bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrolysis of 2D Nanosheets Reverses Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Anti‐Inflammation and Osteogenesis
Authors: Ji Penghao , Qiu Shuwen , Huang Junchao , Wang Liping , Wang Yuemei , Wu Peng , Huo Minfeng , Shi Jianlin
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a kind of inflammation homeostasis disorder that dysfunctions the joints. Clinically, medications against RA focus simply on mitigating the focal inflammation, without considering pro‐osteogenesis re‐modeling of the bone microenvironment. In the present work, 2D layered calcium disilicide nanoparticles (CSNs) are fabricated by facile aqueous exfoliation. The hydrolysis of CSNs produces anti‐oxidative H2, alkaline Ca(OH)2, and silica. These moieties play significant roles in anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation, and pro‐osteogenesis resulting in considerably better RA therapeutic consequences than anti‐inflammation alone. Hydrogen gas is validated to eliminate excessive hydroxyl radicals and regulate macrophage re‐polarization; the generated Ca(OH)2 can neutralize the acidic microenvironment and inhibit the osteoclast activity; and, the dissolved Ca2+ can effectively complex with phosphates to mineralize Ca3(PO4)2, promoting the osteogenesis of the focal joint. The multifunctional performances of CSNs are further confirmed in arthritic mouse and rabbit models, providing an advanced and robust therapeutic strategy against RA with high biocompatibility and clinical transformable promises.
In Situ Modulated Nickel Single Atoms on Bicontinuous Porous Carbon Fibers and Sheets Networks for Acidic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Haoyang , Fang Lingzhe , Wang Ting , Bai Rui , Zhang Jian , Li Tao , Duan Zhiyao , Chen Kai‐Jie , Pan Fuping
Published: December 2024

Carbon‐supported single‐atom catalysts exhibit exceptional properties in acidic CO2 reduction. However, traditional carbon supports fall short in building high‐site‐utilization and CO2‐rich interfacial environments, and the structural evolution of single‐atom metals and catalytic mechanisms under realistic conditions remain ambiguous. Herein, an interconnected mesoporous carbon nanofiber and carbon nanosheet network (IPCF@CS) is reported, derived from microphase‐separated block copolymer, to improve catalytic efficiency of isolated Ni. In IPCF@CS nanostructure, highly mesoporous IPCF hinders stacking of CS that provides additional fully exposed sites and abundant bicontinuous mesochannels of IPCF facilitate smooth CO2 transport. Such unique features enable enhanced Ni utilization and local CO2 enrichment, which cannot be achieved over conventional pore‐deficient and discontinuous porous carbon fibers‐based supports. In situ X‐ray and Infrared spectroscopy coupling constant‐potential calculations reveal the dynamic distortion of the planar Ni−N4 to an out‐of‐plane configuration with expanded Ni−N bond during operating CO2 electroreduction. The potential‐driven low‐valance‐state Ni−N4 possesses enhanced intrinsic electrokinetics for CO2 activation and CO desorption yet inhibiting hydrogen evolution. The favorable electronic and interfacial reaction environments, resulted from the in situ tailored Ni site and IPCF@CS support, achieve an FE of near 100% at 540 mA cm−2, a TOF of 55.5 s−1, and a SPCE of 89.2% in acidic CO2‐to‐CO electrolysis.
Harnessing the Electronic Spin States of Single Atoms for Precise Electromagnetic Modulation
Authors: Zhou Lu , Hu Pengfei , Bai Ming , Leng Ning , Cai Bo , Peng Hua‐Long , Zhao Pei‐Yan , Guo Yongqiang , He Mukun , Wang Guang‐Sheng , Gu Junwei
Published: December 2024

By manipulating their asymmetric electronic spin states, the unique electronic structures and unsaturated coordination environments of single atoms can be effectively harnessed to control their magnetic properties. In this research, the first investigation is presented into the regulation of magnetic properties through the electronic spin states of single atoms. Magnetic single‐atom one‐dimensional materials, M‐N‐C/ZrO2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni), with varying electronic spin states, are design and synthesize based on the electronic orbital structure model. The SAs 3d electron spin structure of the composite M‐N‐C modulates the magneto physical properties and triggers a unique natural resonance loss, which achieves a controllable tuning of the effective absorption band under low‐frequency conditions. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of M‐N‐C can reach ‐69.71 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) ratio is as high as 91% (2–18 GHz). The current work provides a path toward achieving controllable modulation of low‐frequency electromagnetic wave bands by exploring the mechanism through which atomic and even electronic level interactions influence magnetic modulation.
Microstructure Embossing Patterning Using Resonated Droplets Dynamic Behavior Induced by Vertical Vibration
Authors: FENG Xiguang , Park Kyoung‐Su
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a novel, ecofriendly, and cost‐effective method to create deformation patterns on vertically vibrating thin film surfaces using resonant sessile droplets. The key findings emphasize the critical role of resonant frequency and vibration velocity in the formation of these deformations. Through theoretical and experimental investigations on aluminum thin film, it is validated that the deformations are influenced by the energy distribution within the resonant droplets. Specifically, higher‐order resonant frequencies produce a more concentrated energy distribution at the droplet's center due to internal top‐down flow behaviors, resulting in various deformation states. By observing regularities in deformation width patterns, the underlying phenomena are elucidated, and derive related empirical formulas. This method demonstrates significant potential for surface microstructure fabrication. The ability to control deformation shapes by adjusting vibration parameters is crucial for optimizing microfabrication processes.
Support‐Free, Connected Core–Shell Nanoparticle Catalysts Synthesized via a Low‐Temperature Process for Advanced Oxygen Reduction Performance
Authors: Sudheer Aparna Chitra , Anilkumar Gopinathan M. , Kuroki Hidenori , Yamaguchi Takeo
Published: December 2024

