bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A OUVIDORIA PÚBLICA COMO PROTETORA DE DIREITOS
Authors: Pedro Nery Vilson
Published: July 2020

No processo de elaboração da Constituição Federal de 1988, um debate intenso foi travado entre duas forças sociais e políticas, o confronto deu-se entre aqueles que defendiam a consolidação das atribuições do Ministério Público como elo entre o cidadão e a Administração e outros agentes, que preferiam que as funções de Ombudsman fossem afetadas às Ouvidorias. Após três décadas da edição da Carta Cidadã, as inovações normativas empoderam as Ouvidorias e ao mesmo tempo lhes atribuem mais encargos. A Lei nº 13.460/2017, que instituiu o Código de Defesa do Usuário de Serviços Públicos, dedica dois capítulos às Ouvidorias, dispondo que elas devem acompanhar a prestação de serviços, garantindo sua efetividade, e prevê que a Ouvidoria pode fazer a conciliação e mediação de conflitos existentes entre o usuário e a Administração (art. 13, VII). No Estado de Mato Grosso, as Ouvidorias do Poder Executivo funcionam em rede, sendo que as Ouvidorias Setoriais e as Especializadas são vinculadas operacionalmente à Ouvidoria-Geral do Estado (OGE), hoje coordenada pela Controladoria-Geral do Estado (CGE), como uma das quatro macrofunções de controle. Ao centralizar a recepção e as demandas, a OGE disciplina e regulamenta a prestação desse serviço e caminha a passos largos no sentido de disciplinar a mediação e a solução de conflitos, cujo planejamento ainda se encontra na fase preliminar. Atuando como Ombudsman ou Defensor del Pueblo, conforme os modelos consagrados, a Ouvidoria Pública pode ser uma garantidora de direitos do cidadão. Palavras-chave: Ouvidoria. Direitos. Garantia.
OUVIDORIA DO SUS COMO INSTRUMENTO DA DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA: O CASO DE ANGRA DOS REIS
Authors: Cláudia Nicoláu Capaz Maria , de Almeida Guimarães Vanessa
Published: July 2020

Como a participação cidadã é um direito garantido no texto constitucional e uma das principais diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS, criado pela Lei nº 8.080/90, a Lei nº 8.142/90 (cria o Conselho de Saúde e a Conferência de Saúde) a inseriu na gestão, no controle e na fiscalização dos serviços de saúde. Dessa forma, deseja-se analisar se (e como) a implantação da Ouvidoria na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Angra dos Reis proporcionou e ampliou ao cidadão o acesso ao seu direito de participação na gestão da saúde do município. A pesquisa se baseou em análise documental dos dados registrados em períodos distintos, antes e depois da implantação da Ouvidoria. Após avaliação, concluiu-se que a Ouvidoria do SUS desse município atinge sua finalidade institucional na gestão pública de saúde. Palavras-Chave: Ouvidoria. Participação cidadã. Controle social.
Complicaciones de la otitis media en la edad pediátrica
Authors: Roca Castillo Hugo Rolando , Bello Vinueza Carolina Rocío , Zambrano Montesdeoca Xavier Oswaldo , González Quiroz Luis Alberto
Published: July 2020

La otitis media es un diagnóstico común en la población pediátrica que generalmente se maneja de forma ambulatoria. Una pequeña proporción de niños son admitidos debido a un curso complejo de la enfermedad. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es proporcionar una actualización sobre las complicaciones de la otitis media en niños. Se utilizó PUBMED como motor de búsqueda sistemática de información de artículos de revisión de la literatura, guías de manejo y de análisis de datos. Se incluyeron 22 artículos científicos del año 2010 al 2019. Conclusión: La otitis media aguda se diagnostica con base en la visualización de una membrana timpánica llena o abultada con derrame del oído medio. El cuadro clínico y el tratamiento de la otitis media aguda y sus complicaciones han cambiado durante las últimas décadas. La disponibilidad de antibióticos ha disminuido significativamente la incidencia de complicaciones.
Reparación de hernia umbilical, análisis general del tratamiento quirúrgico
Authors: Gómez García Tatiana Giomara , Siguencia Matute Edison Javier , Villagómez Toral Javier Stalin , Miranda Espín Dayana Lissette
Published: July 2020

Actualmente no existe consenso sobre la mejor técnica para la reparación de la hernia umbilical en adultos. El papel de la hernioplastia laparoscópica de la hernia umbilical sigue siendo controvertido. Se utilizó un repositorio digital como Pubmed para la búsqueda avanzada de la bibliografía sobre el tema, usando las palabras clave específicas. Se analizaron artículos con menos de diez años de publicación que resultaron de la búsqueda avanzada de la información. Conclusión: Esta revisión de la literatura aclara algunos aspectos del tratamiento quirúrgico de la hernia umbilical: el tipo de procedimiento debe estar determinado por los requisitos de la situación clínica.  La reparación laparoscópica se asocia con un menor riesgo de infección, dehiscencia de la herida, recurrencia, estadía más corta pero mayor tiempo operatorio. Las técnicas abiertas se usan con mayor frecuencia debido al pequeño tamaño de estas hernias. Las reparaciones con malla disminuyen las tasas de recurrencia. Las reparaciones laparoscópicas generalmente son adecuadas para pacientes obesos o pacientes con alto riesgo de complicaciones de la herida. Se necesitan más estudios con tecnología robótica para aclarar su beneficio.
A Meta–Analysis and Systematic Review to Determine the Pregnancy Outcomes in Mothers with inactive Hepatitis B Carrier
Authors: Badar Samina , Zunaira Javed  , Gulshan Ayesha
Published: July 2020

