bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal association between yogurt consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity: the SUN cohort study (1018.7)
Authors: Martinez‐Gonzalez Miguel , Sayon‐Orea Carmen , Ruiz‐Canela Miguel , Gea Alfredo , De la Fuente Carmen , Bes‐Rastrollo Maira
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The association between yogurt consumption (YC) and the risk of overweight/obesity (over/obes) remains elusive. Therefore our objective was to examine longitudinally this association.

Methods: Prospective cohort study (SUN Project) of 8,516 participants initially free of over/ob, with a mean age of 37.1‐y (SD: 10.8). Participants were followed up through mailed questionnaires every two years. YC at baseline was classified in 3 categories: low (0‐2 serv/wk), moderate (>2‐<7/wk) or high (蠅7/wk). Cox models were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for over/obes during follow‐up (median 6.6 y).

Results: During follow‐up, 1860 incident cases of over/ob were identified. High YC was associated with a lower risk of becoming over/ob [adjusted HR=0.88 (95% CI: 0.78‐0.99)]. This inverse association was stronger in the subgroup of participants with better adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) [HR=0.75 (0.61‐0.91)]. We also observed stronger associations among participants with fruit consumption above the median (269 g/d), [HR=0.79 (0.66‐0.94)] (p for interaction= 0.055 and p=0.0006 for whole‐fat and low‐fat yogurt, respectively).

Conclusions: In this Mediterranean cohort high yogurt consumption at baseline was associated with lower risk of over/obes during follow‐up. This inverse association was stronger if MeDiet adherence or fruit consumption were higher.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso
Dairy intake in the Mexican population: 2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey Results (ENSANUT 2012) (1018.9)
Authors: Lopez Nancy , Aburto Tania , Pedraza Lilia , Sánchez Tania , Rivera Juan
Published: June 2021

Objective. Assess milk, yoghurt and dairy intake in the Mexican population using data from the 2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey. Methods. The ENSANUT 2012’s home, individual and 24h recall questionnaires were used to obtain socioeconomic, anthropometric and dietary data. Dairy products were categorized into: whole milk, skimmed milk, yoghurt and other dairies. Descriptive analyseswere made by sex, age group, residence area and well‐being tertiles. X2 and T tests were used for proportions and mean comparisons. Results. The mean dairy energy intake in the population was of 167.5 kcal. Whole milk contributed with up to 21% of the energy intake in children <5y. Dairy consumers had significatively higher intake of energy, total fat, mono and saturated fat (SFA), sugar and calcium (Ca) than non‐consumers (p<0.05). More dairy consumers met IOM’s EAR for Ca and Vitamin D compared with non‐consumers; 35.8% vs 7.7% and 10.6% vs 2.6% (p<0.05) respectively. 59% of yoghurt consumers met IOM´s EAR for Ca compared with 24.5% of non‐consumers (p<0.05). In contrast, more non‐dairy consumers met sugar and SFA recommendations than consumers; 44.3% vs 37.6% and 67.1% vs 31.3% (p<0.05) respectively.Conclusion. Milk, yoghurt and dairies represent an important source of energy, Ca and vitamin D in the Mexican population. However, the intake of skimmed milk must be encouraged in order to reduce saturated fat consumption.

Grant Funding Source: Sponsored/funded by Instituto Danone de Mexico
Lower buffet prices lead to less taste satisfaction (1019.16)
Authors: Just David , Sigirci Ozge , Wansink Brian
Published: June 2021

Objective: In an all‐you‐can‐eat (AYCE) buffet, how does a diner’s taste evaluation change as they eat and based on how much they paid for the buffet? Methods: A field experiment was conducted in which diners at an AYCE restaurant were either charged $4 or $8 for an Italian lunch buffet. Their taste evaluation of each piece of pizza they had was taken along with other measures of behavior and self‐perceptions. The trend of their ratings was analyzed using 2x3 mixed design ANOVA.

Results: Diners who paid $4 for their buffet rated their initial piece of pizza as less tasty, less satisfactory and less enjoyable and a downward trend was exhibited with each additional piece (p=0.02). Those who paid $8 did not experience the same decrement in taste, satisfaction and enjoyment.

