bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernism and Mobilization: From Viktor Sokolsky’s Economic Principle to Interwar Architectural Planning
Authors: Vronskaya Alla
Published: March 2022

Influential before the revolution of 1917, the work of the now-forgotten Russian imperial military architect Viktor Sokolsky (1869–1913) on the efficiency of construction continued to be studied in the aftermath of the revolution. An analysis of its influence reveals how modern architecture converged with military history, blurring the established historiographic boundaries between the radical and the regressive. Among the projects that developed Sokolsky’s intentions is Moisei Ginzburg’s Narkomfin building in Moscow (1928–1930). The genealogy of this modernist icon reveals its roots in a typology well developed in imperial military architecture: the barracks. This example demonstrates that the emergence of modern, mass, warfare led to an elaboration of the principles of modernist, mass architecture with its ethos of hygiene, efficiency, and economy.
Controlo da fadiga associada à doença oncológica através de programas de exercício físico: uma scoping review
Authors: Rodrigues Catarina , Gomes Bárbara , Albuquerque Carlos
Published: March 2022

Objectivo: Determinar a efetividade das intervenções de enfermagem baseadas no exercício na redução da fadiga associada à doença oncológica. Métodos: Realizada uma scoping review, recorrendo às bases de dados PubMed, CINHAL complete, BVS, Scielo e ao motor de busca google académico. Os estudos eram incluídos se fossem publicados nos últimos 10 anos, em português, inglês ou espanhol e que se referissem a intervenções baseadas no exercício, com impacto na fadiga associada à doença oncológica, implementadas exclusivamente por enfermeiros. O corpus ficou constituído por 11 artigos. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o exercício, durante ou após os tratamentos oncológicos, pode reduzir os efeitos da fadiga na pessoa com diferentes diagnósticos de cancro. Os vários programas de exercício testados incluem o treino aeróbio, de resistência e/ou estiramento muscular, que diferem na sua duração, frequência, intensidade e grau de supervisão. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros podem desenvolver a sua prática na educação da pessoa com doença oncológica para os benéficos do exercício no controlo da fadiga, mas podem ainda desenvolver e supervisionar programas baseados no exercício, integrados numa equipa multidisciplinar, de forma a obterem os melhores resultados possíveis para esta população específica.
Mental health literacy: a systematic review of the measurement instruments
Authors: Balula Chaves Cláudia , Sequeira Carlos , Carvalho Duarte João , Nelas Paula , Gonçalves Amadeu , Santos Eduardo
Published: March 2022

Background: Mental health literacy has become increasingly important as an empowerment tool in the field of mental health. Any intervention should always be preceded by a clear diagnosis of the situation. Objectives: To identify mental health literacy measurement instruments among adults living in a given community. Methods: An integrativereview of theliterature wasconducted using the PICOD method bysearching thefollowing scientific databases: PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, EBSCO, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. The JBI critical appraisal checklist for methodological quality was used and the PRISMA guidelines were taken into account to critically assess the quality of the studies included in this work. Three articles met the inclusion criteria and were therefore included in the study. Results: Three instruments for assessing mental health literacy were identified: the MHLS, the MHKQ and the MAKS. The assessment of the methodological and psychometric quality of each of these instruments demonstrated that one of the studies showed a very good level of reliability, another study showed an acceptable level of reliability, whereas the last one showed a poor level of reliability. Conclusion: These results show that the MHLS is the best validated assessment tool for health care professionals. Given the limited number of primary studies identified, the construction of an instrument to assess the level of positive mental health literacy in the community is crucial.
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Topical Issues of Synonymous Comparisons in Jurisprudence (on the example of the Word «Interest»)
Authors: Malinova A. G.
Published: March 2022

The study of numerous cases of applying the method of synonymous comparison of words and terms in the legal literature revealed that these comparisons are often made not at the level of words and terms, but at the level of concepts and categories, which is unacceptable from the point of view of the doctrine of synonymy Using specific examples of comparing the word «interest» with phrases in which this word is also used, the author substantiates inadmissibility of such comparisons. The paper explains the prospects for more active use in jurisprudence of certain concepts from the terminological apparatus of linguistics, in particular the terms «quasisynonym» and «engionim». The paper analyzes the long-term use of the terms «legitimate interest» and «legally protected interest» by the domestic legislator. It is shown that this happens due to the need to more accurately designate the real phenomenon, and for this, it is precisely those meanings by which these words and phrases differ that are most suitable. The author suggests that the legal approach to determining the meanings of such words and phrases cannot end with «declaring» them synonyms, but should focus on finding those significant differences between them, which give grounds to the legislator to use these quasi-synonyms.
The Issue of «Anti-COVID» Legal Restrictions in the Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
Authors: Brezhnev O. V.
Published: March 2022

