bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of cerimetric method for phenolic hydroxyl determination in analytical practice
Authors: Karandi I. V. , Buyanovskaya A. G.
Published: May 2020

The possibility of using cerium (IV) sulfate as an oxidizing reagent in analysis of various organic compounds is considered and exemplified specifically in determination of phenolic hydroxyl group. Cerium sulfate quantitatively reacts with a phenolic hydroxyl group to form quinoid compounds. Techniques for determination of phenols of different structures (including perchlorinated and perfluorinated phenols) using potentiometric titration with a solution of cerium sulfate in a sulfuric acid medium with a redoxometric indicator electrode are proposed. The presence of the substituents with reducing properties in the aromatic ring interferes with the determination. Cerimetric potentiometric titration was also used to study the structure of polymers based on methylol derivatives of phenolphthalein which are crosslinking agents and serve to obtain thermostatic structural materials with high strength properties. It is shown that the methylol hydroxyl group, which is also quantitatively oxidized by cerium sulfate, can be determined simultaneously with a phenolic hydroxyl group. The results obtained by the proposed method of cerimetric titration and well-known method of acetylation appeared identical. The determined number of hydroxyl groups in the analyzed samples is indicative of the polymer structure. Proceeding from the technique of cerimetric titration we propose a method for determination of free xylenols in fire-resistant turbine oil. The developed technique is more rapid and less labor-consuming compared to generally accepted technique TU 3470.11335–07 based on the bromination of xylenols with a bromide-bromate mixture.
The effect of electrodynamic parameters of a composite material on the characteristics of the wave reflected from a dielectric layer
Authors: Krylov V. P.
Published: May 2020

Variable electrodynamic parameters of composite materials are determined using the methods providing simultaneous measuring of the free- space permittivity and magnetic permeability within a broad band. Thus, the problems regarding reflection of an electromagnetic wave from the boundary of a dielectric layer and modeling of the phase shift of the wave reflected from a dielectric plate become rather relevant. We report the results of studying the effect of the electrodynamic parameters of composite materials on the characteristics of the wave reflected from a dielectric plate. Analytical expressions are derived for the phase of the reflected wave when an incident plane wave is oriented at an angle to the composite plate with variable electrodynamic parameters. The matrix method is used to obtain the equations for calculating the phase shift of the reflected wave. It is shown that for incident waves with a vector of electric field lying in the plane of incidence (TM waves) and normal to it (TE waves), a jump in the phase shift by π is observed for the electric thickness of the plate multiple of the half-wavelength. A similar phase jump is observed in the case of an incident TM wave near the Brewster angle. An analysis of the frequency dependences of the phase shift, including the phase shift and amplitude drop at a corresponding frequency, as well as data on the effect of losses in the plate material on the phase shift of the reflected wave are presented. The results of studying the angular dependence of the phase shift of the reflected wave in the region of the Brewster angle can be used in solving applied problems of electrodynamics (e.g., when developing a broadband broad-band direction finding device).
Regularities and properties of instrumented indentation diagrams obtained by ball-shaped indenter
Authors: Matyunin V. M. , Marchenkov A. Yu. , Abusaif N. , Volkov P. V. , Zhgut D. A.
Published: May 2020

The history of appearance and the current state of instrumented indentation are briefly described. It is noted that the materials instrumented indentation methods using a pyramid and ball indenters are actively developing and are currently regulated by several Russian and international standards. These standards provide formulas for calculating the Young’s modulus and hardness at maximum indentation load. Instrumented indentation diagrams «load F – displacement α» of a ball indenter for metallic materials were investigated. The special points on the instrumented indentation diagrams «F – α» loading curves in the area of elastic into elastoplastic deformation transition, and in the area of stable elastoplastic deformation are revealed. A loading curve area with the load above which the dF/dα begins to decrease is analyzed. A technique is proposed for converting «F – α» diagrams to «unrestored Brinell hardness HBt – relative unrestored indent depth t/R» diagrams. The elastic and elastoplastic areas of «HBt – t/R» diagrams are described by equations obtained analytically and experimentally. The materials strain hardening parameters during ball indentation in the area of elastoplastic and plastic deformation are proposed. The similarity of «HBt – t/R» indentation diagram with the «stress σ – strain δ» tensile diagrams containing common zones and points is shown. Methods have been developed for determining hardness at the elastic limit, hardness at the yield strength, and hardness at the ultimate strength by instrumented indentation with the equations for their calculation. Experiments on structural materials with different mechanical properties were carried out by instrumented indentation. The values of hardness at the elastic limit, hardness at the yield strength and hardness at the ultimate strength are determined. It is concluded that the correlations between the elastic limit and hardness at the elastic limit, yield strength and hardness at the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness at the ultimate strength is more justified, since the listed mechanical characteristics are determined by the common special points of indentation diagrams and tensile tests diagrams.
Computational and experimental study of the stress state of the connecting rod of the opposed compressor to assess the probability of failure-free operation
Authors: Petrova I. M. , Filimonov M. A.
Published: May 2020

