bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparities in Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Care in Older Adults With Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Castillo Brenda S. , Boadi Taussia , Han Xiaoyan , Shulman Lawrence N. , Martei Yehoda M.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Racial disparities in receipt of guideline-concordant care (GCC) among older patients with potentially curable breast cancer are understudied.

Objective

To determine whether rates of GCC, time to treatment initiation, and all-cause mortality in stage I to III breast cancer differ by race among older adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from the National Cancer Database and included patients aged 65 years and older with stage I to III breast cancer, diagnosed between 2010 and 2019. Data analysis was conducted between July 2022 to July 2023.

Exposures

Race, defined as non-Hispanic Black or non-Hispanic White.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was nonreceipt of GCC, defined using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, and all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome was time to treatment initiation. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine association between exposure and outcomes. Models for GCC and all-cause mortality included age, stage, receptor status, year of diagnosis, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index, insurance, health care setting, and neighborhood-level educational attainment and median income.

Results

The analytic cohort included 258 531 participants (mean [SD] age, 72.5 [6.0] years), with 25 174 participants who identified as non-Hispanic Black (9.7%) and 233 357 participants who identified as non-Hispanic White (90.3%), diagnosed between 2010 and 2017. A total of 4563 non-Hispanic Black participants (18.1%) and 35 374 non-Hispanic White participants (15.2%) did not receive GCC. Non-Hispanic Black race, compared with non-Hispanic White race, was associated with increased odds of not receiving GCC in the multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.17; P < .001). Non-Hispanic Black race was associated with 26.1% increased risk of all-cause mortality in the univariate analysis, which decreased to 4.7%, after adjusting for GCC and clinical and sociodemographic factors (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08; P = .006). Non-Hispanic White race, compared with non-Hispanic Black race, was associated with increased odds of initiating treatment within 30 (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.6-1.69), 60 (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 2.04-2.18), and 90 (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 2.27-2.51) days of diagnosis.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, non-Hispanic Black race was associated with increased odds of not receiving GCC and less timely treatment initiation. Non-Hispanic Black race was associated with increased all-cause mortality, which was reduced after adjusting for GCC and clinical and sociodemographic factors. These findings suggest that optimizing timely receipt of GCC may represent a modifiable pathway to improving inferior survival outcomes among older non-Hispanic Black patients with breast cancer.
Pharmacologic Treatments for Dementia and the Risk of Developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Wang Jingya , Antza Christina , Lee Wen Hwa , Coker Jesse , Keane Pearse A. , Denniston Alastair K. , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Adderley Nicola J.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among people aged 50 years or older worldwide. There is a need for new strategies for the prevention and treatment of AMD. There is some limited evidence to suggest the possibility of a protective association of dementia medications with the development of some types of AMD, but the evidence is weak.

Objective

To investigate whether the dementia medications memantine and donepezil are associated with the risk of developing AMD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Three population-based cohort studies were performed using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum databases from May 15, 2002, to June 21, 2022. Participants included individuals with dementia (vascular dementia, nonvascular dementia, or Alzheimer disease) aged 40 years or older. Statistical analysis was carried out between February and November 2023.

Exposures

Exposures were dementia medications. Cohort 1 compared patients prescribed donepezil with those prescribed rivastigmine or galantamine using the new-user design. Cohort 2 compared memantine with donepezil, rivastigmine, or galantamine using the prevalent new-user design. In a sensitivity analysis, cohort 3 compared memantine with rivastigmine or galantamine only.

Main Outcomes and Measures

New diagnosis of AMD.

Results

There were 132 846 individuals (mean [SD] age, 80.4 [7.6] years; 61.8% women; mean [SD] body mass index [BMI], 25.5 [4.6]) with a diagnosis of dementia included in cohort 1, 159 419 individuals (mean [SD] age, 81.2 [7.6] years; 59.7% women; mean [SD] body mass index [BMI], 25.6 [4.7]) with a diagnosis of dementia included in cohort 2, and 92 328 individuals with a diagnosis of dementia included in cohort 3 (mean [SD] age, 80.9 [7.7] years; 58.5% women; mean [SD] body mass index [BMI], 25.5 [4.7]). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for donepezil compared with rivastigmine or galantamine (cohort 1) was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.67-1.35). The adjusted HR for memantine compared with donepezil, rivastigmine, or galantamine (cohort 2) was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.83-1.27). The adjusted HR for memantine vs rivastigmine or galantamine only (cohort 3) was 1.24 (95% CI, 0.83-1.86).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of patients with dementia found no significant associations between memantine or donepezil compared with other dementia medications and the risk of development of AMD. Further research is recommended to examine any possible pathophysiological protective action of memantine and other dementia medications against the development of AMD.
Firearm Experiences, Behaviors, and Norms Among Rural Adolescents
Authors: Weybright Elizabeth H. , Terral Heather F. , Hall Ashley , Varrella Gary , Ellyson Alice M. , Schleimer Julia P. , Kuklinski Margaret R. , Dalve Kimberly , Gause Emma L. , Oesterle Sabrina , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali
Published: October 2024

Importance

Rural adolescents are at high risk for firearm-related injury, yet most existing prevention efforts are informed by research conducted in urban areas. Despite the need to account for rural perspectives, few studies have investigated the unique social ecological context of firearms for rural adolescents or have directly engaged with rural adolescents to understand their views on firearm use.

