bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Classroom Observation: Potential Problems and Solutions
Authors: Sideridis George
Published: August 2017

Direct classroom observation: potential problems and solutions George Sideridis

Direct observation has been the most widely used behavioural assessment method in education. The aim of this article is to define observer bias, drift and reactivity, using examples from the behaviour analytical literature, and suggest ways of controlling them. It concludes that the following recommendations can assist the reliable and accurate recording of student behaviour: (1) train observers intensively until they achieve high levels of reliability and accuracy, (2) use simple observational systems with as few behavioural categories as possible and simple operational definitions, (3) keep observers blind and experimenters double-blind to experimental conditions, subject characteristics, etc., (4) plan periodic training sessions for the observers to re-study the operational definition of behaviours and discuss the problems of the observation situation, (5) inform observers that all their observations are monitored, (6) use ‘real time’ observations and not time-sampling procedures, (7) keep observers motivated and reinforce them for accurate observation, and (8) have observers become part of the classroom environment beforehand.
Gender Differences in Mathematical Sub-Skills
Authors: Manger Terje , Eikeland Ole-Johan
Published: August 2017

Gender differences in mathematical sub-skills

Significant gender differences favouring boys were found among Norwegian sixth-grade students in total mathematical test score and in the sub-scores of numeracy, measurement, fractions, geometry and word problems. No significant differences were found in addition and subtraction or in multiplication and division. Items requiring an understanding of decimal numbers discriminated in favour of the boys. The study revealed the dominance of boys in the upper ranges of ability in mathematics, showing that small average gender differences can hide large differences in a highly able group of students.
School Guidance Focus: A Hong Kong Study
Authors: Hui Eadaoin K. P.
Published: August 2017

School guidance focus: a Hong Kong Study

As schools worldwide pay more attention to pastoral care and pupil guidance research into guidance focus as a school factor and ways of assessing it are still undeveloped. The study reported here aimed at identifying the guidance focus (remedial, preventive or developmental) adopted in Hong Kong secondary schools. In the absence of previous studies, it was necessary to establish criteria of identification. Constructs of guidance were first identified using Kelly's Repertory Grid. This was followed by a questionnaire survey of guidance practices. The findings indicated that case work and developmental group work were useful indicators. The criteria established for assessing schools' guidance focus were the amount of time spent by the school guidance team and the priority they assigned to each indicator. The findings also revealed conceptual and methodological problems in determining school guidance focus and in categorising schools accordingly, thus opening up other areas of research. While specific to Hong Kong secondary schools, the method is reported for its relevance to other school settings.
The Impact of Age on the Job Satisfaction of University Teachers
Authors: Oshagbemi Titus
Published: August 2017

The impact of age on the job satisfaction of university teachers

A general trend in today's organisations is that they are staffed with older workers. One interesting question, therefore, is whether older workers are more satisfied with their jobs when compared with younger employees? The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of age on the job satisfaction of UK academics. A questionnaire including several demographic questions such as age, gender and rank was administered to 1, 102 university teachers. A total of 554 responses were received, giving a response rate of 50.3 per cent. Using frequency analysis, the overall job satisfaction score of the academics was found to be positively related to their age. A three-way analysis of variance confirmed the hypothesis that age is linearly related to the overall measure of their job satisfaction. Further analyses showed that the age of the academics is significantly related to their satisfaction with teaching, research, and administration and management, i.e. the core aspects of their job. The nature of the relationship is explored. It was observed that the construct developed for ascertaining an overall measure of job satisfaction was more rigorous than the popular Job Descriptive Index.
Failure to Understand Military Intervention in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Ejaz
Published: August 2017

In 2014, Armed Forces & Society published Ali’s work, “Contradiction of Concordance Theory: Failure to Understand Military intervention in Pakistan.” Shortly thereafter in 2015, Schiff, the author of concordance theory, defended her theory with “Concordance Theory in Pakistan: Response to Zulfiqar Ali.” To this, Ali reiterated his position with, “Pakistan, Military Coup and Concordance: Four Objections to Schiff.” In response to Ali’s ideas, this article argues that Ali’s accounts not only lack theoretical and methodological rigor but also suffer from empirical fallacies and factual errors. Thus, he has failed to understand military intervention in Pakistan.
Operator-based external disturbance rejection of perturbed nonlinear systems by using robust right coprime factorization
Authors: Li Mengyang , Deng Mingcong
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a class of nonlinear systems with external disturbance and internal perturbation are considered by using operator-based robust right coprime factorization for guaranteeing robust stability, rejecting adverse effects resulting from the existing disturbance and perturbation quantitatively and, meanwhile, realizing output tracking performance. In detail, firstly, robust stability is guaranteed based on a Lipschitz norm inequation using robust right coprime factorization. Secondly, based on the proposed design scheme, a convenient framework is obtained for discussing rejection issues for external disturbance and internal perturbation. Thirdly, from an error signal point of view, the adverse effects resulting from the external disturbance and internal perturbation of the nonlinear system are removed by the designed nonlinear operator. Moreover, output tracking performance is realized using the proposed design scheme simultaneously. Finally, a simulation example is given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme of this paper.
Book Review: Upinder Singh, The Idea of Ancient India: Essays on Religion, Politics and Archaeology
Authors: Sinha Kanad
Published: August 2017