Conclusions: Paying less for an AYCE experience has a number of surprising problems. It not only leads a person to rate the food as less enjoyable but also every additional piece as even less enjoyable. A diner wanting a more enjoyable and perhaps healthier experience might want to realize that when they go to such a buffet, they get what they pay for.
Mothers' dietary behaviors are associated with nutritional status in their children (1019.25)
Authors: Moon Seung‐Hyun , Song YoonJu , Paik Hee Young
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mothers’ dietary behaviors on children’s nutritional status in Korea. Women aged 蠅19 years were selected and their children were matched using the household information (2,588 mother‐child pairs) in the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Four indicators of mothers' dietary behaviors were included: eating‐out frequency, family meal frequency, meal skipping status and breakfast intake with family. The nutritional status in children was evaluated by serving intake of six food groups in the Food Guidance System and their distribution of nutrient intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) by children’s age group (6‐11 and 12‐18 years). Results showed that intake of grains and vegetables were significantly higher in children aged 6‐11 years when mothers reported to be following healthier dietary behaviors; having regular family meals (p=0.0018, p=0.0068), having not skipped any of the six meals in the past two days (p=0.0005, p=0.0002), and having breakfast with family (p=0.0008, p=0.0004). Eating‐out frequency did not have a significant impact on food group intake. Distribution of children’s nutrient intake below EAR was reduced for the same variables aforementioned with iron and niacin nutrients in particular showing improvement in intake status in children of both age groups. This study suggests that healthy dietary behaviors in mothers may have a positive effect on children’s overall dietary quality. More studies exploring the relationship between dietary behaviors of mothers and their children’s dietary patterns as well as health outcome are encouraged in the future.
Association between family structure and food group intake in children (1019.26)
Authors: Baek Youn Joo , Shim Jae Eun , Paik Hee Young
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of family structure on food group intake of children. Household information and single 24‐hour recall dietary intake data of a total of 3,412 children aged from 3 to 18 years were obtained from 2010‐2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Family structure was classified into 3 groups (Living with both parents, H1; Living with one parent, H2; Living without parent, H3). Score of each food group was calculated from percent adherence to the recommended servings of the Korean Food Guidance System. ‘Food group score’ was average score of ‘Grains’, ‘Meat, fish, eggs and beans’, ‘Vegetables’, ‘Fruits’ and ‘Milk and dairy’ scores. Juice and ice cream were excluded from ‘Fruits’ and ‘Milk and dairy’ groups respectively. Generalized linear model and multiple‐regression model were used to analyze the association between family structure and children’s food group intake. H1 had higher scores than H3 in ‘Grains’ and ‘Meat, fish, eggs and beans’ groups (p<0.05). H1 had higher ‘Fruits’ and ‘Milk and dairy’ scores and ‘Food group scores’ than H2 and H3 (p<0.05). Family structure was associated with ‘Meat, fish, eggs and beans’, ‘Fruits’ and ‘Milk and dairy’ scores and ‘Food group scores’ (p<0.05). This study suggests that family structure builds a food environment which has an impact on children’s food group intake.
Community engagement process used to develop a food store intervention for a low‐income Brazilian urban area (1019.5)
Authors: Vedovato Gabriela , Gittelsohn Joel , Trude Angela , Melzer Matheus , Santana Angélica , Furlani Thais , Martins Paula
Published: June 2021

Community engagement efforts are key to the design of effective health promotion programs. We describe our partnership with a community organization as part of the formative research to inform the development of a food store intervention. We conducted weekly workshops over a period of 9 months (n=26 workshops) in a low‐income area of Santos City. The workshops were designed to promote nutrition literacy and to assess community needs and resources through thematic activities (e.g., food labeling to discuss topics as food system influences on dietary outcomes). We used direct observation to evaluate each workshop in terms of activities conducted and individual responses. We also conducted a focus group with 5 women to assess perceptive and social dimensions of dietary and food environment beliefs. Workshops sizes ranged from 3‐12 women, and provided an opportunity for dialogue and sharing of knowledge about healthy eating and food environmental changes. Workshops appeared to enhance individual autonomy, critical consciousness, intentions to change behavior, and empowerment to modify the food environment. An agenda was developed to intervene in local food stores. The experience shows the potential of workshops to improve community capacity and led to the creation of an advisory committee to support social development and interventions in local food stores.
Incorporating nutrition education through applied, hands‐on culinary elective in medical school training (1020.2)
Authors: Baker Kathryn , Olfert Melissa
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop four culinary/nutrition education focused courses offered to 20 medical students at WVU School of Medicine using a similar successful approach taken by Harvard Medical School’s “Healthy Kitchens, Healthy Lives” program. Despite the importance of nutrition in preventing obesity‐related diseases, most medical schools lack a nutritional component in their curriculum. A recent study showed that only 27% of 103 medical schools provided the minimum 25 hours of nutritional courses recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. Moreover, many medical students incorrectly answer questions regarding nutrition and frequently admit to personal poor dietary habits. Most patients trust their physicians as their primary source of health information, and physician’s advice is often correlated with patient’s lifestyle changes, showing that physicians are in the key position to change dietary habits in the population. This research will focus on the student reported self‐efficacy, user‐friendly patient approach and information and their personal use of applying this information. If successful, this course may serve as a model for integrating nutrition into medical school curriculum. With the importance diet has on health, physicians must be equipped to provide nutritional prescriptions, educating their patients on how to gain control over their health.

Grant Funding Source: WVU Experimental Station Hatch Funding
Predictors of physical activity self‐efficacy change for rural‐residing older adults (1021.9)
Authors: Francis Sarah , VanHauen Ashleigh , Margrett Jennifer , Shelley Mack , Franke Warren
Published: June 2021

Physical activity (PA) self‐efficacy (SE) helps promote PA in older adults (OA). Factors influencing PA self‐efficacy change were examined in 48 rural‐residing OA (M age=74.4 years) at Weeks 1 and 8 during an 8‐week exergaming program. Logistic regression assessed the effects of self‐reported health status and PA readiness‐to‐change on dichotomized SE scores at Week 1. Self‐reported health and PA readiness‐to‐change explained 45.4% of the variance in dichotomized SE scores at Week 1 [χ2(5)=19.2, p=.002] and correctly classified 76.1% of cases. A general linear model showed higher baseline self‐reported health status was associated with a decreased likelihood of having a lower initial dichotomized SE score. SE change was predicted significantly (p=.001) by self‐reported health status (ŋ2=.270) and by the interaction of self‐reported health status with PA readiness‐to‐change (ŋ2=.251). Better health was associated with a greater positive SE change. These preliminary findings suggest that PA programs for OA may be influenced by how participants’ self‐reported health and PA readiness‐to‐change affect SE change, thereby resulting in differential outcomes.

