bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on condition analysis and temperature prediction of coal spontaneous combustion based on improved genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Xuping , Zhang Jing , Ren Xiaopeng , Liu Yanqing , Zhou Chenhong , Li Tianyu
Published: November 2022

For major coal mine spontaneous combustion caused by major disasters every year, various scholars have studied and analyzed the conditions of coal mine spontaneous combustion and predicted the coal temperature. Coal mine spontaneous combustion is an inevitable disaster, but studying the coal mine surface covering to damp coal mine spontaneous combustion can greatly reduce the occurrence of coal mine spontaneous combustion. We analyzed the oxygen absorption in the pores of coal and the tendency of its own water content for spontaneous combustion of coal. The model experiment was carried out, and the correlation between different gas concentrations and coal temperature produced during spontaneous combustion of mixed coal samples was analyzed. The coal temperature was predicted in coal mines with different water contents and oxygen absorption levels, the coal temperature was predicted four times, and the performance evaluation and comparison of the correct prediction of coal temperature under different algorithm models were carried out. Finally, in the contrast experiment, the curve of the fitting function and minimum error value is further compared, and it can be seen that the combined model of the genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm has more accurate prediction accuracy than the single model. Through the analysis of the coal spontaneous combustion phenomenon and the study of anti-coal spontaneous combustion devices and the oxidation process, we have reduced the risk of spontaneous combustion in coal mining areas.
Microwave absorption properties of porous activated carbon-based palm oil empty fruit bunch
Authors: Chitraningrum Nidya , Marlina Resti , Arundina Ria Yolanda , Suryani Togatorop Ester Rimma , Sulistyaningsih  , Arisesa Hana , Budiman Ismail , Daud Pamungkas , Hamzah Mohammad
Published: November 2022

The increased growth of electronics and wireless communication systems causes the urge to find microwave absorbing materials that are lightweight, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. In this study, we successfully synthesize activated carbon materials from the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as future microwave absorbing material candidates with a porous structure using different kalium hydroxide (KOH) concentrations during the activation process followed by physical carbonization at 800 °C under an inert atmosphere. The prepared porous activated carbon (PAC)-based OPEFB was characterized by several techniques, including x-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The microwave absorption properties of the PAC-based OPEFB were measured using one port rectangular waveguides at the X-band frequency range (from 8 to 12 GHz). A minimum reflection loss value of −32.21 dB (more than 99.9% absorption) at 10.64 GHz is obtained for the PAC-based OPEFB with 20% of KOH concentration. The SEM observations confirm the porous structure of activated carbon, and the BET analysis measures the surface area of the PAC-based OPEFB with 20% of KOH concentration of about 693.06 m2/g. The improvement of reflection loss of the PAC-based OPEFB compared to its raw materials is attributed to the better impedance matching, and multiple reflections occur in the porous structure of activated carbon. This study suggests that the PAC-based OPEFB can become a future potential material for microwave absorbers used in electronics and wireless communications devices.
Turbulent combustion statistics in a diffusion flame for space propulsion applications
Authors: Martinez-Sanchis Daniel , Sternin Andrej , Haidn Oskar , Tajmar Martin
Published: November 2022

The usage of direct numerical simulations for research of turbulent combustion for space propulsion applications is explored. With this goal in mind, the combustion near the injection of a fuel-rich methane–oxygen flame at 20 bar is simulated using a massively parallelized solver. The statistical properties of the relevant physical fields are examined to study interactions between turbulence and combustion. This analysis is complemented by an investigation and quantification of the error sources in direct numerical simulations of turbulent diffusion flame. A method to estimate the statistical error is derived based on the classical inference theory. In addition, critical resolution criteria are discussed using a mesh sensitivity analysis.
On the competition of transverse and longitudinal modes of Marangoni convection in a three-dimensional layer of viscoelastic fluid
Authors: Boaro Alessio , Lappa Marcello
Published: November 2022

Within the vast array of applications encompassed by viscoelastic fluids, some lack of knowledge seems to affect the non-linear behavior of Marangoni convection when its typical initial unicellular and steady states are taken over by more complex flow configurations. These still hide a not-fully understood competition of complex and diverse physical mechanisms that determine the prevailing macroscopic behavior. In the present study, relevant insights are sought from consideration of the classical differentially heated rectangular layer of liquid with adiabatic bottom and top free surface. It is shown that, for increasing values of the Marangoni number and/or the elasticity parameter, this problem offers a multifaceted spectrum of different outcomes depending on the non-trivial interplay established between two distinct categories of disturbances (transverse and longitudinal). These are studied using a diversity of model types in which some processes are on or off to discern selectively their effect in the laminar state and their contribution to the evolution of the system toward chaos. The characteristic marks by which the ensuing elastic turbulence can be distinguished from the companion Kolmogorov counterpart are highlighted through analysis of the emerging scaling laws in the velocity spectrum and the sensitivity of these to the intensity of the driving force and the considered elasticity level. It is shown that these two forms of turbulence can coexist in the considered problem.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access and use of health services by middle-aged and older Australians
Authors: Ivancic Lorraine , Bond Diana M. , Nassar Natasha
Published: November 2022

