bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate‐driven change in the water sourced by trees in a de‐glaciating proglacial fore‐field, Torres del Paine, Chile
Authors: Vuaridel Marceline , Cherubini Paolo , Mettra François , Vennemann Torsten , Lane Stuart N.
Published: June 2019

The colonization of proglacial margins by vegetation following glacier recession is a slow process, not least because glacially produced sediments are commonly well drained. Following from human‐induced climate change, warming could increase both growth rates and water availability because of glacier melting, so compensating for situations where climate change reduces precipitation. Compensation is likely a function of location, which will control access to meltwater and groundwater, themselves spatially variable. For the Olguin glacier (Torres del Paine, Chile), we test the hypothesis that as climate has warmed and precipitation has fallen, tree growth rate response is dependent upon the access of trees to glacial meltwater. Cores were taken from trees in three revegetating zones: (Z1) proglacial stream proximal, (Z3) proglacial stream distal, and (Z2) intermediate between Z1 and Z3. For trees within each zone, we measured annual tree‐ring widths and δ2H values. Z1 growth rates were strongly correlated with temperature and Z3 with precipitation, and Z2 showed a shift from precipitation correlation (i.e., following Z3) to temperature correlation (i.e., following Z1) through time. δ2H values were lowest at Z1, reflecting water of glacial origin, were highest at Z3, reflecting meteoric water supply, and shifted through time at Z2 from meteoric to glacial. Increased water supply associated with temperature‐driven glacier recession may compensate for decreasing water supply from precipitation to influence tree growth. This compensation is likely related to the spatial organization of the subsurface flux of glacial melt and leads to different revegetation processes to those envisaged in the classical chronosequence model of vegetation following glacier recession.
The role of pollination effectiveness on the attributes of interaction networks: from floral visitation to plant fitness
Authors: de Santiago‐Hernández Martín H. , Martén‐Rodríguez Silvana , Lopezaraiza‐Mikel Martha , Oyama Ken , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Quesada Mauricio
Published: June 2019

Network analysis is a powerful tool to understand community‐level plant–pollinator interactions. We evaluated the role of floral visitors on plant fitness through a series of pollination exclusion experiments to test the effectiveness of pollinators of an Ipomoea community in the Pacific coast of Mexico, including: (1) all flower visitors, (2) visitors that contact the reproductive organs, (3) visitors that deposit pollen on stigmas, and (4) visitors that mediate fruit and seed production. Our results show that networks built from effective pollination interactions are smaller, less connected, more specialized and modular than floral visitor networks. Modules are associated with pollinator functional groups and they provide strong support for pollination syndromes only when non‐effective interactions are excluded. In contrast to other studies, the analyzed networks are not nested. Our results also show that only 59% of floral visitors were legitimate pollinators that contribute to seed production. Furthermore, only 27% of the links in visitation network resulted in seed production. Our study shows that plant‐pollination networks that consider effectiveness measures of pollination in addition to floral visitation provide insightful information about the different role floral visitors play in a community, encompassing a large number of commensalistic/antagonistic interactions and the more restricted set of mutualistic relationships that underlie the evolution of convergent floral phenotypes in plants.
Aluminium Functionalized Germanes: Intramolecular Activation of Ge–H Bonds, Formation of a Dihydrogen Bond and Facile Hydrogermylation of Unsaturated Substrates
Authors: Honacker Christian , Kappelt Benedikt , Jabłoński Mirosław , Hepp Alexander , Layh Marcus , Rogel Friedhelm , Uhl Werner
Published: June 2019

A series of alkenylhydrogermanes, RR′(H)Ge‐C(AlR′′2)=C(H)‐tBu [4a, R = R′ = Mes, R′′ =tBu;4b, R = R′ = Mes, R′′ = CH(SiMe3)2;5a, R = R′′ =tBu, R′ = CH2CH2tBu;5b, R =tBu, R′ = CH2CH2tBu, R′′ = CH(SiMe3)2], was synthesized by hydroalumination of the respective alkynylgermanes, RR′(H)Ge‐C≡C‐tBu3, with R′′2Al–H [R′′ =tBu, CH(SiMe3)2]. In the solid state compound5bshowed a contact between Al and the Ge bound H atom (293 pm) which according to quantum chemical calculations results in Ge–H bond activation. In case of less bulky substituents on Al (5a, R′′ =tBu) a mixture of isomers was observed that reacted with Et2NH to yield the simple Lewis acid‐base adduct [(tBu)(tBuCH2CH2)(H)Ge‐C(AltBu2)=C(H)‐tBu](HNEt2) (6).6features a dihydrogen bond (Ge–H···H–N) as evident from typical downfield (N–H) and high‐field (Ge–H) shifts in the NMR spectrum, red shifts of νGe‐Hand νN‐Hin the IR spectrum, a short H···H contact (210 pm) in the solid state and a bond critical point between both H atoms. The presence of a hard Lewis‐acidic Al atom in geminal position to the Ge–H bond in5afacilitates reactions with Ph2CO, OC4H8N‐C≡N and Ph–NCO under surprisingly mild conditions by hydrogermylation of the heteronuclear π‐bonds and formation of four‐membered Ge–O/N–Al–C (7,9) or six‐membered Ge–N–C–O–Al–C (8) heterocycles. Reaction with Ph–C≡C–H afforded thecis‐addition product10, in which the α‐C atom of the new alkenyl group showed a close contact [258.3(2) pm] to the Al atom.
Flexible semiparametric generalized Pareto modeling of the entire range of rainfall amount
Authors: Tencaliec P. , Favre A.‐C. , Naveau P. , Prieur C. , Nicolet G.
Published: June 2019

