bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Soil Chemistry Characteristic of Upland with Rock Phosphate, Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and Farm Yard Manure For Increase of Soybean Yield
Authors: Noor Aidi
Published: August 2018

The experiment aims  to know the role of rock phosphate,  phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and farm yard manure application in  improve  quality of acid upland  and its influence to soybean yield. Experiment was conducted  in the greenhouse using Ultisols from Kentrong at 2001 year.  Factorial experiment design with  two factors was used in randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factors was rock phosphate dosages  i.e. : 0; 30; 60; 90 kg P ha-1, and the second factor was combination of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and  farm yard manure (FYM) i.e. : without PSB and FYM (control); PSB (Pseudomonas fluorescens); FYM 10 t ha-1, and PSB+FYM.  Results indicated that rock phosphate and combination of PSB and FYM application  increased available P and decrase exchangeable Al of soils, increase nutrient uptake N, P, nodulation  and grain yield of soybean.  Application of  phosphate solubilizing bacteria  and  farm yard manure combination with rock phosphate 30 kg P   ha-1 dosages average increase grain yield soybean 23.5% compared with control. Grain yield of soybean 87% affected by variables of  available P soils (X1), nutrient uptake N (X4) and P (X5), with multiple regression equation : Y = 0.241 + 0.03900 X1 + 0.00470 X4 + 0.04263 X5.
Efektivitas Cacing Tanah Pheretima hupiensis, Edrellus sp. dan Lumbricus sp. dalam Proses Dekomposisi Bahan Organik
Authors: Anwar Ea Kosman
Published: August 2018

The earthworms are the one of soil fauna component in soil ecosystem have an important role in organic matter decomposition procces. The earthworm feed plant leaf and plant matter up to apart and dissolved. Earthworm metabolisms produce like faeces that mixed with decomposed organic matter mean vermicompost. The vermicompost fertility varies because of some kind of earthworm differ in "niche" and attitude. The experiment was to study the effectivity of earthworm on organic matter decomposition which has been conducted in Soil Biological and Healthy Laboratory and Green House of Soil Research Institute Bogor, during 2006 Budget Year. The three kind of earthworms i.e Pheretima hupiensis, Lumbricus sp. and Eudrellus sp. combined with three kind of organic matter sources i.e rice straw, trash and palm oil plant waste (compost heap). The result shows that the Lumbricus sp. are the most effective decomposer compared to Pheretima hupiensis and Eudrellus sp. and the organic matter decomposed by Lumbricus sp. as followed: market waste was decomposed of 100%, palm oil empty fruit bunch (compost heap) 95.8 % and rice straw 84.9%, respectively. Earthworm effectively decreased Fe, Al, Mn, Cu dan Zn.
Optimum Population Size of Indigenous P-solubilizing Bacteria to Correct P Availability in Acid Soils
Authors: Sabaruddin . , Marsi . , Desti .
Published: August 2018

Indonesian acid soils were used to determine an optimum population size of indigenous P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) for solubilizating fixed P. The experiment consisted of two sub-experiments. Sub-experiment I was to isolate the indigenous PSB from Ultisols, Fresh-water lowland Inceptisols, and tidal-swamp Inceptisols. Subexpriment II was to study the capacity of the isolated PSB to correct P availability in acid soils by inoculating the isolated PSB into the tested soils at 0, 105, 1010, and 1015 cells. The population of the indigenous PSB in the tested soils increased as a result of the inoculation. Both Al-P and Fe-P content in the three tested soils decreased as compared with the initial content. The increases of available P were significantly correlated with the decreases both in Al-P (r2 = 0.68 for the Ultisols; r2 = 0.51 for the fresh-water Inceptisols; and r2 = 0.35 for the tidal-swamp Inceptisols) and in Fe-P (r2 = 0.91 for the Ultisols; r2 = 0.45 for the fresh-water lowland Inceptisols; and r2 = 0.78 for the tidal-swamp Inceptisols). The increases of available P were significantly correlated with the increases of thepopulation of the PSB (r2 = 0.60 for the Ultisols; r2 = 0.55 for the fresh-water lowland Inceptisols; and r2 = 0.69 for the tidal-swamp Inceptisols). The available P in the three tested soils sharply increased if the population size of the PSB was about 1 × 109 cfu g-1 of soil.Keywords: Al-P, Fe-P, fresh-water lowland, isolated, Pikovskaya medium, tidal swamp
Land Use Planning of Way Betung Watershed for Sustainable Water Resources Development of Bandar Lampung City
Authors: Yuwono Slamet Budi , Sinukaban Naik , Murtilaksono Kukuh , Sanim Bunasor
Published: August 2018

