bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the Coding Region of Leptospira Sp. LigB C-terminus as a Marker for Diagnostics of Animal Leptospirosis
Authors: Saraullo Vanina , Loffler Sylvia Grune , Christensen Monica Florin , Watanabe Olivia , Hamer Micaela , Martinez Mara , Brihuega Bibiana
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe causal agent of leptospirosis, pathogenic strains of the genus Leptospira spp., has Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) on its surface which play a fundamental role in infection and pathogenesis. Studies on the genome showed that the LigB protein gene is conserved in different pathogenic species. MethodsThe aim of this work was to propose a new end point PCR based on the amplification of the LigB C-Terminal coding region (ligb-ct), never used before and conserved among pathogenic Leptospira spp. Eighteen reference pathogenic, 2 intermediate and 2 no-pathogenic strains of Leptospira spp. were used. DNA from 10 other microorganism species were included in this study to determine the analytical specificity. ResultsWe obtained 100% positivity for pathogenic Leptospira strains. We found no cross-reaction with intermediate and non-pathogenic strains or with other microorganisms, highlighting a high analytical specificity. Analytical sensitivity estimated on clinical samples was higher on serum than blood and urine (6-9 x 102 lept/ml and 6-9 x 105 and 6-9 x 106 leptospires/ml, respectively). Multiple sequence alignment of this region in positive Leptospira species confirmed a high degree of conservation, with only a few single nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, the LigB C-Terminal coding region has not been previously used for molecular diagnostic and could be used for early diagnosis of leptospirosis.
Findings and measures to eradicate methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 7 spa-type t091 in two Norwegian pig farms: a case report
Authors: Karlsen Odd Magne , Sandbu Kari , Grøntvedt Carl Andreas
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe Norwegian LA-MRSA surveillance and control strategy in pig farms has been largely successful in preventing the establishment of MRSA in the pig population by identifying MRSA positive pig herds and eradicating MRSA from these. It can, however, be challenging to determine whether a particular type of MRSA is livestock-associated, particularly in cases where there is little evidence available to aid in classification.Case presentationIn two Norwegian pig farms linked by trade of live pigs, MRSA CC7 t091 was found in samples from pigs and their environment. Longitudinal sampling, with a time interval of 25 days, in one farm demonstrated an increase in samples positive for MRSA CC7 t091, supporting a classification of the finding as livestock associated. Measures to eradicate MRSA from both farms were imposed by the National Food Safety Authority. Different measures of MRSA sanitation were applied in the two farms, and MRSA was successfully eradicated from both farms.ConclusionsA high-cost, labor intensive and a lower-cost, less labor intensive MRSA eradication protocol, both including total depopulation and repopulation were successful in eradicating MRSA CC7 t091 from two case farms.
Five Long Non-Coding RNAs Establish a Prognostic Nomogram and Construct a Competing Endogenous RNA Network in the Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ren Kaiming , Yu Yong
Published: December 2020

Background: Accumulating evidence has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But the relationship between lncRNAs and survival outcome of NSCLC remains to be explored. Therefore, we attempt to figure out their survival roles and molecular connection in NSCLC.Methods: By analyzing the transcriptome profiling of NSCLC from TCGA databases, we divided patients into three groups, and identified differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) of each group. Next, we explored the prognostic roles of common DELs by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, LASSON, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Additionally, we assessed and compared the prognostic accuracy of 5 lncRNAs through ROC curves and AUC values. Ultimately, we detected their potential function by enrichment analysis and molecular connection through establishing a ceRNA network.Results: 197 common DELs were spotted. And we successfully screened out 5 lncRNAs related to the patient's survival, including LINC01833, AC112206.2, FAM83A-AS1, BANCR, and HOTAIR. Combing with age and AJCC stage, we constructed a nomogram that prognostic prediction was superior to the traditional parameters. Furthermore, 275 qualified mRNAs related to 5 lncRNAs were spotted. Functional analysis indicates that these lncRNAs act key roles in the progression of NSCLC, such as P53 and cell cycle signaling pathway. And ceRNA network also suggests that these lncRNAs are tightly connected with tumor progression.Conclusions: A nomogram and ceRNA network based on 5 lncRNAs indicate that there can effectively predict the overall survival of NSCLC and potentially serve as a therapeutic guide for NSCLC.
DLK1-DIO3 Region as a Source of Candidate Tumor Suppressor miRNAs in Papil- Lary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Marson Leonardo Augusto , Alves Letícia Ferreira , Sielski Micheli Severo , Vicente Cristina Pontes , Kimura Edna Teruko , Geraldo Murilo Vieira
Published: December 2020

