bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angiogenic responses in the pregnant mouse uterus under uNK cell deletion and hypoxia
Authors: Lippe Eliana Mara Oliveira
Published: May 2018

Inadequate uterine vascular remodeling is associated with pregnancy complication. Pregnancy specific uterine Natural Killer (uNK) cells produce angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO) and interferon- (IFNγ), but hypoxic effects of uNK cell functions are unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on murine uNK cell driven vascular remodeling and on pregnancy outcome. At gestational day (gd) 7.5, normal CD1 mice and genetically-modified IL-15-/- mice that lack uNK cells were exposed to 48 h of 420 Torr hypoxia. Pregnancies were then assessed at gestation day (gd) 9.5 for decidual gene and protein expression, histopathology or litter size at birth. Hypoxia delayed CD1 fetal development, but term deliveries occurred, with the exception in IL-15-/- uNK deficient mice. VEGF protein and gene expressions were down-regulated, but not abrogate in the uNK deficient mice, suggesting an alternative source of this angiogenic factor independent of uNK cell. High eNOS/iNOS expression seems to be uterine compensatory response in the uNK deficient mice and it is probably by increasing NO release to stimulate local angiogenesis. The reduced successful pregnancy outcome is not related to uNK cell cytotoxic activity. Otherwise, the high incidence of pregnancy failure of IL-15-/- animals confirmed the benefit of uNK cells in the homeostasis of pregnant uteri.
Validation of cleaning procedures and sanitization of equipment in the fish industry by microbiological analysis
Authors: Abud Hélen Baptista , Silveira Erick Eduardo da , Silva Elaine Berges da , Lisboa-Neto Antônio Francisco da Silva , Santos Amilton Cesar dos , Biasi Caio
Published: May 2018

Data by the Pan-American Health Organization show that the death of about two million people a year and over 200 types of diseases are associated with increasing food contamination. Several types of technology and extensive legislation have been developed and targeted to this issue to reduce food microbiological load to safer levels and meet the expectations of increasingly demanding consumers. Current research investigates the process of sanitization of equipment and utensils in the fish industry by microbiological analyses. The study was conducted in a fish industry, installed in São Roque, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Swab technique was employed prior to cleaning and after sanitizing. Microbiological analysis comprised total counts of coliforms, fecal coliforms, psychrotrophic bacteria, mesophylls and Pseudomonas. In present study, microbiological analysis available in compendium of methods for the microbiological examinations of foods were useful for establish possible contamination by microorganisms. Correct sanitization throughout the manufacturing process has been targeted to maintain the quality and safety of the final product. Satisfactory results of present study may contribute to the discussion about standardization of sanitary procedures for fishing industry. Further research on the fishery industry should be undertaken to establish reliable standards to be employed nationwide.
Concurrent administration of methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) and diminazene aceturate enhanced survival rate and reduced parasitaemia in experimental murine Trypanosoma brucei Plimmer & Bradford, 1899 (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatida) infection
Authors: Anya D. K. , Eghianruwa K. I.
Published: May 2018

The efficacy of concurrent diminazene and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) extract in murine Trypanosoma brucei Plimmer & Bradford, 1899 (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatida) infection was evaluated. Two infected groups were treated with extract at 400 mg.kg-1 (G1) and 800 mg.kg-1 (G2) alone while another two groups received 400 mg.kg-1 (GD1) and 800 mg.kg-1 (GD2) of extract concurrently with diminazene 3.5 mg.kg-1 intraperitoneally. One infected group received diminazene 3.5 mg.kg-1 only (D) while another received 1 mg.kg-1 Tween 80 (C1) orally. The seventh group was uninfected and untreated (C2). Survival rate, parasitemia, liver weight, spleen weight, haematological indices were evaluated. Survival rates were 0% in C1, G1 and G2, 20% in D, 40% in GD2, 60% in GD1 and 100% in C2. Animals in groups G1, G2 and C1 died between 6 and 8 days pt. Parasitemia levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 than in GD1 and GD2 by day 16 post treatment. PCV and RBC counts were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in GD1, GD2 and D than in C2. Liver and spleen weights increased significantly (P < 0.05) due to infection and never fully recovered in all treatment options. Ginger (Z. officinale) extract enhanced diminazene efficacy by increasing survival rates and lowering parasitemia.
Aluminium tolerance: a determinant factor to cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae) productivity
Authors: Ologundudu Foluso , Ajayi Oluwatoyin , Ajayi Oluwaseun , Ajani Idowu , Oladipupo Seun
Published: May 2018

