bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Social Creativity
Authors: Saunders Rob , Bown Oliver
Published: August 2015

This article reviews the development of computational models of creativity where social interactions are central. We refer to this area as computational social creativity. Its context is described, including the broader study of creativity, the computational modeling of other social phenomena, and computational models of individual creativity. Computational modeling has been applied to a number of areas of social creativity and has the potential to contribute to our understanding of creativity. A number of requirements for computational models of social creativity are common in artificial life and computational social science simulations. Three key themes are identified: (1) computational social creativity research has a critical role to play in understanding creativity as a social phenomenon and advancing computational creativity by making clear epistemological contributions in ways that would be challenging for other approaches; (2) the methodologies developed in artificial life and computational social science carry over directly to computational social creativity; and (3) the combination of computational social creativity with individual models of creativity presents significant opportunities and poses interesting challenges for the development of integrated models of creativity that have yet to be realized.
International Criminal Tribunals in the Shadow of Strasbourg and Politics of Cross-fertilisation
Authors: Vasiliev Sergey
Published: August 2015

This article takes a critical view on the debates around the phenomenon of jurisprudential cross-fertilisation between international criminal tribunals and human rights courts, in particular the European Court of Human Rights. Asymmetries of cross-citation and influence along this axis of cross-judicial communication can be explained by distinct judicial styles and uneven mutual relevance, rather than by any sort of hierarchy. However, the discourse surrounding the tribunal-oriented ‘cross-fertilisation’ has a normative pull that introduces an informal hierarchy, which is a means to ensure the tribunals’ conformity with human rights law. However valid its agenda may be, this approach is legally groundless and incompatible with the terms of transjudicial communication and it underestimates the pluralist nature of international human rights, among other discontents. Ultimately, it is also ineffective in serving its main ideological purpose.
Taking Local Agency Seriously: Practical Hybrids and Domestic Violence in Timor-Leste
Authors: Kirk Tom
Published: August 2015

For many observers, state-building in Timor-Leste has overlooked and undermined local norms and governance practices, resulting in a potentially destabilising distance between citizens and the state. The emerging state justice system has been singled out for imposing inaccessible and alien institutions onto a population that has historically fought to retain its identity. Nonetheless, viewing access to justice as central to development and peace, local and international organisations continue to work to aid the equitable and swift resolution of disputes. Drawing upon qualitative fieldwork that examined a recent legal aid and paralegal programme, this article argues that some of these efforts are addressing earlier criticisms through the creation of practical hybrids; practices that use both imported and existing social norms to fulfil their clients’ needs. However, the article concludes that such programmes should identify opportunities to introduce checks and balances that can further protect the vulnerable groups.
Cephaloziella biokoensis sp. nov. (Marchantiopsida, Cephaloziellaceae), from the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea)

Authors: Vána Jiri , Müller Frank
Published: August 2015

A new species, Cephaloziella biokoensis Vá a & F.Müller, is described and illustrated. The type locality is at the highest point of the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea) at an altitude of ca. 2900 m NN. The new species belongs to subgenus Prionolobus (Spruce) Müll.Frib. and is closely related to C. turneri (Hook.) Müll.Frib. The main differences between these two species are shown in a table.
Two new records of Syrrhopodon (Calymperaceae, Musci) in SE Asia.

Authors: Ellis Len
Published: August 2015

Syrrhopodon mammillosus Müll. Hal. is newly recorded for the Philippine moss flora, and Syrrhopodon katemensis (Zant.) L.T. Ellis is newly recorded for the moss flora of Borneo.
Presencia de Bryopsida fértil en los niveles Westfalianos del subgrup Itararé, Cuenca de Paraná, Brasil

Authors: Amaral Paula G.C. , De Oliveira Mary Bernardes , Ricardi-Branco Fresia , Broutin Jean
Published: August 2015

The bryophyte fossils are rare, mainly in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in spite of being present since the Silurian Period. In the Division Bryophyta, the fossils that belong to the Class Bryopsida are recognized since the Carboniferous, but they are extremely scarce. They are plentiful only in Permian sediments, in the Petchora, Kuznetsk and Russian Platform basins, also in Antarctica, Karoo basin (the last in South Africa) and India. Identified at the genus Dwykea, gametophyte specimens bearing pleurocarpous sporophyte were recovered from the lowermost levels of Itararé Subgroup, near Campinas city, S. Paulo State. These fossils correspond to the first register of bryophyte female gametophyte for the Carboniferous Period. The microflora in association with these fossils allow correlations of these levels to the Palynozone Ahrensisporites cristatus of Westphalian age. Related to proglacial sediments, they may correspond to a tundra vegetation covering the Northeastern border of Paraná Basin, during the Westphalian.
New and interesting Campylopus records from South Africa
Authors: Frahm Jan-Peter , Hedderson Terry
Published: August 2015

