bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linked digital archives and the historical publishing world: An Australasian perspective
Authors: Bones Helen
Published: February 2019

The ARCHIVER project (Angus & Robertson Collection for Humanities and Education Research), based at Western Sydney University, is developing a model for curating digitally accessible versions of print‐based manuscript collections that has the potential to transform humanities research. Using structured, linked metadata concepts, “Linked Archives” allows archival collections to be connected in new ways and facilitates complex meta‐analyses of associated data between and across these collections to achieve results that would be impossible using traditional methods alone. Our current dataset consists of the records of key Australasian publishing companies from the 20th century. This paper will demonstrate the potential of this approach, when applied to this dataset, for examining the underlying infrastructure and networks of the book trade, and thus the creation of literary culture in Australasia and beyond.
Psychiatric nursing staffs’ attitudes towards the use of containment methods in psychiatric inpatient care: An integrative review
Authors: Laukkanen Emilia , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Louheranta Olavi , Kuosmanen Lauri
Published: February 2019

One of the international objectives in psychiatric care is reducing the use of coercion. Containment methods are meant to keep patients safe, yet usually include coercion. Nurses play a key role in deciding whether or not containment should be used and, as such, their attitudes towards containment can significantly impact the extent to which these methods are applied. The aim of this integrative review was to identify, analyse, and synthesize the available research on psychiatric nursing staffs’ attitudes towards containment methods in inpatient psychiatric care. An electronic search was conducted using the CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. In addition, the citations of identified studies were screened for relevant research. A total of 24 relevant papers published between 2002 and 2017 were selected for further analysis. These studies revealed variation in nursing staffs’ attitudes towards the use of containment methods. The use of containment methods seems to be widely accepted and nurses reported rarely considering alternative measures. It appears that attitudes towards containment have continuously become more negative, although the change has not been very pronounced. The concept of attitude was only defined in two studies. Thus, future research should strive to clarify this concept, as a generally accepted definition for attitude within nursing research and the utilization of all dimensions of this concept are both essential to the nursing field. Currently, it would be important to focus on changing attitudes among psychiatric nursing staff to reduce the use of containment methods; this calls for more research on nursing staffs’ attitudes.
Influence of atmospheres on the dielectric properties of calcium copper titanate ceramics
Authors: Samarakoon Disna P. , Govindaraju Nirmal , Singh Raj N.
Published: February 2019

Calcium Copper Titanate Ceramics (CaCu3Ti4O12; CCTO) are useful as capacitors because of the large dielectric constant. This study investigated the effect of testing atmospheres such as air and dry N2 on the stability and reproducibility of the electrical properties displayed by CCTO ceramics. Solid‐state reaction method is used to synthesize phase pure CCTO powders, which are used to fabricate dense samples by sintering. Samples with different microstructures are obtained by sintering at different temperatures of 1070 and 1100°C. AC impedance spectroscopy is used to study the effects of testing atmospheres, temperatures, microstructures, and frequency on the dielectric properties of the sintered samples. Highly irreproducible dielectric properties are observed upon testing in ambient conditions. Stable and reproducible dielectric properties are only obtained in dry N2. Re‐exposing the same CCTO samples back into ambient air after treating in dry N2 restored irreproducibility. The results from this study suggested that the role of moisture/air in the ambient on the dielectric properties should not be over‐looked and is expected to play a key role in controlling the stability of dielectric properties of CCTO. This new approach of characterizing the CCTO ceramics can be used as guidelines to eliminate hysteresis due to ambient atmosphere and to produce stable and reproducible dielectric properties useful as capacitors.
Role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Handong , Zhou Xiaoming , Mao Lei , Ding Ke , Hu Zhigang
Published: February 2019

Previous studies have suggested that the cellular Ca2+ and iron homeostasis, which can be regulated by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and many neurological diseases. However, little is known about the role of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Under physiological conditions, MCU can be inhibited by ruthenium red (RR) and activated by spermine (Sper). In the present study, we used RR and Sper to reveal the role of MCU in mouse and neuron TBI models. Our results suggested that the Ca2+ and iron concentrations were obviously increased after TBI. In addition, TBI models showed a significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), deformation of mitochondria, up‐regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and increase in apoptosis. Blockage of MCU by RR prevented Ca2+ and iron accumulation, abated the level of oxidative stress, improved the energy supply, stabilized mitochondria, reduced DNA damage and decreased apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, Sper did not increase cellular Ca2+ and iron concentrations, but suppressed the Ca2+ and iron accumulation to benefit the mice in vivo. However, Sper had no significant impact on TBI in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrated for the first time that blockage of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation was essential for TBI. These findings indicated that MCU could be a novel therapeutic target for treating TBI.
Effect of mHealth in improving oral hygiene: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Toniazzo Mirian P. , Nodari Daniela , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Weidlich Patricia
Published: February 2019

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile applications and text messages, compared with conventional oral hygiene instructions, for improving oral health knowledge and/or reducing gingival inflammation, when delivered to adolescents, adults and mothers of young children.