Alternative approach to mitigate the negative consequences of aluminium toxicity on cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae) productivity cannot be overemphasized. The effects of aluminium toxicity on some morphological parameters of five cowpea accessions were investigated with the aim of determining the threshold of tolerance for the crop. Five cowpea accessions were collected from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The seedlings were raised in perforated plastic pots filled with 10 kg of top soil and treated till maturity with 50 µm, 100 µm, 200 µm of AlCl3 while those irrigated with tap water served as the control (0 µm). Variations were observed among accessions and treatments as plant height was accession dependent in contrast to stem girth, number of branches, root growth and shoot growth. Suppression of root growth among the accessions were attributed to more carbon allocation to the shoot at the expense of shoot growth leading to chlorosis, necrosis and reduced photosynthetic capacity among the accessions. Accession 5 was adjudged the best among the accessions based on the response to aluminium treatment. However, further research on the mechanism of tolerance especially at the molecular level is highly recommended.
Tissue analysis of Brazilian gracile opossum digestory tube (Gracilinanus microtarsus Wagner, 1842) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae)
Authors: Lobo Luís Miguel , Santos Amilton Cesar dos , Rosa Ricardo Alexandre , Costa Gerlane de Medeiros , Carvalho Ana Flávia , Mançanares Celina Almeida Furlanetto
Published: May 2018

The alimentary habit reflects in the morphology of digestive organs. In this sense, microscopic studies are useful to analyze the tissue composition of each organ and allow greater comparisons with other marsupials described in the literature. For this reason, the aim of this study was realize a microscopic description of the digestive tube in Gracilinanus microtarsus Wagner, 1842 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Six adults specimens were used (3 males and 3 females). Samples from organs of digestive tube were fixed in 10% folmaldehyde solution. The samples were dehydrated in increasing concentrations of ethanol (70%-100%), diaphanized in xylol, paraffin-embedded, cut into a microtome and stained by H. E., Picrossirius, Schiff periodic acid, Toluidine Blue and Masson’s Trichrome. The material was analyzed and photographed through a Nikon Eclipse E-400 Photomicroscope. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the histological constitution of the digestive tube of G. microtarsus. It has been demonstrated that the digestive tube is formed by the esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and large intestine (cecum, colon and rectum). These organs were constituted by five distinct layers, a serosa coating externally the organ, a muscular, a submucosa, a muscular of the mucosa, and a mucosa with epithelium that varied between squamous keratinized in the esophagus to prismatic-type in the other organs. This study demonstrated that the digestive tube of animals studied is similar to that described in other marsupials Didelphidae described in the literature with the same food habit. Future immunohistochemical studies may demonstrate the enzymatic complex involved in digestion and the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the uptake of nutrients by the digestive tube in this species.
Epidemiological profile of blood donors diagnosed with syphilis in the State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lima Aline Cristina Figueiredo , Silva Joaquim Nylson Santos , Verde Roseane Mara Cardoso Lima , Nascimento Matheus Hipólito do , Nunes Joacilda da Conceição , Soares Leonardo Ferreira , Oliveira Evaldo Hipólito de
Published: May 2018

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. In the State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil, the units of the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Piauí (HEMOPI) receive blood donations to maintain the stock of blood and its derivatives. This study aimed to obtain epidemiological data on the frequency of syphilis in blood donors in the State of Piauí, from 2008 to 2013. This is a descriptive retrospective research based on secondary data with quantitative and exploratory analysis, in which the variables age, gender, school level, marital status, occupation, and municipality where the participants reside were recorded, analyzing the prevalence of syphilis in donors. A total of 233,927 volunteer donations were considered, of which 4,118 were positive for syphilis. The prevalence (1.76%) was analyzed using the ELISA technique, and it was relatively low among blood donations in comparison to other states. The most frequent donations were made by students in the Municipality of Teresina, downtown, and there was a statistically significant association for men, age group of 40-49 years, incomplete elementary school and married marital status. Therefore, it was concluded that the prevalence of syphilis in the State of Piauí is lower than in other states and that updated epidemiological data on the presence of syphilis in blood samples from blood donors has been generated.
A study of the alteration of ingredient composition according to the stored duration of green tea and puer tea
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Lee Ki-nam , Chun Yong-soon
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study is going on color, aroma, flavor affect how the changes in the chemical composition occurs when the tea was stored for a long time, sample green tea, green tea has been kept at room temperature storage period were selected by five kinds, five kinds of different storage periods were chosen. The main ingredient of tea catechins, caffeine, amino acids, vitamin C, chlorophyll Ingredients for the experimental method were analyzed with HPLC method. As a result, the ingredient changes by the storage periods. Especially the puer tea, which has a long after-fermentation period, has more ingredient changes than green tea. In addition, among the puer tea, Sukbyeong has much more decreases of ingredient if storage periods were same. However, green tea and puer tea are favorite food, so that people can choose the tea by their personal preferences in taste. Also the green tea that has a long storage period has an enough value in many ways.
The influence of blending tea and Crataegi Fructus on antioxidant activities and sensory evaluation
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Kwon Dong yeul , Chun Yong soon
Published: May 2018

