bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN BERBELANJA DI SUPERMARKET
Authors: Julius Yosandi
Published: February 2017

The objective of the study is to identify the impact of service quality and product quality on customers satisfaction in retail household industry. Retailers such as Matahari, Mal Metropolitan and Carrefour are considered as a proper representative of retail industry. Research method is qualitative analysis using causal associative to determine relationship and correlation between two or more variables. Data collection technique is using questionaires distributed to customers of the three retail  industries  in the month of February- March 2011. The number of samples is 120 customers from the three retailers. Hypotheses of the study will be analyzed using regression and Anova. The descriptive statistics result shows that service quality and product quality are very crucial key success factors in strengthening the competitive advantage of the retailer. When referred to service quality and product quality, very satisfied and satisfied respondents in Supermarket respectively. From the double regression test, the result of the study show that there are high positive correlation between the constructs of customer service and product quality with customer satisfaction. The three retailers still have to increase the service quality and product quality, considering it’s contribution to consumer satisfaction. It is also explains, why customers prefer Carrefour over the other two, as Carrefour’s service quality and product quality are perceived higher than the other two.
DETERMINAN PRODUKTIVITAS PENGUSAHA RUMPUT LAUT PADA KETERBATASAN SALURAN PEMASARAN DI SENTRA PRODUKSI
Authors: Bahari Bahari , Dirgantoro M. Arif , Ismunandar Bahari Doddy
Published: February 2017

The research aimed to predict farmer’s productivity level and to identify factors affecting productivity level in seaweeds farming in Muna District Southeast Sulawesi. To achieve that objectives, frontier cost function using OLS and MLE estimation method with Cobb-Douglas functional assupmtion was used. Eighty six respondents were selected by proportional random method. The results of cost function based on OLS and estimation based on MLE showed that variables of seed prices, transportation prices, labor price and amount of production had jointly significant affect. Research showed farmers achieved productivity levels between 80 to 99 percent with an average of 96 percent. Productivity level distribution was influenced significantly by seaweed sales price and dummy of marketing channels. Important policy implication was to increase  amount of production to fulfill market demand can only be done by increasing scale because gap between average productivity of farmers with maximum productivity rate of allocation and best combination of inputs (best practiced farm) is fairly narrow. Increasing  scale of seaweed farmers must been followed with reforming that involving the government to correct the marketing system of seaweed so gave better impact on the price at farm level that would increase farmers productivity.
PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR PERSONAL TERHADAP SKEPTISISME PROFESIONAL AUDITOR
Authors: Larimbi Dessy , Subroto Bambang , Rosidi Rosidi
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to test the impact of personal factors to auditor’s professional skepticism at Non Big 4 audit firms in East Java. Personal factors which tested in this study were personality type, auditor’s sex, and audit experience. Auditor’s personality types were classified based on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), audit experience was measured by auditor tenure, and auditor’s professional skepticism was measured by Hurtt (2010) professional skepticism scale. Sample used in this study were auditors at Non Big 4 audit firms in East Java, which selected by easy sampling technique (convenience sampling). Questionnaire was used as research instrument. Datas in this study were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that INFP (introvert, intuition, feeling, perceiving) and ENFJ (extrovert, intuition, feeling, judging) personality type affects auditor’s professional skepticism. This study also found that audit experience affects auditor’s professional skepticism. The more experience an auditor, the higher the professional skepticism. On the other hand, sex differences of auditors at Non Big 4 audit firms in East Java turned out to have no effect on professional skepticism.
PERILAKU INVESTOR DI PASAR MODAL INDONESIA
Authors: Sumani Sumani , Sandroto Christine Winstinindah , Mula Indah
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research is to classify thetype of individual investors in the Indonesia capital market. The purpose of classification is to provide an overview for securities firms about the profile of individual investors in the Indonesia capital market, this classification will also provide overview for individual investors on their investment habits, so they can encourage good trading habits and make the investor obtain good performance from the investment. From the profile, we provide guidelines to incorporate Behavioral Finance into asset allocation design which will better serve the investor’s best interest. The result shows that Indonesia individual investors tend to be irrational in investing, where they can be classified into two major groups: the first is the group confident big traders who have high confidence and high control, and the highest value of the portfolio. The second group which is loss averse group of small traders who have high confidence and high control, with a small value of portfolio.
MAKNA INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL PERSPEKTIF THE ROLE THEORY DAN THE RESOURCE BASED THEORY
Authors: Hermawan Sigit
Published: February 2017

