bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antenatal Emergency Department and Inpatient Use Among Massachusetts Deaf and Hard of Hearing Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: MCKEE Michael M. , ZHANG Jianying , AKOBIRSHOEV Ilhom , MCKEE Kimberly , MITRA Monika
Published: December 2021

Background
Hearing loss is increasingly prevalent among younger adults and significantly impacts health and health care use. Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) women have a significantly higher risk of chronic diseases, pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes compared to hearing women. The mechanisms, including health care utilization patterns during the perinatal period, remains not well understood.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study design to analyze 2002–2013 Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal data to compare antenatal inpatient and emergency department use between DHH (N=925) and hearing (N=2895) women with singleton deliveries. Matching was done based on delivery year, age at delivery and birth parity in 1:3 case-control ratio. Demographic, socioeconomic, clinical and hospital characteristics were first compared for DHH mothers and the matched control group using chi-squared tests and t-tests. Multivariable models were adjusted for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.
Results
Among DHH women (N=925), 49% had at least one emergency department visit, 19% had an observational stay, and 14% had a non-delivery hospital stay compared to 26%, 14%, and 6%, respectively among hearing women (N=2895) during the antenatal period (all p<0.001). The risk of non-delivery emergency department visits (RR 1.58; p<0.001) and inpatient stays (RR 1.89; p<0.001) remained higher among DHH women compared to hearing women even after adjustment for relevant variables. Having four or more emergency department visits (7% vs. 2%), two or more observational stays (7% vs. 3%) and two or more non-delivery hospital stays (4% vs. 0.4%) prior to delivery were more common among pregnant DHH women compared to their controls (all P<0.001).
Conclusion(s):
The study findings demonstrate that DHH women during the use emergency departments and inpatient services at a significantly higher rate than their hearing controls during the antenatal period. A systematic investigation of the mechanisms for these findings, including healthcare-, patient- and provider-based factors, are needed. Health care providers should be aware of potentially heightened risk for pregnancy and birth complications among DHH women which are in part due to persistent social and healthcare barriers, including communication and language.
A Practical Triage and Risk Scoring for Prediction of Early Mortality in Polytrauma Patients: GAS-TRS
Authors: Xie Tian , Wang Shikai , Du Nan , Huang Qunxing , Wu Jianguo , Mo Xiaoqiao , Zhang Xiangda , Tu Jiayuan , Cheng Xinsheng
Published: December 2021

Background Accurate evaluation of mortality risk in polytrauma patients is crucial for guiding the precision treatment strategy. There are few scales designed to provide an early assessment of mortality risk. However, the complexity of available scoring systems limits their application in pre-hospital care. Here, we established a GAS-TRS system to estimate the risk of early death for individual polytrauma patients and assess the early mortality risk in the individual patient.Methods We performed a secondary analysis from public Database. RCS and Multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to screen potential prognostic factors for nomogram model. The VIF method examined multicollinearity, and VIF ≥ 5 suggested multicollinearity in this model. CMA was used to characterize the causality relationship in nomogram model. A four-layer back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model was built by neuralnet package on R software. AUC of ROC analysis or F1 score were used to analyze the quality of predictive performance of GAS-TRS system. DCA and precision-recall curves were used to make up for the limitations of ROC curves.Results A total of 2406 patients were included in this analysis. Logistic regression analysis predicted four independent risk factors for nomogram model, including age (OR=1.03, 95%CI:1.02~1.03), GCS (OR=0.83, 95%CI:0.79~0.86), BE (OR=0.95, 95%CI:0.91~0.99) and serum lactic acid (OR=1.30, 95%CI:1.20~1.41) with an AUC of 0.88. Causal mediation analysis performed the mediation effect that lactate, age and BE accounted for 1.7%,0.7% and 3.0% indirect effect.The calibration curve showed model has good highly consistent with actual condition after bootstrapping. DCA showed the net benefit probability was between 2% and 85% and could bring more benefits for predicting early mortality.Then the input neurons were selected step by step in BP-ANN model. An optimal BP-ANN with an AUC of 0.91and AUPRC of 0.79 was established.Conclusion We established a GAS-TRS predictive system which includes a quick prognostic nomogram model and a precise BP-ANN model to evaluate early mortality within 72 hours for polytrauma patients. This scoring system might be practical and more efficient in identifying high-risk polytrauma patients. Moreover, this system may also guide triaging and precise initial individual treatment strategy for pre-hospital medical personnel.
Comparison of Diathermic high-frequency capsulorhexis and Femtosecond laser-assisted capsulorrhexis in white cataract surgery
Authors: Fan Licheng , Liu Liansheng , Zeng Yanfeng , Tian Haiyan
Published: December 2021

