bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In silico Study of Acetylcholinesterase and Beta-secretase Inhibitors:
Potential Multitarget Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents
Authors: da Silva Hage-Melim Lorane Izabel , da Costa Daniel Castro , Teixeira Hueldem Ronam Cristo , Silva Raí Campos , Francischini Isaque Antonio Galindo , de Paula da Silva Carlos Henrique Tomich
Published: May 2022

Background:

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative process with multifactorial
characteristics. This disease follows the natural aging process, affecting mainly people
over 65 years. Pharmacotherapeutic treatment currently combats symptoms related to cognitive
function. Several targets have begun to attract the interest of the scientific community to develop
new drug candidates which have better pharmacokinetic and lower toxicity parameters.

Objective:

The present study aims to design new candidates for acetylcholinesterase/β-secretase
(AChE/BACE1) multitarget inhibitor drugs.

Method:

17 natural products were selected from the literature with anticholinesterase activity and
1 synthetic molecule with inhibitory activity for BACE1. Subsequently, the molecular docking
study was performed, followed by the derivation of the pharmacophoric pattern and prediction of
pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. Finally, the hybrid prototype was designed.

Results:

All selected molecules showed interactions with their respective target enzymes. Derivation
of the pharmacophoric pattern from molecules that interacted with the AChE enzyme resulted
in 3 pharmacophoric regions: an aromatic ring, an electron-acceptor region and a hydrophobic region.
The molecules showed good pharmacokinetic and toxicological results, showing no warnings
of mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity. After the hybridization process, three hybrid molecules
were obtained, which showed inhibitory activity for both targets.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that research in the field of medicinal chemistry is advancing towards
the discovery of new drug candidates that bring a better quality of life to patients with AD.
Na+/HCO3− Co-transporters Inhibitor S0859 Attenuates Global Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury of the CA1 Neurons in the Gerbil’s Hippocampus
Authors: Jia Meng , Zhang Qian , Guo Xi , Liu Ru , Liu Sha , Chen Nanyu , Wang Yunfu , Wang Qun , Wu Jianping , Campbell Susan L.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Metabolic acidosis plays a key role in transient global cerebral ischemiareperfusion (I/R) induced delayed neuronal death (DND) of the hippocampal CA1 region of gerbils. Na+ coupled HCO3 - transporters (NBCs) mediated Na+/HCO3 - co-transportation can be activated by the pH gradient of intracellular and extracellular environments induced by acidosis. However, whether NBCs are activated and involved in I/R-induced neuronal injury is unknown.

Objective:

In this work, we studied neuronal apoptosis, astrocyte activation, and hippocampusdependent memory task using a well-established transient global cerebral I/R model of gerbils and investigated whether the specific NBCs inhibitor S0859 could reverse this injury.

Methods:

To explore the role of S0859 in I/R-induced DND, we established a transient global cerebral I/R model of Mongolian gerbils and studied neuronal apoptosis by using Nissl stain and TUNEL assay. The excitability and NBCs current were analyzed by whole-cell patch-clamp, while the cognitive function was evaluated by Barnes maze.

Results:

We found that I/R increased the NBCs current, inhibited the excitability of CA1 neurons, and led to apoptosis in CA1 neurons. Selective NBCs inhibitor S0859 protected CA1 neurons from I/R induced neuronal cell death, astrocyte accumulation, and spatial memory impairment.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that NBCs mediate transient global cerebral I/R induced DND of CA1 neurons, and NBCs inhibitors could be a promising target to protect neuronal functions after I/R.
The Effects of Vitamin Therapy on ASD and ADHD: A Narrative Review
Authors: Olangian-Tehrani Sepehr , Poudineh Mohadeseh , Parvin Sadaf , Omidali Mehrnia , Nikzad Farhad , Mohammadyari Fatemeh , Sadeghi Poor Ranjbar Fatemeh , Rasouli Fayaz , Nanbakhsh Sepehr
Published: May 2022

