bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nothing lasts forever: Items missing from your preventative maintenance system
Authors: Nelson Pamela , Anderson Katherine
Published: June 2021

Due to the number of serious Process Safety incidents that have occurred from the implementation of the Process Safety Management Standard, US Occupational Safety and Health Administration has implemented National Emphasis Programs to audit process safety compliance at refineries and chemical processing plants. Both the Refinery and the Chemical National Emphasis programs identified Mechanical Integrity as the element with the largest number of compliance gaps. An overview of the techniques used to identify the scope of an Asset Integrity System will be provided. Learning from incidents, including outside the Chemical Processing Industry, that have occurred will be reviewed to illustrate the importance of smaller, often overlooked, items that became root causes of incidents. The goal of this paper is to provide the reader with guidance on identification, determination of inspection frequency, documentation and deficiency resolution of critical equipment that not only satisfies the regulatory requirements but also includes all items, including small, often overlooked items.
optimal control for semi‐Markov jump linear systems via TP‐free temporal difference () learning
Authors: Chen Yaogang , Wen Jiwei , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei
Published: June 2021

In the present study, a temporal difference (TD) learning algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal control problem for semi‐Markov jump linear systems (S‐MJLSs). The proposed scheme is TP‐free so that it can be applied in cases without pre‐known transition probabilities of embedded Markov chain. Coupled algebraic Riccati equations (CAREs) implied with the analytical solution of control gains are derived by utilizing a S‐MJLS augmented with maximum sojourn time, which contributes to develop the TD learning algorithm. It is proved that for sufficiently rich enough jumping modes and jumping numbers observed online, the value function in TD algorithm converges to CAREs solutions. Finally, an example is carried out to evaluate the learning capability of TD algorithm and the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Ein Modell zum Schubtragverhalten von Verbunddecken mit praxisgerechter Betonstahlbewehrung
Authors: Schmeckebier Nicole , Kurz Wolfgang , Nguyen Viet Tue
Published: June 2021

Aktuell steht für die Querkraftbemessung von Verbunddecken kein eigenständiges Modell zur Verfügung, mit dem das Tragverhalten unter der Kombination der beiden Längsbewehrungsarten Verbundblech und Betonstahlbewehrung mechanisch beschrieben und wirtschaftlich bemessen werden kann. In einem vor Kurzem abgeschlossen Forschungsprojekt der TU Kaiserslautern wurden daher umfangreiche Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Es wurde ein neues Ingenieurmodell entwickelt, das an Versuchen kalibriert und anschließend in ein Bemessungsmodell überführt wurde. Sowohl die experimentellen Untersuchungen als auch das Ingenieurmodell werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Engineering performance of reinforced lightweight geopolymer concrete beams produced by ambient curing
Authors: Öztürk Oğuzhan
Published: June 2021

The use of lightweight concrete can provide specific advantages that are favoring for mitigating seismic risk in building design. On the other hand, a significant reduction of carbon footprint could be possible through the use of geopolymer concrete. However, geopolymer concrete is mostly assessed through small specimens without reinforcement elements. This paper aims to couple the advantage of lightweight mixtures and ambient‐cured geopolymerization in reinforced beams. To do this, engineering performance of reinforced lightweight geopolymer concrete was extensively investigated with different aspects. In mixtures, pumice and volcanic tuff aggregates were used with an appropriate gradation. Flexural strength, deflection capacities, initial stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of reinforced geopolymer beams were investigated with the proposed configuration. Compressive strength and unit weight of the developed mixtures were also evaluated to meet design requirements for lightweight concrete. Results indicated that certain engineering properties (energy dissipation capacity and initial stiffness) of developed lightweight geopolymer concrete were considerably comparable with lightweight Portland cement‐based concrete. Although compressive strength and unit weight of the developed geopolymer mixtures were satisfying, microstructural analysis indicated a weak bonding behavior between paste and lightweight aggregates.
Reinventing the webinar with online team‐based learning professional development workshops
Authors: Dolowitz Annetta R. , Estis Julie M. , O'Dwyer Brian , Styron Jennifer L.
Published: June 2021

This chapter describes a series of international professional development workshops conducted in an online synchronous modality using team‐based learning as an instructional strategy. The authors explore the potential of dynamic professional development training with today's technological tools as a natural evolution from traditional professional development webinars.
Correction to: Sign‑ and goal‑tracking score does not correlate with addiction‑like behavior following prolonged cocaine self‑administration
Authors: Pohořalá Veronika , Enkel Thomas , Bartsch Dusan , Spanagel Rainer , Bernardi Rick E.
Published: June 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05891-y
Metabolomics of aging in primary fibroblasts from small and large breed dogs
Authors: Brookes Paul S. , Jimenez Ana Gabriela
Published: June 2021

