bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluoride Dose-Response and Anticaries Effect of Herbal Antibacterial Agents and (Nano-)Hydroxyapatite on Dentin Caries: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Wierichs Richard Johannes , Kuruparan Mowliharan , Ruthiraswaran Abinaya , Meyer-Lueckel Hendrik , Carvalho Thiago Saads , Niemeyer Samira Helena
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of fluoride-free toothpastes, containing either herbal agents or (nano-)hydroxyapatite.
Methods: Bovine dentin specimens each having a sound [ST], and a demineralized area [DT]) were prepared and randomly allocated to eleven groups (n=187). Treatments during pH-cycling (28 days;6x120min demineralization/day) were brushing 2x/day with: 0ppm F- [NaF0], 500ppm F- [NaF500], 1,100ppm F- [NaF1100], grape seed extract [GSE], (nano-)hydroxyapatite [nHA, HA], melaleuca oil [MO1, MO2, MO-CU] and propolis + myrrh [PM1, PM2] containing dentifrices. Dentifrice slurries were prepared with deionized water (1:3w/w). Differences in integrated mineral loss (∆∆Z) and lesion depth (∆LD) were evaluated before and after pH-cycling using transversal microradiography (TMR).
Results: The correlation between ΔΔZ/ΔLD and F- concentration (NaF0, NaF500, NaF1100) was strong for the DT (rΔΔZ,DT=0.681; p<0.001) and very strong for ST (rΔΔZ,ST=0.861; p<0.001); indicating a fluoride dose-response for both baseline substrate conditions. For ΔΔZDT and ΔLDDT only NaF1100 and GSE revealed significant differences compared with NaF0 (p<0.001, ANOVA). For ΔΔZST and ΔLDST significant differences could be found for NaF1100 and NaF500 compared to all fluoride-free groups (p≤0.002;ANOVA), without significant difference between fluoride-free groups (p=1.000;ANOVA). For DT and ST a hypermineralized surface layer and no surface loss could only be observed when fluoride was present.
Conclusion: A dose-response for fluoride concentrations was observed in this mild demineralization pH-cycling model. Fluoride-free dentifrices containing grape seed extract or melaleuca oil showed certain preventive effect against further progression of root caries lesions. However, surface loss was observed for all fluoride-free dentifrices.
Outcomes of surgical therapy for local recurrence and oligometastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: 20 years of experience in a tertiary center
Authors: AL-Nader Mulham , Krafft Ulrich , Darr Christopher , Heß Jochen , Kesch Claudia , Püllen Lukas , Tschirdewahn Stephan , Yesilyurt Umut-Ulas , Isgandarov Aykhan , Hadaschik Boris , Mahmoud Osama
Published: December 2024

Introduction and aim of the study: The impact of surgical therapy in selected patients with limited metastatic/recurrence burden have not yet been well studied. We investigated the outcome of surgical resection for patients with local recurrence only or oligometastatic UC of the bladder.
Patients and Methods: We identified patients with oligometastatic UC or local recurrence only after radical cystectomy (RC) who underwent surgical resection with curative intent between 2003 and 2022 at our center. Oligometastatic UC was defined as three or fewer resectable lesions, regardless of the number of organs involved. We studied the surgical outcome, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in this selected group of patients.
Results: A total of 39 patients were selected, including 18 (46%) with local recurrence and 21 (54%) with oligometastatic UC. Nine patients (23%) experienced intraoperative complications, all of whom belonged to the local recurrence group, while eight patients (20.5%) experienced major postoperative complications, including six patients from the local recurrence group and two patients with oligometastatic disease. The median PFS following surgery was 19 months (95% CI; 2.5-35.5) with 1- and 3-year progression rates of 47% and 29%, while the median OS was 24 months (95% CI; 8.6 - 39.3) with 1- and 3-year survival rates of 51% and 30%. A significantly better median PFS was observed in the metastatic versus local recurrence group (35 vs. 8 months, p=0.01). Similarly, a median OS of 41 months was observed in the metastatic group compared to only 12 months for the local recurrence group (p=0.12). Overall, a better survival time of 30 months was observed in the metachronous group compared to 6 months in the synchronous group (p=0.046). In a further analysis of the metastatic group, metachronous oligometastasis was associated with a longer survival of 43 months compared to 9 months for synchronous metastasis (p=0.18). Some differences were not significant, which may be due to sample size.
Conclusion: Our study shows reasonable surgical and survival outcomes of metastasectomy, especially in the metachronous subgroup, for UC without risk of higher perioperative morbidity. On the other hand, resection of local recurrence is associated with a higher risk of incomplete resection and higher intraoperative and postoperative morbidity without offering a survival benefit.
Investigating the Mechanism of Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim in the Treatment of Liver Cancer through Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Validation
Authors: Wang Nan , Tang Liwen , Duan Ronghui , Shu Yuhong
Published: December 2024

