bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Rice Husk and Rice Husk Ash for Metallurgical Grade Silicon: The Production, Purification and Upgrade
Authors: Oboh Innocent O. , Ihom Aondona P. , Markson Idorenyin E.
Published: September 2023

The demand for low-cost silicon which constitutes about 27% of the Earth’s crust and is the second most abundant element in mass, after oxygen, has led to a search for unconventional sources of silicon. Rice processing and associated businesses are growing vigorously. Rice husk obtain from rice milling process as by product is attracting as a value added material for domestic and industrial processing such as preparing valuable silicon based materials since the presence of silica in rice husk has been known for so many years now. This paper presents a study on the production of metallurgical grade silicon from rice husk using various methods that had been established previously, by other researchers. The production, purification and upgrade of metallurgical-grade silicon (MG-Si) from agricultural waste materials is important as this metal has a range of diverse industrial applications. The production process involved pretreating the rice husk, leaching and pyrolysis to extract the silica, and then converting the extracted silica to metallurgical grade silicon. This study demonstrates the potential of using rice husk as a source of silicon as the alloying element in the aluminium industry, and provides valuable insights into the various methods of the production of metallurgical grade silicon from unconventional sources.
Attitude and Perception on Exclusive Breast Feeding Among Nursing Mothers Visiting Specialist Hospital Sokoto
Authors: Blessing Ogunleye Oluchukwu , Zainab Dahiru , Markus Monica , Monsurat Abdulwahab , Ali Hajara , Olabis Ogunleye
Published: September 2023

The primary purpose of this research is to examine the experiences of mothers who are currently breastfeeding their children. The findings were discussed based on the research objectives and research questions. The population consisted of A total of 250 mothers in the target population who live in or regularly visit the target population’s specialist hospital in Sokoto . The sample for the study consisted of one hundred breast feeding mother with babies from 0 – 1year old visiting ANC clinic in Specialist Hospital Sokoto. Self-structured questionnaire was used. Testretest was used to validate the instrument. Each individual in the population has a probability that is greater than zero of being selected for this sample. Each unit was selected at random with the same chance. The research found that children who were breastfed exclusively for at least six months and two years had better cognitive abilities, were less likely to be stunted or wasted, and were less likely to develop obesity and its related health problems. Breastfeeding exclusively has been shown to improve infant health, which in turn may increase a baby’s lifespan, drastically decrease under-5 mortality, and decrease maternal mortality (less diarrhoea, better tooth and gum development, lower lung infection risk, and fewer breast problems). (day or night). Midwives recommend exclusive breastfeeding for at least two years, with the introduction of complementary foods starting around the six-month mark.
Factors Associated With the Timing of First Antenatal Care by Pregnant Women Attending Specialist Hospital, Sokoto
Authors: Blessing Ogunleye Oluchukwu , Zainab Dahiru , Markus Monica , Monsurat Abdulwahab , Olabisi Ogunleye
Published: September 2023

This study therefore aimed to explore the factors associated with the timing of first antenatal care attendance by pregnant women in specialist hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto state, Nigeria.Three objectives with three corresponding research and questions guided the study. This is a health facility-based cross-sectional study conducted in specialist hospital Sokoto in Sokoto State, North-West Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy nine Pregnant women presenting at the ANC booking clinic were used in this study. Sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula. A simple random sampling technique was used in selecting respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data analysis was done using SPSS. Pregnant women who initiated ANC early were (42.3%). Majority of the respondents (42.7%) were 25-34 year old. Women with at least secondary level of education were twice likely to commence ANC early compared to those with primary education or no formal education (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 093-4.58). Nulliparous women were almost twice likely to initiate ANC early compared to primiparous and multiparous women (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.10-1.55). Similarly, Primigravid women were 1.6 times more likely to start ANC early compared to multigravid women (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 0.93-2.57). Women with planned pregnancy were (6%) more likely to register for ANC early compared to those with unplanned pregnancy (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.59-1.90). Early initiation of ANC was (50%) higher in women from low-income household compared to those from high income household (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.83-2.72). This study shows that less than half of the women commenced ANC early. The WHO ANC model recommendation on early commencement of ANC has not been fully met. Therefore, there is need for Sokoto state government in collaboration with the Federal.
Modeling Survival Dynamics of Women at Child Birth Using Delay Differential Equation
Authors: Nwagor Peters
Published: September 2023

A numerical simulation analysis of a time delay differential equations model involving human population dynamics was carried out to quantify the impact of probability of survival of women to child bearing age on the dynamical system. The study assumed that there are three population of women of child bearing class which include the juvenile women (J w ), child bearing class of women ( ) and the menopause women ( ). A computational approach was adopted in the study which involved the numerical simulation of the human population dynamics using ODE 45 numerical scheme. Result predicted a decrease in the population of juvenile women and fluctuation in the population class of child bearing women and menopause women for a varying value of the probability of survival of women to child bearing age. Result further showed a decrease in the population of juvenile women and an increase in the population of class of child bearing women and a fluctuation in the population of menopause at t=20. However, predominantly unstable dynamical system was predicted leading to unstable steady state solution of the time delayed differential equation involving human population dynamics. The study recommended that women of menopause age should stop child bearing in order to enhance their longevity and women of juvenile age and women of child bearing age should adopt antenatal and post-natal facilities domiciled in the public health centers to curtail the death of women during child bearing.
The Architecture of an Indoor Swimming Pool and the Use of Natural Lighting as a Tool in the Enhancement of Visual Comfort of the Users at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State
Authors: Gideon Okeke , Obiadi Bons N. , Onuorah I. M. , Mbah P. U. , Okafor C. C. , Kikanme E. I.
Published: September 2023