Among several animal groups (eutherian mammals, birds, reptiles), lifespan positively correlates with body mass over several orders of magnitude. Contradicting this pattern are domesticated dogs, with small dog breeds exhibiting significantly longer lifespans than large dog breeds. The underlying mechanisms of differing aging rates across body masses are unclear, but it is generally agreed that metabolism is a significant regulator of the aging process. Herein, we performed a targeted metabolomics analysis on primary fibroblasts isolated from small and large breed young and old dogs. Regardless of size, older dogs exhibited lower glutathione and ATP, consistent with a role for oxidative stress and bioenergetic decline in aging. Furthermore, several size-specific metabolic patterns were observed with aging, including the following: (i) An apparent defect in the lower half of glycolysis in large old dogs at the level of pyruvate kinase. (ii) Increased glutamine anaplerosis into the TCA cycle in large old dogs. (iii) A potential defect in coenzyme A biosynthesis in large old dogs. (iv) Low nucleotide levels in small young dogs that corrected with age. (v) An age-dependent increase in carnitine in small dogs that was absent in large dogs. Overall, these data support the hypothesis that alterations in metabolism may underlie the different lifespans of small vs. large breed dogs, and further work in this area may afford potential therapeutic strategies to improve the lifespan of large dogs.
K3 curves with index $$k>1$$
Authors: Ciliberto Ciro , Dedieu Thomas
Published: June 2021

Let $$\mathcal {KC}_g ^k$$

KC
g
k

be the moduli stack of pairs (S, C) with S a K3 surface and $$C\subseteq S$$

C
⊆
S

a genus g curve with divisibility k in $$\mathrm {Pic}(S)$$

Pic
(
S
)

. In this article we study the forgetful map $$c_g^k:(S,C) \mapsto C$$

c
g
k

:

(
S
,
C
)

↦
C

from $$\mathcal {KC}_g ^k$$

KC
g
k

to $${\mathcal {M}}_g$$

M
g

for $$k>1$$

k
>
1

. First we compute by geometric means the dimension of its general fibre. This turns out to be interesting only when S is a complete intersection or a section of a Mukai variety. In the former case we find the existence of interesting Fano varieties extending C in its canonical embedding. In the latter case this is related to delicate modular properties of the Mukai varieties. Next we investigate whether $$c_g^k$$

c
g
k

dominates the locus in $${\mathcal {M}}_g$$

M
g

of k-spin curves with the appropriate number of independent sections. We are able to do this only when S is a complete intersection, and obtain in these cases some classification results for spin curves.
An analytical solution to the multicommodity network flow problem with weighted random routing
Authors: Narayan Onuttom , Saniee Iraj
Published: June 2021

We derive an analytical expression for the mean load at each node of an arbitrary undirected graph for the non-uniform multicommodity flow problem under weighted random routing. We show the mean load at each node, net of its demand and normalized by its (weighted) degree, is a constant equal to the trace of the product of two matrices: the Laplacian of the demand matrix and the generalized inverse of the graph Laplacian. For the case of uniform demand, this constant reduces to the sum of the inverses of the non-zero eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian. We note that such a closed-form expression for the network capacity for the general multicommodity network flow problem has not been reported before, and even though (weighted) random routing is not a practical procedure, it enables us to derive a (tight) upper bound for the capacity of the network under more standard routing policies. Using this new expression, we compute network capacity for a sample of demand matrices for some prototypical networks, including uniform demand (one unit between all node pairs) and broadcast demand (one unit between a source node and each other node as destination), and finally derive estimates of the mean load in some asymptotic cases.
Leaching Titaniferous Magnetite Concentrate by Alkaline Aqueous Solution
Authors: Guo Ke , Wang Shaoyan , Song Renfeng , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: June 2021

Leaching titaniferous magnetite concentrate with alkali solution of high concentration under high temperature and high pressure was utilized to improve the grade of iron in iron concentrate and the grade of TiO2 in titanium tailings. The titaniferous magnetite concentrate in use contained 12.67% TiO2 and 54.01% Fe. The thermodynamics of the possible reactions and the kinetics of leaching process were analyzed. It was found that decomposing FeTiO3 with NaOH aqueous solution could be carried out spontaneously and the reaction rate was mainly controlled by internal diffusion. The effects of water usage, alkali concentration, reaction time, and temperature on the leaching procedure were inspected, and the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. After NaOH leaching and magnetic separation, the concentrate, with Fe purity of 65.98% and Fe recovery of 82.46%, and the tailings, with TiO2 purity of 32.09% and TiO2 recovery of 80.79%, were obtained, respectively.
The Psychology of Migrant “Illegality”: A General Theory
Authors: Ellis Basia D.
Published: June 2021

Critical migration studies emerged to trace how restrictive immigration contexts contribute to conditions of migrant “illegality” and deportability. More recently, researchers have turned to examine diversity in migrants’ experiences, revealing how migrant “illegality” and deportability can take varied forms based on different social factors, including migrants’ immigration status, developmental stage, ethno-racial background, gender, and nationality. Yet, despite increasingly nuanced and contextualized accounts of migrants’ lived experiences, the psychology of migrant “illegality” remains under-theorized, as we lack general concepts and frameworks to explain how deportability shapes, and is shaped by, migrants’ psychosocial lives. This article introduces such a framework by drawing upon findings from two ethnographic studies with undocumented migrants in Canada and the United States. Observing common psychosocial patterns in both groups, I propose cycles of deportability as a framework to capture how migrant “illegality” develops at the psychosocial level through repeated occurrences of status-related stressors, which produce both acute and chronic fears that further require distinct agencies and coping strategies. Next, I examine differences in migrants’ cycles of deportability based on their national context and immigrant generation. I conclude by discussing how this framework can help consolidate previous research findings and guide future psychological and critical migration studies.
The Birth of ‘Modern’ Vocalism: The Paradigmatic Case of Enrico Caruso
Authors: GENTILI BARBARA
Published: June 2021

