bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital inequality: modernization of Kuznets curve in the digital era
Authors: Imasheva I. Yu. , Kramin T. V.
Published: December 2022

Objective: to study the impact of the level of broadband Internet access on income inequality in Russian regions.

Methods: econometric modeling using the method of analyzing the relationship between inequality and economic growth, developed by Simon Kuznets, for a sample of 82 Russian regions in 2010–2020.

Results: the paper examines the theoretical and practical aspects of income inequality of the population. The basis of many scientific studies is the results obtained by S. Kuznets, repeatedly tested in subsequent works. It is determined that under digital economy, inequality in economic development is also manifested in the spread of broadband Internet access. However, previous studies have not answered whether the further spread of the Internet will lead to increased income inequality. The authors of the study put forward and tested the corresponding hypothesis. Based on the analysis results, the authors draw conclusions about the existence of a nonlinear relationship between economic growth and income inequality, as well as the existence of a link between the spread of broadband Internet access and the reduction of income inequality in the Russian regions. At the same time, the results show that the relationship between the development of broadband Internet access and the Gini coefficient has an inverted U-shaped curve. This relationship is a development or analogue of the Kuznets curve, in which the development of digital infrastructure becomes one of the key factors in reducing inequality.

Scientific novelty: a method for analyzing the relationship between income inequality and digital development is proposed, which is based on the results of econometric modeling. A model is substantiated and constructed that characterizes the impact of broadband Internet access on income inequality in Russia.

Practical significance: the study results substantiate the need to increase the level of broadband Internet connectivity as one of the indicators of reducing income inequality in the Russian regions and, thus, indicate the directions of regional policy in the field of digital infrastructure development.
Prospects of developing business ecosystems: competition, cooperation, specialization
Authors: Kobylko A. A.
Published: December 2022

Objective: based on the analysis of modern ecosystems, to determine the promising forms of their dissemination.

Methods: abstract-logical research method, methods of information analysis and synthesis were used in the study.

Results: in the recent years, ecosystems have been actively developed in management practice. Despite the constant growth of their number, the phenomenon itself has been studied rather poorly, without a clear legal and organizational structure. This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of various scenarios for the formation and functioning of ecosystems; their promising options are identified. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the main approaches to the study of ecosystems are identified: technological, product, and as a set of companies. The Russian practice of ecosystem organization was analyzed, on which basis the key features of ecosystems were identified, distinguishing them from traditional business models. A comprehensive review of the relationships between the constituent elements of the ecosystem was carried out, regarding its partners, stages of formation and specific management methods, and interactions with competitors. The main approaches to the organization of interaction within ecosystems – totalitarian, authoritarian and democratic – were studied. The peculiarities of the organization of competition and partnership of ecosystems with other market participants were also considered. Based on the practice of merging ecosystems, the prospects for the development of mega-ecosystems were determined.

Scientific novelty: as a result, a number of approaches to the development of ecosystems in an extensive and intensive aspect were identified. Standard expansion options based on mergers and acquisitions of other enterprises typical of classical companies can be supplemented by interactions of several ecosystems within the framework of common projects and their joint formation. It is determined that the formation of highly specialized ecosystems is a more rational way of their development than the processes of merging and absorption of ecosystems. The scientific novelty also lies in the application of the analysis of internal and external forms of interaction in ecosystems to identify promising forms of development in new sectors of the economy.

Practical significance: it consists in offering an original approach to the formation of ecosystem companies, as well as the possibility of creating a combination of a number of services based on a virtual ecosystem.
Critical analysis and assessment of prospects of development of a tax for digital services
Authors: Semenova E. V. , Sidorov D. V.
Published: December 2022

Objective: to critically analyze the international experience and proposals of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) on the international unification of the digital tax and assess the prospects for the development of this sector of the economy, identify bottlenecks and prospects for the introduction of a similar tax in the Russian Federation.

Methods: a dialectical approach to the cognition of economic regularities, which allows analyzing their development and functioning in the context of a set of objective factors, which determined the choice of the following research methods: formal-logical, economic analysis of the main trends in the construction and development of digital taxation, internal and external tax control.

Results: the article discusses the current problems, foreign experience and prospects for the transition of states to the introduction of a new indirect tax – a tax on digital services. Forecasts of growth of tax revenues from digital business have been confirmed. The authors identify two trends in the international practice of digital tax development. The main methodological problems of the new tax are outlined, including the preservation of the neutrality principle, the single tax burden, the identification of the users’ location, the determination of income sources. The risks of a significant increase in the tax burden for companies and users, complication of transaction reporting systems, etc. are identified. The allocation of a tax on digital services in the Russian Federation as an independent tax is justified. The positive effect for the state and the Russian market of digital services is indicated.

