bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neighbourhood and stand structure affect stemflow generation in a heterogeneous deciduous temperate forest
Authors: Metzger Johanna C. , Schumacher Jens , Lange Markus , Hildebrandt Anke
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Although stemflow oftentimes represents only a small portion of net precipitation in forests, it creates hot spots of water input that can affect subsurface stormflow dynamics. The distribution of stemflow over different trees is assumed to be temporally stable, yet often unknown. Therefore, it is essential to know the systematic factors driving stemflow patterns. Several drivers have been identified in the past, mainly related to tree traits. Less attention has yet been paid to tree neighbourhood interactions impacting stemflow generation and creating stand patches with enhanced or reduced stemflow. We recorded stemflow in 26 precipitation events on 65 trees, growing in 11 subplots (100 m² each), in a temperate mixed beech forest in the Hainich National Park, Germany. We used linear mixed effects models to investigate how traits of individual trees (tree size, tree species, number of neighbouring trees, their basal area, and their relative height) affect stemflow and how stemflow is affected by stand properties (stand, biomass and diversity metrics). As expected, stemflow increased with event and tree size. Stemflow was highly variable at both tree and subplot scale. Especially in large rainfall events (> 10 mm), tree/subplot ranking was almost identical between events, probably due to fully developed flow paths bringing out the full stemflow potential for each tree. Neighbourhood and stand structure were increasingly important with event size (15 % of fixed effects on the tree scale, ca. 65 % on the subplot scale for large events). Subplot scale stemflow was especially enhanced by a higher proportion of woody surface, expressed by a high number of trees, low leaf area and a large maximum tree size. Simpson’s diversity index contributed positively to stemflow yield in large events, probably by allowing more efficient space occupation. Also, our models suggest that neighbourhood impacts individual tree morphology, which may additionally increase stemflow in dense, species diverse neighbourhoods. Unexpectedly, rain shading within the canopy had little impact on stemflow spatial variation. Overall, we find a strong cross-scale temporal stability. Tree size and tree density were the main drivers, independently increasing stemflow, creating forest patches with strongly enhanced or reduced stemflow. Our results show that, besides tree metrics, also forest structure and potentially diversity affect stemflow patterns and associated potentially biogeochemical hotspots.
Evaluation of Global Fire Weather Database re-analysis and
short-term forecast products
Authors: Field Robert D.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Daily Fire Weather Index (FWI) System components calculated from the NASA he Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2) are compared to FWI calculations from a global network of weather stations over 2004-2018, and short-term, experimental (8-day) daily FWI forecasts are evaluated for their skill across the Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World for 2018. FWI components from MERRA2 were, in general, biased low compared to station data, but this reflects a mix of coherent low and high biases of different magnitudes. Biases in different MERRA2 FWI components were related to different biases in weather input variables for different regions, but temperature and relative humidity biases were the most important overall. FWI forecasts had high skill for 1–2 day lead times for most of the world. For longer lead-times, forecast skill decreased most quickly at high latitudes, and was most closely related to decreasing skill of relative humidity forecasts. These results provide a baseline for the evaluation and use of fire weather products calculated from global analysis and forecast fields.
Modelling Global Tropical Cyclone Wind Footprints
Authors: Done James M. , Ge Ming , Holland Greg J. , Dima-West Ioana , Phibbs Samuel , Saville Geoffrey R. , Wang Yuqing
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A novel approach to modelling the surface wind field of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) is presented. The modelling system simulates the evolution of the low-level wind fields of landfalling TCs, accounting for terrain effects. A two-step process models the gradient-level wind field using a parametric wind field model fitted to TC track data, then brings the winds down to the surface using a full numerical boundary layer model. The physical wind response to variable surface drag and terrain height produces substantial local modifications to the smooth wind field provided by the parametric wind profile model. For a set of U.S. historical landfalling TCs the simulated footprints compare favourably with surface station observations. The model is applicable from single event simulation to the generation of global catalogues. One application demonstrated here is the creation of a dataset of 714 global historical TC overland wind footprints. A preliminary analysis of this dataset shows regional variability in the inland wind speed decay rates and evidence of a strong influence of regional orography. This dataset can be used to advance our understanding of overland wind risk in regions of complex terrain and support wind risk assessments in regions of sparse historical data.
Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry: A Social Factor Dimension
Authors: Nair Girish K , Choudhary Nidhi
Published: July 2019

This research focuses on the influence of social factors on the sustainability of hospitality industry in the context of Qatar. The significance of this research lies in its ability to empirically study the impact of social factors on the sustainability of hospitality industry in Qatar. The hypotheses building has been through the process of finding evidence through the theoretical models available in the literature for the linkages between the various social factors and sustainability. While there are several social factors which influence sustainability of any business in general, the ones which are most relevant to the hospitality industry are: Education, Life Expectancy, Income, TV index, Newspaper index, and PC index.  Structural Equation Modeling using Partial Least Square Method was used as the research methodology. This method was specifically chosen for its ability to undertake factor analysis and regression analysis simultaneously and address the issue of multi-collinearity. The sample size of 213 managers was chosen from various hotels.  The results based on the hypothesis testing would lead to the implications and also suggestions for the benefit of the hotel managers, so that sustainability of hospitality industry could be ensured.
Everything Old Is New Again: Does The ".Sucks" GTLD Change The Regulatory Paradigm In North America?
Authors: Lipton Jacqueline D.
Published: July 2019

n/a
Revisión de la identidad femenina en los cuentos de hadas y su reinterpretación en el arte contemporáneo
Authors: Navarro-Goig Gema
Published: July 2019

