bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Singapore’s 5 decades of dengue prevention and control—Implications for global dengue control
Authors: Ho Soon Hoe , Lim Jue Tao , Ong Janet , Hapuarachchi Hapuarachchige Chanditha , Sim Shuzhen , Ng Lee Ching
Published: June 2023

This paper summarises the lessons learnt in dengue epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention in Singapore over the last half a century, during which Singapore evolved from a city of 1.9 million people to a highly urban globalised city-state with a population of 5.6 million. Set in a tropical climate, urbanisation among green foliage has created ideal conditions for the proliferation of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the mosquito vectors that transmit dengue. A vector control programme, largely for malaria, was initiated as early as 1921, but it was only in 1966 that the Vector Control Unit (VCU) was established to additionally tackle dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) that was first documented in the 1960s. Centred on source reduction and public education, and based on research into the bionomics and ecology of the vectors, the programme successfully reduced the Aedes House Index (HI) from 48% in 1966 to <5% in the 1970s. Further enhancement of the programme, including through legislation, suppressed the Aedes HI to around 1% from the 1990s. The current programme is characterised by 4 key features: (i) proactive inter-epidemic surveillance and control that is stepped up during outbreaks; (ii) risk-based prevention and intervention strategies based on advanced data analytics; (iii) coordinated inter-sectoral cooperation between the public, private, and people sectors; and (iv) evidence-based adoption of new tools and strategies. Dengue seroprevalence and force of infection (FOI) among residents have substantially and continuously declined over the 5 decades. This is consistent with the observation that dengue incidence has been delayed to adulthood, with severity highest among the elderly. Paradoxically, the number of reported dengue cases and outbreaks has increased since the 1990s with record-breaking epidemics. We propose that Singapore’s increased vulnerability to outbreaks is due to low levels of immunity in the population, constant introduction of new viral variants, expanding urban centres, and increasing human density. The growing magnitude of reported outbreaks could also be attributed to improved diagnostics and surveillance, which at least partially explains the discord between rising trend in cases and the continuous reduction in dengue seroprevalence. Changing global and local landscapes, including climate change, increasing urbanisation and global physical connectivity are expected to make dengue control even more challenging. The adoption of new vector surveillance and control tools, such as the Gravitrap and Wolbachia technology, is important to impede the growing threat of dengue and other Aedes-borne diseases.
The determinants of sustained adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among older Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Authors: Salti Nisreen , McCall Stephen J. , Abi Zeid Berthe , El Salibi Noura , Alawieh Marwan , Ramadan Zeinab , Ghattas Hala , Abdulrahim Sawsan
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Lebanon has battled the COVID-19 pandemic in the midst of an economic crisis. The evolution of the pandemic and a fragile health system have meant that public health policy has had to rely heavily on non-pharmaceutical interventions for disease control. However, changes in disease dynamics, an unraveling economy, and pandemic fatigue have meant that disease control policies need to be updated.

Methods

Using recent and timely data on older (50 years and above) Syrian refugees in Lebanon, this paper uses multivariate linear probability models to explore the determinants of adherence to two non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 prevention measures (wearing a mask and avoiding social gatherings) among this high-risk subgroup in a vulnerable population. Among respondents who report adhering to these measures, the paper also investigates the determinants of sustained adherence over a period of 6 months.

Results

The findings suggest that no individual-level characteristics were robustly associated with mask wearing. For avoiding social gatherings, education was inversely associated with adherence to this preventive measure. Avoiding social gatherings was also significantly lower for residents of informal tented settlements (ITSs). Among initial adherents, and for both preventive practices, ITS dwellers were also significantly less likely to maintain adherence.

Conclusion

Identifying variables associated with adherence to non-pharmaceutical preventive practices, particularly for vulnerable groups, can help inform and refine interventions in the face of changing conditions. The material, physical, administrative and socio-economic constraints of life in an ITS suggest that avoiding social gatherings is hardly feasible. Yet despite the challenging conditions of ITSs, the indication to wear a mask is initially complied with, suggesting that tailoring policies to the limits and constrains of context can lead to successful outcomes even in very adverse settings.
Assessment of diversity-based approaches used by American Universities to increase recruitment and retention of biomedical sciences research faculty members: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Petersen Britta , Koshy-Chenthittayil Sherli , DeArmond Megan , Caromile Leslie A.
Published: June 2023