The effects of a sufficient amount of vitamins and nutrients on the proper function of the nervous system have always been regarded by scientists. In recent years, many studies have been done on controlling or improving the symptoms of neurological and behavioral disorders created by changes in the level of vitamins and other nutrition, such as omega-3 and iron supplements. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that disrupts individual communication, especially in social interactions. Its symptoms include anxiety, violence, depression, self-injury, trouble with social contact and pervasive, stereotyped, and repetitive behavior. ASD is most noticeable in early childhood. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a lasting pattern of inattention with or without hyperactivity that causes functional disruption in daily life. ADHD symptoms included; impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, restlessness, talkativeness, excessive fidgeting in situations such as sitting, meetings, lectures, or at the movies, boredom, inability to make decisions, and procrastination. The exact etiology of ADHD has not yet been found, but several observations have assumed the reduced function of the brain leads to deficits in motor planning and cognitive processing. It has been shown that Pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers could be increased in both ASD and ADHD. Several studies have been done to illustrate if vitamins and other dietary supplements are effective in treating and preventing ASD and ADHD. In this review, we aim to evaluate the effects of vitamins and other dietary supplements (e.g., melatonin, zinc supplements, magnesium supplements) on ASD and ADHD.
Comparison of Efficacy of Remdesivir with Supportive Care Alone in the
Treatment of Critically Sick Adult and Child COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized
Clinical Trial
Authors: Gheitani Mina , Hormati Ahmad , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Ghadir Mohammad Reza , Ghomi Seyed Yaser Foroghi , Tafaroji Javad , Movahedi Zahra , Hossaini Seyed Kamal Eshagh , Khoshgoftar Morteza
Published: May 2022

Background:

Seeking new specific and effective drugs against Coronavirus Diseases-2019
(COVID-19) is of great importance. This study describes the efficacy of remdesivir with supportive care
alone in the treatment of critically sick adult and child COVID-19 patients.

Method:

This study was a one-blind placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial in adults (aged≥18 years)
and children (aged≤12 years) in Iran. Patients were included if they had positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2
infection, O2 saturation ≤88%, and compatible symptoms. All participants received standard care following
national treatment guidelines. The treatment group received remdesivir (200 mg IV on day 1 and followed
by 100 mg in single daily infusions). The control group received standard care and an identical volume of
placebo infusions (Water for injection) for 5 days. For pediatric patients, the intervention group received
remdesivir (5mg/kg on the first day and then 5.2 mg/kg on days 2 to 5). Discharge from the hospital within
10 days of first treatment is considered as the primary endpoint of the study. Admission in the intensive care
unit (ICU) is considered as original secondary endpoint of the study.

Results:

141 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two group (adults; 54 patients in the intervention
group vs. 52 patients in the control group, and children; 17 patients in the intervention group vs. 18
patients in the control group). The mean time from the first symptoms until the referral to the hospital in
adult patients was 5.61 ± 2.67 day and 4.80±1.48 day for intervention and control groups, respectively. The
mean time from the first symptoms until death was reported to be significant and was longer for intervention
group than the control group (24.83 ± 11.25 vs. 10.50 ± 2.42 day; p value=0. 012). For children who received
remdesivir, the mean time between admission until death was reported to be significant, as the finding highlighted
a longer time duration for the intervention group (13.55 ± 0.72 vs. 10.66 ± 0.57 day; p value=0.
Mechanicalanical ventilation was used in 17 patients (100%) and 18 patients (100%) in the intervention and
control groups, respectively (p value=0.853).

Conclusion:

Among patients with critical COVID-19, those randomized to a 5-day treatment of remdesivir
did have a statistically significant difference in clinical status compared with the control group of both adults
and children.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

This study is registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (No.
IRCT 20200405046953N1).
In silico Studies of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds of Wedelia Species
Authors: Rani Nidhi , Dahiya Randhir S. , Kumar Praveen
Published: May 2022

Background:

In India, several types of plants have been researched for the treatment of
various ailments. Wedelia species, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is one of the wonder plants
that has been utilised in Unani, Ayurvedic, and Homeopathic treatment for a long time.

Objective:

The components of Wedelia species were investigated in order to create novel powerful
anti-fungal drugs with low toxicity and high efficacy followed by high bioavailability.

Methods:

Molergo Virtual Docker was used to test the chemical components of the plant for antifungal
potential against the enzyme 14-demethylase.

Results:

According to the findings, about fifteen compounds were identified as promising compounds
with a high dock score and number of interactions.

Conclusion:

These compounds can further be isolated and worked upon for future research.
International Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection
Authors: Anisimov Aleksey , Ryzhenkov Anatoliy
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, it is stated that the international environmental law is a set of
international legal principles and rules governing international relations regarding the
protection of the environment from negative impact. These rules and regulations ensure
the rational use of environemnt and its components and provide favorable conditions
for the life and health of the present and future generations of people. The development
in international environmental cooperation was gradual, like the development of
national (Russian) environmental law. Some references to international cooperation in
this chapter in environmental protection can be found even in the era of the ancient
world. However, the full-fledged international cooperation in environmental protection
began only in the second half of the 19th century. This can be explained by the fact that
the human impact on nature was small before the Industrial Revolution. The negative
impact of the neighboring countries on nature arose with the massive construction of
plants that release emissions into the air and water bodies. This resulted in the need for
governments of different countries to agree on various parameters about the safety of
the environment. The development of international cooperation in environmental
protection is divided into several stages. It is pointed out that international
environmental law is a young branch of law closely interacting with other branches of
international law, including international maritime, air, and space law. These branches
of law regulate relations regarding the exploitation of the relevant natural resources and
are based on the exercise of the rights of sovereign states to use natural resources.
According to the authors, international environmental law has an independent subject
of legal regulation – international environmental relations, which can be conveniently
divided into three groups:

