bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of timber harvesting costs on the layout of cuttings and economic return in forest planning based on dynamic treatment units
Authors: Pascual Adrián , Pukkala Timo , De-Miguel Sergio , Pesonen Annukka , Packalen Petteri
Published: February 2018

Aim of study: To analyze the influence of harvesting costs on the distribution and type of cuttings when forest management planning is based on the dynamic treatment units (DTUs) approach.Area of study: A Mediterranean pine forest in Central Spain.Materials and methods: Airborne laser scanning data were used in area-based approach to predict stand attributes and delineate segments that were used as calculation units. Predicted stand attributes and existing models for diameter distribution and individual-tree growth were used to simulate alternative management schedules for each segment for a 60-year planning horizon divided into three 20-year periods. Three alternative forest planning problems were formulated. They aimed to maximize or minimize net income, or maximize timber production with a constant flow of harvested timber. Spatial goals were used in all cases to enhance the clustering of treatments.Main results: Maxizing timber production without considering harvesting costs can be costly, even close to the plan that minimized net incomes. Maximizing net incomes led to frequent use of final felling instead of thinnings, placing cuttings near forest roads and creating more compact DTUs than obtained in the plan that maximized timber production.Research highlights: Compared to previous studies on DTUs, this study integrated felling and forwarding costs, which depended on distance to road and stand attributes, in the process of creating DTUs by means of spatial optimization.
Examining High-performing Education Systems in Terms of Teacher Training: Lessons Learnt for Low-performers
Authors: Çer Erkan , Solak Ekrem
Published: February 2018

The quality of a teacher plays one of the most important roles in the achievement of an education system. Teachertraining is a multi-dimensional process which comprises the selection of teacher candidates, pre-service training,appointment, in-service training and teaching practices. Therefore, this study focuses on teacher training processes inSingapore, Shanghai-China, Hong Kong-China and Turkey and aims to discover the reasons for success in Program forInternational Student Assessment (PISA) by relating it with teacher training processes. Singapore, Shanghai-China,Hong Kong-China were chosen to study because their educational systems were ranked among the high-performingeducational systems in 2016. This study was a qualitative research and document analysis method was used to collectdata about the relevant countries' teacher training processes. The result of the study suggested some practicalconsiderations for teacher training programs in low-performing education systems about the selection of teachercandidates, pre-service training, appointment, in-service training and teaching practices.
Towards a Better Understanding of Consumer Behavior: Marginal Utility as a Parameter in Neuromarketing Research
Authors: Alvino Letizia , Constantinides Efthymios , Franco Massimo
Published: February 2018

Understanding consumers’ decision-making process is one of the most important goal in Marketing. However, the traditional tools (e,g, surveys, personal interviews and observations) used in Marketing research are often inadequate to analyse and study consumer behaviour. Since people’s decisions are influenced by several unconscious mental processes, the consumers very often do not want to, or do not know how to, explain their choices. For this reason, Neuromarketing research has grown in popularity. Neuromarketing uses both psychological and Neuroscience techniques in order to analyse the neurological and psychological mechanisms that underlying human decisions and behaviours. Hence, studying these mechanisms is useful to explain consumers’ responses to marketing stimuli.This paper (1) provides an overview of the current and previous research in Neuromarketing; (2) analyzes the use of Marginal Utility theory in Neuromarketing. In fact, there is remarkably little direct empirical evidence of the use of Marginal Utility in Neuromarketing studies. Marginal Utility is an essential economic parameter affecting satisfaction and one of the most important elements of the consumers’ decision-making process. Through the use of Marginal Utility theory, economists can measure satisfaction, which affects largely the consumer’s decision-making process. The research gap between Neuromarketing and use of Marginal Utility theory is discussed in this paper. We describe why Neuromarketing studies should take into account this parameter. We conclude with our vision of the potential research at the interaction of Marginal Utility and Neuromarketing.
Evaluation of Regional Development Policies in Turkey’s Five Years Development Plans
Authors: Akca Yasar
Published: February 2018

Five years development plans are prepared by State Planning Organization (former name), Ministry of Development. Development Plans are significant policy documents including information about resources of development goals in long term and related regulations to be made in Turkey. Ten different development plans including the years between 1963 and 2018 were prepared. The common basic goal of these plans is: Ensuring a fortunate and prosperous life for Turkish citizens, raising life standards to higher levels. Reaching more prosperous life standards is possible through a long term and systematic development effort. Regions including cities (except metropolis), districts and villages are called rural areas. Efforts for increasing the economic level of people living in rural areas by using and supporting natural resources in these areas are named regional development policies. Regional development policies are firstly determined and shaped in development plans. Economic activities in rural areas are mostly based on natural production resources. Regional development is only possible through efficient use of these local resources. The basic goal is to decrease the difference in the level of economic, social and cultural development between development priority regions and the others. The goal of this study is to present the preparations that should be made and focus on present and future problems. Qualitative design document analysis technique is used in this research; local development policies that are mentioned in ten development plans are analyzed. Findings, results and suggestions are presented at the end of the study.
A Hybrid Methodology for Automation the Diagnosis of Leukemia Based on Quantitative and Morphological Feature Analysis
Authors: Fakhouri Hussam N. , Al-Sharaeh Saleh H.
Published: February 2018

