bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Australian Message Sticks and Sequentially Marked Objects of the Upper Palaeolithic: Problems and Opportunities
Authors: Kelly Piers
Published: November 2024

Engraved portable objects from Upper Palaeolithic and earlier sites are argued to be cognitive tools designed to store information for the purposes of calculation, record‐keeping, or communication. This paper reviews the surprisingly long intellectual history of comparisons between these ancient objects and message sticks: marked graphic devices traditionally used for long‐distance communication in Indigenous Australia. I argue that, while such comparisons have often been misguided, more cautious applications of ethnographic analogy may yield useful insights. A systematic analysis of historical observations together with more recent fieldwork, indicate that Australian message sticks are primarily tools of social cognition, as opposed to cognition tout court, and rely on orality and other context to become meaningful. Further, the practice of message stick communication may help clarify ongoing problems in the interpretation of Upper Palaeolithic objects including their possible role in aggregation activities, the distinction between decoration and notation, and the interplay between graphic sequences and speech.
GhDOFD45 promotes sucrose accumulation in cotton seeds by transcriptionally activating GhSWEET10 expression
Authors: Du Chuanhui , Sun Wenjie , Song Qingwei , Zuo Kaijing
Published: November 2024

Cotton seed development and fiber elongation are the inseparable and overlapped development processes requiring the continuous supply of sucrose as the direct carbon source. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of how sucrose is transported from the source tissues (leaves) into growing cotton seeds. Here, we identify the function of a sucrose transporter gene, Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter 10, GhSWEET10 in cotton seed development. GhSWEET10 encodes a functional sucrose transporter, predominantly expressing in the funiculus, inner seedcoat, and endosperm during fiber elongation. GhSWEET10 RNAi plants (GhSWEET10i) accumulated less sucrose and glucose in growing seeds and that led to shorter fibers and smaller seeds, whereas GhSWEET10 overexpressed plants (GhSWEET10OE) had bigger seeds and longer fibers with more sugar accumulation during fiber elongation. GhSWEET10 gene is transcriptionally controlled by the transcription factor GhDOFD45. GhDOFD45 knockout plants (GhDOFD45‐KO) possessed the phenotypes of smaller seeds and shorter fibers like those of GhSWEET10i plants. Furthermore, GhSWEET10 mainly exports the sucrose from the funiculus into developing seeds according to the mimic‐analysis of sucrose transporting. Collectively, all these findings show that GhDOFD45 positively regulates GhSWEET10 expression to mainly transport sucrose from leaves into developing cotton seeds. Our findings also imply that the sucrose transport into enlarging seeds benefits fiber development, and thus GhSWEET10 can be selected as a target of breeding novel cotton varieties with larger and more vigorous seeds.
A novel small molecule phagocytosis inhibitor, KB‐208, ameliorates ITP in mouse models with similar efficacy as IVIG
Authors: Loriamini Melika , Lewis‐Bakker Melissa M. , Binnington Beth , Kotra Lakshmi P. , Branch Donald R.
Published: November 2024

Background

The characteristic feature of immune cytopenias involves the process of extravascular phagocytosis, wherein macrophages in the spleen and/or liver engage in the destruction of blood cells that have been opsonized by auto‐ or alloantibodies. Therefore, new treatments that prevent phagocytosis will be advantageous, especially for short‐term usage along with alternative options.

Study Design and Methods

KB‐208, a small molecule drug, previously shown to be efficacious for the in vitro inhibition of phagocytosis was synthesized. A passive antibody mouse model of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) was used. Three different mouse strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6, CD1) were used to determine the efficacy of KB‐208 compared with IVIG to ameliorate the ITP. Toxicity was investigated after 60‐day chronic administration of KB‐208 by a biochemistry panel, gross necroscopy and histopathology.

Results

KB‐208 showed similar efficacy to ameliorate the thrombocytopenia compared with IVIG in all three mouse strains. This small molecule drug was effective at 1 mg/kg in ameliorating ITP, in comparison with IVIG at 1000–2500 mg/kg. KB‐208 did not affect other blood parameters or elevate serum biochemistry markers of toxicity nor were any abnormal histopathological findings found.

Conclusion

KB‐208 is similar to IVIG for the amelioration of ITP in multiple mouse strains. Chronic administration of KB‐208 for 60 days did not demonstrate in vivo toxicity. These findings indicate that KB‐208 is efficacious, without significant in vivo toxicities in mice, and is a potential small molecule candidate for further evaluation to be used in the treatment of ITP and possibly all immune cytopenias where phagocytosis is responsible for the pathophysiology.
Infinite unrestricted sumsets of the form B+B$B+B$ in sets with large density
Authors: Kousek Ioannis , Radić Tristán
Published: November 2024

For a set , we characterize the existence of an infinite set and such that , where , in terms of the density of the set . Specifically, when the lower density or the upper density , the existence of such a set and is assured. Furthermore, whenever or , we show that the shift is unnecessary and we also provide examples to show that these bounds are sharp. Finally, we construct a syndetic three‐coloring of the natural numbers that does not contain a monochromatic for any infinite set and number .
La gestión del patrimonio indígena en los museos y las posibilidades para su descolonización: el caso del Museo Histórico Nacional de Chile
Authors: Opazo Sepúlveda Camila
Published: November 2024

