bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INDIA 1800–2001
Authors: Sheel Alok
Published: February 2008

The following comparative table, relating to the year 1995, will show that India is one of the biggest countries in the world in terms of geographical size, population and economy (on purchasing power parity basis). It is the second most populous country in the world, after China.
PAKISTAN'S ECONOMY, TRADE AND MANAGEMENT — AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Qayyum Farrakh
Published: February 2008

Pakistan has made significant progress since its birth in 1947, keeping in mind the enormous difficulties it was confronted with at that time. Pakistan's development has not been commensurate with its potential. The formation of Pakistan, as is the case with a number of developing countries in Asia, South America and Africa, is a story of betrayal by its politicians and leaders, the mismanagement and inefficiencies of economic managers, and the pilferage of national wealth and resources by the privileged and influential. This has been compounded by external shocks: the increase of oil prices during the late 1970s, the international recession during the late 80s, and recent economic sanctions against Pakistan. The country is, therefore, now straddled with numerous economic, social and political problems.
BANGLADESH: JOURNEY TOWARDS SONAR BANGLA
Authors: Shehabuddin K.M.
Published: February 2008

Bangladesh is a young nation in an ancient land. A flourishing entrepot in trade and commerce between South Asia and the Far East, Bangladesh has been famed as a land of plenty since ancient times. In 1757, when the British conquest of India began in Bengal, Bengal was already known for the manufacturing of fine fabrics and other products. The Bengalis made a significant contribution in the fields of entrepreneurship, learning, art, and culture.
GENERATIONAL COMPARISON: XERS IN THE UNITED STATES AND KOREA
Authors: Mitchell Mark , Hastings Barbara , Tanyel Faruk
Published: February 2008

Cultural convergence continues to transform the marketplace as borrowing among cultures accelerates. It is valuable to evaluate groups of residents of different nations to identify generational similarities and/or differences. This manuscript presents the results of a pilot study comparing Generation X in the United States, and South Koreans who fit the age requirements for membership (born between 1961–1981). The focal points for the study include: Financial wealth, family, spirituality and religion, and society. The areas of agreement and disagreement are identified, results interpreted, and implications for marketers explored.
JOB SATISFACTION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Jabnoun Naceur , Yen Fook Chan
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting job satisfaction among teachers at three selected secondary schools in Selangor. We also seek to determine the relationships between the factors of job satisfaction and certain demographic variables. The instrument used in this study was an adapted version of the job satisfaction questionnaire used by Yu (1989). The questionnaire was administered to 135 teachers from three secondary schools in Ampang, Selangor. The data was analysed using percentages, ANOVA (one‐way analyses of variance), t‐tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.
THE EFFECT OF PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS ON JOB SATISFACTION: A STUDY AMONG MALE MANAGERS IN THE KUWAIT OIL INDUSTRY
Authors: Al‐Ajmi Rashed
Published: February 2008

The present study is an empirical evaluation of job satisfaction among the managers involved in the oil industry in Kuwait. The study was conducted on 153 full‐time managers selected from three different oil companies. Mean student's t‐test, Scheffe test, and One‐Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to analyze the data. The result indicates that there were significant differences found with regard to age, years of experience, managerial rank, and education.
FIVE REASONS TO DO BUSINESS WITH NORTH KOREA
Authors: Choe Sang T. , Huff Kelly D.
Published: February 2008

North Korea is moving in the direction of an open market as China did a generation ago. With a substantial population of 22 million, the country has abundant natural resources and an affordable labor force that are attractive to contract manufacturers, importers of retail goods, and contractors of large turnkey projects. North Korea's strategic location in the Far East offers enormous savings in transportation cost for multinational firms wishing to ship goods to Southeast Asia and Europe. Five reasons to do business with North Korea are analyzed in the report.
THE DECISION CRITERIA FOR THE OWNERSHIP CONTROL ENTRY MODE FOR TAIWANESE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN THE UNITED STATES: AN APPLICATION OF THE LOGIT MODEL AND AHP
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Tien , Cheng Yung‐Ming
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this paper is to study the ownership entry mode decision in the United States made by firms in Taiwan. A total of 398 companies were sampled and included in the mail survey, with usable responses received from 105. We find the asset specificity and the strategic investment motivations are the most important decision criteria for the ownership control entry mode choice for Taiwanese manufacturing firms in the United States. When the stronger the U.S. strategic investment motivations and the higher the asset specificity, the higher the likelihood of Taiwanese manufacturing firm's entry through full‐ownership control mode. Finally, in our conclusion, we propose relevant implications for practice and research.
THE HISTORY, PRESENT DAY APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE OF PROPERTY LAW
Authors: Mattei Ugo
Published: February 2008