Introduction:Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim (HMM), a Chinese traditional medicine , exerts anti-tumor effects and has been extensively studied for its potential to treat cancer in recent years. Clinical research has shown that HMM can control hepatocellular cancer, but the exact molecular mechanism is unclear.
Methods: To identify the principal bioactive constituents of HMM and their corresponding targets, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Secondly, the Cytoscape software was utilized to delineate the relationships among drugs, active components, targets, and illnesses. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis using the clusterProfiler tools on the DAVID platform and the Bioconductor package in R. Molecular docking was performed on the PubChem database, whereas the AutoDock, and PyMOL software were utilized to explore the binding affinity of the primary targets and active molecules.
Results: Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses identified six key active constituents of HMM: quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, isorhamnetin, calycosin, and 7-O-methylisomucronulatol. It was predicted that this herb can modulate the expression of several genes, including TP53, AKT1, MYC, CASP3, VEGFA, EGFR, HIF1A, ESR1, CCND1, and PTGS2.
Conclusion: HMM has potential therapeutic effects on the liver cancer. This study provides important insights regarding the methods for investigating HMM in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer.
Efficacy and Safety of Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kabir Nabihah , Owais Busmah , Trifan Gabriela , Testai Fernando
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is characterized by the collection of blood beneath the dura mater. Traditional treatments involve surgical drainage of the hematoma, but recurrence rates can be high. A highly vascularized neo-membrane irrigated by the middle meningeal artery (MMA) may be involved in CSDH re-accumulation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared the efficacy and safety of MMA embolization to conventional treatment alone for CSDH.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase Ovid, and ClinicalTrials.gov identified observational and randomized clinical studies comparing MMA embolization to conventional treatment for chronic subdural hematoma. The efficacy outcomes were hematoma recurrence and good functional outcome (as defined by a modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) of 0-2). Safety outcomes were the rate of major complication and mortality. Heterogeneity among studies were evaluated using the I2 statistic. Analyses were conducted using Cochrane Review Manager software, with risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) presented for key outcomes. Absolute risk reduction (ARR, 95% CI) 1000 patients were also calculated using GRADEpro software.

Results: The analysis included data from 13 studies (4 RCTs and 9 observational studies) with a total number of 2960 patients (35.3% in the MMA group and 64.7% in the conventional treatment group). Compared to conventional treatment, MMA embolization decreased risk of hematoma recurrence by 59% (13 studies, RR=0.41, 95% CI 0.26-0.65; I2=49%), for an absolute effect of 116 fewer events/1000 patients (95% CI 69-145), with similar risk of major complications (13 studies, RR=0.88, 95% CI=0.67-1.15; I2 = 43%) and mortality risk (13 studies, RR=1.05, 95% CI=0.67-1.65). In subgroup analyses by study type, pooled results from RCTs showed similar direction effects as those from observational studies for both efficacy and safety outcomes.

Conclusion: MMA embolization in CSDH management is a safe and effective approach for CSDH.
Discrimination of T-stage using tumor weight and size - a potential approach to guide perioperative decision making in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Tully Karl , Bahlburg Henning , Reike Moritz J. , Brehmer Mirco , Berg Sebastian , Bach Peter , Noldus Joachim , Roghmann Florian
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
To examine the value of tumor size, weight, and density in predicting pathological tumor stage in patients with suspected bladder cancer (BCa), minimize interobserver variability of estimated tumor size, and thus provide a more objective instrument to describe the extent of local tumor growth.

Methods:
An institutional dataset of 588 consecutive patients undergoing TUR-BT for suspected BCa from 05/2016 - 09/2018 was used. Separate Mann-Whitney-U tests examined differences in each unit between non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive BCa (MIBC) and between Ta/CIS and T1 NMIBC. Intraoperative tumor size, weight, and respective density were calculated. We then calculated multivariable logistic regression models to examine each unit's predictive value and distinguish between endpoints.

Results:
Overall, 367 patients undergoing TUR-BT were diagnosed with BCa. In patients with MIBC (n=73), the median size (p<0.001) and weight (p<0.001) were higher compared to NMIBC. In contrast, tumor density (p<0.001) was lower. On multivariable analysis, increasing size and weight were associated with higher odds of T1 (size: OR 2.50, 95%CI 1.87-3.35; weight: OR 1.65, 95%CI 1.26-2.15) and muscle-invasive disease (size: OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.29-1.78; weight: OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.03-1.15). Meanwhile, an increasing density was associated with lower odds of both outcomes (T1:OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.89-1.02; MIBC: OR 0.81, 95%CI 0.69-0.96).

