bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1H-NMR metabolomic profile of healthy and osteoarthritic canine synovial fluid before and after UC-II supplementation
Authors: Stabile Marzia , Girelli Chiara Roberta , Lacitignola Luca , Samarelli Rossella , Crovace Antonio , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo , Staffieri Francesco
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to compare the metabolomic synovial fluid (SF) profile of dogs affected by spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) and supplemented with undenatured type II collagen (UC-II), with that of healthy control dogs. Client-owned dogs were enrolled in the study and randomized in two different groups, based on the presence/absence of OA (OA group and OA-free group). All dogs were clinically evaluated and underwent SF sampling for1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) analysis at time of presentation. All dogs included in OA group were supplemented with UC-II orally administered for 30 days. After this period, they were reassessed (OA-T30). The differences in the1H-NMR metabolic SFs profiles between groups (OA-free, OA-T0 and OA-T30) were studied. The multivariate statistical analysis performed on SFs under different conditions (OA-T0 vs OA-T30 SFs; OA-T0 vs OA-free SFs and OA-T30 vs OA-free SFs) gave models with excellent goodness of fit and predictive parameters, revealed by a marked separation between groups. β-Hydroxybutyrate was identified as a characteristic compound of osteoarthritic joints, showing the important role of fat metabolism during OA. The absence of β-hydroxybutyrate after UC-II supplementation suggests the supplement’s effectiveness in rebalancing the metabolism inside the joint. The unexpectedly high level of lactate in the OA-free group suggests that lactate could not be considered a good marker for OA. These results prove that1H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis is a valid tool to study and monitor OA and that UC-II improves clinical symptoms and the SF metabolic profile in OA dogs.
Effect of climate on surgical site infections and anticipated increases in the United States
Authors: Liou Raymond J. , Earley Michelle J. , Forrester Joseph D.
Published: November 2022

Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the most common and costly hospital-acquired infections in the United States. Meteorological variables such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation may represent a neglected group of risk factors for SSI. Using a national private insurance database, we collected admission and follow-up records for National Healthcare Safety Network-monitored surgical procedures and associated climate conditions from 2007 to 2014. We found that every 10 cm increase of maximum daily precipitation resulted in a 1.09 odds increase in SSI after discharge, while every g/kg unit increase in specific humidity resulted in a 1.03 odds increase in SSI risk after discharge. We identified the Southeast region of the United States at highest risk of climate change-related SSI, with an estimated 3% increase in SSI by 2060 under high emission assumptions. Our results describe the effect of climate on SSI and the potential burden of climate-change related SSI in the United States.
Spectroscopic evidence of a Xe–Xe bond in the linear Xe2Au+Xe ion
Authors: Ferrari Piero , Bakker Joost M. , Janssens Ewald
Published: November 2022

An elusive Xe–Xe bond was unambiguously observed in the Xe2Au+Xe ion using a combination of infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical modelling.
Characterization of a high-sensitivity ICP-TOFMS instrument for microdroplet, nanoparticle, and microplastic analyses
Authors: Harycki Stasia , Gundlach-Graham Alexander
Published: November 2022

We report the capabilities of an inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOFMS) instrument for single-droplet and single-particle analysis.
A new amide alkaloid induces the apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cellsviainhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ru , Yang Bo , Zhang Beibei , Zhang Qinqin , Cao Bing , Jia Jufang , Liu Meng , Guo Pengli , Zhang Yuhan , Li Xiaokun , Zheng Xiaoke , Feng Weisheng
Published: November 2022

A new amide alkaloid (ZYL-01) can inhibit the activity of A375 cells by inducing cell apoptosisviainhibiting STAT3 signaling.
Correction: Effect of the content and strength of hard segment on the viscoelasticity of the polyurethane elastomer: insights from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Yimin , Ma Ruibin , Li Haoxiang , Hu Shikai , Gao Yangyang , Liu Li , Zhao Xiuying , Zhang Liqun
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Effect of the content and strength of hard segment on the viscoelasticity of the polyurethane elastomer: insights from molecular dynamics simulation’ by Yimin Wang et al., Soft Matter, 2022, 18, 4090–4101, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SM00463A.
AMP-activated protein kinase — a journey from 1 to 100 downstream targets
Authors: Hardie D. Grahame
Published: November 2022

A casual decision made one evening in 1976, in a bar near the Biochemistry Department at the University of Dundee, led me to start my personal research journey by following up a paper that suggested that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) (believed to be a key regulatory enzyme of fatty acid synthesis) was inactivated by phosphorylation by what appeared to be a novel, cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase. This led me to define and name the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway, on which I am still working 46 years later. ACC was the first known downstream target for AMPK, but at least 100 others have now been identified. This article contains some personal reminiscences of that research journey, focussing on: (i) the early days when we were defining the kinase and developing the key tools required to study it; (ii) the late 1990s and early 2000s, an exciting time when we and others were identifying the upstream kinases; (iii) recent times when we have been studying the complex role of AMPK in cancer. The article is published in conjunction with the Sir Philip Randle Lecture of the Biochemical Society, which I gave in September 2022 at the European Workshop on AMPK and AMPK-related kinases in Clydebank, Scotland. During the early years of my research career, Sir Philip acted as a role model, due to his pioneering work on insulin signalling and the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Pediatric FEES: What It Takes to Achieve Optimal Outcomes
Authors: Harrington Bridget M. , Maybee Jennifer L.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in the pediatric population is an important tool for the diagnosis and intervention planning for dysphagia. This clinical focus article highlights special considerations and strategies for optimizing pediatric FEES outcomes. The results of an informal survey completed by American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Special Interest Group 13 (SIG13, Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders) members completing pediatric FEES are also presented to provide context regarding clinical practice patterns across facilities. A pediatric FEES case study is included to highlight use of supportive strategies detailed in this clinical focus article.

