bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of tricaprylin, DPPG and DEPC in propofol liposomes by a methyl esterification method and GC-FID analysis
Authors: Yan Rongwei , Zhao Leilei , Li Yanfei , Zou Yong , Xu Xinjun
Published: July 2017

As a novel injection preparation, propofol liposomes have extensive application prospects in clinical practice, and lipid components in them need to be quantified for quality control.
Cationic folate-mediated liposomal delivery of bis-arylidene oxindole induces efficient melanoma tumor regression
Authors: Elechalawar Chandra Kumar , Sridharan Kathyayani , Pal Abhishek , Ahmed Mohammed Tanveer , Yousuf Mohammed , Adhikari Susanta Sekhar , Banerjee Rajkumar
Published: July 2017

The folate receptor (FR) is a well-validated and common target for cancer due to its high over-expression in many different cancer cells.
CuCr2O4 derived by the sol–gel method as a highly active and selective catalyst for the conversion of glycerol to 2,6-dimethylpyrazine: a benign and eco-friendly process
Authors: Vankudoth Krishna , Gutta Naresh , Velisoju Vijay Kumar , Mutyala Suresh , Aytam Hari Padmasri , Akula Venugopal
Published: July 2017

A direct correlation between Cu metal surface area and surface basic sites of CuCr2O4 and the 2,6-dimethylpyrazine rate is established.
Catalytic carbonyl hydrosilylations via a titanocene borohydride–PMHS reagent system
Authors: Fianu Godfred D. , Schipper Kyle C. , Flowers II Robert A.
Published: July 2017

Catalytic amounts of titanocene(iii) borohydride, generated under mild conditions from commercially available titanocene dichloride, in concert with a stoichiometric hydride source is shown to effectively reduce aldehydes and ketones to their respective alcohols in aprotic media.
A novel highly selective ligand for separation of actinides and lanthanides in the nuclear fuel cycle. Experimental verification of the theoretical prediction
Authors: Lavrov H. V. , Ustynyuk N. A. , Matveev P. I. , Gloriozov I. P. , Zhokhov S. S. , Alyapyshev M. Yu. , Tkachenko L. I. , Voronaev I. G. , Babain V. A. , Kalmykov S. N. , Ustynyuk Yu. A.
Published: July 2017

Predicted by DFT simulation dilactams (B) are selective and efficient extractants for the separation of Eu3+ and Am3+.
Bioactivities of alternative protein sources and their potential health benefits
Authors: Pihlanto A. , Mattila P. , Mäkinen S. , Pajari A.-M.
Published: July 2017

Increasing the utilisation of plant proteins is needed to support the production of protein-rich foods that could replace animal proteins in the human diet so as to reduce the strain that intensive animal husbandry poses to the environment.
TBAB-catalyzed cascade reactions: facile synthesis of 1-trifluoromethyl-3-alkylidene-1,3-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]quinolines via 5-exo-dig cyclization of o-arylalkynylquinoline aldehydes
Authors: Mishra Kalpana , Singh Jay Bahadur , Gupta Tanu , Singh Radhey M.
Published: July 2017

TBAB-catalyzed cascade reaction condition is developed for the synthesis of 1-trifluoromethyl-3-alkylidene-1,3-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]quinolines fromo-arylalkynylquinoline aldehydesvia5-exo-dig cyclization.
Inhibition of the reaction between aluminium dust and water based on the HIM
Authors: Wang Yantong , Xu Kaili , Li Li
Published: July 2017

The reaction between aluminum dust and water is inhibited using the Hydrogen Inhibition Method (HIM).
Enhanced tribological performance of PEEK/SCF/PTFE hybrid composites by graphene
Authors: Liu Liu , Yan Fei , Gai Fangyuan , Xiao Linghan , Shang Lei , Li Ming , Ao Yuhui
Published: July 2017

The PSPGE exhibited the excellent lubrication and wear resistance efficiency especially under harsh conditions.
Fabrication and investigation of high-quality glass-ceramic (GC)–polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite for regenerative medicine
Authors: Golubevas Ricardas , Zarkov Aleksej , Alinauskas Laurynas , Stankeviciute Zivile , Balciunas Giedrius , Garskaite Edita , Kareiva Aivaras
Published: July 2017

Investigations of mechanical and dissolution properties show glass ceramic–PMMA composite potential for regenerative medicine when extreme strength is not required.
A retrospect on the role of piezoelectric nanogenerators in the development of the green world
Authors: Roji M Ani Melfa , G Jiji , Raj T Ajith Bosco
Published: July 2017

This paper gives a detailed report of the evolution and potential applications of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs).
Edge-controlled half-metallic ferromagnetism and direct-gap semiconductivity in ZrS2 nanoribbons
Authors: Lv H. Y. , Lu W. J. , Li J. Y. , Xiao R. C. , Wei M. J. , Tong P. , Zhu X. B. , Sun Y. P.
Published: July 2017

Intrinsic half-metallic ferromagnetism and direct-gap semiconductivity are predicted in ZrS2 nanoribbons with different edge configurations.
Chemoenzymatic one-pot reaction of noncompatible catalysts: combining enzymatic ester hydrolysis with Cu(i)/bipyridine catalyzed oxidation in aqueous medium
Authors: Sand Henning , Weberskirch Ralf
Published: July 2017

