bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution hard-x-ray photoelectron diffraction in a momentum microscope—the model case of graphite
Authors: Fedchenko O , Winkelmann A , Medjanik K , Babenkov S , Vasilyev D , Chernov S , Schlueter C , Gloskovskii A , Matveyev Yu , Drube W , Schönhense B , Elmers H J , Schönhense G
Published: October 2019

Hard x-ray photoelectron diffraction (hXPD) patterns recorded with a momentum microscope with high k-resolution (0.025 Å−1 equivalent to an angular resolution of 0.034° at 7 keV) reveal unprecedented rich fine structure. We have studied hXPD of the C 1s core level in the prototypical low-Z material Graphite at 20 photon energies between 2.8 and 7.3 keV. Sharp bright and dark lines shift with energy; regions of Kikuchi band crossings near zone axis exhibit a filigree structure which varies rapidly with energy. Calculations based on the Bloch wave approach to electron diffraction from lattice planes show excellent agreement with the experimental results throughout the entire energy range. The main Kikuchi bands in the [001] zone axis appear fixed on the momentum scale with a width of the corresponding reciprocal lattice vector, allowing to reconstruct the size of the projected Brillouin zone. The newly developed high-energy k-microscope allows full-field imaging of (k

x
, k

y
)-distributions in large k-fields (up to >22 Å−1 dia.) and time-of-flight energy recording.
Effect on the Earth system of realizing a 1.5 °C warming climate target after overshooting to the 2 °C level
Authors: Tachiiri Kaoru , Silva Herran Diego , Su Xuanming , Kawamiya Michio
Published: October 2019

An Earth system model (ESM) was used to investigate the effect of reaching the target of 1.5 °C warming (relative to preindustrial levels) after overshooting to the 2 °C level with respect to selected global environment indicators. Two scenarios were compared that diverged after reaching the 2 °C level: one stayed at the 2 °C level, and the other cooled to the 1.5 °C level. Unlike the internationally coordinated model intercomparison projects, the scenarios were developed for a specific climatic model with emissions and land use scenarios consistent with socioeconomic projections from an integrated assessment model. The ESM output resulted in delayed realization of the 1.5 °C and 2 °C targets expected for 2100. The cumulative CO2 emissions for 2010−2100 (2300) were 358 (−53) GtCO2 in the 2 °C scenario and −337 (−936) GtCO2 in the 1.5 °C scenario. We examined the effect of overshooting on commonly used indicators related to surface air temperature, sea surface temperature and total ocean heat uptake. Global vegetation productivity at 2100 showed around a 5% increase in the 2 °C scenario without overshooting compared with the 1.5 °C scenario with overshooting, considered to be caused by more precipitation and stronger CO2 fertilization. A considerable difference was found between the two scenarios in terms of Arctic sea ice, whereas both scenarios indicated few corals would survive past the 21st century. The difference in steric sea level rise, reflecting total cumulative ocean heat uptake, between the two scenarios was <2 cm in 2100, and around 9 cm in 2300 in the Pacific Island region. A large overshoot may reduce the eventual difference between targets (i.e. 1.5 °C in contrast to 2 °C), particularly in terms of the indicators related to total ocean heat uptake, and to sensitive biological thresholds.
Persistence of the high solar potential in Africa in a changing climate
Authors: Soares Pedro M M , Brito Miguel C , Careto João A M
Published: October 2019

The African continent faces several challenges and threats: high vulnerability to climate change, the fastest population increase, the lowest degree of electrification and the need for an energy transition towards renewable energies. Solar energy constitutes a viable option for addressing these issues. In a changing climate the efficient implementation of solar capacity should rely on comprehensive information about the solar resource. Here, the newest and highest resolution regional climate simulation results are used to project the future photovoltaic and concentrated solar power potentials for Africa. We show that the high potentials for solar energy will not be reduced much throughout Africa with climate change. However, the PV solar potential is projected to decrease up to about −10% in limited areas of eastern central Africa; increases are also projected to the northwest and southern Africa (up to about +5%). These changes are mostly determined by changes in solar irradiance but in certain areas the warming is a critical factor limiting PV potential.
Genetic Algorithms Optimization for Water Management in Irrigated Paddy Fields
Authors: Arif Chusnul , Setiawan Budi Indra , Mizoguchi Masaru , Nugroho Bayu Dwi Apri
Published: October 2019

