bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Title Research of Carbon Oil Quasi-Viscous Properties on Deposits of Volga-Ural Region of Russia
Authors: Dijashev R. N. , Zejgman J. V. , Rogachev M. K.
Published: October 2008

The report is devoted to the estimation of intensity of display of quasiviscous properties of oils of depositions of bottom and medial Carbon. By the studies held earlier it has been demonstrated, that at the increased maintenance in oils of asphaltic-resinous components and paraffins filtering of oils in formation takes place with deflections from Darcy linear law. A consequent of oil display quasi-viscous properties is a reason of formation zones of the depressed filtering or stagnant zones, decrease of completeness of oil displacement and increase of expenses at production activity.

According to the experiments results it is established:

– viscosity of oils with not destroyed spatial pattern is on the order and more exceed viscosity of the same oils with completely destroyed structure. Accordingly, mobility of oils in pore space in terrigene rocks due to structuring decreases at 2-17 times. – intensity of display of anomalies of oil viscosity and mobility in many respects depends on amount and gas-phase composition. Oil viscosity and mobility anomalies in terrigene rocks intensify with gas content increase. – oil with quasi-viscous properties by the character of capillary flow relate to pseudo-plastic liquids. Static pressure and gradients of pressure of shift are noted in oils with the increased maintenance of heavy paraffin hydrocarbons.

Quantitative estimations of rheological and filtration characteristics of reservoir and separated oils, which account will raise reliability of designing of development and field construction of deposits with non-Newton oils are given.
Application of Permanent Magnet Motors in Oil Production
Authors: Azanov Igor , Shamigulov Arthur
Published: October 2008

Asynchronous submersible electric motors are currently used most commonly to drive electrical submersible pumps. At the same time, the possibility of improving their performance has been practically exhausted, and the need to reduce power consumption presents specialists with the task of increasing the efficiency of energyintensive technological processes including ESP oil production. Permanent magnet motors, which have already occupied a leading position in a number of areas, have better performance characteristics than asynchronous submersible electric motors.

ESP system drives based on permanent magnet motors were not used in the oil industry until recently, but they are currently achieving wider application at the fields of various oil-producing companies.

Many oil industry equipment producers have developments in this field, e.g. JSC RITEK, CJSC KB Neftemash, and others. This also includes LLC Borets, which supplies series VEDBT 117 mm submersible permanent magnet motors for TNK-Nizhnevartovsk and SNGDU-2.
New Approach of Integrated Validation of Reservoir Oil Properties in Reserves Estimation and Field Development Planning
Authors: Nugaeva A. N. , Brusilovsky A. I.
Published: October 2008

This paper presents an integrated approach to validate reservoir oil volumetries and determine their properties versus pressure used in field development planning and monitoring. This approach allows reconciliation of reservoir oil properties used both in reserves estimation and field development planning and monitoring.

The paper reviews an engineering procedure of generating an adequate multicomponent reservoir oil model based on laboratory analysis of representative reservoir oil samples and their recombination using equation of state. The procedure does not require recourse to regression analysis which is routinely used in Eclipse, VIP and other simulators.

With specific reference to hydrocarbon systems of the West Siberian fields, we review the influence of the actual onsite separation conditions and official standard concerning stock-tank oil vapor pressure on values of such volumetric parameter as formation volume factor, stock-tank oil density, solution gas-oil ratio.
Associated Petroleum Gas Conversion into Liquid Hydrocarbons in Barrier Discharge Plasma
Authors: Goncharov I. V. , Veklich M. A. , Lopatin V. V.
Published: October 2008

Experimental data on natural gas hydrocarbons conversion in the low-temperature plasma are provided. The impact of different process parameters (pulse rate, volumetric gas throughput) upon gas hydrocarbons conversion degree is examined. In order to increase the liquid hydrocarbon output and decrease reactor size, the multitubular composition of plasma-chemical reactor was applied. Positive results demonstrated the possibility of using multitubular reactors when working with high frequencies (200 Hz and higher) in order to obtain higher hydrocarbons from lower methane homologs.
Analysis of Causes of Hign-Rate Corrosion Occurring at Electric Motors of Submersible Pumps
Authors: Daminov Azat , Ragulin Victor , Voloshin Alexander , Litvinenko Vitalii , Mikhailov Alexander , Tyapov Oleg
Published: October 2008

The problem of corrosion damages of submersible equipment installed in wells does exist in almost all the oil producing regions in spite of different production conditions, equipment operation and produce composition.

The analysis of submersible pump operating conditions at RN-Purneftegas JSC has shown that cavitation-erosion effect exerted on the equipment under the conditions of extremely high fluid flow velocities in the electric motor-flow tubing annular space is one of the principal causes of rapid corrosion of submersible electric motors. The corrosion process under high watercut conditions (>80%) is encouraged should the formation water saturated with dissolved carbon dioxide contact the electric motor exterior surface. Resulting corrosion reduces the well overhaul period by a factor of ten. The annual loss amounts to 130 mln. roubles.