New records are presented based on a collection of Campylopus specimens made by the second author in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. . The austral species Campylopus clavatus (R. Brown) Wils. in Hook. and Campylopus vesticaulis Mitt. are reported for the first time for Africa, and Campylopus acuminatus Mitt. var. kirkii (Mitt.) J.-P. Frahm is recorded for the second time for Africa. Campylopus arctocarpus (Hornsch.) Mitt. ssp. madegassus (Besch.) J.-P. Frahm is reported for the first time for the Republic of South Africa, and this is the southernmost record of this species. Campylopus simii Schelpe is not synonymous with C. julaceus Jaeg. ssp. arbogastii (Ren. & Card.) J.-P. Frahm but combined here as new as a variety of C. pilifer Brid.
Studies on Barbula flavicans D.G. Long and related taxa

Authors: Sollman Philip
Published: August 2015

Barbula flavicans D.G. Long replaces Barbula consanguinea (Thwaites & Mitt.) A. Jaeger sensu Eddy. This is a variable species. The types of several mainly Asian taxa were studied. Fifteen taxa are proposed as new synonyms of Barbula flavicans. Barbula (?) anceps Cardot is Barbula arcuata Griff.
Additions to the Bryophyte Flora of the Neotropics
Authors: Lüth Michael , Schäfer-Verwimp Alfons
Published: August 2015

New and remarkable records of bryophytes from Venezuela, Brazil, Costa Rica and Ecuador are reported. Diphyscium chiapense and Hedwigia ciliata var. leucophaea are new to South America. New to Venezuela are Grimmia reflexidens, Metzgeria claviflora, Pilopogon peruvianus and Racomitrium subsecundum; Grimmia navicularis and G. trichophylla are firstly reported for Brazil; Aphanolejeunea microscopica var. africana, A. minuta, A. sintenisii, Cololejeunea bischleriana, Metalejeunea cucullata, and Hyophila nymaniana represent new records for Costa Rica, and new to Ecuador are Diphyscium longifolium, Erpodium beccarii, Macrocolura sagittistipula, and (for continental Ecuador) Marchantia berteroana. Further new records to the states of that countries and rarely collected species are listed. All specimens are deposited in the private herbaria of the authors, duplicates in different herbaria as indicated.
A new genus and two new species of Rhopalophorini Blanchard, 1845 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae)
Authors: MARTINS UBIRAJARA R. , GALILEO MARIA HELENA M. , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: August 2015

A new genus and two new species of  Rhopalophorini Blanchard, 1845 are described, and figured: Allorhopaliella boliviana, gen. nov, sp. nov., from Bolivia; and Rhopalophora peruana sp. nov., from Peru. The new species of Rhopalophora Audinet-Serville, 1834 is included in a previous key.
The description of the female of Platycheirus troll Mutin (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a preliminary key to the Northern Palaearctic females of the Platycheirus clypeatus group
Authors: HAARTO ANTTI
Published: August 2015

The female of Platycheirus troll Mutin is described. A preliminary key to the females of the Northern Palaearctic species of the Platycheirus clypeatus group is presented. The possibility to identify the undescribed female of Platycheirus magadanensis Mutin is discussed.
A new species of Anoplodactylus (Pycnogonida: Phoxichilidiidae) from Brazil, with a case of gynandromorphism in Anoplodactylus eroticus Stock, 1968
Authors: LUCENA RUDÁ AMORIM , ARAÚJO JOAFRÂNCIO PEREIRA DE , CHRISTOFFERSEN MARTIN LINDSEY
Published: August 2015

A new species of Anoplodactylus was discovered in coral reefs from the State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. A. mirim sp. nov. is very small and is characterized for having 3 teeth on the cheliphores and a very small cement gland. It belongs to the A. pygmaeus complex, which contains very small species. A. batangensis is recorded for the first time along the Brazilian coast, and A. eroticus is recorded for the first time in the South Atlantic. We record the fifth known case of gynandromorphism, the fourth for Anoplodactylus, based on two specimens of A. eroticus.
Descriptions of two new and one newly recorded enchytraeid species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from the Ozegahara Mire, a heavy snowfall highmoor in Central Japan
Authors: TORII TAKAAKI
Published: August 2015

Three species of semi-aquatic freshwater Enchytraeidae of the genera Mesenchytraeus Eisen, 1878, Chamaedrilus Friend, 1913 and Globulidrilus Christensen & Dózsa-Farkas, 2012 are described from stream, wet soil or snow habitats in the Ozegahara Mire, an extensive high moor in heavy snowfall area in central Japan. Among Mesenchytraeus speies, Mesenchytraeus nivalis sp. nov. is distinguished by not having enlarged chaetae and spermathecal diverticula, vas deferens with atrial glands 3 or 4 in number and club-shaped, spermathecal ental duct short, with sperm bundles in the sperm sack. Chamaedrilus ozensis sp. nov. closely resembles C. floridae, but the length of the sperm funnel and character of the coelomocytes are different. Globulidrilus helgei Christensen & Dózsa-Farkas, 2012 is recorded for the first time from Japan.
The North Pacific–Driven Severe Midwest Winter of 2013/14
Authors: Marinaro Alan , Hilberg Steve , Changnon David , Angel James R.
Published: August 2015

