bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Primary Genital Herpes
Authors: Kinghorn G. R. , Turner E. B.
Published: April 2023

An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be a useful indicator of cervical infection in primary genital herpes infections. Mean ESR in 26 patients with both vulval and cervical herpetic lesions showed a highly significant elevation compared to that obtained from 13 patients with vulval herpetic lesions alone (P < 0.001) and also to that obtained from 527 female control patients with no clinical abnormality (P < 0.001). The ESR should be a routine test in all female patients who are either clinically suspected, or are contacts of genital herpes.
Pedicle myiasis by Lucilia caesar (Diptera, Calliphoridae): An emerging disease in roe deer from north‐western Spain
Authors: Martínez‐Calabuig Néstor , Panadero Rosario , Remesar Susana , García‐Dios David , Saldaña Ana , Díaz Pablo , Prieto Alberto , Díez‐Baños Pablo , Morrondo Patrocinio , López Ceferino M.
Published: April 2023

A total of 35 male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Lugo province (north‐western Spain) were examined for pedicle myiasis between 2020 and 2022. All these animals had died by different causes and were examined or preserved just after their death to avoid post‐mortem infestations. After external and internal head inspection, five animals were diagnosed with severe myiasis at the basis of the antlers (14.29%; 95% confidence interval = 5.38–31.04). All the affected bucks presented a cutaneous wound (1.5–15 cm in diameter) around the pedicles with extensive tissue destruction, exposition of frontal and parietal bones, and massive infestation by dipteran larvae (2–12 mm long). Four of five roe deer showed whitish egg clusters adhered to the basis of the antlers. Moreover, in one animal, six larvae had penetrated the cranial cavity, and in two of them larvae were also found in the nasopharyngeal cavity. All the cases were recorded in summer (May–August). Morphological identification and subsequent molecular confirmation revealed that all animals were infested by different larval stages of Lucilia caesar (Diptera: Calliphoridae). This study represents the first report of pedicle myiasis in Spain. Since this disease is reported sporadically, the detection of five cases in a short period of time suggests an increase in the incidence of this myiasis.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and mortality in patients with spinal fractures in ICUs
Authors: Li Shaojin , Zhang Luming , Yin Haiyan , Zhang Guowei , Tan Minghui , Cai Zhenbin , Huang Tao , Lin Hongsheng , Lyu Jun
Published: April 2023

Background

Spinal fracture is a common traumatic condition in orthopaedics, accounting for 5%–6% of total body fractures, and is a high‐risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), which seriously affects patient prognosis.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of VTE prophylaxis on the prognosis of patients with spinal fractures in intensive care units (ICUs) and to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment and nursing.

Design

A retrospective study of patients with spinal fractures from the multicenter eICU Collaborative Research Database.

Method

The outcomes of this study were ICU mortality and in‐hospital mortality. Patients were divided into the VTE prophylaxis (VP) and no VTE prophylaxis (NVP) groups according to whether they had undergone VTE prophylaxis during their ICU admission. The association between groups and outcomes were analysed using Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curve, log‐rank test and the Cox proportional‐hazards regression model.

Results

This study included 1146 patients with spinal fractures: 330 in the VP group and 816 in the NVP group. KM survival curves and log‐rank tests revealed that both ICU and in‐hospital survival probabilities in the VP group were significantly higher than in the NVP group. After the Cox model was adjusted for all covariates, the hazard ratio for ICU mortality in the VP group was 0.38 (0.19–0.75); the corresponding value for in‐hospital mortality in the VP group was 0.38 (0.21–0.68).

Conclusions

VTE prophylaxis is associated with reduced ICU and in‐hospital mortality in patients with spinal fractures in ICUs. More research is necessary to further define specific strategies and optimal timing for VTE prophylaxis.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study provides the basis that VTE prophylaxis may be associated with improved prognosis in patients with spinal fractures in ICUs. In clinical practice, an appropriate modality should be selected for VTE prophylaxis in such patients.
High compositional dissimilarity among small communities is decoupled from environmental variation
Authors: Jacobi Cristina Mariana , Siqueira Tadeu
Published: April 2023

Communities composed of small populations are predicted to be strongly influenced by stochastic demographic events and, thus, less affected by environmental selection than those composed of large populations. However, this prediction has only been tested with computer simulations, simplified controlled experiments, and limited observational data. Here, using multiple datasets on fish abundance in 541 streams we tested 1) if communities composed of small populations are more spatially variable and 2) less related to the environment variation than communities composed of large populations. We used process‐based simulations to identify β‐diversity metrics and community–environment measures that were appropriate to investigate the role of assembly processes along a gradient of community size. We show that variation in species composition among small communities is higher than among large communities and that the strength of community–environment relationships is weaker in small communities. Our results indicate that community size affects the strength of ecological drift and environmental selection in metacommunities. We thus suggest that further declines in the size of populations and ecosystems can make spatial variation in biodiversity more unpredictable.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma with aggressive fused follicular and solid growth pattern: A unique histological subtype with high‐grade malignancy?
Authors: Murata Shin‐ichi , Matsuzaki Ibu , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Katsuki Naomi , Onishi Toshinori , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Kojima Fumiyoshi
Published: April 2023

