bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive model and measure of compensation satisfaction
Authors: Williams Margaret L. , Brower Holly H. , Ford Lucy R. , Williams Larry J. , Carraher Shawn M.
Published: January 2008

We describe the results of two studies designed to develop a comprehensive theoretical model and measure of compensation satisfaction. Our typology of compensation satisfaction consists of seven dimensions: four for pay (level, structure, raises, and variable pay procedures satisfaction) and three dimensions for benefits (level, determination, and administration satisfaction). We used new and existing items to develop the Comprehensive Compensation Satisfaction Questionnaire. In Study 1, we report the results of exploratory factor analysis that supports a seven‐factor structure. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis supported the same seven‐factor structure in a different sample. We examined relationships between the compensation satisfaction dimensions and their antecedents and consequences. Seven hypotheses regarding differential antecedents of compensation satisfaction were supported. Satisfaction with aspects of compensation procedures were related to perceived organizational support, and perceived organizational support mediated the relationships between these compensation satisfaction procedures and affective commitment and turnover intentions. Our final analysis yielded a 29‐item scale (including eight new items) which we recommend for use in future compensation satisfaction research.
Work values: Some demographic and cultural correlates
Authors: Warr Peter
Published: January 2008

Employment‐related values were recorded at two levels of scope: perceived importance of the work‐role and of particular job characteristics. Associations with workers' sex, age, employment status, and education level were significant. Work values also differed among countries with a different cultural heritage – historically catholic, historically communist, or historically protestant. Implications for research into job content and reactions and for evaluative judgments in the operation of traits, motives, and attitudes were considered.
Expert vs. general working sample differences in KSAO improvability ratings and relationships with measures relevant to occupational and organizational psychology
Authors: Maurer Todd J. , Lippstreu Michael
Published: January 2008

A broad sample of workers from the U.S. workforce as well as a group of Ph.D.s in Applied or I‐O Psychology rated a varied set of KSAOs in terms of the extent to which each KSAO could be improved by people through effort. Results in the general working population reflected a type of ‘Horatio Alger myth’ of work‐related human capability, or a belief that it is possible to change most of any work‐related attribute of oneself through effort. Expert psychologists did not agree with the worker sample, differentiating among KSAOs to a greater extent and rating KSAOs as less improvable overall. We initiated a taxonomy of perceived improvability of KSAOs, providing some indication of the expected perceived improvability of KSAOs. Within the worker sample, observed differences in ‘improvability’ ratings could be attributed mainly to individual differences in people. These individual differences related to a broad set of other important individual measures relevant to occupational and organizational psychology, including motivation for employee development, attitudes towards selection tests and performance appraisal systems, learning/performance goal orientation, and job analysis ratings of KSAO importance and needed at job entry. The total set of results strongly suggests that KSAO improvability ratings may be an additional tool that can be used effectively to understand some aspects of occupational and organizational psychology.
Maximizing journal impact: Moving from inspections of topics to scans for techniques, populations and actions
Authors: Walker Alan G.
Published: January 2008

The comments offered in this article are intended to maximize the benefits and impact of JOOP content for both practitioners and academicians. Specifically, I argue that because practitioners and academicians alike are ‘time‐poor’ when it comes to reading journal articles, we inevitably end up conducting ‘topical scans’ in which we scan the titles of an issue for relevant topics. In order to maximize the impact of JOOP content, in addition to these topical scans, we also need to include scans for: (a) relevant techniques, (b) relevant populations, and (c) relevant actions that may be applicable even if the specific topic is not. I also discuss the importance of practitioners becoming more involved in the publication process and describe a matchmaking mechanism for research‐practitioner publication collaborations. Finally, I argue that scientist‐practitioners are the true heroes of our profession and should therefore be held in high regard.
Social problem solving, anxiety, and depression in adult male prisoners
Authors: McMurran Mary , Christopher Gary
Published: January 2008

Objectives. Social problem‐solving ability has been identified as a significant mediator between stressful life‐events and psychological distress in community samples. This study examined the relationships between social problem solving, anxiety, and depression in adult male prisoners. The hypothesis was that a negative problem orientation (NPO) would be the strongest predictor of anxiety and depression.

Methods. Participants (N=68) completed the Social Problem‐Solving Inventory–Revised: Short Version (SPSI‐R:S) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results. NPO was found to be the sole predictor of anxiety and depression.

Conclusion. NPO includes feelings of nervousness, threat, and fear in response to problems. In a prison setting, this may serve to protect the individual against conflict with and abuse by dominant others. However, high levels of fear and anxiety may be disabling both for coping with imprisonment and for effective participation in rehabilitation programmes. While this raises issues regarding prison cultures and the damage imprisonment may cause to individuals, it also indicates that interventions to assist some prisoners to cope are required.
Sex offender risk assessment: Consideration of human rights in community protection legislation
Authors: Vess James
Published: January 2008

Objectives. Risk assessments provided to judicial decision makers as a part of the current generation of legislation for protecting the public from sexual offenders can have a profound impact on the rights of individual offenders. This article will identify some of the human rights issues inherent in using the current assessment procedures to formulate and communicate risk as a forensic expert in cases involving civil commitment, preventive detention, extended supervision, or special conditions of parole.

