bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The capture of carbonyl sulfide by N‐methyldiethanolamine: A systematic density functional theory investigation
Authors: Xue Jingwen , Liao Rong‐Zhen , Li Jinjin , Cao Yu‐Chen , Zhang Ya‐Qiong
Published: October 2022

In this contribution, the mechanism of carbonyl sulfide (COS) absorption by N‐methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solution was explored via theoretical computations. Detailed reaction mechanisms were analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP‐D3 level of theory. In total, four different pathways for COS absorption by MDEA have been considered. The most favorable pathway for the removal of COS is a three‐step mechanism including the hydrolysis, proton transfer, and dissociation of CO2, and hydrolysis is the rate‐determining step. The mechanisms of the COS absorption by different amines were investigated, and the calculated results suggest that the total energy barrier for the COS absorption by MDEA is comparable to that by monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and diisopropylamine (DIPA), indicating the COS absorption by all the four amines are feasible, while MDEA gives a better performance in terms of thermodynamics.
Atrophic skeletal muscle fibre‐derived small extracellular vesicle miR‐690 inhibits satellite cell differentiation during ageing
Authors: Shao Xiaoyan , Gong Wang , Wang Qianjin , Wang Pu , Shi Tianshu , Mahmut Abdurahman , Qin Jianghui , Yao Yao , Yan Wenjin , Chen Dongyang , Chen Xiang , Jiang Qing , Guo Baosheng
Published: October 2022

Background

Sarcopenia is a common and progressive skeletal muscle disorder characterized by atrophic muscle fibres and contractile dysfunction. Accumulating evidence shows that the number and function of satellite cells (SCs) decline and become impaired during ageing, which may contribute to impaired regenerative capacity. A series of myokines/small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from muscle fibres regulate metabolism in muscle and extramuscular tissues in an autocrine/paracrine/endocrine manner during muscle atrophy. It is still unclear whether myokines/sEVs derived from muscle fibres can affect satellite cell function during ageing.

Methods

Aged mice were used to investigate changes in the myogenic capacity of SCs during ageing‐induced muscle atrophy. The effects of atrophic myotube‐derived sEVs on satellite cell differentiation were investigated by biochemical methods and immunofluorescence staining. Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed sEV microRNAs (miRNAs) between the control myotubes and atrophic myotubes. The target genes of the miRNA were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by luciferase activity assays. The effects of identified miRNA on the myogenic capacity of SCs in vivo were investigated by intramuscular injection of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) to overexpress or silence miRNA in skeletal muscle.

Results

Our study showed that the myogenic capacity of SCs was significantly decreased (50%, n = 6, P < 0.001) in the tibialis anterior muscle of aged mice. We showed that atrophic myotube‐derived sEVs inhibited satellite cell differentiation in vitro (n = 3, P < 0.001) and in vivo (35%, n = 6, P < 0.05). We also found that miR‐690 was the most highly enriched miRNA among all the screened sEV miRNAs in atrophic myotubes [Log2 (Fold Change) = 7, P < 0.001], which was verified in the atrophic muscle of aged mice (threefold, n = 6, P < 0.001) and aged men with mean age of 71 ± 5.27 years (2.8‐fold, n = 10, P < 0.001). MiR‐690 can inhibit myogenic capacity of SCs by targeting myocyte enhancer factor 2, including Mef2a, Mef2c and Mef2d, in vitro (n = 3, P < 0.05) and in vivo (n = 6, P < 0.05). Specific silencing of miR‐690 in the muscle can promote satellite cell differentiation (n = 6, P < 0.001) and alleviate muscle atrophy in aged mice (n = 6, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that atrophic muscle fibre‐derived sEV miR‐690 may inhibit satellite cell differentiation by targeting myocyte enhancer factor 2 during ageing.
Recent tPA administration can cause pseudo‐hyperargininemia and may mimic arginase deficiency or arginine supplementation
Authors: Cusmano‐Ozog Kristina P. , Renck Alicia K. , Tise Christina G.
Published: October 2022

Individuals suspected of or diagnosed with a rare disorder, including inherited metabolic disorders (IMD), often need frequent and/or urgent vascular access for blood draws and treatment, making central indwelling catheters commonly used devices in this patient population. These indwelling catheters are prone to thrombosis, limiting vascular access. This complication is frequently resolved with the use of altepase, a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). This report describes two individuals, one with a known IMD and one undergoing evaluation for an IMD, who were found to have hyperargininemia (>500 μM; reference 10–140 μM) by plasma amino acid (PAA) analysis of a specimen collected ~1.5–3 h after clearance of an indwelling catheter with tPA. In both cases, hyperargininemia resolved with repeat testing, suggesting pseudo‐hyperargininemia secondary to tPA administration. Quantitative amino acid analysis of the administered tPA demonstrated an arginine level of ~200 mM, supporting tPA as the cause of pseudo‐hyperargininemia. Certain formulations of tPA contain high concentrations of arginine, which if not cleared properly can result in marked elevations of arginine, mimicking arginase deficiency or suggesting arginine supplementation. Thus, the possibility of pseudohyperargininemia due to tPA administration should be considered when obtaining PAAs from an indwelling catheter in any individual being evaluated or managed for an IMD.
ε‐Poly‐l‐lysine conjugated gold nanorod probe to monitor antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Manish Kumar , Singh Anant K. , Dunmore Tyren J. , Singh Jagriti
Published: October 2022

