bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation of Cattle Ranches, Grazing Route and Reserves as Solutions to Herders-Farmers Conflict in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Giwa Muhammad Abubakar , Yusoff Nur Hafizah
Published: February 2024

In order to address the violent disputes between herders and farmers in Northern Nigeria, this article looked at the establishment of ranches, cattle routes, and grazing reserves. It also looked at how conflict is a social reality that exists in all human social systems, whether they are in cities or rural areas. It observes that disagreements are a common cause of conflict, particularly between the two opposing factions, the "herders," who are primarily Fulani and Muslim migrants seeking better pasture for their livestock, and the crop farmers, who are primarily from agrarian backgrounds. For data gathering, the paper used secondary sources such books, journals, articles, newspapers and other internet sources. The study discovered that there are a number of reasons why farmers and herdsmen in Northern Nigeria clash. Climate change badly executed government policies, illiteracy, a lack of a solid Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism (ADRM), anger and hostility brought on by the loss of life and property, and so forth are a few of these. The report suggested that pasture areas, livestock routes, and ranches be established in order to settle the disputes. The report also suggested that in order to stop the threat, the Federal Government of Nigeria should set up a practical ADRM and make sure that policies are implemented effectively. Additionally, it recommended a broad education campaign to inform the opposing sides of the risks their ceaseless fighting poses to Nigeria's progress as a developing nation.
Using transformed equation of electroneutrality when carrying out technological calculations of water treatment at thermal power and nuclear power plants
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Bushuev E.N.
Published: February 2024

When performing technological calculations of water treatment units for thermal power plants (TPP) and nuclear power plants (NPP), it is necessary to determine the quality indicators of process water after the processing steps. The main difficulty is to calculate the concentrations of weak electrolytes since they are in chemical equilibrium with all forms of dissipation. Currently, for each type of processing, either simplified models or methods that solve a complex computational problem are used for calculations. It is necessary to develop a universal mathematical model that allows high accuracy to calculate the concentrations of weak electrolytes and the pH value for various types of water treatment. To develop the model the authors have applied the method of mathematical modeling of chemical-technological processes at thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. A mathematical model based on the transformed equation of electrical neutrality is proposed. It can be used to determine the equilibrium concentrations of dissociation forms of weak electrolytes (primarily water itself and carbonic acid) after various stages of water treatment. The proposed model allows, when conducting technological calculations of water treatment plants, to more accurately and universally calculate the concentrations of weak electrolytes and determine the pH value in process waters for various types of water treatment. The model can be used to determine the required doses of chemical reagents to ensure the required values of technological indicators (pH and Langelier index) in treated water.
Modeling the operation of SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit and study of influence of operating and climatic factors on the stability of combustion in combustion chamber
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Muravyov I.K. , Shinkevich D.A. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: February 2024

When regulating gas turbine units, it is necessary to be confident in the stable combustion process in the combustion chambers, considering the dynamics of the processes and changes of external climatic factors. Many scientific studies are devoted to the problems of experimental research and mathematical modeling of processes in combustion chambers. The possibilities of flame failure, expansion of the lower limit of combustion, determination of the stable position of the flame front and other issues have been assessed. Even though the problem of design of mathematical models and their use remains relevant. The purpose of this research is to model and study the influence of operation and climatic factors on the stability of combustion in the combustion chamber of the SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit. The subject of the research is the SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit with a low-emission combustion chamber. The simulation model of the gas turbine unit has been developed in the environment of dynamic modeling of technical systems SimInTech. The research is carried out using theoretical methods of calculating fuel combustion, thermodynamic foundations of the theory of gas turbine engines, methods of mathematical and simulation modeling, as well as data from the archive of automated process control systems. A simulation model of SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit has been developed. It is distinguished by the ability to assess the proximity of the compressor operating mode to the stability limit and determine the boundaries of stable combustion procedure in the combustion chamber, considering environmental climatic factors. The authors have studied the stability of the compressor and combustion chamber. The results of the experimental studies of a gas turbine unit in the operating load range from 113 to 282 MW and in the range of outside air temperature from –12 to 30 °C have shown that the combustion process in the combustion chamber is unvarying over the entire operational stress spectrum. The results obtained are verified by comparing model values with technological parameters of a gas turbine unit taken from the archive of the power plant control system. The authors have assessed the influence of electrical load on the performance indicators of a gas turbine unit at outdoor temperatures of +30, +15 and –12 °C. According to the results of simulation modeling, the model of SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit is found to be adequate. The developed model can be used as a tool at the stage of functional and technological design of automated control systems for the development of effective automatic control systems.
Increasing energy efficiency of gas piston TPP through integrated use of thermal secondary energy resources
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Yanchenko I.V. , Kurnakova N.Y. ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Nuzhdin A.V. ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI)
Published: February 2024

