bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Winter is coming: How laypeople think about different kinds of needs
Authors: Bauer Alexander Max , Romann Jan , Siebel Mark , Traub Stefan
Published: November 2023

Needs play a key role in many fields of social sciences and humanities, ranging from normative theories of distributive justice to conceptions of the welfare state. Over time, different conceptions of what counts as a need (i. e., what is considered a normatively relevant need) have been proposed. Many of them include (in one way or the other) needs for survival, decency, belonging, and autonomy. Little work has been done on how these kinds of needs are evaluated in terms of their significance for distributive justice. To begin closing this gap, we investigate the role of the four aforementioned kinds of needs for impartial observers. We do so in two empirical studies. The first study asks participants to evaluate the importance of each of the four kinds of needs separately. We find that different levels of importance are attributed to the kinds of needs, which places them in a hierarchy. The second study asks participants to make distributive decisions. Results further support the hierarchy found in the first study and, additionally, reveal that participants tend to make coherent allocation decisions.
Assessment of oligomerization of bacterial micro-compartment shell components with the tripartite GFP reporter technology
Authors: Barthe Lucie , Soldan Vanessa , Garcia-Alles Luis F.
Published: November 2023

Bacterial micro-compartments (BMC) are complex macromolecular assemblies that participate in varied metabolic processes in about 20% of bacterial species. Most of these organisms carry BMC genetic information organized in operons that often include several paralog genes coding for components of the compartment shell. BMC shell constituents can be classified depending on their oligomerization state as hexamers (BMC-H), pentamers (BMC-P) or trimers (BMC-T). Formation of hetero-oligomers combining different protein homologs is theoretically feasible, something that could ultimately modify BMC shell rigidity or permeability, for instance. Despite that, it remains largely unknown whether hetero-oligomerization is a widespread phenomenon. Here, we demonstrated that the tripartite GFP (tGFP) reporter technology is an appropriate tool that might be exploited for such purposes. Thus, after optimizing parameters such as the size of linkers connecting investigated proteins to GFP10 or GFP11 peptides, the type and strength of promoters, or the impact of placing coding cassettes in the same or different plasmids, homo-oligomerization processes could be successfully monitored for any of the three BMC shell classes. Moreover, the screen perfectly reproduced published data on hetero-association between couples of CcmK homologues from Syn. sp. PCC6803, which were obtained following a different approach. This study paves the way for mid/high throughput screens to characterize the extent of hetero-oligomerization occurrence in BMC-possessing bacteria, and most especially in organisms endowed with several BMC types and carrying numerous shell paralogs. On the other hand, our study also unveiled technology limitations deriving from the low solubility of one of the components of this modified split-GFP approach, the GFP1-9.
Vitamin K2 (MK-7) attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Yulian , Yang Weidong , Liu Lulu , Liu Lihong , Chen Jiepeng , Duan Lili , Li Yuyuan , Li Shuzhuang
Published: November 2023

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease that has received considerable critical attention in the field of intensive care. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of vitamin K2 (VK2) in ALI. Intraperitoneal injection of 7 mg/kg LPS was used to induce ALI in mice, and VK2 injection was intragastrically administered with the dose of 0.2 and 15 mg/kg. We found that VK2 improved the pulmonary pathology, reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and boosted the level of IL-10 of mice with ALI. Moreover, VK2 played a significant part in apoptosis by downregulating and upregulating Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expressions, respectively. As for further mechanism exploration, we found that VK2 inhibited P38 MAPK signaling. Our results also showed that VK2 inhibited ferroptosis, which manifested by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron levels, increasing glutathione (GSH) level, and upregulated and downregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions, respectively. In addition, VK2 also inhibited elastin degradation by reducing levels of uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (uc-MGP) and desmosine (DES). Overall, VK2 robustly alleviated ALI by inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and elastin degradation, making it a potential novel therapeutic candidate for ALI.
Comparative chromosome painting in three Pelecaniformes species (Aves): Exploring the role of macro and microchromosome fusions in karyotypic evolution
Authors: Seligmann Igor Chamon Assumpção , Furo Ivanete de Oliveira , dos Santos Michelly da Silva , Gunski Ricardo José , Garnero Analía del Valle , Silva Fabio Augusto Oliveira , O´Brien Patricia , Ferguson-Smith Malcolm , Kretschmer Rafael , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano C.
Published: November 2023

Pelecaniformes is an order of waterbirds that exhibit diverse and distinct morphologies. Ibis, heron, pelican, hammerkop, and shoebill are included within the order. Despite their fascinating features, the phylogenetic relationships among the families within Pelecaniformes remain uncertain and pose challenges due to their complex evolutionary history. Their karyotypic evolution is another little-known aspect. Therefore, to shed light on the chromosomal rearrangements that have occurred during the evolution of Pelecaniformes, we have used whole macrochromosome probes from Gallus gallus (GGA) to show homologies on three species with different diploid numbers, namely Cochlearius cochlearius (2n = 74), Eudocimus ruber (2n = 66), and Syrigma sibilatrix (2n = 62). A fusion between GGA6 and GGA7 was found in C. cochlearius and S. sibilatrix. In S. sibilatrix the GGA8, GGA9 and GGA10 hybridized to the long arms of biarmed macrochromosomes, indicating fusions with microchromosomes. In E. ruber the GGA7 and GGA8 hybridized to the same chromosome pair. After comparing our painting results with previously published data, we show that distinct chromosomal rearrangements have occurred in different Pelecaniformes lineages. Our study provides new insight into the evolutionary history of Pelecaniformes and the chromosomal changes involving their macrochromosomes and microchromosomes that have taken place in different species within this order.
U-shaped association between serum triglyceride levels and mortality among septic patients: An analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Xiao Min , Deng Hongbin , Mao Wenjian , Liu Yang , Yang Qi , Liu Yuxiu , Fan Jiemei , Li Weiqin , Liu Dadong
Published: November 2023

