bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of noise-induced annoyance and fatigue in open-plan offices: comparison between hearing-impaired and normal-hearing listeners
Authors: PONCETTI Nicolas , PARIZET Etienne , GALY Edith , CHEVRET Patrick , BROCOLINI Laurent , PEYTCHEVA Vassia
Published: October 2024

Several studies outline a future scenario of longer working lives and later retirement, meaning that there could be a large number of elderly workers in offices. Add to this the natural effect of hearing loss due to ageing (presbycusis; which usually presents after the 5th decade of
life) and you have an open door to questions regarding the acoustic comfort of this group. In a first study, it was shown that the effect of intelligible speech on performance in a serial recall task is similar for listeners with normal hearing and presbycusis. The aim of this new experiment
is to assess whether any differences might occur when people are involved in a more ecologically valid task (long exposure to noise - 3 h/condition - and similar tasks to those performed in open-plan offices). Given the validation of a hearing loss simulator in previous studies, this one will
be used to reproduce the group of people with mild hearing loss (onset of presbycusis). Therefore, the same group of people (32 participants) with normal hearing will perform the experiment under two listening conditions, with and without the simulator. Each listening condition will have two
noise conditions, irrelevant speech, each with a different intelligibility level.
A framework in three different project stages to predict ground-borne noise of trains in railway tunnels
Authors: DASHTI Fatemeh , HöSTMAD Patrik , FORSSéN Jens
Published: October 2024

Trains passing through tunnels cause noise and vibrations that negatively affect nearby residents. Developing a model to effectively predict ground-borne noise in nearby buildings faces challenges in the early project phases due to limited available data. This study suggests a framework
for three stages based on precision and available information: location stage, planning stage, and construction stage. The first two stages correspond to determining the location and designing the railway track. The third stage involves the construction of the railway tunnel where more detailed
information may be acquired by measurements on site. The prediction model presented here is formulated as a source term and correction terms considering train type, track type, track treatment, train speed, distance attenuation, foundation coupling, and floor-to-floor attenuation. Moreover,
instead of using safety factors, which may cause unnecessary increase in project costs, the concept of combined uncertainty is applied here, using the estimated standard deviation of each term and the root sum of squares. Consequently, a comprehensive ground-borne noise prediction model adapted
to various stages and handling uncertainties is proposed.
Applicability of the theoretical formulations of C50 and U50 for predicting speech intelligibility in lecture halls
Authors: CHEN Keji , SAKUMA Tetsuya
Published: October 2024

Theoretical formulations of the clarity C50 and the useful-to-detrimental ratio U50 for speech intelligibility have been derived under the assumption of diffuse sound field, which could be useful for room acoustic design. However, their applicability to a variety of daily rooms is still
unclear. In this study, room impulse responses are measured in several lecture halls of various sizes with and without a sound reinforcement system, and the distributions of C50 and STI are obtained in each lecture hall. Then the theoretical values of C50 and U50 with and without Barron's
revision are compared with the measured values, considering a level of HVAC background noise. Additionally, the relationship between the measured STI and C50 or U50 is examined, and the proportion of seats in each grade of speech intelligibility is evaluated in each lecture hall.
Electroacoustic Liner for tonal and broadband noise attenuation of turbofans
Authors: DE BONO Emanuele , COLLET Manuel , OUISSE Morvan , LISSEK Hervé , VOLERY Maxime , BILLON Kevin , SERGEEV Stanislav , MARDJONO Jacky
Published: October 2024

The new generation of Ultra-High-By-Pass-Ratio (UHBR) turbofan engine while considerably reducing fuel consumption, threatens higher noise levels at low frequencies because of its larger diameter, lower number of blades and rotational speed. This is accompanied by a shorter nacelle,
leaving less available space for acoustic treatments. Therefore, alternative solutions to classic liners are required. The SALUTE H2020 project has taken up this challenge, proposing electro-active acoustic liners, made up of loudspeakers (actuators) and microphones (sensors). The electro-active
means allow to program the surface impedance on the electroacoustic liner, but also to conceive alternative boundary laws. Test-rigs of gradually increasing complexities have allowed to raise the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) up to 3-4. In this paper, we illustrate the control strategies
and the experimental results achieved on the Phare2 test-bench. Phare2 is a reproduction of a real turbofan (scale 1:3), available in the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics in the Ecole Centrale of Lyon. The noise attenuation accomplished by the electroacoustic liner is assessed by
an antenna of microphones surrounding the turbofan inlet, and two rings of microphones placed upstream and downstream the liner in the nacelle. Both broadband and tonal noise are targeted with very promising results.
Co-Becomings of Companionships
Authors: Innola Tuuli
Published: October 2024

