bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Influence of African American, Caribbean and Hispanic/Latino Adults Regarding Decision to Participate in Health-Related Research
Authors: Gaillard Trudy , Shambley-Ebron Donna Z. , Vaccaro Joan A. , Neff Donna F. , Padovano Cynthia Morton , Swagger Phildra , Vieira Edgar , Webb Fern
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Identifying effective strategies to enroll African American, Caribbean, and Hispanic/Latino adults ≥65 years of age in health research is a public health priority. This study aimed to explore intergenerational influence (IGI) among these populations living throughout Florida. Methods: African American, Caribbean, and Hispanic/Latino adults ≥65 years of age and a trusted family member/friend between 25–64 years participated in virtual listening sessions (LS). Culturally matched facilitators used a semi-structured guide to lead LS that was recorded, transcribed, and uploaded into NVivo©. The constant comparative method was used for analysis. Results: 363 African American, Caribbean, and Hispanic/Latino participated in LS. Five (5) themes relate to IGI emerged: (1) parent-child relationships; (2) family caregiving/parental illness experiences; (3) historical research maltreatment; (4) transfer of cultural knowledge; and (5) future generations. Discussion: Our findings support that IGI can be leveraged to increase the participation of African American, Caribbean, and Hispanic/Latino older adults in health research.
Longitudinal associations between preschool children’s theory of mind, emotion understanding, and positive peer relationships
Authors: Johansen Linda , Óturai Gabriella , Jaggy Ann-Kathrin , Perren Sonja
Published: February 2024

The positive links between children’s theory of mind (ToM), emotion understanding, and positive peer relationships are well established. However, the existing literature lacks comprehensive studies investigating the longitudinal interplay between these components in preschool-aged children. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining the concurrent and longitudinal associations between young children’s social cognition and their positive peer relationships at three different time points over the course of 7 months. A sample of 211 preschool children (age in months: MT1 = 43.2, SDT1 = 6.6) underwent standardized assessments evaluating their ToM and emotion understanding, while playgroup educators reported on children’s positive peer relationships. Using multivariate latent growth modeling, we expected to find that higher levels of ToM and emotion understanding would be associated with a greater rate of change in positive peer relationships and that higher levels of positive peer relationships would be associated with a higher rate of change in ToM and emotion understanding. Contrary to our expectations, the results did not support the anticipated longitudinal associations. Nevertheless, a noteworthy correlation emerged between children’s emotion understanding and positive peer relationships at T1, in line with previous research and social-constructivist theories.
From formal subsumption under capital to primitive accumulation of capital: On the separation of labour from the objective conditions of production in Marx’s Capital
Authors: Arboledas-Lérida Luis
Published: February 2024

In contemporary Marxist studies, there has been a revival of two classic categories of the Critique of Political Economy, namely, ‘formal subsumption of labour under capital’ and ‘primitive accumulation of capital’. In contradistinction to traditional usages, Marxists authors consider that both belong, not to the historical past of capitalist production, but to its actuality. Regrettably, this recuperation has not been accompanied by a more thorough assessment of the methodological and political dimensions that are contained in both categories. This article aims to address this issue in the light of Marx’s use of the categories of formal subsumption of labour under capital and primitive accumulation of capital. In doing so, it will be demonstrated that they refer to the same process, namely, the separation of labour from the objective conditions of production, and that, given this internal connection, they co-evolve throughout Marx’s economic works, from Grundrisse to Capital, volume I. Moreover, it will be seen that the substitution of primitive accumulation for formal subsumption must be understood in Marx’s shift from a systematic to a historical approach to the historical process by which the capitalist mode of production came to life; and that Marx adopted this new perspective on both methodological and political grounds. The article also discusses the importance of contemporary Marxist scholarship of this examination of the methodological and political premises of Marx’s use of the notions of formal subsumption and primitive accumulation.
Framework for Integrating the Reliability of the Inspection Technique into Risk-Based Inspection Practice
Authors: Alharthi Aedh , Washer Glenn , Connor Robert
Published: February 2024

