bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying the catalytic activity of DBU and TBD upon water-initiated ROP of ε-caprolactone under different thermodynamic conditions
Authors: Dzienia Andrzej , Maksym Paulina , Hachuła Barbara , Tarnacka Magdalena , Biela Tadeusz , Golba Sylwia , Zięba Andrzej , Chorążewski Mirosław , Kaminski Kamil , Paluch Marian
Published: October 2019

Studies performed revealed that a novel catalytic system for water-initiated ε-CL ROP based on DBU protonation showed enhanced performance under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions.
Sapitinib: reactive intermediates and bioactivation pathways characterized by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Attwa Mohamed W. , Kadi Adnan A.
Published: October 2019

Sapitinib is a competitive ATP inhibitor of EGFR and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (erbB-2). Two cyano and one oxime adducts, and six in vitro metabolites of sapitinib were identified using LC-MS/MS. The bioactivation pathways were characterized.
In situ fabrication of hierarchical biomass carbon-supported Cu@CuO–Al2O3 composite materials: synthesis, properties and adsorption applications
Authors: Dai Hongling , Wang Min , Luo Wendong , Pan Cheng , Hu Fengping , Peng Xiaoming
Published: October 2019

Hierarchical Cu–Al2O3/biomass-activated carbon composites were successfully prepared by entrapping a biomass-activated carbon powder derived from green algae in the Cu–Al2O3 frame (H–Cu–Al/BC) for the removal of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) from aqueous solutions.
Heterogeneous Fenton-like activity of novel metallosalophen magnetic nanocomposites: significant anchoring group effect
Authors: Keikha Narges , Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Jafarpour Maasoumeh
Published: October 2019

Novel magnetically recoverable Fe(iii)- and Mn(iii)salophen complexes were designed for the effective degradation of hazardous organic dyes using a heterogeneous advanced oxidation process.
Epoxy resin composites with commercially available graphene: toward high toughness and rigidity
Authors: Sun Jianxiang , Ji Jingqi , Chen Zhigeng , Liu Shumei , Zhao Jianqing
Published: October 2019

Commercially available graphene was exfoliated into monolayersviaa facile way for application in epoxy resin.
Valence electronic structure of [EMIM][B(CN)4]: ion-pair vs. bulk description
Authors: Kuusik I. , Berholts M. , Kruusma J. , Tõnisoo A. , Lust E. , Nõmmiste E. , Kisand V.
Published: October 2019

The ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum of the [EMIM][B(CN)4] ionic liquid was recorded and simulated using different ab initio ion-pair and bulk calculation methods.
The selective hydrosilylation of norbornadiene-2,5 by monohydrosiloxanes
Authors: Guseva Marina A. , Alentiev Dmitry A. , Bermesheva Evgeniya V. , Zamilatskov Ilya A. , Bermeshev Maxim V.
Published: October 2019

A simple one-step approach for the selective synthesis of exo-norbornenes with organosilicon substituents is suggested through the direct hydrosilylation of norbornadiene-2,5 with chlorine-free silanes.
First total synthesis of ampullosine, a unique isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Sepedonium ampullosporum, and of the related permethylampullosine
Authors: Vargas Didier F. , Larghi Enrique L. , Kaufman Teodoro S.
Published: October 2019

The first total synthesis of ampullosine, a unique isoquinoline isolated from Sepedonium ampullosporum, is reported. The related permethylampullosine was also synthesized.
Reversible temperature-controlled gelation in mixtures of pNIPAM microgels and non-ionic polymer surfactant
Authors: Fussell S. L. , Bayliss K. , Coops C. , Matthews L. , Li W. , Briscoe W. H. , Faers M. A. , Royall C. P. , van Duijneveldt J. S.
Published: October 2019

We investigate the reversible, binary gelation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) microgels in the presence of triblock-copolymer (PEO–PPO–PEO type) surfactant. Confocal microscopy highlights that both polymers are present in the gel network.
Interaction of supramolecular aggregates and the enhanced optical torque on the director in a dye doped nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Pergamenshchik V. M. , Multian V. V. , Gayvoronsky V. Ya. , Uzunova V. A. , Kredentser S. V. , Nazarenko V. G.
Published: October 2019

Based on the experimental evidence of aggregation of dye molecules, the effect of strong enhancement of the light-induced director reorientation in a dye-doped nematic liquid crystal is explained by the interaction of supramolecular aggregates.
Phase separation of mixtures after a second quench: composition heterogeneities
Authors: de Castro Pablo , Sollich Peter
Published: October 2019

Dense mixtures under two-step quenches form patterns of long-lived heterogeneities as crowding delays composition changes.
Interpolymer complexes of poly(sulfonic acid)s and poly(ethylene oxide): an unexpected association
Authors: Maldonado Liliana , Debais Gabriel , Davia Federico , Méndez De Leo Lucila P. , Tagliazucchi Mario
Published: October 2019

Poly(sulfonic acid)s and poly(ethylene oxide) unexpectedly form novel hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes in aqueous solution and on surfaces by layer-by-layer deposition.
Oxygen-assisted stabilization of single-atom Au during photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zeng Lei , Dai Chunhui , Liu Bin , Xue Can
Published: October 2019