Precipitation amounts at daily or hourly scales are skewed to the right, and heavy rainfall is poorly modeled by a simple gamma distribution. An important yet challenging topic in hydrometeorology is to find a probability distribution that is able to model well low, moderate, and heavy rainfall. To address this issue, we present a semiparametric distribution suitable for modeling the entire range of rainfall amount. This model is based on a recent parametric statistical model called the class of extended generalized Pareto distributions (EGPDs). The EGPD family is in compliance with extreme value theory for both small and large values, while it keeps a smooth transition between these tails and bypasses the hurdle of selecting thresholds to define extremes. In particular, return levels beyond the largest observation can be inferred. To add flexibility to this EGPD class, we propose to model the transition function in a nonparametric fashion. A fast and efficient nonparametric scheme based on Bernstein polynomial approximations is investigated. We perform simulation studies to assess the performance of our approach. It is compared to two parametric models: a parametric EGPD and the classical generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), the latter being only fitted to excesses above a high threshold. We also apply our semiparametric version of EGPD to a large network of 180 precipitation time series over France.
Radical Alliances: Solutions and Opportunities for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zard Samir Z.
Published: June 2019

The present account discusses in detail various mechanistic features of the degenerative radical addition‐transfer of xanthates and related thiocarbonylthio congeners and makes a comparison with the more classicalKharaschreactions to which it is similar in certain aspects. The xanthate group reacts reversibly with the ‘active’ radicals in the medium and is able to store them in a somewhat inactive form. This increases their effective lifetime in the medium and, at the same time, lowers theirabsoluteconcentration while regulating theirrelativeconcentration. These properties translate into a powerful carbon–carbon bond forming process, especially as regards intermolecular additions to electronically unbiased (‘unactivated’) alkenes. Most functional groups are tolerated, in particular polar functions that often require protection with other chemistries. This broad versatility is illustrated by examples where the xanthate addition to the alkene is combined with other, more classical reactions to provide a convergent, rapid access to a wide range of useful structures. Emphasis has been placed on the synthesis of open chain and more complex carbocycles, as well as on the transfer of chirality. These ‘radical alliances’ include organosilicon chemistry, theDiels–Aldercycloaddition and cheletropic extrusion of sulfur dioxide, theClaisensigmatropic rearrangement, and theHorner–Wadsworth–Emmons(HWE) condensation.
A tumor‐targeting nanomedicine carrying the p53 gene crosses the blood–brain barrier and enhances anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in mouse models of glioblastoma
Authors: Kim Sang‐Soo , Harford Joe B. , Moghe Manish , Slaughter Tiffani , Doherty Caroline , Chang Esther H.
Published: June 2019

Despite its anticipated clinical potential, anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy has only yielded poor outcomes in recent clinical trials for glioblastoma patients. Strategies combining anti‐PD‐1 antibody with other treatment modalities are being explored to alter the immunosuppressive microenvironment that appears to characterize these anti‐PD‐1‐insensitive tumors. Here, we evaluated whether introducing wild‐type p53 gene via a tumor‐targeting nanomedicine (termed SGT‐53) could provide immune stimulation and augment anti‐PD‐1 therapy in mouse syngeneic GL261 tumor models (either subcutaneous or intracranial). In both models, anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy had no demonstrable therapeutic effect. However, combining anti‐PD‐1 with our investigational nanomedicine SGT‐53 was very effective in inhibiting tumor growth, inducing tumor cell apoptosis and increasing intratumoral T‐cell infiltration. A significant survival benefit was observed in mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma receiving combination treatment. Importantly, SGT‐53 upregulated PD‐L1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analysis revealed modulation of genes linked to either cancer progression or immune activation after combination treatment. Our data suggest that SGT‐53 can boost antitumor immunity and sensitize glioblastoma to anti‐PD‐1 therapy by converting immunologically “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors. Combining SGT‐53 with anti‐PD‐1 might benefit more patients from anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy and our data support evaluation of this combination in patients with glioblastoma.
Assessing tumor heterogeneity using ctDNA to predict and monitor therapeutic response in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Ma Fei , Guan Yanfang , Yi Zongbi , Chang Lianpeng , Li Qiao , Chen Shanshan , Zhu Wenjie , Guan Xiuwen , Li Chunxiao , Qian Haili , Xia Xuefeng , Yang Ling , Zhang Jianjun , Husain Hatim , Liao Zhongxing , Futreal Andrew , Huang Jian , Yi Xin , Xu Binghe
Published: June 2019

