bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting associated genes for complex traits shared across East Asian and European populations under the framework of composite null hypothesis testing
Authors: Qiao Jiahao , Shao Zhonghe , Wu Yuxuan , Zeng Ping , Wang Ting
Published: September 2022

Background

Detecting trans-ethnic common associated genetic loci can offer important insights into shared genetic components underlying complex diseases/traits across diverse continental populations. However, effective statistical methods for such a goal are currently lacking.

Methods

By leveraging summary statistics available from global-scale genome-wide association studies, we herein proposed a novel genetic overlap detection method called CONTO (COmposite Null hypothesis test for Trans-ethnic genetic Overlap) from the perspective of high-dimensional composite null hypothesis testing. Unlike previous studies which generally analyzed individual genetic variants, CONTO is a gene-centric method which focuses on a set of genetic variants located within a gene simultaneously and assesses their joint significance with the trait of interest. By borrowing the similar principle of joint significance test (JST), CONTO takes the maximumPvalue of multiple associations as the significance measurement.

Results

Compared to JST which is often overly conservative, CONTO is improved in two aspects, including the construction of three-component mixture null distribution and the adjustment of trans-ethnic genetic correlation. Consequently, CONTO corrects the conservativeness of JST with well-calibratedPvalues and is much more powerful validated by extensive simulation studies. We applied CONTO to discover common associated genes for 31 complex diseases/traits between the East Asian and European populations, and identified many shared trait-associated genes that had otherwise been missed by JST. We further revealed that population-common genes were generally more evolutionarily conserved than population-specific or null ones.

Conclusion

Overall, CONTO represents a powerful method for detecting common associated genes across diverse ancestral groups; our results provide important implications on the transferability of GWAS discoveries in one population to others.
The squiggle tail (squig) mutation in mice is associated with a deletion in the mesenchyme homeobox 1 (Meox1) gene
Authors: Girard Jon P. , Tomasiello Jacqueline F. , Samuel-Constanzo Juan I. , Montero Nia , Kendra Angelina M. , King Thomas R.
Published: September 2022

Objective

We have taken a positional approach to assign the spontaneous squiggle tail (squig) mutation in mice to a specific gene defect.

Results

A large panel of backcross mice was produced and characterized to map squig to high genetic resolution on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 11. Two overlapping candidate genes that co-localized with squig (Meox1, for mesenchyme homeobox 1; and Gm11551, which encodes a lncRNA located entirely within the first intron of Meox1) were fully sequenced to discover any squig-specific defects. This analysis revealed a 3195 bp deletion that includes all of Meox1, Exon 1 but does not disrupt Gm11551. We recommend that the squig mutation be renamed Meox1squig, and suggest that this variant may offer an appropriate animal model for Klippel-Feil syndrome 2 (KFS2) in humans.
CD3Ɛ immune restorative ability induced by Maitake Pro4x in immunosupressed BALBc mice
Authors: Aguilera-Braico Diego Maximo , Balogh Gabriela A.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The aim of this research was to determine if the rich beta glucan compound called Maitake Pro4X can recover the T cell/NK population depleted by Dexamethasone treatment in lymph nodes from cancer-free BALBc female mice. A CD3Ɛ molecular FITC labelled marker was used to measure the effect of Maitake D-Fraction Pro4X (5 mg/kg) on T cell/NK cells populations employing flow cytometry from immunosuppressed female BALBc mice in lymph nodes. There were employed other molecular markers such as CD19, CD105, Ly6G.

Results

Maitake Pro4X (5 mg/kg) was able to recover 42.97% of the depleted CD3Ɛ FITC cell population level in Lymph nodes from immunosuppressed female BALBc mice from 4.328 ± 6.229 to 22.646 ± 12.393 (p < 0.01) using Flow Cytometry. Maitake was also able to significantly increase the Ly6G PE cell population with p < 0.05 in lymph nodes.
Comprehensive evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a gene-deleted variant pseudorabies virus attenuated vaccine
Authors: Li Ling , Du Yongfeng , Zhang Yanbin , Li Pengyu , Liu Xinyue , Zhang Xin , Li Jing , Zhang Tong , Li Xin , Xiao Dong , Liu Peng , Qi Peng , Xiao Jin
Published: September 2022

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant infections have caused a substantial economic impact on swine production in the absence of new powerful candidate vaccines. In this study, we developed and evaluated a gene-deleted variant pseudorabies virus (PRV)-attenuated vaccine, PRV GX-ΔTK/IES, in which the genes TK, gI, gE, US9 and US2 were deleted. During a study of innocuousness, all mice inoculated with PRV GX-ΔTK/IES survived, neither clinical signs nor pathological changes were observed, and viral genomes could not be detected in the blood and tissues. All piglets inoculated with high titres of PRV GX-ΔTK/IES remained clinically healthy, and neither fever nor clinical signs were observed. Viral detection results were negative in nasal swab samples, blood and tissue samples. Moreover, none of the cohabitated piglets seroconverted during a trial on horizontal transmission. The immunogenicity was assessed through a vaccination and challenge experiment in piglets. Piglets vaccinated with PRV GX-ΔTK/IES and the commercial vaccine were completely protected from subsequent PRV infection, and the level of immunity and protection induced by PRV GX-ΔTK/IES was better than that provided by the live commercial vaccine. Thus, PRV GX-ΔTK/IES is completely safe for both nontarget and target animals and can be regarded as a novel live gene-deleted PRV vaccine candidate.
Evidence of seasonal changes in airborne particulate matter concentration and occupation-specific variations in pulmonary function and haematological parameters among some workers in Enugu Southeast Nigeria: a randomized cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Ibeneme Sam Chidi , Ativie Rita Nkechi , Ibeneme Georgian Chiaka , Myezwa Hellen , Ezuma Amarachi Destiny , Nnamani Amaka , Ezeofor Salome , Nwankwo Maduabuchukwu Joseph , Ettu Theresa Ucheoma , Nwosu Akachukwu Omumuagwula , Okoye Ifeoma Joy , Fortwengel Gerhard
Published: September 2022

