bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi Warhead Multi Shells System (MWMSS) of Missile Defense System
Authors: Ovi Shibu Debnath , Siddika Ayesha , Mondal Rajib
Published: February 2022

This project aims to develop missile systems & systematic analysis of Missile guidance and control. Disclose to some systems which develop limitation and according to a few methods. In this paper, Discussion about this method and we convert this method to algorithm. This system have designed for ensure highly intelligent activists of the missile system. Missile systems depend on software based automatic systems and this software follows some systematic intelligence algorithm. So algorithm & technical steps affect this main Missile guidance & controlling system. Following the Spiral model for the entire project work. Project manager employ of this model for the design, project planning, system implementation and achievement of their project goals. We describe our analysis, problem detection from real phenomena & these problems have solved by new designs & new development analytical systems. We have described our plans and have detected problems for the solution from these phenomena. It works with the Main Missile Guidance and Control System. This is called, Multi Warhead Multi Shell System (MWMSS). In simple terms, have some multiple mini missiles set in big missiles. Main Missile Guidance and Control System works main activities and this MWMSS adds a special advantage.
Smart Solar Data-Logger System
Authors: Haque Md. Niaz Morshedul , Hossain Tamanna
Published: February 2022

This paper depicts the modeling of hardware and software integration of a smart solar-data logger system (SSDLS). It is principally fabricated for Photo Voltaic (PV) module designers, who can gather essential data from these devices and store data in a cloud network. Solar energy is a dependable renewable energy source that is both ecologically efficacious and capable of alleviating the power shortage. For the prototype designing, a 20-watt PV array is used to convert the sunlight to DC. Arduino UNO is used as a controller of this device. The voltage sensor senses the DC voltage, and the temperature sensor senses the temperature of the PV array. Collected essential data is displayed in LCD as well as stored in the memory unit. The real-time clock is used for showing the exact date and time. These essential data can also find in cloud networks. An external DC power supply is added for biasing the Arduino circuit.
Control performance and THD Analysis of SPWM based Three Phase Single Stage Mini Grid Tie Inverter Applications
Authors: Rahman Md. Istianatur
Published: February 2022

Safe energy option can be offered in power system by introducing the concept of distributed generation system that contains grid tie inverter. However, the efficiency and performance is still under research since the control structure is a significant part for this kind of system. A simple modeling and current control strategy has been proposed in this paper for an 11kV mini grid application. First of all the control strategy has been proposed for SPWM single stage inverter by which the DC components of grid current has been minimized. Moreover, the grid voltage and inverter’s output current phase difference has been minimized using PLL and PI controller. And finally Total Harmonic Distortion is calculated which came 2.03%.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Isolated and Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters with Solar PV Array for EVs Application
Authors: Islam Rejaul , Rahman Md. Istianatur
Published: February 2022

Modern day’s power electronics converters are very important for each and every electronic device such as portable devices, cell phones, laptop-computers, electric vehicles, etc. For the Electric Vehicles (EVs) the dc-to-dc converters are the best-suited and essential devices on account of their lightweight, high efficiency, smaller size, and high-power density, bi-directionality, reliability, cost-effectiveness. This paper provides a comparative study on non-isolated and isolated power dc-to-dc converters for EVs in which the main power source is PV (photo-voltaic) array module, in addition, a brief idea about design and calculation of passive components of power dc-to-dc isolated and non-isolated converters both in theoretically, and practically with simulation software. Here all the simulation results are tested by MATLAB simulation software and verified that the multi-phase multi-device interleaved boost dc-dc converter (MDIBC) is the best-suited candidate for both low and high power photo-voltaic based EVs due to their compact size, low cost, reliability, multifunctionality, bi-directionality, high efficiency, etc.
Optimized Search Functionality with Linear Search Algorithm
Authors: Hossain Md. Emran , Hossain Syed Bayazid , Tutul Md. Sha Alam , Nahar Shamsun
Published: February 2022

Linear search is the essential search algorithm used in fact structures. If is likewise called sequential search. Linear search used to discover a specific detail in an array. It is today no longer obligatory to display an array in any order (Ascending or Descending) as in the case of binary search. Linear search initiates advanced with the support of using sequentially scanning the influences within the array and if the detail has been found, if will display the unique detail and the index value of that detail in that array. In this paper we contemporary a unique searching algorithm of modified Linear Search, which is an improved form of linear search algorithm and its created by likening the influences from each termination. We have additionally in comparison the new Linear search set of rules with Linear Search Algorithm. We used a system for implementation and Analysis of time taken with the aid of using each the algorithms. Result shows that Two Way Searching Algorithm is working glowing for all comments standards and it takes lesser time if the detail to be search is after the middle of the array, otherwise it takes same time as if of linear search. Remaining primarily based totally on the linear search and binary search algorithms; one algorithm designed to act on connected linear list.
Tax Footnotes Readability and CEO Narcissism: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Zudana Arfian Erma , Novian Kiddy , Setiawan Rakha Pangestu , Sherlin Sherlin
Published: February 2022

