bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land Rush, pratique documentaire et regard sur la complexité du réel
Authors: Ricci Daniela
Published: September 2021

This article offers an analysis of the documentary Land Rush by Osvalde Lewat and Hugo Berkeley. The study shows how the film is an example of the multiple points of view, particularly sensitive to people’s living conditions. This is the result of a dual gaze of the filmmakers and also of the specific positioning of Osvalde Lewat, a Cameroonian who navigates between various countries and lives in the space of the diaspora. From her ‘situated gaze’, she offers a particular perspective on the fragility of villagers confronting environmental issues, international market and economic rules. Far removed from stereotypes, she shows how rural communities are faced with choices that can change their lives. At the same time, she attests to the fact that no matter the condition, one can resist and define one’s own destiny. It is a contemporary practice of documentary that Osvalde Lewat uses her experiences as a journalist and then as a filmmaker, to fight against injustices of all kinds.
STUDI KESESUAIAN HABITAT Dicksonia blumei (Kunze) T.Moore DENGAN PENDEKATAN PENGINDRAAN JAUH DI KAWASAN HUTAN BUKIT TAPAK, BEDUGUL, BALI
Authors: Darma I Dewa Putu , Iryadi Rajif , Sutomo
Published: September 2021

Dicksonia blumei (Kunze) T.Moore merupakan salah satu jenis paku pohon yang diprioritaskan untuk dikonservasi sebagaimana yang diamanatkan di dalam CITES appendix II. Salah satu sebaran alaminya adalah Kepulauan Sunda Kecil dimana tercatat ada sepuluh spesimen D. blumei di Bali (Batukaru dan Bedugul). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai kesesuaian habitat dan arahan lokasi untuk reintroduksi jenis D. blumei di Bukit Tapak, Bedugul, Bali. Permodelan dilakukan dengan metode maksimum entropi (Maxent). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah topografi, iklim dan tanah dimana tersebar titik D. blumei di Bali. Data tersebut kemudian digabungkan dengan data keberadaan Alsophila latebrosa sebagai salah satu inang tumbuh dari D. blumei di alam. Performa model menunjukkan hasil yang luar biasa dengan nilai training data Area Under the Curve (AUC) sebesar 0,997 dan nilai test data AUC sebesar 0,967. Variabel iklim yang paling dominan adalah b10 (rerata suhu pada quartal terpanas) yaitu 25,8%. Zonasi kesesuaian habitat D. blumei juga cukup luas yaitu ± 15 km2 pada kawasan Bedugul (Kabupaten Tabanan dan Buleleng). Detail titik lokasi untuk arahan reintroduksi/restorasi didapatkan dengan menggunakan interpretasi citra Pleaides melalui proses perhitungan statistik spectral library dari kanopi A. latebrosa. Hasil deteksi dengan pendekatan interpretasi citra Pleiades diperoleh akurasi sebesar 88%. Hasil penggabungan informasi kesesuaian habitat D. blumei dan titik sebaran A. latebrosa menunjukkan 28 titik lokasi di bagian barat daya hingga barat laut Bukit Tapak yang diprediksi sesuai sebagai lokasi reintroduksi D. blumei.
A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Povidone Iodine Versus Super Oxidized Solution in Lower Limb Ulcers
Authors: Akula Nyna Sindhu , Krishna Navaneeth , Sathu Sreedhar
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Wounds and their management are important in the practice of surgery. Super oxidised solution is a recent concept in wound management. It is an aqueous solution which is electrochemically processed which is non-toxic, non-irrigating and is having a neutral pH. Povidone iodine is the most common topical wound care product used in surgical practice. Both are affordable solutions for the patients. There are very few studies comparing the efficacy. In this study, we wanted to compare the efficacy of super oxidised solution and povidone iodine in the management of lower limb ulcers. METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients who were randomized into two groups. Group A was treated with super oxidized solution and Group B were treated with povidone iodine. Assessments of wounds were done on various days (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21). Various outcomes of data were analysed using statistical analysis. RESULTS The average percentage reduction in wound size on day 21 was 47 % in Group A compared to 24 % in Group B. Early appearance of granulation tissue, disinfection, decrease in wound size, and less duration of hospital stay was achieved in Group A. CONCLUSIONS The results were more favourable towards super oxidised solution than povidone iodine. In this comparative study, super oxidized solution had faster efficacy and wound healing in patients than povidone iodine. KEY WORDS Super Oxidized Solution, Ulcer, Povidone Iodine.
The Impact and Outcome of Training Programme of Health Care Workers with Reference to Sample Collection in Microbiology Laboratory
Authors: Naz Ruby , Saxena Naveen , Khan Sameena
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Sample collection of blood, urine, stool, sputum and swab collection for various tests in a microbiology laboratory is a very important and crucial part of laboratory investigations. All samples should be properly labelled, and the requisition form should be filled properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the training programme to improve the quality of sample collection in the microbiology laboratory. METHODS It is an observation based cross-sectional study which was conducted among the health care workers of a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan to assess their knowledge regarding safe and proper sample collection and transportation. RESULTS In pre-session a lot of loopholes were found among the healthcare workers regarding proper sample collection techniques, handling of sample, transportation and storage of the sample, dealing with blood spillage and in general disinfection. After the orientation session, there was a significant increase in knowledge of how & when to take a sample that is 63 % & 54 % respectively which is almost more than double presession. CONCLUSIONS Proper sample collection and transportation are key steps to patient care and very useful for correct diagnosis. Most of the errors happen in the pre-analytical phase. In our study, we observed that the knowledge of participants improved significantly after continuous training sessions. This indicates that such a type of knowledge session is essential for improving sample collection practices. It is therefore important to train health care workers (HCW), who form the root of the health care system at regular intervals, to enhance knowledge significantly. KEY WORDS Sample Collection, Training, Laboratory, Sample Collection