Property law, as it varies from country to country throughout the world, is thought to be as different as the people of those nations. But in essence, most property law has the same substance; it is only different in form. The idea behind Basic Principles of Property Law: A Comparative Legal and Economic Introduction is that there is a basic comparative framework of how property law has developed in successful countries such as Britain, Germany, Italy, and America. This basic framework is what a country, transitioning from communism, could use to help set up its own property law, based on the centralized ideas of the other countries. This project is not the sole idea of author Ugo Mattei, of the University of Turin, Italy. Rather, the book is a project sponsored by the Constitutional and Legislative Policy Institute in Budapest. These common legal and economic ideas, problems, and solutions can help nations develop a legal foundation for a new working market.
ASSESSING ECONOMIC COOPERATION ORGANIZATION (ECO) PERFORMANCE: 1992–1997
Authors: Bahaee Mahmood S. , Saremi Mabmoud
Published: February 2008

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) has been hailed by local politicians in Central Asia as an important economic integration in the region with significant economic and political implications for the area. This study presents a preliminary assessment of ECO performance for the period of 1992–1997 based on reported trade data, as well as the opinion survey of a small group of business people and government officials. Conclusions and authors' opinion will also be presented.
ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY, THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION OF BUSINESS VENTURES AND PERFORMANCE
Authors: Yusuf Attahir
Published: February 2008

Business ventures fuel economic growth and national prosperity. Yet, these ventures face increasing environmental uncertainty. This paper, using data from the Arabian Gulf Sultanate of Oman, tests the notion that firms need and will respond to uncertain situations with greater entrepreneurship. Doing so will improve the performance level of such firms. The conclusions reached in the paper affirm the relationship among uncertainty, entrepreneurial orientation and performance. However, there is some variation among industries. Manufacturing organizations have responded with greater entrepreneurial intensity in the face of uncertainty and attained higher performance levels than commercial enterprises.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS AND BETA AND SIZE EFFECT
Authors: Xu Lianzan
Published: February 2008

This study examines the ability of fundamental summary measure Pr to predict earnings change for the subsequent year, the association of Pr and stock returns, and the relationship between Pr and risk factors beta and size. Pr is a probability index generated by logistic model and financial statement data. Beta effect is minimized by grouping firms into beta portfolios while size is controlled through incorporating size as an independent variable in the regression models. Evidence from the study indicates that Pr has a strong ability to predict future earnings change and has a positive and significant association with adjusted market returns, after controlling for beta. Pr's association with adjusted market returns is mitigated when beta and size are controlled simultaneously.
INTERNATIONAL THREATS TO COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Dean Jonathan
Published: February 2008

This paper reflects on three categories of international threats to competitiveness: armed violence, environmental, and social and economic threats. The paper offers solutions to reduce or minimize these threats.
BEST INTENTIONS, BLIND INTERVENTIONS: A CRASH COURSE — LESSONS FROM & FOR FOREIGN FORAYS AND BUSINESS: BERLIN 1945 TO BAGHDAD: & NEXT?
Authors: Adie MA W.A.C
Published: February 2008

Roots of global Terrorism are in ‘failed’ states carved out of multiracial empires after World Wars I and II in name of ‘national self‐determination’. Both sides in the Cold War competed to exploit the process of disintegration with armed and covert interventions. In effect, they were colluding at the expense of the ‘liberated’ peoples. The ‘Vietnam Trauma’ prevented effective action against the resulting terrorist buildup and blowback until 9/11. As those vultures come home to roost, the war broadens to en vision overdue but coercive reforms to the postwar system of nation states, first in the Middle East. Mirages of Vietnam blur the vision; can the sole Superpower finish the job before fiscal and/or imperial overstretch implode it?
Cordless Telephones: Extending Reference Service
Authors: Alley Brian
Published: February 2008

Not so many years ago libraries with busy telephone reference services installed telephone jacks at strategic points near the card catalog and close to major indexes. Librarians on reference duty were supplied with small, lightweight head sets which they took with them when a telephone question necessitated a check of the card catalog or some consultation involving an index or telephone directory.
Electronic Mail Systems: Communication Networks For Libraries
Authors: Trudell Libby
Published: February 2008

The term “Electronic Mail System,” or EMS, has many different definitions. In introducing this topic which will be a regular feature of LHT, it is useful to define the scope of that term, at least enough to give readers some idea of what to expect.
Dartmouth College: The BRS Link
Authors: Fayen Emily
Published: February 2008

Do you remember when you were a student and you needed five books on some topic for a term paper before tomorrow? After five years of planning and three years of development, the Dartmouth College Library is now making this problem a thing of the past. In fact, at Dartmouth the computer will almost write the paper for you, but that's another story.
Inhouse Systems in Libraries 1982:
Authors: Baker Barry B.
Published: February 2008

