bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of bis-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-thenoyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol-κ2O,O′)-(N,N-dimethylformamide)zinc(II), C43H31Cl2N5O5S2Zn
Authors: Zhao Chun-Xiang , Ding Yong-Jie , Zhang Heng-Qiang , Zhou Chen-Ying , Wang Quan-Zhong , Wang Xin , Zhao Hui , Chen Ya-Hong , Xie Jian-Ping , Wang Yun-Sheng
Published: May 2017

C43H31Cl2N5O5S2Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a =16.9304(8) Å, b = 8.9706(5) Å, c = 27.6764(14) Å, β = 96.701(1)°, V = 4174.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0350, wRref(F2) = 0.094, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of ethyl 4-((2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)benzoate, a Schiff base, C16H17NO3
Authors: Salman Mahmoud , Abu-Yamin Abdel Aziz , Sarairah Ibrahim , Ibrahim Alhawarin , AlDamen Murad A.
Published: May 2017

C16H17NO3, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.5445(7) Å, b = 8.3326(9) Å, c = 12.4291(10) Å, α = 94.468(8)°, β = 91.063(7)°, γ = 116.644(10)°, V = 695.01(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0461, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1240, T = 291 K.
Crystal structure of 3-(2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanoyl)-1-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione, C17H22N2O3
Authors: Wang Shi-Han , Jin Xiang-Qun , Wang Yan-Wei , Wang Yong-Sheng
Published: May 2017

C17H22N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c, (no. 14) a = 18.419(4) Å, b = 5.7524(12) Å, c = 17.575(4) Å, β = 117.267(3)°, V =1655.2(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0724, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1899, T = 187(2) K.
The crystal structure of ethyl 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, C13H10F3N3O4
Authors: Jaćimović Željko K. , Kosović Milica , Bogdanović Goran A. , Novaković Sladjana B. , Giester Gerald , Bigović Miljan
Published: May 2017

C13H10F3N3O4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.0524(14) Å, b = 7.8044(16) Å, c = 12.954(3) Å, α = 97.93(3)°, β = 96.29(3)°, γ = 100.11(3)°, V = 688.6(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0478, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1140, T = 200 K.
Microbiota abnormalities and the therapeutic potential of probiotics in the treatment of mood disorders
Authors: Rios Adiel C. , Maurya Pawan Kumar , Pedrini Mariana , Zeni-Graiff Maiara , Asevedo Elson , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Wieck Andrea , Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo , McIntyre Roger S. , Hayashi Mirian A.F. , Brietzke Elisa
Published: May 2017

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are among the leading causes of burden and disability worldwide. Despite intensified research efforts to improve the treatment options and remission rates in mood disorders, no disease modifying treatment exists for these disorders. Accumulating evidence implicates the involvement of the gut microbiota in processes relevant to etiopathology of central nervous system-based disorders. The objective of this article was to critically evaluate the evidence supporting the link between gastrointestinal microbiota and mood disorders and to discuss the potential benefits of using probiotics in the treatment of MDD and BD. The concept of psychobiotics, which is bacterial-based interventions with mental health benefit, is emerging in the field. On the other hand, while probiotics might potentially represent a significant advance, specific roles of microbiota in the pathophysiology of mood disorders still need further investigation along with intervention studies.
Study on the relation between microstructural change and compressive creep stress of a PBX substitute material
Authors: Chen Lin , Han Dong , Bai Shu-Lin , Zhao Feng , Chen Jian-Kang
Published: May 2017

A polymer-bonded explosive, also called PBX or plastic-bonded explosive, is an explosive material in which explosive powder is bound together in a matrix using small quantities (typically 5%–10% by weight) of a synthetic polymer. A PBX substitute material was made from sugar granules and polymer binder. Its compressive creep properties were investigated at room temperature. The creep deformation was found to depend strongly on the applied stress amplitude. Under an applied stress near the strength, creep deformation developed and reached the final rupture very quickly. A power law relationship,

ε
˙

=
4.14
×

10

−
8

σ

2.5

,

$\dot \varepsilon = 4.14 \times {10^{ - 8}}{\sigma ^{2.5}},$

was established between steady creep rate and applied stress. Microscopic observations show that the damage mechanism processes include mainly the intergranular and transgranular fractures, binder fracture, and peeling. Both porosity and granule size decrease almost linearly with increasing applied stress.
Approximate Solutions for the Nonlinear Third-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Karahan M.M. Fatih
Published: May 2017

A new perturbation method, multiple scales Lindstedt–Poincare (MSLP) is applied to jerk equations with cubic nonlinearities. Three different jerk equations are investigated. Approximate analytical solutions and periods are obtained using MSLP method. Both approximate analytical solutions and periods are contrasted with numerical and exact results. For the case of strong nonlinearities, obtained results are in good agreement with numerical and exact ones.
Gas Bubbles and Slugs Crossover in Air–Water Two-phase Flow by Multifractals
Authors: Gorski Grzegorz , Litak Grzegorz , Mosdorf Romuald , Rysak Andrzej
Published: May 2017