Background

Sepsis is characterized by upregulated lipolysis in adipose tissue and a high blood triglyceride (TG) level. It is still debated whether serum TG level is related to mortality in septic patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum TG level and mortality in septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Data from adult septic patients (≥18 years) admitted to the ICU for the first time were obtained from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The patients’ serum TG levels that were measured within the first week after ICU admission were extracted for statistical analysis. The endpoints were 28-day, ICU and in-hospital mortality.

Results

A total of 2,782 septic patients were included. Univariate analysis indicated that the relationship between serum TG levels and the risk of mortality was significantly nonlinear. Both the Lowess smoothing technique and restricted cubic spline analyses revealed a U-shaped association between serum TG levels and mortality among septic patients. The lowest mortality rate was associated with a serum TG level of 300–500 mg/dL. Using 300∼500 mg/dL as the reference range, we found that both hypo-TG (<300 mg/dL) and hyper-TG (≥500 mg/dL) were associated with increased mortality. The result was further adjusted by Cox regression with and without the inclusion of some differential covariates.

Conclusions

There was a U-shaped association between serum TG and mortality in septic ICU patients. The optimal concentration of serum TG levels in septic ICU patients is 300–500 mg/dL.
Comparison of national and international sedentary behaviour and physical activity guidelines for older adults: A systematic review and quality appraisal with AGREE II
Authors: Huang Amy , Wang Ellen , Sanger Stephanie , Papaioannou Alexandra , Rodrigues Isabel B.
Published: November 2023

Most older adults 65 years and older accumulate over 8.5 hours/day of sedentary time, which is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndromes and falls. The impact of increased sedentary time in older adults has prompted development of sedentary behaviour guidelines. The purpose of our review was to compare national and international sedentary behaviour and physical activity guidelines for older adults and appraise the quality of guidelines using AGREE II. We conducted our search in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, CINAHL, and relevant grey literature. We included the most recent guidelines for older adults written in English. We identified 18 national and international guidelines; ten of the 18 guidelines included sedentary behaviour recommendations while all 18 included physical activity recommendations for older adults. The ten sedentary behaviour guidelines were developed using cohort studies, knowledge users’ opinions, systematic reviews, or other guidelines while the physical activity guidelines were developed using randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and overview of reviews. The definition of sedentary behaviour and the recommendations were inconsistent between the guidelines and were based on very low to low quality and certainty of evidence. All guidelines provided consistent recommendations for aerobic and resistance training; the recommendations were developed using moderate to high quality and certainty of evidence. Only eight physical activity guidelines provided recommendations for balance training and six on flexibility training; the balance training recommendations were consistent between guidelines and based on moderate quality evidence. Further work is needed to develop evidenced-based sedentary behaviour recommendations and flexibility training recommendations for older adults.
Aquaporin splice variation differentially modulates channel function during marine teleost egg hydration
Authors: Ferré Alba , Chauvigné François , Zapater Cinta , Finn Roderick Nigel , Cerdà Joan
Published: November 2023

Aquaporin-mediated oocyte hydration is a developmentally regulated adaptive mechanism that co-occurs with meiosis resumption in marine teleosts. It provides the early embryos with vital water until osmoregulatory systems develop, and in the majority of marine teleosts causes their eggs to float. Recent studies have shown that the subdomains of two water channels (Aqp1ab1 and Aqp1ab2) encoded in a teleost-specific aquaporin-1 cluster (TSA1C) co-evolved with duplicated Ywhaz-like (14-3-3ζ-like) binding proteins to differentially control their membrane trafficking for maximal egg hydration. Here, we report that in species that encode the full TSA1C, in-frame intronic splice variants of Aqp1ab1 result in truncated proteins that cause dominant-negative inhibition of the canonical channel trafficking to the plasma membrane. The inhibition likely occurs through hetero-oligomerization and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ultimate degradation. Conversely, in species that only encode the Aqp1ab2 channel we found an in-frame intronic splice variant that results in an intact protein with an extended extracellular loop E, and an out-of frame intronic splice variant with exon readthrough that results in a truncated protein. Both isoforms cause dominant-negative enhancement of the degradation pathway. However, the extended and truncated Aqp1ab2-type variants can also partially escape from the ER to reach the oocyte plasma membrane, where they dominantly-negatively inhibit water flux. The ovarian follicular expression ratios of the Aqp1ab2 isoforms in relation to the canonical channel are lowest during oocyte hydration, but subsequently highest when the canonical channel is recycled, thus leaving the eggs endowed with >90% water. These findings suggest that the expression of inhibitory isoforms of Aqp1ab1 and Aqp1ab2 may represent a new regulatory mechanism through which the cell-surface expression and the activity of the canonical channels can be physiologically modulated during oocyte hydration in marine teleosts.
A chemosensory-like histidine kinase is dispensable for chemotaxis in vitro but regulates the virulence of Borrelia burgdorferi through modulating the stability of RpoS
Authors: Sze Ching Wooen , Zhang Kai , Lynch Michael J. , Iyer Radha , Crane Brian R. , Schwartz Ira , Li Chunhao
Published: November 2023

