bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multiplanar Radiomics Model Based on Cranial Ultrasound to Predict the White Matter Injury in Premature Infants and an Analysis of its Correlation With Neurodevelopment
Authors: Zhu Ting , Zhang Shuang , Jiang Wei , Chai Dan , Mao Jiaoyu , Wei Yuya , Xiong Jiayu
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To develop and evaluate a multiplanar radiomics model based on cranial ultrasound (CUS) to predict white matter injury (WMI) in premature infants and explore its correlation with neurodevelopment.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 267 premature infants. The radiomics features were extracted from five standard sections of CUS. The Spearman's correlation coefficient combined with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied to select features and build radiomics signature, and a multiplanar radiomics model was constructed based on the radiomics signature of five planes. The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Infants with WMI were re‐examined by ultrasound at 2 and 4 weeks after birth, and the recovery degree of WMI was evaluated using multiplanar radiomics. The relationship between WMI and the recovery degree and neurodevelopment was analyzed.

Results

The AUC of the multiplanar radiomics in the training and validation sets were 0.94 and 0.91, respectively. The neurodevelopmental function scores in infants with WMI were significantly lower than those in healthy preterm infants and full‐term newborns (P < .001). There were statistically significant differences in the neurodevelopmental function scores of infants between the 2‐ and 4‐week lesion disappearance and 4‐week lesion persistence (P < .001).

Conclusions

The multiplanar radiomics model showed a good performance in predicting the WMI of premature infants. It can not only provide objective and accurate results but also dynamically monitor the degree of recovery of WMI to predict the prognosis of premature infants.
Thermodynamic properties calculations of Cu‐based species
Authors: Yousuf Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad Fahad , Tian Zhen‐Yu
Published: January 2024

This work focuses on the thermodynamic property calculations of seven copper‐based species, namely copper, copper oxide, copper hydroxide, copper nitrate, and copper hydroxide nitrate. The structures of these species were optimized to achieve stable geometries. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to obtain various thermodynamic properties such as entropy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and heat capacity at constant pressure. A comparative investigation was performed on the temperature‐dependent behavior of key thermodynamic parameters. Species characterized by a higher quantity of atoms tend to demonstrate elevated thermodynamic properties. Copper and copper hydroxide nitrate had higher thermodynamic values than their oxides and other counterparts. It should be noted that the thermodynamic properties of copper hydroxide nitrate were newly computed, and the results showed that the thermodynamic values of the compound structure were higher than their crystalline counterparts. Moreover, due to the large structure size and solid phase, these thermodynamic values exhibited discrepancies with previously calculated computational and experimental values. The thermodynamic property values that depended on temperature were transformed into NASA 7‐Coefficient polynomials parameterization. The newly determined thermodynamic data and polynomials provide valuable insights into the thermodynamic behavior of copper‐based species. It will help better understand their surface sites and different crystalline structures. Such data can be used to better understand a variety of industrial processes, including combustion, gasification, chemical synthesis, and further to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize hazardous environmental emissions.
Tibial tuberosity‐trochlear groove distance is significantly decreased by medial closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy
Authors: Watrinet Julius , Joergens Maximilian , Blum Philipp , Ehmann Yannick , Augat Peter , Stuby Fabian , Schröter Steffen , Harrer Joerg , Fürmetz Julian
Published: January 2024

Purpose

While medial closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy (MCWDFO) has been used to address patella instability combined with valgus malalignment, its impact on patellofemoral parameters remains uncharted. Hence, this study seeks to establish a three‐dimensional (3D) planning of MCWDFO and measure its effect on the tibial tubercle ‐ trochlear groove distance (TTTG) through simulation and calculation.

Methods

MCWDFO with a stepwise increment of one‐degree varisation (1°–15°) was performed on 3D surface models of 14 lower extremities with valgus malalignment and 24 lower extremities with neutral alignment of the lower limb, resulting in a total of 608 simulations. Anatomic landmarks were employed to measure hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKA), TTTG, and femoral torsion for each simulation. A mathematical formula was adopted to calculate TTTG changes following MCWDFO, and subsequently the mean simulated and calculated TTTG values were compared. Following a standardised protocol, MCWDFO was performed without rotational changes.

Results

MCWDFO exhibited an almost linear reduction in TTTG, at a rate of approximately −1.05 ± 0.13 mm per 1° of varisation, demonstrating a strong negative correlation (R = −0.83; p < 0.001). Limb alignment did not exert an influence on TTTG change; however, it correlated with tibial plateau width. The mean difference between the simulated and calculated TTTG values amounted to 0.03 ± 0.03 mm per 1° varisation (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The TTTG distance is linearly reduced by 1.05 mm for every 1° of varisation within the varus correction range of 0°–15° during MCWDFO. Patients with combined valgus and patellar instability may benefit from MCWDFO due to frequently pathological TTTG.