Aim: To compare the integrity, roundness and diameter of the capsulotomy in the white cataract between femtosecond laser assisted capsulotomy and high-frequency capsulorhexis.Methods: The prospective study included 32 patients with white-nuclear cataracts, 16 of whom underwent femtosecond capsulorhexis and another 16 underwent diathermic high-frequency capsulorhexis. The integrity roundness and diameter of the capsulorhexis post-operation were compared.Results: Femtosecond group obtained 6 cases(37.5%)of complete capsular. No anterior capsule tear occurred. Diathermy high-frequency achieved continuous complete capsulor in 3 eyes(18.75%) and anterior capsule was teared in 13 eyes(81.25%). The femtosecond group has a mean capsular diameter of 5.4 mm, and the diathermic high-frequency group has an average capsular diameter of 6 mm. No posterior capsule tear occurred in both surgical procedures. Conclusions: Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery can achieve high capsulor integrity and stable capsulorhexis diameter. Compared with the diathermic high-frequency capsulorhexis, the frequency of injecting the viscoelastic agent was reduced, and the tear of the capsule was less likely to occur. The continuous complete capsular(CCC) by femtosecond laser is more round, more complete ,more controllable and smoother than diathermy high-frequency(DHC).
How the Metabolic Phenotype in Adulthood Is Affected by Long-Lasting Immunological Trajectories Since Adolescence
Authors: Barroso Isaac , Guimarães João Tiago , Craveiro Vanda , Severo Milton , Ramos Elisabete
Published: December 2021

A close relationship between immune and metabolic systems has been perceived in the recent past. We aimed to assess whether the immunological trajectories of circulating white blood cells (WBC) started in adolescence, affects the metabolic phenotype in adulthood. We used data from 1183 participants of the population-based EPITeen cohort, evaluated at 13, 17, 21, 24 and 27 years of age. The Immunological trajectories from 13 to 27 years old were identified by mixed-effects models, being their association with metabolic features at 27 years old measured by logistic regression. The Higher Inflammatory Activation trajectory (HIA trajectory) had the highest percentage of individuals with metabolic syndrome, while Lowest Levels of WBC trajectory (LLWBC trajectory) showed the lowest percentage. Participants with HIA trajectory had significantly higher triglycerides, waist circumference, serum uric acid and BMI. After adjustment for sex and sports practice and hs-CRP, the odds of having one or more metabolic features in adulthood was significantly lower in LLWBC trajectory. Individuals with immunological trajectories of WBC linked with a pattern of higher immune activation showed a less favourable metabolic profile, while those with the lowest levels of WBC were less likely to have metabolic risk factors in adulthood.
Yearly Trends In The Prevalence of Ocular Traumas And The Effects of Covid-19: A Nationwide Population-Based Study of Korean Data
Authors: Whang Woong-Joo , Kwon Jin-woo
Published: December 2021

We identify the yearly trends in the prevalence of various ocular traumas in the Republic of Korea, and the effects of Covid-19. We recorded the yearly numbers of patients diagnosed with hyphema and those who underwent open reduction surgery because of orbital blowout fracture (BOF), primary closure of the cornea or sclera (PCCS), or intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal. The incidence of closed globe injuries has decreased significantly over the past 10 years, while that of open globe injuries has not. The patients aged ≥ 60 years showed a significant increase in BOF surgery. Regarding the trend in PCCS, while other age groups showed significant decreases, the population aged ≥ 60 years did not. In addition, the population aged ≥ 60 years showed a significant increase in the incidence of IOFB. When the 2020 data were compared with those of 2019, hyphema evidenced the largest decrease (27.02%), especially in those aged < 20 years (54.33%). In terms of both BOF and IOFB, those aged < 20 years showed the largest decreases (28.85% and 47.93% respectively). In the Covid-19 era, ocular trauma fell markedly in those aged < 20 years, perhaps because of school closures and reductions in outdoor activities.
Screening of Osteoarthritis-Related Genes and Function Determination Based on Bioinformatics Tools
Authors: Fu Zheng , Jiang Weiqian , Yan Wenlong , Xie Fei , Chen Yu , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2021

Background:Osteoarthritis(OA), commonly seen in the middle-aged and elderly population, imposes a heavy burden on patients from the clinical, humanistic and economic aspects. Our work aims at the discovery of early diagnostic and therapeutic targets for OA and new candidate biomarkers for experimental studies on OA via bioinformatics analysis.Methods:The dataset GSE114007 was downloaded from GEO to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in R using 3 different algorithms. Overlapping DEGs were subject to GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and functional annotation. Following the identification of DEGs, a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was established and imported into Cytoscape to screen for hubgenes. The expression of each hubgene was verified in two other datasets and create miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks.Results:174 upregulated genes and 117 downregulated genes were identified among the overlapping DEGs. According to the results of GO enrichment analysis,MF enrichment was basically found in ECM degradation and collagen breakdown; enrichment was also present in the development, ossification, and differentiation of cells. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested significant enrichment in such pathways as PI3K-AKT, P53, TNF, and FoxO. 23 hubgenes were obtained from the PPI network, and 11 genes were identified as DEGs through verification. 8 genes were used for the establishment of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks.Conclusion:OA-related genes, proteins, pathways and miRNAs that were identified through bioinformatics analysis may provide a reference for the discovery of early diagnostic and therapeutic targets for OA, as well as candidate biomarkers for experimental studies on OA.
Age-Dependent Aggregation of α-Synuclein in the Nervous System of Gut-Brain Axis is Associated with Caspase-1 Activation
Authors: Hu Qi , Hong Mei , Huang Mengyang , Gong Quan , Zhang Xiaofan , Uversky Vladimir N. , Pan-Montojo Francisco , Huang Teng , Zhou Honglian , Zhu Suiqiang
Published: December 2021

