bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring anesthesiology nurse’ presenteeism in China: cross-sectional study
Authors: Jianlan Ren , Mei Yuan , Chunyan Yang , Rendie Xie , Yiping Bai , Li Liu
Published: July 2024

Background

The department of anesthesiology is the main battlefield for the treatment of acute and critical patients, with high work risk and high work pressure. Due to the particularity of the working environment and nature of work, medical staff have become a group with a high incidence of occupational exhaustion and presenteeism.

Objective

To investigate the current status of presenteeism among anesthesiology nurses in China and to analyze the related influencing factors.

Methods

Three hundred twelve anesthesiology nurses in Sichuan Province were surveyed by means of general data questionnaire, presenteeism scale, work-family conflict scale, perceived social support scale, occupational commitment scale and stress resistance scale from September to November 2023 by convenience sampling method.

Results

The total score of presenteeism was (14.67 ± 3.92), the score of work-family conflict was (45.44 ± 15.90), the score of professional commitment was (87.28 ± 14.30), and the score of perceived social support was (66.04 ± 12.78). The evaluation score of stress resistance was (73.35 ± 11.54). The results of multivariate analysis showed that age, education, mode of employment, position, overtime hours per week, work-family conflict, perceived social support and stress resistance were the factors that affected the presenteeism of anesthesiology nurses, which could explain 44.1% of the total variation. The position ( β = 0.296, P < 0.001), overtime hours per week (h) ( β = 0.271, P < 0.001), perceived social support ( β = -0.279, P < 0.001) turned out as the stronger predictors of presenteeism.

Conclusion

The presenteeism of anesthesiology nurses is at a high level and needs to be further improved. Clinical nursing managers should pay attention to the physical and mental health and special needs of anesthesiology nurses. Interventions are made according to the main influencing factors, so as to reduce the incidence of presenteeism and improve the quality and safety of surgery.
Development of a novel percutaneous digital flexible nephroscope: its use and application
Authors: Luo Hongbo , Yuan Yuan , Shi Haibo , Hu Chuanqing , Hu Xun , Luo Linlin , Wang Cong , Luo Pengcheng , Wang Lei
Published: July 2024

Background

Renal calculi are one of the most frequent diseases in urology, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) being the gold standard for treating renal calculi larger than 2 cm. However, traditional rigid nephroscope cannot bend, presents significant limitations during PCNL. This study aims to develop a novel digital flexible nephroscope for PCNL and verify its safety and efficacy using 3D printed models and ex vivo porcine kidney models, providing new equipment for PCNL.

Methods

Based on the determined technical parameters, the novel digital flexible nephroscope was manufactured. First, 3D-printed model and ex vivo porcine kidney models were utilized to simulate the PCNL procedures. Then, the traditional rigid nephroscope and the novel digital flexible nephroscope were utilized to simulate the PCNL procedures on 10 ex vivo porcine kidneys for comparison. We observed and recorded the renal calyces visualized and accessed by both the traditional rigid nephroscope and the novel digital flexible nephroscope.

Results

In both the 3D printing and ex vivo porcine kidney models, the novel percutaneous digital flexible nephroscope smoothly entered the renal collecting system through the percutaneous renal tract. It freely changed angles to reach most target calyces, demonstrating significant advantages over the traditional rigid nephroscope.

Conclusion

The successful development of the novel percutaneous digital flexible nephroscope allows it to be used either independently or as an adjunct in complex stone cases, providing more effective and safer surgical equipment for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Rare presentation of maxillary osteonecrosis and tooth exfoliation induced by herpes zoster infection in a 29-year-old Chinese male: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sun Jian , Zhao ZhenPeng , He Jianfeng
Published: July 2024

Background

We present a case of a 29-year-old male patient without immunodeficiency who suffered from rapid osteonecrosis and tooth exfoliation resulting from herpes zoster (HZ) infection in the left maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve. Various complications associated with shingles infections have been reported, cases of osteonecrosis and tooth exfoliation due to HZ infection among young people without immunodeficiency are rare. In this case, we focus on the particular manifestation of HZ infection.

Case presentation

The patient presented with clusters of erythema and papules, along with non-hemorrhagic blisters on the left face and the loss of the left upper incisor. All lesions were localized to the left side of the face without exceeding the midline. After receiving antibacterial and antiviral treatment, successful control over the infection was achieved; however, he experienced the loss of all upper teeth on the left side except for the first and second upper left molars.

Conclusion

This case highlights that rapid osteonecrosis and tooth exfoliation may occur among young individuals without immunodeficiency after HZ infection. HZ infection of the face should be taken very seriously to obtain prompt treatment to prevent the rare complications of bone necrosis and tooth loss as much as possible.
Challenges and solutions of medical residency: the example of Iran
Authors: Rahimi Behrooz , Nemati Ali , Tadayon Behzad , Samadpour Mahmood , Biglarkhani Amin
Published: July 2024

Background

Medical residency constitutes a highly demanding and taxing phase in the professional journey of physicians. Factors such as low income, excessive workloads, and uncertainty regarding their career trajectory can contribute to diminished job satisfaction among residents. Neglecting this issue can have enduring negative effects on the quality and quantity of healthcare services provided. This research aims to explore the challenges encountered during medical residency and propose viable solutions.