Recent year’s witnessed a huge revolution for developing an automated diagnosis for different disease such as cancer using medical image processing. Many researches have been dedicated to achieve this goal. Analyzing medical microscopic histology images provide us with large information about the status of patient and the progress of diseases, help to determine if the tissue have any pathological changes. Automation of the diagnosis of these images will lead to better, faster and enhanced diagnosis for different hematological and histological tissue images such as cancer. This paper propose an automated methodology for analyzing cancer histology and hematology microscopic images to detect leukemia using image processing by combining two diagnosis procedures initial and advance; the initial diagnosis depend on the percentage of the white blood cells in microscopic images affected by leukemia as indicator for the existence of leukemia in the blood smear sample. Whereas, the advance diagnosis classifying the leukemia according into different types using feature bag classifier. The experimental results showed that the proposed methodology initial diagnosis is able to detect leukemia images and differentiate it from samples that do not have leukemia. While, advance diagnosis it is able to detect and classify most leukemia types and differentiate between acute and chronic, but in some cases in the chronic leukemia where the percent of blast cells and shape are similar; it gave a diagnosis of the type of leukemia to the most similar type.
El plan de medios: principales respuestas a la eficacia publicitaria
Authors: Papí Gálvez Natalia
Published: February 2018

El artículo expone el desarrollo de dos conceptos fundamentales de la planificación (la cobertura y la frecuencia) como fruto de la reflexión sobre la contribución de los mismos a la eficacia de la publicidad. Se identifican tres niveles: la maximización de la cobertura o de la frecuencia del plan de medios; la optimización de estos criterios en busca de una respuesta positiva; y el abandono de la modelización basada en un hipotético soporte medio para enfocar la atención en el efecto del anuncio.
Brand Management
Authors: Gordillo Rodríguez Ma Teresa
Published: February 2018

Tilde Helding, Charlotte F. Knudtzen, Mogens Bjerre Routedge, New York, 2009
Comunicación para la salud y culturas del riesgo
Authors: Ramos Serrano Marina
Published: February 2018

Miguel de Aguilera José María López José María Coronado Diputación de Málaga, Málaga, 2007
Integração de mídias na escola: análise das interações nos materiais do curso mídias na educação
Authors: Mercado Luis Paulo Leopoldo , Figueiredo Lilian Kelly De Almeida
Published: February 2018

O artigo investiga o processo de integração de mídias no contexto escolar, nas atividades realizadas durante o curso de Formação Continuada de Professores em Mídias na Educação. Analisa as propostas das atividades ofertadas nos seis módulos sobre o processo de integração de mídias, a partir de estudo de caso mediada pela análise de conteúdo, tendo como principal fonte de dados os conteúdos dos módulos e os depoimentos dos cursistas, coletados pelo ambiente virtual de aprendizagem e-proinfo, que ofertou o curso, seguido de entrevista com roteiro estruturado, através da aplicação de questionário virtual. Conclui-se que o Curso Mídias na Educação contribuiu para que a formação de professores estabelecesse um processo de ensino-aprendizagem dialógico.
Integración regional de la Educación Superior. El Espacio Iberoamericano del Conocimiento y el papel pedagógico de la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos.
Authors: DIAZ JOSE ANTONIO RAMIREZ
Published: February 2018

: El presente texto es producto de los avances de una investigación que analiza las estrategias de transferencia de políticas desde los organismos internacionales. Se revisa el papel de la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos y las Cumbres Iberoamericanas en la producción de políticas para la integración de la educación superior en América Latina a través del circuito por el cual se generan las políticas regionales. Al final del trabajo, se hace una reflexión de la dimensión comercial implícita en el cambio educativo, lo cual, permite asumir que las Cumbres no son sólo un espacio para llevar a cabo un proyecto de cooperación regional sino que contribuyen en el desarrollo de los intereses económicos españoles.
Paulo Freire e a produção do conhecimento acadêmico
Authors: Severino Antonio Joaquim , Bauer Carlos
Published: February 2018

Editorial da Eccos Revista - Revista Científica, n. 26.
Questionamentos dos estudantes do ensino fundamental I sobre funções vitais de animais
Authors: Castro Darcy Ribeiro , Bejarano Nelson Rui Ribas
Published: February 2018

Esse artigo trata dos aspectos práticos na formação de conceitos com crianças em faixa etária entre 7 e 11 anos de idade, na área de Ciências Naturais. Deriva de uma dissertação de mestrado que estudou a formação de conceitos funções vitais de animais numa escola cooperativista da cidade de Central (COOPEC), estado da Bahia, em 2009-2010. Em tal estudo, objetivamos identificar e discutir os questionamentos dos estudantes acerca dos referidos conteúdos. Observamos as proposições apresentadas pelos alunos durante ás aulas ministradas pelo pesquisador nas Séries Inicias (2º ao 5º ano) sobre animais. As aulas foram registradas em áudio e vídeo fotografadas. A análise de dados, a partir das curiosidades deles, foi realizada em todas as séries com base no método comparativo, com o intuito de evidenciar o que conhecem as crianças sobre seres vivos na perspectiva de mediação destes saberes para o ensino.
Implicações de um acervo de arte, virtual e universitário
Authors: Barroso Ana Beatriz
Published: February 2018