Human activities varied and some of them are classified as sports. Sports are activities or experiences that give enjoyment or recreation; pastime; diversion such an activity, when competitive, requiring more or less vigorous bodily exertion and carried on, sometimes as a profession, according to some traditional form or set off rules, whether outdoors or indoors. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on sustainable design strategies for indoor sports halls, with a particular emphasis on reducing energy consumption and costs. Day lighting reduces energy consumption, improves visual comfort, and creates a sense of well- being for users. The people in Awka, are interested in sports, but currently lack a modern indoor swimming hall to address their swimming interest. The primary aim of this research is to create awareness and bring to the attention of the Anambra State urban players that Awka, has no known indoor swimming facility especially, within the Nnamdi Azikiwe University with a huge students’ population. The research adopted qualitative and descriptive research methods dealing with data from both primary and secondary sources. With the introduction of an indoor swimming pool at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, the population of the school will increase as it will attract students interested in swimming that is lacking in most southeast schools and cities. This research recommends the introduction of an indoor swimming pool at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, and if not for any other thing, to help the university in, increasing their student’s population, create jobs for the students, attract revenue to the university and encourage inter university competitions.
Rethinking “Unfree” Labor
Authors: Bales Katie
Published: September 2023

Throughout the world thousands of hours of work are being performed by detainees subject to immigration detention. While there are differences in the way this work is organized, ranging from forced labor regimes to work that is ostensibly “voluntary,” there are shared common histories and forms of coercion that underpin them. Economic profit underlies these arrangements as states and private corporations gain from both the establishment of immigration detention centers and the use of cheap (or unpaid) detainee labor. This chapter has two aims: to reflect on the global proliferation of labor within immigration detention, framing it as a key component of the immigration industrial complex; and to situate the labor of immigration detainees within a broad matrix of unfreedoms that complicate the so-called consensual nature of such carceral work practices, arguing that this labor should instead be considered “unfree.”
Afterword
Authors: Anderson Bridget
Published: September 2023

This afterword reflects on the collection of essays separately and together to explore how historical perspectives anchor migration in other fields of scholarship and activism. It examines how they contribute, not only to research on contemporary migration, but also to labor research more generally. Rulers were concerned with controlling the mobility of the poor even before the making of nation-states, and as these evolved control over the movement of workers became control over (racialized) “migrants.” Thus, a focus on human movement enables us to trace important connections between debates on labor, race, and temporalities and between migrants and citizens, as well as to counter methodological nationalism.
Organizing Fast Food
Authors: Tapia Maite , Lakhani Tashlin
Published: September 2023

Since November 2012, fast food workers have engaged in broad struggles over economic and racial justice and fairness, involving trade unions and community organizations across the US. This chapter focuses on Service Employees International Union (SEIU)’s efforts and the Fight for $15 campaign to organize these low-wage fast food workers. Given the particularly fragmented, franchised, and low-wage nature of the industry, SEIU used a variety of innovative strategic actions to help workers demand better wages and working conditions. The authors show moreover the importance of the workers’ symbolic power in redefining the scope of the employment relationship and restoring justice and dignity for the working and middle class.
The Matter of Black Living
Authors: Bynum Tara A.
Published: September 2023

