bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counter culture: causes, extent and solutions of systematic bias in the analysis of behavioural counts
Authors: Pick Joel L. , Khwaja Nyil , Spence Michael A. , Ihle Malika , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: April 2023

We often quantify the rate at which a behaviour occurs by counting the number of times it occurs within a specific, short observation period. Measuring behaviour in such a way is typically unavoidable but induces error. This error acts to systematically reduce effect sizes, including metrics of particular interest to behavioural and evolutionary ecologists such asR2, repeatability (intra-class correlation, ICC) and heritability. Through introducing a null model, the Poisson process, for modelling the frequency of behaviour, we give a mechanistic explanation of how this problem arises and demonstrate how it makes comparisons between studies and species problematic, because the magnitude of the error depends on how frequently the behaviour has been observed as well as how biologically variable the behaviour is. Importantly, the degree of error is predictable and so can be corrected for. Using the example of parental provisioning rate in birds, we assess the applicability of our null model for modelling the frequency of behaviour. We then survey recent literature and demonstrate that the error is rarely accounted for in current analyses. We highlight the problems that arise from this and provide solutions. We further discuss the biological implications of deviations from our null model, and highlight the new avenues of research that they may provide. Adopting our recommendations into analyses of behavioural counts will improve the accuracy of estimated effect sizes and allow meaningful comparisons to be made between studies.
Una oportunidad desaprovechada : las segundas vidas de los pabellones chilenos de Exposición Universal
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura, Jordan Larrain Josefa
Published: April 2023

En el desarrollo de los pabellones chilenos para las Exposiciones Universales nunca se ha considerado la posibilidad de un segundo uso específico. Por lo que cuando han sido reutilizados terminan siendo principalmente de carácter expositivo, no muy distinto a su primer uso. En los casos más optimistas se mantienen funcionando únicamente gracias a su adaptabilidad programática y los ajustes que esto implica. Si el diseño del pabellón considerará este factor desde un principio, se le podría sacar un mayor provecho a estas grandes inversiones. Ahorrar dinero, tiempo y personas involucradas, aportando a las ciudades y evitando que estos terminen como residuos de un espectáculo.
Embalses como infraestructuras de resistencia a la sequía y configuradores de paisaje: estrategias para su integración y resiliencia en el paisaje del agua: el caso del embalse Puclaro
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura, Espinoza Ravanal María Alejandra
Published: April 2023

El cambio climático global ha desencadenado en Chile un proceso de sequía durante los últimos 20 años, lo que ha implicado asumir estrategias entre las cuales se encuentra la de crear embalses, con el objetivo de recoger y acumular el agua de escorrentía que, de otra forma, terminaría en el mar. En Chile hay alrededor de 60 embalses, enfocados principalmente a dar seguridad de riego y agua para consumo humano. A pesar de los beneficios que estas estructuras traen como elementos de soporte ante la escasez hídrica, son controversiales debido al costo ambiental y social que conllevan. El deterioro del ecosistema ripario provocado al interrumpir el libre flujo del río que estructura la cuenca y la inundación de territorios habitados, conllevan una pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos desde los de regulación, como purificación de aguas y control de microclima , hasta culturales por el valor social asociado al sector en términos de identidad y patrimonio. Esta tesis postula que, dados estos costos, la mirada netamente productiva sobre el embalse, y sobre el sistema hídrico, favorece la disociación entre la infraestructura y su entorno generando una distancia cultural con el mismo, que se puede traducir en degradación del paisaje del agua. Se investiga el caso del embalse Puclaro, que regula el caudal del río Elqui en la región de Coquimbo, y que fue creado con el objetivo principal de dar seguridad de riego en el valle y de agua potable a la ciudad de La Serena y Coquimbo, zonas donde históricamente ha escaseado este recurso. Se pretende abordar la problemática generada por esta infraestructura a nivel de paisaje, entendiéndola como un elemento clave del sistema hídrico en escenario de sequía, que tiene el potencial de activar dinámicas sociales y procesos ecosistémicos en su entorno, que pueden configurarse como servicios para la comunidad en un marco de desarrollo sostenible.
Sistema de gestión ambiental al proceso constructivo : caso de estudio Empresa Sencorp
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Construcción Civil, Delgado Agustín
Published: April 2023

