrical charges is spontaneously loaded onto the carbon substrate and transformed into diatomic sites via thermal treatment. This noncovalent assembly approach shows universal feasibility for a broad spectrum of DACs (Ir–Fe, Pt–Fe, Pt–Co, and Pt–Ni). To prove the practical utility, the as‐prepared PtFe‐DAC is deployed as oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, performing excellent activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.935 V (vs RHE) and a 2.3 times higher turnover frequency than that of the single‐atomic Fe‐SAC. In situ characterization and theoretical calculation indicate that the adjacent Pt sites could endow moderate activation of oxygen molecule on Fe sites by lowering the electron pairing energy as well as the modulation of the d‐band center and spin states of Fe centers propelling the desorption of the intermediates.
Europium Oxide Evoked Multisite Synergism to Facilitate Water Dissociation for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Yu , Wu Xiangrui , Wu Zixin , Wang Xu , Wang Xuan , Wang Caikang , Zhu Xiaoheng , Li Meng , Sun Dongmei , Li Hao , Tang Yawen , Fu Gengtao
Published: July 2024

Exploring an efficient nonnoble metal catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical for industrial alkaline water electrolysis. However, it remains a great challenge due to the additional energy required for H─OH bond cleavage and the lack of enough H2O adsorption sites for most catalysts. Herein, the integration of oxophilic Eu2O3 with NiCo alloy with evoked multisite synergism to facilitate water dissociation for alkaline HER is proposed. The optimized Eu2O3‐NiCo exhibits excellent HER activity with a low overpotential of only 60 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and good electrochemical stability, which is superior to that of Eu2O3‐free NiCo and comparable to benchmark Pt/C. The key roles of Eu2O3 on the enhanced HER performance of Eu2O3‐NiCo are identified by in situ Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. It is discovered that the Eu2O3 with strong oxophilicity facilitates the adsorption of H2O and the breakage of H─OH bonding while evoking the electron redistribution at Eu2O3/NiCo interface and accelerating the Volmer step in alkaline HER. Furthermore, the obtained Eu2O3‐NiCo as both anode and cathode displays excellent overall water‐splitting activity and stability in 1.0 M KOH solution. It is believed that this study provides an important inspiration to design high‐performance electrocatalysts toward HER based on rare‐earth materials.
Gate‐Modulated and Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetector Based on the MoS2/PdSe2 Out‐Of‐Plane Van Der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Yin Chengdong , He Sixian , Fan Xiaofeng , Xiao Yuke , Zhao Liancheng , Gao Liming
Published: July 2024

Photodetectors with good polarization detection ability are promising in many applications, such as remote sensing imaging and environmental monitoring. However, the traditional polarization detection systems fall short in meeting integration demands of the integrated‐circuits field due to additional optical elements. The emerging 2D materials with in‐plane anisotropic structures provide a possible method to fabricate remarkable polarization detectors. Modulating the band structure by gate voltage is an important strategy for developing optoelectronic devices. Herein, a polarized photodetector based on PdSe2/MoS2 out‐of‐plane heterojunction is fabricated. Due to its unique out‐of‐plane heterostructure, the device exhibits excellent photoresponse characteristics and polarization sensitivity, including an excellent responsivity of 10.19A/W, an extremely high external quantum efficiency of 2429%, a fast rise/decay time of 68/192 µs, and a high photocurrent anisotropy ratio of 3.09. Based on the adjustment of the built‐in electric field through gate voltage, the performance of the device can be accordingly modulated. As the gate voltage increases from −30 to 30 V, the responsivity gradually increases from 7.5 to 13A/W and the detectivity increases from 1.53 to 2.63 × 109Jones. Finally, its olarization imaging ability is demonstrated at different polarization angles. The findings indicate that PdSe2/MoS2 devices exhibit significant potential for polarized photoelectric detection.
An Enzyme‐Responsive Self‐Immolative Recognition Marker for Manipulating Cell–Cell Interactions
Authors: Plumet Chad , Katsakos Spyridon D. , Girard Mélissa , Jamal Israa Al , Clarhaut Jonathan , Renoux Brigitte , Opalinski Isabelle , Papot Sébastien
Published: July 2024