Methods

Randomized clinical trials evaluating the use of mobile applications or text messages related to oral hygiene and/or oral health education were screened. A search was performed in the Medline‐PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases and the grey literature. The eligible studies comprised those related to plaque, gingival bleeding and/or oral health knowledge as outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool and the GRADE system. Two meta‐analyses were carried out.

Results

Among the fifteen studies selected, twelve (80%) used text messages and thirteen (87%) showed better results when mobile technology was used. The pooled SMD for the dental plaque index (n = 10 studies) was −9.43 (95% CI −14.36 to −4.495; I2 = 99%, p < 0.001), and that of gingival bleeding (n = 7 studies) was −8.54 (95% CI −13.16 to −3.91; I2 = 99%, p < 0.001), indicating significant improvement in dental plaque control and gingival bleeding for groups that received the mobile health (mHealth) strategy.

Conclusion

mHealth can be used as an adjunct component in managing gingivitis, acquiring oral health knowledge and improving oral hygiene.
Gaseous ozone: A potent pest management strategy to control Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) infesting green gram
Authors: Pandiselvam Ravi , Thirupathi Venkatachalam , Mohan Striramasarma , Vennila Palanisamy , Uma Doraiswamy , Shahir Sultan , Anandakumar Sugumar
Published: February 2019

Extending the storage life of legumes by protecting it from the Callosobruchus maculatus infestation is a major concern for the producers, processors and exporters. Legume processing industry requires “greener” alternatives to the conventional fumigants. Gaseous ozone has a great potential as an insect management strategy that is suited for this niche. Nevertheless, the efficacy of ozone against C. maculatus is yet unknown. A laboratory study was conducted to test the insecticidal effect of ozone in controlling the infestation of C. maculatus in green gram. We have determined the concentration of ozone exposure time–mortality relationship for all the stages of C. maculatus that were exposed to 500–1,500 ppmv ozone. The percentages of mortality for different stages of C. maculatus increased with the increase in ozone concentration and exposure time. It was documented that adult stage is least tolerant to ozone (500 ppmv for 274.40 min exposure required to kill 90%), whereas the most tolerant stage is pupa (500 ppmv for 1816.54 min is required to kill 90%). The results indicate that gaseous ozone is the attractive alternative to the synthetic fumigants.
A Practical Approach to Assessing and Mitigating Loneliness and Isolation in Older Adults
Authors: Perissinotto Carla , Holt‐Lunstad Julianne , Periyakoil Vyjeyanthi S. , Covinsky Ken
Published: February 2019

Loneliness and social isolation are strongly associated with several adverse health outcomes in older persons including death and functional impairments. The strength of these associations has been compared with smoking. Accordingly, loneliness and isolation have significant public health implications.

Despite the adverse impacts of loneliness and social isolation on quality of life, and their strong association with health outcomes, the evaluation of loneliness and isolation have not been integrated into medical care. The risks for loneliness may be of particular concern to persons with serious illness as patients and caregivers cope with the experience of loss, loss of independence, and increasing care needs. To date, there has been no uniform way of evaluating and documenting loneliness and social isolation as a part of a review of a patient's social determinants of health.

This article provides a framework for healthcare systems, providers, and community members working with older adults to (1) understand loneliness, isolation, and its counterpart social connection; (2) describe the different ways loneliness affects health; and (3) create a framework for asking about and documenting these experiences. Finally, because the lack of studies assessing whether targeting loneliness can improve health outcomes is a major gap, we provide guidance on the future of interventions. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:657–662, 2019.
Venture Capital and Capital Allocation
Authors: PIACENTINO GIORGIA
Published: February 2019

I show that venture capitalists' motivation to build reputation can have beneficial effects in the primary market, mitigating information frictions and helping firms go public. Because uninformed reputation‐motivated venture capitalists want to appear informed, they are biased against backing firms—by not backing firms, they avoid taking low‐value firms to market, which would ultimately reveal their lack of information. In equilibrium, reputation‐motivated venture capitalists back relatively few bad firms, creating a certification effect that mitigates information frictions. However, they also back relatively few good firms, and thus, reputation motivation decreases welfare when good firms are abundant or profitable.
High‐Frequency Trading around Large Institutional Orders
Authors: VAN KERVEL VINCENT , MENKVELD ALBERT J.
Published: February 2019

Liquidity suppliers lean against the wind. We analyze whether high‐frequency traders (HFTs) lean against large institutional orders that execute through a series of child orders. The alternative is HFTs trading with the wind, that is, in the same direction. We find that HFTs initially lean against these orders but eventually change direction and take positions in the same direction for the most informed institutional orders. Our empirical findings are consistent with investors trading strategically on their information. When deciding trade intensity, they seem to trade off higher speculative profits against higher risk of being detected and preyed on by HFTs.
Diversity of Board Interlocks and the Impact on Technological Exploration: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Mingxiang
Published: February 2019

