bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Naming Scheme and Lookup Method Based on Trie for Vehicular Named Data Network
Authors: Ashraf M. Wasim Abbas , Huang Chuanhe , Khalid Shehzad , Rana Amir Saeed , Ahmad Mudassar , Raza Umar
Published: May 2022

Content naming and lookup are decisive functions of the future architecture named data network (NDN). The core concept of NDN is the content distribution between consumers and content providers. The NDN supports advance vehicular networks that is famous with vehicular-named data network (VNDN) with different naming schemes such as hybrid, flat, attribute-based, and hierarchical names. These schemes are used in a static way for vehicular network, in summary, the hybrid, flat, and attribute-based makes a complex structure, and on the other hand, hierarchical names long in length and name lookup performance are a bottleneck in NDN, which can directly affect the network performance. Therefore, we introduce a dynamic naming scheme and lookup method (DNSL) for VNDN to mitigate these issues. We argue that the dynamic naming scheme is a better approach to VNDN, while the static name is a cost-effective, hefty, integrated fashion, and improper for the vehicular network. This study focuses on (1) a dynamic naming scheme using dynamic-tag and (2) a lookup method based on node partition of trie; the trie approach is very famed in data structure and extensively used for the lookup content, insertion, and deletion processes. Our experimental evaluation shows that the DNSL scheme is highly efficient, scalable, and provably correct for VNDN.
Live Multiattribute Data Mining and Penalty Decision-Making in Basketball Games Based on the Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Zeng Jian , Jia Bao
Published: May 2022

The Apriori algorithm is used to conduct an in-depth analysis and research on the relationship between data mining and penalty decision of multiattribute data in the basketball game scene. The technical and tactical features are analyzed using an improved Apriori algorithm for association rule analysis of basketball game data. The algorithm generates association rules based on mining the set of frequent items among basketball technical actions. The improved algorithm can mine the technical moves that are more connected in the game data, and the analysis results are highly instructive. The technical and tactical directed analysis is divided into two parts: technical and tactical directed action analysis and technical and tactical directed cooperation analysis. The key action analysis uses Markov process-based data mining algorithm to analyze the basketball game data for key score transfer steps and key score loss transfer steps. The algorithm can find the key actions of scoring and key actions of conceding points in the game process, and the analysis results can guide basketball training and games, which has high practical value. Using the collated game data as the independent variable and the number of games won and lost as the dependent variable, logistic regression analysis is applied to derive the characteristics that affect winning. Again, the decision tree algorithm is used to select the significant features that affect winning and to make predictions of team performance. Finally, the technical statistics of the main players in the last three seasons are selected, and the association rule algorithm is applied to derive the degree of influence of player performance on the outcome of the game.
Electropolishing of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Surfaces in Nontoxic Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Tsoeunyane G. M. , Mathe N. , Tshabalala L. , Makhatha M. E.
Published: May 2022

The reduction of surface roughness on additively manufactured components has become a critical factor in engineering applications. This paper reports the electropolishing of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V by powder bed selective laser melting (SLM) using a nontoxic electrolyte solution. The results have shown that the salt-based electrolyte can be used to electropolish titanium alloys. The surface waviness of the as-built Ti-6Al-4V alloy was reduced by five times the average roughness of the as-built specimen. The minimum surface roughness obtained was 9.52 μm. The specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Gwyddion software, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate the surface morphology, surface profile, and charge transfer resistance. The X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface chemistry of the specimen. The XPS and XRD showed TiO2 as the significant component on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V, and the atomic percentage on the surface increased after electropolishing. In addition, the EIS data indicated the high charge transfer resistance of the electropolished specimen, which shows the growth formation of the oxide layer.
Application of Crisis Management Principles in Earthquake-Stricken Urban Areas
Authors: Sobhi Hamedreza , Rahimi Mahmoud , Ravanshadnia Mehdi
Published: May 2022

Human weakness and vulnerability to urban hazards are taken for granted. Human development has the tendency to move from villages towards the cities. In accident-prone countries, the consequences of crises are a major deterrent to development. The general effects of accidents include death and injury of individuals, damage to property, products, services, and infrastructure, and thus the impact on lifestyle and its social and psychological dimensions, from a doctrinal point of view, accidents, and disasters are part of the world of creation and divine test for awakening, and sometimes, the result of the actions and punishment of human sins and its occurrence causes the growth and excellence of human society. The disasters that have occurred in recent years indicate that societies and individuals have increasingly become vulnerable and that the risks have increased as well. About three-quarters of the world’s population lives in areas that in recent decades have experienced at least one of the four leading causes of death from crises: earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, or droughts have experienced. In recent years, the occurrence of accidents and the number of injured people and the financial losses caused by them have increased significantly. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to try to explain the components and constructive characteristics of resilience and determine the share of factors affecting resilience in crisis management in Tehran’s 15th district. Also, the results show that there is a significant level of 0.000 between resilience and the final situation. At the level of

p
=
0.01

, then, this relationship is significant, the researcher’s hypothesis is confirmed with 99% confidence, and the null hypothesis will be rejected. The results show a linear relationship between the mentioned variable and social, economic, and physical resilience; that is, the results show that compliance with resilience indicators in natural disasters (earthquakes) can be effective in urban crisis managers.
The Prostate-Associated Gene 4 (PAGE4) Could Play a Role in the Development of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Jianmin , Liu Daoquan , Wang Zhen , Zhou Yongying , Yang Shu , Guo Feng , Yang Liang , Zhang Xinhua
Published: May 2022