This introduction details a reading of #blacklivesmatter as a primer for looking closely at the works of Phillis Wheatley, James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, John Marrant, and David Walker. Despite the seemingly ahistorical quality of this hashtag, This twenty-first-century response—when read alongside Wheatley’s eighteenth-century letters, the narratives of John Marrant and James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, or David Walker’s appeals—invites readers to wonder what might be uncovered in the “archive” if we search for the materiality of Black life. The chapter explores what matters to Wheatley, Gronniosaw, Marrant, and Walker in order to pursue how these lives represent a collective way of being that remembers a collective good feeling as it also posits the possibility of a collective suffering. It argues that these writers tell a story in which the matter of Black life is deeply tied to the experience of pleasure.
Phillis Wheatley’s Pleasures
Authors: Bynum Tara A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the dynamic and affective quality of Phillis Wheatley’s extant letters to Obour Tanner between 1772 and 1779. It argues for a reading of their letters that examines the affective possibilities and religious experiences of Black women, living in New England during the Revolutionary War. For Wheatley, these letters share a deep and abiding faith in a Christian God whose ability to love, create, and author her life inspires this epistolary space of mutual language and exchange. When both women receive letters and presumably read them or have them read, this chapter argues that each access what Audre Lorde calls an “erotic” power upon which their friendship grows. What results on the space of the page is a writerly community. It is a friendship among women who are, quite simply, pleased to hear from the other.
Perverting Haiti
Authors: Durban Erin L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter recounts the transnational history of colonialism and imperialism in Haiti through a queer postcolonial lens. It is the story of enslaved Black people who overthrew their white colonizers and formed an independent state—perhaps the largest undertaking of what queer theorist Michael Warner calls “more thorough resistance to regimes of the normal” (1993). I argue that the transnational Euro-U.S. discourse of Haiti as the dark and dangerous land of “voodoo/Vaudoux” perverted the revolutionary project of the Black republic through racialized sexuality and provided justification for Haiti’s recolonization in the twentieth century.
The Deep History of the Closed or Union Shop
Authors: Hulden Vilja
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses how the evolution of the closed shop fits into the larger puzzle of shifting ideas about the market, governance, and democracy in the century or so after the American Revolution. It first examines the evolution of the membership requirement in the nineteenth century. Next, it turns to examining how regulation of work related to regulation of other economic activity in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century America. The final section considers how craft unions’ claims to governance conflicted with the way courts interpreted a liberal vision of the exclusive powers of the state as well as with developing ideas about the liberty of contract and markets. It also examines workers’ different responses to the state and the market as represented by the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor.
Defending the Status Quo Ante Bellum
Authors: Hulden Vilja
Published: September 2023

This chapter emphasizes continuity in employer resistance to unions even as employers created new organizations, such as the National Industrial Conference Board. It starts by examining how the immediate prewar years demonstrated both a new labor militancy, especially among unskilled workers, and a growing acceptance among Progressive reformers that labor had legitimate grievances. It then turns to the special circumstances of World War I, arguing that while employers considered it politic to rein in their rhetoric and moderate conflict, they never accepted the new situation. Finally, it considers the period immediately following the war, focusing particularly on the President’s Industrial Conference, which tried to create a policy framework for the future, and on the absolute employer refusal at that conference to endorse labor’s right to organize.
The Gift That Keeps on Giving
Authors: Hulden Vilja
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on employer efforts to institutionalize open-shop ideas. It opens by considering the postwar political landscape and employers’ analysis of it. It next turns to shifts in how employers dealt with their workers, exploring modern personnel management, welfare capitalism, and company unions. Finally, it examines the segment of the open-shop campaign that formed the bulk of the National Association of Manufacturers’ expenditures of time and money: publicity. The 1920s publicity push, in accordance with the new emphasis on preparing for the long haul, aimed at entrenching employer ideas everywhere from churches to colleges and universities. In this, it presaged the sophisticated and far-reaching public relations campaigns of the post–World War II era.
Families Helped Each Other
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

Chapter 2 illustrates how familial networks helped Mexicans and Puerto Ricans settle in Grand Rapids from the 1940s to the 1960s. Mexicans and Puerto Ricans aided one another in finding housing and jobs in this period, marking the beginning of the process of pan-Latino community formation. It also examines how Mexicans and Puerto Ricans considered their place within the racial binary in Grand Rapids, with special attention to the first generation of Latino children and teenagers in the area.
Latins Want Parity
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

Chapter 4 demonstrates the remedies Latinos attempted to use against discriminatory treatment and to address the poor material conditions they experienced. Spanning the late 1960s to the early 1970s, this chapter recounts how, together, Mexicans and Puerto Ricans used their pan-Latino solidarity to engage in a type of political placemaking to gain recognition as an overlooked and aggrieved minority group in Grand Rapids. As a recently formed grassroots organization, the Latin American Council (LAC) served as a base for Latinos to engage with the “politics of recognition.” They lobbied the City of Grand Rapids to distribute federal antipoverty funds to the Latino community.
Justice for Our Kids
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

Chapter 7 chronicles the fight Latinos engaged in for bilingual and bicultural education for their children. Including the broader experiences of Latinos in Michigan and not just in Grand Rapids, this chapter reveals how Latinos expended every resource available to them, including African American education administrators, to go outside of the local school system and create a culturally competent educational experience for Latino students through a state-level grant. Led by the LAC, the community provided grassroots solutions to educational challenges when local schools fell short.
Aaron Copland in Latin America
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