Objective

To describe rural adolescents’ firearm behaviors and perceptions of firearm-related social norms within their communities, peer groups, and families.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used a convergent mixed-methods design and involved a community-based participatory research approach. Participants comprised 93 adolescents residing in rural Washington state and enrolled in a county or tribal reservation 4-H youth development program as an intermediate or senior age-level grouping (ie, aged 12-19 years). Adolescents completed a survey and participated in a semistructured focus group or interview between September 1, 2021, and September 30, 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Individual handgun behavior and peer, family, and community perceptions of firearm-related social norms.

Results

The sample included 93 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.7 [1.7] years; 49 female participants [52.7%]). Approximately half of participants (52 [55.9%]) had carried a handgun at some point in their lives, with a mean (SD) age at first carry of 10.9 (3.1) years. Primary themes across quantitative and qualitative data focused on social norms (specifically, acceptable and unacceptable ways to engage with firearms, reasons for carrying firearms, and places to carry a firearm).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, rural adolescents in 4-H programs generally understood acceptable and unacceptable firearm carrying behaviors, which aligned with state laws. Findings provide context for rural adolescent behaviors such as carrying a firearm predominantly for prosocial reasons (hunting, recreation, and sport) and adult behavior such as carrying for protection of person and personal property. Understanding firearm-related social norms in rural communities holds implications for firearm injury prevention efforts, especially related to enhancing training, developing norms-based prevention approaches, and tailoring efforts to rural settings.
Curcuma-Based Nutritional Supplements and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Alsoudi Amer F. , Wai Karen M. , Koo Euna , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi , Rahimy Ehsan
Published: October 2024

Importance

Curcuma-based nutritional supplements (CBNS) are natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents that may confer benefits against age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Objective

To examine the association between the use of CBNS and the risk of development or progression of AMD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective cohort study with data collection in June of 2024. Data were gathered from the aggregated electronic health records research network, TriNetX (Cambridge, Massachusetts). Patients without AMD were included in the study before propensity score matching (PSM); these included those taking and not taking CBNS. Patients with no history of AMD were stratified by instances of CBNS prescription records. Patients with a history of early nonexudative AMD stratified by instances of CBNS prescription records were also identified. PSM was performed to control for baseline demographics and medical comorbidities.

Exposures

Patients were stratified by whether or not they were taking CBNS using RxNorm (National Library of Medicine) codes.

Main Outcome Measures

Relative risk (RR) of developing nonexudative AMD, exudative AMD, advanced nonexudative AMD or geographic atrophy (GA), blindness, or requiring intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Results

A total of 66 804 patients (mean [SD] age, 64.9 [10.1] years; 44 124 female [66.1%]) taking CBNS and 1 809 440 patients (mean [SD] age, 67.0 [9.5] years; 999 534 female [55.2%]) not taking CBNS were included in this study. Among patients without a history of AMD aged 50 years or older, CBNS use was associated with lower rates of developing nonexudative AMD (RR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.21-0.26; P < .001), advanced nonexudative AMD or GA (RR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.07-0.17; P < .001), exudative AMD (RR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.24-0.32; P < .001), blindness (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.36-0.59; P < .001), or requiring intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy (RR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.13-0.17; P < .001) when compared with matched patients not taking CBNS. Results were consistent among subsets of patients 60 and 70 years or older, respectively. Among patients with early nonexudative AMD, subsequent instances of CBNS prescription records were associated with lower rates of developing advanced nonexudative AMD or GA (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41-0.81; P < .001) when compared with matched patients with early nonexudative AMD without a CBNS prescription record.

Conclusion and Relevance

Results of this cohort study suggest that a reduced risk of developing AMD or progression to later stages of AMD was associated with subsequent use of CBNS. Further investigation to validate these findings, safety, and potential pharmacoprotective mechanisms of CBNS in AMD are suggested.
Comorbid Depression in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Compared With Other Cancers
Authors: Martinez Marina C. , Finegersh Andrey , Baik Fred M. , Holsinger F. Chris , Starmer Heather M. , Orloff Lisa A. , Sunwoo John B. , Sirjani Davud , Divi Vasu , Chen Michelle M.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Depression is more prevalent among individuals with cancer than in the general population and is correlated with increased mortality in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in particular.

Objective

To compare the prevalence of depression between patients with HNC and patients with other cancers.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used population-level data on patients aged 18 years or older with cancer who participated in the 2019 National Health Interview Survey and had completed the Personal Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8). The analysis was performed between August 7, 2023, and April 5, 2024.

Exposure

Any cancer diagnosis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was prevalence and severity of depression based on the PHQ-8. The magnitude of the difference in baseline characteristics was measured between patients with HNC and those with other cancer types, and 95% CIs were used to measure the precision of these estimates. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association of demographic, socioeconomic, anxiety, and clinical variables with depression.