Method. Based on the current professional literature and applied experience in legal proceedings under community protection laws in the United States and New Zealand, potential threats to the rights of offenders are identified. Central to these considerations are issues of the accuracy of current risk assessment measures, communicating the findings of risk assessment appropriately to the court, and the availability of competent forensic mental health professionals in carrying out these functions. The role of the forensic expert is discussed in light of the competing demands of protecting individual human rights and community protection.

Conclusion. Actuarial risk assessment represents the best practice for informing judicial decision makers in cases involving sex offenders, yet these measures currently demonstrate substantial limitations in predictive accuracy when applied to individual offenders. These limitations must be clearly articulated when reporting risk assessment findings. Sufficient risk assessment expertise should be available to provide a balanced application of community protection laws.
Experiences of living with congestive heart failure: A qualitative study
Authors: Thornhill K. , Lyons A. C. , Nouwen A. , Lip G. Y. H.
Published: January 2008

Objectives. This study sought to explore people's experiences of being diagnosed and subsequently living with congestive heart failure.

Design. Qualitative methodology involving in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews and interpretative phenomenological analytic techniques.

Methods. Twenty‐five patients (twenty‐one men) with congestive heart failure were interviewed at City Hospital, Birmingham, UK. Twelve were current in‐patients and thirteen were out‐patients. Ages ranged between 35 and 83 years.

Results. Four main themes were identified in the transcripts, namely the diagnostic process (identifying symptoms, seeking medical help and coming to terms with the diagnosis); change in activities, life‐style, work and self/identity; the role of others in adjusting to life with chronic illness and negative and positive emotional reactions.

Conclusions. Participants felt restricted in many aspects of their daily lives, highlighting the significant impact of the condition. Participants' social relationships and social activities were particularly important in helping with adjustment to life with heart failure. Implications of these results for interventions, education and self‐management are discussed. Further research is required to investigate the benefits of professional psychological support for heart failure patients.
Promoting participation in physical activity using framed messages: An application of prospect theory
Authors: Latimer Amy E. , Rench Tara A. , Rivers Susan E. , Katulak Nicole A. , Materese Stephanie A. , Cadmus Lisa , Hicks Althea , Hodorowski Julie Keany , Salovey Peter
Published: January 2008

Objectives Messages designed to motivate participation in physical activity usually emphasize the benefits of physical activity (gain‐framed) as well as the costs of inactivity (loss‐framed). The framing implications of prospect theory suggest that the effectiveness of these messages could be enhanced by providing gain‐framed information only. We compared the effectiveness of gain‐, loss‐, and mixed‐framed messages for promoting moderate to vigorous physical activity.

Design Randomized trial.

Method Sedentary, healthy callers to the US National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service (N=322) received gain‐, loss‐, or mixed‐framed messages on three occasions (baseline, Week 1, and Week 5). Social cognitive variables and self‐reported physical activity were assessed at baseline, Week 2, and Week 9. Separate regression analyses were conducted to examine message effects at each assessment point.

Results At Week 2, gain‐ and mixed‐framed messages resulted in stronger intentions and greater self‐efficacy than loss‐framed messages. At Week 9, gain‐framed messages resulted in greater physical activity participation than loss‐ or mixed‐framed messages. Social cognitive variables at Week 2 did not mediate the Week 9 framing effects on physical activity participation.

Conclusions Using gain‐framed messages exclusively may be a means of increasing the efficacy of physical activity materials.
Does hope predict adjustment to end‐stage renal failure and consequent dialysis?
Authors: Billington Elizabeth , Simpson Jane , Unwin Jen , Bray Dominic , Giles David
Published: January 2008

Objectives Hope is important in determining positive outcomes in a range of chronic illnesses. This study examined the role of hope in adjustment to end‐stage renal failure (ESRF) and consequent dialysis.

Design A cross‐sectional design examined the ability of hope to predict adjustment to ESRF over and above other relevant variables.

Methods Individuals receiving dialysis at 4 units in the North‐West UK were invited to take part in the study. 103 questionnaire packs were included in the analysis. Multiple regression equations determined whether hope was able to predict significant variance in adjustment over and above that accounted for by other factors (demographic and illness‐related factors, perceived control, and social support). Measures of anxiety, depression, and quality of life constituted a multidimensional measure of adjustment to ESRF.

Results Each of the regression models was significant. Hope emerged as an independent significant predictor in five of the multiple regressions: anxiety; depression; effects and symptoms of kidney disease; and mental health quality of life. Age also emerged as an important predictor of outcome.

Conclusions It appears that hope is a significant predictor of adjustment to ESRF. Clinical implications of this research are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
The benefits of psychological displacement in diary writing when using different pronouns
Authors: Seih Y. T. , Lin Y. C. , Huang C. L. , Peng C. W. , Huang S. P.
Published: January 2008

This study examined a new emotional writing paradigm, that is PDDP. PDDP instructs participants to write diary in first‐person pronoun first, and then narrate the same event from a different perspective using second‐person pronoun. Finally, the participants write it again with third‐person pronoun from yet another perspective. These three narrations were to be written in a consecutive sequential order. Results demonstrated that diary writers indeed benefited from features of PDDP. It also showed that highly anxious people received most long‐term therapeutic effect from PDDP. We argue that PDDP enacts the needed mechanism to balance psychological distance prolonging and self‐disclosure making in emotional writing.
Seeing the glass half full: Optimistic expressive writing improves mental health among chronically stressed caregivers
Authors: Mackenzie Corey S. , Wiprzycka Ursula J. , Hasher Lynn , Goldstein David
Published: January 2008

Objectives. This study explored treatment mediators among caregivers of older adults who did not benefit from expressive writing in a recently published randomized clinical trial.