a) Relations for the prevention and limitation of the harmful impact on the
environment, which can be resolved only by efforts of the entire world community
(pollution of the World Ocean, the air basin, pollution of the environment during
military conflicts, etc.);

b) Ensuring the rational use of international natural resources (for example, resources
of the sea bed);

c) Protection of unique natural objects through their conservation from human
economic impact (for example, natural heritage sites, wetlands, rare animals and plants,
etc.).

The subjects of international environmental law include states, international
organizations, and international non-governmental organizations. However, states are
the main subject of international law.
Mathematical model distribution of some water quality parameters in the reservoir
Authors: Sayekti Rini , Wahyuni Sri , Bisri Mohammad , Ismoyo Janu , Nathania Nadya
Published: May 2022

Sutami Reservoir is one of the largest reservoirs in East Java Province and is very useful in the life of people in Malang. However, the water quality of Sutami reservoir currently degrades due to waste. This study aims to determine water quality using the pollution index method and mathematical modeling. Polynomial regression is the most suitable mathematical model. It was obtained by statistical testing and adjusted based on population index data. Sutami Reservoir is classified as a reservoir with a eutrophic trophic status. The load capacity in eutrophic conditions at the monitoring station revealed that the levels exceeded the maximum pollution load limit. The relevant authorities need to take action to overcome the waste problems which contribute to the degradation of water quality in Sutami reservoir
The characteristics of combustion of non-catalyst Rubber Seed Oil (Hevea Brasilliensis) combustion with variations of Methanol mixture
Authors: Subagyo Rachmat , Ambarwati Nina , Muchsin Muchsin
Published: May 2022

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the combustion of a mixture of rubber seed oil with methanol using droplets. The observed characteristics are flame temperature, ignition delay time, combustion rate, and visualization (high heat and flame colour). The variation of the mixture used in this study was a mixture of rubber seed oil and methanol with mixed percentages of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The droplet tool used for research is a tool designed by the researcher. The results showed that the highest flame temperature value was found in the 0% mixture, 114oC, and the lowest was in the 50% mixture, namely 79.67ºC. The highest Ignition delay time value is in the 0% mixture, which is 3.33 s, and the lowest is at 50%, which is 2.21 s. The highest combustion rate value at 50% mixture is 0.517 mm2/s and the lowest at 0% is 0.317 mm2/s. The highest flame height in the 0% mixture was 42.6 mm, and the lowest at 50% was 23 mm
Eye Tracking Technique for Controlling Computer Game Objects
Authors: Kaka Muhammad Tara Qadir , Sharifi Hawar Othman , Ghareb Mazen Ismaeel
Published: May 2022

The study explored the employment of associate in accessible eye tracer with keyboard and mouse input devices for video games. An interactive game has been developed using unity with multiple balls objects and by hitting they could collect more point for each player. It has been used different techniques to hit the balls using mouse, keyboard, and mixed. Eye tracker input has been help to increase the performance of collected the player points. The research explains how the eye tacking techniques can be used in widely in video game and it is very interactive. Finally, we examine the use of visual observation in relevancy the keyboard and mouse input control and show the difference. Our results indicate that the employment of a watch huntsman will increase the immersion of a computer game and considerably improve the video game technology.
Adaptive Filter based on Absolute Average Error Adaptive Algorithm for Modeling System
Authors: Nariman Goran Saman , D. Majeed Hamsa
Published: May 2022

Adaptive identification of the bandpass finite impulse response (FIR) filtering system is proposed through this paper using variable step-size least mean square (VSS-LMS) algorithm called absolute average error-based adjusted step-size LMS as an adapted algorithm. This algorithm used to design an adaptive FIR filter by calculating the absolute averaged value for the recently assessed error with the previous one. Then, the step size has been attuned accordingly with consideration of the slick transition of the step size from bigger to smaller to score an achievement through high convergence rate and low steady-state misadjustment over the other algorithms used for the same purpose. The simulation results through the computer demonstrate remarkable performance compared to the traditional algorithm of LMS and another VSS-LMS algorithm (normalized LMS) which used in this paper for the designed filter. The powerful of the filter has been served in the identification system, bandpass filter has been chosen to be identified in the proposed adaptive system identification. It reports conceivable enhancements in the modeling system concerning the time of convergence, which is well-defined as a fast and steady-state adjustment defined with a low level. The designed filter identified the indefinite system with less than 10 samples; meanwhile, other algorithms were taking more than 20 samples for identification. Alongside the fine behavior of preserving the tradeoff between miss adjustment and the capability of tracking, the fewer calculations and computations regarding the algorithm requirement make the applied real-time striking.
A Web-Based, Provider-Driven Mobile App to Enhance Patient Care Coordination Between Dialysis Facilities and Hospitals: Development and Pilot Implementation Study
Authors: Plantinga Laura C , Hoge Courtney , Vandenberg Ann E , James Kyle , Masud Tahsin , Khakharia Anjali , Gray Carol , Jaar Bernard G , Lea Janice P , O'Donnell Christopher M , Mutell Richard
Published: May 2022

