bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial Quality of Selected Commercial Fresh Fruit Juices Sold in Mysore City
Authors: Divyashree S , Jamuna Prakash , Brabahavanthis N
Published: December 2014

Fruit juices are common man’s beverages and sold at public places. Since they are known for carrying heavy microbial load, the present investigation was undertaken to enumerate and identify the microorganisms in fruit juices (sweet lime, orange and pineapple) selected from three different street vended shops (source A, B and C) in Mysore. The juices were analyzed for the microbial quality for type of organisms and number of colonies by serial dilution technique, pour plate method,gram’s staining method and staining for fungi; and physico-chemical properties. Results showed that the pineapple juice from two sources was highly contaminated with bacterial pathogens (25×104CFU/mland 20×104CFU/ml). All samples were contaminated with faecal streptococci. In source-B and C, all juices showed high counts of fungal colonies (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and yeast). It is contended that contamination was mainly due to poor quality of water used for dilution as well as prevailing unhygienic conditions related to washing of utensils and maintenance of the premises. The result showed the poor hygienic quality of street vended fruit juices and the possible risk to the consumers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11746 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (30-34), 2013
Knowledge and Practice on Breastfeeding among Mothers of Infant
Authors: Adhikari Tulashi , Subedi Ishwar
Published: December 2014

This descriptive explorative study was carried out with the aim of finding out the current status on breastfeeding among mothers of infants in Kanti Children Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. A total of 100 mothers attending maternal and child health (MCH) Clinic of Kanti Children’s hospital were selected on the first come first basis. A semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect data that assess the knowledge and actual practices of mothers regarding breastfeeding. The study finding revealed that 52% responded has correct meaning of exclusive breastfeeding. Regarding the initiation of breastfeeding only 41% respondents fed their babies correctly within 1 hour. Twenty six percent of them had given Prelacteal feeding from 52.6% of mothers from rural and 20.8% mothers from urban area. Only 12% of respondents had knowledge about expressing breast milk (EBM) and among them only 8.3% practiced it. Regarding the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), 34% respondents had given EBF up to 6 months, 26% had given prelacteal feed and 26% respondents did not practice EBF from 1st day of life. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11754 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (71-74), 2013
Use of Higher Ethylene Generating Fruits for Ripening as an Alternative to Ethylene
Authors: Pokhrel Prashant
Published: December 2014

Every fruit has its own best eating quality upon natural ripening. But not all fruits are allowed to ripen on the plant. Ripe fruits cannot withstand the postharvest handling system when shipped long distance. They are likely to become soft and mealy with insipid flavour after traveling long. Climacteric fruits are often picked at the maturity stage so that they can withstand the postharvest handling hazards. Likewise to ripen them, ethylene gas is generally used. In most of the countries calcium carbide is used as a source of acetylene (alternative to ethylene) for ripening. However it has been banned in many countries including Nepal. And for those who produce organic fruits, natural ripening can bring a physico-chemical hazard during postharvest handling. Ripe climacteric fruits produce ethylene gas in amounts higher than the threshold level required to induce the ripening process of such fruits. So as a solution to the above problem, ripe fruits can be taken to ripen the mature climacteric fruits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11757 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (84-86), 2013
The James Ross Island and the Fletcher Promontory ice-core drilling projects
Authors: Mulvaney Robert , Triest Jack , Alemany Olivier
Published: December 2014

Following on from the successful project to recover an ice core to bedrock on Berkner Island, similar drilling equipment and logistics were used on two further projects to recover ice cores to bedrock in the Antarctic Peninsula. At James Ross Island, a ship- and helicopter-supported project drilled to bedrock at 363 m depth in a single season, while a Twin Otter-supported project drilled to bedrock at 654m depth, again in a single season, from Fletcher Promontory. In both new projects, drilling was from the surface, with the infrastructure enclosed in a tent, using an uncased, partially fluid-filled, borehole.
Aladdin’s Magic Lamp: Active Target Calibration of the DMSP OLS
Authors: Tuttle Benjamin , Anderson Sharolyn , Elvidge Chris , Ghosh Tilottama , Baugh Kim , Sutton Paul
Published: December 2014

Nighttime satellite imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Programs’ Operational Linescan System (DMSP OLS) is being used for myriad applications including population mapping, characterizing economic activity, disaggregate estimation of CO2 emissions, wildfire monitoring, and more. Here we present a method for in situ radiance calibration of the DMSP OLS using a ground based light source as an active target. We found that the wattage of light used by our active target strongly correlates with the signal measured by the DMSP OLS. This approach can be used to enhance our ability to make intertemporal and intersatellite comparisons of DMSP OLS imagery. We recommend exploring the possibility of establishing a permanent active target for the calibration of nocturnal imaging systems.
The unexpected influence of aryl substituents in N-aryl-3-oxobutanamides on the behavior of their multicomponent reactions with 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole and salicylaldehyde
Authors: Tkachenko Volodymyr V , Muravyova Elena A , Desenko Sergey M , Shishkin Oleg V , Shishkina Svetlana V , Sysoiev Dmytro O , Müller Thomas J J , Chebanov Valentin A
Published: December 2014