The severe 2013/14 winter (December–March) in the Midwest was dominated by a persistent atmospheric circulation pattern anchored to a North Pacific Ocean that was much warmer than average. Strong teleconnection magnitudes of the eastern Pacific oscillation (−EPO), tropical Northern Hemisphere pattern (+TNH), and second-lowest Hudson Bay 500-hPa geopotential height field are indicators that led to severe winter weather across the eastern United States. Unlike in previous cold and snowy midwestern winters, Atlantic Ocean blocking played little to no role in the winter of 2013/14. The primary atmospheric feature of the 2013/14 winter was the 500-hPa high pressure anchored over the North Pacific in response to the extremely warm sea surface temperature anomalies observed of +3.7 standard deviations. Only one other severe midwestern winter (1983/84) since 1950 featured a similar Pacific blocking. The accumulated winter season severity index, which is a metric that combines daily snowfall, snow depth, and temperature data for the winter season, was used to compare the 2013/14 winter with past winters since 1950. Detroit, Michigan, and Duluth, Minnesota, experienced their worst winter of the 55-yr period. Seven climate divisions in northern Illinois, eastern Iowa, and parts of Wisconsin experienced record-cold mean temperatures. These climate conditions were associated with a number of impacts, including a disruption to the U.S. economy, the second-highest ice coverage of the Great Lakes since 1973, and a flight-cancellation rate that had not been seen in 25 years.
Reassessing Conceptual Models of ENSO
Authors: Graham Felicity S. , Brown Jaclyn N. , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Holbrook Neil J.
Published: August 2015

The complex nature of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is often simplified through the use of conceptual models, each of which offers a different perspective on the ocean–atmosphere feedbacks underpinning the ENSO cycle. One theory, the unified oscillator, combines a variety of conceptual frameworks in the form of a coupled system of delay differential equations. The system produces a self-sustained oscillation on interannual time scales. While the unified oscillator is assumed to provide a more complete conceptual framework of ENSO behaviors than the models it incorporates, its formulation and performance have not been systematically assessed. This paper investigates the accuracy of the unified oscillator through its ability to replicate the ENSO cycle modeled by flux-forced output from the Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator Ocean Model (ACCESS-OM). The anomalous sea surface temperature equation reproduces the main features of the corresponding tendency modeled by ACCESS-OM reasonably well. However, the remaining equations for the thermocline depth anomaly and zonal wind stress anomalies are unable to accurately replicate the corresponding tendencies in ACCESS-OM. Modifications to the unified oscillator, including a diagnostic form of the zonal wind stress anomaly equations, improve its ability to emulate simulated ENSO tendencies. Despite these improvements, the unified oscillator model is less adept than the delayed oscillator model it incorporates in capturing ENSO behavior in ACCESS-OM, bringing into question its usefulness as a unifying ENSO framework.
Seasonality in Prediction Skill and Predictable Pattern of Tropical Indian Ocean SST
Authors: Zhu Jieshun , Huang Bohua , Kumar Arun , Kinter III James L.
Published: August 2015

Seasonality of sea surface temperature (SST) predictions in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) was investigated using hindcasts (1982–2009) made with the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). CFSv2 produced useful predictions of the TIO SST with lead times up to several months. A substantial component of this skill was attributable to signals other than the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The prediction skill of the IOD index, defined as the difference between the SST anomaly (SSTA) averaged over 10°S–0°, 90°–110°E and 10°S–10°N, 50°–70°E, had strong seasonality, with high scores in the boreal autumn. In spite of skill in predicting its two poles with longer leads, CFSv2 did not have skill significantly better than persistence in predicting IOD. This was partly because the seasonal nature of IOD intrinsically limits its predictability.

The seasonality of the predictable patterns of the TIO SST was further explored by applying the maximum signal-to-noise (MSN) empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method to the predicted SSTA in March and October, respectively. The most predictable pattern in spring was the TIO basin warming, which is closely associated with El Niño. The basin mode, including its associated atmospheric anomalies, can be predicted at least 9 months ahead, even though some biases were evident. On the other hand, the most predictable pattern in fall was characterized by the IOD mode. This mode and its associated atmospheric variations can be skillfully predicted only 1–2 seasons ahead. Statistically, the predictable IOD mode coexists with El Niño; however, the 1994 event in a non-ENSO year (at least not a canonical ENSO year) can also be predicted at least 3 months ahead by CFSv2.
Gridded Ensemble Precipitation and Temperature Estimates for the Contiguous United States
Authors: Newman Andrew J. , Clark Martyn P. , Craig Jason , Nijssen Bart , Wood Andrew , Gutmann Ethan , Mizukami Naoki , Brekke Levi , Arnold Jeff R.
Published: August 2015

Gridded precipitation and temperature products are inherently uncertain because of myriad factors, including interpolation from a sparse observation network, measurement representativeness, and measurement errors. Generally uncertainty is not explicitly accounted for in gridded products of precipitation or temperature; if it is represented, it is often included in an ad hoc manner. A lack of quantitative uncertainty estimates for hydrometeorological forcing fields limits the application of advanced data assimilation systems and other tools in land surface and hydrologic modeling. This study develops a gridded, observation-based ensemble of precipitation and temperature at a daily increment for the period 1980–2012 for the conterminous United States, northern Mexico, and southern Canada. This allows for the estimation of precipitation and temperature uncertainty in hydrologic modeling and data assimilation through the use of the ensemble variance. Statistical verification of the ensemble indicates that it has generally good reliability and discrimination of events of various magnitudes but has a slight wet bias for high threshold events (>50 mm). The ensemble mean is similar to other widely used hydrometeorological datasets but with some important differences. The ensemble product produces a more realistic occurrence of precipitation statistics (wet day fraction), which impacts the empirical derivation of other fields used in land surface and hydrologic modeling. In terms of applications, skill in simulations of streamflow in 671 headwater basins is similar to other coarse-resolution datasets. This is the first version, and future work will address temporal correlation of precipitation anomalies, inclusion of other data streams, and examination of topographic lapse rate choices.
Improved Surface Velocity and Trajectory Estimates in the Gulf of Mexico from Blended Satellite Altimetry and Drifter Data
Authors: Berta Maristella , Griffa Annalisa , Magaldi Marcello G. , Özgökmen Tamay M. , Poje Andrew C. , Haza Angelique C. , Olascoaga M. Josefina
Published: August 2015