Water management in paddy fields is main key to produce more yield and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the same time. Commonly, Indonesian farmers apply continuous flooding irrigation to combat weed growth and gain maximum yield as well. However, this method is less efficient in water use and releases more GHG emissions as represented by Global Warming Potential (GWP) value. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI), as alternative rice farming, applies intermittent irrigation that has possibility produce more yields with minimum GHG emissions. However, optimum water management for these purposes is not clear yet. The objective of this study was to search optimal soil moisture and water depth in each growth stage using genetic algorithms (GA) model for SRI rice farming. GA model was developed based on one rice season experiment that was conducted during January to May 2018 with three water management regimes, i.e., flooded (FL), moderate (MD) and dry (DR) regimes, respectively. Based on the experiment, MD regime produced highest yield by 5.26% and 10.89% higher than those FL and DR regimes, respectively. So this was the best regime among others. However, this regime release more GHG emissions than that DR regime in which its GWP value was 87.85% higher than that DR regime. So, the GA model was used to find the better regime than that MD regime. Based on those empirical data, GA model found optimal soil moisture and water depth in four growth stages. Based on GA optimal scenario, the yield can be increased up to 1.31% higher than that MD regime and GWP can be reduced up to 8.62% lower than that MD regime. More field experiments are needed to validate the model under various climate conditions.
Artificial neural network based particle swarm optimization in predictions mortality rate of broiler chicken
Authors: Hasman D , Gustian D , Saputra R B , Rahmasari H , Lorentina  , Ratnasari S A
Published: October 2019

Success in broiler farms can be assessed from the mortality rate of chickens and also a solution to reduce the mortality rate of chickens. But in the process there are obstacles that is the death of hickens that tend to fluctuate so that of course resulted in financial losses for farmers. To prevent it required a method that can predict and control the mortality rate of broiler chickens. In this research, data mining method used is Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), to produce accurate prediction with excellent iteration and also small error rate. The results of analysis in predicting mortality rate of broiler chickens by artificial neural network method in combination with Particle swarm optimization get better RMSE result (0.135) than Artificial Neural Network have not been optimized (0.381) with january mortality data and result of application quisioner made value 83,125 which can be categorized well and enough help the farmer in controlling prediction of chicken mortality rate broiler.
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System implementation for farmer’s term of trade forecasting in West Sumatra
Authors: Aufar Y , Sitanggang I S
Published: October 2019

The farmer’s term of trade (NTP) is used by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) as one of the indicators for measuring the level of welfare or purchasing power of farmers. To prepare preventive measures when the NTP index falls from the previous period, the relevant parties need to predict NTP for the coming period. The purpose of this study is to measure the performance of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in predicting NTP of West Sumatra Province in the coming month. The data used are monthly NTP data of West Sumatra Province obtained from the BPS website www.sumbar.bps.go.id from 2013 to 2016 for the network training process. Model evaluation was done by comparing the test results with actual data in 2017. Forecasting systems are divided into two types, namely time series model and the multivariate model. The test results show that the time series model has the smallest RMSE of 0.3430 for the training set and the RMSE value is 1.4570 for the testing set.
Mapping of palm oil technology based on patent information analysis
Authors: Wibowo M H , Fauzi A M , Taqi F M
Published: October 2019

Patent system has been implemented globally to protect intellectual property in technology. Patent information analysis has been used for various purposes, including technology mapping, technology forecasts, business intelligence, patent portfolios, and others. Indonesia is the largest producer and exporter of palm oil in the world thus palm oil is one of Indonesia’s largest foreign exchange earning commodities, but Indonesia’s palm oil research activities are still lagging behind Malaysia. This study aims to map the conditions and development of palm oil technology in the world and Indonesia based on patent information analysis that expected to be an input for researchers & policy maker (government, university, R&D institution) in structuring of research and development strategic planning to produce applicative researches which suitable to industry needs. Patent information analysis of palm oil in this study includes technology life cycle, technology classification, patent applicants, market size of technology, and experts of palm oil technology. Mapping of palm oil technology based on patent information analysis in this study shows the development of palm oil technology both in the world and Indonesia are in the stage of growth. In the period 1997-2016, technologies that were widely developed were production of oil and fat from palm oil raw materials and enzyme utilization for synthesis of organic compounds, processing of wastewater and fertilizers from palm oil waste, cultivation or nursery of oil palm, herbal preparations, and utilization of oil palm biomass for particle board. Data on patent applicants for palm oil in the world shows that 83% of patent applicants came from companies, where the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) is the largest producer of palm oil technology in the world.
Antioxidant activity and phytocemical analysis from black rice bran
Authors: Muniroh Amirotul , Budijanto Slamet , Pontjo Priosoeryanto Bambang
Published: October 2019

Black rice bran is a one of potential antioxidant component source. Black rice bran bioactivity is better than white rice bran. However, the high bioactivity of black rice bran is not accompanied by its utilization as a functional food ingredient. The ability of R. oryzae to degrade lignocellulose and polysaccharide matrix through its enzyme activity is proven to increase antioxidant activity on rice bran variety of white rice. The capability of these molds on the black rice bran matrix is expected to maximize the potential functional properties of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the content of phytochemicals and antioxidants from black rice bran and the comparison between before and after being given fermentation treatment with addition of Rhyzopus oryzae. In this study, black rice bran was given two different treatment that is non-fermentation and fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae for 96 hours. After the cultivation period, each sample was extracted with methanol solvent. Further phytochemicals including flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, saponin, quinone, steroid and triterpenois were evaluated by qualitative phytochemical tests while the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH assay. The results showed that the fermented black rice bran samples contained flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoid while non-fermented black rice bran sample contained flavonoids, tannins and steroids. Antioxidant activity of fermented black rice bran (67,37%) was more effective to inhibit free radicals than non fermented black rice bran (43,93%). According to the result, studies are needed to produce a black rice bran functional food product that can be used as a source of food containing bioactive compouns and antioxidants.
ICTs for small scale farmers in Indonesia: how to make it possible?
Authors: Seminar A U , Sarwoprasodjo S
Published: October 2019