Objectives To examine: the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on access to health services by middle-aged and older Australians; and the use of telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic and its ongoing usefulness. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among participants who completed the COVID-19 supplement in the 45 and Up Study 2020 Survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and health conditions with missed/delayed access to health services, changes in health outcomes resulting from missed/delayed access, and use of telehealth services. Results Data for 45 071 participants were analysed (56% female, 72% aged ≥65 years). Almost half (42.2%) reported they had missed/delayed access to health care due to COVID-19; mainly for dental services (26.1%), visits to a general practitioner (GP) (16.3%) and specialists (12.6%). Missed/delayed visits to GPs and specialists were more likely among females, participants from non-English-speaking backgrounds, with disability/illness, living in outer regional/remote areas or with chronic health conditions. People with a disability or high/very high psychological distress were twice as likely to report worse health as a result of missed/delayed care. Half (48.0%) the study participants used telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic and 81.9% indicated telehealth would be useful post-pandemic. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic impacted access to healthcare services, particularly for people with a disability, and chronic or mental health issues who also reported worse health. This may account for their higher use of telehealth services as an alternate way of accessing health care. Ongoing evaluation of telehealth services for vulnerable groups post-pandemic is required.
Tropical alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Kacang Ratu BW) supplementation for reducing cholesterol and improving quality of carcass and meat of hybrid duck
Authors: Suwignyo Bambang , Rini Eprilia Aristia , Wahyudi Ukad , Suryanto Edi , Rusman  , Suhartanto Bambang
Published: November 2022

Context Duck meat is a good source of protein (21.4%) but it is high in cholesterol, with a standard range of 125–200 mg/dL. Alfalfa is a legume that contains saponins, which have been shown to reduce the cholesterol content of meat. Aim We aimed to determine the effect of alfalfa on the weight of the internal organs and carcass, the physicochemical quality of meat, and the cholesterol of hybrid ducks in Indonesia. Methods Ninety 1-day-old Indonesian hybrid ducks were fed basal rations supplemented with 0% (control), 3%, or 6% fresh alfalfa (n = 5 per group), calculated on a dry matter basis. Five replicates were made for each dietary treatment. Dietary treatments were administered to the ducks from 8 to 35 days of age. The parameters measured were the internal organ weight, carcass quality (live weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat), physicochemical quality of meat (water content, crude protein, crude fat, pH, water holding capacity [WHC], cooking loss, and tenderness), and the cholesterol content of the liver, breast meat, thigh meat, and blood (including the high-density lipoprotein/HDL and low-density lipoprotein/LDL). Analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range tests determined the significance of results. Key results Supplementation of rations with up to 6% of alfalfa did not significantly affect the weight of the internal organs, but reduced the cholesterol content in the liver, meat, and blood. In addition, the physicochemical parameter of alfalfa supplementation in the rations, up to a level of 6%, had no effect on carcass quality, moisture content, crude protein or pH of hybrid duck meat. Moreover, supplementation with 6% of alfalfa significantly reduced the LDL levels while increasing the HDL and affecting crude fat, WHC, cooking loss, and tenderness of hybrid ducks. Conclusions Supplementation with up to 6% of alfalfa did not affect the weight of key internal digestive organs, but reduced the cholesterol content, and increased the HDL levels of blood. Alfalfa supplementation affected the physicochemical quality of hybrid duck meat. However, the optimum level (production parameters observation) of alfalfa supplementation in the diet was at 3%. Implications Hybrid duck meat exhibits lower cholesterol, higher HDL, and lower LDL when the diet is supplemented with alfalfa, whereas other parameters were largely unchanged.
Response particles and verbal identity
Authors: Lipták Anikó
Published: November 2022

This paper revisits theVerbal Identity Requirementon V-stranding ellipsis in Hungarian, and argues that verb movement out of an ellipsis site does not require the verb to be lexically identical to its antecedent in contexts where emphasis is on the polarity. By showing that lexical identity need not be satisfied in case V-stranding is accompanied by a response particle, we argue that whenever the response particle is missing the preference for identity is not triggered by ellipsis in this language, but is due to a pragmatic inference.
The legal status of languages / ‘languages’ that emerged from Serbo-Croatian
Authors: Djordjević Ljubica
Published: November 2022

With the break-up of Yugoslavia, and following the ideology of nationalism and the aspired match between state, nation, and language, Serbo-Croatian fragmented into four languages: Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian. The paper deals with the legal aspects of the fragmentation of Serbo-Croatian in the four countries concerned, exploring the impacts of provisions relating to the official language on the status of the languages in question and their speakers. The central argument is that by fully ignoring mutual intelligibility (or even the same linguistic foundation) between the four languages, the legal provisions are inadequate to deal with this specific linguistic situation; in essence, they are intolerant and exclusive (thus underpinning ethnic divisions in the region), and they also lead to some trivial situations such as ‘translation’ in official communications. The paper pleads for a more sophisticated approach, which while acknowledging the symbolic aspects of language and existing ethnic diversity, at the same time is able to accommodate the linguistic reality.
When language rights are not enough
Authors: McDermott Philip , Nic Craith Mairéad
Published: November 2022

