bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual Anastylosis of the Arch of Titus at Circus Maximus in Rome
Authors: Canciani M. , Falcolini C. , Buonfiglio M. , Pergola S. , Saccone M. , Mammì B. , Romito G.
Published: July 2014

The methodology presented in this paper, based on the 3d modeling of fragments and the use of a 3D GIS, has studied some of the procedures for the virtual reconstruction of archaeological complex sites, such as the Arch of Titus. This method is based on the factorization of the reconstruction process in a planimetric anastylosis, a following altimetric anastylosis and a three-dimensional volumetric anastylosis that brings together information derived from the first two. Our research also makes use of existing traditional graphic documentation, from which it takes its cue.
The Medieval San Francesco Convent in Cagliari: From the Architectural, Materical and Historical-Stratigraphical Analysis to the Information System
Authors: Giannattasio C. , Grillo S.M. , Vacca G.
Published: July 2014

The Franciscan monastery, situated in the historic center of Cagliari (Sardinia), was founded in the thirteenth century, and transformed during the later centuries, up to the present day. The complexity of the case and the lack of objective data about its history has led us to carry out an interdisciplinary inquiry, in order to achieve a better knowledge of the building, preliminary for the drafting of a restoration project that respects all the signs that the time left. Starting from a deep examination of the indirect sources, turned out to be incomplete, the investigation continued with the execution of a survey with laser scanner and with the characterization of materials and related diseases of degradation.

For the laser scanner survey we used a Faro Focus 3D, versatile and lightweight instrument that allows to perform scans with high speed point acquisition and high accuracy. For data elaboration we used the JRC 3D Reconstructor Software by the Gexcel srl.

The characterization of the materials was performed on a reasoned sampling of natural and artificial materials, referring to masonry, interstitial mortars and plasters, carried out at strategic points, representative of the various phases of the construction. The samples were studied through mineralogical-petrographic methods with instrumental techniques for the analysis of component materials (OM, X-Ray diffraction).

The data obtained, crossed with the results of the reconstruction of historical maps, of the examination of masonry techniques and of the analysis of pattern elements (arches, vaults, decorative elements), have facilitated stratigraphic analysis and helped to advance chronological reasoned hypothesis referring to the building. Besides, an interdisciplinary approach for the study of cultural heritage is very important to define a proper restoration and conservation intervention.

The work was completed with the setup of a Geographic Information System was borne out of the necessity of providing support for the management of the heritage. The GIS for the San Francesco site was created by using the geometry data obtained from the graphical output of the laser scan, and then completed with the orthophotos and the data obtained from the architectural, material and stratigraphic research.
KEGGscape: a Cytoscape app for pathway data integration
Authors: Nishida Kozo , Ono Keiichiro , Kanaya Shigehiko , Takahashi Koichi
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we present KEGGscape a pathway data integration and visualization app for Cytoscape (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/keggscape). KEGG is a comprehensive public biological database that contains large collection of human curated pathways. KEGGscape utilizes the database to reproduce the corresponding hand-drawn pathway diagrams with as much detail as possible in Cytoscape. Further, it allows users to import pathway data sets to visualize biologist-friendly diagrams using the Cytoscape core visualization function (Visual Style) and the ability to perform pathway analysis with a variety of Cytoscape apps. From the analyzed data, users can create complex and interactive visualizations which cannot be done in the KEGG PATHWAY web application. Experimental data with Affymetrix E. coli chips are used as an example to demonstrate how users can integrate pathways, annotations, and experimental data sets to create complex visualizations that clarify biological systems using KEGGscape and other Cytoscape apps.
Crowdsourcing New Product Ideas Under Consumer Learning
Authors: Huang Yan , Vir Singh Param , Srinivasan Kannan
Published: July 2014

We propose a dynamic structural model that illuminates the economic mechanisms shaping individual behavior and outcomes on crowdsourced ideation platforms. We estimate the model using a rich data set obtained from IdeaStorm.com, a crowdsourced ideation initiative affiliated with Dell. We find that, on IdeaStorm.com, individuals tend to significantly underestimate the costs to the firm for implementing their ideas but overestimate the potential of their ideas in the initial stages of the crowdsourcing process. Therefore, the “idea market” is initially overcrowded with ideas that are less likely to be implemented. However, individuals learn about both their abilities to come up with high-potential ideas as well as the cost structure of the firm from peer voting on their ideas and the firm's response to contributed ideas. We find that individuals learn rather quickly about their abilities to come up with high-potential ideas, but the learning regarding the firm's cost structure is quite slow. Contributors of low-potential ideas eventually become inactive, whereas the high-potential idea contributors remain active. As a result, over time, the average potential of generated ideas increases while the number of ideas contributed decreases. Hence, the decrease in the number of ideas generated represents market efficiency through self-selection rather than its failure. Through counterfactuals, we show that providing more precise cost signals to individuals can accelerate the filtering process. Increasing the total number of ideas to respond to and improving the response speed will lead to more idea contributions. However, failure to distinguish between high- and low-potential ideas and between high- and low-ability idea generators leads to the overall potential of the ideas generated to drop significantly.