This article explores the ways in which the couple-form and its normativity take part in the everyday life of companionships that are “other than couple” relationships. I develop the concept of affective negotiation to analyze the processes in which the companionships are experienced, practiced, and acknowledged. I study the affective negotiations particularly in relation to naming practices and comparisons and expectations around the relationship categories. The article is based on 20 semi-structured interviews with individuals who have important life companion(s) that they refer to as, for example, friends, flat-mates, animal companions, and ex-partners, or fields of multiple relationships. I analyze the data using feminist materialist methodologies and affect theories. Trough reading the data with the concept of co-becoming, I develop an understanding of companionships as dynamic processes lived and experienced in everyday life through entangled affective negotiations. I argue that the couple-form in the co-becomings of companionships in multiple and often contradictory ways. The normativity of the couple-form emerges through affective tensions that may limit the possibilities of these co-becomings, for example by troubling the processes of “making sense” of the intimacies. The co-becomings are also world-making practices where new ways of relating are created and imagined; they include the potential to move away from the normative power of the couple-form and materialize in unexpected ways.
Atendimento à paciente surda com o auxílio de um librário odontológico na Clínica Escola Gamaliel – um relato de experiência
Authors: Camargo Flávio Eduardo Paiva , Lima Silvana Ribeiro da Silva
Published: October 2024

A deficiência auditiva refere–se à redução parcial ou total da capacidade auditiva, sendo classificada como uma deficiência sensorial que pode impactar o desenvolvimento pessoal de um indivíduo. A Língua Brasileira de Sinais é uma forma de comunicação viso-espacial que utiliza um conjunto de gestos feitos pelas mãos e percebidos pelos olhos. A comunicação entre o paciente e o profissional de saúde é crucial para garantir um acolhimento adequado, diagnóstico preciso, seguimento do tratamento e educação em saúde. Portanto, a falta de profissionais treinados para atender e se comunicar eficazmente com pessoas surdas compromete seu direito ao acesso pleno e universal aos serviços de saúde. Em vista disso, objetivou-se com este artigo, relatar um atendimento à uma paciente surda utilizando um librário odontológico, realizado em uma Clínica Escola por alunos de Odontologia. A partir deste estudo, observou-se que o librário odontológico teve um impacto positivo na comunicação do cirurgião-dentista com o paciente, entretanto, notou-se que alguns termos específicos da odontologia não são conhecidos por essa comunidade, o que resultou em um obstáculo durante a consulta.
Impacto do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 na mortalidade de pacientes com COVID-19 internados em UTI: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo em um Hospital Terciário do Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Gabas Rafael Corio , Gabas Amélia Calza , Toyama Gisele
Published: October 2024

A doença causada pelo coronavírus Sars-CoV-2 foi relatada pela primeira vez em dezembro de 2019, em Wuhan, China. Em março de 2020, a OMS declarou estado de pandemia. O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 está associado à inflamação crônica, disfunções do sistema imunológico e maior expressão dos receptores ACE2, fatores que podem agravar a infecção por COVID-19. Pacientes diabéticos infectados pela COVID-19 apresentam maiores taxas de hospitalização e risco aumentado de pneumonia grave. Objetivo: Avaliar a mortalidade em pacientes diabéticos em comparação aos pacientes não diabéticos internados em UTI por COVID-19. Metodologia: Este estudo observacional retrospectivo incluiu 725 pacientes internados em UTI no Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná (HUOP) com RT-PCR positivo para SarsCov2 de abril de 2020 a junho de 2021. Como critério de inclusão para as análises estatísticas, foram considerados pacientes internados em UTI com todos os dados presentes, sendo excluídos aqueles com informações ausentes e aqueles internados em enfermaria. A amostra foi composta por 613 pacientes. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de prontuário eletrônico. Variáveis qualitativas foram analisadas usando o teste de Qui-quadrado. A avaliação de desfecho foi realizada entre os pacientes que tiveram alta, ou foram a óbito, sendo associadas com as variáveis Diabetes e outras comorbidades. Conclusão: Pacientes diabéticos apresentaram maior frequência de óbito em relação aos não diabéticos. Porém, esses pacientes também apresentaram uma maior média de idade, o que pode ser outro fator, além da doença, que contribuiu para essa maior frequência de óbitos.
Cenário epidemiológico da leucemia em idosos no Brasil: 2018 a 2023
Authors: Guedes Neto Pedro Vilar , Figueiredo Marcela Filgueiras Nogueira de , Medeiros Lara Costa Tavares de
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A leucemia é considerada uma das doenças hematológicas com maiores desafios, em especial, no paciente idoso tanto pelo somatório com outras patologias crônicas típicas da senilidade quanto pela maior prevalência e a maior dificuldade de manejo dela com o passar da idade. Portanto, estudar o seu perfil epidemiológico é crucial para compreender suas implicações e desafios na saúde pública. Objetivo: Caracterizar o cenário epidemiológico de idosos com leucemia no Brasil entre 2018 e 2023. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico descritivo baseado em dados do SINAN/DATASUS, coletados em novembro de 2023, sobre casos confirmados de leucemia em idosos no Brasil no período de 2018 a 2023. A pesquisa focalizou indivíduos diagnosticados com a referida patologia durante o período estabelecido.  As variáveis analisadas incluem sexo, faixa etaria, etnia , caráter de atendimento e tipos de leucemia. A análise foi realizada no software Windows Excel. Resultados: No período analisado, houveram 36.968 internações por leucemia em idosos, com maior prevalência da linhagem mieloide, da faixa etária de 60-69 anos, no ano de 2023, do sexo masculino, na região Sudeste, da etnia branca/parda e do atendimento de urgência. Conclusão: Compreender a epidemiologia da leucemia em idosos no Brasil é crucial para aprimorar a saúde pública, especialmente devido às condições crônicas e ao manejo desafiador dessa faixa etária. Portanto, é importante direcionar mais pesquisas para esse tema, pois há uma falta de estudos sobre o perfil epidemiológico da leucemia em idosos na literatura brasileira.
Perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos por traumatismo cranioencefálico nos últimos 5 anos no sudeste brasileiro
Authors: Lopes Júlia Andrade , Santos Ana Clara Santiago Barreto , Almeida Maria Mauricélia Lopes de , Cunha Brunno Alexandre Pereira da , Carvalho Ruth de Fátima , Ferreira Camilly Vitória Vieira , Cabral Marina Martins de Lima , Macedo Cândida Lisiê Fernandes Cosme , Araújo Pedro Victor Bezerra Magalhães de , Costa Thais Mendonça da , Rodrigues João Filipe Cavalcanti
Published: October 2024

O traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) é uma das principais causas de mortalidade no Brasil, particularmente na região Sudeste. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos por TCE entre 2019 e 2023. A pesquisa utilizou dados do DATASUS, focando em variáveis como sexo, faixa etária, e cor/raça. Observou-se um total de 23.312 óbitos no período, com destaque para o estado de São Paulo, que concentrou 53,35% dos casos. Homens representaram 78,55% das mortes, e indivíduos com 80 anos ou mais foram os mais afetados. Embora os dados apontem uma leve redução no número de óbitos em 2023, os números permanecem significativos. Conclui-se que, além dos impactos diretos na saúde, o TCE gera elevados custos econômicos e sociais, sendo necessária a implementação de políticas públicas para reduzir a mortalidade e melhorar o manejo da condição.
Epidemiological profile of patients undergoing hypospadias correction surgery at a hospital in Recife, Brazil, between 2022 and 2023
Authors: Souza Giselle Macedo de , Montenegro Marcela Vasconcelos , Parreiras Maria Eduarda Antunes , Santos Maria Clara Barros , Araújo Luiz Alberto Pereira de
Published: October 2024

Problem: Hypospadias is the second most common genital anomaly after undescended testicles, occurring in approximately 1 in every 250 male newborns. Objectives: The present paper aims to evaluate the surgeries performed to hypospadias repair in a hospital in Recife city from March 2022 to March 2023. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive study with a quantitative approach with secondary data from medical records. The study population consisted of 97 childrens and 99 surgeries. Results: The results showed that 49.5% of the patients presented with distal hypospadias. The most commonly used technique was Bracka, representing 31.3% of the cases. The mean age of the patients at the time of the first surgery was 5 to 9 years. Of the sample, 24.2% of the patients had complications, 41.7% of which were due to urethrocutaneous fistula. Conclusion: It was concluded that the age at the time of the first surgery was higher than that indicated in the literature. There was a slight prevalence of distal hypospadias to proximal hypospadias, evidencing a demand for complex hypospadias in this hospital.
Implantes guiados por planejamento digital: avanços na previsibilidade e eficiência
Authors: Lima Elvis Kerllys Oliveira Barboza de , Silva Ana Beatriz de Barros , Costa Maria Taywri Almeida , Araújo Rodolfo José Gomes de , Vasconcelos John Eversong Lucena de
Published: October 2024

Introdução: As tecnologias digitais, como tomografia computadorizada (TC), impressão tridimensional (3D), desenho assistido por computador (CAD) e manufatura assistida por computador (CAM), têm revolucionado a implantodontia. Essas inovações permitem um planejamento cirúrgico mais preciso, reduzem complicações intra e pós-operatórias e aumentam a previsibilidade dos resultados. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre a eficácia e precisão das cirurgias guiadas em implantodontia, destacando sua contribuição para um planejamento mais preciso e personalizado. Método: Foi conduzida uma revisão descritiva da literatura por meio de busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Biblioteca Nacional de medicina (PUB MED), utilizando os descritores "implantes dentários", "planejamento virtual", "cirurgia bucal" e "reabilitação bucal", nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, combinados entre si pelo operador booleano “AND”.Resultados: Os estudos revisados indicam que as cirurgias guiadas, quando corretamente indicadas e executadas, proporcionam alta precisão na colocação dos implantes, com aumento da satisfação dos pacientes. Entretanto, algumas limitações técnicas foram observadas.  Conclusão: As tecnologias digitais desempenham um papel crucial no avanço da prática clínica em implantodontia, contribuindo para melhores resultados estéticos e funcionais, com maior previsibilidade e segurança no planejamento cirúrgico.
Políticas voltadas para prevenção da Tuberculose no ambiente escolar em Moçambique – África
Authors: Bassiano Victor , Bassiano Fátima da Deolinda , Lima Claudia Araújo de , Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Ballestero Jaqueline Garcia de Almeida , Lima Mônica Cristina Ribeiro Alexandre d´Auria de , Palha Pedro Fredemir , Mitano Fernando
Published: October 2024