Scholars have given increased attention to organizational networks as an important component of technological innovation. Although a significant body of research has examined the implications of organizational networks on knowledge diffusion, researchers know little about the impacts that diverse network interlocks have on corporate innovation outputs. To address this gap in the literature, this article draws upon insights from organizational learning and social network theory and argues that interlocked networks affect corporate innovation. Further, interlocks differ in terms of both the heterogeneity of tied‐to firms—ties created through shared board directors—and the directors who create these ties. Accordingly, this study proposes that more diverse interlocks will have a greater impact on corporate technological exploration. To test this proposal, data from multiple sources were analyzed, including historical records of board appointments and data on technological innovations from U.S. public companies. Empirical results from generalized estimating equations suggest that the industrial diversity of interlocked firms increases the likelihood of technological exploration. Moreover, interlocks with R&D‐intensive firms are more important for technological exploration than those created by firms that do not invest heavily in R&D. There is no empirical evidence demonstrating that the ratio of interlocks created by directors with output‐oriented experience enhances technological exploration. Overall, this research reveals that diversity of leader‐created board interlocks can be an important mechanism for fostering corporate entrepreneurial activities such as technological exploration.
Leucine‐induced promotion of post‐absorptive EAA utilization and hepatic gluconeogenesis contributes to protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of dairy calves
Authors: Zheng Chen , Yao Junhu , Guo Long , Cao Yangchun , Liang Ziqi , Yang Xinjian , Cai Chuanjiang
Published: February 2019

The high rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of dairy calves can benefit their first lactation even lifetime milk yield. Since the rate of protein synthesis is relatively low in the post‐absorptive state, the aim of this research was to determine whether leucine supplementation could increase the post‐absorptive essential amino acid (EAA) utilization and protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle. Ten male neonatal dairy calves (38 ± 3 kg) were randomly assigned to either the control (CON, no leucine supplementation, n = 5) or supplementation with 1.435 g leucine/L milk (LEU, n = 5). Results showed that leucine significantly increased the length and protein concentration in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, whereas it decreased creatinine concentration and glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity. Compared to the control group, leucine supplementation also reduced the glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity. Supplementation of leucine improved the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E‐binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and substrates ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K). Supplementation of leucine resulted in increased concentrations of glucose, methionine, threonine, histidine and EAAs and decreased concentration of arginine in serum. Liver glucose concentration was higher and pyranic acid was lower in LEU compared to CON. In conclusion, leucine supplementation can promote post‐absorptive EAA utilization and hepatic gluconeogenesis, which contributes to protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of dairy calves.
Inference for the Lagged Cross‐Covariance Operator Between Functional Time Series
Authors: Rice Gregory , Shum Marco
Published: February 2019

When considering two or more time series of functional data objects, for instance those derived from densely observed intraday stock price data of several companies, the empirical cross‐covariance operator is of fundamental importance due to its role in functional lagged regression and exploratory data analysis. Despite its relevance, statistical procedures for measuring the significance of such estimators are currently undeveloped. We present methodology based on a functional central limit theorem for conducting statistical inference for the cross‐covariance operator estimated between two stationary, weakly dependent, functional time series. Specifically, we consider testing the null hypothesis that the two series possess a specified cross‐covariance structure at a given lag. Since this test assumes that the series are jointly stationary, we also develop a change‐point detection procedure to validate this assumption of independent interest. The most imposing technical hurdle in implementing the proposed tests involves estimating the spectrum of a high dimensional spectral density operator at frequency zero. We propose a simple dimension reduction procedure based on functional principal component analysis to achieve this, which is shown to perform well in a simulation study. We illustrate the proposed methodology with an application to densely observed intraday price data of stocks listed on the New York stock exchange‐20.40
Comparative pathophysiology and management of protein‐losing enteropathy
Authors: Craven Melanie D. , Washabau Robert J.
Published: February 2019