A lo largo de la historia, los cuentos de hadas clásicos han dado lugar a una serie de mitificados personajes que representan arquetipos de género. Cabría cuestionarse su influencia en el contexto sociocultural contemporáneo, en el sentido de que perpetúan una serie de patrones de conducta obsoletos. Hoy en día, estos modelos referidos a los personajes femeninos han sido estudiados desde una amplia variedad de disciplinas. Este artículo indaga en el concepto de cuento de hadas y en sus orígenes, y muestra algunas de las revisiones, fundamentalmente desde perspectivas feministas, llevadas a cabo durante las últimas décadas en dos espacios de creación: la literatura y las artes plásticas. En estos dos ámbitos se constata el interés y la transformación experimentada por el género desde las últimas décadas del pasado siglo. En algunos casos tienen como punto de partida los cuentos de hadas clásicos, aunque siempre se acaba transformando el sentido original de los mismos en su adaptación para un público adulto.
Adaptación 2.0. Estudios comparados sobre intermedialidad
Authors: Pardo-Fernandez Rodrigo
Published: July 2019

Se presenta una reseña de un libro, resultado de una investigación de más de una década, sobre la intermedialidad, los fenómenos a los que hace referencia pero, de manera destacada, un volumen que presenta una categorización para entender las prácticas artísticas contemporáneas.
El acceso a la función pública docente en la Enseñanza Secundaria: un estudio sobre las estrategias utilizadas por los candidatos/as de la provincia de Gipuzkoa
Authors: Aramendi Jáuregi Pedro , Lukas Mujika Jose Francisco , Lizasoain Hernández Luis
Published: July 2019

El acceso a la función pública docente en el estado español tiene una larga y dilatada tradición. El sistema de oposiciones, como procedimiento de acceso a la profesión docente, se afianza en el siglo pasado. En este estudio se pretende describir y analizar las estrategias que utiliza el profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria de la provincia de Gipuzkoa en las pruebas de acceso a la función pública docente. Se planteó un diseño mixto combinado en dos etapas. En un primer momento, se aplicó un cuestionario cerrado a las personas participantes en tres cursos de formación para afrontar las oposiciones. En un segundo momento, tras las pruebas, se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas a aquellas personas que aprobaron las oposiciones. Los resultados del estudio indican que presentarse a unas oposiciones requiere, además de asumir una considerable carga de trabajo, la concreción de una estrategia de actuación. Los docentes que han superado las oposiciones y han obtenido plaza en un centro educativo, han puesto especial énfasis en la primera prueba (temario y resolución del caso práctico), en el desarrollo y evaluación de competencias, en los criterios de evaluación de las pruebas de años anteriores y, finalmente, han preparado con esmero la segunda prueba (exposición y defensa de una unidad didáctica). En muchos casos, han logrado la asesoría de sus compañeros/as del centro donde trabajan y éstos les han proporcionado materiales de apoyo. Además de la importancia de esta ayuda, es necesario tener en consideración los procesos de inducción del profesorado principiante. La orientación del profesorado novel mejora sensiblemente su capacitación y, como se concluye en este estudio, parece relevante a la hora de afrontar con éxito las pruebas de acceso a la función pública docente.
Beneficios de la distribución de cuestionarios web de valoración docente a través de mensajería SMS en el ámbito universitario: tasas de participación, inversión de tiempo al completar el cuestionario y plazos de recogida de datos
Authors: Matosas-López Luis , García-Sánchez Beatriz
Published: July 2019

El empleo de cuestionarios web en los procesos de valoración docente presenta importantes ventajas, entre las que destacan la reducción de costes de gestión, la flexibilidad para abordar la evaluación en remoto o la sencilla personalización del formulario para adaptarlo a las necesidades de diferentes materias. No obstante, aunque el uso de cuestionarios web presenta beneficios sustanciales, estos no están exentos de inconvenientes.

El presente trabajo analiza los resultados obtenidos con la administración de cuestionarios web a través de dos sistemas diferentes en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. Por un lado, se emplea un sistema de administración de cuestionarios mediante servicios de mensajería SMS y, por otro, se administran los cuestionarios a través del Portal de Servicios del alumno.

La administración de cuestionarios web, a través de servicios de mensajería SMS, permite salvar algunos de los escollos planteados por los sistemas de administración convencionales, posibilitando mejoras en tres planos: a) tasas de participación, b) inversión de tiempo al completar el cuestionario, c) plazos de recogida de datos. El sistema de administración descrito incrementa las tasas de participación; contribuye a recabar valoraciones más ajustadas al desempeño real del docente gracias al aumento de la inversión en tiempo realizada por el alumno; y posibilita una rápida implementación del fin formativo de la evaluación gracias a una notable reducción en los plazos de recogida de datos.