Slugs and bubbles two-phase flow patterns dynamics in a minichannel are analysed. During the experiment, the volume flow rates of air and water were changed. We study transition of bubbles to slugs two-phase flow patterns using Fourier and multifractal approaches to optical transitivity signal. The sequences of light transmission time series are recorded by a laser-phototransistor sensor. Multifractal analysis helps to identify the two-phase structure and estimate the signal complexity. Especially, we discuss occurrence and identification of a self-aggregation phenomenon. These results are compared to corresponding Fourier spectra. The results indicate that the fractality is a an important factor influencing the distribution of the gas phase in water.
Deciphering the route to cyclic monoterpenes in Chrysomelina leaf beetles: source of new biocatalysts for industrial application?
Authors: Burse Antje , Boland Wilhelm
Published: May 2017

The drastic growth of the population on our planet requires the efficient and sustainable use of our natural resources. Enzymes are indispensable tools for a wide range of industries producing food, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, or biofuels. Because insects constitute one of the most species-rich classes of organisms colonizing almost every ecological niche on earth, they have developed extraordinary metabolic abilities to survive in various and sometimes extreme habitats. Despite this metabolic diversity, insect enzymes have only recently generated interest in industrial applications because only a few metabolic pathways have been sufficiently characterized. Here, we address the biosynthetic route to iridoids (cyclic monoterpenes), a group of secondary metabolites used by some members of the leaf beetle subtribe Chrysomelina as defensive compounds against their enemies. The ability to produce iridoids de novo has also convergently evolved in plants. From plant sources, numerous pharmacologically relevant structures have already been described. In addition, in plants, iridoids serve as building blocks for monoterpenoid indole alkaloids with broad therapeutic applications. As the commercial synthesis of iridoid-based drugs often relies on a semisynthetic approach involving biocatalysts, the discovery of enzymes from the insect iridoid route can account for a valuable resource and economic alternative to the previously used enzymes from the metabolism of plants. Hence, this review illustrates the recent discoveries made on the steps of the iridoid pathway in Chrysomelina leaf beetles. The findings are also placed in the context of the studied counterparts in plants and are further discussed regarding their use in technological approaches.
NMR Studies of Lithium Diffusion in Li3(NH2)2I Over Wide Range of Li+ Jump Rates
Authors: Skripov Alexander V. , Volgmann Kai , Chandran C. Vinod , Skoryunov Roman V. , Babanova Olga A. , Soloninin Alexei V. , Orimo Shin-ichi , Heitjans Paul
Published: May 2017

We have studied the Li diffusion in the complex hydride Li3(NH2)2I which appears to exhibit fast Li ion conduction. To get a detailed insight into the Li motion, we have applied 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods, such as spin-lattice relaxation in the laboratory and rotating frames of reference, as well as spin-alignment echo. This combined approach allows us to probe Li jump rates over the wide dynamic range (~102–109 s−1). The spin-lattice relaxation data in the range 210–410 K can be interpreted in terms of a thermally-activated Li jump process with a certain distribution of activation energies. However, the low-temperature spin-alignment echo decays at T≤200 K suggest the presence of another Li jump process with the very low effective activation energy.
Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Studies on the Corrosion Inhibition Potential of Camellia sinensis Leaves Extract for Carbon Steel in Produced Water
Authors: Heakal F. El-Taib , Osman M.M. , Deyab M.A. , Elkholy A.E.
Published: May 2017

The present study evaluates the effect of Camellia sinensis leaves (CSL) extract on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in produced water using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and computational methods. The chromatographic investigation of the extract was performed by HPLC. It was found that CSL extract serves as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor and its inhibitive performance increases with concentration. The corrosion inhibition was assumed to occur via adsorption of the primary constituents of CSL extract. Surface analysis (SEM and FTIR) was also carried out to establish the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. The outcomes obtained from the computational study were found to confirm experimental data.
Modulation of Isometric Quadriceps Strength in Soccer Players With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: A Crossover Study
Authors: Vargas Valentine Z. , Baptista Abrahão F. , Pereira Guilherme O.C. , Pochini Alberto C. , Ejnisman Benno , Santos Marcelo B. , João Silvia M.A. , Hazime Fuad A.
Published: May 2017

Vargas, VZ, Baptista, AF, Pereira, GOC, Pochini, AC, Ejnisman, B, Santos, MB, João, SMA, and Hazime, FA. Modulation of isometric quadriceps strength in soccer players with transcranial direct current stimulation: a crossover study. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1336–1341, 2018—The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the maximum isometric muscle contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors in soccer players at the preprofessional level. Twenty female soccer players aged 15–17 years (mean = 16.1; SD = 0.9) with 5.2 ± 2.6 years of training were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive either active or sham tDCS in a single session (2 mA; 0.057 mA·cm−2). The MVIC of the knee extensors was evaluated in both lower limbs by manual dynamometry in 5 sets of contractions divided into 4 blocks: (a) prestimulation, (b) during tDCS, (c) 30 minutes after tDCS, and (d) 60 minutes after tDCS. After an interval of 7 days, the groups were evaluated again, and the type of initial stimulation was inverted between participants. The MVIC of the knee extensors increased significantly during active tDCS (dominant limb (DL) = 0.4; IC = 0.1–0.8 N·Kg−1), 30 minutes after active tDCS (DL = 0.9; IC 0.4–1.4 N·Kg−1), and 60 minutes after active tDCS (DL = 1.0; IC 0.3–1.6 N·Kg−1) but not for sham tDCS. Our conclusion was that tDCS temporarily increases isometric quadriceps strength in adolescent female soccer players, which may be useful for both strength training and rehabilitation.
Wortmannin Attenuates Seizure-Induced Hyperactive PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling, Impaired Memory, and Spine Dysmorphology in Rats
Authors: Carter Angela N. , Born Heather A. , Levine Amber T. , Dao An T. , Zhao Amanda J. , Lee Wai L. , Anderson Anne E.
Published: May 2017