O artigo trata do processo de criação de um acervo de arte no ciberespaço. Aborda as reflexões que o acompanharam, desde a percepção da existência de uma linguagem alterada pela ação silenciosa das pessoas que falam inventivamente às implicações de sua especificidade artística, virtual e universitária. Ter e dar acesso ao conhecimento da arte entendida como relação é um problema de mediação cultural a ser elaborado pelo educador e pela pessoa educada em arte.
Linguagem, cognição e cultura: uma leitura em fenomenologia da prática educativa
Authors: Rojas Jucimara
Published: February 2018

O artigo visa abordar as questões referentes às práticas educativas, contemplando a linguagem, a cognição e a cultura como modos de construção do humano ao longo de sua existência. Procuramos evidenciar tais elementos teóricos no contexto fenomenológico, destacando o aspecto axiológico do processo de aprendizagem. Reafirmamos a condição humana como ponto de partida ao educador/professor no sentido de incorporar em suas práticas educativas às proposições fenomenológicas como caminhos de busca do verdadeiro sentido de Ser, de pensar e de sentir do aprendiz. Ressaltamos a importância do repensar de atitudes, posturas e crenças arraigadas e, que precisam ser rompidas, tendo em vista novos desafios que o mundo contemporâneo apresenta. Acrescentamos, com base em MERLAUPONTY,MARTINS,BICUDO,ARANHA,MORIN,ROJAS que os propósitos da fenomenologia encaminham e sugerem a apropriação perceptiva ,atentiva,intencional e socializante do educador, aliando à sua prática novos olhares, num pesquisar contínuo de efeitos de sentido ,no processo da aprendizagem
Arte e Educação em Ilustrações de “Branca de Neve”
Authors: Scareli Giovana , Maciel Ane Rose de Jesus Santos
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tem a pretensão de fazer algumas relações entre arte, educação e o conto de fadas “Branca de Neve”, mais especificamente sobre as ilustrações do encantamento da maçã. Nosso objetivo é verificar como um determinado momento da história é reinventado, construído, recriado, pelos ilustradores, observando quais elementos utilizam do próprio texto e quais elementos são próprios de cada artista. A metodologia encontra aporte nas pesquisas qualitativas, tendo como primeiro passo a seleção das imagens e, na sequência, a descrição pormenorizada dos elementos que a compõem. Consideramos de fundamental importância desenvolver estudos aproximando a arte e a educação, pois, ao entrar em contato com um livro ilustrado, texto e ilustração nos fornecem um tipo de educação visual que nos ensinam determinados padrões de comportamento, nos ensinam uma estética, o desenvolvimento de um gosto, constroem subjetividades, moralidades, desejos, um modo de estar no mundo.
O ensino da recepção estético-literária e a formação humana
Authors: Duarte Newton , Ferreira Nathalia Botura de Paula , Saccomani Maria Cláudia da Silva , Assumpção Mariana De Cássia
Published: February 2018

Este artigo defende a possibilidade e a necessidade do ensino escolar da recepção estético-literária, entendida como a atividade mental de apropriação, pelos indivíduos, de obras produzidas nos campos das artes e da literatura. Inicialmente são analisadas, com base em Georg Lukács e Lev Vigotski, algumas relações entre a arte e o processo de desenvolvimento do gênero humano e de cada indivíduo. Na sequência, polemizando com a já antiga contraposição entre ensinar e educar, é explorada a discussão feita por Antonio Gramsci sobre o ensino gramatical de Latim e Grego na escola tradicional. O artigo conclui seu percurso analisando a formação deliberada e sistemática da recepção estético-literária na educação escolar a partir de estudos realizados por Aleksei N. Leontiev sobre o processo de apropriação da cultura pelo indivíduo.
Juventude e movimento estudantil: o trabalho precário dos estudantes – bolsistas da UFES
Authors: Carneiro Maíra Poleto , Behr Ricardo Roberto
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar e compreender como se dão as condições de trabalho dos estudantes-bolsistas na UFES. A discussão teórica problematiza as implicações da crise estrutural do capital no mundo da educação e do trabalho, bem como as imbricações entre suas categorias, suscitando uma reflexão acerca do embate entre as novas determinações do mundo do trabalho e as formas de organização do movimento estudantil. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso, numa abordagem qualitativa, e o instrumento de pesquisa foi entrevistas semiestruturadas. Observou-se que os bolsistas, devido à dificuldade financeira e falta de experiência, se tornam ainda mais vulneráveis aos processos de precarização do trabalho, vivenciando situações que envolvem assédio moral e sexual, desgaste físico e emocional, sobrecarga de trabalho, falta de reconhecimento, baixa remuneração, falta de amparo, instabilidade, controle psicológico e exposição a agentes insalubres. Além desses aspectos, acerca da participação política dos estudantes, compreendeu-se que se vive hoje uma mudança no perfil da universidade e um refluxo da perspectiva critica dos agentes que a compõe. O papel do movimento estudantil se concentra na tentativa de direcionar a universidade para a crítica aos fundamentos estruturais da sociedade e assim, para a transformação social.
A escolarização secundária e a ordem oligárquica em Pernambuco nas primeiras décadas da República Brasileira
Authors: Bezerra Ricardo José Lima
Published: February 2018