Grant Funding Source: NIFA Rural Health and Safety Education Grant (# 2012‐46100‐20145)
Validity and reliability of food frequency questions to assess beverages, fruits and vegetables, and sweetened food intakes among 2‐ to 4‐y‐old WIC children (1022.6)
Authors: Koleilat Maria , Jiang Lu , Whaley Shannon
Published: June 2021

Fruits, vegetables, sweetened foods and beverages have been found to have positive and negative associations with obesity in early childhood, yet no rapid assessment tools are available to measure intake of these foods among preschoolers. This study examines the test‐retest reliability and relative validity of a ten item Beverages and Food Intake Questionnaire (BFIQ) designed to assess fruit, vegetable, and sweetened foods and beverage intake among 2‐ to 4‐y‐old children. The BFIQ was developed for use in periodic phone surveys conducted with low‐income families with preschool‐aged children. Seventy six primary caregivers of 2‐ to 4‐year‐old children enrolled in WIC completed two BFIQs within a two‐week period for test‐retest reliability. Participants also completed three 24‐hour recalls to allow assessment of validity. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (SCC) were used to examine validity and intra‐class correlations (ICC) were used to examine test‐retest reliability. SCCs ranged from 0.15 to 0.59 for beverages with 0.46 for sugar‐sweetened beverages. SCCs for fruits, vegetables and sweetened food were 0.31, 0.34 and 0.3 respectively. ICCs between BFIQ administrations ranged from 0.48 for sweetened drinks to 0.87 for regular sodas. ICCs for fruits, vegetables and sweetened food were 0.56, 0.49, and 0.56 respectively. The BFIQ exhibited fair to substantial test‐retest reliability and moderate to strong validity in ranking fruits, vegetables, sweetened food and the majority of beverages consumed by children aged 2 to 4. Given the scarcity of an easily administered, valid and reliable questionnaire to assess nutritional intake among 2‐4 year‐old low‐income children, this tool may be useful for large‐scale studies of the relation between diet and obesity in young children.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by First 5 LA
Development of non‐invasive assessments on vitamin A status by using skin levels of carotenoids as biomarker – U.S. study (1022.8)
Authors: Xiong Maxwell , Cai Yiqiang
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is a major problem leading to blindness and childhood mortality. An estimated 250 million preschool children are VAD and a substantial proportion of pregnant women are also VAD. The methods used today for the diagnosis of VAD are anthropometry and biomedical tests, which are costly and time‐consuming. A rapid, convenient, and cost‐effective method is needed to monitor vitamin A status and catch the early stage of VAD. Carotenoids are called pro‐vitamin A that can be distributed into the top layer of the skin, therefore, the skin may become a mirror reflecting vitamin A status. Noninvasive reflectance spectroscopy has been reported to measure carotenoid levels in the skin; its advantages are quick, convenient and low cost; the measurement takes less than 60 seconds. OBJECTIVE: The noninvasive method can not be directly applied to assess the vitamin A plasma concentration. Therefore, the first stage of my research is to collect the data from human subjects to find out the corrections between skin levels of carotenoids and plasma concentrations of vitamin A. METHODS: The plasma samples of 68 subjects were kindly provided by a local sponsor's study; all subjects received the non‐invasive measurements on their skin levels of carotenoids by using a reflectance scanner. The plasma samples were extracted and assayed by validated extraction and HPLC methods. The regression analysis was conducted with both skin and plasma data. RESULTS: Subjects with low reflectance scores had low plasma vitamin A contents. The skin levels of carotenoids are well‐correlated with the β‐carotene plasma concentrations (r2=0.63), and also the skin levels of carotenoids has a good correlation with the vitamin A plasma concentrations (r2=0.56). CONCLUSION: The noninvasive reflectance spectroscopy method is feasible to measure the vitamin A concentration in the blood, and more data from developing countries are needed to support the correlations.
The association between nutritional status and mortality in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (1024.11)
Authors: Bechard Lori , Duggan Christopher , Touger‐Decker Riva , Parrott J , Rothpletz‐Puglia Pamela , Byham‐Gray Laura , Heyland Daren , Mehta Nilesh
Published: June 2021