Recently, the advantages and prospects to use piston gas internal combustion engines for the combined generation of electrical and thermal energy have become increasingly obvious. The range of single capacities of gas piston units (GPU) ranges from 0,1 MW to tens of MW, which makes them more attractive when designing various power facilities. Most brands of gas piston units can operate in co-generation mode, that is, as a combined heat and power plant that simultaneously generates electrical and thermal energy. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the possibility of integrated use of heat of the cooling systems of the gas piston engine of a thermal power plant (TPP). The studies conducted are carried out using well-known methods of thermodynamic calculation of the internal combustion engine cycle, of determination of the components of its thermal balance and thermal calculation of the equipment for utilization of secondary thermal energy resources. The results of the analysis of the heat losses of the GPU drive engine have showed that the total losses during its operation are about 11544,5 kW. Average potential heat losses with flue gases are 45,87 %, and low-potential heat losses with water in cooling systems and oil in lubrication systems are 53,14 %. A schematic diagram is proposed for the integrated utilization of thermal renewable energy resources (RES) at a gas piston thermal power plant. The main difference between the proposed scheme and the existing technical solutions is the utilization of the heat of the low-temperature charge air cooling system after the second section of the compressor and the heat of the engine lubrication system. An analysis of the expenditure part of the energy balance of the drive engine in case of the integrated use of thermal RES in the GPU cycle, has showed that the implementation of energy-saving measures will make it possible to usefully use up to 93,05 % of the supplied energy in the generation of electrical and thermal power.
Study of parameters of production of granular fuel from peat
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Golovanova I.I. , Terekhin A.P. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Maryandyshev P.A. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Published: February 2024

Granulation technology is becoming an increasingly attractive one for the energy use of biomass. The problem to find a suitable method of compaction of various types of biomasses has existed for decades. The purpose of this study is to select the optimal mode to produce pellets from peat fuel. Peat samples collected in the Mezen district of the Arkhangelsk region have been selected as the data for study. Elemental analysis of the studied samples of peat and peat pellets has been carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on an EDX-8000 spectrometer. Experiments on peat granulation have been carried out in a press granulator of the German company Amandus Kahl. The authors describe the procedure of selection of the operating mode of a press granulator to produce pellets from peat fuel. Optimal regime of pellets production has been selected corresponding to the national standard. An elemental analysis of the studied samples of peat and peat pellets has been carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results have shown that the ash content of peat fuel from the Arkhangelsk region is no more than 2 %. Production of environmentally friendly high-calorific pellets from peat corresponding to the National Russian standards allows increasing the energy potential of the Arkhangelsk region. When converting peat into the pellets, the content of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen (C+N+H) increases, and the content of sulfur and oxygen (O+S) decreases, which leads to the increase of the heat of fuel combustion. Advantages of the use of peat to produce energy are low sulfur content, low ash content and high softening ash temperature.
Semantic and Syntactic Range of Old English Nominalisations with Aspectual Verbs
Authors: Ojanguren López Ana Elvira
Published: February 2024

This article analyses the complementation of Old English verbs of aspect by means of nominalisations. Three types of derived nominals are distinguised: deverbal nominals that entail a verbal predication but do not take complements of their own; direct nominalisations (with Actor or Undergoer genitive); and oblique nominalisations. The main conclusion of the article is that, to the sources of the English gerund identified by Lass (1992), others should be added, including suffixes (such as -ung, -ness and -t) and affixless derivation from strong and weak verbs. It is also a conclusion of this study that Old English already provides evidence of the acquisition of verbal properties by deverbal nominalisations, such as nominalisations with direct objects and voice distinctions.
Characteristics of cataract patients who underwent cataract surgery in H. L. Manambai Abdulkadir hospital Sumbawa
Authors: Paramita Anak A. D. , Wibowo Aloysius A. , Warnerin Eka B. P.
Published: February 2024