Way Betung watershed is one of the important water resources in Lampung Province and it provides a clean water for Bandar Lampung City through a regional water supply company (PDAM). By the increase of population and economical activities of Bandar Lampung City, the need of clean water also increase, however by the time, the conditions of Way Betung watershed as water resources are declining. Therefore, to improve or to restore WayBetung watershed, a high cost is needed. The research was aimed: (a) to study the effects of Way Betung watershed land use change on the water resources of Bandar Lampung City, (b) to arrange the sustainable development of Way Betung watershed in order to maintain the availability of water resources. The sustainable developments of water resources of Way Betung watershed were arranged in five alternatives/scenarios and each alternative was related toits erosion (USLE method) and its run off volume (SCS method). The results showed that land use changes of Way Betung watershed (1991-2006) were likely to increase daily maximum discharge (Q max), to decrease daily minimum discharge (Q min), to increase fluctuation of river discharge, and to increase yearly run off coeffcient. The best sustainable development of water resources of Way Betung watershed, Lampung Province, was alternative/scenario-4 (forest as 30% of watershed areas + alley cropping in the mix garden). This alternative will decrease erosion to the level lower than tolerable soil loss and also decrease fluctuation of monthly run off.Keywords: Land use change, run off coefficient, water resources, watershed
Phosphate Adsorption Capacity and Organic Matter Effect on Dynamics of P Availability in Upland Ultisol and Lowland Inceptisol
Authors: Marsi . , Sabaruddin .
Published: August 2018

Ultisols and Inceptisols were used to investigate the adsorption-desorption capacity of P and the effect of organic matter on the dynamics of P availability in tropical acid soils. The experiment consisted of two sub-experiments. Sub-experiment I was to study the adsorption-desorption capacity of Ultisols, Fresh-water lowland Inceptisols, and tidal-swamp Inceptisols. Therefore, surface soils (0 to 30 cm) of each tested soil were treated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 170, and 200 mg P kg-1 of soil. Sub-experiment II was to study the effects of organic matterapplication (0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha-1) on the dynamics of available P following 60d incubation under room temperature.P fertilizer application significantly affected water soluble-P (WSP) (p<0.01) and soil available P-Bray and Kurtz No. 1 (BKP) (p<0.01) in the three tested soils. The different response of both WSP and BKP confirmed that the soils tested in the current experiment had different soil P buffering capacity in the order of Tidal-lowlandInceptisol>Upland Ultisol>fresh-water Lowland Inceptisol. OM application increased the BKP in all tested soils as compared to the control. Differences in pattern of soil available P dynamics over time were detected between upland soil and two lowland soils used in the current experiment.Keywords: Adsorption-desorption, Inceptisols, organic matter, Ultisols
Determination and Prediction of Some Soil Properties using Partial Least Square (PLS) Calibration and Mid-Infra Red (MIR) Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Djuuna Irnanda Aiko Fifi , Abbott Lynette , Russell Craig
Published: August 2018

Soil chemical, physical and biological analyses are a crucial but often expensive and time-consuming step in the characterization of soils. Rapid and accurate predictions and relatively simple methods are ideally needed for soil analysis. The objective of this study was to predict some soil properties (e.g. pH, EC, total C, total N,C/N, NH4-N, NO3-N, P, K, clay, silt, and sand and soil microbial biomass carbon) across the Wickepin farm during summer season using a Mid-Infra Red - Partial Least Square (MIR–PLS) method. The 291 soil samples were analyzed bothwith soil extraction procedure and MIR Spectrometer. Calibrations were developed between MIR spectral data and the results of soil extraction procedures. Results using the PLS-MIR showed that MIR-predicted values were almost as highly correlated to the measured value obtained by the soil extraction method of total carbon, total nitrogen and soil pH. Values for EC, NH4-N, NO3-N, C/N, P, K, clay, silt, sand, and soil microbial biomass carbon were not successfully predicted by the MIR – PLS technique. There was a tendency for these factors to correlate with the MIR predicted value, but the correlation values were very low. This study has confirmed that the MIR-PLS method can be used to predict some soil properties based on calibrations of MIR values.Keywords: MIR-Partial Least Square, MIR-Spectroscopy, soil properties
Certain results on N(k)-contact metric manifolds
Authors: De Uday Chand
Published: August 2018

In the present paper we study contact metric manifolds whose characteristic vector field $\xi$ belonging to the $k$-nullity distribution. First we consider concircularly pseudosymmetric $N(k)$-contact metric manifolds of dimension $(2n+1)$. Beside these, we consider Ricci solitons and gradient Ricci solitons on three dimensional $N(k)$-contact metric manifolds. As a consequence we obtain several results. Finally, an example is given.
Architecture of Jesuit colleges designed by Giacomo
Briano in Polish Province
Authors: Kantorowicz Klara
Published: August 2018

This article describes architectural project of Jesuit colleges by Giacomo Briano SI, a Jesuit architect from Modena, made for colleges in Polish Province
of the Society of Jesus. Despite none of Braino’s projects was fully accomplished we can analyse his original urban and architectural solutions basing
on many of his architectural drawings which are kept in the archives in Cracow, Vienna, Paris and Los Angeles.
Ascorbic Acid Determination Based on Electrocatalytic Behavior of Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101-(Cr) at Modified Carbon-Paste Electrode
Authors: Tashkhourian Javad , Valizadeh Hamed , Abbaspour Abdolkarim
Published: August 2018