Protein‐losing enteropathy, or PLE, is not a disease but a syndrome that develops in numerous disease states of differing etiologies and often involving the lymphatic system, such as lymphangiectasia and lymphangitis in dogs. The pathophysiology of lymphatic disease is incompletely understood, and the disease is challenging to manage. Understanding of PLE mechanisms requires knowledge of lymphatic system structure and function, which are reviewed here. The mechanisms of enteric protein loss in PLE are identical in dogs and people, irrespective of the underlying cause. In people, PLE is usually associated with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, suspected to arise from genetic susceptibility, or “idiopathic” lymphatic vascular obstruction. In dogs, PLE is most often a feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and less frequently intestinal lymphangiectasia, although it is not proven which process is the true driving defect. In cats, PLE is relatively rare. Review of the veterinary literature (1977‐2018) reveals that PLE was life‐ending in 54.2% of dogs compared to published disease‐associated deaths in IBD of <20%, implying that PLE is not merely a continuum of IBD spectrum pathophysiology. In people, diet is the cornerstone of management, whereas dogs are often treated with immunosuppression for causes of PLE including lymphangiectasia, lymphangitis, and crypt disease. Currently, however, there is no scientific, extrapolated, or evidence‐based support for an autoimmune or immune‐mediated mechanism. Moreover, people with PLE have disease‐associated loss of immune function, including lymphopenia, severe CD4+ T‐cell depletion, and negative vaccinal titers. Comparison of PLE in people and dogs is undertaken here, and theories in treatment of PLE are presented.
Bridging the cultural divide? Exploring school pupils’ perceptions of medicine
Authors: Alexander Kirsty , Cleland Jennifer , Nicholson Sandra
Published: February 2019

Context

Literature published around a decade ago demonstrated that UK individuals from non‐traditional groups may not consider, or aspire to, medicine because of sociocultural barriers and instead may perceive medicine as ‘not for the likes of me’. Since this time, the UK higher education landscape has undergone significant change, with an increased emphasis on student choice and widening access (WA) initiatives. Consequently, the present study looks anew at the perceptions of medicine held by school pupils from non‐traditional backgrounds to assess whether sociocultural factors remain a major barrier to medicine.

Methods

Focus groups were conducted with 71 high‐achieving school pupils in their penultimate or final years (aged 16–18 years). Participants attended UK state‐funded schools engaged with medical school WA initiatives. Transcripts were analysed thematically using a data‐driven approach. Themes were then interpreted through the conceptual lens of the ‘reflexive habitus’, an adapted version of Bourdieu's classic concept.

Results

Participants did not perceive that sociocultural differences would deter them from aspiring to, or pursuing, the career of their choice. Some participants identified their ‘different’ background as a strength to bring to medicine. They reported that intrinsic motivators (personal interest and fulfilment) were most important in their own career choices. When asked what they believed might have motivated current medical students for the career, participants debated the role of extrinsic motivators (high status and income) versus intrinsic ones. ‘Hot knowledge’ (social contacts) from within medicine helped some participants reconcile any clash in perceived values and better imagine themselves in the profession.

Conclusions

These non‐traditional school pupils from schools engaged with WA initiatives appear to have embraced the belief that medicine is for anyone with the appropriate desire and ability, regardless of background. Furthermore, some pupils reported that some aspects of their ‘difference’ (diversity) could help enrich the workforce and patient care.
Pneumocephalus due to meningitis extending from sphenoid sinusitis: Case report and review of literatures
Authors: Nomura Motohiro , Baba Eiichi , Shirokane Kazutaka , Tsuchiya Atsushi
Published: February 2019

Pneumocephalus induced by meningitis extending from sphenoid sinusitis is rare. We describe the radiological and clinical characterisitics of pneumocephalus induced by meningitis in our case and previously reported cases. A 21‐year‐old man experienced headache and fever. Radiological examination revealed intracranial air and fluid collection in the sphenoid sinus. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed increased neutrophils and decreased glucose, indicating meningitis. No bacteria were detected by culture. The intravenous administration of antibiotics improved his symptoms and radiological abnormalities. In this case, pneumocephalus was considered to have been induced by bacteria invading from the sphenoid sinus. The review of eight cases including ours revealed that good outcome may be expected in a cases for prompt treatment is performed. In patients with pneumocephalus and meningitis extending from sphenoid sinusitis, prompt treatment using antibiotics is necessary.
Mutation of Mediator subunit CDK8 counteracts the stunted growth and salicylic acid hyperaccumulation phenotypes of an Arabidopsis MED5 mutant
Authors: Mao Xiangying , Kim Jeong Im , Wheeler Mitchell T. , Heintzelman Anne K. , Weake Vikki M. , Chapple Clint
Published: February 2019

The Mediator complex functions as a hub for transcriptional regulation. MED5, an Arabidopsis Mediator tail subunit, is required for maintaining phenylpropanoid homeostasis. A semidominant mutation (ref4‐3) that causes a single amino acid substitution in MED5b functions as a strong suppressor of the pathway, leading to decreased soluble phenylpropanoid accumulation, reduced lignin content and dwarfism. By contrast, loss of MED5 results in increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids.

We used a reverse genetic approach to identify suppressors of ref4‐3 and found that ref4‐3 requires CDK8, a kinase module subunit of Mediator, to repress plant growth. The genetic interaction between MED5 and CDK8 was further characterized using mRNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) and metabolite analysis.

Growth inhibition and suppression of phenylpropanoid metabolism can be genetically separated in ref4‐3 by elimination of CDK8 kinase activity; however, the stunted growth of ref4‐3 is not dependent on the phosphorylation event introduced by the G383S mutation. In addition, rather than perturbation of lignin biosynthesis, misregulation of DJC66, a gene encoding a DNAJ protein, is involved in the dwarfism of the med5 mutants.

