bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Newton’s Polynomial Based - Automatic Model Generation (AMG) for Sensor Calibration to Improve the Performance of the Low-Cost Ultrasonic Range Finder (HC-SR04)
Authors: Gandha Gutama Indra , Santoso Dewi Agustini
Published: September 2020

The ultrasonic range finder sensors is a general-purpose sensor to measure the distance contactless. This sensor is categorized as a low-cost sensor that is widely used in various applications. This sensor has a significant deviation that leads to significant errors in the measurement result. The error produced by this sensor tends to increase proportionally to the measured distance. The implementation of a particular algorithm is required to reduce the error value. The model-based calibration is a solution to increase accuracy. The model-based solutions are no longer feasible if the states of the model have changed. The length of the usage of the sensor leads to sensor fatigue. Sensor fatigue is one of the causes of model state changes. If the drift is still within the tolerance limit, the sensor performance can still be restored using the calibration method. The model-based calibration calibrates the sensor by using the model. The update of the model must be made whenever the changing of the model state occurred. Since the manual model-making process is not an easy task, time, and cost required, then the Newton polynomial-based (Automatic Model Generation (AMG) has been implemented in this research. The AMG algorithm generates the new sensor model automatically based on the most updated states. This automatic model generation is implemented in the calibration process of the ultrasonic sensor. The implementation of a polynomial-based AMG algorithm for sensor calibration has been succeeded in improving the calibrated sensor’s accuracy by 96.4% and reducing the MSE level from 25.6 to 0.914
Study on the Mechanical Properties of BFRP Tube Confined Concrete Short Columns under Axial Compression
Authors: Ding Xindong , Wang Shuqing , Liu Yu , Zheng Zepeng
Published: September 2020

Axial compression tests were carried out on 6 square steel tube confined concrete short columns and 6 BFRP square pipe confined concrete axial compression tests. The concrete strength grades were C30, C40, and C50. The test results show that the failure modes of steel pipe and BFRP pipe are obviously different, and the BFRP pipe undergoes brittle failure. Compared with the short columns of concrete confined by BFRP pipes, the ultimate bearing capacity of axial compression is increased by -76.46%, -76.01%, and -73.06%, and the ultimate displacements are -79.20%, -80.78%, -71.71%.
Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of A Transparent Asphalt Binder Modified with Nano-TiO2
Authors: Rocha Segundo Iran , Landi Jr. Salmon , Margaritis Alexandros , Pipintakos Georgios , Freitas Elisabete , Vuye Cedric , Blom Johan , Tytgat Tom , Denys Siegfried , Carneiro Joaquim
Published: September 2020

Transparent binder is used to substitute conventional black asphalt binder and to provide light-colored pavements, whereas nano-TiO2 has the potential to promote photocatalytic and self-cleaning properties. Together, these materials provide multifunction effects and benefits when the pavement is submitted to high solar irradiation. This paper analyses the physicochemical and rheological properties of a transparent binder modified with 0.5%, 3.0%, 6.0%, and 10.0% of nano-TiO2 and compares it to the transparent base binder, and conventional and polymer modified binders (PMB) without nano-TiO2. Their penetration, softening point, dynamic viscosity, master curve, black diagram, Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS), Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were obtained. The transparent binders (base and modified) seem to be workable considering their viscosity and exhibited values between the conventional binder and PMB regarding rutting resistance, penetration, and softening point. They showed similar behavior as the PMB, demonstrating signs of polymer-modification. The addition of TiO2 seems to reduce fatigue life, except for the 0.5% content. Nevertheless, its addition in high contents increases the rutting resistance. The TiO2 modification seems to have little effect on the chemical functional indices. The best percentage of TiO2 was 0.5%, considering fatigue and 10.0% concerning permanent deformation.
Ulnocarpal-Spanning Plate Fixation as a Novel Technique for Complex Distal Ulna Fracture
Authors: Sochol Kristen M. , Nicholson Luke T. , Ghiassi Alidad
Published: September 2020

Case:

The patient was a 60-year-old woman with a comminuted, open distal radius and distal ulna metadiaphyseal fracture. After fixation of the distal radius, the distal ulna was unstable and crepitant with rotation and anteroposterior translation. Because of limited bone stock and poor soft tissue, we spanned the distal ulna using a wrist spanning plate. This was removed at 6 weeks postoperatively. She healed and was satisfied with her outcomes.

Conclusion:

This case describes the original use of a wrist spanning plate for a complex distal ulna fracture. Ulnocarpal-spanning plate fixation provides an alternative to traditional methods of fixation.
Management of Orthopaedic Emergencies During a Pandemic: Compartment Syndrome of the Hand in a Patient with COVID-19
Authors: Hill Kelly L. , Wu Victor J. , Kusumoto Hirofumi , Sherman William F. , Savoie Felix H.
Published: September 2020

Case:

A 58-year-old man presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome and coagulopathy secondary to COVID-19. He developed acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the left hand. He underwent a bedside 10-compartment decompression of the hand with volar forearm and carpal tunnel release while in the ICU. This report adds to the scarce body of literature regarding orthopaedic complications related to COVID-19.

