bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lodgments of expansion of alien animal species: the biota of a key site of anthropochory in Transcarpathia (Ukraine)
Authors:   Ukrainian Bird Conservation Society (Korolevo, Ukraine), Gleba Vasyl , Ocheretna Kateryna ,   Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine),   Kyivo-Pecherskiy Lycee No. 171 “Leader” (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: June 2021

The new cases that indicate the repeated entry of alien species, including invertebrates (molluscs, insects and other arthropods), to the Transcarpathian region (i.e. Zakarpattia Oblast) of Ukraine are considered. One of the main reasons of appearance of species in new territories is anthropochory — the transfer of specimen by human factors: road, air, water, or rail transport. This plays a significant role in the spread of living organisms to new territories. Usually the term is used for the transfer plants, but in this work and in a previous work of one of the authors, we focus on animal organisms, mainly invertebrates – insects and other arthropods, as well as molluscs. Most often, it happens unforeseen, but cases of intentional transportation of animals with their subsequent planned release into the environment are known too. Alien species of plants and animals entered Ukraine repeatedly through Transcarpathia. Unintentional spread of new species of animals through the territory due to the transportation of various foods and other kinds of goods, raw materials, including wood, and agricultural products. The paper presents not only the primary records of gastropods, arachnids, insects and other invertebrates, as well as some vertebrates found in trailers, etc., but also the findings of animals that have already been able to form self-reproducing populations in the region. In general, the authors had the opportunity to regularly inspect trailers during 2003–2007 and 2010–2017, working with imported raw materials (route from Italy via Slovenia and Hungary). Specimens were found on worn or old pallets with traces of moisture and soil, as well as traces of invertebrates that feed or live in wood and wood-destroying fungi. Dead insects were found in the cracks and between the boards (bedbugs, butterflies, beetles, orthopterans, and arachnids). There were also finds of live animals, which sometimes we managed to catch and photograph. The most important of them are presented by the authors in this publication.
Some new ichnospecies stored in the Geological Department of the National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Grytsenko Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

During the last decades, many scientists worldwide have focused on the study of activity signs of animals. Such signs of various animals have appeared in the geological history since Ediacaran rocks and can be found until today. They can be signs of sedentary lifestyle or tracks of moving of animals (both vertebrates and invertebrates), evidence of birth (e.g., eggshell fragments), sliding traces of molluscs and other organisms. In some cases, the study of ichnofossils is of great importance, especially for the so-called "palaeontologically dumb" sequences. However, the identification of the nature of ichnofossils is an issue. Sometimes, particular kinds of animals can be identified based on the shape and trajectory of traces. But usually such identifications are impossible, therefore an artificial nomenclature is used for these ichnospecies. In particular cases, ichnofossils help to resolve the problem of identification of ancient facies. It is often impossible to identify their position in the biological system, but the behaviour of animals can be clarified. Different animals leave imprints of their traces and tracks depending on the specifics of facies in the bottom of the sea or on the surface of the ground nearby to continental waterbodies. These can be traces of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. Soft soil is the most favourable for the formation of traces, although specific conditions are required for the preservation of these traces. There are organisms that leave signs of drilling on the solid bottom and on rocks. In the results, we can obtain some information, but only a part of it allows to obtain correct identifications. It is often impossible to identify animals according to their traces. Ichnofossils from deposits of various age and facies are studied by specialists in all continents and in the seabed. Ichnology, a new scientific branch emerged that develops rapidly. Ichnological approaches allow to identify ecological (facies) conditions of the geological past and are used in searches for oil and gas fields. The disadvantages of ichnology are the ambiguous interpretation of ichnospecies and the use of the same name for different objects (synonyms). In this paper, some new ichnospecies of various geological age are identified and described along with images of traces of unknown animals in situ.
Thanatocoenoses of mollusc shells in the north-western part of the Black Sea
Authors:   Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Odesa, Ukraine), Zolotarev Valentin , Stadnichenko Svetlana ,   Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Odesa, Ukraine)
Published: June 2021