This study aims to investigate appearance, infused leaps, color of tea, scent, taste, harmony of taste, scent and color through change of antioxidant activities eliminating oxygen free radical and sensory evaluation when blending one of modern people s beverages, tea(green tea, Korean black tea, yellow tea) known as its great antioxidant activities with Crataegi Fructus, which is famous for its lipid metabolism improving effect and antioxidant activities and makes a good match when blended with the teas since it contains bitter and sweet tastes and tepid properties.
As for tea, green tea, Korean black tea, yellow tea, and darjeeling tea were selected and used. Then we used Korean Crataegi Fructus available on the market easily. Experiment to evaluate antioxidant activity was DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity. We could find that blending tea and Crataegi Fructus together enhances antioxidant activity rather each tea was brewed alone.
The result of evaluation thorough sensory evaluation result chart on tea blending with Crataegi Fructus as that the tea blending Korean black tea and Crataegi Fructus got best score on 5 criterions: appearance, infused leaps, color of tea, taste, harmony of taste, scent and color except scent. In terms of sensual aspect, the antioxidant activity in the blending of the Korean black tea with Crataegi Fructus has increased with significance and the high sensual evaluation on the blend of yellow tea and Crataegi Fructus proved the possibility of product development.
Whitening effect of black tea extracts of Ungpo Region, Korea
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Sim Mi ok , Choi In young , Jung Su young
Published: May 2018

Black tea is one of the most popular fancy drinks in the world. Black tea commonly referred to as oxidative fermented tea . In the oxidative fermented phase, simple phenolics converse into more complex polyphenols such as theaflavins and thearubigins. Recently, the consumption of black tea has increased in Korea. Even though, various compositions and biological effects have been researched about black teas produced in Korea, there have not been evaluated about black tea of Ungpo region, Korea.
In this study, to evaluate the whitening effect black tea of Ungpo region, tyrosinase activities, melanin contents assay and the mRNA expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MIFF), tyrosinase-related protein(TRP)-1, and TRP-2 in B16F10 melanoma cells were performed with 50% ethanol extract of Black tea(BTE). BTE showed inhibitory effects of melanin contents and tyrosinase activity in α-MSH stimulated-B16F10 melanoma cells. The effects of BTE increased in a dose-dependent manner. BTE also suppressed the MITF, TRP-1 and TRP-2 mRNA levels which were associated with tyrosin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, the protein levels of MITF and TRP-2 by 250 μ g/mL of BTE were lower than them by Kokic acid(100 μg/mL).
These results indicate that the whitening effects of BTE is due to suppression of tyrosinase activities, melanogenesis, mRNA, and protein levels associated with melanin synthesis. In the conclusion, BTE could be used as an important material for the cosmeceutical industry and inner beauty fields utilizing the property of whitening.
A Study on the Appearance Sequence of Chinese Basic Tea
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Yoo Dong hun , Cho Kee jung
Published: May 2018

According to the study on 20 books that mentioned about basic tea in China, sequence of description is different from each books. It is desired that sequence of description also need to follow certain principle. Base on the principle, laid and studied time of appearance of basic tea. Conclusion is made with summarized consideration so far,
Chinese tea is generally classified under basic tea and reprocessed tea.
Chinese basic tea classified in six kinds and reclassified in 2-5 kinds according to several criteria.
Scholars who advanced a view on time of appearance and the origin are 陳椽, 程啓坤, and 于觀亭. Three people’s view can classified in two kinds.
陳椽and 程啓坤described as in order of origin of basic tea, Green tea, Yellow tea, Dark green tea, White tea, Black tea and Oolong tea.
于觀亭described as in order of time of appearance of basic tea.
The difference between two types of view are shown in White tea. 陳椽and 程啓坤view the White tea appeared earlier than the Black tea according to the 生曬茶 from 程啓坤’s『煮泉小品』(1554)
于觀亭view White tea appeared the last among the basic tea depend on the record of『政和縣誌』.
This manuscript followed 于觀亭’s view. 陳椽and 程啓坤laid the origin of white tea in three, variety, manufactured method and modern viewpoint. They found origin of white tea in manufactured method from『煮泉小品』. In modern viewpoint, because they found the origin of white tea from『政和縣誌』like 于觀亭, henceforward we can reach an agreement on next debate.
Current Situation and Development Characteristic of Chinese Tea Industry in the Recent 10 Years
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Kang Mi ae , Duan wen hua , Zhi xiu zhou
Published: May 2018

茶树原产中国西南地区, 现在有五大洲50多个国家生产茶叶。到2015年, 中国茶园面积287.7万公顷, 占世界茶园总面积的62%；干毛茶产量227.8万吨, 占世界总产量的43%。本文从7个方面分析了最近十多年来中国茶产业现状与特点, 主要包括生产规模持续快速扩张, 面积产量产值均快速增长；茶类结构发生比较大的变化, 绿茶占比有所下降, 红茶黑茶稳定增长, 不过绿茶产量仍占据很大优势；名优茶产量和产值所占比例不断增加；茶园无性系良种比例不断提高达到了56.5%；“三品一标”认证使茶叶质量与安全不断得到强化与保证；茶叶品牌经营程度有所提高, 走区域公用品牌＋企业产品品牌的发展战略为主；茶叶出口量值均有所增加, 但出口量基本趋于饱和。最后, 对未来一段时间中国茶产业的发展提出一些建议与看法, 以期更好地了解中国茶产业情况。