Combination of a lipase (CALB) with a Cu/bipyridine catalyst for environmentally benign synthesis of aldehydes from their corresponding esters.
Intra- and intermolecular-interaction-controlled reversible core–shell structures and photoluminescent properties of lanthanide ion-doped diblock copolymers
Authors: Xue Feifei , Li Hongfei , Jiang Shichun
Published: July 2017

Lanthanide-based nanotechniques continue to attract considerable attention due to their current range of applications and broad potential in optical devices and biomedicine.
Eutypellazines A–M, thiodiketopiperazine-type alkaloids from deep sea derived fungus Eutypella sp. MCCC 3A00281
Authors: Niu Siwen , Liu Dong , Shao Zongze , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan
Published: July 2017

Bioassay and NMR/MS guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of 13 new alkaloids from marine fungus Eutypella sp.
Cell responses on a H2Ti3O7nanowire film
Authors: Wang Liming , Zhou Beibei , Huang Xiaoxiao , Dong Lingqing , Cheng Kui , Weng Wenjian
Published: July 2017

Cell morphologies on H2Ti3O7nanowire film and anatase nanowire film.
Geometry-driven collective ordering of bacterial vortices
Authors: Beppu Kazusa , Izri Ziane , Gohya Jun , Eto Kanta , Ichikawa Masatoshi , Maeda Yusuke T.
Published: July 2017

Geometry-induced transition of vortex pairing in bacterial collective motion.
Solar-energy-driven conversion of biomass to bioethanol: a sustainable approach
Authors: Tabah Betina , Pulidindi Indra Neel , Chitturi Venkateswara Rao , Reddy Arava Leela Mohana , Varvak Alexander , Foran Elizabeth , Gedanken Aharon
Published: July 2017

This review discusses the current methodologies and recent developments for bioethanol production from biomass. We demonstrate the future aspects of bioethanol production in solar reactors, and strategies to improve process yields as well as the prospects of using a solar reactor to produce other valuable chemicals.
Self-assembled polyaniline nanowires stippled graphene-3-pentadecylphenyl phosphate hybrid nanocomposite based green sustainable electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Molji C. , Aashish A. , Neethu K. S. , Devaki Sudha J.
Published: July 2017

Self-assembled polyaniline nanowires stippled graphene nanocomposites (PGPCs) were prepared by in situ polymerisation of aniline in the presence of 3-pentadecylphenyl phosphate (3-PDPP) modified graphene sheets.
Tuning the strength of intramolecular charge-transfer of triene-based nonlinear optical dyes for electro-optics and optofluidic lasers
Authors: Wu Jieyun , Wang Wen , Gong Chaoyang , Li Qing , Li Zhonghui , Deng Guowei , Zhang Xiaoling , Chen Kaixin , Gong Yuan , Chiang Kin seng
Published: July 2017

We reported the two-step synthesis of triene-based donor–acceptor dyes and demonstrated their applications in electro-optics and optofluidic lasers.
Linking design and properties of purine-based donor–acceptor chromophores as optoelectronic materials
Authors: Collier Graham S. , Brown Lauren A. , Boone Evan S. , Kaushal Meesha , Ericson M. Nance , Walter Michael G. , Long Brian K. , Kilbey S. Michael
Published: July 2017

Creating new building blocks for donor–acceptor conjugated systems is an important task for continued development of materials for organic electronics.
An oxidation-induced fluorescence turn-on approach for non-luminescent flexible polyimide films
Authors: Zhou Zhuxin , Huang Wenxiu , Long Yubo , Chen Youquan , Yu Qiaoxi , Zhang Yi , Liu Siwei , Chi Zhenguo , Chen Xudong , Xu Jiarui
Published: July 2017

To develop stimuli-responsive polymers with highly comprehensive properties, sulfide-containing polyimides with relatively simple structures were designed and synthesized.
Packing of Russian doll clusters to form a nanometer-scale CsCl-type compound in a Cr–Zn–Sn complex metallic alloy
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Cava Robert J. , Miller Gordon J.
Published: July 2017

A new cubic complex metallic alloy phase, Cr22Zn72Sn24, with a lattice parameter near 2.5 nm was discovered in crystals grown using a Zn/Sn flux. The structure consists of Russian doll clusters or a 3-d network of Cr-centered icosahedra (shown) with bcc-metal fragments in void spaces.
Thermally stable KxCs1−xAlSi2O6:Eu2+phosphors and their photoluminescence tuning
Authors: Zhang Manli , Xia Zhiguo , Liu Qiulin
Published: July 2017

The structures and photoluminescence tuning of Eu2+-doped KxCs1−xAlSi2O6(0 ≤x≤ 0.6) phosphors with abnormal thermal quenching behavior have been investigated.
Case History Risk Factors for Specific Language Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rudolph Johanna M.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Research suggests that the best approach to early identification of children with specific language impairment (SLI) should include assessment of risk factors. However, previous attempts to develop a list for this purpose have been unsuccessful. In this study, systematic review and meta-analytic procedures were used to determine whether any case history factors can be used to identify toddlers at risk of developing SLI.