Together, our study reveals genetic interactions between Mediator tail and kinase module subunits and enhances our understanding of dwarfing in phenylpropanoid pathway mutants.
Pollination effectiveness in a generalist plant: adding the genetic component
Authors: Valverde Javier , Perfectti Francisco , Gómez José María
Published: February 2019

The pollination effectiveness of a flower visitor has traditionally been measured as the product of a quantity component that depends on the frequency of interaction and a quality component that measures the per‐visit effects on plant reproduction. We propose that this could be complemented with a genetic component informing about each pollinator's contribution to the genetic diversity and composition of the plant progeny.

We measured the quantity and quality components of effectiveness of most pollinator functional groups of the generalist herb Erysimum mediohispanicum. We used 10 microsatellite markers to calculate the genetic component as the diversity of sires among siblings and included it into the calculation of the pollination effectiveness.

Functional groups varied in the quantity and quality components, which were shown to be decoupled. Functional groups also differed in the genetic component. This component changed the estimates of pollination effectiveness, increasing the differences between some functional groups and modifying the pollination effectiveness landscape.

We demonstrate that including the genetic component in the calculation of the pollination effectiveness may allow a more complete quantification of the contribution of each pollinator to the reproductive success of a plant, providing information on its mating patterns and long‐term fitness.
Multifunctional land‐use value mapping and space type classification: A case study of Puge County, China
Authors: Peng Li , Wang Xuxi , Chen Tiantian
Published: February 2019

Land exhibits diverse functions under the combined influence of natural and human forces. A production–living–ecology functional classification system was constructed by integrating land, ecosystem, and landscape functions. The land functional value was calculated by systematically integrating ecosystem service value assessments. The primary and secondary functions, as well as combinations of different land‐use types, were determined using vertical and horizontal comparison methods. The production–living–ecology ranges were then delineated in Puge County, which is a typical mountain county in China. The production–living–ecology functions identified were well connected with the current land‐use types. The “production–living–ecology” space in Puge County showed obvious multifunctionality and agglomeration. The function identification system proposed in this paper integrated multiple methods, overcame the difficulty of direct quantitative identification of land functions. The methods used to map and quantify land function will enhance our ability to understand and model land system changes and adequately inform policies and planning.

Summary for Managers

The function valuation method constructed in this paper could be used to reflect the multifunctionality and importance of land use and provide guidance and a quantitative basis for regional development planning.

The spatial classification results provided in this paper could offer a valuable reference for the land management department to scientifically formulate land use planning.

Under the goal of creating a group‐type urban development pattern and constructing an ecological protection pattern in Puge County, the hotspot analysis results of this paper can provide decision‐making tools and alternative spatial plans.
Effect of early adverse events on response and survival outcomes of advanced melanoma patients treated with vemurafenib or vemurafenib plus cobimetinib: A pooled analysis of clinical trial data
Authors: Hopkins Ashley M. , Van Dyk Madele , Rowland Andrew , Sorich Michael J.
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early adverse events on overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS) and objective response within a pooled secondary analysis of participants treated with first‐line vemurafenib or vemurafenib plus cobimetinib in the clinical trials BRIM3 and coBRIM. The study included 583 participants who received vemurafenib monotherapy and 247 who received vemurafenib plus cobimetinib. Adverse events requiring vemurafenib/cobimetinib dose adjustment within the first 28 days of therapy were significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI]: dose reduced/interrupted = 0.79 [0.65–0.96]; drug withdrawn = 1.18 [0.71–1.96]; p = 0.032), PFS (HR [95% CI]: dose reduced/interrupted = 0.82 [0.67–0.99]; drug withdrawn = 1.58 [0.97–2.58]; p = 0.017) and objective response (odds ratio (OR) [95% CI]: dose reduced/interrupted = 1.35 [0.99–1.85]; drug withdrawn = 0.17 [0.06–0.43]; p = <0.001). Arthralgia occurring within the first 28 days of vemurafenib or vemurafenib plus cobimetinib therapy was also significantly associated with favourable OS (p = 0.026), PFS (p = 0.042) and objective response (p = 0.047).
Localized vulvar bullous pemphigoid of childhood: A rare cause of persistent vulvar erosions in children
Authors: Belzile Eugénie , Funaro Deana , Powell Julie
Published: February 2019

Localized vulvar bullous pemphigoid of childhood is an excessively rare variant of bullous pemphigoid and affects almost exclusively young girls of 7‐12 years of age. In contrast to adult‐onset bullous pemphigoid, a prompt response to potent topical corticosteroids is observed in the majority of cases, with a favorable prognosis and rare relapses. We report the case of a 7‐year‐old girl who presented with this condition. Our case reinforces the recognition of this rare subtype of childhood bullous pemphigoid as a distinct entity and enlightens the importance of performing a cutaneous biopsy when clinically indicated.
Poor sleep quality is associated with obesity and depression in farmers
Authors: Hawes Natalie Jo , Wiggins Amanda T. , Reed Deborah B. , Hardin‐Fanning Frances
Published: February 2019

Background

Farmers’ work schedules can result in inconsistent sleep patterns which negatively impact health.