This bibliography of recent articles is the result of a survey of the literature on in‐house systems for the year 1982. The articles and monographs included were selected to provide the latest information on systems in existence or being planned by libraries of all types: academic, public, special and school.
Acquisitions Fund Accounting on a Word Processor
Authors: Niles Judith
Published: February 2008

The application of a specific word processor to one library's acquisitions fund accounting and reporting functions is described. The fund structure, report formats, and mangagement data reports have been designed locally for the specific needs of a specific library. The system provides flexibility for accommodating different requirements at other institutions.
LIAS — Library Automation with an Integrated Design
Authors: Cline Nancy
Published: February 2008

Through a single computerized system, the Libraries Information Access System (LIAS) provides integrated access to a range of information functions in support of services at all libraries of the Pennsylvania State University. It supports both academic and administrative needs. Its design facilitates access to all components through a common terminal. In development since 1975 by the University Libraries, LIAS is a fully interactive system, providing immediate information about collections and transactions.
EBSCONET at Cuyahoga County Public Library
Authors: Lowell Virginia , Eaglen Audrey
Published: February 2008

Cuyohoga County Public Library, consisting of 27 branches and a central administration building, installed EBSCONET in early 1980. With a reduction of staff, the system has increased performance in claiming, in placing new orders during a year, and in securing current information on serial titles. The system also provides current information on a specific serial in all system libraries or information on all serials in any one library. Access to the EBSCO Missing Copy Bank is also facilitated.
Cataloging Marketplace
Authors: Luthin Patricia
Published: February 2008

Once upon a time (the mid‐1960s) a Cataloging Department had only two major places to obtain catalog cards: the Library of Congress (proofsheets or sets of unit cards) and the H.W. Wilson Company (full sets of cards using the Dewey classification). Thus everyone was filing proofsheets, copying them into card sets, ordering cards from L.C., taking Polaroid pictures of the National Union Catalog, or checking lists of available Wilson cards.
Michigan Information Transfer Source: Fee‐Based Information Service
Authors: Beaubien Anne K.
Published: February 2008

Founded in 1980, Michigan Information Transfer Source primarily provides information services to corporations and industries for a fee. Requests requiring in excess of 15 minutes help are candidates for this service. This program complements and does not compete with other library programs and services. It is totally self‐supporting, although all staff are subject to University policies and benefits.
Information Industry Careers in 2000: An Interview With S. Norman Feingold
Authors: Surprenant Tom
Published: February 2008

Dr. S. Norman Feingold is President of National Career and Counseling Services in Washington, DC. He is author of over 45 books, hundreds of articles, and is a frequent speaker and consultant in the guidance field. His most recent book is Emerging Careers: New Occupations for the Year 2000 and Beyond published by Garrett Park Press, Garrett Park, Maryland 20896. The interview with Dr. Feingold is based on this book with particular emphasis on the nature and future of work.
Digital Facsimile: Columbia Law Library and Pacific Northwest Library Facsimile Network
Authors: Tracy Janet , Dejohn William
Published: February 2008

With recent developments in digital facsimile technology, its use for interlibrary communication is being re‐examined by some librarians. Faster communications speeds, better quality of reproduction, and increased standardization of equipment are among the advantages of the new generation digital equipment. These two reports from Columbia University's Law Library and the Pacific Northwest Library Facsimile Network focus on different concerns. Tracy's study emphasizes equipment selection criteria while DeJohn's describes operational problems and considerations in actual use.
Telefacsimile in Libraries: A Review of Current Literature
Authors: Tracy Janet
Published: February 2008

These articles are arranged by year. The technology developed in 1979 makes pre‐1979 articles rather obsolete; however they might apply to an institution choosing to buy analog rather than digital equipment. No citation earlier than 1978 is included.
Vendor‐Based Retrospective Conversion at George Washington University
Authors: Lisowski Andrew
Published: February 2008

In May 1982, the Gelman Library of George Washington University initiated circulation services on a DataPhase A LIS‐II automated library system. This article discusses the conversion of records to machine‐readable format and the linking of physical items requisite to installing the system. Two vendors were selected to support two components of the conversion project, which are described.
PLAN: Shared Automated Circulation System in California
Authors: Kershner Lois
Published: February 2008

The eight public library systems in the County of San Mateo, California have joined together under a Joint Powers Agreement (JPA) for the purchase of a shared automated circulation system. This mutual effort, known as the Peninsula Libraries Automated Network (PLAN), is an effective cooperative library network for the planning, operation, and use of the system. Background information about PLAN member libraries and the circulation system of choice are described, followed by discussion of the basic components of this cooperative effort: 1) Joint Powers Agreement and organizational structure; 2) jurisdiction responsibilities and financial planning; 3) database and policy areas requiring joint decision; and 4) current areas of concern, and benefits to date.
Polyester Encapsulation Using Ultrasonic Welding
Authors: Minter William
Published: February 2008

