bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On white marble half-lotus meditation statues carved in Wuding Era of the Eastern Wei Dynasty
Authors: So Hyun-Sook
Published: January 2020

In 2012, large amounts of white marble Buddhist statues of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties were unearthed from the Buddhist sculpture hoard at Bei Wuzhuang in Ye City Site. This paper makes a comparative study on a bodhisattva statue in meditation seated in half-lotus posture (resting right ankle on the knee of pendent left leg and holding right hand upward) among them and another sculpture of the same type and made in the same period unearthed at the Xiude Monastery site in Dingzhou; from the double-tree, stupa and coiling dragon designs shown by them, this paper explores the commonalities and differences of the Buddhist arts in these two areas. Moreover, this paper reveals that this motif emerged earlier in the Ye City area than in the Dingzhou area, and diffused to the latter after it became popular in the Ye City area. By these conclusions, this paper infers that the white marble meditating statue seated in half-lotus position with the date of the second year of Wuding Era (544 CE) in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA was produced in Ye City area.
Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Using SLPD Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure
Authors: Verma Alka , Singh Anil Kumar , Srivastava Neelam , Kanaujia Binod Kumar
Published: January 2020

In this article, a new structure comprising of a novel compact slot loaded polarization dependent Electromagnetic Band Gap structure (SLPDEBG), which enhances the performance of circularly polarized rotated square patch antenna by placing SLPDEBG unit cells around it, has been designed. The proposed antenna, having dimensions 0.640 λo x 0.640 λ x 0.0128 λo (λo stands for the free space wavelength at 2.39 GHz), shows that the measured impedance bandwidth and AR bandwidth is 120 MHz and 50 MHz, respectively, with a peak gain of 3.52 dB. Some prominent features of the proposed structure are: front to back ratio of 64, 3 db, beamwidth of 92° at xz-plane and 74° at yz-plane. This prototype antenna finds its application in wireless communication of ISM band. Good performance of the proposed antenna is verified by the close agreement between the simulated and measured results.
Radar Coincidence Imaging Based on Adaptive Frame-iteration Compressive Sensing
Authors: Guan Sihui , Song Yaoliang
Published: January 2020

The radar coincidence imaging (RCI) doesn’t rely on relative motion between target and radar, but its super-resolution characteristics requires a large sample size of the radiation fields. In the actual operation, transmitting too many signals at once not only requires large antenna array, but also easily causes aliasing. Thus the model of adaptive frame-iteration compressive sensing (AFCS) was proposed in this paper. Compared to the traditional antenna array, MIMO antenna array [1] transmits signals independently and ensures low enough correlations between every array element. Based on the spatial multiplexing characteristics of MIMO antenna array, in each iteration-frame the randomly selected array elements transmit incoherent signals, and the scattering coefficients of target plane can be obtained by correlation processing of the echo signal and the reference signal. Moreover, according to the distribution of scattering coefficients, we can combine frame-iteration and compressive sensing to realize super-resolution imaging. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is feasible.
Effect of heat treatment on bonding performance of poplar via an insight into dynamic wettability and surface strength transition from outer to inner layers
Authors: Chu Demiao , Mu Jun , Avramidis Stavros , Rahimi Sohrab , Lai Zongyuan , Ayanleye Samuel
Published: January 2020

Heat treatment (HT) is thought to degrade wood surface wettability and cause gluing problems; this study focused on wettability and surface strength of the surface layer on heat-treated wood. The outer and inner surfaces formed by removing the 1-, 2- and 3-mm surface layers of heat-treated poplar on the tangential section were investigated. Dynamic wetting was analyzed according to the sessile drop method. The bonding failure models on different surfaces were also discussed based on both images of macro- and microscopic fracture interfaces. Using Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), the cell wall chemistry on both outer and inner surfaces were analyzed. The results showed that the bonding strength of the outer surface was mainly affected by wettability, whereas the surface strength became the key factor for the inner layers. The removal of the first 1 mm of the surface layer enhanced the wetting process and transferred the failure mode from the glue line to the wood itself. FT-NIR revealed that the intensity of the thermal degradation on inner layers was alleviated with the removal depth; wettability and surface strength were enhanced compared with the outer surface. Surface abrasion and hardness declined, decreasing the surface strength and bonding capacity. This study indicates that the bonding of heat-treated wood is truly affected by the surface strength of the inner layers, in addition to the wettability on the outer surface.
Effect of phase change materials on heat dissipation of a multiple heat source system
Authors: Yu Kai , Wang Yao , Li Yanxin , Baleta Jakov , Wang Jin , Sundén Bengt
Published: January 2020

This paper experimentally investigates heat dissipation of a heat pipe with phase change materials (PCMs) cooling in a multiple heat source system. Two heat sources are fixed at one end of the heat pipe. Considering that a heat sink cannot dissipate all the heat generated by two heat sources, various PCMs are used due to a large latent heat. Different materials in a container are wrapped outside of the middle heat pipe to take away the heat from the evaporation section. The experimental tests obtain temperature data of heat source, evaporation section, and energy storage characteristics of PCMs are also determined under constant and dynamic values of the heat source powers. It is found that under this multiple heat source system structure, the phase change material RT35 maintains temperature variations of the evaporation section at a lower temperature and shortens the required time to reach the equilibrium temperature under a heating power of 20 W.
On Numerical Solution Of The Time Fractional Advection-Diffusion Equation Involving Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo Derivative
Authors: Partohaghighi Mohammad , Inc Mustafa , Bayram Mustafa , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: January 2020

A powerful algorithm is proposed to get the solutions of the time fractional Advection-Diffusion equation(TFADE):

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$^{ABC}\mathcal{D}_{0^+,t}^{\beta}u(x,t) =\zeta u_{xx}(x,t)- \kappa u_x(x,t)+$