Level of Evidence

Level III, descriptive laboratory study.
Inhaled fosamprenavir for laryngopharyngeal reflux: Toxicology and fluid dynamics modeling
Authors: Lesnick Alexandra , Samuels Tina L. , Seabloom Donna , Wuertz Beverly , Ojha Abhilash , Seelig Davis , Ondrey Frank , Wiedmann Timothy S. , Hogan Chris , Torii Emma , Ouyang Hui , Yan Ke , Garcia Guilherme J. M. , Bock Jonathan M. , Johnston Nikki
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Approximately 25% of Americans suffer from laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), a disease for which no effective medical therapy exists. Pepsin is a predominant source of damage during LPR and a key therapeutic target. Fosamprenavir (FOS) inhibits pepsin and prevents damage in an LPR mouse model. Inhaled FOS protects at a lower dose than oral; however, the safety of inhaled FOS is unknown and there are no inhalers for laryngopharyngeal delivery. A pre‐Good Lab Practice (GLP) study of inhaled FOS was performed to assess safety and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling used to predict the optimal particle size for a laryngopharyngeal dry powder inhaler (DPI).

Methods

Aerosolized FOS, amprenavir (APR), or air (control) were provided 5 days/week for 4 weeks (n = 6) in an LPR mouse model. Organs (nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, trachea, lung, liver, heart, and kidney) were assessed by a pathologist and bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines and plasma cardiotoxicity markers were assessed by Luminex assay. CFD simulations were conducted in a model of a healthy 49‐year‐old female.

Results

No significant increase was observed in histologic lesions, cytokines, or cardiotoxicity markers in FOS or APR groups relative to the control. CFD predicted that laryngopharyngeal deposition was maximized with aerodynamic diameters of 8.1–11.5 μm for inhalation rates of 30–60 L/min.

Conclusions

A 4‐week pre‐GLP study supports the safety of inhaled FOS. A formal GLP assessment is underway to support a phase I clinical trial of an FOS DPI for LPR.

Level of Evidence

NA.
Metalens in Improving Imaging Quality: Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects for Future Display
Authors: Peng Yuyan , Zhang Jiawei , Zhou Xiongtu , Chen Chunliang , Guo Tailiang , Yan Qun , Zhang Yongai , Wu Chaoxing
Published: January 2024

Metalens, a metasurface with a focusing phase, has been the focus of research due to its immense potential for use in imaging and display technology. Traditional lens and optical imaging systems rely on phase accumulation, however metalens with subwavelength structures provide a disruptive path for miniaturized optical imaging systems by allowing unfettered modulation of incident light's phase and amplitude. Recently, extensive efforts have been devoted to exploring new design strategies, new functionalities, and possible applications. This paper reviews the development, principle, classification, and research status of metalens. In particular, this review focuses on the progress and challenges of improving imaging quality and expanding imaging diversity, including improvements of resolution, enhancement of depth of field, extension of field of view, and achromatism. Lastly, the prospects of metalens in the future display are summarized, and the application potentials of metalens in novel 3D display, intelligent and bionic display, as well as nano‐pixelate light‐emitting display (NLED) are emphasized.
Hydrogels in Gene Delivery Techniques for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Xu Kexing , Zhang Qinmeng , Zhu Danji , Jiang Zhiwei
Published: January 2024

Hydrogels are 3D networks swollen with water. They are biocompatible, strong, and moldable and are emerging as a promising biomedical material for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to deliver therapeutic genes. The excellent natural extracellular matrix simulation properties of hydrogels enable them to be co‐cultured with cells or enhance the expression of viral or non‐viral vectors. Its biocompatibility, high strength, and degradation performance also make the action process of carriers in tissues more ideal, making it an ideal biomedical material. It has been shown that hydrogel‐based gene delivery technologies have the potential to play therapy‐relevant roles in organs such as bone, cartilage, nerve, skin, reproductive organs, and liver in animal experiments and preclinical trials. This paper reviews recent articles on hydrogels in gene delivery and explains the manufacture, applications, developmental timeline, limitations, and future directions of hydrogel‐based gene delivery techniques.
Photocuring 3D Printing of Hydrogels: Techniques, Materials, and Applications in Tissue Engineering and Flexible Devices
Authors: Lu Guoqiang , Tang Ruifen , Nie Jun , Zhu Xiaoqun
Published: January 2024

Photocuring 3D printing of hydrogels, with sophisticated, delicate structures and biocompatibility, attracts significant attention by researchers and possesses promising application in the fields of tissue engineering and flexible devices. After years of development, photocuring 3D printing technologies and hydrogel inks make great progress. Herein, the techniques of photocuring 3D printing of hydrogels, including direct ink writing (DIW), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), continuous liquid interface production (CLIP), volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM), and two photon polymerization (TPP) are reviewed. Further, the raw materials for hydrogel inks (photocurable polymers, monomers, photoinitiators, and additives) and applications in tissue engineering and flexible devices are also reviewed. At last, the current challenges and future perspectives of photocuring 3D printing of hydrogels are discussed.
Description of component distortion in aluminum gravity die casting as a result of hindered shrinkage and evaluation of numerical predictions
Authors: Wolff N. , Gor S. , Vroomen U. , Bührig‐Polaczek A.
Published: January 2024

