bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Mandard tumor regression grade scoring sufficient for locally advanced rectal cancer?
Authors: Şahin Çelik Buket , Geçgel Aslı , Göker Erdem
Published: January 2025

Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer. To evaluate the effectiveness of NACT, the Mandard tumor regression grade (TRG) has been widely studied. However, research has yielded mixed results regarding the correlation between TRG and lymph node involvement post-treatment, as well as its impact on overall survival (OS). This study aims to investigate the association between TRG and lymph node involvement and to explore its relationship with disease-free survival (DFS).
Material and Methods: This study included 50 patients newly diagnosed with advanced rectal cancer, treated at the Ege University Medical Oncology outpatient clinic between June 2016 and June 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups based on Mandard’s classification: TRG 1+2 (good response) and TRG 3+4+5 (poor response). Since no patients achieved complete response corresponding to TRG 5, this grade was excluded from the analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 28.0.
Results: No significant correlation was found between TRG and ypT stage. However, a significant correlation was observed between TRG and both ypN stage and overall disease stage, with TRG III-IV groups demonstrating significantly higher ypN stages and disease stages (p = 0.013). The number of lymph nodes involved was significantly greater in the TRG III-IV group. The complete response rate was significantly lower in the TRG III-IV group compared to the TRG I-II group (p = 0.011). No significant association was found between TRG and other clinical characteristics (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TRG is associated with lymph node involvement, indicating that the tumor’s response to chemoradiation parallels that of lymph node metastases. However, no significant relationship was observed between TRG and ypT stage, DFS, or OS. These results highlight the need for additional prognostic components within the TRG system. While the Mandard TRG system remains convenient and reliable, further understanding of the tumor’s multilayered structure and morphology may enhance its prognostic utility.
EVALUASI EFISIENSI REHABILITASI SALURAN IRIGASI PADA DAERAH IRIGASI BATANGHARI UTARA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR
Authors: Mardika M. Gilang Indra , Fitriana Indri Rahmandhani , Priyono Alfito
Published: January 2025

