bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Fertilization to Improve Sustainable Use of Resources and Preserve Postharvest Quality of Fresh-Cut Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) in Soil-Bound and Soilless Cultivation
Authors: Palumbo Michela , Bonelli Lucia , Pace Bernardo , Montesano Francesco F. , Serio Francesco , Cefola Maria
Published: December 2023

Wild rocket plants were cultivated in a plastic greenhouse into two independent sectors, one for soil-bound (SbS) cultivation and another equipped for soilless (ScS) cultivation systems. In both SbS and ScS, the crop was subjected to treatments consisting in a high-compared to a low-input fertilization program (HF and LF treatment, respectively). Water use efficiency (WUE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) for nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg for ScS, and N for SbS) were measured. Rocket leaves, separated for cultivation system and fertilization program, collected at different cuts during the growing cycle, were cold stored at 10 °C until 16 d. At each sampling day (at harvest and during the storage), sensory parameters, respiration rate, dry matter, colour, electrolyte leakage, antioxidant activity, total phenols, total chlorophyll and ammonia content were evaluated. In ScS, the PFP for all nutrients supplied as fertilizers showed a significant increase with the LF treatment, with values higher than 30 % for N, K and Ca. As for the postharvest performance, rocket leaves cultivated in ScS showed better qualitative traits than those cultivated in SbS, as suggested by the lower values of ammonia content and electrolyte leakage recorded at the end of storage in samples grown in ScS. Moreover, in ScS, data showed a lower membrane damage in LF than HF rocket leaves. Finally, regarding total chlorophyll content, even if no effect of treatments was recorded in SbS, rocket cultivated in ScS, showed a better retention of this parameter applying LF than HF treatment. In addition to this, a PLS model (R2 = 0.7) able to predict the cultivation system, using as variables total chlorophyll content no-destructively measured, was implemented.
Using probabilistic machine learning methods to improve beef cattle price modeling and promote beef production efficiency and sustainability in Canada
Authors: Rahmani Elham , Khatami Mohammad , Stephens Emma
Published: December 2023

Accurate agricultural commodity price models enable efficient allocation of limited natural resources, leading to improved sustainability in agriculture. Because of climate change, price volatility and uncertainty for the sector are expected to increase in the future, increasing the need for improved price modeling. With the emergence of machine learning (ML) algorithms, novel tools are now available to enhance the modeling of agricultural commodity prices. This research uses both univariate and multivariate ML techniques to perform probabilistic price prediction modelling for the Canadian beef industry, taking into account beef production, commodity market, and international trade features to enhance accuracy. We apply multivariate algorithms by using support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), and adaboost (AB) and univariate algorithms by using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA), and the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous factors (SARIMAX). We apply these models to monthly fed steer price data between January 2005 and September 2023 and compare predicted prices with observed prices using several validation metrics. The outcomes indicate that both random forest (RF) and adaboost (AB) in multivariate modeling show superior performance in accurately predicting Alberta fed steer prices in comparison to other algorithms. To better account for the variance of the best model performance, we subsequently adopted a probabilistic approach by considering uncertainty in our best-selected ML model. The beef industry can use these improved price models to minimize resource waste and inefficiency in the sector and improve the long-term sustainability prospects for beef producers in Canada.
A Professional Consensus on Orthodontic Risks: Communication Approach, Quality Assurance, and Educational Strategies
Authors: Karkazi Franzeska , Antoniadou Maria , Demeterová Katarína , Κonstantonis Dimitrios , Margaritis Vasileios , Lysy Juraj
Published: December 2023

