bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACETAZOLAMIDE INDUCED SECONDARY ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA: A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Atisundara Siti Mutia , Rifada R Maula , Umbara Sonie , Gustianty Elsa , Prahasta Andhika
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Drugs such as topiramate, acetazolamide, methazolamide, buproprion, and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole potentially cause an elevation of IOP. Drug-induced glaucoma may be an ophthalmic emergency if not treated promptly and can results in permanent visual loss.

Case Illustration : A 36-years-old female came to Glaucoma Unit at Cicendo National Eye Hospital with progressive blurred vision since 1 year ago, worsening in the past six months. Accompanying symptoms included pain, headache, halo, and conjunctival hyperemia. She had been diagnosed with glaucoma and received timolol maleate, acetazolamide, and glycerin. Seven days later, her visual acuity worsened to 3/60 ph 0.15 RE and 2/60 ph 0.15 LE, with high IOP in both eyes, with the higher IOP being >30 mmHg. The cup-to-disc ratio was 0.3 RE and 0,8 LE. The anterior segment showed shallow anterior chamber, mid-dilated pupil, and conjunctival injection (Figure 1.). Gonioscopy examination showed Schwalbe line of both eyes (Figure 2.). Acetazolamide was stopped, and one week later the condition resolved (Figure 3.).

Discussion : Secondary angle closure glaucoma caused by acetazolamide is important to consider because most people tolerate acetazolamide well. The mechanism of closed-angle glaucoma can be pupillary block and non-pupillary block. Non-pupillary block is caused by thickening, forward movement the iris-lens diaphragm, rotation of the ciliary body, and choroidal effusion. This process is an idiosyncratic reaction to certain systemic drugs.

Conclusion : Few cases were reported about secondary bilateral angle closure glaucoma due to acetazolamide. Treatment of angle closure glaucoma involves stopping acetazolamide
Effectiveness and Timing of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Probing: a Systematic Review
Authors: Kharisma Zatalini Giyani  , Dewi Alya Winarto  , Julie Dewi Barliana
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Most congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) cases could resolve spontaneously or only require minimal conservative treatment. In unresolved cases, lacrimal probing is considered a primary treatment; however, no consensus on the best timing to perform probing is available. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of immediate probing with deferred probing and to assess the best time to perform primary probing.

Methods : A search for relevant literature was performed on four electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Scopus with predetermined keywords. The inclusion criteria consist of systematic reviews, RCTs, and prospective/retrospective studies published between 2013-2023 regarding lacrimal probing as an intervention for congenital NLDO.

Results : We included seven studies. Three studies compared immediate and deferred probing, while four focused on the success rate of probing for NLDO at various age groups. Studies suggest immediate and deferred probing had a comparable effectivity in treating NLDO; however, one systematic review suggests immediate probing was superior to deferred probing. Studies also demonstrate that the success rate of probing declines with age. Lacrimal probing performed on NLDO patients under 12 months old had a success rate of more than 80%.

Conclusion : Despite findings of comparable effectiveness between immediate and deferred probing, probing performed at a younger age yielded a higher success rate. This suggests that doctors should consider the patient's age at diagnosis to decide between immediate and deferred probing. Further evidence is needed to determine cut-offs for the best time to perform primary probing.
Outcome Evaluation of Eyelid Laceration Surgery in Kariadi General Hospital Semarang
Authors: NIZAR ARIF LAZUARDI  , TRILAKSANA NUGROHO
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Eyelid laceration are common in cases of trauma involving the eye. This study will discuss cases of eyelid lacerations, procedures, and the follow-up of patients who underwent surgery at Kariadi General Hospital Semarang.

Methods : This study used an observational analytic design and was conducted retrospectively. All patients who underwent eyelid surgery April 2019 to January 2023. Age, gender, laceration location, mechanism of trauma, canalicular involvement, and surgery were recorded, subjective complaints and patient complications after surgery.

Results : Of the 76 patients (94 eyelid lacerations) included in the study, men exhibited a greater vulnerability (56,75%) and mostly aged around 16-<50 years (43, 57%). In terms of the laceration location, it occurred in right lower (39,36%), right upper (35,10%), left lower (13,82%), and left upper (11,70%) eyelids. Blunt trauma (83,78%) was the main mechanism, with motor vehicle accidents leading (40,54%). Canalicular involvement was present in 35 cases (47,29%). All patients underwent surgery, with eyelid repair to all of the patient following by recanalization (39,18%). The most common complaint of patients after surgery in the first week of control was pain (47,29%) followed by a feeling of lump (13,51%). A total of 25 patients (33,78%) stated that they had no complaints.

Conclusion : Eyelid lacerations mainly involve young adult people, right lower eyelid. Blunt trauma, particularly motor vehicle accidents, is the main cause. Most of the patients had no complaints in the1 week postoperative control, and they increased in subsequent controls.
INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP) IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES IN MALANG; WHICH TYPE OF DISABILITY IS MOST AT RISK?
Authors: YURIKE MANDRASARI  , Lely Retno Wulandari  , Nanda Wahyu Anandita  , Anny Sulistiyowati
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Visual disabilities are the highest percentage of disabilities affecting children under five years old at about 0.17%. Childhood glaucoma affects over 300,000 children worldwide. 6.8% of Cerebral palsy children have high IOP. Developmental disabilities children require services to manage eye development. There is not much data on their eye examinations, especially IOP. This study aimed to know IOP values in children with developmental disabilities based on the type of disabilities in Malang.