Mylar polyester encapsulation is generally regarded as the simplest and most reversible method for reinforcement of brittle paper. The author describes the system developed over ten years ago for the Library of Congress, and current enhancements.
Automated Circulation of Unbound Periodicals: A Survey of Practices
Authors: Tracy Joan
Published: February 2008

Libraries, both public and academic, deciding to circulate unbound periodicals in an automated circulation system, must develop procedures for handling individual issues. A survey of 232 public and academic libraries, using four major turnkey systems, revealed that most public libraries circulate or plan to circulate unbound periodicals in an automated system while most academic libraries do not. Most libraries are satisfied with automated circulation of unbound periodicals. Methods used by public libraries are summarized; those employed by academic libraries are described. The procedures developed at the Eastern Washington University Library are explained in detail.
Bibliographic Utilities in the 1980's
Authors: Schultz Lois
Published: February 2008

The major bibliographic utilities in North America were established in the 1970s. What role are they playing in the 1980s? This select bibliography provides a synopsis of what is happening in the world of bibliographic utilities.
Direct Broadcast Satellites: An Interview with Hartford Gunn
Authors: Surprenant Tom
Published: February 2008

The use of satellites to broadcast television programs and provide other information services directly to the home has been recently approved by the Federal Communications Commission. This new technological innovation is known as direct broadcast by satellite (DBS) and will go into limited operation during 1984. The Satellite Television Corporation (STC), a subsidiary of COMSAT, is the company that will be providing the first national satellite to home television network in the United States. In this interview with Hartford Gunn, Vice‐President of Program Development for STC, the concept of DBS is explored. As discussed in this interview, DBS holds potential for librarians. There is no doubt that another element in the telecommunications web is coming into place as we move further into the Third Wave.
The Application of Centralized Text Editing and Electronic Mail Systems in Libraries: The CMU Experience
Authors: Michalak Thomas J.
Published: February 2008

In 1981, the Carnegie‐Mellon University Libraries began to expand their usage of CMU's central computing facilities. This paper describes the utilization of three software packages resident on the University's central computers: text editing, text formatting, and electronic mail. The advantages of utilizing central computing resources, the introduction and training in computing systems within the Libraries, and specific computing applications are described. The advantages of electronic mail for organizational communication are discussed, as well as the problems.
Full Circle; Or, The Last Shall Be First
Authors: Stevens Norman
Published: February 2008

In 2075, to mark the upcoming 200th anniversary of the start of organized library service in the world, the Universal Libinfosci Association, successor to the old American Library Association, which was also founded in 1876, appointed a special committee to schedule a series of events marking that important anniversary. The following is a brief account of the outcome of one of those events. It is a remarkable tale that suggests how we have come full circle in the provision of library services and how, indeed, the last shall be first!
Automated Resource Sharing in Massachusetts:
Authors: Dugan Robert , Bjørner Susan
Published: February 2008

The process of developing a computer based resource‐sharing program for Massachusetts is described. Activities include the development and linking of bibliographic databases, the establishment of document request and delivery procedures, and the provision of computer literacy/training for librarians. Standards, funding, governance, egislation and public information components of the plan are also reviewed.
Transborder Data Flow: An Interview with Jane Yurow
Authors: Surprenant Tom
Published: February 2008

Jane H. Yurow is Director of Jane Yurow Associates, Chevy Chase, Maryland, consultants in telecommunications and information policy. Formerly, she was Director, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Privacy Guidelines Project, and Senior Policy Analyst at the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce (NTIA). At NTIA she worked on both domestic and international telecommunications policy. Ms. Yurow has a B.A. from Barnard College and an L.L.B. from Yale Law School and is a member of the Connecticut and District of Columbia Bars. Her mailing address is Suite 302, 6917 Arlington Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.
Identifying Needed Technical Standards: The LITA TESLA Committee at Work
Authors: Carter Ruth C.
Published: February 2008

The efforts of the Technical Standards for Library Automation Committee (TESLA), a division‐wide committee of the Library Information and Technology Association (LITA) of the American Library Association, is described. The current status and recommended action of suggested technical standards are detailed. Activities leading to a TESLA‐sponsored program at the 1985 annual meeting of ALA are outlined.
Automating the Region: A Report on the Seminar
Authors: Dunkle Rebecca , McLoughlin Catherine
Published: February 2008

The steps requisite to automating a region are outlined by Richard Boss. The initial step is a needs accessment, the components of which are listed. Typical cost elements and telecommunication options are reviewed. The importance of timetables and the scope of decision making are stressed. The IRVING Library Network Project is briefly described.
Ringling School of Art and Design Builds a CASTLE
Authors: Morse Yvonne , Davis Wendy
Published: February 2008