The effort to digitalized agricultural process has been started since the 1980s to maximize the food production, yet this effort majorly targeted agricultural industries or state-supported farmers group. In Indonesia, the number of small independent farmers is high. These small farmers have little access to ICT infrastructure to support their farming activities. This paper seeks to propose strategies for improving small independent farmers’ access to and utilization of ICTs for agriculture. Qualitative method is used to identify the problems and needs of small farmers and their perception of ICTs for agriculture. Using multi-sites ethnography strategy in gathering data, we conducted in-depth interviews with 22 small farmers from 12 regions in Indonesia. We also observed the day-to-day activities of small independent farmers in two villages in Bogor and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We found that several strategies have to be considered for developing ICTs for small scale farmers, which are (1) analysing small farmers perception about technology; (2) identifying local-specific issues; (3) involving small farmers in planning digital agriculture system; (4) facilitators of new technology must have communicative competences or communicative skills so the planning of digital agriculture system is done through participatory approaches.
Canopy cover of mangrove estimation based on airborne LIDAR & Landsat 8 OLI
Authors: Prasetyo L B , Nursal W I , Setiawan Y , Rudianto Y , Wikantika K , Irawan B
Published: October 2019

Mangroves are very important ecosystems, because of their economic value and environmental services, including as a habitat for various wildlife species, storing carbon, and protecting land from sea abrasion. Indonesia is known to have large mangrove area and diversity. It is estimated that the area of mangroves in Indonesia in 2015 reached about 3 million hectares, with 15 families, 18 genera, 41 true mangrove species and 116 species of mangrove associations. Unfortunately, the area to continue to decline due to degradation and conversion to other land uses, especially ponds and built up areas. Usually, mangrove degradation assessment is carried out by field survey and relying on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) clustering derived from satellite image data. Field surveys require a large amount of time and cost, meanwhile NDVI clustering is either inaccurate or too rough. Therefore, exploration of another methods are needed. Our result showed that pixel value of Band 5, Band 6, NDVI and PC1 can be used to estimate canopy cover. Regression using quadratic equation is better than linear equations. However, we noticed limitations of optical Landsat 8 OLI data for canopy cover mapping, namely pixel saturation on high canopy cover and high pixel value of bush/shrubs/regrowth that was not always representing high canopy cover.
Bycatch assessment for fusilier gillnet to support ecosystem approach fisheries management
Authors: Mosse J W , Hutubessy B G , Pailin J B , Rumbouw B.
Published: October 2019

Fusilier (Pisces: Caesionidae) gillnet, called jaring lalosi, have been used since decades by fishers from Assilulu village, meanwhile its scientific information is limited. The aim of this study is to learn the reef fish species selectivity of jaring lalosi and to assess its bycatch using productivity and susceptibility assessment (PSA). This study was conducted at Pulau Tiga waters, Central Maluku Regency, for 3 months observation: October 2017, February and April 2018. Jaring lalosi which means fusilier gillnet, caught dark-banded fusilier, Pterocaesio tile, 94.4% of the total catch. The rest of the catch we represented as by-catch of jaring lalosi. As a high resilience and low vulnerability species, the sustainability of dark-banded fusilier fisheries is unlikely to be fully concerned. As high mobility schooling species, dark-banded fusilier was caught at different communities of reef fishes. MDS analysis showed discrepancy of species selectivity of fusilier gillnet by monthly catch rate. The PSA for bycatch resulted 2 reef species are least likely to be sustainable, 12 reef species are most likely to be sustainable on the criteria of recovery axis and 3 pelagic species are the most sustainable species. We concluded that the practiced of jaring lalosi has low impacts on reef fish community and tendency to overfishing is almost none as long as there is no increasing on fishing pressure. For the implementation of fisheries management based on ecosystem approach (EAFM), bycatch assessment should be applied to other fishing gears.
Effectivity of rearing with difference composition of feed toward body weight gain of mud crab Scylla olivacea in the mangrove area, Tuhaha Village, East Saparua, Central Maluku-Indonesia
Authors: Pattiasina B J , Natan Y , Tetelepta J M S , Ongkers O T S , Pattikawa J A
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to determine the level of weight gain of adult mud crabs given different doses of feed at the front of the mangrove area in Tuhaha Bay, Central Maluku Indonesia. Mud crabs (Scylla olivacea) with average initial body weight (BW) of 100.36±8.35g g were placed in a plastic basket measuring 50 x 25 x 17 cm³ which hanging on bamboo raft. Prior to measurement, the crabs were acclimatized for one week at the location with 3% feeding/BW. Treatment with three different fish feed doses i.e., 5% trash fish: 5% mashed raw papaya (Treatment A), 7.5% trash fish: 2.5% mashed raw papaya / BW (Treatment B) and trash fish 10%/BW (Treatment C). Each treatment consisted of 6 individuals as replicates. Data collection includes absolute BW and Specific Growth Rate (SGR). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and displayed in tables and graphs. The results showed that mud crabs given treatment A, B and C had an average BW of 95.03±2.84g, 100.22±3.81g and 114.83±2.55g, respectively. Relative BW gain and SGR of treatment B was higher than those of treatment A and treatment C. These results indicated that treatment B is quite effective in meeting the energy needs for increasing the body weight of individual crabs at this location.
Status of mud crab (Scylla sp.) fishery and mangrove ecosystem of Sanleko Village, Buru District, Indonesia
Authors: Tetelepta J M S , Lopulalan Y , Pattikawa J A
Published: October 2019