Conclusion:

Coagulopathy secondary to COVID-19 can be a risk factor for the development of ACS. Frequent examinations of lines, restraints, and extremities are recommended. The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges, necessitating clinical adjustments to best care for patients.
COVID-19 and Child Vaccination: A Systematic Approach to Closing the Immunization Gap
Authors: Olorunsaiye Comfort Z. , Yusuf Korede K. , Reinhart Kylie , Salihu Hamisu M.
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to set back major successes that have been achieved in global vaccine initiatives. We conducted a rapid review and synthesis of the literature on immunization provision and Utilization since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 11 papers comprising peer-reviewed articles and key policies and guidelines, published between January 1 and June 15, 2020, were analyzed. Widespread disruptions of routine immunization and vaccination campaigns were reported leaving millions of children worldwide at risk of measles outbreaks. We present an expanded model of the World Health Organization’s Global Routine Immunization Strategic Plan (GRISP) action areas as a tool to help countries quickly adapt to immunization challenges in the presence of COVID-19 and close the emerging immunization coverage gaps.
Key words: • Immunization • Child health • Vaccination • COVID-19 • Essential health services • Corona virus
 
Copyright © 2020 Olorunsaiye et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Expected Surge in Maternal Mortality and Severe Morbidity among African-Americans in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yusuf Korede K , Dongarwar Deepa , Ibrahimi Sahra , Ikedionwu Chioma , Maiyegun Sitratullah O. , Salihu Hamisu M.
Published: September 2020

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, African-American mothers were three times as likely to die from pregnancy-related causes compared to white mothers. The impact of the pandemic among African- Americans could further worsen the racial disparities in maternal mortality (MM) and severe maternal morbidity (SMM). This study aimed to create a theoretical framework delineating the contributors to an expected rise in maternal mortality (MM) and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) among African-Americans in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic due to preliminary studies suggesting heightened vulnerability of African-Americans to the virus as well as its adverse health effects. Rapid searches were conducted in PubMed and Google to identify published articles on the health determinants of MM and SMM that have been or likely to be disproportionately affected by the pandemic in African-Americans. We identified socioeconomic and health trends determinants that may contribute to future adverse maternal health outcomes. There is a need to intensify advocacy, implement culturally acceptable programs, and formulate policies to address social determinants of health.

Keywords: • COVID-19 • Maternal mortality • Severe maternal morbidity • African-Americans

 

Copyright © 2020 Yusuf et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
COVID-19 Devastation of African American Families: Impact on Mental Health and the Consequence of Systemic Racism
Authors: Ibrahimi Sahra , Yusuf Korede K. , Dongarwar Deepa , Maiyegun Sitratullah Olawunmi , Ikedionwu Chioma , Salihu Hamisu M.
Published: September 2020

African Americans are bearing a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 pandemic. To our knowledge, no previous study has delineated inequities potentially incentivized by systemic racism, and whether synergistic effects impose an abnormally high burden of social determinants of mental health on African American families in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. We applied the social ecological model (SEM) to portray inequities induced by systemic racism that impact the mental health of African American families. In our model, we identified systemic racism to be the primary operator of mental health disparity, which disproportionately affects African American families at all levels of the SEM. Programs tailored towards reducing the disproportionate detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of African Americans need to be culturally appropriate and consider the nuances of systemic racism, discrimination, and other institutionalized biases.

Key words: • African American • COVID-19 • Mental health • Systemic racism • Social determinants of mental health

 

Copyright © 2020 Ibrahimi et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
A protocol for reconstructing the dynamics of real-world systems from observational data: Application for establishing a digital proxy of a bioreactor (DIYBOT)
Authors: Huffaker Ray , McLamore Eric S.
Published: September 2020

This protocol sets out a broadly-applicable framework for empirically reconstructing the dynamics of biosystems from observational data, modeling reconstructed dynamics phenomenologically with systems of ordinary differential equations extracted from the data, and detecting and quantifying causal interactions among system components. The protocol draws from well-established procedures in Nonlinear Time Series Analysis (NLTS) that can be run with existing R packages. The protocol was applied in McLamore et al. (2020)1 to develop a phenomenological digital proxy of a bioreactor (DIYBOT) from real-time sensor data. DIYBOT was used to investigate whether bioreactor dynamics self-corrected in response to contamination spikes of increasing degrees; and consequently, the extent to which corrective human-in-the-loop management might be required.
Differences in trochlear groove based on morphometric measurements of three-dimensional reconstruction models between native knees and five different femoral component designs in Chinese subjects
Authors: Chen Shi Chang , Xu Hua , Gong Shaohua
Published: September 2020