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is usually indolent; however, some rare subtypes of PTCs, such as columnar cell and hobnail subtypes, carry poor prognosis as an intermediate malignancy between differentiated carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. We present the case of a 56‐year‐old Japanese woman having PTC with aggressive behavior showing characteristic histological features of a predominantly fused follicular and focally solid (FFS) pattern. The fused follicular pattern is cribriform‐like without intermingled vessels. This PTC with FFS pattern included frequent mitotic figures, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and metastases with high clinical stage. The tumor cells were broadly positive for antibodies to TTF‐1, PAX8, and bcl‐2, and negative for cyclin D1. Ki‐67 labeling index was approximately 10%, and there was occasional positivity of p53. Targeted next generation sequencing analysis only detected a NRAS mutation (Q61K); there was no mutation and no translocation of other genes including BRAF and RET/PTC. To our knowledge, this is first report that PTC shows aggressive FFS growth pattern. The tumor is possibly included in the new category of differentiated high‐grade thyroid carcinoma in the World Health Organization 2022 classification, or in a novel subtype of PTC owing to its characteristic histological feature and intermediate malignancy between differentiated carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma.
Characterization of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri from the western and south‐western regions of Saudi Arabia based on CRISPR typing
Authors: Ibrahim Yasser E. , Widyawan Arya , Pruvost Olivier , Sharafaddin Anwar H. , Boyer Karine , Al‐Saleh Mohammed A.
Published: April 2023

Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) has become one of the most important diseases in many citrus cultivation areas, including Saudi Arabia (SA). This work aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) in SA by microsatellite and minisatellite analysis based on CRISPR typing. Our data revealed a high genetic infra‐pathovar diversity of Xcc in SA, consistent with a recent analysis targeting tandem repeats (MLVA). Our finding showed that SA hosted 15 spoligotypes out of 63 spoligotypes recorded worldwide. Interestingly, we noted 10 new spoligotypes, two detected in the western region and eight in the south‐western region. Two new spoligotypes were detected in Yemen. This finding suggests that the south‐western region of SA was probably the source of Xcc variations in SA. Sequencing of the CRISPR regions confirmed the presence of Xcc Pathotype A recently identified in SA based on tandem repeat genotyping. Globally, our study supported the application of CRISPR‐based sequence analysis for molecular epidemiology studies of Xcc and the usefulness of CRISPR typing to complement other typing tools, such as minisatellite typing.
How pink is too pink: A tussle between plant and nature
Authors: Mishra Divya
Published: April 2023

Everyone likes to add color to their life, and plants use them too. However, unlike humans, plants contain natural pigments to add color to fruits, leaves, and vegetables. Plants produce a variety of phytopigments, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanins, which play essential roles in plant stress tolerance. Leveraging natural phytopigments to develop stress‐resilient crops will require an in‐depth understanding of pigment formation and function. In this context, Zhang et al. (2023) studied the role of MYB6 and bHLH111 in enhancing anthocyanin biosynthesis in petals during drought.
Microalgae from Nordic collections demonstrate biostimulant effect by enhancing plant growth and photosynthetic performance
Authors: Chovanček Erik , Salazar João , Şirin Sema , Allahverdiyeva Yagut
Published: April 2023

We investigated the biostimulant potential of six microalgal species from Nordic collections extracted with two different procedures: thermal hydrolysis with a weak solution of sulfuric acid accompanied by ultrasonication and bead‐milling with aqueous extraction followed by centrifugation. To this aim, we designed a phenotyping pipeline consisting of a root growth assay in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, complemented with greenhouse experiments to evaluate lettuce yield (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Finstar) and photosynthetic performance. The best‐performing hydrolyzed extracts stimulated Arabidopsis root elongation by 8%–13% and lettuce yield by 12%–15%. The in situ measured photosynthetic performance of lettuce was upregulated in the efficient extracts: PSII quantum yield increased by 26%–34%, and thylakoid proton flux increase was in the range of 34%–60%. In contrast, aqueous extracts acquired by bead‐milling showed high dependence on biomass concentration in the extract and an overall plant growth enhancement was not attained in any of the applied dosages. Our results indicate that hydrolysis of the biomass can be a decisive factor for rendering effective plant biostimulants from microalgae.
Seed phytic acid concentration affects rice seedling vigor irrespective of soil phosphorus bioavailability
Authors: Oo Aung Zaw , Asai Hidetoshi , Win Khin Thuzar , Marui Junichiro , Saito Hiroki
Published: April 2023