A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa que em Moçambique como outros países africanos constitui uma das maiores causas de mortes. As políticas de educação e saúde contemporâneas têm privilegiado a promoção da saúde escolar em uma perspectiva abrangente e integradora colocando escolares no centro da prevenção de doenças. Objetiva-se analisar a articulação de políticas de prevenção da tuberculose e indicadores sociodemográficos da doença, no âmbito do Programa Saúde Escolar em Moçambique.Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental que analisou produções científicas e documentos oficiais que têm recomendações, políticas, estratégias e pesquisas voltadas à prevenção da tuberculose em crianças. Para tanto, procedeu-se a Análise de Conjuntura, sob o olhar de Herbert José de Souza. O estudo revelou a falta de clareza nas normas para a implementação das políticas relacionadas à prevenção da tuberculose na escola. O que nos levou a compreender que não há envolvimento ativo de promotores da saúde escolar, entre outros prestadores de cuidados públicos, privados, comunitários e da sociedade civil, na identificação de casos novos e de tratamento adequado para os diagnosticados positivamente.
Пути повышения эффективности закупочной деятельности в условиях цифровизации
Authors: Горбунова Т.П.
Published: October 2024

Работа посвящена вопросам повышения эффективности закупочной деятельности с учетом анализа существующих отраслевых особенностей и проблемных зон, которые имеются в любой организации. Одним из приоритетных направлений является процесс непрерывного и системного мониторинга на всех этапах закупочной деятельности, заключающийся в централизации информационных потоков нескольких функциональных направлений путем создания единого окна для координации и консолидации информации в части контроля за обеспечением критичными материалами с использованием цифровых технологии и решений.

The work is devoted to the issues of increasing the efficiency of procurement activities, taking into account the analysis of existing industry features and problem areas inherent in any organization. One of the priority areas is the process of continuous and systemic monitoring at all stages of procurement activities, consisting in the centralization of information flows of several functional areas by creating a single window for coordination and consolidation of information in terms of control over the provision of critical materials using digital technology and solutions.
Анализ влияния ESG-факторов на оценку финансового состояния предприятия
Authors: Ханафиева И.Р. , Галяутдинова А.А.
Published: October 2024

Цель представленного исследования заключается в анализе влияния ESG-принципов на финансовый результат и финансовое состояние предприятия. Актуальность работы состоит в том, что на данный момент все больше и больше компаний стремятся соответствовать ESG-повестке, оценить влияние которой сложно ввиду достаточно короткого периода реализации. Новизна исследования заключается в совершенствовании методического подхода к финансовой диагностике предприятия с учетом ESG-факторов, в том числе в обосновании возможности интеграции данных факторов в регрессионную модель финансовой диагностики, а также в оценке возможностей применения передового зарубежного опыта в российских условиях.

The purpose of the presented study is to analyze the impact of ESG principles on the financial result and financial condition of the enterprise. The relevance of the work is that at the moment more and more companies strive to comply with the ESG agenda, the impact of which is difficult to assess due to the rather short period of implementation. The novelty of the study lies in improving the methodological approach to financial diagnostics of the enterprise taking into account ESG factors, including substantiation of the possibility of integrating these factors into the regression model of financial diagnostics, as well as in assessing the possibilities of applying advanced foreign experience in Russian conditions.
О методологии фундаментального анализа для повышения эффективности работы на рынке ценных бумаг России в условиях неопределённости
Authors: Гаврилина О.В. , Семушкин Н.С. , Альджабари М.А.
Published: October 2024

В настоящем исследовании рассмотрено применение методов фундаментального анализа в деятельности организаций на рынке ценных бумаг (на материалах ПАО «Сбербанк России»). Рассмотрена деятельность крупнейшего институционального инвестора и брокера, изложены результаты оценки состояния макроэкономики и отрасли в процессе фундаментального анализа рынка ценных бумаг. Авторами предпринята попытка совершенствования существующей методики фундаментального анализа организации-эмитента как объекта инвестиций с учётом неопределённости.

This study examines the application of fundamental analysis methods in the activities of organizations on the securities market using materials from PJSC Sberbank of Russia as an example. It focuses on the activity of a large institutional investor and brokerage firm and presents the results of analyzing the state of macroeconomics and industry through fundamental analysis of securities markets. The authors attempts to improve current methodology for fundamental analysis of issuers as investment objects by considering uncertainties.
Экономика впечатлений: теоретико-методологические аспекты
Authors: Байкова Э.Р. , Апокина К.В.
Published: October 2024

В последнее время наблюдается повышенный интерес к новой парадигме (новому аспекту?) экономической науки – «экономике впечатлений». Статья посвящена ключевым принципам данной концепции, в основе которой лежат эмоции потребителей в процессе приобретения товаров или услуг. Рассмотрены характерные признаки потребительского поведения. Даны рекомендации компаниям для управления впечатлениями и потребительским опытом.

