bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corruption: Classification and analysis
Authors: Graycar Adam
Published: May 2015

Corruption demoralises government and weakens the whole endeavour of policy formulation and its implementation. It diminishes services and causes fiscal stress, but most of all it undermines trust and corrodes legitimate community expectations. Corruption takes many forms and is found in many contexts. This paper develops a framework for the analysis of corruption which identifies types, activities, sectors and places (TASP). With the TASP framework identified or suspected corruption in any setting can be analysed as a precursor to the controls and processes that are most appropriate for the control and modification of corrupt behaviour, which ideally can enhance public sector performance. The TASP framework assists in pinpointing the nature, location and context of public sector corruption, and illustrates more precisely where the risks of corrupt activity might arise. This paper demonstrates, with empirical work from New York City and the State of Victoria in Australia (Australia's second most populous state), that more precise classification and characterisation of the nature and types of corrupt activity is an essential precondition to the development and design of targeted anti-corruption measures.
Fracture strength of ultrathin occlusal veneer restorations made from CAD/CAM composite or hybrid ceramic materials
Authors: Egbert Jonathon S. , Johnson Andrew C. , Tantbirojn Daranee , Versluis Antheunis
Published: May 2015

Purpose: This study compared the fracture strengths and failure modes of ultrathin (0.3‐mm) occlusal composite or hybrid ceramic veneers.

Methods: Sixty extracted maxillary molars were sectioned to remove the entire coronal structure 4 mm occlusal to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), leaving a flat area of exposed dentin and peripheral enamel. Standardized occlusal veneers with a central fossa thickness of 0.3 mm were milled from a computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) composite (Paradigm MZ100), a resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate), and a hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic) (N = 20). Each occlusal veneer was cemented with a self‐adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem) on the prepared teeth. The restored teeth were loaded vertically to determine the fracture strength. Strength values were statistically analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe’s post hoc test (significance level 0.05). The mode of failure of each specimen was classified and the correlation between fracture strength and failure mode was analyzed using Spearman’s rank‐order test.

Results: The fracture strengths (mean ± standard deviation) were 2416 ± 640, 1752 ± 676, and 1777 ± 697 N for Lava Ultimate, Paradigm MZ100, and Vita Enamic, respectively. Lava Ultimate had significantly higher fracture strength than the other two materials (p < 0.05); the fracture strengths of Paradigm MZ100 and Vita Enamic were not significantly different. No correlation between fracture strengths and failure modes was found within each material. Most specimens (48 out of 60) fractured in the restoration without involving tooth structures.

Conclusions: The fracture strength of ultrathin occlusal veneers made from the novel ceramic hybrid matched the strength of CAD/CAM composite. The highest strength was found with the resin nanoceramic material.
Criminal Justice Policy Transfer and Prison Counter-Radicalization: Examining Canadian Participation in the Roma-Lyon Group
Authors: Monaghan Jeffrey
Published: May 2015

Threats of radicalization have become dominant tropes for Western security agencies. This article examines efforts to address radicalization in the penal setting. Examining the prison counter-radicalization project directed by the secretive G8 Roma-Lyon Group, the article details Canadian participation on the basis of wanting to acquire counter-radicalization best practices from abroad. Contributing to criminal justice policy transfer studies, the article highlights disjunctures between reforms programs driven by powerful actors and particular contexts where these prescribed policy reforms take shape. Characterizing the Roma-Lyon Group as a venue for norm-makers such as the United States and the United Kingdom, and Canada as a norm-taker, the article traces the transfer of counter-radicalization practices from the transnational to the national level. Underlining how the replication of counter-radicalization policies fits into trends of precautionary risk and governing through insecurity, the article concludes by highlighting what the transfer of prisoner radicalization policy means for future socio-legal research.
Seasonal patterns in the reproductive activity of the red whelk, Neptunea antiqua (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) in the Irish Sea
Authors: Power A.J. , Keegan B.F.
Published: May 2015

The red whelk, Neptunea antiqua (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) is a dioecious prosobranch species with internal fertilization, and lecithotrophic larval development. Sexual dimorphism, sexual ratio, the size and age at sexual maturity, and the annual breeding and hatching periods of this subtidal neogastropod were investigated in the central western Irish Sea. Sexual dimorphism was evident as female whelks were larger in both length and weight. Subtle differences in shell morphology were also detected between the sexes. All samples taken together indicated an equal male to female sexual ratio for the studied population. Size and age at sexual maturity were noted to differ between sexes, occurring at 75–90 mm (shell length), or four to five years in males, and 95–110 mm, or six to nine years in females. Quantitative and qualitative techniques identified an annual spawning period between late spring and early summer. Egg masses containing between 14 and 84 egg capsules were observed attached to the dorsal surface of whelk shells in the succeeding months. An average fecundity of 63·78 juveniles was estimated per egg mass deposited. Juveniles were observed to hatch after 6–7 months in laboratory maintained aquaria, indicating a hatching period from October to January in the Irish Sea.
The biology of the ommastrephid squid, Todarodes sagittatus, in the north-east Atlantic
Authors: Lordan Colm , Collins Martin A. , Key Linda N. , Browne Eoin D.
Published: May 2015