This study investigates the results of blending altimetry-based surface currents in the Gulf of Mexico with available drifter observations. Here, subsets of trajectories obtained from the near-simultaneous deployment of about 300 Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) surface drifters provide both input and control data. The fidelity of surface velocity fields are measured in the Lagrangian frame by a skill score that compares the separation between observed and hindcast trajectories to the observed absolute dispersion. Trajectories estimated from altimetry-based velocities provide satisfactory average results (skill score > 0.4) in large (~100 km) open-ocean structures. However, the distribution of skill score values within these structures is quite variable. In the DeSoto Canyon and on the shelf where smaller-scale structures are present, the overall altimeter skill score is typically reduced to less than 0.2. After 3 days, the dataset-averaged distance between hindcast and drifter trajectories, , is about 45 km—only slightly less than the average dispersion of the observations, km. Blending information from a subset of drifters via a variational method leads to significant improvements in all dynamical regimes. Skill scores typically increase to 0.8 with reduced to less than half of . Blending available drifter information with altimetry data restores velocity field variability at scales not directly sampled by the altimeter and introduces ageostrophic components that cannot be described by simple Ekman superposition. The proposed method provides a means to improve the fidelity of near-real-time synoptic estimates of ocean surface velocity fields by combining altimetric data with modest numbers of in situ drifter observations.
Hyoid Bone Syndrome: A Retrospective Review of 84 Patients Treated with Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections
Authors: Stern Noah , Jackson-Menaldi Cristina , Rubin Adam D.
Published: August 2015

Objectives:

We present a cohort of patients with hyoid bone syndrome who were treated with injections of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL), in order to raise awareness of this condition, validate its existence, and demonstrate the efficacy of this treatment.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who were given a diagnosis of and treated for hyoid bone syndrome by the senior author (A.D.R.) between 2006 and 2009.

Results:

Eighty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients presented with throat pain and had tenderness of 1 (63%) or both (38%) greater cornua of the hyoid bone. Seventy-four percent of the patients had complete resolution of symptoms with injection of the affected side(s), 15% had a partial response, and 10% had no response. One patient had a recurrence at 3 months and chose not to receive another treatment. Forty-five of the 62 patients with a complete response required only 1 injection. Forty-three patients (51%) also complained of dysphonia, only 5 of whom had additional laryngeal disorders that accounted for the dysphonia.

Conclusions:

Hyoid bone syndrome should be considered in patients who present with throat pain. Injection of triamcinolone into the affected greater cornu can confirm the diagnosis and resolve symptoms. A positive response to triamcinolone injection may obviate the need for additional testing and procedures.
The Upper Esophageal Sphincter is Not Round: A Pilot Study Evaluating a Novel, Physiology-Based Approach to Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dilation
Authors: Belafsky Peter C. , Plowman Emily K. , Mehdizadeh Omid , Cates Daniel , Domer Amanda , Yen Kaicheng
Published: August 2015

Objectives:

Recent basic science investigations have suggested that the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), in cross section, is not round, but that it more closely approximates a kidney shape. Dilation with simultaneous use of two cylindrical dilators provides a novel, physiology-based approach to UES distention. We evaluated the initial safety and efficacy of UES dilation with simultaneous use of two controlled radial expansion balloon dilators.

Methods:

Using a computerized database, we reviewed the charts of all persons who underwent UES dilation with simultaneous use of two radial expansion balloon dilators between December 1, 2011, and March 15, 2012. Information regarding patient demographics, indications, technique, and complications was abstracted. Self-reported swallowing impairment was assessed with the validated 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10).

Results:

Ten individuals underwent simultaneous dilation with two dilators. Their mean age was 65 years (SD, 14 years), and 7 (70%) of them were male. The indications for dilation were radiation-induced UES stenosis (50%), cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (30%), upper esophageal web (10%), and anastomotic stricture (10%). After the double-balloon dilation, no complications were reported. The mean EAT-10 score improved significantly, from 34.3 (SD, 13.5) to 16.7 (SD, 8.4), after the simultaneous dilation (p = 0.003).