This study is aimed to analyze the meaning of Intellectual Capital (IC) reviewed from the Role Theory and the Resources Based Theory. This is a qualitative study with interpretive paradigm. The data collection was conducted by in depth interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and documentation. The data validity was tested using credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability test. The data analysis was conducted during the process of data collection, following some steps including data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The result of this study shows that IC plays a role in all operational activities of Pharmacy Company, improves innovation power, performance, competitiveness, and well-being. The party who plays a role in managing IC is the manager of Human Resource Development (HRD) for Human Capital (HC), the operational or production manager for Structural Capital (SC), and the marketing or sale manager for Relational Capital (RC). It is in accordance with the role theory. Meanwhile, this research is in line with the resource based theory because the company can obtain competitive advantage and superior performance by acquisition, and it can also obtain and use important strategic asset for competitive advantage and superior financial performance. The strategic assets are tangible asset and intangible asset including IC.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PELAYANAN RAWAT INAP PUSKESMAS BERBASIS SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Wibowo Nugroho Mardi
Published: February 2017

Community Health Center (CHC) is one of the public organization perceived by society, while its resource hasn’t sufficient. This lead to inpatient service provided hasn’t been maximal. This study purposes to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and to formulate development strategies inpatient of CHC based on service delivery system in East Java. Analysis method of this study (a) applied interactive, (b) descriptive, (c) internal factors, (d) external factors, (e) external internal matrix and (f) SWOT matrix. Internal factor analysis results show that most indicators of internal factors is the strength. The indicator of quantity, quality and qualifications of non-medical labor force also revenue and expenditure budget of CHC as weaknesses in the  inpatient development of CHC. The external analysis factors produce variables of economic, legal, social, cultural, and technology create opportunity in the inpatient development of CHC. However, indicators of people's behavior towards the environment and local government health budget need special attention isn’t a threat to the inpatient development  of CHC in the future. Strategic position of CHC inpatient  development is growth strategy with horizontal integration concentration through variant and quality improvement of inpatient service of CHC in East Java.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN DAN DEWAN KOMISARIS TERHADAP CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN REAKSI PASAR
Authors: Agustia Dian
Published: February 2017

Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) seems to be a logical consequence of the implementation practice of Good Corporate Governance (GCG). By implementing CSR, companies are expected to acquire social legitimacy and maximize its financial strength in the long term, so that will affect the value of sales of company stock. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of ownership structure and the number of board of commissioners to disclosure of CSR and market reaction. Ownership structure in this case is the proportion of public ownership and proportion of managerial ownership. This study uses regression analysis. Exogenous variables used in this study is the number of the board of commissioners, public ownership proportion, and proportion of managerial ownership. Endogenous variables are disclosures of CSR and market reaction. The results of t test showed the number of the board of commissioners has a significant effect on the disclosure of CSR, the proportion of public ownership has no significant effect on the disclosure of CSR and the proportion of managerial ownership has no significant influence on the broad disclosure of CSR. The number of the Board of Commissioners has a significant effect on market reaction. The proportion of public ownership has no significant effect on market reaction. The proportion of managerial ownership has no significant influence market reaction. This study also proved that the disclosure of CSR no significant effect on market reaction. Simak
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI DAN REAL ESTATE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Chandra Teddy
Published: February 2017

This research aims to analyze the factors affecting capital structure of property and real estate companies in Indonesia. The dependent variable used was DER, while the independent variable included profitability, growth opportunity, tangibility, size, dividend, liquidity, and business risk. The samples taken were the companies listed on the property and real estate sector of Indonesia Stock Exchange which were selected using purposive sampling. Among 47 companies listed on the property and real estate sector in the population, 8 companies were listed after January 2010, 1 company was delisting, and 1 company shifted to other sector. Hence, the samples used in this research were only 37 companies. The method used was linear regression. The result showed that profitability negatively influences capital structure; size and business risk have significant positive influence to the capital structure. On the other hand, growth opportunity, dividend, and liquidity do not have any significant influence on capital structure.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, KOMUNIKASI DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. SEMEN BOSOWA MAROS
Authors: Baba Ali
Published: February 2017

Influence of Competency, Communication and Cultural Organization on Employee Performance PT. Semen Bosowa Maros. To know and analyze the influence of competence, communication and organizational culture on employee performance of PT. Semen Bosowa Maros and as for the benefits to the parties bound research is expected to develop a repertoire of knowledge in the field of human resource management especially concerning competence, communication and organizational culture on employee performance. Data used in this study are primary data that responses to questionnaires from respondents with data analysis using multiple linear regression with SPSS 20. The sample in this research is 93 respondents employees of PT. Semen Bosowa Maros. Results of this study stated that based on the analysis of data in the show showed that 66.2% of an employee's performance is influenced by competence, communication and organizational culture this means that 33.8% (100% - 66.2%) the employee's performance is influenced by other factors, where the regression results indicate that the independent variable is the style of competency, communication and organizational culture positive and significant impact on the performance of employees of PT. Semen Bosowa Maros
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, BUDAYA AKADEMIK DAN KEPEMIMPINAN SPIRITUAL TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN IMPLIKASINYA
Authors: Mulyati Tatik
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study describes competency, academic culture, spiritual leadership, motivation and lecturers’performance; to analyze the influence of competency, academic culture and spiritual leadership on motivation and to analyze the influence of competency, academic culture and spiritual leadership on lecturers’performance through motivation in Merdeka University in East Java. Using the ‘Structural Equation Modeling’ with 193 lectures as samples, this study has following results: (1) Competencies’ factor dimensions consist of pedagogical competency, professional competency, personality competency and social competency all showed significant contributions to competency. As academic culture’s factor dimensions, infrastructure, organizational management, curriculum and involvement-participation all showed significant contributions to academic culture. Regarding factor dimensions, integrity, communication and intelligence all showed significant contributions to spiritual leadership. With respect factor dimensions, physiological need, social need and sense of belonging, self-esteem need and self-actualization need all showed significant contributions to motivation. In addition, the lecturers’performance, education and teaching-learning, research and development, community service with extra activities contributed significantly. (2)  Competency has significant impact on motivation; but not with academic culture and spiritual leadership (3) Academic culture has significant impact on lecturers’performance but not with competency and spiritual leadership; (4) Motivation mediates the effect of competency on lecturers’performance. Thus, spiritual leadership has no impact on motivation nor lecturers’ performance.
“Pembebasan” Etos Akuntabilitas Anggaran Daerah: Sebuah Analisis Kritis Habermasian Atas Kolonisasi Lifeworld
Authors: Purnomosidi Ridho Muhammad , Kamayanti Ari , Triyuwono Iwan
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to desing a construct of public accountability concept that is independent of lifeworld colonization brought by the concept of New Public Management. This study emphasize its analysis on process-oriented accountability and one that liberates public communication. This study will shed a light on process responsibility, one that is not limited to information presentation but more than that, as a moral responsibility of government executive. In this study, I approach the problem through the eyes of Habermas’s critical perspective. Using Habermas's approach, I want to understand the colonization of accountability lifeworld in society. In relation to budget accountability issues, public discussion space would be the main issue.The findings of this study is that accountability, judging from the quality of service delivery, has eroded its meaning. That is, the service providers have not been able to give an adequate account for the service that they are doing, such as trying to produce a quality of service according to the wishes of the people. Therefore, the current accountability process still needs improvement, so that public officials providing service would have a sense of public responsibility when providing services to the public. Public accountability of service provided appears to disregard public discussion space that creates equality in determining what is needed and what is given to the public.
PENGARUH FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL TERHADAP SIKAP DAN NIAT PEMBELIAN DARING
Authors: Shierly Lorentia , Sihombing Sabrina
Published: February 2017

Online shopping has grown popularity over the years because of its convenient and can often save money for buyers. There are two main factors that can affect a person to do shopping online: internal factors and external factors. Previous research often focuses on one factor only, that is, internal or external factors in influencing online shopping. Therefore, this research attempts to integrate both internal (i.e., personal innovation and hedonic motivation) and external factors (i.e., web design and eWOM) in predicting attitude and intention to buy online. Data was collected by using questionnaires with non-probability sampling method. The number of respondents was 228 respondents. Data was then analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results showed that four out of five hypotheses are supported. Specifically, the results showed that personal innovation is not a significant predictor of attitude toward online shopping. This study also provides research limitations and suggestions for further research.
MARKET STRUCTURE, CONDUCT AND PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA BANKING INDUSTRY
Authors: Yudaruddin Rizky
Published: February 2017

Kebijakan Arsitektur Perbankan Indonesia (API) sejak tahun 2004 telah berdampak pada meningkatnya konsentrasi bank. Peningkatan konsentrasi bank menimbulkan dua hipotesis yang berlawanan yaitu structure-conduct-performance (SCP) hypothesis dan efficiency hypothesis. Structure Performance Hypothesis di dasarkan pada pendekatan struktural. Pendekatan ini menilai bahwa tingkat profit yang diperoleh bank dipengaruhi oleh struktur pasar dan tingkat kompetisinya. Penurunan tingkat kompetisi dan peningkatan konsenterasi dalam suatu industri akan menyebabkan meningkatnya keuntungan yang diperoleh industri tersebut. Hal ini karena struktur pasar yang terkonsenterasi cenderung menimbulkan perilaku kolusif untuk tujuan memaksimumkan profit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan, apakah perbankan di Indonesia tahun 2009-2013 mendukung structure-conduct-performance hypothesis atau efficiency hypothesis? Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Menggunakan data laporan keuangan bank yang bersumber dari Bank Indonesia yang dianalisis dengan regresi data panel dengan bantuan program e-views 8 menemukan bahwa perbankan di Indonesia mendukung efficiency hypothesis. Namun efisiensi bank belum mampu mendorong tercipta praktek bunga rendah sehingga dapat menurunkan daya saing perekonomian Indonesia dalam menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) Tahun 2015.
SHOPPING LIFE STYLE MEMEDIASI HUBUNGAN HEDONIC DAN UTILITARIAN VALUE TERHADAP IMPULSE BUYING
Authors: Cahyono Krido Eko , Khuzaini Khuzaini , Widiarto Hermono
Published: February 2017

Shopping Life Style memediasi  hubungan Hedonic dan Utilitarian Value terhadap Impulse Buying  Krido Eko Cahyonokridoeko@gmail.comKhuzainiHermono WidiartoSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia (STIESIA) Surabaya  ABSTRACT Sidoarjo an area affected by national disasters such as mud, giving the image to the public that the disasters had a negative impact on the existence of a small industrial centers are located in Tanggulangin. The level of public purchases on product bags and suitcases showed a declining trend since the occurrence of the disaster. Aware of the result, efforts to provide stuimulus reappointed to the general public to shop in the Center Industrial Bags and Luggage in Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo. This study requires data and information from respondents are skin products consumers who shop at Sentra Leather Industry waas. The purpose of this research is to know Hedonic and Utilitarian direct effect on Impulse Buying, To know Hedonic indirect effect on Impulse Buying through a shopping lifestyle, To know Utilitarian indirect effect on Impulse Buying through lifestyle shopping. To test the effect of intervening variables used path analysis method (Path Analysis). Path analysis is an extension of the multiple linear regression analysis that serves to assess causal relationships between variables that have been previously defined. In this study, there are four variables that will be analyzed parameters are Hedonic, Utilitarian, Shopping Lifestyle Shopping on Impulse Buying with Lifestyle as an intervening variable.
PERTIMBANGAN AUDITOR DALAM MEMBERIKAN OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN
Authors: Solikhah Badingatus
Published: February 2017

Going concern audit opinion will cause a decline in public trust and may even accelerate the company went bankrupt, as in the hypothesis of a self-fulfilling prophecy. This study examines the financial and non-financial faktors that can be obtained comprehensive model that can be considered by the auditor in assessing business continuity auditee. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of financial distress, debt default, prior audit opinion, auditor’s reputation and auditor client tenure to the possibility of receiving going concern audit opinion. The population of this study is a manufacturing company listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2008-2010. The samples of 28 companies were selected based on criteria that the companies are scored negative net profit after tax. Secondary data obtained is processed by using Logistic Regression analysis. The results revealed that the debt default and prior audit opinion affect on going concern audit opinion. As stated in the PSA 30, that debt default be an important indicator before the auditor issued a going concern opinion. The financial distress, auditor reputation and auditor client tenure had no effect on the possibility of receiving going concern audit opinion.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PERUSAHAAN DAN SERTIFIKASI LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) di INDONESIA
Authors: Dianawati Wiwiek
Published: February 2017

Keterlibatan perusahaan dalam CSR bisa dikarenakan dua motivasi yang berbeda. Beberapa perusahaan percaya dengan melakukan CSR maka perusahaan akan memeroleh keunggulan kompetitif  yang membedakan  dengan pesaingnya sehingga  memungkinkan perusahaan mencapai hasil ekonomi yang lebih baik (Resource Based Theory). Perusahaan lain terlibat dalam CSR untuk memenuhi harapan stakeholders sehingga CSR dan pelaporannya merupakan alat legitimasi untuk menunjukkan kepatuhannya terhadap harapan tersebut. (Legitimacy Theory). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh pengalaman internasional, kedekatan konsumen  dan perolehan sertifikasi lingkungan  terhadap luas tidaknya pengungkapan CSR dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori Legitimacy. Dengan menggunakan target populasi  perusahaan manufaktur terbuka di BEI yang membuat laporan CSR pada tahun 2011 dan 2012, diperoleh sampel sebanyak 168 firm years.  Dengan menggunakan uji analisis regresi berganda diperoleh hasil  tidak ada pengaruh  signifikan antara variabel pengalaman internasional, kedekatan konsumen dan sertifikasi lingkungan terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan masukan  kepada pemerintah untuk mewajibkan perusahaan melakukan pengungkapan CSR dengan menyediakan pokok pokok yang harus diungkapkan. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) bisa digunakan sebagai panduan pengungkapan CSR karena sudah diakui secara universal.Kata kunci: Pengungkapan CSR, Pengalaman Internasional, Kedekatan Konsumen  dan  Sertifikasi Lingkungan
KE (TIDAK) PATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK: POTRET SELF ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Diamastuti Erlina
Published: February 2017

This study aims to interpretation the behavior of tax payers in carrying out his tax liability.x As we all know the tax system in Indonesia adheres to the self assessment system. In this system the government entrust all calculation, payment and reporting of tax payable on tax payers. As a result of various behaviors appear to express this practice of self assessment system The study used a non-positivistic with decriptive approche to observe phenomena that exist in the practice of taxation. The main source of data in this study are the words and actions derived from key informant as much as 5 of the 20 informants. The results of this study show that the first, self-assessment system led to the emergence of behavioral tax avoidance, tax evasion and tax arrearage. Second, self-assessment system requires an awareness not of necessity in creating a compliance and noncompliance WP led the government last act of hostage (Gijzeling)
MODEL KEMAMPUAN MANAJERIAL MUDHARIB SEBAGAI DASAR INVESTASI PADA REKSADANA SYARIAH
Authors: Triyonowati Triyonowati , Rokhmi Fuadati Siti , Widyawati Widyawati
Published: February 2017

Keterbatasan modal, waktu,dan pengetahuan investasi serta  kebutuhan investasi, mendorong masyarakat ingin melakukan investasi pada instrument keuangan yang aman. Beberapa cara dapat dilakukan investasi pada instrument keuangan( financial investment ). Sehubungan dengan itu, maka investasi pada reksadana syariah bisa menjadi pilihan investasi masyarakat.Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan model untuk menilai kinerja pada reksadana syariah agar calon investor dapat melakukan investasi dengan relatif mudah. Menggunakan stock selection yaitu kemampuan mudharib untuk memilih portofolio saham syariah dan market timing yaitu kemampuan mudharib melakukan/ mengeksekusi investasinya, sebagai variable untuk menentukan kinerja reksadana syariah yang dipilih.Temuan dari hasil penelitian ini bahwastock selectionpositif dan signifikan artinya dengan kemampuan memilih portofolio saham oleh mudharib menghasilkan kinerja reksadana syariah yang baik. Adapun untuk market timing atau kemampuan mengeksekusi/memasuki pasar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja mudharib sebagai pengelola reksadana saham.Implikasi praktis adalah memberi pengayaan model penilaian kinerja reksadanabagi investor melalui analisis kemampuan manajerial mudharib yang diproksikan dengan stock selection dan market timingsebagai petunjuk investasinya.
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA ANAK USIA DINI (TINGKAT PRA SEKOLAH/TK) DAN ALTERNATIF PEMECAHANNYA
Authors: Anwar Rahmad Bustanul
Published: February 2017

Pendidikan anak usia dini adalah suatu upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan kepada anak sejak lahir sampai dengan usia enam tahun yang dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan pendidikan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani agar anak memiliki kesiapan dalam memasuki pendidikan lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan menunjukkan bahwa subyek tidak mengalami kesulitan untuk menyelesaikan operasi perhitungan penjumlahan dalam bentuk gambar dan angka, sedangkan untuk pengurangan mengalami kesalahan perhitungan. Tetapi untuk penyelesaian soal penjumlahan dan pengurangan dalam bentuk soal cerita, subyek belum mampu menyelesaikannya. Hal tersebut dikarenakan subyek belum mampu memaknai isi dari soal yang diberikan. Untuk mengatasipermasalahan tersebut, alternatif yang diberikan pada saat penelitian adalah memberikan bimbingan untuk memaknai isi dari soal yang diberikan, setelah subyek dapat memaknai isi dari soal kemudian subyek diminta untuk menyelesaikan soal tersebut.Kata Kunci: Kesulitan Belajar Matematika, Anak Usia Dini.
IMPROVED STUDENT INTEREST AND UNDERSTANDING OF MATERIAL CONTENT SERVICES THROUGH CONTROL METHOD OF GAME IN DISTRICT Prembun SMP Negeri 1 Kebumen
Authors: Cahyati Khristiana Tri
Published: February 2017

Abstract: Interest is the motivating force that will encourage students to get excited and remember what she learned. The learning process is less qualified, inefficient and lacked the appeal, and even tend to be boring, causing low student interest. This study aims to determine the increase in interest and understanding students' mastery of content Counseling services through a game method in class VII A Prembun SMP Negeri 1 Kebumen district. This research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Techniques of data retrieval from the scale of interest, observation, evaluation, documentation and interviews. Data analysis with comparative descriptive technique. Indicators of success: 1) Active engagement in the learning process well, the range of 60-80%, 2) increase student interest, and 3) Obtaining a new understanding of at least 85%. The results showed the service mastery of content game method can be: 1) increasing student interest of 76.01 (pre-cycle) to 84.50 (first cycle) and 84.17 (second cycle), 2) improving the understanding of students to 93% (cycle I) and 93.5% ( cycle II).Keywords: interest, understanding, mastery of content services, methods of a game.
CYBER COUNSELING ASSISTED WITH FACEBOOK TO REDUCE ONLINE GAME ADDICTION
Authors: Prasetiawan Hardi , Prasetiawan Hardi
Published: February 2017

Cyber counseling is divided into various shapes, one form is the use of facebook. Guidance and counseling teacher in schools can implement the cyber counseling assited with facebook to reduce online game addiction the students who are more likely to prefer to communicate by text relationship, and students who do not feel comfortable with counseling services by face to face. Problems of children who are addicted Online Games at school require a relief to effort with Group Counseling assited with facebook services for addressing and alleviating the problems experienced, both personal and social through cyber counseling. The positive impact of service delivery cyber counseling assited with facebook is not out of the role from well counselors as providers to service with the active role of students while finding information on social media like Facebook, so socializing continually needs to be implemented furtherKeyword : Cyber Counseling, Facebook, Online Game Addiction
LOCUS OF CONTROL IN LATE ADOLESCENCE: CHARACTERISTICS AND ABILITY OF NEW STUDENTS TO OVERCOME DEPRESSION
Authors: Hidayat Ade , Sahrudin Asep
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to uncover and gain some factual data about locus of control (LOC) ability to overcome depression in late adolescence. This study was conducted through survey methods on new under-graduate students aged 18 to 21 years old from English Education program in Mathla’ul Anwar University of Banten at first semester of academic year 2015-2016. The result of study showed that majority of the students has internal LOC. The sudents who have external LOC tend to get more depressed than those who pose internal LOC. The numbers of women who get depressed are more than men. The finding also showed positive influence of reading book in gaining capacity of LOC. Depression can be avoided and prevented by spiritual and mental strengthening, such as being closer to God, spending quality time with parents, siblings and friends, doing some new hobbies and activities, getting involved in fun daily activities, and trying to identify sense of fear of being rejected or guilty feelings.
COUNSELING SERVICES BASED RESEARCH TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LEARNING THROUGH COUNSELING
Authors: Ardimen Ardimen
Published: February 2017

The purpose of writing this article is to describe the subject of study and reason as well as research-based counseling service management. Counseling services based on research carried out to improve the quality of learning through counseling. The discussion of this article are (1) the background of the counseling service based research, (2) understanding the tasks and activities of counseling teacher or counselor, (3) reason for the existence of counseling in education, (4) the differences and similarities counseling services with research PTK-BK, (5) the motivations and goals of research-based counseling services, and (6) management of research-based counseling services. Among the benefits of this article is to (1) raise awareness counseling teacher or counselor about the importance of developing a counseling service that is integrated with the research, (2) develop a research culture for counseling teacher/ counselor, (3) encourage educational institutions both school/ madrasah/ pesantren for developing research-based counseling services, (4) encourage universities that provide education academic and professional counseling to develop research activities and community service through mentoring research-based counseling services. Keywords: counseling services, research, quality of learning, PTK-BK.
Consequences of teenage pregnancy among Chepang women in Korak VDC in Chitwan
Authors: Adhikari Poudel I , Thulung B , Lopchan M
Published: February 2017

Teenage Pregnancy as “any pregnancy from a girl who is 10-19 years of age”, the age being defined as her age at the time the baby is born. The objective of the study to identify the consequences of teenage pregnancy among the Chepang women in Korak village development committee in Chitwan. This study design was descriptive, cross sectional and 148 respondents were selected randomly and interviewed by using semi-structured questionnaires. Data entry was done by using Epi data and analyzed by SPSS. The study finding revealed that, majority of the respondents 56.1% had got married before the age of 16 years, 58.1% gave first child birth the age of 17-19 years and 57.1% had 1-3 numbers of children. Similarly, 10.1% had preterm birth, 18.2% had history of miscarriage and 99.3% had delivered at home. There was significant relationship between the age of child birth with complications of teenage pregnancy which gave birth before term (p=0.020) and women having ≥4 children had the difficulty to control urine during coughing and sneezing (<0.001). the study concluded that there is a need of public awareness programme which can be done through orientation and training regarding reproductive health.
Epidural tramadol improves the quality of pain relief during labor
Authors: Shrestha I N , Deo G P , Shrestha S K , Neupane S , Regmi B S
Published: February 2017

To study the analgesic efficacy and side effects of Tramadol for painless labor in combination with Bupivacaine. Randomized, controlled, double blind, open prospective study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chitwan Medical College from July 1st 2015 to June 30th 2016. 100 patients of ASA Grade I and II, aged between 20-35 years willing for epidural analgesia for labor pain were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: Group A- Control group and Group B- Study group. Subjects of Group A received 10 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine and that of Group B received 10ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine with 1mg/kg body weight of tramadol. Analgesic efficacy was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and other vital parameters (Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate) before the administration of the drug and at different time intervals of 0, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min and every hourly up to maximum of 5 hrs. Neonatal out comes were assessed by the use of APGAR scores and the side effects of the drugs in two groups were also evaluated. Total number of patients was 100, of ASA Grade I and II, aged between 20-35 years. The mean age of patients in Group A was 23.54 ± 3.74 years and 24.22 ± 3.64 years in Group B. Mode of delivery was spontaneous vaginal in 42 patients (84%) in group A and 45 patients (90%) in group B. Instrumental vaginal delivery was done in 1 patient (2%) of group A and none of group B. Cesarean section was done in 7 patients (14%) of group A and 5 patients (10%) of group B. There was no significant difference in heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate at various time intervals. Pain score of Group B was significantly less at 60th min and had lower values than Group A at various time intervals. Time for first top up was significantly delayed and the total dose of bupivacaine was significantly lower in Group B patients but the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly high among Group B patients. At one minute majority of the babies of group A had mean APGAR score 6.98 ± 0.55 versus 7.18 ± 0.60 in group B. At 5 minute, Group A had mean score of 8.02 ± 0.47 versus 8.22 ± 0.58 in Group B. There were no significant differences in 2 groups. In both the groups there was no significant effect on duration of second stage of labor and it wasn’t prolonged in any of the patients. Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine and tramadol provided better pain relief and reduced the total dose of bupivacaine in majority of the patients with no adverse effects on mother and fetus. As tramadol is cheap, safe and effective, it can be considered as a better option to improve quality of pain relief during labor.
Contributing factors to relapse of drug addiction among clients attending rehabilitation centres of Dharan, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota S , Khadka A , Akela G
Published: February 2017

Relapse is the resumption of substance after a period of abstinence. It is frustrating but frequent part of recovery process. Several substance including opiates, cocaine and alcohol have particularly has high relapse rate with majority of client re­lapsing within 1 year following treatment. The first 90 days after treatment are very vulnerable time. Hence, the objective of the study is to assess the contributing factors to relapse of drug addiction since the aftercare services, the psycho-social aspect of the treatment has been ignored and high relapse is prevalent among the treated clients. A descriptive cross-sec­tional study was carried out among clients attending three rehabilitation centres of Dharan using lottery method of simple random sampling among 72 respondents using structured questionnaires from 20th September to 4th October, 2015. Findings of the study showed that majority (63.9%) of the respondents had started taking drugs again due to lack of self confidence. In addition to this another contributing factor to relapse was peer pressure (50%) followed by inability to give old habits (44.4%), easy accessibility of drugs (30.6%). The finding also indicated that there was significant relationship (p value = 0.054) between peer pressure and employment status. Lack of self-confidence, peer pressure, easy accessibility of drugs, lack of acceptance in society and family, adjustment problems had increased the chance of relapse after treatment. So, the treatment centres of Dharan should develop program that incorporate the overall development and treatment of client to prevent from relapse of drug addiction.
Epidural butorphanol for post operative analgesia in lower limb surgeries: A comparative study with epidural tramadol
Authors: Deo G P , Shrestha S K , Shrestha I N
Published: February 2017

To compare the efficacy of epidural butorphanol and tramadol for post operative analgesia in lower limb surgeries. Randomized, controlled, double blind, prospective study conducted at Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Chitwan Medical College from September 1st 2015 to August 31st 2016. 60 patients of ASA Grade I and II of either sex, aged between 18-65 years willing for epidural analgesia for post operative analgesia were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: Group B- Butorphanol group and Group T- Tramadol group. Subjects of Group B received 2mg of Butorphanol and 0.25% Bupivacaine making a total volume of 10 ml and that of Group T received 100mg of Tramadol and 0.25% Bupivacaine also making a total volume of 10 ml. Analgesic efficacy was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The onset and duration of analgesia along with side effects were also assessed. The quality of analgesia was studied using time to independent mobilization and overall patient satisfaction. Total number of patients was 60, of ASA Grade I and II, aged between 18-65 years. The mean age of patients in Group B was 42.6±11.7 years and 46.1±11.2 years in Group T. Time of onset of analgesia after epidural injection was 7.4±0.9 minutes in Group B and 12.7±1.5 minutes in Group T and the difference was found to be statistically significant. Duration of analgesia was 317.1±99.1 minutes and 438.8±136.6 minutes in Butorphanol and Tramadol groups respectively which was also statistically significant. Sedation was significantly higher in butorphanol group whereas nausea and vomiting was higher in tramadol group. Quality of analgesia in terms of patient satisfaction was better with epidural butorphanol. Both epidural tramadol and butorphanol were effective in relieving post operative pain however butorphanol had lesser side effects and greater patient satisfaction compared to tramadol but the duration of action was relatively short.
Psychosocial problems among the school children of working and non- working mothers
Authors: Koirala P , Subba R , Lopchan M
Published: February 2017

Adolescence is the period in human development during which several dramatic changes at biological, social, psychological and cognitive levels take place. The objective of this study was to find out psychosocial problems among school children of working and non-working mothers. A descriptive comparative research design and Probability Stratified Random sampling technique was applied in which 120 (60 working and 60 non working mothers’) school students of grade 9 and 10 selected from two Government Higher Secondary Schools of Bharatpur. Structured questionnaire and Youth Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 (YPSC-17) were administered. Data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 20 and Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test and chi-square test were applied. This study showed that school children of non working mothers’ (11.7%) had slightly more psychosocial problems than working mothers’ (8.3%). Male respondents of non working mothers experienced more psychosocial problems (29.4 %) than female (4.7%). Prevalence of psychosocial problems was found among school children of both working and non working mothers but there is no association between the psychosocial problems and employment status of mothers. Thus maternal employment status is not the exclusive reason behind the development of psychosocial problems among school children.
Threat of scrub typhus in post-earthquake Nepal
Authors: Thapa S , Sapkota L B , Hamal P
Published: February 2017

Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal zoonotic infection, reported from many parts of Asia including Nepal. There is in­creasing reports of outbreak of Scrub typhus, after the earthquake hit Nepal on April 25, 2015. The recent outbreak of Scrub typhus posed problems in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. It may be related to poor awareness of the disease or lack of suspicion for Scrub typhus which often presents with clinical features indistinguishable from typhoid fever. Since, various parts of Nepal appeared to be suitable hubs for Scrub typhus, the clinical suspicion of Scrub typhus in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin (FUO) is of utmost importance to prevent mortality and morbidity. This is a prospective study conducted in Chitwan Medical College (CMC), Chitwan, Nepal. This study was carried out over a period of 4 months extending from June 2016 to September 2016. A total of 410 serum samples were collected from all patients visiting CMC, clinically suspected of having Scrub typhus infec­tion. The samples were processed for the detection of IgM antibodies for Scrub typhus by ELISA. Results: A total of 410 samples from patients suspected with Scrub typhus infection were processed which included 200 males and 210 females. Out of total 410 samples tested, 181 (44.1%) were seropositive for Scrub typhus. Seropositivity was highest 25.9% among the age group 11-20 years of age. Females were infected more than males. This study implies the re-emergence of Scrub typhus in different regions of Nepal. Although the disease is endemic in our country, it is grossly underdiagnosed owing to non-specific clinical presentation and lack of diagnostic facilities. It is thus suggested that high index of suspicion should be maintained for cases presenting with febrile illness. Infection with Scrub typhus was found high and this calls for an urgent need to introduce vaccine against Scrub typhus.
Prevalence of injury and its associated factors in a rural area of eastern Nepal
Authors: Khanal V K , Upreti R , Oli U , Sunny A K , Ghimire A , Jha N
Published: February 2017

Injury is a serious public health threat as it is one of the leading cause of death globally. This study aims to assess the prevalence of injury, pattern of injury and its associated factors among people residing in a rural area of Aurabani VDC of Eastern Nepal. A population based cross sectional study was carried out among 552 people residing in selected wards with door to door visit. The prevalence of minor injury was 3.1% and major was 0.4% per year in the study.Most common mode of injury was fall and most common type was incised wound. Injuries mostly occurred in extremities, in morning time, autumn season and in roads while most of the injuries were accidental in nature.
Study of psychiatric morbidity of patients attending free mental health check up camps in far western rural Nepal
Authors: Sedain C P
Published: February 2017

The hilly area of far western development region is the most remote area of Nepal. This is the region of less health facility. The aim of the study was to find out psychiatric morbidity of patients attending free check up clinic of far western development region Nepal. A prospective cross-sectional study comprised of all consecutive patients attending free check up psychiatric clinic of far western development region Nepal. All the patients attending the free clinics for four days were taken as case. The study was performed in the month of June, 2013. Demographic data and disease profile of 287 patients attending the clinic were analyzed. The ratios and proportions were used for statistical analysis. Most of Patients attended of far western development region free mental health clinic were farmer of age group 20-29 years. The commonest incidence of psychiatric illness was depressive disorder and (tension/migraine) headache.
Computed tomogram guided fine needle aspiration for lung masses: Radiologic-cytologic correlation
Authors: Pradhan A , Gurung G , Thapa N B , Rijal K , Karki D B
Published: February 2017

The primary objective was to compare the results of computed tomography (CT) finding with that of cytology. The secondary objective was to evaluate the safety of CT guided transthoracic Fine Needle Aspiration Cytolofy (FNAC) of lung lesions of various sizes and locations. From December 2014 to June 2016, under CT guidance, FNAC of lung lesion was performed on 64 cases attending KIST medical college and Kathmandu imaging diagnostic center. FNAC was performed by using spinal anesthesia needle (22G/23G). Procedures were carried out under CT guidance. Smears were prepared by materials obtained and were fixed in 95% alcohol. Dry as well as wet slides were prepared. The prepared slides were then examined under light microscope by consultant pathologist. Sixty four patients were enrolled in present study. The age of patients ranges from 24 to 87 year with mean age of 55.5 and male to female ratio of 2:1. Radiologically, out of 64 cases, 49 cases were reported as malignant and 15 cases were reported as benign lesion. However, Cytologically, 39 cases were malignant, 22 cases were benign and 3 cases were suspicious for malignancy (no definite diagnosis established). The CT scan showed Sensitivity of 97.4% to identify the malignant mass as compared to cytology findings. the Specificity, Positive and negative predictive value were calculated as 63.6%, 82.6 and 93.3% respectively. CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is reliable procedure for evaluation of lung lesion. It is simple and safe procedure with high diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of Lung cancer. Compared to biopsy, CT guided FNAC shortens the diagnostic interval and helps in differentiating lung malignancy into different cytopathological types which aids in proper management of the malignant lesion.