bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Impact of Systematically Performing Autopsies following Selective Termination of Pregnancies: Comparison between Multiples and Singletons
Authors: Ramalho Carla , Brandão Otília , Matias Alexandra , Montenegro Nuno
Published: June 2014

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of systematically performing autopsies following selective termination of pregnancy. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of necropsies following medical termination of pregnancy performed in a tertiary referral hospital. A correlation between prenatal diagnosis and postmortem findings was performed. The cases were classified as having complete agreement, complete disagreement or major agreement with additional information. A comparison between multiples (n = 29) and singletons (n = 374) was undertaken. Results: The median gestational age at the time of termination/selective feticide was 19 (11-34) weeks in multiples and 18 (6-36) weeks in singletons (p = 0.190). In 5 cases (17.2%) of multiples (50.0% submitted to selective feticide) fetal autopsy was not possible, while in singletons autopsy was not feasible in only 1.3% (p < 0.005). Discussion: Contrarily to singleton pregnancies, in twin pregnancies with termination of 1 fetus it should not be possible to undertake an autopsy. When a selective termination is performed away from delivery, the time of retention may hinder the feasibility of the necropsy study. In those cases, it is crucial to make an exhaustive investigation previously to selective feticide.
Serum Tryptase: A New Biomarker in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Authors: Pastorello Elide Anna , Morici Nuccia , Farioli Laura , Di Biase Matteo , Losappio Laura Michelina , Nichelatti Michele , Lupica Loredana , Schroeder Jan Walter , Stafylaraki Chrysi , Klugmann Silvio
Published: June 2014

Background: Mast cell tryptase has recently been reported to be involved in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. However, the results of these reports are conflicting. Methods: The aim of this study was to characterize the role of tryptase as a prognostic marker of patient cardiovascular complexity in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Furthermore, its association with an angiographic scoring system [defined by the SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the TAXUS drug-eluting stent and the cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score] was examined. The serum tryptase was measured at admission in 65 consecutive ACS patients and in 35 healthy controls. In the patients with ACS, a composite measure of clinical and angiographic patient cardiovascular complexity was indicated by two of the following: clinical adverse events at hospitalization, at least 2 epicardial coronary arteries involved in the atherosclerotic disease, more than 1 stent implanted or more than 2 coronary artery disease risk factors. Results: The tryptase measurements were lower in patients without the composite measure (p < 0.0005). Linear regression showed a significant relationship between tryptase levels and the SYNTAX score (SX-score). Conversely, high-sensitivity troponin values did not correlate with either the composite outcome or the SX-score. The predictive accuracy of serum tryptase for the composite outcome was set at the cut-off point of 5.22 ng/ml (sensitivity 81% and specificity 95.7%). Conclusion: In ACS patients, serum tryptase levels at admission may predict patient cardiovascular complexity more reliably than currently known biomarkers. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term prognostic role of this biomarker in ACS.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 K469E and Angiotensinogen T207M Polymorphisms in Coronary Slow Flow
Authors: Gazi Emine , Barutcu Ahmet , Altun Burak , Temiz Ahmet , Bekler Adem , Urfali Mine , Silan Fatma , Colkesen Yucel , Ozdemir Ozturk
Published: June 2014

Objective: To investigate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms, as related to atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, in coronary slow flow (CSF). Subjects and Methods: The participants in this study were 48 patients with CSF and 67 patients with normal coronary flow as controls. The K469E polymorphism of ICAM1 (rs5498) and the T207M polymorphism of AGT (rs4762) were determined using the polymerase chain reaction amplification method. Results: Baseline demographic parameters were similar in both groups. The mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count was significantly higher in patients with CSF (23.8 ± 5.1) compared to the controls (13.3 ± 2.6, p < 0.001). A significant association was found between the ICAM1 K allele and CSF (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.15-3.35, p = 0.013). There was no difference in the frequency of AGT T207M genotypes in the patients with CSF and the control subjects. Conclusion: This study showed that K469E polymorphisms of ICAM1 that play a role in atherosclerotic pathogenesis are related to CSF.
Phrenic Nerve Paralysis as the Initial Presentation in Pleural Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma
Authors: Makimoto Go , Fujiwara Keiichi , Fujimoto Nobukazu , Yamadori Ichiro , Sato Toshio , Kishimoto Takumi
Published: June 2014

A 74-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of persistent cough. A chest radiograph revealed an elevation of the right diaphragm. Computed tomography (CT) images revealed a small nodule localized on the right mediastinum. Five months later, the nodule had grown and was diagnosed as malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) by a CT-guided needle biopsy. The patient underwent combined chemotherapy, but the disease progressed rapidly and he passed away. On autopsy, microscopic findings and immunohistological examinations supported the diagnosis of sarcomatoid mesothelioma. Therefore, we diagnosed this rare case as localized sarcomatoid MPM showing phrenic nerve paralysis as an initial presentation.
The Pancreas: Causes for Malabsorption
Authors: Hackert Thilo , Schütte Kerstin , Malfertheiner Peter
Published: June 2014

