bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the electromagnetic system of holding the mine in the barrel channel of the gas detonation mortar
Authors: Korytchenko Konstantin , Martynenko Oleg , Kasimov Anatoly , Kirichenko Volodymyr , Prokopenko Vyacheslav
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the results of the study of the electromagnetic system of holding the mine in the bore of the gas detonation mortar. To reduce the time from the detection of the target to its destruction, the use of a gas detonation mortar with a semi-automatic guidance system in the direct line of sight of the target is proposed. This type of mortar will reduce the total time of hitting the target to 2-3 minutes. An analysis of the influence of the magnetic holding of the mine on the operation of the gas detonation mortar was carried out. Holding the mine in the bore during the formation of the gaseous propellant charge allows you to fix the volume of the charge. The electromagnetic mine holding system consists of an electromagnetic coil, a magnetic circuit, a DC source with a commutator. The switch on of the electromagnetic system is carried out immediately before the shot to reduce the heating of the coil. The mine holding force was calculated, on the basis of which the parameters of the mine holding electromagnetic system were substantiated. Based on the results of experimental studies, the dependence of the holding force of the mine on the power supply current of the electromagnetic system was determined. The developed dynamometric measurement system consisted of a piezoelectric force meter with a spring, an electric cylinder and a cable clutch. The pressure when the mine detaches from the electromagnet in the barrel of the gas detonation mortar is estimated. It was found that the power consumed by the electromagnetic system is about 15 W, and with holding forces of 930-980 N, mine extraction will begin at the overpressure of the compressed gas charge, equal to 0.15-0.2 MPa.
Mathematical simulation of combat actions on two encounters using dynamic programming and Wolfram Mathematica package
Authors: Fursenko Oleksandr , Chernovol Nataliya , Antonenko Halyna
Published: April 2024

The work is devoted to the important task of modeling combat operations at various areas of the conflict with the possibility of redistribution of combat resources during the battle. The problem of dynamic programming is formulated with the objective function as a function of the enemy's losses. This function is determined using the system of differential equations of Lanchester in the conditions of "highly organized" combat. In the work, using the Wolfram Mathematica package, a computer implementation of the solution to the problem of finding the optimal number of combat units, which should be distributed by one of the parties at the initial moment of time to the first site of the collision and then transferred from of the first site to the second at some subsequent moment of time with the aim of inflicting maximum losses on the other side (the enemy) at a certain moment of time. Examples of this implementation are given. Conclusions are made based on the sample solutions tables. Firstly, the side having a disadvantage in combat units at the beginning of the battle can destroy a significant part of the enemy due to the optimal distribution of combat units. Secondly, due to the optimal distribution of combat units, it is possible to end the battle by completely destroying the enemy at a certain point of time. The examples have shown the ability of the computers to predict the outcome of the battle at two points of contact. The computer  program can be organized to destroy as much of the enemy’s armory as possible before a certain moment of time, or to destroy it completely at a certain moment of time. The results of this work will be used to solve the more general problem of redistributing combat resources across different areas of the conflict (more than two) at different points in time (more than two). In addition, a similar approach can be used when the battle between the parties is "poorly organized" or is a battle with reinforcements, etc.
What’s the Matter with Elemental Transformation and Animal Generation in Aristotle?
Authors: Peterson Anne
Published: April 2024

The traditional concept of prime matter – a purely potential substratum that persists through substantial change and serves to constitute the generated substance – has played a dwindling part in Aristotelian scholarship over the centuries. In medieval interpretations of Aristotle, prime matter was thought to play these two roles in all substantial changes, not only in changes at the level of the four elements. In more recent centuries, traditional prime matter was relegated only to the context of substantial changes between the four elements. And in the last few decades of Aristotelian scholarship, it has become common either to downplay or even to eliminate prime matter’s role in elemental changes too. I will support the traditional concept of prime matter by showing that it aligns Aristotle’s view of elemental change with one of the central constraints on matter imposed in his Physics to a degree that cannot be achieved on the non-traditional interpretations: the need for matter to be in potentiality in a way that avoids the two problematic extremes of mere persistence, on the one hand, and destruction, on the other. This point will be supported by Aristotle’s rejection of both monism and pluralism in On Generation and Corruption. Second, I will argue that Aristotle calls for precisely the same kind of potentiality in a very different context: his critique of Anaxagoras’s view of matter in the Generation of Animals. Here the very same problematic extremes of mere persistence and destruction that plague the alternate views to traditional prime matter also plague the dominant views on the matter for animal generation. Especially since Aristotle takes living things to be paradigmatic substances, these comparisons suggest that the apparent idiosyncrasies of elemental transformation which have motivated interpreters to depart from traditional prime matter may not be so idiosyncratic after all. And if that is so, it may be that the problem lies not so much with traditional prime matter as with our assumptions about how persistence and constitution work in substantial change according to Aristotle. In the end, this line of argument opens the door to three new potential interpretations of the matter for substantial generation in Aristotle, interpretations which align with his concept of potentiality and – to varying degrees – with traditional prime matter as well.
İnsan sermayesi, müşteri sermayesi ve yapısal sermaye etkinliklerinin işletmelerin karlılıkları üzerine etkisi: BIST100 Endeksi üzerine bir uygulama
Authors: Öztemiz Derya
Published: April 2024