La industria de la construcción tiene múltiples impactos que se dan en la etapa de construcción, debido a las faenas que se realizan para poder materializar los proyectos, en donde se encuentran problemas como contaminación por ruido, contaminación atmosférica, desechos sólidos y líquidos, contaminación del agua, gases dañinos y polvo, para lo cual cada proyecto debe responder a estos impactos cumpliendo normativas ambientales. Adicional al cumplimiento mínimo a realizar por normativa nacional, un proyecto puede tener condiciones de reducción de impacto dado por su envergadura o emplazamiento, el cual debe pasar por una revisión en Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental (SEIA) donde debe hacer una descripción detallada de las obras, presentando las formas o vías de cumplimiento voluntaria u obligatoriamente. Otra forma en la cual una empresa puede obtener reconocimiento por mejoras ambientales en las faenas es mediante la implementación de planes de gestión para Certificaciones LEED o para acreditarse en Sistemas de Gestión regulados en la normativa ISO 14.001. En este estudio se presenta un análisis de estrategias ambientales respecto a diversos documentos técnicos que dan directrices e indicaciones para llevar un buen manejo ambiental en las obras de construcción, para después presentar como resultado un Plan de Gestión Ambiental de Obras basado en la Herramienta de Gestión Ambiental EcoManagement and Audit Scheme utilizada por miembros de la Unión Europea. Este plan indicará una serie de pasos y procedimientos para la empresa constructora a modo de poder evaluar e implementar en las obras. El resultado que se espera con la presentación de este estudio a la empresa interesada es que puedan establecer un Plan de Gestión Ambiental de Obras integrado a su Sistema de Gestión Integrada, adicional a los temas de Calidad y Seguridad de la empresa, para establecer procedimientos e indicadores que sea aplicable a toda obra de construcción actual y futura, ya sea que deba tener involucramiento en el Servicio de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental o no.
Assessment and Comparison of Sense of Coherence in Young Individuals Participating in the Treatment of their Cleft Lip and Palate Anomalies: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Suchak Dhwani , Kamble Ranjit , Shrivastav Sunita , Mathew Jeni , Toshniwal Nandlal Girijalal
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Cleft lip and/or Cleft of Palate (CL/P) is amongst the most common congenital oral and maxillofacial deformities. CL/P is not thought to be harmful to one’s health. However, even if a cleft is treated early in a child’s development, there are genuine consequences, including the possibility of long-term negative health impacts such as functional and psychological issues. Antonovsky A developed a questionnaire to measure the Sense Of Coherence (SOC). It consists of three elements: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. In patients having any kind of deviancy, SOC provides positive experiences such as increased sense of purpose, expectations, spiritual practices, respect and understanding, self-improvement and confidence, and connections have all improved. Aim: To assess changes in SOC of young patients undergoing treatment for cleft lip and palate anomalies. Materials and Methods: The present prospective interventional study will be conducted in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India, and to be conducted on 20 patients of 14 years and below, with cleft lip and palate. Data will be gathered via questionnaires which will be distributed to patients having CL/P undergoing orthodontic treatment. The questionnaires will be collected within half an hour and will be checked, if completed. Patients will be given the same questionnaires at different points of time, i.e., at the start of the treatment, two months, six months and one year after the start of treatment. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software (27.0) and Graph Pad Prism will be used to analyse the data (version 7.0). Expected Results: Undergoing orthodontic treatment along with psychologic counselling might have a positive impact on the patients undergoing treatment for cleft lip and palate. Conclusion: It will be observed that the mental, emotional and social well-being of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment for cleft lip and palate will be improved. The orthodontic treatment which will be planned for each patient will be directed at both physical and mental rehabilitation of the patients. For a satisfactory treatment outcome and the well-being of the patient and their families, timely counselling is essential.
Clinical Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Assam, India
Authors: Kalita Dulal , Islam Fahima Naznin , Rahman Mahibur
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common problem in children. It is a very common cause of fever in children after gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. Uropathogens causing community acquired UTI is increasing due to changing antibiotic sensitivity pattern over time. Appropriate choice of antibiotic is crucial to prevent complications related to UTI. Aim: To study the clinical profile, risk factors, associated pathogen spectrum and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in community acquired UTI. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study with 150 sample size was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India and was carried out among children (1 month to 12 years of age) with community acquired UTI, over a period of one year in the state of Assam. Fresh urine samples were collected by clean catch mid-stream method for toilet trained children and by transurethral catheterisation for infants and young children. It was followed by routine urine examination and culture and sensitivity testing to diagnose UTI. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the results. Proportion test was used for statistical evaluation. Results: Majority of UTI cases were in the age group 1 to 5 years (57.3%) and there was female preponderance (59.3%). Fever was the most common presentation (55.3% cases) in the present study. This was followed by poor feeding (12.6%), lower abdominal pain (10.6%), failure to gain weight (10.6%). In urinalysis, 87 cases (58%) showed pyuria, 6 cases (4%) showed significant haematuria. Most prevalent uropathogens in the present study was Escherichia coli (E.coli) (66%cases), followed by Enterococcus sp. (16.7%), Klebsiella sp. (14%). E.coli had maximum sensitivity for nitrofurantoin (90.9%). It was followed by amikacin (80%), co-trimoxazole in 64.6% and gentamycin in 62.6% cases. Conclusion: All fever cases in children should be screened to rule out UTI. All UTI cases should undergo culture and sensitivity testing to determine the sensitivity pattern.
COP27 Making a Case for a Net Zero-Carbon Emissions Future by Implementing Technological Solutions and Mindset Transformation
Authors: Ewis Ammar , El-Shafie Rasha , Sakr Mahmoud
Published: April 2023

