bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Radioactive Contamination from the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site on Behavior Related to Food Choices: A Case Study of Kazakhstan
Authors: Nakamura Tetsuya , Masuda Satoru , Kuchiki Akifumi , Maruyama Atsushi ,   Kyoei University 4158 Uchimaki, Kasukabe, Saitama 344-0051, Japan,   Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,   Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan,   Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Published: November 2020

In this article, we analyzed the effects of radioactive contamination from the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site on food choices in Kazakhstan. Nearly 90% of citizens in Kazakhstan knew their health had been affected by radioactive material from the nuclear test site, with more than 50% of citizens still confirming the safety of foodstuffs regarding radioactive materials when purchasing food. However, citizens in the vicinity of the nuclear test site did not take countermeasures against internal exposure due to declining fear of radioactivity, despite refraining from purchasing food from near the nuclear test site. More than 80% of Kazakhstan understood that exposure to radioactive materials was both external and internal. Further, Kazakhs were more aware of the effects of internal exposure on the human body than either Ukrainians or Japanese. Elderly people who remembered the times when nuclear tests had been conducted were aware of radioactive materials in food. High-income individuals took measures to control radioactive contamination in consideration of their nutritional balance, while low-income individuals refrained from purchasing food from near the nuclear test site as a means of controlling potential contamination. In Kazakhstan, more than 60% of citizens did not take measures against internal exposure, but the number of citizens who were concerned about radioactive materials was much higher than in either Ukraine or Japan. In Kazakhstan, 30–40% of citizens, particularly women, would buy at least 20% more if foodstuffs with lower than the regulated level of radioactive materials were sold.
El cine poético-místico de Paradjanov y Val del Omar. Tradición cultural y etnográfica como palimpsesto
Authors: Galea Pozo Elena
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo sigue las huellas de diferentes manifestaciones literarias en las obras de los cineastas José Val del Omar y Sergei Paradjanov. El cine de ambos es poético, espiritual y místico, y destaca por ser revolucionario en lo que se refiere a la creación de códigos iconográficos –para lo que se vale de textos donde aparecen la tradición cultural etnográfica, el folclore, leyendas populares y doctrinas místicas.

PALABRAS CLAVE: cine experimental, mística, etnografía, poesía, religión
Travelling desde Remordimiento (Lubitsch, 1932) hasta Una gota de sangre que cae (Fernando Molero Campos, 2011)
Authors: Molero Campos Fernando
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo trata de establecer las conexiones intertextuales existentes entre la película Remordimiento (Ernst Lubitsch, 1932) y el relato Travellíng de retroceso desde una gota de sangre que cae (Fernando Molero Campos, 2011), al tiempo que traza un recorrido por otras fuentes e influencias en el texto literario, así como por determinadas técnicas fílmicas utilizadas en la escritura del mismo.
El cine en la literatura: la influencia cinematográfica en La noche de la Usina de Eduardo Sacheri
Authors: Caño Rivera Claudia
Published: November 2020

Este artículo se centra en analizar la influencia del cine en la novela La noche de la Usina del escritor y guionista argentino Eduardo Sacheri. Tras una breve exposición de los mayores aportes en cuanto a las relaciones entre literatura y cine, comenzamos nuestro análisis mediante la comparación del prólogo de la novela y el tráiler cinematográfico, pues ambos funcionan como paratextos. Seguidamente, se analizar cómo es posible detectar la influencia de la escritura del guion en la construcción narrativa de la novela. Por último, estudiamos la presencia de los géneros cinematográficos del thriller y el western en la novela, pues ambos ayudan a construir el lenguaje de los personajes y el desarrollo de la trama.

Palabras clave: narrativa contemporánea, guion, tráiler, thriller, western.
Resignificando a Lacan: uso del psicoanálisis en la crítica literaria y cinematográfica de Žižek
Authors: Wu Yiyang
Published: November 2020

Resumen: El presente artículo propone analizar los usos del psicoanálisis en la crítica literaria y cinematográfica de Žižek a partir de su resignificación sobre lo real, lo imaginario y lo simbólico de la teoría lacaniana. Se centra en las ideas como el gran Otro, la fantasía, el objeto a y la pulsión de muerte como herramienta hermenéutica para reinterpretar la literatura clásica y el cine moderno. Al final del texto se trata de aplicar la idea žižekiana en el análisis de algunos textos con fuertes matices psicoanalíticos y cuestionamientos sociales en la narrativa hispanoamericana contemporánea.