Method

Epidemiological studies that examined the association between risk factors and SLI were identified. Results across studies were aggregated to determine more precisely the strength of association between each risk factor and the development of SLI. The clinical significance of these factors was established via comparison to late talker status.

Results

Eleven risk factors were found to be statistically significant predictors of SLI. Among these, maternal education level, 5-min Apgar score, birth order, and biological sex met criteria for clinical significance.

Conclusions

At least 4 case history factors are as predictive as late talker status in the context of early identification of toddlers at risk for SLI. The findings of this review highlight the importance of taking a child's genetic and environmental context into consideration when deciding whether further evaluation and early intervention services are warranted.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5150122
Ecologically Valid Assessment of Prospective Memory for Task Planning and Execution by Adults With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Brown Jessica , Hux Karen
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) often struggle due to inadequate planning and execution skills for completing nonroutine tasks. This study's purpose was to pilot ecologically valid procedures to assess planning for and execution of prospective daily activities.

Method

Participants included 9 adults with histories of severe ABI and 9 controls. Data collection included both prospective task planning and execution. First, participants created a plan for later execution of daily tasks in accordance with preestablished rules. Over the subsequent 10 days, participants independently attempted task completion. Differences within and between participant groups regarding planning and task performance were evaluated statistically and through examiner observation.

Results

Participants with ABI implemented minimal planning strategies. They demonstrated highly variable performance and displayed substantially greater difficulty initiating and successfully executing tasks in adherence to rules than participants without ABI.

Conclusions

Evaluating planning strategies and execution of novel prospective tasks is a crucial but often neglected aspect of assessment following ABI. Implementing ecologically valid procedures to evaluate this aspect of functioning can reveal individual strengths and challenges and provide guidance for developing effective intervention programs. Examining potential roles played by planning and strategy execution provides critical assessment information relating to independent living.
Assessing the Importance of Lexical Tone Contour to Sentence Perception in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Normal Hearing
Authors: Zhu Shufeng , Wong Lena L. N. , Wang Bin , Chen Fei
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of lexical tone contour and age on sentence perception in quiet and in noise conditions in Mandarin-speaking children ages 7 to 11 years with normal hearing.

Method

Test materials were synthesized Mandarin sentences, each word with a manipulated lexical contour, that is, normal contour, flat contour, or a tone contour randomly selected from the four Mandarin lexical tone contours. A convenience sample of 75 Mandarin-speaking participants with normal hearing, ages 7, 9, and 11 years (25 participants in each age group), was selected. Participants were asked to repeat the synthesized speech in quiet and in speech spectrum–shaped noise at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio.

Results

In quiet, sentence recognition by the 11-year-old children was similar to that of adults, and misrepresented lexical tone contours did not have a detrimental effect. However, the performance of children ages 9 and 7 years was significantly poorer. The performance of all three age groups, especially the younger children, declined significantly in noise.

Conclusions

The present research suggests that lexical tone contour plays an important role in Mandarin sentence recognition, and misrepresented tone contours result in greater difficulty in sentence recognition in younger children. These results imply that maturation and/or language use experience play a role in the processing of tone contours for Mandarin speech understanding, particularly in noise.
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Machado Rogerio Bonassi , Monteiro Ilza Maria Urbano , Magalhães Jarbas , Guazzelli Cristina Aparecida Falbo , Brito Milena Bastos , Finotti Marta Franco , Lubianca Jaqueline Neves , Sakamoto Luis Carlos , Franceschini Silvio Antonio
Published: July 2017

Unwanted pregnancy is a major public health problem both in developed and developing countries. Although the reduction in the rates of these pregnancies requires multifactorial approaches, increasing access to long-acting contraceptive methods can contribute significantly to change this scenario. In Brazil, gynecologists and obstetricians play a key role in contraceptive counseling, being decisive in the choice of long-acting reversible methods, characterized by intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the contraceptive implant. The vast scope due to the reduced number of situations to indicate long-acting methods should be emphasized in routine contraceptive counseling. On the other hand, gynecologists and obstetricians should adapt the techniques of insertion of long-acting methods, and engage in facilitating conditions to access these contraceptives through public and private health systems in Brazil. This study is part of a project called Diretrizes e Recomendações FEBRASGO (Guidelines and Recommendations of the FEBRASGO – Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations from the Portuguese acronym). It aims to review the main characteristics of long-acting contraceptives and critically consider the current situation and future prospects to improve access to these methods, proposing practical recommendations of interest in the routine of gynecologists and obstetricians.
Therapie der chronischen metabolischen Azidose bei Hämodialysepatienten in Deutschland – Sind wir auf dem neuesten Stand?
Authors: Geiger Helmut , Jung Oliver
Published: July 2017

Hintergrund Die chronische metabolische Azidose ist eine häufige Begleiterkrankung niereninsuffizienter Patienten, auch unter Hämodialysetherapie. Aktuelle Ergebnisse der DOPPS-Studie zeigen, dass hohe Bicarbonatkonzentrationen während der Dialyse mit einer erhöhten Mortalität der Patienten assoziiert sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde die aktuelle Situation in deutschen Dialysezentren evaluiert: Inwiefern kommen Leitlinienempfehlungen in der täglichen Routine an und gilt dies auch für neue Studiendaten?

