bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SNGuess: A method for the selection of young extragalactic transients
Authors: Miranda N. , Freytag J. C. , Nordin J. , Biswas R. , Brinnel V. , Fremling C. , Kowalski M. , Mahabal A. , Reusch S. , van Santen J.
Published: July 2022

Context.With a rapidly rising number of transients detected in astronomy, classification methods based on machine learning are increasingly being employed. Their goals are typically to obtain a definitive classification of transients, and for good performance they usually require the presence of a large set of observations. However, well-designed, targeted models can reach their classification goals with fewer computing resources.

Aims.The aim of this study is to assist in the observational astronomy task of deciding whether a newly detected transient warrants follow-up observations.

Methods.This paper presents SNGuess, a model designed to find young extragalactic nearby transients with high purity. SNGuess works with a set of features that can be efficiently calculated from astronomical alert data. Some of these features are static and associated with the alert metadata, while others must be calculated from the photometric observations contained in the alert. Most of the features are simple enough to be obtained or to be calculated already at the early stages in the lifetime of a transient after its detection. We calculate these features for a set of labeled public alert data obtained over a time span of 15 months from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). The core model of SNGuess consists of an ensemble of decision trees, which are trained via gradient boosting.

Results.Approximately 88% of the candidates suggested by SNGuess from a set of alerts from ZTF spanning from April 2020 to August 2021 were found to be true relevant supernovae (SNe). For alerts with bright detections, this number ranges between 92% and 98%. Since April 2020, transients identified by SNGuess as potential young SNe in the ZTF alert stream are being published to the Transient Name Server (TNS) under the AMPEL_ZTF_NEW group identifier. SNGuess scores for any transient observed by ZTF can be accessed via a web servicehttps://ampel.zeuthen.desy.de/api/live/docs. The source code of SNGuess is publicly availablehttps://github.com/nmiranda/SNGuess.

Conclusions.SNGuess is a lightweight, portable, and easily re-trainable model that can effectively suggest transients for follow-up. These properties make it a useful tool for optimizing follow-up observation strategies and for assisting humans in the process of selecting candidate transients.
A method for identifying metal-poor stars with Gaia BP/RP spectra
Authors: Xylakis-Dornbusch T. , Christlieb N. , Lind K. , Nordlander T.
Published: July 2022

Context. The study of the oldest and most metal-poor stars in our Galaxy promotes our understanding of the Galactic chemical evolution and the beginning of Galaxy and star formation. However, they are notoriously difficult to find, with only seven stars at [Fe/H] < −5.0 having been detected to date. Thus, the spectrophotometric data of 219 million sources which became available in the third Gaia Data Release comprise a very promising dataset for the identification of metal-poor stars.

Aims. We want to use the low-resolution Gaia Blue Photometer/Red Photometer (BP/RP) spectra to identify metal-poor stars. Our primary aspiration is to help populate the poorly constrained tail of the metallicity distribution function of the stellar halo of the Galaxy.

Methods. We developed a metal-poor candidate selection method based on flux ratios from the BP/RP Gaia spectra, using simulated synthetic spectra.

Results. We found a relation between the relative iron abundance and the flux ratio of the Ca H & K region to that of the Hβ line. This relation is temperature and surface gravity dependent, and it holds for stars with 4800 K ≤ Teff ≤ 6300 K. We applied it to noisy simulated synthetic spectra and inferred [Fe/H] with an uncertainty of σ[Fe/H] ≲ 0.65 dex for −3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.5 and G = 15–17 mag, which is sufficient to identify stars at [Fe/H] < −2.0 reliably. We predict that by selecting stars with inferred [Fe/H] ≤ −2.5 dex, we can retrieve 80% of the stars with [Fe/H] ≤ −3 and have a success rate of about 50%, that is one in two stars we select would have [Fe/H] ≤ −3. We do not take into account the effect of reddening, so our method should only be applied to stars which are located in regions of low extinction.
Prospective evaluation of socket shield technique for immediate implant placement in anterior maxilla
Authors: Bhagol Amrish , Ashwin V. , Singh Virendra
Published: July 2022

Purpose:The purpose of the study was to report the four year implant survival rate for immediate implant placement using socket shield technique. Objectives included evaluation of the esthetic outcomes and to report any complications associated with this technique.Material and methods:This study is a prospective cohort of 10 consecutive patients with Implant placement between the maxillary first premolars using socket shield technique. Data were collected (PPD, BOP, PES, buccal width of keratinized mucosa, peri-apical radiographs and photographs) to assess and compare the changes in peri-implant tissues in pre-operative and follow up visits.Results:All the implants osseointegrated successfully without any adverse events. Peri-implant probing revealed healthy conditions in terms of pocket depth and bleeding on probing. Mean buccal width of keratinized mucosa of 4.1 was achieved. A mean pink aesthetic score of 12.3 was recorded.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, the results were suggesting that socket shield technique is effective in maintaining the hard and soft tissue architecture of anterior maxillary region and delivers high esthetic outcomes with shorter duration of treatment period. However, a prospective randomized study to compare socket shield with other techniques is needed to draw any definitive conclusion.
Découverte tardive d’une mort fœtale in utero : réflexions autour d’un cas Clinique
Authors: Pelage Ingrid , Boissel Laure , Corde Pascal , Marian Charlotte , Crovetto Cécile , Guilé Jean-Marc , Lahaye Hélène , Benarous Xavier
Published: July 2022