Methods

In this qualitative study conducted in 2023, interviews were employed to identify challenges, facilitators, barriers, and potential solutions associated with transitioning from residency to a job. In the qualitative section, a purposive selection process led to the inclusion of 26 interviewees, and for the Delphi method, 17 experts were purposefully chosen at three hierarchical levels: macro (Ministry of Health), intermediate (university), and executive (hospital). Qualitative data underwent analysis using a conceptual framework, while Delphi data were subjected to quantitative analysis.

Results

The qualitative analysis revealed five general themes with 13 main categories and 70 sub-categories as challenges, two general themes as facilitators, and barriers to the transition from residency to a job. Additionally, eight main categories with 52 interventions were identified as solutions to overcome these barriers. In the Delphi stage, the number of proposed solutions was streamlined to 44 interventions. The most significant challenges identified in this study included high workload during residency, low income, career-related uncertainties, issues related to welfare services, and challenges in education and communication.

Conclusion

The decline in residents’ willingness, coupled with the substantial work and financial pressures they face, poses a serious threat to the healthcare system, necessitating significant reforms. Transitioning from residency to a full-fledged job emerges as a potential avenue to address a substantial portion of the expressed needs. Implementing these reforms demands resolute determination and collaboration with sectors beyond the healthcare system, integrated into a comprehensive national healthcare plan that considers the country’s capabilities.
A glaucoma micro-stent with diverging channel and stepped shaft structure based on microfluidic template processing technology
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Fule , Liao Yunru , Zuo Chengguo , Lin Mingkai , Wang Kemin , Ren Dongni , Zhang Hongbo , Yin Ruixue
Published: July 2024

Background

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has experienced a surge in popularity in recent years. Glaucoma micro-stents serve as the foundation for these minimally invasive procedures. Nevertheless, the utilization of these stents still presents certain short-term and long-term complications. This study aims to elucidate the creation of a novel drainage stent implant featuring a diverging channel, produced through microfluidic template processing technology. Additionally, an analysis of the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and feasibility of implantation is conducted.

Results

The stress concentration value of the proposed stent is significantly lower, approximately two to three times smaller, compared to the currently available commercial XEN gel stent. This indicates a stronger resistance to bending in theory. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the initial drainage efficiency of the gradient diverging drainage stent is approximately 5.76 times higher than that of XEN stents. Notably, in vivo experiments conducted at the third month demonstrate a favorable biocompatibility profile without any observed cytotoxicity. Additionally, the drainage stent exhibits excellent material stability in an in vitro simulation environment.

Conclusions

In summary, the diverging drainage stent presents a novel approach to the cost-effective and efficient preparation process of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) devices, offering additional filtering treatment options for glaucoma.
Fast fabrication of “all-in-one” injectable hydrogels as antibiotic alternatives for enhanced bacterial inhibition and accelerating wound healing
Authors: Xin Juan , Yang Zhangyou , Zhang Shurong , Sun Lili , Wang Xin , Tang Yang , Xiao Yan , Huang Honglin , Li Wei
Published: July 2024

Skin wound infection has become a notable medical threat. Herein, the polysaccharide-based injectable hydrogels with multifunctionality were developed by a simple and fast gelation process not only to inactivate bacteria but also to accelerate bacteria-infected wound healing. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) loaded PCN-224 nanoparticles were introduced into the polymer matrix formed by the dynamic and reversible coordinate bonds between Ag+ with carboxyl and amino or hydroxyl groups on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in the polymer to fabricate SNP@PCN@Gel hydrogels. SNP@PCN@Gel displayed interconnected porous structure, excellent self-healing capacity, low cytotoxicity, good blood compatibility, and robust antibacterial activity. SNP@PCN@Gel could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO along with Fe2+, and showed long-term sustained release of Ag+, thereby effectively killing bacteria by synergistic photothermal (hyperthermia), photodynamic (ROS), chemodynamic (Fenton reaction), gas (NO) and ion (Ag+ and -NH3+ in CMCS) therapy. Remarkably, the hydrogels significantly promoted granulation tissue formation, reepithelization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis as well as wound contraction in bacteria-infected wound healing. Taken together, the strategy represented a general method to engineer the unprecedented photoactivatable “all-in-one” hydrogels with enhanced antibacterial activity and paved a new way for development of antibiotic alternatives and wound dressing.

Graphical abstract
Perspectives of key interest groups regarding supervised Consumption sites (SCS) and novel virtual harm reduction services / overdose response hotlines and applications: a qualitative Canadian study
Authors: Seo Boogyung , Rioux William , Teare Adrian , Rider Nathan , Jones Stephanie , Taplay Pamela , Ghosh S. Monty
Published: July 2024

Background

Supervised consumption sites (SCS) and overdose prevention sites (OPS) have been implemented across Canada to mitigate harms associated with illicit substance use. Despite their successes, they still contend with challenges that limit their accessibility and uptake. Overdose response hotlines and apps are novel virtual technologies reminiscent of informal “spotting” methods that may address some of the limitations. Here, we strove to qualitatively examine the factors that may encourage or deter utilization of these virtual services and SCS.

