bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between young children’s emotional regulation and peer competence of problem behavior parallel multiple mediation effects
Authors:   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education, Seo Hyun , Kim Ga-eun , Park Mi-ja
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the parallel multiple mediating effect of problem behavior in the relationship between Young children‘s emotional regulation and peer competence in children. The subjects of this study were infants aged 3 to 5 staying at a kindergarten and daycare center located in G city, and 217 copies of the questionnaire were analyzed. For the collected data, SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS macro 4.3 programs were used, and the following research results were derived. First, Young childre’s emotional regulation had a positive effect on peer competence. Second, Young Children’s emotional regulation had a negative effect on problem behavior. Third, among the sub-contents of Young children's problem behavior, only hostility-aggression and hyperactivity- attention had a negative effect on peer competence. However, among Young children's problem behavior, anxiety-fear did not affect peer competence. Fourth, in the relationship between Young children's emotional regulation and peer competence, only the sub-contents of Young children's problem behavior, hostility-aggression and hyperactivity-attention, were found to have a partial mediating effect. However, in the relationship between Young children's emotional regulation and peer competence, anxiety-fear did not show a mediating effect among the sub-contents of Young children's problem behavior. These results suggest that in order to increase a child's peer competence, it is necessary to carefully observe situations in which hostile-aggression, hyperactivity-attention, and anxiety-fear, which are sub-contents of the Young childrens’ Problem behavior, recognize that it is a Problem behavior, and then provide desirable guidance.
The effect of father's empathy ability on young children’s social competence: Mediating effect of family strength
Authors:   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education, Kang Yeoung-Nyeo , Shin Hyun-Jung
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between father's empathy ability and infant's social competence and to verify the mediating effect of family strength. For this purpose, a survey was conducted targeting 549 fathers of children attending a public daycare center in G-si, Gyeonggi-do.
The collected data were subjected to reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 23.0, and the Sobel Test was conducted to ensure the significance of mediation verification.
First, the results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the father's empathy ability and the infant's social competence, the empathy ability and family strength, and the infant's social competence and family strength. Second, family strength played a partial mediating role in the effect of father's empathy ability on infant's social competence.
The results of this study are valuable in that they were able to reveal that the father's empathy ability and family strength are factors that affect the social competence of infants, and support is provided to improve fathers' parenting capabilities to increase the social competence of infants.
It is significant that it suggests that a solution is needed.
Reality and perception of pre-service early childhood teachers related artificial intelligence and demands for education
Authors:   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education, Kim Nam Yun , Kim MyoungJung
Published: April 2024

This study analyzed the reality and perception of pre-service early childhood teachers regarding artificial intelligence, and the demands for education. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 145 students in the department of early childhood education at colleges in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0. The research results are as follows. First, compared to their experience using artificial intelligence, pre-service early childhood teachers' level of interest and understanding of artificial intelligence was average, and they understood artificial intelligence as ‘a computer system that can think similar to humans.’ In addition, the negative perception of artificial intelligence was higher than the positive perception, and its influence on oneself was at an average level. Second, the need for artificial intelligence education for pre-service early childhood teachers was highly recognized. Additionally, with the goal of improving the ability to support play using artificial intelligence, the professional professors were requested to teach about future social changes and cases of artificial intelligence education through play. Based on the results of this study, implications for the development of artificial intelligence education subjects for pre-service early childhood teachers were discussed.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ТА МІЖОСОБИСТІСНИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ ЯК СКЛАДОВІ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ДЕПРЕСИВНИМИ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ
Authors: Корнієнко В. В.
Published: April 2024

Розглянуто й обґрунтовано актуальність проблеми існування впливу соціального функціонування та міжособистісних комунікацій на формування психологічного реабілітаційного потенціалу пацієнтів із депресивними порушеннями. Встановлено, що соціальне функціонування, особливості міжособистісних і сімейних комунікацій, життєвої задоволеності та специфіка ціннісно-мотиваційної сфери є вагомими компонентами, які визначають психологічний реабілітаційний потенціал пацієнтів із депресивними розладами.
Лісостани Покутських Карпат: поширення та лісівничо-таксаційна характеристика
Authors: Vandzhurak Pavlo , Debryniuk Iurii , Savchyn Volodymyr
Published: April 2024