Results

From a weighted cohort of 23 496 725 adult patients with cancer, 377 080 were diagnosed with HNC (87.5% aged 51-84 years; 77.9% male). The prevalence of any depression on the PHQ-8 (mild, moderate, or severe) was 40.1% in patients with HNC vs 22.3% in patients with other cancers. Compared with patients with other cancers, patients with HNC were equally likely to screen positive for anxiety (23.6% vs 16.0%; difference, 7.6%; 95% CI, −5.9% to 21.1%), take medication for depression (10.1% vs 13.9%; difference, −3.8%; 95% CI, −11.9% to 4.4%), and state that they never feel depressed (59.7% vs 53.7%; difference, 6.0%; 95% CI, −9.1% to 21.0%). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, having HNC was associated with an increased likelihood of depression (odds ratio [OR], 2.94; 95% CI, 1.39-6.22). Other factors associated with depression were being unmarried or not living with a partner (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.55-2.43) and having anxiety (OR, 23.14; 95% CI, 17.62-30.37).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that patients with HNC were twice as likely to screen positive for depression on a validated survey than those with other cancers, despite having similar rates of self-reported depression and depression medication use. These findings suggest that self-reporting of depression may result in underreporting and undertreatment in this population and, thus, a need for further work in developing interventions to improve identification of and optimize treatment for patients with HNC and comorbid depression.
Development and validation of the Forms and Functions of Aggressive Behavior Scale
Authors: Hayes Nicole L. , Anderson Craig A.
Published: October 2024

Preventing aggression is a global social issue that warrants additional research with up‐to‐date measures. Aggressive behaviors manifest in several ways, and the proper assessment should capture its multidimensional nature. We developed the Forms and Functions of Aggressive Behavior Scale (FFABS) to capture the field's current multidimensional understanding of aggression, including its forms (physical, verbal, and relational) and functions (proactive and reactive). Across three studies (N = 1388), we validated the factor structure of the FFABS, obtained partial scalar measurement invariance for males and females, and demonstrated consistent patterns with theoretically related stable constructs and with behavioral measures of inhibitory control and aggressive behaviors, establishing convergent and discriminant validity. We discuss the findings, limitations, practical implications, and future research directions.
Time‐Responsive Activity of Engineered Bacteria for Local Sterilization and Biofilm Removal in Periodontitis
Authors: Bai Yang , Guo Hao‐Lin , Hua Tingting , Li Bowen , Feng Guoqing , Zhang Zijan , Teng Yue , Liu Yuan , Qian Niansong , Zheng Bin
Published: October 2024

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent and common condition in people of all ages, however, existing drugs to treat periodontitis have difficulty penetrating complex biofilms. Here, we report a biofilm‐penetrating probiotic hybrid strategy for the treatment of periodontitis. It consists of therapeutic probiotics of E. coli Nissle 1917, which can produce antimicrobial peptides and hydrogen, and is coated with D‐amino acids that can penetrate biofilms. After the fusion of D‐amino acids with the biofilm, EcN entered the plaque biofilm and produced antimicrobial peptides to kill porphyromonas gingivalis and eliminate periodontitis under the action of hydrogen. The efficacy of EcN@DA‐D in biofilm penetration and treatment of periodontitis was demonstrated in a rat model of periodontitis. In addition, the clinical combination to construct a rat periodontitis model by using clinical tissue has a significant therapeutic effect. In conclusion, EcN@DA‐D offers a promising topical treatment for periodontitis without developing detectable pathogen resistance and side effects.
Plasmonic Supramolecular Nanozyme‐Based Bio‐Cockleburs for Synergistic Therapy of Infected Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Wang Xin , Qin Xudong , Liu Yi , Fang Yutong , Meng Hao , Shen Meili , Liu Linlin , Huan Weiwei , Tian Jian , Yang Ying‐Wei
Published: October 2024

Diabetic wounds are a major devastating complication of diabetes due to hyperglycemia, bacterial invasion, and persistent inflammation, and the current antibiotic treatments can lead to the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Herein, a bimetallic nanozyme‐based biomimetic bio‐cocklebur (GNR@CeO2@GNPs) is designed and synthesized for diabetic wound management by depositing spiky ceria (CeO2) shells and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on a gold nanorod (GNR) nanoantenna. The plasmonic‐enhanced nanozyme catalysis and self‐cascade reaction properties simultaneously boost the two‐step enzyme‐mimicking catalytic activity of GNR@CeO2@GNPs, leading to a significant improvement in overall therapeutic efficacy rather than mere additive effects. Under the glucose activation and 808 nm laser irradiation, GNR@CeO2@GNPs material captures photons and promotes the transfer of hot electrons from GNR and GNPs into CeO2, realizing a “butterfly effect” of consuming local glucose, overcoming the limited antibacterial efficiency of an individual PTT modality, and providing substantial reactive oxygen species. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the material's exceptional antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, which can reduce inflammation, promote collagen deposition, and facilitate angiogenesis, thereby accelerating wound healing. This study provides a promising new strategy to develop plasmonic‐enhanced nanozymes with a catalytic cascade mode for the antibiotic‐free synergistic treatment of infected diabetic wounds.
Thermo‐Optical Sub‐Micrometer Ultrahigh Luminescence Emission Tuning in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Upconversion Nanocomposites for Data Storage and Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Gu Weizhao , Lamon Simone , Yu Haoyi , Zhang Hui , Ding Haibo , Gu Min , Zhang Qiming
Published: October 2024