Conclusion:
In patients diagnosed with BCa, tumor size, and weight showed similar predictive power concerning T1 NMIBC and MIBC. Tumor density failed to predict the local tumor stage sufficiently. These results may lay the foundation for improving objective measurement of the local tumor burden in patients with BCa and may help guide further immediate treatment decisions.
Multiscale Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Feature Fusion in Cognitive and Sensory Brain Regions
Authors: Hassouneh Aya , Danna-dos-Santos Alessander , Bazuin Bradley , Shebrain Saad , Abdel-Qader Ikhlas ,   on behalf of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This research is focused on early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using a multiscale feature fusion framework, combining biomarkers from memory, vision, and speech regions extracted from magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography images. Methods: Using 2D gray level co-occurrence matrix (2D-GLCM) texture features, volume, standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR), and obesity from different neuroimaging modalities, the study applies various classifiers, demonstrating a feature importance analysis in each region of interest. The research employs four classifiers, namely linear support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression (LR), and logistic regression with stochastic gradient descent (LRSGD) classifiers, to determine feature importance, leading to subsequent validation using a probabilistic neural network classifier. Results: The research highlights the critical role of brain texture features, particularly in memory regions, for AD detection. Significant sex-specific differences are observed, with males showing significance in texture features in memory regions, volume in vision regions, and SUVR in speech regions, while females exhibit significance in texture features in memory and speech regions, and SUVR in vision regions. Additionally, the study analyzes how obesity affects features used in AD prediction models, clarifying its effects on speech and vision regions, particularly brain volume. Conclusion: The findings contribute valuable insights into the effectiveness of feature fusion, sex-specific differences, and the impact of obesity on AD-related biomarkers, paving the way for future research in early AD detection strategies and cognitive impairment classification.
Current treatment options in neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix
Authors: Butz Frederike , Pratschke Johann , Mogl Martina T.
Published: December 2024

Background: While appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (aNETs) are rare, they are the most common type of appendiceal neoplasms, often discovered incidentally during surgeries for acute appendicitis. Appendiceal NETs are typically well-differentiated and associated with an excellent prognosis after adequate surgical therapy. Summary: Management of aNETs depends on tumor size, grade, and risk factors for lymph node and metastasis. Current guidelines from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) recommend appendectomy only for low-risk tumors (<1 cm) and more extensive resection (right hemicolectomy, RHC) for high-risk tumors (>2 cm or incomplete resection). However, the management of intermediate-sized tumors (1 to 2 cm) remains debated, as RHC may not improve the survival. Risk factors such as lymphovascular invasion or mesoappendiceal infiltration over 3 mm may prompt RHC consideration. However, current evidence suggests that long-term outcome is not affected by the extent surgery in aNETs 1 to 2 cm of size questioning the necessity of RHC in these cases. Advanced metastatic aNETs, extremely rare in occurrence, follow treatment guidelines similar to other gastroenteropancreatic NETs and may involve multimodal therapy, including surgery, radiological interventions, and systemic treatment tailored to the patient’s condition and disease burden. Key Messages: Appendectomy is adequate for most aNETs, particularly those smaller than 1 cm, G1 and without high-risk features. RHC is recommended for tumors larger than 2 cm, but for tumors 1 to 2 cm, evidence increasingly suggests that RHC may not confer a survival benefit. Metastatic aNETs are rare and individualized, multidisciplinary therapy approaches are recommended.
Engineering of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Models to Accurately Identify Arrhythmia Recurrence
Authors: Feng Ruibin , Brennan Kelly A. , Azizi Zahra , Goyal Jatin , Deb Brototo , Chang Hui Ju , Ganesan Prasanth , Clopton Paul , Pedron Maxime , Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel , Desai Yaanik B. , De Larochellière Hugo , Baykaner Tina , Perez Marco V. , Rodrigo Miguel , Rogers Albert J. , Narayan Sanjiv M.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Large language models (LLMs) such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) excel at interpreting unstructured data from public sources, yet are limited when responding to queries on private repositories, such as electronic health records (EHRs). We hypothesized that prompt engineering could enhance the accuracy of LLMs for interpreting EHR data without requiring domain knowledge, thus expanding their utility for patients and personalized diagnostics.

METHODS:

We designed and systematically tested prompt engineering techniques to improve the ability of LLMs to interpret EHRs for nuanced diagnostic questions, referenced to a panel of medical experts. In 490 full-text EHR notes from 125 patients with prior life-threatening heart rhythm disorders, we asked GPT-4-turbo to identify recurrent arrhythmias distinct from prior events and tested 220 563 queries. To provide context, results were compared with rule-based natural language processing and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer-based language models. Experiments were repeated for 2 additional LLMs.

RESULTS:

In an independent hold-out set of 389 notes, GPT-4-turbo had a balanced accuracy of 64.3%±4.7% out-of-the-box at baseline. This increased when asking GPT-4-turbo to provide a rationale for its answers, a structured data output, and in-context exemplars, to a balanced accuracy of 91.4%±3.8% (
P
<0.05). This surpassed the traditional logic-based natural language processing and BERT-based models (
P
<0.05). Results were consistent for GPT-3.5-turbo and Jurassic-2 LLMs.