Rice with a black‐colored pericarp (hereafter, black rice) is well‐known as an antioxidant‐rich food, but a high grain phytic acid (PA) concentration affects its nutritional quality. However, phytic acid helps improve seedling vigor, which is crucial for enhancing subsequent plant growth. This study investigated the effect of seed phytic acid concentration in black rice on seedling vigor compared to the effects on white rice. In the first experiment, three phytic acid concentrations in the seeds of black rice, low (LPA, 15.5 mg g−1per seed), medium (MPA, 24.7 mg g−1per seed), and high (HPA, 35.4 mg g−1per seed) were tested for seedling vigor in phosphorus‐deficient soils. The HPA seedlings showed substantially increased seedling vigor and shoot P uptake due to early root development and enhanced physiological processes. LPA grown seedlings showed increased ethylene production in response to P stress, which is the main physiological mechanism modulating seedling growth under P stress conditions. In the second experiment, the three phytic acid concentrations in black and white rice seeds were tested under low and high soil P conditions. Again, LPA seedlings showed significantly reduced seedling vigor in both rice varieties in P‐deficient soils. Interestingly, seed phytic acid and external P application had an additive effect on seedling vigor, suggesting that the combined effect further improved seedling growth. Our results reveal that black rice seeds with a HPA concentration can be used as a seed source for planting in P‐deficient ecosystems for rice plants as they can increase seedling vigor and subsequent growth, thus reducing dependence on finite P resources.
Electrophysiological correlates of response time outliers: Outlier related potentials
Authors: Berger Alexander , Kiefer Markus
Published: April 2023

In response time (RT) research, RTs which largely deviate from the RT distribution are considered “outliers”. Outliers are typically excluded from RT analysis building upon the implicit assumption that cognitive processing is distorted in outlier trials. The present study aims to test this assumption by comparing cognitive processing indexed by event‐related potentials (ERP) of trials with outliers and valid trials in two different tasks. To this end, we compared stimulus‐ and response‐locked ERPs for outliers identified by nine different methods with valid trials, using cluster‐based permutation tests. Consistently across outlier exclusion methods and tasks, the late positive complex (P3) associated with response‐related processes was reduced in outliers. Analyses of response‐locked ERPs related this P3 attenuation to a slower and temporally more extended increase of the P3, possibly indexing reduced evidence accumulation speed in outliers. P3 peak amplitude in response‐locked ERPs was similar between outliers and valid trials, suggesting that the absolute amount of evidence required for a response remained comparable. Furthermore, in addition to these more general ERP correlates of outliers, the contingent negative variation (CNV) ERP component was reduced in outliers as a function of preparatory demands of the task. Hence, electrophysiological correlates, and thus cognitive processing, are altered in outliers compared to valid trials. In order to avoid distortion of observed ERP differences between conditions, the RT outlier distribution should be considered for the analysis of ERPs in combined ERP and RT studies.
What you really want: Two‐year‐olds prioritise ultimate goals when helping
Authors: Anderson Laura , Martin Alia
Published: April 2023

Toddlers are motivated to help others achieve their goals, but providing effective help also requires toddlers to consider what will be most helpful to another individual. Sometimes, helping requests provide conflicting information about an individual's goals, so we need to decide which information to prioritise in order to decide how is best to help. The current studies investigate how toddlers prioritise conflicting information about immediate and ultimate goals when helping. In Study 1, 2‐year‐olds were shown an opaque container of blocks (hidden blocks), a transparent container of blocks (visible blocks), and a colourful tube that plays music when a block is dropped inside. For half of the participants, both hidden and visible blocks played music but, for the other half, only the hidden blocks worked. A naïve experimenter asked for a block (immediate goal) to play music with (ultimate goal), and when both blocks were equally functional, we found that toddlers prioritised fulfilling the immediate request by providing a visible block; but when only the hidden block was functional, toddlers prioritising fulfilling the ultimate goal and helped by providing the functional but hidden block. Study 2 demonstrated that toddlers considered the experimenter's goal when helping, and not just their own attraction to the musical toy. This work adds to a growing body of literature investigating not only whether young children help, but also how young children reason when engaging in helping behaviour.
Modern judicial confirmation hearings and institutional support for the Supreme Court
Authors: Krewson Christopher N. , Schroedel Jean R.
Published: April 2023

Background

We argue that the political and partisan nature of modern judicial confirmation hearings weakens institutional support for the U.S. Supreme Court.

Methods

In making this argument, we respond directly to Carrington and French who, in contrast, focus on the individual behavior of nominees. Building on earlier work (Krewson and Schroedel), we also analyze how public views of the Court changed over the 10 weeks following the Senate confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh to serve as a Supreme Court justice.

Results

We find that partisan differences in institutional support diminished over this period and that the public remained steadfast in its support for nominees based on their legal characteristics and background more than their political attributes.

Conclusion

To the extent that the public supported institutional change, it seemed to be because they viewed the Court as falling short of legal expectations rather than because they want the Court to abandon its judicial role.
Estimates of bubbling sequences of SU(3)$SU(3)$ Toda systems at critical parameters: Part 2
Authors: Wei Juncheng , Wu Lina , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2023

In this article, we study bubbling sequences of regular Toda systems defined on a Riemann surface. There are two major difficulties corresponding to the profile of bubbling sequences: partial blow up phenomenon and bubble accumulation. We prove that when both parameters tend to critical positions, if there is one fully bubbling blow up point, then under a suitable curvature assumption, all the blow up solutions near the blow up point satisfy a spherical Harnack inequality, which completely rules out the bubble‐accumulation phenomenon. This fact is crucial for a number of applications.
Biomechanical Response of Cancer Stem Cells to Low-Intensity Ultrasound
Authors: Yang Yaozhang , Du Meng , Yu Jinsui , Chen Zhiyi
Published: April 2023