The CASTLE (Computer Automated Software for the Total Library Environment) System was developed and installed in the Ringling School of Art and Design Library from March, 1983 through September, 1983. The System is divided into six main areas: Circulation, On‐Line Catalog, Inventory and File Maintenance, Audio/Visual Equipment, Accounting, and Information and Management Reporting. Written from the distinct points of view of both programmer and librarian, this article describes the project's beginning phases, then how it developed as a unified effort and, finally, became a reality. The capabilities, flexibility, and completeness of the system are demonstrated.
Technology for the Handicapped: Selection and Evaluation of Aids and Devices for the Visually Impaired
Authors: Bekiares Susan E.
Published: February 2008

Citations are presented to recent sources, both books and articles, dealing with the problems of providing library services to the disabled, especially to the visually impaired, and to sources which describe technological equipment in detail. Also suggested are ways to identify libraries which use the equipment, in order to obtain evaluative information.
The Telecommunications Information Center at George Washington University: A Prototype
Authors: Sessions Judith A. , Haworth Cathy
Published: February 2008

Growing need for telecommunications information has resulted in the establishment of a specialized Center at George Washington University. Used by students and faculty from several programs at George Washington University, the Center also supports research inquiries from other corporate, governmental and academic libraries in the Washington, DC area.
OCLC's Local Library System: LS/2000
Authors: Lutz Marilyn
Published: February 2008

The four major subsystems of OCLC's LS/2000 are described. These include: 1) multibranch circulation and online catalog searching, 2) online cataloging and authority file maintenance, 3) management report generation, and 4) system set up parameters that translate local library policy and customize the system. All functions access a common integrated database.
OCLC and Local Systems — The Product, the People: A Self‐Assessment
Authors: Bova Spies Phyllis
Published: February 2008

The Director of the Local Systems Division of OCLC reviews development activities since early 1983. The purpose of the division is reaffirmed within the context of OCLC's broad charter. The staff structure and the commitment to continuing software development are described.
Search Helper: Sancho Panza or Mephistopheles?
Authors: Pisciotta Henry , Evans Nancy , Albright Marilyn
Published: February 2008

Search Helper was selected as a system for introducing the Carnegie‐Mellon University community to do‐it‐yourself database searching. Use of Search Helper was offered without charge to CMU students and faculty. User satisfaction and reaction to the service were monitored with a simple survey. Preliminary results of the survey are reported along with critical evaluations of the system's capabilities and performance. Search Helper proved extremely popular with library users. Specific suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of this gateway software package focus upon the type of documentation and error messages available to users.
Microcomputers in an Academic Setting: The Computer Initiative at Drew University
Authors: Snelson Pamela
Published: February 2008

The factors involved in establishing the Computer Initiative at Drew University are discussed, including: development of faculty concensus for the program, selection of hardware, and identification of applicable software.
Voice Response Systems Technology
Authors: Gerald Jeanette
Published: February 2008

Voice output technology has attained levels of surprising sophistication and quality at reasonable costs. Examined in this article are two methods of generating synthetic speech: phoneme and reconstructed voice systems. Applications, on both levels, are discussed. Accompanying the article are a glossary, directory, list of sources for further reading, as well as an introduction to IOCS, a leader in voice output systems.
The LC MARC Database on Video Laserdisc: The MINI MARC System
Authors: Pezzanite Frank A.
Published: February 2008

The size of the LC MARC database and requisite indexes is discussed. The “old” MINI MARC system that provided inhouse access to this database is described and illustrated. This system has now been replaced with one using two 12‐inch laserdisc players. The characteristics and advantages of this “new” system are reviewed, as is the process for developing the laserdisc database.
Apple Sider: Affordable Hard Disk Storage for Small Libraries
Authors: Dewey Patrick R.
Published: February 2008

The Sider, a reasonably priced hard disk Apple‐compatible storage system, will overcome the capacity limitations of floppy discs. The Sider provides ten megabytes of support for functions such as word processing, document storage and retrieval, and electronic bulletin boards.
Developing Inhouse Systems Using Micros
Authors: Michels Fredrick
Published: February 2008

With inexpensive (sometimes free) programs available that meet the needs of most libraries, almost any library can afford to introduce microcomputer based automation. Utilizing software such as dBASE II, almost any librarian can learn to write or modify programs to meet specific needs. This article contains two sidebars which contain programs to produce serials lists and to analyze serials collections. The programs are written for the IBM PC‐XT.
A Regional Bibliographic Database on Videodisc
Authors: Freund Alfred L.
Published: February 2008

The initial creation of a union catalog containing 600,000 unique titles and 1.8 million physical items; the conversion of this database to interactive laserdisc; and the resultant advantages, are described. The application of laserdisc technology (discussed in this article) is thought to be the first of its kind. It will become widely emulated by other library systems.
The I.S.I.S. SilverPlatterSMService: Confronting a New Technology (Part 2)
Authors: Lightbown Parke P.
Published: February 2008