El artículo analiza las innovaciones que el Museo Histórico Nacional de Chile ha desarrollado en la gestión del patrimonio indígena que custodia en el marco de su proceso de renovación. Utilizando una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas y estudio de fuentes escritas, se analizan las prácticas colaborativas realizadas con personas y colectividades indígenas ocurridas entre el año 2012 y el 2020. Los resultados muestran que las colaboraciones hasta ahora efectuadas han permitido la inclusión de estos grupos a ciertas áreas de la gestión, aunque no han significado cambios permanentes o estructurales en la institución. El estudio señala que se encuentra pendiente el desafío de profundizar en las prácticas que permitan la descolonización de la gestión del patrimonio indígena en los museos.
Method for Constructing a Compact Component Mode Synthesis Model for Analyzing Nonlinear Normal Modes of Structures With Localized Nonlinearities
Authors: Chen Xuan-Hong , Tien Meng-Hsuan
Published: November 2024

Nonlinear dynamics analysis is a crucial topic in mechanical and aerospace engineering. The analysis of nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) provides an effective mathematical tool for interpreting complex nonlinear vibration phenomena. Unlike the invariant normal modes of linear systems, NNMs often exhibit frequency–energy dependence and cannot be computed using the traditional eigen-decomposition method. Calculating NNMs relies on numerical methods that involve expensive iterative computations, especially for systems with numerous degrees-of-freedom. To relieve computational costs, this article proposes a mode selection method for the component mode synthesis (CMS) technique to enable compact reduced-order modeling of structures with localized nonlinearities. The reduced-order model is then combined with a numerical continuation scheme to establish a low-cost NNM analysis framework. This framework can efficiently predict the NNMs of high-dimensional finite element models. The proposed framework is demonstrated on an I-shaped cantilever beam with localized nonlinear stiffness. The results show that the proposed approach can identify the key modes in the CMS modeling procedure. The NNMs of the nonlinear I-shaped beam structure can then be analyzed with a significant reduction in computational costs.
Epitaxial SiGeSn grown on Si by ion implantation
Authors: Ekeruche Chinenye U. , Davila Mikayla , Simpson Peter J. , Kavanagh Karen L. , Goncharova Lyudmila V.
Published: November 2024

We have formed SixGe1−x−ySny compounds on Si substrates by ion implantation and annealing and investigated their concentration profiles, crystallization, and optical properties. Ge and Sn ions were implanted in the range (2.5–10) × 1016 Ge/cm2 at 65 keV, and (1.0–4.0) × 1016 Sn/cm2 at 100 keV, resulting in a peak implant dose at a depth of 50 nm for both species. Epitaxially regrown SixGe1−x−ySny layers (110 nm thick) were produced with Ge and Sn contents that allowed bandgap tuning in the (0.88–1.1) eV range. Shifts in photoelectron binding energies (Si 2p, Ge 3d, and Sn 3d) were consistent with ternary compound formation. Sn segregation was observed for annealing temperatures ≥600 °C. A significant increase in the optical absorption coefficient (×104 cm−1 for λ = (800–1700) nm) was observed for SiGe, SiSn, and SiGeSn alloys, with SiGeSn having coefficients several orders of magnitude higher than for Si. Contributions of segregated Sn to these properties were observed. Metastable SixGe1−x−ySny layers were achieved, which may point to a promising route to mitigate Sn incorporation challenges for near-infrared detectors.
A Comparison of Maximal Acceleration Between the “Tic Tac” Parkour Action, Drop Jump, and Lay-Up Shot in Youth Basketball Players: A Preliminary Study Toward the Donor Sport Concept
Authors: Williams Mark David , Liew Bernard , Castro Fabio , Davy Gary , Moran Jason
Published: November 2024