The switchable three-component reactions of 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole, salicylaldehyde and N-aryl-3-oxobutanamides under different conditions were studied and discussed. The unexpected influence of the aryl substituent in N-aryl-3-oxobutanamides on the behavior of the reaction was discovered. The key influence of ultrasonication and Lewis acid catalysts led to an established protocol to selectively obtain two or three types of heterocyclic scaffolds depending on the substituent in the N-aryl moiety.
Liver Fibrosis Progression despite HCV Cure with Antiviral Therapy in HIV–HCV-Coinfected Patients
Authors: Labarga Pablo , Fernandez-Montero Jose V , De Mendoza Carmen , Barreiro Pablo , Pinilla Javier , Soriano Vincent
Published: December 2014

Background

Accelerated liver fibrosis and more frequent hepatic decompensation events and liver-related deaths are characteristically seen in chronic hepatitis C patients coinfected with HIV compared with HCV-monoinfected individuals. Quantitative estimates of long-term clinical benefits derived from curing HCV with antiviral therapy in coinfected patients are scarce, despite being needed for accurate cost-effectiveness decisions using expensive direct-acting antivirals in this population.

Methods

We retrospectively examined all HIV–HCV-coinfected patients followed at one reference clinic in Madrid since 2004. Liver fibrosis was measured longitudinally using elastometry; changes above 30% in kilo-pascal units were considered as significant.

Results

A total of 568 HIV–HCV-coinfected patients were examined. Pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy had been given to 396 (69.7%) of whom 138 (34.8%) had achieved sustained virological response (SVR). Mean follow-up was of 6.8 (±1.5) years for hepatic events and 4.4 (±0.8) years for liver fibrosis. Hepatic decompensation events, liver-related deaths and significant liver fibrosis progression occurred less frequently in SVR than in non-treated/treatment failures. Although regression of liver fibrosis occurred in most SVR patients, fibrosis significantly progressed in 7.2% of them, in association with higher plasma HIV RNA ( P=0.005) and longer exposure to HIV protease inhibitors ( P=0.009).

Conclusions

Achievement of SVR dramatically reduces the risk of hepatic decompensation events and liver-related deaths in HIV–HCV-coinfected patients. Although liver fibrosis generally improves following HCV cure, worsening may occur in association with uncontrolled HIV replication and prolonged exposure to protease inhibitors. Thus, periodic assessment of liver fibrosis is warranted after SVR and screening for liver cancer should continue in coinfected patients with advanced liver fibrosis.
Resultados apico-palatales y dorso-palatales de -LL-, -NN y de LL- (< L-) NN- (< N-)
Authors: Catalán Diego
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Nombres de túmulos y dólmenes. En Galicia y norte de Portugal
Authors: Monteagudo Luis
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Representaciones de títeres en teatros públicos y palaciegos: 1211-1760
Authors: Varey J. E.
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Etimologie spagnole
Authors: Alessio Giovanni
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Distribución relativa de los topónimos en Albus y en Blank en la Penísula Ibérica
Authors: Roca Garriga Pedro
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Desenvoltura, suelto y soltura en Boscán
Authors: Morreale Margherita
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Sobre la partícula "son'' antepuesta a nombres de predios mallorquines
Authors: Galmés de Fuentes Álvaro
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Dejar + participio
Authors: Roca Pons José
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Semántica de una errata del "Buscón"
Authors: De Entrambasaguas Joaquín
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Alain Chartier y Ausiás March
Authors: De Riquer Martín
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Los anglicismos en España y su papel en la lengua oral
Authors: Stone Howard
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Derivados de sabucus en la toponimia peninsular
Authors: Alvar Manuel
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Etimología de chumbera y chumbo
Authors: Vázquez Ruiz José
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya
Authors: Steiger Arnald
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Nota sobre la lengua de los románticos (una sátira de Acuña de Figueroa)
Authors: Carilla Emilio
Published: December 2014

No disponible
La primitiva lírica europea. Estado actual del problema.
Authors: Menéndez Pidal Ramón
Published: December 2014

No disponible
La lengua compañera del Imperio
Authors: Asensio Eugenio
Published: December 2014

No disponible
El método espectográfico (Notas de Fonética experimental)
Authors: Quilis Morales Antonio
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Ficción y realidad en el “Viaje de Turquía” (Glosas y comentarios al recorrido por Grecia)
Authors: Gil Luis , Gil Juan
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Fonética y fonología andaluzas
Authors: Llorente Maldonado de Guevara Antonio
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Geografía dialectal antigua
Authors: Pottier Bernard
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Las ideas dramáticas de Pellicer de Tovar
Authors: Porqueras Mayo A. , Sánchez Escribano F.
Published: December 2014

No disponible
La anticipación vocálica en español
Authors: Fernández Joseph A.
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Otro lector de Góngora disconforme con Salcedo
Authors: Rozas Juan Manuel
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Para la cronología de la fricativa, velar, sorda, /x/ en castellano
Authors: Quilis Antonio , Rozas Juan M.
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Doble faceta literaria de Fray Vicente Martínez Colomer
Authors: Juliá Martínez Eduardo
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Knittelers “Verso Nudoso”
Authors: Maldonado de Guevara F.
Published: December 2014

