bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Potential of Sweet Violet (Banafsha) on Human Body
Authors: Ashfaq Maimoona , Arshad Misbah , Rizwan Bahisht
Published: April 2022

Sweet violet commonly known as Gul-e-Bafasha or Banafsha is a herb widely used as ethnomedicine in dried form in Pakistan for the treatment of various disease or symptoms. Viola odorata had phytochemicals constituents (flavonoids, flavanols, ascorbic acid, phenolics) and antioxidative property Objective: The goal of this research is to emphasize Viola Odorat's (Gul-e-Banafsha) therapeutic benefits on human health. Methods: This review literature is assessed from the previous data available from google scholar, Medline and PubMed. After going through the published articles, researches and literature, initially 104 articles were included, after excluding irrelevant and repeated articles, 37-full text articles and abstract were relevant and found eligible for the study. Results: Sweet violet scientifically known as Viola odorata  has been widely used as ethnomedicine in rural areas of Pakistan for the treatment of skin infection, insomnia, inflammation, cough, fever and Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD) with very low adverse side effects. Its leaves are used as antiseptic used as ointment and its flower has a laxative effect.  It is rich in flavonoids like widely known for its therapeutic properties. Due to its phenolic property, it had antioxidant and antimicrobial property, presences of flavonoids had an anti-cancerous effect, it had tannins which reduces the mutagenic activity and it had saponins which reduces blood glucose levels in body. Presence of saponins in Sweet violet lead to the anticarcinogens, melanogenesis, neuroprotective, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory property. Presence of Isoquinoline alkaloids constituent led to expectorant and antipyretic effect. Viola odorata is used as phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceutical agent. Conclusions: Sweet Voila had acclaimed the therapeutic effect on human health as antiseptic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antilipidemic and hepatoprotective activity due to the presences of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and coumarins.
A Comparative Analysis Between Two Varieties of Wheat By Means of in-vitro Propagation
Authors: Baig Ameer Hamza , Hasnain Ammarah , Kanwal Shazia
Published: April 2022

With increasing population, world is facing a decrease in food production and increase in huger. Scientist and researchers are now trying to developing techniques to isolate the high yield varieties of staple food crops and enhance the cropping structure. In this study two varieties of wheat (T. aestivum L.) are selected and made a comparative analysis of them is carried out by making callus culture. Callus culture will give the idea about growing capabilities of each variety. Methods: In vitro propagation technique is used to induce callogenesis with the help of PGR. Auxin is used as a PGR, whereas embryos were explants used for the experiment. The experiment is divided into these stages: Surface sterilization, Stock solution formation, Media formation, Embryo excision and Frequency of Callogenesis (%). Results: Out of 60 excised embryos 18 and 12 calli were formed for Galaxy-2013-2013 and Faisalabad-2008-2008 respectively. Calli of Galaxy-2013-2013 was visible after 8 days and calli of Faisalabad-2008 were visible after 14 days.  The frequency of callogenesis of both varieties was found to be 30 and 20% respectively. Conclusion: Both varieties of wheat can be cultivated on large scale and are able to generate greater yields as compared to other wheat varieties.
Accuracy of the sonographic acromion to greater tuberosity distance during abduction in the diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome
Authors: Bacha Raham , Gilani Syed Amir , Hanif Asif , Manzoor Iqra , Butt Sabir , Khadija Syeda
Published: April 2022

Shoulder impingement is the painful entrapment of the soft tissues in the shoulder outlet. Currently, dynamic sonography of the shoulder is the modality of choice for the evaluation of shoulder impingement syndrome. However, the current sonographic criteria for the evaluation of shoulder impingement is more subjective (operator dependent). And it is rather difficult for a novice observer to diagnose it. The measurable distance between acromion and greater tuberosity is during shoulder abduction is considered for shoulder impingement syndrome. Objective: To estimate the accuracy of the acromion to greater tuberosity distance in shoulder abduction as a sonographic diagnostic parameter for the shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: Seven hundred and seventy-two shoulders were observed in this study. All the shoulders were evaluated with Toshiba Xario Prime ultrasound Unit with linear transducer 7-14MHz. Acromion to greater tuberosity distance was measured during the abducted arm. All the shoulders with measurable distance during abduction were declared as positive for impingement while unmeasurable distance due to disappearance of the greater tuberosity underneath the acromion was normal. Results: At 95% confidence interval, the sensitivity, and specificity with lower and upper limits, of the acromion to greater tuberosity distance during abduction for the diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome were 0.9731% (95.25 to 98.49%) and 100% (98.49 to 100%) respectively. While the positive-predictive and negative-predictive value were 100% (98.22% to 100%) and 97.12% (94.96% to 98.37%) respectively. However, the overall Accuracy at 95% confidence interval was 98.45% (97.30% to 99.20%). There was a high-grade interobserver (novice and expert) agreement in the diagnosis of shoulder impingement through this criteria with a Kappa value of 0.96. Conclusion: Sonographically measurable acromion to greater tuberosity distance in abduction is a more accurate, reliable, and objective technique for the diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome.
Evaluating the Anti-Diabetic Effect of Ginger Powder in Experimental Rats
Authors: Maqsood Maryam , Bader Ul Ain Huma , Tufail Tabussam , Bibi Shazia , Ahmad Baila , Imran Sahar , Kanwal Javaria , Ali Mehboob , Ijaz Nabia , Ahmad Saleha
Published: April 2022