To increase the mean-time-between-failures of electrical centrifugal pump (ECP) units the procedures have been worked out to improve the operational integrity of the submersible pumping equipment and methods of corrosion activity reduction by means on inhibiting the produce.
Sidetracking Implementation on Western Siberia Oil Fields with Jurassic Reservoirs
Authors: Koshovkin I. N. , Fomin A. I. , Shevelev P. V. , Molodykh P. V. , Utkina K. E.
Published: October 2008

Nowadays sidetracking is an effective technology that allows increasing of residual oil production as well as recovering damaged wells. During 2006 – 2007 JSC Tomskneft drilled 69 sidetracks mainly in Jurassic reservoirs. Average oil flow rate after sidetracking reached 29 tons per day, average water cut equals 49 percent. Liability of modeling is 97 percent for liquid flow rate and 76 percent for oil flow rate. There are several geological and technological reasons for lower actual production rates. This report summarizes methodical issues of sidetracking decision making process.
Integrated Modeling of the Priobskoe Oilfield
Authors: Antonenko D. A. , Pavlov V. A. , Sevastyanova K. K. , Usmanov T. S. , Zhdanov R. M.
Published: October 2008

At present time the integrated modeling is a new and dynamically developing area of the present-day petroleum engineering. At the classical approach to filed development, the reservoir, well and surface facilities models, as a rule, are created and optimized separately from each other. However, attempt of optimizing the field development system as a whole should consider for the interaction of all elements of the field development system, since optimization of one element can lead to changes in input condition and deoptimization of the others. Such approach means that the field development optimization should combine reservoir, well and surface facilities modeling to allow the field development managing based on maximizing technical and economic performance.

Creation of the integrated model for such huge fields as Priobskoe demands enormous computing expenses and does not allow fast enough necessary calculations for operative optimization of development system by means of the integrated reservoir-well-facilities model.

This article provides a discussion on the rescaling issues of the existing detailed field model. A typical rescaling procedure, consisting in proportional integration of the cells sizes of reservoir hydrodynamic model up to tens meters and more, appeared an insufficient for satisfying the objectives. There was a necessity of creation of an integrated model with the optimum size of an element comparable with the size of one pad.

This article demonstrates the technique of the hydrodynamic model construction, consisting of several hundreds not of orthogonal cells, the issues of properties averaging and production activity in a cell-pad, and reviews the results of comparison initial and approached ("proxy") field models. The final model integrated well and surface facilities models. It allowed to reduce essentially an estimated time of the integrated model, and thus to predict operatively with the required accuracy the basic technological indicators of the Priobskoe field development and to optimize the field development and surface facilities design.
Rotary Gas Separators in High GOR Wells, Field and Lab Tests Comparison
Authors: Drozdov A. N. , Verbitckiy V. S. , Dengaev A. V. , Arseniev A. A. , Litvinenko V. A. , Khabibullin R. A. , Litvinenko K. V. , Elichev V. A.
Published: October 2008

Monitoring and testing of subsurface equipment is crucial when stepping up artificial lift efficiency. Oil production using electrical submersible pumps (ESP) in RN-Purneftegas was initially complicated by a strong gas influence. The main method to increase ESP performance in wells with a high GOR is using rotary gas separators. Subsurface equipment adjustment for high GOR conditions, including gas separator calibration, is of primary importance, due to a strong influence of the ESP design on well performance.

To perform the corresponding calculations, appropriate data is necessary. Currently, there are many tools and measurement devices for oil production monitoring and controlling, however, it is impossible to use its data without a good understanding of all the parts of the "reservoir-well-pump" production chain. The artificial lift team formed under Rosneft's New Technology System program conducted a wide range of field tests. The main goal of such tests was gathering information for parameter analysis and proper timing of ESPs with malfunctions in rotary gas separators. The collected information about real field performance was then used for validation of the accuracy of the lab data for gas separator performance, acquired by Russian State Oil&Gas University. It was concluded that the gas separator performance data obtained in laboratory if combined with correlation for natural separation prediction can be used for total separation efficiency estimation. The test results allowed us to estimate the potential for oil production increase at over 700 tons per day in Purneftegas.
Retrieving Vuggy-Fractured Porosity from Standard Well Log Data
Authors: Nadezhdin Oleg , Borisov Gleb , Savichev Vladimair
Published: October 2008

While FMI-logged wells are quite scarce at the field under investigation, the standard log complex is normally present in all the wells. This paper tackles the task of retrieving vuggy-fractured porosity using standard log data with the end of further transferring the synthetic vuggy-fractured porosity (VFP) data across all the field's wells having standard log data.
DNA Barcoding in a Crop Genebank: The Capsicum annuum Species Complex
Authors: Jarret Robert L.
Published: October 2008