Numerous studies have shown epilepsy-associated cognitive deficits, but less is known about the effects of one single generalized seizure. Recent studies demonstrate that a single, self-limited seizure can result in memory deficits and induces hyperactive phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (protein kinase B)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling. However, the effect of a single seizure on subcellular structures such as dendritic spines and the role of aberrant PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in these seizure-induced changes are unclear. Using the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model, we induced a single generalized seizure in rats and: (1) further characterized short- and long-term hippocampal and amygdala-dependent memory deficits, (2) evaluated whether there are changes in dendritic spines, and (3) determined whether inhibiting hyperactive PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling rescued these alterations. Using the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (Wort), we partially rescued short- and long-term memory deficits and altered spine morphology. These studies provide evidence that pathological PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling plays a role in seizure-induced memory deficits as well as aberrant spine morphology.
Valores Hematológicos y Bioquímica Sérica del Caimán Blanco (Caiman crocodilus) de Vida Libre en Madre de Dios, Perú
Authors: Carlos Erazo Nancy , Nuñez del Prado Yoana , Quispe Daniela , Capuñay Carmen
Published: May 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los valores hematológicos y bioquímica sérica del caimán blanco (Caiman crocodilus) de vida libre en Madre de Dios, Perú. Se capturaron 30 individuos (26 machos y 4 hembras) en las márgenes del río Madre de Dios. Las muestras sanguíneas se obtuvieron por punción en la rama dorsal de la vena craneal. Los valores hallados fueron: eritrocitos 1.45±0.97 x 106/μl, hematocrito 22.63±4.16%, hemoglobina 7.86±2.10 g/dl, VCM 190.6±76.9 fl, HCM 63.49±20.96 pg, CMCH 34.96±7.80 g/dl, leucocitos 13.18±5.85 x 103/μl, eosinófilos 1.54±1.21 x 103/μl, basófilos 1.31±1.20 x 103/μl, linfocitos 5.77±4.03 x 103/μl, monocitos 0.17±0.38 x 103/μl, heterófilos 2.16±2.59 x 103/μl, ALT 48.59±14.34 U/L, AST 114.0±28.5 UI/L, GGT 1.8±1.6 UI/L, creatinina 0.51±0.35 UI/L, colesterol 101.8±42.3 UI/L, glucosa 98.1±30.7 mg/dL, proteínas totales 5.01±1.00 g/dl, albúmina 1.65±0.29 g/dL, globulinas 3.13±1.08 g/dL, calcio 10.11±1.63 mg/dL y fósforo 6.44±1.09 mg/dl. Se encontraron diferencias significativas según el sexo para los valores de VCM y CMCH.
Efecto del Tratamiento Alcalino (NaOH) en la Digestibilidad de la Materia Seca y Proteína de la Totora (Scirpus californicus) en Cuyes (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Castro Bedriñana Jorge Isaac , Chirinos Peinado Doris Maritza , Paucar Quevedo Clever
Published: May 2017

El estudio se realizó en la sala de digestibilidad de la granja de cuyes de la Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica, con el objetivo de  evaluar el efecto del tratamiento alcalino de la totora (Scirpus californicus), forraje existente en centros experimentales de Lachoc, Tucumachay y Paturpampa, empleando hidróxido de sodio (NaOH) al 2, 3 y 4% en base seca, sobre la digestibilidad de materia seca y proteína en cuyes. Luego del tratamiento alcalino de la totora se realizaron pruebas de digestibilidad en 16 cuyes machos de 4 meses de edad de la Línea Inti, empleándose 4 animales por tratamiento: (T1): Totora sin tratamiento alcalino, (T2) Tratamiento de totora con NaOH al 2%, (T3) Tratamiento de totora con NaOH al 3% y (T4) Tratamiento de totora con NaOH al 4%. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad (%) para la materia seca da la totora sin tratamiento y tratada con 2, 3 y 4% de NaOH, fueron 63,46b, 65,27b, 69,88a y 70,86a (P<0,01); para la proteína total fueron 73,86c, 75,06c, 78,46b y 81,25a (P<0,01), respectivamente. Se concluye que el tratamiento de la totora con NaOH fue efectivo en mejorar la digestibilidad de la materia seca y proteína cruda, siendo el efecto más notorio al emplear NaOH al 4%.

 

Palabras claves: digestibilidad, totora, hidróxido de sodio, proteína total, materia seca, cuyes.
Reporte de Caso: Rabdomiosarcoma Embrional en un Bulldog Inglés
Authors: Rojas Hurtado Jessenia Julieth , Trujillo Dunia Yisela , Rengifo Valbuena Carlos Augusto
Published: May 2017

Este artículo describe el caso clínico de un canino Bulldog Inglés, hembra, de 10 meses de edad, llevado a consulta por presentar un nódulo superficial y de crecimiento acelerado en la zona abdominal izquierda. Al examen físico se encuentra una masa sésil, de aproximadamente 2 x 3 cm, en la piel del flanco izquierdo, lateral a la segunda glándula mamaria, no dolorosa. La paciente fue sometida a biopsia escisional para retirar la masa en su totalidad. El estudio histopatológico determinó rabdomiosarcoma embrional, una patología poco frecuente en caninos, tratada con éxito y sin recidiva reportada en los seis meses posteriores de su remoción.
Aprendizaje Temprano a la Ingesta de Concentrado en Alpacas Huacaya
Authors: Castro Bedriñana Jorge Isaac , Chirinos Peinado Doris Maritza , Rojas Pérez Robert
Published: May 2017

