bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capital social y cooperativismo
Authors: Arando Saioa , Gago Mónica , Freundlich Frederick , Ugarte Luxio
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’objectif de cette étude descriptive est d’analyser la relation existante entre le coopérativisme et le capital social communautaire. Ceci en tenant compte du fait que la possibilité de participer dans l’entreprise (possibilité offerte par la coopérative aux travailleurs) conditionne le capital social organisationnel (c’est-à-dire les relations internes à l’organisation) et celui-ci à son tour le capital social communautaire. Pour analyser cette relation entre coopérativisme et capital social communautaire, nous avons travaillé avec l’Enquête « Capital Social » de EUSTAR réalisée en 2007. Les résultats suggèrent que les habitants de municipalités à haute densité d’emploi coopératif ont une meilleure perception des variables liées au capital social. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que les coopérateurs ont une perception différente du capital social que les non-coopérateurs.
El impacto social de los sistemas de I+D+I
Authors: Eizagirre Andoni , Urteaga Eguzki
Published: February 2013

Résumé Outre les changements successifs concernant les politiques scientifiques, certains aspects préoccupent particulièrement les autorités politiques et scientifiques : les perceptions sociales de la science qui ont suscité différentes études sociologiques durant les trois dernières décennies. Cet article confirme une ambivalence sociale croissante vis-à-vis des avancées scientifiques et techniques. De plus, les nouvelles formes de gouvernance occultent l’environnement social dans lequel se situent les systèmes de R+D+I. Car la littérature sur l’innovation et les indicateurs statistiques se penchent essentiellement sur l’impact économique de la science. Enfin, notre réflexion s’achève par une analyse de la réalité socio-naturelle que doit intégrer toute analyse sur l’impact de la science et de la technologie.
L'impact des pratiques industrielles contemporaines sur la confiance inter-organisationnelle dans la sous-traitance du luxe
Authors: Darène Nathalie
Published: February 2013

Résumé Les sous-traitants de l’industrie du luxe subissent des mutations majeures avec une réorganisation capitalistique des marques et une mondialisation des activités. Cette évolution place la confiance au cœur des relations inter-organisationnelles avec comme conséquence essentielle pour les sous-traitants de passer d’un « savoir-faire » productif isolé à un « savoir-faire conjointement » toujours de production mais aussi de conception. Les marques ont optimisé le développement de leurs nouveaux produits de plus en plus complexes par une externalisation massive vers la sous-traitance dans des chaînes logistiques étendues, par une co-conception évolutive et une modularisation des process de production. La co-construction du projet qui s’auto-ajuste en permanence sur des données immatérielles et sensorielles avec des savoirs tacites, informels et non codifiés est permise par une concentration géographique et une proximité organisationnelle, propices aux interfaces actives. Le travail coopératif en réseau est désormais institué chez les sous-traitants qui s’organisent autour d’une firme-pivot, nœud central du réseau, véritable « entrepreneur social ». Ils deviennent complémentaires pour se rendre indissociables. La mobilisation au sein d’un réseau constitué, mais sans accès formalisé, autorise une adaptation et une réactivité affranchies avec des mécanismes de protection et de régulation formels en appui sur des institutionnels et une gouvernance appropriée, même pour des demandes singulières et originales.
Crise, coopératives, innovation et territoire
Authors: Larrasquet Jean-Michel
Published: February 2013

Résumé Le système capitaliste est en crise profonde et multidimensionnelle : économique, financière, sociale, écologie, de valeurs... Il ne se sortira pas « tout seul » de cette mauvaise passe, bien au contraire. Il y a nécessité de développer, à côté de l’économie classique en crise, des formes de développement liées à l’économie sociale et solidaire. Des ferments de développements renvoyant aux mots clés « territoire-solidarité-innovation » devraient être susceptibles d’enclencher un effet d’entraînement vers une économie réconciliée avec le développement soutenable, solidaire et innovant des territoires. L’exemple de Mondragón est là pour nous montrer que c’est possible. Nous examinerons cet exemple pour en déceler les mérites, les limites et les questions qu’il pose pour le futur.
Le paradoxe de la proxémie territoriale en situation de crise : une étude exploratoire du cas des tres petites entreprises gabonaises
Authors: Cargnello-Charles Emmanuelle , Peter Simon
Published: February 2013

Résumé Les espaces économiques, dans lesquels évoluent les entreprises subsahariennes en général et gabonaises en particulier sont le théâtre d’une instabilité récurrente et d’une incertitude notoire. Malgré ces perturbations, certaines organisations réussissent à échapper aux affres de la crise. Cependant, l’absence de données statistiques n’a pas toujours permis de voir le groupement de la Très Petite Entreprise locale comme un îlot de sérénité dans cet océan de perturbations. Cela s’explique en partie par l’absence d’analyse formalisée de ce secteur. Les seules analyses sont souvent appliquées par prolongement ou par assimilation à la TPE sans qu’elles ne fassent l’objet de travaux spécifiques de vérification et d’approfondissement. C’est pourquoi cette étude apparaît particulièrement opportune en apportant un éclairage sur la capacité des TPE à traverser les crises qui secouent généralement leur environnement. La démarche adoptée vise donc à répondre à une interrogation centrale : comment les pratiques managériales des Très Petites Entreprises se modifient-elles face à un environnement hostile ? Afin d’éclairer ce questionnement, la Théorie Néo-Institutionnelle (TNI) peut être mobilisée afin de restituer la complexité de la relation entre les TPE en tant qu’organisations et l’environnement en crise. Mais les limites du programme néo-institutionnel entraînent une mobilisation de la Théorie de la contingence, plus outillée pour expliquer les particularismes observés. Dans un souci de scientificité, la posture épistémologique s’organise autour d’une démarche inductive. L’analyse des données recueillies auprès de cinquante TPE hétérogènes, indique que ce type d’organisation à faible densité capitalistique démontre, par ses pratiques, sa capacité à assurer sa pérennité.
Strategies for Effective Meetings
Authors: Gerwick Michele A.
Published: February 2013

