bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Thermal Model for a Hybrid Gas Bearing System in Oil-Free Turbochargers
Authors: Jung Wonbae , Delgado Adolfo , Dudlo Anthony , Kang Sang-Guk , Kweon Chol-Bum M.
Published: September 2024

With little drag friction, gas bearings operate at high rotor speed and high temperature and thus enable long operating life along with material damping for mechanical energy dissipation. However, most computational tools for modeling gas bearings are not accessible to bearing manufacturers or potential end-users, and the models are restricted to specific geometries and operating conditions or are missing important features, thus limiting their utility. This paper presents the thermal energy transport in a hybrid gas bearing (HGB) for oil-free turbochargers (TCs) with integrated heat and fluid flow models to produce a comprehensive thermohydrodynamic analysis predictive tool and to design and evaluate air-lubricated gas bearings by predictions and experiments. An efficient algorithm couples the solution of the Reynolds equations and the thermal energy transport equations in the film between the rotor and a pad of the hybrid gas bearing and updates the temperature-dependent viscosity and film thicknesses during the iterative process. The balance of the bulk-flow thermal energy transport is that the summation of drag power losses plus heat convection into the film equals to the thermal energy advected by the film. The predictions show that the film temperature varies along circumferential and axial directions by following the balance of the energy flows and shows high film temperatures corresponding to the small film thicknesses and thus large film pressures. The predicted result also shows that the peak temperature of the film occurs at the exit side of the film near the trailing edge of each pad. Thermocouples installed axially at the leading and trailing edges of each pad measure temperature of the film to validate the thermal module. The test repeats and averaged for each rotor speed from 2 krpm to 22 krpm at intervals of 2 krpm, for supply pressure varying along 25 psi to 100 psi, and predicted film temperature matches well with the measured one. The parameters of interest in this analysis include the gas supply condition, bearing configuration, and the gas properties at high altitudes and high rotation speeds. The parametric study results show that the density and kinematic viscosity are the most dominant properties of the gas lubrication for the film temperature.
Large Eddy Simulation of Ammonia–Hydrogen Nonpremixed Flames Stabilized on a Bluff Body Burner
Authors: Xia Yu , Verma Ishan , Shrivastava Sourabh , Nakod Pravin , Fletcher David F. , Dally Bassam
Published: September 2024

The demand for carbon-free fuels such as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) has been growing rapidly due to stricter environmental policies on carbon emissions. Since ammonia is easier to store and transport, it is considered the leading alternative fuel for marine, aviation, and gas turbine industries. However, the narrow flammability, low reactivity, and potential emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are important challenges that need to be overcome if ammonia is to be used as a practical fuel for industrial use. Recent works have provided important experimental data on the characteristics of NH3 flames under premixed and nonpremixed combustion modes, focusing on flame speed, turbulence–chemistry interaction, and especially the dissociation/cracking of NH3 into H2 and N2. These measurements have encouraged the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the simulation and scaling of practical ammonia systems, evaluating the performance of different numerical models for NH3 combustion. In this study, large eddy simulation (LES) is utilized to predict a series of NH3/H2/N2 nonpremixed flames stabilized on a bluff body burner. The accuracy of the flamelet generated manifold (FGM) combustion model combined with LES has been examined, using a commercial CFD solver. The different cracking levels of NH3 into H2 and N2 lead to simulation cases ranging from an H2/N2 flame (i.e., “fully cracked”) to a flame with 50% NH3 (i.e., “half cracked”). The different flame shapes, temperature distributions, NOx, and unburnt NH3 emissions have all been simulated, generally matching well the available experimental data. The developed model settings and numerical workflows may be applied to simulating more complex combustors which use NH3 as a fuel.
Experimental Investigation Using Robust Deep VMD-ICA and 1D-CNN for Condition Monitoring of Roller Element Bearing
Authors: Salunkhe Vishal G. , Khot S. M. , Jadhav Prashant S. , Yelve Nitesh P. , Kumbhar Mahadev B.
Published: September 2024

A rotor-bearing system experiences numerous vibrations during the operation that frequently degrade performance and endanger operational safety. Roller-bearing failure has significant consequences, leading to downtime or a complete outage of rotating machinery. It is crucial to detect and diagnose incipient bearing defects promptly to ensure optimal operation of the machinery and minimize potential disruptions to the process. Deep independent component analysis is a necessity used in modern condition monitoring to detect bearing failures prior to their occurrence. To address this issue, the feasibility of utilizing the deep independent component analysis (ICA) method based on the variational modal decomposition (VMD) with a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) to diagnose the incipient bearing defect. Fast Fourier techniques are utilized to extract the vibration signatures of artificially damaged bearings on a newly built test bed. VMD addresses to minimize data noise by allowing data to decompose into various sub-datasets for the extraction of incipient defect features. With weak defect characteristic signal and noise interference, the deep VMD-ICA model and 1D-CNN simplicity improved the accuracy of diagnosis corresponding to the experimental results. Moreover, deep VMD-ICA with 1D-CNN has demonstrated strong performance compared to experimental results and is helpful in monitoring the condition of industrial machinery. The results reveal that this fault diagnosis approach is reliable, with a diagnostic accuracy of 98.93% for bearing faults.
NZFC’s Diversity and Inclusion Strategy
Authors: Boniface-Webb Tom
Published: September 2024