This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
Choice-Based Recommender Systems: A Unified Approach to Achieving Relevancy and Diversity
Authors: Jiang Hai , Qi Xin , Sun He
Published: July 2014

Recommender systems have been widely used by online stores to suggest items of interest to users. These systems often identify a subset of items from a much larger set that best matches the user's interest. A key concern with existing approaches is overspecialization, which results in returning items that are too similar to each other. Unlike existing solutions that rely on diversity metrics to reduce similarity among recommended items, we propose using choice probability to measure the overall quality of a recommendation list, which unifies the desire to achieve both relevancy and diversity in recommendation. We first define the recommendation problem from the discrete choice perspective. We then model the problem under the multilevel nested logit model, which is capable of handling similarities between alternatives along multiple dimensions. We formulate the problem as a nonlinear binary integer programming problem and develop an efficient dynamic programming algorithm that solves the problem to optimum in O(nKSR2) time, where n is the number of levels and K is the maximum number of children nests a nest can have in the multilevel nested logit model, S is the total number of items in the item pool, and R is the number of items wanted in recommendation.
Service Network Design with Resource Constraints
Authors: Crainic Teodor Gabriel , Hewitt Mike , Toulouse Michel , Vu Duc Minh
Published: July 2014

We first present a new service network design model for freight consolidation carriers, one that selects services and routes both commodities and resources needed to support the services that transport them, while explicitly recognizing that there are limits on how many resources are available at each terminal. We next present a solution approach that combines column generation, meta-heuristic, and exact optimization techniques to produce high-quality solutions. We demonstrate the efficacy of the approach with an extensive computational study and benchmark its performance against both a leading commercial solver and a column generation-based heuristic.
Observation as a method of data collection in qualitative research
Authors: Phillips Robyn
Published: July 2014

In recent years, qualitative research in midwifery practice and education has increased and there are now many examples to which midwives may refer. Similarly, in nursing, the use of qualitative research methods has burgeoned (Morse, 1991). The key tools for collecting data in qualitative research are interviewing, diary accounts and observation. This article discusses some of the important considerations in the use of observation as a research tool.
Supervision in midwifery practice: the debate and some evidence
Authors: Williams Elizabeth , Hunt Sheila C
Published: July 2014

Supervision is enshrined in statute and exists primarily to protect the public. It is and must remain an essential part of modern midwifery practice. The UKCC is currently consulting on new standards for the statutory supervision of midwives. This article, based on an in-depth study of midwives' knowledge and experience of supervision, explores some pertinent issues.
UKCC strengthens statutory supervision of midwives
Authors: Steene Jill
Published: July 2014

The UKCC is committed to supporting the continuing development and improvement of the standard of supervision of midwives exercised by supervisors across the UK. For supervision of midwives to be effective, it is essential that when concerns are expressed about the supervision midwives experience, the Council responds by listening to the concerns and takes appropriate action to improve the standards.
It's only a questionnaire… ethics in social science research
Authors: Robinson Jean
Published: July 2014

Even the most junior student nurse or midwife realises that there may be ethical problems involved in doing clinical research, though she may as yet have only vague ideas as to what they are.
Sharing reflections on critical incidents in midwifery practice
Authors: Chesney Margaret
Published: July 2014

This article aims to encourage midwives to send their reflections on critical incidents in practice to the British Journal of Midwifery with the view to linking practice with theory. It reflects on practice and some approaches to analysis are explored. A critical incident is reflected upon and analysed as an example.
Listening to the voices of the minority groups
Authors: Schott Judith , Henley Alix
Published: July 2014

In the final article of the series on cultural and religious aspects of maternity care, Judith Schott and Alix Henley discuss the issues involved in ensuring effective minority user representation on health service committees.
Post-delivery personal hygiene care
Authors: Way Susan
Published: July 2014

This article examines why post-delivery personal hygiene care is often delegated to the auxiliary and determines if there is any difference in the care offered by the midwife and auxiliary. The study found that midwives viewed personal hygiene care in the immediate post-delivery period as part of their role but felt that it was an area that could be easily delegated when the pressure of work dictated.
Midwives on the Internet
Authors: Anthony Denis
Published: July 2014

This article describes the Internet resources for midwives, examining current applications and outlining future developments.
Blood pressure in pregnancy: the need for accurate measurement
Authors: Shennan Cathy , Snennan Andrew
Published: July 2014

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain the major cause of maternal mortality in the UK. The recent British Eclampsia survey revealed that many women with an eclamptic seizure had a recent blood pressure that was not significantly raised. This may be due to errors in sphygmomanometry This article reviews the techniques (and pitfalls) of measuring lood pressure in pregnancy, and discusses ways of reducing ‘in hospital monitoring’.
Prelabour rupture of membranes at term: home management
Authors: Beckwith JE , Read MD
Published: July 2014