Upinder Singh, The Idea of Ancient India: Essays on Religion, Politics and Archaeology, SAGE Publications, New Delhi, 2016, xlii + 436 pp.,₹1250.
The family context of language brokering among Latino/a young adults
Authors: Shen Jillian J. , Dennis Jessica M.
Published: August 2017

Immigrant youth in the U.S. are often enlisted to translate and interpret for their parents who may lack English proficiency. This activity is called language brokering, and it is commonly observed in immigrant families including those who are Latino. Evidence remains mixed as to whether language brokering is harmful or beneficial to family dynamics. However, examination of the factors which moderate the association between language brokering and family conflict may provide insight into these processes. This study investigated the moderating effects of three parent–child relationship variables (i.e., communication, psychological control, and behavioral control) on the relationship between language brokering frequency and family intergenerational conflict in a sample of 228 Latino/a young adults. Participants reported language brokering frequency for mothers and fathers as well as their perceptions of communication, psychological control, and behavioral control displayed by their mothers and fathers and the frequency of family intergenerational conflicts experienced. Results showed that more frequent language brokering for the mother predicted a higher likelihood of family intergenerational conflict, and all three familial contextual variables moderated this association. The findings suggest that interpersonal factors embedded within the family context must be considered in order to better understand language brokering processes.
The association between transition pattern of marital conflict resolution styles and marital quality trajectory during the early years of Chinese marriage
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Cao Hongjian , Lan Jing , Ju Xiaoyan , Zheng Yingxian , Chen Yi , Zhou Nan , Fang Xiaoyi
Published: August 2017

Based on three annual waves of data obtained from 194 Chinese couples during the first few years of marriage, this study examined how couples’ marital conflict resolution styles might change over time and also the association between such patterns of changes and the developmental trajectories of marital quality. Using latent transition analysis, at each of the three waves, we consistently identified four groups of couples based on the various types of strategies they employed when resolving marital conflicts: Cooperative Couples, Avoidant Couples, Aggressive Couples, and Aggressive Wife-Avoidant Husband Couples, and then we further classified couples into five groups based on their conflict resolution style transition patterns across the three waves: Steadily Constructive Pattern Group, More Constructive Pattern Group, Unpredictable Pattern Group, More Destructive Pattern Group, and Steadily Destructive Pattern Group. Lastly, utilizing the dyadic growth curve model, we linked the conflict resolution profiles identified at the first wave to both the initial levels of and the change rates of marital quality across waves and also linked the further identified conflict resolution style transition pattern groups to the change rates of marital quality across waves.
Relationship renaissance: the use of attachment-based narrative and metaphor in life story work
Authors: Davies Mike , Hodges John
Published: August 2017

This article describes an attachment-based narrative approach to life story work that aims to help children whose psychological well-being is undermined by past experiences of maltreatment and separation. It is a collaborative method working directly with the child, carer and social worker/therapist to construct a coherent and developmentally sensitive narrative that illuminates the child’s troubled and troubling past. The focus is on children’s experiences of placement disruptions and their perception of repeated rejection, pervasive anxiety and mistrust, and how these affect their mental health and capacity to form and sustain relationships. The approach complements life story work by using story and metaphor in a curious and playful way and is particularly effective when the child’s defensiveness and unresolved trauma make conventional interventions of this kind inadequate or even counter-productive. Two case studies are provided to illustrate different applications of the approach.
Evaluation of Hertzian contact parameters from whole field displacement data
Authors: Hariprasad M.P , Ramesh K.
Published: August 2017

Evaluation of contact parameters in Hertzian contact from displacement data is studied. Based on complex potential approach, generic explicit equations for displacement field in the vicinity of the contact zones are presented. Methodology for evaluating unknown contact parameters and associated rigid body displacements from the whole field experimental displacement data is implemented using an over-deterministic system of equations in a least squares sense. Usefulness of this method in dealing different contacting geometries is brought out by analyzing different contacting situations using digital image correlation.
Competence-Affect Separation on the Math and Verbal Scales of the Self-Description Questionnaire II in Chinese Sample
Authors: Leung K. C.
Published: August 2017

Current research has shown that there is a separation of the competence and affect components of academic self-concept on the Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ) II in Western culture. However, no studies have investigated the competence-affect separation for the Math and Verbal scales of the SDQ II in Chinese samples. The present study examines such separation in a sample of 480 Chinese high school students and provides strong support for the competence-affect separation on the Math and Verbal scales of the Chinese version of the SDQ II. Implications are discussed.
Fire hazards of introducing water and ice into hot oil in open kitchen
Authors: Liu J , Chow WK
Published: August 2017