Background: Cataract is a clouding of the natural intraocular crystalline lens that can cause decrease in vision and may lead to blindness. Worldwide, cataracts are number one cause of preventable blindness. Cataract surgery is the most effective intervention regardless of its etiology. The purpose of this study was to obtain characteristics of cataract patients who underwent cataract surgery in H. L. Manambai Abdulkadir hospital Sumbawa based on cataract types, sex, age, comorbidities, initial visual acuity, and surgery methods.
Methods: A quantitative study at H. L. Manambai Abdulkadir hospital Sumbawa. Consecutive, non-random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. This study enrolled 317 cataract patients who underwent cataract surgery.
Results: Of the 317 patients, 172 (54.26%) were men, 301 (94.95%) senile cataract, 141 (44.48%) bilateral case, 210 (66.25%) initial visual acuity <3/60, 43 (13.56%) with diabetes mellitus. Two hundred and seventy eight (88.54%) underwent phacoemulsification surgery, with 303 (95.58%) experienced visual acuity improvement.
Conclusions: Most of cataracts patients who underwent cataract surgery were men, most surgery were done by phacoemulsification method. Senile cataract and bilateral case are the most common case. Patients had visual acuity improvement after cataract surgery.
Prevalence of Bombay phenotype among Bangladeshi ‘O’ blood group population
Authors: Islam Shaheen Sheikh Saiful , Khatun Ayesha , Rahman Atiar , Sonia Farah Anjum , Fedous Jannatul
Published: February 2024

Background: The Bombay blood group, a rare type often confused with ‘O’, poses a critical transfusion risk, requiring specific compatibility with Bombay (Oh) blood. With a lack of data in Bangladesh, this study aimed to establish a comprehensive database for the rare Bombay phenotype, crucial for transfusion safety. Objective was to determine the frequency prevalence of Bombay phenotype among ‘O’ blood group individuals.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2020 to June 2021 involved, aseptic collection of 3 ml venous blood sample, with forward and reverse blood grouping revealing a ‘O’ phenotype. Utilizing anti-H lectin resolved discrepancies and confirmed the absence of ‘H’ antigen in individuals with Bombay blood groups. Blood samples of Bombay phenotype individuals showed the following reactions: anti-A (-), anti-B (-), anti-AB (-), anti-H (-), A cells 4+, B cells 4+, O cells 4+.
Results: Among 10,000 individuals with apparent blood group ‘O’, 99.97% were identified as ‘O’ blood type, while only 0.03% exhibited the rare Bombay blood group. ABO and Rh-D blood group frequencies varied over the study period, with B +ve at the highest (28.31%) and AB -ve at the lowest (0.21% to 0.23%). Overall, O +ve had the highest frequency (97.29%), and Bombay blood group was rare, with ‘O’ dominating at 99.97%.
Conclusions: The study identified a 0.03% prevalence of the Bombay phenotype. Due to its potential confusion with ‘O’ blood group, transfusing ‘O’ blood to Bombay individuals carries a substantial risk of severe hemolytic reactions, including fatal consequences.
Seroma formation after modified radical mastectomy: analysing risk factors and incidence
Authors: Kumari Chandrakala , Narain N. P.
Published: February 2024

Background: Breast cancer is a prevalent form that affects women and is a leading cause of death among women. The development of seroma is a frequent complication that can arise after breast cancer surgery, and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Consequently, data was collected to analyze the occurrence and factors that contribute to the development of seroma in patients. We aimed to enhance our comprehension and ultimately discover methods to mitigate it.
Methods: A prospective group research study was conducted on a sample of 86 female patients who underwent mastectomy from August 2020 to August 2023. This study was carried out as part of the senior residency program at Nalanda Medical College and Hospital in Patna, Bihar, India. Patients who develop seroma within four weeks of surgery are usually recommended to undergo, specifically ultrasonography, and radiological evaluation to determine the size.
Results: 27 out of 86 patients (31%) were found to have seroma. Several factors are closely linked to the development of seroma. Factors that may contribute to increased risk The minimum age at which seroma production occurs following MRM ≥56 or older, having a BMI of 26.50 or higher, a tumour measuring 4 cm or larger undergoing the removal of more than 12 lymph nodes, and having a level 3 axillary dissection.
Conclusions: After surgery, a certain group of people in the study experienced seroma formation within four weeks. These individuals had undergone MRM. Age, BMI, tumour size, level 3 axillary dissection, the removal of more than 12 lymph nodes during surgery, and the occurrence of seroma after MRM were found to be positively correlated. There was no observed connection between seroma production and a range of factors, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the timing of drain removal, shoulder workouts, and the use of breast bandages.
Efficacy and safety of apremilast versus dapsone versus colchicine in recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a three arm double blinded comparative study
Authors: Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Arora Aakanksha , Yadav Ashish
Published: February 2024

