bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH OPINI AUDIT, PERGANTIAN MANAJEMEN, UKURAN KAP DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN KLIEN TERHADAP AUDITOR SWITCHING PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR ANEKA INDUSTRI YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2018-2020
Authors: Ginting Muhammad Habibie , Jafar Hotmal , Safriandi Ferry
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Opini Audit, Pergantian Manajemen, Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik dan Ukuran Perusahaan Klien berpengaruh terhadap Auditor Switching pada perusahaan Aneka Industri yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2018 - 2020. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 45 perusahaan dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 33 perusahaan yang sesuai dengan kriteria dan periode waktu selama 3 tahun, sehingga total sampel sebanyak 99. Regresi logistik di gunakan dalam melakukan analisis data. Secara simultan Opini Audit, Pergantian Manajemen, Ukuran Kantor Akntan Publik dan Ukuran Perusahaan Klien berpengaruh terhadap Auditor Switching karena nilai signifikan yang di dapat 0.024 < alpa 0.05. Secara parsial Opini Audit, Pergantian Manajemen dan Ukuran Perusahaan Klien tidak berpengaruh terhadap Auditor Switching yang berpengaruh hanya Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik.
PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, NON PERFORMING LOAN, DAN NET INTEREST MARGIN TERHADAP LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO PADA PERBANKAN KONVENSIONAL YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2018-2020
Authors: Hannah Baby , Sembiring Seniwati , Dewi Sri Puspa
Published: December 2022

Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh capital adequacy ratio, non performing loan dan net interest margin terhadap loan to deposit ratio pada perbankan konvensional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2018-2020. Dalam penelitian ini populasi yang diperoleh 43, sampel yang diperoleh selama 3 tahun periode perusahaan penelitian sebanyak 29 sampel, sehingga diperoleh 87 data observasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan berdasarkan purposive sampling. Metode analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa secara parsial variabel capital adequacy ratio (X1) berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap loan to deposit ratio (Y), non performing loan (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loan to deposit ratio (Y), net interest margin (X3) berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap loan to deposit ratio (Y). Secara simultan capital adequacy ratio, non performing loan dan net interest margin berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loan to deposit ratio
PENGETAHUAN PAJAK DAN SANKSI PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK (Pada Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor di Kantor SAMSAT Putri Hijau Medan Tahun 2021)
Authors: Harahap Riza Fahlevi , Pasaribu Aria Masdiana , Raidani Raidani
Published: December 2022

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui pengetahuan pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor. (2) untuk mengetahui sanksi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor. (3) untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan pajak dan sanksi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel berupa wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuosioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menjawab hipotesis adalah analisis regresi linier berganda
PENGARUH KONEKSI POLITIK, LEVERAGE, UKURAN KAP TERHADAP PRAKTIK PENGHINDARAN PAJAK (Pada Perusahaan LQ45 Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Tahun 2018-2020)
Authors: Laduni Nur Hafni
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh koneksi politik, leverage, ukuran KAP terhadap praktik penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan LQ45 yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2018-2020. Sampel yang diperoleh selama 3 tahun penelitian sebanyak 25 sampel, sehingga diperoleh 75 data observasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan berdasarkan purposive sampling dengan metode analisis data analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa secara parsial variabel koneksi politik tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak, leverage berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak, ukuran KAP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak.
IMPLEMENTASI DISIPLIN KERJA DAN LOYALITAS KERJA SERTA KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA PADA BADAN PENGELOLA PAJAK DAN RETRIBUSI DAERAH KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Setiawan Prastowo , Daulay Akman , Putra M Umar Maya
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Loyalitas Kerja serta Kompetensi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara pada Badan Pengelola Pajak Dan Distribusi Daerah Kota Medan. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 75 responden ASN pada Badan Pengelola Pajak Dan Distribusi Daerah Kota Medan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Metode data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan pendekatan kuantitaif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel disiplin kerja, loyalitas kerja dan kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara. Secara simultan disiplin kerja (X1) dan loyalitas kerja (X2) serta kompetensi (X3) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara pada Badan Pengelola Pajak Dan Distribusi Daerah Kota Medan, dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 71,486 dan nilai taraf signifikansi sebesar 0,000.
PENGARUH PROMOSI, VARIASI PRODUK, DAN POTONGAN HARGA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VOLUME PENJUALAN DI NIBRAS HOUSE MINI JOHOR MEDAN
Authors: Erinda Rara , Daulay Akman , Surbakti Syamsul Bahri
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi, variasi produk, dan potongan harga terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik probability sampling dan dengan menggunakan rumus slovin maka jumlah sampel diperoleh sebesar 73 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner, observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linear berganda dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa secara parsial promosi, variasi produk dan potongan harga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan. Kemudian, secara simultan promosi, variasi produk, dan potongan harga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan.
Cultural perceptions
Authors: Neate John
Published: December 2022

This paper, based on original qualitative and quantitative research undertaken as part of the author’s MA studies in African Christianity at Liverpool Hope University, explores the challenges faced by the Ghanaian Church of Pentecost-UK (CoP-UK) in sharing the love and good news of Jesus Christ with White British people, in the specific context of the UK’s postmodern culture. Arguing that, in this context, intentional investment by CoP-UK in cross-cultural friendships with White British people is likely to form the essential basis of trust for the discussion of issues of Christian faith, the paper discusses the barriers to engagement in such friendships posed by a generally negative perception of White British culture. The author’s approach to the original research and to subsequent follow up has been consciously relational and the potential contribution of this approach to future collaboration with CoP-UK, in addressing cross-cultural barriers, is also explored. The findings have potential relevance for other Black Majority Churches (BMCs), for other minority ethnic churches, and for everyone who is concerned to enable the God-given contributions of all ethnic groups to be ‘brought to the table’ in God’s wider evangelistic mission.
Beholding
Authors: Rooms Nigel
Published: December 2022