Pre-treatment of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) with H2O2 introduces active C–OH groups that can react with HAuCl4 to immobilize single atom Au(i) in the GCN matrix through creating robust Au(i)–O coordination bonds.
A fluorescent nanoparticle probe based on sugar-substituted tetraphenylethene for label-free detection of galectin-3
Authors: Zhang Zhiling , Yu Yong , Zhao Yueyue , Ng Ka Ming
Published: October 2019

An AIE-active nanoparticle probe decorated with galactoside residues is designed and developed for label-free detection of galectin-3 with enhanced specificity, showing promising applications in cancer diagnoses.
A medium-bandgap small molecule donor compatible with both fullerene and unfused-ring nonfullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Chen Xianjie , Ding Xueyan , Zhang Qian , Wang Di , Zhan Lingling , Lu Xinhui , Wu Feifei , Xu Zheng , Qiu Huayu , Chen Wanzhi , Li Chang-Zhi
Published: October 2019

A small molecule donor DRC4TB was designed and synthesized, which worked well with both PC71BM and unfused-ring acceptor HF-PCIC.
A high-performance ultraviolet solar-blind photodetector based on a β-Ga2O3 Schottky photodiode
Authors: Liu Zeng , Wang Xia , Liu Yuanyuan , Guo Daoyou , Li Shan , Yan Zuyong , Tan Chee-Keong , Li Wanjun , Li Peigang , Tang Weihua
Published: October 2019

A high-performance and easily fabricated Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky photodiode was developed for ultraviolet solar-blind detection.
CarR, a MarR-family regulator from Corynebacterium glutamicum, modulated antibiotic and aromatic compound resistance
Authors: Si Meiru , Chen Can , Wei Zengfan , Gong Zhijin , Li GuiZhi , Yao Shumin
Published: October 2019

MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance regulator) proteins are a family of transcriptional regulators that is prevalent in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Understanding the physiological and biochemical function of MarR homologs in C. glutamicum has focused on cysteine oxidation-based redox-sensing and substrate metabolism-involving regulators. In this study, we characterized the stress-related ligand-binding functions of the C. glutamicum MarR-type regulator CarR (C. glutamicum antibiotic-responding regulator). We demonstrate that CarR negatively regulates the expression of the carR (ncgl2886)–uspA (ncgl2887) operon and the adjacent, oppositely oriented gene ncgl2885, encoding the hypothetical deacylase DecE. We also show that CarR directly activates transcription of the ncgl2882–ncgl2884 operon, encoding the peptidoglycan synthesis operon (PSO) located upstream of carR in the opposite orientation. The addition of stress-associated ligands such as penicillin and streptomycin induced carR, uspA, decE, and PSO expression in vivo, as well as attenuated binding of CarR to operator DNA in vitro. Importantly, stress response-induced up-regulation of carR, uspA, and PSO gene expression correlated with cell resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and aromatic compounds. Six highly conserved residues in CarR were found to strongly influence its ligand binding and transcriptional regulatory properties. Collectively, the results indicate that the ligand binding of CarR induces its dissociation from the carR–uspA promoter to derepress carR and uspA transcription. Ligand-free CarR also activates PSO expression, which in turn contributes to C. glutamicum stress resistance. The outcomes indicate that the stress response mechanism of CarR in C. glutamicum occurs via ligand-induced conformational changes to the protein, not via cysteine oxidation-based thiol modifications.
Heat resistance and presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins evaluated by multiplex-PCR of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pasteurized camel milk
Authors: Yehia Hany M. , Ismail Elsayed A. , Hassan Zeinab K. , Al-masoud Abdulrahman H. , Al-Dagal Mosffer M.
Published: October 2019

Milk pasteurization eliminates vegetative pathogenic microorganisms and reduces microorganisms associated with spoilage. Camel milk is a well-accepted, traditionally consumed food in Arab countries. The present study aimed to investigate the microflora of pasteurized camel milk sold in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The heat resistance of the microflora was tested in culture medium and lab-sterilized milk, and its composition was verified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Further verification was performed by using separate specific primers. The identified strain survived heat treatment at 65, 72, 80, 85, and 90°C for 30, 15, 10, 5, and 2 min, respectively. An unanticipated result was obtained when an enterotoxin producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus showed abnormal resistance to heat treatment. The enterotoxin gene within the PCR fragment was identified as enterotoxin C by DNA sequencing. During Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis, the isolated enterotoxin C genes showed >99% similarity to published database sequences of the Staphylococcus aureus strain SAI48 staphylococcal enterotoxin C variant v4 (sec) gene. The decimal reduction value (D-value) at 90°C (D90) was determined after 10 s. This is the first time to report this abnormally heat resistant and enterotoxin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The use of ultra-high temperatures (UHTs) is preferable for reducing or killing bacteria in camel milk, especially if this problem is encountered in many camel milk factories.
Performance and Reliability of a Smartphone Digits-in-Noise Test in the Sound Field
Authors: Brown Lisa , Mahomed-Asmail Faheema , De Sousa Karina C. , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This study compared the speech reception thresholds (SRTs) and test–retest reliability of the smartphone digits-in-noise (DIN) test coupled to various sound-field transducers.