The fire hazard of heating oil in a pan using an induction cooker under various scenarios will be studied in this article. Experiments were carried out in a mock-up kitchen on introducing water or ice to a heated oil pan at temperature below and above the auto-ignition temperature. A total of six groups of flaming conditions were conducted under varying oil depths and quantity of water or ice added. The cooking oil was heated until it ignited and was allowed to burn freely for a period of time to maintain flame over the oil surface in all tests except one. On adding water or ice to the flaming oil, vapor explosion accompanied with a big fire was observed. In another group of tests, water or ice was added to the oil without flame. In these tests, flames were not observed. Gray fog of steam and oil droplets was generated.
The cinematic destiny of the French beauf: National shame or hero?
Authors: Pandelakis Pia
Published: August 2017

Stupid, loud, racist, illiterate, vulgar and deprived of good taste: the stereotype of the french beauf seems to portray every defect. Derived from the word ‘beau-frère’, the slang term originally appeared in the 1970s in the caricatures of French cartoonist Cabu to designate a contradictory figure, marked by his conformity and his chauvinistic ideology. For decades, the beauf served as an outlet for Cabu who used the trope to pinpoint France’s inner contradictions and misguided ways. This article offers to historicise the term ‘beauf’ to clarify its inscription into French culture and analyse its various incarnations in French cinema. The recent success of real TV shows such as Les Marseillais (2012) goes on to reveal the French public’s fascination for a wider beauf culture understood as spectacle. First created as a countermodel, the beauf has come to incarnate an ambiguous figure: loveable inasmuch as he represents an idealised authenticity associated with the classes populaires.
Punks, racailles, et contestation : une réflexion sur les cultures trash des zones périurbaines françaises dans Le Grand Soir
Authors: Bouhet Elise
Published: August 2017

Sorti en 2012, Le Grand Soir de Benoît Delépine et Gustave Kerven, plante le décor dans un centre commercial de la région de Bordeaux où deux protagonistes punks tentent d’organiser une insurrection. La production franco-belge qui reçut le prix Un Certain Regard au Festival de Cannes est une comédie cynique qui suit le parcours aussi initiatique que pathétique de la famille Bonzini. Dans ce western périurbain une esthétique trash se tisse au fil de l’émancipation du déchet humain. Sous cet angle nous proposons de lire Le Grand Soir comme une réflexion sur le processus créatif et destructif que l’image du déchet nous offre. Ainsi, dans cette esthétique le recyclage comme procédé incarne les paradoxes et absurdités de l’objet consommé et le trash comme manifestation culturelle prend la forme d’une vanité contemporaine.
Autofiction littéraire, pornographie queer et culture trash : politique du corps et du sexe dans l’œuvre de Guillaume Dustan
Authors: Jacinto Gilles
Published: August 2017

L’œuvre de Guillaume Dustan a marqué la littérature française contemporaine, la culture queer et l’art politique des deux dernières décennies par ses aspects provocateurs, transgressifs et subversifs. Son caractère polémique tient à l’exploration et à l’exposition qu’il propose de l’identité homosexuelle, à l’usage qu’il fait du genre de l’autofiction qu’il mêle à une pornographie ne faisant pas l’économie de scènes de sexe trash, violentes, vulgaires et dérangeantes, enfin au programme de déconstruction de la littérature officielle qu’il prétend mettre en place au sein même de son écriture. En opérant dans ses romans une réévaluation positive de la culture populaire, l’auteur bâtit dans un style familier une critique de la norme dominante. Si le trash peut être caractérisé comme ce qui n’est pas à sa place et se trouve rejeté et marginalisé, nous pouvons appréhender son œuvre à travers ce prisme pour tenter d’en penser le caractère politique.
Praising twerk: Why aren’t we all shaking our butt?
Authors: Toth Lucille
Published: August 2017

‘To twerk is to dance to popular music in a sexually provocative manner involving thrusting hip movements and a low, squat stance.’ But twerking is also about redefining whiteness in a queered millennial era. Recent cultural appropriations of this African-American dance by mainstream media shows how twerking might be misjudged as trash and degrading for women. Confronting France and the United States in this topic allows a cultural and postcolonial understanding of big black butts.
Introduction
Authors: Bremner Natalia , Bahmad Jamal
Published: August 2017

Although the act of labelling cultural practices or products as trash is often framed as a casual dismissal based on self-evident assumptions, it can in fact be viewed as a mechanism which reflects, perpetuates and justifies the power dynamics of the social context. Trash theorists have argued that our relationship to material trash should be denaturalised and recognised as socio-culturally situated, but should the same not also apply to our relationship to trash culture? The contributions to this special issue all aim to denaturalise trash cultures in the Francophone world through critical and reflexive analyses which tease out social and power dynamics specific to the social context in question.
When the affordances disappear: Dynamical and computational explanations of optic ataxia
Authors: Zipoli Caiani Silvano
Published: August 2017