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is often considered as an incurable ailment. Therefore, an effective management option is required for controlling the symptoms and severity of RAS. We aimed to conduct a study to compare the effectiveness and safety profile of apremilast, dapsone and colchicine in management of RAS.
Methods: This three-arm double blinded comparative study included 60 cases of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Twenty patients each were randomly allocated in three groups: group A (apremilast), group B (dapsone) and group C (colchicine).
Results: At the end of 6 weeks, the complete response was seen in 6 (30%) patients in group A as compared to 2 (10%) and 4 (20%) patients in group B and C (p >0.05). At the end of 12 weeks, response rate became statistically significant (p=0.003) with complete response in 14 (70%) of patients. Median time to recurrence, defined as oral ulcer after loss of complete response, was significantly increased to 4.3 weeks in group A as compared to group B and C. The most commonly encountered side effects were gastrointestinal in all three groups. None of the adverse effects resulted in discontinuation of treatment, hospitalization or death in any patient.
Conclusions: Although, traditional therapies like dapsone and colchicine have been commonly used in clinical practice, apremilast yielded a rapid and maintained improvement of RAS.
Impact of adverse drug reaction on quality of life in drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Chatterjee Siddharth , Pandey Arvind
Published: February 2024

Background: India has largest population of drug resistant tuberculosis, the treatment of which is long and full of adverse drug reactions. Despite the ongoing research in clinical and pharmacological aspects, quality of life in drug-resistant tuberculosis remains less explored. This study aims to study the quality of life in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients before and after treatment of the adverse drug reactions.
Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study done in the at tertiary care center in Surat, from January 2019 to February 2020, enrolling patients above 18 years, with multi-drug/ extensively drug resistant tuberculosis, who suffered > 1 adverse drug reaction after commencing treatment. SF-36 was administered at start of treatment and after treatment of first adverse drug reaction, and scores compared. Paired Student T Test was used for comparison of pre - post scores. p -value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
Results: Among the 120 patients studied, majority (87.5%) were had pulmonary tuberculosis. 92.5% and 7.2% were multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant respectively. A significant improvement in QOL scores was seen in all 3 domains post treatment of adverse drug reaction- physical domain: After vs. Before: 55.2±6.8 vs. 25.2±4.2; (p-value < 0.0001), mental domain: After vs. Before: 66.8±6.7 vs. 39.4±2.1; (p-value < 0.0001) and social domain After vs. Before: 65.4±5.5 vs. 39.7±2.0; p-value < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Drug-resistant tuberculosis along with its associated adverse drug reactions greatly impacts the quality of life in all domains. However, prevention and effective treatment of such adverse effects, especially in systematic protocolised manner can do wonders in improving the life of these patients.
Study of automated hematology analyzer’s scatterplot patterns in white blood cell disorders
Authors: Tailor Tanvi , Jivani Toral , Jagirdar Ami , Patel Shilpa
Published: February 2024

Background: Automated hematology analyzers produce scattergrams that can be used as screening tool for various hematological conditions and efficiently shorten turnaround times. Aim was to study scattergram patterns of various while blood cell disorders and assess their efficacy compared to a peripheral blood smear for diagnosis of various disorders.
Methods: Scattergram findings generated by UniCel® DxH 800 automated hematology analyzer, a 5-part differential analyzer. The graphic displays have been compiled over a period of 3 months from blood samples received for CBC. Samples that the counter flagged as abnormal for white blood cell were chosen. Based on the scatterplots, a preliminary diagnosis was formed. It was compared with the peripheral blood smear (PBS) findings which were taken as the gold standard.
Results: The scatterplots showed unique patterns for various disorders on the basis of location, shape, size, density of the cells and their clustering. The scattergram analyser showed 90% sensitivity and 88% specificity for diagnosing hematological disorders. A 97-100% accuracy rate was reported showing excellent correlation between PBS result and WBC parameter result in cell counter analyzers.
Conclusions: Not all cases of haematological malignancy exhibit cytopenias or cytosis at initial presentation. Therefore, these scatter plots offer helpful information that prompts a hematopathologist to suspiciously screen the peripheral smear in cases with normal counts. Scattergram analysis suspects a diagnosis earlier than peripheral smear examination. Given their strong correlation with a variety of WBC disorders and confirmed by PBS, WBC scatterplots can be used as a screening tool.
Comparison of outcomes of acute kidney injury in elderly and non-elderly hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital in India: a prospective observational study
Authors: Sindhu Devada , Sharma Gaurav Shekhar , Dhar Minakshi , Kumari Ranjeeta , Kandari Sharon , Saini Sandeep , Dhoot Dipesh K. , Cheluvaiah Chandrashekhar , Koley Himadri
Published: February 2024

