bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Belief in Conspiracy Theories Affect Interpersonal Relationships?
Authors: Toribio-Flórez Daniel , Green Ricky , Sutton Robbie M. , Douglas Karen M.
Published: April 2023

In recent years, researchers have begun to study the social consequences of conspiracy beliefs. However, little research has investigated the impact of conspiracy beliefs on interpersonal relationships. In this review, we draw attention to this issue by summarizing available empirical evidence and proposing potential social-psychological mechanisms to explain whether and why conspiracy theories affect interpersonal relationships. We firstly discuss that the attitude change that often accompanies the internalization of conspiracy beliefs might distance people’s opinions and, consequently, erode their relationships. Furthermore, we argue that the stigmatizing value of conspiracy theories can negatively affect the evaluation of conspiracy believers and discourage others from getting close to them. Finally, we consider that the misperception of social norms associated with the acceptance of certain conspiracy narratives can lead conspiracy believers to engage in non-normative behavior. Others are likely to perceive such behavior negatively, resulting in diminished interpersonal interaction. We highlight the need for further research to address these issues, as well as the potential factors that may prevent relationships being eroded by conspiracy beliefs.
Uncovering the Dynamics of Consumption‐Based Household Water Footprint in Response to Pandemic: The Hysteresis Effect of Disruption
Authors: Gu Yuanhong , Chen Shaoqing , Li Mo
Published: April 2023

The socioeconomic disruption of COVID‐19 has strong implications for water management. However, it remains unclear how water use related to urban and rural household consumption responded to the outbreak. Taking 15 provincial regions in China for a case study, we quantified the variations of consumption‐based household water footprint induced by the first outbreak of the pandemic and tracked the responsive changes of interregional virtual water flows and control relationships. We found in many regions, the most drastic change occurred only a quarter after the major outbreak, when the average water footprint of urban and rural households decreased by 13% and 9%, respectively. This indicates the presence of a hysteretic effect of disruption to household expenditures. With the subsequent recovery of household consumption, the water footprints in many regions rebounded and even surpassed the historical values. Guangdong had a fast rebound in its net virtual water inflow related to urban households because of the fast recovery of its manufacturing and services activities. The pandemic‐related water footprint dynamics suggest not only the necessity of timely managing supply chains to prevent shortage of water and water‐intensive products, but also the importance of fostering consumption adjustments for conserving water in a post‐pandemic era.
Crustal Architecture Across Southern California and Its Implications on San Andreas Fault Development
Authors: Sui Siyuan , Shen Weisen , Holt William , Kim Jeonghyeop
Published: April 2023

In this study, we perform a 2‐frequency sequential receiver function stacking investigation in Southern California. The resulting Moho depths exhibit similar patterns to previous studies while the crystalline crustal Vp/Vs values show more regional variations. Most Vp/Vs variations can be explained by compositional differences. We observe a dichotomy in Moho depth, Vp/Vs, and crustal strain rates between the Peninsular Ranges and Southern San Andreas Fault system. Comparisons between strain rates, Vp/Vs, and temperature suggest that crustal compositional variations may have played a more critical role in influencing the crustal strain rate variations in the Peninsular Ranges and Southern San Andreas than temperature. The structural and compositional variations provide a new insight into the causes of the migration of the Southern San Andreas Fault system and the formation of the “Big Bend.”
A New Method to Compute Transition Probabilities in Multi‐Stable Stochastic Dynamical Systems: Application to the Wind‐Driven Ocean Circulation
Authors: van Westen René M. , Kotnala Sourabh , Baars Sven , Wubs Fred W. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: April 2023

The Kuroshio Current in the North Pacific displays path changes on an interannual‐to‐decadal time scale. In an idealized barotropic quasi‐geostrophic model of the double‐gyre wind‐driven circulation under stochastic wind‐stress forcing, such variability can occur due to transitions between different equilibrium states. The high‐dimensionality of the problem makes it challenging to determine the probability of these transitions under the influence of stochastic noise. Here we present a new method to estimate these transition probabilities, using a Dynamical Orthogonal (DO) field approach. In the DO approach, the solution of the stochastic partial differential equations system is decomposed using a Karhunen–Loève expansion and separate problems arise for the ensemble mean state and the so‐called time‐dependent DO modes. The original method is first reformulated in a matrix approach which has much broader application potential to various (geophysical) problems. Using this matrix‐DO approach, we are able to determine transition probabilities in the double‐gyre problem and to identify transition paths between the different states. This analysis also leads to the understanding which conditions are most favorable for transition.
Hunting for Methane Hot Spots at the Top of the World
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: April 2023

A visit to an Alaskan wetland with some of the world’s highest lake marsh methane emissions brings scientists one step closer to understanding the phenomenon.
In-silico clearing approach for deep refractive index tomography by partial reconstruction and wave-backpropagation
Authors: Yasuhiko Osamu , Takeuchi Kozo
Published: April 2023