The paper deals with the problems related to the legal nature, regulation and procedure for the implementation of legal restrictions in the Russian Federation under the conditions of the high alert regime aimed to prevent the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-2019). The corresponding legal restrictions were introduced in spring 2020 by the regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the absence of rules in the federal legislation at that time regulating in detail the limits of the respective powers of regional authorities. The paper provides the content of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation concerning the issues of competence of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to establish such legal restrictions, constitutional criteria for assessing their admissibility and proportionality. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of restrictions imposed on the constitutional freedom of movement, which, as the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation pointed out, are not identical with the restriction of personal freedom. The author elucidates the purpose of the introduced temporary legal restrictions, which is to ensure self-organization of the society in the event of a common threat.
International Law Foundations and Conditions for the Formation of the Russian System of Administrative and Legal Support for Aviation Security
Authors: Zaikova S. N.
Published: March 2022

The Russian state system for ensuring aviation security is based on legislation that defines the goals, objectives, principles and a legal status of participants in transport legal relations. The purpose of the study was to determine the international legal foundations and conditions that contribute to the development of Russian legislation in the field of transport security, to study international experience in the fight against terrorism in transport and the main provisions of convention decisions that establish mandatory requirements for participating countries. The paper presents the results of the analysis of international, Russian legislation and the opinions of scientists, practitioners regarding the formation of a sustainable Russian system of transport security, its integration into the international security system. It describes various convention interpretations of the concepts of «aircraft in flight», «illegal acts on board an aircraft», various approaches to determining the jurisdiction of states. Proposals have been made to supplement Art. 20.1 «Petty hooliganism» of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation with the part providing for liability for petty hooliganism committed on board: «Petty hooliganism, that is, a violation of public order that threatens or may threaten the safety of the aircraft.»
Principles of Regulation of Payment Systems as a Tool to Reduce the Legal Risk of their Functioning
Authors: Larionova E. S.
Published: March 2022

The paper is devoted to the consideration of the role of the principles of payment systems regulation in reducing the legal risk of their activities. The relevance of the issue under study is predetermined by the fact that amendments to the legislation on payment systems are made quite often, which increases the likelihood of legal risk. The purpose of the study is to assess the importance of the principles of regulation of payment systems for ensuring their proper functioning. The study describes a system of principles that reduce legal risk, analyzes the sources of legal risk, and proposes their classification depending on the mechanism of affecting the payment system. The application of the principles makes it possible to manage legal risk by directly and indirectly influencing the activities of the payment system and the entities that ensure its functioning. The author examines the legal model for introducing principles into the current regulation of payment systems. In particular, it is proposed to improve the monitoring mechanism through the introduction of qualitative and quantitative indicators of implementation of principles in the activities of payment systems.
Evaluation Concepts in Civil Law: Historical Experiences of Development and Application
Authors: Arakelyan A. A.
Published: March 2022

The process of formation and development of evaluation concepts in civil law has a long history and is associated with the development of law, the improvement of legislative technology due to the gradual abandonment of the casuistic method of regulating legal relations and the increase in the abstractness of legal prescriptions. This legal writing technique had already been present in the law of ancient states. The purpose of the paper is to clarify the features of the formation and development of evaluation concepts in civil law through the study of the historical experience of their use in the sources of civil law, which to a certain extent became the basis of modern Russian civil law. It is also relevant to establish the reasons for the growing trend towards the use of more flexible methods of regulating civil law relations. As a result of comparative legal research, analysis of historical sources of law and modern legislation, it was concluded that civil law norms containing evaluation concepts are known to all legal systems from the earliest stages of development of law. These legal constructions are an integral part of legal regulation. The paper analyzes and substantiates the historical conditionality of a steady upward trend in civil law in the number of norms containing evaluation concepts, the continuity of this process. The reason for this is the improvement and development of legislative techniques, the use of more flexible dispositive methods of regulating civil legal relations. At the same time, attempts by the legislator to fix the main features and content, approximate criteria for individual evaluation concepts in the rules of law are noted in order to uniformly apply them and limit the freedom of discretion of the law enforcer
Relations Regulated by the Norms Contained in the Civil Procedural Codes and the Subject of Civil Procedural Law
Authors: Kazikhanova S. S.
Published: March 2022

