bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power Transmission Lines Foreign Object Intrusion Detection Method for Drone Aerial Images Based on Improved YOLOv8 Network
Authors: Sun Hongbin , Shen Qiuchen , Ke Hongchang , Duan Zhenyu , Tang Xi
Published: July 2024

With the continuous growth of electricity demand, the safety and stability of transmission lines have become increasingly important. To ensure the reliability of power supply, it is essential to promptly detect and address foreign object intrusions on transmission lines, such as tree branches, kites, and balloons. Addressing the issues where foreign objects can cause power outages and severe safety accidents, as well as the inefficiency, time consumption, and labor-intensiveness of traditional manual inspection methods, especially in large-scale power transmission lines, we propose an enhanced YOLOv8-based model for detecting foreign objects. This model incorporates the Swin Transformer, AFPN (Asymptotic Feature Pyramid Network), and a novel loss function, Focal SIoU, to improve both the accuracy and real-time detection of hazards. The integration of the Swin Transformer into the YOLOv8 backbone network significantly improves feature extraction capabilities. The AFPN enhances the multi-scale feature fusion process, effectively integrating information from different levels and improving detection accuracy, especially for small and occluded objects. The introduction of the Focal SIoU loss function optimizes the model’s training process, enhancing its ability to handle hard-to-classify samples and uncertain predictions. This method achieves efficient automatic detection of foreign objects by comprehensively utilizing multi-level feature information and optimized label matching strategies. The dataset used in this study consists of images of foreign objects on power transmission lines provided by a power supply company in Jilin, China. These images were captured by drones, offering a comprehensive view of the transmission lines and enabling the collection of detailed data on various foreign objects. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 network has high accuracy and recall rates in detecting foreign objects such as balloons, kites, and bird nests, while also possessing good real-time processing capabilities.
Machine Learning Techniques for Blind Beam Alignment in mmWave Massive MIMO
Authors: Ktari Aymen , Ghauch Hadi , Rekaya-Ben Othman Ghaya
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes methods for Machine Learning (ML)-based Beam Alignment (BA), using low-complexity ML models, and achieves a small pilot overhead. We assume a single-user massive mmWave MIMO, Uplink, using a fully analog architecture. Assuming large-dimension codebooks of possible beam patterns at UE and BS, this data-driven and model-based approach aims to partially and blindly sound a small subset of beams from these codebooks. The proposed BA is blind (no CSI), based on Received Signal Energies (RSEs), and circumvents the need for exhaustively sounding all possible beams. A sub-sampled subset of beams is then used to train several ML models such as low-rank Matrix Factorization (MF), non-negative MF (NMF), and shallow Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). We provide an extensive mathematical description of these models and the algorithms for each of them. Our extensive numerical results show that, by sounding only 10% of the beams from the UE and BS codebooks, the proposed ML tools are able to accurately predict the non-sounded beams through multiple transmitted power regimes. This observation holds as the codebook sizes at UE and BS vary from 128×128 to 1024×1024.
Robust Support Vector Data Description with Truncated Loss Function for Outliers Depression
Authors: Chen Huakun , Lyu Yongxi , Shi Jingping , Zhang Weiguo
Published: July 2024

Support vector data description (SVDD) is widely regarded as an effective technique for addressing anomaly detection problems. However, its performance can significantly deteriorate when the training data are affected by outliers or mislabeled observations. This study introduces a universal truncated loss function framework into the SVDD model to enhance its robustness and employs the fast alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to solve various truncated loss functions. Moreover, the convergence of the fast ADMM algorithm is analyzed theoretically. Within this framework, we developed the truncated generalized ramp, truncated binary cross entropy, and truncated linear exponential loss functions for SVDD. We conducted extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets to validate the effectiveness of these three SVDD models in handling data with different noise levels, demonstrating their superior robustness and generalization capabilities compared to other SVDD models.
Well-Being and Dispositional Hope in a Sample of Portuguese Citizens: The Mediating Role of Mental Health
Authors: Velez Maria João , Marujo Helena A. , Charepe Zaida , Querido Ana , Laranjeira Carlos
Published: July 2024