As an enzootic pathogen, the Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi possesses multiple copies of chemotaxis proteins, including two chemotaxis histidine kinases (CHK), CheA1 and CheA2. Our previous study showed that CheA2 is a genuine CHK that is required for chemotaxis; however, the role of CheA1 remains mysterious. This report first compares the structural features that differentiate CheA1 and CheA2 and then provides evidence to show that CheA1 is an atypical CHK that controls the virulence of B. burgdorferi through modulating the stability of RpoS, a key transcriptional regulator of the spirochete. First, microscopic analyses using green-fluorescence-protein (GFP) tags reveal that CheA1 has a unique and dynamic cellular localization. Second, loss-of-function studies indicate that CheA1 is not required for chemotaxis in vitro despite sharing a high sequence and structural similarity to its counterparts from other bacteria. Third, mouse infection studies using needle inoculations show that a deletion mutant of CheA1 (cheA1mut) is able to establish systemic infection in immune-deficient mice but fails to do so in immune-competent mice albeit the mutant can survive at the inoculation site for up to 28 days. Tick and mouse infection studies further demonstrate that CheA1 is dispensable for tick colonization and acquisition but essential for tick transmission. Lastly, mechanistic studies combining immunoblotting, protein turnover, mutagenesis, and RNA-seq analyses reveal that depletion of CheA1 affects RpoS stability, leading to reduced expression of several RpoS-regulated virulence factors (i.e., OspC, BBK32, and DbpA), likely due to dysregulated clpX and lon protease expression. Bulk RNA-seq analysis of infected mouse skin tissues further show that cheA1mut fails to elicit mouse tnf-α, il-10, il-1β, and ccl2 expression, four important cytokines for Lyme disease development and B. burgdorferi transmigration. Collectively, these results reveal a unique role and regulatory mechanism of CheA1 in modulating virulence factor expression and add new insights into understanding the regulatory network of B. burgdorferi.
Megjegyzések a Commentum Cornuti in Persium keletkezéstörténetéhez
Authors: Takács László
Published: November 2023

A Persius szatíráihoz írt magyarázatokat tartalmazó Commentum
Cornutit valamikor a kora középkor folyamán állította össze az ismeretlen
szerkesztő. Tartalmi jegyek alapján nyilvánvaló, hogy a scholion-gyűjtemény
nagyrészt ókori eredetű, mivel azonban ókori Persius-kommentár nem maradt
ránk, bizonytalan, hogy a kompilátor milyen művekre támaszkodott. A
tanulmány néhány scholion részletesebb elemzése révén azt igyekszik
bizonyítani, hogy a középkori összeállító előtt legalább három, egymástól
sem független kommentár szövege feküdhetett, és e három kommentárnak az
egybeolvasztása révén jött létre a számos ismétlést és párhuzamosságot
tartalmazó Commentum Cornuti.
Digital Bodies
Authors: Böhmer Anselm
Published: November 2023

Social and cultural categories have long been seen as combined with the bodily »habitus« and its relevance for societal positions. In these approaches, the performance of the body is considered essential for socializing individuals in modern societies. Therefore, bodily performance as »habitus« is a relevant factor regarding social interactions and the social positioning of individuals and groups. Moreover, culture affects the embodied expression of social positions and concepts - the habitus serves as an indicator of social differences or even as a basis of discrimination. Additionally, digital performance has become a relevant form of interacting with others. Since the pandemic, digital performance has started to affect teaching as a new common form of interaction in higher education and has also become a relevant factor in socializing the participants within their academic fields. In this paper, two dynamics of modern societies are reflected on and considered together: culturalization and digitalization. Both developments lead to the question of what has happened to the two fields mentioned above, i.e., social embodiment by cultural positioning and by (further) digitalizing higher education. This paper thus deals with the following questions: What characterizes embodiment in a digital learning environment? What educational consequences does this have for future education in digital learning environments? To find answers to these questions, this article describes how significatory processes can be conceptualized. In the next step, cultural significations are explained in the field of culturalization and with regard to learning as the embodied production of social meaning. Finally, these findings illustrate how and to what extent culture and digitality are shaping the process from meaning to sense-making in modern societies - and thus in current higher education.
WiderSprechen und Schweigen: Silencing von muslimischen Stimmen
Authors: Kücükgöl Dudu
Published: November 2023

Dudu Kücükgöl schreibt in diesem Beitrag, wie muslimische Stimmen im gesellschaftlichen Diskurs durch subtile und explizite Formen von Gewalt zum Schweigen gebracht werden. Sie zeigt auf, dass das Sprechen und die Subjektwerdung von Rassifizierten in einem System, das auf Ungleichheit und Unterdrückung fußt, als Bedrohung wahrgenommen werden. Dabei steigt das Ausmaß der Gewalt mit der Sicht- und Hörbarkeit der muslimischen Stimmen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass dabei verschiedene, staatliche bzw. staatsnahe Institutionen systematisch miteinander zusammenspielen: In nur wenigen Schritten landen die Personen, die im Visier dieser Institutionen sind von der Denunziation bei der Kriminalisierung und strafrechtlichen Verfolgung. Ein Weckruf für alle widerständigen Stimmen.
Once Upon a Taste in the East
Authors: Grampp Sven
Published: November 2023