Methods : We measured IOP on 233 children with developmental disabilities, 6-19 years old, in 8 special education elementary schools, divided into 6 groups based on the types, namely autism, cerebral palsy, physical impairment, intellectual impairment, deafness and speech impairment, and others (with informed consent). IOP measurement using Icare Tonometer TA03, then categorized into 2 groups, normal and high IOP. Observation period 2019-2020.

Results : Tonometer measurement can be done in 320 eyes of 163 children, with mean age of 11.14 years old. The mean value of IOP was 18.62 mmHg, the lowest was 9.5 mmHg, and the highest was 31.1 mmHg (SD± 3.39). Eyes with normal lOP are 245 eyes (76.6.%) mostly from intellectual impairment and high IOP are 75 eyes (23.4.%) mostly from deafness and speech impairment.

Conclusion : There is a significant difference between IOP and type of developmental disability in children. Children with deafness and speech impairment have higher IOP than others, since they have high risk of ocular problems. IOP are influenced by outflow facility, aqueous humor production rate, episcleral venous pressure and uveoscleral flow rate.
SIE BOEN LIAN (SBL) SURGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR CICATRICIAL ENTROPION AFTER STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME
Authors: GEORGE RADEN MAS SAID  , Niluh Putu Ayu Dewi Wardhani  , Raden Rangga Kartiwa  , Shanti Fitriani Boesoirie  , Mohamed Rinaldi Dahlan
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) can cause keratinization of the tarsal conjunctiva, conjunctival scarring and inverted eyelid margin, resulting to cicatricial entropion, causing skin and lashes to brush against the eye. This condition can occur in 27-59% of cases in ocular SJS. The surgical treatment for cicatricial entropion is to repair the position of eyelid margin. One of the procedures that can be used is Sie Boen Lian (SBL) technique.

Case Illustration : A 70-year-old woman complained of inversion of the left upper eyelid, which caused foreign body sensation, redness, and lacrimation since 4 months ago. The patient had a history of SJS caused by the use of quinolone antibiotic. Anterior segment examination revealed entropion in the left upper eyelid with palpebral margin keratinizing. The patient was diagnosed with cicatricial entropion post- SJS. SBL surgical technique was chose to manage this condition. Post-operative ophthalmological examination showed a relieved symptoms and an improvement in the position of the eyelid margin.

Discussion : The primary goal of therapy in cicatricial entropion is to reduce the occurrence of chronic ocular irritation by reverting the structure of the eyelids to a physiological position. The anterior lamellar shortening was performed with a modified tarsotomy, known as the SBL surgical technique. The post-operative evaluation was implemented to assess the reposition of the eyelid margin.

Conclusion : The SBL surgical procedure is effective to manage cicatricial entropion post-Steven-Johnson Syndrome.
ESTIMATION OF ND:YAG LASER ENERGY FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF POSTERIOR CAPSULE OPACITY
Authors: INTAN EKARULITA  , Andrew M. H. Knoch  , Feti Karfiati  , Ludwig Melino Tjokrovonco  , Emmy Dwi Sugiarti  , Budiman
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Types of Posterior capsule opacity (PCO) are membranous, fibrotic, or fibro-membranous. Surgical capsulotomy has been replaced by Neodymium-doped Ytrium Aluminim Garnet (Nd:YAG) as a PCO management nowdays. The initial energy use of the laser is influenced by variations in PCO density. Utilizing initial energy effectively can help to use less total laser energy. This study is to estimate energy Nd:YAG laser levels to treat various types of PCO.

Methods : This is a observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design. This study retrieved initial and total capsulotomy Nd:YAG laser as a main variable on various types of PCO. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after laser, size of hole capsulotomy, and complications of each type of PCO were evaluated.

Results : A total 59 eyes of 49 patients with pseudophakia who underwent capsulotomy laser were included. The mean values of initial energy levels were 1,45±0,31 mJ for membranous PCO, 1,51±0,29 mJ for fibrous PCO, and 1,68±0,23 mJ for fibro-membran PCO. The mean summated energy levels for membranous PCO was 51,86±28,19 mJ, 78,86±44,81 mJ for fibrous PCO, 86,88±60,51 mJ for fibro- membran PCO. Complications were iritis, oculi hypertension, hyaloid rupture and IOL pitting were occurred in this study.