Nous présentons le cas clinique d’une femme de 42 ans pour laquelle une mort fœtale in utero (MFIU) a été découverte 11 semaines après le décès du fœtus. Au moment du constat du décès, la patiente s’engageait dans un protocole d’interruption médicale de grossesse (IMG) suite à la découverte d’une cardiopathie congénitale liée à une trisomie 21. L’ambivalence quant aux choix de procéder à une IMG s’est traduite par une grande discontinuité dans la prise en charge avec des conséquences potentiellement grave pour la santé physique de la mère. Pour mieux comprendre les enjeux psychopathologiques de cette patiente nous avons utilisé une méthode qualitative sur la base d’entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de professionnels. La patiente présentait de nombreux antécédents obstétricaux qui sont apparus déterminants pour comprendre certaines réactions d’angoisses qui se traduisaient finalement par une rupture de lien. Ce cas clinique illustre les spécificités du deuil périnatal dont les manifestations psychotraumatiques peuvent se réactiver lors de futures grossesses. Cette situation exceptionnelle illustre le rôle, mais aussi les limites, d’une équipe de périnatalité qui vise à mobiliser les capacités de liaison psychique et de contenance de la patiente mais aussi de l’équipe de soin.
Secret et ravage : un nouage dans la douleur
Authors: Lorriot Simon
Published: July 2022

L’article se propose d’étudier la fibromyalgie dans des perspectives psychanalytiques et psychopathologiques à partir d’une situation clinique. La fibromyalgie, où la douleur et l’épuisement constituent les principaux symptômes, reste souvent appréhendée par la médecine comme une énigme sans substrat organique bien identifié. Les ressorts inconscients de la plainte douloureuse sont ici à l’étude. Ce travail interroge dans un premier temps la douleur comme l’expression psychosomatique d’un secret de famille. Puis dans un second temps elle est envisagée comme le lieu d’inscription d’une énigme : celle de la féminité, à partir du concept de ravage.
Effects of atmospheric discharges on wind farms performance: a review study
Authors: Mello Gisela , Dias Marta Ferreira , Robaina Margarita
Published: July 2022

One of the factors that influence the energy projects’ performance is the atmospheric conditions. Atmospheric discharges are a recurrent and natural phenomenon, that for the energy sector, represent a risk for the system functioning due to the possibility of damage to the equipment or indirect impacts, such as fires and transmission system shutdown, interrupting the energy supply, and causing socioenvironmental and economic impacts. This article analyzed the effects of atmospheric discharges on tall structures of energy projects performance, namely on wind farms. For that purpose, a systematic literature review was developed, and as complementary data some examples of Brazilian Environmental Impact Assessments of new wind farms projects were verified, to demonstrate the need to consider this parameter on the energy projects assessment. Thus, this review showed that better-quality information about atmospheric discharges, as main causes of the breakdowns and factors which influence the intensity and their geographical location, is important to prepare preventive maintenance plans in the short and long term. Moreover, the environmental studies of new energy projects do not consider this phenomenon as an external factor and their effects, such as the possible conflicts between the responsible enterprise and the affected population.
Photochemical reactions and surface ozone measurements in Tehran city center
Authors: Shahrtash Fatemeh Mahmonir
Published: July 2022

Efforts have been made for surface ozone concentration measurements considering secondary reactions via actinometry. Pyro heliometry, pyranometry and spectrophotometry, idometry in Amir Abad station of Tehran city center in parallel. In actinometry method consideration were made to show solar radiation in all different filters of green, yellow, red and dark red by means of 525 nm, 630 nm, 695 nm and 721 nm in parallel by the same time during 1991–1992. Resulted as solar radiation reduction in all filters and concluded for secondary reactions at Amirabad station for the first time in Iran. Measurements were made daily and seasonally at midday in Amirabad station. Where in idometry and spectrophotometry method consideration were made in certain wavelengths of 276.5 nm and 301 nm, for surface ozone measurements during autumn winter considering, October, November, December 1991–1992 and 1999–2001, using rain samples. Which has shown a concentration range of 30–60 (ppb) and 80–115 (ppb), respectively. The concentration measurements of surface ozone were made as a function of photochemical reactions of NO2. NO and photon rays in agreement with the results of spectrometry method by the same time due to F.M. Shahrtash for the first time in Iran. This study was in agreements with the works in Montreal, Ca (1992). Other consideration was made for surface ozone data collection analysis of (MOI) from Mehrabad station of Tehran city center via Dobson method during summer–autumn 2015. Which has shown a range of concentration of 80–92 (ppb), in comparison with the measurements of Amirabad station. Besides consideration was made for recent research work in China, which has detected the surface ozone concentration of 70–100 ppb during 2013–2018, mainly in North China and Yangtze river plain” by means of “photochemical reactions and surface ozone” in agreement with this study as a whole.
A novel ranking approach with common weights: An implementation in the presence of interval data and flexible measures
Authors: Ramezani-Tarkhorani Somayeh , Eini Mahdi
Published: July 2022

In this paper a ranking method using common weights methodology is presented. The goal of the method is enhancing the decision maker (DM)’s influence in the ranking procedure. Although DM’s preference information is an important element in our method, the approach can also be modified to be used in the absence of it. Since we aim to implement the approach on an empirical instance, the model is modified to deal with the properties of the sample, so it is developed in the presence of the interval data and flexible measures. Finally, the results are discussed.
The many-body expansion for metals. I. The alkaline earth metals Be, Mg, and Ca
Authors: Mato Joani , Tzeli Demeter , Xantheas Sotiris S.
Published: July 2022