Background: DLK1-DIO3 genomic region comprises one of the largest microRNA (miRNAs) clusters in human genome. In previous studies we showed the downregulation of several miRNAs from the genomic region in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Due to the large number of miRNAs within this region the individual contribution of these molecules to PTC development and progression remains unclear. Methods: We used different computational resources to clarify the contribution of DLK1-DIO3-derived miRNAs to PTC. Results: Our analysis suggests that 12 miRNAs from this region cooperate to modulate distinct cancer-relevant biological processes, potentially responding for most of the impact of DLK1-DIO3-derived miRNAs to PTC development and progression. The overexpression of miR-485-5p in two PTC cell lines decreased proliferation and migration, confirming the biological relevance of in silico data. Conclusion: Our results shed light on the role of DLK1-DIO3 region, harboring several tumor suppressor miRNAs in thyroid cancer and open perspectives for the functional exploration of these miRNAs as therapeutic targets for PTC.
A Corpus-based Analysis of Phrasal Complexity across Different Sections of Research Articles in two Academic Disciplines
Authors: Esfandiari Rajab , Ahmadi Mohammad
Published: December 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Calcium- and iron-chelating activity and functional properties of salmon by-product proteolysate
Authors: Vo Tam Dinh Le , Vo Bao Chi , Tran Linh Thi Thuy , Nguyen Linh Vy Truc , Nguyen Phuong Thanh , Le Duy Thanh , Tran Minh Cao , Bui Phong Thanh
Published: December 2020

In this study, calcium- and iron-binding proteolysate were generated using salmon by-product. It was shown by the result that under the hydrolysis condition including Neutrase, 45 oC, pH 7, E:S proportion of 70 U/g protein and 8 h of hydrolysis, the proteolysate reached the peaks of CaBC and IBC of 220.8 ± 3.1 mgCa2+/g protein and 232.3 ± 4.7 µgFe2+/g protein, respectively. In pH from 3–8, after heating at 63 °C for 30 min or 93 °C for 30 s (i) its solubility was over 85% and remained over 65%; (ii) FCs and FSs were 1.4–4.7 and 1.8–12.8 times lower than those of albumin; (iii) EAIs and ESIs were 1.1–2.7 and 4.1–11.1 folds less than those of sodium caseinate, respectively; (iv) WHC and OHC reached 2.00 ± 0.09 mL water/g proteolysate powder and 6.47 ± 0.25 mL oil/g proteolysate powder, respectively. Moreover, the < 1 kDa fraction displayed the highest CaBC and IBC. In conclusion, the proteolysate/peptides could be utilized in either easing micronutrient deficiency or preparation of functional peptides.
LIPUS Setting and Combined Effect With Therapeutic Exercise for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kitano Masashi , Okawa Yuse , Kawahata Hirohisa , Kudo Shintarou
Published: December 2020

[PURPOSE] Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive disorder characterized by pain and decreased joint function. In the conservative treatment for the knee OA, the physiotherapy is known to be a common intervention. Recently, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy (LIPUS) which has an effect on knee pain of knee OA has been used with therapeutic exercise. However, the combined effect of LIPUS with therapeutic exercise did not have enough evidence.This study was conducted to assess both setting off the LIPUS and combined effect of the therapeutic exercise in the Knee OA.[METHODS] PubMed, PEDro, CENTRAL were searched for RCTs on published before September 2019. The irradiation intensity, irradiation site, and treatment period of LIPUS were examined. Meta-analysis was performed to analyze the short and long term combined effect which was LIPUS with therapeutic exercise on the VAS score. Statistical calculations of both LIPUS with therapeutic exercise group and only therapeutic exercise group were compared from detailed data of the all eligible studies [RESULTS] Seven RCTs were eligible. Both irradiation intensity and site were varied. Three RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, involving a total of 210 knees. There was no significant improvement in pain in the LIPUS with therapeutic exercise (LIPUS) group compared with the therapeutic exercise group in short-term (MD; -6.86, 95% CI; -18.70 to 4.99 , I2 = 74%, heterogeneity: P = 0.02) and long-term (MD; -16.01 95% CI; -32.03 to 0.01, I2 = 82%, heterogeneity: P = 0.004) effects.[CONCLUSIONS]We did not find consistent evidence of the effects of combined to LIPUS and therapeutic exercise for Knee OA. Because, selected trials were varied in intensity and irradiation site and treatment durations, which might contribute to the existence of heterogeneity. Furthermore, there were few RCTs that resulted in knee joint function.The LIPUS combined therapeutic exercise found no significant decrease the knee pain than therapeutic exercise. Therefore, RCTs were recommended by well-designed intensity and irradiation site.
Protocol for a Meta-narrative Review on Research Paradigms Addressing the Urban Built Environment and Human Health
Authors: Kim Jinhee , Harris-Roxas Ben , de Leeuw Evelyne , Lilley David , Crimeen Alana , Sainsbury Peter
Published: December 2020