In the decades spanning the turn of the twentieth century Italian opera singing underwent a profound transformation and became ‘modern’. I explore the formative elements of this modernity and its long-term effects on the way we sing today through the paradigmatic case of the tenor Enrico Caruso. I frame Caruso’s vocal evolution within the rise of verismo opera, comparing selected recordings, reviews and the rules and aesthetic prescriptions contained in vocal treatises to show how his new vocalism differed from that of the old bel canto. To set Caruso’s achievement in context I also analyse recordings of two other tenors of the era: Giovanni Zenatello and Alessandro Bonci.
Are Kantian Emotions Feelings?
Authors: Eran Uri
Published: June 2021

According to Alix Cohen, Kant defines emotions as ‘feelings’. Although I find her account of Kantian feelings compelling, I provide three reasons to doubt that it is an account of emotions: (1) it is unclearwhyCohen identifies emotions with Kantian feelings; (2) some Kantian feelings are not emotions; (3) some Kantian desires may be emotions. I propose, however, that with some qualifications Cohen’s account may be upheld, provided its extra-textual assumptions about emotions are explicated. Against her claim that Kantian feelings have a derived intentionality, I argue that the text is compatible with their being intrinsically intentional.
International Legal Fictions: Lessons from the South China Sea Award
Authors: LEWIS Reece
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the use of a specific international legal fiction. It is claimed that a legal fiction was confirmed by the Tribunal in theSouth China Sea Arbitration(2016). The paper asks whether this is an effective legal fiction. The paper will argue that this is not so, pointing to the difficulties that the fiction necessarily creates. From this example, lessons may be learned of the phenomenon of legal fictions of international law generally, and, crucially, of their effectiveness.
Improving the Measurement of “Big Five” Personality	Traits in a Brief Survey Instrument
Authors: DeBell Matthew , Maisel Natalya , Brader Ted , Wilson Catherine , Jackman Simon
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) is the leading brief instrument for the “Big Five” personality measurement. However, TIPI’s design has suboptimal features: agree-disagree response options, numeric instead of verbal response labels, and multiple items per page. This paper presents a version of TIPI that addresses these problems. Using two nationally representative sample surveys, we compare the original and revised TIPIs on several dimensions: completion time, item nonresponse, paired item reliability, and validity based on relations to other variables. Completion time is the same and item nonresponse rates are low, while reliability and criterion validity for the revised TIPI is better than the original. The results show how better personality data can be obtained at no additional cost by optimizing questionnaire design.
Establishing the Psychometric Properties of the Self-Report Liebowitz	Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents in a General Population	Adolescent Sample
Authors: Leigh Eleanor , Clark David M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA) is a valid and reliable clinician-administered measure of social anxiety symptoms in young people. It has been adapted for self-report completion, and although the psychometric properties of this version of the scale have been examined in Spanish, Hebrew, and French language versions, this has not yet been done for the English language version. In the present study, we examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the self-report version of the scale (LSAS-CA-SR) in a sample of UK adolescents recruited from schools. The factor structure of the scale was determined in our sample of N = 829; a four-factor structure, with interaction anxiety, interaction avoidance, performance anxiety, and performance-avoidance subscales, provided the best fit to the data. Measurement invariance of the scale was demonstrated across age and gender. Psychometric properties of the scale were sound, with good internal consistency (.88–.97), acceptable test-retest reliability (.45–.57), and evidence for convergent and divergent validity.
Multiple fields manipulation on nitride material structures in ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Jinchai , Gao Na , Cai Duanjun , Lin Wei , Huang Kai , Li Shuping , Kang Junyong
Published: June 2021

As demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, advanced deep ultraviolet (DUV) light sources (200–280 nm), such as AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) show excellence in preventing virus transmission, which further reveals their wide applications from biological, environmental, industrial to medical. However, the relatively low external quantum efficiencies (mostly lower than 10%) strongly restrict their wider or even potential applications, which have been known related to the intrinsic properties of high Al-content AlGaN semiconductor materials and especially their quantum structures. Here, we review recent progress in the development of novel concepts and techniques in AlGaN-based LEDs and summarize the multiple physical fields as a toolkit for effectively controlling and tailoring the crucial properties of nitride quantum structures. In addition, we describe the key challenges for further increasing the efficiency of DUV LEDs and provide an outlook for future developments.
Light-responsive and corrosion-resistant gas valve with non-thermal effective liquid-gating positional flow control
Authors: Chen Baiyi , Zhang Rongrong , Hou Yaqi , Zhang Jian , Chen Shiyan , Han Yuhang , Chen Xinyu , Hou Xu
Published: June 2021