There hardly seems to be anything less sensually appealing than space food. Space food is an indexical sign, a trace of the otherness and artificial requirements of life in space. In this 'non-sensual' form, space food is particularly attractive for the sensual representation of space missions in museums or documentaries nowadays as "a window into the 'techno-food' of the future" (Charles Spence). I demonstrate that there is also another history of showing, imag- ining, and representing space food, which today has, to a large extent, vanished from popular cultural memory. During the so-called Space Race between the USA and the USSR from the 1950s to the 1970s, especially in Soviet news reports on space missions, space food was imag- ined as something that dissolved the categorical difference between 'natural,' fresh food and preserved, plastic-wrapped food. Mainly on a visual level, a lot of attention was paid to make food in space sensual appealing surrounded by a home-like atmosphere.
Das Heilige - Versuch einer Definition
Authors: Eke Norbert Otto , Schmidt Jochen
Published: November 2023

Der Beitrag von Norbert Otto Eke und Jochen Schmidt nimmt die dem Band zugrunde gelegte begrifflichen Grundentscheidungen vor. Das Heilige wird grundsätzlich als Ergebnis von Aushandlungen verstanden, das permanentem kulturellem Wandel unterworfen ist. Es soll keine substantialistische Definition zugrunde gelegt werden, die der Auffassung des Heiligen als einem Produkt diskursiver und performativer Aushandlungen, als einem wandelbaren kulturellen Phänomen, in keiner Weise gerecht werden könnte. Zugleich gibt der gewählte Heiligkeitsbegriff eine Möglichkeit an die Hand, der Gefahr zu begegnen, zum Passepartout zu werden, da er als Strukturbegriff angelegt ist: Er bewegt sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen Unverfügbarkeit und Verfügbarkeit.
Von der Kritik an der Säkularisierungsthese zur Rekonfiguration zeitgenössischer Gesellschaftsverständnisse
Authors: Jetzkowitz Jens , Schmidtke Oliver
Published: November 2023

Jens Jetzkowitz und Oliver Schmidtke diskutieren verschiedene Ansätze zu einer Soziologie der Heiligkeit. Bei Caillois, Parsons, Shils, Alexander, Lynch, Mellor/Shilling, Franzmann und Anderen haben sich, so ihre These, Zugänge zu Kontingenzen und Unverfügbarkeiten in zeitgenössischen Gesellschaften gebildet, die bei aller Verschiedenheit eine Grundannahme teilen: dass sich Problemlagen, die früher religiös bearbeitet wurden, mit der Säkularisierung nicht einfach auflösen. Der Beitrag ordnet den Diskurs ausgehend von Webers Theorie der universalhistorischen Rationalisierung und Durkheims Versuch, eine allen Religionen gemeinsame Grundlage zu bestimmen. Darauf aufbauend wird skizziert, wie eine Soziologie der Heiligkeit das Verständnis von Gegenwartsgesellschaften vertiefen kann.
Menschlicher Körper, heiliger Körper
Authors: Musiol Marie-Luise
Published: November 2023

Marie-Luise Musiol widmet sich anhand des spätmittelalterlichen Donaueschinger Passionsspiels der Frage nach Zuschreibungen von Menschlichem und Heiligem, die den Körper Jesu betreffen. Anhand der Kreuzigungsszene wird untersucht, wie unterschiedliche Dimensionen des Körpers Jesu hervorgebracht und gegeneinander abgewogen werden und inwieweit diese Aushandlungsprozesse ein möglicherweise gattungskonstitutives Spannungsverhältnis erzeugen. Es wird damit eine literaturwissenschaftliche Perspektive auf eine vormoderne Konfiguration von Unverfügbarkeit und einer prozessualen Verfügbarmachung entworfen, die sich absetzt von anderen Darstellungsmodi der Heiligkeit Christi. Zudem schlägt der Beitrag eine disziplinäre Brücke zwischen diskursiven und performativen Implikationen vormoderner Passionsdarstellungen und zeigt, dass damit verknüpfte Vorstellungen von Heiligkeit historisch wie kulturell variabel sind.
»Wenn die Heilige Zeit da ist, werde ich […] weggehen«
Authors: Eke Norbert Otto
Published: November 2023

In ihrem Film Madeinusa (Peru/Spanien 2006) entwirft die Regisseurin Claudia Llosa den eigentümlichen mundus inversus einer ,verkehrten' Welt, die ihre Mitte findet in einem christlich-abendländische und indigene Kultformen verschmelzenden Fest der Überschreitung: der Tiempo santo (,Heilige Zeit'). Als kollektive Synthesis ist es einem kulturellen ,misreading' im Horizont inter- und transkultureller Hybridisierungsprozesse geschuldet. Als vitalistische Feier des Lebens schafft das Fest der ,Heiligen Zeit' einen Raum der Lizenzen, die kathartische Entladungen ermöglichen; sie zielt damit auf die in den tieferen Schichten des Unterbewussten abgespeicherte Prähistorie der kulturell überformten Wirklichkeit. Gleichzeitig liegt ihr das Wissen um Verbot und Tabu als a priori zugrunde. Einerseits folgt das Fest als Ek-Stasis in der Abwesenheit des urteilenden Auges (Gottes, des Gesetzes) Strategien einer Profanierung, die das dem "allgemeinen Gebrauch der Menschen" (Agamben) Entzogene, das nicht mehr Regulierbare und Regierbare in eine Sphäre der Verfügbarkeit und des Gebrauchs zurückholt; andererseits ist es als reines Präsens eingebettet gleichsam in eine chronometrische (d.i.: geregelte) Zeit, die sichtbar ausgestellt wird in Gestalt eines leibhaftigen Chronometers und durch die Rückbeziehung auf die durch Gott in Gang gesetzte Zeit der erlösten Welt (Ostern als Finalpunkt des Ausnahmezustands) in paradoxaler Weise re-ontologisiert ist. Der Beitrag analysiert dieses ambigue Modell eines in der Welt-Praxis anwesenden Heiligen und bezieht es zurück auf die Erfahrung von ,Ex-sistenz' (im Wortsinn als das sich Heraustretende) als Riß, Fraktur und Spaltung in den sozial und identitär divergenten Ländern Mittelamerikas mit ihren Ungleichheiten und Ungleichzeitigkeiten zwischen Stadt und Land.
Computergrafik - Zur Geschichte und Produktionsästhetik synthetischer Bilder
Authors: Scheler Carolin
Published: November 2023