Steroids Alone, Versus Steroids with Antihistamines, in the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus – A Comparative Study from Chennai, India
Authors: Manivasagam Deepigaa , Muthukrishnan Arvind
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic T cell mediated autoimmune disorder affecting the skin and mucosa of the oral cavity. Mainstays of treatment are corticosteroids which are mostly used topically, and severe cases require systemic management. Recalcitrant or severe cases may require steroid sparing immune-modulators. Mast cells are predominant in the active phase of LP and antihistamines reduce mast cell numbers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antihistamines in oral lichen planus. METHODS This study was conducted from June 2019 to March 2020 in oral medicine department. A total of 54 patients were included in which group – 1 (n = 27) patients were treated with both systemic antihistamine with topical steroids, group – 2 (n = 27) patients were treated with topical steroids only. The Challacombe scale was used to assess the severity of disease at baseline, 15 days and 30 days. RESULTS Results showed that patients were in the age group of 51 - 60 years (27.8 %), female predilection (63 %), erosive OLP (50 %) and reticular OLP (38.8 %) was most commonly reported. Mean difference and standard deviation at first review and second review for group 1 was 9.85 ± 2.349, 8.14 ± 2.685; group 2 was 4.74 ± 2.297, 4.37 ± 2.436 respectively with a statistically significant value (< 0.05). In between the reviews, group - 1 showed a rapid reduction in severity of disease when compared to group - 2. CONCLUSIONS A combined therapy of topical steroids and systemic antihistamines was more effective in active reduction of disease and are easily available with no adverse effects reported. KEY WORDS Antihistamines; Challacombe Scale; Mast Cells; Oral Lichen Planus
Oral Pathology - The Soul of Dentistry
Authors: Singhal Ishita , Dave Aparna , Arora Manpreet , Saluja Pulin , Rai Radhika
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Oral and maxillofacial pathology, is the very foundation of dentistry. It is a branch of dentistry where research meets clinical practice with the use of histopathology, cytopathology, haematology, immunohistochemistry, clinical biochemistry, microbiology, molecular science, forensic odontology, and a lot more, making it a unique and rare branch in its own way. It acts as a backbone of dental science, by investigating the causes, processes, and effects of the disease affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. Therefore, this branch requires timely up-gradation to analyse health data, research findings and treatment techniques to offer a diagnostic and therapeutic recommendation for individual patients. The application of digital technology in oral pathology is on the verge of becoming a standard of care, thereby eliminating the need for practising pathology on a conventional microscope. Globally, pathological laboratories need to be more efficient than before. Therefore, automation and digitalization are required to not only increase the efficiency, growth, quality, and capacity but also to standardise the processes. The purpose of this article is to introduce the readers, the incorporation of new ideas and technologies in the lab for a better and faster diagnosis, and would also like to explain the concept of standardizing the method of recording and maintaining the dental or medical records of the patients, and also standardizing the lab reports. KEY WORDS Innovation, Robotics, Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Upgradation, Maxillofacial Region
Properties of Orthodontic Clear Aligner Materials - A Review
Authors: Gold Binu Punnoose , Siva Suvetha , Duraisamy Sangeetha , Idaayath Azmina , Kannan Ravi
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Clear aligners are orthodontic devices that are transparent, a plastic used to correct malaligned teeth. Here patient wears a series of customized clear, removable aligners that gradually move the teeth to the desired position. The clear aligner system is a modern adaptation of the systems described since the middle of the 20th century, therefore there were different devices and philosophies that have led to its creation and the system has evolved a lot over the decades. Clear aligner therapy has been a part of the orthodontic practice for years, but, popularity was increased since the introduction of Invisalign appliances (Align Technology) in 1998. There are almost 27 different clear aligner products currently on offer for orthodontic treatment. Nowadays, more people prefer clear aligner treatment because it is aesthetically superior to brackets and lingual orthodontics. The superiority of clear aligners lies in their aesthetics. The optical properties of the clear aligner material play a major role in aesthetics. The rising demand among adult patients for “invisible” orthodontic treatment has led to an exponential growth in the clear aligner market. Indeed, these aligners have a low aesthetic impact, as well as being able to effectively and progressively guide the teeth into their programmed positions. They are also removable and therefore do not hamper oral hygiene maintenance, in turn reducing the risk of white spots, caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease. All the materials do not possess the same chemical composition. The properties change before and after wear. In this article, we bring out the different materials used for the manufacture of clear aligners and their various properties. KEY WORDS Clear Aligners, Optical Properties, Thermoplastic Material, Mechanical Properties
Asbesto en Colombia: inventario de mineralizaciones y recomendaciones para la fase post-minera
Authors: Serrano Calderón Laura Marcela , Larrahondo Joan , Lysaniuk Benjamin , Cely García María Fernanda , Ramos Bonilla Juan Pablo , Giraldo Margarita , Guerrero Bernal Juan Carlos , Cruz Rodriguez Esteban , Briceño Ayala Leonardo
Published: September 2021