Fatigue cracks in the piston heads of the connecting rods of opposed compressors can occasionally develop in service. A study of the loading of the connecting rods of the compressors operating in chemical production was carried out to assess the probability of their failure-free operation. Since the experimental study of stresses acting in large structural elements is rather difficult, the study of the stress state was carried out using computational methods with subsequent comparison of the results with the experimental data. When loading the connecting rod, there is an area affected by the distributed load and another area with a gap between the cylindrical surfaces where the contact pressure is absent. The forces acting on the boundary of the contact areas and the gap of the finger with the connecting rod bore are determined: the radial force N, tangential force Q and bending moment M. N and Q are considered functions of the contact angle α. Using numerical experiments, we determined the stresses in the zone from the angle α corresponding to the end of the contact zone to the angle of transition of the head in the shank of connecting rod in conditions of varied operational loads and gaps in the connecting rod — finger coupling. The values and character of changes in the loads affecting the crank mechanism of the compressor during operation are determined experimentally. The distribution of stresses in the sections of the connecting rod and the most loaded cross-sections are specified. the results of the numerical experiment are compared with the experimental data. Comparison of the results of numerical and field experiments has shown that the numerical experiment provides the similar assessment of the stress distribution, moreover, the numerical experiment allows us to estimate the simultaneous effect of both loads and gaps on the stress growth which is almost impossible to be determined by experimental studies.
Mix Farming Based on Sago Palm in Meranti Island District, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: HASJİM BİNTORO Mochamad , PRATAMA Agief Julio , NURULHAQ Muhammad Iqbal , AHMAD Fendri , SAPUTRA Henry Kasman Hadi , BİNTORO Iman Anugerah , AYULİA Liska
Published: May 2020

Sago can be used as raw material for sugar and bioenergy on a national scale because Indonesia has huge sago area especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. Sago can grow well in peat soil. The aim of this research is to develop peat soil optimally at Tanjung Peranap Village, Meranti Island District, Riau Province. The research involved land owner in the region burned down in 2016, extension service and local government. Research form activities indicates that the local people income increase because they harvested cayenne chili, big red chili, sweet corn, baby corn, corn kernel, green kale and watermelon. Their income was Rp 7200000, Rp 2625000, Rp 2774400, Rp 4368000, Rp 2995230, Rp 5400000 and Rp 4900000 respectively. Various income from mixed cropping can change the farmer mind. They realize that mixed cropping can be reliable as an income source and change their activity from destroyed the forest and mangrove to cultivated mixed cropping. It can minimalize the environmental damage.
Domestic Consumption Pattern of Cereal Commodities in Nigeria
Authors: SADIQ Sanusi , SİNGH I. P. , AHMAD Muhammad Makarfi
Published: May 2020

The present research empirically study the demand pattern of cereal commodities for domestic use in Nigeria using time series data which spanned from 1966 to 2018. The data covered the domestic quantities and price series of the five most important domestically used cereal commodities. The sources of the data were FAO and USDA databases and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear approximate almost ideal demand system (LA/AIDS). The empirical evidence showed that all the considered goods were normal goods and mostly a necessity except for wheat which is a luxury. In addition, domestic consumption of these commodities was sensitive to changes in their respective prices. With wheat been a luxury commodity, it can be inferred that an increase in per capita income would tend to bring about a paradigm shift from the consumption of staple foods to non-staple food (wheat). This indicates that households tend to diversify their diet composition. Also, it was observed that most of the good pairs are complementary (uncompensated cross-price elasticity) while on the other hand (compensated cross-price elasticity), most of the good pairs are substitutes. The empirical evidence showed the income effect which owes to price changes for all the selected commodities to be moderate. Therefore, onus lies on the policymakers to embark on mass production of wheat in order to free the country from wheat food insecurity bondage caused by external influence, an impediment to the barometer that strikes a balance between the forces of demand and supply.
The Silicon Effects on Antioxidant System of Wheat Cultivars under Pb Stress
Authors: ABEDİNİ Masoumeh , HOSSEİNİ Sakineh , HABİBİ Gader
Published: May 2020

Pb poses a major threat to plant growth and silicon can reduce its toxicity. This work was conducted hydroponically as a completely randomized factorial design to study the effect of Si (70 and 140 ppm) on Triticum aestivum cultivars Chamran and Shiroudi under Pb stress (150 ppm). Pb caused significant increases in the H2O2, free amino acids and proline contents of wheat cultivars and MDA content of cv. Chamran. Furthermore, Pb stimulated the activities of SOD and APX in cv. Chamran and POD in cv. Shiroudi. Si application significantly increased the free amino acid content of cultivars and proline content of cv. Chamran in absence of Pb. The protein content of wheat cultivars significantly increased at 70 ppm of Si in absence of Pb and at both levels in presence of Pb. In cv. Chamran, Si application significantly decreased the H2O2 content and the activities of SOD, POD and APX at both levels, free amino acids and proline contents at 70 ppm and MDA content at 140 ppm in presence of Pb. In cv. Shiroudi, Si application significantly decreased the proline content at both levels, H2O2 and free amino acids contents at 70 ppm and MDA content at 140 ppm.
Sıvı Sintilasyon Spektrometrik Yöntemle İçme Sularında Trityum Anali-zi ve Belirsizlik Bütçesinin Hazırlanması
Authors: ASLAN Nazife
Published: May 2020