The presence of stem cells in cancer may increase the chances of drug resistance and invasiveness. Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) can regulate the biological and mechanical properties of cells and participate in cellular migration and differentiation. Although LIUS has shown significant potential in cancer treatment, the effects of LIUS on migration and drug resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are unclear from a biomechanical perspective. Hence, the objective of this work is to analyze the biomechanical response of LIUS to CSCs. In this study, we selected human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) were enriched from A2780 cells and observed that OCSCs had higher drug sensitivity and lower invasiveness than A2780 cells after LIUS exposure. Furthermore, we further analyzed the changes in cell morphology, cytoskeleton, and membrane stiffness of A2780 cells and OCSCs at various intensities of LIUS, these results showed that LIUS could induce morphological changes, F-actin formation and increase membrane stiffness, which could help to suppress migration and reduce the drug resistance of OCSCs. Our findings will help establish a better understanding of the biomechanical response to LIUS in CSCs, and future studies on cancer will benefit from the careful consideration of the cellular response of CSCs to LIUS stimulation, ultimately allowing for the development of more effective therapies.
State of Charge and State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Packs With Inconsistent Internal Parameters Using Dual Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Yang Fan , Xu Yuxuan , Su Lei , Yang Zhichun , Feng Yu , Zhang Cheng , Shao Tao
Published: April 2023

The internal battery parameters of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system may be inconsistent due to different aging degrees during the operation, and the thermal effect can also threaten the safety of the system. In this paper, based on the second-order resistor–capacitor equivalent circuit model and the dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) algorithm, an electrical simulation model of a LIB pack with inconsistent parameters considering the thermal effect is established, in which state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) are estimated using DEKF, while the temperature is calculated by a thermal module. The simulation results show that the DEKF algorithm has a good effect on battery state and parameter estimation, with the root-mean-square error of voltage is lower than 0.01 V and SOC mean absolute error (MAE) is below 1.50%, while SOH error is 3.37%. In addition, the thermal module can provide an accurate estimation of the inconsistent temperature rise of the battery pack, and the MAE between the model-calculated temperature and the experiment is no more than 6.60%. The results provide the basic data for the scale-up of the electrothermal co-simulation model of the LIB energy storage system.
Experimental Investigation on Physicochemical and Wetting Characteristics of Modified Gas Coal: Effects of Multicomponent Acids and Surfactant
Authors: Zhou Gang , Luan Guoliang , Xing Mengyao , Meng Qunzhi , Yang Siao , Miao Yanan
Published: April 2023

In this study, the effects of the different concentrations of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and acetic acid and a surfactant on the physicochemical characteristics of coal, such as pore diameter distribution, pore fractal dimension, and chemical structures were studied. The wettability performance of the reagent-modified coal was proposed. The results demonstrated that the mineral dissolution rate of HF in the coal sample was much higher than those by HCl and HAC treatment, which increases the surface roughness of coal. With the increase in the concentration of a multicomponent acid solution, the number of micropores decreased and the number of macropores increased. Moreover, both fractal dimensions D1 and D2 of the coal sample treated with the multicomponent acid comprising 6% HCl, 6% HF, and 6% HAC (#3) were the smallest. This shows that compound reagent #3 is available to enhance the pore size distribution with a better effect than the other five ones. Compared with the raw coal (#7), treatment with high concentrations of HCl (#4) significantly decreased the contact angle on coal (#4), whereas treatment with high concentrations of HF or HAC (#6 or #5), significantly increased it.
Design of InGaN-ZnSnGa2N4 quantum wells for high-efficiency amber light emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Kaitian , Hu Chenxi , Thirupakuzi Vangipuram Vijay Gopal , Kash Kathleen , Zhao Hongping
Published: April 2023

A novel type-II InGaN-ZnSnGa2N4 quantum well (QW) structure is proposed based on recent experimental achievements for the successful epitaxy of ZnSnN2-GaN alloys and the determination of their band offsets with GaN. The simulation results indicate that this structure is promising as the active region for high-efficiency InGaN-based amber (λ ∼ 590 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The hole wavefunction in the valence band is better confined with the insertion of a monolayer scale of ZnSnGa2N4 into the InGaN QW while the electron wavefunction in the conduction band is better confined with the incorporation of an AlGaN layer in the GaN quantum barrier. The band structure of the InGaN-ZnSnGa2N4 QW is numerically simulated based on the experimentally measured band offsets between ZnSnGa2N4 and GaN. With the InGaN-ZnSnGa2N4 QW design, a low In content (20%) is required in the InGaN layer to reach a peak emission wavelength of ∼590 nm, yet an In composition of 25% is needed to reach the same emission wavelength for a conventional InGaN QW with the same layer thicknesses. Moreover, the electron-hole wavefunction overlap (Гe1−hh1) for the InGaN-ZnSnGa2N4 QW design reaches 18% for an emission wavelength at ∼590 nm. This result is much improved over the conventional InGaN QW overlap of 5% emitting at the same wavelength. The increase in electron-hole wavefunction overlap results in an approximately 14 times enhancement in the predicted spontaneous emission radiative recombination rate of the InGaN-ZnSnGa2N4 QW as compared to that of the conventional InGaN QW. This InGaN-ZnSnGa2N4 QW structure design can be promising to pave a new way to achieve high efficiency amber LEDs.
The Anticorruption Effects of Information and Communication Technology in Sport Organizations: The Role of Organizational Health Mediation and Organizational Transparency
Authors: Pashaie Sajjad , Sotiriadou Popi
Published: April 2023