Choice for women has been an issue in maternity care for many years, has been highlighted more recently by Changing Childbirth. This study of the conservative management of pre-labour rupture of membranes (PROM) at term was carried out to meet the needs of women who did not wish to stay in hospital with PROM and to develop guidelines for the management of PROM.
Major ethical principles and values for midwifery
Authors: Henry Christine
Published: July 2014

This supplement introduces the major ethical principles and values that professions ought to consider, the exploration of those values in terms of being a midwife and the ethical principle of the clients rights to make choices.
Active management of labour and caesarean section rates
Authors: Henderson Jo
Published: July 2014

This article examines active management of labour and its association with reduced rates of caesarean section among primigravidas. It reviews the research evidence cited in support of the wide use of active management of labour, and suggests that alternative methods of ‘managing labour’ may be as effective.
Sexual misbehaviour: watching out for doctors who abuse
Authors: Robinson Jean
Published: July 2014

Somewhere out there is a doctor on the Medical Register who raped a fellow medical student, was never reported to the police, and was allowed to remain at the medical school he attended. The victim of his attack, who reported it to the dean, was rusticated, so rumours circulated among her fellow students that she must have done something awful. About 7 years ago, that woman, now a hospital doctor — wrote an anonymous but courageous account of the events in The Observer. I shuddered at the thought that behind the bland professional face of a man who might be examining me or my daughter lay the mind of a rapist.
The cost of change
Authors: Jackson Kate
Published: July 2014

The Expert Maternity Group, when addressing the issue of how the changes described in Changing Childbirth were to be achieved, focused on a more efficient use of resources and a key action point was that ‘Purchasers should agree with providers a programme to review the use of current resources, with particular emphasis on reducing unnecessary duplication.’
Trial by water
Authors: McLoughlin Aileen
Published: July 2014

This article presents a sometimes tongue-in-cheek, but nonetheless serious analysis, of one of the most common practices in midwifery — the demonstration baby bath. It suggests that the practice, while not unduly harmful in itself, is ritualistic on several levels. Its true value needs to be researched and properly appraised.
Midwifery in Romania
Authors: Sherratt Delia R
Published: July 2014

This article examines the determined efforts of Romanian midwives to re-assert the midwifery profession after the harm inflicted on it by the Ceausescu regime.
Oslo awaits midwives of the world
Authors: Walker Joan
Published: July 2014

For those midwives who have previously attended an International Triennial Congress the prospect of travelling to Oslo will be the cause of mounting excitement. Midwives planning to go for the first time have a treat in store.
Breast is best
Authors: Jackson Kate
Published: July 2014

Recently I was speaking with a group of experienced midwives, totally committed to providing a woman-centred service. Individually and collectively they saw the need for a woman to have choice and control as being the key tenets of good care and the need to provide unbiased and comprehensive information as a fundamental requirement of their practice.
The SEX model of sexual health
Authors: Robinson Jane
Published: July 2014

A recent literature review regarding sexual advice given to childbearing women found that information was generally inadequate. The SEX model of sexual health was developed with this in mind. It is easy to remember and is universally applicable.
Making GP fundholding work for midwives
Authors: Tyler Suzanne
Published: July 2014

Despite initial reservations, the RCM now recognizes that GP fundholding may offer the possibility of collaboration between midwives and GPs, bringing real advances in service delivery. This article acknowledges the difficulties that many midwives experience in working as equals with GPs and explores the potential for a more positive future.
Fatal choices?
Authors: Robinson Jean
Published: July 2014

‘It is very distressing for staff to have to watch a woman bleed to death while (she is) refusing effective treatment.’ The latest Report of Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the UK describes the cases of four women who died rather than accept blood transfusion. In one case the consultant anaesthetist became so upset that a colleague was asked to take over resuscitation.
Positive interventions
Authors: Jackson Kate
Published: July 2014

Seven years ago Ann Oakley and colleagues, funded by the Department of Health, under-took a randomized control trial looking at the effect of providing social support to pregnant women who had previously had at least one baby of low birthweight (less than 2500 grams) (Oakley et al, 1990).
Names, notes and records: a cultural perspective
Authors: Schott Judith , Henley Alix
Published: July 2014

NHS records are based on the British naming system. Names based on different naming systems may not fit neatly or acceptably into records. Recording and using clients' names incorrectly can cause problems ranging from offence and delay to serious clinical error..This article looks at a variety of different naming systems and how to ensure that all names are recorded and used correctly.
Stillbirth
Authors: Sutcliffe Debra
Published: July 2014

The psychology of grieving affects all those experiencing or involved with stillbirth. This article examines how psychological grieving theory can be incorporated into midwifery practice so that not only clients experiencing such loss, but also all the professionals involved, can mourn adequately.
Developing a tool for the assessment of clinical learning
Authors: Phillips Mari , Bharj Kuldip
Published: July 2014