This article provides basic strategies for conducting effective meetings and providing committee chairs and members with a sense of accomplishment. Health care professionals can become easily frustrated regarding the need to attend meetings. They may perceive that attending a meeting is a waste of their valuable time, that nothing is ever accomplished, and that their input is not valued. Committee leaders need to use effective strategies to enhance each committee member’s sense of accomplishment.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(4):171–177.
Intra-Urban Analysis of Commercial Locations A GIS-Based Approach
Authors: Storie Christopher D.
Published: February 2013

The urban landscape is an interspersed mixing of residences, shops, theatres, parks, natural areas, and a multitude of other uses. From the early days of the central markets, to the planned downtown, to the heavily planned super-regional shopping complexes, the commercial areas within this urban landscape have evolved. There has been considerable research conducted on analyzing the commercial structure of urban environments in an attempt to better understand the nature of retailing and its resultant impacts on the geography of the city. This paper details the development of a GIS-based semi-automated method to detect commercial structure. The approach generated nearest commercial neighbour statistics as a measure of proximity between commercial locations. These were used as the foundation for clustering commercial operations into commercial areas.
Primary pulmonary Hodgkin Lymphoma simulating a mediastinal tumour: an uncommon occurrence.
Authors: Fratoni Stefano , Niscola Pasquale , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Trawinska Malgorzata Monika , Mercadante Edoardo , Casullo Andrea , De Fabritiis Paolo , Perrotti Alessio , Santeusanio Giuseppe
Published: February 2013

The case of a patient with p﻿rimary pulmonary Hodgkin Lymphoma simulating a mediastinal tumour﻿﻿ i﻿﻿﻿s﻿﻿ ﻿r﻿e﻿p﻿o﻿r﻿t﻿e﻿d﻿ ﻿f﻿o﻿r﻿ ﻿i﻿t﻿s﻿ ﻿r﻿a﻿r﻿i﻿t﻿y﻿ ﻿a﻿n﻿d﻿ ﻿t﻿h﻿e﻿ ﻿d﻿i﻿a﻿g﻿n﻿o﻿s﻿t﻿i﻿c﻿ ﻿c﻿o﻿n﻿c﻿e﻿r﻿n﻿s﻿ ﻿e﻿n﻿c﻿o﻿u﻿n﻿t﻿e﻿r﻿e﻿d﻿ ﻿b﻿y﻿ ﻿u﻿s﻿.﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿
Current research part D: interior plains and Arctic Canada
Authors:   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: February 2013

On northwestern Devon Island, 2 km of relative/y tectonically undisturbed Devonian strata are preserved. Dolomitic and clastic sediments of the Goose Fiord, Sutherland River and Prince Alfred for­mations were deposited du ring a period of intermittent Earl y
Devonian tectonism. A thin, unnamed forma­tion, possibly referable to the Vendom Fiord Formation, and occurring uniformly beneath the Blue Fiord Formation, is recognized for the first time from this area. A transition to quiescent, carbonate-shelf conditions is indicated by the Blue Fiord Formation,
and in it afour-fold subdivision of alternating limestone and dolomite units can be recognized. The Bird Fiord Formation, also subdivisible into four units, records a transition to more nearshore and fluvial condi­tions. The Middle-to-Upper Devonian Arctic Clastic Wedge is represented by the
nonmarine Strathcona Fiord, Hecla Bay, Fram and Hell Gate formations.
Current Research, Part A, Cordillera and Pacific Margin
Authors:   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: February 2013

The Nansen-Big Creek placer district has been a centre of placer mining and prospecting in Dawson Range since the tum-of-the century. Placers occur in this region due to a Jack of glaciation for more than 1 Ma and the presence of late Cretaceous granites and the
subvolcanic Mount Nansen Group which are gold sources or induced mineralization in country rocks. Placers were created during stream degradation following the pre-Reid glaciations. Significant aggradation occurred along streams in the Dawson Range as a result of the Reid Glaciation. The subsequent
McConnell Glaciation had a minimal affect on them by comparison. Ali streams that cross or drain late Cretaceous granites and the Mount Nansen Group and are beyond the limits of Reid Glaciation are prospective for gold placers.
Beloken blikvelden in de Lage Landen: Eenentwintigste-eeuwse receptie van Nederlandse vertalingen van Afrikaanse poëzie
Authors: T’Sjoen Yves
Published: February 2013