Background: The prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) progressively increases with age. A higher rate of dialysis dependency and mortality is observed in elderly with AKI. Here we have studied the comparison of clinical features, outcomes of AKI between elderly (age ³60 years) and non-elderly AKI patients and their risk factors for mortality.
Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 100 patients with AKI, with elderly and non-elderly in a 1:1 ratio for comparison, from September 2021 to January 2023 at AIIMS Rishikesh in India. Detailed history, clinical examination, relevant laboratory and radiological investigations were done to evaluate for the cause of AKI. Etiological causes, complications of AKI, and in-hospital outcomes were observed. They were given standard treatment and dialysis as per standard indications. We analysed the mortality risk of these groups using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results: The in-hospital mortality rates among these two groups were non-significant (p=0.29). A significantly higher number of patients with non-elderly AKI were HD-dependent at discharge (p=0.027). Elderly patients had significantly lesser complications like uremic encephalopathy and fluid overload compared to non-elderly. There was a significant association between mortality and female gender, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, hospital-acquired AKI, pre-renal/renal causes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as comorbidity, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), mechanical ventilation requirement, vasopressor support requirement, need for hemodialysis and prolonged ICU stay.
Conclusions: Elderly patients with AKI do not experience worse mortality outcomes than non-elderly patients with AKI. Therefore, elderly patients should not be denied timely treatment, solely based on their age.
A retrospective study on the surgical management and outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonates
Authors: Gulshan Javaid Iqbal , Raina Sanjay , Wani A. Hamid
Published: February 2024

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a developmental disorder in the anatomy of the diaphragm, which can range from the presence of a thin sac to the frank absence of part of the diaphragm. It results in protrusion of abdominal contents in the chest. CDH once considered as a surgical emergency is no longer a valid dictum. But definitive management of CDH is the surgical correction of defect. Study the demographics, presentation, diagnosis, and surgical outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair without significant associated congenital anomalies at a tertiary care institute.
Methods: This was a retrospective study over 3 years from January 2021 to December 2023. Data was collected and noted from the medical records department. Patient’s clinical data in terms of demography, presentation, radiology, preoperative condition, timing of surgery after admission, intra-operative findings and post-operative course (including postoperative complications, duration of NICU stay, the incidence of sepsis, and need of inotropes), etc.
Results: Most patients were male (85%). Among the total cohort, 70% were born outside the tertiary care institute and were referred from peripheral hospitals. Respiratory distress was the predominant complaint (85%). Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was incidentally discovered in 5% of neonates. The majority of patients (70%) underwent surgical intervention between the 3rd postnatal day and up to one week. Left-sided herniation was observed in 90% of cases. An identifiable hernial sac was found in 18% of patients, with part or the entirety of the stomach being the most frequently encountered herniated viscera.
Conclusions: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) presents as a significant congenital anomaly in the pediatric surgery domain. Hidden mortality in case of CDH leads to underreporting of the actual incidence of the condition. The success of surgical intervention depends on a myriad of factors, encompassing patient-specific attributes and surgical methodologies. However, instances devoid of overt congenital anomalies and featuring stable preoperative physiological parameters typically yield satisfactory surgical outcomes, with favorable results.
Clinical and biological markers for predicting acute respiratory distress syndrome in sepsis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mardaningrat Gede Ari Mahendra , Andrika Putu , Putri Isabella Soerjanto , Aryadi I. Putu Hendri
Published: February 2024

Sepsis is a serious condition that occurs when a person's immune system responds excessively to an infection, causing an inflammatory reaction that damages the body's organs. One of the complications that can occur in sepsis patients is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sepsis and ARDS are conditions with high mortality rates, so it is important to prevent them. This study aims to determine clinical and biological markers that can be used as a reference in predicting ARDS in sepsis patients, so that prevention efforts can be carried out quickly and precisely. We performed a search in two databases (PubMed and Cochrane) for articles published between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2023 that reported markers or predictors of ARDS in sepsis patients. Eleven studies out of the 360 articles identified, met the inclusion criteria for this review. APACHE II score (MD 0.36; 95% CI=0.15-0.56), sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) score (Mean difference (MD)=0.50; 95% CI=0.04-0.97), CRP (MD=0.75; 95% CI=0.46-1.04), SP-D (MD=0.70; 95% CI=0.51-0.90), and serum receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) (MD=0.72; 95% CI=0.59-0.84) have a significant influence on the incidence of ARDS in sepsis patients. Overall, the findings of a meta-analysis that included 11 studies involving 6,623 patients showed that the APACHE II score, SOFA score, CRP, SP-D, and sRAGE showed statistically significant values.
Effect of photo-biomodulation therapy in decreasing postoperative pain after surgical removal of third molars compared to other treatment therapies: a systematic review
Authors: Ganguly Shreya , Das Asish K. , Burman Subhasish , Maji Abhijit , Khatua Abhishek
Published: February 2024