Todarodes sagittatus (N=1131) were opportunistically sampled from commercial and research trawling in Irish and Scottish waters between 1993 and 1998. The results suggest that the species is common in deep waters (>200 m) to the west of Ireland and Scotland, particularly in late summer and autumn. The size of squid caught was related to depth, with larger squid caught deeper, and is indicative of an ontogenetic, bathymetric migration. Females were more common (sex ratio 1·00:0·46), and attained a larger maximum size (520 mm mantle length (ML)) than males (426 mm ML). Mature females (360–520 mm ML) were caught in deep water (>500 m), between March and November, with a large catch of mature females taken off the west coast of Ireland in August 1996. Mature males (300–426 mm) were found from August to November. Potential fecundity was estimated to range from 205,000–523,500 eggs female−1. Putative daily increments in statoliths indicated a life cycle of slightly over a year, with rapid growth of approximately 1·8 mm d−1 during subadult and adult life. Fish were the most important prey of T. sagittatus and 17 fish prey taxa were identified, of which pelagic species were the most important.
Cleaning behaviour in the teleost, Symphodus melanocercus: females are more specialized than males
Authors: Arnal C. , Morand S.
Published: May 2015

In the Mediterranean Sea, the most conspicuous cleaner fish is the wrasse, Symphodus melanocercus, a specialized cleaner wrasse. In this fish species, energetic investments in reproduction are different for males and females. Female S. melanocercus were found to be more active in cleaning and ingested significantly more gnathiid isopod larvae than males. Male cleaners foraged more on benthic animals and showed a strong preference for clients according to their mucus characteristics. Results indicate that female S. melanocercus are more likely to be specialized, in terms of cleaning behaviour, than males. We suggest that females are more honest than males and that they play an important role in preserving the good reputation of S. melanocercus as a cleaner fish.
Diet of the spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (Decapoda: Palinuridea) from the Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve (north-western Mediterranean)
Authors: Goñi Raquel , Quetglas Antoni , Reñones Olga
Published: May 2015

Stomach contents of 382 Palinurus elephas collected in the Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve (north-western Mediterranean) were examined to study the diet and to assess ontogenetic and sex related differences in feeding regime. Molluscs, crustaceans, and sea urchins were the most common prey. Diet composition varied with lobster size but not with sex. Ontogenetic changes in diet were reflected in the progressive reduction of the contribution of gastropods and crustaceans and in the increased importance of other prey such as fish.
The effect of digenean (Platyhelminthes) infections on heavy metal concentrations in Littorina littorea
Authors: Evans D.W. , Irwin S.W.B. , Fitzpatrick S.
Published: May 2015

This study examined the inter-relationships between molluscs, heavy metal concentrations and trematode parasites. Littorina littorea (Mollusca: Gastropoda) were sampled seasonally from two sites in a tidal lagoon. Site A was close to the inflow of a polluted stream whilst site B was at the opposite end of the lagoon. The samples were analysed for lead, iron, copper and nickel. Metal concentrations in L. littorea varied with site, season and parasite infection, and exceeded comparative non-polluted concentrations for all metals in some samples. Parasitized periwinkles consistently had significantly lower levels of iron, copper and nickel than uninfected periwinkles.
First records of Taningia danae (Cephalopoda: Octopoteuthidae) in Galician waters (north-west Spain) and in Scottish waters (UK)
Authors: Santos M.B. , Pierce G.J. , González A.F. , Santos F. , Vázquez M.A. , Santos M.A. , Collins M.A.
Published: May 2015

Biological data are presented on two specimens of Taningia danae, an adult female caught by a trawler in Galician waters (north-west Spain) and a juvenile caught in a deep-water research trawl in Scottish waters (UK). The species has not previously been recorded in either area, although its presence has been inferred from beaks found in sperm whale stomach contents.
Rereading “Decadent” Palestinian Hebrew Literature: The Intersection of Zionism, Masculinity, and Sexuality in Aharon Reuveni's ‘Ad Yerushalayim
Authors: Hollander Philip
Published: May 2015

This article asserts that politics motivated Aharon Reuveni to employ representations of psychic fragmentation and dysfunctional social institutions to portray Palestinian Jewish life in his novelistic trilogy‘Ad Yerushalayim. These purportedly decadent representations helped him foreground individual and collective flaws he saw limiting the early twentieth-century Palestinian Jewish community's development and promote norms he saw as conducive to growth. Thus, as examination of the trilogy's central male figures demonstrates, Reuveni advances a Zionist masculinity grounded in introspectiveness and ongoing commitment to the achievement of communally shared goals. To further support this Zionist masculine form, the trilogy categorizes men who pursue homosocial ties with others who don't maintain this masculinity as homosexuals. Thus gender and sexuality are used to coerce male readers into adopting specific behavioral norms. This attention to gender and sexuality's role in early twentieth-century Palestinian Hebrew fiction offers a way to grasp its long-overlooked political character.
“You Have Saved Me from the Judgment of Gehenna”: The Origins of the Mourner's Kaddish in Medieval Ashkenaz
Authors: Shyovitz David I.
Published: May 2015

This article traces the origins and rapid spread of the Mourner's Kaddish, a liturgical custom first attested in late twelfth- early thirteenth-century Ashkenazic halakhic texts. While scholars have traditionally linked it to the martyrological needs of post-1096 Ashkenazic communities, this article suggests that the rise of the Mourner's Kaddish was one manifestation of a broader shift in medieval Jewish conceptions of the afterlife. An analysis of the exemplum that provided the new custom with a “myth of origins” reveals carefully inserted allusions and symbolism, which together propound a coherent theology of eschatology, divine recompense, and intercessory prayer. This theology closely mirrors doctrinal developments underway in Christian Europe—specifically the “birth of purgatory” and its accompanying commemorative and intercessory practices. The exemplum, moreover, couches its message in subtly polemical terms, criticizing and ridiculing those very elements of Christian belief and practice that were being covertly incorporated into the Jewish liturgical realm.
Rites of Passage and Other Rituals in the Life Histories of Objects
Authors: Fogelin Lars , Schiffer Michael Brian
Published: May 2015