In compliance with recent (2022) federal legislation found in the Code of Federal Regulations Part 650 Subpart C, risk-based inspection (RBI) practices for determining inspection intervals for highway bridges are now permitted. The RBI approach allows for a systematic assessment of risk and prioritizes inspection resources where they are most needed. However, to ensure an optimal level of safety and serviceability, it is necessary to utilize reliable inspection techniques in conjunction with an appropriate inspection interval, as emphasized by National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 782. Utilizing ineffective inspection techniques may lead to uncertainty about the element’s condition and thus increase the risk associated with the component. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework that integrates a new factor, called the inspection effectiveness factor (IEF), into the RBI process to rationally estimate the inspection interval considering the reliability of the inspection technique. The inspection interval in the proposed approach is determined based on the damage mode, associated likelihood, consequences, and effectiveness of the inspection technique, offering a rational approach for decision-makers in estimating the inspection interval of bridges and identifying appropriate inspection techniques for different defects. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through experts’ judgment. In addition, the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study utilizing historical inspection reports.
Backward whirling behaviors of a twin-spool rotor system with coupling inter-shaft and rotor-stator rubbings
Authors: Shao Jun , Wu Jigang , Zhang Yuan
Published: February 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate the backward whirling behaviors of an aero-engine twin-spool rotor system with coupling rubbings. Firstly, considering the effects of the inter-shaft and rotor-stator rubbings, the dynamic model for a twin-spool rotor system without inter-shaft bearing is developed by means of finite element method. Subsequently, using three-dimensional full spectrum and rotor orbits, the backward whirling behaviors of twin-spool rotor system are illustrated, and the effects of rotational direction and speed ratio on the whirling direction of the rotor are discussed as well. The results reveal that backward inter-shaft and rotor-stator frictions are the physical reasons of backward whirl in the rubbing rotor. For the twin-spool rotor system with inter-shaft rubbing, when the speed ratio is positive, the high-pressure rotor can strengthen the rotation of the low-pressure rotor through the inter-shaft rubbing point, and the low-pressure rotor maintains in forward whirl. In contrast, when the speed ratio is negative, the larger inter-shaft friction may induce backward whirl for the low-pressure rotor. Regardless of whether the speed ratio is positive or negative, the rotor-stator rubbing always contributes to promote the backward whirl of the rotor. As the speed ratio goes up, the initial speed of the backward whirl drops and the opposite is also true. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanism of backward whirling behaviors for the rubbing twin-spool rotor system.
Target shape approximation of funicular surfaces by load control using RBF interpolation
Authors: Hayashi Kazuki , Yanagimuro Jun
Published: February 2024

Existing methods for form-finding prioritize discovering optimal shapes under design load conditions, often overlooking the designer’s shape preferences. To address this problem, this research relaxes the load condition and develops a user-friendly form-finding tool that encapsulates a new method for obtaining funicular surfaces that pass through user-prescribed points through load control. The method involves generating smooth load distributions via RBF interpolation of nodal loads, which are repeatedly adjusted so that the equilibrium shape is close enough to the target points. For faster convergence, the step size of the load adjustment is automatically determined through a coarse line search, and a warm start is introduced in form-finding with the dynamic relaxation method. Despite uneven load distributions, the method ensures high accuracy in approximating the surface shape to the desired points while preserving funicularity against the load distributions. Additionally, the resulting load distribution gives designers valuable feedback on the specified target points, as the degree of load non-uniformity indicates the deviation from the equilibrium shape for uniformly distributed loads.
Applying Self-Determination Theory to International Development and Humanitarian Organisations
Authors: Emmerton Ashley J. , Malouff John M.
Published: February 2024

International development and humanitarian organisations are increasingly focused on transitioning from top-down models of practice to ‘locally-led approaches’ that recognise local epistemologies, capabilities and visions of change. Despite this focus, there remains limited practical guidance to support organisations making this transition. In this article, we aim to suggest ways in which Self-Determination Theory, a well-known theoretical framework in psychology and education, could be applied in the context of development and humanitarian organisations to facilitate transitions to locally-led partnerships and ways of working. We provide an overview of Self-Determination Theory and where it has been used in the development and humanitarian contexts. We propose its feasibility as a framework for transition to locally-led partnerships and approaches in these contexts and suggest specific strategies under a Self-Determination Theory framework that organisations could employ to support both international and local staff members in organisational transitions to locally-led practice.
Extrauterine Growth Restriction and Catch-up Growth Following NICU Discharge: A Tale of two Standards
Authors: Olgun Lena F. , Weintraub Andrea S. , Green Robert S.
Published: February 2024

Aim

Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is common in premature infants, but the progression after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge is not well described. We aimed to assess EUGR after NICU discharge and to identify factors associated with catch-up growth (CUG) and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age.

Methods

Growth parameters at birth, 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), and two neurodevelopmental follow-up visits for preterm graduates of our NICU were reviewed. EUGR was assessed using Fenton and Intergrowth-21 standards. Factors associated with outpatient growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age were evaluated using logistic and linear regression.

Results

369 infants born at 24–32 weeks gestation comprised the cohort. EUGR prevalence was 14.9% for Intergrowth-21 versus 56.4% for Fenton ( p < .001). Although there was a significant decrease in weight z-score from birth to 36 weeks PMA, weight z-scores returned to their birth weight values at the second clinic visit (86 weeks PMA). Infants who received formula as opposed to human milk (HM) showed faster CUG. Higher scores in the Bayley-III scale at 2 years of age were associated with HM feeding.