Background: The pancreas has a central function in digestion and glucose homeostasis. With regard to the exocrine function, which is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and vitamins, the most important disturbances of these physiological processes are based on deficiencies in enzyme production and secretion, either due to impaired excretion caused by obstruction of the pancreatic duct or due to loss of pancreatic tissue. Both conditions result in maldigestion, malabsorption, and malnutrition. Methods: Systematic literature review. Results: Symptoms associated with pancreatic exocrine failure are gastrointestinal discomfort, steatorrhea, and weight loss. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency caused by ductal obstruction occurs in chronic pancreatitis or with neoplasia of the pancreatic head. Loss of functional parenchyma can be caused either by chronic pancreatitis resulting in fibrotic replacement of the destroyed parenchyma or by a postoperative state of pancreatic resection. Conclusion: In patients with chronic pancreatitis, a stage-adapted and timely therapy including conservative as well as surgical measures is essential to prevent functional deterioration and to preserve residual function. In the case of pancreatic resection for chronic pancreatitis, this can be achieved with modern organ-sparing surgery such as the duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection. In patients requiring more extended pancreatic resections and even total duodenopancreatectomy, regardless of the underlying indication, adequate enzyme replacement and monitoring of the nutritional status is critical to prevent impairment of quality of life as well as detrimental malnutrition in the long term.
Introducing a Computer-Assisted, Digital Tongue-Imaging Device for Standardization of Traditional Tongue Diagnosis
Authors: Gareus Isabel , Rampp Thomas , Tan Linda , Lüdtke Rainer , Niggemeier Corinna , Lauche Romy , Klose Petra , Dobos Gustav
Published: June 2014

Background: In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) tongue diagnosis and pulse diagnosis are the major diagnostic methods up till now. As western research has tended to focus on acupuncture, attempts to standardize the classic diagnostic methods have been few. Methods: A digital camera with a ring flash was fixed in a frame, so that the tongue-lens-distance and illumination were kept constant. A pilot study testing the inter-methods reliability, test-retest reliability, and interrater reliability of 2 observers was conducted: the tongues (1 ×) as well as the tongue images (2 ×) from 76 patients from our ward were assessed with a standardized rating list in a randomized order by both observers, who were mutually blinded. As primary outcome measure we used agreement beyond chance (Cohen's kappa). Results: The colors of the tongue body / the tongue coating were the main criteria for the authentic reproduction of the tongue in our images. Inter-methods reliability for the color of the tongue body/coating was kappa 0.35 / 0.34 (p < 0.001) for observer 1 and 0.59 / 0.57 (p < 0.001) for observer 2. Test-retest reliability for the color of the tongue body / the tongue coating was kappa 0.53 / 0.48 (p< 0.001) for observer 1 and 0.65 / 0.62 (p < 0.001) for observer 2. Interrater reliability was generally low. Conclusions: The introduced device represents a first step towards standardization of tongue diagnosis. However, inter-methods as well as test-retest reliability vary between observers and different morphological characteristics.
Perfil das malformações congênitas no berçário anexo à maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Pimenta Marina De Souza , Calil Valdenise Martins Laurindo Tuma , Krebs Vera Lúcia Jornada
Published: June 2014

OBJETIVO: Descrever a incidência e os tipos de malformações congênitas, a mortalidade e o tempo de permanência hospitalar de recém-nascidos (RN) portadores de malformações congênitas admitidos em berçário de alta complexidade de um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional retrospectivo e prospectivo de uma coorte de recém-nascidos vivos portadores de malformações congênitas. Foram incluídos todos os neonatos com malformação, nascidos no período de um ano (2007-2008) no Berçário Anexo à Maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de análise de prontuários e avaliação dos RN. Para a descrição dos resultados, foram utilizadas a frequência relativa e absoluta das classes de cada variável qualitativa e medidas de tendência central e de dispersão (variáveis quantitativas). Na comparação entre as variáveis, foram usados o teste do qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Houve 1628 nascidos-vivos no período, sendo 93 (5,71%) portadores de malformações. Predominaram as malformações neurológicas (33%), urogenitais (32%) e craniofaciais (31%). Houve 46 (49,5%) RN de termo e 47 (50,5%) pré-termos; 41 (44,09%) foram RN de baixo peso. Dentre os RN com malformações, 86 (92%) apresentavam malformações maiores e 7 (8%), malformações menores. O tempo médio de internação foi de 43,8 dias. Houve 21 (22,6%) óbitos, com associação significante entre mortalidade e malformações (p<0,0001), sobretudo cardíacas (p=0,014). CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência de malformações congênitas foi elevada em relação à descrita na literatura, havendo predomínio de malformações maiores. As anomalias mais comuns foram as neurológicas, conforme verificado por outros autores. Observou-se, também, uma mortalidade superior à encontrada na literatura, o que pode ser explicado pela gravidade dos casos descritos. A permanência hospitalar foi prolongada em relação à média dos recém-nascidos da unidade. Houve associação significante entre mortalidade e presença de malformações congênitas, principalmente cardíacas.
A Hipótese do Capitalismo Disforme no Campo: Dialética do Progresso na Relação entre Agricultura e Capitalismo em um Texto de Karl Marx
Authors: Rubbo Deni Ireneu Alfaro
Published: June 2014

