bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies Employed by Restaurants in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya to Survive the Impacts of Pandemic
Authors: Edneil John A. Alaman, , Mae Caresse B. Aquino, Goldwyne , Tristan Jay C. Cabreros, , Frances D. Caluya, Chrystene , John Raphael Jovinal, , Desiree E. Roldan,
Published: June 2024

Despite the challenges presented by COVID-19, the crisis became a threat and an opportunity for food entrepreneurs. For them to thrive, the use of marketing strategies is a must. The strategies they apply to attract customers, not only locally but internationally, interest and intrigue the researchers. This research led to knowing the strategies employed by restaurants located in Nueva Vizcaya, Especially on the two well-known restaurants in Bayombong and Bambang. The researchers utilized a qualitative approach and a two-part interview guide was used. Results showed that both restaurants mentioned that the pandemic played a huge role in their struggles in operation, sales, marketing, and source of suppliers. They also mentioned that social media as their marketing tool became their benefit regardless of the crisis, along with coordinating third-party delivery applications. The study showed that the challenges were derived from the informants’ experiences. There were still difficulties, such as a slow and low inflow of cash, lack of operations management skills and facilities for marketing, bargaining power of the suppliers, quality service, expenses and bills incurred, and management of employees. The informants then recommended that for marketing strategy, complex options and delivery schemes of products and contingency plans in sales are recommended to prevent any other difficulties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Operación Sodoma
Authors: Duncan Cruz Gustavo Roberto
Published: June 2024

En un relato directo, el autor hace un agudo análisis de la trascendencia de la Operación Sodoma, que eliminó al Comandante del Bloque Oriental y uno de los militares más importantes para la guerrilla de las FARC: Victor Julio Suárez 'Mono Jojoy: A partir de hechos, hilvanados uno a uno, el autor construye una visión global sustentado en cuatro puntos temáticos: el contexto histórico, la coyuntura de las Fuerzas Militares, la situación de la guerrilla de las FARC y el peso específico de Jojoy en esa organización. Estas páginas recogen el triunfo y el ocaso de un hombre, de un grupo guerrillero y en el sentido contrario, de unas Fuerzas Militares que lograron superar viejos modelos de operación para adaptarse de tal manera que sus golpes propiciaron nuevos equilibrios de fuerza entre el Estado y la guerrilla. Una situación que no dejó más opciones a los líderes de las FARC que comprometerse en una negociación de paz.
A Practical Guide to Planning an Engagement Strategy for your Global Health Research funding application
Authors: Davies Alun , Latchem Helen , Mamela Abraham , Dixit Himali , Salum Sheikha , Arias Soto Luis Felipe
Published: June 2024

This Mesh practical guide outlines how to plan a Community Engagement and Involvement (CEI*) strategy for a grant application. The guide describes how many global health funding agencies demand that CEI is fully integrated into any proposed research and it outlines some ways of engaging communities and relevant stakeholders whilst preparing a funding application. It also describes what to include in a thoughtful and appropriate engagement strategy that is integrated into research.
Communities as Connectors: South Asia Sanitation Workers and Labour Network
Authors: Iqbal Sarah Hyder
Published: June 2024

Knowledge is empowering and transformative. However, the power relations that exist in society influence how knowledge is acknowledged and mainstreamed. This narrative case study documents the grassroots organisation South Asia Sanitation Workers and Labour Network (SASLN)'s transformative efforts to integrate marginalised knowledge and perspectives into mainstream research and policy sectors in order to improve the health and well-being of the sanitation worker community.
From Classroom to Research: Primary school students as Citizen Scientists in Health research in Sudan
Authors: Abdelrahman Nada G.
Published: June 2024

While planning my graduate project, i felt that it would be important that my work contributed to building the capacity of children both in science and health. In addition to my background in Medical Laboratory Sciences, I worked as a trainee in a research institute and regularly visited research institutes in my area where I talked to researchers in my field. At times I was frustrated that researchers' work often feels far removed from the community. I envision a world where researchers are able to share their knowledge and valuable experience with the community, particularly children.
Decentralized Energy Trading in Smart Grids: A Blockchain-Based Framework for Efficiency and Transparency
Authors: Hammouti Iliass , Addaim Adnane , Guennoun Zouhair
Published: June 2024

As the world increasingly adopts renewable energy, the importance of smart grids grows. Integrating renewable sources into the current grid presents technical and economic challenges. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution by enabling decentralized energy trading, allowing efficient exchanges between producers and consumers. This paper proposes a detailed framework for integrating blockchain into the smart grid. The framework includes developing a blockchain-based platform for energy trading, creating smart contracts to manage and automate transactions, and incorporating IoT devices for energy data collection and sharing. By leveraging blockchain's transparency, security, and decentralization, our proposed system aims to address inefficiencies and foster a more resilient energy infrastructure. This approach could enhance the sustainability and reliability of energy distribution, supporting the transition to renewable sources. We believe our framework has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and sustainability of the smart grid, paving the way for a more robust and adaptive energy system capable of meeting future demands.
Psicología de la oprimida
Authors: Maroney Terry A. , Trejos Leda M.
Published: June 2024