Safe and precise control of gas flow is one of the key factors to many physical and chemical processes, such as degassing, natural gas transportation, and gas sensor. In practical application, it is essential for the gas-involved physicochemical process to keep everything under control and safe, which significantly relies on the controllability, safety, and stability of their valves. Here we show a light-responsive and corrosion-resistant gas valve with non-thermal effective liquid-gating positional flow control under a constant pressure by incorporating dynamic gating liquid with light responsiveness of solid porous substrate. Our experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that the photoisomerization of azobenzene-based molecular photoswitches on the porous substrate enabled the gas valve to possess a light-responsive and reversible variation of substantial critical pressure of non-thermal effective gas flow switch. Moreover, the chemically inert gating liquid prevented the solid substrate from corrosion and, by combining with the high spatiotemporal resolution of light, the gas valve realizes a precisely positional open and close under a steady-state pressure. The application demonstrations in our results show the potentials of the new gas valve for bringing opportunities to many applications, such as gas-involved reaction control in microfluidics, soft actuators, and beyond.
TüEyeQ, a rich IQ test performance data set with eye movement, educational and socio-demographic information
Authors: Kasneci Enkelejda , Kasneci Gjergji , Appel Tobias , Haug Johannes , Wortha Franz , Tibus Maike , Trautwein Ulrich , Gerjets Peter
Published: June 2021

We present the TüEyeQ data set - to the best of our knowledge - the most comprehensive data set generated on a culture fair intelligence test (CFT 20-R), i.e., an IQ Test, consisting of 56 single tasks, taken by 315 individuals aged between 18 and 30 years. In addition to socio-demographic and educational information, the data set also includes the eye movements of the individuals while taking the IQ test. Along with distributional information we also highlight the potential for predictive analysis on the TüEyeQ data set and report the most important covariates for predicting the performance of a participant on a given task along with their influence on the prediction.
Designing optimizing procedures for task switching to ensure efficiency in the hospital laboratory
Authors: Kim Young-Jin , Kim Garam , Kim Sangil , Jung Dawoon , Park Minwoo
Published: June 2021

This study aims to improve the efficiency of task switching in hospital laboratories. In a laboratory, several medical technicians perform multiple tasks. Technicians are not aware of the marginal amount of time it takes to switch between tasks, and this accumulation of lost minutes can cause the technician to worry more about the remaining working time than work quality. They rush through their remaining tasks, thereby rendering their work less efficient. For time optimization, we identified work changeover times to help maintain the work quality in the laboratory while reducing the number of task switching instances. We used the turnaround time (TAT) compliance rate of emergency room samples as an indicator to evaluate laboratory performance and the number of task switching instances as an index of the task performer perspective (TPP). We experimented with a monitoring system that populates the time for sample classification according to the optimal time for task switching. Through the proposed methodology, we successfully reduced not only the instances of task switching by 10% but also the TAT non-compliance rate from 4.97 to 2.66%. Consequently, the introduction of new methodology has greatly increased work efficiency.
Impact of underground storm drain systems on larval ecology of Culex and Aedes species in urban environments of Southern California
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Zhou Guofa , Zhong Daibin , Li Yiji , Octaviani Stacia , Shin Andrew T. , Morgan Timothy , Nguyen Kiet , Bastear Jessica , Doyle Melissa , Cummings Robert F. , Yan Guiyun
Published: June 2021

An extensive network of storm water conveyance systems in urban areas, often referred to as the “underground storm drain system” (USDS), serves as significant production habitats for mosquitoes. Knowledge of whether USDS habitats are suitable for newly introduced dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus will help guide surveillance and control efforts. To determine whether the USDS functions as a suitable larval habitat for Culex, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in southern California, we examined mosquito habitat utilization and larval survivorship using laboratory microcosm studies. The data showed that USDS constituted 4.1% of sampled larval habitats for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, and 22.0% for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Furthermore, USDS water collected in the summer completely inhibited Aedes larval development, but yielded a 15.0% pupation rate for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Food supplementation in the microcosms suggests that nutrient deficiency, toxins and other factors in the USDS water led to low success or complete failure of larval development. These results suggest that USDS habitats are currently not major productive larval habitats for Aedes mosquitoes in southern California. Our findings prompt inclusion of assessments of pupal productivity in USDS habitats and adult mosquito resting sites in the mosquito surveillance program.
Profiling single-cell level phagocytic activity distribution with blood lactate levels
Authors: Wagner Kurt , Sami Muhammad A. , Norton Corey , McCoy Jonathan , Hassan Umer
Published: June 2021

Investigating the relationship between neutrophil phagocytic activity and blood lactate levels by employing single-cell data.
Design and synthesis of purine nucleoside analogues for the formation of stable anti-parallel-type triplex DNA with duplex DNA bearing the 5mCG base pair
Authors: Notomi Ryotaro , Wang Lei , Sasaki Shigeki , Taniguchi Yosuke
Published: June 2021

We herein demonstrated for the first time the direct recognition of duplex DNA bearing the 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine base pair by triplex DNA formation.
RuIII(edta) complexes as molecular redox catalysts in chemical and electrochemical reduction of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide: inner-sphere versus outer-sphere mechanism
Authors: Chatterjee Debabrata , Chrzanowska Marta , Katafias Anna , Oszajca Maria , van Eldik Rudi
Published: June 2021