Antimicrobial peptides have been demonstrated to display an immediate response to a large set of pathogenic activity against viruses, bacteria, and fungi by virtue of their local binding with phospholipid phosphatidylserines to exert cytotoxic effect. Plasmonic nanostructures are particularly appealing in medical diagnostics and therapeutics owing to their biocompatibility and ease of surface modification. The current article reports a development of ε‐poly‐l‐lysine modified gold nanorod (PLL‐AuNR) Raman‐active system that can be used to target pathogenic bacteria along with rapid monitoring of antimicrobial action from environmental samples. Result indicates a remarkable change in Raman enhancement factor from 1.49 × 104 to 2.17 × 107 after addition of Salmonella, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli bacteria in PLL‐AuNR colloid, enabling a large optical window to monitor the process of pathogenic action. Antimicrobial assay with PLL‐AuNR reveals significantly high cytotoxic values of ~92% in E. coli, ~90% in B. subtilis, and ~87% in Salmonella compared with their respective responses in bare PLL, which shows ~37% in E. coli, ~32% in B. subtilis, and ~27% in Salmonella, which proportionally collaborates with change in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) intensity beyond 10 min of incubation time. Major experimental design parameters and possible mechanism that relates unusual plasmonic enhancement and antimicrobial action of PLL‐AuNR system have also been discussed.
Effect of storage time on chemical compositions, physiological and cooking quality characteristics of different rice types
Authors: Zhu Dawei , Shao Yafang , Fang Changyun , Li Min , Yu Yonghong , Qin Yebo
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Storage affects rice quality significantly. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the chemical composition and in the physiological and cooking quality characteristics of three rice types after 1 year storage at 25 °C.

RESULTS

Two japonica, two indica, and two indica–japonica hybrid rice varieties were selected. After storage, the total starch content decreased. The amylose content of japonica, indica, and indica–japonica hybrid rice increased by 9.63%–11.65%, 2.99%–4.67%, and 8.07%–8.97%, respectively, and the fat content decreased by 60.00%–65.00%, 37.21%–46.51%, and 41.67%–42.42%, respectively. The abscisic acid (ABA) and raffinose content decreased after 1 year's storage; the former decreased gradually during the storage and the latter increased by 19.35%–45.45%, 7.02%–10.77%, and 16.13%–28.13%, respectively, after 4 months’ storage and then decreased to the lowest level after 1 year's storage. The activity of antioxidant enzymes deceased, which resulted in the increases in fatty acid value and malondialdehyde (MDA). The changes in chemical composition after 1 year storage led to the deterioration of rice cooking quality, which was reflected in the decrease in viscosity and increases in gelatinization temperature and cooked rice hardness.

CONCLUSION

After 1 year's storage, the rice chemical composition changed and physiological and cooking quality characteristics decreased. Compared with japonica and indica–japonica hybrid rice, indica rice was more stable during 1 year storage. This may be due to the higher content of ABA and raffinose in fresh rice. Our findings will provide information for the identification and breeding of storable rice cultivars. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dysphagia and QoL 3 Years After Treatment of Oropharyngeal Cancer With TORS or Radiotherapy
Authors: Scott Susanne Irene , Madsen Anne Kathrine Ø. , Rubek Niclas , Charabi Birgitte Wittenborg , Wessel Irene , Jensen Claus V. , Friborg Jeppe , von Buchwald Christian
Published: October 2022

Objective(s)

To investigate dysphagia and quality of life (QoL) outcomes 3 years after treatment of oropharyngeal cancer with either primary trans oral robotic surgery (TORS) or radiotherapy (RT).

Methods

A prospective cohort study conducted at the Copenhagen University Hospital. Endpoints were objective swallowing function, examined using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and video fluoroscopy (VF). QoL was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core (EORTC QLQ‐C30), Head & Neck Module (EORTC QLQ‐HN35), and MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). A comparison was made between 1‐, and 3‐year results.

Results

Forty‐four patients were included prior to treatment, 31 treated with TORS and 13 with RT. One‐year results for this cohort have previously been published (https://doi.org/10.1080/00016489.2020.1836395). Significant improvement on FEES in retention at the piriform sinus was noted in both groups. Patients treated with TORS had improved safety scores as well as dynamic imaging grade of swallowing toxicity (DIGEST) and efficiency scores, whereas patients treated with RT only had improvements in the latter two. Improvement in QoL scores was only noted for patients treated with TORS in composite MDADI scores.