Two options fuel the debate on the cognitive processes underlying the perception of affordances. On the one hand, the ecological theory of affordance fits with the methodological assumptions of the dynamical systems theory of cognition. On the other hand, it is nowadays common to conceive the perception of affordances within a computational framework. This article defends the explanatory power of a computational approach and aims to extend the concept of affordance beyond the boundaries of the dynamical systems theory of cognition. For that purpose, I consider the case of patients suffering from optic ataxia, a condition in which some aspects of visual guidance over reaching with the hand are lost following a lesion in the left parietal cortex. Etiological considerations, indeed, reveal that a computational approach to the perception of affordances allows for an explanation of ataxic behavior that is not available to the dynamical systems theory.
Human Rights and the Excess of Identity
Authors: Al Tamimi Yussef
Published: August 2017

Identity is a central theme in contemporary politics, but legal academia lacks a rigorous analysis of this concept. The aim of this article is twofold: (i) firstly, it aims to reveal presumptions on identity in human rights law by mapping how the European Court of Human Rights approaches identity and (ii) secondly, it seeks to analyse these presumptions using theoretical insights on identity. By merging legal and theoretical analysis, this article contributes a reading of the Court’s case law which suggests that the tension between the political and apolitical is visible as a common thread in the Court’s use of identity. In case law concerning paternity, the Court appears to hold a specific view of what is presented as an unquestionable part of identity. This ostensibly pre-political notion of identity becomes untenable in cases where the nature of an identity feature, such as the headscarf, is contended or a minority has adopted a national identity that conflicts with the majoritarian national identity. The Court’s approach to identity in such cases reflects a paradox that is inherent to identity; identity is personal while simultaneously constituted and shaped by overarching power mechanisms.
Sexualising the Body: Passionate Aesthetics and Embodied Desires
Authors: Roy Ahonaa
Published: August 2017

This article draws on evidence from ethnographic and anthropological understandings of Mumbai’s contemporary ‘trans’ culture, looking at bodies and embodied practices, such as enhancements, beautification and surgeries, as well as locating the specificities of gender and identity. Ethnographic vignettes highlighting the interaction between Titli, a transsexual woman, and some hijras (South Asian term for ‘eunuchs’) in one of the city’s slum-based localities further establish the anthropological and sociological understandings, and the nuances and intricacies in the construction of transsexuals’ bodies, identities and subjectivity in terms of the differences in appearance, performance and behaviour linked to their political claims.
The Semiotics of Parenthood in India: A Lived Experience
Authors: Menon Shailaja
Published: August 2017

This paper interrogates the semiotics of parenthood based on autoethnography and the understanding of such personal experiences from the standpoint of a participant observer. It attempts to revisit the assumptions regarding parenthood/reproduction from the perspectives of the Hindu family, society and the state. Despite the changes ushered in by industrialisation and a rapidly globalising economy, children in the Indian context (especially sons) are still considered a source of social security, ensuring the continuity of the family, caste, lineage and even of social prestige. Increasingly, modern medicine is a willing ally in playing with women’s bodies to confer parenthood. Further, the paper questions the legal requirements laid down by the Indian state prescribing certain procedures, whereby parenthood is conferred on individuals through adoption. This paper argues that there exists a dialectical relationship between culture, medical technology and the state machinery to complicate the experience of parenthood.
Rethinking Panel Culture: Resistance and Subversion in Drawing the Line: Indian Women Fight Back
Authors: Nair Rajesh V.
Published: August 2017

This paper sets out to interrogate an interesting dimension of a popular form—the graphic novel—and its use as a mode of social activism. Illustrating clearly the myriad manifestations of sexuality in modern Indian urban spaces through 14 graphic narratives, Drawing the Line: Indian Women Fight Back (2015) is a bold attempt by Priya Kuriyan, Larissa Bertonasco and Ludmilla Bartscht in documenting the predicament of young women in our society in a rather refreshing manner.

I focus on the performative aspect of gender by analysing the graphic texts where an effort is made to subvert the power structure by appealing to social conscience. Here, the authors have tried to rethink femininity in the contemporary Indian context by developing a counter-hegemonic narrative which challenges the aggressive nature of dominant masculinity and by opening up the possibility of constructing a ‘counter-space’ (Lefebvre). Intersection between verbal and visual representation in the graphic stories is studied with theoretical inputs from W. J. T. Mitchell, Michel Foucault and Judith Butler.
An Evaluation of the Research Evidence on the Early Start Denver Model
Authors: Baril Erika M. , Humphreys Betsy P.
Published: August 2017