Nanostructured Pt‐based catalysts have attracted considerable attention for fuel‐cell applications. This study introduces a novel one‐pot and low‐temperature polyol approach for synthesizing support‐free, connected nanoparticles with non‐Pt metal cores and Pt shells. Unlike conventional heat treatment methods, the developed support‐free and Fe‐free connected Pdcore@Ptshell (Pd@Pt) nanoparticle catalyst possesses a stable nanonetwork structure with a high surface area. This approach can precisely control the atomic‐level structure of the Pt shell on the Pd core at a low deposition temperature. The optimized Pd@Pt catalyst with a Pt/Pd atomic ratio of 0.8 and a Pt shell thickness of 1.1 nm exhibits a threefold improvement in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mass activity compared to that of commercial carbon‐supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst (Pt/C). Durability evaluation demonstrated 100% retention of specific activity after 10,000 load cycles, owing to the stable nanonetwork and uniform coverage of the Pt shell. In addition, the support‐free, connected core–shell nanoparticle catalyst overcomes the carbon corrosion issues commonly associated with conventional carbon‐supported catalysts while simultaneously improving both ORR activity and load cycle durability. These findings highlight the potential of this innovative approach to develop support‐free catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and other energy devices.
V‐shaped pressure drop curve of microbubble swarm flow in a microchannel
Authors: Sheng Lin , Wang Junjie , Zheng Chenglin , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng
Published: December 2024

Precise prediction of the pressure drop in a gas–liquid microreactor is significant for reactor design; however, the understanding on the pressure drop in the microbubble swarm flow in microreactors is limited. Accordingly, this is the first study in which the rules for the pressure drop in the microbubble swarm flow over a wide range of void fractions are investigated. At a given gas flow rate, the pressure drop first decreases with the liquid flow rate and then gradually increases and almost occurs at a void fraction of 0.20; this is named as the V‐shaped pressure drop curve of microbubble swarm flow. In addition, the microbubble size, specific surface area, and void fraction are tested to reveal the mechanism underlying this new phenomenon. Finally, the two regions of separated and homogeneous flows are divided, and semi‐empirical prediction models are developed to quantify the pressure drop in the microbubble swarm flow.
Photo‐triggered modulation of cuprous active sites in metal–organic frameworks for manipulable carbon monoxide capture
Authors: Shi Shu , Xu Mu‐Yi , Qi Shi‐Chao , Tan Peng , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing
Published: December 2024

Photoresponsive adsorbents have garnered widespread interest on account of their customizable performance under light exposure. However, reported adsorbents of this kind are predominantly engineered to modulate weak interactions between adsorbates and adsorbents via steric hindrance or structural changes. The development of smart adsorbents possessing strong yet adjustable active sites for controllable gas capture presents a significant challenge. Here, we introduced strong active Cu+ sites into an azobenzene‐modified MOF‐808 metal–organic framework to create a smart π‐complexation adsorbent. The Cu+ sites can selectively interact with CO through π‐complexation. This design enables controlled CO capture through light‐regulated interactions between the active sites and the azobenzene groups, achieving up to a 31% variation in CO adsorption capacity. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the transformation of azobenzene from the trans to the cis configuration adjusts the surface electrostatic potential near CuCl, reducing Cu+ activity. This approach paves the way for target‐specific smart adsorption materials.
Generation of transgenic chicken through ovarian injection
Authors: Jiang Jinghua , Wang Caiying , Du Xuguang , Gao Fei , Wu Sen
Published: December 2024

Background

Traditional DNA microinjection methods used in mammals are difficult to apply to avian species due to their unique reproductive characteristics. Genetic manipulation in chickens, particularly involving immature follicles within living ovaries, has not been extensively explored. This study seeks to establish an efficient method for generating transgenic chickens through ovarian injection, potentially bypassing the challenges associated with primordial germ cell (PGC) manipulation and fertilized egg microinjection.

Methods

Hens were anesthetized and underwent a surgical procedure to access the ovary for DNA injection into immature follicles. The study used liposomes to deliver GFP‐expressing plasmids at various dosages. After injection, hens recovered, and their eggs were fertilized through artificial insemination.

Results

Transgenic chickens were successfully generated in one generation without needing G0 founders. The injection of 20 μg plasmid yielded the highest transgenic efficiency at 12.1%. GFP‐positive embryos were confirmed through microscopy, and successful transgene expression was validated at the tissue level using immunostaining. TERT and GFP elements introduced in the G1 generation resulted in 4.1% positive transgene rates, as confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting.