In the last few decades, archaeologists have increasingly studied the material expression of religion. At the same time, they have recognized that some objects are animate in ways similar to people. Building on previous research that combines studies of religion, object agency and behavioural perspectives, we present an approach that focuses on the variety of rituals, especially rites of passage, in which objects participate over the course of their life histories. Occurring in societies at all levels of organizational complexity, rites of passage offer archaeologists an opportunity to contribute to the anthropology of ritual and an understanding of the ways that some objects take on, or are given, attributes of life. More subtly, by comparing the rites of passage of objects and the people who interact with them, we can assess differences in the specific qualities of object and human agency. These approaches may help us to orient the search for archaeological evidence of rites of passage as well as to interpret enigmatic deposits such as caches, hoards and offerings.
Property in a shrinking planet: fault lines in international human rights and investment law
Authors: Cotula Lorenzo
Published: May 2015

Long at the margins of international law, property is now among the key challenges facing international law- and decision-makers. A ‘shrinking’ planet and a polycentric international law regime provide the backdrop for contestation between different property concepts and claims. While presenting important commonalities in legal concepts and normative content, international investment law and international human rights law protect different and possibly competing rights, reflect different balances of commercial and non-commercial considerations, and embody different standards of legal protection. As the frontiers of natural resource extraction expand, natural resource investments can bring different property concepts and claims directly into tension. In this context, the articulation between investment law and human rights law influences the ways in which international law mediates competition for the world's natural resources, redefining the balance between public and private interests and reshaping spaces for the lawful exercise of state sovereignty.
New Insights into the Formation of Old Norwegian Mountains
Authors: Palus Shannon
Published: May 2015

Researchers look to minerals in rocks from Norway's Western Gneiss Region to determine when the mountain-making period came to a close in the region.
Supramolecular block copolymers by kinetically controlled co-self-assembly of planar and core-twisted perylene bisimides
Authors: Görl Daniel , Zhang Xin , Stepanenko Vladimir , Würthner Frank
Published: May 2015

New synthetic methodologies for the formation of block copolymers have revolutionized polymer science within the last two decades. However, the formation of supramolecular block copolymers composed of alternating sequences of larger block segments has not been realized yet. Here we show by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 2D NMR and optical spectroscopy that two different perylene bisimide dyes bearing either a flat (A) or a twisted (B) core self-assemble in water into supramolecular block copolymers with an alternating sequence of (AmBB)n. The highly defined ultralong nanowire structure of these supramolecular copolymers is entirely different from those formed upon self-assembly of the individual counterparts, that is, stiff nanorods (A) and irregular nanoworms (B), respectively. Our studies further reveal that the as-formed supramolecular block copolymer constitutes a kinetic self-assembly product that transforms into thermodynamically more stable self-sorted homopolymers upon heating.
Conformational rearrangements in the transmembrane domain of CNGA1 channels revealed by single-molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Maity Sourav , Mazzolini Monica , Arcangeletti Manuel , Valbuena Alejandro , Fabris Paolo , Lazzarino Marco , Torre Vincent
Published: May 2015

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are activated by binding of cyclic nucleotides. Although structural studies have identified the channel pore and selectivity filter, conformation changes associated with gating remain poorly understood. Here we combine single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) with mutagenesis, bioinformatics and electrophysiology to study conformational changes associated with gating. By expressing functional channels with SMFS fingerprints in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we were able to investigate gating of CNGA1 in a physiological-like membrane. Force spectra determined that the S4 transmembrane domain is mechanically coupled to S5 in the open state, but S3 in the closed state. We also show there are multiple pathways for the unfolding of the transmembrane domains, probably caused by a different degree of α-helix folding. This approach demonstrates that CNG transmembrane domains have dynamic structure and establishes SMFS as a tool for probing conformational change in ion channels.
Activity of Novel Synthetic Peptides against Candida albicans
Authors: Lum Kah Yean , Tay Sun Tee , Le Cheng Foh , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Sabri Nadia Hanim , Velayuthan Rukumani Devi , Hassan Hamimah , Sekaran Shamala Devi
Published: May 2015

Candidaspp. are the most common causes of fungal infections worldwide. Among theCandidaspecies,Candida albicansremains the predominant species that causes invasive candidiasis in most countries. In this study, we used two peptides, KABT-AMP and uperin 3.6 as templates to develop novel antifungal peptides. Their anticandidal activity was assessed using a combination of MIC, time-killing assay and biofilm reduction assay. Hybrid peptides, KU2 and KU3 containing a mixed backbone of KABT-AMP and Uperin 3.6 demonstrated the most potent anticandidal activity with MIC values ranging from 8–16 mg/L. The number of Trp residues and the amphipathic structure of peptides probably enhanced the anticandidal activity of peptides. Increasing the cationicity of the uperin 3.6 analogues resulted in reduced MIC from the range of 64–128 mg/L to 16–64 mg/L and this was also correlated with the antibiofilm activity and killing kinetics of the peptides. Peptides showed synergistic effects when used in combination with conventional antifungals. Peptides demonstrated low haemolytic activity but significant toxicity on two normal human epithelial cell lines. This study provides us with a better understanding on the structure-activity relationship and the balance between cationicity and hydrophobicity of the peptides although the therapeutic application of the peptides is limited.
Dot1 histone methyltransferases share a distributive mechanism but have highly diverged catalytic properties
Authors: Stulemeijer Iris J. E. , De Vos Dirk , van Harten Kirsten , Joshi Onkar K. , Blomberg Olga , van Welsem Tibor , Terweij Marit , Vlaming Hanneke , de Graaf Erik L. , Altelaar A. F. Maarten , Bakker Barbara M. , van Leeuwen Fred
Published: May 2015