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men with uncertain molecular mechanism, and oxidative stress (OS) has also been found associated with BPH development. Recently, we found that prostate-associated gene 4 (PAGE4) was one of the most significantly changed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BPH, which can protect cells against stress stimulation. However, the exact role of PAGE4 in BPH remains unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of PAGE4 in BPH under OS. Human prostate tissues and cultured WPMY-1 and PrPF cells were utilized. The expression and localization of PAGE4 were determined with qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. OS cell models induced with H2O2 were treated with PAGE4 silencing or PAGE4 overexpression or inhibitor (N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)) of OS. The proliferation activity, apoptosis, OS markers, and MAPK signaling pathways were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry analysis, and Western blotting. PAGE4 was shown to be upregulated in human hyperplastic prostate and mainly located in the stroma. Acute OS induced with H2O2 increased PAGE4 expression (which was prevented by OS inhibitor), apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in WPMY-1 and PrPF cells. siPAGE4 plus H2O2 potentiated H2O2 effect via reducing the p-ERK1/2 level and increasing p-JNK1/2 level. Consistently, overexpression of PAGE4 offset the effect of H2O2 and partially reversed the PAGE4 silencing effect. However, knocking down and overexpression of PAGE4 alone determined no significant effects. Our novel data demonstrated that augmented PAGE4 promotes cell survival by activating p-ERK1/2 and decreases cell apoptosis by inhibiting p-JNK1/2 under the OS, which could contribute to the development of BPH.
Recurrence of Herpetic Keratitis after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Fard Ali Mahdavi , Desilets Jeffrey , Patel Sangita
Published: May 2022

Background. Recurrence of herpetic keratitis following vaccination has been documented following vaccination with the Zostavax, trivalent flu, hepatitis A, and rabies vaccines. The USFDA and WHO have acknowledged that the novel COVID-19 vaccines similarly have a risk of reactive immunologic-based inflammation, namely, myositis, pericarditis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Case Presentation. We present two patients with latent herpetic keratitis who experienced reactivation of keratitis within weeks of COVID-19 vaccination despite prolonged periods of prior latency. A 52-year-old healthy male with no herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis recurrences in two years developed visual decline and patchy stromal haze within 24-48 hours of receiving the second Pfizer-BioNTech (COVID-19 BNT162b2) vaccine. A 67-year-old female with chronic neurotrophic keratitis developed her most severe exacerbation of herpes zoster keratitis in over 10 years occurring 2-3 weeks after her first Moderna (mRNA-1273) vaccine, which was later complicated by bacterial superinfection. Conclusions. The COVID-19 vaccines work by generating both adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses in humans, including elevation of anti-spike neutralizing antibody titers, antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ). The general activation of the T-cell-mediated immune response and proinflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ may underlie the role of the COVID vaccines in reactivation of herpetic stromal keratitis and the clinical findings in our reported cases.
Sensor Network Security Risk Prediction and Control Method Based on Big Data Analysis
Authors: Yuan Bingxia
Published: May 2022

The security prediction and control program of sensor network based on big data analysis is studied. First of all, in view of the shortcomings of existing security measures, this paper regards security standards as a challenge. Based on the changes of network security before and after the attack, the concept of “network security line” is proposed to select and simplify the security measures that can meet the needs and affect the real security and monitor the counting process of the network. Then, for counterattack, several models of topology security measurement based on stochastic process are developed to check the topology security. Finally, the experimental design of the risk assessment method is found by creating a risk receiving data model, deleting data features, and recreating distributed data. Experimental results show that the efficiency of this method is above 90% when the estimated distance is 10–40 m. The working power is 196∼461 Hz, lower than the normal standard. The time delay is less than 0.3 s, and the real-time performance is better than ordinary models. The relative error is less than 3%, and the accuracy is higher.
Reform and Practice of Public English Examination Mode in Colleges and Universities Using Big Data Analysis and Speech Recognition
Authors: Zhu Qianru
Published: May 2022