Assessment of practice is fundamental to preregistration programmes of midwifery education. This article traces the development and implementation of a suitable tool to assess clinical competence within a 78-week preregistration (shortened) midwifery programme leading to the award of BSc (Hons) Midwifery Studies/Registered Midwife qualification.
Incorporating problem-based learning: striving towards women-centred care
Authors: Pansini-Murrell Julia
Published: July 2014

In November 1995, a new undergraduate preregistration midwifery degree programme commenced. Within the Division of Midwifery and Women's Health there was a desire to step away from more traditional methods of teaching/learning, towards one that would allow the undergraduate student to evolve a transformative perspective in their learning, from novice towards expert. This article explores the introduction of problem-based learning within a modular curriculum, and considers the initial evaluations by students and its value for preparing future midwives.
The final lever?
Authors: Jackson Kate
Published: July 2014

October will see the launch of a national campaign designed to try and ensure that women are able to get the best from their local maternity services.
The battered fetus
Authors: Robinson Jean
Published: July 2014

I am a battered fetus

After I hear the loud noises I feel the stress hormones rush into my blood-stream and I know there will be sudden movements as my womb-mother tries to lurch away from the blows to her belly or her head. I feel her heaving sobs and later the rush of nicotine and alcohol as she tries to calm herself.
The birth of Dolly: a cause for celebration or a science too far?
Authors: Hawkey Mary
Published: July 2014

The Gospel tells us that the first visitors to the stable in which Christ was born were shepherds who had been guarding their sheep in the surrounding hillsides. Although at best the link may seem tenuous if not blasphemous, I find it striking that almost 2000 years after the first virgin birth a second should occur — one conceived not by the Holy Ghost but by a team of scientists. And one, moreover, that may have equally far-reaching consequences for humankind, but this time with a sheep as saviour.
Delays 2: the legal process
Authors: Symon Andrew
Published: July 2014

Delays in the legal process may occur for several reasons. Expert opinions may take months to arrange and arrive; a solicitor's inexperience In medical litigation may also cause delays. A lack of communication between the two sides, particularly when cases are dropped, Is also a significant factor.
Can exercise harm the unborn baby?
Authors: Hawkey Mary
Published: July 2014

Unlike our pregnant grandmothers and mothers who believed that too much physical activity would harm their unborn babies, today's pregnant women are actively encouraged to flex their muscles. A recent study by Rafia and Whitelaw (1996) has shown that exercise is not harmful to the fetus in healthy pregnancies, although a study by Bell et al (1995) did establish a link between women who exercised vigorously more than four times a week with lower birth weight babies.
Computerized surveillance and maternity records
Authors: Salmon Gillian , Mitchell Winifred
Published: July 2014

This article reviews a computer system which incorporates the ability to provide continuous surveillance of cardiotocographs, with a flexible method of creating an electronic maternity record. Quantitative Surveillance (QS) can be purchased to be used as a surveillance unit with a full archiving ability, interfacing with Corometric's fetal monitors, or extended to provide a full maternity record. It will interface with other hospital information modules, including Hospital Information Support Systems (HISS). This article is not proposing to discuss the effect of electronic fetal monitoring on fetal outcome, but to discuss how such a system might enhance midwifery care, and help to assist in risk management issues which result in litigation. The practicalities, advantages and disadvantages from a user's perspective are addressed. The use of such a system should be considered by innovative practitioners.
The role of unit protocols and policies
Authors: Symon Andrew
Published: July 2014

Protocols and policies may be employed in an attempt to promote equality of treatment, and to ensure that the standard of care does not fall below a certain minimum level. While protocols may be too deterministic, and may even inhibit professional judgement, they will provide a yardstick by which a practitioner's actions are judged.
Teacher versus the computer for instruction: a study
Authors: Wilson Theresa , Mires Gary J
Published: July 2014

Computer assisted instruction (CAI) was tested for effectiveness within a small group of midwifery students. The topic covered was ‘Interpretation of a cardiotocograph (CTG)’ which is normally taught in a one hour tutorial session. Nine pre-registration students were chosen at random to be taught either by tutorial or a CAI package that had been written for medical students. A test of CTG interpretation was given to the whole group before instruction and the test was repeated, two weeks after instruction. The scores of the CAI group improved in the post-test compared to their pre-test scores, whereas the tutorial group showed no improvement. However, the pre-test revealed a higher level of prior knowledge in the group receiving the tutorial, compared to the group who were allocated to CAI. We conclude from the study that the CAI package was effective as the knowledge of the group given CAI improved and the improvement was maintained over a two week period. As the prior knowledge of the groups receiving CAI and tutorial instruction was different, we cannot compare the methods of Instruction. The similarity of some of the pre-test results led us to believe that there may have been bias due to collaboration. Although only four students were in one group and five in the other, improvement was significant for the CAI group (Student's t-test P=O.04 for post-test compared to pre-test This study has given us information with which to proceed to a study of larger numbers of students in which greater precautions will be taken to prevent collaboration motivated by inadequate knowledge in the pre-test.
Focus on fabric softener
Authors: Shallcross Mike
Published: July 2014