Nanophotonics techniques, driven by optical microscopy, enable high‐capacity data recording and readout, yet ensuring data security demands versatile, multi‐stimuli activatable media. Lanthanide ion‐doped upconversion nanoparticles hold promise for these applications by fine‐tuning upconversion luminescence emission. While chemical methods customize this emission with meticulous adjustments, optical methods face challenges such as high laser beam intensities, setup complexity, and wavelength limitations. Efficiently modulating upconversion luminescence emission requires multi‐stimuli methods or integrating upconversion nanoparticles with responsive materials. Here, dual‐stimulus thermo‐optical activation and optical microscopy are used to achieve sub‐micrometer ultrahigh upconversion luminescence emission tuning in newly developed hybrid organic–inorganic upconversion nanocomposites for high‐capacity and secure data storage and anticounterfeiting. Thermal stimulus (activation I) facilitates a 102‐fold increase in absorption, promoting the formation of an inorganic network and complex. Optical stimulus via focused 460‐nm femtosecond laser beam irradiation (activation II) enhances absorption by fivefold through sub‐micrometer photo‐polymerization bit recording. The method achieves a 92% decrease of 450‐nm upconversion luminescence emission intensity after activation I and over 90% quenching of this emission after activation II, enabling sub‐micrometer bit readout under 980‐nm continuous‐wave excitation laser beam irradiation. This work demonstrates the potential for high‐capacity and secure data storage, anticounterfeiting, high‐security encryption, and high‐resolution display.
Ultra‐High Performance Broadband Self‐Powered Photodetector Based on Modified Sb2Se3/ZnO Heterojunction
Authors: Li Jianpeng , Cheng Wei , Dong Jiabin , Cao Zixiu , Hu Shihao , Meng Rutao , Xu Xuejun , Wu Xu , Wu Li , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2024

Ascribing to the low power consumption, self‐powered photodetectors (SPPDs) have promising applications in optical communication and photoelectric imaging. Aiming to improve the performance of SPPDs, many efforts have been devoted to exploring the semiconductor‐heterojunction candidates. However, key parameters of SPPDs, especially the responsivity and response time, still lag behind those of the standard photodetectors. Here, with the modification of the transport behavior, ultra‐high‐performance SPPDs are fabricated based on the reported Sb2Se3/ZnO heterojunction. Keeping the broadband detection from infrared to UV region, the SPPDs achieve increased responsivity and detectivity of 0.38 A W−1 and 1.40 × 1013 Jones, respectively. Especially, according to the cut‐off frequency measurements, the response time is improved to 93.5/75.0 ns, which is in a microsecond, even millisecond level for most of the current SPPDs. These studies further reveal the mechanism of the performance modification and indicate that this method can be applied to fabricate imaging arrays. With the combination of the experimental results, we provide an effective method for enhancing the performance of SPPDs toward their applications.
Enhanced High‐Performance β‐Ray Detectors Based on GaN Multi‐Quantum Well Structures
Authors: Shi Yong , Gao Zhengxin , Deng Zhiyong , Liu Li , Zhang Lu , Li Peixian , Wu Weiwei
Published: October 2024

β‐ray detectors are crucial to ensure personnel safety, maintain the reliability of equipment and materials, and support scientific research and medical applications, current devices face challenges in sensitivity and stability. This study addresses these issues by demonstrating a β‐ray detector based on GaN multi‐quantum well (MQW) structures, which are expected to offer improved performance over existing technologies. Using a custom‐developed electron irradiation source, the performance of the β‐ray detector is systematically evaluated across a range of electron energies (5–50 keV) and irradiation intensities (0–50 mCi cm−2). At an acceleration voltage of 20 kV, the detectors demonstrate a high sensitivity of 2.68 ± 0.08 nA mCi−1 and exhibit a current variation of 126.4 nA under 50 mCi irradiation. Notably, the detectors maintain excellent detection performance with optimal response observed at 20 keV even in an unbiased state. These results underscore the capability of detectors to effectively convert irradiation energy into electrical signals, addressing the limitations of current β‐ray detectors and demonstrating their potential for advanced radiation detection applications. The insights gained from this study are pivotal for optimizing GaN MQW‐based β‐ray detectors and advancing their use in high‐performance radiation monitoring technologies.
Free Electron Density Gradients Enhanced Biosensor for Ultrasensitive and Accurate Affinity Assessment of the Immunotherapy Drugs
Authors: Chen Youqian , Fan Hongli , Li Rui , Zhang Huazhi , Zhou Rui , Liu Gang L. , Sun Chunmeng , Huang Liping
Published: October 2024