Scientific novelty: the paper summarizes the foreign experience of electronic economy taxation, for the first time justifies the need to adapt the national version of the digital tax, taking into account the peculiarity of the modern political and economic situation; despite the Russian support of the OECD directive, the conclusion is made about the need to segment support for the web economy with an alternative in the form of penalties for abuse in this sphere. This approach can be used as a potential opportunity to protect the national digital services market from international competition and pressure.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering issues related to the management of the digital economy, ensuring fairness and neutrality of taxation.
Columbine as a type of youth destructivism
Authors: Glukhova A. A. , Iudin A. A. , Shpilev D. A.
Published: December 2022

Objective: to analyze the reasons for senior schoolchildren’s interest to destructive social groups dedicated to challenges, criminal culture, weapons, erotic and sex, dangerous leisure, death and suicide, mass killings and violence, and drugs; to describe the hierarchy of interests and life values of adolescents based on the research results (questionnaire survey of schoolchildren and multidimensional content analysis of VKontakte social network).

Methods: general scientific (analysis, system-structural approach to the analysis of the research object, comparative-legal method) and specific scientific methods (questionnaire survey of schoolchildren, N = 589, conducted in April 2021, and multidimensional content analysis of VKontakte social network, 314,708 fragments).

Results: the interests of schoolchildren to various groups in social networks were analyzed. The determinants of joining groups are factors such as the degree of trust in relationships with parents, plans for the future, the amount of time spent daily on the Internet, the tendency to hedonism in everyday life. The methods of involving adolescents in the destructive ideology of the Columbine movement were revealed.

Scientific novelty: two groups of users of sites propagating the destructive ideology of Columbine movement were identified: the core (characterized by the abundance of negative moods, these social network users are potentially capable of committing terrorist acts) and the periphery (characterized by an increased general interest in extreme leisure activities). The hierarchy of interests and life values of representatives of the core and the periphery is described; assumptions are made about the ways and reasons for the flow of users from the core to the periphery and back. The study showed that the breeding ground for Columbine and other destructive youth network movements are the adolescents who do not have trust relationships with their parents, are aimed at enjoying life here and now, do not have clear plans for the future, and prefer virtual communication to real one.

Practical significance: the materials of the article can be useful to federal and regional authorities in implementing various aspects of youth policy, preventing sociopathic behavior of the youth, ensuring the safety of educational institutions, as well as to scientists researching destructive youth network movements.
Breaking news of social problems: examining media consumption and student beliefs about school shootings
Authors: Elsass H. J. , Schildkraut J. , Stafford M. C.
Published: December 2022

Objective: to explore the relationship between college students’ media consumption and their attitude to school shootings in the United States of America.

Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, and sociological.

Results: School shootings are considered by many to be a social problem in need of a solution. While episodic in nature, they generate fear and concern, particularly as a result of the amount of attention they garner by and through the media. The present study explores the relationship between college students’ media consumption and their beliefs that school shootings are a problem in the United States. A survey was administered to 442 university students in fall 2012 and included measures of specific modes through which media is consumed, including television, newspaper, and social media, which then were analyzed to assess such a relationship. The results indicate that social media—Twitter 2 in particular—are significant predictors of students’ beliefs about school shootings. These findings also represent an important shift in media production that encourages a more participatory discourse with audience members. Implications for journalistic practices, study limitations, and directions for future research also are discussed.

Scientific novelty: The present study sought to examine the impact of media consumption on respondents’ beliefs that school shootings are a problem in the U.S. It was hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between the amount of media that students consume and their belief that school shootings are a problem. It was found that the more students use social media, and Twitter in particular, the stronger their beliefs that school shootings are a social problem. Not all media use, however, was related to these beliefs in accordance with cultivation theory.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the crime prevention and suppression.
Disseminated Group G Streptococcus mimicking systemic vasculitis with skin, lung, and eye manifestations: A Case Report.
Authors: Bartels Helen Caroline , Pham Michael M
Published: December 2022