Over the course of his distinguished career, U.S. composer Aaron Copland made four cultural diplomacy tours of Latin America, sponsored by the U.S. State Department. They span a critical period in U.S.–Latin American relations. The first took place during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose Good Neighbor Policy sought to smooth over prior tensions with Latin America and unite against European fascism. The same period saw the beginnings of government-sponsored cultural diplomacy in the United States. Copland’s final tour of Latin America took place during the Cold War, when the United States meddled in Latin American governments to contain communism, effectively erasing Good Neighborly solidarity. This book sheds new light on Copland’s biography, the reception of his music worldwide, and U.S. –Latin American relations as enacted via the broader narrative of classical music and its role in cultural diplomacy. Drawing on previously unexamined Spanish-and Portuguese-language primary source materials (including interviews with Latin American composers who knew Copland), the author unearths fresh perspectives on his music and engages more broadly with Latin American classical music, habitually overlooked in the United States. Finally, the author makes a hopeful argument on behalf of cultural diplomacy today.
Copland and the Beginnings of U.S. Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter situates the composer prior to his 1941 tour. It takes as a point of departure the barely discussed 1935 all-Copland concert in New York, at which El salón México premiered (in its two-piano version). Also analyzed are Copland’s forays into modernism, jazz, and folk music, all of which he addressed in Latin America. At this time, Copland also began developing what he called “New World” music, which would stand up to the European tradition (“universalism”). The fact that many Latin Americans revered the European canon—and took a dim view of U.S. culture—was one of several obstacles confronted by the architects of government-sponsored cultural diplomacy, launched by the Roosevelt administration in 1938 and in which Copland participated.
Copland in Argentina
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

“New World music” proved a hard sell in Argentina in 1941, with its strong Europhile tradition, upheld by intellectual elites, and substantial German and Italian populations. Among the many composers indifferent to folk idioms was Juan Carlos Paz, Latin America’s first serialist. Copland admired the colorful, nationalist works of Alberto Ginastera but was most impressed by José María Castro, largely forgotten outside Argentina today. Copland also heard a performance of his An Outdoor Overture, which the Nazi-funded, anti-Semitic press roundly attacked but in which the pro-U.S. press heard “the energetic soul of [Copland’s] people.” The press also digested a concert of U.S. music, performed by Copland, Nicolas Slonimsky (then in Buenos Aires), and several Jewish refugee musicians.
The Americas at War
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter begins in Cuba, the final leg of Copland’s 1941 tour. There, days before returning home, he learned of the invasion of Pearl Harbor. Back in the United States, he published an article on his tour in which he was uncharacteristically blunt and lapsed into essentialist rhetoric. But he also welcomed Latin American composers to New York and organized events on their behalf; indeed, these beneficiaries of Good Neighbor–era cultural diplomacy enjoyed visibility in the United States as never before or since. During this time Copland wrote some of his most memorable works, several of which would be performed in Latin America: the Sonata for Violin and Piano, Danzón cubano, Appalachian Spring, the Third Symphony, and (in Spanish and Portuguese translation) Lincoln Portrait.
Shifting Ground and the Crisis of Modernism
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores Copland’s eventual embrace of serialism. The composer’s stylistic about-face, long seen in the context of his brush in 1953 with U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), is considered from the perspective of cultural diplomacy. McCarthy and his followers despised the State Department, seen to encourage “foreign ideologies” but which Copland praised in various public statements. Also analyzed are Latin American polemics (in which Guarnieri played a central role) and an assault on Copland’s folkloric style by Paz in his 1952 history of U.S. music. Even as Copland tested serialism, he completed two of his Three Latin American Sketches, the decidedly backward-looking techniques of which effectively enshrine his views that Latin America was anything but modern.
Blaxploitation versus Black Liberation
Authors: Mask Mia
Published: September 2023

Fred Williamson rose to cinematic fame in the early 1970s, riding the tide of Black political activism. The Democratic Select Committee was established in 1969 as a predecessor to the Congressional Black Caucus. The Black Power Movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s became more militant, more revolutionary, and advocated self-defense. It was an era of change, and the cinematic culture was changing too. The motion picture industry found another Jim Brown in Fred Williamson, a tall, handsome, brawny footballer who was eager to personify Black Power. Williamson would personify empowerment with a bravado heretofore unseen, giving rise to the Nigger Charley trilogy films. The Nigger Charley films were written with homages to spaghetti westerns’ aesthetics and comic book characters like Lobo.
“Hebrew, Negro, and American Owners”
Authors: Scott Michelle R.
Published: September 2023

Chapter two explores the interplay between Jewish immigrant and African American theater professionals in black vaudeville management between 1910 and 1919. The chapter analyzes the professional backgrounds of Chicago’s Martin Klein, Chattanooga’s Samuel Reevin, and Nashville’s Milton Starr, Jewish immigrants who joined Dudley and Turpin as Theater Owners’ Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) board members by 1921. The chapter chronicles the racial and ethnic coalitions and clashes among these various circuit stakeholders just prior to T.O.B.A.’s success. It also chronicles interracial theater organizations, like the Colored Consolidated Vaudeville Exchange (C.C.V.E.), which laid a foundation for “mixed race” business ventures like T.O.B.A.
T.O.B.A. Forms
Authors: Scott Michelle R.
Published: September 2023

Chapter three examines the economic motivations for creating the Theater Owners’ Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) and determines how successful the institution was as a black-serving business between late-1920 and 1925. After merging with a competing vaudeville circuit, T.O.B.A. established its three national regions, developed a multiracial executive board, and planned to capture a market of black Southerners. By acquiring new theater franchises and following blues music’s rising popularity, the circuit rose to new heights by 1925. Yet in this same season the Colored Actor’s Union (C.A.U.) arose to contend with the acute labor and civil rights difficulties black entertainers encountered despite T.O.B.A.’s management success.
Workers of All Colors Unite
Authors: Costaguta Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