O objetivo mais geral deste texto é ensaiar uma primeira aproximação sobre a evolução e a contextualização da produção do texto de Marx, a partir de sua obra de maior fôlego, O capital–exclusivamente no Livro III e especialmente na seção da renda fundiária –,que está irredutivelmente marcada por uma construção inconclusa. Pretende-se acumular e detalhar algumas considerações teórico-metodológicas, isto é, precauções para “evitar mal-entendidos”, tal como assinalou Marx, levadas a cabo mais sistematicamente no capítulo 37. A hipótese central é a de que o tema da renda da terra é construído a partir de uma representação não linear do desenvolvimento histórico, principalmente por uma abordagem que inclui uma crítica da noção abstrata do progresso e da relação de desenvolvimento desigual e combinado, o que pode servir como ponto de partida para os problemas contemporâneos entre agricultura e capitalismo, principalmente nos assim chamados sistemas capitalistas subnacionais periféricos. Tal construção desautorizaria de uma vez por todas a compreensão dessas passagens críticas como categorias eternas, típicas das visões lineares e otimistas do marxismo positivista.
Terrritorialização do Programa Nacional de Produção e uso de biodiesel e concentração de capital no Brasil
Authors: Santos José Antônio Lobo dos , Suzuki Júlio César
Published: June 2014

A implantação do Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso de Biodiesel (PNPB) no Brasil possui implicações na produção do espaço. Assim, buscamos compreender como o PNPB vem se territorializando a luz de um amplo processo de concentração de capital, com significado na criação de infraestruturas produtivas de forma concentrada, num mercado capitalista extremamente oligopolizado com amplo processo de expropriação da renda da terra camponesa. Os resultados das análises mostraram que grandes grupos econômicos estão controlando o processo produtivo de biodiesel no país, assim como o mercado e a produção de matérias-primas. Esse controle, na prática, vem se evidenciando num conjunto de estratégias do capital voltadas para concentração de riquezas, a exploração de trabalho e a territorialização dos interesses corporativos na produção de energia com utilização de oleaginosas no Brasil.
A política de assentamentos rurais do governo FHC e os desafios da reforma agrária no Brasil do século XXI
Authors: Alentejano Paulo Roberto R.
Published: June 2014

O texto procura caracterizar a política de FHC como anti-popular e neoliberal em relação à reforma agrária, tendo como referência a dependência externa, a privatização às custas do Estado, a priorização do sistema financeiro, o aumento das desigualdades sociais e o aumento do desemprego.O texto trata, ainda, dos desafios da reforma agrária no século XXI.
Quilombo, território e geografia
Authors: Carril Lourdes de Fátima Bezerra
Published: June 2014

Este artigo analisa a autoidentificação do quilombo por comunidades rurais no vale do Ribeira, na luta pelo acesso à terra, ancorada no artigo 68 da Constituição Brasileira, que garante o direito às terras de quilombos, no Brasil. A análise se estende ao fato de que comunidades de rappers, bem como outros moradores da periferia de Capão Redondo, em São Paulo, também vêm chamando para si a auto-identidade de quilombolas e para esses espaços da cidade, de quilombos. Procura-se entender que essa representação expressa, tanto a exclusão da terra no campo, como a segregação social, espacial e racial na cidade. Liga-se às relações desiguais e contraditórias, historicamente, presentes na constituição sociedade-território no Brasil. Em ambos os casos, os grupos buscam uma identidade comum. A identificação e a representação do quilombo torna-se base para a sobrevivência física e cultural, significando também a tentativa de reenraizamento social e espacial ou de criação de uma nova territorialidade, a inserção social pelo rap e a recuperação da auto-estima.
O movimento dos trabalhadores rurais sem-terra (MST) e a democracia no Brasil
Authors: Carter Miguel
Published: June 2014

Este trabalho examina as relações do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) com a democracia no Brasil. O MST é a principal organização popular da América Latina e um dos mais importantes movimentos sociais pela reforma agrária na história mundial. Contrariando certas opiniões influentes, este ensaio argumenta que o MST não é uma organização “anti-Estado” ou “anti-democrática”. As ações do MST junto às instituições políticas do Brasil são multifacetadas e dinâmicas. Estas incluem o ativismo público e atos de desobediência civil, lobby e negociações, corporativismo social ad hoc, participação eleitoral e relações diversas com o Estado de Direito. Dada a crua realidade da luta agrária no Brasil –- e as opções reais disponíveis ao MST— a conduta de resistência e pressão política deve ser compreendida, em primeiro lugar, como sustentada em considerações práticas mais do que em qualquer ideologia dogmática. O perfil contencioso do MST tem sido necessário para avançar a reforma agrária no Brasil e melhorar a qualidade da sua democracia, no sentido de: (1) fortalecer a sociedade civil através da organização e incorporação de setores marginalizados da população; (2) realçar a importância do ativismo público como catalisador do desenvolvimento social; (3) facilitar a extensão e exercício de direitos básicos de cidadania entre os pobres; e, (4) gerar um sentido de utopia e afirmação de ideais que impregnam o processo de democratização do Brasil no seu longo prazo, complexidade e conseqüências abertas. Por virtude de nascimento e necessidade, a marca distintiva do MST junto à democracia brasileira tem sido a do “jogo duro”.
Caracterização sócio-espacial da agricultura no oeste paranaense: um estudo de caso em Palotina - PR.
Authors: Belusso Diane , Serra Elpídio
Published: June 2014