Diversity enriches the educational experience by improving intellectual engagement, self-motivation, citizenship, cultural engagement, and academic skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and writing for students of all races. Faculty role models from similar backgrounds are essential for students from traditionally underrepresented groups as it sends a powerful message of support, belonging, and the confidence to pursue higher education. However, in the biomedical sciences, the percentage of historically underrepresented tenure-track faculty is far lower than that of their white colleagues. For this to change, a strong strategic plan and commitment from the university are imperative. This scoping review will assess the size and scope of available peer-reviewed research literature on diversity programs that aim to increase the recruitment and retention of biomedical sciences research faculty and are implemented and evaluated at American Universities. The information provided in this scoping review will help universities identify novel, successful diversity-based approaches for recruiting and retaining biomedical science faculty that might suit their own unique academic and geographic needs and be incorporated into their diversity initiatives and policies. The review follows the Population-Concept-Context methodology for Joanna Briggs Institution Scoping Reviews. Relevant peer-reviewed studies published in English between June 1, 2012, to June 1, 2022, will be identified from the following electronic databases; MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier), EMBASE (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCO), and ERIC (EBSCO). The search strings using the key variables “biomedical research faculty,” “recruitment/retention,” “diversity/ minority/ underrepresented, and “mentoring” will be conducted using Boolean logic. Two independent reviewers will conduct all title and abstract screening, followed by a full article screening and data extraction. Due to the possible heterogeneity of the studies, we hope to use either a narrative analysis and/or descriptive figures/tables to depict the results.
Accuracy and reliability of self-administered visual acuity tests: Systematic review of pragmatic trials
Authors: Thirunavukarasu Arun James , Hassan Refaat , Limonard Aaron , Savant Shalom Vitreous
Published: June 2023

Background

Remote self-administered visual acuity (VA) tests have the potential to allow patients and non-specialists to assess vision without eye health professional input. Validation in pragmatic trials is necessary to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of tests in relevant settings to justify deployment. Here, published pragmatic trials of these tests were synthesised to summarise the effectiveness of available options and appraise the quality of their supporting evidence.

Methods

A systematic review was undertaken in accordance with a preregistered protocol (CRD42022385045). The Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched. Screening was conducted according to the following criteria: (1) English language; (2) primary research article; (3) visual acuity test conducted out of eye clinic; (4) no clinical administration of remote test; (5) accuracy or reliability of remote test analysed. There were no restrictions on trial participants. Quality assessment was conducted with QUADAS-2.

Results

Of 1227 identified reports, 10 studies were ultimately included. One study was at high risk of bias and two studies exhibited concerning features of bias; all studies were applicable. Three trials—of DigiVis, iSight Professional, and Peek Acuity—from two studies suggested that accuracy of the remote tests is comparable to clinical assessment. All other trials exhibited inferior accuracy, including conflicting results from a pooled study of iSight Professional and Peek Acuity. Two studies evaluated test-retest agreement—one trial provided evidence that DigiVis is as reliable as clinical assessment. The three most accurate tests required access to digital devices. Reporting was inconsistent and often incomplete, particularly with regards to describing methods and conducting statistical analysis.

Conclusions

Remote self-administered VA tests appear promising, but further pragmatic trials are indicated to justify deployment in carefully defined contexts to facilitate patient or non-specialist led assessment. Deployment could augment teleophthalmology, non-specialist eye assessment, pre-consultation triage, and autonomous long-term monitoring of vision.
Application of plasma alternative to serum for measuring leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein as a biomarker of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ichimiya Tadashi , Kazama Tomoe , Ishigami Keisuke , Yokoyama Yoshihiro , Hayashi Yuki , Takahashi Satoshi , Itoi Takao , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder characterized by recurrent flare-ups and remission. Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein (LRG) has been developed as a new serum biomarker of disease activity in patients with IBD. However, there have been no reports on whether plasma LRG can be used as an alternative to serum LRG. Therefore, in this retrospective study, we evaluated the usefulness of plasma LRG compared to serum LRG.

Methods

We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study. A total of 108 IBD patients (ulcerative colitis [UC], 56; Crohn’s disease [CD], 52) who received treatment at Sapporo Medical University Hospital between August 2020 and September 2021 were enrolled. Serum and plasma LRG levels were measured using the NANOPIA LRG kit. Disease activity was assessed using the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) for CD and partial Mayo (pMayo) score for UC. Endoscopic activity was evaluated using the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES) and Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) in patients with UC and the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) score in patients with CD.

Results

Serum LRG levels significantly correlated with plasma LRG levels (r = 0.990, p<0.0001). Plasma LRG levels were significantly associated with SES-CD (r = 0.992, p<0.0001), indicating that plasma LRG levels may predict endoscopic activity in CD. In UC patients, the cutoff values of plasma LRG for remission were 12.7 μg/mL for MES ≤1 and 10.0 μg/mL for UCEIS of = 0.