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare acceleration outputs of the parkour-style “tic tac” action with those of the drop jump and the lay-up shot in youth basketball players. A total of 25 participants (17 boys, 13.80 ± 1.30 years of age; and eight girls, 15.00 ± 0.80 years of age) completed three trials of each action while wearing a single inertial motion capture unit with a sampling frequency of 200 Hz, positioned at the lumbar spine. All data were captured in a single session, using the same test order for all participants. Maximum resultant acceleration was calculated from the raw data for each action. Using sex and maturation status as covariates, data were analyzed using a Bayesian one-way repeated-measures analysis of covariance. Results revealed the jump + sex model to be the best fitting (BF10 = 9.22 × 105). Post hoc comparisons revealed that the tic tac produced greater maximal acceleration than the drop jump and the lay-up. These findings provide a biomechanical basis for the potential use of the parkour tic tac as an activity that could be used within the athletic development of youth basketball players.
Changes in Municipal-Level Social Capital and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Sports Group Participation and Walking Time Among Older Adults
Authors: Tsuji Taishi , Yokoyama Meiko , Kanamori Satoru , Tabuchi Takahiro , Kondo Katsunori
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aimed to examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in sports group participation and daily walking time among older adults in Japan from 2016 to 2019, and to elucidate the association of municipal-level social capital in these trends. Methods: Using data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study across 2 waves (2016 and 2019), this repeated cross-sectional ecological study included 50 municipalities with 102,575 and 94,022 participants, respectively. We investigated inequalities in sports group participation, and daily walking time by income and education, using the slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality with municipal-level social capital variables, such as civic participation, reciprocity, social cohesion, and social network. Results: From 2016 to 2019, all slope index of inequalities showed a decreasing trend (−4.2 to − 0.5), whereas relative index of inequalities maintained or decreased (−0.10 to 0.00). Increases in municipal-level social capital particularly civic participation and social networks with friends were associated with reduced inequalities in both sports group participation and walking time. For example, increased civic participation scores were associated with reduced relative index of inequalities, which assessed inequalities in sports group participation by income (B = −0.13, 95% CI, −0.24 to − 0.03) and in walking time by education (B = −0.06, 95% CI, −0.11 to − 0.01). Conclusions: Enhancements in municipal social capital can reduce socioeconomic inequalities in sports group participation and daily walking among older adults, highlighting the importance of fostering civic participation, social networks, and cohesion in public health strategies aimed at reducing inequalities in sports and walking.
Polygenic risk for alcohol use disorder affects cellular responses to ethanol exposure in a human microglial cell model
Authors: Li Xindi , Liu Jiayi , Boreland Andrew J. , Kapadia Sneha , Zhang Siwei , Stillitano Alessandro C. , Abbo Yara , Clark Lorraine , Lai Dongbing , Liu Yunlong , Barr Peter B. , Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Kamarajan Chella , Kuang Weipeng , Agrawal Arpana , Slesinger Paul A. , Dick Danielle , Salvatore Jessica , Tischfield Jay , Duan Jubao , Edenberg Howard J. , Kreimer Anat , Hart Ronald P. , Pang Zhiping P.
Published: November 2024

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) assess genetic susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet their molecular implications remain underexplored. Neuroimmune interactions, particularly in microglia, are recognized as notable contributors to AUD pathophysiology. We investigated the interplay between AUD PRS and ethanol in human microglia derived from iPSCs from individuals with AUD high-PRS (diagnosed with AUD) or low-PRS (unaffected). Ethanol exposure induced elevated CD68 expression and morphological changes in microglia, with differential responses between high-PRS and low-PRS microglial cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed expression differences in MHCII complex and phagocytosis-related genes following ethanol exposure; high-PRS microglial cells displayed enhanced phagocytosis and increased
CLEC7A
expression, unlike low-PRS microglial cells. Synapse numbers in cocultures of induced neurons with microglia after alcohol exposure were lower in high-RPS cocultures, suggesting possible excess synapse pruning. This study provides insights into the intricate relationship between AUD PRS, ethanol, and microglial function, potentially influencing neuronal functions in developing AUD.
A B cell screen against endogenous retroviruses identifies glycan-reactive IgM that recognizes a broad array of enveloped viruses
Authors: Yang Yexin , Treger Rebecca S. , Hernandez-Bird Juan , Lu Peiwen , Mao Tianyang , Iwasaki Akiko
Published: November 2024

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), comprising a substantial portion of the vertebrate genome, are remnants of ancient genetic invaders. ERVs with near-intact coding potential reactivate in B cell–deficient mice. To study how B cells contribute to host anti-ERV immunity, we used an antigen-baiting strategy to enrich B cells reactive to ERV surface antigens. We identified ERV-reactive B-1 cells expressing germline-encoded natural IgM antibodies in naïve mice, the level of which further increases upon innate immune sensor stimulation. B cell receptor repertoire profiling of ERV-reactive B-1 cells revealed increased usage of the
Igh
V
H
gene that gives rise to glycan-specific antibodies targeting terminal
N
-acetylglucosamine moieties on ERV glycoproteins, which further engage the complement pathway to mediate anti-ERV responses. These same antibodies also recognize glycoproteins of other enveloped viruses but not self-proteins. These results reveal an innate antiviral mechanism of germline-encoded antibodies with broad reactivity to enveloped viruses, which constitutes a natural antibody repertoire capable of preventing the emergence of infectious ERVs.
Visualization of giant
Mimivirus
in a movie for biology classrooms
Authors: Morioka Kanako , Fujieda Ayumi , Takemura Masaharu
Published: November 2024