Es existieren zahlreiche Verfahren, um digitale Bilder zu erzeugen. Diese Vielfalt erschwert es allerdings, digitale Fotografien, KI- oder CGI-Bilder voneinander zu differenzieren. Carolin Scheler legt am Beispiel der 3D-Computergrafik einen grundlegend neuen Ansatz vor, digitale Bilderzeugnisse ästhetisch zu analysieren. Ausgehend vom Produktionsprozess beschreibt sie die Computergrafik als eigenständiges Ausdrucksverfahren und arbeitet eine den computergenerierten Bildern inhärente ideologische Vorstellung von Realismus heraus. Es wird deutlich: In der computergrafischen Softwareentwicklung ist immer ein bestimmtes Weltgefühl eingeschrieben - mit Auswirkungen auf das Verhältnis von Bild und Wirklichkeit.
Die Verfügbarmachung der Literatur
Authors: Breite Emmanuel
Published: November 2023

Welchen unsichtbaren Zwängen unterliegen wir beim Sprechen über Literatur? Dieser Frage widmet sich Emmanuel Breite anhand der spezifischen Praxis des Literaturunterrichts. Seine These: Das dortige Handlungsfeld ist durch eine neoliberale Ideologie geprägt, die nicht vom Sprechen über Literatur zu trennen ist. Ergebnis davon ist die Hervorbringung einer spezifischen Form des Subjektseins, die mit den Dogmen der neoliberalen Ideologie kompatibel ist. Der Deutschunterricht wird so zum Ort, an dem sich verschiedene Machtverhältnisse kreuzen und sich die neoliberalen Logiken im Verständnis der Schüler*innen verfestigen - eine Kritik, die weit über die kompetenztheoretische Ausrichtung des Unterrichts hinausragt.
Hormone und Psyche - Eine Wissens- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte psychoendokriner Vorstellungen, 1900-1950
Authors: Steinbach Xenia
Published: November 2023

Narrative über den Einfluss der Hormone auf unsere Psyche durchziehen unsere Alltagssprache sowie die Eigenwahrnehmung der meisten Menschen. Sie sind Teil der akademischen und populärwissenschaftlichen Diskurse. Wann und unter welchen Bedingungen entwickelten sich erste psychoendokrine Erklärungsansätze? Xenia Steinbach zeigt wissens- und wissenschaftshistorisch, dass Vorstellungen einer Interdependenz zwischen Hormonen und der menschlichen Psyche die Endokrinologie seit ihren frühesten Stunden in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts beschäftigten - und dabei stets auch Gegenstand von nicht-akademischen Diskursen bis hin zu utopischen Machbarkeitsvisionen waren.
Schulleitung und Digitalisierung
Authors: Krein Ulrike
Published: November 2023