Background: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are classified as microporous materials. They have large surface areas, low framework densities, accessible cages, and tunnels with modifiable pores. Objective: The MOF MIL-101(Cr) with a large pore volume was synthesized hydrothermally and used in the electrochemical reactions as an electrocatalyst for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA). The synthesized MOF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Methods: The electrocatalytic behavior of a carbon-paste electrode modified with MIL-101(Cr) was studied through electro-oxidation of AA by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The conventional three-electrode cell system, consisting of Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) as thereference, platinum wire as the counter electrode, and modified carbon paste as the working electrode,was used in the experiment. Results: Under optimized experimental conditions, the electrode revealed a linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and concentration of AA over a wide range from 0.01 to 10 mM with the LOD of 0.006 mM (3 Sb/m). The results showed that 100-fold ofNa+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42−, sorbitol, sucrose, fructose, citric acid, 40-fold of NO3−, glucose, sucrose, urea, and 10-fold of uric acid had no significant interference. The method was adapted for the determination of the concentration of AA present in two real samples (vitamin C tablet and vitamin C effervescent tablet) with recovery of 97.0 and 96.0%, respectively. Conclusions: A simple, sensitive and reliable modified electrode has been established and applied for the determination of AA. Highlights: The modified electrode represented a good performance in the analysis of the real sample.
Apoio social percebido por cuidadores familiares de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise
Authors: Cruz Tarzie Hübner da , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira , Beuter Margrid , Coppetti Larissa de Carli , Dalmolin Angélica , Piccin Catiéle
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: describir el perfil de los cuidadores familiares que acompañan a pacientes renales crónicos al servicio de hemodiálisis y medir el apoyo social percibido. Método: estudio transversal descriptivo, con muestreo por conveniencia. Se realizó una encuesta de evaluación sociodemográfica y de condiciones de salud y se utilizó la escala del Medical Outcomes Study, con 16 cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis que permanecían durante la sesión. Resultados: se constató que el 93,8% de los cuidadores era del sexo femenino, con edad promedio de 45,7 años, casados, con dolor y problemas de salud, en tratamiento y, aun así, que no se sentían sobrecargados por tener que cuidar a alguien. Se verificó que la dimensión de la escala con la mayor media fue la afectiva, seguida de la material. La peor evaluación se refería a la dimensión emocional. Conclusión: conocer a los cuidadores familiares y evaluar el apoyo social percibido ayudar a proponer actividades que los fortalezcan y potencien su calidad de vida y, por consiguiente, la de los pacientes.
Tertiary dentine frequencies in extant great apes and fossil hominins
Authors: Towle Ian
Published: August 2018

Tertiary dentine forms when an odontoblast is directly affected by stimuli, commonly through occlusal wear. In this study the presence of tertiary dentine is recorded in three South African fossil hominin species (Australopithecus africanus, Homo naledi and Paranthropus robustus), and two extant great ape species (Gorilla gorilla gorilla and Pan troglodytes). Frequencies of tertiary dentine were calculated for each species based on macroscopic observations of teeth with dentine exposed through occlusal wear. Overall, the three hominin species have similar tertiary dentine frequencies ranging from 12% to 16.13%. In contrast, over 90% of gorilla teeth with dentine visible show tertiary dentine. Chimpanzees fall between these extremes with 47.21% of teeth affected. Species variances are not related to differences in occlusal wear. Instead, some species appear predisposed to produce tertiary dentine earlier and/or faster than other species. Therefore, tertiary dentine formation has the potential to provide useful information on fossil specimens. For example, the uniformly low rate of tertiary dentine formation in hominins may be due to thick enamel having a similar role in preventing loss of function of teeth, i.e., extending the life of a tooth. In contrast tertiary dentine is clearly an important mechanism for normal dental function in gorillas, and may have evolved to maintain sheering surfaces for masticating tough vegetation.
The role of Pitx2 and Pitx3 in muscle stem cells gives new insights into P38α MAP kinase and redox regulation of muscle regeneration
Authors: L'honoré Aurore , Commère Pierre-Henri , Negroni Elisa , Pallafacchina Giorgia , Friguet Bertrand , Drouin Jacques , Buckingham Margaret , Montarras Didier
Published: August 2018

Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on satellite cells. After injury these muscle stem cells exit quiescence, proliferate and differentiate to regenerate damaged fibres. We show that this progression is accompanied by metabolic changes leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using Pitx2/3 single and double mutant mice that provide genetic models of deregulated redox states, we demonstrate that moderate overproduction of ROS results in premature differentiation of satellite cells while high levels lead to their senescence and regenerative failure. Using the ROS scavenger, N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC), in primary cultures we show that a physiological increase in ROS is required for satellite cells to exit the cell cycle and initiate differentiation through the redox activation of p38α MAP kinase. Subjecting cultured satellite cells to transient inhibition of P38α MAP kinase in conjunction with NAC treatment leads to their rapid expansion, with striking improvement of their regenerative potential in grafting experiments.
The newly-arisen Devil facial tumour disease 2 (DFT2) reveals a mechanism for the emergence of a contagious cancer
Authors: Caldwell Alison , Coleby Rachel , Tovar Cesar , Stammnitz Maximilian R , Kwon Young Mi , Owen Rachel S , Tringides Marios , Murchison Elizabeth P , Skjødt Karsten , Thomas Gareth J , Kaufman Jim , Elliott Tim , Woods Gregory M , Siddle Hannah VT
Published: August 2018