El origen germánico atribuido a la métrica arcaica castellana -cantares primitivos, Poema del Cid- me ha llevado a poner atención en el llamado Knittelers o verso “nudoso”, que en la literatura alemana representa una forma antiquísima y popular anterior a los grandes poemas épicos de la Edad Media.
Vasco-románica
Authors: Michelena Luis
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Solia, Contosolia y el nombre del Zújar
Authors: Adrados Francisco R.
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Aportes a la fonética dialectal de Sanabria y de sus zonas colindantes
Authors: Krüger Fritz
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Revisión de la novela sentimental
Authors: Varela José Luis
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Notas para un estudio del fonetismo del bubi (dialecto batete)
Authors: Levin Norman Balfour
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Lope en La Galleria de Marino
Authors: Rozas Juan Manuel
Published: December 2014

Es tan vieja como llamativa la historia que denuncia los plagios de Marino a Lope. Empieza, apasionada, con Stigliani; continúa en la Fama póstuma y en las Essequie; se perfila, con rigor inusitado para la época, en Mennini; y, tras tres siglos de silencio, que rompe Menghini, la concreta y amplía la crítica de nuestros días: Fucilla, Gasparetti, y, sobre todo, Dámaso Alonso. Después, Hempel, aunque no preocupado directamente por el problema de las fuentes, ha completado este largo capítulo de literatura. comparada, que se va remansando en los estudios marinistas de conjunto.
Algunas observaciones sobre la palabra compuesta. La palabra compuesta como signo lingüístico
Authors: Bustos Tovar Eugenio de
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
El sentido de la aventura espiritual en la Cárcel de Amor
Authors: Bermejo Hurtado Haydée , Cvitanovic Dinko
Published: December 2014

La Cárcel de amor, de Diego de San Pedro, ofrece un testimonio curioso y a la vez significativo como afán de conocimiento y culminación amorosa en el complejo contexto espiritual de la época. Como punto de partida debemos señalar, en primer lugar, la índole hipotética de los términos conocimiento, amor y época puesto que nuestra indagación nos llevará precisamente a establecer que los dos primeros se encuentran en estrecha relación, y que esta relación -sintomática de una postura intelectual abierta, tal vez como nunca, a la esencial ambigüedad del hombre y de la lengua- nos proyectará a una valoración de niveles semánticos que involucran -por tipificación- a la época, pero que la trascienden.
La influencia del sustrato de la fonética del español de México
Authors: Lope Blanch Juan M.
Published: December 2014

En este breve trabajo atenderé exclusivamente a la posible influencia fonética de las lenguas indígenas sobre el español normal de la ciudad de México, esto es, sobre el habla común, general, de la capital. Claro está que la norma lingüística de la ciudad de México, con sus seis millones de hablantes, es, con mucho, la principal del país. Las peculiaridades fonéticas del español mexicano que suelen atribuirse a la influencia del sustrato indígena, son las seis siguientes: 1) la existencia de un fonema š (palatal fricativo sordo); 2) la presencia de un sonido š (dentoalveolar africado sordo); 3) la articulación explosiva de t + l³; 4) la articulación vibrante múltiple de la -r final (implosiva); 5) la caducidad de las vocales, átonas y aun tónicas; y 6) la articulación tensa y larga de la s, especialmente en posición final.
El demostrativo en español y en francés. Estudio comparativo y estructuración
Authors: Lamíquiz Vidal
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Joaquín Domínguez Bécquer y el retrato de Lista
Authors: Aguilar Piñal Francisco
Published: December 2014

De las relaciones de la familia Bécquer con el poeta Alberto Lista apenas sabemos la noticia escueta del aprendizaje de Gustavo Adolfo en San Diego. No obstante, como se verá en estas breves notas, la conducta generosa y desinteresada de Joaquín Domínguez Bécquer, tío del poeta, con el anciano profesor, presupone algo más que una cortés y respetuosa deferencia para con el admirado maestro.
La rima IX de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
Authors: Torres Martínez José Carlos
Published: December 2014

Entre las rimas de Bécquer algunas han resultado especialmente atractivas a los investigadores, que han aplicado a ellas su atención y su esfuerzo. Es el caso, por ejemplo, de la Rima XV, y lo es el de la Rima IX. Ha sido analizada y estudiada, sin duda porque presenta carácter de plenitud y coherencia, de algo acabado dentro de la pequeñez de sus ocho versos. Ya se ha asegurado que “es ésta una Rima extraordinariamente interesante, además de ser una de las más bellas, por su simbólica humanización de lo cosmológico y por la cumplida adecuación de los elementos en unidad métrica, rítmica, de sonoridad, de imágenes y de contenido”. Varios autores se han ocupado de ese contenido, de ese fondo que deja entrever la Rima, y han buscado también conexiones con otros textos que directa o indirectamente pudieran ser fuentes. Sin embargo, parece necesario resumir y poner de acuerdo los hallazgos de unos y de otros, para añadir y completar algunos aspectos que hayan podido quedar más olvidados.
Mundo onírico y transfiguración en la prosa de Bécquer
Authors: Varela José Luis
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Juan Zorrila de San Martín y Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
Authors: Esquer Torres Ramón
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Con lágrimas de Moysén-escantan las orejas. Sobre la estrofa 438 del Libro del Buen Amor
Authors: Colón Germán
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
La forma que del español y su contribución al mensaje
Authors: Lavandera Beatriz R.
Published: December 2014

Las gramáticas del español han distinguido siempre entre dos signos que: uno que agrupan con las conjunciones y al que llaman “subordinante”, y otro que forma parte de la serie de los “pronombres relativos”.