İnsan sermayesi, işletmede çalışanların sahip olduğu bilgi birikimi, yaratıcılık, liderlik becerileri, sorun çözme becerilerini kapsamaktadır. Müşteri sermayesi, işletmenin dış ilişkileri ile ilgili olup, etkileşim sağladığı çevreden elde ettiği bilgileri etkin kullanması ile ilgilidir. Yapısal sermaye ise işletmenin verimliliğini destekleyen donanım, yazılım, veri tabanı organizasyonel yapısı, marka ve patentlerini içermektedir. İnsanların işletmelerde sadece bedenen çalışan kişiler olmadığı, bilgi birikimleri, zihinsel üstünlükleri, müşteriler ile olan ilişkileri, işletme bünyesinde sinerji oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı BIST100 Endeksi’nde yer alan işletmelerin insan sermayesi, müşteri sermayesi ve yapısal sermayesi etkinliklerinin işletmelerin karlılıkları üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada, 2016-2021 yılları arasında Borsa İstanbul 100 Endeksi’nde yer alan işletmelerin verileri kullanılmıştır. Karlılık oranlarının belirlenmesi için çalışmaya aktif karlılık oranı, özsermaye karlılık oranı ve hisse başına kar oranı dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada panel veri analizi kullanılmıştır ve dirençli tahminciler yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, kurumsal derecelendirme notu (KDN) 7’nin üzerinde olan ve 7’nin altında olan işletmeler için ayrı ayrı anlamlı pozitif ve negatif etkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
DEVELOPING PSYCHOLOGY MATHEMATICS LEARNING MODULE WITH VIDEO FOR PRESERVICE TEACHERS IN PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE
Authors: Kurniasari Ika , Milla Yulia Izza El , Yudha Adinda Salshabilla , Auni Anggita , Ismail Ismail , Ekawati Rooselyna
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan materi ajar untuk mata kuliah Psikologi Pembelajaran Matematika (PPM) dengan menggunakan model Plomp. Fokusnya adalah penggunaan modul ajar yang melibatkan video pembelajaran untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan pedagogik mahasiswa calon guru matematika setelah menjalani materi PPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul ajar yang dikembangkan sangat valid, menandakan bahwa pendekatan ini, yang melibatkan video pembelajaran, dapat efektif digunakan dalam konteks pengajaran Psikologi Pembelajaran Matematika. Temuan ini menyoroti keberhasilan integrasi teknologi dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran mata kuliah yang bersifat pedagogis. Penerapan modul ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya pengalaman belajar mahasiswa calon guru matematika, meningkatkan pemahaman mereka terhadap konsep psikologi pembelajaran matematika, dan akhirnya meningkatkan kualitas pengajaran matematika. Kesimpulannya, hasil penelitian ini memberikan landasan yang kokoh untuk implementasi bahan ajar Psikologi Pembelajaran Matematika yang efektif, sambil menunjukkan pentingnya pengembangan lebih lanjut untuk memastikan kesesuaian dan keberlanjutan dalam konteks pembelajaran yang dinamis.
An efficient method for the extraction and the quantitative determination of callose from HLB-affected and healthy citrus
Authors: Bernardini Chiara , Franco Alessandro , Russo Riccardo , Livingston Taylor , Gmitter Frederick G. , Levy Amit , Vashisth Tripti
Published: April 2024

Callose is a 1,3-β glucan responsible for several processes in planta such as cell division, ripening of pollen mother cells, maintaining the plasmodesmata opening, and providing structure to the sieve plates. Besides the physiological roles, callose is deposited during pathogen attacks, forming papillae to prevent pathogen entrance into the tissue or plugging the sieve pores to limit the spread of phloem pathogens. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the putative causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB), is a phloem-restricted pathogen whose infection leads to the production of callose in the phloem. Characterizing the dynamics of callose plugging during HLB is important for understanding the disease, but no published protocols are available for the extraction and quantification of the callose in citrus trees, and quantitative data are limited. Detection of callose by microscopy is time-consuming and expensive and does not give information about the distribution of callose in the entire plant. Here, we present a short protocol for the efficient extraction and quantification of the total callose from citrus plants. We compared different tissues from healthy and CLas-infected plants and identified an increase in callose levels in the midribs, the stems, and the fruit peduncles of infected plants. Callose levels were highest in leaves, especially midribs, compared to stems, roots, and fruit peduncles. This method could be applied to other woody plant species.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Hannemania mite’s relationships with Mexican amphibians in disturbed environments
Authors: Jacinto-Maldonado Mónica , Lesbarrères David , Rebollar Eria A. , Basanta M. Delia , González-Grijalva Belem , Robles-Morúa Agustín , Álvarez-Bajo Osiris , Vizuete-Jaramillo Efraín , Paredes-León Ricardo , Meza-Figueroa Diana
Published: April 2024