We have developed a new observation chamber for
Mimivirus
-infected
Acanthamoeba
to create dynamic visual teaching materials for virus education suitable for high school and university biology courses. We conducted experiments and captured a movie showcasing the infection process of
Acanthamoeba
cells by mimiviruses. In this educational film, we successfully recorded the active movement of healthy
Acanthamoeba
cells across the surface of a culture flask under an agarose gel. After
Mimivirus
infection, the movement of the
Acanthamoeba
cells gradually slowed and eventually stopped. This cessation coincided with the development of the
Mimivirus
virion factory, which began producing new virions on the surface of the host cells. Moreover, we captured continuous footage of a single cell throughout the viral proliferation process, thereby illustrating the viral proliferation in real time. This educational movie, which visually demonstrates the proliferation of
Mimivirus
within host cells, acts as an effective teaching tool. Moreover, it enhances students’ understanding of virus proliferation mechanisms and highlights the biological significance of viruses, their impact on host cell fate, and their role in ecosystems.
Genomic diversity of
Salmonella
Typhimurium and its monophasic variant in pig and pork production in France
Authors: De Sousa Violante Madeleine , Feurer Carole , Michel Valérie , Romero Karol , Mallet Ludovic , Mistou Michel-Yves , Cadel-Six Sabrina
Published: November 2024

Salmonella
Typhimurium and its monophasic variant (
Salmonella
4,[5],12:i:-) are among the most prevalent serovars worldwide. Even though these serovars have been the focus of many studies, their spread has not yet been investigated in French pig herds and slaughterhouses at a regional scale. Here, we characterized the genomic diversity of 188
Salmonella
strains belonging to sequence type (ST) 19 and 34. These strains were isolated from pigs in metropolitan France between 2014 and 2019. Samples were collected from 10 regions, three of which together represent 75% of French pig production in 2020. To contextualize the French
Salmonella
genomes at a worldwide level, 193 ST 34 genomes from three continents and 14 countries were also included. This study revealed little diversity in ST 34 strains circulating in France, suggesting that one or two clones are spreading within pig herds and slaughterhouses.
In silico
virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated to understand the prevalence of these strains among farmed pigs and in the slaughterhouse environment. A comparison with ST 34 isolates from other countries highlighted the genomic specificity of the ST 34 monophasic variants in France, with some exceptions concerning isolates from bordering countries. This work provides new insights into the dynamics of
S
. Typhimurium and its monophasic variant sampled in French pig herds and slaughterhouses.

IMPORTANCE

Salmonellosis is a leading cause of bacterial infection in humans and animals around the world. This study provides a snapshot of the genomic diversity of one of the most prevalent
Salmonella
serovars (
Salmonella
Typhimurium and
Salmonella
4,[5],12:i:-) circulating on French pig farms between 2013 and 2021. We investigated the link between geographical and genomic diversity. The analyses revealed little diversity of the strains, suggesting that one or two clones are spreading within French pig herds. We also
in silico
screened genetic elements that could explain the prevalence of these strains among farmed pigs and in the slaughterhouse environment. Finally, the comparison with isolates from other countries highlighted the genomic specificity of these two French sequence type 34 clones. This work provides new insights into the dynamics of
S
. Typhimurium and
S
. 4,[5],12:i:- sampled from pig herds and slaughterhouses in France, thus laying the foundations for future analyses.
Impact of the elderly lung mucosa on
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
transcriptional adaptation during infection of alveolar epithelial cells
Authors: Olmo-Fontánez Angélica M. , Allué-Guardia Anna , Garcia-Vilanova Andreu , Glenn Jeremy , Wang Shu-Hua , Merritt Robert E. , Schlesinger Larry S. , Turner Joanne , Wang Yufeng , Torrelles Jordi B.
Published: November 2024

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death due to a single infectious agent. Upon infection,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
M.tb
) is deposited in the alveoli and encounters the lung mucosa or alveolar lining fluid (ALF). We previously showed that, as we age, ALF presents a higher degree of oxidation and inflammatory mediators, which favors
M.tb
replication in human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells (ATs). Here, we define the transcriptional profile of
M.tb
when exposed to healthy ALF from adult (A-ALF) or elderly (E-ALF) humans before and during infection of ATs. Prior to infection,
M.tb
exposure to E-ALF upregulated genes essential for bacterial host adaptation directly involved in
M.tb
pathogenesis. During infection of ATs, E-ALF exposed
M.tb
further upregulated genes involved in its ability to escape into the AT cytosol bypassing critical host defense mechanisms, as well as genes associated with defense against oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate how alterations in human ALF during the aging process can impact the metabolic status of
M.tb
, potentially enabling a greater adaptation and survival within host cells. Importantly, we present the first transcriptomic analysis on the impact of the elderly lung mucosa on
M.tb
pathogenesis during intracellular replication in ATs.