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is described in the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo concept. The basis of our approach is transforming the original equation into a new equation by imposing a transformation involving a fictitious coordinate. Then, a geometric scheme namely the group preserving scheme (GPS) is implemented to solve the new equation by taking an initial guess. Moreover, in order to present the power of the presented approach some examples are solved, successfully.
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vasconcelos Breno B. , Protzen Gabriel V. , Galliano Leony M. , Kirk Christopher , Del Vecchio Fabrício B.
Published: January 2020

Vasconcelos, BB, Protzen, GV, Galliano, LM, Kirk, C, and Del Vecchio, FB. Effects of high-intensity interval training in combat sports: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 888–900, 2020—Combat sports (CS) are intermittent by nature and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been used as a tool to maintain and improve physical fitness among CS athletes. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis about chronic effects of HIIT in CS athletes. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using the following Boolean criteria: (“CS” OR “martial arts” OR “judo” OR “taekwondo” OR “jiu jitsu” OR “boxing” OR “karate” OR “wrestling” OR “wushu” OR “kung fu”) AND (“HIIT” OR “intermittent exercise” OR “sprint interval training” OR “repeated sprint training [RST]”). To be included, the studies needed to be original, involve CS athletes, present HIIT intervention protocol (HIIT, sprint interval training [SIT] or RST), and analyze chronic physiological outcomes. From 2,211 identified studies, after screening and eligibility evaluation, 12 studies were included in this review with meta-analysis. Aerobic (aerobic capacity, heart rate, and maximum oxygen uptake), anaerobic (peak and mean power in single and successive Wingate tests, and blood lactate concentration), and anthropometric outcomes (body mass and body fat percentage) were evaluated. Data of 255 subjects from 12 studies were assessed. Regarding methodological quality, 7 studies obtained 9–10/12 on the TESTEX scale. For the interventions, 5 studies used HIIT, 4 studies used RST protocols, one used SIT protocols, and one used an intermittent protocol that could not be classified. Relating to aerobic power, was found an increase in V̇O2max, with a mean difference (MD) of 2.83 ml·kg−1·min−1 (CI 95% = 0.40–5.25; p < 0.001) for striking and 2.36 ml·kg−1·min−1 (CI 95% = 1.05–3.66; p < 0.001) for grappling athletes. No differences on anaerobic peak power for striking (MD = 0.67 W; CI 95% = −0.43 to 1.77; p = 0.23) were found, and a statistical improvement for grappling athletes, (MD = 0.51 W; CI 95% = 0.03–0.98; p = 0.04) was found. Seven studies analyzed anthropometric variables, with differences for body mass in striking (MD = −0.93 kg; CI 95% = −1.68 to −0.19; p = 0.01) and no differences for grappling (MD = −0.09 kg; CI 95% = −2.80 to 2.62; p = 0.95). Differences in body fat percentage in striking (MD = 0.50%; CI 95% = 0.30–0.70; p < 0.001) and no differences in grappling (MD = −0.87%; CI 95% = −1.77 to 0.03; p = 0.06) were found. It was concluded that HIIT positively influences maximum oxygen uptake and anaerobic power in combat sport athletes, with a minor impact on body composition.
2.4-km Run and 20-m Multistage Fitness Test Relationships in Law Enforcement Recruits After Academy Training
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Hernandez Javier A. , Moreno Matthew R. , Dulla Joseph M. , Dawes J. Jay , Orr Robin M.
Published: January 2020

Lockie, RG, Hernandez, JA, Moreno, MR, Dulla, JM, Dawes, JJ, and Orr, RM. 2.4-km run and 20-m multistage fitness test relationships in law enforcement recruits after academy training. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 942–945, 2020—The 2.4-km run and 20-m multistage fitness test (20MSFT) are common aerobic fitness tests in law enforcement. Previous research analyzed relationships between these tests in recruits, and indicated limited transferability due to disparate demands (direction changes and running intensity). However, the correlations between 2.4-km run and 20MSFT in recruits after academy training may be different, where recruits should be fitter and able to complete high-intensity running efforts. This study documented changes in and relationships between the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT in law enforcement recruits after academy training. Retrospective analysis on 6 academy classes (276 males and 50 females) from one agency was conducted. The 20MSFT and 2.4-km run were completed before and after academy training. Estimated V̇O2max was derived from 2.4-km run time and the 20MSFT shuttle number. Paired-samples t-tests ascertained whether the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT improved after academy. Correlations and linear regression derived relationships between the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT. Recruits improved in the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT (p < 0.01). There were significant correlations between the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT for all recruits (r = −0.49), males (r = −0.48), and females (r = −0.29). However, the regression equations for all recruits (r
2 = 0.24), males (r
2 = 0.23), and females (r
2 = 0.08) were low. The results suggested that there were disparate aspects to the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT in law enforcement recruits after academy training. Although aerobic fitness improved, there are likely other aspects important to the 20MSFT not developed during academy (change-of-direction ability and high-intensity running). This could impact the between-test relationship.
On the Question of the Problems of Statistical Calculations of the Conducting Crystals Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties
Authors: Budzhak Ya.S. , Wacławski T.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents an elementary model of a crystal and its thermodynamic equilibrium state. It was shown that the thermodynamic characteristics of the crystal at this state are described by the Gibbs grand thermodynamic potential. If the crystal is removed away from the equilibrium state, then in this state it will be described by the set of kinetic properties, and these properties are statistically calculated with the use of the non-equilibrium Gibbs grand thermodynamic potential. Crystals’ thermodynamic and kinetic properties have analytical dependence on the current carriers dispersion law and chemical potential of these carriers. In this work, it was shown that the determination of the dispersion law and chemical potential – these are complicated problems of statistical and kinetic theories of crystals’ properties.
Preparation and luminescent properties of zinc sulfoselenide thin films
Authors: Slyotov М.М. , Slyotov О.М.
Published: January 2020