Análisis psicosocial de dos mujeres refugiadas salvadoreñas, explorando sus reacciones psicologicas ante la experiencia de refugiadas, y enfocando de modo particular el factor femenino. El artículo incluye el testimonio directo de ambas mujeres refugiadas, obtenido en una serie de entrevistas abiertas, y la interacción informal en un periodo de dos meses en los cuales la autora vivió en la comunidad de refugiados. Se analiza primero la experiencia de cada refugiada y luego se comparan ambas experiencias. En la conclusión se hacen algunas reflexiones sobre su estado psicológico y las experiencias personales de la autora durante la investigación.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 43, No. 480, 1988: 911-925.
La masacre de San Sebastián ; Condena de la comunidad internacional
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: June 2024

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 43, No. 480, 1988: 977-991.
Kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành và một số yếu tố liên quan đến thói quen đọc nhãn mác thực phẩm của người dân xã Cấp Tiến, huyện Tiên Lãng, thành phố Hải Phòng năm 2023
Authors: Long Vũ Đức , Lâm Ngô Tùng , Linh Đỗ Thị , Thắm Nguyễn Thị , Đức Cáp Minh
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 400 người dân đang sinh sống tại xã Cấp Tiến, huyện Tiên Lãng, thành phố Hải Phòng từ tháng 12 năm 2022 đến tháng 08 năm 2023 nhằm mô tả thực trạng kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành và một số yếu tố liên quan đến thói quen đọc nhãn mác thực phẩm của người dân. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy 26,3% người dân nghe nói về thông tin nhãn mác thực phẩm qua nhân viên y tế. Tỷ lệ người dân cho rằng việc đọc nhãn mác thực phẩm là rất cần thiết chiếm 30,7%; 42,5% người dân cho rằng hạn sử dụng là thông tin cần thiết trên nhãn thực phẩm; 30,0% khá tin tưởng vào nhãn mác thực phẩm. Khi mua thực phẩm, tỷ lệ người trả lời thường xuyên và luôn đọc nhãn thực phẩm lần lượt là 36,0% và 9,0%. Một số yếu tố liên quan đến thực hành đọc nhãn mác thực phẩm như trình độ học vấn trên trung học phổ thông (OR = 3,07; 95%CI: 1,27 - 7,4), người dân cho rằng cần thiết đọc nhãn mác trước khi mua (OR = 3,32; 95%CI: 2,10 - 5,26), ưu tiên mua thực phẩm có nhãn mác (OR = 2,32; 95%CI 1,51 - 3,55), tin tưởng vào nhãn mác thực phẩm (OR = 10,65; 95%CI: 6,57 - 17,27), và kiến thức về dinh dưỡng (OR = 1,79; 95%CI: 1,09 - 2,95).
Thực trạng và một số yếu tố liên quan tới bệnh lý hô hấp của lao động nuôi trồng thủy sản khu vực ven biển Hải Phòng năm 2022 – 2023
Authors: Tâm Nguyễn Văn , Chi Trần Thị Quỳnh
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện thông qua khám lâm sàng, chụp XQ lồng ngực, phỏng vấn trực tiếp 1220 lao động nuôi trồng thủy sản khu vực ven biển Hải Phòng nhằm mô tả thực trạng và một số yếu tố liên quan tới bệnh lý hô hấp. Bệnh lý hô hấp được phân loại dựa theo bảng phân loại bệnh tật quốc tế ICD – 10 (chương X, mã bệnh: J00 – J99). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: Viêm mũi dị ứng (19,0%), viêm họng mạn (13,2%); viêm họng cấp (7,7%); hen phế quản (6,1%); viêm phế quản và tiểu phế quản (5,5%); viêm thanh quản và viêm thanh khí quản mạn tính (4,5%); bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính (4,5%). Một số yếu tố liên quan tới bệnh lý hô hấp: Thường xuyên cho hải sản ăn (OR = 1,51; 95%CI: 1,13 - 2,11); thường xuyên cải tạo ao đầm (OR = 1,78; 95%: 1,25 - 2,55), tuổi nghề ≥ 10 năm (OR = 1,64; 95%CI:1,11 - 2,45), hút thuốc lá (OR = 2,79; 95%CI: 2,21 - 3,54). Lao động nuôi trồng thủy sản cần thường xuyên đeo khẩu trang trong khi cải tạo ao đầm, cho hải sản ăn để phòng tránh các bệnh lý hô hấp.
Tổng quan cập nhật về quản lý và điều trị nghe kém ở trẻ em
Authors: Thanh Đặng
Published: June 2024