Discussion/Conclusion

Fewer infants were identified as EUGR when Intergrowth-21 versus Fenton growth standards were used, which categorizes infants with adverse clinical courses and poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes more distinctly. While growth failure during the birth hospitalization is common in preterm infants, outpatient CUG was demonstrated, with return to birth weight z-score. Our findings suggest that HM feeding may have a positive impact on cognitive, language, and motor developmental outcomes for preterm infants despite less rapid CUG.
The dark side of optimism: Musical dreams, belief, and gambling
Authors: Musgrave George , Gross Sally Anne , Klein Maike
Published: February 2024

Being a career musician is typified by high risk. Despite low earnings, many musicians pursue their careers driven by self-belief, high expectations, and optimism. However, failure to obtain the success many optimistically aspire to has been seen to pose psychosocial risks relating to mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. While studies have shown dispositional optimism as having many health-related benefits, it has also been conceptualized negatively in encouraging a tendency toward loss-making in one key area: gambling. In this article, we develop the argument that the risks of professional music-making are analogous to gambling, and the optimism displayed by many aspiring career musicians may therefore represent a form of what Berlant calls cruel optimism, with negative effects on mental health and wellbeing. In doing so, we draw on Berlant’s theoretical position to examine the potentially harmful intersections between risk-taking behaviors and creative desire. Drawing also on our clinical experience, we consider when and how musicians who are emotionally struggling with their work might find it advantageous to reorient their careers, or even withdraw from the labor market altogether, to support their health and wellbeing, and the challenges around the loss of identity these can present.
Canine distemper virus infection of vaccinal origin in a 14-week-old puppy
Authors: Rätsep Emily , Ojkic Davor
Published: February 2024

The body of a 14-wk-old puppy ( Canis familiaris) was submitted to the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario for postmortem examination following a history of intermittent anorexia and lethargy progressing to pyrexia, pruritic skin rash, mucoid nasal discharge, decreased mentation, dysphagia, muscle twitches, and focal seizures. Gross examination revealed rhinitis and pulmonary edema. Histologically, there was fibrinonecrotizing bronchopneumonia, tracheitis, and neutrophilic and lymphohistiocytic rhinitis; rarely within the cortical gray and white matter of the brain were small clusters of glial cells, with rare individual neutrophils in the choroid plexus. Although canine distemper was suspected, none of the usual supportive histologic lesions of distinct syncytial cells, viral inclusion bodies, or demyelinating leukoencephalitis were observed. Lung and brain tissues were PCR-positive for canine distemper virus (CDV), and CDV was detected immunohistochemically in the brain. The agent from the PCR-positive sample from the brain was genotyped and was a 99.9% match to the CDV Rockborn strain, indicating that the disease agent in our case was vaccinal in origin. Our unusual case highlights the possibility of reversion to virulence in a modified-live virus vaccine, and the occurrence of a disease in the absence of a full complement of the usual and compatible histologic lesions.
Nature-Based Group Exercises for People With Arthritis: A Qualitative Along-Side Interview Study of Lived Experiences
Authors: Knudsen Jannie Buhl , Simonÿ Charlotte , Tang Lars Hermann , Skou Søren T. , Beck Malene
Published: February 2024

Arthritis affects many individuals and can cause pain and limit physical functioning. Exercise is an important treatment option for individuals with arthritis; however, adherence to exercise programs can be challenging. A new initiative in Denmark has introduced nature-based exercises for patients with arthritis. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of the individuals who participated in those exercises. The study used a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach and conducted along-side interviews with 12 women and three men who participated in nature-based exercise programs for arthritis. Analysis of the data revealed two main themes. The first theme highlighted the positive effects of being in nature, such as increased vitality, reduced pain, and a sense of well-being. The second theme emphasized the social benefits of participating in these exercises, including a sense of connection and community with others. Overall, this study suggests that incorporating nature-based exercises in treatment programs for arthritis could have significant benefits for individuals with this condition.
Supply Chain Resilience as Endotherm Resilience: Theorizing Through Metaphorical Transfer
Authors: Kwaramba Christopher S , Goldstein Susan Meyer , Lowry Paul Benjamin , Nottingham Quinton J , Cooper Erica F
Published: February 2024