The paper analyses legal relations that develop in writ proceedings and conciliation procedures and substantiates the idea that they are not included in the subject of civil procedural law. The author shows their qualitative difference from the industry forming relations arising in the administration of justice and the impossibility of combining them in the subject of the industry. The effectiveness of changes in civil procedural legislation aimed at reducing the judicial burden is assessed. It is pointed out that it is inadmissible to refuse procedural guarantees of justice. The author agrees with the position existing in the scientific literature on the exclusion of writ proceedings from the jurisdiction of the courts in order to optimize the workload on judges. Attention is given to the need to improve the procedure for issuing court orders, some measures are proposed for this. Due to the lack of connection between the relations that develop in conciliation procedures and the subject of the industry, the inclusion of the norms regulating them in the texts of civil procedural codes is criticized.
Participation of a Mentally Ill Person in the Commission of a Crime
Authors: Klepitskiy I. A.
Published: March 2022

The paper substantiates that the concept of complicity in criminal law requires adjustment: a one-sided subjective connection should be sufficient for complicity. The practice of qualifying acts committed with the participation of menyally ill persons and minors does not fully comply with the principles of criminal law and the objectives of criminal policy. Judicial practice, recognizing the possibility of qualifying the participation in a crime of a mentally ill or minor as a group of persons, has resorted to a broad interpretation of the law. As a result, there are no obstacles to understanding such participation as a group of persons by prior agreement, which, however, is not supported in the current practice. Classification as the actions of the perpetrator of the use of a mentally ill person or a minor in the commission of a crime does not solve the problem, for example, in the case of a crime committed with a special subject recognized as mentally ill. The problem requires a legislative solution. A new definition of complicity is proposed as the intentional participation of a person in the commission of an intentional crime by another person, as well as in the commission of an act prohibited by criminal law, by a person who is not subject to criminal liability due to his age, insanity or other circumstances.
On Public Prosecutor’s Supervision over the Implementation of Environmental Legislation in Transport
Authors: Dikanova T. A. , Izgagina T. Yu.
Published: March 2022

The paper is devoted to the problems of public prosecutor’s supervision over the implementation of environmental legislation in air, rail, water, road and pipeline transport. The features of the legal regulation of the transportation of especially dangerous goods are analyzed following the case of heavy-duty road and water transport; legislation establishing environmental requirements for economic activities in transport; the authors list the main international agreements concluded in this area. A brief analysis of the state of legality in the field of compliance with environmental requirements in transport is given: the dynamics of environmental crime in transport and the number of violations detected by transport prosecutors are analyzed; the most priority areas of supervision, typical violations identified by prosecutors, and factors contributing to violations are noted; response measures taken by prosecutors. Measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of prosecutorial supervision in the area of supervision under consideration are proposed.
The interrelation of seborrheic dermatitis with facial skin lesions with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Molodykh Kristina Yu. , Araviiskaia Elena R. , Sokolovskiy Evgeny V.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: In recent decades, interest in the role of metabolic syndrome and its impact on dermatological pathology has been steadily increasing. One of the pathogenetic components of the metabolic syndrome is inflammation, and many pro-inflammatory factors play a crucial role in the development of this disease. However, the interrelation between the metabolic syndrome and facial skin lesions in seborrheic dermatitis remains not fully understood.
AIMS: To identify a possible association of seborrheic dermatitis with the involvement of the skin of the face with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 45 patients with seborrheic dermatitis, divided into 3 groups (patients with seborrheic dermatitis, patients with seborrheic dermatitis and metabolic syndrome, and patients with seborrheic dermatitis, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus). The severity of the disease was determined by the lesion area and the seborrheic dermatitis severity index (SEDASI). The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the NCEP ATP III criteria.
RESULTS: When assessing the severity of seborrheic dermatitis of the face and scalp, it was found that in group 1, a mild degree was observed in all (100%) patients. In group 2, 7 (46.7%) patients had moderate lesion and 8 (53.3%) patients had severe lesion. In group 3, a moderate degree of the disease was observed in 10 (82%) patients and severe in 5 (18%) patients. A positive correlation was found between the indices of metabolic syndrome and the severity of seborrheic dermatitis with facial skin lesions. A significant correlation was shown between the level of triglycerides and the number of anatomical zones involved in the process (r=0.74; p 0.01). In patients of groups 2 and 3, a direct interrelation was established between low levels of HDL, high levels of LDL and the severity of SD of the face (r=0.379; p=0.76), (r=0.321, p=0.037).
CONCLUSION: The severity of the course and spread of seborrheic dermatitis on the face can serve as a diagnostic marker of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. An increase in the level of LDL and triglycerides, a decrease in the level of HDL, and insulin resistance are associated with a severe course of seborrheic dermatitis in a person, playing a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Bullous pemphigoid of pregnancy: clinical picture, diagnostics, treatment
Authors: Snarskaya Elena S. , Kochergin Nikolay G. , Galaktionova Eugenia V. , Vovdenko Ksenia A.
Published: March 2022

