bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Cellular and Cell-Free Therapy Medicinal Products for Huntington Disease Treatment
Authors: Kerkis Irina , Pinheiro Araldi Rodrigo , Valverde Wenceslau Cristiane , Biude Mendes Thais
Published: March 2022

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene. The disease causes the progressive degeneration of neurons affecting particularly the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the striatum. The mHtt inclusions promote neurodegeneration. However, the mHtt can spread to different brain areas through exosomes. For this reason, it is not surprising that HD causes motor, cognitive and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. To date there is no treatment able to modify the natural history of the disease. In this sense, the advanced cellular therapy, based on the therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerges as a potential candidate for HD treatment. This is because, the MSCs produce many critical therapeutic molecules which act in multiple cellular and molecular targets. Moreover, in addition, advanced cell therapy is a unique approach that could provides neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. However, the current discovery that the MSC mechanism of action is mediated by exosomes, have encouraged scientist to explore the therapeutic potential of the cell-free therapy. Based on this, we revisited the HD pathophysiology, areas. Providing evidence that MSC and MSC-derived exosomes can be used to change the natural history of HD.
COVID-19 and Seizures
Authors: Jesus Rafael , Azoia Carolina , Coelho Paulo , Guimarães Pedro
Published: March 2022

The past two years were deeply marked by the emergence of a global pandemic caused by the worldwide spread of the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The plethora of repercussions on the health of those affected is extensive, ranging from asymptomatic individuals, mild flu-like disease, and severe respiratory failure, eventually leading to death. Despite this predilection for the respiratory system, the virus is responsible for multisystemic manifestations and soon became clear that neurological involvement was a frequent issue of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Much have been pointed out about the neurotropic nature of the virus, the ways by which it invades and targets specific structures of the central nervous system, and the physiopathology behind the neurologic manifestations associated with it (namely encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, lacunar infarcts, and vascular dysfunction, just to list a few). This chapter aims to raise light about the association between COVID-19 and the mechanisms of acute symptomatic seizures, through neurotropism and neuroinvasion features of SARS-CoV-2, and to review the variety of clinical presentations reported so far.
Childhood Exposure to Violence: Looking through a Life-Course Perspective
Authors: Fraga Sílvia , Amorim Mariana , Soares Sara
Published: March 2022

Childhood is the most important period of development during life course, highly sensitive to external influences and with a profound impact on children’s well-being. During this period, the foundations for every individual’s physical and mental health capacities and attainment are laid, influencing children’s lives throughout adolescence, adulthood and aging. Violence is one of the most traumatic experiences that can impact the healthy development of the child, compromising its growth and future health. Although violence assessment in the scope of a cohort study comprises methodological and ethical challenges, a life-course perspective allows researchers to understand the effects of multiple forms of violence by distinguishing between repetitive violence over time and isolated incidents, the occurrence of violent experiences in different contexts and settings, as well as the interconnection between different experiences of trauma. This chapter aims to demonstrate the importance of a life-course perspective to understand the detrimental relationship between early exposure to violence and worse health in the first years of life.
Perspective Chapter: Creative Mapping and Mapping Creativity
Authors: D. Brunn Stanley
Published: March 2022

Creative efforts showing places and human/environmental features are integral to understanding our evolution of knowledge. Throughout human history, the construction of maps for personal, commercial or political control has been instrumental in displaying food production, faith landscapes, human migration, transportation networks, environmental conditions, human welfare and much more. The visible products about environmental settings and human well-being from prehistoric artists, explorers, cartographers and geographers to those using satellites, GIS and social media reflect rich imaginations about the place and environmental knowledge. Historical creative efforts are addressed as well as ongoing geographic searches and mapping to improve our understanding of the planet’s human and environmental features. Creative curiosities about places local, planetary and extra-planetary will forever be part of human histories.
Behavioral Biometrics: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Sharma Mridula , Elmiligi Haytham
Published: March 2022

Behavioral biometrics are changing the way users are authenticated to access resources by adding an extra layer of security seamlessly. Behavioral biometric authentication identifies users based on a set of unique behaviors that can be observed when users perform daily activities or interact with smart devices. There are different types of behavioral biometrics that can be used to create unique profiles of users. For example, skill-based behavioral biometrics are common biometrics that is based on the instinctive, unique and stable muscle actions taken by the user. Other types include style-based behavioral biometrics, knowledge-based behavioral biometrics, strategy-based behavioral biometrics, etc. Behavioral biometrics can also be classified based on their use model. Behavioral biometrics can be used for one-time authentication or continuous authentication. One-time authentication occurs only once when a user requests access to a resource. Continuous authentication is a method of confirming the user’s identity in real-time while they are using the service. This chapter discusses the different types of behavioral biometrics and explores the various classifications of behavioral biometrics-based on their use models. The chapter highlights the most trending research directions in behavioral biometrics authentication and presents examples of current commercial solutions that are based on behavioral biometrics.
Medical Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Shendy Maged , Abhishek Sonia , Dhege Lisa , Alatwi Ibrahim
Published: March 2022