Tumor heterogeneity was associated with treatment outcome of metastatic cancers but few studies have examined whether tumor heterogeneity in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be used to predict treatment outcome. ctDNA analysis was performed in 37 HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with pyrotinib. Patients with high tumor heterogeneity had significantly worse PFS outcomes, with a median PFS of 30.0 weeks vs. 60.0 weeks for patients with low tumor heterogeneity (hazard ratio [HR], 2.9; p = 0.02). Patients with trunk resistance mutations receiving pyrotinib monotherapy had worse outcomes (HR, 4.5; p = 0.03), with a median PFS of 7.8 weeks vs. 27.4 weeks for those with branch resistance mutations or without any resistance mutations in baseline ctDNA. Longitudinal monitoring of 21 patients during treatment showed that the molecular tumor burden index ([mTBI] a measure of the percentage of ctDNA in samples) was positively correlated with tumor size as evaluated by computed tomography (p < 0.0001, Pearson r = 0.52) and detected disease progression 8–16 weeks earlier. Our current findings suggested that ctDNA could be used to assess tumor heterogeneity and predict treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the mTBI is better for assessing therapeutic response than single gene mutations and might supplement the current therapeutic response evaluation system.
Clinical response to sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Izumi Keita , Iimura Yasumasa , Hiruma Kiyoshi , Touma Tsuguhiro , Tsukamoto Tetsuro
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors constitute a new class of antidiabetic medication. Sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors have been shown to exert anticancer effects. However, the clinical value of these drugs as anticancer agents is yet to be evaluated.

Case presentation

A 72‐year‐old man presented to our hospital with frequent cough and dyspnea. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed renal cell carcinoma cT3bN0M1. Ipragliflozin, a sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, treatment was initiated to control blood glucose levels. Two years after diagnosis, computed tomography revealed remarkable tumor regression without any systemic therapy other than ipragliflozin.

Conclusion

Sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors are potentially applicable as anticancer agents among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
The multi‐faceted regulation of nuclear tRNA gene transcription
Authors: Hummel Guillaume , Warren Jessica , Drouard Laurence
Published: June 2019

Transfer RNAs are among the most ancient molecules of life on earth. Beyond their crucial role in protein synthesis as carriers of amino acids, they are also important players in a plethora of other biological processes. Many debates in term of biogenesis, regulation and function persist around these fascinating non‐coding RNAs. Our review focuses on the first step of their biogenesis in eukaryotes, i.e. their transcription from nuclear genes. Numerous and complementary ways have emerged during evolution to regulate transfer RNA gene transcription. Here, we will summarize the different actors implicated in this process: cis‐elements, trans‐factors, genomic contexts, epigenetic environments and finally three‐dimensional organization of nuclear genomes. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019 © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1099–1108, 2019
Antiproliferative effect of the histone demethylase inhibitor GSK‐J4 in chondrosarcomas
Authors: Lhuissier Eva , Aury‐Landas Juliette , Allas Lyess , Boittin Martine , Boumediene Karim , Baugé Catherine
Published: June 2019

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is the second most common malignant bone sarcoma. Its treatment remains an issue, because this tumor is radio‐ and chemo‐resistant. In the present study, we investigated the antitumoral potential of GSK‐J4, a small molecule described as an inhibitor of histone demethylases UTX and JMJD3 (KDM6A and KDM6B), alone or in combination with cisplatin in CSs. Human CS‐derived cell lines were treated with GSK‐J4 in the presence or not of cisplatin. Survival curves were established and cell proliferation and cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry using dividing cell tracking technique utilizing carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester labeling, or DNA staining by propidium iodide. Apoptosis and senescence were also investigated. GSK‐J4 decreased proliferation of CS cells. Additionally, it induced apoptosis in CH2879 and JJ012 cells, but not in SW1353 CSs. In addition, its association with cisplatin decreased cell proliferation more than drugs alone, whereas it did not increase apoptosis compared to cisplatin alone. Interestingly, GSK‐J4 alone as well as in association with cisplatin did not affect chondrocyte survival or proliferation. In conclusion, this study suggests that demethylase inhibitors may be useful in improving therapy for CS in reducing its proliferation.
Biophysical characterization Of Alpers encephalopathy associated mutants of human mitochondrial phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase
Authors: Chakraborty Shruti , Ibba Michael , Banerjee Rajat
Published: June 2019

Mutations in nucleus‐encoded mitochondrial aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (mitaaRSs) lead to defects in mitochondrial translation affecting the expression and function of 13 subunits of the respiratory chain complex leading to diverse pathological conditions. Mutations in the FARS2 gene encoding human mitochondrial phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase (HsmitPheRS) have been found to be associated with two different clinical representations, infantile Alpers encephalopathy and spastic paraplegia. Here we have studied three pathogenic mutants (Tyr144Cys, Ile329Thr, and Asp391Val) associated with Alpers encephalopathy to understand how these variants affect the biophysical properties of the enzyme. These mutants have already been reported to have reduced aminoacylation activity. Our study established that the mutants are significantly more thermolabile compared to the wild‐type enzyme with reduced solubility in vitro. The presence of aggregation‐prone insoluble HsmitPheRS variants could have a detrimental impact on organellar translation, and potentially impact normal mitochondrial function. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8): 1141–1149, 2019 © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1141–1149, 2019
Photobiomodulation using low‐level 808 nm diode laser rescues cochlear synaptopathy after acoustic overexposure in rat
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hun , Lee Min Young , Chung Phil‐Sang , Jung Jae Yun
Published: June 2019