Deviation from the nominal dimension in the sense of component distortion is a quality‐reducing phenomenon in the foundry. This distortion problem as a result of impeded solidification and cooling shrinkage is of particular importance for permanent mold casting with its mechanically stiff and thermally well‐conducting molds. In studies, the temperature when the mold constraint is removed has already been identified as one of the dominant factors influencing the dimensional deviations of the casting. So far, however, no clear dependencies have been described. In the present work, the temperature up to the removal of the mold constraint is varied from near solidus to ambient temperature on a specially designed permanent mold casting made of AlSi7Mg0.3. This is compared with thermally and mechanically coupled finite elements method calculations of the investigated test geometry and the resulting component distortions. Finally, the applicability of the distortion prediction for the development of compensation strategies is evaluated.
Prodromal Cognitive Changes as a Prognostic Indicator of Forthcoming Huntington's Disease Severity: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Migliore Simone , Bianco Salvatore Daniele , Scocchia Marta , Maffi Sabrina , Busi Ludovica Camilla , Ceccarelli Consuelo , Curcio Giuseppe , Mazza Tommaso , Squitieri Ferdinando
Published: January 2024

Background

Cognitive changes in Huntington's disease (HD) precede motor manifestations. ENROLL‐HD platform includes four cognitive measures of information processing speed (IPS). Our group is eager to seek clinical markers in the life stage that is as close as possible to the age of onset (ie, the so called prodromal HD phase) because this is the best time for therapeutic interventions.

Objectives

Our study aimed to test whether cognitive scores in prodromal ENROLL‐HD mutation carriers show the potential to predict the severity of motor and behavioral changes once HD became fully manifested.

Methods

From the global ENROLL‐HD cohort of 21,343 participants, we first selected a premanifest Cohort#1 (ie, subjects with Total Motor Score (TMS) <10 and Diagnostic Confidence Level (DCL) <4, N = 1.222). From this cohort, we then focused on a prodromal Cohort#2 of subjects who were ascertained to phenoconvert into manifest HD at follow‐up visits (ie, subjects from 6 ≤ TMS≤9 and DCL <4 to TMS≥10 and DCL = 4, n = 206).

Results

The main results of our study showed that low IPS before phenoconversion in Cohort#2 predicted the severity of motor and behavioral manifestations. By combining the four IPS cognitive measures (eg, the Categorical Verbal Fluency Test; Stroop Color Naming Test; Stroop Word Reading; Symbol Digit Modalities Test), we generated a Composite Cognition Score (CCS). The lower the CCS score the higher the TMS and the apathy scores in the same longitudinally followed‐up patients after phenoconversion.

Conclusions

CCS might represent a clinical instrument to predict the prognosis of mutation carriers who are close to manifesting HD.
The targeting of DAPK1 with miR‐190a‐3p promotes autophagy in trophoblast cells
Authors: Luo Qi‐qi , Tian Yu , Qu Guang‐jin , Huang Kun , Hu Pan‐pan , Xue Ying , Hu Bi‐feng , Luo Shan‐shun
Published: January 2024

Pre‐eclampsia (PE) is a dangerous pathological status that occurs during pregnancy and is a leading reason for both maternal and fetal death. Autophagy is necessary for cellular survival in the face of environmental stress as well as cellular homeostasis and energy management. Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is crucial in the pathophysiology of PE. Although studies have shown that miRNA (miR)‐190a‐3p function is tissue‐specific, the precise involvement of miR‐190a‐3p in PE has yet to be determined. We discovered that miR‐190a‐3p was significantly lower and death‐associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) was significantly higher in PE placental tissues compared to normal tissues, which is consistent with the results in cells. The luciferase analyses demonstrated the target‐regulatory relationship between miR‐190a‐3p and DAPK1. The inhibitory effect of miR‐190a‐3p on autophagy was reversed by co‐transfection of si‐DAPK1 and miR‐190a‐3p inhibitors. Thus, our data indicate that the hypoxia‐dependent miR‐190a‐3p/DAPK1 regulatory pathway is implicated in the development and progression of PE by promoting autophagy in trophoblast cells.
Feasibility of remote interviews in assessing disease severity in patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Morio Yasunori , Kawashima Takahiro , Tachimori Hisateru , Hongo Seiji , Kishimoto Taishiro , Watanabe Koichiro , Otsubo Tempei , Oi Hideki , Nakagome Kazuyuki , Ishigooka Jun
Published: January 2024

Aim

Interview quality is an important factor in the success of clinical trials for major depressive disorder (MDD). There is a substantial need to establish a reliable, remote clinical assessment interview system that can replace traditional in‐person interviews.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter, randomized, unblinded, prospective, cross‐sectional study to assess the reliability of remote interviews in patients with MDD (UMIN000041839). Eligible patients with MDD underwent remote and in‐person sessions of the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) assessment performed by different raters within 28 days of providing consent. Patients were randomized to a group first assessed using in‐person interviews and secondarily using remote interviews (in‐person‐first group) or a group first assessed by remote interviews and secondarily using in‐person interviews (remote‐first group). Nineteen trained people (15 clinical psychologists, 3 nurses, and 1 clinical laboratory technologist) performed interviews.