α-Synuclein (α-Syn) plays a key role in the development of Parkinson’ desease (PD). As aging is acknowledged to be the greatest risk factor for PD, here we investigated α-Syn expression in the ileum, thoracic spinal cord, and midbrain of young (1-month-old), middle-aged (6-, 12-month-old) to old (18-month-old) mice. We demonstrated that both the levels of α-Syn monomers, oligomers and ratios of oligomers to monomers were increased with aging in the ileum, thoracic spinal cord, and midbrain. Whereas, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis, was decreased with aging in the midbrain. We failed to find corresponding α-Syn mRNA increase with aging. However, we found an increased expression of caspase-1 in the ileum, thoracic spinal cord, and midbrain. A specific caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 significantly reduced levels of both the α-Syn monomers and oligomers triggered by the rotenone in vitro. Taken together, the increase in α-Syn aggregation with aging might not occur first in the gut, but simultaneously in the nervous system of gut-brain axis.. The mechanism of the age-dependent aggregation of α-Syn in nervous system is likely triggered by the aging-related caspase-1 activation.
Prevalence And Definitions of Polypharmacy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Delara Mahin , Murray Lauren , Jafari Behnaz , Bahji Anees , Goodarzi Zahra , Kirkham Julia , Seitz Dallas P.
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION: Polypharmacy is common associated with several adverse health outcomes. There are currently no systematic reviews or meta-analyses on the prevalence of polypharmacy and associated factors. We aimed to identify population-based observational studies reporting on the prevalence of polypharmacy and factors associated with polypharmacy. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases with no restriction on date. Population-based observational studies with cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort designs using administrative databases or registries to define or measure polypharmacy among individuals over 19. Using a standardized form, two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics, a crude prevalence rate of polypharmacy and its standard error with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of bias and quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The main outcome was the prevalence of polypharmacy and factors associated with polypharmacy. Using a random-effects model, pooled prevalence estimates with 95% CI was reported. Subgroup analysis was performed if significant heterogeneity was explored. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to predict polypharmacy prevalence.RESULTS: 106 full-text articles were identifies using 21 unique terms with 138 descriptive definitions of polypharmacy. The pooled estimated prevalence polypharmacy in studies reporting all medication classes was 37% (95% CI: 31%-43%). Differences in polypharmacy prevalence were reported for studies using different numerical threshold and polypharmacy was also associated with study year in meta-regression. Sex, study geography, study design and study setting were not associated with differences in polypharmacy prevalence. DISCUSSION: Our review highlights that polypharmacy is common particularly among older adults and those in inpatient settings. A variety of definitions are used to define polypharmacy and differences in polypharmacy definitions may have implications for understanding the burden or polypharmacy and outcomes associated with polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should be aware of the common occurrence of polypharmacy in all populations and undertake efforts to minimize inappropriate polypharmacy whenever possible.
Blood Glucose Level and Risk of Multiple HPV Infections in Chinese Patients of a Pathologically Confirmed HSIL with HPV Effection: A Restrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: zhou jie , Wei Xiang cai , Xu Hong yan , Hu Hong bo , Ma Zhan zhong , Li Fan xiang , Zhou Wei juan , Chen Ye , Liu Zhen
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Apart from the controversy of high glycemic index and glycemic load associated with precancerous cervical lesions, few studies have examined the impact of fasting blood glucose levels on HPV multiple infections. In a population of HPV-positive women with high-grade cervical lesions, we conducted the current study to appraisal the relationship between blood glucose levels and multiple HPV infections.
METHODS

The present study was a cross-sectional correlative study. A total of 629 participants with a pathologically confirmed HSIL with HPV infection were included from a hospital in China between 2018-1-1 and 2019-12-31. The target independent variable and the dependent variable were glucose level at baseline and multiplicity of HPV respectively. The ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the risk of multiple infections were estimated using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS

The average age of 560 participants was 44.63 ± 10.61 years old, Result of fully-adjusted binary logistic regression showed glucose was negatively associated with risk of event of multiple infection after adjusting confounders (Odds ratio (OR)=0.84, 95%CI(0.57-1.22). Non-linear relationship was detected between glucose and multiplicity of HPV, with point at 5.4. After adjusting for the full range of variables, the effect sizes and confidence intervals for the left and right sides of the inflection points were 0.379 (0.196, 0.732) and 5.083 (1.592, 16.229), respectively.
CONCLUSION

In this cross-sectional study, both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia predicted an increased risk of multiple infections, demonstrating a U-shaped association between blood glucose levels and HPV multiple infections.
Analysis of the Potential Role of Key Genes in Atrial Fibrillation Based on Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: He Dan , Ruan Zhong-bao , Song Gui-xian , Chen Ge-cai , Zhu Li , Wang Fei , Wang Mei-xiang
Published: December 2021