Critically ill children requiring mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are at high risk for mortality. Prior research regarding the impact of nutritional status on morbidity and mortality in PICU patients has been limited to single centers, small populations, or narrowly defined disease groups. We performed a multicenter, international cohort study to determine the unique contribution of nutritional status to mortality risk in mechanically ventilated children in PICUs. Nutritional status of subjects (age 1 month ‐18 years, N=1622) was 17.9% underweight (BMI Z score < ‐2), 54.2% normal weight (BMI Z score > ‐2 and <1), 14.5% overweight (BMI Z score > 1 and < 2), and 13.4% obese (BMI Z score > 2). The impact of nutritional status on mortality was evaluated using multilevel logistic regression. PICU size and location, admission type, and diagnosis were significantly associated with nutritional status category and used as covariates in the analysis. Compared to normal weight children, the odds ratio for mortality was significantly higher in underweight (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.23, 2.19; p=.001), overweight (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.12, 2.50; p=.01), and obese children (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.10, 2.69; p=.02). Underweight, overweight, and obesity are important risk factors for mortality in PICUs. Longitudinal investigations of nutritional status in critically ill children are warranted.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Jean Hankin Nutritional Epidemiology award from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietet
Comparison of food intake patterns of adolescents with USDA My Plate Dietary Guidelines (1024.15)
Authors: Haddad Tabrizi Sara , Segovia‐Siapco Gina , Medora Burkholder Nasira , Sabaté Joan
Published: June 2021

Evaluating food intake among children has a great importance in preventing the onset of adult health problems. Studies suggest that dietary recommendations are not met among adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine if adolescents from highly educated families meet the USDA recommendations based on “Choose MyPlate”. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 336 females and 252 males ages 12‐19 years attending selected private and public schools in California and Michigan, who reported their food intake using a web‐based food frequency questionnaire. Recommended total daily amounts of food groups of the Choose My Plate guidelines were used for assessment of intake and χ2 test was used for comparison. Intake were non‐normally distributed, thus, median values were compared to the guidelines. Nineteen percent of study population is vegetarian. Mean (SD) self‐reported exercise was 30.5±25.6 min/day. Daily recommendations were based on gender and age group, thus, evaluation was differentiated accordingly. Median intakes were: fruits, 2.35 svg/d; vegetables, 3.95 svg/d; protein, 2.85 svg/d; dairy, 2.35 svg/d; and grains, 6.53 svg/d. More than half met the recommendations for fruits (67%), vegetables (71.6%), and grains (51.7%) but only 12% and 34.5% met the recommendations for protein and dairy, respectively. These results suggest that nutrition education even in knowledgeable population might be helpful for promoting healthy nutrition among adolescents.
The relationship between adolescent pregnancy and adult height (1024.16)
Authors: Lundeen Elizabeth , Norris Shane , Martorell Reynaldo , Suchdev Parminder , Mehta Neil , Stein Aryeh
Published: June 2021

Objective: We determined the association between adolescent pregnancy and adult height among Black females living in Soweto, South Africa. Design: Using data from the Birth‐to‐Twenty cohort, we analyzed 54 matched pairs, for which a girl who got pregnant before the age of 17 years was matched with a girl who did not get pregnant, based on age at menarche and the height‐for‐age z score in the year before the case got pregnant. The two groups were compared with respect to adult height, defined as height (cm) at the oldest age (17 y, 18 y, or 20 y) for which this measurement was available. Results: Average age at conception for the adolescent pregnancy group was 15.9 years (range: 13.75 to 16.96 y). Average height at matching for the adolescent pregnancy and comparison groups was 159.4 cm and 159.4 cm, respectively (p=0.81). Mean adult height for the adolescent pregnancy group was 160.4 cm, versus 160.3 cm among the comparison group (p=0.69). Mean change in height from matching to adulthood was 0.99 cm for the adolescent pregnancy group and 0.91 cm for the comparison group (p=0.45). Conclusions: Among 13‐16 year old Black girls living in Soweto, South Africa, adolescent pregnancy did not have any impact on adult attained height, possibly due to the fact that adult height had been reached before conception occurred, and the girls entered pregnancy sufficiently nourished to fuel both their growth and the growth of the fetus.
Association between soy intake, infant feeding type, and obesity risk in adolescents (1024.19)
Authors: Huey Lynnley , Bitok Edward , Siapco Gina , Sabaté Joan
Published: June 2021

Association between soy intake, infant feeding type, and obesity risk in adolescents Lynnley Huey, Edward Bitok, Gina Segovia‐Siapco, Joan Sabaté; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California Soy consumption has been shown to be protective against chronic disease. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if regular soy consumption is associated with indicators of overweight/obesity‐ BMI z‐score (BMIZ), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), and waist circumference (WC)‐ in adolescents. In a cross‐sectional study, 549 adolescents (310 females, 239 males) ages 12‐18 years old recruited from 10 schools filled out a web‐based food frequency questionnaire to report usual soy intake. Anthropometric measurements were taken during school visits. Associations between soy intake and BMIZ, WHtR and WC were analyzed using ANOVA, ANCOVA, and linear regression while controlling for relevant confounders. Average soy intake was 1.7 ± 1.9 servings per day (s/d), broken down as: meat analog (0.9 ± 1.1 s/d), soy beverages (0.5 ± 1.0 s/d), and tofu products (0.3 ± 0.6 s/d). Asians had a significantly greater intake of soy relative to Caucasians (p= 0.02). A greater proportion of adolescents who were mixed‐fed (28.4%) or formula‐fed (27.3%) as infants had higher BMIZ compared to those who were breastfed (21.8%). Total soy intake and each of the soy food types were not significantly associated with BMIZ, WHtR, or WC. In this population, regular soy consumption has a neutral effect on the risk of obesity.