CEO Narcissism has the potency to influence individual characteristics positively or negatively. We aim to examine the relationship between narcissism as CEO-level characteristics and tax footnotes readability. We measure narcissism using the CEOs’ photos on the firms’ annual reports. Using 799 firm-year Indonesia listed firms from 2015 through 2019, we find that higher CEO narcissism is related to a higher tax footnote readability. This result is robust for alternative measures of readability. By examining the relationship between CEO narcissism and tax footnotes readability, we provide an additional important factor to boards for consideration during the CEO selection. We also offer insight for shareholders or investors to consider CEO traits, namely narcissism, in assessing and interpreting tax footnotes readability.
Pengaruh Risiko Environment Social and Governance Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Didalam Indeks IDXESGL)
Authors: Priandhana Fahry
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of ESG risk on the financial performance of companies. The object of this research is companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange and included in the IDXESGL index. The total sample in this study is 24 companies. The independent variable in this research is ESG risk where the data is available and generated from the Indonesian Stock Exchange cooperation with Sustainalytics. The independent variable in this study is the performance of the company represented by the ROA (Return on Asset) obtained by dividing profits by total assets. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression and Microsoft Excel. The results of data analysis show that there is a negative effect of ESG risk on the company's financial performance. Thus, the higher the ESG risk of a company, the financial performance of the company will decrease. However, the effect of ESG risk on a company's financial performance is not significant.
Euler Formula Derivation
Authors: Gazali Wikaria
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses the derivation of Euler's formula. To obtain this model, the writer derives Euler's formula from ex+iy by first finding the norm and argument of ex+iy. In this derivation we substitute the norm and argument of ex+iy on complex numbers in polar coordinates, until we get the derivation of Euler's formula.
Seismic response analysis of tunnel with cavity behind lining
Authors: Wang Dai , Wang Shiyu , Zhang Hai , Liu Zhongxian
Published: February 2022

For the seismic safety of tunnels with cavity behind lining, based on the finite element method, the viscoelastic artificial boundaries are introduced to study the influence of the location of cavity behind lining on the seismic response of tunnel structure under vertically incident SV wave. The analysis results show that the cavity behind the lining has a significant effect on the seismic response of tunnel structure, and the appearance of cavity behind lining will significantly change the dynamic characteristics of tunnel structure; when the incidence frequency of wave is close to the natural vibration frequency of tunnel structure, the lining stress has the largest amplification when the cavity appears behind the vault; Regardless of the cavity location, the maximum of lining stresses always appears at the arched foot, and the vault stress has the largest amplification; Under the Taft wave, the maximum stress 1.642 MPa of lining without cavity appears at the arched foot, and the minimum 0.118MPa at the arched waist, the stress amplification at the vault can reach about 760 %, which is unfavorable to tunnels. In addition, the soil property also has a great influence on the tunnel; the layered site will lead to the obvious change of the seismic wave, hence the geological data should be collected in detail in the seismic design of tunnel. Meanwhile it is proposed that the PE material can be filled back into the cavities behind the tunnel lining to reduce the earthquake damage of tunnels.
Association of park drinking water source characteristics and water intake in San Francisco Bay Area parks
Authors: Ezennia Jeffery , Schmidt Laura A. , Blacker Lauren S. , Vargas Roberto A. , McCulloch Charles E. , Patel Anisha I.
Published: February 2022

Over half of U.S. adults visit parks regularly. Thus, it is important to understand how park drinking water sources affect visitors’ water consumption. In this cross-sectional study of 30 San Francisco Bay Area parks, 4 day-long direct observations of visitors’ drinking water and other beverages were conducted, along with audits of sugar-sweetened beverage access and drinking water source conditions, including flow, appeal, and obstructions. Outcomes were log-transformed to account for skewness, and results were analyzed using mixed-effects regression models to account for matching and clustering by park and observation day. A greater proportion of water sources in low-income parks were unappealing (57.14 vs. 25.00%, P = 0.01) or in a poor condition (69.70 vs. 43.24%, P = 0.03). A lower proportion of visitors drank water from park fountains that were unappealing (−31%), had poor flow (−22%), or had obstructions (−58%) than those without these conditions. Although only obstructions to the source and water intake were significantly related after adjustment, we observed important effects on water intake by water source appeal and flow. As park water source conditions contribute to water intake, cities should consider installing appealing, functional, and easy to access water sources in parks, particularly those in lower-income neighborhoods.
Statistical tools for water quality assessment and monitoring in river ecosystems – a scoping review and recommendations for data analysis
Authors: Schreiber Stefan G. , Schreiber Sanja , Tanna Rajiv N. , Roberts David R. , Arciszewski Tim J.
Published: February 2022