Ao longo deste texto, apresentamos algumas características do ensino médio público em Pernambuco durante o período da Primeira Republica, entre 1889 e 1930. Nesta época, este nível de ensino era denominado de secundário, por situar-se entre o nível da escolarização primária e o chamado terceiro grau, a educação superior. Sua característica fundamental era ser seletivo e propedêutico, elevando somente a educação superior e à formação profissional somente os mais “competentes” e aptos. Em Pernambuco, em especial, a educação secundária tinha ainda um forte componente classista, pois servia, de acordo com a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica empreendida, a reforçar, reproduzir e perpetuar o modelo de sociedade aristocrática dominada por uma oligarquia política e econômica oriunda da indústria canavieira, que submetia os demais setores da sociedade, fazendo uso da escolarização secundária pública instrumento desta dominação.
Kultura polityczna szlachty województwa połockiego na przełomie XVI–XVII wieku w świetle instrukcji sejmikowych
Authors: Bortnik Ihar
Published: February 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the special character of the political
culture in Polotsk Voivodship at the end of the 16th and the beginning of the
17th century. The research of these phenomena is based on the instructions for
local parliaments (sejmiks) as a source base and provides for a distinction between
three aspects: the attitude of the gentry towards the existing political system and
its institutions; social and political values and norms of the gentry; the gentry’s
response to decisions made by political institutions as well as its requirements and
wishes towards the political system. The author has come to the conclusion that
the political culture of the Polotsk gentry at the turn of the 16th and 17th century
is characterized by high level of political activity.
Duchowni katoliccy ze Śląska w pierwszej wojnie światowej
Authors: Olszar Henryk
Published: February 2018

The First World War was analyzed and described in their diaries mainly
by politicians, various rank soldiers, medical officers and male nurses, writers,
news correspondents, civilians who were watching closely the war theatre, as
well as theology students and military chaplains. We are however interested in
testimonies of clergymen who became priests of the Katowice diocese after the
end of 1914–1918 war campaign. They succeeded to live „in memory” because of
tracks of their presence in the war in archive records or remaining press
publications. The following individuals in this circle deserve special attention:
Teofil Aleksander Bromboszcz, Józef Feliks Gawlina and Karol Milik. There
were 85 military chaplains involved in the First World War on the Prussian side
from the area of the Wrocław diocese and 24 military chaplains from area of the
General Wicarage in Cieszyn. In total there were 63 future priests of the Katowice
diocese among them. Among soldiers chaplains could feel at home. Soldiers
appreciated their high moral values and good manners.
Looking Back at Looking Forward: Art Exhibitions in Poland for the 1975 AICA Congress
Authors: Kościuczuk Krzysztof
Published: February 2018

The above text examines the 11th Congress of the International Association of Art Critics
(AICA) organised in the People’s Republic of Poland in September of 1975 upon the
initiative of Professor Juliusz Starzyński, who was the head of the organisation’s Polish
Section. The congress, whose offi cial theme was “Art – Science – Technology as Elements
of the Development of our Epoch”, marked the second AICA event in history to be held
in Poland, and while Starzyński himself did not live to see the result of his efforts, the
intent to commission a number of collateral exhibitions across the country – meant to serve
as surveys of Polish art – was successful. Those attending the congress had the occasion
to visit the cities of Cracow, Łódź, Warsaw, and Wrocław. The text takes a closer look
at two of these exhibitions: Voir et Conçevoir (Widzieć i rozumieć) which was developed
for Cracow’s historic Cloth Hall, a part of the city’s National Museum, by Mieczysław
Porębski in collaboration with Andrzej Pawłowski, and the exhibition that came to be
known as Critics’ Picks (Krytycy sztuki proponują), which was held at the Central Bureau
of Art Exhibitions, known as the Zachęta, in Warsaw. The concept of each, it is argued,
was driven by a need for experiment. While the former exhibition came to be remembered
as an innovative, if not radical, way of engaging the permanent museum display in which
the highlights of Polish 19th-century art were juxtaposed with several new commissions by
contemporary artists, the latter – the result of no less an experimental concept in which
a group presentation was based on a survey conducted among local critics – remains
largely forgotten – the upshot of a series of compromises, largely enforced by the political
situation of the time. Exploring Voir et Conçevoir and Critics’ Picks as exhibitions in state
institutions within the context of an international event, the paper seeks to shed light on
the intersection of offi cial artistic practices and politics in the People’s Republic of Poland
in the mid-1970s in an attempt to identify the key agents that were active in the fi eld as
well as the defi ning conditions of their activity – or, in other words, to ask the question
as to what kind of offi cial statements were made possible at the time and how they were
motivated.
DEPENDENCE OF PYROTECHNICAL CARTRIDGES PRIMERS CHARACTERISTICS IN CATAPULT SEATS ON STORING/SERVICE TIME
Authors: Faryński Andrzej , Długołęcki Andrzej , Dębiński Jarosław , Kwaśniak Tomasz , Słonkiewicz Łukasz
Published: February 2018