Devil Facial Tumour 2 (DFT2) is a recently discovered contagious cancer circulating in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), a species which already harbours a more widespread contagious cancer, Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1). Here we show that in contrast to DFT1, DFT2 cells express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, demonstrating that loss of MHC is not necessary for the emergence of a contagious cancer. However, the most highly expressed MHC class I alleles in DFT2 cells are common among host devils or non-polymorphic, reducing immunogenicity in a population sharing these alleles. In parallel, MHC class I loss is emerging in vivo, thus DFT2 may be mimicking the evolutionary trajectory of DFT1. Based on these results we propose that contagious cancers may exploit partial histocompatibility between the tumour and host, but that loss of allogeneic antigens could facilitate widespread transmission of DFT2.
Stimulus vignetting and orientation selectivity in human visual cortex
Authors: Roth Zvi N , Heeger David J , Merriam Elisha P
Published: August 2018

Neural selectivity to orientation is one of the simplest and most thoroughly-studied cortical sensory features. Here, we show that a large body of research that purported to measure orientation tuning may have in fact been inadvertently measuring sensitivity to second-order changes in luminance, a phenomenon we term ‘vignetting'. Using a computational model of neural responses in primary visual cortex (V1), we demonstrate the impact of vignetting on simulated V1 responses. We then used the model to generate a set of predictions, which we confirmed with functional MRI experiments in human observers. Our results demonstrate that stimulus vignetting can wholly determine the orientation selectivity of responses in visual cortex measured at a macroscopic scale, and suggest a reinterpretation of a well-established literature on orientation processing in visual cortex.
The adhesion function of the sodium channel beta subunit (β1) contributes to cardiac action potential propagation
Authors: Veeraraghavan Rengasayee , Hoeker Gregory S , Alvarez-Laviada Anita , Hoagland Daniel , Wan Xiaoping , King D Ryan , Sanchez-Alonso Jose , Chen Chunling , Jourdan Jane , Isom Lori L , Deschenes Isabelle , Smyth James W , Gorelik Julia , Poelzing Steven , Gourdie Robert G
Published: August 2018

Computational modeling indicates that cardiac conduction may involve ephaptic coupling – intercellular communication involving electrochemical signaling across narrow extracellular clefts between cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that β1(SCN1B) –mediated adhesion scaffolds trans-activating NaV1.5 (SCN5A) channels within narrow (<30 nm) perinexal clefts adjacent to gap junctions (GJs), facilitating ephaptic coupling. Super-resolution imaging indicated preferential β1 localization at the perinexus, where it co-locates with NaV1.5. Smart patch clamp (SPC) indicated greater sodium current density (INa) at perinexi, relative to non-junctional sites. A novel, rationally designed peptide, βadp1, potently and selectively inhibited β1-mediated adhesion, in electric cell-substrate impedance sensing studies. βadp1 significantly widened perinexi in guinea pig ventricles, and selectively reduced perinexal INa, but not whole cell INa, in myocyte monolayers. In optical mapping studies, βadp1 precipitated arrhythmogenic conduction slowing. In summary, β1-mediated adhesion at the perinexus facilitates action potential propagation between cardiomyocytes, and may represent a novel target for anti-arrhythmic therapies.
Direct visualization of a native Wnt in vivo reveals that a long-range Wnt gradient forms by extracellular dispersal
Authors: Pani Ariel M , Goldstein Bob
Published: August 2018

Wnts are evolutionarily conserved signaling proteins with essential roles in development and disease that have often been thought to spread between cells and signal at a distance. However, recent studies have challenged this model, and whether long-distance extracellular Wnt dispersal occurs and is biologically relevant is debated. Understanding fundamental aspects of Wnt dispersal has been limited by challenges with observing endogenous ligands in vivo, which has prevented directly testing hypotheses. Here, we have generated functional, fluorescently tagged alleles for a C. elegans Wnt homolog and for the first time visualized a native, long-range Wnt gradient in a living animal. Live imaging of Wnt along with source and responding cell membranes provided support for free, extracellular dispersal. By limiting Wnt transfer between cells, we confirmed that extracellular spreading shapes a long-range gradient and is critical for neuroblast migration. These results provide direct evidence that Wnts spread extracellularly to regulate aspects of long-range signaling.
Mediações na comunicação hospitalar em uma Região de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Hoss Lídia Schwantes , Felippi Ângela Cristina Trevisan
Published: August 2018

Nesse artigo se analisa o processo de produção da comunicação hospitalar numa Região de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de conhecer a concepção que orienta as práticas de comunicação externa dos hospitais, com vistas a compreender, a partir da produção comunicacional, como a política pública de saúde se materializa nos territórios. Aqui, a comunicação dentro da cultura é compreendida como um processo e, assim, sensível a mediações. A partir do mapa das mediações de Jesús Martín-Barbero, foram estudados os momentos das “lógicas de produção” e dos “produtos industriais” com observância das mediações da “institucionalidade” e da “tecnicidade”. A pesquisa tem natureza qualitativa e valeu-se dos estudos culturais, da teoria das mediações, dos estudos de comunicação pública e de território como referenciais teóricos. Questionário, entrevistas, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental foram os instrumentos utilizados. A partir da análise verificou-se a dualidade entre as práticas comunicacionais hospitalares, oscilando entre uma comunicação de caráter efetivamente público e outra, com ênfase à divulgação e venda de serviços privados de saúde, indicando que política de saúde pública se concretiza nos territórios a partir de suas particularidades.
Assessing Mountains as Natural Reservoirs With a Multimetric Framework
Authors: Rhoades Alan M. , Jones Andrew D. , Ullrich Paul A.
Published: August 2018

