bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Analysis of the Clinical Effect and Application of Acupuncture Treatment for Shoulder Pain Disorders in Adults
Authors: Margapandu Murukesu M
Published: February 2023

The study’s objective is to evaluate the clinical effect and application of acupuncture treatment for shoulder pain disorders in terms of effectiveness and safety. A narrative review of RCTs in which acupuncture was used as an intervention for patients with shoulder pain disorders (SPD) was conducted. All randomised controlled trials that evaluate the effects of acupuncture for shoulder pain disorders compared with controls were included. The primary outcomes were pain and shoulder function. Based on the inclusive and exclusive criteria, 22 randomised control trials involving 1801 participants that evaluated the effects of acupuncture for various shoulder pain disorders were retrieved from various databases, and the intervention and results were examined. Eleven studies found that acupuncture treatment had significantly greater effects when compared with other therapies or treatments. Nine studies showed that, when combined with other therapies or treatments, the acupuncture group showed a better therapeutic effect than the therapy group itself. The results also show that acupuncture treatment can produce the same therapeutic effects as physical therapy, manual therapy, the uses of tropical NSAIDs, oral medications, and corticosteroid injections. No serious adverse events were observed. The findings indicated that acupuncture could be a safe and effective treatment for shoulder pain disorders by reducing pain and restoring shoulder functions. The results are consistent with those of past literature reviews. Although there is some evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for shoulder pain disorders, the level of evidence is still low. Due to several limitations and heterogeneity, the results are inconclusive, and therefore the findings need to be interpreted with caution. Future large-scale studies should be more rigorous and well-designed RCTs with high-quality studies, a longer study duration with more subjects, an ideal standardised treatment regimen, and transparent reporting. Keywords: Acupuncture, Shoulder pain, Shoulder disorders, Acupuncture safety, Alternatives therapies, Traditional Chinese medicine, Pain relief.
Modelling Geographic Accessibility of Primary Health Care Facilities in Bauchi Local Government Area
Authors: Bello Isah Mohammed
Published: February 2023

Achieving universal health care (UHC) coverage has been at the forefront of the United Nations (UN) agenda for 2030. Inequality in health care service provision continues to increase, hence militating against the achievement of reducing unequal access to health care. Access is a critical component of the healthcare delivery system that is impacted by both spatial and non-spatial elements. This study utilized health facilities, population, and other open-source data to analyze the distribution and spatial accessibility of healthcare service centers by using Geospatial technologies in the Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State - Nigeria. Two traveling scenarios (Driving and Walking) were used to determine the travel time to the nearest health facilities, defined within a maximum of 30 minutes traveling time using AccessMod (Online) and ArcGIS Pro. It was found that 87% and 75% of the population are within 15 and 30 minutes of travel time by driving and walking, respectively, while 1.3% of the population are outside a 15 km radius of any health facility with a ratio of 1 to 4,454 population to a health facility. The result shows a significant spatial disparity in geographic accessibility and spatial coverage, with some parts of the rural areas not having access to the existing health facility network, regardless of the travel scenario chosen. This will offer an innovative approach to reducing gaps in healthcare access and subsequently enhance the efficient and effective delivery of healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to achieve UHC. Keywords: AccessMod, Bauchi Local Government Area, Geographic Accessibility, Health Facilities, Spatial Coverage, Universal Health Coverage.
THE IMAGE OF THE OTHER: THE DISTINCTIVE SIGN OF THE JEWS IN MEDIEVAL GERMANY (13th-16th CENTURIES)
Authors: Baiduzh Dmitrii V. , Medvedeva Victoriia O.
Published: February 2023

This paper studies the special distinguishing sign of the Jews in the Germany during the 13th-16th centuries. Since early 12th c., Europe saw a large-scale process of rethinking the place of existing social groups and the emergence of new ones, clearly expressed by a set of iconic practices. The legitimization of the Jews’ emblems is its direct consequence. Using semiotic analysis, the authors consider visual signs in written and pictorial sources of various types as elements within the framework of a common sign system, as well as reveal the specifics of emblematic manifestations characteristic of Jewish identity. Most often, the signs were yellow and round. In Germany, the signs were used quite late relative to other European countries. In addition, Jews in Germany were in a better position because they depended on the emperor, and political decentralization had an impact on it. The authors conclude that the church prescription for Jews to wear specific signs was explained by the processes of streamlining the social organization of the Christian world. Finally, the authors state that the emblems were part of two strategies: the distinction between Jews and Christians, and the integration of Jews into the medieval urban space. In addition, the emblems could be a means of defamation or a positive, neutral sign.
Анализ нарративной идентичности как способ исследования кризиса взрослости
Authors: Саркисян Елизавета Р. , Суворова Ирина Ю.
Published: February 2023