This article addresses missional spirituality, that is what spirituality, individual and corporate, is appropriate and fruitful in churches which seek to participate in the mission of God. The paper engages with neuroscience around how the two hemispheres of the brain, right and left offer two ways of attending to the world and Iain McGilchrist’s assertion in The Master and his Emissary that left brain attention has predominated especially in Modernity. Two Christian responses which utilise these truths about the brain are critically examined, one from an American, broadly Evangelical school of thought and the other from the Anglican Solitary, Maggie Ross. Ross’ recovery of the apophatic stream of Christian spirituality via the right brain of “Deep Mind” is preferred without dismissing other approaches. The “unintended consequences” of seeking silence before God who is, including the gift of “beholding” and how they connect to what is required of missional churches are delineated. Some brief suggestions are made as to might be done to enhance the practice of silence in local churches.
The Consequences of the Armenian Genocide in Diarbekir (Tigranakert) Province
Authors: Bablumyan Arpine
Published: December 2022

1914 թ. հայ բնակչության թվաքանակը Դիարբեքիրի նահանգում կազմում էր շուրջ 130.000: Դիարբեքիրի հայերը, ինչպես Արևմտյան Հայաստանի մյուս նահանգներում, ենթարկվեցին զանգվածային կոտորածների, իսլամացման և տեղահանության: Բազմաթիվ բնակավայրեր վերածվեցին հայերի զանգվածային բնաջնջման կենտրոնների: Դիարբեքիրի տարածքում բնաջնջվեց ոչ միայն տեղի բնակչությունը, այլ նաև այլ նահանգներից, մասնավորապես՝ Խարբերդից, Էրզրումից, Բիթլիսից տեղահանված մի քանի հարյուր հազար հայ: 1920-ական թվականներին հայերին տեղահանելու և ոչնչացնելու քաղաքականությունը ամբողջությամբ ավարտին հասցվեց: Ցեղասպանության տարիներին թալանվեցին, պղծվեցին, հրդեհվեցին հարյուրից ավել հայկական եկեղեցիներ ու վանքեր, դրանցից շատերը գրեթե ամբողջությամբ ավերվեցին, մյուսները վերածվեցին մզկիթների: Հայերի տեղահանությանն ու կոտորածներին գրեթե զուգահեռ՝ կազմակերպվեց մահմեդական եկվորների բնակեցումը Արևմտյան Հայաստանի մի շարք բնակավայրերում, մասնավորապես Դիարբեքիրի նահանգի տարածքում:
В 1914 г. численность армянского населения в провинции Диарбекир составляла почти 130.000 человек. Армяне Диарбекира, как и других провинций Западной Армении, в 1915–1923 гг. подверглись массовой резне, исламизации и депортации. Многие поселения превратились в места массового истребления армян. На территории Диарбекира было уничтожено не только местное население, но и несколько тысяч армян, депортированных из других провинций, в частности из Харберда, Эрзерума, Битлиса. В 1920-е годы политика депортации армян из Диарбекира целиком была претворена в жизнь. Во время Геноцида армян были разграблены, осквернены и преданы огню сотни армянских церквей и монастырей, многие из которых либо были полностью разрушены, либо превращены в мечети. Почти одновременно с депортацией и резней армян было организовано расселение пришлых мусульман в ряде населенных пунктов Западной Армении и, в частности, на территории провинции Диарбекир.
The Military Mission of the First Republic of Armenia in the USA and Commander Andranik
Authors: Ghambaryan Armenuhi
Published: December 2022

1919 թ․ աշնանը՝ բացի ԱՄՆ գործուղված ՀՀ քաղաքացիական առաքելությունից, անհրաժոշտություն էր ծագել այտեղ ուղարկել նաև ռազմական առաքելություն, քանի որ ԱՄՆ-ի կառավարությանը նաև ռազմական օգնության դիմումներ անելու կարիք կար։ Այդ գործի մեջ անհրաժեշտ էր ներգրավել բարձրաստիճան զինվորական գործչի, որը կբացատրեր ամերիկյան կառավարությանը, թե ինչ ռազմական կարիքներ ունի Հայաստանը և ինչպիսի աջակցություն էր ակնկալում ամերիկյան կառավարությունից։ Փարիզում հայկական երկու պատվիրակությունների կողմից որոշվում է կազմել Միացյալ Հայաստանի զինվորական պատվիրակություն գեներալ Հ․ Բագրատունու գլխավորությամբ։ Պողոս Նուբարի պնդմամբ զորավար Անդրանիկը՝ որպես Ազգային պատվիրակության հատուկ ներկայացուցիչ, ընդգրկվում է այդ առաքելության մէջ։ ԱՄՆ ուղարկված հայկական ռազմական առաքելության գործունեությունն արդյունք չունեցավ։ Դրա առանցքային պատճառն այն էր, որ ԱՄՆ արտաքին քաղաքականության օրակարգում հայերին աջակցելու կամ պաշտպանելու վերաբերյալ ռազմական միջամտության հարց չկար։
Осенью 1919 года, помимо направленной в США гражданской миссии РА, необходимо было направить туда и военную миссию, так как возникла также необходимость в обращении за военной помощью к правительству США. С этой целью следовало привлечь высокопоставленного армянского военного деятеля, который разъяснил бы американскому правительству, в какой военной поддержке нуждается Армения. Две армянские делегации в Париже решили сформировать военную делегацию Единой Армении во главе с генералом А. Багратуни. По настоянию Погоса Нубара генерал Андраник в качестве специального представителя Национальной делегации был включен в эту миссию. Деятельность армянской военной миссии, направленной в США, не имела положительных результатов в силу того, что в повестку государственной политики США не входил вопрос военного вмешательства в поддержку или защиту армян.
Improving Grade 8 Students’ Academic Performance and Attitude in Teaching Science through Augmented Reality
Authors: Berame Julie S , Bulay Minie L , Mercado Rissa L , Ybanez Annie Rose C , Aloyon Gladys Claire A , Dayupay Anna Mae F , Hunahunan Regine D , Jalop Novabelle J
Published: December 2022

