bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge Caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus spp. Infections in a Pediatric Patient as a Complication of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zaj Natalia , Kopyt Weronika , Kamizela Emilia , Zarychta Julia , Kowalczyk Adrian , Lejman Monika , Zawitkowska Joanna
Published: September 2024

Fungal infections constitute a significant challenge and continue to be a predominant cause of treatment failure in pediatric leukemia cases. Despite the implementation of antifungal prophylaxis, these infections contribute to approximately 20% of cases in children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of this study is to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with invasive fungal infections (IFIs). We also present a review of the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and a clinical presentation of IFI in patients with ALL. This case report details the clinical course of confirmed Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Aspergillus spp. infections during the consolidation phase of ALL treatment in a 5-year-old pediatric patient. This male patient did not experience any complications until Day 28 of protocol II. Then, the patient’s condition deteriorated. Blood culture detected the growth of C. albicans. Despite the implementation of targeted therapy, the boy’s condition did not show improvement. The appearance of respiratory symptoms necessitated a computed tomography (CT) of the chest, which revealed multiple nodular densities atypical for C. albicans etiology. In spite of ongoing antifungal treatment, the lesions depicted in the CT scans showed no regression. A lung biopsy ultimately identified Aspergillus species as the source of the infection. Overcoming fungal infections poses a considerable challenge; therefore, an accurate diagnosis and the prompt initiation of targeted therapy are crucial in managing these infections in patients with leukemia.
The Genus Ravenelia: Insights on Taxonomy, Diversity and Distribution
Authors: Avasthi Shubhi , Gautam Ajay Kumar , Verma Rajnish Kumar , Rajeshkumar Kunhiraman C. , Niranjan Mekala , Sharma Amita , Karunarathna Samantha Chandranath , Suwannarach Nakarin
Published: September 2024

Ravenelia is the third largest rust genus of the order Pucciniales with more than 200 described species. It is an important rust genus that has undergone tremendous taxonomic changes. This genus produces teliospores united into a head on a compound pedicel composed of two to several hyphae with autoecious, macro-, demi- to hemi-, and, more rarely, microcyclic modes of their life cycle which provide it a unique identity and have proved helpful in the identification of the genus. The current understanding of the taxonomy, history, diversity and distribution of this genus is discussed in this paper. Both online and offline resources were searched to gather data of the published literature. The data thus obtained were analyzed for numerical and graphical summaries to provide the diversity and distribution of the genus. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS and nLSU DNA sequence data available in GenBank and the published literature was performed to examine the taxonomic placement of different species within the genus. The genus was reported to be distributed over 53 countries of the world. Around 51 plant genera belonging to four plant families, viz., Fabaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Asphodelaceae and Zygophyllaceae were found to be infected with these rust fungi. The phylogenetic analysis based on LSU and ITS sequence data revealed the polyphyletic nature of the genus. A table of 248 species of this genus is also provided with all information of host, distribution and cited reference that can be helpful for mycologists to find all information at one place. Future perspectives for the advancement of this genus are also discussed.
Alternative Strategies for Delivering Immunotherapeutics Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint in Cancer
Authors: Hoshi Ryunosuke , Gorospe Kristyna A. , Labouta Hagar I. , Azad Taha , Lee Warren L. , Thu Kelsie L.
Published: September 2024

The programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint constitutes an inhibitory pathway best known for its regulation of cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ T cell-mediated immune responses. Engagement of PD-L1 with PD-1 expressed on CD8+ T cells activates downstream signaling pathways that culminate in T cell exhaustion and/or apoptosis. Physiologically, these immunosuppressive effects exist to prevent autoimmunity, but cancer cells exploit this pathway by overexpressing PD-L1 to facilitate immune escape. Intravenously (IV) administered immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that block the interaction between PD-1/PD-L1 have achieved great success in reversing T cell exhaustion and promoting tumor regression in various malignancies. However, these ICIs can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to off-tumor toxicities which limits their therapeutic potential. Therefore, considerable effort has been channeled into exploring alternative delivery strategies that enhance tumor-directed delivery of PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs and reduce irAEs. Here, we briefly describe PD-1/PD-L1-targeted cancer immunotherapy and associated irAEs. We then provide a detailed review of alternative delivery approaches, including locoregional (LDD)-, oncolytic virus (OV)-, nanoparticle (NP)-, and ultrasound and microbubble (USMB)-mediated delivery that are currently under investigation for enhancing tumor-specific delivery to minimize toxic off-tumor effects. We conclude with a commentary on key challenges associated with these delivery methods and potential strategies to mitigate them.
Pharmacometrics to Evaluate Dosing of the Patient-Friendly Ivermectin CHILD-IVITAB in Children ≥ 15 kg and <15 kg
Authors: Golhen Klervi , Buettcher Michael , Huwyler Jörg , van den Anker John , Gotta Verena , Dao Kim , Rothuizen Laura E. , Kobylinski Kevin , Pfister Marc
Published: September 2024