Grant Funding Source: White Wave Foods
Incidence of lactose intolerance in type 2 diabetic patients (1025.1)
Authors: Rana Satya , Malik Aastha , Bhadada Sanjay , Morya Rajesh
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus is fast‐growing global problem with huge social & health consequences. Diabetic patients generally complain about various gastrointestinal (GI) problems such as flatulence, diarrhea and/or constipation. Lactose intolerance may be one of the reasons of diarrhea and/or flatulence in these patients. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the incidence of lactose intolerance in diabetic patients and apparently healthy controls. 84 type 2 diabetic patients with age 24‐75years & 80 age and sex matched controls (age range 24‐74 years) were enrolled. Non‐invasive lactose breath test was done after overnight fast. For this, 25g lactose dissolved in 250 ml water was given orally after taking fasting breath H2 and CH4 concentrations. End expiratory breath was collected every 30 minutes up to 4 hrs. Concentration of H2 &/or CH4 was measured by using SC Microlyser. Rise 蠅 20ppm over base line value in H2 and/or CH4 concentration in two consecutive readings was considered as lactose intolerance. Out of 84 diabetic patients, 40 (47.6%) were females and 44 (52.4%) males.While out of 80 healthy controls, 38 (45.2%) were females and 42 (52.5%) males. 56 out of 84 (66.7%) diabetic patients were lactose intolerant, while 28 out of 80 (35%) in controls. This study suggests that lactose intolerance was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in Type 2 diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Indian Council of Medical Research,New Delhi,India
Consumption of whole grape powder reduces joint pain and influences serum biomarkers in individuals with self‐reported knee osteoarthritis (1025.10)
Authors: Tiernan Casey , Small Rebecca , Kwon Young‐Hoo , Paulson Rene , DiMarco Nancy , Imrhan Victorine , Prasad Chandan , Vijayagopal Parakat , Juma Shanil
Published: June 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is clinically associated with joint pain and stiffness leading to loss of mobility. There is growing interest in use of natural as opposed to invasive therapies in joint pain management. Consumption of grapes, a rich source of polyphenols may reduce inflammation and influence OA outcomes. We have examined the effect of grape consumption on self‐reported pain, joint range‐of‐motion (ROM) and biochemical markers of inflammation (CRP) and cartilage metabolism (IGF‐1, YKL‐40). Using convenience sampling, 72 men and women with knee OA were recruited and assigned to one of two groups. The treatment group (n =28, 21 female) consumed 47 g of freeze‐dried grape powder (FDGP) daily for 4 months. The placebo group (n=28, 21 female) consumed a comparable placebo. For pain related to activity, the FDGP group had a significant decrease from baseline compared to placebo (‐5.3 vs. ‐2.1, p < .05). At midpoint, both groups had a significant reduction in total knee symptoms, evident in the FDGP group only at the end of study. Further, this effect was greater in females. There was no significant change in overall ROM for either group. FDGP intake led to gender specific changes in IGF‐1 compared to placebo group: male (19.9 vs. 2.0 ng/mL, p <.05) and female (3.2 vs. 8.9 ng/mL, p >.05). Whole grape consumption with its bioactive constituents can be a natural alternative to improving symptoms associated with OA.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by California Table Grape Commission
Chronic date palm fruits supplementation therapy reduces oxidative stress in transgenic (Tg2576) mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (1025.18)
Authors: Essa Musthafa , Subash Selvaraju , Awlad‐Thani Kathiya , Al‐Adawi Samir , Al‐Asmi Abdullah , Samuoi Maha , Vaishnav Ragini , Al‐Senawi Hamad
Published: June 2021

Oxidative modifications are a hallmark of oxidative imbalance in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). While the causes of oxidative stress are relatively well‐documented, the effects of chronically reducing oxidative stress on pathology and biochemistry require further clarification. The present study was designed to investigate the dietary supplementation of 2% or 4% date palm fruits dates on oxidative stress in the hippocampus, and hippocampal neuron injury in APPSw2576 transgenic (Tg) mice. The Tg 2576 mice were fed with 2% dates or 4% dates by dietary supplementation for 15 months. After 15 months, the mice were sacrificed and the brain samples were collected. Redox markers such as 4‐hydroxynonenal, TBARS, hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, vitamin A, E, C, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductas, glutathione‐S‐transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and Na+/K+ ATPase activity/levels in the hippocampus were analyzed. The expressions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) positive neuron and hippocampal neuronal histology were also done. Significantly increased oxidative stress parameters with reduction in the level of antioxidants, ChAT positive neuronas and damaged hippocampal neurons in were found in AD Tg 2576. These abnormalities were significantly ameliorated by date palm fruits supplementation. In contrast, administration of date palm fruits rich diet to mice strongly suggested a putative delay in the formation of plaques, as indicated by a decreasing tendency of soluble and fibrillar Aβ levels in hippocampus which correlated with a decrease in Aβ (1‐40, 1‐42) plasma content. The more effect was found in the animal fed with 4% dates compared to 2% date. Our results suggest that date palm fruits growing in Oman might be able to offer protection against neuronal injury and oxidative stress in AD Tg mice, this may be due to its antioxidant potential. This project was supported by The Research Council, Oman (RC/AGR/FOOD/11/01)