[RuII(edta)(L)]2–, where edta4– =ethylenediaminetetraacetate; L = pyrazine (pz) and H2O, can reduce molecular oxygen sequentially to hydrogen peroxide and further to water by involving both outer-sphere and inner-sphere electron transfer processes.
Phthalimide conjugation turns the AIE-active tetraphenylethylene unit non-emissive: its use in turn-on sensing of hydrazine in solution and the solid- and vapour-phase
Authors: Hiremath Sharanabasava D. , Gawas Ram U. , Das Dharmendra , Naik Viraj G. , Bhosle Akhil A. , Murali Vishnu Priya , Maiti Kaustabh Kumar , Acharya Raghunath , Banerjee Mainak , Chatterjee Amrita
Published: June 2021

A new AIE-based fluorimetric probe (TPE-PMI) has been successfully developed utilizing Gabriel reaction for the selective detection of hydrazine in solid, liquid and vapour phases.
Planar defect-driven electrocatalysis of CO2-to-C2H4 conversion
Authors: Li Zhengyuan , Fang Yanbo , Zhang Jianfang , Zhang Tianyu , Jimenez Juan D. , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Shanov Vesselin , Yang Shize , Wu Jingjie
Published: June 2021

A set of parallel planar defects embedded in right bipyramidal Cu nanocrystals promote the production rate and selectivity towards C2H4 in CO2 electro-reduction at low overpotentials compared to Cu(100) facets.
A programmable powerful and ultra-fast water-driven soft actuator inspired by the mutable collagenous tissue of the sea cucumber
Authors: Choi Andrew , Han Hyeonseok , Kim Dong Sung
Published: June 2021

Composition/dimensional adjustment of a bulk PNIPAAm-based water-driven soft actuator tuned actuation force/speed in wide ranges at maximum of 2 N and 3 s−1, respectively, demonstrating immediate potentials in soft robotics and biomedical appliance.
Peptide–carbon hybrid membranes for highly efficient and selective extraction of actinides from rare earth elements
Authors: Gao Yangyang , Zhang Qian , Lv Ying , Wang Sheng , Men Meng , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Xu Zhanglian , Wang Yin
Published: June 2021

A cost-effective peptide–carbon hybrid membrane was developed to selectively extract uranium (U(vi)) and thorium (Th(iv)) from rare earth elements (REEs) through rapid pressure-driven filtration.
Impact of the chain length on the biodistribution profiles of PEGylated iron oxide nanoparticles: a multimodal imaging study
Authors: Stanicki Dimitri , Larbanoix Lionel , Boutry Sébastien , Vangijzegem Thomas , Ternad Indiana , Garifo Sarah , Muller Robert N. , Laurent Sophie
Published: June 2021

Bimodal sub-5 nm superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO-5) coated with polyethylene glycol of different chain lengths (i.e. PEG-800, -2000 and -5000) have been prepared and characterized.
Pt-decorated phosphorene as a propitious room temperature VOC gas sensor for sensitive and selective detection of alcohols
Authors: Aasi Aref , Aghaei Sadegh Mehdi , Panchapakesan Balaji
Published: June 2021

Pt-decorated phosphorene is a highly sensitive and selective sensor toward methanol gas molecules with a short recovery time.
Investigation of silicon-vacancy center formation during the CVD diamond growth of thin and delta doped layers
Authors: Lobaev Mikhail A. , Gorbachev Alexey M. , Radishev Dmitry B. , Vikharev Anatoly L. , Bogdanov Sergey A. , Isaev Vladimir A. , Drozdov Mikhail N.
Published: June 2021

A study of the process of diamond doping with silicon during CVD growth is presented. As a result, for the first time, a silicon-doped delta layer with a thickness of 5 nm and a depth localization accuracy of several nanometers was demonstrated.
Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) – Nützlicher Wegweiser in der praktischen Beratung oder rein theoretisches Modell in der Ernährungsforschung?
Authors: Haß Ulrike , Schütte Olivia , Franz Kristina , Norman Kristina
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund Mithilfe des Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) lässt sich das inflammatorische Potenzial einer jeweiligen Ernährungsweise charakterisieren. Voraussetzung hierfür ist das Vorliegen von ausreichend Ernährungsdaten, wie in etwa einem Verzehrfragebogen. Da der DII unabhängig von der jeweiligen Esskultur ist, kann er prinzipiell global eingesetzt werden. Aktuell gibt es keinen vergleichbaren Index, der zu diesem Zweck verwendet werden kann. Das inflammatorische Potenzial der Ernährung ist ein hochaktuelles Thema, zu dem inzwischen fast täglich neue Veröffentlichungen erscheinen. Eine nähere Betrachtung dieses noch relativ jungen Indexes ist daher sinnvoll.