Objective: Our study aims to explore the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) using bioinformatics tools.Methods: Microarray datasets of GSE31821 and GSE79768 were downloaded from Gene Expression Synthesis (GEO) database. DEGs were analyzed after merging all microarray data and adjusting batch effect. The screened DEGs were further used for Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database，and PPI nodes were counted by R software. Finally, combined with the above important bioinformatics information, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect some DEGs in the tissues of patients with AF.Results:114 DEGs (|log2 FC|≥0.5) were identified in the AF group compared with the control group. Combining DEGs, enrichment analysis and PPI results, CXCL10, TLR7, DDX58, CCR2, RSAD2, KIT, LYN, and CXCL11 were identified as potential key genes. The expression of two key genes (RSAD2 and CXCL11) was also verified by qRT-PCR in the tissues of AF patients, illustrating the reliability and biomarker potential of the key genes.Conclusion: 8 potential key genes may play an important role in the development of AF, and they may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AF.
The Effect of Methyltransferase NSUN2 in Stroke
Authors: Ni Xuqing , Liu Xia , Yao Xinyu , Li Shan , Zhu Yurun , Zhu Ye , Mo Yunchang , Dai Qinxue , Wang Junlu
Published: December 2021

Stroke is one of the most important diseases that seriously threaten the health and public health of elderly patients.NSUN2 refers to the predominant methyltransferase for RNA m5C methylation, contributing to increased RNA stability, translocation and translation, and playing an important role in the physiopathology. However, there is insignificant progress on the biological functions and mechanisms of NSUN2 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, C57BL/6 mice were employed to establish a middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion injury model (MCAO) and found to significantly increase in NSUN2 protein and mRNA expression levels by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Subsequently, NSUN2 knockout mice were exploited to build the MCAO model. This study reported that knockout of NSUN2 significantly aggravated brain infarct size and behavioral scores, while reducing 7-day postoperative survival and increasing neuronal apoptosis and injury in MCAO mice. According to the investigation of Western blotting results, decreased PI3K/AKT, ICAM-1 and Bcl-2 protein expressions and increased apoptosis-related protein (Caspase-3/Bax) were found. Overall, this study suggested that NSUN2 may affect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/AKT signaling channel and ICAM-1 protein regulation of apoptosis.
Missing Samples Estimation of Synthetic ECG Signals by FCM-based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (FCMANFIS)
Authors: dabiri asghar , Dabanloo Nader Jafarnia , Rahatabad Fereidoon Nooshirvan , Maghooli Keivan
Published: December 2021

This paper presents estimation of missed samples recovery of Synthetic electrocardiography (ECG) signals by an ANFIS (Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) method. After designing the ANFIS model using FCM (Fuzzy C Means) clustering method. In MATLAB’s standard library for ANFIS, only least-square-estimation and the back-propagation algorithms are used for tuning membership functions and generation of fis (fuzzy inference system) file, but at current work we have used FCM method that shows better result. Root mean square error (difference of the reference input and the generated data by ANFIS) for the three synthetic data cases are: a. Train data: RMSE = 1.7112e-5b. Test data: RMSE = 5.184e-3c. All data: RMSE = 2.2663e-3
Exploring New Targets and Publication Tendency of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Sheng Xiaonan , Dai Huijuan , Song Yonggang , Ma Xueyun
Published: December 2021

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and it lacks an efficient target treatment. Here, we aimed to gain knowledge on the development of TNBC research and explore potential treatment strategies.Methods: We analyzed 14,389 publications on TNBC from the Web of Science (WOS) over the past 20 years, from 2000 to 2020, using bibliometric methods. We evaluated the publication tendency of TNBC and the contributions of different countries. Institutions and journals with the highest number of TNBC publications were screened. Finally, the research focus of the TNBC publications were also analyzed.Results: TNBC publications have significantly increased in the past 20 years, with elevated relative research interest (RRI). The USA has the most TNBC-related publications with high quality, and China is the country with the most rapid growth tendency in TNBC publications. The University of Texas System is the institution with the most TNBC publications. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment is the journal that published the most TNBC-related publications. The top 30 publications with high citations are also listed. The researches focusing on TNBC in the past 20 years were separated into four main clusters: tumor biology, TNBC therapies, treatment sensitivity, and gene mutations. The research focus in TNBC ranked by appearing years reflects the development of TNBC treatment strategy, showing that targeting tumor immunity is now the main focus in TNBC research. Conclusions: Using bibliometric analysis, we initially revealed the increasing interest in TNBC research and summarized the publication tendency of TNBC. We also reported focused topics screened from publications in the past 20 years, indicating the main problems and research objectives of TNBC for the first time. Immune-related topics are becoming the focus of TNBC research.
Patterns of Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy in Immediate Breast Reconstruction – Results from the iBRA-2 Cohort Study
Authors: Rattay Tim , Trickey Adam , O'Connell Rachel L , Dave Rajiv V , Skillman Joanna , Barnes Nicola LP , Gardiner Matthew D , Holcombe Chris , Potter Shelley
Published: December 2021