Carbon emissions pose a massive risk to our planet's health. According to the Paris Climate Agreement, nations pledged to limit global warming to 1.5°C to mitigate climate change's impacts. This target will not be achieved without immediate and deep emissions reductions across all sectors. Unfortunately, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the new natural gas discoveries in some countries have also slowed down the pace of decarbonization. Aside from that, a faint light at the end of the tunnel could be seen from the new Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, which pointed to increasing actions on climate change. Fortunately, achieving future zero carbon emission is still possible via the implementation of holistic frameworks that promote existing and emerging green technologies and helps the community to transform. This policy paper proposes a framework that integrates technology use and mobilizes the transformation of communities' mindsets to cope and adapt to climate change. The proposed framework will then be implemented in the country hosting the 27th Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC (COP 27), Egypt, and it is recommended to be used by scholars and policymakers for future assessment of the country's climate change performance. Finally, the paper provides a set of recommendations to governments, policymakers, and communities to accelerate the movements toward a net zero-carbon future.
Fusion sequencing via terminator‐assisted synthesis (FTAS‐seq) identifies TMPRSS2 fusion partners in prostate cancer
Authors: Drazdauskienė Ugnė , Kapustina Žana , Medžiūnė Justina , Dubovskaja Varvara , Sabaliauskaitė Rasa , Jarmalaitė Sonata , Lubys Arvydas
Published: April 2023

Genetic rearrangements that fuse an androgen‐regulated promoter area with a protein‐coding portion of an originally androgen‐unaffected gene are frequent in prostate cancer, with the fusion between transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and ETS transcription factor ERG (ERG) (TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion) being the most prevalent. Conventional hybridization‐ or amplification‐based methods can test for the presence of expected gene fusions, but the exploratory analysis of currently unknown fusion partners is often cost‐prohibitive. Here, we developed an innovative next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based approach for gene fusion analysis termed fusion sequencing via terminator‐assisted synthesis (FTAS‐seq). FTAS‐seq can be used to enrich the gene of interest while simultaneously profiling the whole spectrum of its 3′‐terminal fusion partners. Using this novel semi‐targeted RNA‐sequencing technique, we were able to identify 11 previously uncharacterized TMPRSS2 fusion partners and capture a range of TMPRSS2‐ERG isoforms. We tested the performance of FTAS‐seq with well‐characterized prostate cancer cell lines and utilized the technique for the analysis of patient RNA samples. FTAS‐seq chemistry combined with appropriate primer panels holds great potential as a tool for biomarker discovery that can support the development of personalized cancer therapies.
Joint two‐stage multi‐innovation recursive least squares parameter and fractional‐order estimation algorithm for the fractional‐order input nonlinear output‐error autoregressive model
Authors: Hu Chong , Ji Yan , Ma Caiqing
Published: April 2023

This paper mainly investigates the issue of parameter identification for the fractional‐order input nonlinear output error autoregressive (IN‐OEAR) model. In order to avoid the problem of large computation of redundant parameter estimation, the output form of the system can be expressed by a linear combination of unknown parameters through the key term separation. Through employing the hierarchial identification principle, the fractional‐order IN‐OEAR model is decomposed into two sub‐models with a smaller number of parameters. On the basis of the recursive identification methods, a recursive least squares sub‐algorithm and a gradient stochastic sub‐algorithm are proposed to estimate the parameters and the fractional‐order, respectively. With the aim of achieving more accurate parameter estimates, a two‐stage multi‐innovation least recursive algorithm is proposed by means of the multi‐innovation identification theory. The numerical simulation results test the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Atomically Structured Metal‐Organic Frameworks: A Powerful Chemical Path for Noble Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts
Authors: Dong Hai , Zhu Huang , Li Qian , Zhou Mi , Ren Xiancheng , Ma Tian , Liu Junzhi , Zeng Zhiyuan , Luo Xianglin , Li Shuang , Cheng Chong
Published: April 2023

Noble metal‐based electrocatalysts (NMECs), particularly those with active sites at the nano or atomic level, are indispensable in heterogeneous catalysis, which has attracted considerable research interests, especially in the energy communities. Due to the enormous inherent merits, such as ultrahigh surface area, tunable atomic structure, and diverse chemical tailorability, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proposed as ideal candidates for creating efficient and programmable NMECs. In this review, from an interdisciplinary opinion,the recent progresses on the synthetic principles and catalytic site design protocols for the atomically structured MOFs and their derivatives are comprehensively discussed. Particularly, it is dedicated to summarizing the modulation strategies on creating the catalytic centers and bond microenvironments of MOFs‐based NMECs, including the single‐atom, dual‐atom, cluster, and nanoparticle engineering. Furthermore, the critical mechanisms of how the structures of MOFs‐based NMECs affect the corresponding electrochemical behaviors is outlined and disclose the critical essences for their future applications. Finally, the current developments, challenges, and perspectives for engineering the atomically structured MOFs‐based NMECs are discussed to inspire the broad utilization of MOFs‐based NMECs‐equipped catalysts in energy conversion, which offers cutting‐edge guidance for future prosperity in developing efficient NMECs.
Recent Advances of Capacitive Sensors: Materials, Microstructure Designs, Applications, and Opportunities
Authors: Cheng Allen J. , Wu Liao , Sha Zhao , Chang Wenkai , Chu Dewei , Wang Chun Hui , Peng Shuhua
Published: April 2023