Покутські Карпати характеризуються поєднанням низькогірної частини (до 800 м н.р.м.), вкритої буковими лісами з терасово-долинними положеннями та середньогірної – з мішаними хвойно-широколистяними лісами, де гірські хребти сягають висоти від 900 до 1500 м н.р.м.
Вкрита лісовою рослинністю площа низькогірної частини Покутських Карпат становить 22651,4 га, середньогірної – 19678,0 га. На території регіону виявлено 25 деревних видів, серед яких переважаючими є три – ялина європейська, бук лісовий та ялиця біла. Вони нагромаджують найбільші запаси стовбурової деревини – 12569,4 тис. м3, що становить 97% від загального запасу деревини у регіоні. Порівняно з низькогір’ям, у середньогірній частині помітно біднішим є видовий склад деревних рослин – лише 16 видів. Незважаючи на меншу площу середньогірних лісів, вони є продуктивнішими, ніж низькогірні.
Вікова структура лісостанів є розбалансованою. Найбільшу площу (66,0%) займають середньовікові насадження, значно меншу – пристиглі і стиглі (12,0 та 11,9%). Незначну частку площі займають перестійні насадження (1,6%) та молодняки І і ІІ класів віку (3,1 та 5,4%).
Насадження регіону загалом є високобонітетними. Насадження І і вище класів бонітету займають 62,8, ІІ бонітету – 29,6, ІІІ бонітету – 5,8%. Насадження IV і нижче класів бонітету виявлені лише на 4,8% площі.
Насадження переважно середньоповнотні, займають площу 22351,2 га або 56,4%. Низькоповнотні деревостани займають площу 15305,2 або 38,6%, рідколісся –1218,7 га або 3,1%. Слабо представлені високоповнотні деревостани (772 га або 1,9%).
На території регіону зафіксовано 44 типи лісу, з яких шість суборових, 22 сугрудових та 16 грудових. Серед типів лісорослинних умов найбільшу частку (84%) займають сугруди, 12% – груди, 4% – субори.
Найрозповсюдженішою є смерекова група типів лісу, яка займає 45,8% загальної площі вкритих лісовою рослинністю земель Покутських Карпат. Букова група типів лісу займає дещо меншу частку (37,5%). Ялицева група типів лісу посідає невелику частку площі (13,4%), основна частина якої зосереджена в сугрудах.
Успішність природного поновлення у смерекових пралісах НПП «Верховинський»
Authors: Debryniuk Vasyl , Nechai Mykhailo , Koliadzhyn Ivan , Lavnyy Vasyl
Published: April 2024

Об’єкти досліджень знаходились на території природоохоронних науково-дослідних відділень (ПНДВ) – Чивчинського та Прикордонного НПП «Верховинський. Саме у лісовому фонді цих відділень зафіксовано найбільші площі смерекових пралісів, територія яких є найвіддаленішою та важкодоступною в Українських Карпатах.  
Забезпечення смерекових пралісів підростом на одному дослідному об’єкті (ПП № 3) оцінено як добре (1 клас якості, 19,6 тис. шт.∙га-1); на двох об’єктах (ПП № 1 та № 5) – як добре (2 клас якості, 8,3 та 8,1 тис. шт.∙га-1, відповідно); на одному об’єкті (ПП № 4) як задовільне (6,9 тис. шт.∙га-1); на одному об’єкті (ПП № 2) як незадовільне (2,4 тис. шт.∙га-1).
Три із досліджених пралісових угруповань (ПП № 1, № 2 та № 3) досягли стадії старіння (aging phase), два (ПП № 4 та № 5) – стадії розпаду (breakdown phase). Можна попередньо узагальнити, що інтенсивність проходження процесу природного поновлення не залежить від стадії розвитку пралісу, а визначається повнотою деревостану, кількістю «вікон» і прогалин у наметі, розвитком трав’яного вкриття.
Розподіл підросту Picea abies (L.) Karst. за висотними групами (10-39; 40-129; 130 см і більше) становить, відповідно, 56-66%; 27-41%; 3-16%.
Підріст Sorbus aucuparia L. займає незначну частку у загальній кількості підросту (до 5%). Близько половини підросту деревного виду пошкоджено дикими тваринами.
Частка пошкодженого підросту Picea abies є незначною (менше 5%). Основна причина полягає у пошкодженні верхівок молодих рослин падаючими фрагментами із сухостійних стоячих дерев або падінням самих дерев.
Загалом процес природного поновлення у смерекових пралісах НПП «Верховинський», які досягли стадії старіння або стадії розпаду, проходить задовільно.
Групово-поступові рубки у сосняках Східного Полісся як важлива складова організації наближеного до природи лісівництва
Authors: Zhezhkun Anatolyi
Published: April 2024

Наведено результати проведення групово-поступових рубок у стиглих соснових деревостанах Східного Полісся України. У перший прийом групово-поступових рубок формували «вікна» діаметром 0,5; 0,7; 1,0 і 1,5 середньої висоти соснових деревостанів. Лісовідновна смуга деревостану, що прилягала до «вікон», становила 0,5 від їхнього діаметра. У «вікнах» вилучали всі дерева, а у лісовідновній смузі – розріджували деревостан до повноти 0,4-0,5. Після проведення рубки восени або навесні проводили сприяння природному поновленню способом розпушування ґрунту дисковими культиваторами або прокладанням борозен плугами. За умови задовільного насіннєношення сосняків у перший рік у «вікнах» відновлювалося від 20 до 190 тис. шт. . га-1 самосіву Pinus sylvestris L. Впродовж наступних 3-5 років залишалося від 13 до 65 тис. шт.. га-1 підросту і 2-7 тис. шт.  га-1 – самосіву сосни звичайної та інших деревних видів, що надавало підставу для проведення наступного прийому групово-поступової рубки.
У другий прийом групово-поступової рубки «вікна» розширювали на величину 0,5 від їхнього попереднього розміру та розріджували деревостан у лісовідновній смузі. Зберігали наявний підріст сосни та проводили сприяння природному поновленню. Впродовж першого року після другого прийому рубки відновлювалося від 12 до 72 тис. шт. га-1 самосіву сосни. Найкращу освітленість зафіксовано у північній та східній частинах «вікон», де і зберіглася найбільша кількість самосіву деревного виду. Кількість підросту сосни після проведення другого прийому рубки становила від 8 до 13 тис. шт.  га-1, що було достатньо для призначення кінцевого прийому групово-поступової рубки.
У процесі проведення групово-поступової рубки формуються природні  різновікові соснові деревостани мішаного складу зі східчастою зімкненістю лісового намету. Групово-поступові рубки є дієвим лісівничим заходом наближеного до природи лісівництва, що потребує їх поширення у соснових деревостанах Східного Полісся України.
Продуктивність енергетичних плантацій тополі на малогумусних чорноземах Правобережного Лісостепу України
Authors: Fuchylo Yaroslav , Kirilko Yaroslav
Published: April 2024