This article posits a new framework in relation to language rights in post-conflict settings, giving a key position to dialogue, which we see as a multidimensional process central in most reconciliation processes. Yet this notion is seldom utilised with regard to language rights, and subsequently in language policies. Instead, powerful stakeholders such as governments or transnational organisations often consider the introduction of language rights as ‘enough’ to resolve language disputes. We discuss the impact of this in a variety of settings, arguing that a static interpretation of language rights, such as in the text of a peace agreement or a constitution, is not sufficient. The application of language rights without follow-on dialogue can antagonise rather than reconcile the very disputes they claim to settle. We argue that a more fluid consideration is required that captures the complex and changing dynamics of linguistic identities in the volatile context of a peace process. A neglected aspect in the debate on language rights in post-conflict settings is the way dialogue can, over time, alter the relationship language communities have with their own language and potentially with the language of their ‘other’. We draw on international examples that indicate dialogue should be a central consideration in post-conflict settings at all levels, from transnational organisations to governments’ national policies, and finally to grassroots initiatives within and across communities.
Language policies as a conflict prevention tool
Authors: Rotta Alessandro , Balan Slava
Published: November 2022

This article outlines the approach of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to matters related to the use of language, assessing its consistency. Language is a major identity marker and as such can become a contentious issue in multi-ethnic societies. Questions revolving around the use of language can catalyse fights around distribution of power within States. They can also become a source of conflict and tensions between States, requiring the attention of international organizations such as the OSCE. Conversely, sound language policies can be instrumental in defusing tensions and strengthen the cohesion of diverse societies. Since its inception thirty years ago, the HCNM has devised a framework for developing balanced language policies as an instrument for conflict prevention. In the HCNM experience, the promotion and use of minority languages needs to be balanced by the adoption and promotion of one or more official languages. The article argues that the HCNM approach relies on the ‘positive’ securitization of linguistic rights, and proves that through its thematic recommendations the HCNM has embarked on a mission of addressing languages and minorities through inclusion and integration, as an approach to build a win-win model of global and regional security.
Mixed methods research in ISLA
Authors: Sato Masatoshi
Published: November 2022

This chapter explores the potential of mixed methods research (MMR) for conducting robust ISLA research to understand complex second language (L2) learning phenomena in instructed settings. MMR provides researchers with a pragmatic framework to answer research questions by mixing quantitative and qualitative approaches during data collection, analysis, and integration. In this chapter, I will first discuss how MMR can counter ISLA’s unique methodological challenges by zeroing in on the importance of the relationship between research and practice. I will then examine the three core MMR designs proposed by Creswell and Plano Clark (2018): convergent, explanatory sequential, and exploratory sequential. As a key to successful MMR, I will focus on integration of quantitative and qualitative components in writing a manuscript for publication. In conclusion, I argue that a successful MMR ISLA study carefully balances internal and ecological validity to maintain its scientific rigor, while incorporating teachers’ and students’ voices and experiences into the study.
Contributing to the advancement of the field:
Authors: Kim YouJin , Gurzynski-Weiss Laura
Published: November 2022

In this final chapter, we share suggestions for developing ISLA research that informs pedagogy and vice-versa, particularly focusing on the importance of training ISLA researchers, promoting collaboration among various stakeholders, and disseminating ISLA research to a larger audience. First, we highlight the importance of connecting ISLA research and L2 pedagogy. We argue for the benefits of collaboration between ISLA researchers, program directors, teacher trainers, and classroom teachers, and share practical guidelines for promoting mutual benefits. Second, we share insights into how to disseminate ISLA research meaningfully both within and beyond academia. In terms of washback of ISLA research, we discuss answers to the “so what?” question, which include steps to follow after conducting ISLA research. We also provide detailed guidance with examples on how to write up ISLA research manuscripts and discuss various venues to share your research with the purpose of making an impact in the real world. We end the chapter and thus the volume with future directions for ISLA research in terms of different research methodologies and ways to maximize the robustness of your design and therefore the impact of your ISLA research on L2 pedagogy, our ultimate aim in the field.
Interaction between grammatical accuracy and syntactic complexity at different proficiency levels
Authors: Thewissen Jennifer , Anishchanka Alena V.
Published: November 2022

This learner corpus study tracks the development and interactional dynamics between grammatical accuracy (GrA) and syntactic complexity (SC) at four Common European Framework proficiency levels (intermediate and advanced levels B1/B2/C1/C2). Data from the International Corpus of Learner English (Granger et al. 2020) were error-tagged and submitted to the automatic L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (Lu 2010). Interaction between B1 and B2 is characterised by a competitive relationship between GrA and SC, with the most marked improvement displayed in accuracy. Development between B2 and C1 displays subtle shifts, with GrA improving slightly and SC showing mild signs of reorganisation. Between C1 and C2, a more supportive relationship appears: SC shows the most marked signs of development, with GrA continuing to subtly improve.
Effect of sound pressure levels on problem-solving abilities with the mediation of personality traits
Authors: Fallah Madvari Rohollah , Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad , Jafari Nodoushan Mahdi , Askari Jafar , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Raiszade Dashtaki Marziye
Published: November 2022

Objective

Noise can cause distraction and mental dysfunction. In examining the effects of noise, it is important to pay attention to personality traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of noise exposure on problem-solving ability with the mediating role of personality type.