Variability within eight cpDNA introns including trnS-trnfM, trnL-trnT, trnH-psbA, trnF-trnL, trnD-trnT, trnCrpoB,
rps16 and matK, and the nuclear waxy introns was examined in seven species of Capsicum (C. annuum, C.
baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. pubescens, C. chacoense and C. rhomboideum) in order to evaluate the
feasibility of utilizing these loci for DNA barcoding within the C. annuum complex. Numerous insertions/deletions
(indels) and substitutions were detected in all cpDNA introns. However, none was sufficient to differentiate the individual
members of the C. annuum complex (C. annuum, C. chinense and C. frutescens). Variation within trnL-trnT, trnF-trnL
and trnH-psbA enabled the differentiation of the complex from the other taxa examined. In contrast, single base indels and
substitutions within the waxy introns permitted the differentiation of all taxa within the plant materials examined. The use
of trnH-psbA or trnL-trnT, and the waxy introns is proposed for barcoding members of the C. annuum complex.
Effect of the Simulated Disinfection by Microwave Energy on the Impact Strength of the Tooth/Acrylic Resin Adhesion
Authors: Consani Rafael L.X. , Mesquita Marcelo F. , Zampieri Marinaldo H. , Mendes Wilson B. , Consani Simonides
Published: October 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of simulated microwave disinfection on the tooth/acrylic resin impact strength. Acrylic molar teeth with a wax stick attached to the ridge lap were included in brass flasks. Specimens were made with Classico thermopolymerized acrylic resin, according to the groups: 1 and 5 - tooth with no treatment (control); 2 and 6 – tooth bur abrasion; 3 and 7 – tooth bur retention; and 4 and 8 – tooth monomer etch. Eighty specimens (n=10) were polymerized in bath cycle at 74ºC for 9 hours and deflasked after flask cooling. Specimen from groups 2, 4, 6 and 8 was submitted to simulated microwave disinfection in a microwave oven at 650W for 3 minutes. Impact strength test was performed with an Otto Wolpert-Werke machine (Charpy system) with an impact load of 40 kpcm. Fracture load value was transformed into impact strength as a function of the bond area (kfg/cm2). Collected data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=.05) and results indicate that the simulated microwave disinfection decreased the impact strength in all treatments.
An Overview of ARM Program Climate Research Facility Data Quality Assurance
Authors: Peppler R.A. , Long C.N. , Sisterson D.L. , Turner D.D. , Bahrmann C.P. , Christensen S.W. , Doty K.J. , Eagan R.C. , Halter T.D. , Iveyh M.D. , Keck N.N. , Kehoe K.E. , Liljegren J.C. , Macduff M.C. , Mather J.H. , McCord R.A. , Monroe J.W. , Moore S.T. , Nitschke K.L. , Orr B.W. , Perez R.C. , Perkins B.D. , Richardson S.J. , Sonntag K.L. , Voyles J.W. , Wagener R.
Published: October 2008

We present an overview of key aspects of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Climate Research Facility (ACRF) data quality assurance program. Processes described include instrument deployment and calibration; instrument and facility maintenance; data collection and processing infrastructure; data stream inspection and assessment; problem reporting, review and resolution; data archival, display and distribution; data stream reprocessing; engineering and operations management; and the roles of value-added data processing and targeted field campaigns in specifying data quality and characterizing field measurements. The paper also includes a discussion of recent directions in ACRF data quality assurance. A comprehensive, end-to-end data quality assurance program is essential for producing a high-quality data set from measurements made by automated weather and climate networks. The processes developed during the ARM Program offer a possible framework for use by other instrumentation- and geographically-diverse data collection networks and highlight the myriad aspects that go into producing research-quality data.
ECGpred: Correlation and Prediction of Gene Expression from Nucleotide Sequence
Authors: Singh Raghava Gajendra Pal , Hwang Da Jeong , Han Joon Hee
Published: October 2008

Development of gene expression prediction systems from huge amount of microarray data is an inevitable
problem. In the present study a support vector machine (SVM) based method has been developed to predict expression of
genes from its nucleotide sequence. In this method, SVM was trained on microarray data of genes and trained SVM was
used to predict the expression of other genes of the same organism under the same condition. The SVM models were developed
using nucleotide, dinucleotide, and trinucleotide composition of genes and achieved correlation coefficients (r)
0.25, 0.70, 0.82 respectively, between predicted and experimentally determined gene expression. Besides, trinucleotide
composition, we also tried codon composition in each forward reading frame and achieved the correlation r = 0.86, 0.83
and 0.73 between the predicted and the actual expression using trinucleotide composition from the first, second and third
frames respectively. The method was developed on 4807 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained from Holstege et al., (1998) and evaluated using 5-fold cross validation techniques. A web server ECGpred has been developed to allow
users to understand the relationship between expression and various components of genes like coding/non-coding regions,
transcription factor (http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/ecgpred/).
A consensus map of chromosome 6R in rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Stojałowski Stefan , Myśków Beata , Milczarski Paweł , Masojć Piotr
Published: October 2008