Nghe kém ở trẻ em cần phải được phát hiện và chẩn đoán sớm, quản lý và điều trị sớm; nếu không có thể dẫn đến chậm phát triển lời nói, ngôn ngữ, giao tiếp và nhận thức. Quản lý nghe kém ở trẻ em được trình bày theo độ tuổi và mức độ nghe kém của trẻ. Điều trị nghe kém ở trẻ em bao gồm hai phần chính là phục hồi chức năng nghe bằng điều trị nội khoa và/hoặc ngoại khoa và các thiết bị trợ thính gồm máy trợ thính đường khí, máy trợ thính đường xương, máy trợ thính cấy ghép tai giữa, cấy ốc tai điện tử, cấy điện cực thân não và các thiết bị nghe hỗ trợ chẳng hạn như những hệ thống microphone tách biệt kỹ thuật số; mỗi loại thiết bị trợ thính được đề cập cơ chế hoạt động, chỉ định áp dụng, đánh giá sự thích hợp và hiệu quả theo định kỳ.
Đánh giá bước đầu thay thế xương bàn đạp bằng prothesis điều trị xốp xơ tai qua nội soi tại Bệnh viện Tai Mũi Họng Sài Gòn, 2015 - 2023
Authors: Tri Trương Kim , Trung Đinh Tiến , Hà Nguyễn Ngọc
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu, được thực hiện trên 13 bệnh nhân (15 tai) nhằm mô tả kết quả bước đầu nội soi thay thế xương bàn đạp điều trị xốp xơ tai, lựa chọn phương pháp can thiệp đế đạp tại Bệnh viện Tai Mũi Họng Sài Gòn. Kết quả cho thấy về giới tính (1:2.25), nữ 69,23%; tuổi: 20 - 45 (76,92%). Vị trí tổn thương: 2 bên (84,62%); ù tai trước/sau mổ: 80%/ 25% (cải thiện 75%). Kỹ thuật mở cửa sổ nhỏ 73,33%, lấy toàn bộ đế đạp 20%, lấy bán phần đế đạp 6,67%. Loại trụ dẫn chủ yếu là nhựa fluoroplastic (73,33%) của Medtronic. Thính lực sau mổ cho thấy sức nghe trung bình cải thiện trung bình 24,24 dB; khoảng cách đường khí - đường xương (ABG) thu hẹp trung bình 19,33dB; cải thiện ABG cao ở tần số 500Hz và 1000Hz là 27,5dB và 25,7dB, 90% ABG < 20 dB (70% ABG 11 - 20dB). Ngưỡng nghe đường xương cải thiện trung bình 4,95dB (tần số 2000Hz cải thiện cao nhất, 8,1dB). Biến chứng chóng mặt nặng sau mổ 13,33% (2 trường hợp lấy đế đạp). Thay thế xương bàn đạp là phương pháp phẫu thuật hiệu quả trong điều trị xốp xơ tai giúp cải thiện thính lực tốt, thời gian mổ và thời gian nằm viện ngắn. Mở cửa sổ nhỏ góp phần hạn chế chóng mặt sau mổ.
Performance of Linear Algebra Factorization in Multi-Accelerator Architectures
Authors:   Institute for Informatics and Automation Problems of NAS RA, Gichunts Edita E.
Published: June 2024

Hardware and software are required to effectively solve problems in many domains. The idea of creating a hybrid architecture based on graphics processors arose to meet the increasing demands of modern scientific problems. Most of these problems are reduced to solving linear algebra problems. A set of efficient linear solutions has been successfully used to solve important scientific problems for many years. Factorizations play a crucial role in solving linear algebra problems. This work presents implementations of LU, QR and Cholesky factorizations on two graphics processors using the MAGMA 2.6.0 library. Their performances are given for matrices with real and complex numbers in single and double precision.
Mécanique des tissus vivants
Authors: Laurent Cédric , Verdier Claude
Published: June 2024