The rapid transformation and pollution of ecosystems have severely impacted biodiversity. Specifically, anthropogenic activities have imposed adverse effects on amphibians, with evidence suggesting that these activities alter parasite and pathogen interactions within their hosts. To investigate these interactions in areas affected by different anthropogenic activities, our study focused on analyzing a pathogen and a parasite known to interact within the amphibian skin (spongy epidermis layer) and both compromising amphibian health: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungus responsible for chytridiomycosis, a disease associated with massive population declines in amphibians and the Hannemania sp. mite in Mexico. Four sampling areas along the Sonora River were selected, representing different human activities: mining, livestock, wastewater discharge, agriculture, and one in an urban zone. We analyzed 135 amphibians across 10 anuran species. Among these, the most abundant species (Lithobates yavapaiensis) exhibited the highest prevalence of both pathogen and parasite (90.1% and 27.3%, respectively) and was significantly associated with the intensity of Bd-infection. The prevalence of Hannemania mites varied significantly across sampling sites as did Bd prevalence and infection load, with the highest Bd load found at the wastewater discharge site. A significant association between the intensity of Bd-infection and both mite abundance and amphibian species was observed when the sampling site was considered. Additionally, sites with Bd-positive individuals and Hannemania parasitism coincide with refractory elements characterized by mechanical or corrosion resistance. The persistence of these elements in the environment, along with the small particle size (<850 nm) found in sediments, poses a potential risk of internalization, bioaccumulation (e.g., Fe, Co, and Ti), and their transfer through the food chain. It is thus essential to consider monitoring environmental and biotic factors that modulate the relationships between parasites, pathogens, and amphibians if we are to propose conservation strategies adapted to disturbed environments.
Single molecule studies of dynamic platelet interactions with endothelial cells
Authors: Hauser Fabian , Naderer Christoph , Priglinger Eleni , Peterbauer Anja , Fischer Michael B. , Redl Heinz , Jacak Jaroslaw
Published: April 2024

A biotechnological platform consisting of two-color 3D super-resolution readout and a microfluidic system was developed to investigate platelet interaction with a layer of perfused endothelial cells under flow conditions. Platelet activation has been confirmed via CD62P clustering on the membrane and mitochondrial morphology of ECs at the single cell level were examined using 3D two-color single-molecule localization microscopy and classified applying machine learning. To compare binding of activated platelets to intact or stressed ECs, a femtosecond laser was used to induced damage to single ECs within the perfused endothelial layer. We observed that activated platelets bound to the perfused ECs layer preferentially in the proximity to single stressed ECs. Platelets activated under flow were ∼6 times larger compared to activated ones under static conditions. The CD62P expression indicated more CD62P proteins on membrane of dynamically activated platelets, with a tendency to higher densities at the platelet/EC interface. Platelets activated under static conditions showed a less pronounced CD62P top/bottom asymmetry. The clustering of CD62P in the platelet membrane differs depending on the activation conditions. Our results confirm that nanoscopic analysis using two-color 3D super-resolution technology can be used to assess platelet interaction with a stressed endothelium under dynamic conditions.
A case report of cardiac neuromodulation in a young patient with a third-degree atrioventricular block
Authors: Valenti Noemi , Di Monaco Antonio , Romanazzi Imma , Vitulano Nicola , Troisi Federica , Quadrini Federico , Grimaldi Massimo
Published: April 2024

Background

There are some functional bradyarrhythmias that are caused by a dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, for which a therapeutic strategy of cardioneuroablation (CNA) is conceivable.

Case summary

In this study, we report the case of a 19-year-old woman with a non-congenital third-degree atrioventricular block (AVB), symptomatic for lipothymia and dyspnea caused by mild exertion. She had a structurally normal heart and no other comorbidities. The atropine test and the exercise stress test documented a sinus tachycardia at 190 bpm with a 2:1 AVB, a narrow QRS, and an atrioventricular conduction of 1:1 until reaching a sinus rhythm rate of 90 bpm. She underwent the CNA procedure, which targeted the inferior paraseptal ganglion plexus, with a gradual change in the ECG levels recorded during the radiofrequency delivery from a third-degree AVB to a first-degree AVB. After the procedure, we observed a complete regression of the third-degree AVB, with evidence of only a first-degree AVB and a complete regression of symptoms until the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusions

Although not yet included in current guidelines, the CNA procedure could be used to treat AV node dysfunction in young subjects, as it could represent an alternative to pacemaker implantation. However, more randomized studies are needed to assess the long-term efficacy of this promising technique.
Using games to ignite teens’ civic and social and emotional learning
Authors: Rivers Susan E. , Bertoli Michelle C.
Published: April 2024