Con el objetivo de determinar la edad óptima de alpacas Huacaya en el aprendizaje temprano a la ingesta de concentrado con influencia materna previa, se realizó un estudio en la UP Conocancha - SAIS Pachacutec; sustentado en la susceptibilidad de las alpacas jóvenes de no ingerir concentrados a causa de la neofobia, la cual puede ser reducida por efecto del entorno familiar y la presencia temprana de concentrado; para lo cual se emplearon 30 crías de alpaca, divididas en tres grupos de 10 animales, de dos, tres y cuatro meses de edad por cada grupo, a los que se les ofreció un concentrado a base de SPT, cebada molida, pasta de algodón, melaza y sales minerales, evaluándose la aceptación diaria durante 15 días consecutivos. El primer grupo (T1) inicio el tratamiento a los dos meses de edad; el segundo (T2) a los tres meses de edad y el tercero (T3) a los cuatro meses de edad. Finalizado el estudio se observó un 80% de aceptación del concentrado en los animales del (T3) registrado a los 8,75±0,46 días, siendo más precoz que en los otros tratamientos (P<0,05), registrándose 20% de neofobia. En el (T2) el 100% de los animales aceptaron el concentrado al día 11. El 100% de los animales del (T1) aceptó en concentrado al día 13. La uniformización del consumo de concentrado fue mejor en los animales del (T3), con 7±0,93 días (P<0,05); en el resto de grupos la uniformidad fue registrada entre los 13 a 14 días. El consumo voluntario fue mayor en los animales del (T2) con 56,78±18,54 gramos (P<0,05), evidenciándose que la mejor edad para el aprendizaje temprano de las alpacas al consumo de concentrado fue a los tres meses de edad.
Frecuencia de Neoplasias en Cavidad Oral de Caninos y Felinos, Diagnosticadas Histopatológicamente en el Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Periodo 2007- 2013)
Authors: Páucar P. Jhessenia , Perales C. Rosa , Tabacchi N. Luis
Published: May 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio retrospectivo fue determinar la frecuencia de neoplasias en cavidad oral en caninos y felinos mediante el diagnóstico histopatológico en el Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, durante el periodo 2007-2013. Se diagnosticaron 115 casos de neoplasias orales dentro de 1454 casos de neoplasias caninas (7.9%) y 7 casos de neoplasias orales dentro de 54 casos de neoplasias felinas (13%). El épuli fue la neoplasia de mayor frecuencia (20.5%).
Determinación in vitro de la Actividad Antimicótica del Aceite de Romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) sobre Microsporum canis
Authors: Dentone Sandra , Morales Cauti Siever
Published: May 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la actividad antimicótica in vitro del aceite de romero (Rosmarinus Officinalis) sobre Microsporum canis. Se aisló una cepa de M. canis a partir de muestras clínicas. El aceite de romero se obtuvo por el método de arrastre a vapor con una concentración del 100% de pureza. Mediante el método de difusión en pocillo se enfrentó la cepa de M. canis a ocho concentraciones del aceite de romero (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10 000, 50 000 y 100 000 ppm). Los resultados indicaron una adecuada sensibilidad de M. canis a partir de la concentración de 50 000 ppm.
Fundamentos y Consideraciones de la Patología Endometrial Canina
Authors: Sánchez Riquelme Alfonso , Arias Ruiz Francisco
Published: May 2017

El estudio de las patologías reproductivas es de importancia para el adecuado abordaje clínico y médico. El objetivo del presente artículo fue realizar una investigación bibliográfica sobre los fundamentos y consideraciones de la patología endometrial canina, con énfasis en la hiperplasia endometrial quística y la piometra, buscando sostener o refutar el concepto arraigado o dogma, acerca de la condicionalidad existente entre ellas, el cual ha sido denominado complejo hiperplasia endometrial quística-piometra. De acuerdo a le evidencia analizada, se puede señalar que en la perra existen dos tipos de lesiones uterinas comunes que pueden ser de presentación independiente: alteraciones del crecimiento (hiperplasia) y alteraciones inflamatorias/infecciosas (endometritis-piometra). En la etiopatogenia de ambas entidades el rol de la progesterona, en tanto generadora de cambios celulares y moleculares en el epitelio uterino, resulta indiscutible.
Efeito de doses de boro aplicadas no sulco de plantio do algodoeiro, em solo deficiente
Authors: Silva Nelson Machado da , Carvalho Luiz Henrique , Chiave-Gato Ederaldo José , Sabino Nelson Paulieri , HiroceIII, 2 Rúter
Published: May 2017