Rehabilitasi saluran primer sepanjang 20 km pada tahun 2023 di Daerah Irigasi Batanghari Utara, Lampung Timur dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan distribusi air yang tidak optimal. Debit air irigasi tidak mampu untuk mencapai saluran sekunder hilir mengakibatkan kekurangan air pada lahan pertanian bagian tersebut. Hal ini akibat kebocoran saluran yang selanjutnya mengganggu distribusi debit air irigasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas rehabilitasi saluran dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan distribusi debit air irigasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis neraca air untuk mengetahui kondisi kesetimbangan ketersediaan air dan kebutuhan air irigasi dan pemodelan hidraulika dengan menggunakan HEC-RAS untuk memodelkan distribusi air dengan dimensi saluran pasca rehabilitasi. Analisis debit kebutuhan didasarkan pada pola tanam eksisting padi-padi-palawija dan masa tanam 120 hari. Skenario pemodelan hidraulika yaitu pada saat neraca air surplus, neraca air defisit dan neraca air ekstrim. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa neraca air surplus sebesar 8.707 m3/s pada bulan februari pola tanam padi distribusi air mencapai saluran sekunder hilir G12, neraca air defisit sebesar -8.141 m3/s pada bulan mei pola tanam padi distribusi air mencapai saluran sekunder G4 dan neraca air ekstrim sebesar -5.264 m3/s pada bulan november pola tanam palawija distribusi air mencapai saluran sekunder G1. Berdasarkan analisis neraca air dan pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan utama tidak meratanya distribusi air karena debit ketersediaan tidak mencukupi debit kebutuhan pasca rehabilitasi saluran primer.
PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL BERBANTUAN MEDIA KONKRIT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA
Authors: Dewantari Putu Ayu , Arkiang Fajeri
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat adanya kenaikan hasil belajar IPA apabila menggunakan penerapan pendekatan kontekstual berbantuan media konkret pada siswa Tunarungu kelas V SLBN 1 Gianyar Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian ini merupakan ragam penelitian tindakan kelas, yang dilaksanakan melalui dua tahapan atau siklus, masing-masing siklus dilaksanakan melalui langkah-langkah, yaitu (1) mengagendakan penelitian, (2) melakukan aktifitas perbaikan pembelajaran, (3) mengamati dan (4) merefleksi. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa Tunarungu Kelas V SLBN 1 Gianyar yang berjumlah 5 orang, semuanya berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan mempergunakan teknik test dan non test. Data yang didapat ditelaah dengan deskrisptif kualitatif serta kuantitatif. Telaah dari penilaian memperlihatkan nilai pada siklus ke-1 rata-ratanya adalah 74, serta nilai pada siklus ke-2 rata-ratanya adalah 82. Terjadi peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar siklus ke-1 menuju siklus ke-2 sebanyak 10,81%. Melalui pemaparan tersebut kita dapat simpulkan pelaksanan pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan media konkrit mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa Tunarungu Kelas V SLBN 1 Gianyar Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023.
Statistical Assessment of the Education Level of Children Living in Georgia and Its Importance
Authors: Georgi Mikeladze Georgi Mikeladze , Anna Varamashvili Anna Varamashvili
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the significance of the statistical survey of the functioning and foundational learning skills of children living in Georgian household, along with its methodological aspects, research design, and implementation stages. In particular, it is planned to identify the functional difficulties of children living in Georgia and to assess learning skills and to determine the impact of functional difficulties on learning skills. The project will conduct a statistical survey through a household survey. In particular, pre-designed questionnaires will be used to interview mothers and children in households through face-to-face interviews. The study will use a short version of Questions on Functional Difficulties of the Washington Group on Disability Statistics, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) methodology for assessing foundational learning skills, and the Eurostat methodology for calculating living standards. Within the framework of the project, it is planned to calculate internationally comparable indicators on the functioning, foundational learning skills and living conditions of children living in Georgian households, to create and disseminate a detailed research report and snapshots
The main scientific novelty of the project is calculation of the Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (SDG 4.1.1, which focuses on minimum proficiency levelin reading and mathematics for grades 2/3, and SDG 4.5.1, the parity indices) for all education indicators on this list that can be disaggregated), Eurostat Indicator (overcrowding rate) and assessment of the level of education of children living in Georgian households in various socio-economic contexts (living conditions, functional difficulties, sex, age, etc.).
The article presents the survey’s sampling design, which involves a three-stage clustered random sampling process. The primary sampling unit (PSU) is a census enumeration area, the secondary sampling unit (SSU) is the household address, and the tertiary sampling unit (TSU) is a child aged 7-14 living in the household. Additionally, stratification by region and type of settlement will be introduced to reduce sampling error. The article includes the survey’s instruments, consisting of four questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, a household questionnaire, a main questionnaire, and a refusal form, all of which are based on the methodologies of the Washington Group, Eurostat, and UNICEF. The sample size, taking into account acceptable relative margin of error and the maximum design effect, is set at 1,200 households.
Keywords: Educational statistics, statistics of functional difficulties, Statistical Survey on Functioning and Foundational Learning Skills of Children Living in Georgian Households, SDG indicator 4.1.1 minimum proficiency level in reading and mathematics for grades 2/3, SDG indicator 4.5.1: parity indices.
Types of Pharmacoeconomic Analysis and Economic Evaluation of the Pharmacist's Role
Authors: Nana Shashiashvili Nana Shashiashvili
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of maximum outcomes from limited resources drives healthcare policymakers to utilize health economic tools to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of pharmaceutical services. Amid unprecedented growth in global spending on medications, the need for cost containment continues to rise, making funding decisions increasingly reliant on objective data. Pharmacoeconomics, as a methodology, is recognized for assessing the comparative value of medications and services. Recent studies confirm that pharmacist involvement in disease management not only aids in cost savings but also positively impacts patient health outcomes. This article presents the impact of pharmacy staff interventions on costs in both critical and non-critical care settings. However, it is also essential to consider that both individual costs and the likelihood of achieving expected outcomes can vary across different environments or between healthcare systems. The article emphasizes the importance of pharmacoeconomic analysis and the development of targeted policies in healthcare systems to effectively manage costs, improve patient health outcomes, and maximize resource utilization.
Keywords: Cost–benefit analysis, Cost-effectiveness analysis, Pharmacoeconomics, Pharmacist.
Efektivitas Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Matematis
Authors: Fatmawati Nurul Fidya , Rohmah Sinvi Faido , Yaqin Makhfudz Ainul , Amaliyah Fitriyah
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar antara kelas yang menerapkan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) dengan kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan quasi-eksperimen. Desain quasi-eksperimen ini melibatkan dua kelas, yaitu kelas kontrol tanpa perlakuan khusus dan kelas eksperimen yang diberikan perlakuan berupa model PBL. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV di SDN 4 Dersalam yang berjumlah 23 siswa, dengan 12 siswa berada di kelas eksperimen dan 11 siswa di kelas kontrol. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji independent sample t-test yang menunjukkan nilai Sig.(2-tailed) sebesar 0.02, lebih kecil dari 0.05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa di kelas eksperimen dan kelas control.Terbukti dari hasil test menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model PBL memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar siswa berkaitan dengan kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan  soal dengan pemecahan masalah matematis.
Pengaruh Antara Gaya Belajar Audio Visual Terhadap Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa SD 2 Singocandi
Authors: Fazriani Hesty Nur , Elrika Anastasia Jevis , Putri Tahta Alfiana , Riswari Lovika Ardhana
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah gaya belajar dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa sekolah dasar. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen tes dan angket untuk mengidentifikasi gaya belajar, sementara tes digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas 5 di SDN 2 Singocandi dengan sampel berjumlah 23 siswa. Analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, dan uji regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa adalah 67,40 dengan varians 257,510 dan standar deviasi 16,047. Skor rata-rata angket gaya belajar adalah 60,02 dengan varians 156,621 dan standar deviasi 12,515. Uji normalitas menunjukkan data berdistribusi normal dengan nilai signifikansi 0,200. Uji regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan bahwa gaya belajar berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 dimana kurang dari nilai signifikansi 0,05 dan nilai R2 sebesar 0,885 yang menunjukkan bahwa gaya belajar berpengaruh sebesar 88,5% terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa. .
Pengaruh Gerakan Literasi Sekolah Dan Pojok Baca Terhadap Minat Baca Siswa Kelas 3 SDN Pati Kidul 05
Authors: Wulandari Ardhina Puspita , Amaliyah Fitriyah
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh gerakan literasi sekolah dan pojok baca terhadap minat baca siswa kelas III SDN Pati Kidul  05. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas III SDN Pati Kidul 05. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 12 siswa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan regresi sederhana untuk menginterpretasikan hasil yang diperoleh dari kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu Gerakan literasi sekolah memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap minat baca siswa kelas III SDN Pati Kidul 05. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji korelasi yang menunjukkan nilai signifikansi < 0,05 untuk gerakan literasi sekolah, serta hasil uji regresi yang menunjukkan nilai thitung > ttabel. Sementara itu, pojok baca tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat baca siswa, sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh nilai signifikansi > 0,05 dan nilai thitung < ttabel.
Mengukur Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas IV SD 2 Pringtulis Dalam Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika
Authors: Aurelya Ervida Eka , Rahmadanti Daffa Aulia , Riswari Lovika Ardana
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV SD dalam meningkatkan pemecahan masalah matematika pada materi bilangan cacah. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei dan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) sebagian besar siswa (62,5%) pada kategori sangat baik menunjukkan kemampuan yang luar biasa dalam memecahkan masalah matematika; (2) siswa pada kategori baik (25%) cenderung kurang teliti dalam menyelesaikan masalah, menarik kesimpulan tanpa mengevaluasi kembali hasil yang mereka peroleh pada tahap memeriksa kembali, sehingga membutuhkan lebih banyak latihan; dan (3) siswa pada kategori kurang (12,5%) menunjukkan kesulitan dalam mengoneksikan konsep-konsep matematika dan tidak dapat memenuhi indikator penilaian kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam pemecahan masalah sesuai dengan yang telah direncanakan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN 2 Pringtulis memiliki kategori kemampuan berpikir kritis yang baik dalam memecahkan masalah matematika pada materi bilangan bulat.
Designing the Integrated Thematic Preschool Stream Module
Authors: Leng Anna Phang Wai , Che Mustafa Mazlina , Mohd Jamil Mohd Ridhuan
Published: January 2025