The antiparasitic drug ivermectin is approved for persons > 15 kg in the US and EU. A pharmacometric (PMX) population model with clinical PK data was developed (i) to characterize the effect of the patient-friendly ivermectin formulation CHILD-IVITAB on the absorption process and (ii) to evaluate dosing for studies in children < 15 kg. Simulations were performed to identify dosing with CHILD-IVITAB associated with similar exposure coverage in children ≥ 15 kg and < 15 kg as observed in adults receiving the reference formulation STROMECTOL®. A total of 448 ivermectin concentrations were available from 16 healthy adults. The absorption rate constant was 2.41 h−1 (CV 19%) for CHILD-IVITAB vs. 1.56 h−1 (CV 43%) for STROMECTOL®. Simulations indicated that 250 µg/kg of CHILD-IVITAB is associated with exposure coverage in children < 15 kg consistent with that observed in children ≥ 15 kg and adults receiving 200 µg/kg of STROMECTOL®. Performed analysis confirmed that CHILD-IVITAB is associated with faster and more controlled absorption than STROMECTOL®. Simulations indicate that 250 µg/kg of CHILD-IVITAB achieves equivalent ivermectin exposure coverage in children < 15 kg as seen in children ≥ 15 kg and adults.
Bio-Innovative Modification of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Fabric Using Enzymes and Chitosan
Authors: Čorak Ivana , Tarbuk Anita , Flinčec Grgac Sandra , Dekanić Tihana
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the activation of surface groups of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers in woven fabric by hydrolysis and their functionalization with chitosan. Two types of hydrolysis were performed—alkaline and enzymatic. The alkaline hydrolysis was performed in a more sustainable process at reduced temperature and time (80 °C, 10 min) with the addition of the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride as an accelerator. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using Amano Lipase A from Aspergillus niger (2 g/L enzyme, 60 °C, 60 min, pH 9). The surface of the PET fabric was functionalized with the homogenized gel of biopolymer chitosan using a pad–dry–cure process. The durability of functionalization was tested after the first and tenth washing cycle of a modified industrial washing process according to ISO 15797:2017, in which the temperature was lowered from 75 °C to 50 °C, and ε-(phthalimido) peroxyhexanoic acid (PAP) was used as an environmentally friendly agent for chemical bleaching and disinfection. The influence of the above treatments was analyzed by weight loss, tensile properties, horizontal wicking, the FTIR-ATR technique, zeta potential measurement and SEM micrographs. The results indicate better hydrophilicity and effectiveness of both types of hydrolysis, but enzymatic hydrolysis is more environmentally friendly and favorable. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis led to a 20% reduction in tensile properties, while the action of the enzyme resulted in a change of only 2%. The presence of chitosan on polyester fibers after repeated washing was confirmed on both fabrics by zeta potential and SEM micrographs. However, functionalization with chitosan on the enzymatically bioactivated surface showed better durability after 10 washing cycles than the alkaline-hydrolyzed one. The antibacterial activity of such a bio-innovative modified PET fabric is kept after the first and tenth washing cycles. In addition, applied processes can be easily introduced to any textile factory.
Recognition and Characterization of Nanoscale Phases: Modulus Mapping of Asphalt Film in Pavement Mixture Cores
Authors: Wang Ming , Wang Yuxuan , Guo Jingxuan , Xing Chengwei , Zou Lingyun , Tian Shuaituan
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to recognize and characterize the nanoscale phase modulus mapping of the asphalt film in pavement mixture cores using atomic force microscopy quantitative nanomechanical technology. The pavement core samples from the upper and middle layers of four highways and laboratory samples were taken as the research object. The phase modulus–macro property correlation of recovered asphalt was analyzed using mathematical statistics. The results showed that the pavement core samples had more significant multi-phase and diversified phase characteristics compared to lab samples. This indicated that the asphalt in the pavement core had an obvious phase separation phenomenon due to aging. The phase modulus of each sample was distributed across a relatively wide numerical range, and there were also many numerical points with large fluctuations. Especially for the mixture sample containing SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene)-modified asphalt, the phase modulus distribution mappings presented a multi-peak phenomenon. Hence, considering the distribution characteristics of the data, the box plot method was introduced. Compared with quantified results from laboratory samples, the phase modulus of SBS-modified asphalt increased by 0.96 times, 1.18 times and 1.15 times, and that of base asphalt increased by 0.59 times, 0.56 times, 0.42 times, 1.24 times and 0.39 times, respectively. This indicates that the aging degree of asphalt in the upper layer was generally greater than that of the asphalt in the middle layer and that there was an aging gradient in the direction of pavement depth. All points were within the 95% confidence band in terms of correlation fitting, indicating a better fitting effect between phase modulus and complex shear modulus, as well as between phase modulus and penetration. This research provides innovative ideas for future multi-scale numerical simulation and cross-scale performance model development of asphalt binders.
Thermal and Catalytic Recycling of Plastics from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment—Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Achilias Dimitris S. , Charitopoulou Maria-Anna , Ciprioti Stefano Vecchio
Published: September 2024