Results

Of 59 patients (in‐person‐first group, n = 32; remote‐first group, n = 27) who completed both remote and in‐person interviews, 51% (n = 30) were women; the mean age was 41.6 years (range, 21–64 years). There was a strong association between remote and in‐person MADRS scores (r = 0.891, kappa = 0.901). An overall intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.886 (95% confidence interval, 0.877–0.952) indicated good consistency between MADRS scores in remote and in‐person interviews. The ICC decreased as the severity of depression increased.

Conclusion

Our results suggest remote interviews are a feasible alternative option to in‐person interviews in assessing symptom severity in MDD patients and could promote clinical trials in Japan.
Blow molding liquid crystal aromatic polyester/polyetherimide film by rotating die: Enhanced film bubble stability and mechanical properties
Authors: Yang Zhitao , Fang Yiping , Zeng Jiajing , Liu Yong , Zhang Zhen , Li Cheng , Cao Xianwu
Published: January 2024

Liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is the preferred material for 5G antenna materials, but its poor film processing performance has become the main factor restricting its development. In this paper, polyetherimide (PEI) was blended with LCP, and LCP/PEI composite films were prepared by interleaved extension blow molding equipment. The effects of PEI content and interleaved extension blow molding equipment on the stability of the film bubble and the properties of the product were studied. The results show that the addition of PEI can effectively improve the stability of the film bubble in the process of interleaved extension blow molding, and the toughness of the prepared LCP/PEI composite film is obviously improved. In addition, the addition of PEI does not affect the low dielectric properties of LCP, which perfectly matches the low dielectric characteristics required for 5G communication.
“Just let me go”; When suicidal ideation and goals of care collide in adolescent cancer at the end of life
Authors: Lucas Bryony , Friend Brian , Jarrell Jill Ann , Kentor Rachel
Published: January 2024

Cancer in adolescents and young adults is associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation (SI). There are no reported pediatric oncology cases describing management of SI during end of life. We present the case of a 14‐year‐old male with relapsed, high‐risk, B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received a haploidentical stem cell transplant and was suicidal at various points in his treatment. We discuss how to manage acute suicidality in this patient population, the importance of giving a voice to the adolescent patient, the impact of discordant goals of care, and potential preventive strategies for similar cases.
Mechanical property and thermal stability of short carbon fiber reinforced polysulfonamide composites
Authors: Chen ZeChao , An Tong , Lu KeAn , Hong JianTing , Zhang FangZhou , Peng YuQing , Li AiJun , Zheng Zhen , Liu LiQi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, polysulfonamide‐based composite materials (SCF/PSAf composite) reinforced by the short carbon fiber were prepared. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of SCF/PSAf composite were characterized experimentally and compared with those of polysulfonamide‐based single‐polymer composites (PSA SPCs). Results showed that SCF/PSAf composites exhibit higher thermal stability due to the excellent thermal stability of SCFs. Furthermore, the additional short carbon fibers also considerably enhance the flexure strength of PSA SPCs due to the strong interfacial bonding between SCF and PSAf. The properties and understanding of SCF/PSAf composite obtained in this work can benefit further applications of this novel composite material.

Highlights

SCF/PSAf composites are prepared by hot compression, and the adhesion between the PSA matrix and SCF is good.

The flexural strength of the SCF/PSAf composite is about 2.5 times higher than that of PSA SPCs.

The storage modulus of SCF/PSAf composites is about 3.5 times higher than that of PSA SPCs.

The addition of short carbon fibers helps to improve the thermal properties of SCF/PSAf composites.

SCF/PSAf composite has a stronger ability to resist deformation and a higher operating temperature than the PSA SPCs do.
A multiscale consolidation model for press molding of hybrid textiles into complex geometries
Authors: Werlen Vincent , Rytka Christian , Dransfeld Clemens , Brauner Christian , Michaud Véronique
Published: January 2024

Modeling the consolidation of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites at the part level presents a formidable computational challenge due to the multi‐scale nature of the process. In this article, a method to bypass the multi‐scale problem by homogenizing the micro scale and describing the medium with characteristic parameters is described. The model is intended for press molding of hybrid textiles and considers a free‐form plate with non‐uniform thickness and can describe consolidation in three dimensions with some restrictions. 2D implementation in FEM shows how in‐plane matrix pressure gradients can arise in parts and cause fiber disorientation. Experimental verification demonstrates that fiber disorientation arises at the predicted location, and that defect size is proportional to matrix pressure gradient. This novel consolidation model provides new insights, enables part and process optimization, and paves the way for high‐quality composite part production.

Highlights

A consolidation model for press molding of hybrid textiles is presented.

A method to extend consolidation models for complex geometry is presented.

The origin of defect formation in complex geometries is explained.
Combination eravacycline therapy for ventilator‐associated pneumonia due to carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with COVID‐19: A case series
Authors: Jackson Melissa N. W. , Wei Wenjing , Mang Norman S. , Prokesch Bonnie C. , Ortwine Jessica K.
Published: January 2024

Background

Carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) pneumonia is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Clinical data regarding the optimal treatment of CRAB is limited, and combination therapy is often preferred. Eravacycline has demonstrated in‐vitro activity against A. baumannii and has been considered for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by CRAB.