A certain degree of noise can cause hearing problems without a permanent change in the hearing threshold, which is called hidden hearing loss and results from partial loss of auditory synapses. Photobiomodulation (PBM) enhances neural growth and connections in the peripheral nervous systems. In this study, we assessed whether PBM could rescue cochlear synaptopathy after acoustic overexposure in rat. PBM was performed for 7 days after noise exposure. The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were acquired before and after noise exposure using a tone and a paired‐click stimulus. Auditory response to paired click sound with short time interval was performed to evaluate auditory temporal processing ability. In the result, hearing threshold recovered 2 weeks after noise exposure in both groups. Peak wave 1 amplitude of the ABR and ABR recovery threshold did not recover in the noise only group, whereas it fully recovered in the noise + PBM group. The number of synaptic ribbons was significantly different in the control and noise only groups, while there was no difference between the control and noise + PBM group. These results indicate that PBM rescued peak wave 1 amplitude and maintained the auditory temporal processing ability resulting from a loss of synaptic ribbons after acoustic overexposure.
A dyadic group‐movement therapy with adolescent girls with eating disorders
Authors: Dor‐Haim Maayan , Yaroslavsy Amit , Lev Azolay Tamar , Dascal Tamar , Toledano Anat , Latzer Yael , Stein Daniel
Published: June 2019

Movement therapy emphasizes that intervention with the body may have a therapeutic impact on emotional, cognitive, and social levels. Movement therapy with individuals with eating disorders (EDs) is associated with many difficulties, owing to the fear and shame that these patients feel with their body. The persistent resistance occurring in group‐movement therapy with patients with EDs has led us to implement a novel multidyadic movement group therapy, consisting of an equal number of participants and staff. This model enables the work of patient‐staff dyads, using body‐related modeling and adequate containment from the staff to assist patients in dealing with their body‐related fear and shame. In this article, we use case studies to illustrate the implications‐derived from the unexpected highly positive impact of multidyad movement group therapy and discuss the clinical relevance of this treatment in EDs.
Pan‐cancer analysis of iron metabolic landscape across the Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Zhang Su , Chang Wei , Wu Hao , Wang Yu‐Han , Gong Yu‐Wen , Zhao You‐Li , Liu Shan‐Hui , Wang Han‐Zhang , Svatek Robert S. , Rodriguez Ronald , Wang Zhi‐Ping
Published: June 2019

Iron is an essential metal ion in the human body and usually dysregulated in cancers. However, a comprehensive overview of the iron‐related genes and their clinical relevance in cancer is lacking. In this study, we utilized the expression profiling, proteomics, and epigenetics from the Cancer Genome Atlas database to systematically characterized the alterations of iron‐related genes. There were multiple iron‐related genes with dysregulation across 14 cancers and some of these ectopic changes may be associated with aberrant DNA methylation. Meanwhile, a variety of genes were significantly associated with patient survival, especially in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Then differentially expressed genes were validated in clinical samples. Finally, we found deferoxamine and erastin could inhibit proliferation in various tumor cells and influence the expression of several iron‐related genes. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of iron metabolism across cancers and highlights the potential treatment of iron targeted therapies for cancers.
Comprehensive analysis of prognostic immune‐related genes in the tumor microenvironment of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Yang Sheng , Liu Tong , Nan Hongmei , Wang Yan , Chen Hao , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Yan , Shen Bo , Qian Pudong , Xu Siyi , Sui Jing , Liang Geyu
Published: June 2019

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (hereafter called melanoma) is one of the most aggressive cancers with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. In this study, we performed a systematic investigation of the tumor microenvironmental and genetic factors associated with melanoma to identify prognostic biomarkers for melanoma. We calculated the immune and stromal scores of melanoma patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using the ESTIMATE algorithm and found that they were closely associated with patients’ prognosis. Then the differentially expressed genes were obtained based on the immune and stromal scores, and prognostic immune‐related genes further identified. Functional analysis and the protein–protein interaction network further revealed that these genes enriched in many immune‐related biological processes. In addition, the abundance of six infiltrating immune cells was analyzed using prognostic immune‐related genes by TIMER algorithm. The unsupervised clustering analysis using immune‐cell proportions revealed eight clusters with distinct survival patterns, suggesting that dendritic cells were most abundant in the microenvironment and CD8+ T cells and neutrophils were significantly related to patients’ prognosis. Finally, we validated these genes in three independent cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. In conclusion, this study comprehensively analyzed the tumor microenvironment and identified prognostic immune‐related biomarkers for melanoma.
Trends and Carrying Capacity of Sea Otters in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Tinker M. Tim , Gill Verena A. , Esslinger George G. , Bodkin James , Monk Melissa , Mangel Marc , Monson Daniel H. , Raymond Wendel W. , Kissling Michelle L.
Published: June 2019