Following death, mollusc shells become elements of thanatocoenoses of bottom and coastal deposits. At the early stages of succession of storm strands, the conservation of mollusc shells in the coastal deposits is high, which allows to obtain a larger number of shells to determine their traits. The probability of finding shells of rare mollusc species in the coastal strands is significantly higher than in bottom grab samples. Therefore, the taxonomic composition of the thanatocoenoses may correspond to the actual composition of mollusc assemblage in the adjacent coastal waters. Determination of the maximum age of molluscs from coastal emissions by sclerochronological methods can be more accurate characteristics of the lifespan of the considered mollusc species. Wind waves are one of the hydrodynamic processes influencing the formation of coastal emissions. The maximum wave activity in the coastal zone of the sea contributes to an increase in the deposition of storm emissions in the coastal zone. Studies of thanatocoenoses of marine molluscs in storm emissions in the north-western part of the Black Sea were carried out at three test sites, differing in the degree of wave load on the coastal zone. Analysis of coastal emissions in different parts of the coastal zone — various distance from the water's edge—allows us to determine the frequency and power of wave activity, as well as to identify the dominant species of macrozoobenthos in each area. The composition and quantitative characteristics of storm emissions created by wave activity of various intensities demonstrates the relationship between benthic biocoenoses of molluscs and thanatocoenoses of the coastal zone. The dominance of bivalve mollusc shells in emissions corresponds to the ruling species of molluscs in benthic biocoenoses. Shells of molluscs of the family Mytilidae were dominant in coastal emissions of the analysed areas. The maximum concentration of aquatic organisms is presented in emissions located near the edge of seawater. A dependence between the total mass of biogenic components in coastal sediments and different distances from the water edge has been revealed for the north-western part of the Black Sea.
Patterns of formation and functioning of geosystems of Stebnyk tailings dam
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Lviv, Ukraine), Ivanov Eugen , Kovalchuk Ivan ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Lviv, Ukraine)
Published: June 2021

The specifics of the landscape structure within the first section of the Stebnyk tailings dam are considered. Two landscape terrains (of natural and anthropogenic genesis), 3 separate landscape belts, 8 types of landscape tracts, and 30 types of landscape sub-tracts have been identified. Geosystems are dominated by flat sloping surfaces of the tailings dam, the external embanked of which forms closed drainless areas requiring systematic regulation of the level of the final reservoir. Features of filling the tailings surfaces played an important relief-forming role. At the same time, there were raised areas (0.5‒2.5 m) confined to the southern and south-western parts of it. Actually, conditions for the formation of tree-bush and meadow-marsh vegetation of different stages of succession were created in these areas. Spatial-temporal regularities of the occurrence and development of plant communities within the first section of the Stebnyk tailings dam were determined based on the decryption of space images for 2006‒2018. Primary meadow-marsh, bush-meadow, and tree-bush communities on surfaces with different levels of salinization were distinguished. In fact, these communities form the primary succession series in the formation of vegetation cover of post-mining geosystems. To decipher the boundaries of plant communities, 16 space images were obtained from the publicly available Google Earth Pro program. The tendencies of changes in the number and area of the plots occupied by different plant groups have been determined. Currently, the area of tree-bush communities is 5.59 hectares (7.87 % of the total area). Bush-meadow and meadow-marsh communities recorded an intensive increase in areas by 2014, followed by a rapid decrease caused by salinization of areas due to significant elevations of the reservoir’s level. In 2014, maximum areas of plant communities (37.55 ha) were identified, covering more than half of the study area (52.84 %), and in 2018 they occupied 21.71 ha (30.55 %). The gradual differentiation of phytocoenoses by moisture gradients and soil salinization continues. To maintain the rate of overgrowth of the first section of the Stebnyk tailings dam, it is necessary to reduce the level of brines regularly.
Invasive species in the flora and fauna of Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park (Ukraine)
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohienko University (Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine), Lyubinska Lyudmila , Маtvieiev Mykola ,   Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohienko University (Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine)
Published: June 2021