Capacitive sensors have advanced rapidly to create new applications including wearable sensors for human health monitoring, integrated sensors for intelligent surgical devices, tactile interfaces for robots. Compared to other types of pressure or strain sensors, capacitive sensors require low power consumption and offer excellent linearity and fast response time. Herein, this review concentrates on the recent advancements and developments of high‐performance capacitive sensors with new materials and microstructures, which significantly enhance their sensitivity, accuracy, linearity, and response time. This work also provides a review of recent applications, from which current challenges and future opportunities are proposed and discussed.
Phononic Bandgap Programming in Kirigami By Unique Mechanical Input Sequencing
Authors: Khosravi Hesameddin , Li Suyi
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the programming of elastic wave propagation bandgaps in periodic and multi‐stable metamaterials by intentionally and uniquely sequencing its constitutive mechanical bits. To this end, stretched kirigami is used as a simple and versatile testing platform. Each mechanical bit in the stretched kirigami can switch between two stable equilibria with different external shapes (aka. “(0)” and “(1)” states). Therefore, by designing the sequence of (0) and (1) bits, one can fundamentally change the underlying periodicity and thus program the phononic bandgap frequencies. This study develops an algorithm to identify the unique periodicities generated by assembling “n‐bit strings” consisting of n mechanical bits. Based on a simplified geometry of these n‐bit strings, this study also formulates a theory to uncover the rich mapping between input sequencing and output bandgaps. The theoretical prediction and experiment results confirm that the (0) and (1) bit sequencing is effective for programming the phonic bandgap frequencies. Moreover, one can additionally fine‐tune the bandgaps by adjusting the global stretch. Overall, the results of this study elucidate new strategies for programming the dynamic responses of architected material systems.
Teleoperation of Soft Robots with Real‐Time Fingertip Haptic Feedback Using Small Batteries
Authors: Ham Hyeonseong , Park Myungsun , Park Taejun , Gao Xuelang , Park Yong‐Lae , Park Moon Jeong
Published: April 2023

Soft robots are promising candidates for robust grasping and manipulation of different types of objects; however, their development has been a scientific challenge because of the lack of compact, yet precise, controllable soft actuators. In this work, innovative haptic interactive systems based on sensor‐integrated actuators powered by small batteries are reported. A liquid‐metal strain sensor with a versatile form factor and robust sensing performance is incorporated into a fast‐switching high‐force ionic polymer actuator. The structure of the sensor‐integrated actuator is rationally designed through encapsulation technology to achieve the best sensitivity and actuation while maintaining compactness, allowing for accurate, real‐time estimation and tracking of the actuation process. In a closed loop between the user and sensor‐integrated actuator, the motion and manipulation dynamics of a soft gripper made of sensor‐integrated actuators can be controlled by hand motions during a task. By combining with a thimble‐type haptic feedback device, the states of the gripper can be transmitted back to the user in real‐time via the proprioception of the integrated sensor. The approach opens a prospective avenue for the development of future robotic technologies without requiring camera‐based sensors for versatile, wearable, and scalable haptic systems.
A Flexible Strain Sensor with High Electrical Conductivity, Rapid Electrothermal Response, and High Strain Sensitivity for Real‐Time Monitoring of Human Joint Movement
Authors: Li Xing , Yang Hongfen , Lu Shaorong , Cai Ren
Published: April 2023

Herein, a flexible film, called PPA film, is designed as a multifunctional sensor with high electrical conductivity, rapid electrothermal response, and high strain sensitivity. The film contains polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), graphene nanosheets (GNs), nanocellulose crystals (CNCs), polydopamine (PDA), and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), symbolized as PPA film. The CNCs enhance the dispersion of the GNs during film formation; the stacked GNs change heat conduction and resistance during film bending; PDA serves as a linking agent; Ag NPs improve the conductivity (i.e., 2.65 × 103 S/m) of the film during electrothermal response measurement. A flexible strain sensor designed from PPA films is mounted on the skin surface of human joints to monitor human movement in real time. The sensor exhibited good stability and cycling durability, i.e., the resistance variation remained stable during the bend‐release repetitions for 600 cycles at 1.2 % strain. The flexible sensors exhibited highly sensitive to bending strain, i.e., 30.5 of the gauge factor (GF), and can be applied to monitor bending motions of human joints, such as finger, wrist, elbow, and knee joints.In addition, the PPA films exhibit very high joule heat generation ability and demonstrate its applicability as a joint or stomach warmer and sensor. The as‐designed flexible sensor is a promising candidate for application in environmentally friendly and multifunctional wearable devices.
Efficient Solid‐State Emission Control by Positional Isomerism for Platinum(II) Complex with Donor–π–Acceptor Ligand
Authors: Kim Min‐Ji , Chae Minjung , Ahn Mina , Wee Kyung‐Ryang
Published: April 2023