PurposeLong-term data indicates that post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is associated with improved overall survival in all node-positive breast cancer patients. Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) remains controversial in the context of planned PMRT, but rates of IBR are increasing. The aim of this study was to examine current practice of PMRT in patients undergoing mastectomy +/- IBR.MethodsData were collected from 2,526 patients enrolled in the iBRA-2 prospective cohort study undergoing mastectomy +/- IBR between 1st July and 31st December 2016, recruited consecutively at 71 centres across the United Kingdom, Ireland, and five international centres.ResultsOf a total of 2,590 breast procedures included in the analysis, 696 were implant-based, 105 pedicled flap and 230 free-flap reconstruction. 31.4% of implant-based, 34.3% of pedicled, and 32.5% of free-flap reconstructions were recommended for PMRT. PMRT recommendation by cancer stage was 21% for T1-2 N0, 65% for T1-2 N1, and 89% for Tany N2 and T3 Nany disease. On multivariate analysis, patients undergoing IBR were no less likely to be recommended for PMRT than patients having mastectomy only. However, patients in Northern Ireland/Ireland, the North of England, and Scotland were less likely to be recommended for PMRT.ConclusionAlthough IBR was more likely to be performed for lower stage cancers and younger patients with fewer co-morbidities, patients undergoing IBR were no less likely to be recommended for PMRT, irrespective of reconstruction technique. This study also highlighted regional variation in PMRT practice within the UK which merits further investigation.
Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes on Aerobic Metabolism of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Liu Lian , Liang Chun-lan , Fan Wei , Zhong Jing-Xiang
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSC-Exo) on aerobic metabolism of cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced oxidative damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19, and to explore the protective mechanism of HUCMSC-Exo on oxidative damage in ARPE-19 cells.
Methods

HUCMSC-Exo were extracted and identified; JC-1 flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of exosomes with different concentrations on the apoptosis of oxidatively damaged ARPE-19 cells. The effects of exosomes with different concentrations on the activity of oxidative metabolic enzymes (oxidative respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V) and ATP synthesis in oxidatively damaged ARPE-19 cells were detected by spectrophotometry.
Results

Under transmission electron microscope, HUCMSC-Exo were round and oval membrane vesicles with diameters of about 40-100 nm. Western blot results showed that HUCMSC-Exo expressed specific marker proteins CD63 and CD9; The proportion of apoptosis in the high-concentration exosomes intervention group was significantly lower than that in the injury non-intervention group; in 50µg/mL and 100µg/mL exosome intervention group, ATP synthesis were significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). The activities of mitochondrial complex I, IV, and V in high concentration exosomes intervention groups were higher than those in other concentration intervention groups.
Conclusion

HUCMSC-Exo had a certain protective effect on ARPE-19 cells induced by CoCl2 in vitro. The protective mechanism of HUCMSC-Exo on oxidative damage ARPE-19 cells might be through saving its aerobic metabolic function, restoring cell ATP synthesis, and improving the ability of cells to repair damage and deal with the hypoxic environment.
The Effect of Epigallocatechin gallate on Cross-talk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis in NALM-6 Cell Line
Authors: Gharehchahi Faezeh , Zare Farahnaz , Dehbidi Gholamreza Rafie , Yousefi Zahra , Pourpirali Somayeh , Tamaddon Gholamhossein
Published: December 2021

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a prevalent hematological malignancy in 2-5-year-old children. Chemotherapy, as the most common treatment for ALL, is not usually responsive. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a small molecule extracted from green tea, has significant effects on tumor cells through different mechanisms, such as DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. In this study, we investigated the impact of EGCG on autophagy and apoptosis in NALM-6 cell line. Methods and results: Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT and Trypan blue exclusion assay, and flow cytometry. It was shown that EGCG remarkably inhibited proliferation, reduced cell viability, and induced apoptosis in NALM-6 cell line (P<0.05). In addition, real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to examine autophagy. It was observed that EGCG resulted in a 4-fold increase in LC3 protein level (P<0.05) while reducing the mRNA expression level of LC3B, P62/SQSTM1, and Atg2B genes (P<0.01). It also caused around 1.3-fold increase in DRAM1 mRNA expression level (P<0.05). Finally, it was indicated that the inhibition of autophagy affects apoptosis neither in untreated nor treated cells with EGCG.Conclusion: These results show that EGCG can induce apoptosis and autophagy in NALM-6 cell line while inhibition of autophagy cannot affect apoptosis in this cell line.
Epilepsy of Infancy With Migrating Focal Seizures (EIMFS): Expansion of Clinical Phenotypic And Genotypic Spectra
Authors: Wu Liwen , Cai Fang , Gan Siyi , Yang Sai , Yang Xiaofan , Yang Haiyan
Published: December 2021