The territory of Podilski Tovtry National Natural Park covers an area of 261 315 ha, 72 % of which are cultivated lands that facilitated the expansion of 335 adventive species. Research on invasive plant and animal species was carried out during field surveys in 1996–2019. More than 220 geobotanical descriptions were compiled applying the Brown-Blanque method. In this territory, 26 species display distinct aggression and are referred to as invasive, which belong to 15 families of the class Magnoliopsida and division Magnoliophyta. By origin, Northern American species prevail (15 species) followed by Asian (6) and European (5) species. By life form, annual herbal plants (therophytes) and trees predominate. Тherophytes mainly represent the family Asteraceae. The studies of the phytocenosis showed that the invasive species are part of 19 vegetation classes. The invasive species settled in 14 natural communities and they grow in 10 rare (singular) aggregations. To reduce the impact of invasive species on rare habitats and communities it is necessary to take measures to restore the natural vegetation cover. In the territory of Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park, 7 species of vertebrate animals are considered invasive, the naturalisation of which threatens and has negative influence on the local fauna. Another 6 species of birds and mammals, due to natural range expansion and anthropogenic changes of abiotic environmental factors, settled in urban landscapes and were introduced by means of synanthropisation; they can be considered as close invaders. Motacilla citreola occurs in wet meadows and has an unstable abundance, thus it belongs to propulsive species. Another 11 bird species appear in the surveyed territory during the autumn and winter periods or in separate years. Their invasiveness is possible due to abundance fluctuations during migration and changes in their migration routes because of the influence of trophic factors.
Alien fishes in the Black Sea waters of Crimea (Ukraine)
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Manilo Leonid
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to alien fish species that have appeared in coastal waters of the Black Sea near Crimea for the past 50 years. The fish fauna of the Black Sea mainly comprises species that represent the Ponto-Caspian and Atlantic-Mediterranean faunal complexes. According to the generalised literature data, 158 fish species of 107 genera of 60 families have been recorded in the Black Sea since the publication of K. F. Kessler’s work (Kessler 1877), all of them representing the Atlantic-Mediterranean complex. In waters of Crimea, 116 species of 86 genera of 51 families have been recorded for the same period. A full checklist of fishes of this complex is presented indicating 31 alien species that have appeared since the 1970s and which belong to 27 genera and 16 families. In waters of Crimea, alien fishes make up 26.5 % of all species, 31.0 % of all genera, and 31.4 % of all families of the Atlantic-Medirranean complex. According to the level of their occurrence in marine waters of Crimea, all recently introduced species are grouped into three categories: regular, sporadic, and casual. Their brief characterisics are given, including synonymy, representation in the fish collection of the NMNH NASU, brief description, distribution, and vector of introduction. It was found that benthic species predominate among introduced fishes that occur regularly in waters of Crimea (12 species, or 80.0 %), while bentho-pelagic and pelagic species are less represented (6.7 % and 13.3 %, respectively). Pelagic and bentho-pelagic species prevail (50.0 % and 37.5 %, respectively) among fishes that occur sporadically. Bentho-pelagic species predominate (57.1 %) among fishes that occur casually. It was discovered that among the 31 alien fishes recorded in the Black Sea waters of Crimea for the past 50 years predominate those that have appeared here due to the natural process of mediterranisation (22 species, 71.0 %). It was imposibble to determine the vector of introduction of 4 species (12.9 %). The appearance of 5 species, which represent 16.1 % of all alien species, is related to anthropogenic factors. It can be also concluded that benthic species predominate among the alien fishes (14 species, or 45.2 %), while bentho-pelagic (9 species) and pelagic (8 species) fishes make up 29.0 % and 25.8 %, respectively. Of the 31 introduced fishes, 10 (32.2 %) have naturalised and acclimatised in marine waters of Crimea and have founded independent breeding populations. Among them, representatives of the family Gobiidae notably prevail, followed by the taxonomically close family Oxudercidae, whereas one species belongs to the family Blenniidae. The so-iuy mullet, which is the only representative of the pelagic ecological group, was introduced intentionally.
Avifauna of meadow ecosystems in borderland areas of Lviv and Volyn Oblasts
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Lviv, Ukraine), Shydlovskyy Ihor , Dubovyk Oleksii ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Lviv, Ukraine),   Roztochia Nature Reserve (Ivano-Frankove, Ukraine), Hrynyuk Petro ,   Northern Podillia National Park (Brody, Ukraine), Zahorodnyi Ivan ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Lviv, Ukraine), Matejchyk Vasyl ,   Roztochia Nature Reserve (Ivano-Frankove, Ukraine)
Published: June 2021