A produção agrícola no Oeste do Paraná e especificamente no município de Palotina, apresenta uma configuração que resultou das transformações a partir do pacote tecnológico do processo de “modernização da agricultura”. Nesta pesquisa, se pretendeu caracterizar o espaço geográfico da atividade agrícola no Oeste do Paraná e demonstrar o papel das empresas cooperativistas - presentes desde os primórdios da colonização no Oeste do Paraná - como coadjuvantes da consolidação do modelo imposto pela “modernização da agricultura”. No município de Palotina, evidencia-se a função de uma empresa cooperativista fundada em 1963 e que ao longo de quatro décadas acompanhou a intensificação das relações entre terra, trabalho e tecnologia, principalmente a partir de 1997 com a implantação de um Complexo Industrial Avícola.
Apontamentos para uma abordagem dialética das relações cidade-campo: do modelo clássico aos novos desafios
Authors: Frabetti Giancarlo Livman
Published: June 2014

A análise da relação cidade-campo nas ciências sociais é constantemente deduzida a partir da aplicação de um modelo unívoco de interpretação. Por isso, a sua importância para a compreensão dos fenômenos sociais vem sendo negligenciada. Este artigo visa identificar subsídios teóricos que nos permitam pensar a complexidade das relações entre cidade e campo. Para isso, partiremos das bases clássicas sobre o debate, a partir das quais derivam as formulações que advogam o fim das contradições nestas relações. Uma vez demonstrado que a teoria do desenvolvimento desigual do capitalismo refuta essas teses, finalizaremos com a análise do caso brasileiro, sugerindo uma variedade de possibilidades de se conceber dialeticamente as contradições entre campo e cidade.
A relação campo-cidade no município de Francisco Beltrão - Paraná - Brasil
Authors: Mondardo Marcos Leandro
Published: June 2014

A relação campo-cidade foi historicamente determinada pelos modelos econômicos implementados. No Brasil, essa relação ocorreu segundo modificações econômicas que refletiram e materializaram os modos de vida dos habitantes desses espaços. Neste contexto, este artigo apresenta-se como uma contribuição no intuito de analisar e refletir sobre alguns aspectos da relação campo-cidade, em especial no município de Francisco Beltrão, localizado no Sudoeste do estado do Paraná – Brasil. O município tem sua relação campo-cidade “incipiente” no período entre 1850 e 1940, em que predomina uma economia “cabocla” voltada à subsistência. A partir de 1950, ocorre uma migração para o município de Francisco Beltrão, oriunda do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina que alavanca e intensifica o relacionamento entre campo-cidade. A partir de 1970, surgem novos elementos no campo e na cidade que transformam e modificam a relação entre esses dois espaços. Atualmente, a relação campo-cidade se dinamiza, pela industrialização e, assim, terceirização do campo e pelo aumento populacional e de empresas com sedes na cidade vinculadas ao campo.
Fundamentos da transição agroecológica: racionalidade ecológica e campesinato
Authors: Camargo Paula
Published: June 2014

Diferentemente daquelas proposições de “agricultura alternativa”, cujos anseios limitam-se a idealizar que a reprodução ampliada do capital possa ocorrer sem provocar efeitos devastadores, ambientais ou sociais, na perspectiva da agroecologia considerada por ALTIERI (2002), GUZMÁN; MOLINA (2005) e GUTERRES (2006) está posto que o posicionamento político-ideológico é necessário. Neste caso, parte-se da crítica às bases estruturantes do sistema de produção, concebendo o cotidiano da vivência camponesesa como renovação contínua da luta, a qual, talvez, somente seja possível por ser também pautada pela racionalidade ecológica, provocando o acirramento de velhas e a produção de novas contradições ao confrontar-se com a hegemonia da racionalidade econômica. Por fim, a agroecologia é compreendida na interação dos camponeses com pesquisadores, entidades e grupos sociais, o que, por sua vez, traz o desafio do diálogo em meio à pluralidade epistemológica.
As faces do desenvolvimento rural no sul gaúcho: produção agroecológica familiar e monoculturas empresariais
Authors: Alves Flamarion Dutra
Published: June 2014

A discussão entre a viabilidade e rentabilidade da produção da pequena propriedade familiar e das grandes propriedades empresariais é importante para destacar o sentido do desenvolvimento rural. Nos municípios de Candiota e Hulha Negra, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, existe um contraste de modos de desenvolvimento no campo, de um lado os assentamentos rurais produzindo de forma agroecológica e de outro as grandes propriedades com florestas para celulose e pecuária extensiva e empresarial. Nesse sentido, o artigo visa debater sobre estes modelos de produção no espaço rural, seus limites e potencialidades, e tecer algumas considerações para o futuro dessa região, analisando os aspectos econômicos, socioculturais e ambientais de uma forma integrada, refletindo sobre a organização do espaço agrário.
A condição feminina na agricultura e a viabilidade da agroecologia
Authors: De Biase Laura
Published: June 2014