Method

Fifty normal-hearing participants (bilateral pure- tone thresholds 0.5–8kHz ≤ 15dB HL) between the ages of 18 and 25 years (
M
= 20,
SD
= ±1.9) were recruited. The study used a repeated measure counterbalanced Latin square design to compare the SRTs of the smartphone DIN test recorded with earphones, 2 smartphone speakers, and 2 external loudspeakers in a sound booth. Test–retest reliability across sound field conditions was also determined.

Results

Mean SRTs across earphone and different sound field transducers ranged from −11.3 (
SD =
0.8) to −11.7 (
SD =
1.2). SRTs across the 4 different loudspeaker transducers and earphones were not significantly different (
p
> .05) between test and retest sessions.

Conclusion

The smartphone DIN test is reliable and can be conducted using various sound field transducers in a sound booth. To allow home-based testing without earphones, with special application to aided performance for speech-in-noise testing, the smartphone DIN test should be evaluated in home environments.
Assessing Higher Order Language Processing in Long-Term Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Kronenberger William G. , Pisoni David B.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe and explain individual differences in complex/higher order language processing in long-term cochlear implant (CI) users relative to normal-hearing (NH) peers.

Method

Measures of complex/higher order language processing indexed by the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition (CELF-4) Core Language subtests were obtained from 53 long-term (≥ 7 years) CI users aged 9–29 years and 60 NH controls who did not differ in age, gender, or nonverbal IQ. Vocabulary knowledge and fast, automatic language processing (rapid phonological coding, verbal rehearsal speed, and speech intelligibility) were also assessed.

Results

CI users showed weaker performance than NH controls on all CELF-4 Core Language subtests. These differences remained for Formulated Sentences and Recalling Sentences even when vocabulary knowledge was statistically controlled. About 50% of the CI sample scored within the range of the NH sample on Formulated Sentences and Recalling Sentences, while the remaining 50% scored well below the NH sample on these subtests. Vocabulary knowledge, rapid phonological coding, verbal rehearsal speed, and speech intelligibility were more strongly correlated with CELF-4 subtest scores in the CI sample than in the NH sample.

Conclusions

Weaknesses in complex, higher order language processing shown by a subgroup of CI users compared to NH peers may result from delays in fast, automatic processing of language. These at-risk domains of language functioning could serve as targets for novel interventions for deaf children who experience suboptimal spoken language outcomes following cochlear implantation.
Infants and Adults Use Visual Cues to Improve Detection and Discrimination of Speech in Noise
Authors: Lalonde Kaylah , Werner Lynne A.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This study assessed the extent to which 6- to 8.5-month-old infants and 18- to 30-year-old adults detect and discriminate auditory syllables in noise better in the presence of visual speech than in auditory-only conditions. In addition, we examined whether visual cues to the onset and offset of the auditory signal account for this benefit.

Method

Sixty infants and 24 adults were randomly assigned to speech detection or discrimination tasks and were tested using a modified observer-based psychoacoustic procedure. Each participant completed 1–3 conditions: auditory-only, with visual speech, and with a visual signal that only cued the onset and offset of the auditory syllable.

Results

Mixed linear modeling indicated that infants and adults benefited from visual speech on both tasks. Adults relied on the onset–offset cue for detection, but the same cue did not improve their discrimination. The onset–offset cue benefited infants for both detection and discrimination. Whereas the onset–offset cue improved detection similarly for infants and adults, the full visual speech signal benefited infants to a lesser extent than adults on the discrimination task.

Conclusions

These results suggest that infants' use of visual onset–offset cues is mature, but their ability to use more complex visual speech cues is still developing. Additional research is needed to explore differences in audiovisual enhancement (a) of speech discrimination across speech targets and (b) with increasingly complex tasks and stimuli.
Adaptive‐stage rectifier for mm‐scale implants
Authors: Alafghani T. , Mandloi N.K. , Ha S.
Published: October 2019

As the dimensions of neural implants are miniaturised to mm‐scale, wireless powering becomes more challenging. Antenna sizes become smaller, and so does the amplitudes of the received RF signal. More importantly, a meticulous effort is required when multiple implants are placed on the brain under a transmitter, as each implant has a different spatial position from the transmitter coil. In addition, RF power may fluctuate over time. These factors, both effects the coupling coefficient. In this case, rectifiers with a fixed number of stages are limited to a rather narrow operational voltage range, and cannot accommodate such variations. To address this, the authors propose an adaptive‐stage rectifier that changes the number of connected stages by monitoring the final rectifier output voltage using two comparators and a digital block. By doing so, it can generate an output voltage within the targeted voltage range for a much wider RF input voltage range. The authors' design and simulations in 180‐nm CMOS SOI process show that the proposed rectifier is capable of keeping the output voltage within 1–1.7 V for an RF input range from 0.73 to 2 V, which is five times wider than that of conventional rectifiers with three fixed stages.
Simplified implementation of millimetre‐wave zero‐bias detector for an accurate detection in six‐port‐based receivers
Authors: Hannachi C. , Romaric M.E. , Tatu S.O. , Wu K.
Published: October 2019