The paper dwells on using a gravitation striker (GS) to initiate collections of ejection cartridge primers with dates of manufacture spanning by ca. 12-13 years. During the tests at the energy provided by the GS corresponding to spring firing mechanisms (SFM) of the seat, in the explosive chamber having the volume 460 cm3, there were measured the average values of activation delay time t  410 s and the overpressure 1.0 and 1.8 bar before and after the bouncing and the median energy Eaver required for the initiation of the primers. The increase of Eaver from 290 mJ by ca. 20% during 10 years indicates the fall of sensitivity. The remaining measured values have not shown any clear dependence on the life time. The dependence of activation time delay on the striker initial velocities v0 of ca. 1 m/s to a value of SFM (7-10 m/s) was also investigated. The dependence is close to t ~ 1 / v0 observed for other types of percussion primers.
Stagger Lee: How violent nostalgia created an American folk song standard
Authors: Williams Duncan A.H.
Published: February 2018

“Stagger” Lee Shelton (1865-1912) was an African-American carriage driver and sometime-pimp from Missouri. He became immortalized in song as a folklore antihero after murdering a drinking partner following a political argument gone bad in a St Louis saloon on Christmas day, 1895. Sentenced to 25 years in prison, Shelton died in Missouri State Penitentiary after violating his parole with a subsequent conviction for assault and robbery. The song, Stack-a-Lee was first documented in 1897, becoming well known in African American communities along the lower Mississippi River over the following decade as Stagolee, Stagger Lee, Stack OLee and other variants. Two versions were published in the Journal of American Folklore in 1911, with notable recordings entering the charts in the 1920s and beyond. Stagger Lee embodies the archetype of a violent and dangerous antihero as his story is retold, and reimagined or referenced in film, becoming a potent symbol of racial conflict in the United States.In both music and cinematic reincarnations, Stagger Lee seems to have an enduring popularity, partly due to the changing nature of his story, which ensures his tale remains up-to-date (it was most recently adapted to a musical in 2015). This article considers how and why this paean to violence, with its fetishistic vision of extreme masculinity, has become something of a standard in the American folk canon.
NATURE AND QUANTITY OF SILICATE FILLER INFLUENCE ON SILICATE PAINT PROPERTIES WITH LOWERED CONTENT OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS
Authors: Lebedeva Elena Yu. , Kazmina Olga V.
Published: February 2018

This article is addressed to the problem of composite silicate paint development. Silicate paints have a large field of application, for example, it can be used as a protective coating or decorative coating with protective properties in industrial and civil construction for many aims: walls plastering, painting of stone, glass, ceramic, brick, concrete, wood, metal and other surfaces. The main difference of developed paint in comparison with the existing analogues is a low organic component content. The mass content of acrylic polymers was 5%, while actual silicate paints have a high content of organic modifiers (up to 25 %). The modifiers additive improves the technological properties, stability and viability of silicate paint. However, a high content of organic components reduces the environmental and fire protection properties of silicate paint coating.  In comparison with analogues, proposed silicate paint composition is free from drawbacks listed above. In response to low content of volatile organic compounds, the paint has long spreadable life and improved technological and operational characteristics. Hiding power, viscosity, and degree of chalking were determined by standard methods. All characteristics meet the requirements of GOST. Many silica high dispersion fillers like a sand, marshalite, perlite, aerosil were tested in silicate paint composition. It was found that the coatings obtained with aerosil additive in a quantity of 0.25 % had the minimal water absorption value (0.15 %) and ultimate adhesion strength (1.7 MPa).Forcitation:Lebedeva E.Yu., Kazmina O.V. Nature and quantity of silicate filler influence on silicate paint properties with lowered content of volatile compounds. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 70-76
MODELING OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND PHASE EQUILIBRIUM IN SYSTEM OF LiCl – H2O WITHIN FRAME OF PITZER MODEL
Authors: Pratskova Svetlana E.
Published: February 2018

Lithium chloride is used as a solid electrolyte in chemical sources of current, organic synthesis, pyrotechnics and as a desiccant. To describe the thermodynamic properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions, the Pitzer’s model is most widely used. Model equations are simple and contain a small number of variable parameters that have a certain physical meaning. They are linear combinations of virial coefficients in the expansion of the excess free Gibbs energy of the solution of the number of moles of ions. The results of thermodynamic modeling of the LiCl - H2O system within the frame of this model are presented in the article. Equations for calculating the average ionic coefficient of activity for the component of the LiCl system and the osmotic coefficient of water are derived. The energy parameters of the model are calculated taking into account the experimental data on the osmotic coefficient of water Ф on the composition of the solution at 25 °C and on the temperature for the LiCl - H2O system. To verify the adequacy of the Pitzer’s model, the inverse problem was solved, i.e. the values of the osmotic coefficient of water and the average ionic coefficient of the solution composition were calculated. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data. The values of the standard Gibbs energies for the formation of crystalline hydrates LiC∙H2O, LiCl∙2H2O are determined. A double phase diagram of LiCl - H2O is constructed. On the calculated diagram, there is a eutectic point with coordinates of 25.3 wt.% LiCl, t = -80 °C and two peritectics of 48.2 wt. % LiCl, t = 50 °C; 56.5 wt. % LiCl, t = 102 °C. The excess partial molar enthalpies and entropies of the solution components were calculated. As follows from the data obtained, aqueous solutions of lithium chloride are formed with heat absorption, the system is stabilized by increasing entropy. The solution experiences positive deviations from ideality.Forcitation:Pratskova S.E. modeling of thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium in system of LiCl – H2O within frame of pitzer model. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 21-25
Rôles, responsabilités, pratiques et compétences des directions d’école
Authors: IsaBelle Claire , Labelle Jean
Published: February 2018