In the current research paper, the effect of ginger powder on diabetic rats was probed. The bio-adequacy study was observed on Alloxan prompted Wistar rodents by taking ginger powder at three levels for example 1%, 3% and 5% ginger powder for a time of about a month. There were 4 gatherings (one was control and the other three getting various rates of ginger powder), each containing 5 rodents. The blood tests were gathered at multi day, fifteenth day and 28th day. Glucose and insulin levels were estimated. The information in this manner acquired was genuinely investigated to discover the degree of importance. Results showed that glucose levels essentially diminished alongside critical expansion in insulin levels. This examination configuration infers that ginger powder has constructive outcomes in bringing down glucose levels. Subsequently, use of ginger powder and ginger tea ought to be expanded in diabetic patients to diminish hyperglycemia in diabetic patients and defeat from high BSL levels in pre-diabetics. The conclusive results of this study were that ginger powder effected and show anti-diabetic effects as mean values of glucose levels dropped from 362.35±25.61 to 117.94±10.96. Proximate analysis showed that ginger powder contains ash, moisture, crude fat, crude fiber and crude protein content as 6.5% ± 0.31, 19.9% ± 1.50, 12.6% ± 0.50, 5.2% ± 0.11, 9.9% ± 0.34 respectively. Moreover, in liver functions, ALP, ALT, AST were examined resulting as a drop in mean values from 154.20±11.86 to 153.89±11.53, from 51.93±4.32 to 50.68±4.15 and from 106.77±12.85 to 110.26±11.54 respectively.
Independent Neighbourhoods of Sets in Bn Groups
Authors: Sahakyan H. K. , Margaryan Zh. G.
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the structural problems and cardinality problems of pairs of non-empty subsets with certain restrictions with respect to the space where the sum is by modulo 2. The described subsets are related, in many cases, to the construction of error-correcting codes on additive communication channels, and to the quantitative bounds of their cardinality.
REVEALING THE KINGDOM:AN EXAMINATION OF JESUS’ ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN IN MATTHEW’S GOSPEL
Authors: S. Bullock Jacob
Published: April 2022

This paper argues that in Matthew’s Gospel Jesus is portrayed through his miracles, parables, and teachings to be the promised servant of YHWH in Isaiah 61. This paper will explore Matthew’s use of his source material to highlight Jesus’ role as the representative of YHWH and mediator of the Covenant. This paper will conclude that Jesus’s miracles and teachings demonstrate the “first fruits” of the coming of the Kingdom of Heaven. Finally, the paper will demonstrate that Jesus’s teaching explores the “already but not yet” tensions present in the prophecies of Messiah as the servant of YHWH which will only be realized in the eschaton.
JESUS’S NEW COMMANDMENT IN JOHN 13:34-35: “LOVE YOUR NEIGHBOUR MORE THAN YOURSELF” IN ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Amevenku Frederick Mawusi
Published: April 2022

Using historical critical exegesis, this paper argues that Jn 13:34-35 commands a radical love that requires Christians to love their neighbours more than themselves. The aim of the paper is twofold. First, the paper demonstrates that there is a consistent ethical teaching of radical love in John’s Gospel and second, it shows that the ethics of John’s Gospel is not inward looking as some have claimed. If Christians love others as themselves, they fulfil a demand of the Mosaic Law. Jesus reinterpreted the Law in Jn 13:34 and commanded a higher standard of love for his followers. Therefore, Christian mission demands the Jesus standard―loving others more than yourself. Jesus’s example and teaching serve as the gift and the demand.
The Imagery of Love in the Book of Hosea (Hosea 3:1-5): A Word Study
Authors: Subramani Rev. Dr. N.
Published: April 2022

The book of Hosea presents sincere devotion and commitment to the Lord. The prophet’s message was mostly warnings, but there is a note of hope in the form of sincere repentance and asking for God's forgiveness, followed by a renewed commitment to the Lord. The people of Israel may find forgiveness and restoration to God’s favour and blessings. The prophet Hosea was instructed by God to symbolically prophesy to the Israelites about their disobedience to His call, and they would be punished if they did not return to the Lord their God. The prophecy is aptly represented in the marriage of Hosea to an adulterous woman, Gomer. God, represented by Hosea, had a covenant with Israel, but the latter turned him over to other gods. God foretold the punishment that would befall Israel, as well as the mercy that would befall them if they repented and returned to him through Hosea. The prophet’s message speaks of God’s steadfast love, portrayed through the suffering husband of an unfaithful wife. Hosea’s message is also considered a warning to them, and they will turn their backs on God’s love. Through the symbolic presentation of the marriage of Hosea and Gomer, God’s love for the idolatrous nation of Israel is displayed in a rich metaphor. This essay explains how the message of Hosea is relevant in the present context.
THEORETICAL WRITINGS ON THE BEASTS OF THE BOOK OF REVELATIONS
Authors: Sikoka Johannes , Zealous Bible Studies
Published: April 2022