The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) has been gaining popularity as a comprehensive treatment model for children ages 12 to 60 months with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This article evaluates the research on the ESDM through an analysis of study design and purpose; child participants; setting, intervention agents, and context; density and duration; and overall research rigor to assist professionals with knowledge translation and decisions around adoption of the practices. Ten research studies are included in this systematic review. Findings indicate variability in methodologies, participant and intervention characteristics, and research rigor. The ESDM shows promise as an evidence-based practice for young children with ASD and there is preliminary evidence to support implementation of the ESDM. Children are progressing with ESDM intervention and fidelity of implementation has been achieved in community-based settings. The extent to which child improvements are due to the ESDM intervention alone is not fully known. Additional studies are needed including replication by independent researchers to determine “active ingredients,” level of effectiveness, and whether the ESDM is better than other treatment options. This review highlights research opportunities to expand professionals’ knowledge of the ESDM’s effectiveness. Clinical decisions around adoption and feasibility of implementation in communities will be enhanced with greater knowledge and understanding.
The Effect of Conspiratorial Thinking and Motivated Reasoning on Belief in Election Fraud
Authors: Edelson Jack , Alduncin Alexander , Krewson Christopher , Sieja James A. , Uscinski Joseph E.
Published: August 2017

Belief in electoral fraud has received heightened attention due to elite rhetoric and controversial voter identification (ID) laws. Using a two-wave national survey administered before and after the 2012 election, we examine the individual-level correlates of belief in a range of election-related conspiracy theories. Our data show that partisanship affects the timing and content of belief in election-related conspiracy theories, but a general disposition toward conspiratorial thinking strongly influences those beliefs. Support for voter ID laws, in contrast, appears to be driven largely by party identification through elite-mass linkages. Our analysis suggests that belief in election fraud is a common and predictable consequence of both underlying conspiratorial thinking and motivated partisan reasoning.
Rituximab in multiple sclerosis: Frequency and clinical relevance of anti-drug antibodies
Authors: Dunn Nicky , Juto Alexander , Ryner Malin , Manouchehrinia Ali , Piccoli Luca , Fink Katharina , Piehl Fredrik , Fogdell-Hahn Anna
Published: August 2017

Background:

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 B-cell-depleting antibody increasingly used off-label in multiple sclerosis (MS). The clinical relevance of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against rituximab in MS is unknown.

Objective:

To determine frequency of ADA in relation to B-cell counts, allergic reactions and clinical efficacy in a large cohort of MS-treated patients.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study with collection of serum samples from 339 MS patients immediately before a scheduled rituximab infusion. ADAs were detected using an in-house–validated electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to compare methods. Data on patient demographics and clinical outcomes were retrieved from the Swedish MS Registry and patient records.

Results:

ADAs were detected in 37% of relapsing–remitting MS and 26% in progressive forms of MS. Presence of ADAs decreased with increasing number of rituximab infusions. There was a significant association between both presence and titres of ADAs and incomplete B-cell depletion, but not with infusion/adverse reactions or clinical outcomes at the group level. Only five patients terminated rituximab during follow-up, four of which were ADA positive.

Conclusion:

Rituximab treatment is associated with a high degree of ADAs, which correlates with efficacy of B-cell depletion; however, the clinical relevance of ADAs remains uncertain.
Indoor air quality in an Antarctic Research Station: Fungi, particles and aldehyde concentrations associated with building materials and architectural design
Authors: Pagel Érica Coelho , Reis Neyval Costa , de Alvarez Cristina Engel , Santos Jane Méri , Beghi Sandra Paule , Boechat José Laerte , Nishikawa Marília Martins , Antunes Paulo Wagnner Pereira , Cassini Sérvio Túlio
Published: August 2017

Antarctic buildings are enclosed structures, which provide shelter and logistic support to researchers and personnel who remain indoors for long periods and can be affected by air pollution caused by construction materials and activities inside buildings. This study aims to investigate the indoor air quality at the Brazilian Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station based on measurements of aldehydes, particulate matter and fungi conducted during the Antarctic summer in 2012. The sampling site was divided in conditioned (personnel living quarters) and unconditioned (service and utilities areas) compartments and outdoor sites. A field log book was used to record the activities in the station. Furniture and plywood coverings may have contributed to high average concentrations of formaldehyde. Cooking resulted in high average levels of acrolein and fine particles in most of the monitored environments. Other activities such as cleaning, use of personal and cosmetic products, waste incineration, building maintenance and movement of people and vehicles have also contributed to particles concentration increase. Dominance of the species Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium sp. showed potential means of fungal proliferation. Considering that the functionality and operation are similar in many Antarctic buildings, some general recommendations were outlined.
An ever-closer union? Measuring the expansion and ideological content of European Union policy-making through an expert survey
Authors: Nanou Kyriaki , Zapryanova Galina , Toth Fanni
Published: August 2017