Accurate affinity assessments play an important role in drug discovery, screening, and efficacy evaluation. Label‐free affinity biosensors are recognized as a dependable and standard technology for addressing this challenge. This study constructs a free electron density gradient‐enhanced meta‐surface plasmon resonance (FED‐MSPR) biosensor through a finite‐difference time‐domain simulation model, the biosensor demonstrates superior detection performance in accurately determining affinity and kinetic rate constants. By controlling the dielectric properties of the metal on the surface of the nanocup arrays, the plasmon resonance effects are easily tuned without changing the nanostructure design. Compared with the single‐layer gold chip, the triple‐layer FED‐MSPR chip demonstrated a four‐fold improvement in resolution at the optimal resonance peak. Additionally, the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) of the multi‐layer chip increased by 3.5 and 7.99 times, respectively. Following modification with high‐ and low‐staggered carboxylation, the noise‐signal ratio and baseline stability of the real‐time kinetic curves based on these chips are significantly enhanced. The developed carboxylation FED‐MSPR platform is successfully used to perform affinity assays for Adalimumab and TNF‐α protein, resulting in favorable dynamic curves. These findings validate the proposed FED‐MSPR biosensor platform as cost‐effective, rapid, sensitive, and label‐free, facilitating real‐time quality control in drug development.
3D Micropatterned Traction Force Microscopy: A Technique to Control 3D Cell Shape While Measuring Cell‐Substrate Force Transmission
Authors: Faure Laura M. , Gómez‐González Manuel , Baguer Ona , Comelles Jordi , Martínez Elena , Arroyo Marino , Trepat Xavier , Roca‐Cusachs Pere
Published: October 2024

Cell shape and function are intimately linked, in a way that is mediated by the forces exerted between cells and their environment. The relationship between cell shape and forces has been extensively studied for cells seeded on flat 2D substrates, but not for cells in more physiological 3D settings. Here, a technique called 3D micropatterned traction force microscopy (3D‐µTFM) to confine cells in 3D wells of defined shape, while simultaneously measuring the forces transmitted between cells and their microenvironment is demonstrated. This technique is based on the 3D micropatterning of polyacrylamide wells and on the calculation of 3D traction force from their deformation. With 3D‐µTFM, it is shown that MCF10A breast epithelial cells exert defined, reproducible patterns of forces on their microenvironment, which can be both contractile and extensile. Cells switch from a global contractile to extensile behavior as their volume is reduced are further shown. The technique enables the quantitative study of cell mechanobiology with full access to 3D cellular forces while having accurate control over cell morphology and the mechanical conditions of the microenvironment.
Identification of ANXA1 as a Novel Upstream Negative Regulator of Notch1 Function in AML
Authors: Shao Gang , Wang Xi , Zheng Yiting , Ma Junjie , Wang Lei , Yan Zhibin , Sun Zeyu , Zhang Shuyuan , Wu Hongzhang , Lv Yudie , Huang Hemiao , Li Jianhu , Zhu Tianyi , Yang Bing , Wang Nanxi , Chen Tao , Guo Xuancheng , Jin Yuanting , Kang Jian , Wang Huafeng , Cao Yihai , Fu Caiyun
Published: October 2024

Abnormal Notch1 expression has an important role in tumorigenesis. However, upstream control mechanisms for Notch1 are still insufficiently understood. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common and lethal blood malignancies with limited possibilities for treatment. Thus, new therapeutic targets are urgently needed to improve current ineffective therapies. Herein, high Annexin A1 (ANXA1) expression is found correlated with hyperproliferation of AML cells, and then ANXA1 is identified as a novel negative regulator of Notch1 function in AML. Mechanistically, ANXA1 directly bound to the intracellular domain of Notch1 (NICD) to target this tumor suppressor for degradation. Furthermore, NICD executed its tumor suppressive function through activation of the p15 promoter. Thus, ablation of the Notch1‐p15‐mediated tumor suppression by ANXA1 provided a novel mechanism of AML proliferation. In human AML patients, a mutual exclusive relation is discovered between ANXA1 and Notch1/p15, corroborating mechanistic discovery. On the basis of these results, it is reasonably speculated that targeting ANXA1 would provide an effective approach for treatment of AML. In support of this new therapeutic paradigm, provided proof‐of‐concept data by antagonizing ANXA1 using NICD inhibitory peptides.
Our connections to soil health through simile
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J.
Published: October 2024

Healthy soil supports the global carbon cycle, the water cycle, and many nutrient cycles to stabilize ecosystems. We take these processes for granted, and yet, disruptions to these cycles would be devastating if soils became defunct and plants could not photosynthesize. As with the health of the human body to which we rely on to carry out our daily lives, so too does the health of soil give essential life to our world. Strong corollaries exist between the functioning of the human body and the soil body. This essay explores these two bodies through simile. Just as we wish others good health, so too should each of us (and society) wish a world with excellent soil health. A foundational pathway laid by strong science, but pitched to engage more of the public in this effort to foster better soil health might be through non‐traditional impressionistic storylines.
Impact of Promoters on the Catalytic Performance of Nanostructured Nickel/Carbon Matrix for the Decomposition of Methane
Authors: Ahmad Adeel , Hamdani Iqra Reyaz , Pillantakath Abdul Rasheed , Al Shoaibi Ahmed , Chandrasekar Srinivasakannan , Hossain Mohammad Mozahar
Published: October 2024