Meadow ecosystems comprise a significant part of the area of Ukraine, especially in its western regions. Those ecosystems are subjects of concern today because of the active agricultural use and droughts that also threatens the animal population of meadows, including birds. Studies of meadow bird species of western Ukraine are limited to atlases, which results in a lack of precise data. This work was part of an international project on the conservation of the great snipe Gallinago media and allowed us to collect valuable data on the abundance and occurrence of meadow bird species nearby to the Polish and Belarusian borders of Ukraine — territories that are commonly ignored by Ukrainian researchers. The surveys of meadow birds conducted near the Ukrainian-Polish border in 2020 have shown that the general state of the marshes is worse compared to 2019: even close to the Western Bug river, only deep oxbow lakes were wet or contained some water, but minor lakes and wetlands of the valley were found to be dry. In total, we observed 141 bird species belonging to 17 orders. Among them, 26 were common by abundance and frequency, such as the great egret Ardea alba, the white stork Ciconia ciconia, the common quail Coturnix coturnix, the corn crake Crex crex, the northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus, the common redshank Tringa totanus, the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus, the Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis, the meadow pipit Anthus pratensis, the western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava, the sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, the marsh warbler A. palustris, the great reed warbler A. arundinaceus, the common whitethroat Sylvia communis, the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, the thrush nightingale Luscinia luscinia, the common linnet Linaria cannabina, the corn bunting Emberiza calandra, the common reed bunting E. schoeniclus, and 7 more species, which were observed frequently though are not typical marshland species. We have identified the species that can be used as indicators of parameters of marsh ecosystems such as grass height (corn crake, western yellow wagtail, and sedge warbler), moisture (common redshank, common cuckoo, and the sedge and great reed warblers), and habitat type (corn crake, European bee-eater Merops apiaster, sedge warbler, common reed, and corn buntings).
Scientific achievements of Antoni Andrzejowski (on the 235th anniversary)
Authors:   M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zavialova Liudmyla , Ilyinska Antonina ,   M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Mykhalyuk Ilona ,   Taras Shevchenko Regional Humanitarian Pedagogical Academy of Kremenets (Kremenets, Ukraine), Shevera Мyroslav ,   M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of scientific heritage of the biologist Antoni Andrzejowski (1785–1869), whose name is well known in Ukraine and abroad as a naturalist and a scientist. Antoni Andrzejowski had been cooperating with V. Besser for many years and accompanied him in his trips, he was the first botanist in Kremenets that was born in Volyn, and, at the same time, the first who graduated from the Kremenets Lyceum. His contribution to botanical, zoological, palaeontological, and geological sciences is also recognised, in particular he authored the first geological map of Podillia. The scientist is known primarily for pioneering research on plant diversity: together with W. Besser, he initiated the floristic study of Volyno-Podillia and the Right-Bank Ukraine. He was a traveller, a researcher of the flora, fauna (both modern and fossil) and geology of Podillia, Polissia, the Dnieper, and the Black Sea, as well as the author of a number of original scientific works. During his numerous trips, he collected a variety of scientific materials, including a herbarium, most of which is stored at M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany NAS of Ukraine. As a taxonomist, he described more than 250 new taxa of vascular plants from 37 families (Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae Rosaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, etc.). As an expert of flora and landscape art, A. Andrzejowski took part in the creation of parks (primarily within estates in Podillia), some of which have survived (e.g., in Stavyshche, Kyiv Oblast), but most of them have been lost. A. Andrzejowski almost constantly combined his research activities with pedagogical work: he taught pupils and students of the Volynian Gymnasium (Kremenets Lyceum), St Volodymyr Imperial University of Kyiv, and the Prince Bezborodko Physical and Mathematical Lyceum of Nizhyn. He belonged to the Vilna-Kremenets Scientific School with the classical traditions of an integrated approach to the study of nature. Most of the biography and various aspects of A. Andrzejowski’s activity are discussed in numerous studies, including some of our previous publications. His preserved scientific heritage, in particular botanical works and herbarium collections, also have not escaped the attention of scientists.
The Future of Telemedicine in the Management of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Silva-Cardoso José , González Juanatey José Ramón , Comin-Colet Josep , Sousa José Maria , Cavalheiro Ana , Moreira Emília
Published: June 2021

Telemedicine (TM) is potentially a way of escalating heart failure (HF) multidisciplinary integrated care. Despite the initial efforts to implement TM in HF management, we are still at an early stage of its implementation. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic led to an increased utilisation of TM. This tendency will probably remain after the resolution of this threat. Face-to-face medical interventions are gradually transitioning to the virtual setting by using TM. TM can improve healthcare accessibility and overcome geographic inequalities. It promotes healthcare system efficiency gains, and improves patient self-management and empowerment. In cooperation with human intervention, artificial intelligence can enhance TM by helping to deal with the complexities of multicomorbidity management in HF, and will play a relevant role towards a personalised HF patient approach. Artificial intelligence-powered/telemedical/heart team/multidisciplinary integrated care may be the next step of HF management. In this review, the authors analyse TM trends in the management of HF patients and foresee its future challenges within the scope of HF multidisciplinary integrated care.
Infected Silicone Chin Implant After Implant-Supported Jaw Rehabilitation: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Danieletto-Zanna Carolina Ferrairo , Ferreira Gustavo Zanna , Ferreira Osny , Pavan Angelo José , Camarini Edevaldo Tadeu
Published: June 2021

This paper reports on an infected silicone chin implant due to the nonideal placement of dental implants, in a female patient aged 67 years old. A patient unsatisfied with her facial profile had received a silicone chin implant 25 years ago and had recently undergone surgery for placement of dental implants in a region close to the silicone implant. The nonideal positioning of dental implants and close contact with the silicone implant led to the absence of osseointegration, with consequent mobility and infection of both. The mobile dental implants and silicone implant were removed. Imaging exams revealed other complications of the silicone implant as bone resorption and formation of a narrow bone layer around the inferior silicone implant border. Alloplastic implants are an option for the esthetic correction of chin deformities. Solid silicone is biocompatible and highly resistant to degradation, with minimal allergic reaction and risk of toxicity. However, several postoperative complications may arise, such as migration or displacement, extrusion, foreign body reaction, bone resorption, heterotopic bone formation, and infection. Precise imaging exams are critical for diagnosis and to indicate the best treatment plan.
A Modified Transalveolar Sinus Floor Elevation Approach With a Bilaterally Enlarged Osteotomy
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Zhang Xin , Wang Jian , Wan Qianbing , Li Lei
Published: June 2021