Methotrexate is the standard medical management for ectopic pregnancy. Pharmacologically, it is a folic acid antagonist which inhibits DNA synthesis. 90% of appropriately selected un-ruptured none live ectopic pregnancy respond to methotrexate treatment with no further management is required. In the UK, NICE guidance has identified the selection criteria to achieve the best and safest outcome in ectopic pregnancy treatment with methotrexate. Methotrexate also has a role in management of pregnancy of unknown location. Single administration of 50 mg/m2 body surface area is the most widely acceptable regimen for methotrexate in treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Post treatment b-HCG checks at day 0, 4 and 7 are also a widely accepted follow up regimen to ensure satisfactory decline in b-HCG levels. Methotrexate has a role also in managing none tubal ectopic pregnancies where surgical risks are high. Post treatment transient pain is common and represent a clinical challenge as it can also be failed treatment with ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
Prediction of the Transported Soil Volume by the Presence of Water in the Vicinity of Ma’adim Vallis (Mars)
Authors: Ramírez-Juidías Emilio
Published: March 2022

Ma\'adim Vallis is a channel that ends at the Gusev Crater. In general terms, the length of the channel is about 700 km while its width can reach 20 km and its depth 2 km. Currently, the images obtained from the area allow to visualize a landscape of abundant gullies with important signs of water erosion. In order to predict the volume of transported soil by the presence of water in the vicinity of Ma\'adim Vallis, as well as to generate a rainfall model applicable to the red planet, a total of 16 cross-sectional profiles were made along the main canyon, ensuring that all were equidistant from each other depending on the orographic characteristics of the study area. Once the volume of transported soil was obtained, a novel model capable of predicting the rainfall concentration index (RCI) necessary to produce a certain water erosion on the Mars surface was obtained. This model is applicable to other rocky planets as a result of its simplicity.
Macrophages and HIV/AIDS Pathogenesis: Lessons from the Rhesus Macaque Model
Authors: S. Didier Elizabeth , J. Kuroda Marcelo
Published: March 2022

Destruction of CD4+ T cells is a primary cause of immunodeficiency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected humans and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques. Tissue macrophages, however, also contribute to AIDS pathogenesis. Studies on rhesus macaque lung revealed the presence of at least two types of macrophages comprising short-lived lung interstitial macrophages in the parenchyma that are not present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and the long-lived alveolar macrophages that predominate in BAL and rarely divide. Increased blood monocyte turnover was associated with death of infected short-lived tissue macrophages and terminal disease progression during AIDS. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment of SIV-infected macaques effectively prevented active infection of short-lived macrophages in tissues and delayed disease progression. Interestingly however, longer-lived macrophages remained infected and survived despite ART. This suggests that the long-lived macrophages contribute to establishing a virus reservoir and that these infected persistent cells likely become dysregulated to promote chronic inflammation. Furthermore, macrophages are the predominant immunological cells in heart, adipose tissue, and lung, and these were primarily of the long-lived macrophage subset. Information about macrophages garnered from the SIV rhesus macaque model provides a basis to further develop intervention strategies that target macrophages for reducing chronic inflammatory co-morbidities and remove a contributing viral reservoir for achieving cure.
Nitrogen Budget in a Paddy-Upland Rotation Field with Soybean Cultivation
Authors: Takakai Fumiaki , Kikuchi Takemi , Sato Tomomi , Takeda Masato , Kanamaru Saki , Aono Yasuhiro , Nakagawa Shinpei , Yasuda Kentaro , Sato Takashi , Kaneta Yoshihiro
Published: March 2022

To reduce the over-production of rice, the paddy-upland rotation system, which alternates every few years between paddy rice cultivation and upland crop cultivation in drained (converted) paddy fields, is now commonly practiced in Japan. Recently, depletion of available soil nitrogen (N) and a subsequent decline in soybean yield in converted upland fields with repeated rotation have been reported in northern Japan. To evaluate the N budget in the paddy-upland rotation field with soybean and rice, a 6-year lysimeter experiment was conducted. In the rotation system, a considerable loss of N occurred in both the upland soybean and paddy rice cultivation periods (−11.9 and − 2.3 g N m−2 y−1, respectively). To mitigate the N loss in the rotation system, N supply from organic matter application is required. The effects of applying different types of organic matter (leguminous green manure, hairy vetch, and livestock manure compost) on the N budget in soybean cultivated fields were investigated. Compared to the N loss in the control plot without organic matter application, the N loss was mitigated in the hairy vetch plot, and N accumulation occurred in the livestock manure compost plot (−13.7, −3.5, and +11.8 g N m−2 y−1, respectively).
Thickness Dependent Spectroscopic Studies in 2D PtSe2
Authors: Basu Nilanjan , K. Pathak Vishal , Gilua Laxman , K. Nayak Pramoda
Published: March 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are emerging to be an exciting class of 2D materials apart from graphene or hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). They are a class of layered materials that exhibit inspiring properties which are worth exploring, among them PtSe2 is fairly a new addition. Although bulk PtSe2 was first synthesized more than a century ago, the study of its layer-dependent properties is still at a nascent stage. The monolayer of PtSe2 exhibits a band gap between 1.2 and 1.8 eV, the band gap starts to decrease with an increase in the number of layers thus transforming into semimetal type. Among all other 2D materials it shows the highest electron mobility of about 3000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and unlike other TMDCs, it is strikingly stable in ambient conditions. Owing to its stability and tunable properties, it has great potential in the fields of optoelectronics, spintronics, sensorics, and many more. In this book chapter, we report the thickness dependent spectroscopic properties of mechanically exfoliated PtSe2. We have explored low temperature Raman spectroscopy as well as polarized Raman spectroscopy to study in detail the vibrational properties of PtSe2. Raman spectroscopy is also employed to determine its thermal conductivity. We hope that this work will provide a fresh overview of PtSe2 from a spectroscopic perspective.
NIST time and frequency bulletin :
Authors: Rodriguez Kelsey
Published: March 2022