Malaysian Blueprint (2013-2025), under Malaysian Ministry of Education (MoE) has placed great emphasis on STEM education. Currently preschool STEM education has evolved from STEAM to STREAM. STREAM is an acronym for Science, Technology, Reading, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics. However, methods of promoting STREAM are barely adapted in preschool classroom practice. There is hardly substantial research that emphasize on the design and development of STREAM module to foster STREAM at the preschool level. This requires a reliable and effective teaching and learning STREAM module that can train or guide teachers using the Integrated thematic instruction (ITI) model to address the National Philosophy of Education for developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner. Therefore, this research paper aims to design and development of integrated thematic preschool STREAM module by using the design and development research (DDR) approach. In order to determine the instructional goal, the researchers had performed the 3 phases of study based on the DDR approach. The first phase is to investigate the needs and challenges faced by the teachers towards STREAM education using quantitative approach; the second phase is obtaining expert consensus for the main inputs of the STREAM module using Fuzzy Delphi method; the third phase is to evaluate the usability and practicality of the module using focus group interview with the experts. The overall findings provide potential for developing the Integrated thematic Instruction (ITI)-preschool STREAM module for professional development. This developed module therefore would represent a reliable and credible ITI-Preschool STREAM module for fostering preschool STREAM education nationwide in the local context.
Needs Analysis For The Development Of The Zapin Malay Traditional Dance Module For Preschool Children
Authors: Mohd Alim Maisarah , Zain Azizah , Ahmad Tajuddin Siti Nor Amalina
Published: January 2025