Anthropogenic climate change will continue to diminish the unique role that mountains perform as natural reservoirs and alter long‐held assumptions of water management. Climate models are important tools to help constrain uncertainty and understand processes that shape this decline. To ensure that climate model estimates provide stakeholder relevant information, the formulation of multimetric model evaluation frameworks informed by stakeholder interactions are critical. In this study, we present one such multimetric framework to evaluate snowpack data sets in the California Sierra Nevada: the snow water equivalent (SWE) triangle. SWE triangle metrics help to describe snowpack characteristics associated with total water volume buildup, peak water availability, and the rate of water release. This approach highlights compensating errors that would not be reflected in conventional large‐scale spatiotemporal analysis. To test our multimetric evaluation framework, we evaluate several publicly available snow products including the Sierra Nevada Snow Reanalysis, Livneh (L15), and the North American Land Data Assimilation System version 2 data sets. We then evaluate regional climate model skill within the North American Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment. All data sets analyzed show variation across the various SWE triangle metrics, even within observationally constrained snow products. This spread was especially shown in spring season melt rates. Melt rate biases were prevalent throughout most regional climate model simulations, regardless of snow accumulation dynamics, and will need to be addressed to improve their utility for water stakeholders.
Coherent Systems
Authors: Neath Ronald C. , Neath Andrew A.
Published: August 2018

A system is a collection of components, each of which is either working or in failure; in turn the system itself is either working or in failure. A system is said to be coherent if each working component is beneficial to the system. In this article, the reader is introduced to some properties of coherent systems.
MonteCarlo Simulation, Automatic Stopping Criteria For
Authors: Hickernell Fred J. , Choi Sou‐Cheng T. , Jiang Lan , Jiménez Rugama Lluís Antoni
Published: August 2018

Monte Carlo simulation is a numerical method that estimates the means of random variables and multidimensional integrals. This method returns the arithmetic average of function values observed at a finite number,n, of well‐chosen nodes. One may wish to know when a simulation can be stopped while satisfying a user‐specified error criterion. This entry summarizes some algorithms that choosenautomatically.
Statistical Network Surveillance
Authors: Jeske Daniel R. , Stevens Nathaniel T. , Wilson James D. , Tartakovsky Alexander G.
Published: August 2018

The termnetwork surveillanceis defined, and the statistical methodologies that can be used as tools for network surveillance are discussed. Three examples of network surveillance are used to illustrate the diversity of contexts where the term can apply. Common to all network surveillance applications is a desire to identify the anomalous patterns in time‐varying network characteristics, such as traffic profiles, communication patterns, and fraud. As in traditional statistical process monitoring, the goal is to detect the anomalies with minimal delay while also controlling false alarms. A significant challenge associated with designing a network surveillance algorithm is how to handle monitoring streams that exhibit nonstationary behavior and have complex correlation structures. Even deciding what characteristic(s) to monitor can be a nontrivial decision.
Double Robustness
Authors: Daniel Rhian M.
Published: August 2018

Double robustness is a prevalent topic in current statistical thinking, especially in causal inference and missing data methods. The most popular class of doubly robust (DR) estimators – known aslocally efficient augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) estimators– possess additional properties, linked to but distinct from double robustness, which lead to tractable statistical inferences and other attractive features.

In this article, we start by briefly introducing the concepts of nuisance models and multiple (double) robustness, before turning to a particular setting for a more formal introduction, namely that of estimating a population mean from incomplete data. For this setting, we describe the DR AIPW estimator and discuss the other properties alluded to above as well as double robustness itself. We then show how this setting is more general than it might seem at first sight, before going on to discuss many extensions, both to more complex settings and to recently developed improved DR estimation strategies.
Estimation of Half‐Life Periods in Nonlinear Data
Authors: Mayer Benjamin , Peter Raphael S.
Published: August 2018

Half‐life periods, that is, the amount of time which passes by until the maximally measured concentration of a specific substance of interest is halved, are standard outcomes, for example, in pharmacological or toxicological examinations. A particular characteristic of such time‐dependent concentration measurements is a nonlinear data pattern. Estimating half‐life periods therefore is a two‐stage process, requiring first the application of complex mathematical models to the data, from which a model‐based estimation of the half‐life time is subsequently derived. This article describes the general proceeding of this two‐stage process and presents the most common mathematical models to be used. Specifically, fractional polynomials and generalized additive models are introduced shortly. Moreover, a numerical approach is presented which enables to find the estimate of interest finally. An example application is given along with some useful notes on available software.
Count Time Series Analysis
Authors: Weiß Christian H.
Published: August 2018