Tout comme la société, l’école connait des transformations et doit s’adapter aux mouvements démographiques, aux enjeux politiques, aux activités économiques ainsi qu’aux progrès scientifiques et technologiques. Dans un tel contexte, pour bien gérer l’école, la direction est appelée à développer ses compétences, voire à adapter continuellement ses fonctions et ses pratiques pour favoriser la réussite éducative. Le présent numéro thématique propose sept articles. Ces derniers exposent des recherches empiriques menées auprès de directions d’école et de directions adjointes. Ces recherches ont été élaborées dans différentes provinces canadiennes, voire en Haïti ou, encore en collaboration avec la Suisse.
101 acteurs de l’éducation s’expriment : les compétences nécessaires chez les nouvelles directions d’école de langue française au Canada 1
Authors: IsaBelle Claire
Published: February 2018

La direction d’école joue un rôle majeur dans la réussite scolaire des élèves. Il s’avère donc essentiel de connaître, chez les nouvelles directions, les compétences développées et celles à développer pour mieux gérer leur école. Une recherche qualitative utilisant des entrevues semi-dirigées a été réalisée auprès de 101 acteurs de l’éducation au Canada. Nos résultats montrent qu’un grand nombre de nouvelles directions de presque toutes les provinces considèrent qu’elles ont plus d’habiletés développées qu’à développer pour les sept catégories de la composante habiletés de la compétence pour mieux gérer leur école. Par ailleurs, plusieurs autres acteurs de l’éducation mentionnent que les nouvelles directions d’école doivent consolider leurs habiletés dans la gestion administrative et dans celle des relations humaines.
Pratiques gagnantes de directions d’établissement scolaire pour surmonter les obstacles rencontrés en supervision pédagogique 1
Authors: April Daniel , Bouchamma Yamina
Published: February 2018

La supervision pédagogique comme composante de la qualité d’enseignement constitue un défi pour les directions d’établissement, responsables de la gestion pédagogique. À cet égard, cette recherche collaborative a amené 21 directions à traiter de leurs pratiques gagnantes pour surmonter les obstacles qu’elles rencontrent en supervision. Nous avons classé chaque type d’obstacles en fonction des capacités transversales du ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport du Québec (2008). Par le biais d’un partage d'expertises lors de dix rencontres en groupe focalisé, deux groupes et praticiens et des chercheurs ont répertorié collectivement un ensemble de pratiques gagnantes mises de l’avant pour surmonter chacun de ces types d’obstacles. Les participants de cette étude ont surtout ciblé les structures collaboratives en termes de pratiques gagnantes et les implications des modes d’accompagnement individuel comme obstacles à surmonter. De plus, les politiques de reddition de comptes apparaissent à la fois comme des outils de contrôle et comme des leviers à la supervision.
Le point de vue des directions de centres de formation professionnelle sur la formation universitaire à l’enseignement professionnel 1
Authors: Tardif Marc , Deschenaux Frédéric
Published: February 2018

Cet article vise à décrire l’évaluation que font les directions des centres de formation professionnelle-CFP du programme de formation à l’enseignement professionnel-FEP en place depuis 2003, et de confronter cette évaluation aux compétences requises et attendues de ces directions. Toutes les directions et directions adjointes de centres de formation professionnelle-CFP au Québec ont été sollicitées par sondage électronique. Les répondants, qui ont une connaissance plutôt moyenne des programmes de FEP offerts, confirment la qualité et la pertinence du programme et questionnent la durée de celui-ci. Par ailleurs, un ordonnancement de leurs critères de sélection lors de l’embauche d’un nouvel enseignant mérite une analyse plus en profondeur. La confrontation de ces résultats avec les compétences du référentiel pour la gestion d’un établissement d’enseignement amène à conclure qu’une meilleure connaissance des fondements des programmes de formation à l’enseignement professionnel-FEP par les directions de centres de formation professionnelle-CFP favoriserait les actions pouvant être posées en lien avec certaines des compétences de ce référentiel.
La fonction de direction scolaire adjointe : une comparaison des sources de stress entre adjoints et directions
Authors: Poirel Emmanuel , Yvon Frédéric , Lapointe Pierre , Denecker Carl
Published: February 2018