Pregnancy is a particular period in womans life. It accompanies with plenty of adaptation changes include many on skin. Pathological morphofunctional changes form a group of pregnancy-specific dermatoses.
The clinical case of bullous pemphigoid of pregnancy is presented in the article. The disease occurs during pregnancy or postpartum period. The incidence is estimated to be approximately 1 in 60,000 pregnancies. Clinically, PG is characterized by intense pruritus and polymorphic skin eruptions. Skin lesions develop including erythematous patches and plaques, followed by urticarial rash and blisters. Diagnosis of the disease is based on the features of the clinical picture, complex data of pathomorphological and immunological research methods, including direct or indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical determination of a fragment of the complement component C4d and determination of serum antibodies to BP180.
The most effective treatment is systemic glucocorticosteroids in combination with topical steroids and/or antihistamines. Timely diagnosing and prescribing appropriate medication are highly important in preventing intrauterine fetal suffering.
Modern concepts of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Snarskaya Elena S. , Rusina Tatiana S.
Published: March 2022

Rosacea is a multifactorial chronic pathology characterized by a complex etiopathogenesis. Rosacea is represented by 4 subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, rhinophyma and ophthalmic rosacea.
Clinical manifestations of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea reduce the quality of human life, which is manifested by disorders of the psychoemotional sphere of varying severity. The erythematotelangiectatic subtype is influenced by two groups of trigger factors ― internal and external.
Mandatory areas of patients management with rosacea in general include the triad of treatment: providing proper skin care, health education, a set of therapeutic measures.
Rosacea drug therapy is divided into local and systemic. The main treatment for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is to eliminate the vascular component and reduce the severity of transient and persistent erythema.
Among the physiotherapeutic methods, the most promising today are considered to be laser therapy and an intense pulsed light system (IPL). The effectiveness of laser medicine in dermatology is due to the ability to selectively build up the laser of the chromophochic layer of the dermis. The mechanism of action of IPL-therapy is associated with the absorption of photons by internal or external chromophores, which are located in different layers of the skin, which can locally increase the temperature and cause destructed target formations.
A review of the literature on pathogenesis, trigger factors, classification and modern treatment of eerythematotelangiectatic rosacea is based on an analysis of articles on the relevant topic 44 presented in information systems electronic library, PubMed, NCBI, Embase. Studies are described demonstrating the convincing effectiveness of the treatment of patients with lasers and the IPL system.
Bombax ceiba plant
Authors: Raigar Ramlal
Published: March 2022

Plants have been an important source of medicines since the beginning of cultivation. There is a growing demand for plant-based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. Bombax ceiba Linn. (Bombacaceae) is a tall tree buttressed at the base that is widely distributed throughout India, Ceylon and Malaya, upto 1500 m of altitude. Many parts of the plant (root, stem bark, gum, leaf, prickles, flower, fruit, seed and heartwood) are used by various tribal communities and forest dwellers for the treatment of a variety of ailments. The plant literature survey shows the plant possesses astringent, cooling, stimulant, diuretic, aphrodisiac, demulcent, and tonic effects and also helps in dysentery. It also possesses important pharmacological activity such as aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity in addition to anticancer and anti-HIV activity, anti-Helicobacter pylori, antiangiogenic, analgesic and antioxidant activity and hypotensive, hypoglycemic and antimicrobial activity. It is reported to contain important phytoconstituents such as naphthol, naphthoquinones, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, shamimin and lupeol.
Immunotherapy in cancer: A review
Authors: Kulkarni Preeti D , Kadam Suraksha C , Nair Sainath M , Jankar Yogesh A , Sharma Disha , Badadhe Sandip G , Ghante Minal R
Published: March 2022

Cancer is the most threatening disorder with increasing stuffers globally. Immune system of human body carries a set of defensive processes whenever cancer is detected by its specialized cells. While immunosurveillance, the host fight against foreign antigens. By targeting surface antigens expressed in tumor cells, monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated efficacy as cancer therapeutics. The checkpoint blockade therapy involves the use of antibodies to block pathways inhibiting the endogenous immune response to cancer. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is highly personalized cancer bearing host of immune cells with direct anticancer activity. We emphasize how the history of cancer immunotherapy paved the path for discoveries that are now standard of care in this review article.
A study of compliance and insight in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Hyder Shafeen , Monga Abhinav , Paisari Pradeep , Kunjumoidee Raihana Rasheed
Published: March 2022

Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder with prevalence of 1%. The long course of illness warrants strict compliance to antipsychotic medications which is a common challenge faced by the treating psychiatrist and it affects the quality of life of the patient and the caregiver. This study aims to understand the complex relationship between insight of having the illness and compliance to medications.

To study the relationship between insight and medication compliance in schizophrenia.