Learning about Zapin Malay dance is a vital dance art that needs to be inculcated in the children's souls. Dasar Kebudayaan Negara (DAKEN) 2021, through the education aspect, has expressed a desire to promote appreciation for arts, culture, and national heritage for every level of education. The Malaysia Education Blueprint (PPPM) 2013 – 2025 also justifies that children need a general knowledge of history, arts, and music. Therefore, the preschool education curriculum should be streamlined by improving the quality of children’s learning of Zapin Malay dance so that this cultural heritage will continue to be preserved. To determine the needs of preschool teachers for implementing the traditional Zapin Malay dance module among preschoolers, a needs analysis study was carried out. This study incorporates a quantitative survey method in its design. This study used purposive sampling where a total of 83 preschool teachers were involved in answering the questionnaire instrument. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that preschool teachers had a high level of consent with a mean value of 4.06 on problems in implementing Zapin Malay dance with preschoolers. In addition, the preschool teacher also expressed high agreement, with a mean value of 4.13, on the need to develop a Zapin Malay dance module based on rhythmic movements among preschoolers. The implication of this study was to develop a teaching module that can assist preschool teachers in educating children about cultural heritage, with a particular emphasis on Zapin Malay dance, as stated in the National Preschool Standard Curriculum (KPSK) 2017.
Satu kajian kes: Mengenalpasti kesan komunikasi ibu bapa dengan anak-anak ketika di rumah
Authors: Zailan Nura Zafirah , Mohamad Iylia
Published: January 2025

Komunikasi yang baik antara ibu bapa dengan anak mampu membantu perkembangan holistik anak terutama dalam pencapaian akademik dan emosi mereka. Pada masa kini, kanak-kanak banyak terdedah dengan pelbagai gajet yang membantutkan komunikasi di antara seisi rumah. Oleh yang demikian, objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti kesan komunikasi ibu bapa dengan anak-anak ketika berada di rumah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah temubual yang bersifat kualitatif ke atas tiga orang ibu bapa yang menetap di daerah Klang, Selangor. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa ibu bapa yang sering berkomunikasi dengan anak-anak apabila berada di rumah dapat memberikan kesan yang positif kepada anak-anak dari segi bahasa, hubungan perapatan dan tingkah laku. Oleh yang demikian, perkara ini amat ditekankan dalam sesebuah institusi kekeluargaan agar hubungan kesejahteraan antara ahli keluarga dapat dipupuk.
The Perception Of Parents Towards Specialized Malay Language Reading Skills Modules In Preschool Education
Authors: Narayanasamy Arulmozhi , Mohamad Jaafar Anis Norma
Published: January 2025

This study explores parents' perceptions and experiences regarding existing Malay reading modules in preschool education and their impact on children's reading proficiency. Five parents were interviewed, revealing a unanimous consensus on the importance of a special module for reading Malay for preschoolers according to the national curriculum. Such modules are seen as effective tools to foster early reading skills and standardize content for consistent education. Concerns and challenges associated with commercially available reading modules are also highlighted, emphasizing the need for rigorous evaluation. This study also underlines the importance of the involvement of the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MoE) in the development and content validity and reliability of specific reading modules. The findings of the study also provide insight into improving reading skills among preschool students, in line with the national preschool curriculum and the need to conduct further research on the development of special Malay language modules in early childhood education.
The Level of Knowledge and Skills in The Use of Interactive Multimedia Among Preschool Teachers for Teaching English Vocabulary
Authors: Welly Roseann Euphrasia , Abdul Rani Intan Farahana
Published: January 2025