Methods

A total of 52 participants across Canada were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling methods. These included people with lived and living experience of substance use, family members of people with lived experience, healthcare providers, community harm reduction workers, and virtual harm reduction operators. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted and inductive thematic analysis was performed to identify the themes pertaining to SCS and virtual harm reduction.

Results

Participants viewed overdose response hotline and apps as an opportunity to consume substances without being hindered by logistical barriers (e.g., wait times), fear of law enforcement, invasion of privacy, and more. They also noted that these virtual services provided more flexibility for clients who opt for routes of consumption that are not supported by SCS, such as smoking. Overall, SCS was perceived to be better than virtual services at facilitating social connection, providing additional resources/referrals, as well as prompt response to overdose.

Conclusion

In sum, participants viewed SCS and virtual services as filling different needs and gaps. This study adds to a growing body of literature which informs how virtual harm reduction services can serve as useful adjunct to more standard harm reduction methods.
Cuproptosis, the novel type of oxidation-induced cell death in thoracic cancers: can it enhance the success of immunotherapy?
Authors: Zhao Ruiwen , Sukocheva Olga , Tse Edmund , Neganova Margarita , Aleksandrova Yulia , Zheng Yufei , Gu Hao , Zhao Deyao , Madhunapantula SabbaRao V. , Zhu Xiaorong , Liu Junqi , Fan Ruitai
Published: July 2024

Copper is an important metal micronutrient, required for the balanced growth and normal physiological functions of human organism. Copper-related toxicity and dysbalanced metabolism were associated with the disruption of intracellular respiration and the development of various diseases, including cancer. Notably, copper-induced cell death was defined as cuproptosis which was also observed in malignant cells, representing an attractive anti-cancer instrument. Excess of intracellular copper leads to the aggregation of lipoylation proteins and toxic stress, ultimately resulting in the activation of cell death. Differential expression of cuproptosis-related genes was detected in normal and malignant tissues. Cuproptosis-related genes were also linked to the regulation of oxidative stress, immune cell responses, and composition of tumor microenvironment. Activation of cuproptosis was associated with increased expression of redox-metabolism-regulating genes, such as ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), lipoic acid synthetase (LIAS), lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), drolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (PDHA1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (PDHB)). Accordingly, copper-activated network was suggested as an attractive target in cancer therapy. Mechanisms of cuproptosis and regulation of cuproptosis-related genes in different cancers and tumor microenvironment are discussed in this study. The analysis of current findings indicates that therapeutic regulation of copper signaling, and activation of cuproptosis-related targets may provide an effective tool for the improvement of immunotherapy regimens.

Graphical Abstract
Enhancing HIV treatment and support: a qualitative inquiry into client and healthcare provider perspectives on differential service delivery models in Uganda
Authors: Katongole Simon Peter , Mukama Semei Christopher , Nakawesi Jane , Bindeeba Dedrix , Simons Ezajob , Mugisa Andrew , Senyimba Catherine , Namitala Eve , Onzima Robert Anguyo D. D. M. , Mukasa Barbara
Published: July 2024

Background

HIV/AIDS continues to be a significant contributor to illness and death, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we conducted a qualitative assessment to understand Client and Healthcare Provider Perspectives on Differential Service Delivery Models in Uganda. The purpose was to establish strengths and weaknesses within the services delivery models, inform policy and decision-making, and to facilitate context specific solutions.

Methods

Between February and April 2023, a qualitative cross-sectional study was utilised to gather insights from a targeted selection of individuals, including People Living with HIV (PLHIV), healthcare workers, HIV focal persons, community retail pharmacists, and various stakeholders. The data collection process included eleven in-depth interviews, nine key informant interviews, and eight focus group discussions carried out across eight districts in Central Uganda. The collected data was analyzed through inductive thematic analysis with the aid of Excel.

Results

The various Differentiated Service Delivery Models (DSDMs), notably Community-Client-Led Drug Distribution (CCLAD), Community Drug Distribution Point (CDDP), Community Retail Pharmacy Drug Distribution Point (CRPDDP), and the facility-based Facility Based Individual Model (FBIM), were reported to have several positive impacts. These included improved treatment adherence, efficient management of antiretroviral (ARV) supplies, reduced exposure to infectious diseases, enhanced healthcare worker hospitality, minimized travel time for ART refills, stigma reduction, and decreased waiting times. Concern was raised about the lack of improvement in HIV status disclosure, opportunistic infection treatment, adherence to seasonal appointments, and sustainability due to the overreliance of the DSDMs on donor funding, suggesting potential discontinuation without funding. Doubts about health workers’ commitment surfaced. Notably, the CCLAD model displayed self-sustainability, with clients financially supporting group members to collect medicines.