The study is based on the beasts of prophesy that are talked about in the book of revelations. The study is pure theory and signals on the beast that rises from the Earth as well as the one that rises from the sea. The purpose of the study is to examine the text in the book of revelations and highlight this text where necessary. By carefully examining the text describing the two beasts of revelation 13 encryptions in the text of this part of the bible become visible. The supposed encrypted text that was pointed out in the study signals on the disseat of the beast that arises from the Earth. The disseat is at the expense of the inhabitants of the Earth, when the time that the 10 kings talked about in revelations 17 can give their power to the first beast is no longer possible and it was also discovered by examining the text of revelations 13 that the second beast gives the 10 kings a kingdom (be it the 1 promised to them in prophesy or that the kingdom given to the 10 kings by the second beast is because of the one promised to them in prophesy that they would have already claimed before the second beast gives them another one).
RATIONALE FOR KEEPING A COMPREHENSIVE UP TO DATE INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL INPUTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION STAKEHOLDERS IN NIGERIA
Authors: OYEWALE Babatunde Yunus
Published: April 2022

Inventory management is the application of systematic approach using educational inputs to control the quality and quantity of information required towards achieving peak performance by educational instructors and which eventually translates into better academic performance of students. These educational inputs are therefore essential tools that could assist educational instructors to function maximally. However, most studies on the link between educational inputs and job performance have always been on the impact of availability of educational inputs without much attention on the management of these educational inputs. The study investigated the rationale for keeping a comprehensive up to date inventory of educational inputs. The study concluded that there exist educational inputs inventory problems in Nigeria education system because there are evident components and these could be curbed effectively by the adoption of the right management options
White-Box Attacks on Hate-speech BERT Classifiers in German with Explicit and Implicit Character Level Defense
Authors: Khan Shahrukh , Shahid Mahnoor , Singh Navdeeppal
Published: April 2022

Attention based Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results in natural language processing (NLP). However, recent work shows that the underlying attention mechanism can be exploited by adversaries to craft malicious inputs designed to induce spurious outputs, thereby harming model performance and trustworthiness. Unlike in the vision domain, the literature examining neural networks under adversarial conditions in the NLP domain is limited and most of it focuses mainly on the English language. In this paper, we first analyze the adversarial robustness of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) models for German datasets. Second, we introduce two novel NLP attacks. Namely, a character-level and a word-level attacks, both of which utilize attention scores to calculate where to inject character-level and word-level noise, respectively. Finally, we present two defense strategies against the attacks above. The first implicit character-level defense is a variant of adversarial training, which trains a new classifier capable of abstaining/rejecting certain (ideally adversarial) inputs. The other explicit character-level defense learns a latent representation of the complete training data vocabulary and then maps all tokens of an input example to the same latent space, enabling the replacement of all out of vocabulary tokens with the most similar in-vocabulary tokens based on the cosine similarity metric.
Construction Path and Simulation Deduction of Cross-border Financial Cooperation Mechanism in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Zhu Zhaohong , Yan Bo , Hong Fanqi
Published: April 2022

The financial environment of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area involves many aspects such as politics and economy. It is a complex dynamic process. In order to explore the impact of different influencing factors on the financial environment of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, this paper starts from three subsystems including economic growth, financial development, and government behavior. Carrying out simulation, through empirical analysis, we put forward policy recommendations to promote the financial environment of the Greater Bay Area.
Research on Logistics Supply Chain Management in the Process of Online Sales of E-commerce Agricultural Products
Authors: Zhang Huiying
Published: April 2022

If the country wants to develop rural E-commerce, the Internet and mobile Internet should reconstruct a new system of rural commerce and trade within the prefecture-level city. The E-commerce platform builds an information management system for online sales, and the platform improves the operational efficiency and data service capabilities of agricultural products; develops online sales to solve the problem of rising agricultural products, connects urban and rural E-commerce online sales of agricultural products, and provides convenience for community supermarkets and conveniences in ground-level cities. stores and various community terminal service online stores. On the one hand, the operation service center with prefecture-level cities and counties as the sub-centers introduces the cooperation of E-commerce service enterprises to provide services for the online sales of agricultural products, which effectively improves the logistics supply chain management in the process of online sales of E-commerce agricultural products.
Study on population aging, birth policy and long-term care insurance participation
Authors: Li Weijia
Published: April 2022