Hızla gelişen ve büyüyen ekonomik rekabet ortamında bir ürünün veya sunulan bir hizmetin kalitesinin güvenli ölçümlere bağlı olduğu gerçeği kaçınılmazdır. Çünkü alınan birçok önemli karar kimyasal analizin sonuçlarına dayanmaktadır ve bu sonuçlar, malzemelerin yasal sınırlara uygunluğunu kontrol etmek veya parasal değeri tahmin etmek gibi çeşitli amaçlar için kullanılır. Bu nedenle kararlar analitik sonuçlara dayandığında, rapor edilen bir ölçüm sonucunun belirsizlik değeri ile birlikte verilmesinin önemi daha da artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sıvı sintilasyon spektrometrik yöntemle içme sularında trityum radyoizotopunun analizinden kısaca bahsedilmiş ve analiz sonuçları üzerine etkisi olan belirsizlik bileşenleri ve her bir parametrenin toplam belirsizliğe katkıları da ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Cihazın sayım verimini, sayım süresini, numune hacmini ve uygulanan yöntemin geri kazanma faktörünü belirlemek amacıyla trityum içermeyen su (ölü su) kullanılarak trityum aktivite derişimi 16,33 Bq⁄kg olan spike içme suyu numunesi hazırlandı ve ASTM D 4107-08 standardına uygun olarak distilasyon işlemine tabi tutuldu. Numunelerin trityum aktivite ölçümleri Quantulus 1220 Model çok düşük zemin sayımlı sıvı sintilasyon spektrometresi kullanılarak yapıldı. Sintilatör olarak Ultima Gold LLT, örneklerin sayımında ise 20 mL hacimli teflon kaplı polietilen vialler kullanıldı. Cihazın trityum için sayım penceresi düşük enerjili beta spektrumunda 5-450 kanal aralığına ayarlandı ve spektrumlar, EASY View Spektrum Yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Analiz sonucuna etkisi olan belirsizlik parametreleri arasından numunenin sayım belirsizliğinin beklenildiği gibi en önemli belirsizlik bileşeni olduğu görüldü ve birleşik bağıl standart belirsizlik değeri 3,47 Bq⁄kg (k=2) olarak hesaplandı.
Benzimidazol-Oksadiazol Türevlerinin Sentezi ve Candida Türleri Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: ACAR ÇEVİK Ulviye , OSMANİYE Derya , SAĞLIK Begüm Nurpelin
Published: May 2020

Günümüzde mantar enfeksiyonların tedavisinde kullanılan birçok ilaç bulunmasına rağmen, fungusların antifungal etkili ilaçlara kısa sürede rezistans kazanması, istenmeyen yan etkiler, toksik etkiler ve enfeksiyon-lara karşı ideal özelliklere sahip kemoterapötik bileşiklerin henüz geliştirilememiş olması nedeniyle bu alan-daki çalışmalar halen devam etmektedir. Heterosiklik kimyada benzersiz bir yere sahip olan benzimidazol son yıllarda kimya ve farmakolojide çok yönlü özelliklerinden dolayı büyük ilgi görmüşlerdir. Benzimidazol bileşikleri birçok alanda önemli rol oynamakta olup aynı zamanda birçok ilacın yapısında bulunmaktadır. Bu grubu içeren ilaçlar antifungal, antimikrobiyal, antiinflamatuar, antikanser, antiviral, antidiyabetik vb. gibi birçok durumda terapötik bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu özellikleri nedeniyle, benzimidazol içeren ilaçların tüm klinik, farmakokinetik ve kimyasal çalışmaları, ilaç araştırmaları ve keşiflerinde son derece önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada yeni benzimidazol-oksadiazol türevleri sentezlenmiş, spektroskopik analizler ile yapıları doğru-lanmış, dört farklı Candida türü (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei ve Candida parapsi-lopsis) üzerinde etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sentezlenen türevlerin yapıları 1H-NMR, Kütle spektroskopik verileri ile aydınlatılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen in vitro antifungal aktivite sonuçlarına göre, 5-klorobenzimidazol yapı iskeletine sahip olan 4c ve 4d bileşiklerinin, C. glabrata’ya karşı 12.5 µg/ml MİK50 değeri ile referans ilaç ketakonazol ile kıyaslandığında (MİK50: 12.5 µg/ml) seri içerisinde en umut verici bileşikler olduğu bulun-muştur.
İşyerlerinde Ramak Kala Bildirimlerinin İş Kazalarına Etkisi ve İnşaat Sektöründe Uygulama
Authors: DALYAN Orkun , PİŞKİN Mehmet
Published: May 2020