Method

This laboratory study was performed on 40 students. For this study, the recorded noise from the industry environment was broadcast to the volunteers and the students were exposed to different sound pressure levels (33, 75, 85 and 95 dBA). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was used to assess personality type. Problem-solving abilities of students were assessed using the London Tower test. Data analysis was performed in version 22 of SPSS software.

Results

The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between different levels of noise pressure and students’ problem-solving ability so with increasing sound pressure level, problem-solving ability decreases (p < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between personality type and problem-solving ability (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Considering the effect of noise on mental performance, noise control in work positions that require attention and processing of mental information is necessary.
Large Room-Temperature Magnetoresistance in van der Waals Ferromagnet/Semiconductor Junctions
Authors: Zhu Wenkai , Xie Shihong , Lin Hailong , Zhang Gaojie , Wu Hao , Hu Tiangui , Wang Ziao , Zhang Xiaomin , Xu Jiahan , Wang Yujing , Zheng Yuanhui , Yan Faguang , Zhang Jing , Zhao Lixia , Patané Amalia , Zhang Jia , Chang Haixin , Wang Kaiyou
Published: November 2022

A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is the core component in memory technologies, such as the magnetic random-access memory, magnetic sensors and programmable logic devices. In particular, MTJs based on two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer unprecedented opportunities for low power consumption and miniaturization of spintronic devices. However, their operation at room temperature remains a challenge. Here, we report a large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of up to 85% at room temperature (T = 300 K) in vdW MTJs based on a thin (< 10 nm) semiconductor spacer WSe2 layer embedded between two Fe3GaTe2 electrodes with intrinsic above-room-temperature ferromagnetism. The TMR in the MTJ increases with decreasing temperature up to 164% at T = 10 K. The demonstration of TMR in ultra-thin MTJs at room temperature opens a realistic and promising route for next-generation spintronic applications beyond the current state of the art.
Thermally induced fluctuations of spin accumulation in lateral spin-valve structures and impact on noise
Authors: Strelkov Nikita , Vedyaev Anatoly , Ryzhanova Natalia , Dieny Bernard
Published: November 2022

Gradient of spin accumulation in spintronic devices such as lateral spin-valves allows to generate pure spin-current without charge-current. Spin accumulation is an out-of-equilibrium magnetization in which thermal fluctuations can occur. These fluctuations may constitute a source of noise in lateral spin-valve structures. In this study, the thermally induced fluctuations of the vector of spin-accumulation were investigated theoretically in diffusive regime. It is shown that paramagnetic resonance may arise in the spin-current carrying channel due to electron-electron interactions and exchange splitting induced by the spin-accumulation. This leads to an effect that was not previously considered: resonant increase of the magnetic susceptibility of the paramagnetic channel material and an associated decrease in signal-to-noise ratio around the resonance frequency. Frequency dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and signal-to-noise ratio were calculated analytically in the case of a specific T-shaped lateral spin-valve structures. It was shown however that this noise caused by thermally induced fluctuations in spin-accumulation is generally negligible in comparison to other sources of noise present in lateral spin-valves such as Johnson noise or thermal fluctuations of magnetization in the magnetic electrodes.
Band-gap and strain engineering in GeSn alloys using post-growth pulsed laser melting
Authors: Steuer O , Schwarz D , Oehme M , Schulze J , Mączko H , Kudrawiec R , Fischer I A , Heller R , Hübner R , Khan M M , Georgiev Y M , Zhou S , Helm M , Prucnal S
Published: November 2022

The pseudomorphic growth of Ge1−x
Sn
x
on Ge causes in-plane compressive strain, which degrades the superior properties of the Ge1−x
Sn
x
alloys. Therefore, efficient strain engineering is required. In this article, we present strain and band-gap engineering in Ge1−x
Sn
x
alloys grown on Ge a virtual substrate using post-growth nanosecond pulsed laser melting (PLM). Micro-Raman and x-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the initial in-plane compressive strain is removed. Moreover, for PLM energy densities higher than 0.5 J cm−2, the Ge0.89Sn0.11 layer becomes tensile strained. Simultaneously, as revealed by Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy investigations and XRD the crystalline quality and Sn-distribution in PLM-treated Ge0.89Sn0.11 layers are only slightly affected. Additionally, the change of the band structure after PLM is confirmed by low-temperature photoreflectance measurements. The presented results prove that post-growth ns-range PLM is an effective way for band-gap and strain engineering in highly-mismatched alloys.
Biaxial strain improving carrier mobility for inorganic perovskite: ab initio Boltzmann transport equation
Authors: Cao Shuo , Su Ye , Song Ke-Ke , Qian Ping , Yan Yu , Shi Li-Bin
Published: November 2022