The amount of end-of-life electrical and electronic devices has been widely increased, globally. This emphasizes how recycling waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) is essential in order to reduce the amount of WEEE that is disposed of directly in the environment. Plastics account for a big percentage in WEEE, almost 20%. As a result, the application of recycling methods on plastics gathered from WEEE is of great importance since, in this way, landfill disposal can be reduced. Nevertheless, despite the advantages, there are a lot of difficulties, such as the variety of different plastics present in the plastic mix and the existence of various additives in the plastic parts, for instance, brominated flame retardants that need special attention during their treatments, which restricts their wide application. Considering all these, this review aims to provide readers with all the current techniques and perspectives that are available for both the thermal and the catalytic recycling of plastics retrieved from WEEE. Apart from the up-to-date information on the recycling methods, in this review, emphasis is also given on the advantages each method offers and also on the difficulties and the limitations that may prevent them from being applied on a large scale. Current challenges are critically examined, including the use of mechanical or thermo-chemical recycling, the treatment of individual polymers or polymer blends and the separation of harmful additives before recycling or not. Finally, emerging technologies are briefly discussed.
A Review of the Establishment of Effective Conductive Pathways of Conductive Polymer Composites and Advances in Electromagnetic Shielding
Authors: Nan Xiaotian , Zhang Yi , Shen Jiahao , Liang Ruimiao , Wang Jiayi , Jia Lan , Yang Xiaojiong , Yu Wenwen , Zhang Zhiyi
Published: September 2024

The enhancement of the electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE) for conductive polymer composites (CPCs) has garnered increasing attention. The shielding performance is influenced by conductivity, which is dependent on the establishment of effective conductive pathways. In this review, Schelkunoff’s theory on outlining the mechanism of electromagnetic interference shielding was briefly described. Based on the mechanism, factors that influenced the electrical percolation threshold of CPCs were presented and three main kinds of efficient methods were discussed for establishing conductive pathways. Furthermore, examples were explored that highlighted the critical importance of such conductive pathways in attaining optimal shielding performance. Finally, we outlined the prospects for the future direction for advancing CPCs towards a balance of enhanced EMI SE and cost–performance.
Paper-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Rapid Multi-Channel Detection of Tetracycline Based on Graphene Quantum Dots Coated with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Wang Linzhe , Hu Jingfang , Wei Wensong , Song Yu , Li Yansheng , Gao Guowei , Zhang Chunhui , Fu Fangting
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we developed a paper-based fluorescent sensor using functional composite materials composed of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) coated with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the selective detection of tetracycline (TC) in water. GQDs, as eco-friendly fluorophores, were chemically grafted onto the surface of paper fibers. MIPs, serving as the recognition element, were then wrapped around the GQDs via precipitation polymerization using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the functional monomer. Optimal parameters such as quantum dot concentration, grafting time, and elution time were examined to assess the sensor’s detection performance. The results revealed that the sensor exhibited a linear response to TC concentrations in the range of 1 to 40 µmol/L, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.87 µmol/L. When applied to spiked detection in actual water samples, recoveries ranged from 103.3% to 109.4%. Overall, this paper-based fluorescent sensor (MIPs@GQDs@PAD) shows great potential for portable, multi-channel, and rapid detection of TC in water samples in the future.
The Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cellulose Composites Accompanied by Spray Feeding of Biomasses
Authors: Xu Jiali , Liu Xiaodi , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a broadly utilized natural nanofiber produced by microbial fermentation, but its high-cost and low-yield production and limited function still hinder its application. Here, we used the spraying-assisted biosynthesis method to introduce biomass nanofibers along with the nutrient media to the fermenting BC. Biomass nanofibers could be cellulose, chitosan, and others. They entangled with BC nanofibers via intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen binding and electrostatic adsorption, to form uniform BC composites. The BC composites achieved an enhanced yield of ~140 wt% compared with pure BC and displayed similar excellent mechanical properties (Young’s moduli = 0.9–1.4 MPa for wet films and =~6500 MPa for dried films). BC composites also had similar high crystallinity and thermal stability to pure BC. The functional groups of biomasses endowed BC composite additional functions such as antibacterial and dye-adsorption capabilities. Moreover, a high yield and functionalization could be realized simultaneously by feeding functional cellulose nanofibers. This method provides a facile way to produce BC composites with low cost, high yield, and multiple functions.
Chitosan siRNA Nanoparticles Produce Significant Non-Toxic Functional Gene Silencing in Kidney Cortices
Authors: Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Tavakoli Naeini Ashkan , Dwivedi Garima , Lesage Frederic , Buschmann Michael D. , Lavertu Marc
Published: September 2024