Objective

The objective of this case series was to describe clinical outcomes associated with eravacycline when utilized as part of a combination regimen for the treatment of CRAB pneumonia at a county hospital.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted from April 1, 2020, to October 1, 2020, which included hospitalized patients ≥18 years of age, diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), with a sputum culture positive for CRAB, and receipt of at least one dose of eravacycline. The primary outcome studied was clinical resolution of CRAB pneumonia. A key secondary outcome was microbiological resolution.

Results

A total of 24 patients received combination eravacycline therapy for a median of 10.5 days. Overall, 17 (71%) patients demonstrated clinical resolution of CRAB pneumonia. Repeat sputum cultures post‐treatment were collected in 17 (71%) patients, of which 12 (71%) achieved microbiological resolution. No adverse events attributable to eravacycline were identified.

Conclusion

With limited viable salvage treatment options, combination eravacycline therapy showed favorable microbiological and clinical outcomes in patients with CRAB pneumonia. In light of this, eravacycline could be considered as a potential treatment option when designing CRAB pneumonia salvage therapy regimens.
Child anger regulation measure: Psychometric properties, prediction of emotional engagement, and gender differences
Authors: O'Neal Colleen R. , Meyering Kristin , Babaturk Leyla , Gosnell Nicole
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to understand the psychometric functioning of the Child Anger Regulation Measure (CARM), its prediction of emotional engagement, and if the prediction of emotional engagement differs for girls and boys. The sample included 251 upper‐elementary school students in the United States (10% Black, 62% White, 6% Latinx, 5% Asian, 12% Multiethnic/Other; 58% female; average age = 9.7 years). Emotional engagement in school was reported by both students and teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated adequate fit of the data to the first‐order correlated theioretical model at two time points. Internal and test–retest reliability was moderate‐strong; the internal reliability of the anger withdraw strategy was weak for boys but adequate for girls. Of the five anger regulation latent predictors, the path analysis indicated that latent pause anger (i.e., waiting before responding to anger) was the strongest and sole predictor of how emotionally engaged a student felt in school, based on both student‐ and teacher‐reported engagement and controlling for other anger regulation (AR) strategies. There was partial measurement invariance across boys and girls, and there were no gender differences in AR prediction of emotional engagement. Implications for assessment, psychoeducation, and school contexts are discussed.
RNAi‐based genetically engineered rice resistant to black‐streaked dwarf virus does not show adverse genetic effects: A multi‐omics analysis
Authors: Huang Chunmeng , Wang Zhi , Zhu Pengyu , Xu Wenjie , Du Zhixin , Qian Yike , Fu Wei
Published: January 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Advancements in science and technology enable us to address the challenges of the times: hunger, malnutrition, climate change, and dwindling natural resources. One of the most significant innovations in food and agriculture is the advent of genetic engineering, which may help us address the aforementioned challenges. Millions of people could benefit from the application of genetically engineered crops in agriculture and food. However, it is vital that biosafety assessments of unintended effects are carried out to identify any potential risks to humans, the environment, or society.

The study compared the extent of siRNA, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in the leaves of four RNAi‐based genetically engineered rice lines to evaluate whether RNAi‐based genetically engineered rice that is resistant to black‐streaked dwarf virus experiences changes not seen in the non‐genetically engineered counterpart.

siRNA, transcriptome, and metabolome profiling were conducted. siRNAs with different lengths and abundance were highly enriched in the transcript of rice; however, relative expression analysis of eight potential off‐target genes revealed that there was no decrease in gene expression in the RNAi‐based genetically engineered lines, meaning that no off‐target phenomena were caused as a result of siRNA derived from invert repeat sequences of rice black‐streaked dwarf virus in this study.

This study identified some differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites in the RNAi‐based genetically engineered lines; however, they were not enriched in pathways detrimental for humans, animals and the environment. Only 30 differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway via a combined analysis using two‐way orthogonal partial least squares model. These genes belonging to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroid pathway involved in pathways related to virus resistance or infection response were significantly changed.

Taken together, there was no off‐target in RNAi‐based genetically engineered rice lines and may have a positive effect on virus resistance overall in this study.
Considerations in Bayesian agent‐based modeling for the analysis of COVID‐19 data
Authors: Um Seungha , Adhikari Samrachana
Published: January 2024

Agent‐based model (ABM) has been widely used to study infectious disease transmission by simulating behaviors and interactions of autonomous individuals called agents. In the ABM, agent states, for example infected or susceptible, are assigned according to a set of simple rules, and a complex dynamics of disease transmission is described by the collective states of agents over time. Despite the flexibility in real‐world modeling, ABMs have received less attention by statisticians because of the intractable likelihood functions which lead to difficulty in estimating parameters and quantifying uncertainty around model outputs. To overcome this limitation, a Bayesian framework that treats the entire ABM as a Hidden Markov Model has been previously proposed. However, existing approach is limited due to computational inefficiency and unidentifiability of parameters. We extend the ABM approach within Bayesian framework to study infectious disease transmission addressing these limitations. We estimate the hidden states, represented by individual agent's states over time, and the model parameters by applying an improved particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, that accounts for computing efficiency. We further evaluate the performance of the approach for parameter recovery and prediction, along with sensitivity to prior assumptions under various simulation conditions. Finally, we apply the proposed approach to the study of COVID‐19 outbreak on Diamond Princess cruise ship. We examine the differences in transmission by key demographic characteristics, while considering two different networks and limited COVID‐19 testing in the cruise.
Review on Agrobiowaste‐mediated Nanohybrids for Removal of Toxic Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Authors: Chaudhary Ratiram G. , Singh Nakshtra B. , Daddemal‐Chaudhary Ankita R. , Sharma Rohit
Published: January 2024