Cette recherche porte sur la fonction de direction scolaire adjointe en comparant les sources de stress au travail de 67 directions adjointes avec celles de 171 directions d’école au Québec. À la suite des analyses de variances, les différences trouvées entre les postes indiquent que les adjoints sont moins dérangés par les contraintes administratives que les directions, particulièrement en ce qui concerne la charge de travail et la longueur des journées ainsi que l’obligation de devoir se conformer aux règles et procédures. Une analyse complémentaire des données montre, par contre, que les directions adjointes souffrent davantage du manque de renseignements pour effectuer adéquatement leur travail, mais moins des conflits à gérer entre les membres de l’équipe-école et de la préparation du budget. De tels résultats permettent d’alimenter une réflexion sur les spécificités de ces deux fonctions, de manière à en tenir compte dans les programmes de formation et le fonctionnement des équipes de gestion.
L’égalité, l’indépendance et l’union de fait : le choix de l’union de fait et du mariage au Québec et en Ontario de 1986 à 2011
Authors: Laplante Benoît , Fostik Ana
Published: February 2018

Le débat qui a entouré la cause « Lola c. Éric » a renouvelé l’intérêt pour le rôle de l’indépendance économique de la conjointe et l’égalité des conjoints dans le couple dans le choix entre le mariage et l’union libre comme forme de vie conjugale. Il force également à réfléchir sur la signification sociale de la différence marquée entre le Québec et le reste du Canada dans l’usage de l’union de fait. Nous abordons la question en la reliant à la différence conceptuelle profonde qui sépare les systèmes de droit privé et d’État social des deux sociétés. Nous utilisons les microdonnées de l’échantillon de 20 % de la population qui a rempli le formulaire « long » du recensement canadien en 1986, 1996 et 2006 et de l’Enquête nationale auprès des ménages de 2011 en estimant, au moyen de la régression logistique, l’effet d’une série de caractéristiques sur la probabilité de vivre en union de fait plutôt que d’être mariée chez les femmes âgées de 20 à 49 ans qui vivent dans une union conjugale. Afin d’éviter de comparer des ensembles trop hétérogènes, nous comparons les francophones du Québec et les anglophones de l’Ontario. Les résultats montrent que dans les couples où la conjointe est active, l’indépendance économique de la conjointe et l’égalité économique des conjoints ont un effet significatif, mais secondaire sur la probabilité de vivre en union de fait. Au Québec, l’union de fait est la norme dans toutes les couches sociales pour tous les couples où la conjointe est active ; le mariage est plus fréquent dans les couples où la femme n’est pas active. En Ontario, vivre ensemble sans être mariés au-delà de 30 ans est essentiellement une affaire de classe sociale.
Combien d’enfants en double résidence ou en garde partagée ? Sources et mesures dans les contextes québécois et canadien
Authors: Pelletier David
Published: February 2018

À la base de ce texte se trouve une question très simple : combien d’enfants partagent leur temps de façon plus ou moins égale entre la résidence de leur mère et celle de leur père à la suite de la séparation de ceux-ci ? Après une description des nombreux enjeux liés à la mesure des arrangements résidentiels des enfants, une analyse critique des différentes sources de données disponibles aux niveaux québécois et canadien permet de constater le caractère fragmentaire de nos connaissances actuelles sur le sujet. Au final, la réponse apportée reste équivoque. D’un point de vue relatif, on peut affirmer sans trop de risques de se tromper que le nombre d’enfants en double résidence a augmenté rapidement au cours des deux dernières décennies, et davantage au Québec que dans le reste du Canada. Concernant les niveaux absolus, cependant, beaucoup d’incertitude demeure puisque les chiffres produits par les diverses sources concordent rarement. L’intégration de données d’enquête et de données administratives sera probablement nécessaire afin d’apporter une réponse plus solide.
Analyse de la cohabitation spatiale des communautés immigrantes avec les francophones et les anglophones de la région métropolitaine de Montréal
Authors: Marois Guillaume , Lord Sébastien , Bélanger Alain
Published: February 2018

Au cours des 20e et 21e siècles, la région métropolitaine de Montréal a connu plusieurs vagues successives d’immigration provenant de plusieurs pays et abrite aujourd’hui nombre de communautés d’origines diverses. Si la théorie de l’assimilation spatiale prévoit que peu à peu, les immigrants tendent à avoir des comportements comparables à ceux des natifs en matière de localisation résidentielle, ce processus peut suivre différentes dynamiques dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal, puisqu’elle est historiquement peuplée de deux grandes communautés natives, les francophones et les anglophones, qui ont chacun des comportements résidentiels distincts. L’objectif de cet article est de mesurer et d’analyser la cohabitation résidentielle des personnes issues de l’immigration avec les communautés d’accueil francophone et anglophone. La population étudiée est sélectionnée dans l’Enquête nationale auprès des ménages de 2011 et est constituée de la population vivant dans un ménage dont le principal soutien est soit lui-même né à l’étranger, soit a un parent né à l’étranger. Pour chacune des quinze plus importantes communautés immigrantes, nous avons construit deux modèles de régressions ayant comme variables dépendantes respectivement la proportion de francophones de 3e génération vivant dans le quartier et la proportion d’anglophones de 3e génération, de manière à calculer des indices d’interaction standardisés selon une série de variables indépendantes (âge, sexe, durée de résidence, scolarité, revenu et connaissances linguistiques). Il en ressort que dans l’ensemble, l’assimilation spatiale des communautés immigrantes ne se fait pas en référence aux francophones majoritaires, mais plutôt en référence à la minorité anglophone. Une forte hétérogénéité s’observe toutefois entre les communautés et au sein de celles-ci.
« Les ploucs, les bourgeoises et les filles1 comme nous. » Ethnosociographie d’un cours de yoga démocratique
Authors: Madec Annick
Published: February 2018