Este artigo busca refletir sobre os fatores que distanciam teorias e práticas agroecológicas. Dentre esses fatores, dimensiona-se a condição feminina nas transformações relativas à modernização agrícola e aos projetos de agroecologia. Assim, este estudo parte da compreensão teórica dos aspectos acima mencionados para, num segundo momento, confrontá-los com uma realidade empiricamente determinada, a implantação de projetos agroecológicos no Vale do Ribeira, região sul do Estado de São Paulo. Durante o trabalho de campo, utilizou-se o método de observação participante e de entrevistas abertas. Como conclusão, constatou-se que a prática agroecológica pesquisada reproduz fundamentos do modelo da “agricultura moderna”, tais como: a exclusão da mulher; separação entre as noções de trabalho e família; submissão à lógica de produção e consumo capitalista; êxodo dos jovens; violência; e outros elementos que colocam em risco a existência da agricultura tradicionalmente familiar. Além disso, sugeriu-se que, na transição de uma agroecologia restrita aos aspectos técnicos para uma agroecologia ampla, capaz de realizar transformações efetivas no modelo agrícola hegemônico, as mulheres têm muito a contribuir.
Neuronal Spike Train Entropy Estimation by History Clustering
Authors: Watters Nicholas , Reeke George N.
Published: June 2014

Neurons send signals to each other by means of sequences of action potentials (spikes). Ignoring variations in spike amplitude and shape that are probably not meaningful to a receiving cell, the information content, or entropy of the signal depends on only the timing of action potentials, and because there is no external clock, only the interspike intervals, and not the absolute spike times, are significant. Estimating spike train entropy is a difficult task, particularly with small data sets, and many methods of entropy estimation have been proposed. Here we present two related model-based methods for estimating the entropy of neural signals and compare them to existing methods. One of the methods is fast and reasonably accurate, and it converges well with short spike time records; the other is impractically time-consuming but apparently very accurate, relying on generating artificial data that are a statistical match to the experimental data. Using the slow, accurate method to generate a best-estimate entropy value, we find that the faster estimator converges to this value more closely and with smaller data sets than many existing entropy estimators.
The Grammaticalization of Daimonie at Iliad 24.194
Authors: Brown H. Paul
Published: June 2014

Homer’s use of the address form δαιµονίη for Hekabe atIliad24.194, has been particularly troublesome, and these problems have remained largely unresolved because the word’s etymology, its later use, and its generally negative tone contrast with the otherwise non-confrontational tone of Priam’s speech atIl.24.194-199. This mismatch has led to a wide range of interpretations, and no general consensus. In this paper I argue that the term here appears to be undergoinggrammaticalizationin the direction of a discourse particle, and as such does not characterize the addressee but the context of Priam’s subsequent speech. Although use of the term by later authors shows that this process was terminated, nevertheless, the development of δαιµόνιε proposed here patterns with that of other divine address forms such as Latinmehercule!andedepol!, Frenchmon Dieu!, Englishoh my God!, etc. which have come to function like other discourse particles such aswow!
Defining Religion A Humanities Perspective
Authors: Schilderman Hans
Published: June 2014

This contribution aims to address the opportunities for empirical theologians to deal with the definitions of religious texts, beliefs, and practices from a humanities perspective. After pinpointing the issue of definition as one, in which interpretation is constitutive, three paragraphs elaborate the discussion of such a humanities approach to religion. Firstly, it is made clear that semiotic analysis offers a method to clarify the significance of religious texts, beliefs, and rituals at three elementary levels of meaning exchange. Secondly, it is demonstrated that discourse-analysis offers a proper method to clarify how various owners of religious definitions interact in pursuit of their interests. Thirdly, attention is drawn to the exigency of studying justification claims in religion, which is crucial in demonstrating the relevance and significance of empirical research to society. In looking back, it is argued that the indicated humanities perspective is able to avoid the many pitfalls in defining religion, and contributes to the development of empirical theology and is relevant to current and forthcoming opportunities for research in religion.
Religious Coping Among Rural Clergy: Measuring Ways in Which Rural Clergy Draw on Coping Strategies Informed by Their Theological Beliefs
Authors: Brewster Christine
Published: June 2014

Following the recent decline in stipendiary clergy numbers in the Church of England and the consequent amalgamation of numerous rural benefices, enormous demands have been placed on many rural clergy. Potential stressors include ‘overextension’ and ‘inadequate resources’, which can cause poor work-related psychological health. Folkman and Lazarus (1988), whose work is firmly rooted in the ‘secular’ psychological tradition, contend that in order to survive in times of stress, people need to employ coping practices whereby they can ‘manage’ the personal and/or environmental stressors which ‘tax’ or ‘exceed’ their personal resources. Pargament (1997), however, believes that religious beliefs and religious experience are also important, and he suggests that the psychology of religion and coping ‘bridges a deep psychological tradition of helping people take care of what they can in times of stress with a rich religious tradition of helping people accept their limitations and look beyond themselves for assistance in troubling times’ (p. 9).