It is of paramount importance to develop efficient catalysts for methane decomposition that withstands high operating temperatures, as the reaction is endothermic equilibrium in nature. Hence, an attempt is made to assess the effect of promoters namely Cu and Mo on the Ni/porous carbon matrix, synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The proportion of Cu and Mo are varied to determine the optimal loading, to maximize conversion and stability using pure methane as the feedstock. The space velocity is varied from 5000 to 8000 mL h−1 gcat to investigate the effects on methane conversion and stability. Both Cu and Mo at 5% loading are found to offer the maximum methane conversion (%) and stability. A conversion exceeding 90% can be achieved at 850 °C with pure methane feed. The catalysts demonstrate remarkable stability up to 4 h, with 40% feed concentration yielding around 83% conversion for Mo and 74% for Cu. The incorporation of promoters had a notable impact on both the catalytic activity and stability as it contributes to the better dispersion of the metal over the catalytic surface, as evidenced by the reduction in the crystallite size. The best performing catalysts exhibit a wide distribution of high‐quality filamentous carbon over their surface.
Associations between AHA's Life's Essential 8 and cognition in midlife and older adults
Authors: Master Lindsay , Shen Yuqi , Allan Alexa C. , Beydoun May A. , Zonderman Alan B. , Evans Michele K. , Buxton Orfeu M. , Gamaldo Alyssa A.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

This study evaluated the associations between Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and cognitive performance, and compared the strength of the relationships of Life's Simple 7 (LS7) and LE8 to cognition in midlife and older adults.

METHODS

Participants (N = 1539) were from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. Cross‐sectional multivariable regression examined the associations between LE8 and cognition. Secondary analyses compared model performance between LE8 and LS7 measures on cognition from the same available sample.

RESULTS

Higher LE8 scores were associated with better global cognitive performance, working memory, and attention. The LS7 model outperformed the LE8 model on global cognitive performance, but the LE8 model outperformed the LS7 model for the working memory domain.

DISCUSSION

Better cardiovascular health (CVH) was associated with better cognitive performance among US middle‐aged and older adults. However, the association between CVH and specific cognitive domains varies when using LE8 versus LS7.

Highlights

Cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with cognitive performance.

Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a new construct to quantify CVH.

Associations between LE8 and cognition were assessed.

Higher LE8 was associated with better global cognitive performance.

Higher LE8 was also associated with better working memory and attention.
Recessive Variants in PIGG Cause a Motor Neuropathy with Variable Conduction Block, Childhood Tremor, and Febrile Seizures: Expanding the Phenotype
Authors: Record Christopher J. , O'Connor Antoinette , Verbeek Nienke E. , van Rheenen Wouter , Zamba Papanicolaou Eleni , Peric Stojan , Ligthart Peter C. , Skorupinska Mariola , van Binsbergen Ellen , Campeau Philippe M. , Ivanovic Vukan , Hennigan Brian , McHugh John C. , Blake Julian C. , Murakami Yoshiko , Laura Matilde , Murphy Sinéad M. , Reilly Mary M.
Published: October 2024

Biallelic variants in phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class G (PIGG) cause hypotonia, intellectual disability, seizures, and cerebellar features. We present 8 patients from 6 families with a childhood‐onset motor neuropathy and neurophysiology demonstrating variable motor conduction block and temporal dispersion. All individuals had a childhood onset tremor, 5 of 8 had cerebellar involvement, and 6 of 8 had childhood febrile seizures. All individuals have biallelic PIGG variants, including the previously reported pathogenic variant Trp505*, plus 6 novel variants. Null enzyme activity is demonstrated via PIGO/PIGG double knockout system for Val339Gly and Gly19Glu, and residual activity for Trp505* due to read‐through. Emm negative blood group status was confirmed in 1 family. PIGG should be considered in unsolved motor neuropathy. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:388–396
Band Engineering of Mn‐P Alloy Enables HER‐suppressed Aqueous Manganese Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Wenqiang , Zheng Tianfang , Zhang Xinyuan , He Tianmin , Sun Yuxin , Li Shuyang , Guan Buyuan , Zhang Dong , Wei Zhixuan , Jiang Heng , Fan Hong Jin , Du Fei
Published: October 2024

Aqueous manganese ion batteries hold potential for stationary storage applications owing to their merits in cost, energy density, and environmental sustainability. However, the formidable challenge is the instability of metallic manganese (Mn) anodes in aqueous electrolytes due to severe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is more serious than the commonly studied Zn metal anodes. Moreover, the mechanism of HER side reactions has remained unclear. Herein, we design a series of Mn−P alloying anodes by precisely regulating their energy band structures to mitigate the HER issue. It is found that the serious HER primarily originates from the spontaneous Mn‐H2O reaction driven by the excessively high HOMO energy level of Mn, rather than electrocatalytic water splitting. Owing to a reduced HOMO energy level and enhanced electron escape work function, the MnP anode achieves an evidently enhanced cycle durability (over 1000 hours at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2). The MnP||AgVO full cell with an N/P ratio of 4 exhibits better rate capability and extended cycle life (7000 cycles) with minimal capacity degradation than the cell using metallic Mn anode (less than 100 cycles). This study provides a practical approach for developing highly durable aqueous Mn ion batteries
Cocrystallization‐Induced Red Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence
Authors: Yin Zheng , Xie Zongliang , Zhang Xianhe , Xue Yufeng , Zhang Deqing , Liu Bin
Published: October 2024