In 1876, American socialists from all over the country gathered to find the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP). The workforce the party aspired to represent was already notable for its multiracial and multiethnic composition. In the last three decades of the nineteenth century, millions more immigrants from Europe and Asia landed in the United States. Despite this, scholars have concurred that Gilded Age American socialists had little to say on race. Workers of All Colors Unite upends this consensus, by delving into the vibrant immigrant socialist press to reconstruct an extensive conversation on the racialization of industrial relations in America. Drawing together newly unearthed documents from different language communities across the party and beyond, the book reveals extensive debates on African American labor, Chinese immigration, Native Americans and the frontier. Within these conversations, the movement grappled with two competing approaches: working class internationalism and scientific theories of race. With the success of internationalism at the end of the century, the SLP laid the foundation upon which twentieth century American socialism was built. Workers of All Colors Unite investigates the unique circumstances in which American socialism developed, arguing that, rather than being irrelevant or non-existent, American socialism pioneered a conversation on race, labor and class in the global socialist world.
Football, the Ultimate Wargame of Life
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This chapter recenters the narrative around Arnold Horween. He starts for the Harvard freshman team in 1916, but his second and third college seasons are interrupted by World War I. Horween enlists in the navy, like his older brother. But Horween is discharged and gains fame as a Harvard star during the unofficial 1917-18 seasons. Harvard reemerges as a football power under a new coach, Bob Fisher, and new stars, Horween and Eddie Casey. The Crimson is selected to participate in the Pasadena Rose Bowl against the Oregon Webfoots. Harvard wins and Horween becomes a hero to Harvard and America’s Jews. Meanwhile, Bill Bingham returns to Harvard to coach the track team, as the narrative of the book’s protagonists start to become more tightly interwoven.
Investigating the Metallic Fabric Electrodes of Water Electrolysis for Corrosion Reduction and Hydrogen Generation Enhancement
Authors: Yilmaz Alara
Published: September 2023

As we enter an era of green energy sustainability, hydrogen gas is now recognized as one of the most futuristic energy carriers. A relatively economic and efficient way to obtain hydrogen is through water electrolysis, focusing on its degree of purity and consequently on the choice of the electrode, electrolyte, and operating conditions. However, in water electrolysis, electrode erosion, and metallic deposition, among others, are crucial limitations to overcome for the unit's long-term operation. This study explored the feasibility of fabric metallic electrodes to minimize electrode erosion and generate a consistent hydrogen output using the modified Brownlee electrolysis apparatus with the variables of types of fabrics and their wrapped lengths. These variables were examined with three brands of metallic fabric: TitanRF, Ripstop Silver, and Blocwifi Shielding fabric. Our experiments resulted in Blocwifi shielding fabric being the most efficient at consistent hydrogen generation with a 1.2% salt concentration generation rate, which was six times that of the baseline study without metallic fabric (P>0.05). Additionally, the visual evaluation of the electrode erosion showed that the metallic fabric electrodes were far less erosive than the platinum electrodes. Therefore, the study concluded that metallic fabric electrodes increase hydrogen generation. More studies might be worthwhile for detailed elucidation of the underlying mechanism and for defining the optimal fabrication of metallic fabric electrodes.
EL MARGEN BRUTO Y LAS DECISIONES DE PRODUCCIÓN AGRÍCOLA
Authors: De Castro Idalia Gabriela , Solé Elio Omar , Herter María Belén
Published: September 2023

En Argentina, el sector agropecuario ha tenido un lugar destacado en la economía nacional. Con el objetivo de analizar el margen bruto, esta investigación de estructura teórica-empírica, de diseño no experimental, descriptivo y transversal, ha encuestado 67 productores sojeros del domo agrícola de la Provincia del Chaco. Los hallazgos incluyen el modelo de negocio, el protocolo agronómico y el margen bruto como indicador que permite comparar resultados parciales -entre actividades, cultivos, tecnologías y campañas- al considerar aquellos costos que le son directamente atribuibles a cada unidad de costeo. Si bien, en el sector agrícola, es ampliamente usado por su practicidad, parte de la doctrina reconoce sus limitaciones al excluir importantes componentes de los cargos globales del ente y al establecer, de forma errónea, una relación causal con el volumen de actividad basada en considerar como sinónimos: costos directos y variables. Dicha causalidad se aprecia mediante la contribución marginal y es importante que el asesoramiento a empresas agrícolas ofrezca esa alternativa dado que, desde el punto de vista técnico, permite explicar los resultados relacionados con la ges­tión ligando los costos e ingresos ante cambios en el nivel de operación.
COSTOS Y PRESUPUESTACIÓN EN UNA PYME ARGENTINA PRODUCTORA DE CERVEZA ARTESANAL
Authors: Espinosa Victor , Sarachaga Juan Ignacio
Published: September 2023

