bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of monocarboxylate transporters and glucose transporters in prostate cancer
Authors: Vovdenko Stanislav , Morozov Andrey , Ali Stanislav , Kogan Evgeniia , Bezrukov Evgeny
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

Currently, research of new diagnostic approaches to detect clinically significant prostate cancer is relevant because of the importance of early detection of aggressive forms of the disease, often challenging, even when using modern diagnostic tools. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding monocarboxylate transporters’ and glucose transporters’ expression as a component of glycolytic phenotype definition in prostate cancer cells.

Methods:

We searched PubMed and Scopus databases. Twenty-six articles from 2003 to 2022 were included. Literature research and selection were carried out based on the recommendations of the PRISMA statement.

Results:

The presence of “lactate shuttle” in the tumor tissue is associated with a worse prognosis. Increased expression of MCT2, MCT4, GLUT1, and down-regulation of GLUT3 are associated with prostate adenocarcinoma. MCT4 expression level correlates with the grade of tumor malignancy and disease prognosis. Up-regulation of GLUT1 and MCT4 is typical for hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Inhibition of MCT1 and MCT4 and GLUT1 in prostate cancer cells reduces their metabolic activity and growth rate, a suitable novel approach for targeted therapy.

Conclusion:

Review of the current studies showed that expression of certain MCTs and GLUTs types are associated with prostate cancer and some of them correlate with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Detection by immunohistochemistry of these transporters could represent a new diagnostic tool to identify aggressive forms of prostate cancer, and a novel therapeutic target for selective drugs.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-486 in patients with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Xiaoyu , Li Linlin , Zhang Linlin , Liu Wenjing , Wu Yang , Ma Rui
Published: July 2022

Purpose

There are conflicting opinions on whether miR-486 could be used for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, this present study investigated the potential effect of miR-486 on lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Methods

We researched PubMed, Embase, Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to select relevant publications. Specificity and sensitivity were obtained for the pooled and subgroup diagnostic meta-analysis while the hazard ratio was for prognostic meta-analysis. Publication analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity.

Results

The overall sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals were 0.8 (0.8–0.9) and 0.9 (0.9–0.9). Results of subgroup analysis showed that high diagnostic efficacy might be obtained by miR-486 combined with other microRNAs (area under the curve (AUC): 0.9 (0.9–1.0)) to distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy controls (AUC: 1.0 (0.9–1.0)), especially for lung adenocarcinoma (AUC: 1.0 (1.0–1.0)) in the Asian population (AUC: 0.9 (0.9–1.0)). For prognosis prediction of miR-486 in overall non-small cell lung cancer, the overall hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval was 1.15 (0.85–1.54) for high versus low expression of miR-486, which indicated that a high miR-486 level was not related to the high risk of poor outcome. However, for the subgroup of progression-free survival and patients with chemotherapy, the hazard ratio was 0.41 (0.21–0.77), indicating that the higher miR-486 level would decrease the risk of poor progression-free survival for lung cancer patients with chemotherapy.

Conclusion

This study suggested circulating miR-486 combined with other microRNAs could be used as ideal biomarkers in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction for lung cancer, especially for lung adenocarcinoma in the Asian population.
Exilic Marxisms: Lukács and Balázs in Stalin’s Moscow
Authors: Tihanov Galin
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses exile and emigration as factors in the encounters of art, philosophy, cultural criticism, and political power in Soviet Russia under Stalin. While by now we possess considerable knowledge about emigration and exile from Eastern and Central Europe to the West in the 1920s and 1930s, we have tended to under-research and under-conceptualize the alternative destination. Seemingly less glamorous and lastingly tainted by the open glorification or silent acquiescence to Stalin and the purges, Moscow as a place of emigration and exile of left East-Central European intellectuals in the 1930s presents a uniquely important trajectory, the study of which contributes to enriching and refining our understanding not just of the history of international communism, but also – and perhaps more importantly – of the formation of the intellectual and political elites that were to shape life in the Eastern Bloc after 1945.
Averting Tragedy: An Exploration of Thwarted Mass Public Shootings Relative to Completed Attacks
Authors: Rocque Michael , Gerdes Madison , Fox James Alan , Duwe Grant , Clark Madeline
Published: July 2022

Scholarship on mass public shootings has increased in recent years as comprehensive datasets have become more available. As a result, much is known about the contextual and offender related characteristics of such attacks. However, less research has been conducted on attacks that were planned but ultimately did not occur. Understanding how mass public shootings may be thwarted or averted is important for both policy and theoretical reasons. In this paper, we describe a new dataset of averted mass public shooting threats (N = 194) from 2000–2019 and compare them to mass public shootings that were completed during this time (N = 97). Several noteworthy findings emerged, including that nearly half of the averted cases were reported by a friend or acquaintance, most targeted a specific location or group, and averted cases were more likely to involve school targets and co-offenders. Implications are discussed.
Arguments as Tools for Assessing Images of Transport in Urban Planning
Authors: Navarro-Ligero Miguel L. , Valenzuela-Montes Luis Miguel
Published: July 2022