Chitosan shows effective nucleic acid delivery. To understand the influence of chitosan’s molecular weight, dose, payload, and hyaluronic acid coating on in vivo toxicity, immune stimulation, biodistribution and efficacy, precisely characterized chitosans were formulated with unmodified or chemically modified siRNA to control for innate immune stimulation. The hemocompatibility, cytokine induction, hematological and serological responses were assessed. Body weight, clinical signs, in vivo biodistribution and functional target knockdown were monitored. Hemolysis was found to be dose- and MW-dependent with the HA coating abrogating hemolysis. Compared to cationic lipid nanoparticles, uncoated and HA-coated chitosan nanoparticles did not induce immune stimulation or hematologic toxicity. Liver and kidney biomarkers remained unchanged with chitosan formulations, while high doses of cationic lipid nanoparticles led to increased transaminase levels and a decrease in body weight. Uncoated and HA-coated nanoparticles accumulated in kidneys with functional knockdown for uncoated chitosan formulations reaching 60%, suggesting potential applications in the treatment of kidney diseases.
Psychometric Study of Two Decision-Making Measures: The Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire versus the General Decision-Making Style Questionnaire
Authors: Aluja Anton , Balada Ferran , García Oscar , García Luis F.
Published: September 2024

This study compares the Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) and the General Decision-Making Style questionnaire (GDMS), two of the most widely used decision-making questionnaires in the literature, in a large age- and sex-weighted general population sample of 714 men (45.7%) and 848 women (54.3%) between 18 and 90 years old. The objective was to evaluate the convergent and construct validity between several aspects of these decision-making style questionnaires. The results indicate that the two questionnaires replicate the factorial structure of four and five factors reported in the original studies, respectively, through exploratory and confirmatory procedures in our cross-cultural context. The domains of both questionnaires that represent a strong or large correlation are Vigilance with Rational (0.50), and Hypervigilance, Buck-passing, and Procrastination with Avoidant (0.45, 0.52, and 0.60). A Structural Equations Model (SEM) between both questionnaires indicates that both latent factors formed by the domains of the MDMQ and the GDMS obtain a correlation of 0.96. It is concluded that the two questionnaires measure similar aspects of the decision-making construct.
Moral Injury as a Precondition for Reconciliation: An Anthropology of Veterans’ Lives and Peacemaking
Authors: Kiper Jordan
Published: September 2024

In this article, I rely on religious existential philosophy to make sense of the moral restoration expressed by combat veterans who engage in reconciliation with former enemies after suffering from moral injury. Moral injury is the persistent feeling of having betrayed one’s deepest moral values. Anthropological research and analyses of combat veterans’ testimony suggest that moral injury may be associated with reconciliation, which is considered here as a manifestation of an inner transformation akin to existential philosophies of striving for moral authenticity. Specifically, it is argued that Thomas Merton’s defense of living a morally authentic life, which constitutes a process of moving from spiritual woundedness to social engagement with the other, parallels the transition of combat veterans involved in postconflict reconciliation efforts. Given this correspondence, existential moral transformation is considered alongside the anthropology of peace for explaining moral injury as a precondition for reconciliation, notably after armed conflict.
A Space–Time Coding Array Sidelobe Optimization Method Combining Array Element Spatial Coding and Mismatched Filtering
Authors: Wang Shenjing , He Feng , Dong Zhen
Published: September 2024

Digital array radar (DAR) can fully realize digitalization at both the transmitting and receiving ends. However, the development of freedom at the transmitting end is far from mature. So, the new concept of multi-dimensional waveform coding array has appeared, which can optimize the transmitting resources in space–time/frequency waveform or another dimension. Space–time coding array (STCA) is a typical kind of multi-dimensional waveform coding array, which can make full use of the high degree of freedom at the transmitting end. It realizes emission diversity by introducing a small time delay between different transmission array elements. In this paper, an optimization method for STCA, which combines the array spatial coding at the transmitting end and mismatched filter design at the receiving end, is proposed. This method aims to solve the sidelobe problems of STCA: the inherent resonance phenomenon and the resolution loss problem. The experimental verification and quantitative comparative analysis prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The resolution is restored to the ideal level under the premise of maintaining the beam-scanning ability and ultra-low sidelobe, and the resonance phenomenon caused by spectrum discontinuity is eliminated simultaneously.
Identifying the Characteristics and Implications of Post-Earthquake Debris Flow Events Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Jin Wen , Zhang Guotao , Ding Yi , Liu Nanjiang , Huo Xiaowei
Published: September 2024