Methoden Es wurde eine Umfrage unter 2096 deutschen Nephrologen durchgeführt, um mehr über das aktuelle Vorgehen bei der Therapie chronischer metabolischer Azidose zu erfahren. Es wurden 280 auswertbare Antworten erhalten und deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Eine Blutgasanalyse wurde von 75 (27 %) der befragten Nephrologen wöchentlich durchgeführt, von 56 (20 %) monatlich, von 54 (19 %) alle drei Monate, von 14 (5 %) seltener oder nicht routinemäßig (8 [3 %]). Für den Zeitpunkt der Blutgasanalyse wurde in den meisten Fällen „vor der Dialyse“ angegeben (232; 83 %). 57 (20 %) der Befragten gaben an, darüber hinaus routinemäßig eine Blutgasanalyse auch am Ende der Dialysesitzung durchzuführen, 9 (3 %) auch während der Dialysesitzung, 55 (20 %) zusätzlich „bei Bedarf“. Orales Bicarbonat wird von 155 (66 %) der befragten Nephrologen bei Dialysebeginn abgesetzt. 62 von diesen (22 %) verwenden grundsätzlich kein orales Bicarbonat, 123 (44 %) setzen es zunächst ab und verordnen nur bei Bedarf neu. 94 (34 %) der Befragten behalten eine Behandlung mit oralem Bicarbonat bei und passen bei Bedarf die Dosierung an.

Diskussion Es besteht vereinzelt Bedarf an Implementierung neuester Studienevidenz und Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie chronischer metabolischer Azidose: Etwa ein Viertel der befragten Nephrologen führt eine Blutgasanalyse nur alle 3 Monate oder seltener durch, obwohl die KDIGO-Leitlinien eine monatliche Blutgasanalyse empfehlen. Auch erfolgt eine Überprüfung des Bicarbonatstatus nach der Dialyse nur selten. Sollten hierbei vermehrt alkalotische Episoden festgestellt werden, ist statt der Zufuhr von Bicarbonat über die Dialyse eine regelmäßige Therapie mit oralem, magensaftresistentem Bicarbonat eine gute Alternative.
Driving Performance of Depressed Patients who are Untreated or Receive Long-Term Antidepressant (SSRI/SNRI) Treatment
Authors: van der Sluiszen Nick , Wingen Marleen , Vermeeren Annemiek , Vinckenbosch Frederick , Jongen Stefan , Ramaekers Johannes
Published: July 2017

Introduction Depression is a mental disorder likely to affect everyday functions. The present study aimed to assess actual driving performance of depressed patients who were without specific antidepressant treatment or received long-term antidepressant treatment.

Methods A standardized on-the-road driving test was used to assess standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) in 3 patient groups receiving either no antidepressant treatment (with or without benzodiazepine medication) or treatment with selective serotonin/noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors for a period of 6–52 weeks. Severity of depression was assessed using Beck’s Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The performance of patient groups was compared to healthy controls.

Results The mean SDLP of untreated and treated patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. Driving impairment in the long-term treated group was significantly less than in the untreated groups. SDLP was positively correlated to severity of depression across all groups.

Discussion It is concluded that symptoms of depression are a major cause of driving impairment. Reductions in severity of depression through antidepressant treatment reduce severity of driving impairment.
Angst. Panik. Hausarzt-
Authors: Hofer-Moser Otto
Published: July 2017

Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert den hilfreichen ärztlichen Umgang mit Angst- und Panikzuständen unterschiedlicher Intensität, mit denen Patienten in Bezug auf mögliche bzw. tatsächliche Erkrankungen reagieren. Der erste Teil vermittelt ein Verständnis evolutionsbiologischer und neurobiologischer Aspekte dieser Ängste, konzipiert als Furcht-Kognitions-System, Panik-Bindungs-System und basale Emotionssysteme. Dieses Verständnis vermag den konkreten klinischen Umgang mit diesen Ängsten zu erleichtern, indem es bereits bewährte klinische Interventionsstrategien für diese Situationen bestätigt und darüber hinaus hilft, diese Strategien differenzierter und überzeugter einzusetzen. Die konkreten Konsequenzen für den Praxisalltag werden im zweiten Teil des Beitrages näher ausgeführt. Aufgrund der Länge wird der Beitrag in unterschiedlichen Balintheften veröffentlicht.
Jack Bean Urease Inhibitors, and Antioxidant Activity Based on Palmitic acid Derived 1-acyl-3- Arylthioureas: Synthesis, Kinetic Mechanism and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Saeed Aamer , ur-Rehman Sajid , Channar Pervaiz , Larik Fayaz , Abbas Qamar , Hassan Mubashir , Raza Hussain , Seo Sung-Yum
Published: July 2017