Background

Upsurge in cardiopulmonary dysfunctions in Enugu, Nigeria, involved mainly cement workers, automobile spray painters, woodworkers, and Cleaners and was worsened in the dry season, suggesting the need for an occupation-specific characterization of the disease features and seasonal evaluation of air quality for prevention and management.

Methods

We conducted a randomized cross-sectional study of eighty consenting participants (in Achara Layout, Enugu), comprising 20 cement workers (39.50 ± 14.95 years), 20 automobile spray painters (40.75 ± 9.85 years), 20 woodworkers (52.20 ± 9.77 years), and 20 cleaners (42.30 ± 9.06 years). The air quality, some haematological (fibrinogen-Fc, and C-reactive protein-CRP), and cardiopulmonary parameters were measured and analyzed using ANCOVA, at p < 0.05.

Results

The dry season particulate matter (PM) in ambient air exceeded the WHO standards in the New layout [PM10 = 541.17 ± 258.72 µg/m3; PM2.5 = 72.92 ± 25.81 µg/m3] and the University campus [PM10 = 244 ± 74.79 µg/m3; PM2.5 = 30.33 ± 16.10 µg/m3], but the former was twice higher. The PM differed significantly (p < 0.05) across the sites. Forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1) (F = 6.128; p = 0.001), and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (F = 5.523; p = 0.002), differed significantly across the groups. FEV1/FVC% was < 70% in cement workers (55.33%) and woodworkers (61.79%), unlike, automobile spray painters (72.22%) and cleaners (70.66%). FEV1 and work duration were significantly and negatively related in cement workers (r = -0.46; r2 = 0.2116; p = 0.041 one-tailed). CRP (normal range ≤ 3.0 mg/L) and Fc (normal range—1.5–3.0 g/L) varied in cement workers (3.32 ± 0.93 mg/L versus 3.01 ± 0.85 g/L), automobile spray painters (2.90 ± 1.19 mg/L versus 2.54 ± 0.99 mg/L), woodworkers (2.79 ± 1.10 mg/L versus 2.37 ± 0.92 g/L) and cleaners (3.06 ± 0.82 mg/L versus 2.54 ± 0.70 g/L).

Conclusion(s)

Poor air quality was evident at the study sites, especially in the dry season. Cement workers and automobile spray painters showed significant risks of obstructive pulmonary diseases while woodworkers had restrictive lung diseases. Cement workers and cleaners recorded the highest risk of coronary heart disease (CRP ≥ 3.0 mg/L). The similarity in Fc and CRP trends suggests a role for the inflammation-sensitive proteins in the determination of cardiovascular risk in cement workers and cleaners. Therefore, there are occupation-specific disease endpoints of public health concern that likewise warrant specific preventive and management approaches among the workers.
Self-reported pain among Cambodian Americans with depression: patient-provider communication as an overlooked social determinant
Authors: Berthold S. Megan , Feinn Richard , Bermudez-Millan Angela , Buckley Thomas , Buxton Orfeu M. , Kong Sengly , Kuoch Theanvy , Scully Mary , Ngo Tu Anh , Wagner Julie
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Pain is common among torture survivors and refugees. Clear communication about one’s pain is vital to timely and precise diagnosis and treatment but is rarely recognized as a social determinant of health. We examined whether self-reported difficulty communicating with their health care provider, along with standard social determinants, is associated with self-reported pain in Cambodian American refugees.

Methods

Secondary data analysis was conducted on n = 186 baseline assessments from a diabetes prevention trial of Cambodian Americans with depression. Bilingual, bicultural community health workers (CHWs) conducted surveys including social determinants of health and past week pain occurrence and interference.

Results

The sample was 78% female, modal household income = $25,000, mean age = 55 years, and mean education = 6.9 years. About one-third had private insurance and two-thirds could not speak English conversationally. The average pain score was 2.8 on a scale from 0–8 with 37% reporting no pain at all. In bivariate analyses, predictors of higher pain scores were higher difficulty understanding healthcare provider, depressive symptoms, trauma symptoms, food insecurity, and social isolation; predictors of lower pain scores were higher years of education, income, English language proficiency, social support, working, and having private insurance. In the multivariate backward elimination model only two predictors were retained: difficulty understanding healthcare provider and depressive symptoms.