EIMFS is a rare early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with unknown etiology and poor prognosis. This study included 36 patients who were diagnosed with EIMFS. 17/36 cases had causative variants across 11 genes, including 6 novel EIMFS genes: PCDH19, ALDH7A1, DOCK6, PRRT2, ALG1 and ATP7A. 13/36 patients had ineffective seizure control, 14/36 patients had severe retardation and 6/36 patients died. Of them, the genes for ineffective seizure control, severe retardation or death include KCNT1, SCN2A, SCN1A, ALG1, ATP7A and WWOX. 17 patients had abnormal MRI, of which 8 had ineffective seizure control, 7 had severe retardation and 4 died. 13 patients had hypsarrhythmia, of which 6 had ineffective seizure control, 6 had severe retardation and 2 died. Also, 7 patients had burst suppression, of which 1 had ineffective seizure control, 3 had severe retardation and 3 died. This study is the first to report that ALDH7A1, ATP7A, DOCK6, PRRT2, ALG1, and PCDH19 mutations cause the phenotypic spectrum of EIMFS to expand the genotypic spectrum. The genes KCNT1, SCN2A, SCN1A, ALG1, ATP7A and WWOX may be associated with poor prognosis. The patients presenting with MRI abnormalities, hypsarrhythmia and burst suppression in EEG may be associated with poor prognosis.
Rational Design and Synthesis of a Novel BODIPY-based Probe for Selective Imaging of Tau Tangles in Human iPSC-derived Cortical Neurons
Authors: Soloperto Alessandro , Quaglio Deborah , Baiocco Paola , Romeo Isabella , Mori Mattia , Ardini Matteo , Presutti Caterina , Sannino Ida , Ghirga Silvia , Iazzetti Antonia , Ippoliti Rodolfo , Ruocco Giancarlo , Botta Bruno , Ghirga Francesca , Angelantonio Silvia Di , Boffi Alberto
Published: December 2021

Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between the number of neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein and Alzheimer's disease progression, making the quantitative detection of tau very promising from a clinical point of view. However, the lack of highly reliable fluorescent probes for selective imaging of tau neurofibrillary tangles is a major challenge due to sharing similar β−sheet motifs with homologous Amyloid-β fibrils. In the current work, we describe the rational design and the in silico evaluation of a small-size focused library of fluorescent probes, consisting of a BODIPY core (electron acceptor) featuring highly conjugated systems (electron donor) with a length in the range 13-19 Å at C3. Among the most promising probes in terms of binding mode, theoretical affinity and polarity, BT1 has been synthesized and tested in vitro onto human induced pluripotent stem cells derived neuronal cell cultures. The probe showed excellent photophysical properties and high selectivity allowing in vitro imaging of hyperphosphorylated tau protein filaments with minimal background noise. Our findings offer new insight into the structure-activity relationship of this class of tau selective fluorophores, paving the way for boosting tau tangle detection in patients possibly through retinal spectral scans.
Estimating Actual Abundance of European Sousliks: Using UAV Imagery, Pixel Based Image Analysis and Random Forest Classification to Count Souslik Burrows
Authors: Gedeon Csongor I. , Árvai Mátyás , Szatmári Gábor , Brevik Eric C. , Takáts Tünde , Kovacs Zsofia , Meszaros Janos
Published: December 2021

Burrowing mammals are widespread and contribute significantly to soil ecosystem services. However, how to conduct a non-invasive estimation of their actual population size has remained a challenge. Results support that the number of burrow entrances is positively correlated with population abundance and burrows’ location indicates their area of occupancy consequently it provides a benchmark for estimating population size. European souslik is an endangered burrowing species in decline across its range. We present an imagery-based method to identify and count animals’ burrows semi-automatically by combining remotely recorded RGB images, pixel-based imagery (PBI) and Random Forest (RF) classification. Field images recorded in four colonies were collected, combined and then processed by histogram matching and spectral band normalisation to improve the spectral distinction between the categories BURROW, SOIL, TREE, GRASS. Raw or processed images were analysed by RF classification to compare the change in accuracy metrics as a result of processing. From accuracy metrics kappa of precision (κBURROWP) and sensitivity (κBURROWS) for BURROW were 95 and 90% respectively. A 10-time bootstrapping of the final model resulted in coefficients of variation (CV%) of κBURROWS and κBURROWP lower than 5%, moreover CV% values were not significantly different between precision and sensitivity scores. The consistency of classification results and balanced precision and sensitivity confirmed the applicability of this approach. Our method provides an accurate and user-friendly tool to count the number of burrow openings and delineate the areas of occupancy as compared to traditional, more invasive approaches or other computer capacity and end-user expertise demanding methods.
The Effect of Tranexamic Acid and Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid on Bleeding During Hip and Knee Arthroplasty：A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xiaoxiao Xu , Mingdeng Xu , Feng Xie , Jikun Ma , Xin Wang , Dianming Jiang
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo compare the hemostatic effect and risk of thrombosis between tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid.MethodsA retrospective study of 140 cases of joint replacement, including 93 cases in the tranexamic acid (TXA) group and 47 cases in the epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) group. TXA or EACA was injected intravenously 30 minutes before surgery, and TXA or EACA was infused into the joint cavity after the wound was closed. The drainage, blood loss and plasma albumin loss were observed after operation.ResultsThe postoperative hemoglobin loss in the two groups was 19.1±11.4g/L, 20.3±13.6g/L, P>0.05. However, the drainage volume of the TXA group was less than that of the EACA group, which were 103.3±92.1ml and 117.4±120.9ml, respectively, P<0.05. The blood transfusion rate in the TXA group was higher than that in the EACA group, 14% and 34%, respectively, P<0.05. The postoperative plasma albumin loss of the two groups of patients was 7.4±8.0g/L and 7.3±5.5g/L respectively, P=0.05.ConclusionsThe hemostatic effect of TXA was slightly better than that of EACA, and the proportion of transfusion of TXA was lower.Level of Evidence: Level III
Mathematical Model For Forwarding Packets In Communication Network
Authors: Hussein Samaa Adel Ibrahim , Zaki Fayez Wanis , Ashour Mohammed
Published: December 2021