Введение. Статья посвящена применению анализа нарративной идентичности к исследованию структуры эго-идентичности людей, переживающих кризис взрослости. Анализ нарративной идентичности до сих пор применялся для исследования формирования эго-идентичности подростков; в качестве исследования структуры эго-идентичности людей, переживающих кризис взрослости, он применяется впервые. Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 80 человек (40 мужчин и 40 женщин, 35–45 лет). Анализ нарративной идентичности выполнялся по алгоритму М. Сейда и С. Нельсона. Надежность получившегося инструментария Каппа k = 0,69, что является достаточным показателем. Количественные показатели различия структуры нарративной идентичности вычислялись с помощью хи-квадрата Пирсона, а качественные – с помощью иерархического кластерного анализа. Результаты. В результате исследования различий в переживании кризиса взрослости между мужчинами и женщинами выявлено не было. Тем не менее, были выявлены количественные различия в нарративной идентичности людей, не переживавших кризис взрослости, переживающих острых кризис и переживших его в недалеком прошлом. Качественные различия показали, что три структуры отличаются между собой степенью погружения в противоречия и погружением в тяжелые эмоциональные состояния, связанные с ними. Обсуждение результатов. Выявленное в ходе исследования отсутствие отличий в переживании кризиса между мужчинами и женщинами противоречит устоявшемуся мнению о том, что кризисы женщин связаны с семейными циклами. Мы предполагаем, что причиной этому может быть 30-летняя разница в полученных данных. Качественные и количественные различия в группах, пребывающих на разных стадиях переживания кризиса, нашли подтверждение как в эмпирических данных, полученных другими авторами, так и в психологической теории.
Взаимосвязь использования социальных сетей с удовлетворенностью жизнью и одиночеством у подростков
Authors: Корниенко Дмитрий С. , Чурсина Аполлинария В. , Калимуллин Айдар М. , Семенов Юрий И.
Published: February 2023

Введение. Активное использование социальных сетей оказывает как позитивное, так и негативное влияние на психологическое благополучие. В последнее время тенденцией в исследованиях связей психологического благополучия и использования социальных сетей является учет различных факторов, таких как личностные черты, мотивы использования. Актуальным является вопрос о том, как связаны формальные характеристики использования социальных сетей, характеристики психологического благополучия и интенсивность включения социальных сетей в ежедневную активность подростков. Новизна работы заключается в изучении опосредующей роли одиночества в связях удовлетворенности жизнью и использования социальных сетей, что имеет особое значение для подростков как активных пользователей. Цель данного исследования – анализ связей между удовлетворенностью жизнью, одиночеством и интеграцией социальных сетей (медиа) в ежедневную активность, а также формальными параметрами использования социальных сетей. Методы. Выборку исследования составил 391 подросток в возрасте от 13 до 18 лет. Диагностировались формальные характеристики использования социальных сетей (время, проводимое в социальной сети, количество социальных сетей и количество друзей в социальных сетях). Также использовались: «Шкала интеграции социальных медиа» (M. A. Jenkins-Guarnieri et al.), «Шкала удовлетворенности жизнью» (Э. Динер; адаптация Д. А. Леонтьева, Е. Н. Осина) и «Трехпунктовая шкала одиночества» (A. Sirola et al.). Результаты. Удовлетворенность жизнью снижается, а переживание одиночества усиливается при более высокой интеграции социальных сетей в ежедневную активность подростка. Формальные характеристики вносят небольшой вклад в удовлетворенность жизнью и одиночество. Одиночество и удовлетворенность жизнью опосредуют взаимные связи с интеграцией социальных сетей в ежедневную активность. Обсуждение результатов. В целом, стремление уйти от одиночества за счет активного использования социальных сетей (медиа) усиливает неудовлетворенность жизнью, причем данный эффект сильнее выражен для девушек.
Ценностные ориентации как предикторы значимости привлекательного внешнего облика в дружеских и романтических отношениях
Authors: Лабунская Вера А. , Гура Оксана Р.
Published: February 2023

Введение. Анализ факторов повышения/снижения значимости привлекательного ВО привел к выводу о необходимости изучения ценностно-ориентационных предикторов. Цель – определение иерархии интенсивностей воздействия ценностных ориентаций (ЦО) на уровни значимости привлекательного ВО в межличностных отношениях: дружеских и романтических. Новизна исследования заключается в изучении ценностно-ориентационной регуляции различных уровней значимости привлекательного ВО. Проверялись гипотезы: 1) о гендерных и возрастных различиях в уровнях значимости привлекательного ВО (критерий Манна – Уитни); 2) об иерархии интенсивностей воздействия ЦО на уровень значимости привлекательного ВО в различных видах межличностных отношений (множественный регрессионный анализ). Методы. 1. Анкета «Значимость ВО в различных сферах жизнедеятельности» (В. А. Лабунская, Г. В. Сериков). 2. Модифицированный вариант опросника С. С. Бубновой «Диагностика реальной структуры ЦО личности». Российская выборка – 172 человека (18–25 лет, Мвозр. = 20,1), принадлежащих к подгруппам: 1) 18–20 лет (113 человек, 57 % мужчин); 2) 21–25 лет (59 человек, ~36 %мужчин). Результаты. Мужчины с переходом в возрастную группу 21–25 лет существенно повышают значимость привлекательного ВО для романтических отношений. Женщины демонстрируют уровень значимости привлекательного ВО независимо от вида межличностных отношений. Иерархия интенсивностей воздействия ЦО на значимость привлекательного ВО следующая: 1) ЦО на признание, уважение, влияние на окружающих; ЦО на привлекательный ВО; 2) ЦО на социальную активность, на высокий социальный статус и управление людьми; 3) ЦО на материальное благополучие; ЦО на поиск и наслаждение прекрасным. Обсуждение результатов. Сравнительно-иерархический анализ воздействия ЦО на значимость привлекательного ВО в межличностных отношениях не имеет аналогов в психологии ВО. Исследовательский вклад заключается в изучении воздействия совокупности ЦО, уровней значимости привлекательного ВО и видов межличностных отношений.
Социально-психологические факторы и особенности субъективного переживания одиночества в студенческом возрасте
Authors: Андронникова Ольга О.
Published: February 2023