Conclusion

The present study showed that plasma LRG levels correlate well with serum LRG levels. Therefore, plasma LRG can be clinically applied as a biomarker for assessing endoscopic disease activity in patients with IBD.
Safety and effectiveness of intra-articular injection of a highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid, LBSA0103 (Synovian): Results from a post-marketing surveillance study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jae Gyoon , Kim Kang-Il , Park Ki-Bong , Park Yong-Geun , Bae Ji Hoon , Seo Young-Jin , Seon Jong-Keun , Shon Oog Jin , Ahn Ji Hyun , Wang Lih , Wang Joon-Ho , Choi Eui Sung , Ha Jeong-Ku , Han Hyuk-Soo , Moon Sang Won
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid—LBSA0103—in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) as per the prescribing information (PI) in South Korea. A total of 3,140 subjects aged ≥19 years were enrolled in this post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study from 2013 to 2019. The subjects received one or two injections of LBSA0103. The median duration of follow-up was 308 days. Adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and serious AEs (SAEs) were monitored. Effectiveness was evaluated based on an index of effectiveness in accordance with the guidelines established by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) for weight-bearing pain. Overall, 250 subjects (7.96%) experienced 292 AEs and of these, unexpected AEs occurred in 114 subjects (3.63% [95% CI: 3.00–4.35]). Injection site pain was the most frequent AE reported by 81 subjects (2.58% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.05–3.20]). One hundred subjects experienced 108 ADRs (3.18% [95% CI: 2.60, 3.86]) and 15 unexpected ADRs were experienced by 13 subjects (0.41% [95% CI: 0.22–0.71]). Seventeen subjects experienced 22 SAEs (0.54% [95% CI: 0.32–0.87]) during the entire PMS period, and all were considered “unlikely” related to the study drug. Most AEs were mild in terms of severity and resolved during the study period. LBSA0103 was also effective in relieving symptomatic pain in knee OA patients. The condition in more than 80% of the subjects was considered to be improved when assessed by the investigators. LBSA0103 resulted in a significant reduction in the mean VAS score at 12 weeks after the first and second injections (24.79 (± 20.55) mm and 17.63 (±12.31) mm, respectively; p<0.0001). In conclusion, LBSA0103, used for the treatment of knee OA in a real-world setting, was well tolerated, with an acceptable safety profile and consistent therapeutic effect.
Multi-character approach reveals a new mangrove population of the Yellow Warbler complex, Setophaga petechia, on Cozumel Island, Mexico
Authors: Machkour-M’Rabet Salima , Santamaría-Rivero Waldemar , Dzib-Chay Alexander , Torres Cristiani Leopoldo , MacKinnon-Haskins Barbara
Published: June 2023

TheSetophaga petechiacomplex includes 43 subspecies distributed within the new world, of which some are migratory and others are resident, with only two resident subspecies in the Mexican Caribbean:Setophaga petechia bryantia mangrove subspecies belonging to theerithachoridesgroup resident on the mainland of the Yucatan Peninsula andSetophaga petechia rufivertexendemic to Cozumel Island and belonging to thepetechiagroup. Recently, a new population of individuals presenting intermediate phenotypic traits and living in mangrove ecosystems was discovered and reported for Cozumel Island. In this study, we used a multi-character approach including genetic (five ISSR genetic markers), morphometric (eight traits), phenotypic (four characteristics of males), and acoustic dataset (11 parameters) to understand the process of differentiation and the status of these new island individuals in relation to the two well-established subspecies using a total of 60 individuals (20 for each group). Through multivariate analyses based on different dataset used in our study, we show how the new population is related to the endemic island subspecies,S.p.rufivertexand to the mainland subspecies,S.p.bryantiwhile demonstrating finite differences. We conclude that the new population ofS.petechiaon Cozumel Island is a well-established population with high level of differentiation.
Exploring the acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness of a communication-friendly classroom tool for use in Irish schools: A qualitative inquiry
Authors: Gallagher Aoife Lily , Murphy Rachel , Fitzgerald Johanna , Murphy Carol-Anne , Law James
Published: June 2023

Background

Ten percent of the school-aged population have speech, language, and communication needs (SLCN) that impact access to the curriculum. Successful implementation of classroom-based SLCN interventions can reduce barriers to learning, thereby improving educational outcomes for this vulnerable population. The challenges of implementing innovations in educational settings are well-documented, yet limited studies have addressed such considerations when developing, and piloting universal level SLCN interventions for use in Irish schools.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory study was undertaken to establish the acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness of a universal level SLCN intervention. An advisory panel of teachers (n = 8) and children with SLCN (n = 2) were engaged as co-researchers in the study. The Communication Supporting Classrooms Observation Tool, developed as part of the Better Communication Project in the UK, was trialled across a diverse sample of school settings (n = 5). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with school practitioners and school leaders, and a deductive content analysis was undertaken using the domains of the Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research.

Discussion

The observation tool was viewed as acceptable with suggested additions. Integrating use of the tool within existing data-informed, school self-evaluation processes aimed at supporting school improvement was noted as a potential means of supporting implementation. A knowledge gap in relation to school-based models of support for SLCN was identified which may negatively impact implementation. An implementation strategy targeting coherence, cognitive engagement and contextual integration is indicated if the tool is to be normalised into routine practice in Irish classrooms. Implementation needs appeared to vary at the school level.