Strong earthquakes often bring amounts of loose material, disrupting the balance of material transportation within a watershed and severely impacting the restoration of the ecological environment and human safety downstream. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the frequency and scale of these debris flow events, as well as to explore their long-term development and impact on internal and external channels. Using multi-source remote sensing images from four perspectives, hillslope, channel, accumulation fan, and their relationship with the mainstream, we reconstructed a debris flow event dataset from 2008 to 2020, explored a method for identifying these events, and analyzed their impacts on channels and accumulation fans in Mozi Gully affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. Loose matter was predominantly found in areas proximate to the channel and at lower elevations during debris flow events. Alterations in channel width, accumulation fans downstream, and their potential to obstruct rivers proved to be vital for identifying the large scale of debris flow event. Finally, we encapsulated the evolution patterns and constraints of post-earthquake debris flows. Determination in frequency and scale could offer valuable supplementary data for scenario hypothesis parameters in post-earthquake disaster engineering prevention and control.
A Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network Relative Radiometric Calibration Based on Temporal Information
Authors: Tang Lei , Zhao Xiangang , Hu Xiuqing , Luo Chuyao , Lin Manjun
Published: September 2024

Due to the continuous degradation of onboard satellite instruments over time, satellite images undergo degradation, necessitating calibration for tasks reliant on satellite data. The previous relative radiometric calibration methods are mainly categorized into traditional methods and deep learning methods. The traditional methods involve complex computations for each calibration, while deep-learning-based approaches tend to oversimplify the calibration process, utilizing generic computer vision models without tailored structures for calibration tasks. In this paper, we address the unique challenges of calibration by introducing a novel approach: a multi-task convolutional neural network calibration model leveraging temporal information. This pioneering method is the first to integrate temporal dynamics into the architecture of neural network calibration models. Extensive experiments conducted on the FY3A/B/C VIRR datasets showcase the superior performance of our approach compared to the existing state-of-the-art traditional and deep learning methods. Furthermore, tests with various backbones confirm the broad applicability of our framework across different convolutional neural networks.
Remote Sensing and Landsystems in the Mountain Domain: FAIR Data Accessibility and Landform Identification in the Digital Earth
Authors: Whalley W. Brian
Published: September 2024

Satellite imagery has become a major source for identifying and mapping terrestrial and planetary landforms. However, interpretating landforms and their significance, especially in changing environments, may still be questionable. Consequently, ground truth to check training models, especially in mountainous areas, can be problematic. This paper outlines a decimal format, [dLL], for latitude and longitude geolocation that can be used for model interpretation and validation and in data sets. As data have positions in space and time, [dLL] defined points, as for images, can be associated with metadata as nodes. Together with vertices, metadata nodes help build ‘information surfaces’ as part of the Digital Earth. This paper examines aspects of the Critical Zone and data integration via the FAIR data principles, data that are; findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable. Mapping and making inventories of rock glacier landforms are examined in the context of their geomorphic and environmental significance and the need for geolocated ground truth. Terrestrial examination of rock glaciers shows them to be predominantly glacier-derived landforms and not indicators of permafrost. Remote-sensing technologies used to track developing rock glacier surface features show them to be climatically melting glaciers beneath rock debris covers. Distinguishing between glaciers, debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers over time is a challenge for new remote sensing satellites and technologies and shows the necessity for a common geolocation format to report many Earth surface features.
Screening Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Common Portuguese Shrubs Using Headspace–Bar Adsorptive Microextraction (HS-BAµE)
Authors: Cerqueira Jéssica S. R. F. , Nogueira José M. F.
Published: September 2024

In this study, headspace–bar adsorptive microextraction (HS-BAµE) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to screen the major biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by six different Portuguese shrub species (Erica scoparia L., Cistus ladanifer L., Cistus monspeliensis L., Lavandula stoechas L., Thymus villosus L., and Thymus camphoratus). The HS-BAµE/GC-MS methodology was developed, optimized, and validated using five common monoterpenoids (α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and thymol) and one sesquiterpenoid (caryophyllene oxide). Under optimized experimental conditions (microextraction-sorbent phase: activated carbon (CN1), 3 h (35 °C); back-extraction: n-C6 (1 h)), good efficiencies (>45%), low analytical thresholds (5.0–15.0 µg/L) and suitable linear dynamic ranges (20.0–120.0 µg/L, r2 > 0.9872) were achieved, as well as acceptable intra and inter-day precisions (RSD ≤ 30.1%). Benchmarking the proposed methodology, HS-BAµE(CN1), against the reference methodology, HS-SPME(PDMS/DVB), revealed comparable analytical responses and demonstrated excellent reproducibility. Among the six shrub species studied, Thymus camphoratus exhibited the highest emissions of BVOCs from its leaves, notably, 1,8-cineole (4136.9 ± 6.3 µg/g), α-pinene (763.9 ± 0.5 µg/g), and β-pinene (259.3 ± 0.5 µg/g). It was also the only species found to release caryophyllene oxide (411.4 ± 0.3 µg/g). The observed levels suggest that these shrub species could potentially serve as fuel sources in the event of forest fires occurring under extreme conditions. In summary, the proposed methodology proved to be a favorable analytical alternative for screening BVOCs in plants. It not only exhibited remarkable performance but also demonstrated user- and eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of implementation.
The Optimal Zoning of Non-Grain-Producing Cultivated Land Consolidation Potential: A Case Study of the Dujiangyan Irrigation District
Authors: Dong Qidi , Peng Qiao , Luo Xiaohong , Lu Heng , He Pengman , Li Yanling , Wu Linjia , Li Di
Published: September 2024