The preparation of zinc sulfoselenide heterolayers is considered. The possibility of obtaining a hexagonal modification of the crystal lattice by the method of isovalent substitution was shown. The λ-modulated optical reflection was studied and the parameters of the energy structure of α-ZnSe, α-ZnS, α-ZnS0.45Se0.55 were determined. It has been established that the obtained heterolayers are characterized by intense photoluminescence with a quantum yield η = 8–12% in the blue-violet region. It is formed by constituent bands, the nature of which is determined by the annihilation of bound excitons and interband transitions of free charge carriers. It is shown that the selection of temperature regimes allows obtaining radiation with ħωm maxima in the violet 2.80 eV, blue 2.70 eV and green 2.45 eV spectral regions. It is determined by the generation-recombination transitions involving donor and acceptor states formed by intrinsic point defects of the crystalline lattice ,  і Zni, respectively. The models of radiative recombination are discussed.
Optical Properties of Materials for Solar Energy Based on Cadmium Chalcogenides Thin Films
Authors: Petrus R.Yu. , Ilchuk H.A. , Kashuba A.I. , Semkiv I.V. , Zmiiovska E.O. , Lys R.M.
Published: January 2020

The optical constants and thickness of cadmium chalcogenides (CdX, X= S, Se and Te) thin films prepared by quasi close-space sublimation and high-frequency magnetron sputtering method are determined. The optical constants and the band gap of the films under study have been determined. Optical properties (refractive index n(λ), extinction coefficient k(λ) and dielectric functions ε(λ)) of thin films and thickness d can be determined from the transmission spectrum. The dispersion of the refractive index was explained using a single oscillator model. Single oscillator energy and dispersion energy are obtained from fitting. The material optical parameter such as normalized integrated transmission, zero and high-frequency dielectric constant, density of state effective mass ratio was also calculated.
Electrical properties of CdTe thin layers
Authors: Prokopiv V.V. , Kostyuk O.B. , Dzundza B.S. , Mazur T.M. , Turovska L.V. , Matkivskyi O.M. , Deychakivskyi M.V.
Published: January 2020

The technique of obtaining thin layers of cadmium telluride of p-type conductivity by chemical doping of the surface of cadmium telluride crystals by calcium is described. The dependences of the electrical properties of the obtained films on the technological factors of their production are investigated. The conductivity of the doped layer, velocity and depth of diffusion are determined.
Influence of Laser Radiation on Optical Properties of Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Gentsar P.O. , Levytskyi S.M.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the transmission and reflection spectra of n-Si(100) single crystals are measured; n-GaAs(100); solid solutions of Ge1-хSiх (х = 0.85) in the range (0.2 - 1.7)·10-6 m before and after laser irradiation at the wavelength λ = 532 nm. It is established that the main mechanism of influence of pulsed laser irradiation on the optical properties of thin surface layers of the investigated crystals is structural gettering, that is, the absorption due to the presence of sections of semiconductors that have a defective structure and have the ability to actively absorb defects and points.
Tl2S–In2S3–GeS2 Glass System as Novel Promising Materials for Photonics
Authors: Tsisar O.V. , Piskach L.V. , Parasyuk O.V. , Zamurujeva O.V. , Myronchuk G.L. , Piasecki M.
Published: January 2020

It was established that minimal content of the glass-forming component GeS2 is equal to 30 mol.% (by exploration the set of 23 different alloys with different composition). Correlation between structural properties, thermal parameters (glass transition, crystallization and melting temperatures) and optical absorption spectra along of the titled glasses system has been found. The temperatures, the band gap energy and the characteristic energy of vitreous alloys for the gastric system Tl2S‑In2S3‑GeS2 were investigated experimentally.
YouTube’s Role in Destination Image Creation
Authors: Jakopović Hrvoje
Published: January 2020

Contemporary promotion of tourist destinations represents a challenge and gives  rise to many questions in a regard to numerous ways of communicating and transferring information. With concern to modern communication practices in society and due to fast-paced lifestyle, individuals are looking for information online and are making decisions based on available Internet data.  Attracting tourists through traditional promotional techniques such as brochures, leaflets, printed guidebooks, fairs and festivals are unsufficient with a respect to the  rising number of online users. Promotion of tourism is based on destination image which is created through direct or mediated experience and projected on the minds of individuals. It is greatly dependent on available information mostly visual.  YouTube is a popular video sharing site that counts over one billion users. It gives open access to a  great number of videos and therefore could have  an important role in promoting tourist destinations. The website was firstly used for non-commercial purposes but today it is very attractive for advertisers. The author examines  phenomena of YouTube and its potential for destination image creation. The aim of this article is to give an insight on characteristics of promotional videos used for tourism and to explore how various national and local tourist boards can use them on YouTube. The author identifies  the public relations profession’s role in creation of promotional audio-visual material.
The characteristics of the Third Sector in Ukraine. Increases and decreases in the activity of particular organizations and the policy of the ruling elite
Authors: Pytlik Kamila
Published: January 2020

The main subject of this article is the activity of non-governmental organizations in Ukraine and their role in the life democratization. The article includes methods of financing non-governmental organizations and the influence of domestic and foreign subsidies for their work. Moreover, it raises a question about ethical behaviour of people, that finance these organizations and reveals the political aspects of the decisions which were made.

It depicts the development dynamics of NGOs during several years. Furthermore, it emphasizes the increase of activity of all members of the NGOs during the Orange Revolution and the stagnation caused by the political crisis in 2007. This work indicates what is the stimulus for the development of Ukrainian NGOs.
The role of Facebook in the process of acquiring information. Own research study
Authors: Popiołek Malwina
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on the social network sites (SNSs), especially on Facebook, and their role in people’s daily life. It focuses on people who are statistically not at risk of the digital exclusion (young and still educating). Here are presented conclusions of the author's own research focusing on the role of Facebook in daily life of a group of its users. Research was done as an experiment. The purpose of the study was to find out if students, who use Facebook, could stop to do it temporarily.  Facebook is here regarded as a main source of various kinds of information, both private and public. In this article the author tries to prove that Facebook is one of the primary channels of information flow.
Being Positive. Approaching Career Design from the Perspective of Positive Psychology
Authors: Klimka Małgorzata , Budzińska Grażyna
Published: January 2020

Constructing a career path based upon positive personal potential and positive individual resources is a significant factor for professional development of employees  and  their success on today’s labour market. A satisfying career, an inherent element of personal well-being and good life, is linked with an ability to explore and reinforce signature strengths. In order to effectively design programmes which could support young people who are preparing to enter a job market,  it is essential to acquire knowledge about values and character strengths and their perceptions among young people living in Poland and abroad. The article presents comparative analysis of signature strengths perceptions among young people in different cultures and discusses the significance of the most striking differences.
Applying the Communicative Approach in Teaching English Language: Impediments and challenges, Taza and Taounante Regions as a Case Study
Authors: Herouach Sofian
Published: January 2020

The present study is an attempt to investigate the impediments that stand against implementing the communicative approach among high school students. The study focuses on 2ndyear baccalaureate students: their prospective year of graduation, taking two regions as case studies Taza and Taounante cities. This paper tends to tackle the approaches that English language teachers tend to apply, the reasons that prevent English language teachers from implementing the Communicative Language Approach (CLA) and the measures that can be applied to enable teachers so as to execute the CLA. The review of literature is inclusive and refers to English theories that first introduced the communicative approach to learning. The field work is conducted through distributing a representative number of questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires were distributed for both second baccalaureate students and English teachers and conducted interviews with them. This research paper argues that overcrowded classes, time constraints, lack of appropriate materials and the students’ low level of English are the main reasons that make English teachers abstain from implementing the CLA.  Additionally, based on the findings, the study argues that having limited number of students, maintaining in-service trainings for the teachers and the availability of appropriate materials are the measures that should be met to implement the communicative approach in teaching.
Egészségügyi szakdolgozók mentális zavarokkal kapcsolatos ismereteinek és a betegekkel szembeni attitűdjének vizsgálata
Authors: Ács Andrea , Mészáros Judit , Balogh Zoltán
Published: January 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: A mentális betegek stigmatizációja mind a hazai, mind
a nemzetközi kutatásokban kiemelt jelentőséggel bír. Az érintetteknek a
társadalmi előítéleteken túl az egészségügyi szakemberek stigmatizáló
attitűdjével is meg kell küzdeniük. Célkitűzés: A vizsgálat
során a pszichiátriai betegségekkel kapcsolatos sztereotípiák, a stigmatizáló
egészségügyi szakdolgozói attitűdök jelenlétét kerestük. Célunk volt továbbá az
ápolási munkát végző dolgozók körében a mentális betegségekkel kapcsolatos
ismeretek felmérése. Az eredmények tükrében az ápolóképzések reformjával
kapcsolatos javaslatok tételét tűztük ki célul. Módszer: A
Magyar Egészségügyi Szakdolgozói Kamara (mentésügyi, sürgősségi betegellátási,
pszichiátriai ápolási és felnőttápolási tagozat) tagjainak körében végzett
online, kvantitatív, kérdőíves felmérés eredményeinek deskriptív és többváltozós
elemzése. Eredmények: A kitöltött kérdőívek közül 495 volt
értékelhető (n = 495). A pszichiátrián dolgozó ápolókat kevésbé stigmatizáló
attitűd jellemzi a mentés és a sürgősségi ellátás, illetve az egyéb területeken
dolgozókénál. Erőteljesebben megjelenik a stigmatizáló attitűd a hosszabb ideje
a szakmában tevékenykedőknél. Kevésbé stigmatizáló attitűd jellemzi a főiskolai
vagy egyetemi végzettségűeket, mint a középfokú végzettségűeket. A vizsgálatban
részt vevő összes ápoló közel fele (47%) tartja hiányosnak felkészültségét a
mentális betegségekkel kapcsolatosan. Tagozati bontásban a mentés és a
sürgősségi ellátás dolgozóinál 49%, a felnőttápolási tagozat tagjainál 55% ez az
arány. A pszichiátriai ápolók körében is viszonylag nagy (28%) azok aránya, akik
hiányosnak ítélik meg felkészültségüket, ugyanakkor természetesen a megfelelő
felkészültséget is ez a csoport választotta a legnagyobb arányban (37%).
Következtetés: A pszichiátria oktatását az ápolóképzések
minden szintjén szükséges hatékonyabbá tenni. Fontos lenne továbbá az
érzékenyítő, stigma elleni módszerek beépítése és az empátia fejlesztése. Orv
Hetil. 2020; 161(2): 56–66.
A multiplex endokrin neoplasia-2A szindrómáról egy család kapcsán
Authors: Hircsu Ildikó , Gazdag Annamária , Bodor Miklós , Berta Eszter , Andrási Mónika , Kanyári Zsolt , Győry Ferenc , Barna Sándor , Bhattoa Harjit Pal , Nagy Béla , Nagy V. Endre , Erdei Annamária
Published: January 2020

Absztrakt:

A szerzők egy multiplex endokrin neoplasia-2A (MEN2A) szindrómában szenvedő beteg
esetét ismertetik, akinél 55 éves korban hasi panaszok miatti részletes
kivizsgálás részeként derült fény kétoldali mellékvese-térfoglalásra és
pajzsmirigygöbre. Az utóbbi miatt végzett thyreoidectomia szövettani lelete
medullaris pajzsmirigy-carcinomát igazolt. A mellékvese-térfoglalások hormon- és
képalkotó vizsgálatok alapján bilaterális phaeochromocytomának bizonyultak.
Tünetmentes primer hyperparathyreosisra is fény derült. Laparoszkópos
adrenalectomia és mellékpajzsmirigy-adenoma eltávolítása történt. A beteg
pozitív családi anamnézise és a klinikai kép alapján felmerülő MEN2A-szindrómát
genetikai vizsgálattal bizonyítottuk. Az elsőfokú rokonok szűrése során a beteg
25 éves lánygyermeke génhordozónak bizonyult, nála preventív thyreoidectomiára
került sor, és a szövettan többgócú medullaris carcinomát igazolt. Az eset
kapcsán a szerzők áttekintik a MEN2A-szindróma klinikai jellemzőit, és
hangsúlyozzák a genetikai vizsgálat és a családszűrés fontosságát. Orv Hetil.
2020; 161(2): 75–79.
Lepedékes tonsilla gyermekkorban. Hogyan csökkenthető az indokolatlan antibiotikumfelhasználás?
Authors: Takács Andrea , Szűcs Dániel , Terhes Gabriella
Published: January 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: A lepedékkel, tüszőkkel fedett, gyulladt tonsilla
gyakori elváltozásnak számít a gyermekgyógyászatban. A tünet hátterében az
esetek nagyobb részében vírusfertőzés (Epstein–Barr-vírus [EBV], cytomegalovirus
[CMV], influenza, parainfluenza, adenovírus) áll; csak kisebb arányban
baktériumok, melyek közül az A-csoportú streptococcusok által okozott fertőzés
kiemelendő. A jelenlegi irányelvek alapján nem ajánlott rutinszerű, preventív
antibiotikumkezelés az A-csoportú streptococcusok által okozott szövődmények
megelőzésére. Célkitűzés: Célunk volt meghatározni, hogy a
lepedékes tonsillitis miatt felvett gyermekek esetén jelenthet-e
differenciáldiagnosztikai segítséget a laboratóriumi értékek változása a
felesleges antibiotikumhasználat elkerülésében. Módszer: A
vizsgálat során 133 beteg 135, exsudativ tonsillitis miatt történt
megjelenésének adatait elemeztük. A betegeket két csoportba osztottuk. Az 1.
csoportba kerültek azok a betegek, akiknél EBV vagy CMV kóroki szerepe volt
igazolható, míg a 2. csoportba azokat a betegeket soroltuk, akiknél szerológiai
módszerekkel nem volt igazolható vírusfertőzés. Eredmények: A
vizsgálati eredmények alapján 2016 és 2017 között az exsudativ tonsillitisek
többségénél (66/135, 48,8%) a CMV és az EBV kóroki szerepe volt igazolható
szerológiai módszerrel, míg Streptococcus pyogenes jelenléte
csak néhány esetben (3/65, 4,61%) volt kimutatható torokváladékból. A betegek
jelentős, 92%-a a fentiek ellenére antibiotikumkezelésben részesült.
Következtetés: Retrospektív felmérésünk eredményei is
alátámasztották, hogy a klinikai tünetek és a fizikális status alapján nem
lehetséges a kóroki tényezőt megítélni, sőt a legtöbb esetben a kvalitatív
vérkép eltérései és a gyulladásos markerek – például a C-reaktív protein (CRP) –
emelkedése sem jelez egyértelműen bakteriális infekciót. Ellenben a
transzaminázértékek emelkedése magas pozitív prediktív értékkel utal
vírusfertőzésre, azon belül is a vizsgálat tárgyát képező CMV- és
EBV-infekcióra. A laborvizsgálatok ez irányú kiterjesztésével a felesleges
antibiotikumhasználat jelentősen csökkenthető. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(2):
50–55.
Indiscreet Charm of Digitalization
Authors: Gaivoronskaya Yana , Miroshnichenko Olga , Mamychev Alexey
Published: January 2020

Introduction: digitalization is a new trend of social development on the whole and the legal and political regulation in particular. The digitalization tempts and fascinates, attracts by its novelty and modernity. The idea of a fundamental change in the social order and social regulation under the digitalization influence in a broad sense is in the air and is already perceived as an axiom. At the same time, most people, both non-specialists in the area of social regulation, and even narrow professionals, will find it difficult to answer the question: what exactly will fundamentally change in the world, in society and in the economy, with the widespread introduction of digital technologies? As a result, the publications in the media and many scientific works resemble Hollywood blockbuster scenarios in the technocratic dystopia style, which leads researchers away from solving real problems of the legal regulation of changing social relations. The purpose of the study: to determine the model of interaction of law and digitalization in relation to the current level of technology development. Research objectives: to define the concept of digitalization; to consider the main trends in research on issues related to the large-scale spread of digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies; to determine the limits of the real impact of digitalization on the law and legal regulation. Methods: the system, structural and functional methods, the methods of analysis and synthesis, expert evaluation. Results: the paper describes one of the trends of modern interdisciplinary research, called by the authors “the effect of digitalization”. In relation to the sphere of legal regulation, the effect of digitalization is manifested in an attempt to see the fundamental novelty in relations using the latest technical means; the relations carried out in electronic form and/or using digital, network, telecommunication technologies, artificial intelligence. It is argued that the mediation of social relations with the latest technologies does not always lead to the change in the essence of relations and the need to create fundamentally new models of social regulation. Conclusions: digitalization in relation to the law appears in the modern world in two qualities: as an independent social phenomenon and as a tool designed to give the legal mechanisms efficiency and accessibility. At the present level of technology development the digitalization in relation to the law should be considered as a tool to improve the legal regulation quality. The Russian practice of “digitalization for the sake of digitalization” is dangerous and inefficient in social and economic terms.
5-10 Yaş Arası Çocuk Tüketicilerin Giysi Tercihleri ve Giysi Satın Alma Davranışlarına Etki Eden Faktörler
Authors: ERCAN Duygu , HARMANKAYA Hatice
Published: January 2020

Kişilerin tüketici olarak
sosyalleşmesi çocukluk dönemlerinde başlar. Çocuklar, küçük yaşlardan itibaren
ailelerinin satın alma kararlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı,
5-10 yaş aralığındaki çocukların giysi tercihleri ve giysi satın alma
davranışlarına etki eden faktörleri belirlemektir. Betimsel araştırma
yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmanın evrenini Edirne merkezdeki farklı
sosyo-ekonomik duruma sahip 6 devlet okulunda öğrenim gören 5-10 yaş arası
çocuk tüketicilerin aileleri; örneklemini bu okullardan gelişigüzel olarak
seçilen 667 öğrenci velisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı
olarak anket formu kullanılmış, sorular Engel, Kollat ve Blackwell (EKB)
tüketici davranış modeline uygun olarak 4 ana bölümde yapılandırılmıştır. Elde
edilen veriler SPSS programına aktarılmış, bulgular cinsiyet değişkeni dikkate
alınarak çapraz tablolarda verilmiştir. Cinsiyete göre verilen cevapların
arasındaki istatistiksel ilişkinin ölçümü için ki-kare ilişki analizi
yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya göre çocuk tüketicilerde, giysinin fiziksel olarak
vücuda uygunluğu, modeli, kalitesi her iki cinsiyet açısından da her zaman
dikkat edilen özellikler olduğu ve çocukların beğendikleri giysi olduğunda
mutlaka belli ettikleri saptanmıştır. Çocukların marka konusunda ısrarcı
olmadıkları sonucu da dikkat çekicidir.
Siyasal Pazarlama Açısından Siyaset Kurumu İmajının Seçmenler Tarafından Algılanması ve Iğdır İline Yönelik Bir İnceleme
Authors: TATAR Ali
Published: January 2020

Siyaset alanına pazarlama
yönlü bakıldığında tüketicinin yerini seçmen almaktadır. Siyasal hedeflere
ulaşmanın yolunun seçmenden geçtiğinin kabul edilmesi ile siyasal pazarlamaya
verilen önem gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, “seçmen” demokratik
ülkelerde memnuniyeti sağlanması gereken yegane unsur olarak ön plana çıkmıştır.
Siyasal gücün anahtarı seçmendedir ve bunun elde edilmesi için seçmenin ikna
edilmesi gerekir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı siyasal pazarlama bakış açısıyla
siyaset kurumu imajının seçmenler tarafından ne yönde algılandığının
ölçümlenmesidir. Bireylerin belirli konulardaki tutum ve inançlarının ölçek
kullanmak suretiyle tespiti söz konusu olduğundan “nicel araştırma”
yöntemlerinden “tarama araştırmaları” metodu yöntem olarak seçilmiştir. Anket
veri toplama tekniği ile elde edilen veri setinin incelenmesi neticesinde,
siyaset kurumunun seçmenler tarafından olumsuz olarak algılandığı tespit
edilmiştir. Olumsuz algılamanın siyasal ürünlerin klasik satış anlayışı
uygulanarak yapılmasından kaynaklandığı değerlendirilmiştir.
İş Yaşamı Yalnızlığının Çalışma Ortamını Değerlendirme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Hemşire Meslek Grupları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: BİLGENER Emrah , ÇANKAYA Muhammet
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışma; hemşirelerin iş yaşamı
yalnızlıklarının çalışma ortamını değerlendirmeleri üzerinde bir etkisinin olup
olmadığını ölçmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evreni; Çorum İlinde bulunan
bir kamu hastanesinde hemşire olarak görev yapan çalışanlardan oluşmaktadır.
Hastanede görev yapan ve anket uygulamasına katılmayı kabul eden 234 hemşire
ile gerçekleştirilen çalışma sonucunda; hemşirelerin iş yaşamı yalnızlıklarının
çalışma ortamını değerlendirmeleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu
bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte iş yaşamı yalnızlığı boyutları ile çalışma
ortamını değerlendirme boyutları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir.
Son olarak hemşirelerin “orta düzeyde” iş yaşamı yalnızlığı yaşadıkları ve
çalışma ortamlarını da “orta düzey”olarak değerlendirdikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Toksik Liderlik: Kavramsal Bir Çözümleme
Authors: ZENGİN Mevsim
Published: January 2020

Toksik liderlik, kendisini kabul
ettirebilmek ve kişisel kazançlar elde edebilmek amacıyla çalışanlarını
korkutan; narsist eğilimleri ve otoriter tutumlarıyla örgüt üyelerini devamlı
aşağılayan; cesaretlerini kırarak fiziksel ve ruhsal yıkımlarına neden olan
işlevsiz bir liderlik türüdür. Örgütlerde oldukça yaygın olan bu liderlik
biçiminin tespitinin doğruluğu ve önlenmesi, çalışan ve örgüt açısından
önemlidir. Toksik liderlerle etkili bir şekilde baş etmek
ve davranışlarını anlamak için lider davranışını bağlam içinde analiz etmek
genellikle önemlidir. Bu çalışmada toksik liderliğin
dinamiklerini belirlemek, ele almak ve dönüştürmek için paydaşların ve örgütsel
yapıların güçlendirilmesine odaklanılmış olup bazı etkili başa çıkma
stratejileri önerilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca toksisitenin birey ve örgüt
üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Böylece çalışan farkındalığı arttırılarak olumlu sosyal ortam teşvik etmeye çalışılmıştır.
16. Yüzyıl Tezkirelerinde “Eş‘âr” ve “Güftâr” Terimlerinin Şiir Takdimlerindeki Anlam ve İşlevlerine Dair
Authors: GÖK Selim
Published: January 2020

Şair
tezkirelerinde “eş‘âr” ve “güftâr” terimleri, bazen şairlerin üslubu bazen de şiirler
değerlendirilirken kullanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle özellikle şiir örneklerinin
takdiminde bu terimlerin içinde bulunduğu kalıp ifadeler sıklığı ve farklılığı
ile dikkat çekmektedir. Dolayısıyla bağlamdan ve işlevsel özelliklerinden yola
çıkarak bu terimlerin sözlük anlamlarının yanında tezkirelerdeki kullanımlarına
dair çıkarımlarda bulunmak da mümkündür. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada Sehî, Latîfî,
Hasan Çelebi, Beyânî, Âşık Çelebi, Ahdî ve Künhü’l-ahbâr’ın tezkire kısmı
olarak sıralayabileceğimiz 16. yüzyıl tezkirelerinde “eş‘âr” ve “güftâr” terimlerinin
taşıdıkları anlamlar; farklı dillerdeki sözlüklerden ve tezkire metinlerinden
hareketle belirlenmiştir. Bu çerçevede adı geçen kelimelerin şâir ve şiir
vasıflandırmalarında ne tür çeşitlenmeler gösterdikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu
değerlendirmeler esnasında şiir takdimlerinde karşımıza çıkan “beyt, ebyât,
şi‘r, matla‘, nazm” terimleri de “eş‘âr” ve “güftâr” terimleri müşterekinde
anlam ve işlev bakımından mukayese edilmiştir. Bu amaçla bağlamlı bir tenkitle “eş‘âr”
ve “güftâr” kelimelerinin ses ve anlam irtibatı da ortaya konmaya
çalışılmıştır.
Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler ve Dijital Ağlarda İletişim: Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: ÇÖMLEKÇİ Mehmet Fatih
Published: January 2020

Dijital iletişim ağların gündelik hayatımızın bir parçası
haline geldiği günümüzde, yeni toplumsal hareketlerin bu yeni araçları kullanım
biçimleri sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Toplumsal hareket iletişiminin sosyal
medya platformlarına taşınmaya başladığı bir ortamda, bu gidişatın toplumsal
etkilerine karşı eleştirel yaklaşımlar da çoğalmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, yeni
toplumsal hareketler ve bu bağlamda dijital iletişim ağlarının kullanımına
ilişkin literatürü ortaya koyduktan sonra, Ortadoğu’daki Arap Baharı ve
İspanya’daki 15-M hareketleri üzerinden yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin
kendiliğinden demokratik kültüre katkı yaptığı ve toplumsal hareketlerin etki
kapasitesini genişlettiği yönündeki iyimser inanışa eleştirel bir bakış
getirmektir. Bu doğrultuda, dijital araçları toplumsal değişimin asli unsuru
olarak gören teknolojik determinist bir yaklaşım yerine, internet ortamını
demokratik ve şeffaf hale getirici süreçleri desteklemek daha bilinçli bir
yaklaşım olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada, yeni iletişim
teknolojilerinin getirdiği risklere, sosyal medya platformlarının toplumsal
hareketlerin sosyal değişim hedefleri bağlamındaki sınırlılıklarına ve dijital
platformlara karşı eleştirel ve sorgulayıcı yaklaşmanın önemine dikkat çekilmiştir.
İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Güven Düzeyleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: İNAN Ali
Published: January 2020

Son dönemlerde sosyal sermaye yazınında önemli bir yer işgal eden güven
kavramı, toplumsal ilişkiler ve toplumsal bütünlükte önemli bir unsur olarak
kabul görmektedir. Bireylerin sosyal güven düzeyleri bir bakıma toplumda
bulunan güven düzeyini yansıtan bir özelliğe sahiptir. Bireylerin birbirlerini
ne kadar güvenilir buldukları, insanların yaptıkları iyilikte samimi olup
olmadıkları, bireylerin toplumsal aidiyet duygusu düzeyi gibi faktörler,
bireylerin sosyal güven düzeyini belirlemeye yardımcı olur. Bu gibi sorular ile
sosyal güven düzeyi belirlenmeye çalışılırken toplumun geleceği sayılan ve
toplumsal anlamda orta kuşak sayılan genç bireyler üzerine araştırma yapılması
tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, amaçlı
örneklem yoluyla seçilen Ankara, Atatürk, Dicle ve Dokuz Eylül İlahiyat
Fakültelerinde birinci ve son sınıfta okuyan toplam 850 öğrenciye uygulanan
anket sonuçlarına dayanmaktadır. Araştırmanın
bulgularına göre İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin sosyal güven düzeyi Türkiye
ortalamasının üzerinde olmasına rağmen bu düzeyin bir toplumda istenilen sosyal
güven düzeyinden daha aşağı bir seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Evliliği Kolaylaştırmak: Geç Dönem Osmanlı’da İzdivaç İlanları
Authors: TUNÇ YAŞAR Fatma
Published: January 2020

Bu makale, İkinci Meşrutiyet döneminde Musavver
Malumat-ı Nafia dergisi, Vakit gazetesi ve İzdivaç dergisinde
yayımlanan evlilik ilanları üzerinden geç dönem Osmanlı’da ilan vasıtasıyla
evlilik arayışının sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel bağlamını tartışmayı
amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, ilan vasıtasıyla evliliği ortaya çıkaran
koşulları, Osmanlı siyasi otoritelerinin teshil-i izdivaç (evliliği
kolaylaştırma) politikasını, ilan vasıtasıyla evliliğin Osmanlı toplumunda
nasıl algılandığını ve meşrulaştırıldığını, servet, maişet ve tarz-ı hayata
dair malumat ile şekillenen izdivaç ilanlarının içeriğini ve bağlamını
irdelemektedir. On dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca devam eden ve yirminci yüzyılın
başlarında pek çok köklü değişime neden olan modernleşme süreci, matbuat ve
tedrisat alanında yaşanan gelişmeler, Balkan Savaşları ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı
bu değişimin en etkili dinamikleri arasındadır. Bu makale, izdivaç ilanlarının
içeriğinde, adayların evlilik telakkilerinde, kendilerini tanıtma biçimlerinde
ve karşı taraftan beklentilerinde ortaya çıkan çeşitliliğin geç dönem Osmanlı
siyasi ve toplumsal hayatında yaşanan hızlı ve dramatik değişim ve dönüşümü
birçok açıdan yansıttığını iddia etmektedir.
Is Rural Out Migration Constructive for Sustainable Development? A Case of Mountain Community of Kıbrıscık, Turkey
Authors: KHAN Ashfak Ahmad , SOMUNCU Mehmet
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates
the relationship between environmental degradation and out migration in
mountainous area of Kibriscik district, Bolu Province, Turkey. Primary data was
collected through personal observations and in-depth interviews with residents
of different age groups and representatives of civil society organizations. Furthermore,
secondary data was collected from Turkish Directorate General of Forest,
Turkish statistical Institute and District Agriculture Office, Kibriscik.
Results revealed that population of the research area have decreased
significantly in recent years due to lack of employment opportunities in the
area. Out migration has proved beneficial in terms of environmental stability.
On the other hand, decreased number of young people resulted in abundance of
economically inactive older ones. As a result, serious decrease in livestock
and agricultural activity is observed in the area. Similar situations in most
of mountainous areas of Turkey has affected the country`s overall demand of
dairy products.
Bireysel Yatırımcıların Yatırım Kararlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: Irak Menkul Kıymetler Borsası’nda Bir Uygulama
Authors: ALALWANİ Mohammed , DAYI Faruk
Published: January 2020

Bireysel yatırımcılar sermaye piyasalarında
önemli bir role sahiptir. Yatırımcıların yatırım kararlarını etkileyen birçok
faktör vardır. Bireysel yatırımcılar, yaşadıkları toplumun kararlarından da
etkilenmektedir. Yatırımcıların kararlarına etki eden faktörler alınan yatırım kararları
üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu nedenle bireysel yatırımcıların davranışlarının
psikolojik ve sosyolojik faktörler açısından incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu
çalışmanın amacı, bireysel yatırımların yatırım kararları üzerinde etkili olan
faktörleri araştırmaktır. Irak Menkul Kıymetler Borsası`nda yatırım yapan
bireysel yatırımcılar üzerinde anket uygulanarak veri toplanmıştır. Veriler
SPSS 22,0
programında frekans ve yüzde analizlerine tabi tutularak yorumlanmıştır. Analiz
sonucunda bireysel yatırımcıların yatırım kararlarını etkileyen risk, finansal
kriz, finansal bilgi ve sürü psikolojisi gibi birçok faktörün olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Intrafamilial variation in clinical manifestations and response to salbutamol in siblings with congenital myasthenic syndrome caused by DOK7 mutations
Authors: Jadhav Trupti , Shah Poornima , Karnavat Purva Keni , Hegde Anaita Udwadia
Published: January 2020

The congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders arising from genetic defects in presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic proteins of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) resulting in variable and characteristically fatigable muscle weakness affecting limb, ocular, bulbar, trunk, and respiratory muscles from early life. DOK7 mutation resulting in synaptic and postsynaptic CMS clinically presents with limb-girdle myasthenia with sparing of facial and EOM. They characteristically worsen with conventional treatment and show excellent response to salbutamol/ ephedrine. Here we present a case highlighting a varied presentation beginning in late childhood and its evolution to reveal its congenital nature and subsequent management with salbutamol.
Genetic susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the Belarusian population: gene-gene interactions analysis
Authors: Yatskiu Hanna A. , Savina Nataliya V. , Nikitchenko Nataliya V. , Kuzhir Tatyana D. , Tchitchko Alexei M. , Sukalo Alexander V. , Goncharova Roza I.
Published: January 2020

Background. GWASs revealed a huge amount of candidate genes for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) susceptibility. Individual SNP analysis has restrictions as an effect of each substitution may be too subtle to be detected but their interactions may significantly contribute to disease susceptibility.

Materials and methods. 118 patients diagnosed with JIA and 202 controls were included into the study. The study was aimed to estimate interactions between SNPs of the immune and inflammatory responses genes: RUNX3 (rs11249215), RUNX1 (rs9979383), STAT4 (rs7574865), TRAF1/C5 (rs3761847), MIF (rs755622), CTLA4 (rs5742909, rs231775), PTPN2 (rs2542151) and to reveal their effects on the JIA susceptibility. SNPs were genotyped using PCR-RFLP and Real-time PCR. Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis was performed using MDR 3.0.2 software.

Results. RUNX3, STAT4 and PTPN2 polymorphisms were associated with systemic arthritis, RF- polyarthritis and oligoarthritis respectively. Interaction of CTLA4 (rs5742909, rs231775), TRAF1/C5 (rs3761847), RUNX1 (rs9979383), PTPN2 (rs2542151) SNPs is shown to be a risk factor for JIA (p = 0.0099).

Conclusion. Some of the SNPs studied are associated with distinct JIA subtypes. MDR analysis identified a statistically significant high-order interaction of five polymorphisms which collectively may contribute to JIA genetic susceptibility in the Belarusian population.