We examine the many-body expansion (MBE) for alkaline earth metal clusters, Ben, Mgn, Can (n = 4, 5, 6), at the Møller–Plesset second order perturbation theory, coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples, multi-reference perturbation theory, and multi-reference configuration interaction levels of theory. The magnitude of each term in the MBE is evaluated for several geometrical configurations. We find that the behavior of the MBE for these clusters depends strongly on the geometrical arrangement and, to a lesser extent, on the level of theory used. Another factor that affects the MBE is the in situ (ground or excited) electronic state of the individual atoms in the cluster. For most geometries, the three-body term is the largest, followed by a steady decrease in absolute energy for subsequent terms. Though these systems exhibit non-negligible multi-reference effects, there was little qualitative difference in the MBE when employing single vs multi-reference methods. Useful insights into the connectivity and stability of these clusters have been drawn from the respective potential energy surfaces and quasi-atomic orbitals for the various dimers, trimers, and tetramers. Through these analyses, we investigate the similarities and differences in the binding energies of different-sized clusters for these metals.
Local charge-displacement analysis: Targeting local charge-flows in complex intermolecular interactions
Authors: Nottoli G. , Ballotta B. , Rampino S.
Published: July 2022

Charge-displacement (CD) analysis has recently proven to be a simple and powerful scheme for quantitatively analyzing the profile the charge redistribution occurring upon intermolecular interactions along a given interaction axis. However, when two molecular fragments bind through complex interactions involving multiple concurrent charge flows, ordinary CD analysis is capable of providing only an averaged picture of the related charge-flow profiles and no detailed information on each of them. In this article, we combine CD analysis with a Hirshfeld partitioning of the molecular charge redistribution for a local analysis on focused portions of the molecule, allowing for a detailed characterization of one charge flow at a time. The resulting scheme—the local charge-displacement (LCD) analysis—is tested on the intriguing case of the dimethyl sulfide–sulfur dioxide complex, characterized by concurrent charge flows relating to a sulfur–sulfur homochalcogen interaction and a pair of hydrogen bonds. The LCD scheme is then applied to the analysis of multiple hydrogen bonding in the acetic acid dimer, of base-pairing interactions in DNA, and of ambifunctional hydrogen bonding in the ammonia–pyridine complex.
Laser produced soft x-ray source diagnostics with temporal, spectral, and spatial resolution
Authors: Fraenkel M. , Ehrlich Y. , Rubin D. , Ferber Y. , Sturm G.
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate the use of three diagnostic tools which simultaneously view the target from nearly the same direction, and their results are combined to provide temporally, spectrally, and spatially resolved absolutely calibrated target emission information. To demonstrate this capability, Au targets were irradiated by 1.8 kJ, 3 ns laser pulses to produce broadband soft x-ray emission in the 0.1–3.5 keV spectral range. Target diagnostics included a time-resolved x-ray diode array, each measured a partial spectral band, time-integrated spectrally resolved absolutely calibrated transmission grating spectrometer, and static and time-resolved soft x-ray imagers coupled to a charge-coupled device camera and to a streak camera, respectively, measuring spatially and temporally resolved radiation at the main Au target emission bands. The combined temporally, spectrally, and spatially resolved absolutely calibrated target emission result can be compared to simulations and be used to design and analyze experiments in which the source emission is used as a drive for various physical processes.
Assessing the performance of ΔSCF and the diagonal second-order self-energy approximation for calculating vertical core excitation energies
Authors: Zamani Abdulrahman Y. , Hratchian Hrant P.
Published: July 2022

Vertical core excitation energies are obtained using a combination of the ΔSCF method and the diagonal second-order self-energy approximation. These methods are applied to a set of neutral molecules and their anionic forms. An assessment of the results with the inclusion of relativistic effects is presented. For core excitations involving delocalized symmetry orbitals, the applied composite method improves upon the overestimation of ΔSCF by providing approximate values close to experimental K-shell transition energies. The importance of both correlation and relaxation contributions to the vertical core-excited state energies, the concept of local and nonlocal core orbitals, and the consequences of breaking symmetry are discussed.
Pancake-shaped freezing of a droplet impacting a supercooled surface: Evidence for a threshold temperature
Authors: Meng Zhaoyuan , Zhu Yubing , Hao Jiguang , Hu Gengkai , Floryan J. M.
Published: July 2022

The residual diameter of a droplet at a temperature of 25 °C impacting a cold surface was investigated using high-speed photography. The temperature of the impacted surface was varied from −50 to 25 °C. A threshold temperature was found below which the impacting droplet freezes near the maximum spreading diameter, resulting in pancake-shaped freezing. However, above the threshold temperature, the lamella retracts before freezing. The maximum spreading diameter remains nearly unchanged for surfaces with various temperatures for the same Weber number. Variations of the threshold temperature required for pancake-shaped freezing as a function of the Weber number were determined. The threshold temperature decreases as the Weber number increases. A model for predicting the threshold temperature is proposed and compared with experimental observations. It is shown that it is the freezing time of the lamella tip that determines the threshold temperature.
Naïve English-speaking learners’ use of indirect positive evidence
Authors: Li Ying , Goad Heather
Published: July 2022