This study explores the application of formal metaphorical transfer to construct theory regarding supply chain resilience, a topic of increased significance due to rising supply chain disruptions. We propose an ecological resilience perspective to illuminate the complex, dynamic nature of supply chain systems. Our research pivots around two questions: (1) Can the resilience of endotherms (warm-blooded animals) serve as a conceptually robust source phenomenon for metaphorical transfer to the study of supply chain resilience? (2) What theory-based principles can be derived from this metaphor to enhance our understanding of supply chain resilience? After rigorously establishing the conceptual equivalence between endotherm resilience and supply chain resilience, we identify a set of theory-based principles that provide insights into the evolving field of supply chain resilience. These principles help illuminate the adaptive and predictive dimensions of supply chain resilience. This paper contributes to theory building in operations management and supply chain management while suggesting new avenues for future research.
On self-contact and non-interpenetration of elastic rods
Authors: Lonati Chiara , Marzocchi Alfredo
Published: February 2024

In this review, we discuss some conditions for achieving non-interpenetration and self-contact of solids, in particular for regular, inextensible, and closed elastic rods. We establish some equivalences between conditions that were stated sometimes independently, underlying their local or global character. We then examine three conditions related to virtual displacements and to topological characters of knots, that can be generalized to filaments, considering the midline of the loop as an inextensible regular knot.
Exploring the Landscape of Children’s Rights in Sports: A Scoping Review of Research Topics and Approaches in Social Sciences
Authors: Pavlogiannis Georgios , Eliasson Inger , Söderström Tor
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to contribute to the research field of children’s rights in sports by synthesizing the scientific approaches applied and topics addressed in previous social science research focused on children’s rights per se. A scoping literature review was conducted via database searches (Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus). The search strategy yielded 44 articles eligible for inclusion. The analysis showed that the articles covered 17 identified topics in total, most frequently abuse. Fewer than half had a direct focus on children’s rights in sports. The research was mostly descriptive, non-theoretical and encompassed few countries, sports and ages. The sample of empirical studies generally encompassed child participants or international policy and regulations. In conclusion, studies with more explanatory and theoretical designs and a clearer, direct focus on children’s rights would be beneficial for enhancing general and theoretical understanding of children’s rights and explaining associated problems.
Combined recession and resection of the same lateral Rectus in the treatment of exotropia
Authors: Thouvenin Dominique , Lequeux Léopoldine , Bonifas Christelle , Deboutte Isabel
Published: February 2024

Background

Besides rest position abnormalities, exotropia could also be due to hypertonia of the Lateral Recti (LR) given divergence frequently decreases under general anesthesia (GA). Combined Recession-Resection of the Same Muscle (RRSM) is a promising alternative to the Faden procedure in the surgical treatment of overacting MR in esotropia. We thus examined here the effectiveness of combined RRSM of the LR for the treatment of exotropia that decrease under GA.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, single-center evaluation over a 16-month period of 100 patients operated on for exotropia that decreased under deep GA (91% of 110 consecutive operated cases). We excluded re-operations and pure convergence insufficiencies. We performed a combined RRSM of one or two LR. It included a 10mm-recession and a “fine-tuned” resection of LR based on Quantitative Forced Duction Test scores. MR resection was combined when exotropia exceeded 35PD or for unilateral surgery. We report on patient outcomes 6 months after surgery.

Results

Successful results were obtained (−8–+8 PD measured on Alternate Cover Test) among 83% of cases at distance fixation and 91% at near fixation after 6 months. The Newcastle Control Score also improved from 5.8 to 1.7 after 6 months. No surgery-related complications or repeat surgeries were reported.

Conclusions

In our experience a majority of exotropias decrease under GA and our strategy of combined RRSM of the LR is effective for the treatment of such exotropias. Long-term follow-up of the cohort is required to investigate the stability of these outcomes, and confirmation of our results by other works
Endovascular tools for vascular access stenosis: Flow-chart proposal
Authors: Taurisano Marco , Mancini Andrea , Cortese Cosma , Napoli Marcello
Published: February 2024

Stenosis represents the most relevant arteriovenous fistula (AVF) pathology and can affects the entire conduit forming the fistula, from afferent artery to central venous vessels. Correction of vascular access stenosis significantly affects the survival and quality of life for end stage renal disease patients (ESRD) dependent on hemodialysis. Guidelines consider the procedure of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) relevant for the primary treatment of these lesions with excellent results in restoring AVF immediately at the end of the procedure. From first AVF angioplasty in 1981 to now, wide scientific innovation has led to development of new devices, composed by different materials and technologies, specific for the site and the type of stenosis to be treated, able to manage resistant stenotic lesion and to reduce stenosis recurrences. International guidelines do not clearly specify all treatment possibilities in the individual case. In this review the authors want to provide specific information on most used devices for stenosis treatment based on literature evidence, showing when and where to use the various tools available with flow-chart treatment proposal.
Can Implementing New Services Organization Models to Better Meet the Needs of Young People Bring About Practice Changes? Analysis of an Experiment in Québec
Authors: Touati N. , Ruelland I. , Rodriguez del Barrio L. , Bouchard M. , Beaulieu K. , Courcy I.
Published: February 2024

