bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term climate warming and extreme cold events driving ecological shifts in a deep oligo‐mesotrophic lake
Authors: Zhu Kexin , Wang Rong , Qiu Hengshuai , Zhao Yu , Xing Peng , Zheng Jianan , Zhao Yanjie , Zheng Wenxiu , Yang Xiangdong
Published: July 2024

Deep lakes are critical for freshwater storage, yet they are struggling against major ecological issues from climate change and nutrient pollution. A comprehensive understanding of internal feedback mechanisms is crucial for regulating nutrients in these lakes. A five‐year study was conducted on the diatom community and environment in Lake Fuxian, China's largest deep freshwater lake, which is becoming eutrophic. The results indicate a shift in the diatom community from a stable state dominated by a single species to a rapid seasonal fluctuation, and there is a significant increase in diatom biomass. Specifically, stable stratification and low nutrient concentrations are limiting the growth of diatom biomass and maintaining the dominance of Cyclotella. Nutrients in the hypolimnion were replenished in the epilimnion during the extreme cold of winter, triggering a shift in the diatom community. This shift may imply that future climate change will exacerbate the positive feedback of hypoxia‐nutrient release of algal blooms, potentially triggering a regime shift in the ecosystem of the entire lake. This study underscores the fact that climate change alters the internal feedback mechanisms of deep lakes, reducing ecosystem stability, and provides a scientific basis for further clarification of protection measures for deep lakes.
Nature of Metal–Metal Bond in Group‐V Dinuclear Metallaborane Compounds: Open‐Shell–Open‐Shell Vs Closed‐Shell–Closed‐Shell Interaction
Authors: Karnamkkott Harsha S. , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: July 2024

The investigation of metal–metal bonding is interesting due to the captivating structural features, unique chemical reactivity and physical properties of this class of complexes. The synthesis of the complexes having metal–metal bonds started to explor after the isolation of the dianionic Re2Cl82−, possessing quadruple bonds between two Re atoms. After that, several complexes containing multiple metal‐metal bonds were synthesized, isolated and characterised. The bonding situation in the metallaboranes [(Cp*)2M2(B2H6)2] of group‐V elements (M) in the +3 oxidation state [M = V (1), Ta (2)] was investigated by the DFT, NBO, QTAIM calculations and further with Energy Decomposition Analyses coupled with Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence (EDA–NOCV). Even though the metallaboranes are isostructural, the nature of metal–metal bonding interaction was found to be different, revealing the presence of open‐shell–open‐shell interaction in divanadium compound while its Ta‐analogue possesses closed‐shell–closed‐shell interaction between two tantalum atoms. However, EDA–NOCV analyses suggest that TaIII−TaIII bonding interactions are stronger than those of the divanadaborane analogue, having an intrinsic interaction energy of −247.6 kcal/mol (2), and the interaction energy leading to the formation of a V−V bond between two molecular fragments, is −192.5 kcal/mol (1). The bonding analyses indicate that the strength of the metal–metal bond becomes stronger as the metal becomes heavier which is due to the higher contribution from electrostatic stabilization energy. The pairwise orbital analysis of the metal–metal bond denotes significant dative interaction between two tantalum centres, contributing 52.6 % (2) to the total orbital interaction energy. The electron‐sharing interaction energy has been computed to be 44.3 % for the divanadaborane analogue (1). Two Cp*− ligands do not play significant role in the stabilization/destabilization of the V−V bond while the Ta−Ta bond is slightly destabilized by Cp*− ligands. The electronic π‐clound mostly fills empty orbitals on the metals, M = V and Ta. Further analyses show that the B2H62− unit drags out some amount of electron densities from the central M−M bond of both complexes, which are visible in the deformation densities. The chemical bonding between two VIII ions of two triplet V‐complexes (3–4) was also investigated via EDA‐NOCV analysis. The analysis concluded the existance an one electron bond between two vanadium centres (VIII−VIII). Also, the other unpaired electron of triplet fragments in 3/4 prefers to reside on the non‐bonding orbital on one of the V‐containing molecular fragments.
Zr‐Doped β‐MnO2 for Low‐temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3: Preparation, Characterization and Performance
Authors: Cheng Ting , Du Bo , Hu Yuting , Jiang Zhaozhong , Lu Jun , Zhu Chengzhu
Published: July 2024

Nanowire‐MnO2 and a series of Zr‐doped MnO2 catalysts with different Zr/Mn molar ratios were successively prepared by hydrothermal and impregnation methods. The Zr‐doped MnO2 catalyst with Zr/Mn molar ratio of 0.04 and calcination temperature of 400 °C, proved to be the optimal that possessed the highest low‐temperature denitration efficiency. It showed the NO conversion of ~92 % and N2 selectivity of ~80 % at 150 °C. Characterization results demonstrated that the main active phase of the catalyst was β‐MnO2, Zr atoms interacted with Mn atoms, and Zr doping increased the structural defects, oxygen vacancies and weak acid sites, which effectively enhanced the low‐temperature denitration activity and N2 selectivity of β‐MnO2, also improved the water and sulphur resistance to some extent.
Compressed representation of brain genetic transcription
Authors: Ruffle James K. , Watkins Henry , Gray Robert J. , Hyare Harpreet , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel , Nachev Parashkev
Published: July 2024