Background

We piloted a web-based, provider-driven mobile app (DialysisConnect) to fill the communication and care coordination gap between hospitals and dialysis facilities.

Objective

This study aimed to describe the development and pilot implementation of DialysisConnect.

Methods

DialysisConnect was developed iteratively with focus group and user testing feedback and was made available to 120 potential users at 1 hospital (hospitalists, advanced practice providers [APPs], and care coordinators) and 4 affiliated dialysis facilities (nephrologists, APPs, nurses and nurse managers, social workers, and administrative personnel) before the start of the pilot (November 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021). Midpilot and end-of-pilot web-based surveys of potential users were also conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to describe system use patterns, ratings of multiple satisfaction items (1=not at all; 3=to a great extent), and provider-selected motivators of and barriers to using DialysisConnect.

Results

The pilot version of DialysisConnect included clinical information that was automatically uploaded from dialysis facilities, forms for entering critical admission and discharge information, and a direct communication channel. Although physicians comprised most of the potential users of DialysisConnect, APPs and dialysis nurses were the most active users. Activities were unevenly distributed; for example, 1 hospital-based APP recorded most of the admissions (280/309, 90.6%) among patients treated at the pilot dialysis facilities. End-of-pilot ratings of DialysisConnect were generally higher for users versus nonusers (eg, “I can see the potential value of DialysisConnect for my work with dialysis patients”: mean 2.8, SD 0.4, vs mean 2.3, SD 0.6; P=.02). Providers most commonly selected reduced time and energy spent gathering information as a motivator (11/26, 42%) and a lack of time to use the system as a barrier (8/26, 31%) at the end of the pilot.

Conclusions

This pilot study found that APPs and nurses were most likely to engage with the system. Survey participants generally viewed the system favorably while identifying substantial barriers to its use. These results inform how best to motivate providers to use this system and similar systems and inform future pragmatic research in care coordination among this and other populations.
Are We Sure We Fully Understand What an Infodemic Is? A Global Perspective on Infodemiological Problems
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro , Castaldo Lucia
Published: May 2022

Infodemic is defined as an information epidemic that can lead to engaging in dangerous behavior. Although the most striking manifestations of the latter occurred on social media, some studies show that dismisinformation is significantly influenced by numerous additional factors, both web-based and offline. These include social context, age, education, personal knowledge and beliefs, mood, psychological defense mechanisms, media resonance, and how news and information are presented to the public. Moreover, various incorrect scientific practices related to disclosure, publication, and training can also fuel such a phenomenon. Therefore, in this opinion article, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the issues that need to be addressed to bridge the gap between science and the public and build resilience to the infodemic. In particular, we stress that the infodemic cannot be curbed by simply disproving every single false or misleading information since the belief system and the cultural or educational background are chief factors regarding the success of fake news. For this reason, we believe that the process of forming a critical sense should begin with children in schools (ie, when the mind is more receptive to new ways of learning). Furthermore, we also believe that themes such as scientific method and evidence should be at the heart of the university education of a future scientist. Indeed, both the public and scientists must be educated on the concepts of evidence and validity of sources, as well as learning how to dialogue appropriately with each other. Finally, we believe that the scientific publishing process could be greatly improved by paying reviewers for their work and by ceasing to pursue academic success at all costs.
Personal Networks and Election in Divided Society: Women Candidates’ Strategy in the 2019 Legislative Election in Ambon Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati Desi , Prasetyo Wegik , Marantika Elvira Marlien
Published: May 2022