Organic cocrystals formed through multicomponent self‐assembly have attracted significant interest owing to their clear structure and tunable optical properties. However, most cocrystal systems suffer from inefficient long‐wavelength emission and low phosphorescence efficiency due to strong non‐radiative processes governed by the energy gap law. Herein, an efficient long‐lived red afterglow is achieved using a pyrene (Py) cocrystal system incorporating a second component (NPYC4) with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) properties. The cocrystal (NPYC4‐Py) not only inherits the excellent luminescence of its monomeric counterparts, but also exhibits unique dual‐mode characteristics, including persistent TADF and UOP emission with a high quantum yield of 58 % and a lifetime of 362 ms. The precise cocrystal stacking distinctly reveals that intermolecular interactions lock the cocrystal formation and weaken the intermolecular π‐π interactions between NPYC4 and Py, thereby stabilizing the excited triplet excitons. Furthermore, the favorable energy level of NPYC4 acts as a bridge, reducing the energy gap between the S1 and T1 states for Py, therefore activating its red phosphorescence from Py. This research provides direct insights into achieving efficient red UOP through co‐crystallization.
Precisely Tuning Band Gaps of Hexabenzocoronene‐Based MOFs Toward Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Cha , Lang Feifan , Li Mei , Liu Haoyu , Zhong Di‐Chang , Qin Jun‐Sheng , Di Zhengyi , Wang Dan‐Hong , Zeng Le , Pang Jiandong , Bu Xian‐He
Published: October 2024

Precise adjusting the band gaps in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is crucial for improving their visible‐light absorption capacity during photocatalysis, presenting both a formidable challenge and a charming opportunity. This present study employed a symmetry‐reduction strategy to pre‐design six novel 4‐connected ligands with systematic substituents (−NO2, ‐H, ‐tBu, ‐OCH3, ‐OH and ‐NH2) and synthesized the corresponding pillared‐layer Zr‐MOFs (NKM‐668) retaining the hexaphenylbenzene fragment. Subsequently, the NKM‐668 MOFs were transformed into large‐π‐conjugated hexabenzocoronene‐based MOFs (pNKM‐668) via the Scholl reaction. These twelve MOFs exhibited broad and tunable band gaps over 1.41 eV (ranging from 3.25 eV to 1.84 eV), and the photocatalytic CO2 conversion rate raised by 33.2‐fold. This study not only enriches the type of hexaphenylbenzene‐based MOFs, but also paves the way for nanographene‐containing MOFs in the further application of photocatalysis.
Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticle incorporated copolymer composite membrane for polymer enhanced ultrafiltration of hexavalent chromium ions from water
Authors: Chowdhury Pramit Roy , Samanta Sharmistha , Ray Samit Kumar
Published: October 2024

Removal of highly toxic chromium ions from water is of utmost necessity. The objective of the present work was to prepare a low‐cost ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for removal of Cr (VI) from water. UF membranes were prepared by phase inversion from the copolymers of acrylonitrile (AN) and partially neutralized acrylic acid (AA)/sodium acrylate (NaAA). Three such copolymers, CP15, CP10, and CP5 were prepared by emulsion polymerization with feed AN: AA/ NaAA molar ratios of 15:1, 10:1 and 5:1, respectively. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were incorporated in‐situ during the polymerization by chemical reduction of silver nitrate with ascorbic acid. CP5 and AgNP filled CP5AgNP UF membranes were prepared by varying the polymer concentration in dope solution (Cp), evaporation time (teva) and gelation temperatures (Tgel). Various characterizations confirmed the structure, morphology, presence of AgNP, flux decline and antifouling properties of the membranes. For polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF), CP5 and CP5AgNP membranes prepared with Cp/teva/Tgel of 13 wt%/90s/30°C with a molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 7.4 kDa and 5.7 kDa, respectively, showed a pressure normalized flux/rejection of 184.64Lm−2 h−1 bar−1/88.8% and 177.77Lm−2 h−1 bar−1/91%, respectively from a feed containing 100 mg/L of Cr (VI) in the presence of 0.5 wt% PVA.
Metabolic Adaptations in Phosphine‐Resistant Tribolium castaneum Driven by Mitochondrial Enzyme Variability and Gene Expression
Authors: Deeksha Mudagadde G. , Nebapure Suresh M. , Dahuja Anil , Sagar Doddachowdappa , Bhattacharya Ramcharan , Subramanian Sabtharishi
Published: October 2024