The conserved histone methyltransferase Dot1 establishes an H3K79 methylation pattern consisting of mono-, di- and trimethylation states on histone H3 via a distributive mechanism. This mechanism has been shown to be important for the regulation of the different H3K79 methylation states in yeast. Dot1 enzymes in yeast, Trypanosoma brucei (TbDot1A and TbDot1B, which methylate H3K76) and human (hDot1L) generate very divergent methylation patterns. To understand how these species-specific methylation patterns are generated, the methylation output of the Dot1 enzymes was compared by expressing them in yeast at various expression levels. Computational simulations based on these data showed that the Dot1 enzymes have highly distinct catalytic properties, but share a distributive mechanism. The mechanism of methylation and the distinct rate constants have implications for the regulation of H3K79/K76 methylation. A mathematical model of H3K76 methylation during the trypanosome cell cycle suggests that temporally-regulated consecutive action of TbDot1A and TbDot1B is required for the observed regulation of H3K76 methylation states.
Quantum controlled-phase-flip gate between a flying optical photon and a Rydberg atomic ensemble
Authors: Hao Y. M. , Lin G. W. , Xia Keyu , Lin X. M. , Niu Y. P. , Gong S. Q.
Published: May 2015

Quantum controlled-phase-flip (CPF) gate between a flying photon qubit and a stationary atomic qubit could allow the linking of distant computational nodes in a quantum network. Here we present a scheme to realize quantum CPF gate between a flying optical photon and an atomic ensemble based on cavity input-output process and Rydberg blockade. When a flying single-photon pulse is reflected off the cavity containing a Rydberg atomic ensemble, the dark resonance and Rydberg blockade induce a conditional phase shift "Equation missing" for the photon pulse, thus we can achieve the CPF gate between the photon and the atomic ensemble. Assisted by Rydberg blockade interaction, our scheme works in the N-atoms strong-coupling regime and significantly relaxes the requirement of strong coupling of single atom to photon in the optical cavity.
Low-cost photodynamic therapy devices for global health settings: Characterization of battery-powered LED performance and smartphone imaging in 3D tumor models
Authors: Hempstead Joshua , Jones Dustin P. , Ziouche Abdelali , Cramer Gwendolyn M. , Rizvi Imran , Arnason Stephen , Hasan Tayyaba , Celli Jonathan P.
Published: May 2015

A lack of access to effective cancer therapeutics in resource-limited settings is implicated in global cancer health disparities between developed and developing countries. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light-based treatment modality that has exhibited safety and efficacy in the clinic using wavelengths and irradiances achievable with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operated on battery power. Here we assess low-cost enabling technology to extend the clinical benefit of PDT to regions with little or no access to electricity or medical infrastructure. We demonstrate the efficacy of a device based on a 635 nm high-output LED powered by three AA disposable alkaline batteries, to achieve strong cytotoxic response in monolayer and 3D cultures of A431 squamous carcinoma cells following photosensitization by administering aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to induce the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Here we characterize challenges of battery-operated device performance, including battery drain and voltage stability specifically over relevant PDT dose parameters. Further motivated by the well-established capacity of PDT photosensitizers to serve as tumour-selective fluorescence contrast agents, we demonstrate the capability of a consumer smartphone with low-cost add-ons to measure concentration-dependent PpIX fluorescence. This study lays the groundwork for the on-going development of image-guided ALA-PDT treatment technologies for global health applications.
Deterministic control of broadband light through a multiply scattering medium via the multispectral transmission matrix
Authors: Andreoli Daria , Volpe Giorgio , Popoff Sébastien , Katz Ori , Grésillon Samuel , Gigan Sylvain
Published: May 2015

We present a method to measure the spectrally-resolved transmission matrix of a multiply scattering medium, thus allowing for the deterministic spatiospectral control of a broadband light source by means of wavefront shaping. As a demonstration, we show how the medium can be used to selectively focus one or many spectral components of a femtosecond pulse and how it can be turned into a controllable dispersive optical element to spatially separate different spectral components to arbitrary positions.
Local-to-remote cortical connectivity in early- and adulthood-onset schizophrenia
Authors: Jiang L , Xu Y , Zhu X-T , Yang Z , Li H-J , Zuo X-N
Published: May 2015