This study explores the complexities of risk communication practices in orthodontics, specifically examining the perspectives of orthodontists in Greece and Slovakia. Informed by the foundational importance of effective communication in health sciences, particularly in facilitating valid consent and shared decision-making, this research addresses gaps identified in the literature concerning the consistent communication of potential treatment risks based on demographic and cultural characteristics. The study identifies 15 potential critical risks with orthodontic treatment. These risks include root necrosis; temporary undesired changes to the occlusion; sleep difficulties; not achieving an ideal result; development of black triangles between teeth; taking additional X-rays; speech difficulties; using a protective splint during sports; duration of treatment; number of visits; transmission of infectious diseases; and swallowing orthodontic appliances. The questionnaire, distributed electronically to orthodontists in Greece (n=570) and Slovakia (n=210) from Sept. 2022 to Dec. 2022, aimed to assess risk communication practices, with consideration to country, gender, and degree-related variations. 168 valid questionnaires (91 from Slovakia and 77 from Greece) were obtained indicating significant disparities in the risks emphasized and preferred forms of consent. The Greek orthodontists focused more on the risks involved such as on relapse, root resorption, temporal occlusal changes, and failure of desired movement, while the Slovak practitioners tend to be interested more about sleeping difficulties, temporal occlusal changes and not achieving an ideal result. They also tend to obtain written or digital consent from patients or their parents/guardians more frequently than the Greek team. Male orthodontists discussed specific risks more frequently, including relapse and extractions, whereas females preferred written or digital consent. PhD-trained orthodontists prioritized certain risks, indicating the need for tailored approaches. This study underscores the dynamic nature of risk assessment in orthodontic practice, emphasizing its ethical and strategic dimensions. The findings advocate for tailored risk communication strategies, that recognize individual, contextual, and cultural factors and the need of an orthodontic informed consent protocol for tailored communication approach for patients to elevate the standard of care in European orthodontics. The reliance on digital tools reflects contemporary trends in enhancing patient understanding, thereby supporting ongoing innovation in orthodontic practices.
Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Analysis, and Subcellular Localization of DET2 Gene Family in Populus yunnanensis
Authors: Qiao Zhensheng , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Xiaolin , Guo Haiyang , Zong Dan , He Chengzhong
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are an important hormone that participates in almost all stages of plant growth and development, and sterol dehydrogenase is a key enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of BRs. However, the steroid dehydrogenase gene family in Populus yunnanensis Dode (P. yunnanensis) has not been studied; (2) Methods: The PyDET2 gene family was identified and bioinformatics analyzed. Three genes were screened based on the RNA-seq of stem tip, the PyDET2e was further investigated by RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and subcellular localization; (3) Results: We identified 14 DET2 family genes in P. yunnanensis that were classified into 4 groups according to sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationship, and 10 conserved protein motifs had been identified. The gene structure, chromosome distribution, collinearity, and codon preference of all PyDET2 genes identified in the genome of P. yunnanensis were analyzed. The codon of this family is biased to the end of A/U, and natural selection has a great influence on it. The expression level of PyDET2e in September was higher than in July, and it was significantly expressed in stems, stem tips, and leaves. The PyDET2e protein was localized in chloroplasts; (4) Conclusions: The PyDET2e is involved in the development of P. yunnanensis in the rapid growth stage. The systematic analysis provided a basis for the genome-wide identification of genes related to brassinolide biosynthesis processes in P. yunnanensis, and laid a foundation for the study on the mechanism of rapid growth of P. yunnanensis.
Genomic Exploration of Pediatric Neurological Diversity: Lessons from Clinical Exome Panel Sequencing
Authors: Tayade Naresh , A Anjali Krishna , Manoj Gautham , Kewat Akshay , Devulapalli Rajiv , Kumar Somesh , Polipalli Sunil K , Nair Bipin G , Bandapalli Obul Reddy , Suravajhala Prashanth
Published: December 2023

We explore three cases of pediatric neurological diseases, viz. Arthrogryposis, congenital bilateral cataract and Autism by analyzing clinical exomes. As genetic variation attributing to pathogenesis is a significant bottleneck, we attempted to understand and validate them using Sanger validation. We further employ our CONVEX pipeline to infer pathogenic variants and discern the candidate genes for phenotype correlation.
A Survey on Artificial Intelligence based Internet of Vehicles utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Ali Shah Syed Ammad , Fernando Xavier N , Kashef Rasha
Published: December 2023

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) when augmented with internet is called internet of vehicles (IoV). In the IoV, vehicles have on board units (OBUs), use communication technologies and customized software to communicate with infrastructure around them. The vehicles can have permanent connectivity and global network awareness based on cloud computing. IoV technologies are still being assessed to ensure that the network is protected from attacks, supports a dynamic vehicular mobility scenarios and meets the low latency communication requirements between the vehicles and the surrounding infrastructure. To meet these strict Quality of Service (QoS) demands, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) play a vital role in IoV ecosystems. An UAV can serve as a mobile roadside unit (mRSU) to transmit data between vehicles, stationery RSUs and other UAVs. The UAVs have better line of sight (LOS) connections which result in better channel states and lower path loss than fixed RSUs. Although the inclusion of UAVs in vehicular networks has improved the system performance by providing better resource management and routing solutions, the traditional optimization techniques with their limitations are often not applicable. Therefore, in recent years, research community is integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into UAV based IoV ecosystem to better manage resource allocation, routing and mobility management issues to optimize the overall network performance. In this survey paper we review the existing research done in AI/ML based UAV-IoV networks and communications with focus on resource management and routing from year 2019 to 2023. We have studied different AI techniques, their training attributes and architectures in various research works. The limitations of AI-based approaches in terms of required computational resources, availability of real world data and AI models’ complexity for the UAV-IoV environment are also discussed. Finally, the future directions for UAV-IoV research opportunities that can leverage the full potential of AI are presented.
Characterizing Dissolved Organic Matter and Water-Soluble Compounds in Ground Ice of the Russian Arctic: A Focus on Sample Classification within the Carbon Cycle Context
Authors: Semenov Petr , Pismeniuk Anfisa , Kil Anna , Shatrova Elizaveta , Belova Natalia , Gromov Petr , Malyshev Sergei , He Wei , Lodochnikova Anastasiia , Tarasevich Ilya , Streletskaya Irina , Leibman Marina
Published: December 2023