Conclusions:

Pilot data suggest that simultaneous dilation of the UES with two controlled radial expansion balloon dilators is feasible, safe, and effective. Future investigation is necessary to confirm the safety of this technique in a larger cohort and to use objective measures of efficacy to compare the technique to conventional dilation with a single dilator.
Role of Computerized Dynamic Posturography in Evaluating Sinugenic Vertigo
Authors: Gavriel Haim , Shlamkovitch Nathan , Kessler Alex , Eviatar Ephraim
Published: August 2015

Objectives:

Vertigo associated with rhinosinusitis has seldom been reported, and the pathophysiologic mechanism is still vague. Our aim was to evaluate sinugenic vertigo with computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) and suggest a possible pathophysiologic mechanism.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective study of 16 patients with a clinical and radiologic diagnosis of rhinosinusitis made between January 2007 and December 2008. All patients underwent CDP on the first 2 days after diagnosis. Patients with abnormal CDP results and/or complaints of vertigo underwent follow-up CDP when healthy.

Results:

Five patients complained of a new onset of vertigo. The CDP demonstrated a combined disorder in 3 of them, even though the vestibular signs were intact. On follow-up examination, all 3 patients were asymptomatic, and the follow-up CDP values were normal.

Conclusions:

We report a surprising 20% prevalence of sinugenic vertigo associated with abnormal results on CDP. Our results might possibly indicate that the somatosensory system of the paranasal sinuses plays a major role in the pathophysiologic mechanism of sinugenic vertigo.
Cervical Osteomyelitis after Carbon Dioxide Laser Excision of Recurrent Carcinoma of the Posterior Pharyngeal Wall
Authors: Timmermans A. Jacqueline , Brandsma Dieta , Smeele Ludi E. , Rosingh Andert W. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Lohuis Peter J. F. M.
Published: August 2015

Two patients with recurrent carcinoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall, previously treated with carbon dioxide (CO2) laser excision and (chemo)radiotherapy, presented with neck pain due to cervical osteomyelitis. In one patient this led to cervical spine instability, for which a haloframe was applied. Our working hypothesis was that cervical osteomyelitis was caused by an infected wound bed induced by CO2 laser excision of the tumor in the already vascular-compromised area of the irradiated posterior pharyngeal wall. We discuss the risks of leaving a wound for secondary granulation after CO2 laser excision of the posterior pharyngeal wall and prophylactic antibiotic treatment.
Robot-Assisted Neck Dissection Through a Modified Facelift Incision
Authors: Albergotti William G. , Byrd James K. , Nance Melonie , Choi Eun Chang , Koh Yoon Woo , Kim Seungwon , Duvvuri Umamaheswar
Published: August 2015

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to describe the feasibility as well as oncologic outcomes of robot-assisted neck dissection (RAND) through a modified facelift incision in an American population.

Study Design:

Retrospective case series.

Setting:

University tertiary care hospital.

Methods:

All patients who underwent RAND between November 2012 and December 2014 were included. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, medical histories, staging, operative information, postoperative hospital course and complications, and oncologic outcomes.

Results:

There were 11 RANDs identified among 10 patients. Five patients had known nodal metastasis at the time of surgery. Two patients had been previously irradiated. The average time of surgery was 284.4 ± 72.3 minutes, including other associated procedures. The average lymph node yield was 28.5 ± 9.3 nodes. There were no major complications. Average follow-up was 19.4 months. There was 1 supraclavicular recurrence in a previously irradiated patient. All patients are currently alive and without evidence of disease.

Conclusions:

Robot-assisted neck dissection is a safe and feasible procedure that can be performed by surgeons with familiarity with neck dissection and robot-assisted surgery and who have been trained in RAND. Appropriate oncologic outcomes can be obtained in a patient wishing to avoid a noticeable scar.
The Relationship Between Perceived Greenness and Perceived Restorativeness of University Campuses and Student-Reported Quality of Life
Authors: Hipp J. Aaron , Gulwadi Gowri Betrabet , Alves Susana , Sequeira Sonia
Published: August 2015

University students are exposed to many stressors, necessitating opportunities for restoration. Research has indicated that actual experiences in nearby green spaces are associated with restorative psychological and physiological health benefits. However, the perception of greenness and restorativeness of environments might also impact health outcomes. Can green campus spaces provide restorative potential to university students? Do students perceive the greenness and restorative benefits? To explore these questions, students at three universities (convenience sample) were surveyed with items on perceived greenness of campus, perceived restorativeness of campus, and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale. Results indicate that those with higher perceived campus greenness report greater quality of life, a pathway significantly and partially mediated by perceived campus restorativeness. Future research should help identify effective ways in which university green spaces can be developed as health resources for students.
Climate Change Skepticism and Voting Behavior
Authors: McCrea Rod , Leviston Zoe , Walker Iain A.
Published: August 2015

Political will for action on climate change requires support from the electorate and low levels of climate change skepticism. Rational models suggest that skepticism influences voting behavior; however, other theories suggest the reverse direction of influence may also hold. There is a body of research on associations between climate change skepticism and political preferences, but this has been limited to cross-sectional analyses. This article uses longitudinal data and cross-lagged modeling to infer the direction of influence in a post-election context. We found that voting behavior influenced climate change skepticism after an election more than climate change skepticism influenced voting intentions. This suggests that partisan politics increases fluctuations in climate change skepticism, and there may be more or less opportune times to pursue climate change policies. Similar research is now needed in pre- and mid-election cycle contexts to determine the direction of influence over the election cycle.
La Grande Guerra e l’italianità: Il discorso nazionale di Giuseppe Ungaretti
Authors: Gennaro Rosario
Published: August 2015