Наведено результати чотирирічних досліджень росту тополі сорту 'Robusta' в енергетичних плантаціях на малогумусних чорноземах Правобережного Лісостепу України, створених однорічними здерев’янілими живцями завдовжки 25 см і діаметром 0,8-1,0 см. Схеми садіння – 2,0 × 0,8 м та 2,0 × 0,9 м. Після першого року дерева на обох ділянках мали середню висоту 1,6 м. Впродовж другого року їхній приріст за висотою становив у рідшого варіанту 2,0±0,05 м, у густішого – 2,1±0,05 м. Впродовж третього вегетаційного періоду приріст за висотою становив відповідно 3,1 та 3,0 м, а середня висота рослин склала 6,8 та 6,6 м відповідно. За четвертий період вегетації приріст за висотою значно сповільнився (відповідно до 1,2 та 1,1 м) і середня висота чотирирічних насаджень становила 8,0±0,16 м у густішому варіанті та 7,7±0,22 м – у рідшому.
Наприкінці першого року вирощування діаметр на висоті 1,3 м був більшим у густішому варіанті (0,5 проти 0,3 см), але вже на наступний рік дерева за рідшого розміщення стали на 2 мм товщими. Подібна тенденція збереглася і на третій рік, коли середній діаметр дерев густішого варіанту становив 5,8 см, а рідшого – 6,2 см. На четвертий рік вирощування приріст за діаметром в обох насадженнях значно знизився (відповідно до 1,4 і 1,8 см) і їхній середній діаметр досяг 7,2±0,22 і 8,0±0,31 см відповідно.
Після трьох років вирощування плантації тополі, створеної живцями, на 1 га можна отримати 11,66-14,58 тонн сухої біомаси або 207,5-259,5 ГДж енергії. Після чотирьох років продуктивність таких плантацій різко зростає (від 25,78 до 29,94 т/га або від 458,8 до 532,8 ГДж/га). Суттєве збільшення продуктивності біомаси енергетичних плантацій тополі сорту 'Robusta' впродовж четвертого року вирощування вказує на доцільність застосування 5–7-річного терміну вирощування таких насаджень для отримання максимальної кількості біомаси.
Дослідження колірних характеристик струганого шпону з деревини дуба звичайного в процесі його виготовлення
Authors: Huber Yuriy , Kopynets Zoya , Humeniuk Zhanna , Shchupakivskyy Roman , Partyka Vladyslav
Published: April 2024

Найвищу вартість, як личкувального матеріалу, струганий шпон має за умови збереження природного кольору деревини. Тому дослідження його колірних характеристик має важливе практичне значення.
Об’єктом дослідження обрано струганий шпон з деревини дуба звичайного (Quercus robur L.).
Експериментальні дослідження проведено у виробничих умовах ТОВ «ЄВРОШПОН», яке спеціалізується на виготовленні струганого шпону. Колірні характеристики шпону встановлювали за допомогою апаратної колірної просторової моделі CIELab.
Досліджували колірні показники струганого шпону, відібраного з пропарених або проварених ванчесів на глибині 50, 100 і 150 мм від поверхні, та висушеного в атмосферних умовах або у сушильній камері. Встановлено, що відбувається потемніння струганого шпону з деревини дуба, виготовленого з пропарених і проварених ванчесів та після його камерного сушіння.
Технологічну операцію проварювання ванчесів з деревини дуба у виробництві струганого шпону рекомендовано застосовувати у випадку, коли потрібно досягнути світлішого та рівномірнішого забарвлення шпону з урахуванням тривалішого процесу теплової обробки. Пропарювання ванчесів з деревини дуба отримує переваги за необхідності збільшення продуктивності виробництва без урахування колірних характеристик шпону.
O PIONEIRISMO DO ÁULICO O CATHARINENSE E O LONGO HIATO ATÉ O SURGIMENTO DA PRIMEIRA PUBLICAÇÃO SATÍRICA ILUSTRADA DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: César Silveira Mauro
Published: April 2024