The architecture of the brain is too complex to be intuitively surveyable without the use of compressed representations that project its variation into a compact, navigable space. The task is especially challenging with high‐dimensional data, such as gene expression, where the joint complexity of anatomical and transcriptional patterns demands maximum compression. The established practice is to use standard principal component analysis (PCA), whose computational felicity is offset by limited expressivity, especially at great compression ratios. Employing whole‐brain, voxel‐wise Allen Brain Atlas transcription data, here we systematically compare compressed representations based on the most widely supported linear and non‐linear methods—PCA, kernel PCA, non‐negative matrix factorisation (NMF), t‐stochastic neighbour embedding (t‐SNE), uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), and deep auto‐encoding—quantifying reconstruction fidelity, anatomical coherence, and predictive utility across signalling, microstructural, and metabolic targets, drawn from large‐scale open‐source MRI and PET data. We show that deep auto‐encoders yield superior representations across all metrics of performance and target domains, supporting their use as the reference standard for representing transcription patterns in the human brain.
Evaluating campaign concepts aimed at replacing sugar‐sweetened beverages with water
Authors: Kelly Rebecca , Calabro Ryan , Beatty Lisa , Schirmer Kristy , Coro Daniel
Published: July 2024

Issue Addressed

The study addresses the global health concern of sugar overconsumption, particularly focusing on the prevalence of sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption among young people.

Methods

The study tested three different health promotion campaign concepts, designed to reduce sugar‐sweetened beverage intake and promote water consumption as a healthier alternative. A total of 402 young adults (18–29) were recruited from a university campus and an online panel. Participants were randomly assigned to view one of three campaign images: one advocating for substituting sugar‐sweetened beverages with water, and two exclusively promoting water consumption. These images were assessed through an online survey, which included questions on emotional response, salience, attitudes and intentions towards various beverages.

Results

Participants exposed to the campaign emphasising the benefits of water showed a greater intention to increase water consumption and reduce both sugar‐ and non‐sugar‐sweetened beverages compared with the other groups. There were no significant differences observed for the beverage choice task across the campaigns.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that messaging focusing on the benefits of water holds promise in encouraging healthier beverage consumption intentions among young adults. The lack of significant differences in the beverage choice task across the campaigns indicates a need for further research to explore long‐term behaviour change effects.

So What?

By highlighting the benefits of water consumption, campaigns may have the potential to positively influence beverage choices and promote healthier habits. Continued research in this area can provide valuable insights for developing more impactful interventions aimed at reducing sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption.
Empowering health care consumers & understanding patients' perspectives on AI integration in oncology and surgery: A perspective
Authors: Awuah Wireko Andrew , Aderinto Nicholas , Poornaselvan Jeisun , Tan Joecelyn Kirani , Shah Muhammad Hamza , Ashinze Patrick , Pujari Anushka G. , Bharadwaj Hareesha Rishab , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik , Atallah Oday
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming oncology and surgery by improving diagnostics, personalizing treatments, and enhancing surgical precision. Patients appreciate AI for its potential to provide accurate prognoses and tailored therapies. However, AI's implementation raises ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and the need for transparent communication between patients and health care providers. This study aims to understand patients' perspectives on AI integration in oncology and surgery to foster a balanced and patient‐centered approach.

Methods

The study utilized a comprehensive literature review and analysis of existing research on AI applications in oncology and surgery. The focus was on examining patient perceptions, ethical considerations, and the potential benefits and risks associated with AI integration. Data was collected from peer‐reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and expert opinions to provide a broad understanding of the topic. The perspectives of patients was also emphasized to highlight the nuances of their acceptance and concerns regarding AI in their health care.

Results

Patients generally perceive AI in oncology and surgery as beneficial, appreciating its potential for more accurate diagnoses, personalized treatment plans, and improved surgical outcomes. They particularly value AI's role in providing timely and precise diagnostics, which can lead to better prognoses and reduced anxiety. However, concerns about data privacy, ethical implications, and the reliability of AI systems were prevalent. Consequently, trust in AI and health care providers was deemed as a crucial factor for patient acceptance. Additionally, the need for transparent communication and ethical safeguards was also highlighted to address these concerns effectively.