Climate-induced changes contribute to the thawing of ice-rich permafrost in the Arctic, which leads to the release of large volumes of organic carbon into the atmosphere in the form of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide and methane. Ground ice constitutes a considerable volume of the cryogenically sequestered labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) subjected to fast mineralization upon thawing. In this work we collected an unique geochemical database of the ground and glacier ice comprising the samples from various geographic locations characterized by a variety of key parameters, including ion composition, carbon-bearing gases (methane and carbon dioxide) bulk biogeochemical indicators and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions. Our results show that interaction with solid material—such as sediments, detritus, and vegetation—is likely the overriding process in enrichment of the ground ice in all the dissolved compounds. Terrigenous humic-like dissolved organic matter was predominant in all the analyzed ice samples except for glacier ice and pure tabular ground ice from Mare Sale (Western Yamal). The labile protein-like DOM, indicating an autochthonous source, showed no correlation to humic components and probably associated with microbial abundance in the ground ice. The sum of the fluorescent DOM components satisfactory correlates to DOC, indicating the adequacy of the estimation. The pure tabular ground ice samples exhibit the highest biogeochemical quality which may be responsible for the amplification of permafrost organic matter decomposition upon thawing. Yamal impure tabular ground ice and ice wedges are extremely enriched in methane compared to the samples from other locations which should cause a portion of direct methane emission upon the putative thawing.
Design of Type-IV Composite Pressure Vessel Based on Comparative Analysis of Numerical Methods for Modeling Type-III Vessels
Authors: Bouhala Lyazid , Koutsawa Yao , Karatrantos Argyrios V. , Bayreuther Claus
Published: December 2023

Compressed gas storage of hydrogen has emerged as the preferred choice for fuel cell vehicle man-
ufacturers, as well as for various applications like road transport, and aviation. However, designers
face increasing challenges in designing safe and efficient composite overwrapped pressure vessels
(COPVs) for hydrogen storage. One challenge lies in the development of precise software that con-
sider a multitude of factors associated with the filament winding process. These factors include layer
thickness, stacking sequence, and the development of particularly robust models for the dome region.
Another challenge is the formulation of predictive behavior and failure models to ensure that COPVs
have optimal structural integrity. The present study offers an exploration of numerical methods used
in modeling COPVs, aiming to enhance our understanding of their performance characteristics. The
methods examined include finite element analysis in Abaqus, involving conventional shell elements,
continuum shell elements, three-dimensional solid elements, and specialized homogenization tech-
niques for multilayered composite pressure vessels. Through rigorous comparisons with type-III
pressure vessels from the literature, the research highlights the most suitable choice for simulating
COPVs and their practicality. Finally, we propose a new design for type-IV hydrogen composite
pressure vessels using one explored method, paving the way for future developments in this critical
field.
Biotechnological prospects of Thermoanaerobacter AK15; end-product formation from sugars, amino acids, lignocellulosic and macroalgae hydrolysates
Authors: Orlygsson Johann , Scully Sean Michael
Published: December 2023

The present study is on the biotechnological potential of Thermoanaerobacter strain AK15 concerning its ability to produce ethanol and valuable alcohols from carbohydrates and amino acids as well as investigations on their enzyme capability. The strain AK15 was found to be positive for alkaline phosphate, C4 esterase, acid phosphatase, napthol-AS-BI-phosophohydrolase, and α-glucosidase. Strain AK15 is highly ethanologenic, producing a maximum of 1.57 mol ethanol per mol of glucose degraded at high liquid-gas phase ratios. The strain degrades most of the sugars tested as well as starch and pretreated hydrolysates of biopolymers (Whatman paper, newspaper, Timothy grass, Rhubarb leaves, and several macroalgae species) to ethanol mainly. The strains degraded serine and threonine when used as a single substrate, producing mainly acetate and ethanol as end products, and the branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) when cultivated in the presence of thiosulfate. The main end products from branched-chain amino acids were a mixture of their corresponding branched-chain fatty acids and alcohols. Finally, the strain was also shown to use butyrate as an electron sink during glucose degradation resulting in the reduced product butanol in addition to end products produced from glucose. Thus, strain AK15 is a promising candidate for ethanol and fine chemical production.
Quality of Life and Incidence of Clinical Signs and Symptoms among Caregivers of Person with Mental Disorder
Authors: Oikonomou Vasiliki , Gkintoni Evgenia , Halkiopoulos Constantinos , Karademas Evangelos
Published: December 2023