Background:
Group G streptococcal species can represent normal human flora as asymptomatic colonization. In the setting of infection, group G streptococcus can invade multiple structures and present broadly including bacteremia, toxic shock syndrome, endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, necrotizing skin infections, pharyngitis, and others. Severe cases tend to be more common in patients of increasing age or with chronic illnesses. Here we report a case of disseminated group G streptococcus mimicking systemic vasculitis.
Case Presentation: A 41-year-old white male was hospitalized with a five-day history of fevers, chills, painful bilateral leg rash, generalized arthralgias, and right eye redness, pain and severe vision loss. Medical history was significant for minimal change disease treated with prednisone and cyclosporine.
On admission, he was noted to be cushingoid with edematous erythema at the left hand, and bilateral lower limb rash. The right eye was inflamed with hypopyon. Laboratory studies demonstrated mild leukocytosis, modest thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, with elevated CRP and creatinine. Urinalysis was positive for proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and pyuria. CT chest demonstrated right upper lobe consolidation.
There was concern for systemic vasculitis and cellulitis of the left hand. Intravenous methylprednisolone and empiric antibiotics were initiated.
Ophthalmology was consulted for right uveitis and aspirated fluid from the anterior chamber. Dermatology biopsied the lower limb rash and identified leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Pulmonology performed bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage of the right upper lobe. Prior renal pathology was re-reviewed. Rheumatology was consulted due to suspicions for systemic vasculitis.
Lancefield group G streptococcus was ultimately cultured from multiple blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and right eye aspirate. There was no evidence of endocarditis on imaging. It was concluded that the source of the bacteremia and disseminated infection was most likely the left-hand cellulitis.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, we present the first case of disseminated Group G streptococcal infection presenting with the constellation of bacteremia, endophthalmitis, focal mass-like lung consolidation, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis of lower extremities. The multi-organ distribution mimicked a systemic small vessel vasculitis. This case highlights the importance of infectious etiologies in the differential diagnosis of vasculitis – especially in the setting of infectious risk factors.
Preoperative chemoradiation-induced hematological toxicity and related vertebral dosimetry evaluations in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer: data from a phase III clinical trial
Authors: Wang Ji-jin , Shao Han , Zhang Li , Jing Ming , Xu Wen-jing , Sun Heng-wen , Zhou Zhi-wei , Zhang Yu-jing
Published: December 2022

Background
To explore the hematological toxicity (HT) induced by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) and to identify the appropriate vertebral body (VB) dosimetric parameters for predicting HT in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC).
Methods
In the phase III study, 302 patients with GC from an ongoing multi-center randomized clinical trial (NCT 01815853) were included. Patients from two major centers were grouped into training and external validation cohorts. The nCT group received three cycles of XELOX chemotherapy, while the nCRT received the same dose-reduced chemotherapy plus 45 Gy radiotherapy. The complete blood counts at baseline, during neoadjuvant treatment, and in the preoperative period were compared between the nCT and nCRT groups. The VB was retrospectively contoured and the dose-volume parameters were extracted in the nCRT group. Patients’ clinical characteristics, VB dosimetric parameters, and HTs were statistically analyzed. Instances of HT were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 (CTCAE v5.0). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to identify the optimal cut-off points for dosimetric variables and verify the prediction efficiency of the dosimetric index in both training and external validation cohorts.
Results
In the training cohort, 27.4% Grade 3 + HTs were noted in the nCRT group and 16.2% in the nCT group (P = 0.042). A similar result was exhibited in the validation cohort, with 35.0% Grade 3 + HTs in the nCRT group and 13.2% in the nCT group (P = 0.025). The multivariate analysis of the training cohort revealed that V5 was associated with Grade 3 + leukopenia (P = 0.000), Grade 3 + thrombocytopenia (P = 0.001), and Grade 3 + total HTs (P = 0.042). The Spearman correlation analysis identified a significant correlation of V5 with the white blood cell nadir (P = 0.0001) and platelet nadir (P = 0.0002). The ROC curve identified the optimal cut-off points for V5 and showed that V5 < 88.75% could indicate a decreased risk of Grade 3 + leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and total HTs in the training as well as the external validation cohorts.
Conclusions
Compared with nCT, nCRT could increase the risk of Grade 3 + HT in patients with locally advanced GC. Dose constraints of V5 < 88.75% in irradiated VB could reduce the incidence of Grade 3 + HT.
A Field Experiment Using Social Media Ads to Encourage COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Çat Olgahan , Chang Jiseon , Hlatky Roman , Li Huimin , Nielson Daniel
Published: December 2022

Behavioral nudges in Facebook ads encouraged Covid-19 vaccine signup across six diverse countries. The ads reached nearly 14 million people and, consequently, many thousands took the concrete step of navigating to governments' vaccine signup sites. However, none of the treatment ads caused significantly more vaccine signup than placebo across all countries. Critically, reporting the descriptive norm that 87 percent of people worldwide had either been vaccinated or planned vaccination---social proof---did not meaningfully increase vaccine signup in any country and significantly backfired in South Africa and Taiwan. This result contradicts prominent prior findings. A charge to “protect lives in your family” significantly outperformed placebo in Brazil and Taiwan but saw mixed effects elsewhere. A message noting that vaccination significantly reduces hospitalization risk significantly increased signup in Brazil, Taiwan, and Turkey, had no significant effects in South Africa or Russia, and significantly backfired in the United States. Such heterogeneity was the the hallmark of the study: some messages saw significant treatment effects in some countries but failed in others. No nudge outperformed any other condition in Russia, a location of high vaccine skepticism. In all, widely touted behavioral nudges often fail to promote vaccine uptake and appear to be highly moderated by cultural context.
Cu-doped SnO2/rGO nanocomposites for ultrasensitive H2S detection under low temperature
Authors: Sun Jianhai , Chen Tingting , Xue Ning , wang wen , Jiang Kaisheng , Zhou Tianye , Quan Hao
Published: December 2022