En este trabajo aplicamos, la Teoría General del Costo, para interpretar y mapear el proceso pro­ductivo, el Análisis Marginal, para analizar la conveniencia económica de la mezcla de productos, y Técnicas de Presupuestación, para mirar hacia el futuro y monetizar los planes de acción formulados. Nos propusimos fomentar el desarrollo de una actitud proactiva en los empresarios mediante una herramienta diseñada en planilla de cálculo que facilita la formulación de escenarios futuros deseados cuya viabilidad puede ser analizada técnica, económica, y financieramente. Permite la formulación del pronóstico de ventas por unidad de negocio, obteniendo automáticamente el presupuesto de ventas, el plan de producción, el presupuesto económico y el presupuesto financiero, posibilitando así, un mejor aprovechamiento de los recursos. Es clave su correcta parametrización, ya que ésta determinará las contribuciones marginales de cada estilo de cerveza a fabricar, permitiendo conocer si el importe de ventas totales del escenario formulado es suficiente para cubrir los costos totales de la empresa y generar ganancias.

Para lograr que la herramienta sea implementada, hemos tenido que simplificar ciertos contenidos de las herramientas de costos mencionadas en el primer párrafo, graduando el rigor académico en post de lograr una buena usabilidad por parte de los empresarios.
Inteligencia artificial, una alternativa en la complementariedad escolar
Authors: Chalco López Daniel Edison , Chalco López Celia Lourdes , Villegas Chiluisa Diana Lizbeth , Ordóñez Sotomayor Sandra Lizbeth
Published: September 2023

La educación es una disciplina concebida en cambios epocales, dirigida a lograr nuevas transformaciones sociales, fungiendo como ese eje socializador e integrador entre los seres humanos y las tecnologías emergentes, por ello, su transitar conmina los razonamientos de una edutecnología, supeditada en la esencia humana y su socialización; esta concreción, consolida los andamos para edificar una nueva cultura docente y nuevos escolares, no como una perspectiva de cosificar al sujeto, sino, de constituirse como un organismo adaptativo, el cual, desde su vigencia, necesidades e intereses instrumentales de digitalización y pragmasis tecnológica, logra construir realidades divergentes y nutridas por la web 4.0. En este sentido, la formación ha de crear linderos para gestar una pedagogía integrativa; a razón de ello, se plantea como objetivo, analizar los cimientos pedagógicos de la inteligencia artificial, como una alternativa de complementariedad escolar en la educación general básica de Ecuador.
Derecho de costumbre y ejercicio jurisdiccional en las comunidades del distrito de Pomata
Authors: Calderon Torres Alfredo , Calderón Tumi Juan Alfredo
Published: September 2023

En el ejercicio jurisdiccional ponen en práctica los principios y valores que resaltan en el derecho de costumbre como; la integración social, el compromiso social, la ética, la moralidad, la reciprocidad, el respecto, la dignidad, y la solidaridad; valores fundamentales que se manifiestan como modelo social. La aplicación del derecho de costumbre genera confianza en la población, sin embargo, las personas y familiares que presentan problemas y conflictos mayores como: homicidios calificados, hurtos con violencia y otros son transferidos al Poder Judicial y entidades penales y judiciales del Estado. El objetivo del presente artículo, consiste en explicar el derecho de costumbre el ejercicio jurisdiccional sobre el derecho oficial peruano y derecho consuetudinario, para esta investigación se utiliza el método cualitativo-etnográfico para comprender la administración de justicia y el derecho de costumbre en el distrito de Pomata y los resultados de investigación están orientados a comprender  el derecho de costumbre, aplicación del derecho consuetudinario y la percepción sobre el derecho positivo y costumbres.
Repensar la antropología de la salud. Una perspectiva crítica e intercultural en el altiplano de Puno, Perú
Authors: Apaza Vilca Richar
Published: September 2023

En el altiplano de Puno, la medicina tradicional generalmente se asocia con plantas medicinales, y no existe un fundamento suficiente, adecuada y significativa y las diferentes formas de las utilizadas en la medicina convencional, en donde la medicina tradicional y la medicina convencional deben ser complementarias, para lograr esto, es necesario deconstruir el pensamiento positivista, a partir de la reflexión del pensamiento crítico y de la Escuela de Frankfurt. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue aproximar el concepto de la antropología de la salud y hacer visible la medicina tradicional como un conocimiento científico, desde una perspectiva crítica e intercultural. La metodología de investigación fue a través del enfoque cualitativo; tipo básico; nivel descriptivo y cuasi-explicativo; se aplicaron técnicas tales como: el análisis de literatura clásica, actualizada, especializada, y la observación participante de la realidad; los instrumentos utilizados fueron: fichas textuales, fichas de comentario, guía de observación participante y cuaderno de campo. Es evidente que, desde la visión de la antropología crítica, la medicina tradicional se vuelve invisible desde la misma población puneña; todo esto debido a la falta de identidad, la no institucionalización, la pérdida de la práctica ancestral de la medicina tradicional.
Bakunin Decolonial: Emancipación Epistemológica o Teoría Heterodoxa
Authors: Persch Martin Albert
Published: September 2023