The tea plant is originated from the Southwest of China. Now, there are more than 50 countries in five continents produce tea in the world. In 2015, China has 2877 kilohectare tea garden, corresponding to 62% of the world tea acreage, 2278 kilotonne tea production, corresponding to 43% of the world total tea production. This paper provided a view of the current situation and development characteristic of Chinese tea industry in the recent 10 years, including the following aspects. The total scale increased stably with the acreage, production, and value of Chinese tea industry. The constituent ratio of different teas was changed, the ratio of green tea to total production slightly decreased, black and dark tea increased rapidly. Anyway, the amount of green tea is still in the dominant. Both the production and value ratio of premium teas to total production increased. The ratio of improved clonal tea cultivars to the tea acreage increased rapidly, reaching 56.5%. The quality and safety of Chinese tea has been strengthened and guaranteed by the official certifications of “Non-environmental pollution agricultural products, Green agricultural products, Organic agricultural products and Geographical indication agricultural products”. The brand management has gradually increased with the regional public brand plus enterprise product brand model. Both the tea export quantity and value slightly increased and the export quantity is gradually reaching the saturation. In the end of this paper, some suggestions and perspectives are raised for the near future of the development of Chinese tea industry in order to understand the situation easily.
A Study of Improvement of Quality Control of Tea
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Kim Gil ryeong
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to improve quality control of tea through quality evaluation of tea, and for methods of quality control, it inquired into subjects such as cultivation management, storage management, hygiene management and quality control. The purpose of quality evaluation of tea lies in producing fine-quality tea through improvement of tea manufacturing process and securing stable consumer market by providing good-quality tea for consumers. Furthermore, quality evaluation of tea aims to contribute to promoting smooth development of production and consumption of tea, by establishing order in the distribution market based on the indication system of objective quality and grade of tea. Quality evaluation of tea is divided into physiochemical quality evaluation and sensory quality evaluation. This study focused on sensory quality evaluation, which is the method of quality measurement in terms
of appearance evaluation (shape, color, gloss) and internal quality evaluation (solution color, aroma, flavor). For practical example of quality evaluation of tea, it referred to Premium Tea Selection Festival of the 41stBoseongDahyangFestivalof2015. The improvement plan for quality control can be proposed as follows: Firstly, it is necessary to establish quality system of tea production. Secondly, it is required to seek development of new quality control. Thirdly, once quality control standards are proposed according to use adequacy of customers, it will be directly applied to quality improvement of tea. Fourthly, the degree of evaluation can improve in terms of precision, fairness and reliability when sensory quality evaluation is carried out in company with physiochemical quality evaluation. Furthermore, quality control through quality evaluation of tea must be followed. In the process of cultivation management, it is essential to achieve mechanization and organized system of facilities not only for reduction of production cost but also for massive production of tea leaves of uniform quality. As for storage management, the optimum storage condition is -10℃ with anaerobic treatment on the grounds that this condition does not bring about decrease of color, aroma and flavor of tea. Regarding hygiene management and quality control, it is necessary to analyze hazard factors in the entire processes of manufacturing, distribution, sales and consumption of tea and
prepare an efficient management to improve quality control.
A Study on The Conception of Tea Culture of Dashim(茶心) Seol, Ok-Ja
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Jun Jung ae
Published: May 2018

An implement the spirit of Dashim(茶心) Seol, Ok-Ja, the tea ceremony education can be defined as the five virtues. Through the tea ceremony, discipline virtue, promote the reconciliation of family and do not lose the innocence of being a beginner, start with a mind to honor the elders, training as enjoyable with friends. Tea ceremonies of Dashim(茶心) Seol, Ok-Ja are classified as Life tea ceremony, Hospitable tea ceremony, Offering to buddha tea ceremony, Creative arts tea ceremony. Life tea ceremony, performed in everyday life with comfort and manners, introductory courses to learn the attitude towards the tea and manners of behavior in tea ceremony. Hospitable tea ceremony was placed when the country s major external events Life tea ceremony focusing modern life style, consciousness and the culture level, Hospitable tea ceremony focusing etiquette of hospitality culture. Offering Hospitable tea ceremony emphasized cultural etiquette rather than convenience. Using tea tools be more classy than Life tea ceremony s, also doing tea ceremony must be formal. Offering to buddha tea ceremony is ritual tea ceremony for the formulation and
practice of Buddhist tea culture. Ritual tea ceremony means formal tea ceremony to offer someone with respect and sacredness. Usually Dashim(茶心) Seol, Ok-Ja emphasized the importance of the ritual tea ceremony. She Emphasized the implementation of Buddhist Zen(禪) through offering to buddha tea ceremony. In Creative arts tea ceremony, she educated to be tea people with an artistic aesthetic. Implementation of the tea culture through domestic and international exchanges, international view of tea culture was established, tea culture of communication was implemented, these are view of tea culture in Dashim(茶心) Seol, Ok-Ja. Also she succeeded and contributed to the development of tea culture with literature studies. Through the writings and papers, expresses the spirit of the tea.
Public finance at scale for rural sanitation – a case of Swachh Bharat Mission, India
Authors: Mehta Meera
Published: May 2018