This cross-sectional study included 50 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, attending the psychiatry OPD or admitted in psychiatry ward who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After taking the informed consent, the compliance and patients’ attitude towards illness and medication was assessed using Adherence to medication regimen. Insight was assessed using Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder.

A total of 21 patients (42%) were fully compliant to their treatment, whereas more than half of patients had full insight into their illness (n=30, 60%). Lack of insight correlated with poor compliance. Patients with poor compliance were also less aware of the beneficial effects of the treatment. There was also a statistically significant relationship between insight, compliance and patients’ belief that medications help in keeping them in good mental health.

Patients with better understanding of nature of illness and symptoms were more compliant with medications. This reinforces the role of insight facilitation along with psychoeducation of family members regarding compliance in the treatment of schizophrenia. Further exploration of patients’ and relatives' concept of illness and the treatment are needed to develop interventions to improve compliance.
Secular changes of height and body mass of children and youth in the Bydgoszcz region
Authors: Nowicki Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

The secular changes of height and body mass of girls and boys in the Bydgoszcz region in the period between 1935 and 1991 have been presented in this paper. Over the period of 56 years changes of the traits under investigation showed periodical diversification. Between 1935-1946 a regress was observed, between 1952 and 1971 the greatest average secular changes took place, the years from 1972 to 1979 were characterized by a slowdown in the changes, and in the period from 1979 through 1991 there was a set back in the secular trend of the investigated traits. This is probably due to the fluctuation in the standard of living of the Polish society. The maximum intensification of the secular changes occurs in age groups 13.5 years, 14.5 years, and 15.5 years. Analysis of the research results indicates that the changes are more conspicuous among boys than among girls.
Comparative analysis of construction materials used for fastening elements of six-point safety belts in rally cars
Authors: Dziubek Mateusz , Grygier Dominika
Published: March 2022

Safety belts are one of the most significant elements of car equipment classified as passive safety. This paper provides a comparative material analysis of critical components of a trusted manufacturer's six-point harness used in motorsports racing with commercially available imitation belts. Despite the FIA certification labels, the imitation belts are characterized by extremely poor quality in the selection of materials for components such as the snap hooks and the locking sleeves in the central fastening mechanism, posing a real hazard to unaware belt users. At the same time, the results of the research are also intended to build consumer awareness of the risks associated with the purchase of passive safety equipment from unreliable sources or/and at discount prices, which entails real threats to life and health.
Problems of regeneration of modern piezoelectric fuel injectors
Authors: Stoeck Tomasz
Published: March 2022

The paper presents a method of testing piezoelectric fuel injectors in modern common rail systems, which allows them to be repaired almost to the full extent. The obtained results indicate that this process can be effectively carried out, even taking into account the existing technological limitations. The most important stages of the implemented activities are specified, first of all the scope of required maintenance activities in the pre- and post-assembly stages, as well as the types of diagnostic tests carried out on separate test benches. Although the presented analysis concerns a specific example, individual conclusions and observations can be applied to fuel injectors from other manufacturers, in which the actuator is not replaceable.
Optimasi Konsentrasi Vaselin Album dan Adeps Lanae pada Formulasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.)
Authors: Alfilaili Baiq Saomi , Hajrin Wahida , Juliantoni Yohanes
Published: March 2022

Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti tanin, flavonoid, dan saponin. Senyawa metabolit sekunder ini berfungsi sebagai antibakteri, sehingga dapat dikembangkan menjadi suatu sediaan. Salah satu bentuk sediaan yang dapat dikembangkan yaitu bentuk sediaan salep. Pemilihan konsentrasi basis sangat penting karena dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik dan efektivitas sediaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi formula optimum ekstrak etanol daun kersen dengan variasi konsentrasi vaselin album dan adeps lanae, serta sifat fisik dan tingkat penerimaan konsumen formula yang dinyatakan optimum. Daun kersen diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Penentuan nilai optimum dilakukan menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design yang tersedia dalam software Design Expert Versi 11. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan formula salep yang optimum memiliki komposisi vaselin album dan adeps lanae sebesar 73,29 % dan 9,71%, dengan daya sebar 3,10±0,12 cm, daya lekat 6,10±0,53 detik,  pH 4,78±0,08, dan nilai akseptabilitas sebesar 4,02. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa formula yang dinyatakan optimum memiliki sifat fisik yang memenuhi persyaratan dan disukai oleh responden.
Free Chlorine Determination in Disinfectant Product using Visible Spectrophotometry based on Prussian Blue Degradation
Authors: Wasito Hendri , Siagian Defi Srium , Fareza Muhamad Salman
Published: March 2022