Background: Caring for individuals with mental disorders poses significant challenges for caregivers, often leading to compromised quality of life and mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to assess the extent of these challenges among caregivers in Greece, identifying which demographic factors influence their well-being. Method: A total of 157 caregivers were surveyed using the SF-12 Health Survey for quality of life assessment and the DASS-21 questionnaire for evaluating stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. T-tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and regression analyses were applied to understand the associations between demographics, quality of life, and mental health outcomes. Results: The study found that caregivers, especially women and younger individuals, faced high levels of mental health challenges. Marital status, educational level, and employment status also significantly influenced caregivers' well-being. Depression was the most significant factor negatively correlating with the mental component of quality of life. The magnitude of burden experienced by caregivers highlighted the urgency for targeted social and financial support, as well as strategic treatment programs that consider caregiver well-being. Conclusions: Caregivers of individuals with mental disorders endure significant stress, anxiety, and depression, influencing their quality of life. Demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, education, and employment status have notable impacts. Findings emphasize the need for society-wide recognition of caregivers' roles and the creation of comprehensive support and intervention programs to alleviate their burden, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nutritional Strategies to Mitigate Post-Weaning Challenges in Pigs: A Focus on Glucans, Vitamin D, and Selenium
Authors: O'Doherty John V , Dowley Alison , Conway Eadaoin , Sweeney Torres
Published: December 2023

This review examines the challenges faced by the pig industry, with a specific emphasis on improving the health and growth of weaned pigs. It emphasises the immediate necessity of investigating alternative approaches to managing pig nutrition and health due to restrictions on the use of antibiotics and the prohibition of zinc oxide in weaned pig diets. The weaning phase is identified as a critical stage in piglet development, characterized by stressors that affect their gastrointestinal health, immune responses, and overall physiology. The primary challenge during weaning arises from transitioning piglets from a digestible milk-based diet to a less digestible cereal-based feed, causing nutritional stress. This manifests as reduced feed intake, leading to gastrointestinal disturbances, intestinal inflammation, and adverse effects on intestinal structure and microbiota. To address these challenges and optimise piglet development, various nutritional strategies have been explored. Notably, glucans, particularly β-glucans from fungi, cereals, algae, and yeast, show promise in alleviating weaning-related issues. Furthermore, it's important to highlight the critical roles played by vitamin D and selenium in piglet nutrition. These essential nutrients can be sourced naturally from enriched mushrooms that are specifically enriched with vitamin D and selenium, providing a valuable dietary option. In conclusion, effective nutritional strategies, including glucans, vitamin D, selenium, and enriched mushrooms, are beneficial for addressing weaning-related challenges.
Fulfillment of Legal Rights Protection on Incentives and Allowances for Indonesian Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wiwoho Jamal , Firdaus Sunny Ummul , Hidayat Muhamad Alief
Published: December 2023

The problem relies on the suboptimal fulfillment of incentives and allowances for Indonesian health professionals. It becomes urgency that health professionals are the front liner in the treatment and countermeasures of COVID-19, especially with the high work risk burden that is faced, thus, making the government strive to fulfill at its best. The problem always repeats due to an unsynchronized implementation by the central and the local government until now, so it also worsens the unfulfilled rights of health professionals. The method used in this research was the socio-legal method. The data were collected from the existing laws and regulations and the result from sociological observation. The results indicated that there is a study on rights fulfillment for health professionals based on the laws of the rights of health professionals in Indonesia. The study elaborates on the problem that is currently happening with COVID-19 cases in Indonesia and the reality of the rights fulfillment of health professionals. This article also discusses legal reality in the making of laws and regulations das sollen and das sein.
Calculations of static and dynamic processes in the synchronizing shaft of a medium-voltage vacuum switch during the turn-on process
Authors: Bajda Yevgen , Panteliat Mykhailo , Kuzmin Artem
Published: December 2023

An important direction of theoretical research of modern electrical devices, medium voltage switches and contactors is the study of mechanical processes that occur during their operation. First of all, this is due to sufficiently large forces and accelerations acting on the structural elements and the synchronizing shaft of such devices in the process of switching on. In the article, on the basis of developed mathematical models, calculations of mechanical processes in the synchronizing shaft of a vacuum switch in static and dynamic mode for an absolutely rigid and real shaft are performed and their comparative analysis is carried out. The results of computer modeling are obtained in tabular and graphical forms, which include data on static and dynamic deformations of the shaft, as well as mechanical forces in its supports. It is shown that the mechanical deformation of the shaft causes a decrease in contact drop and contact pressure forces, but with a correctly selected cross-section of the synchronizing shaft, these values slightly affect the operation of the switch itself (the decrease is about 20% and 7%, respectively). It is also shown that as a result of the bending of the shaft, additional axial forces appear in the supports compared to the simplified calculation, which significantly affect the choice of bearings according to the equivalent static load. The calculated dynamic forces, taking into account the masses of contacts and contact rods, exceed similar static forces by 1.3 times, which must also be taken into account when choosing bearings in which the synchronizing shaft is held.
A New Approach to Creating a Digital Twin of Well for Production Monitoring in Western Siberia Fields
Authors: Kobzar O. , Mosyagin G. , Gudilov M. , Ganeev T. , Isaev D. , Polinov M. , Shestakov A. , Yudin E. , Khabibullin R. , Andrianova A.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this work is to create a stable and scalable digital twin of oil well for virtual flow metering task capable of predicting the flow rate of wells equipped with ESPs for many fields in Western Siberia at various stages and conditions of development.