National trends indicate a pressing need for more impactful civic and history instruction in U.S. secondary education settings. To address this need, we developed an innovative, game-based curriculum, called iThrive Sim, that uses tech-supported role-plays and evidence-based civic and social and emotional learning practices to support high school students in engaging with and comprehending civic and history texts and concepts while developing their social and emotional skills. In this article we describe the need, rationale, and co-design process for this game-based curriculum, its theoretical underpinnings, and its advantages for adolescent learners. We review preliminary pilot and playtesting data that demonstrate initial support for its efficacy and feasibility. Finally, we discuss barriers and additional enhancements and supports that could aid in confirming efficacy and scaling the approach.
Pre-service teachers’ knowledge about classroom management from university studies and own schooling experiences—content and effects of their activation
Authors: Baier-Mosch Franziska , Kunter Mareike
Published: April 2024

We investigated two sources of classroom management knowledge in 93 pre-service teachers. The first research question focused on knowledge from university studies, which is thought to be evidence-based knowledge, and whether its use for problem solving in the classroom can be fostered by means of knowledge activation. The experiment showed that knowledge activation did not lead to higher use of knowledge from university studies and better problem solving. The second research question focused on knowledge from own schooling experiences and its content as compared to knowledge from university studies. The pre-service teachers’ knowledge from own schooling was strongly focused on simple reactive strategies, only as compared to knowledge from university studies.
Gestational and neonatal outcomes of women with partial Dunnigan lipodystrophy
Authors: Valerio Cynthia M. , Muniz Raquel Beatriz Gonçalves , Viola Luiz F. , Bartzen Pereira Gabriela , Moreira Rodrigo Oliveira , de Sousa Berriel Marise Ribeiro , Montenegro Júnior Renan Magalhães , Godoy-Matos Amélio F. , Zajdenverg Lenita
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Lipodystrophies are a group of disorders characterized by selective and variable loss of adipose tissue, which can result in an increased risk of insulin resistance and its associated complications. Women with lipodystrophy often have a high frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and may experience gynecological and obstetric complications. The objective of this study was to describe the gestational outcomes of patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) at a reference center with the aim of improving the understanding and management of pregnant women affected by this condition.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of data obtained from questionnaires regarding past pregnancies and a review of medical records from the beginning of follow-up in outpatient clinics.

Results

All women diagnosed with FPLD2 who had previously become pregnant were included in this study (n=8). The women in the study experienced pregnancies between the ages of 14 and 38 years, with an average of 1.75 children per woman. The pregnancies in question were either the result of successful conception within 12 months of attempting to conceive or unplanned pregnancies. During pregnancy, two women (25%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one (12.5%) with gestational hypothyroidism, and one (12.5%) with preeclampsia. Among the 17 pregnancies, two miscarriages (11.8%) occurred, and five cases (29.4%) of macrosomia were observed. Four instances of premature birth and an equal number of neonatal hypoglycemia cases were recorded. The reported neonatal complications included an unspecified malformation, respiratory infection, and two neonatal deaths related to heart malformation and respiratory distress syndrome.

Conclusion

Our data showed a high frequency of fetal complications in women with FPLD2. However, no instances of infertility or prolonged attempts to conceive have been reported, highlighting the significance of employing effective contraception strategies to plan pregnancies at optimal times for managing metabolic comorbidities.
Energy-based break-even transportation distance of biomass feedstocks
Authors: Tumuluru J. S. , Igathinathane C. , Archer D. , McCulloch R.
Published: April 2024

The distance a solid biomass feedstock could be used to transport the feedstock when used as biobased fuel is critical information for transportation analysis. However, this information is not available. The break-even transportation distance (BTD) of various fuels from biomass feedstocks and fossil sources was analyzed for truck, rail, and ship transport modes based on bulk density, moisture content, and specific energy. Fourteen different biomass feedstocks, such as crop residues (e.g., corn stover), woody biomass (e.g., wood chips), including thermally pretreated (torrefied) and densified forms (pellets), cattle feedlot compost, and three standard fossil fuels, namely, coal, lignite, and diesel, were considered for BTD analysis and comparison. The BTD values were derived by comparing the energy content of biomass feedstocks with the energy expended in transporting the fuels through selected transportation modes. For ready reference, an alternative derivation of BTD equations and example calculations were also presented. Among the biomass feedstocks, torrefied pellets had the highest BTD (4.16 × 104, 12.47 × 104, and 54.14 × 104 km), and cattle feedlot compost had the lowest BTD (1.29 × 104, 3.88 × 104, and 9.23 × 104 km), respectively, for truck, rail, and ship. Higher bulk density and higher specific energy of the biomass feedstocks increased the BTD for all modes of transport. Transport is most efficient when mass-limited. Biomass feedstock bulk densities where transportation becomes mass-limited are 223, 1,480, and 656 kg/m3 for truck, rail, and ship, respectively. Truck transport is typically mass-limited (payload limit restriction; increased BTD), whereas rail transport is entirely volume-limited (cargo space restriction; decreased BTD), and ship transport is mostly volume-limited for biomass feedstocks and mass-limited for densified biomass feedstocks. Ship transport is the most efficient, followed by rail and truck; on average for the materials (17) studied, rail is 3.1 times and ship is 9.2 times the truckâs BTD. Based on the bulk density and higher specific energy of the biomass feedstocks, regardless of the refinery location, interstate truck transport of these feedstocks is not a limiting factor in the bio-refining process., with the studied biomass feedstock BTD per truckload representing between 0.89 and 2.88 times the US perimeter.
Donor whole blood DNA methylation is not a strong predictor of acute graft versus host disease in unrelated donor allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Webster Amy P. , Ecker Simone , Moghul Ismail , Liu Xiaohong , Dhami Pawan , Marzi Sarah , Paul Dirk S. , Kuxhausen Michelle , Lee Stephanie J. , Spellman Stephen R. , Wang Tao , Feber Andrew , Rakyan Vardhman , Peggs Karl S. , Beck Stephan
Published: April 2024