En dépit de leurs nombreux points communs (comportement mécanique, structure multi-échelle, caractères évolutif et vivant, etc.), les tissus qui constituent le corps humain possèdent chacun des particularités liées à leur fonction. Celles-ci nécessitent de développer des méthodes dédiées, à la fois expérimentales, théoriques et numériques.L’ouvrage collaboratif Mécanique des tissus vivants dresse un état des lieux des plus récentes approches développées dans le but d’étudier le comportement biomécanique de ces tissus mous, afin d’en comprendre la structure et le comportement apparent. À travers les différents chapitres, des tissus spécifiques sont analysés dans le but de développer des solutions répondant aux problématiques cliniques rencontrées.Des conclusions sont esquissées à propos des méthodes futures qui permettront d’améliorer l’état de connaissance actuel du comportement de ces tissus vivants, afin notamment de prédire l’effet d’une pathologie ou d’un acte médical sur leurs propriétés apparentes.
Comparison of the LEO and CPMA-SP2 techniques for black-carbon mixing-state measurements
Authors: Naseri Arash , Corbin Joel C. , Olfert Jason S.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. It is necessary to measure the mixing states of light-absorbing carbon (LAC) particles to reduce uncertainties in climate forcing due to particulate from wildfires and biomass combustion. For refractory LAC (normally called refractory black carbon; rBC), such measurements can be made using the single particle soot photometer (SP2). The SP2 measures the incandescent mass of individual particles heated by a 1064 nm laser. The SP2 also monitors single-particle light scattering from rBC plus internally mixed material (e.g., coatings of volatile particulate matter). rBC mixing states can be estimated from SP2 measurements by combining the scattering and incandescence signals. This is the basis of the published methods known as (i) scattering–incandescence lag-time, (ii) leading-edge only (LEO), and (iii) normalized derivative methods. More recently, the tandem centrifugal particle mass analyzer–single particle soot photometer (CPMA-SP2) method has been developed. The CPMA-SP2 method does not rely on the SP2 scattering signals and, therefore truly measures the rBC mass fraction, with no assumptions regarding particle composition or morphology. In this study, we provide the first quantitative comparison of the light-scattering and CPMA-SP2 methods for measuring mixing state. We discuss the upper and lower limits of detection (in terms of both rBC and coatings), temporal resolution, role of counting statistics, and errors associated with the measurements. We use a data set of atmospheric particles sampled at a regional background site (Kamloops about 350 km northeast of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada), where the majority of rBC was emitted by seasonal wildfires. In the overall comparison of measurement methods, the CPMA-SP2 method is found to have significantly better systematic uncertainties than the light-scattering methods for wildfire smoke. For example, the light-scattering methods could not quantify coatings on half of the rBC particles, because their light-scattering signals were below the SP2 detection limit. Consequently, the bias in SP2-only estimates of rBC mixing states depends on the size distribution of the rBC particles. Although more accurate, CPMA-SP2 measurements require significantly more time to acquire, whereas SP2-only light-scattering analyses (both LEO and lag-time) can provide near real-time qualitative information representing large rBC particles.
Plutonium concentrations link soil organic matter decline to wind erosion in ploughed soils of South Africa
Authors: Mohren Joel , Wiesel Hendrik , Amelung Wulf , Fifield L. Keith , Sandhage-Hofmann Alexandra , Strub Erik , Binnie Steven A. , Heinze Stefan , Kotze Elmarie , Du Preez Chris , Tims Stephen G. , Dunai Tibor J.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Losses of soil organic matter (SOM) from arable land poses a serious threat to soil fertility and crop yields, and thwarts efforts to conserve soils as carbon sinks to mitigate global warming. Wind erosion can be a major factor in the redistribution of soil fines including SOM, but assessments of its impact have typically been limited by short observation periods of a few years at most. Longer timeframes, extending back to the mid 20th century, may however be probed using the concentrations of radionuclides that were globally distributed by nuclear weapon tests conducted 1950s and early 1960s. The basic concept is that differences in fallout radionuclide (FRN) activities between undisturbed and arable soils can be used to infer soil particle redistribution. In the present work, we have measured activities of 137Cs and 239+240Pu in soils from three agricultural regions of the plains of the South African Highveld. The three regions represent distinct agroecosystems and within each region the temporal length of cultivation varies from zero (i.e., native grassland) to almost 100 years. The sampled plots did not show any evidence of fluvial erosion, allowing the contribution of wind erosion to the loss of soil fines, including SOM, to be investigated. For the cultivated soils, radionuclide activities are found to be less than in adjacent native grassland, and the magnitude of the reduction is strongly correlated with the duration of cultivation. Specifically, the original concentrations of both 137Cs and 239+240Pu are approximately halved after ~25–45 years of cropping. The initial rate loss relative to the undisturbed soils is, however, considerably higher, with ~6 % yr-1 recorded during the first year after native grassland is converted to arable land. We correlate our radionuclide data with previously published SOM contents from the same sampled material and find that the radionuclides are an excellent indicator of SOM decline at the sites we investigate. We conclude that wind erosion can exert a dominant control on SOM loss in arable land of South Africa and by implication at comparable settings on Earth.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania
Authors: Maxey Johnathan D. , Hartstein Neil D. , Bange Hermann W. , Müller Mortiz