Four F2 mapping populations derived from crosses between rye inbred lines DS2×RXL10, 541×Ot1-3, S120×S76 and 544×Ot0-20 were used to develop a consensus map of chromosome 6R. Thirteen marker loci that were polymorphic in more than one mapping population constituted the basis for the alignment of the four maps using the JoinMap v. 3.0 software package. The consensus map consists of 104 molecular marker loci including RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, SSRs, ISSRs, SCARs, STSs and isozymes. The average distance between the marker loci is 1.3 cM, and the total map length is 135.5 cM. This consensus map may be used as a source of molecular markers for the rapid development of new maps of chromosome 6R in any mapping population.
The ceramide structure of GM1 ganglioside differently affects its recovery in low-density membrane fractions prepared from HL-60 cells with or without triton-X100
Authors: Panasiewicz Mirosława , Domek Hanna , Hoser Grażyna , Fedoryszak Natalia , Kawalec Maciej , Pacuszka Tadeusz
Published: October 2008

Gangliosides are characteristically enriched in various membrane domains that can be isolated as low density membrane fraction insoluble in detergents (detergent-resistant membranes, DRMs) or obtained after homogenization and sonication in 0.5 M sodium carbonate (low-density membranes, LDMs). We assessed the effect of the ceramide structure of four [3H]-labeled GM1 ganglioside molecular species (GM1s) taken up by HL-60 cells on their occurrence in LDMs, and compared it with our previous observations for DRMs. All GM1s contained C18 sphingosine, which was acetylated in GM1(18:1/2) or acylated with C14, C18 or C18:1 fatty acids (Fas)
Prognostic factors in the persistence of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating head injuries sustained in war
Authors: Eftekhar Behzad , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Nouralishahi Banafsheh , Khaji Ali , Vahabi Zahra , Ghodsi Mohammad , Araghizadeh Hassan , Soroush Mohammad Reza , Esmaeili Sima Karbalaei , Masoumi Mehdi
Published: October 2008

Object

The goal of this paper was to investigate the long-term outcome and the possible prognostic factors that might have influenced the persistence of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating head injuries sustained during the Iraq–Iran war (1980–1988).

Methods

In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated 189 patients who sustained penetrating head injury and suffered posttraumatic epilepsy during the Iraq–Iran war (mean 18.6 ± 4.7 years after injury). The probabilities of persistent seizures (seizure occurrence in the past 2 years) in different periods after injury were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The possible prognostic factors (patients and injury characteristics, clinical findings, and seizure characteristics) were studied using log-rank and Cox regression analysis.

Results

The probability of persistent seizures was 86.4% after 16 years and 74.7% after 21 years. In patients with < 3 pieces of shrapnel or no sphincter disturbances during seizure attacks, the probability of being seizure free after these 16 and 21 years was significantly higher.

Conclusions

Early seizures, prophylactic antiepileptics drugs, and surgical intervention did not significantly affect long-term outcome in regard to persistence of seizures.
Treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Enterprise stent: a multicenter registry
Authors: Mocco J , Snyder Kenneth V. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Bendok Bernard R. , Boulos Alan S. , Carpenter Jeffrey S. , Fiorella David J. , Hoh Brian L. , Howington Jay U. , Jankowitz Brian T. , Liebma N Kenneth M. , Rai Ansaar T. , Rodriguez-Mercado Rafael , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Veznedaroglu Erol , Hopkins L. Nelson , Levy Elad I.
Published: October 2008

Object

The development of self-expanding stents dedicated to intracranial use has significantly widened the applicability of endovascular therapy to many intracranial aneurysms that would otherwise have been untreatable by endovascular techniques. Recent Food and Drug Administration approval of the Enterprise Vascular Reconstruction Device and Delivery System (Cordis) has added a new option for self-expanding stent-assisted intracranial aneurysm coiling.

Methods

The authors established a collaborative registry across multiple institutions to rapidly provide largevolume results regarding initial experience in using the Enterprise in real-world practice. Ten institutions (University at Buffalo, Thomas Jefferson University, University of Florida, Cleveland Clinic, Northwestern University, West Virginia University, University of Puerto Rico, Albany Medical Center Hospital, the Neurological Institute of Savannah, and the Barrow Neurological Institute) have provided consecutive data regarding their initial experience with the Enterprise.

Results

In total, 141 patients (119 women) with 142 aneurysms underwent 143 attempted stent deployments. The use of Enterprise assistance with aneurysm coiling was associated with a 76% rate of ≥ 90% occlusion. An inability to navigate or deploy the stent was experienced in 3% of cases, as well as a 2% occurrence of inaccurate deployment. Procedural data demonstrated a 6% temporary morbidity, 2.8% permanent morbidity, and 2% mortality (0.8% unruptured, 12% ruptured).

Conclusions

The authors report initial results of the largest series to date in using the Enterprise for intracranial aneurysm treatment. The Enterprise is associated with a high rate of successful navigation and low occurrence of inaccurate stent deployment. The overall morbidity and mortality rates were low; however, caution should be exercised when considering Enterprise deployment in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage as the authors' experience demonstrated a high rate of associated hemorrhagic complications leading to death.
Maffucci syndrome associated with a pituitary adenoma and a probable brainstem tumor
Authors: Ruivo Joana , Antunes João Lobo
Published: October 2008

Malignancies are a common feature of Maffucci syndrome, with chondrosarcomas being the most common tumor type. The authors present the first case of Maffucci syndrome associated with a pituitary adenoma and a probable brainstem glioma and review the literature concerning intracranial tumors related to this disease.