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is used to treat many blood-based disorders and malignancies, however it can also result in serious adverse events, such as the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). This study aimed to develop a donor-specific epigenetic classifier to reduce incidence of aGVHD by improving donor selection. Genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed in a discovery cohort of 288 HCT donors selected based on recipient aGVHD outcome; this cohort consisted of 144 cases with aGVHD grades III-IV and 144 controls with no aGVHD. We applied a machine learning algorithm to identify CpG sites predictive of aGVHD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of these sites resulted in a classifier with an encouraging area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.91. To test this classifier, we used an independent validation cohort (n = 288) selected using the same criteria as the discovery cohort. Attempts to validate the classifier failed with the AUC falling to 0.51. These results indicate that donor DNA methylation may not be a suitable predictor of aGVHD in an HCT setting involving unrelated donors, despite the initial promising results in the discovery cohort. Our work highlights the importance of independent validation of machine learning classifiers, particularly when developing classifiers intended for clinical use.
Development of a nomogram for membranous nephropathy prediction in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a 6-year retrospective study
Authors: Guo Lihui , Zhao Shan , Liu Xudong
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Nephritis is a life-threatening complication of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), with membranous nephropathy (MN) being prevalent. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for MN diagnosis, but it is invasive and cannot be repeatedly performed. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for the prediction of MN in patients with pSS.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with pSS admitted to the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University between January 2015 and January 2021. A nomogram was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Bootstrap resampling analysis (1,000 times) was performed to evaluate the nomogram for discrimination and the calibration curve for consistency.

Results

A total of 237 patients with pSS [aged 53.00 (44.00, 61.00) years] were included, with 35 pSS–MN patients. Based on clinical practice and multivariable logistic regression analysis, seven variables associated with pSS–MN were selected, including white blood cells, creatine, complement 3, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, anti-SSA antibody, and interstitial lung disease. The area under the ROC curve was 0.860 (95% confidence interval: 0.796–0.919), indicating good predictive power. In addition, the nomogram exhibited excellent performance, as demonstrated by the calibration curve and decision curve analysis.

Conclusion

This study developed a risk prediction nomogram for MN in patients with pSS, with high predictive power. It may be used to improve the management of patients with pSS.
Early B cell transcriptomic markers of measles-specific humoral immunity following a 3rd dose of MMR vaccine
Authors: Haralambieva Iana H. , Chen Jun , Quach Huy Quang , Ratishvili Tamar , Warner Nathaniel D. , Ovsyannikova Inna G. , Poland Gregory A. , Kennedy Richard B.
Published: April 2024

B cell transcriptomic signatures hold promise for the early prediction of vaccine-induced humoral immunity and vaccine protective efficacy. We performed a longitudinal study in 232 healthy adult participants before/after a 3rd dose of MMR (MMR3) vaccine. We assessed baseline and early transcriptional patterns in purified B cells and their association with measles-specific humoral immunity after MMR vaccination using two analytical methods (“per gene” linear models and joint analysis). Our study identified distinct early transcriptional signatures/genes following MMR3 that were associated with measles-specific neutralizing antibody titer and/or binding antibody titer. The most significant genes included: the interleukin 20 receptor subunit beta/IL20RB gene (a subunit receptor for IL-24, a cytokine involved in the germinal center B cell maturation/response); the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1/PMAIP1, the brain expressed X-linked 2/BEX2 gene and the B cell Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule/FAIM, involved in the selection of high-affinity B cell clones and apoptosis/regulation of apoptosis; as well as IL16 (encoding the B lymphocyte-derived IL-16 ligand of CD4), involved in the crosstalk between B cells, dendritic cells and helper T cells. Significantly enriched pathways included B cell signaling, apoptosis/regulation of apoptosis, metabolic pathways, cell cycle-related pathways, and pathways associated with viral infections, among others. In conclusion, our study identified genes/pathways linked to antigen-induced B cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and clonal selection, that are associated with, and impact measles virus-specific humoral immunity after MMR vaccination.
Case report: A successful clinical experience of transplantation of liver and kidney from a donor with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Huang Kang , Zhang Qiuyan , Wu Sanyun , Zhou Lihua , Liang Wenjin , Hu Xiaoyan , Ye Shaojun , Zhou Wei
Published: April 2024