The research question addressed in this article is: Can implementing new services organization models to better meet the needs of young people bring about practice changes? More precisely, we examine the effects of a new model called Aire Ouverte (AO) which is implemented gradually across Quebec since 2019. This new model involves public sector and community organizations. To grasp practices’ change, we use cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) and employ a qualitative approach. Beyond a precise description of work activities, we gained an inside view of how the actors involved represented their practice and context. Our results show that practice changes seen by actors are in line with the object of the intervention, that is, responding rapidly to the expressed needs of young people. The development of new tools, flexible functioning, strengthening of interprofessional and intersectoral collaboration, involvement of young people in decision-making, all should contribute to improving response to their needs. This being said, a critical look at practice changes reveals a challenge in aligning the design and objective of AO with the needs of some young people. We noted also a poor alignment of effective collaborative practices between levels of care and the practices sought from intersectoral collaboration.
Access to Part C, Early Intervention for children younger than 4 years evaluated for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Mendez Adriana I. , McQueen Emma , Gillespie Scott , Klin Ami , Klaiman Cheryl , Pickard Katherine
Published: February 2024

Despite consensus on the importance of early detection and intervention for autistic children, health disparities exist, limiting access to timely services. One specific service type in the United States is Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part C Early Intervention programs, which are federally funded interventions for children birth-to-three with developmental delays. This study aimed to assess access to Part C, Early Intervention services for children who were evaluated for autism spectrum disorder and to examine factors that predicted parent-reported access to these services. This study extracted sociodemographic and service access data from the medical records of 709 children aged 12–40 months who were evaluated for autism spectrum disorder. Results showed that only 50% of the sample had reportedly accessed Part C, Early Intervention services. Those who identified as Black had decreased odds of having accessed Part C, Early Intervention, relative to those who identified as White, while those with a lower age of first parent concern had increased odds of having accessed Part C, Early Intervention. When inputting the independently significant variables into the model, both variables, identifying as Black and a lower age of first concern, remained significantly associated with accessing Part C, Early Intervention. Future work should investigate how these disparities come to be.

Lay abstract

Health disparities are defined as preventable differences in the opportunities to achieve optimal health outcomes experienced by marginalized and underrepresented communities. For families with autistic children, health disparities limit accessing early intervention services—which have been found to improve quality of life and other outcomes. One specific early intervention service in the United States is Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part C Early Intervention programs, which are federally funded interventions for children birth-to-three with developmental delays. This study adds to this topic by examining which factors impact accessing Part C, Early Intervention services for children who were evaluated for autism. Results showed that only half of the sample received these services despite there being concerns about development for all children. In addition, results showed that those who identified as Black had decreased odds of having accessed Part C, Early Intervention compared to those who identified as White. These results suggest that there are disparities when it comes to accessing important early intervention services that may be negatively impacting the Black autistic community.
Living well with AI: Virtue, education, and artificial intelligence
Authors: Smith Nicholas , Vickers Darby
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence technologies have become a ubiquitous part of human life. This prompts us to ask, ‘how should we live well with artificial intelligence?’ Currently, the most prominent candidate answers to this question are principlist. According to these approaches, if you teach people some finite set of principles or convince them to adopt the right rules, people will be able to live and act well with artificial intelligence, even in an evolving and opaque moral world. We find the dominant principlist approaches to be ill-suited to providing forward-looking moral guidance regarding living well with artificial intelligence. We analyze some of the proposed principles to show that they oscillate between being too vague and too specific. We also argue that such rules are unlikely to be flexible enough to adapt to rapidly changing circumstances. By contrast, we argue for an Aristotelian virtue ethics approach to artificial intelligence ethics. Aristotelian virtue ethics provides a concrete and actionable guidance that is also flexible; thus, it is uniquely well placed to deal with the forward-looking and rapidly changing landscape of life with artificial intelligence. However, virtue ethics is agent-based rather than action-based. Using virtue ethics as a basis for living well with artificial intelligence requires ensuring that at least some virtuous agents also possess the relevant scientific and technical expertise. Since virtue ethics does not prescribe a set of rules, it requires exemplars who can serve as a model for those learning to be virtuous. Cultivating virtue is challenging, especially in the absence of moral sages. Despite this difficulty, we think the best option is to attempt what virtue ethics requires, even though no system of training can guarantee the production of virtuous agents. We end with two alternative visions – one from each of the two authors – about the practicality of such an approach.
Effectiveness of Mental Health and Wellbeing Interventions for Children and Young People in Foster, Kinship, and Residential Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Trubey Rob , Evans Rhiannon , McDonald Sarah , Noyes Jane , Robling Mike , Willis Simone , Boffey Maria , Wooders Charlotte , Vinnicombe Soo , Melendez-Torres G. J.
Published: February 2024

The mental health and wellbeing of children and young people who have been in care, primarily foster care, kinship care or residential care, remains a public health priority. The Care-experienced cHildren and young people’s Interventions to improve Mental health and wEll-being outcomes Systematic review (CHIMES) synthesized evidence for the effectiveness of interventions targeting: subjective wellbeing; mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders; and suicide-related outcomes. Searches were conducted in 16 bibliographic databases and 22 websites between 1990 and 2022. This was supplemented by citation tracking, screening of relevant systematic reviews, and expert recommendation. We identified 35 interventions, with 44 evaluations via randomized controlled trials. Through meta-analyses, we found that interventions have a small beneficial impact on a variety of mental health outcomes in the short term (0–6 months). Interventions improved total social, emotional, and behavioral problems ( d = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.28, −0.02]), social-emotional functioning difficulties ( d = −0.18, 95% CI [−0.31, −0.05]), externalizing problem behaviors ( d = −0.30, 95% CI [−0.53, −0.08]), internalizing problem behaviors ( d = −0.35, 95% CI [−0.61, −0.08]); and depression and anxiety ( d = −0.26, 95% CI [−0.40, −0.13]). Interventions did not demonstrate any effectiveness for outcomes assessed in the longer term (>6 months). Certainty of effectiveness was limited by risk of bias and imprecision. There was limited available evidence for interventions targeting subjective wellbeing and suicide-related outcomes. Future intervention design and delivery must ensure that programs are sufficient to activate causal mechanisms and facilitate change. Evaluation research should use a robust methodology.

PROSPERO Registration: CRD42020177478
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Profiles in Tennis Players: A Systematic Review
Authors: Myers Natalie L. , Farnsworth James L. , Kennedy Sean M. , Knudson Duane V.
Published: February 2024

Context:

Tennis-specific musculoskeletal (MSK) screening can assess range of motion (ROM) and muscular imbalances. Identifying normative values before implementing a MSK screen is essential in contributing to athlete performance and injury risk profiles.

Objective:

To review upper extremity MSK data in healthy tennis players across age, sex, and level of play.

Data Source:

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed for this review. A search was conducted in MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and CINAHL.

Study Selection:

This review included shoulder, elbow, and wrist ROM, isometric strength, or isokinetic strength in a tennis population. Each article was critically appraised to help identify the internal and external validity of each study.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Data Extraction:

A total of 41 studies met the search criteria. Each contributor organized the data elements of interest into data tables, with a second contributor assigned for review. Data elements of interest included player and study characteristics: ROM, isometric dynamometry, and isokinetic strength.

Results:

A total of 3174 players were included in the final studies. Most of the players included were competitive adolescents and young adults; 15 studies included ROM data. Male tennis players consistently had more external rotation (ER) gain (range, 1.8º to 8.8º) and internal rotation (IR) loss (range, -15.3º to -3.0º) when compared with their female counterparts (ER range, -2.5º to 5.8º; IR range, -10.4º to -3º). Shoulder IR and ER strength were measured in the majority of all the strength studies, with the external rotators generating at least two-thirds the strength of the internal rotators.

Conclusion:

Overall MSK data of tennis players indicate that shoulder strength values are often larger than nontennis players, but equal to or slightly lower than comparable athletes in other overhead sports. Adaptive changes of the glenohumeral joint and subsequent rotational motion are similar to those of other overhead athletes.
Don’t say “the D word”: Exploring death taboo and biopower in pregnancy loss awareness advocacy
Authors: Aghazadeh Sarah A.
Published: February 2024

Public relations (PR) has explored a host of taboo and stigma riddled health topics to understand the role of communication and advocacy to improve wellbeing. However, PR scholarship has not sufficiently investigated taboo as a mechanism of social control within sociocultural theory or the role of the discipline in shaping meanings about death and bereavement. As a step in this endeavor, this study explored pregnancy loss through a sociocultural perspective of PR. It employs Foucault’s biopower to tease out how pregnancy loss awareness advocates/activists perceive taboo as regulation and their methods to push back on such constraints through advocacy. Using in-depth interviews with U.S. pregnancy loss awareness advocates/activists (17), findings explicate how participants see taboo as regulating pregnancy loss through isolation, invalidation, erasure, and conflation. Findings also speak to the ways that they resist such regulation by framing pregnancy loss as a public health issue, building community, and reclaiming parental identity. This study offers implications for sociocultural PR by illustrating the complex regulatory functions taboos serve, presenting experience-based community as productive use of power, and considering the nuances of advocacy in the context of death.
Large Kidney Cysts in HNF1B Nephropathy Mimicking Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Alamri Nada , Lanktree Matthew B.
Published: February 2024

Rationale:

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta ( HNF1B) nephropathy is a rare autosomal dominant monogenic kidney disease. We present a case mimicking autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), highlighting the phenotypic heterogeneity of HNF1B-related disease.