The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.
Research on the Influencing Factors, Location Selection and Risk of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment ——Based on the Empirical Analysis of 52 Countries along "The Belt and Road"
Authors: XU Jiaqing , ZHANG Qingyue
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we analyzed the data of 52 countries along “The Belt and Road” by applying the panel random effects model, and explored the influencing factors of Chinese foreign direct investment location choice, and on the basis, analyzed the risk of Chinese foreign direct investment. The empirical results show that the quality of labor force in the host countries, the investment in fixed assets, the degree of opening up, the participation in the multilateral and bilateral mechanisms, and the bilateral relations have a significant facilitating role on Chinese foreign direct investment. However, the degree of industrialization in the host countries and the distance between Beijing and capitals of other countries have a negative effect on Chinese foreign direct investment. In order to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese multinational investment enterprises and effectively prevent the risks of output foreign investment, we should take the following measures: Government, industry, university and research institutions should mutual collaborate, and strengthen the research on countries along “The Belt and Road”; We should develop and maintain good bilateral relations with countries along “The Belt and Road”; We should improve Chinese export credit insurance system and improve the level of risk protection.
Study on Comprehensive Evaluation of Tourists in Forest Park Based on AVC Theory ——Take Fuzhou National Forest Park as an Example
Authors: XU Xiaoling
Published: March 2022

Forest Park plays a decisive role in ecotourism, because of its ability to provide visitors with a close natural experience. In the construction of urban ecological civilization,Forest Park also plays an indispensable part.In order to make the Forest Park healthy and orderly development, this articlechooses Fuzhou National Forest Park as an example, based on the AVC theory, combined with the questionnaire survey, and then draw out the factors that significantly affected the comprehensive evaluation of tourists,Finally, the results are summarized and discussed in order to guide the development and construction of Forest Park.The results showed that: (1) The overall evaluation of Fuzhou National Forest Park by tourists reached "excellent" class; (2) Attraction> vitality> capacity of tourists in the three comprehensive evaluation points. Among them, the overall rating of attraction and vitality is "excellent" and the capacity is only "good"; (3) In the indicator level, the comprehensive evaluation level of tourists with 9 indicators reached "excellent", 11 indicators comprehensive evaluation rating of "good"; (4) Pearson correlation coefficient analysis found: The architectural style, soundscape, customs, comfort, signage, external traffic facilities and fitness facilities are the significant factors that affect the comprehensive evaluation of tourists at Fuzhou National Forest Park. Analyzing the 20 indicators’ Importance - Comprehensive evaluation, we draw out the development of the advantages and disadvantages in Fuzhou National Forest Park, for each quadrant put forward the corresponding development strategy. Fuzhou National Forest Park comprehensive evaluation of excellent level. However, there is a certain lack of infrastructure construction. In the future development should pay attention to the harmonious development of the three forces, Maintain its unique attraction, Strong its vitality, focus on the development of its capacity, that Fuzhou National Forest Park can develop more and more healthy and orderly.
Exploration of Labor Education System of Private Universities from the Perspective of "Three Comprehensive Education" —Take Shanghai Sanda University of as an example
Authors:   Business School, Shanghai Sanda University, LONG Ye
Published: March 2022

The MOE issued a set of Guidelines on Labor Education for Primary, Secondary and Higher Education in March, 2020. In August, the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and Shanghai Municipal Government also issued Implementation Opinions on it. Both guidelines provide the aim of labor education for universities and colleges. As one of the main channels, labor education will dramatically improve the morality enhancing and talents culturing for higher education. This paper lays out the value of labor education in private universities and analyzes the current problems. Based on the three dimensions of complete participation, engagement and collaboration, it aims to construct a solid, comprehensive and effective system of labor education in private universities, thus, creating a new pattern of labor education in private universities in the new era.
Reform and Exploration of Experimental Information Teaching of Chemical Principle under the Background of "Internet+"
Authors:   School of Life Sciences, Tarim University, SUN Dan , HOU Jinpeng , OU Ming , SHI Chunhui , TIAN Wei-liang
Published: March 2022

Based on the development of teaching in the new era and the requirements of modern teaching, the experiment of chemical principles is integrated with virtual simulation, relying on "Internet+" technology, building a new teaching system, realizing a comprehensive information-based experimental teaching, and improving the teaching effect of chemical practical classes. This project implements online and offline teaching system of chemical principle experiment, builds chemical principle experiment resource library, explores and develops new software of virtual simulation experiment of chemical principle with more practicality, implements open sharing and promotion application, and provides reference for the construction and promotion of practical courses of new engineering majors with important theoretical and practical significance.
Research on the Innovation of Music Aesthetic Education in the History of the Party
Authors:   School of Arts Education, Jilin University of Arts, Liu Si-tong , TU Bei
Published: March 2022