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Fjord-like estuaries are hotspots of biogeochemical cycling due to steep physicochemical gradients. The spatiotemporal distribution of nitrous oxide (N2O) within many of these systems is poorly described, especially in the southern hemisphere. The goal of this study is to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of N2O within a southern hemisphere fjord-like estuary, describe the main environmental drivers of this distribution, the air/sea flux of N2O, and the main drivers of N2O production. Cruises were undertaken in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania to capture N2O concentrations and water column physicochemical profiles in winter (July 2022), spring (October 2022), summer (February 2023), and autumn (April 2023). N2O samples were collected at one depth at system end members, and at 5 depths at 4 stations within the harbour. Results indicate that N2O is consistently supersaturated (reaching 170 % saturation) below the system’s freshwater lens where oxygen concentrations are often hypoxic, but infrequently anoxic. In the surface lens, levels of N2O saturation vary with estimated river flow and with proximity to the system’s main freshwater endmember. The linear relationship between AOU and ΔN2O saturation indicates that nitrification is the process generating N2O in the system. When river flow was high (July and October 2022), surface water N2O was undersaturated (as low as 70 %) throughout most of the harbour. When river flow was low (February and April 2023) N2O was observed to be supersaturated at most stations. Calculated air/sea fluxes of N2O indicated that the system is generally a source of N2O to the atmosphere under weak river flow conditions and a sink during strong river flow conditions. The diapycnal flux was a minor contributor to surface water N2O concentrations, and subhalocline N2O is intercepted by the riverine surface lens and transported out of the system to the ocean during strong river flow conditions. In a changing climate, Western Tasmania is expected to receive higher winter rainfall and lower summer rainfall which may augment the source and sink dynamics of this system by enhancing the summer / autumn efflux of N2O to the atmosphere. This study is the first to report observations of N2O distribution, generation processes, and estimated diapycnal / surface N2O fluxes from this system.
Ocean carbon sink assessment via temperature and salinity data assimilation into a global ocean biogeochemistry model
Authors: Bunsen Frauke , Hauck Judith , Nerger Lars , Torres-Valdés Sinhué
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Global ocean biogeochemistry models are frequently used to derive a comprehensive estimate of the global ocean carbon uptake. These models are designed to represent the most important processes of the ocean carbon cycle, but the idealized process representation and uncertainties in the initialization of model variables lead to errors in their predictions. Here, observations of ocean physics (temperature and salinity) are assimilated into the ocean biogeochemistry model FESOM-REcoM over the period 2010–2020 to study the effect on the air-sea CO2 flux and other biogeochemical variables. While the free running model already represents temperature and salinity rather well, the assimilation further improves it and hence influences the modeled ecosystem and CO2 fluxes. The assimilation has mainly regional effects on the air-sea CO2 flux, with the largest imprint of assimilation in the Southern Ocean during winter. South of 50° S, winter CO2 outgassing is reduced and thus the mean CO2 uptake increases by 0.18 Pg C yr-1 through the assimilation. Other particularly strong regional effects on the air-sea CO2 flux are located in the area of the North Atlantic Current. Yet, the effect on the global ocean carbon uptake is a comparatively small increase by 0.05 Pg C yr-1 induced by the assimilation, yielding a global mean uptake of 2.78 Pg C yr-1 for the period 2010–2020.
Hector V3.2.0: functionality and performance of a reduced-complexity climate model
Authors: Dorheim Kalyn , Gering Skylar , Gieseke Robert , Hartin Corinne , Pressburger Leeya , Shiklomanov Alexey N. , Smith Steven J. , Tebaldi Claudia , Woodard Dawn L. , Bond-Lamberty Ben
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Hector is an open-source reduced-complexity climate–carbon cycle model that models critical Earth system processes on a global and annual basis. Here, we present an updated version of the model, Hector V3.2.0 (hereafter Hector V3), and document its new features, implementation of new science, and performance. Significant new features include permafrost thaw, a reworked energy balance submodel, and updated parameterizations throughout. Hector V3 results are in good general agreement with historical observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global mean surface temperature, and the future temperature projections from Hector V3 are consistent with more complex Earth system model output data from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. We show that Hector V3 is a flexible, performant, robust, and fully open-source simulator of global climate changes. We also note its limitations and discuss future areas for improvement and research with respect to the model's scientific, stakeholder, and educational priorities.
Mapping Soil Erosion Classes using Remote Sensing Data and Ensemble Models
Authors: Oraegbu Ayomide , Jolaiya Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Soil loss by water erosion is projected to increase by 13 – 22.5% in the European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK) by 2050, leading to loss of cultivable land and soil structure degradation. Accurate mapping of soil erosion is crucial for identifying vulnerable areas and implementing sustainable land management practices. In this study, we introduce machine learning (ML) models to map soil erosion, leveraging their capabilities in categorical mapping. Unlike previous applications that primarily mapped the absence or presence of a soil erosion class, we propose an ensemble strategy using three ML ensemble models (CatBoost, LightGBM, XGBoost) with remote sensing data to map four classes of soil erosion (i.e No Gully/badland, Gully, Badland, Land-slides). The proposed model effectively captures spatiotemporal variations over Europe in the period of 2000 – 2022, with particular precision in mapping Land-slides. The proposed method advances soil erosion mapping across different spatial and temporal scales particularly in the EU, contributing to the development of targeted conservation strategies and sustainable land management practices.
An open early-warning system prototype for managing and studying algal blooms in Lake Lugano
Authors: Strigaro Daniele , Capelli Camilla , Cannata Massimiliano
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Lake Lugano is increasingly experiencing new processes and dynamics due to the combined effects of climate change and human activities. In recent years, abnormal phenomena of algal proliferation, known as Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), have appeared on the lake. Particularly in 2023, after several critical events, public awareness of this issue has risen, as it can potentially impact socio-economic aspects related to the use of this locally important water resource. In this study, we aim to share the development process of a monitoring system designed to promptly inform about the increase in concentration levels, thereby initiating a protocol to support decision-makers. This system, based on open-source and cost-effective devices, is designed to gather information on these blooms, which pose potential toxicity risks to humans and animals. The system uses a Raspberry Pi connected to a Trilux fluorimeter, measuring algal pigments and transmitting data via NB-IoT. The data is processed using istSOS software, stored locally, and transmitted to a data warehouse. Alerts are set up based on phycocyanin (PC) levels, indicating cyanobacterial biomass and potential microcystin toxicity. The open-source nature of the system allows for easy replication and expansion, aiding decision-makers and researchers, and increasing citizen awareness.
Towards automation of river water surface detection
Authors: Conversi Stefano , Carrion Daniela , Gioia Francesco , Norcini Alessandra , Riva Monica
Published: June 2024