Conclusions:

Based on evidence and author's clinical expertise, special considerations and strategies should be incorporated into the workflow of pediatric FEES for achievement of functional results that diagnose and characterize dysphagia, directly guide dysphagia management, and improve patient/caregiver experience of the exam. Establishing a triage process for FEES candidacy is complex but sets the stage for a successful exam. Teaming of clinical staff with patient/caregiver includes collaborative preparation for the exam, establishing achievable goals and expectations, and determining supportive strategies for best patient participation.
Some topological indices of pentagonal double chains
Authors: Mahalank Pushpalatha , Ozon Yildirim Seyma , Ersoy Zihni Fikriye , Majhi Bhairaba Kumar , Cangul Ismail Naci
Published: November 2022

In graph theory, lattices are used when some structural part of the graph repeats itself finitely or infinitely many times. They have applications in complex analysis and geometry in mathematics, and also natural applications in chemical graph theory. As a lattice can be taken as a graph, it is also possible to use them in the study of large networks. Recently, some topological graph indices of pentagonal chains is studied and here, we study some topological graph indices of pentagonal double chains similarly to that work. We make use of the vertex and edge partitions of these graphs and calculate their indices by means of these partitions and combinatorial methods.
The study of the singular bifurcation of a 3D dynamical system of interest in ecology
Authors: Constantinescu Dana
Published: November 2022

The classical bifurcations that occur in the SIR system were already studied in many papers. Our attention is focused on the singular bifurcations, when the system has in infinite number of periodic points at the bifurcation limit. The dynamics of the system is analyzed and the results are interpreted from a practical point of view.
Optimal control of compound Poisson processes
Authors: Lefebvre Mario
Published: November 2022

The problem of controlling a compound Poisson process until it leaves an interval is considered. This type of problem is known as a homing problem. To determine the value of the optimal control, we must solve a nonlinear integro-differential equation. Exact and explicit solutions are obtained for two possible jumps size distributions.
Association Analysis of CMYA5 rs4704591 Polymorphism with Rheumatoid
Arthritis in Caucasians
Authors: Zamanpoor Mansour , Austin Natsha Anne , Ghaedi Hamid , Nograles Nadine H. , Brown Angela E. , Wilson Andrew D. , Merriman Tony R. , Morison Ian M. , Omrani Mir Davood
Published: November 2022

Einleitung Einzel nukleotid polymorphismen (SNPs) im
Cardiomyopathy-Associated Protein 5 (CMYA5)-Gen wurden in genomweiten
Assoziationsstudien mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) in Verbindung gebracht.
In dieser Studie wollten wir die Assoziation zwischen
CMYA5-Genpolymorphismen und RA in unabhängigen kaukasischen
Fall-Kontroll-Kohorten replizieren und eine Metaanalyse durchführen,
um die Assoziation von CMYA5-Genpolymorphismen mit RA in kaukasischen
Populationen zu untersuchen.

Methoden Wir analysierten 2731 RA-Fälle und 1783 gesunde
Kontrollen in vier unabhängigen kaukasischen Probensätzen.
rs4704591 im CMYA5-Gen wurden unter Verwendung des TaqMan
SNP-Genotypisierungsassays genotypisiert. Die Metaanalyse wurde über
kaukasische Kohorten hinweg durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Unsere Analyse ergab keine Hinweise auf eine Assoziation
von rs4704591 mit RA in den Replikationsprobensätzen
(P=0,941, OR=0,997). Die Metaanalyse zeigte eine schwache
Assoziation zwischen dem kleinen Allel der CMYA5-Variante rs4704591 (C) und
RA in den kombinierten RA-Kohorten (P=0,023, OR=0,938) unter
Verwendung des logistischen Regressionsmodells in der
Matched-Case-Control-Studie.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Studie war nicht erfolgreich darin, die
Assoziation der CMYA5-Variante rs4704591 mit RA zu replizieren. Daher
können wir die Assoziation zwischen CMYA5-Genpolymorphismen und RA
in der kaukasischen Bevölkerung nicht bestätigen.
Current German Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Secondary
Hemochromatosis in Patients with Congenital Anemias
Authors: Cario Holger , Grosse Regine , Jarisch Andrea , Oevermann Lena , Puzik Alexander
Published: November 2022