Conclusions

The importance of early-stage exploration to guide implementation planning with regards to developing and testing universal level interventions for SLCN in schools is highlighted. Engaging an advisory panel provides important insights to guide implementation decisions. Findings suggest an adaptive design is required when planning implementation studies targeting classroom setting.
XIAP promotes the expansion and limits the contraction of CD8 T cell response through cell extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms respectively
Authors: Thakker Parva , Ariana Ardeshir , Hajjar Stephanie , Cai David , Rijal Dikchha , Sad Subash
Published: June 2023

XIAP is an endogenous inhibitor of cell death and inactivating mutations of XIAP are responsible for X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP-2) and primary immunodeficiency, but the mechanism(s) behind these contradictory outcomes have been unclear. We report that during infection of macrophages and dendritic cells with various intracellular bacteria, XIAP restricts cell death and secretion of IL-1β but promotes increased activation of NFκB and JNK which results in elevated secretion of IL-6 and IL-10. Poor secretion of IL-6 by Xiap-deficient antigen presenting cells leads to poor expansion of recently activated CD8 T cells during the priming phase of the response. On the other hand, Xiap-deficient CD8 T cells displayed increased proliferation and effector function during the priming phase but underwent enhanced contraction subsequently. Xiap-deficient CD8 T cells underwent skewed differentiation towards short lived effectors which resulted in poor generation of memory. Consequently Xiap-deficient CD8 T cells failed to provide effective control of bacterial infection during re-challenge. These results reveal the temporal impact of XIAP in promoting the fitness of activated CD8 T cells through cell extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms and provide a mechanistic explanation of the phenotype observed in XLP-2 patients.
What spacetime does: ideal observers and (Earman's) symmetry principles
Authors: Sus Adan
Published: June 2023

The interpretation and justification of Earman’s symmetry principles (stating that any spacetime symmetry should be a dynamical symmetry and vice-versa) are controversial. This is directly connected to the question of how certain structures in physical theories acquire a spatiotemporal character. In this paper I address these issues from a perspective (arguably functionalist) that relates the classical discussion about the measurement and geometrical determination of space with a characterization of the notion of dynamical symmetry in which its application to subsystems that act as measuring devices plays an essential role. I argue that in order to reformulate and justify Earman’s principles, and to provide a general account of the chronogeometrical character of some structures, the existence of a coordination between two notions of congruence, one mathematical and one dynamical, must be assumed for the interpretation of physical theories. This coordination provides the basis on which we can understand space-time in physical theories as the codification (representation) of certain features of the access ideal observers have to experience.
Improvable Creations
Authors: Van Inwagen Peter
Published: June 2023

God must create the best. But there is no best. Therefore, there is no God. Various philosophers—among them Stephen Grover and William Rowe—have endorsed more elaborate versions of this argument. Dean Zimmerman (in “Resisting Rowe’s No-Best-World Argument for Atheism”) has subjected their defenses of the argument to careful scrutiny—scrutiny that was in fact so careful that there remains very little to say about the argument. This essay contains my attempt to supply that very little.
The Effect of the Carbon Tax and the Emission Reduction Fund on Government Salience
Authors: Dunbar Kirsty M , Wynder Monte , Baxter Peter
Published: June 2023

Many developed countries have committed to targets to reduce their carbon emissions under international agreements. However, a recent 2021 study found that only one country, The Gambia, is on track to meeting its Paris targets. A key mechanism for achieving these national targets is the government. Therefore, the failure of most countries to meet their targets highlights the importance of evaluating the major policy alternatives. Australia instituted a carbon pricing scheme in 2012 that was repealed in 2014 and subsequently replaced with an emissions reduction fund in 2015. This provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of these two major alternative government policies on government salience. This study applies stakeholder theory and finds that the power and urgency of both policies was weakened by uncertainty, an often-neglected factor affecting stakeholder salience. Furthermore, we note that an evaluation of government salience must also consider firm and industry differences and the effect of positively versus negatively framed interventions.
A Vector Error Correction Model of Australian Coking Coal Exports
Authors: Ali Md. Liakat
Published: June 2023

This article examines the long-run equilibrium relationships between the Australian coking coal export and selected variables. Upon testing with appropriate co-integration and vector error-correction models, we detected that the exchange rate of A$/US$, Australian coking coal price and world supply of coking coal have a negative impact on Australian coking coal export in the long run as well as the short run. On the other hand, world demand for coking coal and USA coking coal prices have positive relationships with the Australian coking coal export in the long run and short run. All of these relationships are statistically significant at the 1% level.
Sustainable Development Goals: How do Companies React?
Authors: Vignini Stefania
Published: June 2023

Design/methodology/approach – The methodology followed is eminently qualitative-exploratory based on the administration of questionnaires, aimed at knowing which strategies have been implemented or what strategies are in the process of implementing by the companies to adapt to the challenge. Findings - Our findings show how large companies adapt their business to changing environmental conditions within a short period of time and what they expect in the future. Originality/value - The work presents elements of novelty, as an empirical study in managing the impact of SDGs framework on businesses belonging to the Italian territory.
Pragmatic and Idealist Public Accountants: Interpretation of Professional Ethics through Ricoeur's Hermeneutics
Authors: Kristiantari I Dewa Ayu , Sudarma Made , Purwanti Lilik , Djamhuri Ali
Published: June 2023