The widespread use of fabric softeners in conjunction with modern detergents in the home has led to concerns that they may cause adverse skin reactions, particularly on infants and those with sensitive skin. It has been determined that the use of fabric softeners is not a cause of infant dermatitis (‘nappy rash’) (Jenkins et al, 1983; Schneider et al, 1974; Steinbock and Swoboda, 1974; Motegi et al, 1974; Bouchier-Hays, 1988). But recently more detailed work on the specific effects on the skin has shown that Lenor from Procter and Gamble has no adverse effects, and indeed its use has some measurable benefits.
Critical views of litigation 1: litigants and solicitors
Authors: Symon Andrew
Published: July 2014

Some practitioners have expressed criticisms of people's motives in initiating litigation, and the antagonism inherent in this legal process does nothing to promote mutual understanding. Similarly, it is possible to find fault with the level of expertise among some plaintiff solicitors, although this situation has improved in recent years.
Returners to midwifery practice: do they practice?
Authors: Westwood-Timms Joan
Published: July 2014

In 1996 there were 97283 midwives registered on Part 10 of the professional register, however, only 34408 notified their intention to practice (35%). Midwives who have not notified their intention to practice for 5years must undertake a Return to Midwifery Practice course. This article describes the findings from a survey which explored the readiness to practice, employment opportunities and financial implications for 32 midwives who completed such a course at Homerton College, School of Health Studies, Cambridge, between 1993 and 1996. The employment opportunities of a further 16 midwives who completed the course in 1997 will also be considered.
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
Authors: Tufnell Derek J , Rogerson Lynne
Published: July 2014

This article describes a pattern of management for women who are either at risk of, or suffering from, a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. The reasons for concern about these conditions are described and the problems of predicting and preventing the serious hypertensive disorders discussed. The place of prophylactic agents, such as aspirin, is examined and their use evaluated. The management of mild to moderate problems is briefly discussed but the main focus is on serious problems. What can be learnt from the changes in incidence of the serious sequelae associated with these disorders will be specifically considered by examining changes in maternal mortality and eclampsia. The difficulties faced with timing of delivery are considered, together with important evidence concerning the benefits of magnesium sulphate in eclampsia. A way to improve the care of these seriously ill women in line with the Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom 1991–1993 (Department of Health, 1996) will be described.
Super Midwives/Midwife Consultants… your views!
Authors: Henderson Christine
Published: July 2014

Tony Blair made the announcement about the introduction of the ‘consultant nurse’ in September, to improve recruitment and retention within nursing. Midwives were left wondering if they were to be included. However, a Nurse Consultants Working Group was set up by Yvonne Moores, the Chief Nurse, with an invitation to the Royal College of Midwives (RCM) to nominate two representatives. These were a head of midwifery and the professional officer of the RCM. You said…
Does midwifery need regulation of practice at a higher level?
Authors: Hunt Sheila C
Published: July 2014

The UKCC has recently consulted the professions of nursing, mid-wifery and health visiting on the development of a framework for a higher level of practice. The latest copy of Register suggests that the decision has already been made, indeed there will be a series of pilot projects to test the practical implications and the costs of the project. So much for democracy and consultation! However, there are some very important issues for midwives to consider in this document.
Bournemouth: watch out — there's a midwife about
Authors: Henderson Christine , Allen Rose
Published: July 2014

By now thousands of midwives will have had notification of the 116th Annual General Meeting of the Royal College of Midwives dropped through their letterboxes. Midwives en masse will be descending on Bournemouth for the AGM and Branch Delegates Conference from 28–30 April. The professional day on 1 May, entitled Midwives Make the Difference, will be attended by over 600 midwives. The service of dedication precedes the Annual General Meeting which commences at 3pm on the first day, concluding with the President's address. Many will be looking forward to what the general secretary has to say in her address on Wednesday, full of great expectations.
Fetal monitoring review: Huntleigh® Diagnostic's Baby Dopplex® 4000
Authors: Collington Lilian
Published: July 2014

Recording the fetal heart rate has been part of pregnancy care for many years. In general the different clinical settings for this practise are:
Aspects of care 5: the continuing educational needs of midwives
Authors: Pope Rosemary , Cooney Margaret , Graham Lesley , Holliday Mary , Patel Swatee
Published: July 2014