Only a few studies have measured the expansion of European Union competences and they have relied on information derived from consecutive treaties, producing measures that do not vary in between. But decisions on the allocation of authority to the European Union also occur regularly through secondary legislation. This article presents a new index of the Europeanisation of policy based on an expert survey. The index provides a valuable new resource, encompassing 1957 to 2014, on the distribution of authority between the European Union and member states across policy fields, and on the ideological content of primary and secondary legislation. The study discusses the contributions made to existing scholarship, presents key findings from experts’ assessments, and demonstrates how the dataset can advance research on European integration.
Mapping of exhaust gas recirculation and combustion-residual backflow in the intake ports of a heavy-duty diesel engine using a multiplexed multi-species absorption spectroscopy sensor
Authors: Jatana Gurneesh , Kocher Lyle , Moon Suk-Min , Popuri Sriram , Augustin Kevin , Tao Feng , Wu Yifeng , Booth Rick , Geckler Sam , Koeberlein David , Partridge William
Published: August 2017

The combustion-residual backflow into the intake ports of a commercial diesel engine (Cummins ISX series) was spatiotemporally mapped using a multiplexed multi-species absorption spectroscopy sensor system; the resulting cycle- and cylinder-resolved measurements are applicable for assessing cylinder charge uniformity, control strategies, and computational fluid dynamics tools. On-engine measurements were made using four compact (3/8 in Outside Diameter) stainless steel probes which enabled simultaneous multi-point measurements, required minimal engine hardware modification, and featured a novel tip design for measurement of gas flows parallel to the probe axis. Three sensor probes were used to perform simultaneous backflow measurements in intake runners corresponding to three of the six engine cylinders, and a fourth probe was installed in the intake manifold plenum for tracking dynamics introduced by an external exhaust gas recirculation mixer. Near-crank-angle resolved measurements (5 kHz, that is, 1.2 crank angle resolution at 1000 RPM) were performed during steady-state engine operation at various levels of external exhaust gas recirculation to measure the gas properties and penetration distance of the backflow into the intake runners on a cylinder- and cycle-basis. Validation of computational fluid dynamics model results is also presented to demonstrate the utility of such measurements in advancing engine research.
The purgatorial ethic and the spirit of welfare
Authors: Boland Tom , Griffin Ray
Published: August 2017

Drawing on the Weberian spirit, our key problem is trying to understand the irrational rationality of Active Labour Market Policies adopted across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, despite their limited utility. Rather than explaining these as inefficient policy formation or reflecting neo-liberal ideology, we suggest that the experience and governmentality of welfare is historically informed by the idea of purgatory. Drawing from the genealogical impulse in Weber, Foucault and Agamben, and adapting Weber’s concept of ‘world-images’, we suggest that the history of welfare, from workhouses to Active Labour Market Policies, is animated by the purgatorial logic of judging, punishing and purifying individuals. This resonance is clearest in the interpretation that jobseekers give to the time they spend unemployed, but also in political speeches, policy making and the creation of welfare systems. Counter-intuitively, this analysis is drawn from Ireland, a latecomer to Active Labour Market Policies, where the imposition of an increasedly purgatorial conception of welfare is clearly visible.
Esthetic interaction model of robot with human to develop social affinity
Authors: Lee Jae-Joon , Kim Dae-Won , Kang Bo-Yeong
Published: August 2017

Esthetic interaction of robot with human is a new human–robot interaction model that focuses on helping a human create a social affinity with a robot by adding the concept of an esthetic experience to their interaction. The model is based on the theory that an esthetic experience is a circular mental process between subjects and their social environment; this experience makes social interaction more positive in ways that differ from more traditional emotion-related approaches. Our research using esthetic interaction of robot with human demonstrates that by including an esthetic interaction (imitative play) with the robot, the robot’s negative emotional factors (e.g. facial expression and appearance) do not produce a negative social relationship with a human but transform the relationship into a positive one. The results do not signify that emotional factors can simply be excluded from human–robot interaction; rather, they suggest that there are circular processes between the emotional factors and the esthetic interaction with the robot. Although our research is challenging and very experimental, we expect it to contribute to innovation in human–robot interaction research fields.
Diabetes management in Senegalese families: A dyadic-narrative illustration
Authors: BeLue R , Ndiaye K , Miranda PY , Ndao F , Canagarajah P
Published: August 2017

Objectives

In many Sub-Saharan African cultures, diabetes self-management behaviors such as dietary adherence do not occur in isolation but are carried out in the context of local culture, a significant factor in shaping those health behaviors.

Methods

Using a family-based narrative approach, we explore how Senegalese families manage diabetes. We interviewed twenty people living with diabetes and selected family caregivers from MBour, Senegal.

Results

We found that people living with diabetes experienced physical, emotional, and financial stressors as a result of managing their condition. In addition, family caregivers play an important role in managing their family member's diabetes.