In 2014, the Indian Government embarked on a major programme to end open defecation. The government allocated significant public funds to ensure that the goal is reached by the year 2019. The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) programme for rural sanitation is ambitious and probably no government has ever attempted to tackle sanitation at this scale and with such a large financial commitment. The main objectives of this paper are to assess sufficiency of financial commitments for SBM and to review efficiency and effectiveness in fund utilization against its stated objectives. In a large country like India, the programme achievements are not even. Some states are on track while others will need more attention and more funds to ensure that the goal is reached by 2019. An important challenge is to ensure sustainability of open defecation free (ODF) villages and communities. Supplementing public finance with innovative financing is needed to ensure that lack of finance does not become a constraint in achieving the ODF status and to ensure sustainability.
Microbial contamination of non-household drinking water sources: a systematic review
Authors: Abebe Lydia , Karon Andrew J. , Koltun Andrew J. , Cronk Ryan D. , Bain Robert E. S. , Bartram Jamie
Published: May 2018

Drinking water in non-household settings (e.g. schools, health care facilities (HCFs), restaurants, and mass gatherings) that is free of contamination is important for human health, especially in settings with vulnerable populations who are more at risk from the use of unsafe drinking water, such as immunocompromised patients in HCFs and children at school. Few studies have characterized water quality in non-household settings. We examined the quality of drinking water in non-household settings using studies identified through a previous systematic review. This review evaluated the quality (Escherichia coli, thermotolerant coliforms, and total coliforms) of drinking water in non-household settings. We found that drinking water in non-household settings is often non-compliant with health-based standards as defined by the World Health Organization. More research is necessary to determine the extent to which drinking-water quality in non-household settings differs from community settings to better understand how to effectively and appropriately address their challenges unique to safe water in non-household settings. This is of particular relevance to public health since people spend much of their day outside the home where they may consume unsafe water.
Adaptive climate change resilient indigenous fisheries strategies in the floodplain wetlands of West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Roy Koushik , Karnatak Gunjan , Nandy Saurav Kumar
Published: May 2018

Floodplain wetlands are considered as biologically sensitive habitats and predicted to be the most impacted through climate change. They form an important fishery resource in West Bengal, India. Analysis of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) derived climatic data has revealed a unanimous warming trend (0.18–0.28 °C) and decreasing rainfall (135.6–257 mm) among the studied districts (North 24 Parganas, Nadia and Kolkata) of West Bengal over the last three decades. Four floodplain wetlands under cooperative fisheries management were studied during February 2015 and December 2015. Data were collected through a structured communication process involving multiple interviews through multiple rounds of surveys and also from secondary sources. Six climate smart fishery strategies could be identified, namely Temporary pre-summer enclosure, Submerged branch pile (Kata) refuge, Autumn stocking, Torch light fishing, Deep pool (Komor) refuge and Floating aquatic macrophyte refuge fishery (Pana chapa). Few of them are capable of serving as conservation tools by providing refuge during summer or water stress and maintaining base stocks in the wetlands for recruitment in the following monsoon season. The present paper discusses the climate smart nature of these pre-existing indigenous fishery strategies. These strategies need to be optimized and may be used for adoption of sustainable climate smart fisheries management in floodplain wetlands.
Sitios prioritarios para la conservación de la riqueza florística y el endemismo de la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Suárez-Mota Mario Ernesto , Villaseñor José Luis , Ramírez-Aguirre Marleny B.
Published: May 2018

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Una de las principales estrategias para la protección de la diversidad biológica es el establecimiento de sistemas de áreas para su conservación, cuyo manejo minimice los riesgos de extinción. Actualmente, en México las áreas protegidas cubren aproximadamente 12% de la superficie del país. No obstante, es necesario incrementar los esfuerzos de conservación de la diversidad vegetal, especialmente en las altitudes medias de las zonas montañosas del país. Oaxaca es uno de los estados con mayor diversidad biológica y endemismos; sin embargo, las áreas naturales protegidas que se encuentran decretadas en el estado no son suficientes para conservar su riqueza biológica. Este estudio se plantea con el objetivo de definir una red de áreas de conservación en la Sierra Norte del estado de Oaxaca, región que es reconocida por su biodiversidad. Es una zona de amplio aprovechamiento forestal y a la fecha no existen áreas decretadas para la conservación de su biodiversidad.Métodos: Usando datos climáticos y la información sobre registros de presencia de las especies de la familia Asteraceae, se elaboraron modelos de nicho ecológico para determinar patrones de riqueza e identificar sitios prioritarios de conservación.Resultados: Se identifica una red de sitios prioritarios para la conservación, dentro de las zonas con aprovechamiento forestal, que ayudarían en la conservación de la riqueza florística del estado.Conclusiones: Los resultados indican las áreas importantes donde se podrían plantear estrategias de conservación en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca. El uso de especies de Asteraceae como subrogados de la biodiversidad funcionaría como eje para concentrar futuros esfuerzos de inventario y de protección de la riqueza florística en tales sitios. La Red de Áreas de Conservación estructurada en este trabajo permitirá en un futuro detectar y seleccionar, con bases conceptuales más sólidas, áreas que se integren al Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas.
El uso ornamental de Guarianthe skinneri (Orchidaceae), en Chiapas y Guatemala, determina parcialmente su diversidad y estructura genética
Authors: Coutiño-Cortés Ana Gabriela , Bertolini Vincenzo , Archila Morales Fredy , Valle-Mora Javier , Iracheta-Donjuan Leobardo , García-Bautista Maricela , Ruiz-Montoya Lorena
Published: May 2018