Sinus floor elevation is the most commonly used method for vertical bone augmentation in the maxillary posterior area. This clinical report describes a modified transalveolar approach to elevate the Schneiderian membrane when placing implants on a severely resorbed maxillary posterior ridge with a buccal-palatal width of more than 8.0 mm. In this approach, the osteotomy prepared on the crestal is bilaterally enlarged to 8.0–10.0 mm. The enlarged osteotomies provide better access, allowing instruments to be in direct contact with the bone of the sinus floor and thus elevate the Schneiderian membrane with a reduced risk of perforation.
Effect of Exposure Rates With Customized Versus Conventional Titanium Mesh on Guided Bone Regeneration: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Libo , Su Yucheng , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Xinyu , Liu Qian , Wang Jing
Published: June 2021

Titanium mesh exposure is the main complication of bone regeneration. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the effect of customized titanium mesh versus conventional titanium mesh complications and the time of mesh exposure on edentulous alveolar ridge guided bone regeneration (GBR). Databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials, were searched by 2 independent reviewers to retrieve articles published from January 2010 to March 2020, regarding the incidence of complications after GBR surgery, with language limited to English articles. A total of 705 articles were found, and 9 articles were quantitatively analyzed. A funnel plot was made for 10 comprehensive data sets. The combined value of the total exposure rate of titanium mesh was 0.44 (44%, 95% CI = 0.30∼0.58). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the combined value of the customized titanium mesh exposure rate was 0.31 (31%, 95% CI = 0.15∼0.51), and the combined value of the conventional titanium mesh exposure rate was 0.51 (51%, 95% CI = 0.33∼0.69). Based on the findings of the present study, the exposure rate of customized titanium mesh is lower than that of conventional titanium mesh. The design of three-dimensional printing customized titanium mesh avoids nerves and blood vessels, which is of great significance to improve the accurate reconstruction of GBR and provides enough space for implantation and reducing the exposure rate. Soft tissue management (ie, technical sensitivity) is also an important factor to avoid soft tissue fractures.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Different Implant-Abutment Connections, Retention Systems, and Restorative Materials in the Implant-Supported Single Crowns Using 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Lemos Cleidiel Aparecido Araujo , Verri Fellippo Ramos , Noritomi Pedro Yoshito , de Souza Batista Victor Eduardo , Cruz Ronaldo Silva , de Luna Gomes Jessica Marcela , de Oliveira Limírio João Pedro Justino , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza
Published: June 2021

This is an in silico study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical influence of different implant-abutment interfaces (external hexagon and Morse taper implants), retention systems (cement and screw retained), and restorative crowns (metal-ceramic and monolithic) using 3-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Eight 3D models were simulated for the maxillary first molar area using InVesalius, Rhinoceros, and SolidWorks and processed using Femap and NEi Nastran software. Axial and oblique forces of 200 and 100 N, respectively, were applied on the occlusal surface of the prostheses. Microstrain and von Mises stress maps were used to evaluate the deformation (cortical bone tissue) and stress (implants/fixation screws/crowns), respectively, for each model. For both loadings, Morse taper implants had lower microstrain values than the external hexagon implants. The retention system did not affect microstrain on the cortical bone tissue under both loadings. However, the cemented prosthesis displayed higher stress with the fixation screw than the external hexagon implants. No difference was observed between the metal-ceramic and zirconia monolithic crowns in terms of microstrain and stress distribution on the cortical bone, implants, or components. Morse taper implants can be considered as a good alternative for dental implant rehabilitation because they demonstrated better biomechanical behavior for the bone and fixation screw as compared to external hexagon implants. Cement-retained prosthesis increased the stress on the fixation screw of the external hexagon implants, thereby increasing the risk of screw loosening/fracture in the posterior maxillary area. The use of metal-ceramic or monolithic crowns did not affect the biomechanical behavior of the evaluated structures.
Prosthetically Driven Computer-Guided 1-Piece Zirconia Implant Placement and Restoration Replacing Missing Central Incisor: A Case Report
Authors: Alshali Shatha , Asali Rayan , Almarghlani Ammar A.
Published: June 2021

Currently, the gold standard material of choice for dental implants is the commercially available pure titanium and titanium alloys. However, this material may have suboptimal anterior esthetic outcome due to the dark grayish burnout. To enhance the esthetic outcomes, zirconium dioxide materials, with reported long-term success in medical uses and tooth-like color, were introduced as a dental implant material. This case report describes the fully guided planning and placement of a 1-piece zirconia implant replacing a missing central incisor. A 21-year-old nonsmoker male patient in excellent general health, presented with a missing tooth #9 (maxillary left central incisor). Straumann PURE (4.1 × 10 mm) Ceramic implant was placed. Three months post-surgery, the soft tissue architecture has been achieved and stabilized, and the healing was satisfactory around the zirconia implant and provisional restoration. The final layered zirconia crown was fabricated. A 2-step cementation technique was used to minimize the excess cement during the final delivery of the crown. After delivery of the final restoration, the patient was followed after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
Rehabilitation of Severely Atrophic Mandible: A 3-Year Follow-Up Protocol
Authors: Del Barrio Ricardo A. Landázuri , de Souza Edelcio Rendohl , Al Houch Alia Oka , Marão Heloisa F.
Published: June 2021