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of prompt engineering strategies enables LLMs to identify clinical end points from EHRs with an accuracy that surpassed natural language processing and approximated experts, yet without the need for expert knowledge. These approaches could be applied to LLM queries for other domains, to facilitate automated analysis of nuanced data sets with high accuracy by nonexperts.
Aortic Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease: Decision-Making Between Surgical and Transcatheter Management
Authors: Tomii Daijiro , Pilgrim Thomas , Borger Michael A. , De Backer Ole , Lanz Jonas , Reineke David , Siepe Matthias , Windecker Stephan
Published: December 2024

Aortic stenosis (AS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently coexist and share pathophysiological mechanisms. The proportion of patients with AS and CAD requiring revascularization varies widely because of uncertainty about best clinical practices. Although combined surgical aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting has been the standard of care, management options in patients with AS and CAD requiring revascularization have expanded with the advent of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Potential alternative treatment pathways include revascularization before TAVR, concomitant TAVR and percutaneous coronary intervention, percutaneous coronary intervention after TAVR and deferred percutaneous coronary intervention or hybrid procedures. Selection depends on underlying disease severity, antithrombotic treatment strategies, clinical presentation, and symptom evolution after TAVR. In patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement, the addition of coronary artery bypass grafting has been associated with improved long-term mortality, especially if CAD is complex. although it is associated with higher periprocedural risk. The therapeutic impact of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with TAVR is less well-established. The multitude of clinical permutations and remaining uncertainties do not support a uniform treatment strategy for patients with AS and CAD. Therefore, to provide the best possible care for each individual patient, heart teams need to be familiar with the available data on AS and CAD. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of the evidence supporting the decision-making process between transcatheter and surgical approaches and the key elements of treatment selection in patients with AS and CAD.
Efficacy and Determinant Factors of Linezolid Containing Regimens in the Treatment of DR - TB Patients at Saint Peter Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023 A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mohammed Abdurehman , Yesuf Mustofa , Menbere Chekole , Diress Getachew
Published: December 2024

Background: A synthetic oxazolidinone antimicrobial medication called Linezolid is used to treat patients who are resistant to multiple drugs. Few studies have been done regarding the effectiveness of Linezolid-containing regimens in both developing and developed nations. This study aimed to determine the Efficacy and determinant factors of linezolid-containing regimens in the treatment of DR - TB Patients. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted using SPSS version 26, and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used. Result: out of 345 patients that visited the outpatient clinic, 205 (59.4%) were males, and 126(36.5%) were between 30-39 years. MDR TB Patients' linezolid-containing regimen treatment efficacy success rate is 280(81.2%). MDR TB Patient Previously Treated TB by First Line Drug [AOR= 5.823(3.761-7.341)]. MDR TB Patient Previously Treated TB by First Line and treatment completed [AOR=2.351(1.34-3.214))], the adverse effect [AOR 0.842(0.674-2.431], tolerability of linezolid [AOR =2.543(2.41-4.532)] was significantly associated with linezolid containing regimen treatment efficacy rate. Conclusion: Linezolid-containing regimens have good efficacy and good treatment outcomes for DR-TB patients. The findings showed that Linezolid is a good choice for treating DR-TB, although patients ought to be monitored closely for the incidence of adverse effects.
Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Parameters of the Sediments of the Tsieme River in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)
Authors: Moussoki Promesse , Mvouezolo Raison , Engambe Christ , Tchoumou Martin
Published: December 2024