Until recently live crab business has been proven as a promising fisheries practice in many parts in Indonesia. Mud crab capture based fishery at Sanleko Village has been going for more than 20 years of time. The present study was aimed to examine the status of mangrove ecosystem as main mud crab habitat and mud crab fishery at Sanleko Village of Buru District. Mud crab fishery status was considered less sustain with an average sustainable scale of 47.36% whilst mangrove ecosystem sustainability status was considered sustain (60.29) according to the ecosystem approach to fisheries management. The economic analysis shows the NPV of 17.05 with average B/R of 2.47. The IRR of this fishery was 23.2% which is bigger than the interest rate of 15% and the payback period of 0.6. In general, the fishery of mud crab at Sanleko Village is still feasible with steadily decreasing economic sustainability.
Advancing reef coral diagnostic capabilities using molecular biotechnology and artificial intelligence
Authors: Mayfield A B
Published: October 2019

Coral reef ecosystems around the planet are threatened by an onslaught of anthropogenic stressors, most notably global climate change (GCC); indeed, no regions have been spared from our wide-ranging human impact. Consequently, there has been an urgent push to 1) model how marine organisms will respond to future changes in their environments and 2) make data-driven predictions as to which populations are most stress sensitive. Given our recently elevated level of understanding of the responses of reef-building corals to environmental change and GCC, we are now in a position in which it may be possible to make projections as to which corals are most susceptible to GCC, as well as which will likely demonstrate resilience. Herein I explore the potential for data-trained predictive modeling approaches based on artificial intelligence to generate models that can accurately predict coral stress susceptibility (CSS). Specifically, I advocate that coral reef-focused partial least squares and neural networking algorithms (trained with either molecular or environmental data) should be developed, with their prognostic capability then field-tested at sites that span a gradient of human impact and ecological resilience in the high-biodiversity “Coral Triangle.” If the developed predictive models are characterized by the analytical capacity to forecast CSS, we will possess one means of identifying reefs that should be prioritized for conservation in this era of rapidly changing global climate.
Zooplankton seasonal dynamics in Ambon Bay, Maluku
Authors: Mulyadi H A , Saputra F R T
Published: October 2019

A seasonal study of zooplankton was conducted to understand the abundance and diversity of zooplankton in related to oceanographic condition in Ambon Bay, Maluku. The research was conducted in four months (March, April, July, and October) which represented the various seasons in Ambon Bay in the year of 2016. The abundance of zooplankton was determined from NORPAC net (mesh size 0.33 mm) with depth varied from 10m to surface. The samples were taken in 18 stations which 7 stations located in Inner Ambon Bay, 1 station in the sill, and 8 stations in Outer Ambon Bay. All samples were preserved in bottle containing 4% formaldehyde and then analyzed using microscope. We also used CTD equipment to measure the vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature and salinity from the surface into 10m depths. The result showed that the distribution of temperature and salinity in Ambon Bay were varied following the season. The total abundance of zooplankton in Ambon Bay was fluctuated between 403-42097 ind./m3 following the season. The highest average abundance of zooplankton occurred in March (northwest monsoon) where the temperature was higher than other season. The lowest average abundance occurred in April (transition) where the salinity was lower than other season. The number of Copepods from genus Acrocalanus and Eucalanus were presented in all season. In southwest monsoon, spawning of Annelida and Echinoderm larvae were the most indicated larvae. Meanwhile, in southeast monsoon we indicated that the Copepod eggs and larvae as the most abundance in the waters.
Kelvin wave propagation along the southern coasts of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands generated by Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Phase 3
Authors: Ningsih N S , Kusmarani A M , Hanifah F
Published: October 2019

Kelvin wave propagation along the southern coasts of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands generated by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) phase 3 (April 28 – May 6, 2004) has been studied by using sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data simulated by a 1/8° global version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), satellite-observed outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data, and zonal wind data. In order to investigate the influences of MJO known as the intraseasonal oscillation (30–90 days), analysis of the data was carried out after 10–100 days band-pass filtering. The analysis results show that the intraseasonal oscillation SSHA along the coasts of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands generally have a spectral peak at 91 days associated with the spectral peak of the MJO, except for Sunda Strait (61 days), southern coast of West Java (55 days), Sawu Sea (58 days), and Ombai Strait (100 days). Further analysis suggests that the MJO phase 3 generates Kelvin waves propagating eastward along the coasts of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands with phase speed ranging from 2.56 to 3.85 m/s.
Size distribution of Strombus luhuanus Linnaeus, 1758 in Oma coastal waters, Central Maluku, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Haumahu S , Uneputty Pr A , Lewerissa Y A
Published: October 2019

Strombus luhuanus is a marine mesogastropod known as strawberry conch belongs to the Strombidae family. This species is consumed by the coastal community in Maluku province and collected by people at various shell size. The objective of this research was to determine the temporal size distribution and the size difference between its sexes. Sampling was conducted in Oma coastal water, Central Maluku, Eastern Indonesia. A specimen of S. luhuanus collected randomly during low tide from April to July 2018. Some characters of S. luhuanus were measured including shell length, shell width, spire height, and lip thickness. The result of this research showed that shell length of this species varied between 30.81 mm and 55.20 mm; the shell width varied from 16.33 mm to 32.25 mm; its spire height varied between 5.00 mm and 15.20 mm, while the lip thickness varied from 0.10 mm to 5.54 mm. The average of shell length, shell width and spire height of S. luhuanus were high in June sampling period compared to another sampling periods, whereas lip thickness of this species was high in July sampling. Based on its sex, the shell size parameters measured in our study were higher in female specimen than the male one. The size groups of this gastropods were dominated by 38.79-47.39 mm in shell length. Lip thickness of the shell showed that S. luhuanus was in developing stage of growth in this study and S. luhuanus showed sexual dimorphism.
Comparison of lung function between breath-holding diving and non-breath-holding diving fishermen in Ambon city
Authors: Luhulima J , Oetama E C , Mainase J
Published: October 2019

Breath-hold diving is a traditional method used by fishermen to catch fish or other marine organisms. When humans hold their breath during diving, generally their body will develop physiological changes, and with regular exercise, this can improve the lung function. Based on many studies reported, there is an increase in lung function in breath-hold diving fishermen. The objective of this study was to analyze the comparison of pulmonary function between breath-hold diving fishermen and non-divers fishermen in Ambon. This study uses analytical methods with a cross-sectional approach using primary data of 15 breath-hold divers and 15 non-divers fishermen sample with same background of healthy behavior. The pulmonary function differences between breath-hold diving fishermen and non-diving fishermen were analyzed using t-student test. Pulmonary function parameters i.e. VC, FVC, and FEV1% was measured using spirometer. The results of this study showed that mean value of lung function comparison between breath-hold diving fishermen and non-breath lung function fishermen in vital capacity (VC) ratio was 3.48 ± 0.5 vs. 3.01 ± 0.63 (t
α(2)0.05:P = 0‘03), forced vital capacity (FVC) was 2.19 ± 0.45 vs. 1.84 ± 0.46 (t
α(2)0.05:P = 0.045), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) was 91.46 ± 9.12 vs. 83.44 ± 10.3 (t
α(2)0.05:P = 0.03). The lung function comparison in breath-hold diving fishermen and non-diver fishermen showed that there is a significant difference in lung function between breath-hold fishermen and non-diver fishermen. The conclusion of the research is, with the same background of life behavior, the lung function of breath-hold diving fishermen is better than non-diver fishermen.
The potential of Rhizophora mucronata extracts to protect tiger prawn from pathogenenic infections
Authors: Saptiani G , Asikin A N , Ardhani F , Hardi E H
Published: October 2019

The research aims to study Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract to inhibit and protects tiger prawn from pathogens infection. The leaves of R. mucronata were chopped, dried, macerated and extracted in three different solvents, namely ethanol, water and see water. In vitro inhibitory tests were performed using disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration methods. The in vivo test on tiger prawn was given by submersion, which then tested with Vibrio harveyi and Saprolegnia sp. The observation and inspection covered clinical symptom, pathological anatomy, total vibrio count, survival rate, and Relative Percentage of Survival. The result showed that mangrove leaves extract can inhibit pathogens on tiger prawn, improve survival rate and relative persentage of survival. The best R. mucronata extract that can inhibit and protect the tiger prawn from pathogen infection is ethanol extract 1,250-1,500 ppm, followed by water extract 1,500 ppm, and sea water extract 1,500 ppm
An application of statistical methods on sustainable pricing mechanism for waste container recycling in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu E , Kuo C-M
Published: October 2019

Waste containers generated by households are recycled under 4-in-1 recycling program in Taiwan for more than 20 years. Along with the development of circular economy, waste recycling has become increasingly important. Recycling fund plays an important role in keeping the recycling system running. Developing a sustainable pricing mechanism for the recycling system is an important but sophisticate issue. This study aims to use statistical methods including sampling design, regression model, ratio estimation, and cost estimation model to carry out a sustainable pricing mechanism, which can not only reflect the reality of recycling market but also comply with circular economy. The sustainable pricing mechanism proposed by this study first considers recycling cost, recycling revenue, recycling performance, as well as balance of recycling fund, and then sets differential pricing mechanism based on the product designs and recycling technologies. It is also a floating pricing mechanism that responds to monthly economic changes. This study takes waste container recycling as an example for statistical modelling. The statistical methods used in this study can also be applied for other solid waste recycling items.
Investigation of biosolid-compost produced by high-temperature fermentation process
Authors: Chang J H , Adhikari S , Ng D Q , Shen S F , Dong C D , Shen S Y
Published: October 2019

Disposal of biosolids has been paid a due attention in Taiwan owing to their increasing amounts in the recent years. As there is no special landfill for biosolids dumping in Taiwan, transformation of biosolids to compost could be one of the suitable means of disposal. The study aimed to investigate the use of high-temperature fermentation technique to produce biosolid compost and examine the quality of bio-solid compost produced. Biosolids collected from a municipal wastewater treatment plant were treated by electro-kinetics to remove heavy metals and mixed with some agricultural wastes (mushroom waste and chicken excreta) to transform into the compost by a high-temperature (130°C) fermentation process. Prior and post to fermentation, the concentration of heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria in the biosolid-compost were determined. Results indicated that concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in the compost after fermentation was within the soil control standard of Taiwan EPA. The pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and parasitic ova in the final compost were within the government criteria. Biosolid compost was then applied as a soil improvement material to compare the relative growth (with a control) of red leaf shovel within the campus premises. The plants in the plot with biosolid compost demonstrated a better growth than the same plants in the control.
Validating the usefulness and calibration of a two-dimensional situation model of urgency-adaptability for cities responding to climate change — Taking Shenzhen as case study
Authors: Li F , Uthes S , Yang X , Lai Y P , Gao N N
Published: October 2019

Climate change is a major challenge for human sustainable and urban governance mode. A Two-Dimensional Urgency-Adaptability Situation Model for Cities Responding to Climate Change was constructed in this study to evaluate cities adaptation capacity to climate change. The model evaluated city adaptability in five aspects: social and economic development, disaster response, urban planning adaptation, science and technology and policy management. To verify the effectiveness of the model, Shenzhen was chosen as a case, which had a start in climate change adaptation as a developed coastal city in China. The result shows that Shenzhen should further focus on enhancing its urban planning adaptability in the aspects including green construction, planning and design, as well as city renovation and regeneration. The Urgency-Adaptability Situation Model helps to make policy suggestions aiming at enhancing the climate adaptability of cities.
Study on macro-microscopic properties and separated technology of waste residue
Authors: Wang J , Zeng Q J , Dong Z L , Zhou H X
Published: October 2019

The rapid growth of solid waste has posed a serious threat to the urban environment and the safety of groundwater. This paper relies on the land formation project of Shenzhen Marine emerging Industrial Base. Waste residue is used as filling material for landfilling. In this paper, macro and micro tests, heavy metal and organic matter content tests of waste residue and underground silt were carried out. The physical mechanics, microscopic properties and pollution degree were analysed. The separation technology of waste residue is also studied. The results show that the composition of the waste residue is complex. The contents of heavy metals and organic pollutants did not exceed the risk control standard of construction land. The physical properties and pollution requirements of waste residue used in landfilling are put forward. The technology of three-step separation and separation of waste residue is put forward.
Analysis and research on the plan of Yihe River rerouting line
Authors: Liu L L , Wu X D , Ma L , Liu Q S
Published: October 2019

The Yihe river channel is from Liujiadoukou to Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. By analyzing the restricting factors of the basic conditions of the resume navigation of the inland river, this paper puts forward three line schemes, and carries on the utilization of river and waterway, the guarantee of the water resources, sluice dam and bridge, artificial canal. It is concluded that line 3 is the optimal rerouting line. The optimal line is obtained: Liujiadaokou Sluice→Sulu Boundary→ Shiba Village→ Huangnihe River→Chenghe River→Beijing-hang Canal. The total length of the waterway is 86.2 km, of which 54.5 km is in Shandong Province and 31.7 km in Jiangsu Province.
Mechanism of sediment transport by flood and longitudinal peak discharge amplifications in the Yellow River
Authors: Qi H H , Qi P , Sun Z Y , Zhang S A
Published: October 2019