Los minerales de asbesto, aunque poseen excelentes propiedades para aplicaciones industriales, son cancerígenos, y por medio de la Ley 1968 de 2019 se prohibió el uso, explotación y comercialización del asbesto en Colombia. La única mina formal de asbesto en el territorio nacional, localizada en complejo ultramáfico serpentinizado de Campamento (Antioquia), produjo fibra de crisotilo entre 1980 y 2020, pero también existe un gran número de otras mineralizaciones no explotadas de asbesto en gran parte del país. En el marco del desarrollo del Perfil Nacional del Asbesto para Colombia, y con el fin de dimensionar el problema del asbesto en el país, este estudio presenta un aplicativo para Google Earth (©Google) que referencia todas las mineralizaciones de asbesto conocidas en Colombia y sus principales datos de interés. Adicionalmente, con base en evidencia científica, se recomiendan acciones para la fase post-minera aplicables a Campamento. Para este estudio, se revisó toda la literatura sobre asbesto disponible en el Motor de Integración de Información Geocientífica (MIIG) del Servicio Geológico Colombiano, además de publicaciones en bases de datos científicas tanto de suscripción como de acceso libre. Los resultados de casi 60 documentos del MIIG muestran que la evidencia geológica de asbesto en Colombia se conoce desde el año 1940. Además, para la mina de Campamento se dispone de información sobre las etapas de prospección preliminar, exploración y diseño de planta, y explotación y beneficio. Igualmente, se muestra que, aunque se conocen múltiples mineralizaciones tituladas y no tituladas en el país diferentes a la mina de Campamento, el estado del conocimiento sobre ellas es limitado. El aplicativo desarrollado es un archivo ejecutable en formato .KML que contiene las coordenadas geográficas de los depósitos de asbesto conocidos, sus principales características y fuentes bibliográficas de referencia. Finalmente, las recomendaciones para la fase post-minera en Campamento se centran en la gestión de sitios contaminados abandonados, antecedentes internacionales sobre rehabilitación ambiental de áreas de mina de asbesto y avances recientes en investigación; sin embargo, dichos avances resultan ilegales a la luz de la actual ley de prohibición del asbesto en Colombia debido a que representan riesgo potencial para la salud de la población cercana.
The Resolution of Riemann's hypothesis
Authors: Feliksiak Jan
Published: September 2021

This poster is based on the research done by the Author.
Beyond What We Are Told Is Fact
Authors: Kruse Zack
Published: September 2021

This chapter more fully introduces the theoretical framework for Kruse’s reading of Ditko’s work and includes more thorough definitions for the key terms as well as a historical and cultural context for those terms. The contextualization provided in this chapter offers a look into Ditko’s hometown Johnstown, Pennsylvania and its immigrant community of industrial workers, along with the liberal political voices such as Ayn Rand and Nathaniel Branden alongside occult and mystic voices such as H.P. Blavatsky, and how popular twentieth-century advocates of the mind power movement like Norman Vincent Peale, Dale Carnegie, and other members link each of these seemingly disparate ideas and methodologies. The result of this entanglement—in theory and in practice—is mystic liberalism.
The Right to Kill
Authors: Kruse Zack
Published: September 2021

The Question and Mr. A are widely understood as being Ditko’s most Objectivist characters, both of whom often spoke using an Objectivist lexicon, and Ditko identified Mr. A as being an experiment in interpreting and applying Rand’s work. While the politics and violence of The Question and Mr. A are often discussed, there is, as yet, no deep consideration of how these characters function not as literal proponents of violence but as avatars for ideological constructs addressing metaphysical issues, particularly Ditko’s conception of the conflicts of “life” versus “anti-life” and “mind” versus “anti-mind.” This chapter recalibrates the discussion surrounding the penchant Ditko’s characters have for violence, placing it within a more sensible intellectual context that is consistent to the mystic liberal framework Ditko had been operating in for the previous few decades
Visibility: Growing Sideways in I’ll Get There. It Better Be Worth the Trip.1
Authors: Mason Derritt
Published: September 2021

This chapter revisits the first-ever young adult book with gay content, John Donovan’s I’ll Get There. It Better Be Worth the Trip., originally published in 1969. Mason finds value in elements of this novel that have been critiqued over the years: invisibilities, ambiguities, nonteleological ways of conceiving growth, and, specifically, how the protagonist never has a “coming out” moment. Donovan’s adolescent protagonist, Davy, resists what Kathryn Bond Stockton calls, in The Queer Child, “the vertical, forward-motion metaphor of growing up,” instead “growing sideways” through his relationship with his pet dachshund, Fred. This novel, Mason argues—so often lambasted for its hopelessness, stereotypes, and omissions—is a lot queerer than it may initially appear, and much more relevant to contemporary notions of sexuality and queerness than many critics have suggested.
Getting Better: Children’s Literature Theory and the It Gets Better Project1
Authors: Mason Derritt
Published: September 2021