Background: The prosthetic trochlear design is important in postoperative patellofemoral kinematics and knee function. However, little research has been conducted on the differences in trochlear groove between native and prosthetic knees. We aimed to investigate the differences between Chinese native knees and prosthetic knees of five different femoral component designs using three-dimensional computerized quantification of the entire trochlear length.Methods: Virtual total knee arthroplasty was performed using three-dimensional models of 42 healthy Chinese knees matched to the femoral components of five different prosthetic systems by mechanical alignment. The deepest points of the trochlear groove were marked in multiple cross sections for both the native and prosthetic knees. Taking the lower extremity mechanical axis as reference line, the differences in the mediolateral location of the trochlear groove were analyzed between the native and prosthetic knees.Results: From the proximal to the distal end, the native trochlear groove started from 0° cross section and extended laterally and then medially, with its turning point located at 69° cross section. The prosthetic trochlear groove showed a similar medial orientation and extended more proximally, but varied in mediolateral location and the length extending to the intercondylar notch. Compared with the proximal portion of the native trochlear groove, the prosthetic knees extended along a paradoxical orientation and started from a more proximal and lateral position to 3.2 mm in the 0° cross section, with maximal discrepancy. Distally, the prosthetic trochlear grooves were located significantly medial to 2.4 mm in the 69° cross section, with maximal discrepancy.Conclusion: The prosthetic trochlear design varied among the different types and did not conform to the native knee in terms of shape, orientation, and location, which may cause soft tissue tension imbalance and abnormal patellofemoral biomechanics during knee flexion. This study may provide useful information for creating prosthetic trochlear designs that conform with the native knee anatomy to optimize patellofemoral biomechanics and reduce the risk of patellofemoral complications.
White Thrombosis on Optical Coherence Tomography after Rotational Atherectomy of Severely Coronary Calcified Lesions
Authors: CAO Cheng-fu , MA Yu-liang , LI Qi , LIU Jian , ZHAO Hong , LU Ming-yu , wang weimin
Published: September 2020

Background: Rotational atherectomy (RA) has improved percutaneous treatment of severe coronary calcified lesions, but the "no-reflow" phenomenon remains a serious complication. Platelet activation by RA may contribute to the no-reflow, we use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to test the effect of RA on white thrombosis that could confirm platelet activation indirectly. Methods: We analyzed 53 consecutive patients with coronary angiographic severe calcified lesions. All the patients were examined by OCT. Twenty patients received RA and OCT imaging performed before and after RA and after stent implantation. The remaining patients were as a control group and OCT imaging performed before balloon dilatation and after stent implantation. Results: The patients were older and higher incidence of Diabetes mellitus in the RA group. In the RA group, the mean burr size was 1.48±0.14mm. The mean rotation speed was 152,300±4,200rpm. The mean number of rotations per patient was 5.3±2.1 times and the mean ablation time per RA was 11.3±3.2 seconds. In the control group, there was no thrombogenesis during the procedure, but in the RA group, all the target vessels had only white thrombosis on OCT after RA. The average number of white thrombus per lesion after RA was 7.23±4.4, and the average length of every white thrombus was 0.51±0.33mm. In Pearson Correlation Analysis, Thrombotic load was related with burr size (r=0.575, P=0.040) and rotation number (r=0.599, P=0.031).Conclusions: White thrombosis during RA is proved by OCT in vivo. Treating calcified lesions with RA may enhance thrombogenesis. These data suggest using a proper therapy to avoid no-reflow during RA.
Significant reduction in abundance of peridomestic mosquitoes (Culicidae) and Culicoides midges (Ceratopogonidae) after chemical intervention in western São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: González Mikel A. , Dilger Erin , Ronderos María M. , Spinelli Gustavo R. , Courtenay Orin , Hamilton James Gordon Campbell
Published: September 2020