With a shortage of organs for transplant, the use of marginal donors can be an effective measure to meet the shortfall. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are considered an absolute contraindication for organ donation because of the high invasive potential. Currently, organ transplantation from donors with a past history of MDS has not been reported. In this paper, we report the successful clinical experience of one liver transplantation and two kidney transplantations, with organs donated by a 39-year-old patient diagnosed with a past history of MDS following intracranial hemorrhage. Four and a half years after transplantation, the three recipients are all doing well. However, it is still not clear to what extent organs donated by patients with a past history of MDS can be safely transplanted. This report provides support for the careful use of marginal donors. With effective treatment and full peer assessment, livers and kidneys from donors with a past history of MDS may be safely transplanted.
War feels less horrid in a foreign accent: exploring the impact of the foreign accent on emotionality
Authors: Bazzi Luca , Brouwer Susanne , Khan Zoha Nisar , Verdonschot Rinus G. , Foucart Alice
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The processing of a foreign accent is known to increase cognitive load for the native listener, establish psychological distance with the foreign-accented speaker, and even influence decision-making. Similarly, research in the field of emotional processing indicates that a foreign accent may impact the native listener's emotionality. Taking these aspects into consideration, the current study aimed to confirm the hypothesis that a foreign accent, compared to a native accent, significantly affects the processing of affective-laden words.

Methods

In order to test this hypothesis, native Spanish speakers participated in an online experiment in which they rated on a Likert scale the valence and arousal of positive, neutral and negative words presented in native and foreign accents.

Results

Results confirm a foreign accent effect on emotional processing whereby positively valenced words are perceived as less positive and negatively valenced words as less negative when processed in a foreign accent compared to a native accent. Moreover, the arousal provoked by emotion words is lesser when words are processed in a foreign than a native accent.

Discussion

We propose possible, not mutually exclusive, explanations for the effect based on linguistic fluency, language attitudes and the linguistic context of language acquisition. Although further research is needed to confirm them, these explanations may be relevant for models of language comprehension and language learning. The observation of a reduction in emotionality resulting from a foreign accent is important for society as important decisions are made by representatives with diverse language and accent backgrounds. Our findings demonstrate that the choice of the language, which entails speaking in a native or a foreign accent, can be crucial when discussing topics such as the consequences of wars, pandemics, or natural disasters on human beings.
Best practices for Core Argo floats - Part 2: physical handling, deployment and metadata considerations
Authors: Morris Tamaryn , Scanderbeg Megan , West-Mack Deborah , Gourcuff Claire , Poffa Noé , Udaya Bhaskar Tata V. S. , Hanstein Craig , Diggs Steve , Talley Lynne , Turpin Victor , Liu Zenghong , Owens Breck
Published: April 2024

Following on from Part 1: Best Practices for Core Argo floats - Getting started and data considerations, we present Part 2: Best Practices for Core Argo floats in terms of physical handling and deployments and recommended metadata parameters. The objective is to encourage new and developing scientists, research teams and institutions to contribute to the OneArgo Program through increased deployments regionally, specifically to the Core Argo mission. Only by leveraging sustained contributions of current Core Argo float groups with new and emerging Argo teams and users, can the OneArgo initiative be realized. This paper makes involvement with the Core Argo mission smoother by providing a framework endorsed by a wide community for these observations.
Residual radiological opacities correlate with disease outcomes in ICU-treated COVID-19
Authors: Björnson Mikael , Svensson Ann Mari , He Cecilia , Sköld Magnus , Nyrén Sven , Nygren-Bonnier Malin , Bruchfeld Judith , Runold Michael , Jalde Francesca Campoccia , Kistner Anna
Published: April 2024

Background

Few studies consider both radiological and functional outcomes in COVID-19 survivors treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). We investigated clinical findings and pulmonary abnormalities on chest computed tomography (CT) and compared outcomes of severe versus mild-moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on long-term follow-up.

Methods

This longitudinal cohort study included 118 COVID-19 patients (median age, 58 years; 79% men). Thoracic CT scans were performed 4, 10, and 22 months after hospital discharge. Two independent blinded radiologists analyzed the 10 months scans and scored the radiology findings semi-quantitatively, as no/minor versus widespread opacities [low-radiology opacity grade (ROG) versus high-ROG]. ARDS severity was based on the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. The 6 min walk test (6MWT) was performed after 3 and 9 months, and lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and lung volume measurement after 9 and 15 months. Dynamic spirometry was done at all time points. Residual symptoms and health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) were evaluated using validated questionnaires.