Strategic Intervention Material for Teaching Augmented Reality (SIMaTAR) is a collection of teaching and learning materials in Science which uses augmented reality technology to greatly improve learning experience through digital immersion in different 3D and 4D worlds and is under the innovative approaches in science education project of DOST-SEI. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using SIMaTAR mobile application as a tool on improving the Grade 8 students’ academic performance, motivation, and attitude towards learning science as well as the teachers’ assessment upon using the application. Results showed that all indicators on the teachers and students’ assessment on SIMaTAR mobile augmented reality application were rated as strongly agree. All indicators of students’ attitude towards science showed improvement after implementing the AR application in science teaching. Further, the scores of the student participants in pre-test and post-test were remarkably increased after using the application. As for the challenges, results revealed that students do not have the gadgets to use and they lack the knowledge on how to manipulate the application. Through data analysis using paired samples t-test, it is concluded that the integration of SIMaTAR in teaching science increases the engagement and interest of the students in learning the subject and the application of mobile augmented reality could substantially improve the teaching and learning process.
Assessment of Hygienic Status of Some Local Abattoirs and its Impact on Meat Quality
Authors: Soliman Faten , Nossair Mohamed , Mansour Alaa
Published: December 2022

The current study was conducted to evaluate the hygienic status of some local abattoirs and its impact on meat quality through determination of aerobic plate, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, molds, and yeasts counts. This study was conducted in 5 municipal slaughterhouses located in different provinces, Egypt. A total of 300 samples were collected as following: slaughtered meat, water, and air samples beside swabs from floor, wall, and workers hand (50 samples/each). Statistical analytical results of aerobic plate count clarified that the highest mean value was recorded in the floor swabs (8.9×105 CFU/g) followed by hand swabs of workers (7.41×105 CFU/g) then wall swabs and air samples (7.2×105 CFU/g) then water samples (5.2×105 CFU/g) and lastly meat samples (1.3×105 CFU/g). The highest mean value of Enterobacteriaceae count was recorded in the floor swabs (3.2×104 CFU/g) followed by wall swabs (9.3×103 CFU/g) then air samples (6.63×103 CFU/g) then hand swabs of workers (5.33×103 CFU/g) then water samples (3.19×103 CFU/g) and lastly meat samples (9.02×102 CFU/g). The highest mean value of coliforms count was recorded in the floor swabs (1.65×103 CFU/g) followed by hand swabs of workers (7.23×102 CFU/g) then meat samples (6.10×102 CFU/g) then water samples (4.10×102 CFU/g) then wall swabs (1.72×102 CFU/g) and lastly air samples (1.32×102 CFU/g). On comparison of various microbiological counts on the investigated meat samples with the Egyptian standards, it was clear that most of samples failed to comply with standards confirming the role of contaminated abattoir environment in the obtained result. Results of microbiological examination of the collected samples reflected a clear state of contamination in abattoirs environment that would affect the microbiological quality of the produced meat from these abattoirs that in turn would be harmful for human health.
The role of dietary lignocellulose inclusion with or without probiotic supplementation on some immune and blood biochemical parametres in broiler chickens
Authors: Soltan Mosaad , Sheaita Ramdan , Matroud Omaima , Shobokshy Set
Published: December 2022

Two hundred and forty, one-day old Avian broiler chicks were used to investigate The immune role of dietary Lignocellulose (LC) inclusion with or without probiotic supplementation and their effect on some blood biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. Experimental treatments consisted of 3×2 factorial arrangements with 3 levels of LC without or with probiotic to formulate six different experimental groups. Groups 1, 3, and 5 were fed on the basal diet with dietary LC inclusion at 0, 0.5%, and 1.0% respectively, while groups 2, 4 and 6 were fed on the previously mentioned design with probiotic at 100gm/ton. The obtained results revealed that dietary inclusion of either LC or probiotic increased (P≥0.05) WBCs count, LC combination with probiotic majored the WBCS compared with LC free groups. LC inclusion without probiotic reduced (P≥0.05) RBCs count, Hb and PCV. Meanwhile probiotic supplementation in combination with LC non-significantly improved these 3 parameters compared with probiotic free groups. Dietary inclusion of LC and / or probiotic minify lymphocyte (p<0.05) but increased (P≥0.05) heterophil %, phagocytic and phagocytic index and level of the antibody titer against Newcastle disease. LC and / or probiotic addition led to better serum lipid profile (decreased LDL, VLDL and CHO/HDL and increased HDL) and resulted in elevation of serum glucose. dietary inclusion of either LC or probiotic had no significant effect on kidney and liver function related enzymes. The probiotic supplemented diet with 0.5% LC inclusion recorded the lowest serum creatinine level. We concluded that either LC or probiotic enhanced immune response parameters and lipid profile (increased HDL and lowered cholestrol) and their combination magnified this enhancement. LC (0.5% - 1.0%) with probiotic supplemented diet revealed the best blood picture and lipid profile, the highest heterophil %.
Hematological, Biochemical, and Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Responses to Exercise Related Myopathy in Endurance Horses
Authors: Metwally Ali , Ebrahim Zeinab , Abdullaziz Ibrahim
Published: December 2022

Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is a well-recognized disease affecting racehorses therefore this study was performed to evaluate haemato-biochemical alterations in 20 adult Arabian horses after 120 km race with trial of treatment. Horses were classified into 2 main groups: the first group (n:5) included healthy control horses while the second group(n:15) included horses showed signs of distress, moderately depressed, muscle stiffness, shifting hind limb lameness, elevated respiratory rate, sweating, firm painful hindquarter muscles, myoglobinuria and reluctance to move that lasts for several hours after ending of race. Based on the history and the through clinical examination of diseased horses, they were tentatively diagnosed as suffering from ER syndrome. Whole blood and serum samples were collected from both healthy control horses and diseased ones before and after treatment. Hemogram of examined horses showed only significant increased PCV (%) values of diseased horses with more prominent thrombocytopenia but with treatment their values showed marked improvement, where other haematological parameters showed non-significant changes in both groups either before or after treatment. Serum analysis of ER affected horses showed a higher serum enzymatic activities of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with significantly increased values of total proteins, albumin, globulins, total bilirubin, glucose, creatinine and potassium. But with effective treatment protocol, these higher values began to be improved towards normal values again. While non-significant changes were observed in serum levels of Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), calcium, sodium and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in ER affected horses. Based on obtained results, ER has negative impact on haemato-biochemical biomarkers with remarkable serum elevation of skeletal muscular specific enzymes, as well as by paralytic myoglobinuria.
Clinico-Biochemical, Rumen Function and Histopathological Investigations of Trichobezoars in Sheep
Authors: Elshahawya Ibrahim , HossamTohamy HossamTohamy , Elzarkouny Samir , Ebrahima Zeinab , Elwakeel Eman , Abdullaziza Ibrahim
Published: December 2022

Twenty-five out of 200 mature Barki ewes were diagnosed with trichobezoars over two years in a privately owned sheep farm. Diagnosed ewes showed signs of inappetence, dullness, emaciation, weakness, scanty hard feces, and recurrent bouts of tympany. Closer observation of these ewes revealed the abnormal behavior of wool pulling by teeth from each other. Serum copper, zinc, iron, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulins, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and total cholesterol levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in ewes affected by trichobezoars than healthy ewes. In contrast, mean values of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, blood urea, and creatinine were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in affected ewes. Furthermore, ruminal fluid analysis of trichobezoars ewes revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in pH, total protozoa counts with reduced motility, whereas a significantly (P < 0.01) prolonged methylene blue reduction time and elevated levels of total volatile fatty acids were observed. Histopathological changes in the trichobezoars-affected rumen revealed ballooning degeneration, leukocytic infiltration in the mucosal layer. Mucosal sloughing with a detachment of the stratified epithelium abomasum showed ulcerated surface with necrotic glandular epithelium and focal leukocytic infiltrations, in conclusion when trichobezoars accumulate in larger numbers, more significant sizes in the rumen and Abomasum can obstruct the gastrointestinal tract and increase mortality risks in sheep.
Scaphoid Pseudoarthrosis Treatment Without Bone Grafting
Authors: rker Mehmet , Acar Erdin , lgan Numan , ra Burkay
Published: December 2022

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the postoperative changes in pain, function, and scapholunate angle in patients who underwent percutaneous headless compression screw fixation (PHCSF) without bone grafting for scaphoid pseudoarthrosis (SP).
Patients and Methods: Thirty-three patients (31 males, 2 females; mean age: 27.64±9.85 years; range, 16 to 59 years) with scaphoid pseudoarthrosis who underwent percutaneous headless compression screw fixation without bone grafting between January 2010 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH) questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used, and scapholunate angle measurements were performed.
Results: The union rate was (87.9%), and the mean time to union was 14.0±1.9 weeks. Postoperative VAS and Q-DASH scores were significantly lower than baseline (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between pre- and postoperative scapholunate angle values (p=0.182). According to the age groups, the changes in Q-DASH and scapholunate angle values were significantly higher in patients aged ≥26 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the sports injury, falls, and traffic accidents groups in terms of VAS, Q-DASH, and scapholunate angle differences before and after percutaneous headless compression screw fixation.
Conclusion: Pain and function can be improved with the percutaneous headless compression screw fixation without bone grafting in the treatment of scaphoid pseudoarthrosis. Age seems also to be an important factor in functional success.
Evaluation of novel metabolic indices and lipid ratios to identify metabolic syndrome in South Indians
Authors: Manjuladevi Moonishaa , Periyasamy Sivakumar , Saraswathy Abinaya
Published: December 2022

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predispose to risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus and related disorders. MetS diagnosis varies across geographic zones and requires measurement of multiple factors such as anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose. This study aims to evaluate the MetS diagnostic utility of lipid ratios like total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (TC/HDLc), triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDLc), LDLc cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (LDLc/HDLc), Non-HDL cholesterol (NonHDLc) and novel metabolic indices like lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study included 60 healthy adults visiting the health checkup clinic of a tertiary care hospital in South India. MetS diagnosis in subjects was based on the harmonising definition with South Asian waist circumference (WC) cutoff levels. The lipid ratios, novel metabolic indices were compared between MetS cases and controls without MetS using unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney test. Simple logistic regression and ROC curve analyses were performed to determine usefulness of the studied indices.
Results: MetS was diagnosed in 39 (65%) participants and 51 (85%) participants had central obesity. TC/HDLc ratio, TG/HDLc ratio, LDLc/HDLc ratio, LAP, VAI, CMI, TyG were very much elevated in MetS cases and showed significantly associations with occurrence of MetS. Of all the studied indices, TyG had strongest association (OR > 1*) with greatest AUC of 0.801*, while highest Youden index of 0.56* was observed with LAP.
Conclusion: TyG and LAP are the most reliable novel metabolic indices to predict MetS in South Indian subjects.
MAGNITUDE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN OUTPATIENTS WITH CATARACT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Jajodia Santosh , Basantaray Sangita
Published: December 2022