Because of the growing population and the industrial revolution, a significant number of toxic materials including heavy metals (HMs) are being released into the environment, posing harm to humans, the environment, and other living organisms. When these HMs find their way into water sources, they cause water pollution and pose a threat to the ecosystem. As a result, there is an imperative need to eliminate these HMs from the water. Numerous techniques are being employed for water purification, but adsorption is the most economical and efficient method. The present article critically discussed the applications of different adsorbents including agricultural wastes, industrial wastes, biochar, chitosan, aerogel‐based adsorbents, geopolymer cement/concrete, carbon‐based nanomaterials (NMs), and polymer‐supported nanocomposites (NCs) for removal of HMs from wastewater. Removal capacity of some of the adsorbents are tabulated. Effects of dose of adsorbent, contact time, pH, temperature, initial ion concentration and ionic strength on the removal of HMs from water have been explored. Various adsorption isotherm and kinetic models have also been discussed, including the modeling using artificial neural networks.
Cost‐Effective Cholesterol Monitoring by Enzyme‐Based Electrochemical Assay
Authors: Eksin Ece , Senturk Huseyin , Erdem Arzum
Published: January 2024

Herein we present a practical, disposable, enzyme‐based electrochemical biosensor to revolutionize a rapid and precise measurement of cholesterol level in saliva. To create a biosensor that can measure cholesterol levels, cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was immobilized on disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) via EDC/NHS chemistry. This ChOx‐PGE biosensor has been characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Various critical experimental parameters, including nafion concentration, enzyme concentration, enzyme‐cholesterol interaction time, were optimized ensuring consistency and precision in our results and maintained constant throughout the experiments. Under optimum conditions, the detection limit was found to be 62 μM and the sensitivity of the sensor was calculated as 1112.8 Ohm mM−1 cm−2. The potential interferences such as glucose, ascorbic acid, uric acid, cysteine was selected to test the selectivity and no significant response was observed. Finally, the proposed biosensor was effectively employed to measure cholesterol level in saliva. This biosensor boasts a rapid response time of just 20 minutes and achieves a remarkable detection limit of 95 μM for salivary cholesterol, surpassing existing techniques. Our assay not only offers an innovative solution for cholesterol monitoring but also opens new horizons in point‐of‐care diagnostics with its disposable and practical design.
Novel Polytype of III–VI Metal Chalcogenides Nano Crystals Realized in Epitaxially Grown InTe
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Kwon Young‐Kyun , Kim Miyoung , Yi Gyu‐Chul
Published: January 2024

III–VI metal chalcogenides have garnered considerable research attention as a novel group of layered van der Waals materials because of their exceptional physical properties and potential technological applications. Here, the epitaxial growth and stacking sequences of InTe is reported, an essential and intriguing material from III–VI metal chalcogenides. Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is utilized to directly reveal the interlayer stacking modes and atomic structure, leading to a discussion of a new polytype. Furthermore, correlations between the stacking sequences and interlayer distances are substantiated by atomic‐resolution STEM analysis, which offers evidence for strong interlayer coupling of the new polytype. It is proposed that layer‐by‐layer deposition is responsible for the formation of the unconventional stacking order, which is supported by ab initio density functional theory calculations. The results thus establish molecular beam epitaxy as a viable approach for synthesizing novel polytypes. The experimental validation of the InTe polytype here expands the family of materials in the III–VI metal chalcogenides while suggesting the possibility of new stacking sequences for known materials in this system.
Biocompatible Silica‐Coated Europium‐Doped CsPbBr3 Nanoparticles with Luminescence in Water for Zebrafish Bioimaging
Authors: Jin Mengdie , Zhai Xinyun , Huang Yongkang , Zhang Mengzhen , Ma Tengfei , Zeng Zhichao , Fu Hao , Yin Leilei , Zhang Yabin , Du Yaping
Published: January 2024

Cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Br, Cl, and I) nanocrystals (NCs) are widely concerned and applied in many fields due to the excellent photoelectric performance. However, the toxicity of Pb and the loss of luminescence in water limit its application in vivo. A stable perovskite nanomaterial with good bioimaging properties is developed by incorporating europium (Eu) in CsPbX3 NCs followed with the surface coating of silica (SiO2) shell (CsPbX3:Eu@SiO2). Through the surface coating of SiO2, the luminescence stability of CsPbBr3 in water is improved and the leakage of Pb2+ is significantly reduced. In particular, Eu doping inhibits the photoluminescence quantum yield reduction of CsPbBr3 caused by SiO2 coating, and further reduces the release of Pb2+. CsPbBr3:Eu@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) show efficient luminescence in water and good biocompatibility to achieve cell imaging. More importantly, CsPb(ClBr)3:Eu@SiO2 NPs are obtained by adjusting the halogen components, and green light and blue light are realized in zebrafish imaging, showing good imaging effect and biosafety. The work provides a strategy for advanced perovskite nanomaterials toward biological practical application.
Over 10% Efficient Sb2(S,Se)3 Solar Cells Enabled by CsI‐Doping Strategy
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zheng Jianzha , Liu Cong , Xie Yifei , Lu Hanyu , Luo Qinrong , Liu Yulong , Yang Huidong , Shen Kai , Mai Yaohua
Published: January 2024

Antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) is an emerging quasi‐1D photovoltaic semiconductor with exceptional photoelectric properties. The low‐symmetry chain structure contains complex defects and makes it difficult to improve electrical properties via doping method. This article reports a doping strategy to enhance the efficiency of Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells by using alkali halide (CsI) as the hydrothermal reaction precursor. It is found that the Cs and I ions are effectively doped and atomically coordinate with Sb ions and S/Se ions. The CsI‐doping Sb2(S,Se)3 absorbers exhibit enhanced grain morphologies and reduced trap densities. The consequential CsI‐doping Sb2(S,Se)3 based solar cells demonstrate favorable band alignment, suppressed carrier recombination, and improved device performance. An efficiency as high as 10.05% under standard AM1.5 illumination irradiance is achieved. This precursor‐based alkali halide doping strategy provides a useful guidance for high‐efficiency antimony selenosulfide solar cells.
Interactions of Native Maize Starch Components with Pectin Using Extrusion
Authors: Dorantes‐Campuzano M. F. , Villamiel Mar , Cabrera‐Ramírez Angel H. , Morales‐Sánchez Eduardo , Preciado‐Ortíz Ricardo E. , Rodriguez‐Garcia Mario E. , Gaytán‐Martínez Marcela
Published: January 2024

Native starch exhibits undesirable properties in the final product when used as an additive. Recently, the effects of the interaction between starch and hydrocolloids on the techno‐functional properties of starch have been studied. However, this interaction has not yet been applied to a real food system. Therefore, in this work, the techno‐functional properties of starch–pectin complexes formed by extrusion are investigated. Mixtures of isolated native Pozolero maize starch “HPZ1” and pectin of low degree of methyl‐esterification at four concentrations (0%, 2%, 5%, and 7%) are used. The starch–pectin blends are processed in a single screw extruder with constant variables: temperature, screw speed, and moisture. Morphology, X‐ray diffraction, thermal properties, and techno‐properties are studied. A protective effect of pectin on the starch granules is observed, as evidenced by a matrix involving starch granules. Extrusion results in a partial gelatinization of the starch granules and alters their thermal and pasting properties with the peak temperature increasing with increasing pectin concentration. Extrusion allows both carbohydrates to interact with each other. Finally, the results show that the starch–pectin complexes are ingredients with desirable techno‐functional properties that can be integrated into a food system and add value to Mexican criollo maize.
Enhancing the reliability and accuracy of machine learning models for predicting carbonation progress in fly ash‐concrete: A multifaceted approach
Authors: Uwanuakwa Ikenna D. , Akpınar Pınar
Published: January 2024

Existing machine learning models for carbonation in fly ash blended concrete, developed and validated using accelerated or combined datasets, lack validation against natural carbonation processes in concrete. Furthermore, the reliability and accuracy of these models are directly influenced by the sets of input variables used in model training. This research specifically aims to investigate the reliability and accuracy of machine learning models, trained with accelerated datasets, in predicting the natural carbonation process. Additionally, this study introduces Gaussian process regression (GPR) as an alternative modeling tool, due to its potential for enhanced prediction accuracy. The results of this study indicate that GPR can satisfactorily predict natural carbonation progress in fly ash concrete. Moreover, the study carried out a model interpretation to provide intuitive feature contributions in the black‐box model. The results indicate that the accuracy of the natural carbonation process evaluation of models trained with accelerated carbonation dataset is less than 0.2 R2 value, indicating the inappropriateness of using accelerated carbonation data to train reliable models. Additionally, the model interpretation shows a significant dependency of the natural carbonation process on the binder's chemical composition, highlighting key chemical factors influencing carbonation.
High Efficiency Actuation Conversion Mechanism for High‐Output Bending Motion of a Soft Inflatable Microactuator
Authors: Hori Yuto , Suzuki Seiji , Katsura Tatsumi , Konishi Satoshi
Published: January 2024

The actuation conversion efficiency of a pneumatic inflatable microactuator can be improved by 4.8 times that of conventional microactuators which generated a Newton‐level high force generation via the same conversion mechanism. The inflatable force of the balloon was converted into a bending motion using a conversion film. An adaptive deformation film with force‐receiving plates were designed as the conversion film, which yielded high performance. This novel device (16 mm × 40 mm × 1.3 mm) achieved an output of 2.4 N at an applied pressure of 80 kPa, which enables it to lift 240 g of tissues/organs during endoscopic medical operations. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Cigarette smoking combined with genetic variation regulates the m6A methylation of CRNKL1 and is associated with bladder cancer risk
Authors: Yang Jialei , Ji Zihan , Gao Fang , Wu Jiajin , Du Mulong , Zhang Zhengdong , Yuan Lin , Zheng Rui , Wang Meilin
Published: January 2024