In terms of the CPE (College Public English) test mode, it suffers from inefficiency and uniqueness. The test must be comprehensive and objective in order to serve as a standard for evaluating English proficiency. Promoting English examination reform and practice is extremely important for English teachers. In light of the current situation, the CPE test system is being researched and designed using BD (big data) analysis. To establish the index system and parameters for evaluating test questions, the test database maintenance module uses a method based on problem-solving theory. For pronunciation recognition, error judgment, and scoring of spoken English, speech recognition and HMM (hidden Markov model) scores are used, and the final spoken English score is obtained through percentile transformation. In intelligent scoring, the AdaBoost CT (adaptive enhancement classification) algorithm is introduced, and various algorithms are compared through extensive literature reading. The results show that when the parameter is set to 50, the AdaBoost CT algorithm has the highest accuracy, at 88.39%. The platform improves students’ learning efficiency and quality by diagnosing their learning problems and intervening in their learning in real time. The results are significantly better than those of other students.
Power-Sharing Analysis of Hybrid Microgrid Using Iterative Learning Controller (ILC) considering Source and Load Variation
Authors: Angalaeswari S. , Jamuna K. , Mohana sundaram K. , Natrayan L. , Ramesh L. , Ramaswamy Kiran
Published: May 2022

In this study, a novel iterative learning controller is proposed to maintain power balance in hybrid microgrid considering source and load variation. A hybrid microgrid comprising of solar, battery, utility grid, and AC and DC loads are developed with ac and dc bus in MATLAB Simulink environment. The primary or local level control is implemented for solar and battery for maintaining stable dc bus voltage. The secondary or system level control is implemented by controlling the interlinking converter placed between ac and dc bus to supply stable voltage along with the smooth grid synchronization and ensuring the proper real power sharing between dc/ac buses. The simulation studies reveal that the proposed iterative controller has efficient and effective control over the voltage and power in hybrid microgrid under various modes of operation such as autonomous and grid connected modes.
Prediction of Fetal Growth Restriction for Fetal Umbilical Arterial/Venous Blood Flow Index Evaluated by Ultrasonic Doppler under Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Yu Xinying , Yao Ye , Wang Dan , Tang Jiani , Lu Jing
Published: May 2022

The empirical wavelet transform (EWT) algorithm was applied in ultrasound to explore the predictive value for fetal growth restriction (FGR) in fetal arteriovenous indexes. 142 pregnant women who received prenatal ultrasonic examination and delivered were selected. They were classified into control group and FGR group. There were 102 patients with normal pregnancy in the control group, and 40 patients with delayed fetal growth in the FGR group. The extended triple collocation (ETC) algorithm was employed to divide the Fourier spectrum of signals adaptively, and the constructed small filter banks were classified into corresponding intervals. The instantaneous frequency was analyzed, and the arterial blood flow indexes of the two groups were compared. The results showed that the time-frequency analysis method under EWT had lower normalization error and higher accuracy. The inner diameter and cross-sectional area of FGR were remarkably smaller than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). There were no significant differences in mean blood flow and mean blood velocity between the control group and FGR group (

P
>
0.05

). The arterial blood flow parameters of the systolic flow velocity (VS) and the diastolic flow velocity (VD) in the FGR group were notably lower than those in the control group, and the differences were significant (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, the frequency principal component extracted by EWT algorithm was less disturbed by noise, which could accurately and effectively evaluate fetal arteriovenous blood flow indexes and predict FGR.
Perceived Integrity of Distributed Streaming Media Based on AWTC-TT Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Yu Wenwu , Jiang Jingjing , Zhai Yue , Xu Peng
Published: May 2022

With the development of economy, more and more attention has been paid to the monitoring system, which provides a reliable and powerful guarantee for people’s daily life, property security, and national security. The intelligent video surveillance introduces computer vision-related technologies into traditional video surveillance and realizes the analysis and understanding of video data without artificial dependence to obtain valuable target information in the perceived video data. On this basis, functions such as abnormal event monitoring and real-time alarm are realized. Distributed streaming media monitoring has changed the manual-based monitoring and content analysis modes of traditional monitoring, but the high-complexity calculations such as motion estimation and motion compensation in the encoding process increase the burden of monitoring and sensing equipment. Especially with the development of wireless multimedia technology, the traditional video coding has been unable to meet the requirements of monitoring and sensing equipment in the monitoring system based on wireless technology. This paper proposes an adaptive weighted tensor completion algorithm to complete the repair of streaming media data perceived by ordinary sensing devices. In the proposed algorithm, considering the unbalanced information distribution and data redundancy problems that may exist in the data, the tensor data is adjusted according to the approximate solution algorithm to obtain tensor data that only retains important information and the information distribution is more balanced and reasonable. In the iterative solution process, in order to better map the impact of each dimension of data in the repair process, an adaptive weighting mechanism is proposed according to the data characteristics to obtain the corresponding weight value of each dimension of data. Finally, the proposed approximate tensor solving algorithm and adaptive weighting mechanism are applied to a simple low-rank tensor completeness algorithm based on tensor columns to form the algorithm of this paper, and it is used to repair perceptual streaming media data with data missing problems. The experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper can improve the perceived streaming media data quality by 3% based on the known data information and maintain an advantage of 2% in average processing time. It avoids the replacement of sensing equipment and also provides data quality assurance for subsequent sensing streaming media content analysis. It has certain research significance for the development of monitoring system with artificial intelligence management for target perception and tracking.
Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Reactions to COVID‐19: Evidence from China
Authors: Sun Lin , Shi Wei
Published: May 2022