Conclusion

We found significant improvements in objective swallowing function from one to 3 years after treatment, particularly in patients treated with TORS. However, these improvements were not reflected as clinically meaningful improvements in QoL.

Level of Evidence

3, cohort follow‐up study Laryngoscope, 133:1893–1898, 2023
Total Intravenous Anesthesia Versus Inhaled Sevoflurane in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Estephan Leonard E. , Sussman Sarah , Stewart Matthew , Zhan Tingting , Thaler Adam , Boon Maurits , Hunt Patrick , Huntley Colin
Published: October 2022

Objective

Specific guidelines regarding an optimal general anesthesia (GA) approach to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients remain undefined. Literature comparing the efficacy of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and inhalational anesthesia in this population is sparse. We hypothesize that OSA patients receiving TIVA will experience reduced recovery times and other improved post‐surgical outcomes.

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Adult OSA patients undergoing upper airway surgery (hypoglossal nerve stimulation [HNS], nasal, or palate surgery) from February 2020–December 2020 were included. A post‐anesthesia care unit (PACU) nursing survey documented patients' alertness, pain, oxygen supplementation, and postoperative nausea and vomiting from PACU arrival to 2 hours. Perioperative timepoints from the electronic medical record (EMR) and a nurse‐estimated Phase I recovery time were collected.

Results

One hundred eleven patients were included (46 TIVA and 65 inhalational anesthesia). Per EMR‐recorded timepoints, TIVA patients undergoing HNS and palate surgery experienced Phase I Time reductions of 12.5 min (p = 0.042) and 27.5 min (p = 0.016), respectively. Per the PACU survey, TIVA patients undergoing any surgery, HNS, or palate surgery experienced nurse‐estimated Phase I Time reductions of 16.5 min (p = 0.004), 12.5 min (p = 0.031), and 38.5 min (p = 0.024), respectively. Overall, TIVA patients experienced higher alertness and pain ratings, and lower oxygen supplementation requirements from PACU arrival to 30 min (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients with OSA receiving TIVA for GA maintenance during upper airway procedures experienced reduced recovery times and oxygen supplementation requirements, and a more rapid return to alertness. Future work toward developing optimized anesthetic guidelines for OSA patients is merited.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:984–992, 2023
The Grand Caddis hatch of JASM 2022: Trichoptera natural history observations at the Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting in Grand Rapids, Michigan (USA)
Authors: Metcalfe Anya N. , Kurthen Angelika L. , Freedman Jared W. , Orfinger Alexander B.
Published: October 2022

In a stroke of good luck for aquatic scientists and insect enthusiasts, the May 2022 Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting (JASM) in Grand Rapids, Michigan coincided with a spectacular hatch of hydropsychid caddisflies. To estimate density, we enumerated caddisflies on 12 polarized window panels on the western face of the DeVos Place, which faced the Grand River. We found an average of 57.8 caddisflies per 2.0 × 2.3 m window panel (density of 12.6 caddisflies m−2). We observed American robins, swallows, sparrows, and jumping spiders preying and scavenging during the hatch. We also describe here our observations of a novel precopulatory behavior in the species Hydropsyche morosa, which we describe as a “head‐to‐tail” position. We discuss our natural history observations and share thoughts on how conferences can be a springboard for networking and collaborative science, natural history‐focused or otherwise.
MHA's annual report finds treatment access issues, increases in youth MH
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2022

Nearly 30% of adults with a mental illness reported that they were not able to receive the treatment they needed, with most not receiving care because they could not afford it. More than 2.7 million youths experience severe major depression. These are just a couple of key findings from Mental Health America's (MHA's) ninth annual state of mental health report released Oct. 14.
AFSP: Most Americans want to help someone who is suicidal
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2022

A new poll released by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) has found that the majority of Americans are interested in learning how they might be able to play a role in helping someone who may be suicidal. However, in spite of this strong desire to help, respondents are faced with a strong uncertainty about the best way to do so.
On the use of graph neural networks and shape‐function‐based gradient computation in the deep energy method
Authors: He Junyan , Abueidda Diab , Koric Seid , Jasiuk Iwona
Published: October 2022