Em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo - fase arenosa, deficiente em boro para a lavoura algodoeira, no município de Leme (SP), foram conduzidos ensaios de campo com doses variáveis do micronutriente durante os anos agrícolas de 1976/77, 1977/78 e 1978/79. No primeiro ano, o boro foi fornecido no sulco de plantio nas doses de 0,0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 e 2,0kg/ha sob a forma de bórax; nos anos subseqüentes, introduziram-se mais dois níveis: 0,75 e l,25kg/ha. A adubaçao básica anual foi 10-60-75kg/ha de N, P²O5 e K2O, no sulco de plantio, e duas coberturas de 30kg/ha de N. O efeito médio do boro sobre a produção de algodão em caroço foi positivo e altamente significativo, com, tendência para crescer com o nível de produtividade das plantas. Estudo econômico, segundo método do trinômio do segundo grau, revelou a dose de l,23kg/ha de B como a mais econômica, com receita líquida da ordem de Cr$ 22.862,00 por hectare, devida à aplicação do micronutriente. O peso médio de um capulho e a precocidade de colheita também foram influenciados favoravelmente, enquanto a maturidade da fibra se mostrou prejudicada pela adubação boratada. Dentre os sintomas relatados como de deficiência do micronutriente, destacaram-se: deformações na flor, atraso no ciclo das plantas, engrossamento e rachaduras no caule, superbrotamento e anéis concêntricos no pecíolo e no caule.
Relações entre desempenho escolar e orientações motivacionais
Authors: Martinelli Selma de Cássia , Genari Carla Helena Manzini
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as relações entre desempenho escolar de alunos do ensino fundamental e suas orientações motivacionais. Participaram 150 estudantes, entre 9 e 12 anos de idade, de uma escola pública do Estado de São Paulo, que cursavam a 3ª e 4ª séries do ensino fundamental. Os resultados revelaram que na terceira série houve uma correlação significativa e negativa entre motivação extrínseca e desempenho escolar, ou seja, quanto menor o desempenho escolar maior a motivação extrínseca. No que diz respeito à motivação intrínseca e o desempenho escolar, as variáveis não apresentaram correlação significativa. Na 4ª série houve uma correlação significativa e negativa entre motivação extrínseca e desempenho escolar, ou seja, quanto menor o desempenho escolar maior a motivação extrínseca. No que diz respeito à motivação intrínseca e o desempenho escolar as variáveis apresentaram correlação significativa e positiva, indicando que quanto maior o desempenho maior a motivação intrínseca.
As representações sociais de transgênicos nos jornais brasileiros
Authors: Allain Juliana Mezzomo , Nascimento-Schulze Clélia Maria , Camargo Brígido Vizeu
Published: May 2017

Em alguns países que haviam passado recentemente por graves crises alimentares, os transgênicos receberam forte resistência da população. Nesses países, a mídia teve uma papel importante na discussão crítica e na veiculação dos argumentos de movimentos ambientais e de consumidores sobre os transgênicos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar quais as representações sobre transgênicos divulgadas pela mídia impressa brasileira. Foram coletados todos os artigos publicados sobre esse tema nos jornais A Folha de São Paulo e O Estado de São Paulo, entre 2000 e 2005. Os dados foram analisados com ajuda do programa ALCESTE. Os resultados mostram que a mídia nacional ainda contribui mais para uma legitimação dos riscos do que para a construção de representações sociais que possam ser usadas como armas críticas em relação ao modelo de desenvolvimento do país e suas conseqüências para as gerações futuras.
Taiteilija ja kunta, kuntataiteilija
Authors: Lamminen Tiina
Published: May 2017

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The evolution of ideas on the biological role of 5-methylcytosine oxidative derivatives in the mammalian genome
Authors: Efimova Olga A , Pendina Anna A , Tikhonov Andrei V , Baranov Vladislav S
Published: May 2017

Summary: In this review, we summarize data on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine – cytosine modifications which are produced by TET-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine in DNA. We show the biochemistry of modified cytosine as well as methods for its global and location analysis. We also highlight the milestones in the evolution of ideas on the biological role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine in the mammalian genome since their discovery in 2009 till present.
Productivity and stress-tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants with constitutive expression of rapeseed glutathione synthetase gene BnGSH
Authors: Kuluev Bulat R , Berezhneva Zoya A , Mikhaylova Elena V , Postrigan Bogdan N , Knyazev Aleksey V
Published: May 2017

Summary: Glutathione is the most important part of plant antioxidant defense system. Biosynthesis of glutathione in the cells is performed by two enzymes: glutamylcysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase, the latter catalyzing the attachment of glycine to a dipeptide glutamylcysteine. In literature there is information on the improvement of heavy metal-tolerance of transgenic plants due to the increase in the expression level of glutathione synthetase genes. However there is not enough data on the tolerance of these plants to other types of abiotic stress. Therefore the aim of our research was to make transgenic tobacco plants with constitutive expression of rapeseed glutathione synthetase gene BnGSH and to estimate their growth parameters in normal conditions and under salt, drough and cold stress. Using agrobacterial transformation method, we generated 17 lines of transgenic plants containing rapeseed BnGSH gene under control of 35S promoter. The presence of transgenes was confirmed by PCR method and histochemical analysis of the activity of GUS reporter gene. 12 lines with the highest expression of BnGSH gene were chosen on the basis of the results of RT-PCR. We performed morphological analysis, including measurements of stem hight, leaf area, flower length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and root length. Some transgenic plants demonstrated increased productivity in normal conditions as well as under NaCl stress. However, no change in drought and cold tolerance was observed in transgenic plants.
Low level of genetic differentiation among populations of the rare species Allium regelianum A.K. Becker ex Iljin from the Volgograd region detected by ISSR-analysis
Authors: Trifonova Aya A , Kochieva Elena Z , Kudryavtsev Alexander M
Published: May 2017

Background. Knowledge of genetic diversity within and among populations of rare and endangered plants species is practically important for conservation management. Molecular markers are useful tools for analysis of genetic diversity. In this study ISSR-analysis of rare endemic species Allium regelianum which grows in the Volgograd region was performed for the first time.