Count time series are discrete‐valued time series having a quantitative range consisting of nonnegative integers. In addition to standard methods from real‐valued time series analysis, several tailor‐made approaches have been developed for analyzing these time series, including tools for checking model adequacy and techniques for coherent forecasting. Models for real‐valued time series cannot be used for count time series; classes of models for these discrete data are briefly surveyed.
Electrical Writing onto a Dynamically Responsive Polysaccharide Medium: Patterning Structure and Function into a Reconfigurable Medium
Authors: Wu Si , Yan Kun , Zhao Yanan , Tsai Cheng‐Chieh , Shen Jana , Bentley William E. , Chen Yun , Deng Hongbing , Du Yumin , Payne Gregory F. , Shi Xiaowen
Published: August 2018

Historically, paper is the medium to write information. Here, the concept of writing is expanded from the addition of mass (i.e., ink) onto a static polysaccharide medium (i.e., paper), to the addition of electrical energy to a dynamically reconfigurable polysaccharide medium. Specifically, a dual‐responsive interpenetrating polysaccharide network is used as a dynamic medium. Electrical writing is achieved using an electrode pen to locally perform the cathodic electrolysis reactions that generate high‐pH regions that neutralize the interpenetrating chitosan chains and induce their self‐assembly into crystalline regions. Surprisingly, the gradients in structure induced by cathodic writing are stable even after the pH gradient has dissipated. Molecular modeling indicates that this stability results from structure‐induced changes in chitosan's pKa. Various experimental approaches demonstrate that the changes in structure generated by cathodic writing alter the medium's mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. Importantly, the structure and information imparted into the film is reversible allowing the medium to be erased and new information to be written. Broadly, this work demonstrates the use of top‐down electrical inputs to induce bottom‐up structural changes in a biopolymer‐based medium and these structural changes fundamentally alter how this medium interacts chemically and biologically with its environment.
Tuning the Intrinsic Properties of Carbon Nitride for High Quantum Yield Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Z. , Davey Kenneth , Mullins C. Buddie
Published: August 2018

The low quantum yield of photocatalytic hydrogen production in carbon nitride (CN) has been improved upon via the modulation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic properties of the material. Although the modification of extrinsic properties has been widely investigated in the past, recently there has been growing interest in the alteration of intrinsic properties. Refining the intrinsic properties of CN provides flexibility in controlling the charge transport and selectivity in photoredox reactions, and therefore makes available a pathway toward superior photocatalytic performance. An analysis of recent progress in tuning the intrinsic photophysical properties of CN facilitates an assessment of the goals, achievements, and gaps. This article is intended to serve this purpose. Therefore, selected techniques and mechanisms of the tuning of intrinsic properties of CN are critically discussed here. This article concludes with a recommendation of the issues that need to be considered for the further enhancement in the quantum efficiency of CN photocatalysts.
Direct Solar‐to‐Electrochemical Energy Storage in a Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Lv Jiangquan , Tan Yan‐Xi , Xie Jiafang , Yang Rui , Yu Muxin , Sun Shanshan , Li Ming‐De , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Yaobing
Published: August 2018

A covalent organic framework integrating naphthalenediimide and triphenylamine units (NT‐COF) is presented. Two‐dimensional porous nanosheets are packed with a high specific surface area of 1276 m2 g−1. Photo/electrochemical measurements reveal the ultrahigh efficient intramolecular charge transfer from the TPA to the NDI and the highly reversible electrochemical reaction in NT‐COF. There is a synergetic effect in NT‐COF between the reversible electrochemical reaction and intramolecular charge transfer with enhanced solar energy efficiency and an accelerated electrochemical reaction. This synergetic mechanism provides the key basis for direct solar‐to‐electrochemical energy conversion/storage. With the NT‐COF as the cathode materials, a solar Li‐ion battery is realized with decreased charge voltage (by 0.5 V), increased discharge voltage (by 0.5 V), and extra 38.7 % battery efficiency.
Alkyl Chain Introduction: In Situ Solar‐Renewable Colorful Organic Mechanoluminescence Materials
Authors: Li Wenlang , Huang Qiuyi , Mao Zhu , Li Qi , Jiang Long , Xie Zongliang , Xu Rui , Yang Zhiyong , Zhao Juan , Yu Tao , Zhang Yi , Aldred Matthew P. , Chi Zhenguo
Published: August 2018

Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials are environmentally friendly and emit light by utilizing mechanical energy. This has been utilized in light sources, displays, bioimaging, and advanced sensors. Organic ML materials are strongly limited to application by in situ unrepeatable ML. Now, in situ solar‐renewable organic ML materials can be formed by introducing a soft alkyl chain into an ML unit. For the first time, the ML from these polycrystalline thin films can be iteratively produced by simply recrystallizing the fractured crystal in situ after a contactless exposure to sunlight within a short time (≤60 s). Additionally, their ML color and lifetime can be also easily tuned by doping with organic luminescent dyes. Therefore, large‐area sandwich‐type organic ML devices can be fabricated, which can be repeatedly used in a colorful piezo‐display, visual handwriting monitor, and sensitive optical sensor, showing a lowest pressure threshold for ML of about 5 kPa.
Oesophagectomy with or without supraclavicular lymphadenectomy after neoadjuvant treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus
Authors: Mine S , Watanabe M , Kumagai K , Okamura A , Yamashita K , Hayami M , Yuda M , Imamura Y , Ishizuka N
Published: August 2018

Background

Treatment of supraclavicular nodes remains controversial among patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This study assessed the outcomes of patients who underwent oesophagectomy with or without supraclavicular lymphadenectomy after neoadjuvant treatment.