Objective: Our goal was to investigate whether asymptomatic maternal hepatitis B (HB) infection affects early membrane rupture (PROM), fetal death, preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension, or bleeding before delivery.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology department, KEMU Lahore for one-year duration from May 2017 to April 2018. The electronic literature surveys were conducted using gray literature studies (e.g. conference papers and final reports). (Technicians) and scanned reference lists of attached studies and systematically related studies. We study statistical heterogeneity using statistical tests I2 and tau square (Tau2).
Results: 18 studies included. Early membrane ruptures (PROM), fetal death, preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension and prenatal bleeding were obtained in this study. The results showed no significant relationship between inactive HB and these complications during pregnancy. Small amounts of P and chi-square and large amounts of I2 have revealed heterogeneity, which we are trying to modify using statistical methods such as subgroup analysis in this chapter.
Conclusion: Inactive HB infection did not increase the risk of adverse effects in this study. In addition, well-designed tests should be performed to confirm the results.
Valuation of Satisfaction Level among Patients Attending the Indoor Clients of First Referral Units in Lahore
Authors: Huda Abbas  , Natasha Najeeb  , Muhammad ul Hassan
Published: July 2020

Objective: Internal customer satisfaction is a breakthrough parameter for assessing the functioning of the First Command Unit established by the government. Pakistan, as part of the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) Program in 1992. It is currently expected that CSSM, as part of the flagship National Health Mission (NHM), will reduce the burden of high maternal mortality in Pakistan and the extent of further reductions from current levels to ensure safe motherhood and then childhood to achieve the Health for All goal. In this context, some primary and most community health centers have been upgraded to the first referral unit (FRU), which has been specifically prepared to handle obstetric emergencies. Intensive efforts continue to strengthen these FRUs under the National Health Mission Program by addressing the needs of patients particularly staying in rooms participating in the FRU.
Methods: Data was collected from outpatient ward of the Jinnah Hospital Lahore for one year from November 2017 to October 2018. Patients / clients using internal services; a sample of 60 customers was selected for the survey. They were asked questions to assess the level of satisfaction with the use of various internal services, and their answers were rated as poor-1, fair-2 and good-3.
Results: An evaluation of the functioning of some FRUs showed that the overall level of internal customer satisfaction is around 50%, which can be further improved by improving service delivery.
Conclusions: We conclude that in order for FRU to operate smoothly, the health needs of clients should be a priority.
Đánh giá hiệu quả quy trình chuẩn bị người bệnh trước phẫu thuật nội soi cắt đại trực tràngtheo chương trình do ung thư không chuẩn bị ruột cơ học
Authors: NguyễnThij Thanh Ly
Published: July 2020

Mục tiêu: Xây dựng và đánh giá kết quả bước đầu quy trình chuẩn bị bệnh nhân trước phẫu thuật nội soi cắt đại - trực tràng không chuẩn bị ruột cơ học tại khoa Ngoại tổng hợp - TTĐTTYC & QT Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: 41 bệnh nhân ung thư đại-trực tràng được phẫu thuật nội soi theo chương trình từ tháng 01/2019 đến tháng 03/2020 không chuẩn bị ruột cơ học. Quan sát thực hiện quy trình chuẩn bị trước mổ và đánh giá sớm kết quả như tỷ lệ biến chứng xì miệng nối, nhiễm trùng vết mổ và abcess trong ổ bụng của bệnh nhân sau phẫu thuật. Bệnh nhân được theo dõi đến 30 ngày sau mổ.
Kết quả: 100% bệnh nhân tuân thủ theo quy trình chuẩn bị bệnh mổ được xây dựng, biến chứng xì dò miệng nối 0%; nhiễm trùng vết mổ 14,6%; tụ dịch abcess trong ổ bụng 2,4%; tắc ruột sớm sau mổ 0% bệnh nhân, không có bệnh nhân tử vong.
Kết luận: Chuẩn bị bệnh mổ theo quy trình không chuẩn bị ruột cơ học giảm tải công việc cho điều dưỡng tạo tinh thần tốt cho bệnh nhân trước cuộc mổ và không làm tăng biến chứng sau mổ đối với bệnh cắt đại trực tràng theo chương trình.
Từ khóa: Ung thư đại trực tràng, cắt đại trực tràng, chuẩn bị đại tràng, xì miệng nối.
Effect of Sea-ice Drift on the Onset of Snowball Climate on Rapidly Rotating Aqua-planets
Authors: Yue Wenshuo , Yang Jun
Published: July 2020