Materials and Methods. A total of 93 samples from the 11 populations were collected and used in analysis. Six primers used in ISSR-analysis. Data analysis was performed using the GenAlEx 6.41, POPGEN 1.32, PAST 3.11 and STRUCTURE 2.3.1 programs.

Results. A total of 109 ISSR-fragments were scored of which 87 (79.8%) were polymorphic. Comparatively high level of intrapopulation diversity was estimated for the population of the area near Krasnoyarskii khutor, Serafimovichskii administrative region, and for the population of Khrenovatyi Liman, Nikolaevskii administrative region of Volgograd Oblast. Genetic similarity index among populations ranged from 0.88 to 0.96. Genetic differentiation among populations of A. regelianum, GST was 0.284, only. Analysis of molecular variance showed that genetic heterogeneity of A. regelianum 83% was attributed to differences within populations and 17% occurred among populations. Principal coordinate analysis and analysis of populations structure (with the used of STRUCTURE program) found no clear differentiation among populations.

Conclusion. The estimation of intra- and interpopulation diversity of A. regelianum was performed. ISSRs detected high levels of genetic similarity within the populations of A. regelianum and low level of genetic differentiation among populations.
Growth Estimates of Entire Function Solutions of Generalized Bi-Axially Symmetric Helmholtz Equation
Authors: Kumar Devendra
Published: May 2017

Growth estimates for entire function solutions of the generalized bi-axially symmetric Helmholtz equation ∂2u/∂x2 + ∂2u/∂y2 + (2µ/x)·(∂u/∂x) + (2ν/y)·(∂u/∂y) +k2u = 0, (µ,ν Є R+), in terms of their Jacobi Bessel coefficients and ratio of these coefficients have been studied. Some relations for order and type also have been obtained in terms of Taylor and Neumann coefficients. Our results generalize and extend some results of Gilbert and Howard, McCoy, Kumar and Singh.
The state of knowledge on the deglaciation of America in 2017
Authors: Palacios D.
Published: May 2017

This work presents a summary of all contributions included in this Special Issue on the deglaciation of America. It analyses the differences and coincidences between the phases of glacial evolution and their chronology in each of the regions studied, and seeks a possible explanation for asynchronies, according to the opinions of the authors of the contributions. Most of the papers show significant diversity within each region due to local factors and different approaches to their study. Often, local differences are even more important than differences with other regions. In North and Central America glacial evolution appears quite uniform, in line with the evolution of the temperature in the North Atlantic. The differences found between some regions may be due to slight variations in the impact of the temperature of the Atlantic in each region, and to differences in approaching their study. The glacial evolution of the Andes presents a greater diversity, probably due to the existence of arid areas along most of the mountain range, which show a greater sensitivity to the reception of humidity than to temperature in their glacial balance. In general, researchers have detected an attenuation of the influence of the temperature of the North Atlantic towards the south, and of the Antarctic Cold Reversal towards the north.
STONE DETERIORATION CHARACTERIZATION FOR ITS CONSERVATION
Authors: Charola A. Elena
Published: May 2017

Abstract: The conservation of stone is fundamental for the preservation of our architectural and monumental heritage. Although stone is reputed as one of the most resistant materials, there are many factors that contribute towards its deterioration. This paper aims to summarize the main deterioration factors, such as air pollution, the presence of soluble salts, and biocolonization. A brief discussion of these factors serves as the basis to introduce the importance of a correct diagnosis regarding the origin of the observed deterioration. Only then, can the most appropriate solution be found to address the problem.Keywords: stone nature, deterioration, conservationResumo:CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA DETERIORAÇÃO DAS PEDRAS PARA A SUA CONSERVAÇÃO. A conservação da pedra é fundamental para a preservação do nosso património arquitectónico e monumental. Embora seja um dos materiais mais resistentes, deve-se considerar que existem muitos factores que podem contribuir para a sua deterioração. O presente trabalho sintetiza os principais factores de deterioração, tais como a poluição atmosférica, a presença de sais solúveis e a biocolonização. Uma breve resenha destes factores serve de base para salientar a importância de fazer o diagnóstico correcto da origem da deterioração observada. Só então se pode encontrar a solução mais adequada para resolver o problema.Palavras Chave: tipo de pedra, deterioração, conservação.
SOBRE PEDRA, ARQUITETURA E RESTAURO
Authors: Oliveira Mário Mendonça de
Published: May 2017