Discussion

The act of caregiving affects caregiver diabetes prevention behaviors. In some cases, this caregiving role leads to an increase of healthy behaviors such as reducing dietary sugar; however, in some cases, caregivers do not see the need to engage in healthy behaviors. Diabetes prevention and management interventions that support both Senegalese people living with diabetes and their family caregivers are warranted.
A case with a large intracoronary mobile mass diagnosed with a calcified thrombus using optical frequency domain imaging and intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Hashimoto Kenji , Imaeda Syohei , Ryuzaki Toshinobu , Saito Tetsuya , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Tabei Ryota , Kodaira Masaki , Numasawa Yohei
Published: August 2017

Objectives:

A calcified thrombus is rare, but needs to be recognized and to be differentiated from calcified nodule.

Methods:

We report a case of acute coronary syndrome and a large intracoronary mobile mass, which was identified as a calcified thrombus by optical frequency domain imaging and intravascular ultrasound.

Results:

Successful direct stenting indicated that mobile mass was a calcified thrombus, not a calcified nodule.

Conclusions:

Cardiologists should be aware that an intracoronary mobile mass could be a calcified thrombus. This diagnosis can be confirmed through the combined use of optical frequency domain imaging and intravascular ultrasound.
Induced vomiting for attention seeking and secondary gain: An unusual cause of pseudo-resistant hypertension
Authors: Zakka Katerina , Bitar Mohamad , Lakkis Bassel , Koubar Sahar H
Published: August 2017

In patients with complex psychosocial history presenting with resistant hypertension, observed therapy should be implemented early on to avoid unnecessary investigations and delayed diagnosis.
Developing a Model for Studying the Antecedents and Effects of Word of Mouth (WoM) and e-WoM Marketing Based on Literature Review
Authors: Srivastava Deepti , Sharma Ruppal Walia
Published: August 2017

Word of mouth (WoM) marketing is a key ingredient of interactive marketing, involving consumers and converting them into spokespersons for the company. The scope of published research on WoM is broad and spans a long period of time. However, it is not since the advent of social media that WoM or electronic-Word of Mouth (e-WoM) has become a measurable means of communication, making work on e-WoM recent and scarce. Also, existing work pertains to developed economies and there is a potential scope of study in the context of developing nations like India, where the focus is shifting to digitalization in a huge way. To understand the impact of WoM and social media, an attempt has been made to divide literature into drivers, measures, and effects of WoM. Number of variables emerge and can be used to measure the three identified categories. These variables can also be consolidated to establish causal links between drivers and effects of WoM. WoM has been conceptualized as the traditional communication model (Cheung & Thadani, 2010) and input–process–output model (Chan & Ngai, 2010) in the past, but these models take into account only a few variables that are linked into a causal relationship. By providing a consolidated guideline on drivers, measures, and effects of WoM, this article attempts to provide a roadmap for corporate/academic research on cause–effect relationship of WoM, as well as conduct fresh research in the context of developing economies.
AG-348 enhances pyruvate kinase activity in red blood cells from patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Kung Charles , Hixon Jeff , Kosinski Penelope A. , Cianchetta Giovanni , Histen Gavin , Chen Yue , Hill Collin , Gross Stefan , Si Yaguang , Johnson Kendall , DeLaBarre Byron , Luo Zhiyong , Gu Zhiwei , Yao Gui , Tang Huachun , Fang Cheng , Xu Yingxia , Lv Xiaobing , Biller Scott , Su Shin-San Michael , Yang Hua , Popovici-Muller Janeta , Salituro Francesco , Silverman Lee , Dang Lenny
Published: August 2017

Key Points

AG-348 is a small-molecule allosteric activator of WT red cell pyruvate kinase as well as mutant enzymes associated with hemolytic anemia. Activity in vitro, in mice, and in red blood cells suggests it may address the underlying molecular pathology in PK deficiency patients.
National profile of foot orthotic provision in the United Kingdom, part 1: practitioners and scope of practice
Authors: Nester CJ , Graham A , Martinez‐Santos A , Williams AE , McAdam J , Newton V
Published: August 2017

Background

Foot orthoses have been advocated in the management of a wide range of clinical foot and lower limb problems and are within the scope of podiatry, orthotic and physiotherapy practice. Previous reports into the provision of orthoses have consistently identified significant issues with services and devices, but data were never specific to foot orthoses. The aim of this first of a series of papers was to report the first ever national multi professional profile of foot orthosis provision in the United Kingdom.

Methods

Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from podiatrists, orthotists and physiotherapists via an online questionnaire. The topics, questions and answers were developed through a series of pilot phases. The professions were targeted through electronic and printed materials. Data were captured over a 10 month period in 2016.

Results

A total of 499 responses were included in analysis, including 357 podiatrists, 93 orthotists and 49 physiotherapists. The results reveal wide ranging practices across podiatrists, orthotists and physiotherapists, provision of orthoses through different health care departments (uni and multidisciplinary), for different health conditions (acute and chronic), and involving different types of orthoses (prefabricated and customised).