İş kazaları Türkiye’de olduğu kadar Dünyada da önemli bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İş kazala-rının gerçekleşmeden önce önlenmesi, proaktif yaklaşımın temelidir. Ramak kala olaylar, iş kazalarının önceden tahmin edilmesini sağlayacak proaktif yöntemlerden en önemlisidir. Daha önce yapılmış olan kaza piramidi çalışmaları, ramak kala (near miss) bildirimlerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacında ise çalışanların ramak kala olaya ilişkin bilgi ve algı düzeylerinin çalışanların demografik özellik-lerine göre etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Çanakkale ili kapsamında inşaat şantiyelerinde görevli personeller tarafından cevaplandırılmak üzere bir anket çalışması düzenlenmiştir. 125 çalışan tarafından cevaplandırı-lan anket verileri Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik Programı (SPSS) 22.0 ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan çalışanların 118’i (%94.4) erkek, 87’si (%69.6) bekârdır. Katılımcıların 98’i (%78.4) lise ve üzeri düzeyde eğitim almıştır. Katılımcıların sadece 8’i (%6.4) 50 yaş üzerindedir. Katılımcıların 50’si (%40.0) 3 yıldan az, 58’i (%46.4) 3-5 yıl arası ve 17’si (%13.6) 5 yıldan fazla mesleki tecrübeye sahiptir. Elde edilen verilere göre, katılımcıların%50'sinden fazlasının bildirim sisteminin varlığı, gerekliliği ve iş kazaları arasındaki bağlantıların varlığı hakkında "bilmiyorum" diye cevap verdiği belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan; katılımcıların eğitim düzeyi ve mesleki tecrübe süresi değişkenleri ile ramak kala olay bilgi düzeyleri ara-sında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanamamıştır. Ancak cinsiyet, medeni durum ve yaş değişkenleri ile ramak kala olay bilgi düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler ve analiz sonuçları ışığında, çalışanların ramak kala olay bilgisi ve farkındalığının arttırılmasını sağlayacak çalışmaların planlanması ve böylece daha güvenli iş yerlerinin oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayaca-ğı önerilmektedir.
Interactions of Native and Denatured Whey Proteins with Caseins and Polysaccharides
Authors: İNCE COŞKUN Alev Emine , ÖTLEŞ Semih
Published: May 2020

In this review, interactions of native or denatured whey proteins with other proteins and polysaccharides were addressed. Chemical structures of whey proteins and caseins as representatives of proteins and of gum Arabic and dextran as representatives of polysaccharides were explained. Whey protein, as a mixture of different proteins, such as beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, or bovine serum albumin, has a highly complex nature, and therefore, the main interaction occurs within these proteins upon processing. Structu-re of whey protein includes hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges and free thiol group, all of which allows whey proteins highly reactive with other polymers. With these properties, whey proteins can be denatured via heating or acidification in a controlled way; and therefore, several functional particles with different sizes and shapes could be obtained. Here we explained the interactions of native and denatured whey proteins with caseins, gum Arabic and dextran in terms of their behaviuor in solutions or dispersions, their functional and rheological properties. Denaturation process includes mainly hydrophobic interacti-ons and is most of the time irreversible, whereas the complex formation of proteins with polysaccharides includes electrostatic and/or steric interactions and complex formation could be reversible or irreversible depending on the type of application. Such interactions are important for the stability of food materials especially during processing and storage, therefore, a deep insight on this subject is important.
Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞEREFLİŞAN Hülya
Published: May 2020

Kara salyangozları, iklim koşullarının sert olduğu kuru veya sıcak aylarda uyku hali süreci olan estivasyon dönemine girerken, apertür kabuk açıklığını kapatan, vücut sıvısını koruyan ve yumuşak dokuların meka-nik hasarını önleyen epifragma tabakasını oluşturmaktadırlar. Bu araştırmada, Helix pomacella, Eobania vermiculata, Helix melanostoma ve Helix asemnis türü kara salyangozlarında, epifragma oluşumu ve mine-ral bileşimi araştırılmıştır. Olgun bireylerden seçilen seksen adet salyangoz, içinde 10 cm derinliğinde humuslu toprak bulunan, 60x60x45 cm büyüklüğündeki dört adet pene yerleştirilmiştir. Salyangozları estivasyona teşvik etmek için sıcaklığın yüksek olduğu Haziran ayında besleme sonlandırılmış ve nem için spreyleme yapılmamıştır. Estivasyon sürecinde oluşan epifragma tabakasının iyonik konsantrasyonu (kalsiyum, demir ve fosfor) analiz edilmiş ve oluşum süresi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada H. pomacella, E. vermiculata, H. melanostoma ve H. asemnis’in apertür genişliği ölçülmüş ve sırasıyla 15.6 ± 0.28 mm, 8.1 ± 0.21 mm, 19.4 ± 0.21 mm ve 22.8 ± 0.28 mm olduğu belirlenmiştir. Epifragma oluşum süresi en düşük E. vermiculata’da (9 ± 0.35 gün), en yüksek H. asemnis’te (15 ± 0.22 gün) olduğu görülmüştür. İyonik konsantrasyonu bakımından en yüksek kalsiyum oranı H. asemnis’te (32.52 ± 0.22 mg/g), en yüksek fosfor oranı (4.13 ± 0.18 mg/g) E. vermiculata’da ve en yüksek demir oranı ise H. pomacella’da (20.78 ± 0.25 mg/g) bulunmuştur. Araştırmada, dört salyangoz türünden elde edilen epifragma ağırlığının, kabuk genişliği, canlı ağırlık ve apertür genişliği ile doğrusal değerler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen veriler ışığında, kara salyangoz yaşamında estivasyon aracı olan epifragma’nın, canlı kültüründe ve sürdürülebilir biyoçeşitlilikte oldukça önemli bir yapı olduğuna dikkat çekilmiştir.
Eksik Hidrolojik Verilerin Simbiyotik Organizmalar Arama Algoritması ile Tahmini
Authors: SAPLIOĞLU Kemal , KÜÇÜKERDEM ÖZTÜRK Tülay Suğra , ŞENEL Fatih Ahmet
Published: May 2020