Background: We assessed the impact of two sand fly insecticide interventions (insecticide spraying and insecticide-impregnated dog collars) on the peridomestic abundance and distribution of mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) in Western São Paulo (Brazil) in a long-term (42-month) evaluation. Both of these Dipteran groups are vectors of diseases of medical and veterinary relevance to humans and domestic animals in Brazil. Methods: The interventions in the 3-arm stratified randomised control trial were: pheromone + insecticide (PI) (chicken roosts were sprayed with microencapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin; pheromone lure has no effect on the Diptera pests studied here), dog-collars (DC) (dogs fitted with deltamethrin-impregnated collars), and control (C) (unexposed to pyrethroids) were extended by 12 months. During that time, adult mosquitoes and midges were sampled along 280 households at three household locations (inside human dwellings, dog sleeping sites, and chicken roosts).Results: We collected 3,145 culicids (9 genera, 87.6% Culex spp.) distributed relatively uniformly across all 3 arms; 41.9% at chicken roosts, 37.7% inside houses, and 20.3% at dog sleeping sites. We collected 11,464 Culicoides (15 species) found mostly at chicken roosting sites (84.7%) compared with dog sleeping sites (12.9%) or houses (2.4%). Mosquitoes and Culicoides were most abundant during the hot and rainy season. Increased daytime temperature was marginally associated with increased mosquito abundance (z = 1.97; P = 0.049) and Culicoides abundance (z = 1.71; P = 0.087). There was no significant association with daily average rainfall for either group. Household-level mosquito and midge numbers were both significantly reduced by the PI intervention 56% [Incidence Rate Ratio, IRR = 0.54 (95% C.I. 0.30, 0.97), P ≤ 0.05] and 53% [IRR = 0.47 (0.26, 0.85), P ≤ 0.05], respectively, compared to the control intervention. The abundance of both Dipteran groups at dog sleeping sites was largely unaffected by the PI and DC interventions. The PI intervention significantly reduced abundance of mosquitoes inside houses (41%) and at chicken roosting sites (48%) and reduced midge abundance by 51% in chicken roosting sites.Conclusions: Sprayed insecticide at chicken roosting sites reduced the abundance of mosquitoes and midges at the peridomestic level while dog collars had no effect on numbers for any group.
Relationship Between the Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Aqueous Humor and Cataract in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome-A Case Control Study
Authors: Wang Hui , Tao Yong
Published: September 2020

Background This study aims to compare the levels of intraocular cytokines between FUS eyes and the senile cataract eyes. The association between inflammatory cytokine levels and cataract severity in FUS is evaluated to find the possible mechanism of cataract in FUS eyes. Methods A retrospective study of 28 eyes with FUS was performed. Auxiliary examinations were performed, including ophthalmic examinations, laser flare-cell photometry, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor were measured. The control group included 25 eyes with senile cataract. Data on the aqueous humor inflammatory cytokines were compared between the two groups. The association between the aqueous humor cytokine levels and severity of posterior subcapsular cataract was assessed. Results There were 28 eyes with FUS in 27 patients. Unilateral involvement was noted in 26 patients (96.30%). Stellate keratic precipitates (KPs) were noted in 16 eyes (57.14%). Heterochromia was observed in 21.43% of affected eyes. Posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) was observed in 16 of the 28 eyes. Eyes with FUS had significantly higher aqueous humor (AH) cytokine levels (VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) compared with the control eyes (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the severity of cataract and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the AH (τ = 0.675 and 0.793, respectively; P = 0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions Expression of VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the AH of FUS patients was significantly higher than in senile cataract eyes, and the aqueous humor levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly positively associated with the severity of posterior subcapsular cataract. Our results imply that an inflammation mechanism may be involved in the early development of cataract in FUS.
Prevalence and social determinants of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia
Authors: Saing Chan Hang , Prem Kiesha , Uk Ponha , Chann Navy , Chhoun Pheak , Mun Phalkun , Tuot Sovannary , Yi Siyan
Published: September 2020

Background: People who use drugs are at a disproportionately higher risk of mental disorders due to prolonged exposure to psychosocial challenges. However, studies on mental health among people who use drugs in resource-constrained countries are scarce. This study sheds light on the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia.Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study in 12 provinces in 2017. The Respondent Driven Sampling method was adapted to recruit 1677 people who used drugs for face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A total score of GHQ-12>2 indicated high psychological distress. We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with psychological distress. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.6 years (SD= 7.8). Of the total, 41.9% had high psychological distress – 49.7% in women and 37.3% in men. We included 1598 participants in the multiple logistic regression analysis. The adjusted odds of having high psychological distress was significantly higher among participants who were 25-34 years old (AOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01-1.70) and 35 years and above (AOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.19-2.35), had been to a drug rehabilitation center (AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.48-2.86), had been insulted by family members (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.62-2.70), and had been sexually harassed/abused by someone when they were growing up (AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.38-2.36). The odds of having high psychological distress was significantly lower among participants who were male (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.41-0.69), lived in own dwelling (AOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.77), reported injecting as the mode of the first drug use (AOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.91), and had someone taking care of when getting sick (AOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47-0.99).Conclusions: This study documents a high prevalence of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia. Intervention programs that attempt to address mental health problems among people who use drugs in resource-limited settings should be gender- and age-sensitive and target more marginalized subpopulations. Mental health services can be integrated into HIV and harm-reduction programs for people who use drugs.
Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes on Genomic Index Maps of Hierarchy
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey , Zhou Yang , Zhu Minghan , Qiao Mu , Zhang Zhigang
Published: September 2020