Na primeira década do século XIX, a então província de Santa Catarina abrigava pouco menos de 24 mil habitantes, a maioria analfabeta, incluindo um contingente de número indefinido formado por pessoas escravizadas, povoando as vilas de Nossa Senhora do Desterro, Laguna, São Francisco, Porto Belo, São Miguel e Lages. Até então, a baixa população do seu território correspondia à grande distância do Rio de Janeiro – a capital da imensa colônia portuguesa a partir da centúria anterior, quando assumiu a condição antes ostentada por Salvador, ainda mais longínqua. O primeiro lugarejo conhecido data de 1658: Nossa Senhora da Graça do Rio Francisco, atual São Francisco do Sul, no litoral norte do estado. Uma década e meia depois, em 1673, nasceria a futura capital da província, Nossa Senhora do Desterro, na atual ilha de Santa Catarina – que ocupa hoje a maior parte do município de Florianópolis. Foi um povoado pertencente à Laguna, mais ao sul, até 1726, quando adquiriu vida administrativa própria.
DESEJOS DE MODERNIDADE ENTRE BURBURINHOS DA URBANIZAÇÃO: A IMPRENSA OITOCENTISTA EM MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Spannenberg Ana , Guimarães Martins Bruno , Pinto Valle Flávio , Amormino Luciana , Manna Nuno , Jácome Phellipy , Soares da Costa Verônica
Published: April 2024

Nos primeiros meses de 1927, nos conta Antunes (1995), a imprensa belo-horizontina viveu um alvoroço. Pela primeira vez na história da nova capital de Minas Gerais, uma máquina rotativa chegaria para um empreendimento privado. A “Marinoni”, transportada do Rio de Janeiro para a fundação do Diário da Manhã, correspondia a mais uma tentativa de modernizar e dar perenidade aos jornais locais que, desde a inauguração da cidade, em 1897, viviam uma espécie de maldição, pois quase nenhum deles conseguia ultrapassar a barreira do terceiro número (Castro, 1997; Andrade, 2016). No entanto, como o guindaste da estação de trem não suportava o tamanho do maquinário e os caminhões existentes ali não aguentavam o seu peso, a solução encontrada foi trazer juntas de bois da periferia e, com a ajuda de cidadãos entusiasmados (Antunes, 1995: 6), carregar o equipamento até a futura oficina. Foram oito horas de trabalho braçal para percorrer cerca de dez quarteirões.
Review of the Constitutional Court’s Important Cases in 2023 (Ⅰ)
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Park Jinyeong
Published: April 2024

This paper analyzed the meaning and content of major decisions on normative control among the Constitutional Court decisions made in 2023.
The Constitutional Court made a constitutional decision on the provisions of the former School Violence Prevention Act, which stipulated a written apology as one of the principal's actions against the perpetrators of school violence.
In a unanimous decision, the Constitutional Court ruled unconstitutional against the provisions of the 'Special Cases Act on the Punishment of Sexual Violence Crimes', which required life imprisonment or more than 7 years of imprisonment for the crime of forced assault on a residence. The above provisions were contrary to the principle of proportionality between responsibility and punishment.
In addition, with a 4:5 opinion, the Constitutional Court sentenced a constitutional decision on the provisions of the former Act on Special Cases concerning the Punishment of Domestic Violence Crimes, etc., which did not stipulate the prohibition of access using mail in the victim protection order.
In the opinion of judges 6:3, the Constitutional Court ruled that the provisions of the Immigration Control Act, which allowed the protection of those who were ordered to deport but did not establish an upper limit on the period of protection, violate the principle of excess prohibition and due process, violating the freedom of the body, and were not in accordance with the Constitution.
The Constitutional Court recently ruled against the constitutional inconsistency with the consensus of all the judges on the former Act on Assembly and Protests, which bans rallies near the official residence of the National Assembly and punishes those who host rallies in violation of them, and the Public Official Election Act, which prohibits anyone from spraying printed materials or installing wreaths to affect the election from 180 days before the election day.
A Study on the Integrated Understanding of Permit and License
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Kang Byeong Yeon
Published: April 2024

The Permit(“Genehmigung” in German) and License(“Konzession”, “Verleihung” in German) system for business is one of the methods of restricting the constitutional right of Freedom of Business, and there is no need to distinguish between Permit and License as they are the same in that they restore the fundamental right. Furthermore, while the conventional wisdom is that monopolies are granted by Licenses, they should be viewed as a direct effect of the law. This is consistent with the fact that in Germany today, Permits and Licenses are generally not seen as contrasting concepts.
In the general case, the underlying law is important for determining mandatory and discretionary acts, but since Permits (including Licenses) are restrictions on fundamental rights, so according to Principle of Rule of Law the law cannot define discretionary acts that can be rejected even though the permission requirements are met. However, given the need to attach conditions to Permits, laws that allow for discretion are permissible.
The conventional view is that an Exceptional Permit (or “Exceptional Approval”) is a discretionary act. However, it is reasonable to assume that, although it is a mandatory act in principle, it may be made discretionary by law by exception.
A Review of Financial Legal Issues and Regulatory Tools for Smart Contract: Focusing on regulatory policies for the decentralized financial industry -
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Won JI-Ho , Park Sun-Jong
Published: April 2024