The present study examines the coping strategies of a sample of 722 Church of England rural clergy who are responsible for three or more rural churches, following their completion of the ‘RCOPE Measure of Religious Coping’ (Pargament, Koenig and Perez, 2000). The data produced suggest that the religious coping strategies most frequently used by rural clergy in multi-church benefices, are ‘benevolent religious reappraisal’ (to find ‘meaning’), ‘collaborative religious coping’ and ‘active religious surrender’ (to gain ‘control’), ‘religious purification/forgiveness’, ‘spiritual connection’ and ‘marking religious boundaries’ (to gain comfort and closeness to God) and ‘seeking support from clergy and church members’ and ‘religious helping’ (to gain ‘intimacy with others and closeness to God’).

The data demonstrate that rural clergy certainly draw on images of God that may promote healthy responses to significant stressors, but that they also employ those that may be detrimental to effective coping, and it is suggested that the provision by the church, of educational programmes focusing on religious coping strategies, might lead to the enhancement of work-related psychological health among rural clergy.
Gender, Generation and Identities in Vancouver’s African Diaspora
Authors: Creese Gillian
Published: June 2014

This paper explores multi-generational shifts in identities and community building among the ‘new’ African diaspora in Vancouver, Canada. Drawing on interviews with adult migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, teen migrants, and second-generation adults, the paper highlights how diasporic identities are gendered, racialized, and place-based. The first generation struggles to remain African, with men focused more on maintaining links with the homeland and women engaged more with strategies of homemaking in Canada. In contrast, second-generation young men develop stronger affinities with the nearby African-American diaspora, while their sisters are more likely to identify with the local African-Canadian community and, like their parents, to dis-identify with the larger African-American diaspora.
Oligochaete (Annelida, Clitellata) сommunities in lakes of the Ural Mountains (Russia)
Authors: BATURINA MARIA , TIMM TARMO , LOSKUTOVA OLGA
Published: June 2014

The oligochaete fauna of 25 lakes located in the Polar and Subpolar regions of the Ural Mountains in Russia was studied. In total, 46 oligochaete taxa were collected, 32 of them identified to species level. Naididae had the highest number of taxa (19); the other taxa belonged to Pristinidae (2), Enchytraeidae (6), Tubificidae (10), Lumbriculidae (8) and Lumbricidae (1). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to characterize the relationship between abundance of oligochaete species, abundance and biomass of all oligochaetes, abundance of separate families and environmental factors. Latitude, elevation, silt, detritus, moss and algal periphyton and depth were found to be factors influencing the distribution of oligochaetes.
In Memoriam
Tamara L. Poddubnaya (1930–2011)—Oligochaetologist

Authors: TIMM TARMO , WETZEL MARK J.
Published: June 2014

Dr. Tamara Leont'evna Poddubnaya (nee Protopopova) was born 18 February 1930 in Rostov-na-Donu, a large city on the Don River in Southern Russia. After graduating the Rostov University in 1953 she joined the Biological Station in Borok, which later became the Institute for Biology of Inland Waters at Rybinsk Reservoir, located on the Upper Volga River in Northern Russia. Here she spent the remaining 57 years of her lifetime, working in the same research institute. In 1962, she received her Cand. Biol. Sci. (= Ph.D.) degree in Moscow; her thesis (in Russian) was entitled, "Studies on the biology of mass species of tubificids (Limnodrilus newaensis Mich. and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Clap.) of the Rybinsk Reservoir”.
Bathymetric distribution of aquatic Oligochaeta in Lake Kizaki, Central Japan
Authors: HIRABAYASHI KIMIO , OGA KEIKO , YAMAMOTO MASAMICHII
Published: June 2014

Bathymetric distribution of aquatic oligochaetes was studied at 8 stations with different depths (mean depth 16.7 ± 9.4 m, min. 5.3 m, max. 29.4 m) in July 2012 in mesotrophic Lake Kizaki, Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan. The average density was 10424 ± 5346 individuals m-2. Oligochaetes were numerically dominant at all sampling stations. High density, sometimes more than 10000 individuals m-2,was recorded at 3 stations (St. 4, 5, and 6) deeper than 18 m. Maximum density was 20561 ± 13864 individuals m-2 at Station 4 (depth 29.4 m, ignition loss of sediment 13.5%, bottom water temperature 8.1 °C and DO of bottom water 0.12 mg l-1). We identified a total of 5 genera and 7 species belonging to three subfamilies: i.e., 1 species of Naidinae, 2 species of Rhyacodrilinae and 4 species of Tubificinae. Dominant species (in order of abundance) were Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (8550 ± 6317 individuals m-2; 82.0%) and Limnodrilus spp. (L. hoffmeisteri Claparède, 1862 and L. claparedeianus Ratzel, 1868) (1710 ± 1383 individuals m-2; 16.4%). Tubifex and Limnodrilus were obtained from every station, and the density of T. tubifex tended to be higher as the depth became greater, while Limnodrilus spp. was also widely distributed, but with a peak value at a depth of 5.3 m in the shallowest station. From the submerged plant zone, Ophidonais serpentina (Müller, 1773) was collected. An earlier study by Hirabayashi & Hayashi (1994) showed that in 1985 the average density of aquatic oligochaetes was 435 ± 428 individuals m-2, oligochaetes dominated in only four locations and were distributed over the whole lake approximately equally. Comparisons of our data with the earlier studies have shown that oligochaete density has increased greatly according to Hirabayashi & Hayashi (1994). We suggest that a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration of bottom water was due to an increase in organic matter content of the sediment. As a result, T. tubifex could expand their habitats in the profundal zone.
A new species of Altipolia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Xyleninae) from China
Authors: BENEDEK BALÁZS , SALDAITIS AIDAS , RIMSAITE JOLANTA
Published: June 2014