The development of innovative strategies for cell membranes engineering is of prime interest to explore and manipulate cell–cell interactions. Herein, an enzyme‐sensitive recognition marker that can be introduced on cell surface via bioorthogonal chemistry is designed. Once functionalized in this fashion, the cells gain the ability to assemble with cell partners coated with the complementary marker through non‐covalent click chemistry. The artificial cell adhesion induces natural biological processes associated with cell proximity such as inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and migration. On the other hand, the enzymatic activation of the stimuli‐responsive marker triggers the disassembly of cells, thereby restoring the tumor cell proliferation and migration rates. Thus, the study shows that the ready‐to‐use complementary markers are valuable tools for controlling the formation and the breaking of bonds between cells, offering an easy way to investigate biological processes associated to cell proximity.
Graph Theoretical Description of Phase Transitions in Complex Multiscale Phases with Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Yang Ruochen , Bernardino Kalil , Xiao Xiongye , Gomes Weverson R. , Mattoso Davi A. , Kotov Nicholas A. , Bogdan Paul , de Moura André F.
Published: July 2024

Phase transitions are typically quantified using order parameters, such as crystal lattice distances and radial distribution functions, which can identify subtle changes in crystalline materials or high‐contrast phases with large structural differences. However, the identification of phases with high complexity, multiscale organization and of complex patterns during the structural fluctuations preceding phase transitions, which are essential for understanding the system pathways between phases, is challenging for those traditional analyses. Here, it is shown that for two model systems— thermotropic liquid crystals and a lyotropic water/surfactant mixtures—graph theoretical (GT) descriptors can successfully identify complex phases combining molecular and nanoscale levels of organization that are hard to characterize with traditional methodologies. Furthermore, the GT descriptors also reveal the pathways between the different phases. Specifically, centrality parameters and node‐based fractal dimension quantify the system behavior preceding the transitions, capturing fluctuation‐induced breakup of aggregates and their long‐range cooperative interactions. GT parameterization can be generalized for a wide range of chemical systems and be instrumental for the growth mechanisms of complex nanostructures.
Innervate Commercial Fabrics with Spirally‐Layered Iontronic Fibrous Sensors Toward Dual‐Functional Smart Garments
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Liu Qi , Zheng Lifei , Lin Sijian , Zhang Yiqun , Song Yangyang , Wang Zhuqing
Published: July 2024

Electronic fabrics exhibit desirable breathability, wearing comfort, and easy integration with garments. However, surficial deposition of electronically functional materials/compounds onto fabric substrates would consequentially alter their intrinsic properties (e.g., softness, permeability, biocompatibility, etc.). To address this issue, here, a strategy to innervate arbitrary commercial fabrics with unique spirally‐layered iontronic fibrous (SLIF) sensors is presented to realize both mechanical and thermal sensing functionalities without sacrificing the intrinsic fabric properties. The mechanical sensing function is realized via mechanically regulating the interfacial ionic supercapacitance between two perpendicular SLIF sensors, while the thermal sensing function is achieved based on thermally modulating the intrinsic ionic impedance in a single SLIF sensor. The resultant SLIF sensor‐innervated electronic fabrics exhibit high mechanical sensitivity of 81 N−1, superior thermal sensitivity of 34,400 Ω °C−1, and more importantly, greatly minimized mutual interference between the two sensing functions. As demonstrations, various smart garments are developed for the precise monitoring of diverse human physiological signals. Moreover, artificial intelligence‐assisted object recognition with high‐accuracy (97.8%) is demonstrated with a SLIF sensor‐innervated smart glove. This work opens up a new path toward the facile construction of versatile smart garments for wearable healthcare, human‐machine interfaces, and the Internet of Things.
The Role of Dislocation Type in the Thermal Stability of Cellular Structures in Additively Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: An Dayong , Xiao Yao , Yu Junshi , Zhang Xu , Li Zan , Ma Yan , Li Rui , Han Xianhong , Li Xifeng , Chen Jun , Zaefferer Stefan
Published: July 2024