Methods

This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and clinically negative supraclavicular nodes who underwent oesophagectomy after neoadjuvant treatment between January 2005 and December 2015 were included. Overall and relapse-free survival were compared between patients who did or did not undergo supraclavicular nodal dissection. Propensity score matching was used to correct for differences in prognostic factors between the groups.

Results

Some 223 patients underwent supraclavicular lymphadenectomy. The prevalence of pathologically confirmed supraclavicular metastasis was 10·3 per cent, and these patients had poor 5-year relapse-free (7 per cent) and overall (14 per cent) survival. Only two of 55 patients who did not undergo supraclavicular lymphadenectomy had recurrent disease in the supraclavicular region without distant metastasis. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·61 to 1·47; P = 0·821) or overall survival (HR 0·86, 0·52 to 1·40; P = 0·544). Similarly, no significant difference in relapse-free or overall survival was observed between the propensity score-matched groups.

Conclusion

For patients with clinically negative supraclavicular lymph nodes, prophylactic supraclavicular lymphadenectomy may be omitted when neoadjuvant treatment is administered.
Lanthanide Coordination Polymers and MOFs based on the Dicyanodihydridoborate Anion
Authors: Zottnick Sven H. , Daul Wiebke G. , Kerpen Christoph , Finze Maik , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: August 2018

New lanthanide cyanoborates were synthesized from anhydrous lanthanide chlorides and the acid H[BH2(CN)2] in either acetonitrile or pyridine. Reactions in acetonitrile lead to three‐dimensional, anionic metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) 3∞[Ln2{BH2(CN)2}9]⋅[Ln(CH3CN)9] (Ln=Ce, Eu, Tb) which incorporate complex cations [Ln(CH3CN)9]3+ in the pores of the framework for charge compensation. In contrast, the reactions in pyridine result in the formation of one‐dimensional coordination polymers 1∞[H(py)2][LnCl2{BH2(CN)2}2(py)2]⋅0.5 py (Ln=Ce, Pr, py=pyridine) with [H(py)2]+ as counter ions for the anionic strand structure. The products show intense photoluminescence, for Ce3+ based on 5d–4f transitions in the blue spectral region, whereas the Eu3+ and Tb3+ compounds exhibit characteristic photoluminescence based on 4f–4f transitions of the respective lanthanide ions. The observed photoluminescence is mainly attributed to a direct excitation of the lanthanide ions and sensitization of the lanthanide ions by the [BH2(CN)2]− anions. These results mark the utilized borate anions as versatile building block for new coordination compounds.
Chiral separation and determination of amino acid enantiomers in fruit juice by open‐tubular nano liquid chromatography
Authors: Aydoğan Cemil
Published: August 2018

A novel chiral porous‐layer stationary phase was developed for use in open‐tubular nano liquid chromatography. The stationary phase was prepared by an in‐situ polymerization of 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropylmethacrylate (HPMA‐Cl) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). The reactive chloro groups at the surface of the porous stationary phase were reacted with β‐Cyclodextrin (β‐CD). The resulting morphology was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The chromatographic performance of the column was evaluated by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Amino acids were used as test solutes. The running buffer conditions for the enantioseparation were found to be 85% acetonitrile (ACN):10%MeOH: 5% H2O at 0.1% v/v trifluoro acetic acid (TFA) (flow rate: 800 nL/min). The enantioseparation provided high theoretical plate numbers up to 26 000 platesm−1. A good retention capacity within satisfactory retention times was also achieved. Real sample applicability of this column to the separation of amino acid enantiomers in fruit juice sample was demonstrated.
Tumor Drug Penetration Measurements Could Be the Neglected Piece of the Personalized Cancer Treatment Puzzle
Authors: Bartelink Imke H. , Jones Ella F. , Shahidi‐Latham Sheerin K. , Lee Pei Rong Evelyn , Zheng Yanan , Vicini Paolo , van ‘t Veer Laura , Wolf Denise , Iagaru Andrei , Kroetz Deanna L. , Prideaux Brendan , Cilliers Cornelius , Thurber Greg M. , Wimana Zena , Gebhart Geraldine
Published: August 2018

Precision medicine aims to use patient genomic, epigenomic, specific drug dose, and other data to define disease patterns that may potentially lead to an improved treatment outcome. Personalized dosing regimens based on tumor drug penetration can play a critical role in this approach. State‐of‐the‐art techniques to measure tumor drug penetration focus on systemic exposure, tissue penetration, cellular or molecular engagement, and expression of pharmacological activity. Using in silico methods, this information can be integrated to bridge the gap between the therapeutic regimen and the pharmacological link with clinical outcome. These methodologies are described, and challenges ahead are discussed. Supported by many examples, this review shows how the combination of these techniques provides enhanced patient‐specific information on drug accessibility at the tumor tissue level, target binding, and downstream pharmacology. Our vision of how to apply tumor drug penetration measurements offers a roadmap for the clinical implementation of precision dosing.
How diversified fuel‐fired power enterprises keep their competitive advantages to reach sustainable development
Authors: Xu Xin‐Long , Sun Conghao , Chen Hsing Hung
Published: August 2018