For the public accounting profession to remain viable, ethics is a crucial problem. This study aims to analyze professional ethics from a public accountant's viewpoint. In order to accomplish this, an approach based on Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics is employed. According to Ricoeur, interpretation continues to be explained through conduct after understanding. The information was obtained through in-depth interviews with ten public accountants in Indonesia. Information about ethical transgressions will demonstrate consistency between public accountants' attitudes and actions. According to the study's findings, public accountants have various ethical perspectives. The idealist kind of public accountant views ethics as extending beyond compliance with the code of ethics and rules and grounds his behavior on the principles he believes in. The pragmatic type of public accountant limits ethics to compliance with the code of ethics and regulations. Different behaviors result from different understandings. While the idealistic public accountant can avoid unethical action, the pragmatic public accountant is easily drawn into it.
Factors Influencing the Lao PDR Import Value of Processed Agricultural Products from Thailand during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wattanakul Thanet , Sompholkrang Malliga , Watchalaanun Tanawat
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the impact of the Lao macroeconomic factors of real gross domestic product, the Openness Index, and the exchange rate between the Thai and Lao currencies on the Lao import value of agricultural processed products from Thailand. Using product classifications and data from the International Trade Centre, this research examined the total import value (IM) and value of the imported product categories of sugar (HS17), flour (HS19), miscellaneous edible preparations (HS21), beverages (HS22), and animal fodder (HS23) (as dependent variables). The analysis employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach, and the Vector Error Correction Model was applied to analyze the level relationship and test causal relationships among variables by using quarterly time series data from Q1 2012 to Q3 2021. Results show long-run and short-run relationships between GDP and both IM and HS17, but only a long-run relationship with HS22 and a short-run effect on HS19. Following the effects of COVID-19, HS22 will be the fastest market to recover. GDP has the greatest effect on IM in the long run. Granger causality of real GDP was seen running to imports on IM, HS17, and HS19; Openness running to IM and HS19; and exchange rate running to HS17, HS19, HS21, and HS22, with only HS23 unaffected by any factor.
The Effectiveness of Internal Audit for Fraud Prevention
Authors: Lonto Miryam Pingkan , Sukoharsono Eko Ganis , Baridwan Zaki , Prihatiningtias Yeney Widya
Published: June 2023

This study explores the measurement of the effectiveness of internal audits from the perception of internal auditors to prevent fraud. It examines the antecedents that affect the effectiveness of internal audits to prevent fraud. This study uses a mixed-method exploratory sequential design approach called instrument development design. This research's unit of analysis is the local government's internal auditor, namely the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP), representing the Province of North Sulawesi, and the Inspectorate of the entire Province of North Sulawesi. The data collected were 165 questionnaires, and the analysis technique used PLS. The results of this study, audit effectiveness for fraud prevention is affected by audit quality. Then, the higher the independence of the internal auditor's functions in audit assignment, the better the audit quality, which will increase the effectiveness of internal audit in preventing fraud.
Seismic Fragility Curves for Reinforced Concrete Dual System Buildings
Authors: Ismael Sarwar S. , Ahmed Faris R.
Published: June 2023

A seismic fragility curve is a visual representation that illustrates the likelihood of a structure surpassing a particular damage or performance limit state caused by an earthquake with a specific intensity or ground motion level. This curve is typically generated using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and structural reliability analysis methods. It is based on statistical models that rely on past earthquake data and simulations of future earthquake scenarios to predict the structure or system’s behavior under seismic forces. In this study, the seismic performance of 30 stories of 95 m height dual system reinforced concrete buildings located in Erbil is evaluated by analyzing three distinct ground motions. A non-linear platform is used to simulate and analyze data, followed by the generation of seismic inter-story drift fragility curves using Incremental Dynamic Analysis. The buildings’ seismic structural performance is assessed based on five different performance levels, including operational phase, immediate occupancy, damage control, life safety, and collapse prevention (CP). Each level is associated with different levels of damage and corresponding degrees of functionality and safety. The fragility curves show that the building has a 50% chance of achieving or exceeding the (CP) level with highly intense ground vibrations with peak ground acceleration = 1.6 g. In addition, these curves can be beneficial in creating future local design codes and provide significant support in evaluating the seismic performance of existing buildings.
Optimization of biodiesel production from Nahar oil using Box-Behnken design, ANOVA and grey wolf optimizer
Authors: Nguyen Van Nhanh , Sharma Prabhakar , Kumar Anurag , Pham Minh Tuan , Le Huu Cuong , Truong Thanh Hai , Cao Dao Nam
Published: June 2023