Conclusion : Fibro-membran PCO required more initial and total laser energy compared to membranous and fibrous PCO
Outcomes of Eyelid Malignant Tumor Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital
Authors: DESTI PRIANI  , Dr. dr. Halimah Pagarra, Sp.M(K)  , Dr. Ahmad Ashraf Amalius, MPH, Sp.M(K), M.Kes  , Dr. Andi Pratiwi, Sp.M, M.Kes
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : The prevalence of malignant eyelid tumors varies, 80–95% are basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 5% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and 1–3% are sebaceous gland carcinomas (SGC), and most of them are removed by complete resection. However, recurrence, metastasis, and tumor expansion are still common in these cases. This study aims to assess the characteristics and outcomes of eyelid malignant tumor patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital.

Methods : This study used a retrospective cohort and was conducted using secondary data from medical records for five years at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Data on general characteristics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were collected, then analyzed and presented in tabular form.

Results : From 44 samples, females made up 75.0% and the largest age group was 45–64 years (65.9%). The tumor was most commonly located in the right eye (61.4%) and the superior eyelid (50.0%), with an onset of 36.36±37.75 months. BCC was the most frequent tumor (61.3%), especially nodular (81.5%). During the follow-up, recurrence (25%) was most prevalent in BCC (63.6%; p: 0.976), with an average recurrence of 31.36±32.47 months (p: 0.894). Metastases (2.3%) occurred in 1 SCC patient after 12 months, and tumor expansion (2.3%) occurred in 1 SGC patient.

Conclusion : There was no difference in the incidence of tumor recurrence, metastasis, and expansion based on tumor type and location. However, there was a significant difference in the type of management taken against the tumor expansion. Follow-up must be done for at least three years after therapy.
QUALITY OF LIFE PERSPECTIVE CORRELATION IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING AMBLYOPIA OCCLUSION THERAPY AND THEIR PARENTS AS PROXY
Authors: ANDIVAN RAHMAN  , MAYASARI WAHYU KUNTORINI  , NINA RATNANINGSIH  , FETI KARFIATI MEMED  , IRAWATI IRFANI  , PRIMAWITA OKTARIMA AMIRUDDIN  , SESY CAESARYA
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : One of the main therapies used to treat amblyopia in the dominant eye is occlusion therapy. When used on the dominant eye during activities, eye patches can lead to quality of life issues include visual, cosmetic, and psychosocial disorders. To improve visual acuity in the suppressed eye and stop a progressive loss of visual acuity, therapy must be followed. An important factor affecting a child's compliance with occlusion therapy is parental support. Parental negativity affects children's level of support, and as a result, a decreased compliance. This research aimed to determine the relationship between quality of life and the perspectives of parents and children receiving occlusion therapy.

Methods : This is a correlation study with a cross-sectional design. Fifty-one subjects were addressed in the amblyopia children's group and fifty-one subjects in the parents’ group. Every participant was directly interviewed. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the results of interviews with children and their parents.

Results : There is a decrease in the quality of life in children undergoing therapy, both from the perspective of the child and their parents. The decline in the quality of life that occurs in children is not as low as parents think. The results of the questionnaires for the children and their parents in total demonstrated a significant correlation (p = 0.0001) and a moderately positive correlation (R = 0.598).

Conclusion : There is a positive correlation between children and parents in assessing the quality of life due to occlusion therapy.
DIFFERENT CONJUNCTIVAL AUTOGRAFT TECHNIQUES FOR PTERYGIUM SURGICAL EXCISION, A CASE SERIES
Authors: ANNISAK FITRIYANA  , Angga Fajriansyah  , Arief Akhdestira Mustaram  , Patriotika Muslima  , Elfa Ali Idrus
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction : Pterygium is a wing shaped fibrovascular growth that extends from the conjunctiva onto the cornea. There are many techniques available for pterygium removal, from simple excision to excision and repair of the defect with modified techniques.

Case Illustration : 1. A 50-year-old woman presented with a grade II pterygium in both of her eyes. She was undergone sliding flap pterygium excision for her right eye. Case 2. A 32-year-old man presented with a grade II pterygium in his left eye. He was then undergone rotational flap pterygium excision for his left eye. Case 3 A-55-year-old woman presented with a grade II-III double head pterygium. She was later undergone modified conjunctival autograft double head pterygium excision for his left eye.

Discussion : Surgical management is the gold standard for pterygium treatment. Indications for pterygium excision include decreased visual acuity due to astigmatism, obstruction of visual axis, repeated irritation and cosmetics. Surgical techniques for excision of the pterygium include bare sclera excision, tissue grafting using conjunctival graft, membrane transplantation amnion and limbal- conjunctival autograft. There are several choices of conjunctival graft techniques after pterygium excision, such as conjunctival sliding flap, conjunctival rotational flap, and modified conjunctival autograft. Modified conjunctival autograft technique was performed for double head pterygium management. The technique consisting of horizontally modified conjunctival autograft and vertically modified conjunctival autograft.

Conclusion : The choices of surgical excision techniques for pterygium depends on the grades of the pterygium and operator’s preference.
Management of Carotid Cavernous Fistula: a Case Report of Carotid Cavernous Fistula (CCF)
Authors: ALAZI  , Devi Azri Wahyuni
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction : Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal connection between the carotid arterial system and the sinus cavernous. Abnormal vascular shunt allowed blood to flow either direct or indirect from the carotid artery into the sinus cavernous. The indications for treatment of CCF are increased ocular pressure, double vision, bruits, severe headache, and severe proptosis resulting in keratopathy due to exposed cornea. Management of CCF include conservative management, endovascular intervention, surgery, and radiology intervention.