In our pursuit of a fulfilling and contented life, the study of well-being has emerged as a fundamental field of research. Higher levels of well-being are associated with better mental health outcomes. Individuals with better mental health might possess the personal resources necessary to set and pursue meaningful goals, maintain positive expectations, and overcome adversities. We aim to explore the positive relationship between well-being (hedonic, psychological, and social) and dispositional hope. We suggest that mental health acts as a mediator in this relationship, since improved mental health can create a conducive environment for the development and maintenance of dispositional hope. Data were collected using an e-survey through social media during the last quarter of 2022. The hypothesis of this study was tested using mediation analysis. The sample was composed of 471 participants (85.4% female) with a mean age of 47.72 ± 11.86 years. Participants were mainly workers (88.6%), followed by pensioners (6.8%), university students (2.5%), and unemployed (2.1%). Results revealed that well-being was positively and significantly associated with dispositional hope. Additionally, well-being presented a significant and positive relationship with mental health, which, in turn, also presented a significant and positive relationship with dispositional hope. Finally, using the Hayes process macro for SPSS, we found that mental health mediates the relationship between well-being and dispositional hope. Our findings reinforce the conceptual frameworks that consider well-being and mental health as key contributors to a resilient and optimistic mindset. Interventions that aim to cultivate positive affect, facilitate personal growth, and foster supportive social environments might help improve mental health outcomes.
Has the EU Emissions Trading System Worked Properly?
Authors: Chang Chia-Lin , Ilomäki Jukka , Laurila Hannu
Published: July 2024

Climate change poses an unprecedented global challenge, which prompts nations to adopt new strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The European Union emissions trading system (EU ETS) is a cornerstone of the EU’s efforts towards a cost-effective fight against climate change. This study examines the effectiveness of the EU ETS by analyzing monthly data from December 2008 to December 2021, with the focus on CO2 emission allowance futures prices, renewable energy indices, coal prices, oil prices, and fossil energy indices. The key findings are as follows: The CO2 emission allowance futures prices have averaged EUR 14.83 per ton, ranging from EUR 2.87 to EUR 76.81, which shows a significant upward trend. The renewable energy index also demonstrated strong growth, with a mean 1562.07 and maximum 4571.96. Coal prices have averaged EUR 65.32 per ton, while Brent oil prices averaged EUR 59.85 per barrel. A cointegration analysis revealed a long-run equilibrium relationship between these variables. The Vector Error Correction model (VECM) revealed significant negative responses to long-run equilibrium deviations of the renewable energy index (−0.0155) and oil prices (−0.0236), a significant negative short-run response of CO2 prices to their own lagged values (−0.223), and a significant positive short-run effect of oil prices on the fossil energy index (0.254). These results suggest the EU ETS has created significant linkages between carbon, energy, and financial markets. The study concludes that while the EU ETS has made progress in motivating emissions reductions and promoting renewable energy, the system’s efficacy still needs improvement.
Ownership, Patterns of Use and Electricity Consumption of Domestic Appliances in Urban Households of the West African Monetary and Economic Union: A Case Study of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso
Authors: Tete Komlan Hector Seth , Soro Yrébégnan Moussa , Nadjingar Djerambete Aristide , Jones Rory Victor
Published: July 2024

In the West African Monetary and Economic Union (UEMOA), information on the characteristics of the users and patterns of electricity end-uses remains hard to find. This study aims to contribute to reducing the gap in research on domestic electricity consumption in the region by unveiling the ownership rates, patterns of use and electricity consumption of domestic appliances in urban households through a city-wide survey. Three categories of urban users were investigated including high, medium and low consumers. Findings demonstrated various ownership rates for appliances, ranging from 100% for lighting fixtures to 0% for washing machines depending on user category. Domestic electricity demonstrated patterns consisting of three peak demand periods, with the main ones occurring in the evening (19:00 to 20:00) and the night (22:00). Other demand characteristics include an average daily electricity use ranging from 0.50 to 6.42 kWh per household, a maximum power demand of between 0.19 and 0.70 kW and a daily load factor between 35 and 58%. Finally, the appliances contributing the most to domestic electricity use include air-conditioners, fans, fridges and freezers, televisions and lighting fixtures, with contributions differing from one category of user to another. Policy implications including review of the appliances’ importations framework and policies, and incentives for purchasing efficient appliances, design of more tailored policies, considering the different backgrounds of the users, education enhancement on energy behaviours for increasing energy efficiency/conservation, and implementation of DSM programs including load levelling, load shifting and load reducing depending on the type of appliance for energy conservation in the domestic buildings were derived. Overall, a large range of stakeholders of the electricity sector, not only in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), but also in other regions and countries sharing common characteristics should be interested in the results of this study.
Survey of Optimization Techniques for Microgrids Using High-Efficiency Converters
Authors: Peña Diego , Arevalo Paul , Ortiz Yadyra , Jurado Franciso
Published: July 2024

Microgrids play a crucial role in modern energy systems by integrating diverse energy sources and enhancing grid resilience. This study addresses the optimization of microgrids through the deployment of high-efficiency converters, aiming to improve energy management and operational efficiency. This study explores the pivotal role of AC-DC and DC-DC bidirectional converters in facilitating energy conversion and management across various sources and storage systems within microgrids. Advanced control methodologies, including model-based predictive control and artificial intelligence, are analyzed for their ability to dynamically adapt to fluctuations in power generation and demand, thereby enhancing microgrid performance. The findings highlight that implementing high-efficiency converters not only enhances power stability and quality but also reduces operational costs and carbon emissions, thereby reinforcing microgrids as a sustainable and effective solution for contemporary energy management challenges. This research contributes to advancing the understanding and implementation of efficient energy systems in microgrids, promoting their widespread adoption in diverse applications.
A Review on Recent Advances in the Energy Efficiency of Machining Processes for Sustainability
Authors: Pawanr Shailendra , Gupta Kapil
Published: July 2024