In this Letter, a simplified design approach for zero‐bias power detectors suited for integration in six‐port receiver architectures is presented. The proposed concept uses the quadrature hybrid coupler as an effective way to improve the input impedance matching and linearity performance. The proposed solution has been experimentally validated through its implementation into a 60 GHz six‐port receiver prototype to investigate its performance in detecting various M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M‐QAM) signals. The obtained measurement results show a high accurate and linear detection responses for all investigated M‐ary QAM modulation techniques (4‐QAM, 16‐QAM, 32‐QAM). The variation in the error rates of the demodulated signals at the adjacent differential outputs is minimal (<1%), and the maximum error rate achieved does not exceed 5%. The obtained precision and linearity performances make the proposed structure highly suitable for the emerging millimetre‐wave six‐port receiver front‐ends.
Efficient calculation of interior scattering from cavities with small modifications
Authors: Chen Xinlei , Liu Xiuqiang , Gu Changqing
Published: October 2019

The analysis of the interior scattering from open cavities with small modifications is an important task in designing a stealthy jet engine. Previous research has shown the magnetic field integral equation with the Kirchhoff approximation can be used to calculate the cavity interior scattering. However, it must repeat the expensive method of moments (MoM) solution even when the cavity is modified only slightly. In this Letter, the efficient method based on the partitioned‐inverse formula and the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula is employed to address this problem. It can avoid the repeated MoM direct solution. We only need to solve the lower‐upper (LU) decomposition of the impedance matrix of the original cavity, and can efficiently derive the solution of the modified cavities via matrix identities without loss of accuracy. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Improved vital signal extraction algorithm for through the wall radar
Authors: Liu Xin , Yan Kun , Yang Guangyao , Ye Shengbo , Fang Guangyou
Published: October 2019

The vital signal extraction remains an on‐going challenge due to the low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of vital signals in real tests. In this Letter, the authors propose a novel vital signal enhancement method using spectral gain instead of the traditional singular value decomposition (SVD) method, which shows excellent performance in the elimination of noise that is in the same frequency band as the vital signal and reducing calculation time. The simulation and experiment have been conducted, and the results indicate that the proposed extraction method outperforms the traditional SVD in output SNR and processing time.
Difference‐equalisation based estimation of timing skew for time‐interleaved ADCs in communication systems
Authors: Li Xin , Gao Bo , Yan Chenggang , Ding Desheng , Wu Jianhui
Published: October 2019

A difference‐equalisation based method is presented to estimate timing skew adaptively in time‐interleaved analogue‐to‐digital converters (ADCs). By digital zero‐crossing detection and calculating the mean of the absolute difference between adjacent sub‐ADC's outputs, the timing mismatch information for each channel can be identified easily. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can estimate timing skew accurately. Furthermore, the proposed method requires far fewer samples to estimation than the previous methods.
Throughput enhancing concatenated codes with a second uncoded implicit stream
Authors: Rezaei Elahe , Fonseka John P.
Published: October 2019

In this Letter, the authors introduce a new class of concatenated codes, throughput enhancing concatenated code 2 (TECC‐2), by extending the TECCs schemes to include a second uncoded implicit stream. It is shown here that TECC‐2 schemes can significantly increase the throughput enhancing capability of TECCs with only a slight increase in complexity. The tradeoff between the low signal to noise ratio performance and throughput expansion of TECC schemes is also studied.
Wideband circularly polarised horn antenna with large aspect ratio for terahertz applications
Authors: Yu Hai‐yang , Yu Junsheng , Yao Yuan , Liu Xiaoming , Chen Xiaodong
Published: October 2019

This Letter proposes a circularly polarised horn antenna with large side length ratio. In virtue of 45° deflection structure and rectangular aperture with large aspect ratio, the proposed antenna achieves wideband circular polarisation radiation in small dimension. The fabrication is made on the prototype of the proposed antenna operating in the range of 220–320 GHz. Both of the measured circular polarisation bandwidth and impedance bandwidth of the designed antenna are 37% (220–320 GHz). This compact wideband circularly polarised antenna can be widely used in terahertz applications.
Exact expectation analysis of the LMS adaptive identification of non‐linear systems
Authors: Lara P. , Igreja F. , Silva T.T.P. , Tarrataca L.D.T.J. , Haddad D.B.
Published: October 2019

Most adaptive filtering schemes employ the tapped‐delay line. In part, such a fact can be explained by the assumption that the plant they intend to estimate is linear. Although such a hypothesis can be reasonable if the input signal is constrained to a certain range, sometimes it may not be valid. In this last case, the performance and stability guarantees provided by stochastic models that presume linearity of the ideal system are no longer valid. This Letter advances an analytic model of the least‐mean‐square (LMS) learning capabilities when the ideal system is not linear, with the additive noise including non‐linear functions of the input samples. The proposed analysis does not assume neither that the excitation signal is statistically independent of the adaptive weights, nor that the additive noise is white and/or independent of input data. Furthermore, it can be applied to non‐Gaussian and/or non‐white input signals. Simulations show that the advanced model is more accurate than traditional approaches.
High‐selective triple‐mode SIW bandpass filter using higher‐order resonant modes
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhou Dongfang , Shi Jian , Hu Tao
Published: October 2019