In 2022 the New Zealand Film Commission (NZFC) published its first fully comprehensive diversity and inclusion strategy, He Ara Whakaurunga Kanorau. The ambitious strategy aspired to draw together the existing framework of individually focused diversity funds, including those for Māori and women filmmakers, with an overarching set of policy intentions that aimed to position filmmakers from underrepresented groups at the forefront of the agency’s funding strategy. This article looks at how the NZFC aims to normalise its work in the diversity space through the creation of targeted funding strategies, and how the agency’s idealism, most notable in the breadth of the Diversity and Inclusion strategy and its sometimes nebulous content, can clash with the work of individual filmmakers, many of whom produce films that do not assimilate with the artificial framework. However, institutional intervention in the film industry undoubtedly plays a significant part in creating a vibrant national cinema for Aotearoa New Zealand that gives voice to many filmmakers who might have otherwise not been heard.
Briefe einer Antifaschistin: 1941
Authors: Obermayer August
Published: September 2024

Diese Eintragungen zeichnen das tägliche Leben während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus auf, wie es Charlotte Angermann, Einwohnerin von Dresden, während des Zweiten Weltkrieges erlebte. Angermann beschreibt Bombenangriffe auf andere deutsche Städte, den Mangel an Lebensnotwendigem, der von der allgemeinen Bevölkerung erlitten wurde und den Tod von Freunden und Familienmitgliedern. Diese kurzen Texte erscheinen in Form einer direkten Anrede an ihre Tochter, Marianne Angermann-Bielschowsky, die, zusammen mit ihrem Ehemann, dem deutsch-jüdischen Internisten Franz Bielschowsky, in Großbritannien wohnte, wo beide an der Universität Sheffield einer Forschungstätigkeit nachgingen.
These texts record daily life under National Socialism during the Second World War as it was experienced by Charlotte Angermann in Dresden. Angermann describes bombing raids on other German cities, the rationing of food and shortages of consumer goods, and the deaths of friends and family members. These short journal entries are written in the form of a direct address to Charlotte’s daughter, Marianne Angermann-Bielschowsky, who lived with her husband, the German-Jewish physician Franz Bielschowsky, in Great Britain where they both worked as researchers at the University of Sheffield.
A study on calibration methods of noise annoyance data from listening tests
Authors: Di Guoqing , Chen Yuhua , Li Zhengguang , Li Hanxin
Published: September 2024

In listening tests of noise annoyance, subjects act as “measuring instruments”. Noise annoyance of different subjects induced by a same noise sample, or noise annoyance of a same subject induced by a same noise sample in different experimental groups, are different due to the varying psychological scale of subjects. To unify subjects' psychological scale and accurately determine perceived annoyance, it is necessary to investigate the optimal noise annoyance data calibration method. Based on the master scale transformation, three kinds of annoyance data calibration methods, i.e., individual annoyance data calibration, sound sample annoyance data calibration, and a combination of both methods, were explored. The effectiveness of three methods for unifying subjects' psychological scale was ascertained. Results showed that the individual annoyance data calibration was the most effective among the three calibration methods. After calibration, the difference between annoyance induced by a same sound sample in any two different experimental sound sample groups declined significantly. The determination coefficient of the fitting curve between psychoacoustic annoyance and perceived annoyance, R2, upgraded significantly. By comprehensively applying listening test methods and annoyance data calibration methods suggested in this study, the psychological scale of the subjects can be as unified as possible.
High-fidelity teleportation of a logical qubit using transversal gates and lattice surgery
Authors: Ryan-Anderson C. , Brown N. C. , Baldwin C. H. , Dreiling J. M. , Foltz C. , Gaebler J. P. , Gatterman T. M. , Hewitt N. , Holliman C. , Horst C. V. , Johansen J. , Lucchetti D. , Mengle T. , Matheny M. , Matsuoka Y. , Mayer K. , Mills M. , Moses S. A. , Neyenhuis B. , Pino J. , Siegfried P. , Stutz R. P. , Walker J. , Hayes D.
Published: September 2024

Quantum state teleportation is commonly used in designs for large-scale quantum computers. Using Quantinuum’s H2 trapped-ion quantum processor, we demonstrate fault-tolerant state teleportation circuits for a quantum error correction code—specifically the Steane code. The circuits use up to 30 qubits at the physical level and employ real-time quantum error correction. We conducted experiments on several variations of logical teleportation circuits using both transversal gates and lattice surgery. We measured the logical process fidelity to be 0.975 ± 0.002 for the transversal teleportation implementation and 0.851 ± 0.009 for the lattice surgery teleportation implementation as well as 0.989 ± 0.002 for an implementation of Knill-style quantum error correction.
Who cares about lab rodents?
Authors: Davies Gail , Kirk Robert G. W. , Greenhough Beth , Hobson-West Pru , Myelnikov Dmitriy , Roe Emma
Published: September 2024