BackgroundUrban health is a field of research and practice that has attracted the interest of various disciplines. While it is encouraged for diverse disciplines to contribute to a multidisciplinary field of study such as urban health, this often results in tensions, conflicts or competition between the different traditions that stem from different epistemological backgrounds.This meta-narrative review aims to identify and describe the multiple paradigms and articulate the underlying epistemological, ontological, methodological and aetiological differences in their approaches. Articulating the paradigms not only contributes to the advancement of research, but also provides a framework for understanding the different policy beliefs and ideas policy actors hold and apply in the policy process.MethodsWe apply the meta-narrative method to systematic literature review which includes the following six iterative phases. The planning phase includes the finalisation of the review protocol and assembly of review team. The search phase includes a comprehensive literature search in key databases and a double-sided systematic snowballing method. Bibliometric analyses of this literature will be used to triangulate the mapping of the paradigms. The mapping phase includes identifying the dominant paradigms and landmark publications through agreement with the review team. In the appraisal phase, the literature will be assessed by their respective quality standards, followed by data extraction to identify the individual narratives in the conceptual, theoretical, methodological and instrumental dimensions of each paradigm. The synthesis phase will review the data to compare and contrast and identify the overarching meta-narratives. The recommendation phase will include dissemination of the findings from the review. DiscussionThe meta-narrative review will reveal the how the different paradigms conceptualise, frame and prioritise urban health issues, their preferred methodologies to study the phenomenon, and the nature of the solutions to improve human health. This review will assist researchers and practitioners in understanding and interpreting evidence produced by other traditions that study urban health. Through this, urban health researchers and practitioners will be able to seek coherence in understanding, explaining and exploring the urban health phenomenon.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020192992
Comparison of Microbiota in the Upper Versus Lower Respiratory Tract in Children During Health and Respiratory Disease: a Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Rao Richa , Mathew Joseph L.
Published: December 2020

Background: Several species of organisms reside in the upper airways of healthy infants and children. In most cases they do no harm to the host despite being potentially pathogenic. In contrast, the lung in healthy people was considered to be a sterile environment, but sophisticated techniques have recently demonstrated colonization by a complex population of microorganisms in healthy adults. It is unclear if a similar situation happens in healthy children. In children with respiratory disease, several micro-organisms can be recovered from the upper as well as lower respiratory tracts. However, the correlation between organisms recovered from the two sites is unclear. This systematic review is designed to explore the microbial composition of the respiratory system in apparently healthy asymptomatic children, comparing the organisms identified in the upper airways versus the lungs. We also intend to compare the site-specific prevalence and pattern of organisms in healthy children versus those with various respiratory diseases. We will also compare the organism identified in the upper airway versus the lungs in children with respiratory disease.Methods: We will search the following electronic databases: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Reference list of relevant studies will be examined for links to potential related articles. Two reviewers will independently determine study eligibility. The methodological quality of the observational included studies will be scored using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale tool for assessing risk of bias. We will extract data from included studies and perform meta-analysis where feasible.Results: The search strategy will be refined and the literature search will take place independently by two authors. Final stage will include analyses and writing.Discussion: Through the publication of this protocol, readers will be able to assess the research question and methods presented in this protocol. Upon publication of the review, readers will be able to assess whether the review was conducted according to pre-defined plan. Researchers will be aware that the review is underway, thereby avoid duplication, and be able to use it as a basis for planning similar reviews.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020202115
Antegrade or Retrograde Approach for the Management of Tandem Occlusions in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Bai Xuesong , Wang Xue , Yang Wuyang , Wang Jie , Wang Tao , Xu Ran , Qian Xia , Wang Yan , Yang Kun , Feng Yao , Ma Yan , Chen Yanfei , Jiao Liqun
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an effective treatment for AIS. AIS caused by tandem intracranial and extracranial occlusions are not rare. Evidence for optimal MT strategy regarding order of treatment, including antegrade (extracranial first) or retrograde (intracranial first) approach is lacking. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis is necessary to compare the two approaches for optimal management of tandem lesions in AIS.MethodsThis study will be performed with accordance to the PRISMA statement. Major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library will be used for literature search. Randomized controlled trials and high-quality observational studies will be included. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria or Newcastle–Ottawa Scale according to type of study. Two reviewers will independently screen for eligible studies and perform data extraction. The primary outcomes are successful recanalization at post-intervention, and favorable outcome at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include duration of onset to arrival, onset to puncture, onset to recanalization, intracerebral hemorrhage, procedure and device related complications and mortality at 3-month follow-up. We will assess heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Specific results will be described in narrative form when insufficient suitable studies are available for meta-analysis.DiscussionThis study will provide a reliable evidence base for antegrade or retrograde approach for the management of tandem lesions in AIS by synthesizing evidence from current pieces of literature comparing the two approaches, and also will provide updated clinical evidence of strategy selection and decision-making for this special group of patients. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020199093
Uev1A Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Migration and EMT by Up-Regulating CT45A Expression via the AKT Pathway
Authors: Niu Tong , Wu Zhaojia , Xiao Wei
Published: December 2020