    Abstract: This article aims to analyze the psychoanalytic elements in Žižek's literary and cinematographic criticism,according to his redefinition of the real, the imaginary and the symbolic in Lacan´s theory. Ideas such as the big Other, fantasy, object a and the death drive are used by him as hermeneutic tools to reinterpret classical literature and modern cinema. At the end of the article we will apply the idea above to the analysis of some contemporary Spanish American narrative, characterized by their strong psychoanalytic and psychosocial contents.
Health Care Professionals’ Perspectives on Screening and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Public Hospitals of South India – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sahu Biswamitra , Babu Giridhara R , Gurav Kaveri Siddappa , Karthik Maithili , Deepa R , Lobo Eunice , John Daisy A , Oakley Laura , Oteng-Ntim E , Nadal Iliatha Papachristou , Kinra Sanjay
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWomen developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are subsequently at a higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes later in life. Screening and effective management of women with GDM is essential in preventing progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare providers regarding the barriers from the health system context that restrict the timely screening and effective management of GDM.MethodsWe conducted six in-depth interviews of health care providers- four with nurses and two with obstetricians in the public hospitals in India's major city (Bengaluru). The interviews were conducted in the preferred language of the participants (Kannada for nurses, English for the obstetricians) and audio-recorded. All Kannada interviews were transcribed and translated into English for analysis. The primary data were analyzed using grounded theory approach by NVivo 12 plus. The findings are put into perspective using the socio-ecological model.ResultsHealth care providers identified delayed visits to public hospitals and stress on household-level responsibilities as barriers at the individual level for GDM screening. Also, migration of pregnant women to natal home during first pregnancy is a cultural barrier in addition to health system barriers such as unmet nurse training needs, long waiting hours, uneven power dynamics, lack of follow-up, resource scarcity, and lack of supportive oversight. The barriers for GDM management included non-reporting women to follow - up visits, irregular self-monitoring of drug and blood sugar, trained staff shortage, ineffective tracking, and lack of standardized protocol.ConclusionThere is a pressing need to develop and improve existing GDM Screening and Management services to tackle the growing burden of GDM in public hospitals of India.
Vertebral fracture as risk factors for self-harm: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Prior James , Crawford-Manning Fay , Whittle Rebecca , Abdul-Sultan Alyshah , Chew-Graham Carolyn , Muller Sara , Shepherd Tom , Sumathipala Athula , Mallen Christian , Paskins Zoe
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe prevention of self-harm is an international public health priority, It is vital to identify at-risk populations, particularly as self-harm is a risk factor for suicide. This study aims to examine the risk of self-harm in people with vertebral fractures Methods Retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Patients with vertebral fracture were identified and matched to patients without fracture by age and gender. Incident self-harm was defined by medical record codes following vertebral fracture. Overall incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years (PY)) were reported. Cox regression analysis determined risk (hazard ratios (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI)) of self-harm compared to the matched unexposed cohort. Initial crude analysis was subsequently adjusted and stratified by age and gender. ResultsThe number of cases of vertebral fracture was 16,293, with a matched unexposed cohort of the same size. Patients were predominantly female (70.1%), mean age was 74 years. Overall incidence of self-harm in the cohort with vertebral fracture was 12.2 (10.1, 14.8) /10,000 PY. There was an initial crude association between vertebral fracture and self-harm, which remained after adjustment (HR 2.4 (95%CI 1.5, 3.6).Greatest risk of self-harm was found in those with vertebral fractures who were younger (3.2(1.8, 5.7)) and male (3.9(1.8, 8.5)). ConclusionsPrimary care patients with vertebral fracture are at increased risk of self-harm compared to people without these fractures. Younger, male patients appear to be at greatest risk of self-harm. Clinicians need to be aware of the potential for self-harm in this patient group.
First Scalable 18650 Aqueous-based Supercapacitors Using Hydrophobicity of Anti-corrosion Graphite Passivation Layer
Authors: Chomkhuntod Praeploy , Iamprasertkun Pawin , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: November 2020

Scalable 18650 aqueous-based supercapacitors are ideal as future energy storage technology due to their great safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness as well as high power density. Until now, there are no commercial aqueous-based supercapacitors due to the corrosion of metal current collectors. In this work, we have introduced a new concept using hydrophobicity of anti-corrosion graphite passivation layer coated on Al foil with high surface roughness leading to the lotus effect.
The Impact of Delivering High-Quality Cataract Surgical Mentorship Through Distance Wet Laboratory Courses on Cataract Surgical Competency of Second and Final Year Residents. 
Authors: Geary Amelia , Wen Qing , Adrianzén Rosa , Congdon Nathan , Janani R. , Haddad Danny , Timbo Clare Szalay , Khalifa Yousuf
Published: November 2020