Abstract. European rivers are increasingly impacted by frequent and lasting dry periods, with consequences on jeopardized ecosystems and local economies. Tools for monitoring the evolution of such impacts may be profitable exploited by public administration to assess environmental conditions and draw safeguard policies. This work presents the evolution of a methodology which integrates optical and radar imagery, by Copernicus Sentinel constellations, to map river water surfaces. Despite the base methodology being developed as a man-supervised classification, with necessity for the user to manually define training polygons, the proposed advancements will allow the system to automate training sample extraction. The process is based on the realization of binary masks, originated by processing optical and radar imagery with a BMax Otsu algorithm for image segmentation. The masks are then furtherly refined to obtain a reliable set of classified pixels, from which the training samples are extracted. A sensitivity analysis is performed for assessing the optimal amount of pixels to be considered, with respect to the total area of interest. Furthermore, the performances of several Machine Learning supervised classification algorithms are compared, leading to the selection of the best algorithm to be considered for future developments of the methodology.
Advancing water productivity monitoring: WaPLUGIN for the analysis and validation of FAO WaPOR data in QGIS
Authors: Dhonthi Akshay , Fonseca Aponte Fabian Humberto , Nemer Zoubida , Hadj Ali Célia , Tebbouche Mohamed Yacine , Van Der Kwast Hans
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The FAO WaPOR (Water Productivity Open Access Portal) is a significant initiative developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It provides extensive datasets derived from remote sensing, specifically aimed at monitoring water productivity in agriculture. The primary goal of WaPOR is to enhance water use efficiency and promote sustainable agricultural practices globally. Given the importance of this datasets and with the objective to streamline access to the datasets for users, we have developed WaPLUGIN. WaPLUGIN is a QGIS plugin designed to help users easily retrieve WaPOR datasets directly into QGIS environment and enables the computation of various performance metrics that are useful to assess efficiency of the irrigation schemes. This plugin is a useful tool which helps users and stakeholders to focus on the interpretation of the datasets and make subsequent decisions. The plugin also helps to download and process the WaPOR data.
Mapping and characterization of avalanches on mountain glaciers with Sentinel-1 satellite imagery
Authors: Kneib Marin , Dehecq Amaury , Brun Fanny , Karbou Fatima , Charrier Laurane , Leinss Silvan , Wagnon Patrick , Maussion Fabien
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Avalanches are important contributors to the mass balance of glaciers located in mountain ranges with steep topographies. Avalanches result in localized over-accumulation that is seldom accounted for in glacier models due to the difficulty of quantifying this contribution, let alone the occurrence of avalanches in these remote regions. Here, we developed an approach to semi-automatically map avalanche deposits over long time periods and at scales of multiple glaciers, utilizing imagery from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This approach performs particularly well for scenes acquired in winter and in the morning but can also be used to identify avalanche events throughout the year. We applied this method to map 16 302 avalanche deposits over a period of 5 years at a 6 to 12 d interval over the Mt Blanc massif (European Alps), the Everest (central Himalaya) region, and the Hispar (Karakoram) region. These three survey areas are all characterized by steep mountain slopes but also present contrasting climatic characteristics. Our results enable the identification of avalanche hotspots on these glaciers and allow us to quantify the avalanche activity and its spatio-temporal variability across the three regions. The avalanche deposits are preferentially located at lower elevations relative to the hypsometry of the glacierized catchments and are also constrained to a smaller elevation range at the Asian sites, where they have a limited influence on their extensive debris-covered tongues. Avalanche events coincide with solid precipitation events, which explains the high avalanche activity in winter in the Mt Blanc massif and during the monsoon in the Everest region. However, there is also a time lag of 1–2 months, visible especially in the Everest region, between the precipitation and avalanche events, indicative of some snow retention on the mountain headwalls. This study therefore provides critical insights into these mass redistribution processes and tools to account for their influence on glacier mass balance.
Improvements to the dynamic wake meandering model by incorporating the turbulent Schmidt number
Authors: Brugger Peter , Markfort Corey D. , Porté-Agel Fernando
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Predictions of the dynamic wake meandering model (DWMM) were compared to flow measurements of a scanning Doppler lidar mounted on the nacelle of a utility-scale wind turbine. We observed that the wake meandering strength of the DWMM agrees better with the observation, if the incoming mean wind speed is used as advection velocity for the downstream transport, while a better temporal agreement is achieved with an advection velocity slower than the incoming mean wind speed. A subsequent investigation of the lateral wake transport revealed differences to the passive tracer assumption of the DWMM in addition to a non-passive downstream transport reported in earlier studies. We propose to include the turbulent Schmidt number in the DWMM to improve (i) the consistency of the model physics and (ii) the prediction quality. Compared to the observations, the thus modified DWMM showed a root-mean-square error reduction by 2 % for mean velocity deficit and 1 % for the turbulence intensity, relative to the unmodified DWMM, in addition to better temporal agreement of the dynamics. This is in contrast to an error increase of 35 % and 36 % if only a more accurate downstream transport velocity is used without including the turbulent Schmidt number.
Mantıksal Çözümlemeli Düşünme Yöntemlerinde Otantik Materyaller ile Gerçek Dünya Durumlarının Kullanımı
Authors: Güçlü Yıldıray
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the use of authentic materials and real-world situations in logical analytical thinking methods. Although the teaching programs and learning environments are well prepared, it is an obligation for teachers to have the necessary competencies in order to successfully achieve the goals of the program. Teachers who use logical analytical thinking method skills effectively and are expected to train individuals who think with logical analysis should have logical analytical thinking method knowledge, skills and tendencies, be able to apply methods and techniques that will lead students to think with logical analysis. As a result of the radical innovations made in education in recent years in our country, the dissemination of logical analytical thinking method skills and attitudes has become one of the priority issues. Teacher and student competencies, along with primary and secondary education programs, teacher training programs at the higher education level are structured on the basis of thinking method education. Teachers need to gain awareness, knowledge and understanding of the method of thinking with logical analysis throughout their education, learn how to apply methods, techniques and measurement tools that will lead students to think with logical analysis. But research shows that a small number of faculty members and students in teacher education have the necessary knowledge, understanding or experience in teaching the method of logical analytical thinking method. In order to ensure the integration of logical analytical thinking into the teaching of teachers in the trainings they receive, the method of logical analytical thinking requires the development of skills and tendencies, metacognitive skills including monitoring and reflection, understanding problems and arguments, as well as many areas to be addressed. Professional knowledge for thinking with logical analysis, teaching competence and teaching behavior are considered important for the design of teaching that develops thinking with logical analysis. The organization of trainings that can guide teachers for the application of logical analytical thinking method, the presentation of manuals and reference books are also seen as a requirement. In order to meet these needs, the development of a curriculum containing goals, content, activities and measurement and evaluation dimensions that may be included in teacher education programs, taking into account the stages of scientific research and program development, will ensure that needs are answered more efficiently and effectively. Key Words: Logical Analysis, Method of Thinking, Authentic Material, Real-World Situation
The impact of youth labor migration and the possibility of prevention in the process of changing the demographic situation in the regions
Authors:   Armenian State University of Economics, TADEVOSYAN ZOYA , AVETISYAN TADEVOS , MKRTCHYAN TATEVIK , HAYRAPETYAN ALBERT , MATEVOSYAN DIANA , MKRTCHYAN HAMLET , TOROSYAN ALIK
Published: June 2024