Presenting concerns of the patient:

A 37-year-old man presented with hypertensive urgency, accompanied by flank pain and abdominal distension. Despite the absence of familial kidney disease, imaging revealed large bilateral kidney cysts resembling ADPKD.

Diagnosis:

We initially suspected de novo ADPKD. However, negative genetic testing results for PKD1 and PKD2 led to a 43-gene cystic kidney sequencing panel which identified a deletion encompassing the entire HNF1B gene.

Intervention:

To alleviate discomfort caused by the kidney cysts, ultrasound-guided aspiration and foam sclerotherapy were performed. Tolvaptan, used for treating high-risk ADPKD, was not prescribed after confirming the diagnosis was HNF1B nephropathy.

Outcomes:

A diagnosis of HNF1B nephropathy was reached following gene panel testing. Abdominal symptoms improved following cyst aspiration and foam sclerotherapy.

Novel findings:

HNF1B nephropathy has a variable presentation but can lead to cysts appearing like ADPKD. A 43-gene cystic kidney sequencing panel identified the diagnosis in this uncertain case.
Affordances of Multilingual and Multimodal Literacy Engagements of Immigrant High School Students: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zaidi Rahat , Sah Pramod K.
Published: February 2024

This article presents a scoping review of literacy research that employs multilingual and multimodal literacy narratives and discussions as tools for enabling immigrant youth to explore their intersectional identities and experiences of inequality. It encourages a re-examination of emerging educational/societal issues, incorporating these interventions as a catalyst for discussion. Utilizing a descriptive-analytic approach for data extraction, this scoping review has mapped out prevailing trends in the literature, research methodologies employed, and the types and objectives of multilingual and multimodal literacy interventions. The findings underscore a growing trend over the past decade in adopting multilingual and multimodal literacy interventions with immigrant youth, often employing collaborative research approaches such as participatory action research. The most frequently utilized multilingual and multimodal texts in such studies include digital storytelling materials (comprising images and video), spoken word poetry, photographs, and bilingual books. These interventions are typically designed to (a) encourage youth to express their knowledge, experiences, and identities; (b) examine and address educational and societal issues and opportunities; and (c) challenge dominant ideologies, practices, and discourses through the voices of immigrant youth. The review discusses the transformative possibilities for immigrant youth and encourages rethinking the language learning, literacy, and curriculum process. The data advocates for eclectic approaches and interventions to help newcomer youth understand their lived experiences and societal issues and encourages educators to respond in kind.
Prevalence of small vessel disease and incidental DWI-positive lesions in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage versus intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Zi-Jie , Hu Xiao , Xie Yan-Fang , Yao Wen-Jun , Deng Lan , Li Zuo-Qiao , Pu Ming-Jun , Lv Xin-Ni , Hu Zi-Cheng , Zhang Jiang-Tao , Li Qi
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are main forms of hemorrhagic stroke. Data regarding cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) burden and incidental small lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) following aSAH are sparse.

Patients and methods:

We retrospectively analyzed a prospective cohort of aSAH and ICH patients with brain MRI within 30 days after onset from March 2015 to January 2023. White matter hyperintensity (WMH), lacune, perivascular space, cerebral microbleed (CMB), total SVD score, and incidental DWI lesions were assessed and compared between aSAH and ICH. Clinical and radiological characteristics associated with small DWI lesions in aSAH were investigated.

Results:

We included 180 patients with aSAH (median age [IQR] 53 [47–61] years) and 299 with ICH (63 [53–73] years). DWI lesions were more common in aSAH than ICH (47.8% vs 14.4%, p < 0.001). Higher total SVD score was associated with ICH versus aSAH irrespective of hematoma location, whereas DWI lesions and strictly lobar CMBs were correlated with aSAH. Multivariable analysis showed that shorter time from onset to MRI, anterior circulation aneurysm rupture, CMB ⩾ 5, and total SVD score were associated with DWI lesions in aSAH.