Methods. Twenty‐seven expressive writing and time management participants completed questionnaires prior to writing, following their fourth writing session, and 1 month later. We examined the effect of group differences in linguistic markers on health improvements.

Results and conclusions. Our hypothesis concerning narrative development received no support, and expected links between function words and health were partially confirmed. Results most strongly supported the hypothesis that expressive writing benefited caregivers who used increasingly positive, optimistic, and future‐focused language.
Stressful life‐events exposure is associated with 17‐year mortality, but it is health‐related events that prove predictive
Authors: Phillips Anna C. , Der Geoff , Carroll Douglas
Published: January 2008

Objectives Despite the widely‐held view that psychological stress is a major cause of poor health, few studies have examined the relationship between stressful life‐events exposure and death. The present analyses examined the association between overall life‐events stress load, health‐related and health‐unrelated stress, and subsequent all‐cause mortality.

Design This study employed a prospective longitudinal design incorporating time‐varying covariates.

Methods Participants were 968 Scottish men and women who were 56 years old. Stressful life‐events experience for the preceding 2 years was assessed at baseline, 8–9 years and 12–13 years later. Mortality was tracked for the subsequent 17 years during which time 266 participants had died. Cox's regression models with time‐varying covariates were applied. We adjusted for sex, occupational status, smoking, BMI, and systolic blood pressure.

Results Overall life‐events numbers and their impact scores at the time of exposure and the time of assessment were associated with 17‐year mortality. Health‐related event numbers and impact scores were strongly predictive of mortality. This was not the case for health‐unrelated events.

Conclusions The frequency of life‐events and the stress load they imposed were associated with all‐cause mortality. However, it was the experience and impact of health‐related, not health‐unrelated, events that proved predictive. This reinforces the need to disaggregate these two classes of exposures in studies of stress and health outcomes.
Fear appeals and binge drinking: A terror management theory perspective
Authors: Jessop Donna C. , Wade Jennifer
Published: January 2008

Objectives The aim of the current research was to test the terror management theory‐derived hypotheses that exposure to information about the mortality‐related risks of binge drinking would make mortality salient (Study 1) and, hence, exacerbate willingness to binge drink amongst those who perceive this behaviour to benefit self‐esteem (Study 2).

Study 1 Participants (N=97) were allocated to one of five experimental conditions. Results confirmed that exposure to information about the mortality‐related risks of binge drinking made mortality salient.

Study 2 Participants (N=296) were allocated to one of three experimental conditions. Exposure to mortality‐related information about the risks of binge drinking was found to result in greater willingness to binge drink among (i) binge drinkers and (ii) non‐binge drinkers who perceived this behaviour to benefit self‐esteem. There was no evidence, however, that exposure to such information influenced binge drinking over the following week.

Conclusions Research findings suggest that mortality‐related health promotion campaigns might inadvertently make mortality salient, and hence precipitate the very behaviours which they aim to deter among some recipients.
The effectiveness of psychodynamic‐interpersonal therapy (PIT) in routine clinical practice: A benchmarking comparison
Authors: Paley Graham , Cahill Jane , Barkham Michael , Shapiro David , Jones Jaque , Patrick Sarah , Reid Errol
Published: January 2008

Aims. To investigate the effectiveness of psychodynamic‐interpersonal therapy (PIT) in a routine clinical practice setting.

Methods. Full pre–post data were available on 62 out of a total of 67 patients aged between 19 and 60 years. Patients were seen over a 52‐month period (2001–2005) receiving a course of PIT therapy (mean number of sessions=16.9, median number of sessions=16). The outcomes were assessed using a range of outcome measures: the 32‐item version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP‐32), the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM), and the Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition (BDI‐II). Study data were benchmarked against comparative national and local data.

Results. There were significant pre–post reductions on all measures: IIP‐32 effect size (ES)=0.56; CORE–OM ES=0.76; BDI–II ES=0.76. Reliable and clinically significant change was achieved by 34% of clients on the BDI‐II and by 40% of clients on the CORE‐OM. Clients with high pre‐therapy levels of interpersonal problems had poorer outcomes.