A symbiotic relationship exists between libraries and technology companies that serve libraries. Libraries make “needs statements” to which technology organizations respond. Two needs are 1) reduced costs for information technology hardware and software, and 2) fixed costs. The I.S.I.S. SilverPlatterSM Service is designed to meet these needs. The “3Rs” of library technology companies: relationship, role, and responsibility, are described with respect to the development of the SilverPlatter Service.
Projecting Library Automation Costs
Authors: Drabenstott Jon
Published: February 2008

Five consultants address the challenge of projecting automation costs. The various cost‐components of automation are identified, as are the factors that contribute most to cost miscalculation. Rules‐of‐thumb for projecting costs, and the risk associated with their use, are reviewed. The importance of life‐cycle planning is stressed.
The CD‐ROM Services of SilverPlatter(tm) Information, Inc.
Authors: Allen Robert J.
Published: February 2008

The SilverPlatter system is a complete, stand‐alone system, consisting of an IBM (or compatible) personal computer, a CD‐ROM drive, software, and one or more databases. The search and retrieval software is logical, powerful, and simple. Very large databases, such as ERIC and PsycLIT, will soon be available on the system for “local” installation in schools, libraries, and (even) psychiatrists' offices.
Storing “Outer Space” Data on Laser Disc
Authors: Ryland Jane N.
Published: February 2008

The types of information that can be stored on a laserdisc are discussed, with special emphasis given non‐textual data applications in science and technology. The capturing and manipulation of images (and related information) derived from the Voyager encounter with Uranus is a current application of laserdisc technology.
Selecting an Electronic Mail System
Authors: McGee Jenny , Cummings Chuck
Published: February 2008

About 75 percent of all telephone calls are not completed on the first attempt. Electronic mail offers an attractive and (often) cost‐effective alternative to voice communications. Important criteria in selecting a service are ease of use, ease of access, system features, and costs. The experience of MEDLINK in selecting and implementing an electronic mail service is described.
Educational Information Utilities: Assessing the Potential
Authors: Dede Christopher
Published: February 2008

This article introduces the concept of the education utility and explores the various methodologies that such a utility might employ to deliver services to subscribers. The potential uses of a utility and its possible advantages (and disadvantages) are also considered.
CD‐ROM: A Revolution in the Making
Authors: Helgerson Linda W.
Published: February 2008

Although many of the CD‐ROM discs produced during 1985 were prototypes or demonstration discs, more than 50 discs were available by the end of 1985. A number of CD‐ROM products were marketed in 1985, and at least 20 of the 1985 prototypes will be marketed during 1986. Possibilities for the use of such an efficient distribution mechanism are fust beginning to unfold.
Designing User Manuals for the Online Public Access Catalog
Authors: Seiden Peggy , Sullivan Patricia
Published: February 2008

The writer of functional documents must make both macro‐ and micro‐level judgments: decisions about the format and layout of the document as well as decisions about the wording of each passage. The four steps in producing a document are: 1) Analysis, 2) Planning, 3) Development, and 4) Evaluation, Testing, and Revision. To demonstrate the application of these four steps, the authors describe the process of developing and revising a brochure to guide library patrons in conducting an author search on an online public access catalog.
The Objective Request‐for‐Proposal
Authors: Taylor James B.
Published: February 2008

A Request‐for‐Proposal (RFP) performs four functions, including preparing staff for systems implementation. Traditional RFPs have been characterized by detailed performance (functional) and hardware specifications, but these RFPs may not adequately address differences in systems design, philosophy, expandability, and related issues. They also discourage vendor responses. An alternative “objective RFP” (and its benefits/ liabilities) is discussed.
The LSP/SNI Test Facility
Authors: Denenberg Ray
Published: February 2008

Vendors who are implementing the Standard Network Interconnection (SNI) protocols for computer to computer communications can now test their implementation against the LSP/SNI Test Facility, which has been developed by the Library of Congress. The facility is intended to verify the correct functioning of the SNI protocols for the Open System Interconnection (OSI) layers. The development and use of the Test Facility are discussed.
Mapping Information Delivery Networks: The Objectives, the Methods, the Benefits, and the Model
Authors: Murr L.E. , Williams J.B. , Miller R.E.
Published: February 2008

In response to the need to summarize the use of information/telecommunications technologies, to understand these technologies, and to comprehend the extent of public information delivery systems in use or in place in a region of the Pacific Northwest, the authors have designed a compact atlas. This atlas combines data and information blocks with information technology graphics blocks and maps showing the actual locations of information delivery systems. The atlas, entitled “Information Highways: Mapping Information Delivery Networks in the Pacific North west,” provides a model for assimilating large volumes of information dealing with generic topics. This model utilizes maps of text and graphics to create a pictorial context for conceptualizing what exists and what might exist.
Electronic Document Delivery: OCLC's Prototype System
Authors: Hickey Thomas B. , Calabrese Andrew M.
Published: February 2008