Previous studies have shown that sea-ice drift effectively promotes the onset of a globally ice-covered snowball climate for paleo Earth and for tidally locked planets around low-mass stars. Here, we investigate whether sea-ice drift can influence the stellar flux threshold for a snowball climate onset on rapidly rotating aqua-planets around a Sun-like star. Using a fully coupled atmosphere–land–ocean–sea-ice model and turning sea-ice drift on or off, circular orbits with no eccentricity (e = 0) and an eccentric orbit (e = 0.2) are examined. When sea-ice drift is turned off, the stellar flux threshold for the snowball onset is 1250–1275 and 1173–1199 W m−2 for e = 0 and 0.2, respectively. The difference is mainly due to the poleward retreat of sea ice and snow edges when the planet is close to the perihelion in the eccentric orbit. When sea-ice drift is turned on, the respective stellar flux threshold is 1335–1350 and 1250–1276 W m−2. This means that sea-ice drift increases the snowball onset threshold by ≈80 W m−2 for both e = 0 and 0.2, promoting the formation of a snowball climate state. We further show that oceanic dynamics have a small effect, ≤26 W m−2, on the snowball onset threshold. This is because oceanic heat transport becomes weaker and weaker as the sea-ice edge is approaching the equator. These results imply that sea-ice dynamics are important for the climate of planets close to the outer edge of the habitable zone, but oceanic heat transport is less important.
Two Directly Imaged, Wide-orbit Giant Planets around the Young, Solar Analog TYC 8998-760-1*
Authors: Bohn Alexander J. , Kenworthy Matthew A. , Ginski Christian , Rieder Steven , Mamajek Eric E. , Meshkat Tiffany , Pecaut Mark J. , Reggiani Maddalena , de Boer Jozua , Keller Christoph U. , Snik Frans , Southworth John
Published: July 2020

Even though tens of directly imaged companions have been discovered in the past decades, the number of directly confirmed multiplanet systems is still small. Dynamical analysis of these systems imposes important constraints on formation mechanisms of these wide-orbit companions. As part of the Young Suns Exoplanet Survey we report the detection of a second planetary-mass companion around the 17 Myr-old, solar-type star TYC 8998-760-1 that is located in the Lower Centaurus Crux subgroup of the Scorpius–Centaurus association. The companion has a projected physical separation of 320 au and several individual photometric measurements from 1.1 to 3.8 microns constrain a companion mass of 6 ± 1 M
Jup, which is equivalent to a mass ratio of q = 0.57 ± 0.10% with respect to the primary. With the previously detected 14 ± 3 M
Jup companion that is orbiting the primary at 160 au, TYC 8998-760-1 is the first directly imaged multiplanet system that is detected around a young, solar analog. We show that circular orbits are stable, but that mildly eccentric orbits for either/both components (e > 0.1) are chaotic on gigayear timescales, implying in situ formation or a very specific ejection by an unseen third companion. Due to the wide separations of the companions TYC 8998-760-1 is an excellent system for spectroscopic and photometric follow-up with space-based observatories such as the James Webb Space Telescope.
The Triple-layered Leading Edge of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Mei Z. X. , Keppens R. , Cai Q. W. , Ye J. , Li Y. , Xie X. Y. , Lin J.
Published: July 2020

In a high-resolution, 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation of an eruptive magnetic flux rope (MFR), we revisit the detailed 3D magnetic structure of a coronal mass ejection (CME). Our results highlight that there exists a helical current ribbon/boundary (HCB) that wraps around the CME bubble. This HCB results from the interaction between the CME bubble and the ambient magnetic field, where it represents a tangential discontinuity in the magnetic topology. Its helical shape is ultimately caused by the kinking of the MFR that resides within the CME bubble. In synthetic Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly images, processed to logarithmic scale to enhance otherwise unobservable features, we show a clear triple-layered leading edge: a bright fast shock front, followed by a bright HCB, and within it a bright MFR. These are arranged in sequence and expand outward continuously. For kink unstable eruptions, we suggest that the HCB is a possible explanation for the bright leading edges seen near CME bubbles and also for the non-wave component of global EUV disturbances.
Ash-free dry mass values for northcentral USA caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera)
Authors: Houghton David C. , Lardner Ryan
Published: July 2020

Ash-free dry mass (AFDM) values are presented for the adult stage of 63 caddisfly species commonly found throughout the northcentral US. Weights ranged from 0.01 mg for the smallest species to 7.22 mg for the largest. These values represent the first published data on the AFDM of the adult stage of Trichoptera, and can be used in other studies for more precise assessments of stream conditions without destruction of specimens. This increased precision is demonstrated herein by re-analyzing a previously published data set.
Resolving a taxonomic and nomenclatural puzzle in mantellid frogs: synonymization of Gephyromantis azzurrae with G. corvus, and description of Gephyromantis kintana sp. nov. from the Isalo Massif, western Madagascar
Authors: Cocca Walter , Andreone Franco , Belluardo Francesco , Rosa Gonçalo M. , Randrianirina Jasmin E. , Glaw Frank , Crottini Angelica
Published: July 2020