Las teorías decoloniales se han transformado durante las últimas dos décadas en un nuevo canon dentro de la academia latinoamericana. Su propósito explícito es superar las limitaciones de las epistemologías eurocéntricas, y con ello lograr la articulación de aquellas realidades que en la academia occidental estarían condenadas a cumplir el papel de “otredad”. El presente artículo se desarrolla sobre un simple ejercicios teóricos que consiste en contrastar las ideas de diferentes pensadores decoloniales (Dussel, Quijano y De Sousa Santos) con las ideas de Mijaíl Bakunin, con la intención de demostrar que muchas energías han sido gastadas en la producción de conclusiones decoloniales en base a los escritos de Marx, mientras que Bakunin parece haber formulado ideas similares con 150 años de anticipación. No se quiere simplemente presentar a Bakunin como fuente teórica más prometedora para un proyecto teórico emancipatorio, sino demostrar que muchos postulados decoloniales son menos originales de lo aparentan. Las similitud entre las principales ideas políticas de Bakunin y las ideas decoloniales indica que las éstas últimas no se desarrollan realmente sobre un fundamento epistemológico no-occidental. Al comentar brevemente las limitaciones de las pretensiones epistemológicas del proyecto de Boaventura De Sousa Santos, sugerimos la necesidad de una reorientación filosófico del proyecto decolonial.
Editorial
Authors: Alanoca Arocutipa Vicente
Published: September 2023

Dejamos a consideración de nuestros lectores, cual fuese su situación, siempre con la esperanza de salir de esta situación difícil que nos toca afrontar, no sólo porque así los dispone el gobierno sino porque como seres humanos, nos toca siempre estar prestos a cambiar y lucha por la dignidad humana desde los diversos espacios, pero no sólo se trata de un trabajo individual, sino es un esfuerzo colectivo, por ello agradecemos a todos los que hicieron posible este nuevo número. 

 

Pantjañaxa jaqinkiwa

‘el error es de los humanos’
¿Khitinakapxtansa jichhurunakanxa?
Authors: Alanoca Arocutipa Vicente
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo inicia con una interrogante: ¿quiénes somos? En estos años estamos siendo testigos de una serie de hechos positivos y negativos, sobre todo dolorosos. Mi objetivo en este texto es el de revisar los puntos de vista acerca del pensamiento, lengua y vivencia de los aymaras. La metodología se ha estructurado en la revisión de las diferentes reflexiones y el abordaje desde la misma vida cotidiana de los aymaras. Los resultados están distribuidos en cuatro secciones. Inicio con una introducción donde abordo el proceso y las reflexiones sobre los aymaras; en la segunda parte trato sobre cómo se viene desarrollando el tema de la dignidad; en la tercera, se planteo la pregunta: ¿seguimos aún sin extinguirnos? En este sentido, sabemos que el pueblo aymara fue fragmentado, aun así no fue extinguido, lo cual nos reta a dar varias respuestas; en cuarto lugar, está la conclusión. Desde luego abordo con mucha responsabilidad, para que nuestros hechos, planes, esfuerzos no sean en vanos, se induzcan por vías pertinentes.
El pensamiento indianista de Fausto Reinaga
Authors: Escárzaga Fabiola
Published: September 2023

Este artículo analiza las propuestas programáticas del pensamiento indianista de Fausto Reinaga formulado en losaños 60. Reinaga aporta una sólida base en el proceso de constitución de los indios bolivianos como un sujeto políticocon presencia nacional, en particular de los aymaras. El indianismo se formula en contraposición al indigenismonacionalista y al marxismo que buscan la desaparición del indio por diferentes vías como la solución a los problemasdel país y se señalan las ideas y autores que influyeron en su formulación, así como las condiciones personales ysociales que enfrento Reinaga en el proceso de su formulación.
Influencia sociocultural de turistas en la población adolescente de la península de Capachica – Llachón
Authors: Mamani Flores Adderly , Calderon Torres Alfredo , Barra Quispe David Eleazar , Barra Quispe Tania Laura
Published: September 2023

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito conocer la influencia sociocultural de la actividad turística en el comportamiento de la población adolescente del Centro Poblado de Llachón perteneciente al Distrito de Capachica, tomando en cuenta el proceso de implementación y desarrollo del turismo como base para el análisis de la influencia sociocultural que genera el turismo a nivel local; además de reconocer el valor práctico de la percepción social y cultural de los diferentes agentes implicados en el estudio. El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer la influencia que ejercen los visitantes extranjeros denominados turistas, en la población adolescente volátil a los cambios socioculturales. La finalidad es el de contribuir con el desarrollo y entendimiento de la población, inmersos en la actividad turística. La metodología ha consistido en una combinación de encuestas, revisión de información histórica y bibliográfica, los resultados evidencian que existe influencias conductuales en la población adolescente.
Percepciones de mujeres sobre demanda de alimentos en tiempos de Covid -19, Demuna
Authors: Maquera Maquera Yuselino , Llantoy Quispe Rosa Nelly , Cáceres Quenta Rolando , Vásquez Pauca Mario José
Published: September 2023