Conclusion

Community-based DSDMs, such as CCLAD and CDDP, improve ART refill convenience, social support, and client experiences. These models reduce travel and waiting times, lowering infection risks. Addressing challenges and enhancing facility-based models is vital. In order to maintain funding after donor funding ends, sustainability measures like cross-subsidization can be used. If well implemented, the DSDMs have the potential to produce better or comparable ART outcomes compared to the FBIM model.
Delphi method applicability in drug foresight
Authors: Lintonen Tomi , Karjalainen Karoliina , Rönkä Sanna , Kotovirta Elina , Niemelä Solja
Published: July 2024

Background

The aim of the current study was to assess the accuracy of expert predictions, which were derived using a Delphi panel foresight study between 2009 and 2011, on a variety of drug-related topics in Finland in 2020.

Methods

The material used to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions consists of published reports on statistics, survey results, official register data, wastewater analyses and official documents. Whenever possible, we used multiple information sources to ascertain possible changes related to the predictions.

Results

Between 2009 and 2011, the majority – but not all – of the experts accurately predicted an increase in drug use. Indeed, more people experimented with or used drugs, and more drug residues were found in wastewater monitoring. The experts also correctly predicted an increase in population-level approval of drug use, but this development has been rather slow. Contrary to predictions, there was no marked increase in the use of new synthetic drugs. However, the misuse of buprenorphine increased during the 2010s. In the drug market, unit prices were surprisingly stable over the ten-year period. There were no changes in legislation related to the legal status of drugs, as was foreseen by the experts. However, enforcement moved in the direction foreseen by the experts: more lenient measures have been taken against users. Drug care system reforms favored a combination of mental health and addiction care units between 2009 and 2011, and 2020, as foreseen by the experts.

Conclusions

It seems to have been easier for the experts to foresee the continuation of existing trends, e.g., increasing use of drugs or widening approval of drugs, than to predict possible changes in the popularity of distinct groups of drugs such as new psychoactive substances (NPS). Even armed with the prediction that drug imports and wholesale would increasingly fall into the domain of organized crime, this undesirable development could not be stopped. Expert disagreement can also be seen as a valuable indication of uncertainty regarding the future. Foresight related to drug-related issues can produce relatively accurate and realistic views of the future at least up to ten years ahead.
Minimally invasive techniques utilizing the “Joy Stick” method for managing irreducible flexion-type supracondylar fractures of the humerus in older children
Authors: Li Yang , Feng Yongyi , Chu XiangJun , Yuan Yue , Yuan Yi , Sun Jun
Published: July 2024

Objective

In this study, we investigated the efficacy of percutaneous poking reduction and Kirschner wire fixation in older children with irreducible supracondylar flexion-type fractures of the humerus.

Methods

This retrospective investigation included 27 children, comprising 15 males and 12 females, aged between 10 years and 3 months to 14 years and 11 months, all diagnosed with a flexion-type supracondylar fracture of the humerus within one week of trauma. All patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia. Following unsuccessful manual reduction, percutaneous poking reduction with Kirschner wires was performed under C-arm fluoroscopy to achieve fracture reduction. Following successful reduction, three 2.0 mm Kirschner wires were inserted in a cross pattern to secure the fracture ends. Postoperatively, the elbow joint was immobilized in a functional position with a plaster cast for four weeks.

Results

Follow-up in the outpatient department ranged from 9 to 36 months. Clinical functional assessment using Flynn’s criteria rated 24 cases as excellent, 2 as good, and 1 as fair, yielding an overall efficacy of 96.3%. No cases of fracture re-displacement, fracture fragment necrosis, or other complications such as nonunion, iatrogenic nerve injury, myositis ossificans, or long-term elbow joint dysfunction were observed during the postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion

The percutaneous poking reduction and Kirschner wire fixation technique is a simple and reliable procedure for treating irreducible flexion-type supracondylar fractures of the humerus in older children, with minimal trauma. This technique offers substantial stability for the fracture and results in excellent long-term recovery of joint function.
Does previous total hip arthroplasty affect the outcomes of total knee arthroplasty? A one- and five-year follow-up registry study in a monocentric hospital
Authors: Ristolainen Leena , Kettunen Jyrki , Lohikoski Jouni , Kautiainen Hannu , Manninen Mikko
Published: July 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis in the lower extremities becomes more common as people age. In addition to conservative treatments, hip or knee arthroplasty is often needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate total knee arthroplasty (later TKA) in patients, comparing those who had previously undergone THA (later THA/TKA), with those who had not undergone such procedure. Pain, walking ability and functional capacity were assessed.

Methods

Patients who underwent primary TKA between 1987 and 2017 at a single orthopaedic hospital was included in this study. The patients participated in clinical preoperative and postoperative examinations by an orthopaedic surgeon after one- and five- years. The final study group consisted of 418 patients who had undergone 502 knee arthroplasties. Of these 502 TKA cases, 462 had not undergone previous THA and 40 had undergone previous THA. To evaluate the patients’ physical function and walking ability, a structure form for knee arthroplasty based on the Hungerford score was used. The registry data from the Finnish National Institute of Health and Welfare was used. The data included TKA revision(s) and mortality events.