IntroductionUEV1A encodes a ubiquitin-E2 variant closely associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis, but its underlying mechanism in promoting tumorigenesis remain to be investigated. MethodsIn this study, we experimentally manipulated UEV1A and CT45A gene expression and monitored their effects on cancer-related gene expression, cell migration and the signal transduction cascade.ResultsIt was found that UEV1A overexpression induces CT45A family gene expression in breast cancer cells. Indeed, ectopic expression of UEV1A is sufficient to induce CT45A and its downstream genes involved in tumorigenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and metastasis, and promote cell migration and EMT. Consistently, depletion of CT45A abolishes the above effects, indicating that CT45A is a critical downstream effector of Uev1A. The Uev1A-induced cell migration and EMT is dependent on AKT signaling but independent of NF-κB signaling, indicating that CT45A acts downstream of the AKT pathway. ConclusionsBased on previous reports and observations in this study, we propose that the Ubc13-Uev1A complex activates AKT through K63-linked polyubiquitination, which leads to enhanced CT45A expression, stimulated cell migration and EMT. Since similar effects were also observed in a colorectal cancer cell line, we propose that the Ubc13/Uev1A-AKT-CT45A axis promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in a broad range of tissues.
Fabrication of Ordered Micro/Nanostructures Using Probe-Based Force-Controlled Micromachining System
Authors: Geng Yanquan , Wang Yuzhang , Cai Jianxiong , Zhang Jingran , Yan Yongda
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a probe-based force-controlled nanoindentation method to fabricate ordered micro/nanostructures. Both the experimental and finite element simulation approaches are employed to investigate the influence of the interval between the adjacent indentations and the rotation angle of the probe on the formed micro/nanostructures. The non-contacting part between indenter and the sample material and the height of the material pile-up are two competing factors to determine the depth relationship between the adjacent indentations. For the one array indentations, nanostructures with good depth consistency and periodicity can be formed after the depth of the indentation becoming stable, and the variation of the rotation angle results in the large difference between the morphology of the formed nanostructures at the bottom of the one array indentation. In addition, for the indentation arrays, the nanostructures with good consistency and periodicity of the shape and depth can be generated with the spacing greater than 1 μm. Finally, Raman tests are also carried out based on the obtained ordered micro/nanostructures with Rhodamine probe molecule. The indentations arrays with a smaller spacing lead to better the enhancement effect of the substrate, which has the potential applications in the fields of biological or chemical molecular detection.
Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies Specific Modules and Hub Genes Related to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yang Kang , Deng Bin , Xie Liju , Bo Dandan , Mao Jingsong , Song Yabin
Published: December 2020

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. We used Weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) to construct a gene co-expression network to analyze AD-related genes and find biomarkers of AD. An AD RNA chip expression data was downloaded from NCBI's GEO database. The construction of the gene co-expression network was completed by the WGCNA package of R software. Functional annotation of genes was performed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia Gene and Genomic pathway analysis.Results: We used WGCNA to construct a co-expression network of 2713 differential expression genes in 56 AD patients and 44 healthy controls, and finally identified 7 gene modules, ranging in size from 32 to 1619. Correlation analysis of gene modules and disease showed that the turquoise module and the brown module were significantly associated with age. The turquoise module has obvious biological significance. The hub gene in this module is ATL1, which is involved in synaptic signaling and MAPK signaling pathways. The hub gene in the Brown module is CIRBP, which may be related to the regeneration of synapses.Conclusions: This study used WGCNA, an efficient system biology algorithm, to analyze the hub genes related to AD for the first time and provide a new direction for the future research of AD.
A One Health Approach to Studying the Differences in the Evolutionary Dynamics of MERS and SARS Coronaviruses
Authors: Zhang Xu , Sabir Jamal S. M. , Shen Xuejuan , Pu Zhiqing , Hajrah Nahid H. , Ahmed Mohamed M. M. , Luo Tingting , Sabir Meshaal J. , Al-Zogabi Onaizan Godian , Pan Junbin , Irwin David M. , Shen Yongyi
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are two coronaviruses that received great attention due to their high pathogenicity and mortality rates in human populations. While SARS was controlled, MERS continues to be a global public health concern. To examine differences in the epidemic patterns of these two viruses, we collected all available sequences to compare the different evolutionary characteristics of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Notably, almost all of the human infection cases occurred in the Middle East, and cases that occurred outside of the Middle East involved travelers from this region, while African infections have so far not been reported. It is not clear that genetic differences between Africans and Arabs lead to differences in susceptibility.ResultsIn this study, we compared their evolutionary dynamics to provide a One Health perspective of their different results of disease control. The phylogenetic network of SARS-CoVs showed that human isolates gathered into a “super-spreader” cluster, and were distinct from civet isolates. In contrast, dromedary camel- and human-isolated MERS-CoVs were clustered together. Thus, most clades of MERS-CoV can infect humans, and MERS-CoVs seem easier to spill over from animal-to-human interface. Although MERS-CoVs are endemic to dromedary camels in both the Middle East and Africa, all human infections are linked to the Middle East. The nucleotide sequences of the MERS-CoV receptor gene--dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) from 30 Egyptians, 36 Sudanese, and 34 Saudi Arabians showed little difference.ConclusionsOur study reveals the reason why MERS-CoV is not easily controlled. Analysis of genetic differences between Africans and Arabs suggest that human population differences in DPP4 might not be the reason for their different MERS prevalence, raising the possibility that other reasons, such as poorer disease surveillance in Africa, might explain these observations.
Prevalence of Asthma in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Honghao , Li Da , Jiao Jiao , Liu Qing , Bian Jiansu , Wang Xiuxia
Published: December 2020