Sea otter populations in Southeast Alaska, USA, have increased dramatically from just over 400 translocated animals in the late 1960s to >8,000 by 2003. The recovery of sea otters to ecosystems from which they had been absent has affected coastal food webs, including commercially important fisheries, and thus information on expected growth and equilibrium abundances can help inform resource management. We compile available survey data for Southeast Alaska and fit a Bayesian state‐space model to estimate past trends and current abundance. Our model improves upon previous analyses by partitioning and quantifying sources of estimation error, accounting for over‐dispersion of aerial count data, and providing realistic measurements of uncertainty around point estimates of abundance at multiple spatial scales. We also provide estimates of carrying capacity (K) for Southeast Alaska, at regional and sub‐regional scales, and analyze growth rates, current population status and expected future trends. At the regional scale, the population increased from 13,221 otters in 2003 to 25,584 otters in 2011. The average annual growth rate in southern Southeast Alaska (7.8%) was higher than northern Southeast Alaska (2.7%); however, growth varied at the sub‐regional scale and there was a negative relationship between growth rates and the number of years sea otters were present in an area. Local populations vary in terms of current densities and expected future growth; the mean estimated density at K was 4.2 ± 1.58 sea otters/km2 of habitat (i.e., the sub‐tidal benthos between 0 m and 40 m depth) and current densities correspond on average to 50% of projected equilibrium values (range = 1–97%) with the earliest‐colonized sub‐regions tending to be closer to K. Assuming a similar range of equilibrium densities for currently un‐occupied habitats, the projected value of K for all of Southeast Alaska is 74,650 sea otters. Future analyses can improve upon the precision of K estimates by employing more frequent surveys at index sites and incorporating environmental covariates into the process model to generate more accurate, location‐specific estimates of equilibrium density. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Alberta Reconstructive Technique: An Occlusion‐Driven and Digitally Based Jaw Reconstruction
Authors: Seikaly Hadi , Idris Sherif , Chuka Richelle , Jeffery Caroline , Dzioba Agnieszka , Makki Fawaz , Logan Heather , O'Connell Daniel A. , Harris Jeffrey , Ansari Kal , Biron Vincent , Cote David , Osswald Martin , Nayar Suresh , Wolfaardt John
Published: June 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

The free flap reconstructive protocols of the jaws have been refined over the years and presently are based on bone‐driven approaches that generally use the lower border of the mandible or the anterior surface of the maxilla as the templates for reconstruction because these contours are deemed important to the eventual cosmetic outcomes of patients. The ultimate goal of functional jaw reconstruction, however, is the reconstruction of the dental occlusion and oral rehabilitation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the Alberta reconstructive technique (ART), which is a new approach of occlusion‐driven jaw reconstruction with digitally planned immediate osseointegrated implant installation.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

This research study considers the ART's safety, effectiveness, accuracy, timeliness of reconstruction, aesthetic appeal, and cost‐effectiveness in comparison with the standard bone‐driven and delayed osseointegrated implant installation (BDD) protocol.

Results

The ART procedures were as safe and more effective at achieving full occlusal reconstruction and oral rehabilitation. The ART cohort of patients achieved oral rehabilitation in 21.4 month as compared to 73.1 months for the BDD cohort. There were no differences in the aesthetic appeal the two groups. The ART cost an average of $22,004 less than BDD and we calculated the quality adjusted life years gain to be between 2.14 and 4.04 in favour of ART.

Conclusions

The ART is a good option for patients with jaw defects. It provides a safe, effective, accurate, aesthetic, and cost‐effective reconstruction that restores form and function in a timely manner.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 129:S1–S14, 2019
Topological properties of strongly monotone planar vector fields
Authors: Balanov Z. , Bolshakov A. , Rachinskii D.
Published: June 2019

We consider strongly monotone continuous planar vector fields with a finite number of fixed points. The fixed points fall into three classes, attractors, repellers and saddles. Naturally, the relative positions of the fixed points must obey a set of restrictions imposed by monotonicity. The study of these restrictions is the main goal of the paper. With any given vector field, we associate a matrix describing the arrangement of the fixed points on the plane. We then use these matrices to formulate simple necessary and sufficient conditions which allow one to determine whether a finite set of attractors, repellers and saddles at given positions on the plane can be realized as the fixed point set of a strongly monotone vector field.
Quadratic descent of hermitian forms
Authors: Nokhodkar A.‐H.
Published: June 2019

Quadratic descent of hermitian and skew hermitian forms over division algebras with involution of the first kind in arbitrary characteristic is investigated and a criterion, in terms of systems of quadratic forms, is obtained. A refined result is also obtained for hermitian (resp. skew hermitian) forms over a quaternion algebra with symplectic (resp. orthogonal) involution.
A relationship between λ‐symmetries and first integrals for ordinary differential equations
Authors: Zhang Jin
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we provide some geometric properties of λ‐symmetries of ordinary differential equations using vector fields and differential forms. According to the corresponding geometric representation of λ‐symmetries, we conclude that first integrals can also be derived if the equations do not possess enough symmetries. We also investigate the properties of λ‐symmetries in the sense of the deformed Lie derivative and differential operator. We show that λ‐symmetries have the exact analogous properties as standard symmetries if we take into consideration the deformed cases.
Multiscale NMR investigations of two anatomically contrasted genotypes of sorghum under watered conditions and during drought stress
Authors: Sidi‐Boulenouar Rahima , Cardoso Maïda , Coillot Christophe , Rousset Sébastien , Nativel Eric , Charbit Alain , Baptiste Christelle , Alibert Eric , Gatineau Frédéric , Verdeil Jean‐Luc , Goze‐Bac Christophe
Published: June 2019