This is the fifth in a series of six papers presenting key findings from a national study that was undertaken to investigate the role and responsibilities of midwives and to identify continuing educational need. The background to the study and the titles of the other papers in the series have been outlined in the first paper. This paper focuses on the methods used to identify the continuing educational needs of midwives, and provides an overview of the findings related to midwives' perceived confidence/competence to practice and their continuing educational needs.
Psychological impacts on pregnancy: from hormones to genes
Authors: Hawkey Mary
Published: July 2014

In a well balanced review of the most recent research into what they term ‘Reproduction and its Psychopathology,’ Williams and Casper (1998) were in no doubt that fluctuations of gonadal steroids premenstrually, during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as in the perimenopausal years, seem to increase the risk of emotional disturbances in certain women. Nonetheless, with the exception of postpartum psychosis, the authors were careful to point out that the peaks and troughs of hormonal activity should not be viewed in isolation from the influence of psychological factors on women's emotional well-being.
Sinister stories
Authors: Robinson Jean
Published: July 2014

Let's take a break from the heavy stuff. We deserve a bit of light relief, you and I, after wading through all those research papers. I am a devotee of detective stories, and always pack a paperback for the train. Lindsey Davis's whodunnits set in Ancient Rome (Arrow Paperback) are my favourites. There is also a promising start from Marga ret Lawrence (Lawrence, 1998) with her new mystery Hearts and Bones, where the feisty heroine is an eighteenth century American midwife.
Evidence based practice — or trial by newspaper?
Authors: Page Lesley
Published: July 2014

On 25 January 1998 the Sunday Times ran the story ‘Report on high risk of home births “shelved”. The article claimed that the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirth and Death in Infancy (CESDI) had found that even in low risk pregnant women the risk of the baby dying at a home birth was 3.5 times higher than in hospital. It appeared the in formation had been leaked to the medical correspondent Lois Rogers, before publication of the results. The article claimed that the Department of Health was suppressing the information.
Working patterns of caseload midwives: a diary analysis
Authors: McCourt Chrisrine
Published: July 2014

This analysis of the work patterns of caseload midwives was based on a four week diary study and formed part of a large scale, multi-disciplinary study of the implementation of One-to-One midwifery practice as a demonstration project within a London NHS Trust. Diary records were used to assess the range of activities involved in their work and the time spent on each. It provides a picture of how a midwife with a caseload of 40 spent an average week, three years from the beginning of this service development. It also provides important evidence on the nature and demands of a caseload based system of availability to women.
The uptake of vitamin K prophylaxis among breastfeeding women
Authors: Jackson Sue
Published: July 2014

A brief overview of the onset and incidence of haemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) is given along with some of the facts relating to vitamin K prophylaxis and an explanation of how HDN became assoiated with breastfed babies. The author argues that the association of HDN with breastfeeding is misguided and as a result explores the effect that this has on the uptake of vitamin K prophylaxis. The results of a local study are provided which demonstrate an unexplained increase in the uptake of vitamin K prophylaxis among breastfeeding women, in comparison to women feeding with formula. In an attempt to determine a rationale for the findings, a number of areas are explored which include the views and experiences of midwives who are expected to take an active role in ensuring women are able to make an informed choice. The outcome of the enquiries provides interesting reading and a possible basis for a more robust research study.
Caring for a woman with autism in early labour
Authors: Taylor Meghann
Published: July 2014

This article is a personal reflection of a student midwife after participating in the care of a women with autism during early labour. The reflection aims to explore and critically discuss the midwifery care needs of a woman with autism, in particular discussing how her care needs may be different from a neurotypical pregnant woman and how this can be facilitated within a hospital setting.
Reducing hospital-acquired pressure damage: an NHS acute trust initiative
Authors: Bedo Joan
Published: July 2014

During 2009, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust reviewed its pressure ulcer prevention strategy; this included patient interventions and equipment provision. Standard hospital mattresses were requiring replacement and dynamics were used frequently, while the overall prevalence of pressure damage remained high. Replacing the standard foam mattress with a non-powered pressure-redistributing system (AtmosAir) was proposed. The rationale for this was that by renewing all standard foam mattresses with the AtmosAir 4000, all patients would have immediate access to a pressure redistributing mattress. Training and education of staff was increased and the Trust redesigned documentation. The outcome of this approach was a significant reduction in hospital-acquired pressure damage.
Removing all barriers: a 10-patient evaluation in the acute care setting
Authors: Bullough Lindsey , Spruce Pam
Published: July 2014

Wound bed preparation is an essential component of care in the management of wounds where healing is delayed. The removal of devitalised tissue quickly and safely may present as a challenge to clinicians. Drawtex Hydroconductive Dressing with LevaFiber Technology was evaluated within an acute hospital on a range of wounds and was shown to effectively prepare the wound bed. The speed and cost of debridement observed in this small group of patients was remarkable and suggests that this dressing can play an essential part in the wound healing process.
Securing funding for school History projects
Authors: Craven Sophie
Published: July 2014