Non-grain-producing cultivated land (NGPCL) greatly affects sustainable agricultural development and food security, and its consolidation is important. With the Dujiangyan irrigation district as an example, an empirical study of NGPCL consolidation zoning was performed following the idea of “connotation definition and classification—potential identification—consolidation zoning”. On the basis of expert evaluation, NGPCL was classified into three levels according to the degree of damage to cultivated land by crop type. NGPCL was common in the study area, accounting for 53.8% of the total area. The spatial pattern of NGPCL was characterized as “continuous in the south and scattered in the north”. The assessment of theoretical and realistic NGPCL consolidation potentials suggested that areas with medium consolidation potential exhibited a contiguous distribution in the southern part of the study area, whereas it was dispersed in other regions. The proportion of area suitable for consolidation exceeded 40%. Finally, through a multiobjective optimization algorithm, a potential zoning scheme for NGPCL consolidation was constructed. The final experimental results revealed that the areas with medium or high consolidation potential accounted for 97.54% of the total area. This study is useful for supporting the governance of NGPCL.
The Causes of Waterlogging in Chinese Southern Hilly Cities Based on Hydrological Processes
Authors: Li Bei , Jiao Sheng , Zhou Yuan , Zhou Min
Published: September 2024

The various hydrological processes that cause waterlogging exhibit regional differences. Studies on the causes of waterlogging in Chinese southern hilly cities from the perspective of urban regional hydrological processes are needed. This article examines Changsha Central City to study the hydrological processes of Chinese southern hilly cities based on waterlogging point data from 2015 to 2017, analyzing the relationships between the degree of waterlogging and changes in the material elements of runoff sources, runoff convergence terminals, and runoff convergence processes using correlation analysis, principal component analysis and comparative analysis. These results show that the urban waterlogging in Chinese southern hilly cities is caused by the hardening of convergence spaces, concentrated water distribution, a decrease in the connectivity of rainwater corridors, complex topographic slopes, and a lag in the construction of drainage facilities. The expansion of impervious surfaces, particularly in areas intended for convergence terminals, has significantly reduced the number of these critical structures. Additionally, disordered changes in topographic slopes, the division caused by roads, and the hardening of underlying surfaces in rainwater corridors have collectively diminished the structural and ecological connectivity of the rainwater corridor system. This obstruction of surface runoff into concentrated water bodies has rendered the runoff regulation function of these water bodies ineffective, making their size a leading cause of urban waterlogging. To mitigate the risk of waterlogging, Chinese southern hilly cities should prevent urban development from encroaching on natural runoff areas. They should also implement dispersed water body layouts, enhance both the structural and ecological connectivity of rainwater corridors and their underlying surfaces, and improve the design standards of drainage facilities.
Impact of Spatial Layout Design on Energy Consumption of Ice Rinks in Cold Regions
Authors: Yu Jiayue , Ma Xinyue , Fei Teng
Published: September 2024

The differentiated physical environment requirements within the internal space of ice rinks in cold regions result in a complex heat exchange process, which becomes the primary cause of high energy consumption. Therefore, analyzing the impact mechanisms of spatial layout parameters on the energy consumption of ice rinks is crucial during the early design stages. This study employed the Delphi method to identify the key parameters affecting the total energy consumption of ice rinks. It conducted single-factor experiments using building performance simulations to quantify the relationship between each layout parameter and the energy consumption. Based on the single-factor experiment results, orthogonal experiments were conducted to develop an energy-efficient spatial layout combination. The study indicates that the height-to-width ratio and the mixed area width are the most significant parameters. By adjusting the values of these parameters, the total energy consumption can be reduced by approximately 18% to 31%. The spatial layout strategy for ice rinks in cold regions proposed in this study will help architects make more effective decisions during the early design stages.
Evaluating Sustainable Alternatives for Cocoa Waste Utilization Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Salazar-Camacho Natalia Andrea , Delgadillo-Mirquez Liliana , Sanchez-Echeverri Luz Adriana , Tovar-Perilla Nelson Javier
Published: September 2024

Cocoa production has emerged as an effective agricultural strategy to reduce conflict in Colombia, transitioning from coca to cocoa cultivation. While this shift has provided economic benefits, it has also resulted in the generation of substantial cocoa by-products. Although there are various alternative methods of utilizing these by-products, many farmers are unaware of them, and others lack the necessary tools to determine which alternative is the best to pursue. This study sought to explore sustainable options for cocoa waste utilization through the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). By employing technological surveillance, viable options for reusing cocoa residues were identified. The AHP results indicate that pellet production is a promising alternative for rural communities. It is also a potential source of energy that could address the community’s need for alternative energy sources. Initially, other energy production alternatives were not explored. However, in response to the AHP findings, this study also explored the use of cocoa waste combined with animal manure for energy generation through anaerobic digestion.
Invasive-Weed-Optimization-Based Extreme Learning Machine for Prediction of Lake Water Level Using Major Atmospheric–Oceanic Climate Scenarios
Authors: Can Murat
Published: September 2024