Asimismo, los resultados subrayan la buena predisposición del estudiante universitario a la hora de abordar las valoraciones del profesorado mediante dispositivos móviles o Smartphones.
Using an English Novel to Improve Saudi EFL Reading Skills
Authors: Alshammari Hammad Ali , Ahmed Elsayed Abdalla
Published: July 2019

This mixed-methods study investigated10 Saudi EFL university students’ perceptions of the use of authentic literary materials in an intensive three-week reading intervention involving Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations. Participants were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group. The study collected quantitative data from a pre-test and post-test to measure reading progress and collected qualitative data through semi-structured interviews. The results showed participants held positive attitudes about using interactive instruction with authentic literary texts, such as novels, in the Saudi EFL reading classroom. Despite this positive attitude, participants faced some challenges in their initial exposure to the experiment, mainly due to a lack of vocabulary and being unaccustomed to reading such a long text.
Legitimation in Moroccan Policy Texts
Authors: Elharraki Badia
Published: July 2019

This paper scrutinizes the key discourses present in the policy texts about women subject to violence in Morocco in order to examine the macrostructures that constitute the backbone of these documents. The overall objective is to see whether the discourse prevalent in the policy environment and articulated in a specific document named “Tamkine” opposes or agrees with the human rights discourse. It will be shown that the official government and the human rights one constitute two different poles in their approach to gender violence in Morocco.
Rural Development Theorising: Reinventing a Model of Financing Basic Rural Infrastructure in Nigeria
Authors: Agbor Uno Ijim
Published: July 2019

The burden of rural development has remained recurrent in the development planning of Nigeria from independence to date. Despite these concerns, the condition of the rural areas in terms of development infrastructure remains precarious. The development of rural infrastructure is highly central to the transformation of rural areas of Nigeria yet attention in that direction seems unproductive. Several methods of effecting rural development have been applied in the Nigerian context with little or no major inroad into addressing rural infrastructure and reversing the rural squalor common in the country. This paper argues that the pool method (central determination) of financing basic rural infrastructure is prone to excluding so many communities from accessing basic facilities and falls short of the practice of accountability. On the basis of this, the paper recommends a model of financing basic rural infrastructure known as FINANCIAL EQUITY MODEL. It is the thesis of this paper that further financial administration restructuring at the Local Government system will provide a plausible vent for a quick and even development of rural areas in Nigeria.
Use of root pruning, paclobutrazol, and prohexadione-Ca combination strategies to control growth and improve productivity on pear trees
Authors: Lordan Jaume , Vilardell Pere , Torres Estanis , Alegre Simó , Asín Luis
Published: July 2019

Growth control in pear orchards is essential, not just to reduce competition between vegetative and reproductive sinks, but also to improve return bloom, yield and fruit quality. The goal to optimize growth control, return bloom and yield must be pursued with the integration or combination of several strategies. Aim of this study was to assess the use of root pruning, paclobutrazol, and prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) either alone or in combination, to control growth and improve productivity on pear trees. The experiment was conducted during three years in a 10 year-old pear orchard with ‘Blanquilla’ as the scion cultivar. All of the different strategies that were assessed improved growth control in pear trees, with different grade depending on the strategy. Control trees had about 50% of the shoots shorter than 60 cm, root pruning 63%, ProCa 70%, paclobutrazol and root pruning plus ProCa 83%, and root pruning plus paclobutrazol 86%. In addition, yield, fruit weight and return bloom were more affected by applications of ProCa than paclobutrazol. Use of paclobutrazol either alone or in combination with root pruning seems to be most suitable for situations of high-vigor cultivars. The fact that use of paclobutrazol may be challenged again in the future, leave combinations of root pruning plus ProCa as the best shot for vigorous cultivars. In other situations of medium-low vigor, ProCa alone would be the best strategy.
An Examination of Differences between the Mean Indicator Ratings by Different Stakeholders in Distance Education Programme
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Ernest , Addo Paul Kwadwo , Asamoah-Boateng Charles
Published: July 2019