Recently, there has been an increased interest in a new paradigm of economic science– the economy of impressions. The article is devoted to the key principles of this concept, which isbased on the emotions of consumers in the process ofpurchasing goods or services. The characteristic features of consumer behavior are considered. Recommendations are given tocompanies formanaging impressions and consumer experience.
Сравнение «иджары» в исламской модели финансирования и лизинга в конвенциональной финансовой модели
Authors: Бурвина И.М.
Published: October 2024

В статье описывается «иджара» – один из инструментов исламской модели финансов, которая также называется «партнерская финансовая модель» и представляет собой альтернативу обычной (конвенциональной) финансовой системе. Иджара – это аналог лизинга в конвенциональной финансовой модели, однако отличающийся от обычного лизинга тем, что соответствует канонам ислама. Проведен сравнительный анализ иджары с обычным лизингом. Показаны перспективы развития иджары в России с точки зрения привлечения иностранных инвестиционных ресурсов.

The article describes Ijara, one of the tools of the Islamic model of finance, which is also called the "partner financial model" and is an alternative to the conventional (conventional) financial system. Ijara is an analogue of leasing in the conventional financial model, but differs from conventional leasing in that it corresponds to the canons of Islami. A comparative analysis of Ijar with conventional leasing has been carried out. The prospects for the development of Ijar in Russia from the point of view of attracting foreign investment resources are shown.
Жизнь, прожитая в науке (к столетию профессора Аитова Н.А)
Authors: Насибуллин Р.Т.
Published: October 2024

Цель статьи – ознакомить уважаемого читателя с жизнью и творчеством известного ученого-социолога. Это не только познавательно, но и полезно в контексте перманентно протекающих в обществе попыток ввести в очередной раз «революционные» изменения в систему подготовки социологов в вузах[4]. Ведь в прошлые десятилетия не было никаких ФГОС, не было системы вузовской подготовки социологов, а социологи, которые обеспечили воскрещение социологии в стране после «хрущевской оттепели» – были. Они жили и работали в разных городах большой страны, проводили социологические исследования, не имея социологической профессиональной подготовки, полученной в вузах. Один из них – профессор Аитов Н.А., будучи филологом по вузовской специальности, получил известность в научном сообществе как основатель социологической научной школы. Поскольку человеку не дано объять необъятное, автору статьи пришлось сузить свой поисковый аппетит границами того, какой была история жизни проф. Аитова Н.А. и его творческое наследие.

The purpose of the article is to acquaint the dear reader with the life and work of the famous scientist–sociologist. This is not only informative, but also useful in the context of permanent attempts in society to introduce once again "revolutionary" changes in the system of training sociologists in universities [4]. After all, there were no Federal State Educational Standards, there was no system of university training of sociologists, but there were sociologists who ensured the resurrection of sociology in the country after the "Khrushchev thaw". They lived and worked in different cities of a large country, conducted sociological research, without having sociological professional training in universities. One of them, Professor Aitov N.A., being a philologist in a university specialty, became famous in the scientific community as the founder of the sociological scientific school. Since man is not given to embrace the immensity, the author of the article had to narrow his search appetite by the boundaries of what the life story of Prof. Aitova N.A. and his creative legacy.
Исследования занятости на промышленных предприятиях г. Уфы 1970-80-х гг.: что ценно и актуально сегодня?
Authors: Баймурзина Г.Р.
Published: October 2024

В статье показаны основные направления и некоторые результаты исследований, которые были проведены Уфимской социологической лабораторией Уфимского авиационного института им. С. Орджоникидзе под руководством Н.А. Аитова в период самого динамичного развития промышленности г. Уфы – в 1970–1980 гг. Показано, что многие вопросы, изучавшиеся в эти годы на промышленных предприятиях, перекликаются с современными проблемами, а систематизация опыта заводской социологии 1970–1980 гг. может быть полезной для разработки продуманной долгосрочной стратегии развития не только российской промышленности, укрепления ее конкурентоспособности, но и для стабильного социально-экономического развития г. Уфы.

The article shows the main directions and some results of the research conducted by the Ufa Sociological Laboratory of the Ufa Aviation Institute named after S. Ordzhonikidze under the leadership of N.A. Aitov during the most dynamic development of the Ufa industry – in 1970-1980. It is shown that many of the issues studied in these years at industrial enterprises echo modern problems, and the systematization of the experience of factory sociology in the 1970s and 1980s. It can be useful for developing a well-thought-out long-term development strategy not only for Russian industry, strengthening its competitiveness, but also for stable socio-economic development of Ufa.
Усложнение социальной структуры населения (на примере г. Уфы)
Authors: Валиахметов Р.М.
Published: October 2024

В статье анализируется социальная структура населения г. Уфы в контексте общих тенденций, изменений и трансформаций в российском обществе. Особое внимание уделено структурным сдвигам в количественном и качественном составе городского населения за последние десятилетия. В качестве информационной и эмпирической базы использованы данные официальной статистики и результаты систематических социальных исследований, выполненных уфимскими социологами в 1970–1990 гг. под руководством профессора Н.А. Аитова. Анализ полученных результатов свидетельствует о существенном усложнении социальной структуры, что находит отражение в социально-профессиональных, демографических и социально-экономических показателях развития г. Уфы и социальном поведении населения.