OCLC has developed a CD‐ROM‐based system for the storage, distribution, and retrieval of documents. The system stores an ASCII copy of the text of the original document. It also stores page make‐up and font definition codes. These codes are used to control an inexpensive laser printer in the production of copies that closely resemble the original document. The authors discuss trends in the information equipment and printing industries that will govern the future application of this technology.
Common Sense Wordworking: Writing with a Personal Computer
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Writing with a Personal Computerpersonal computers, in and out of business, is word processing, which the author feels might more accurately be thought of as wordworking. That is also the area in which personal computers can be the most helpful to a library or a professional user. It is likely that there are more programs available for wordworking than for any other personal computing task. The author discusses some of the problems occasional writers experience, how a personal computer can help overcome them, features that professional writers should look for in a word processor, and how word processing works. Four contemporary word processing systems are used as examples. This material is excerpted from Crawford's book Common Sense Personal Computing: A Handbook for Professionals (copyright 1986 by Walt Crawford), to be published by Pierian Press this year.
Quality Control in Developing an Interinstitutional Database
Authors: Calk Jo
Published: February 2008

The establishment of quality control mechanisms, the definition of qualitative standards and objectives, and the monitoring of systems to assure compliance with those standards and objectives are important issues to be faced by organizations that are implementing, or planning to implement, multi‐institutional databases. The development of quality control measures by the Western Library Network is described in detail.
Vending Database Searching with Public Access Terminals
Authors: LaBorie Tim , Donnelly Leslie
Published: February 2008

CompuVend equipment has been modified by Drexel University to charge different rates for searching online databases, depending on the pricing levels of the databases. The equipment is user‐operated, provides automatic log‐on and password protection, and works with either dollar bill or debit card reader.
Computer‐Assisted Instruction in Libraries:
Authors: FitzGerald Patricia A. , Arnott Patricia , Richards Deborah
Published: February 2008

Computer assisted instruction (CAI) is a powerful technology that librarians have been quick to discover. However, surprisingly little quality software exists for library applications. Librarians are faced by the necessity of designing their own software to support specific objectives. The design and production of CAI software involves numerous steps, which are discussed in this article.
DYNIX Automated Library Systems
Authors: Sybrowsky Paul , Wilson Keith
Published: February 2008

DYNIX is an integrated library system that supports cataloging, authority control, circulation, public access, and serials functions. The system is built around a common relational database with integrated report generation. Designed for the Pick operating system, DYNIX can be run on a wide variety of computers. The system operates in both multi‐branch and multi‐type library settings.
Integrating a CD‐ROM into an Inhouse Library System: Sirsi's Lasertap™
Authors: Young Jacky
Published: February 2008

Sirsi Corporation has developed a CD‐ROM interface for its integrated library system that provides access to MARC databases now available in that format. The MARC databases can be used in either an online or interactive mode. In the online mode, a host computer directly accesses the CD‐ROM via a microcomputer. In the interactive mode, a staff member selects records from the CD‐ROM and uploads them to a host computer.
Laser Disks at the Library Door: The Microsoft First International Conference on CD‐ROM
Authors: Miller David C.
Published: February 2008

CD‐ROM was first demonstrated in the United States in November 1984. Since then many organizations, including agencies of the Federal government, have embraced the technology, and an increasingly large and diverse product base is emerging. In March 1986, Microsoft Corporation sponsored a major conference on the topic, which was attended by almost 1000 persons. The registration fee of $900 precluded most librarians from attending. David Miller provides a thorough report on the conference, and a complete directory of participants, for the benefit of those who could not attend.
Standards: Where are We Headed?
Authors: Sugnet Chris
Published: February 2008

Standards are important in all areas of library automation. Standards will facilitate the linking of different types of systems within one library as well as systems that perform similar functions in different libraries. Stephen Salmon (Carlyle), George Sidman (INLEX), Richard Woods (Biblio‐Techniques), Mike Monahan (Geac), Richard Goldberg (CLSI), Stephen M. Silberstein (Innovative Interfaces), and M.E.L. Jacob (OCLC) express their views on existing standards, and the need for and probable course for developing additional standards.
Retrospective Conversion: Issues and Perspectives
Authors: Drabenstott Jon
Published: February 2008

Automation planners need to view retrospective conversion from an informed and balanced perspective. They must consider: 1) the technical dimensions of retrospective conversion, 2) the appropriate standards to employ, 3) the proper relationship of conversion activities to the entire automation project, and 4) options available for converting a bibliographic database into machine‐readable format. Six prominent consultants provide important advice on this topic.
Performance and Capacity of Centralized and Distributed Online Catalogs: Part 1 — Centralized Online Catalogs
Authors: Epstein Hank
Published: February 2008