Population growth, accompanied by rapid urbanization, is the cause of many disturbances in natural environments. The presence of physical and/or chemical contaminants in sediments causes toxic effects in aquatic environments. This work aims to determine the physicochemical parameters of the sediments of the Tsiémé River in Brazzaville during the dry and rainy seasons. Four (04) sediment samples were taken per season and analyzed by potentiometric, X-ray diffractometric and Robinson methods. The results obtained show that quartz is the only mineral species detected. The particle size distribution of the sediments shows particles of different sizes in the order of coarse sand > fine sand > coarse silt > fine silt. The sediments of the Tsiémé River are moderately acidic with pH values varying between 5.75 and 6.69 in the dry season and between 6.38 and 7.13 in the rainy season. The low values of electrical conductivity ranging from 18 to 173 μs/cm in the dry season and from 13 to 86 μs/cm in the rainy season characterize the low mineralization of the sediments. The percentage of total nitrogen varies from 0.004 to 0.006% in the dry season and from 0.00 to 0.005% in the rainy season. Similarly, the total phosphorus rate fluctuates between 0.007 and 0.07% and from 0.06 to 0.1% in the dry and rainy seasons. The organic matter contents vary between 0.248 to 3,549% and 0.038 to 0.114% in the dry and rainy season. These results indicate the absence of mineral and organic pollution of the sediments. Thus, the sediments of the Tsiémé River do not present imminent risks from a physicochemical point of view.
Viability of Departmental Unions of Mutual Health Insurance (DUMHI) in the Thiès Region (SENEGAL) in 2023: ARTICLE
Authors: Diouf Mamadou , Leye Mamadou , Ka Ousseynou
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The promotion of departmental health mutual units (DUMHI) is one of the priority areas advocated by the State of Senegal to access universal health coverage. The DUMHI is a departmental mutual, professionalized with a package of expanded covered services allowing early recourse of beneficiary patients to public health structures. After years of implementation (2017–2021) of this strategy, this work aims to study the viability of DUMHI in the Thiès region. Methodology: A quantitative evaluative study was conducted from August 15 to September 15, 2023 covering all the files of members (2017 to 2021) of the DUMHI of the three (3) departments of the Thiés region. Data collection was carried out using an observation grid developed by the ILO. The data were entered and analyzed using Excel 2010. Results: On the administrative level, the DUMHI of Thiés had a good overall quality score of monitoring of its operation of 85.7%, while the 2 DUMHI of Mbour and Tivaouane had a rate of 51% and 71% respectively. These rates reflect certain shortcomings noted in the operation. Functionally, the annual recovery rates were 38% for the Thiès DUMHI, 29% for the Mbour DUMHI and 93% for the Tivaouane DUMHI. Medium to low penetration rates were noted in the three DUMHI with percentages of 44%, 42% and 8% respectively for Thiès, Mbour and Tivaouane. Technically, DUMHI beneficiaries bore less of the costs of the services covered compared to non-beneficiaries. The 3 DUMHI were subject to the risks of abuse and adverse selection in 2021. Financially and economically, the loss ratios in 2021 were 209%, 166% and 70% respectively for the Mbour DUMHI, the Thiés DUMHI and the Tivaouane DUMHI. The DUMHI of Thiès and Mbour were unable to cover all of their expenses with their own funds, and the amount of contributions was very low to support the total expenses, with the DUMHI Tivaouane being an exception in 2021. The operating cost ratios were 12% for DUMHI Thiés, 19% for DUMHI Mbour and 18.5% for Tivaouane in 2021. The own financing rate was satisfactory for DUMHI Tivaouane with 143% compared to 94% for Thiés and 87% for Mbour in 2021. Conclusion: Apart from administrative and functional viability, the other dimensions of viability: technical, financial were threatened once the state subsidy stops and the partners withdraw. Thus, a revival of communications activities and the provision of additional and innovative financing will strengthen their functionality.
Explore the Governance Method of Network Environment from the Stratification of the Internet
Authors: Yiren Xiong
Published: December 2024

Due to the maturity of electronic media communication and the increasingly strong requirements of people for boundaries in real life, more and more people are eager to find their belonging from the Internet, which has led to the formation of today's Internet stratification. Under the influence of the lack of barriers to access to Internet information, the poor network environment has also become a major network chaos that has been criticized by the Internet people. Based on the survey results, the phenomenon of the network circle is studied, the reasons and characteristics of the formation of the network circle are analyzed, and two Internet environment governance methods of relaxation and barrier improvement are proposed.
The Role of Microorganisms in Bio-cement Production: An Extended Review
Authors: Tegegn Yoseph
Published: December 2024

Bio-cement is an innovative material with the potential for replacement of conventional cement through microorganisms-influenced process. The major method uses bacterial, fungal, or algal activity to produce Microbial-Induced Calcium carbonate Precipitation (MICP). This review aims to understand the microbial aspect of bio-cement production explaining the process through MICP that is enhanced by ureolytic bacteria with a focus on Sporosarcina pasteurii through the provide urease. Bio-cement has many environmental advantages such as lower CO2 emission in comparison with common cement and opportunities to utilization of waste products. In construction, it is used in self-healing concrete, crack repair, and soil stabilization among others to demonstrate its flexibility in the construction industry due to its available solutions to many structural and geotechnical problems. The review also includes directions for basic, applied, and translational research, targeted genetic modifications for enhanced microbial performance, bio-cement, and more effective microbial strains, and the convergence of bio-cement with 3D printing. Even though bio-cement is an environmentally friendly approach used for soil stabilization, the negative impacts that surround the environment, for further research in making the bio-cement more bio-deteriorate and energy efficient.
Digital Twins for Improving Proactive Maintenance Management
Authors: Gomaa Attia
Published: December 2024