A graph convolutional network (GCN) is employed in the deep energy method (DEM) model to solve the momentum balance equation in three‐dimensional space for the deformation of linear elastic and hyperelastic materials due to its ability to handle irregular domains over the traditional DEM method based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network. The method's accuracy and solution time are compared to the DEM model based on a MLP network. We demonstrate that the GCN‐based model delivers similar accuracy while having a shorter run time through numerical examples. Two different spatial gradient computation techniques, one based on automatic differentiation (AD) and the other based on shape function (SF) gradients, are also accessed. We provide a simple example to demonstrate the strain localization instability associated with the AD‐based gradient computation and show that the instability exists in more general cases by four numerical examples. The SF‐based gradient computation is shown to be more robust and delivers an accurate solution even at severe deformations. Therefore, the combination of the GCN‐based DEM model and SF‐based gradient computation is potentially a promising candidate for solving problems involving severe material and geometric nonlinearities.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols in Low Melting Mixtures and Water and Use for Telescoped One‐Pot Hybrid Reactions
Authors: Cicco Luciana , Roggio Marianna , López‐Aguilar Marcos , Ramos‐Martín Marina , Perna Filippo Maria , García‐Álvarez Joaquín , Vitale Paola , Capriati Vito
Published: October 2022

An efficient, selective and sustainable protocol was developed for the CuCl2/TEMPO/TMEDA‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of activated alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds using water or the environmentally friendly low melting mixture (LMM) d‐fructose‐urea as the reaction medium. Such oxidation reactions proceed under mild (room temperature or 40 °C) and aerobic conditions, with the carbonyl derivatives isolated in up to 98 % yield and within 4 h reaction time when using the above‐mentioned LMM. The potential application of this methodology is demonstrated by setting up useful telescoped, one‐pot two‐step hybrid transformations for the direct conversion of primary alcohols either into secondary alcohols or into valuable nitroalkenes, by combining oxidation processes with nucleophilic additions promoted by highly polarized organometallic compounds (Grignard and organolithium reagents) or with nitroaldol (Henry) reactions, respectively.
Nano‐Scale Characterization of Particulate Iron Pyrite Morphology in Shale
Authors: Angelidakis Vasileios , Nadimi Sadegh , Garum Mohamed , Hassanpour Ali
Published: October 2022

This study analyzes the morphology of iron pyrite particles within a shale sample captured using nano‐computed tomography (Nano‐CT). The complex, framboidal morphology of the iron pyrite particles is characterized using various metrics, and comparisons are drawn on their effectiveness to quantify their observed morphological characteristics. Then, simplified representations of selected iron pyrite particles are generated to facilitate a sensitivity analysis of the effect of imaging resolution on morphological parameters of particle form. A discussion is developed on the required number of pixels per particle diameter for particle shape characterization. It is shown that shape indices that rely on the simplified main particle dimensions can be accurately calculated even for low fidelity levels of 10 pixels per particle diameter. More complex shape indices that use vertices, volume, and surface area, are more sensitive to image resolution, even for 40 pixels per particle diameter.
Laser‐Scanning Microscopy for Electrophoretic Mobility Characterization of Single Nanoparticles
Authors: Oorlynck Lucas , Ussembayev Yera Ye. , Cid Ingrid Amer , Fraire Juan , Hinnekens Charlotte , Braeckmans Kevin , Strubbe Filip
Published: October 2022

To enable detailed studies of interactions between nanoparticles and their environment and the correlations between various nanoparticle properties, one must go beyond ensemble averages and toward single‐particle measurements. However, current methodologies for the single‐nanoparticle analysis of charge and size either lack the flexibility to study dynamic processes on the single‐particle level or are highly specific and require complex microfluidic devices. In addition, accurate measurements of the electrophoretic mobility (or zeta‐potential) based on the optical detection of single nanoparticles remain challenging due to the low photon budget, the required sampling frequency, and the fact that electroosmosis in typical microfluidic devices must be analyzed carefully. In this study, a method is investigated to accurately characterize the electrophoretic mobility of individual nanoparticles and estimate their size by simultaneously analyzing the electrokinetic‐ and Brownian motion in a simple microfluidic channel. Fast laser scanning excitation and sensitive detection of fluorescent photons enable single‐nanoparticle velocimetry experiments in an oscillating electric field at high frame rates.
Young Adults' Online Sexual Health Information Seeking and Evaluating Skills: Implications for Everyday Life Information Literacy Instruction
Authors: Behre Jane
Published: October 2022

Many young adults (particularly LGBTQ+ young people) often do not receive relevant sexual health information in school‐based health education classes, leaving them with unmet information needs, which they largely go online in order to fulfill. Meanwhile, information literacy instruction is almost exclusively provided to young adults within an academic context; thus, the knowledge and skills they learn may not be easily adapted to everyday life contexts, including health. In order to learn more about this potential mismatch and to identify potential ways in which we might improve information literacy instruction for this population, I conducted an online survey incorporating LGBTQ+ inclusive language. The results suggest that the most popular online health information evaluation strategies amongst young adults may be unreliable and, while this population may understand more reliable methods, they appear to struggle to apply these “academic” information evaluation skills to their everyday life information seeking, thus suggesting the need for improved and updated information literacy instruction that is more broadly applicable to people's everyday life information needs.
Nigerian LIS Academic and Scholarly Publishing Experience: Challenges and the Way Forward
Authors: Obinyan Oluwatoyin O. , Tella Adeyinka
Published: October 2022