Square‐planar platinum (Pt)(II) complexes have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique luminescent properties, and the development of facile methods to control them is very important. A series of Pt(II) complexes containing a donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) isomer ligand (ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐position; Pt‐O, Pt‐M, and Pt‐P) is prepared to investigate the positional isomerism on the Pt(II) complex. In particular, the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer and ligand intramolecular charge transfer characteristics are examined depending on the positional isomer and compared with the donor‐free Pt(II) complex. All Pt(II) complexes observe slightly red‐shifted emission within 10 nm in the order of Pt‐O < Pt‐M < Pt‐P. Experimental data and theoretical calculations show that the Pt(II) complex lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level is controlled systematically by the donor position dependency. In particular, the small perturbation of the electronic state by positional isomerism in the single molecule induces significant phosphorescence color disparities of more than 82 nm in the solid‐state emission spectra and aggregation‐induced emission. The intriguing phosphorescent behavior is explained by the ligand‐dependent macroscopic molecular array with the Hirshfeld analysis. Consequentially, this paper reports a facile emission control method by the D–π–A ligand positional isomerism in the Pt(II) complex.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Silicon Oxynitride‐Doped Si for Tunable Bragg Gratings Homogeneously Deposited on Si, SiO2, and Borosilicate Substrates and the tip of SM and PM Optical Fibers
Authors: Karatutlu Ali , Tabaru Timuçin Emre , Ortaç Bülend
Published: April 2023

Optical tunability and repeatability are essential in fabricating optoelectronic devices from waveguides to Bragg gratings (BGs) for high‐energy, high‐power, mode‐locking, and sensing applications. For this purpose, a controlled adjustment in the optical properties, including the refractive index of the deposited nanolayers, becomes critical. This study reveals that silicon oxynitride (SiON) doping into silicon (Si) offers a new way for the preparation of novel Si‐based devices with an emphasis on the BGs for filtering a particular portion of an electromagnetic spectrum, including the wavelengths of 800, 976, 1550, and 1840 nm. Control on the incident angle dependence of the BGs is demonstrated at Watt‐level for the wavelength of 976 nm. Amorphous SiON‐doped Si layers on alternating SiO2 can be synthesized on bulk substrates and different optical fibers at relatively low temperatures with wide and narrow bandwidths. The high reflectivity of the novel Si‐based BGs reveals over −22 dB reflection using typical optical fibers, including standardsingle‐mode fibers and high‐birefringent polarization‐maintaining (PM) fibers. The polarized transmission measurement over the BG on the PMfiber shows the BGs do not deteriorate the PM properties, strongly yielding a beat length of 1.68 mm and birefringence of 9.2 × 10−4 at the telecom C band.
ERK Inhibition Promotes Engraftment of Allografts by Reprogramming T‐Cell Metabolism
Authors: Tan Xiaosheng , Qi Changxing , Zhao Xiangli , Sun Lingjuan , Wu Mi , Sun Weiguang , Gu Lianghu , Wang Fengqing , Feng Hao , Huang Xia , Xie Bin , Shi Zhengyi , Xie Peiling , Wu Meng , Zhang Yonghui , Chen Gang
Published: April 2023

Extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling is a master regulator of cell behavior, life, and fate. Although ERK pathway is shown to be involved in T‐cell activation, little is known about its role in the development of allograft rejection. Here, it is reported that ERK signaling pathway is activated in allograft‐infiltrating T cells. On the basis of surface plasmon resonance technology, lycorine is identified as an ERK‐specific inhibitor. ERK inhibition by lycorine significantly prolongs allograft survival in a stringent mouse cardiac allotransplant model. As compared to untreated mice, lycorine‐treated mice show a decrease in the number and activation of allograft‐infiltrated T cells. It is further confirmed that lycorine‐treated mouse and human T cells are less responsive to stimulation in vitro, as indicated by their low proliferative rates and decreased cytokine production. Mechanistic studies reveal that T cells treated with lycorine exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in metabolic reprogramming upon stimulation. Transcriptome analysis of lycorine‐treated T cells reveals an enrichment in a series of downregulated terms related to immune response, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade, and metabolic processes. These findings offer new insights into the development of immunosuppressive agents by targeting the ERK pathway involved in T‐cell activation and allograft rejection.
CRISPR‐Based KCC2 Upregulation Attenuates Drug‐Resistant Seizure in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
Authors: Shi Jiaying , Xin Huhu , Shao Yuying , Dai Sijie , Tan Na , Li Zhisheng , Fei Fan , Wu Di , Wang Yi , Ping Yuan , Chen Zhong
Published: April 2023

Objective

The precise intervention of K‐Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2) as a promising target for drug‐resistant epilepsy remains elusive.

Methods

Here, we used a CRISPRa system delivered by adeno‐associated viruses to specifically upregulate KCC2 in the subiculum to confirm its therapeutic potential in various in vivo epilepsy models. Calcium fiber photometry was used to reveal the role of KCC2 in the restoration of impaired GABAergic inhibition.

Results

CRISPRa system effectively upregulated KCC2 expression both in in vitro cell culture and in vivo brain region. Delivery of CRISPRa with adeno‐associated viruses resulted in upregulating the subicular KCC2 level, contributing to alleviating the severity of hippocampal seizure and facilitating the anti‐seizure effect of diazepam in a hippocampal kindling model. In a kainic acid‐induced epilepticus status model, KCC2 upregulation greatly increased the termination percentage of diazepam‐resistant epilepticus status with the broadened therapeutic window. More importantly, KCC2 upregulation attenuated valproate‐resistant spontaneous seizure in a kainic acid‐induced chronic epilepsy model. Finally, calcium fiber photometry showed CRISPRa‐mediated KCC2 upregulation partially restored the impaired GABAA‐mediated inhibition in epilepsy.