Background: This study aimed to assess the acceptability and effectiveness of training second and final-year residents, at the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, a tertiary-level ophthalmic training center in Trujillo, Peru, in phacoemulsification cataract surgery through structured distance surgical mentorship wet lab courses. Methods: Delivered three five-week distance surgical mentorship wet lab courses, administered through Cybersight, Orbis International’s telemedicine platform. Weekly lectures and demonstrations addressed specific steps in phacoemulsification surgery. Each lecture had two accompanying wet lab assignments, which residents completed and recorded in their institution’s wet lab and uploaded to Cybersight for grading. Competency was assessed through the anonymous grading of pre- and post-training surgical simulation videos, masked as to which videos were recorded before and after training, using a standardized competency rubric adapted from the International Council of Ophthalmology’s Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric (ICO-OSCAR). Day one best-corrected post-operative visual acuity (BVCA) was assessed in the operative eye on the initial consecutive 4-6 surgeries conducted by the residents. An anonymous satisfaction survey was administered to trainees’ post-course. Results: In total, 21 second and final-year residents participated in the courses, submitting a total of 210 surgical videos. Trainees’ average competency score (scale of 0-32) increased 6.95 (95%CI [4.28, 9.62], SD=5.01, p<0.0001, two sample t-test) from 19.3 (pre-training, 95%CI [17.2, 21.5], SD=4.04) to 26.3 (post-training, 95%CI [24.2, 28.3], SD=3.93). Among 100 post-training resident surgeries, visual acuity for 92 (92%) was ≥20/60, meeting the World Health Organization’s criterion for good cataract surgical quality. Conclusions: Structured distance wet lab courses in phacoemulsification resulted in significantly improved cataract surgical skills. This model could be applicable to locations where there are obstacles to traditional in-person wet lab training and can also be effectively deployed to respond to a disruptive event in medical education, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.
The Visual Features of Emotional Faces That Predict Forced Choice Selection of Faces Download Text Copy to Clipboard
Authors: Stuit Sjoerd , Kootstra Timo , Terburg David , Boomen Carlijn van den , Smagt Maarten van der , Kenemans Leon , Stigchel Stefan Van der
Published: November 2020

Emotional facial expressions are important visual communication signals that indicate a sender’s intent and emotional state to an observer. As such, it is not surprising that reactions to different expressions are thought to be automatic and independent of awareness. What is surprising, is that studies show inconsistent results concerning such automatic reactions, particularly when using different face stimuli. We argue that automatic reactions to facial expressions can be better explained, and better understood, in terms of quantitative descriptions of their visual features rather than in terms of the semantic labels (e.g. angry) of the expressions. Here, we focused on overall spatial frequency (SF) and localized Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features. We used machine learning classification to reveal the SF and HOG features that are sufficient for classification of the first selected face out of two simultaneously presented faces. In other words, we show which visual features predict selection between two faces. Interestingly, the identified features serve as better predictors than the semantic label of the expressions. We therefore propose that our modelling approach can further specify which visual features drive the behavioural effects related to emotional expressions, which can help solve the inconsistencies found in this line of research.
Genetic Gain and Traits Plasticity in Wheat Cultivars Developed for Irrigated Ecosystems of NWPZ of India From 1900 to 2016
Authors: YADAV RAJBIR , Gupta Soma , Gaikwad Kiran , Bainsla Naresh , Khokhar Manjeet , Babu Prashanth , Ansari Rehan , Palaparthi Dharmateja , Prasad Rajender
Published: November 2020

Knowledge about the yield gain over the years due to associated changes in the yield component traits is essential for a critical understanding of yield-limiting factors. To estimate genetic gain in grain yield of wheat varieties released between 1900 and 2016 for North-Western Plain Zone of India and to identify agronomic and/or genetic basis of the realized gains, two sets of wheat genotypes with 14 and 10 varieties in each comprising mega varieties and two recently developed genotypes were evaluated, under timely sown tilled and early sown conservation agriculture conditions respectively for 4 consecutive years. The average annual genetic gain in grain yield since 1905 under timely sown condition was found to be 0.544% yr-1 over the average of all varieties and 0.822% yr-1 (24.27 kg ha-1 yr-1) over the first released variety, NP4. The realised mean yield increased from 2950 kg ha-1 of the variety NP 4 released in 1905 to 5649 kg ha-1 of HD 3086 released in 2014. Linear regression analysis revealed a linear reduction in height and peduncle length over the breeding periods with a linear increase in biomass over the years at the rate of 43.9 kg ha-1 yr-1 or relatively at 0.368% yr-1 mainly because of linear increase in days to heading and crop duration. However, it showed no trend for tiller number and thousand kernel weight but an increase of 0.11 grains per spike yr-1 was evident from the study. The absolute and relative gain yr-1 for harvest index (HI) was found to be 0.0007% and 0.198%, however, polynomial regression shows hardly any improvement in HI since 1982. Interestingly, genetic gain evaluation under early sown conservation agriculture conditions for four years shows similar relative gain (0.544%) but higher absolute gain (29.28 ha-1 yr-1). Major mega varieties like Kalyan Sona, HD2009, PBW 343, HD2967 and HD3086, which occupied comparatively larger area proved to be highly plastic and able to respond well to the improvements in the production environment under timely sown conditions.
Handedness Effects on Movement Imagery During Kinesthetic and Visual-Motor Conditions. An EEG Study
Authors: Zapała Dariusz , Iwanowicz Paulina , Francuz Piotr , Augustynowicz Paweł
Published: November 2020