When second language learners are faced with acquiring a grammar that is a subset of their native language
grammar, direct positive evidence is unavailable. We question whether learners can instead use indirect positive evidence:
evidence drawn from errors in the learner’s L1 made by native speakers of the learner’s L2. We examine if naïve English-speaking
learners of Mandarin can determine from plural omission errors in Mandarin speakers’ English productions that Mandarin marks
plural in a subset of conditions under which English does. Participants were exposed to indirect positive evidence via an
English-medium dialogue where a native Mandarin-speaking interlocutor produced all contextually plural nouns as singulars.
Subsequently, participants learnt 12 Mandarin-like nouns in singular contexts, after which their word learning was tested using
both singular and plural pictures as prompts. Forty percent of participants correctly deduced that strings to which they had
assigned singular interpretations were also appropriate in plural contexts. Follow-up questions revealed that they noticed the
errors in the dialogue and used these to inform their understanding of plural marking in Mandarin. This result suggests that
indirect positive evidence may be an effective tool for real language learners to acquire a grammar that is a subset of their
native grammar.
Review of scaling effects on physical properties and practicalities of cantilever sensors
Authors: Yang C-K , van der Drift E W J M , French P J
Published: July 2022

Reducing sensor dimension is a good way to increase system sensitivity and response. However the advantages gained must be weighed against other effects which also became significant during the scaling process. In this paper, the scaling effect of cantilever sensors from micrometre to nanometre regimes is reviewed. Changes in the physical properties such as Q-factor, Young’s modulus, noise and nonlinear deflections, as well as effects on practical sensor applications such as sensor response and sensor readouts, are presented. Since cantilever is an elemental transducer and device building block, its scaling effects can be further extrapolated to other sensing systems and applications.
Descending from A to B along the quickest path
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: July 2022

A simple experiment is described to compare the descent time between two vertically separated points when an object slides down tracks of varying shape. A surprising result is that the descent time is shortest when it follows a circular track rather than a cycloidal track. Cycloidal tracks are usually predicted to result in the shortest descent time, but only if friction is negligible.
A multi-layer strip ionization chamber (MLSIC) device for proton pencil beam scan quality assurance
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Rao Wei , Chen Qinghao , Tan Yuewen , Smith Winter , Sun Baozhou , Zhou Jun , Chang Chih-Wei , Lin Liyong , Darafsheh Arash , Zhao Tianyu , Zhang Tiezhi
Published: July 2022

Objective. Proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatment fields needs to be verified before treatment deliveries to ensure patient safety. In current practice, treatment beam quality assurance (QA) is measured at a few selected depths using film or a 2D detector array, which is insensitive and time-consuming. A QA device that can measure all key dosimetric characteristics of treatment beams spot-by-spot within a single beam delivery is highly desired. Approach. We developed a multi-layer strip ionization chamber (MLSIC) prototype device that comprises of two layers of strip ionization chambers (IC) plates for spot position measurement and 64 layers of plate IC for beam energy measurement. The 768-channel strip ion chamber signals are integrated and sampled at a speed of 3.125 kHz. It has a 25.6 cm × 25.6 cm maximum measurement field size and 2 mm spatial resolution for spot position measurement. The depth resolution and maximum depth were 2.91 mm and 18.6 cm for 1.6 mm thick IC plate, respectively. The relative weight of each spot was determined from total charge by all IC detector channels. Main results. The MLSIC is able to measure ionization currents spot-by-spot. The depth dose measurement has a good agreement with the ground truth measured using a water tank and commercial one-dimensional (1D) multi-layer plate chamber. It can verify the spot position, energy, and relative weight of clinical PBS beams and compared with the treatment plans. Significance. The MLSIC is a highly efficient QA device that can measure the key dosimetric characteristics of proton treatment beams spot-by-spot with a single beam delivery. It may improve the quality and efficiency of clinical proton treatments.
Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background in the PandaX-4T experiment*
Authors: Huang Zhou , Shen Guofang , Wang Qiuhong , Abdukerim Abdusalam , Bo Zihao , Chen Wei , Chen Xun , Chen Yunhua , Cheng Chen , Cheng Yunshan , Cui Xiangyi , Fan Yingjie , Fang Deqing , Fu Changbo , Fu Mengting , Geng Lisheng , Giboni Karl , Gu Linhui , Guo Xuyuan , Han Chencheng , Han Ke , He Changda , He Jinrong , Huang Di , Huang Yanlin , Hou Ruquan , Ji Xiangdong , Ju Yonglin , Li Chenxiang , Li Mingchuan , Li Shu , Li Shuaijie , Lin Qing , Liu Jianglai , Lu Xiaoying , Luo Lingyin , Ma Wenbo , Ma Yugang , Mao Yajun , Meng Yue , Ning Xuyang , Qi Ningchun , Qian Zhicheng , Ren Xiangxiang , Shaheed Nasir , Shang Changsong , Si Lin , Sun Wenliang , Tan Andi , Tao Yi , Wang Anqing , Wang Meng , Wang Shaobo , Wang Siguang , Wang Wei , Wang Xiuli , Wang Zhou , Wu Mengmeng , Wu Weihao , Xia Jingkai , Xiao Mengjiao , Xiao Xiang , Xie Pengwei , Yan Binbin , Yan Xiyu , Yang Jijun , Yang Yong , Yu Chunxu , Yuan Jumin , Yuan Ying , Zhang Dan , Zhang Minzhen , Zhang Peng , Zhang Tao , Zhao Li , Zheng Qibin , Zhou Jifang , Zhou Ning , Zhou Xiaopeng , Zhou Yong
Published: July 2022

Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background is critical to dark matter searches in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. In this study, we investigate the features of neutron background in liquid xenon and evaluate its contribution in single scattering nuclear recoil events using three methods. The first method is fully based on Monte Carlo simulations. The last two are data-driven methods that also use multiple scattering signals and high energy signals in the data. In the PandaX-4T commissioning data with an exposure of 0.63 tonne-year, all these methods give a consistent result, i.e., there are

neutron-induced backgrounds in the dark matter signal region within an approximated nuclear recoil energy window between 5 and 100 keV.
Future population transgress climatic risk boundaries of extreme temperature and precipitation
Authors: Sano Taichi , Oki Taikan
Published: July 2022

Anthropogenic climate change is influencing the frequencies of extreme weather events. Considering the adaptability to extreme climatic risks in the future, we focused on determining whether humans have been exposed to the risks before. We define the rim of two-dimensional histograms of population under 20-year extreme temperature and precipitation as a climatic risk boundary. More than 30% (16.3%) of world population in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and other regions will transgress the climatic risk boundary by the end of this century under RCP8.5 (RCP2.6) scenario. While many areas with large cities will remain within the global climatic risk boundary, they will transgress their regional climatic risk boundaries. This study shows that it is also necessary to consider the limits to adaptation for each appropriate area, considering the cultural, technological, and social transferability of adaptation. This study will help refine public perceptions of extreme climatic risks and lead to more efficient policy making.
Suppression of charge-density-wave order in TiSe2 studied with high-pressure magnetoresistance
Authors: Moulding Owen , Muramatsu Takaki , Sayers Charles J , Da Como Enrico , Friedemann Sven
Published: July 2022

TiSe2 undergoes charge density wave (CDW) order which can be suppressed under pressure. We use high-resolution electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements to trace the CDW to the highest pressures of any transport study so far. Comparison with previous work shows that the CDW is very sensitive to pressure conditions resulting in a reduced critical pressure in the presence of non-hydrostaticity. Our analysis indicates that in perfect pressure conditions the intrinsic critical pressure might be as high as 5.6 GPa. At the same time, we observe signatures of enhanced scattering linked to the critical pressure, P
CDW. The sensitivity of P
CDW to non-hydrostaticity and the enhanced scattering linked to it raises questions of how the superconductivity induced in TiSe2 under pressure is related to the CDW order.
Approximately multiplicative maps between algebras of bounded operators on Banach spaces
Authors: Choi Yemon , Horváth Bence , Laustsen Niels Jakob
Published: July 2022

We show that for any separable reflexive Banach space

X
X

and a large class of Banach spaces

E
E

, including those with a subsymmetric shrinking basis but also all spaces

L
p

[
0
,
1
]

L_p[0,1]

for

1
≤
p
≤
∞

1\le p \le \infty

, every bounded linear map

B

(
E
)
→

B

(
X
)

\mathcal {B}(E)\to \mathcal {B}(X)

which is approximately multiplicative is necessarily close in the operator norm to some bounded homomorphism

B

(
E
)
→

B

(
X
)

\mathcal {B}(E)\to \mathcal {B}(X)

. That is, the pair

(

B

(
E
)
,

B

(
X
)
)

(\mathcal {B}(E),\mathcal {B}(X))

has the AMNM property in the sense of Johnson [J. London Math. Soc. (2) 37 (1988), pp. 294–316]. Previously this was only known for

E
=
X
=

ℓ
p

E=X=\ell _p

with

1
>
p
>
∞

1>p>\infty

; even for those cases, we improve on the previous methods and obtain better constants in various estimates. A crucial role in our approach is played by a new result, motivated by cohomological techniques, which establishes AMNM properties relative to an amenable subalgebra; this generalizes a theorem of Johnson (op cit.).
Differences Between Semantic and Phonemic Verbal Fluency in Adolescents With Reading Disorders
Authors: Kavé Gitit , Sapir-Yogev Smadar
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to examine which verbal fluency task is most useful in assessing adolescents with reading disorders (RD).

Method

Eighty-three Hebrew-speaking adolescents (ages 12–15), 42 of them with RD, completed semantic and phonemic fluency tasks, and their scores were converted to standardized scores according to population norms.

Results

Scores on the semantic task were similar in the RD and the control group, unlike scores on the phonemic task, which were significantly lower in the RD group. The RD group demonstrated higher semantic than phonemic scores, unlike the control group whose standardized scores on both tasks were similar. Phonemic but not semantic fluency scores predicted spelling scores within the RD group.

Conclusions

Adolescents with RD have no difficulty on a semantic fluency task, but perform below expected age-matched levels on the phonemic fluency task. To document this task-difference, practitioners must administer both fluency tasks when assessing RD.
The K-mer File Format: a standardized and compact disk representation of sets ofk-mers
Authors: Dufresne Yoann , Lemane Teo , Marijon Pierre , Peterlongo Pierre , Rahman Amatur , Kokot Marek , Medvedev Paul , Deorowicz Sebastian , Chikhi Rayan
Published: July 2022

Bioinformatics applications increasingly rely on ad hoc disk storage of k-mer sets, e.g. for de Bruijn graphs or alignment indexes. Here, we introduce the K-mer File Format as a general lossless framework for storing and manipulating k-mer sets, realizing space savings of 3–5× compared to other formats, and bringing interoperability across tools.