Proactive maintenance is a policy aimed at identifying the root cause of failure and correcting it before it causes other problems and leads to machinery failure and breakdown. Implementing this policy can enhance reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety (RAMS) at low cost. A digital twin (DT) is a digital copy of a physical object and its applications will play a leading role in the future of smart manufacturing. DT concept is increasingly appearing in industrial applications including proactive maintenance, enabling accurate identification of equipment condition, proactive prediction of faults, and enhanced reliability. This review paper focuses on the performance and applications of different aspects of DTs in proactive maintenance polices. The review of literature focused on the applications of DT in maintenance management for improving equipment RAMS. The literature review shows that the application of DT techniques in proactive maintenance remains very important for managing the maintenance of critical equipment and production systems. Several DT frameworks for proactive maintenance have been discussed. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research initiatives aiming to fully utilize the capabilities of technology design teams. Finally, the results of this study will be of value to professionals who want and aspire to implement technological design to achieve maintenance excellence.
Scrutinizing Agricultural Sectors to Uncover the Existing Challenges for the Goal of Climate Change Mitigation Targets
Authors: Bayata Adugna , Mulatu Getachew
Published: December 2024

Agriculture acts as a crucial facilitator while currently being the primary victim of climate change. This review paper examines the agricultural sectors role in achieving climate change mitigation targets, focusing on critical challenges and proposing on actionable solutions. The review also highlights the need for system-based approach that integrates technological innovation, sustainable land management, and policy interventions. It underscores the importance of cross-sector collaboration, economic incentives and robust monitoring frameworks to overcome barriers and accelerates the sector’s transition towards sustainability. Climate change (CC) is one of the most pressing challenges confronting the global community at present and constitutes a significant jeopardy to the existence, nutritional stability, and economic progression of numerous nations. This climate fluctuation exerts an impact on all nations regardless of their developmental status; it constitutes unbounded global challenge. It is important that land use regulation alongside soil and water conservation methodologies be augmented to mitigate the ramification of climate change, specifically in the management of floods, erosion and landslides. Different approaches are followed to mitigate current challenging climate changes; such as irrigation management strategy, recycling bio-wastes, incorporation of crop residue into soil, and soil and water conservation as well as, managing soil moisture are crucial strategies.
Using New Adsorbent Georgian Bentonite Clay “Askangel” in Trout Feed
Authors: Lashkarashvili Tornike , Chkuaseli Amros
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of bentonite clay of aluminosilicate origin (Askangel) from Georgia as a natural adsorbent of mycotoxins in aquaculture, specifically in trout feeding. The study was conducted on rainbow trout divided into three test groups, each receiving different percentages of Askangel (0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%) in their feed. A synthetic adsorbent was added at 0.1% to the control group’s feed. At the end of the experiment, the weight gain for fish was as follows: 205±0,62 g in the IV test group and 203±0,72 g in the III test group, 189±0,85 g in the II test group, and 175 ±0,83 g in the control group. Fish survival rates were 97% in the III and IV test groups, 95% in the II test group, and 92% in the control group. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.9-0.92 in the III and IV test groups, 1 in the II test group, and 1.1 in the control group. The adsorption rate of aflatoxin B1 reached 83-90% in the III and IV test groups, while T2/HT2 mycotoxin adsorption was 12.5-14%. In the II test group, the adsorption rate for B1 was 76.4%, and for T2/HT2 it was 10%. In the control group, the adsorption rates were 68.1% for B1 and 7.1% for T2/HT2. Overall, the results indicate that Askangel serves as an effective mycotoxin adsorbent, positively influencing the growth, health, and chemical composition of trout meat, as well as enhancing its taste properties.
Cycle and Chain Algorithms for Optimizing Employee Transfers: A Case Study of Grade Medical Officer Transfers in Sri Lanka
Authors: Pathiraja Sugath
Published: December 2024

This article explores the application of the Cycle and Chain Algorithms in optimizing employee transfers, with a specific focus on Grade Medical Officers in Sri Lanka. Transfers in large organizations often involve complex cycles or chains of movement, where one employee is replaced by another in a linked sequence. These algorithms have been adapted to identify and track these patterns within the annual transfer system, efficiently processing thousands of requests while ensuring service continuity across healthcare institutions. The study reveals a significant reduction in manual workload and enhanced accuracy in identifying transfer patterns, particularly in complex scenarios where traditional methods may fail to detect hidden links between movements. The algorithms are demonstrated to be particularly valuable in the healthcare sector, where uninterrupted services are critical. By automating the identification of cycles and chains, they enable human resource managers to streamline workflows, improve transparency, and support fair decision-making processes. Furthermore, these algorithms are versatile and have broad potential applications beyond healthcare, including logistics, finance, and emergency services, where interdependent movements are common. Their systematic and efficient approach offers organizations a robust solution to handle complex movement processes, minimizing bottlenecks and reducing the likelihood of errors in decision-making. This study underscores the transformative potential of Cycle and Chain Algorithms in modern human resource management, demonstrating how their application can enhance operational efficiency, fairness, and transparency in transfer processes, while also offering insights for their adoption in other industries with similar logistical challenges.
Domestic Debt Exchange Program Impact on Financial Sector Performance in a Digital Technology Era
Authors: Asare Joseph , Ntiamoah Jones , Ampong George , Arhenful Peter , Nkyi Joseph
Published: December 2024