Robust scientific inference is crucial to ensure evidence-based decision making. Accordingly, the selection of appropriate statistical tools and experimental designs is integral to achieve accuracy from data analytical processes. Environmental monitoring of water quality has become increasingly common and widespread as a result of technological advances, leading to an abundance of datasets. We conducted a scoping review of the water quality literature and found that correlation and linear regression are by far the most used statistical tools. However, the accuracy of inferences drawn from ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques depends on a set of assumptions, most prominently: (a) independence among observations, (b) normally distributed errors, (c) equal variances of errors, and (d) balanced designs. Environmental data, however, are often faced with temporal and spatial dependencies, and unbalanced designs, thus making OLS techniques not suitable to provide valid statistical inferences. Generalized least squares (GLS), linear mixed-effect models (LMMs), and generalized linear mixed-effect models (GLMMs), as well as Bayesian data analyses, have been developed to better tackle these problems. Recent progress in the development of statistical software has made these approaches more accessible and user-friendly. We provide a high-level summary and practical guidance for those statistical techniques.
Responsabilidad penal de la empresa y criminal compliance. Aspectos sustantivos y procesales
Authors: Caro John José Antonio , Reaño Peschiera José Leandro
Published: February 2022

Los autores realizan una interpretación de su sentido normativo y los alcances de la responsabilidad penal autónoma de las personas jurídicas junto a los aspectosprocesales relevantes. En el Derecho penal vigente la adecuada implementación y correcta administración de los programas de cumplimiento puede llegar inclusive a eximir de responsabilidad penal a la empresa en el proceso penal como demostración de cumplimiento de la legalidad. Dichas cuestiones son tratadas por los autores en el presente trabajo, con una puntual referencia a la legislación, doctrina y jurisprudencia existente sobre la materia.
Responsabilidad penal del socio fundador por conductas delictivas de los administradores
Authors: Valdivia Reyes Sergio
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo aborda la posible responsabilidad penal del socio fundador por conductas delictivas de los administradores en el ejercicio de la actividad empresarial, resaltando la diferencia existente entre el socio fundador y el administrador de la persona jurídica. Asimismo, se denotan los lineamientos que se deben tener en cuenta para analizar una posible imputación de responsabilidad al socio fundador, debiéndose enmarcar su conducta en dos momentos: i) el socio como fundador de la empresa y ii) el socio fundador en el funcionamiento de la empresa.
Algunos apuntes sobre la deducción de gastos de responsabilidad social para efectos del Impuesto a la Renta
Authors: Albarracín Cabrera Tania
Published: February 2022

En el Perú, existen empresas que, debido a sus actividades, en su mayoría extractivas, necesitan incurrir en una serie de gastos para poder llevar una relación cordial con las poblaciones y comunidades ubicadas en sitios aledaños al lugar donde tales empresas desarrollan sus operaciones y así evitar conflictos sociales que pongan en peligro la actividad de la empresa, así como la seguridad de sus activos y trabajadores. Estos gastos son necesarios para que las empresas puedan lograr su pleno, pacífico, normal y continuo funcionamiento, y por tanto, deben ser considerados como deducibles para efectos del Impuesto a la Renta. En el presente artículo se analizan tres posibles formas o regímenes para lograr esta deducción.
Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sustainable Development of Sme Entities
Authors: Kalinina I. A.
Published: February 2022

In this article the author studies the impact of the pandemic on entities of small and medium entrepreneurship. Topicality of the problem in business is becoming more and more serious due to the spreading pandemic. Every day we can hear experts talking about possible consequences of the pandemic. All of them come to the same conclusion: today’s economy suffers a setback. Full lockdown, self-isolation, numerous restrictions have exerted a serious impact on entrepreneurship. Small and medium business possesses the lowest level of stability as compared with big business, therefore within the period of economic slump it incurs maximum losses. It is necessary to mention the situation with customers and clients. Real incomes of the population are going down and buying capacity is dropping. All these factors influence companies and as a result they lose profits. SME is crucial for the development of the state economic strategy. Protection and support of this sphere shall be a priority for economy.
Managing the Development of Motor Transport Infrastructure with the Help of State-Private Partnership Tools
Authors: Ibyatov F. M.
Published: February 2022