Sophie Craven highlights some of the funding sources available to support and enhance History in and beyond the national curriculum, and outlines how to increase your chances of securing funds.
Pillars of a school fundraising strategy
Authors: Green Ryan , Bannister Nick
Published: July 2014

In his regular column Nick Bannister invites experts to share five pieces of advice. This month, Ryan Green describes the five pillars of sourcing additional funds for your school or academy.
Exploring the correction of nasolabial folds using non-surgical cosmetic interventions
Authors: Collier Helena
Published: July 2014

The nasolabial folds are often referred to as ‘smile lines’. In general, the anatomy of nasolabial folds is highly misunderstood, as is the multifactorial process of change that results in these lines becoming deeper. Despite extensive research, the understanding of ‘smile lines’ remains incomplete. As the prominence of nasolabial folds may be perceived as a sign of ageing to the mid-face, this paper will explore their development and anatomy and provide a brief overview of the non-surgical treatment options available to rejuvenate this facial area. Although complete ablation of this complex anatomical feature would not be a desired outcome, in appropriately selected patients, and with careful consideration to treatment choice, positive and durable results can be achieved (e.g. softening of the lines).
Hair loss websites and research: a hard sell masquerading as support?
Authors: Jankowski Glen
Published: July 2014

In a world where the media disproportionately features men with a full head of hair, the male population is made to feel that hair loss is an isolating ‘illness’ that needs to be cured. In this article, Glen Jankowski highlights the influence of pharmaceutical companies on these issues and draws aesthetic practitioners' attention to the overuse of the word ‘proven’
Characterization and Variation of Essential Oil from Pinus taeda and Antimicrobial Effects against Antibiotic-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Adams Joshua , Gibson Kristen E. , Martin Elizabeth M. , Almeida Giselle , Ricke Steven C. , Frederick Noaa , Carrier D. Julie
Published: July 2014

Essential oils from forestry by-products, such as pine needles, have antimicrobial effects against pathogenic bacteria. Pine needle essential oils inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus, which is the causative agent for numerous human infections, ranging from superficial skin infections to deep abscesses and infections that are more serious. Crude essential oils from pine needles were proposed as a topical antimicrobial agent against both susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus. A Clevenger apparatus was used to extract essential oil from needles from a single clone of young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). By gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, it was determined that the major components of the oil were α-pinene (0.52 to 1.02 mg g−1), β-pinene (0.04 to 0.67 mg g−1), limonene (0.00 to 0.06 mg g−1), terpineol (0.01 to 0.18 mg g−1), and (−)-caryophyllene (0.02 to 0.52 mg g−1), with quantities depending on sampling dates. Results demonstrated that the essential oils had antimicrobial activity against four S. aureus strains.
The Rational Design of Specific Peptide Inhibitor against p38α MAPK at Allosteric-Site: A Therapeutic Modality for HNSCC
Authors: Gill Kamaldeep , Nigam Lokesh , Singh Ratnakar , Kumar Suresh , Subbarao Naidu , Chauhan Shyam Singh , Dey Sharmistha
Published: July 2014

p38α is a significant target for drug designing against cancer. The overproduction of p38α MAPK promotes tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The ATP binding and an allosteric site referred as DFG are the key sites of the p38α mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) exploited for the design of inhibitors. This study demonstrated design of peptide inhibitor on the basis of allosteric site using Glide molecular docking software and the biochemical analysis of the best modeled peptide. The best fitted tetrapeptide (FWCS) in the allosteric site inhibited the pure recombinant and serum p38α of HNSCC patients by 74 and 72%, respectively. The potency of the peptide was demonstrated by its IC50 (4.6 nM) and KD (3.41×10−10 M) values, determined by ELISA and by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, respectively. The cell viability of oral cancer i.e. KB cell line was reduced in dose dependent manner by 60 and 97% by the treatment of peptide and the IC50 was 600 and 210 µM after 24 and 72 h incubation, respectively. Our result provides an insight for the development of a proficient small peptide as a promising anticancer agent targeting DFG site of p38α kinase.
The new curses of tomb space
Authors: Woodard Ben
Published: July 2014

In the 1980s, the United States Department of Energy created The Human Interference Task Force, a group of semioticians, physicists, science-fiction writers and anthropologists tasked with creating an everlasting warning to prevent future beings from unintentionally disturbing nuclear waste repositories. The proposed systems ranged from warning orbital satellites to glowing radioactive cat companions, to setting up an atomic priest hood, to surrounding the site with giant black thorns. These paranoic strategies of radical closure can be further examined in comparison and contradiction to the openness of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory in which massive quantities of pure water are housed in order to detect the passage of weakly interacting neutrinos. This site of inviting invasion is at the same time isolated and buried deep in the earth. These two examples demonstrate that the attempt to combat and the attempt to welcome contingency involve complex and twisted modes of closure and openness as demonstrated by the work of Reza Negarestani. By investigating these models, I hope to investigate how the intimacies of geological formation cross into and disrupt the purported stability of space (both as outer space and abstract space) in relation to chemistry, both inorganic and astrobiological.
Adaptation, underground
Authors: Watts Peter
Published: July 2014