Humanities and social sciences help advance “cultures of care” around laboratory animal science and welfare
The coming microbial crisis: Our antibiotic bubble is about to burst
Authors: Bäumler Andreas J.
Published: September 2024

This month, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly will convene its second High-Level Meeting on antimicrobial resistance
, urging UN member states to take decisive action against this growing threat. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released a
list of the drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections
that pose the greatest concern to public health. Yet, despite increasing warnings from infectious disease experts, the public remains largely unaware of the true scale of the problem. In a world where antibiotics still protect us from bacterial infections, we are shielded from experiencing antimicrobial resistance as an immediate threat to our daily lives.
The global war on island rats
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Invasive rodents wreak havoc on island wildlife. How we learned to fight back
NIH ends funding for key parasitology database
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: September 2024

Trove of data-mining resources on malaria and other killers will need donations to stay alive
Cronobacter sakazakii
lysozyme inhibitor LprI mediated by HmsP and c-di-GMP is essential for biofilm formation and virulence
Authors: Ji Xuemeng , Fan Dancai , Wang Jin , Zhang Bowei , Hu Yaozhong , Lv Huan , Wu Jing , Sun Yi , Liu Jingmin , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuo
Published: September 2024

Cronobacter sakazakii
poses a significant threat, particularly to neonates and infants. Despite its strong pathogenicity, understanding of
C. sakazakii
biofilms and their role in infections remains limited. This study investigates the roles of HmsP and c-di-GMP in biofilm formation and identifies key genetic and proteomic elements involved. Gene knockout experiments reveal that HmsP and c-di-GMP are linked to biofilm formation in
C. sakazakii
. Comparative proteomic profiling identifies the lysozyme inhibitor protein LprI, which is downregulated in
hmsP
knockouts and upregulated in c-di-GMP knockouts, as a potential biofilm formation factor. Further investigation of the
lprI
knockout strain shows significantly reduced biofilm formation and decreased virulence in a rat infection model. Additionally, LprI is demonstrated to bind extracellular DNA, suggesting a role in anchoring
C. sakazakii
within the biofilm matrix. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and virulence in
C. sakazakii
, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention and food production settings.

IMPORTANCE

Cronobacter sakazakii
is a bacterium that poses a severe threat to neonates and infants. This research elucidates the role of the lysozyme inhibitor LprI, modulated by HmsP and c-di-GMP, and uncovers a key factor in biofilm formation and virulence. The findings offer crucial insights into the molecular interactions that enable
C. sakazakii
to form resilient biofilms and persist in hostile environments, such as those found in food production facilities. These insights not only enhance our understanding of
C. sakazakii
pathogenesis but also identify potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions to prevent or mitigate infections. This work is particularly relevant to public health and the food industry, where controlling
C. sakazakii
contamination in powdered infant formula is vital for safeguarding vulnerable populations.
Complete genome sequence of aquaculture pond isolate,
Bacillus velezensis
M4019
Authors: Lee Po-Sen , Liou Chung-Yi , Chiu Yu-Che , Ma Cheng-Yu , Huang Po-Wei , Wang Liang-Chun
Published: September 2024

Bacillus velezensis
is commonly found in soil and has various antibacterial activities against animal and plant pathogens. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
Bacillus velezensis
strain M4019, isolated from a euryhaline aquaculture pond water in Yong-An, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. This pond-water-derived isolate, unlike common soil-derived isolates, may provide potentially different adaptations and antimicrobial cues for future research.
Metabolite dependence of antibiotic susceptibility in a gut microbe
Authors: Allison Kyle R.
Published: September 2024

Antibiotics save lives but can have unwanted effects on our gut microbes, thereby contributing to disease. A mechanistic understanding of how such microbes respond to antibiotics is hence critical. Recently in
mSphere
, Nilson et al. investigated the metabolite dependence of antibiotic susceptibility in
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
, an abundant and important member of our gut microbiota (R. Nilson, S. Penumutchu, F. S. Pagano, and P. Belenky, mSphere 9:e00103-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00103-24)
. Their uncovered findings suggest the possibility of potentiating antibiotics with metabolites to reduce post-antibiotic “blooming” of
B. thetaiotaomicron
and the associated development of gut symbiosis.
Human cytomegalovirus infection among febrile hematological cancer patients at the Uganda Cancer Institute
Authors: Guido Ocung , Lubwama Margaret , Kiconco Prossy , Okeng Alfred , Najjingo Irene , Aboce Emmanuel , Phiona Rembo , Nabbanja Hanifah , Ndagire Mariam , Eva Kamala , Enock Wekiya , Orem Jackson , Joloba Moses L. , Bwanga Freddie
Published: September 2024