Material und Methoden Es wurde eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche zur Extraktion und Evaluierung relevanter Artikel bezogen auf den DII in Pubmed ausgeführt. Für diese Übersichtsarbeit wurden initial insgesamt 352 Artikel gesichtet. Von diesen waren 128 Querschnittstudien, 103 Kohortenstudien, 83 Fallkontrollstudien, 28 Metaanalysen und 10 Interventionsstudien aus insgesamt 36 Nationen. Mithilfe der extrahierten Metaanalysen wurde eine detailliertere Zusammenfassung zum Nutzen und der klinischen Relevanz des DII als Äquivalent zum ernährungsbedingten Inflammationspotenzial gegeben.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die Validität des DII wurde bereits vielfach überprüft. Schwierig wird die globale Vergleichbarkeit, wenn der Index in den verschiedenen Populationen mit einer unterschiedlichen Anzahl und verschiedenartigen Nahrungsparametern berechnet wurde. Nichtsdestotrotz evaluiert der Index das inflammatorische Potenzial einer gesamten Ernährungsweise und ist daher nicht begrenzt auf eine spezifische (regionale) Diät, wie es bspw. der Mediterranean Diet Score ist. Hiervon profitiert in erster Linie die grenzübergreifende Ernährungsforschung. Darüber hinaus könnte sich der DII zukünftig auch als evaluierendes Tool innerhalb der Ernährungsmedizin/-beratung als nützlich erweisen.
Lebensqualität nach geschlechtsangleichenden Operationen – eine Übersicht
Authors: Meier Anna Cäcilia , Papadopulos Nikolaos
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund Bei Personen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz wird eine Verminderung der Lebensqualität durch zahlreiche Studien belegt. Die hohe psychische Belastung führt zu depressiven Erkrankungen, Angststörungen und gegenüber der Normbevölkerung erhöhter Suizidalität. Auch soziale Limitationen führen zu verminderter Lebensqualität. Die Möglichkeit geschlechtsangleichender Operationen wird zunehmend wahrgenommen, stellt jedoch einen radikalen Eingriff in das Leben dieser Patienten dar.

Ob die chirurgischen Maßnahmen die Lebensqualität und Lebenszufriedenheit von Transfrauen und Transmännern nachhaltig verbessern, soll in dieser Übersichtsarbeit untersucht werden.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed, Embase und Cochrane Library. Berücksichtigt wurden Originalarbeiten, welche retro- und prospektiv die Lebensqualität nach geschlechtsangleichenden Operationen untersuchten.

Ergebnisse 27 Studien, davon 20 retrospektive und 7 prospektive Studien, wurden berücksichtigt, wobei bei 4 Studien ausschließlich Transmänner, bei 11 Studien ausschließlich Transfrauen und bei 12 Studien beide Geschlechter analysiert wurden. In der Gesamtheit der Arbeiten wurden 1849 Transfrauen und 869 Transmänner untersucht. Die Veränderungen der Lebensqualität wurden in diesen durch verschiedene validierte Fragebögen erfasst. Hierbei zeigte sich eine signifikante Verbesserung der Lebensqualität in physischen, psychischen und sozialen Bereichen. Die gesteigerte Zufriedenheit mit dem eigenen Körper und Geschlecht sowie der Lebensqualität generell konnten ebenfalls nachgewiesen werden. Vermehrte psychische Störungen und erhöhte Sterblichkeit gegenüber der Norm wurden auch nach geschlechtsangleichenden Operationen festgestellt. Im Vergleich zur Normbevölkerung blieb die Lebensqualität transsexueller Personen vermindert.

Schlussfolgerung Durch zahlreiche Studien kann belegt werden, dass geschlechtsangleichende Operationen helfen, den Leidensdruck unter Transfrauen und Transmännern zu lindern. Lebenszufriedenheit, Gesundheit und soziale Kontakte werden durch chirurgische Eingriffe in Kombination mit endokrinologischer und psychologischer Therapie verbessert. Die Lebensqualität bleibt dennoch hinter der der Normbevölkerung zurück.
Report of a Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Positive Newborn after Delivery Despite Negative SARS-CoV-2 Testing on Both Parents
Authors: Harding Benjamin R. , Vora Farha
Published: June 2021

We present a case of a term infant born to an asymptomatic mother at a community hospital who required transfer to a local neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) immediately after birth for respiratory distress. The infant was tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at 24 hours of life by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing due to the absence of prenatal maternal COVID-19 testing and was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 at that time. A second RT-PCR test was obtained on the infant on day of life (DOL) 4 and was also positive, confirming an accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 disease in the infant. Both the mother and father remained asymptomatic and concomitantly tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 on two separate occasions. The infant subsequently clinically improved and was discharged without any complications. This case raises the potential concern for two unreported newborn issues related to COVID-19. First, the potential unreliability of negative maternal COVID-19 testing surrounding the time of delivery as it relates to routine newborn testing and isolation needs, and second, if the negative material testing was accurate, this raises the concern for a potential case of nosocomial COVID-19 infection within the first 24 hours of life.
Designing and Implementing an IT Architecture for a Digital Multicenter Dementia Registry: digiDEM Bayern
Authors: Reichold Michael , Dietzel Nikolas , Chmelirsch Christina , Kolominsky-Rabas Peter L. , Graessel Elmar , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich
Published: June 2021

Background Registries are an essential research tool to investigate the long-term course of diseases and their impact on the affected. The project digiDEM Bayern will set up a prospective dementia registry to collect long-term data of people with dementia and their caregivers in Bavaria (Germany) supported by more than 300 research partners.

Objective The objective of this article is to outline an information technology (IT) architecture for the integration of a registry and comprehensive participant management in a dementia study. Measures to ensure high data quality, study governance, along with data privacy, and security are to be included in the architecture.