Results

At the baseline and after one- and five- years primary TKA, no statistical differences were found in the total Hungerford score between TKA patients and THA/TKA patients. In both groups, the total score increased per surgery year. However, when analysing the relationship between the year of operation and the total score, no statistical differences were found between the groups (TKA and THA/TKA) at five years (p = 0.61). The only statistical difference found between the groups was in walking distance points after one year; THA/TKA patients (mean 83 [SD 17]) could walk remarkably shorter distances than TKA patients (91 [14]) one year after arthroplasty (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In conclusion, walking distance improved more rapidly in TKA patients than in THA/TKA patients. However, patients who underwent more than one arthroplasty in their lower extremities managed their lives, activities, and pain almost as well as those who underwent only one knee arthroplasty.
Successfully saving a child with destuctive iliac artery damage by hybrid surgery
Authors: Chen Jianfeng , Zheng Wei , Liu Tingting , Li Xianling , Xin Zhong , Han Zhonglong , Wu Yingfeng
Published: July 2024

Non-iatrogenic trauma of the iliac artery is rarely reported but is always life-threatening. In this report, we describe the case of a child with complete transection and partial disappearance of the iliac artery caused by bicycle handlebar impalement. He experienced catastrophic hemorrhage, malignant arrhythmia, and difficulty in exploring transected vessel stumps. Aggressive infusion, blood transfusion in time, and pediatric vascular characteristics help delay the deterioration during anesthesia induction. Eventually he was successfully rescued by performing interventional balloon occlusion and open revascularization after more than 7 h post-trauma. A series of interventions and precautionary methods may benefit such severely injured patients; thus, these methods should be highlighted.
Uncertainty in REDD+ carbon accounting: a survey of experts involved in REDD+ reporting
Authors: Butler Brett J. , Sass Emma M. , Gamarra Javier G. P. , Campbell John L. , Wayson Craig , Olguín Marcela , Carrillo Oswaldo , Yanai Ruth D.
Published: July 2024

Background

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is a program established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to reduce carbon emissions from forests in developing countries. REDD+ uses an incentive-based approach whereby participating countries are paid to reduce forest carbon loss and increase carbon storage. Country-level carbon accounting is challenging, and estimates of uncertainty in emission reductions are increasingly required in REDD+ reports. This requirement is hard to meet if countries lack the necessary resources, tools, and capabilities. Some REDD+ programs adjust their payments for the uncertainty reported, which presents a perverse incentive because uncertainties are larger if more sources of uncertainty are reported. We surveyed people involved in REDD+ reporting to assess current capacities and barriers to improving estimates of uncertainty.

Results

Representatives from 27 countries (44% of REDD+ countries at the time of survey implementation) responded to the survey. Nearly all respondents thought it important to include uncertainty in REDD+ reports, but most felt that the uncertainty reporting by their countries was inadequate. Our independent assessment of reports by these countries to the UNFCCC supported this opinion: Most countries reported uncertainty in activity data (91%) but not in emission factors (4–14%). Few countries use more advanced approaches to estimate uncertainty, such as Monte Carlo and Bayesian techniques, and many respondents indicated that they lack expertise, knowledge, or technical assistance. Other barriers include lack of financial resources and appropriate data. Despite these limitations, nearly all respondents indicated a strong desire to improve estimates of uncertainty in REDD+ reports.

Conclusions

The survey indicated that people involved in REDD+ reporting think it highly important to improve estimates of uncertainty in forest carbon accounting. To meet this challenge, it is essential to understand the obstacles countries face in quantifying uncertainty so we can identify where best to allocate efforts and funds. Investments in training and resources are clearly needed to better quantify uncertainty and would likely have successful outcomes given the strong desire for improvement. Tracking the efficacy of programs implemented to improve estimates of uncertainty would be useful for making further refinements.
Sociodemographic influences on private and professional contact behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: cross-sectional analysis based on a Regional Blood Donor Cohort
Authors: Pohl Robert , Stallmann Christoph , Marquardt Pauline , Bank Ute , Färber Jacqueline , Scheibler Lotte , Heuft Hans-Gert , Kaasch Achim J. , Apfelbacher Christian
Published: July 2024

Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant health and socioeconomic impacts worldwide. Extensive measures, including contact restrictions, were implemented to control the spread of the virus. This study aims to examine the factors that influenced private and professional contact behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

We used baseline data (January–April 2021) from the SeMaCo study (Serologische Untersuchungen bei Blutspendern des Großraums Magdeburg auf Antikörper gegen SARS-CoV-2), a longitudinal, regional cohort study assessing COVID-19 seroprevalence in blood donors from Magdeburg and surrounding areas in Germany. In the blood donor cohort (n = 2,195), there was a general reduction in private contacts (by 78.9%) and professional contacts (by 54.4%) after March 18, 2020. Individuals with higher education reduced both private (by 84.1%) and professional (by 70.1%) contacts more than those with lower education levels (private contacts 59.5%; professional contacts 37%). Younger age groups (18–30 years) reduced private contacts more frequently (by 85.4%) than older individuals (61–83 years, by 68.6%) and demonstrated a higher likelihood of private contact reduction compared to older age groups (51–60 years: odds ratio (OR) 0.45 [95% [CI] 0.32–0.65]; 61–83 years: OR 0.33 [95% [CI] 0.22–0.48]).
The effect of basic public health service equalization on settlement intention of migrant workers in China: the mediating effect model based on subjective feelings
Authors: Liu Pei , Long Zhiping , Ding Xuemeng
Published: July 2024