The article analyzes the social structure of the Ufa population in the context of general trends, changes and transformations in Russian society. Special attention is paid to the structural shifts in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the urban population over the past decades. The data of official statistics and the results of systematic social research carried out by Ufa sociologists in 1970–1990 under the guidance of Professor N.A. Aitov were used as an informational and empirical base. The analysis of the obtained results indicates a significant complication of the social structure, which is reflected in socio-professional, demographic and socio-economic indicators of development and social behavior of the population.
Тренды миграции в городе Уфе: историческая ретроспектива и современность
Authors: Ахметова Г.Ф.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются основные тенденции миграционных процессов, протекающих в столице Республике Башкортостан – городе Уфе. Автор, опираясь на результаты исследований ученых республики, изучавших в разное время те или иные аспекты развития города, стремится раскрыть особенности миграционных процессов в разные исторические периоды. В настоящее время Уфа привлекает мигрантов главным образом из республики и «теряет» свое население в результате межрегионального миграционного обмена. В связи с этим для г. Уфы актуальной является проблема снижения миграционного оттока трудоспособного населения и молодежи в другие регионы России.

The article examines the main trends of migration processes taking place in the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan – the city of Ufa. The author, based on the results of research by scientists of the republic who studied various aspects of the development of the city at different times, seeks to reveal the features of migration processes in different historical periods. Currently, Ufa attracts migrants mainly from the republic and "loses" its population as a result of interregional migration exchange. In this regard, for G. Ufa has an urgent problem of reducing the migration outflow of the able-bodied population and youth to other regions of Russia.
Особенности и подходы к цифровизации бизнеса
Authors: Резниченко П.Ю.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена определению особенностей и подходов к цифровизации бизнеса. В рамках исследования выделяются следующие подходы к цифровизации: процессный подход; стоимостный подход; целевой подход; подход, основанный на внедрении инструментов; комплексный подход через проектное управление. По итогам исследования делаются выводы о современных особенностях цифровизации бизнеса: комплексность формирующейся системы цифровизации бизнеса; постоянный учет динамики внешней среды и формирование подготовленных под её особенности решений,; управление изменениями с фокусом на трансформацию бизнес-модели, процессов и особенностей деятельности, переход к новым формам организации бизнеса и постепенное наращивание базы применяемых технологий и подходов к функционированию в условиях новой для бизнеса цифровой реальности.

The paper focuses on identifying the key characteristics and approaches to business digitalization. The study outlines several approaches to digitalization, including the process-oriented, value-based, target-oriented, tool-implementation, and comprehensive project management approaches. The findings emphasize the modern traits of business digitalization: the complexity of the emerging digitalization system, the ongoing consideration of external environment dynamics, and the development of solutions adapted to these dynamics. Additionally, the study highlights change management with an emphasis on transforming business models, processes, and operations, shifting to new organizational forms, and progressively expanding the technological base and methods used in the new digital reality faced by businesses.
Использование персональных компьютеров в современных условиях: математический подход в экономическом анализе
Authors: Нигматуллина Г.Р. , Сайфутдинова Л.Р. , Давлетшина Ф.Ф.
Published: October 2024

Персональные компьютеры стали незаменимым инструментом в различных сферах жизни, обеспечивая эффективность, доступ к информации, возможности для общения и платформу для творчества. В условиях стремительного развития технологий их важность продолжает расти, делая персональный компьютер ключевым элементом цифровой экосистемы. В целом, анализ числа персональных компьютеров предоставляет важную информацию, которая может быть использована в самых различных областях: от бизнеса и экономики до образования и разработки инфраструктуры.

Personal computers are becoming an indispensable tool in various walks of life, providing efficiency, access to information, opportunities for communication and a platform for creativity. With the rapid development of technology, their importance continues to grow, making the personal computer a key element of the digital ecosystem. Overall, analyzing the number of personal computers provides important information that can be used in a variety of fields, from business and economics to education and infrastructure development.
Создание агломерации смешанного типа на примере Уфимской агломерации
Authors: Гайнанов Д.А. , Кириллова С.А. , Уляева А.Г.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы создания смешанных агломераций на основе объединения территорий в рамках городских агломераций и опорных сельских населенных пунктов. Выявлены основные тенденции демографического развития сельских территорий в России, проведен анализ имеющейся нормативно-правовой базы и системы стратегирования сельских территорий. Изучен утвержденный в Республике Башкортостан перечень опорных населенных пунктов и предложено включить в качестве внешней зоны одной из городских агломераций республики (Уфимской) близкие к ней сельские территории, связанные с ней по социально-экономическим и географическим характеристикам. Организационное оформление смешанных агломераций позволит реализовывать на их территории механизм синхронизации мер государственной поддержки для городских и сельских территорий.