Case Illustration : A 61 years old female came to the hospital complained redness on both eyes since 6 months ago, the redness in these eyes unrelieved even they had been treated. The patient have history given three types of drugs but there was not improvement. physical examination shown proptosis, injection of episcleral, cloudy lens with LOCSS NC2NO2C1P1 on both eyes, other examination also shown bruit on both eyes, Laboratory results was in normal limit. Funduscopic examination shown tigroid appearance.

Discussion : Arterialization of the conjunctival vessels is a characteristic feature of CCF, other than physical examination, patient was planned for CT angiography examination to find external causes of injury assessing ICH and ischemia. Patient got external manual compression of the ipsilateral cervical carotid artery for about 30 to 40 seconds four times per hour several times daily for 4-6 weeks.

Conclusion : Although CCF initially can be mistaken for conjunctivitis or episcleritis. Methods of therapy for CCF include conservative management, endovascular intervention, surgery, and interventional radiology. CCF itself is generally not life threatening but requires treatment to prevent worsening of the eye
INTRAOCULAR LENS EXCHANGE PROCEDURE AS A MANAGEMENT FOR INTRAOCULAR LENS DISCOLORATION
Authors: Arrizasyifaa Raden Muhammad Tanri , Sugiarti Emmy Dwi , Tjokrovonco Ludwig M. , Knoch Andrew MH. , Budiman
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Intraocular lens (IOL) discoloration is a rare complication of cataract surgery. It may result in severe visual function impairment and potentially lower the patient's quality of life. IOL exchange is an unusual procedure as the incidence rate was 2 per 1000 surgeries over 8 years. It is the surgical procedure of choice for symptomatic IOL discoloration.

Case Illustration : A 50-year-old man came to the hospital complaining of a right eye blurry vision for the previous two months. His right eye had undergone cataract surgery seven years earlier. After having cataract surgery, the patient's vision was clear, but five years later, it began to feel blurry and glare. The patient has a history of well-controlled type II diabetes and hypertension. An intraocular lens discoloration was discovered after a careful examination of the eye (figure 1). For his right eye, the patient underwent an IOL exchange procedure (figure 2). A square-edge single-piece foldable IOL was obtained from the surgery. Follow-up examinations after surgery revealed an improved visual function and a clear intraocular lens (figure 3).

Discussion : IOL discoloration may occur years after surgery. It is related to the type of IOL, local ocular factors, and the patient's systemic condition. The IOL exchange procedure consists of IOL extraction and secondary IOL implantation. The extraction can be done by cutting, splitting (bisecting), or folding the IOL. Different methods of fixation can be used for secondary IOL implantation.

Conclusion : The IOL exchange procedure can optimally restore visual functions after a severe decline caused by IOL discoloration.
Prevalence and characteristics Of miopia in elementary school children in Badung District , 2018
Authors: WATU THEDIUS , Handayani Ariesanti Tri , Manuaba Putra
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesRefractive disorders are the second most common cause of blindness at all ages after cataracts andare the leading cause of visual impairment in the world. The World The most common refractivedisorder in students especially in Asia is miopia. This study aims to determine the prevalence andcharacteristics of miopia in elementary school children in Badung Regency, Bali.

MethodsThis research is an observational with analytic cross-sectional study approach. Data were collectedprospectively in children in four elementary schools in Badung, Bali. To assess the relationshipbetween sex, age, history of wearing glasses in parents and duration of near work activity withmyopia using chi-square.

ResultsThe subjects were 1,067 students, consisting of 557 (52.2%) women and 510 (47.8%) men, the mostage was 9 years (19.1%), the average duration of near work activity was 83.79 ± 29, 46 hours/week,152 students (14.24%) with refractive disorders and bilateral myopia were the most refractivedisorders (65.8%). Of the 150 students with miopia, 60% were female students, aged at most 11years (28%), 90% of students had uncorrectedmiopia, 68% of parents of students without miopia,mean near work activity was 81,71±23,30 hours / week. No significant relationship was foundbetween sex and age and the prevalence of myopia. Significant relationship was found between theuse of glasses in parents and the length of close-up activity with myopia with PR=7.35 (95% CI:7.10-10.56) and PR=1.177 (95% CI 1.05-1.78).

ConclusionThere are differences in the characteristics of miopia in primary school students between urban andremote areas and between developed and developing countries due to sociodemographicdifferences, level of education, type of activity, income and culture.
Management of Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma in Nanophthalmic Eye : A Challenging Case
Authors: Almira Dwirianti , Umbara Sonie
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Nanophthalmos is a condition characterized by short eyeball length (AXL <20.0mm), short and dense anterior segment, high eye volume or lens ratio, hypermetropia (+8.00 to +20.00) and scleral thickening (>1.7mm)

Case Illustration : A 63-year-old man came to the Glaucoma outpatient clinic at Cicendo Hospital with complaints of blurry eyes since 3 years ago. The visual acuity in the right eye was light perception, and in the left eye was hand movement. The anterior chamber was shallow, with seclusio pupil in both eyes (Figure1). Biometry showed axial length 17.06 mm in the right eye and 16.82 mm in the left eye. The patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery + IOL + iris retractor + pupiloplasty + synechiolysis + sclerectomy for the right eye with satisfactory result (Figure3).