I review the thematically-linked articles presented in the current issue, from the perspective of a naïve outsider with dual citizenship in the disciplines of fiction and biology. The parallels Nic Clear (‘Refreshingly Unconcerned With The Vulgar Exigencies of Veracity and Value Judgement: The Utopian Visions of Iain M Banks’ The Culture and Constant’s New Babylon’) draws between the scenarios of Iain Banks’ ‘Culture’ and Nieuwenhuys’s ‘New Babylon’ may highlight cognitive estrangement as a prerequisite (or perhaps, an inevitable side-effect) of Utopia. Nandita Mellamphy compares the biological ecology central to Frank Herbert’s Dune books with Laruelle’s ‘generic ecology’ in ‘Terra-&-Terror Ecology: Secrets from the Arrakeen Underground’; while I have misgivings about the misappropriation of biological terminology, I do not dispute the central assertion that the only path to success in an ecological context may be through surrender. Felix Robbins’ evolving architectural constructs (‘Unstable grounds: investigating ulterior spaces for practicing’) strongly echo – perhaps inadvertently – the ‘biomorphs’ created by Richard Dawkins to illustrate evolutionary principles. Ben Woodward’s ‘The new curses of tomb space’ – a rumination on subterranean aspects of both scientific exploration and the environmental consequences of nuclear technology along deep timescales – is, of all the papers presented, perhaps the most literally tied to the issue’s theme of ‘Chthonic Deluge’. However, all four works may be more tightly bound by evolutionary metaphors than by subterranean ones.
Truths, lies and telling silences in Gutiérrez Alea’s The Last Supper and Pontecorvo’s Burn!
Authors: Miller Marilyn G.
Published: July 2014

This article explores the special challenges inherent in filmic depictions of New World slavery, and examines how directors Tomás Gutiérrez Alea and Gillo Pontecorvo address these obstacles respectively. Through explicit and implicit recourse to narrative and factual falsehoods, The Last Supper and Burn! both attempt to correct the partial text of history by situating their enslaved characters at the centre of the action and providing them a space in which to express resistance through voice, gesture and determined silence. While each author works from an anti-colonialist, anti-imperialist political stance characteristic of revolutionary film-making in the 1960s and 1970s, significant differences in production environments and directorial decisions regarding the historical record affected each film’s ability to convey the ‘truth’ of Caribbean slavery. Despite the relative successes and failures of each film, I argue that both remain useful tools for fleshing out a textual history in which the enslaved are rarely portrayed as the principal actors of historical events.
Retratos ‘impertinentes’: Homosexualidad, transexualidad y travestismo en el cine español de la Transición
Authors: Esteve Laia Quílez
Published: July 2014

Many Spanish film-makers who began their careers in the years immediately following the death of Franco felt the urgency to recover through their works all the freedoms that the repression and censorship of the forty years of the Franco regime had disrupted in such violent and radical ways. This was a moment of transition, in which some films emerged that finally dared to question the prevailing public opinion and proposed approaches to reality and national history that were decidedly unorthodox and polemical. Among this group of films, which included both documentary and fictional works, a number approached the hitherto interdicted themes of homosexuality, transsexuality and transvestism.

This article proposes to investigate how and why titles such as Cambio de sexo/Change of Sex (Aranda, 1976), El transexual/The Transsexual (Jara, 1977), Ocaña, retrat intermitent/Ocaña, an Intermittent Portrait (Pons, 1978) and Un hombre llamado Flor de Otoño/A Man Called Autumn Flower (Olea, 1978) came to stand as sites of transgression – that is, as ‘impertinent’ portraits – in a libertarian Spain. The eagerness of this transitional generation to make films based on previously prohibited themes was inevitably bound to face resistance from various quarters.
Film-poetry/poetry-film in Latin America. Theories and practices: An introduction
Authors: Bollig Ben , Wood David M. J.
Published: July 2014

This special issue of Studies in Spanish & Latin American Cinemas is dedicated to the seldom-studied relationship between poetry and cinema in Latin America. Although studies both of the ‘poetics of cinema’ and of literary adaptation in cinema have become established areas of film scholarship in recent years, the diverse modes of formal, aesthetic and ideological exchange between the poetic and the cinematic have received little critical attention. The authors included in this issue analyze the work of film-makers from the 1960s to the present day who have included poetry in their film narratives or aimed to recreate the aesthetics of poets cinematically. We ask, in the broadest terms, how film and poetry transform one another, and how these two expressive media behave when placed into dialogue. We hope that the lines of enquiry that these articles open up will reinvigorate the discussion by shedding light on the cross-fertilization between written and filmed poetry, and by extending the scope of the traditionally prose-oriented debate on adaptation.