The study examined Nigerian Library and Information Science, LIS academics and scholarly publishing experience: challenges and the way forward. A purely qualitative method was adopted using interview as a data collection instrument. The population of study comprised LIS academics from two LIS departments in two universities at the South–south region of Nigeria. Four objectives were developed to guide the study. The results reveal that LIS academics publish mostly for promotion, to improve the knowledge in their chosen discipline, keep themselves abreast of the development in LIS discipline, LIS academics scholarly publication experience range from beginners up to twelve years with publications in various reputable LIS outlets. LIS academics face the challenges of heavy workload, inadequate experience, and lack of knowledge of relevant scholarly publishing outlets, and increasing rate of electronic journals due to advancement in ICT among others. To overcome the challenges, incentives should be provided to motivate LIS academics to engage in scholarly publishing, sponsorship of LIS academics to attend international conference to gain confidence, knowledge and experience on scholarly publishing, allocate money for staff to support their scholarly publishing, a compilation of a unified standard list of journals that should be a guide on where to get published.
Uncovering Black Fantastic: Piloting A Word Feature Analysis and Machine Learning Approach for Genre Classification
Authors: Parulian Nikolaus Nova , Dubnicek Ryan , Worthey Glen , Evans Daniel J. , Walsh John A. , Downie J. Stephen
Published: October 2022

Given the size of digital library collections and the inconsistencies in their genre‐related bibliographic metadata, as digital libraries grow and their contents are opened for computational analysis, finding materials of interest becomes a major challenge. This challenge increases for sub‐genres and other categories of text data that are less distinct from the whole. This project pilots machine learning methods and word feature analysis for identifying Black Fantastic genre texts within the HathiTrust Digital Library. These texts are sometimes referred to as “Afrofuturism” but more commonly today described as “Black Fantastic,” in which African Diaspora artists and creators engage with the intersections of race and technology in their works with a primary focus on world‐building. Black Fantastic texts pose a challenge to genre classification, as they incorporate aspects of science fiction and fantasy with typical characteristics of African Diaspora‐produced literature. This paper presents and reports on results from a pilot predictive modeling process to computationally identify Black Fantastic texts using curated word feature sets for each class of data: general English‐language fiction, Black‐authored fiction, and Black Fantastic fiction.
Resilient Information Science
Authors: de Fremery Wayne , Buckland Michael K. , Le Deuff Olivier
Published: October 2022

An information‐resilient society requires the development of a resilient information science. Three different requirements for resilient information science are identified and a constructive contribution presented for each. First the scope and available resources need to be fully identified. Wayne de Fremery draws on his forthcoming book on the bibliographical foundations of information science to suggest how humanistic forms of bibliography can provide resources that support information science. Second, clarity in concepts and definitions is required. Michael Buckland draws on recent work to bring clarity to the centrally important but notoriously unclear topic of “relevance.” Third, concepts and techniques need to be articulated as new technologies emerge. A presentation on access to the evidence behind the news by Olivier Le Deuff will illustrate how the publication of articles can now be enriched with the publication of related evidence, now a critical need with the rise of fake news. A moderated discussion follows.
Re‐Imagining International Research: Challenges and Approaches
Authors: Matusiak Krystyna K. , Bright Kawanna , Colón‐Aguirre Mónica , Schachter Debbie , Tammaro Anna Maria , VanScoy Amy
Published: October 2022

International research examines the differences and similarities in information processes and phenomena across countries or cultures. International studies are challenging to conduct due to cultural and linguistic barriers, ethical concerns, methodological complexities, and the legacy of the colonial research model. This 90‐minute panel will focus on the ethical and methodological challenges and practical solutions in conducting international research. The panelists will share their experiences from three international studies and will invite the scholarly community to engage critically in discussing methodological issues and ethical concerns in LIS international research.
Researching in Times of Crisis: TowardInformation‐ResilientSocieties
Authors: Radford Marie L. , Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Rorissa Abebe , Ekmekcioglu Cansu , Caidi Nadia
Published: October 2022

This panel features four experts in Library and Information Science (LIS) research who will present findings from major projects conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic from national and international contexts. These include: a) a mixed‐methods study of virtual reference services in academic libraries during the pandemic's beginning, b) semi‐structured interviews with 29 global library leaders about library models that emerged in response to changes caused by the pandemic, c) a questionnaire survey of information professionals from the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) regarding linked data technologies, and d) a mixed‐methods approach to study newcomers and (mis)information during the pandemic including in depth interviews and content and sentiment analyses of social media platforms. The panelists will describe obstacles and challenges encountered during the pandemic, and efforts to overcame these. They will provide an overview of major findings and share research‐based implications for building and maintaining information‐resilient societies.
Platform as Theoretical Framework Rather Than Just Empirical Context: How Information Science Scholars Examine Digital Platforms
Authors: Zhang Mei , Jones Kyle , Zaitsev Anna , Sawyer Steven
Published: October 2022