Adequate diagnosis and treatment of secondary hemochromatosis in patients with
congenital anemias is important for reducing long-term mortality and morbidity
as for improving patients' quality of life. Due to the strong migration
movements during recent years, the number of patients in Germany suffering from
hemoglobinopathies as some of the most relevant disorders in the context of iron
overload (IOL) has increased enormously. Many of these patients had received
inadequate medical care in their countries of origin prior to migration,
including diagnosis and treatment of IOL. In parallel, various medical
developments and achievements took place, including the expansion of stem cell
transplant as curative therapeutic option and the introduction of gene therapy
for patients with hemoglobinopathies. Diagnostic tools to assess both liver and
heart IOL became available at more sites in Germany. Overall experience with
iron elimination therapy either as monotherapy or as combination of different
chelators increased. All these aspects were considered during revision of the
consensus-based guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of secondary IOL in
patients with congenital anemias (AWMF Reg. No. 025/029). Here, we
briefly summarize the procedure for the revision of the guideline, provide a
brief overview of innovations as compared to the previous version dated from
2015, and finally present the consensus recommendations adopted in the current
version.
Rivaroxaban bei tumorassoziierter venöser Thromboembolie
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert , Voigtländer Minna , Langer Florian
Published: November 2022

Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt Erkenntnisse zur Prävention und Therapie der tumorassoziierten venösen Thromboembolie (VTE) mit direkten Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren (FXaI) und bezieht sich insbesondere auf das Studienprogramm CALLISTO mit Rivaroxaban. CALLISTO umfasst randomisierte klinische Prüfungen unterschiedlicher Fragestellungen sowie Real-World-Evidenz.

Prävention und Therapie der tumorassoziierten VTE beruhten bisher auf niedermolekul1933aren Heparinen (NMH). Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien zeigten nun eine vergleichbare bis überlegene Wirksamkeit von FXaI vs. NMH. Die Erkenntnisse finden mittlerweile Eingang in Empfehlungen und Leitlinien. Zu beachten ist ein ggf. erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko, vor allem bei Patienten mit nicht resezierten gastrointestinalen oder urogenitalen Tumoren. Dieses wurde bei der Therapie mit FXaI zuerst beobachtet, kann jedoch auch NMH betreffen. Der Selektion geeigneter Patienten und der Optimierung von Behandlungspfaden kommt daher eine hohe Bedeutung zu.
Photocatalytic Cleavage of Trityl Protected Thiols and Alcohols
Authors: Murakami Sho , Brudy Cosima , Pieber Bartholomäus , Bachmann Moritz , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: November 2022

We report the visible light photocatalytic cleavage of trityl thioethers or ethers under pH-neutral conditions. The method results in the formation of the respective symmetrical disulfides and alcohols in moderate to excellent yield. The protocol only requires the addition of a suitable photocatalyst and light rendering it orthogonal to several functionalities, including acid labile protective groups. The same conditions can be used to directly convert trityl-protected thiols into unsymmetrical disulfides or selenosulfides, and to cleave trityl resins in solid phase organic synthesis.
Promising Implants in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Winkler Andrew A. , Pham Tiffany T.
Published: November 2022

Many dilemmas in rhinoplasty tempt surgeons to use exogenous materials. We have long looked toward implants to decrease operative time, to achieve a more reliable result, or when there is a paucity of autologous material. More than ever, the innovative and highly lucrative field of nasal implantology is developing technologically advanced products. This article looks at some popular nasal implant choices with a look toward what might be on the horizon.
The Need for Innovation in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Winkler Andrew A. , Chabuz Carolyn , McIntosh Cameron N. D. , Lekakis Garyfalia
Published: November 2022

Rhinoplasty is a challenging surgery and results are not always perfect. There are many obstacles to achieving optimal results. Among these are inadequate instrumentation, the unpredictability of healing, imprecise planning, and many more. Furthermore, selecting patients who can most benefit from surgery is equally important. In this article, some of the more pressing areas of rhinoplasty that need innovation are discussed. From proper patient selection, to advances in education, to the standardization of training programs, to the development of sophisticated implants, the future of rhinoplasty surgery lies in continued creativity and innovation.
If you don’t like it, move: how migration impacts cooperative behavior
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: November 2022

Everyone wins when individuals are allowed to seek more promising communities, even if that mobility comes with a cost.
Rheometer performs standard testing using a fraction of normal sample size requirements
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: November 2022

Flexure-based force-sensing device and a laser interferometer allow device to measure samples less than one-twentieth the mass that most commercial rheometers require.
Laboratory tests of CO2 laser collective Thomson scattering for measurements of ion temperature in the divertor
Authors: Hisakado T. H. , Akiyama T. , Carlstrom T. N.
Published: November 2022

Collective Thomson scattering (CTS) is a diagnostic method that measures the ion velocity distribution of a plasma. CO2 laser CTS measurements are challenging because of the inherently small Doppler broadening and scattering signals that are difficult to detect. We implemented a heterodyne detection scheme to measure spectrum changes of less than a GHz. To maximize the collected light at small scattering angles, we designed a unique light collection approach consisting of a customized conical-shaped (axicon) lens with a hole in the center. The axicon lens is used to collect the scattered light emitted within an annular cross-section from the scattering volume while the probe beam is passed through the hole at the center of the lens. The performance of the heterodyne detection scheme and annular collection approach was demonstrated using a Transverse Excited Atmospheric pressure CO2 laser with a pulse energy of 160 mJ at λ = 10.59 µm.
Three-dimensional iterative reconstruction of pulsed radiation sources using spherical harmonic decomposition
Authors: Gao Jianpeng , Sheng Liang , Duan Baojun , Wang Xinyi , Hei Dongwei , Chen Huaibi
Published: November 2022