Su kaynakları proje ve planlamalarının en etkili şekilde yapılabilmesi için düzenli olarak verilerin toplan-ması ve bu verilerin analiz edilmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak gerek maddi gerekse teknik nedenlerden dolayı bazı alanlarda veriler düzenli olarak toplanamamaktadır. Bu durum ise eksik veri problemini beraberinde getirmektedir. Eksik veri problemi su kaynaklarının planlanmasında, projelendirilmesinde ve yönetiminde birtakım sorunlar meydana getirmektedir. Bu problemin çözümü için ölçüm yapılan istasyona benzer nitelikteki diğer istasyon verilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Eksik verilerin tamamlanması için literatürde çok farklı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise Türkiye’nin Yeşilırmak nehri üzerinde bulunan ölçüm istasyonları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algoritması yardımı ile 3 farklı fonksiyon optimize edilmiştir. Ayrıca optimize edilen fonksiyonlar yapay sinir ağları, normal oran metodu ve çoklu regresyon yöntemlerinden elde edilen sonuçlar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Oluşturulan modellerden elde edilen sonuçlar Mallows’s Cp ile test edilmiş ve sonuçların kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu görülmüş-tür. Yapay sinir ağları ile oluşturulan 6 adet modelin sonuçları ise normal oran metodu ve çoklu regresyo-na göre daha iyi sonuç vermesine rağmen Symbiotic Organisms Search optimizasyon yöntemi kadar başa-rılı olamamıştır. Yapay sinir ağları modellerinden en iyisi de bu çalışma için 8 nöronlu olarak tespit edil-miştir. Çalışmada SOS olmadan oluşturulan modellerin hata değerlerinin %3-%4 seviyelerinde olduğu, SOS ile optimize edilen fonksiyon sonuçlarının diğer yöntemlere göre daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür.
Comparison of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques on Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: İŞEN Evren , ŞENGÜL Akif
Published: May 2020

In this study, a simulation is performed in Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the energy production performance of the perturb & observe, incremental conductance, short circuit current and open circuit voltage techniques. In order to evaluate the performance of the techniques, they are tested under constant temperature and irradiation conditions, as well as variable temperature and irradiation conditions. In the study, 1Soltech 1STH-215-P model photovoltaic panel is used. The maximum power point tracking is applied with a DC-DC boost converter, and the energy is stored in the battery. Maximum power point tracking algorithms are applied with m-file code using Matlab Function block in Simulink. The m-file codes, the extracted power waveforms and the amount of produced energy are presented in the study. It is observed that the energy performance of the short circuit current and open circuit voltage techniques varies depending on the measurement period, especially in variable weather conditions, while the perturb & observe and the incremental conductance algorithms are the ones that produce the most energy. While the open circuit voltage technique produces more energy than the short circuit current at constant temperature and variable irradiation, the short circuit current algorithm at constant irradiation and variable temperature produces more energy. While two sensors are used for current and voltage measurement in perturb & observe and incremental conductance techniques, the use of a single sensor in short circuit current and open circuit voltage techniques and the simplicity of the algorithms are seen as the advantageous aspects of these techniques.
Digital transformation of customs services and customs control for goods ordered by individuals through global trading platforms and sent in international mail
Authors: Grekov Ivan , Afonin Petr , Dianova Valentina
Published: May 2020

The article focuses on the process of introducing new-generation digital technologies in the field of economy and social life.

On the basis of new digital technologies already used in the world, the author created a model for improving customs services and customs control.

Using this model in practice will have an impact on preventing cases of violation of customs legislation, as well as increasing the revenue of customs payments to the state budget.
DIGITAL MARKETING DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Diesperova Natal'ya , Shevereva Elena
Published: May 2020

In modern conditions, the competitiveness of companies and the national economy is determined by their ability to apply digital technologies, including Big Data technologies. They offer great opportunities for increasing efficiency of marketing and other activities of the company. An analysis of the level of development of the Russian Big Data market, Russian cloud services and digital platforms made it possible to conclude that despite the fact that Russia has the prerequisites for creating digital products of “high redistribution”, only the fragmented development of digital platforms will greatly complicate this process. The solution is seen in the substantial participation of the state in the creation of digital platforms since business opportunities, both financial and information, are insufficient.
IMPACT OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS ON ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED OF CAPITAL
Authors: Baryshnikov Nikolay , Samygin Denis , Keleynikova Svetlana
Published: May 2020