Purpose

To explore the relationships between sleep, obesity, and depression in working, older farmers and their spouses. Covariates included body mass index (BMI), age, and gender.

Methods

Sleep quality, BMI, and depression were assessed in farmers (n = 1,394) 50 years and older. Bivariate associations among all covariates (i.e., age, gender, BMI, sleep) and dependent variable (i.e., depression) were analyzed using Pearson's correlation. Multivariable associations of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). BMI with other study variables were assessed using linear regression.

Results

BMI was positively associated with sleep apnea symptoms (p ≤ 0.0001) and CESD scores (p = 0.0006). Participants with difficulty falling asleep were more likely to have poor sleep quality (p ≤ 0.0001) and higher CESD scores (p ≤ 0.0001). Poor sleep quality was associated with higher CESD scores (p ≤ 0.0001). Increased age, female gender, higher BMI, sleep apnea symptoms, and poorer sleep quality were all predictive of higher depressive symptoms.

Discussion

Farmers have unique lifestyles that increase the risk of poor sleep. Screening for sleep pattern disruption and understanding its impact could result in lower rates of depression and obesity in this group of high‐risk individuals.
Photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis of the forehead and scalp with the Aktilite CL 128: Is there a cut‐off value for PpIX‐weighted irradiance for effective treatment?
Authors: Vicentini Claire , Vignion‐Dewalle Anne‐Sophie , Thecua Elise , Lecomte Fabienne , Béhal Hélène , Maire Cyril , Tylcz Jean‐Baptiste , Abi‐Rached Henry , Mortier Laurent , Mordon Serge
Published: February 2019

Background/purpose

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). Among the approved protocols in Europe, the most widely used involves irradiation with the Aktilite CL 128 (C‐PDT). We aimed to assess the heterogeneity of irradiance over the treatment area when using C‐PDT. We also investigated whether there is a cut‐off value for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)‐weighted irradiance that may predict the treatment outcome of C‐PDT.

Methods

An Ophir PD300 photodiode sensor connected to an Ophir Laser Star power meter was used to measure the irradiance delivered to 114 AKs of the scalp and forehead of 19 patients treated with C‐PDT. The PpIX‐weighted irradiances were deduced and cross‐referenced with the complete responses at 3 months.

Results

From the measured irradiances ranging from 0.25 to 60 mW/cm2 (average: 31.94 mW/cm2), a standard deviation of 17.17 mW/cm2 was computed. Irradiance heterogeneity over the treatment area during C‐PDT was demonstrated. The 66/114 AKs with a complete response at 3 months (57.89%) received a mean PpIX‐weighted irradiance of 0.52 mW/cm2 vs 0.56 mW/cm2 for the resistant 48/114 AKs (42.11%). No significant effect of PpIX‐weighted irradiance on the complete response at 3 months was found (odds ratio for a 0.1‐unit change, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.10; P = 0.53). Therefore, no cut‐off value for PpIX‐weighted irradiance that predicts treatment outcome could be identified.

Conclusions

A device enabling homogeneous irradiation at a lower irradiance than the Aktilite CL 128 may therefore be suitable. This lower irradiance may further increase the treatment tolerance by patients.
When Evolution Works Against the Future: Disgust's Contributions to the Acceptance of New Food Technologies
Authors: Egolf Aisha , Hartmann Christina , Siegrist Michael
Published: February 2019

New food technologies have a high potential to transform the current resource‐consuming food system to a more efficient and sustainable one, but public acceptance of new food technologies is rather low. Such an avoidance might be maintained by a deeply preserved risk avoidance system called disgust. In an online survey, participants (N = 313) received information about a variety of new food technology applications (i.e., genetically modified meat/fish, edible nanotechnology coating film, nanotechnology food box, artificial meat/milk, and a synthetic food additive). Every new food technology application was rated according to the respondent's willingness to eat (WTE) it (i.e., acceptance), risk, benefit, and disgust perceptions. Furthermore, food disgust sensitivity was measured using the Food Disgust Scale. Overall, the WTE both gene‐technology applications and meat coated with an edible nanotechnology film were low and disgust responses toward all three applications were high. In full mediation models, food disgust sensitivity predicted the disgust response toward each new food technology application, which in turn influenced WTE them. Effects of disgust responses on the WTE a synthetic food additive were highest for and lowest for the edible nanotechnology coating film compared to the other technologies. Results indicate that direct disgust responses influence acceptance and risk and benefit perceptions of new food technologies. Beyond the discussion of this study, implications for future research and strategies to increase acceptance of new food technologies are discussed.
A provider‐observed tool to assess Oral Hygiene Skill Mastery (OHSIM) in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive (HIV+) adults
Authors: Vernon Lance T. , Seacat Jason D. , Demko Catherine A. , Paes B. da Silva Andre , Zyzanski Stephen J.
Published: February 2019

Aims

Periodontal diseases (PDs) affect nearly half of Americans ≥30 years old and are common in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive (HIV+) adults. A validated measure of oral hygiene skill could improve tailored prevention‐focused health communication.