The genusGephyromantisbelongs to the species-rich family Mantellidae and is currently divided in six subgenera. Among these is the subgenus Phylacomantis, which currently includes four described species:Gephyromantis pseudoasper,G. corvus,G. azzurrae, andG. atsingy. The latter three species are distributed in western Madagascar, and two of them (G. azzurraeandG. corvus) occur in the Isalo Massif. Based on the analysis of molecular data (a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene), morphological inspection of museum specimens, and photographic comparisons,G. azzurraeis synonymised withG. corvusand the secondPhylacomantislineage of Isalo is described asG. kintanasp. nov.This medium-sized frog species (adult snout-vent length 35–44 mm) is assigned to this subgenus according to genetic and morphological similarities to the other known species ofPhylacomantis.Gephyromantis kintanasp. nov.is known only from the Isalo Massif, while new records forG. corvusextend its range to ca. 200 km off its currently known distribution. These two taxa seem to occur in syntopy in at least one locality in Isalo, and the easiest way to distinguish them is the inspection of the ventral colouration, dark inG. corvusand dirty white inG. kintana.
Revision of the Afrotropical genus Leiodontocercus (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) with a description of four new species
Authors: Massa Bruno
Published: July 2020

Specimens belonging to the genus Leiodontocercus are rare or even absent in natural history museum collections; this is likely due to at least two reasons, notably, their relatively small size, and, the sheer difficulty in finding them in dense Afrotropical forests. Until recently, three species from less than fifteen specimens were known from this genus, whose identification relied on a singular diagnostic character, that is, the shape of the male cerci. The present contribution is based on the examination of thirty specimens collected from various countries, ranging from central to west Africa; apart from the male cerci, a second diagnostic character – the stridulatory file – is used to distinguish species, even though it is difficult to examine in mounted specimens. As a result, four new species were detected, namely, L. viciisp. nov., L. spinicercatussp. nov. (from the Central African Republic), L. muticussp. nov. (from Gabon and Cameroon) and L. philipporumsp. nov. (from Côte d’Ivoire). Moreover, L. condylus is recorded from the Central African Republic, the only country where three species of this genus co-occur. It is suggested that population isolation during fluctuating humid and dry periods, consequent to the influence of Ice Age impact during the Pleistocene in tropical central Africa, is the best explanation for the adaptive radiation of the group.
La liaison Lyon-Turin
Authors: Bonnafous Alain , Clément Lionel
Published: July 2020

La liaison ferroviaire Lyon-Turin s’inscrit dans le réseau transeuropéen de transport (RTE-T), qui est un programme de développement des infrastructures de transport de l’Union européenne. Le tunnel de base du Mont-Cenis n’est qu’un élément de cette liaison, mais il a fait l’objet de toutes les attentions en raison de son gigantisme et de son coût. Ce chantier a bénéficié d’un effort particulier de l’Union européenne, qui le finance à hauteur de 40 %. Mais il a aussi suscité des critiques radicales : ses opposants ont invoqué des raisons écologiques, mais il a également fait l’objet de mises en cause d’ordre économique. La position récente du gouvernement italien permet de considérer que la construction du tunnel ira à son terme. Cependant, son efficacité économique dépendra de beaucoup de conditions qui restent à satisfaire et qui concernent, en particulier, la cohérence entre un programme d’exploitation de la ligne, pour les TGV comme pour le fret, et un programme des travaux que cette exploitation exige.
Léman Express : de la collaboration transfrontalière aux effets territoriaux
Authors: Pini Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

Retardé, repensé, voire formellement abandonné pour des raisons historiques et économiques tout au long du XX e siècle, le raccordement du réseau ferré helvétique au réseau français à travers la création d’une liaison Cornavin – Eaux-Vives – Annemasse (CEVA) a été inauguré en décembre 2019. Le tronçon du CEVA constitue le chaînon manquant du RER transfrontalier du Grand Genève qui a nécessité des investissements considérables et une étroite collaboration transfrontalière entre les autorités suisses et françaises. Le RER améliore l’accessibilité interne à l’agglomération, favorisera le transfert modal et une mobilité plus durable. Son fonctionnement devrait générer au titre des dix à quinze prochaines années des effets territoriaux importants, tels que la construction de logements, la croissance de la population, la création ou le transfert d’emplois vers les lieux les plus accessibles, la réorientation des flux pendulaires et, finalement, le développement et la spécialisation de certains lieux.
L’hôpital de Cerdagne : premier exemple de création d’un service public hospitalier transfrontalier en Europe
Authors: Faure Xavier , Decoucut Francis , Romatet Jean-Jacques , Benavent Felip
Published: July 2020

L’hôpital de Cerdagne constitue depuis 2014 l’unique exemple d’un hôpital transfrontalier, un service public sanitaire universel créé à destination d’une population à la fois espagnole et française. Il illustre une forme nouvelle de coopération entre les États dépassant le strict cadre sanitaire national et mise en œuvre avec l’appui financier de l’Union européenne. Il permet à une population d’un territoire de montagne enclavé d’accéder à des soins techniques de proximité et de qualité, réduisant ainsi la fracture territoriale. Plus globalement, il participe à une volonté d’offrir un plus large accès aux soins aux populations éloignées des centres urbains et contribuer à une plus grande égalité en matière de santé. Il souligne également les difficultés inhérentes à tout modèle innovant : dans le cas considéré, une organisation sanitaire bi-nationale confrontée à de multiples obstacles juridiques et réglementaires, faute d’un ordre juridique sanitaire européen plus intégré.
Les préparations anatomiques d’anthropologie au milieu du xixe siècle
Authors: Bonneau Thomas , Carminati Pauline
Published: July 2020