Conclusion. Benchmarking our results against both national and local comparative data showed that our results were less favourable than those obtained where PIT had been used in efficacy trials, but were comparable with reports of other therapies (including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)) in routine practice settings. The results show that PIT can yield acceptable clinical outcomes, comparable to CBT in a routine care setting, within the context of current limitations of the practice‐based evidence paradigm.
Face perception: A very special issue
Authors: Young Andrew W. , de Haan Edward H. F. , Bauer Russell M.
Published: January 2008

The perception of a face allows us to recognize the person, infer his or her emotional state, better understand what the person is saying, and derive general information, such as age and gender. This unique visual stimulus has generated a wealth of research, and subsequently theoretical and methodological debate. This special issue brings together 16 original papers that show the extraordinary diversity and fruitfulness of the approaches now being pursued. They are aimed at understanding different aspects of face perception in populations ranging from healthy children to adults with brain lesions and with techniques covering the entire spectrum from paper‐and‐pencil tests to functional brain imaging. Together, these contributions provide an insightful overview of the current state of research on face perception and exemplify the questions that dominate the field. To one such question, whether ‘face perception’ is a special issue in the broad field of the cognitive neurosciences, the answer is clearly yes!
Size Selectivity, Injury, Handling Time, and Determinants of Initial Hooking Mortality in Recreational Angling for Northern Pike: The Influence of Type and Size of Bait
Authors: Arlinghaus Robert , Klefoth Thomas , Kobler Alexander , Cooke Steven J.
Published: January 2008

We examined the relationship between bait and lure size and type and body size, injury, and handling time for northern pike Esox lucius, an important recreational fisheries resource in much of North America and Europe. Bait type and size were significantly related to the size of fish captured and hooking location. Hooking in critical locations (i.e., gills, gullet) was more likely to occur with natural bait, soft plastic shads and jigs, and spoons than with spinners and wobblers (i.e., plugs). Small baits (<75 mm) were more likely to hook the fish in the gills and less likely to hook the fish in the upper jaw than larger baits. It took longer to remove hooks from gills than from other hooking locations. Frequency of bleeding was related to depth of hooking but was unrelated to fish size, bait type, bait size, or fishing method. Initial mortality of northern pike was low (mean ± 95% confidence interval = 2.4 ± 1.5%), and hooking mortality was significantly related to the level of bleeding as a proxy for severity of injury. Results of this study suggest that using large artificial lures and large natural baits can effectively reduce the incidence of hooking small northern pike (i.e., those that are sublegal in some jurisdictions). However, the use of natural bait can also result in a higher incidence of deep hooking, which in turn increases the likelihood of injury and bleeding. This study revealed the complexity associated with using bait and lure restrictions to complement standard harvest regulations in northern pike recreational fisheries.
Factors Affecting Bottom Trawl Catches: Implications for Monitoring the Fishes of Lake Superior
Authors: Yule Daniel L. , Adams Jean V. , Stockwell Jason D. , Gorman Owen T.
Published: January 2008

An annual daytime bottom trawl survey of the Lake Superior fish community designed in 1978 does not adequately assess the entire community. Whereas recent studies have recommended that pelagic species be surveyed with a combination of acoustic and midwater trawling methods (AC–MT), we used bottom trawling to study the effects of depth, diel period, and season on biomass estimates and the sizes of bottom-oriented species. Day and night bottom trawl samples were collected within 48 h at three depths (30, 60, and 120 m) at a Lake Superior site during eight sampling periods that included two seasons each year (early summer and late summer to early fall) for 2 years (2004 and 2005). Depth significantly affected the biomass of seven of the eight species analyzed, while diel period affected the biomass of six species. For most species, average biomass levels were higher at night. The effect of season on biomass was comparatively low (three species were significantly affected). Depth significantly affected the sizes of six bottom-oriented species, as the average length of most species increased with depth. The effects of diel period (three species) and season (one species) on average length were comparatively small. By adding night bottom trawl samples to night AC–MT collections, the entire fish community of Lake Superior can be monitored with a single lakewide survey employing multiple gears. The establishment of offshore sampling (i.e., where depths exceed 80 m) will provide estimates of deepwater species that have been largely undersampled by the 1978-designed survey. We recommend that the present fish community survey be maintained, albeit at a reduced level, until a nighttime survey time series is well established (in 3–5 years).
Comparison of Rainbow Smelt Age Estimates from Fin Rays and Otoliths
Authors: Walsh Maureen G. , Maloy Aaron P. , O'Brien Timothy P.
Published: January 2008

Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, although nonnative, are an important component of the offshore food web in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In Lake Ontario, we estimate ages of rainbow smelt annually to study population dynamics such as year-class strength and age-specific growth and mortality. Since the early 1980s, we have used pectoral fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages, but the sectioning and mounting of fin rays are time and labor intensive. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of using otoliths rather than fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages. Three readers interpreted the ages of 172 rainbow smelt (60–198 mm total length) based on thin sections of pectoral fin rays, whole otoliths with no preparation, and whole otoliths that had been cleared for 1 month in a 70:30 ethanol : glycerin solution. Bias was lower and precision was greater for fin rays than for otoliths; these results were consistent for comparisons within readers (first and second readings by one individual; three readers were used) and between readers (one reading for each reader within a pair). Both otolith methods appeared to misclassify age-1 rainbow smelt. Fin ray ages had the highest precision and provided the best approximation of age estimates inferred from the Lake Ontario population's length frequency distribution and from our understanding of this population.
Estrutura genética de populações de melhoramento de Pinus caribaea var. Hondurensis por meio de marcadores microssatélites
Authors: Furlan Rodrigo de Andrade , Mori Edson Seizo , Tambarussi Evandro Vagner , Moraes Cristiano Bueno de , Jesus Frederico Almeida de , Zimback Léo
Published: January 2008

O Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Barret & Golfari tem elevada importância como espécie comercialmente plantada; aproximadamente 1,8 milhões de hectares estão ocupados por plantios desta espécie no Brasil. O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar por meio de marcadores microssatélites a variabilidade genética em Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, bem como sua manutenção durante o processo de melhoramento genético, dentro de uma população- base de melhoramento, uma população de matrizes selecionadas e uma população melhorada F1. Para a realização das análises foi necessária a transferência de primers desenvolvidos para locos microssatélites de outras espécies do gênero. Dos 20 pares de primers testados, 8 foram transferidos para a espécie (RPS 25b, RPS 150, PSM 2, PR 4.6, PtTX 2037, PtTX 3029, RPTest 01 e RPTest 09). Verificou-se a existência de endogamia entre e dentro das populações estudadas, e o maior valor observado entre as populações foi F ST = 0,0213 (população base e F1). A heterozigosidade média observada e a heterozigosidade esperada na população-base foram, respectivamente, H0 = 0,2469 e He = 0,2489. A maior distância genética (D = 0,0119) foi observada entre as populações-base e a população melhorada F1. Através da distância genética entre as matrizes, foram indicados 10 cruzamentos potenciais entre as matrizes mais contrastantes, almejando a obtenção de vigor de híbrido nas progênies obtidas a partir destes cruzamentos.
Modelo agrometeorológico regional para estimativa da severidade da mancha de Phaeosphaeria em milho safrinha no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Rolim Glauco de Souza , Pedro Júnior Mario José , Fantin Gisèle Maria , Brunini Orivaldo , Duarte Aildson Pereira , Dudienas Christina
Published: January 2008

O milho safrinha, cultivado no outono-inverno, no Estado de São Paulo, tem apresentado com freqüência significativas reduções de produtividade devidas à mancha foliar de Phaeosphaeria. Como estratégia para minimizar esses danos, os modelos agrometeorológicos de previsão de doenças podem auxiliar no planejamento e na tomada de decisões para o controle da doença na cultura. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento e teste de modelos agrometeorológicos para previsão da porcentagem da área foliar afetada pela doença (%AFA) em função do acúmulo diário de temperatura média e de chuva, em escala regional. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações sobre a severidade da mancha de Phaeosphaeria em 158 cultivares de milho com diferentes níveis de resistência, durante a safrinha, em 14 diferentes localidades do Estado de São Paulo. Modelos foram desenvolvidos para cultivares suscetíveis, moderadamente resistentes e resistentes e os resultados indicaram haver boa performance na estimativa da %AFA, com altos valores de coeficiente de determinação (0,92; 0,81 e 0,83 respectivamente) e índice de concordância de Willmott (0,98; 0,87; 0,94 respectivamente), além de teste F significativo a 1% de probabilidade para todos os casos. Os resultados também permitiram sugerir que a chuva e a temperatura são os fatores preponderantes para a ocorrência da mancha de Phaeosphaeria no Estado de São Paulo. Esses modelos têm a vantagem de utilizar variáveis usualmente obtidas em estações meteorológicas e poderão ser empregados em sistemas de alerta fitossanitários para monitoramento da doença no Estado.
Potencial de redução de emissão de equivalente de carbono de uma unidade suinícola com biodigestor
Authors: Angonese André R. , Campos Alessandro T. , Welter Rosilene A.
Published: January 2008

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de reduções de emissão de carbono, em tCO2 eq ano-1, e estimar o valor financeiro obtido anualmente para o total de suínos da granja e o valor médio anual por animal em suinocultura, em sistema de recria e engorda, com capacidade instalada para 600 animais. O sistema de tratamento dos dejetos é realizado de forma integrada, possibilitando a reciclagem dos nutrientes, em que o biodigestor anaeróbio tubular estabiliza a matéria orgânica, produzindo metano e biofertilizante no processo. A estimativa foi efetuada baseando-se na metodologia AM0006, aprovada pelo Conselho Executivo do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo do IPCC. O potencial de redução de emissão de CO2 equivalente por ano foi de 325,16 t, correspondendo à redução de emissão de 0,54 tCO2 eq animal-1 ano-1, e a possibilidade de ganho financeiro com a comercialização desses créditos de carbono de aproximadamente R$ 5,31 animal-1 ano-1.
Variabilidade espacial e controle estatístico do processo de perdas na colheita mecanizada do algodoeiro
Authors: Silva Rouverson P. , Souza Fábio G. , Cortez Jorge W. , Furlani Carlos E. A. , Vigna Gustavo P.
Published: January 2008

Dentro do processo produtivo, a colheita, se mal conduzida, poderá causar prejuízos quali-quantitativos no produto final. Dessa forma, esse trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as perdas quantitativas, no solo e na planta, na colheita mecanizada de algodão, no ano agrícola de 2006, em Ipameri-GO, em um talhão de 1,4 ha, sendo georreferenciados 41 pontos, distanciados de 50 m no sentido da curva de nível e 9 m entre fileiras. As amostras foram coletadas colocando-se uma armação de 4,5 m² sobre o solo, coletando todo o algodão caído no solo e, em seguida, fez-se a coleta do algodão que permaneceu na planta após a passagem da colhedora. Além das perdas quantitativas determinaram-se o teor médio de água do algodão e o Rendimento Potencial Máximo (RPM). Foram construídas cartas de controle para verificar a qualidade da operação de colheita. Observou-se que as perdas na colheita do algodão foram altas, principalmente as perdas no solo (PS), indicando que a colhedora não apresentou boa eficiência de colheita. As perdas no solo não apresentaram dependência espacial, enquanto as perdas na planta e totais apresentaram dependência moderada e forte, respectivamente. O processo de colheita de algodão não se encontra dentro dos padrões de qualidade, sob o ponto de vista de controle estatístico de processo, devendo ser revistas as condições de colheita.
Alterações físicas e microbiológicas durante a compostagem dos dejetos de cabras
Authors: Orrico Ana C. A. , Lucas Júnior Jorge de , Orrico Júnior Marco A. P.
Published: January 2008