Ricordiamo di più il poeta dell’oltranza, del mistero, calato negli arcani della parola e dell’essere. La poetica di Ungaretti non è però sganciata dalla vita, dalla storia, dalla rete dei rapporti nel mondo delle lettere. Lo dimostra, in particolare, il discorso sulla Grande Guerra. Esso palesa un complesso retroterra biografico (discendenza lucchese, nascita in Egitto, formazione francese), ma riflette anche un grande tema del dibattito culturale: l’interpretazione del conflitto come epilogo del Risorgimento, fucina d’italianità, crogiolo dell’unità morale degli italiani. Idea diffusa, tra l’altro, nell’ “avanguardia fiorentina”, ovvero nella famiglia intellettuale del poeta. Egli si identifica con la nazione in armi, in essa trova compiutezza, radicamento e armonia. Questa integra matrici identitarie diverse (italiane, straniere e lucchesi) in sintonia col nazionalismo (modernista, cosmopolita e regionalista) rilevato in area vociana. Le metafore e il lessico di Ungaretti afferiscono alle sfere della morte e del martirio, della rinascita e del battesimo, con richiami alla Bibbia e alla letteratura risorgimentale, in linea con la tipica morfologia del discorso nazionale italiano. Ricompaiono, con sensibili variazioni, in fasi successive, non di rado in rapporto con l’adesione al fascismo.
Understanding Cognitive-Emotional Processing Through a Coaching Process
Authors: Mosteo Leticia P. , Batista-Foguet Joan Manuel , Mckeever Joshua D. , Serlavós Ricard
Published: August 2015

This study is based on intentional change theory and supports cognitive-emotion and social complexity perspectives regarding positive and negative affect. We examine how a coaching experience guided by a specific theoretical approach within a leadership development program at a European business school influences cognitive-emotional processing of MBA students with regard to their levels of personal vision comprehensiveness and strength, goal-directed energy, and resilience. A within-subjects pre–post Non-Equivalent Dependent Variables design with a total of 76 students was conducted using survey methods. A rigorous analysis sheds light on how intentional change theory–based coaching enhances individual self-development processes. Participants stated higher levels of personal vision, goal-directed energy, and resilience postcoaching. A series of moderator effects were identified regarding the quality of the coaching connection (i.e., overall emotional saliency) and the general self-efficacy of participants. Implications concerning how coaching processes may be enriched through the establishment of high-quality coaching connections are discussed.
Culture and Psychology in the 21st Century
Authors: Kashima Yoshihisa
Published: August 2015

At the end of the 20th century, a survey of the metatheoretical landscape of culture and psychology noted an emerging consensus—physicalist ontology, gene–culture co-evolutionary phylogeny, gene–culture interactionist ontogeny, and a mutual constitutionist view of culture and mind. Revisiting the terrain now, the then emerging consensus seems well established, but new challenges appear on the horizon, prompting us to expand our metatheoretical scope. Extending beyond phylogeny, we need to consider a geological timescale, and further naturalizing the culture concept, we need to consider culture and human activity within the planetary system. According to some, we have left the Holocene, and entered into the Anthropocene, a geological epoch in which human activities have such a disproportionate impact that it deserves to be prefaced by humanity. Psychology with interests in culture can play a critical role in human efforts to investigate the psychological processes involved in the cultural change and to reconceptualize humans’ place in nature.
Shared Attention at the Origin
Authors: Shteynberg Garriy
Published: August 2015

What is at the origin of a descriptive norm’s power to influence people? The standard explanation posits that a perceived widespread frequency of a given behavior signals a groupwide attitudinal agreement with that behavior, which in turn further encourages that behavior. Alternatively, I argue that the psychological power behind descriptive norms lies in the social nature of the attentional mode in which typical behavior is encountered. I introduce the reader to recent research on shared attention and its cognitive, attitudinal, affective, and behavioral consequences. Then, I use the shared attention perspective to further understand the psychological power of descriptive norms.
New directions in Barthian ethics
Authors: Taylor Derek W.
Published: August 2015

This article highlights the located and embodied nature of Karl Barth’s theological ethics by situating Barth within his socio-political context. While the vast majority of scholars who engage with Barth’s ethics focus their attention predominantly on his mature work in Church Dogmatics, I claim that his occasional writings and speaking engagements in the years leading up to the Second World War shed important light on his later reflections. While it is often claimed that Barth one-sidedly focuses on divine action and grace to the detriment of authentic human action, I claim that when Barth’s one-sidedness is situated in his context and when we grasp the precise nature of his animating concerns, the performative goals he seeks to effect with his theology become clear. We are thus able to see that Barth does not abandon the theme of formation (as many critics claim). In fact, his theology leading up to the Second World War is one-sided precisely as a means of forming and equipping Christians in Germany to withstand the looming threat of the National-Socialist Church. This thesis opens the door to constructive conversations between theories of Christian formation (commonly found in theologies that prioritize narrative and ecclesiology) and Barth’s Christocentric theology (which prioritizes divine action and freedom). For the mature Barth, these conversations will centre on the theme of missionary participation in the ongoing work of Christ.
Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Cochlear Otosclerosis
Authors: Blakley Brian W. , Hilger Peter A. , Taylor Saul , Hilger Jerome
Published: August 2015