The article discusses the issues of creating mixed agglomerations based on the unification of territories within urban agglomerations and supporting rural settlements. The main trends in the demographic development of rural areas in Russia have been identified, an analysis of the existing regulatory framework and the system of strategizing rural areas has been carried out. The list of support settlements approved in the Republic of Bashkortostan has been studied and it has been proposed to include rural areas close to it, connected to it by socio-economic and geographical characteristics, as the external zone of one of the urban agglomerations of the republic (Ufa). The organizational design of mixed agglomerations will make it possible to implement on their territory a mechanism for synchronizing state support measures for urban and rural areas.
Селективная дорзальная ризотомия в лечении спастического синдрома у взрослых (обзор литературы). Часть 1: общие принципы, показания
Authors: Забродец Г.В. , Рушкевич Ю.Н. , Василевич Э.Н.
Published: October 2024

Цель. Изучить общие принципы селективной дорзальной ризотомии (СДР), подходы к определению показаний и оценке эффективности различных хирургических методик на основании современных научных данных для информирования широкого круга специалистов, занимающихся проблемой спастичности. Результаты. На основании обзора литературных данных изложены основные показания и противопоказания к хирургическому лечению спастичности методом СДР. Показаны различия в подходах среди взрослой популяции. Проведен анализ основных опубликованных результатов лечения спастичности при различной патологии у взрослых и перспектив развития данного направления в медицине. Заключение. Выполнение СДР применяется у взрослых пациентов с расширенными показаниями в сравнении с детской практикой. Для получения достоверных данных о результатах СДР требуются применение единых подходов к до- и послеоперационной оценке функциональных нарушений, набор большего количества пациентов одной этиологии и схожих возрастных групп.

Purpose. To highlight the general principles of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR), as well as approaches to determining indications and evaluating the efficacy of various surgical techniques based on current scientific data to inform a wide range of specialists dealing with the problem of spasticity. Results. The main indications and contraindications to surgical treatment of spasticity by SDR method are outlined on the basis of literature review. Differences in approaches among the adult population are shown. The main published results of spasticity treatment in adults with different pathologies are analyzed. Prospects for the development of this direction in medicine are outlined. Conclusion. SDR has proven favorable outcomes in adults with extended indications compared to pediatric population. To obtain more reliable data on SDR outcomes unified approaches to pre- and postoperative assessment of functional impairment and enrollment of a larger number of patients of the same etiology and similar age groups are required.
Проблемы вертеброневрологии: история вопроса и современный этап развития (обзор литературы)
Authors: Садоха К.А. , Курмашев В.И. , Кротов В.В. , Пасичниченко В.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье сделан обзор литературы по такой проблеме, как боль в спине (дорсалгия). Представлены источники дорсалгии, актуальность проблемы, история вопроса, терминология, некоторые аспекты патогенеза, Международная классификация болезней 10-го пересмотра, три типа Модик-изменений тел позвонков при магнитно-резонансной томографии у пациентов с грыжей межпозвоночного диска, причины спонтанного регресса грыжи диска, диагностика заболеваний с болью в спине, критерии неспецифической (скелетно-мышечной) боли, критерии мышечно-тонического и миофасциального болевых синдромов, радикулопатии, сигналы опасности и основные принципы терапии. В работе авторы приводят современную классификацию заболеваний – источников болевого синдрома в спине и их дифференциально-диагностические критерии.

The article reviews the literature on such an issue as back pain (dorsalgia). Sources of dorsalgia, relevance of the issue, background, terminology, several aspects of pathogenesis are presented. Back pain and the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision, three types of Modic changes in vertebral bodies on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with herniated disc, causes of spontaneous regression of herniated disc, diagnostic of conditions involving back pain, as well as criteria of nonspecific (musculoskeletal) pain, criteria of muscular and tonic and myofascial pain syndromes, radiculopathy, danger signals and basic principles of therapy are outlined. The authors give a modern classification of conditions being sources of back pain syndrome and their differential diagnostic criteria.
Пожарная опасность фасадных теплоизоляционных материалов при соблюдении требований взаимного расположения зданий
Authors: Леменков М.Д.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается устойчивость теплозащитных элементов фасадной системы к воздействию повышенных температур. Основное внимание уделяется анализу современных методов утепления фасадов зданий и их влиянию на энергосбережение. Рассматриваются нормативные величины противопожарного разрыва, случаи взаимного расположения зданий, а также оценка влияния теплового потока на теплоизоляционный слой фасадных штукатурных систем

The article discusses the resistance of heat-protective elements of the façade system to the effects of elevated temperatures. The main attention is paid to the analysis of modern methods of insulating building facades and their impact on energy saving. The standard values of the fire gap, cases of the relative position of buildings, as well as an assessment of the influence of heat flow on the thermal insulation layer of facade plaster systems are considered
Нанесение защитных покрытий на основе никеля как способ защиты деталей пожарной аварийно-спасательной техники и оборудования от коррозии
Authors: Говор Т.А. , Рева О.В.
Published: October 2024