Conclusion

The integration of AI in oncology and surgeryholds significant promise for enhancing patient care and outcomes. Patients view AI as a valuable tool that can provide accurate prognoses and personalized treatments. However, addressing ethical concerns, ensuring data privacy, and building trust through transparent communication are essential for successful AI integration. Future initiatives should focus on refining AI algorithms, establishing robust ethical guidelines, and enhancing patient education to harmonize technological advancements with patient‐centered care principles.
Looking back to look forward: Has the time arrived for active management of obstetricians in placenta accreta spectrum?
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , Downey Paul , Brennan Donal J.
Published: July 2024

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a relatively new obstetric condition which, until recently, was poorly understood. The true incidence is unknown because of the poor quality and heterogeneous diagnostic criteria. Classification systems have attempted to provide clarity on how to grade and diagnose PAS, but these are no longer reflective of our current understanding of PAS. This is particularly true for placenta percreta, which referred to extrauterine disease, as recent studies have demonstrated that placental villi associated with PAS have minimal potential to invade beyond the uterine serosa. It is accepted that PAS is a direct consequence of previous iatrogenic uterine injury, most commonly a previous cesarean section. Here, we “look back to look forwards”—starting with the primary predisposing factor for PAS, an iatrogenic uterine injury and subsequent wound healing. We then consider the evolution of definitions and diagnostic criteria of PAS from its first description over a century ago to current classifications. Finally, we discuss why modifications to the current classifications are needed to allow accurate diagnosis of this rare but life‐threatening complication, while avoiding overdiagnosis and potential patient harm.
Understanding and controlling chemical clogging in drip irrigation: Integrating experimental methods, density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Said Ben‐Aazza , Mohamed El Housse , Abdallah Hadfi , Brahim El Ibrahimi , Ilham Karmal , M'barek Belattar , Nassiri Mustapha , Darbal Sara , Adakhil Taibah , Riadi Yassine , Ali Driouiche
Published: July 2024

The chemical clogging of water drips is the main obstacle to the adoption and spread of microirrigation technology. The aim of this research is to understand the scaling phenomenon by identifying the substances responsible for emitter clogging using a combination of different methods of characterization and to investigate the effectiveness of a new product ‘Melacide P/2’ as a calcium carbonate scale inhibitor. A non‐electrochemical method from the Laboratory of Chemistry and Genie of the Environment (LCGE) was employed to investigate the effect of the inhibitor against calcium carbonate precipitation at 25°C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of Melacide P/2 on the scale morphology and crystalline phases. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to support the experimental results. Characterization techniques revealed that the scale recovered from the drips consisted mainly of calcium carbonate, a variety of calcite. The experimental data indicate the likelihood of preventing calcium carbonate precipitation after the addition of a very small amount (0.30 mg L⁻¹) of Melacide P/2 under the conditions of the experiment. XRD and SEM revealed that the inhibitor tested has the potential to disrupt or block regular CaCO3 crystal growth and transform a more stable and adherent scale of calcite to aragonite, which is easy to eliminate. The theoretical approach adopted supports the experimental findings. Therefore, Melacide P/2 could be used as a cost‐effective green‐scale inhibitor to protect microirrigation systems from unwanted scale formation.
Role of tourniquet release timing on blood loss and functional outcomes in total knee arthroplasty: Insights from a low‐ and middle‐income country
Authors: Ghazni Khan Muhammad Ahmed , Sulaiman Mohammad Ahsan , Zahid Marij , Kumar Suresh , Ahmad Tashfeen
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To identify the effect of releasing a tourniquet before versus after wound closure in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on blood loss, functional outcome and postoperative complications.

Methodology

A prospective cohort study was conducted including 53 patients from May 2023 to September 2023. All patients underwent unilateral TKA and were divided into two groups based on surgeon preference of deflating tourniquet, Group A consisted of patients in whom the tourniquet was deflated before wound closure for haemostasis and Group B consisted of patients in which tourniquet was deflated after wound closure and compressive dressing. Blood loss was evaluated via intraoperative blood loss (the number of soaked sponges/gauzes, blood in a suction bottle, total output in a suction bottle—irrigation used) and on‐field blood loss and calculated blood loss (Using Gross and Meunier's formula). The Functional outcome was evaluated using Knee injury and osteoarthritis score‐42 questions. Early postoperative complications and differences in the requirement of blood transfusions were also assessed.

Results

There was a significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. The median intraoperative blood loss was 135 mL (interquartile range [IQR]: 90–149) in Group A and 56.2 mL (IQR: 45–68) in Group B (p value: 0.001). However, no difference was found between the groups in calculated blood loss using Gross and Meunier's formula. The median calculated blood loss was 439 mL (IQR: 450–813) in Group A and 508 mL (IQR: 226–671) in group B (p value: 0.981). There was no significant difference between the groups in blood transfusion requirements or functional outcomes.