Refractive index (RI) is considered to be a fundamental physical and biophysical parameter in biological imaging, as it governs light-matter interactions and light propagation while reflecting cellular properties. RI tomography enables volumetric visualization of RI distribution, allowing biologically relevant analysis of a sample. However, multiple scattering (MS) and sample-induced aberration (SIA) caused by the inhomogeneity in RI distribution of a thick sample make its visualization challenging. This paper proposes a deep RI tomographic approach to overcome MS and SIA and allow the enhanced reconstruction of thick samples compared to that enabled by conventional linear-model-based RI tomography. The proposed approach consists of partial RI reconstruction using multiple holograms acquired with angular diversity and their backpropagation using the reconstructed partial RI map, which unambiguously reconstructs the next partial volume. Repeating this operation efficiently reconstructs the entire RI tomogram while suppressing MS and SIA. We visualized a multicellular spheroid of diameter 140 µm within minutes of reconstruction, thereby demonstrating the enhanced deep visualization capability and computational efficiency of the proposed method compared to those of conventional RI tomography. Furthermore, we quantified the high-RI structures and morphological changes inside multicellular spheroids, indicating that the proposed method can retrieve biologically relevant information from the RI distribution. Benefitting from the excellent biological interpretability of RI distributions, the label-free deep visualization capability of the proposed method facilitates a noninvasive understanding of the architecture and time-course morphological changes of thick multicellular specimens.
Shift current response in elemental two-dimensional ferroelectrics
Authors: Qian Zhuang , Zhou Jian , Wang Hua , Liu Shi
Published: April 2023

A bulk material without inversion symmetry can generate a direct current under illumination. This interface-free current generation mechanism, referred to as the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE), does not rely on p-n junctions. Here, we explore the shift current generation, a major mechanism responsible for the BPVE, in single-element two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics represented by phosphorene-like monolayers of As, Sb, and Bi. The strong covalency, small band gap, and large joint density of states afforded by these elemental 2D materials give rise to large shift currents, outperforming many state-of-the-art materials. We find that the shift current, due to its topological nature, depends sensitively on the details of the Bloch wave functions. It is crucial to consider the electronic exchange-correlation potential beyond the generalized gradient approximation as well as the spin-orbit interaction in density functional theory calculations to obtain reliable frequency-dependent shift current responses.
Asthma control among treated US asthma patients in Practice Fusion’s electronic medical record research database
Authors: Davitte Jonathan , DeBarmore Bailey , Hinds David , Zhang Shiyuan , Chao Jessica , Sansbury Leah
Published: April 2023

This study investigated burden of ‘not well-controlled’ asthma, overall and by Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Step, among treated asthma patients in Practice Fusion’s research database. Asthma control (Asthma Control Test [ACT]) was stratified by GINA Step; prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance controlled for confounders. ACT scores ≤19 reflect not well-controlled; >19 reflect ‘well-controlled’ asthma. Of 15,579 patients, 30% had not well-controlled asthma at index date. The proportion of patients with not well-controlled asthma increased from GINA Step 1 (29%) to Step 5 (45%). Compared with Step 1, the proportion of patients with not well-controlled asthma was 0.87-times lower in Step 2, 1.10-times greater in Step 4, and 1.37-times greater in Step 5. Results suggest that despite available treatments, patients remain symptomatic across GINA Steps in real-world primary care and specialist outpatient practices, with incremental disease burden and unmet medical need in these populations.
Probing lithium mobility at a solid electrolyte surface
Authors: Woodahl Clarisse , Jamnuch Sasawat , Amado Angelique , Uzundal Can B. , Berger Emma , Manset Paul , Zhu Yisi , Li Yan , Fong Dillon D. , Connell Justin G. , Hirata Yasuyuki , Kubota Yuya , Owada Shigeki , Tono Kensuke , Yabashi Makina , te Velthuis Suzanne G. E. , Tepavcevic Sanja , Matsuda Iwao , Drisdell Walter S. , Schwartz Craig P. , Freeland John W. , Pascal Tod A. , Zong Alfred , Zuerch Michael
Published: April 2023

Solid-state electrolytes overcome many challenges of present-day lithium ion batteries, such as safety hazards and dendrite formation1,2. However, detailed understanding of the involved lithium dynamics is missing due to a lack of in operando measurements with chemical and interfacial specificity. Here we investigate a prototypical solid-state electrolyte using linear and nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet spectroscopies. Leveraging the surface sensitivity of extreme-ultraviolet-second-harmonic-generation spectroscopy, we obtained a direct spectral signature of surface lithium ions, showing a distinct blueshift relative to bulk absorption spectra. First-principles simulations attributed the shift to transitions from the lithium 1 s state to hybridized Li-s/Ti-d orbitals at the surface. Our calculations further suggest a reduction in lithium interfacial mobility due to suppressed low-frequency rattling modes, which is the fundamental origin of the large interfacial resistance in this material. Our findings pave the way for new optimization strategies to develop these electrochemical devices via interfacial engineering of lithium ions.
Added value of lymphocyte subpopulations in the classification of Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Barcelos Filipe , Brás-Geraldes Carlos , Martins Catarina , Papoila Ana-Luísa , Monteiro Ricardo , Cardigos Joana , Madeira Nathalie , Alves Nuno , Vaz-Patto José , Cunha-Branco Jaime , Borrego Luís-Miguel
Published: April 2023

Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a chronic systemic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and consequent lesion of exocrine glands. SjS diagnosis and classification remains a challenge, especially at SjS onset, when patients may have milder phenotypes of the disease or uncommon presentations. New biomarkers are needed for the classification of SjS, thus, we aimed to evaluate the added-value of lymphocyte subpopulations in discriminating SjS and non-Sjögren Sicca patients. Lymphocyte subsets from 62 SjS and 63 Sicca patients were characterized by flow cytometry. The 2002 AECG and the 2016 ACR/EULAR SjS classification criteria were compared with clinical diagnosis. The added discriminative ability of joining lymphocytic populations to classification criteria was assessed by the area under the Receiver-Operating-Characteristic Curve (AUC). Considering clinical diagnosis as the gold-standard, we obtained an AUC = 0.952 (95% CI: 0.916–0.989) for AECG and an AUC = 0.921 (95% CI: 0.875–0.966) for ACR/EULAR criteria. Adding Tfh and Bm1 subsets to AECG criteria, performance increased, attaining an AUC = 0.985 (95% CI: 0.968–1.000) (p = 0.021). Th1/Breg-like CD24hiCD27+ and switched-memory B-cells maximized the AUC of ACR/EULAR criteria to 0.953 (95% CI: 0.916–0.990) (p = 0.043). Our exploratory study supports the potential use of lymphocyte subpopulations, such as unswitched memory B cells, to improve the performance of classification criteria, since their discriminative ability increases when specific subsets are added to the criteria.
The impact of sarcopenia on overall survival in patients with pan-RAS wild-type colorectal liver metastasis receiving hepatectomy
Authors: Yang Yao-Ren , Shi Chung-Sheng , Chang Sheng-Wei , Wu Yu-Ying , Su Yu-Li , Lin Geng-Ping , Kuan Feng-Che
Published: April 2023

Sarcopenia has been associated with conventional chemotherapy-related toxicity, postoperative complications and poor overall survival in patients with genotype-unselected metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of sarcopenia and its change after perioperative cetuximab plus doublet chemotherapy and hepatectomy in patients with RAS wild-type colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). Patients with CRLM from 2007 to 2018 in Chang Gung Research Database were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline characteristics as well as skeletal muscle index (SMI) at baseline and dynamic changes after interventions were collected. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the effect of each parameter on overall survival (OS), and the Kaplan–Meier method was used to establish survival curves. A two-sided p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significance. Of 214 RAS wild-type mCRC patients who received both cetuximab and doublet chemotherapy, 77 who received upfront or subsequent hepatectomy were included in this study. The median follow-up time was 2.3 years. The rate of sarcopenia was higher in the patients who received neoadjuvant cetuximab-containing regimens than in those who received upfront hepatectomy (95% versus 63%, p = 0.001). Increased SMI after perioperative systemic therapy remained independently associated with better OS in multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.27/10% increase, p = 0.013). The patients with sarcopenia had a trend of worse OS than those without sarcopenia (median OS: 4.5 versus 3.6 years, log-rank p = 0.282). Improvement in sarcopenia ([SMI after intervention − initial SMI]/initial SMI × 100%) is an important prognostic factor for OS. Future research is warranted to investigate direct interventions for sarcopenia and the impact on OS.
The cost-effectiveness of whole genome sequencing in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Runheim Hannes , Pettersson Maria , Hammarsjö Anna , Nordgren Ann , Henriksson Martin , Lindstrand Anna , Levin Lars-Åke , Soller Maria Johansson
Published: April 2023

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has the potential to be a comprehensive genetic test, especially relevant for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, syndromes and congenital malformations. However, the cost consequences of using whole genome sequencing as a first-line genetic test for these individuals are not well understood. The study objective was to compare the healthcare costs and diagnostic yield when WGS is performed as the first-line test instead of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Two cohorts were analyzed retrospectively using register data, cohort CMA (418 patients referred for CMA at the department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, during 2015) and cohort WGS (89 patients included in a WGS-first prospective study in 2017). The analysis compared healthcare consumption over a 2-year period after referral for genetic testing, the diagnostic yield over a 2- and 3-year period after referral was also compiled. The mean healthcare cost per patient in cohort WGS was $2,339 lower compared to cohort CMA ($ − 2339, 95% CI − 12,238–7561; P = 0.64) including higher costs for genetic investigations ($1065, 95% CI 834–1295; P < 0.001) and lower costs for outpatient care ($ − 2330, 95% CI − 3992 to (− 669); P = 0.006). The diagnostic yield was 23% higher for cohort WGS (cohort CMA 20.1%, cohort WGS 24.7%) (0.046, 95% CI − 0.053–0.145; P = 0.36). WGS as a first-line diagnostic test for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders is associated with statistically non-significant lower costs and higher diagnostic yield compared with CMA. This indicates that prioritizing WGS over CMA in health care decision making will yield positive expected outcomes as well as showing a need for further research.
Generalizability of 3D CNN models for age estimation in diverse youth populations using structural MRI
Authors: Mendes Sergio Leonardo , Pinaya Walter Hugo Lopez , Pan Pedro Mario , Jackowski Andrea Parolin , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca , Sato João Ricardo
Published: April 2023

Recently, several studies have investigated the neurodevelopment of psychiatric disorders using brain data acquired via structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). These analyses have shown the potential of sMRI data to provide a relatively precise characterization of brain structural biomarkers. Despite these advances, a relatively unexplored question is how reliable and consistent a model is when assessing subjects from other independent datasets. In this study, we investigate the performance and generalizability of the same model architecture trained from distinct datasets comprising youths in diverse stages of neurodevelopment and with different mental health conditions. We employed models with the same 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to assess autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), brain age, and a measure of dimensional psychopathology, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) total score. The investigated datasets include the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II (ABIDE-II, N = 580), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD-200, N = 922), Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study (BHRCS, N = 737), and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD, N = 11,031). Models’ performance and interpretability were assessed within each dataset (for diagnosis tasks) and inter-datasets (for age estimation). Despite the demographic and phenotypic differences of the subjects, all models presented significant estimations for age (p value < 0.001) within and between datasets. In addition, most models showed a moderate to high correlation in age estimation. The results, including the models' brain regions of interest (ROI), were analyzed and discussed in light of the youth neurodevelopmental structural changes. Among other interesting discoveries, we found that less confounded training datasets produce models with higher generalization capacity.
Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and its influence on aging: the role of the hypothalamus
Authors: Spindler Melanie , Palombo Marco , Zhang Hui , Thiel Christiane M.
Published: April 2023

As part of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, the hypothalamus exerts pivotal influence on metabolic and endocrine homeostasis. With age, these processes are subject to considerable change, resulting in increased prevalence of physical disability and cardiac disorders. Yet, research on the aging human hypothalamus is lacking. To assess detailed hypothalamic microstructure in middle adulthood, 39 healthy participants (35–65 years) underwent comprehensive structural magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, we studied HPA axis dysfunction proxied by hair cortisol and waist circumference as potential risk factors for hypothalamic alterations. We provide first evidence of regionally different hypothalamic microstructure, with age effects in its anterior–superior subunit, a critical area for HPA axis regulation. Further, we report that waist circumference was related to increased free water and decreased iron content in this region. In age, hair cortisol was additionally associated with free water content, such that older participants with higher cortisol levels were more vulnerable to free water content increase than younger participants. Overall, our results suggest no general age-related decline in hypothalamic microstructure. Instead, older individuals could be more susceptible to risk factors of hypothalamic decline especially in the anterior–superior subregion, including HPA axis dysfunction, indicating the importance of endocrine and stress management in age.
Bloch points in nanostrips
Authors: Lang Martin , Beg Marijan , Hovorka Ondrej , Fangohr Hans
Published: April 2023

Complex magnetic materials hosting topologically non-trivial particle-like objects such as skyrmions are under intensive research and could fundamentally change the way we store and process data. One important class of materials are helimagnetic materials with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Recently, it was demonstrated that thin nanodisks consisting of two layers with opposite chirality can host a single stable Bloch point of two different types at the interface between the layers. Using micromagnetic simulations we show that FeGe nanostrips consisting of two layers with opposite chirality can host multiple coexisting Bloch points in an arbitrary combination of the two different types. We show that the number of Bloch points that can simultaneously coexist depends on the strip geometry and the type of the individual Bloch points. Our simulation results allow us to predict strip geometries suitable for an arbitrary number of Bloch points. We show an example of an 80-Bloch-point configuration verifying the prediction.
Spontaneous reperfusion enhances succinate concentration in peripheral blood from stemi patients but its levels does not correlate with myocardial infarct size or area at risk
Authors: Consegal Marta , Barba Ignasi , García del Blanco Bruno , Otaegui Imanol , Rodríguez-Palomares José F. , Martí Gerard , Serra Bernat , Bellera Neus , Ojeda-Ramos Manuel , Valente Filipa , Carmona Maria Ángeles , Miró-Casas Elisabet , Sambola Antonia , Lidón Rosa María , Bañeras Jordi , Barrabés José Antonio , Rodríguez Cristina , Benito Begoña , Ruiz-Meana Marisol , Inserte Javier , Ferreira-González Ignacio , Rodríguez-Sinovas Antonio
Published: April 2023

Succinate is enhanced during initial reperfusion in blood from the coronary sinus in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and in pigs submitted to transient coronary occlusion. Succinate levels might have a prognostic value, as they may correlate with edema volume or myocardial infarct size. However, blood from the coronary sinus is not routinely obtained in the CathLab. As succinate might be also increased in peripheral blood, we aimed to investigate whether peripheral plasma concentrations of succinate and other metabolites obtained during coronary revascularization correlate with edema volume or infarct size in STEMI patients. Plasma samples were obtained from peripheral blood within the first 10 min of revascularization in 102 STEMI patients included in the COMBAT-MI trial (initial TIMI 1) and from 9 additional patients with restituted coronary blood flow (TIMI 2). Metabolite concentrations were analyzed by 1H-NMR. Succinate concentration averaged 0.069 ± 0.0073 mmol/L in patients with TIMI flow ≤ 1 and was significantly increased in those with TIMI 2 at admission (0.141 ± 0.058 mmol/L, p < 0.05). However, regression analysis did not detect any significant correlation between most metabolite concentrations and infarct size, extent of edema or other cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) variables. In conclusion, spontaneous reperfusion in TIMI 2 patients associates with enhanced succinate levels in peripheral blood, suggesting that succinate release increases overtime following reperfusion. However, early plasma levels of succinate and other metabolites obtained from peripheral blood does not correlate with the degree of irreversible injury or area at risk in STEMI patients, and cannot be considered as predictors of CMR variables.

Trial registration: Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02404376) on 31/03/2015. EudraCT number: 2015-001000-58.
Dominant andreev reflection through nonlinear radio-frequency transport
Authors: Zhang Tingyu , Tajima Hiroyuki , Sekino Yuta , Uchino Shun , Liang Haozhao
Published: April 2023

It is found that Andreev reflection provides a deterministic teleportation process at an ideal normal-superconductor interface, making it behave like an information mirror. However, it is challenging to control the Andreev reflection in a spatially-separated junction due to the mode mixing at the interface. We theoretically propose the laser-induced Andreev reflection between two-component Fermi superfluid and normal states without mode mixing via spatially-uniform Rabi couplings. By analyzing the tunneling current up to the fourth order, we find that the Andreev current exhibits unconventional non-Ohmic transport at zero temperature. The Andreev current gives the only contribution in the synthetic junction system at zero detunings regardless of the ratio of the chemical potential bias to the superfluid gap, which is in sharp contrast to that in conventional junctions. Our result may give a potential impact on theoretical and experimental study of quantum many-body phenomena, and also pave a way for understanding the black hole information paradox through the Andreev reflection as a quantum-information mirror.
Multicenter interactions and ligand field effects in platinum(ii) tripyrrindione radicals
Authors: Tomat Elisa , Curtis Clayton J. , Astashkin Andrei V. , Conradie Jeanet , Ghosh Abhik
Published: April 2023

The monodentate ligand (aqua vs. isocyanide) in Pt(ii) tripyrrindione complexes modulates the multicenter interactions between ligand-based radicals in solution and in the solid state.
How does chemistry contribute to circular economy in nuclear energy systems to make them more sustainable and ecological?
Authors: Takao Koichiro
Published: April 2023

Nuclear fuel recycling basically follows a concept of circular economy, while it actually suffers from several problems. This perspective discusses how chemistry works for resolving them as well as what task academic scientists should take on.
Magnetic few-layer graphene nanocomposites for the highly efficient removal of benzo(a)pyrene from water
Authors: Vaz-Ramos Joana , Bégin Dominique , Duenas-Ramirez Paula , Becker Anaïs , Galmiche Mathieu , Millet Maurice , Bégin-Colin Sylvie , Le Calvé Stéphane
Published: April 2023

Magnetic graphene-based composite nanomaterials were developed to capture benzo(a)pyrene from water media. The synthesized nanomaterials couple very easy magnetic separation after adsorption with highly efficient removal of ∼99.9%.
Improving binding entropy by higher ligand symmetry? – A case study with human matriptase
Authors: Hammerschmidt Stefan J. , Maus Hannah , Weldert Annabelle C. , Gütschow Michael , Kersten Christian
Published: April 2023

Highly symmetric ligands can bind in multiple identical binding modes. The improved binding affinity arising from higher entropy was elucidated in this work.
Synthesis of stable class 5 mesoionic benzo[c]tetrazolo[2,3-a]cinnolinium thiolate, dicyanomethylide, and amides
Authors: Nakata Mirai , Hirashita Tsunehisa , Konishi Yoshikazu , Araki Shuki
Published: April 2023

Mesoionic benzo[c]tetrazolo[2,3-a]cinnolinium (BTC) thiolate andBTCamines were synthesized, andBTCthiolate was compared with dehydrodithizone on the basis of UV/Vis, TG-DTA, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and DFT calculations.
Electronically-controlled diastereoselective synthesis of spirocycles via [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 2-arylidene-1-indenones with benzyne
Authors: Ray Subhasish , Yadav Anup Kumar , Singh Saurabh , Ansari Monish Arbaz , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: April 2023

Construction of spirocyclic frameworks via electronically controlled [4 + 2] cycloaddition of benzyne with 2-arylidene-1-indenone is unveiled in a regio- and diastereoselective manner.
Facile fabrication of gas sensors based on molybdenum disulfide nanosheets and carbon nanotubes by self-assembly
Authors: Rhyu Hyejin , Lee Seonjeong , Kang Myunghyun , Yoon Daeho , Myung Sung , Song Wooseok , Lee Sun Sook , Lim Jongsun
Published: April 2023

We demonstrated a sensor for NO2 detection at room temperature, in which our device was fabricated via screen printing on a flexible substrate, and MoS2 and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) layer were coated on a specific area by self-assembly.
Self-diffusion in polycrystalline Li1+xTi2−xAlx(PO4)3 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) samples followed by 7Li PFG (pulse field gradient) NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Diez-Gómez Virginia , Sobrados Isabel , Ruiz-Santaquiteria Cristina , Bucheli Wilmer , Jiménez Ricardo , Sanz Jesús
Published: April 2023

In this work the procurement of reliable Li diffusion coefficient of Li- NASICON polycrystalline solid electrolytes using NMR-PFG technique is addressed.
Electrochemical nitrogen reduction to ammonia using mesoporous iron oxide with abundant oxygen vacancies
Authors: Takashima Toshihiro , Mochida Takumi , Irie Hiroshi
Published: April 2023

Mesoporous hematite containing abundant oxygen vacancies functions as an active electrocatalyst for reduction of nitrogen to ammonia.
Exploring the stellar surface phenomena of WASP-52 and HAT-P-30 with ESPRESSO
Authors: Cegla H. M. , Roguet-Kern N. , Lendl M. , Akinsanmi B. , McCormac J. , Oshagh M. , Wheatley P. J. , Chen G. , Allart R. , Mortier A. , Bourrier V. , Buchschacher N. , Lovis C. , Sosnowska D. , Sulis S. , Turner O. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Palle E. , Yan F. , Burleigh M. R. , Casewell S. L. , Goad M. R. , Hawthorn F. , Wyttenbach A.
Published: April 2023

We analyse spectroscopic and photometric transits of the hot Jupiters WASP-52 b and HAT-P30 b obtained with ESPRESSO, Eulercam and NGTS for both targets, and additional TESS data for HAT-P-30. Our goal is to update the system parameters and refine our knowledge of the host star surfaces. For WASP-52, the companion planet has occulted starspots in the past, and as such our aim was to use the reloaded Rossiter-McLaughlin technique to directly probe its starspot properties. Unfortunately, we find no evidence for starspot occultations in the datasets herein. Additionally, we searched for stellar surface differential rotation (DR) and any centre-to-limb variation (CLV) due to convection, but return a null detection of both. This is unsurprising for WASP-52, given its relatively cool temperature, high magnetic activity (which leads to lower CLV), and projected obliquity near 0° (meaning the transit chord is less likely to cross several stellar latitudes). For HAT-P-30, this result was more surprising given its hotter effective temperature, lower magnetic field, and high projected obliquity (near 70°). To explore the reasons behind the null DR and CLV detection for HAT-P-30, we simulated a variety of scenarios. We find that either the CLV present on HAT-P-30 is below the solar level or the presence of DR prevents a CLV detection given the precision of the data herein. A careful treatment of both DR and CLV is required, especially for systems with high impact factors, due to potential degeneracies between the two. Future observations and/or a sophisticated treatment of the red noise present in the data (likely due to granulation) is required to refine the DR and CLV for these particular systems; such observations would also present another opportunity to try to examine starspots on WASP-52.
Spectropolarimetric investigation of magnetohydrodynamic wave modes in the photosphere: First results from PHI on board Solar Orbiter
Authors: Calchetti D. , Stangalini M. , Jafarzadeh S. , Valori G. , Albert K. , Albelo Jorge N. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Appourchaux T. , Balaguer Jiménez M. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , Feller A. , Gandorfer A. , Germerott D. , Gizon L. , Guerrero L. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Hirzberger J. , Kahil F. , Kolleck M. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Moreno Vacas A. , Orozco Suárez D. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Schou J. , Schühle U. , Sinjan J. , Solanki S. K. , Staub J. , Strecker H. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Volkmer R. , Woch J.
Published: April 2023

Context.In November 2021, Solar Orbiter started its nominal mission phase. The remote-sensing instruments on board the spacecraft acquired scientific data during three observing windows surrounding the perihelion of the first orbit of this phase.

Aims.The aim of the analysis is the detection of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave modes in an active region by exploiting the capabilities of spectropolarimetric measurements.

Mthods.The High Resolution Telescope (HRT) of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (SO/PHI) on board the Solar Orbiter acquired a high-cadence data set of an active region. This is studied in the paper. B-ωand phase-difference analyses are applied on line-of-sight velocity and circular polarization maps and other averaged quantities.

Results.We find that several MHD modes at different frequencies are excited in all analysed structures. The leading sunspot shows a linear dependence of the phase lag on the angle between the magnetic field and the line of sight of the observer in its penumbra. The magnetic pore exhibits global resonances at several frequencies, which are also excited by different wave modes.

Conclusions.The SO/PHI measurements clearly confirm the presence of magnetic and velocity oscillations that are compatible with one or more MHD wave modes in pores and a sunspot. Improvements in modelling are still necessary to interpret the relation between the fluctuations of different diagnostics.
TOI-733 b: A planet in the small-planet radius valley orbiting a Sun-like star
Authors: Georgieva Iskra Y. , Persson Carina M. , Goffo Elisa , Acuña Lorena , Aguichine Artyom , Serrano Luisa M. , Lam Kristine W. F. , Gandolfi Davide , Collins Karen A. , Howell Steven B. , Dai Fei , Fridlund Malcolm , Korth Judith , Deleuil Magali , Barragán Oscar , Cochran William D. , Csizmadia Szilárd , Deeg Hans J. , Guenther Eike , Hatzes Artie P. , Jenkins Jon M. , Livingston John , Luque Rafael , Mousis Olivier , Osborne Hannah L. M. , Palle Enric , Redfield Seth , Van Eylen Vincent , Twicken Joseph D. , Winn Joshua N. , Alqasim Ahlam , Collins Kevin I. , Gnilka Crystal L. , Latham David W. , Lewis Hannah M. , Relles Howard M. , Ricker George R. , Rowden Pamela , Seager Sara , Shporer Avi , Tan Thiam-Guan , Vanderburg Andrew , Vanderspek Roland
Published: April 2023

We report the discovery of a hot (Teq ≈ 1055 K) planet in the small-planet radius valley that transits the Sun-like star TOI-733. It was discovered as part of the KESPRINT follow-up program of TESS planets carried out with the HARPS spectrograph. TESS photometry from sectors 9 and 36 yields an orbital period of ${P_{{\rm{orb}}}} = 4.884765_{ - 2.4e - 5}^{ + 1.9e - 5}$ days and a radius of ${R_{\rm{p}}} = 1.992_{ - 0.090}^{ + 0.085}$ R⊕. Multi-dimensional Gaussian process modelling of the radial velocity measurements from HARPS and activity indicators gives a semi-amplitude of K = 2.23 ± 0.26 m s−1, translating into a planet mass of ${M_{\rm{p}}} = 5.72_{ - 0.68}^{ + 0.70}$ M⊕. These parameters imply that the planet is of moderate density (${\rho _{\rm{p}}} = 3.98_{ - 0.66}^{ + 0.77}$ g cm−3) and place it in the transition region between rocky and volatile-rich planets with H/He-dominated envelopes on the mass-radius diagram. Combining these with stellar parameters and abundances, we calculated planet interior and atmosphere models, which in turn suggest that TOI-733 b has a volatile-enriched, most likely secondary outer envelope, and may represent a highly irradiated ocean world. This is one of only a few such planets around G-type stars that are well characterised.
Atomic relaxation and electronic structure in twisted bilayer MoS2 with rotation angle of 5.09 degrees
Authors: Venkateswarlu Somepalli , Misssaoui Ahmed , Honecker Andreas , Trambly de Laissardière Guy
Published: April 2023

It is now well established theoretically and experimentally that a Moiré pattern, due to a rotation of two atomic layers with respect to each other, creates low-energy flat bands. First discovered in twisted bilayer graphene, these new electronic states are at the origin of strong electronic correlations and even of unconventional superconductivity. Twisted bilayers (tb) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) also exhibit flat bands around their semiconductor gap at small rotation angles. In this paper, we present a DFT study to analyze the effect of the atomic relaxation on the low-energy bands of tb-MoS2 with a rotation angle of 5.09°. We show that in-plane atomic relaxation is not essential here, while out-of-plane relaxation dominates the electronic structure. We propose a simple and efficient atomic model to predict this relaxation.
Cost-optimal adaptive iterative linearized FEM for semilinear elliptic PDEs
Authors: Becker Roland , Brunner Maximilian , Innerberger Michael , Melenk Jens Markus , Praetorius Dirk
Published: April 2023

We consider scalar semilinear elliptic PDEs where the nonlinearity is strongly monotone, but only locally Lipschitz continuous. We formulate an adaptive iterative linearized finite element method (AILFEM) which steers the local mesh refinement as well as the iterative linearization of the arising nonlinear discrete equations. To this end, we employ a damped Zarantonello iteration so that, in each step of the algorithm, only a linear Poisson-type equation has to be solved. We prove that the proposed AILFEM strategy guarantees convergence with optimal rates, where rates are understood with respect to the overall computational complexity (i.e., the computational time). Moreover, we formulate and test an adaptive algorithm where also the damping parameter of the Zarantonello iteration is adaptively adjusted. Numerical experiments underline the theoretical findings.
Effect of high basicity on compressive strength and microstructure of iron ore pellets containing TiO2
Authors: Ju Jian-tao , Li Qi-di , xing Xiang-Dong , Jiang Xin-tai , Zhao Gui-qing , Lu Feng-lin
Published: April 2023

A laboratory study is carried out to characterize the effect of basicity (varying 1.5–3.5) on magnetite iron ore pellets containing TiO2 (content 5%). Green pellets are made by the laboratory scale balling disc and roasted at a horizontal tube furnace with 1220 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (‘TG’) is used to analyze the thermal decomposition of green pellets. X-ray diffraction (‘XRD’), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (‘SEM-EDS’) are utilized to systematically analyze the phase composition, microstructure and elemental distribution of the pellets. The findings show that as the basicity increases the porosity increases first and then decreases while the compressive strength is opposite to porosity to decrease first and then increases. With the increases of basicity, CaO responded with Fe2O3 and TiO2 to form CaFe2O4, Ca2Fe2O5 and CaTiO3. ‘TG’ find basicity has a negative effect on pellet oxidation. Factsage7.1 software shows that with the increase of basicity, the liquid content increases. The ‘SEM-EDS’ result present that CaTiO3 is formed around hematite, impeding the hematite connection, increasing porosity and reducing compressive strength. Being depend on the experimental results, a schematic of the oxidation mechanism is presented, providing the theoretical foundations for the study of high basicity pellets.
Hauterkrankungen bei Neugeborenen
Authors: Illing Stephan
Published: April 2023

Manchmal harmlos, manchmal nicht: Einige Neugeborene kommen mit teilweise sehr
seltenen Hauterkrankungen oder besonderen Hautmerkmalen auf die Welt. Nicht
immer müssen diese behandelt werden. In einigen Fällen ist es
jedoch wichtig, die betroffenen Kinder näher zu untersuchen, denn die
Hautanormalitäten können auf andere Fehlbildungen hindeuten.
A high-precision silicon-on-insulator position sensor
Authors: Beck Paul , Wynne Laura C. , Iadanza Simone , O’Faolain Liam , Schulz Sebastian A. , Banzer Peter
Published: April 2023

Integrated photonic devices provide significant advantages over their conventional counterparts, such as a drastically reduced footprint as well as compatibility with other photonic or electronic circuitry. In this work, we present a high-precision optical position sensor fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The sensor relies on the principle of position-dependent directional waveguide coupling upon excitation of a monolithically integrated scatterer with a tightly focused polarization-tailored beam. We demonstrate a spatial resolution of 7.2 nm, corresponding to approximately λ/200.
Visualize the vibronic coupling in Auger final states in N2 molecule
Authors: Huang Jianye , Ding Bocheng , Feng Yunfei , Wu Ruichang , Tian Lifang , Liu Xiao-Jing
Published: April 2023

Vibronic coupling is a critical mechanism in chemical reactions. However, its quantitative evaluation is challenging due to mathematical complexity and programming difficulty, and its experimental proof is often elusive due to overlap among neighboring states. Here, after exciting a vibrational level (ν = 0, 1, 2) of the intermediate N 1s→πg* core-excited state in N2 molecules, we separate the resonant Auger decay channels that lead to the lowest dissociation limit in the two-dimensional energy correlation maps. From three kinetic energy release spectra of these channels at different vibrational quantum numbers, we give the first experimental proof of the vibronic coupling between two resonant Auger final states 12Πg and 22Πg.
Development of Cu–In–Ga–S quantum dots with a narrow emission peak for red electroluminescence
Authors: Jiang Chang , Tozawa Makoto , Akiyoshi Kazutaka , Kameyama Tatsuya , Yamamoto Takahisa , Motomura Genichi , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Uematsu Taro , Kuwabata Susumu , Torimoto Tsukasa
Published: April 2023

Narrowing the emission peak width and adjusting the peak position play a key role in the chromaticity and color accuracy of display devices with the use of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). In this study, we developed multinary Cu–In–Ga–S (CIGS) QDs showing a narrow photoluminescence (PL) peak by controlling the Cu fraction, i.e., Cu/(In+Ga), and the ratio of In to Ga composing the QDs. The energy gap of CIGS QDs was enlarged from 1.74 to 2.77 eV with a decrease in the In/(In+Ga) ratio from 1.0 to 0. The PL intensity was remarkably dependent on the Cu fraction, and the PL peak width was dependent on the In/(In+Ga) ratio. The sharpest PL peak at 668 nm with a full width at half maximum (fwhm) of 0.23 eV was obtained for CIGS QDs prepared with ratios of Cu/(In+Ga) = 0.3 and In/(In+Ga) = 0.7, being much narrower than those previously reported with CIGS QDs, fwhm of >0.4 eV. The PL quantum yield of CIGS QDs, 8.3%, was increased to 27% and 46% without a PL peak broadening by surface coating with GaSx and Ga–Zn–S shells, respectively. Considering a large Stokes shift of >0.5 eV and the predominant PL decay component of ∼200–400 ns, the narrow PL peak was assignable to the emission from intragap states. QD-LEDs fabricated with CIGS QDs surface-coated with GaSx shells showed a red color with a narrow emission peak at 688 nm with a fwhm of 0.24 eV.
Time-resolved low-pressure air-assisted spray performance and unsteadiness evaluation
Authors: Roberts William L.
Published: April 2023

The main advantages of air-assisted spray are its high-quality atomization at low injection pressures and insensitivity to the viscosity of atomized liquid. In this study, the droplet size and velocity of a low-pressure intermittent air-assisted spray were studied by using phase Doppler anemometry, and the effects of liquid fuel injection duration on time-resolved spray microscopic characteristics and spray unsteadiness were analyzed. Droplet size-velocity joint probability density functions were employed to characterize the droplet diameter-velocity distribution as well as the probability range. A comparison of the droplet Weber number with an empirical critical value indicates that atomized droplets hardly undergo secondary shear breakup. Based on the ideal spray theory of Edwards and Marx, an improved algorithm is proposed with the concept of iterative rejection of inter-particle arrival times to quantify the unsteadiness of air-assisted sprays by eliminating the dependence of the calculation results on droplet sampling data. The results show that intermittent air-assisted spray is an inherently unsteady process that can be influenced by fuel injection duration and spatial location, while independent of the droplet size. In addition, the spray unsteadiness exhibits noteworthy variations at different spray stages segmented by droplet velocity vs time. The relation between the potential internal gas–liquid two-phase status determined by fuel injection duration and the spray performance is elaborated.
Scaling behavior for the detachment of a self-propelling filament from an attractive surface
Authors: Feng Guo-qiang , Tian Wen-de
Published: April 2023

Desorption of a self-propelling filament from an attractive surface is studied by computer simulations and the influence of activity, chain length, and chain rigidity is explored. For the flexible filament, we find three scaling regimes of desorption time vs activity with various scaling exponents. At low activity, the scaling law results from the spiral-like detachment kinetics. And at high activity, by theoretical analysis, the desorption is reminiscent of the escaping mechanism of a super-diffusive blob from a potential well at a short time scale. Additionally, the desorption time decreases first and then increases with chain length at low activity, since it is hard to form a spiral for short filaments due to the limited volume repulsion. For high activities, the desorption time approximately scales with chain length, with a scaling exponent ∼0.5, which can be explained by the theory and numerically fitting scaling law between the end-to-end distance of the “globule-like” filament and chain length. Furthermore, a non-monotonic behavior is observed between the desorption time and the chain stiffness. Desorption time slightly decreases first and then rapidly increases with stiffness due to the opposed effects of increasing rigidity on headiing-up time and leaving-away time. In contrast to traditional polymers, the scaling behavior suggests unique desorption characteristics of active polymers.