The world rating of the ratio of automobile roads of the highest technical category and the total length of roads places Russia at the end of the first hundred. State began paying attention to the problem of developing the road-transport infrastructure only about 5 years ago, including elaboration and implementation of national and federal projects and allocation of great amounts of money for them. In conditions of finance shortage, especially on the regional level, the necessity to raise private capital to the road-transport industry becomes more and more acute. It could help build more projects, get more benefits and repay investment. The article explains the state interest in using the state-private partnership for founding and developing the road-transport infrastructure. The author identifies tools of state participation, which are used now in road-transport industry in the Russian Federation and proposes the lines of stimulating the state-private partnership development in road-transport industry. Special attention is paid to such key trends of extending forms of interaction between state and business in this sphere as setting up channels of continuous provision of information to concerned people that deals with new technologies and projects, upgrading regional legislation, elaborating programs supporting research and development in road construction, training highly-qualified personnel, etc. The development of road-transport infrastructure can improve accessibility of territories and provide access to global markets, which could foster economic and social effects.
Promotion of Highly-Technological Products of Civil and Double Purpose of the Defense and Industrial Complex of Russia: Challenges, Efficiency and Prospects
Authors: Shvetsov S. A. , Yegorushkina T. N. , Kalinichenko M. P.
Published: February 2022

The article describes characteristics, problems and experience of promoting highly-technological products of civil and double purpose at entities (including enterprises) of the defense and industrial complex of Russia and provides recommendations aimed at increasing efficiency of this trend. The authors identify specific features of promoting highly-technological products of civil and double purpose, analyze key tools of marketing communications used in promotion with due regard to specificities of the target market and products. Promotion strategy for civil products of ‘Tulmashzavod’ was worked out and its efficiency was estimated. By analyzing the empiric material the authors put forward the trends whose development could foster improvement of economic and communication efficiency of promoting highly-technological products of civil and double purpose at home enterprises of the defense and industrial complex.
Trends and Prospects of Founding Start-Up-Unicorns
Authors: Ivanov A. A. , Kulakova E. Yu. , Magomedova G. M.
Published: February 2022

The article studies the most evident examples of fast growing business from start-ups to companies – unicorns, analyzes causes of their quick success and shows key trends of future start-ups. The authors identify trends of realizing business start-ups of future companies – unicorns, among which technological start-ups, fintech start-ups, start-ups in the field of transport, EdTech, medical start-ups, e-commerce. The authors review the most successful companies-unicorns of the new decade of the 21st century. They analyze different lines in business development from electronic on-line platforms for designing on-line games, education services, estimating the efficiency of ad campaigns and marketing analysis to production of grapheme nano-tubes with higher electro-conductivity and strength. The article identifies vectors of companies – unicorn evolution in view of demand for digital products (services, applications) on the part of internet- space market and information technologies, as well as needs of new technology and innovation market, where the major trend is development of unique materials (production). The role of entrepreneurship of new formation (for B2C market) is demonstrated in order to raise comfort, accessibility and ergonomic characteristics of products/services and at the same time to increase their basic functionality for convenience and relative simplicity for users. The article gives examples of home companies – unicorns that grew up from start-ups, whose capitalization exceeds $1bn. The authors study the most popular markets, where a considerable number of companies – unicorns are located and show statistics of successful start-ups of 2020–2021. Start-up trends and requirements to them aimed at attaining the status of successful company with high capitalization were characterized.
Assessing Institutional Readiness of East-Asian Countries to Pass over to Technologies of Hydrogen Power Engineering
Authors: Korneev K. A.
Published: February 2022

Such states of East Asia as China, Japan, the Republic of Korea depend seriously on import of primary power resources. No wonder, they do their best to extend possibilities of renewable power engineering as the industry, which could cut volumes of crude oil, natural gas and coal import and provide higher power independence. The accident at the Fokusima-1 nuclear power station resulted in re-estimation of the place and role of nuclear power stations in the power generation structure not only in Japan. It formed another ground for accelerated introduction of renewable power engineering technologies. Apart from traditional solar and wind power stations we can see brand new solutions, among them the use of hydrogen for power needs. These technologies came into being in the 1960s – 1970s but only in the 2000s and later the acceptable level of security was reached as well as, at least partial commercial efficiency of using hydrogen as a power source in industry, municipal sector and transport. The article provides information about the readiness of formal institutions in the mentioned-above countries to pass over to hydrogen power plants, it also studies the present day investment mechanisms of supporting business in this field. To do this we should analyze the legal base of activity regulation in the sphere of production and consumption of hydrogen for power needs in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea and to compare results attained in this direction. This analysis could estimate a potential niche for Russia as an exporter of power hydrogen. Russia possesses all necessary resources for getting green hydrogen with the help of the hydrolysis method at hydroelectric stations. It is an acute trend as the ecologic situation in East-Asian states is continuously deteriorating.
Current Aspects of Inflation Dynamics in the City of Sevastopol
Authors: Shevchuk I. A. , Bezhan M. V. , Grishchenko O. A. , Rakitina I. S.
Published: February 2022