La collection formée à partir de 1839 pour la chaire d’Anthropologie du Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Paris comprenait des préparations anatomiques sèches dont plusieurs ont eu un rôle essentiel dans l’illustration des théories anthropologiques de l’époque. Les auteurs présentent succinctement, dans ce contexte, les valeurs et enjeux des matériaux du corps humain en tant que matière d’un discours.
Ultimes soins pour des crânes surmodelés du Vanuatu
Authors: Prévot Régis
Published: July 2020

Après le rappel de quelques notions sur la tradition des crânes surmodelés du Vanuatu, l’auteur s’attache à analyser l’état de quatre crânes ayant séjourné durant plusieurs décennies dans un musée français, avant d’aborder le contexte et les modalités de leur restauration jusqu’à leur mise en réserve.
La céramique de Saint-Porchaire
Authors: Crépin-Leblond Thierry
Published: July 2020

Fabriquée entre les années 1540 et 1560 environ, avec une soixantaine de pièces conservées, la céramique de Saint-Porchaire est une production à base de kaolin imitant l’orfèvrerie contemporaine. Palissy, sans en être l’auteur, s’y est intéressé de près, ainsi qu’en témoignent plusieurs fragments retrouvés dans son fonds d’atelier.
Sous le pinceau de Paul Helleu (1859-1927) : étude d’un fonds de peintures à la faveur de sa restauration
Authors: Trotignon-Aubert Virginie , Cambreling Élise
Published: July 2020

Devenu musée Bonnat-Helleu en 2011, le musée des Beaux-Arts de Bayonne se consacre notamment à l’étude et à la promotion de l’œuvre de Paul Helleu. Les peintures de l’artiste, méconnues, forment un ensemble de 39 tableaux, qui ont fait récemment l’objet d’une importante campagne de restauration. En effet, le geste d’Helleu tendait à disparaître sous des interventions à la chronologie confuse : retouches et repeints, vernis trop brillant et encrassé, toiles pliées, coupées et déformées, œuvres rentoilées. Les opérations menées en 2015 ont fourni l’occasion de confronter les sources historiques, littéraires et matérielles pour mieux cerner le travail du peintre. Le dialogue et la collaboration entre l’équipe scientifique du musée et les restaurateurs ont permis d’apprécier les traitements à opérer pour restituer sa cohérence à un ensemble hétérogène.
Esports on Campus
Authors: Marsh Brent A. , Andre Thomas L. , Payton Samantha L.
Published: July 2020

This chapter includes an overview of collegiate esports, which represents a relatively new competitive and involvement opportunity on campus, but which has its origins as far back as 1972. The authors begin with a timeline of video games and their evolution, transitioning to the advent of esports as a varsity activity on college and university campuses. The balance of the chapter deals with student considerations for an esports program in light of a wellness model (i.e., emotional, environmental, financial, intellectual, occupational, physical, social, and spiritual), followed by institutional considerations such as mission, student eligibility, academic supports, finances, and legal issues. The chapter concludes with future considerations related to governance of esports, opportunities for academic program synergies, and research opportunities.
Strict Liability of Family Leader's Rule vs. Internet Safety Regulations for Content-Related Risks Created by Minors via New Media Applications
Authors: Benli Erman
Published: July 2020

Optimal mode of risk control must be chosen for each case using comparative analysis. This chapter compares the strict liability and regulatory safety standards for controlling content-related risk of harm provided by family leader's minor. The model in this chapter is based on Miceli et al. (2013)'s model regarding product-related risks adapted into content-related risks of harm through new media tools by family leader's minor. Under certain assumptions, when end users perceive the risk accurately, strict liability and optimal regulatory safety standard achieve the first-best outcome. On the other hand, when end users perceive the risk inaccurately, strict liability is preferred over regulation. Therefore, strict liability of family leader's rule (art.369 of Turkish Civil Code No. 4721) is efficient, because it achieves socially optimal outcome (first-best outcome) independent from the end users' perception of risk under the assumption of susceptibility to the same harm.
A Study on Influencers' Role in the Buying-Decision Process Within the Context of Word-of-Mouth Marketing
Authors: Al Medani Tarek , Sahin Ceren , Esiyok Elif
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to explore influencers' role in buying-decision process within the context of word-of-mouth marketing and how it differs among different countries. Therefore, to make a comparison between the two countries, United States of America and Turkey are chosen. In the study, in-depth interview technique was used to obtain the data. Interviews were conducted with 20 participants who used Instagram and followed at least one influencer. Ten participants were from United States of America and 10 were from Turkey. In total, three themes were identified. Following the analysis, it was found that trust is very important. If the followers did not trust influencers, they would not prefer to buy or try the product that they have suggested.
The Role of Augmented Reality on Public Relations and Advertising
Authors: Ulaş Sevilay
Published: July 2020