Recent studies show that during a simple movement imagery task, the power of sensorimotor rhythms differs according to handedness. However, the effects of motor imagery perspectives on these differences have not been investigated yet. Our study aimed to check how handedness impacts the activity of alpha (8 - 13 Hz) and beta (15 - 30 Hz) oscillations during creating a kinesthetic (KMI) or visual-motor (VMI) representation of movement. Forty subjects (20 right-handed and 20 left-handed) who participated in the experiment were tasked with imagining sequential finger movement from a visual or kinesthetic perspective. Both the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and behavioral correctness of the imagery task performance were measured. After the registration, we used independent component analysis (ICA) on EEG data to localize visual- and motor-related EEG sources of activity shared by both motor imagery conditions. Significant differences were obtained in the visual cortex (the occipital ICs cluster) and the right motor-related area (right parietal ICs cluster). In comparison to right-handers who, regardless of the task, demonstrated the same pattern in the visual area, left-handers obtained higher power in the alpha waves in the VMI task and better performance in this condition. On the other hand, only the right-handed showed different patterns in the alpha waves in the right motor cortex during the KMI condition.The results indicate that left-handers imagine movement differently than right-handers, focusing on visual experience. This provides new empirical evidence on the influence of movement preferences on imagery processes and has possible future implications for research in the area of neurorehabilitation and motor imagery-based brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs).
Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Metabolic Risk Factors in an Old Chinese Population
Authors: Xu Lingling , Liu Jin , He Aiqin , Wu Xiaomei , Li Dongling , Yang Hua , Shi Kechuan , Wu Xian , Zhou Yang , Yang Junwei
Published: November 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a worldwide health problem among aging populations. However, epidemiological information on Chinese elderly people with CKD is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological features and associated risk factors of CKD in aging population in China. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 37,533 individuals aged ≥65 years were enrolled in Binhai from January to December 2018. The crude and standardized prevalence of CKD were calculated. Associations of metabolism-related indicators with CKD were examined using univariate and multivariate analysis. The overall prevalence of CKD was 17.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.3%-18.1%) in this Chinese elderly population. The prevalence was 17.5% among men (95% CI, 17.0%-18.1%) and 17.8% among women (95% CI, 17.3 -18.4%). The mean eGFR was 84.22 (SD ± 12.87) mL/min/1.73 m2, with the median value higher for women than for men. Aging, pre-HTN, HTN, elevated triglyceride and FBG were found to be independent risk factors for CKD. Our study shows a high prevalence of CKD among Chinese elderly population. Aging, pre-HTN, HTN, elevated triglyceride and FBG were all independent risk factors associated with CKD. More attention should be paid to metabolic diseases to prevent CKD in the elderly.
Developing HIV Assisted Partner Notification Services Tailored to Mexican Key Populations: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Vermandere Heleen , Aguilera-Mijares Santiago , Martínez-Vargas Liliane , Colchero M. Arantxa , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio
Published: November 2020

Background. Assisted partner notification services (APNS) may increase HIV testing, early diagnosis, and treatment, but they are not formally implemented in Mexico, where the HIV epidemic is concentrated in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transwomen (TW).Methods. We conducted semi-structured interviews to explore partner notification with MSM, TW and health care providers to identify the essential elements to include in the design and implementation of APNS directed to MSM and TW in Mexico City. Afterwards, brainstorm sessions were carried out to produce strategies for implementing APNS.Results. Most participants reported experiences with informal partner notification, but not with APNS. Only one health care provider indicated assisting notification systematically. The main barriers for notifying mentioned by both MSM and TW included fear of (violent) reactions, discrimination and lacking contact information of casual partners. Participants thought it was easier notifying a formal partner, conditional of being well informed about HIV. Given current stigma and lack of awareness, it was suggested that APNS should be preceded by HIV awareness efforts, and be provided by counsellors or peers to mitigate potential rejection or violent reactions. Conclusions. While APNS are not formally implemented in Mexico, all participants supported the service, indicating that APNS can enhance early HIV diagnosis in Mexico. Strategies to implement such services need to be flexible addressing the individual needs of participants, guaranteeing the safety of more vulnerable participants.
Youth-Centered Maternity Care: A Binational Qualitative Comparison of the Experiences and Perspectives of Latina Adolescents and Healthcare Providers
Authors: Decker Martha J. , Pineda Noelle , Gutmann-Gonzalez Abigail , Brindis Claire D.
Published: November 2020

Background

Although there is growing recognition of the importance of person-centered maternity care, the needs and perspectives of pregnant adolescents are rarely considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the maternity care experiences of Mexican-origin adolescents in Guanajuato, Mexico and Fresno, California from both youth and healthcare provider perspectives.
Methods

Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 89 respondents, including pregnant and parenting adolescents as well as providers between December 2016 and July 2017. Adolescents also completed a short demographic survey prior to participation. Transcripts in English and Spanish were coded and thematically analyzed using Dedoose software. Results were compared by location and between youth and providers.
Results

Four themes emerged regarding patient-provider interactions: the need for communication and clear explanations, respectful versus judgmental providers, engaging youth in decision-making, and a focus on the age of the youth and their partners. While youth had similar perspectives and priorities in both locations, youth in Mexico reported more negative healthcare experiences than youth in California. Perspectives varied between the youth and providers, with providers in both California and Mexico identifying several structural challenges in providing quality care to adolescents. In California, challenges to supporting immigrant Latina adolescents and their families included language and translation issues as well as barriers to care due to immigration status and documentation. In both locations, providers also mentioned high patient caseloads and their own concerns about the youth’s life choices.
Conclusion