English is one of the mandatory languages studied in education in Malaysia. Technology is proved to be an effective tool to assist students in mastering English vocabulary, specifically interactive multimedia. However, it has been found that the application of interactive multimedia among teachers is still at a basic level. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the level of pre-school teachers' knowledge in the application of multimedia for teaching English vocabulary, determine the level of pre-school teachers' skills in the application of interactive multimedia for teaching English, and establish the relationship between pre-school teachers' knowledge and skills in the application of interactive multimedia for teaching English vocabulary. This study used a quantitative survey design. The study data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The questionnaires in the study involved 39 pre-school teachers from the Kinabatangan district, Sabah. The findings revealed that the respondents' knowledge of the application of interactive multimedia in teaching English vocabulary is high (M=3.99, SD=0.692). The respondents also have a high level of skills in applying interactive multimedia for teaching English vocabulary (M=3.70, SD=0.685). Inferential statistical analysis further showed a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and skills (r=0.679, p<0.05). The implication of this study shows that the level of knowledge and skill of pre-school teachers are high in applying multimedia interactive for teaching English vocabulary. In conclusion, this study provides an overview of the level of knowledge and skills of pre-school teachers in applying interactive multimedia for teaching English vocabulary.
Implementation of Free Play Activities in Kindergartens: The Role and Challenges of Teachers
Authors: Drani Shafira Shaqiera , Harun Noor Hanim , Abdurahman Muhammad Safar , Zailani Nurul Nafisah , Razali Muhammad Nazli
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify teachers' roles and challenges in implementing free play activities in kindergartens. This study is a quantitative survey with a questionnaire as the research tool. The questionnaire was disseminated via Google Forms and involved 108 respondents, including kindergarten teachers in Selangor. Data were analyzed descriptively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The findings indicate that teachers mostly take on the role of an observer while implementing free play activities, with a mean score of 4.13 (sd =0.948). In terms of challenges, the results show that teachers do not face significant challenges, with an overall mean score at a moderate level of 2.93 (sd=0.688). This study illustrates that kindergarten teachers in Selangor possess good competencies in managing free play activities as one of the learning areas allocated in the National Preschool Standard Curriculum (KSPK). Therefore, teachers need to leverage free play activities as an important medium to provide space for fulfilling children's natural tendencies while also helping to support their development.
Develop the SFK Number E-Book for number recognition skills of number1 to 10 for five- year-olds children
Authors: Kidil Sitti Fadilah , Alias Azila , Ibrahim Aliff Aiman , Eleh Ritcheritch , Hamdan Nur Atikah
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to develop the SFK Number E-Book for number recognition skills of number1 to 10 for five- year-olds children. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach, through questionnaire surveys. Participants of this study consist of preschool and kindergarten teachers. The data in this study was collected using a survey method that consists of needs analysis, expert effectiveness and usability surveys. The findings of the study for the first question found that the development of SFK Number E-Book needs to emphasize the usability and suitability aspects of the activity to help children recognize numbers 1 to 10. Based on the results of needs analysis, digitally built and interactive teaching materials are essential to attract the interest and attention of children. The findings for the second question suggests that the development process of SFK Number E-Book should involve activities that can improve the cognitive and fine motor skills of children. Activities such as scratching, grading, and matching numbers with objects were found to be effective in helping children understand and recognize numbers in sequence. For the third question, focus on the usability level of the SFK Number E-Book. The E-book that was analyzed through a usability survey, showed that the majority of respondents strongly agreed that this ebook is easy to use and suitable for five-year-olds children. The scale structure and interactive content of the SFK Number E- Book are flexible and effective as a teaching tool in a variety of learning situations. It is hoped that this study will provide exposure and reference to preschool teachers and kindergartens in applying digital teaching materials to enhance the children's numerical skills.
Kerangka garis panduan pengiklanan produk makanan kanak-kanak di media sosial
Authors: Mohd Yusof Mohd Yusri , Abdul Aziz Nor Azah
Published: January 2025

Secara umumnya, Malaysia masih belum mempunyai garis panduan khusus bagi pengiklanan produk makanan dan minuman kepada kanak-kanak di media sosial. Ini berbeza dengan negara lain seperti United Kingdom (UK), Australia dan Singapura yang sudah mempunyai garis panduan khas bagi pengiklanan produk makanan dan minuman kepada kanak-kanak. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti garis panduan pengiklanan sedia ada bagi pengiklanan produk makanan kanak-kanak di media sosial dan membangunkan kerangka garis panduan pengiklanan yang baharu bagi produk makanan kanak-kanak di media sosial. Ia bertujuan memudahkan pengiklan dalam menghasilkan dan menerbitkan iklan yang mencapai tahap piawaian yang betul. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan dua kaedah kajian iaitu temu bual secara semi struktur dan analisis dokumen. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui analisis dokumen dan temu bual dengan kumpulan pakar seramai enam orang bagi menghasilkan kerangka garis panduan pengiklanan yang baharu. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat enam kriteria garis panduan pengiklanan yang berkesan, lima kategori utama yang perlu disertakan dalam garis panduan pengiklanan yang baharu, dan sembilan aspek penting dalam pembangunan kerangka garis panduan pengiklanan yang baharu. Kesemua pakar bersetuju bahawa di Malaysia, pemantauan berada pada tahap yang rendah berkaitan dengan garis panduan pengiklanan makanan yang sedia ada. Mereka juga bersetuju bahawa media sosial seperti TikTok dan YouTube banyak diakses oleh kanak-kanak di Malaysia pada masa kini. Dengan adanya cadangan yang dikemukakan dalam kajian ini, ia dapat dijadikan panduan kepada pengiklan dalam menghasilkan dan menerbitkan iklan yang mencapai tahap piawaian yang betul.
An Extra-curricular activities extension in public elementary schools
Authors: Martin Matronillo Del Mundo , Tugguin Frazel May Bonesto
Published: January 2025