Введение. В статье анализируется многомерный по видам и содержанию субъективный конструкт – переживание одиночества у студентов вуза. Расширено представление о двойственном характере одиночества как одновременно негативного состояния, ресурса, актуализирующего социальные связи испытуемых, и потребностного состояния, направленного на познание себя. Определен компонентный состав одиночества, представленный тремя ортогональными факторами. Отмечено, что специфика переживания одиночества и факторы, его детерминирующие, будут влиять на эффективность учебной деятельности и адаптации, приводя к обесцениванию стоящих задач или саморазвитию и самосовершенствованию студента. Методы. Использовались: «Методика диагностики уровня субъективного ощущения одиночества» Д. Рассела и М. Фергюсона; «Дифференциальный опросник переживания одиночества» Е. Н. Осина, Д. А. Леонтьева; «Методика диагностики самооценки тревожности» Ч. Д. Спилбергера – Ю. Л. Ханина; «Шкала самооценки депрессии Цунга»; анкета Г. Р. Шагивалеевой, «Методика оценки коммуникативных и организаторских способностей личности» (КОС-I); методика «Определение копинг-поведения в стрессовых ситуациях» CISS (авторы – С. Норман, Д. Ф. Эндлер, Д. А. Джеймс, М. И. Паркер). Дизайн исследования предполагал определение интегральных факторов одиночества (факторный анализ), с последующим расчетом для каждого респондента z-оценки и выявлением влияния дополнительных факторов. При помощи критерия U Манна – Уитни и критерия х² выявлена разница в переживании одиночества в зависимости от пола, национальности, места проживания. Результаты и их обсуждение. Факторный анализ позволил выделить компонентный состав одиночества, представленный тремя интегральными переменными: депрессивное переживание одиночества, позитивное переживание одиночества, переживание одиночества в межличностных отношениях. Определено содержательное наполнение каждого типа переживания одиночества и его социально-психологические детерминанты. Среди личностных факторов переживания одиночества выделены личностная тревожность, депрессивность, перфекционизм, копинг-стратегии. Значимыми факторами социально-психологической природы выступили пол, место первичного проживания, национальная принадлежность. Подтвержден двойственный характер переживания одиночества.
A Mini-review Based on Multivesicular Liposomes: Composition, Design,
Preparation, Characteristics, and Therapeutic Importance as DEPOFOAM® Technology
Authors: Sreelaya Putrevu , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: February 2023

Vesicular delivery systems are a kind of drug delivery system that is gaining popularity
due to its sustained release nature. This article was designed to understand the characteristics of a
drug carrier called multivesicular liposomes, which have the potential to be the future of sustainedrelease
drug delivery systems. Multivesicular liposomes have a honeycomb-like structure made up
of non-concentric aqueous polyhedral compartments separated by continuous lipid membranes.
Because of their unusual structure, they can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic pharmaceuticals
and release them in a prolonged and controlled manner. They also have high encapsulation
efficiency, bioavailability, biocompatibility, and stability, and are biodegradable by nature, making
them suitable for treating chronic disorders. Encapsulating drugs into multivesicular liposomes is
called DepoFoam® technology, which has the capability to release them in a timely manner, lowering
the drug administration frequency. As a result, the FDA has approved several various approaches
for this technology to treat chronic conditions. Multivesicular liposomes in the form of
DepoFoam® technology hold a promising future as a novel drug delivery system. Much research
needs to be done to extend their use across various aspects of the therapeutic field.
Italian Guidelines for the Management of Non-Functioning Benign and
Locally Symptomatic Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Papini Enrico , Crescenzi Anna , D'Amore Annamaria , Deandrea Maurilio , De Benedictis Anna , Frasoldati Andrea , Garberoglio Roberto , Guglielmi Rinaldo , Pio Lombardi Celestino , Mauri Giovanni , Elisa Miceli Rosa , Puglisi Soraya , Rago Teresa , Salvatore Domenico , Triggiani Vincenzo , Van Doorne Dominique , Mitrova Zuzana , Saulle Rosella , Vecchi Simona , Basile Michele , Scoppola Alessandro , Paoletta Agostino , Persichetti Agnese , Samperi Irene , Cozzi Renato , Grimaldi Franco , Boniardi Marco , Camaioni Angelo , Elisei Rossella , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Nati Giulio , Novo Tommaso , Salvatori Massimo , Spiezia Stefano , Vallone Gianfranco , Zini Michele , Attanasio Roberto
Published: February 2023

Aim:

This guideline (GL) is aimed at providing a reference for the management of non-functioning, benign thyroid nodules causing local symptoms in adults outside of pregnancy.