The pursuit of energy efficiency in machining processes is a critical aspect of sustainable manufacturing. A significant portion of global energy consumption is by the industrial sector; thus, improving the energy efficiency of machining processes can lead to substantial environmental and economic benefits. The present study reviews the recent advancement made for improving the energy efficiency of machining processes. First the energy consumption of the machining processes was explored and then the key areas and developments in their energy consumption modeling were identified. Following this, the review explores various strategies for achieving energy savings in machining. These strategies include energy-efficient machine tools, the accurate modeling of the energy consumption of machining processes, the implementation of optimization techniques and the application of artificial intelligence (AI). Additionally, the review highlights the potential of AI in further reducing energy consumption within machining operations and achieving energy efficiency. A review of these energy-saving strategies in machining processes reveals impressive potential for significant reductions in energy consumption: energy-efficient design can achieve up to a 45% reduction, optimizing cutting parameters may minimize consumption by around 40%, optimizing tool paths can reduce consumption by approximately 50%, optimizing non-cutting energy consumption and sequencing can lead to savings of about 30% and employing AI shows promising energy efficiency improvements of around 20%. Overall, the present review offers valuable insights into recent advancements in making machining processes more energy-efficient. It identifies key areas where significant energy savings can be achieved.
Decarbonization of Heating and Cooling Systems of Buildings Located Nearby Surface Water Sources: Case Study
Authors: Tokar Adriana , Muntean Daniel , Tokar Danut , Bisorca Daniel
Published: July 2024

The study was carried out to evaluate theoretically and in laboratory conditions the capacity of a hybrid heating and cooling system that sustainably uses thermal energy extracted from surface waters in order to decarbonize buildings located near water sources. The novelty of the research consists in the realization of two experimental systems, one for the rapid evaluation of the performance of the water–water heat pump heating system and one for the evaluation of the operating behavior of a cooling system with fan coil units. Starting with the heating and cooling demand, and the climatic and hydrological local characteristics, a hybrid system model for the heating and cooling of the analyzed building was established and implemented. The forecasted energy consumption and CO2 emissions for the operation of the new equipment were compared with the historical values of the old systems with which the building was equipped (thermal energy supply from the district heating and cooling system with an air conditioning unit). Also, the results were extrapolated for forecasting the energy potential of the surface waters. The study highlights a percentage reduction in annual energy consumption of 67.71% and CO2 emissions of 80.13% through the implementation of the hybrid system.
Beverage Consumption Patterns and Their Association with Metabolic Health in Adults from Families at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Europe—The Feel4Diabetes Study
Authors: Kantaras Paris , Mourouti Niki , Mouratidou Theodora , Chatzaki Ekaterini , Karaglani Makrina , Iotova Violeta , Usheva Natalya , Rurik Imre , Torzsa Péter , Moreno Luis A. , Liatis Stavros , Makrilakis Konstantinos , Manios Yannis
Published: July 2024

In total, 3274 adults (65.2% females) from six European countries were included in this cross-sectional analysis using data from the baseline assessment of the Feel4Diabetes study. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, dietary and behavioral data were assessed, and the existence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was recorded. Beverage consumption patterns (BCPs) were derived via principal component analysis. Three BCPs were derived explaining 39.5% of the total variation. BCP1 was labeled as “Alcoholic beverage pattern”, which loaded heavily on high consumption of beer/cider, wine and other spirits; BCP2 was labeled as “High in sugars beverage pattern” that was mainly characterized by high consumption of soft drinks with sugar, juice containing sugar and low consumption of water; and BCP3 was labeled as “Healthy beverage pattern” that was mainly characterized by high consumption of water, tea, fruit juice freshly squeezed or prepacked without sugar and low consumption of soft drinks without sugar. After adjusting for various confounders, BCP2 was positively associated with elevated triglycerides (p = 0.001), elevated blood pressure (p = 0.001) elevated fasting glucose (p = 0.008) and the existence of MetS (p = 0.006), while BCP1 was inversely associated with reduced HDL-C (p = 0.005) and BCP3 was inversely associated with elevated blood pressure (p = 0.047). The establishment of policy actions as well as public health nutritional education can contribute to the promotion of a healthy beverage consumption.
Differences in Exercise-Linked Biomarkers between Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Middle-Aged Females
Authors: Giannopoulos Anthony J. , Mohammad Ahmad , Retsidou Maria I. , Tucker Jessica A. L. , Bornath Derek P. D. , McCarthy Seth F. , MacPherson Rebecca E. K. , Hazell Tom J. , Klentrou Panagiota
Published: July 2024