Research on electoral politics in post-conflict areas tended to place religious primordiality as a key explanation for electoral preferences and voting behaviour. Although they contribute to explaining fragmentation and patterns of relationships between groups, they ignore personal networks in electoral consolidation. Based on the case study in the 2019 legislative election in Ambon Indonesia, this article discusses the strategies of women candidates who cross religious primordialism. This study found that women candidates seek to use personal networks to help them consolidate constituencies and votes in interfaith communities. This situation happened in the context where there was a tight competition between candidates because of the electoral system and simultaneous elections. Candidates cannot rely on party machines or local institutions so they have to look for alternative strategies. The Ambon case shows that women candidates use personal networks to cross primordial division, which is a constituency characterized by residence locations divided on a religious basis. Personal networks appear in various forms and functions, but all contribute to additional votes as well as a new trend in which politicians approach interfaith communities. In this sense, electoral democracy in a divided society can contribute to the maintenance of peace.
Factors Affecting on the Capital Structure of Real Estate Joint-Stock Companies Listed on Vietnam’s Stock Exchange
Authors: Thoa Hoang Thi Kim , Hung Nguyen Manh , Ha Phan Thi Hai
Published: May 2022

This study is conducted to evaluate and analyze factors affecting the capital structure of real estate joint-stock companies listed on Vietnam’s stock exchange for more than 5 years or more. The research uses a regression model for table data in which data is collected from the consolidated financial statements and other information of 55 joint-stock companies in the real estate industry from the period 2015 - 2019. The result indicates that factors such as firm size, age of the Chairman of the Board and return on equity (ROE) have a positive effect on capital structure. In contrast, factors such as operating time, gender, liquidity, asset turnover ratio, and return on total assets (ROA) have a negative impact on the capital structure of real estate joint-stock companies. In general, the women-chaired enterprises have a higher debt ratio than those of males. However, the higher age of the men-chaired enterprises, the higher the debt ratio their enterprises have compared to women-chaired enterprises.
Abnormal asymmetry correlates with abnormal enlargement in a patient with chronic moderate traumatic brain injury
Authors: Barcelona Justis , Ross David E , Seabaugh John D , Seabaugh Jan M
Published: May 2022

Aim: Recent studies found patients with chronic, mild or moderate traumatic brain injury had more regions of enlargement than atrophy. There is little research discussing brain volume enlargement, asymmetry and TBI. Materials & methods: In this report, we describe a 40-year-old man who suffered a left cerebral hemorrhage resulting in a moderate TBI, suggesting greater forces on the left side of his brain. NeuroQuant® brain volumetric analyses of his MRI obtained 1.7 years post injury showed left cerebral white matter atrophy but right gray matter abnormal enlargement. Abnormal asymmetry of multiple regions (R >L) was confirmed by NeuroGage® asymmetry analyses. Discussion: The findings suggested that abnormal brain volume enlargement was due to hyperactivity and hypertrophy of less-injured brain regions as a compensatory response to more-injured regions.
Wheel Operated Fertilizer Sprayer
Authors: Koche Nishkarsh , Deshmukh Mayuresh , Shrivasta Abhijit , Khan Noman , Dhakulkar Prof. Kapish T
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Different kinds of insecticides sprayer are available in India. As India is a land of agriculture which comprises of small and rich farmers. Small scale farmers are very interested in manually level operated knapsack sprayer because of its versatility, costand design. Spraying is an important operation to be performed by the farmers to protect the cultivated crops from insects, pests, funguses and diseases in which various insecticides, pesticides, fungicides and nutrients are sprayed on crops. So this gadgets which we called wheel operated fertilizer sprayer can be operated manually for spreading granular materialsin farms especially forsolid fertilizerslikeurea. When the vehicle is pushed, motion is transferred form rear axle wheels whichthrough sprocket and chain mechanism which in turn rotates second sprocketconnected to a shaft having screw conveyor at both the ends. This rotation of screw conveyor will discharge the fertilizer which is supplied through a hopper acting a storage tank. Keywords: Fertilizer Sprayer Wheel operated Trolley, Slider crank mechanism, CompressionChamber, Chain and sprocket.
Conductor less Bus Ticketing System Using RFID Technology
Authors: Agarwal Nishtha , Bansal Kartik , Verma Vedant , . Nidhi
Published: May 2022

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to generate passenger tickets using RFID technology for the fare of a particular destination. The appropriate amount is deducted from the RFID card. In addition to that, in proposal system RFID has proven to be one of the most promising technologies in recent years and can be effectively employed in various applications since it is economical and widely used tool for tracking and locating purposes. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects .A small radio transponder, a radio receiver, and a radio transmitter make up an RFID system The RFID application, on the other hand, has become a popular tool for both tracking transit vehicles and the public ticketing system.
Students’ Perception Toward Competence Mastery of Academic Certified Lecturers
Authors: Ridhowy Muhammad Rizqie
Published: May 2022