En este trabajo intentaré demostrar, a propósito de la forma que, según estos autores, que las funciones que una forma lingüística puede desempeñar no son hechos independientes de la forma misma (entendida en el sentido saussureano como dualidad de forma –significante- y significado), sino explicables por ella.
Análisis acústico de [ř] en algunas zonas de Hispanoamérica
Authors: Quilis Antonio , Carril Ramón B.
Published: December 2014

El objeto de nuestro trabajo es el de caracterizar acústicamente la realización asibilada del fonema [ř]
Las Relaciones de Yucatán del siglo XVI
Authors: Alvar Manuel
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Una nota lopiana y otra gongorina en una comedia del “Fénix”
Authors: Entrambasaguas Joaquín de
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Juan Valera y Os Lusíadas
Authors: Ares Montes José
Published: December 2014

No disponible
A propósito de las restricciones de orden en las secuencias de clíticos en español
Authors: Bastida Salvador
Published: December 2014

Es un hecho bien conocido que el español impone ciertas restricciones a las secuencias de clíticos. En este trabajo estudiaremos solamente las cuestiones relativas al orden interno de tales secuencias, dejando aparte el problema de su colocación en la oración.
La formación jurídica del Arcipreste de Talavera
Authors: Bermejo Cabrero J. L.
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
La función de las pausas de oclusión en español. Un experimento psicoacústico
Authors: Drommel Raimund H.
Published: December 2014

Este experimento está destinado a confirmar que -en el sentido del principio de la “percepción categorical”- una variación artificial del parámetro temporal “pausa oclusiva” (hubiéramos preferido el término “pausa intrasegmental”) puede llevar a una diferenciación entre significados de palabras por parte de los oyentes. Además, se plantean problemas sobre los rasgos distintivos de los grupos de personas que intervinieron en los experimentos. Uno de los problemas planteados p. e. es: ¿se manifiesta la categorialidad de la interpretación de no-fonetistas y hablantes del español frente a la de fonetistas y no-hablantes del español para los mismos juicios en duraciones de diversa longitud de la pausa subyacente?.
La aplicación de la fonología transformacional a la lengua española: La Spanish Phonology de J. Harris
Authors: Torreblanca Máximo
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Nota léxica cervantina: Las Algarrovillas
Authors: Lerner Isaías
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Du laboratoire de Madame Joliot à la construction de Ganil
Authors: Lefort Marc
Published: December 2014

Embauché au CNRS par Irène Joliot-Curie en 1946, Marc Lefort étudie l’action des rayonnements sur les solutions aqueuses jusqu’en 1957, date à laquelle il transfère toute son activité à l’Institut de physique nucléaire d’Orsay qui vient d’ouvrir. Il y créera un groupe de chimie nucléaire qui jouera un rôle essentiel pour le développement de la physique des ions lourds en France. Professeur de chimie à l’Université d’Orsay de 1963 à 1985, auteur de plusieurs ouvrages scientifiques, il a été responsable de la construction de l’accélérateur Alice à Orsay, puis du Ganil, à Caen.
A representação do migrante clandestino no cinema contemporâneo: Efeitos e cenas de fronteira
Authors: Schurmans Fabrice
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo estuda um corpus de filmes que representam diversos percursos de migrantes clandestinos. A análise foca particularmente o lugar do clandestino na fronteira, entendida como lugar e metáfora. Após uma leitura crítica da noção de fronteira, descrevem-se as figuras recorrentes desta cinematografia: o clandestino que experimenta a fronteira, o homem ocidental em crise que se regenera no contacto com o Outro, a instância de receção que vê questionada a sua postura perante o sofrimento do/a migrante.
Perdidos no Mediterrâneo: Teorias, discursos, fronteiras e políticas migratórias no Mare Nostrum
Authors: Gjergji Iside
Published: December 2014

O Mediterrâneo tornou-se, durante largo tempo, um espaço por excelência da ação política e da reflexão. Em consequência disso, tem-se assistido de forma crescente a um debate em torno da sua história, cultura e perfil antropológico específicos. Mas uma boa parte desse debate tem-se revelado incapaz de descrever e analisar convenientemente a realidade do Mediterrâneo contemporâneo. Através do prisma dos movimentos, políticas e práticas fronteiriças de natureza migratória, o presente artigo propõe-se estilhaçar a imagem de postal ilustrado do Mare Nostrum. Com apoio nos estudos interdisciplinares, põe-se, assim, em destaque as contradições gritantes que caracterizam atualmente os debates teóricos e sociopolíticos em torno do Mediterrâneo.
Natural Anti-Intestinal Goblet Cell Autoantibody Production from Marginal Zone B Cells
Authors: Ichikawa Daiju , Asano Masanao , Shinton Susan A. , Brill-Dashoff Joni , Formica Anthony M. , Velcich Anna , Hardy Richard R. , Hayakawa Kyoko
Published: December 2014