The paper shows that due to the measures taken in order to create favorable conditions for investing, improvement of legal, organizational and economic development mechanisms of investment activity in Russia, there was an increase of capital flow into the agricultural sector of economy both from budgetary and borrowing sources of financing. It resulted in some economic development of commodity producers but did not course a technological breakthrough, which can be expected due to the intensification of investment flow into the agricultural production. Under ambient limits, mechanisms and tools being used have depleted all possible ways to attract resources. It was proved that the methodology of financial management assessment of the added value in agricultural business widely used in the western countries can become the major tool in mobilization of additional sources of fixed and working capital. The model of functional dependence between yield spread and invested capital was constructed. By the example of Penza Region some necessary calculations, which show that there is an incentive to invest into entrepreneurship in villages and potential of growth of investing effectiveness in agribusiness, were made.
MECHANISMS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF OIL AND PETROCHEMICAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Weisman Camila
Published: May 2020

The oil and gas industry remains for Russia the most important source of income, a strategic industry. According to official figures of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, income from the oil and gas sector, according to the results of 2019, is 40% of the total budget of the country. A large volume of crude oil and gas is exported from the country. The tax burden on raw materials reaches up to 60% of the initial cost, which makes oil production at new fields extremely unprofitable.

The most important direction for the country is the transition from a strategy for the sale of crude oil products to refined ones, which have an additional cost.

The article discusses the features of domestic oil production, analyzes the reasons for overpriced in comparison with competitive raw materials from other oil producing leader countries. The strategy of ensuring the economic security of the industry is noted, the main tools are listed and the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of petrochemical industry enterprises are presented.
RUSSIA IN THE DIGITAL FUTURE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Simonov Sergei , Simonov Sergei
Published: May 2020

Introduction. There are ongoing changes in the economic and social spheres associated with increased information. This trend is taking place in today 's world, as it is not possible for a biosocial entity to process such a huge body of information. That is why positive dynamics in digital innovation are needed. They penetrate all sectors of the economy, both as industrial internet and in the form of digital assets. Japan, Canada and the Nordic countries are leading the way in this area. In particular, we are talking about accounting and auditing activities in terms of accounting for digital assets, as well as other digital signs.

Materials and methods: legislation and scientific literature revealing the state of the economy in Russia, digital technologies of importance in the digital development of our country. The following methods of scientific knowledge of research materials were used: analysis, synthesis, derivation, induction, comparative method, description, trend analysis, etc.

The results: the results of the study revealed issues related to the development and analysis of the state of the digital economy in Russia, as well as identified existing problems and identified ways to solve them and prospects for development in the context of the implementation of the process of digitalization of the national economy.

Discussion: The study made it possible to determine the current situation of the Russian economy and its relationship with digital technologies; Identify problems in the digital economy and propose solutions of their own.

Conclusion: The study is devoted to the phenomenon of the application of the digital economy in Russia. Issues addressed include the emergence and development of digital technologies; The challenges of a full transition to the digital economy; Prospects for the development of digital technologies in the Russian Federation. The author focuses on problems related to insufficient financing of the digital economy, which affects the world rating of countries and points to the need to develop new ways of developing digital technologies. Based on the study of the factual material, it has been established that Russian organizations tend to fully transition to the digital economy. The state of development of the digital economy in the Russian Federation has been analyzed. The main prospects for the development of the digital economy in Russia have been identified. Conclusions have been drawn on this material and proposals have been formulated to overcome barriers related to the problems of development and introduction of the digital economy in the Russian Federation.

Key words: digital economy, digitalization, digital technologies, development strategy, rating, stages of digital transformation.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION AT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Mikaeva Anzhela
Published: May 2020

The quality management program of economic education at a technological university allows to formulate methods for improving the quality of teaching non-core economic discipline, which is adapted to the specifics of an educational institution with a technical orientation. The article describes the features of teaching non-core disciplines, identifies the purpose of the program taking into account the identified features, and also considers the tasks that need to be solved to improve the quality of economic education. In particular, the adjustment of the substantive and methodological parts of the training program for the needs of students, the introduction of students' knowledge control based on statistical methods, as well as the integration of economic discipline in the general process and training paradigm, its direct relation with the future professional activity of students.
SCIENCE CITIES IN ENSURING THE INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC SECURITY
Authors: Safronova Ekaterina
Published: May 2020

Modern control over the activities of science cities, their role and significance in the development of the state innovation system, historical aspects of their improvement, as well as their functional tasks and features of components that are part of the scientific and production complex, currently determine that science cities occupy a special position in ensuring the intellectual potential of economic security in Russia.
The role of the Federation of European Securities Exchanges in regulating the EU securities market
Authors: Puzyrev Sergey
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the economic basis of the functioning of the FESE with the purpose of determining its features and role in regulating the EU securities market.
Directions of counteraction to shadow entrepreneurship and corruption in the framework of ensuring the economic security of Russia
Authors: Artemyev Nikolay
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the basics of anti-corruption process management in the framework of the Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030. The dynamics of changes in the volume of shadow and corruption relations is analyzed. The directions of legalization of activity and anti-corruption are determined
Problems of personnel support in the context of economic security of consumer cooperation
Authors: Astrahanceva Elena
Published: May 2020

The article highlights the relevance of economic security, including for enterprises of the consumer cooperation system, analyzes the forms of departmental statistical observation of the number and wages of employees of the consumer cooperation system of the Republic of Tatarstan, draws appropriate conclusions, and suggests measures to improve staffing.
TAX SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: FINANCIAL AND BUDGETARY ASPECT
Authors: Chehov Anton
Published: May 2020

The financial and budgetary aspects of the Russian tax system are themselves only one of the regulatory levers of state economic functioning, but their role in the implementation of national tax policy is very high.