Red music is an indispensable part of music aesthetic education. Through red music, we learn Party history, so as to raise people's patriotism and patriotism, and at the same time, the educated group's deep understanding and understanding of Party history.The appearance of red music has enriched the kinds of music, strengthened the influence of music on society, demanded that music educators inherit the red gene and understand the meaning of education.
Fragments of different origins mobile genetic elements in the genome of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pidpala O. V. , Lukash L. L.
Published: March 2022

Aims. To analyze the presence of fragments of mobile genetic elements (MGE) of pro- and eukaryotic origin in the nucleotide sequence of the new human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Methods. The homology between nucleotide sequences was determined by BLAST 2.6.1. The results of the search and identification of MGE were performed using the ISfinder and CENSOR programs. Results. In the genome of the human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, fragments of 11 bacterial IS elements (0.68% of the viral genome) and 23 eukaryotic MGEs (4.6%) have been identified. Of the 11 SARS-CoV-2 genes, fragments of IS-elements are present in two genes (ORF1ab and M) and in 3’UTR. Fragments of MGE eukaryotes have been detected within four genes (ORF1ab, S, N, and ORF7b) and in 3’UTR. The highest percentage of MGE was found in the ORF7b gene and in 3’UTR. Analyzing the insertion profiles of IS fragments on the example of known human coronaviruses and their intermediate hosts, we have been concluded that the possibility of using fragments of prokaryotic MGE for phylogenetic studies of the new human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions. Based on the obtained results, we have been suggested that fragments of MGE of pro- and eukaryotic origin may play a role in the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, in particular in the formation of viral genes. They could also be informative phylogenetic markers.Keywords: human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, MGE, IS-elements, phylogenetic markers
Organization and polymorphysm of 5S rDNA intergenic spacer of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.)
Authors: Tynkevich Y. O. , Kozub L. V. , Volkov R. A.
Published: March 2022

Aim. The 5S rDNA repeated units consist of conserved regions encoding 5S rRNA and variable intergenic spacers (IGS). The IGS sequences are commonly used as molecular markers for low-ranking phylogenetic, phylogeographical and microevolutionary studies. However, this genomic region still remains undescribed for the waist majority of genera in the Rosaceae family. Here we present the first report of the IGS molecular organization and polymorphism for the widespread member of the Rosaceae family, Prunus spinosa. Methods. PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of 5S rDNA, bioinformatics analysis. Results. The 5SrDNA IGS of P. spinosa was cloned sequenced and compared with the IGS of three other representatives of the genus Prunus. It was found that the IGS variants present in the genome of P. spinosa differ by the number of subrepeats located at the 5’end. Each of these subrepeats contain RNA Pol III transcription termination signal. The IGS sequences of Prunus species evolved mainly by accumulation of nucleotide substitutions. The level of intragenomic similarity of P. spinosa IGS is 96.5-100%, while the similarity between the IGS of different Prunus species ranges from 73.0 to 87.3%. Conclusions. The IGS of 5S rDNA represents a useful marker for phylogenetic and taxonomic studies in the genus Prunus.Keywords: 5S rDNA, molecular evolution, Prunus spinosa.
How do opinion polls affect voters? The effect of opinion polls on the Danes’ voting behavior and sympathy for parties
Authors: Dahlgaard Jens Olav , Hansen Jonas Hedegaard , Hansen Kasper Møller , Larsen Martin Vinæs
Published: March 2022

Information like opinion polls can influence public opinion. We present two hypotheses to understand how polls affect voters: First, the bandwagon effect claims that voters “float along”: A party experiencing increased support receives more support and vice versa. Second, the underdog effect claims that a party experiencing declining support receives sympathy votes. Through a survey experiment we find evidence of the bandwagon effect, and the effect is strongest in the positive direction, that is, when a party experiences increased support more will follow. The negative bandwagon effect also finds support, but there is no support for the underdog effect. The effects are in the same direction regardless of the size of the party. We discuss whether publication of opinion polls should be banned.
Gamle venner og nye bekendtskaber: udvikling i den danske interessegruppepopulation
Authors: Fisker Helene Marie
Published: March 2022

Interessegrupper kan bidrage til et velfungerende demokrati, idet de kan sikre diversitet i koret af stemmer i det politiske system. Men er der mere diversitet i den danske interessegruppepopulation i dag end tidligere? Fire forskellige samfundsudviklinger: nye politiske værdier, demografiske ændringer, ændrede korporative strukturer og velfærdsstatens ekspansion påvirker, hvordan den danske interessegruppepopulation har udviklet sig i forhold til sammensætningen af forskellige gruppetyper. Der er mere diversitet i den danske interessegruppepopulation i dag end i 1970’erne, hvor de økonomiske organisationer som arbejdstager- og erhvervsorganisationer dominerede populationen. I dag er der mere ligevægt mellem de økonomiske organisationer og civilsamfundsorganisationerne.
Aggressive under certain conditions: A neo-classical realistic analysis of the development in Chinese foreign and security policy
Authors: Sørensen Camilla T.N.
Published: March 2022