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection remains a significant concern to balance the sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit at low temperatures. Herein, we reported a Cu-doped SnO2/rGO nanocomposites emerged as one of the promising candidate materials for H2S sensors utilizing a facile solvothermal method. A series of characterizations of Cu-SnO2/rGO was carried out to characterize its surface morphology, chemical composition, and crystal defects. The optimal sensor response toward 10 ppm H2S is around 1415.7 at 120℃, which is over 320 times higher than that of pristine SnO2 CQDs (Ra/Rg = 4.4) at 280℃. Moreover, it has excellent selectivity, superior linear working range (R2 = 0.991, 1-150 ppm), fast response time (31 s to 2 ppm), and ppb-level H2S detection (Ra/Rg = 1.26 to 50 ppb) at 120℃. In addition, the sensor can still maintain high performance even at extremely high humidity (90%) and have outstanding long-term stability. These superb H2S sensing properties can be attributed to the doping element Cu catalytic sensitization and the synergistic effect between Cu-SnO2 and rGO, which offer abundant active sites for O2 and H2S absorption and accelerate the transfer of electrons/holes.
Unbounded Composition Operators on Orliczspaces
Authors: Baboli Mostafa Namdar , Estaremi Yousef
Published: December 2022

In this paper we deal with unbounded composition operators defined in Orlicz spaces. Indeed, we provide some necessary and sufficient condition for densely definedness of composition operators on Orlicz spaces. Also,we will investigate the adjoint of densely defined composition operators andwe give some equivalent conditions for it to be densely defined. In addition, weshow that densely defined composition operator Cφ is continuous if and onlyif it is everywhere defined. Finally, we characterize densely defined continuouscomposition operators.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 47B25, 47B38.
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Squirrel Cage Induction Generators Operating under Unbalanced Conditions
Authors: Kouchih Djilali , Hachelaf Redouane
Published: December 2022

This work involves a new approach for the analysis of the squirrel cage induction generators operation operating under unbalanced load conditions. For this purpose, a state model is synthetized considering the change of the stator common point voltage during unbalanced conditions. Theoretical and experimental studies have been investigated to extract some important electromagnetic signatures such as common point voltage, stator voltages and currents. This approach offers a good compromise between modeling precision and simulation time. Simulation and experimental results show good coherence with previous results which have been obtained using symmetrical components and finite elements methods.
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Authors: ElDin Omar Salah , El-Sawy Ahmed , Taha Mohamed
Published: December 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
In-Depth Analysis of Combine Machine Learning and Open Source Security Tools to Enhance Host-Based Intrusion Detection
Authors: Kebede Nibretu , Gebremeskel Gebeyehu Belay
Published: December 2022

Computer networks made the world a small village. However, this sophisticated and ever-growing communication network suffers from rapidly increasing attacks (intrusions). Various solutions with low detection rates, high false alarms, high processing time, large trace sizes, and other challenges. In this paper, we proposed a model for combining machine learning and open-source security tool for host-based intrusion detection systems based on the anomaly-based technique and the signature or misuse-based approaches. We applied machine learning algorithms using Australia Defense Force Academy Linux Data set for the anomaly-based technique. Features are selected from the ADFA-LD data set using N-gram based feature extraction mechanism. We have configured one of the host-based intrusion detection tools called open-source security for signature-based intrusion detection. The experimental result showed that the performance of the proposed model is promising in terms of detection rate, false-positive rate, and processing time. We applied three machine learning algorithms: SVM, KNN, and RF for binary and multi-classification, and we gained better performance in binary class classification than in multi-class classification. As the experimental result, the accuracy of SVM is 96.26% with a 5.1% false-positive rate (FPR), KNN is 96.71% with 3.28% FPR, and RF is 96.86% with 3.9% FPR.
Impact of The Armed Conflict in Colombia: Consequences in The Health System, Response and Challenges
Authors: Bernal Oscar , Garcia-Betancourt Tatiana , León-Giraldo Sebastián , Moreno Lina Rodríguez , González-Uribe Catalina
Published: December 2022

Introduction

In Colombia, health and conflict research has focused on mental health, psychosocial care, displacement, morbidity and mortality. Few scientific studies have assessed health system functioning during armed conflict. In the context of a new period characterized by the implementation of the peace agreement with the FARC armed group, understanding the effects of armed conflict in the health system, the functions and institutions shaped by the conflict is an opportunity for understating pathways and the scope post-conflict health policy reforms. Therefore, this study was conceived to assess the effects of armed conflict on the health system, the response and mechanisms developed to protect medical mission during the armed conflict in Colombia.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion. The qualitative guide collected information in four sections: 1) conflict and health system; effects and barriers in health service provision, 2) actions and coordination to cope with those barriers 3) health policies and armed conflict 4) post accord and current situation. A total of 22 people participated in the interviews, including 8 Policymakers at national level and 7 at local level – 2 NGO´s – 5 Members of international organizations. An academic project event in December 2019 and four focus group were developed (Coffee World technique), to discuss with national and local stakeholder, the effects of armed conflict in health system and an analytical framework to analyze its consequences

Results

The conflict affected the health-seeking behavior of the population, limited access to healthcare provision, affected health professionals, and was associated with inadequate medical supplies in conflict areas. The health system implemented mechanisms to protect the medical mission, regulate healthcare provision in conflict areas and committed to healthcare provision (mental and physical health services) for the population displaced by the conflict.