The trifine Noctuid genus Altipolia Plante occurs only in ecozones above the Himalayan timberline. The imagoes generally appear during late season’s first frosty nights with only females becoming active in early spring after overwintering. They share this reproductive strategy and certain genitalic characters with Dasypolia Thunberg and Estagrotis Nye. Members of Altipolia are medium sized moths (wingspan 31–38 mm) having divergent wings patterns and ground colouration but more conservative genitalia especially in most females. The genus is currently comprised of seven species which can now be separated into two species-groups based on male genitalia characters. Their distribution is restricted solely to the Himalayas where they are found from Northeast Pakistan throughout North India and Nepal to China’s North Yunnan and Western Sichuan Provinces. A more detailed survey of the late autumnal high mountain Himalayan Noctuidae fauna especially in the less explored areas of the Southern and Western edge of the Tibetan plateau may yield further species. Recent collecting trips to Western Sichuan resulted in new distribution data for a few interesting Altipolia species including one new to the science but also raised further taxonomical questions. The female genitalia of Altipolia are relatively uniform but further male genitalia analysis is needed and will be included in a subsequent study. The present paper provides an updated check-list of the genus including a description of a new species with a detailed comparison with its closest relatives.
A diminutive new species of cave-dwelling Wolf Snake (Colubridae: Lycodon Boie, 1826) from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE , QUAH EVAN S.H. , ANUAR M.S SHAHRUL , MUIN MOHD ABDUL , WOOD PERRY JR L. , NOR SITI AZIZAH MOHD
Published: June 2014

A newly discovered, diminutive, cave-dwelling, lowland species of the colubrid snake genus Lycodon Boie is described from a limestone cave along the Thai-Malaysian border in the state of Perlis, northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. Lycodon cavernicolus sp. nov. is most closely related to L. butleri Boulenger, an endemic, upland, forest-dwelling species from Peninsular Malaysia of the fasciatus group but is separated from L. butleri and all other species of the L. fasciatus group and the closely related L. ruhstrati group by having the combination of 245 (male) and 232 (female) ventral scales; 113 (male) and 92 (female) paired, subcaudal scales; a single precloacal plate; nine or 10 supralabials; 10 or 11 infralabials; a maximum total length of 508 mm (female); a relative tail length of 0.25–0.27; an immaculate venter in juveniles and dark-brown, posterior, ventral scale margins in adults; and dorsal and caudal bands in juveniles white. The discovery of L. cavernicolus sp. nov. adds to a rapidly growing list of newly discovered reptiles from karst regions and limestone forests of Peninsular Malaysia, underscoring the fact that these areas should be studied before they are quarried as they harbor a significant portion of the Peninsular Malaysia’s herpetological diversity.
New species of Rhamphomyia (Diptera: Empididae) from Turkey with a key to species of the Middle East and adjacent territories
Authors: BARTÁK MIROSLAV , KUBÍK ŠTĚPÁN , CIVELEK HASAN SUNGUR , DURSUN OKTAY
Published: June 2014

Rhamphomyia (s. str.) academica sp. nov. (Turkey) and R. (s. str.) soukupi sp. nov. (Turkey) are described and illustrated. Rhamphomyia (Lundstroemiella) cimrmani Barták, 2006, is re-described and the female is newly described. The first records of Rhamphomyia (s. str.) argentata von Röder, 1887 and R. (Pararhamphomyia) intersita Collin, 1960 are reported from Turkey. A key to species of Rhamphomyia from the Middle East is presented.
The huntsman genus Decaphora Franganillo, 1931 (Araneae: Sparassidae: Sparianthinae)
Authors: RHEIMS CRISTINA ANNE , ALAYÓN GIRALDO
Published: June 2014

The genus Decaphora Franganillo, 1931 is revised. Pseudosparianthis variabilis F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900, Pseudosparianthis cubana Banks, 1909 and Thelcticopis pestai (Reimoser, 1939) are transferred to the genus; and P. cubana is considered a senior synonym of the type species, Decaphora trabiformis Franganillo, 1931. In addition, the female of T. pestai and the male of P. variabilis are described for the first time; and a new species, Decaphora kohunlich spec. nov., is described from Mexico and Guatemala.
First description of the male of Diaea mikhailovi (Araneae: Thomisidae)
Authors: GUO CHEN-HUI , ZHANG FENG
Published: June 2014

The genus Diaea Thorell, 1869 contains 75 known species with the type species D. dorsata (Fabricius, 1777). It is distributed worldwide, and about half of the species currently assigned to this genus are found in Australasia (Platnick 2014). Four Diaea species have been recorded from China, D. subdola O. P.-Cambridge, 1885, D. suspiciosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1885, D. mikhailovi Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2004 and D. simplex Xu, Han & Li, 2008 (Li & Wang 2014; Platnick 2014).
Keys to the species of Athesmia Loss, 1899 (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae: Dicrocoeliinae), with the description of a new species from the clapper rail, Rallus longirostris Boddaert (Gruiformes: Rallidae), from Galveston, Texas, U.S.A.
Authors: DRONEN NORMAN O.
Published: June 2014