Avaliaram-se as reduções de massa seca enleirada, volume ocupado pelas leiras e coliformes durante a compostagem dos dejetos gerados por cabras Saanen e F1 (Saanen x Boer), alimentadas com três dietas (dieta 1 = 80% volumoso (V) e 20% concentrado (C); dieta 2 = 60% V e 40% C, e dieta 3 = 40% V e 60% C). As maiores reduções (P<0,05) nas quantidades de massa seca ocorreram em leiras formadas com os dejetos gerados por cabras alimentadas com a dieta 3 (56,2%), em relação aos dejetos gerados quando consumiram as dietas 2 (44,5%) e 1 (40,6%). A maior média da temperatura semanal ocorreu na primeira semana, em leiras formadas a partir dos dejetos de cabras que consumiram a dieta 3. As leiras preparadas com dejetos produzidos por cabras alimentadas com a dieta 1 mantiveram a temperatura superior por maior período de tempo (50,75º C, na terceira semana), em relação às originadas de cabras alimentadas com as dietas 2 e 3 (45,90 e 42 ºC, respectivamente, no mesmo período). As reduções de coliformes totais e fecais foram de, no mínimo, 99,99%. As reduções de volume, em função do tempo, geraram equações quadráticas em todas as condições.
Concentração de cátions presentes no lixiviado de solos tratados com vinhaça
Authors: Brito Fábio L. , Rolim Mário M. , Pedrosa Elvira M. R.
Published: January 2008

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do lixiviado de solos que receberam doses de vinhaça em diferentes tempos de incubação. Para isso, em 27 colunas de PVC de 20 x 110 cm (diâmetro x altura), foram reproduzidos três solos classificados como Nitossolo Háplico, Argissolo Amarelo e Espodossolo Cárbico, com horizontes, espessuras e densidades semelhantes à original. Os solos foram tratados com vinhaça em doses equivalentes a 0 (testemunha), 350 e 700 m³ ha-1 e submetidos aos tempos de incubação de 30 e 60 dias. Nos efluentes coletados, foi realizada análise de K, Ca, Mg e Na, e os dados obtidos, submetidos à análise multivariada, a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados indicaram efeito significativo para as variáveis K, Ca, Mg e Na com respeito ao solo, dose e tempo de incubação, exceto o Na para a causa de variação solo. De maneira geral, os menores valores das concentrações de cátions presentes nos lixiviados foram obtidos no Nitossolo, maior fração argila, seguido do Espodossolo devido ao horizonte espódico. Os valores dos cátions do lixiviado, comparados com os presentes na vinhaça in natura, foram significativamente reduzidos, indicando que os solos tiveram elevado poder de retenção.
Estudo comparativo de éguas repetidoras ou não de cio através da avaliação histológica do endométrio e das concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona
Authors: Eigenheer-Moreira Joana F. , Fernandes Flávio T. , Queiroz Fernando José R. , Pinho Tânia G. , Ferreira Ana Maria R.
Published: January 2008

O trabalho teve como objetivo geral fazer um estudo comparativo da histologia endometrial e das concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona (P4) em éguas, repetidoras ou não de cio. A hipótese do presente estudo é que existe correlação entre o histórico de infertilidade, os achados histopatológicos e a concentração de P4 destes animais. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 36 éguas, em idade reprodutiva (3-23 anos), das raças Mangalarga Marchador e Campolina. Utilizaram-se éguas não repetidoras (n=11) como grupo controle, sendo 4 éguas doadoras e 7 receptoras; e repetidoras de cio (n=25), 15 doadoras e 10 receptoras. Tal classificação foi realizada de acordo com o histórico reprodutivo destes animais. Amostras de endométrio foram coletadas para a realização de avaliação histopatológica e amostras de sangue para a mensuração das concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona. Os fragmentos de tecido endometrial obtidos pela biópsia foram fixados no Fixador de Bouin. Posteriormente os fragmentos foram processados e incluídos em parafina. Os cortes foram corados por Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE) para exame histopatológico. As concentrações plasmáticas de P4 foram mensuradas pelo método de enzima-imunoensaio (ELISA). Não foi observada correlação entre as concentrações de P4 e a subfertilidade, sendo estas variáveis tratadas como independentes. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a idade e a subfertilidade (p<0.05), assim, quanto mais velha a égua, maior a subfertilidade. Foi observada uma correlação entre a categoria da biópsia e a subfertilidade (p<0.05), ou seja, quanto mais alterações histológicas, maiores as chances da égua ser subfértil. Contudo, nem todas as éguas classificadas na Categoria I e II levaram a gestação a termo e nem todas da Categoria III tiveram falhas na reprodução, pois, deve-se considerar que outros fatores podem influenciar na manutenção da gestação. A biópsia endometrial demonstrou ser uma técnica fácil, segura, barata e com um desconforto mínimo para o animal. Sugere-se que esta técnica, juntamente com outros dados, constitui uma importante ferramenta para a avaliação da fertilidade da égua.
Desempenho do cultivar de arroz BRS pelota e controle de capim-arroz (Echinochloa spp.) submetidos a quatro épocas de entrada d'água após aplicação de doses reduzidas de herbicidas
Authors: Andres A. , Freitas G.D. , Concenço G. , Melo P.T.B.S. , Ferreira F.A.
Published: January 2008