While the exercise-induced responses of circulated biomarkers related to inflammation and brain health are well documented in humans, little is known about the effect of menopausal status on these responses. This study compared the responses of inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to high-intensity exercise between pre- and postmenopausal middle-aged females. Eight premenopausal (44 ± 3 years) and seven postmenopausal (57 ± 2 years) females performed a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session consisting of 10 × 1 min running intervals (90% maximum heart rate) separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals. Blood samples were collected at baseline (fasted), pre-exercise (postprandial), and at 0, 30, and 90 min post-HIIT and analyzed for interleukin (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and BDNF. IL-6 significantly increased from pre-exercise to 0 min post-HIIT in postmenopausal (+40%, p = 0.01) and to 30 min post-HIIT in premenopausal females (+60%, p = 0.02). IL-6 remained elevated at 90 min post-HIIT in premenopausal (+104%, p = 0.05) and to a higher degree in postmenopausal females (+385%, p < 0.001). IL-10 showed no response. TNF-α increased from pre- to 0 min post-HIIT (+10%, p = 0.05), then decreased to below pre-exercise at 30 min (−10%, p = 0.02) and 90 min (−5%, p = 0.04) in both groups. BDNF increased immediately post-HIIT in premenopausal (+60%, p < 0.001) but not postmenopausal females. The differences in IL-6 and BDNF responses to HIIT between pre- and postmenopausal females provide evidence of the role of female reproductive hormones in the regulation of these exercise-induced responses.
The Global Burden of Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: La Via Luigi , Sangiorgio Giuseppe , Stefani Stefania , Marino Andrea , Nunnari Giuseppe , Cocuzza Salvatore , La Mantia Ignazio , Cacopardo Bruno , Stracquadanio Stefano , Spampinato Serena , Lavalle Salvatore , Maniaci Antonino
Published: July 2024

A dysregulated host response to infection causes organ dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock, two potentially fatal diseases. They continue to be major worldwide health burdens with high rates of morbidity and mortality despite advancements in medical care. The goal of this thorough review was to present a thorough summary of the current body of knowledge about the prevalence of sepsis and septic shock worldwide. Using widely used computerized databases, a comprehensive search of the literature was carried out, and relevant studies were chosen in accordance with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A narrative technique was used to synthesize the data that were retrieved. The review’s conclusions show how widely different locations and nations differ in terms of sepsis and septic shock’s incidence, prevalence, and fatality rates. Compared to high-income countries (HICs), low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately burdened more heavily. We talk about risk factors, comorbidities, and difficulties in clinical management and diagnosis in a range of healthcare settings. The review highlights the need for more research, enhanced awareness, and context-specific interventions in order to successfully address the global burden of sepsis and septic shock.
Effective Reduction in Natural Enemy Catches in Pheromone Traps Intended for Monitoring Orthotomicus erosus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Pernek Milan , Milas Tomislav , Kovač Marta , Lacković Nikola , Koren Milan , Hrašovec Boris
Published: July 2024

Infestations have persisted following a sudden and intense outbreak of the bark beetle Orthotomicus erosus along the Croatian coast, necessitating a continuous battle against this pest. A recommended protective action is the utilization of pheromone traps for population surveillance. Previous monitoring efforts have recorded an exceptionally high capture rate of natural enemies using pheromone traps; these traps inadvertently prevented natural enemies from fulfilling their essential role in controlling bark beetle populations. To address and significantly diminish instances of this unintended capture, our study designed a modification to the Theysohn-type pheromone trap by integrating a metal mesh within the trapping container. An experimental setup was established in Marjan Forest Park, situated on a peninsula bordered by the sea on three sides and partly by the city of Split. For monitoring purposes, unmodified standard pheromone traps were deployed at the onset of a significant O. erosus outbreak in Croatia in 2018. Catch data from 2020 to 2022 show a marked decrease in the bark beetle population, indicating a shift toward a latent phase. In 2022, modified traps were integrated into the existing monitoring setup, consisting of 10 pairs, to evaluate whether modifications to the traps could significantly reduce the capture of the bark beetle’s natural enemies, specifically Temnoscheila caerulea, Thanasimus formicarius, and Aulonium ruficorne. The objective is to offer recommendations for forestry practices on employing pheromone traps with minimal disturbance to the ecological equilibrium. Our findings indicate that the modifications to the traps markedly decreased the capture of natural predators, particularly T. caerulea, which was the predominant predatory insect found in the traps. Simultaneously, captures of the target species, all bark beetles in the trap, were marginally reduced. This decrease in the capture rates of the target bark beetle species, O. erosus, is not considered problematic when pheromone traps are utilized primarily for monitoring purposes. The modifications to the traps significantly reduced the capture of common bark beetle predators, thereby facilitating a more balanced strategy in forest protection efforts.
Simulated Microgravity Alters Gene Regulation Linked to Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Tahimic Candice G. T. , Steczina Sonette , Sebastian Aimy , Hum Nicholas R. , Abegaz Metadel , Terada Masahiro , Cimini Maria , Goukassian David A. , Schreurs Ann-Sofie , Hoban-Higgins Tana M. , Fuller Charles A. , Loots Gabriela G. , Globus Ruth K. , Shirazi-Fard Yasaman
Published: July 2024