Die zunehmende Digitalisierung verändert Schule - und damit auch den Berufsalltag von Schulleitenden. Doch wie genau sehen die hierdurch entstehenden teils neuen Handlungsbedingungen im Kontext des Digitalen genau aus? Ulrike Krein hat Schulleitende in ihrem Berufsalltag begleitet und mit der Methode des Shadowings beobachtet. Anhand eines multiperspektivischen und kontextsensiblen Vorgehens legt sie so verschiedene Forschungsdesiderate offen und zeigt Anknüpfungspunkte an andere Forschungsdisziplinen auf. Hieraus eröffnen sich auch für die Praxis und das Handeln von Schulleitenden neue Möglichkeitsräume.
Conductas del estilo de vida y su asociación con los síntomas de depresión en personas adultas mayores durante la pandemia por coronavirus
Authors: Domínguez Chávez Claudia Jennifer , Cortes Rodríguez Fabiola , Medina Leal Ana Lourdes , Ruiz Salazar Myrna Luz
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre las conductas del estilo de vida y síntomas de depresión en personas adultas mayores entre septiembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022 en Mexicali, Baja California (México). Materiales y métodos: Diseño de tipo transversal. Participaron 103 personas adultas mayores seleccionadas por un muestreo no probabilístico. Se aplicaron instrumentos para evaluar síntomas de depresión, el estado nutricional, actividad física, consumo de tabaco, consumo de alcohol y la presencia de problemas para dormir. Para el análisis de datos se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se construyó un modelo con las conductas del estilo de vida. La investigación se desarrolló con base en la reglamentación vigente. Resultados: El 34 % presenta riesgo de desnutrición; 92.2 % tiene baja actividad física; 9.7 % consume tabaco; 15 % consume alcohol; 38.8 % reportó presentar problemas para dormir, y 31.1 % presentó síntomas de depresión. Respecto a las conductas del estilo de vida, se encontró que las personas adultas mayores con riesgo de malnutrición o malnutrición tienen 3.182 (p ? .5) más riesgo de desarrollar síntomas de depresión en comparación con quienes tienen un estado de peso adecuado. Conclusiones: El riesgo de malnutrición o malnutrición, así como el resto de conductas del estilo de vida, son factores modificables que pueden ser intervenidos por los profesionales de la salud a través de intervenciones multicomponentes, en las que se sumen esfuerzos para establecer programas de atención que apoyen a mejorar la salud física y mental de las personas adultas mayores.
Rehabilitación pulmonar en adultos mayores con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Authors: Umbacía Salas Flor Angela , Silva Rodríguez Laura Jimena , Díaz Vidal Diana Milena , Camargo Puerto Camilo Alberto , Rojas Laverde María del Pilar
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: determinar la eficacia de una intervención en rehabilitación pulmonar en adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental clínico aleatorizado, contó con una participación de treinta y dos pacientes, distribuidos en un grupo intervención y control; se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de EPOC confirmado a través de la prueba de espirometría forzada y se administró el cuestionario de aptitud para la actividad física (PAR-Q) siguiendo las recomendaciones internacionales. Resultados: El grupo intervención y control contó cada uno con la participación de 11 mujeres y 5 hombres, esto corresponde al 68 % [IC95% 51 -84] y el 32 % [IC95 % 15 -48], respectivamente, en su totalidad con una edad mínima de 60 años y máxima de 84 años; en los dos grupos intervenidos se emplearon pruebas de evaluación inicial; en la postintervención se evidencia cambios significativos en variables como la fuerza muscular respiratoria, metros recorridos y consumo de oxígeno indirecto, que muestra un valor de la P <0,05 estadísticamente significativa en cada uno de los grupos; sin embargo, la comparación entre grupos no muestra diferencias significativas. Lo anterior sugiere que cualquier intervención puede tener efectos similares en este tipo de pacientes. Conclusión: La rehabilitación pulmonar sigue generando efectos positivos, sin embargo, el estudio nos permitió identificar que la frecuencia con la que se realiza la intervención es fundamental en el tratamiento y su elección debe adaptarse de acuerdo a los objetivos que se desean alcanzar con el paciente.
Thermodynamic Model of a Very High Efficiency Power Plant based on a Biomass Gasifier, SOFCs, and a Gas Turbine
Authors: Aravind P V , Schilt C , Türker B , Woudstra T
Published: November 2023

Thermodynamic calculations with a power plant based on a biomass gasifier, SOFCs and a gas turbine are presented. The SOFC anode off-gas which mainly consists of steam and carbon dioxides used as a gasifying agent leading to an allothermal gasification process for which heat is required. Implementation of heat pipes between the SOFC and the gasifier using two SOFC stacks and intercooling the fuel and the cathode streams in between them has shown to be a solution on one hand to drive the allothermal gasification process and on the other hand to cool down the SOFC. It is seen that this helps to reduce the exergy losses in the system significantly. With such a system, electrical efficiency around 73% is shown as achievable.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN KONSEP PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN MUTLAK (STRICT LIABILITY) DALAM KASUS KORUPSI
Authors: Suud Aghia Khumaesi
Published: November 2023

Konsep strict liability dalam kasus korupsi telah digunakan oleh banyak negara di dunia. Sebab, pendekatan tanpa memperhatikan lebih jauh kesalahan bagaimana sikap batinnya (mens rea) dianggap dapat menyelesaikan berbagai kasus, khususnya kasus korupsi di korporasi. Bisakah konsep ini diterapkan pada sejumlah kasus korupsi di Indonesia? Dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan data sekunder, konsep strict liability tidak dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan kasus korupsi di Indonesia, meskipun telah diadaptasi dalam beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan, termasuk peraturan lingkungan hidup. Untuk itu, perlu perubahan undang-undang korupsi karena pembuktian pada setiap kasus korupsi korporasi diperlukan adanya mens rea agar dapat menggunakan konsep strict liability.
Reference intervals of 24 trace elements in blood, plasma and erythrocytes for the Slovenian adult population
Authors: France Štiglic Alenka , Falnoga Ingrid , Briški Alenka Sešek , Žavbi Marko , Osredkar Joško , Skitek Milan , Marc Janja
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to establish the population- and laboratory-specific reference intervals (RIs) for the Slovenian adult population for 24 trace elements (TEs) in blood, plasma and erythrocytes and to evaluate the impact of gender, age, seafood consumption, smoking habits and amalgam fillings on TEs levels.

Methods

TEs (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo, Li, Be, V, Cr, Ni, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sn, Cs, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb and U) were determined in 192 a priori selected blood donors (107 women and 85 men, aged 18–65 years), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with the Octopole Reaction System. Participants filled out a questionnaire, and RIs were established according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for TEs.

Results

Uniform RIs for non-essential and gender-specific for essential TEs in blood, plasma and erythrocytes were established. In our population, higher blood and plasma Cu, and erythrocyte Mn levels in women were found. In men, blood Zn, plasma Zn, Mn and Se, and erythrocyte Cu levels were higher. Zn levels were higher in 30–39 years age group. Pb and Sr increased with age. Smoking positively affected Cd, Pb, Cs and Rb; seafood consumption increased As, Hg and Zn; and amalgam increased Hg, Ag and Cu levels.