Biodiesel manufacturing from renewable feedstocks has received a lot of attention as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. The Box-Behnken design, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm were used in this work to optimise biodiesel production from Nahar oil. The goal was to determine the best operating parameters for maximising biodiesel yield. The Box-Behnken design is used, with four essential parameters taken into account: molar ratio, reaction duration and temperature, and catalyst weight percentage. The response surface is studied in this design, and the key factors influencing biodiesel yield are discovered. The gathered data is given to ANOVA analysis to determine the statistical significance. ANOVA analysis is performed on the acquired data to determine the statistical significance of the components and their interactions. The GWO algorithm is used to better optimise the biodiesel production process. Based on the data provided, the GWO algorithm obtains an optimised yield of 91.6484% by running the reaction for 200 minutes, using a molar ratio of 7, and a catalyst weight percentage of 1.2. As indicated by the lower boundaries, the reaction temperature ranges from 50 °C. The results show that the Box-Behnken design, ANOVA, and GWO algorithm were successfully integrated for optimising biodiesel production from Nahar oil. This method offers useful insights into process optimisation and indicates the possibilities for increasing the efficiency and sustainability of biodiesel production. Further study can broaden the use of these strategies to various biodiesel production processes and feedstocks, advancing sustainable energy technology.
Aspek Hukum Penerapan Perjanjian Baku Terhadap Perjanjian Sewa Beli Dalam Sistem Hukum Perdata
Authors: Suradi Suradi
Published: June 2023

Abstract This study aims to determine the application of the standard agreement in the lease purchase agreement and its legal consequences. In particular, explain the application of the standard agreement in the lease purchase agreement and understand the legal consequences if there is a default in the lease purchase agreement. The research method used in writing this law is a normative juridical approach. The normative juridical approach is research that uses secondary data sources / data obtained through library materials. The results showed that The basis for applying the lease purchase agreement is Article 1 letter a of the Decree of the Minister of Trade and Cooperatives Number 34/KP/II/80 concerning Hire Purchase Licensing for Sale and Purchase in Installments, and Rent. sale and purchase of goods where the seller carries out the sale of goods by taking into account every payment made by the buyer with payment of a price that has been mutually agreed upon and bound in an agreement, a title to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer after the price is paid in full. by the buyer to the seller. Keywords: Standard Agreement, Lease Purchase, Civil Law Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan perjanjian baku dalam perjanjian sewa beli dan akibat hukumnya. Secara khusus menjelasakan penerapan perjanjian baku dalam perjanjian sewa beli dan memahami bagaimana akibat hukum jika terjadi wanprestasi dalam perjanjian sewa beli. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yuridis normatif adalah penelitian yang menggunakan sumber data sekunder / data yang diperoleh melalui bahan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Dasar penerapan perjanjian sewa beli yaitu, Pasal 1 huruf a Keputusan Menteri Perdagangan dan Koperasi Nomor 34/KP/II/80 Tentang Perijinan Sewa beli (Hire Purchase) Jual Beli Dengan Angsuran, Dan Sewa (Renting) Pengertian Sewa beli adalah Sewa beli adalah “jual beli barang dimana penjual melaksanakan penjualan barang dengan cara memperhitungkan setiap pembayaran yang di lakukan oleh pembeli dengan pelunasan atas harga yang telah di sepakati bersama dan di ikat dalam suatu perjanjian, suatu hak milik atas barang tersebut beralih dari penjual kepada pembeli setelah harganya di bayar lunas oleh pembeli kepada penjual. Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Baku, Sewa Beli, Hukum Perdata
Kebijakan Vaksinasi Terhadap Warga Negara Indonesia Di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Kurniawan Rudi Erwin , Ardiansah Ardiansah , Fahmi Sudi
Published: June 2023