Using visual technologies, COVID-19 patients worldwide are conveniently described by position information to collect samples, and modern GIS maps are useful to show influenced flows and numbers of patients on various regions of a pendamic. From an analysis viewpoint, it is more interesting to organize genomic information into a phylogenic tree with multiple branches and leaves in representations. Clusters of genomes are organized as phylogenic trees to represent intrinsic information of genomes. However, there are structural difficulties in projecting phylogenetic information into 2D distributions as GIS maps naturally. In this paper, a novel projection is proposed to arrange SARS-CoV-2 genomes by genomic indexes to make a structural organization as 2D GIS maps. For any genome, there is a unique invariant under certain conditions to provide an absolute position on a specific region. In this hierarchical framework, it is possible to use a visual tool to represent any selected region for clustering genomes on refined effects. Complementary visual effects are provided with phylogenetic tree technology. Sample regions and various projections show spread effects of five thousand SARS-CoV-2 genomes in 72 countries, and four special countries are selected on genomic index maps.
Host phylogeny matters: Examining sources of variation in infection risk by blood parasites across a tropical montane bird community in India
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Vishnudas C.K. , Robin V.V. , Dharmarajan Guha
Published: September 2020

Background: Identifying patterns and drivers of infection risk among host communities is crucial to elucidate disease dynamics and predict infectious disease risk in wildlife populations. Blood parasites of genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are a diverse group of vector-borne protozoan parasites that affect bird populations globally. Despite their widespread distribution and exceptional diversity, factors underlying haemosporidian infection risk in wild bird communities remain poorly understood. While some studies have examined variation in avian haemosporidian risk, researchers have primarily focused on host ecological traits without considering host phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we employ a phylogenetically informed approach to examine the association between host ecological traits and haemosporidian infection risk in endemic bird communities in the Western Ghats Sky Islands.Methods: We used parasite sequence data based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, that was amplified from genomic DNA extracted from 1177 birds (28 species) across the Western Ghats to assess infection of birds with haemosporidian parasites. We employed a Bayesian phylogenetic mixed effect modelling approach to test whether haemosporidian infection risk was affected by seven species-specific and four individual level ecological predictors. We also examined the effect of host phylogenetic relationships on the observed patterns of variation in haemosporidian infection risk by estimating phylogenetic signal.Results: Our study shows that host ecological traits and host phylogeny differentially influence infection risk by Plasmodium (generalist parasite) and Haemoproteus (specialist parasite). For Plasmodium, we found that sociality, sexual dimorphism and feeding strata were important ecological predictors. For Haemoproteus, patterns of infection risk among host species were associated with sociality, elevation and individual body condition. Interestingly, variance in infection risk explained by host phylogeny was higher for Haemoproteus parasites compared to Plasmodium. Conclusion: Our study highlights that while host ecological traits promoting parasite exposure and host susceptibility are important determinants of infection risk, host phylogeny also contributes substantially to predicting patterns of haemosporidian infection risk in multi- host communities. Importantly, infection risk is driven by joint contributions of host ecology and host phylogeny and studying these effects together could increase our ability to better understand the drivers of infection risk and predict future disease threats.
Lung ultrasound and neonatal COVID-19 pneumonia: A case report.
Authors: Ríos Daniel Ibarra , García Dina Villanueva , Solano Edna Patricia Vázquez , García Alfonso de Jesús Martínez , Valdespino-Vázquez María Yolotzin , Repetto Addy Cecilia Helguera , González Horacio Márquez
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Severe Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in neonates is possible but reports are scarce. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been reported useful for triaging, diagnosing, and monitoring of patients with COVID-19.Material and methods: We describe SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infection on a term newborn that developed pneumonia and pulmonary hypertension requiring mechanical ventilation. Ultrasonographic follow up of COVID-19 pneumonia and pulmonary hypertension was carried out. Histopathological and genetic study of the placenta was performed. Results: A 3,140-g male infant born at 40.3 weeks’ gestation developed progressive respiratory distress (pulmonary hypertension) requiring mechanical ventilation. Real time PCR respiratory tract swabs for SARS COV 2 sampled on day 3 were positive for the baby and both parents. Lung ultrasound showed an irregular pleural line (shred sign), multiple confluent B-lines and bilateral ≥ 0.5 cm subpleural consolidations. Improvement of the lung and cardiac conditions were documented by ultrasound. The newborn was supported 6 days with mechanical ventilation, 3 days on CPAP and 3 days on oxygen. No antibiotics were used. The placenta showed histological findings linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection. RT-PCR from placental tissue showed amplification of viral E gene.Conclusion: Our case represents a severe presentation of COVID-19 pneumonia with pulmonary hypertension requiring mechanical ventilation. LUS showed to be useful for diagnosis and follow up. Transversal infection was possible.
What Factors Contribute to High Mechanical Strength of Tabia? Case Study of the Tabia from Coastal Forts Sites at Zhejiang, China
Authors: Zhang Cuisong , Zhang Bingjian , Cui Biao , Lin Guocong
Published: September 2020