Youth-centered care requires more effective and respectful patient-provider communication, where adolescents are engaged in their healthcare decision-making and delivery options. Changes in patient-provider interactions can help improve the maternity care experiences and outcomes of Latina adolescents. Healthcare systems and providers need to reconfigure their approaches to focus on the needs and priorities of adolescents.
Self-Sustaining Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks: Setting the Stage for Planetary System Formation
Authors: Regály Zsolt , Kadam Kundan , Dullemond Cornelis
Published: November 2020

The core accretion scenario of planet formation assumes that planetesimals and planetary embryos are formed during the primordial, gaseous phases of the protoplanetary disk. However, how the dust particles overcome the traditional growth barriers is not well understood. Recently proposed viscous ring-instability explains the concentric rings observed in protoplanetary disks by assuming that the dust grains can reduce the gas conductivity, which can weaken the magneto-rotational instability. We present an analysis of this model with the help of GPU-based numerical hydrodynamic simulations of coupled gas and dust in the thin-disk limit. During the evolution of the disk the dusty rings become Rossby unstable and break up into a cascade of small-scale vortices. The vortices form secularly stable dusty structures, where the rapid dust growth can occur via the streaming instability. The phenomenon of self-sustaining vortices is consistent with observational constraints of exoplanets and sets a favorable environment for planetary system formation.
Relationship Between Fatty Liver Change and Nutritional Status After Total Gastrectomy in Gastric Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nakamura Naohiko , Kinami Shinichi , Fujita Jun , Kaida Daisuke , Tomita Yasuto , Miyata Takashi , Miyashita Tomoharu , Fujita Hideto , Ueda Nobuhiko , Takamura Hiroyuki
Published: November 2020

Background: The relationship between chronological nutritional changes and development of fatty liver after total gastrectomy (TG) in gastric cancer (GC) patients is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate relationship between development of fatty liver and chronological changes of nutritional parameters during 12 months after TG.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 59 patients with GC who underwent TG at the Kanazawa Medical University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2017. We defined fatty liver change as a mean liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio (L/S ratio) of less than 1.2 in the computed tomography images at 12 months after TG and divided the patients into fatty liver (FL) and non-FL groups from the L/S ratio. We analyzed serum levels of total protein and albumin, and psoas muscle index (PMI) before TG and at 6 and 12 months after TG in the non-FL and FL groups. Results: Six patients showed an L/S ratio of less than 1.2 at 12 months after TG and were included into FL group. There was no significant difference between the groups in serum parameters, L/S ratio, and PMI before TG. In the FL group, the mean levels of total protein and albumin decreased after TG and were significant lower at 6 months, compared with the non-FL group. And then, these levels in the FL group recovered at 12 months. In contrast, the mean levels of total protein and albumin in the non-FL group did not decrease below the preoperative levels throughout the year after surgery. As with laboratory parameters, all patients in the FL group showed decrease of PMI at 6 months after TG. This proportion was significantly higher than that in the non-FL group (100% vs 40.8%, P = 0.006).Conclusions: We evaluated that the patients with fatty liver occurring after TG had significantly lower levels of serum nutritional parameters and skeletal muscle index at 6 months, not but 12 months, after TG.
Macrophage Plasticity is Rac Signalling and MMP9 Dependant
Authors: Travnickova Jana , Nhim Sandra , Abdellaoui Naoill , Djouad Farida , Nguyen-Chi Mai , Parmeggiani Andrea , Kissa Karima
Published: November 2020

In vitro, depending on extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, macrophages migrate either in amoeboid or mesenchymal mode; while the first is a general trait of leukocytes, the latter is associated with tissue remodelling via Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). To assess whether these stereotyped migrations could be also observed in a physiological context, we used the zebrafish embryo and monitored macrophage morphology, behaviour and capacity to mobilisation haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), as a final functional readout. Morphometric analysis identified 4 different cell shapes. Live imaging revealed that macrophages successively adopt all four shapes as they migrate through ECM. Treatment with inhibitors of MMPs or Rac GTPase to abolish mesenchymal migration, suppresses both ECM degradation and HSPC mobilisation while differently affecting macrophage behaviour. This study depicts real time macrophage behaviour in a physiological context and reveals extreme reactivity of these cells constantly adapting and switching migratory shapes to achieve HSPCs proper mobilisation.
Organic Matter and Water from Asteroid Itokawa
Authors: Chan Queenie , Stephant Alice , Franchi Ian , Zhao Xuchao , Brunetto Rosario , Kebukawa Yoko , Noguchi Takaaki , Johnson Diane , Price Mark , Harriss Kathryn , Zolensky Michael , Grady Monica
Published: November 2020