IMPORTANCE

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death due to a single infectious agent. Upon infection,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
M.tb
) is deposited in the alveoli and comes in contact with the alveolar lining fluid (ALF). We previously showed that elderly ALF favors
M.tb
replication in human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells (ATs). Here we define the transcriptional profile of when exposed to healthy ALF from adult (A-ALF) or elderly (E-ALF) humans before and during infection of ATs. Prior to infection, exposure to E-ALF upregulates genes essential for bacterial host adaptation and pathogenesis. During infection of ATs, E-ALF further upregulates
M.tb
genes involved in its ability to escape into the AT cytosol, as well as genes for defense against oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate how alterations in human ALF during the aging process can impact the metabolic status of
M.tb
, potentially enabling a greater adaptation and survival within host cells.
Delivery room dextrose gel for preterm hypoglycaemia (the GEHPPI study): a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: King Graham , Sloan Julie , Duddy Peter , O'Sullivan Anne , Ó Catháin Niamh , Miletin Jan , Dempsey Sharon , Moore Shirley , Purna Jyothsna R , McDermott Christine , Moran Margaret , James Jean , Letshwiti Johannes Buca , Tabery Kryštof , Kubátová Aneta , Janota Jan , Kelleher John
Published: November 2024

Objective

Early hypoglycaemia at the time of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission is common in very/extreme preterm infants. This study aimed to determine whether buccal dextrose gel in the delivery room (DR) would improve rates of early hypoglycaemia in this population.

Design

Randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting

Four level-3 and one level-2 neonatal units.

Patients

Inborn infants≤32+0 weeks gestational age (GA).

Interventions

Infants were randomised to 40% dextrose or placebo gel in the DR (≤29+0 GA: 0.5 mL gel, ≥29+1 GA: 1 mL gel).

Main outcome measure

Hypoglycaemia (<1.8 mmol/L) measured at the time of first intravenous access at NICU admission.

Results

Between November 2020 and August 2022, the recruitment rate was slow (impacted by the requirement for antenatal consent). This fact, coupled with finite research resources, led to a decision to end recruitment early. Data analysis of 169 newborns (33% of target sample size) showed no significant difference in the frequency of the primary outcome between dextrose 24/84 (29%) and placebo 25/85 (29%) groups (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.49 to 1.86; p=0.88). A post-hoc analysis indicated that the trial had a low (47% conditional power) chance of detecting a statistically significant benefit from the intervention (had the target sample been achieved).

Conclusions

This study showed no evidence of benefit of 40% dextrose gel on rates of hypoglycaemia at NICU admission. Management of these vulnerable newborns should continue to focus on vascular access and commencement of dextrose-containing intravenous fluids as early as possible.

Trial registration number

NCT04353713.
Intracellular dark spots are associated with endothelial cell loss after Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Mori-Ogiwara Yurina , Yagi-Yaguchi Yukari , Ibrahim Osama , Higa Kazunari , Kasamatsu Hirotsugu , Kanda Takahiro , Tomida Daisuke , Oie Yoshinori , Hayashi Takahiko , Shimazaki Jun , Yamaguchi Takefumi
Published: November 2024

Intracellular dark endothelial spots (IDESs) on specular microscopy developed in 78/122 patients (63.9%) after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). Endothelial cell density (ECD) after DSAEK was significantly smaller in eyes with IDES when compared with those without at all time points (p<0.001) despite no significant difference in graft ECD (p=0.43), resulting in an increased rate of endothelial failure (p=0.044). The presence of glaucoma (OR=2.22, p=0.027), iris damage (OR=2.85, p=0.004) and non-Fuchs status (OR=2.37, p=0.018) were identified as risk factors for IDES development. Preoperative total protein level in aqueous humour was significantly higher in eye with endothelial failure than those without (p=0.0057).
Experiences and perceptions of acute testicular pain, with a focus on reasons for delayed presentation to hospital: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth , Chaplin Wendy J , Turner Chloe , Johnson Graham D , Blake Holly , Tabner Andrew
Published: November 2024

Background

The annual incidence of testicular torsion is approximately 1 in 4000 males under the age of 25. Despite the 97% testicular salvage rate when surgical intervention is within 6 hours of onset, orchidectomy is required in 40% of cases. These comparatively poor outcomes are driven by delays to intervention, the majority of which take place prior to presentation to healthcare. This study synthesises existing evidence to understand factors leading to delayed presentation to hospital in individuals with acute scrotal pain.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed with support from an information scientist. Two authors performed article screening, data extraction and inductive thematic synthesis independently, with disagreements resolved by discussion at each stage. An assessment of confidence in the review findings was performed using the ConQual approach.

Results

The search identified 1251 unique articles for screening, with five eligible for inclusion; all included publications were drawn from two PhD projects. Synthesis of these articles revealed five descriptive themes with five subthemes. A lack of knowledge and education about testicular health, embarrassment and reliance on others for access to healthcare are major factors leading to delays in presentation. Societal and cultural impacts on health-seeking behaviour and denial were also causes of delayed presentation to healthcare.