The South African poets Ingrid Jonker, Antjie Krog and Ronelda S. Kamfer are part of the literary system of the Low Countries.Their introduction in the Netherlands and Flanders was accomplished by translations into Dutch. An analysis of the role and theimage-building of foreign literature in the Dutch-speaking world is important for (the study of) literary historiography. Thepresence and the reception of the three selected South African poets and their works are documented in this paper. Critics are not only interested in the literary production of national authors but also in the poetry of foreign writers (mainly available through translations). In this way, poets and their works start functioning in the literary poly-system of the Netherlands and Flanders. The manner in which images are created tells us something about the presence of Jonker, Krog and Kamfer in contemporary Dutch literature. Not only are the reactions of readers (or critics) fundamental to the study of literary reception, the way in which these writers and their poetry have gained particular positions in the literary system should also be part of the research. Revealing questions deal with the role played by intermediaries, the selection criteria for poems in anthologies, translation strategies, the promotion by commercial publishers. Foreign literature is interwoven with the poetical discourses of a national literary system. In this respect, the translated poetry by the three selected South African (Afrikaans writing) female authors is part of the borderless (Dutch) literature.
Uncertainties in modelling the stratospheric warming following Mt. Pinatubo eruption
Authors: Arfeuille F. , Luo B. P. , Heckendorn P. , Weisenstein D. , Sheng J. X. , Rozanov E. , Schraner M. , Brönnimann S. , Thomason L. W. , Peter T.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. In terms of atmospheric impact, the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (1991) is the best characterized large eruption on record. We investigate here the stratospheric warming following the Pinatubo eruption derived from SAGE II extinction data including most recent improvements in the processing algorithm and a data filling procedure in the opacity-induced "gap" regions. From these data, which cover wavelengths of 1.024 micrometer and shorter, we derived aerosol size distributions which properly reproduce extinction coefficients at much longer wavelength. This provides a good basis for calculating the absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation and the resulting stratospheric heating. However, we also show that the use of this dataset in the global chemistry-climate model (CCM) SOCOL leads to exaggerated aerosol-induced stratospheric heating compared to observations, even partly larger than the already too high values found by many models in recent general circulation model (GCM) and CCM intercomparisons. This suggests that the overestimation of the stratospheric warming after the Pinatubo eruption arises from deficiencies in the model radiation codes rather than an insufficient observational data basis. Conversely, our approach reduces the infrared absorption in the tropical tropopause region, in better agreement with the post-volcanic temperature record at these altitudes.
Coherent uncertainty analysis of aerosol measurements from multiple satellite sensors
Authors: Petrenko M. , Ichoku C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Aerosol retrievals from multiple spaceborne sensors, including MODIS (on Terra and Aqua), MISR, OMI, POLDER, CALIOP, and SeaWiFS – altogether, a total of 11 different aerosol products – were comparatively analyzed using data collocated with ground-based aerosol observations from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations within the Multi-sensor Aerosol Products Sampling System (MAPSS, http://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/mapss/ and http://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/aerostat/). The analysis was performed by comparing quality-screened satellite aerosol optical depth or thickness (AOD or AOT) retrievals during 2006–2010 to available collocated AERONET measurements globally, regionally, and seasonally, and deriving a number of statistical measures of accuracy. We used a robust statistical approach to detect and remove possible outliers in the collocated data that can bias the results of the analysis. Overall, the proportion of outliers in each of the quality-screened AOD products was within 12%. Squared correlation coefficient (R2) values of the satellite AOD retrievals relative to AERONET exceeded 0.6, with R2 for most of the products exceeding 0.7 over land and 0.8 over ocean. Root mean square error (RMSE) values for most of the AOD products were within 0.15 over land and 0.09 over ocean. We have been able to generate global maps showing regions where the different products present advantages over the others, as well as the relative performance of each product over different landcover types. It was observed that while MODIS, MISR, and SeaWiFS provide accurate retrievals over most of the landcover types, multi-angle capabilities make MISR the only sensor to retrieve reliable AOD over barren and snow/ice surfaces. Likewise, active sensing enables CALIOP to retrieve aerosol properties over bright-surface shrublands more accurately than the other sensors, while POLDER, which is the only one of the sensors capable of measuring polarized aerosols, outperforms other sensors in certain smoke-dominated regions, including broadleaf evergreens in Brazil and South-East Asia.
An airborne amplitude-modulated 1.57 μm differential laser absorption spectrometer: simultaneous measurement of partial column-averaged dry air mixing ratio of CO2 and target range
Authors: Sakaizawa D. , Kawakami S. , Nakajima M. , Tanaka T. , Morino I. , Uchino O.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Simultaneous measurements of the partial column-averaged dry air mixing ratio of CO2 (XCO2) and target range were demonstrated using airborne amplitude-modulated 1.57 μm differential laser absorption spectrometer (LAS). The LAS system is useful for discriminating between ground and cloud return signals and has a demonstrated ability to suppress the impact of integrated aerosol signals on atmospheric CO2 measurements. A high correlation coefficient (R) of 0.987 between XCO2 observed by LAS and XCO2 calculated from in situ measurements was obtained. The averaged difference in XCO2 obtained from LAS and validation data was within 1.5 ppm for all spiral measurements. An interesting vertical profile was observed for both XCO2LAS and XCO2val, in which lower altitude CO2 decreases compared to higher altitude CO2 attributed to the photosynthesis over grassland in the summer. In the case of an urban area where there are boundary-layer enhanced CO2 and aerosol in the winter, the difference of XCO2LAS to XCO2val is a negative bias of 1.5 ppm, and XCO2LAS is in agreement with XCO2val within the measurement precision of 2.4 ppm (1 SD).