The main purpose of this study is to determine the extent of implementation and level of contribution of the extra–curricular activities in the public elementary schools. Descriptive research was utilized in this study. There were 7 school heads and 64 selected teachers as respondents using total enumeration technique. Information was obtained from the respondents through the use of questionnaires. Quantitative data collected by using a questionnaire were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics and presented through percentages, means, and frequencies. Findings show that there is an over- all high implementation of the extra-curricular activities in the public elementary school of Aguinaldo District 2. Moreover, pupils have active participation of the different activities through the leadership of the school administrators and teachers. Likewise, the school heads and teachers treat extracurricular activities with similar passion with the curricular activities but with careful discretion in not disrupting regular class schedule. The study also shows that extra-curricular activities can provide better environment for the development of school especially on the nurturing of the pupils. Pupils of the public elementary schools in Aguinaldo District 2 have been actively competing in the different extra-curricular activities which made each school able receive awards in different levels. The success of the school performances requires careful management and good organization. Therefore, support, cooperation and motivation from school administrators, parents and students should necessary in order to maintain excellence achievement and good school performances.
Satisfaction of Financial Institution Staff Towards Staff Housing Loan: A Case Study
Authors: Md Yusof Zahayu , Mansor Rosnalini , Zaini Bahtiar Jamili , Chee Lim Hui
Published: January 2025

Loan can be defined as money advanced to the borrower by the lender and obligated to pay back or repaid at a future time. Some of the company provided loan to its own staff. There are many pros and cons about this loan. Thus, we are interested on the factors that influence staff to use the staff housing loan. This study was conducted to identify the satisfaction level of financial institution’s staff towards staff housing loan and also to identify the relationship between the service quality, interest rate, repayment period and margin of finance that will affect staffs’ satisfaction towards staff housing loan of a financial institution in Malaysia. There are two stages of cluster sampling was used to collect the data and from sample of 197 staffs and later analyzed using statistical software namely, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) together with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was used both to identify the significant direct influence on satisfaction among financial staff. As a conclusion, there is a high satisfaction level of financial institution staffs towards staff housing loan. Besides, service quality, interest rate and repayment period has positive relationship with staffs’ satisfaction towards staff housing loan. The result also shows that interest rate is the most significant factor that will affect staffs’ satisfaction towards staff housing loan.
Integrated Model of The Implementation of Pedagogical Skills in Teaching and Learning of the 21st century among lecturers of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Khairuddin Lim , Mohd Ali Azham , Abd Wahid Hariyaty , Salleh Hudin Norlaile
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study was to identify the level of use of 21st-century PdPc PdPc Skills among lecturers of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris and subsequently build an integrated model of 21st skill application. This study uses quantitative, qualitative and observational study designs as well as interviews. The average mean element of PdP practice is 4.43 and standard deviation = 0.53. On the other front, mean is at a high level of domination and its capabilities can be further enhanced to be in an excellent level. These elements are like critical thinking skills, communication, reflection, collaboration, assessment, problem solving, technology as well as creativity and innovation skills. The determination to the success of PdPc itself is that the lecturers themselves are discerning in the professionals of their respective fields of teaching. This study is expected to contribute to the increased marketability graduates of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Therefore, it is hoped that this study can be used to improve the filling and implementation of the implementation of teaching and learning pedagogical skills in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris in particular and public universities in general.
The Effects of Training Transfer on Training Program Evaluation and Effectiveness of Training Program
Authors: Rampun@Ramlan Romi , Zainol Zuraidah , Tajuddin Dewi
Published: January 2025

Evaluation of training programs is an important aspect in determining the effectiveness of training programs conducted by an organization. Two dimensions of training program evaluation namely response and learning are used as variables in this study. The design of this study is quantitative, based on the survey method. The study was conducted at the Tun Abdul Razak Library, one of the Public Institutes of Higher Learning in Malaysia. A total of 288 respondents consisting of library staff were involved in this study. Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS Software (SmartPLS-SEM) using multivariate analysis technique Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study found that there is a significant relationship between the evaluation of training programs on the effectiveness of training programs. This study also found that training transfer acts as a mediating variable between training program evaluation and training program effectiveness. This study will be able to be used by the human resource management division in implementing the evaluation of training programs as one of the effectiveness in planning training programs.
A Proposed instrument to measure the Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Teachers in Indonesian context
Authors: Utari Rahmania , Abd Jabar Cepi Safruddin , Sutapa SIP Mada
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate teacher OCB (Organizational Citizenship Behaviors) dimensions, aspects, and indicators that serve as the basis for developing an instrument to measure teacher OCB. With the Indonesian context, this study is based on a qualitative study conducted by Shaheen et al. The instrument developed in this study uses a summated rating scale model based on self-reports. This study with Design and Development (D&D) research design went through some stages, namely 1) analyzing instrument item by focusing on content, construction, and language; 2) consulting to psychometric and language experts to obtain expert judgment; 3) validating the content through FGD with teachers and principals and trying out the instrument to the teachers individually to see its readability; 4) revising the instrument based on the first trial; 5) testing the instrument to the teacher group; 6) quantitatively analyzing the feasibility of the instrument using statistical methods; and 7) submitting the report/result to stakeholders. Group test results were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) by employing the LISREL 8.0 program.The instrument construct was based on the model developed by Shaheen et al. The construct included three factors, namely individual, organizational, and prosocial factors. The results of this study show that there are several rejected items due to the value of factor loading which is less than 0.5. Moreover, some items are rejected because they measure more than one factor mentioned. Besides, based on the analysis, two more OCB factors were added to the previously mentioned three factors. The factors are individual approach by teachers to students, teacher social awareness, teacher tolerance for student weakness and school shortcomings, teacher willingness to approach students’ families, and teaching etiquette and showing empathy.
The Impact of Tax Avoidance, Tax Risk, Profitability, and Institutional Ownership on Cost of Debt
Authors: Hadiwibowo Imam , Olivia Angie Silvi , Taufik Azis Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Purpose - This study intends to investigate the influence of tax avoidance variables, tax risk, profitability, and institutional ownership on debt costs.
Research Method - This study uses 9 infrastructure firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE) from 2019 to 2023 were examined using a purposive sampling method. The analysis for this study employed multiple linear regression modeling.
Findings - The study findings indicate that tax avoidance and tax risk positively influence the cost of debt, whereas profitability and institutional ownership have no impact on it.
Implication - Tax avoidance and tax risk affect the cost of debt as creditors view them as indicators of increased risk, leading to higher interest rates and additional monitoring expenses. Conversely, profitability and institutional ownership do not have a significant impact. These findings emphasize the necessity of effective tax risk management and governance to ensure financial stability and lower the cost of debt.
Successful Anesthetic Management of Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with Preoperative Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: Faisal Irwanda  , Novita Anggraeni
Published: January 2025