To decrease carbon emissions, there are three major methods, including developing renewable and clean energy, reducing energy intensity, and decreasing economic growth. However, China has set its economic growth at an annual rate of above 7.2% between 2000 and 2020. Therefore, to achieve the goal of carbon reduction, China will rely more on the development of renewable and clean energy. Conventional fuel‐fired power companies should synthesize economic, political, environmental, and technological factors and implement the most profitable renewable and clean energy projects. To gain a sustainable competitive advantage, diversified projects with persistent profits can theoretically change the industrial structure and the competitive rules. This article studies the relationship between diversification and economic performance. The results show that diversification in conventional fuel‐fired power companies is positively correlated with economic performance. Based on the results, this article proposes a diversification development direction and suggestions. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 137–142, 2019
A fundamental equation for describing the rate of bedrock erosion by sediment‐laden fluid flows in fluvial, coastal, and aeolian environments
Authors: Sunamura Tsuguo
Published: August 2018

A major physical process shaping bedrock landforms in fluvial, coastal, and aeolian environments is abrasion by sediment‐carrying fluid flows. A unifying formula to describe the rate of abrasion occurring in these environments has not been presented, the exploration of which is the purpose of this study. Considering the threshold concept the formulation is made including erosivity of fluid flows and erodibility of bedrock. The formula is described as dΓ/dt=C[(FA/FR) – 1], whereΓis the amount of erosion, i.e. eroded length (distance), volume, mass, or weight,tis the time, dΓ/dtis the erosion rate,FA(=Ax [fluid force]) is the assailing force of sediment‐laden fluid flows used as an index of the flow erosivity,FR(=Bx [bedrock strength]) is the resisting force representing the bedrock erodibility,Cis a coefficient with the same unit as that of dΓ/dt, andAandBare dimensionless coefficients. The equation is confirmed by existing laboratory abrasion data and its applicability is examined using existing laboratory data of fluvial and aeolian abrasion experiments and field data from a coastal area. Examinations applying fluvial and aeolian abrasion data indicate that the coefficientCis found to represent the amount of sediment working as abrasives in fluid flows and the hardness of sediment relative to bedrock; andAis presented to reflect the particle size of the sediment. The coefficientBis a conversion factor from conventional mechanical strength of rocks to the resisting force. Selecting appropriate physical quantities forFAandFRenables the application of this equation to abrasion studies on various landforms in these environments. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of butenolides by reactions of 3‐alkenoic acids with diphenyl sulfoxide/oxalyl chloride
Authors: Ding Rui , Li Yaxi , Liu Yongguo , Sun Baoguo , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu
Published: August 2018

Butenolides are of high interest as potential flavouring compounds. Efficient and general methods for the production of these compounds remain to be developed. A series of butenolides were prepared starting from 3‐alkenoic acids with diphenyl sulfoxide/oxalyl chloride, followed by treatment with bases. The 3‐alkenoic acids with alkyl substitutents on the double bond were converted into the corresponding 2‐butenolides with yields of greater than 77%, whereas those with aryl groups on the double bond produced the corresponding 3‐butenolides with yields of about 80%. The butenolides were produced by β eliminations of the corresponding chlorolactones, which were generated from the chlorolactonization of 3‐alkenoic acids. The chlorodiphenylsulfonium salt produced from the reaction between diphenyl sulfoxide and oxalyl chloride was supposed to be the chlorinating reagent for the chlorolactonization. This is a very simple and convenient method for the preparation of butenolides.
Commercial Interests, the Technological Imperative, and Advocates: Three Forces Driving Genomic Sequencing in Newborns
Authors: Pereira Stacey , Clayton Ellen Wright
Published: August 2018

While the NSIGHT program was driven by a desire to define and gather data about both the benefits and harms of introducing genomic sequencing into the care of newborns, it remains to be seen how much influence these data will have in shaping the use of this technology in newborns. Ultimately, three additional forces—commercial interests, the technological imperative, and advocates—may play a significant role in shaping the use of sequencing in newborns. Policy‐makers and clinicians should be aware of the effects of these additional forces when considering the appropriate use of this technology in clinical practice and public health screening programs.
Epistemic layers in development planning: A case study of the health sector in the Gunungkidul District, Indonesia
Authors: Purwaningrum Farah , Short Stephanie Doris
Published: August 2018

The paper analyses how knowledge systems and epistemic cultures contribute to development planning through conduct of a microqualitative sociological case study of the health sector in Indonesia. The data were attained from 37 in‐depth interviews and a stakeholder engagement workshop conducted in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, complemented with documentary media analysis. Our findings show that centralisation continues to exist in the development planning practice within the decentralisation era. This is shown through dependence on budget prescriptions and indicators from the centre in Jakarta. Further, this study demonstrates how the integration of indicators in the development planning process is hampered by myopic practices of government officials at the district level where there is evidence of an absence of verified knowledge in the Health Bureau of the District of Gunungkidul. Furthermore, there is dependence on data and information from volunteers in the Health Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) at the local village level. This study reveals, therefore, that development planning operates at three levels, yet with different knowledge systems and epistemic cultures at each level: central, district, and village.