As the general principle of river bed evolution during the fluvial process, the channel is formed by river flows, while the movement of river flows is contained by channels. When the hyperconcentrated flood propagates along the wandering reach of the Yellow River, the peak discharge of the flood can increase along the reach. Due to the recurrence of this phenomenon, attentions have been drawn from various stakeholders, since the amplifications of flood peak can jeopardize flood control works. By analyzing the field observed data, we present our research findings of “scour during rising” and “deposit during falling” of a flood event, as well as the sediment transport mechanism with constant discharge. The bedform affects the characteristics of sediment transport and the resistance force. When the bedform is in the dynamic equilibrium state, sediment transport characteristics can be described as “the more sediment input, the more sediment output”. When the shear stress created by flow acting on bed is increasing, scour is observed on the channel bed. On the contrary, when shear stress is decreasing, deposition is observed. When the shear stress remains the same, sediment transport is in the equilibrium state. After the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, due to coarsen of the bed material, the bedform resistance increased. When the flow condition changes and the bed roughness decreased abruptly, the increasing flow velocity can result in the reduction of channel storage volume. This is the main reason for the longitudinal amplifications of peak discharge in the wandering reach of the Yellow River.
Experimental study of axial compression on new types of CFST column-RC beam joints after the low-cycle reversed loading test
Authors: Liu Y S , Ma H , Wang W J , Wang Q Q , Li Z B
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the axial compression tests were carried out on the concrete filled steel tube (CFST) column-reinforced concrete (RC) beam joints connected by steel plates and studs after the low-cycle reversed loading test. The failure mode, steel tube strain and ultimate bearing capacity of new types joints were discussed under axial compression load. The comparative study with the specimen of CFST column was conducted. The results showed that new types CFST column-RC beam joints maintain good axial compression performance after the low-cycle reversed test loading at the beam ends. The specimens were designed following the principle of “strong column-weak beam”. The low-cycle reversed loading had little effect on the axial bearing capacity of the CFST column, but the damaged RC beams of the joints had certain influence on the failure mode of the columns under axial compression.
An empirical research on the relationship between water quality, climate change and economic development in Jiulong River Watershed
Authors: Liu Guangsheng
Published: October 2019

Climate change and economy development are key factors affecting the future of water quality in urbanized catchments. Under the dual influences of climate change and human activities, water environment problems become prominently, especially in coastal watershed of higher urbanization, concentrated populations. Thus, this study focuses on the relationships between economic growth, climate change and water quality in the Jiulong River Watershed (JRW). The results showed that inorganic nitrogen and phosphate nutrient increased significantly, and the river basin showed a trend of warm and humidification. The wind speed and sunshine duration decreased significantly. The results of principal component analysis showed that economic development play a leading role in the evolution of estuary water environment, and the influence of climate change cannot be ignored. Economic growth and climate change contribute to the deterioration of water quality. Water resource shortages and water pollutions are the big challenges for water resources management. This study will be conductive to the water environmental pollution control and management.
Study on water purification ability and permeability of different filter materials in LID-type ditch
Authors: Lzhu M , Chen Y
Published: October 2019

In rural areas of China, sewage is often discharged to ditch directly without any treatment. We propose a new type of ditch based on Low Impact Development (LID) strategy by replacing bed soil in rural ditch with mixed filter material of approximately 30cm in thickness. This new type of ditch is so-called LID-type ditch having the function of storage, penetration, purification and drainage. Four basic materials, red loam, sand, gravel and zeolite, are used to create 3 types of mixed filter materials by evenly mixing these basic materials with different mass ratios. Their saturated permeability coefficients and water purification ability are measured and compared. Results indicate that all 3 types of mixed filter materials are suitable to apply to LID-type ditch, and the all outflows meet the water quality standard for farmland irrigation. The best mixed filter material is type 1 with 50% of red loam, 30% of sand, 10% of gravel, and 10% of zeolite, it has removal rate for TP as high as 81.31% and average removal rate of 47.09% for TP, TN, NH3-N, COD, BOD5.
Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources
Authors: Zhuang X.W. , Li Y.P. , Nie S. , Huang G.H.
Published: October 2019

In this study, the effect of changes in daily temperature (minimum temperature and maximum temperature) during the baseline period on daily streanflow has been analyzed. The stepwise cluster analysis method is able to use a generated cluster tree to express the complex and nonlinear relationships between predictors and predictands. The results can be found that different characteristics of air temperature and precipitation exist during different seasons. Besides, the change of water resources can be indicated and is affected both by changes of climate factors and economic consequences. The most significant findings are that the simulated streamflow under various downscaling climate projections shows an increasing trend from future to recent periods.
Optimization of electrospinning parameters and degradation properties for Gelatin/CMC nanofibers
Authors: Jongwuttanaruk K. , Surin P. , Wiwatwongwana F.
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to enhance strength of Nanofiber like Biopolymer as raw material for characterization which is popularly used in food and cosmetic industry and as medical material because it did not hazardously affect human body. This study employed Nano fiber characterization with Electrospinning Method by using gelatin/CMC, common and inexpensive biopolymer with cellulose that could strengthen Nanofiber.The fabrication of fiber scaffold by electrospinning method produced nano-fiber by dissolving gelatin in organic solvent, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, and dissolving CMC in DI water. The design of experiment was surface responds and 3 factors were analyzed including 1) gelatin concentration varied from 8-12%, CMC concentration in range of 0.6-1.0% and 3) mixture percent of CMC in range of 10-30%. After the test of tension, the highest value was 13.99Mpaderived from gelatin with 10.64% concentration, CMC with 0.81%concentration and mixture of CMC with 17.79% concentration. After that, the work piece obtained from mixing CMC with concentration at 10, 20 and 30%, 10% Gelatin and 0.80%CMC as constant due to highest volume of product from such 3 values, was tested for decomposition compared with pure-scaffold gelatin. The findings revealed that decomposition rate of CMC mixture at 20% concentration was slowest and it could be found that the result of tension testing and decomposition testing was consistent. That is, 10% Gelatin, 0.8% CMC and 20% CMC mixture gave the best value in both experiments. Additionally, it was obvious that pure-scaffold gelatin took only 1 hour to totally decompose while CMC mixture at 10%, G91 that degraded entirely in 24 hours, CMC mixture at 30%,G73 degraded in 48 hours, CMC mixture at 20%,G82 degraded in 54 hours to decompose entirely with CMC mixture. It means that using CMC which is cellulose derivative as ingredient in scaffold gelatin could strengthen it better.
Bending strength and Biological properties of PLA-HA composites for femoral canine bone fixation plate
Authors: Sadudeethanakul Saksorn , Wattanutchariya Wassanai , Nakkiew Wasawat , Chaijaruwanich Anirut , Pitjamit Siwasit
Published: October 2019