Fresh water lakes are vulnerable assets that need to be protected against manmade/natural challenges like climate change and anthropogenesis activities. This study addresses the predictability of the lake water level changes based on the knowledge acquired directly from the climate data. Two fresh water lakes named Lake Iznik and Uluabat, located in Turkey, are addressed. Time series of the lake water levels during October 1990–September 2019 at a monthly scale, along with the corresponding anomalies of 24 Large-Scale Atmospheric–Oceanic Oscillations (LSAOOs) from around the globe, are used in the analysis. The relationship between variables and the structure of the models are initially acquired based on the significance of the dependence between climate indices and lake water levels with consideration of the significance of the Spearman rank-order coefficient. Then, the time series are divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. The Extreme Learning Method (ELM), enhanced with the genetic algorithm (ELM-GA) and Invasive Weed Optimization (ELM-IWO), is then used in the predictive models. Based on the results, Lake Uluabat showed a stronger teleconnection with LSAOOs, while the ELM-GA for Lake Iznik and ELM-IWA for Lake Uluabat depicted the best performance in the prediction of lake water levels. Comparison of the enhanced ELM-IWO to the corresponding ELM-GA illustrates that the ELM-IWO reveals more acceptable results owing to its flexible nature.
Extended Learning through After-School Programs: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Promoting Social Sustainability
Authors: Grigoroiu Monica Claudia , Tescașiu Bianca , Constantin Cristinel Petrișor , Țurcanu Cristina , Tecău Alina Simona
Published: September 2024

After-school programs in Romania are not mandatory, and most of the time, they are funded by parents. In Romania, over 41.5% of students come from disadvantaged families that cannot afford to finance after-school activities. In recent years, there have been only a few free after-school programs for disadvantaged students. Our study aimed to measure the impact of such an after-school program, which mostly uses alternative teaching methods, on several aspects of learning improvement at the level of disadvantaged students in primary and secondary education. The research results revealed a significant improvement in the education of children after they participated in after-school programs for a large range of learning results. Among the intervention actions, mathematical competencies, basic competencies in science and technology, and digital competencies were identified as the main predictors of high learning performance. The results also revealed that a longer length of such programs had a positive effect on educational performance and the socio-emotional development of disadvantaged students. It was also shown that the impact of intervention is more pronounced in the case of young students and adults who followed the “Second Chance” programs. The results support the effectiveness and importance of such projects in promoting holistic and sustainable education and in providing valuable information to decision-makers regarding the impact of after-school programs on the education of disadvantaged people to improve social sustainability.
Leveraging Generative AI for Sustainable Academic Advising: Enhancing Educational Practices through AI-Driven Recommendations
Authors: Iatrellis Omiros , Samaras Nicholas , Kokkinos Konstantinos , Panagiotakopoulos Theodor
Published: September 2024

This study explores the integration of ChatGPT, a generative AI tool, into academic advising systems, aiming to assess its efficacy compared to traditional human-generated advisories. Conducted within the INVEST European University, which emphasizes sustainable and innovative educational practices, this research leverages AI to demonstrate its potential in enhancing sustainability within the context of academic advising. By providing ChatGPT with scenarios from academic advising, we evaluated the AI-generated recommendations against traditional advisories across multiple dimensions, including acceptance, clarity, practicality, impact, and relevance, in real academic settings. Five academic advisors reviewed recommendations across diverse advising scenarios such as pursuing certifications, selecting bachelor dissertation topics, enrolling in micro-credential programs, and securing internships. AI-generated recommendations provided unique insights and were considered highly relevant and understandable, although they received moderate scores in acceptance and practicality. This study demonstrates that while AI does not replace human judgment, it can reduce administrative burdens, significantly enhance the decision-making process in academic advising, and provide a foundation for a new framework that improves the efficacy and sustainability of academic advising practices.
Achieving Net Zero: How Could User Feedback Be Leveraged to Promote Domestic Heat Pump Adoption in Scotland?
Authors: Wall Christianne , Laing Richard
Published: September 2024