Expression of a germline VH3609/D/JH2 IgH in mice results in the generation of B1 B cells with anti-thymocyte/Thy-1 glycoprotein autoreactivity by coexpression of Vk21-5/Jk2 L chain leading to production of serum IgM natural autoantibody. In these same mice, the marginal zone (MZ) B cell subset in spleen shows biased usage of a set of Ig L chains different from B1 B cells, with 30% having an identical Vk19-17/Jk1 L chain rearrangement. This VH3609/Vk19-17 IgM is reactive with intestinal goblet cell granules, binding to the intact large polymatrix form of mucin 2 glycoprotein secreted by goblet cells. Analysis of a μκ B cell AgR (BCR) transgenic (Tg) mouse with this anti–goblet cell/mucin2 autoreactive (AGcA) specificity demonstrates that immature B cells expressing the Tg BCR become MZ B cells in spleen by T cell–independent BCR signaling. These Tg B cells produce AGcA as the predominant serum IgM, but without enteropathy. Without the transgene, AGcA autoreactivity is low but detectable in the serum of BALB/c and C.B17 mice, and this autoantibody is specifically produced by the MZ B cell subset. Thus, our findings reveal that AGcA is a natural autoantibody associated with MZ B cells.
God nearby and God far away − Stephen Charnock on divine attributes
Authors: Hoek Jan
Published: December 2014

This article evaluated the way the Puritan theologian and pastor Stephen Charnock describes the attributes of God in his book titled Discourses upon the existence and attributes of God. On the one hand, the book displays a clear testimony to God’s highness, ‘God far away’, which helps us overcome earthly conceptions of God’s majesty. On the other hand, the book pays particular attention to the significance of experiential knowledge of God’s attributes such as his omnipotence, holiness and goodness regarding the life of faith. This way, Charnock endeavours to preach ‘God nearby’. The main question of research in this article is whether or not Charnock succeeded in establishing a connection between the attributes qualifying God as ‘God far away’ and those that depict him as ‘God nearby’. Did he bridge the gap between these two approaches?God nabij en God ver weg − Stephen Charnock (1628–1680) over de eigenschappern van God. Dit artikel evalueert de wijze waarop de Puriteinse theoloog en pastor Stephen Charnock in zijn boek Discourses upon the Existence and Attributes of God de eigenschappen van God bespreekt. Enerzijds is het boek een helder getuigenis van de grootheid van God, ‘de God van verre’, waardoor we geholpen worden om aardse voorstellingen van Gods majesteit te overwinnen. Tegelijkertijd geeft dit boek bijzondere aandacht aan de betekenis van de bevindelijke kennis van Gods eigenschappen, zoals zijn almacht, heiligheid, goedheid enzovoorts, in het leven van het geloof. Op deze wijze zet Charnock zich in om ‘de God van nabij’ te verkondigen. De belangrijkste vraag die dit artikel wil beantwoorden is in hoeverre Charnock erin slaagt een brug te slaan tussen deze beide benaderingen.
‘I gave them laws that were not good’ (Ezk 20:25): A biblical model of complex subjectivity and the prospects of multi-ethnic contextual reading
Authors: Callender Dexter E.
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this article is to address the problem of multi-cultural multi-ethnic contextual Bible reading by giving attention to identity and subjectivity and how it is modeled both in our analyses of contemporary life and in our reconstructions of antiquity and ancient contexts. The aim here is to suggest a position that engages the question of shared values; that creates a space for dialogue between contrasting discourses; and that gives attention to the question of authenticity. I suggest that resources for such a project may be found partly in a re-engaging of biblical prophecy in light of contemporary reflection on subjectivity that embraces recent developments in the debate over modern and postmodern approaches to language and experience tied to the rise of cognitive science. Through an examination of the subject in Žižek, particularly as he engages cognitive science, and in the prophetic rhetoric of Ezekiel, this article argues for grounding multi-group reading strategies or projects on a conception of complex subjectivity that seeks to bridge contemporary discourse with the language of the biblical text.‘Ek het vir hulle voorskrifte gegee wat nie goed was nie’ (Eseg 20:25): ’n bybelse model van komplekse subjektiwiteit en die moontlikhede van multi-etniese kontekstuele interpretasie. Die oogmerk van hierdie artikel is om die probleem van ’n multi-kulturele,multi-etniese kontekstuele lees van die Bybel te ondersoek. Met dit ten doel, gee die ondersoekaandag aan identiteit en subjektiwiteit en hoe dit gedemonstreer word in die analise van die hedendaagse sowel as in die rekonstruksie van antikwiteite en antieke kontekste. Dieuiteindelike doelwit is om ’n posisie voor te stel wat omgaan met die vraag van gedeelde waardes; wat ruimte skep vir ’n dialoog tussen teenstrydige diskoerse; en wat aandag gee aan die vraag van geloofwaardigheid. Die voorstel word gemaak dat ’n nuwe betrokkenheid by bybelse profesie in die lig van hedendaagse denke oor subjektiwiteit die hulpmiddele bied vir so ‘n poging. Hierdie nuwe denke verbind onlangse ontwikkelinge in die debat oormoderne en postmoderne benaderings tot taal en ervaring met die opkoms van die kognitiewewetenskappe. Die artikel ondersoek die onderwerp soos deur Žižek voorgestel word, veral met betrekking tot hoe hy kognitiewe wetenskap bytrek, en soos dit in die profetiese retoriek van Esegiël beslag vind. Daaruit betoog die artikel vir ’n begronding van multi-groep leesstrategieëof -projekte in die gedagte van komplekse subjektiwiteit wat ten doel het om die hedendaagse diskoers met die taal van die bybelse teks te oorbrug.
Prolonged bradycardia, asystole and outcome of high spinal cord injury patients: Risk factors and management
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Rhaman M , Raza Ali , Shabana Adel , Malstrom Mahommad , Al-Sulaiti Ghanem
Published: December 2014