Today, in the presence of global warming, understanding how plants respond to drought stress is essential to meet the challenge of developing new cultivars and new irrigation strategies, consistent with the maintenance of crop productivity. In this context, the study of the relation between plants and water is of central interest for modeling their responses to biotic and abiotic constraints. Paradoxically, there are very few direct and noninvasive methods to quantify and measure the level and the flow of water in plants. The present work aims to develop a noninvasive methodology for living plant based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at low magnetic field and imaging (MRI) to tackle the issue of water quantity in plants. For this purpose, a portable NMR device measuring the signal level at 8 mT was built. This instrument addresses specific challenges such as miniaturization, accessibility, and overheating in order to maintain the plant intact of time over long period. Time dependence of the water content in sorghum plants is reported under abiotic stress as well as the fraction of transpirable soil water and the photosynthesis activity through the leaves. At high magnetic field (9.4 T), T2 maps were acquired on the same sorghum plants at two time points. The combination of these approaches allows us to identify ecophysiological biomarkers of drought stress. One particular interesting result concerns the spatial distribution of water in two anatomically contrasted sorghum genotypes.
Is carpal tunnel syndrome in the elderly a separate entity? Evidence from median nerve ultrasound
Authors: Gregoris Nattanit , Bland Jeremy
Published: June 2019

See article on pages 236–241 in this issue.
Discussing the intriguing relation between unemployment and giving practices
Authors: Mourao Paulo Reis
Published: June 2019

This research attempts to provide responses to the question “Does unemployment make people less likely to give?” by developing a theoretical model based on consumer choice and labor supply and using data from the World Giving Index, collected for 153 countries from 2010 to 2015. The results from panel data and from ordered probit estimations revealed that countries with higher unemployment rates (especially male and female youth unemployment) are associated with values related to a less generous profile on the part of respondents. Our results were obtained while controlling for a convenient set of variables, and the estimated coefficients generated an extension of this discussion toward the models of welfare states and the giving practices worldwide.
Electrospun Carbon/CuxO Nanocomposite material as Sustainable and High Performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Maroni Fabio , Bruni Pantaleone , Giuli Gabriele , Brutti S. , Croce Fausto
Published: June 2019

The increase in energy density of the next generation of battery materials to meet the new challenges of the electrical vehicles era calls for innovative and easily scalable materials with sustainable processes. An innovative CuxO/C nanocomposite material, characterized by a highly conductive 3D‐framework, with CuxO/Cu‐metal contiguous nanodomains is prepared by electrospinning. The electrode processing is made using a polyacrylic acid binder. The nanocomposite has been fully characterized and the electrochemical performance shows high specific capacity values over 450 galvanostatic cycles at 500 mAg−1 specific current with capacity retention values over 80 %. In addition, the composite shows remarkable high rate performance and highly stable interface, which has been studied by impedance spectroscopy.
COP1 regulates the stability of CAM7 to promote photomorphogenic growth
Authors: Senapati Dhirodatta , Kushwaha Ritu , Dutta Siddhartha , Maurya Jay Prakash , Biswas Srabasthi , Gangappa Sreeramaiah N. , Chattopadhyay Sudip
Published: June 2019

The unique member of the calmodulin gene family, Calmodulin7 (CAM7), plays a crucial role as transcriptional regulator to promote Arabidopsis seedling development. CAM7 regulates the expression of HY5, which is intimately involved in the promotion of photomorphogenic growth and light‐regulated gene expression. COP1 ubiquitin ligase suppresses photomorphogenesis by degrading multiple photomorphogenesis promoting factors including HY5 in darkness. Genetic interaction studies, in this report, reveal that CAM7 and COP1 co‐ordinately work to promote photomorphogenic growth and light‐regulated gene expression at lower intensity of light. CAM7 physically interacts with COP1 in the nucleus. Further, in vivo study suggests that CAM7 and COP1 interaction is light intensity dependent. We have also shown that functional COP1 is required for optimum accumulation of CAM7 at lower fluences of light. Taken together, this study demonstrates the coordinated function of CAM7 and COP1 in Arabidopsis seedling development.
Targeted Proteomics for Studying Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Saleh Sara , Staes An , Deborggraeve Stijn , Gevaert Kris
Published: June 2019

Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics has been extensively used to map bacterial proteomes, which has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial infection and bacteria–host interactions. Quantitative proteomics using selected or parallel reaction monitoring is considered one of the most sensitive and specific quantitative MS‐based approaches and has significantly advanced proteome studies of pathogenic bacteria. Here, recent applications of targeted proteomics for bacteria identification, biomarker discovery, and the characterization of bacterial virulence and antimicrobial resistance are reviewed among others. Results of such studies are expected to further contribute to improve the fight against the most common human pathogenic bacteria.
Long‐term field insecticide susceptibility data and laboratory experiments reveal evidence for cross resistance to other neonicotinoids in the imidacloprid‐resistant brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Fujii Tomohisa , Sanada‐Morimura Sachiyo , Oe Takaho , Ide Manami , Van Thanh Dinh , Van Chien Ho , Van Tuong Phan , Loc Phung Minh , Cuong Le Quoc , Liu Ze‐Wen , Zhu Zeng‐Rong , Li Jian‐Hong , Wu Gang , Huang Shou‐Horng , Estoy Gerardo F , Sonoda Shoji , Matsumura Masaya
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Long‐term monitoring data is helpful to understand the fluctuation of susceptibility and pattern of cross resistance in insecticide resistance management. After the occurrence of imidacloprid resistance, the brown planthopper (BPH) has gradually developed resistance to thiamethoxam and clothianidin since 2010, but not to dinotefuran and nitenpyram. Here, we analyzed susceptibilities data of five neonicotinoids during 2005–2017 in East Asia and Vietnam to conduct cross‐resistance patterns among neonicotinoids. To determine the factors of development of cross resistance in laboratory bioassays, we used the imidacloprid resistant and control strains that were selected from filed populations in the Philippines and Vietnam.