Along with the changes in information communication technologies, changes are observed in today's communication practices. Particularly the personal and corporate usage of the internet-based applications is remarkable. At this point, augmented reality applications that take their place as a communication strategy in the brand communication process draw attention. It can be said that institutions prefer augmented reality applications in their communication processes with the target audience. In this process, augmented reality is a preferred communication element in public relations and advertising applications. In this study, the situation of augmented reality applications in public relations and advertising applications is examined. Firstly, the concept and scope of augmented reality is explained. Then, historical development process and how it develops and changes are emphasized. In the light of the aforementioned literature information, applications were tried to be described with the examples determined from the augmented reality applications.
Digital Literacy in the World of Digital Natives
Authors: Coskun Cicek
Published: July 2020

Digital literacy includes use of technological communication devices and being conscious while using them and to benefit from accurate and useful information and to produce accurate and useful information in the digital world. This study is an attempt to understand the digital literacy of the digital natives who are currently undergraduate students. The objective is to try to understand how they add new media communication devices to their education and to their daily lives. A qualitative field research was conducted with 28 undergraduate students at Baskent University, Ankara. With this aim, the concept of digital literacy was examined first, and the concept of digital natives was examined second. Finally, results of the field research were analyzed. According to the results of the study, it was seen that participants of the study have digital literacy in the context of using new communication technologies. But they need guidance on which digital resources they can use in the fields in which they take education.
Improving Social and Economic Mobility for People With Disabilities Through Online Education
Authors: Love Jessica D. K.
Published: July 2020

Students with disabilities face many roadblocks to graduation, including but not limited to campus buildings that are difficult to manage, rigid class schedules that do not accommodate a disability, and unnecessarily complex process for obtaining ADA accommodations. Online education is comparable to traditional university programs in quality and accreditation standards. Online education could improve graduation rates and thus provide a higher probability that a graduate with disabilities will find a job and have greater opportunities for economic mobility.
IoT Limitations and Concerns Relative to 5G Architecture
Authors: Althobaiti Ohood Saud
Published: July 2020

Several current computer science applications, implemented within specific paradigms, work at different levels to solve various challenges facing particular sectors. The potential of the internet of things (IoT) in the context of fifth-generation networks (5G) is envisioned as suggesting several beneficial opportunities for companies, industries, and users to exploit this technology's applications. This chapter establishes how the IoT works, considering its 5G architecture. The emphasis is on the infrastructural characteristic in terms of transmission power, frequency, speed, security, localization, device lifetime, and others. Additionally, the chapter illustrates what the IoT entails, discussing its workability and efficiency. Furthermore, it highlights a range of newly distinguishing features that would give it much-touted success in comparison with other technologies. It also presents research issues and challenges.
Improved Distributed Energy Systems Based on the End-User Consumption Profile
Authors: Perez-Moscote Daniel Adrian , Tyagunov Mikhail Georgievich
Published: July 2020

Nations are facing today the transition to cleaner, more reliable and affordable energy systems where power grids are becoming less centralized, more flexible and digitalized, and where not only power utilities, but also consumers are playing a significant role. Distributed Energy Systems (DES) constitute a key element in such transition, with decentralized renewable energy generation near the consumption points, energy storage, electric vehicles, and energy management systems, with the potential to ensure continuous supply and achieve higher efficiency, while reducing costs and adverse environmental impacts. This chapter presents a review of the recent advances in the design and development of DES, focusing on the effect of taking into consideration the consumption profile and behaviour of the end-users. The chapter also revises the limitations of DES and summarizes the future directions of DES development.
Smart Tourist Destination Management Using Demand Forecasting Techniques
Authors: Mrsic Leo , Surla Gorazd , Balkovic Mislav
Published: July 2020

Tourism destination is the place where tourism demand and supply meet. Destination is often the main reason why people travel. In the first part of the chapter, the research is focused on the fast growth of tourism in the past decade, which does not come without problems. As one of the most discussed problems, the focus is on overtourism, which started as growth potential and moved into a sustainability issue. The scope of this chapter was to continue previous conducted research in the Croatian coastal town Šibenik and build additional scenarios using technological advancements and available data to build a cornerstone for a data-driven Destination Management System. The results of two experiments suggest that usage of simple techniques can be widely adopted in the search for sustainable management of the destination. In the second part of the research, the authors were able to combine data before outbreak of Coronavirus COVID-19 and during its early growth phase in Croatia to show what devastating impact it has on tourist arrivals in a short period of time and demonstrate in real time how fragile tourism demand is.
Milestone-Driven Agile Execution
Authors: Miranda Eduardo
Published: July 2020

This chapter introduces a hybrid software development framework, called Milestone-Driven Agile Execution, in which the empirical process control and the just-in-time planning of tasks of agile development are retained but the prioritization of the backlog is done according to a macro or strategic plan that drives the execution of the project. Selecting work items from the product backlog according to a plan instead of following the immediate concerns of a product owner adds visibility, predictability, and structure to the work of the team while preserving the adaptive advantages of agile development.
Challenges and Trends of Agile
Authors: Salma Fayez , Gómez Jorge Marx
Published: July 2020