Disinfectant products with excessive chlorine could be dangerous for health and need quality control. It is important to develop an analytical method for monitoring product quality. The main objective of this work is to develop an alternative method and evaluate the analytical performance of visible spectrophotometry for determining free chlorine in disinfectant products based on the Prussian blue decomposition process. The capability of chlorine to oxidize ferrous to ferric ions makes the Prussian blue generated by ferrosulfate and potassium ferricyanide is decomposed and measured by spectrophotometer. The formation of Prussian blue was improved by optimizing some reaction conditions and assessing incubation time. Linearity, analytical concentration range, precision, accuracy, detection limit, and quantitation limit parameters were among the examined analytical parameters. The results showed that the optimum concentration of ferrosulfate, potassium ferysianide, and hydrochloric acid for Prussian blue formation was 2.0 mmol L-1, 3.0 mmol L-1, and 0.5 mol L-1, respectively, with 15 minutes incubation time after chlorine addition. Analytical performance parameters seemed appropriate for routine analysis purposes. The developed method can also be applied as an alternative analytical method to determine the free chlorine concentration of disinfection products in the market.
A Analisis Hubungan antar Stakeholder pada Pengeringan Daerah Irigasi Serayu dalam Protes Petani di Kecamatan Kesugihan dengan Social Network Analysis
Authors: Fernyawan Dicky
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi stakeholder yang terlibat di dalam D.I Serayu, menganalisis alur komunikasi dan koordinasi stakeholder di D.I Serayu, dan menganalisis faktor penyebab permasalahan petani di Kecamatan Kesugihan melakukan aksi protes mengenai pengeringan saluran di D.I Serayu. Penelitian dilakukan di daerah Kesugihan dan Sampang, Kabupaten Cilacap. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis jaringan (Social Network Analysis) dan analisis sebab-akibat (Fishbone Diagram). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan stakeholder yang terlibat di D.I Serayu yaitu Komisi Irigasi Cilacap, Dinas PSDA, Dinas Pertanian, UPTD Pengairan Kroya, Balai Penyuluh Pertanian, Kemantren/Juru, pihak Kecamatan, Pemdes, dan beberapa GP3A/P3A/Gapoktan/Poktan. Alur komunikasi dan koordinasi stakeholder di D.I Serayu tidak ada yang terputus, serta Pemdes Kalisabuk, BBP Kesugihan dan UPTD Pengairan Kroya mempunyai peran penting dalam jaringan. Penyebab petani protes bukan karena terputusnya informasi, tetapi karena petani meminta pengunduran pengeringan karena komunikasi mengenai informasi pengeringan kepada petani kurang efektif.
The Impact of Combination Therapy with Rivaroxaban and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease on the Achievement of the Target for Reducing Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases of the Federal Project "Fight against Cardiovascular Diseases"
Authors: Zhuravleva M. V. , Panov A. V. , Kuksenok A. R.
Published: March 2022

Aim. To assess the outcomes of combination therapy with rivaroxaban and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and a high risk of thrombotic events on the set targets of Ministry of Health for reduction of cardiovascular mortality in Russia.

Material and methods. The development of the model for analysis in MS Excel included the following stages: calculation of the population of patients with stable CAD who can be treated with combination therapy (rivaroxaban and ASA); calculation of the number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), number of strokes and myocardial infarction (MI) in the current scenario (patients receive monotherapy with ASA) and simulated scenario (some patients switch from monotherapy to combination therapy); estimation the impact of the number of avoided cases of deaths due to combination therapy on set target for reducing CVD mortality in 2024 year; sensitivity analysis to assess the sustainability of outcomes.

Results. Total number of eligible patients for combination therapy was estimated as 1.08 million patients. Based on the simulation results, it was determined that with the reallocation of patients from monotherapy with ASA to combination therapy with rivaroxaban and ASA, the number of avoided deaths in 2022 will be 973 cases, in 2023 – 1,622 cases, in 2024 – 3,245 cases, which will make it possible to reach 6.7%, 7.4% and 11.1% of the set target for reduction of mortality from CVD in the respective years. In addition, the gradual reallocation of patients from monotherapy to combination therapy might decrease the cases of stroke and MI in 973 and 649 cases by 2022, 1,622 and 1,082 cases by 2023, and 3 245 and 2 163 cases by 2024 year, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that outcomes are sustainable.

Conclusion. The use of combination therapy of rivaroxaban and ASA in patients with stable CAD and high thrombotic risk will allow to achieve up to 11.1% of the set target for reduction of mortality from CVD by 2024 in Russia and can also potentially impact on another set target for reduction mortality from cerebrovascular diseases by reducing the number of strokes. Thereby, this therapy can be considered for drug provision programmes for patients with stable CAD and high thrombotic risk to fulfill the goals to reduce mortality from CVD.
Three Year Prognosis of Patients with Myocardial Infarction Depending on the Body Weight Index: Data of the Kemerovo Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry
Authors: Sedykh D. Yu. , German A. I. , Hryachkova O. N. , Kashtalap V. V. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: March 2022

Aim. To study the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the 3-year prognosis of patients after myocardial infarction (MI).