Recent interest rate rises and economic unrest have caused a significant contraction in the decentralized financial industry. The large-scale decline compared to the traditional institutionalized financial industry shows that the right level of financial regulation can help to revitalize the market. As such, the need for regulation in the decentralized financial industry is increasingly recognized, but the discussion is limited to the characteristics of the underlying virtual assets, and there is a lack of discussion on the technologies that form the basis of the decentralized financial industry, such as smart contract.
There is much debate about the definition of a smart contract, but basically, a smart contract can be defined as computer code, implemented on blockchain technology, that, upon the occurrence of a specified condition or conditions, is capable of running automatically according to pre-specified functions. The origin of smart contract technology does not necessarily require blockchain technology, but the current usage and practical implementation of the term usually involves blockchain technology. These smart contracts are associated with various legal issues due to the important characteristics of (1) anonymity, (2) inconsistency between intent and code content(Similar to the issue “der Unstimmigkeiten von Willen und Erklärung”), (3) circumvention, and (4) decentralized autonomous organization.
The existing regulatory discourse is excellent at achieving its objectives, but it has limitations in terms of (1) specificity and (2) voluntariness. A new regulatory approach needs to consider the specific characteristics of smart contract, the main transaction method of Decentralized finance, while encouraging voluntary responses from individuals. The Smart Contract Self-Review Board, Private Key Custodian Organization, and Entrusted Certification System are solutions based on these requirements, but it is difficult to judge that they completely solve the legal problems of smart contracts, and further discussion is needed on a regulatory method with an incentive structure that can attract voluntarism.
Effect of Random, Blocked, and Mixed Practice Order on Upper Extremity Motor Learning in Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors:   B.P. Th, M.P. Th in Neurosciences., Kini Sneha , Rangarajan Lakshmiprabha ,   Assistant Professor, P.T. School and Centre, Seth G.S. Medical College, and K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai., Naik Prajakta ,   B.P. Th, M.P. Th in Neurosciences.
Published: April 2024

Background: Random practice order has been shown to improve motor learning in normal individuals as well as sports players. The purpose of this study is to investigate which practice order is beneficial in subjects with Parkinson’s disease. Methodology: The total number of Subjects included in this study was 32. Blocked practice order followed by random followed by mixed practice order was given. In between washout period of 1 week was given. Response time during acquisition and retention was assessed. Data were analyzed statistically by using one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean time taken by the subjects was maximum with Random practice order with (p=0.001, SD= 10.73) during Acquisition and (p=0.003, SD=8.88). The mean time difference was maximum with random (p= 0.001) in both the acquisitions as well as retention phases. On comparing the difference between the 1st and 10th trials of all three practice orders by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) post hoc analysis by using Tukey’s test, we observed that in subjects with PD Random practice order is more beneficial than mixed and blocked respectively. Discussion: On comparing all three practice orders we can infer that Upper Extremity motor learning skill was superior with Random practice orders followed by Mixed and blocked practice orders respectively in both the acquisition and retention phases. KEYWORDS: Parkinson’s Disease, Motor Learning, Practice Order, Acquisition, Retention.
INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL MEDIATION: INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF MEDIATION AGREEMENTS
Authors: Curlewis Llewelyn Gray , Raubenheimer Ettian
Published: April 2024

Global economic output has increased dramatically due to an increase in cross border trade, the rise of multinational corporations and globalisation.

The globalisation of trade resulted in an increasing interaction between different cultures and legal traditions with different value systems and philosophical foundations, leading to increased dispute potential which could eventually develop into conflict.

The default setting for conflict resolution is widely recognised as judicially sanctioned dispute resolution, otherwise referred to as litigation. Commercial litigation processes are, however, getting more costly and burdensome.

Commercial disputes are furthermore becoming more complex because of the globalised trade landscape and increasing cross-border mobility. This poses unique challenges for litigants and courts. Typical problems encountered include governing law issues, enforcement issues, differing national administrative requirements and legal processes. Dispute resolution by means of litigation is subject to intrinsic characteristics exacerbating the complexity of cross-border disputes. In the EU member states for instance, it takes between one hundred and three hundred days to obtain a first- instance judgment in civil proceedings.
Protocol_Psychosocial Support and Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs and Their Families: A Scoping Review for Enhancing the Care System v1
Authors: Nonoyama Tomo
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The increasing number of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) due to advancementsin medical technology indicates the need to strengthen care systems. Thisreview summarizes findings on care and support for CSHCN and their families. Method: In this scoping review, an extensive searchstrategy included articles searched in December 2023 using databases such as PubMed,Web of Science, CINAHL, ERIC, The Cochrane Library, and Ichushi (Japaneselanguage). Results: Following a comprehensive search and screeningprocess, 58 articles were selected and categorized into five themes based ontype of care and support: care systems centered on hospitals and otherspecialized institutions, care coordination, human resources, and programsaimed at achieving complex care. Discussion: Thisstudy underscores the importance of establishing effective care systems, with afunction responsible for continuous and smooth care coordination from multipleperspectives, for the well-being of CSHCN and their families.
Media Systems and Media Capture in Turkey: A Case Study
Authors: Akser Murat , Baybars Banu
Published: April 2024