This panel aims to highlight the importance of digital platforms to information science (IS) and in doing this to help connect IS scholars to the important work from other intellectual communities when conducting studies on platforms. The pervasiveness of digital platforms in our lives has encouraged scholars across multiple disciplines to turn their attention to these socio‐technical arrangements. And, over the past two‐plus decades, scholars have advanced multiple conceptualizations and some initial theorizing about digital platforms. This noted, platform‐oriented literature in IS is less focused, and more importantly, does not connect to the conversations on this topic developed in other intellectual communities. To begin connecting IS scholars with platform scholarship outside of our field, this panel brings together IS scholars who have focused their scholarly attention to studying platforms in order to share their research and discuss how their studies could be inspired by and contribute to the platform literature.
Investigating Open Access Publishing Practices of Early and Mid‐Career Researchers in Humanities and Social Sciences Disciplines
Authors: Ayeni Philips , Willson Rebekah
Published: October 2022

Although open access (OA) to research outputs has been proven to improve research readership, citation, and impact, the uptake of OA in some disciplines has remained low. In this paper, we investigated and compared OA publishing practices of early career and mid‐career researchers in the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (HASS) disciplines in Canada. The descriptive survey design with the use of online questionnaire was employed. Participants were drawn from a group of 15 public research universities via their openly available emails on university websites. Survey data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings show that in the last three years, 74.1% of mid‐career researchers have published in OA journals, compared to 63.1% of early career researchers. However, OA publishing of monographs (21.3%) and conference proceedings (29.9%), as well as the frequency and extent OA publishing remains low among all participants. ANOVA results (F [2, 218] = 3.683, p = .027, 𝜂2 = .033) showed that 3.3% of the variance in researchers' OA publishing frequency can be attributed to their disciplines. Overall, OA publishing among researchers in the HASS disciplines is still low. Hence, there is a need to identify factors that facilitate or hinder HASS researchers' OA publishing.
Health Information Needs of Public Library Leaders during COVID‐19
Authors: Bossaller Jenny , Kohlburn Joe , Cho Hyerim , Moulaison‐Sandy Heather , Adkins Denice
Published: October 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic of 2020–2021, public library leaders across the United States were forced to make decisions quickly that affected the services and resources they were able to provide. However, the health information they had to make decisions on was imperfect and constantly changing. Interviews with 23 public library managers and directors revealed that more authoritative local data was needed for decision‐making and to share with their service populations. Overwhelmed public health system and/or suspicious or skeptical political environments hindered access to locally‐specific health information. Several respondents were uncomfortable creating information or making decisions without the guidance of health officials. Additionally, the library managers and directors described working as crisis managers, making decisions that impacted the health of their staff and their communities. In capturing and analyzing these “pandemic decision‐making stories,” this research informs future library information responses to community needs during times of crisis.
Preliminary Findings from a Scoping Review of Immigrant‐Related Information Poverty Research in LIS
Authors: Ndumu Ana , Mabi Millicent , Oduntan Olubukola
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore connections between immigrant information behaviour and concepts of information poverty. The researchers used the scoping method to examine the immigrant populations, operational definitions, and research methods associated with information poverty. Key findings from this systematic review suggest an overreliance on non‐empirical linkages to information poverty and the need for substantiated knowledge that captures specific immigrant contexts, vulnerabilities, and interventions.
Leader, Socializer or Specialist? Distinguishing Responders with the Cues of Questions
Authors: Wu Qian , Lee Chei Sian , Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian
Published: October 2022

Community question‐answering (CQA) enables responders to select questions, and respond to the questions by answering, commenting or voting. Accordingly, questions with different cues (i.e. complexity, specificity, emotional expressiveness, politeness, popularity, rewards) tend to attract different responders. However, the research is limited regarding the types of responders based on the questions they responded to. The gap inhibits us to form a complete understanding of how questions bridge askers with responders. Moreover, how different types of responders contribute to maintaining the ecosystem of the CQA has not been studied adequately. Accordingly, we conducted an online survey to organize responders by the cues of questions. Cluster analysis was used to group responders into three types: (1) “leaders” respond to complex and popular questions, attracting many followers in CQA; (2) “socializers” answer less complex and specific questions with emotion‐laden words; and (3) “specialists” respond to complex questions with high specificity but seldom use the social functions of CQAs. Finally, contributions and limitations are discussed.
Applying Positive Psychology’s SubjectiveWell‐Beingto Online Interactions
Authors: Delellis Nicole, S. , Kelly Dominique , Liu Yifan , Mayhew Alex , Chen Yimin , Cornwell Sarah, E. , Rubin Victoria, L.
Published: October 2022