Conclusions

Essential TEs were inside recommended levels, and the non-essential ones were far below critical levels. Established RIs will provide an important foundation for clinical diagnostics, safety erythrocyte transfusions assessment, toxicology and epidemiological studies.
The feasibility and properties of wood used as filler in artificial turf to reduce environment pollution
Authors: Wang Luyang , Shi Ke , He Chunxia
Published: November 2023

To develop an eco-friendly artificial turf filling for replacing rubber elastomer particles, seven kinds of natural materials (cork, soft oak, champagne bark, oak bark, pine bark, willow bark, and vermiculite) were selected and processed into particles with a dimension of 1–2 mm. The water absorption performance, mold resistance, resilience, compression characteristics, and the repose angle were tested, and the surface microscopic morphology of granular materials was observed. The experimental results showed that the champagne bark had the largest plastic deformation range under pressure load, which was 0.21–7.82 KN. And the champagne bark particles had the best resilience, which was respectively 8.9 % and 7.1 % before and after compression, and its angle of repose was 36.8°, which was 9 % higher than that of the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) particle. Additionally, champagne bark had better mold resistance compared with the other six natural materials, and its mold only occurred in the mold inoculation center. In conclusion, champagne bark could be considered as an artificial turf filling granule to replace TPE rubber.
Performance analysis of the RoFSO system over a log-normal turbulent link
Authors: Mohammed Tahani J. , Ali Mazin Ali A.
Published: November 2023

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the design and performance evaluation of a radio over free space transmission link using Optisystem v.20 software. The research focuses on the integration of four transmission channels through the use of a multiplexer to achieve a transfer rate of 40 Gbps over a distance of 2 km, with each channel carrying 10 Gbps of data. This is achieved by modulating data on 20 GHz radio frequency signals, which are subsequently transmitted via laser waves at different frequencies. The performance of the proposed communication is assessed by evaluating its behavior in the presence of different levels of atmospheric turbulence, classified as light, medium, and strong. This analysis involves calculating based on metrics such as the Q-factor, bit error rate (BER), and log values (BER). The results showed that the Q factor decreased by (4.7) under the influence of a strong disturbance, while in contrast, it decreased by (0.2) under the influence of a weak disturbance. The results also indicated a minimum log BER (at −7.96) for the wavelength (193.3 THz) at 1.5 km. Besides, the best frequency for data transfer was (193.1 THz), followed by (193.4 THz).
Predictive maintenance feasibility assessment based on nonreturn valve wear of injection molding machines
Authors: Tsou Hao-Hsuan , Lin Jie-An , Huang Chung-Ching
Published: November 2023

Predictive maintenance techniques are increasingly important in Industry 4.0; they can be applied to nonreturn valves to mitigate waste from improper replacement. To improve such predictive maintenance, this study used four nonreturn valves with different outer diameters to investigate the effects of wear on process variables and product quality under different process parameters. The results indicated that melt temperature (process parameter) had the most substantial influence on the amount of melt backflow. The process variables are the screw position at the end of the packing stage, the slope of the screw position during the packing stage, and peak pressure. The study investigated the influence of nonreturn valve wear on the entire molding process over different periods. The findings can be extended to prediction models for developing process windows and realizing the predictive maintenance of nonreturn valves in injection molding machines.
The syntax of two existential unaccusative verbs in Polish
Authors: Bondaruk Anna
Published: November 2023

The paper examines the syntax of two unaccusative verbs in Polish – ubyć.
perf/ubywać.imperf ‘to disappear, to decrease’ and przybyć.
perf/przybywać.imperf ‘to arrive, to increase’ – with a view to shedding light on the structure of existential unaccusatives. The two above-mentioned verbs appear in two distinct paradigms – the disappearance/motion verb and the existential one – both of which are taken to represent subtypes of existential structure. Existential verbs are treated here as monadic predicates with a single small clause complement, whose internal structure may vary, depending on the predicate. The two existential unaccusatives analysed in the paper may select two different types of small clause complement, which are different from the small clause selected by the existential być ‘to be’. Thus, Polish seems to make use of three different small clause structures in existential clauses. The paper also provides evidence that in Polish, like in English, existential unaccusatives are structurally distinct from change of state unaccusatives, and thus in the two languages there is more than one way to be structurally unaccusative. The account bears on the analysis of the genitive of negation in Polish, especially the issue of its inapplicability to existential unaccusatives versus its presence with the existential być ‘to be’.
ÖGD-FORTE: Evidenz für die Praxis
Authors: Bozorgmehr Kayvan , Duwendag Stella , Schmidt Kerstin , Joggerst Brigitte , Cremer Dirk , Hövener Claudia , Kajikhina Katja , Stengele Uwe , Hudák Michal , Drecktrah Marie , Zimmermann Thomas , Mohsenpour Amir , Pruskil Susanne
Published: November 2023

Komplexe Gesundheitsherausforderungen erfordern agile Netzwerke. Das Konsortium ÖGD-FORTE zielt auf den Aufbau und die Etablierung neuer Strukturen und Prozesse zwischen Public-Health-Forschung und ÖGD-Praxis ab, um die nachhaltige Anwendung relevanter Forschungsmethoden zur Bearbeitung von Forschungsfragen zu ermöglichen und den Wissenstransfer zu befördern. Durch innovative und partizipative Prozesse entsteht ein überregionales Forschungsnetzwerk aus ÖGD-Partnern verschiedener föderaler Ebenen, was zu positiven Synergieeffekten führt, deren Nachhaltigkeit und Weiterentwicklung jedoch von strukturellen Verstetigungsoptionen abhängt.
Die Rolle des ÖGD in der Prävention
Authors: Szagun Bertram , Arnold Laura
Published: November 2023