RESULTS

The Linear Mixed Models (LMM) analyses of insecticide susceptibility data showed that the slope values of imidacloprid resistance effects were 0.68 and 1.09 for resistance to thiamethoxam and clothianidin, respectively. Laboratory bioassay results showed that the LD50 values for thiamethoxam and clothianidin in resistant strains (1.4–5.5 μg g−1) were 3.2–16.4 times higher than those in the control strains (0.28–1.5 μg g−1). However, the increase in the LD50 values for imidacloprid was not related to that for dinotefuran and nitenpyram based on the results of the LMM analysis and laboratory bioassay.

CONCLUSION

Our results demonstrate that the development of imidacloprid resistance result in strong‐cross resistance to some neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam and clothianidin, but not to others, dinotefuran and nitenpyram. We anticipate that our findings will be a starting point for understanding mechanism of the different trend of cross resistance by analyzing long‐term susceptibility data and laboratory bioassays in insect pests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A Novel Laser‐Stimulated Technique for Direct Formation of Few‐Layer Phosphorene on Silicon Substrates
Authors: Rajabali Mona , Mohajerzadeh Shams
Published: June 2019

Direct formation of few‐layered phosphorene flakes through a laser stimulated crystallization on silicon substrates is reported. The formation of such layers is initiated by depositing red phosphorus (RP) on silicon followed by laser‐induced crystallization. After deposition, a glass plate is used to encapsulate the amorphous layer on the substrate. Being capable of a programmable scanning, a 1064‐nm laser is used as the source to impart energy onto the RP layer and to achieve the desired allotrope transformation. Exposure to laser beam at the presence of temperature and local pressure exerted by argon ambient leads to the conversion of amorphous material into crystalline flakes. Furthermore, interesting core‐shell, flower‐like and vertical structures are achieved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) are used to examine the conversion of red phosphorus into few‐layer phosphorene flakes. These flakes are used to fabricate a photodetector with a reasonable response to green laser and a field‐effect transistor with a mobility of 12 cm2 V−1 s−1, further indicating the evolution of well‐crystalline layers. The fabricated transistors demonstrate triode and saturation regimes in their electrical response, evidencing their high quality.
On the Synthesis of Morphology‐Controlled Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via Chemical Vapor Deposition for Electrochemical Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Sahoo Krishna Rani , Rastogi Pankaj Kumar , Biroju Ravi K. , Theis Wolfgang , Narayanan Tharangattu N.
Published: June 2019

Shape‐engineered atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) crystals are highly intriguing systems with regard to both fundamental and applied science. Herein, a chemical vapor deposition‐assisted generalized synthesis strategy for the triangular‐ and dendritic‐shaped TMDs and their ternary alloys is proposed, and the TMD structures' potential for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) applications is demonstrated. The alloy formation is confirmed via micro‐Raman and photoluminescence studies and further verified using transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The HER activities of MoS2 and MoSe2 triangles are compared with those of their dendritic structures, and an enormous improvement in terms of overpotential and current density is observed for the dendritic structures. A further enhancement of the HER activity is observed in MoS2(1−x)Se2x triangular and dendritic structures, with dendritic MoS2(1−x)Se2x providing the best activity. The demonstrated nonequilibrium growth technique opens new avenues for the synthesis of morphology‐controlled, large area, complex, and atomically thin TMD structures, which can have unprecedented properties, such as the enormous catalytic activity, tunable luminescence, etc., as presented in this article.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Extracellular Components of Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Kato Yugo , Yoshimura Etsuro , Suzuki Michio
Published: June 2019

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are useful materials because of unique properties. Many previous papers reported that microorganisms induced the synthesis of AuNPs under the room temperature and pressure. However, the molecular mechanism of AuNPs synthesis has not been clarified yet. In our previous study, we revealed that diglycosyl diacyl glycerol (DGDG) in the cell membrane of Lactobacillus casei was contribute to synthesize AuNPs. However, the average size of AuNPs produced by DGDG in vitro was much larger than that of AuNPs produced by the cell of L. casei. This result implied that L. casei contains unknown compounds decreasing the size of AuNPs as dispersants.
Self‐Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Nanoporous Nickel (II) Phosphate Octahydrate Microspheres Catalyst with Orange Peel Surface toward Urea Oxidation
Authors: Imani Amin , Oveisi Hamid
Published: June 2019