Eleven specimens of a previously undescribed species of Athesmia Looss, 1899 were recovered from six clapper rails, Rallus longirostris Boddaert (Rallidae), collected from November, 1984 through October, 1995 from the Galveston, Texas area of the Gulf of Mexico. Species of Athesmia can be divided into two body types based on the posterior extent of the ceca relative to the vitelline field (vitellarium): the attilae type where the ceca may be uneven, but they both extend at least to near the level of the posterior margin of the vitelline field, or more commonly surpass the vitelline field posteriorly and the heterolechithodes type where the cecum on the side of the vitelline field terminates well above the posterior margin of the vitelline field, usually near its anterior extremity, while the cecum opposite the vitelline field extends at least to the level of the posterior margin of the vitelline field, or more commonly surpasses the vitelline field posteriorly. Athesmia ralli n. sp. is assigned to the attilae type. The new species is most similar to Athesmia butensis Petri, 1942, but differs from this species by having a longer space from posterior testis to ovary (600–790 compared to less than 200), which represent a larger percentage of the total body length (7–8% compared to 2%) and a larger maximum egg size (47 by 29 compared to 42 by 25). The new species further differs from A. butensis by having a somewhat larger body, a longer forebody and the vitelline field reaches posteriorly to the posterior third of the body in the new species but is confined to the middle third of the body in A. butensis. A key to species also is provided.
The genus Labiobaetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in China,
with description of a new species
Authors: SHI WEIFANG , TONG XIAOLI
Published: June 2014

Five species of the genus Labiobaetis (Baetidae) are recognized from China based on mature nymphs, including a new species, Labiobaetis ancoralis n. sp. and a new combination, Labiobaetis mustus (Kang & Yang) n. comb. The new species differs from L. multus (Müller-Liebenau) and L. pulchellus (Müller-Liebenau & Hubbard) by the spatulate submarginal setae on labrum and the apical segment of maxillary palpus with a pronounced excavation near apex. Imago stage of L. mustus (Kang & Yang) n. comb. is described for the first time based on male and female imagoes reared from nymphs, which can be distinguished from other known imagoes of Labiobaetis by the color pattern of abdominal terga and hind wing having a tiny vestigial costal process. All Oriental species previously transferred to Pseudocloeon are reassigned to Labiobaetis in the present paper. An identification key is provided to the known mature nymphs of Oriental Labiobaetis species.
Anti-Immigrant Ordinances and Discrimination in New and Established Destinations
Authors: Ebert Kim , Ovink Sarah M.
Published: June 2014

Immigrants and their children come to the U.S. in search of upward mobility, but in many contexts they experience discrimination and restrictive political climates. Contexts vary widely, however, given the growing number of new immigrant destinations. Past studies tend to focus on what immigrants and their children are (or are not) doing to adapt to local contexts, a focus that strengthens the perception that immigrants are a “problem” group. In this article, we move the debate away from more familiar economic analyses to assess how destination type and exclusionary ordinances, defined as laws that restrict the rights of and services accorded to immigrant groups, influence “subjective” outcomes, including reports of discrimination among Mexican Americans. Our results reveal three main findings that illustrate the importance of local context. First, individuals living in a county with a greater share of co-ethnics report fewer experiences with discrimination. Second, in counties with an exclusionary ordinance, share of co-ethnics increases reports of discrimination. Finally, being born in the U.S. and speaking English do not provide protection from discrimination; rather, such characteristics shield Mexican Americans from discrimination only in contexts with larger shares of co-ethnics.
Lifetime and current prevalence of common DSM-IV mental disorders, their demographic correlates, and association with service utilisation and disability in older Australian adults
Authors: Sunderland Matthew , Anderson Tracy M , Sachdev Perminder S , Titov Nickolai , Andrews Gavin
Published: June 2014

Objective:

To describe lifetime and 12 month prevalence of common DSM-IV mental disorders, their demographic correlates, and association with service utilisation and disability in Australians aged 65–85 years of age.

Methods:

The sample included Australian residents aged 65–85 years who participated in the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being ( n=1905). The prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders was estimated using the lay-interviewer administered World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.

Results:

Eight percent had experienced an affective disorder, 10% an anxiety disorder, and 12% a substance use disorder at some point in their life. Sex, age, and marital status were significant correlates of any lifetime mental disorder. Approximately, 2%, 4%, and 1% of old age respondents met criteria for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders in the past 12 months, respectively. The presence of physical disorder, disability, and greater treatment service use were associated with any mental disorder in the past 12 months. Prevalence of lifetime and 12 month disorders by age band revealed a decrease as age increased.

Conclusions:

A substantial number of community dwelling old age Australians have experienced a mental disorder in their lifetime. Demographic correlates of mental disorder were relatively consistent between lifetime and 12 month prevalence of disorders, although sex made less of an impact and the presence of physical disorders more of an impact in recent disorders. Twelve month prevalence data suggest that a high proportion of old age Australians still experience mental disorders, predominantly anxiety and major depression.