This study discussed students’ perception toward competence of certified lecturers at Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. The purpose of this study was to obtain how students’ perception toward competence mastery of certified lecturers in Islamic Education study program is. The approach used in this study was descriptive quantitative approach. Meanwhile, the data analysis used in this study was scoring. The results of this study indicated that students’ perception on the statement about lecturer pedagogical competence, on average, gave the response “very good” with a score of 254,09. In the category of professional competence, the average answer was “very good” with a score of 259,28. In the category of personality competence, the average response was “very good” with a score of 258,85. Meanwhile, on social competence, the average response was “good” with a score of 255,34
Government Policies in the Preservation of Malay Culture in Siak Regency, Riau
Authors: Artina Dessy
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the local government policies with respect to Malay culture in Siak, one of the regencies in Riau Province. It is based on the fact that Malay culture is inseparable part of Siak. Historically speaking, Malay culture has been there since the early formation of the Siak Kingdom in 1723 AD. Having and promoting itself with a slogan “The Truly Malay,” Siak is proud of standing upon Malay culture. The reflection of Malay culture as well as its traditions is established in day-to-day lives witnessed in its language and clothing. Aiming at preserving the culture, the local government has made a policy in the form of Regional Regulations on Malay Language and Culture. However, as will be demonstrated through a normative approach, the implementation of the Regional Regulation is still constrained due to the absence of a Regent Regulation which is hoped to function as an implementing regulation. Addressing such a problem has to be integrated into various policies in the form of a District Head Regulation.
Do the reserves help the financial and non-financial performance of firms during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Shahwan Yousef , Sa’adeh Abdullah , Hamza Mohyedin , Al-Ramahi Nidal , Swiety Issa Ahmad
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest challenges facing global economies in the twenty-first century. Although a few sectors have benefited from it, the majority of companies in all sectors have been affected. This research came to test the moderating effect of the reserves of the firms on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the performance of firms (financial and non-financial performance). The study adopted a questionnaire survey to collect the data. The questionnaires were sent online to the top management of the firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The results showed that the pandemic of COVID-19 damages the financial and non-financial performance of the firms in all sectors listed on the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan. But the reserves of the firms have a positive effect on reducing the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the firms’ performance (financial and non-financial). Thus, this research recommends that the government must involve the firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange in its palliatives programmes or stimulus packages to maintain the companies in the private sector in operation after the pandemic. In addition, the firms must take their reserves seriously and increase them.
Company zakat assessment methods in selected jurisdictions
Authors: Siswantoro Dodik , Nurzaman Mohamad Soleh , Nurhayati Sri , Munandar Agus , Ismail Abdul Ghafar , Alhabshi Syed Musa Bin Syed Jaafar
Published: May 2022

The paper aims to analyze the consistency and suitable method of company zakat calculation by evaluating the financial reports of companies in the countries: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Malaysia. A previous study shows that the misconception on company zakat implicates a recognition and measurement (Adnan & Bakar, 2009). Then, this study describes that the consistency analysis is reviewed by comparing the preferred method in each country and the method that is currently applied by the company, while the suitable method is assessed by exploring all the possible zakat calculation methods that can be employed by the companies. This study discloses company zakat in the financial statements and its available common calculation methods. Descriptive data from financial companies disclosing company zakat in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Malaysia are used. Accordingly, the proposed method would be used in the simulation calculation. Zakat can be based on final, calculated from its net income and non-final basis, calculated from working capital. The result shows that some countries have different yet similar calculation methods. The zakat companies should have a standardized method for calculation that can be reviewed by an external party. The study is relevant for the countries adopting company zakat in practice.
Orientación laboral para estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual de la Universidad de Murcia
Authors: Moreno Irene , Belmonte María Luisa
Published: May 2022

Las personas con discapacidad intelectual se encuentran a diario con dificultades para realizar una inserción en el mercado laboral de forma autónoma y sus habilidades para la búsqueda de empleo son, a menudo, escasas. La presente intervención de inserción sociolaboral tiene como propósito preparar de forma individualizada y personalizada a un grupo de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual de la Universidad de Murcia que participan en el título de estudios propios Todos Somos Campus sobre formación para el empleo. Así, se presentan diferentes estrategias para la mejora de la empleabilidad, tales como el refuerzo del autoconocimiento, del perfil profesional, de las cualidades más demandadas y de las habilidades en una entrevista, la confección del currículum y orientaciones sobre dónde buscar ofertas de empleo.
Left ventricular non-compaction in a case of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Jomaa Olfa , Berriche Olfa , Arfa Sondess , brahim marwa ben , Abdelaaly Mabrouk , Braham Mouna , Hachfi Haifa , Younes Mohamed , Hammemi Sonia
Published: May 2022