Herein, we report an easy one‐step approach for the synthesis of nickel (II) phosphate octahydrate nanoporous microspheres catalyst (NiP) with orange peel surface under one‐pot hydrothermal single‐source precursor. The morphology and the particle size of the NiP materials were switched by tuning the parameters of the hydrothermal procedure. The materials were formed in a single phase of Ni3(PO4)2⋅8H2O with a monoclinic crystal lattice. The resulting self‐supported NiP/GC (glassy carbon) electrode exhibited superior activity, remarkable stability, and high electrochemical performance (680 mA.cm−2.mg−1 & 0.33 V oxidation potential) towards urea oxidation reaction in aqueous alkaline medium.
Pd@magnetic Carbon Dot Immobilized on the Cyclodextrin Nanosponges ‐ Biochar Hybrid as an Efficient Hydrogenation Catalyst
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Heravi Majid M. , Mohammadi Leila , Malmir Masoumeh
Published: June 2019

With the aim of benefiting from the advantage of magnetic catalysts, chemistry of cyclodextrin, i. e. the capability of formation of inclusion complex and acting as phase transferring agent, as well as biochars as biocompatible, cost‐effective and efficient catalyst support, for the first time a ternary hybrid system composed of cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS), palladated magnetic carbon quantum dot (Pd@CQDs@Fe) and Bell‐pepper‐derived biochar (Biochar) was designed and prepared through functionalization of CDNS and Biochar and their covalent conjugation followed by immobilization of Pd@CQDs@Fe. The hybrid system was characterized and then applied as a magnetic heterogeneous catalyst for promoting hydrogenation of nitroarenes. The results confirmed high catalytic activity, selectivity and recyclability of the catalyst (up to ten reaction runs) as well as low Pd leaching. Comparing the catalytic activity of the catalyst with some control samples, the contribution of CDNS, Biochar and CQDs@Fe to the catalysis was confirmed.
Plasmon‐Driven Rapid In Situ Formation of Luminescence Single Crystal Nanoparticle
Authors: Zhang Chengyun , Lu Jiangbo , Jin Nana , Dong Liang , Fu Zhengkun , Zhang Zhenglong , Zheng Hairong
Published: June 2019

Single crystal nanomaterials are very important for the fundamental investigation and application of luminescence. However, a very critical growth condition or high temperature treatment is always required for their preparation. Here, an easy and rapid in situ achievement of a single crystal luminescent material is realized by taking advantage of plasmon‐induced thermal and catalysis effects. With the assistance of localized surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles, polycrystalline NaYF4 transforms to single crystal Y2O3 in tens of milliseconds, resulting in remarkable improvement of luminescence emission. It is important to point out that the single crystal transformation is also achieved even at a very low temperature, which is impossible with conventional approaches. Such a convenient and efficient plasmon assisted scheme provides a new technology for the rapid achievement of single crystal materials and extends the application of surface plasmon to a much broader field.
Theoretical Screening of Single Transition Metal Atoms Embedded in MXene Defects as Superior Electrocatalyst of Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Xingyong , Guo Haoran , Yao Ge , Yu Haibo , Tian Ziqi , Li Baihai , Chen Liang
Published: June 2019

The MXene‐supported single transition metal systems have been reported as promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Herein, the potential performance of MXene‐based catalysts was explored on nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Density functional theory computations are carried out to screen a series of transition metal atoms confined in a vacancy of MXene nanosheet (Mo2TiC2O2). The results reveal that the Zr, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Re, and Os supported on defective Mo2TiC2O2 layer can significantly promote the NRR process. Among them, Zr‐doped single atom catalyst (Mo2TiC2O2‐ZrSA) possesses the lowest barrier (0.15 eV) of the potential‐determining step, as well as high selectivity over HER competition. To the best of knowledge, 0.15 eV is the lowest barrier of potential‐determining step that has been reported for NRR so far. Besides, the formation energy of Mo2TiC2O2‐ZrSA is much more negative than that of the synthesized Mo2TiC2O2‐PtSA catalyst, suggesting that the experimental preparation of Mo2TiC2O2‐ZrSA is feasible. This work thus predicts an efficient electrocatalyst for the reduction of N2 to NH3 at ambient conditions.
γ‐Ga2O3 Nanocrystals Electron‐Transporting Layer for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Ke-Hao , Wang Zhao-Kui , Wang Kai-Li , Zhuo Ming-Peng , Zhang Yue , Igbari Femi , Ye Qing-Qing , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: June 2019

The electron‐transporting layer (ETL) plays a very important role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The traditional TiO2 ETL exhibits drawbacks such as complex preparation process and low stability. Devices incorporating TiO2 as the ETL also show large hysteresis that limits their performance. Herein, Ga2O3 nanocrystals (NCs), prepared by a solution process, are applied as an ETL in n‐i‐p planar structured PSCs. The Ga2O3‐based devices exhibit negligible hysteresis and achieve higher performance than the TiO2‐based devices. Due to better energy level matching and smoother surface morphology, films of Ga2O3 NCs make good interfacial contact with the perovskite top layer, improving the charge transport efficiency. The perovskite layer also exhibits high crystallinity. Unlike TiO2, which is commonly prepared by high‐temperature sintering or solution hydrolysis, films of Ga2O3 NCs can be prepared by solution spin‐coating at a low temperature. This greatly reduces the complexity of fabrication and improves device performance.