HelioFTH: combining cloud index principles and aggregated rating for cloud masking using infrared observations from geostationary satellites
Authors: Dürr B. , Schröder M. , Stöckli R. , Posselt R.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. A cloud mask, cloud fractional coverage (CFC) and cloud top pressure (CTP) retrieval scheme called HelioFTH is presented. The algorithm relies on infrared (IR) window channel observations only. The scheme is applicable to the full temporal and spatial resolution of the Meteosat Visible and InfraRed Imager (MVIRI) and the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) sensors. The main focus is laid on the separation of high cloud coverage (HCC) from low level clouds. CFC retrieval employs a IR-only cloud mask based on an aggregated rating scheme. CTP retrieval is based on a Heliosat-like cloud index for the MVIRI IR channel. CFC from HelioFTH, the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX and the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) were validated with CFC from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and the Alpine Surface Radiation Budget (ASRB) network. HelioFTH CFC differs by not more than 5–10% from CM SAF CFC but it is higher than ISCCP-DX CFC. In particular the conditional probability to detect cloud-free pixels with HelioFTH is raised by about 35% compared to ISCCP-DX. Also, the HelioFTH HCC was inter-compared to CM SAF and ISCCP-DX over different regions. The probability of false detection of cloud-free HCC pixels is 15% lower for HelioFTH than for ISCCP-DX compared to the CM SAF HCC product over the full-disk area. HelioFTH could be used for generating a climate data record of cloud physical properties once its consistency and homogeneity is validated for the full Meteosat time series.
Isotopic constraints on the pre-industrial oceanic nitrogen budget
Authors: Somes C. J. , Oschlies A. , Schmittner A.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The size of the bio-available (i.e. "fixed") nitrogen inventory in the ocean influences global marine productivity and the biological carbon pump. Despite its importance, the pre-industrial rates for the major source and sink terms of the oceanic fixed nitrogen budget, N2 fixation and denitrification, respectively, are not well known. However, these processes leave distinguishable imprints on the ratio of stable nitrogen isotopes, δ15N, which can therefore help to infer their patterns and rates. Here we use δ15N observations from the water column and a new database of seafloor measurements to constrain rates of N2 fixation and denitrification predicted by a global three-dimensional Model of Ocean Biogeochemistry and Isotopes (MOBI). Sensitivity experiments were performed to quantify uncertainties associated with the isotope effect of denitrification in the water column and sediments. They show that the level of nitrate utilization in suboxic zones, that is the balance between nitrate consumption by denitrification and nitrate replenishment by mixing (dilution effect), significantly affects the isotope effect of water column denitrification and thus global mean δ15NO3−. Experiments with lower levels of nitrate utilization within the suboxic zone (i.e. higher residual water column nitrate concentrations, ranging from 20–32 μM) require higher ratios of benthic to water column denitrification (BD:WCD = 0.75–1.4, respectively), to satisfy the global mean NO3− and δ15NO3− constraints in the modern ocean. This suggests that nitrate utilization in suboxic zones play an important role in global nitrogen isotope cycling. Increasing the net fractionation factor for benthic denitrification (ϵBD = 0–4‰) requires even higher ratios of benthic to water column denitrification (BD:WCD = 1.4–3.5, respectively). The model experiments that best reproduce observed seafloor δ15N support the middle to high-end estimates for the net fractionation factor of benthic denitrification (ϵBD = 2–4‰). Assuming a balanced fixed nitrogen budget, we estimate that pre-industrial rates of N2 fixation, water column denitrification, and benthic denitrification were approximately 195–345, 65–75, and 130–270 Tg N yr−1, respectively. Although uncertainties still exist, these results suggest that previous estimates of N2 fixation have been significantly underestimated and the residence time for oceanic fixed nitrogen is between ~ 1500–3000 yr.
A generalized tagging method
Authors: Grewe V.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The understanding of causes of changes in climate-chemistry simulations is an important, but often challenging task. In atmospheric chemistry, one approach is to tag species according to their origin (e.g. emission categories) and to inherit these tags to other species during subsequent reactions. This concept was recently employed to calculate the contribution of atmospheric processes to temperature. Here a new concept for tagging any state variable is presented. This generalized tagging method results from a sensitivity analysis of the individual forcing terms of the right hand side of the governing differential equations. In a couple of examples, the consistency with previous approaches and the synergy by using different analysis techniques are shown. Since the method is based on a ratio describing relative sensitivities, singularities occur where the method is not applicable. For some applications, such as in atmospheric chemistry, these singularities can easily be removed. However, one theoretical example is given, where this method is not applicable at all.
Detection of global runoff changes: results from observations and CMIP5 experiments
Authors: Alkama R. , Marchand L. , Ribes A. , Decharme B.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. This paper assesses the detectability of changes in global streamflow. First, a statistical detection method is applied to observed (no missing data) and reconstructed (gaps are filled in order to cover a larger area) streamflow. Observations show no change over the 1958–1992 period. Further, extension to 2004 over the same catchment areas using reconstructed data does not provide evidence of a significant change. Conversely, a significant change is found in reconstructed streamflow when a larger area is considered. These results suggest that changes in global streamflow are still unclear. Next, changes in streamflow as simulated by models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) using the historical and future RCP 8.5 scenario are investigated. Most CMIP5 models are found to simulate the climatological streamflow reasonably well, except over South America and Africa. Change becomes significant between 2016 and 2040 for all but three models.
Front Matter
Authors: Malatesta Alex
Published: February 2013

Front Matter
Parties and Party Arrangements in Southeast Asia and Oceania: Sub-continental Frameworks, Comparative Research, and Party Theory-Building
Authors: Strmiska Maxmilián , Chytilek Roman
Published: February 2013

The major purpose of the article is to assess the contribution of the study of parties and party arrangements in Southeast Asian and Oceanian (particularly Melanesian and Polynesian) polities to contemporary comparative party research, as well as to party theory-building. The sub-continental frameworks of Southeast Asia and Oceania offer a large range of opportunities for comparative enterprises. However, the development of innovative theorizing drawing from investigations into Southeast Asian and Oceanian party phenomena has been constrained by persisting inconsistencies in the conceptualization and/or categorization of party arrangements, and – even more importantly – by a low awareness of methodological and epistemological problems that are involved in cross-area comparisons. The authors argue that a reassessment of research strategies is needed in order to change this situation.
Úvod do studia politiky
Authors: Brunclík Miloš
Published: February 2013

Miroslav Novák (2012): Úvod do studia politiky, Praha: Slon, 783 pages.
Pipe Rehabilitation CIPP Provides Low‐Cost Alternative
Authors: Loiacono Joseph , Davison Michael
Published: February 2013

Cities facing water main replacement or rehabilitation should consider cured‐in‐place piping (CIPP), which offers minimal disruptions and is less expensive than many other methods. Hundreds of towns and cities have already discovered the benefits of trenchless CIPP.
Surgery for lung cancer as the second primary malignancy
Authors: Krasauskas Arnoldas , Aškinis Renatas , Zaremba Sigitas , Smailytė Giedrė , Cicėnas Saulius
Published: February 2013

Following a successful treatment of the first oncological disease, the second malignancy can develop. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment results for patients with the second primary lung cancer (2PLC) depending on the site of the first primary tumor (1PT).
Materials and methods. From 2005 to 2009, 88 patients (pts) were treated in the Subdivision of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, with lung cancer as the second primary malignancy. 29 patients (33%) underwent surgery: 17  pts (58.6%)  –  lobectomies, 2  pts (6.9%) – pneumonectomies, 9 pts (31%) – anatomical segmentectomies and 1 pt (3.5%) – bilobectomy. All lung resections were performed with lymph nodes dissection. We had neither major complications nor mortality 30 days after surgery. Stages of 2PLC were as follows: IA-B stage (st.) – 19 pts (65.5%), IIA-B st. – 7 pts (24.1%), and IIIA-IV st. – 3 pts (10.3%). Lung cancer morphology was the following: squamous cell – 11 pts (37.9%), adenocarcinoma – 13 pts (44.8%), large cell carcinoma – 4 pts (13.8%), small cell lung cancer – 1 pt (3.5%). First primaries of the patients were as follows: larynx – 6 pts (207%), lung – 2 pts (6.9%), stomach – 3 pts (10.3%), colon and rectum – 4 pts (13.8%), kidney – 4 pts (13.8%), prostate – 4 pts (13.8%), breast – 2 pts (6.9%), gynecology – 2 pts (6.9%) and haematologic malignancies – 2 pts (6.9%). According to 1PT localization patients were divided into 4 groups: airways, gastrointestinal, urology and other malignancies.
Results. 1- and 3-year survival was 69% and 27.6% (60.9% and 30.4% for males; 27.6% and 16.7% for females). 3-year survival for the first primary cancer was 37.5% in urological cancers, 14.3% in gastrointestinal, 37.5% in airway cancers and 16.7% in other cancer cases. Survival by stage of 2PLC was as follows: IA-B st. – 33.3%, IIA-B st. – 28.6%, respectively. No patients survived for 3 years with IIIA-IV st. of 2  PLC. By morphology of 2 PLC there were adenocarcinoma cases in 14.3%, squamous cell carcinoma in 50.0%. One patient with small cell 2 PLC has lived so far.
Conclusions. 1. The site of the first primary tumor is not a significant prognostic factor for surgical outcomes of the second primary lung cancer (p > 0.5). 2. Statistically significant survival rates did not differ by gender and histological type of 2PLC. 3. A statistically significant survival difference was obtained only between the patients with IA-IIB st. and IIIA-IV st. of 2PLC (p = 0.0013).
Cachez ce sang que je ne saurais voir. Les menstruations au Québec (1900-1950)
Authors: Marchand Suzanne
Published: February 2013

Cet article retrace les pratiques et croyances entourant les menstruations au Québec au cours de la période 1900-1950. En s’appuyant sur des témoignages recueillis auprès d’hommes et de femmes qui ont vécu au Québec au cours de la période étudiée, l’auteur traite du secret entourant le phénomène menstruel, des moyens dont disposaient les femmes pour ne pas laisser voir qu’elles étaient menstruées, des expressions utilisées pour faire allusion aux menstruations sans les nommer, ainsi que des craintes et interdits entourant le sang menstruel. Le recours à diverses études portant sur les menstruations dans d’autres cultures ou à d’autres époques permet en outre de démontrer que les pratiques et croyances recueillies au Québec étaient loin d’être exclusives, certaines étant même universellement partagées et s’inscrivant dans la longue durée.
Fungi Associated with Decay of Some Philippine Dipterocarps and Its Ecological Functions and Significance at Mt. Makiling, Laguna, Philippines
Authors: Tadiosa Edwin R. , Militante Ernesto P. , Pampolina Nelson M.
Published: February 2013

This study endeavored to document some of the fungal species affecting Philippine dipterocarps in Mt. Makiling. Collection of macroscopic fungi was conducted in five selected sites. A 1-2 km transect line was laid out per site, and four 10 x 10 m2 quadrat sampling plots were established to determine existing fungi. These fungi were quantified using ecological parameters such as density, frequency, diversity and evenness value. Twenty-seven species of macroscopic fungi belonging to fifteen genera were found associated with dipterocarps. These were characterized morphologically and anatomically prior to identification. The Ganoderma, Polystictus, Auricularia, Fomes and Polyporus species dominated the study areas. Among the dipterocarp host species, white lauan (Shorea contorta) has a wide range of fungal association. Decay capacity tests on heartwood and sapwood using inoculants were conducted in the laboratory on four dipterocarp species. Weight loss in percent, and absorbability of water in grams after 20 weeks of incubation were measured and compared. These fungi are commonly considered harmful organisms that cause great economic losses in wood. Nevertheless, they could be beneficial to the ecosystem. This permits the growth of young, vigorous trees and thereby, play an integral role in maintaining the dynamic and ever-changing nature of the forests. Keywords - Micology, Fungi, Wood Decay, Philippine Dipterocarps, Ecological Functions, Mt. Makiling
High‐Mobility n‐Type Organic Transistors Based on a Crystallized Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivative
Authors: Yoon Won Sik , Park Sang Kyu , Cho Illhun , Oh Jeong‐A , Kim Jong H. , Park Soo Young
Published: February 2013

A new high‐performing small molecule n‐channel semiconductor based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), 2,2′‐(5,5′‐(2,5‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,6‐dioxo‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐diyl)bis(thiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis(methan‐1‐yl‐1‐ylidene)dimalononitrile (DPP‐T‐DCV), is successfully synthesized. The frontier molecular orbitals in this designed structure are elaborately tuned by introducing a strong electron‐accepting functionality (dicyanovinyl). The well‐defined lamellar structures of the crystals display a uniform terrace step height corresponding to a molecular monolayer in the solid‐state. As a result of this tuning and the remarkable crystallinity derived from the conformational planarity, organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on dense‐packed solution‐processed single‐crystals of DPP‐T‐DCV exhibit an electron mobility (μe) up to 0.96 cm2 V−1 s−1, one of the highest values yet obtained for DPP derivative‐based n‐channel OFETs. Polycrystalline OFETs show promise (with an μe up to 0.64 cm2 V−1 s−1) for practical utility in organic device applications.
Graphene‐Based Mesoporous SnO2 with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Sheng , Yue Wenbo , Zhu Jia , Ren Yu , Yang Xiaojing
Published: February 2013

Graphene‐based metal oxides generally show outstanding electrochemical performance due to the superior properties of graphene. However, the aggregation of active metal oxide nanoparticles on the graphene surface may result in a capacity fading and poor cycle performance. Here, a mesostructured graphene‐based SnO2 composite is prepared through in situ growth of SnO2 particles on the graphene surface using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the structure‐directing agent. This novel mesoporous composite inherits the advantages of graphene nanosheets and mesoporous materials and exhibits higher reversible capacity, better cycle performance, and better rate capability compared to pure mesoporous SnO2 and graphene‐based nonporous SnO2. It is concluded that the synergetic effect between graphene and mesostructure benefits the improvement of the electrochemical properties of the hybrid composites. This facile method may offer an attractive alternative approach for preparation of the graphene‐based mesoporous composites as high‐ performance electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries.
Improving the Photovoltage of Dithienopyrrole Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells via Attaching the Bulky Bis(octyloxy)biphenyl Moiety to the Conjugated π‐Linker
Authors: Cai Ning , Zhang Jing , Xu Mingfei , Zhang Min , Wang Peng
Published: February 2013

The judicious design of 3D giant organic dye molecules to enable the formation of a porous photoactive layer on the surface of titania is one of the viable tactics to abate the adverse interfacial charge recombination in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) employing outer‐sphere redox couples. Here 2′,6′‐bis(octyloxy)‐biphenyl substituted dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole segment is constructed and employed as the π‐linker of a high molar absorption coefficient organic push‐pull dye. With respect to its congener possessing the hexyl substituted dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole linker, the new dye can self‐assemble on the surface of titania to afford a porous organic coating, which effectively slow down the kinetics of charge recombination of titania electrons with both outer‐sphere tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)cobalt(III) ions and photooxidized dye molecules, improving the cell photovoltage. In addition, the diminishments of charge recombination via modulating the microstructure of interfacial functional zone can also overcompensate the disadvantageous impact of reduced light‐harvesting and evoke an enhanced photocurrent output, bringing forth an efficiency improvement from 7.5% to 9.3% at the 100 mW cm−2, simulated AM1.5 conditions.
Beneficial Effects of Liquid Crystalline Phases in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Costa Rubén D. , Werner Fabian , Wang Xinjiao , Grönninger Philipp , Feihl Sebastian , Kohler Florian T. U. , Wasserscheid Peter , Hibler Susanne , Beranek Radim , Meyer Karsten , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: February 2013

Two novel double‐alkyl functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid crystals have successfully been utilized to demonstrate the benefits of the liquid crystalline phase on the ssDSSC performance. In particular, a good balance between dye regeneration and hole transport is only realized in the liquid crystalline phase. Devices that employ a single component ionic liquid based electrolyte show a remarkably stable efficiency during 1000 h under outdoor operation temperature conditions and 1 sun illumination.
Recent Advances in Diversity Oriented Synthesis through Isatin‐based Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Wang Hang , Wan Jieping
Published: February 2013

Isatins are well‐known carbonyl electrophiles which allow a vast number of reactions initiated by nucleophilic attack on the C3 carbonyl group when used as starting materials. The most notable feature of isatins is that they serve as donors of oxindole fragments and furnish spirocyclic products in most cases. Because of their high reactivity and easy availability, isatins have been broadly used as building blocks in the synthesis of structurally complex and diverse heterocyclic compounds in multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Recent advances in diversity oriented synthesis with isatin‐based MCRs are discussed in this Focus Review and are classified into different sections based on the key transformation involved in the reactions, such as 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, Knoevenagel reaction, ring‐opening of isatins and so on.
Pain referral patterns of the C1 to C3 nerves: Implications for headache disorders
Authors: Johnston Mollie M. , Jordan Sheldon E. , Charles Andrew C.
Published: February 2013

The cervical nerves may play a significant role in primary headache disorders. We reviewed the patterns of pain evoked by stimulation of the first 3 cervical nerves (C1–C3) in 10 patients with chronic occipital pain, 6 of whom also had migraine. Stimulation at the C1 level evoked periorbital and frontal pain in 6 of 6 patients with migraine but evoked occipital or cervical pain in those without migraine. C2 and C3 stimulation resulted in occipital or cervical pain in all patients. The C1 nerve may have an important sensory function in headache disorders that have orbital and frontal pain as a prominent feature. Ann Neurol 2013;74:145–148
Biomolekulare Simulationen mit mehreren Auflösungsniveaus: ein Überblick über methodische Aspekte
Authors: Meier Katharina , Choutko Alexandra , Dolenc Jozica , Eichenberger Andreas P. , Riniker Sereina , van Gunsteren Wilfred F.
Published: February 2013

Theoretische und computergestützte Modellierungen, die der Erklärung experimenteller Beobachtungen im Hinblick auf ein bestimmtes chemisches Phänomen oder einen bestimmten chemischen Prozess dienen, erfordern eine Reihe von Annahmen. Diese Annahmen betreffen die essentiellen Freiheitsgrade, die Art der Wechselwirkungen und die Erzeugung eines Boltzmann‐Ensembles oder einer Konfigurationstrajektorie. Abhängig von den Freiheitsgraden, die für den interessierenden Prozess unabdingbar sind, wie z. B. elektronische, nukleare oder atomare, molekulare oder supramolekulare, müssen quantenmechanische oder klassisch‐mechanische Bewegungsgleichungen angewendet werden. In Simulationen mit unterschiedlichen Auflösungsniveaus werden verschiedene Ebenen wie elektronische, atomare, supraatomare oder supramolekulare Ebenen in einem einzigen Modell vereint. Dies erlaubt eine Steigerung der Recheneffizienz, wobei eine ausreichende Genauigkeit im Hinblick auf die bestimmten Freiheitsgrade erhalten bleibt. Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über die grundlegenden Herausforderungen und Annahmen in Bezug auf Modellierungen mit unterschiedlichen Auflösungsniveaus gegeben. Zur Veranschaulichung werden die unterschiedlichen katalytischen Eigenschaften zweier Enzyme, die sich in ihrer Struktur ähneln, jedoch unterschiedliche Substrate binden, im Hinblick auf diese Substrate unter Verwendung von Simulationen mit elektronischen, atomaren und supramolekularen Auflösungsniveaus untersucht.
Große N‐Heteroacene: ein alter Hut mit neuen Federn?
Authors: Bunz Uwe H. F. , Engelhart Jens U. , Lindner Benjamin D. , Schaffroth Manuel
Published: February 2013

Azaacene sind seit langem bekannt, entweder als N,N′‐Dihydroverbindungen oder in ihrer oxidierten Form als 4 n+2π‐Systeme, aber erst seit kurzer Zeit versucht man, prozessierbare und charakterisierbare Derivate zu erhalten. In den letzten drei Jahren wurden neue Synthesewege für größere N‐Heteroacene entwickelt. Besonders die Pd‐katalysierten Kupplungen aromatischer Diamine mit aktivierten aromatischen Dihalogeniden haben zahlreiche neuartige Azaacene einfach zugänglich gemacht. Seit 2010 konnte eine Vielzahl Azapentacene und stabiler Oligoazahexacene synthetisiert werden, darunter auch ein symmetrisches Tetraazapentacen, das ein ausgezeichnetes Elektronentransportmaterial für Dünnschichttransistoren darstellt.
Multi‐Resolution Simulation of Biomolecular Systems: A Review of Methodological Issues
Authors: Meier Katharina , Choutko Alexandra , Dolenc Jozica , Eichenberger Andreas P. , Riniker Sereina , van Gunsteren Wilfred F.
Published: February 2013

Theoretical‐computational modeling with an eye to explaining experimental observations in regard to a particular chemical phenomenon or process requires choices concerning essential degrees of freedom and types of interactions and the generation of a Boltzmann ensemble or trajectories of configurations. Depending on the degrees of freedom that are essential to the process of interest, for example, electronic or nuclear versus atomic, molecular or supra‐molecular, quantum‐ or classical‐mechanical equations of motion are to be used. In multi‐resolution simulation, various levels of resolution, for example, electronic, atomic, supra‐atomic or supra‐molecular, are combined in one model. This allows an enhancement of the computational efficiency, while maintaining sufficient detail with respect to particular degrees of freedom. The basic challenges and choices with respect to multi‐resolution modeling are reviewed and as an illustration the differential catalytic properties of two enzymes with similar folds but different substrates with respect to these substrates are explored using multi‐resolution simulation at the electronic, atomic and supra‐molecular levels of resolution.
Large N‐Heteroacenes: New Tricks for Very Old Dogs?
Authors: Bunz Uwe H. F. , Engelhart Jens U. , Lindner Benjamin D. , Schaffroth Manuel
Published: February 2013