A series of acylthioureas was synthesized and their inhibitory effects on the DPPH and jack bean urease were evaluated. The results showed that all of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant jack bean urease inhibitory activities. Especially, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3 palmitoylthiourea 5a bearing 4-chloro substituted phenyl ring exhibited the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value 0.0170 μM compared to the IC50 value of 4.720 μM of thiourea used as standard. The inhibition mechanism analyzed by Lineweaver–Burk plots revealed that the type of inhibition of compound 5a on tyrosinase was noncompetitive. The docking study against jack bean urease enzyme was also performed to determine the binding affinity of the compounds. The compounds 4c and 4e showed the highest binding affinity with the active binding site of tyrosinase. The initial structure activity relationships (SARs) analysis suggested that further development of such compounds might be of interest. The statistics of our results endorses that all compounds and particularly 5a may serve as a structural template for the design and development of novel urease inhibitors Graphical Abstract.
Supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate and vitamin C: improving gestation and lactation outcomes in sows under heat stress
Authors: Feng Tao , Bai Jiahua , Xu Xiaoling , Guo Yong , Huang Zheng , Liu Yan
Published: July 2017

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) or NCG in combination with vitamin C on the gestation and lactation of sows under heat stress during summer. The experiment lasted 51 days from the last month of gestation to weaning (Day 21 of lactation) and involved 100 Yorkshire sows, divided into four groups, fed as follows: (1) Control diet, (2) Control diet plus 0.05% NCG, (3) Control diet plus 0.05% vitamin C, and (4) Control diet plus 0.05% NCG and 0.05% vitamin C. The reproductive performances and partial serum indicators of sows were measured. The results indicated that either NCG or vitamin C administration can ameliorate heat stress and improve the reproductive performance of sows during summer. When administering NCG and vitamin C, litter weights (16.12/13.86 kg, P < 0.05) and average weights of living piglets (1.56/1.34 kg, P < 0.05), rather than numbers born alive (10.47/10.30 head, P > 0.05), were greatly increased at farrowing, and subsequently litter weights (59.69/48.61 kg, P < 0.05) and average weights of living piglets (6.00/5.16 kg, P < 0.05) at weaning were greatly increased in comparison with Controls. The combinational additives can decrease malonaldehyde and cortisol levels, and enhance immunoglobulin G level in the maternal circulation, as well as decrease the respiration rate and increase feed intake of sows. The results demonstrate that NCG in combination with vitamin C can enhance piglet weight rather than number during gestation and lactation and has important implications for anti-heat stress during summer.
Measuring shared variants in cohorts of discordant siblings with applications to autism
Authors: Ye Kenny , Iossifov Ivan , Levy Dan , Yamrom Boris , Buja Andreas , Krieger Abba M. , Wigler Michael
Published: July 2017

Significance

We developed a statistical method that detects if shared ancestral genetic variants contribute to a disorder by analyzing common variant data from cohorts that include discordant sibling pairs. We applied this method to two published datasets of autism families and found strong evidence that shared ancestral genetic variants contribute to autism spectrum disorders.
Bacteria-mediated hypoxia functions as a signal for mosquito development
Authors: Coon Kerri L. , Valzania Luca , McKinney David A. , Vogel Kevin J. , Brown Mark R. , Strand Michael R.
Published: July 2017

Significance

Mosquitoes are important insects because several species transmit pathogens as adults that cause disease in humans and other vertebrates. One approach for control is preventing immature mosquitoes from developing into adults. Immature-stage mosquitoes require gut bacteria to develop, but the mechanisms underlying this dependence are unknown. Here, we identify cytochromebdoxidase as a bacterial product involved in mosquito development. We also show that bacteria-mediated reduction of oxygen levels in the digestive tract of larvae serves as a signal for molting. These findings provide the first evidence that aerobic respiration by bacteria plays an essential role in mosquito development. This information can also potentially be used to develop tools for disabling the growth of larval mosquitoes into adults.
Application of metabolic controls for the maximization of lipid production in semicontinuous fermentation
Authors: Xu Jingyang , Liu Nian , Qiao Kangjian , Vogg Sebastian , Stephanopoulos Gregory
Published: July 2017

Significance

This work establishes a semicontinuous process for efficient and complete upgrading of low-strength acetic acid into lipids. By implementing control strategies in response to the time-varying nature of cell metabolism, we achieved and sustained lipid yields close to the theoretical maximum while maintaining high productivities. The control algorithm was designed to respond to readily available real-time measurements and basic principles, which is ideal for industrial applications. Overall, our process scheme can directly take in dilute nutrient streams that are difficult and costly to purify and is able to biologically convert them into highly concentrated value-added products. This design significantly reduces the energy costs associated with processes using dilute feedstocks, which typically require initial concentration of the feed.
Virus-induced inflammasome activation is suppressed by prostaglandin D
2
/DP1 signaling
Authors: Vijay Rahul , Fehr Anthony R. , Janowski Ann M. , Athmer Jeremiah , Wheeler Dorthea L. , Grunewald Matthew , Sompallae Ramakrishna , Kurup Samarchith P. , Meyerholz David K. , Sutterwala Fayyaz S. , Narumiya Shuh , Perlman Stanley
Published: July 2017