Rational use of financial and budgetary techniques can have a positive impact on the state of the economy as a whole and make it possible to fulfill the set goals. The entire Toolkit needs to be considered as a single whole because of the uninterrupted relevant mutual communication.
¿Disruptivas o anticuadas? Rutinas de producción informativa en entornos digitales
Authors: Terán Álvaro
Published: May 2020

Esta investigación analiza las rutinas de producción informativa en espacios de periodismo político en las redes sociales virtuales, con la finalidad de determinar las mecánicas, estrategias y acciones propias del campo digital en la creación de contenidos políticos. Para ello, se analiza, a través de un acercamiento etnográfico, que contempla el desarrollo de entrevistas, observación participante y revisión documental, el caso de Beso Negro Periodismo, un canal de YouTube, donde se elaboran y transmiten noticias políticas con enfoque satírico del Ecuador y el mundo.
Protesta social en Chile, 2019-2020: fracaso de un modelo económico
Authors: Cuadra Alvaro
Published: May 2020

En este artículo hemos querido dar una mirada panorámica sobre las singularidades de la protesta social en Chile 2019 - 2020. Llama la atención cómo la ciudadanía se ha manifestado de espaldas a los partidos políticos tanto a la derecha como a la izquierda del espectro. Observamos una fuerte componente juvenil que utiliza las redes sociales para organizar, coordinar y difundir acciones de resistencia en las calles de muchas ciudades del país.
Borges: su poética y algunos poemas dedicados a escritores
Authors: Mafla Mercedes
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo se ocupará de realizar unas anotaciones generales sobre las manifestaciones explícitas de la poética de Jorge Luis Borges y, en especial, delineará la hipótesis de que, aunque el autor argentino siempre expresó sus ideas sobre la literatura en ensayos y ficciones por todos conocidos, también lo hizo, de una forma más velada, en muchos poemas que, a lo largo de su larga vida, les dedicó a variados escritores. Es pertinente señalar que los poemas que analizaremos en este ensayo tienen una característica adicional notable: contienen juicios críticos, puestos en escena por medio de varios recursos narrativos.

Antes de entrar en el grupo de poemas dedicados a escritores, he creído pertinente hacer un escueto resumen del origen del arte poética, como un subgénero literario de antigua data, el mismo que se expresó en América Latina con bastante recurrencia, aunque con distintos fines: en su momento, como herencia directa de los clásicos (Horacio o Aristóteles) y, más adelante, como la manifestación de posturas individuales de asumir la poesía y la labor del poeta. En este contexto, Borges tiene la virtud de sintetizar la tradición y sus propias preguntas sobre su destino literario. Estos serán los asuntos a los que nos aproximaremos a continuación.
Noticias falsas y la construcción de relatos agnológicos como estrategia política en las movilizaciones de octubre de 2019 en Ecuador
Authors: Villalva Tania
Published: May 2020

Las mentiras reproducidas de manera deliberada en las redes sociales tienen como función central la comunicación y no la expresión del pensamiento; esto como parte de estrategias políticas de grupos que ostenta el poder, que pretenden desestabilizar a la ciudadanía y que además buscan subestimar a la audiencia a través de contenidos errados y malintencionados. El análisis semántico, retórico y sitáctico de 53 noticias que circularon en FaceBook, Twitter y WhatsApp los 11 días del Paro Nacional en Ecuador, permitieron evidenciar que el lenguaje receptado por la sociedad pasó por la función represenativa, expresiva y apelativa, esta última, regidad desde la emocionalidad, lo que mostró el carácter hostíl que se sucitó entre grupos sociales.
…y también el futuro
Authors: ABAD ORDÓÑEZ GUSTAVO
Published: May 2020

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«That Limit of Depth…»: Rhythm and Meaning in the Poem «I Was Killed near Rzhev» («Ya Ubit podo Rzhevom») (To the 110th Anniversary of the Birth of A. T. Tvardovsky)
Authors: Bobylev B. G. , Kovalev P. A.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of A. Tvardovsky’s poem «I Was Killed Near Rzhev» («Ya Ubit podo Rzhevom») in the unity of its form and content. The analysis was carried out using the methods of prosody and text philological analysis, techniques of decoding stylistics, text reading «under the linguistic microscope», commentary, rhetorical analysis. The authors come to the conclusion that the imagery stylistic system of the poem is based on the affective contradiction – a collision of despair connected with an atheistic understanding of death as a total destruction of an individual and craving for faith. Polyphony and polysemantics of the poem’s text, a repeated change of communicative and rhythmic registers against the background of the author’s image integrity personified in the poem are viewed upon as iconic signs transmitting the idea of conciliarism of the Russian people as an integrated-divided unity.
L. V. Scherba – a Theoretician and Practitioner of Russian Lexicography
Authors: Stukova E. G.
Published: May 2020