We reported one of the rare, documented cases of a girl with LVNC
associated jSLE with a past history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Thus, the
association between jSLE, and LVNC should be considered, and requires
further research in order to find the probable mechanism joining both
entities.
Stability Analysis of a Fractional-Order SEIR Epidemic Model with General Incidence Rate and Time Delay
Authors: kouche mahiéddine , Gacem Ilhem , Ainseba Bedr' Eddine
Published: May 2022

In the present paper we investigate the qualitative behaviour of a
fractional SEIR model with general incidence rate function and time
delay where the fractional derivative is defined in the Caputo sense.
The basic reproduction number $\mathcal{R}_{0}$ is
derived using the method of next generation matrix and we give a
complete study of local stability of both free and endemic equilibrium.
Using Liapunov method we prove the global stability of free and endemic
equilibrium under some hypotheses on the parameters of the system.
Finally to illustrate our results, we use the model to predict the first
peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria.
The Usefulness of Corporate Income Tax Accounting: Evidence from Pension Returns
Authors: Cussatt Marc , Demeré Paul
Published: May 2022

We explore whether income tax accounting (ITA) for pensions provides measurement benefits incremental to U.S. GAAP. We use publicly reported Form 5500 defined-benefit pension expense and funding measures, which are calculated using ITA rules, and contrast them with parallel GAAP amounts. We document that ITA measures are more strongly associated with market value, future cash contributions, the cost of equity capital, and credit ratings than comparable GAAP measures, particularly when ITA better maps to economic fundamentals and when GAAP offers greater managerial discretion. Using intraday returns and disclosure times obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request, we also find that markets quickly react to the release of ITA measures in Form 5500. Our study provides novel empirical tests of theory about the benefits of ITA using actual, not imputed, ITA measures and provides evidence that investors can and do use the unique information in a publicly disclosed tax form.

JEL Classifications: H25; J32; M41; M48.
Diabetes Screening and Monitoring Among Older Mexican-Origin Populations in the U.S.
Authors: Datta Roopradha , Lucas Jennifer A. , Marino Miguel , Aceves Benjamin , Ezekiel-Herrera David , Vasquez Guzman Cirila Estela , Giebultowicz Sophia , Chung-Bridges Katherine , Kaufmann Jorge , Bazemore Andrew , Heintzman John
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the study is to examine diabetes screening and monitoring among Latino individuals as compared with non-Latino White individuals and to better understand how we can use neighborhood data to address diabetes care inequities.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This is a retrospective observational study linked with neighborhood-level Latino subgroup data obtained from the American Community Survey. We used generalized estimating equation negative binomial and logistic regression models adjusted for patient-level covariates to compare annual rates of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring for those with diabetes and odds of HbA1c screening for those without diabetes by ethnicity and among Latinos living in neighborhoods with low (0.0–22.0%), medium (22.0–55.7%), and high (55.7–98.0%) population percent of Mexican origin.

RESULTS

Latino individuals with diabetes had 18% higher rates of HbA1c testing than non-Latino White individuals with diabetes (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 1.18 [95% CI 1.07–1.29]), and Latinos without diabetes had 25% higher odds of screening (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 [95% CI 1.15–1.36]) than non-Latino White individuals without diabetes. In the analyses in which neighborhood-level percent Mexican population was the main independent variable, all Latinos without diabetes had higher odds of HbA1c screening compared with non-Latino White individuals, yet only those living in low percent Mexican-origin neighborhoods had increased monitoring rates (aRR 1.31 [95% CI 1.15–1.49]).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings reveal novel variation in health care utilization according to Latino subgroup neighborhood characteristics and could inform the delivery of diabetes care for a growing and increasingly diverse Latino patient population. Clinicians and researchers whose work focuses on diabetes care should take steps to improve equity in diabetes and prevent inequity in treatment.
ANALYSIS OF THE MOST COMMON DAMAGES IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES: A REVIEW
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Highways and Bridges, Blikharskyy Yaroslav , Kopiika Nadiia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Building Constructions and Bridges
Published: May 2022

Reinforced concrete structures are often subjected to various negative environmental influences, reducing their reliability and durability. Main engineering tasks include extension of their life cycle, assessment of durability, reliability and residual service life. This requires reliable assessment of existing damages due to negative environmental impacts. Deterioration of RC structures is complex issue, which should be considered with the account of various factors. Damages and defects should be assessed, according to different criteria: degradation degree, type, time and cause of formation, etc. Article provides detailed analysis of the most common damages in RC structures on the basis of thorough literature review of this issue. Also, the classification of reasons for decrease of bearing capacity is proposed. Additionally, are discussed corrosion mechanisms and specifics of stress-strain state in corroded RC structures.
MONITORING THE STATE OF THE AIR ENVIRONMENT IN THE LVIV REGION
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation, Voznyak Orest , Yurkevych Yuriy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation, Dovbush Oleksandr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation, Savchenko Olena ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation, Kasynets Mariana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of monitoring the state of the air environment of Lviv region in 2020. The main sources of pollution are identified and statistical data on emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are given. The aim of the work is to analyze the state of the environment, natural resources of Lviv region, trends in their changes and environmental measures. Volumes of pollutant emissions from stationary sources of air pollution from enterprises, institutions and organizations of Lviv region were determined by conducting an inventory of stationary sources of pollutant emissions into the air, types and volumes of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere by stationary sources, equipment facilities of the region.
AN ANALYSIS OF SILENT CONSONANTS IN THE 2ND SEMESTER STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION
Authors: Veniranda Yohana , Rosemarie Brigitta
Published: May 2022