They report the case of a 35-year-old woman with Marfucci syndrome (diagnosed when she was 22 years old) who presented with complaints of decreased visual acuity and visual field defect. Neuroimaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma and a suspected brainstem tumor. The macroadenoma was partially removed. There were no postoperative complications and the patient experienced rapid improvement in visual acuity. On follow-up examination 2 years later, the lesion in the pons showed the same dimensions. No sarcomatous changes of enchondromas or hemangiomas occurred.

To the authors' knowledge, including the present case, only 7 cases of Maffucci syndrome associated with glioma and 7 cases associated with pituitary adenoma have been reported in the literature. This report emphasizes that patients with this disease are at a higher risk for primary intracranial tumors and reinforces the concept of the multiplicity of tumors that may arise in this syndrome. It also underscores the importance of early diagnosis, regular clinical surveillance, and follow-up studies of these patients.
Ruptured pseudoaneurysm following Gamma Knife surgery for a vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Akamatsu Yousuke , Sugawara Takayuki , Mikawa Shigeki , Saito Atsushi , Ono Sadafumi , Takayama Kazuo , Jokura Hidefumi , Seki Hirofumi
Published: October 2008

A 75-year-old woman underwent Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for a vestibular schwannoma. Eight years after GKS, she suffered sudden onset of headache. Computed tomography revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage around the cisterns of the posterior fossa. Right vertebral artery angiography showed an aneurysm arising from the lateral pontomedullary segment of the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery. The aneurysm was not located at a branching site. Trapping of the distal anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm was performed, and the aneurysm was removed. The pathological features of this aneurysm are discussed. This aneurysm was diagnosed as a pseudoaneurysm pathologically. This is the first report of aneurysm formation with pathological findings following GKS for a vestibular schwannoma.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for skull base meningioma: long-term results of low-dose treatment
Authors: Iwai Yoshiyasu , Yamanaka Kazuhiro , Ikeda Hidetoshi
Published: October 2008

Object

In this study, the authors evaluate the long-term results after Gamma Knife radiosurgery of cranial base meningiomas. This study is a follow-up to their previously published report on the early results.

Methods

Between January 1994 and December 2001, the authors treated benign cranial base meningiomas in 108 patients using low-dose Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The tumor volumes ranged from 1.7 to 55.3 cm3 (median 8.1 cm3), and the radiosurgery doses ranged from 8 to 12 Gy (median 12 Gy) to the tumor margin.

Results

The mean duration of follow-up was 86.1 months (range 20–144 months). Tumor volume decreased in 50 patients (46%), remained stable in 51 patients (47%), and increased (local failure) in 7 patients (6%). Eleven patients experienced tumor recurrence outside the treatment field. Among these patients, marginal failure was seen in 5 and distant recurrence was seen in 6. Seven patients were thought to have malignant transformation based on histological or radiological characteristics of the lesion. The actuarial progression-free survival rate, including malignant transformation and outside recurrence, was 93% at 5 years and 83% at 10 years. Neurological status improved in 16 patients (15%). Permanent radiation injury occurred in 7 patients (6%).

Conclusions

Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a safe and effective treatment for cranial base meningiomas as demonstrated with a long-term follow-up period of > 7 years. Surgeons must be aware of the possibility of treatment failure, defined as local failure, marginal failure, and malignant transformation; however, this may be the natural course of meningiomas and not related to radiosurgery.
Resection of insular gliomas: the importance of lenticulostriate artery position
Authors: Moshel Yaron A. , Marcus Joshua D.S. , Parker Erik C. , Kelly Patrick J.
Published: October 2008

Object

The object of this study was to identify characteristic preoperative angiographic and MR imaging features of safely resectable insular gliomas and describe the surgical techniques and postoperative clinical outcomes.

Methods

Thirty-eight patients with insular gliomas underwent transsylvian resection between 1995 and 2007. Patient demographics, presenting symptoms, pathological findings, and neurological outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative MR imaging–defined tumor volumes were superimposed onto the preoperative stereotactic cerebral angiograms to determine whether the insular tumor was confined lateral to (Group I) or extended medially around (Group II) the lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs).

Results

Twenty-five patients (66%) had tumors situated lateral to the LSAs and 13 (34%) had tumors encasing the LSAs. Insular gliomas situated lateral to the LSAs led to significant medial displacement of these vessels (161 ± 39%). In 20 (80%) of these 25 cases the boundaries between tumor and brain parenchyma were well demarcated on preoperative T2-weighted MR images. In contrast, there was less displacement of the LSAs (130 ± 14%) in patients with insular gliomas extending around the LSAs on angiography. In 11 (85%) of these 13 cases, the tumor boundaries were diffuse on T2-weighted MR images. Postoperative hemiparesis or worsening of a preexisting hemiparesis, secondary to LSA compromise, occurred in 5 patients, all of whom had tumor volumes that extended medial to the LSAs. Gross-total or near-total resection was achieved more frequently in cases in which the insular glioma remained lateral to the LSAs (84 vs 54%).