Periodicals of economic literature thoroughly described the influence on inflation exerted by fluctuations of the national exchange rate and other external factors, which become apparent in imported inflation. The article analyzes and estimates the most important factors stimulating inflation in the city of Sevastopol. As the information base the authors used data of budget administration in Sevastopol in 2016–2020, official statistics and information of the Bank of Russia, as well as works by economists. This analysis helps identify factors exerting steady long-term influence on annual figures of inflation showing key trends in price dynamics in the region. Researching causes of negative impact on inflation processes takes into account the budget channel of regional economy financing, including through social benefits to people, retail crediting and other factors. The method of correlation analysis gives an opportunity to identify the most important acute pro-inflation factors. The findings can be used as extra information to forecast inflation processes in the region with regard to the impact of steady factors, which could improve the quality of forecast and provide price stability in the region.
On the Methodology of Forming an Innovative Rating of Russian Regions
Authors: Gerelishina A. K.
Published: February 2022

The article proposes, when forming innovative ratings of Russian regions, to proceed from the following basic requirement: the rating should reflect the effectiveness of efforts to accelerate economic growth by improving technologies, methods of management and human capital. It is shown that the rating of innovative regions of Russia Associations of Innovative Regions of Russia (AIRR) is a significant factor in the regression describing the rates of economic growth of regions, but its structure is not optimal. Of the four sub-indices of the rating of innovative regions of Russia AIRR, only two are significant, and the optimal combination is not their sum, as in the original formula, but the quotient, which characterizes the cost-effectiveness of innovative activities. The paper discusses the feasibility of using regression analysis in the formation of innovative ratings. From a practical point of view, the results obtained make it possible to form an additional source of information support for the assessment by federal and regional authorities of various options for projects to accelerate economic growth through innovative activity. The proposed methodology based on the use of econometric analysis can be applied to other ratings. This approach will improve the quality of ratings as tools for making economic decisions.
Selenium-containing Peptides and their Biological Applications
Authors: Ahmed Kainat , Ashraf Delawar , Chotana Ghayoor Abbas , Faisal Amir , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Saleem Rahman Shah Zaib
Published: February 2022

Selenium (Se) has been known for its beneficial biological roles for several
years, but interest in this trace element has seen a significant increase in the past couple
of decades. It has been reported to be a part of important bioactive organic compounds,
such as selenoproteins and amino acids, including selenocysteine (SeCys), selenomethionine
(SeMet), selenazolidine (SeAzo), and selenoneine. The traditional Se supplementations
(primarily as selenite and selenomethionine), though have been shown to carry
some benefits, also have associated toxicities, thereby paving the way for the organoselenium
compounds, especially the selenoproteins and peptides (SePs/SePPs) that offer several
health benefits beyond fulfilling the elementary nutritional Se needs. This review
aims to showcase the applications of selenium-containing peptides that have been reported
in recent decades. This article summarizes their bioactivities, including neuroprotective,
antiinflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory
roles. This will offer the readers a sneak peek into the current advancements to invoke
further developments in this emerging research area.
Extended Double Bond Conjugation in the Chalcone Framework Favours MAO-B Inhibition: A Structural Perspective on Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Soliman Mahmoud E.S. , Mathew Bijo , Agoni Clement , Issahaku Abdul Rashid , Khames Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Background:

The monotropic membrane protein monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been shown to be a crucial drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The design of recent inhibitor therapeutic agents of MAO-B involves conjugation and modification of a chalcone scaffold comprising two aryl or heteroaryl rings connected via a short spacer unit with rotatable bonds. Supported by experimental data, these modifications often result in high potent inhibitor compounds.

Method:

In this study, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the impact of extended double bond conjugation in two novel compounds, F1 and MO10, toward the inhibition of the MAO-B protein. It was revealed that extended double bond conjugation induced a unidirectional orientation and motion of F1 and MO10, suggesting a stable binding pocket anchorage favouring high-affinity pocket interactions.

Discussion:

Real-time structural dynamics also revealed that the extended double bond conjugation mediated peculiar interactions with MAO-B binding pocket residues characterized by π-alkyl, π-π stacking, and π-sulphur interactions which buried both compounds into the hydrophobic core of MAO-B and ultimately induced higher binding affinities of both F1 and MO10.

Result::

Conformational analyses also revealed that the incorporated double bond extension impeded the motion of individual binding pocket residues, which subsequently disrupted the functionality of MAO-B.