Discussion

A lack of knowledge about testicular anatomy and health among both adults and children is amenable to improvement through education, and would likely impact many of the factors identified as contributory to delays. Communication was an overarching factor connecting the descriptive themes.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023469435.
Asymptomatic severe degenerative mitral regurgitation
Authors: Björn Rikhard , Strom Jordan B , Lloyd Guy , Bhattacharyya Sanjeev
Published: November 2024

Degenerative mitral valve disease is common. Up to a quarter of patients with degenerative mitral valve disease may be asymptomatic despite having severe valve regurgitation. Current guideline indications for intervention in asymptomatic patient are centred on left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction and may include consideration in atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension and those with left atrial dilatation. However, despite intervention according to these recommendations, patients remain at risk of post-operative heart failure and mortality. Newer risk markers have been developed including left ventricular and atrial strain, myocardial fibrosis demonstrated using late gadolinium enhancement, mitral annular disjunction and ventricular arrhythmia burden. Translating newer markers into clinical practice will require integrating and identifying high-risk phenotypes that benefit from early intervention using machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence. Valve repair is the recommended intervention. However, repair rate and durability are dependent on both operator and centre volumes as well as valve characteristics. Recent advancements, including robotic surgery, may enhance repair rates; however, larger datasets are necessary to confirm these improvements. Efforts should focus on establishing high-volume regional centres of excellence for mitral valve repair.
Remission versus low disease activity as treatment targets in rheumatoid arthritis: how to strike the right balance between too strict and too lenient targets? A meta-epidemiological study of individual patient data
Authors: Duarte Catia , Jacobs Johannes W G , Ferreira Ricardo J O , Welsing Paco M J , Gossec Laure , Machado Pedro M , van der Heijde Désirée , da Silva Jose Antonio Pereira
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of using Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI)-LDA (low disease activity) versus different definitions of remission as a treatment target in established rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

A meta-epidemiological study of individual patient data from eight randomised controlled trials was performed. Four definitions of the target were considered at 6 months: (1) SDAI-LDA: SDAI≤11; (2) SDAI-Remission: SDAI≤3.3; (3) 4V-Remission: Tender and swollen 28-joint counts and C reactive protein (mg/dL) all ≤1 and patient global assessment (PGA)≤2 and (4) 3-variable (3V)-Remission: as 4V, excluding PGA. The mean radiographic change in the modified total Sharp-van der Heijde score (mTSS) and the Good Radiographic Outcome rates (defined as a change of ≤0.5 units mTSS) over 2 years were compared among target definitions. Radiographic progression and the distribution of the individual criteria of the Boolean definition in the only LDA subgroup (3.3<SDAI≤11) were analysed.

Results

In total, 4374 patients (mean disease duration of 5.9 years (95% CI 4.6; 7.1)) were included. The pooled rate of SDAI-LDA at 6 months was 49%, with 13% in SDAI-remission. The 4V-Remission and 3V-Remission were achieved by 16% and 23%, respectively. Mean radiographic progression was 0.55 (0.14; 0.96) units for SDAI-LDA and 0.22 (−0.09; 0.54), 0.28 (−0.07; 0.62), 0.28 (−0.10; 0.65) for SDAI-Remission, 4V-Remission and 3V-Remission states, respectively. Patients with SDAI Pure-LDA presented significantly more radiographic progression than patients in SDAI-Remission (mean 0.72 vs 0.22 units, p<0.05). Over 53% of all patients achieving SDAI-LDA were not in 3V-Remission and had more mean radiographic progression over 2 years than those who met both targets (0.70 vs 0.25 units, p=0.014). Among patients with SDAI-LDA but not in SDAI-Remission, 40% scored PGA>2, reflecting relevant disease impact.

Conclusion

SDAI-LDA is associated with more structural damage over 2 years than any of the definitions of remission. It also allows substantial disease impact to go unchecked and uncontrolled. Physicians should strive for remission whenever possible and safe while also taking into account the different individual disease activity parameters included in the adopted definition.
Reliability analysis of the global graphite trade industry chain risk assessment based on percolation theory
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Hu Jiahao , Cai Mingwei
Published: November 2024

Graphite, as a critical strategic mineral resource, holds a significant position in the global high-tech industry, and its reliability is essential for global economic stability. To address the resilience and stability of the graphite trade network, we propose a method based on an improved Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) and percolation theory. By constructing a directed weighted network reflecting trade dependencies between countries, we evaluate the network’s performance under different risk scenarios. The model employs PMI to quantify trade dependencies and uses percolation theory to simulate both random and targeted disruptions, analyzing the network integrity of various stages of the graphite supply chain in the context of edge removals. Key metrics include the Largest Weakly Connected Component (LWCC) and Critical Link Scores (CLSs), which are used to assess structural robustness and identify critical trade links. The results indicate that network structure and connectivity density are key determinants of its resilience. The upstream network stage is relatively vulnerable due to its dependence on high-weight connections, whereas the midstream and downstream stages exhibit higher resilience due to diversification in trade relationships. Enhancing the maximum critical links is crucial for improving network reliability. This study innovatively proposes a systematic risk mapping and mitigation approach for strategic material networks, providing practical recommendations for international trade policy and supply chain optimization. Additionally, policy recommendations focusing on countries with high CLSs are particularly important, as they can help nations formulate effective response strategies.
CWR sequence of invariants of alternating links and its properties
Authors: Jabłonowski Michał
Published: November 2024