This study addresses a topic neglected by the sport management literature: the impact of anticorruption effects of information and communication technology (ICT) in sport organizations on the role of organizational health mediation and organizational transparency. This study analyses this topic by presenting and testing a comprehensive theoretical model. This quantitative, descriptive survey uses structural equation modeling methodology. Data collection was carried out by employees (N = 384) working at the Iranian Ministry of Sport and Youth. The results of the study were processed using LISREL 8.80 software in the model and hypothesis testing, and the study found support for the theoretical model. The results show that (a) ICT is an effective tool for reducing administrative corruption of officials, and (b) in terms of both organizational health (variance accounted for = 0.40) and organizational transparency (variance accounted for = 0.39), ICT has a mediating role in reducing administrative corruption in sport organizations. This study fills a gap in the literature by addressing both personal and managerial perspectives, thus allowing directors of sport organizations to consider ICT a useful and practical management tool for reducing corruption among officials in sport organizations, as an adjunct to traditional methods such as administrative reform and law enforcement.
On-chip integrated exceptional surface microlaser
Authors: Liao Kun , Zhong Yangguang , Du Zhuochen , Liu Guodong , Li Chentong , Wu Xianxin , Deng Chunhua , Lu Cuicui , Wang Xingyuan , Chan Che Ting , Song Qinghai , Wang Shufeng , Liu Xinfeng , Hu Xiaoyong , Gong Qihuang
Published: April 2023

The on-chip integrated visible microlaser is a core unit of high-speed visible-light communication with huge bandwidth resources

, which needs robustness against fabrication errors, compressible linewidth, reducible threshold, and in-plane emission

. However, until now, it has been a great challenge to meet these requirements simultaneously. Here, we report a scalable strategy to realize a robust on-chip integrated visible microlaser with further improved lasing performances enabled by the increased orders (
n
) of exceptional surfaces, and experimentally verify the strategy by demonstrating the performances of a second-order exceptional surface–tailored microlaser. We further prove the potential application of the strategy by discussing an exceptional surface–tailored topological microlaser with unique performances. This work lays a foundation for further development of on-chip integrated high-speed visible-light communication and processing systems, provides a platform for the fundamental study of non-Hermitian photonics, and proposes a feasible method of joint research for non-Hermitian photonics with nonlinear optics and topological photonics.
A conserved hymenopteran-specific family of cytochrome P450s protects bee pollinators from toxic nectar alkaloids
Authors: Haas Julian , Beck Elena , Troczka Bartlomiej J. , Hayward Angela , Hertlein Gillian , Zaworra Marion , Lueke Bettina , Buer Benjamin , Maiwald Frank , Beck Michael E. , Nebelsiek Birgit , Glaubitz Johannes , Bass Chris , Nauen Ralf
Published: April 2023

Many plants produce chemical defense compounds as protection against antagonistic herbivores. However, how beneficial insects such as pollinators deal with the presence of these potentially toxic chemicals in nectar and pollen is poorly understood. Here, we characterize a conserved mechanism of plant secondary metabolite detoxification in the Hymenoptera, an order that contains numerous highly beneficial insects. Using phylogenetic and functional approaches, we show that the CYP336 family of cytochrome P450 enzymes detoxifies alkaloids, a group of potent natural insecticides, in honeybees and other hymenopteran species that diverged over 281 million years. We linked this function to an aspartic acid residue within the main access channel of CYP336 enzymes that is highly conserved within this P450 family. Together, these results provide detailed insights into the evolution of P450s as a key component of detoxification systems in hymenopteran species and reveal the molecular basis of adaptations arising from interactions between plants and beneficial insects.
Temperature Affects the Host Range of Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis
Authors: Marquis Bastian , Ardissone Silvia , Greub Gilbert
Published: April 2023

The
Rhabdochlamydiaceae
family is part of the
Chlamydiae
, a phylum of bacteria that includes obligate intracellular bacteria sharing the same biphasic developmental cycle. This family has been shown to be highly prevalent in the environment, particularly in freshwater and soil, and despite being estimated to be the largest family in the
Chlamydiae
phylum is only poorly studied.
Genome Sequence and Assembly of 18 Fusarium Isolates from Florida Citrus under High Huanglongbing Disease Pressure and California Citrus under Low Huanglongbing Disease Pressure
Authors: Kurbessoian Tania , Heimlich-Villalta Gretchen , Ginnan Nichole , Vieira Flavia Campos , Rolshausen Philippe E. , Roper M. Caroline , Stajich Jason E.
Published: April 2023