Migration significantly impacts both the demographic structure and the socio-economic landscape, altering the composition of the labor market and overall economic dynamics. The diverse effects of population migration are manifested both in the carriers of labor themselves and in the socio-economic environment of countries exporting and importing labor. The movement of people, particularly young individuals, stands as a prominent global phenomenon, marked by a notable exodus of skilled professionals, researchers, and students. This trend not only signifies a shift towards younger migration demographics but also highlights the deep-seated political and socio-economic challenges within regions like Armenia. Factors such as enduring disparities in regional development, persistent low wages, and political instability have catalyzed the migration of the youth, with pronounced effects on the Armenian regions. The departure of young individuals from border communities not only undermines demographic and economic prospects but also escalates national security concerns, emphasizing the critical role of youth in fostering regional growth and social stability.
A Way Forward for Phage Therapy in the United States
Authors: Swenson Kelsey , Gonzalez Jean-Paul , Steen Tomoko Y
Published: June 2024

Phage therapy is a potentially life-saving treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections, but it is not commonly available in the United States as it is in other parts of the world. Phage therapy is a historical practice in the former Soviet Union and Russia to treat bacterial infections. Since phages are naturally present in the environment, only synthetic bacteriophage that has been genetically engineered can be patented by pharmaceutical companies which makes it a difficult practice to integrate into clinical care in the United States. However, the growing costs of antibiotic resistance and recent advances in biotechnology are prompting US government agencies to partner with industry to support the development synthetic phage to combat antibiotic resistance. Although very few phages therapy clinical trials have progressed past phase two, there is incredible potential for further development. This review evaluates the outlook of phage therapy in the U.S. by evaluating the risk of widespread phage resistance against its potential benefits as effective products that target bacterial resistance mechanisms and increase antibiotic susceptibility.
Sustainable Basic Science: New Avenues in Vector Biology and a Novel Artificial Intelligence Paradigm for Research in Public Health
Authors:   Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, Goswami Bishnu , Panigrahi Ashis Kumar ,   The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Published: June 2024

Sustainable research in basic science can be effected more fruitfully with an interdisciplinary scope with a focus on the needs of the general public and penetration to the rural and semirural users, especially in contexts such as public health. Here we have utilised a software based approach for detecting hotspots to curb the menace of mosquito borne diseases. The software module utilises Bongojontro Baksobandi software which was used extensively in past research. The highlights include scopes for incorporating transferable skills to its users, in addition to its primary role in basic research. The initial impression of using the software by high-school users of a rural school and local National Service Scheme (NSS) volunteers was very positive. Future proposals include the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models and a pedagogy paradigm for the future learners and researchers.
The Integration of AI Technology into Environmental Education
Authors:   Department of Education, CDOE, The University of Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India, Das Somnath , Anowar Saeed ,   Department of Education, CDOE, The University of Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India, Chakraborty Sukalyan ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand – 835215, India
Published: June 2024