Grant Funding Source: This project was supported by The Research Council, Oman (RC/AGR/FOOD/11/01).
Regular consumption of pulses does not increase cerebrovascular vasodilator responsiveness (1025.3)
Authors: Hill Alison , Coates Alison , Howe Peter , Buckley Jonathon
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have shown that pulse (or legume) consumption can improve lipid and glucose control, and there is emerging evidence that pulses may improve peripheral vascular function. It is unclear whether cerebral blood vessel function can also be improved. The aim of the present study was to determine whether regular consumption of pulses could improve cerebrovascular vasodilator responsiveness in older, overweight adults. Sixty‐eight adults (64.6 6.7 years, BMI 31.2 4.0 kg/m2) who were habitually low pulse consumers (i.e. 蠄 ½ cup of pulses per week) were randomized to incorporate pulse‐enriched foods (~100g/day [i.e. ¾ cup/day] pulses) or energy‐matched control foods into their usual diet for 12 weeks. Cerebral vasodilator responsiveness (CVR) was assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in response to acute hypercapnia (5%CO2 inhalation) at baseline, 6 and 12 Weeks. Five‐day weighed food records captured dietary data at baseline (prior to commencing) and Week 12. Pulse intake increased significantly in the Pulse vs Control group by Week 12 (115 33g vs. 3 8g, respectively P<0.001). CVR did not change by Week 12 in either group (Pulse: 0.89% 7.7, Control 3.6% 10.6, P>0.31). Regular pulse consumption does not appear to influence cerebrovascular vasodilator responsiveness. More sensitive methods may be required to detect changes in cerebrovascular health.

Grant Funding Source: Grain Research Development Corporation
The effects of freeze‐dried mango on bone parameters of ovariectomized mice (1025.9)
Authors: Eldoumi Heba , Meister Maureen , Peterson Sandra , Ketz‐Riley Connie , Perkins‐Veazie Penelope , Stephen Clarke , Smith Brenda , Lucas Edralin
Published: June 2021

Osteoporosis is a major problem worldwide particularly in postmenopausal women. Interest is growing in dietary alternatives, such as fruits and vegetables, in treating and/or preventing osteoporosis in this population. Mango is an excellent source of dietary antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds, which can play a role in maintaining bone health. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two doses of mango and its polyphenol (PP) in preventing bone loss in ovariectomized (Ovx) mice, a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ninety, female three‐month‐old C57/ BL6 mice were either sham‐operated or Ovx and were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups for ninety days (n=12/group): (a) Sham+control, (b) Ovx+control, (c) Ovx+1% or 10% (w/w) freeze‐dried mango or mango PP diet (equivalent PP to that of 1 and 10% mango), and (d) Ovx+alendronate (ALN) injection (1 ug/kg body weight). All diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous and had the same calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Mango slightly improved trabecular microarchitectural parameters of the lumbar bone but not the tibia. As expected, Ovx decreased lumbar trabecular bone volume, number, connectivity density, and increased trabecular separation and structure model index. These microarchitectural parameters were improved by both doses of PP and the 10% mango to a similar extent as the Ovx+ALN group, but were not different from the Ovx+control group. Our results suggest that mango supplementation may promote the maintenance of skeletal health in estrogen deficiency through its effects on trabecular bone.
Actual issues of healthy nutrition in dermatology (1026.1)
Authors: Kalashnikova Anastasiya , Dalenov Erbolat
Published: June 2021

Firstly, the content of essential human elements in BAA is strictly controlled, indicated in the instructions and does not change during storage. Secondly, modern food is not able to provide organism with all necessary biologically active substances in the right quantities. Every cell in the human body needs a variety of vitamins and macro and micronutrients. This can not be replaced by any cream. Nutrients and foods which are good for the skin, also good for the other systems of the body and overall health. Biologically active additives ‐ raise the tone of cells and are an excellent stimulant of metabolism and blood flow in all layers of the skin. An important role in restoring the activity of cells and their normal functions play vitamins (especially A , E , F, C, vitamin B and D complex). According to the survey, 131 women aged 20 to 45 years: 37 % of respondents use any BAAs. 45% of respondents have a negative attitude to the BAA and consider them harmful.• 75 % of respondents did not know the difference between “Food Additives” and “BAA”. • 25% of women reported a positive effect of the use of BAA to the skin. • Only 15% of respondents know that BAAs can fill the deficiency of vitamins, macro ‐and micronutrients. Thus, the complex solution of the problem of prevention and secondary diet therapy of skin diseases ‐ pathogenetic use of justified BAAs to the food.
Demographic determinants of body mass index in healthy elderly men and women (1026.2)
Authors: Azemati Bahar , Rajaram Sujata , Kazzi Natalie , Bitok Edward , Sabate Joan
Published: June 2021

Background: Aging and obesity impose a high burden on health care system. An understanding of the determinants of body mass index (BMI) can be helpful in targeted intervention and education in this population. Objective: We assessed the demographic determinants of BMI in healthy elderly men and women, using cross‐sectional data. Methods: A total of 240 healthy participants (63‐79 years) recruited for a clinical trial on cognition was selected for this study. We used the data collected at baseline from these subjects including body weight, height, BMI, age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity level (assessed by a physical activity questionnaire) and years of education. We used a multiple linear regression model to analyze the predictors of BMI. Results: There were 74 males and 166 females in our study of which 77.1% were Caucasians, 6.7% Asians, 5.4% Blacks and 4.6% Hispanics. 32.5% of participants were normal weight, 37.5% and 24.2% were overweight and obese (BMI >30 kg/m2), respectively. Preliminary analyses showed that those engaged in moderate physical activity had lower BMI than those that participated only in mild physical activity (β=‐2.97, P=0.002). Other demographic variables considered in the study were not associated with BMI. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that physical activity is an important predictor of BMI in this elderly population.