Inorganic halide perovskites have attracted interest due to their high efficiency and low cost. Considering the uncertainty of experimental measurements, it was important to predict the upper limit of carrier mobility. In this study, the ab initio Boltzmann transport equation, including all electron–phonon interactions, was used to accurately predict the mobilities of CsPbI3, CsSnI3, CsPbBr3, and CsSnBr3. Using the iterative Boltzmann transport equation (IBTE), the calculated mobility for CsPbI3 is µ

e
= 512/µ

h
= 379 cm2 V−1 s−1, and Sn-based perovskite exhibited high hole mobility. The longitudinal optical phonons associated with the stretching between halogen anions and divalent metal cations were revealed to be the dominant scattering source for the carriers. Furthermore, the effect of biaxial strain on mobility was investigated. We observed that biaxial compressive strain could improve the mobility of CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3. Surprisingly, under a compressive strain of

−
2
%

, the mobilities of CsPbI3 using IBTE approach were improved to µ

e
= 1176/µ

h
= 936 cm2 V−1 s−1. It was revealed that the compressive strain could decrease the effective mass of CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3.
Transmission across non-Hermitian

-symmetric quantum dots and ladders
Authors: Soori Abhiram , Sivakumar M , Subrahmanyam V
Published: November 2022

A non-Hermitian (NH) region connected to semi-infinite Hermitian lattices acts either as a source or as a sink and the probability current is not conserved in a scattering typically. Even a

-symmetric region that contains both a source and a sink does not lead to current conservation plainly. We propose a model and study the scattering across a NH

-symmetric two-level quantum dot (QD) connected to two semi-infinite one-dimensional lattices in a special way so that the probability current is conserved. Aharonov–Bohm type phases are included in the model, which arise from magnetic fluxes (

ℏ

ϕ

L

/

e
,
 
ℏ

ϕ

R

/

e

) through two loops in the system. We show that when

ϕ
L

=

ϕ
R

, the probability current is conserved. We find that the transmission across the QD can be perfect in the

-unbroken phase (corresponding to real eigenenergies of the isolated QD) whereas the transmission is never perfect in the

-broken phase (corresponding to purely imaginary eigenenergies of the QD). The two transmission peaks have the same width only for special values of the fluxes (being odd multiples of

π
ℏ

/

2
e

). In the broken phase, the transmission peak is surprisingly not at zero energy. We give an insight into this feature through a four-site toy model. We extend the model to a

-symmetric ladder connected to two semi-infinite lattices. We show that the transmission is perfect in unbroken phase of the ladder due to Fabry–Pérot type interference, that can be controlled by tuning the chemical potential. In the broken phase of the ladder, the transmission is substantially suppressed.
Predicting defect stability and annealing kinetics in two-dimensional PtSe2 using steepest entropy ascent quantum thermodynamics
Authors: Younis Aimen , Baniasadi Fazel , von Spakovsky Michael R , Reynolds Jr William T
Published: November 2022

The steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic (SEAQT) framework was used to calculate the stability of a collection of point defects in 2D PtSe2 and predict the kinetics with which defects rearrange during thermal annealing. The framework provides a non-equilibrium, ensemble-based framework with a self-consistent link between mechanics (both quantum and classical) and thermodynamics. It employs an equation of motion derived from the principle of steepest entropy ascent (maximum entropy production) to predict the time evolution of a set of occupation probabilities that define the states of a system undergoing a non-equilibrium process. The system is described by a degenerate energy landscape of eigenvalues, and the entropy is found from the occupation probabilities and the eigenlevel degeneracies. Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to identify the structure and distribution of point defects observed experimentally in a 2D PtSe2 film. A catalog of observed defects includes six unique point defects (vacancies and anti-site defects on Pt and Se sublattices) and twenty combinations of multiple point defects in close proximity. The defect energies were estimated with density functional theory, while the degeneracies, or density of states, for the 2D film with all possible combinations or arrangements of cataloged defects was constructed using a non-Markovian Monte-Carlo approach (i.e. the Replica–Exchange–Wang–Landau algorithm (Vogel et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett.
110 210603)) with a q-state Potts model. The energy landscape and associated degeneracies were determined for a 2D PtSe2 film two molecules thick and

30
×
30

unit cells in area (total of 5400 atoms). The SEAQT equation of motion was applied to the energy landscape to determine how an arbitrary density and arrangement of the six defect types evolve during annealing. Two annealing processes were modeled: heating from 77 K (−196 

∘

C) to 523 K (250 ∘C) and isothermal annealing at 523 K. The SEAQT framework predicted defect configurations, which were consistent with experimental STM images.
In situ monitoring the productivity of ultra-small gold nanoparticles generated by pulsed-laser ablation of a high-speed rotating gold target in pure water
Authors: Mansour Yehia , Battie Yann , Naciri Aotmane En , Chaoui Nouari
Published: November 2022