Material and methods. The study is based on data from a 3-year observation of patients with MI from the Kemerovo registry of acute coronary syndrome (n=1366). The characteristics of patients with MI, distributed by the BMI, were determined, the outcomes were analyzed, the risk factors and predictors for the vascular events and mortality were identified.

Results. Obesity was detected in 32.2% people with MI (I degree – 22.3%; II – 7.7%; III – 2.3%), lack of BMI at 0.5%, normal BMI at 20.5%, overweight at 46.9%. Patients with different BMI showed a comparable incidence of recurring MI. In patients with normal BMI, when compared with patients with obesity, unstable angina pectoris (UA), heart failure (HF) and strokes developed often. In patients with normal BMI compared with obese patients, fewer deaths from all causes were recorded within 3 years after MI. A similar pattern with respect to the group with normal BMI in terms of high overall mortality was obtained among patients with overweight who had a lower UA. Patients with obesity was favorable in relation to the development of HF, strokes and overall mortality than patients with overweight. Differences in the 3-year outcomes in the group of patients with MI and underweight were not found when compared with patients with normal and overweight, however, they had a higher of strokes compared with patients with obesity. At patients with I degree obesity within 3 years after MI UA, HF, strokes were less. Patients with III degree obesity, the maximum frequency of total mortality was recorded. The development of death from all causes during the observation period in patients with MI and obesity was associated with: male, smoking, multivessel arterial diseases, non-endovascular reperfusion, acute HF with MI, history of vascular events and angina pectoris; whereas with overweight: multifocal atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension; with a deficit of BMI: non-reperfusion; with normal BMI: heredity for cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation.

Conclusion. 3 years after MI patients with obesity of the I degree are less likely than patients with obesity of II-III deaths from all causes are recorded; these patients are less likely than patients with normal weight to develop strokes, HF, UA. Thus, patients with MI and the presence of I degree obesity are characterized by better survival during 3 years of observation.
Arterial Stiffness Parameters and Subendocardial Viability Ratio in Patients with Arterial Hypertension Affected by Subclinical and Clinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Gumerova V. E. , Gomonova V. V. , Sayganov S. A.
Published: March 2022

Aim. Assessment the arteries' stiffness parameters and subendocardial viability ratio in hypertensive patients with various degrees of severity of the atherosclerotic process manifestation.

Material and methods. 133 hypertensive patients were divided into 3 groups, similar in age and sex, depending on the severity of the atherosclerotic process: hypertensive patients without atherosclerosis (n=42; 53.3±7.6 years); patients with hypertension and  subclinical  atherosclerosis  (SА) (n=52; 56.5±8.0 years); patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=39; 57.4±6.8years) and control group which consisted of individuals without cardiovascular diseases (n=33; 54.6±8.4 years). All participants underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring with assessment of arterial stiffness parameters and subendocardial viability ratio (SERV).

Results. Subjects from all groups with hypertension have significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) (131.1±11.9, 127.8±14.8, 128.6±15.3 respectively; p<0.001), as well as central systolic blood pressure (SBPao) (122.0±11.0, 118.8±12.7, 119.9±13.3 respectively; p<0.001), pulse pressure (PP) (46.4±9.8, 45.6±10.6, 48.9±12.0 respectively; p<0.05) and central pulse pressure (PPao) (35.5±8.5, 34.9±8.5, 38.5±9.6 respectively; p<0.05), pulse wave velocity in aorta (PWVao) (11.3±1.5, 12.3±1.8, 11.5±1.7 respectively; p<0.05) compared with control group (SBP 116.3±7.3; SBPao 108.9±6.4, PP 39.9±6.5, PPao 30.9±5.4, PWVao 10.4±1.3). In hypertensive patients with SA, PWVao was significantly higher compared to other groups (p<0.05). With bringing the indicator to SBP 100 mmHg and HR=60 beats/min, there were no differences between the control group and the group with hypertension (p=0.3), also groups with hypertension+SA and hypertension+CAD did not significantly differ from each other (p=0.6). SERV in subjects with hypertension+SA was significantly lower than in patients with hypertension (p<0.05) and no significant differences were detected with the group with hypertension+CAD (p=0.77).