What kind of great power is China? The increasingly prevalent argument is that China is an aggressive one. Chinese activities in the South and East China Sea are especially highlighted as examples of a generally more assertive and ambitious China. Is this the case? No. There is no clear line in or strategy behind the development in Chinese foreign and security policy. A neoclassical realist analysis shows how the ongoing developments in the overall power structure driven by an economically and militarily stronger China present a new room of maneuver for Chinese foreign and security policy and further how concerns of the Chinese leaders about securing their own domestic legitimacy then pull Chinese foreign and security policy in different directions.
Massemedier som forum for politisk debat. Mangfoldighed i danske avisers dækning af det første politiske folkemøde på Bornholm
Authors: Laursen Bo , Trapp N. Leila
Published: March 2022

Ifølge normative teorier om politisk offentlighed og demokrati bør der i deliberative demokratier som det danske foregå en bred offentlig debat, inden politikere træffer beslutninger. Debatten, der i dagens Danmark hovedsagelig foregår i massemedierne, skal blandt andet sikre, at alle synspunkter og argumenter vendes, og at befolkningen har indflydelse på og dermed ejerskab til beslutningerne. For at belyse hvorvidt medierne bidrager til, at debatten er mangfoldig, undersøgte vi, hvilke aktørgruppers synspunkter der blev gengivet i de store danske avisers dækning af en nutidig politisk begivenhed, nemlig det politiske folkemøde på Bornholm i 2011. Vi fandt, at dækningen var stærkt domineret af politikersynspunkter, og at almindelige borgeres synspunkter spillede en meget lille rolle.
Brugernes reaktion når det offentlige øger serviceniveauet. Resultater fra et lodtrækningsforsøg på skoleområdet
Authors: Andersen Simon Calmar , Nielsen Helena Skyt , Thomsen Mette Kjærgaard
Published: March 2022

Det er først for nylig, at det inden for uddannelsesområdet er blevet undersøgt, hvordan brugere reagerer, når investeringer i den offentlige serviceproduktion øges. Disse nye studier tyder på, at det får brugerne til at sænke deres bidrag til produktionen af disse ydelser. Det er uheldigt i den forstand, at det sænker den samlede effekt af de offentlige investeringer. Teori om samproduktion tilsiger imidlertid, at brugernes reaktion på forstærkede offentlige indsatser vil afhænge af, om de opfatter indsatserne som komplementære i forhold til, hvad de selv kan bidrage med, eller om de opfatter dem som rene substitutter. Vi undersøger brugernes reaktion ved i et felteksperiment på skoleområdet at sammenligne effekten af tre forskellige men sammenlignelige indsatser. Resultaterne viser, at den indsats, der appellerede til forældrenes aktive bidrag ved at give de fagligt svageste børn flere lektier for – og som samtidig var målrettet hjælp til børnene frem for hjælp til læreren – faktisk gjorde, at børnene oplevede, at forældrene hjalp dem mere med skolearbejdet. Resultaterne giver derfor grund til at forvente, at effekten af offentlige indsatser kan forstærkes frem for svækkes, hvis de tilrettelægges, så de giver brugerne en oplevelse af, at deres bidrag kan komplementere den offentlige indsats.
Når kommuner bliver større: de korte og mere langsigtede konsekvenser for lokaldemokratiet
Authors: Hansen Sune Welling , Hjelmar Ulf
Published: March 2022

Vi undersøger sammenhængen mellem et lokalpolitisk systems størrelse og demokratiets tilstand i systemet ved at anvende kommunesammenlægningerne i 2007 som et kvasi-eksperiment. Studiet ligger i forlængelse af en række nylige studier, som har brugt samme tilgang, og artiklen yder to bidrag hertil: For det første undersøger vi et bredt sæt af dimensioner i lokaldemokratiets tilstand. For det andet undersøger vi de kortsigtede konsekvenser af stigningerne i kommunestørrelse skabt af sammenlægningerne (to år efter) og de mere langsigtede konsekvenser (seks år efter) om end disse resultater skal tages med forbehold. Vores analyser viser, at borgernes vurdering af deres lokaldemokrati generelt er meget robust over for ændringer i kommunestørrelsen, og kun på få dimensioner finder vi belæg for systematiske ændringer på kortere og lidt længere sigt.
Samarbejdets betydning i den klassiske udlicitering: en analyse af de transaktionelle og relationelle dimensioners betydning
Authors: Lindholst Andrej Christian
Published: March 2022

Hvilken betydning har samarbejde i kontraktstyringen mellem offentlige myndigheder og private entreprenører inden for de klassiske udbudsområder? I både den administrative praksis og den politologiske litteratur betragtes en effektiv anvendelse af udlicitering på de klassiske udbudsområder oftest som et spørgsmål om, hvorvidt en række transaktionelle kontraktdimensioner i form af specifikation, prissætning, monitorering og kompensation kan tilfredsstilles gennem anvendelsen af færrest mulige ressourcer i kontraktstyringen (transaktionsomkostninger). I artiklen argumenteres der for, at en række relationelle dimensioner, særligt tematiseret som samarbejde, interpersonelle relationer og tillid, også må forventes at have afgørende betydning for en effektiv anvendelse af udlicitering på de klassiske udbudsområder. Gennem et singlecasestudie af kontraktstyringen på det kommunaltekniske driftsområde vises det, hvordan transaktionelle og relationelle dimensioner indgår i et dynamisk samspil og optræder som hinandens forudsætninger. En hovedkonklusion er, at det er nødvendigt at inddrage relationelle dimensioner i forklaringer af udliciteringens virkemåde og effektivitet.
Erik Rasmussen, Niels Bohr and value relativism: response to Ougaard
Authors: Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper
Published: March 2022