The genomes of eighteen
Fusarium
isolates cultured from diseased and healthy citrus trees were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Isolate species identification was confirmed using single marker (TEF1-alpha) phylogenetic assessment. Studies of the traits and genotypes of plant-associated isolates are important to understanding the fungal contribution to phytobiomes of citrus.
Fermented Bamboo Fiber Improves Productive Performance by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting Chronic Inflammation of Sows and Piglets during Late Gestation and Lactation
Authors: Sun Chuansong , Song Rui , Zhou Jianyong , Jia Yubiao , Lu Jianjun
Published: April 2023

Dietary fiber is widely applied in the nutrition of sows due to its potential value in improving performance and intestinal health. Fermented bamboo fiber, rich in dietary fiber, has not been fully evaluated to be used in sow diets.
Characterization of Two Marine Lignin-Degrading Consortia and the Potential Microbial Lignin Degradation Network in Nearshore Regions
Authors: Ley Yvette , Cheng Xiao-Yu , Ying Zhi-Yue , Zhou Ning-Yi , Xu Ying
Published: April 2023

Numerous terrigenous lignin-containing plant materials are constantly discharged from rivers and estuaries into the marine system. However, only low levels of terrigenous organic carbon, especially lignin, are detected in the global marine system due to the abundance of active heterotrophic microorganisms driving the carbon cycle.
The Local Tumor Microbiome Is Associated with Survival in Late-Stage Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Debelius Justine W. , Engstrand Lars , Matussek Andreas , Brusselaers Nele , Morton James T. , Stenmarker Margaretha , Olsen Renate S.
Published: April 2023

Microbiome studies in colorectal cancer (CRC) have primarily focused on the role of single organisms in cancer progression. Recent work has identified specific organisms throughout the intestinal tract, which may affect survival; however, the results are inconsistent.
Transition from breccia pipe to stratabound mineralization in Mississippi Valley-type hydrothermal systems: The Nayongzhi Zn-Pb deposit, world-class Sichuan−Yunnan−Guizhou triangle, South China
Authors: Wei Chen , Ye Lin , Huang Zhilong , Hu Yusi , Yan Zaifei , Xiang Zhenzhong
Published: April 2023

Unraveling the time-space evolution of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) hydrothermal systems is critically important for understanding ore genesis and exploration. We studied a complete mineral system from conduit-filling to tail-end facies in the world-class Sichuan−Yunnan−Guizhou triangle, South China, via field geology, mineralogy, fluid inclusions, and in situ sulfide S-Pb isotopes to propose an integrated model for the evolution of MVT hydrothermal systems. Geological mapping shows that the mineralization transitions from breccia pipe to stratabound style: high-grade ores occur mainly as open-space infill associated with F12 fault (fluid conduit), while low-grade evaporite-related replacement ores developed distal from the fault. The δ34S value in hydrothermal sulfides shows a wide range (+3.6‰ to +27.9‰), with significant intragrain variation (up to +12.8‰), which suggests a mixture of 34S-rich sulfur produced by thermochemical sulfate reduction of evaporite within the ore host and 32S-rich sedimentary/diagenetic pyrite. In situ sulfide Pb ratios decrease away from the F12 fault, which indicates that metals were sourced from different degrees of mixing between the Proterozoic metamorphic basement and wall rocks. Fluid-inclusion microthermometric data identify two distinct fluids: a hotter (>155 °C), more saline (>18 wt% NaCl equivalent), and metal-rich fluid with a cooler (<90 °C), low-salinity (<4 wt% NaCl equivalent), and reduced sulfur-rich fluid. The mixing of two fluids was responsible for precipitating the high-grade ores near the F12 fault, and the acid-producing (H+) process created new space for stratabound ore distal to the fault. This study highlights that fluid mixing is critical for efficient sulfide accumulation, and the metal zoning pattern provides guidelines for exploration.
Supplemental Material: Cobalt mineralogy at the Iron Creek deposit, Idaho cobalt belt, USA: Implications for domestic critical mineral production
Authors: Holley E.A. , al. et
Published: April 2023

Detailed methods, materials, and data tables. 
Emergency and perioperative management of adrenal insufficiency in children and young people: British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes consensus guidance
Authors: Mushtaq Talat , Ali Salma R , Boulos Nabil , Boyle Roisin , Cheetham Tim , Davies Justin Huw , Elder Charlotte Jane , Gan Hoong-Wei , Hindmarsh Peter C , Katugampola Harshini , Krone Nils , Salomon Estebanez Maria , Shenoy Savitha , Tollerfield Sally , Wong Sze Choong , Regan Fiona
Published: April 2023

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is characterised by lack of cortisol production from the adrenal glands. This can be a primary adrenal disorder or secondary to adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency or suppression from exogenous glucocorticoids. Symptoms of AI in children may initially be non-specific and include growth faltering, lethargy, poor feeding, weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting and lingering illnesses. AI is treated with replacement doses of hydrocortisone. At times of physiological stress such as illness, trauma or surgery, there is an increased requirement for exogenous glucocorticoids, which if untreated can lead to an adrenal crisis and death. There are no unified guidelines for those <18 years old in the UK, leading to substantial variation in the management of AI. This paper sets out guidance for intercurrent illness, medical, dental and surgical procedures to allow timely and appropriate recognition and treatment of AI and adrenal crisis for children and young people.
Wilson’s disease: best practice
Authors: Ryan Aidan , Twomey Patrick J , Cook Paul
Published: April 2023

Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder arising from pathogenic variants in theAtp7b gene on chromosome 13. The defective translated ATPase copper (Cu) transport protein produced leads to Cu accumulation, initially affecting the liver but eventually affecting other cells. It is just over 20 years since the last Best Practice on this topic in this journal. This review is an update on this, covering new disease biomarkers, pathogenesis, assumptions around clinical features and developments in therapy.
Association between socioeconomic status and treatment in patients with low back or neck pain: a population-based cross-sectional study in South Korea
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Song In-Ae
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Socioeconomic status affects the treatment of patients with low back pain and/or neck pain. We examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (occupation and household income level) and treatments such as chronic opioid use and interventional procedures among these patients.

Methods

Data from the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea were used in this population-based cross-sectional study. Approximately 2.5% of adult patients diagnosed with low back pain and/or neck pain between 2010 and 2019 were selected using a stratified random sampling technique and included in the analysis.

Results

We analyzed the data of 5,861,007 patients with low back pain and/or neck pain in total. Among them, 4.9% were chronic opioid users and 17.7% underwent interventional procedures. Healthcare workers and unemployed individuals had 18% lower and 6% higher likelihood of chronic opioid use compared with office workers, respectively. Those with a very low household income had 18% higher likelihood of chronic opioid use than those with a poor household income. Other workers and unemployed individuals had 4% and 8% higher likelihood of undergoing interventional procedures than office workers, respectively. Healthcare workers had 5% lower likelihood of undergoing interventional procedures than office workers. Patients with middle, high, and very poor household incomes had a higher likelihood of undergoing interventional procedures, while those in the very high household income group had a lower likelihood of undergoing interventional procedures than those with poor household incomes.

Conclusions

Socioeconomic status factors are associated with treatment in patients with low back pain and/or neck pain.
Effect of nucleon coupling constants on the mass radius ratio of proto neutron star PSR J0737-3039A
Authors: Zhao Xian-Feng , Huo Jian-Li , Chen Jian-Yong
Published: April 2023

The effect of the nucleon coupling constants on the mass radius ratio (further, the surface gravitational redshift) of proto neutron star (PNS) PSR J0737-3039A is examined with relativistic mean field theory in consideration of a baryon octet. Here, five sets of nucleon coupling constants DD-MEI, GL85, GL97, GM1 and NL2 are used. The PNS’s temperature is assumed to be [Formula: see text] MeV and the mass the PNS PSR J0737-3039A is chosen as [Formula: see text]. The radius and the mass radius ratio of the PNS PSR J0737-3039A calculated by the five groups of nucleon coupling constants above are [Formula: see text] km and [Formula: see text]/km, respectively. The surface gravitational redshift [Formula: see text] of the PNS PSR J0737-3039A calculated from the above five groups of nucleon coupling constants is [Formula: see text].
Families of Value-Dependent Preference Aggregation Operators with Their Structures and Properties
Authors: Jin Lesheng , Mesiar Radko , Yager Ronald
Published: April 2023

In evaluation and decision making frequently we need to consider and then well model the subjective preferences and behaviors of decision makers. This study firstly defines literally three types of conformities, namely, the Bounded Conformity, Extreme Conformity and Bounded Extreme Conformity. Then, we define two types of value-dependent preference aggregation operators, s-t-A extreme operators and Level dependent Preferences Ordered Weighted Averaging operators, to specifically model Extreme Conformity and Bounded Extreme Conformity, respectively. Some related mathematical properties and simple numerical examples are also presented.
The Future of AI in Education: AI Classroom Partners
Authors: Benson Alayne
Published: April 2023

Think back to a time you had to work in a small group at school. What if you had a partner who joined your group and identified and encouraged members to share good ideas? What if this partner also helped everyone contribute and value each other? In short---what if group work didn't have to suck?
Semi-Differentiation of Reversible, Soluble-Insoluble Potential Sweep Voltammograms
Authors: Williams Tyler , Fuller Ranon , Vann Cameron , Rappleye Devin
Published: April 2023

Semi-differentiation, or convolution as it is sometimes known, is a mathematical technique commonly used to disentangle overlapping peaks in cyclic or linear sweep voltammograms. However, this technique is often misapplied due to misunderstandings of fractional calculus. Additionally, rigorous treatment and validation of the theory of semi-differential analysis of reversible, soluble-insoluble electrochemical reactions is lacking. Peculiarities of semi-differentiation are explored; theoretical relations for semi-differentiated voltammograms are given; the exponential nature of the theoretical curve is explored; theoretical relations are compared to experimental voltammograms for AgNO3 in 1 M nitric acid at 298 K, NiCl2 in LiCl at 974 K, and LaCl3 in LiCl at 971 K; and the diffusion coefficients calculated from theoretical relations developed in this paper are shown to agree with those calculated using the Berzins-Delahay equation.
Dexmedetomidine mitigates neuroinflammation and improves early postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction in rats by enhancing autophagy
Authors: Wang Jinxu , Xin Yueyang , Chu Tiantian , Zhou Yaqun , Liu Cheng , Xu Aijun
Published: April 2023