Conclusion

Presence, trust and legitimacy of the state has been truncated during recent years, but its recovery is essential and must be based on the real presence of the state and health services in the territories and dispersed rural areas.
Rapid Detection of Typhoid Salmonellas (Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum) and non-Typhoid Salmonellas (Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium) in Poultry through Multiplex-PCR Molecular Method
Authors: Jigheh Ali Khodadadeh , Anzabi Younes
Published: December 2022

The Salmonella serotypes are detected mainly through traditional microbiologic methods, which are associated with problems. The invention of rapid molecular detection methods has somewhat resolved these problems. This study aimed to assess the possibility of rapid detection of typhoid and non-typhoid Salmonellas in poultry using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 40 isolates of Salmonella from industrial poultry were collected veterinary laboratories in Tabriz, Iran. After microbiological and serological tests, we confirmed that 27 out of 40 isolates belonged to the Salmonella entrica species. Differential tests revealed that 15, 7, 2, and 3 isolates were Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Pullorum, respectively. We then used specific primers to multiply the genes invA, rfbJ, lygD, I137_08605, and speC. The 27 isolates were then genotypically analyzed through multiplex-PCR. The results showed that all 27 isolates and the standard strains of all 4 bacteria carry the invA gene, while this gene was absent in 13 non-Salmonella isolates. The I137_08605 gene was present in all isolates and the standard strains of S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum; the rfbJ and lygD genes were present in all isolates of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium and their standard strains; and the speC gene was present in all isolates of S. Gallinarum and some isolates of S. Typhimuriumand S. Entritidis and their standard strains. It seems that typhoid Salmonellas of poultry, i.e., S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum, can be discriminated from non-typhoid Salmonellas through the multiplex-PCR molecular method.
Evaluation of biomarkers from peritoneal fluid as predictors of severity for abdominal sepsis patients following emergency laparotomy
Authors: Zhao Jie , Zhang Teng , Deng Zhe , Han Xia , Ma Tao , Xie Keliang
Published: December 2022

Background: An intra-abdominal infection is regarded as the second most course of sepsis, and results in either localized or diffused inflammation of the peritoneum. The main treatment of abdominal sepsis is emergency laparotomy for source control. However, surgical trauma also causes inflammation and patients may become susceptible to postoperative complications. Therefore, it is necessary to identify biomarkers that can be used to distinguish sepsis from abdominal infection. Herein, the aim of this study was to investigate whether cytokines in abdominal cavity predict septic complications and their ability to indicate severity of illness following emergency laparotomy.
Methods: We prospectively observed fifty-eighty patients with abdominal infection admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after emergency open abdominal surgery. SEPSIS-3 criteria were used for the diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock group. Blood samples and peritoneal fluid were drawn within eight hours of admission after surgery, clinical data were collected. Concentrations of cytokines both from serum and abdominal cavity were measured by using the LEGENDplexTM ®technique based on the flow cytometer.
Results: We found significant elevations in peritoneal concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α,IL-17 ,IL-2 in the sepsis or septic shock patients compared with non-sepsis group after surgery. Positive correlations between these peritoneal cytokines with APACHE II scores, especially IL-6 had the highest correlation coefficient of 0.833. At meantime, IL-10 in the blood, chemokines of MCP-1 and IL-8 both in blood and peritoneum were extremely high in abdominal sepsis and septic shock patients, and also positive correlated with disease severity.
Conclusions: This study suggests that cytokine storm occurred in abdominal cavity after emergency laparotomy which may be a main mechanism leading to sepsis. It may be useful to conduct IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α,IL-17 ,IL-2 ,MCP-1 and IL-8 from the peritoneal fluid, combined with serum IL-10, MCP-1 and IL-8, into a cytokine panel, which may be valuable for assessing severity of sepsis and predicting mortality for abdominal infection after emergency laparotomy.
Home inhaled nitric oxide therapy in a child with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with pulmonary venous obstruction
Authors: Sugitani Yuichiro , Muneuchi Jun , Yamada Hiromu , Watanabe Mamie , Matsumura Takeshi , Masaki Naoki , Ochiai Yosie
Published: December 2022