Neutron and x-ray imaging are essential ways to diagnose a pulsed radiation source. The three-dimensional (3D) intensity distribution reconstructed from two-dimensional (2D) radiation images can significantly promote research regarding the generation and variation mechanisms of pulsed radiation sources. Only a few (≤5) projected images at one moment are available due to the difficulty in building imaging systems for high-radiation-intensity and short-pulsed sources. The reconstruction of a 3D source with a minimal number of 2D images is an ill-posed problem that leads to severe structural distortions and artifacts of the image reconstructed by conventional algorithms. In this paper, we present an iterative method to reconstruct a 3D source using spherical harmonic decomposition. Our algorithm improves the representation ability of spherical harmonic decomposition for 3D sources by enlarging the order of the expansion, which is limited in current analytical reconstruction algorithms. Prior knowledge of the source can be included to obtain a reasonable solution. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the reconstructed image quality of the iterative algorithm is better than that of the analytical algorithm. The iterative method can suppress the effect of noise in the integral projection image and has better robustness and adaptability than the analytical method.
Polarization-insensitive amplitude and phase control based on interference metasurface
Authors: Xiong Chunxue , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Quan , Yao Zhibo , Zhang Shoujun , Wu Tong , Chen Xieyu , Xu Yuehong , Niu Li , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: November 2022

Extending the optical control capabilities of metasurfaces for broader functionalities has recently attracted extensive attention. Simultaneously achieving amplitude and phase control is an effective route as it allows rebuilding the full information of the field. However, related previous studies mostly rely on anisotropic meta-atoms, which restrict the available incident polarizations. Here, a polarization-insensitive amplitude and phase control method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in the terahertz regime, which is actualized by introducing interference effect in reflective-type meta-molecules composed of isotropic meta-atoms. Two kinds of functional meta-mirror devices, i.e., multi-order meta-gratings and multi-focal meta-lenses, are designed and characterized, where the results verify this method very well. This proposed method further enriches the routes to control amplitude and phase and may also find broad applications in realizing flexible wavefront control devices with complex functionalities.
Investigation of resistive magnetic field generation by intense proton beams in dense plasmas
Authors: Bhutwala K. , Kim J. , McGuffey C. , Sherlock M. , Bailly-Grandvaux M. , Beg F. N.
Published: November 2022

Current and future applications of intense proton sources abound, including radiography, cancer therapy, warm dense matter generation, and inertial confinement fusion. With increasingly efficient acceleration and focusing mechanisms, proton current densities may soon approach and exceed 1010 A/cm2, e.g., via intense laser drivers. Simulations have previously shown that in this current density regime, beam-induced field generation plays a significant role in beam transport through dense plasmas. Here, we present a theoretical model for the generation of resistive magnetic fields by intense proton beam transport through solid density plasmas. The theoretical evolution of the magnetic field profile is calculated using an analytic model for aluminum resistivity, heat capacity, and stopping power, applicable from cold matter to hot plasma. The effects of various beam and material parameters on the field are investigated and explained for both monoenergetic and Maxwellian proton beams. For a proton beam with Maxwellian temperature 5 MeV and total energy 10 J, the model calculates resistive magnetic fields up to 150 T in aluminum. The calculated field profiles from several beam cases are compared with 2D hybrid particle-in-cell simulations, with good agreement found in magnitude and time scale.
Amplification of arsenic sensitivity in functionalized zinc oxide field effect transistor through optimization of gate electrostatics
Authors: Sett Avik , Sarkar Lisa , Bhattacharyya Tarun Kanti
Published: November 2022

Demand for the detection of poisonous arsenic ions in water is increasing due to uncontrolled industrial and human activities. Conventional detection methods are found to be very complex, cumbersome, and non-portable. This paper presents curcumin functionalized zinc oxide field effect transistor for selective detection of arsenic ions in water, with high sensitivity and stability. The operating voltage of the device is optimized to 2.9 V through output characteristics, which ensures low power consumption. The presence of curcumin on ZnO surface imparts high degree of selectivity toward arsenic ions, and ZnO nanorods ensures high surface to volume ratio for adsorption. The device is tested against eight metal ions commonly found in water and is found to be highly selective toward arsenic. The device exhibits a sensitivity of 102 nA/ppb at zero gate voltage, which is further amplified to 366 nA/ppb by applying 2.4 V gate bias. The application of gate bias plays a pivotal role for enhancing the device sensitivity by 266% for 5 ppb arsenic concentration. The sensor shows a response time of 67 s and is found to be highly stable against adverse conditions. The sensor shows high resilience in the degradation of sensing performance for a duration of 40 days. Therefore, curcumin functionalized zinc oxide field effect transistor with proper gate bias shows promising results to be used as a portable, low-cost, and user-friendly arsenic ion detector system in future.
Formation and functions of arbuscular mycorrhizae in coastal wetland ecosystems: A review
Authors: Wang Xing-Qiang , Wang Yan-Hong , Song Yao-Bin , Dong Ming
Published: November 2022

Context

Coastal wetlands are ecotones interspaced by land and ocean and are among the most sensitive and vulnerable ecosystems worldwide. They are unique in hydrological, edaphic, atmospheric, and biological characteristics, and play important roles in maintaining the ecological security and ecosystem services of coastal zones. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are symbiont composed of plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are soil-borne microorganisms widely distributed in various habitats. Many previous studies on mycorrhiza have focused on terrestrial ecosystems while few on wetlands, especially coastal wetlands.