The basis of the suggested approach is to use the best aspects of classical petroleum engineering methods and machine learning algorithms. There is a digital twin of the well, which includes a hydraulic and electrical parts. The adaptation of the well model is carried out through the calculation of the degradation coefficients of the ESP and then a regression task is set to predict these correction coefficients using a gradient boosting model on decision trees. The final element is the prediction of the flow rate according to the well physical model based on correction coefficients predicted by machine learning methods.

The described approach proved its effectiveness after testing at several fields in Western Siberia for various operating conditions. The algorithm was especially useful for estimating the flow rate of a well in severe cases: unstable well operation, joint measurements, a new well after drilling, a broken flow rate measuring system. A comparison was also made with the classical approach of forecasting the flow rate for one well - the area of applicability. An assessment of the sufficiency of data for the construction of the model, the degree of degradation of the approach in the absence of data, the ability to scale and increase computational costs has been tested. Metrics have been obtained and the method of assessing the quality of forecasting in relation to the problem of virtual flow metering has been improved. Practical recommendations on the implementation of this approach are given.

The novelty of this work lies in the method of combining physical and statistical calculations - the sequence of calculations according to the scheme: white-box - black-box - white-box. As well as working with telemetry time series along with machine learning algorithms.
Institutional mosaic of financial institutions in the late Qing China and synthesis of organizational forms: from piaohao and qianzhuang to the central bank
Authors: Kruglova M. S.
Published: December 2023

Objective: to determine the peculiarities of forming the banking system in late imperial China in terms of the interaction between traditional Chinese banking institutions, imported institutional forms, and state reform strategies. Methods: qualitative methods (comparative analysis, generalization), historical and genetic method.

Results: based on a wide array of historical data, the history of the Chinese banking system development during the Qin dynasty decline is demonstrated. By the time of the Chinese economy “forced opening” by Western powers during the Opium Wars, China had its own quasi-banking institutions based on the established clan networks of trade organizations that covered the credit needs of the traditional economy. The local development of modern industries in China required modern approaches to the organization of banking activities. The lacuna was filled by foreign banks, which actually monopolized modern banking in China, and later by state-owned banks. It is shown that by the end of the Qing period all three participants of the banking industry – traditional banks, foreign banks and state banks – covered the needs of the Chinese economy. It is concluded that the banking industry of the late imperial period was a mosaic institutional fabric, combining both traditional and westernized elements and embedding clan ties traditional for China.

Scientific novelty: the article is the first attempt in Russia to comprehensively examine the evolution of the banking system of late Qing China.

Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities in the study of economic history of traditional China, and may enrich the concepts of institutional economics concerning the limits and possibilities of institutional transformations.
Ophthalmology workforce over a decade in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Demographics, distribution, and future challenges
Authors: Aldebasi Tariq , Alhejji Abdullah Mohammed , Bukhari Bushra Hatim , Alawad Nawaf Khaled , Alghaihab Sarah Mohammed , Alakel Raghad Mohammed , Alhamzah Albanderi , Almudhaiyan Tariq , Alfreihi Shatha , Alrobaian Malek , Gangadharan SHIJI
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
The workforce of ophthalmology is an integral component of any healthcare system. The demand for eye care has imposed a heavy burden on the eye care system. Hence, this study aims to estimate the trends, demographics, distribution, and variation between Saudi and non-Saudi ophthalmologists, and the future challenges of the ophthalmology workforce in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
METHODS
This study was conducted in KSA and included ophthalmologists practicing from 2010 to 2023. From the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, we obtained the number, gender, nationality, and rank of ophthalmologists. The geographic distribution of ophthalmologists in KSA was obtained from the Ministry of Health statistical yearbook 2021.
RESULTS
As of January 2023, KSA had a total of 2608 registered ophthalmologists, with approximately 81.06 ophthalmologists per 1,000,000 people. Only 38% of all the ophthalmologists in the country were Saudis. 69.7% of ophthalmologists were male. The percentage of Saudi female graduates increased from 13.3% to 37.2% over 12 years. Additionally, we found that the geographic distribution of ophthalmologists varied, with the larger regions having a higher concentration of ophthalmologists than the smaller regions (75.6 in Riyadh versus 42.8 in Jazan per 1,000,000 people). However, the World Health Organization's target for the ophthalmologist-to-population ratio has been achieved in all 13 health regions of KSA.
CONCLUSION
The recommended opthalmologist-to-population ratio has been accomplished in KSA, and the number of Saudi ophthalmologists has almost doubled over the past 8 years. However, the majority of ophthalmologists are still non-Saudi as Saudi ophthalmologists constitute approximately one-third of the ophthalmology workforce in KSA. The geographical distribution of ophthalmologists varied, which might affect the access to care in the peripheral regions. In response to the growing demand for eye care in KSA, several more effective measures need to be established.
Mixed models in the selection of interspecific crosses of Psidium spp. resistant to myrtle rust.
Authors: Araújo Letícia da Silva , Viana Alexandre Pio , Silveira Silvado Felipe da Silveira Felipe da , Carvalho Beatriz Murizini , Mendes Debora Souza , Lima Joameson Antunes
Published: December 2023