Currently, 81% of Scottish households rely on mains gas for heating, contributing significantly to the country’s carbon emissions. Although heat pumps are a central component of the Scottish Government’s transition strategy, the adoption rate has fallen short of expectations. This small-scale research study delves into the pressing issue of transitioning Scotland’s homes to low-zero carbon heating systems, a critical step in achieving the nation’s net-zero target by 2045. This study’s primary objective was to investigate Scottish homeowners’ attitudes and motivations surrounding heat pump adoption. It scrutinises homeowners’ decision-making processes, the factors influencing their choices, and the experiences of those who have already embraced a domestic heat pump as their primary heating source. Furthermore, this research aims to harness this user feedback to bridge information gaps, address perceived barriers, and promote the wider acceptance of heat pump technologies. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire completed by a targeted sample of 61 Scottish homeowners who had already made the switch to heat pumps. The findings indicate that more targeted information and awareness campaigns can best help facilitate the widespread dissemination of heat pumps in Scotland, and that these should sit alongside support for current adopters. In doing so, it will be possible to ensure that the benefits of heat pumps are realised and that such benefits can be communicated to future users.
Trends in Sustainable Tourism Paradigm: Resilience and Adaptation
Authors: Mihalic Tanja
Published: September 2024

In recent decades, sustainable tourism has emerged as a central paradigm, attracting growing scholarly interest. External factors, such as the SDGs, climate change agendas, smart and digitalized tourism, cyber and astronaut travel, pandemics, and shifting trends in economic competitiveness, mass tourism, and overtourism, are shaping the 21st-century paradigmatic landscape, challenging both the theoretical “what” and practical “how” of the sustainable tourism paradigm. Using Kuhn’s paradigmatic framework and the Web of Science bibliometric database from 1991 to 2022, this analysis traces trends in sustainable tourism research, advances in academic communication through influential co-citation networks and interdisciplinarity, and the emergence of alternative and quasi-paradigms. The findings suggest, first, a positive trend in tourism scholarly research production; second, weak and diverse communication and interdisciplinarity, as scholars do not sufficiently collaborate in co-citations; and third, the coexistence of the sustainable tourism paradigm with numerous alternative, rival, and quasi-paradigms. The lack of influential knowledge communication highlights the need for the academic tourism community to reconsider its knowledge generation practices. Enhanced collaboration through co-citation and interdisciplinary cooperation is crucial for fostering a deeper and shared understanding of multiple tourism-related concepts. Further thematic and interactive research is needed on the resilience and adaptability of the sustainable tourism paradigm. This article contributes to advancing sustainable tourism scholarship by advocating for a more influential and adaptable paradigm to ensure its relevance amidst emerging challenges.
Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy System to Accelerate a Sustainable Energy Transition in Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Yew Pei Juan , Chaulagain Deepak , Same Noel Ngando , Park Jaebum , Lim Jeong-Ok , Huh Jeung-Soo
Published: September 2024

As the world’s second-largest palm oil producer, Malaysia heavily depends on its extensive oil palm cultivation, which accounts for nearly 90% of the country’s lignocellulosic biomass waste. Approximately 20–22 tonnes of empty fruit bunches (EFBs) can be derived from an initial yield of 100 tonnes of fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) from oil palm trees. The average annual amount of EFBs produced in Johor is 3233 tonnes per day. Recognising that urban areas contribute significantly to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and to support Malaysia’s transition from fossil fuel-based energy to a low-carbon energy system, this research employed HOMER Pro software 3.18.3 to develop an optimal hybrid renewable energy system integrating solar and biomass (EFB) energy sources in Johor, Malaysia. The most cost-effective system (solar–biomass) consists of 4075 kW solar photovoltaics, a 2100 kW biomass gasifier, 9363 battery units and 1939 kW converters. This configuration results in a total net present cost (NPC) of USD 44,596,990 and a levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of USD 0.2364/kWh. This system satisfies the residential load demand via 6,020,427 kWh (64.7%) of solar-based and 3,286,257 kWh (35.3%) of biomass-based electricity production, with an annual surplus of 2,613,329 kWh (28.1%). The minimal percentages of unmet electric load and capacity shortage, both <0.1%, indicate that all systems can meet the power demand. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the economic viability and technical feasibility of powering the Kulai district with a solar–biomass system.
Investigating the Impact of Public Services on Rental Prices in Chinese Super Cities Based on Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Kou Ruibing , Long Yifei , Zhou Yixin , Liu Weilong , He Xiang , Peng Qiao
Published: September 2024

In China, approximately 20% of the permanent population are renters, with 91% of leased land concentrated in first-tier and new first-tier cities. Education and healthcare are primary concerns for residents, significantly influencing rental decisions due to the household registration (hukou) system, competitive educational environment, and uneven distribution of medical resources. This study explores the distinct factors affecting rental decisions in China’s super cities, differing from other countries where renters prioritize proximity to work or urban amenities. Using advanced interpretable machine learning techniques, the study analyses rental markets in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. The random forest model demonstrates superior performance in rent prediction across all three cities. The results indicate that the impact of public service resources on rent is notably higher in Beijing and Shanghai, while in Shenzhen, balanced urban planning results in property characteristics being more prominent in tenant preferences. These findings enhance the understanding of global rental market dynamics and provide recommendations for promoting sustainable rental housing development. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its application of advanced machine learning models to identify and quantify the unique influences of public service resources on rental markets in different urban contexts.