Background: High spinal cord injury (HSCI) is one of the devastating traumatic injuries. 80% of these patients are young male, and 93% will have major neurological disabilities. There is a paucity of literature about prolonged bradycardia in HSCI patients. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence, risk factors, precipitating factors for prolonged bradycardia in the HSCI patients.
Materials and
Methods: All patients who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital, with spinal cord injury above level of dorsal (D4) were enrolled in this study prospectively. Patient's demographic data, mechanism, level and type of spinal injury, associated injuries, injury severity score (ISS), spinal shock, vasopressors used, time of occurrence of bradycardia, treatment for bradycardia, precipitating as well as risk factors and outcome were recorded. Results: During the study period, a total of 138 patients were admitted to the ICU with HSCI. Majority of patients were male. The most frequently associated injury in these patients was skeletal fractures (38.4%). Most common complication was pneumonia 56 (41%). Forty-five (33%) of the total patients had prolonged bradycardia; 87% of these patients had pneumonia when bradycardia occurred. 53.4% had cardiac asystole. 29 (21%) patients had bradycardia at the time of endotracheal suctioning, whereas 27 (20%) patients developed bradycardia at the time of positioning. Majority of the patients were managed conservatively. Those HSCI patients who developed prolonged bradycardia, their ISS score was statistically higher, ICU and hospital stay was significantly higher compared with those HSCI patient who did not have prolonged bradycardia. Multivariate analysis revealed that hypotension on admission; pneumonia, and tracheostomy were risk factors for the development of prolonged bradycardia in HSCI patients. Conclusion: Prolonged bradycardia was associated with significantly higher incidence of asystole. Endotracheal suctioning and positioning of HSCI patients were significant provocative factors for prolonged bradycardia; hypotension on admission, pneumonia and tracheostomy were the risk factors for the development of prolonged bradycardia in these patients.
An evaluation of neuroendocrine dysfunction following acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A prospective study
Authors: Jaiswal Awadhesh , Yadav Subhash , Sahu Rabi , Mehrotra Anant , Behari Sanjay , Mahapatra Ashok
Published: December 2014

Objective: The aim was to investigate the incidence and pattern of neuroendocrine changes in cases of acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Materials and Methods: Endocrine assessment was performed in 100 consecutive cases of acute aneurysmal SAH presenting within 7 days of ictus. The gonadotropic, somatotrophic, thyrotropic, and corticotrophic axes were evaluated for their possible dysfunction. Results: A total of 100 cases (38 males, 62 females; age range - 17-76 years; mean age - 43.6 years) of acute SAH were studied. The aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation (n = 95) and posterior circulation (n = 5). The most common hormone deficiency was of growth hormone (n = 67), followed by gonadotrophin (n = 50), corticotrophin (n = 49) and thyrotrophin (n = 35). Hyperprolactinemia was noted in 10 cases. One-pituitary hormone axis deficiency was noted in 26 cases while 67 cases had two or more pituitary hormone axes dysfunction. A total of 93 cases had hormonal dysfunction in one or more pituitary hormone axes, and seven cases had no hormonal dysfunction. Conclusions: Endocrine dysfunction occurs in 93% cases of acute SAH and multiple pituitary hormone axes dysfunction occurs in 67% cases. It is suggested that hormonal evaluation should be considered as part of management of acute SAH.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and constrictive pericarditis – a case report
Authors: Horne AE , Henriksen PA , Amft EN
Published: December 2014

Polyangiitis with granulomatosis, previously known as Wegener’s granulomatosis, is a systemic necrotising granulomatous vasculitis. It predominantly affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys, but can potentially affect any organ system. It is diagnosed by clinical features, immunology (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) and histology. Cardiac involvement occurs in 6 to 44% of cases. We present a case of polyangiitis with granulomatosis and constrictive pericarditis, which occurred despite vigorous immunosuppression and which required surgical pericardectomy.
Literaire levenslessen
Authors: van Boven Erica
Published: December 2014

Literary life lessons. The first ‘Scharten novel’ as a model of new middlebrow literature

Presenting the case of one of the first bestselling novels by C. and M. Scharten-Antink, this article analyzes how at the beginning of the twentieth century the middlebrow novel was introduced in the Netherlands, which gave rise to a rapidly growing tradition of literary midcult. This new kind of novel, it is argued, is not merely a new genre, yet is a product of new cultural practices in which authors and publishers cooperated. In order to produce the middlebrow novel for a vast and new reading public, they combined existing, longstanding models with new ones. The concept of ‘model’ is used here to analyze the new middlebrow practice from three interrelated perspectives. First, I conceive of ‘model’ as the repertoire, the sets of rules available at a given time, on which authors and publishers could base their choices and actions. Second, I argue that, in literary criticism, the new middlebrow novel soon rose to the status of a model itself. Third, I demonstrate that the major goal of the middlebrow novel was, by way of ‘fictional modelization’, to provide the reader with life-lessons, models to live with.
Modellen in de Nederlandse literatuur. De jaren 1900-1920
Authors: Dorleijn Gillis , de Geest Dirk , Verstraeten Pieter
Published: December 2014