Schizophrenia is increasingly thought of as a brain network or connectome disorder and is associated with neurodevelopmental processes. Previous studies have suggested the important role of anatomical distance in developing a connectome with optimized performance regarding both the cost and efficiency of information processing. Distance-related disturbances during development have not been investigated in schizophrenia. To test the distance-related miswiring profiles of connectomes in schizophrenia, we acquired resting-state images from 20 adulthood-onset (AOS) and 26 early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients, as well as age-matched healthy controls. All patients were drug naive and had experienced their first psychotic episode. A novel threshold-free surface-based analytic framework was developed to examine local-to-remote functional connectivity profiles in both AOS and EOS patients. We observed consistent increases of local connectivity across both EOS and AOS patients in the right superior frontal gyrus, where the connectivity strength was correlated with a positive syndrome score in AOS patients. In contrast, EOS but not AOS patients exhibited reduced local connectivity within the right postcentral gyrus and the left middle occipital cortex. These regions’ remote connectivity with their interhemispheric areas and brain network hubs was altered. Diagnosis–age interactions were detectable for both local and remote connectivity profiles. The functional covariance between local and remote homotopic connectivity was present in typically developing controls, but was absent in EOS patients. These findings suggest that a distance-dependent miswiring pattern may be one of the key neurodevelopmental features of the abnormal connectome organization in schizophrenia.
Facile one-pot synthesis of different surfactant-functionalized water-soluble Fe3O4nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for melanoma tumors
Authors: Wu Longyun , Yang ChunYan , Lv Zhongwen , Cui FengWen , Zhao Lijun , Yang Ping
Published: May 2015

A facile and efficient one-pot solvothermal strategy is described to synthesize Fe3O4nanoparticles (NPs) modified with sodium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone andl-asparagine forin vivomagnetic resonance (MR) imaging of melanoma cells.
Nanopore analysis of amyloid fibrils formed by lysozyme aggregation
Authors: Martyushenko Nikolay , Bell Nicholas A. W. , Lamboll Robin D. , Keyser Ulrich F.
Published: May 2015

Lysozyme fibrils translocate uncoated glass nanopores at low pH without significant non-specific sticking enabling unprecedented statistics on thousands of fibril translocations and comparison with a simple bulk conductivity model.
Synthesis of polyaniline-magnetite hollow nanocomposite as a novel fiber coating for the headspace solid-phase microextraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes from water samples
Authors: Foroutani Reza , Yousefi Vahid , Kangari Sahar
Published: May 2015

In this study, the polyaniline–magnetite (PA@Fe3O4) hollow nanocomposite was synthesized by a chemical polymerization technique, and magnetite nanoparticles were deposited on the polyaniline hollow shell.
Electron capture dissociation of extremely supercharged protein ions formed by electrospray ionisation
Authors: Zenaidee Muhammad A. , Donald William A.
Published: May 2015

Extreme supercharging of proteins yields significant performance gains for the direct characterization of protein sequences by electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry.
Reversible two-photon fluorescent probe for imaging of hypochlorous acid in live cells and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Wei , Li Ping , kang Junqing , Wang Jiaoyang , Wang Hui , Tang Bo
Published: May 2015

A novel reversible two-photon fluorescent probe was developed, which was well suited for the selective and instantaneous monitoring of HOCl levels, and it was successfully applied for the imaging of HOCl levels in cells andin vivo.
An emissive and pH switchable hydrazone-based hydrogel
Authors: Qian Hai , Aprahamian Ivan
Published: May 2015

The pH sensitivity of an emissive hydrazone-based gel can be used in monitoring the biogenic amines emanating from spoiled cod.
Cationic dinuclear platinum and palladium complexes with bridging hydrogermylene and hydrido ligands
Authors: Nakata Norio , Sekizawa Noriko , Ishii Akihiko
Published: May 2015

New cationic (μ-hydrido)(μ-germyl) diplatinum and dipalladium complexes, [{M(dcpe)}2(μ-H)(μ-GeHTrip)]+ (M = Pt, Pd), were prepared by hydride-abstraction reactions of [MH(GeH2Trip)(dcpe)] with B(C6F5)3.
Twofold polyketide branching by a stereoselective enzymatic Michael addition
Authors: Heine Daniel , Sundaram Srividhya , Bretschneider Tom , Hertweck Christian
Published: May 2015

Branches and twigs: the versatility of the branching module of the rhizoxin polyketide synthase was tested in an in vitro enzyme assay with (di)methylmalonyl-CoA extender units. Its ability to stereoselectively introduce two branches in one step by vinylogous addition expands the scope of previously studied PKS systems.
Axis-dependent magnetic behavior of C60and C6010+. consequences of spherical aromatic character
Authors: Muñoz-Castro A.
Published: May 2015

The magnetic responses of C60and C6010+reveal a characteristic magnetic response pattern of the spherical aromatic behavior.
A first-principles study on the magnetic properties of nonmetal atom doped phosphorene monolayers
Authors: Zheng Huiling , Zhang Jianmin , Yang Baishun , Du Xiaobo , Yan Yu
Published: May 2015

Substitutional doping of C, O, Si, S and Se atoms can induce the magnetic moment in phosphorene monolayers.
Direct measurement of DNA-mediated adhesion between lipid bilayers
Authors: Shimobayashi S. F. , Mognetti B. M. , Parolini L. , Orsi D. , Cicuta P. , Di Michele L.
Published: May 2015

Multivalent interactions between deformable mesoscopic units are ubiquitous in biology, where membrane macromolecules mediate the interactions between neighbouring living cells and between cells and solid substrates.
Effect of sodium salicylate and sodium deoxycholate on fibrillation of bovine serum albumin: comparison of fluorescence, SANS and DLS techniques
Authors: Dey J. , Kumar S. , Aswal V. K. , Panicker L. V. , Ismail K. , Hassan P. A.
Published: May 2015