This article attempts to explain the current situation of the Turkish media system through the media systems approach as a case study with special attention to the concept of media capture. We propose that the Turkish media system’s shift is heavily influenced by media capture. We associate four of Hallin and Mancini’s media systems concepts related to the effects of media capture in the Turkish media system shift: rise of political parallelism, erosion of journalistic professionalism (ethics), controlling role of the state, and government-friendly ownership concentration. In explaining the shift from a pluralist polarised to captured media in Turkey, we acknowledge the potential for new, independent, and alternative media to emerge. The article also comments that the potential reason for this shift from a captured liberal to a captured media in Turkey is the climate of fear that has allowed successive governments in Turkey to attempt media capture. In general, this article attempts to provide insight into the current relationship between media and politics in Turkey.
THE LANGUAGE OF WINE: THE PECULIARITY OF TRANSLATION FROM SPANISH INTO UCRANIAN
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lyudmila Artemova
Published: April 2024

This research presents the results of the analysis of the translations of different information materials (from Spanish into Ukrainian) carried out by the students of the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting of the University of Granada (Spain) under the teaching supervision for the II Conference on the Interpretation of the Language of Wine (24-25 April, 2023). In this article we would like to present the results of that enriching experience in many ways, since it offered us a perfect opportunity to approach the study of the peculiarities of the language of wine. It is a specialized language characterized by a series of unique and singular features that make its texts heterogeneous and hybrid. These texts fulfil multiple functions (informative, appellative, aesthetic, to name but a few) and, as a consequence, they bring together the peculiarities of different registers (legal and artistic, among others). Seen from a translatological perspective, the same relevant features make the translation of this typology of specialized texts a challenge, since their uniqueness is based on the fact that they combine a high percentage of terms specific to the field of wine with the complicated syntax and metaphorization of the text.
Legal Concept of a State Aircraft is “Up in the Air”: Problems of a Definition
Authors: Ivanov D. V. , Donakanian V. G.
Published: April 2024

Due to the technological development the scope of State aircraft application has significantly expanded. As a result there is a need to study the current international legal approach to the definition of “State aircraft” with respect to its applicability to existing relations. Furthermore, the distinction between state and civil aviation is a critical issue in determining the scope of international air law instruments. The authors analyze different approaches to the definition of “State aircraft” at the universal, regional and bilateral level. The study has revealed that there is no holistic understanding of the concept of “state aircraft” in current international law, which has a negative impact on the international legal regulation. The authors conclude that it is advisable to revise the definition of “state aircraft” at the universal level, which should serve as an impetus for further unification of the legal regulation. The authors propose to expand t his legal category beyond the provisions of the 1944 Chicago Convention. This paper argues that it would be in the interests of modern aviation and would address existing and potential legal problems.
The Disclosure Requirements of Software Patents: Suggestions for Developing Countries
Authors: Mujtaba G. , Zia-Ul-Haq М.
Published: April 2024