Post-operative pain, discomfort, and trismus are common postoperative complications after surgical extraction of third molars. Various therapeutic approaches like prescribing analgesic drugs, corticosteroids, and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are followed to reduce these complications. Photo-biomodulation therapy (PBMT) utilizes a monochromatic light source that shows effects in all phases of inflammation by reducing edema, redness, heat, and pain. In vivo studies were searched to evaluate postoperative pain levels in patients who underwent photo-biomodulation therapy following extraction of impacted third molars. A comprehensive search was done from January 2023 to July 2023 in PubMed electronic databases. In addition, a manual search of the references mentioned in the studies and gray literature was done. The literature search yielded a total of 157 studies through a search in the electronic database PubMed. Among all the studies, 51 duplicate records were removed. Ninety-seven studies were removed after screening of titles and abstracts. A total of 9 studies were included for full-text reading. Five studies were included (one randomized single-blind study, two randomized double-blind split-mouth studies, and two randomized clinical trials) in the review. Four out of five studies that were included in this review demonstrated a positive impact of PBMT on reducing pain, especially during the post-operative period compared to other non-surgical treatment protocols. Photo-biomodulation therapy demonstrated an overall positive impact on reducing postoperative complications like edema and trismus.
Effect of an acute bout strength training on executive function among college students: a pilot study
Authors: Jani Priyaben A. , Verma Neha
Published: February 2024

Executive functions are built such as reasoning, problem solving and planning. Even mild form of executive dysfunction might hamper everyday activities depending on the work and situation, which requires various cognitive domains. Strength exercises are able to increase the anti-inflammatory balance with an increase in cognition and better physical performance. Aim of the study was to evaluate the acute bout effect of strength training on executive function among college students. 10 participants were divided into control and intervention group for experimental study performed at SPB physiotherapy college. Consent was taken from the participants. Only one session of 30 minutes was performed by intervention group. Intervention group performed 10 repetitions of 12 exercise per set and 2 sets per session. Warm up and cool down was performed by participants. Pre and post measures of trail making test B was recorded as outcome measure for executive function. Trail making test score was significantly improved immediately after strength training with p value <0.05 suggesting improvement in executive function. The study concluded that Strength training has greater immediate impact on executive function among college students
Not an innocent bystander: case series of tranexamic acid induced cortical necrosis
Authors: Hande Madhav , Khan Mohammed F. , Babu Kishore , Siddini Vishwanath , Rampure Sanjay
Published: February 2024

Acute cortical necrosis accounts for <2% of all acute kidney injuries. Pregnancy complications, viperine snake bites, haemolytic uremic syndrome, shock, and severe pancreatitis are all linked to it. There are relatively few case reports of acute cortical necrosis secondary to tranexamic acid, which is utilised in the treatment of acute bleeding because of its antifibrinolytic actions. Acute cortical necrosis is very infrequently brought on by medicines. Here, we present a group of three instances, each of which experienced the onset of oligo-anuria soon after receiving tranexamic acid. Cortical necrosis was demonstrated by contrast computed tomography (CT) and renal biopsy. While the third patient had patchy cortical necrosis and had partially recovered renal functions, the other two patients both had total acute cortical necrosis and are still reliant on dialysis. This case series demonstrates the need for clinicians to be cautious while using tranexamic acid and to be aware of the possibility of abrupt renal cortical necrosis following its administration.
Gram negative grimness: unveiling prognostic peril of septic pulmonary embolism in a case series
Authors: Chaudhry Kavita , Dutta Shelly , Bhatia Rajat , Sodvadiya Keyur
Published: February 2024

Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a complex condition characterized by the embolization of fibrin-thrombi containing pathogens from an infectious site to pulmonary vasculature, leading to secondary infection. The commonly reported causes are right sided infective endocarditis, septic thrombophlebitis, purulent infections in the skin and soft tissues, pelvic thrombophlebitis, intravascular catheters and liver abscess and the leading organisms implicated are Staphylococcus and Klebsiella. This case series describes three elderly patients with comorbid illnesses and having gram-negative septicemia secondary to Klebsiella, each with sub segmental septic pulmonary emboli and tries to explores the possibility of association of sub segmental SPE as prognostication marker in gram negative sepsis.
Cross-leg flap after free flap failure: a case report
Authors: Azcue Arsenio F. A. , Silva Jorge L. L. , Riera Ricardo F.
Published: February 2024

The cross-leg flap is a technique that has been used for a long time to address defects in the distal third of the leg. Currently, the gold standard for these defects is free flap reconstruction. However, the success of microsurgery is not always guaranteed due to a wide range of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In this study, we present the use of a cross-leg flap as an alternative in the case of free flap failure, performed in the plastic and reconstructive surgery department of the General Hospital of Mexico. The cross-leg flap represents a reliable, simple, and effective alternative when free flaps are not suitable or as a rescue in case of their failure, either due to extrinsic or patient-related causes.
Presacral tumor, experience of two cases in Mexico and review of the literature
Authors: A. Mauricio Gutierrez , M. Daniel I. Camacho , H. Jorge Leal , C. Kevin J. Fuentes
Published: February 2024