Myrtle rust severely impacts guava cultivation. Currently, no rust-resistant guava cultivars have been found. This study aimed to identify rust-resistant plants from interspecific crosses of Psidium spp. using mixed models. Twenty-six families were evaluated in a greenhouse from September to October 2020. Inoculation was performed on young leaves and floral buds, and characteristics such as the latent period, infectious period, and area under the disease progress curve were measured to determine variance components and genetic parameters. Genotypic values were analyzed, and clones were ranked using mixed models. The genetic, environmental, and broad-sense heritability values varied from moderate to high. Mixed models revealed genetic variability for rust resistance. Clones from the Cv1 x Cv11 and Cv8 x Cv11 crosses were immune to rust. The P36 x P11 cross exhibited variability. The results of this study indicate the selection of clones that are immune and resistant to rust for use in future recombination.
Optimization of Operating Parameters for Simultaneous Bioelectricity Generation and Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater using Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Akinwumi Odunayo Deborah , Dada Ebenezer Olujimi , Agarry Samuel Enahoro , Aremu Mujidat Omolara , Agbede Oluseye Omotosho , Alade Abass Olanrewaju , Aworanti Olufunmilayo Abiola , Alao Adeyinka Idowu
Published: December 2023

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) can simultaneously treat wastewater and generate bioelectricity. This study aimed to optimize operational parameters for treating wastewater from the pharmaceutical industry and harnessing bioelectricity generated from the organic components within the wastewater. The conditions for the bioelectricity generation bioprocess —including time (1-166 days), temperature (25–60°C), pH (4.5–7.5), and additive concentrations (10-50g)—were optimized by the method of Box-Behnken Design (BBD) through the principles of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) incorporated into Design Expert software. The open circuit voltage, current, as well as the physicochemical properties of the wastewater in the MFC were closely monitored. The initial Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 1025 and 1346.17 mg/L. The prominent microorganism in both wastewater and fruit waste samples were Esherichia coli, Staphylococcus species, and Salmonella. At optimized conditions (87 days, 42.5oC, pH of 7.5, and 30 g of additives) the maximum voltage of 895 mV and current of 264 mA were obtained. The result illustrated that fruit waste significantly influenced the generation of bioelectricity as well as the reduction of COD and BOD. The maximum power density generated from pharmaceutical wastewater with no fruit waste was 736.13 mW/m2 while the maximum power densities obtained with the addition of pineapple, orange, mango and combination of all the fruit wastes to the pharmaceutical wastewater were 1610.29, 1355, 759.08 and 2168 mW/m2, respectively. These results illustrate the optimum process conditions which can be explored for bioelectricity generation as well as bio-treatment of industrial wastewater.
Research on three-dimensional cutting force theoretical model of turning glass-ceramics based on discretization of cutting edge
Authors: Li Hongshuang , Ma Lianjie , Li Jinhao , Dai Chunyu , Han Zhibin , Zhou Yunguang , Li Ming
Published: December 2023

Cutting force is one of the most important physical quantities in the cutting process. Cutting force directly determines the generation of cutting heat and affects tool wear and machined surface quality. In this work, based on the geometric analysis of the turning tool, the cutting edge was discretized, and the local parameters of each cutting edge were calculated. According to the formation and assumption of brittle material chips, considering the energy dissipation in the process of chip formation, the cutting force of each cutting edge element was calculated. Then, the theoretical model of three-dimensional turning force of glass-ceramics was established by adding the forces contributed by all cutting edge elements. The change of tool geometry angle can lead to the change of local cutting parameters at each point on the cutting edge, thereby affecting the variation of cutting force. In order to evaluate the cutting force model, the turning experiment of fluormica glass-ceramics was carried out, and the influence of tool geometry angles (normal rake angle γn, tool nose radius rε and tool cutting edge angle κr ) on the cutting force were discussed. The predicted results are in good agreement with the measured results. This model can provide theoretical guidance for the efficient turning strategy of glass-ceramics.
Synthesis of urchin-like Au@TiO2 nano-carriers in the drug-loading system toward cancer treatment
Authors: Nguyen Anh-Thu , Le Phuong Thi , Ho Thi H. , Ngo Huong-Vy Thuy , Vu Sy Van , Lo Tien Nu Hoang , Park In , Chen Hsueh-Shin , Pham Nguyet N. T. , Vo Khuong Quoc
Published: December 2023