Methods:

This GL has been developed following the methods described in the Manual of the National Guideline System. For each question, the panel appointed by Associazione Medici Endocrinology(AME) identified potentially relevant outcomes, which were then rated for their impact on therapeutic choices. Only outcomes classified as “critical” and “important” were considered in the systematic review of evidence and only those classified as “critical” were considered in the formulation of recommendations.

Results:

The present GL contains recommendations about the respective roles of surgery and minimally invasive treatments
for the management of benign symptomatic thyroid nodules. We suggest hemithyroidectomy plus isthmectomy
as the first-choice surgical treatment, provided that clinically significant disease is not present in the contralateral thyroid
lobe. Total thyroidectomy should be considered for patients with clinically significant disease in the contralateral
thyroid lobe. We suggest considering thermo-ablation as an alternative option to surgery for patients with a symptomatic,
solid, benign, single, or dominant thyroid nodule. These recommendations apply to outpatients, either in primary
care or when referred to specialists.

Conclusion:

The present GL is directed to endocrinologists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists working in hospitals, in territorial services, or private practice, general practitioners, and patients. The available data suggest that the implementation of this GL recommendations will result in the progressive reduction of surgical procedures for benign thyroid nodular disease, with a decreased number of admissions to surgical departments for non-malignant conditions and more rapid access to patients with thyroid cancer. Importantly, a reduction of indirect costs due to long-term replacement therapy and the management of surgical complications may also be speculated.
Definition of language and linguistics: basic competence
Authors: Oviogun Peter V. , Veerdee Pal S.
Published: February 2023

This paper is intended to understand and be able to explain the meaning of language and linguistics, to understand and be able to explain linguistic scholarship and to understand and be able to explain the history and nature of language. Linguistic knowledge also provides benefits for compilers of textbooks or textbooks. Linguistic knowledge will provide guidance for textbook compilers in composing appropriate sentences, choosing vocabulary that is appropriate for the age level of the readers of the book. As for the linguistic benefits for statesmen or politicians, first, as a statesman or politician who must fight for ideology and concepts of state or government, orally, he must master the language well. Second, if the politician or statesman mastered linguistic and sociolinguistic issues, in particular, in relation to society, then of course he will be able to reduce and resolve social upheavals that occur in society as a result of language differences and conflicts.
Object of study and linguistic subdisciplinary
Authors: Tanwete Charles Silinda , Kombinda Nafari
Published: February 2023

General linguistics is linguistics that tries to study the rules of language in general. The resulting theoretical statements will concern language in general, not specific languages. Meanwhile, special linguistics is linguistics that tries to study the rules of language specifically. This special study can also be carried out on one language family / sub-family, ex: the Austronesian language family, the Indo-German sub-family. General linguistics is a field of science that not only investigates a particular langue but also pays attention to the characteristics of other languages. Linguistics does not only study one langue but also language. The object of linguistic study is language. The language that is meant in this sense is language in the true sense, namely the language used by humans as a means of communication, not the language in the sense of a class.
Morphology in micro linguistics and macro linguistics
Authors: Vocroix Londre
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine the morphological aspects and their application in micro linguistics and micro linguistics. Linguistics in terms of study can be divided into two types, namely micro linguistics and macro linguistics. Micro linguistics is understood as linguistics which has a narrower nature of the study. That is, it is internal, only sees language as language. Macro linguistics is broad, the nature of the study is external. Linguistics studies language activities in other fields, such as economics and history. Language is used as a tool to see language from the point of view from outside the language. Language can be seen descriptively, historically comparative, contrastive, synchronic, and diachronic. Descriptive linguistics looks at living languages ​​as they are. Comparative linguistics compares two or more languages ​​at different periods. Contrastive linguistics compares the languages ​​of a particular period or contemporaries. This study looks for similarities and differences in the fields of structure: phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Synchronic linguistics questions the language of a particular mass. In this study, we do not compare with other languages ​​and other periods. Thus, this linguistic study is horizontal.
Linguistics for language learning and research
Authors: Amori Hitori
Published: February 2023