Methods

We developed Oral Hygiene Skill Mastery (OHSIM), a provider‐observed measure of toothbrushing and flossing ability. We examined OHSIM's inter‐rater reliability (IRR) and concurrent validity using a blinded, cross‐sectional study design with a convenience sample of HIV+/− adults. Clinical outcome measures included bleeding on probing (BOP) and abbreviated plaque and gingival indices. Analyses included IRR and, after identifying relevant predictor variables for each outcome, backward elimination regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to demonstrate concurrent validity.

Results

We saw 173 research participants (reliability: n = 61; validity: n = 112). The average IRR was α = 0.73 for toothbrushing and α = 0.84 for flossing. Toothbrushing and flossing skill were moderately correlated (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). SEM analyses demonstrated that OHSIM toothbrushing significantly and independently predicted variance in plaque and gingival indices and BOP, while OHSIM flossing skill significantly and independently predicted plaque index and BOP.

Conclusion

OHSIM is a provisionally reliable and valid provider‐observed measure of toothbrushing and flossing skill. Most predictors of clinical outcomes were modifiable behaviors. Toothbrushing quality is a critical component of oral health.
Oral administration of nanomicelle curcumin in the prevention of radiotherapy‐induced mucositis in head and neck cancers
Authors: Delavarian Zahra , Pakfetrat Atessa , Ghazi Ala , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Homaei Shandiz Fatemeh , Dalirsani Zohreh , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang , Rahimi Hamid Reza
Published: February 2019

Oral mucositis (OM) is a complication of head and neck cancer (HNC) therapy with negative impact on the quality of life. Although definitive treatment has not yet been established, there is interest towards the use of natural compounds owing to their few side effects. Curcumin has a variety of biological and pharmacological properties including anticancer and anti‐inflammatory effects.

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of curcumin in the form of nanomicelle on OM in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy.

Methods

In this clinical trial, 32 HNC patients were allocated to case and control groups, and respectively received nanocurcumin or placebo during radiotherapy.

Results

We found a statistically significant difference in the severity of mucositis between the 2 groups at all visits. In contrast to the control‐group patients, who all developed OM in the 2nd week of radiotherapy, only 32% of the case group developed OM with no obvious oral or systemic side effects.

Conclusion

Our data show that nanomicelle curcumin is an effective agent in the prevention of OM or reducing its severity. Thus, the administration of nanocurcumin can be considered as a reasonable approach to hinder the development of OM in HNC patients requiring radiotherapy.
Influence of polyester spacer fabric, cotton, chloroprene rubber, and silicone on microclimatic and morphologic physiologic skin parameters in vivo
Authors: Jung Sora , Schleusener Johannes , Knorr Fanny , Kraft Marc , Thiede Gisela , Richter Heike , Darvin Maxim E. , Schanzer Sabine , Gallinger Simon , Wegener Ulrich , Lademann Jürgen
Published: February 2019

Background

Skin diseases can develop upon disadvantageous microclimate in relation to skin contact with textiles of supporting devices. Increased temperature, moisture, mechanical fracture, pressure, and inflammatory processes often occur mutually and enhance each other in their adverse effects. Therefore, the early prevention of skin irritations by improvement of microclimatic properties of skin in contact with supporting devices is important.

Materials and Methods

In this study, the microclimate under occlusion with polyester, cotton, chloroprene rubber, and silicone textiles, used for supporting devices, was analyzed by determining several characteristic physiologic skin parameters in vivo, including temperature, moisture, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). This is achieved by comparing a miniaturized in vivo detection device with several established optical and sensory methods in vivo.

Results

A highly significant TEWL decrease was found after polyester, chloroprene rubber, and silicone application. The application of all materials showed highly significant decrease in skin surface temperature, with chloroprene rubber showing the lowest. Similarly, all materials showed highly significant increase in relative moisture, where the highest increase was found for chloroprene rubber and silicone and the lowest increase for cotton. The cutaneous carotenoid concentration of chloroprene rubber, silicone, and polyester decreased. A manipulation of the surface structure of the stratum corneum was recognized for all materials except for cotton by laser scanning microscopy.