Availability and implementation

Format specification, C++/Rust API, tools: https://github.com/Kmer-File-Format/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Antivirals With Activity Against Mpox: A Clinically Oriented Review
Authors: Siegrist Emily A , Sassine Joseph
Published: July 2022

Mpox virus is an emergent human pathogen. While it is less lethal than smallpox, it can still cause significant morbidity and mortality. In this review, we explore 3 antiviral agents with activity against mpox and other orthopoxviruses: cidofovir, brincidofovir, and tecovirimat. Cidofovir, and its prodrug brincidofovir, are inhibitors of DNA replication with a broad spectrum of activity against multiple families of double-stranded DNA viruses. Tecovirimat has more specific activity against orthopoxviruses and inhibits the formation of the extracellular enveloped virus necessary for cell-to-cell transmission. For each agent, we review basic pharmacology, data from animal models, and reported experience in human patients.
Size at Birth, Postnatal Growth, and Reproductive Timing in an Australian Microbat
Authors: Eastick D L , Griffiths S R , Yen J D L , Robert K A
Published: July 2022

Synopsis

Reproductive phenology, size at birth, and postnatal growth are important life history traits that reflect parental investment. The ability to document detailed changes in these traits can be a valuable tool in the identification and management of at-risk wildlife populations. We examined reproductive traits in a common, widespread Australian microbat, Chalinolobus gouldii, at two sites over two years and derived growth curves and age estimation equations which will be useful in the study of how intrinsic and extrinsic factors alter parental investment strategies. We found that male and female offspring did not differ significantly in their size at birth or their postnatal growth rates. Bats born in 2018 were smaller at birth but grew at a faster rate than those born in 2017. When date of birth was compared across sites and years, we found bats born in 2018 had a later median birthdate (by 18 days) and births were more widespread than those born in 2017. Cooler and wetter weather during late gestation (Nov) in 2018 may have prolonged gestation and delayed births. With many bats facing threatening processes it is important to study reproductive plasticity in common and widespread “model” species, which may assist in the conservation and management of threatened microbats with similar reproductive traits.
Comparing “people-like-me” and linear mixed model predictions of functional recovery following knee arthroplasty
Authors: Graber Jeremy , Kittelson Andrew , Juarez-Colunga Elizabeth , Jin Xin , Bade Michael , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer
Published: July 2022

Objective

Prediction models can be useful tools for monitoring patient status and personalizing treatment in health care. The goal of this study was to compare the relative strengths and weaknesses of 2 different approaches for predicting functional recovery after knee arthroplasty: a neighbors-based “people-like-me” (PLM) approach and a linear mixed model (LMM) approach.

Materials and Methods

We used 2 distinct datasets to train and then test PLM and LMM prediction approaches for functional recovery following knee arthroplasty. We used the Timed Up and Go (TUG)—a common test of mobility—to operationalize physical function. Both approaches used patient characteristics and baseline postoperative TUG values to predict TUG recovery from days 1–425 following surgery. We then compared the accuracy and precision of PLM and LMM predictions.

Results

A total of 317 patient records with 1379 TUG observations were used to train PLM and LMM approaches, and 456 patient records with 1244 TUG observations were used to test the predictions. The approaches performed similarly in terms of mean squared error and bias, but the PLM approach provided more accurate and precise estimates of prediction uncertainty.

Discussion and Conclusion

Overall, the PLM approach more accurately and precisely predicted TUG recovery following knee arthroplasty. These results suggest PLM predictions may be more clinically useful for monitoring recovery and personalizing care following knee arthroplasty. However, clinicians and organizations seeking to use predictions in practice should consider additional factors (eg, resource requirements) when selecting a prediction approach.
Travel-associated extensively drug-resistant typhoid fever: a case series to inform management in non-endemic regions
Authors: Posen H Joshua , Wong Waison , Farrar Daniel S , Campigotto Aaron , Chan Tiffany , Barker Kevin R , Hagmann Stefan H F , Ryan Edward T , LaRocque Regina C , Earl Ashlee M , Worby Colin J , Castelli Francesco , Fumadó Victoria Pérez , Britton Philip N , Libman Michael , Hamer Davidson H , Morris Shaun K
Published: July 2022

Background

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid fever is a threat to travelers to Pakistan. We describe a multicontinental case series of travel-acquired XDR typhoid fever to demonstrate the global spread of the problem and encourage preventive interventions as well as appropriate empiric antimicrobial use.

Methods

Cases were extracted from the GeoSentinel database, microbiologic laboratory records of two large hospitals in Toronto, Canada, and by invitation to TropNet sites. All isolates were confirmed XDR Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi), with resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole.

Results

Seventeen cases were identified in Canada (10), USA (2), Spain (2), Italy (1), Australia (1) and Norway (1). Patients under 18 years represented 71% (12/17) of cases, and all patients travelled to Pakistan to visit friends or relatives. Only one patient is known to have been vaccinated. Predominant symptoms were fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea. Antimicrobial therapy was started on Day 1 of presentation in 75% (12/16) of patients, and transition to a carbapenem or azithromycin occurred a median of 2 days after blood culture was drawn. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were consistent with the XDR S. typhi phenotype, and whole genome sequencing on three isolates confirmed their belonging to the XDR variant of the H58 clade.