This article aims to examine the vaccination policy for Indonesian citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a normative juridical research method. Based on the research results, it is known that the COVID-19 pandemic has made the government set an emergency status in Indonesia, through Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2020. One of the efforts to overcome the pandemic is vaccination efforts. However, in the community there are pros and cons related to the vaccination. Some communities refuse to be vaccinated. Therefore. Vaccination in the context of handling COVID-19 is a right as well as an obligation of citizens, meaning that there is a person's right to choose health services for him. However, it can be seen in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, someone who is not vaccinated can actually potentially become a virus carrier for others, so that right can be reduced in order to achieve the state's goal of protecting the entire Indonesian nation and all of Indonesia's bloodshed and also includes protecting a person's own human rights in order to obtain the right to live a healthy life. Keywords: Vaccination; COVID-19; Citizen AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kebijakan vaksinasi terhadap warga negara Indonesia di masa pandemic COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Pandemi COVID-19 membuat pemerintah menetapkan status kedaruratan di Indonesia, melalui keputusan Presiden Nomor 11 Tahun 2020. Salah satu upaya dalam rangka mengatasi pandemi adalah upaya vaksinasi. Namun, di masyarakat timbul pro kontra terkait vaksinasi tersebut. Beberapa kalangan masyarakat menolak untuk divaksin. Oleh sebab itu. Vaksinasi dalam rangka penanganan COVID-19 adalah suatu hak sekaligus kewajiban dari warga negara artinya terdapat hak seseorang untuk memilih pelayanan kesehatan baginya. Namun, bisa dilihat pada konteks Pandemi COVID-19, seseorang yang tidak divaksin justru dapat berpotensi menjadi virus carrier bagi orang lain, maka hak tersebut dapat dikurangi dalam rangka untuk mencapai tujuan negara yakni melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia dan juga termasuk melindungi hak asasi seseorang itu sendiri dalam rangka memperoleh hak untuk hidup secara sehat. Kata Kunci : Vaksinasi; COVID-19; Warga negara
Tanggung Jawab Dokter Gigi Atas Kelalaian Terhadap Pasien
Authors: Budiastuti Dian Kristanti , Ardiansah Ardiansah , Triana Yeni
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the legal responsibilities of dental medical personnel to patients based on positive law laws in Indonesia and to analyze the legal consequences of the legal responsibilities of dental medical personnel to patients based on positive law laws in Indonesia. This research method is normative legal research. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative analysis. Where to use library data sources. The conclusion shows that there are still medical dentists in the provision of health services that are not in accordance with standard operating procedures, minimum service standards and do not respect the rights of patients contained in the informed consent. So that dentists who make a mistake, negligence and even medical malpractice can be punished by criminal law, civil law or administrative law. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab hukum tenaga medis dokter gigi terhadap pasien berdasarkan undang-undang hukum positif di Indonesia serta menganalisis akibat hukum terhadap tanggung jawab hukum tenaga medis dokter gigi terhadap pasien berdasarkan undang-undang hukum positif di Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini yaitu penelitian hukum normatif. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Dimana menggunakan sumber data kepustakaan. Simpulan menunjukan masih ada tenaga medis dokter gigi dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan tidak sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur, standar pelayanan minimal serta tidak menghargai hak-hak pasien yang terdapat dalam informed consent. Sehingga dokter gigi yang melakukan suatu kesalahan, kelalaian bahkan malpraktek medis dapat dihukum secara hukum pidana, hukum perdata atau hukum administrasi.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Pelanggaran Adat di Wilayah Kunto Darussalam Rokan Hulu
Authors: R Mukhlis , HB Gusliana , A.Yophi Syaifullah
Published: June 2023

AbstractGood law is law that is in accordance with the law that lives in society, which of course is also appropriate or is a reflection of the values that apply in society. The dimension of local wisdom of customary law which is based on cosmic, magical and religious thoughts is correlated with the sociological aspect of the perspective and culture of the Indonesian people. One of the indigenous peoples in Riau is the Kunto Darussalam traditional community in Rokan Hulum Regency. Settlement of ulayat land disputes is still used in marital dispute resolution, in consideration of adat law of tribal mamak, juvenile settlement, and settlement of ulayat land disputes. Keywords: Settlement, Customary Dispute, Kunto Darussalam. AbstrakHukum yang baik adalah hukum yang sesuai dengan hukum yang hidup (the living law) dalam masyarakat, yang tentu sesuai pula atau merupakan pencerminan dari nilai-nilai yang berlaku dalam masyarakat. Dimensi kearifan lokal hukum adat yang berlandaskan alam pikiran kosmis, magis dan religius ini berkorelasi dengan aspek sosiologis dari cara pandang dan budaya masyarakat Indonesia.Salah satu masyarakat adat di Riau yang masis eksis adalah masyarkat adat kunto Darussalam di Kabupaten rokan Hulum. Hukum adat yang masih digunakan dalam penyelesaian sengketa dalam perkawinan, dalam pengangkatan datuk/ninik mamak suku, penyelesian kenakalan remaja, dan penyelesian sengketa tanah ulayat. Kata Kunci: Penyelesaian, Sengketa Adat, Kunto Darussalam.
Analisa Polemik Dan Apologi Pemekaran Provinsi Baru Dalam Penyelenggaraan Dan Penerapan Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Nugraha Dwi Putra , Muhammad Daafa’a Alhaqqy
Published: June 2023