Discussion

We propose that healthcare communication is a modifiable social determinant of health. Healthcare institutions should receive the resources necessary to secure patients’ rights to clear communication including trained community health workers.
A single centre study from western India to evaluate the frequency of developing second and subsequent multiple primary malignancies among cancer survivors
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Sharma Ajay , Patni Sanjeev , Gupta Anil , Ledwani Naresh , Saini Shashikant , Patni Nidhi , Bapna Ajay , Somani Naresh , Sharma Mudit , Verma Shubham , Sharma Gulshan Kumar , Nunia Vandana
Published: September 2022

Aim

This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of developing second and subsequent primary cancers among cancer survivors.

Methods

We have retrospectively analyzed 121 multiple primary cancer patients treated at Bhagwan Mahavir Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India from the last 20 years. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier methodology.

Results

The prevalence of multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs) was 1.51% (121/8000), with a male to female ratio of 1:1.42. In males most of the reported MPMTs were synchronous and most common first primary cancer cases were head & neck and lung whereas, in females most of the reported MPMTs were metachronous and most common first primary cancer cases were breast and gynaecological malignancies. Family history was reported in 15 cases. Maximum 33.05% patients received combined treatment of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and 91.73% (111/121) of patients with MPMTs were effectively followed up, 35 (28.92%) patients died and 5-year survival rate of the remaining 86 patients was 68.46%.

Conclusions

In the present observational study the most frequent sites of MPMTs in men were head & neck and lung whereas, in women breast and gynaecological sites were common. Therefore, careful monitoring and follow up are required for these patients.
Medical cannabis authorization patterns, safety, and associated effects in older adults
Authors: MacNair Laura , Kalaba Maja , Peters Erica N. , Feldner Matthew T. , Eglit Graham M. L. , Rapin Lucile , El Hage Cynthia , Prosk Erin , Ware Mark A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Use of medical cannabis is increasing among older adults. However, few investigations have examined cannabis use in this population.

Methods

We assessed the authorization patterns, safety, and effects of medical cannabis in a sub-analysis of 201 older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) who completed a 3-month follow-up during this observational study of patients who were legally authorized a medical cannabis product (N = 67). Cannabis authorization patterns, adverse events (AEs), Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale-revised (ESAS-r), and Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) data were collected.

Results

The most common symptoms for which medical cannabis was authorized were pain (159, 85.0%) and insomnia (9, 4.8%). At baseline and at the 3-month follow-up, cannabidiol (CBD)-dominant products were authorized most frequently (99, 54%), followed by balanced products (76, 42%), and then delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-dominant products (8, 4.4%). The most frequent AEs were dizziness (18.2%), nausea (9.1%), dry mouth (9.1%), and tinnitus (9.1%). Significant reductions in ESAS-r scores were observed over time in the domains of drowsiness (p = .013) and tiredness (p = .031), but not pain (p = .106) or well-being (p = .274). Significant reductions in BPI-SF scores over time were observed for worst pain (p = .010), average pain (p = .012), and overall pain severity (p = 0.009), but not pain right now (p = .052) or least pain (p = .141).

Conclusions

Overall, results suggest medical cannabis was safe, well-tolerated, and associated with clinically meaningful reductions in pain in this sample of older adults. However, the potential bias introduced by the high subject attrition rate means that all findings should be interpreted cautiously and confirmed by more rigorous studies.
Fire interval and post-fire climate effects on serotinous forest resilience
Authors: Agne Michelle C. , Fontaine Joseph B. , Enright Neal J. , Harvey Brian J.
Published: September 2022

Background

Climate change is eroding forest resilience to disturbance directly through warming climate and indirectly through increasing disturbance activity. Forests characterized by stand-replacing fire regimes and dominated by serotinous species are at risk when the inter-fire period is insufficient for canopy seed bank development and climate conditions for recruitment in the post-fire growing season are unsuitable. Although both factors are critical to serotinous forest persistence, their relative importance for post-fire regeneration in serotinous forests remains poorly understood. To assess the relative effects of each factor, we established plots in severely burned knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata Lemmon) forests in Oregon and California, USA, representing a range of past fire intervals (6 to 31+ years). Specifically, we evaluated effects of fire interval and pre-fire canopy seed bank (proxies for seed supply) and post-fire climate on three metrics of post-fire tree regeneration (seedling density, probability of self-replacement, percent population recovery).

Results

Seed supply consistently had the strongest effect on post-fire regeneration. Between 6- and 31-year fire intervals, post-fire seedling density increased from 1000 to 100,000 seedlings ha−1, while probability of self-replacement increased from ~ 0 to ~ 100% and percent population recovery increased from 20 to 2000% of the pre-fire population, respectively. Similarly, increasing the canopy seed bank by two orders of magnitude increased seedling density and percent population recovery by two orders and one order of magnitude, respectively, and increased the probability of self-replacement by > 50%. Greater post-fire climatic moisture deficit exacerbated the effect of seed supply; an additional 4–6 years between fires was required under high moisture stress conditions to reach similar regeneration levels as under low moisture stress conditions.