Background: A few publications have reported the prevalence of asthma in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. But it remains debatable whether PCOS is an independent risk factor of asthma. Thus we carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between PCOS and asthma.Methods：PubMed, Embase, web of science, Scopus, Cochrane trial register, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Databases were searched for studies published from inception to October 2020. We extracted the data and performed the meta-analysis under the guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We used a random-effects model and calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results：A total of 6 articles concerning 26876 PCOS women and 156143 healthy controls were included. According to the result of the study, PCOS patients have increased risk of asthma (OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.40–2.19, I2=91.2%, P=0.000, random-effects model). When stratified by region, diagnostic cirteria for asthma and study design, the results did not show significant difference.Conclusions： PCOS leads to higher asthma risk, and this association is independent to region, diagnostic cirteria for asthma and study design.
Digital Cell Atlas of Mouse Uterus: From Regenerative Phase to Maturational Phase
Authors: Zhang Leyi , Wu Bingbing
Published: December 2020

Background: Endometria undergo repeated repair and regeneration during the menstrual cycle. Using gene expression to define the menstrual cycle has been seen in a couple of researches, which shares little consistency. The possible reason lies in the fact that the composition of each specimen is different. The objective of this study was to reconstruct an integrated cell atlas of mouse uterus from the regenerative to maturational endometrium at the single-cell level.Methods: We used published single-cell RNA sequencing data of mice uteri to build an integrated cell atlas, including epithelial cells, stromal cells, and immune cells. Principal components analysis, hierarchical clustering, and other data mining procedures were performed with R software. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify the potential biological roles of molecular changes in different mice estrus states.Results: Based on the expression level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and gene ontology terms, we reconstructed the cell atlas and delineated in detail the transitions that happened during the estrus cycle. We also depicted the transition and transcription factors that shaped the differentiation of ESCs and the mononuclear phagocyte system. Besides, the amounts and functions of immune cells varied sharply in two periods. We also found clues about uterus tissue-resident macrophages and Pdgfrb+ Aldh1a2+ Cd34+ endometrial mesenchymal stem cells in vivo.Conclusions: The cell atlas of mouse uterus presented here would improve our understanding of the functional changes that occurred in the endometrium and helped us identify abnormalities that have not been apparent histologically.
Spontaneous Pregnancy with Severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Undergoing IVF-ET Cycle: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Peng Chaonan , Wang Zhixiao
Published: December 2020