We present the case of a child with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction who were treated with home inhaled nitric oxide therapy. The patient underwent corrective surgery at the age of 7 days; however, he developed postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction. Cardiac catheterization at the age of 2 months showed that mean pulmonary venous pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were 53 mmHg and 9.0 Wood unit m2, respectively. He underwent pulmonary venous reconstruction, but it resulted in recurrent pulmonary venous obstruction. Subsequently, he underwent stent implantation in the pulmonary vein. Histopathological findings of the lung specimen showed that intimal hyperplasia in the pulmonary arteries and arterialization in the pulmonary veins, suggesting intractable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Inhaled nitric oxide decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 81 mmHg to 51 mmHg. Despite the introduction of pulmonary vasodilators including tadalafil and bosentan, inhaled nitric oxide could not discontinue. We implemented home inhaled nitric oxide therapy, which allowed the patient to be discharged for home-care medication. Our case suggested that home inhaled nitric oxide therapy was feasible in a child with intractable pulmonary arterial hypertension who were expected to be poor outcome.
Triage of in vivo burn injuries using artificial neural networks and physical modeling of the terahertz dielectric permittivity based on the double Debye relaxation parameters
Authors: Khani Mahmoud E. , Harris Zachery , Osman Omar , Singer Adam , Arbab M. Hassan
Published: December 2022

The initial assessment of the depth of a burn injury during triage forms the basis for determination of the course of the clinical treatment plan. However, severe skin burns are highly dynamic and hard to predict. This results in a low accuracy rate of about 60% to 75% in the diagnosis of partial-thickness burns in the acute post-burn period. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has demonstrated a significant potential for non-invasive and timely estimation of the burn severity. Here, we describe a methodology for the measurement and numerical modeling of the dielectric permittivity of the in vivo porcine skin burns. We use the double Debye dielectric relaxation theory to model the permittivity of the burned tissue. We further investigate the origins of dielectric contrast between the burns of various severity, as determined histologically based on the percentage of the burned dermis, using the empirical Debye parameters. We demonstrate that the five parameters of the double Debye model can form an artificial neural network classification algorithm capable of automatic diagnosis of the severity of the burn injuries, and predicting its ultimate wound healing outcome by forecasting its re-epithelialization status in 28 days. Our results demonstrate that the Debye dielectric parameters provide a physics-based approach for the extraction of the biomedical diagnostic markers from the broadband THz pulses. This method can significantly boost dimensionality reduction of THz training data in artificial intelligence models and streamline machine learning algorithms.
Saudi Arabia: Strategic Environment and Nuclear Security
Authors: Nunes André
Published: December 2022

This article aims to discuss the possibility for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to develop nuclear weapons to balance Iran, should the Persian state become a nuclear power in the Middle East region. Thus, the research was developed based on the statement by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman who said his country would develop a nuclear bomb if Tehran took the first step in this direction. In addition, it was sought to work with an approach as close as possible to the internal vision of the Saudi Arabian government, with statements from Saudi political personalities and government officials. This work addresses the Saudi regional context; the Iranian threat; Saudi Arabia’s deterrent alternatives; and, finally, the Kingdom’s capabilities in developing its own nuclear program.
Cartografia do patrimônio cultural vivo do Bairro da Terra Firme, Belém-Pará
Authors: Morais Vanessa Malheiro
Published: December 2022

Os atos de levantar e cruzar informações sobre a cultura, o território e o patrimônio cultural do bairro, identificando e localizando indivíduos, grupos, instituições, lugares, saberes e fazeres locais, com o protagonismo dos próprios moradores, contribuiu diretamente na valorização das manifestações culturais e expressões artísticas da comunidade. Para o mapeamento participativo, foram confrontadas e somadas, as metodologias do processo cartográfico e a dinâmica da diversidade do patrimônio cultural do bairro, enquanto modalidade investigativa da realidade social. Os resultados apresentados contemplam o levantamento cadastral, o diagnóstico sociocultural e a construção das bases cartográficas, que são os documentos cartográficos de dados socioculturais.
What may the different writings on the maps say?
Authors: Palagiano Cosimo
Published: December 2022

The writings of some ancient maps are very interesting because they let us know some aspects of the views and the life models of the ancient societies.
urbanização terciária em Quixadá – CE
Authors: Miranda de Sousa Samuel Antonio
Published: December 2022