Twelve patients with surgically proven otosclerosis and sensorineural hearing loss were studied with high‐resolution computed tomography (CT). The purpose was to Identify abnormal bony changes that could be diagnostic of cochlear otosclerosis. Of the 24 temporal bones thus studied, 10 showed positive findings. The findings in our study—as well as those of others—show a pericochlear zone of radiolucency. The precise origin of this is undetermined.
The Effect of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Metallic Middle Ear Prostheses
Authors: Mattucci Kenneth F. , Setzen Michael , Hyman Roger , Chaturvedi Govind
Published: August 2015

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, a relatively new diagnostic instrument, is a noninvasive imaging method which, among its many advantages, uses no ionizing radiation. There are a few limitations and contraindications to its use. There may be displacement of intracerebral aneurysm clips and metallic implants, and cardiac pacemakers can be disabled because of the high magnetic field created by this device. We studied the effects of a magnetic field on metallic middle ear prosthetics and concluded that nuclear magnetic resonance imaging should offer no risks to hearing or otologic function in patients with nonferromagnetic metallic middle ear prosthetics. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is contraindicated in patients with cochlear implants.
Ototoxicity of Cisplatin vs. Platinum Analogs CBDCA (JM‐8) and CHIP (JM‐9)
Authors: Schweitzer Vanessa G. , Rarey Kyle E. , Dolan David F. , Abrams Gerald , Litterst Charles J. , Sheridan Chris
Published: August 2015

Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin), a divalent platinum compound and cell‐cycle nonspecific chemotherapeutic agent, produces a permanent high‐frequency sensorineural hearing loss and a dose‐related cumulative renal insufficiency with tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis. Synthetic platinum analogs are presently being tested to identify an analog with greater antitumor activity, but less ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity than cisplatin. The objectives of this study were to analyze the potential cochlear and nephrotoxic effects of two synthetic platinum analogs presently in phases I and II of clinical trials, CBDCA [JM‐8 or cis‐diammine, 1,1‐cyclobutane dicarboxylato (2)‐0,01‐platinum (NSC‐241240)] and CHIP [JM‐9 or cis‐dichloro‐trans‐dihydroxybisisopropylamine platinum IV (NSC‐256927)]. Cytocochleography, auditory brain‐stem evoked response (ABR), double‐blind light microscopy of renal tissues, and gamma emission analysis of 195mpt localization in viscera and inner ear were employed in the evaluation of cisplatin and platinum analogs (JM‐8 and JM‐9) in adult guinea pigs. Final results indicate that the investigational chemotherapeutic analogs CBDCA (JM‐8) and CHIP (JM‐9) do not produce the ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity characteristic of cisplatin. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate 195mpt localization in the vestibular labyrinth and confirm previous platinum distribution studies in the organ of Corti and stria vascularis tissues.
The Effect of Alpha‐Adrenergic Stimulation and Blockade on Perfusion of Myocutaneous Flaps
Authors: Moore Grant K. , Trachy Ronald E. , Cummings Charles W.
Published: August 2015

A porcine myocutaneous flap model was utilized to assess the development of denervation adrenergic hypersensitivity and to determine the effects of the alpha‐adrenergic blocking agent—phenoxybenzamine—on flap blood perfusion. During intravenous administration of norepinephrine, blood flow to the flaps and control skin was monitored simultaneously, using laser Doppler velocimetry and dermofluorometry. A relative decrease in myocufaneous flap blood flow, as compared to control skin in response to norepinephrine infusion, was observed at between 2 and 7 days following flap elevation. This is the same time period during which norepinephrine content of skin flaps is diminished, and suggests development of an increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation. Administration of phenoxybenzamine blunted norepinephrine‐induced pressor responses and blocked development of adrenergic hypersensitivity in the porcine myocufaneous flap model. Phenoxybenzamine significantly increased flap blood perfusion (as measured by dermofluorometry).
High‐Grade Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Bansberg Stephen F. , Olsen Kerry D. , Gaffey Thomas A.
Published: August 2015

High‐grade carcinoma of the oral cavity is considered to be an aggressive malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. The tumors are often considered to be relatively radiosensitive. Because previous reviews of oral cavity cancer have contained few patients with grade 4 lesions, little is known about the true behavior of these tumors. Information was collected on 80 patients with high‐grade carcinoma of the oral cavity to determine the clinical findings and optimal treatment of this tumor. Primary tumor location, presence of neck metastasis, and clinical stage did not affect survival. Tumor size was a significant risk factor. The 5‐year survival rate for patients with high‐grade carcinoma treated by combination surgery and radiation (52%) was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) than that for patients treated by radiation alone (28%) or surgery alone (24%). This study is the first to describe the clinical course of a large number of patients exclusively with high‐grade carcinoma of the oral cavity.
Teaching Indirect Mirror Laryngoscopy
Authors: Calhoun K.H. , Stiernberg C.M. , Quinn F.B , Clark W.D.
Published: August 2015