Interpretation

These results showed the translational potential of adeno‐associated viruses‐mediated delivery of CRISPRa for treating neurological disorders by modulating abnormal gene expression that is directly associated with neuronal excitability, validating KCC2 as a promising therapeutic target for treating drug‐resistant epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:91–105
Photodissociative Modules that Control Dual‐Emission Properties in Donor–π–Acceptor Organoborane Fluorophores
Authors: Kawashiro Midori , Mori Tatsuya , Ito Masato , Ando Naoki , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: April 2023

Donor–π–acceptor fluorophores that consist of an electron‐donating amino group and an electron‐accepting triarylborane moiety generally exhibit substantial solvatochromism in their fluorescence while retaining high fluorescence quantum yields even in polar media. Herein, we report a new family of this compound class, which bears ortho‐P(=X)R2‐substituted phenyl groups (X=O or S) as a photodissociative module. The P=X moiety that intramolecularly coordinates to the boron atom undergoes dissociation in the excited state, giving rise to dual emission from the corresponding tetra‐ and tricoordinate boron species. The susceptibility of the systems to photodissociation depends on the coordination ability of the P=O and P=S moieties, whereby the latter facilitates dissociation. The intensity ratios of the dual emission bands are sensitive to environmental parameters, including temperature, solution polarity, and the viscosity of the medium. Moreover, precise tuning of the P(=X)R2 group and the electron‐donating amino moiety led to single‐molecule white emission in solution.
Effect of copolymerization on the thermal characteristics and behavior of crystallization of biobased semi‐aromatic PA10T/10I
Authors: Zhu Rongli , Pu Zejun , Hou Hongbo , Li Xianyong , Wang Xu , Yu Dayang , Zheng Pan , Wu Fang , Zhong Jiachun
Published: April 2023

This work synthesized the pure poly (decamethylene terephthalamide) acid (PA10T) and a series of PA10T/10I through an efficient one‐pot melt polymerization method. The structures, thermal behavior, crystallization performance, and mechanical properties of PA10T and PA10T/10I were investigated by FT‐IR, DSC, TGA, POM, XRD, and mechanics performance testing, respectively. The thermal analysis demonstrates that the melting temperature of PA10T/10I gradually decreased with the increase of isophthalic acid (IPA) copolymerization proportions. Specifically, it was observed that, the Tm1 of pure PA10T was 299.5°C, while the Tm1 of PA10T/10I‐4 with a linear downward trend was 284.7°C. And the introduction of IPA copolymerization has an obvious beneficial effect on the thermal stability of PA10T/10I (Td,5 varied from 429.5 to 434.5°C) with a wider temperature range of processing, which could potentially be applied in high‐temperature scenes. POM and XRD were used to characterize the crystallization behavior of all samples further. It was discovered that although adding IPA did not alter the crystal structure of PA10T, it dramatically reduced the size of crystalline grains and increased the number of crystal nuclei. In addition, the copolyamides possess excellent mechanical properties, and the tensile strength of PA10T/10I varied between 42.91 and 46.89 MPa, the bending strength varied between 76.69 and 85.83 MPa, and the izod impact strength varied between 25.41 and 29.82 kJ m−2. Moreover, the influence of the IPA comonomer of copolyamides PA10T/10I on melting points, thermal stability, crystallization behavior, and mechanical characteristics was investigated. This work provides a reference for preparing biobased semi‐aromatic copolyamides PA10T/10I with outstanding processing performance, excellent thermal characteristics, and adjustable mechanical properties.
Cage‐shaped octaphenyl silsesquioxane with micro‐nano dispersibility for strengthening intumescent flame retardancy in polypropylene composites
Authors: Tang Wei , Zhu Hui , Xi Wang , Qiu Yong , Qian Lijun
Published: April 2023

In this work, a silicon‐, phosphorus‐, nitrogen‐containing flame retardant system was constructed via the combination of the caged organic octaphenyl silsesquioxane (OPS) and an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composed of piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine polyphosphate. Compared with the IFR mixture alone, the designed OPS/IFR system simultaneously endowed polypropylene (PP) with a higher charring flame‐retardant effect and better mechanical properties under the same loading amount. With only 0.5 wt% OPS and 19.5 wt% IFR in PP, both 3.2 mm‐ and 1.6 mm‐thick flame‐retardant composite reached UL 94 V‐0 level, while the sample with IFR only passed the 3.2 mm‐thick UL 94 V‐0 rating. Moreover, compared with IFR, OPS/IFR with a specific mass ratio also performed higher limited oxygen indexes, improved anti‐dripping behavior in the glow‐wire test, and suppressed the heat and smoke release to a larger extent of PP composite. The main mechanism was that a phosphorus/silicon synergistic charring effect occurred in PP composites during the combustion, thus forming more compact char layers with rich phosphorus/silicon compounds. The investigation of the multielement OPS/IFR system also disclosed a more effective flame retardant working way in PP through synergistic charring effect. Meanwhile, due to the mico‐nanoscale dispersibility of OPS in PP, the constructed composites kept higher mechanical performances compared with the sample loaded with IFR alone.
Conversion of biomass to biochar using top‐lit updraft technology: a review
Authors: Adeniyi Adewale George , Iwuozor Kingsley O. , Muritala Kabir B. , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere , Adeleke Joy A.
Published: April 2023