Linguistics is a science that makes language the object of its study. Linguistics itself is divided into two scopes of learning including, microlinguistics and macrolinguistics. Where each scope has a different purpose, microlinguistics studies only limited to the internal structure of language without applying the knowledge in social life, while macro linguistics studies language in relation to the outside world and the application of the language in social life. Linguistics as a science of language can also be the basis for conducting research, where the object of study is the language itself. In conducting research, researchers can use qualitative or quantitative research methods depending on what problem will be the object of research.
STRESS ANALYSIS EVALUATION AND PIPE SUPPORT TYPE ON HIGH-PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE STEAM PIPE
Authors: Aswin Aswin , Hasnan Ahmad
Published: February 2023

The design and analysis of piping systems are critical in the power and process industries. The steam pipe is one of the main requirements for the plant to be installed. High-pressure and high-temperature steam pipes in the piping system are critical lines that need to be subjected to stress analysis. This study aims to evaluate the stress and the effect of using pipe supports on the stress in the piping system. Stress analysis is needed to ensure that the piping system that is designed is safe and does not exceed the allowable stress under operating conditions. Data analysis used ASTM A335-P11 as a pipe material with a design pressure of 65 bars and a design temperature of 480 °C. Stress analysis was carried out using CAESAR II software, which refers to ASME B31.3 process piping standards and codes. The findings revealed that the type of support chosen, such as the gap and distance of pipe support, has a significant impact on the stress value in the piping system. The results of the analysis are carried out several times to get the stress value so that it does not exceed the allowable stress. The greatest stress value occurs at the expansion load condition in the steam pipe system design. The chosen piping system design has a ratio of 93.6%, which is located at node 220 with a stress value of 35889.1 psi and an allowable stress of 38327.2 psi. Because the stress value that occurs is below the allowable stress, the steam pipe system is safe to be installed and operated.
A Study on Research Trends in 『Audiology and Speech Research』 Using Keyword Network Analysis
Authors: Cho Soo Jin , Kim Tae-Gang
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the research trends of papers published in ‘Audiology and Speech Research’ and to obtain implications for the direction of research.Methods: Data were collected from 2005 to 2022 articles research information sharing service (RISS) which is provided by Korea education and Korea Citation Index (KCI). After extracting and cleansing keywords, the frequency, centrality, and visualization data analysis for keywords were performed using KrKwic & NodeXL programs.Results: According to the results of keyword frequency analysis, ‘hearing aid’ showed the highest frequency, followed by ‘hearing loss’, ‘noise’, and ‘cochlear implant’, etc. As a result of the keyword centrality analysis, it was found that the centrality was particularly high in ‘hearing aid’, ‘hearing loss’, ‘word recognition’, ‘cochlear implant’, ‘sensorineural hearing loss’, ‘auditory training’, ‘aural rehabilitaion’.Conclusion: The results of this study will provide useful data for understanding current research trends in ASR and further suggesting new research directions in the field of audiology and speech pathology.
Роль размерных эффектов при микроэкстракции
Authors: Федосеев В.Б.
Published: February 2023

Size effects during phase transformations change the composition of coexisting phases in ternary mixtures. The consequence is a change in the distribution coefficients of the components, which is of interest for microextraction. The concentration dependence of the degree of extraction for separable mixtures (aniline - methylcyclopentane - hexane and water - phenol - toluene) in submicron drops was simulated by the methods of equilibrium chemical thermodynamics. The concentration dependence of the degree of extraction during microextraction for submicron droplets is constructed.
Электрохимические характеристики анодов литий-ионных аккумуляторов на основе моноокиси кремния: влияние диспропорционирования и обработки в HF
Authors: Грушина А.А. , Ложкина Д.А. , Красилин А.А. , Румянцев А.М. , Астрова Е.В.
Published: February 2023

Composite SiO/C anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) obtained by carbonization of silicon monoxide with fluorocarbon were investigated. Preliminary modification of the initial silicon monoxide was carried out by disproportionation and subsequent treatment in hydrofluoric acid. The study of the elemental composition of modified SiO and the electrochemical performance of composite anodes made from it showed that the oxygen content in the oxide matrix played a decisive role in changing their behavior. Depletion of its oxygen as a result of treatment in HF had a beneficial effect, leading to higher stability of the electrodes during cycling, an increase in their capacity, coulombic efficiency and rate capability.
Кодирование информации с использованием двухуровневой генерации в лазере на квантовых точках
Authors: Максимов М.В. , Шерняков Ю.М. , Гордеев Н.Ю. , Надточий А.М. , Жуков А.Е.
Published: February 2023

We propose an approach for encoding and transmitting information based on the use of a quantum dot laser, which, depending on the injection current, emits either one of two or simultaneously two spectral components, with different wavelengths. When the laser is modulated by current, each lasing line is detected by an independent photodiode, and thus the information is encoded by both the intensity of each line and its wavelength.
Неожиданные особенности зажигания самостоятельного разряда в скрещенных электрическом и магнитном полях
Authors: Строкин Н.А. , Ригин А.В.
Published: February 2023