Tabia is one of the most widely used construction materials in ancient China. In this work, the tabia samples from three coastal defense fort sites at Zhejiang Province, China, we analyzed to determine their component composition and physiochemical properties. The results show that these tabia samples exhibited high compressive strength, which could be as high as 4-9 MPa. Furthermore, the systematic analysis demonstrated that the high compressive strength was related to the following factors: 1) a suitable mass ratio of sand, lime, and clay; 2) an appropriate sand particle size ratio; and 3) the formation of hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H). Moreover, sticky rice was also detected in the tabia samples. These findings are fundamentally important, which could be beneficial to further study of the craftsmanship of the coastal defense forts and could further provide essential guidance for the protection and restoration of the tabia relics.
Transcriptome analysis and differential gene expression profiling of two contrasting quinoa genotypes in response to salt stress
Authors: Shi Pibiao , Gu Minfeng
Published: September 2020

Background: Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that affect crop growth and yield, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. Quinoa is considered as one of the most promising crops in the future for its high nutrition value and strong adaptability to extreme weather and soil conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive response to salinity stress of quinoa remain poorly understood. To identify candidate genes related to salt tolerance, we performed reference-guided assembly and compared the gene expression in roots treated with 300 mM NaCl for 0, 0.5, 2, and 24 h of two contrasting quinoa genotypes differing in salt tolerance.Results: The salt-tolerant (ST) genotype displayed higher seed germination rate and plant survival rate, and stronger seedling growth potential as well than the salt-sensitive (SS) genotype under salt stress. An average of 38,510,203 high-quality clean reads were generated. Significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were identified to deeper understand the differential response. Transcriptome analysis indicated that salt-responsive genes in quinoa were mainly related to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and metabolic pathways. Moreover, several pathways were significantly enriched amongst the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ST genotypes, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. 117 DEGs were common to various stages of both genotypes, identified as core salt-responsive genes, including some transcription factor members, like MYB, WRKY and NAC, and some plant hormone signal transduction related genes, like PYL, PP2C and TIFY10A, which play an important role in the adaptation to salt conditions of this species. The expression patterns of 21 DEGs were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and confirmed the reliability of the RNA-Seq results. Conclusions: We identified candidate genes involved in salt tolerance in quinoa, as well as some DEGs exclusively expressed in ST genotype. The DEGs common to both genotypes under salt stress may be the key genes for quinoa to adapt to salinity environment. These candidate genes regulate salt tolerance primarily by participating in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, protein kinases biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and other important biological processes. These findings provide theoretical basis for further understanding the regulation mechanism underlying salt tolerance network of quinoa, as well establish foundation for improving its tolerance to salinity in future breeding programs.
Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy ameliorates postoperative reactive pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation
Authors: LI JUN , LI YANG , Wang Deguo
Published: September 2020

Background: Approximately one-third patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) showed postoperative reactive pain, and this reactive pain may be related to the postoperative increased release of inflammatory mediators. Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) can obviously reduce the intraoperative soft tissue trauma. The aim of this study is to investigate the reactive pain in LDH patients undergoing PTED compared with open discectomy. Material and methods: This study retrospectively included 72 patients (PTED vs. open discectomy: 41 vs. 31), and the incidence of reactive pain, as well as both the extent and duration of reactive pain, were evaluated. Furthermore, inflammation related markers in both blood and drainage fluid samples, including white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, were tested before and after operation. Results: Significantly greater number of patients undergoing open discectomy showed reactive pain compared to those undergoing PTED (13/31, 41.9% vs. 7/41, 17.0%; P < 0.05), and the duration of reactive pain is mildly longer in the former (P < 0.05). In both patient groups, the patients with reactive pain showed increased IL-6 and IL-1β in drainage fluid, as well as increased IL-6 in blood samples (P < 0.05), and there is significant correlation between the inflammation markers in drainage fluid and both duration and extent of reactive pain in both patient groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Local inflammatory substance accumulation may be potential cause for postoperative reactive pain, and PTED may reduce this inflammatory accumulation at the surgical site and subsequently reduce the risk of reactive pain. Trial registration: This retrospective cohort analysis was retrospectively registered at September 9, 2020.
Development of new technology for coal gasification purification and research on the formation mechanism of pollutants
Authors: Zheng Shu , Shi Yixiang , Wang Zhiqi , Wang Pengjie , Liu Gang , Zhou Huaichun
Published: September 2020