Hematological cancers, including Leukemias and Lymphomas, and their associated chemotherapy and disease-specific factors, are linked to impaired granulocyte function and numbers, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections, often presenting as fever. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the significant opportunistic infections in these patients, but limited data exists on its seroprevalence and active infection burden among febrile hematological cancer patients in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study from June to August 2017 at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI). Blood samples from 161 febrile hematological cancer patients were collected. HCMV exposure was assessed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG and IgM antibodies, and active infection was confirmed with PCR testing and gel electrophoresis. IgG positivity indicated previous exposure, while positive IgM or PCR results indicated active infection. Overall, HCMV seroprevalence based on IgG and/or IgM positivity was 106/161 (66%). IgG alone, IgM alone, and combined IgG/IgM positivity prevalence rates were 57/161 (35.4%), 22/161 (13.6%), and 27/161 (16.7%), respectively. HCMV DNA PCR was positive in 5 of the 161 (3%) samples. Among PCR-positive patients, one (20%) was positive for IgG alone, two (40%) for IgM alone, and two (40%) for both IgG and IgM. Active infection based on positive IgM and HCMV DNA PCR was found in 23 of the 161 (14.3%) patients. Two-thirds of febrile patients with hematological malignancies in Uganda had been exposed to HCMV infection, with 14.3% showing active infection. Routine testing for active HCMV infection among febrile hematological cancer patients at the UCI is essential for timely and appropriate antiviral treatment.

IMPORTANCE

In this paper, we demonstrated that over two-thirds of feverish patients with blood cancers such as leukemia at the Uganda Cancer Institute are already exposed to a type of virus infection called the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and 14% of the patients have active disease due to this virus. This was confirmed through finding blood samples testing positive for a type of protective antibody called IgM and also upon virus DNA detection in the blood of those patients. Routine testing for this virus is not usually done in the study settings. Our findings reveal and emphasize the importance of routinely testing blood samples for active infection with this virus among the feverish patients with blood cancers in the study settings, and prompt initiation of antiviral treatment of the actively infected patients
Impact of stress hyperglycemia on outcomes in patients with large ischemic stroke
Authors: Shi Xiaolei , Yang Shihai , Guo Changwei , Sun Wenzhe , Song Jiaxing , Fan Shitao , Yang Jie , Yue Chengsong , Huang Jiandi , Li Linyu , Tian Yan , Ma Jinfu , Xu Xu , Wang Zhixi , Kong Weilin , Ye Dongsheng , Peng Zhouzhou , Li Fengli , Zi Wenjie
Published: September 2024

Background

Clinical evidence of the potential influence of stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) for patients with large ischemic stroke whether or not receiving endovascular therapy is not clear.

Methods

This study was a subanalysis of a prospective, multicenter registry, and included 745 patients with large ischemic stroke across 38 centers in China. A total of 427 patients were included in this study, with 285 received endovascular therapy (EVT) and 142 received standard medical therapy (SMT). SHR was defined as glucose (mmol/L)/(1.59 × HbA1C)–2.59. The primary outcome was a moderate neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤3) at 90 days.

Results

A significant interaction was observed between SHR and whether received EVT (p=0.017). Among patients who received EVT (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.46; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.92; p=0.029), patients in the highest tertile of SHR were significantly less likely to achieve a moderate neurological outcome at 90 days compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, this association was not observed in patients receiving SMT (aOR 2.46; 95% CI 0.74 to 8.21; p=0.142). EVT patients with higher SHR had a significantly higher incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage compared with lower SHR (aOR 3.29; 95% CI 1.08 to 10.06; p=0.036), while such an association was not observed in the SMT group (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 0.56 to 4.12; p=0.410).

Conclusions

In patients with large ischemic stroke treated with EVT, SHR is associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving a moderate neurological outcome, as well as an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2100051664.
Influence of dynamic change of radial clearance on flow and thermal characteristics of full ceramic angular contact ball bearing
Authors: Wang Zhan , Zheng Qinghua , Liu Zhenpeng , Zhang Ye
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to investigate the change in radial clearance. The study focuses on the influence of this change on the internal flow distribution and thermal characteristics of full ceramic angular contact ball bearing under oil–gas two-phase flow lubrication. Using elastic theory to compute changes in radial clearance due to elastic deformation, centrifugal displacement, and thermal expansion. A theoretical model calculating the inner ring displacement and radial clearance values was established. Next, a numerical analysis model, based in two-phase flow lubrication theory, was used to analyze the flow field characteristics. Fluid–structure interaction techniques were used to assess the changing effects of radial clearance changes on the flow field and thermal behaviors within the bearing cavity. The accuracy of the simulation was verified by a bearing temperature rise test. The results indicate that the oil phase, primarily affected by centrifugal forces, tends to concentrate around the outer ring of the bearing. As the interference fit increases, the radial clearance diminishes, resulting in a lower oil phase volume fraction. A decrease in bearing temperature rise was observed with radial clearance increasing, showing that a larger radial clearance can mitigate the heat generated within the bearing.
Coherence resonance in a memristive map neuron and adaptive energy regulation
Authors: Chen Yixuan , Yang Feifei , Wang Chunni
Published: September 2024