The continued rapid growth of distance education programmes in higher education has brought concerns regarding how stakeholers perceive quality in distance education. The study examined the differences between the mean indicator ratings by different stakeholders in a distance learning programme. The study adopted a case study research design to collect data from 320 students, 56 facilitators and 24 administrative staff selected randomly from the Institute of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Ghana. The data collected through questionnaires were analysed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software, version 20. Mean indicator rating analysis revealed that students’ highest perception of quality was on support services and the lowest was academic integrity and institutional prestige. Whilst both facilitators and administrators rated support services as the highest, infrastructure scored the lowest. The results of the study therefore, revealed common benchmarks and quality indicator (support services) that all parties deem important in designing, implementing, and evaluating distance education programmes. Respondents noted the lack of appropriate tools and media; unavailability of reliable technology and technological plan; ineffective communication and co-ordination; and, time constraints as some of the quality challenges for distance education at the Institute. The study recommends monitoring and evaluation of service delivery for distance learning programmes to ensure fitness for purpose, value for money and customer satisfaction.
Chemical Composition and Particle Size of Grape Seed Flour and Their Effects on the Characteristics of Cookies
Authors: Maman Razakou , Yu Jianmei
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the effect of particle size and chemical composition of grape seed flour (GSF) on the physical, chemical and sensory quality of cookies. Results indicate that the chemical composition of GSF varied significantly with particle sizes and smaller particle fraction had higher ash, fat, protein and extractible polyphenol contents but lower dietary fiber. Inclusion of 2.5-10% GSF in the cookie formula enhanced darkening, increased thickness and hardness, increased polyphenol and dietary fiber contents in dose-dependent manner, but reduced diameter and consumer acceptability of cookies to various degrees. The impacts of GSF on the cookie quality and sensory properties were strongly associated with the inclusion level and particle size of GSF. Higher GSF (5%) inclusion and smaller GSF particle size (104 µm) resulted in lower consumer acceptability. To minimize the undesirable effect of GSF on cookie quality, up to 5% of GSF with average particle size 209 µm is recommended.
Het werk van Wibo van Rossum – een bloemlezing
Authors: Simon Thomas Marc , Verschoof Rick
Published: July 2019

The work of Wibo van Rossum: An anthology

This article is about the work of Wibo van Rossum who passed away in April 2018. Trained as a legal anthropologist he has conducted empirical research on the administration of justice in the Netherlands for many years. This anthology is about four research reports he produced and many articles he has written in two decades. This article provides an academic as well as a practical review of his work.
Technology acceptance model-based research on differences of enterprise resources planning systems use in India and the European Union
Authors: Sternad Zabukovšek Simona , Shah Bharadwaj Sangeeta , Bobek Samo , Štrukelj Tjaša
Published: July 2019

The adoption of Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems by organizations is crucial in today’s competitive globalized marketplace. The experience with ERP systems in numerous organizations over the last decade indicates that a successful implementation of ERP systems does not necessarily lead to a successful ERP usage. This paper addresses the scientific problem of differences in ERP acceptance and utilization in different cultural environments. The research question was whether and to what extend users’ extensive and explorative use of the ERP system differs in regions with different cultural backgrounds. Namely, organizations benefit from ERP systems only to the extent to which the users accept and utilize them. But the use of ERP systems at an advanced level is closely connected with the employees’ acceptance of these systems. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of ERP systems in their maturity stage of use, when the employees already accepted ERP system, organizations need to understand the factors that impact user satisfaction and thus influence their extended use of the ERP system. Because of the socio-economic importance of India and the European Union (EU), we conducted a comparative research study into the similarities and differences of their use of ERP systems. From a theoretical point of view, the paper extends the original technology acceptance model (TAM), where two additional factors (work compatibility and extended use) were added. Additional external factors which can influence the users’ acceptance of ERP systems have been included into research, too. The main objective of this study is to find the key determinants that have an impact on user satisfaction and on the extended use in different cultural environments (i.e. the EU and India). We analysed and compared the data of 293 ERP users from 44 organizations in the EU and 577 ERP users from 13 organizations in India. Even though the use of ERP systems in India and the EU is at the same advanced level, there are differences which are connected to organizational cultures, presumed resulting from cultural differences of researched regions. Research data show some differences in the impacts on extended TAM model factors and some differences regarding the impacts of external factors researched.
Testing Nonlinear Dynamics in Terms of Trade with Aggregated Data: Implications for Economic Growth Models
Authors: Skare Marinko , Tomić Daniel , Porada - Rochoń Malgorzata
Published: July 2019

For many decades, world trade has grown on average nearly twice as fast as total world output. International trade flows have exploded since the 1980s, however high and middle-income countries continue to make up the main players in international trade. Favorable movements in global export prices lead to similar movements in terms of trade in developed and developing countries, but it still did not stop the latent deterioration of terms of trade of undeveloped countries. Though we can detect general convergence in the dynamics and lower volatility of the terms of trade, this still does not explain us the evolution of the terms of trade. We still have to asses if the movements in this variable were random. This paper examines long time aggregated series data (1960 - 2015) of the terms of trade for the variety of (grouped) countries to find out if there are any signs of nonlinearity in these series. Finding evidence of nonlinearity suggests that economic models that include terms of trade can improve by switching from linear to nonlinear modeling strategy. For this purpose, we use BDS nonparametric test as it is one of the most popular tests for nonlinearity. We can use it as a portmanteau test or miss-specification test when applied to the residuals from a fitting model. Results reject the nonlinearity presumption going in favor of linear behavior of the terms of trade.
HRM-Performance Perspectives: An overview of Theoratical Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Shah Ahmed Ullah , Ishfaq Khan Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The research on human resource management (HRM) and performance claims a significant positive relationship;However, some researchers doubt this relationship. This paper evaluates the literature on HRM-performance relationship and concludes that there exists significant theoratical challenges. The review of available literature pertaining to HRM practices reflects that there is a long list of HRM practices but researchers have no consensus on common practices. The review of high performance work system (HPWS) help us to conclude that inspite of heavy research work on bundling of HPWS; consensus could not be arrived at some common structure. similarly, we provide an overview of existing HRM-performance perspectives and concludes that some perspective provide good theoratical and practical base for HRM-performance linkages. However, there exist deficiency in literature concerning the alternative perspective (Boselie et al.,2005). This paper further reviews the concept of black box and concludes that there exist theoratical gaps and misconceptions in HRM-performance relationship. We also provide an insight of performance and conclude that majority of researchers have focused on share holder appraoch, while stake holder appraoch is largely disregarded. Finally, this paper reviews organization justice( OJ ) as an alternative option and concludes that majority of HRM practices are covered in OJ, and its four existing dimensions. OJ has a great scope to provide vast space to cover HRM practices not only in a greater number but it also gives a sense of ' fairness/ justice' and substantiates the value and importance of HRM practices.
Speichern als Übertragen – Übertragen als Speichern. Zur technischen Frühgeschichte akustischer Delay Lines und ihre Verschränkung zweier Medienfunktionen
Authors: Borbach Christoph
Published: July 2019