Microgravity exposure induces a cephalad fluid shift and an overall reduction in physical activity levels which can lead to cardiovascular deconditioning in the absence of countermeasures. Future spaceflight missions will expose crew to extended periods of microgravity among other stressors, the effects of which on cardiovascular health are not fully known. In this study, we determined cardiac responses to extended microgravity exposure using the rat hindlimb unloading (HU) model. We hypothesized that exposure to prolonged simulated microgravity and subsequent recovery would lead to increased oxidative damage and altered expression of genes involved in the oxidative response. To test this hypothesis, we examined hearts of male (three and nine months of age) and female (3 months of age) Long–Evans rats that underwent HU for various durations up to 90 days and reambulated up to 90 days post-HU. Results indicate sex-dependent changes in oxidative damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and antioxidant gene expression in left ventricular tissue. Three-month-old females displayed elevated 8-OHdG levels after 14 days of HU while age-matched males did not. In nine-month-old males, there were no differences in 8-OHdG levels between HU and normally loaded control males at any of the timepoints tested following HU. RNAseq analysis of left ventricular tissue from nine-month-old males after 14 days of HU revealed upregulation of pathways involved in pro-inflammatory signaling, immune cell activation and differential expression of genes associated with cardiovascular disease progression. Taken together, these findings provide a rationale for targeting antioxidant and immune pathways and that sex differences should be taken into account in the development of countermeasures to maintain cardiovascular health in space.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review Coupled with an Interacting Network Analysis Identified Candidate Genes and Biological Pathways Related to Bovine Temperament
Authors: Ruiz-De-La-Cruz Gilberto , Welsh Thomas H. , Randel Ronald D. , Sifuentes-Rincón Ana María
Published: July 2024

Comprehension of the genetic basis of temperament has been improved by recent advances in the identification of genes and genetic variants. However, due to the complexity of the temperament traits, the elucidation of the genetic architecture of temperament is incomplete. A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to analyze candidate genes related to bovine temperament, using bovine as the population, SNPs and genes as the exposure, and temperament test as the outcome, as principal search terms for population, exposure, and outcome (PEO) categories to define the scope of the search. The search results allowed the selection of 36 articles after removing duplicates and filtering by relevance. One hundred-two candidate genes associated with temperament traits were identified. The genes were further analyzed to construct an interaction network using the STRING database, resulting in 113 nodes and 346 interactions and the identification of 31 new candidate genes for temperament. Notably, the main genes identified were SST and members of the Kelch family. The candidate genes displayed interactions with pathways associated with different functions such as AMPA receptors, hormones, neuronal maintenance, protein signaling, neuronal regulation, serotonin synthesis, splicing, and ubiquitination activities. These new findings demonstrate the complexity of interconnected biological processes that regulate behavior and stress response in mammals. This insight now enables our targeted analysis of these newly identified temperament candidate genes in bovines.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Maize Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases and Their Expression Profiles in Different Tissues and in Response to Multiple Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Yan Zhenwei , Hou Jing , Leng Bingying , Yao Guoqi , Ma Changle , Sun Yue , Liu Qiantong , Zhang Fajun , Mu Chunhua , Liu Xia
Published: July 2024

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) are essential enzymes that activate free fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA thioesters, playing key roles in fatty acid (FA) catabolism, lipid synthesis and storage, epidermal wax synthesis, and stress tolerance. Despite their importance, comprehensive information about LACS genes in maize, a primary food crop, remains scarce. In the present work, eleven maize LACS genes were identified and mapped across five chromosomes. Three pairs of segmentally duplicated genes were detected in the maize LACS gene family, which underwent significant purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1). Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis indicated that ZmLACS genes were divided into four subclasses, as supported by highly conserved motifs and gene structures. On the basis of the PlantCARE database, analysis of the ZmLACS promoter regions revealed various cis-regulatory elements related to tissue-specific expression, hormonal regulation, and abiotic stress response. RT-qPCR analysis showed that ZmLACS genes exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns and respond to diverse abiotic stresses including drought and salt, as well as phytohormone abscisic acid. Furthermore, using the STRING database, several proteins involved in fatty acid and complex lipid synthesis were identified to be the potential interaction partners of ZmLACS proteins, which was also confirmed by the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, enhancing our understanding of wax biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms in response to abiotic stresses in maize. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of ZmLACS genes and offer a theoretical foundation for future research on the biological functions of LACS genes in maize environmental adaptability.
Wolfram Syndrome 1: A Neuropsychiatric Perspective on a Rare Disease
Authors: Caruso Valerio , Raia Accursio , Rigoli Luciana
Published: July 2024

Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS1) is an uncommon autosomal recessive neurological disorder that is characterized by diabetes insipidus, early-onset non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness (DIDMOAD). Other clinical manifestations are neuropsychiatric symptoms, urinary tract alterations, and endocrinological disorders. The rapid clinical course of WS1 results in death by the age of 30. Severe brain atrophy leads to central respiratory failure, which is the main cause of death in WS1 patients. Mutations in the WFS1 gene, located on chromosome 4p16, account for approximately 90% of WS1 cases. The gene produces wolframin, a transmembrane glycoprotein widely distributed and highly expressed in retinal, neural, and muscular tissues. Wolframin plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis, insulin signaling, and ER calcium homeostasis, as well as the ER stress response. WS1 has been designated as a neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorder due to the numerous abnormalities in the ER stress-mediated system. WS1 is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects patients and their families. Early diagnosis and recognition of the initial clinical signs may slow the disease’s progression and improve symptomatology. Moreover, genetic counseling should be provided to the patient’s relatives to extend multidisciplinary care to their first-degree family members. Regrettably, there are currently no specific drugs for the therapy of this fatal disease. A better understanding of the etiology of WS1 will make possible the development of new therapeutic approaches that may enhance the life expectancy of patients. This review will examine the pathogenetic mechanisms, development, and progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms commonly associated with WS1. A thorough understanding of WS1’s neurophysiopathology is critical for achieving the goal of improving patients’ quality of life and life expectancy.
Sustainable Conservation of Architectural Heritage to Reduce Environmental Impact: The Morocco Pavilion on Cartuja Island in Seville
Authors: Castilla Manuel V. , Lopez Francisco
Published: July 2024

The architectural heritage of a particular place, in most cases, is characterised by vernacular and unique constructions that have been adapted to local climate conditions. For this purpose, specific materials and construction methods have traditionally been used that, in addition to the durability of the construction, also allow for the consideration of the energy efficiency of the building itself. The present intersection of climate change and architecture has led to new exposure to the external agents for which constructions were designed, forcing, in most cases, a review of building envelopes and very costly proposals. From the point of view of efficiency, intervention strategies with passive measures are proposed that not only improve the energy performance and maintenance of buildings themselves, but also lower the overall energy consumption. Using a heritage case study of the city of Seville, the Moroccan Pavilion, at Expo 92, this work includes an analysis and proposal of effective action through a methodological study of energy efficiency. The problem of high energy consumption during the summer months in Seville is tested in the Pavilion. The results indicate an urgent need for renovation, and among different options, new intervention measures are recommended as an alternative to consumption based on knowledge and tradition; moreover, passive construction elements are proposed in accordance with the climatic reality of the environment for optimal conservation in new climate scenarios.
Chagas Disease in the Non-Endemic Area of Rome, Italy: Ten Years of Experience and a Brief Overview
Authors: Giancola Maria Letizia , Angheben Andrea , Scorzolini Laura , Carrara Stefania , Petrone Ada , Vulcano Antonella , Lionetti Raffaella , Corpolongo Angela , Marrone Rosalia , Faraglia Francesca , Ascoli Bartoli Tommaso , De Marco Patrizia , Tomassi Maria Virginia , Fontana Carla , Nicastri Emanuele
Published: July 2024

Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic infection endemic in Latin America and also affects patients in Western countries due to migration flows. This has a significant impact on health services worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality burden. This paper aims to share our experience at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, in Rome, Italy, where to date, a total of 47 patients—mainly Bolivian women—diagnosed with CD have received treatment with benznidazole, with all but one presenting with chronic disease. Most of the patients were recruited through the first extensive screening program held in 2014 at our Institute. About a quarter of our patients showed adverse effects to benznidazole, including a case of severe drug-induced liver injury, but 83% completed a full course of treatment. In addition to the description of our cohort, the paper reports a brief overview of the disease compiled through a review of the existing literature on CD in non-endemic countries. The growing prevalence of CD in Western countries highlights the importance of screening at-risk populations and urges public concern and medical awareness about this neglected tropical disease. There are still many unanswered questions that need to be addressed to develop a personalized approach in treating patients.
Why Do Physicians Prescribe Antibiotics? A Systematic Review of the Psycho-Socio-Organisational Factors Related to Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing of Antimicrobials in Europe
Authors: Lansink Chiara , Sinha Bhanu , Meessen Nico , Dekkers Tessa , Beerlage-de Jong Nienke
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Effective antimicrobial use enhances care quality and combats antibiotic resistance. Yet, non-guideline factors influence potentially inappropriate prescribing. This study explores psycho-socio-organisational factors in antimicrobial prescribing as perceived by physicians across primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases from 1 January 2000, to 8 March 2023, with an update search until 30 January 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies in Europe exploring psycho-socio-organisational factors for antibiotic prescribing from physicians’ perspectives in hospital, inpatient, or primary care settings. Exclusion criteria targeted out-of-office prescriptions or low-quality studies. To evaluate the latter, several quality and risk-of-bias checklists were used. Data were extracted on study characteristics, study design, and methods and identified determinants of antibiotic prescribing. Data was analysed using a narrative synthesis method. Results: Among 8370 articles, 58 met inclusion criteria, yielding 35 articles from 23 countries. Three main themes emerged: personal, psychological, and organisational factors, encompassing seven determinants including work experience, knowledge, guideline adherence, uncertainty management, perceived pressure, time constraints, and diagnostic resource availability. Uncertainty management was key, with work experience and knowledge mitigating it. No additional factors emerged in the updated search. Conclusion: Enhanced uncertainty management decreases perceived patient and/or parental pressure to prescribe antibiotics, contributing to reducing potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP). Therefore, it is imperative to educate physicians on effectively managing uncertainty. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing should be tailored to the specific needs and preferences of the different prescribing physicians.
The Integration of Information Technology in the Management and Organization of Nursing Care in a Hospital Environment: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cachata Dulce , Costa Mónica , Magalhães Teresa , Gaspar Filomena
Published: July 2024

The adoption of health technologies is occurring on an unprecedented scale, with enormous potential to improve the health of populations. In this context, information technology (IT) in nursing has emerged with a focus on quality and safety of care for the benefit of the patient. There is insufficient reliable evidence demonstrating how the integration of IT in nursing care influences methodologies for managing and organizing care in terms of structure and care practice, justifying a scoping review that synthesizes the knowledge produced so far. Online databases were used to identify papers published in 2012–2023, from which we selected nine publications that used information technology in the nursing care processes. The participants were hospital nurses and nurse managers. The results show that the integration of IT in healthcare organizations impacts the management and organization of nursing care, and changes in structure, process reorganization, management, training, and the development of nurses’ skills. To minimize this impact, the organizational structure must be prepared for a cultural change, with well-defined and communicated policies and procedures, and strong leadership. Within the teams, the importance of process reorganization, continuous training, and skill development emerges, thus enhancing the integration of IT into practice environments in conjunction with care.
Exploring New Frontiers: Innovations and Therapeutic Targets in Dermatology
Authors: Fernández-Guarino Montserrat , González-García Andrés , Martínez Asunción Ballester
Published: July 2024

The focus of dermatology has increasingly shifted towards exploring new and innovative approaches [...]
Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 in LPS-Activated BV2 Microglial Cells
Authors: Sun Lu , Apweiler Matthias , Tirkey Ashwini , Klett Dominik , Normann Claus , Dietz Gunnar P. H. , Lehner Martin D. , Fiebich Bernd L.
Published: July 2024

Inflammatory processes in the brain can exert important neuroprotective functions. However, in neurological and psychiatric disorders, it is often detrimental due to chronic microglial over-activation and the dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines. Growing evidence indicates the emerging yet prominent pathophysiological role of neuroinflammation in the development and progression of these disorders. Despite recent advances, there is still a pressing need for effective therapies, and targeting neuroinflammation is a promising approach. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of a marketed and quantified proprietary herbal extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves called EGb 761 (10–500 µg/mL) in BV2 microglial cells stimulated by LPS (10 ng/mL). Our results demonstrate significant inhibition of LPS-induced expression and release of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and chemokines C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), CXCL10, c-c motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL3 in BV2 microglial cells. The observed effects are possibly mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, as well as the protein kinase C (PKC) and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling cascades. The findings of this in vitro study highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of EGb 761 and its therapeutic potential, making it an emerging candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases and warranting further research in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
High-Throughput Molecular Modeling and Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Açaí Constituents against NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Rocha Elaine Cristina Medeiros da , Rocha João Augusto Pereira da , da Costa Renato Araújo , Costa Andreia do Socorro Silva da , Barbosa Edielson dos Santos , Josino Luiz Patrick Cordeiro , Brasil Luciane do Socorro Nunes dos Santos , Vendrame Laura Fernanda Osmari , Machado Alencar Kolinski , Fagan Solange Binotto , Brasil Davi do Socorro Barros
Published: July 2024