Conclusions. In hypertensive patients with SA, a decrease in subendocardial perfusion is associated with an increase in pulse wave velocity in aorta. Moreover, such a decrease in perfusion approaches to the values of patients suffering from coronary artery disease, which indicates significant changes in the small vessels of the heart that form the coronary reserve.
Polyphyllin VII is a Potential Drug Targeting CD44 Positive Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhu Ye , Fu Fei , Wang Zhongyu , Qiu Fen , Deng Ting , Du Boyu , Zhu Yunhe , Xi Xueyan
Published: March 2022

Background:

Current therapies for colon cancer are hindered by treatment failure and recurrence,
mainly due to colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, treatment using drugs targeting CSCs
should be effective in eliminating colon cancer cells and impeding cancer recurrence.

Objective:

This study aimed to test if PPVII can be a potent drug candidate for the treatment of colon
cancer by targeting CD44 positive colon cancer cells.

Methods:

In this study, we first demonstrated that CD44 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues by
TCGA/GTEX database analysis and immunohistochemical staining.

Results:

In this study, we first demonstrated that CD44 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues by
TCGA/GTEX database analysis. CD44 had high accuracy as a diagnostic and predictive index for colorectal
cancer through receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. At the same time, survival
curve analysis also showed that the high expression of CD44 was associated with poor prognosis
in patients with colon cancer. CD44’s higher expression in colon cancer tissues was further confirmed
by immunohistochemical staining; the positive rate of CD44 expression was 87.95%. Then, one of the
constituents that derives from the root of Paris polyphylla, Polyphyllin VII (PPVII), has been confirmed
to inhibit the migration of colon cancer cells. Our results also demonstrated that PPVII could
inhibit the sphere-forming ability of colon cancer cells. Further experiment results showed that PPVII
could downregulate the expression of CD44 in colon cancer cells. In addition, PPVII was proved to
have inhibitory effects against CD44 positive colon cancer cells.

Conclusion:

Therefore, PPVII might be a potent candidate reagent for the treatment of colon cancer by
targeting CD44 positive colon cancer cells.
Genus Zanthoxylum as Sources of Drugs for Treatment of Tropical Parasitic
Diseases
Authors: Mallya Rashmi , Patil Kunal
Published: March 2022

The tropical parasitic infections account to more than 2 billion infections and cause substantial morbidity and mortality, and accounts to several million deaths every year. Majorly parasitic infections in humans and animals are caused by protozoa and helminths. Chronic infections in host can cause retardation, impairment of cognitive skills, development in young children and weaken the immune system. The burden is felt to a greater extent in developing countries due to poverty, inaccessibility to medicines and resistance observed to drugs. Thus, human health continues to be severely harmed by parasitic infections. Medicinal plants have received much attention as alternative sources of drugs. Zanthoxylum genus has been used ethnobotanically as an antiparasitic agent and the phytoconstituents in Zanthoxylum, show wide variety of chemical substances with proven pharmacological actions such as alkaloids (isoquinolines and quinolines responsible for antitumor activity, antimalarial, antioxidant and antimicrobial actions), lignans, coumarins (antibacterial, antitumour, vasodilatory and anticoagulant activities), alkamide (strong insecticidal properties, anthelminthic, antitussive and analgesic anti antimalarial property). Therefore, this article is an attempt to review the existing literature that emphasizes on potential of genus Zanthoxylum as source of lead compounds for treatment of parasitic diseases.
Does Fluid Administration Based on Fluid Responsiveness Tests such as
Passive Leg Raising Improve Outcomes in Sepsis?
Authors: Nugent Kenneth , Berdine Gilbert , Pena Camilo
Published: March 2022

The management of sepsis requires the rapid administration of fluid to support blood
pressure and tissue perfusion. Guidelines suggest that patients should receive 30 ml per kg of fluid
over the first one to three hours of management. The next concern is to determine which patients
need additional fluid. This introduces the concept of fluid responsiveness, defined by an increase
in cardiac output following the administration of a fluid bolus. Dynamic tests, measuring cardiac
output, identify fluid responders better than static tests. Passive leg raising tests provide an alternative
approach to determine fluid responsiveness without administering fluid. However, one small
randomized trial demonstrated that patients managed with frequent passive leg raising tests had a
smaller net fluid balance at 72 hours and reduced requirements for renal replacement therapy and
mechanical ventilation, but no change in mortality. A meta-analysis including 4 randomized control
trials reported that resuscitation guided by fluid responsiveness does not improve mortality
outcomes in patients with sepsis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the early administration of
norepinephrine may improve outcomes in patients with sepsis. The concept of fluid responsiveness
helps clinicians analyze the clinical status of patients, but this information must be integrated into
the overall management of the patient. This review considers the use and benefit of fluid responsiveness
tests to direct fluid administration in patients with sepsis.