Governments economic recovery policy such as domestic debt exchange program (DDEP) significantly influences the patronage of digital financial products, and services in developing economies. This often led to a weakening of financial institutions ' capital and overall performance. Using dual analysis, this study applies both qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze the impacts of DDEP through the Lense of digital financial technology applications by financial institutions and conducted both regression and data envelopment analysis. Using the smartPLS model, paths were created to identify and analyze key impacting factors. A bootstrapping of 333 samples was carried out using selected financial institutions in a DDE implemented economy, weighing each case, where t = 1.96 significant value was taken and a p-value <0.05 was also considered to be statistically significant. The study assumed that an efficient DEA is achieved if the DMUO has an ideal solution of µ*, v* in model two and µ* > 0 and v* > 0 and includes a Ɵ*, ƛ*, ƛ* ideal solution. The study found that DDEP can have 15 negative impacts on financial institutions' performance. Also, most financial institutions were found to be inefficient in applying technology to mitigate the negative effects DDEP. Further, despite the introduction of advanced technology financial, the study results showed that nonperforming loans increased between 25% to 35% within twelve months of introducing the DDE, meaning financial institutions are unable to collect both principal and interest on loans by capitalizing technology on during the DDE program. Also, the sector collectively can suffer a sharp increase in impairment loss on financial assets by over 92% during DDE program. In addition, DDEP can caused between 48.5% to 5.68% sharp decline to return on assets.
Indian Festivals: A Booster Dose for the Indian Economy
Authors: Kumari Ritu
Published: December 2024

Festivals have great importance in India. People celebrate festivals with great pomp and show. During the festive season, this also gives a booster dose to the Indian economy. During the festival season, the Indian economy gets an opportunity to take off. In a year's festive season, India has an estimated turnover of about four lakh crores. Festivals have special significance in Indian culture. Indian citizens celebrate these festivals with devotion and enthusiasm. During these festivals, retail trade worth between Rs 1 to 2 lakh crore takes place in the country, which is a very large part of the retail trade done during the whole year. During the festive period, lakhs of new employment opportunities are created and there is a great deal of employment. The objective of this research article is to explain the contribution of Indian festivals in strengthening the Indian economy. Purpose: This paper examined how Indian festivals a booster dose for the Indian economy. Economic and non-economic factors are associated with people’s happiness in India. Methodology: This paper determined the significant factors that affected the average happiness of the Indian population by using a comparative analytical method and an ordinary least square regression analysis. These data are available by the Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT) Report on Diwali Sales, 2023, Retailers Association of India (RAI) – Festive Season E-Commerce Sales Report, 2023, Ministry of Tourism, India – “Cultural Tourism Statistics 2023.” The study examined the It is based on a detailed study of Indian festivals, wedding season and its relation with the Indian economy. Findings: The results indicated that Indian festivals are not just cultural celebrations; they are powerful engines that drive economic growth, create jobs and promote cultural tourism. Practical Implications: This paper offered crucial practical insights for policymakers in India. Promote eco-friendly products: Retailers and e-commerce platforms should highlight eco-friendly options during the festive season. Consumers can be encouraged to choose sustainable options through discounts or rewards. Digital payments and online shopping have already seen a boom during festivals. Collaborate with the global market: Originality/Value: This paper examined factors associated with people’s overall happiness in India. Data and Facts: The Economic Power of Indian Festivals In 2024, Indian festivals are expected to generate revenues of $75 billion, contributing significantly to sectors such as retail, e-commerce, hospitality, and tourism.
Assess the Factors Contributing to Students' Public Speaking Anxiety Specifically During Classroom Presentations
Authors: Gebre Mandefro
Published: December 2024