This chapter considers Dan Savage and Terry Miller’s It Gets Better project, an anti-bullying YouTube campaign that launched in 2010 following a rash of queer youth suicides, and argues that this project is a site of convergence for children’s literature and adult fictions. Mason suggests that the circulation and adaptation of cultural texts like It Gets Better across and through multiple genres—what he refers to, after Kathryn Bond Stockton, as a text and/or genre’s “sideways growth”—challenge critics to widen their theoretical lenses for the study of young people’s texts and culture. The book version of It Gets Better engages in a repetitive anxious rehearsal of its own metanarrative of “getting better” and renders the project (im)possible, Mason argues, drawing on Jacqueline Rose’s The Case of Peter Pan. While It Gets Better fails politically, it succeeds nonetheless at generating critical cultural discourse about how adults address queer youth.
Strings and Skins
Authors: Lapidus Benjamin
Published: September 2021

This chapter outlines the important history and role of craftsmen based in New York City who produced and repaired traditional instruments used in the performance of Latin music. It introduces individuals who came from Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican, and Jewish communities, and examines how their instruments physically represented the actual sound of Latin Music to New York and the world on widely disseminated recordings. Many of these instrument makers also sold their instruments beyond New York City and the United States. The chapter also discusses the work of builders and musicians in New York City to create and modify the tools used to forge the sound of Latin music and diffuse both the instruments and their aesthetic throughout the world. Ultimately, the chapter seeks to unify into one coherent narrative, the efforts of folklorists, journalists, and authors who paid attention to the origins of hand percussion instruments in New York, their subsequent mass production, and the people who built the instruments used to play Latin music in New York City.
Conclusion
Authors: Lapidus Benjamin
Published: September 2021

This chapter draws the main themes of the book together and offers ideas for a clearer and more coherent overview of Latin music in New York, as well as ideas for future scholarship. It outlines Cuban author Leonardo Padura Fuentes' ten points to defend the position that salsa might or might not exist as a genre. Using this as a model, the chapter presents ten themes from the book that show how musicians based in New York City shaped the international sound of Latin music. These include: (1) the physical and metaphysical aspects of clave, (2) the importance of folklore, (3) the emphasis on music education, (4) musical biculturalism and triculturalism, (5) the evolution of the anticipated bass part, (6) instrument making and its impact on performance and recording, (7) the role of dance, (8) lineages of musicians, (9) interethnic collaboration, and (10) the role of jazz. All of these are not treated in each chapter, but they recur throughout and overlap considerably.
The Lions of the Royal Victoria
Authors: Ross Charles D.
Published: September 2021

This chapter outlines the offer of John Fraser and Company to James Bulloch and John Low — a passage to Liverpool on their ship Annie Childs. The chapter narrates how Union authorities realized that Low was involved with the Fingal shipment of cotton. Bulloch and Low left Wilmington and arrived in Liverpool to find Oreto ready to go. The ship was given the working name Oreto (for an Italian river valley) in the Liverpool shipyard to divert attention from its ultimate destination. The chapter then introduces US Consul Thomas Dudley who let both the British and his own government know that a “formidable and dangerous” ship was being built and was headed for the Confederacy. The chapter turns to describe Lewis Heyliger's return from Bermuda to work on building a defense for Oreto. Finally, the chapter describes the two lions of the Royal Victoria: captains Raphael Semmes and John Maffitt. It reviews Maffitt's contributions and significance in taking command of Oreto, and how Semmes' presence in Nassau took attention away from Maffitt.
The Future of “Race-Conscious” Memorialization in Twenty-First-Century America
Authors: Hasian Marouf A. , Paliewicz Nicholas S.
Published: September 2021

In this concluding chapter, the authors take up the question of how American communities are going to react to the EJI’s “race conscious” efforts. It is one thing to visit the memorial, dig up soil samples from lynching sites and send them to the Lynching Memorial but quite another to be arguing for massive overhauls in the ways we think about incarceration of African Americans or the need for reparations. Here, the authors argue that their critical genealogical analyses have shown why U.S. communities may be willing to acknowledge the problematics of antebellum, Reconstruction, post-Reconstruction, or even 1950s segregationist practices, but they are possibly unwilling to see the lingering influence, in the twenty-first century, of entrenched racial categorizations or carceral practices that can be traced back to post-Civil War years.
Terence Blanchard and the Politics of Breathing
Authors: Williams James Gordon
Published: September 2021