Discussion : This surgical procedure for nanophthalmos has its own challenges for the operator due to the shallow anterior segment and small corneal diameter. In this case, surgery was performed first in the right eye, with consideration of a greater anterior chamber depth than the left eye. The sclerectomy procedure performed on this patient was 4 mm from the limbus and was performed full thickness only in one quadrant (Figure2).

Conclusion : Multiple anatomic abnormalities in nanophthalmic eyes make surgery extremely challenging and are associated with a high incidence of significant intraoperative and postoperative complications. Phocoemulsification with sclerectomy can be alternative option to manage secondary glaucoma in nanophthalmic eye.
Transglutaminase-induced Cornea Collagen Crosslinking Effect on Central Corneal Thickness and Keratocyte Cell Density
Authors: PUSPITA HAPSARI SITORASMI  , Yuniar Sarah Ningtiyas  , Indri Wahyuni  , Yulia Primatasari
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : This research is aimed to evaluate the effect of transglutaminase-induced corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) on central corneal thickness (CCT) and keratocyte cell density in vivo.

Methods : Twenty-eight white New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups: the transglutaminase- induced CXL group, the epithelial-off CXL group, the transepithelial CXL group, and the control group. The ocular surface was treated with a 1 U/mL microbial transglutaminase solution, and both the epithelial-off and transepithelial groups were exposed to clinical ultraviolet A-riboflavin (UVA/RF). The efficacy of each group was evaluated on the 14th day after the procedures. Central corneal thickness was evaluated with Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) and keratocyte cell density wad evaluated with histopathology examination.

Results : Transglutaminase-induced CXL group exhibited the highest mean biomechanical CCT (370.14 ± 38.85) in comparison to the UVA/RF epithelial-off group (368.00 ± 25.48), the UVA/RF transepithelial group (369.86 ± 23.43), and the control group (365.14 ± 28.74). Still, there was no significant differences in both biomechanical CCT (p=0.990). Transglutaminase-induced CXL group had the highest mean of keratocyte cell density (43.26 ± 10.65) compared to UVA/RF epithelial-off (29.99 ± 4.79), UVA/RF transepithelial group (42.03 ± 6.55), and control group (34.36 ± 6.76). There was a significant difference between the group, with a p-value of 0.008.

Conclusion : Transglutaminase shown that it produces favorable results for CCT and keratocyte density after CXL, which are two factors contributing to corneal rigidity. The outcomes are equivalent to riboflavin used as a conventional element in CXL.
Artificial Intelligence for Retinal Detachment Detection: A Systematic Review of Current Applications
Authors: Seruni Hanna Ardhia
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Recent development in artificial intelligence has facilitated efficient and automatic detection of retinal detachment, leading to the potential of early intervention and better patient outcomes. This review aims to evaluate the latest advancements in detecting retinal detachment using artificial intelligence, specifically deep learning (DL) systems.

Methods : A systematic literature search was performed on five databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane. Original research investigations that evaluate deep learning in detecting retinal detachment or features of retinal detachment until February 2023 were included in the study. The outcome of interest were measures of diagnostic accuracy. The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results : A total of six retrospective studies were included in this review. All studies applied deep learning in ultra-widefield fundus images for automated detection of retinal detachment compared to analysis and diagnosis by human graders (ophthalmologist/retinal specialists) as a reference standard. The deep learning model showed high sensitivity (87.5% - 99.0%), specificity (96.5% - 100%), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.988 - 1.00), and accuracy (97.82% - 99.50%).

Conclusion : Artificial intelligence using deep learning systems provided a high diagnostic value in retinal detachment detection. Further integration of artificial intelligence is expected to offer new possibilities in early diagnosis and treatment of retinal detachment.
THE METHODS OF ASSESSING VISUAL ACUITY IN CHILDREN IN COMMUNITY SETTING IN MALANG
Authors: Kusuma Ifada Hariani , Khuluqi Rofa Husnul , Anandita Nanda Wahyu
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesEarly visual acuity assessment in children is crucial for conducting early intervention to improvetheir literation quality. The examination in children often experiences difficulties, thus appropriateapproach and method are needed. The objective of this examination is to measure visual acuity inchildren using four different methods.

MethodsThis observational-descriptive study with cross-sectional design was established based on secondarydata collected through community service setting in two orphanages in Malang. This study includedchildren with an age range from 0.5 year-old to 12 year-old. All children underwent visual acuityexamination using Lea numbers, Lea symbols, Ivory Ball, and Mounted Ball.