Morten Ougaard argues that it is a serious omission in my recent book on Erik Rasmussen that I ignore Rasmussen’s views on Bohr’s concept of complementarity and its relevance for political science. In response, I argue that Ougaard’s three examples of such relevance – the topics of micro-macroanalysis, causal determination and freedom of the will, and the relation between descriptions and evaluations – all fail to illustrate this relevance.
Anmeldelse af En plads i verden. Det moderne medborgerskab
Authors: Jørgensen Simon Laumann
Published: March 2022

Per Mouritsen. En plads i verden. Det moderne medborgerskab, Gyldendal, 2015 (anmeldt af Simon Laumann Jørgensen)
Small states in the perfect storm: crisis management and economic credibility in Ireland’s and Iceland’s financial crises
Authors: Carstensen Martin B.
Published: March 2022

Despite having lived through some of history’s greatest financial and economic crises, the two small open economies of Iceland and Ireland are now enjoying relatively high growth rates and declining unemployment, and are broadly regarded as success stories of effective economic turnarounds. In both countries, policy focused on restoring the confidence of international capital markets, but whereas Icelandic crisis management has compensated the people worst hit by the crisis through socially balanced austerity and debt cancellation, Ireland’s austerity followed a more orthodox, European approach with significant inequality-creating effects. Iceland’s heterodox approach was made possible through capital controls and a devaluation of the currency, while Ireland could neither devalue nor write down bank debt. The article shows how the dependence on international capital markets and the abandonment of independent monetary policy restrict the flexibility small states have previously enjoyed and increase dependence on fortunate developments in the world economy.
Hvordan reagerer vælgerne på velfærdsreformer?
Authors: Jensen Carsten , Lee Seonghui , Arndt Christoph , Wenzelburger Georg
Published: March 2022

I velfærdsstatslitteraturen diskuteres det, om reformer påvirker opbakningen til den siddende regering. Vi har indsamlet årligt data på velfærdsreformer af pensions- og arbejdsløshedsområderne og meningsmålinger i Storbritannien helt tilbage til 1946. Det giver os mulighed for at teste statistisk, hvorvidt velfærdsreformer påvirker regeringens folkelige opbakning. Det viser sig, at det gør de. Nedskæringer fører til lavere støtte, men ekspansion fører til højere støtte. Ikke mindst det sidste er interessant, fordi man i litteraturen ofte fokuserer på nedskæringer. Vores analyse tyder på, at der er et næsten symmetrisk forhold, således at effekten af nedskæringer og ekspansion er nogenlunde lige stor, men altså i forskellige retninger.
Er ministrenes brug af spinstrategier effektiv?
Authors: Knudsen Søren Bøllingtoft
Published: March 2022

Hvis en regering ønsker genvalg, er det afgørende, at dens ministre forstår det politiske spil. En central del af dette spil er spillet om skyldsunddragelse. Her kan ministre benytte forskellige spinstrategier. Spørgsmålet er, hvilke spinstrategier ministrene anvender, samt hvor effektive strategierne er. Dette undersøges ved at sammenligne seks danske ministres anvendelse af spinstrategier baseret på indholdskodning af 1412 artikler fra Politiken. Analyserne viser, at trods ændringer i hvilke strategier ministrene benytter, er anvendelsen af spinstrategier ikke øget de seneste tyve år. Mest effektiv er anvendelsen af én spinstrategi, næstmest effektivt er passivitet, og værst er det at kombinere flere spinstrategier. Endelig er hurtig respons hverken mere eller mindre effektiv end langsom.
Engangs- og flergangsskiftere: to typer partiskiftere
Authors: Shamshiri-Petersen Ditte
Published: March 2022

I dag er det mere end hver tredje vælger, der skifter parti fra et folketingsvalg til det næste. Store dele af litteraturen peger på, at disse skiftere typisk er at finde blandt de vælgere, der er mindre engagerede i politik, har færre politiske kompetencer og i stedet vælger lidt tilfældigt blandt partierne. Det er imidlertid fejlagtigt at betragte partiskifterne som en homogen gruppe. En analyse af Valgundersøgelsens paneldata fra perioden 1998-2005 viser, at der er forskel på de skiftere, der blot lejlighedsvis skifter parti, og så dem, der skifter flere gange i træk. Hvor flere partiskift ganske rigtigt er forbundet med mindre engagement og kompetencer samt med en form for afmagt i forhold til det politiske, så er dette ikke tilfældet for dem, der foretager et enkelt skift.
Anmeldelse af Teorier om dansk udenrigspolitik efter den kolde krigs afslutning
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus Brun
Published: March 2022

Henrik Larsen, Teorier om dansk udenrigspolitik efter den kolde krigs afslutning, Hans Reitzels Forlag, 2017 (anmeldt af Rasmus Brun Pedersen)
Anmeldelse af The Imprint of Congress
Authors: Jensen Henrik
Published: March 2022