This chapter discusses trumpeter Terence Blanchard’s composition “Breathless” (2015). “Breathless” was Blanchard’s response to the 2014 killing of Eric Garner by members of the police on Staten Island and his musical connection to the Black Lives Matter social movement. Blanchard sonically represents breathlessness harmonically, rhythmically, and melodically within the values of Black musical space. It is argued that Blanchard’s orchestration of reverbed male and female sounds of exhalation with the spoken-word lyrics of JRei Oliver is a social critique of systemic violence. This chapter explains how Blanchard’s music is in conversation not only with the Black Lives Matter movement but with the archives and community repositories of improvised social justice music by past African American musicians who have historically created a Black sense of place through musical practices.
The Social Science Music of Terri Lyne Carrington
Authors: Williams James Gordon
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores the music, life, and institutional building of drummer, feminist, and artistic director for the Berklee Institute for Jazz and Gender Justice, Terri Lyne Carrington. Through and examination of her cultural work, this chapter discusses Carrington’s attack on patriarchy in jazz culture through Black feminist thought reflected in her musical practices. Her work exposes the irony of the Black aesthetic values of inclusion at the foundation of African American improvised music in contrast with the patriarchal practice of marginalizing women improvisers. Carrington’s musical arrangement of Bernice Johnson Reagon’s composition “Echo” on The Mosaic Project (2011) is analyzed as linked critique of anti-blackness over and several compositions on Terri Lyne Carrington and Social Science (2019) are analyzed as an intersectional critique of police brutality, gay conversion therapy, celebration of Black feminism, and gender inequity represented respectively in “Bells (Ring Loudly),” “Pray the Gay Away,” “Anthem,” and “Purple Mountains.”
Unified Fragmentation: Andrew Hill’s Street Theory of Black Musical Space
Authors: Williams James Gordon
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines Andrew Hill’s philosophical approach to improvisation based on a textual analysis of his unfinished theoretical treatise called Project Acculturation (1994) found amongst Hill’s papers in his archives at the Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University. At the heart of Hill’s theory is a pedagogical paradigm he called “street approach to jazz improvisation.” Hill wanted institutional music curriculum to acculturate to the ways of learning that had shaped his musical approaches that extends from his experiences as a young musician in the Chicago Black jazz clubs, where he was encompassed by feeling of Black sociality. This is a feeling which he says is missing in what he calls white jazz. This chapter claims scholarship on Hill has largely focused on analyzing his compositional and improvisational analysis because he resisted musical and political categories. Hill’s musical approach to musical space in his composition “Malachi” (2006) is analyzed.
Improvising Sabor
Authors: Miller Sue
Published: September 2021

The term ‘salsa’ has come to stand for a particular standardized set of performance practices and the dominant narrative of its origins, particularly through the lens of the Fania Records story, has tended to over-simplify Latin music history in the USA. This book documents an understudied period of Latin music history across the divide of the Cuban Revolution of 1959 to demonstrate a wider narrative which includes the history of the influential charanga orquestas of 1960s New York. A típico aesthetic is shown to be an important one with the combination of charanga and conjunto stylings giving rise to a plurality of ensemble types, each with a distinctive sabor and varying degrees of cubanía. In this book Miller thus examines the New York contexts for Cuban dance music performance in the first part of the twentieth century before considering the mid twentieth-century developments. The text makes its argument for a distinctive New York sabor through interviews with performers and through the sensitive transcription and analysis of recordings by Orquesta Broadway, Pacheco y su Charanga, Charlie Palmieri’s Charanga Duboney, Eddie Palmieri’s La Perfecta, and Ray Barretto’s Charanga Moderna, amongst others. Analytical transcriptions of improvisations, in dialogue with musicians’ own perspectives, highlight a specific Latin music performance aesthetic or sabor that is rooted in both Cuban dance music forms and the rich performance culture of Latin New York.
Exile and Adaptation
Authors: Miller Sue
Published: September 2021

In this chapter Eddy Zervigón’s improvisation style is analyzed in-depth. Analyses of his recorded solos are combined here with interviews with Zervigón, providing his own perspectives on performing Cuban charanga in New York and internationally, from 1961 to the present day.
Charanguea’o En TÍpico
Authors: Miller Sue
Published: September 2021

This chapter looks at flute player George Castro’s improvisational style in this ‘trombanga’ [trombones and flute] line-up. This combines charanga and conjunto elements, providing the template for the New York ‘salsa dura’ [hard salsa] sound later developed by the likes of Willie Colón. Here Castro’s típico 5-key soloing style is compared to La Perfecta II’s 21st-century versions by Eddy Zervigón and Dave Valentín to further explore manifestations of cubanía, sabor, Latinidad, jazz inflection, and freer forms of extemporization. The legacy of Eddie Palmieri’s experimental approach is also evaluated here.
Letter to Gautam Gupta
Authors: Kang Eyvind
Published: September 2021

This chapter is in the form of a personal letter, allowing for reminiscences on travel and study, along with explorations of questions of cultural and diasporic identity, while at the same time investigating the vocabulary of Ornette Coleman’s Harmolodics as a possible structure for these questions. The text interrogates itself, describing itself as a “writing which shifts registers,” consistent with Harmolodics itself. The Harmolodic theory is expounded in a technical manner and given a novel interpretation which draws on the vocabulary and thought of the (non) philosopher Francois Laruelle.
Journey to Jah
Authors: Burkhart Benjamin
Published: September 2021