Results

At 10 months, most patients (81/118; 69%) were classified as high-ROG, of which 70% had severe ARDS during hospitalisation; 69% of those with mild-moderate ARDS also had high-ROG. Patients with high-ROG had longer ICU stay and lower PaO2/FiO2 during hospitalisation (p < 0.01). At 9 months follow-up, patients with high-ROG had smaller lung volumes as % of predicted values [mean (±CI): 80 (77–84) vs. 93 (88–98) (p < 0.001)], lower DLCO as % of predicted values [74 (70–78) vs. 87 (82–92) (p < 0.001)], lower oxygen saturation during 6MWT (p = 0.02), and a tendency to more severe dyspnoea (p = 0.07), but no difference was found in HRQL compared with no/minor ROG (p = 0.92). A higher opacity score was related to lower DLCO at follow-up (r = −0.48, p < 0.001, Spearman rank test). Severe ARDS patients had slightly more severe fatigue at 9 months compared to mild–moderate, but no differences in dyspnoea or lung function at follow-up. Fibrotic-like changes were found in 93% of patients examined with CT scans at 2 years (55/118; 47%). Severe ARDS could predict widespread opacities (ROG > 25%) in most patients at follow-up at 10 months (AUC 0.74).

Conclusion

Residual radiological abnormalities in ICU-treated COVID-19 patients, evaluated for up to 2 years, relate to persisting symptoms and impaired lung function, demanding careful follow-up regardless of ARDS severity at hospitalisation.
Comparative aspects of targeted sentinel lymph node mapping in veterinary and human medicine: opportunities for future research
Authors: Oblak Michelle L. , Lu Hui Yu , Ram Ann S. , McKenna Charly
Published: April 2024

There is a significant overlap in the genetic, metabolic and epigenetic alterations between human and companion animal cancers, including those of the oral cavity, breast, bladder, skin, lungs and pancreas. In many cancer types, the identification and removal of affected lymph nodes are essential for accurate cancer management, including treatment and prognosis. Historically, lymphadenectomy and subsequent radical resection based on regional anatomy, palpation and lymph node aspirates were considered sufficient; however, modern approaches with sentinel lymph node mapping (SLN) mapping have increased the accuracy of surgical decision-making. Preoperative and intraoperative SLN mapping techniques in veterinary patients parallel those used in human medicine. While many of these techniques are highly successful, the main challenges with current methodologies are their sensitivity and specificity for the presence of cancer, which can be overcome via precision medicine and targeted SLN mapping agents. Given the large population of dogs and cats with cancer, the crossover of knowledge between species can help to deepen our understanding of many of these cancers and can be useful in evaluating new drugs and/or therapies. In this review, we discuss SLN mapping techniques in veterinary medicine and the concept of precision medicine as it relates to targeted SLN mapping imaging agents. The large number of companion animals affected by cancer is an underutilized resource to bridge the translational gap and we aim to provide a reference for the use of dogs and cats as a comparative model for human SLN mapping.
Clinical value of coagulation parameters in predicting the severity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Xia Yanyan , Jia Bei , Chen Yuxin , Wang Sen , Xu Xuejing
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus infection with a high lethality rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in coagulation parameters in patients with SFTS, aiming to provide clinical evidence for early diagnosis, treatment, and disease analysis.

Methods

A total of 40 patients with SFTS attended from April 1, 2020 to May 21, 2022 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were selected and grouped according to the duration of the disease, mild and severe disease, cure and death, with 50 healthy physical examiners as controls, and the risk of severe and death disease was predicted using ROC curves.

Results

Comparison between the healthy, mild and severe groups revealed that PT, INR, APTT, TT, D-D and vWF levels were higher than those in the healthy control group, and FII, FIX, FX, FXI, FXII, PC and PS levels were lower than those in the healthy control group, the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Comparing the results of SFTS patients with different course times, the results of Fib, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, FXI were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the survived and deceased patients, the PT, INR, DD and PS results of the deceased patients were higher than those of the survived patients, and the FVIII, FIX, FXI, FXII and PC were lower than those of the survived patients. The area under the ROC curve showed that D-D had higher predictive ability for the risk of severe disease (AUROC 0.93, sensitivity and specificity at a Cut-off value of 1.50 mg/L were 90.0 and 86.5%, respectively) and the risk of death occurring (AUROC 0.84, sensitivity and specificity at a Cut-off value of 3.39 mg/L were 87.5 and 80.0%, respectively).

Discussion

The monitoring of the coagulation parameters in patients with SFTS is great significance for identifying the severity and death of the patient’s condition, and it is of great clinical value to provide early attention, timely intervention and maximum reduction of the mortality rate for patients at risk of severe disease.
Response of the microbial community structure to the environmental factors during the extreme flood season in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China
Authors: Zhang Li , Yuan Lijuan , Xiang Jianjun , Liao Qiegen , Zhang Dawen , Liu Jutao
Published: April 2024

Background

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, and there are several studies on the composition and diversity of bacteria in Poyang Lake, while few quantitative studies were carried out on the response of the bacterial community to environmental factors during the extreme flood season in Poyang Lake.