The article analyses some aspects of lexicographic activity of L. V. Scherba: it examines his contribution into the development of the theory of lexicography, gives a survey of the dictionaries compiled with his participation in the 1920s–30s of the XX century, introduces to the scientific community some little-known facts of his lexicographic activity of the period. In addition to a general scientific overview of special literature and the analysis of his «Dictionary of the Russian Language», the article presents facts of the archival documents from Saint Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article deals with such unknown or little-known facts as L. V. Schera’s personal participation in the 1920s–30s in a number of lexicographic projects in Moscow and Leningrad: he took part in the compilation of «Lenin’s» dictionary of the Russian language, made in Moscow, A. S. Griboyedov’s «Woe from Wit» dictionary. A special page in the history of L. V. Scherba’s lexicographic activity became his work as a member of the Dictionary commission of the Academy of Sciences, his being an editor of a number of issues of the «Dictionary of the Russian Language» under the general edition of A. A. Shahmatov, and also compilation of the IX volume of the «Dictionary of the Russian Language» edited by N. S. Derzhavin. The article gives a brief analysis of the materials of the only published first issue («И – Идеализироваться») of this volume. The article summarizes important and topical for the theory of lexicography L. V. Sherba’s observations and statements resulting from his considerable practical dictionary making work. The article gives a brief account of concrete lexicographic material testifying for a very high level of the scientist’s lexicographic work.
Efficacy of prophylactic calcium dobesilate in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: AKKOÇ Ali , METİN Ahmet
Published: May 2020

Aim: In this study, the objective was to investigate the protective effect of calcium dobesilate, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on the experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups: Sham group (Group 1), ischemia-reperfusion group (Group 2), and treatment group (Group 3). Before the ischemia-reperfusion procedure, rats in Group 3 received calcium dobesilate through gavage (100mg/kg/day) for 10 days. Groups other than the sham group underwent ischemia for 45 minutes and reperfusion for 24 hours. Plasma urea and creatinine levels, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity levels were measured. In addition, histopathological changes that may be related to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the renal tissue, were investigated.Results: The median glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzyme levels were higher in Group 2 compared to Groups 1 and 3. However, the differences were not statistically significant. The creatine levels were statistically lower in Group 3 compared to Group 1 and Group 2. The median urea levels were lower in Group 3 than in Group 1 and Group 2, but the differences were not statistically significant. The histopathological examination showed that parameters such as cellular necrosis, flattened tubular epithelial cells, cytoplasmic vacuolization, tubular lumen obstruction, and chronic inflammation, which are indicators of the ischemia-reperfusion injury, were statistically less common in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that prophylactic calcium dobesilate had a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Risk Factors and Surgical Treatment Methods in Femoral Hernia
Authors: TOSUN Salih , AYDEMİR Muhammet Ali , LEBLEBİCİ Metin , EKİNCİ Özgür , YENER Oktay , ALİMOĞLU Orhan
Published: May 2020

Aim: Femoral hernias are more common in the right groin and in the female population. Elective hernia surgery after diagnosis is the most suitable option for femoral hernias, due to fewer complications and shorter length of hospitalization. In this study, we analysed the factors affecting clinical outcomes in patients undergoing urgent or elective early surgery, due to femoral hernia.Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, all elective and urgent femoral hernias that were operated between January 2017 and January 2020 were analysed. Routine imaging tests were not applied to the patients and ultrasonography (USG) was applied in the presence of clinical suspicion. Results: 38 femoral hernia patients were operated on during the 3 years observation period. According to the type of surgery, 30 patients underwent hernia repair with mesh and 8 patients underwent suture repair. Of the 28 patients operated electively, 5 were male and 23 were female. 17 of the patients were right and 11 were left femoral hernia. Of the 10 patients who were operated urgently due to strangulation or incarceration, 4 were male and 6 were female. 7 of the patients were right and 3 were left femoral hernia. 3 of the urgently operated patients underwent intestinal resection due to strangulation.Conclusion: Femoral hernias were more common in women and especially in the right side, and emergent femoral hernia surgery resulted in more intestinal resection and longer patient hospitalization. In particular, we think that the application of USG with physical examination in women will increase the diagnosis rates of femoral hernias. In addition, we think that the diagnosis of preoperative femoral hernia will decrease recurrence rates by choosing the right surgical technique.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DILI (DISCOVERY LEARNING DAN INQUIRY) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMA NEGERI 7 AMBON
Authors: Kewere Mariske , Matdoan M Nur , Airini Ine
Published: May 2020

Background: In achieving a learning goal a teacher is required to be able to choose an effective learning model to be applied in a particular concept. One of the causes of students' lack of understanding of a concept is teacher-centered learning and lack of motivation in students in the learning process. The Discovery Learning and Inquiry learning model is a series of learning activities that maximally involve all students' abilities to search and investigate systematically, critically, logically, analytically, so that they are able to solve the problems themselves with confidence.

Method: This study uses the Discovery Learning and Inquiry learning model on the concept of viruses in class X2 of SMA Negeri 7 Ambon. This research was conducted from 16 February to 16 March 2019.

Results: This study shows that there is an increase in student learning outcomes after using the Discovery Learning learning model that is integrated with the Inquiry model.

Conclusion: From the learning outcomes that are based on the student's final grade shows that there is an increase in the initial test results of students who have not reached the minimum completeness criteria and the final test has reached the minimum completeness criteria (KKM).