Conclusions

XDR typhoid fever is a particular risk for travelers to Pakistan, and empiric use of a carbapenem or azithromycin should be considered. Pre-travel typhoid vaccination and counseling are necessary and urgent interventions, especially for visiting friends and relatives travelers. Ongoing sentinel surveillance of XDR typhoid fever is needed to understand changing epidemiology.
The dichotomy between low-frequency-peaked BL Lacs and flat-spectrum radio quasars
Authors: Cheng Y P , Kang S J , Zheng Y G
Published: July 2022

By comparing the Fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope active galactic nuclei (AGNs) Catalog Data Release 2 (4LAC-DR2) and the Radio Fundamental Catalog (RFC-2021b), we obtain an AGN sample containing 2816 AGNs. We calculate the γ-ray loudness (Gγ) of the sample sources, and establish the relevant relationship between several gamma/radio properties. The results show that: 1) the synchrotron peak frequency ($\nu _\mathrm{peak}^S$) strongly correlates with the γ-ray photon spectral index (Γγ), γ-ray luminosity (Lγ), and radio luminosity (LR); 2) the low-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs) and the flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) partially overlap in log $\nu _\mathrm{peak}^S\!-\!\Gamma _\gamma$, log Lγ–Γγ, log LR–Γγ, log Gγ–Γγ, log $\nu _\mathrm{peak}^S\!-\!$log Lγ, log $\nu _\mathrm{peak}^S\!-\!$log LR, and log $\nu _\mathrm{peak}^S\!-\!$log Gγ space. We plotted the distribution of redshift (z), $\nu _\mathrm{peak}^S$, Γγ, Lγ, VLBI 8.4 GHz flux density ($S_{\rm {8.4\, GHz}}$), and Gγ to distinguish FSRQs and LBLs. We note that $\nu _\mathrm{peak}^S$, Γγ, and $S_{8.4\, {\rm GHz}}$ show similar bimodal distributions. To further determine whether FSRQs are misjudged as LBLs, we examined the Compton dominance (CD), and found that CD < 1 for only two out of 39 sources. This measurement provides further evidence that FSRQs may be mistaken for LBLs.
Impact of H2-driven star formation and stellar feedback from low-enrichment environments on the formation of spiral galaxies
Authors: Valentini Milena , Dolag Klaus , Borgani Stefano , Murante Giuseppe , Maio Umberto , Tornatore Luca , Granato Gian Luigi , Ragone-Figueroa Cinthia , Burkert Andreas , Ragagnin Antonio , Rasia Elena
Published: July 2022

The reservoir of molecular gas (H2) represents the fuel for the star formation (SF) of a galaxy. Connecting the star formation rate (SFR) to the available H2 is key to accurately model SF in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation. We investigate how modifying the underlying modelling of H2 and the description of stellar feedback in low-metallicity environments (LMF, i.e. low-metallicity stellar feedback) in cosmological zoomed-in simulations of a Milky Way-size halo influences the formation history of the forming, spiral galaxy, and its final properties. We exploit two different models to compute the molecular fraction of cold gas ($f_{\rm H_{2}}$): (i) the theoretical model by Krumholz et al. (2009b) and (ii) the phenomenological prescription by Blitz and Rosolowsky (2006). We find that the model adopted to estimate $f_{\rm H_{2}}$ plays a key role in determining final properties and in shaping the morphology of the galaxy. The clumpier interstellar medium (ISM) and the more complex H2 distribution that the Krumholz et al. model predicts result in better agreement with observations of nearby disc galaxies. This shows how crucial it is to link the SFR to the physical properties of the star-forming, molecular ISM. The additional source of energy that LMF supplies in a metal-poor ISM is key in controlling SF at high redshift and in regulating the reservoir of SF across cosmic time. Not only is LMF able to regulate cooling properties of the ISM, but it also reduces the stellar mass of the galaxy bulge. These findings can foster the improvement of the numerical modelling of SF in cosmological simulations.
The bluetides mock image catalogue: simulated observations of high-redshift galaxies and predictions for JWST imaging surveys
Authors: Marshall Madeline A , Watts Katelyn , Wilkins Stephen , Matteo Tiziana Di , Kuusisto Jussi K , Roper William J , Vijayan Aswin P , Ni Yueying , Feng Yu , Croft Rupert A C
Published: July 2022