The search for bioactive compounds in natural products holds promise for discovering new pharmacologically active molecules. This study explores the anti-inflammatory potential of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) constituents against the NLRP3 inflammasome using high-throughput molecular modeling techniques. Utilizing methods such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy calculations (MM/GBSA), and in silico toxicology, we compared açaí compounds with known NLRP3 inhibitors, MCC950 and NP3-146 (RM5). The docking studies revealed significant interactions between açaí constituents and the NLRP3 protein, while molecular dynamics simulations indicated structural stabilization. MM/GBSA calculations demonstrated favorable binding energies for catechin, apigenin, and epicatechin, although slightly lower than those of MCC950 and RM5. Importantly, in silico toxicology predicted lower toxicity for açaí compounds compared to synthetic inhibitors. These findings suggest that açaí-derived compounds are promising candidates for developing new anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome, combining efficacy with a superior safety profile. Future research should include in vitro and in vivo validation to confirm the therapeutic potential and safety of these natural products. This study underscores the value of computational approaches in accelerating natural product-based drug discovery and highlights the pharmacological promise of Amazonian biodiversity.
Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Spontaneous Immortalization: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Loaiza-Moss Jocshan , Braun Ursula , Leitges Michael
Published: July 2024

Cell immortalization, a hallmark of cancer development, is a process that cells can undergo on their path to carcinogenesis. Spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been used for decades; however, changes in the global transcriptome during this process have been poorly described. In our research, we characterized the poly-A RNA transcriptome changes after spontaneous immortalization. To this end, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using DESeq2 and characterized by gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to identify the potential hub genes. In our study, we identified changes in the expression of genes involved in proliferation regulation, cell adhesion, immune response and transcriptional regulation in immortalized MEFs. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis with previously reported MEF immortalization data, where we propose a predicted gene regulatory network model in immortalized MEFs based on the altered expression of Mapk11, Cdh1, Chl1, Zic1, Hoxd10 and the novel hub genes Il6 and Itgb2.
Biochemical Characterisation of Sis: A Distinct Thermophilic PETase with Enhanced NanoPET Substrate Hydrolysis and Thermal Stability
Authors: Ercolano Carmen , Iacono Roberta , Cafaro Valeria , Pizzo Elio , Giovannelli Donato , Feuerriegel Golo , Streit Wolfgang R. , Strazzulli Andrea , Moracci Marco
Published: July 2024

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation by enzymatic hydrolysis is significant for addressing plastic pollution and fostering sustainable waste management practices. Identifying thermophilic and thermostable PET hydrolases is particularly crucial for industrial bioprocesses, where elevated temperatures may enhance enzymatic efficiency and process kinetics. In this study, we present the discovery of a novel thermophilic and thermostable PETase enzyme named Sis, obtained through metagenomic sequence-based analysis. Sis exhibits robust activity on nanoPET substrates, demonstrating effectiveness at temperatures up to 70 °C and displaying exceptional thermal stability with a melting temperature (Tm) of 82 °C. Phylogenetically distinct from previously characterised PET hydrolases, Sis represents a valuable addition to the repertoire of enzymes suitable for PET degradation.
Echocardiographic Strain Abnormalities Precede Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Development in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation Carriers
Authors: Canciello Grazia , Lombardi Raffaella , Borrelli Felice , Ordine Leopoldo , Chen Suet-Nee , Santoro Ciro , Frisso Giulia , di Napoli Salvatore , Polizzi Roberto , Cristiano Stefano , Esposito Giovanni , Losi Maria-Angela
Published: July 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction, and increased sudden-death risk. Early detection of the phenotypic expression of the disease in genetic carriers without LVH (Gen+/Phen−) is crucial for emerging therapies. This clinical study aims to identify echocardiographic predictors of phenotypic development in Gen+/Phen−. Sixteen Gen+/Phen− (one subject with troponin T, six with myosin heavy chain-7, and nine with myosin-binding protein C3 mutations), represented the study population. At first and last visit we performed comprehensive 2D speckle-tracking strain echocardiography. During a follow-up of 8 ± 5 years, five carriers developed LVH (LVH+). At baseline, these patients were older than those who did not develop LVH (LVH−) (30 ± 8 vs. 15 ± 8 years, p = 0.005). LVH+ had reduced peak global strain rate during the isovolumic relaxation period (SRIVR) (0.28 ± 0.05 vs. 0.40 ± 0.11 1/s, p = 0.048) and lower global longitudinal strain (GLS) (−19.8 ± 0.4 vs. −22.3 ± 1.1%; p < 0.0001) than LVH- at baseline. SRIVR and GLS were not correlated with age (overall, p > 0.08). This is the first HCM study investigating subjects before they manifest clinically significant or relevant disease burden or symptomatology, comparing at baseline HCM Gen+/Phen− subjects who will develop LVH with those who will not. Furthermore, we identified highly sensitive, easily obtainable, age- and load-independent echocardiographic predictors of phenotype development in HCM gene carriers who may undergo early preventive treatment.