Coal-fired power generation is the main source of CO 2 emission in China. To solve the problem of efficiency decline and cost increase caused by CO 2 capture of coal-fired power generation, Prof. Peng (Peng and Han 2009) proposed an integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) power generation technology. The interaction mechanism of coal gasification purification, fuel cell and other components need to be further study in the IGFC. To develop new technology for coal gasification and purification, we studied gasification reaction characteristics of ultrafine coal particles, ash melting characteristics and effects on coal gasification reaction, the formation mechanism of pollutants and developed an elevated temperature pressure swing adsorption rig for H 2 S and CO 2 simultaneous removal. The results show that the Miura-Maki model appropriate to perform gasification kinetics of Shenhua bituminous coal and the predicted DTG curves fit the experimental data well. The designed 8-6-1 cycle procedure can effectively remove CO 2 and H 2 S simultaneously, and the removal rate is over 99.9%. In addition, the transition metal oxides used as mercury removal adsorbents in coal gasification syngas has great potential. The technique presented in this paper can improve the gasification efficiency and reduce the formation of pollutants for IGFC.
Characterization of Circulating Mucosal Associated Invariant T cells in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Hassan Mohamed M Abu , Elsafi Salah , Omar Suliman Y Al , Halawaani Hafez , Mansour Lamjed , Woodman Alexander , Ahmed Huda A
Published: September 2020

Background: Although MAIT cells regulate the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, their roles in the development of colorectal cancer are still unclear. The objectives of this study is to investigate the level of circulating MAIT cells and the level of expression of the membranous KIRs receptors among CRC patients and control subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolate and of MAIT cells were phenotypically identified by flow cytometry using various monoclonal antibodies. The presence of HLA-C1 and HLA-C2 groups were typed by PCR. Results: The result showed that the percentage of MAIT cells was slightly higher in the control subjects than in in all stages of CRC patients. Stratification analysis of 46 CRC patients indicated that the percentages of circulating MAIT cells were lower in stage II and higher in stages III, and IV. A higher frequency of HLA - C2 among patients with CRC (87%) compared with control subjects (74.4%) was detected. The protein expression of MAIT cells associated phenotyping antigens and some KIR receptors such as CD45RA, CD45RO, CD62L, CD11a, CD158a, CD158b, CD158e and CD158f were reported. There was a reduction in CD45RO, CD158a, CD158e and CD158f expression in CRC patients. The frequencies of circulating MAIT cells had not been reduced in patients with colorectal cancer.Conclusions: The number and level of circulating MAIT cells were evaluated in peripheral blood of CRC patients and control subjects. We compared the frequency of CD158a+MAIT cells in all stages of CRC and control subjects in the presence of its ligand HLA-C2 and found a reduction in all stages of CRC. We stratified CRC patients and found that CD158b+ MAIT cells were decreased as the diseases progress to advancing cancer stages. When comparing the proportion of CD158a and b+ MAIT cells in all stages with control subjects, the results showed inverse correlation with cancer stages in CRC patients and the median gradually decrease in each stage.
High NEMO score values in nailfold videocapillaroscopy are associated with the subsequent development of ischemic digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Authors: Papa Nicoletta Del , Pignataro Francesca , Maglione Wanda , Minniti Antonina , Sambataro Domenico , Sambataro Gianluca , Valentini Gabriele , Caporali Roberto , Vitali Claudio
Published: September 2020

BackgroundNailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is a feasible method that allows the observation of the microvascular changes that mark the course of systemic sclerosis (SSc). In previous studies we demonstrated that the NEMO score, i.e., the cumulative number of microhaemorrhages and microthromboses, is a good indicator of the steady state level and overtime changes of disease activity (DA) in SSc.ObjectivesTo verify whether high NEMO scores, which mirror a very active microvascular derangement in the fingers, may be associated with the subsequent development of ischemic digital ulcers (IDUs).Methods The NEMO score was assessed at baseline (T0) in 98 patients with SSc, all classified according to the ACR-EULAR criteria. Of them, 90 were females, 48 had the limited and 50 the diffuse cutaneous variant of SSc. Afterwards, the patients were closely followed up for two years, and the appearance of new IDUs recorded at any time of the follow up.The T0-NEMO score values of patients who developed IDUs were compared to those of patients who did not. A receiver operating curve (ROC) was constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated by plotting the sensitivity and 1-specificity of the different NEMO score values in predicting the subsequent development of IDUs.Results During the follow-up 38 out of 98 patients developed one or more IDUs. The NEMO score at T0 was significantly higher in those who developed IDUs with respect to those who did not [median 14.5 (95%CI 11.0-21.5), and 4.5 (95%CI 4.0-6.0), respectively, p<.0001]. The ROC curve derived from different T0-NEMO score values had an AUC of 0.79 (95%CI 0.69-0.86, p<0.0001)]. A NEMO score of ≥12 had a sensitivity of 83.3% (95%CI 71.5-91.7), and a specificity of 63.2% (95%CI 46.0-78.2), with positive (P) and negative (N) predictive (PV) values of 58.9% (95%CI 44.7-72.2), and 85.6% (71.8-94.4), respectively. A NEMO score of ≥16 had a sensitivity of 95.0% (95%CI 86.1-99.0), and a NPV of 93.4% (77.5-99.2).ConclusionsBeing a valid tool to measure DA levels in SSc, the NEMO score also appears to be closely related to the subsequent development of IDUs in this disease.
Assessment of the susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to pyriproxyfen and malathion in a national wide monitoring of insecticide resistance in Brazil, 2017-2018.
Authors: Campos Kauara Brito , Martins Ademir Jesus , Rodovalho Cynara de Melo , Bellinato Diogo Fernandes , Dias Luciana dos Santos , Macoris Maria de Lourdes da Graça , Andrighetti Maria Teresa Macoris , Lima José Bento Pereira , Obara Marcos Takashi
Published: September 2020