We investigate the productivity of ultra-small gold nanoparticles generated by pulsed-laser ablation in liquid of a high-speed rotating gold target as functions of laser ablation time and rotation speed of the target in the range 90–3000 rpm. These experiments were performed by in situ monitoring the extinction spectra of the gold colloidal suspension. The time evolution of the gold volume fraction in the colloidal suspension of the target was determined by modeling the extinction spectra using the shape distribution effective medium theory. The time dependence of the ablation rate, deduced from that of the volume fraction, shows an initial exponential decay followed by a steady-state value at longer ablation time. The influence of the laser-induced roughening of the target surface on the time evolution of the ablation rate is clearly demonstrated. The experimental results also reveal the dependence of the time evolution of the ablation rate of the target on its rotation speed. The effect of the liquid flow on the ablation rate of the target is analyzed and discussed.
Influence of anti-reflection coatings on double GaAs/Si heterojunction layers in Si solar cells
Authors: Singh Bhim , Gupta Vivek
Published: November 2022

In this work, a c-Si solar cell with double GaAs/Si heterojunction layers is simulated using PC1D simulation software. Optimization of the thickness and doping concentration of different layers of the solar cell is carried out. The impact of six different anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) on solar cell efficiency is investigated. Texturing of the front surface is carried out before studying the effect of ARCs. The simulation shows an increase in efficiency around 1.87% is achieved after applying an ARC of optimum thickness. Double-layer ARCs demonstrate a maximum efficiency of 17.41% in solar cells, which was about 15.54% without the coating. The effects of ARCs on the voltage, current, efficiency and reflectance are also studied in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 1200 nm. The maximum voltage, current and efficiency of the cells are achieved when the thicknesses of the ARCs are optimized at a wavelength of 600 nm.
Sub-band gap infrared absorption in Si implanted with Mg
Authors: Wang Mao , Shaikh M S , Kentsch U , Heller R , Zhou Shengqiang
Published: November 2022

Single-crystalline Mg-implanted Si layers are synthesized by ion implantation followed by pulsed laser melting. The Mg doping concentration is reaching 1021 cm−3. The Raman, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling and particle induced x-ray emission measurements confirm the recrystallization of the Mg-implanted Si layer. A strong below band gap infrared absorption over the wavelength range of 1.4–6.2 µm (0.2–0.87 eV, in the mid-infrared range) has been observed in the Mg-implanted Si layers. It is associated with deep levels induced by Mg atoms at high implantation level. This work points out the potential of Mg-implanted Si for room-temperature light detection in a broad infrared range for the new generation of Si-based photonics.
LCINDEP: a novel technique for leakage reduction in FinFET based circuits
Authors: Mushtaq Umayia , Akram Md Waseem , Prasad Dinesh , Nagar Bal Chand
Published: November 2022

Due to the continuous downsizing of metal oxide semi-conductor field effect transistor devices, power dissipation is one of the vital issues for the integrated circuit design. As a result of voltage scaling at lower technology nodes, threshold voltage decreases which results in increase in leakage current, hence leads to increase in leakage power dissipation. In this paper, a novel low leakage technique called LCINDEP (leakage control input DEPendent) is proposed for nano-scaled circuits. The device characteristics and hence overall performance gets affected due to increased power dissipation. Proposed LCINDEP technique is extensively demonstrated for low power operation and reliability analysis. Various short gate (SG) fin type field effect transistor (FinFET) logic circuits are simulated using LCINDEP technique and comparative analysis is performed with the already available leakage reduction techniques. The proposed LCINDEP technique provides reduced leakage power by 89.71% and 91.92% in LCINDEP SG FinFET NAND and NOR gates respectively with respect to the conventional SG FinFET NAND and NOR gates. Besides this benchmark circuits like ring oscillator and ISCAS-85 C17 show decrease in power dissipation by 24.75% and 35.5% respectively with LCINDEP technique in respect to the conventional FinFET circuits. Reliability analysis in terms of process voltage and temperature variations is performed using Monte Carlo Approach for 5000 samples, which also depicts that proposed LCINDEP technique is more reliable than the available low power techniques. The normalized standard deviations (σ/µ)% is improved by 54.68% and 43.93% for power delay product metric in the proposed technique compared to the conventional one for SG FinFET NAND and NOR gates respectively. All the simulations are performed at 16 nm technology node for FinFET logic devices using predictive technology model multigate based on BSIM-CMG on HSPICE tool.
Development of a novel parallel soft manipulator with sensing capabilities
Authors: Xiang Chaoqun , Li Zhiwei , Guo Haoyu , Yun Tao , Jiang Haosheng , Guan Yisheng
Published: November 2022