Planners and researchers need instruments for assessing the construction of future images. We propose an argumentative model for assessing instrumental and constitutional images in plans, supported by three master criteria—consistency, coherence, and plausibility—that encompass alternative argumentation strategies and image-building processes. We applied it to an assessment of planning documents in the metropolitan area of Granada, identifying main argumentation backgrounds (metropolitan/urban reforms, transport corridor design, and integration) and fields (demand- and capacity-based) in the formation of the image of Light Rail Transit as an integrated metropolitan system and as urban access system.
Examining the Efficacy of Bright Light Therapy on Cognitive Function in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Survivors
Authors: Wu Lisa M. , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis B. , Amidi Ali , Reid Kathryn J. , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Bovbjerg Katrin , Fox Rina S. , Walker Lauren , Matharu Amreen , Kaseda Erin T. , Galvin John P. , Adekola Kehinde , Winkel Gary , Penedo Frank , Redd William H.
Published: July 2022

Patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) may experience cognitive impairment that can persist after treatment. Several studies have shown that bright light therapy may improve cognition, potentially due to its effects on the circadian system via brain regions that respond preferentially to light. In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, the efficacy of bright light therapy on cognition was examined in HSCT survivors. Forty-seven HSCT survivors at an urban hospital in the United States were screened for mild cognitive impairment, randomized to either bright white light (BWL) or comparison dim red light (DRL) conditions using a block randomization approach, and instructed to use their assigned light box every morning upon awakening for 30 min for 4 weeks. Assessments occurred at baseline, the end of the second week of the intervention, the end of the intervention, and at follow-up (8 weeks later). The primary outcome was objective cognitive function as measured by a global composite score on neuropsychological tests. Secondary outcomes included cognitive performance in individual domains, self-reported cognitive function, fatigue, sleep and sleep quality, and circadian rhythm robustness. Repeated-measures linear mixed models for both objective and self-reported cognitive function indicated significant main effects for time ( ps < 0.05) suggesting significant improvements in both conditions over time. Time by light condition interaction effects were not significant. Models focused on secondary outcomes yielded no significant effects. Both BWL and DRL groups demonstrated significant improvements in objective cognitive and self-reported cognitive function over time, but there was no hypothesized effect of BWL over DRL nor associations with circadian rhythm robustness. Therapeutic effects of both light conditions, practice effects, and/or placebo effects may account for the findings.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02677987 (9 February 2016)
Prevalence and Predictors of Perpetration of Cyberviolence Against a Dating Partner: A Cross-Cultural Study with Moroccan and Spanish Youth
Authors: Soriano-Ayala Encarnación , Cala Verónica C. , Orpinas Pamela
Published: July 2022

The rise in the levels of cyberviolence in adolescent couples has become a social, educational, and public health problem of enormous magnitude. This study analyzed the nature and dimensions of cyberviolence among adolescents and its association with other forms of offline violence by country of origin (Morocco or Spain) and gender. The objective of the study was to identify the predictors of the perpetration of cyberviolence against a dating partner. The predictor variables were five types of dating victimization (cyber, physical, sexual, emotional with a social impact, and emotional with an individual impact), history of violence, and parental monitoring knowledge. The sample consisted of Spanish ( n = 802) and Moroccan students ( n = 241) who had dated and attended secondary schools in southeastern Spain. Over half of the participants had perpetrated cyberviolence against their partners; the prevalence was higher among girls and Moroccan youth. Boys reported more physical victimization than girls. For all groups, the strongest predictor of cyberviolence perpetration was cyberviolence victimization. The influence of other forms of victimization, history of offline violence, and parental monitoring differed by the youth’s country of origin and gender. The study reinforces the need for intersectional and cross-cultural analyses of online behaviors.
Evaluating the Mentors in Violence Prevention Program: A Process Examination of How Implementation Can Affect Gender-Based Violence Outcomes
Authors: Pagani Stefania , Hunter Simon C. , Elliott Mark A.
Published: July 2022