O artigo trata do processo da urbanização terciária no município de Quixadá. Esse fenômeno se dá principalmente pelo aumento da população urbana em detrimento da rural e por uma forte orientação da economia urbana no sentido do terciário, evidenciada pelo peso deste setor no PIB local, pela estrutura do emprego formal e pelo crescimento no número de estabelecimentos observados. Quixadá tem hoje sua economia direcionada predominantemente para o setor terciário, que se expandiu nos últimos trinta anos. No entanto, a forma como essa economia terciária se desenvolve em Quixadá chama atenção pela presença de alguns equipamentos comerciais e de serviços, que são bem distintivos e que contam com uma oferta cada vez maior de produtos e serviços sofisticados.
Transliteração de topônimos e nomes próprios de belarusso para português
Authors: Costa Paterson Franco , Franco Volha Yermalayeva
Published: December 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo abordar a prática de transliteração do idioma belarusso para o alfabeto latino e apresentar o padrão de transliteração elaborado para o idioma português. A metodologia consiste na leitura comparativa de textos técnicos acerca do alfabeto belarusso latino e dos padrões de transliteração mais utilizados. O referencial teórico se concentra nos trabalhos de Taraškievič (1918) e os padrões da ICAO (2021) e UNGEGN (2007), das Nações Unidas, além da análise linguística de Sussex e Cubberley (2006) e Barbosa (1990). Como resultado prático do trabalho, apresentamos a tabela de transliteração de belarusso para português, com exemplos de topônimos e nomes próprios transliterados e explicações. Apresentamos ainda, uma ferramenta on-line para transliteração automática baseada no padrão proposto.
Concept of Grandmother : Developing Cognitive Signs from Motivating Ones
Authors: Ibraimova Gul'sara
Published: December 2022

The article describes the primary cognitive signs of the grandmother concept in Russian linguistic culture. This concept received almost no comprehensive studies in modern linguistic literature. The research objective was to structure its motivating signs in their correlation with Russian myths and symbols. The research relied on eleven Etymological Dictionaries of the Contemporary and Old Russian Language. The obtained material was generalized and illustrated based on etymological, descriptive, interpretive, and conceptual analyses. The author revealed 46 motivating signs represented by 14 subgroups: 1. Ancient sacred symbols (seven signs): (water) spirit, (female) mythological character, stone idol / idol on ancient mounds, Pleiades (constellation), ancestor, sheaf, block / post / stump. 2. Woman (five signs): (female) sex, woman / wife, nurse, to assist in childbirth, to give birth. 3. Social status (five signs): witch, sorceress, healer, midwife, matriarch. 4. Relationship (five signs): to be pregnant, to be married, grandfather's wife, mother's / father's mother, relationship. 5. Game (three signs): playing blind man's bluff, dice, children's toy. 6. Inner world (one sign): soul. 7. Object of the natural world (eight signs): atmospheric object, butterfly / moth / insect, bud, cornflower, (unfolded) flower, bird (pelican), muddler / goby fish, oak-apple. 8. Age (two signs): elderly, old / old woman. 9. Status (two signs): headdress (married women), plait (around the head of a married woman). 10. Subject (three signs): tool for driving in piles; stand; bench. 11. Assessment (two signs): pet form, of low birth. 12. Part of animal's body (one sign): hoof bone. 13. Bread (one sign): bakery product. 14. Illness (one sign): smallpox. All signs in subgroups woman, game, age, assessment, animal body part, bread, and illness proved to be cognitive. Almost all signs in the remaining subgroups also proved cognitive, with several exceptions: ancient sacral symbols (block / post / stump), social status (healer), kinship (married), objects of the natural world (atmospheric object, bud), status (headdress of a married woman).
Developing Metalinguistic Skills in Primary School Students with General Speech Underdevelopment
Authors: Almazova Anna , Savvidi Marina
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the theoretical and practical issues of metalinguistic skills in primary school children. Metalinguistic activity is an important parameter of linguistic personality assessment since its analysis can reveal various language impairments. The authors described the metalinguistic level of third-grade primary school students with general speech underdevelopment and specified the phonological, morphological, syntactic, and pragmatic components for each level. The research was based on such cognitive operations as identification, analysis, synthesis, and generalization. The obtained statistics on the interrelation of metalinguistic components made it possible to develop a typology of phonological and morphological exercises based on practicing the corresponding cognitive operations. The article outlines the main directions of speech therapy, which may be of interest to primary school teachers and speech therapists.
Pedagogical Model of Developing Communicative Culture in Future Managers during Foreign Language Acquisition
Authors: Stenyashina Nadezhda
Published: December 2022

The Bachelor of Management studies are based on the idea of lifelong education. The curriculum includes academic models, technologies, and methods that develop culture and communication skills. This research featured the process of developing the communicative culture in future bachelors of management during foreign language acquisition using the method of interdisciplinary integration. The research methods included various diagnostic tools, e.g., questionnaires, tests, conversation, survey, interview, etc. The article also contains a review of Russian psychological and pedagogical scientific publications. The authors used interdisciplinary links between Foreign Language and various professional disciplines to design a new pedagogical model. This model included a system of complementary functional blocks. It defined a set of organizational and pedagogical conditions, principles, methods, and training tools that made it possible to model real situations and various aspects of managerial activity. The authors developed an optional interdisciplinary complex called Bridge to Communication. The complex proved effective in developing speaking skills as a tool of business communication and communicative culture.
Wpływ Normal Tissue Objective (NTO) na rozkład dawki w planowaniu radioterapii raka prostaty z jednoczasowym zintegrowanym boostem (SIB)
Authors: Paluszyńska Marta , Bąk Olga , Borowska Patrycja , Sobocka-Kurdyk Urszula
Published: December 2022