It is challenging to equip a soft manipulator with sensors without compromising its mechanical properties. In this paper, we explain the design, analysis, and building of an innovative, low-cost soft parallel manipulator with sensing and actuation capabilities. Innovative bubble artificial muscle actuators serve as the connecting rod and contraction type actuator for the manipulator, as well as an opto-mechanical tactile sensor (TacTip) for objects detection. We propose a simulation method for the key structural design parameters of TacTip, and the influence of TacTip’s pin height, pin diameter, and surrounding pin angle on perceptual sensing has been examined via testing, which can provide a design guideline for the TacTip’s the structure. The impact of the counterweight on the soft parallel manipulator end-ascending effector’s and descending velocity, as well as its vertical and horizontal workspace, has been the topic of dynamic tests using a range of counterweights. The soft parallel manipulator’s workspace has been analyzed. In addition, an innovative, cost-effective, and simple soft-smart parallel robotic manipulator (PSM) control system has been built, and a demonstration of the detection and movement of the soft parallel manipulator is shown. The results demonstrate that the soft parallel manipulator described in this research is capable of detecting motion and collisions. It is anticipated that this soft-smart PSM would expand the employment of optical tactile sensors and artificial muscle actuators in material handling and size/shape sorting assembly lines.
DEMNUni: comparing nonlinear power spectra prescriptions in the presence of massive neutrinos and dynamical dark energy
Authors: Parimbelli G. , Carbone C. , Bel J. , Bose B. , Calabrese M. , Carella E. , Zennaro M.
Published: November 2022

We provide an accurate comparison, against large cosmologicalN-body simulations, of different prescriptions for modelling nonlinear matter power spectra in the presence of massive neutrinos and dynamical dark energy. We test the current most widely used approaches: fitting functions (HALOFIT and HMcode), the halo-model reaction (ReACT) and emulators (baccoemuand EuclidEmulator2). Focussing on redshiftsz≤ 2 and scalesk≲ 1h/Mpc (where the simulation mass resolution provides ∼ 1% accuracy), we find that HMcode andReACTconsiderably improve over the HALOFIT prescriptions of Smith and Takahashi (both combined with the Bird correction), with an overall agreement of 2% for all the cosmological scenarios considered. Concerning emulators, we find that, especially at low redshifts, EuclidEmulator2 remarkably agrees with the simulated spectra at ≲ 1% level in scenarios with dynamical dark energy and massless neutrinos, reaching a maximum difference of ∼ 2% atz= 2.baccoemuhas a similar behaviour as EuclidEmulator2, except for a couple of dark energy models. In cosmologies with massive neutrinos, atz= 0 all the nonlinear prescriptions improve their agreement with respect to the massless neutrino case, except for the Bird and TakaBird models which, however, are not tailored tow0–wamodels. Atz> 0 we do not find a similar improvement when including massive neutrinos, probably due to the lower impact of neutrino free-streaming at higher redshifts; rather atz= 2 EuclidEmulator2 exceeds 2% agreement for some dark energy equation of state. When considering ratios between the matter power spectrum computed in a given cosmological model and its ΛCDM counterpart, all the tested prescriptions agree with simulated data, at sub-percent or percent level, depending onz. Finally, we also test how nonlinear prescriptions compare against simulations when computing cosmic shear and angular galaxy clustering spectra. For the former, we find a 2–3% agreement for HMcode,baccoemu, EuclidEmulator2 andReACT; for the latter, due to the minimum stellar mass of the simulated galaxies, shot noise highly affects the signal and makes the discrepancies as high as 5%.
Tsallis holographic dark energy under complex form of quintessence model
Authors: Sadeghi J , Noori Gashti S , Azizi T
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we use a Tsallis holographic dark energy model in two forms, interacting and non-interacting cases, to acquire some parameters as the equation of state for the energy density of the Tsallis model in the FRW Universe concerning the complex form of quintessence model. We will study the cosmology of complex quintessence by revamping the potential and investigating the scalar field dynamics. Then we analyze (

ω
−
ω
′

) and stability in two cases, i.e. non-interacting and interacting. We will explore whether these cases describe a real Universe by calculating fractional energy density Ω
D
and concerning two parts of the quintessence field effect (complex and real part ) by considering the real part of this field to be a slow-roll field. We know that the part in which the fractional energy density (Ω
D
> 1) does not describe a real Universe. Also, we specified an interacting coupling parameter b
2 that depends on the constant parameter of the Tsallis holographic model (δ) with respect to fractional energy density (0.73). Unlike independence between the fractional energy density and interacting coupling in the real quintessence model, we determine a relationship among these parameters in this theory. Finally, by plotting some figures, we specify the features of (

ω
−
ω
′

) and (

ν

s

2

) in two cases and compare the result with each other.
Generation of microwave photon perfect W states of three coupled superconducting resonators
Authors: Li Xin-Ke , Zhou Yuan , Wang Guang-Hui , Lv Dong-Yan , Badshah Fazal , Huang Hai-Ming
Published: November 2022