Gender-based violence is a global public health issue and major human rights concern. It is also a type of violence that is disproportionately experienced by women and girls. This study is the first to examine multiple implementation process (dosage, fidelity, and adaptation) effects on changes in anticipated outcomes of a school-based bystander program targeting gender-based violence, Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP). Data were collected from two participant groups: mentees (students receiving MVP) and mentors (students delivering MVP), across nine participating high schools. The mentee sample comprised 698 students (about 48.9% males and 49.7% females), aged 11 to 14 years old ( M = 11.86, SD = 0.64). The mentor sample comprised 118 students (17.80% males, 82.20% females), aged 15 to 18 years old ( M = 16.42, SD = 0.60). Anticipated outcomes were changes in bystanders’ attitudes, social influences, control perceptions, intentions, willingness, and intervention behavior, measured using mentees’ self-reports at two time points approximately 1 year apart. Implementation processes were measured using mentors’ self-reports. Analyses revealed no effects for any of the implementation variables across changes in any of the outcomes measured. These results highlight important implications for the implementation of the MVP program going forward, given its widespread implementation in the United Kingdom. Possible ways that MVP may be enhanced in future are discussed. For example, furthering understanding into how gender-based violence and bystander intervention are addressed and framed during MVP lessons would give more insight into how the current implementation of the program can be improved to maximize its potential benefits.
Seeing the Harm to Happiness: Integrating Satisfaction With Life Into Restorative Practices
Authors: Olson Jeremy , Sarver Rebecca S. , Killian Brad
Published: July 2022

This article proposes an approach to intervening in harms that is based on the integration of positive psychology and restorative justice. We begin by reviewing the importance of interpersonal relationships to restorative justice. Next, we discuss harms as viewed in restorative justice. We then explore the concept and language of happiness through models of satisfaction with life (SWL) from positive psychology. We end the article by proposing the integration of models of SWL into the practices of restorative dialogue and the development of restoration plans.
Intersection of Conflicting Values: Symbols of Memory and Acts of Artistic Expression
Authors: Gliszczyńska-Grabias Aleksandra
Published: July 2022

Symbols of the past influence the present, very often dependent on the will of those who currently “weave the story,” to use the expression coined by Olga Tokarczuk.1 This applies in particular to national symbols, burdened by historical trauma, whose rank and protection may become handy tools for controlling social and public narratives. In this context, it is the law itself, with its special category of memory laws, that very often turns out to be instrumentally used by the state apparatus to strengthen such narratives. In times of social peace, this kind of state-governed manner of how we remember and perceive symbols remains imperceptible. However, in times of turmoil, symbols can serve as legal weapons against rights and freedoms. Then, the protection of the national anthem or emblem, monuments or graphics may be turned into the de facto protection of the state against its critics. Labelling themselves as the guardians of “historical truth,” the authorities tend to secure the orthodox vision of the past. Importantly, this vision very often remains distant from the official findings of historians. It was exactly in such an ideologically and nationalistically burdened social atmosphere in Poland when Jaś Kapela, Polish poet and activist, decided to perform publicly his protest song. He did so by changing the official wording of the Polish national anthem into a pro-refugee appeal and broadcast it on YouTube, which eventually brought him before Polish courts, including the Supreme Court.
Machinability of squeeze cast (TiB2+CNT)/Al 7075 metal matrix nano-composite during EDM with untreated and cryogenic treated Cu electrodes: A comparative study
Authors: Pradhan Rahul Chandra , Das Diptikanta , Sahoo Barada Prasanna , Chaubey Anil Kumar
Published: July 2022

This paper accentuates investigation of machining responses and surface integrity of (TiB2+CNT) reinforced Al 7075 metal matrix nano-composite intended for aerospace and automotive applications, which was processed through modified liquid metallurgy squeeze casting route. Microstructure of the developed composite was investigated through scanning electron microscopy, elemental distribution was identified through Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and mechanical properties were determined following recommended ASTM standards. However, focus was emphasized on exploration of the influence of peak current ( IP), pulse-on time ( TON), and gap voltage ( VG) on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface integrity during electrical discharge machining of the hybrid nano-composite with untreated and cryogenic treated Cu tools. MRR, TWR, and average roughness ( Ra) of the machined surfaces showed distinctive pattern in their variations when the machining parameters were changed; however, hardness of the machined surfaces did not show any specific trend with respect to the increase of the considered parameters. Cryogenic treated Cu tools outperformed the untreated tools, as perceived from the experimental results. For instance, while machining at TON = 100 µs, VG = 55 V, and IP = 10 A, maximum MRR for untreated tools was 27.43 mm3/min, and that for cryogenic treated tool was 29.12 mm3/min, leading to an improvement of about 5.8%. But at VG = 55V, IP = 4 A, and TON = 300 µs, maximum MRR for untreated tools was 16.71 mm3/min, and that for cryogenic treated tool was 18.22 mm3/min, leading to an improvement of about 8.3%. Similarly, at IP = 4A and TON = 100 µs and VG = 75V, maximum MRR for untreated tools was 14.88 mm3/min, and that for cryogenic treated tool was 22.7 mm3/min, leading to an improvement of about 34.4%. Similar outperformed results for cryogenic treated tools were also achieved while analyzing the experimental results of TWR, surface hardness and Ra. Finally, surface defects were analyzed through SEM at the disparate parametric combinations.
Prediction of surface roughness and cutting force induced during rotary ultrasonic bone drilling via statistical and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Agarwal Raj , Gupta Vishal , Singh Jaskaran , Jain Vivek
Published: July 2022

The ultrasonic-assisted drilling of bone is gaining significant attention in orthopedic research and clinical applications due to the advantage of reducing thermal necrosis, cutting force, and microcracks. Mechanical and surface morphological damage due to cutting force and surface roughness rise during bone drilling may result in implant failure during osteosynthesis. It is difficult to predict and measure cutting force and surface irregularities during real-time medical orthopedic surgery. Therefore, the present work uses the application of different machine learning models to predict cutting force and surface roughness induced during bone drilling. The predictive results of machine learning models were compared with statistical analysis. During the study, rotary ultrasonic drilling is performed on the pig femur bone. The surface roughness and cutting forces are monitored using a surface roughness tester and a dynamometer respectively. Predictive models were developed by drilling parameters such as spindle rotational speed, abrasive girt size, and feed rate. Various machine learning algorithms such as ridge regression, lasso regression, support vector regression, multi-linear regression, and artificial neural networks were leveraged and compared at different error metrics to provide a robust predictive model. It was observed that ridge regression has the least error metrics compared to other machine learning algorithms during surface roughness prediction. Moreover, the most accurate model for predicting cutting force was support vector regression. The error metrics for statistical analysis were comparatively higher than the machine learning algorithms. Therefore, machine-learning algorithms are preferable for adequate prediction of surface roughness and cutting force induced during bone drilling compared to statistical analysis.
Integrated topology and packaging optimization for conceptual-level electric vehicle chassis design via the component-existence method
Authors: Roper Stephen William Knox , Kim Il Yong
Published: July 2022

Conventional vehicle architectures are undergoing significant transformation as automakers embrace electrification. With increased emphasis on lightweight structures design and efficient packaging of new electric powertrains, numerical tools are now essential to help solve these complex material and component distribution problems. To address these challenges, methods for integrated topology and packaging optimization (iTOPO) have been developed to couple these problem statements and form dynamic component-structure interactions. In this work, a component-existence approach is used for conducting iTOPO of self-contained electric vehicle chassis structures to demonstrate the benefits and scalability of this emerging methodology. Examples focus on incorporating simplified components for battery modules and electric motors within the underlying vehicle structure, integrating up to 43 components simultaneously in a 3D design domain. Here, discussion highlights the development of unique integrated layouts, methodology tunability, and practical insights of the formed component-structure interactions. iTOPO results are also compared to equivalent topology-only problems and show less than a 10% difference in compliance despite the addition of various complex integration requirements (e.g. multiple geometries, packaging symmetry).
Unsteady flow of magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet: Multiple solutions
Authors: Triveni Battena , Venkata Subba Rao Munagala
Published: July 2022

The main goal of this article is to perform a heat transfer analysis of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet. The hybrid nanofluid is synthesized by adding two kinds of nano-sized particles. In this examination, TiO2 and Cu nano-sized particles are taken with water as a base fluid. Using an appropriate similarity transformation approach, a set of nonlinear equations is obtained from the governing equations of the current study. To solve the changed system, the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg approach is applied combined with the shooting method. The obtained data is presented in graphs and tables. Here, dual solutions can be seen utilizing upper and lower division solutions particularly aimed at a specific domain of unsteadiness parameter. The skin friction coefficient parameter shows a considerable improvement. Whereas in the case of the shrinking sheet, larger values of the magnetic parameter and solid volume fraction results in a significant drop in the local heat transfer rate for the upper branch case, while the lower branch case shows a different pattern.
The “slow anatomy of change”: urban knowledge trajectories towards an inclusive settlement upgrading agenda in Freetown, Sierra Leone
Authors: Macarthy Joseph , Koroma Braima , Cociña Camila , Butcher Stephanie , Apsan Frediani Alexandre
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the dominant knowledge paradigms that have underpinned planning over time in Freetown, Sierra Leone and their implications for urban equality. Looking at the history of the informal settlement upgrading agenda, it presents this analysis through a historical mapping, outlining the knowledge paradigms that have informed planning approaches from the colonial era to the present day. It then outlines three strategic moments over the past 13 years, in which organized informal settlement residents and wider coalitions have mobilized diverse forms of knowledge. By engaging both with long-term trajectories and the intimacy of more recent experiences, it outlines what we refer to as the “slow anatomy of change” through which diverse knowledges have been consolidated. The paper offers reflections on the temporalities and geographies of change; the role of knowledge production as a historical site of power disparities; and what these strategies tell us about the negotiation of power and knowledge through planning towards urban equality.
The provision of smart service at academic libraries and associated challenges
Authors: Hamad Faten , Al-Fadel Maha , Fakhouri Hussam
Published: July 2022

Technological advancement has forced academic libraries to change their traditional services by adopting emerging technologies to respond to the changing information needs of their users, who are now more technologically inclined and prefer remote and timely access to scholarly information. Smart technologies are the recent trend in academic libraries. Smart technologies have the potential to enhance academic library services provision and also support the distance learning environment, especially now as higher education embraces online and distance learning. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the level of implementation of smart services at academic libraries and the challenges they face in developing and/or providing smart services. A questionnaire was developed to collect the required data from library staff ( N = 340) at academic libraries in Jordan, where (246) responded and completed the questionnaire. The results indicate a moderate level of implementation of smart services at academic libraries in Jordan ( M = 3.12). The result also shows that the challenges facing the libraries to implement and offer smart services was also moderate ( M = 3.57). Resistance to change was the main challenge libraries face in their attempt to embrace smart technology to offer smart services. Also, privacy and confidentiality appeared to be one of the top rated challenges libraries have to deal with when planning for smart services deployment. Moreover, financial-related issues, such as poor infrastructure and staff training were among the main challenges librarians face to develop/offer smart services. Most importantly, challenges negatively affect the level of smart services at academic libraries in Jordan. This paper provides insights for academic librarians and decision-makers in planning for the provision of smart services at their libraries. It highlights the main challenges that might hinder the implementation and provision of smart services.
What are the options for library and information studies education reform in addressing racial inequity in the library profession in the UK?
Authors: Inskip Charles
Published: July 2022

This work explores international research into library and information studies (LIS) education as part of the diversity, equity, inclusion and access (DEIA) agenda and identifies options for LIS education reform in addressing racial inequity in the library profession in the UK. The paper sets out the UK legal, higher education and LIS education contexts, focussing on the role of the professional association, accreditation and the curriculum, and the library and information workforce, and highlights current practices in DEIA in the UK. Using a methodology drawn from bibliometric approaches, a set of academic and professional articles related to DEIA and the LIS curriculum are analysed and nine interpretative repertoires are then identified and discussed. Four core mature repertoires concentrate on the professional association, the university, LIS faculty and the curriculum. These core clusters are surrounded by emerging repertoires which are more recent and more critical. Each repertoire is discussed, referring to key sources and authors to present a picture of trends and complexity in recent (2000–2022) literature on the topic. The aim of this work is to provide a detailed view of existing practice in LIS education relating to DEIA. LIS schools are a vital part of the professional pathway: without a qualification there is no profession, and university students are more-often-than-not drawn from the more privileged and wealthier sectors of society. It is recommended that LIS schools recruit students and faculty who reflect communities and develop the abilities of students to serve the communities they may or may not reflect. These are categorized into clusters, in an attempt to inform LIS education reform in the UK.
Cyclic hematopoiesis in a mixed-breed dog: case report and brief review
Authors: Lee Gary K. C. , Barbosa Courtney , Andersen Gitte , Ramirez Christina J. , Kornya Matthew , Abrams-Ogg Anthony , Morrison Katherine , Diamantino Gabriella , Wood R. Darren , Beeler-Marfisi Janet , Ampuero Fernanda , Tatiersky Laetitia , Bienzle Dorothee
Published: July 2022

An 8-wk-old, male, mixed-breed puppy was adopted from a rescue organization. From the time of adoption, the puppy suffered episodes of illness affecting various organ systems, which resolved with supportive therapy but relapsed once medical therapy was discontinued. Review of the hematologic data revealed cyclic fluctuations in circulating blood cells. Cyclicity was most prominent in neutrophils, with recurrent severe neutropenia. Neutropenic episodes lasted 5–6 d, with regular cycles of 11–14 d between nadir neutrophil counts. Genetic testing determined that the patient was homozygous mutant for the frameshift mutation in the adaptor protein complex 3 β-subunit ( AP3B1) gene, originally identified in gray collies with cyclic hematopoiesis (CH). Pedigree information was not available, but the patient’s features were phenotypically distinct from those of collies. We describe here a case of the AP3B1 mutation in a mixed-breed dog that did not resemble a collie, undescribed previously, to our knowledge. Our findings indicate that the AP3B1 mutation and CH are present within the general canine population and are not restricted to collies.
Talking Through the Silence: How do Clinical Psychologists who Have Experienced Suicide Bereavement ‘Make Sense’ of Suicide?
Authors: Dauhoo Farah , Gratton Jacqui , Fuller Jeanette , Nolte Lizette
Published: July 2022

There is a lack of research concerning therapists’ emotional responses to the suicide of clients and/or friends and family and yet, professionally, therapists commonly manage suicide risk of their clients and need to abide by relevant policies. Using a purposive sampling technique, twelve female clinical psychologists working in the UK were recruited via social media platforms. A qualitative method was adopted to offer an in-depth understanding into the lived experiences of losing a loved one and/or client to suicide. The semi-structured interviews took place via video-call or via telephone for up to one hour. Three themes were identified as follows: how talk is experienced as a way of making sense of suicide the messiness of being human,and an experience that helps psychologists face suicide. This study brings to light the dilemmas experienced by clinical psychologists who are both clinicians and survivors of suicide. The findings highlight the lack of conversation relating to bereavement by suicide within mental health services. This study offers insight into how clinical psychologists experience suicide bereavement, and discusses the clinical and UK policy implications.
Cleft Lip and/or Palate Repair in Children With Hypopituitarism: Analysis of the Kids’ Inpatient Database
Authors: Poupore Nicolas S. , Chidarala Shreya , Nguyen Shaun A. , Teufel Ronald J. , Patel Krishna G. , Pecha Phayvanh P. , Carroll William W.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Children with hypopituitarism (CwHP) can present with orofacial clefting, frequently in the setting of multiple midline anomalies. Hypopituitarism (HP) can complicate medical and surgical care; the perioperative risk in CwHP during the traditionally lower risk cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) repair is not well described. The objective of this study is to examine the differences in complications and mortality of CL/P repair in CwHP compared to children without hypopituitarism (CwoHP).

Design

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis.

Setting

The 1997 to 2019 Kids’ Inpatient Databases (KID).

Patients

Children 3 years old and younger who underwent CL/P repair.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Complications and mortality.

Results

A total of 34 106 weighted cases were analyzed, with 86 having HP. CwHP had a longer length of stay (3.0 days [IQR 2.0-10.0] vs 1.0 day [IQR 1.0-2.0], P < .001) and higher rates of complications and mortality (12.8% vs 2.9%, P < .001) compared to CwoHP. Controlling for demographic factors, CwHP had 6.61 higher odds of complications and mortality than CwoHP (95% CI 3.38-12.94, P < .001).

Conclusions

CwHP can present with a CL/P and other midline defects that can increase the complexity of their care. These data show a significant increase in length of stay, complications, and mortality in CwHP undergoing CL/P repair. Increased multidisciplinary attention and monitoring may be needed for these children peri- and postoperatively, especially if additional comorbidities are present. Further studies on perioperative management in this population are warranted to reduce morbidity and mortality.
A Rare Case of Co-Existing Mucin-Producing Urothelial-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate and Acinar Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nova-Camacho Luiz M. , Villafruela Mateos Ainara
Published: July 2022

Mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate is an extremely rare neoplasm, and its coexistence with acinar adenocarcinoma is exceptional. A 70-year-old man presented with treatment resistant symptoms of urinary obstruction. The serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was normal. Cystoscopy revealed a kind of “cottony fluff” in the prostatic urethra. A computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a polylobulated, hyperintense lesion with mucinous content. It was located in the right lobe of the prostate and measured 35 × 27 × 35 mm. The bladder cavity did not show lesions and the gastrointestinal endoscopy was normal. Thus, the patient underwent a radical cystoprostatectomy. The histological sections showed the characteristics of a mucin-producing adenocarcinoma with extensive areas of mucin pools formation. No areas of necrosis, glandular urethritis, or carcinoma in situ were identified. Neither lymphovascular and perineural invasion nor lymph node metastases were identified. The immunohistochemical study showed diffuse positivity for keratin (KRT) 7, KRT20, and membranous beta-catenin and focal positivity for KRT34betaE12 and caudal-related homeobox gene 2 (CDX2). In addition, we identified a 10-mm focus of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma that was positive for racemase and NKX3.1. There is no treatment algorithm for this condition; however, surgery (radical prostatectomy) with or without adjuvant chemotherapeutic treatment represents a therapeutic alternative.
Indolent NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Gastrointestinal Tract — a Report of two Cases of a new Provisional Entity on the World Health Organization Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors
Authors: Alves de Castro João Víctor , Costa Felipe D’Almeida , Ferreira Cristiane Rúbia
Published: July 2022

Indolent NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract is a new provisional entity listed in the structure of the forthcoming fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors. It was first named as “NK-cell enteropathy” and “Lymphomatoid gastropathy” by two independent series a decade ago. Molecular or cytogenetic studies have lent support to the clonal/neoplastic nature of this entity. Herein we add two of such cases that still challenge pathologists and were previously diagnosed as aggressive lymphomas of NK/T derivation.
Primary Renal Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors: Analyis of Six Cases from a Tertiary Care Center in North India with Review of Literature
Authors: Kumari Neha , Verma Ritu , Agrawal Vinita , Singh Uday Pratap
Published: July 2022

Well-differentiated renal neuroendocrine tumors are rare tumors. As their biologic behavior is not fully known, there is a need to know more about these cases. We performed a retrospective chart review of all the cases diagnosed with renal neuroendocrine tumors from January 2016 to December 2020 (five years) in order to understand their clinical features, morphological characteristics and outcome. We included six cases with mean age of 46.2 years (4 males) in our study. All patients underwent radical nephrectomy. Histologically all showed tumor disposed in nests and trabeculae and majority of the tumors belonged to well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor Grade 1 (WHO criteria of gastoroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms). Lymph node metastasis was seen in two cases at the time of clinical presentation. All the tumors were diffusely positive for neuroendocrine tumor markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin, NSE, CD56). Follow-up data was available in all cases with an average follow-up of two years and neither has shown evidence of metastasis or relapse till last follow-up. Role of morphological patterns and immunohistochemical markers is highlighted with the importance of including Ki-67 index in grading them to better understand their outcome.
Decreased Mechanical Work Demand in the Chopart Joint After Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Deleu Paul-André , Naaim Alexandre , Chèze Laurence , Dumas Raphaël , Devos Bevernage Bernhard , Birch Ivan , Besse Jean-Luc , Leemrijse Thibaut
Published: July 2022

Background:

The success of total ankle replacement (TAR) must be based on restoring reasonable mechanical balance with anatomical structures that can produce mechanical joint work through elastic (eg, tendons, fascia) or viscoelastic (eg, heel pad) mechanisms, or by active muscle contractions. Yet, quantifying the work distribution across the affected joint and the neighboring foot joints after TAR is lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate if there is a change in the joint work distribution across the Ankle, Chopart, Lisfranc and Metatarsophalangeal joints during level walking before and after patients undergo TAR.

Methods:

Fifteen patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis scheduled for primary TAR for pain relief were recruited and peer-matched with a sample of 15 control subjects. All patients underwent a 3D gait analysis before and after surgery, during which a kinetic multisegment foot model was used to quantify intersegmental joint work.

Results:

The contribution of the Ankle joint ( P = .007) to the total foot and ankle positive work increased significantly after TAR. In contrast, a significant decrease in the contribution to the total foot and ankle joint positive work ( P < .001) were found at the Chopart joint after TAR. The foot joints combined produced a significant increase in a net mechanical work from +0.01 J/kg before surgery to +0.05 J/kg after TAR ( P = .006).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study corroborate the theoretical rationale that TAR reduces significantly the compensatory strategy in the Chopart joint in patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis after TAR. However, the findings also showed that the contribution of the ankle joint of patients after TAR to the total foot and ankle joint positive work remained impaired compared to the control group.
Diverging from the Norm: Reevaluating What Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents Tell Us about Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Koesters Andrew G. , Rich Mark M. , Engisch Kathrin L.
Published: July 2022

The idea that the nervous system maintains a set point of network activity and homeostatically returns to that set point in the face of dramatic disruption—during development, after injury, in pathologic states, and during sleep/wake cycles—is rapidly becoming accepted as a key plasticity behavior, placing it alongside long-term potentiation and depression. The dramatic growth in studies of homeostatic synaptic plasticity of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs) is attributable, in part, to the simple yet elegant mechanism of uniform multiplicative scaling proposed by Turrigiano and colleagues: that neurons sense their own activity and globally multiply the strength of every synapse by a single factor to return activity to the set point without altering established differences in synaptic weights. We have recently shown that for mEPSCs recorded from control and activity-blocked cultures of mouse cortical neurons, the synaptic scaling factor is not uniform but is close to 1 for the smallest mEPSC amplitudes and progressively increases as mEPSC amplitudes increase, which we term divergent scaling. Using insights gained from simulating uniform multiplicative scaling, we review evidence from published studies and conclude that divergent synaptic scaling is the norm rather than the exception. This conclusion has implications for hypotheses about the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic scaling.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Multiple Effects on Cognition
Authors: Hartwigsen Gesa , Silvanto Juha
Published: July 2022

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are widely used tools for the study and rehabilitation of cognitive functions. Different NIBS approaches aim to enhance or impair different cognitive processes. The methodological focus for achieving this has been on stimulation protocols that are considered either inhibitory or facilitatory. However, despite more than three decades of use, their application is based on incomplete and overly simplistic conceptualizations of mechanisms of action. Such misconception limits the usefulness of these approaches in the basic science and clinical domains. In this review, we challenge this view by arguing that stimulation protocols themselves are neither inhibitory nor facilitatory. Instead, we suggest that all induced effects reflect complex interactions of internal and external factors. Given these considerations, we present a novel model in which we conceptualize NIBS effects as an interaction between brain activity and the characteristics of the external stimulus. This interactive model can explain various phenomena in the brain stimulation literature that have been considered unexpected or paradoxical. We argue that these effects no longer seem paradoxical when considered from the viewpoint of state dependency.
A multicentre study with real-world data of the use of palbociclib in the treatment of breast cancer: Treatment duration correlates with dose reductions
Authors: Musicco Felice , Lasala Ruggero , Santoleri Fiorenzo , Costantini Alberto , Abrate Paolo , Carretta Maria Teresa , Proli Enrica Maria , Romagnoli Alessia , Petragnani Nicola , Vita Francesco De , Zeuli Massimo , Vici Patrizia , Sansone Massimo , Pasquantonio Matilde , La Malfa Antonia , Fulgenzio Chiara
Published: July 2022

Objective

Palbociclib, a highly selective reversible CDK4-6 kinase inhibitor, is indicated in combination with an aromatase inhibitor or in combination with fulvestrant in women who had received prior endocrine treatment. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of palbociclib in combination with fulvestrant in increasing progression-free survival in patients who relapsed or progressed on previous endocrine therapy, or in combination with aromatase inhibitor in patients who had not received previous treatments. We analysed the prescribing patterns of palbociclib in real practice correlating it with the evidence of treatment-related toxicity management and to time-to-treatment discontinuation and treatment adherence.

Methods

For the observational, retrospective study, data were collected from five Italian hospital centres that prescribed palbociclib between April 2017 and April 2020. Each centre provided data derived from an administrative database of adult patients treated with palbociclib for the two therapeutic indications. Treatment adherence was calculated using the proportion of days covered method while time-to-treatment discontinuation was defined as the difference between the first and last date treatment was administered plus the days ideally covered by the last date treatment was given.

Results

There were 375 patients enrolled during the study period, of whom 159 were treated with palbociclib and aromatase inhibitor and 216 were treated with palbociclib and fulvestrant. The time-to-treatment discontinuation was 8.9 months in the case of P + f (95% CI: 7.1−12.7) and 13.7 months in the case of P + ia (95% CI: 8.9−17.5). In both cohorts, treatments that received at least one dose reduction had a statistically higher time-to-treatment discontinuation than those without dose reduction (17.7 months vs. 9.2 and 16.6 vs. 7.4). The mean adherence in our study was 0.9 and remained high in treatments with one dose reduction (0.83) and this with two dose reductions (0.87).

Conclusion

Based on these findings, it appears that the management of toxicities through reducing doses, as required by the Summary of Product Characteristics, results in a better outcome in terms of therapy duration, and therefore time to failure due to progression or toxicity.
Effects of a tilted flat-ended punch on the receding contact between a graded and a homogeneous layer
Authors: Cao Rui , Yan Jie , Mi Changwen
Published: July 2022

This paper considers the receding contact problem between an exponentially graded layer and a homogeneous layer under the indentation of a tilted rigid flat-ended punch. In the presence of an offset load deviated from the symmetry axis of the rigid punch, the contact pressures both under the rigid punch and along the receding contact interface between the layers lose symmetry. Depending on the magnitude of eccentricity, either complete or incomplete contact may take place under the rigid flat-ended punch, whereas a receding type of contact always occurs along the interface separating the graded and the homogeneous layers. Fourier integral transforms help to convert the governing equations and mixed boundary conditions of the double-contact problem into dual Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with Cauchy-type singular kernels. Gauss–Chebyshev and Gauss–Jacobi numerical quadratures are subsequently employed to discretize and collocate the dual singular integral equations, together with the four force and moment equilibrium equations, for the complete and incomplete contact, as well as the transitional status corresponding to the critical load eccentricity. Extensive parametric studies indicate that the critical load eccentricity depends on the property gradation of the graded layer and the layer-thickness ratio, but not on the magnitude of the indentation load. The extent of contact both under the rigid flat-ended punch and along the receding contact interface is also independent of the magnitude of the indentation load. The results suggest reasonable departures from the contact properties of a homogeneous half-plane under a tilted rigid flat-ended punch, indicating the valuable information on optimizing the double-contact properties in terms of the property gradation and layer-thickness ratio under a given eccentricity.
Viewing Firearm Danger Through the Lens of Police Officers
Authors: Terrill William , Somers Logan J.
Published: July 2022

Despite danger being an integral part of officer decision-making during potentially lethal encounters (see Graham v. Connor), the study of officers’ perceptions of danger is scarce. Using a survey of over 800 police officers located in a large metropolitan police department, this study assesses officers’ perceptions of danger in different types of armed citizen situations involving various levels of citizen resistance. It also identifies various contextual factors and officer characteristics in relation to danger. The findings are used to inform future research, departmental policy, officer training, and the “objective reasonableness” standard put in place by the Supreme Court.
Association between infections, the microbiome, vaccination, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Carnero Contentti Edgar , Correale Jorge
Published: July 2022

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a devastating antibody-mediated condition of the central nervous system. As in other autoimmune diseases, there is considerable evidence to suggest that NMOSD arises from complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. However, whether factors like aquaporin-4-Antibody production initiate NMOSD attacks, currently remains unclear, and requires further investigation. Infectious diseases have also been proposed as possible environmental factors associated with NMOSD onset or relapses, some of which are more common in Asia and Latin America than in Europe and North America, in parallel with the higher incidence of NMOSD in these geographic locations. In this review, we examine current evidence on specific infections and vaccines associated with NMOSD onset and/or attacks, as well as the most recent data on gut microbiome composition and SARS-CoV-2 infection in NMOSD patients.