Methods The architecture was developed based on an iterative, stakeholder-oriented process. The development was inspired by the Twin Peaks Model that focuses on the codevelopment of requirements and architecture. We gradually moved from a general to a detailed understanding of both the requirements and design through a series of iterations. The experience learned from the pilot phase was integrated into a further iterative process of continuous improvement of the architecture.

Results The infrastructure provides a standardized workflow to support the electronic data collection and trace each participant's study process. Therefore, the implementation consists of three systems: (1) electronic data capture system for Web-based or offline app-based data collection; (2) participant management system for the administration of the identity data of participants and research partners as well as of the overall study governance process; and (3) videoconferencing software for conducting interviews online. First experiences in the pilot phase have proven the feasibility of the framework.

Conclusion This article outlines an IT architecture to integrate a registry and participant management in a dementia research project. The framework was discussed and developed with the involvement of numerous stakeholders. Due to its adaptability of used software systems, a transfer to other projects should be easily possible.
Frailty screening among older adults receiving home care packages: a study of feasibility and prevalence
Authors: Waller Amy , Coda Andrea , Carey Mariko , Davis Amy , Clapham Matthew
Published: June 2021

Home care packages (HCPs) aim to support older people to remain in their homes for as long as possible. Early detection and management of frailty in community-dwelling older people may prevent or delay transfer to residential aged care. This suggests that it is important to establish mechanisms for identifying frailty among older adults. This study examined the feasibility of obtaining self-reported level of frailty from a sample of older adults receiving HCPs from an Australian aged care provider. The prevalence of frailty and sociodemographic and clinical correlates were assessed. Customers aged ≥65 years receiving an HCP from an aged care and disability service provider in New South Wales (n = 158; 53.5% consent rate) completed a survey during their scheduled visit. The mean (±s.d.) total score on the Edmonton Frail Scale was 7.3 ± 2.4 (range 1–13). The prevalence of frailty was 45% (5% ‘severe frailty’, 14% ‘moderate frailty’, 26% ‘mild frailty’). Clients who had fallen in the past year had, on average, a 1.0-point higher frailty score (95% confidence interval 0.16–1.90) than those who had not. Given the high proportion of adults in our sample who were identified as frail, regular standardised assessments of frailty may assist community aged care providers to provide early intervention to reduce the risk of falls within this group of clients.
X(2900) in a chiral quark model *
Authors: Tan Yue , Ping Jialun
Published: June 2021

Recently, the LHCb Collaboration reported their observation of the first two fully open-flavor tetraquark states named

(2900) and

(2900) with unknown parity. Inspired by the report, we consider all the possible four-quark candidates for X(2900), which include the molecular structure, diquark structure, and their coupling in a chiral quark model via the Gaussian expansion method. To identify the genuine resonances, the real-scaling method (stabilization method) was employed. Our results show that five possible resonances,

with

MeV,

with

MeV,

with

MeV,

with

MeV, and

with

MeV, originate in the

system. Compared with experimental data,

with

MeV may be an optimal

candidate. However, none of the resonances have a similar width for

. Hence, further study is required.
Rough singular integrals and maximal operator with radial-angular integrability
Authors: Liu Ronghui , Wu Huoxiong
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study the rough singular integral operator
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper T Subscript normal upper Omega Baseline f left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals p period v period integral Underscript double-struck upper R Superscript n Baseline Endscripts f left-parenthesis x minus y right-parenthesis StartFraction normal upper Omega left-parenthesis y Superscript prime Baseline right-parenthesis Over StartAbsoluteValue y EndAbsoluteValue Superscript n Baseline EndFraction d y comma">

T
Ω

f
(
x
)
=
p.v.

∫

R

n

f
(
x
−
y
)

Ω
(

y
′

)

|

y

|

n

d
y
,

\begin{equation*} T_\Omega f(x)=\text {p.v.}\int _{\mathbb {R}^n}f(x-y)\frac {\Omega (y’)}{|y|^n}dy, \end{equation*}

and the corresponding maximal singular integral operator
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper T Subscript normal upper Omega Superscript asterisk Baseline f left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals sup Underscript epsilon greater-than 0 Endscripts StartAbsoluteValue integral Underscript StartAbsoluteValue y EndAbsoluteValue greater-than-or-equal-to epsilon Endscripts f left-parenthesis x minus y right-parenthesis StartFraction normal upper Omega left-parenthesis y Superscript prime Baseline right-parenthesis Over StartAbsoluteValue y EndAbsoluteValue Superscript n Baseline EndFraction d y EndAbsoluteValue comma">

T
Ω
∗

f
(
x
)
=

sup

ε
>
0

|

∫

|

y

|

≥
ε

f
(
x
−
y
)

Ω
(

y
′

)

|

y

|

n

d
y

|

,

\begin{equation*} T^*_\Omega f(x)=\sup _{\varepsilon >0}\Big |\int _{|y|\geq \varepsilon }f(x-y)\frac {\Omega (y’)}{|y|^n}dy\Big |, \end{equation*}

where the kernel

Ω
∈

H
1

(

S

n
−
1

)

\Omega \in H^1(\mathrm {S}^{n-1})

has zero mean value and

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

. We prove that

T
Ω

T_\Omega

and

T
Ω
∗

T^*_\Omega

are bounded on the mixed radial-angular spaces

L

|

x

|

p

L

θ

p
~

(

R

n

)