A novel high‐selective triple‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter using higher‐order resonant modes is proposed in this Letter. The new triple‐mode SIW resonator is realised by the second degenerate dual modes TM210 and one perturbed higher‐order mode TM020 in a circular SIW cavity. The resonance of TM020 mode can be independently moved to that of dual modes TM210 by changing the size of a floating circular patch. The proposed triple‐mode SIW filter can produce three finite‐transmission zeros (FTZs), which can also be controlled well by the angle between two feeding lines. For the demonstration, a triple‐mode SIW filter with the centre frequency of 13.5 GHz was designed, fabricated and measured. The proposed triple‐mode circular SIW filter has the merits of the high‐quality factor, high selectivity and controllable bandwidth as well as FTZs.
Islanding detection scheme for converter‐based DGs with nearly zero non‐detectable zone
Authors: Gupta Om Hari , Tripathy Manoj , Sood Vijay K.
Published: October 2019

This study presents a new method for detecting an islanding event in a microgrid with embedded converter‐based distributed generation (DG). Unlike other schemes, the proposed scheme injects negligible perturbations into the microgrid after the generation of an alert signal. The proposed scheme then uses another index called superimposed impedance, ΔZ. The ΔZ is characterised by a low steady‐state magnitude during the grid‐connected mode and a high magnitude during the islanded mode. Furthermore, for a fault at the point of common coupling (PCC), the magnitudes of ΔZ and PCC voltage are both very low – except during the initial transient period, where |ΔZ | momentarily crosses the threshold. Therefore, an islanding event can be detected if the magnitude of ΔZ is high for some specified time. Moreover, a fault event will not be misdirected as an islanding event because the steady‐state magnitudes of both the ΔZ and PCC voltage are very low in the case of a fault. The robustness of the proposed detection scheme is evaluated against different islanding conditions and also, for a fault at the PCC, first by using MATLAB‐based simulations and later by using a laboratory‐based experimental setup. A comparison with a recently published detection scheme shows the superiority of the proposed schemes.
Reliability evaluation method for AC/DC hybrid distribution power network considering cascaded multiport power electronic transformer
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Haibo , Yu Zhanqing , Zeng Rong
Published: October 2019

With the advantage of high‐power supply capacity, low loss in power transmission and distribution process, strong power flow control ability, direct current (DC) distribution network has been one hotspot of the future distribution network. The cascaded multiport power electronic transformer (PET) has been proposed as key equipment for future distribution grid with multi‐voltage level and alternating current (AC)/DC hybrid feature. Based on the typical topological structure and engineering reliability theory, a reliability evaluation model for PET considering the device redundancy is established. After that, the reliability evaluation method of the AC/DC hybrid distribution network with a cascaded multiport PET is proposed. Finally, case studies are provided in a ‘hand in hand’ AC/DC hybrid power distribution network structure. Case 1 analyses the PET reliability level under different design patterns and the redundancy level. Case 2 gives the reliability evaluation results of the AC/DC hybrid distribution network with PETs, which proves the correctness and validity of the proposed algorithm. Case 3 compares the reliability level of the AC and DC system under different scenarios and proposes the reliability promotion advice for the DC power distribution network.
Research on optimal self‐scheduling horizon for the wind power and large‐scale CAES combined system
Authors: Li Yaowang , Miao Shihong , Yin Binxin , Liu Junyao , Yang Weichen , Zhang Songyan
Published: October 2019

The self‐scheduling horizon is an important schedule parameter in the self‐scheduling problem. A more reasonable self‐scheduling horizon can lead to higher benefits of the wind farm (WF) and large‐scale compressed air energy storage (CAES) combined system. However, very few studies have been reported about the optimisation of self‐scheduling horizon for a WF paired with a CAES plant. In this study, a rolling day‐ahead self‐scheduling framework for a WF and CAES combined system is first proposed. After that, the self‐scheduling horizon optimisation model is developed in the formulation of a bilayer stochastic chance‐constrained optimisation problem. The proposed model is converted into its equivalent deterministic linear formulation and then is solved. Based on the developed model, the impacts of self‐scheduling horizon on the profit of the combined system are analysed. Numerical simulation results indicate that the profit of the combined system increases after using the optimal self‐scheduling horizon, and the profit increment is more obvious with the increase of the CAES's energy storage capacity.
Optimal planning and operation of dispatchable active power resources for islanded multi‐microgrids under decentralised collaborative dispatch framework
Authors: Liu Zehuai , Yi Yingqi , Yang Jiahao , Tang Wenhu , Zhang Yongjun , Xie Xiaoyu , Ji Tianyao
Published: October 2019