Conclusion

This ovarian injection method offers a promising alternative for avian genetic manipulation, bypassing complex PGC procedures and enabling direct generation of G1 transgenic chickens. This technique simplifies the transgenic process for chickens and has the potential to be adapted for other avian species, especially those without established PGCs culture systems.
Increasing the CO‐Release Photosensitivity of Mn(I) Carbonyl Complexes Towards Longer Wavelengths by Electronically Tuning Their Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Li Zhuoqin , Ma Minghui , Xiao Zhiyin , Jiang Xiujuan , Xu Xinlei , Wang Hailong , Ford Peter C. , Liu Xiaoming
Published: December 2024

Five novel manganese (I) tricarbonyl complexes were synthesized by the reaction of Mn (CO)5Br with quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde and different anilines. The IR, UV, and myoglobin results indicate that these complexes can be used as photoCORMs (photo photoinduced carbon monoxide releasing molecules) activated by red light. The visible range spectra display strong charge transfer (CT) bands, the maxima of which are sensitive to the ligand substituents. Density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) computations show that these CT transitions are admixtures of metal‐to‐ligand and aniline‐to‐quinoline charge transfers and that increasing the electron‐donating ability on the aniline functionality can lead to shifts in the absorption bands of the corresponding compounds to longer wavelengths and to enhanced band intensities, thus enhancing their photoactivity. Photolysis of these complexes in aerobic solution leads to CO photodissociation followed by oxidation of the Mn(I) center to Mn(II).
Clarifying Misconceptions About Iodine “Allergies” for Perioperative Patient Care
Authors: Bailey Laila S.
Published: December 2024

Iodine is a trace element that is required to produce thyroid hormone. Some preoperative skin antiseptics and contrast media that are used in a variety of specialties (eg, cardiovascular, urology) contain iodine. Clinicians and patients may believe that a history of a reaction to shellfish, povidone‐iodine, or radiopaque contrast media is an allergy requiring avoidance of all three substances. Because iodine is required for life and does not stimulate an immune response, there is no relationship between iodine and adverse reactions to iodine‐containing products. Perioperative nurses should have knowledge of allergies associated with iodine‐containing substances and should assess patients for allergies. During the assessment process, they can seek input on the cause of any previous reactions and share information on allergies with the patient. They also can collaborate with leaders and information technology personnel to update the electronic health record to avoid documentation of iodine as an allergen.
Synthesis and Selective Adsorption Performance of Cu(II) Imprinted SA/CMC/AM Microspheres in Multi‐Ion Coexistence Environments
Authors: Peng Yu , Ren Dajun , Zhang Xiaoqing , Zhang Shuqin , Gong Xiangyi , Chen Yongliang , Zhang Lei , Liu Pu
Published: December 2024

To achieve efficient and selective removal of Cu2+ from a multi‐ion coexistence environment, Cu2+‐imprinted SA/CMC/AM microspheres (IMSCA) were synthesized. The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the material under different preparation and adsorption conditions were investigated. The surface morphology and functional groups of IMSCA were characterized and analyzed using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. SEM images revealed a relatively smooth surface of IMSCA with specific pores and a relatively uniform structure. Special peaks appeared in FTIR spectrum of IMSCA, indicating the possibility of the imprinting process and the presence of imprinting sites. The semicrystalline structure exhibited by the imprinted microspheres in XRD characterization further reinforces the likelihood of imprinting sites. In terms of adsorption kinetics, the adsorption process followed a pseudo–second‐order kinetic model, suggesting that chemical adsorption was dominant during the IMSCA adsorption process. In terms of adsorption isotherms, the Langmuir model better fitted the experimental data, suggesting that the adsorption process was monolayer adsorption. The imprinted microspheres exhibited better selective adsorption in mixed solutions of multiple metal ions. After 10 adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of IMSCA remained at approximately 90%. Compared with other imprinted materials, IMSCA exhibits a higher adsorption capacity, a faster elution rate, and superior reusability.
Enhancement of Green Composite Performance Through the Synergistic Influence of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Nanoclay on Natural Fiber Reinforcement
Authors: Behera Ajaya K. , Pattnaik Shruti S. , Behera Diptiranjan , Behera Satyaranjan , Kumar Jagadish , Manna Suvendu , Das Nigamananda
Published: December 2024