Anxiety, specifically in situations involving speaking, is characterized as a type of fear that manifests through observable symptoms. Public Speaking Anxiety is a prevalent issue among students during classroom presentations, affecting their confidence and performance. Despite its significance, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the specific factors that contribute to this form of anxiety in educational settings. From these observations, it's apparent that not all individuals possess the same speaking and presentation skills. While some may excel as confident speakers, others might experience speaking anxiety, especially when addressing large audiences or during classroom presentations. Hence, the researcher intends to assess the factors contributing to students' public speaking anxiety specifically during classroom presentations. The objectives of this study are to assess to the major contributing factors for student speaking anxiety in classroom presentation. This study was conducted in Bonga University, particularly in college of educational and behavioral sciences in 4th year psychology students. This study was conducted both quantitative and qualitative approach of the study. The total population of this study is all 4th year students from psychology educational and behavioral students. Bonga University from these, females is 15 and males students are 20, total 35 students in are the population of this study. The researcher was collected data from the respondents by using self-administration questionnaires. The first variable shows that from 35 total participant 20 (42.86 %) were male and the rest of 15 (57.14 %) were female. there are numerous effect on children’s academic achievement from those effects the study was concerned and discussed on the impact of public speaking anxiety to student’s academic achievement. The primary objective of the study was to explore the contributing factors for students’ public speaking anxiety in classroom presentation. The consequence of speaking anxiety are emotional, educational, and social, shyness and retile affect the social skills necessary for children to make friends, shy students tend to confine their aspirations to vocations that require little oral communication. Practicing complete speech several times would certainly give the speakers an edge. They can practice it with a small number of people they are at ease with.
Impact of Customer Relationship Management on Client Satisfaction at the Banking Industry in Chattogram
Authors: Akter Tahita , Ahmad Shakil
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) practices on Customer Satisfaction (CS) in the banking sector of Chattogram, Bangladesh. Focusing on three primary CRM constructs—Service Quality (SQ), Handling Complaints (HC) and Employee Behavior (EB)—the research aims to identify which factors most significantly influence customer satisfaction. Using a sample of 108 respondents obtained through convenience sampling, the study employs quantitative analysis via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the relationships between these CRM elements and customer satisfaction levels. The descriptive statistics indicate high mean scores for all CRM constructs, suggesting generally positive customer perceptions. The results demonstrate that complaints handling has the strongest positive impact on customer satisfaction, followed closely by service quality, while employee behavior has a moderate effect. Based on these findings, key recommendations for banks include enhancing complaints resolution processes, standardizing service quality and investing in CRM technology to optimize customer interaction management. This study underscores the importance of effective CRM practices in improving customer satisfaction within Chattogram’s banking sector and provides actionable insights for banks aiming to strengthen customer relationships and enhance satisfaction outcomes. The findings contribute to the growing body of CRM literature and provide valuable guidance for banks looking to refine their customer-centric strategies in a competitive market environment.
Analysis of Natural and Technological Losses of Products in the Collection, Preliminary Preparation and Storage Systems at the Kokdumalok Umid and South Kemachi Mines
Authors: Saidaziz Xabibullayev , Mirzohid Abdukarimov , Shohbozbek Norqulov , Nigora Mamatova
Published: December 2024

This article examines and analyzes the collection and preparation systems in oil fields. It explores the conditions under which various technological schemes are applied during the process. The establishment of large centralized collection points greatly simplifies the collection schemes of oil and liquid hydrocarbons from separate deposits and creates favorable conditions for their integration into large objects. It is more profitable to separate oil and gas in large centralized facilities than in small facilities. Such centralization allows to reduce the loss of light oil fractions, to improve oil production, to provide deeper processing of gas, and to ensure maximum extraction of raw materials for the chemical industry. Today, in the oil and gas regions of many countries, great work is being done on the development of oil and gas gathering systems, and the technical and economic basis of oil and gas gathering and preparation and shipping is being analyzed. In the future, the development of optimized oil collection and preparation systems is planned, with the goal of integrating these systems into national budgets. This article was prepared on the example of a mine as part of the research and includes the application of the results in these mines. The technological losses in the fields during the initial preparation of the extracted oil in the fields were analyzed. In this process, losses of oil with associated gas, together with separated water and by evaporation in the reservoir are considered. The article also calculates the amount of oil that could be recovered by mixing with satellite gas, specifically for the Kokdumaloq and Southern Kemachi fields, and provides recommendations for reducing these losses.
Optimizing Prevention Methods and Drilling Fluid Parameters to Minimize Lost Circulation in Drilling Operations
Authors: Talib Isgandarli
Published: December 2024

Optimizing Prevention Methods and Drilling Fluid Parameters to Minimize Lost Circulation in Drilling Operations
General Models for Monthly Average Daily Global Solar Irradiation
Authors: Ilboudo Jacques , Bonkoungou Dominique , Tassembedo Sosthene , Koalaga Zacharie
Published: December 2024

With the world’s growing demand for electricity and the crucial need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it’s more important than ever to develop renewable energies, particularly solar power. The study carried out in this document is in line with the same principle, i.e. to improve the exploitation of solar energy. Its aim is to develop a mathematical model for mean monthly daily global solar irradiation that is independent of measurement data and suitable for all sites worldwide. For this study, we used daily global solar irradiation data for a horizontal surface. These data are from 60 sites worldwide and cover the period from 2000 to 2023. To examine the quality of the models established in the document, we carried out an investigation into performance tools. We have presented two, including MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Based on the daily global solar irradiance data from the 60 sites, the empirical model of extraterrestrial daily solar irradiance, and computational tools, we have formulated mathematical expressions of solar irradiance. It has the particularity of being independent of measurement data such as the duration of the day and temperature of the sites. It requires only the latitudes of the locations to estimate the solar potential values of the sites. A study of the performance of the established model showed that the model of monthly mean daily global solar irradiation values has fairly acceptable accuracy and fairly good correlation.