Conclusion

The skin parameters temperature, relative moisture, antioxidant status, and TEWL can effectively characterize the microclimatic environment during occlusion with medical supporting materials. These parameters could potentially be used to develop standardized testing procedures for material evaluation.
Evaluation of different factors influencing objective measurement of skin color by colorimetry
Authors: Anbar Tag S. , Eid Amira A. , Anbar Mohamed T.
Published: February 2019

Background

Objective determination of skin color has become an essential requirement in managing pigmentary disorders including vitiligo. The readings of available devices can be influenced by factors such as surrounding temperature, vasodilation/constriction, and skin surface properties. Our aim was to investigate the influence of hair color and length, skin stretching, incomplete contact of the device with the skin, and the pressure with which the device is applied to the test area on skin color determination.

Materials and methods

Dermacatch® was used to determine the influence of hair color and length in 30 vitiligo patients, and of wrinkles, incomplete contact of the device with the skin and pressure of the device on the test area in 30 healthy volunteers on melanin and erythema indices measured by the device.

Results

Melanin index was significantly higher in lesions with black hair compared to lesions with white hair (P < 0.001) and the MI significantly decreased when the black hair was shaved (P < 0.001) and when the skin over the test area was stretched (P < 0.001). Incomplete contact of the device with the test area led to significantly higher MI (P < 0.001) and lower EI (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, high pressure induced by the device on the test area led to significantly lower MI (P < 0.001) and significantly higher EI (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Factors influencing the readings of devices used for objective determination of skin color have to be taken consideration to ensure accuracy of the measurements done.
Comparing preservice teachers’ professional noticing skills in elementary mathematics classrooms
Authors: Fisher Molly H. , Thomas Jonathan , Jong Cindy , Schack Edna O. , Dueber David
Published: February 2019

This paper examines the implementation of an instructional module on preservice elementary teachers’ professional noticing of children’s mathematical thinking. The module focuses on professional noticing skills through the content focus of early algebraic reasoning and uses complex video vignettes from whole class instruction in authentic elementary mathematics classrooms. Findings indicated that two of the three components of professional noticing (attending and interpreting) showed statistically significant increases in a treatment group that did not occur in a comparison group. The deciding component remains a challenge that warrants further research.
Effects of therapeutic plasma exchange on anticoagulants in patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation: a systematic review
Authors: Hodulik Kimberly L. , Root Adam G. , Ledbetter Leila S. , Onwuemene Oluwatoyosi A.
Published: February 2019

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) removes coagulation proteins, but its impact on therapeutic anticoagulation is unknown. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the coagulation effects of TPE in patients receiving systemic anticoagulation. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science until June 2018 for studies combining controlled vocabulary and keywords related to therapeutic plasma exchange, plasmapheresis, anticoagulants, and therapy. The primary outcome was the effect of TPE on anti‐Xa activity, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), or international normalized ratio (INR). The secondary outcome was reports of post‐TPE bleeding or thrombosis. A total of 1830 references were screened and eight studies identified. Our selected studies (five case reports and three case series) involved 23 patients and evaluated the effects of seven anticoagulants. Six studies of unfractionated heparin, low‐molecular‐weight heparins, and direct oral anticoagulants demonstrated an anti‐Xa level decline. Two studies of unfractionated heparin and low‐molecular‐weight heparins showed an aPTT increase. One study of warfarin showed a post‐TPE INR increase. Reports of post‐TPE bleeding occurred in two patients and thrombosis in one. In patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation, TPE is associated with anti‐Xa activity decline and aPTT and INR increase. These coagulation changes do not appear to significantly increase bleeding or thrombotic risk. Our data suggest the need for prospective studies to investigate the true clinical impact of TPE on therapeutic anticoagulation.
Current challenges for CAR T‐cell therapy of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sauer Tim , Rooney Cliona M.
Published: February 2019

KEY IDEAS

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has the potential to improve the dismal outcome of patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

A major challenge for CAR T‐cell therapy of AML patients is identifying leukemia‐specific target antigens.

Immune escape through down‐regulation of target antigens and/or a suppressive tumor microenvironment jeopardizes the success of CAR T‐cell therapy.
Effects of Combined Aerobic and Strength Training on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition
Authors: Topsakal Nuri , Ates Osman , Keskin Burcak , Armutcu Orhan
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of combined aerobic and strength training in circuit training on body fat ratio. The universe of this study was selected as 32 male participants who continue their training and do fitness for health. Participants were divided into 2 groups: aerobic group (16 people) and combined group (16 people). This study was applied for 8 weeks, 3 days per week, and 1 hour per day. Participants were informed about how the tests will be conducted. An aerobic capacity test, body fat percentage, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio were among the applied tests and measurements. Data were analysed with SPSS 21 package program. Average and standard deviation of obtained data were calculated. Results showed that results of aerobic and combined trainings were similarly, and both aerobic and combined training positively affected body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and aerobic capacity values. Additionally, it can be stated that aerobic exercises directly affected waist-hip ratio compared to combined exercises, and combined training was more efficient for waist-hip ratio.