The demand for biochar has increased over time due to its wide range of applications in various industries. Biochar, which is the solid product of the thermochemical conversion of biomass, has been synthesized using different reactor‐based technologies. One such technology is top‐lit updraft (TLUD) technology. This study is a review of published literature that discusses trends in the utilization of the TLUD technology, focusing on biochar production. This study also evaluated the principles of TLUD technology. The properties and applications of TLUD‐based biochar were also discussed. In comparison with other technologies, TLUD technology is characterized by higher thermal efficiency, simplicity of starting the fuel, low smoke emission, and high biochar yield. It was observed that the use of TLUD technology resulted in the production of high‐quality biochar with a variety of characteristics, which has been utilized as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, in the agricultural sector to increase soil nutrients, and as a solid fuel. The concept of semi‐batch‐fed TLUD technology was also introduced in this study to enhance the efficiency and output of the batch‐fed TLUD configuration that has been in use. Some knowledge gaps in the study could be addressed by future studies on the use of this technology. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Impact of hypoxia conditions on the Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 bioluminescence
Authors: Mashukova Olga , Silakov Mikhail , Kolesnikova Evgenia , Temnykh Alexandra
Published: April 2023

The findings of the study on the impact of hypoxia on the glow of the Black Sea ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 of three size groups (20–30, 30–45, and 45–60 mm) were obtained under experimental conditions. Peculiarities of ctenophore bioluminescence were studied during mechanical and chemical stimulation under the conditions of normoxia (at an oxygen concentration of 5.6–6.7 mg O2 L−1), moderate hypoxia (2.5–2.8 mg O2 L−1), and acute hypoxia (1.2–1.5 mg O2 L−1). An increase in the amplitude and energy of luminescence of the ctenophores mechanically and chemically stimulated was observed at an oxygen concentration of 1.2–1.5 mg O2 L−1 (acute hypoxia) in two size groups in the lobate form (30–45 and 45–60 mm). The inhibition of amplitude, energy, and duration of the signal was registered in M. leidyi ctenophores at the transitional stage from larva to the lobate form under conditions of acute hypoxia. It was noted that in normoxia, the values of the amplitude and energy of the bioluminescent signal of M. leidyi increase along with a size growth of an individual. This phenomenon was observed both during mechanical and chemical stimulations. Under conditions of acute hypoxia, this trend was mainly preserved.

The universality of the relation between the bioluminescence of the organisms and their bioenergetics is obvious. The bioluminescent system of ctenophores has the role of an antioxidant system and is engaged in the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), that is the process during which photons are emitted. The response of the bioluminescent system to a decrease in oxygen concentration can be associated with an increase in the production of ROS that provides high values of the ctenophore luminescence under hypoxic conditions.
Conceptualising an ethno‐mimetic model for effective buildings' end‐of‐life waste management: A Nigerian exemplar
Authors: Abdullahi Aminu Lawan , Otasowie Kenneth , Lee Angela , Awuzie Bankole Osita , Aigbavboa Clinton , Oke Ayodeji
Published: April 2023

In most developed nations, a formal recycling industry oversees the management of solid waste. The opposite happens to be the case in underdeveloped nations wherein, the informal recycling sector has assumed such functions. The informal methods used in Nigeria for managing buildings' end‐of‐life situations has shown in many ways to be compliant with the sustainability goal since they provide an excellent example of how the waste hierarchy may evolve independently, with little or no assistance from policy and regulatory bodies. The purpose of this study is to conceptualise the processes through which salvaged materials from buildings in Kano State, Nigeria is processed in a step‐by‐step manner, ensuring that least amounts of materials end up in a landfill. Adopting a qualitative research design to achieve the study's aim, this study engaged 19 purposively selected experts through semi‐structured interviews in the city of Kano, Nigeria. The collected data was analysed using thematic analysis. Using the biomorphic adaptation of an African snail's shell, the study's findings led to the development of a conceptual model that depicts the actual scenario of handling demolition waste in Nigeria while highlighting the important elements and the inherent interactions among them. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the identified limitations in the Nigerian construction industry be addressed for the purposes of practice improvement and emergence of a comprehensive framework for the sustainable handling of building demolition waste (BDW).
Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhu Yixing , Chang De
Published: April 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease and the third leading cause of death worldwide. Developments in next‐generation sequencing technology have improved microbiome analysis, which is increasingly recognized as an important component of disease management. Similar to the gut, the lung is a biosphere containing billions of microbial communities. The lung microbiome plays an important role in regulating and maintaining the host immune system. The microbiome composition, metabolites of microorganisms, and the interactions between the lung microbiome and the host immunity profoundly affect the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of COPD. In this review, we drew comparisons between the lung microbiome of healthy individuals and that of patients with COPD. Furthermore, we summarize the intrinsic interactions between the host and the overall lung microbiome, focusing on the underlying mechanisms linking the microbiome to the host innate and adaptive immune response pathways. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using the microbiome as a biomarker to determine the stage and prognosis of COPD and the feasibility of developing a novel, safe, and effective therapeutic target.
Strong electronic coupling of CoNi and N‐doped‐carbon for efficient urea‐assisted H2 production at a large current density
Authors: Qian Guangfu , Chen Jinli , Jiang Wenjie , Yu Tianqi , Tan Kexin , Yin Shibin
Published: April 2023