Conclusions

Insular gliomas with an MR imaging–defined tumor volume located lateral to the LSAs on stereotactic angiography displace the LSAs medially by expanding the insula, have well-demarcated tumor boundaries on MR images, and can be completely resected with minimal neurological morbidity. In contrast, insular tumors that appear to surround the LSAs do not displace these vessels medially, are poorly demarcated from normal brain parenchyma on MR images, and are associated with higher rates of neurological morbidity if aggressive resection is pursued. Preoperative identification of these anatomical growth patterns can be of value in planning resection.
Recurrence following neurosurgeon-determined gross-total resection of adult supratentorial low-grade glioma: results of a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Shaw Edward G. , Berkey Brian , Coons Stephen W. , Bullard Dennis , Brachman David , Buckner Jan C. , Stelzer Keith J. , Barger Geoffrey R. , Brown Paul D. , Gilbert Mark R. , Mehta Minesh
Published: October 2008

Object

In 1998, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group initiated a Phase II study of observation for adults < 40 years old with cerebral low-grade glioma who underwent a neurosurgeon-determined gross-total resection (GTR).

Methods

Patient eligibility criteria included the presence of a World Health Organization Grade II astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, or mixed oligoastrocytoma confirmed histologically; age 18–39 years; Karnofsky Performance Scale score ≥ 60; Neurologic Function Scale score ≤ 3; supratentorial tumor location; neurosurgeon-determined GTR; and pre- and postoperative MR imaging with contrast enhancement available for central review by the principal investigator. Patients were observed following GTR and underwent MR imaging every 6 months. Prognostic factors analyzed for their contribution to patient overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and tumor recurrence included age, sex, Karnofsky Performance Scale score, Neurologic Function Scale score, histological type, contrast enhancement on preoperative MR imaging, preoperative tumor diameter, residual disease based on postoperative MR imaging, and baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score.

Results

Between 1998 and 2002, 111 eligible patients were entered into the study. In these 111 patients, the overall survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 99 and 93%, respectively. The PFS rates in these 111 patients at 2 and 5 years were 82 and 48%, respectively. Three prognostic factors predicted significantly poorer PFS in univariate and multivariate analyses: 1) preoperative tumor diameter ≥ 4 cm; 2) astrocytoma/oligoastrocytoma histological type; and 3) residual tumor ≥ 1 cm according to MR imaging. Review of the postoperative MR imaging results revealed that 59% of patients had < 1 cm residual disease (with a subsequent 26% recurrence rate), 32% had 1–2 cm residual disease (with a subsequent 68% recurrence rate), and 9% had > 2 cm residual disease (with a subsequent 89% recurrence rate).

Conclusions

These data suggest that young adult patients with low-grade glioma who undergo a neurosurgeondetermined GTR have a > 50% risk of tumor progression 5-years postoperatively, warranting close follow-up and consideration for adjuvant treatment.
Cavernous angioma of the geniculate ganglion
Authors: Capelle Hans-Holger , Nakamura Makoto , Lenarz Thomas , Brandis Almuth , Haubitz Bernd , Krauss Joachim K.
Published: October 2008

Intracranial extraaxial cavernous angiomas are rare vascular malformations. Their occurrence at the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve within the temporal bone is exceptional. The authors describe a 35-year-old man who developed a slowly progressing facial palsy. Initial cranial MR imaging showed no pathological findings, but 2 years later another MR examination detected a small tumor located at the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. The tumor was removed via a subtemporal approach. Histological examination revealed a cavernous angioma. Even small cavernomas located at the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve may result in facial palsy. Isolated facial palsy in a young person should be monitored closely using imaging studies even if the initial imaging study is negative. Early decompression of the facial nerve may help to preserve its function.
Primary intracranial dural-based synovial sarcoma with an unusual SYT fluorescence in situ hybridization pattern
Authors: Horbinski Craig , Cieply Kathleen , Bejjani Ghassan K. , McFadden Kathryn
Published: October 2008

The authors present the case of an elderly man with a primary dural-based intracranial synovial sarcoma. Histological and immunohistochemical profiles of the lesion were diagnostic for a synovial sarcoma, and molecular studies using fluorescence in situ hybridization were compatible with a synovial sarcoma. A wide array of spindle cell neoplasms has been described as originating in the dura. To the authors' knowledge, however, this is only the second primary durabased intracranial synovial sarcoma ever reported, emphasizing the importance of a broad differential diagnosis when encountering spindle cell lesions of the meninges.
Myxoid chondrosarcoma in the pineal region
Authors: Sorimachi Takatoshi , Sasaki Osamu , Nakazato Shinji , Koike Tetsuo , Shibuya Hiroyuki
Published: October 2008