Au@TiO2 core-satellite nanoparticles (Au@TiO2-CSN) hold great potential for targeted drug delivery and cancer treatment due to their large surface area, remarkable stability, and biocompatibility. However, the anisotropic morphology of the gold nanocore could be changed after the thermal preparation process to create the anatase and rutile TiO2 layers. In this study, based on the modified seed-mediated approach, we synthesized high aspect ratio urchin-like gold nanoparticles (ULGNPs) with a dense network of average 49 nm-sized branches. The unique ULGNPs synthesized without surfactants were then covered in amorphous TiO2 thin layers (ULGNPs@TiO2) to increase the stability and dispersibility. Doxorubicin (Dox) was selected as a drug model to evaluate the drug delivery activity of ULGNPs@TiO2 core-satellite nanoparticles. The five layers of Au (111) with three fixed bottom layers and two relaxed top layers, along with the six TiO2 (100) layers were performed through Grimme's DFT-D3 dispersion corrections. The DFT adsorption energy reveals that the amorphous TiO2 enhances the Dox loading activity of ULGNPs with Eads = -3.85 eV, negatively higher than isolated ULGNPs (Eads = -2.87 eV) and TiO2 (Eads = -3,61 eV), good agreement with 86.5% Dox loading and 72.3% Dox release capacity (pH = 5) on ULGNPs@TiO2 from the experiment. The biocompatibility, cell viability, and toxicity of ULGNPs@TiO2-Dox were pre-evaluated utilizing the healthy primary human mammary fibroblast and breast cancer MCF-7 cells under WST-1 assay. The results showed up to 98.7% MCF-7 cancer-cell viability for ULGNPs@TiO2 and over 92.8% MCF-7 cell toxicity of ULGNPs@TiO2-Dox. Besides, the amorphous TiO2 phase junction can absorb light in the ultraviolet (UV), combining with the absorption ability in the visible range of ULGNPs due to the LSPR effect.
Entanglement in photo-ionization process
Authors: Ivanov Igor , Kim Kyung Taec
Published: December 2023

We report a study of the entanglement between the quantized photon field and an atom arising in the photo-ionization process. Our approach is based on an {\it ab initio} solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation (TDSE) describing the quantum evolution of a bipartite system consisting of the atom and the quantized electromagnetic field. Using the solution of the TDSE, we calculate the reduced photon density matrix, which we subsequently use to compute entanglement entropy. We explain some properties of the entanglement entropy and propose an approximate formula for the entanglement entropy based on the analysis of the density matrix and its eigenvalues. We present the results of a comparative study of the entanglement in the photo-ionization process for various ionization regimes, including the tunneling and the multiphoton ionization regimes.
A novel plant-based food to make the benefits of the Mediterranean diet accessible to not adhering people
Authors: Polo Andrea , Calabrese Francesco Maria , Tlais Ali Zein Alabiden , Ferrocino Ilario , De Filippis Francesca , Celano Giuseppe , Vincentini Olimpia , Valentino Vincenzo , Bo' Cristian Del , Bo Simona , Cagno Raffaella , Cocolin Luca Simone , Ercolini Danilo , De Angelis Maria , Gobbetti Marco
Published: December 2023

Background The Mediterranean Diet (MD) tangibly impacts on human health, but the access to this virtuous dietary habit is difficult for a considerable part of the population. In response to this challenge, we selected ingredients with high content of bioactive components typical of MD, and designed and manufactured a MD-based food. Its effect on human gut microbiota, microbiome and metabolome was explored in comparison to placebo by feeding a Twin M-SHIME. The fecal donor used for the inoculation of the Twin M-SHIME was chosen within a cohort of individuals showing traits of low adherence to MD.Results The administration of MD-based food increased the abundance of numerous taxa, almost all having the potential to exert beneficial activities. Some detrimental taxa increased their abundances with the administration of the placebo but remained under control with MD-based food. The reshape of the microbiota reflected on microbiome changes. We observed increased abundances of genes responsible for colanic acid biosynthesis, a microbial metabolite implicated in longevity and healthy aging. The abundance of genes involved in L-valine pathway decreased, while the intake of MD-based food boosted the abundance of genes responsible for the carbohydrate metabolism. MD-based food temporarily increased the synthesis of SCFAs, which reflected the increased abundance of genes responsible for butyrate synthesis and fiber degradation. MD-based food modulated the synthesis of VOCs, with particular reference to esters derived from medium- and long-chain fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.Conclusions Overall, the intake of this novel MD-based food in vitro orchestrated positive changes in the gut microbiota, microbiome, and metabolome, making possible for people who do not adhere to MD the opportunity to access dietary benefits.
Struggling with a cefazolin impregnation protocol of bone chips
Authors: Dendoncker Karen , Putzeys Guy , Nieuwenhuizen Tara , Voet Pauline , Lambrecht Stijn , Bertrand Manon , Valster Henriëtte , Croes Kathleen
Published: December 2023

Antibiotics released locally through a carrier is a commonly used technique to prevent infection in orthopaedic procedures. Antibiotic-impregnated bone chips are an interesting carrier in bone reconstructive surgery. Cefazolin is a potentially interesting antibiotic given its proven efficiency in preventing surgical site infection when administered systemically. Preliminary in vitro studies with fresh frozen or processed bone chips impregnated with cefazolin solution show a rapid complete release within a few hours, questioning its potential for local infection prophylaxis. On the other hand commercially available bone chips impregnated after purification using supercritical CO2 have been shown to be an efficient carrier for the antibiotics vancomycin or tobramycin. With this in vitro study we wanted to investigate whether this specific type of processing protocol would improve the release pattern of cefazolin. In addition we investigated the impact of the timing of impregnation during the different steps of the processing protocol on the release of cefazolin.
NeuroMorphNet: A Multiscale Convolutional Neural Network for High-Precision Brain Tumor Segmentation in 3D Medical Images
Authors: Guennich Ala , Othmani Mohamed , Ltifi Hela
Published: December 2023