Cigarette smoking was known to accelerate the occurrence and development of bladder cancer by regulating RNA modification. However, the association between the combination of cigarette smoking and RNA modification‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (RNAm‐SNPs) and bladder cancer risk remains unclear. In this study, 1681 participants, including 580 cases and 1101 controls, were recruited for genetic association analysis. In total, 1 287 990 RNAm‐SNPs involving nine RNA modifications (m6A, m1A, m6Am, 2'‐O‐Me, m5C, m7G, A‐to‐I, m5U, and pseudouridine modification) were obtained from the RMVar database. The interactive effect of cigarette smoking and RNAm‐SNPs on bladder cancer risk was assessed through joint analysis. The susceptibility analysis revealed that 89 RNAm‐SNPs involving m6A, m1A, and A‐to‐I modifications were associated with bladder cancer risk. Among them, m6A‐related rs2273058 in CRNKL1 was associated with bladder cancer risk (odds ratios (OR) = 1.35, padj = 1.78 × 10−4), and CRNKL1 expression was increased in bladder cancer patients (p = 0.035). Cigarette smoking combined with the A allele of rs2273058 increased bladder cancer risk compared with nonsmokers with the G allele of rs2273058 (OR = 2.40, padj = 3.11 × 10−9). Mechanistically, the A allele of rs2273058 endowed CRNKL1 with an additional m6A motif, facilitating recognition by m6A reader IGF2BP1, thereby promoting CRNKL1 expression under cigarette smoking (r = 0.142, p = 0.017). Moreover, elevated CRNKL1 expression may accelerate cell cycle and proliferation, thereby increasing bladder cancer risk. In summary, our study demonstrated that cigarette smoking combined with RNAm‐SNPs contributes to bladder cancer risk, which provides a potential target for bladder cancer prevention.
Common signatures of selection reveal target loci for breeding across soybean populations
Authors: Viana João Paulo Gomes , Avalos Arián , Zhang Zhihai , Nelson Randall , Hudson Matthew E.
Published: January 2024

Understanding the underlying genetic bases of yield‐related selection and distinguishing these changes from genetic drift are critical for both improved understanding and future success of plant breeding. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a key species for world food security, yet knowledge of the mechanism of selective breeding in soybean, such as the century‐long program of artificial selection in U.S. soybean germplasm, is currently limited to certain genes and loci. Here, we identify genome‐wide signatures of selection in separate populations of soybean subjected to artificial selection for increased yield by multiple breeding programs in the United States. We compared the alternative soybean breeding population (AGP) created by USDA‐ARS to the conventional public soybean lines (CGP) developed at three different stages of breeding (ancestral, intermediate, and elite) to identify shared signatures of selection and differentiate these from drift. The results showed a strong selection for specific haplotypes identified by single site frequency and haplotype homozygosity methods. A set of common selection signatures was identified in both AGP and CGP that supports the hypothesis that separate breeding programs within similar environments coalesce on the fixation of the same key haplotypes. Signatures unique to each breeding program were observed. These results raise the possibility that selection analysis can allow the identification of favorable alleles to enhance directed breeding approaches.
The HOPE4MCI study: A randomized double‐blind assessment of AGB101 for the treatment of MCI due to AD
Authors: Mohs Richard , Bakker Arnold , Rosenzweig‐Lipson Sharon , Rosenblum Michael , Barton Russell L. , Albert Marilyn S. , Cohen Sharon , Zeger Scott , Gallagher Michela
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION

In addition to the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the presence of excess neural activity is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a prognostic indicator for progression of AD pathology and clinical/cognitive worsening in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI due to AD). The HOPE4MCI clinical study tested the efficacy of a therapeutic with demonstrated ability to normalize heightened neural activity in the hippocampus in a randomized controlled trial of 78 weeks duration in patients with MCI due to AD.

METHODS

One hundred and sixty‐four participants were randomized to placebo (n = 83) or AGB101 (n = 81), an extended‐release formulation of low dose (220 mg) levetiracetam. The primary endpoint was the change in Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes score (CDR‐SB) comparing follow up at 18 months to baseline. The goal of the primary efficacy analysis was to estimate the difference between the AGB101 and placebo arms in the mean change of the primary endpoint.

RESULTS

The mean change in CDR‐SB was estimated to be 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66, 1.69) for the AGB101 arm and 1.22 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.78) for the placebo arm. The estimated difference between arms is ‐0.10 (95% CI: ‐0.85, 0.58), which was not statistically significant. In a prespecified analysis, the difference was ‐0.45 (95% CI: ‐1.43, 0.53) for ApoE‐4 noncarriers and ‐0.10 (95% CI: ‐0.92, 0.72) for apolipoprotein E (ApoE)‐4 carriers.

DISCUSSION

The possibility that ApoE‐4 carriers and noncarriers will respond differently to therapeutic intervention is consistent with recently reported findings from biologics and the present results show further testing of AGB101 in patients with MCI due to AD who are noncarriers of the ApoeE‐4 allele is warranted. Conclusions from the HOPE4MCI study are limited primarily due to the small sample size and results can only be regarded as a guide to future research.