Background

During the 14th Five-Year Plan, China aims to transform rural migrants into urban citizens and ensure equal access to public services to enhance new urbanization. Understanding migrant workers' settlement intentions is crucial for their citizenship development. Based on the fundamental role of the right to life and health, equalization of basic public health services is essential. Therefore, understanding the potential impact of public health services equalization on the settlement intention of migrant workers is crucial in China’s new urbanization.

Method

In this study, we utilized data from the 2017 wave of China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) and employed the Propensity Score Matching method to investigate the impact of basic public health service equalization policy on the settlement intention of migrant workers. Additionally, we utilized the Mediation Effect Model to uncover the impact mechanism.

Results

Our findings indicate that basic public health service equalization policy has a significant positive effect on increasing the settlement intention of migrant workers, with an even greater effect observed among the low-income group, the cross-provincial subsample, and the new generation subsample. The results of the Mediation Effect Model suggest that Basic public health service equalization policy can bolster the subjective integration willingness and subjective identity of migrant workers, thereby enhancing their settlement intention.

Conclusion

Based on the results, we propose to strengthen the promotion of the basic public health service equalization policy and expand the coverage of health records to further increase the settlement intention of migrant workers.
Trend analysis of air temperature in a megacity between two continents: the synoptic weather station in İstanbul Atatürk Airport
Authors: Çapraz Özkan
Published: July 2024

İstanbul is the largest city located in the Mediterranean Basin and has a medium to high risk of climate change and future climate risks. Changes in temperature and other weather variables have had significant impacts on İstanbul. In this context, there is a need for studies on the issues of climate monitoring and climate change vulnerability to reduce the adverse impacts. The aim of this study is to investigate the temperature trends of synoptic weather station in İstanbul Atatürk Airport between 1973 and 2023 to have a general idea about how the temperature has changed over the last half-century and to establish statistically whether a trend is significant or not. The values of minimum (Tmin), maximum (Tmax) and mean (Tmean) temperature related parameters were estimated. Annual, monthly and seasonal temperature trends are also analyzed. The findings of this study indicate a significant (p < 0.001) rise in the mean air temperature (Tmean) of İstanbul over the past 51 years (1973–2023), with an annual warming trend of 0.06 °C. The strongest increasing trend in seasonal mean air temperatures has been observed in the summer season, with an increase of 0.08 °C per year. The trend analysis also shows a statistically non-significant increase in yearly average minimum temperature (Tmin) between 1973 and 2023, with a rate of 0.04 °C per year. However, the annual maximum temperature (Tmax) has shown no changes.
A location fingerprinting approach for the automated radio telemetry of wildlife and comparison to alternative methods
Authors: van Osta John M. , Dreis Brad , Grogan Laura F. , Castley J. Guy
Published: July 2024

Background

Automated radio telemetry (ART) systems enable high-temporal resolution data collection for species unsuited to satellite-based methods. A challenge of ART systems is estimating the location of radio tagged animals from the radio signals received on multiple antennas within an ART array. Localisation methods for ART systems with omni-directional receivers have undergone rapid development in recent years, with the inclusion of machine learning techniques. However, comparable machine learning methods for ART systems with directional antennas are unavailable, despite their potential for improved accuracy and greater versatility. To address this, we introduce an open-source machine learning-based location fingerprinting method for directional antenna-based ART systems. We compare this method to two alternative localisation approaches. Both alternatives use relative signal strengths recorded among multiple antennas to estimate the signal’s angle of arrival at each receiver. In the ‘biangulation’ approach, the location is estimated by finding the intersection of these angles from two receivers. In contrast, the ‘linear regression’ approach uses a linear regression model to estimate the distance from the receiver along the angle of arrival, providing a location estimate. We evaluate these methods using an ART data set collected for the southern black-throated finch (Poephila cincta cincta), in the Desert Uplands Bioregion of Queensland, Australia.

Results

The location fingerprinting method performed slightly better than the best performing alternative, the linear regression method, with mean positional errors of 308 m (SE = 17.7) and 335 m (SE = 18.5), respectively. The biangulation method performed substantially worse, with a mean positional error of 550 m (SE = 42.9, median = 540 m). Improved accuracy was observed with shorter distances between transmitters and receivers, higher signal strengths, and a greater number of detecting receivers, suggesting that increasing receiver density improves localisation accuracy, albeit with potential trade-offs in system coverage or cost. Furthermore, shorter pulse intervals of transmitters resulted in greater accuracy, highlighting the trade-offs among battery life, transmitter weight and radiative power.