This article delves into the burgeoning intersection of environmental education and artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to explore their integration’s potential synergies and implications. As humanity grapples with pressing environmental challenges, AI’s power holds promise for revolutionizing environmental education methodologies and solutions. The discussion encompasses various aspects, including AI-driven data analysis for environmental monitoring, personalized learning experiences, and the development of innovative conservation strategies. Furthermore, the article examines ethical considerations, such as ensuring inclusivity and equity in AI-enhanced educational initiatives, and the need for responsible AI governance to mitigate risks and maximize benefits. Through an interdisciplinary lens, this exploration seeks to inspire dialogue and action among educators, policymakers, technologists, and environmental advocates to leverage AI as a catalyst for transformative environmental education practices in the pursuit of sustainability and ecological stewardship. This study investigates integrating AI into environmental education via qualitative methods. It conducts a systematic literature review using keywords on reputable databases. Qualitative data are gathered from interviews and focus groups with educators, students, and experts. Thematic analysis identifies patterns, and ethical considerations are paramount. Findings inform potential impacts, benefits, challenges, and recommendations. The integration of AI technologies in environmental education enhances comprehension and engagement across educational levels. It fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, and interdisciplinary skills, empowering students to address environmental challenges effectively. Collaboration and holistic approaches promote environmental awareness and responsible decision-making, shaping a sustainable future.
Ultrassonografia para avaliação de retenção urinária em pacientes em recuperação anestésica
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Tavares , Adelino Simone Danielly Vidal de Negreiros , Dos Santos Rafaela Ingridy dos , Monteiro Estela Maria Leite Meireles , Oliveira Jacqueline Augusta do Nascimento
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Descrever os resultados da investigação de retenção urinária em pacientes em recuperação anestésica com uso da ultrassonografia. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo, no qual o conteúdo vesical de pacientes em sala de recuperação pós-anestésica foi estimado por meio da ultrassonografia para detectar retenção urinária. Foram incluídos 20 pacientes adultos e idosos com uma hora de permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica de um hospital universitário de grande porte do Nordeste do Brasil, entre junho e outubro de 2022. Resultados: O volume urinário mensurado por meio desse exame de imagem teve média de 588,3±327,6 mL, variando de 80 a 1.275,4 mL. A retenção urinária foi identificada em 45% dos casos desta série, embora apenas a queixa de dor associada à necessidade miccional tenha sido um sintoma indicativo de retenção estatisticamente significativo. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos e não foi possível observar a influência do uso de opioides na retenção urinária. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros perioperatórios devem buscar formação para técnicas avançadas, incluindo o uso da ultrassonografia, como auxiliar na sua prática.
Lesões por pressão decorrentes do posicionamento cirúrgico: ocorrência e fatores de risco
Authors: Federico Wanessa Alves , De Moraes Camila Mendonça , De Carvalho Rachel
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrência de lesões por pressão decorrentes do posicionamento cirúrgico e analisar os fatores de risco associados. Método: Estudo observacional, transversal, prospectivo, com delineamento quantitativo, desenvolvido em hospital de extraporte da cidade de São Paulo, com 128 pacientes. Resultados: Observou-se ocorrência de lesão por pressão de 5,47% entre os participantes do estudo, relacionando-se com: escore da Escala de Avaliação de Risco para o Desenvolvimento de Lesões Decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico, razão de chances de 1,54, para cada unidade acrescida; tempo de cirurgia, razão de chances de 85,7%, para cada hora adicionada; posição cirúrgica em prona, razão de chances de 13,42, em relação às demais posições; e especialidade de neurocirurgia, razão de chances de 10,65, em relação às demais especialidades. Conclusão: Observou-se que os pacientes cirúrgicos apresentam características que os colocam em risco de desenvolver lesão por pressão, e o instrumento utilizado na avaliação de risco mostrou-se relevante.
Autoconfiança e satisfação de estudantes de Enfermagem na telessimulação pré-operatória: estudo transversal
Authors: Do Nascimento Keyla Cristiane , Alvarez Ana Graziela , Knihs Neide da Silva , Sebold Luciara Fabiane , Girondi Juliana Balbinot Reis , Amante Lúcia Nazareth , De Oliveira Larissa Fernanda
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a autoconfiança e a satisfação dos estudantes de Enfermagem a partir de um cenário de telessimulação pré-operatória. Método: Estudo quantitativo exploratório-descritivo realizado de junho de 2021 a junho de 2022 em uma universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. Participaram do estudo 28 estudantes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, por meio de telessimulação sobre enfermagem pré-operatória. Após a telessimulação, aplicou-se a Escala de Satisfação dos Estudantes e Autoconfiança na Aprendizagem e Escala de Satisfação com as Experiências Clínicas Simuladas, por meio de questionário eletrônico. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para análise de dados. Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram-se mais satisfeitos (média 4,36) do que autoconfiantes (média 3,83). A satisfação com as experiências clínicas simuladas demonstra que a dimensão cognitiva apresentou maior média (9,25), seguida da dimensão realismo (8,83) e atividade prática (8,64). Conclusão: A telessimulação em cenário pré-operatório é capaz de promover satisfação e autoconfiança na aprendizagem dos estudantes de Enfermagem.
Spunbond-Meltblown-Spunbond ou Tecido-Não-Tecido para proteção respiratória de trabalhadores da saúde
Authors: Faustino Francieli , Leachi Helenize Ferreira Lima , Da Rocha Aline Franco , Ribeiro Renata Perfeito
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Analisar as fibras e a porosidade dos materiais Spunbond-Meltblown-Spunbond e Tecido-Não-Tecido utilizados para confeccionar máscaras cirúrgicas para proteção respiratória de trabalhadores da saúde expostos a riscos ocupacionais químicos e biológicos. Método: Estudo analítico descritivo, utilizando o microscópio eletrônico de varredura para analisar os materiais. Realizado no Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica e Microanálise. Foram usadas nessa pesquisa máscaras confeccionadas com envoltórios de Spunbond-Meltblown-Spunbond para esterilização e máscaras cirúrgicas de Tecido-Não-Tecido. Resultado: A máscara confeccionada com Spunbond-Meltblown-Spunbond apresenta fibras distribuídas de forma aleatória — a camada interna filtrante possui fibras finas, que variam de 1 a 5 μm e bem emaranhadas. A máscara de tecido-não-tecido possui a camada filtrante constituída por fibras finas e apresenta-se pouco densa. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo indicam que há variação no tamanho dos poros e das fibras do Spunbond-Meltblown-Spunbond e do Tecido-Não-Tecido, o que pode acarretar a não filtragem de forma correta de partículas químicas pelas fibras do tecido. Os microrganismos podem variar de 1 a 5 μm, fazendo com que esses materiais analisados se apresentem como barreira protetora relacionada a riscos biológicos.