Adsorbed sodium salicylate (NaSal) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) retard the thermal denaturation of bovine serum albumin.
Photocatalytic decomposition of graphene over a ZnO surface under UV irradiation
Authors: Mun Dae-Hwa , Lee Hyun Jung , Bae Sukang , Kim Tea-Wook , Lee Sang Hyun
Published: May 2015

Selective oxidation and decomposition of grapheneviaphotocatalytic reactions on a zinc oxide surface under UV irradiation.
Tailoring of optical properties of fluorescein using green synthesized gold nanoparticles
Authors: John Jisha , Thomas Lincy , George Nibu A. , Kurian Achamma , George Sajan D.
Published: May 2015

The anisotropy in plasmonic field makes star shaped particles as an optical ruler that can probe larger distances as compared to spherical gold nanoparticles, for which dipoles are parallel to the surface act as more efficient quencher for fluorescein dye.
Supported catalysts based on layered double hydroxides for catalytic oxidation and hydrogenation: general functionality and promising application prospects
Authors: Feng Junting , He Yufei , Liu Yanan , Du Yiyun , Li Dianqing
Published: May 2015

This review focuses on the recent progress in supported catalysts based on LDH for use in catalytic hydrogenation and oxidation.
A novel cobalt sodium phosphate hydroxide with the ellenbergerite topology: crystal structure and physical properties
Authors: Yakubovich Olga V. , Kiriukhina Galina V. , Dimitrova Olga V. , Shvanskaya Larisa V. , Volkova Olga S. , Vasiliev Alexander N.
Published: May 2015

The novel phosphate hydroxide Na2−xCo6(OH)3[HPO4][Hx/3PO4]3with the mineral ellenbergerite topology and alkaline cations in the framework channels shows strong antiferromagnetic interaction and magnetic transition atTN= 44 K.
A miniaturized readout strategy for endogenous histone deacetylase activity
Authors: Jost Jan Oliver , Hanswillemenke Alfred , Schwarzer Dirk
Published: May 2015

Histone deacetylases are important drug targets, which are difficult to characterize due to their poor accessibility.
1,2,3-Triazole derivatives as antitubercular agents: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study
Authors: Shaikh Mubarak H. , Subhedar Dnyaneshwar D. , Nawale Laxman , Sarkar Dhiman , Kalam Khan Firoz A. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Shingate Bapurao B.
Published: May 2015

A library of thirty one 1,2,3-triazole derivatives efficiently preparedviaclick chemistry and evaluated for their antitubercular, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities.
Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl into long-chain alkanes using Ag nanoparticle decorated flower-like ZnO microspheres
Authors: Deng Quan , Tang Haibin , Liu Gang , Song Xiaoping , Kang Shenhong , Wang Huimin , Ng Dickon H. L. , Wang Guozhong
Published: May 2015

Highly toxic 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl is completely degraded into long-chain alkanes via the ring-opening reactions and a new photocatalytic degradation pathway.
Studies on the biodegradation of two different azo dyes in bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: Khan Mohammad Zain , Singh Satyendra , Sultana Saima , Sreekrishnan Trichur Ramaswamy , Ahammad Shaaikh Ziauddin
Published: May 2015

The relative abundance of the microbial communities was estimated and linked with the type of substrate in the MFC.
Ferrite-supported glutathione: an efficient, green nano-organocatalyst for the synthesis of pyran derivatives
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Jamatia Ramen , Pal Amarta Kumar
Published: May 2015

A magnetically retrievable ferrite-supported glutathione nano-organocatalyst was prepared, characterized and applied for the efficient and environmentally benign synthesis of pyran derivatives.
Carbon nanofibers decorated with magnetic nanoparticles as a new sorbent for the magnetic solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples
Authors: Sarafraz-Yazdi Ali , Rokhian Talat , Amiri Amirhassan , Ghaemi Ferial
Published: May 2015

The proposed method offers advantages such as wide linearity, satisfactory relative recovery, good sensitivity and precision and short analysis time.
Isolable arene sandwiched copper(i) pyrazolates
Authors: Jayaratna Naleen B. , Hettiarachchi Champika V. , Yousufuddin Muhammed , Rasika Dias H. V.
Published: May 2015

The π-acidic, trinuclear, copper(i) pyrazolate {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3 reacts with simple π-basic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds forming sandwich complexes of various types.
Current complexity: a tool for assessing the complexity of organic molecules
Authors: Li Jun , Eastgate Martin D.
Published: May 2015

A new complexity index is described, leveraging crowd-sourced knowledge to assess a molecules complexity in the context of current technology.
Influence of hydrophobic residues on the binding of CB[7] toward diammonium ions of common ammonium⋯ammonium distance
Authors: Cao Liping , Škalamera Đani , Zavalij Peter Y. , Hostaš Jiří , Hobza Pavel , Mlinarić-Majerski Kata , Glaser Robert , Isaacs Lyle
Published: May 2015

We report that diammonium ion guests with common N+⋯N+ spacings but different core hydrophobic moieties exhibit remarkably different affinities toward CB[7].
Organocatalytic asymmetric intramolecular aza-Henry reaction: facile synthesis of trans-2,3-disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Maity Rajendra , Pan Subhas Chandra
Published: May 2015

An enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2-aryl-3-nitro-tetrahydroquinolines has been developed via an intramolecular aza-Henry reaction using tertiary amine thiourea as a catalyst.
Facile fabrication of NiS and a reduced graphene oxide hybrid film for nonenzymatic detection of glucose
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sivaprakasam , Kim Sang Jae
Published: May 2015