Conclusions

The open-source location fingerprinting method offers an improved and versatile localisation approach suitable for a wide variety of ART system designs, addressing the challenge of developing study-specific localisation methods using alternative approaches.
The influence of physical activity, adherence to Mediterranean diet, and weight status on the psychological well-being of adolescents
Authors: Mateo-Orcajada Adrián , Abenza-Cano Lucía , Molina-Morote Juan Manuel , Vaquero-Cristóbal Raquel
Published: July 2024

The mental health of adolescents is a determining factor for their adequate development, but is influenced by factors such as physical activity, nutrition, gender, and weight status. However, previous research has not analysed differences in psychological status, mainly in basic psychological needs and life satisfaction, among male and female adolescents with different levels of physical activity, weight status and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD). For this reason, the objectives of the present investigation were to establish whether the differences between active and inactive adolescents in basic psychological needs and life satisfaction depend on gender; and to determine the differences in basic psychological needs and life satisfaction of active and inactive adolescents with different weight status and AMD. A total of 791 adolescents aged between twelve and sixteen years old participated in the study. All the participants were measured for basic psychological needs, life satisfaction, and level of physical activity, AMD, and height and body mass. The results showed a higher score in basic psychological needs and life satisfaction for active adolescents in both the males’ and females’ groups. No differences were found in the psychological variables when comparing adolescents with different weight status. Adolescents with a higher AMD showed higher scores in satisfaction of basic psychological needs and satisfaction with life than adolescents with a worse AMD. Therefore, it can be concluded that the level of physical activity and AMD are factors to be considered for the mental health of adolescents, but the relevance of weight status will have to be confirmed in future research.
Neuroradiological, genetic and clinical characteristics of histone H3 K27-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in the Kansai Molecular Diagnosis Network for CNS Tumors (Kansai Network): multicenter retrospective cohort
Authors: Hayashi Nobuhide , Fukai Junya , Nakatogawa Hirokazu , Kawaji Hiroshi , Yoshioka Ema , Kodama Yoshinori , Nakajo Kosuke , Uda Takehiro , Naito Kentaro , Kijima Noriyuki , Okita Yoshiko , Kagawa Naoki , Takahashi Yoshinobu , Hashimoto Naoya , Arita Hideyuki , Takano Koji , Sakamoto Daisuke , Iida Tomoko , Arakawa Yoshiki , Kawauchi Takeshi , Sonoda Yukihiko , Mitobe Yuta , Ishibashi Kenichi , Matsuda Masahide , Achiha Takamune , Tomita Takahiro , Nonaka Masahiro , Hara Keijiro , Takebe Noriyoshi , Tsuzuki Takashi , Nakajima Yoshikazu , Ohue Shiro , Nakajima Nobuyuki , Watanabe Akira , Inoue Akihiro , Umegaki Masao , Kanematsu Daisuke , Katsuma Asako , Sumida Miho , Shofuda Tomoko , Mano Masayuki , Kinoshita Manabu , Mori Kanji , Nakao Naoyuki , Kanemura Yonehiro
Published: July 2024

This study aims to elucidate the clinical and molecular characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with histone H3 K27-mutant diffuse midline glioma. We retrospectively analyzed 93 patients with diffuse midline glioma (47 thalamus, 24 brainstem, 12 spinal cord and 10 other midline locations) treated at 24 affiliated hospitals in the Kansai Molecular Diagnosis Network for CNS Tumors. Considering the term “midline” areas, which had been confused in previous reports, we classified four midline locations based on previous reports and anatomical findings. Clinical and molecular characteristics of the study cohort included: age 4–78 years, female sex (41%), lower-grade histology (56%), preoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores ≥ 80 (49%), resection (36%), adjuvant radiation plus chemotherapy (83%), temozolomide therapy (76%), bevacizumab therapy (42%), HIST1H3B p.K27M mutation (2%), TERT promoter mutation (3%), MGMT promoter methylation (9%), BRAF p.V600E mutation (1%), FGFR1 mutation (14%) and EGFR mutation (3%). Median progression-free and overall survival time was 9.9 ± 1.0 (7.9–11.9, 95% CI) and 16.6 ± 1.4 (13.9–19.3, 95% CI) months, respectively. Female sex, preoperative KPS score ≥ 80, adjuvant radiation + temozolomide and radiation ≥ 50 Gy were associated with favorable prognosis. Female sex and preoperative KPS score ≥ 80 were identified as independent good prognostic factors. This study demonstrated the current state of clinical practice for patients with diffuse midline glioma and molecular analyses of diffuse midline glioma in real-world settings. Further investigation in a larger population would contribute to better understanding of the pathology of diffuse midline glioma.
Energy recovery from syngas and pyrolysis wastewaters with anaerobic mixed cultures
Authors: Robazza Alberto , Neumann Anke
Published: July 2024