Understanding the true nature of extra-terrestrial water and organic matter that was present at the birth of our solar system, and their subsequent evolution, necessitates the study of pristine astromaterials. In this study, we have studied both the water and organic contents from a dust particle recovered from the surface of near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission, which represents one of the most uncontaminated astromaterial samples in Earth’s collection. The organic matter is presented as both nanocrystalline graphite and disordered polyaromatic carbon with high D/H and 15N/14N ratios (δD = +4,868 ± 2,288‰; δ15N = +344 ± 20‰) signifying an explicit extra-terrestrial origin. The contrasting organic feature (graphitic and disordered) substantiates the rubble-pile asteroid model of Itokawa, and offers support for material mixing in the asteroid belt that occurred in scales from small dust infall to cartographic impacts of large asteroidal parent bodies. Our analysis of Itokawa water indicates that the asteroid has incorporated D-poor water ice at the abundance on par with inner solar system bodies. The asteroid was metamorphosed and dehydrated on the formerly large asteroid, and was subsequently evolved via late-stage hydration, modified by D-enriched extraneous organics and water derived from a carbonaceous parent body.
EYS Mutations and Implementation of Minigene Assay for Variant Classification in EYS-Associated Retinitis Pigmentosa in Northern Sweden
Authors: Westin Ida Maria , Jonsson Frida , Österman Lennart , Holmberg Monica , Burstedt Marie , Golovleva Irina
Published: November 2020

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited retinal degenerations. The ortholog of Drosophila eyes shut/spacemaker, EYS on chromosome 6q12 is a major genetic cause of recessive RP worldwide, with prevalence of 5 to 30%. In this study, by using targeted NGS, MLPA and Sanger sequencing we uncovered the EYS gene as the second most common genetic cause of RP in northern Sweden accounting for at least 18%. The most frequent pathogenic variant was c.8648_8655del that in some patients was identified in cis with c.1155T>A, indicating Finnish ancestry. We also showed that two novel EYS variants, c.2992_2992+6delinsTG and c.3877+1G>A caused exon skipping in human embryonic kidney cells, HEK293T and in retinal pigment epithelium cells, ARPE-19 demonstrating that in vitro minigene assay is a straightforward tool for the analysis of intronic variants. We conclude, that whenever it is possible, functional testing is of great value for classification of intronic EYS variants and the following molecular testing of family members, their genetic counselling, and inclusion of RP patients to future treatment studies.
Relationship Between Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) Index, Body Composition and Blood Biochemical Markers in Overweight /Obese Compared to Normal Weight Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Madani Zahra , Javardi Maryam Moussavi , Khalili Ghazaleh , Djazayeri Sayed Abolghassem , Movahedi Ariyo , Karandish Majid
Published: November 2020

Background: Obesity is an important preventable disease, which promotes the development of chronic disorders by altering several factors including oxidative stress. Dietary antioxidants protect the body against oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) index with obesity and its associated features in adults.Methods: participants were divided in two groups of normal weight and overweight /obesity. General characteristics were registered and a 147-item food frequency questionnaire was completed. Thereafter, anthropometric measurements were conducted. Biochemical indices were obtained from science and Research branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Iran. The amount of the dietary ORAC index was estimated using the data provided by the USDA Foods Table.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the normal and overweight/obese groups in terms of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P=0.0001). Participants with normal weight consumed more fruits and vegetables than another group. Also, the dietary ORAC index in normal individuals was higher than the case group, but there was not significant difference (P=0.352). There was also a significant inverse correlation between dietary ORAC and BMI and WHR, whereas a significant positive correlation between dietary ORAC and plasma HDL was observed (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that dietary antioxidants is inversely associated with BMI, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total Cholesterol and LDL in both groups. It seems that following a diet rich in antioxidants can counteract obesity and its associated comorbidities.
The Protective Impacts of Spriulina Platensis Against Cisplatin-Induced Renal Injury Through The Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Bax/Bcl2 Expression Cascade
Authors: Abouzed Tarek , Soliman Mohamed , Khatab Shymaa , Elgazzar Ahmed , Gouda Wael , Dorghamm Doaa
Published: November 2020

One of the main antineoplastic chemotherapy medications is cisplatin; nephropathy is a major side effect of cisplatin. The current study investigates the molecular protective effect of Spirulina Platensis (SP) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Forty eight healthy male albino rats were allocated into 4 groups. Group 1 received saline intraperitoneally (IP) twice per week (normal rats). Group 2, received SP (100 mg/kg bw orally). Group 3 injected cisplatin (1.5mg/kg IP) twice per week. Group 4 received SP and at 4th day received cisplatin (1.5mg/kg IP) for 21 days. After 3 weeks of experimentation, blood and renal tissues were taken for serum analysis, gene expression using qRT-PCR and renal histopathology. SP significantly ameliorated the alterations in the body weight, relative kidney weight, and the disturbance in examined renal markers. Furthermore oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, NO, SOD, and GSH) induced by cisplatin were recovered and restored by SP. Cisplatin induced upregulation in the gene expression of TNF-α, iNOS, TGF1-β, IL-1β and IL-6 that were ameliorated by pre-administration of SP. Finally, cisplatin upregulated pro-apoptotic gene; Bax and downregulated anti-apoptotic gene; Bcl2. Of interest, SP mitigated this alteration in apoptosis and anti-apoptosis associated genes. Renal histopathology revealed the protective impacts of SP against cisplatin induced severe glomerular congestion, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, degeneration and sever necrosis in renal glomeruli and tubules. In conclusion, SP has protective impact against cisplatin induced renal damage through the modulation of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-necrotic and anti-apoptotic associated genes.
Layer Number Dependent Ferroelasticity in 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Organic-inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Xiao Xun , Zhou Jian , Song Kepeng , Zhao Jingjing , Zhou Yu , Rudd Peter , Han Yu , Li Ju , Huang Jinsong
Published: November 2020