In the present study, nickel sulfide (NiS) decorated reduced graphene oxide was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal approach.
Adsorption behavior of Cr(vi) from aqueous solution onto magnetic graphene oxide functionalized with 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetic acid
Authors: Guo Fang-ying , Liu Yun-guo , Wang Hui , Zeng Guang-ming , Hu Xin-jiang , Zheng Bo-hong , Li Ting-ting , Tan Xiao-fei , Wang Shu-fan , Zhang Ming-ming
Published: May 2015

A novel magnetic composite adsorbent was synthesized by grafting 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetic acid to magnetic graphene oxide (DCTA/E/MGO).
High loading of doxorubicin into styrene-terminated porous silicon nanoparticles via π-stacking for cancer treatments in vitro
Authors: Xia Bing , Wang Bin , Zhang Wenyi , Shi Jisen
Published: May 2015

Styrene-terminated PSiNPs were fabricated for high loading of doxorubicin via π-stacking, which exhibited an excellent capability for killing cancer cells.
Targeted killing of metastatic cells using a platelet-inspired drug delivery system
Authors: Pan Victor , Siva Preethi N. , Modery-Pawlowski Christa L. , Singh Sekhon Ujjal Didar , Gupta Anirban Sen
Published: May 2015

Pro-metastatic tumor cells in circulation interact with active platelets that mediate various mechanisms of hematologic metastasis. Elucidating and utilizing these interactions on delivery vehicles can provide unique ways of metastasis-targeted drug delivery.
On demand delivery of ionic drugs from electro-responsive CNT hybrid films
Authors: Curcio M. , Spizzirri U. G. , Cirillo G. , Vittorio O. , Picci N. , Nicoletta F. P. , Iemma F. , Hampel S.
Published: May 2015

Electro responsive hybrid hydrogel films able to precisely modulate the release of drugs as a function of their net charge.
A ratiometric nanosensor based on fluorescent carbon dots for label-free and highly selective recognition of DNA
Authors: Huang Shan , Wang Lumin , Zhu Fawei , Su Wei , Sheng Jiarong , Huang Chusheng , Xiao Qi
Published: May 2015

A ratiometric nanosensor based on fluorescent carbon dots for label-free and highly selective recognition of DNA.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy/three-dimensional carbon hybrid filler composites for effective heat dissipation
Authors: Park Ji Sun , An You Jin , Shin Kwonwoo , Han Jong Hun , Lee Churl Seung
Published: May 2015

A three-dimensional carbon-based heat-dissipating material was designed to improve the thermal conductivity of polymer composites in both the xy- and z-directions.
Underwater superoleophobic meshes fabricated by poly(sulfobetaine)/polydopamine co-deposition
Authors: Ren Peng-Fei , Yang Hao-Cheng , Jin Yi-Ning , Liang Hong-Qing , Wan Ling-Shu , Xu Zhi-Kang
Published: May 2015

An underwater superoleophobic mesh has been fabricated via co-deposition of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) and polydopamine for oil/water separation.
A water-soluble oil-displacing agent with tracer properties for enhancing oil recovery
Authors: Yan Liwei , Yin Ting , Yu Wenkun , Shen Linghong , Lv Mingqian , Ye Zhongbin
Published: May 2015

A water-soluble fluorescent oil-displacing agent was prepared via copolymerization of acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and coumarin derivatives (CO) for enhancing oil recovery.
Pt NPs@GO as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of acridinedione derivatives
Authors: Pamuk Handan , Aday Burak , Şen Fatih , Kaya Muharrem
Published: May 2015

Pt NPs@GO has been used for the first time for synthesizing acridinedione from dimedone, aromatic aldehydes and various amines as a catalyst.
Enantiomeric 3-arylcoumarins and 2-arylcoumarones from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors
Authors: Ji Shuai , Qiao Xue , Li Zi-wei , Wang Yong-rui , Yu Si-wang , Liang Wen-fei , Lin Xiong-hao , Ye Min
Published: May 2015

Four new PTP1B inhibitors were isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and the absolute configuration of 2,3-dihydro-2,3,3-trimethylbenzofurans was first unambiguously established.
Intracellular delivery of CII TA genes by polycationic liposomes for suppressed immune response of dendritic cells
Authors: Su Lin , Liu Gang , Zhang Shuangnan , Wang Hanjie , Wang Sheng , Li Xue , Chang Jin
Published: May 2015

Construction of an effective nanocomplex for suppression of CII TA proteins can be a potential strategy for inhibiting unwanted immune response.
Designing bio-mimetic moxifloxacin loaded hydrogel wound dressing to improve antioxidant and pharmacology properties
Authors: Singh Baljit , Dhiman Abhishek
Published: May 2015

Recently, it has been found that moxifloxacin, an antibiotic drug, promotes wound healing without induction to bacterial resistance.
A bio-friendly, green route to processable, biocompatible graphene/polymer composites
Authors: Murray E. , Sayyar S. , Thompson B. C. , Gorkin III R. , Officer D. L. , Wallace G. G.
Published: May 2015

Processable graphene/polycaprolactone composites for tissue engineering were produced in a simultaneous one-step polymerisation/reduction process without toxic reducing agents.
The role of silver nanoparticles functionalized on TiO2for photocatalytic disinfection of harmful algae
Authors: Lee Soo-Wohn , Obregón S. , Rodríguez-González V.
Published: May 2015