Natural fiber‐reinforced biocomposites are emerging as viable alternatives to conventional thermoplastics; however, low mechanical and physical properties limit their broad applications. This study addresses these limitations by developing a nanoclay and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)‐modified novel soy resin‐based jute composites by enhancing mechanical and physical performance. CNSL, rich in phenolic compounds, chemically interacts with the soy matrix, improving interfacial bonding and imparting resistance to environmental degradation. Nanoclay dispersion within the matrix optimizes load transfer, as confirmed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations of interaction energies, resulting in a synergistic effect on composite strength. The optimized composite exhibited a remarkable storage modulus of 8697 MPa at 35°C and 1 Hz, a flexural modulus of 3288 MPa, tensile strength of 61.3 MPa, and flexural strength of 62.7 MPa. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed a well‐integrated nano‐biocomposite structure, confirming successful reinforcement dispersion. Thermal stability up to 290°C, a contact angle of 61.4°, and water absorption of 49.5% indicate its suitability for diverse conditions. Additionally, cytotoxicity tests demonstrated the material's biocompatibility, while soil burial tests showed a mass loss of 74.2% over 75 days, verifying its biodegradability. These biocomposites can replace nondegradable thermoplastics in various applications.
Blue Light‐Induced, Dosed Protein Expression of Active BDNF in Human Cells Using the Optogenetic CRY2/CIB System
Authors: Christoffers Sina , Wichert Nina , Wiebe Elena , Torres‐Mapa Maria Leilani , Goblet Madeleine , Harre Jennifer , Kaiser Odett , Wahalla Marc‐Nils , Blume Holger , Heisterkamp Alexander , Warnecke Athanasia , Blume Cornelia
Published: December 2024

The use of optogenetic tools offers an excellent method for spatially and temporally regulated gene and protein expression in cell therapeutic approaches. This could be useful as a concomitant therapeutic measure, especially in small body compartments such as the inner ear, for example, during cochlea implantation, to enhance neuronal cell survival and function. Here, we used the blue light activatable CRY2/CIB system to induce transcription of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in human cells. Transfection with three plasmids, encoding for the optogenetic system and the target, as well as illumination protocols were optimized with luciferase as a reporter to achieve the highest protein expression in human embryonic kidney cells 293. Illumination was performed either with a light‐emitting diode or with a scanning laser setup. The optimized protocols were applied for the production of BDNF. We could demonstrate a 64.7‐fold increase of BNDF expression upon light induction compared to the basal level. Light‐induced BDNF was biologically active and enhanced survival and neurite growth of spiral ganglion neurons. The optogenetic approach can be transferred to autologous cell systems, such as bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, and thus represents the first optogenetic neurotrophic therapy for the inner ear.
Multienzyme Cascade Synthesis of Rare Sugars From Glycerol in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Fei Kangqing , Shen Liqun , Gao Xiao‐Dong , Nakanishi Hideki , Li Zijie
Published: December 2024

Background

Rare sugars are valuable and unique monosaccharides extensively utilized in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Considering the high purification costs and the complex processes of enzymatic synthesis, whole‐cell conversion has emerged as a significantly important alternative. The Escherichia coli strain was initially used in whole‐cell synthesis of rare sugars. However, its pathogenic nature poses limitations to its widespread applications. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore biologically safe strains for the efficient production of rare sugars.

Results

In this study, the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) strain Bacillus subtilis was employed as the chassis cells to produce rare sugars via whole‐cell conversion. Three genes encoding alditol oxidase (AldO), L‐rhamnulose‐1‐phosphate aldolase (RhaD), and fructose‐1‐phosphatase (YqaB) involved in rare sugars biosynthesis were heterogeneously expressed in B. subtilis to convert the only substrate glycerol into rare sugars. To enhance the expression levels of the relevant enzymes in B. subtilis, different promoters for aldO, rhaD, and yqaB were investigated and optimized in this system. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the maximum total production titer was 16.96 g/L of D‐allulose and D‐sorbose with a conversion yield of 33.9% from glycerol. Furthermore, the engineered strain produced 26.68 g/L of D‐allulose and D‐sorbose through fed‐batch for the whole‐cell conversion, representing the highest titer from glycerol reported to date.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated an efficient and cost‐effective method for the synthesis of rare sugars, providing a food‐grade platform with the potential to meet the growing demand for rare sugars in industries.
Advancing Sustainable Development Through Environmental Performance Monitoring: The Organisational Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Ahmed Salik , Liscio Marco Ciro , Sospiro Paolo , Voukkali Irene , Zorpas Antonis A.
Published: December 2024

The growing importance of sustainability poses significant challenges to companies, particularly micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Product life cycle assessment focuses on individual products, often leaving MSMEs without a complete picture of their overall environmental impact, especially within complex and long value chains. Organisational Life Cycle Assessment (OLCA) appears to be a valid approach to address these challenges by assessing all activities within an organisation. OLCA offers a comprehensive view of an organisation’s sustainability performance, overcoming the challenges often faced by MSMEs, such as resource constraints and challenges within the value chain when adopting product LCA. By integrating OLCA with product LCA, companies can gain a more holistic understanding of their environmental impacts, improving both environmental assessments and ethical business conduct. The findings of this research assess OLCA’s presence in literature and industry, exploring its content and practical applications demonstrated through case studies. It emerges that the adoption and use of the methodology have great potential especially for small and medium enterprises, as they are often left outside the comprehensive view of the life cycle of a single product, making it difficult for these companies to approach environmental performance monitoring. Therefore, the OLCA could address this gap, becoming a reference approach for companies that need to disclose about environmental impact. Due to its relatively recent nature, companies still struggle with its adoption. Scientific research on this, therefore, becomes crucial in its spread and adoption, stressing the benefits and limitations, as well as providing evidence of case studies. This paper aims to address this gap and pone itself as a cornerstone for future researchers to pursue on this path and for companies to foster a broader, offering a dual perspective with product LCA.
Initial evaluation of an AI‐augmented progress monitoring and outcome assessment
Authors: Meier Scott T.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Most mental health providers have yet to adopt progress monitoring and outcome assessment (PMOA) measures. Although a variety of explanations have been proposed in the literature, a key reason is the burden of time and effort necessary for clients and clinicians to complete, interpret and apply the results of PMOA measures. This evaluation explores the feasibility and initial results of employing ChatGPT to analyse clinicians' unstructured session progress notes for PMOA.