This paper treats the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a natural experiment that can provide insights into the effects of investor sentiment on stock market reactions. Employing the event study methodology (ESM) and taking the date of the Wuhan lockdown as the event date, we find that average abnormal return (AAR) and cumulative abnormal return (CAR) are significantly negative, and average trading volume excesses far more than before within two days of the outbreak. Further, we establish a difference‐in‐differences (DID) model to investigate the differences between Hubei and non‐Hubei listed companies. The results show that for Hubei listed companies, the change of excessive trading volume (ETV) between pre‐event and post‐event period is significantly higher than that of non‐Hubei listed companies, while there exhibits no relationship between the change of AAR and registration place. Overall, our findings provide new evidence for the interaction of local bias and investor sentiment affecting stock market reactions.
Study of Polymer Matrix Composites for Electronics Applications
Authors: Dhanasekar S. , Stella T. Jothy , Thenmozhi A. , Bharathi N. Divya , Thiyagarajan Kamatchi , Singh Pankaj , Reddy Yanala Srinivasa , Srinivas Ganganagunta , Jayakumar Mani
Published: May 2022

Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) may be found in nearly every facet of modern society, from electronic components to a broad range of accessories. Polymer matrix composites contain materials that include a matrix polymer. It is also made up of multiple continuous and short fibres that are held together in the organic polymer matrix. In this article, the development, properties, and production of polymer matrix composites along with electronics applications were discussed. The matrices in recent developments of polymer matrix composites have been made of thermosets or thermoplastic materials. The properties of a PMC such as a matrix and reinforcement offer great strength and rigidity, and it is largely employed to increase fracture toughness. The process of manufacturing composites has a significant impact on the product design and outcome. The ability to make a product from a variety of manufacturing techniques is unique to the composites industry. Polymer‐based materials were employed in a variety of applications, including the automobile industry, aircraft industry, marine, sports good equipment, electronics applications, and biomedical applications. The great potential of filler reinforced polymer composites used for microelectronic applications. Woven glass fibre cloths and reinforcing materials such as paper, glass fibre matte, and fillers are used to fabricate printed circuit boards. Thermoplastics and thermosets are used in electronic packaging material which increases efficiency and offers more stringent requirements. Polymer composites have good thermal conductivity and desirable dielectric properties which improves microelectronic performances. Nanocomposites are composites in which nanofillers were distributed inside a polymer. The compatibility and interface between the filler and matrix play a significant effect in modifying overall characteristics in polymer nanocomposites.
[Retracted] Prognosis and Therapeutic Efficacy Prediction of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Based on a Necroptosis‐Associated Gene Signature
Authors: Ji Dan , Zhong Rongfang , Fan Song
Published: May 2022

Background. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and poor prognosis malignancy. Necroptosis is a special type of cell apoptosis, which is regulated in caspase‐independent pathways and mainly induced through the activation of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1, receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3, and mixed lineage kinase domain‐like pseudokinase. A precise predictive tool based on necroptosis is needed to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. Method. Four ACC cohorts were enrolled in this study. The Cancer Genome Atlas ACC (TCGA‐ACC) cohort was used as the training cohort; three datasets (GSE19750, GSE33371, and GSE49278) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) platform were combined as the GEO testing cohort after removing of batch effect. Forty‐nine necroptosis‐associated genes were obtained from a prior study and further filtered by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis; corresponding coefficients were used to calculate the necroptosis‐associated gene score (NAGs). Patients in the TCGA‐ACC cohort were equally divided into two groups with the mean value of NAGs. We investigated the associations between NAGs groups and clinicopathological feature distribution and overall survival (OS) in ACC, the molecular mechanisms, and the value of NAGs in therapy prediction. A nomogram risk model was established to quantify risk stratification for ACC patients. Finally, the results were confirmed in the GEO‐combined cohort. Result. Patients in the TCGA‐ACC cohort were divided into high and low NAGs groups. The high NAGs group had more fatal cases and advanced stage patients than the low NAGs group (P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 13.97, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 4.168–46.844; survival rate: low NAGs, 7.69% vs. high NAGs, 61.53%). NAGs were validated to be negatively correlated with OS (R = −0.48, P < 0.001) and act as an independent factor in ACC with high discriminative efficacy (P < 0.001, HR = 11.76, 95% CI: 2.86–48.42). In addition, a high predictive efficacy nomogram risk model was established combining NAGs with tumor stage. Higher mutation rates were observed in the high NAGs group, and the mutation of TP53 may lead to a high T cell infiltration level among the NAGs groups. Patients belonged to the high NAGs are more sensitive to the chemotherapy of cisplatin, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and etoposide (all P < 0.05). Ultimately, the same statistical algorithms were conducted in the GEO‐combined cohort, and the crucial role of NAGs prediction value was further validated. Conclusion. We constructed a necroptosis‐associated gene signature, revealed the prognostic value between ACC and it, systematically explored the molecular alterations among patients with different NAGs, and manifested the value of drug sensitivity prediction in ACC.
Predictive Values of Serum IL-33 and sST2 in Endotypes and Postoperative Recurrence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Zhang Yanni , Zhu Kang , Chen Jingguo , Xia Cui , Yu Chao , Gao Tianxi , Yan Jing , Zhao Bingjie , Ren Xiaoyong
Published: May 2022

Background. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common inflammatory disease with high heterogeneity and postoperative recidivation. The IL-33/ST2 axis is known to be involved in Th2 immune responses. This study is aimed at exploring levels of serum IL-33 and soluble ST2 (sST2) in CRSwNP patients and their potential for predicting CRSwNP endotypes and postoperative recurrence. Methods. The present study recruited 149 CRSwNP patients, 80 of whom were noneosinophilic (neCRSwNP) and 69 eosinophilic (eCRSwNP), as well as 60 healthy controls (HCs). Serum samples were collected from all participants, and sST2 and IL-33 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Multivariate analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the value of serum sST2 and IL-33 levels in distinguishing CRSwNP endotypes and predicting postoperative recurrence. Results. The levels of serum sST2 and IL-33 in CRSwNP patients were significantly higher than those in HCs, especially in the eCRSwNP group. Increased sST2 and IL-33 levels were associated with eosinophil counts and percentages in both tissue and blood. Multivariate regression and ROC curve analysis showed that serum sST2 and IL-33 exhibited potential for distinguishing CRSwNP endotypes, and the combination of serum IL-33 and sST2 showed even more predictive power. Finally, 124 CRSwNP patients completed the entire 3-year follow-up. Multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves showed that serum sST2 and IL-33 levels were associated with recurrence; serum sST2 and IL-33 each exhibited potential for predicting postoperative recurrence, and combining serum sST2 and IL-33 exhibited better accuracy and practicability. Conclusion. Our results suggested that serum sST2 and IL-33 levels were upregulated in CRSwNP patients and related to the degree of mucosal eosinophil infiltration and postoperative recurrence. Serum sST2 and IL-33 might serve as objective biomarkers for distinguishing phenotypes and predicting recurrence in CRSwNP, and their combined use outperformed either marker alone.
The Integrated Processing Method of Educational Information Resources Based on Edge Computing
Authors: Lv Zhimei
Published: May 2022

Due to the development of information technology, the new type of smart campus integrated teaching, scientific research, office services, and many other applications, online education information resources show a blowout growth. However, huge amounts of data to the campus network carrying capacity put forward high requirements. With the help of edge computing and cloud computing platform and network, the teaching, scientific research, office services, and many other applications of big data integration mining analysis build intelligent management, teaching, scientific research, and life mode, to improve the utilization of education information resources. Improving the school management level and education quality is imperative. The research purpose of this paper is to study the integrated processing method of educational information resources based on edge computing. The research of this paper enriches the relevant optimization theory of edge computing on the one hand and provides reference for the practical integrated processing of practical educational information resources on the other hand, which has the dual significance of theory and practice.
Relativistic Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Two-Component Magnetohydrodynamics Plasmas
Authors: Kassaw Temesgen , Woldemhret Gebretsadkan
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the instabilities and characteristics of relativistic linear waves of two-component plasma by assuming the plasma to be in-viscid, homogeneous, collision-less, and magnetized. To do this, by taking moments of the relativistic Vlasov equation, the basic equations of the two-component relativistic an-isotropic plasma are derived. The linearized equations are analyzed for small perturbation under the assumption of the plasma which is initially at rest. After we derived the dispersion relations, different wave modes and instabilities are discussed analytically and numerically presented as well.
Variables macroeconómicas en guerra contra Chile
Authors: García Carlos
Published: May 2022

La inflación a veces es muy simple de entender otras veces es compleja, como ocurre en este episodio. Chile enfrenta tasas de inflación que no observábamos desde los inicios de los años noventa, concentrándose en alimentos y energía, lo que golpea más fuerte a las familias de ingresos medios y bajos. No es raro escuchar que la inflación es de naturaleza doméstica, en especial, causado por los retiros de las AFP. Continuar leyendo...
Competencia externa e innovación
Authors: De Elejalde Ramiro , Ponce Carlos , Roldán Flavia
Published: May 2022

La innovación y adopción de nuevas tecnologías son motores clave del crecimiento y la prosperidad de las sociedades modernas. Dado que la intensidad de la competencia en el mercado de productos afecta los incentivos para invertir en estas actividades, la competencia puede tener consecuencias económicas duraderas para las empresas y la economía en general. Continuar leyendo...
Pandemia: una apuesta por el cambio en el contexto educativo
Authors: Montoya Santa Natalia Carolina
Published: May 2022

El presente texto se centra en una reflexión acerca de cómo la situación de emergencia sanitaria a causa del SarscoV-2 impactó las dinámicas escolares; pues rápidamente estudiantes, padres y educadores, tuvieron que adaptarse y buscar otras formas de interacción para dar continuidad al proceso de aprendizaje de los niños, la mayoría de ellas, mediadas por la tecnología. Sin embargo, la realidad es que las dificultades en el acceso a dispositivos y redes de internet hicieron más evidente la enorme desigualdad de oportunidades que existe en nuestro país. Razón por la cual se describen algunas otras estrategias utilizadas no solo durante el confinamiento, sino también en el retorno a las aulas, entre ellas, el diseño de guías de aprendizaje aplicando los principios del diseño universal del aprendizaje (DUA) y siguiendo algunos lineamientos del programa «Todos a aprender». Sin embargo, fue en el retorno a las aulas en donde se hizo más notorio que la prioridad era ir más allá de los aprendizajes académicos, que nuestros estudiantes habían sido afectados por la pandemia también en otros ámbitos especialmente relacionados con las interacciones sociales y por eso, como educadores el reto es generar espacios para la expresión de las ideas, de las emociones, de los talentos, espacios para la creación, en donde se vinculen todas las dimensiones del ser.
Vínculo afectivo y educación en pandemia
Authors: Díaz Arias Marta Cecilia
Published: May 2022

En este escrito narrativo, la autora expone su vivencia durante un año escolar atípico después de sobrevivir al Covid 19. Inicia con la descripción de un año con estudiantes nuevos desde la virtualidad, sin entablar un vínculo afectivo y efectivo que es considerado por ella como principal movilizador de aprendizajes. Finamente con el encuentro presencial con sus estudiantes y la experiencia con el proyecto realizado bajo la metodología de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP): Animales libres enfocados en el tráfico de animales.
COVID-19 Crisis, Economic Hardships, and Schooling Outcomes
Authors: Gehrke Esther , Lenel Friederike , Schupp Claudia
Published: May 2022

We combine phone-survey data from 2,200 students collected in July–August of 2020 with student-level administrative data from 54 schools in four northwestern provinces of Cambodia to investigate the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for grade 9 students. These students were particularly vulnerable to dropping out of school prematurely due to the crisis. We find that most students kept studying during the crisis, returned to school to participate in the lower-secondary graduation exam after schools reopened, and transitioned to high school thereafter. However, we also find that students' exposure to the economic downturn had substantial implications: The likelihood that the father experienced income losses due to the crisis is negatively associated with a student's propensity to study during school closure, participation and performance in the final exam, and with the likelihood to transition to high school. In contrast, the likelihood that the mother experienced income losses is positively associated with student studying during the crisis, with participation in the final exam, and with transition to high school—potentially because mothers used the time at home to encourage their children to study.
Leveraging Experimental and Observational Evidence to Assess the Generalizability of the Effects of Early Colleges in North Carolina
Authors: Fuller Sarah , Lauen Douglas Lee , Unlu Fatih
Published: May 2022

Early college high schools (ECHSs) in North Carolina are small public schools of choice on college campuses that seek to promote attaining postsecondary credits in high school, college readiness, and postsecondary enrollment for underrepresented groups. Evidence from randomized control trials (RCTs) has shown positive effects of the ECHS model on important high school and postsecondary outcomes but appear to be underpowered to detect moderation effects. Furthermore, RCTs rarely address the key question of primary policy interest: Is the program effective on average across the population? This leaves us uncertain about (1) whether the early college intervention is a good strategy for helping to close enrollment and attainment gaps between under- and overrepresented groups, and (2) whether the expansion of the ECHS model will lead to the positive results that the RCT studies suggest. This study uses administrative data on all ECHSs in North Carolina including those that were part of a lottery study. This allows us to generate RCT estimates for the ECHSs in the lottery sample and quasi-experimental estimates for both the lottery and non-lottery ECHSs. We leverage this unique circumstance to generate estimates of the effect of ECHS on postsecondary outcomes that simultaneously maximize both internal and external validity. Specifically, because generalization depends on both moderation and sample selection, we (1) investigate sample selection, (2) conduct a moderation analysis to determine whether the effects of the intervention vary by key factors that also predict sample selection, and (3) produce a pooled estimate by extending a method called cross-design synthesis to incorporate both RCT evidence and quasi-experimental evidence. We find strong evidence that the positive results of the RCTs generalize to the full sample of ECHSs, which provides stronger evidence of effectiveness.
Mystery Cult in Vergil
Authors: Mac Góráin Fiachra , Nelis Damien
Published: May 2022

In this paper we begin with a brief survey of the presence of the mysteries in Greek and Latin epic poetry, before giving an overview of the mysteries in Vergil and attempting to identify the function of the references to mystery religion in Aeneid 6. Throughout, we consider the modality of how the poets allude to the mysteries in ways that allow mystery cults to take on a life of their own in imaginative literary representations, arriving at the conclusion that it is only by means of closer collaboration between literary critics and historians of religion that progress will be made in this complex field of study.
Uncivilized Behaviors: How Humans Wield “Feral” to Assert Power (and Control) over Other Species
Authors: Hill Kristine , Szydlowski Michelle , Heaney Sarah Oxley , Busby Debbie
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the use of the term “feral” as a form of control over other animals. The concept of this “power word” is explored within the context of what it means for those who find themselves labelled as such. As a prefix, “feral” is used by various interest groups to justify the treatment of subpopulations of species, particularly with regards to wildlife conservation. The “feral” label differentiates animals that are perceived as being out of place or out of control from those who are kept as companions or commodities. “Feral” is most often used to describe an unwelcome presence or noise, and can be contrasted to alternative words, such as “wild” or “free-living” that control how these presences are perceived by humans.
Rare genetic admixture and unidirectional gene flow between Vipera aspis and Vipera berus at their contact zone in western France
Authors: Zwahlen Valerie , Lourdais Olivier , Ursenbacher Sylvain , Guiller Gaëtan
Published: May 2022

Asp vipers (Vipera aspis) and adders (Vipera berus) coexist in the Loire-Atlantique department in France where the two species reach their respective range limits. This contact zone is of special interest since hybridization has been recently discovered there. We carried out extensive sampling to further investigate the hybrid status of morphologically typical individuals and to evaluate the proportion of genetically admixed individuals in this area. Using microsatellite markers, no hybrids with typical morphological traits of either asp vipers or adders were detected. All recently investigated individuals with intermediate morphological traits were shown to be hybrids. A rather low proportion of genetically admixed individuals (1.5-3%) and a very small number of supposed second-generation hybrids suggest reduced fertility of first-generation hybrids or low viability of their progeny. The investigation of mtDNA of newly sampled hybrids support the finding that hybridization only occurs between female V. aspis and male V. berus. Several possible explanations for the unidirectional hybridization are discussed and consequent future studies suggested.
Experimental modelling for phenotyping soybean host reaction to Aphelenchoides besseyi
Authors: Ribeiro Luriam A.B. , Santiago Débora C. , Silva Santino A. , Favoreto Luciany , Meyer Maurício C. , Machado Andressa C.Z.
Published: May 2022

The nematode causing the green stem and foliar retention syndrome of soybean, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is a concern to Brazilian growers, especially in warm and humid climates, where losses can reach 60% of the yields. Management options have not yet been studied properly, but apparently genetic variability is found in soybean genotypes in the resistance to this nematode. However, the correct phenotyping of soybean genotypes is compromised by the scarcity of studies of this pathosystem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the inoculum densities of A. besseyi and the plant ages at inoculation to obtain the correct phenotyping of soybean genotypes. Experiments were conducted under glasshouse conditions with the soybean ‘Elite’, using a completely randomised design and a factorial scheme (five nematode population densities: 150, 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 nematodes plant−1, and three plant ages at inoculation: 7, 12 and 17 days after planting). Evaluations were performed 35 days after inoculation, extracting nematodes from soil, roots and shoot parts of plants to obtain the final population of the nematodes of each replicate. The inoculum of 150-300 A. besseyi specimens per plant is the most suitable to assess the reaction of soybean genotypes to this nematode as it resulted in the greatest reproduction factors. Population densities higher than 1500 nematodes per plant could lead to misclassification of the host reaction because of the inconsistent reproduction factors obtained.
Does Justin Argue with Jews? Reconsidering the Relevance of Philo
Authors: Hubbard Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2022

Several recent studies on Justin’s Dialogue with Trypho the Jew have argued that the Dialogue should not be read as a witness to the state of theological debate between Jews and Christ-followers in the second century. Such arguments conclude that Justin does not engage with actual Jewish perspectives, but rather reconstructs a hypothetical Judaism from second-hand, polemical sources, or merely uses Trypho’s “Judaism” as a stand-in for what are actually (in Justin’s view) heterodox Christian interpretations. This article challenges this claim by returning to an older debate in Justin scholarship: the question of his relationship with Philo of Alexandria. By attending particularly to the role of the Logos in each author’s exegesis of Pentateuchal theophanic texts, the article argues that Justin’s interpretations in the Dialogue carefully avoid a kind of Logos theology that is well represented in the writings of Philo. This rhetorical distancing supports the conclusion that, in the Dialogue, Justin is in fact responding to exegetical traditions which he knows from the writings of Hellenized Judaism.
The Sound of Silence: Augustine’s Soundscape for the Christian Empire
Authors: Abbott Philip
Published: May 2022

Ancient philosophers sought to tune the soul and society to the musica universalis, the celestial harmony generated by the rational wheelworks of the cosmos. For Romans, this overarching rationality was associated with the rational speech of elite masculinity. Augustine subverts this discourse, however. Maintaining that the musica universalis is tuned to the love of God rather than rationality, Augustine depicts Roman history as chaotic dissonance that is out of tune with cosmic harmony. He effects a cosmic key change which idealizes behavior that Roman elites would have viewed absurd. Instead of selling a traditional type of speech (rhetoric) that according to Augustine leads to chaos, he teaches Christians to embrace activities in which the uneducated can participate – singing Psalms, and bursting into sudden, incomprehensible eruptions of divine joy, which he terms jubilus. In short, Augustine preaches a radically new sonority to undergird a new society.
Punishment, Legality, and Other Challenges of International Criminal Law
Authors: Carlson Kerstin Bree
Published: May 2022

Although international criminal law has developed significantly in the 75 years following the Nuremberg Tribunals, the challenge to the legality principle at the heart of its practice remains unaddressed. This article discusses the structural challenges to international criminal law’s legitimacy, beginning by deconstructing the progress paradox that simultaneously legitimizes and undermines international criminal law. Because these challenges are situated in questions of how actions are legally characterized at international criminal law, the article moves on to consider two recent icc cases that demonstrate two aspects of this fundamental challenge to international criminal law practice at work. These cases, the article argues, demonstrate the doctrinal problems that arise from a legal form that bases its legitimacy on its promise of progress.
‘One’s Own’ in the Other and the Other in ‘One’s Own’
Authors: Trächtler Jasmin
Published: May 2022

The questions of how we can understand others and how we can know what they feel, think and sense have repeatedly preoccupied Wittgenstein since the 1930s and especially in his last writings. In this article, the author will tackle these questions by focusing on the other as other or strange. For it is also the strangeness of others, their otherness as such, that makes it difficult and even impossible to recognize and understand their inner life. As she will show, such otherness can be made comprehensible by fictional narratives, in which aspects of others’ lives are related to what is one’s own, i.e., our own inner experience, such that we can find ourselves in them. Moreover, she will argue that this idea of making something comprehensible through fictional narratives has a special methodological relevance for Wittgenstein when it comes to understanding what is ‘one’s own’ in the broadest sense.
Coming out of your shell or crawling back in: multiple interphylum host switching events within a clade of bivalve- and ascidian-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)
Authors: de Gier Werner , Groenhof Mike , Fransen Charles H.J.M.
Published: May 2022

Marine symbiotic Palaemonidae, comprising over 600 species, live in association with marine invertebrates of different phyla, like Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Porifera, and Tunicata. A phylogenetic study is performed on a clade of bivalve- and ascidian-associated endosymbiotic shrimp species (Caridea: Palaemonidae), using morphological and molecular data. A Total Evidence approach is used in order to include all currently known ingroup species in an evolutionary framework. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses are performed to identify host-switching events and ancestral ranges. The clade, including Ascidonia, Conchodytes, Dactylonia, Odontonia, and Pontonia, and various smaller genera, is recovered as monophyletic, with an ascidian-associated ancestral host state. At least six interphylum host switches are tentatively identified, with members of Odontonia and Notopontonia switching back to an ascidian host affiliation after the ancestral host switch of the clade including Conchodytes, Odontonia and related genera, from an ascidian- to a bivalve host. The clade including Ascidonia and Pontonia was recovered to have an ancestor with an East Pacific/Atlantic distribution. The other studied genera remained in the original ancestral Indo-West Pacific range. We hypothesize that similar internal environments of shrimp hosts from different phyla will function as hot spots for interphylum host switching in various lineages of symbionts.
The Case of M/S Józef Conrad and Law of Air Warfare During the Vietnam War
Authors: Piątkowski Mateusz
Published: May 2022

On the 20th of December 1972, the Polish-flagged merchant vessel M/S Józef Conrad, anchored in the North Vietnam port of Haiphong, was hit by an air-delivered projectile in the Linebacker ii air campaign, also referred to as the ‘Christmas bombing’. The attack caused both loss of life and health among Polish sailors, and destroyed the ship itself. In 2020, the Polish Commissioner for Human Rights submitted a formal petition to the executive branch of the Polish government, highlighting that despite the fact that the act was a violation of the iccpr and udhr, neither legal actions nor diplomatic efforts were later undertaken on behalf of the victims. The statement of the High Commisioner did not examine the bombardment from the perspective of the law of air warfare, which is a pivotal precondition to determine the wrongfulness of the act in the light of international law.