Significance

Inflammatory responses to viral infections must be optimized to clear the pathogen without tissue damage. Inflammasomes comprise an important component of the innate immune response. Inflammasome activity must be carefully controlled to prevent a hyperinflammatory response, especially in brain infections. Here we identify a host factor, PYDC3, that is dependent upon prostaglandin D2 (PGD
2
) and IFN-I signaling and is required to modulate inflammasome activation. After infection, inflammasome activation and expression of a downstream proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, were increased in mice deficient in PGD
2
signaling, decreasing survival. Excess mortality was reversed by IL-1β receptor blockade. These results define a consequence of prostaglandin signaling and shed light on prostaglandin–inflammasome interactions, which modulate excessive inflammation and tissue damage in the virus-infected brain.
Transitional–turbulent spots and turbulent–turbulent spots in boundary layers
Authors: Wu Xiaohua , Moin Parviz , Wallace James M. , Skarda Jinhie , Lozano-Durán Adrián , Hickey Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2017

Significance

Uncovering the constitutive coherent structure in the inner layer of the canonical turbulent boundary layer has remained a central fluid mechanics theme, because it tests our intellectual ability to understand even the simplest external flow. We describe here how turbulent spots are initiated in bypass boundary-layer transition and uncover the ubiquity of concentrations of vortices in the fully turbulent region with characteristics remarkably like transitional–turbulent spots. We present strong evidence that these concentrations of vortices are the constitutive coherent structure of the inner layer near the wall. This study contributes to the unification of understanding of phenomena occurring in boundary-layer late-stage transition with near-wall turbulent boundary-layer structure and dynamics in the developed flow.
Pig model mimicking chronic hepatitis E virus infection in immunocompromised patients to assess immune correlates during chronicity
Authors: Cao Dianjun , Cao Qian M. , Subramaniam Sakthivel , Yugo Danielle M. , Heffron C. Lynn , Rogers Adam J. , Kenney Scott P. , Tian Debin , Matzinger Shannon R. , Overend Christopher , Catanzaro Nicholas , LeRoith Tanya , Wang Heng , Piñeyro Pablo , Lindstrom Nicole , Clark-Deener Sherrie , Yuan Lijuan , Meng Xiang-Jin
Published: July 2017

Significance

An estimated 20 million hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections occur yearly worldwide, leading to 56,600 deaths. Chronic HEV infection has recently become a significant clinical problem in immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant patients. The lack of an animal model greatly hinders our ability to study chronic HEV infection and develop therapeutics. Here we report the successful development a pig model of chronic HEV infection by mimicking the conditions of immunocompromised organ transplant patients. We demonstrate that active suppression of HEV-specific cell-mediated immune responses under immunocompromised conditions may facilitate the establishment of chronic HEV infection. This unique model now affords the opportunity to delineate the mechanism leading to chronicity and to test specific antivirals against chronic hepatitis E.
Stem caecilian from the Triassic of Colorado sheds light on the origins of Lissamphibia
Authors: Pardo Jason D. , Small Bryan J. , Huttenlocker Adam K.
Published: July 2017

Significance

Research into modern amphibian origins is increasingly focusing on the limbless caecilians, a poorly studied group whose pre-Cenozoic fossils are limited to two species. We describe tiny fossils from the Triassic of Colorado with a mixture of traits found in caecilians and extinct Permian–Triassic temnospondyls: Stereospondyli. Computed 3D tomography shows how skull bones organized around internal structures, and we suggest how these may have become fused or simplified in caecilians. The fossils’ association with burrows highlights ecological diversity of Triassic amphibians as well as when and how burrowing evolved in the stereospondyl ancestors of caecilians. Our narrative for research on amphibian origins highlights the importance of stereospondyls, the most numerous and anatomically diverse amphibian group of the Triassic.
A survey of English-medium instruction in Italian higher education
Authors: Broggini Susanna , Costa Francesca
Published: July 2017

English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) has rapidly become a widespread phenomenon in Europe, especially in many Italian institutions. The growth of EMI is currently exponential as well as non-regimented; it is therefore very important to obtain updated, local data regarding this phenomenon, which could be of use in developing future national policies. This study describes the data gathered in a 2015 survey of English-Medium Instruction (EMI) which included all Italian universities. The survey concentrated on three areas, the lecturers and students involved and the overall organisation of the courses in both private and public institutions in the North, Centre and South of Italy. The paper updates information on the same topic gathered from a previous questionnaire (Costa & Coleman, 2012), reflecting on what has changed during the intervening three years.
Fatigue properties of friction stir welds of treated Al to carbon fibre-reinforced plastic
Authors: Ogawa Yuki , Xiong Yida , Akebono Hiroyuki , Kato Masahiko , Tanaka Kojiro , Sugeta Atsushi
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to establish the welding technology for dissimilar materials of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic. Therefore, this study focused on friction stir spot welding, which can be simply substituted for spot welding which is widely used for welding of automobile body. In this study, friction stir spot welding was used to weld joints of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic and aluminium alloy, and the effect of aluminium alloy surface treatments on the fatigue properties and the fracture mechanism of dissimilar material joints were investigated experimentally and statistically. As a result, it is possible to create welding joints with high fatigue durability by using the surface treatments on the aluminium alloy.
Extracellular vesicles released following heat stress induce bystander effect in unstressed populations
Authors: Bewicke‐Copley Findlay , Mulcahy Laura Ann , Jacobs Laura Ann , Samuel Priya , Akbar Naveed , Pink Ryan Charles , Carter David Raul Francisco
Published: July 2017