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frühgeschichte der Verwendung von akustischen Verzögerungsleitungen zur flüchtigen Speicherung von Signalen. Diese von der Medien- und Technikgeschichte bisher vernachlässigten Artefakte materialisieren ein (zeit-)kritisches Moment in der Frühphase diverser Mediensysteme wie dem analogen Fernsehen, dem Radar oder der Funktelefonie. Diese und weitere fallbeispielhafte Implementierungskontexte von acoustic delay lines werden im Beitrag unter der Prämisse erschlossen, dass sich das Speichern, das von der Medienwissenschaft gemeinhin mit einem Stillstellen von Dingen, Daten und Informationen konnotiert wird, als dynamischer elektro-akustischer Prozess ausgestalten kann, der durch die Laufzeit akustischer Signale realisiert wird, wodurch sich eine Allianz von Akustik und Speichertechnik ergibt.

Der Fokus liegt zunächst auf einer historisch-komparativen Aufarbeitung der Verwendung von akustischen Verzögerungsleitungen und ihrer konstitutiven Beteiligung an medientechnischen Prozessarchitekturen. Wie zu zeigen ist, stellte ihre Verschaltung die je spezifische Lösung eines technisch situierten Problems dar: Sie fungierten als explizite Speicher, dienten der Vermeidung von Feedback und Interferenzen, sie stellten Vergleichbarkeit zwischen zeitversetzten Signalen her und erlaubten nicht zuletzt klang-ästhetische Simulationen. In einem zweiten Schritt wird der Beitrag resümierend ableiten, was für medientheoretische Implikationen akustische Verzögerungsleitungen für eine analytische Schärfung der „Übertragung“ und „Speicherung“ - zwei laut Friedrich Kittler getrennte Medienfunktionen - evozieren.
Frühe Netzdemokratie? Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Nutzer-Partizipation im Arpanet
Authors: Walach Thomas
Published: July 2019

Das Arpanet, ein Netzwerk von Großrechnern einer Handvoll US-amerikani- scher Forschungseinrichtungen war ein wichtiger Vorläufer und Geburtshelfer des Internets. Wesentliche organisatorische und technische Strukturen des In- ternets wurden zuerst im Arpanet erprobt und etabliert. Durch seine dezentrale und konsensuale Organisation war das Arpanet auf die breite Partizipation seiner Nutzer angewiesen. Die Geschichte des Arpanet zeigt aber auch, dass der Wunsch nach radikaler Teilhabe im Netz von Anfang an umstritten war. Eine Analyse von Quellen aus den ersten Jahren des Arpanet macht deutlich, wie weit die gestalterische Freiheit der Nutzer des Netzwerks ging - und wo sie endete.
El conocimiento creador en el pensamiento educativo de María Zambrano
Authors: Pérez Mejuto Elena
Published: July 2019

El hallazgo zambraniano de la razón poética no solo descubre la escisión de la poesía en la razón ni la imposibilidad de un método universal que las articule nuevamente, sino que revela también esa ruptura en el ámbito educativo así como posibles caminos de reencuentro entre ambas. Es necesaria una educación que se haga cargo de la vida, que no la deje al margen, que no la anule frente a lo establecido, las dinámicas del mercado o los poderes imperantes. Una educación que, a través de la metáfora y la poesía –lo literario como mediador del sentir–, conceda voz a esa parte sumergida del ser.
De la utilidad del olvido para la vida
Authors: Gilardi Pilar
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo se propone pensar las consideraciones sobre el olvido que Nietzsche lleva a cabo, principalmente en su Segunda consideración intempestiva, desde una perspectiva ontológica, lo cual implicará llevar a cabo esta tarea tomando como guía la lectura heideggeriana de Nietzsche. Ésta supone, por un lado, reconocer la polisemia del fenómeno del olvido y por el otro, reflexionar en la íntima relación que existe entre conceptos fundamentales de la filosofía nietzscheana tales como: vida, olvido y voluntad de poder. Comprender dichos términos desde una perspectiva ontológica implicará retrotraerlos hasta su estatuto originario
The Recognition of the Other as a Real Freedom in Fichtean Political Thought
Authors: Arrese Igor Héctor Oscar
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to show that the Fichtean theory of recognition of the other carries important consequences that are relevant to the theory of property. Fichte intimately links the ideas of freedom and property as the basic means for subsistence. In order to show this link, the deduction of property is reconstructed from the principle of law. Furthermore, he develops an idea of a social division of labor centrally planned by the state. Finally, the paper includes the relationships established between the Fichtean idea of a right to subsistence, and the debate about formal freedom and real freedom.
Processo de licenciamento ambiental em empreendimentos: condicionantes e compensações
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo , Gomes Júnior Cecílio Sergio Vieira , Cardoso Henrique Ribeiro
Published: July 2019