ResultsA total of 57 children underwent visual acuity examination. The mean age of subjects was 5.9 (SD3.05) year-old. The caretaker of the orphanage had been informed and consented about theexamination and data analysis. Among those children, 26 (45.6%) were examined with Lea numbers,19 (33.3%) children with Lea symbols, 6 (10.5%) children with Ivory Ball, and 6 (10.5%) childrenwith Mounted Ball. The examination results were 33 (57.9%) children who had normal visual acuity,14 (24.6%) children with mild visual impairment, 7 (12.3%) children with moderate visualimpairment, 1 (1.8%) child with severe visual impairment, and 1 (1.8%) child considered blind.

ConclusionLea numbers, Lea symbols, Ivory Ball, and Mounted Ball could be used effectively to measurechildren visual acuity in community setting.
AGREEMENT OF MELBOURNE RAPID FIELDS PERIMETRY PARAMETERS TO HUMPHREY FIELD ANALYZER IN MODERATE-SEVERE GLAUCOMA PATIENTS: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISUAL ACUITY AND MELBOURNE RAPID FIELDS ACCURACY
Authors: Mayasari Yuri Dwi , Oktariana Virna Dwi , Fitriani Dewi Yunia
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesPerimetric examination is vital for measuring visual field defects and predicting the progression ofglaucoma. The Covid-19 pandemic prompted the use of perimetry at home. Tablet or website-basedperimetry becomes an option due to unavailability of Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). MelbourneRapid Fields (MRF) is affordable, portable and reliable, even provide the same benefits as HFA. Thisstudy aimed to assess the agreement of MRF results to HFA in moderate-severe glaucoma patientswith impaired visual acuity.

MethodsObservational study using a cross-sectional design to assess the relationship between visual acuityand the agreement of MRF vs HFA in moderate-severe glaucoma patients. Subjects were groupedinto two groups based on visual acuity. Each subject was examined with MRF and HFA, the order ofexamination was randomized using block randomization.

ResultsThe test durations were shorter on MRF than HFA (265.7±26.6 vs 384.4±46.7, P<0.001). There wasno significant difference in the reliability index of the two perimetry. MRF showed a high level ofconcordance in its outcomes with HFA (R=0.931, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.957 formean defect (MD) and R=0.941, ICC=0.974 for Visual Field Index (VFI)). MRF also showed levels oftest-retest repeatability comparable to HFA (R=0.948, ICC=0.989 for MD and R=0.946, ICC=0.989for Visual Capacity (VC)). There was no correlation between visual acuity and MRF accuracy,p>0.05.

ConclusionThe perimetry results from MRF have a very stong correlation to the HFA outcomes. MRF also hastest-retest repeatability comparable to HFA. The accuracy of the MRF results does not correlate withvisual acuity.
Differences in Keratometry Before and After Surgery Between Superior and Temporal Chevron Incision in Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: I MADE SURYA DINAJAYA  , Dr. dr. Mas Putrawati Triningrat, SpM(K)  , Dr. dr. Putu Yuliawati, SpM(K)
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Cataracts are the most common cases that cause blindness globally, where the lense was haze and characterized by decreased visual acuity and is reversible if optimal treatment is given. Examination before surgery is very important for outcome, where keratometry is one of the examinations before the surgery. Small incision cataract surgery (SICS) is one of cataract surgery technique, where a chevron incision is used in the superior or temporal regions. This study aims to determine which location is the best for an incision based on the results of keratometry.

Methods : This research is an analytical observational study, bidirectional (prospective-retrospective) with a cohort study approach conducted at the eye polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital and Surya Husadha Hospital, Denpasar. The study sample consisted of 46 eyes which were divided into two groups, 23 superior and 23 temporal incision, then the results were compared between groups.

Results : The results showed that the oldest age was the temporal incision group, which was 66.78±7.11. In the keratometry measurements, it was found that there were differences between the two groups, where the temporal incision resulted in smaller keratometric changes (p=<0.001). After analyzing the covariates, the temporal incision group still had smaller keratometry changes (p=<0.001) with astigmatism as an influential confounding factor. Meanwhile, post-op visual acuity was found in the temporal incision group which was better than the superior incision after analysis with covariates (p=0.002).

Conclusion : This study showed that the temporal incision group gave lower keratometry results and better post- op visual acuity than the superior incision group.
THE DIFFERENCE OF PREDICTED REFRACTION AND FINAL REFRACTION USING BARRETT II UNIVERSAL FORMULA AND SRK/T FORMULA IN HIGH MYOPIA PATIENTS AFTER PHACOEMULSIFICATION AND IOL IMPLANTATION AT DR. KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG
Authors: Irlinda Riva , Astuti Fatimah Dyah Nur
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Objective

Studies have shown that 38% of refractive errors after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation are caused by deviations in calculation of IOL power using formulas. The difference between the formula’s refractive prediction and patient’s final outcome highly increases in cases of high myopia, but there needs to be more research on this topic. This study aims to show the difference between the predicted and final refractive outcomes using Barrett II Universal (BUII) formula and the SRK/T in patients with high myopia who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.