Method

We systematically reviewed previous relevant studies to explore the formation and functions of AM in coastal wetland ecosystems as well as the environmental factors that affect them. Habitat characteristics, morphological types, and species diversity of AMF in the coastal wetlands were summarized. Both responses of AMF to environmental factors during AM formation and the functions of AM in coastal wetlands were discussed.

Result

AMF are worldwide distributed in coastal wetland and are mainly limited by flooding, hypoxia, soil pH, salinity and the host plants identification. AMF play important roles in coastal wetlands, involving promoting nutrient uptake of host plants, improving the characteristics of rhizospheric soil, and enhancing plant resistance to salt and flooding stress.

Conclusion

More comprehensive studies of AMF in vitro in coastal wetlands would be helpful for the conservation and restoration of coastal wetland ecosystems in the changing world.
Data-driven fault detection of a 10 MW floating offshore wind turbine benchmark using kernel canonical variate analysis
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Wu Ping , Huo Yifei , Zhang Xujie , Liu Yichao , Wang Lin
Published: November 2022

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) can harvest more wind energy in deep water. However, due to their complex mechanical structure and harsh working conditions, various sensors, actuators, and components of FOWTs can malfunction and fail. To avoid serious accidents and reduce operation and maintenance costs, fault detection plays a critical role in wind-energy engineering, particularly for offshore wind energy. Because of complex characteristics, such as dynamics and nonlinearity, an accurate mathematical model cannot be easily obtained from first principles for FOWTs. In this paper, a new data-driven fault-detection method based on kernel canonical variable analysis (KCVA) is proposed for FOWTs. In the proposed method, the collected measurements are first augmented into time-lagged variables to capture the dynamics of FOWTs. The time-lagged variables are then mapped to a high-dimensional feature space to extract nonlinear features. Specifically, canonical variable analysis (CVA) is carried out to explore the correlations in high-dimensional feature space. For fault detection, two monitoring indexes including T
2 and squared prediction error (

S
P
E

) statistics are established. To verify the performance of the proposed KCVA-based fault-detection method, experiments on a high-fidelity FOWT benchmark, which was created from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence v8.0 simulator, were carried out. The results show the capability and efficiency of the proposed KCVA-based fault-detection method in comparison with other related methods.
Remaining useful life prediction for rotating machinery based on dynamic graph and spatial–temporal network
Authors: Zeng Xiangyu , Yang Chaoying , Liu Jie , Zhou Kaibo , Li Di , Wei Shangwan , Liu Yujie
Published: November 2022

Deep learning-based rotating machinery remaining useful life (RUL) prediction approaches rarely consider spatial dependencies and global temporal correlation of monitoring signals simultaneously. Superiorly, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) learn relationship information among graph nodes, considering the spatial dependencies of signals. It is beneficial for constructing high-quality graphs to improve the prediction performance in single-sensor monitoring scenarios. In this paper, an RUL prediction approach for rotating machinery based on a dynamic graph and a spatial–temporal network (STNet) is proposed. Short-time Fourier transform is introduced to obtain node features, and dynamic edge connections are established through node importance weights. Furthermore, an STNet is constructed to learn graph features, in which the GCN is used to mine spatial dependencies of input graphs, and a bi-directional long short-term memory network is applied to capture global temporal correlations. Finally, an autoencoder-based graph readout layer is designed to pass learned graph features. Case studies are conducted to demonstrate its effectiveness.
New evidence about the nature of plasma filaments in plasma accelerators of type plasma-focus
Authors: Pavez Cristian , Zorondo Maximiliano , Pedreros José , Sepúlveda Adolfo , Soto Leopoldo , Avaria Gonzalo , Moreno José , Davis Sergio , Bora Biswajit , Jain Jalaj
Published: November 2022

In this work, new evidence and information about both the origin and evolution of filamentary structures observed in the current sheath of a small plasma focus (PF) discharge are reported. The experiments were carried out in a small generator of low energy (multipurpose generator) at the PF configuration, under different operating conditions. These include different anode and insulator geometries, without return bars and in a high-performance regime of the generator at high pressures (