The anaerobic digestion of aqueous condensate from fast pyrolysis is a promising technology for enhancing carbon and energy recovery from waste. Syngas, another pyrolysis product, could be integrated as a co-substrate to improve process efficiency. However, limited knowledge exists on the co-fermentation of pyrolysis syngas and aqueous condensate by anaerobic cultures and the effects of substrate toxicity. This work investigates the ability of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic mixed cultures to co-ferment syngas and the aqueous condensate from either sewage sludge or polyethylene plastics pyrolysis in semi-batch bottle fermentations. It identifies inhibitory concentrations for carboxydotrophic and methanogenic reactions, examines specific component removal and assesses energy recovery potential. The results show successful co-fermentation of syngas and aqueous condensate components like phenols and N-heterocycles. However, the characteristics and load of the aqueous condensates affected process performance and product formation. The toxicity, likely resulting from the synergistic effect of multiple toxicants, depended on the PACs’ composition. At 37 °C, concentrations of 15.6 gCOD/gVSS and 7.8 gCOD/gVSS of sewage sludge-derived aqueous condensate inhibited by 50% carboxydotrophic and methanogenic activity, respectively. At 55 °C, loads between 3.9 and 6.8 gCOD/gVSS inhibited by 50% both reactions. Polyethylene plastics condensate showed higher toxicity, with 2.8 gCOD/gVSS and 0.3 gCOD/gVSS at 37 °C decreasing carboxydotrophic and methanogenic rates by 50%. At 55 °C, 0.3 gCOD/gVSS inhibited by 50% CO uptake rates and methanogenesis. Increasing PAC loads reduced methane production and promoted short-chain carboxylates formation. The recalcitrant components in sewage sludge condensate hindered e-mol recovery, while plastics condensate showed high e-mol recoveries despite the stronger toxicity. Even with challenges posed by substrate toxicity and composition variations, the successful conversion of syngas and aqueous condensates highlights the potential of this technology in advancing carbon and energy recovery from anthropogenic waste streams.

Graphical Abstract
PROMRIINE (PRe-operatory Magnetic Resonance Imaging is INEffective) Study: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Surgical Decisions and Clinical Outcomes in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Mattar André , Antonini Marcelo , Amorim Andressa , Mateus Evandro Falaci , Bagnoli Fabio , Cavalcante Francisco Pimentel , Novita Guilherme , Mori Lincon Jo , Madeira Marcelo , Diógenes Marina , Frasson Antônio Luiz , Millen Eduardo de Camargo , Brenelli Fabrício Palermo , Okumura Lucas Miyake , Zerwes Felipe
Published: July 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to review and summarize the association between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical outcomes in women with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer from published randomized controlled trials (RCT).

Materials and Methods

Two independent researchers conducted a systematic review through a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. If there was disagreement between the two reviewers, a third reviewer assessed the manuscript to determine whether it should be included for data extraction. The quality of the papers was assessed using the risk of bias tool, and the evidence was analyzed using GRADE. Meta-analyses using a fixed-effects model were used to estimate the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Initially, 21 studies were identified, 15 of which were observational comparative studies. A total of five RCTs were included, and they suggested that preoperative MRI significantly reduced the rate of immediate breast-conserving surgery and increased the risk for mastectomy.

Conclusions

From the RCT perspective, preoperative MRI for newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer did not improve surgical outcomes and may increase the risk of mastectomy.
Combined Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Induction for Screening of Patients with Cervical Esophageal Carcinoma for Subsequent Local Treatment: A New Treatment Paradigm
Authors: Dai Liang , Wu Ya-Ya , Sun Yan , Yu Rong , Yan Wan-Pu , Yang Yong-Bo , Cheng Hong , Gao Yi-Mei , Zhang Bin , Chen Ke-Neng
Published: July 2024

Background

Definitive chemoradiotherapy is recommended as the primary treatment for cervical esophageal carcinoma (CEC). However, local control rates remain unsatisfactory for some patients. Therefore, in this study, we introduced a new treatment paradigm for individuals with CEC, customizing the choice between subsequent local treatments based on their response to induction chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Patients and Methods

Induction treatment comprised two to four cycles of chemotherapy combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors. Patients achieving complete response (CR) or near CR after induction treatment underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT), while those not achieving CR or near CR underwent surgical resection.

Results

Among the 40 eligible patients, 14 (35.0%) achieved a CR or near CR after induction treatment. Of the ten patients achieving a CR or near CR, one developed an esophageal fistula after dCRT (10.0%). Among the eight non-CR or non-near CR patients receiving chemoradiotherapy, six developed esophageal fistula (75.0%). Among the 26 patients who did not achieve CR or near CR after induction treatment, the 1-year cancer specific survival (CSS) rates were 93.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.815–1%] for the 18 patients in the surgery group, and 71.4% (95% CI 0.447–1%) for the 8 patients in the chemoradiotherapy group (p = 0.027). The overall laryngeal preservation rate was 85.0% (34/40), with a functional laryngeal preservation rate of 77.5% (31/40).

Conclusion

The approach consisting of combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy successfully identified patients who were responding well to induction treatment and who were sensitive to radiotherapy, for chemoradiotherapy; thus, improving laryngeal preservation rates. In addition, it also identified patients with poor responses to induction treatment and radiotherapy, for timely surgery; hence, reducing radiotherapy complications and enhancing survival.