Method

This analytical observational study with cross-sectional design was conducted on patients with high myopia (axial length ? 26.0 mm) who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation between January 2021 and January 2022 at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang. The data used in this study consisted of biometric measurements and the difference between the predicted refractive outcomes using the BU-II and SRK/T formulas and the final refractive outcomes of patients one month after the surgery. The data were analyzed using a one-sample T-test, and significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Thirty-five eyes participated in this study, and the mean axial length was (29.33 2.01). The BU-II formula has a mean difference in the refraction prediction, with the patient's final refraction result being closer to zero (1.191.31) than the SRK/T formula (1.25 1,12). The refractive prediction difference between the two formulas was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The BU-II formula has a lower difference between predicted refractive outcomes and final refractive outcomes of high myopia patients after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation than the SRK/T formula.
THE EFFECT OF ALOE VERA TOPICAL GEL EXTRACTION ON TGF-β1 EXPRESSION IN THERMAL BURN PALPEBRA GRADE II RATS MODEL
Authors: RIANI ERNA
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Grade II palpebral burns are burns that reach the epidermis and part of the dermis of palpebrae and can have impaired wound healing. TGF β1 has the broadest spectrum of action, affecting all cell types involved in all stages of wound healing. Decreased expression of TGF β1 is associated with impaired wound healing. Aloe Vera has long been known in Indonesia as a healing plant. Aloe Vera extract contains a variety of bioactive compounds that play a role in stimulating wound healing. The administration of Aloe Vera extract on thermal burns aims to reduce inflammation, increase collagen content, and increase the rate of re-epithelization. The administration of Aloe Vera gel extract allows faster healing of thermal burns and rebuilds the vascularity of the wound tissue.

Methods : Objective: To determine the expression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF β1) in a rat model of thermal burn injury grade II of the eyelids treated with topical Aloe Vera gel extract with the concentrations of 20%, 40%, Balanced Salt Sodium (BSS) and a control group that was not given burn intervention.

Results : Methodology: an experimental study with the post-test-only approach with a control group design. 24 Rats have induced grade II eyelid thermal burns, divided into four groups: Normal (without treatment), negative control (BSS), given Aloe vera 20%, 40%. Then TGF β1expression was quantified

Conclusion : The highest rise in TGF β1expression was found in the group with 40% Aloe vera gel, followed by 20% Aloe vera gel compared to the negative control (BSS Balanced Salt)
Tear Break Up Time Pattern in Medical Students After COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: SUDIBIA NI KADEK PUSPA MEGA PUTRI , Handayani Ariesanti Tri
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesCOVID-19 pandemic makes most activities are carried out online with using the VDT. Tear Break UpTime (TBUT) examination is a short and fast examination and is able to determine damage to thetear film and subjective examination using the OSDI Questionnaire. This study aimed to assess TBUTpattern in medical students after COVID-19 pandemic regarding VDT used for online learningactivities.

MethodsThis study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The difference inproportion between TBUT results based on gender was analyzed using chi-square test. Statisticalanalysis was carried out using a multivariate test based on the results of data normality. The onewayANOVA test is used for normally distributed data, while Kruskall-Wallis is used if the data is notnormally distributed.

ResultsA total of 75 subjects were included in the study, consisting of 53 females (70,7%) and 22 males(29.3%). Average use of VDT 8 hours per day. The average TBUT in both eyes were < 10 secondsand random breaks was the most common pattern seen in this study (61,3% OD and 62,7% OS).There was no significant difference between TBUT and gender but there was statistically significantdifference between OSDI score and TBUT.

ConclusionLongterm use of VDT may be affect TBUT and subjective symptoms shown by OSDI score. Randombreak was the most common pattern seen in young adults in relation with VDT use.
Differences of Endothelial Corneal Cells Morphology in HIV Patients With and Without Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Tri Rahmawati  , Daniel Johosua Siegers  , Juan Felix Pangestu
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Dry eye is a multifactorial disease that affects tear production. Furthermore, the secretion of tears is significantly reduced in patients with HIV. This study aimed to determine whether these changes would make differences in the morphology of corneal endothelial cells.

Methods : Our research used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach at the Waihaong Health Center in Ambon City and the Ambon Vlissingen Eye Clinic in March 2023. The sample for this study came from 40 HIV-positive patients who had previously been examined by an ophthalmologist and were diagnosed with dry eye syndrome. Chi-Square analyses were conducted to determine differences in corneal endothelial cell morphology (Cell density, coefficient of variation, hexagonal cells).

Results : This study showed that of the 80 eyes of people living with HIV examined, 43,8% had dry eyes. No abnormal hexagonality was found in the corneal endothelial cells in all eyes examined. Decreased endothelial cell density was found in only four eye (5%). Although no significant difference was found for the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells between dry eyes and those without (p=0.764), this study showed that the percentage of coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells that were increased/abnormal was higher in dry eye conditions (34.3%) compared to non-dry eyes (31.1%).