Involvement of memristive term and additive physical variables including magnetic flux and charge can enhance the physical description of the biophysical neurons. Neural circuits coupled with memristors can be built and tamed to mimic the intrinsic biophysical characteristics and dynamical properties of biological neurons, and these memristive oscillator models are effective in predicting the mode transition in neural activities and self-organization in collective electric behaviors of neural networks. Any proposal of memristive map neurons requires reliable physical description. For example, the energy definition and self-adaptive working mechanism are crucial to verify the reliability of memristive maps. A capacitive variable is useful to describe the membrane potential, while the complexity of ion channels requires careful evaluation and description by using inductive variables relative to the electromagnetic field. In this work, a charge-controlled memristor is connected to an inductor in series for building a hybrid ion channel, and then a capacitor and a nonlinear resistor are combined to couple the ion channel. As a result, a simple memristive neural circuit is designed to discern the inner effect of electric field and magnetic field synchronously. The energy function is defined and verified with theoretical proof. Furthermore, a linear transformation is applied to convert this memristive neuron into a memristive map with an exact energy description, in which its dynamics and mode transition will be controlled by an adaptive law when its energy is beyond the threshold. Additive noise is imposed to induce coherence resonance, which can be detected by using the statistical analysis and average value for Hamilton energy function during changes in noise intensity. This scheme provides guidance for energy definition in memristive maps and the intrinsic energy regulation mechanism in neural activities is explained from physical and dynamical aspects.
A MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FRACTAL GEOMETRIC POTENTIAL MEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF 6G AND BEYOND
Authors: TIAN DAN , HUANG ZIXUAN , XIANG JINGJING
Published: September 2024

In recent years, there has been a considerable increase of interest in the sixth-generation (6G) communications. The advent of 6G wireless communications will facilitate a comprehensive upgrade and transformation of the industry, enabling higher data rates, lower latency, and ubiquitous connectivity. Research on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is a crucial element in the advancement of 6G wireless communications. In this paper, we examine the impact of geometric potential on MEMS within the context of fractal space, where a fractal geometric potential MEMS model is proposed and the critical conditions that govern the pull-in phenomenon are elucidated. Moreover, a periodic solution of the model is proposed and compared with other numerical methods.
Machine Learning for Actionable Warning Identification: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Ge Xiuting , Fang Chunrong , Li Xuanye , Sun Weisong , Wu Daoyuan , Zhai Juan , Lin Shang-Wei , Zhao Zhihong , Liu Yang , Chen Zhenyu
Published: September 2024

Actionable Warning Identification (AWI) plays a crucial role in improving the usability of static code analyzers. With recent advances in Machine Learning (ML), various approaches have been proposed to incorporate ML techniques into AWI. These ML-based AWI approaches, benefiting from ML’s strong ability to learn subtle and previously unseen patterns from historical data, have demonstrated superior performance. However, a comprehensive overview of these approaches is missing, which could hinder researchers and practitioners from understanding the current process and discovering potential for future improvement in the ML-based AWI community. In this article, we systematically review the state-of-the-art ML-based AWI approaches. First, we employ a meticulous survey methodology and gather 51 primary studies from January 1, 2000 to January 9, 2023. Then, we outline a typical ML-based AWI workflow, including warning dataset preparation, preprocessing, AWI model construction, and evaluation stages. In such a workflow, we categorize ML-based AWI approaches based on the warning output format. In addition, we analyze the key techniques used in each stage, along with their strengths, weaknesses, and distribution. Finally, we provide practical research directions for future ML-based AWI approaches, focusing on aspects such as data improvement (e.g., enhancing the warning labeling strategy) and model exploration (e.g., exploring large language models for AWI).
Malicious Participants and Fake Task Detection Incorporating Gaussian Bias
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhao Delei , Zhao Guosheng
Published: September 2024

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is a combination of crowdsourcing ideas and mobile sensing devices, designed to enable rational allocation of resources at scale. However, the MCS platform is highly vulnerable to injection attacks from malicious participants and fake tasks that interfere with platform service capabilities and sensing activities. To this end, the participant and task submission process is modeled as a multivariate time series, and a detection model for malicious participants and fake tasks (MP-FTD) with a Gaussian prior on the attentional mechanism and a two-stage adversarial training process is proposed. The attention mechanism was corrected using Gaussian bias, and then the corrected attention mechanism was used to obtain the correlation discrepancies between the data. Using the adversarial training method of Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), the output of the correlation discrepancy reconstruction phase is transformed into a focus score, to amplify the reconstruction error in the output of the focus score reconstruction phase, and to improve the differentiation between the injected data and normal data of malicious attackers. The detection of these malicious attackers will effectively improve the robustness of the sensing platform. Experiments on six real-world datasets showed that the average F1-score reached 93.44%, outperforming the current baseline method, and resulting in an average 12.07% improvement in participant assignment accuracy and an average 12.25% improvement in task assignment accuracy in task assignment experiments.
Understanding the Effect of Lithium Nitrate as Additive in Carbonate-Based Electrolytes for Silicon Anodes
Authors: Graf Maximilian , Reuter Lennart , Qian Simon , Calmus Tom , Bernhard Rebecca , Haufe Stefan , Gasteiger Hubert A.
Published: September 2024