Conclusion

Foot orthoses in the United Kingdom are provided in areas of well recognised health and rehabilitation priorities. A wide range of orthotic devices and practices are employed and different professions provide foot orthoses in different ways.
Reactivation of Gαi-coupled formyl peptide receptors is inhibited by Gαq-selective inhibitors when induced by signals generated by the platelet-activating factor receptor
Authors: Holdfeldt André , Dahlstrand Rudin Agnes , Gabl Michael , Rajabkhani Zahra , König Gabriele M , Kostenis Evi , Dahlgren Claes , Forsman Huamei
Published: August 2017

Formyl peptide receptor (FPR)–desensitized neutrophils display increased production/release of superoxide (O2−) when activated by platelet-activating factor (PAF), a priming of the response achieved through a unique receptor crosstalk mechanism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an inhibitor selective for small, heterotrimeric G proteins belonging to the Gαq subclass on that receptor crosstalk. We show that signals generated by FPRs and the PAF receptor (PAFR) induce activation of the neutrophil O2−, producing NADPH-oxidase, and that response was sensitive to Gαq inhibition in cells activated by PAF, but no inhibition was obtained in cells activated by FPR agonists. Signaling in naive neutrophils is terminated fairly rapidly, and the receptors become homologously desensitized. The downstream sensitivity to Gαq inhibition in desensitized cells displaying increased production/release of O2− through the PAFR receptor crosstalk mechanism also comprised the reactivation of the FPRs, and the activation signals were redirected from the PAFR to the desensitized/reactivated FPRs. The Gαq-dependent activation signals generated by the PAFRs activate the Gαi-coupled FPRs, a receptor crosstalk that represents a novel pathway by which G protein-coupled receptors can be regulated and signaling can be turned on and off.
3D marine magnetotelluric inversion: A hybrid impedance and direct-field approach
Authors: Mütschard Lutz , Hokstad Ketil , Wiik Torgeir , Ursin Bjørn
Published: August 2017

The measured electromagnetic field in magnetotellurics (MT) is composed of the natural source field and its subsurface response. Commonly, the data are represented as impedances, the complex ratio between the horizontal electric and magnetic fields. This measure is independent of the source distribution because the impedance-tensor estimation contains a deconvolution operator. We have used a Gauss-Newton-type 3D MT inversion scheme to compare impedance-data inversion with an inversion using the recorded electric field directly. The use of the observed electric field is beneficial to the inversion algorithm because it simplifies the estimation of the sensitivities. The direct-field approach permits the use of the observed data without processing, but it presumes knowledge of the source distribution. A method to estimate the time-variable strength and polarization of the incoming plane-wave source is presented and tested on synthetic and real-data examples. The direct-field inversion is successfully applied to a synthetic and a real data set within marine settings. A comparison with the conventional impedance inversion is conducted. The results of the synthetic data example are very similar, with a slightly more accurate reconstruction of the model in the impedance case, whereas the direct-field inversion produces a smoother inversion result when compared with the impedance case. The mapping of a resistive salt structure in the real-data example indicates deviations in the final conductivity models. The impedance inversion suggests a deeper rooted resistive structure, whereas the direct-field inversion predicts a more compact structure limited to the overburden. We have evaluated the advantages of the new approach like the simplification of the sensitivity calculation, limitations, and disadvantages like knowledge of the source distribution.
Integrated facies modeling in unconventional reservoirs using a frequentist approach: Example from a South Texas field
Authors: Michelena Reinaldo J. , Godbey Kevin S. , Angola Omar G.
Published: August 2017

Modeling of rock types or facies in unconventional reservoirs presents numerous challenges that are not encountered in conventional reservoirs. Because the exploitation of unconventional reservoirs frequently relies on the use of large numbers of long, data-poor horizontal wells, routine tasks in conventional reservoirs, such as petrophysical analyses and rock-physics diagnostics, become problematic in unconventional reservoirs due to insufficient data. Similarly, the inability to generate synthetic seismograms in the horizontal section of the wells makes seismic well ties and time-depth conversions more difficult. Our approach for facies modeling in unconventional reservoirs attempts to overcome these challenges by using the abundant log information available along the vertical pilot well to extract discrete facies indicators (facies flags) from logging-while-drilling information along the horizontals. After performing a time-depth conversion constrained by geosteering information, we estimate facies probabilities using facies flags and prestack elastic inversion results also extracted along the horizontals. As opposed to the Bayesian formalism commonly used for facies probabilities estimation, our frequentist approach estimates probabilities directly from proportions derived from crossplots of inverted elastic properties without using the Bayes formula. No prior information is required. The margin of error in the probabilities is also estimated by applying a well-known formula used to estimate the margin of error in opinion polls. Finally, we use seismic probability results to select only points with high probability and high reliability, which are treated as hard constraints for stochastic facies modeling. The selection of the seismic constraints is also weighted by the vertical facies trend expected for the area of interest. Our final facies model closely follows horizontal and vertical well facies data, vertical proportion curves, and selected seismic constraints. The application of the methodology is illustrated in a carbonate-rich, unconventional reservoir in South Texas.