Aim: To determine the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the relationship between the condition severity, gender, and age.
Methods: This cross-sectional research was carried out in the Department of Ophthalmology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. A total of 100 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus had thorough ocular exams for diabetic retinopathy. To classify the severity of retinopathy, the International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy was used.
Results: 17.3% of people had diabetic retinopathy overall, of which 55.16% were men and 44.7% were women. 91.8% of patients had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, of which 7% had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Of these, 51.6% had mild, 35.5% had moderate, and 4.5% had severe retinopathy. 13% of the people examined were found to have macular edoema, which was later classified as 42.7% mild, 31.3% moderate, and 25.70% severe edoema.
Conclusion: The study found that even while vision was close to normal, the presence of DR supports the need for routine ocular evaluations in diabetic individuals. Patients who were evaluated for the study as part of our research were made aware of DR.
OUTCOME OF JONES PROCEDURE IN MANAGEMENT OF INVOLUTIONAL ENTROPION
Authors: Sahu Sasmita , Rout Jagdish , Biswal Arati , Sahu Biswanath , Behera Sharmistha
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Jones procedure in the management of senile
involutional entropion
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From March 2020 to December 2021 ,a prospective observational study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology at VSSIMSAR,Burla, Odisha.The study included 25 eyes from 19 individuals aged 65 to 85 who had involutional entropion and underwent the Jones procedure. Patients with cicatricial, spastic or congenital entropion as well as those who had previous lid surgery were excluded.
RESULTS
A total of 25 eyes of 19 patients were evaluated and taken up for Jones procedure. They were followed up at one week, 4 weeks, 6 months duration. Out of the total 25 eyes, failure was seen in only one case(4%), two were undercorrected (8%) and 22 were successful(88%).
CONCLUSION
Jones procedure is an easy, efficacious, aesthetically acceptable and successful procedure for involutional entropion
Low-Cost Method for Fixation of Distal Humerus Fracture in Elderly Osteoporotic Individuals: Experience from a Resource-Limited, Tertiary-Care Setting in North India
Authors: Kapila Rajiv , Sehgal Manik , Takkar Vikrom , Kapila Preeti , Vatsyan Rohit , Singh Ranjan , Sandhu Gurjant
Published: December 2022

Introduction: About 7% of adult fractures involve elbow and around 2% involve distal humerus. Conventionally, these are managed by ORIF with plates and screws. Often osteoporosis and communition of fracture fragments is observed in elderly presenting with this pattern of injury. This further complicates the situation for reconstruction and stable fixation which is critical for early mobilisation. We present our fixation method of Joshi’s External Stabilizing System resulting in satisfactory outcome
Methods: During study period (August 2017-Oct 2019), total of 19 patients (male=8) were treated at Dr Rajendra Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India. Seventeen of them were elderly osteoporotic individuals. Closed reduction was achieved in 7 cases who had displaced supracondylar humerus fracture. Open reduction through triceps splitting approach extending longitudinally up to fascial sleeve of forearm was done in one case of one year old neglected supracondylar humerus fracture and all cases of intercondylar humerus fracture (N=9). Articular visualisation and reduction were achieved after flexing to about 110 degrees and applying longitudinal traction through trochlear notch with the help of ribbon gauge, obviating the need of olecranon osteotomy.
Results: Union was achieved in 15 cases; one case was lost to follow-up after 8 weeks. Another case is within 4 weeks follow-up. Elbow movements were initiated on first post-operative day in all. Fracture was classified on basis of A.O classification. Mayo elbow performance score system was done to evaluate the final functional outcome (Table 1).
Conclusion: Complications encountered include minor pin-tract infections in 6 patients. In one patient, fracture was noted on 5th post-operative day at proximal level of construct. This was the patient with one year old neglected supracondylar humerus fracture. One patient was lost to follow-up. Others are doing well after a follow-up duration of 218 patient-months.
TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF LIGNOCAINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE ON HEMODYNAMIC REACTIONS AND AIRWAY REFLEXES DURING TRACHEAL EXTUBATION IN PATIENTS HAVING LAPAROSCOPIC OPERATIONS
Authors: Swain Avijeet , Mohanty Yangyasmit , Patro Girija , Patro Kanhu
Published: December 2022

Background: Endotracheal extubation is connected to airway and cardiovascular reactions that can result in tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, coughing, agitation, bronchospasm, increased haemorrhaging, and raised intracranial and intraocular pressure, all of which can be life-threatening, especially in weaker patients. These effects are observed to be attenuated by dexmedetomidine, a highly selective 2 adrenoreceptor agonist, which also provides a smooth extubation.
Aim: To evaluate the impact of dexmedetomidine following tracheal extubation on hemodynamic and ventilatory recovery.
Methods: 40 patients who matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were between the ages of 21 and 46 were divided randomly into two groups of 20 each for this comparative study. 90 ml of NS were given to one group, while 0.4 mg of Dexmedetomidine were given to the other. At various points throughout the entire operation, the hemodynamic parameters of the two groups were compared to check for any variations.
Results: Compared to the control group, the study group had better control over variables such mean arterial pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. It is the statistical significance (P < 0.002) that the extubation quality score differed between the control and dexmedetomidine groups (2.13 vs. 1.23). Cough was present in 14.27% of the study group but in 52.38% of the control group. The study population had considerably more Bradycardia and Hypertension.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is administered just prior to extubation to guarantee a smooth procedure and to lessen cardiovascular reactions. Additionally, it offers sufficient postoperative sedation.
Age related changes in serum dihydrotestosterone levels among type 2 diabetic males
Authors: Jheetay Sanket , Garg Rinku , Kumar Devesh , Adhana Ritu , Kumar Jayballabh , Muniyal Himani , Kaur Jaspreet
Published: December 2022

Background: Interest in the physiological range of androgens in middle-aged men has recently increased since many illnesses, deaths, or male-specific disturbances are linked to androgen deficiency. It is yet unknown how dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels have changed over time in the Indian population.