Durante muitos anos, desde a Revolução Industrial, os benefícios econômicos suplantaram os males causados ao meio ambiente e à sociedade como um todo. O licenciamento ambiental é um dos instrumentos de controle mais importantes, pois é através dele que o Poder Público estabelece condições e limites ao exercício de determinada atividade econômica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo discutir teoricamente os fundamentos do licenciamento ambiental, suas condicionantes, as compensações exigidas, tudo sob a ótica da legislação brasileira. Foi possível fazer um levantamento das principais normas legais em nível federal e estadual.
Presença de Malassezia sp. em cães da Unidade de Controle de Zoonoses de Guaraí (TO) e sua relação com humanos
Authors: Rosa Lauriene Dias , Gomes Fabiana Teodoro , Barros Thainara Anjos , Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos de
Published: July 2019

A Malassezia é uma levedura comensal em animais e humanos, foi encontrada no conduto da orelha externa de cães e gatos, mas também pode ser encontrado na pele de humanos, tanto na microbiota normal quanto na microbiota afetada. A patogenia dessa levedura está relacionada a um desequilíbrio da imunidade do hospedeiro ou associada há uma outra doença. Na década de 80, a infecção por Malassezia ganhou atenção na medicina humana devido a forma recorrente de dermatites seborreicas e pitiríase versicolor em humanos, a multiplicação dessa levedura se deu ao aumento de sebo e cerume, devido ao aumento da temperatura, umidade e fenda na pele. O exame apresentou uma incidência de Malassezia significativa, tanto na positividade, quanto na prevalência. No presente estudo foi evidenciado que 87% das lâminas positivas, 6,8% tiveram uma prevalência alta, seguido de 4,5% de prevalência moderada e de 2,2% de prevalência baixa. Sendo assim as espécies de Malassezia, a M. pachydermatis é a que mais acomete cães e humanos.
Modern Web Event 2017
Authors: Córcoles Briongos César Pablo
Published: July 2019

Modern Web Event es un evento gratuito y sin ánimo de lucro, enfocado a todos aquellos que quieran aprender sobre las nuevas tecnologías web, de la mano de profesionales apasionados por compartir conocimiento en comunidad. La edición de 2017 se celebró el día 6 de junio en Sevilla, y pudimos contar con cuatro fantásticas charlas que os traemos ahora en vídeo.
Videojuegos con Processing
Authors: Puertas Estivill Pedro
Published: July 2019

Artículo que explica los conceptos básicos de la programación de videojuegos implementados con el lenguaje Processing. Se plantea la construcción de dos sencillos juegos, el Buscaminas y Destruir el tanque, con los que el autor explicará los conceptos más relevantes de los algoritmos utilizados.
Cómo la programación genera gramáticas culturales
Authors: Rikić Mónica
Published: July 2019

¿Por qué programamos en inglés? ¿por qué escribimos código de izquierda a derecha y no de derecha a izquierda, o de arriba a abajo, como hacen en culturas no occidentales? En este artículo se reflexiona sobre los lenguajes de programación como generadores de gramáticas culturales: ¿de qué somos o no somos conscientes cuando programamos?
Entrevista a Joan Llobera, investigador en realidad virtual y ciencias cognitivas
Authors: Bourdin Pierre
Published: July 2019

El Dr. Joan Llobera es investigador en realidad virtual y ciencias cognitivas. Actualmente trabaja como investigador en la fundación i2cat, en proyectos de realidad virtual y transmisión de vídeo. También es fundador y CTO de Timepath SL, una spin-off de la UB dedicada a simplificar la creación de personajes autónomos y la creación de historias de RV.
Fotografía virtual: creación y captura de una idea
Authors: Tirado Andrés Eric
Published: July 2019

Planteamiento y desarrollo de un proyecto 3D que se utiliza como hoja de ruta para exponer conceptos respecto a sus diferentes fases creativas. Estas fases van desde el nacimiento de la idea hasta su respectiva materialización visual. Para ello se utiliza 3ds MAX para el modelado, V-Ray para realizar el cálculo de la luz y Photoshop para editar los mapas de bits.
Tilengine: el motor gráfico con efectos raster para videojuegos retro
Authors: Palacios Domènech Marc
Published: July 2019