The aim of this chapter is to describe the discourse of internationalization in the German reggae scene. The chapter explores the way Jamaican artists are evaluated in Germany, the influences of Caribbean music on German artists, and some questions of “authenticity” and music in these transnational musical encounters. The author makes use of discourse analysis to explore the global dimension of (German) reggae.
Can’t Knock the Hustle
Authors: Vosen Callens Melissa
Published: September 2021

Chapter five explores how Stranger Things deviates from 1980s film. The chapter highlights what has happened to Gen X since the dataset was released, including their involvement in three key social media movements: the Occupy Wall Street Movement, the Me Too Movement, and the Black Lives Matter Movement. Gen X’s midlife experiences, just as the experiences of their youth, are both generated and articulated in popular culture, including Stranger Things. While Stranger Things reflects characteristics often assigned to Gen X youth, it also reflects Gen X’s growth and evolving thoughts on family, the economy, and the government.
The Letter of the Day is Ñ
Authors: Jiménez García Marilisa
Published: September 2021

This chapter presents the case of Sesame Street and its frank, cutting-edge performance of bilingual culture on children’s television for over 50 years, mainly through its creation of the lovable, instructional, Spanglish speaker “Maria,” conceived by show producers as a representation of urban Puerto Ricans. Sesame Street and children’s television, at this moment in the study, help to consider some of the limitations of youth literature, particularly when it comes to expressing bilingual culture, as opposed to television, a performance-based media. This is the only chapter-length study of Sonia Manzano’s performance and writing on the show as Maria for over 40 years, one of the first Latinas on a major US television show.
“Both in and Out of the Game, and Watching and Wondering at it”
Authors: Bursztajn-Illingworth Zoe
Published: September 2021

Contributor Bursztajn-Illingworth treats Lee’s montage as an example and critique of the Whitmanic montage tradition Sergei Eisenstein describes. Bursztajn-Illingworth turns to the response Langston Hughes’s poem “I, Too,” gives to Whitman, a poem that is as much a protest as it is a declaration. Bursztajn-Illingworth regards Hughes’ poem as a precursor to Lee’s opening montage. She relates Lee’s recurring use of direct-facing photographs of black subjects that constitute something of a formal portrait to Hughes’s moves that gives voice to those in America who may not otherwise have one. Bursztajn-Illingworth contends that Lee sets his portraits against an American landscape that refuses to give way to one experience. The land belongs to each of those Lee places in the center of his frame. In this way, Lee providing his audiences a sense of black presence in America, even if that presence stands outside the main narrative of the larger film.
Du refus de la représentation à son incarnation
Authors: Petitjean Clément
Published: September 2021

L’élection de Barack Obama à la Maison-Blanche en 2008 ne marque pas uniquement l’élection du « premier président noir » : il s’agit aussi de celle du premier ancien community organizer. Jusqu’alors relativement inconnue, la catégorie « community organizer » devient indissociable d’une trajectoire politique individuelle mythifiée. La politisation de la catégorie éclaire ainsi un phénomène peu étudié : l’intégration de l’espace du community organizing aux filières de recrutement des professionnel·les de la politique étatsunien·nes à tous les échelons institutionnels. Or, ce phénomène apparaît paradoxal : non seulement l’espace du community organizing s’est construit contre le champ politique comme un « contre-pouvoir citoyen », mais les professionnel·les de la mobilisation et de la représentation populaires que sont les community organizers refusent d’assurer le travail de porte-parolat politique, pris en charge par des « leaders » profanes qu’elles et ils forment et encadrent. Pour rendre raison de ce passage du refus de la représentation à son incarnation, l’article s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique menée à Chicago entre 2015 et 2018.
Combining Philosophical and Democratic Capability Lists
Authors: Östlund Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Political practices often aim to reach valuable outcomes through democratic processes. However, philosophical considerations and democratic deliberations sometimes support different conclusions about what a valuable outcome would be. This paper contributes to a research agenda that aims to reconcile recommendations that follow from these different bases. The setting for this research agenda is capabilitarian. It affirms the idea that what we should distribute are substantive freedoms to be and do things that people have reason to value. Disagreements about these valuable outcomes become particularly problematic in urgent situations such as pandemics, floods, and wildfires. These situations are urgent since they are time-sensitive and involve an impending loss of well-being. A method of compromise would help mitigate losses of well-being while respecting the aim of reaching valuable outcomes through democratic processes. I thus offer an equitable and decisive method of compromise that helps integrate philosophical considerations with democratic deliberations.
Educando al homo digitalis: el papel de la educación y del digcomedu para paliar los efectos de los algoritmos, las fake news, la polarización y falta de pensamiento crítico
Authors: Teba Fernández Eva
Published: September 2021