Otonomi Daerah, as stated in UU No. 32/2004, is the right, authority, and obligation of autonomous regions to regulate and manage their own government affairs and the interests of local communities in accordance with statutory regulations. With regional autonomy, it is hoped that decentralisation that supports equity in terms of development and welfare can be realized. The ideal conditions that are expected with the implementation of regional autonomy are very far from the current reality One in particular is Banten Province, which departed from West Java Province since 2000 and whose poverty level has actually increased. This research was done to show that the ideal conditions that are expected with the implementation of regional autonomy are very far from the current reality. Report cards for new autonomous regions, including Banten Province, are still dominated by red numbers. Keyword: Regional autonomy, decentralization, participation and local elit Abstrak  Otonomi daerah sebagaimana tertuang dalam UU No. 32/2004 adalah hak, wewenang, dan kewajiban daerah otonom untuk mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahan dan kepentingan masyarakat setempat sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Dengan otonomi daerah, diharapkan desentralisasi yang mendukung pemerataan pembangunan dan kesejahteraan dapat terwujud. Kondisi ideal yang diharapkan dengan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah sangat jauh dari kenyataan saat ini Salah satunya adalah Provinsi Banten yang berangkat dari Provinsi Jawa Barat sejak tahun 2000 yang tingkat kemiskinannya justru meningkat. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menunjukkan kondisi ideal yang diharapkan dengan dilaksanakannya otonomi daerah nyatanya sangat jauh dari kenyataan saat ini. Raport untuk daerah otonom baru, khususnya Provinsi Banten, masih didominasi angka merah.
Partisipasi Politik Dan perilaku Pemilih Pemula Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa (Pada Desa Jemundo Kecamatan Taman Kabupaten Sidoarjo)
Authors: Damayanti Alissa Septania , Fauzi Agus Machfud
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine the political participation and political behaviour of novice voters in determining their political choices in the Village Head Election and to determine the supporting factors in their political choices. Data analysis was carried out descriptively using Max Weber's theory of social action. The method used in this article is qualitative research supported by relevant literature studies. It is hoped that novice voters will be more active in participating in political activities by dividing their time between studying and participating in political activities. The results of this study show that the behaviour of novice voters in Jemundo Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency in the Simultaneous Pilkades in 2022 tends to be hesitant when viewed based on political behaviour and attitudes. Novice voters in Jemundo Village are opportunists in political behavior, using inconsistent and pragmatic forms of voter behavior.. Keyword: Novice voters, village head elections. Actions of Rationality. AbstrakTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui partisipasi politik dan perilaku politik pemilih pemula dalammenentukan pilihan politiknya pada Pemilihan Kepala Desa serta untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dalam pilihan politik pemilih pemula. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan teori tindakan sosial Max Weber. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan didukung oleh studi kepustakaan yang relevan. Diharapkan pemilih pemula lebih aktif berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan politik dengan cara membagi wakti belajar dan mengikuti kegiatan politik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perilaku pemilih pemula pada Desa jemundo Kecamatan Taman Kabupaten Sidoarjo pada Pilkades Serentak tahun 2022 cenderung ragu-ragu & bila dipandang berdasarkan perilaku dan sikap politik. Pemilih pemula pada Desa jemundo adalah perilaku politik Opportunis menggunakan bentuk perilaku pemilih yg nir konsisten & pragmatis.
Analisis Hambatan dan Solusi Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen dalam Jual Beli Tas Branded Via Tiktok Shop
Authors: Putriani Adinda , Saptono Hendro , Njatrijani Rinitami
Published: June 2023

Online buying and selling is carried out by consumers to facilitate the acquisition of goods, but there are obstacles in providing legal protection to consumers. This research analyzes legal protection barriers and solutions for branded bag consumers via TikTok Shop. The research uses empirical juridical approach methods and the analysis uses qualitative descriptive. The type of data is primary data, namely observation and interviews. The results showed that barriers to legal protection for branded bag consumers on TikTok Shop include; dishonesty of business actors regarding the products they sell; discrepancy between the products ordered and those received by consumers;  consumer incomprehension regarding the details of the products purchased, causing misunderstandings between consumers and business actors; and the return complaint process is not easy and takes a long time. The solution are that business actors are required to provide detailed information about the conditions and guarantees of goods and / or services; provide an explanation of the use, repair, and maintenance of the goods; business actors are responsible for providing compensation for damage, pollution, and/or loss of their consumers if there is a complaint; consumers must read and understand the details of the product to be purchased; and consumers follow the terms and conditions regarding the steps to return goods, such as; attach photo proof, receipt number, and unboxing video.
Jaminan Perlindungan Hukum Hak-Hak Guru Dengan Status Honorer Di Sekolah Negeri Kota Semarang
Authors: Safitri Rizkya Indah Permata , Sonhaji Sonhaji , Suhartoyo Suhartoyo
Published: June 2023

Teachers are professional teachers who are a determining factor for the quality of nation. However, there are still problems regarding teachers, such as cases of teachers being reported to the authorities when carrying out their job, cases related to the lack of wages received, or cases of schools lacking the number of teachers. The existence of cases of teachers facing the law proves that legal arrangements and protection are needed, especially for honorary teachers who until now have not received clarity regarding their employment status. The purpose of this study is to determine the arrangement of honorary teachers and forms of legal protection guarantees for teachers with honorary status in public schools in the city of Semarang. This study uses empirical juridical research methods so that gaps can be found between existing rules and their implementation in society. The results of this study indicate that the form of guarantee of legal protection for teachers with honorary status is regulated by a work agreement and the implementation of legal protection arrangements for teachers with honorary status in Semarang City has been partially implemented according to the normative provisions set by the central government.