Presentación de Tilengine, un motor gráfico multiplataforma, de libre distribución, desarrollado para la programación de videojuegos de estilo retro. Basado en los mismos principios de funcionamiento de los chips gráficos 2D, Tilengine es el único motor gráfico que soporta de forma nativa la programación de efectos raster, fundamentales en este tipo de juegos.
Oomycete metabarcoding reveals the presence of Lagenidium spp. in phytotelmata
Authors: Leoro-Garzon Paula , Gonedes Andrew J , Olivera Isabel E , Tartar Aurelien
Published: July 2019

The oomycete genus Lagenidium, which includes the mosquito biocontrol agent L. giganteum, is composed of animal pathogens, yet is phylogenetically closely related to the well characterized plant pathogens Phytophthora and Pythium spp. These phylogenetic affinities were further supported by the identification of canonical oomycete effectors in the L. giganteum transcriptome, and suggested, mirroring the endophytic abilities demonstrated in entomopathogenic fungi, that L. giganteum may have similarly retained capacities to establish interactions with plant tissues. To test this hypothesis, culture-independent, metabarcoding analyses aimed at detecting L. giganteum in bromeliad phytotelmata (a proven mosquito breeding ground) microbiomes were performed. Two independent and complementary microbial detection strategies based on the amplification of cox1 DNA barcodes were used and produced globally concordant outcomes revealing that two distinct Lagenidium phylotypes are present in phytotelmata. A total of 23,869 high quality reads were generated from four phytotelmata, with 52%, and 11.5%, corresponding to oomycetes, and Lagenidium spp., barcodes, respectively. Newly-designed Lagenidium-specific cox1 primers combined with cloning/Sanger sequencing produced only Lagenidium spp. barcodes, with a majority of sequences clustering with L. giganteum. High throughput sequencing based on a Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) approach combined with broad range cox1 oomycete primers confirmed the presence of L. giganteum in phytotelmata, but indicated that a potentially novel Lagenidium phylotype (closely related to L. humanum) may represent one of the most prevalent oomycetes in these environments (along with Pythium spp.). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that all detected Lagenidium phylotype cox1 sequences clustered in a strongly-supported, monophyletic clade that included both L. giganteum and L. humanum. Therefore, Lagenidium spp. are present in phytotelmata microbiomes. This observation provides a basis to investigate potential relationships between Lagenidium spp. and phytotelma-forming plants, especially in the absence of water and/or invertebrate hosts, and reveals phytotelmata as sources for the identification of novel Lagenidium isolates with potential as biocontrol agents against vector mosquitoes.
Molecular weight calculator for organic compounds in biotechnology
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: July 2019

Automated calculation of molecular weight of chemical compounds would provide savings in time and effort, especially in handling large number of compounds common in chemical or biotechnology workflow. In this work, a molecular weight calculator was developed using MATLAB and is capable of handling the chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur that constitute organic compounds common in biotechnology. Such compounds would typically come across as either substrates or products of fermentation, where automated calculation of molecular weight would feed into mass/charge calculations that facilitate workflow involving their mass spectrometric detection. Specifically, chemical formulas of molecular ion are necessary information for identifying particular mass peaks in mass spectrometry, to which automated molecular weight calculation would greatly simplify peak identification. Thus, the molecular weight calculator developed in this work could be used as a subroutine for more complex software that provides identification of mass peaks in mass spectrometry workflow detecting organic compounds in fermentation.
Centralized scientific communities are less likely to generate replicable results
Authors: Danchev Valentin , Rzhetsky Andrey , Evans James A
Published: July 2019

Concerns have been expressed about the robustness of experimental findings in several areas of science, but these matters have not been evaluated at scale. Here we identify a large sample of published drug-gene interaction claims curated in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (for example, benzo(a)pyrene decreases expression of SLC22A3) and evaluate these claims by connecting them with high-throughput experiments from the LINCS L1000 program. Our sample included 60,159 supporting findings and 4253 opposing findings about 51,292 drug-gene interaction claims in 3363 scientific articles. We show that claims reported in a single paper replicate 19.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.9–21.2%) more frequently than expected, while claims reported in multiple papers replicate 45.5% (95% CI, 21.8–74.2%) more frequently than expected. We also analyze the subsample of interactions with two or more published findings (2493 claims; 6272 supporting findings; 339 opposing findings; 1282 research articles), and show that centralized scientific communities, which use similar methods and involve shared authors who contribute to many articles, propagate less replicable claims than decentralized communities, which use more diverse methods and contain more independent teams. Our findings suggest how policies that foster decentralized collaboration will increase the robustness of scientific findings in biomedical research.
The Makorin lep-2 and the lncRNA lep-5 regulate lin-28 to schedule sexual maturation of the C. elegans nervous system
Authors: Lawson Hannah , Vuong Edward , Miller Renee M , Kiontke Karin , Fitch David HA , Portman Douglas S
Published: July 2019