Conclusion

Based on our results, we conclude that the intraoperative blood loss in TKA is significantly different between the groups but only represents a fraction of true blood loss (23%). The timing of releasing the tourniquet does not affect functional outcomes, blood transfusion and postoperative morbidity; hence, any time can be opted as per surgeon preference.

Level of Evidence

Level II, prospective comparative study.
Addressing meniscal deficiency part 2: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on meniscal scaffold‐based approaches
Authors: Wu Kevin A. , Therien Aaron D. , Kiwinda Lulla V. , Castillo Christian J. , Hendren Stephanie , Long Jason S. , Amendola Annunziato , Lau Brian C.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Meniscal injuries are common in knee surgery and often require preservation techniques to prevent secondary osteoarthritis. Despite advancements in repair techniques, some patients undergo partial meniscectomy, which can lead to postmeniscectomy syndrome. To address these challenges, meniscal substitution techniques like scaffolds have been developed. However, a comprehensive synthesis of the existing evidence through an umbrella review is lacking.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR‐2 tool.

Results

A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Most studies focused on the use of collagen‐based scaffolds, with fewer studies evaluating synthetic scaffolds. The majority of studies (52.9%) were rated as having ‘Critically Low’ overall confidence, with only one study (5.9%) rated as ‘High’ confidence and most studies exhibiting methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes and lack of long‐term follow‐up. Despite these limitations, the majority of studies reported positive short‐term outcomes, including pain relief and functional improvement, following scaffold implantation. However, some studies noted a relatively high failure rate. Radiographically, outcomes also varied, with some studies reporting morphological deterioration of the implant seen on MRI, while others noted possible chondroprotective effects.

Conclusions

Meniscal scaffold‐based approaches show promise in the management of meniscal deficiency; however, the current evidence is limited by methodological shortcomings. One notable gap in the literature is the lack of clear guidelines for patient selection and surgical technique. Future research should focus on conducting well‐designed randomized controlled trials with long‐term follow‐up to further elucidate the benefits and indications of these techniques in clinical practice. Additionally, efforts should be made to develop consensus guidelines to standardize the use of meniscal scaffolds and improve patient outcomes. Despite limited availability, synthesizing the literature on meniscal scaffold‐based approaches is crucial for understanding research, guiding clinical decisions and informing future directions.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Real‐world outcomes of intensive induction approaches in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rojek Alexandra E. , McCormick Benjamin J. , Cwykiel Joanna , Odetola Oluwatobi , Abaza Yasmin , Nai Nhi , Foucar Charles E. , Achar Rohan K. , Shallis Rory M. , Bradshaw Danielle , Standridge Meaghan , Kota Vamsi , Murthy Guru Subramanian Guru , Badar Talha , Patel Anand A.
Published: July 2024

Core‐binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF‐AML) is characterized by the presence of inv(16)/t(16;16) or t(8;21) and is classified as a favorable risk by the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) guidelines. The CD33‐targeting antibody‐drug conjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), is commonly added to intensive chemotherapy (IC) in CBF‐AML. We sought to compare outcomes in patients treated with IC with or without GO in CBF‐AML. We included 200 patients with CBF‐AML treated with IC across seven academic centers. Induction treatment regimens were categorized as IC alone, IC with GO, or IC with KIT inhibitor (dasatinib or midostaurin). Median follow‐up for the whole cohort was 2.5 years. Three‐year overall survival (OS) was 70% and 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 51%. Patients treated with IC with GO experienced a 3‐year EFS of 50% compared to those treated with IC alone who experienced a 3‐year EFS of 47%, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.62). Similarly, those treated with IC with GO did not experience an improved OS compared to those treated with IC alone (p = 0.67). Patients treated with IC with KIT inhibitor experienced a significantly improved 3‐year EFS of 85% compared to those with IC with or without GO (p = 0.04). We find in our study that there is no survival benefit in patients treated with IC with the addition of GO; improved EFS was seen in patients with CBF‐AML treated with IC plus KIT inhibitors, consistent with outcomes noted in prospective studies utilizing this approach.
An approach for the diastereoselective synthesis of (R)‐(+)‐methyl pipecolate and (+)‐dextro‐erythrophacetoperane from (S)‐(−)‐methylbenzylamine
Authors: Aguilar‐Aguilar Alan , Carrasco‐Carballo Alan , Gnecco Dino , Rodríguez‐Matsui Hisami , Aparicio‐Solano David , Terán Joel L.
Published: July 2024

A diastereoselective synthesis for the preparation of (R)‐methyl pipecolate and dextro‐erythrophacetoperane, analogs of methylphenidate, drugs used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is reported. The key steps involve a high diastereoselective ring‐closing reaction via enolate formation and a diastereoselective ketone reduction reaction. The total synthesis of these valuable drugs could be obtained in only 5 and 8 steps, respectively, starting from (S)‐(−)‐methyl benzylamine.
Record‐breaking heatwave in North China during the midsummer of 2023
Authors: Wang Qian , Liao Zhen , Zhai Panmao , Peng Yu
Published: July 2024