Resumo: O texto mostra, em rápidas pinceladas, a importância da pedra como material de construção, através dos tempos, demonstrando como o nascimento da arquitetura monumental coincide com o domínio do trabalho sobre os materiais líticos. Destaca, em seguida, como os diversos momentos da Cultura do Mundo Ocidental encararam o trabalho da cantaria, nas suas edificações, e o progressivo distanciamento da formação dos arquitetos do conhecimento do uso da pedra nos edifícios, bem como da ciência da sua conservação. Enfatiza-se, igualmente, a necessidade de preparação científica para enfrentar os problemas da degradação dos materiais líticos dos edifícios modernos e antigos, trazendo alguns exemplos de intervenções sobre os mesmos. Palavras Chave: pedra, cantaria, conservaçãoAbstract: ABOUT STONE, ARCHITECTURE AND CONSERVATION. The text shows, in rapid brushstrokes, the importance of stone as a building material through the ages, demonstrating how the birth of monumental architecture coincides with the domain of the work on lithic materials. Then, it points out how, in various moments, Western Culture had used stonework in its buildings, and how architects are getting progressively alienated from the knowledge of the use of stone in buildings, as well as the science of its conservation. It is also emphasized the need for scientific preparation to deal with the problems of the degradation of lithic materials, in both modern and ancient buildings, showing examples of restoration works done on them. Keywords: stone, stonework, conservation
A CONSTITUIÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA DA CONSERVAÇÃO E A PROJEÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA DO PATRIMÔNIO
Authors: Froner Yacy-Ara
Published: May 2017

Resumo: A integração gradual da ciência no âmbito museológico e o fortalecimento da colaboração entre conservadores-restauradores, cientistas da conservação e curadores podem fornecer as pistas necessárias para compreender a história da Ciência da Conservação e a projeção atual da Ciência do Patrimônio. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a Primeira Conferência Internacional para o Estudo de Métodos Científicos para o Exame e Conservação de Obras de Arte, que ocorreu em Roma, em 1930. Realizado sob os auspícios do Escritório Internacional de Museus (1926-194), do Instituto Internacional de Cooperação Intelectual (1924-1946) e por meio das ações dos comitês nacionais, este encontro pode ser considerado um marco no estabelecimento da área da Ciência da Conservação, tanto no que se refere à visibilidade dos primeiros laboratórios, quanto no que concerne as discussões de formação do Conservador-restaurador.Palavras Chave: ciência do patrimônio, ciência da conservação, conservação-restauro, epistemologia, formaçãoAbstract: SCIENCE CONSTITUTION OF CONSERVATION AND THE PROJECTION OF HERITAGE SCIENCE. The gradual integration of science into the museum and the strengthening of the collaboration between the conservators-restorers, the conservation scientists, and the curators describe the early history of the Conservation Science and the current launch of the Heritage Science. This paper aims to discuss the First International Conference for the Study of Scientific Methods for the Examination and Preservation of Works of Art, which took place in Rome 1930. It was held under the auspices of the International Museums Office (1926-1946), of the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation (1924-1946), and of the Nationals Committees. Also, it must be realised as the landmark in the discussion of the Conservation Science of the Cultural Heritage because of the visibility of the first laboratories, besides of the establishment of the debates about to the conservator-restorer training.Keywords: heritage science, conservation science, conservation-restoration, epistemology, training
AS PEDRAS PORTUGUESAS DOS EDÍFICIOS E MONUMENTOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Lopes Luís
Published: May 2017

Resumo: A utilização de rochas ornamentais portuguesas nos países da CPLP (Comunidade do Países de Língua Oficial Portuguesa), desde o Séc. XVI é historicamente conhecida e encontra-se profusamente documentada. Por exemplo, consultando a base de dados do SIPA (Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, disponível em http://www.monumentos.pt) encontramos quase 33.000 referências à utilização da “pedra” em monumentos. Infelizmente, na maior parte dos casos não se refere especificamente que pedra, ou pedras, foram utilizadas em determinado monumento, pelo que algo ainda haverá a fazer para completar esta enorme e muito importante base de dados. Concretamente e no que concerne ao Brasil, são referidos 163 monumentos e edifícios onde pedra de origem portuguesa foi utilizada. Partindo do exemplo concreto da cidade de Évora, neste curto ensaio apresentamos os principais tipos litológicos, de origem portuguesa, que podemos encontrar em edifícios e monumentos históricos no Brasil.Palavras Chave: rochas ornamentais portuguesas, lioz, mármore, monumentosAbstract: PORTUGUESE DIMENSION STONES AND BRAZILIAN MONUMENTS. The use of Portuguese Dimension Stones in the countries of the CPLP (Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries) since the 16th century is historically known and widely documented. For example, by consulting the SIPA database (Architectural Heritage Information System, available at http://www.monumentos.pt) we find almost 33,000 references to the use of "stone" in monuments. Unfortunately, in most cases it does not specifically refer to what stone or stones were used in a given monument, so there is still something to be done to complete this huge and very important database. Specifically, as far as Brazil is concerned, 163 monuments and buildings where Portuguese origin stone of was used are mentioned. In this short essay, taking as example the stones used in the city of Évora, we present the main lithological types of Portuguese origin, which can be found in historical buildings and monuments in Brazil.Keywords: portuguese dimension stones, lioz, marble, monuments
Teachers’ beliefs and students’ experiences regarding intercultural communicative competence teaching and learning
Authors: Beresova Jana
Published: May 2017

The article is based on the preliminary results of an ongoing research project that seeks to explore intercultural communicative competence of language teachers and university students. The article reports teachers’ beliefs and students’ experiences concerning intercultural communicative competence teaching and learning, gained by means of questionnaires. As Likert-type scales use fixed choice response formats and are designed to measure attitudes and opinions, they were used in the measurement of students’ statements that were asked to be evaluated in a survey, carried out in three different periods (steps). Teachers’ beliefs result from a long questionnaire, focused on data about how teachers perceive the cultural dimension of English language teaching and learning. The conclusions are based on data collected in a five-year study that need further investigation in the currently run project. Several recommendations for pre-service and in-service teacher training are commented on in the end.
Keywords: teaching English, learning English, acquiring target culture, intercultural communicative competence
Multiple language learning
Authors: Seker Emrullah
Published: May 2017