This is a research study of available options of Intellectual Property (IP) protections for software in the present IP systems, in most of the countries including copyright and patent protection. Each type of IP protection has its own advantages and limitations like enablement of subject matter for registration requirements, scope of rights conferred and period of protection etc. The trends and demands of software industry for the grant of patents protection for Computer Implemented Inventions (CIIs) were also discussed. The present research paper discusses a best mode of technical disclosure, more than an algorithm, of software patents and additional recommendations are also given as a solution to the technical problem of a suitable IP protection for software. A sui generis IP protection was suggested as a best option for a composite IP protection covering all aspects of advanced software inventions.
Oxidative stress as a marker of inflammation in cataracts
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Zinkina T. O.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Oxidative stress is an important pathogenetic factor of degenerative eye diseases. Oxidative stress can damage tissues, leading to changes in their structure and function, increased vascular permeability, microvascular abnormalities and neovascularization. In turn, these changes can cause damage to the eye; denaturation of the crystalline lens.
The purpose of the study: according to modern literature, to study the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of cataracts.
The molecular mechanisms of cell damage under oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of cataracts caused by oxidative stress have been studied.
Conclusion. Oxidative stress is an important pathogenetic mechanism of degenerative eye diseases. Oxidized phospholipids activate pro-inflammatory molecules and cause inflammation. Oxidative stress in the body is regulated by antioxidant mechanisms. An imbalance of antioxidants affects the lens and causes cataracts. The G/G genotype of SOD1-251 A/G polymorphism may lead to a higher risk of senile cataracts. The content of antioxidants depends on the density of the lens nuclei, on the type of cataract. Non-enzymatic antioxidants have a predominant effect in watery moisture, and enzymatic antioxidants in blood serum in patients with cataracts.
Prevalence of variants of the FAD-dependent amino oxidase gene in adolescents with internet addiction
Authors: Afonicheva K. V.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research was to study the prevalence of rs1137070 MAOA polymorphism in Tuvan, Khakass and Russian adolescents, as well as the degree of their Internet addiction, assessed on the Chen scale. Materials and methods. The study included 559 adolescents of the Angara-Yenisei macroregion (Tuvinians, Khakas, Russians). The type of Internet addiction was assessed on the Chen scale, polymorphism was detected using real-time PCR. Results. It was revealed that the frequency of the TT rs1137070 genotype of the MAOA associated with low activity of the MAOA enzyme is significantly higher in Tuvan adolescents compared to Russians (31.1% vs. 21.2%, p=0.020). Pathological Internet addiction is more often observed among Khakas compared to Russian adolescents (26.4% vs. 15.5%, p=0.028). Thus, it is shown that the presence of a tendency to Internet addiction is potentially observed in carriers of the allele variant T rs1137070 MAOA, and Tuvans and Khakas, like other Asian populations, are more susceptible to the development of pathological dependencies, relative to Russians.
Dependence of hematological parameters on the microbiota of the nasal mucosa in chronic rhinitis
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Goncharova N. S.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Chronic rhinitis is one of the most common otorhinolaryngological diseases. We assume that dysbiosis of the nasal mucosa depends on the phenotype of chronic rhinitis and affects hematological characteristics.
Aim. Study of the hematological parameters dependence from the microbiota of the nasal mucosa in patients with various forms of chronic rhinitis.
Material and methods. The examination groups included 45 patients with chronic allergic rhinitis (CAlR), 49 patients with chronic vasomotor rhinitis (CVR), 32 patients with chronic atrophic rhinitis (CAR), 39 patients with chronic infectious rhinitis (CIR) and 40 people from the control group. The subjects with chronic rhinitis, as well as the control group, underwent bacteriological examination of the nasal mucosa and assessment of hematological parameters. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10 package.
Results. The microbiome of the nasal mucosa is characterized by 100% infection with infectious agents in CIR, while fungal flora was detected in 1/3 of cases. The microbiological features of the nasal mucosa in CVR corresponded to the control, in CAR rhinitis - predominantly the growth of Klebsiella spp., in CIR - Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Neisseriae spp., Escherichia spp. Hematological features manifested themselves depending on the form of chronic rhinitis. The greatest number of changes in blood parameters is found in CIR and CAR, less in CAlR, no changes were detected in CVR. The greatest dysbiosis of the nasal mucosa in CIR, the abundant growth of microorganisms of the genus Klebsiella spp in CAR corresponds to the largest number of changes in hematological parameters, and CVR is characterized by the absence of changes in hematological parameters, despite the fact that the microbiological characteristics of the nasal mucosa corresponded to the control.
Conclusion. The microbiota of the nasal mucosa in healthy people and patients from the groups with CAlR, CVR and CAR is represented by a combination of coccal and rod-shaped flora, with the exception of CIR, in which representatives of the fungal flora are identified. Pathogenetically significant is the identification of representatives of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Neisseriae spp., Escherichia spp. in CIR, and Klebsiella spp. in CAR. Most hematological changes are detected in chronic atrophic and infectious rhinitis.
Clinical and hematological characteristics of complicated and intact otitis media
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Gordeeva E. V.
Published: April 2024