Par la participation observante durant plusieurs années de ce qui se dit et se fait dans des cours de yoga, cet article montre les rapports sociaux construits par des femmes de différentes classes sociales qui pratiquent une même activité, mais ne partagent pas les mêmes valeurs. Examiner comment égalité et coopération sont mobilisées dans les manières d’être d’élèves yogis permet de montrer que ces valeurs restent au coeur des cultures populaires et de distinguer deux groupes : les mutualistes, héritières de ces cultures, qui assument leurs origines sociales, et les compétitrices, individualistes, qui plagient les catégories supérieures. La transmission des éthos de classe n’opère pas systématiquement terme à terme.
Études qualitatives d’usages numériques et approche critique
Authors: Vidal Geneviève
Published: February 2018

La mise en perspective de près de dix années d’études d’usages numériques dans le secteur muséal qui rend compte de la richesse de l’approche empirique permet d’analyser le renouvellement de la diffusion culturelle. La recherche critique sur les usages engage des enjeux méthodologiques favorisant, sur le terrain, des suivis d’usagers plutôt que le recueil de données exclusivement centrées sur les usages, afin de cerner les interactions de pratiques. L’approche interdisciplinaire, croisant les sciences de l’information et de la communication, la sociologie et les sciences de l’ingénieur, est mobilisée. Ainsi, l’articulation entre étude de terrain, comme contribution à l’analyse de l’appropriation sociale des technologies numériques, et cadres théorique et conceptuel relatifs à la recherche critique et interdisciplinaire sur les usages ouvre sur la dialectique du renoncement négocié.
Relier l’induction et la critique en formation et en recherche : un parti-pris issu de la théorie et de la pratique
Authors: Berryman Tom
Published: February 2018

Prenant appui sur des pratiques de formation et de recherche en contexte universitaire, cet article constitue une sorte d’invitation à relier l’induction et la critique dans ces deux champs de pratique. La première partie du texte est centrée sur la formation alors que la deuxième est centrée sur la recherche. Chaque partie possède une structure similaire. Elle débute de manière inductive avec un exemple de pratique avant de se tourner vers des considérations plus théoriques. Inspirée notamment parL’imagination sociologiquede Charles Wright Mills originalement publié en 1959, la thèse développée ici est celle d’une grande actualité des propos de Mills qui insistait pour articuler biographie, histoire et société en résistant à la « suprême théorie » et à « l’empiricité libérale ». Le contexte actuel de la vie universitaire invite à actualiser de tels regards tant sur les pratiques de formation que sur les pratiques de recherche.
MTE et psychanalyse : analyse en tandem et pensées associatives enracinées
Authors: Castonguay Laurent , Noël Raphaële
Published: February 2018

Cet article présente une conceptualisation de paramètres méthodologiques de la thèse de spécialisation du premier auteur. La procédure d’analyse des données de même que les outils réflexifs employés par les deux chercheurs sont ici mis en perspective avec la pensée psychanalyse et la MTE. De cette pratique réflexive émergent deux notions clés : une attitude de pensée associative comme enrichissement et voie de passage vers une analyse conceptualisante et la pratique d’une analyse collaborative des données dans la perspective du recours complémentaire à deux subjectivités.
Adaptive genetic variation at three loci in South African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and the role of selection within Primates
Authors: Coetzer Willem G , Turner Trudy R , Schmitt Christopher A , Grobler J Paul
Published: February 2018

Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) are one of the most widely distributed non-human primate species found in South Africa. They occur across all the South African provinces, inhabiting a large variety of habitats. These habitats vary sufficiently that it can be assumed that various factors such as pathogen diversity could influence populations in different ways. In turn, these factors could lead to varied levels of selection at specific fitness linked loci. The Toll-like Receptor gene family, which play an integral role in vertebrate innate immunity, is a group of fitness linked loci which has been the focus of much research. In this study, we assessed the level of genetic variation at partial sequences of two TLR loci (TLR4 and 7) and a reproductively linked gene, acrosin (ACR), across the different habitat types within the vervet monkey distribution range. Gene variation and selection estimates were also made among 11 – 21 primate species. Low levels of genetic variation for all three gene regions were observed within vervet monkeys. TLR7 variation was positively correlated with high mean annual rainfall, which was linked to increased pathogen abundance. Population genetic variation at TLR4 might have been influenced by numerous factors such as pathogens and climatic conditions. The ACR exonic regions showed no variation in vervet monkeys, which could point to the occurrence of a selective sweep. The TLR4 and TLR7 results for the among primate analyses was mostly in line with previous studies, indicating a higher rate of evolution for TLR4. Within primates, ACR also showed signs of positive selection, which was congruent with previous reports on mammals. Important additional information to the already existing vervet monkey knowledge base was gained from this study. Conservation agencies can use this information for future management planning involving translocations of this species.