In recent years, SDN technology has been applied to several networks such as wide area network (WAN). IT provides many benefits, such as: enhancing data transfer, promoting Application performance and reducing deployment costs. Software Defined-WAN networks lack studies and references. This paper introduced a system for SD-WAN network using PH/PH/C queues. It concentrates on the study of algebraic estimates the probability distribution of the system states. The Matrix-Geometric solution procedure of a phase type distribution queue with first-come first-served discipline is used.
Association Between Operation Duration of Total Knee Arthroplasty and Risk of Blood Transfusion Events: A Secondary Analysis Based on Cohort Study in Singapore
Authors: Liu Bo , He Yue , Pan Junpeng , Wang Zhijie
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe purpose of our research is to explore the association between operation duration and the risk of blood transfusion in the patients undergoing TKA.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis based on the data of a single-center retrospective cohort study in Singapore. The independent variable was the operation duration, and the dependent variable was the risk of blood transfusion events in the perioperation. we analyzed the risk factors of blood transfusion in the Perioperative period by univariate logistic regression, then, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for variables that might affect the operation duration of TKA and the risk of blood transfusion events. Additional analyses examined this association by the subgroup analysis by using stratified multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 2,622 patients, 153 (5.8%) had blood transfusion in perioperative period. The older (OR=1.051 ,95% CI:1.030, 1.073), the lower BMI (OR=0.939,95% CI: 0.903,0.976),the lower Hb (OR=0.603,95% CI: 0.541 6.132), the DM on insulin (OR=2.542,95%CI:1.054, 6.132), the Bilateral TKA(OR=3.202, 95%CI:2.087, 4.913), the within CHF (OR=4.600, 95% CI :1.685, 12.563), the Cr≥2mg/dl (OR=7.246, 95% CI:2.739, 19.166), the higher ASA status (OR=6.439, 95% CI:2.403, 17.249), the higher risk of blood transfusion (P<0.05).The operation duration was positively correlated with perioperative blood transfusion. We demonstrated that the risk of blood transfusion increased by 1.1% for 1-minute increase in operation duration (OR = 1.011,95% CI: 1.004,1.018). ConclusionOur research shows that the longer the TKA operation duration, the higher the incidence of blood transfusion. The risk of blood transfusion events increases by 66% for every 1-hour increase in operation duration. Compared with patients with operation duration＜100 minutes, patients with operation duration more than 100 minutes have an increased risk of blood transfusion events by 56.8%.
Relationship of Electrical Properties and Partical Size of Piezoelectric Ceramics Fabricated by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing
Authors: Liu Kai , Hu Jiaming , Shi Yusheng , Zhou Chenyang , Sun Yunfei , Zhang Song , Tu Rong , Zhang Qingqing , Zhang Yuzhen , Yin Changxia , Huang Shangyu , Sun Huajun
Published: December 2021

To improve electrical properties of BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics fabricated by 3D printing, effects of particle sizes was investigated on rheological and curing properties of ceramic slurries, electrical properties of BaTiO3 fabricated by Digital Light Processing 3D printing method. It was found that the curing ability of ceramic slurries decreased first and then increased with the increase of particle size from 136 nm to 1486 nm, while the viscosity of the slurries kept decreasing. When the particle size in a range of submicron, the grain size of sintered ceramics decreased from 13.27 μm to 6.84 μm as particle size increasing. Immediately, the relative density, piezoelectric constant, relative permittivity and remanent polarization of sintered ceramics were measured and it turns out to reach 95.32%, 161.4 pC/N, 1512 and 7.59 uC/cm2 respectively while using the BaTiO3 powder with particle sizes of 993 nm. Finally, a cellular structural BaTiO3 ceramics was fabricated by using optimized powder and process parameters and packaged as a piezoelectric sensor, showing a good function of force-electricity conversion. These results demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating high-quality functional ceramics with designed geometry by Digital Light Processing.
Detect Extreme Sentiments on Social Networks using BERT
Authors: Jamil Muhammad Luqman , Pais Sebastião , Cordeiro João , Dias Gaël
Published: December 2021

Online social networking platforms allow people to freely express their ideas, opinions, and emotions negatively or positively. Previous studies have examined user’s sentiments on these platforms to study their behaviour in different contexts and purposes. The mechanism of collecting public opinion information has attracted researchers to automatically classify the polarity of public opinions based on the use of concise language in messages, such as tweets, by analyzing social media data. In this paper, we extend the preceding work [1], by proposing an unsupervised approach to automatically detect extreme opinions/posts in social networks. We have evaluated our performance on five different social network and media datasets. In this work, we use the semi-supervised approach BERT to check the accuracy of our classified dataset. The latter task shows that, in these datasets, posts that were previously classified as negative or positive are, in fact, extremely negative or positive in many cases.
4D-QSAR Analyses for EGFR Inhibitors Based on CDDA-OPS-GA Method
Authors: Qin Daogang , Zeng Xiaoqi , Zhao Tiansheng , Cai Biying , Yang Bowen , Tu Guogang
Published: December 2021

Epidermal growth factor receptor is a preferred target for treating cancer. Compared to 3D-QSAR, 4D-QSAR has the feature of conformational flexibility and free alignment for individual ligands. In present studies, the 4D-QSAR of 131 analogs of 4-anilino quinazoline for EGFR inhibitors was built. The GROMACS package was employed to yield the conformational ensemble profile. The field descriptors of Coulomb and Lennard−Jones potentials were calculated by LQTA-QSAR. The filter descriptors and variable selection is very important, which was performed by means of comparative distribution detection algorithm (CDDA), ordered predictors selection (OPS) and genetic algorithm (GA) method. Best 4D-QSAR model yielded satisfactory statistics (R2 = 0.71), good performance in internal (Q2LOO = 0.60) and external prediction (R2pred = 0.69, k = 0.97, k′ = 1.01). The 4D-QSAR was shown to be robust (Q2LMO = 0.59) and was not built by chance (R2YS = 0.17, Q2YS = −0.25). The model has a good potential for rational design new EGFR inhibitors.
In Vivo Analysis of Hindfoot Joints Movement During Stance Phase in Stage Ⅱ Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Deng Zhenhan , Cai Zijun , Li Yusheng , Deng Zhiqin , Lu Wei , Xu Jian
Published: December 2021

Background

This study aims to compare the kinematic characteristics of hindfoot joints of stage Ⅱ adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) and normal foot through two-dimension (2D) -three-dimension (3D) registration technology and a single fluoroscopic imaging system, thus to provide research basis to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of AAFD.
Methods

Then seven normal volunteers and eight volunteers with stage Ⅱ AAFD were recruited to take the CT scans for their bilateral feet in neutral positions, after that their lateral dynamic X-ray data during stance phase were collected including fourteen normal feet and ten flatfeet. A computer-aided simulated light source for 3D CT model was applied to obtain a virtual image, and it is matched with the dynamic X-ray images to make a registration in “Fluo” software, by which finally the spatial changes during the stance phase can be calculated.
Results

In the early stage of touching the ground and the middle stage of standing, the extension and external rotation valgus of the navicular bone of the flat foot was compared with that of the normal navicular bone, and there was no significant difference in the extension and external rotation valgus of the calcaneus between the cuboid phase and the normal navicular bone. In the late stance phase, the degree of varus relative to the distance of the navicular bone was smaller in the flat foot than in the normal foot but the degree of metatarsal flexion was not significantly different between the cuboid and the calcaneus, and the degree of varus was smaller in the calcaneus but the degree of metatarsal flexion was greater.
Conclusion

During the early and mid-stance phase, there are excessive motion in the subtalar and talonavicular joints in stage Ⅱ AAFD. During the late stance phase, the motion of subtalar and talonavicular joints are in the decompensated state. During the whole stance phase, the motion of calcaneocuboid joint has no significant difference in both normal foot and stage Ⅱ AAFD.
Two New Penicillium Species Penicillium Dongtaiense Sp. Nov and Penicillium Yanchengense sp. nov., Isolated From a Poplar Plantation in China
Authors: Hu Shuang , Han Pei , Yu Xing-Ye , Wang Bao-Teng , Jin Long , Jin Feng-Jie
Published: December 2021

Studies on the degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides by fungal extracellular enzymes have attracted much recent attention. In this study, dozens of fungus species spanning genera were isolated from rotting leaves based on their ability to decompose xylan. Using genetic sequencing (rDNA internal transcribed spacer), strains were identified as members of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Campylocarpon, Pyrenochaeta and Cladosporium. Among these strains, two Penicillium strains can’t be assigned to any reported species. In this study, they are described new species as Penicillium yanchengium sp. novT (AF 2021051) and Penicillium dongtaiense sp. novT (AF 2121001) based on multigene phylogenetic analysis and morphology. Penicillium yanchengense sp. novT belong to Penicillium section Lanata-Divaricata and are phylogenetically closely related to Penicillium oxalicum and Penicillium asturianum. Isolates of Penicillium yanchengense sp. novT have a faster growth on Czapek yeast agar (CYA) at 37 ℃, abundant exudate present on CYA, and a greater ability to produce acid on creatine sucrose agar (CREA). Penicillium dongtaiense sp. novT was placed in section Sclerotiora and it is most closely related to Penicillium exsudans, Penicillium mallochii and Penicillium acidum. It is unique in slower growth on CYA and MEA plates, abundant exudate on MEA, and cerebriform grooves on YES compared to its relatives. In this study, we provide detailed description about two species.