Background: Pheochromocytoma, a rare tumor arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, poses significant anesthetic challenges due to its propensity to release catecholamines, potentially leading to life-threatening hypertensive crises. This case report describes the successful anesthetic management of a patient with pheochromocytoma presenting with preoperative hypertension.
Case presentation: A 37-year-old female with a 12x5 cm right adrenal tumor diagnosed as pheochromocytoma was scheduled for adrenalectomy. She presented with a history of uncontrolled hypertension, episodic headaches, diaphoresis, and palpitations. Preoperative management focuses on blood pressure control using alpha and beta-adrenergic blockers. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl, and atracurium, while nitroglycerin and sevoflurane were used to maintain hemodynamic stability. The patient's blood pressure was closely monitored throughout the procedure, with interventions made to manage fluctuations during tumor manipulation.
Conclusion: Successful anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma requires meticulous preoperative preparation, vigilant intraoperative monitoring, and prompt pharmacological interventions. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including endocrinologists, anesthesiologists, and surgeons, to optimize patient outcomes.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa dalam Memahami Konsep Hukum-Hukum Dasar Kimia (Systematic Review)
Authors: Sihaloho Takeshi , Sidauruk Suandi , Anggraeni Maya Erliza
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta merangkum hasil analisis tentang kesulitan siswa dalam memahami konsep hukum-hukum dasar kimia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah skripsi yang berkaitan dengan kesulitan siswa dalam memahami konsep hukum-hukum dasar kimia.Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dengan mencari dan mengumpulkan dokumen skripsi, kemudian menentukan skripsi yang akan dianalisis, dan menentukan data hasil penelitian yang akan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan siswa dalam memahami konsep hukum-hukum dasar kimia yaitu: (1) hasil penelitian FY-22 lebih banyak mengungkapkan kesulitan siswa daripada YM-16 dan NS-22, (2) pada reaksi kimia, siswa menganggap bahwa massa total zat sebelum reaksi mengalami perubahan atau tidak sama dengan massa total zat sesudah reaksi, (3) siswa beranggapan bahwa dalam menentukan massa hasil reaksi dilakukan dengan cara menjumlahkan perbandingan massa unsur-unsurnya dan siswa tidak memperhatikan massa zat yang tersisa, sehingga perbandingan massa unsur-unsurnya dapat berubah-ubah, (4) siswa beranggapan bahwa dalam menentukan perbandingan massa unsur yang membentuk lebih dari suatu senyawa tidak tetap, dan bukan merupakan bilangan bulat yang sederhana, (5) siswa beranggapan bahwa dalam menentukan perbandingan volume dilihat dari indeks dan menjumlahkan koefisien dari persamaan reaksi, dan (6) siswa menganggap bahwa unsur-unsur pembentuk dalam suatu reaksi memiliki perbandingan volume yang sama, dan menganggap volume gas yang bereaksi sama dengan massa gas yang terlibat dalam reaksi.
Enhancing Brain Tumor Classification through Feature Selection with Beetle-Swarm Optimization
Authors: Katkoori Dr. Arun Kumar , Boda Dr. Ravi , Ramesh Babu Dr. Popuri , Salman Baig Mirza , Dudi Dr. Bhanu Prakash
Published: January 2025