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de reduzir as doses de herbicidas na lavoura de arroz irrigado, com a supressão das plantas daninhas pela antecipação da entrada da lâmina de água, bem como avaliar o controle de capim-arroz (Echinochloa spp.) em arroz irrigado, o desempenho da cultura e os efeitos dos herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência sobre os atributos fisiológicos da cultura de arroz. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas principais foram as entradas de água (A) aos 5, 10, 15 e 20 dias após aplicação dos herbicidas; as subparcelas, os herbicidas (H) bispyribac-sodium e bispyribac-sodium + clomazone; e as subsubparcelas, as doses de bispyribac-sodium (D) de 32, 40 e 48 g ha-1 isoladas e em mistura com 300 g ha-1 de clomazone. O bispyribac-sodium foi eficiente no controle de capim-arroz, com três folhas, quando a entrada de água ocorreu até cinco dias após a aspersão e/ou até o perfilhamento do arroz irrigado, quando em mistura com clomazone. É possível trabalhar com doses inferiores à recomendada de bispyribac-sodium isoladamente, desde que a submersão seja imediata após a aplicação deste, ou até o perfilhamento quando em mistura com clomazone.
Considerações sobre o ceticismo contemporâneo a partir da ontologia e gnosiologia marxista
Authors: Della Fonte Sandra Soares
Published: January 2008

A fim de contribuir para a análise da nova onda cética que permeia a pesquisa educacional, investigo como Lênin e Lukács refutaram, em termos ontológico e gnosiológico, os ceticismos de sua época. Lênin elucida, no início do século xx, a suposta neutralidade empiriocriticista. Já Lukács analisa, na segunda metade desse mesmo século, o neopositivismo como auge dessa perspectiva. Vivemos uma ambiência ideológica cripto-positivista similar à diagnosticada pelos autores. Enquanto a tradição positivista desterrou nominalmente a ontologia, as correntes atuais a afirmam no intuito de negar a possibilidade de dizer algo sobre o mundo; instauram uma nova forma de exílio da ontologia. Com isso, fortalece-se uma ontologia velada, colada a uma prática imediata, conveniente aos interesses manipulatórios do capital. Para não ratificar essa retração teórica, o campo educacional enfrenta o desafio de combater os atuais ceticismos.
The Matrix: a aventura da formação no mundo tecnologizado
Authors: Silva Flávio Caetano da
Published: January 2008

O artigo se inscreve na intersecção entre a educação e a produção fílmica. O argumento propõe reflexões sobre a educação escolar e as formas de controle exercido no cotidiano de alunos, professores e gestores a partir de instigantes provocações que o filme The Matrix, o primeiro da trilogia, nos oferece. Nosso interesse está nas práticas escolares de institucionalização dos sujeitos, produzindo realidades inevitáveis. Os sujeitos são produzidos através de discursos sofisticados, mediados pelas novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação. Nos propomos a discutir tanto as formas de controle do pensamento e de sua produção, quanto a própria possibilidade de realizar percursos no interior do roteiro de um filme, considerando as tramas de seu enredo. Estabelecemos uma leitura exploratória da construção do herói dostoievskiano para superar uma leitura superficial e fatalista, possível naquele filme.
Radiographic and histological evaluation of bisphosphonate alendronate and metotrexate effects on rat mandibles inoculated with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma
Authors: Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes , Pessoa Cláudia do Ó , Costa-Lotufo Letícia , Moraes Filho Manoel Odorico
Published: January 2008

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of bisphosphosnate alendronate (ALD) and metotrexate (MTX) on an experimental model of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma developed in the oral cavity of rats. METHODS Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cell suspension (0,1 mL) containing 10(6) cell/mL was implanted in the alveoli of the first and second molars. The animals were divided and treated with saline, MTX, ALD, and MTX plus ALD. Later, the animals were sacrificed, the tumors were measured and the mandibles were removed for radiographic and histological analysis. RESULTS: In the control group, the radiographic images demonstrated radioluscency with poorly defined borders, and the microscopic examination revealed tumor infiltration into the peripheral and central regions of the bone. Areas of necrosis were commonly seen. In the treated groups with ALD, associated or not with MTX, the radiographic analysis revealed circumscribed tumor-induced osteolysis and various degrees of radiotransparence; while, histologically, preserved bone trabeculae with osteoid formation was observed among malignant cells. CONCLUSION: The bisphosphonate alendronate exherted an osteoprotective effect and induced bone neoformation on the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma inoculated in rat mandibles. The combination of metotrexate with bisphosphonate alendronate is more successful than treatment with the agents alone in controlling the growth of neoplastic cells and in stimulating reactive new bone. Therefore, this may be an alternative treatment to malignant lesions of maxillaries with osteolysis.
Considerations that may influence the result of trials assessing tensile strength in experimental surgery
Authors: Rossi Lucas Félix , Ramos Renata Ribeiro , Ely Jorge Bins , Kestering Darlan de Medeiros , Soldi Marly da Silveira , Brum Sandro Polidoro Berni , d`Acampora Armando José
Published: January 2008