Conclusion

The overriding effect of seed supply—strongly driven by pre-fire stand age—on post-fire regeneration suggests that altered fire frequency (an indirect effect of climate change) will have a profound impact on serotinous forests. Although direct effects of hot and dry climate are lower in magnitude, they can alter forest recovery where seed supply nears a threshold. These findings reveal how fire interval and climate combine to determine changes in forest cover in the future, informing management and vulnerability mapping.
Screening for depressive symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: relationship with pain severity, disease activity, and sleep quality
Authors: Azzam Adel Ibrahim , Lamlom Mohamed , Khalifa Ahmed Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune systemic condition that primarily affects all synovial joints, eventually leading to deformity and clinical disability. Much progress has been made in the evaluation of inflammation and disease activity in recent years; however, other factors that can influence these patients’ quality of life, including depression, stress, fatigue, sleep problems, fibromyalgia, sexual activity, and obesity, are often not evaluated by rheumatologists. Our purpose was to explore depressive symptoms in patients with RA and determine how they connected to other aspects of the disease, including pain severity, disease activity, and sleep quality.

Results

A cross-sectional study including 1200 patients with RA was performed. Paints with RA were classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Group 1 included patients with both RA and depressive symptoms of varying severity; group 2 included patients with RA but without depressive symptoms. The patients underwent clinical evaluation and application of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Health Assessment Questionnaire for pain (HAQ-pain), and the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scale (MAF). RA disease activity was evaluated using the DAS28 score. Depressive symptoms of varying severity were prevalent in 96% of our patients with RA, of whom 43.3% had minimal depression, while 13.7% had severe depression. The RA group with depression had a longer duration of disease, prolonged morning stiffness, and high disease activity measured by the DAS28 score than patients with only RA. In RA patients with concomitant depression, pain, sleep, and fatigue scores were also worse.

Conclusions

The presence of depression among patients with RA was associated with worse DAS28, HAQ, PASQI, and fatigue scores. Screening and recognition of such psychosocial disorders may help patients achieve optimal disease control and a good outcome.
Flavonoids as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX): molecular docking and in vitro studies
Authors: Md Idris Muhd Hanis , Mohd Amin Siti Norhidayu , Mohd Amin Siti Norhidayah , Nyokat Nyotia , Khong Heng Yen , Selvaraj Manikandan , Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin , Shaameri Zurina , Hamzah Ahmad Sazali , Teh Lay Kek , Salleh Mohd Zaki
Published: September 2022

Background

Inflammation is known to involve in many pathological processes of different diseases, but the current therapy causes adverse effects. Thus, there is a great interest for the discovery of flavonoids as a valuable alternative to classical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent with dual-inhibitory action, especially on both COX-2 and 5-LOX which can minimize or overcome this problem.

Results

In the present work, drug-likeness properties of the synthesized flavonoids via Lipinski’s Rule of Five were predicted using QikProp prior to evaluation of their COX and LOX inhibitory activities using enzyme assays. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed using GLIDE to analyse their binding behaviour. The results showed that all compounds obeyed the Lipinski’s Rule of Five. NPC6 and NPC7 had displayed better selectivity towards COX-2 as compared to Indomethacin with less than 50% inhibition against COX-1. In addition, these compounds also inhibited activity of 5-LOX. Their selectivity to COX-2 was due to the binding to hydrophobic region and extends to lobby region near the entrance of COX binding site forming hydrogen bond with Ser530. Interestingly, these compounds showed a similar binding mode as Zileuton in the active site of 5-LOX and formed hydrogen bond interaction with Ala424.

Conclusion

NPC6 and NPC7 had potential as dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX. The scaffolds of these chemical entities are useful to be as lead compounds for the dual inhibition of COX-2 and 5-LOX.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dietary antioxidant rutin and its biological contour
Authors: Kubavat Kinjal , Trivedi Pooja , Ansari Hafsa , Kongor Anita , Panchal Manthan , Jain Vinod , Sindhav Gaurang
Published: September 2022

Background

Dietary and wholesome antioxidant rutin is considered advantageous due to its potential protective role for numerous diseases related to oxidative stress, high safety, cost-effectiveness, and extensive biological effects. The present study accounts for an expeditious method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using rutin.

Results

The presence of AgNPs was affirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy at 425 nm, and FESEM and zeta sizer analysis revealed the average size of the AgNPs 80–85 nm and 160 d.nm, respectively. Zeta potential measurements (− 30.3 mV) showed that the AgNPs have reasonably good stability. Element mapping analysis of the AgNPs was confirmed by XRD and AFM, while FTIR spectra of the AgNPs showed the existence of functional groups. In the DPPH assay, highest radical scavenging activity of AgNPs, 86.95 ± 01.60%, was confirmed. The interaction of AgNPs with CT-DNA and HS-DNA was studied spectrophotometrically, and the data display a shift in the respective spectra. Furthermore, interaction with pBR322 DNA,λDNA, CT-DNA, and HS-DNA was deliberated by a nicking assay that shows the physicochemical properties of AgNPs. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the standard well-diffusion method againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus,and cytotoxicity was assessed against human WBCs by MTT assay.