We present the [Formula: see text] invariant, a new invariant for alternating links, which builds upon and generalizes the [Formula: see text] invariant. The [Formula: see text] invariant is an array of two-variable polynomials that provides a stronger invariant compared to the [Formula: see text] invariant. We compare the strength of our invariant with the classical HOMFLYPT, Kauffman [Formula: see text]-variable, and Kauffman [Formula: see text]-variable polynomials on specific knot examples. Additionally, we derive general recursive “skein” relations, and also specific formulas for the initial components of the [Formula: see text] invariant using weighted adjacency matrices of modified Tait graphs.
Examining the nuclear structure and decay modes of 128–208Sm Isotopes
Authors: Dash C. , Tripathy G. , Mohanty P. , Anupam A. , Naik I. , Sahu B. B.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the nuclear structure and some prospective decay properties of the [Formula: see text]Sm[Formula: see text] elements are studied. This is accomplished by using an axially deformed oscillator basis and the Relativistic Mean Field model (RMF) with PK1 and NL-SH force parameters. The bulk characteristics are carefully examined, including the binding energy (B.E./A), nuclear radii,quadrupole deformation parameter([Formula: see text]), two neutron separation energy ([Formula: see text]), and differential change of two neutron separation energy ([Formula: see text]). Estimates are also made for the half-lives of the Sm isotopes for [Formula: see text]-decay, [Formula: see text]-decay and spontaneous fission (SF). Both our computed Q-values and empirically measurable Q-values are used to determine the [Formula: see text]-decay half-life periods using the MUDL and AKRE formulae. The results we anticipate could be useful for experiments and future perspective.
Observables on multisymplectic manifolds and higher Courant algebroids
Authors: Miti Antonio Michele , Zambon Marco
Published: November 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a closed, non-degenerate differential form of arbitrary degree. Associated to it there are an [Formula: see text]-algebra of observables, and an [Formula: see text]-algebra of sections of the higher Courant algebroid twisted by [Formula: see text]. Our main result is the existence of an [Formula: see text]-embedding of the former into the latter. We display explicit formulae for the embedding, involving the Bernoulli numbers. When [Formula: see text] is an integral symplectic form, the embedding can be realized geometrically via the prequantization construction, and when [Formula: see text] is a 3-form the embedding was found by Rogers in 2010. Further, in the presence of homotopy moment maps, we show that the embedding is compatible with gauge transformations.
Kowalevskaya exponents and normal forms of planar dynamical systems. Application to integrability problem
Authors: Algaba Antonio , García Cristóbal , Reyes Manuel , Giné Jaume
Published: November 2024

In this work, dynamical properties of the solutions of differential systems in the plane are provided using certain constants related with the Kowalevskaya exponents. An orbital normal form that allows to study the existence of analytic and non-analytic first integrals is given. We apply the results to study the algebraic and analytic integrability around several singularities.
On perturbation of matrix-valued Riesz bases over LCA groups
Authors: Jyoti  , Malhotra Hari Krishan
Published: November 2024

Given a [Formula: see text]-compact and metrizable locally compact abelian (LCA) group [Formula: see text], we give new perturbation results for Riesz bases for the matrix-valued function space [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Do You Want to BeReal? Usage Intention and Well-being for the Social Network BeReal
Authors: Fortagne Marius Arved , Brand Benedikt M. , Lis Bettina
Published: November 2024

In contrast to conventional Social Network Sites, BeReal counteracts staged self-portrayal and aims for authenticity by posting a photo at an unannounced time within a short period. This study is the first to investigate drivers and barriers for using BeReal. Furthermore, this study successfully links BeReal usage intention to subjective well-being. Building on the Self-Determination Theory, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2, and specific particularities, a research model is validated by n = 657 consumers using partial least square structural equation modeling. The study contributes to the research intersection of SNS, technology acceptance, and effects on well-being.
A study of Raychaudhuri equation and geodesic focusing in fractal universe
Authors: Chakraborty Madhukrishna , Chakraborty Subenoy
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with the modified Raychaudhuri equation (RE) within the framework of homogeneous and isotropic Fractal Universe. Focusing of a congruence of time-like geodesics has been examined for three generic choices of the fractal function. Finally, comments on the existence and possible avoidance of the initial big-bang singularity have been made by examining the sign of convergence scalar in the fractal models under consideration.
A cyclic Ricci–Gauss–Bonnet universe
Authors: Pradhan Anirudh , Ahmed Nasr , Dixit Archana
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we present a simple toy model for a possible Ricci–Gauss–Bonnet gravity universe in which a novel form of cyclic evolution occurs where the Hubble parameter remains positive and oscillates. In this model, we have used the form for [Formula: see text] gravity as [Formula: see text]. In order to simulate cosmic transit, we have considered a time-dependent deceleration parameter oscillating in between the two phases of deceleration and acceleration which leads to a specific form for the Hubble parameter. The current periodic model predicts the deceleration–acceleration cosmic transit to happen at approximately [Formula: see text]. The evolution of different parameters with the redshift has been plotted and analyzed. The contributions of the entropy-corrected holographic dark energy and the modified holographic Ricci dark energy density to the total energy parameter have been investigated.
On the stability of a version of nonlocal Sobolev inequality
Authors: Ye Weiwei , Zhang Xinyun
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigate the stability of the corresponding nonlocal Sobolev inequality [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the best constant. More specifically, by utilizing the non-degenerate property, we will give the remainder term which is proportional to the quadratic distance.
Unveiling New Dimensions in Soft Disemigraph Theory: Lexicographic and Restricted Lexicographic Products
Authors: Jose Jinta , George Bobin , Thumbakara Rajesh K.
Published: November 2024