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to measure the levels of DHT in males as age. The absence of data on DHT levels in ageing males in the Indian population would allow for comparisons with future studies from other subcontinents.

Materials and Methods: In this study, residents of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, are the subjects of an observational and comparative case–control study.

Results: A total of 210 samples were collected, including 105 diabetic men and 105 controls, samples were divided into each of the three age brackets 30–40 years, 40–50 years, and 50–60 years. Compared to controls, who had a total mean DHT of 446.76 ± 265.31 pg/ml, diabetics’ total mean DHT was lower at 230.66 ± 182.02 pg/ml. The same was seen when diabetic samples and controls were compared by age groups. When age groups of diabetic samples and controls were compared there was no decline with the age group, there was a non-significant association in their comparison. When all of the samples were included, there was a non-significant reduction in DHT levels as the age groups progressed, although a decline was observed.

Conclusions: Age-related declines in serum DHT hormone levels occur over time but are not very significant.
Anthropometric and socio-demographic profile of diabetes mellitus patients attending tertiary care teaching hospital of Bankura, West Bengal
Authors: De Debasish , Chakrabarti Phalguni , Bandyopadhyay Debasmita , Chakraborty Sanghamitra , Mandal Partha
Published: December 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a non-communicable disease is on increasing trend in India as well as in West Bengal. DM develop mainly due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance associated with deleterious effect of risk factors such as advancing maternal age, family history of diabetes, obesity, and ethnicity.

Aims and Objectives: Humungous number of diabetic patient attending the Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital inspires us to study the socio-demographic profile and anthropometric risk factors to create awareness and reduce disease burden.

Materials and Methods: This hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was done after receiving approval from the institute ethical committee. This study enrolled 220 Type 2 diabetic patients, selected based on recent American Diabetes Association guideline. Patients with pregnancy, other endocrinal disorders, and history of drug intake influencing plasma glucose concentration are excluded from the study. The data were collected, extrapolated in Microsoft excel sheet and relevant statistical analysis was done.

Results: Among 220 participants, female dominance (62.3%) is noted. Maximum participants are from age group 45–59 years. Majority of them are from rural area (81.3%). Illiteracy is high (43.6%), sedentary physical activity is more (81.8%) among participants. History of stress (80%) is present in larger section of patients. Positive family history of diabetes is absent in (67.3%) of participants. Tobacco abuse is present in (32.7%) of diabetics, (60%) of the patients are pre-obese and obese as per Asian criteria of Body mass index and (57.7%) have high waist-hip ratio (WHR).

Conclusion: DM is emerging as a major health issue in West Bengal too. The patients belong to both genders. Larger section of the participants is pre-obese and obese and has higher WHR. There is need to focus on socio-demographic and anthropometric factors to create awareness and to recommend preventive strategies to reduce the burden of the disease.
تقييم كفايات التعليم الإلكتروني لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعات اليمنية من وجهة نظرهم.
Authors: الأهدل د. عبده عبدالكريم عبدالله , المنتصر د. قائد حسين علي
Published: December 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على درجة توافر كفايات التعليم الإلكتروني لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس بجامعتي حضرموت وإقليم سبأ ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي المسحي، من خلال استبانة مكونة من (67) فقرة، موزعة على أربعة محاور، طبقت على عينة مكونة من (105)عضوا من أعضاء هيئة التدريس، واستخدمت المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية، واختبار «ت»، وتحليل التباين الأحادي لتحليل استجابات العينة.وكشفت نتائج الدراسة أن تقييم مستوى أعضاء هيئة التدريس بجامعتي حضرموت وإقليم سبأ بالجمهورية اليمنية، في كفايات التعليم الإلكتروني جاء كالآتي: في مجال كفايات ثقافة التعليم الإلكتروني ومجال كفايات استخدام الحاسب الآلي وملحقاته، ومجال كفايات الشبكات والإنترنت بدرجة «متوسطة»، في حين جاء تقييمهم، بمجال كفايات تصميم وإدارة التعليم الإلكتروني بدرجة «منخفضة».ولم تظهر نتائج البحث فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة الكفايات تعزى لمتغير، المؤهل الدراسي، والجنس، وعدد الدورات التدريبية في التعليم الإلكتروني، في حين أظهرت الدراسة فروقًا في محوري استخدام الحاسب الآلي وملحقاته، واستخدام الشبكات والإنترنت تعزى لمتغير سنوات الخبرة في التدريس لصالح الأقل خبرة، كما أظهرت فروقًا ذات دلالة إحصائية لمتغير الكلية في جميع مجالات الأداة ولصالح الكليات العلمية.وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة قدَّم الباحثان عددًا من التوصيات والمقترحات، منها الاستفادة من نتائج هذا البحث عند إعداد البرامج التدريبية الخاصة بأعضاء هيئة التدريس في مجال التعليم الإلكتروني، وإجراء دراسة مماثلة تشمل بقية الجامعات اليمنية.
مدى استقلال النيابة العامة عن السلطة التنفيذية في القانون اليمني دراسة للنصوص القانونية في قانوني السلطة القضائية، وإنشاء النيابة العامة
Authors: المجيدي د. عبد القادر بن قائد سعيد
Published: December 2022