Due to its high specific capacity, silicon is one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, its large volumetric changes upon (de)lithiation of ∼300% lead to a rupture/re-formation of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) upon cycling, resulting in continuous electrolyte consumption and irreversible loss of lithium. Therefore, it is crucial to use electrolyte systems that form a more stable SEI that can withstand large volume changes. Here, we investigate lithium nitrate (LiNO3) and lithium nitrite (LiNO2) as electrolyte additives. Linear scan voltammetry on carbon black working electrodes in a half-cell configuration with LiNO3-containing 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC (1/2 v/v) revealed a two-step reduction mechanism, whereby the first reduction peak could be attributed to the conversion of LiNO3 to LiNO2, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on harvested electrodes suggests the formation of Li3N during the second reduction peak. On-line electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS) on carbon black electrodes showed that N2O gas is evolved upon the reduction of LiNO3- and LiNO2-containing electrolytes but that the gassing associated with EC reduction is significantly reduced. Furthermore, OEMS and voltammetry were used to examine the redox chemistry of LiNO2 additive. Finally, LiNO3 and LiNO2 additives significantly improved the cycle-life of Si||NCM622 full-cells.
Eco-Friendly Voltammetric Analysis of Flibanserin with Electropolymerized β-Cyclodextrin on Carbon Sensors
Authors: Kandeel Nihal H. , Boltia Shereen A. , Hegazy Maha A. , Hendawy Hassan A.
Published: September 2024

This study developed a cost-effective method to determine flibanserin (FLN) using a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with β-Cyclodextrin polymer (SPCE/β-CD). The electrode was modified in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 5.0 to enhance FLN’s electrochemical oxidation, with cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry used for detection. Characterization techniques included energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The method showed a linear response to FLN concentrations ranging from 5.2 to 80.0 ng ml−1, with a detection limit of 0.004 μM and a quantitation limit of 0.014 μM. The modified electrode demonstrated good sensitivity, reproducibility, and was applied successfully to FLN analysis in spiked human serum and urine samples. An environmental impact assessment was conducted using the Green Analytical Procedure Index, which evaluates the green characteristics of the entire analytical methodology from sample collection to final determination. Additionally, the Analytical Eco-Scale, which assesses the use of organic preparations, procedures, and instruments, demonstrated a favorable green analysis profile. This modified electrode provides a convenient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach for determining flibanserin in various matrices.
Numerical Comparative Investigating of PEMFC with Novel Hybrid Zigzag Channels: Reaction, Transport and Drainage Enhancements
Authors: Xiao Congda , Tian Shaopeng , Guo Hui , Wang Long , Pan Yuxin , Yang Shujin , Xie Wenlong
Published: September 2024

The impact of flow channel design on mass transport and drainage in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is significant, thereby influencing the reaction rate. Based on conventional wavy design, this study introduces two novel hybrid zigzag flow channels (asynchronous and synchronous) with both zigzag sidewalls and bottom wall, aiming in further improving mass and heat transfer, as well as drainage capacity to achieve better fuel cell performance. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the net power densities of both asynchronous and synchronous hybrid zigzag channels show a 28.7% and 44.4% improvement at low voltage, respectively. The implementation of the asynchronous hybrid zigzag flow channel has been observed to result in a notable reduction in pressure drop, amounting to 9.2%, while concurrently enhancing power output by 10.7% in comparison to a conventional zigzag channel. Additionally, the novel hybrid zigzag designs improve mass transfer efficiency at high current density and exhibits better temperature distribution uniformity. Moreover, the volume of fluid simulations illustrate that hybrid zigzag channels are highly effective in removing accumulated water, surpassing the straight channel with a drainage rate exceeding 54%, as well as a lower surface liquid coverage.
Effect of Superfilling and Leveling Inhibitors in Hybrid Additives on the Microstructure Evolution of Electroplated Copper Interconnect Films during Self-Annealing
Authors: Han Silin , Zhang Mengyun , Chen Yuhang , Wu Yunwen , Li Ming , Hang Tao
Published: September 2024