Soft set theory provides a systematic approach for handling imprecision and uncertainty by categorizing elements of a set based on specific parameters. In semigraph theory, soft semigraphs utilize this approach, offering a parameterized perspective that has significantly advanced the field through effective parameter management. Building on this foundation, disemigraphs extend semigraphs by incorporating directional relationships among vertices, making them ideal for modeling scenarios where the sequence and direction of connections are crucial. In this paper, we introduce and explore the lexicographic product, and restricted lexicographic product of soft disemigraphs. We provide formal definitions, illustrative examples, and detailed proofs of several theorems to investigate the properties of these product operations.
Some spectral properties of quasi-dominant operators
Authors: Saddi Adel , Sbita Samir
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we introduce a new class of operators called the class of quasi-dominant operators. This class includes hyponormal, [Formula: see text]-hyponormal and dominant operators. Our results are motivated by several known properties of [Formula: see text]-quasi-[Formula: see text]-hyponormal operators [F. Zuo and S. Mecheri, Spectral properties of [Formula: see text]-quasi-[Formula: see text]-hyponormal operators, Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 12 (2018) 1877–1887], then by those of normal operators. Besides we study the local spectral properties for this class of operators.
Generalized Fuglede–Putnam theorem for A-normal operators
Authors: Saddi Adel , Sedki Amira
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we use a new version of Fuglede–Putnam theorem to establish a relation between the classes of [Formula: see text]-normal and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-normal operators, where [Formula: see text] is a given non-negative operator, so that many other results related to these classes will be obtained. Moreover, we characterize linear transformations defined on a separable Hilbert space that preserve the given classes of operators. In the second strand of the paper, we present a type of generalizations of the considered Theorem for [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-normal operators.
Unveiling the pressure-induced physical variations in Cs2SnBr6 and Cs2SnCl6: A DFT study
Authors: Shakeel Shakeel , Song Peng , Huang Taihong , Shah Syed Hatim , Murtaza G. , Alotaibi Nouf H. , Mohammad Saikh , Ali Rawaid
Published: November 2024

This study employs the FP-LAPW method based on DFT to investigate the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Cs2SnBr6 and Cs2SnCl6 under a range of pressures up to 30[Formula: see text]GPa. We use the TB-mBJ functional to analyze the electronic and optical properties of the materials, while the GGA–PBEsol is employed to study their structural properties. Applying pressure causes a decrease in the unit cell volume and lattice constant of the double perovskites. At zero pressure, both Cs2SnBr6 and Cs2SnCl6 exhibit a direct bandgap. The bandgaps of both the materials decrease as the pressure increases from 0[Formula: see text]GPa to 20[Formula: see text]GPa but slightly increase for the increase in pressure from 20[Formula: see text]GPa to 30[Formula: see text]GPa. The DOS analysis conducted at 0[Formula: see text]GPa and 30[Formula: see text]GPa demonstrates a decrease in the number of states per[Formula: see text]eV as the pressure increases, along with an increase in bandwidth and a shift of the peaks toward negative energy. The electron density contours exhibit the presence of both covalent and ionic bonds at zero pressure, whereas at a pressure of 30[Formula: see text]GPa, the covalent bond strength is enhanced. Optical properties of Cs2SnBr6 and Cs2SnCl6 were investigated over a pressure range of 0–30[Formula: see text]GPa and a photon energy range of 0–10[Formula: see text]eV. With increasing pressure, the initial peak in these parameters was red-shifted due to a decrease in bandgap energy, while the remaining peaks blue-shifted due to the broadening of conduction and valence bands.
Collaborative Unmanned Aerial Package Pickup and Delivery System
Authors: Haviland Stephen , Bershadsky Dmitry , Pravitra Jintasit , Nakamura Takuma , Johnson Eric , Khamvilai Thanakorn
Published: November 2024

A system using aerial vehicles to autonomously locate and retrieve ground packages of various colors and shapes within a designated area was developed. This system was notable for its use of an innovative rotor configuration that offered a higher degree of control compared to traditional designs. To accurately identify and track the packages, a multi-sensor approach combining vision and Light Detection and Ranging technologies was implemented, integrating data into an extended Kalman filter framework for precise position and velocity estimates. An electro-permanent magnet was employed to securely grab and release the packages, which have a ferrous material. The process of path planning and collision avoidance was conducted in a decentralized manner, leveraging a shared global map among the airborne vehicles. This paper details system technical design, including the integration of various technologies, and shares insights and outcomes derived from its application.