Dex inhibits hippocampal neuroinflammation and attenuates early cognitive impairment by enhancing autophagy following surgery in rats. Dex may protect postoperative cognitive function by activating the LKB1/AMPK/ULK-1 signaling pathway.
A Review of Cobalt-Based Metal Hydroxide Electrode for Applications in Supercapacitors
Authors: Naeem Sajid , Patil Arun V. , Shaikh Arif V. , Shinde U. P. , Husain Dilawar , Alam Md Tanwir , Sharma Manish , Tewari Kirti , Ahmad Shameem , Shah Aqueel Ahmed , Ali Syed Abbas , Ahmad Akbar
Published: April 2023

Supercapacitors are the cutting-edge, high performing, and emerging energy storage devices in the future of energy storage technology. It delivers high energy and produces higher specific capacitances. This research study provides insights into supercapacitor materials and their potential applications by examining different battery technologies compared with supercapacitors’ advantages and disadvantages. Transition metal hydroxides (cobalt hydroxides) have been studied to develop electrodes for supercapacitors and their use in various fields of energy and conversion devices. Cobalt-based metal oxides and hydroxides provide high-capacitance electrodes for supercapacitors. Metal hydroxides combine high electrical conductivity and excellent stability over time. The metal oxides used to prepare the electrodes for supercapacitors are cobalt-based metal oxides and hydroxides. It is stronger than most of the other oxides and has tremendous electrical conductivity. Cobalt hydroxides are also used in supercapacitors instead of other metal hydroxides, such as aluminum hydroxide, copper hydroxide, and nickel hydroxide. This study gives a complete overview of the preparation, synthesis, analysis, and characterization of cobalt hydroxide thin film electrodes by using the electrochemical deposition technique, parameters measurements, important characteristics, material properties, various applications, and future enhancement in supercapacitors.
A New Mode of Visible Fracture System in Coal Seams and Its Implications for Coalbed Methane Seepage
Authors: Li Rui , Jin Lihong , Wang Shengwei , Liu Heping , Cui Zhigang , Xiang Wenting
Published: April 2023

As the central flow channel for fluid seepage through rock layers, the visible fracture system (VFS) significantly affects geoenergy extraction for petroleum, natural gas, geothermal resources, and greenhouse gas sequestration. In this work, we propose a new mode of VFS in coal seams, including hydraulic fractures, exogenetic fractures, interlayer fractures, gas-expanding fractures, and cleats. The development characteristics of VFSs in coal seams are analyzed, including containing their geometry, orientation, scale, distribution, and connection between each other. Furthermore, the implications of the VFS for fluid (gas and water) and solid (coal fines) flow through coal seams are discussed. The development of the VFS determines the effective flow conductivity, affecting the flow of gas, water, and coal fines. Additionally, as the reservoir pressure transfer channel, the VFS significantly influences depressurization with reservoir depletion, determining the extension of the methane desorption range. The exogenetic fractures and interlayer fractures dominate the expansion of the primary hydraulic fractures, and gas-expanding and cleats usually control the branch of hydraulic fractures. Furthermore, we find that the daily production rate distribution of most CBM wells presents a particular banded, L-shaped, or T-shaped pattern. It is thought that the VFS dominates the productivity of CBM in coal seams. The field production data also provide evidence that the occurrence of the VFS makes the CBM reservoir heterogeneous. This study presents a recommended framework involving the characteristics of the VFS and its influences on CBM production.
[Retracted] Evaluation of Cholesterol Thickness of Blood Vessels Using Photoacoustic Technology
Authors: Salih Alaa Kassar , ALWAN Ala Hadi , Opulencia Maria Jade Catalan , Uinarni Herlina , Khamidova Firuza M. , Atiyah Mohammed Shakir , Awadh Sura A. , Hammid Ali Thaeer , Arzehgar Zeinab
Published: April 2023

One of the primary indicators of plaque vulnerability is the lipid composition of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, the medical industry requires a method to evaluate necrotic nuclei in atherosclerosis imaging with sensitivity. In this regard, photoacoustic imaging is a plaque detection method that provides chemical information on lipids and cholesterol thickness in the arterial walls of the patient. This aspect aims to increase the low‐frequency axial resolution by developing a new photoacoustic‐based system. A photoacoustic system has been developed to detect the cholesterol thickness of the blood vessels to observe the progression of plaque in the heart’s blood vessels. The application of the coherent photoacoustic discontinuous correlation tomography technique, which is based on a novel signal processing, significantly increased the cholesterol oleate’s sensitivity to plaque necrosis. By enhancing the quality of thickness detection, the system for measuring the thickness of cholesterol in blood vessels has been reduced to approximately 23 microns. The results show that the phase spectrum peaked at 100 Hz at 58.66 degrees, and at 400 Hz, the phase spectrum was 46.37 degrees. The minimum amplitude is 1.95 at 100 Hz and 17.67 at 400 Hz. In conclusion, it can be stated that photoacoustic imaging as a method based on new technologies is of great importance in medical research, which is based on the use of nonionizing radiation to perform diagnostic processes and measure different types of body tissues.