Discussion and conclusion:

Incidental DWI lesions and strictly lobar CMBs were more frequent in aSAH versus ICH whereas ICH had higher SVD burden. Incidental DWI lesions in aSAH were associated with multiple clinical and imaging factors. Longitudinal studies to investigate the dynamic change and prognostic value of the covert hemorrhagic and ischemic lesions in aSAH seem justified.
Anticorruption Markets: Law, Public Procurement, and the Colonial Regime of Permission in Puerto Rico
Authors: Atiles Jose
Published: February 2024

This article explores how Puerto Rico’s anticorruption laws have spurred the development of a new market for public procurement. This market enables significant investments in platforms, websites, training and educational materials, and consulting services to aid compliance with anticorruption legislations. This has given rise to an emerging economic sector where consulting, law, and technology firms thrive. This article aims to elucidate how the Puerto Rican government’s commodification of anticorruption and anti-fraud interventions, and its outsourcing to consulting firms can be understood as part of a colonial regime of permission which normalized corruption and capital accumulation through wealth extraction. Through four examples of anticorruption public procurement – anticorruption legislation, post-Hurricane María recovery, and economic assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic – it demonstrates that wealth extraction is a key driver behind these anticorruption laws, ultimately creating an anticorruption market.
A review of climate security risk assessment tools
Authors: Šedová Barbora , Binder Lisa , Michelini Sidney , Schellens Marie , Rüttinger Lukas
Published: February 2024

To address climatic risks to human security, various climate security risk assessment (CSRA) tools have been developed. We have systematically reviewed 28 such tools against state-of-the-art research to (i) define best practices in CSRAs, (ii) identify related gaps in these tools and derive recommendations on how to address them, and (iii) outline a policy-relevant research agenda. We suggest the following measures to improve CSRA tools: Global South actors need to be more strongly involved in priority setting, conceptualization, risk analysis, and intervention design. CSRA tools should offer geographically disaggregated analyses, transparently explain choices regarding tools’ temporal and geographical foci, and assess their implications for the evidence. In this regard, any type of sampling bias should be avoided. Mixed methods can offer clear advantages to study the context-specific climate security dynamics across different time scales. The main gaps in the tools’ conceptualizations evolve around comprehensive consideration of risk determinants (climatic hazards, exposure, and vulnerability) and complex climate–security linkages, communication of uncertainty, and implementation of validation routines. These factors need to be better accounted for. To advance CSRAs, future research should, for example, develop methodologies to systematically integrate quantitative and qualitative approaches, improve the performance of risk predictions, and develop conflict projections.
Transesophageal Echocardiography: Timely Resolution of an Urgent Right Atrial Mass/ Hepatocellular Carcinoma Thrombosis
Authors: Pirri Carmelo , Torre Debora Emanuela , Cisico Stefano , Tini Laura , Stecco Carla , Mangino Domenico , De Caro Raffaele
Published: February 2024

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastasis is linked to a bleak diagnostic prognosis. Common sites of dissemination involve the lungs, portal vein, and portal lymph nodes. This report presents a rare case of a 57-year-old man with a right atrial mass, a thrombus of an undiagnosed multifocal HCC. This case demonstrates the crucial role that transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has in promptly confirming the diagnosis with more details, as well as monitoring the surgery. The transthoracic and, in particular, the TEE were valuable in this patient’s case in providing a timely resolution of an urgent right atrial mass/HCC thrombosis.
Unravelling the genomic origins of lumpy skin disease virus in recent outbreaks
Authors: Yadav Priya , Kumar Ankeet , Nath Sujith S , Devasurmutt Yashas , Shashidhar Geetha , Joshi Madhvi , Puvar Apurvasinh , Sharma Sonal , Raval Janvi , Pandit Rameshchandra , Chavda Priyank , Nagaraj Sudeep , Revanaiah Yogisharadhya , Patil Deepak , Raval S K , Raval Jigar , Kanani Amit , Thakar Falguni , Kumar Naveen , Reddy Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha , Joshi Chaitanya , Gulati Baldev Raj , Tatu Utpal
Published: February 2024

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus and family Poxviridae. LSDV was endemic in most of Africa, the Middle East and Turkey, but since 2015, several outbreaks have been reported in other countries. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing approach to investigate the origin of the outbreak and understand the genomic landscape of the virus. Our study showed that the LSDV strain of 2022 outbreak exhibited many genetic variations compared to the Reference Neethling strain sequence and the previous field strains. A total of 1819 variations were found in 22 genome sequences, which includes 399 extragenic mutations, 153 insertion frameshift mutations, 234 deletion frameshift mutations, 271 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 762 silent SNPs. Thirty-eight genes have more than 2 variations per gene, and these genes belong to viral-core proteins, viral binding proteins, replication, and RNA polymerase proteins. We highlight the importance of several SNPs in various genes, which may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of LSDV. Phylogenetic analysis performed on all whole genome sequences of LSDV showed two types of variants in India. One group of the variant with fewer mutations was found to lie closer to the LSDV 2019 strain from Ranchi while the other group clustered with previous Russian outbreaks from 2015. Our study highlights the importance of genomic characterization of viral outbreaks to not only monitor the frequency of mutations but also address its role in pathogenesis of LSDV as the outbreak continues.