Ferroelasticity represents material domains possessing spontaneous strain that can be switched by external stress. Three-dimensional (3D) perovskites like methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI), which have demonstrated efficient solar cells and photodetectors, are determined to be ferroelastic. Apart from 3D perovskites, Ruddlesden-popper layered perovskites have been applied in optoelectronic devices with outstanding performance. However, the understanding of lattice strain as well as ferroelasticity in 2D layered perovskites is still lacking. Here，using the in-situ observation of switching domains in layered perovskite single crystals under external strain, we discover the existence of ferroelasticity in layered perovskites with layer number more than one, while the 2D perovskites with single octahedra layer do not show ferroelasticity. Density functional theory calculation shows that ferroelasticity in 2D perovskites originates from the distortion of inorganic octahedra resulting from the rotation of aspherical methylammonium cations. Additionally, the absence of methylammonium cations in single layer perovskite is consistent with the lack of ferroelasticity. These ferroelastic domains do not induce non-radiative recombination or reduce the photoluminescence quantum yield appreciably, indicating the glissile ferroelastic twin boundaries are benign defects. Our findings provide scientific insights in understanding strain-dependent material properties in 2D perovskites and lead to new potential flexible electronics controlled by strain engineering.
Differences in Antibiotic and Antiviral Use in People With Confirmed Influenza: a Retrospective Comparison of Rapid Influenza PCR and Multiplex Respiratory Virus PCR Tests.
Authors: Yeung Victor Au , Thapa Kiran , Rawlinson William , Georgiou Andrew , Post Jeffrey , Overton Kristen
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory virus with clinical impacts on patient morbidity, mortality and hospital bed management. The effect of rapid nucleic acid testing (RPCR) in comparison to standard multiplex PCR (MPCR) diagnosis in treatment decisions is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether RPCR influenza testing in comparison to standard MPCR testing was associated with differences in antibiotic and antiviral (oseltamivir) utilisation and hospital length of stay in emergency department and inpatient hospital settings. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of positive influenza RPCR and MPCR patients was performed utilising data from the 2017 influenza season. Medical records of correlating patient presentations were reviewed for data collection. An analysis of RPCR versus MPCR patient outcomes was performed examining test turnaround time, antibiotic initiation, oseltamivir initiation and hospital length of stay for both emergency department and inpatient hospital stay. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess oseltamivir use in high risk populations for influenza complications. Statistical significance was assessed using Mann-Whitney test for numerical data and Chi-squared test for categorical data. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were calculated where appropriate.RESULTS Overall, 122 RPCR and 362 MPCR positive influenza patients were included in this study. Commencement of antibiotics was less frequent in the RPCR than MPCR cohorts (51% vs 67%; p <0.01, OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.34-0.79). People at high risk of complications from influenza who were tested with the RPCR were more likely to be treated with oseltamivir compared to those tested with the MPCR (76% vs 63%; p = 0.03, OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.07-3.08). Hospital length of stay was not impacted when either test was used in the emergency department and inpatient settings. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest utilisation of RPCR testing in influenza management can improve antibiotic stewardship through reduction in antibiotic use and improvement in oseltamivir initiation in those at higher risk of complications. Further research is required to determine other factors that may have influenced hospital length of stay and a cost-benefit analysis should be undertaken to determine the financial impact of the RPCR test.
Microchannelled chitosan sponge grafting with hydrophobic alkyl chain for enhanced noncompressible hemorrhage and tissue regeneration
Authors: Du Xinchen , Wu Le , Jiang Zhuyan , Yan Hongyu , Li Shilin , Li Wen , Cheng Zhaojun , Bai Yanli , Wang Hongjun , Kong Deling , Zhu Mei Feng , Wang Lianyong
Published: November 2020

Developing an anti-infective shape-memory hemostatic sponge with ability of guiding in situ tissue regeneration for noncompressible hemorrhage in civilian and battlefield settings remains a challenge. Here, hemostatic chitosan sponge with highly interconnective microchannels was engineered by combining 3D printed fiber leaching and freeze-drying methods and then modified with hydrophobic alkyl chains. The microchannelled alkylated chitosan sponge (MACS) exhibited a strong capacity for water/blood absorption and rapid shape recovery. Compared to clinically used gauze, gelatin sponge, CELOX, and CELOX-gauze, the MACS demonstrated higher pro-coagulant and hemostatic capacities in lethally normal/heparinized rat and pig liver perforation models. Also, it exhibited strong anti-infective activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Additionally, it promoted liver parenchymal cell infiltration, vascularization, and tissue integration in a rat liver defect model. Overall, the MACS demonstrated promising clinical translational potential in cost effectively treating lethal noncompressible hemorrhage and in facilitating wound healing.
Wittig reagents for chemoselective sulfenic acid ligation enables global site stoichiometry analysis and redox-controlled mitochondrial targeting
Authors: Shi Yunlong , Fu Ling , Yang Jing , Carroll Kate
Published: November 2020