Cells naïve to stress can display the effects of stress, such as DNA damage and apoptosis, when they are exposed to signals from stressed cells; this phenomenon is known as the bystander effect. We previously showed that bystander effect induced by ionising radiation are mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Bystander effect can also be induced by other types of stress, including heat shock, but it is unclear whether EVs are involved. Here we show that EVs released from heat shocked cells are also able to induce bystander damage in unstressed populations. Naïve cells treated with media conditioned by heat shocked cells showed higher levels of DNA damage and apoptosis than cells treated with media from control cells. Treating naïve cells with EVs derived from media conditioned by heat shocked cells also induced a bystander effect when compared to control, with DNA damage and apoptosis increasing whilst the level of cell viability was reduced. We demonstrate that treatment of naïve cells with heat shocked cell‐derived EVs leads to greater invasiveness in a trans‐well Matrigel assay. Finally, we show that naïve cells treated with EVs from heat‐shocked cells are more likely to survive a subsequent heat shock, suggesting that these EVs mediate an adaptive response. We propose that EVs released following stress mediate an intercellular response that leads to apparent stress in neighbouring cells but also greater robustness in the face of a subsequent insult.
Culprits or Bystanders? Offshore Jurisdictions and the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Haberly Daniel , Wójcik Dariusz
Published: July 2017

Questions have been raised regarding the role of low-tax offshore jurisdictions in the global financial crisis, based largely on evidence that many problematic asset-backed securities were issued from or listed in the Cayman Islands, Jersey, Ireland, and other ‘offshore’ sites. However, there has not been a systematic investigation of the offshore geography of crisis-implicated securitization. Here we fill this gap by constructing the first comprehensive jurisdictional map of the largest pre-crisis Asset-Backed Commercial Paper (ABCP) programmes, and examining the rationale for and impacts of this geography in detail. We show that offshore jurisdictions were disproportionately involved in producing the most unstable ABCP classes. However, this is difficult to explain in terms of the traditional role of offshore banking centres as sites for direct avoidance of onshore regulation and transparency. Rather, we propose a Minskian model of pre-crisis offshore ABCP production, wherein these jurisdictions specialized in alleviating incidental institutional frictions (eg double taxation) hindering onshore financial innovation. In this context, they could sometimes be legitimately described as improving the institutional ‘efficiency’ of financial markets; however, by facilitating the endogenous evolutionary instability of these markets, this apparently innocuous service had profoundly negative effects. This normative disconnect poses a conundrum for offshore reform.
Integration of multiple data sources for gene network inference using genetic perturbation data
Authors: Liang Xiao , Young William Chad , Hung Ling-Hong , Raftery Adrian E. , Yeung Ka Yee
Published: July 2017

Background

The inference of gene regulatory networks is of great interest and has various applications. The recent advances in high-throughout biological data collection have facilitated the construction and understanding of gene regulatory networks in many model organisms. However, the inference of gene networks from large-scale human genomic data can be challenging. Generally, it is difficult to identify the correct regulators for each gene in the large search space, given that the high dimensional gene expression data only provides a small number of observations for each gene.

Results

We present a Bayesian approach integrating external data sources with knockdown data from human cell lines to infer gene regulatory networks. In particular, we assemble multiple data sources including gene expression data, genome-wide binding data, gene ontology, known pathways and use a supervised learning framework to compute prior probabilities of regulatory relationships. We show that our integrated method improves the accuracy of inferred gene networks. We apply our method to two different human cell lines, which illustrates the general scope of our method.

Conclusions

We present a flexible and systematic framework for external data integration that improves the accuracy of human gene network inference while retaining efficiency. Integrating various data sources of biological information also provides a systematic way to build on knowledge from existing literature.
Deconstructing multivariate decoding for the study of brain function
Authors: Hebart Martin N. , Baker Chris I.
Published: July 2017

Multivariate decoding methods were developed originally as tools to enable accurate predictions in real-world applications. The realization that these methods can also be employed to study brain function has led to their widespread adoption in the neurosciences. However, prior to the rise of multivariate decoding, the study of brain function was firmly embedded in a statistical philosophy grounded on univariate methods of data analysis. In this way, multivariate decoding for brain interpretation grew out of two established frameworks: multivariate decoding for predictions in real-world applications, and classical univariate analysis based on the study and interpretation of brain activation. We argue that this led to two confusions, one reflecting a mixture of multivariate decoding for prediction or interpretation, and the other a mixture of the conceptual and statistical philosophies underlying multivariate decoding and classical univariate analysis. Here we attempt to systematically disambiguate multivariate decoding for the study of brain function from the frameworks it grew out of. After elaborating these confusions and their consequences, we describe six, often unappreciated, differences between classical univariate analysis and multivariate decoding. We then focus on how the common interpretation of what is signal and noise changes in multivariate decoding. Finally, we use four examples to illustrate where these confusions may impact the interpretation of neuroimaging data. We conclude with a discussion of potential strategies to help resolve these confusions in interpreting multivariate decoding results, including the potential departure from multivariate decoding methods for the study of brain function.

Highlights

We highlight two sources of confusion that affect the interpretation of multivariate decoding results

One confusion arises from the dual use of multivariate decoding for predictions in real-world applications and for interpretation in terms of brain function

The other confusion arises from the different statistical and conceptual frameworks underlying classical univariate analysis to multivariate decoding

We highlight six differences between classical univariate analysis and multivariate decoding and differences in the interpretation of signal and noise

These confusions are illustrated in four examples revealing assumptions and limitations of multivariate decoding for interpretation
The genetic architecture of recurrent segregation distortion inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Seymour Danelle K. , Chae Eunyoung , Ariöz Burak I. , Koenig Daniel , Weigel Detlef
Published: July 2017

The equal probability of transmission of alleles from either parent during sexual reproduction is a central tenet of genetics and evolutionary biology. Yet, there are many cases where this rule is violated. Such violations limit intraspecific gene flow and can facilitate the formation of genetic barriers, a first step in speciation. Biased transmission of alleles, or segregation distortion, can result from a number of biological processes including epistatic interactions between incompatible loci, gametic selection, and meiotic drive. Examples of these phenomena have been identified in many species, implying that they are universal, but comprehensive species-wide studies of segregation distortion are lacking. We have performed a species-wide screen for distorted allele frequencies in over 500 segregating populations ofArabidopsis thalianausing reduced-representation genome sequencing. Biased transmission of alleles was evident in up to a quarter of surveyed populations. Most populations exhibited distortion at only one genomic region, with some regions being repeatedly affected in multiple populations. Our results begin to elucidate the species-level architecture of biased transmission of genetic material inA. thaliana, and serve as a springboard for future studies into the basis of intraspecific genetic barriers.
A Cautionary Tail: Changes in Integrin Behavior with Labeling
Authors: Galbraith Catherine G. , Davidson Michael W. , Galbraith James A.
Published: July 2017

Genetic expression of fluorescently labeled proteins is essential to visualizing dynamic behavior within live cells. Recent advances in microscopy have increased resolution to the level where it is now possible to capture individual molecules interacting. However, the criteria for determining whether a fluorescent label perturbs protein function have not undergone a corresponding increase in resolution. The effects of protein labeling on cell function are still judged by whether populations of protein localize and interact with known binding partners. Here we use integrins, bidirectional signal adhesion molecules that regulate interactions between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton through a well-defined series of conformational changes to show that not all labeling strategies are the same. We found that labeling the beta subunit decreased the mobility of individual integrin molecules and the protrusive activity of the entire cell. While integrins with labeled alpha subunits behaved similarly to unlabeled integrins, labeling the beta subunit increased the size of adhesions by elevating integrin affinity and exposing the ligand induced binding domain to change the molecule conformation. Thus, our single molecule and cellular data indicate that the ability of labeled proteins to localize and interact with known binding partners does not guarantee it does not alter protein function. We propose that the behaviors of individual molecules rather than the ensemble behavior of populations need to be considered as criteria to determine if a probe is non-perturbative.
Self-citations, a trend prevalent across subject disciplines at the global level: an overview
Authors: Pandita Ramesh , Singh Shivendra
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The present study aims to determine the prevailing trend of self-citations across 27 major subject disciplines at global level. The study also examines the aspects like percentage of self-citations in each individual subject discipline and the average number of self-citations per publication across different subject disciplines. The study also investigates self-citation percentage of research articles published from the 20 leading research countries of the world and across the continents.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is supported by empirical findings undertaken on secondary data retrieved from SCImago Journal and Country Ranking, which is entirely based on the SCOPUS data source (SCImago, 2014).

Findings

In all, 76,634,557 citations were received by as many as 14,946,975 research articles published from 2008-2012 at an average of 5.12 citations per article. Of the total citations received, 26,404,609 (34.45 per cent) were self-citations, which means that of the total citations received by each research article, 1.76 are self-citations. Compared to subject disciplines falling under social and humanistic sciences, pure and applied sciences have shown a greater trend of self-citation. On average, 4.18 self-citations were observed in each research article published in multidisciplinary subject disciplines. Of the total citations received by research articles published in the discipline of Psychology, 43.69 per cent are self-citations, the highest among all the subject disciplines under study. Of the total self-citations received by all the subject disciplines under study, 18.43 per cent were received alone in medicine, highest among all, whereas Social and Humanistic sciences received less than 1.00 per cent self-citations, the lowest among all the subject disciplines.

Originality/value

This study is original and first of its kind covering each individual subject discipline having global scope.
Diversity at work in academic libraries 2010-2015: an annotated bibliography
Authors: Semenza Jenny Lynne , Koury Regina , Shropshire Sandra
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an annotated bibliography of literature on diversity initiatives for 2010-2015 in academic libraries, both in USA and internationally. It aims to help librarians interested in fostering a welcoming and supporting environment for all individuals and engaging library community in discussions about diversity.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted literature review using EBSCOhost multidisciplinary databases and Google Scholar, using the terms “divers*” and “academic librar*” and limiting search results to 2010-2015 dates.

Findings

The literature reviewed in this annotated bibliography is a solid start to assist librarians with diversity initiatives from planning collections to wider organization planning purposes.

Originality/value

No other annotated bibliography currently exists for those interested in conducting vital work of ensuring a respectful and inclusive library environment.