With the deepening of the aging of Chinese society, the participation rate of long-term care insurance for the elderly is rising rapidly. However, at the same time, the implementation of China’s multi-child policy has increased the burden of families. In order to realize the balance between providing for the elderly and raising multiple children, how would different families make their decisions on purchasing long-term care insurance? Based on the data of CHARLS 2018, this paper applied Logistic regression method to empirically test the impact of population aging and the number of children on the participation of families in long-term care insurance for the elderly. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the age of the elderly in the family and long-term care insurance participation. With the increase of age of the elderly, families were found to be more likely to buy long-term care insurance, and this effect remained consistent in urban and rural areas. However, the number of children inhibited the purchase of long-term care insurance. The more children a family had, the more likely it would be to reduce the purchase of long-term care insurance for the elderly. This relationship was significant in urban areas, but not in rural areas. Therefore, when China implements the multi-child policy, it is necessary to pay attention to the crowding-out effect of elderly care security.
The Influence of Food Tourism Experience on Revisit Intention
Authors: Zhong Wen , Kang Dandan
Published: April 2022

With the advent of the experience economy and the change of tourists' consumption concept, tourists pay more and more attention to the experience process of tourism, and the food experience has become an important factor for many tourists to choose tourism destinations. Based on this, this paper took Chengdu Jianshe Road as an example, carried out a combined online and offline questionnaire survey on Chengdu Jianshe Road tourists, and adopted SPSS 26 software to conduct factor, correlation and regression analysis to explore the effect of food experience on land revisit intention. First, tourists' evaluation indicators of Chengdu Jianshe Road can be divided into four dimensions: food characteristics, soft and hard conditions, food culture, and price level, which are generally positive. There was no significant correlation between revisit intentions (P<0.05); in addition, through the exploration on the relationship between gourmet tourism experience and revisit intentions, it was found that food characteristics had a significant positive impact on revisit intentions (β=0.715, p < 0.01), and has the greatest influence. In theory, this paper innovatively incorporates the exploration of food tourism experience as a core variable into the study of revisit intention, and provides relevant suggestions for future food research. In practice, this research has important reference significance for the marketing and development of food tourism destinations.
Empirical Analysis of Political Participation, Government Response and Environmental Governance Satisfaction Based on CGSS2015 Data
Authors: Yin Jiateng
Published: April 2022

Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has grown by leaps and bounds, and many significant achievements have been made in just over forty years. However, rapid economic growth has also brought about serious resource consumption and environmental pollution, especially represented by water and air pollution. At present, the overall strategy of sustainable development and ecological civilisation requires environmental governance to be a public task that must be addressed, and ecological governance is an integral part of the modernisation of governance systems and capabilities. The report of the 19th National Congress points out that "the strictest ecological and environmental protection system in history will be built, and more attention will be paid to guiding the public to play an effective role in environmental governance. Establish an environmental governance system in which the government is the leader, enterprises are the main body, and social organisations and the public participate." It is clear from this that environmental governance is a systematic project that needs to be shared between the government and the public. This paper investigates the relationship between government satisfaction with environmental governance, government responsiveness and citizens' political participation to explore the impact of government responsiveness and political participation on satisfaction with environmental governance, as well as the impact of government responsiveness on citizens' participation in environmental governance.
Study on the strategy of financial support to enhance the competitiveness of Shandong peninsula
Authors: Kuang Xin , Zhang Xinzhen
Published: April 2022

Shandong Peninsula is an important economic development area in China, and its superior geographical location and abundant resources provide a good foundation for rapid economic development. In order to further enhance the economic strength of Shandong Peninsula and the regional competitiveness of Shandong Peninsula city cluster, it is inevitable to strengthen the financial and fiscal support for the peninsula, integrate the financial structure and further expand the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economy Demonstration Zone within the national economic circle. influence. Starting from the significant problems in financial support on the Shandong Peninsula, this paper presents the problems of the peninsula city cluster in three aspects: financial resources, financial supervision, and urban-rural integration. The corresponding solution measures are also proposed to add another hand to the economic level of Shandong Peninsula.
Development and utilization of clean energy in Tibet
Authors: Wang Junle , Wan Li
Published: April 2022

With the acceleration of modernization, environmental protection and sustainable economic and social development have attracted more and more national attention. Therefore, the development and utilization of clean energy has important practical significance under the background of the national scientific outlook on development. As an important ecological protection area in China, it is an inevitable trend for the future economic and social development of Tibet to take clean energy as energy support. Therefore, accelerating the development and utilization of clean energy in Tibet is of great significance to respond to the national energy strategy, the economic development of the autonomous region, the protection of ecological environment and the stability and prosperity of the region. Therefore, we need to promote the energy revolution, accelerate energy technology innovation, and build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system.
ОБЩЕСТВО И ПРАВО ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ СЕМИОТИКИ – НАУКИ О СИМВОЛАХ ПРАВА
Authors: Уткир О.
Published: April 2022

В статье исследуется процесс зарождения и развития концепции науки о символах права – юридической семиотики и проблемы определения ее статуса.