David Mayhew, The Imprint of Congress. Yale University Press, 2017 (anmeldt af Henrik S. Jensen)
Policy-fællesskaber, standard- og krisestyringsprocedurer: det oversete institutionelle grundlag for den brede opbakning til Danmarks aktivistiske udenrigspolitik
Authors: Jakobsen Peter Viggo
Published: March 2022

Artiklen identificerer de institutionelle mekanismer, som har skabt og vedligeholdt den overraskende høje politiske opbakning, som har kendetegnet den aktivistiske udenrigspolitiks to flagskibe i næsten 60 år: de internationale militære operationer og udviklingsbistanden. Den høje og konstante opbakning skyldes to policy-fællesskaber, der inddrager de centrale aktører og anvender standard- og krisestyringsprocedurer i form af ekspertudredninger, kommissioner, flerårige budgetaftaler, konsultationer, politiske forlig og strategier til at skabe kompromiser på de to policy-områder. Den høje politiske opbakning understøttes af manglende folkelig interesse for de to områder og behovet for at fremstå som en troværdig international samarbejdspartner. Nøglen til at forstå den udenrigspolitiske aktivismes fremtidige udvikling ligger derfor ikke i udlandet eller i meningsmålingerne, som det normalt antages. Den ligger på Slotsholmen.
Machine learning as a tool in political science
Authors: Bach Alexander , Svejgaard Jesper , Hjort Frederik
Published: March 2022

The use of machine learning is rapidly gaining ground in empirical political science and public policy making. Machine learning can be employed to predict individual-level outcomes and thus holds potential for increasing precision in targeted early interventions across various policy domains. This article introduces machine learning as a part of the political science and public policy toolbox. It explains key concepts and outlines how machine learning can be carried out in practice. A decision tree model used to predict dropout among students at Copenhagen University College serves as an illustrative case throughout the article. Lastly, the article discusses some of the methodological promises and pitfalls of using machine learning in a social science setting.
Anmeldelse af How Dictatorships Work: Power, Personalization, and Collapse
Authors: Grundholm Alexander Taaning
Published: March 2022

Barbara Geddes, Joseph Wright og Erica Frantz, How Dictatorships Work: Power, Personalization, and Collapse, Cambridge University Press, 2018 (anmeldt af Alexander Taaning Grundholm)
Historical learning to structure dialogue on the future relationship between Denmark and the North Atlantic
Authors: Bertelsen Rasmus Gjedsø
Published: March 2022

Denmark has been constitutionally linked to the North Atlantic since the Danish-Norwegian union of 1380. Denmark is a Continental European small state, whose relationship with Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland has been shaped by external shocks from great power conflict and national liberal ideas that all point towards ever greater and eventually full independence for the Faroe Islands and Greenland. This development continues in today’s international system shaped by power transition from West to East and the rise of China. Denmark and the North Atlantic need a common intellectual framework to analyze, debate and decide their future relationship based on historical learning. The 1918 union agreement between Denmark and Iceland made Iceland a sovereign and equal state in a personal union of shared monarch with Denmark. This union is a relatively less discussed but important contribution to historical learning for the future Danish-North Atlantic relationship.
Skal svingdørslobbyisme i Danmark reguleres?
Authors: Blach-Ørsten Mark , Mayerhöffer Eva
Published: March 2022

Svingdørslobbyisme vokser i Danmark, uden at det har medført ny lovgivning. I flere lande, som Danmark normalt sammenligner sig med, har en lignende udvikling fundet sted og ført til ny lovgivning. Lovgivningen begrundes af især to overordnede hensyn: hensynet til den generelle tillid til det politiske system og hensynet til beskyttelse af statens økonomiske interesser. Artiklen beskriver fremvæksten af svingdørslobbyisme i Norden og Tyskland. Herefter analyserer artiklen nyere lovgivning om regulering af svingdørslobbyisme i Norge, Sverige og Tyskland. Det konkluderes, at hensynet til såvel økonomi som tillid fremgår af den nyere lovgivning i alle tre lande, men også at reguleringen kun indeholder svage sanktioner i tilfælde af regelbrud. På denne baggrund diskuteres regulering af svingdørslobbyisme i Danmark.
The media’s role in political decision-making processes
Authors: Albæk Erik , Green-Pedersen Christoffer
Published: March 2022

Do the media matter for public policy making? Based on the literature on the conditionality of the effect of mass media attention on political attention and theories of public policy making, this article argues that it depends on prior political attention. If the media focus on a case related to an issue to which politicians already pay attention, and the media attention is sustained, this can initiate a political decision-making process that leads to public policy change. The article illustrates this logic using two Danish examples and discusses how this argument can be investigated more broadly.
Borders as peace project
Authors: McCall Cat
Published: March 2022