>

10 mbar). The evolution of the plasma structures is characterized by means of refractive optical techniques. The electrical behavior of the discharge, as well as its performance, are monitored with conventional electrical diagnostics and neutron and x-ray detectors, respectively. Plasma filaments of the same species are present in all tested configurations, however, in experiments with larger effective anode length (and smaller anode radii), the plasma region containing the filaments moves away from the anode surface and remains confined in a region of the plasma sheath, such as a toroidal plasma belt, without reaching the top of the anode nor participating in the radial compression phase. According to images of the plasma sheath in its early phase, the filaments originate and evolve from a precursor annular plasma formed in the lower part of the anode next to the insulator, during the process of electrical breakdown. The local character that these dense-filamentary structures acquire in the evolution of the plasma sheath would discard the current-filament hypothesis. On the other hand, experiments performed in deuterium gas with anodes of larger effective lengths and without filaments in the radial compression phase allowed the production of neutrons and x-rays at a high performance.
Linear simulation of kinetic Peeling-Ballooning mode with bootstrap current under the BOUT++ gyro landau fluid code
Authors: Li P F , Xu X Q , Ma C H , Snyder P B
Published: November 2022

The kinetic peeling-ballooning mode (KPBM) plays a crucial role in the edge turbulence and transport in a tokamak plasma. However, the impact of the bootstrap current on KPBM is still unclear. Simulations of KPBM using the BOUT++

3
+
1

gyro-Landau-fluid code are presented in this study. To investigate the KPBM in a real tokamak equilibrium, the global equilibrium solver CORSICA was employed to generate a set of realistic equilibria of shifted circular geometry, including the Shafranov shift, elongation effects and bootstrap current. The linear instability property of the KPBM is observed in a wide range of pressure gradient and parallel current density in the pedestal region. Our results indicate that the bootstrap current has a stabilizing effect on the high-n KPBM over the entire pedestal region. Here, n is the toroidal mode number. In comparison with the ideal magnetohydrodynamic peeling-ballooning mode stability diagram, the unstable KPBM region shrinks and shifts to low

β

P
G

(

β

P
G

=
(
2

μ
0

p

P
G

)

/

(

B
0
2

)

where

p

P
G

denotes the pressure at the peak pressure gradient position) with the increase of the bootstrap current. Moreover, we find that the low-n kink modes are driven unstable by the bootstrap current in the second stable region. With an additional external current drive on top of the bootstrap current, the low-n KPBMs can be stabilized when the total edge current is sufficiently large, although the low-n kink mode is still unstable in the

β

P
G

region with

β

P
G

>
0.45
%

.
Commissioning results from the high-repetition rate nanosecond-kilojoule laser beamline at the extreme light infrastructure
Authors: Condamine F P , Jourdain N , Kramer D , Trojek P , Gintrand A , Fauvel G , Pandikian P , Bartoníček J , Friedman G , Havlík M , Hernandez J-C , Hubáček J , Laštovička T , Orna V , Renner O , Rubovič P , Rus B , Singh R L , Vyhlídka Š , Weber S
Published: November 2022

High-power laser–matter interaction and the related high-energy density physics (HEDP) are two important topics in modern physics. However, for decades, a very restrictive limitation prevents researchers from studying these topics efficiently: nanosecond-kilojoule class lasers are typically characterized by a low repetition rate (

≈

1 shot h−1) that restricts the data acquisition and limits the available statistics for analysis. Here, we describe the first results obtained using the high-repetition rate nanosecond-kilojoule (L4n laser beamline) experimental platform commissioned at the Extreme Light Infrastructure—Beamlines. We proved the capability to deliver hundreds of joules shots every three min with a very good repeatability. Using high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy, we studied highly resolved spectra of H-like and He-like Cl lines emitted from polyvinyl chloride targets and demonstrated that the plasma parameters (electron temperature and density) derived from the measured spectra are consistent with hydro-simulations. These results demonstrate the fulfillment of the designed platform performance which should become one of the most important assets for the HEDP community in the following decades.
Generation of isolated intense vortex laser with transverse angular momentum
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Lingang , Shen Baifei
Published: November 2022

A scheme is proposed to explore the generation of isolated intense vortex laser pulse with transverse angular momentum (AM), which implies that the total AM is non-collinear with the propagation direction. When two non-collinear vortex beams impinge on a solid thin target symmetrically on the same side, the generated harmonics containing the contributions of the two input pulses are emitted from the target at a predicted angle. The longitudinal AM of the harmonics can be predicted from the AM conservation regarding the photons involved in the high-harmonic generation process. The asymmetry of the energy flux in the vertical direction is confirmed as the transverse AM generation source. As an example, the related phenomenon of the fourth order harmonic has been well confirmed by theoretical analysis and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
Study on the Influencing Factors of Modal Transformation of Continuous Rotating Detonation Wave Propagation
Authors: Shu Chen , Lin Wei , Yan Chenglong , Shi Qiang
Published: November 2022