Phosphine fumigation is essential for controlling storage pests like Tribolium castaneum, but its frequent application has resulted in resistance, primarily due to mutations in the Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) gene associated with the rph2 allele. This study demonstrates that the Patiala population exhibits homozygous resistance variations across populations, contrasting with the susceptibility observed in laboratory cultures. Our assessment of mitochondrial DLD and Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities showed significantly elevated levels in the Patiala population, with increases of approximately sevenfold for DLD and 6.92‐fold for COX, indicating mitochondrial adaptations for enhanced energy production. Kinetic analyses of DLD in the resistant Patiala population showed a higher Vmax (0.005 mmol/min) and a significantly increased Km (16.66 mM), indicating variations in maximal enzyme activity and substrate affinity. Furthermore, resistant T. castaneum populations displayed substantial upregulation of DLD and COX gene expression, with DLD expression increasing by 10.53‐fold and COX expression peaking at 102.57‐fold in Patiala. Pearson correlation analysis indicated strong positive correlations (r > 0.8) between enzymatic activity and gene expression for both DLD and COX, suggesting a coordinated role in resistance mechanisms. The PCA biplot illustrated distribution patterns of enzymatic activity and gene expression among field‐resistant populations, highlighting the association between increased resistance and elevated enzymatic activity and gene expression levels. Therefore, the upregulation of DLD and COX activities in resistant populations underscores their critical roles in counteracting phosphine, reflecting metabolic reprogramming for improved energy production under stress.
Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) upregulated by n‐butylidenephthalide via the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway ameliorates drug‐induced gingival enlargement
Authors: Ueda Tomoya , Matsuda Shinji , Ninomiya Yurika , Nakashima Fuminori , Yasuda Keisuke , Furutama Daisuke , Memida Takumi , Yoshimoto Tetsuya , Kajiya Mikihito , Ohta Kouji , Ouhara Kazuhisa , Mizuno Noriyoshi
Published: October 2024

Drug‐induced gingival enlargement (DIGE) is a side effect of ciclosporin, calcium channel blockers, and phenytoin. DIGE is a serious disease that leads to masticatory and esthetic disorders, severe caries, and periodontitis but currently has no standard treatment. We recently reported that nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is a potential therapeutic target for DIGE. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of n‐butylidenephthalide (BP), which increases the expression of NR4A1, on DIGE. In this study, NR4A1 mRNA expression was analyzed in the patients with periodontal disease (PD) and DIGE. We evaluated the effect of BP on NR4A1 expression in gingival fibroblasts and in a DIGE mouse model. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was conducted to identify the mechanisms by which BP increases NR4A1 expression. The results showed that NR4A1 mRNA expression in the patients with DIGE was significantly lower than the patients with PD. BP suppressed the upregulation of COL1A1 expression, which was upregulated by TGF‐β. BP also ameliorated gingival overgrowth in DIGE mice and reduced Col1a1 and Pai1 expression. BP also decreased Il1β mRNA expression in gingival tissue in DIGE. RNA‐seq results showed an increase in the expression of several genes related to mitogen‐activated protein kinase including DUSP genes in gingival fibroblasts stimulated by BP. Treatment with ERK and JNK inhibitors suppressed the BP‐induced increase in NR4A1 expression. In addition, BP promoted the phosphorylation of ERK in gingival fibroblasts. In conclusion, BP increases NR4A1 expression in gingival fibroblasts through ERK and JNK signaling, demonstrating its potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent against DIGE.
Migraine Prevalence and Academic Impact on Medical Students at Alfaisal University
Authors: Szabó Anikó , Mahamud Golam , Ahsan Faridul
Published: October 2024

Background

Migraine is highly prevalent among medical students but has been understudied in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to determine migraine prevalence, characteristics, academic impacts, and coping strategies in medical students.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 352 medical students. Migraine was identified using ID‐Migraine (38.8% prevalence) and International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD‐3) criteria (36.8% prevalence). Analyses focused on the 130 students meeting ICHD‐3 criteria.

Results

The mean monthly migraine frequency was 3.5 days. Average pain severity was moderate at 6.4/10. Mean duration was 9.3 h. Exams triggered migraines for 66% and increased headache frequency/severity for most students. Headaches limited productivity ≥1 day for 86% and caused missed exams and grade point average (GPA) declines. Rest (77.7%), trigger avoidance (57.7%), and medications (56.9%) were the most common coping strategies.

Conclusion

Migraine prevalence exceeded general population estimates, frequently disrupted academics, and was exacerbated by exam stressors. Support services and education on coping strategies tailored to academically triggered migraines could better equip students to manage headaches.
Night Eating Syndrome Among University Students in Bangladesh: Investigation of Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Sahrin Sumaia , Banna Md. Hasan Al , Hamiduzzaman Mohammad , Gbordzoe Newton I. , Disu Tasnim Rahman , Akter Shammy , Mouly Humayra Alam , Hasan M. M. Mehedi , Brazendale Keith
Published: October 2024

Objective

Night eating syndrome (NES) has been associated with psychological issues and academic performance among university students in several countries, yet research on NES in Bangladesh remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with NES among university students in the country.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 500 students from five public universities in Bangladesh. A validated 14‐item night eating questionnaire was used to assess NES as the outcome variable. Demographic factors, depressive symptoms measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and internet addiction levels measured via Orman's Internet Addiction Survey (OIAS) were explored as predictor variables. A multiple binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the correlation of NES and its associated factors, with results presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and level of significance set at p values < 0.05.

Results

The prevalence of NES among participants was 16.6% (mean age = 21.6 years, 53.6% male). Adjusted binary logistic regression revealed that male participants (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.09–3.74, p = 0.024), smoking (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.02–4.44, p = 0.044), depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.26–3.72, p = 0.005), and severe internet addiction (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.28–5.62, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing NES.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the need for heightened healthy eating awareness programs along with targeted mental health interventions with students attending Bangladeshi universities. Further research that explores longitudinal patterns of NES and the risk factors addressed in this study is warranted to better understand and inform the development of future interventions to benefit the Bangladeshi university student population.