This paper outlines the complexity of the psychological construct of individuals' subjective well‐being (SWB) and argues for the importance of examining behaviours and linguistic expression of individuals online social interactions in relation to self‐reported SWB. This paper calls for a systematic review of the psychology research which examines SWB and its association with various character strengths, personality traits, and behaviours. While the Big Five personality traits (OCEAN) have an underlying neuropsychological basis and are considered as universal dimensions of personality along which humans differ one from another, minimal research has attempted to evaluate the relationship between personality traits, SWB, and online interactions.
Transitioning Towards Sustainability: The Information Practices of Sustainable Food Consumers
Authors: Du Xiaotong
Published: October 2022

Sustainability is an emergent topic due to the increased climate and social issues caused by human activities. While sustainability is not a new concept in library and information science, its scope is often limited to library and information systems. This study aims to expand sustainability to human information behavior and practice. This poster reports initial findings from a pilot study in Jan – April 2022. Interviews and photo diaries with 6 sustainable food consumers about their information behaviors and practices were conducted and analyzed using the constructivist grounded theory methodology. We found that participants use sensory and embodied information in assessing the real impact of their sustainable food behaviors, and that this process is essential in the transition to sustainable food behaviors. Participants assess the impact of their transition to sustainable food by comparing information at different times, places, and between actors (individuals and food providers). This research sheds light on the role of time in everyday information use, and demonstrates that sustainability is a fruitful research area in human information behavior and practice.
Uncover Marginalized Narratives of Japanese American Incarceration: An Annotation Scheme for Natural Language Processing and Data Analytics
Authors: Han Yingying , Maganti Roopesh , Chen Jiangping , Chen Haihua
Published: October 2022

Around 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry was forced to remove into internment camps in the United States during World War II. Densho Digital Repository curates a collection of oral histories, which mainly includes 904 filmed interviews about “Japanese American incarceration experience from those who lived it”. This study uses web scraping techniques to collect 904 narrators’ bio information and analyzes their demographic information, including race, age, and location. Nisei counts the most of the Japanese American narrators (78.82% of all narrators). 279 (39.35%) of narrators were minors (born between 1926 and 1942) in the year 1942, when the incarceration happened, with over half of them (58.78%) being teenagers (age between 12 and 17). The majority of narrators (82.09% of the total) are from the west coast, namely, Washington State, Oregon State, or California State. This study also constructs a scheme for incarceration oral history, based on which the incarceration historical texts can be manually or/and automatically processed. The annotation scheme includes seven categories: (1) pre‐war background to the incarceration; (2) government's decision to remove ethnic Japanese; (3) life after removal and during the incarceration; (4) military services; (5) returning of ethnic Japanese after WWII; (6) legal challenges; (7) redress movement.
Nudging Learning Behaviour: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lim Kok Khiang , Lee Chei Sian
Published: October 2022

This review examines nudge intervention in influencing learning behaviours from the context of the information use environment. It was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. Six major databases were searched, and ten studies were included in this review after screening. Overall, the included studies reported beneficial outcomes in the academic settings, but results were mixed as nudge interventions were context‐dependent. To convey course‐related information during the nudge intervention, all the included studies used at least one technique from category A‐Decision Information and most used a secondary technique to enhance or manipulate the intervention. Among the techniques, A1‐Translate Information, A2‐Make Information Visible, and C1‐Provide Reminders were widely used. However, there was no ideal nudge technique or a combination of nudge techniques that were effective across all situations. Nonetheless, this review underscored the importance of incorporating nudge techniques in an informational learning environment that could shape and motivate learners.
Investigating the Relationship between In‐Situ User Expectations and Web Search Behavior
Authors: Wang Ben , Liu Jiqun
Published: October 2022

Pre‐adoption expectations often serve as an implicit reference point in users' evaluation of information systems and are closely associated with their goals of interactions, behaviors, and overall satisfaction. Previous studies have involved simulated user expectation as a feature in user modeling to model biased search actions. However, there is still little direct evidence revealing the relationships between users' expectations and their actual search behaviors. To address the gap, we collected 448 query sessions from participants in a controlled‐lab user expectation study and gathered direct query‐level feedback on their expected information gains (e.g., number of useful pages) and expected search efforts (e.g., clicks and dwell time) under each query. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to explicitly examine the connections between different aspects of in‐situ search expectations and user behaviors. Findings on user expectation advance our understanding of users' search decision‐making and evaluation strategies and will also facilitate the design and evaluation of expectation‐aware user models, metrics, and IR systems.
Parasitic Knowledge Infrastructures: Data Reuse by Anthropogenic Climate Change Skeptics
Authors: Wofford Morgan
Published: October 2022