Silver loaded TiO2samples were prepared by photodeposition of different amounts of Ag+ions over commercial titanium dioxide (Evonik TiO2P25) in aqueous media without the presence of sacrificial agents.
Laser irradiated self-supporting and flexible 3-dimentional graphene-based film electrode with promising electrochemical properties
Authors: Liu Qi , Shi Qiuwei , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang
Published: May 2015

Rapid preparation of self-supporting and flexible 3-dimentional graphene-based film electrode with promising electrochemical properties by HI reduction and laser irradiation.
Self-assembly of “patchy” nanoparticles: a versatile approach to functional hierarchical materials
Authors: Lunn David J. , Finnegan John R. , Manners Ian
Published: May 2015

The solution-phase self-assembly or “polymerization” of discrete colloidal building blocks, such as “patchy” nanoparticles and multicompartment micelles, is attracting growing attention with respect to the creation of complex hierarchical materials.
Supramolecularly engineered phospholipids constructed by nucleobase molecular recognition: upgraded generation of phospholipids for drug delivery
Authors: Wang Dali , Tu Chunlai , Su Yue , Zhang Chuan , Greiser Udo , Zhu Xinyuan , Yan Deyue , Wang Wenxin
Published: May 2015

Supramolecularly engineered phospholipids and liposomes based on complementary hydrogen bonding of nucleosides have been developed.
Target-driven DNA association to initiate cyclic assembly of hairpins for biosensing and logic gate operation
Authors: Guo Yuehua , Wu Jie , Ju Huangxian
Published: May 2015

Target-driven DNA association is designed for initiating the cyclic assembly of hairpins for target detection and logic gate operation.
Reversible deformation–formation of a multistimuli responsive vesicle by a supramolecular peptide amphiphile
Authors: Mondal Julfikar Hassan , Ahmed Sahnawaz , Ghosh Titli , Das Debapratim
Published: May 2015

A supramolecular peptide amphiphile and its vesicles are prepared using the host-guest chemistry of cucurbit[8]uril and azobenzene. The vesicles showed sensitivity to multiple triggers and the formation/deformation of the vesicle can be controlled with suitable light.
A tree-like nanoporous WO3 photoanode with enhanced charge transport efficiency for photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Shin Sun , Han Hyun Soo , Kim Ju Seong , Park Ik Jae , Lee Myeong Hwan , Hong Kug Sun , Cho In Sun
Published: May 2015

A tree-like nanoporous tungsten trioxide (WO3) photoanode that largely improves the photoelectrochemical water-oxidation performance was synthesized by a laser ablation method.
Hexagonal magnetite nanoprisms: preparation, characterization and cellular uptake
Authors: Wang H. , Shrestha T. B. , Basel M. T. , Pyle M. , Toledo Y. , Konecny A. , Thapa P. , Ikenberry M. , Hohn K. L. , Chikan V. , Troyer D. L. , Bossmann S. H.
Published: May 2015

Nearly perfect hexagonal Fe3O4 nanoplatelet structures, with edge length of 45 ± 5 nm and thickness of 5 to 6 nm were synthesized from iron(iii) acetylacetonate using the dual ligand system oleic and stearic acid.
Blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices based on carbazole/thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide with a high glass transition temperature
Authors: Jeon Young Pyo , Kim Kyu Sung , Lee Kyeong Kyun , Moon In Kyu , Choo Dong Chul , Lee Jun Yeob , Kim Tae Whan
Published: May 2015

A bipolar host material for blue organic light-emitting devices was synthesized by incorporating electron-donating carbazole and electron-accepting thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide into one molecule using a solventless green reaction.
Enhancing device efficiencies of solid-state white light-emitting electrochemical cells by employing waveguide coupling
Authors: Cheng Chia-Yu , Wang Chi-Wei , Cheng Jing-Rong , Chen Hsiao-Fan , Yeh Yun-Shiuan , Su Hai-Ching , Chang Chih-Hao , Wong Ken-Tsung
Published: May 2015

Device efficiency of white LECs can be enhanced by recycling the trapped EL in the ITO layer to the forward direction.
Tunable Stokes shift and circularly polarized luminescence by supramolecular gel
Authors: Jintoku Hirokuni , Kao Min-Tzu , Del Guerzo André , Yoshigashima Yudai , Masunaga Takuya , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka
Published: May 2015

A new optical material based on the self-assembly of a low-molecular organogelator for the control of the fluorescence wavelength and polarization was developed.
Distributed cooperative control design for finite‐time attitude synchronisation of rigid spacecraft
Authors: Zhou Ning , Xia Yuanqing , Fu Mengyin , Li Yong
Published: May 2015

Two finite‐time control algorithms are developed for distributed cooperative attitude synchronisation of multiple spacecraft with a dynamic virtual leader. Each spacecraft is modelled as a rigid body incorporating with model uncertainty and unknown external disturbance. The virtual leader gives commands to some of the follower spacecraft, and the communication network between followers can be an undirected or a directed graph. By using two neighbourhood synchronisation error signals, a finite‐time control algorithm is designed associated with adaptive mechanism such that all follower spacecraft synchronise to the virtual leader in finite time. Then a novel estimator‐based finite‐time distributed cooperative control algorithm is developed by using the followers’ estimates of the virtual leader, and the convergence of the attitude and angular velocity errors can be guaranteed in finite time. Moreover, both of the control strategies are chattering‐free for their continuous design. Simulation examples are illustrated to demonstrate the validity of the two algorithms.