Purpose: to evaluate clinical and hematological features and identify patterns in hematological indices in patients with complicated and uncomplicated forms of otitis media.
Materials and methods: The study included 30 patients with otitis media aged from 18 to 70 years: 24 patients (80%) had an uncomplicated course, 6 (20%) had a complicated course (cholesteatomas, mastoiditis). The diagnosis was established taking into account the clinical recommendations of the Russian Ministry of Health (2022) on the basis of a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, otoscopy, and audiological studies.
Clinical, anamnestic and statistical methods were used. Calculation of hematological indices was carried out using a computer program. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10 package. The critical level of statistical significance when testing scientific hypotheses was p 0.05.
Results and conclusions. In the group of patients with complicated otitis media, a more vivid clinical picture and more pronounced changes in hematological parameters were observed. Noteworthy are the features of disturbances in the state of immune homeostasis: with complicated otitis, the ISLE indicator increased 3 times more often, which indicates the predominance of an immediate type reaction in the development of complications. The macrophage system index (MSI) was changed in uncomplicated otitis compared to complicated patients, which indicates a violation of cellular phagocytic protection in otitis media. In all cases, a violation of the effector and affector links of immunity (IAM) was revealed, with a predominance of the effector pathway. In 80% of cases of otitis, disturbances in the interaction of humoral and cellular immunity (LI) were observed.
The multidirectionality of the results obtained requires their further study in order to develop an algorithm for personalized diagnosis of patients with otitis media.
Antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of titanium nickelide augments with the addition of silver nanoparticles for bone grafting: an experimental study
Authors: Borisov Semyon A. , Gordienko Ivan I. , Tsap Natalya A. , Baigonakova Gulsharat A. , Marchenko Ekaterina S. , Larikov Victor A.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The relevance of this study was supported by the increasing number of infectious complications of bone augmentation in children and adults. Currently, porous titanium nickelide alloys are among the most preferred materials used in bone plasty. Despite the observable advantages of porous nickelide titanium alloys in terms of biochemical and biomechanical compatibility with the body, research on the antibacterial activity of alloys is ongoing to counter the development of infections at the implant–biological tissue border.
AIM: To perform an experimental study of the biocompatible antibacterial surface in porous titanium nickelide alloys with the addition of silver nanoparticles.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Titanium nickelide alloys with 62% porosity were obtained using the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method from nickel, titanium, and nanosilver powders at concentrations of 0.2 at.% Ag, 0.5 at.% Ag, and 1.0 at.% Ag, respectively. The experiment was conducted on nine sexually mature female white laboratory rats. They were divided into three groups, with three rats each. All animals were implanted with titanium nickelide along with porous granules of silver additives. The first group was the control, the second received 0.2 at.% silver, and the third received 0.5% silver. The standard method of incubating Staphylococcus epidermidis in liquid broth in the presence of the studied images was used to determine bactericidal activity, followed by seeding on solid media and counting colonies.
RESULTS: The antibacterial effect of the samples on S. epidermidis gradually increased with increasing silver concentration. The significance of the differences between the experiment and control was confirmed by Student’s criterion p 0.005, whereas the sample without silver nanoparticles and the control do not differ significantly. Thus, these alloys may have bioactive properties because they contain silver nanoparticles. An alloy with a silver concentration of 0.5 at.% Ag showed the best antibacterial activity to S. epidermidis. In the clinical evaluation of the results of the experimental study, purulent inflammatory complications were not observed in all animals at all times. On day 75, the animals underwent computed tomography, which showed good occupancy of the bone defect and absence of a dystrophic effect on the area where the bone and soft tissue are in contact with the material.
CONCLUSIONS: If the concentration of silver nanoparticles is increased up to 0.5 at%, the antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of the implant also increase. Clinical experimental evaluation in all groups of animals showed that osteointegration of alloys with 0.5 at.% Ag begins immediately after implantation and is completed 2 weeks earlier than that in the remaining groups.
Soft tissue surgical reconstruction of distal phalanges in children. Review
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander V. , Goncharuk Pavel V. , Idris Lamiya Ya. , Rybchenok Vsevolod V. , Smirnov Alexander A. , Khagurov Ruslan A.
Published: April 2024

Distal phalangeal traumas are among the most common injuries in children. Nowadays, no unified approach has been established for the treatment of children with distal phalangeal defects. Very few domestic publications have devoted to fingertip injuries in children. To date, one of the most common methods of treating children with distal phalangeal defects is the shortening of the finger with stump formation. In cases of distal phalangeal injuries, the most complete restoration of their length, contour, and sensitivity with the preservation of the widest range of motion, and lowest donor site morbidity are necessary. In this literature review, conservative and surgical treatments of patients with distal phalangeal defects are described. The main advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods are highlighted. The systematic search was performed in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, eLibrary, Russian Science Citation Index, and CyberLeninka, and 86 publications devoted to the surgical treatment of patients with fingertip defects were selected. This problem and its treatment require wider coverage and introduction into domestic healthcare.
Crohn’s disease in patients with Hirschsprung disease and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis: A review
Authors: Glushkova Victoria A. , Podkamenev Aleksey V. , Gabrusskaya Tatyana V.
Published: April 2024

In the last decade, the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in children has been increasing. Some studies have reported the development of Crohn’s disease in patients with Hirschsprung disease and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis. Suggestions have been made about the possible causes of the development of Crohn’s-like lesions after intestinal resection in early childhood. This study aimed to summarize information about Hirschsprung-associated Crohn’s disease and Crohn’s-like lesions after surgical treatment of Hirschsprung disease. The search was carried out in scientific databases of eLibrary, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search time interval was 2000–2023. Fourteen articles dedicated to Hirschsprung-associated Crohn’s disease were identified. Common pathogenesis factors in inflammatory bowel diseases and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis were identified, such as microbiota disturbance and chronic inflammation. Predisposing factors for pathological immune response to dysbiosis and incidence of enterocolitis included enteric nervous system dysfunction, impaired neuroimmune regulatory mechanisms, general immunological disturbance, and “immaturity” and abnormality of the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa. The “classic form” of Crohn’s disease may not develop in patients with Hirschsprung disease and recurrent attacks of enterocolitis but Crohn’s-like lesions. Persistent functional or organic obstruction after surgical treatment of Hirschsprung disease enhances the negative effect of predisposing factors, leading to chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Delayed occurrence of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis is a predisposing factor for the development of chronic inflammation. When Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis occurs repeatedly, endoscopic assessment should be performed for the exclusion of Crohn’s disease and chronic inflammatory changes in the anastomosis area for treatment selection.
To the reviewers: Letter of appreciation
Authors: Rozinov Vladimir M.
Published: April 2024

In this article, the editor-in-chief of the journal expresses gratitude to the journal’s reviewers who make valuable contributions to the improvement of the quality of scientific articles. Because of the joint efforts of the editorial board, publisher, authors, and reviewers, the journal was included in the international scientific database Scopus. The article provides a list of reviewers who participated in the work in 2023.