As the feature size shrinks, the main challenge for copper interconnect electroplating is to minimize interconnect resistance while ensuring the void-free feature filling, which is realized by the interaction of additives during electroplating. Among additives, hybrids are considered suitable for damascene filling because they combine type-I (superfilling) and type-II (leveling) inhibitors. However, it is generally believed that the more inhibitory an additive is, the more impurities it introduces into the films, thereby hindering grain growth during self-annealing, which paradoxically limits the conductivity of copper interconnects. To balance the inhibition of hybrid additives with their ability to introduce impurities, the effect of hybrid additives on the microstructure evolution of the films during self-annealing is explored in terms of texture, grain size, and impurity density, which are considered to determine the conductivity of copper films. We find that the {111} texture increases as the percentage of type-I inhibitors increases, whose relative texture coefficient reaches 97% after self-annealing due to the adsorption of hybrid additives on non-〈111〉-oriented crystal planes. Additionally, the impurity content and grain size increase as type-I inhibition increases, and so does the film conductivity after self-annealing, due to the possible promotion from impurities to the grain growth.
The liver as a central “hub” of the immune system: pathophysiological implications
Authors: Ronca Vincenzo , Gerussi Alessio , Collins Paul , Parente Alessandro , Oo Ye Htun , Invernizzi Pietro
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this review is to describe the immune function of the liver, guiding the reader from the homeostatic tolerogenic status to the aberrant activation demonstrated in chronic liver disease. An extensive description of the pathways behind the inflammatory modulation of the healthy liver will be provided focusing on the complex immune cell network residing within the liver. The limit of tolerance will be presented in the context of organ transplantation, seizing the limits of homeostatic mechanisms that fail in accepting the graft, progressing eventually toward rejection. The triggers and mechanisms behind chronic activation in metabolic liver conditions and viral hepatitis will be discussed. The last part of the review will be dedicated to one of the greatest paradoxes for a tolerogenic organ, developing autoimmunity. Through the description of the three most common autoimmune liver diseases, the autoimmune reaction against hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells will be dissected.
The Chemical Properties and Formation Mechanisms of Shallow Groundwater in the Guohe River Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Liang , Ge Weiya , Li Yunfeng , Chen Zongfang , Hua Jian , Lu Yuanzhi , Du Jingjing
Published: September 2024

An investigation of the distribution and control factors of groundwater is significant for the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources. This study analyzes the hydrogeochemical processes and control factors of shallow groundwater in the Guohe River Basin. A hydrogeological survey was conducted, and hydrochemical and hydrogen–oxygen isotopic data of 125 samples of surface water and groundwater were analyzed. The results showed that the total dissolved solid (TDS) content in shallow groundwater was 138–2967 mg/L, with an average of 831 mg/L. A decline in the TDS was observed from the upper to the lower reaches. The contents of the anions and cations in the shallow groundwater were in the order HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− and Na+ and K+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+, respectively. The cation exchange increased the aqueous concentrations of Na+ and K+, and the TDS content was highly correlated with the contents of Na+, Cl−, and SO42− ions. The δD and δ18O values in shallow groundwater increased from the upper to the lower reaches, with the mean δD values being −59.72‰, −53.58‰, and −47.17‰ and the mean δ18O values being −8.33‰, −7.37‰, and −6.43‰. The contribution rates of the recharge source, evaporation, and water–rock interaction to the groundwater TDS concentration were 20.4%, 29.5%, and 50.1%, respectively. The water–rock interaction dominated the formation of shallow groundwater in the Guohe River Basin. The dissolution of salt rock and gypsum contributed to ion formation in shallow groundwater. The research findings can be used to improve the groundwater quality in the Guohe River Basin.
Prediction of Water Infiltration of Three Types of Soil with Machine Learning in the Sahuayo River Basin
Authors: Lupián-Machuca Mitzi R. , Cruz-Cárdenas Gustavo , Flores-Magallón Rebeca , Silva-García José T. , Ochoa-Estrada Salvador , Martínez-Trinidad Sergio
Published: September 2024

Infiltration is the process by which surface water enters soil, is part of the regulatory ecosystem services, and is of the greatest importance for environmental and agricultural management. Its spatial and temporal variability is particular for each soil type and intended usage. The objective was to determine which of the land types and land uses provide the most ecosystem services based on their water infiltration and its spatial prediction. This study evaluated the Sahuayo River basin in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, on agricultural and agricultural land uses (Luvisols, Vertisols, and Leptosols). Sixty soil samples were collected at stratified random points, and their organic matter content, texture, and bulk density were assessed via laboratory methods. An analysis of variance with multiple means comparisons was performed on the infiltration variable results. The SCORPAN model was used to predict the infiltration spatial distribution using three machine learning algorithms (with default and hyperparameter tuning) and 11 variables. These variables correspond to topographic attributes, climate, soil properties, and remote sensing data. The model’s predictive power was evaluated using its mean square root error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values. The nonagricultural Leptosols had the highest infiltration capacity (fp = 2210.6 mm · h−1), whereas the agricultural Vertisols had the lowest infiltration capacity (fp = 275.8 mm · h−1). Both combinations significantly differed from each other. The highest precision model was recorded with the artificial neural network algorithm, which reported the lowest MAE and RMSE values for both variable selection methods in their default configurations and with hyperparameter adjustment.
A Comparative Study of Coprecipitation and Solvothermal Techniques for Synthesizing Pure and Cu‐Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Hussain Chnar I. , Hassan Yousif M. , Abed Farah A.
Published: September 2024