Presacral or retrorectal tumors are rare, they can present different histologic strains and they can also be benign or malignant. These tumors represent a challenge for the surgeon due to their location in the presacral space and due to the low incidence and written information. Various surgical approaches have been described. We present the case of two patients who were diagnosed with presacral tumors (hamartoma and schwannoma) and who underwent a posterior approach for the removal of the tumors. There are several approaches for the treatment of presacral tumors, but in our experience, the posterior approach has shown adequate results without recurrence in the medium-term follow-up. The purpose of the manuscript is to document our experience in the management of two patients.
Anterolateral thigh mega flap for upper limb reconstruction: a case report
Authors: Riera Ricardo F. , Vitelly Juan A. U. , Azcue Arsenio F. A. , Cacique Mauricio D.
Published: February 2024

The innovative concept of employing "Megaflaps", large free flaps, in particular the anterolateral thigh megaflap, for the reconstruction of large surface defects remains relatively unexplored. Although the theoretical value of "megaflaps" is recognized, their documentation remains limited. Microsurgical free flaps are essential for treating musculotendinous, osseous, and vasculonervous injuries. The appeal of these flaps lies in their minimal donor site morbidity, which offers an alternative approach. Taking advantage of the intricate anatomy of the lateral femoral circumflex artery and its branches facilitates the creation of large surface area flaps.
Area postrema syndrome: an atypical presentation of primary Sjogren's
Authors: Tanwar Sonam , Jadhav Rahul , Oak Jyotsna , Raut Tushar
Published: February 2024

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by antibodies against serum aquaporin-4 (AQP4), primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. This case report sheds light on the diagnostic challenges of area postrema syndrome (APS) as the initial manifestation of Sjogren's syndrome, often misidentified due to its diverse symptomatology. APS, seen in 10% of NMOSD cases, manifests as persistent nausea, vomiting, and uncontrollable hiccups. Left untreated, APS can progress to optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis, emphasizing the need for early intervention with corticosteroid therapy and immunomodulators. NMOSD commonly coexists with other autoimmune diseases like Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recent evidence also highlights NMOSD's impact on peripheral organs, particularly skeletal muscles, with elevated creatine kinase levels during acute phases. Understanding the relationship between NMOSD and autoimmune diseases is vital for accurate diagnosis and management, especially in cases of seronegative NMOSD and recurrent attacks, emphasizing comprehensive clinical evaluations and a broader diagnostic approach.
Reversible blindness in cryptococcal meningitis with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Gupta Manisha , Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Angad , Mathur Vaibhav
Published: February 2024

Ocular complications in cryptococcal meningitis (CM) are commonly attributed to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). We report a case of reversible vision loss complicating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related to CM with a normal ICP. The patient had sudden onset painless blindness during the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and anti-fungal therapy. On evaluation, clinical and radiological findings of optic neuritis were present. While reviewing the literature for causes of blindness in CM, we concluded the cause was optic neuritis due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) because of concomitant ART intake by the patient. We witnessed dramatic visual improvement after the use of systemic corticosteroids. The potential significance of this case report is to highlight the possible role of corticosteroids in the prevention of blindness due to CM.
An outline on the global insights of implementation and challenges in primary healthcare telemedicine
Authors: Bakhamis Sarah A. , Alrashid Maryam , Abdulla Fatima M. , Alfehaidi Alanoud S. , Alawar Dina T.
Published: February 2024

Background: The utilization of telephone consultation (TC) has seen a significant increase of up to 86% since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to bridge the existing knowledge gap by examining the usage and efficacy of telephone or virtual consultations in a clinical setting during the COVID-19 lockdown, the objective of the current review is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations of TC in the light of physicians and familial perspectives to enlighten future healthcare planning and decision-making.
Methods: The data utilized in this research spanning the period of COVID-19 and other studies related to TC that occurred before the onset of the pandemic were gathered from a variety of reputable sources, such as Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Science Direct with the pre-established eligibility criteria and relevant keywords.
Results: Studies revealed that the incorporation of teleconsultation has demonstrated numerous benefits for patients, including effective handling of data, fair accessibility, and adherence to standardized care protocols. Nonetheless, the implementation of TC also presents obstacles such as insufficiently trained staff, technical hurdles like connectivity issues and unreliable internet connections, and the possibility of erroneous diagnoses.
Conclusions: During the COVID-19 phase, TC has proven effective with fewer limitations that can be minimized by training the healthcare staff and overcoming technical issues.
Synergy of gut microbiome and bile acids in inducing cholelithiasis
Authors: Batra Poonam , Saini R. G. , Kaur Gundeep
Published: February 2024