Azaacenes have been known for a very long time, either as N,N′‐dihydro compounds or in their oxidized form as 4 n+2π systems, but only recently have processable and charcterizable derivatives been sought. In the last three years synthetic routes to large N‐heteroacenes have been developed. In particular, the Pd‐catalyzed coupling of aromatic diamines with activated aromatic dihalogenides has enabled simple access to numerous new azaacenes. Since 2010, azapentacene and stabile oligoazahexacene have been synthesized, as well as a symmetrical tetraazapentacene, which acts as an excellent electron‐transport material for thin‐film transistors.
Separation of Cd(II) from its aqueous solution using environmentally benign vegetable oil as liquid membrane
Authors: Bhatluri Kamal Kumar , Manna Mriganka Sekhar , Saha Prabirkumar , Ghoshal Aloke Kumar
Published: February 2013

This work is intended for extraction and recovery of toxic heavy metal components, viz. Cadmium (Cd), from the industrial wastewater using liquid membrane (LM)‐based separation technique. Exploring environmental benignity in the solvent (LM) is the main aim of this work. Vegetable oils are potential candidates toward that. Presence of carrier component in solvent often augments the solute transport mechanism. Although N,N‐dimethyloctylamine (DMOA) is a very good carrier to show excellent extraction, the recovery is poor possibly because of high stability of complex between Cd(II) and DMOA in the membrane phase. The performance of LM‐based separation process is affected by various physical and chemical parameters viz. pH, concentration, stirring rate, temperature, carrier concentration. An optimum operating condition has been identified that would yield the most efficient transport of solute. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HNBR/EPDM blends: Covulcanization and compatibility
Authors: Shi Xinyan , Zhu Zhu , Jia Lingyan , Li Qi , Bi Weina
Published: February 2013

The covulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, compatibility, and hot‐air aging resistance of hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) blends cured with either sulfur or dicumyl peroxide (DCP) were studied. The difference between MH and ML (MH − ML), rheometer graphs, selective swelling and a dynamic mechanical analysis of HNBR/EPDM blends confirmed that the peroxide curing system gives better covulcanization characteristics than the sulfur curing system and peroxide exhibited higher crosslink efficiency on EPDM while sulfur showed larger crosslink efficiency on HNBR. Dynamic mechanical analysis and morphology indicated that the compatibility between HNBR and EPDM is limited. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the sulfur‐cured blends are greater than those obtained with peroxide and increase with the HNBR fraction. The blends crosslinked with peroxide retain their tensile strength but not their elongation at break after hot air ageing better than blends vulcanized by sulfur. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Zinc Porphyrins with a Pyridine‐Ring‐Anchoring Group for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Jianfeng , Xu Xiaobao , Li Zhihong , Cao Kun , Cui Jin , Zhang Yibo , Shen Yan , Li Yi , Zhu Jun , Dai Songyuan , Chen Wei , Cheng Yibing , Wang Mingkui
Published: February 2013

Anchoring groups are extremely important in controlling the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The design and characterization of sensitizers with new anchoring groups, in particular non‐carboxylic acid groups, has become a recent focus of DSC research. Herein, new donorπacceptor zincporphyrin dyes with a pyridine ring as an anchoring group have been designed and synthesized for applications in DSCs. Photophysical and electrochemical investigations demonstrated that the pyridine ring worked effectively as an anchoring group for the porphyrin sensitizers. DSCs that were based on these new porphyrins showed an overall power‐conversion efficiency of about 4.0 % under full sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2).
Synthesis of Optically Enriched Spirocyclic Benzofuran‐2‐ones by Bifunctional Thiourea‐Base Catalyzed Double‐Michael Addition of Benzofuran‐2‐ones to Dienones
Authors: Li Xin , Yang Chen , Jin Jia‐Lu , Xue Xiao‐Song , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: February 2013

A highly enantioselective catalytic double‐Michael addition reaction of substituted benzofuran‐2‐ones with divinyl ketones promoted by readily accessible tertiary amine–thiourea Cinchona alkaloids has been developed. A number of optically enriched spirocyclic benzofuran‐2‐ones were prepared in very good yields (up to 99 %), diastereoselectivities (up to 19:1 d.r.), and very good enantioselectivities (up to 92 % ee). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the origin of stereoselectivity.
General theory of mixture procedures for gatekeeping
Authors: Dmitrienko Alex , Tamhane Ajit C.
Published: February 2013

The paper introduces a general approach to constructing mixture‐based gatekeeping procedures in multiplicity problems with two or more families of hypotheses. Mixture procedures serve as extensions of and overcome limitations of some previous gatekeeping approaches such as parallel gatekeeping and tree‐structured gatekeeping. This paper offers a general theory of mixture procedures constructed from nonparametric (p‐value based) to parametric (normal theory based) procedures and studies their properties. It is also shown that the mixture procedure for parallel gatekeeping is equivalent to the multistage gatekeeping procedure. A clinical trial example is used to illustrate the mixture approach and the implementation of mixture procedures.