PURPOSE: To provide information gathered upon the execution of trials assessing tensile strength in experimental surgeries. METHODS: Descriptive study considering details on the execution of trials assessing tensile strength in experimental surgery. RESULTS: The analysis of the rupture force in a mechanical test machine is an adequate technique since it provides precise and quick results. It can, undoubtedly, be developed in this context of the eminently mechanical analysis of trials on experimental surgery. CONCLUSION: The utilization of a mechanical test machine is a useful tool in the assessment of materials' strength, providing accurate results. Nevertheless the trials must be well structured analyzing the multiple variables so as to attain a pattern of constant reproducibility and to provide the necessary reliability.
Uso de milrinona no tratamento da hipertensão pulmonar persistente do recém-nascido
Authors: Eugênio Gisela de Rezende , Georgetti Flávia Carolina D.
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Descrever uma série de casos de recém-nascidos com hipertensão pulmonar persistente grave, que receberam milrinona para promover a vasodilatação pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de prontuários de 28 pacientes com diagnóstico de hipertensão pulmonar persistente do recém-nascido (HPPRN). Após o diagnóstico, todos os pacientes receberam uma dose de ataque de 50mcg/kg de milrinona, seguida por 0,75mcg/kg/min. O índice de oxigenação (IO) foi calculado no início da infusão e 72 horas após o início da medicação. RESULTADOS: Todos os neonatos receberam milrinona e o sildenafil foi associado em 54%. O uso de dopamina assegurou a manutenção da pressão arterial em nível adequado em todos os casos. Sedação contínua, alcalinização e surfactante foram medidas coadjuvantes no tratamento. Durante a internação, sete pacientes (25%) evoluíram a óbito e todos eles apresentaram aumento do IO, com elevação da média de 25 para 38 com a milrinona. Os sobreviventes, com exceção de um neonato, apresentaram redução do IO em uso de milrinona, com queda da média de 19 para 7. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da milrinona parece ser uma alternativa para o tratamento da HPPRN, na ausência do óxido nítrico. A redução do IO com a medicação foi fator determinante da boa evolução dos pacientes. O índice de falha no tratamento com a milrinona nesta casuística foi semelhante ao encontrado na literatura para o uso de óxido nítrico.
Possibilidades criativas de professores em cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu
Authors: Barreto Maribel Oliveira , Martínez Albertina Mitjáns
Published: January 2008

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa que teve como objetivo identificar as possibilidades de professores de cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu em tornar sua prática educativa e orientação acadêmica um processo de ensino-aprendizagem criativo e inovador. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, com análise de estudos de casos. A seleção de instrumentos e técnicas de pesquisa foi embasada em González Rey. Foram realizadas entrevistas, durante um período de cinco meses. Quatro sujeitos participaram desta pesquisa, todos pesquisadores e professores de cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Salvador-Bahia. Os professores reconheceram a importância da criatividade no contexto educacional e confirmaram a possibilidade de implementação de uma prática pedagógica e orientação acadêmica pautadas nos pressupostos da criatividade. Além disso, a pesquisa revelou a intenção dos dirigentes em introduzir inovações nos programas de pós-graduação.
Criança e luto: vivências fantasmáticas diante da morte do genitor
Authors: Franco Maria Helena Pereira , Mazorra Luciana
Published: January 2008

Este estudo clínico qualitativo objetivou investigar fantasias da criança enlutada pela morte de um ou ambos os pais e sua relação com o processo de elaboração do luto. Foram realizados estudos de caso com meninos e meninas, de três a oito anos de idade, enlutados em decorrência da morte de um ou ambos os genitores, indicados para atendimento psicoterápico em uma clínica-escola. Como instrumentos de investigação, foram utilizadas entrevistas com o genitor sobrevivente ou responsável pela criança, uma entrevista familiar, três entrevistas lúdicas e a aplicação do procedimento de desenhos-estórias com a criança. Apreenderam-se fantasias de aniquilamento, culpa, castração, onipotência, rejeição, identificação, retaliação, idealização e desidealização do objeto perdido; agressividade; negação da perda; regressão; reparação; repetição da situação da perda. Foram apontados sentimentos, comportamentos e sintomas por meio dos quais as fantasias foram expressas. A construção das fantasias mostrou-se relacionada ao desenvolvimento psicossexual e cognitivo e ao modo de funcionamento egóico da criança, condições circundantes ao evento da morte e dinâmica familiar. Entre esses fatores, apontaram-se os facilitadores e os dificultadores da elaboração do luto. Percebeu-se que as fantasias refletem o processo do luto e seu conhecimento possibilita a compreensão de seus sentimentos, comportamentos e sintomas e que estão associadas a processos elaborativos do luto.