Conclusion:

These insights present useful structural perspectives of the extended double bond conjugation associated with the experimentally reported enhanced inhibitory activity of F1 and MO10 against MAO-B.
Integrating LASSO Feature Selection and Soft Voting Classifier to Identify
Origins of Replication Sites
Authors: Zhang Shengli , Yao Yingying , Xue Tian
Published: February 2022

Background:

DNA replication plays an indispensable role in the transmission of genetic
information. It is considered to be the basis of biological inheritance and the most fundamental process
in all biological life. Considering that DNA replication initiates with a special location, namely the
origin of replication, a better and accurate prediction of the origins of replication sites (ORIs) is essential
to gain insight into the relationship with gene expression.

Objective:

In this study, we have developed an efficient predictor called iORI-LAVT for ORIs identification.

Methods::

This work focuses on extracting feature information from three aspects, including mononucleotide
encoding, k-mer and ring-function-hydrogen-chemical properties. Subsequently, least absolute
shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) as a feature selection is applied to select the optimal
features. Comparing the different combined soft voting classifiers results, the soft voting classifier
based on GaussianNB and Logistic Regression is employed as the final classifier.

Results:

Based on 10-fold cross-validation test, the prediction accuracies of two benchmark datasets
are 90.39% and 95.96%, respectively. As for the independent dataset, our method achieves high accuracy
of 91.3%.

Conclusion:

Compared with previous predictors, iORI-LAVT outperforms the existing methods. It is
believed that iORI-LAVT predictor is a promising alternative for further research on identifying ORIs.
Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Nootkatone: A Review
Authors: Sahu Bidya Dhar , Jha Ankush Kumar , Gairola Shobhit , Kundu Sourav , Doye Pakpi , Syed Abu Mohammad , Ram Chetan , Kulhari Uttam , Kumar Naresh , Murty Upadhyayula Suryanarayana
Published: February 2022

Plant-based drugs have a significant impact on modern therapeutics due to their vast array of pharmacological activities. The integration of herbal plants in the current healthcare system has emerged as a new field of research. It can be used for the identification of novel lead compound candidates for future drug development. Nootkatone is a sesquiterpene derivative and an isolate of grapefruit. Shreds of evidence illustrate that nootkatone targets few molecular mechanisms to exhibit its pharmacological activity and yet needs more exploration to be established. The current review is related to nootkatone, drafted through a literature search using research articles and books from different sources, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, and Scopus. It has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective. Although preclinical studies in experimental animal models suggest that nootkatone has therapeutic potential, it is further warranted to evaluate its toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters before being applied to humans. Hence in the present review, we have summarized the scientific knowledge on nootkatone with a particular emphasis on its pharmacological properties to encourage researchers for further exploration in preclinical and clinical settings.
The Medicinal Chemistry of Chalcones as Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Agents
Authors: Dos Santos Jean Leandro , Rodríguez-Silva Cristhian N. , Prokopczyk Igor Muccilo
Published: February 2022

Tuberculosis (TB), a highly fatal infectious disease, is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that has inflicted mankind for several centuries. In 2019, the staggering number of new cases reached 10 million resulting in 1.2 million deaths. The emergence of multidrug-resistance- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a global concern that requires the search for novel, effective, and safer short-term therapies. Nowadays, among the few alternatives available to treat resistant-Mtb strains, the majority have limitations, which include drug-drug interactions, long-term treatment, and chronic induced toxicities. Therefore, it is mandatory to develop new anti-Mtb agents to achieve health policy goals to mitigate the disease by 2035. Among the several bioactive anti-Mtb compounds, chalcones have been described as the privileged scaffold useful for drug design. Overall, this review explores and analyzes 37 chalcones that exhibited anti-Mtb activity described in the literature up to April 2021 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) values inferior to 20 μM and selective index superior to 10. In addition, the correlation of some properties for most active compounds was evaluated, and the main targets for these compounds were discussed.
MCM3AP-AS1: A LncRNA Participating in the Tumorigenesis of Cancer Through Multiple Pathways
Authors: Yuan Chengfu , Wang Bei , Chen Jinlan , Lin Chen , Liu Ru , Wang Lu
Published: February 2022

Background:

More and more shreds of evidence show that the occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to the abnormal expression of LncRNA. A large number of experiments have found that overexpression or under-expression of MCM3AP-AS1 can affect the occurrence and development of cancer cells in varying degrees, such as proliferation, invasion, and translocation. Besides, MCM3AP-AS1 may become a promising target for many tumor biotherapies. This article reviews the pathophysiological functions and molecular mechanisms of MCM3AP-AS1 in various tumors.

Methods:

This paper systematically summarizes the published literatures in PubMed. The molecular mechanism of MCM3AP-AS1 in a variety of tumors is reviewed.