نص الدستور اليمني على أن القضاء سلطة مستقلة قضائياً ومالياً وإدارياً، والنيابة العامة هيئة من هيئاته، غير أن قانون إنشاء النيابة العامة ينص على أن إنشاء النيابة العامة لمباشرة الاختصاصات المخولة لها قانوناً، وتتبع النيابة العامة مجلس القضاء الأعلى، كما تتبع النائب العام مالياً وإدارياً، تحت إشراف وزير العدل .تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إظهار المواد القانونية في قانوني السلطة القضائية، وإنشاء النيابة العامة التي تشير إلى تدخل وزير العدل في أعمال النيابة العامة.ويعود اختياري لهذا الموضوع إلى كثرة النصوص القانونية التي تمثل اختراقا لمبدأ الفصل بين السلطات، وإلى تدخل وزير العدل في اختصاصات النيابة العامة.ويمكن ذكر إشكالي الدراسة في السؤال الآتي: ما مدى استقلال النيابة العامة عن السلطة التنفيذية؟وقد تتبعت نصوص قانوني إنشاء النيابة العامة-السلطة القضائية- مستخدما المنهج الوصفي التحليليوقد تركز البحث في دراسة النصوص القانونية التي ذكر فيها وزير العدل في قانوني إنشاء النيابة العامة رقم 77 لعام 1979م، السلطة القضائية رقم 1 لعام 1991م، وتمثل اعتداء على مبدأ استقلال النيابة العامة عن السلطة التنفيذية.وخلص البحث إلى وجود افتئات على مبدأ استقلال النيابة العامة من قبل وزير العدل، ووجود تغول في أعمال النيابة العامة.ولهذا أوصي بإعادة صياغة قانوني (السلطة القضائية، إنشاء النيابة العامة) بما يؤدي إلى استقلال النيابة العامة عن السلطة التنفيذية.
من الأدب اليمني المهاجر قصيدة «شكاية المتظلم ونكاية المتألم» قراءة سياقية نسقية
Authors: العامري أ. د. محمد أحمد غالب
Published: December 2022

هذه القصيدة للشاعر عمارة اليمني، وهي من الشعر: الذاتي/الغيري، والسياسي/الاجتماعي، والعاطفي المتعدد العاطفة: ففيها الحب والشكوى، والعتاب والاستعطاف، والود والكراهة، والأمل واليأس. وفيها الأنا والآخر، والماضي والحاضر. وهي شديدة الصلة بحياة الشاعر؛ فهي تختزل حياته الماضية والحاضرة، وحملها الشاعر فصولاً محتملةً في المستقبل. كما أنها تحمل دلالات عن أطوار الخلفيات: الفكرية والعقدية والسياسية المتغيرة عند الشاعر. إنها بإيجاز تختصر حياة الشاعر، وتترجم لزمان ولادتها ومكانه، وتلم بيسير من حياة شخوصها الآخرين، بثوب شعري فصيح. وسنقف على جزئيات ذلك في تناولنا لهذا النص مرتكزين على الرؤيتين: النسقية (الداخلية) للنص، والسياقية (الخارجية)، مستفيدين من الأمرين معاً في قراءة لوحاتها؛ لأن الانغلاق على الجانب النسقي اللغوي والبنائي وحده في مثل هذا النص (المناسبتي) اختزال للنص والعمل الفني معا، واعتماد الجوانب السياقية وحدها، سيخرج بالنص من الأدبية، ليكون لوحة تاريخية أو وثيقة سياسية.
Reduction of Chromium (VI) by indigenous bacteria isolated from industrial effluents of Pakistan
Authors: Sabri Sabeen , Batool Rida , Akhtar Muhammad Shoaib
Published: December 2022

The present study was aimed to isolate and examine the reduction potential of chromium resistant bacteria. For this purpose, 10 chromium resistant bacterial strains were isolated from three different samples, collected from effluents of industries. These isolated strains were designated as A, B1, B2, C, L1, L2, L3, M, I1, and I2. All strains were able to resist up to 3500 μg/ml of potassium chromate on Lagar. At optimum pH 7 and temperature 37 ℃, all isolated strains showed optimum reduction potential. The strain B1 and L3 showed 97% reduction potential in DE broth while B1 in L-broth and I2 in acetate minimal broth showed 98% and 97% reduction potential respectively. In the case of artificial sewage water, strain M and L2 showed 94% reduction potential. In sample-1 of domestic sewage water (sterile), B2 showed 94% while I2 (non-sterile) had maximum reduction potential. Sample-2 (A, C, L2, I1) from domestic sewage water (non-sterile) had 96% and A, C, L2, I1 (sterile) also showed a 96% maximum reduction potential.
Syzygium Cumini L. Seed A Potent Source of Fiber, Protein and Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Khalid , Zahra Naseem , Saeed Asma , Abidi Syed Hussain Imam , Syed Quratulain
Published: December 2022