This research aims to analyze the mispronounced words with silent consonants in the 2nd semester students’ pronunciation and to analyze the difficulties that the students face in pronouncing words with a silent consonant. This is a survey research. The researcher used tests and interviews as the instruments in gathering data. The respondents are the 2nd semester students of PBI Sanata Dharma University of the academic year 2020/2021.The results showed that there are 3 silent consonants that are not supposed to be pronounced but were pronounced by the 2nd semester students. Those are silent /l/, /s/ and /b/. The reasons are because of the different language accents, the comprehension of vocabularies, and the inconsistency in English pronunciation. The researcher also collected some additional information about the students’ awareness of pronunciation, their familiarity with silent consonants, and their understanding of phonetic transcription. The implication and suggestions are for English language learners, teachers and lecturers, and future researchers to develop the teaching-learning method of pronunciation.
The Strategies Employed to Translate the Cohesive Devices in Self-Development Books: A Case Study of James E. Ryan’s Wait, What? And Life’s Other Essential Questions
Authors: Saad Alshehri Khawlah , Alaboud Amal
Published: May 2022

This study aims to explore how Cohesive Devices are translated in a passage on self-development because this type of book depends on the spoken language, which calls for more cohesion. The present project highlights the cohesive devices in both English and Arabic and shows the differences between them through the translation process. It focuses on the critical research questions which are: What types of CDs are commonly used in the translation of Ryan’s book? Which strategies and theories are appropriate for translating CDs? This study relies on Halliday and Hasan’s model of cohesion (1976) in general and Baker’s model (2018) in the translation field. It also presents the appropriate strategies, such as explicitation, omission, and literal translation to accurately achieve meaning without confusing the reader, Furthermore, it investigates examples of cohesive devices and how they are translated. This study relies on the comparative model between the source text and the target text, adopting the interpretive theory of translation. The Cohesive Devices aren’t just for enhancing the text. They are basic aspects that readers can utilize to connect with texts by making them more coherent, accurate, and professional. CDs are widely utilized not just in the personal development field, but also in other fields.
A Study of Pre-editing Methods at the Lexical Level in the Process of Machine Translation
Authors: Feifei Fan , Rong Chen , Xiao Wang
Published: May 2022

As the demand for translation increases, the role of machine translation in improving the efficiency of translation is increasingly prominent, but due to its inherent limitations, the translation quality of machine translation is not guaranteed. Pre-editing is one of the ways to enhance the quality of machine translated texts. With Google online translation as a tool, the effect of pre-editing on the quality of machine translation is studied by adopting the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) approach. The pre-editing methods of additions, omissions, replacing and terminology preprocessing based on the lexical level are proposed. The results show these methods can play a role in improving the quality of English-to-Chinese machine translations. In most cases, pre-editing at the lexical level is sufficient to generate high-quality machine translation output, but the effectiveness of pre-editing can be further improved when perspective-shifting is involved or when the target language involves contextually consistent verb or person usage.
Doris Lessing’s Our Friend Judith as a Projection of Liberal Feminism
Authors: Adil Mohammed Jwan
Published: May 2022

The current study attempts to provide light on Doris Lessing’s prominence as one of the most influential English novelists of the 1960s. She is an author who is interested in the portrayal of Western women’s identities of 20th-century English society. She has presented the socio-economic status of women in the masculine society through the characters of Judith and Betty. This study would like to demonstrate Lessing’s treatment of the question of socio-economic, and cultural inequalities with regard to women of modern times as reflected in Our Friend Judith. Judith represents a generation of open-minded, strong, independent, and unfettered women who support liberal causes for other women with dedication and noble mission. On the other hand, Betty has matched herself with the features of a nomad because of her traditional imprisonment. So, this study aims to foster a difference between a liberal woman and a traditional woman to foster the practical picture of women’s status in the masculine society. It would like to examine Lessing’s treatment of liberal feminism through the art of characterization and plot construction.