Rapidly increasing of requirements of business pushed researchers to define new approaches and methodologies to meet marketing needs. Agile methodology has been created and replaced the traditional-driven development methods that focus on soliciting, documenting a complete set of requirements, and take a long time comparing to market change. On the other hand, customers need to be closer to the development process and collaborate with team development. Despite agile advantages, introducing new tools, coordination, and collaboration concepts, some challenges still need to be discussed and improved. These challenges relate to achieve balanced IT service development process in the organization. As a result, new trends have been created to facilitate new changes in software development. This chapter will study agile methodologies and different challenges with suggested solutions generated from agile philosophy itself.
Aligning Strategic-Driven Governance of Business IT Services With Their Agile Development
Authors: Tsilionis Konstantinos , Wautelet Yves
Published: July 2020

Large organizations often describe IT needs in terms of services. IT governance mechanisms ensure investments lead to systems aligned with the long-term objectives. This business and IT alignment is often evaluated at the early stages when a service development decision needs to be taken. Evaluating such an alignment nevertheless requires knowledge and details on the tasks, activities, and requirements that the service is supposed to support. This is incompatible with agile development principles that prescribe to focus on an ad-hoc design built during a sprint. The latter indeed uses an operational approach where value delivered to stakeholders is the driver. This chapter advocates that investment decisions based on (coarse-grained) services is reconcilable with their agile development. It proposes Agile-MoDrIGo, a model-driven IT governance framework using services as scope elements and relying on agile to determine run-time behavior. To this end, the framework uses parallel top-down and bottom-up approaches based on conceptual models where integration is ensured by a middle layer.
A Review of the IT Service Design Process in Agile ITSM Frameworks
Authors: Mora Manuel , Gómez Jorge Marx , Wang Fen , Díaz Edgar Oswaldo
Published: July 2020

The current and most used IT Service Management (ITSM) frameworks (ITIL v2011, CMMI-SVC, and ISO/IEC 20000) correspond to a rigor-oriented paradigm. However, the high dynamism in business requirements for IT services has fostered the emergence of agile-assumed ITSM frameworks. In contrast with the Software Engineering field where the rigorous and agile development paradigms co-exist because both paradigms are well-known and well-accepted, in the ITSM field, agile ITSM frameworks are practically unknown. This chapter, thus, reviews the main emergent proffered agile ITSM frameworks (Lean IT, FitSM, IT4IT, and VeriSM) focusing on the IT service design process category. This process category is relevant because an IT service is designed after its business strategic authorization and the IT service design determines the future warranty and utility metrics for the IT service. The main findings suggest the need for clear and effortless agile ITSM frameworks with agile design practices to guide potential ITSM practitioners to cope with the new digital business environment.
Sustainability Reporting
Authors: Constantin Dana Maria (Oprea) , Căpușneanu Sorinel , Topor Dan Ioan , Grigore Elena , Tișcovschi Adrian Amadeus , Bogan Elena
Published: July 2020

This chapter approaches some issues related to the implementation of sustainability reporting and its benefits within an economic entity. The main objectives of this chapter are to present a brief implementation guide of sustainability reporting, according to GRI requirements and the benefits of its use. Based on the specialized literature, the authors present various aspects encountered in implementing sustainability reporting, interpreting the information used for the internal management and the stakeholders through the sustainability indicators. All the aspects presented and analyzed are based on the existing specialized studies and on the higher education ones. The chapter ends with the authors' conclusions regarding the importance of implementing the guide of the sustainability reporting and its advantages and disadvantages in the short and long term. Through this contribution of the authors, new opportunities are opened in order to exploit the informational content specific to the sustainability reporting that is particularly relevant to all stakeholders.
Balancing Literacies
Authors: Rabinowitz Laurie , Tondreau Amy
Published: July 2020

This chapter outlines an approach to whole learner education in an elementary school literacy classroom by building upon the work of scholars in Disability Studies in Education (DSE) and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy (CSP). It begins by introducing the connections between whole learner education, DSE, Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and CSP, demonstrating how these theoretical frameworks overlap and how they can be used in tandem to enhance the work already done in each field. After providing this theoretical background, the chapter outlines the components of a balanced literacy block in a third grade classroom, demonstrating how elementary school educators can work to meet the individual learning needs of developing readers in the various areas of balanced literacy (i.e., phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension), while also attending to student identities and making instruction accessible to students with learning variations.
Multicultural Literature as Critical Literature
Authors: McCray Carissa
Published: July 2020

In traditional classroom literature, students of color are often left out prompting division, isolation, and discrimination among racial and ethnic groups. The purpose of this literature analysis is to argue the need for multicultural literature to develop identity and social capital for students of color. The literature analysis allows for research from multiple scholars to be used to argue for a particular action in education. The results suggest that an inclusion of multicultural literature demonstrates an increase in engagement, academic achievement, community engagement, and purpose. The need for multicultural literature has been discussed in academia for several decades; however, the implementation and incorporation has yet to manifest fully across educational programs, with stakeholders, or across districts. This review serves to illuminate both the necessity and strategies for multicultural literature.
Environmental Trauma
Authors: Cobb Nicole A. , Osborne Deborah
Published: July 2020