El presente estudio sobre incumplimiento de pensión de alimentos; tiene por objetivo, comprender y explicar las percepciones de las madres patrocinadas sobre la demanda de alimentos en tiempos de pandemia. La metodología de nuestra investigación asume el paradigma cualitativo, método inductivo; técnicas usadas son: la observación, observación participativa, visita domiciliaria, diario de campo, conversaciones informales, entrevista y análisis de historias de vida. La selección de los participantes comprende los siguientes criterios: Madres solteras patrocinadas por la DEMUNA en materia de pensión de alimentos, madres domiciliadas en el distrito con edades entre 20 a 45 años, ocupación eventual.  Considerando el consentimiento informado, confidencialidad y confiabilidad. En los hallazgos se obtuvo; en relación con el progenitor de sus hijos las usuarias lamentan haberlos conocido y ser víctima de violencia, asimismo expresan sentimiento de culpa por tener un hijo no deseado, por lo que muestran remordimiento tras haber quedado embarazadas; respecto al proceso de alimentos judicializados manifiestan que son procesos burocráticos y tardan mucho, por ello acuden a la DEMUNA a conciliar, puesto que consideran un mecanismo rápido y económico. Arribamos a las siguientes discusiones y reflexiones, frente a esta problemática de paternidad irresponsable, sentimiento de culpa de tener un hijo no deseado y el proceso de alimentos. El Trabajo Social debe intervenir integralmente brindando soporte emocional socio jurídico y educativo, articulando con las municipalidades y los operadores de justicia en el Perú.
Cambio cultural sobre el matrimonio y su representación simbólica
Authors: Salas Vilca Frank Roy
Published: September 2023

La región de Puno, existen manifestaciones culturales con creencias y rituales propios, matizados con la costumbre de la modernidad; una de estas manifestaciones es el discurso simbólico que se observa en la celebración del matrimonio quechua. Para la realización de esta investigación se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo y el método etnográfico. El matrimonio es reconocido como una fase fundamental en la vida de las personas. En ese sentido se pudo concluir que, en el contexto sí evidencia los cambios en las costumbres y tradiciones en todo el proceso, desde el enamoramiento y hasta el matrimonio.
Litoescultura y representación simbólica develada del Hatun Ñakaj de la Cultura Pucará
Authors: Reyes Apaza Fredy Ruben , Chura Tisnado Ricardo Sindulfo
Published: September 2023

El estudio se realizó en el Complejo Arqueológico y Museo Lítico Pukara del distrito de Pucará – Lampa, dentro de los cientos de piezas líticas y cerámicas, se seleccionó  al personaje más resaltante conocido como “Hatun Ñakaj” con el objetivo de identificar, describir e interpretar las diferentes representaciones simbólica insertadas en el objeto; compilando testimonios y percepciones de los historiadores en relación a la iconografía y su significado. La metodología aplicada es descriptiva de tipo cualitativo  tomando en cuenta los documentos de exploración, monografías, técnicas de observación e interpretación de datos. En consecuencia los resultados nos permiten demostrar que el denominado degollador, personaje con cabeza de trofeo es un monolito, antropomorfa,  arte lítico de la Cultura Pukara utilizada con fines de rituales esotéricos. En segunda instancia se sistematiza las características  exotéricas y esotéricas del objeto, desvelar como el “Gran degollador Psicológico” que representaba la muerte y decapitación del YO Psicológico Humano, sustentado en la autorrealización íntima del ser, dicha cabeza de trofeo significaba la liberación de cada defecto psicológico –La ira, lujuria, orgullo, codicia, envidia, pereza y la gula- que mora y reina en cada mente y subconsciente del ser humano. Se concluye que la población de la Cultura Pukara fue eminentemente teocrática, que en sus artes líticos estaba lo oculto  y místico en su forma y fondo.
Educación ciudadana y enfoque intercultural: Análisis de los Proyectos Educativos Nacionales al 2021 y 2036
Authors: Rosas Grande Valeria Alessandra , Laimes Campos Alexia Thais
Published: September 2023

El enfoque intercultural es un principio que se encuentra ligado a la Ley N° 28044 Ley General de Educación el cual menciona la importancia de su incorporación a lo largo del desarrollo de los planes educativos. El presente artículo se enfoca en la estrecha relación que existe entre la educación ciudadana y el proyecto intercultural, no obstante, en la práctica existen diferencias en su aplicación y uso político. Para ello, Catherine Walsh y Fidel Tubino plantean tres maneras de abarcar el enfoque intercultural: relacional, funcional y crítico. Por tanto, la investigación tiene como objetivo identificar el tipo de enfoque intercultural utilizado en el plan de educación ciudadana propuesto en los Proyectos de Educación Nacionales (PEN) al 2021 y 2036. La metodología que se planteó corresponde a un enfoque cualitativo, de carácter descriptivo-analítico, haciendo uso del método documental. Los resultados de la investigación descriptiva evidencian que mientras el PEN al 2021 utiliza un enfoque intercultural funcional, el PEN al 2036 adopta otra perspectiva siendo que se evidencia un enfoque intercultural crítico.