Conclusion : This study showed no significant differences in the morphology of the corneal endothelial cells of HIV patients with dry eyes. Further research is required with a larger sample size.
THE EFFECT OF SERUM 25-HYDROXY VITAMIN D ON VISUAL FIELDS IN MODERATE - HIGH MYOPIA
Authors: Simbolon Ahmad Musa , Sitepu Bobby Ramses Erguna , Lubis Rodiah Rahmawaty
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesMyopia is a visual impairment problem that constantly increases, causing global health problemsand economic burdens. Previous studies have concluded that vitamin D deficiency is associated withdecreased visual acuity and visual function. To determine the relationship between serum 25(OH)Dlevels and visual fields in moderate to high myopia

MethodsThis study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Visual function testsperformed were visual acuity test, Humphrey visual field analyzer, and ELISA test for serum25(OH)D.

ResultsThe study consisted of 50 subjects with moderate to high myopia with 39 subjects was females (60%)and mean age of 26.62±3.70 years. The distribution of moderate myopia and high myopia was 30%and 20% with a mean spherical equivalent of -5.11±1.54 D. Twenty four subjects (48%) had serum25(OH)D deficiency, 1 subject (2%) had insufficiency of serum 25(OH)D with an average level of44.56±41.45 ng/ml. Fischer's Exact analysis on the right eye revealed 7 subjects (29.2%) had serum25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency with visual field defect (p=0.001). On the left eye, 6 subjects(25%) had serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency with visual field defect (p=0.132).

ConclusionThere was statistically significant relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and visual field inmoderate to high myopia in one eye.
CHANGES IN STEREOSCOPIC VISION TOWARDS STRABISMUS CORRECTION SURGERY IN DR MOHAMMAD HOESIN CENTER HOSPITAL, PALEMBANG
Authors: TRI KARTIKA UTOMO  , Dr. Linda Trisna, Sp.M, SubSp POS
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : This study aims to determine the improvement of binocular vision function after restoring the lost fusion with strabismus correction

Methods : A before and after design clinical trial study was carried out at the Eye Polyclinic of the Moh. Hoesin Hospital in Palembang from June 2021 to February 2022 with a sample of 16 people. Stereoscopic vision examination was carried out with the TNO Stereo Test (Toegepast Natuurwetenschappeelijk Onderzoek) examination before and after strabismus correction was carried out. Analysis of research results with SPSS version 22.0.

Results : In this study it was found that stereoscopic vision before surgery could improve significantly after strabismus correction and dichoptic training for 1 month (p<0.05) as much as 68.75%. Meanwhile, confounding factors such as the type of deviation, the magnitude of the deviation, the initial onset of the deviation and the duration of the deviation did not significantly influence the incidence of increased stereoscopic vision improvement in the study subjects (p<0.05).

Conclusion : There is an increase in the value of binocular vision in strabismus patients after strabismus surgery and undergoing dichoptic vision training for 1 month. Dichoptic training can improve the function of binocular vision.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACT ON IL-6 AS BIOLOGICAL MARKER OF POST OPERATIVE WOUND HEALING IN PERIORBITAL REGION
Authors: RATRI PRASETYA NINGRUM N
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Centella asiatica (CA) is considered as major herbal plant that beneficial on wound healing process. Wound healing process will stimulate inflammatory cells to release growth factors and cytokines, e.g., interleukin-6 (IL-6). This aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of CA on IL-6 levels as a biological marker of postoperative wound healing in the periorbital region.

Methods : A double-blind, randomized controlled study on the first day of postoperative periorbital patients was conducted at the Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang from March to June 2022. There were 30 patients who met inclusion criteria. The effectiveness of CA and placebo were analyzed using Wilcoxon test, while comparisons of the effectiveness were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test (SPSS ver. 22.0).

Results : No difference in age, sex, and IL-6 levels before treatment between the CA and placebo groups (p>.05). There was a decrease in IL-6 levels before and after CA administration (p=.005). There was an increase in IL-6 levels before and after giving placebo (p=.031). There was a difference in IL-6 levels between the CA and placebo groups (p=.004) after the intervention.

Conclusion : There is a difference in IL-6 levels after administration of systemic centella asiatica on periorbital postoperative wound healing in the first week.
How to boost your cataract surgical rates during pandemic covid-19
Authors: Kusuma Hendra , Armada Dhani , Kumala Marissa Mutiara
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : Cataracts are the number one cause of blindness in the world and a big burden in Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused the cessation of health services to eradicate blindness (cataract lock down). This article discusses how to develop eye care services in one of the red zones of blindness in South Sulawesi, specifically in Jeneponto district during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods : Observational research

Results : Establishment of a safety protocol that is implemented and promoted to the public continuously, especially through social media, was able to increase trust in health facilities and increase the number of cataract surgeries. It has been proven that since being implemented, the number of cataract surgeries has continued to increase, marked by an increase in cataract surgical rates (CSR) year by year: 2019 (921 CSR); 2020 (1401 CSR); 2021 (2628 CSR). This allows Jeneponto district to gradually get out from the red zone of blindness.

Conclusion : Social media is a powerful tool to increase cataract awareness and public trust, especially during Covid-19 pandemic.