We propose an efficient method for the generation of perfect W states on three microwave superconducting resonators, of which the two nearest neighbors are coupled by a symmetric direct current superconducting quantum interference device (dc-SQUID). With suitable external magnetic fluxes applied to the dc-SQUID symmetry loops, on-chip tunable interactions between neighboring resonators can be realized, and different perfect W states can be deterministically created on-demand in one step. Numerical simulations show that high-fidelity target states can be generated and our scheme is robust against imperfect parameter tuning and environment-induced decoherence. The present work may have potential applications for implementing quantum computation and quantum information processing based on microwave photons.
Faithful and efficient hyperentanglement purification for spatial-polarization-time-bin photon system
Authors: Du Fang-Fang , Fan Gang , Wu Yi-Ming , Ren Bao-Cang
Published: November 2022

We present a faithful and efficient hyperentanglement purification protocol (hyper-EPP) for nonlocal two-photon systems in spatial-polarization-time-bin hyperentangled Bell states. As the single-photon detectors can detect and herald the undesirable properties caused by side leakage and finite coupling strength, the parity-check gates and swap gates of our hyper-EPP in the spatial, polarization and time-bin mode degrees of freedom (DoFs) work faithfully. The qubit-flip errors in photon systems in three DoFs can be corrected effectively with the faithful parity-check gates and the photon pairs can be reused to distill high-fidelity ones by introducing the faithful swap gates, which greatly increases the efficiency of our hyper-EPP. Further, the maximal hyperentanglement can be obtained in principle by operating multiple rounds of the hyper-EPP.
Discrete Alfvén eigenmodes in the CFETR steady-state scenario
Authors: Lan Yuan-Dan , Hu Shuang-Hui , Ouyang Si-Jie , Zhu Wan-Po , Huang Xuan-Ge
Published: November 2022

The stability features of discrete Alfvén eigenmodes (αTAEs) trapped by α-induced potential wells are explored in the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) advanced steady-state operation environment, where α denotes a measure of the pressure gradient. For the reversed magnetic shear (RS) H-mode scenario with an enhanced internal transport barrier (ITB), the αTAEs are trapped in the electron cyclotron (EC) power deposition region and the effects of different pedestals on αTAEs are analyzed. For the negative off-axis magnetic shear scenario, the αTAEs are discussed, and the effect of different magnetic shears on the αTAEs is presented. Finally, the effects of beam energies and pitch-angle distributions on αTAE stability are also presented.
Design and research of normally-off β-Ga2O3/4H-SiC heterojunction field effect transistor
Authors: Cheng Meixia , Luan Suzhen , Wang Hailin , Jia Renxu
Published: November 2022

Ga2O3 is difficult to achieve p-type doping, which further hinders the development of Ga2O3-based power devices and is not conducive to the development of new devices with high power density and low power consumption. This paper expounds a β-Ga2O3/4H-SiC heterojunction lateral metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (HJFET), which can make better use of the characteristics of PN junction by adding p-doped SiC in the channel region. Compared with the conventional devices, the threshold voltage of the heterojunction metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is greatly improved, and normally-off operation is realized, showing a positive threshold voltage of 0.82 V. Meanwhile, the off-state breakdown voltage of the device is up to 1817 V, and the maximum transconductance is 15.3 mS/mm. The optimal PFOM is obtained by simulating the thickness, length and doping of the SiC in each region of the epitaxial layer. This structure provides a feasible idea for high performance β-Ga2O3 MOSFET.
Domain size and charge defects affecting the polarization switching of antiferroelectric domains
Authors: Zhu Jinghao , Liu Zhen , Zhong Boyi , Wang Yaojin , Xu Baixiang
Published: November 2022

The switching behavior of antiferroelectric domain structures under the applied electric field is not fully understood. In this work, by using the phase field simulation, we have studied the polarization switching property of antiferroelectric domains. Our results indicate that the ferroelectric domains nucleate preferably at the boundaries of the antiferroelectric domains, and antiferroelectrics with larger initial domain sizes possess a higher coercive electric field as demonstrated by hysteresis loops. Moreover, we introduce charge defects into the sample and numerically investigate their influence. It is also shown that charge defects can induce local ferroelectric domains, which could suppress the saturation polarization and narrow the enclosed area of the hysteresis loop. Our results give insights into understanding the antiferroelectric phase transformation and optimizing the energy storage property in experiments.
Li2NiSe2: A new-type intrinsic two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor above 200 K
Authors: Xiao Li-Man , Yang Huan-Cheng , Lu Zhong-Yi
Published: November 2022

By using first-principles electronic structure calculations, we propose a two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor Li2NiSe2 with a Curie temperature above 200 K. The structure of monolayer Li2NiSe2 is dynamically stable, which is derived from the synthesized prototype compound Li2NiO2 and can be denoted as Li-decorated 1T-type NiSe2. The Ni–Se–Ni ferromagnetic superexchange dominates the magnetic couplings between the Ni atoms, which can be understood in the frame of the Goodenough–Kanamori–Anderson (GKA) rules. Our systematic study of monolayer Li2NiSe2 enables its promising applications in spintronics and suggests a new choice to design two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductors.