bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Attempt to Identify Predictors of Test-Wiseness
Authors: Dolly John P. , Vick Denise S.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate potential predictors of test-wiseness, including self-perception of test-taking ability and a test-wiseness score on a multiple-choice test which served as a pretest for subsequent training on guessing strategies. Specific strategies incorporated into the test were (1) midrange, (2) length of option, (3) deduction, and (4) similarity/oppositeness. Five test items for each strategy and five items which were determined to be nonsusceptible to test-wiseness were included. The two predictor measures were administered to experimental ( n = 19) and control ( n = 22) groups as was a posttest measure similar to the pretest. Analyses indicated that test-wiseness can be predicted from pretest score, grade point average, and subjects' test-taking perceptions. Subjects who had a GPA below 3.5, scored below 70% on the pretest or perceived themselves as poor test-takers benefited the most from the training.
Comparison of Outcomes of Behavioral Family Therapy Given Families with Children and Families with Adolescents
Authors: Molineux J. Bailey , Hamilton Tom
Published: August 2011

In a modified replication of an earlier study, 92 parents from 55 families with behaviorally disordered offspring were telephoned 6 to 12 months after termination of therapy to inquire about the presenting problem and family functioning. In the Child Program, 28 families were taught to decide on clear rules, reward acceptable behavior, and give time-out for unacceptable behavior. In the Adolescent Program, 27 families were taught communication, negotiating, and contracting skills. A significant difference was found in reported improvement between families who completed treatment and those who dropped out for the presenting problem but not for family functioning. Significantly more parents in the Child Program reported an improvement than those in the Adolescent Program. Children may respond more favorably to a behavioral intervention by their parents than adolescents because parents of children have greater control and there is less chronicity of misbehavior.
Corrected Statistical Analysis Suggests Casual Transmission of Aids in the African Study of the Centers for Disease Control
Authors: Cameron Paul
Published: August 2011

Utilization of households as the unit of analysis suggests transmission of the AIDS virus in Zaire.
Factor Structure of the Death Concern Scale: A Replication
Authors: Hammer Suzanne C. , Brookings Jeffrey B.
Published: August 2011

An item factor analysis of the Death Concern Scale replicated the results of a previous study which indicated that the scale measures two modrately correlated components, Conscious Contemplation and Negative Evaluation. Coefficients of congruence for matching factors from the two studies were .96 and .92, respectively. It was concluded, however, that the authors of the previous study recommended the deletion of several items from the scale solely on the basis of a questionable judgmental criterion and that these items should instead be retained.
Traditional Holidays and Suicide
Authors: Sparhawk Thomas G.
Published: August 2011

This work examined the relationship between traditional National holidays and suicide. Using a base of 13,651 cases, only for Christmas was there a statistically significant suppressing effect on suicide. For all four of the holidays examined there were fewer than the expected number of suicides during the weeks before and centered on the holiday. The week following these holidays, however, showed the reverse pattern, indicating a release of the suppressing effect associated with the holiday.
Dog Ownership: A Complex Web?
Authors: Case Deena B.
Published: August 2011

Current interest in pets and their therapeutic effects has created a need for comprehensive model of pet ownership. Although Kling and Scacchi's (1982) web model was designed to explain organizational computing systems, it makes a useful metaphor for dog ownership. The web model considers the resource to be an ensemble of equipment, applications and techniques, with costs and benefits only partially identifiable. A complex infrastructure is necessary to support the resource. Both resource and infrastructure are social objects, highly charged with meaning. Points from the web model were compared with examples from human-animal bond literature and the author's experience.
Causes of Depression in College Students: A Cross-Lagged Panel Correlational Analysis
Authors: Rich Alexander R. , Scovel Martha
Published: August 2011

A study was conducted over a 6-wk. period to investigate factors associated with the development of depression among college students. Subjects were 134 first-semester freshmen conscripted from the general psychology subject pool. Scores were obtained from self-report questionnaires involving measures of life events, social support, and cognitive appraisal at the beginning of the semester and again later. The result of stepwise multiple regression analyses of Time 1 and Time 2 administrations indicated that the variables most strongly and consistently associated with depression were loneliness, interpersonal mistrust, and neuroticism. Two-panel cross-lagged correlational analyses indicated that loneliness preceded depression. Moreover, the data suggested that interpersonal mistrust and neuroticism were related to depression through the variable of loneliness.
Sexual Arousal and Aggression in a Free-Choice Situation
Authors: Graves Wayne , Lynch Denis J.
Published: August 2011

The effect of sexual arousal on the administration of pleasure or pain to a rat was studied. The subjects were 40 male college students, half were induced to sexual arousal through reading erotic passages while the rest read neutral passages. Subjects were placed in a simulated teaching situation, with a laboratory rat being the apparent learner. Pleasurable and painful stimulation were available as teaching aids. No differences between the aroused and nonaroused groups were noted in intensity of stimulation applied; however, aroused subjects administered pain of greater duration than nonaroused subjects. This finding was attributed to a disinhibition effect operating in the aroused group. Such a difference might lead the aroused subjects to be labelled as more aggressive.
A Cross-Validation of the Factor Structure of the Profile of Mood States: Were the Factors Correctly Identified in the First Instance?
Authors: Boyle Gregory J.
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated further the factorial structure of the Profile of Mood States in an Australian college sample of 289 undergraduate students. Responses for all 65 items were intercorrelated and subjected to an iterative principal factoring procedure together with rotation to oblique simple structure. Results indicated that the basic subscale structure of the profile is reliable, although some additional factors of emotionality could be discerned. A subsequent higher-order analysis suggested that at the typological mood-state level, the Profile of Mood States primarily indexes three state dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Arousal.
Self-Control, Locus of Control and Social Status in Children
Authors: Ferrer Millie , Krantz Murray
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship between locus of control and self-control and the effects of these “control” variables on achievement of social status by children. Teachers rated 50 third-grade and 54 fifth-grade children on the Kendall-Wilcox Self-control Rating Scale and the children completed the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children. Social acceptance and rejection scores were derived from socio-metric nominations. Internality and self-control were positively correlated for children in Grades 3 and 5. Self-control was negatively correlated to social rejection at both grades. Internality and self-control combined to predict social acceptance at Grade 5.
MMPI Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Alcoholic Vietnam Veterans
Authors: Koretzky Martin B. , Rosenoer Alexis S. V.
Published: August 2011

One hundred Vietnam-era male veterans in a Veterans Administration. 28-day inpatient alcohol treatment program were classified into combat and noncombat groups according to whether they served in Vietnam or elsewhere during the Vietnam conflict. The MMPI scores of the two groups were compared according to a diagnostic decision-rule developed by Keane, Malloy, and Fairbank in 1984 for posttraumatic stress disorder. Chi-squared analysis showed that the combat group passed the decision-rule in significantly higher numbers than the noncombat group. The results provide evidence that the F-2-8 decision-rule to determine this diagnosis applies to alcoholic as well as nonalcoholic populations.
Validity of Using Bem Sex-Role Inventory Norms on other Samples: Analysis of a Southern Sample
Authors: Faulkender Patricia J.
Published: August 2011

Bern Sex-role Inventory norms are compared to norms based on samples taken at a southern university. The Southern sample used 374 female undergraduates and 217 male undergraduates in standardizing the long form and 266 female and 131 males on the short form of Bern's inventory. It was hypothesized that the local sample would have higher stereotyped scores than the Bern norms. Using weighted means and combining the sexes, both the feminine and masculine scores were significantly higher than the Stanford normative sample on both forms. Analyzing data for the sexes separately, both Southern women and men were significantly higher on femininity than the published norms on both forms, and both were significantly higher on masculinity on the short form, but only Southern men were significantly higher than Bern's norms for masculinity on the long form. Chi-squared tests on the effect of different median scores on sex-role group assignment indicated significant differences in group assignments for several comparisons. These differences are discussed, test-retest reliabilities are reported, and methodological issues for researchers to consider are suggested.
Performance Evaluation: A Case for the Use of Consensus Ratings
Authors: Kleiman Lawrence S. , Lounsbury John W. , Faley Robert H.
Published: August 2011

Data from a sample of government research scientists were used to compare the psychometric properties of pooled and consensus ratings of job performance. It was hypothesized that consensus ratings would possess less halo and leniency error and greater validity than would pooled ratings. The findings supported the halo hypothesis and partially supported the validity hypothesis. Given the severity of the “criterion problem” in validation research, further research was recommended to extend the generalizability of these findings to other performance appraisal settings.
Lloyd Silverman (1930–1986): A Personal Appreciation
Authors: Weinberger Joel
Published: August 2011

Lloyd Silverman made significant contributions to psychoanalytic theory and research by bringing its propositions into the lab for empirical test. Personal memories and impressions concerning his character and idiosyncrasies are offered by a junior colleague.
Systematic Desensitization and Relaxation as Adjuncts in the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Goldfarb Lori A. , Fuhr Robert , Tsujimoto Richard N. , Fischman Stanley E.
Published: August 2011

This preliminary work assessed the effectiveness of systematic desensitization and relaxation training as adjuncts in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. All subjects (18 female anorexics) received behavioral contracting and supportive psychotherapy from the same psychiatrist. Seven were randomly assigned to receive either desensitization ( n = 4) or relaxation training ( n = 3) as an adjunctive treatment. Data on the 11 subjects without adjunctive treatment came from closed case files. Contrary to prediction, all significant differences in outcome favored use of relaxation. Relaxation was associated with higher self-esteem and less fear of fat than desensitization was at the 6-mo. follow-up and relaxation was associated with much better outcome at 18 mo. than were desensitization or no adjunctive treatment. Anorexia appears to differ from classical phobias in two ways, which may explain the unexpected effectiveness of relaxation training.
Would a Conventional/Realistic Type Subscribe to National Geographic? Expanding Holland's Typology
Authors: Miller Mark J. , Tobacyk Jerome
Published: August 2011

This study further extended the application of Holland's typology by predicting which magazines certain personality types would select.
Development of a Depression Locus of Control Scale
Authors: Whitman Laurie , Desmond Sharon M. , Price James H.
Published: August 2011

A 12-item Depression Locus of Control Scale was given to 117 white high school students. The scale has three subscales, internal (4 items), chance (4 items), and powerful others (4 items). Reliability assessed by test-retest was .55 and Cronbach alphas were for the subscales listed above .63, .73, and .66, respectively. Content validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity were examined. Reading level was at the eighth grade. It is recommended that the more specific Depression Locus of Control Scale be used in studies of depression.
Verbal Learning Errors by Mentally Retarded Adolescents as a Function of Learning Stage
Authors: Drew Clifford J. , Worsham Nancy L.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of patterns of errors in learning word-pairs under verbal presentation by 60 14- to 18-yr.-old mildly mentally retarded adolescents indicated a significant interaction between trials and type of errors and main effects of trials and types of errors. Both omissions and misplaced responses decreased significantly from Trial 1 to 2. Omissions also decreased significantly from Trials 2 to 3. Both stimulus intrusions and extralist intrusions contributed very little to total errors. Results are similar to earlier findings and suggest that psychologists attempting to improve performance of mentally retarded adolescents by decreasing errors in learning word-pairs should focus on early learning stages and primarily on omissions and misplaced responses.
Locus of Control and Aids Information-Seeking in College Women
Authors: Trice Ashton D. , Price-Greathouse Judith
Published: August 2011

124 women in a liberal arts college were offered course credit for attending an informational seminar on AIDS. Chance Health Locus of Control scores, Academic Locus of Control scores, and previous information about AIDS predicted attendance.
Self-Monitoring and Innovativeness
Authors: Goldsmith Ronald E.
Published: August 2011

This study tested the hypothesis that high self-monitoring individuals would score higher on a measure of innovativeness than low self-monitoring individuals. A two-way analysis of covariance with social desirability as the covariate confirmed the hypothesis for both male and female college students ( n = 187).
Depressive Behaviors and Gambling
Authors: Ladouceur Robert , Mayrand Marie
Published: August 2011

The perceptions of control regarding an objectively uncontrollable task (American Roulette) by depressive and nondepressive subjects were compared. Monetary risk behavior and subjective control did not differ significantly between the two groups. The implications of these results for the psychology of gambling are discussed.
Comparison of Results Yielded by Several Statistical Measures of School Desegregation
Authors: Dziuban Charles D. , Marowitz Roberta
Published: August 2011

Several measures of school desegregation were computed for all public school districts in Florida. Outcomes of desegregation comparisons by district size indicated that selection of a particular index dictates the results. Implications for the validity of desegregation studies were discussed.
Mock Jurors' Behavior: Sentencing as a Function of Jurors' Guilt
Authors: Fehr Lawrence A. , Fischer Shelley M. , Stamps Leighton E.
Published: August 2011

Fictitious court cases involving rape and assault were presented to 98 college women to determine whether the tendency to deal harshly with alleged criminals is dependent upon certain personality characteristics of the mock jurors. Three measures of jurors' guilt were used to detect the presence or absence of such trends. Subjects scoring high on guilt dealt less harshly with alleged criminals than subjects low in guilt. This trend was consistent for all three independent scales of the Mosher Guilt Scales (sex guilt, hostility guilt, and morality guilt). It was concluded that those who tend to find fault with themsleves are sympathetic to the legal problems of others.
Recollection of a Transitional Object and Needs for Intimacy and Affiliation in Adolescents
Authors: Lundy Allan , Potts Timothy
Published: August 2011

A number of researchers have shown that the absence or misuse of a transitional object, e.g., a soft toy or blanket, with special meaning to a small child, is associated with later cognitive or character disorders. This paper shows that recall of a transitional object is related to personality characteristics of normal adolescents. These characteristics, the need for intimacy and need for affiliation, were measured by the Thematic Apperception Test administered to 102 11th graders. As expected, results indicated that need for intimacy was related both to recall of a special toy or object and to its softness, while need for affiliation was weakly related.
Validity of Self-Designated Therapeutic Orientation
Authors: Herron William G. , Ginot Efrat R. , Sitkowski Suzanne
Published: August 2011

Comparison of self-designation and scale designation for therapeutic orientation supports the validity of self-designation for psychoanalytic and behavior therapists. The validity is more limited for other broadly defined orientations, such as humanistic.
Note on the Factor Structure of the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory
Authors: Murphy Michael A. , Tosi Donald J. , Wise Pamela Sharratt , Eshbaugh Dennis M.
Published: August 2011

The factor structure of the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory was examined. Millon, Green, and Meagor in 1982 factor analyzed the responses to the inventory using a principal component analysis which gave four factors. Here procedures used by Millon, et al. were replicated. Principal components analysis ( N = 26 pain patients and 37 graduate students in counseling) with a varimax rotation resulted in four factors which essentially replicated the earlier findings. However, further study of the inventory should determine the stability of these factors with larger samples.
Prevalence of Polydipsia among Public Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Evenson Richard C. , Jos C. J. , Mallya A. R.
Published: August 2011

Among 2201 public psychiatric patients evaluated for polydipsia (excessive ingestion of nonalcoholic beverages) there was a prevalence rate of 6.2%. Their mean age was 50.9 yr., being substantially younger than the comparable population of state patients, but predominantly chronic. Diagnoses were 73% schizophrenia, but mental retardation and alcoholism were also over-represented. Patients were predominantly white and almost 60% women. Almost one-quarter of the polydipsic patients met the diagnostic criteria for one or more instances of water intoxication.
A Minimal Negotiation Situation
Authors: Swingle Paul G.
Published: August 2011

Pairs of unacquainted male subjects listened to music via headsets controlled by a single loudness control. Post-session measures of first impressions of the other person indicated that interpersonal liking was influenced by minimal communication and curvilinearly related to the magnitude of the difference between the level of individual preference and dyadic loudness. Loudness preference was stable over a one-week period, and the preparation appears useful for studying minimal negotiations.
Female Offenders: Criminal Behavior and Gender-Role Identity
Authors: Campbell Carol S. , MacKenzie Doris Layton , Robinson James W.
Published: August 2011

Relationship between gender-role identity and criminal activities for 141 incarcerated adult female offenders was examined. Inmates were classified into three gender-role groups: masculine, feminine, and androgynous. Those with either masculine or feminine gender-role identities were more apt to be serving time for violent offenses such as murder than were the androgynous women. Relatively few feminine offenders serving time for murder had previously been convicted of a felony while the majority of the masculine offenders had. Differences were found in the number of prior felony convictions for the gender-role groups.
Mooney Problem Check List Characteristics of DSM-III Borderline Personality Disorder Inpatients
Authors: Pitts Wesley M. , Gustin Quintin L. , Snyder Scott , Goodpaster Walter A.
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Mooney Problem Check List, a 288-item, self-administered, listing of common personal problems, for 36 borderline personality disorder inpatients and other inpatients with a diagnosis of other character disorders without borderline features were compared. Borderline patients endorsed 30% of the listing (other personality disorders 19%) and also shared more of the same problems.
Reactions to the New Minorities by Employees of the Future: An Experimental Study
Authors: Carroll Stephen J. , Feren Dena B. , Olian Judy D.
Published: August 2011

This experimental study examined reactions to managers of different ethnicities as colleagues and mentors. Experimental manipulations were embedded in scripts describing managers with Asian, Hispanic or Anglo-Saxon names who also varied in their level of interpersonal competence. A third variable of interest was respondents' sex. The most significant finding was the effect of managerial interpersonal competence on attraction to the manager as colleague and mentor. There also was no evidence of ethnic bias, though female respondents generally preferred nonAnglo-Saxon managers as mentors.
Comparison of Achievement in Half-Day, Every-Day and All-Day, Alternate-Day Early Childhood Programs for Handicapped Children
Authors: Eno Lawrence , Woehlke Paula
Published: August 2011

Because no report gives comparative performance of preschool handicapped children in all-day, alternate-day or half-day, every-day programs, in the present study the performance of 17 handicapped children from all-day, alternate-day programs was examined and 20 from half-day, every-day programs. Each child was given the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised, the California Preschool Social Competency Scale, and the Lollipop Test. Pretesting took place in September, 1984 and posttesting in May of 1985. The half-day, every-day children did not differ from the all-day, alternate-day students on posttest performance after controlling for entering differences. These results agree with reviewed research on the preschool population and suggest that, while instruction of quality is beneficial to preschool children, the delivery schedule of that instruction is of less importance.
Enhancing Internal Locus of Control Beliefs through Group Counselling: Effects upon Children's Reading Performance
Authors: Charlton Tony , Terrell Colin
Published: August 2011

The effects are examined of a group counselling programme designed to promote internal beliefs upon third grade pupils' reading performance. After a 15-wk. intervention period the counselled group showed significant mean gains in reading age. Nonsignificant findings were reported for the control group.
Complexity of Motivation for Artificial Insemination by Donor
Authors: Brand Handré J.
Published: August 2011

A thorough evaluation of underlying motives for a decision by patients to make use of artificial insemination by a donor as a possible solution for the problem of involuntary childlessness as result of the male factor, should be a necessary prerequisite for the use of this procedure. In such a situation, an external factor (semen of an anonymous donor) is introduced to a complex dyadic system which is particularly susceptible to emotional stress. The implications of various less conspicuous but extremely important motives in the behaviour of such patients are stressed.
Sex Differences in Depression among Selected Young Adults
Authors: McDermott Robert J.
Published: August 2011

The present study examined symptoms of depression in a sample of college students (193 women and 156 men). Depression was commonly experienced in this setting by men and women, but with greater frequency and intensity by women.
Biofeedback, Competitive Set, and Type A/Type B Interactions with Female College Students
Authors: Drennen William T. , Ford Harriet H. , Rutledge Larry L.
Published: August 2011

From a pool of female college students who volunteered and took the modified Jenkins Survey (Form T), 22 subjects were classified as Type A (scores of 11 or above) or as Type B (scores of 5 or below). Subjects were subdivided into six groups (Type A/B) as control, biofeedback/relaxation, or biofeedback/relaxation with competitive set. EMG (frontalis muscle tension) scores were assessed over five blocks of five trials. Pre- and postanxiety self-report measures were also obtained for all subjects. Analysis suggested an interaction of Type (A or B) with set (competitive only). EMG scores indicated that Type A subjects were more tense and remained more tense than Type B subjects under a competitive set. EMG tension scores diminished over trials for all groups. Pre- and postanxiety scores indicated a reduction in self-reported state anxiety for all groups combined, but no differential reductions with respect to group, condition, or set.
Intrafamily Communication and Familial Environment
Authors: La Coste Linda D. , Ginter Earl J. , Whipple Gary
Published: August 2011

This correlational study investigated the link between parent-adolescent communication and the family environment. The Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory of Bienvenu, the Family Environment Scale of Moos and Moos, and a demographic questionnaire were administered to 115 students enrolled in a senior high school located in southeast Louisiana. Positive correlations were noted between perceived communication and factors of cohesion, emotional expressiveness, independence, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, moral-religious emphasis, and organization within the family. Perceived communication correlated negatively with conflict and control. There was no evidence for a correlation between family communication and achievement orientation.
Agreement among Different Measurements of Type a Behavior in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa
Published: August 2011

Correlations among different measurements of Type A behavior were studied in 1949 randomly selected healthy Finnish adolescents and young adults. Agreement among the tests was very low. There were higher correlations for different measurements evaluated by using self-assessment than for scores on the same test evaluated by the subjects themselves and by observers.
Expression of Anger: Its Relationship to Assertion and Social Desirability among College Women
Authors: Delamater Ronald J. , McNamara J. Regis
Published: August 2011

The Anger Expression Scale, the Assertion Inventory, and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale were administered to 282 college women as part of a larger study. Significant Pearson product-moment correlations were obtained. The Anger-in (Suppression) subscale of the Anger Expression Scale was positively related to the Assertion Inventory. The Anger-out (Expression) subscale was uncorrelated with the Assertion Inventory. Both inventories were inversely related to the Marlowe-Crowne scores. These findings suggest that more unassertive scores are related to higher levels of Anger-in (Suppression) and lower levels of Anger-out (Expression). Both inventories seem somewhat susceptible to social desirability responding.
Religiosity, Belief in a Just World and Crime Control Attitudes
Authors: Finamore Frank , Carlson James M.
Published: August 2011

2 samples of 90 college students, one Catholic and one Protestant, completed a questionnaire on attitudes toward criminal justice, the Just World Scale, and measure of religiosity and evangelicalism. Belief in a just world was associated with punitive criminal justice attitudes among Protestant but not Catholic students. Such attitudes were not mitigated significantly by religiosity. Evangelicalism was associated with punitive criminal justice attitudes among Catholic students, but not when statistical control for belief in a just world was instituted.
Attributions Based on Managers' Self-Presentation, Sex, and Weight
Authors: Decker Wayne H.
Published: August 2011

Attributions based on written accounts of self-presentations by hypothetical managers were studied. Contrary to prior research, college students did not rate managers sharing credit with subordinates less favorably than managers merely disclosing personal obstacles overcome. A critical difference between this study and the prior one seemed to be that performance was portrayed as strictly a team effort, whereas in the prior study the manager made a significant individual contribution. Credit-sharing, male managers, who were average in weight, were rated more favorably than other men or any women. The present and prior research seem to have confounded information disclosed and degree of modesty.
Some Health-Risk Benefits of Behavioral Weight-Loss Treatments
Authors: Beneke William M. , Timson Benjamin F.
Published: August 2011

This study reports assessment of some beneficial effects of behavioral weight-control treatments on measures of cardiovascular health. 31 women participated for each experiment. In Exp. 1, a 12-wk. dietary program resulted in mean reductions of 5.3 kg of weight, including 4.2 kg of fat, 24% in HDL-cholesterol and 11.95 mg/dl in Total Cholesterol, but no changes in cardiopulmonary fitness. Exp. 2 compared two 16-wk. treatments which added exercise self-management with and without additional structured-group exercise to the dietary component. No differences or interactions between treatments were significant. Combined data showed a mean weight loss of 8.3 kg, including 8.8 kg of fat, a 22% decrease in serum triglycerides, and a 22% increase in duration of exercise combined with a 5% reduction in maximal heart rate. These beneficial effects of including exercise in behavioral weight-loss treatments with women should be experimentally verified.
Nonmedical Management of Intractible Hiccups: A Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Bobele Monte
Published: August 2011

A list of 15 items on nonmedical management of intractible hiccups is provided.
Effects of Response Style on Polarity and Validity of Two-Dimensional Mood Models
Authors: Vickers Ross R. , Hervig Linda K.
Published: August 2011

Unipolar and bipolar two-dimensional models have been proposed to represent mood. This study showed that a given data set will produce both a unipolar model and a bipolar model when a response-style adjustment is employed. The two models provided mathematically equivalent descriptions of a single-factor space and were equally valid for describing mood differences between successful and unsuccessful military recruits and between recruits in different basic training platoons. Both models discriminated between these groups as well as a six-factor model. The findings confirmed the existence of a reliable two-dimensional representation of self-reported mood but indicated that any choice between unipolar and bipolar models must be based on criteria other than the structure of self-reported mood. Further comparisons to mote complex mood models are needed to determine whether two dimensions adequately represent self-reported mood when a wider range of situational factors and behavioral correlates are considered. If so, a simple, reliable, consensual model for mood would be available to researchers interested in studying mood determinants and effects.
1986 Stanford-Binet Abbreviated Forms
Authors: Carvajal Howard , Gerber Jon
Published: August 2011

Scores extracted for the Quick Screening Battery (4 subtests) and the General Purpose Abbreviated Battery (6 subtests) from the 1986 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale administered to 16 men and 16 women ( Mage: 18 yr., 11 mo.) gave means of 101.0 vs 100.6 (100.9 for the full test). SDs were 9 or 10. Mean times were 34 min. vs 52 min. (114 min. for full test); rs ranged from .907 to .942 for the overlapping scales.
Human Circadian Patterns of Memory Processes: Chronopsychology of Rates of Forgetting, a Rhythmometric Study
Authors: Poirel Christian , Larouche Benoit
Published: August 2011

On the basis of mathematical models and inferential statistical procedures, this study in human chronopsychology presents the results of standard biometric and rhythmometric analyses. Observations also demonstrate that psychological events of forgetting are circadian stage-dependent processes. Moreover, the periodicities detected suggest in psychophysiology some working hypotheses regarding the circadian rhythmicity of short-term memory functions.
Role of Age in Sex-Role Conflict
Authors: Chusmir Leonard H. , Koberg Christine S.
Published: August 2011

A study of 556 working women and men examined the relationship between degree of sex-role conflict and age of the individual. For both women and men, mean sex-role conflict scores were significantly greater at age 26 to 39 yr. than at age 40 and over. Women aged 25 and below also scored significantly higher than did women aged 40 and over.
Shifts in Fear of Success in Men and Women from 1968 to 1987
Authors: Pedersen Darhl M. , Conlin Tracy
Published: August 2011

A follow-up study on feat of success was completed 19 years after Horner collected her data in 1968. It was hypothesized that cultural changes relating to women's liberation would result in fewer women and more men exhibiting fear of success compared to Horner's findings. 25 men and 25 women were tested using Horner's procedures to facilitate comparisons. A higher percentage of men exhibited fear of success than Horner reported; however, the percentage of women remained about the same. Apparently, the impact of societal changes on men has been greater than on women.
Comments on the Orthogonality of Extraversion and Neuroticism Scales of the Eysenck Personality Inventory
Authors: Balkisson Bernard A.
Published: August 2011

Using figures presented by the Eysencks, very small correlations between extraversion and neuroticism scales of the Eysenck Personality Inventory were statistically significant for Forms A and B combined and for Form B using large groups. While it is acknowledged that these results may not be of immense practical value, they do support the findings by Behr and Howarth, among others. It is concluded that these scales for the forms mentioned above are minimally correlated and so not completely orthogonal. Whether this reflects error of measurement or other factors cannot be discerned from present data.
Correlations between Scores on Stanford-Binet IV and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised
Authors: Carvajal Howard , Gerber Jon , Hewes Paula , Weaver Kenneth A.
Published: August 2011

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised were given to 32 general psychology students (16 men, 16 women). All 15 Pearson correlations between the composite and area scores of Binet IV with WAIS—R IQs were statistically significant. Of 5 correlations for subtest pairs of the two tests, 4 (.59 to .86) were statistically significant. Binet IV may be a viable alternative or retest instrument for WAIS—R for use with young adults.
Note on the Parallel Analysis Criterion for Determining the Number of Common Factors or Principal Components
Authors: Silverstein A. B.
Published: August 2011

A brief history of parallel analysis is given, and the application of the parallel analysis criterion is illustrated with three examples, using both squared multiple correlations and unities in the diagonal. Investigators are encouraged to employ this as one criterion in deciding on the number of factors or components.
Job Stress and Job Dissatisfaction: Influence of Contextual Factors
Authors: McGee Gail W. , Goodson Jane R. , Cashman James F.
Published: August 2011

To examine contextual factors which play a role in responses to job stress, 135 employees high in stress and high in job satisfaction and 97 employees high in stress and low in job satisfaction were identified. Comparisons of the two groups indicated that highly stressed individuals who remained satisfied perceived their jobs as more challenging and interesting, perceived organizational communication as more timely and useful, perceived fewer supervisory problems, and worked with managers whom they perceived to be high in referent power.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: XLVI. The Lunar-Lunacy Relationship: A Poorly Evaluated Hypothesis
Authors: Cyr J. J. , Kalpin R. A.
Published: August 2011

Authors of several published studies and important reviews have recommended that attempts to validate the lunar hypothesis be terminated. It is suggested in this reply to these critics that such recommendations are premature on the basis that the literature is replete with haphazard attempts at confirmation prior to demonstrating replicable findings. Several reasons are provided which may account for the failure to obtain reliable results in the literature on psychiatric admissions, regardless of whether the data supported the hypothesis. A more systematic approach to investigating the lunar-lunacy hypothesis is proposed.
Parenting Attitudes of Pregnant Adolescents
Authors: Fox Robert A. , Baisch Mary Jo , Goldberg Barbara D. , Hochmuth Mark C.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present study was to assess parenting attitudes of 167 pregnant adolescents. Adolescents in the Teen Pregnancy Service had similar or more positive parenting attitudes than published adolescent norms but were more negative than adult norms. Racial differences were found in their attitudes but age and socioeconomic status were nonsignificant. Results were discussed in terms of the abuse/neglect potential among pregnant adolescents.
Additional Data on the Population Opinion Poll
Authors: McCutcheon Lynn E. , Lummis Guy
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to provide further information about the Population Opinion Poll (POP), a 30-item attitude scale designed to measure attitudes toward population control. A factor analysis of the items was presented as well as a comparison of a 1975 sample with a 1986 sample. Factor analysis yielded four factors that “explained” 42.8% of the variance. A significant difference between the two samples, taken 11 years apart in psychology classes at the same community college, suggests that attitudes toward population control have become less favorable.
Personal Sexual History and Punitive Judgements for Rape
Authors: Kanin Eugene J. , Jackson Eugene C. , Levine Edward M.
Published: August 2011

Although there have been numerous studies implicating extralegal factors as influencing the assessment of the seriousness of rape, few have considered the unique life experiences of the individual who makes such judgements. One exception, the Zillman and Bryant study, demonstrated that experimental subjects, after massive exposure to pornography, gave significantly shorter sentences to a rapist than did the controls. It is hypothesized that, if exposure to explicit sexual activity could function to desensitize one to the seriousness of rape, then an individual's sexual history could also function to alter perceptions of a rape event. On a sample of 350 university students, we tested the hypothesis that individuals with restricted sexual histories will be prone to view rape as a more serious offense than those with more extensive histories. A statistical analysis employing analysis of variance provided strong support for this hypothesis.
Bestiamorphism; a New Name for an Old Problem
Authors: Schaeffer Robert W.
Published: August 2011

Anthropomorphisms, uncritical ascriptions of human traits to animals, and bestiamorphisms, uncritical ascriptions of animal traits to humans, are equally unscientific methods of behavioral attribution and description. Valid interspecies generalizations of behavioral equivalencies ate possible and desirable when and where appropriate, but attending to superficially similar behavior, in an attempt to identify interspecies behavioral analogues, does not necessarily facilitate adequate behavioral descriptions, equivalencies, or comparisons.
Children Who are Uncommonly Good: The Comprehension Subtest of the WISC—R
Authors: Klein Joel
Published: August 2011

The Comprehension subtest of the WISC—B. was examined from different perspectives. Children who score above average on the subtest also exhibit healthy personality characteristics such as freedom from high anxiety, high depression, and low self-esteem. Upper middle-class children (17 in Grade 3 and 15 in Grade 6) did not show greater moral awareness than would be predicted by their high Verbal Intelligence Quotient. Actively teaching school children moral standards and socially accepted behaviour is given support by the data.
Wives' Employment Status and Marital Adjustment in Military Families
Authors: Bowen Gary L.
Published: August 2011

Drawing upon a stratified random sample of 928 US Air Force couples (1,856 spouses) from 24 bases worldwide, the present study examined the relationship between wives' employment status and the marital adjustment of military member husbands and their civilian wives. The influence of wives' employment on the self-reported marital adjustment of sample husbands and wives varied by the combined influence of base location and the rank of the husband. Interpretations of the findings are offered for consideration, and recommendations are presented for further research.
Social Interaction in a Multiage, Single-Grade Classroom
Authors: Marturano Edna Maria
Published: August 2011

Social interaction in a typical multiage first grade Brazilian classroom was examined with the aim of determining the extent of age segregation and the nature of cross-age interaction in such a mixed-age setting. The 12 older and the 12 younger children in the classroom were videotaped during academic activities. Dyadic contacts were analysed with respect to sex and age group of initiator and receiver as well as for content of the interaction. Older children preferred to interact with agemates and were selected as peers more frequently than younger children. Girls were less age-segregated than boys, and young boys were the most isolated group in the classroom. Cross-age interactions showed different patterns among boys and girls. The need for further research is stressed to assess the effects of such a social structure on the school adjustment of the young boys.
Influential Relationships Questionnaire: Data from a Nonclinical Population
Authors: Kazarian Shahe S. , Baker Brian
Published: August 2011

The Influential Relationships Questionnaire, a state measure of the perceived characteristics of care, overprotection, and criticism of significant others, was administered to 99 staff of a provincial psychiatric hospital. The relationship of scores to sex, marital status, and amount of weekly contact with two most influential people was examined. Analysis indicated that scores are independent of sex, marital status, and amount of weekly contact for the most influential person. The implication of normative data in relation to perceived attitudes and psychopathology is discussed.
Changes in Career Orientations in Police Officers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Deszca Gene
Published: August 2011

This investigation compared work experiences, satisfactions, and well-being of police officers who had changed their career orientations with police officers who did not. 218 men and women in police work provided data by completing questionnaires. About half the sample had changed their career orientations in their work in policing. Police officers who had changed their career orientations were significantly less satisfied and reported poorer psychological well-being than police officers who did not change their career orientations.
Noncontingent Reward-Induced Learned Helplessness in Humans
Authors: Lamb David G. , Davis Stephen F. , Tramill James L. , Kleinhammer-Tramill P. Jeannie
Published: August 2011

Noncontingent verbal and concrete rewards were incorporated into a learned-helplessness paradigm in an attempt to provide increased generalizability of the reward-induced helplessness phenomenon. The treatment phase required subjects to reproduce a series of block-designs, for which they received either verbal or concrete reward according to one of three schedules: response contingent, 100% noncontingent, or 50% random noncontingent. A control group was not exposed to the task. The performance phase involved a letter/number-substitution coding task during which all subjects received response-contingent reward. Analysis showed a helplessness effect, with the noncontingent reward conditions producing significantly more errors and omissions than contingent reward and/or control conditions. Differences in effects of verbal and concrete rewards were nonsignificant.
Age Perceptions of Jobs: Agreement between Samples of Students and Managers
Authors: Cleveland Jeanette N. , Berman Andrew H.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the study was to replicate recent findings of Cleveland and Landy and compare perceptions of students and managers regarding the age-type of jobs. Significant correlations suggested that students and managers similarly evaluated the age-type of the jobs. Results are discussed in terms of threats to external validity in laboratory research.
Perceived Parental Control and Locus of Control: Null Findings in Two Countries
Authors: De Man A. F. , McKelvey G. , Van Der Riet S.
Published: August 2011

Three studies of the relationship between perceived parental control in child-rearing and locus of control were performed in 2 countries. Correlations were nonsignificant. Parental warmth rather than control appears important.
An Integrated Perspective of Performance Appraisal Interviews
Authors: Keaveny Timothy J. , Inderrieden Edward J. , Allen Robert E.
Published: August 2011

This research assessed multidimensional aspects of the performance appraisal interview and the effect on employees' satisfaction with the interview and perceived effectiveness of the interview. The sample was comprised of 312 university staff employees. Results support combining judgmental and developmental components of the interview. Raters' and ratees' participation, as well as focusing on past and future goals were especially important predictors of the outcome measures.
Psychological Aspects of Temporal Dominance during Adolescence
Authors: Tismer K. G.
Published: August 2011

To evaluate several assumptions regarding the development of time orientation during adolescence the circles test was administered to different age groups ( M = 13.8 yr.; M = 17.7 yr.; M = 23.3 yr.). Data for this cross-sectional analysis were collected from a sample of 962 German male and female adolescents (secondary modern and vocational schools, teachers' college). The findings show an effect of age, but not of sex-role influences on temporal dominance; especially the data yielded a decrease of future dominance and an increase in present dominance during adolescence. An interpretation for these results may be found in Lewin's 1946 theory of the “reality-irreality” dimension of time perspective.