Methods

Using a simulated patient with 17 trainee therapists, the study examined whether artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in generating thematic summaries relevant to clinical progress and outcomes. Therapists' session summaries were combined to evaluate the continuation of key clinical themes across four sessions for a simulated patient. Trainees also provided brief quantitative ratings per session about the patient's working alliance, negative affect (NA), avoidance of NA and levels of distress.

Results

AI‐generated results found a (a) persistent focus across sessions regarding the patient's relationship issues with an abusive caretaker, reluctance to disclose and avoidance of NA, and (b) substantial convergence between human‐generated and AI‐generated thematic summaries.

Discussion

Overall, the use of AI to analyse clinical progress notes appears feasible and psychometrically sound. By minimising resources needed by patients and clinicians to produce clinically relevant data, an AI‐augmented approach can reduce a major obstacle to clinicians' adoption of PMOA measures for feedback purposes.
Case conceptualisations used by psychodynamic psychotherapists seeking insurance reimbursement in Germany
Authors: Singer Susanne , Blanck Julian , Böhme Ramona , Dotzauer Lena
Published: December 2024

Aims

This study investigated which working models psychodynamic psychotherapists use to conceptualise their approach to working with individual patients.

Methods

We randomly selected 1000 samples from a larger pool of reimbursement applications clinicians submitted to health insurance providers. From these, we extracted whether one or more of the following theories were used: drive theory, object relations theory, Winnicott's, Bion's and attachment theory. We also tracked whether the concepts of the unconscious, the super‐ego and regression appeared.

Results

The most frequently used theory was object relations theory, followed by drive theory. The concepts developed by Bion and Winnicott were rarely used. The following concepts did not appear in any of the reports: reverie, alpha‐function, beta‐elements and pathological organisation. A fifth of the reports did not mention any of the concepts investigated. Therapists trained in psychoanalysis used drive theory, object relations theory, Bion's theory and regression more often than those trained in low‐frequency psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Conclusions

We conclude that case conceptualisations for psychodynamic therapies with adult patients nowadays most frequently cite the use of object relations theory and drive theory, whereas Bion's and Winnicott's concepts are rarely explicitly mentioned. On average, therapists trained in psychoanalysis use more theories than those with psychodynamic training.
“Let's Make the Difference!” Promoting Hate Counter‐Speech in Adolescence Through Empathy and Digital Intergroup Contact
Authors: Sportelli Carmela , Cicirelli Paolo Giovanni , Paciello Marinella , Corbelli Giuseppe , D'Errico Francesca
Published: December 2024

Intergroup contact interventions have been mostly used to foster empathy, promote positive relations, and reduce prejudice and discrimination. However, less is known about the potential of intergroup contact, especially digital, in interventions designed to hinder hate speech and promote counter‐speech. Counter‐speech can be defined as a direct response to hate speech, aimed at refuting or undermining it. This study argues that the quality of intergroup contact may foster counter‐speech responses through empathy for hate speech victims. For this purpose, an ad hoc conversational storytelling web‐app module, named “Let's Make the Difference!”, was developed and administered to a sample of 433 Italian adolescents (278 in the experimental group and 155 in the control group, Mage = 14.33). Through the web‐app, adolescents engaged in a chat with an outgroup avatar, inducing digital intergroup contact. Results show a significant increase in counter‐speech intentions between the pre‐test and post‐test in the experimental condition, unlike in the control group. Moreover, in line with our hypotheses, the quality of contact induced with the conversational agent increased empathy toward the victim, which in turn increased the intention to counter hate speech in the intervention group. In light of these results on digital contact, both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Coronary Plaque Characteristics Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography and Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Di Muro Francesca Maria , Crociani Maria Federica , Nardi Giulia , Ciardetti Niccolo' , Biagiotti Lucrezia , Bigi Elisa , Meucci Francesco , Stolcova Miroslava , Ristalli Francesca , Cecchi Emanuele , Muraca Iacopo , Valenti Renato , Di Mario Carlo , Mattesini Alessio
Published: December 2024

Background

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but its influence on plaque characteristics at optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation is not fully understood.

Aims

This study seeks to explore the impact of Lp(a) levels on plaque morphology as assessed by OCT in a very high‐risk subset of patients.

Methods

Consecutive patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and undergoing OCT‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a large tertiary care center between 2019 and 2022 were deemed eligible for the current analysis. The overall population was categorized into two subgroups according to baseline Lp(a) levels: (1) lower Lp(a) (Lp(a) ≤ 300 mg/L) and (2) elevated Lp(a) (Lp(a)  300 mg/L). Predictors of lipid‐rich plaques were identified using multivariable logistic regression with stepwise selection of candidate covariates.

Results

A total of 202 patients were included in this study. OCT findings revealed that patients with elevated Lp(a) had a higher prevalence of lipid‐rich plaques, a significantly greater mean lipid arc, along with increased macrophage infiltration and thin‐cap fibroatheroma (TCFA). In contrast, calcific plaque prevalence was higher in the lower Lp(a) group. Multivariable regression analysis identified low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 70 mg/dL, and elevated Lp(a) as strong predictors of lipid‐rich plaques at OCT.

Conclusion

In this observational study including ACS patients undergoing OCT‐guided PCI, those with elevated Lp(a) levels exhibited a higher prevalence of lipid‐rich plaques, increased macrophage infiltration, and TCFA, thereby indicating a more vulnerable plaque phenotype. Additionally, elevated Lp(a) levels and LDL‐C levels ≥ 70 mg/dL were each independently associated with lipid enrichment of coronary plaques. These findings suggest Lp(a), beyond other well‐known risk factors, as a key marker for risk stratification, potentially informing optimal medical management strategies.
Comparing Real‐World Outcomes of Catheter‐Directed Thrombolysis and Catheter‐Based Thrombectomy in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Post PEERLESS Analysis
Authors: Zhang Robert S. , Zhang Peter , Yuriditsky Eugene , Taslakian Bedros , Rhee Aaron J. , Greco Allison A. , Elbaum Lindsay , Mukherjee Vikramjit , Postelnicu Radu , Amoroso Nancy E. , Maldonado Thomas S. , Alviar Carlos L. , Horowitz James M. , Bangalore Sripal
Published: December 2024

Background

The recently published PEERLESS trial compared catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT) and catheter‐based thrombectomy (CBT) in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, it included a low proportion of patients with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy (4.4%), leaving uncertainty about how CDT would perform relative to CBT in a real‐world cohort with higher bleeding risk.

Aims

This study aims to address this gap by comparing real‐world outcomes of CDT and CBT in patients with acute PE.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent CDT and CBT at two tertiary care centers from January 2020 to January 2024. The primary outcome was a composite of 30‐day mortality, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or hemodynamic decompensation. Secondary outcomes included major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for baseline variables.

Results

A total of 162 (mean age 58 years, 45.7% women, 17.3% high‐risk, 28% contraindication to lytics, 28% CDT, 72% CBT) patients were included, with 12.4% patients experiencing the primary outcome. There was no difference in the rates of the primary outcome between CBT versus CDT (11.2% vs. 15.2%, IPTW HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.27–2.38, p = 0.69). CBT was associated with a lower risk of hemodynamic decompensation (5% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.036), major bleeding (7.8% vs. 17.4%, IPTW HR 0.26; 95% CI: 0.07–0.95, p = 0.042) and ICH (0 vs. 4.3%, p = 0.024) compared to CDT.

Conclusion

Among a real‐world cohort of patients with acute PE with higher bleeding risk than PEERLESS undergoing catheter‐based therapies, CBT was associated with a lower rate of hemodynamic deterioration, major bleeding, and ICH with similar rate of primary composite outcome when compared with CDT. Additional randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Methanol Production from Aqueous Paraformaldehyde and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Patra Soumyadip , Kharde Tushar A. , Kalita Khanindra , Singh Sanjay K.
Published: December 2024

A series of water‐soluble arene‐Ru(II) complexes, [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl(L)]+Cl‒ ([Ru]‐7 – [Ru]‐12) (L = substituted bis‐imidazole methane) exhibited efficient and selective methanol production from paraformaldehyde in water. The findings inferred a crucial role of the ligand in tuning the catalytic performance. A pH‐dependent behavior of this series of catalysts was observed, where the amount of base was influential in methanol production from paraformaldehyde. The catalyst [Ru]‐7 (L1 = 4,4′‐((2‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene)bis(2‐ethyl‐5‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole) was the most efficient among the explored catalysts giving a turnover number (TON) of 1200 at 90 °C. A mechanistic cycle has also been proposed for the catalytic reaction based on the mass and NMR investigations including those using deuterium‐labelled molecules.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity of LaMnO₃ Perovskite Toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction Using Oxygen‐Vacancy Engineering
Authors: Wan Ke , Li Zhi , Sun Yangfan , Zhang Xin , Fang Jiayi , Li Qingshan , Sun Yuanna , Miao He
Published: December 2024

Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) have garnered significant attention due to their high theoretical energy density, safety, and environmental sustainability. However, the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode remains a major challenge for improving ZAB performances. In this study, ABO3‐type perovskite transition metal oxides, particularly LaMnO3, are explored as potential nonprecious metal catalysts to address these limitations. In this work, the LaMnO3 catalyst was prepared using the sol‐gel method, and oxygen vacancies were introduced through a novel carbon reduction approach using conductive carbon black as the reducing agent. The catalyst was reduced at different temperatures to optimize its ORR activity. The 500 °C‐reduced sample (LMOC‐500) shows the superior catalytic performances, achieving an onset potential of 0.937 V versus RHE and a half‐wave potential of 0.824 V versus RHE. The optimized material also exhibited excellent stability in long‐term discharge tests in ZAB applications, demonstrating its potential application as the ORR catalyst for ZABs.
Recent Progress in Atomically Precise Cu−M Alloy Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Lai‐Ping , Fang Jun‐Jie , Liu Zheng , Xie Yun‐Peng , Lu Xing
Published: December 2024

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with dimensions of approximately 3 nm serve as a crucial link between metal‐organic complexes and metal nanoparticles, garnering significant interest due to their distinctive molecule‐like characteristics. These include well‐defined molecular structures, clear HOMO–LUMO transitions, quantized charge, and robust luminescence emission. Atomically precise alloy NCs, in contrast to homometallic NCs, exhibit a wealth of structures and intriguing properties, with their novel attributes often intricately tied to the positions of alloyed elements within the structure, facilitating the exploration of structure‐property relationships. A notable subgroup within this category comprises Cu−M (where M represents metals such as Au, Ag, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Zn, Al etc.) alloy NCs. In this review, we initially outline recent advancements in the development of efficient synthetic techniques for Cu−M alloy NCs, emphasizing the underlying physical and chemical properties that enable precise control over their sizes and surface characteristics. Subsequently, we delve into recent progress in structural elucidation techniques for Cu−M alloy NCs. This structural insight is instrumental in comprehensively understanding the structure‐property correlations at the molecular level. Finally, we showcase various examples of Cu−M alloy NCs to illustrate their photoluminescent and catalytic properties, shedding light on their diverse functionalities and potential applications.
Corporate governance and the early disclosure of systematic risk
Authors: Isiaka Abiodun S. , Mbagwu Chima
Published: December 2024

Motivated by the need to understand firm characteristics associated with the disclosure of unexpected and unusual systematic risks, caused by events over which managers have little control, we examine the association between corporate governance and the early disclosure of such risks. We use the case of the global pandemic, COVID‐19 as an example of such risk. The results suggest that firms with weaker corporate governance, are more likely to disclose coronavirus risk early after controlling for firm performance. These findings are robust to alternative measures for the disclosure of coronavirus risk and to alternative model specifications.
Review of Florian Bekkers' Paper “Is Transformative Dialog a Possible and Justifiable Intervention for Resolving Intractable Conflicts?”
Authors: Rothman Jay
Published: December 2024

This paper makes a significant contribution to conflict engagement theory by examining transformative dialog in addressing what is variously called “deeply rooted,” “identity‐based,” “intransigent” or “intractable” conflict. While the term “intractable” may unfortunately suggest that addressing such conflicts creatively is almost impossible, creative engagement remains essential even if complete resolution is not realistic, particularly in today's increasingly complex global landscape. The paper offers both theoretical depth and practical guidance for practitioners working in the challenging terrain of identity‐based conflicts, where traditional conflict resolution approaches often fail to achieve meaningful progress. Its examination of transformative dialog provides valuable insights for both scholars and practitioners in the field.
Transcoronary study of biomarkers in patients with heart failure: Insights into intracardiac production
Authors: Ren Jie , Zhao Junhan , Yang Shengwen , An Shuoyan , Cai Chi , Wang Jing , Gu Min , Niu Hongxia , Li Shurong , Hua Wei , Gao Beiyao
Published: December 2024

Aims

Biomarkers are pivotal in the management of heart failure (HF); however, their lack of cardiac specificity could limit clinical utility. This study aimed to investigate the transcoronary changes and intracardiac production of these biomarkers.

Methods

Transcoronary gradients for B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and five novel biomarkers—galectin‐3 (Gal‐3), soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 (sST2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP‐1), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)—were determined using femoral artery (FA) and coronary sinus (CS) samples from 30 HF patients and 10 non‐HF controls. Intracardiac biomarker production was assessed in an HF canine model using real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot (WB) analysis.

Results

Compared with the control group, levels of all detected biomarkers were significantly elevated in the HF group, while transcoronary gradients were only observed for BNP, Gal‐3 and TIMP‐1 levels in the HF group (BNP: FA: 841.5 ± 727.2 ng/mL vs. CS: 1132.0 ± 959.1 ng/mL, P = 0.005; Gal‐3: FA: 9.5 ± 3.0 ng/mL vs. CS: 19.7 ± 16.4 ng/mL, P = 0.002; and TIMP‐1: FA: 286.7 ± 68.9 ng/mL vs. CS: 377.3 ± 108.9 ng/mL, P = 0.001). Real‐time qPCR and WB analysis revealed significant elevation of BNP, Gal‐3 and TIMP‐1 in the cardiac tissues of the HF group relative to other groups.

Conclusions

This study provided evidence of transcoronary changes in BNP, Gal‐3 and TIMP‐1 levels in HF patients, offering insights into their intracardiac production. These findings enhance the understanding of the biology of these biomarkers and may inform their clinical application.
Seismic Drift Estimates of Corroded Piers: A Multihazard Approach Utilizing 3D‐IDA Analysis With Time Stamps Considering Climate Change Effects
Authors: Al Hawarneh Alaa , Alam M. Shahria , Pantazopoulou Stavroula J.
Published: December 2024

The compounding effect of seismicity, exposure to corrosion, and climate change in regions such as North America pose significant challenges for bridge design engineers, as the multihazards impact on the seismic performance of bridge structural systems remains underexplored. While drift ratio is the most widely used parameter in probabilistic seismic demand assessment, existing models predominantly concentrate on seismic intensity levels, overlooking the increase in demand and the reduced deformation capacity, both being affected by corrosion‐induced damage and climate change. Therefore, developing an evaluation framework for the multihazard seismic vulnerability of deficient bridges is an emerging priority in the field. To address this need, a methodology is proposed here that uses data collected from field inspections to quantify the accumulation of historic corrosion damage and forecast future corrosion propagation. Climate change scenarios derived from future climate forecast models are used to project the temperature and relative humidity changes up to the year 2100; the rate of reinforcement corrosion is quantified based on these scenarios. Utilizing incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) across a projected timeline, expressions are derived for the time evolution of drift demand in existing reinforced concrete circular piers over the lifetime of the bridge. By using these results, drift demand expressions are derived for different climate change scenarios. The influence of design parameters (e.g., concrete cover, chloride diffusion coefficient, and aging factor) on the drift demands is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed expressions serve as a benchmark for bridge engineers to study the seismic performance of bridge structures in multihazard environments.
Evolution of Multifunctional Cotton Fabric as the Flame Retardant/Crease Proof/Microbial Resistant Blended With Green Synthesised TiO2 Nanoparticles Coatings
Authors: Kapoor Karan , Godara Sachin Kumar , Singh Veer , Kaur Anupreet
Published: December 2024

In this work, green synthesised TiO2 nanoparticles' coating was used to improve the fire safety and antibacterial property of 100% cotton fabric. In the first stage, Aloe vera extract was prepared, and subsequently used in the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles. The average size of these as‐synthesised TiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed to be 16 nm using DLS (dynamic light scattering). Further, XRD (X‐ray diffraction) patterns confirmed the successful synthesis of nanoparticles. The vibrational photon of TiO2 was represented by peaks in the FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectrum between 450 and 800 cm−1. Subsequently, in an attempt to establish the flame retardant/crease proof/microbial resistant properties of the as‐synthesised TiO2 nanoparticles, the TiO2 NPs coated cotton fabric was used for the investigations. Based on the investigations, the bending length (measure of fabric stiffness) value of the coated fabric (%) increased from 2.4 cm (uncoated fabric) to 3.71 cm (at 20% TiO2 coating). Also, the crease recovery angle value increased from 71.8 (uncoated fabric) to 98.6 (20% TiO2 coating), respectively. A vertical flammability test revealed that the burning time decreased from 13.31 s (0%) to 10.84 s (20%), confirming a fire‐retardant trait of green synthesised TiO2 nanoparticle coated fabric. Additionally, the disc diffusion method confirmed that the treated coated fabrics exhibit antibacterial properties against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial cultures: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study provides an environmentally benign route for producing versatile cotton fabric blended with bioinspired TiO2 NPs possessing improved flame resistance as well as antibacterial attributes.
A Non‐Dissipative, Energy‐Conserving, Arbitrary High‐Order Numerical Method and Its Efficient Implementation for Incompressible Flow Simulation in Complex Geometries
Authors: Anantharamu Sreevatsa , Mahesh Krishnan
Published: December 2024

In the inviscid limit, the energy of a velocity field satisfying the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is conserved. Non‐dissipative numerical methods that discretely mimic this energy conservation feature have been demonstrated in the literature to be extremely valuable for robust and accurate large‐eddy simulations of high Reynolds number incompressible turbulent flows. For complex geometries, such numerical methods have been traditionally developed using the finite volume framework and they have been at best second‐order accurate. This paper proposes a non‐dissipative and energy‐conserving numerical method that is arbitrary high‐order accurate for triangle/tetrahedral meshes along with its efficient implementation. The proposed method is a Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method. The crucial ingredients of the numerical method that lead to the discretely non‐dissipative and energy‐conserving features are: (i) The tangential velocity on the interior faces, just for the convective term, is set using the non‐dissipative central scheme and the normal velocity is enforced to be continuous, that is, (div)‐conforming. (ii) An exactly (pointwise) divergence‐free basis is used in each element of the mesh for the stability of the convective discretization. (iii) The combination of velocity, pressure, and velocity gradient spaces is carefully chosen to avoid using stabilization which would introduce numerical dissipation. The implementation description details our choice of the orthonormal and degree‐ordered basis for each quantity and the efficient local and global problem solution using them. Numerical experiments demonstrating the various features of the proposed method are presented. The features of this HDG method make it ideal for high‐order LES of incompressible flows in complex geometries.