The authors report a case of a myxoid chondrosarcoma of the pineal region in a 37-year-old woman who presented with an intratumoral hemorrhage. Partial removal of the tumor in an initial surgery resulted in failure to establish a definitive diagnosis. The residual tumor enlarged after a second intratumoral hemorrhage 14 months after the onset of the first symptoms, and gross-total resection of the tumor was achieved in a second surgery. Histological and immunohistochemical findings after the second surgery were consistent with a diagnosis of myxoid chondrosarcoma. Radical excision of a tumor was considered to play an important role in the management of intracranial myxoid chondrosarcoma.
Demonstration of uneven distribution of intracranial pulsatility in hydrocephalus patients
Authors: Eide Per K.
Published: October 2008

Object

Data from intracranial pressure (ICP) recordings in patients with hydrocephalus were reviewed to determine whether intracranial pulsatility within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cerebral ventricles (ICPLV) may differ from that within the brain parenchyma (ICPPAR), and whether pulsatility may differ between noncommunicating ventricles.

Methods

The authors retrieved data from recordings previously obtained in 7 patients with hydrocephalus (noncommunicating in 4 and communicating in 3) and shunt failure who received both an external ventricular drainage (EVD) and an ICP sensor as part of surveillance during intensive care. Simultaneous ICPLV and ICPPAR signals were available in 6 cases, and simultaneous signals from the lateral and fourth ventricles (ICPLV and ICP4V, respectively) were recorded in 1 case. The recordings with both signals were parsed into 6-second time windows. Pulsatility was characterized by the wave amplitude and rise time coefficient, and differences in pulsatility between the ICPLV and ICPPAR signals (6 cases) or ICPLV and ICP4V signals (1 case) were determined.

Results

There was uneven distribution of intracranial pulsatility in all 7 patients, shown as significantly elevated pulsatility (that is, higher wave amplitudes and rise time coefficients) within the ventricles (ICPLV) than within brain parenchyma (ICPPAR) in 6 patients, and significantly higher pulsatility in the fourth (ICP4V) than in the lateral (ICPLV) ventricles in 1 patient. Differences ≥1 mm Hg in ICP wave amplitude were found in 0.5–100% (median 9.4%) of observations in the 7 patients (total number of 6-second time windows, 68,242).

Conclusions

The present observations demonstrate uneven distribution of intracranial pulsatility in patients with hydrocephalus, higher pulse pressure amplitudes within the ventricular CSF (ICPLV) than within the brain parenchyma (ICPPAR). This may be one mechanism behind ventricular enlargement in hydrocephalus.
Clinical application of sensory protection of denervated muscle
Authors: Bain James R. , Hason Yaniv , Veltri Karen , Fahnestock Margaret , Quartly Caroline
Published: October 2008

Following proximal peripheral nerve injury, motor recovery is often poor due to prolonged muscle denervation and loss of regenerative potential. The transfer of a sensory nerve to denervated muscle results in improved functional recovery in experimental models. The authors here report the first clinical case of sensory protection. Following a total hip arthroplasty, this patient experienced a complete sciatic nerve palsy with no recovery at 3 months postsurgery and profound denervation confirmed electrodiagnostically. He underwent simultaneous neurolysis of the sciatic nerve and saphenous nerve transfers to the tibialis anterior branch of the peroneal nerve and gastrocnemius branch from the tibial nerve. He noted an early proprioceptive response. Electromyography demonstrated initially selective amelioration of denervation potentials followed by improved motor recovery in sensory protected muscles only. The patient reported clinically significant functional improvements in activities of daily living. The authors hypothesize that the presence of a sensory nerve during muscle denervation can improve functional motor recovery.
Combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization as primary treatment of hydrocephalus for infants with myelomeningocele: long-term results of a prospective intent-to-treat study in 115 East African infants
Authors: Warf Benjamin C. , Campbell Jeffrey W.
Published: October 2008

Object

Shunt dependence is more dangerous for children in less developed countries. Combining endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) was previously shown to treat hydrocephalus more effectively than ETV alone in infants < 1 year of age. The goal of this prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ETV-CPC as primary treatment of hydrocephalus in infants with myelomeningocele.

Methods

One hundred fifteen consecutive East African infants with myelomeningocele requiring treatment for hydrocephalus were intended for primary management using ETV-CPC. Patient information was prospectively entered into a database. Outcomes were evaluated by life table analysis. Potential predictors for treatment failure were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Ninety-three patients had a completed ETV-CPC with > 1 month of follow-up. The ETV-CPC procedure was successful in 71 patients (76%), with a mean and median follow-up of 19.0 months. Treatment failures occurred before 6 months in 86% of the patients, and none occurred after 10 months. The operative mortality rate was 1.1%, and there were no infections. Life table analysis suggested that 72% of the patients would be successfully treated using a single ETV-CPC and 78% would remain shunt-independent with reopening of a closed ETV stoma. Multivariate logistic regression showed scarring of the cistern (p = 0.021) or choroid plexus (p = 0.026) as predictors of failure, but age at the time of surgery was not a significant predictor.