English is no longer seen as an extra qualification and it has become a sine qua non basic skill rather than a foreign language, resulting in the slogan English is not enough not only for second language speakers of English but also for the L1 speakers. Accordingly, in this paper, we review studies on multilingualism and simultaneous or successive learning of multiple languages and describe the languages involved in terms of their qualitative or quantitative properties by referring to accessibility, universal grammar and initial state theories, finally aiming to dissipate the terminological ambiguity in the field. In this context, based on the current theories of Universal Grammar on lexical and grammatical learning and theoretical and applied studies on multilingualism and multilingual individuals, we put forth approaches and strategies suggested for simultaneous or successive learning of multiple languages. The results obtained from the study not only contribute to the terminology but also understanding of the simultaneous and successive learning of multiple languages.
 
 
Keywords: languages, learning, strategies, multilingualism.
Ways of idiom transformation and modification
Authors: Belozerova Ekaterina
Published: May 2017

The present research focuses on phraseological derivation as an important key source of phraseological language system development and broadening. The study of contemporary British literature for teens and the analyses of the idioms used in literal works of selected and nominated authors let us come to certain conclusions which will be given in the present session. The aim of the present research is to reveal the contemporary ways of phraseological derivation and their speech realization in modern literal texts for teens. The object of the present research is a phraseological way of development in the contemporary phraseological English language system. The subject of the research is the communicative value and characteristics of phraseological derivatives. The results and data which were received will be useful for language instructors and teachers, as well as for further linguistic analyses in this field.
 
Keywords: lexicology, phraseology, idioms, contemporary British literature for teens.
The impact of computer-assisted language learning on Iranian EFL students’ vocabulary learning
Authors: Rahimi Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali , Mouri Samira
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to explore the impact of computer-assisted language learning on Iranian EFL students’ vocabulary learning. Participants of the study were 76 students – 29 males and 47 females – learning English as a foreign language in Parto, Sadr, Poyesh and Andishe Institutes in Ahvaz who were selected after taking the Nelson English Language Test as a proficiency test. They were randomly divided into two groups. One group was taken as control and the other as experimental group. Both groups participated in the teacher-made test of vocabulary, Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT), and Word-Associates Test (WAT) as pre-test. During class sessions the control group was taught the vocabulary, in the conventional way, through the printed textbook while the experimental group taught by the software version of the same book. Three ANCOVAs were run to compare the performance of experimental and control groups after the treatment period. The results of the ANCOVAs revealed that using vocabulary learning software was more effective than using printed book on vocabulary learning, vocabulary breadth, and vocabulary depth of the participants. The results of the present study could help EFL course book designers, foreign language institutes, educational planners, material developers, teachers, and learners to provide a better context for EFL learning.
Keywords: computer-assisted instruction, computer-assisted language learning, information communication technology, vocabulary breadth, vocabulary teaching software
Wiki effect on English as a foreign language writing achievement
Authors: Celik Seyda Savran , Aydin Selami
Published: May 2017

The number of the studies conducted on the use of wikis on the English as a foreign language (EFL) learning process has remained fairly limited. More specifically, in The number of the studies conducted on the use of wikis on the English as a foreign language (EFL) learning process has remained fairly limited. More specifically, in the Turkish EFL context, little attention has been paid to the effects of wikis on EFL writing achievement. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of a wiki-based writing environment in terms of EFL writing achievement in the Turkish EFL context. In this experimental study, a background questionnaire, a writingachievement pre- and a post-test were administered to a sample group of 42 EFL learners. Results indicate that the use of wiki-based online writing environment increases writing achievement regarding content. It is recommended that wikis as appropriate tools to increase learners’ EFL writing achievement should be integrated into the EFL learning process. The advantages that wikis serve should not be ignored but exploited by the teachers. Keywords: English as a foreign language, wiki, writing, achievement.
An analysis of complex sentence structures in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ozcan Aysegul , Kuruoglu Gulmira , Alptekin Koksal , Ozsoy Sumru
Published: May 2017

Patients with schizophrenia often display unusual language impairments and these abnormalities in language are among the most extreme and obvious symptoms in Schizophrenia Disorder. In this context, this research attempts to analyze andcompare the schizophrenic patients’ and control group’s speech in terms of complex sentence structures. Fifty patientswith schizophrenia diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria have been includedd in the study and compared to fifty healthysubjects matched for age, sex and education level with the patients. The subjects’ speech has been evaluated in fourstages. These are narration, story picture sequencing, semi-structured speech and free speech. The data consists of 8-10minute recorded interviews. The recordings have been transcribed based on DuBois’ Discourse Transcription Symbols. Thestatistical and linguistic analyses have shown significant differences between complex sentence types’ of patients withschizophrenia and healthy subjects’. The findings have demonstrated that due to the possible cognitive problems thespeech produced by schizophrenia patients is syntactically less complex than that of controls. Additionally, patients withschizophrenia use shorter and simple sentences instead of complex sentences compared to healthy subjects.
Keywords: schizophrenia, sentence structure, complex sentence, language disorder, thought disorder.