Jednym z najczęstszych nowotworów wśród mężczyzn w Polsce jest nowotwór gruczołu krokowego, a jednym ze sposobów jego leczenia jest radioterapia z jednoczasowym zintegrowanym boostem (SIB, ang. Simultaneous Integrated Boost), który umożliwia dostarczenie różnych dawek do różnych objętości docelowych w ramach jednej frakcji leczenia.

Ze względu na położenie prostaty pomiędzy narządami krytycznymi niezbędne jest uzyskanie dużego spadku dawki wokół obszaru tarczowego (PTV, ang. Planning Target Volume) a jednym ze sposobów osiągnięcia tego jest zastosowanie w systemie planowania leczenia (TPS, ang. Treatment Planning System) Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) funkcji optymalizacji The Normal Tissue Objective (NTO). Jest to zoptymalizowany zestaw parametrów wejściowych, które ostatecznie pełnią funkcję pierścienia dookoła PTV.

W pracy zostały porównane plany bez NTO, automatycznym ustawieniem NTO oraz o różnych kombinacjach priorytetu p (50, 200 i 500) oraz spadku dawki (ang. fall-off) k (0,05, 0,2 i 1). W planach zostały porównane rozkłady dawek, współczynniki konformalności (CI, ang. Conformity Index) i gradientu (GI, ang. Gradient Index) oraz dawki w narządach krytycznych (OAR, ang. Organs at Risk).

Na rozkładach dawek wyraźnie widać, że NTO jest skutecznym narzędziem do ograniczenia dawki poza objętością PTV. Współczynnik konformalności określający stopień dopasowania kształtu izodoz do kształtu obszaru tarczowego i na wszystkich planach utrzymywał się na podobnym poziomie, a jego średnia wartość wynosiła 0,529±0,196. Współczynnik gradientu stanowi różnicę między promieniami odpowiadającymi izodozom dawki zadanej oraz połowy dawki zadanej, więc jego mniejsza wartość oznacza większy spadek dawki poza PTV. Obserwowany jest dla planów o większym priorytecie, ale niestety jest to związane ze spadkiem pokrycia w PTV. Analiza dawek w narządach krytycznych wykazała, że funkcja optymalizacji NTO wykorzystywana w planowaniu raka gruczołu krokowego, prawdopodobnie ze względu na jego anatomiczne położenie, nie ma istotnego wpływu na redukcję dawki w sąsiednich tkankach.

Dalsze badania nad NTO zakładają większą grupę planów i wartości wejściowych parametru lub zmianę lokalizacji.
Riesgo por fugas accidentales de gas licuado de petróleo hacia trabajadores y comunidad en las ciudades de Nacimiento, Cabrero, La Laja y Mulchén (Chile)
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile, Silva Adrián , Contreras Rodolfo ,   Universidad de Concepción, Los Ángeles, Chile, Barrandeguy Margarita ,   Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Published: December 2022

Se evaluaron los riesgos de fugas de GLP, desde estanques de almacenamiento, hacia trabajadores y la comunidad en cuatro ciudades en Chile. La información de los estanques fue obtenida desde fuentes públicas y privadas, complementada con trabajo de campo. Se consideraron estanques de 2 m3 y 4 m3. Se aplicaron las metodologías de análisis de riesgo NTP 937 (2012) y APELL (2015), además del software Slab View para modelar el comportamiento espacial y temporal de las fugas. Como resultado se identificaron 41 estanques de GLP. Del análisis de la aplicación la metodología NTP 937 (2012) se obtuvo que el riesgo por inhalación en 8 de los 9 puestos de trabajo evaluados es de nivel moderado y que el puesto de trabajo con mayor riesgo laboral corresponde al trabajador doméstico con un riesgo moderado y una prioridad de acción clase 2, por lo que se necesita probablemente de medidas correctoras y una evaluación más detallada. De la utilización de la metodología APELL (2015) se obtuvo que en las cuatro ciudades las fugas de GLP tendrían un efecto sobre los trabajadores y la comunidad a un nivel de prioridad clase B y C pudiendo en el último caso ocasionarse heridas graves y serias complicaciones a trabajadores o personas. Finalmente, con Slab View se obtuvo que no existe riesgo por intoxicación debido a que los tiempos de exposición para concentración de 10000 ppm son menores a los 10 min sugeridos por los niveles AEGL (EPA, 2016) y que existen situaciones tiempodistancia en donde se alcanzan concentraciones de 19000 ppm que podrían ocasionar deflagraciones y una eventual explosión.