Indirect mirror laryngoscopy is difficult to learn. An anatomic model of the oropharynx and larynx is described here. This model is used to familiarize medical students with the component skills of mirror laryngoscopy. The students progress to competency at mirror laryngoscopy on patients more quickly after initial use of this model.
Reconstruction of the Destroyed Septal Infrastructure
Authors: Hellmich Sigurd
Published: August 2015

Destruction of the nasal septum can produce cosmetic and functional disturbances and is most commonly caused by trauma, septal abscess, and inadequate septal surgery. A method of reconstruction of the destroyed septal infrastructure is presented using a preserved rib cartilage allograft.
Diverticulopexy and Cricopharyngeal Myotomy: Treatment for the High‐Risk Patient with a Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker's) Diverticulum
Authors: Konowitz Paul M. , Biller Hugh F.
Published: August 2015

Although diverticulopexy for the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum was described more than 75 years ago, its use has been infrequently reported in the surgical literature. Between 1974 and 1987, thirty‐two patients manifested dysphagia caused by a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum. Twelve patients underwent diverticulopexy with cricopharyngeal myotomy, whereas the others had a one‐stage resection of the diverticulum with myotomy. Complications of diverticulectomy were rare, but included an instance of esophageal leak, which responded to conservative therapy. Despite this low complication rate, diverticulopexy with myotomy was used in patients who possessed risk factors that made them unsuitable candidates for diverticulectomy. These factors included a debilitated state from effects of the diverticulum, a history of postsurgical complications, multiple medical Illnesses, advanced age with inability to ambulate, and insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. A nasogastric tube was not necessary after diverticulopexy. This allowed oral intake on the first postoperative day, immediate ambulation, and a shorter hospital stay. Objective recurrence occurred in one patient who underwent diverticulopexy and myotomy caused by manipulation of the sac during a subsequent surgical procedure, but significant dysphagia did not occur. Thus, although diverticulectomy has proved to be a relatively safe procedure, diverticulopexy with cricopharyngeal myotomy is recommended for high‐risk patients in whom potential complications from diverticulum excision and prolonged hospitalization could be devastating.
Vestibular Evoked Potentials in Response to Direct Unilateral Mechanical Stimulation
Authors: Coale Franklin S. , Walsh Edward J. , McGee JoAnn , Konrad Horst R.
Published: August 2015

Evoked potentials produced by direct unilateral mechanical stimuiation of the cannulated horizontal semicircular canal were investigated parametrically in anesthetized adult cats (40 mg/kg pentobarbital). Stimuli were fluid pressure pulses in a closed hydraulic system (no net flow), which was coupled to the lateral semicircular canal near the ampulla. Hydraulic waveform output and fluid pressure was monitored In situ via a parallel hydraulic circuit during experiments. Maximum fluid displacement at the level of the horizontal canal was 0.025 microliters. The intensity, duration, and presentation rate of the stimulus were varied during experiments. Field potentials were recorded differentially using subdermal electrodes, with the active lead in the region of the mastoid referenced to a distant nasal site. A total of 256 trials was accumulated for each run using an averaging computer. Evoked responses were physiologically vulnerable and reproducible, with little variance among animals. Response amplitude Increased monotonically until saturation was noted and responses followed the temporal structure of the pressure wave. Polarity reversal with differir electrode placement suggests that the generator site lies within the mastoid. Buhner, intense broadband acoustic stimuli and eighth nerve sectioning did not affect the vestibular evoked potentials, but could be shown to abolish the auditory evoked potentials. Results of these experiments support the notion that vestibular evoked potentials are related to the first derivative of the pressure pulse waveforms. Future experiments will be directed toward the assessment of vestibular physiology and pharmacology with this evoked response method.
Glottic Closure during Swallowing in the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve‐Paralyzed Cat
Authors: Shin Takemoto , Umezaki Toshiro , Maeyama Tadatsugu , Morikawa Ikuro
Published: August 2015

Glottic closing pressure and time were quantitatively analyzed during deglutition and in reflex glottic closure elicited by superior laryngeal nerve stimulation by means of a catheter pressure transducer in the cat. Duration and peak pressure of glottic closure during deglutition were 322.6 ± 32.2 msec (mean ± SE) and 57.5 ± 6.0 mmHg, respectively, whereas peak pressure of the reflex glottic closure was 21.7 ± 6.1 mmHg in control animals. When the recurrent laryngeal nerve was denervated unilaterally, decrease in peak glottic closing pressure on swallowing was only about 36%, whereas the peak pressure of reflex glottic closure was markedly diminished to 4.5 ± 4.6%. When bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves denervated, decrease in peak pressure during deglutition showed no greater significance than It did after unilateral denervation. Inferior constrictors myotomy in addition to bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve denervation reduced peak pressure to nearly zero. These results indicate that on swallowing, the inferior constrictors cooperate with the intrinsic laryngeal adductors, thus playing a very important role in reinforcing glottic closure, a function that is unlikely during reflex glottic closure.
Computed Tomography after Skull Base Resection
Authors: Krespi Yosef P. , Weiss Michael H. , Reede Deborah L. , Bergeron Thomas
Published: August 2015

We have obtained serial CT scans in the evaluation and follow‐up of 80 patients with lesions of the skull base. CT scanning has been useful for assessment of recurrence in this group of patients, many of whom underwent complex ablative and reconstructive procedures.