Sexual maturation must occur on a controlled developmental schedule. In mammals, Makorin3 (MKRN3) and the miRNA regulators LIN28A/B are key regulators of this process, but how they act is unclear. In C. elegans, sexual maturation of the nervous system includes the functional remodeling of postmitotic neurons and the onset of adult-specific behaviors. Here, we find that the lin-28–let-7 axis (the ‘heterochronic pathway’) determines the timing of these events. Upstream of lin-28, the Makorin lep-2 and the lncRNA lep-5 regulate maturation cell-autonomously, indicating that distributed clocks, not a central timer, coordinate sexual differentiation of the C. elegans nervous system. Overexpression of human MKRN3 delays aspects of C. elegans sexual maturation, suggesting the conservation of Makorin function. These studies reveal roles for a Makorin and a lncRNA in timing of sexual differentiation; moreover, they demonstrate deep conservation of the lin-28–let-7 system in controlling the functional maturation of the nervous system.
Functional cross-talk between allosteric effects of activating and inhibiting ligands underlies PKM2 regulation
Authors: Macpherson Jamie A , Theisen Alina , Masino Laura , Fets Louise , Driscoll Paul C , Encheva Vesela , Snijders Ambrosius P , Martin Stephen R , Kleinjung Jens , Barran Perdita E , Fraternali Franca , Anastasiou Dimitrios
Published: July 2019

Several enzymes can simultaneously interact with multiple intracellular metabolites, however, how the allosteric effects of distinct ligands are integrated to coordinately control enzymatic activity remains poorly understood. We addressed this question using, as a model system, the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). We show that the PKM2 activator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) alone promotes tetramerisation and increases PKM2 activity, but addition of the inhibitor L-phenylalanine (Phe) prevents maximal activation of FBP-bound PKM2 tetramers. We developed a method, AlloHubMat, that uses eigenvalue decomposition of mutual information derived from molecular dynamics trajectories to identify residues that mediate FBP-induced allostery. Experimental mutagenesis of these residues identified PKM2 variants in which activation by FBP remains intact but cannot be attenuated by Phe. Our findings reveal residues involved in FBP-induced allostery that enable the integration of allosteric input from Phe and provide a paradigm for the coordinate regulation of enzymatic activity by simultaneous allosteric inputs.
Positive and negative incentive contrasts lead to relative value perception in ants
Authors: Wendt Stephanie , Strunk Kim S , Heinze Jürgen , Roider Andreas , Czaczkes Tomer J
Published: July 2019

Humans usually assess things not according to their absolute value, but relative to reference points – a main tenant of Prospect Theory. For example, people rate a new salary relative to previous salaries and salaries of their peers, rather than absolute income. We demonstrate a similar effect in an insect: ants expecting to find low-quality food showed higher acceptance of medium-quality food than ants expecting medium quality, and vice versa for high expectations. Further experiments demonstrate that these contrast effects arise from cognitive rather than mere sensory or pre-cognitive perceptual causes. Social information gained inside the nest can also serve as a reference point: the quality of food received from other ants affected the perceived value of food found later. Value judgement is a key element in decision making, and thus relative value perception strongly influences which option is chosen and ultimately how all animals make decisions.
Proteome-wide signatures of function in highly diverged intrinsically disordered regions
Authors: Zarin Taraneh , Strome Bob , Nguyen Ba Alex N , Alberti Simon , Forman-Kay Julie D , Moses Alan M
Published: July 2019

Intrinsically disordered regions make up a large part of the proteome, but the sequence-to-function relationship in these regions is poorly understood, in part because the primary amino acid sequences of these regions are poorly conserved in alignments. Here we use an evolutionary approach to detect molecular features that are preserved in the amino acid sequences of orthologous intrinsically disordered regions. We find that most disordered regions contain multiple molecular features that are preserved, and we define these as ‘evolutionary signatures’ of disordered regions. We demonstrate that intrinsically disordered regions with similar evolutionary signatures can rescue function in vivo, and that groups of intrinsically disordered regions with similar evolutionary signatures are strongly enriched for functional annotations and phenotypes. We propose that evolutionary signatures can be used to predict function for many disordered regions from their amino acid sequences.
Contractile acto-myosin network on nuclear envelope remnants positions human chromosomes for mitosis
Authors: Booth Alexander JR , Yue Zuojun , Eykelenboom John K , Stiff Tom , Luxton GW Gant , Hochegger Helfrid , Tanaka Tomoyuki U
Published: July 2019

To ensure proper segregation during mitosis, chromosomes must be efficiently captured by spindle microtubules and subsequently aligned on the mitotic spindle. The efficacy of chromosome interaction with the spindle can be influenced by how widely chromosomes are scattered in space. Here, we quantify chromosome-scattering volume (CSV) and find that it is reduced soon after nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) in human cells. The CSV reduction occurs primarily independently of microtubules and is therefore not an outcome of interactions between chromosomes and the spindle. We find that, prior to NEBD, an acto-myosin network is assembled in a LINC complex-dependent manner on the cytoplasmic surface of the nuclear envelope. This acto-myosin network remains on nuclear envelope remnants soon after NEBD, and its myosin-II-mediated contraction reduces CSV and facilitates timely chromosome congression and correct segregation. Thus, we find a novel mechanism that positions chromosomes in early mitosis to ensure efficient and correct chromosome–spindle interactions.