Conclusion

As per this appraisal, it can be concluded that it is a cost-effective, simple, and eco-friendly tactic and such NPs are beneficial to improve therapeutics since the antioxidant, DNA interaction, antibacterial, and cytotoxic exploits offer a new horizon of euthenics.
Lower Blood Oxygen Saturation is Associated With Microvascular Complications in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Laursen Jens Christian , Mizrak Hatice Isik , Kufaishi Huda , Hecquet Sofie Korsgaard , Stougaard Elisabeth Buur , Tougaard Ninna Hahn , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Hansen Tine Willum , Hansen Christian Stevns , Rossing Peter
Published: September 2022

Context

Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is lower in type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with nondiabetic controls. Hypoxia (low tissue oxygenation) is thought to be a risk factor for progression of diabetic complications, but it is unknown whether hypoxemia (low SpO2) is associated with diabetic complications.

Objective

To test if hypoxemia is associated with presence of diabetic complications in T1D.

Design, Setting, and Methods

Cross-sectional study in persons with T1D divided by a previously suggested threshold in low (<96%) and high (≥96%) SpO2, measured in the supine position with pulse oximetry. Complications included albuminuria (2 of 3 consecutive measurements ≥30 mg/g), any diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Odds ratios were adjusted for age, diabetes duration, sex, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and blood hemoglobin.

Results

We included 659 persons, 23 (3.5%) with low and 636 (96.5%) with high SpO2. In total, 151 (23%) had albuminuria, 233 (36%) had retinopathy, 231 (35%) had neuropathy, and 72 (11%) had CVD. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI, P value) for low vs high SpO2 was 3.4 (1.3-8.7, P = 0.01) for albuminuria, 2.8 (1.0-7.5, P = 0.04) for retinopathy, 5.8 (1.8-18.6, P < 0.01) for neuropathy, and nonsignificant for CVD (0.6 [0.2-2.4, P = 0.51]).

Conclusions

SpO2 below 96% was associated with increased presence of albuminuria, retinopathy, and neuropathy in T1D, but not with CVD. Whether hypoxemia could be a target of intervention to prevent progression in microvascular disease in type 1 diabetes should be investigated.
Ultrasound-Guided Scalp Blocks for an Awake Craniotomy: A Case Report
Authors: Tsan Samuel Ern Hung , Goh Chin H. , Tan Peter C. S.
Published: September 2022

Ultrasound-guided scalp blocks may revolutionize regional anesthesia for neurosurgery. In this report, we demonstrate that ultrasound-guided scalp blocks can be used effectively for a craniotomy. A 48-year-old patient with a brain tumor at the motor cortex was scheduled for an awake craniotomy. Ultrasound-guided scalp blocks targeting the bilateral supraorbital, supratrochlear, zygomaticotemporal, auriculotemporal, greater auricular, lesser occipital, greater occipital, and third occipital nerves were performed. A total of 29 mL of levobupivacaine 0.3% was used. No additional local anesthetic agent was given for skull pinning, skin incision, or the craniotomy. Postoperatively, the patient remained pain-free, and she was discharged without complications.
Automated Detection and Surgical Planning for Focal Cortical Dysplasia with Multicenter Validation
Authors: Mo Jiajie , Zhang Jianguo , Hu Wenhan , Sang Lin , Zheng Zhong , Zhou Wenjing , Wang Haixiang , Zhu Junming , Zhang Chao , Wang Xiu , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

In patients with surgically amenable focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), subtle neuroimaging representation and the risk of open surgery lead to gaps in surgical treatment and delays in surgery.

OBJECTIVE:

To construct an integrated platform that can accurately detect FCD and automatically establish trajectory planning for magnetic resonance–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy.

METHODS:

This multicenter study included retrospective patients to train the automated detection model, prospective patients for model evaluation, and an additional cohort for construction of the automated trajectory planning algorithm. For automated detection, we evaluated the performance and generalization of the conventional neural network in different multicenter cohorts. For automated trajectory planning, feasibility/noninferiority and safety score were calculated to evaluate the clinical value.

RESULTS:

Of the 260 patients screened for eligibility, 202 were finally included. Eighty-eight patients were selected for conventional neural network training, 88 for generalizability testing, and 26 for the establishment of an automated trajectory planning algorithm. The model trained using preprocessed and multimodal neuroimaging displayed the best performance in diagnosing FCD (figure of merit = 0.827 and accuracy range = 75.0%-91.7% across centers). None of the clinical variables had a significant effect on prediction performance. Moreover, the automated trajectory was feasible and noninferior to the manual trajectory (χ2= 3.540,P= .060) and significantly safer (overall: test statistic = 30.423,P< .001).

CONCLUSION:

The integrated platform validated based on multicenter, prospective cohorts exhibited advantages of easy implementation, high performance, and generalizability, thereby indicating its potential in the diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of FCD.
Coupled myovascular expansion directs cardiac growth and regeneration
Authors: DeBenedittis Paige , Karpurapu Anish , Henry Albert , Thomas Michael C. , McCord Timothy J. , Brezitski Kyla , Prasad Anil , Baker Caroline E. , Kobayashi Yoshihiko , Shah Svati H. , Kontos Christopher D. , Tata Purushothama Rao , Lumbers R. Thomas , Karra Ravi
Published: September 2022

Heart regeneration requires multiple cell types to enable cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation. How these cells interact to create growth niches is unclear. Here, we profile proliferation kinetics of cardiac endothelial cells (CECs) and CMs in the neonatal mouse heart and find that they are spatiotemporally coupled. We show that coupled myovascular expansion during cardiac growth or regeneration is dependent upon VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling, as genetic deletion of Vegfr2 from CECs or inhibition of VEGFA abrogates both CEC and CM proliferation. Repair of cryoinjury displays poor spatial coupling of CEC and CM proliferation. Boosting CEC density after cryoinjury with virus encoding Vegfa enhances regeneration. Using Mendelian randomization, we demonstrate that circulating VEGFA levels are positively linked with human myocardial mass, suggesting that Vegfa can stimulate human cardiac growth. Our work demonstrates the importance of coupled CEC and CM expansion and reveals a myovascular niche that may be therapeutically targeted for heart regeneration.
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status in SARS-COV-2 infected patients admitted in Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau, Civil Hospital Karachi
Authors: Rasheed Tazeen , Ali Faiza Sadaqat , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz , Sadaf Rabiah
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To determine the frequency of vaccination status in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Dr Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan between September 2021 to October 2021. All patients who had positive PCR on nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Information regarding vaccination status and brand of vaccination administered and duration between the last dose of vaccine and positive PCR was noted. The disease status of patients was classified on admission into severe and non-severe disease.

Results: Study included 143 patients, out of which 58 (40.6%) were males and 85 (59.4%) were females. Majority of our patients (78.3%) were unvaccinated. Frequency of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in fully vaccinated patients was less than in unvaccinated patients. The odds of developing severe COVID infection in unvaccinated patients versus vaccinated was 8.55 times higher (OR = 6.23, 95% CI 2.58-28.35). Proportion of vaccinated females was less as compared to males. Significant differences were found in severity between hypertension (p<.001), diabetes (<.001) and age (p<.001).

Conclusion: The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection was greater in unvaccinated patients. The odds of developing severe COVID infection in unvaccinated patients versus vaccinated was 8.55 times higher.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5733

How to cite this:Rasheed T, Ali FS, Zuberi BF, Sadaf R. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status in SARS-COV-2 infected patients admitted in Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau, Civil Hospital Karachi. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5733

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Mental health following an initial period of COVID-19 restrictions: findings from a cross-sectional survey in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Troya Maria Isabela , Joyce Mary , Khashan Ali , Buckley Claire , Chakraborti Kasturi , Hoevel Philipp , Humphries Rory , Kearney Patricia M. , Kiely Elizabeth , Murphy Mike , Perry Ivan , Arensman Ella
Published: September 2022

Background: We assessed the mental health of individuals in the general population, during an initial period of easing of COVID-19 restrictions in the Republic of Ireland (RoI).

Methods: Data were collected through a nationally representative cross-sectional telephone survey, during the first period of easing of restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic between May and July 2020. Mental health was examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety Depression Scale. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to estimate risk ratios with robust variance estimation of the association between selected demographic factors and the risk of having depression and anxiety symptoms.

Results: Of the 1,983 participants, 27.7% (n = 549; 95% CI: 0.26 - 0.30) reported depression and anxiety symptoms, while 74 (3.8%; 95% CI: 0.03 - 0.05) disclosed self-harm and/or suicidal thoughts. Females (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.37 - 1.87, p < 0.0005), employed individuals who experienced a change in work status (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.24 - 1.82, p < 0.0005), participants cocooning due to a health condition (RR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.66, p< 0.01), participants who were self-isolating (RR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.51, p=0.025) and moderate-heavy drinkers (RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.47, p<0.01) were at increased risk of depression and anxiety. Young people aged 18-29 years and those in the two lowest income categories were most likely to report self-harm and/or suicidal thoughts.

Conclusion: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, with further waves and associated restrictions, the impact on mental health in the population as a whole and in specific subgroups must be considered.

Study protocol registration: doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13103.2
Los “juegos serios” como instrumento de empoderamiento y aprendizaje socio-laboral inclusivo
Authors: Rojo Teresa , Dudu Selda
Published: September 2022

Ante la relativa cantidad de personas adultas excluidas del mercado laboral por déficits en habilidades de empleo del siglo XXI, la gamificación de conocimientos surge como procedimiento para aumentar el atractivo de la capacitación y el aprendizaje con los “serious games” digitales El objetivo de este artículo consiste en estudiar los elementos desarrollados por los videojuegos que se adaptan a formación para empoderamiento e inserción laboral, para lo cual se apoya en análisis bibliográfico, documental, estadístico y estudio de casos de dos videojuegos de aprendizajes medioambientales. En modelos de gamificación se concluye que los juegos digitales más eficientes en aprendizaje consiguen: aportar información en tiempo real sobre logros y progreso del jugador, mantener interés en el objetivo final, vivir momentos épicos intermedios e incrementar la complejidad paulatinamente.
DISCURSO DE JOVENS PROVENIENTES DE GRUPOS MINORITÁRIOS SOBRE AS DESIGUALDADES ESCOLARES NO QUEBEC
Authors: Magnan Marie-Odile , Collins Tya , Pilote Annie , De Oliveira Soares Roberta
Published: September 2022

No Canadá, apesar da massificação do ensino superior, as desigualdades de permanência persistem. No Quebec, pesquisas permitiram identificar as regiões de origem dos jovens para quem a taxa de abandono no ensino médio e no ensino superior é mais elevada, entre outros o Caribe e as Américas Central e do Sul. Neste estudo qualitativo, foi realizada uma análise indutiva e retrospectiva das histórias de vida de 24 jovens que frequentavam o ensino superior em Montreal, cujos pais nasceram no Caribe ou na América Latina. Nossa análise crítica revela os efeitos desiguais percebidos da ação escolar e do meio em suas experiências. Em conclusão, algumas possibilidades de reflexão são evocadas para sistematicamente desenvolver práticas de equidade.
NOVELOS DE INTERAÇÕES CAÓTICAS EM UMA COMUNIDADE VIRTUAL DE PRÁTICA DE PROFESSORES QUE ENSINAM MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Silva Daniela Mendes Vieira da , Esquincalha Agnaldo Da Conceição
Published: September 2022

No presente artigo apresentamos e analisamos uma coletânea de Novelos de Interações Caóticas (NIC) de professores que ensinam Matemática em uma comunidade virtual de prática (CVP), com o objetivo de observar elementos da constituição sua identidade profissional (IP) neste contexto. Para tanto, registramos seis meses de interações da CVP considerada e as categorizamos e analisamos inspirados na análise temática de conteúdo. A análise das Interações Caóticas (IC) dos participantes ativos na comunidade virtual de prática considerada remeteu-nos a uma aprendizagem não linear, não estruturada, caótica e intensa. Compreendemos que o aprendizado que advêm de tais IC se dá de maneira ubíqua. Encontramos, nas três categorias que emergiram da nossa análise, a saber: Apoio Mútuo, Repositório de práticas para o ensino chanceladas e Reconhecimento Profissional, como elementos de constituição da identidade docente, a vulnerabilidade e o sentido de agência em uma perspectiva coletiva. Ambos se dão em um ambiente ubíquo, dentro deste contexto virtual no qual as pessoas estão conectadas/integradas o tempo todo via dispositivos móveis.
OLHARES DE LICENCIANDOS EM MATEMÁTICA SOBRE MATERIAIS CURRICULARES EDUCATIVOS ONLINE
Authors: Marins Vívia De Souza , Bairral Marcelo Almeida
Published: September 2022

Esse artigo é fruto de um projeto cujas atividades ocorres em um ambiente online síncrono, no portal do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação em Educação Matemática (GEPETICEM). Este portal possui diversos materiais curriculares educativos online (MCEO) e para cada um desses materiais temos uma aba específica chamada chat, cujo compartilhamento de ideias entre licenciandos e a captura de pontos importantes explicitados por eles ocorre em tempo real. As interações com os graduandos, alunos da turma de Ensino II, ocorreram em março de 2021. Os resultados indicam que os licenciandos comumente se sentem atraídos por estes materiais, já que trazem métodos diversificados para o ensino, e comentam suas qualidades quando comparados a livros didáticos. Por ainda estarem em formação inicial, com pouca experiência em docência, eles utilizam de suas vivências em aula no presente e como serão no futuro, comentando sobre o provável uso desses recursos e seus benefícios para quando estes começarem a lecionar.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PRODUÇÃO DE VÍDEOS PARA O ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Teixeira Jaylson , Diniz Leandro Do Nascimento
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as contribuições da produção de vídeos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática. Isto se justifica pelo fato de, nas consultas realizadas, encontrou-se poucas publicações que reflitam sobre propostas pedagógicas sobre o ensino de Matemática com produção de vídeos pelos alunos. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, dados foram coletados através de observação participante e do processo de produção de vídeo, incluindo o planejamento, a filmagem e edição. Um vídeo foi analisado a partir da Taxonomia de Bloom e de outras pesquisas na área e percebeu-se que há a possibilidade de articulação entre matemática e outras áreas da realidade, especialmente de contextos locais do cotidiano que são do interesse dos alunos, o que pode fazer com que surjam novos significados para os conteúdos matemáticos em sala de aula. Entende-se que a proposta é adequada para a conjuntura do ensino remoto devido à Pandemia da Covid-19, no momento do seu controle, com a reabertura das escolas, ou no contexto pós-pandemia.
Avaliação da implantação da assistência às pessoas com Diabetes mellitus na atenção básica
Authors: Assunção Munyra Rocha Silva , Sanches Roberta Seron , Silva Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da , Do Nascimento Murilo César , Dázio Eliza Maria Rezende , Fava Silvana Maria Coelho Leite
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: avaliar o Grau de Implantação das ações desenvolvidas pela Atenção Básica para a assistência às pessoas com Diabetes mellitus. Método: estudo avaliativo, tipo análise de implantação, realizado em Estratégia de Saúde da Família e Farmácia Municipal, por meio de análise documental, entrevista, observação participante e diário de campo, a partir de Modelo Avaliativo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: o Grau de Implantação das ações realizadas foi considerado insatisfatório (54,34%), sendo a dimensão Político-Organizacional com Grau de Implantação crítico (45,23%) e a Técnico- Assistencial com Grau de Implantação insatisfatório (60,41%), o que conduziu a proposição de recomendações com vistas a subsidiar a tomada de decisão, para a melhoria da assistência. Conclusão: os resultados mostram uma realidade ainda distante do que é proposto nas políticas públicas e podem contribuir para o estabelecimento de novas e resolutivas formas de organizar os serviços e produzir saúde na gestão participativa.
Prevalência da síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros de um hospital público
Authors: Marcelo Thays Silva , Farah Beatriz Francisco , Bustamante-Teixeira Maria Teresa , Ribeiro Luiz Cláudio
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout (SB), suas dimensões e analisar os fatores associados. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 171 enfermeiros de um hospital público, em 2020. Foi utilizado o MBI-HSS para estimar a prevalência da SB, considerando sua presença quando verificada alteração em pelo menos uma de suas dimensões. Resultados: 9,9% dos participantes apresentaram alta exaustão emocional (EE), 7% alta despersonalização (DE) e 59,1% baixa realização profissional (RP). EE e DE foram associadas a modalidade contratual do tipo estatutário e recebimento de dois ou mais incentivos no exercício do trabalho. Pouca realização de atividades educativas foi associada a EE e a ausência de filhos a baixa RP. Conclusão: evidenciou-se uma alta prevalência da SB (62,6%). Reforça-se a importância de ações preventivas e de diagnóstico precoce que contribuam para a preservação da saúde física e mental desses trabalhadores e, consequentemente, para melhoria da qualidade da assistência.
MULTIFUNCIONALIDADE DA SOMBRA DAS ÁRVORES NO CONTEXTO SOCIOCULTURAL DA COMUNIDADE RURAL DO POVOADO DE MAFUIANE
Authors: Chitata Joaquim Gomes Andre , Munguambe Benício Bernardo
Published: September 2022

Mafuiane é considerado a confluência onde se moldam referências comuns no meio rural, baseada no recurso à sombra, desempenhando um papel elementar na transmissão de conhecimentos socioculturais. O presente artigo cinge-se na análise da multifuncionalidade da sombra das árvores no contexto sociocultural da Comunidade Rural do Povoado de Mafuiane (Distrito de Homoíne - Moçambique), desdobrando-se pela caracterização das múltiplas funções, identificando os aspetos que influem na segregação social em função da sombra e as árvores associadas a algum facto de especial relevância, seja ele cultural, seja religioso ou meramente ligado a aspetos tradicionais. Para a operacionalização destes objetivos, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, buscando a valorização do espaço vivido e do quotidiano em relação à sombra no contexto geográfico, tendo como técnicas de recolha de dados a entrevista do tipo semiestruturado, a observação direta, confrontados com base na análise da pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados ilustram que, a sombra exerce diversas funções no contexto sociocultural de Mafuiane, alinhados à procura de conforto térmico, aspetos ligados a tradição e cultura, a estratificação social relacionada à sombra (baseada no género e função tradicional) e outros aspetos que se resumem em valores económicos, sociais, históricos, religiosos e ecológicos.
Surgical management of sarcoids
Authors: Brennan Moses
Published: September 2022

Equine sarcoids are the most common form of equine skin neoplasia, they can be challenging and expensive to treat. There are many different treatment options available to the equine clinician, with no one treatment suitable for all lesions in all locations. There is a lack of published evidence allowing direct comparison between different treatment within the literature. The use of laser surgery to remove sarcoids has become more popular in recent years and it provides a simple cost-effective way of managing many cases, with results similar to other treatments available. Histopathological analysis of any tissue removed is advisable, although the behaviour of sarcoids following removal is unpredictable and careful monitoring of the surgical site following any form of surgery is essential. If sarcoids recur following removal, then there are a variety of adjunctive therapies available to reduce the risk of further recurrence.
The developmental behaviour of foals and its relevance to husbandry, part 2: weaning
Authors: Nellist Jenni
Published: September 2022

The veterinary team plays a key role in providing help and education to breeders. Weaning is a critical time in the foal's life and is likely to have a significant impact on their future behaviour and resilience to stress. This article is the second of two applying the research on foal behavioural development to good practice in the management and training of foals. This article examines the evidence surrounding weaning practices and provides a guide to best practice with the resources available to the veterinary team and the horse breeders they work with.
Cutaneous Actinomycosis of Popliteal Fossa: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Goyal Samriti , Singh Harpal , Kaur Kanwardeep
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Cutaneous actinomycosis of popliteal fossa is quite unusual, chronic granulomatous disease caused by a group of anaerobic or microaerophilic Gram positive filamentous bacteria that colonize the mouth, colon, and urogenital tract. Actinomycosis of popliteal fossa is rare clinical condition; therefore, recognition of this entity needs high degree of suspicion as the organism is specific internal habitant; primary involvement of extremities is rare. Case Report: This case report presents a rare case of actinomycosis of popliteal fossa (left side) in a 40-year-old male patient. The patient complained of presence of a mass with multiple pus oozing sinuses over popliteal fossa. The X-ray of leg revealed presence of foreign body. Histopathological examination of the biopsy from the lesions confirmed diagnosis of cutaneous actinomycosis. Conclusion: Cutaneous actinomycosis is a disease with great diagnostic challenge and requires high degree of suspicion for the early diagnosis which avoids unnecessary surgery and decreased morbidity and mortality.