Severe bone atrophies are considered a challenge in the rehabilitation process. In clinical situations involving excessive vertical bone deficiency in edentulous mandibles, there is a risk of fracture and frequently the need for an approach that involves highly complex procedures. In this context, simultaneous three-dimensional bone reconstruction associated with rigid fixation is a viable alternative to optimize longevity and avoid failures in these cases. This clinical case report presents a technique for reconstruction of severely atrophic mandibles in an elderly female patient to allow the implant-supported prosthesis protocol. The placement of immediate implants was possible by using an intraoral approach for fixation of a titanium plate followed by guided bone regeneration in association with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2, deproteinized bovine bone mineral, and titanium mesh in a 1-stage surgical procedure. There are no reports in the literature of this approach for treating of severely atrophic mandibles. This association of techniques was shown to be predictable after 3 years of follow-up. Therefore, this protocol provides safe supported-implant prosthesis rehabilitation for patients with severely atrophic mandible.
Utilization of Biphasic Calcium Sulfate as Socket Preservation Grafting as a Prelude to Implant Placement: A Case Report
Authors: Katzap Michael , Kurtzman Gregori M.
Published: June 2021

Extraction of the natural tooth may be a prelude to implant placement. This may be done using an immediate placement protocol or require a delayed approach depending on multiple factors that include residual infection related to the failed tooth being extracted, availability of bone to stabilize the implant at placement, or soft tissue issues. Socket preservation is recommended when the delayed approach is selected to create an osseous bed with adequate height and width that can accommodate the implant that is planned.
Viewpoint: AI as Author – Bridging the Gap Between Machine Learning and Literary Theory
Authors: Van Heerden Imke , Bas Anil
Published: June 2021

Anticipating the rise in Artificial Intelligence’s ability to produce original works of literature, this study suggests that literariness, or that which constitutes a text as literary, is understudied in relation to text generation. From a computational perspective, literature is particularly challenging because it typically employs figurative and ambiguous language. Literary expertise would be beneficial to understanding how meaning and emotion are conveyed in this art form but is often overlooked. We propose placing experts from two dissimilar disciplines – machine learning and literary studies – in conversation to improve the quality of AI writing. Concentrating on evaluation as a vital stage in the text generation process, the study demonstrates that benefit could be derived from literary theoretical perspectives. This knowledge would improve algorithm design and enable a deeper understanding of how AI learns and generates.

This article appears in the special track on AI and Society.
The South African informal sector’s socio-economic exclusion from basic service provisions: A critique of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality’s approach to the informal sector
Authors: Masuku B. , Nzewi O.
Published: June 2021

This study explores the exclusion of informal micro-enterprises from the provision of basic urban infrastructure services in Duncan Village in East London, South Africa. It focuses on the informal food sector, which is dominated by women who are often held back from participating in economic activities that are more productive, as well as from social and political functions. Basic urban infrastructures, such as trading shelters with water and electricity connections provided by municipalities, are often expensive and most informal street traders find it difficult to access them. This study examines the energy struggles of the informal street food sector and its engagement with local government on issues of inclusivity on policies regulating the sector. In-depth, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 40 participants in the informal street food sector in Duncan Village. The findings reveal the lack of energy transition in the informal street food sector, because of its heavy reliance on low-quality fuels. Unreliable and expensive energy services force informal street food enterprises into using a limited range of energy sources. The findings also reveal that the relationship between the municipality and the informal street traders is one of exclusion and negligence. It is therefore suggested that government needs to recognise and value the informal sector and livelihoods of those involved in this sector, to take into account their needs, and engage with them when designing and implementing policies that regulate the sector.
Preparation of bio-oil from Scenedesmus acutus using thermochemical liquefaction in a 1 L reactor
Authors: Baloyi H. , Marx S.
Published: June 2021

Biomass from microalgae is a potential feedstock for biofuels production. It poses no threat to food security as it does not compete with agricultural crops for arable land. Scenedesmus acutus was used as feedstock to produce bio-oil in a large liquefaction reactor. The influence of reaction temperature (280–360ºC), reaction atmosphere (N2 or CO2) and solvent on bio-oil yield, C-16 fatty acid yield and oil properties were investigated. Oils were characterised using gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultimate analysis. Higher bio-oil yields were obtained in a CO2 atmosphere (250 g.kg-1 dry microalgae) than in a N2 atmosphere (210 g.kg-1 dry microalgae) whilst higher C16 fatty acid concentrations (600 g.kg-1 bio-oil) were recorded in N2 atmosphere compared to oil prepared in a CO2 atmosphere (500 g.kg-1 bio-oil). The oil yield increased to a maximum at 320°C, after which there were no significant changes. Highest bio-oil yields (425 g.kg-1 dry microalgae) were obtained in ethanol as solvent. FTIR spectroscopy and ultimate analysis showed that proteins present in the feedstock were degraded by breakage of peptide linkages, and nitrogen present in the oils is peptide fragments from protein degradation. The carbon content of all produced oils was high, but the hydrogen content was low, leading to low hydrogen/carbon ratios. Energy consumption and energy efficiency calculations showed that liquefaction in both reaction atmospheres results in a net energy gain, and a CO2 atmosphere is best for high energy efficiency.
Drivers of cooking energy choices by meal-types among smallholder farmers in western Kenya
Authors: Mwaura F.M. , Ngigi M. , Obare G.
Published: June 2021