Models in Dutch Literature 1900-1920. An Introduction

In Dutch literary history, the timespan between 1900 and 1920 has often been conceived of as a period of relative calm and stability in contrast to the preceding fin-de-siècle years and the years following World War I. Recent publications, however, broadening their scope from the canonical literary texts and the major authors to a more comprehensive view on literary culture, have revealed that the first decades of the 20th century saw important changes in the structure of the literary field, alongside (and in close connection to) the emergence of new cultural practices. This special issue of Nederlandse Letterkunde wants to chart some of these changes, ranging from the rise of new genres and new ideas about literature and authorship, to a reorganization of the institutional infrastructure of literature. In the introduction we argue that, to analyze such phenomena, it is fruitful to focus on the development, reinterpretation and circulation of literary and cultural models, since all cultural behavior is model-based, as are cultural artifacts, which might in turn function as models themselves for new practices or products. To illustrate the possibilities of the concept ‘model’ we present a brief case study on the literary interview, a media genre emerging internationally at that time, followed by some general reflections on the ‘model’ approach in literary and cultural studies.
Modellen en de self-fashioning van de auteur
Authors: Kemperink Mary
Published: December 2014

Models and the Author’s Self-fashioning. Some Reflections and the Case of Mina Kruseman

This article explores the ways in which the concept of the ‘model’ can be used for research into the self-fashioning of literary authors. After reviewing the role of the concept in theoretical contributions dealing with the process of self-fashioning (Goffmann, Meizoz, Heinich), it raises some crucial methodological issues, such as (1) how can one discover the specific model an author has based his/her self-image upon? or (2) how can one account for the fact that an author belongs to different social fields, apart from the field of literature, and that these different fields can generate different types of models? Finally, the possibilities of the concept of the model are demonstrated by use of the case of Mina Kruseman.
De reiziger, de schilder en de schrijver
Authors: Missinne Lut
Published: December 2014

The Traveler, the Painter and the Writer. Travel Books by Jacobus van Looy

Travelling never occurs unmediated. Travelers are guided by pre-existing representations of the Other (discovering or covering foreign realities), by patterns of cultural self-perception and of individual self-observation. The same holds for travel writing, that even shows a double mediation: (1) the mediation of the travelling itself by the selection of what and how the journey is described, and (2) the textual/linguistic mediation of the travelling experience.

This article explores the travel books the author and painter Jac. van Looy wrote about his journeys to the south (Italy, Spain, Morocco), covering the period between 1885 (the year he obtained the Prix de Rome) and 1913. On the one hand Van Looys travelling and his painting and writing were definitely pre-modelled, on the other hand, it is argued, the interaction between his travelling and his artistic activities during his search for a new poetology lead to a departure from these established models.
Beweren of bewijzen
Authors: Sanders Mathijs
Published: December 2014

Claiming or Proving. Models in Dutch Literary Criticism around 1917

The first two decades of the twentieth century saw a rapid expansion of literary criticism in the Dutch literary field. Models played an important role in contemporary debates about the nature and function of criticism. In search for new modes of critical writing after the Movement of 1880, critics (consciously or not) made use of discursive conventions, textual genres and exemplary predecessors in order to determine their own critical practice. This article develops a model for studying the specific features and functions of models in literary criticism by analyzing a questionnaire in the Dutch weekly magazine De Groene Amsterdammer in 1917.
Chlorine isotope composition in chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 in firn, stratospheric and tropospheric air
Authors: Allin S. J. , Laube J. C. , Witrant E. , Kaiser J. , McKenna E. , Dennis P. , Mulvaney R. , Capron E. , Martinerie P. , Röckmann T. , Blunier T. , Schwander J. , Fraser P. J. , Langenfelds R. L. , Sturges W. T.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The stratospheric degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) releases chlorine, which is a major contributor to the destruction of stratospheric ozone (O3). A recent study reported strong chlorine isotope fractionation during the breakdown of the most abundant CFC (CFC-12, CCl2F2), similar to effects seen in nitrous oxide (N2O). Using air archives to obtain a long-term record of chlorine isotope ratios in CFCs could help to identify and quantify their sources and sinks. We analyse the three most abundant CFCs and show that CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-113 (CClF2CCl2F) exhibit significant stratospheric chlorine isotope fractionation, in common with CFC-12. The apparent isotope fractionation (ϵapp) for mid- and high-latitude stratospheric samples are (−2.4 ± 0.5) and (−2.3 ± 0.4)‰ for CFC-11, (−12.2 ± 1.6) and (−6.8 ± 0.8)‰ for CFC-12 and (−3.5 ± 1.5) and (−3.3 ± 1.2)‰ for CFC-113, respectively. Assuming a constant source isotope composition, we estimate the expected trends in the tropospheric isotope signature of these gases due to their stratospheric 37Cl enrichment and stratosphere–troposphere exchange. We compare these model results to the long-term δ(37Cl) trends of all three CFCs, measured on background tropospheric samples from the Cape Grim air archive (Tasmania, 1978–2010) and tropospheric firn air samples from Greenland (NEEM site) and Antarctica (Fletcher Promontory site). Model trends agree with tropospheric measurements within analytical uncertainties. From 1970 to the present-day, we find no evidence for variations in chlorine isotope ratios associated with changes in CFC manufacturing processes. Our study increases the suite of trace gases amenable to direct isotope ratio measurements in small air volumes, using a single-detector gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system.
Stored-heat assessments: a review in the light of field experience
Authors: Grant M. A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Stored-heat or volumetric assessments of geothermal resources are appealingly simple: the resource being exploited is heat. A stored-heat calculation simply computes the amount of heat in the resource, similarly to computing the amount of ore in an ore body. The method has theoretical support in numerical simulations of resource production. While there are significant unknowns in any resource, some of these can be covered by probabilistic approaches, notably a Monte Carlo method. The Australian Geothermal Reporting Code represents one specification of such stored-heat assessments.