The ultrafine cellular structure promotes the extraordinary mechanical performance of metals manufactured by laser powder‐bed‐fusion (L‐PBF). An in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms governing the thermal stability of such structures is crucial for designing reliable L‐PBF components for high‐temperature applications. Here, characterizations and 3D discrete dislocation dynamics simulations are performed to comprehensively understand the evolution of cellular structures in 316L stainless steel during annealing. The dominance of screw‐type dislocation dipoles in the dislocation cells is reported. However, the majority of dislocations in sub‐grain boundaries (SGBs) are geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) with varying types. The disparity in dislocation types can be attributed to the variation in local stacking fault energy (SFE) arising from chemical heterogeneity. The presence of screw‐type dislocations facilitates the unpinning of dislocations from dislocation cells/SGBs, resulting in a high dislocation mobility. In contrast, the migration of SGBs with dominating edge‐type GNDs requires collaborative motion of dislocations, leading to a sluggish migration rate and an enhanced thermal stability. This work emphasizes the significant role of dislocation type in the thermal stability of cellular structures. Furthermore, it sheds light on how to locally tune dislocation structures with desired dislocation types by adjusting local chemistry‐dependent SFE and heat treatment.
Optical–Electrical Coordinately Modulated Memristor Based on 2D Ferroelectric RP Perovskite for Artificial Vision Applications
Authors: Wang Hong , Yang Jialiang , Yang Zheng , Liu Gongjie , Tang Yusong , Shao Yiduo , Yan Xiaobing
Published: July 2024

Traditional artificial vision systems built using separate sensing, computing, and storage units have problems with high power consumption and latency caused by frequent data transmission between functional units. An effective approach is to transfer some memory and computing tasks to the sensor, enabling the simultaneous perception‐storage‐processing of light signals. Here, an optical–electrical coordinately modulated memristor is proposed, which controls the conductivity by means of polarization of the 2D ferroelectric Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite film at room temperature. The residual polarization shows no significant decay after 109‐cycle polarization reversals, indicating that the device has high durability. By adjusting the pulse parameters, the device can simulate the bio‐synaptic long/short‐term plasticity, which enables the control of conductivity with a high linearity of ≈0.997. Based on the device, a two‐layer feedforward neural network is built to recognize handwritten digits, and the recognition accuracy is as high as 97.150%. Meanwhile, building optical–electrical reserve pool system can improve 14.550% for face recognition accuracy, further demonstrating its potential for the field of neural morphological visual systems, with high density and low energy loss.
Photo‐induced Bacillus subtilis‐spore transformation for bowel disease therapy and therapeutic outcome visualization
Authors: Kong Lin , He Wei , Gong Junyi , Qiu Zijie , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2024

Efficient strategies for transforming Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells into spores (BtS transformation) are still limited, although they show promise for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A novel, simple, and rapid photo‐induced BtS transformation mechanism is now presented that utilizes a novel aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) photosensitizer, triphenylamine‐benzothiadiazole‐pyridine‐p‐tolylboronic acid bromine salt (TBPBB), that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to light. The ROS selectively target and damage the membranes of Bacillus subtilis and trigger their transformation into spores. These spores demonstrate considerable promise for the effective treatment of IBD in a mouse disease model. Furthermore, the fluorescence signal generated by TBPBB can be used to directly visualize the recovery of damaged intestinal tissue. This is a valuable tool for monitoring the healing process and gaining insights into therapeutic efficacy. This study highlights the remarkable practical value of AIEgen‐induced BtS transformation for identifying, localizing, and visualizing the therapeutic outcomes of IBD treatments.
Reflections on making public policy (1977–1996)
Authors: Howe Brian
Published: July 2024

Brian Howe was elected to the federal Parliament in 1977 as the Labor Member for Batman (now Cooper). Following the election of the Hawke Government in 1983 until his retirement from politics in 1996, Howe held several key social policy portfolios in both the Hawke and Keating Labor Governments, and was Deputy Prime Minister from 1991 to 1995. As a politician, Howe held a strong commitment to policy development and implementation. During his career as a Government Minister, he oversaw some of the most significant changes in social policy in Australian history. This article sets out his reflections on policymaking over this period.
Endogenous Fe2+‐triggered self‐targeting nanomicelles for self‐amplifying intracellular oxidative stress
Authors: Fan Zhongxiong , Xia Guoyu , Wang Qingluo , Chen Shiduan , Li Jianmin , Hou Zhenqing , Jiang Ziwen , Feng Juan
Published: July 2024

Background

Artesunate (ASA) acts as an •O₂− source through the breakdown of endoperoxide bridges catalyzed by Fe2+, yet its efficacy in ASA‐based nanodrugs is limited by poor intracellular delivery.