Exploiting efficient urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts are significant for energy‐saving H2 production through urea‐assisted water electrolysis, but it is still challenging. Herein, carbon‐encapsulated CoNi coupled with CoNiMoO (CoNi@CN‐CoNiMoO) is prepared by solvothermal method and calcination to enhance the activity/stability of urea‐assisted water electrolysis at large current density. It exhibits good activity for UOR (E10/1,000 = 1.29/1.40 V) and HER (E−10/−1000 = −45/−245 mV) in 1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M urea solution. For the UOR||HER system, CoNi@CN‐CoNiMoO only needs 1.58 V at 500 mA cm−2 and shows good stability. Density functional theory calculation suggests that the strong electronic interaction at the interface between NiCo alloy and N‐doping‐carbon layers can optimize the adsorption/desorption energy of UOR/HER intermediates and accelerate the water dissociation, which can expedite urea decomposition and Volmer step, thus increasing the UOR and HER activity, respectively. This work provides a new solution to design UOR/HER catalysts for H2 production through urea‐assisted water electrolysis.
Reactivity of Yellow Arsenic towards Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbenes (CAACs)
Authors: Haimerl Maria , Schwarzmaier Christoph , Riesinger Christoph , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Melaimi Mohand , Bertrand Guy , Scheer Manfred
Published: April 2023

Different cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) were reacted with yellow arsenic. Several products [(CAAC‐n)2(μ,η1:1‐As2)] (n=1 (1), 4 (2)), [(CAAC‐2)3(μ3,η1:1:1‐As4)] (3) and [(CAAC‐3)4(μ4,η1:1:1:1‐ As8)] (6) were isolated due to the differing steric properties of CAAC‐1‐4. The products contain As2, As4 or As8 units and represent the first examples of CAACs‐substituted products of yellow arsenic. The reactivity of As4 was compared with the reactivities of P4 and the interpnictogen compound AsP3, which led to a series of phosphorus‐containing derivatives such as ([(CAAC‐3)3(μ3,η1:1:1‐P4)] (4) and [(CAAC‐3)4(μ4,η1:1:1:1‐P8)] (7)) and [(CAAC‐3)3(μ3,η1:1:1‐AsP3)] (5). The products were characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods and DFT computations were performed to clarify their formation pathway.
Organophosphorus Extractants: A Critical Choice for Actinides/Lanthanides Separation in Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Authors: Yang Xiaofan , Xu Lei , Zhang Anyun , Xiao Chengliang
Published: April 2023

The separation of actinides from lanthanides in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing is a vital step of nuclear fuel cycle process. As one class of mature industrial extractants, the organophosphorus extractants have been widely used for the extraction and separation of actinides and lanthanides in spent fuel reprocessing due to their strong extraction ability and low‐cost acquisition. In this concept, the application scope of tributyl phosphate (TBP), bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (HDEHP), octyl(phenyl)‐N,N‐diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO), trialkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO), and purified Cyanex 301 (bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid, HA301) are introduced, and their extraction mechanism, as well as structure‐function relationships for separation of actinides over lanthanides are also discussed. Furthermore, the design criteria, extraction properties and mechanism of several typical newly developed organophosphorus extractants (CMPO‐modified calixarene/pillarene, phenanthroline‐derived organophosphorus extractants, and phosphate‐modified carborane) based on pre‐organized skeletons are briefly reviewed. Finally, the important role played by those organophosphorus extractants is emphasized and potential applications in separation of actinides over lanthanides in future advanced nuclear fuel cycle are identified.
Regeneration of [Fe(II)‐NTA]− catalyzed by activated carbon in the simultaneous removal of sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide
Authors: Long Xiang‐Li , Gong Li , Li Cong
Published: April 2023

The combined control of NO and SO2 can be finished with the [Fe(II)‐NTA]− solution because [Fe(II)‐NTA]− is capable of binding NO. However, the ability of [Fe(II)‐NTA]− to bind NO may be lost quickly due to the fast oxidation of [Fe(II)‐NTA]− to [Fe(III)‐NTA] by oxygen in the flue gases. To make it possible to put this technology into commercial application, efficient measures should be taken to regenerate [Fe(II)‐NTA]− to maintain the NO removal efficiency for a long time. The catalytic activity of activated carbon in the reproduction of [Fe(II)‐NTA]− has been investigated in a fixed‐bed reactor. The experiments indicate that [Fe(II)‐NTA]− reproduction increases with [Fe(III)‐NTA] and SO32− concentrations as well as temperature. Fast flow and high pH are unfavourable for the reproduction of [Fe(II)‐NTA]−. An NO removal efficiency of 80.11%–89.78% is sustained for a long period of time with the [Fe(II)‐NTA]− reproduction catalyzed by activated carbon. The reaction orders with respect to [Fe(III)‐NTA] and SO32− are 0.784 and 0.336, respectively. The apparent activation energy for this catalytic reaction is estimated to be 41.01 kJ mol−1.