As an islanded multi‐microgrid (IMMG) receives little support from the main network, it is necessary to develop new dispatch frameworks to fulfil its real‐time dispatch requirement. Hence, a decentralised collaborative dispatch framework of IMMG based on multi‐agent consensus algorithm is proposed. In the framework, the ttal power command of IMMG can be optimally allocated among all the microgrids (MGs) based on consensus algorithm. Then the power command of each MG can be efficiently allocated among all the dispatchable units based on the proposed priority‐based collaborative dispatch strategy. Based on the decentralised collaborative dispatch framework, in order to optimise the planning and operation of dispatchable active power resources (DAPRs), on one hand, a bi‐level model that couples the planning and operation problems of an IMMG is established to optimise the configuration of DAPR; on the other hand, more detailed models are proposed for the regulation costs of various dispatchable units, which is an improvement over the existing regulation cost model. By considering the two aspects, the consensus algorithm is embedded in multiple population genetic algorithm to solve the bi‐level model. Case studies are conducted on an IMMG consisting of three MGs to examine the effectiveness of the proposed planning and dispatch model.
Improved radiation detection algorithm using wavelet packet decomposition
Authors: Liang Xiaolin , Deng Jianqin , Zhang Shengzhou , Jia Dinghong
Published: October 2019

Easy‐to‐pilot drones are now readily available off the shelf, which have caused many security risks in public due to the unauthorised drones. However, limited works can be achieved to detect the drones, especially under strong interferences. This work considers the detection of drones via utilising a remote sensing algorithm developed in this work to extract the communication signals of the drone. The clutters including the static and/or non‐static noises in the collected communication signals are eliminated based on the effective background suppression algorithm and linear trend suppression technique. Then, principal parts extraction method is utilised to remove the low‐value parts of the radio‐frequency signals, which can also improve via the automatic gain control method. Gaussian noise is suppressed using wavelet transform. Three errors of the acquired estimated frequency estimates from the above algorithms can be utilised to judge whether there are unauthorised drones or not in the monitoring airspace. The obtained detection results indicate the better performance and reliability of the detection algorithm developed in this study.
Identifying ground scatter and ionospheric scatter signals by using their fine structure at Ekaterinburg decametre coherent radar
Authors: Lavygin Ivan A. , Berngardt Oleg I. , Lebedev Valentine P. , Grkovich Konstantin V.
Published: October 2019

The analysis of the scattered signal is carried out in the cases of ground scatter and ionospheric scatter. The analysis is based on the data of the decametre coherent Ekaterinburg radar owned by the Institute of Solar‐Terrestrial physics. In this study, the signals scattered in each sounding run are analysed before their statistical averaging. Based on the analysis, a model is constructed for ionospheric scatter and ground scatter signal, based on previously studied mechanisms. Within the framework of the Bayesian approach and based on large number of the data, the technique for identifying the two types of signals is constructed based on their different nature. The technique works without using traditional methods for estimating scattered signal parameters – spectral width, Doppler drift velocity or ray‐tracing. The statistical analysis of the results is carried out. The total error for equiprobable ground scatter and ionospheric scatter produced by the proposed algorithm over the selected dataset is 6.7%, that is about two times smaller than total error produced by traditional algorithms used at similar radars. The algorithm is functional at signal‐to‐noise ratios >1.
Clutter simulation and characterisation of space‐borne GEO‐LEO radar
Authors: Ding Huihui , Zhang Shunsheng , Wang Wen‐Qin , Zhao Bingji
Published: October 2019

Compared with ground radars, space‐borne bistatic radar shows great advantages in higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and robuster security. Firstly, this study establishes space‐borne geosynchronous satellite‐low orbiting satellite (GEO‐LEO) space–time two‐dimensional model considering the influence of the rotation of the earth together with the curvature of the earth surface. Then the Doppler trajectory distance dependence of the clutter angle is analysed. Finally, the characteristics of the space‐borne GEO‐LEO model are proved to be beneficial to clutter suppression and ground‐moving targets indication. Simulation results show that the space‐borne GEO‐LEO model has good performance.
Ship wake region detection by using multi‐feature recombination and area‐based morphological analysis in ATI‐SAR systems
Authors: Tian Min , Yang Zhiwei , Mao Zhijie , Liao Guisheng
Published: October 2019

For moving ship detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, ship wakes on the sea surface may be detectable, thus leading to interferences in reconnaissance. To address this issue, a wake region detection approach by using multi‐feature recombination and area‐based morphological analysis is proposed with along‐track interferogram‐SAR systems. This approach aims to detect the near‐ship wake region that is nearby a ship's hull and between two kelvin cusp lines. A novel test is constructed by recombining magnitude, phase, and the local variance of phase in the complex multi‐look interferometric SAR image to detect the potential pixels of the ship wakes. Then, with a clustering algorithm based on the proposed test and the pixel spatial distance, the potential wake regions are acquired, and the real ones having sufficiently large areas can be accurately determined. Finally, experimental results on the TerraSAR‐X dataset validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Wavefront feature extraction for SAR target recognition
Authors: Wang Jiping , Wang Kaizhi , Peng Zhiang , Zheng Xingquan
Published: October 2019

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target feature extraction is a key technology for SAR target recognition. The existing SAR feature extraction methods mainly focus on amplitude information of the SAR image in spite of phase information. This study proposes a new feature extraction method introducing from concept of wavefront in optics domain. The Zernike polynomials are utilised to approximate the SAR echo wavefront, and these coefficients of Zernike polynomials are used as a new target feature for aiding SAR target recognition. Moreover, an experiment is carried out to prove that this method is effective about a target consisted of two scatters with different spacing between them.
Using CO line ratios to trace compressed areas in bubble N131
Authors: Zhang Chuan-Peng , Li Guang-Xing , Zhou Chenlin , Yuan Lixia , Zhu Ming
Published: October 2019

Aims. N131 is a typical infrared dust bubble showing an expanding ring-like shell. We study the CO line ratios that can be used to trace the interaction in the expanding bubble.