Triphenylphosphonium ylides, known as Wittig reagents, are one of the most commonly used tools in synthetic chemistry. Despite their considerable versatility, Wittig reagents have not yet been explored for their utility in biological applications. Here, we introduce a new chemoselective ligation reaction that harnesses the reactivity of Wittig reagents and the unique chemical properties of sulfenic acid, a pivotal post-translational cysteine modification in redox biology. The reaction, which generates a covalent bond between the ylide nucleophilic α-carbon and electrophilic γ-sulfur is highly selective, rapid, and affords robust labeling under a range of biocompatible reaction conditions, including in living cells. We highlight the broad utility of this conjugation method to enable site-specific proteome-wide stoichiometry analysis of S-sulfenylation, visualize redox-dependent changes in mitochondrial cysteine oxidation, and redox-triggered TPP generation for controlled delivery of small molecules to mitochondria.
A Quality Indicator Set for Rehabilitation Services for People With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Demonstrates Adequate Responsiveness in A Pre–Post Evaluation
Authors: Sand-Svartrud Anne-Lene , Berdal Gunnhild , Azimi Maryam , Bø Ingvild , Dager Turid , Eppeland Siv , Fredheim Guro , Hagland Anne , Klokkeide Åse , Linge Anita , Tennebø Kjetil , Valaas Helene , Aasvold Ann Margret , Dagfinrud Hanne , Kjeken Ingvild
Published: November 2020

Background: Quality of care is gaining increasing attention in research, clinical practice, and health care planning. Methods for quality assessment and monitoring, such as quality indicators (QIs), are needed to ensure health services in line with norms and recommendations. The aim of this study was to assess the responsiveness of a newly developed QI set for rehabiliation for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Methods: We used two yes/no questionnaires to measure quality from both the provider and patient perspectives, scored in a range of 0%–100% (best score, 100%). We collected QI data from a multicenter stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial (the BRIDGE trial) that compared traditional rehabilitation with a new BRIDGE program designed to improve quality and continuity in rehabilitation. Assessment of the responsiveness was performed as a pre–post evaluation: Providers at rehabilitation centers in Norway completed the center-reported QIs (n=19 structure indicators) before (T1) and 6–8 weeks after (T2) adding the BRIDGE intervention. The patient-reported QIs comprised 14 process and outcomes indicators, measuring quality in health services from the patient perspective. Pre-intervention patient-reported data were collected from patients participating in the traditional program (T1), and post-intervention data were collected from patients participating in the BRIDGE program (T2). The patient groups were comparable. We used a construct approach, with a priori hypotheses regarding the expected direction and magnitude of PR changes between T1 and T2. For acceptable responsivess, at least 75% of the hypotheses needed to be confirmed. Results: All eight participating centers and 82% of the patients (293/357) completed the QI questionnaires. Responsiveness was acceptable, with 44 of 53 hypotheses (83%) confirmed for single indicators and 3 of 4 hypotheses (75%) confirmed for the sum scores. Conclusion: We found this QI set for rehabilitation to be responsive when applied in rehabilitation services for adults with various RMD conditions. We recommend this QI set as a timely method for establishing quality-of-rehabilitation benchmarks, promoting important progress toward high-quality rehabilitation, and tracking trends over time.Trial registration The study is part of the larger BRIDGE trial, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03102814)
Disrespectful Care in Family Planning Services Among Youth and Adult Simulated Clients in Public Sector Facilities in Malawi.
Authors: Hazel Elizabeth , Mohan Diwakar , Chirwa Ephraim , Phiri Mary , Kachale Fannie , Msukwa Patrick , Katz Joanne , Marx Melissa
Published: November 2020

Background Provision of high-quality family planning (FP) services improves access to contraceptives. Negative experiences in maternal health have been documented worldwide and likely occur in other services including FP. This study aims to quantify disrespectful care for adult and adolescent women accessing FP in Malawi. Methods We used simulated clients (SCs) to measure disrespectful care in a census of public facilities in six districts of Malawi in 2018. SCs visited one provider in each of the 112 facilities: two SCs visits (one adult and one adolescent case scenario) or 224 SC visits total. We measured disrespectful care using a quantitative tool and field notes and report the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for the indicators and by SC case scenarios contextualized with quotes from the field notes. Results Some SCs (12%) were refused care because they did not agree to receive a HIV test or vaccination, or the clinic was closed during operating hours. Over half (59%) of the visits did not have privacy. The SCs were not asked their contraceptive preference in 57% of the visits, 28% reported they were not greeted respectfully, and 20% reported interruptions. In 18% of the visits the SCs reported humiliation such as verbal abuse. Conclusions We documented instances of refusal of care, lack of privacy, poor client centered care and humiliating treatment by providers. We recommend continued effort to improve quality of care with an emphasis on client treatment, regular quality assessments that include measurement of disrespectful care, and more research on practices to reduce it.