Мақолада ҳуқуқ рамзлари тўғрисидаги фан – ҳуқуқий семиотика тушунчасининг келиб чиқиши ва ривожланиши, мақоми муаммоси ўрганилган.

The articles discusses the origin and development of the concept of the science of the symbols of law – legal semiotics and the problem of determining its status
INDICADOR DE DESEMPENHO COMPETITIVO: ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO DE MILHO NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO COMO FATOR DETERMINANTE DO DESENVOLVIMENTO COMPETITIVO TERRITORIAL
Authors: Chaves Thainá Grote , Backes Dal Maso Anadyne , Marcos Rodrigues Figueiredo Adriano , Dallemole Dilamar
Published: April 2022

No Brasil, o agronegócio se tornou um dos principais setores responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da economia com expressiva participação no mercado externo. A produção de milho se destaca no cenário agrícola brasileiro, dada sua utilização como fonte de alimento, na produção do etanol de milho, além de apresentar uma significativa relevância na balança comercial do agronegócio brasileiro. O estado de Mato Grosso é considerado o maior produtor de milho brasileiro, com uma produção aproximada de 32 milhões de toneladas/ano. Dada esta importância, o presente artigo objetiva mensurar o índice de desempenho competitivo (IDC), aplicado aos vinte maiores produtores municipais da cultura graneleira do milho no estado de Mato Grosso, de forma a identificar o comportamento da competitividade territorial que esta cultura proporciona ao estado. Diante das variáveis analisadas, a competitividade presente nestes municípios é explicada por cerca de 85,17% destas, e assim, foi possível inferir que a competitividade nestes municípios leva o Mato Grosso ao posto de um dos maiores produtores de milho. Dessa forma, dentre os municípios analisados, os mais competitivos entre os maiores produtores do grão, destacou-se o município de Sorriso como o mais competitivo.
Sosialisasi Perencanaan Keuangan Rumah Tangga Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: V.P. Yamanop Alfrida , E. Rumbiak Yensawai
Published: April 2022

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini untuk membantu kelompok ibu rumah tangga di Komplek Rusunawa Koramil Hawai Sentani untuk siap dan sigap dalam menghadapi masa pandemi covid-19. Metode kegiatan sosialisasi ini dilakukan dengan pemberian materi, kegiatan praktek dan evaluasi hasil. Seluruh peserta sangat antusias dan merespon kegiatan sosialisasi dengan baik. Peserta mengatakan bahwa kegiatan ini sangat baik dan membantu mereka para ibu rumah tangga terutama untuk pembuatan menu keluarga agar anggota keluarga tidak menjadi bosan.
The Active Methodology of Gamification to Improve Motivation and Academic Performance in Educational Context: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mula-Falcón Javier , Moya-Roselló Iñaki , Ruiz-Ariza Alberto
Published: April 2022

Gamification is an active methodology that involves using game elements in a non-game situation. Gamification has shown to increase motivation and learning in different types of academic students; however, the educational literature shows inconclusive findings. The aim of this meta-analysis is to analyse the effects of gamification on motivation and academic performance in an educational context. Sixteen interventions carried out between January 2010 and the end of January 2022 were retrieved from the databases and included in this meta-analysis. One study was carried out in Primary school, three in Secondary school, and twelve in universities. Four papers analysed the effects on motivation, five on academic performance and seven on both. Results showed that gamification could increase the motivation (SMD = 0.51; 95% CI [0.29, 0.73]; I2 59%; p < 0.00001) and academic performance (SMD = 0.89; 95% CI [0.45, 1.32]; I2 90%; p < 0.0001) in all the educational stages. The implications of including gamification programmes in the educational context are discussed.
Menelusuri dan Membandingkan Transportasi Publik Berbasis Rel antara Kuala Lumpur dengan Jakarta
Authors: Razak Muhammad Rais Rahmat , Ahmad Jamaluddin
Published: April 2022

Management of public transportation in Indonesia, especially Jakarta, as the capital city of the country, is lagging behind the developed countries in the world and lagging behind seeing progress in Southeast Asian countries, thus directly affecting the low competitiveness of investment and the level of national tourist destinations. This paper aims to explore rail-based public transportation in Kuala Lumpur and compare with conditions in Jakarta. The method used is a descriptive analysis by tracing public transportation through comparative study activities in students of the Master of Public Administration. The results of a comparative study show that the public transportation system in Kuala lumpur especially rail-based transportation is still better than Jakarta. This is because the mode of transportation has been integrated as the Klang Valley Integrated Rail Transit, including; KL Monorail, LRT (light rapid transit), KTM Commuter, KLIA Express / KLIA Transit, and MRT (Mass Rapid Transit).
Hybrid HIIT/isometrics strength training programs: a paradigm shift for physical exercise
Authors: Wyche Luis , Rojo-Gil Guillermo , Marín-Peiró María , Pérez-Turpin José Antonio , Gómez-Paternina Jaime Enrique , Elvira Carlos , Ayers Duncan
Published: April 2022