Methods

ASA–hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates were formed from hydrophobic ASA and hydrophilic HA by an esterification reaction first, and then self‐targeting nanomicelles (NM) were developed using the fact that the amphiphilic conjugates of ASA and HA are capable of self‐assembling in aqueous environments.

Results

These ASA–HA NMs utilize CD44 receptor‐mediated transcytosis to greatly enhance uptake by breast cancer cells. Subsequently, endogenous Fe2+ from the tumor catalyzes the released ASA to produce highly toxic •O₂− radicals to kill tumor cells, although sustained tumor growth inhibition can be achieved via in vivo experiments.

Conclusions

Self‐targeting NMs represent a promising strategy for enhancing ASA‐based treatments, leveraging clinically approved drugs to expedite drug development and clinical research in oncology.
Relationship between the relative timing of prosection and dissection experiences and laboratory examination performance in a gross anatomy course
Authors: Martin Jason F. , Linton Andrea , Garrett Andrew C. , Mango Damon W. , Svec Paulina M. , Magee Christianne
Published: July 2024

Reduced hours of instruction are reported within the gross anatomy education literature. Anatomy instruction continues to be challenged with motivating and inspiring learners to value the contribution of gross anatomy knowledge to their career development alongside increased organizational demands for efficiency and effectiveness. To address these demands, this retrospective study sought to understand how the relative timing and amount of gross anatomy instruction were related to examination performance. Undergraduate and graduate students between 2018 and 2022 were assigned to three cohorts determined by enrollment in prosection‐based anatomy only (n = 334), concurrent enrollment in prosection‐ and dissection‐based anatomy in the same semester (n = 67), or consecutive enrollment in the courses one year apart (n = 43). Concurrent students had higher prosection‐based anatomy examination scores than prosection‐only and consecutive students. Consecutively, enrolled students outperformed concurrently enrolled students on the first two dissection examinations but showed no performance differences on the third and fourth dissection examinations. While the results on the timing and presentation of anatomical instruction were inconclusive, the results do support increased instructional time using both prosection and dissection modalities concurrently to improve performance on identification‐based gross anatomy examinations.
Crossing the line? Exploring situated, interactional negotiations of parental involvement in primary homework in England and Italy
Authors: Lehner‐Mear Rachel , Colla Vittoria
Published: July 2024

Primary school homework is a common practice internationally, historically viewed as an independent child activity, but more recently recognised as a family accomplishment. Parental involvement in homework has been principally discussed in relation to general and fixed typologies, with parent behaviours categorised into pre‐defined ‘types’. This paper challenges that framing by theorising homework as an interactional event. It illustrates that parental involvement is not simply determined by parents’ involvement ‘type’; rather, as an interactional exercise, homework is negotiated in‐the‐moment by parent and child, in linguistic, embodied and material ways. Based on a corpus of 74 video‐recorded homework sessions collected in England and Italy, and adopting discourse analysis, the article reveals that parents display their understanding of what counts as ‘appropriate involvement’ and, at the same time, locally negotiate this with their children, often adapting their involvement practices to meet children's explicit or implicit requests. We present this phenomenon as a ‘flexible line of involvement’ which can shift during each interaction, according to local negotiations embedded within the homework encounter. This shapes the unfolding event, as the parent's moment‐by‐moment responses to their child may result in them ‘crossing the line’. By demonstrating the locally negotiated fluidity of parental involvement, this article highlights the complexity of parent–child primary homework, moving beyond common assumptions that homework is either a lone child's activity, a task solely shaped by schools, or the result of fixed types of parental involvement.