Conclusions

Using ETV-CPC appears to successfully provide a more durable primary treatment of hydrocephalus for infants with spina bifida than does shunt placement. These results support ETV-CPC as the better treatment option for these children in developing countries.
Long-term survival of an infant with gliomatosis cerebelli
Authors: Rorke-Adams Lucy B. , Portnoy Harold
Published: October 2008

Gliomatosis cerebri is an uncommon but well-established central nervous system neoplasm that occurs primarily in adults. Although the neoplastic process typically arises in the cerebrum, it often spreads to brainstem, cerebellum, or even the spinal cord. In this report the authors document the surgical treatment of a 13-month-old boy whose tumor arose in the cerebellum and over time extended to the thalamus where its growth halted at age 3 years and 10 months. Aside from 2 partial resections the patient underwent neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy. He is now 21 years old and functions independently.
Percutaneous intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone for treatment of an aneurysmal bone cyst at C-2
Authors: Ohashi Masayuki , Ito Takui , Hirano Toru , Endo Naoto
Published: October 2008

An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare skeletal tumor that accounts for ~ 1% of all bone tumors. A spinal location for an ABC is very rare. Methods for treatment of an ABC include resection, curettage, embolization, and intralesional injection of a variety of agents. The patient in this case was a 9-year-old girl presenting with neck pain who was diagnosed with an ABC involving the C-2 spinal level. Percutaneous intralesional injections of calcitonin and methylprednisolone were performed. Two years and 7 months after the initial injection, a CT scan showed massive bone formation and cortical thickening without a change in the size of the lesion. To the authors' knowledge, this is the third reported case of intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone for treatment of an ABC. This method is safe and effective, and is an important alternative to surgery, especially when a surgical procedure is technically difficult or unsafe in high-risk patients.
Diagnosing cranial fasciitis based on distinguishing radiological features
Authors: Johnson Keyne K. , Dannenbaum Mark J. , Bhattacharjee Meenakshi B. , Illner Anna , Dauser Robert C. , Whitehead William E. , Jea Andrew , Luerssen Thomas G.
Published: October 2008

Primary skull lesions, albeit rare in the pediatric population, have been well described and classified. These lesions are usually benign and commonly present as a painless mass. The most common lesions are epidermoid, dermoid, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cranial fasciitis, encountered less frequently, is usually not considered in this differential diagnosis. Given such few cases reported, it is commonly misdiagnosed preoperatively.

The authors retrospectively reviewed data obtained in 4 patients with cranial fasciitis in whom the diagnosis was based on histopathological findings. In 2 patients the onset of the lesion was spontaneous. One patient had a lesion 4 months following a vacuum extraction and subsequent cephalohematoma formation. One patient developed a lesion following a previous craniectomy. Presentation, imaging studies, and histopathological findings were all reviewed and analyzed. All patients presented with a firm nontender mass. Radiological features included a lytic bone lesion with a mildly sclerotic margin, T1 isodensity, T2 heterogeneous hyperdensity, and heterogeneous enhancement. The enhancing portion was not bright on T2-weighted MR images, likely representing the fibrous component; the nonenhancing portion was bright on T2-weighted images, likely representing the myxoid matrix. Histopathological examination revealed proliferating fibroblasts in a myxoid matrix.

Cranial fasciitis is a benign, painless but rapidly growing lesion of the skull mainly limited to the pediatric population. It is histologically similar to nodular fasciitis, a fibroblastic proliferation of varying size. These lesions are often related to trauma but can also be insidious or can develop at a prior craniectomy site. The appropriate clinical picture and distinguishing radiographic features may help to differentiate cranial fasciitis from other lesions of the skull allowing for earlier intervention.
Comparative Efficacy of Piperazine Citrate, Levamisole and Pineapple Leaves Extract Against Naturally Infected Ascariasis in Indigenous Chickens
Authors: Hoque ME , Mostafa M , Awal MA , Choudhury ME , Hossain MA , Alam MA
Published: October 2008

The experiment was carried out to determine the comparative efficacy of piperazine citrate, levamisole and pineapple leaves extract as anthelmintics against ascariasis in chicken in the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the period from July to October 2004. Accordingly forty chickens naturally infected with ascarid parasite were selected for this experiment. The chickens were equally divided into 4 (A, B, C and D) groups. Group A was kept as infected control, while groups B, C and D were treated with piperazine citrate, levamisole and pineapple leaves extract, respectively. Although pineapple leaves extract showed less effectiveness in reducing parasite count in postmortem examination than piperazine citrate and levamisole but its use may be encouraging because of less adverse effects. In all treated groups total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin estimation (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) significantly (p < 0.01) increased and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and total leukocyte count (TLC) significantly (p < 0.01) decreased. Body weight was found to be increased following administration of piperazine citrate, levamisole and pineapple leaves extract. Key words: Piperazine citrate, levamisole, pineapple leaves, ascariasis, chicken doi:10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1521 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (1): 27-29