The selection of features is a crucial part of machine learning and data mining. The feature sets that are used for classification are always prone to having redundant and correlated features that can affect the performance. The goal of this study is to remove redundant and irrelevant features from the system and retain only relevant ones. This study presents Beetle-Swarm optimization process which involves selecting the features from a segmented image with a Random Forest classifier. The process is performed through a series of steps such as pre-processing, feature extraction, and feature classification. Two objective functions are used to perform the process: image entropy and accuracy function. The proposed method is evaluated on publicly available Kaggle brain tumor dataset. The results of the study revealed that the BSO+RF approach performed well compared to other techniques such as the PSO, ABC, and MVO. The proposed BSO+RF outperforms other similar algorithms in terms of accuracy. It has a performance of 0.8% compared to PSO, while it is slightly better than ABC, and slightly better than MVO. The performance of the proposed BSO+RF algorithm is also higher than that of the comparative techniques, with a learning percentage of 80. It has a low FDR value of less than PSO, ABC, and MVO, which suggests that it has better performance The proposed BSO-RF technique is more accurate than the existing algorithms when it comes to training and testing. In addition, it requires less features to achieve better accuracy. This results in faster computing time and more accuracy. This study presents a new approach to predict cancer using the combination of Beetle Swarm Optimization (BSO) and Random Forest. Beetle-swarm optimization is used to find threshold. This is used to segment the tumor from MR images resulting in better accuracy.
An IoT Prototype for Water Quality Monitoring System with Case Study in NPIC Campus
Authors: Siren Seven , Pec Rothna , Srun Channareth , Meas Saran , Ny Virbora , Eang Sokheang , Sari Puthiponareay
Published: January 2025

Water is one of the natural resources that may be found in the environment. It is the most essential element of life. All living things, including humans, depend on water to survive, as do other species. Regretfully, water contamination has become a significant worldwide issue because of industrialization and irresponsible consumption. Moreover, low-quality water is poisonous to entire ecosystems due to its hazardous chemical and microbial contents. The issue is made much more dangerous by the lack of accessible tools for monitoring water quality other than costly laboratory tests. In this study, we developed an integrated system to measure water quality using the Internet of Things. Among the sensors, the system makes use of are Turbidity, pH (potential of hydrogen), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), and water temperature. The embedded system is involved in this project as well. It will help with the establishment of wireless data transmission and sensor device detection. We employed LoRa technology alongside a cellular network ensuring effective communication. Firebase was utilized as the backend platform to securely store and manage the sensor data. The information can be tracked via a mobile or online application. Based on the sensor data, the water environment's quality was assessed and problems with the water's quality were anticipated to prevent the spread of contamination.
Performance Analysis of RIS-Assisted Index Modulation for Terahertz Communications
Authors: Bhasakar Rao V. Shiva , Naick B. Suribabu
Published: January 2025

The significance of Terahertz (THz) communication for the upcoming sixth generation (6G) communications, which offers abundant bandwidth for high-speed data transmission. However, THz frequencies face challenges such as propagation attenuation and molecular absorption that limit their coverage range. To address this issue, the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and index modulation (IM) has been proposed to extend coverage and reduce bit error rates (BER) at low transmitted power. This paper introduces a novel RIS-assisted IM system for THz communication, employing semi-definite relaxation (SDR) optimization techniques for passive beam forming at the detector. The proposed system, named PRIS-IM, demonstrates superior performance compared to conventional RIS-IM (CRIS-IM) and conventional IM (CIM) without RIS in THz frequencies. Simulation results illustrate a lower BER at a higher signal to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved by increasing the number of passive elements. Furthermore, the mutual information (MI) of the PRIS-IM system is derived and validated with simulation, and the achievable rate of the PRIS-IM system is improved by increasing the number of transmitting antennas and reflecting elements. Moreover, the PRIS-IM system is analyzed in different channel scenarios and distances. Overall, the proposed system exhibits the potential to significantly enhance the BER and MI performance of THz communication, indicating promising prospects for future wireless networks.
Design of Microstrip Filtering Antenna for 5G band and LTE Applications
Authors: neem Thas , Kumar M. Pranay , Boddu Ramesh , Vinay K. P.
Published: January 2025

A filtering antenna is a type of antenna that not only receives or transmits electromagnetic signals but also filters out unwanted frequencies or interference. It combines the functions of an antenna and a filter, typically a bandpass filter, to only allow specific frequency ranges to pass through while rejecting others. The goal of the current work is to design a Snow flake-Koch fractal microstrip filtering antenna to operate at 2.1GHz and 4.98GHz for 2.1GHz band 5Gn1 LTE Applications and Wi-Fi applications. Better impedance bandwidth is by optimizing the shape of the patch using snow flake fractal up to 2nd iteration. To achieve the filtering characteristics to utilize the proposed design at mentioned applications a Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR) band pass filter is used with appropriate dimensions. The 10dB return loss bandwidth of the proposed design is 11%, with the maximum gain values of 2.4dB and 2.08dB. It is observed that there is very good agreement between the simulated results and measured results.