Las aulas de nuestras organizaciones educativas (escuelas, centros de secundaria y universidades) están habitadas por integrantes de las llamadas “generación de los millenials”, “generación Z” y “generación Alfa”, niños, adolescentes y jóvenes nacidos en una sociedad aumentada donde la tecnología y las redes sociales están omnipresentes y donde los algoritmos toman cada vez más decisiones o sesgan sus percepciones. El impacto que la hiperconexión y la corporeización de las tecnologías tiene en sus vidas alcanza diversos grados, dependiendo de la generación a la que pertenezcan, pero puede causar serias disfunciones psicológicas, relacionales y dilemas éticos. Además, la generalización de las tecnologías en el mundo educativo nos está llevando, por un lado, a nuevas formas de poder y control de la sociedad, pero también a nuevas brechas de exclusión. ¿Qué papel ha de cumplir la educación en este escenario? ¿La formación inicial y permanente de los docentes está atendiendo estas cuestiones? El artículo revisa estas cuestiones y propone un escenario formativo que parte del DigComEdu, el Marco Europeo para la Competencia Digital de los Educadores.
The Roles of Basolateral Amygdala Parvalbumin Neurons in Fear Learning
Authors: Yau Joanna Oi-Yue , Chaichim Chanchanok , Power John M. , McNally Gavan P.
Published: September 2021

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is obligatory for fear learning. This learning is linked to BLA excitatory projection neurons whose activity is regulated by complex networks of inhibitory interneurons, dominated by parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic neurons. The roles of these GABAergic interneurons in learning to fear and learning not to fear, activity profiles of these interneurons across the course of fear learning, and whether or how these change across the course of learning all remain poorly understood. Here, we used PV cell-type-specific recording and manipulation approaches in male transgenic PV-Cre rats during pavlovian fear conditioning to address these issues. We show that activity of BLA PV neurons during the moments of aversive reinforcement controls fear learning about aversive events, but activity during moments of nonreinforcement does not control fear extinction learning. Furthermore, we show expectation-modulation of BLA PV neurons during fear learning, with greater activity to an unexpected than expected aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). This expectation-modulation was specifically because of BLA PV neuron sensitivity to aversive prediction error. Finally, we show that BLA PV neuron function in fear learning is conserved across these variations in prediction error. We suggest that aversive prediction-error modulation of PV neurons could enable BLA fear-learning circuits to retain selectivity for specific sensory features of aversive USs despite variations in the strength of US inputs, thereby permitting the rapid updating of fear associations when these sensory features change.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe capacity to learn about sources of danger in the environment is essential for survival. This learning depends on complex microcircuitries of inhibitory interneurons in the basolateral amygdala. Here, we show that parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in the rat basolateral amygdala are important for fear learning during moments of danger, but not for extinction learning during moments of safety, and that the activity of these neurons is modulated by expectation of danger. This may enable fear-learning circuits to retain selectivity for specific aversive events across variations in expectation, permitting the rapid updating of learning when aversive events change.
Metaplastic Reinforcement of Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampal Area CA2 by Cholinergic Receptor Activation
Authors: Benoy Amrita , Bin Ibrahim Mohammad Zaki , Behnisch Thomas , Sajikumar Sreedharan
Published: September 2021

Hippocampal CA2, an inconspicuously positioned area between the well-studied CA1 and CA3 subfields, has captured research interest in recent years because of its role in social memory formation. However, the role of cholinergic inputs to the CA2 area for the regulation of synaptic plasticity remains to be fully understood. We show that cholinergic receptor activation with the nonselective cholinergic agonist, carbachol (CCh), triggers a protein synthesis-dependent and NMDAR-independent long-term synaptic depression (CCh-LTD) at entorhinal cortical (EC)-CA2 and Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA2 synapses in the hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats. The activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) is critical for the induction of CCh-LTD with the results suggesting an involvement of M3 and M1 mAChRs in the early facilitation of CCh-LTD, while nicotinic AChR activation plays a role in the late maintenance of CCh-LTD at CA2 synapses. Remarkably, we find that CCh priming lowers the threshold for the subsequent induction of persistent long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission at EC-CA2 and the plasticity-resistant SC-CA2 pathways. The effects of such a cholinergic-dependent synaptic depression on subsequent LTP at EC-CA2 and SC-CA2 synapses have not been previously explored. Collectively, the results demonstrate that CA2 synaptic learning rules are regulated in a metaplastic manner, whereby modifications triggered by prior cholinergic stimulation can dictate the outcome of future plasticity events. Moreover, the reinforcement of LTP at EC inputs to CA2 following the priming stimulus coexists with concurrent sustained CCh-LTD at the SC-CA2 pathway and is dynamically scaled by modulation of SC-CA2 synaptic transmission.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe release of the neuromodulator acetylcholine is critically involved in processes of hippocampus-dependent memory formation. Cholinergic afferents originating in the medial septum and diagonal bands of Broca terminating in the hippocampal area CA2 might play an important role in the modulation of area-specific synaptic plasticity. Our findings demonstrate that cholinergic receptor activation induces an LTD of synaptic transmission at entorhinal cortical- and Schaffer collateral-CA2 synapses. This cholinergic activation-mediated LTD displays a bidirectional metaplastic switch to LTP on a future timescale. This suggests that such bidirectional synaptic modifications triggered by the dynamic modulation of tonic cholinergic receptor activation may support the formation of CA2-dependent memories given the increased hippocampal cholinergic tone during active wakefulness observed in exploratory behavior.
The effects of economic anxiety on affective occupational commitment: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion
Authors: Benligiray Serap , Yetgin Duygu
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine whether emotional exhaustion has a mediating role in the effect of economic anxiety of tour guides on their affective occupational commitment. The research sample included 370 tour guides in Turkey. The data were collected through the questionnaire method. The collected data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 22 and Process v3.3 macro extension. The mediating role of emotional exhaustion between economic anxiety and affective occupational commitment was calculated via the Bootstrapping procedure. It was found that there was a weak negative relationship between economic anxiety and affective occupational commitment, a positive relationship between economic anxiety and emotional exhaustion, and a negative relationship between affective occupational commitment and emotional exhaustion. Thus, emotional exhaustion reduces affective occupational commitment levels, and emotional exhaustion has a partial mediating role between economic anxiety and affective occupational commitment. This study is expected to raise awareness in tour guides, attract those who employ tour guides, and contribute to the relevant literature.
Turizmde sürdürülebilirlik göstergeleri: Otel işletmeleri yöneticileri üzerine bir uygulama
Authors: Tamer Elif Tuba , Mısırdalı Yangil Fulya
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı otel işletmeleri yöneticilerinin sürdürülebilir turizme bakış açılarının incelenerek otel işletmelerindeki sürdürülebilirlik algısının tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmanın verileri sosyal, ekonomik, çevresel, kültürel, politik ve teknolojik sürdürülebilirlik boyutlarını ve bu boyutların alt bileşenlerini içeren ikili karşılaştırmalar şeklinde hazırlanan bir anket çalışmasıyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada Bodrum’da faaliyette bulunan beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerindeki yöneticilerden elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda, yöneticilerin algılarına göre öncelik sırası en yüksek boyutun çevresel sürdürülebilirlik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer sürdürülebilirlik boyutları da sırasıyla, ekonomik, kültürel, teknolojik, politik ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.  Bu çalışma önemli bir paydaş grubu olan otel işletmelerinin sürdürülebilirlik algılarının tespit edilmesi ve sürdürülebilirlik boyutlarının önceliklendirmesi açısından yol gösterici bir çalışma olmaktadır. Çalışma bulgularına göre, birçok alanda olduğu gibi turizm alanında da sürdürülebilirlik, genel olarak çevresel sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Bu durum turizmin çevreyle olan karşılıklı ilişkisinin bir sonucudur.
Yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinde ekonomik karmaşıklık ve ticarî dışa açıklık ilişkisi
Authors: İspiroğlu Ferhat
Published: September 2021