Grant Funding Source: California walnut commission
Determination of the size and weight through the heel‐knee length compared to direct measurement in patients who use wheelchairs (1026.3)
Authors: Torres Gomez Citlali , Calzada Mendoza Claudia , Rivera‐Llano Aidee , Granados‐Diaz Maria , Sanchez‐Sanchez Amalia , Onofre‐Mendoza Nayely , Maldonado‐Torres Ramon , Jimenez‐Zamarripa Carlos
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Due to the lack of appropriate anthropometric equipment in many health institutions in Mexico , it was decided to compare direct and indirect methods in making measurements , we attempt to evaluate alternative strategies to assist in the realization of the nutritional assessment . Aim. Determine the height and weight through the knee‐height compared to direct measurement in patients who use wheelchairs. Methodology: The study population consisted of seventeen adult male patients who are hospitalized at the Psychiatric Hospital “ Dr. Samuel Ramirez Moreno”; determinations for this study were height, weight, knee‐height, calf circumference, Mid‐arm circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness, arm span and weight through chair scale for weighing while seated. Results: The weight obtained by direct and indirect method (knee‐height Chumlea) is equals (Mann‐Whitney, P = 0.121 ) , so it is reliable to use any method in this population. In the case of height obtained with the method of Chumlea and arm span, was mostly unchanged this to find the mean value of 156.74 and 153 ( “t” Student, p = 0.181). Conclusions: Indirect methods of knee‐height weight determination and method of Chumlea and arm span to height, can be used in patients in a wheelchair at the hospital attended.
Dietary intake frequencies and nutritional risk in community‐residing older adults (1026.6)
Authors: Francis Sarah , MacNab Lindsay
Published: June 2021

Dietary patterns and nutritional risk of older adults (OA) must first be assessed in order to develop client‐centered nutrition interventions that result in behavior change. This study examined dietary intake frequencies (DIF) and the nutritional risk of 111 community‐residing OA (age 60+) using the Dietary Screening Tool (DST). Higher DIF scores indicate desired behavior; lower total DST scores imply increased nutritional risk. Participants were primarily white, well‐educated females with limited income. Mean DIF included: fruit (M =10.56 out of 15), grains (M=10.41 out of 15), vegetables (M =8.86 out of 15), lean protein (M =5.09 out of 10), dairy (M =6.51 out of 10), processed meats (M =8.10 out of 10) and fats, sugar, and sweets (M = 12.75 out of 25). Mean total DST score was 65±12.3 (out of 100); most (n=87, 78.4%) were classified as “at nutritional risk” or “at possible nutritional risk.” Lower income OA had lower DIF of grains (p=.005) and vegetables (p=.020) and were at higher nutritional risk (p=.008) than their higher income counterparts. These results suggest nutrition programs for low‐income OA should promote grain and vegetable consumption to help reduce nutritional risk.
Muscle quality and metabolomics analysis of young and old subjects (1026.9)
Authors: Watkins Bruce , Kim Jeffrey , Fragala Maren , Carlson Morgan , Kenny Anne , Pappan Kirk , Kuchel George
Published: June 2021

Sarcopenia, with declines in muscle mass and function, represents an independent risk factor for frailty, disability and mortality in older adults. Underlying changes are not clearly defined but may include muscle atrophy and myopathy. Contributing factors include declines in sex hormones, loss of protein synthesis capacity, neuromuscular integrity, lower physical activity, inflammation and oxidative stress. To understand the impact of aging on systemic metabolism, global metabolomic analysis of 10 serum samples/group were performed in young women (YW) (29.1 ± 4.2 y, 24.2 ± 2.7 BMI), older women (OW) (74.6 ± 6.4 y, 21.2± 2.5 BMI) and older men (75.2 ± 9.8 y, 24.5 ± 2.2 BMI). Fatty acid oxidation markers were higher in older subjects. Acylcarnitines (oleoyl‐, octanoyl‐ and acetyl‐) were elevated in OW compared to YW but did not differ between OW and men. Markers of renal function and steroid hormones followed similar patterns. Acetoacetate was higher in OW compared to older men and glycerol was elevated in OW compared to both groups. EPA, DPA, and DHA, were higher in older women compared to YW but did not differ from older men. Metabolites indicate a decline in renal function and steroid hormones in OW; however, indicators of elevated mitochondrial β‐oxidation were higher in older subjects. Ongoing analyses will evaluate the relationship between these metabolite changes to body composition and muscle performance.
Analysis of BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol, BMD and nutrient intake with different age of adult women in Korea (1027.4)
Authors: Koo Jae Ok , Kim Myung
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to investigate BMI, Cholesterol, blood pressure, bone mineral density and nutrient, intake, and to analyze the relationship between age and blood pressure, cholesterol, BMD and nutrient intake of Korean adult women. The study subjects were 30‐80years old 499 women living in Seoul and Kyunggi area who participated in 2011 KNHANES. The study subjects were divided into 5 age groups : 30years(145), 40years(110), 50years(102), 60years(85) and 70years(57). Average waist circumference, BMI and body fat increased with age, but fat free mass decreased. Average BMD and T‐score was decreased 0.84, 0.74g/cm2 in 30years and 0.05, ‐1.05g/cm2 in 70years. The distribution of BMD was normal(50.4%), osteopenia(32.9%) and osteoporosis(16.7%), respectively. Higher systolic blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly associated with increase age. The rates of hypertension were significantly increased 2.1% in 30years, 30.4% in 50years 89.5% in 70years. Average nutrient intakes such as calcium, iron, sodium, vitamin A, B, B2 and C were significantly decreased with age. There were significant negative correlations between calcium, phosphorus and age, systolic blood pressure and triglyceride. In this study, we found the risk of obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterol were significantly related with increase age.
Effect of chronic mushroom intake on functional fitness in older men and women (1027.9)
Authors: Williams Brian , Marsales Harry , Millen Amy , Burton Harold , Browne Richard , Horvath Peter
Published: June 2021