It is reported about the discovery of a double current structure upon ignition of a self-sustaining glow discharge in crossed electric and magnetic fields – in an ExB discharge. The initial state for the first current jump is neutral gas; for the second – plasma. The measured ignition curves and time characteristics of the process are given. The ion current was used as a parameter that made it possible to register two modes of the ExB discharge. For the first time, a different character of discharge ignition for Penning pairs is shown.
Влияние постростовой обработки плазмой азота на структурные и оптические свойства InGaN
Authors: Гридчин В.О. , Сошников И.П. , Резник Р.Р. , Комаров С.Д. , Пирогов Е.В. , Лендяшова В.В. , Котляр К.П. , Крыжановская Н.В. , Цырлин Г.Э.
Published: February 2023

The effect of cooling conditions in the plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy growth on the structural and optical properties of InGaN nanostructures is studied. It is shown that cooling of the samples without nitrogen plasma contributes to the suppression of phase separation in InGaN nanostructures. The integrated intensity of photoluminescence from these nanostructures increased by a factor of 2.
The Effects of a Health Care Chatbot’s Complexity and Persona on User Trust, Perceived Usability, and Effectiveness: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Biro Joshua , Linder Courtney , Neyens David
Published: February 2023

Background

The rising adoption of telehealth provides new opportunities for more effective and equitable health care information mediums. The ability of chatbots to provide a conversational, personal, and comprehendible avenue for learning about health care information make them a promising tool for addressing health care inequity as health care trends continue toward web-based and remote processes. Although chatbots have been studied in the health care domain for their efficacy for smoking cessation, diet recommendation, and other assistive applications, few studies have examined how specific design characteristics influence the effectiveness of chatbots in providing health information.

Objective

Our objective was to investigate the influence of different design considerations on the effectiveness of an educational health care chatbot.

Methods

A 2×3 between-subjects study was performed with 2 independent variables: a chatbot’s complexity of responses (eg, technical or nontechnical language) and the presented qualifications of the chatbot’s persona (eg, doctor, nurse, or nursing student). Regression models were used to evaluate the impact of these variables on 3 outcome measures: effectiveness, usability, and trust. A qualitative transcript review was also done to review how participants engaged with the chatbot.

Results

Analysis of 71 participants found that participants who received technical language responses were significantly more likely to be in the high effectiveness group, which had higher improvements in test scores (odds ratio [OR] 2.73, 95% CI 1.05-7.41; P=.04). Participants with higher health literacy (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.11-4.00, P=.03) were significantly more likely to trust the chatbot. The participants engaged with the chatbot in a variety of ways, with some taking a conversational approach and others treating the chatbot more like a search engine.

Conclusions

Given their increasing popularity, it is vital that we consider how chatbots are designed and implemented. This study showed that factors such as chatbots’ persona and language complexity are two design considerations that influence the ability of chatbots to successfully provide health care information.
Analysis of Online Resource Utilization Among Individuals with Vitiligo (Preprint)
Authors: Khanna Prachi , Schneider Beth , Ahmed Ammar
Published: February 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

While literature has analyzed the accuracy and usage of online resources pertaining to vitiligo, little is known about the perception of online resources from people that have been diagnosed with vitiligo. Our study sought to understand both the demographic of users that utilize online vitiligo resources as well as how these resources impact their lifestyle and management of vitiligo. We partnered with MyHealthTeam to distribute a 15 question survey to forum users. There were 95 total responses from participants that were primarily white and female with a mean age of 60 years. The participants reported that the online resources impacted their treatment decisions and ability to cope with their disease, with 75% of participants indicating that they felt supported by using online resources.
Remote Patient Monitoring and Teleconsultation to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Health Care Utilization of Pediatric Asthma (ALPACA Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial (Preprint)
Authors: van der Kamp Mattienne , Hengeveld Vera , Willard Nico , Thio Boony , de Graaf Pascal , Geven Inge , Tabak Monique
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Childhood asthma is imposing a great financial burden on the pediatric health care system. Asthma costs are directly related to the level of asthma control. A substantial part of these costs may be preventable by the timely and adequate assessment of asthma deterioration in daily life and proper asthma management. The use of eHealth technology may assist such timely and targeted medical anticipation.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes the Ambulatory Pediatric Asthma Care (ALPACA) study protocol to investigate the effectiveness of an eHealth intervention consisting of remote patient monitoring and teleconsultation integrated into the daily clinical care of pediatric patients with asthma. This intervention aims to reduce health care utilization and costs and improve health outcomes compared to a control group that receives standard care. In addition, this study aims to improve future eHealth pediatric asthma care by gaining insights from home-monitoring data.

METHODS

This study is a prospective randomized controlled effectiveness trial. A total of 40 participants will be randomized to either 3 months of eHealth care (intervention group) or standard care (control group). The eHealth intervention consists of remote patient monitoring (spirometry, pulse oximetry, electronic medication adherence tracking, and asthma control questionnaire) and web-based teleconsultation (video sharing, messages). All participants will have a 3-month follow-up with standard care to evaluate whether the possible effects of eHealth care are longer lasting. During the entire study and follow-up period, all participants will use blinded observational home monitoring (sleep, cough/wheeze sounds, air quality in bedroom) as well.