Рассмотрена проблема повышенного износа и выхода из строя деталей пожарной аварийно-спасательной техники и оборудования по причине коррозии и способ ее решения. Проведено исследование закономерностей электрохимического синтеза никелевых покрытий из кислых кремнефтористых электролитов при варьировании ряда факторов

The problem of increased wear and failure of parts of fire rescue vehicles and equipment due to corrosion and a method for solving it are considered. A study was carried out of the patterns of electrochemical synthesis of nickel coatings from acidic silicofluoride electrolytes by varying a number of factors.
Кадровая политика МЧС России в концепции устойчивого развития общества
Authors: Карелин С.В. , Щербенко Е.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье раскрывается значимость формирования и влияние развития кадрового потенциала аспекты работы МЧС, включая профессионализм и компетентность спасателей, оперативность реагирования на вызовы, эффективность выполнения задач и координацию действий в экстремальных ситуациях. Акцентирована роль кадровой политики МЧС в обеспечении эффективного функционирования органов государственной власти и управления, описаны задачи и требования её построения, которые возникают перед ведомством. Уточнена необходимость проведения анализа и прогнозирования потребностей в кадрах, определения профессиональных и квалификационных требований, разработки системы подготовки и повышения квалификации специалистов, а также создания условий для их профессионального роста и развития.

The article reveals the importance of the formation and the impact of the development of human resources aspects of the work of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, including the professionalism and competence of rescuers, responsiveness to challenges, the effectiveness of tasks and coordination of actions in extreme situations. The role of the personnel policy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in ensuring the effective functioning of public authorities and management is emphasized, the tasks and requirements of its construction that arise before the department are described. The necessity of analyzing and forecasting personnel needs, determining professional and qualification requirements, developing a system for training and advanced training of specialists, as well as creating conditions for their professional growth and development is clarified.
Допустимое время проведения аварийно-спасательных работ в средствах индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания
Authors: Грибанов А.Ю.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрены важность газодымозащитной службы, аспекты работы данной службы в условиях, где воздух непригоден для дыхания, и факторы, влияющие на эффективность работы специалистов по газодымозащите. Рассмотрены цели тренировок специалистов по газодымозащите, произведено сравнение условий тренировок с реальными пожарами. Освещен вопрос влияния психологической подготовки газодымозащитников на тренировочных занятиях, учениях и в условиях пожара. Также анализируются отдельные аспекты подготовки газодымозащитников и их влияние на продолжительность работы в средствах индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания. Ключевые слова: газодымозащитная служба, газодымозащитник, средства индивидуальной защиты, время проведения аварийно-спасательных работ, время работы в средствах индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания

The article discusses the importance of the gas and smoke protection service, aspects of the work of this service in conditions where the air is unsuitable for breathing, and factors affecting the effectiveness of the work of gas and smoke protection specialists. The objectives of training specialists in gas and smoke protection are considered, and training conditions are compared with real fires. The issue of the influence of psychological training of gas and smoke defenders in training sessions, exercises and in fire conditions is highlighted. Separate aspects of the preparation of gas and smoke protectors and their impact on the duration of work in personal respiratory protective equipment are also analyzed
THE MAIN ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF FOREIGN STUDENTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DISCIPLINE "BUSINESS FOREIGN LANGUAGE"
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, SURKOVA E.V. , VISHNEVETSKAYA N.A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, ROMANOVA O.N. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the issues of formation of intercultural competence of foreign students within the discipline "Business foreign language, business Russian". Special attention is paid to the general description of the content of this discipline from the point of view of the Russian as foreign language, material is offered for working with foreign undergraduates and the tasks of developing intercultural competence are described: improving the language level, getting an idea of Russian business life, familiarization with official business and scientific discourse. The main difficulties of working with foreign students are considered. Special attention is paid to the traditional model of teaching business communication, an introduction to the peculiarities of oral business discourse and the main features of Russian business life is offered. The article outlines the prospect of methodological work on the discipline "Business foreign language and business Russian".
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE WITHIN THE DISCIPLINES OF THE HUMANITIES BLOCK
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, FROLOVA N.A. , ALESHCHANOVA I.V. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

The article examines the process of formation and improvement of one of the universal competencies - “communicative” (UC-4) at a technical university. Its main content, place and role in vocational education are determined. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the competence “Communication” is formed not by “assimilation” of certain theoretical knowledge, but by their regular application and integration into educational process general matrix, contributing to general professional and professional competencies communicative component formation. New academic discipline “Professional ethics and fundamentals of business communication” is of particular importance for engineering training. This discipline differs from “Psychology of professional communication”, “Business communication”, “Fundamentals of business communication” because communicative competence is formed here through the prism of moral and ethical norms of society and professional ethics Formation of full-fledged communication skills is impossible within the framework of only one academic discipline; therefore, it is recommended to include interdisciplinary connections and extracurricular activities potential. The results of the study confirmed humanitarian training relevance at a technical university and importance of UC-4 for future specialists. The study was conducted at the Kamyshin Technological Institute (branch) of Volgograd State Technical University (KTI VSTU).