Tin oxide (SnO2), with its low resistivity properties and high transparency in the visible spectrum, makes it an attractive electron transfer layer (ETL) for use in perovskite solar cells. Here, we use two techniques, coprecipitation and solvothermal, to synthesize pure and 4% copper‐doped SnO2. The X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that the films synthesized using both methods have a crystalline structure with a tetragonal arrangement. Furthermore, the lack of any secondary peaks indicated the absence of mixed tin oxide (Sn2O4) or copper oxide (CuO) components. Additionally, it demonstrated that adding a 4% Cu doping concentration reduced the crystal size in both methods. The optical results indicate adequate transmission in the central range of the visible spectrum. Calculations were performed to find the energy gap of pure SnO2 in both techniques to be 3.85 eV and 4.17 eV, respectively. When we doped SnO2 with 4% Cu, this band gap energy decreased to 3.75 eV and 3.9 eV. Furthermore, with 4% Cu doping, the particle size decreases, as demonstrated by FESEM. The EDX spectroscopy images revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles consisted of copper, oxygen, and tin. The analysis of functional groups using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and the roughness analysis using AFM images showed a decrease in roughness from 46.1 nm to 12.3 nm in doped samples prepared by solvothermal synthesis, compared to those synthesized by the coprecipitation technique from 4.7 nm to 0.3 nm. We discovered that Cu plays an essential role in reducing nanocrystalline SnO2 particle sizes. In addition, the solvothermal technique is more impressive than coprecipitation in the synthesis of tin oxide nanostructure.
Mooring Pile of Floating Platform Dynamic Reliability Analysis under Wind and Wave Vibration: A Monte Carlo‐Based Numerical Case Study
Authors: Chen Tianyu , Yang Tonggai , Zhu Yanbo , Hu Qiong
Published: September 2024

As an important infrastructure, the floating platform plays a significant role in coastal and oceanic development. The single‐point mooring system anchored by piles has been widely used to support floating offshore platforms. However, few studies in the field of floating structures focused on the dynamic reliability and mechanical analysis of the mooring pile foundation under wind and wave vibration. A Monte Carlo‐based mooring pile reliability analysis method was introduced in this paper, which could consume the calculation source significantly. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, the dynamic reliability of the mooring pile system of the floating platform was analyzed and discussed. Finally, considering the material cost, the design of the mooring pile of floating platform was optimized. The simulation work presented here also will contribute to a deeper understanding of civil engineering works’ pile foundation.
Analytical Solution of the Projectile Motion Under a Linear Drag Force
Authors: Jobunga E. , Warui K. , Menge B. , Mugambi E. , Dillmann B.
Published: September 2024

Motion of a projectile in the absence of any resistive medium is quite ideal and has an exact analytical solution in classical mechanics. Ordinarily, projectiles move in a resistive medium which modify the acceleration of the body both in the horizontal and vertical directions. So far, the time of flight and the range arising from the solution of the classical problem due to the presence of a linear velocity‐dependent resistive force are not exact and can only be determined numerically. In this work, we attempt to solve the problem analytically. We resolve the underlying difficulty in the analytical problem by deriving an analytical function which guides the dynamics of the projectile and by calculating iteratively the falling time as a function of the maximum height reached. We show that the effect of the viscous drag force in the time of flight of the projectile may lead to time asymmetry in the upward and downward motion, reduced maximum height reached, time of flight, and range for any initial launching speed. The downward motion is established to take more time than the upward motion. We obtain excellent agreement between the calculated values and the computed trajectories.
ASCL1 Restrains ERK1/2 to Promote Survival of a Subset of Neuroendocrine Lung Cancers
Authors: Martin-Vega Ana , Earnest Svetlana A. , Augustyn Alexander , Wichaidit Chonlarat , Girard Luc , Peyton Michael , Minna John D. , Johnson Jane E. , Cobb Melanie H.
Published: September 2024

The transcription factor achaete–scute complexhomolog 1 (ASCL1) is a lineage oncogene that is central in growth and survival of the majority of small cell lung cancers and neuroendocrine (NE) non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that express it. Targeting ASCL1, or its downstream pathways, remains a challenge. Small cell lung cancers and NSCLC-NE that express ASCL1 exhibit relatively low ERK1/2 activity, in dramatic contrast to NSCLCs in which the ERK pathway plays a major role in pathogenesis. ERK1/2 inhibition in ASCL1-expressing lung tumor cells revealed downregulation of ERK1/2 pathway suppressors SPRY4, SPRED1, DUSP6, and the transcription factor ETV5, which regulates DUSP6. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing demonstrated that these genes are bound by ASCL1. Availability of a pharmacologic inhibitor directed mechanistic studies toward DUSP6, an ERK1/2-selective phosphatase, in a subset of ASCL1-high NE lung tumors. Inhibition of DUSP6 increased active ERK1/2, which accumulated in the nucleus. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of DUSP6 reduced proliferation and survival of these cancers. Resistance developed in DUSP6-knockout cells, indicating a bypass mechanism. Although targeting ASCL1 remains a challenge, our findings suggest that expression of ASCL1, DUSP6, and low phospho-ERK1/2 identifies NE lung cancers for which DUSP6 may be a therapeutic target.
Supplementary Figure 8 from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

Supporting data for POLQ inhibition effects