Methods

The connected-lake heterogeneity of bacterial community composition (BCC) was investigated in Poyang Lake during the flood season in 2020. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used in this study.

Results

The bacterial community structure in the water was different from that in the sediment of Poyang Lake during extreme flood seasons. The bacterial diversity in water was much lower than that in sediment. In the water column, the dominant phyla were Actinobacteriota, while the composition of bacteria in sediment was more complex than that in water, and the dominant phyla in sediment were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota. The bacterial diversity in the water of Poyang Lake showed seasonal dynamics, while no seasonal variation of bacterial communities in sediment was observed. The bacterial community structure in the sediment from the two bays and channel areas of Poyang Lake can be distinguished from each other. The microbial diversity in sediment gradually increased from the Sancha Bay to the Zhouxi Bay and then to the channel, but the total nitrogen (TN) concentration in sediment (STN) and the total phosphorus (TP) concentration in sediment (STP) showed opposite trends. This might be due to the anthropogenic disturbances from the extreme flood. The bacterial community structure in, water column was significantly correlated with WT, NH4-N, STP, SOM, Chl a, DO, TP, and Eh, while the bacterial community structure in sediment was significantly correlated with SOM and STP.

Conclusion

The bacterial community structure in water was greatly different from that in sediment in Poyang Lake during extreme flood seasons. The bacterial community structure in the water column was not only sensitive to the geochemical characteristics of the water but also affected by some nutrient concentrations in the sediment. During the wet seasons, bacterial diversity was only affected by SOM and STP.
Spatiotemporal pattern of coastal water pollution and its driving factors: implications for improving water environment along Hainan Island, China
Authors: Du Yunxia , Ren Zhibin , Zhong Yingping , Zhang Jinping , Song Qin
Published: April 2024

In the context of human activities and climate change, the gradual degradation of coastal water quality seriously threatens the balance of coastal and marine ecosystems. However, the spatiotemporal patterns of coastal water quality and its driving factors were still not well understood. Based on 31 water quality parameters from 2015 to 2020, a new approach of optimizing water quality index (WQI) model was proposed to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal water quality along tropical Hainan Island, China. In addition, pollution sources were further identified by factor analysis and the effects of pollution source on water quality was finally quantitatively in our study. The results showed that the average water quality was moderate. Water quality at 86.36% of the monitoring stations was good while 13.53% of the monitoring stations has bad or very bad water quality. Besides, the coastal water quality had spatial and seasonal variation, along Hainan Island, China. The water quality at “bad” level was mainly appeared in the coastal waters along large cities (Haikou and Sanya) and some aquaculture regions. Seasonally, the average water quality in March, October and November was worse than in other months. Factor analysis revealed that water quality in this region was mostly affected by urbanization, planting and breeding factor, industrial factor, and they played the different role in different coastal zones. Waters at 10.23% of monitoring stations were at the greatest risk of deterioration due to severe pressure from environmental factors. Our study has significant important references for improving water quality and managing coastal water environment.
Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by Marek’s disease virus in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Xu Haiyin , Xu Xihao , He Huifeng , Shao Hongxia , Yao Yongxiu , Qin Aijian , Qian Kun
Published: April 2024

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection causes immunosuppression in the host, ultimately inducing tumor formation and causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. While the abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the relationship between MDV and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway remains unclear. In this study, we found that the MDV RB1B strain, but not the MDV vaccine strain CVI988, activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by increasing the phosphorylation level of GSK-3β in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF). In vivo infection experiments in SPF chickens also confirmed that the RB1B strain activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, while the CVI988 strain did not lead to its activation. Moreover, unlike the Meq protein encoded by the CVI988 strain, the Meq protein encoded by the RB1B strain specifically activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in CEF cells. The findings from these studies extend our understanding of the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by MDV, which make a new contribution to understanding the virus–host interactions of MDV.
To be or not to be a cytochrome: electrical characterizations are inconsistent with Geobacter cytochrome ‘nanowires’
Authors: Guberman-Pfeffer Matthew J.
Published: April 2024

Geobacter sulfurreducens profoundly shapes Earth’s biogeochemistry by discharging respiratory electrons to minerals and other microbes through filaments of a two-decades-long debated identity. Cryogenic electron microscopy has revealed filaments of redox-active cytochromes, but the same filaments have exhibited hallmarks of organic metal-like conductivity under cytochrome denaturing/inhibiting conditions. Prior structure-based calculations and kinetic analyses on multi-heme proteins are synthesized herein to propose that a minimum of ~7 cytochrome ‘nanowires’ can carry the respiratory flux of a Geobacter cell, which is known to express somewhat more (≥20) filaments to increase the likelihood of productive contacts. By contrast, prior electrical and spectroscopic structural characterizations are argued to be physiologically irrelevant or physically implausible for the known cytochrome filaments because of experimental artifacts and sample impurities. This perspective clarifies our mechanistic understanding of physiological metal-microbe interactions and advances synthetic biology efforts to optimize those interactions for bioremediation and energy or chemical production.