We present a mock image catalogue of ∼100 000 MUV ≃ −22.5 to −19.6 mag galaxies at z = 7–12 from the bluetides cosmological simulation. We create mock images of each galaxy with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Hubble, Roman, and Euclid Space Telescopes, as well as Subaru, and VISTA, with a range of near- and mid-infrared filters. We perform photometry on the mock images to estimate the success of these instruments for detecting high-z galaxies. We predict that JWST will have unprecedented power in detecting high-z galaxies, with a 95 per cent completeness limit at least 2.5 mag fainter than VISTA and Subaru, 1.1 mag fainter than Hubble, and 0.9 mag fainter than Roman, for the same wavelength and exposure time. Focusing on JWST, we consider a range of exposure times and filters, and find that the NIRCam F356W and F277W filters will detect the faintest galaxies, with 95 per cent completeness at m ≃ 27.4 mag in 10-ks exposures. We also predict the number of high-z galaxies that will be discovered by upcoming JWST imaging surveys. We predict that the COSMOS-Web survey will detect ∼1000 M1500 Å < −20.1 mag galaxies at 6.5 < z < 7.5, by virtue of its large survey area. JADES-Medium will detect almost $100{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of M1500 Å ≲ −20 mag galaxies at z < 8.5 due to its significant depth, however, with its smaller survey area it will detect only ∼100 of these galaxies at 6.5 < z < 7.5. Cosmic variance results in a large range in the number of predicted galaxies each survey will detect, which is more evident in smaller surveys such as CEERS and the PEARLS NEP and GOODS-S fields.
Repeat Dynamics across Timescales: A Perspective from Sibling Allotetraploid Marsh Orchids (Dactylorhiza majaliss.l.)
Authors: Eriksson Mimmi C , Mandáková Terezie , McCann Jamie , Temsch Eva M , Chase Mark W , Hedrén Mikael , Weiss-Schneeweiss Hanna , Paun Ovidiu
Published: July 2022

To provide insights into the fate of transposable elements (TEs) across timescales in a post-polyploidization context, we comparatively investigate five sibling Dactylorhiza allotetraploids (Orchidaceae) formed independently and sequentially between 500 and 100K generations ago by unidirectional hybridization between diploids D. fuchsii and D. incarnata. Our results first reveal that the paternal D. incarnata genome shows a marked increased content of LTR retrotransposons compared to the maternal species, reflected in its larger genome size and consistent with a previously hypothesized bottleneck. With regard to the allopolyploids, in the youngest D. purpurella both genome size and TE composition appear to be largely additive with respect to parents, whereas for polyploids of intermediate ages we uncover rampant genome expansion on a magnitude of multiple entire genomes of some plants such as Arabidopsis. The oldest allopolyploids in the series are not larger than the intermediate ones. A putative tandem repeat, potentially derived from a non-autonomous miniature inverted-repeat TE (MITE) drives much of the genome dynamics in the allopolyploids. The highly dynamic MITE-like element is found in higher proportions in the maternal diploid, D. fuchsii, but is observed to increase in copy number in both subgenomes of the allopolyploids. Altogether, the fate of repeats appears strongly regulated and therefore predictable across multiple independent allopolyploidization events in this system. Apart from the MITE-like element, we consistently document a mild genomic shock following the allopolyploidizations investigated here, which may be linked to their relatively large genome sizes, possibly associated with strong selection against further genome expansions.
DNA circuits compatible encoder and demultiplexer based on a single biomolecular platform with DNA strands as outputs
Authors: Xie Tianci , Deng Yuhan , Zhang Jiarui , Zhang Zhen , Hu Zhe , Wu Tongbo
Published: July 2022

A series of multiple logic circuits based on a single biomolecular platform is constructed to perform nonarithmetic and arithmetic functions, including 4-to-2 encoder, 1-to-2 demultiplexer, 1-to-4 demultiplexer, and multi-input OR gate. The encoder to a DNA circuit is the equivalent of a sensory receptor to a reflex arc. They all function to encode information from outside the pathway (DNA circuit or reflex arc) into a form that subsequent pathways can recognize and utilize. Current molecular encoders are based on optical or electrical signals as outputs, while DNA circuits are based on DNA strands as transmission signals. The output of existing encoders cannot be recognized by subsequent DNA circuits. It is the first time the DNA-based encoder with DNA strands as outputs can be truly applied to the DNA circuit, enabling the application of DNA circuits in non-binary biological environments. Another novel feature of the designed system is that the developed nanodevices all have a simple structure, low leakage and low crosstalk, which allows them to implement higher-level encoders and demultiplexers easily. Our work is based on the idea of complex functionality in a simple form, which will also provide a new route for developing advanced molecular logic circuits.
The APC/CTAD1-WIDE LEAF 1-NARROW LEAF 1 pathway controls leaf width in rice
Authors: You Jing , Xiao Wenwen , Zhou Yue , Shen Wenqiang , Ye Li , Yu Peng , Yu Guoling , Duan Qiannan , Zhang Xinfang , He Zhifeng , Xiang Yan , Sang Xianchun , Li Yunfeng , Zhao Fangming , Ling Yinghua , He Guanghua , Zhang Ting
Published: July 2022

Leaf morphology is one of the most important features of the ideal plant architecture. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling this feature in crops remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) wide leaf 1 (wl1) mutant, which has wider leaves than the wild-type due to more vascular bundles and greater distance between small vascular bundles. WL1 encodes a Cys-2/His-2-type zinc finger protein that interacts with Tillering and Dwarf 1 (TAD1), a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) (a multi-subunit E3 ligase). The APC/CTAD1 complex degrades WL1 via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation pathway. Loss-of-function of TAD1 resulted in plants with narrow leaves due to reduced vascular bundle numbers and distance between the small vascular bundles. Interestingly, we found that WL1 negatively regulated the expression of a narrow leaf gene, NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1), by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEIN and directly binding to the NAL1 regulatory region to inhibit its expression by reducing the chromatin histone acetylation. Furthermore, biochemical and genetic analyses revealed that TAD1, WL1, and NAL1 operated in a common pathway to control the leaf width. Our study establishes an important framework for understanding the APC/CTAD1–WL1–NAL1 pathway-mediated control of leaf width in rice, and provides insights for improving crop plant architecture.