RESULTS

This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committees United. Enrollment began in February 2023, and the results of this study are expected to be submitted for publication in July 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will contribute to the existing knowledge on the effectiveness of eHealth interventions that combine remote patient monitoring and teleconsultation for health care utilization, costs, and health outcomes. Furthermore, the observational home-monitoring data can contribute to improved identification of early signs of asthma deterioration in pediatric patients. Researchers and technology developers could use this study to guide and improve eHealth development, while health care professionals, health care institutions, and policy makers may employ our results to make informed decisions to steer toward high-quality, efficient pediatric asthma care.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05517096; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05517096

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/45585
Medicare reimbursement rates for pre-malignant lesion removal have fallen significantly from 2007 to 2022 (Preprint)
Authors: Diaz Michael Joseph , Tran Jasmine Thuy , Patel Karan , Taneja Kamil , Tran Andrew Xuan Vinh
Published: February 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A - Research Letter
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Esophageal Cancer Burden Attributable to Behavioral, Metabolic, and Dietary Risk Factors From 1990 to 2019: Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Li Peng , Jing Jing , Liu Wenjun , Wang Jizhao , Qi Xin , Zhang Guangjian
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related burden with distinct regional variations globally. Although the burden of EC has decreased, the specific reasons for this decline are still unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to uncover the spatiotemporal patterns of EC risk–attributable burden in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 so that prevention and control strategies of EC can be prioritized worldwide.

METHODS

We extracted EC risk–attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDRs) from the global burden of disease (GBD) study from 1990 to 2019, in terms of behavioral, metabolic, and dietary factors by age, sex, and geographical location. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used to assess the long-term trends in the ASMRs and ASDRs of EC due to specific risk factors.

RESULTS

Between 1990 and 2019, the greatest decrease in EC burden was attributed to low intake of fruits and vegetables. An AAPC of –2.96 (95% CI –3.28 to –2.63) and –3.12 (95% CI –3.44 to –2.79) in ASMR and ASDR was attributable to a low-fruit diet, while an AAPC of –3.60 (95% CI –3.84 to –3.36) and –3.64 (95% CI –3.92 to –3.35) in ASMR and ASDR was attributed to a low-vegetable diet. However, the trends in ASMRs and ASDRs due to high BMI showed significant increases with an AAPC of 0.52 (95% CI 0.29-0.75) in ASMR and 0.42 (95% CI 0.18-0.66) in ASDR from 1990 to 2019 compared to significant decreases in other attributable risks with AAPC<0 (P<.05). East Asia had the largest decrease in EC burden due to low-vegetable diets, with an AAPC of –11.00 (95% CI –11.32 to –10.67) in ASMR and –11.81 (95% CI –12.21 to –11.41) in ASDR, followed by Central Asia, whereas Western Sub-Saharan Africa had the largest increase in ASMR and ASDR due to high BMI, with an AAPC of 3.28 (95% CI 3.14-3.42) and 3.09 (95% CI 2.96-3.22), respectively. China had the highest EC burden attributed to smoking, alcohol use, high BMI, and low-fruit diets. Between 1990 and 2019, there was a significant decrease in EC burden attributable to smoking, alcohol use, chewing tobacco, low-fruit diets, and low-vegetable diets in most countries, wherein a significant increase in the EC burden was due to high BMI.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that smoking and alcohol consumption are still the leading risk factors of EC burden and that EC burden attributable to low intake of fruits and vegetables has shown the largest decline recently. The risks of ASMRs and ASDRs of EC showed distinct spatiotemporal patterns, and future studies should focus on the upward trend in the EC burden attributed to high BMI.
H1-Antihistamine Use Is Associated With Increased Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Szu-Yuan
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Esophageal cancer is a common and aggressive disease with a 5-year survival rate of 20%. Identifying safe and effective medications that can reduce the risk of esophageal cancer is crucial.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan to examine the association between H1-antihistamine (AH) use and the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a head-to-head propensity score-matching comparative study.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, involving 1,289,526 adults from 2008 to 2018. We used propensity score-matching to compare the incidence of ESCC in AH users and non-users.

RESULTS

We found that AH users had a higher incidence of ESCC (1.47 vs 1.36 per 100,000 person-years) than non-users. The incidence rate ratio (95% CI) for ESCC in AH users was 1.18 (1.08-1.28) compared to non-users. After adjusting for age, sex, income, urbanization, smoking, alcohol-related diseases, comorbidities, medication use, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for ESCC in AH users was 1.22 (1.12-1.33) compared to non-users. We also observed a dose-response relationship, with hazard ratios for AH use of 28 to 182, 183 to 488, 489 to 1043, and >1043 cumulative defined daily doses (cDDDs) of 1.12, 1.20, 1.25, and 1.37, respectively, compared to <28 cDDDs.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study found a significant association between AH use and ESCC risk, with a dose-response relationship. Our findings suggest that AH use may increase the risk of ESCC, particularly at high doses, and highlight the importance of caution when prescribing AHs.
SYNCHRONOUS AND BLENDED LEARNING METHODS IN ANATOMY PRACTICUM DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Simorangkir Saharnauli Janna Verawaty , Simanjuntak Novita Hasiani
Published: February 2023