The design of an online public access catalog greatly affects the performance and capacity requirements of the computer system. The characteristics of traditional menu and command‐driven systems that most affect performance are explained.
Electronic Document Interchange and The AAP Electronic Manuscript Project
Authors: Sperling Martin J.
Published: February 2008

The dramatically expanding use of personal computers and word processors has made it easier to create and revise text. However, the diversity of technologies and device incompatibilities have resulted in problems in exchanging and processing these electronically created documents. Providing a solution to this dilemma was the focus of the AAP Electronic Manuscript Project. The resulting standards are described and illustrated.
Benchmark and Acceptance Tests: Why and When to Use Them
Authors: Matthews Joseph R.
Published: February 2008

Acceptance and benchmark tests will provide important assurances that an automation system will meet defined performance requirements. Three acceptance tests should be required by a library and performed by the vendor: 1) a system reliability acceptance test, 2) one or more functional performance acceptance test, and 3) a full load response time acceptance test. Additionally, a library may require that benchmark tests be conducted after a vendor has been selected, but before a computer is installed in the library, if the vendor does not have installed systems comparable to the library's requirements, or if other similar systems have not previously met the library's performance objectives.
TOMUS: The System's Design and Features
Authors: Salmon Stephen R.
Published: February 2008

The Online Multiple User System (TOMUS) is an integrated turnkey library system, consisting of both hardware and software. It is modular, operating on multiple microprocessors combined in a unique and efficient manner. Downtime is minimized. Performance can be optimized by positioning additional processors to support specific library functions that require additional computing capacity. Online catalog, cataloging and authority functions are currently supported. Circulation software will be released in late 1986. Other modules will follow soon.
Common Sense Wordworking II: The FinalWord II, WordPerfect 4.1, and PC‐Write 2.5
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Librarians and other professionals preparing complex documents benefit from sophisticated wordworking systems. A small handful of wordworking systems provide unusually flexible print formatting and text handling. The author considers two such programs, The FinalWord II and WordPerfect 4.1. The two programs achieve somewhat similar ends through distinctly different means. WordPerfect has a wider variety of unusual text‐manipulation capabilities, while The FinalWord offers more varied formatting capabilities and much greater user control. The two programs are compared with each other; and their editing functions are compared with PC‐Write. Time trials show some of the strengths and weaknesses of each editor.
MicroLIAS: Beyond the Online Public Access Catalog>
Authors: Freivalds Dace I. , MacKinnon Carson Sylvia
Published: February 2008

MicroLIAS is an extension of LIAS (Library Information Access System), the integrated mainframe‐based library system developed at the Pennsylvania State University Libraries. MicroLIAS is microcomputer software that emulates the mainframe LIAS online catalog by extending its indexing and searching power to the personal computer. On the micro, personalized databases can be created and maintained. The use of MicroLIAS reduces demand on the mainframe by supporting work and storing information for local applications or subsequent uploading to the mainframe.
MAGGIE III: The Prototypical Library System
Authors: Dowlin Kenneth E.
Published: February 2008

Maggie III is an integrated system that supports a public access catalog, cataloging interface, bibliographic maintenance, circulation, electronic mail, and community information databases. Acquisitions and serials modules are under development. The system, available from the Eyring Research Institute, is based on software created for the Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries (CARL). Sidebars describe 1) the structure of the community information databases, 2) the planned use of the CARL software by other libraries in Colorado, and 3) the mounting and use of the non‐bibliographic database, “A Matter of Fact”, on the CARL system.
Information Technology: A Survey from the Perspective of Higher Education
Authors: Van Houweling Douglas E.
Published: February 2008

Information technology that cost a million dollars in 1950 will be available in the year 2000 for ten dollars. Developments in software, while not as much noticed, have been at least as remarkable as developments in computer hardware. The current and near‐term realities related to computing hardware, communication technology, storage technology, software, and the human‐computer interface are described and placed in context.
The Use of Facsimile Equipment in an Illinois Library Network
Authors: Wainer Margaret A.
Published: February 2008

Facsimile is a type of electronic equipment that can send and receive documents over ordinary telephone lines. A facsimile machine converts a document into electrical signals and transmits those signals to a second machine, where the signals are converted into paper copies of the original document. The original may be printed, typed, handwritten or drawn; the copy is an exact duplicate. The Facsimile Transmission Project, which has involved a growing number of Illinois libraries of all types, is described. Costs of various options for requesting and delivering documents are discussed and compared.
Common Sense Outline Processing
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

A good outline processor can serve creativity and help to clarify thinking. The malleability of the screen and computer memory make it easy to add new ideas, try different organizations, and view a project or document at any appropriate level. Outline processors can help bridge the gap between spontaneous ideas and organized results. In his tenth Common Sense Computing article, the author discusses the ways that outline processors are used, what they do, and what features to look for.