L_{|x|}^pL_{\theta }^{\tilde {p}}(\mathbb {R}^n)

for some suitable indexes

1
>
p
,

p
~

>
∞

1>p, \tilde {p}>\infty

. The corresponding vector-valued versions are also established.
Cell fluorescence photo-activation as a method to select and study cellular sub populations grown in mechanically heterogeneous environments
Authors: Aureille J. , Pezet M. , Pernet L. , Mazzega J. , Grichine A. , Guilluy C. , Dolega M. E.
Published: June 2021

A central challenge of biology of development and disease is to decipher how individual cells process and respond to numerous biochemical and mechanical signals originating from the environment. Recent advances in genomic studies enabled to acquire information about populations heterogeneity, however, these so far were poorly linked with the spatial heterogeneity of biochemical and mechanical cues. Whereas, in vitro models offer superior control over spatiotemporal distribution of numerous mechanical parameters, researchers are limited by the lack of methods to select sub-populations of cells in order to understand how environmental heterogeneity directs the functional collective response. To circumvent these limitations, we present a method based on the use of photo convertible proteins, which when expressed within cells and activated with light, give a stable fluorescence fingerprint enabling subsequent sorting and lysis for genomics analysis. Using this technique, we study the spatial distribution of genetic alterations upon well characterized local mechanical stimulation within the epithelial monolayer. Our method is an in vitro alternative to laser microdissection, which so far has found a broad application in ex vivo studies.
High flow conditions mediate damaging impacts of sub-lethal thermal stress on corals’ endosymbiotic algae
Authors: Page C E , Leggat W , Heron S F , Fordyce A J , Ainsworth T D
Published: June 2021

The effects of thermal anomalies on tropical coral endosymbiosis can be mediated by a range of environmental factors, which in turn ultimately influence coral health and survival. One such factor is the water flow conditions over coral reefs and corals. Although the physiological benefits of living under high water flow are well known, there remains a lack of conclusive experimental evidence characterizing how flow mitigates thermal stress responses in corals. Here we use in situ measurements of flow in a variety of reef habitats to constrain the importance of flow speeds on the endosymbiosis of an important reef building species under different thermal regimes. Under high flow speeds (0.15 m s−1) and thermal stress, coral endosymbionts retained photosynthetic function and recovery capacity for longer compared to low flow conditions (0.03 m s−1). We hypothesize that this may be due to increased rates of mass transfer of key metabolites under higher flow, putatively allowing corals to maintain photosynthetic efficiency for longer. We also identified a positive interactive effect between high flow and a pre-stress, sub-lethal pulse in temperature. While higher flow may delay the onset of photosynthetic stress, it does not appear to confer long-term protection; sustained exposure to thermal stress (eDHW accumulation equivalent to 4.9°C weeks) eventually overwhelmed the coral meta-organism as evidenced by eventual declines in photo-physiological function and endosymbiont densities. Investigating flow patterns at the scale of metres within the context of these physiological impacts can reveal interesting avenues for coral reef management. This study increases our understanding of the effects of water flow on coral reef health in an era of climate change and highlights the potential to learn from existing beneficial bio-physical interactions for the effective preservation of coral reefs into the future.
Standardization of assay representation in the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations
Authors: Vita Randi , Zheng Jie , Jackson Rebecca , Dooley Damion , Overton James A , Miller Mark A , Berrios Daniel C , Scheuermann Richard H , He Yongqun , McGinty Hande Küçük , Brochhausen Mathias , Lin Aisyah Yu , Jain Sagar B , Chibucos Marcus C , Judkins John , Giglio Michelle G , Feng Irene Y , Burns Gully , Brush Matthew H , Peters Bjoern , Stoeckert Jr Christian J
Published: June 2021

The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) underwent a focused review of assay term annotations, logic and hierarchy with a goal to improve and standardize these terms. As a result, inconsistencies in W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) expressions were identified and corrected, and additionally, standardized design patterns and a formalized template to maintain them were developed. We describe here this informative and productive process to describe the specific benefits and obstacles for OBI and the universal lessons for similar projects.
Mutation of the nuclear pore complex component, aladin1, disrupts asymmetric cell division in Zea mays (maize)
Authors: Best Norman B , Addo-Quaye Charles , Kim Bong-Suk , Weil Clifford F , Schulz Burkhard , Johal Guri , Dilkes Brian P
Published: June 2021

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) regulates the movement of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Dysfunction of many components of the NPC results in human genetic diseases, including triple A syndrome (AAAS) as a result of mutations in ALADIN. Here, we report a nonsense mutation in the maize ortholog, aladin1 (ali1-1), at the orthologous amino acid residue of an AAAS allele from humans, alters plant stature, tassel architecture, and asymmetric divisions of subsidiary mother cells (SMCs). Crosses with the stronger nonsense allele ali1-2 identified complex allele interactions for plant height and aberrant SMC division. RNA-seq analysis of the ali1-1 mutant identified compensatory transcript accumulation for other NPC components as well as gene expression consequences consistent with conservation of ALADIN1 functions between humans and maize. These findings demonstrate that ALADIN1 is necessary for normal plant development, shoot architecture, and asymmetric cell division in maize.