Ekonomik karmaşıklık üretilen ürünlerin özelliklerini ülke bazında bütünsel bir ölçümünün sağlanmasını amaçlayan yeni bir kavramdır. Bu kavram ülkelerin üretim yapılarını göstermesinin yanında ülkeler arası gelir ve gelişmişlik farklılıklarını da açıklamaya yardımcı olmaktadır. Ticarî dışa açıklık ise genellikle toplam dış ticaret hacminin GSYH’ye oranı şeklinde hesaplanmakta ve dış ticaretin serbestlik boyutunu ölçmede kullanılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda gerek ekonomik karmaşıklık gerekse ticarî dışa açıklık kavramları ülke ekonomilerinin küresel düzeydeki konumu hakkında bilgi veren önemli göstergelerdir. Çalışmada 1995-2017 dönemi için 16 yükselen piyasa ekonomisi üzerinde ekonomik karmaşıklık ve ticarî dışa açıklık arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Dumitrescu ve Hurlin panel nedensellik testi sonucunda ekonomik karmaşıklıktan ticarî dışa açıklığa doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanılmazken, ticarî dışa açıklıktan ekonomik karmaşıklığa doğru nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
The effect of OHS costs on accident severity rate in the construction industry
Authors: Olcay Zeynep Feride , Ünkaya Gülümser , Dursun Gunay Deniz
Published: September 2021

Due to its dynamic nature, rapid technology change, uneducated employees, harsh working conditions, many work accidents, and heavy consequences of accidents, occupational health and safety (OHS) practices are essential in the construction industry. However, occupational Health and Safety measures in the construction industry come with additional costs. Therefore, employers who have to bear a cost to take OHS measures may consider OHS costs unnecessary without considering the costs they will bear after work accidents and occupational diseases. This research aims to estimate the optimal costs of OHS budgets to reduce the number of accidents with lost time injury and whether the carried costs for occupational health and safety in the construction industry impact the lost time injuries. Therefore, OHS costs in the construction industry are grouped into eight categories: fire, work equipment, electricity, health, personal protective equipment, general equipment, training and occupational health and safety service costs. This research is based on the standard unit costs set for the 8 OHS criteria required by the OHS laws, accident severity rates and actual unit costs that the projects have carried for five years for the construction of 15 buildings with 220.000 m2- 500.000 m2 indoor space which is located in Istanbul Turkey, started in 2013 and completed in 2017. Since the research was conducted before January 1, 2020, there is no requirement for an ethics committee permission document. According to the research results, as the costs of occupational health and safety services, fire and training increased, accident severity rates has decreased. However, the impact of other variables on accident severity rates was not statistically significant. Thus, construction enterprises that want to decrease the accident severity rates in their projects need to emphasise occupational health and safety services, fire, and training criteria.