Syzygium cumini L. seeds have been documented in traditional medicine in Pakistan. The current research was aimed to assess the physicochemical characteristics, polyphenols and antioxidants of S. cumini seed. The physical characteristics such as the color of S. cumini seed were white to pink, the shapes resembled to oblong and coarse texture. The length, width and weight of fresh S. cumini seed were found to be (18.20±0.81mm, 11.05±0.41mm and 1.80±0.16g), respectively while the color of dried S. cumini seeds were light brown to brown,rhombus in shape with loutish texture. The average length, width and weight of dried S. cumini seeds were 16.47±0.45; 10.14±0.25 mm and 0.75±0.12 g respectively. S. cumini seeds powder were evaluated for their chemical composition e.g. carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fiber, moisture content and ash (77.27±2.50, 3.62±0.30, 6.25±0.55, 10.30±1.20 and 1.55±0.11 g/100g), respectively. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content was performed it was found that the methanolic and water extract had 52±1.65 and 40±1.25 mg GAE/g content. Free radical scavenging activity was also evaluated to estimate the antioxidant property of extract. Among tested extracts maximum % inhibition 96.61±1.90% was found in methanol extract and 69.30±1.56% in water extract, while BHT has % inhibition 50.70±1.32% at concentration 100 μg/ml. Similarly in reducing power activity assay the maximum absorbance 1.4704±0.05 was shown by methanol extract and 1.2075±0.03 in water extract of S. cumini seed powder respectively which was compared with BHT (0.9207±0.02). Therefore, it was concluded that these Syzygium Cumini L. seeds traditional medicinal plants provide a good source of nutrients, namely protein, fiber and natural antioxidants.
A Review on the Techniques for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Shahzadi Maria , Saeed Bareera , Khan Muhammad Azzam , Rashid Amna , Bilal Muhammad , Imtiaz Roma , Faridi Tallat Anwar
Published: December 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological condition in which there is rapid deterioration of the brain and it affects around 50 million people globally. The most obvious sign of Alzheimer’s is dementia which is primarily an affliction of old age. Majority of the people presenting with dementia in old age are Alzheimer’s patients. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are debilitating and have the ability to utterly disrupt a person's normal life. It is only discovered after this terrible disease has destroyed all neurons, thus there is little chance to cure it or reverse the adverse effects. There are two types of techniques for detecting Alzheimer's disease: invasive and non-invasive techniques. Invasive method obtains data from the patient bydrawing a small amount of blood or performing a lumbar puncture, whereas noninvasive method collects data using imaging techniques like MRI and CT scan. Invasive technique, on the other hand, is thought to be a more accurate indicator of Alzheimer's disease than non-invasive technique since it provides strong biomarkers. Once Alzheimer's disease has progressed to its final stage, it is incurable. Treatment is only viable when the disease is in its initial stages. Future treatments for Alzheimer's disease will focus on the causative maladies of neurofibrillary tangles (ptau) and senile plaques (A). The pathological traits connected to debilitating disease, special protein, b proteins, are critical for future therapeutics
النزاهة الاخلاقية لدى طلبة كليتي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة والفنون الجميلة
Authors: صبا عبد الكريم زغير  , د. ساهرة رزاق كاظم
Published: December 2022

هدفت الدراسة الحالية للتعرف على درجه الابعاد المجموع العام للنزاهة الاخلاقية لطلبة كليتي  التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة الفنون الجميلة حسب متغير (التخصص) استخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي ودراسة العلاقات الارتباطية والمقارنة في جمع وتحليل البيانات وتم اعتماد مقياس (علياء قاسم محمد ،2013)ومن اجل تحقيق اهداف البحث قامت الباحثتان بأعداد مقياس النزاهة الاخلاقية من خلال استخراج الصدق الظاهري بعرض  فقرات المقياس على مجموعه من الخبراء المختصين في مجال علم النفس و استخراج الثبات حيث تكون المقياس بصورته النهائية من (25) فقره موزعه على  ثلاث مجالات (المجال الاول البصيرة الاخلاقية (8) فقرات ،المجال الثاني السلوك الثابت (9) فقرات ،والمجال الثالث التبرير(8)فقرات ) حيث تكونت مفاتيح الإجابة من خمس بدائل تنطبق علي (تماما- غالبا –احيانا- نادرا) ،(لا تنطبق علي ابدا)وتكونت عينه البحث من طلبة جامعه بابل كليتي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة والبالغ عددهم (130) طالب (ذكور) والفنون الجميلة والبالغ عددهم (90) طالب (ذكور) للعام الدراسي الحالي 2021 -2022 وتوصلت الباحثتان الى وجود فروق معنويه ذات دلاله إحصائية في ابعاد والمجموع العام لمقياس النزاهة الاخلاقية لطلبة كليتي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة والفنون الجميلة حسب متغير (التخصص) ولصالح طلاب كليه التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة
أثر أسلوبي الإدخال التضمين والامري في تعلم بعض المهارات الكشفية
Authors: د. احمد مالك ابراهيم
Published: December 2022

ان الأساليب التعليمية المختلفة توفر للمدرس فرصة لاختيار الأسلوب الأمثل والملائم للبيئة التعليمية لكي يتمكن من تحقيق الأهداف التربوية والتعليمية وتنمية القدرات المختلفة للمتعلم، وقد تناول الباحث دراسة أسلوب الادخال والتضمين والأسلوب الامري في تعلم بعض المهارات الكشفية من خلال اعداد منهج تعليمي واحد يتم تعليمه للمتعلمين باستخدام الاسلوبين المذكورين. وكانت عينة البحث من الفرق الكشفية لمرحلة الكشاف المبتدئ (مرحلة الدراسة المتوسطة) من المدارس التابعة لقضاء تكريت المركز في محافظة صلاح الدين، تم اعتماد مجموعتين كلاهما تجريبية . وبعد الحصول على النتائج من خلال الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية ومعالجتها احصائياً، تبين ان كلا المجموعتين قد تعلموا المهارات الكشفية بشكل جيد باستخدام الاسلوبين إلا أن هناك افضلية في التعلم لأسلوب الادخال والتضمين، لذلك أوصى الباحث بضرورة استخدام أسلوب الادخال والتضمين في الوحدات التعليمية لما له من دور فعال في تعلم المهارات الأساسية