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Guarianthe skinneri es una orquídea nativa de Chiapas, México, con distribución centroamericana, objeto de extracción y comercio ilícito; por esta razón, está catalogada como amenazada en la Norma Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. En la región del Soconusco (Chiapas, México) y Guatemala, se le denomina “Candelaria”, debido a que su época de floración coincide con las fechas de la homónima virgen. En la ciudad de Tapachula (Chiapas, México), es común encontrar individuos de esta especie en los patios de domicilios particulares. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la diversidad y estructura genética de G. skinneri a partir de muestras obtenidas de una población urbana de Tapachula y de su comparación con cinco poblaciones silvestres de Guatemala, para determinar el potencial de la población urbana como fuente de propágulos y averiguar si la distancia genética entre poblaciones se relaciona con la distancia geográfica que las separa.Métodos: Como marcador genético se utilizó la variación nucleotídica en secuencias de dos regiones de ADN nuclear ribosomal (ITS 1-2 y ITS 3-4). Se concatenaron las secuencias y se obtuvieron los parámetros convencionales de diversidad y estructura genética.Resultados clave: Se observaron poblaciones desde bajos hasta altos niveles de diversidad genética. Se registró un total de 38 haplotipos cuyo número entre poblaciones osciló entre 1 y 15. La diversidad haplotípica (Hd) estuvo entre 0 y 1, el número promedio de sitios polimórficos entre 0 y 165. La diversidad nucleotídica (π) y el número promedio de diferencias nucleotídicas muestran que Tapachula tuvo la mayor diversidad, seguida por poblaciones de Guatemala. La estructura genética fue moderada (Fst=0.083) y la distancia genética no se asoció con la distancia geográfica de las poblaciones.Conclusiones: Los patrones de diversidad y estructura genética entre poblaciones se atribuyen a factores antropogénicos derivados de su uso ornamental, especialmente en la ciudad de Tapachula.
Contenido nutrimental en hojas de Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae), relacionado con su fenología en una laguna tropical del Golfo de California, México
Authors: Benítez-Pardo Daniel , Benítez-Hernández Asahel , Flores-de-Santiago Francisco , Amador-Cruz Francisco
Published: May 2018

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los eventos fenológicos en manglares suelen estar influidos por factores como la salinidad del agua, fotoperiodo y/o temperatura ambiental. Esto se ha documentado principalmente para especies de la familia Rhizophoraceae y Acanthaceae; sin embargo, son limitados los estudios accesibles para la familia Combretaceae, p. ej. Laguncularia racemosa.Métodos: Se colectaron durante un año, mensualmente, de tres a cuatro hojas del antepenúltimo y penúltimo entrenudo de las ramas de 10 árboles de Laguncularia racemosa. La colecta de hojas se realizó teniendo en cuenta ocho etapas fenológicas. Los nutrientes analizados en las hojas fueron: N total, PO, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO, Na+, Fe2+, Cu2+, B (H3BO3), Mn2+ y Zn2+. Adicionalmente, 10 muestras de agua intersticial (para medir iones mayores) y sedimento (para medir el pH y cuantificar el contenido de materia orgánica) se tomaron a una profundidad de entre 0.3 a 0.6 m.Resultados clave: Los nutrientes K+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, y N total presentaron valores máximos a lo largo del desarrollo de la brotación vegetativa hasta el desarrollo de “frutos”, lo cual significa que la mayor importancia de estos nutrientes es en la producción de “frutos”. El Na+ mostró su mayor concentración (22.8 g kg-1) en la fase de inicio de floración y la mínima durante la quiescencia (8.7 g kg-1). En contraste, el SO, PO, Cu2+, B (H3BO3), Zn2+ no presentaron diferencias. Finalmente, el Mn2+ presentó 109 mg kg-1 al final de la brotación vegetativa y 34 mg kg-1 en la madurez y caída de “frutos”.Conclusiones: En la absorción de nutrientes son importantes las etapas fenológicas y las condiciones climáticas locales.
Google Searches and Suicide Rates in Spain, 2004-2013: Correlation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jimenez Alberto , Santed-Germán Miguel-Angel , Ramos Victoria
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Different studies have suggested that web search data are useful in forecasting several phenomena from the field of economics to epidemiology or health issues.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to (1) evaluate the correlation between suicide rates released by the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) and internet search trends in Spain reported by Google Trends (GT) for 57 suicide-related terms representing major known risks of suicide and an analysis of these results using a linear regression model and (2) study the differential association between male and female suicide rates published by the INE and internet searches of these 57 terms.