It is relatively rare that a natural spontaneous with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurs undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).Pregnancy can cause OHSS to be delayed, and even lead to pregnancy loss in severe cases.In this case, we introduced the case of a 32-year-old female infertile patient with PCOS who underwent IVF-ET cycle and developed severe OHSS before embryo transfer. After volume expansion, symptomatic and supportive treatment and four times of abdominal puncture to extract ascites, the patient's condition is still protracted.However, interestingly, two weeks after giving up treatment, the patient found a spontaneous pregnancy and ended up with biochemical pregnancy. Severe OHSS was also gradually self-healing after biochemical pregnancy.This case emphasizes that pregnancy is one of the high-risk factors of OHSS, which can lead to the delay of the patient's condition with OHSS. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of spontaneous pregnancy when they take luteal phase ovulation induction treatment undergoing IVF-ET cycle.
Oil Price and Covid-19: Pandemic Vs Epidemic
Authors: TAN YAN-LING , hee yiew thian , HABIBULLAH MUZAFAR SHAH
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study is to contribute to the existing studies on the effects of COVID-19 on oil prices from the period spanning December 31, 2019 to June 29, 2020 by using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test. The sample period is divided into the epidemic period (December 31, 2019 -March 10, 2020) and the pandemic period (March 11, 2020 to June 29, 2020). The results confirm there exist a cointegrating relation between oil price and COVID-19 for the entire period spanning December 2019 to June 2020. The COVID-19 has a negative impact on crude oil prices in the long-run irrespective of the indicator of the COVID-19 used in the study. Moreover, the estimates using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Canonical Cointgerating Regression (CCR) are similar to the ARDL framework. Overall, the presence of cointegrating relation can only be noticed over the entire period, but not when considering for the epidemic and pandemic periods
Cognitively Normal APOE ε4 Carriers Have Specific Elevation of CSF SNAP-25
Authors: Butt Omar Hameed , Long Justin M , Henson Rachel L. , Herries Elizabeth , Sutphen Courtney L. , Fagan Anne M. , Cruchaga Carlos , Ladenson Jack H. , Holtzman David M. , Morris John C. , Ances Beau. M. , Schindler Suzanne Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and neurogranin are recently described biomarkers for synaptic integrity that are known to be elevated in the CSF of symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD). Their relationship with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status, the major genetic risk factor for AD, remains unclear.Methods: In this study, CSF SNAP-25 and neurogranin were compared in cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers (n=274, mean age 65.0 ± 9.0 years, 39% APOE ε4 carriers, 58% female) enrolled at the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, and in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.Results: SNAP-25, a biomarker of pre-synaptic integrity, was specifically elevated in APOE ε4 carriers versus non-carriers (5.95 ± 1.72 pg/ml, 4.44 ± 1.40 pg/ml, p <0.0001), even after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, and amyloid status (p <0.0001). In contrast, CSF neurogranin, a biomarker of post-synaptic integrity, did not vary by APOE ε4 status. Further, CSF total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated-tau-181 (ptau181), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) also did not vary by APOE ε4 status. Similar results were observed in the ADNI cohort. Conclusion: Our findings suggest APOE ε4 carriers have both amyloid-related and amyloid-independent presynaptic disruption as reflected by elevated CSF SNAP-25 levels. In contrast, post-synaptic disruption as reflected by elevations in CSF neurogranin is related to amyloid status.
­­­­­­­­­Surgical Resection Compared to Medical Management in localized Mycobacteria Avium Complex­­­ Pulmonary Infection­­­­s-A Case Control Study
Authors: Fregoso Gabriel , Dhiman Rakesh , Lanuti Michael , Wain John , Hurtado Rocio , Richards Christopher J , O'Donnell Walter , Farhat Maha
Published: December 2020

Background

Pulmonary infections associated with Mycobacterium avium complex can be challenging to treat medically and the role of surgical lung resection is not well established. We aim to assess safety and microbiologic response in patient with localized Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary infections managed with surgical lung resection compared to medical management alone.
Methods

We present a multi-institutional case series of 16 patients with localized Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary infections managed with surgical lung resection. We highlight the case of a 30 to 40-year-old patient with localized pulmonary disease amenable to surgical resection for illustrative purposes and report on outcomes compared with medically treated patients at the same institution in case-control design.
Results

Of 745 patients meeting microbiologic diagnostic criteria for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary infections, 98 had localized pulmonary disease and of these 16 underwent surgical resection. Univariate and multivariate analysis results indicated no difference in surgical resection group compared with medical treatment: microbiologic response rate (odds ratio 0.49, 0.1–2.41), 2-year all-cause mortality (odds ratio 0.87, 0.18–4.32), and composite outcome of 2-year mortality and lack of microbiological response (multivariate logistic regression OR = 0.45, 0.09–1.57).
Conclusions

This case series describes patients with localized pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex for whom surgical resection was pursued and shows examples of patients that may benefit from surgery. Though surgery for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease is rarely performed, it appears as safe and at least as effective as medical-therapy alone.
Enteral Lactoferrin Administration Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in an Isolated Rat Heart Model
Authors: Omiya Keisuke , Nakadate Yosuke , Oguchi Takeshi , Sato Tamaki , Matsuoka Toru , Abe Masako , Kawakami Akiko , Matsukawa Takashi , Sato Hiroaki
Published: December 2020

Background

While lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, has protective effects on intestinal and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries, its cardioprotective effects against stunned myocardium are unknown. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that lactoferrin has cardioprotective effects against stunned myocardium.
Methods

Rat hearts were perfused using the Langendorff system, and two experiments were performed. In experiment 1, the hearts were divided into the enteral lactoferrin (E-LF) 7.5 m, 15 m, 30 m, and 60 m groups, where lactoferrin (1000 mg/kg) was administered enterally for 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 min, respectively, before perfusion; and a control group, where saline was administered 30 min before perfusion. In experiment 2, hearts were allocated to the perfusate lactoferrin (P-LF) 15 and 100 groups, where 15 mg/L and 100 mg/L lactoferrin were respectively added to the perfusate, and a control group. Each group was perfused for 20 min prior to 15 min of no-flow ischemia with pacing, followed by 20 min of reperfusion. The primary outcome was the maximum left ventricular derivative of pressure development (LV dP/dt max) 15 min after reperfusion. Myocardial phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt) was assayed by western blotting.
Results

LV dP/dt max in the E-LF 15 m and 30 m groups was significantly higher than in the control group. In the second experiment, there were no significant differences in LV dP/dt max. Myocardial p-Akt was not significantly activated in any lactoferrin group.
Conclusion

Cardio-protection was observed with enteral but not parenteral lactoferrin administration, and myocardial p-Akt was not involved in this effect.
Serum Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, and Prealbumin in Acne Patients
Authors: Jiang Hao , Li Changyi , wei bin , Wang Qiang , Wang Qinggao , Ye Xingjiang , Zhou Lu , Lu Bin , Lin Hongsheng , Shao Yang , Lin Yinghui , Wu Zhihong , Zhong Jiang , Lu Jianqi
Published: December 2020

Background/Objectives: This study was designed to investigate serum protein levels in acne patients.Method: Acne patients (n=362) and healthy volunteers (n=272) were matched in terms of both age and sex. Serum levels were measured.Results: Among the 362 acne patients and 272 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, serum albumin levels in female acne patients were lower than in the healthy controls (P < 0.05), serum albumin levels in male acne patients were lower than in the healthy controls (P < 0.01). Additionally, serum globulin and total protein levels were significantly lower in acne patients than in the healthy control group (P < 0.01). Serum levels of prealbumin were significantly lower in female acne patients than in the control group (P < 0.05). Finally, the severity of female and male acne patients was negatively correlated with serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and prealbumin levels. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that acne patients are potentially accompanied with protein malnutrition.
Dietary Determinants of Esophageal Cancer in Arsi Zone, Central Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Deybasso Haji Aman , Roba Kedir Teji , Nega Berhanu , Belachew Tefera
Published: December 2020

Background: Esophageal cancer is ranked 5th of all types of malignancies in Ethiopia following uterine, cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers. The findings regarding the dietary risk factors associated with an increased incidence of esophageal cancer were inconsistent. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted from from June 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. A total of 104 cases and 208 controls were involved. Cases were consecutively recruited from higher referral hospitals and matched to two population-based controls (1:2 ratio) on age, sex, and residence/altitude. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, coded and entered into the EPI info version7, and transported to SPSS software version 23. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were conducted to check the association between independent and dependent variables. Adjusted odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated to assess the strength of association. P-values <0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results: Cooking foods in a living room (AOR=2.8,[95% CI:( 1.11,7.38), teeth loss ( AOR= 4.4, [95%CI:(1.87,10.56),consumption of very hot porridge (AOR=4.2 [95% CI:(2.08, 8.72),drinking very hot coffee (AOR=3.9 [95% CI:(1.70,8.93),drinking large volume of coffee at a time (AOR=6.3 [95% CI:(2.93,13.78), eating porridge fast (AOR=9.2[95% CI:(2.98, 28.88) were positively associated with esophageal cancer.Conclusion: Multiple dietary practices were associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. The findings imply the need for behavior change communication targeting cooking and consumption behaviors to curb the problem of esophageal cancer in the study community.
A Study on the Agreement of Body Temperatures Measured by Infrared Cameras and Oral Thermometry
Authors: Adams Scott , Bucknall Tracey , Kouzani Abbas
Published: December 2020

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid adoption and rollout of thermal camera-based Infrared Thermography (IRT) systems for fever detection. These systems use facial infrared emissions to detect individuals exhibiting an elevated core-body temperature, which is present in many symptomatic presentations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite the rollout of these systems, there is little independent research supporting their efficacy. The primary objective of this study was to assess the precision and accuracy of IRT screening solutions in a real-world scenario.Methods and Findings: A single-centre, observational study investigated the agreement of three IRT systems compared to digital oral thermometer measurements of body temperature. Over five days, 107 measurements were taken from individuals wearing facial masks. During each entry, two measurements of the subject’s body temperature were made from each system to allow for the evaluation of the measurement precision, followed by an oral thermometer measurement. Each participant also answered a short demographic survey. This study found that the precision of the IRT systems was wider than 0.3 °C claimed accuracy of two of the systems. This study also found that the IRT measurements were only weakly correlated to those of the oral temperature. Additionally, it was found that demographic characteristics (age, gender, skin colour, mask-type) impacted the measurement error.Conclusions: This study indicates that using IRT systems in front-line scenarios poses a potential risk, where a lack of measurement accuracy could possibly allow febrile individuals to pass through undetected. Further research is required into methods which could increase accuracy and improve the techniques viability.
Assessing Multisectoral Coordination for Nutrition Policy Effectiveness: Analysis of Facilitators, Constraints and Solutions for Implementation in Ethiopia
Authors: Kennedy Eileen , Kershaw Meghan , Biadgilign Sibhatu , Gizaw Rahel , Stickland Jennifer
Published: December 2020