Methods. We carried out new CO (3–2) observations toward bubble N131 using the 15 m JCMT, and derived line ratios by combining these observations with our previous CO (2–1) and CO (1–0) data from IRAM 30 m observations. To trace the interaction between the molecular gas and the ionized gas in the HII region, we used RADEX to model the dependence of the CO line ratios on kinetic temperature and H2 volume density, and examined the abnormal line ratios based on other simulations.

Results. We present CO (3–2), CO (2–1), and CO (1–0) integrated intensity maps convolved to the same angular resolution (22.5″). The three different CO transition maps show a similar morphology. The line ratios of WCO (3–2)/WCO (2–1) mostly range from 0.2 to 1.2 with a median of 0.54 ± 0.12, while the line ratios of WCO (2–1)/WCO (1–0) range from 0.5 to 1.6 with a median of 0.84 ± 0.15. The high CO line ratios WCO (3–2)/WCO (2–1) ≳ 0.8 and WCO (2–1)/WCO (1–0) ≳ 1.2 are beyond the threshold predicted by numerical simulations based on the assumed density-temperature structure for the inner rims of the ring-like shell, where the compressed areas are located in bubble N131.

Conclusions. These high CO integrated intensity ratios, such as WCO (3–2)/WCO (2–1) ≳ 0.8 and WCO (2–1)/WCO (1–0) ≳ 1.2, can be used as a tracer of gas-compressed regions with a relatively high temperature and density. This further suggests that the non-Gaussian part of the line-ratio distribution can be used to trace the interaction between the molecular gas and the hot gas in the bubble.
Analysis of the electric energy consumption components for mine train traction
Authors: Arpul Serhii , Artemchuk Viktor , Babyak Mykola , Vasilyev Viacheslav , Hetman Hennadii , Marikutsa Serhii
Published: October 2019

The paper considers the issues of reducing the energy intensity of transportation at opencast mining enterprises, the relevance of which has now increased due to the rise in the cost of fuel and energy resources. It presents the study results concerning the cost structure of the electricity consumed by electric mine transport, which form the basis for the development of technical and operational measures to reduce the energy intensity of the transportation process. It is shown that the work to reduce the electricity consumption for mined rock transportation should be aimed at:

Reduction of losses in the power circuits of the traction rolling stock due to the use of more advanced electric rolling stock and regulation of the degree of utilization of the installed traction power;

Introduction of new contact materials for electrical circuits with the lowest possible resistivity, including for current collector plates;

Introduction of measures to reduce energy consumption for power supply of auxiliary circuits;

Development and implementation of rational train control techniques.

The introduction of energy-saving measures should include the development and application of effective methods for calculating individual norms of energy consumption and incentives for energy saving of the employees involved in the organization of the transportation process.
Comparing hydraulic and electromechanical drives by electric motor’s power
Authors: Grigorov Otto , Anishchenko Galyna , Druzhynin Evhen , Strizhak Vsevolod , Strizhak Mariana , Маlashchenkо Volodymyr
Published: October 2019

The authors have made the analysis of energy consumption by positive-displacement hydraulic drive and asynchronous motor with phase rotor in the course of crane mechanisms operation at all stages of motion: acceleration, movement at nominal or intermediate speed, and deceleration. There have been determined and compared equivalent capacities per work cycle for electric and hydraulic drives of crane mechanisms depending on operating conditions group and operation time. There has been justified the decrease of rated capacity of electric motor of crane mechanisms’ hydraulic drive as compared with the case of applying asynchronous motor with phased rotor for the same mechanisms.
Improving the energy efficiency of operation of elements of the structures of the rolling stock by means of surface engineering.
Authors: Kopylov Vyacheslav , Kuzin Oleg , Kuzin Mykola
Published: October 2019

The manufacture of rolling stock components with a given life cycle based on the computerization of all design and production stages is the most promising way to increase the energy efficiency of its operation. The implementation of this approach requires the expansion of the use of technologies that provide parts with a high level of mechanical and operational properties. The state of the surface layers is important in the formation of the reliability parameters of high-loaded parts. The principles of using system approaches for the physical justification of the choice of the optimal modes of engineering grain boundaries depending on the operating conditions of products are presented. New approaches and algorithms have been created that allow quantitative and qualitative studies of the effect of technological treatments and the chemical composition of polycrystals on the strength of grain boundaries and the processes of softening of the boundary zones. Using the developed techniques, the ways to control the energy state of the internal interfaces by doping, microalloying and heat treatment were determined to increase the resistance to brittle fracture and wear of the steels used in the manufacture and repair of rolling stock.
Increasing the efficiency of highly concentrated coal-water fuel based on the simulation of non-Newtonian fluid flow
Authors: Chernetskaya-Beletskaya Nataliya , Rogovyi Andriy , Baranov Igor , Krut Alexander , Miroshnikova Maria , Bragin Nikita
Published: October 2019