Results:

The abnormal expression of MCM3AP-AS1 in different tumors is closely related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration. MCM3AP-AS1 mediates or participates in related signaling pathways to regulate the expression of targeted miRNAs and proteins. MCM3AP-AS1 plays a vital role in tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion:

LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 is a feasible tumor marker and a potential therapeutic target for many kinds of tumors.
Durable Disease-free Survival in a Patient with Metastatic Triple-negative
Breast Cancer Treated with Olaparib Monotherapy
Authors: Wang Xue , Hu Nanlin , Cui Lina , Si Yiran , Yue Jian , Zheng Fangchao , Kang Yikun , Yuan Peng
Published: February 2022

Background:

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has a poor prognosis and
few effective targeted therapy options. Olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor,
has been granted accelerated approval by FDA for patients with deleterious BRCA-mutated human
epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced/metastatic breast cancer. However,
there is little data demonstrating that patients with particular forms of germline and/or somatic
BRCA1/2, such as large fragment variation, can benefit from PARP inhibitors.

Case Presentation:

In 2011, a 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with TNBC having pT2N0M0 in the
right breast, and a new irregular lesser tubercle in the left breast appeared after approximately 3 years,
which was also diagnosed as TNBC. In 2017, computed tomography (CT) showed TNBC metastases
to the lung and brain. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed with a lung metastasis sample,
and results showed a homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score of 67, a germline large
deletion of exon 2 in BRCA1, a novel somatic BRCA2-STARD13 rearrangement and copy number
loss of RAD51. Since September 2017, the patient was treated with olaparib. Till the report date of this
case, the patient underwent regular follow-up without disease recurrence.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first case describing a patient with lung- and brainmetastatic
TNBC with combined germline and somatic large rearrangement and a high HRD score
who achieved a long-term benefit from olaparib monotherapy. The use of NGS is promising in the
treatment of TNBC in clinical practice.
Cancer Vaccine in Cold Tumors: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and
Opportunities
Authors: Rezaei Mahnaz , Danilova Natalia D. , Soltani Mojdeh , Savvateeva Lyudmila V. , Tarasov Vadim V. , Ganjalikhani-Hakemi Mazdak , Bazhin Alexandr V. , Zamyatnin Andrey A.
Published: February 2022

The idea of cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the immune system to fight tumors
without destroying normal cells. One of the anticancer therapy methods, among many, is based on
the use of cancer vaccines that contain tumor antigens in order to induce immune responses against
tumors. However, clinical trials have shown that the use of such vaccines as monotherapy is ineffective
in many cases since they do not cause a strong immune response. Particular tumors are resistant
to immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells, and
hence, they are called cold or non-inflamed tumors. Cold tumors are characterized by a lack of CD8+
T cell infiltration, the presence of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages,
and regulatory T cells. It is very important to determine the stage of the antitumor response that
does not work properly in order to use the right strategy. Applying other therapeutic methods alongside
cancer vaccines can be more rational for cold tumors, which do not provoke the immune system
strongly. Herein, we indicate some combinational therapies that have been used or are in progress for
cold tumor treatment alongside vaccines.
Targeting G-Quadruplex DNA for Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Acharya Pratap Chandra , Debbarma Sumanta
Published: February 2022

The self-association of DNA formed by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding comprises several
layers of four guanine or G-tetrads or G4s. The distinct feature of G4s, such as the G-tetrads and
loops, qualify structure-selective recognition by small molecules and various ligands and can act as
potential anticancer therapeutic molecules. The G4 selective ligands can influence gene expression by
targeting a nucleic acid structure rather than sequence. Telomere G4 can be targeted for cancer treatment
by small molecules inhibiting the telomerase activity, whereas c-MYC is capable of controlling
transcription and can be targeted to influence transcription. The k-RAS is one of the most frequently
encountered oncogenic driver mutations in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. The k-RAS oncogene
plays an important role in acquiring and increasing drug resistance and can also be directly targeted
by small molecules to combat k-RAS mutant tumors. Modular G4 ligands with different functional
groups, side chains, and rotatable bonds, as well as conformation, affect the binding affinity/
selectivity in cancer chemotherapeutic interventions. These modular G4 ligands act by targeting the
diversity of G4 loops and groves and assist in developing more drug-like compounds with selectivity.
In this review, we present the recent research on synthetic G4 DNA-interacting ligands as an approach
towards the discovery of target-specific anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Recent Development in Small Molecules for SARS-CoV-2 and the Opportunity for Fragment-Based Drug Discovery
Authors: Mahato Sujit
Published: February 2022