This review aims to, firstly, to revise the importance of achieving, maintaining and recovering muscle mass and strength for improved health outcomes. Secondly, evaluate the benefits of directing the focus of medical interventions towards hypertrophic exercise and diet as an effective treatment to improve health and longevity. Thirdly, we propose the CyFit SmartGym, a novel device, as a potential screening tool for monitoring strength levels and as a HIIT/strength training for improving and documenting health outcomes.
Study of VO2max and body composition in trained soldiers of the army special operations unit
Authors: Terol-Sanchis Mario , Elvira Carlos , Gomis-Gomis María José , Amatria-Jiménez Mario , Pérez-Turpin Jose Antonio
Published: April 2022

The objective of this article was to establish comparisons between different special operations units of the army. 91 male subjects (mean ± Standard deviation; age: 33.05 ± 3.28 years; height: 1.77 ± 1.37 m; body weight 79.02 ± 1.59 kg), divided into 4 groups (mountain, diving, UEO and mobility), were evaluated through body composition and stress tests. A bioimpedance test was carried out to determine the different tissues and an incremental treadmill stress test with a gas analyser to establish the different physiological parameters. The results showed significant differences in terms of heart rate (HR) in the different thresholds (ventilatory threshold 1, ventilatory threshold 2 and maximum oxygen consumption) and in the speed reached in these (p < .05). On the other hand, with respect to body composition (muscle mass weight, % fat mass and fat weight), no significant differences were observed between the different groups analysed (p > .05).
Multicomponent elastic training improves short-term body composition and balance in older women
Authors: Saez-Berlanga Angel , Gargallo Pedro , Gene-Morales Javier , Babiloni Carlos , Colado Juan Carlos , Juesas Alvaro
Published: April 2022

The aim was assessing the short-term effects of multicomponent training including some elastic exercises on body composition and balance in healthy older women. In two sessions/week for 12 weeks, 24 women performed 4 blocks of exercise in 2 experimental conditions: a) Control Group; b) Multicomponent Training Group (EMC). The following variables were assessed: % of body fat and different static and dynamic balance tests. EMC protocol including exercises with elastic bands performed at progressive intensity and volume over time is effective for improving body composition and balance in healthy older women.
Solar Absorption Index (SAI) as a Parameter to Assess the Coolness of Fabrics Exposed to Sunlight
Authors: Scipioni Marco , Silva Edmir , Farahi Faramarz , Farahi Faramarz
Published: April 2022

Any textiles intended for outdoor usage, particularly in a hot climate with intense sunlight, must be designed and engineered to provide cooling comfort to the wearer. In the case of apparel, clothing creates a microclimate that helps the body maintain its regular thermoregulatory and physiological activities while offering protection against outdoor exposure to UV rays. It is well known that fabrics that absorb significant amounts of solar radiation become inherently hot and feel uncomfortable. This article presents a review of the fundamental radiation interaction mechanisms of fabrics and discusses the key role that fabric structure plays in fabric radiation absorption to determine how cool or hot a fabric will become when exposed to sunlight. A new parameter called the Solar Absorption Index (SAI) is introduced and can be used to characterise the level of coolness (or hotness) of a fabric exposed to solar radiation. The SAI is calculated directly from the fabric’s temperature, ultimately the main factor in determining fabric ability to stay cool. The discussion presented in this article focuses solely on the interaction between solar radiation and fabrics without considering the effects of convection, conduction or any interdependency with the moisture level in the environment.
Process Qualification of the Individualization of Protective Clothing Design Based on 3D Scanning Technique
Authors: Grabowska Grażyna , Struszczyk Marcin , Błaszczyk Joanna , Woźniakowska Małgorzata
Published: April 2022

The process of individualizing personal protective equipment (PPE) is aimed at achievingoptimal fit to the user’s body, thus maximizing comfort, especially when PPE is applied in critical conditions. The aim of the research was to confirm the possibility of implementing PPE in rea industrial conditions and to estimate the comfort of use in real conditions of use. In order to perform the last stage of the personalization procedure for firefighter suits, process qualification was carried out in an industrial environment, and the firefighter’s PPE fabricated was validated under real conditions of firefighters’ activities. The effect of implementation of the individualization procedure confirmed optimal fitting of the PPE to the individual user’s body and allowed for improvement of the comfort of use.
Comparison of Granulation Methods for Tannery Shavings
Authors: Ławińska Katarzyna , Modrzewski Remigiusz , Obraniak Andrzej
Published: April 2022

The work presents a comparison of methods of granulating waste – tannery shavings – from the leather industry. This waste is often used for the production of leather composites, but it creates a number of problems in transport and storage. It seems that granulation of this waste together with mineral additives needed in their further processing is a solution. However, the traditional method of granulation involving the gradual moistening of a loose deposit on a moving surface of the granulator does not give the desired results for the granulation of material with such unusual physical properties. Therefore, new methods have been proposed to eliminate the disadvantages and limitations of traditional granulation. The methods proposed differ in the way the binder liquid and mineral material are applied. They consist in soaking the shavings with binding liquid beforehand, removing excess liquid, and then granulating the wet pulp with the addition of selected fine-grained mineral material. Analysis of the results was based on a comparison of the granulometric compositions and compressive strength of the agglomerates obtained.
Romanian Consumer Preferences for Celebrity Endorsement TV Ads for Romanian and Global Apparel Brands
Authors: Gabor Manuela Rozalia , Cristache Nicoleta , Oltean Flavia Dana
Published: April 2022

n the context of contemporary society, the behaviour of the consumer is influenced to a great extent by models that appear in advertisements. Romanian clothing companies should take into account that globally they are competing against top brand companies with proven marketing strategies and which make use of celebrity endorsements in order to increase the value of their brands and to strengthen their image. The research purposes are as follows: (1) to empirically test – by using non-parametric statistics and through a convenience sampling and self-administrative questionnaire – Romanian consumers’ preferences for using celebrity endorsements in fashion clothing TV advertisements both for Romanian and global brands, (2) to measure customers’ brand loyalty, (3) customers’ awareness, and (4) consumers’ purchase intentions towards brands. A set of five research hypotheses was tested. Our results validate the international ones. These results fill a gap in the little empirical knowledge available on celebrity endorsements in Romania.
Grafting Modification of Natural Fibres with Cyclodextrin
Authors: Liu Jinshu , Ma Xiaoyan , Shi Wenzhao , Xing Jianwei , Ma Chaoqun
Published: April 2022

Over the years, a multiplicity of grafting modification techniques have been studied to combine the adsorption and wettability of natural fibres with the capacity of cyclodextrins (CDs) to form inclusion complexes. The fixation of CDs on fibres is possible using crosslinking agents or reactive derivatives of cyclodextrins. Various crosslinking chemicals are suitable to bind the hydroxyl groups of non-reactive cyclodextrins with those of natural fibres by way of spraying, padding, surface coating, and impregnation. Nano-composite dense polymer film could also be formed to anchor the cyclodextrin on the natural fibre surface by the methods of hydrogen binding or covalent binding in sol-gel. A vinyl monomer such as glycidyl methacrylate was used to form polymer coatings due to the pendant epoxy group coupled with the –OH of cyclodextrin and natural fibres. This review also focused on the derivatives of CDs with the reactive group reacting with the hydroxyl groups of natural fibres.
Development of Loop-Shaped Textile Anchoring Reinforcements Based on Multiaxial Warp Knitting Technology
Authors: Rittner Steffen , Speck Kerstin , Seidel André , Ewertowski Mateusz , Curbach Manfred , Cherif Chokri
Published: April 2022

Due to the General Building Approval granted for the strengthening of steel reinforced concrete structures by means of textile reinforced concrete, the foundation for its introduction into practice was successfully established. It approves textile reinforcements in the form of non-crimp fabrics made of carbon fibre heavy tows with high yarn fineness. Thus, it is aimed at increasing the amount of filaments per roving in order to minimise the number of reinforcing layers required. However, the relation between the surface and cross-sectional area is compromised once fineness is increased, leading to an unfavourable enlargement of anchoring and overlapping lengths. Therefore, a recently concluded research project evaluated if this challenge can be overcome by means of a loop-shaped selvedge. This paper presents the results generated within these investigations, proving the potential of the textile-based solution. Moreover, required machine modifications based on multiaxial warp knitting technology for the integral and continuous manufacturing of anchoring textile reinforcements as well as significant results derived from bonding tests will be introduced.
Measurement of the Inside Microclimate of Footwear Constructed from Different Material Sets
Authors: Grabowska-Polanowska Beata , Kwiecień Joanna , Gajewski Robert
Published: April 2022

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of footwear materials used on the microclimate inside shoes and to identify which material set provides optimal comfort to users. The microclimate of the interior of 21 pairs of footwear was tested. Selected nonwovens, natural leather, and leather-like materials were used to make the upper, lining and insole lining. Determined was the amount of water absorbed on the sock fibres, and measurement was taken of the relative humidity and temperature, as well as the permeability and sorption of outer materials and lining elements.Results of the researches carried out showed that in order to ensure adequate footwear comfort, materials for the upper should have high permeability, while lining materials should have both high sorption and permeability.
Development of a New Fabric Grading System with a Demerit Control Chart in the Apparel Industry
Authors: Ünal Can , Kaya Ayşegül , Şentürk Korhan
Published: April 2022

Fabric defects are usually manually identified by quality control staff in the apparel industry. Control charts are an appropriate tool to achieve this goal. In this study, knitted fabric often used in an apparel factory were used in both the detection and classification process. The systematic classification of fabric defects such as critical, major, and minor types was achieved. Then, by calculating the “D” scores of fabric types, the types of errors out of the lower and upper control limits were determined. According to the results of the experiment, it was shown that the fabric grading process can be performed with demerit control charts.
Predicting the Relaxation Modulus for the Study of the Delayed Behaviour of Kenaf Fibres in Stress Relaxation
Authors: Saïdjo S , Ntenga Richard , Mfoumou Etienne , Beda Tibi , Beakou Alexis
Published: April 2022

Plant fibres (PFs) are preferred reinforcements of bio-composites. Knowledge of their lifespan requires a study of their viscoelastic behaviour. In this paper, a stress relaxation analysis of kenaf fibres was performed at a constant rate of deformation at room temperature. A method for extracting the relaxation modulus in the deferred zone was proposed. This method was compared, using simulation, with the Zapas-Phillips method and experimental data via three predictive models: the stretched exponential function or KWW, the inverse power law of Nutting and the prony series. The results indicate that the relaxation modulus obtained by the method proposed is in good agreement with the experimental modulus. In addition, the estimated error is of the same order of magnitude as in the case of the Zapas-Phillips method. The parameters estimated from the KWW function (β = 0.4) and prony series model showed an important contribution in the study of the delayed response of kenaf fibres. These results can have a significant impact on the use of kenaf fibres in midterm and long-term loading applications.
Improving the Water-Repellent and Antifungal Properties of Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Materials by Decoration with ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Nachev Nasko , Spasova Mariya , Manolova Nevena , Rashkov Iliya , Naydenov Mladen
Published: April 2022

Suitable conditions for the preparation of nano- and microstructured materials from cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate/ZnO from solutions/suspensions in aceton/water by electrospinning/electrospraying were found. The materials obtained were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and contact angle measurements. The antifungal activity of the materials obtained against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, which is one of the main species causing diseases in grapevines, was studied as well. It was found that electrospinning of CA solutions with a concentration of 10 wt% reproducibly resulted in the preparation of defect-free fibres with a mean fibre diameter of ~780 nm. The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles resulted in the fabrication of hybrid materials with superhydrophobic properties (contact angle 152°). The materials decorated with ZnO possessed antifungal activity against P. chlamydospora. Thus, the fibrous materials of cellulose acetate decorated with ZnO particles obtained can be suitable candidates to find potential application in agriculture for plant protection.
Investigation of Stab Protection Properties of Aramid Fibre-Reinforced 3D Printed Elements
Authors: Sitotaw Dereje Berihun , Ahrendt Dustin , Kyosev Yordan , Kabish Abera Kechi
Published: April 2022

A stab resistant vest is a reinforced piece of body armour designed to resist knife or needle attacks of different energy levels specifically to the upper part of the body (chest and abdomen) to save lives. The majority of armours limit several comfort parameters, such as free locomotion, respiration, flexibility and light weight, which determine efficient use by wearers and their willingness to wear. Currently available armours are usually made of a single plate, and although often segmentation is used with just a few but still quite large pieces, the materials are compact and bulky to wear. In this study, stab protective armor elements (scale-like elements) of 3 mm thickness and 50 mm diameter were designed, produced (3D printed) and tested for performance. Aramid fibre was used for its strength, durability and process ability to develop protection elements at unidirectional and multidirectional filling angles during 3D printing. The specimens were tested according to VPAM KDIW 2004. The specimens designed and developed with multidirectional filling angles of aramid resist the puncturing energy level K1 (25 J) with a penetration depth less than the maximum allowed for the K1 energy level by VPAM. These specimens showed a high protection level of relative small thickness (3 mm) and light weight (6.57 grams for the estimated area A ≈ 1963.5 mm2) as compared to the currently certified armors for K1 (for example, the aluminum mass is 13.33 grams for 2 mm thickness and 50 mm diameter).
Clothing Image Classification with a Dragonfly Algorithm Optimised Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Li Jianqiang , Shi Weimin , Yang Donghe
Published: April 2022

This study proposes a solution for the issue of the low classification accuracy of clothing images. Using Fashion-MNIST as the clothing image dataset, we propose a clothing image classification technology based on an online sequential extreme learning machine (OSELM) optimised by the dragonfly algorithm (DA). First, we transform the Fashion-MNIST dataset into a data set that we extract from the corresponding grey image. Then, considering that the input weight and hidden layer bias of an OSELM are generated randomly, a DA is proposed to optimise the input weight and hidden layer bias of the OSELM to reduce the influence of random generation on the classification results. Finally, the optimised OSELM is applied to the clothing image classification. Compared to the other seven types of classification algorithms, the proposed clothing image classification model with the DA-optimised OSELM reached 93.98% accuracy when it contained 350 hidden nodes. Its performance was superior to other algorithms that were configured with the same number of hidden nodes. From a stability analysis of the box-plot, it was found that there were no outliers exhibited by the DA-OSELM model, whereas some other models had outliers or had lower stability compared to the model proposed, thereby validating the efficacy of the solution proposed.