The increase in prevalence of students impacted by environmental trauma is evident in classrooms all across the country. Nearly half of all U.S. children have been exposed to at least one traumatic event and more than 1 in 5 have been exposed to several. This environment often causes students to have extensive learning, social, and behavioral challenges. They fall behind academically, fail to develop healthy relationships with peers, or create problems with teachers and principals because they are unable to trust adults. In addition, these students often find solace in food, alcohol, drugs, sex, and other high-risk behaviors. Specifically, this chapter will help school professionals 1) define and explore the impact of trauma on the developing brain's ability to learn, 2) become aware of the prevalence of trauma exposure in today's classrooms, 3) describe how to implement trauma sensitive best practices in schools and classrooms, and 4) incorporate educator self-care and wellness practices within a trauma sensitive environment.
Catalytic Effect of Tourism in Peacebuilding
Authors: Jamgade Sweety
Published: July 2020

Peace is the state of calmness attained when human beings of diverse culture, perceptions, and beliefs understand and respect the diversity of other humans in their surroundings. The understanding and respect are gathered through travel to places, observing and appreciating the culture, living style of the natives. It has been discussed in many tourism summits, conferences, forums, and symposiums about the contribution of tourism towards peacebuilding in the world. Many scholars have also investigated the impact of tourism on creating and maintaining peace in selected conflicted areas. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the significance of tourism in sustainable peacebuilding across the globe through a systematic literature review approach to accomplish the objectives of the study. It presents the concept of peace tourism, the Global Peace Index's domain of militarisation, safety and security in society, national-international conflicts, global leaders, analysis of some countries in tourism development, and sustainability through peace tourism.
Adolescents and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Raman Kalpana
Published: July 2020

This chapter attempts to individually understand the concept of adolescence and ADHD before it combines to the understanding of the progression of ADHD as a neurodevelopmental and behavioural disorder moving through the lifespan in different formats/symptoms. This understanding would provide the clinicians and academicians clarity to follow the golden rule of ‘early diagnosis early intervention' by identifying the progressive nature in terms of genetic, biochemistry, psycho-social, and personality aspects maintaining the disorder. Finally, this chapter would also provide an overview about the possible interventions and treatment plans available and briefly discusses the recent issues and trends throughout the chapter.
Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD
Authors: Yadav Prateek
Published: July 2020

The pharmacological treatment for ADHD has been researched well and we have efficacious drugs. Drugs are the mainstay of treatment particularly for over 6 years of age. There are two broad classes of drugs that are used in the treatment, psychostimulants and non-stimulants. Transcranial current stimulation and neurofeedback are other mechanisms that have been tried. There are various formulations and doses available for each and only certain drugs are available in India. The various guidelines broadly put stimulant Methylphenidate as the first choice and recommend early shift to a longer acting formulation. Treatment, various comorbidities, and side-effects of these drugs have to be kept in mind and dealt accordingly. Further psychosocial treatments should be used concurrently to improve the outcome.
Living Well With ADHD Across the Lifespan
Authors: Imasaka Tsuyoshi , Mullick Jahirul , Sharma Rajesh Jay
Published: July 2020

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are drawn against a number of challenges including staying on task or taking extended time to complete, having trouble listening attentively, or difficulty sitting still. In the past, it was thought that children with ADHD would eventually outgrow the symptoms of the disorder. However, children generally continue to show symptoms of the disorder well into adulthood. The presence of ADHD transforms over the course of a person's lifespan, and the way in which the disorder affects children also changes dramatically when they are older. In adults, one of the core difficulties is executive functioning, which results in restlessness, disorganisation, deviating attention, procrastination, impulsive decision making, and more. In order to prevent the development and escalation of more deviant behaviours, early assessment and treatment program for ADHD should be considered from young age. A highly effective treatment practice for ADHD is a multi-modal approach that combines both pharmacological and behavioural interventions.
Social Functioning, Interpersonal Difficulties, Social Deficits, and Social Skills Training in ADHD
Authors: Chaudhari Vaishali S.
Published: July 2020

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders of childhood. Children with ADHD exhibit developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity, and/or motor activity. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent mental disorders affecting children. ADHD also affects many adults. Symptoms of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD may also negatively affect the learning environment in children's homes. This chapter talks about social functioning, social deficits, interpersonal difficulties, and social skills training in ADHD. Individuals with ADHD have problems in the areas of peer interaction, emotional regulation, and pro-social behaviours. These social problems are associated with a greater risk for developing problems later in life.
ADHD and Substance Abuse in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Paul Mohd Altaf , Teli Bilal Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Children and adolescents with ADHD are at an increased risk for various substance use disorders and developing early-onset substance abuse. Both ADHD and substance abuse are said to be disorders of disinhibition, which suggests that both share an underlying vulnerability and have more chances to co-occur. The substance abuse in children and adolescents with ADHD is growing, and many factors accumulate to heighten the risk for such problem. The symptoms of ADHD and their secondary problems, availability of drugs, poor coping mechanisms, and the need for adventure and excitement lead them into substance abuse easily. Once they are trapped into substance abuse, it becomes difficult for them to quit, and the tolerance for drugs and risk taking behaviours makes them experiment with new drugs with more quantity. This in turn results in severe consequences and affects them physically, psychologically, and socially, as well as their overall quality of life.