METHODS

The study period was from 2004 to 2013. In this study, suicide data were collected from (1) Spain’s INE and (2) local internet search data from GT, both from January 2004 to December 2013. We investigated and validated 57 suicide-related terms already tested in scientific studies before 2015 that would be the best predictors of new suicide cases. We then evaluated the nowcasting effects of a GT search through a cross-correlation analysis and by linear regression of the suicide incidence data with the GT data.

RESULTS

Suicide rates in Spain in the study period were positively associated (r<-0.2) for the general population with the search volume for 7 terms and negatively for 1 from the 57 terms used in previous studies. Suicide rates for men were found to be significantly different than those of women. The search term, “allergy,” demonstrated a lead effect for new suicide cases (r=0.513; P=.001). The next significant correlating terms for those 57 studied were “antidepressant,” “alcohol abstinence,” “relationship breakup” (r=0.295, P=.001; r=0.295, P=.001; and r=0.268, P=.002, respectively). Significantly different results were obtained for men and women. Search terms that correlate with suicide rates of women are consistent with previous studies, showing that the incidence of depression is higher in women than in men, and showing different gender searching patterns.

CONCLUSIONS

A better understanding of internet search behavior of both men and women in relation to suicide and related topics may help design effective suicide prevention programs based on information provided by search robots and other big data sources.
Exploring Health Information-Seeking Preferences of Older Adults With Hypertension: Quasi-Experimental Design (Preprint)
Authors: Sak Gabriele , Schulz Peter Johannes
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Patients’ engagement in health care decision making is constituted by at least two behaviors: health information seeking and active involvement in medical decisions. Previous research reported that older adults desire a lot of information, but want to participate in decision making to a lesser degree. However, there is only limited evidence on the effect of desire for health information on seniors’ perceived confidence in making an informed choice (ie, decision self-efficacy).

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to investigate the role desire for health information has for older patients. More specifically, it tested whether decision self-efficacy increases as a function of an assisted computer-based information search. Additionally, the study allowed insights into the sources seniors with hypertension prefer to consult.

METHODS

A sample of 101 senior citizens (aged ≥60 years) with high blood pressure in the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland answered a questionnaire before and after an informational intervention was applied. The intervention consisted of offering additional information on hypertension from five different sources and of providing the information the participant desired. Preference for receiving this information was the major independent variable. The main outcome measure was decision self-efficacy (assessed at baseline and posttest). Analyses of covariance were conducted to detect differences between and within who desired additional hypertension-related content (intervention group) and “information avoiders” (control group).

RESULTS

Health care professionals firmly remain the preferred and most trusted source of health information for senior patients. The second most consulted source was the internet (intervention group only). However, among the total sample, the internet obtained the lowest credibility score. A significant increase in decision self-efficacy occurred in seniors consulting additional information compared to information avoiders (F1,93=28.25, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Consulting health information on a computer screen, and assistance by a computer-savvy person, may be a helpful activity to increase perceived confidence in making treatment decisions in seniors with hypertension.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI INTERNET BASED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURE PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Hardianto Jalasena Putra , Ulum Ihyaul , Anwar A. Syaiful Hidayat
Published: May 2018

This study aims to knowing the determinants of internet based corporate governance disclosureby Indonesian Banking Companies Listed. Internet based corporate governance disclosure usedan dependent variable and measured using 22 aspect that disclosure on official website. Size ofCompanies, Age of Companies Listed, and Dispertion Ownership used an independent variable.Size of Company measured using Log of Total Asset. Age Of companies Listed measured usingdifference of date companies listed minus date of research. Dispertion ownership measuredusing ownership of stock e”5%. Analysis techniques data using WarpPLS 3.0. This study foundSize of Companies positively and significantly effect to IBCGD. Age of Companies Listed andDispertion Ownership haven’t effect to IBCGD.Ke ywords: Internet Based Corporate Governance Disclosure (IBCGD), Size of Companies,Age of Companies Listed, Dispertion Ownership
Serial Measurement of Natriuretic Peptides and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the EXAMINE Trial
Authors: Jarolim Petr , White William B. , Cannon Christopher P. , Gao Qi , Morrow David A.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

Patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of developing heart failure (HF). Enhanced recognition of patients at risk for HF would help guide therapeutic decisions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We investigated the prognostic implications of changes in N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease who were enrolled in the Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care (EXAMINE) trial, a phase 3b trial of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome event were eligible. NT-proBNP was measured at baseline and 6 months. Cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for HF was the end point of principal interest for this analysis.

RESULTS

We observed a strong graded relationship between increasing baseline and 6-month NT-proBNP concentration and the incidence of major CV events (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, NT-proBNP at baseline was independently associated with the development of major CV events, in particular hospitalization for HF. Patients who had persistently high NT-proBNP (P < 0.001) or developed high NT-proBNP at 6 months (P < 0.001) were at a significantly higher risk for CV death/HF than those in whom NT-proBNP remained low at both time points or who had a high NT-proBNP value at baseline that subsequently declined to the low category. Absolute changes in NT-proBNP by 6 months were also strongly associated with subsequent outcomes. Treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor did not meaningfully alter NT-proBNP concentrations (P = 0.20).

CONCLUSIONS

Serial monitoring of NT-proBNP in patients with type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease may be useful for identifying patients at highest risk for HF.
The Threat of the Impossible
Authors: Galbraith John Kenneth , Galbraith James K.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the question of inflation during the tenure of Franklin D. Roosevelt. The election of Roosevelt as president of the United States in 1933 had deepened the fear of inflation. A few economists began to argue for the commodity dollar—for a currency that owed its merit not to its gold content but to its constant purchasing power. This constant purchasing power, it was believed, was true currency stabilization. The Economic and Monetary Conference of 1933 hoped to allow the countries that were still on the gold standard to persuade those that had departed gold to stabilize their currencies. The chapter considers the views of John Maynard Keynes regarding Roosevelt's stand on inflation and Irving Fisher's equation of exchange in which he insisted that money supply should be varied in such fashion as to keep prices stable. It also discusses the Federal Reserve System's monetary policy.
The Beautiful World
Authors: Fortnow Lance
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines an efficient algorithm that solves NP problems, the Urbana algorithm. With the Urbana algorithm one can solve all the NP problems quickly, finding the simplest program that classifies data becomes an easy programming exercise. All one needs do is feed in lots of data and the algorithm does the rest. And that lets one learn just about everything. If it turns out that P = NP and the world has efficient algorithms for all NP problems, it will change in ways that will make the Internet seem like a footnote in history. Not only would it be impossible to describe all these changes but the biggest implications of the new technologies would be impossible to predict.
Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Okula Uyumları Hakkında Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: KİREMİT Rahime Filiz , AKPINAR Ümmühan , TÜFEKCİ AKCAN Aysel
Published: May 2018

Sonuç ve Öneriler: Araştırmanın bulgularına dayalı olarak,
Suriyeli öğrenciler için planlı bir eğitim ve uyum programı hazırlanması ve
öğretmenlere hizmet içi eğitim verilmesi önerilmektedir.

Bulgular: Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, Suriyeli öğrencilerin
yaşadıkları en büyük problemin Türkçe bilmemeleri ve akranları ile uyum sorunu
yaşamaları olduğu; sınıfında Suriyeli öğrenci bulunan öğretmenlerin yaşadıkları
en büyük problemlerin ise, Suriyeli öğrencilerle iletişim kuramamak ve onları
eğitim-öğretim sürecine katamamak olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Yöntem: Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla
toplanmış ve içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir.

Problem durumu: Bu çalışmanın amacı, eğitimlerine Türkiye’deki
okullarda devam eden Suriyeli çocukların okula uyum süreçleri hakkında
öğretmenlerin görüşlerinin alınmasıdır.
ANALISIS BAHAN AJAR PADA MATA KULIAH KALKULUS LANJUT
Authors: Farida Nurul , Agustina Rina
Published: May 2018

Teaching materials are learning resources in the form of materials or materials arranged systematically to help educators in learning so that learners are able to master the competence to be achieved. Based on the results of prasurvey obtained results that not yet available teaching materials that are able to facilitate, find, and develop mathematical concepts in advanced calculus course. Inquiry is a learning activity that emphasizes the critical thinking process and analysis to find and solve the problems until get a conclusion.This study aims to analyze the process of preparing the teaching material based inqury in Advanced Calculus course. The results obtained from this study are the teaching material based inqury in Advanced Calculus course which received an average validation score of 63% in the eligible categories of language, instructional design, and materials, and it can be implementation in advanced calculus learning.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS E LEARNING PADA MATAKULIAH EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Vahlia Ira
Published: May 2018

The ability to evaluate learning is a basic skill that must be mastered by students as prospective teachers. Based on this, it is necessary a teaching materials that help students and lecturers during the lecture. Students can know and understand about learning evaluation. In addition, the existence of teaching materials can help students to improve students' skills in understanding the material. In order for students to learn independently and adapt to technology, e-learning is needed based on teaching materials where lecturers do not have to guide students one by one, but the students can also help each other with the help of internet. The research was conducted at Muhammadiyah University of Metro and the subject of the research was 6th semester students consisting of 2 classes. Class A as an experimental class whereas class B as control class. The development of e-learning-based teaching materials uses the main 4-D development model of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate or adapted into 4-P model, defining, designing, developing, and deploying. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Teaching materials based on e-learning can support lecturing evaluation of learning in mathematics education program. This can be seen from the percentage of student response questionnaires of 80% that fulfill the criteria is quite valid; 2) Teaching materials based on e-learning can optimize student learning outcomes. This can be shown in student learning outcomes that achieve optimal learning outcomes of 87.5%