Peacebuilding in European borderscapes stresses contact, communication and cooperation across borders and across ethnic and national boundaries. Respect for cultural difference is the guiding principle of this enterprise with the aim of tackling fear and mistrust, addressing grievances, and challenging stereotypes. Nevertheless, it is not multicultural respect but economic cooperation that has been the main priority of European Union cross-border cooperation initiatives. Addressing the legacy of border conflict and the residual emotions of suspicion, fear, resentment, grievance and hatred has been, at best, a secondary concern. This is complicated further by the twenty-first century fixation on the securitisation of borders, with cross-border cooperation aimed at securing the European Union’s external frontier. In this twenty-first century context of rebordering, the path of European integration could well shift from one of intergovernmental and cross-border peacebuilding to one that appeals to Europe’s legacy of border conflict and coercion.
Counter-protest: young people’s political engagement
Authors: Lieberkind Jonas
Published: March 2022

Based on The International Civic and Citizenship Education Study as well as a qualitative study of Danish young people born in the early 00s, the article explores and discusses their political engagement both empirically and theoretically. The two studies show that Danish youths possess an extensive political interest and knowledge of the democratic society, but at the same time, they articulate a prevalent reservation about protesting and participating in public political activities. The argument of the article is that their form of political engagement can analytically be reflected as a counter-protest. The term counter-protest captures an increasing political engagement, but an engagement that counteracts protest as a relevant form of political action and, furthermore, supports the conventional political system.
Trauma, anxiety and guilt: Repetition compulsion in Denmark’s military activism?
Authors: Mathiasen Jan Werner
Published: March 2022

Military contributions to international operations have been Denmark’s preferred security policy instrument since 9/11. The Danish military activism, thereby, resembles a self-referential identity project originated in the national trauma of 1864 and dominated by defense mechanisms against anxiety and guilt. Anxiety related to the near-annihilation of Denmark and guilt from not having acted politically responsible in the past. Since 9/11, the German occupation and the footnote policy, therefore, emerges as powerful identity markers that drive and enhance Denmark’s military engagement. Consequently, the military activism continues without significantly balancing the advantages and disadvantages of the specific military contributions. The military activism endures because Denmark, through repetition, secures the historical survivals in 1864, 1940 and during the Cold War as its own.

Keywords: Denmark, military activism, collective identity, chosen trauma, psychoanalysis
Who am I as a leader? An analysis of leader identity among clinical consultants in Denmark
Authors: Cecchini Mathilde
Published: March 2022

Studies have emphasized the importance of leader identity for the development of public leaders since a strong leader identity is strongly correlated with active leadership behavior. In the literature, leader identity is often defined as “the extent to which an individual identifies as a leader”. In this article, I argue that leader identity is not only a question of strength but also of the substantial meaning individuals ascribe to this identity. Based on the literature on leader identity and a qualitative analysis of 21 semi-structured interviews with clinical consultants in Danish hospitals, the article identifies three different types of leader identity: the dominant leader, the engaging leader and the entrepreneur.
Færøske og grønlandske mandater i Folketinget
Authors: Harder Mette Marie Stæhr
Published: March 2022

Rigsfællesskabet står højt på agendaen i disse år, men selvom Folketinget må siges at være en central arena for fællesskabets historiske og nutidige udfoldelse, ved vi kun meget lidt om de nordatlantiske mandaters deltagelse i folketingsarbejdet. Særligt ved vi næsten intet om forskellen på grønlandske og færøske medlemmers deltagelse: Deltager de på samme vis, eller er der væsentlige forskelle? I perioden 1953 til i dag har både medlemmer fra Færøerne og Grønland beskæftiget sig mest med nationale forhold, ligesom de har forholdt sig ens i spørgsmål om parlamentariske flertalsdannelser, men der er væsentlige forskelle. Blandt andet deltager de grønlandske medlemmer dobbelt så meget i en række parlamentariske aktiviteter, ligesom de holder langt mindre orlov.
Anmeldelse af The Return of Inequality: Social Change and the Weight of the Past
Authors: Arabi Kasper
Published: March 2022

Mike Savage, The Return of Inequality: Social Change and the Weight of the Past. Harvard University Press, 2021 (anmeldt af Kasper Arabi)
La place des jeunes africains sur les périmètres irrigués dans un contexte de libéralisation et de partenariat public privé : le cas des jeunes agriculteurs du delta du fleuve Sénégal
Authors: Sylla El Hadji Malick , Barbier Bruno , Seck Sidy Mohamed , Faye Mbène Dièye , Abdoulaye Tahirou
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes different approaches to establishing rural youth in irrigation areas in the Senegal

River delta in the context of new hydro-agricultural developments and massive land acquisitions by agrobusiness.

Government-led irrigation projects introduced in the 1960s distributed free 0.2-hectare plots of

land to young workers from the surrounding region. However, in the 1980s, Senegal took a liberal turn

that led to a shift from public-sector to private-sector initiatives. As a result, young workers, who often

lack the means necessary to acquire land, have found it much more challenging to pursue farming in

irrigation areas. Since 2006, few young farmers have acquired any of the 5,000 hectares of new irrigated

farmland developed through programs based on the public-private partnership model. At the same time,

agro-industry growth has provided young people with many temporary and precarious employment

opportunities.

Based on surveys of farmers and agricultural workers in the Senegal River delta, we show how young

people find it increasingly difficult to acquire land or secure adequate employment in the agricultural

sector. In addition, we demonstrate that access to irrigated land, as opposed to salaried agricultural work,

represents the most effective strategy for poverty reduction.