In order to study the propagation mode of rotating detonation wave, the detailed reaction mechanism of hydrogen-oxygen with 9 components and 19 steps is used, and the finite rate chemical reaction model is used for numerical calculation. After ignition, there is a stable collision period in the flow field for a certain period, and the collision extinguishing and new detonation wave generation occur during the mode conversion. By adding nitrogen or argon to the hydrogen-oxygen mixture for dilution, when the dilution ratio increases, the activity of the gas mixture decreases, the height of the combustible gas layer increases, and the temperature of the combustion product after the detonation wave decreases away from the head of the detonation wave, which will reduce the mixture that is burned in advance. There are different degrees of reflected shock at the outlet of the combustion chamber, and the upward detonation wave will cause the height change of the detonation wave head and the instability of the flow.
Design of a Foldable Solar Panel with Radial and Circumferential Folding Motion
Authors: He Jiaxuan , He Zeqi , Hu Cexiao
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on designing a foldable solar panel that can be folded both circumferentially and radially simultaneously. Most of the existing foldable solar panels have only one movement mode when folded. In contrast, the solar panel designed in this paper has two different movement modes when folded, which has the advantage of further reducing the area of the solar panel when it is fully folded. In this paper, the solar panel can achieve circumferential motion based on the motion principle of the folding fan, and the solar panel can achieve radial motion based on the principle of the slider mechanism. Then the two separate motions are unified by improving the scissors-like element structure. In addition, this paper adopts SolidWorks modeling, CAXA drawing, and calculation to prove the normal operation of the structure. Finally, the control variable method is used to analyze the structural skeleton's radial and circumferential folding capacity. The critical parameter α2 (the central angle when the structure is fully unfolded) is obtained, affecting the mechanism's contracting capacity. When α2 increases, the radial contraction ability of the structure first increases and then decreases, and the circumferential folding ability of the structure continues to increase. At the same time, the radial and circumferential shrinkage capabilities of the structure and the layout of the solar panel are comprehensively considered, and the value of α2 is obtained when the folding ratio is as small as possible.
Numerical Calculation of Added Mass of Stratospheric Airship with X-Shaped Tail
Authors: Shi Sheng-zhe , Jiang Ting , Wang Fan , Zheng Xiao-long
Published: November 2022

For solving added mass of stratospheric airship, take the method of planar motion mechanism numerical simulation, calculate main diagonal added mass of standard ellipsoid model, and then calculate main diagonal added mass and other coupling added mass of stratospheric airship with X-shaped tail. Error between calculated value and theoretical value is 2.94%~4.29%, that validates the method is feasible and effective; stratospheric airship added mass is expressed by matrix. Comparison with wind tunnel test, the calculation error of stratospheric airship with X-shaped tail added mass λ55 and λ66 are -25.8% and -19.7%. The result shows that the method of planar motion mechanism numerical simulation can solve added mass matrix of arbitrary shape stratospheric airship, not just main diagonal added mass; Compared with the added mass on the main diagonal, the coupling added mass at other positions is small.
In vitro model to study confined osteocyte networks exposed to flow-induced mechanical stimuli
Authors: Zhang Kairui , Ogando Courtney , Filip Alex , Zhang Teng , Horton Jason A , Soman Pranav
Published: November 2022

Osteocytes are considered the primary mechanical sensor in bone tissue and orchestrate the coupled bone remodeling activity of adjacent osteoblast and osteoclast cells. In vivo investigation of mechanically induced signal propagation through networks of interconnected osteocytes is confounded by their confinement within the mineralized bone matrix, which cannot be modeled in conventional culture systems. In this study, we developed a new model that mimics this in vivo confinement using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel or GelMA mineralized using osteoblast-like model cells. This model also enables real-time optical examination of osteocyte calcium (Ca2+) signaling dynamics in response to fluid shear stimuli cultured under confined conditions. Using this system, we discovered several distinct and previously undescribed patterns of Ca2+ responses that vary across networks of interconnected osteocytes as a function of space, time and connectivity. Heterogeneity in Ca2+ signaling may provide new insights into bone remodeling in response to mechanical loading. Overall, such a model can be extended to study signaling dynamics within cell networks exposed to flow-induced mechanical stimuli under confined conditions.
A novel single-step anodization approach for pani-doping oxide surfaces to improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium implants
Authors: Ali A , Chowdhury S , Janorkar A V , Marquart M , Griggs J A , Bumgardner J D , Roach M D
Published: November 2022

Crystalline titanium oxides have shown photocatalytic activity (PCA) and the formation of antibacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) when stimulated with UV light. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer that has shown antibacterial effects. Previously, titanium oxides have been PANI-doped using a multi-step approach. In the present study, we compared PANI-doped specimens produced with a two-step method (ACV), to PANI-doped specimens produced by a novel single-step direct anodization (AAn) method, and a control group of anodized un-doped specimens. The surface morphology, oxide crystallinity, surface elemental composition, surface roughness, surface wettability, oxide adhesion, corrosion resistance, PCA, and ROS generation of each oxide group were evaluated. All groups exhibited mixed anatase and rutile phase oxides. The AAn group revealed less anatase and rutile, but more PANI-surface coverage. The AAn group exhibited significantly increased PCA after 60 min of direct UVA illumination compared to the ACV group, despite containing lower amounts of anatase and rutile. The ACV and AAn groups showed significant increases in ROS production after 4 h UVA illumination while the control group showed similar ROS production. These findings suggested that PANI doping using the novel direct anodization technique significantly improved PCA even for oxides containing less crystallinity. The S. aureus attachment response to each oxide group was also compared under UVA pre-illumination, UVA direct illumination, and no illumination (dark) lighting conditions. Although no significant differences were shown in the bacterial response, both PANI-doped groups exhibited less average bacterial attachment compared to the control group. The response of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells to each oxide group was evaluated using MTT and live/dead assays, and no evidence of cytotoxicity was found. Since many, if not most, titanium implant devices are routinely anodized as a part of the manufacturing processes, these study findings are applicable to a wide variety of implant applications.
Positivity for quantum cluster algebras from unpunctured orbifolds
Authors: Huang Min
Published: November 2022

We provide a quantum Laurent expansion formula for the quantum cluster algebras from unpunctured orbifolds with arbitrary coefficients and quantization. As an application, positivity for such a class of quantum cluster algebras is provided. Assume for technical reasons that the weights of the orbifold points are

1

/

2

1/2

.
Instability of the standing waves for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations in one dimension
Authors: Wu Yifei
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartLayout 1st Row partial-differential Subscript t t Baseline u minus normal upper Delta u plus u equals StartAbsoluteValue u EndAbsoluteValue Superscript p minus 1 Baseline u comma t element-of double-struck upper R comma x element-of double-struck upper R Superscript d Baseline comma EndLayout">

∂

t
t

u
−
Δ
u
+
u
=

|

u

|

p
−
1

u
,

t
∈

R

,
 
x
∈

R

d

,

\begin{align*} \partial _{tt}u-\Delta u+u=|u|^{p-1}u,\qquad t\in \mathbb {R},\ x\in \mathbb {R}^d, \end{align*}

with

1
>
p
>
1
+

4
d

1>p> 1+\frac {4}{d}

. The equation has the standing wave solutions

u
ω

=

e

i
ω
t

ϕ

ω

u_\omega =e^{i\omega t}\phi _{\omega }

with the frequency

ω
∈
(
−
1
,
1
)

\omega \in (-1,1)

, where

ϕ

ω

\phi _{\omega }

is the solution of

−
Δ
ϕ
+
(
1
−

ω
2

)
ϕ
−

ϕ
p

=
0.

\begin{align*} -\Delta \phi +(1-\omega ^2)\phi -\phi ^p=0. \end{align*}

It was proved by Shatah [Comm. Math. Phys. 91 (1983), pp. 313–327], and Shatah-Strauss [Comm. Math. Phys. 100 (1985), pp. 173–190] that there exists a critical frequency

ω
c

∈
(
0
,
1
)

\omega _c\in (0,1)

such that the standing waves solution

u
ω

u_\omega

is orbitally stable when

ω
c

>

|

ω

|

>
1

\omega _c>|\omega |>1

, and orbitally unstable when

|

ω

|

>

ω
c

|\omega |>\omega _c

. Furthermore, the strong instability for the critical frequency

|

ω

|

=

ω
c

|\omega |=\omega _c

in the high dimensions

d
≥
2

d\ge 2

was proved by Ohta-Todorova [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 38 (2007), pp. 1912–1931]. In this paper, we settle the only remaining problem when

|

ω

|

=

ω
c

|\omega |=\omega _c

,

p
>
1

p> 1

, and

d
=
1

d=1

, in which case we prove that the standing wave solution

u
ω

u_\omega

is orbitally unstable.
Scattering for Schrödinger operators with potentials concentrated near a subspace
Authors: Black Adam , Malinovitch Tal
Published: November 2022

We study the scattering properties of Schrödinger operators with bounded potentials concentrated near a subspace of

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

. For such operators, we show the existence of scattering states and characterize their orthogonal complement as a set of surface states, which consists of states that are confined to the subspace (such as pure point states) and states that escape it at a sublinear rate, in a suitable sense. We provide examples of surface states for different systems including those that propagate along the subspace and those that escape the subspace arbitrarily slowly. Our proof uses a novel interpretation of the Enss method [Comm. Math. Phys. 61 (1978), pp. 285–291] in order to obtain a dynamical characterization of the orthogonal complement of the scattering states.
A highly contiguous genome assembly of red perilla (Perilla frutescens) domesticated in Japan
Authors: Tamura Keita , Sakamoto Mika , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Mochizuki Takako , Matsushita Shuji , Kato Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Takeshi , Okuhara Keisuke , Nakamura Yasukazu , Bono Hidemasa
Published: November 2022

Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae) is an important herbal plant with hundreds of bioactive chemicals, among which perillaldehyde and rosmarinic acid are the two major bioactive compounds in the plant. The leaves of red perilla are used as traditional Kampo medicine or food ingredients. However, the medicinal and nutritional uses of this plant could be improved by enhancing the production of valuable metabolites through the manipulation of key enzymes or regulatory genes using genome editing technology. Here, we generated a high-quality genome assembly of red perilla domesticated in Japan. A near-complete chromosome-level assembly of P. frutescens was generated contigs with N50 of 41.5 Mb from PacBio HiFi reads. 99.2% of the assembly was anchored into 20 pseudochromosomes, among which seven pseudochromosomes consisted of one contig, while the rest consisted of less than six contigs. Gene annotation and prediction of the sequences successfully predicted 86,258 gene models, including 76,825 protein-coding genes. Further analysis showed that potential targets of genome editing for the engineering of anthocyanin pathways in P. frutescens are located on the late-stage pathways. Overall, our genome assembly could serve as a valuable reference for selecting target genes for genome editing of P. frutescens.