In midsummer 2023, a record‐breaking extreme heatwave hit North China, causing significant impacts on people's daily lives and production. This study comprehensively analysed the unique features of this extreme event based on five indices describing the intensity, frequency and impact range. The results show that four of these indices broke the historical record in 2023, and the spatial extent (Tmax >40°C) is the second highest in history. The number of hot days with Tmax >40°C (Tmax >35°C) even reached 23 times (4.2 times) the normal. The combined results of these five indices undoubtedly indicate that this heatwave event is featured by high intensity, long duration, numerous extremely hot days and wide impact range. Furthermore, physical mechanism study revealed that the abnormally warm high‐pressure system persisted in dominating North China, resulting in descending airflow and temperature increases. The enhanced and unprecedented westward extending Western North Pacific Subtropical High, the enhanced and eastward extending Iran Subtropical High and the abnormal high‐pressure over southwestern China form an east–west connected anomalous high‐pressure zone, blocking the water vapour transport from lower latitude oceans to North China. Noticeably, North China has experienced a reduction in precipitation since about 2 months preceding this extreme heatwave, leading to severe soil moisture deficiency and reduced evaporation. Consequently, it increased surface sensible heat flux that led to a rise in temperature. This local land‐atmosphere positive feedback mechanism plays a crucial role in the intensification and maintenance of this extreme heatwave event.
Cutibacterium acnes invades submicron osteocyte lacuno‐canalicular networks following implant‐associated osteomyelitis
Authors: Botros Mina , de Mesy Bentley Karen L. , Schloemann Derek T. , Saito Motoo , Constantine Robert , Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Muthukrishnan Gowrishankar
Published: July 2024

Cutibacterium acnes, part of normal skin flora, is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing chronic prosthetic joint infections (PJI) associated with total hip and knee arthroplasty. However, there is a paucity of literature examining the pathogenesis of C. acnes during PJI. To study this, we developed an implant‐associated osteomyelitis murine model in which 8–10‐week‐old C57BL6 mice were subjected to transtibial implantation of titanium or stainless‐steel L‐shaped pins contaminated with C. acnes. Postsurgery, mice were killed on Days 14 and 28 for terminal assessments of (1) bacterial load in bone, implant, and internal organs (heart, spleen, kidney, and liver), (2) bone osteolysis (micro‐CT), (3) abscess formation (histology), and (4) systematic electron microscopy (EM). In vitro scanning EM (SEM) confirmed that C. acnes can form biofilms on stainless‐steel and titanium implants. In mice, C. acnes could persist for 28 days in the tibia. Also, we observed C. acnes dissemination to internal organs. C. acnes chronic osteomyelitis revealed markedly reduced bone osteolysis and abscess formation compared to Staphylococcus aureus infections. Importantly, transmission EM (TEM) investigation revealed the presence of C. acnes within canaliculi, demonstrating that C. acnes can invade the osteocyte lacuno‐canalicular networks (OLCN) within bone. Our preliminary pilot study, for the first time, revealed that the OLCN in bone can be a reservoir for C. acnes and potentially provides a novel mechanism of why C. acnes chronic implant‐associated bone infections are difficult to treat.
Relationships of race and area deprivation indices to outcomes in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Hasan Faria , Kim Vivian , Silver Ellen J. , Tomer Gitit
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are nonmedical factors that influence health outcomes. Children with chronic illnesses living with socioeconomic risk factors have higher rates of unfavorable health outcomes. Our study aimed to assess the association between area deprivation indices (ADI), as a proxy for SDOH, and outcomes in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted on 134 pediatric patients with IBD, ages 0–21 years. Explanatory variables were the patient's ADI and demographics. Outcomes were assessed from time of diagnosis over a 1‐year follow‐up period. The primary outcome was the ratio of missed to completed appointments; secondary outcomes were the numbers of IBD‐related emergency department (ED) visits and IBD‐related hospitalizations.

Results

Race/ethnicity was significantly associated with ADI (p < 0.001). In a multivariable regression model, no variables were associated with ratio of missed to completed appointments. Notably, ADI was not significantly associated with the ratio of missed to completed appointments. In a Poisson regression, Black (non‐Hispanic) and Hispanic race/ethnicity, Medicaid insurance, female gender, and lower age were significantly associated with more IBD‐related ED visits; ADI was not. In a similar model, Black (non‐Hispanic) race, Medicaid insurance status, and lower age were significantly associated with more IBD‐related hospitalizations; ADI was not.

Conclusions

In our cohort, ADI was not significantly associated with the ratio of missed to completed appointments, IBD‐related ED visits, and IBD‐related hospitalizations; however, race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, insurance, and gender were associated with these outcomes.
Twisted Stacking Metasurface for Complete Amplitude and Phase Control of Circularly Polarized Terahertz Waves
Authors: Hao Xiaoyuan , Xu Quan , Niu Li , Yao Zhibo , Liu Mai , Wu Tong , Yuan Xinyao , Chen Yupeng , Zhang Xueqian , Cheng Xiaomeng , Li Yanfeng , Li Quan , Zhang Weili , Han Jiaguang
Published: July 2024

Terahertz (THz) metasurfaces have emerged as a powerful tool for manipulating THz wavefronts, typically achieved by adjusting various geometric parameters. In this study, an approach is introduced by incorporating interlayer coupling into twisted stacking metasurface design to completely control the amplitude and phase of circularly polarized THz waves. By leveraging the interlayer coupling effect and the Pancharatnam–Berry phase, the study achieves efficient control over transmission phase and amplitude by simply adjusting the relative twist angle between paired C‐shaped split‐ring resonators. To validate the concept, a holographic metasurface is fabricated and characterized, providing experimental evidence of its THz wavefront manipulation capabilities. This design strategy presents a versatile and tunable solution for THz wave control, promising applications in a wide range of functional devices.
Simulation on Critical Frequency of Polymer in Electrostrictive Properties
Authors: Wang Yulong , Liu Tong , Wang Meng , Li Lili , Gao Junguo , Guo Ning , Zang Defeng , Liu Ji
Published: July 2024

The critical frequency and the relaxation time are analyzed through deformation and displacement during electrostriction which is induced by the electrical field at different frequencies. First, when the frequency is 50 Hz and the field strength is 2.5 kV mm−1, the electrostrictive displacement of polyethylene is 6.72 × 10−4 mm. After the data fitting, it is found that the displacement increases linearly with the square of field strength and that the proportional coefficient of 50 Hz is 1.08 × 10−4. Second, due to the influence of relaxation polarization and power loss, with the increase of frequency, the displacement and the proportional coefficient first increases then decreases, and when the frequency is 10 kHz, the displacement of 2.20 × 10−6 mm and the proportional coefficient of 3.51 × 10−7 have minimum values, which are 99.67% and 99.68% lower than that of 50 Hz, respectively. There is the critical frequency. Finally, based on the characteristic of anomalous dispersion, the relaxation time of polyethylene is 9.19 × 10−6s, which is in the time range of thermionic relaxation polarization and consistent with the actual situation. This analysis confirms the quantitative relationship between electrostrictive characteristics, field strength, and polarization. In addition, the relationship between frequency and strain is discussed, and the critical frequency in polymer and the relaxation time are confirmed.
From Wilson's Disease to Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Involuntary Movements, Different Genetic Interpretations in a Female Patient
Authors: Jin Shan , Sun Zhengzhe , Fang Xiang , Yang Wenming , Fang Shuzhen , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2024

Background

A 19‐year‐old female patient presented at 2 years of age with dysarthria, incoherent speech, and unsteady ambulation. She is prone to leaning backward when walking and has involuntary movements of the whole body. Besides, she has poor numeracy skills. She has been diagnosed with Wilson's disease (WD) in China and Japan.

Objective

The objective of this study was to further clarify the diagnosis of this patient.

Methods

The patient and her parents were detected with whole‐exome sequencing.

Results

Based on the genetic test results, genetic analyses, and clinical manifestations, a diagnosis of WD in this patient was ruled out. The patient was eventually diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements.

Conclusions

This study reinterprets the genetic test results of a young female patient and leads to reflections on the genetic diagnostic criteria for WD: the Leipzig score is suitable for the diagnosis of most WD patients, and the genetic testing section of the score is of great diagnostic value. However, in some special cases, the proband and their first‐degree relatives should further complete cosegregation analysis to determine the origin of the lesion gene and to verify the reliability of the genetic test. In addition, this study suggests that further improving the scoring rules of the gene testing part of the Leipzig scoring system may be more helpful in achieving an accurate diagnosis of WD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Clinical and genetic variability among Bulgarian patients with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix–Saguenay
Authors: Chamova Teodora , Ivanova Neviana , Cherninkova Sylvia , Koleva Maya , Zlatareva Dora , Bojinova Veneta , Mihova Kalina , Georgiev Martin , Ferdinandov Dilyan , Bichev Stoyan , Kaneva Radka , Mitev Vanio , Jordanova Albena , Tournev Ivailo
Published: July 2024

Background

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia ofCharlevoix–Saguenay (ARSACS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterizedby early‐onset cerebellar ataxia, peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, and lowerlimb spasticity. We present clinical andgenetic data of the first Bulgarian patients diagnosed with ARSACS by wholeexome sequencing (WES).

Methods

Variant filtering was performed usinglocally established pipeline and the selected variants were analysed by Sangersequencing. All patients underwent clinical examination and testingincluding the standard rating scales for spastic paraplegia and ataxia.

Results

Five different SACS gene variants, three of which novel, have been identified inpatients from three different ethnic groups. In addition to the classicalclinical triad, brain MRI revealed cerebellar atrophy, linear pontineT2‐hypointensities, and hyperintense rim lateral tothalamus combined with retinal nerve fiber layer thickening on opticcoherence tomography (OCT).

Conclusion

We expand the mutation, geographic, and phenotypic spectrum of ARSACS, adding Bulgaria to the world map of the disease, and drawing attention to the fact that it is still misdiagnosed. We demonstrated that brain MRI and OCT are necessary clinical tests for ARSACS diagnosis, even if one of the cardinal clinical features is lacking
Omnichannel services in the presence of customers' valuation uncertainty
Authors: Liu Huan , Cao Ping , Wang Yaolei
Published: July 2024

With the advancement of online‐ordering technology, an increasing number of service providers are transforming to sell services through online channels alongside traditional offline stores. Our paper studies this emerging business model (also known as omnichannel services) in which customers can choose between online and offline ordering. We develop a queueing‐game‐theoretic model to evaluate the performance of omnichannel systems in terms of throughput and social welfare when customers strategically choose their ordering channels in the presence of service valuation uncertainty. We also contrast omnichannel services with single‐channel services, that is, online‐only and offline‐only services. Our analysis yields the following main insights. First, although customers run the risk of making suboptimal decisions and suffering from unexpected losses when they are uncertain about their service valuations, we find that all customers would be better off in expectation with an increasing level of service valuation uncertainty. Second, while social welfare improves as ordering online becomes more convenient in some cases, it (even online customer welfare) can also be worse off in others, especially when the system operates under heavy congestion, because customers' self‐interested channel choice behavior would impose significant negative congestion externalities among customers. Third, despite the fact that omnichannel services provide customers with an additional, more convenient ordering channel option in comparison with conventional offline‐only services, we find that, somewhat surprisingly, adopting omnichannel services does not necessarily guarantee improvement in social welfare. Finally, we discuss two alternative modeling assumptions to demonstrate the robustness of our main insights.
Professional development sessions increased teacher knowledge and confidence to include agriculture in core curricular courses
Authors: Bowling A. M. , Klooster W. , Lindsey A. J.
Published: July 2024

Agricultural systems are complex and can be used as examples to teach science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) concepts. However, inclusion of agriculture in core STEM courses is often limited. Three professional development sessions for K‐12 teachers were offered in 2021–2022 (hybrid or remote sessions) and repeated in 2022–2023 (in‐person sessions) to highlight ways that agricultural plant production systems could be incorporated into core courses like biology, environmental science, chemistry, and math. Teacher participants asked how knowledge level and confidence were influencing their inclusion of agriculture into STEM courses before and after the sessions, and gains in knowledge on content‐based questions were also evaluated. Response rates in Year 1 ranged from 8.0% to 38.5%, and usable response rates in Year 2 ranged from 47% to 68%. The availability of lessons or activities and teacher content knowledge both increased teacher likelihood to incorporate in three sessions. However, the additional time needed to incorporate new lessons was identified as affecting the likelihood to incorporate materials after the Year 1 ecology session. Teacher confidence to incorporate agricultural lessons or activities into their courses increased in four of the sessions, though teachers became more aware that limited resources are available to help increase adoption. Awareness of how agriculture can be used to meet learning standards also improved teacher confidence in four sessions. Average score on knowledge‐based questions increased in all six sessions, but was only significant for two sessions. These sessions were successful at increasing teacher knowledge and confidence to incorporate agriculture into STEM courses.
Physiological response during exercise is preserved in children exposed to a suboptimal gestational environment
Authors: Saidj Soraya , Ruchat Stephanie‐May , Henderson Mélanie , Tremblay Angelo , Mathieu Marie‐Eve
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study investigated whether exposure to suboptimal gestational factors (SGFs) alters mechanical efficiency (ME) and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise in children as a mechanism contributing to obesity.

Methods

Data from the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort were used. Children aged 8 to 10 years performed an incremental maximal cycling test with indirect calorimetry. Their ME was measured during submaximal and maximal effort. The substrate oxidation during rest and submaximal effort was also computed. ME and substrate oxidation results between children exposed to each SGF during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus: n = 68; hypertensive disorders: n = 49; maternal smoking: n = 77) and nonexposed children (n = 370) were compared.

Results

No difference was observed for ME during submaximal (F[3,540] = 0.46, p = 0.713) and maximal effort (F[3,545] = 0.86, p = 0.463) between exposed and nonexposed children. The percentage contributions of lipids and carbohydrates did not differ during rest (F[3,545] =1.68, p = 0.169) or submaximal exercise (F[3,544] = 0.31, p = 0.534) between exposed and nonexposed children.

Conclusions

Children exposed to investigated SGFs display a similar physiological response regarding ME and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise compared to nonexposed children. Future studies should confirm these novel results and continue investigating other research avenues to explain the higher risk of obesity in this population.
Age of obesity onset affects subcutaneous adipose tissue cellularity differently in the abdominal and femoral region
Authors: Murphy Jessica , Dera Abdulrahman , Morais José A. , Tsoukas Michael A. , Khor Natalie , Sazonova Taisiia , Almeida Lucas Guimarães , Cooke Alexandra B. , Daskalopoulou Stella S. , Tam Bjorn T. , Santosa Sylvia
Published: July 2024

Objective

We aimed to examine the effect of age of obesity onset, sex, and their interaction on abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) morphology (degree of adipocyte hyperplasia or hypertrophy).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we isolated adipocytes via collagenase digestion from abdominal and femoral SAT biopsies taken from male and female adults with childhood‐onset obesity (CO; n = 8 males, n = 16 females) or adult‐onset obesity (AO; n = 8 males, n = 13 females). Regional body composition was measured with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and a single‐slice abdominal computed tomography scan. Mean adipocyte size was measured in abdominal and femoral SAT and was used to quantify morphology in android and gynoid subcutaneous fat, respectively.

Results

Abdominal SAT morphology was more hyperplastic in females with CO than females with AO (p = 0.004) but did not differ between males with CO and males with AO (p = 0.996). Conversely, femoral SAT morphology was more hypertrophic in males and females with CO than those with AO.

Conclusions

Age of obesity onset appears to affect SAT morphology differently in the abdominal and femoral regions of male and female adults. Our findings challenge the notion that SAT is uniformly hyperplastic in CO and hypertrophic in AO.
Impact of Flap Size and Comorbidities on Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap Outcomes
Authors: Ruffin William , Gal Thomas J.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Use of the supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) in head and neck reconstruction has increased in recent years. Limited but improving experience among reconstructive surgeons with the procedure have exposed numerous issues associated with flap success. The objective of this study is to examine the role of flap size on viability.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Tertiary Academic Medical Center.

Methods

Review of patients undergoing SCAIF reconstruction between January 2014 and March 2022 was performed. Flap failure was defined as >50% skin paddle loss. The total flap surface area was examined. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the association of other variables associated with flap failure.

Results

Eighty‐nine supraclavicular island flaps were reviewed. Mean patient age was 63.2 ± 11.4 years. Fifty‐five (61.2%) were male. Forty‐five flaps (50.6%) were used for the reconstruction of defects of the skin of the neck/face. Twenty‐nine flaps (32.6%) were utilized for defects of the pharynx/oropharynx, and 15 (16.9%) were utilized for oral cavity defects. Flap success rate was 94% (73/89). Flap site was not associated with flap failure (P = .46). Flaps >25 cm2 were 75% more likely to be successful. Multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of flap size in the context of other co‐morbidities indicated flaps >25 cm2 were 3.6 times more likely to succeed regardless of co‐morbidities, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a 7‐fold risk of flap failure (odds ratio: 7.3, 1.72‐30.98, P = .007).

Conclusion

An association with improved flap outcomes and larger skin paddles was observed in this series. The applicability of these observations to smaller flaps and larger series with more surgeons requires further study. Co‐morbidities, particularly, COPD, continue to impact flap outcomes.
Recent advances to engineer tough basalt fiber reinforced composites: A review
Authors: Chen Changjie , Ding Yi , Wang Xinhou , Bao Limin
Published: July 2024

Basalt fibers, known as “green materials without pollution in the 21st century”, have gained widespread attention due to its good mechanical properties. Basalt fiber‐based composites have applications in various fields such as construction, transportation, energy, and protection. However, as an inorganic fiber material, basalt fiber is hard and brittle and prone to catastrophic failure, reducing the safety of the material. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the toughness of basalt fiber‐based composites. This paper reviews the contributions made by researchers in recent years to enhance the toughness of basalt fiber reinforced composites. It mainly focuses on four aspects: physical and chemical modification of fibers surface, mixed application of multiple fibers, different textile and 3D printing technology, and design of biomimetic structures. Through these methods, the toughness of basalt fiber‐reinforced composite materials was increased by 10%–90%. In today's advocacy for green industrial development, the research and application of basalt fibers are very important for advancing the process of green development. These contributions can promote the application of basalt fiber in engineering fields.

Highlights

Basalt fiber is a green material without pollution.

Basalt fiber reinforced composites is the key material for engineering field.

Strengthening interfacial adhesion can significantly improve the toughness of composites.

Basalt fibers can serve as an alternative to glass fibers in composite materials.

The hybridization of basalt fibers with soft fibers can effectively enhance the toughness of composites.