Im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde der ÖGD zwar personell, kommunikativ und wissenschaftlich gestärkt, der ebenso dringliche Ausbau etablierter Governance-Strukturen blieb jedoch weitestgehend aus. Zur Stärkung seines präventiv ausgerichteten ressortübergreifenden Aufgaben- und Kompetenzprofils müssen die jahrzehntelang defizitäre Ressourcenausstattung überwunden und die Übernahme koordinierender Funktionen gesetzlich verankert werden.
Sozialmedizinische Gutachten durch den ÖGD: Noch immer aktuell?
Authors: Lange Rudolf
Published: November 2023

Die Begutachtung sozialmedizinischer Fragestellungen gehört zu den Kernaufgaben des kommunalen Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes. Die Vielfalt der möglichen Themen stellt dabei für die Gesundheitsämter eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Daher kann es unter Berücksichtigung der nur teilweise gebotenen Patientennähe sinnvoll sein, manche Begutachtungsaufgaben zu zentralisieren, um die Kompetenzen und Erfahrungen der sozialmedizinisch qualifizierten Ärztinnen und Ärzte zu bündeln.
Evaluation, Evidenz und Intervention im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst
Authors: Kietzmann Anke
Published: November 2023

ÖGD-Interventionen sind einerseits an administrative Vorlagen gebunden, andererseits basieren sie auf lokalem Wissen von Experten, die mit der Zielgruppe des spezifischen Settings im intensiven Kontakt stehen. Die Evidenz der Interventionen wird durch Wirkungsnachweise im Sinne einer praxisbezogenen Evidenz generiert. Diese lokale Evidenz ist nicht generalisierbar. Unter Beachtung lokaler Unterschiede können die Ergebnisse jedoch in einen anderen lokalen Kontext übertragen werden.
Trainingsprogramme in angewandter Epidemiologie für den öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst in Deutschland – Bestandsaufnahme und Ausblick
Authors: Kuehne Anna , Gillesberg Raiser Sofie , Dörre Achim , Mertens Elke , Charles Tanja , Siffczyk Claudia , Aktuna Gamze , Zunk Juliette , Alpers Katharina
Published: November 2023

Für die Überwachung von Infektionskrankheiten, Eindämmung von Ausbrüchen und angewandte Forschung in der Infektionsepidemiologie ist eine spezielle Expertise erforderlich. Die Postgraduiertenausbildung für angewandte Epidemiologie (PAE) bildet als das deutsches Feldepidemiologie-Trainingsprogramm (FETP) seit 1996 hierfür Fachleute aus. Durch die Ausweitung der Ausbildung von der Bundesebene auf die Landesebene und kommunale Ebene und durch die Entwicklung kürzerer und skalierbarer Ausbildungsformate wird das öffentliche Gesundheitssystem weiter gestärkt.
Commitment Issues: Does the Fed Have an Inflation Incentive to Commit?
Authors: Scott C. Patrick
Published: November 2023

Long-run results indicate that for price and wage inflation there is little disincentive for discretionary policy when monetary policy is at or near the zero-lower bound. Optimal commitment and discretionary policy are examined in a popular DSGE framework. The monetary authority targets a convex combination of price and wage inflationary gaps around time-varying inflation targets. A joint hypothesis test is derived to determine if the central bank faces an inflationary disincentive for activist policy. Considering price and wage inflation separately, there are significant short-run disincentives to discretionary policy. Discretion and commitment policies are not different for price and wage inflation when nominal interest rates are persistently low.
Modelling Factors Affecting Internally Generated Funds of the Tamale Metropolitan Assembly of Ghana Using Multivariate Analysis Techniques
Authors: Takora Saaka , Akurugu Edward , Katara Salifu , Engmann Gideon Mensah , Asucam Joseph
Published: November 2023

The study was carried out to model factors that affect the Internally Generated Funds of the Tamale Metropolitan Assembly using Factor and Confirmatory Factor analysis. The study involved 403 categories of respondents using probability and non-probability sampling techniques. The results from the Factor analysis confirmed a four-factor structure model to accurately represent the observed data without substantial loss of information. The Factor analysis revealed that the four factors affecting Internally Generated Funds in the metropolis are a proper database on revenue mobilisation, effectiveness and efficiency of revenue collectors, revenue monitoring and utilisation, and specific tools deployed for revenue mobilisation. Further examination of the Factor analysis using Confirmatory Factor analysis revealed that some modifications to the four-factor structure model in terms of correlating the measurement errors provide a good fit to the observed data as compared to a four-factor structure model with uncorrelated measurement errors. Findings from the Sattora-Bentler parameter estimates conclude that all paths of the selected model were significant, thus confirming a relationship between all latent variables and each measured variable of Internally Generated Funds. The findings from the study suggest further research on the use of the Structural Equation Model in an analogous area to be instituted to measure and analyse relationships between measured and latent variables.
Effect of multi-hole arrangement on the effusion cooling with backward injection
Authors: Prakash Ved , Chandel Sunil , Thakur Dineshsingh G. , Mishra Mukesh P. , Mishra R. K.
Published: November 2023

In the present work, a three-dimensional numerical analysis of multi-hole film cooling on an adiabatic flat plate with combined backward and forward injection holes is carried out at varying velocity ratios from 0.5 to 2.5. The effect of three different multi-hole arrangements, square-diamond, long-diamond, and super-long-diamond with constant perforated percentage (3.27%), on film cooling performance is studied. Combining backward and forward injection holes help in achieving higher velocity boundary layer thickness in the multi-hole arrangement. It is observed that super-long-diamond arrangement provides the highest film cooling effectiveness than square-diamond and long-diamond arrangements and favours early development of coolant film layer.