Background: Since the beginning of the pandemic Covid 19, all educational institutions have switched offline learning methods to e-learning, including the Faculty of Medicine, University of HKBP Nommensen. One learning method that has switched to an online method is anatomy practicum. The blended learning method is more effective than the synchronous method to be applied to online Anatomy practicums. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of synchronous and blended learning in the implementation of anatomy practicum.Methods: This research was a quasi experimental research. The research sample was all UHN medical students batch 2020. The number of samples were 81 people. The data collection instruments were the AMS questionnaire and the pretest and posttest questions.Results: The results of the bivariate analysis showed an increase in posttest results in both groups. The difference in delta values in the blended method group was higher than the synchronous group and the difference was significant. The results of the analysis for the questionnaire scores showed that there was no significant difference in the level of internal and external motivation between the two groups.Conclusion: The blended learning method is more effective than the synchronous method to be applied to online Anatomy practicums.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE AMONG RESIDENT DOCTORS RELATED TO ETHICAL AND MEDICOLEGAL ISSUES IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Ismail Taufik Suryadi , Kulsum Kulsum
Published: February 2023

Background: Ethics and medicolegal as a mandatory competence that must be applied by resident doctors, because it is very helpful of deciding on medical practice. This study aims to assess the current status of the knowledge and attitude of dealing with ethical and medicolegal issues among resident doctors in a teaching hospital in Aceh.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among resident doctors (n=156) with a self-administered online questionnaire. The Spearman test was used to identify the correlation between knowledge and attitudes. Meanwhile, the Chi-square test was used to identify the significance of influence selected factors with knowledge and attitude.Results: A total of 156 respondents were involved in this study. Most resident doctors (94.2%) had limited knowledge and as many as 66% have a positive attitude in dealing with ethical and medicolegal issues. Based on the Spearman's and Chi-square test showed not a significant correlation between the knowledge and attitudes under the Sig. (2-tailed) 0.086 (Sig. (2-tailed) >0.05) and p-value 0.296 (p-value >0.05). Only length of education was significantly associated with a positive level of attitude (p=0.003). Selected factors did not significantly affect the lack of knowledge, for gender with a p-value of 1.000, age (p=0.306), study program (p=0.192), and length of education (p=1.000).Conclusion: Positive attitudes are a very valuable asset to increase knowledge in dealing with ethical and medicolegal issues. The lack of knowledge of resident doctors is influenced by various factors. It is necessary to increase knowledge through continuing education, regular training, and short courses.
ONLINE ASSESSMENT DRIVE LEARNING MODEL FOR COMPUTER-BASED TEST PREPARATION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Nazriati Elda , Zulharman Zulharman , Firdaus Firdaus
Published: February 2023

Background: Computer Based Test (CBT) preparation is important to face the final national exam. During the covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to modify these preparations online. Assessment can strengthen the learning process, and improve student performance in learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the ability to do CBT in participants and whether the online drive learning assessment model was well received.Methods: An analytical study was carried out using mixed methods. The research sample were the participants of the Uji Kompetensi Mahasiswa Program Profesi Dokter (UKMPPD) preparation for May and August 2021 at FK Unri who met the inclusion criteria, totalling 37 people. Data were collected through questionnaires, FGDs, and secondary data. Hypotheses were tested using Friedman rank test, continued with Wilcoxon signed rank testResults: There was a significant difference between the four integration tests carried out ( firedman test p < 0.001 and Wilcoxon test p <0.005 ), where the highest score was on the 4th integration test. The results showed that 68% of participants were in the satisfied category and 25% of participants were in the very satisfied category. Some of the themes obtained were organization, methods, benefits, learning load, and comparison with similar programs outside campus.Conclusion: The online assessment drive learning model has been proven to improve the ability of participants to take the CBT test for the preparation of UKMPPD. Participants' satisfaction was quite good both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Magnesium Homeostasis
Authors: Morrison Aubrey R.
Published: February 2023

Mg2+, the fourth most abundant cation in the body, serves as a cofactor for about 600 cellular enzymes. One third of ingested Mg2+ is absorbed from the gut through a saturable transcellular process and a concentration-dependent paracellular process. Absorbed Mg2+ is excreted by the kidney and maintains serum Mg2+ within a narrow range of 0.7–1.25 mmol/L. The reabsorption of Mg2+ by the nephron is characterized by paracellular transport in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb. The nature of the transport pathways in the gut epithelia and thick ascending limb has emerged from an understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for rare monogenetic disorders presenting with clinical hypomagnesemia. These human disorders due to loss-of-function mutations, in concert with mouse models, have led to a deeper understanding of Mg2+ transport in the gut and renal tubule. This review focuses on the nature of the transporters and channels revealed by human and mouse genetics and how they are integrated into an understanding of human Mg2+ physiology.