The use of high-precision automatic algorithms to segment brain tumors offers the potential for improved disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, as well as the possibility of large-scale pathological studies. In this study, we present a new 9-layer multiscale architecture dedicated to the semantic segmentation of 3D medical images, with a particular focus on brain tumor images, using convolutional neural networks. Our innovative solution draws inspiration from the Deepmedic architecture while incorporating significant enhancements. The use of variable-sized filters between layers and the early incorporation of residual connections from the very first layer greatly enhance the accuracy of 3D medical image segmentation. Additionally, the reduction in the number of layers in our dual-pathway network optimizes efficiency while maintaining exceptional performance. This combination of innovations, with Deepmedic as a starting point, positions our solution as a major advancement in the field of 3D medical image segmentation, offering an optimal balance between accuracy and efficiency for clinical applications.
Lessons Learned and First Results of the E-Band CubeSat EIVE
Authors: Koller Markus T. , Bötsch-Zavřel Lena , Eggert Marius , Fugmann Martin , Holeczek Cedric , Kranz Markus , Lengowski Michael , Löffler Thorben , Loidold Lukas-Maximilian , Maier Philipp , Meier Jakob , Mohr Ulrich , Müller Robin , Pahler Andreas , Pätschke Susann , Schweigert Robin , Starzmann Dominik , Steinert Michael , Zietz Martin , Haußmann Simon , Manoliu Laura , Schoch Benjamin , Tessmann Axel , Henneberger Ralf , Freese Jens , Steinmetz Fabian , Klinkner Sabine
Published: December 2023

The 6 Unit CubeSat EIVE was developed to to host a novel high-speed E-band transmitter payload. Challenging aspects for reliable and demanding satellite architectures were revealed during development and operations. Reliable communication buses such as CAN, RS485 or point-to-point links should be preferred over I2C or SPI. Experiences from the implementation of the individual subsystems are presented and lessons learned derived in this paper. The on-board data handling and communication system is based on a system-on-a-chip architecture and uses the CCSDS protocol via S-band. The FPGA section proved advantageous while the use of high-priority commands is essential for in-orbit debugging. The conservative approach to the design of the power system and the high effort to test the thermal design of the EIVE CubeSat led to a stable satellite regarding the power-budget and temperature ranges. The self-developed solar panels and their deployment mechanism worked as intended with many lessons learned in the process. A major part of the time spent on integration was on the harness. The attitude control system is based on self-developed components and commercially acquired units. With most of the attitude control components being tested and calibrated on a best effort basis, more resources should have been committed to testing the GNSS receivers and the star tracker on ground. A stable safe mode was achieved after multiple bugs fixes in the first weeks after the launch. Since then, steady progress towards nominal operation has been achieved.
Applicability of the Adjusted Morbidity Groups algorithm for healthcare programming: results of a pilot study in Italy.
Authors: Papa Roberta , Balducci Francesco , Franceschini Giulia , Pompili Marco , De Marco Marco , Roca Josep , González-Colom Rubèn , Monterde David
Published: December 2023

Background: Population-based Health Risk Assessment (HRA) tools are strategic for the implementation of integrated care. Various HRA algorithms have been developed in the last decades worldwide. Their full adoption being limited by technical, functional, and economical factors. This study aims to apply the Adjusted Morbidity Groups (AMG) algorithm in the context of an Italian Region, and evaluate its performance to support decision-making processes in healthcare programming.
Methods: The pilot study used five Healthcare Administrative Databases (HADs) covering the period 2015-2021. An iterative semi-automated procedure was developed to extract, filter, check and merge the data. A technical manual was developed to describe the process, designed to be standardized, reproducible and transferable. AMG algorithm was applied and descriptive analysis performed. A dashboard structure was developed to exploit the results of the tool.
Results: AMG produced information on the health status of Marche citizens, highlighting the presence of chronic conditions from age 45 years. Persons with high and very high level of complexity showed elevated mortality rates and an increased use of healthcare resources. A visualization dashboard was intended to provide to relevant stakeholders accessible, updated and ready-to-use aggregated information on the health status of citizens and additional insight on the use of the healthcare services and resources by specific groups of citizens.
Conclusion. The flexibility of the AMG, together with its ability to support policymakers and clinical sector, could favour its implementation in different scenarios across Europe. A clear strategy for the adoption of HRA tools and related key elements and lessons learnt for a successful transferability at the EU level were defined. HRA strategies should be considered a pillar of healthcare policies and programming to achieve person-centred care and promote the sustainability of the EU healthcare systems.