 However the experience of recent decades, with the development of significant numbers of geothermal resources, has shown that the method is highly unreliable and usually biased high. The tendency to overestimates, in particular, has led to the reduced credibility of the method. An example is quoted where simple application of the apparently simple rules gives a ridiculous result. Much of the problem lies in the "recovery factor", the proportion of the resource that can actually be exploited, where comparison with actual performance shows past values have been in all cases too high, as is the current version of the Australian code.

 There are further problems, usually overlooked, in the way that the reservoir volume and "cutoff temperature" are defined. Differing approaches mean that results between different reports are not comparable. The different approaches also imply unrecognised assumptions about the physical processes controlling reservoir depletion. The failure of Monte Carlo methods is similarly due to unrecognised violation of logical consistency in the use of probabilities.

 The net effect of these problems is that the method is not a simple means to generate a rough resource estimate, and it often generates faulty results. Usually, such results are overestimates. Monte Carlo methods do not provide a protection against these errors.

 The Australian Geothermal Reporting Code should be used for hydrothermal systems with an average recovery factor of 10%. With this average, results are subject to an error of ±70%. For enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), the recovery factor should be a few percent.
Microfinance Activities and Factors Affecting the Growth of Microfinance in Developed & Developing Countries
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Sajid
Published: December 2014

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have served millions of poor people around the world by offering them small loans with easy repayment terms. This review paper highlights the microfinance activities performed by the MFIs and also indicates the critical factors that hinder the growth of microfinance in developing and developed nations. It is found that the foremost factors obstructing the adoption of microfinance are: lack of financial stability, uncontrolled growth, cultural and value impede, systematic frauds, bureaucratic obstacles, state intervention, methodological defects, and shortage of credit rating agencies.
Fitting the Heston Stochastic Volatility Model to Chinese Stocks
Authors: Goncu Ahmet , Yang Hao
Published: December 2014

In this article we investigate the goodness-of-fit of the Heston stochastic volatility model for the Shanghai composite index and five Chinese stocks from different industries with the highest trading volume. We have jointly estimated the parameters of the Heston stochastic volatility for the daily, weekly and monthly timescales model by employing a kernel density of the empirical returns to minimize the mean-squared deviations between the theoretical and empirical return distributions. We find that the Heston model is able to characterize the empirical distribution of Chinese stock returns at the daily, weekly and monthly timescales.
Price Stability in Open-Economy under Inflation Targeting Regime with Factors Influencing Inflation Volatility
Authors: Aguir Abdelkader
Published: December 2014

This paper analyzes the relevance of the inflation targeting (IT) policy in achieving its primary goal of medium term price stability in a economic emerging country experience with ‘inflation targeting’. It finds that this monetary policy regime has been associated with a general reduction in inflation, principally through a reduction in inflation expectations. The question addressed in this section is to identify factors that may influence volatility of inflation and why some countries are more successful than others adopting the policy of inflation targeting.
Depósitos tecnogênicos: uma nova perspectiva de leitura geográfica
Authors: Pedro Miyazaki Leda Correia
Published: December 2014

O presente texto tem como objetivo apresentar uma discussão sobre a formação dos depósitos tecnogênicos, a partir da compreensão do processo de apropriação e ocupação do relevo, levando em consideração a categoria tempo histórico e os possíveis métodos de interpretação utilizados para realizar uma leitura geográfico-geomorfológica da paisagem tecnogênica. Para isso foi escolhido como área de estudo o Jardim Humberto Salvador, bairro localizado na cidade de Presidente Prudente-SP. Para realizar uma leitura geográfico-geomorfológica, utilizou-se como método de interpretação o materialismo histórico e dialético, para que fosse possível identificar a gênese dos diversos depósitos tecnogênicos, oriundos do processo de apropriação e de ocupação do relevo. Desta forma, foi possível compreender como os agentes de produção do espaço urbano contribuem para a formação dos depósitos tecnogênicos, além de enfocar algumas fases importantes que fazem parte da gênese dos depósitos, como, por exemplo, a implantação de um loteamento, a edificação do bairro (construção das residências) e o momento em que os moradores passam a residir no bairro. Todas essas fases deixam registros na paisagem, podendo ser desvendadas a partir da caracterização dos artefatos tecnogênicos encontrados nas camadas e da compreensão do histórico do bairro.
Tecnógeno em ambientes fluviais: noroeste do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: França Junior Pedro , Souza Marta Luzia
Published: December 2014

De modo a contribuir para as pesquisas do Tecnógeno no Brasil, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os fatores intervenientes e classificar os depósitos tecnogênicos em ambientes fluviais em municípios pertencentes à região Noroeste do estado do Paraná. O artigo foi desenvolvido metodologicamente a partir da análise de dados secundários, onde apresentou os efeitos do Tecnógeno, destacando as mudanças no uso da terra, tanto na área rural quanto urbana, a ocorrência de feições erosivas de diferentes portes e o assoreamento dos cursos d’água. Sendo assim, os depósitos tecnogênicos são de diversas gêneses e retratam a materialidade do processo de edificação da sociedade sobre a natureza.