The analysis of further prospects for increasing the efficiency of transportation of coal-water fuel in hydro-transport systems of industrial enterprises is carried out. The mathematical model of the spatial three-dimensional flow of coal-water fuel was developed on the basis of SST turbulence model based on the solution of Navier-Stokes equation. As a result of the calculation, the values of pressure loss, flow rate and velocity distribution over the cross section of the pipeline in the straight section and in the turn were determined, which allowed determining the energy consumption during coal-water fuel transportation in the industrial hydro-transport system. The performed studies allowed us to refine the mathematical model of water-coal suspension flow and, thus, improve the patterns of influence of hydro-transportation scheme and parameters of coal-water fuel on energy consumption for its supply to enterprise consumers. By means of mathematical model of non-Newtonian fluids flow, the patterns of influence of hydro-transport system parameters and transportation modes of coal-water fuel on its energy indicators in industrial hydro-transport systems are determined. The obtained results are related to reduction of energy consumption, optimization of enterprise transport network configuration and increase of efficiency of coal-water fuel transportation to enterprise energy facilities.
Resource-Saving Method of Forming Information Infrastructure of Sorting Stations
Authors: Kosolapov Anatolii
Published: October 2019

The paper proposes a resource-saving method of conceptual design of the information infrastructure of railway objects on the example of a distributed computer control system of a marshalling yard. This method allows determining the economically optimal degree of decentralization of the technical structure of the management system.
Analysis of emission tests of electromagnetic disturbances in diesel-electric locomotives
Authors: Białoń Andrzej , Białek Kamil , Wetoszka Patryk
Published: October 2019

This paper discussed the measurement of radiated emissions of electromagnetic disturbances generated by diesel electric locomotive system. The measurement methodology, permissible values of a magnetic and electric field according to EN 50121-3-1 standard during driving and standstill for electric diesel locomotive are presented. The article presents examples of test results and an assessment of the obtained measurement results in the electric and diesel traction according to the applicable requirements.
Analysis of the exhaust emissions from hybrid vehicle during RDE test
Authors: Ziolkowski Andrzej , Daszkiewicz Pawel , Rymaniak Lukasz , Fuc Paweł , Ukleja Pawel
Published: October 2019

The introduction of the Euro 6c emission norm in 2017 resulted in a change of the type approval procedures. The most important of these was the replacement of the NEDC test with WLTC test with different procedures. In addition, the research was extended to include emission tests in real operating conditions (RDE). Such tests are enforced for heavy vehicles since 2014. PEMS apparatus was used for the measurements, which has been used by many research and development centers to carry out exhaust emissions measurements long before the applicable procedures were introduced. The article presents the methodology of conducting RDE measurements in accordance with the requirements defined by the Euro 6c norm. The focus in this case was primarily on the selection of the test route in the Poznań agglomeration. After determining its course, RDE measurements were made for a vehicle with a hybrid drive. The test route parameters have complied with the applicable requirements. All requirements were met and it was possible to analyze the exhaust emissions. The main focus being the determination of exhaust emissions from the entire test and in accordance with the EMROAD method. The CF (Comformity Factor) coefficients were also determined for both methods and compared with the applicable legal values. An analysis of the hybrid drive system operation was carried out, defining the degree of hybridization, which is the portion of the vehicle travel using only the electric motor of the drive system throughout the whole test. All analyzes were carried out in individual sections of the test: urban, rural and motorway.
Atmosphere pollution modeling in the case of accident during rocket propellant transportation by trains
Authors: Biliaiev Mykola , Biliaieva Viktoriia , Kozachyna Vitalii , Berlov Oleksandr , Gunko Olena , Chernyatyeva Kateryna
Published: October 2019

At present time, in Ukraine the intensive development of solid-propellant missiles takes place. These missiles are called «Grim», «Grim-2», etc. Transportation of rocket propellant very often is carried out by trains. In the case of accident during such transportation great amount of toxic chemicals may be emitted into atmosphere. It is very important to predict the atmosphere pollution level near railways transport corridors to obtain the realistic information about the size of possible zones of hitting. To forecast the atmosphere pollution in the case of rocket propellant burning in railway wagon numerical models have been developed. These models are developed to predict the atmosphere pollution in two scales. The first scale is the simulation of the atmosphere pollution near the railway tracks (so called “local scale”). The second scale is the simulation of the atmosphere pollution on the territory which is adjacent to the railway tracks («urban scale»). The forecast is based on the Lagrangian model of toxic chemical dispersion. The models allow also to predict acid rain formation in the case of solid propellant burning products dispersion into atmosphere. To solve the governing equations we used difference schemes of splitting. The results of numerical experiments are presented.