Mushroom intake has been shown to be beneficial in weight management, immune function and quality of life. To determine the effect of chronic Portabella mushroom intake on functional fitness in older men and women, seventeen subjects men (5) and women (12); age 35 to 68 (avg = 51) years old, avg BMI of 30.1±7, consumed two Portabella mushroom caps/wk for 12 weeks. Functional fitness measures were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks and consisted of a nine minute submaximal treadmill test and functional fitness tests (30 second arm curl, 30 second sit to stand test, 8 ft. up and go test). Arm curl scores improved (P<0.001, combined) with women having a greater improvement (P<0.04). 8 ft. up and go times improved (P<0.001, combined) with men improving by 0.7 sec (P<0.02) and women by 0.6 sec (P<0.01). Sit to stand repetitions also improved (P<0.001, combined) 5.5 repetitions for men (P<0.001) and 3.6 repetitions for women (P<0.003). There was no significant change in heart rate or blood pressure at rest and during submaximal exercise. Chronic mushroom intake may positively affect muscle function and balance performance in older men and women.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Mushroom Council
Abnormal pulse pressure and microalbuminuria in Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes (1029.6)
Authors: Zarini Gustavo , Vaccaro Joan , Ajabshir Sahar , Antwi Janet , Cheema Amanpreet , Huffman Fatma
Published: June 2021

This cross sectional study examined the relationship between pulse pressure and microalbuminuria (MA) in Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes. Subjects (n=133) were recruited from multiple sources from South Florida. Blood pressure was measured twice and averaged to calculate pulse pressure. Pulse pressure was calculated by systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure. Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels were measured from fasting blood samples with the Roche Tina‐Quant method. MA was determined in urine samples by a semiquantitative assay (ImmunoDip). Statistical analysis included t‐test, chi‐square and logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, BMI, A1C and hypertension medications. MA was present in 35% of Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes. A significantly higher percentage of Haitian Americans with MA had abnormal pulse pressure (>60 mmHg) as compared to those without MA (P=0.005). Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for covariates, subjects with abnormal pulse pressure were 3.14 times more likely to have MA as compared to those with normal pulse pressure (P=0.014; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25, 7.85). Findings indicated that abnormal pulse pressure increased the odds of having earliest clinical signs for diabetic nephropathy in this group of Haitian Americans.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant.
Body mass index and serum vitamin D levels in Cuban, African, and Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes (1029.7)
Authors: Huffman Fatma , Feijao Karol , Shaban Lemia , Zarini Gustavo , Ajabshir Sahar , Vaccaro Joan
Published: June 2021

Objective: Observational studies have found serum vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/ml were associated with cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and all‐cause mortality. Diabetes, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI) are independent risk factors of vitamin D deficiency.

Methods: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Florida International University. Participants were recruited by a purchased mailing list of individuals with type 2 diabetes. The final sample size was N= 372 (110 Cuban‐, 134 Haitian‐, and 128 African‐ Americans). BMI was calculated from height and weight (kg/m2) measured in the Human Nutrition Laboratory. Serum vitamin D was determined from fasted blood using enzyme‐immunoassay kit by absorbance. Reduced and adjusted general linear models were conducted to test BMI with serum vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency by ethnicity and BMI was assessed by logistic regression analysis.

Results: The proportion of vitamin D deficiency was high across ethnicities with a higher percent among African (90.1%) compared to Haitian (80.5%, p=0.041) and Cuban (75%, p=0.023). There was an inverse association of BMI with serum vitamin D adjusting for age, smoking, glycemic control, energy intake, and gender (β=‐0.393, SE=0.16, p=0.015). African Americans compared to Cuban Americans had a higher adjusted odds of vitamin D insufficiency [OR=2.67(1.19, 6.03) p=0.017].

Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency was high (between 75‐90%) for these ethnic‐minorities. Regardless of ethnicity, higher BMI was associated with lower serum vitamin D in a multiethnic cohort with type 2 diabetes.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant.