bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De Pena Originalis Peccati
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Questio est de pena originalis peccati. Et primo queritur utrum sit conueniens pena peccati originalis carentia uisionis diuine. Et uidetur quod non. Quia ut dicitur in II Phisicorum, frustra est quod est ad finem quem non consequitur; set homo naturaliter ordinatur ad beatitudinem sicut ad ultimum finem, que quidem beatitudo in diuina uisione consistit; ergo frustra est homo si non perueniat ad uisionem diuinam. Set Deus propter peccatum originale non destitit causare hominum generationem, ut Damascenus dicit. Cum igitur in operibus Dei nichil sit frustra, uidetur quod homo propter peccatum quod ex sua origine contrahit non incurrat reatum carentie uisionis diuine.
De Peccato Ueniali
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Questio est de ueniali peccato. Et primo queritur utrum ueniale peccatum conuenienter diuidatur contra mortale. Et uidetur quod non. Quia ut Augustinus dicit XXII Contra Faustum, “peccatum est dictum uel factum uel concupitum contra legem eternam”. Set omne peccatum quod est contra legem eternam est mortale. Ergo omne peccatum est mortale. Non ergo recte diuiditur peccatum in mortale et ueniale.
De Inani Gloria
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Questio est de inani gloria. Et primo queritur utrum inanis gloria sit peccatum. Et uidetur quod non. Consistit enim inanis gloria  eo quod aliquis uelit bona sua aliis apparere. Set hoc non est peccatum, set laudabile. Dicitur enim Mat. V “Sic luceat lux uestra coram hominibus ut uideant opera uestra bona”. Ergo inanis gloria non est peccatum.
De ira
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Questio est de ira. Et primo queritur utrum omnis ira sit mala uel aliqua ira sit bona. Et uidetur quod omnis ira sit mala. Ieronimus enim exponens illud Mat. V “Qui irascitur fratri suo” sic dicit “In quibusdam codicibus additur ‘sine causa’; ceterum in ueris diffinita sententia est et ira penitus tollitur: si enim iubemur orare pro persequentibus, omnis ire occasio tollitur. Radendum est ergo ‘sine causa’, quia ira uiri iustitiam Dei non operatur”. Ergo omnis ira est mala et prohibita.
The Southern Narratives
Authors: Hiebert Theodore
Published: November 2023

The Yahwist’s ancestral narrative concludes with the resettlement of the family of Jacob in the Egyptian delta, to which it had moved in response to a severe famine that struck broad areas of the ancient Near East (Gen 37-50). After a hiatus, in which the descendants of Jacob had become numerous and their cordial relations with Egyptian authorities had cooled (Exod 1:8-12), the narrative is resumed by J. Three significant events dominate the remainder of the Yahwist’s epic and bring it to a close: the escape from Egypt, the encounter with God at Mt. Sinai, and the journey through the southern desert toward the homeland of their ancestors in the Israelite hill country.
Saint Foucault
Authors: Halperin David M
Published: November 2023

In a Recent book devoted to the commendable task of promoting and defending what, in its title, are called Gay Ideas, the philosopher Richard Mohr singles out for extended criticism one idea in particular that, despite its sometime popularity among lesbian and gay historians and cultural theorists, evidently does not qualify, in his eyes, as properly “gay”: namely, the idea that sexuality is socially constructed. Mohr blames the queer vogue for this un-gay idea on the baneful influence of the late French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault—a gay man whose life and work have come to represent, especially since his death from AIDS in 1984, important sources of intellectual and political inspiration to many lesbians and gay men, as well as to numbers of variously identified cultural radicals.
Fantasies of Utopia in The Blithedale Romance
Authors: Berlant Lauren
Published: November 2023

From its publication, The Blithedale Romance has been read as a commentary on the project of utopian socialism as executed in George Ripley’s Brook Farm experiment. But Brook Farm/Blithedale is not the only site of utopian theory-and failure-in the novel. A fantasy of communion informs the love plots of Blithedale as fully as it does the story of collective life. The perfect knowledge that will accompany perfect social relations is also sought through the body; the “subject” constructed within collective identity is also defined sexually. Blithedale stages the relationship between collective and subjective desire not simply as a similitude-where love and community become simultaneous ends of utopian practice and projection - but also as a site of tension. Specifically, the novel plays what Jacques Ehrmann has called the tragic and the utopian directions of history against each other; the narrative poses the double articulation of individual and collective identity as a problem in history and for the narratives and persons that operate within its sphere.
Bio-Political Resistance in Domestic Ideology and Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Authors: Romero Lora
Published: November 2023

Throughout the decade before she wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852), Harriet Beecher Stowe suffered from hysterical episodes that left her bedridden for weeks at a time. These attacks were so severe that from May 1846 to March 1847 she left her husband and their three young children in Cincinnati for Dr. Wesselhoeft’s Hydropathic Institute, a fashionable water-cure establishment in Brattleboro, Vermont, recommended to her by her sister Catharine Beecher.1 The illness from which Stowe suffered in the 1840s may have, in part, dictated her choice of the subject matter for Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852). When read together, Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Stowe’s letters on her illness suggest that the novelist identified the white hysterical housewife with the black Southern slave, seeing both as victims of a patriarchal power that violates the integrity of the self.2 Because the discourse on hysteria addresses the issue of subjectivity at the same time that it expresses concern for the health of the body, Stowe’s figuration of the hysteric as the archetypal victim of patriarchal government in Uncle Tom’s Cabin encodes, as we shall see, a feminist-abolitionist critique within hygienist norms. Not only does Stowe’s medicalizing of feminist critique derive from her sister Catharine Beecher’s hygienist concept of bodily economy in her writings on housekeeping, but Beecher’s domestic ideology also provides a medical feminism to which Stowe added an abolitionist component when writing Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
The Black Arts Movement and Its Critics
Authors: Smith David Lionel
Published: November 2023

Professional critics of the 1980s and 1990s generally hold writing of the Black Arts Movement in low esteem. Though the literary output by black writers of the 1960s and early 1970s was substantial, there is a paucity of scholarly literature on this body of work. Various characteristics common to Black Arts writing make it unappealing to many literary scholars: it often confuses social theory with aesthetics, failing to articulate the complex relationship between the two; much of it is predicated upon crude, strident forms of nationalism that do not lend themselves to careful analysis; and too often the work is marred by the swaggering rhetoric of ethnic and gender chauvinism. The extremes of this writing are so egregious that we may come to equate all the work of the movement with its worst tendencies. By “paucity” I do not mean that the scholarly literature is weak or that there simply needs to be more of it. I mean, rather, that even the most rudimentary work in this area is yet to be done. We do not have a single book, critical or historical, scholarly or journalistic, devoted explicitly to the Black Arts Movement. Carolyn Fowler’s extensive bibliography on the movement is a valuable research tool, but it was published privately in an edition that is available only directly from the author. A fair amount has been written on Black Arts theater; many articles and several books have been written on the work of Amiri Baraka.
Emily Dickinson and Class
Authors: Erkkila Betsy
Published: November 2023

Nowhere is the controversy over the relative merits and limits and possible interdependence of class and gender as categories of historical and cultural analysis more evident than in recent work on Emily Dickinson.1 From Rebecca Patterson’s early emphasis on Dickinson’s erotic relationships with women in The Riddle of Emily Dickinson (1951), to Adrienne Rich’s important essay “Vesuvius at Home: The Power of Emily Dickinson” (1975), to more recent work by Sandra Gilbert, Joanne Feit Diehl, Barbara Mossberg, Vivian Pollak, and Wendy Martin, among others, feminist critics have overturned traditional representations of Dickinson as sentimental recluse, “Belle of Amherst,” unrequited lover, or sublimated neurotic. But through an almost exclusive focus on gender, psychosexuality, and patriarchy as the only oppression, feminist critics have also tended paradoxically to take Dickinson out of history, (re)privatizing her in the space of the home and the psyche, and subsuming the particularity and difference of Dickinson’s life and work into a repeat across time of the same familial romance: the story of the daughter’s revolt against a perpetually demonized and transhistorical patriarch and her desire to return to a preoedipal and prehistorical mother.2 In this essay, I would like to problematize the historical grounds of these polarizations by (re)situating Dickinson as fully and complexly as possible in relation to the social, political, and cultural struggles of her times. While it is certainly true to say that Dickinson was not an overtly political poet in the same sense that Whitman was, it is simply not true to say that she had no politics and no ideological investment in a particular order of power.
What’s Art Got to Do with It? The Status of the Subject of the Humanities in the Age of Cultural Studies
Authors: Bernstein Charles
Published: November 2023

The gradual shift from literary studies to cultural and multicultural studies is probably the most useful change to have occurred within the American academy in the past decade. The literary studies approach, to the humanities tended to make a clear-cut distinction between works of art and works of mass or popular culture. Works of art were the primary field of study for the critic, whose secondary role was to explicate or illuminate these art objects. Yet it is difficult to provide a rule for distinguishing great art from cultural artifact, and the ideological biases of much of the prevailing literary and art connoisseurship have served literary studies poorly. In contrast, the cultural studies approach seems both more reasonable and more malleable. We start not with art and its others but with a variety of signifying practices. The field of possible attention is vast and might just as well include film comedies of the thirties as Dickens’s novels, Kewpie dolls as much as Picassos, although, for practical purposes, the focus of any given study will be narrowed. The shift to poststructuralist cultural studies has been precipitated by an intriguing variety of frames of interpretation theoretical, historical, psychological, and sociological-and within each of these frames there are a number of distinct, and competing, methodologies. The present crisis of cultural studies results from the seeming autonomy of the frames of interpretation from what they are to interpret; we have less objects of study than what Stanley Fish calls “interpretive communities.”
Race and Desire Dark Princess, A Romance, by William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
Authors: Tate Claudia
Published: November 2023

Mother was dark shining bronze, with smooth skin and lovely eyes; there was a tiny ripple in her black hair, and she had a heavy, kind face. She gave one the impression of infinite patience, but a curious determination was concealed in her softness. The tale is done and night is come. Now may all the sprites who, with curled wing and starry eyes, have clustered around my hands and helped me weave this story, lift with deft delicacy from out the crevice where it lines my heavy flesh of fact, that rich and colored gossamer of dreams which the Queen of Faerie lent to me for a season. Pleat it to a shining bundle and return it, sweet elves, beneath the moon, to her Mauve Majesty with my low and fond obeisance.
Obscenity and Nonreproductive Sexuality: Ulysses and the Little Review Trial
Authors: Parkes Adam
Published: November 2023

When Margaret Anderson and Jane Heap agreed with Ezra Pound that the Little Reviewshould undertake the serial publication of Ulysses,they fully expected their decision to result in the suppression of their magazine. They also believed Ulysseswas worth it; as Pound said, Ulysseswas “obscure, even obscene, as life itself is obscene in places, but an impassioned meditation on life.”1 For Anderson, Ulyssesembodied “direct opposition to the prevalent art values in America,” which she saw as the primary function of the Little Review,and at first she was committed to publishing Joyce’s work uncut.2 Despite subsequent editorial interference, first by Pound and later by Anderson herself, Ulyssessucceeded in landing the two women editors in a New York courtroom. In September 1920 a lawyer complained to the district attorney that his daughter had received an unsolicited copy of the July-August issue of the Little Review,containing the concluding part of “Nausicaa,” the thirteenth episode of Ulysses,in which Gerty MacDowell exhibits herself before the masturbating hero, Leopold Bloom. The district attorney called in John S. Sumner, secretary of the New York Society for the Prevention of Vice, and after a preliminary hearing in October 1920 the trial was set for February 1921. Despite hearing testimony that Ulysseswould not corrupt the mind of a young girl, the three judges found Anderson and Heap guilty of publishing “indecent matter,” and fined them $50 each.
“SUPPRESSED RANDINESS”: Orlando and The Well of Loneliness
Authors: Parkes Adam
Published: November 2023

On 16 November 1928, almost exactly thirteen years after Judge Dickinson banned The Rainbow,Bow Street Magistrates Court again became the scene for the suppression of allegedly obscene literature when Sir Chartres Biron ordered the destruction of Radcliffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness,a polemical novel pleading for social tolerance for lesbianism.1 In Hall’s words, “the book is a cry for better understanding, for a wider and more merciful toleration, for acceptance of these people as God has made them.”On the face of it, Hall’s novel presented a very different case from either The Rainbowor Lady Chatterley’s Lover,both of which ostensibly condemn lesbianism. Moreover, The Well of Lonelinesseschews the explicit descriptions of sexual encounters that, in Lawrence’s case, attracted the eye of the censor; The Wellis notable for its decorous restraint in such matters. One might be tempted to think that Hall got into trouble simply for raising the issue of lesbianism, since female sexual inversion (as we have seen) was not legally recognized in early-twentiety century Britain. Queen Victoria reputedly refused to believe it existed, and a 1921 proposal to extend the homosexuality law to women ran aground in the House of Commons for similar reasons; Samuel Hynes speculates that male members of Parliament found lesbianism “too gross to deal with.”Yet at least two other novels published in the autumn of 1928, Compton Mackenzie’s Extraordinary Womenand, more importantly, Virginia Woolf’s Orlando,clearly broached the same subject while escaping official censure. In Hall’s case, the aggravating factor seems to have been not the subject but the treatment. Whereas Woolf’s fictional biography, like Mackenzie’s satire, sets out to make readers laugh, The Well of Lonelinesspleads the cause of sexual inversion by taking up an aggressively polemical stance. Paradoxically, this stance has more in common with Lawrence’s than with Woolf’s.
Social Control and Noncriminal Status Offenders Triage and Privatization
Authors: Feld Barry C
Published: November 2023

Chapters 1 and 2 analyzed the emergence of the newer conception of childhood that accompanied modernization during the nineteenth century and the embodiment of that conception in the juvenile court’s status jurisdiction. Progressive reformers legislatively enacted their imagery of childhood as a period of vulnerability and dependency. They regarded certain protoadult activities as inconsistent with their idea of children and inimical to their long-term development. They viewed adolescence as a period of preparation for adulthood and during which to defer adult roles. Families and schools bore primary responsibility to socialize, supervise, and control young people. Progressives envisioned young people as nested in these primary agencies, enforced children’s dependency within these entities, and viewed children’s autonomy from them as threatening to young people and the community. If a young person “escaped” from this overlapping network of supervision, then she was literally “out of control.” Juvenile court provided an organizational mechanism to regulate children, to reinforce the authority of the other institutions that controlled children, and to oversee the adequacy of their families’ supervision. The Progressives conceived of the juvenile court as a benign substitute for parental inadequacy, as parens patriae, and included status offenses in its definition of delinquency so that public authorities could respond to vulnerable children at risk and their deficient families (Teitelbaum and Harris 1977).
The Church in Exile: Vital Signs Outside the Mainstream
Authors: Sanders Cheryl J
Published: November 2023

The Sanctified church tradition is an African American Christian reform movement that seeks to bring its standards of worship, personal morality, and sociocultural concern into conformity with principles of holiness and spiritual empowerment. All groups within this rubric adhere to the doctrine and practice of sanctification in some form and historically have embraced an ascetic ethic forbidding alcohol, tobacco, other addictive substances, gambling, secular dancing, and immodest apparel. The Sanctified churches are congregations of saints, an ethical designation members apply to themselves as an indication of their collective response to the call to holiness. The saints follow the holiness mandate in worship, in personal morality, and in society, based upon a dialectical, exilic identity of being “in the world, but not of it.” These saints are fully aware of their marginalized status, based upon racial and religious differences, within the dominant culture; thus, exile has been offered as an appropriate paradigm for interpreting their experience.

Throughout this study, the self-understanding of the adherents of the Sanctified church movement has been emphasized and expressed in terms of a complex of “both-and” dialectics corresponding to various aspects of the exilic ethos. The first and most compelling of these dialectics is the situation of being “in the world, but not of it,” as described in the introduction with reference to the historical marginalization of the Sanctified church movement in light of its African antecedents and its reformulations of slave religion.
“In Me Two Worlds At War” Poetry and Politics
Authors: Gelpi Albert
Published: November 2023

After the Thirties, when the “MacSpaunday” poets had gone their separate ways, Day Lewis was as eager as Auden and the others to play down the notion that they had come together in a concerted and self-conscious movement: “Though Auden, Spender, MacNeice and I have all known each other personally since the mid-Thirties, each of us had not even met all three others till after the publication of New Signatures in 1932, while it was only in 1947 that Auden, Spender and I found ourselves together for the first time in one room” (The Buried Day, 216-17).
Musculus and the Humanists on the Miracle at Sea
Authors: Farmer Craig S
Published: November 2023

I have already noted characteristics of Musculus’s training and scholar ship that would lead us to suspect a strong humanist influence in his work as a commentator. His education at the Latin school of Selestat, his training in Hebrew under Capito and in Greek under Betuleius, and his work as a translator of the classics all point to a man eager to drink at the fountains of humanist learning. Even a casual glance through the pages of his John commentary would seem to confirm this sus picion: quotations of Greek text and of classical authors, pagan and Christian, are sprinkled liberally throughout the work.
Musculus and the Reformed Commentators on the Raising of Lazarus
Authors: Farmer Craig S
Published: November 2023

We now examine Musculus’s exegesis in the context of commentaries authored by theologians who shared an allegiance to the reform movements in southern Germany and Switzerland, centered in the cities of Zurich, Basel, Geneva, and Strasbourg. This southern wing of the Protestant Reformation, represented in its early stages by the central figures of Zwingli, Calvin, and Bucer, spawned a theological tradition that may be distinguished from the Wittenberg-oriented wing of the Reformation and later became known as the Reformed tradition.
Meditation
Authors: Carmody Denise Lardner , Carmody John Tully
Published: November 2023

Gautama became a monk, or the prototype for Buddhist monks and nuns, by trying to solve a spiritual problem. Certainly, both the way that he configured the problem and the way that he moved to solve it depended on his local, contemporary culture. He did not create the concepts of karma, samsara, or desire. Long before his day, Indian saints and sages had practiced meditation. It seems fair to say, however, that Gautama brought a certain ruthlessness to bear on both the analysis of the problem of human suffering and the practice of the solution that his analysis suggested.
Randall Jarrell’s Semifeminine Mind
Authors: Langenbach James
Published: November 2023

As a boy, Randall Jarrell posed for the statue of Ganymede, loved by Zeus, adorning the replica of the Parthenon in Nashville’s Centennial Park. Jarrell’s adult friends were bemused by this anecdote, for it seemed almost too appropriate to their idea of Jarrell’s sensibility: over and over again their memoirs return, more or less uncomfortably, to Jarrell’s lack of manly virtues. Berryman remembered that Jarrell once had a hangover brought on by a poisoned canape: “He’s the only poet that I’ve ever known in the universe who simply did not drink.” Robert Watson (Jarrell’s colleague at Greensboro) remembered that neither did Jarrell smoke, use profanity, or enjoy jokes about sex. To Robert Lowell, consequently, Jarrell never quite seemed one of the boys: “one felt, beside him, too corrupt and companionable.
Richard Wilbur’s Small World
Authors: Langenbach James
Published: November 2023

Poem after poem is gracefully and competently done, there is good taste and intelligence throughout, there is variety of theme and an interesting, largely mythological, field of allusion But on the whole the poet’s many evident talents only add to one’s sense of frustration at the tameness and not-quiteness of his poetry; if this be the new decorum, I suggest we scoot back to modernism.1
John Ashbery’s Individual Talent
Authors: Langenbach James
Published: November 2023

After the accidental death of Frank O’Hara in 1966, John Ashbery wrote several commemorative essays about his friend. Ashbery was at the time the author of three relatively unknown books of poetry; he had recently returned to New York after a decade of living in Paris—a city Ashbery praised (in contrast to any American city) for providing a “neutral climate in which one can work pretty much as one chooses.”1 Although his poetry had been included in Donald Allen’s partisan anthology, The New American Poetry, Ashbery’s allegiances in the wartorn world of American poetry were not clear. O’Hara’s early death occurred at a precarious moment in Ashbery’s own life, and the loss inevitably became an occasion as much for self-examination as for commemoration.
Corpselessness
Authors: Booth Allyson
Published: November 2023

The extremely restricted space within which trench warfare was fought simultaneously ensured that Great War soldiers would live with the corpses of their friends and that British civilians would not see dead soldiers. Soldiers buried their dead and then encountered them again (“Shells disinter the bodies, then reinter them ...” [Vansittart 95]), but British policy dictated that the civilian bereaved would never have anything to bury. Soldiers inhabited a world of corpses; British civilians experienced the death of their soldiers as corpselessness. In England, then, World War I created two markedly different categories of experience, a discrepancy that complicated the gap that always separates language from experience. While verbal descriptions of war can never wholly convey the physical experience of war, the discontinuity between the experience of soldiers and of civilians-between death experienced as corpses and death experienced as corpselessness-meant that civilians were in a position to speak about death and to speak about soldiers without ever seeing dead soldiers. Samuel Hynes has pointed out that the First World War marked a technological turning point in what it meant to be a civilian during war: “[F]or the first time in history non-combatants at home could seethe war. The invention of the half-tone block had made it possible to print photographs in newspapers, and so to bring realistic-looking images into every house in England” (120).
Physical Borders
Authors: Booth Allyson
Published: November 2023

I have previously argued that both official British discourse and British popular sentiment articulated Germany’s invasion of Belgium and its air raids on England as a violation of the proper spatial organization of war: civilians, according to this English view, were supposed to occupy safe havens, soldiers were supposed to occupy war zones, and the two kinds of space were not supposed to intersect. Thus Germany’s invasion of a neutral country and its shelling of British civilian targets were both condemned as transgressions of this spatial organization, but it was the “rape of Belgium” (both figurative and literal) that became for England the most powerful symbol of German transgression. In this chapter, I examine ways in which charges of rape, along with the British attempt to substantiate those charges, raised the issue of factuality in a way similar to the way in which the same issue reverberates through modernism. The “rape of Belgium” provides a historical context in which the modernist mistrust of factuality may be more clearly understood. Elaine Scarry has analyzed the disputes that lead to war in a way that reveals their imaginative underpinnings: In the dispute that leads to war, a belief on each side that has “cultural reality” for that side’s population is exposed as a “cultural fiction”: that is, by being continually called into question, it begins to become recognizable to its own population as an “invented structure” rather than existing as it did in peacetime as one that (though on reflection invented) could be unselfconsciously entered into as though it were a naturally occurring “given” of the world. . . . Whatever the particular descriptions that have collided, what has always collided is each population’s
War Calendar
Authors: Booth Allyson
Published: November 2023

If a reliance on maps displayed Great War loyalty to linear organizations of space, the notion of progress epitomized nineteenth-century loyalty to linear conceptions of time-time that moves steadily forward and morally upward. “In the world view of the nineteenth-century middle class, progress ... constituted the essence of history” (Eksteins 176); the idea of progress was “one of the most potent that the nineteenth century was to produce” (Keegan 59). “The keys words of the times were ‘thought,’ ‘work,’ and ‘progress’ . . . and both clear thinking and hard work were deemed essential to continued national progress” (Briggs 1).The idea of progress plotted experience onto a calendar where time was an arrow and narratives were reliably chronological.John Keegan has described how nineteenth-century historians conceptualized war in a way that allowed it to be consistent with this ideal of progress. In his chapter “The History of Military History,’’ Keegan describes how, for generations, war represented a threat to the notion of historical progress because it was thought to deviate from Christian formulations of justice. “Western historians ... had always ... tended to depict war as a calamity, a scourge, or a foolishness, unless it could be represented as a crusade . . . or be used to exemplify the life and exploits of great men” (59).
Glass Objects
Authors: Booth Allyson
Published: November 2023

Throughout this book, I have argued that the content of war sometimes prevents us from recognizing profound overlaps between civilian and combatant modernism. In this final chapter, I link literary modernism and expressionist architecture not by arguing that civilians’ attention to glass corresponds to soldiers’ attention to glass but rather by arguing that the material of glass provides an opportunity for civilian modernists to meditate on the single most important way in which their experience differs from combatants. The difference is at once humbling and invigorating for civilians, because it consists, on the one hand, in the obvious but crucial acknowledgment that the physical experience of war must always remain inaccessible to civilians and, on the other hand, in the obvious but crucial imperative that it is imaginative experience that must be altered if war is going to be avoided in the future-for only in imaginative, representational form can modernism teach the lessons of war without perpetuating it.I argue in this chapter that modernist self-consciousness about the nature of representation frequently prompts civilian modernist writers to prefer opaque to transparent language and to portray internal realities at least as vividly as external ones and that these preferences often emerge in connection with meditations on glass. I suggest that a similar selfconsciousness about the nature of representation informs expressionist architecture-a primarily postwar phenomenon frequently understood as springing directly from the war.
Examination of Motion
Authors: Garfield Jay L
Published: November 2023

The target of Nāgārjuna’s arguments in this chapter is any view of motion according to which motion is an entity, or a property with an existence independent of that of moving things, or according to which motion is part of the nature of moving things. These are versions of what it would be to think of motion as nonempty. It might be quite natural for a reificationist to reply to the arguments in Chapter I by proposing that such a view must be the case. For in Chapter l Nāgārjuna’ does presuppose, in developing the view that conventionally things do arise dependent upon conditions, that there is motion, or change. For if there were not, there would be no arising. And as we have seen, this would indeed be an absurd consequence for Nāgārjuna’. So, one might think, even if the links between conditions and their consequences are empty, the change represented by the arising of these consequences must be real.
Examination of Time
Authors: Garfield Jay L
Published: November 2023

Another response to the attack on the reality of action and its consequences might to be argue that, nonetheless, the time in which action and its consequences are realized must be real. Nāgārjuna’ in this chapter argues that time cannot be conceived of as an entity existing independently of temporal phenomena, but must itself be regarded as a set of relations among them. His arguments are closely akin to those of Zeno, Sextus, and McTaggart. If the present and the future Depend on the past, Then the present and the future Would have existed in the past. Nāgārjuna’method is to divide time into the past, the present, and the future and then to argue that none of these can be said to inherently exist.
Abstractness
Authors: Bailey Edward P
Published: November 2023

This chapter helps you conquer another villain of read­ ability: abstractness. Let’s begin by defining it. Abstract writing is so general that readers constantly have to guess what it means. If I stopped there, that sentence would be abstract-you’d have to guess what I mean. So let’s consider an example.
Punctuation
Authors: Bailey Edward P
Published: November 2023

Punctuation has intimidated brave men and women for years. Yet it’s not that hard-really. This chapter simplifies some rules and makes them easier to learn.
Bullets
Authors: Bailey Edward P
Published: November 2023

As you can tell, I consider the bullet a magical device, a wonderful way to help untangle ideas and show readers the organization within paragraphs.
Designing visual aids
Authors: Bailey Edward P
Published: November 2023

Bottom line

This chapter deals with the fine points of designing visual aids that look good and help you and your audience. I’ll concentrate on the overhead transparency, because it’s the most common visual aid and because the fundamentals for it apply to other visual aids, too. And, as you’ll see when you get to Chapter 24, the fundamentals here apply fully to designing computer presentations, too.
Handling questions and answers
Authors: Bailey Edward P
Published: November 2023

Sometimes there isn’t a formal question-and-answer session-members of the audience ask questions throughout. That’s especially good during small, informal sessions. The questions help break the invisible “glass wall” between speaker and audience. They can also help relax the speaker by turning the presentation into a conversation.
The Way She Does It
Authors: Watts Jill
Published: November 2023

A round 1909, Mae West finally got a chance to return to the professional stage. Her break came when William Hogan, smalltime vaudevillian and friend of the family, invited her to join his act. He needed a partner to play his girlfriend in a Huckleberry Finn routine. It was not a particularly original or creative act; for years, vaudeville bits based on rural, Twain-like characters had been common. With it, Mae found herself in a position similar to her experience in stock companies, playing a Becky Thatcher-type character a white male fantasy of white femininity. Not surprisingly, the act soon underwent revision, and Huckleberry Finn was discarded in exchange for a Bowery skit. Another popular format, Bowery skits centered on the antics of a Bowery boy and his “tough girl” counterpart. Now Mae’s character would become a poor but spunky, assertive, and optimistic street-smart urbanite. In other words, this was no Becky Thatcher.
The Subject of the Dream
Authors: Watts Jill
Published: November 2023

Tillie’s passing devastated her older daughter. Mae claimed she cried out for her own life to end; it took her father and another man to subdue her. Then she, the woman who was evolving into a linguistic legend, plunged into silence. For three days, as Tillie’s body lay at a local mortuary, Mae West was unable to speak. Diamond Lil’s Monday and Tuesday night performances were canceled. Finally, Wednesday, the West family, joined by Owney Madden, followed the funeral hearse to Cypress Hills Cemetery, where Tillie was laid to rest. She would have been proud of her daughter, for that night Mae returned to the theater and resumed Diamond Lil. Finishing this run of Diamond Lil was painful. Each night after her performance, Mae broke down and cried in her dressing room. She was inconsolable: “I turned my face to the wall. Nothing mattered.” Mae closed the Woodhaven house; she could not bear to see any of Tillie’s photographs or possessions. And rather than seeking solace in spiritualism, she retreated from the mystical. Journalist Bernard Sobel, who had joined her at an earlier seance, dropped by for a visit and noted her total indifference toward the occult. Mae concluded that the afterlife was a lie; she maintained no hope of ever seeing her beloved mother again.
A Glitterin9 Facsimile
Authors: Watts Jill
Published: November 2023

Even though the Cold War had dethroned Catherine Was Great, it was not long before Mae West was drawn back to the stage. In January 1946, Jim Timony negotiated for the Shuberts to back West’s newest play, a spy story called Come On Up. It was a simple, lowbudget piece, confined to a single set. The action took place over a span of a few hours and required no costume changes for supporting characters, although West’s wardrobe would, of course, be extravagant. For the cast, she looked to unknown actors and actresses, paying them, on average, eighty dollars a week. It was not a huge salary, but working with Mae West was a great opportunity for a young player trying to break into the big time.
I Had Them All
Authors: Watts Jill
Published: November 2023

West’s initial experiences with television left her dissatisfied. “I’m not too crazy about the TV scene because it places too many restrictions on my type of material,” she wrote. “I don’t like being censored, I don’t think I deserve it.” She had invitations to return to motion pictures, but her insistence on complete control shut down those possibilities. After being idle for almost a year, in the spring of 1961, West prepared for another comeback in the theater. While she was no longer a motion picture star, she could still play one onstage. She dug out Sextette and reworked it for a national summer tour.
The New Jurisprudence
Authors: Vasoli Robert H
Published: November 2023

America’s annulment output does not spring solely from the “spirit of Vatican II,” the “new pastoralism,” suppositions about the essence of marriage, and its return to covenant status. Additional justification derives from the body of appellate court decisions referred to as Rotal jurisprudence. The term juris prudence has more than one meaning. It may refer to the science (or art) or philosophy of law, the study of the structure and principles of legal systems, or the study of the development of judicial decisions and rationales undergirding them.
Promoting the Blueprint
Authors: Vasoli Robert H
Published: November 2023

Thus far our primary emphasis has been on the conceptual basis for America’s rise to the pinnacle of the annulment heap. The American experience shows, in thoroughly convincing fashion, the truth of the hoary cliché that ideas have consequences. The ruminations of revisionist theologians and canonists, augmented by what passes for behavioral science, led to alleged changes in the essence of marriage, in the role of Rotal jurisprudence, and to broader psychologization of the annulment process. The new vision of Christian marriage provided a conceptual blueprint for reorienting the American tribunal system, a grand scheme for softening if not melting its traditional hard line on nullity.
Creolization, Double Voicing, Double Vision
Authors: Gundaker Grey
Published: November 2023

The writer Henry Dumas imagined an exegetical devil pronouncing on the “wisdom of the Book.” Presumably, this Book numbers among texts that, according to anthropologist Jack Goody, place an unchanging record of the word of God and fixed rules for living at the center of religions like Christianity and Islam. Goody argues that this textual basis distinguishes “religions of conversion” from nonliterate or preliterate religions that acquire followers by birth and location (1968, 1977, 1987). Yet, as Dumas’s Devil implies, one can’t rely on the Book for fixity and closure. The search for the wisdom of the Book can consume a lifetime; indeed, its promise of worth while ness amounts to a devilish temptation because the rules in the text and the situations in life do not mesh.
Diaspora of Signs
Authors: Gundaker Grey
Published: November 2023

The illustrations in the chapter come mainly from my fieldwork, often from sites that I visited and photo graphed before I realized what I was seeing. Later I returned to test my conclusions. But testing conclusions about the meaning of particular signs is not a straightforward business. Often African Americans themselves do not notice or translate the signs, even when neighbors they know well use them. And the signs themselves are deeply implicated in ambiguity and indirection. Those who use the signs consider interpretation self-evident. Persons whose business it is to read the signs already know them; for those who don’t already know, it is rude, even dangerous, to ask too many questions because drawing attention haphazardly to certain signs may bring negative aspects of powers they represent down on oneself.
A Wife To Be Lett: A Comedy (1724)
Authors: Haywood Eliza
Published: November 2023

COURTLY. I little thought when I went out to take the Air this Morning, to be so agreeably surpriz’d with the sight of my old Companion, and Friend-but I hope no Misfortune of yours has occasion’d me this Happiness, which I confess would be much more compleat, but for that Doubt.
The City Jilt; or,The Alderman Turn’d Beau: A Secret History (1726)
Authors: Haywood Eliza
Published: November 2023

Glicera was the Daughter of an eminent Tradesman; the Reputation of whose Riches drew a greater Number of Admirers to his House, than the Beauty of his fair Daughter’s Person; tho’ she was really one of the most lovely and accomplished Women of the Age. The most favour’d of all who made Pretensions to her, was young Mel/adore, the Son of a near Neighbour; he was handsome, witty, well made, and seem’d to have an infinity of Affection for her. With all these Endowments therefore, join’d to an Equality of Birth and Fortune, ‘tis not to be wondered at that he was well received by the Father of Glicera, as well as by herself.
Awareness
Authors: Carter John Ross , Palihawadana Mahinda
Published: November 2023

“Awareness” illumines a massive meaning, spans a massive content; for the entire Word of the Buddha included in the three piJakas taken up and given articulation, boils down to the word “awareness” only. Therefore has it been said: “It is,0 Monks, like the case of the many kinds of footstep of moving creatures-all of them gain inclusion in the elephant’s footstep: by its massiveness, the elephant’s step occupies the foremost place among them. In the same way, 0 Monks, whatever wholesome mental states (dhammas)’ there are, they are all awareness-based, 2 they all converge in awareness: awareness occupies the foremost place among those mental states.”
The Sagacious
Authors: Carter John Ross , Palihawadana Mahinda
Published: November 2023

Like a person who, having compassion on a poor man, takes him to a place of [such] deposited treasure and says, stretching his hand [toward it]: “Come, I will show you a means of living in ease. Take this and live in comfort.”
The World
Authors: Carter John Ross , Palihawadana Mahinda
Published: November 2023

Here the “lowly quality” means the five strands of sensuality:’ it is the lowly quality that is liable to be resorted to by C) [beings unrefined such as] even camels and bullocks. It is called lowly because it causes one to be born in lowly stations [of existence] such as the states of woe. Let one not resort to it.
The Names Of God : The Problem: A Preliminary Review
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan
Published: November 2023

The problem of the names of God in the Hebrew Scriptures is so complex that movements toward the solution may be impeded, distorted, or even blocked by its formulation in the singular. It would seem advisable then to begin this review of the problem by breaking it down into the separate and sometimes separable constituents of which the problem is compounded.
Eden And Eden’s Aftermath
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan
Published: November 2023

The characterization of the story that begins with Genesis 2:4b as a second creation narrative is almost never challenged, questioned, or even examined in modern scholarship; not even by scholars who, disenchanted with the Documentary Hypothesis(/es), do not keep company with those who ascribe authorship of the first narrative to P and the second to J. That this second narrative involves creational themes is undeniable; whether that warrants the genre-label “creation story” is not.
From Noah To Abram
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan
Published: November 2023

Two stories complete the narratives of chapters 1- I 1, which in modern scholarship is often labeled the Primeval History. Chapter 12, beginning the story of the patriarch Abram, first ancestor of the people of Israel, begins the History of Israel; and the setting for this history is thus provided by the Primeval History. This setting consists then of the genealogies, which we treat under chapter 7, “Structures;’ and five narratives. The first three (Creation, Eden, Flood) have each required a separate chapter. The last two are treated in this one. The first, 9:18-27, features Noah, three sons, and one grandson in a story somehow portentous for later his tory, but strangely murky as to plot and character motivation, and ambiguous as to the very identities of the personae.
Introduction Double Identity
Authors: Regan Milton C
Published: November 2023

Modern American attitudes toward marriage reflect two competing commitments: that spouses are separate individuals with their own distinct interests, and that they are members of a community who have special obligations to promote its welfare. I describe these perspectives as the external and internal stances toward marriage, respectively. This analytical framework, I will argue, offers useful insights into what is at stake in debates over how law should conceptualize and regulate marriage. More generally, it also suggests that these debates represent but one instance in which we address the question of how to accommodate individuality within community.
Economics, Marriage, and Divorce
Authors: Regan Milton C
Published: November 2023

The economic paradigm that is the foundation of law and economics has become a more prominent account of marriage and family life in recent years, as witnessed by Gary Becker’s receipt of the Nobel Prize for Economic Science. Economic theorists in recent years have refined their models in various ways that seek to take account of the distinct characteristics of family experience. Some have drawn on these refinements to argue that economics should guide our choice of the legal rules that govern family life. At the same time, “ notwithstanding the economic importance of families and of family relations ... the economic analysis of law so far has had relatively less influence in family law than in other fields.”‘ This reflects wariness about applying to the family concepts more typically used in analyzing armslength market transactions motivated by self-interest. Proponents and critics of economic analysis of the family sometimes seem to talk past one another, if they talk at all.
Divorce Awards and Property Rhetoric
Authors: Regan Milton C
Published: November 2023

Women on average confront less favorable economic prospects than men.1 Marriage often both. exacerbates and obscures this condition On the one hand, a woman’s earning power may decline during marriage because she assumes primary domestic responsibilities. On the other hand, she may benefit because resources within the household generally are not allocated strictly according to financial contribution.2 Divorce, however, often brings the economic disparity into sharp relief, as women’s financial condition worsens considerably compared to men’s. In a country in which the social welfare system tends be less extensive than in many other industrialized countries, it is natural that the extent to which a divorcing husband should have responsibility to alleviate his former wife’s economic hardship is a subject that has received considerable attention. This debate has tended to focus on the issue of what economic resources should be characterized as marital assets to which a wife has a claim at divorce.