This research is based on the purposes to find suitable hot compression conditions of composites materials, also to optimize mechanical and biological properties of the plate specimen. The type of composites materials under this investigation are bio-polymers (polylactic acid: PLA) and bio-ceramic (Hydroxyapatite: HA). In this research, the term “The design of the experiment (DOE)” was implemented to find the relation between forming factors including the ratio of HA ratio, molding temperature, and molding pressure. The result showed that the optimum conditions of the bending test were at 5%wt. of HA, 160 °C, 7 MPa of molding temperature and pressure respectively. Biodegradation rate of a specimen was 0.0175 g/day and the specimens acquired a good biocompatibility and they were non-toxic to living cells.
Optimization of dressing parameters of grinding wheel for 9CrSi tool steel using the taguchi method with grey relational analysis
Authors: Anh Tung Luu , Pi Vu Ngoc , Lien Vu Thi , Thi Hong Tran , Hung Le Xuan , Tien Long Banh
Published: October 2019

This study aims to optimize the dressing parameters of grinding wheel for 9CrSi tool steel to minimize roughness average and flatness tolerance using Taguchi method and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). These objectives are minimized by optimizing four four-level and two two-level dressing parameters in sixteen experiments based on an orthogonal array L16(44×22). Taguchi method and GRA are combined to solve the multi-objective optimization problem and determine optimal dressing parameter level combination. Results show that, the optimal dressing parameters to obtain the minimal roughness average and flatness tolerance are coarse dressing depth of 0.025 mm, coarse dressing times of 3 times, fine dressing depth of 0.005 mm, fine dressing times of 2 times, non-feeding dressing of 3 times and dressing feed rate of 1.6 m/min, respectively. Experiments with the optimized dressing parameters have been done to verify the predict model. Results of the roughness average and flatness tolerance from the experiments match with those values of the models and satisfy practical requirements.
An Integrated Management System of Man-machine Communication for Tailings Pond Based on RSCIC
Authors: Yu Guangming , Yu Yingnian , Liu Junwei , Qiu Ju , Zuo Yanhua , Zeng Xiankun , Dong Xin , Wang Weiquan
Published: October 2019

Tailings pond plays a very important role in the construction of mine engineering. At the same time, tailings pond also produces huge pollution to the environment. If dam break occurs, it will cause loss of people and property. In this paper, a tailings pond management system based on RSCIC is studied, the monitoring content of the system is determined, the more innovative system and hardware are emphasized, the program flow chart of digital processing is put forward. Adopting scientific and effective means to manage the tailing dam automatically can not only strengthen the safety protection of the tailing dam, but also provide a certain theoretical basis for the construction of other digital tailings dam projects.
Effect of process parameters to flexural strength of 3D printed anatomical bone part
Authors: Tajarernmuang T , Sawangrat C , Jomjunyong S
Published: October 2019

Training and practice on synthetic anatomical bone before perform real medical operation is useful for medical student and recently become part of medical procedure. Since there are various factors to considered, the attempt to imitate anatomical bone from medical image data of patient, using technology that based on Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is alternatively developed. Since durability and qualities of 3D printed model depend on process parameters which referred to 3D printer setting, this study aims to investigate effect of essential 3D printer setting parameters involve with mechanical properties of 3D printed anatomical bone part, focused on infill density and layer height, and determine regression model for mechanical strength prediction from selected printing parameters by using experimental design and statistical analysis that based on Design of Experiments (DOE). 2-levelled full factorial experiment was designed, 3 factors including layer height, infill density, and print speed were taken into account. After that, selected 27 Mid-section of femur bone from 3D medical image data were fabricated from filament of Poly-lactic acid (PLA). The models were underwent a three-point bending testing to investigate mechanical properties and statistical analyse to investigate the relationship of parameters.