BackgroundEffective implementation is an essential element for achieving success in multisector nutrition plans. The present study is follow-up to research conducted in 2013 - 2014. The current research utilizes the same protocol and targets the same regions of Ethiopia that were included in the initial study. The aim of the present research is to ascertain the factors that have enabled and sustained effective multisectoral coordination to inform ongoing support for multisector coordination through current activities.MethodsThe study was qualitative with purposing sampling of twelve woredas, each of which represented one of three groups receiving different levels of interventions under the initial study. Data was collected through Key Informant Interviews of the heads of the woreda-level sector offices using a standardized and semi-structured questionnaire. Focus Group Discussions were also held with nutrition focal/technical personnel working in different sectors, purposefully selected from relevant woreda sectors. Coding and analysis were done using Atlas.ti 8.1.3. ResultsResults indicate that progress has been made on key elements such as awareness of multisector nutrition plans and organization and functionality of the technical committees, however, competing priorities and lack of leadership and understanding of roles and responsibilities have hindered the effectiveness of regional coordination structures and implementation of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Program.ConclusionsIn order to address the gaps and constraints to effective implementation of the National Nutrition Program identified in the present study, different strategies need to be employed to create better awareness, ownership, understanding, and motivation for policy/decision making officials, technical experts, coordinating bodies, and supporting organizations. This paper provides recommendations to address these and future challenges for effective implementation of multisectoral coordination for nutrition policy effectiveness in the post-2020 period.
Cord blood Advanced Lipoprotein Testing shows an interaction between gestational diabetes and birth-weight: an observational study
Authors: Algaba-Chueca Francisco , Maymó-Masip Elsa , Ballesteros Mónica , Guarque Albert , Freixes Olga , Amigó Núria , Fernández-Veledo Sonia , Vendrell Joan , Megia Ana
Published: December 2020

Background

Abnormal lipid metabolism is observed in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in neonates with abnormal fetal growth, however, how these alterations specifically affect the umbilical cord blood lipoprotein profile is not well understood.
Objective

To assess the impact of GDM on the cord blood lipoprotein profile across birth-weight categories by using Advanced Lipoprotein Testing.
Methods

observational study involving 74 control and 62 GDM pregnant women and their offspring. Newborns were classified according to birth-weight as small (n = 39), adequate (n = 50) or large (n = 49) for gestational age (SGA, AGA and LGA, respectively). Two-dimensional diffusion-ordered 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to profile umbilical cord serum lipoproteins. One hundred and three children were available in a two years follow-up study to evaluate associations between cord blood lipid profile and obesity.
Results

Baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar except for gestational weight gain. The size, lipid content, number and concentration of particles within their subclasses were similar between offspring born to GDM and control mothers. Using two-way analysis of variance, we observed an interaction between GDM and birth-weight categories for IDL-cholesterol content and IDL- and LDL-triglyceride content, and the number of medium VLDL and LDL particles, specifically in AGA neonates. Small LDL particles were independently associated with offspring obesity at two years.
Conclusions

In this selected cohort, GDM disturbs triglyceride and cholesterol lipoprotein content across birth-weight categories, and AGA neonates born to GDM mothers display a profile more similar to adults with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis than to those born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance.
Deep vein thrombosis and major adverse limb events in diabetic patients: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Wang Po-Chang , Chen Tien-Hsing , Chung Chang-Min , Chen Mei-Yen , Chang Jung-Jung , Lin Yu-Sheng , Chu Pao-Hsien , Peng Yun-Shing , Lin Ming-shyan
Published: December 2020

Background

Little is known about the association between deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and arterial complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the influence of prior DVT on major adverse limb events (MALEs) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods

Patients with type 2 diabetes with or without a history of DVT hospitalization from 2001 to 2013 were identified in the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan and included in this study. Propensity score matching was used to balance the baseline characteristics between groups. Cox proportional and Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to examine association a between history of DVT and the risks of MALEs and MACEs.
Results

During a mean follow-up of 5.2 years (standard deviation: 3.9 years), the DVT group (n = 2017) had a higher risk of MALE composite outcome (8.4% vs. 5.2%; subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.60, 95% CI 1.34–1.90). Among the individual components, the DVT group had higher risks of foot ulcer (5.2% vs. 2.6%, SHR 1.96, 95% CI 1.57–2.45), gangrene (3.4% vs. 2.3%, SHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.10–1.90) and amputation (2.5% vs. 1.7%; SHR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03–1.95).
Conclusions

The presence of DVT may be associated with an increased risk of MALEs, major amputation, and thromboembolism, contributing to a higher risk of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.