Gallstones have remained an expensive and crippling social problem in public health. The pathophysiology of cholelithiasis is not well understood and involves several variables. Even though, the risk factors for gallstones and other metabolic syndrome are considered to be similar but there is a long list of risk factors associated with lithogenecity such as age, parity and obesity. In addition to all this, intricate relationships between the microecology of the gastrointestinal tract and lithogenesis has been highlighted in this context. The gut microbiome and metabolism of bile acids are deeply interwoven. The pathways that regulate the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids in the hepatocytes to promote the digestion and to acts as an antimicrobial surfactant in the gastrointestinal tract is well understood. Nevertheless, the gut microecosystem further augments the biotransformation in the enteric region via three mechanisms: dehydroxylation, deconjugation and epimerization. By the virtue of these mechanisms the gut microbiota regulates the bile acid pool by biotransforming primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. The primary bile salt diversifies gut microbiome and maintains microbial lineage, whereas secondary bile salt perpetuates it. Therefore, it is not wrong to suggest that changes in the microbiome-bile salt equilibrium may contribute to the hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders like cholelithiasis, specifically gallbladder stones, choledocholithiasis, and asymptomatic gallstones. Thus, this review serves as a backbone in explaining the entangled connection of bile acid composition-gut microbiome-host’s health.
Delirium-a letter update
Authors: Shah Ashutosh , Patel Mayur
Published: February 2024

Delirium is essentially acute brain failure that results from stressors that surpass the brain's homeostatic reserve. Delirium is caused by a combination of risk factors that are both predisposing and precipitating. Advanced age, frailty, medication exposure or withdrawal, sedation depth, and sepsis are all known risks. Stressors most likely have coordinated rather than independent effects, and the systems they affect are linked rather than separate. Changes in the blood-brain barrier and the central nervous system's de novo synthesis or elaboration of inflammatory mediators account for the pathophysiology of delirium. It also seems that neuro-inflammatory activity contributes to the dysregulation of neurotransmitters.
Challenges in the reduction of infant mortality in India: have we reached a plateau
Authors: Bhattacharyya Himashree , Agarwalla Rashmi
Published: February 2024

The infant mortality rate is one of the major indicators of a country’s overall health and development. From time to time, many new initiatives were launched by the government of India to bring down the IMR of the country. Many of the initiatives launched in the early phases were able to substantially reduce the IMR to 26/100 live births by 2023. However, the decline has not been uniform and the IMR seems to have reached a plateau. Beyond this it will need some major changes at the health policy level to bring the IMR to a level which is compatible with the developed countries. This article attempts to highlight the trajectory of India towards reduction of Infant mortality, the various initiatives launched from time to time and the challenges in bringing it down further from the present plateau stage.
The Transcultural Mission of Psychotherapy: what Transforms Psychology of People living in the East and the West?
Authors:   Institute for Educational Development of the Republic of Tatarstan, Sibgatullina I. F.
Published: February 2024

The article considers a new cultural reality as a result of globalization, its perception and interpretation by the present-day personality. It looks into models that a person builds for perceiving the world, and that are obtained as a result of mixing the individualistic and collectivistic cultures of the West and the East. Various answers to the question of a possibility of mutual understanding between people of the East and the West are provided. Prospects of the transcultural therapy assisting people in shaping an efficient and safe way of perceiving the world and interactions with it are outlined. A private scientific concept is presented.
Valuable Orientations of Women of Russia during the Various Historical Periods
Authors:   Saratov State University, Chichenkova S. N.
Published: February 2024

This article is considered change of a set of valuable orientations and social installations of women of Russia during the various historical periods. This article says about influence of social conditions on formation of system of valuable orientations of women. We say that the description of dynamics of becoming and development of new social mentality of women of Russia.
To a Problem of Psychological Education: from Experience of the International Interaction of the Russian and European Psychologists
Authors:   Murmansk Regional Institute for Advanced Training of Educational and Cultural Workers, Afonkina Y. A. , Bocharova E. E. ,   Saratov State University, Mikhaylina M. Y. ,   Saratov Regional Institute of Education Development (SOIRO), Sagitova V. R. ,   Moscow University for the Humanities
Published: February 2024

In the article problems of psychological education, the basic tendencies of teaching of psychology in a context of the international experience of interaction of the Russian and European psychologists are discussed.