The ongoing pandemic of Covid-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a major threat to global public health, drawing attention to develop new therapeutics for treatment. Much research work is focused on identifying or repurposing new small molecules to serve as potential inhibitors by interacting with viral or host-cell molecular targets and understanding the nature of the virus in the host cells. Identifying small molecules as potent inhibitors at an early stage is advantageous in developing a molecule with higher potency and then finding a lead compound for the development of drug discovery. Small molecules can show their inhibition property by targeting either the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) enzyme, papain-like protease (PLpro) enzyme, or helicase (Hel), or blocking the spike (S) protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. A very recent outbreak of a new variant (B.1.617.2—termed as Delta variant) of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide posed a greater challenge as it is resistant to clinically undergoing vaccine trials. Thus, the development of new drug molecules is of potential interest to combat SARS-CoV-2 disease, and for that, the fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) approach could be one of the ways to bring out an effective solution. Two cysteine protease enzymes would be an attractive choice of target for fragment-based drug discovery to tune the molecular structure at an early stage with suitable functionality. In this short review, the recent development in small molecules as inhibitors against Covid-19 is discussed, and the opportunity for FBDD is envisioned optimistically to provide an outlook regarding Covid-19 that may pave the way in the direction of the Covid-19 drug development paradigm.
Drug Repurposing for Cancer Therapy in the Era of Precision Medicine
Authors: K.W. To Kenneth , Cho William C.S.
Published: February 2022

Drug repurposing refers to the identification of clinically approved drugs with the known safety profiles and defined pharmacokinetic properties for new indications. Despite the advances in oncology research, cancers are still associated with the most unmet medical needs. Drug repurposing has emerged as a useful approach for the search for effective and durable cancer treatment. It may also represent a promising strategy to facilitate precision cancer treatment and overcome drug resistance. The repurposing of non-cancer drugs for precision oncology effectively extends the inventory of actionable molecular targets and thus increases the number of patients who may benefit from precision cancer treatment. In cancer types where genetic heterogeneity is so high that it is not feasible to identify strong repurposed drug candidates for standard treatment, the precision oncology approach offers individual patients access to novel treatment options. For repurposed candidates with low potency, a combination of multiple repur-posed drugs may produce a synergistic therapeutic effect. Precautions should be taken when combining repurposed drugs with anticancer agents to avoid detrimental drug-drug interactions and unwanted side effects. New multifactorial data analysis and artificial intelligence methods are needed to untangle the complex association of molecular signatures influencing specific cancer subtypes to facilitate drug repur-posing in precision oncology.
Плазмохимическое травление в постростовой технологии фотоэлектрических преобразователей
Authors: Малевская А.В. , Задиранов Ю.М. , Ильинская Н.Д. , Малевский Д.А. , Покровский П.В.
Published: February 2022

Investigation of the heterostructure plasmachemical etching technology for fabricating multi-junction photovoltaic converters has been carried out. The dividing mesa-structure forming stage at different etching regimes and subsequent disturbed layer removing by liquid chemical treatment has been reviewed. The influence of mesa etching methods on cells photovoltaic characteristics has been investigated. Developed was the technology of photovoltaic converters fabrication with low current leakage values less than 10-9 A at voltage less then 1 V with high resistance to degradation.
Влияние сильной низкочастотной волны на распространение слабых ультразвуковых импульсов в стержневом резонаторе из отожженной поликристаллической меди
Authors: Назаров В.Е. , Колпаков А.Б.
Published: February 2022

An experimental study of the effect of a strong low-frequency wave on the propagation of weak ultrasonic pulses in an acoustic resonator made of annealed polycrystalline copper has been carried out. The measurements were carried out with harmonic excitation of the resonator at its first four longitudinal modes in the range from 2 to 15 kHz, the frequency of ultrasonic pulses varied from 65 to 400 kHz. The analysis of the observed nonlinear effects was carried out within the framework of the polycrystal equation of state obtained on the basis of a modified string model of the Granato-Lucke dislocation. The values of the parameters of dissipative and reactive nonlinearity of dislocations in annealed copper are determined.
Измерение и моделирование частичных разрядов в твердых топливах
Authors: Мартемьянов С.М. , Бухаркин А.А.
Published: February 2022

The paper is devoted to the study of the characteristics of partial discharges in solid fossil fuels. The appearance of partial discharges in solid fuels occurs at very low voltages, which are not typical for most dielectrics. The activity of partial discharges leads to the onset of rock breakdown. The characteristics of partial discharges in the oil shale of the Huadan deposit (China), presented in the work, indicate the voltage value at which partial discharges arise and breakdown occurs, and also show how these characteristics depend on voltage. We attempted to explain the low value of the voltage of partial discharges in solid fuels, as well as to substantiate the possibility of using partial discharge characteristics to predict the breakdown of the interelectrode space for use in the technology of in-situ heating and the pyrolysis of solid fuels.