Background: Chemical control using malathion has been applied in Brazil, since 1985. To obtain chemical control effectiveness, it is essential to monitor vector susceptibility to insecticides. This study aimed to describe bioassay standardizations and determine the susceptibility profile of Ae. aegypti populations to malathion and pyriproxyfen, used on a national scale in Brazil between 2017 and 2018, and discuss the observed result impacts in arbovirus control.Methods: The diagnostic-doses (DD) of pyriproxyfen and malathion were determined as the double of adult emergence inhibition (EI) and lethal doses for 99% of the Rockefeller reference strain, respectively. For the monitoring of natural populations, samplings were performed in 132 Brazilian cities through egg traps. Colonies were raised in the laboratory for one or two generations (F1 or F2) and submitted to susceptibility tests with larvae exposed to the pyriproxyfen DD (0.03 µg/L) and adults to the malathion DD obtained herein (20 µg), in addition to the indicated World Health Organization (WHO) DD (50 µg) in a bottle assay. Dose-response (DR) bioassays with pyriproxyfen were performed with populations which did not achieve 98% EI in the DD assays. Results: Alteration of susceptibility to pyriproxyfen was recorded in 6 (4.5%) Ae. aegypti populations located in the states of Bahia and Ceará, with Resistance Ratios (RR95) ranging from 1.51 to 3.58. For malathion, 73 (55.3%) populations distributed throughout the country were resistant when exposed to the local DD 20µg/bottle. On the other hand, no population was resistant, and only 10 (7.6%) populations from 8 states were considered as exhibiting decreased susceptibility (mortality ratios between 90 and 98%) when exposed to the WHO DD (50 µg/bottle). Conclusions: The feasibility of conducting an insecticide resistance monitoring action at a national wide scale was confirmed herein, employing standardized and strongly coordinated sampling methods and laboratory bioassays. Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations with decreased susceptibility to pyriproxyfen were identified. The local DD for malathion was more sensitive than the WHO DD for the early detection of decreased in susceptibility.
High Place Phenomenon: Prevalence and clinical correlates in two German samples
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Brailovskaia Julia , Schaumburg Svenja , Wannemüller André
Published: September 2020

Background: The high place phenomenon, that is, a sudden urge to jump when in a high place, is an experience known to many people, that has rarely been studied. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of the high place phenomenon in a non-clinical and a clinical German sample. Furthermore, clinical correlates of the experience were assessed. Methods: The study sample comprised 276 participants (67% female; Mage=32.08, SDage=10.73) who took part in an online assessment and 94 patients (73.4% female; Mage=49.26, SDage=13.32) suffering from clinically relevant fear of flying. Participants filled out questionnaires on experiences with the high place phenomenon, depression, anxiety, suicide ideation and anxiety sensitivity.Results: The high place phenomenon was known to nearly 60% of the online sample and to 45% of the patient sample. Suicide ideation as well as anxiety sensitivity were positively associated with experiences with the high place phenomenon in the online sample. Depression, anxiety and suicide ideation were unrelated to experiences with the phenomenon in the patient sample. Conclusion: The high place phenomenon is commonly reported by (lifetime/current) suicide ideators. However, it is also a common experience in individuals who have never suffered from suicide ideation. It is therefore cautioned not to interpret such experiences as an expression of a hidden death wish.
High order semi-implicit weighted compact nonlinear scheme for the all-Mach isentropic Euler system
Authors: Jiang Yanqun , Chen Xun , Zhang Xu , Xiong Tao , Zhou Shuguang
Published: September 2020

The computation of compressible flows at all Mach numbers is a very challenging problem. An efficient numerical method for solving this problem needs to have shock-capturing capability in the high Mach number regime, while it can deal with stiffness and accuracy in the low Mach number regime. This paper designs a high order semi-implicit weighted compact nonlinear scheme (WCNS) for the all-Mach isentropic Euler system of compressible gas dynamics. To avoid severe Courant-Friedrichs-Levy (CFL) restrictions for low Mach flows, the nonlinear fluxes in the Euler equations are split into stiff and non-stiff components. A third-order implicit-explicit (IMEX) method is used for the time discretization of the split components and a fifth-order WCNS is used for the spatial discretizationof flux derivatives. The high order IMEX method is asymptotic preserving and asymptotically accurate in the zero Mach number limit. One- and two-dimensional numerical examples in both compressible and incompressibleregimes are given to demonstrate the advantages of the designed IMEX WCNS.