There are gaps in research needed to enhance policy intervention for rural households’ transitions from traditional biomass to cleaner energy sources. This paper reports on a survey among farmers in western Kenya to assess drivers of cooking energy choices for various key meals; to understand agricultural production factors in cooking energy choices; and to assess energy use homogeneity among varied sub-counties. The study sampled 388 respondents from four heterogeneous rural sub-counties differing in altitude, proximity to public forests, and cultural characteristics. The multinomial logit model analysis showed that significant factors influencing the shift from firewood to LPG for breakfast preparation included access to credit, income, formal employment, and the proportion of adults in the household. Shifting from firewood to crop wastes was significant, influenced by distance covered to collect firewood, and desire for warming houses. The shift from firewood to sticks was influenced by firewood cost, houses owned, and reliance on own farm for woodfuel. Determinants of cooking energy choices for breakfast, lunch and supper were identical. Sticks were seen as an inferior cooking energy source. The adoption of cleaner energy was more associated with breakfast than other meals. Despite the sub-counties’ heterogeneity, no substantial differences were observed among them on drivers of cooking energy choices. Study outcomes were consistent with other concepts associated with cooking energy usage, including the transition energy ladder and energy stacking.
Aligning with feminism: Critical autoethnographic reflections of a profeminist heterosexual male teacher educator
Authors: Maistry Suriamurthee Moonsamy
Published: June 2021

In the last two decades, education scholarship has made significant progress in advancing the feminist social justice agenda with women scholars having been almost entirely the drivers of this movement. Women scholars in teacher education have been successful in establishing and consolidating this disciplinary field of study quite firmly in the teacher education curriculum. Despite this, many forms of oppression, including domestic or intimate partner violence and sex- and gender-based violence, continue to plague South African universities and society in general. The current COVID-19 pandemic's mandatory home confinement restrictions have further exacerbated the conditions for individuals likely to experience domestic violence. Men have been relatively silent and inactive in this social justice project. There is also limited extant scholarship that addresses the role that profeminist men might play in this social justice enterprise. There is also little work that attempts to understand the level of sophistication with which men understand feminism, determine with which feminisms men might align themselves, and the accountability and responsibility that might come with assuming certain positions. In this critical autoethnographic piece, I engage with the questions of how critical pedagogical encounters in a teacher education course might serve as disruptive devices that trouble stubbornly resistant gendered socialisations. I draw on my experiences as a teacher educator as I struggle to locate and identify my own profeminist positionality and the tensions this presents. I contemplate the poststructuralist caution about writing (my)self into a text given that the writing self is an evolving/changing self. I reflect on my attempt to disrupt obliviousness as I contemplate the prospect of self-disclosure as a point of entry for profeminist men's praxis in a teacher education programme subscribed to by young men (and women) deeply socialised in a patriarchal history and culture.
"Do all roads lead to Rome?": The influence of two different higher education programmes on beginner teacher identity
Authors: van der Westhuizen Mické , Woest Yolandi
Published: June 2021

In this qualitative case study, we explored the experiences of beginner teachers who chose two different routes-full-time and part-time studying-on the journey to becoming teachers and we report on the influences of this choice on their emergent beginner teacher identities. We purposefully selected two groups of participants, each consisting of three who studied full-time and three who studied part-time. The latter worked part-time at schools or in similar educational contexts while they were studying. Epistemologically underpinned by the interpretivist paradigm, we employed the Possible Selves theory (Marcus & Nurius, 1986) as the theoretical lens. Inductive thematic analysis of data demonstrated three main themes. First, data showed a distinct divergence between the perceptions of initial beginner teacher identity states in the two groups of participants. Second, both groups of participants agreed that time is a significant factor in the complex psychological processes required for the construction of a beginner teacher identity. Third, both groups strongly considered practical experience as an essential factor for beginner teacher identity development.
Research for policy and practice in teacher education: The case of the Professional Practice Schools research project
Authors: Robinson Maureen
Published: June 2021