Stakeholders from academia, industry, funding agencies, and scholarly publishing are increasingly investing in open data partially in the hope that it will democratize science and promote more diverse data reuse. However, fewer studies examine how unconventional communities outside academia and industry use open data. Through an investigative digital ethnography, I observed the data practices of anthropogenic climate change (ACC) skeptics, specifically how they discuss, evaluate, and reuse open data. This poster focuses on the knowledge infrastructure that affords the data practices of ACC skeptics. I argue that ACC skeptics are building a parasitic knowledge infrastructure on the back of the climate science knowledge infrastructure it often seeks to discredit. Understanding the infrastructure that supports skeptics' data reuse can inform how we design policies and infrastructure to actualize open data's promises while minimizing its perils.
Is it Feasible to Use BP Neural Network for Academic Journal Evaluation: an Attempt Based on 6 Single Objective Weighting Methods
Authors: Zhao Rongying , Zhu Weijie , Chen Wenxin
Published: October 2022

In the new era, the analysis of academic journal evaluation methods and the comprehensive comparison of the advantages, disadvantages, and stability of different methods can help to provide some reference for academic journal evaluation. In this study, single model evaluation was carried out for 6 weighting methods without comprehensive evaluation value, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is performed on the results passing the nonparametric test. Based on the evaluation, BP neural network is introduced, and BP neural network evaluation model is established. The results show that the fuzzy Borda evaluation can integrate the evaluation value and evaluation order of single models, and has higher accuracy compared with single evaluation models. The prediction rate of the network model based on the gradient descent optimization algorithm can reach more than 80%, and the weights obtained from the continuous self‐learning of the neural network training set can reduce the subjectivity and mutual interference between indicators.
The Right To Information: An Investigation into the Legal Framework and Implementation in the Philippines
Authors: Perez Paul Jason , Henninger Maureen
Published: October 2022

The citizens' right to access government information, through legislations like the Right to Information (RTI), is now the norm especially in democratic countries. However, the effectiveness of its implementation is still a challenge. This paper investigates the legal framework and the implementation of RTI in the Philippines by examining the Executive Order no. 2 and analysing a sample of 180 RTI requests submitted to the three government agencies with the greatest number of requests. Findings reveal issues on accessibility, FOI literacy, and privacy happening across the three government agencies. We argue that these issues are related to institutional capacity. This paper contributes to the literature examining the implementation of RTI, especially in developing countries.
Epistemicide on the Record: Theorizing Commemorative Injustice and Reimagining Interdisciplinary Discourses in Cultural Information Studies
Authors: Youngman Tyler , Modrow Sebastian , Smith Melissa , Patin Beth
Published: October 2022

Epistemicide refers to knowledge destruction and is perpetuated through epistemic injustices, which are the ways we harm knowers in the process of their epistemological development. Within acts of commemoration, epistemic injustices can influence the prioritization and politicization of memory, thus shaping our shared understandings of cultural heritage. This paper situates epistemicide within discussions of cultural heritage and collective memory by drawing from existing literature on archival silences. This framing allows us to articulate and define commemorative injustices– memorial injustice, performative injustice, and documentary injustice– expanding the previously established epistemicide framework. Naming commemorative injustices promotes the development of a meta‐language to connect related concepts of knowledge destruction, silencing, and absence across disciplines in cultural information studies. While commemorative injustices are not necessarily committed out of individual mal intent, this paper notes that they are byproducts of culturally constructed historical precedents and social norms. Beyond a theoretical expansion, we explore the designation of evidence of cultural heritage as manifestations of information, name enforced archival silences as instances of commemorative injustice, identify how multiple epistemic injustices may act concurrently to inflict harm, and provide critical theory to inform interventions by drawing on examples of epistemic injustice inflicted by U.S. cultural heritage institutions.
Crystallographic Tilt in Aluminum Gallium Nitride Epilayers Grown on Miscut Aluminum Nitride Substrates
Authors: Rathkanthiwar Shashwat , Graziano Milena B. , Tweedie James , Mita Seiji , Kirste Ronny , Collazo Ramon , Sitar Zlatko
Published: October 2022

Heteroepitaxial crystallographic tilt has been investigated as a possible strain‐relief mechanism in Al‐rich (Al>50%) AlGaN heteroepitaxial layers grown on single‐crystal (0001) AlN substrates with varying miscuts from 0.05° to 4.30°. The magnitude of the elastic lattice deformation‐induced tilt increases monotonically with the miscut angle, tightly following the Nagai tilt model. Although tilt angles as high as 0.1° are recorded, reciprocal space mapping (RSM) broadening and wafer bow measurements do not show any significant changes as a function of the heteroepitaxial tilt angle. While crystallographic tilting has been shown to be effective in controlling strain in some other heteroepitaxial systems, it does not provide any appreciable strain relief of the compressive strain in AlGaN/AlN heteroepitaxy.