This article starts from an acknowledgement of the complexity of connecting research, policy, and practice in teacher education. Using the framework of a practice architecture, I use a case study approach to explore how researchers, policy-makers, and teacher educators experienced a research project aimed at exploring the conditions for the establishment of Professional Practice Schools in South Africa. My discussion highlights the importance of seeing policy work as action-oriented inquiry, where the experiences of those directly involved in a policy are taken into central consideration. I outline enabling and constraining factors in supporting positive interconnections in this case study. I end the article by offering a hopeful view of conditions of possibility for further engagement between different sectors in the research-policy-practice nexus.
Beyond classroom walls: The role of a co-curricular English club in supporting second language learning
Authors: Sheokarah Jennifer , Pillay Ansurie
Published: June 2021

Second language learners of English in South Africa and beyond face challenges in acquiring the target language. In this paper, we report on a study during which we worked with an English Language Club set up as a co-curricular activity at a South African high school. We focus on one activity of the club that took place beyond the classroom walls to help learners improve their spelling. While the activities of the club were underpinned by critical pedagogy, we interpreted the findings of the study using Krashen's Affective Filter hypothesis. Using a critical paradigm, a qualitative approach, and an action research design, in this aspect of the study, as foregrounded in this paper, we aimed to answer the question of how learners' attitudes towards spelling may be changed by an activity outside the classroom. Our observations, fieldnotes, and reflections revealed that learners are able to transcend their fear of the language and increase their participation levels when they are in a relaxed learning environment that values their interests; this increased, in turn, their self-confidence. We argue for the use of alternative teaching methods to complement conventional teaching and learning.
The digital divide at three disadvantaged secondary schools in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Chisango Grasia , Marongwe Newlin
Published: June 2021

In this study, we aimed to explore the extent of the digital divide at three quintile 1 secondary schools in Sedibeng West, Gauteng, South Africa. The rapid diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT) has changed the education sector along with others in societies around the globe. Technology, and, in particular, the internet, has affected, for instance, the ways in which learners communicate with teachers, learn, and work. With the advent of the internet, teaching and learning is no longer confined to classrooms. However, the digital divide, exposed by the closing of schools because of Covid-19 has now become more apparent. We collected data from 48 teachers and 3 school principals through focus group discussions and in-depth face-to-face interviews, respectively. We conclude that the three schools whose principals we interviewed, suffer from the inadequacy of ICT that creates digital, information, and knowledge divides between schools of different quintiles. Furthermore, these schools cannot run online classes during school closures related to Covid-19. We recommend training teachers and learners on how to use technology in teaching and learning since this would help to overcome difficulties during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Genomic DNA extraction from Mycobacterium avium v1
Authors: Komatsu Tetsuya
Published: June 2021

Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is one of the most important agents causing non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infection in human and pigs. Genome analysis on MAH of human isolates has been proceeding, however, those of pigs are limited despite its potential source of infection to human. Here, we isolated MAH from pig lymph nodes or livers and obtained their genomes.
ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİNİN KREDİ HACMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: Erkan Seray , Ceylan Servet
Published: June 2021

Ekonomide enflasyon yüksekliği kadar enflasyon belirsizliği de diğer bütün sektörlerde olduğu gibi bankacılık sektörünü olumsuz etkilemektedir. Enflasyon belirsizliğinin kredi piyasasında risk oluşturmakta ve piyasa aksaklığı yaratarak kredi hacmini düşürmektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisinde enflasyon belirsizliğinin banka kredi hacmi üzerindeki olası etkisini araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla ARDL yöntemine dayalı sınır testi kullanılarak enflasyon belirsizliği ile kredi hacmi arasındaki uzun dönem ilişki incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, iki değişken arasında uzun dönemli ilişki olduğunu ve Türkiye ekonomisinde enflasyon belirsizliğinin kredi hacmini olumsuz etkilediğini göstermiştir.
THE EFFECT OF AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP ON JOB STRESS
Authors: Sağbaş Murat , Karabal Cem , Sürücü Lütfi
Published: June 2021

Kovid-19 pandemisi ile beraber turizm sektöründe yaşanan belirsizlikler, çalışanlar üzerinde önemli bir stres kaynağı oluşturmuştur. Hizmet kalitesini artırmak ve örgütsel başarıyı sağlamak için çalışanlarda oluşan bu stresin azaltılması gerekmektedir. Araştırmada, bu tür kaotik ortamlarda çalışanlarını motive etmeyi başaran otantik liderliğin, iş stresi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma amacına uygun olarak Alanya’daki otel çalışanlarına anket uygulaması yapılmıştır (n=311). Elde edilen veriler SPSS 24.0 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları otantik liderliğin tüm alt boyutlarının (self-awareness, rational transparency, balanced processing and internalized moral perspective) çalışanlarda iş stresini azalttığını göstermektedir. Araştırma bulguları, turizm sektöründeki yöneticilerin ilgisi çekecek niteliktedir. Ayrıca araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, otelcilik sektörüne yönelik yapılacak olan çalışanlara kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır.