bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural foundation of the diathesis-stress model: longitudinal gray matter volume changes in response to stressful life events in major depressive disorder and healthy controls
Authors: Thomas-Odenthal Florian , Ringwald Kai , Teutenberg Lea , Stein Frederike , Alexander Nina , Bonnekoh Linda M. , Brosch Katharina , Dohm Katharina , Flinkenflügel Kira , Grotegerd Dominik , Hahn Tim , Jansen Andreas , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Meinert Susanne , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Renz Harald , Schürmeyer Navid , Stief Thomas , Straube Benjamin , Thiel Katharina , Usemann Paula , Winter Alexandra , Krug Axel , Nenadić Igor , Dannlowski Udo , Kircher Tilo
Published: March 2024

Recurrences of depressive episodes in major depressive disorder (MDD) can be explained by the diathesis-stress model, suggesting that stressful life events (SLEs) can trigger MDD episodes in individuals with pre-existing vulnerabilities. However, the longitudinal neurobiological impact of SLEs on gray matter volume (GMV) in MDD and its interaction with early-life adversity remains unresolved. In 754 participants aged 18–65 years (362 MDD patients; 392 healthy controls; HCs), we assessed longitudinal associations between SLEs (Life Events Questionnaire) and whole-brain GMV changes (3 Tesla MRI) during a 2-year interval, using voxel-based morphometry in SPM12/CAT12. We also explored the potential moderating role of childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) on these associations. Over the 2-year interval, HCs demonstrated significant GMV reductions in the middle frontal, precentral, and postcentral gyri in response to higher levels of SLEs, while MDD patients showed no such GMV changes. Childhood maltreatment did not moderate these associations in either group. However, MDD patients who had at least one depressive episode during the 2-year interval, compared to those who did not, or HCs, showed GMV increases in the middle frontal, precentral, and postcentral gyri associated with an increase in SLEs and childhood maltreatment. Our findings indicate distinct GMV changes in response to SLEs between MDD patients and HCs. GMV decreases in HCs may represent adaptive responses to stress, whereas GMV increases in MDD patients with both childhood maltreatment and a depressive episode during the 2-year interval may indicate maladaptive changes, suggesting a neural foundation for the diathesis-stress model in MDD recurrences.
Cryo-EM structures of amyloid-β and tau filaments in Down syndrome
Authors: Fernandez Anllely , Hoq Md Rejaul , Hallinan Grace I. , Li Daoyi , Bharath Sakshibeedu R. , Vago Frank S. , Zhang Xiaoqi , Ozcan Kadir A. , Newell Kathy L. , Garringer Holly J. , Jiang Wen , Ghetti Bernardino , Vidal Ruben
Published: March 2024

Adult individuals with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer disease (AD). Whether there is a difference between AD in DS and AD regarding the structure of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau filaments is unknown. Here we report the structure of Aβ and tau filaments from two DS brains. We found two Aβ40 filaments (types IIIa and IIIb) that differ from those previously reported in sporadic AD and two types of Aβ42 filaments (I and II) identical to those found in sporadic and familial AD. Tau filaments (paired helical filaments and straight filaments) were identical to those in AD, supporting the notion of a common mechanism through which amyloids trigger aggregation of tau. This knowledge is important for understanding AD in DS and assessing whether adults with DS could be included in AD clinical trials.
Faster detection of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases among care home staff in England through the combination of SARS-CoV-2 testing technologies
Authors: Ryan Finola , Cole-Hamilton Joanna , Dandamudi Niharika , Futschik Matthias E. , Needham Alexander , Saquib Rida , Kulasegaran-Shylini Raghavendran , Blandford Edward , Kidd Michael , O’Moore Éamonn , Hall Ian , Sudhanva Malur , Klapper Paul , Dodgson Andrew , Moore Adam , Duke Madeleine , Tunkel Sarah , Kenny Chris , Fowler Tom
Published: March 2024

To detect SARS-CoV-2 amongst asymptomatic care home staff in England, a dual-technology weekly testing regime was introduced on 23 December 2020. A lateral flow device (LFD) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test were taken on the same day (day 0) and a midweek LFD test was taken three to four days later. We evaluated the effectiveness of using dual-technology to detect SARS-CoV-2 between December 2020 to April 2021. Viral concentrations derived from qRT-PCR were used to determine the probable stage of infection and likely level of infectiousness. Day 0 PCR detected 1,493 cases of COVID-19, of which 53% were in the early stages of infection with little to no risk of transmission. Day 0 LFD detected 83% of cases that were highly likely to be infectious. On average, LFD results were received 46.3 h earlier than PCR, enabling removal of likely infectious staff from the workplace quicker than by weekly PCR alone. Demonstrating the rapidity of LFDs to detect highly infectious cases could be combined with the ability of PCR to detect cases in the very early stages of infection. In practice, asymptomatic care home staff were removed from the workplace earlier, breaking potential chains of transmission.
Insufficient nutrient intake in individuals with disabling hearing loss and the restoration of nutritional sufficiency in hearing aid users
Authors: Han Sang-Yoon , Lee Sang-Yeon , Suh Myung-Whan , Lee Jun Ho , Park Moo Kyun
Published: March 2024

Hearing loss affects some nutrient intake. Disabling hearing loss may exacerbate these issues. We aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and assess deficiencies based on functional hearing status. The study included 6907 participants with information on demographic factors, nutrient intake, weight, height, disease status, and hearing level in the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2019 to 2021. We categorized the participants into 3 groups based on their functional hearing status: bilateral hearing, unilateral hearing, and disabling hearing loss. The disabling hearing loss group showed lower intake of most major nutrients (P < 0.05), dietary fiber (P < 0.001), and most minerals and vitamins (P < 0.05), with some insufficiencies. The unilateral hearing group showed lower intake only for potassium (P = 0.036) compared to the bilateral hearing group and significantly higher intake of hydration (P = 0.039), dietary fiber (P = 0.039), and calcium (P = 0.009) than the disabling hearing loss group. Nutrient insufficiency in the disabling hearing loss group was more prominent in women, and was partially resolved by using hearing aids. Clinicians and nutritionists should consider undernourishment in these patients, and appropriate interventions for nutrition and hearing aids should be recommended.
A multimodal stacked ensemble model for cardiac output prediction utilizing cardiorespiratory interactions during general anesthesia
Authors: Dervishi Albion
Published: March 2024

This study examined the possibility of estimating cardiac output (CO) using a multimodal stacking model that utilizes cardiopulmonary interactions during general anesthesia and outlined a retrospective application of machine learning regression model to a pre-collected dataset. The data of 469 adult patients (obtained from VitalDB) with normal pulmonary function tests who underwent general anesthesia were analyzed. The hemodynamic data in this study included non-invasive blood pressure, plethysmographic heart rate, and SpO2. CO was recorded using Vigileo and EV1000 (pulse contour technique devices). Respiratory data included mechanical ventilation parameters and end-tidal CO2 levels. A generalized linear regression model was used as the metalearner for the multimodal stacking ensemble method. Random forest, generalized linear regression, gradient boosting machine, and XGBoost were used as base learners. A Bland–Altman plot revealed that the multimodal stacked ensemble model for CO prediction from 327 patients had a bias of − 0.001 L/min and − 0.271% when calculating the percentage of difference using the EV1000 device. Agreement of model CO prediction and measured Vigileo CO in 142 patients reported a bias of − 0.01 and − 0.333%. Overall, this model predicts CO compared to data obtained by the pulse contour technique CO monitors with good agreement.
Predictors of non-persistence in women with overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Hsiao Sheng-Mou
Published: March 2024

Persistence is important for the success in the treatment of women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). We aimed to identify the predictors of non-persistence in women with OAB after first-line medical treatment. All consecutive women with OAB (n = 608), who underwent urodynamic studies and received first-line medical treatment (5 mg of solifenacin or 25 mg of mirabegron per day) in a referral medical center, were reviewed. Mirabegron (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.711) was associated with a higher persistence rate, compared to solifenacin. Mirabegron treatment (HR = 0.269) was less likely to switch medication; however, a high Urogenital Distress Inventory score (HR = 1.082) was more likely to switch medication. Furthermore, old age (HR = 1.050, especially for ≥ 75 years) and high voided volume (dL, HR = 1.420, especially for voided volume ≥ 250 ml) were associated with added medication at follow-up. Additionally, women with low parity (HR = 0.653, especially for parity ≤ 3) and a low Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) score (HR = 0.828, especially for IIQ-7 score ≤ 7) were associated with improvement without medication. In conclusion, mirabegron can be considered as the first frontline treatment to increase the persistence rate and decrease the rate of switched medications, compared to solifenacin. In addition, combination therapy or higher-dose monotherapy could be used as the first front-line treatment for women ≥ 75 years of age or with ≥ 250 ml of voided volume.
Association of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with oxidative stress in Korean adults
Authors: Ryu Ji Young , Hong Dong Hyun
Published: March 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread pollutants associated with several adverse health effects and PAH-induced oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential mechanism. This study evaluated the associations of single and multiple PAHs exposure with oxidative stress within the Korean adult population, using serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) as an oxidative stress marker. Data from the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014) were analyzed. For analysis, 5225 individuals were included. PAH exposure was assessed with four urinary PAH metabolites: 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, and 2-naphthol. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, drinking, passive smoking, and current smoking (model 1), as well as the presence of diabetes and hepatobiliary diseases (model 2), complex samples general linear model regression analyses for each metabolite revealed a significant positive association between Ln(1-hydroxyphenanthrene) and Ln(GGT) (model 1: β = 0.040, p < 0.01 and model 2: β = 0.044, p < 0.05). For the complete dataset (n = 4378), a significant positive association was observed between mixture of four urinary PAH metabolites and serum GGT in both the quantile g-computation and the Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis. Our study provides evidence for the association between mixed PAH exposure and oxidative stress.
Effect of GM1 concentration change on plasma membrane: molecular dynamics simulation and analysis
Authors: Lyu Yongkang , Chen Shuo , Zhao Yu , Yuan Hongxiu , Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Changzhe , Meng Qingtian
Published: March 2024

The dynamics behavior of GM1 in phospholipid membrane and its effect on the structure and dynamics of cell membrane were studied in detail.
Hierarchical structure growth across different length scales in the two-phase coexistence region of myristic acid Langmuir monolayers: correlation of static and dynamic heterogeneities
Authors: Hatta E.
Published: March 2024

Simultaneous investigations of first-order transition evolution on different length scales in Langmuir monolayers have revealed that the interfacial line tension plays a significant role for the hierarchy and heterogeneity of monolayer growth.
Ru–Mg promoted reductive cross-coupling of allyl bromides and alkenes to synthesize 1,7-octadienes with an all-carbon quaternary center
Authors: Zhang Shurong , Zhao Xinjie , Qin Guiping
Published: March 2024

A Ru-promoted reductive cross-coupling of allyl bromides and electron-deficient alkenes to provide various complex terminal 1,7-octadienes with an all-carbon quaternary center has been successfully established with Mg as reductant.
The cold molecular gas in z ≳ 6 quasar host galaxies
Authors: Kaasinen Melanie , Venemans Bram , Harrington Kevin C. , Boogaard Leindert A. , Meyer Romain A. , Bañados Eduardo , Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , Neeleman Marcel , Rivera Gabriela Calistro , da Cunha Elisabete
Published: March 2024

Context. Probing the molecular gas reservoirs of z ≳ 6 quasar (QSO) host galaxies is fundamental to understanding the coevolution of star formation and black hole growth in these extreme systems. Yet, there is still an inhomogeneous coverage of molecular gas tracers for z ≳ 6 QSO hosts.

Aims. To measure the average excitation and mass of the molecular gas reservoirs in the brightest z > 6.5 QSO hosts, we combined new observations of CO(2–1) emission with existing observations of CO(6–5), CO(7–6), [C I] (2–1), [C II] 158 μm, and dust-continuum emission.

Methods. We reduced and analysed observations of CO(2–1), taken with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, in three z = 6.5 − 6.9 QSO hosts – the highest redshift observations of CO(2–1) to date. By combining these with the nine z = 5.7 − 6.4 QSO hosts for which CO(2–1) emission has already been observed, we studied the spread in molecular gas masses and CO excitation of z ≳ 6 QSOs.

Results. Two of our three QSOs, P036+03 and J0305–3150, were not detected in CO(2–1), implying more highly excited CO than in the well-studied z = 6.4 QSO J1148+5251. However, we detected CO(2–1) emission at 5.1σ for our highest-redshift target, J2348–3054, yielding a molecular gas mass of (1.2 ± 0.2)×1010 M⊙, assuming αCO = 0.8 (K km s−1 pc2)−1 and r2, 1 = 1. This molecular gas mass is equivalent to the lower limit on the dynamical mass measured previously from resolved [C II] 158 μm observations, implying that there is little mass in stars or neutral gas within the [C II]-emitting region and that a low CO-to-H2 conversion factor is applicable. On average, these z ≳ 6 QSO hosts have far higher CO(6–5)-, CO(7–6)-, and [C II] 158 μm versus CO(2–1) line ratios than the local gas-rich and IR-luminous galaxies that host active galactic nuclei, but with a large range of values, implying some variation in their interstellar medium conditions. We derived a mean CO(6–5)-to-CO(1–0) line luminosity ratio of r6, 1 = 0.9 ± 0.2.

Conclusions. Our new CO(2–1) observations show that even at 780 Myr after the Big Bang, QSO host galaxies can already have molecular gas masses of 1010 M⊙, consistent with a picture in which these z ≳ 6 QSOs reside in massive starbursts that are coevolving with the accreting supermassive black holes. Their high gas versus dynamical masses and extremely high line excitation imply the presence of extremely dense and warm molecular gas reservoirs illuminated by strong interstellar radiation fields.
Expanding Horizons: Graph Theory’s Multifaceted Applications
Authors: Saxena Abhishek , V Asha , Lalitha G. , Khangar Vipin , Praveen  , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Almusawi Muntather
Published: March 2024

A subfield of mathematics called graph theory studies networks of points interconnected by lines. Researchers may model and examine the structure of a network using graph theory. Mostly topological in nature, graph theory supports both qualitative and quantitative methods. Important scientific findings have been made possible by graph theory, including a better understanding of how electrical distribution systems malfunction and how health problems spread through social networks. Although network analysis typically conjures images of graph theory, complex network theory, and network optimisation, geographers employ a variety of techniques to study networks. This study emphasises the foundational significance of graph theory in modelling and analysing complicated networks by methodically exploring the many applications of graph theory throughout several fields. It starts with a review of the fundamental roles that graph theory plays in mathematical information, computational science, and chemistry. The discussion then moves to cutting-edge applications in the fields of social media, means of transport, and the field of neuroscience, demonstrating graph theory’s versatility. The research emphasises its new application in improving traffic flow projections and assessing cultural environmental amenities employing social media data. The present article validates the crucial role of graph theory in addressing contemporary issues through an extensive overview and methodological study.
Advancing Surface Hardness and Wear Resistance: Microwave-Assisted Cladding of Ni-TiC Mixture onto SS-304
Authors: Jasim Laith , N V Uma Reddy , P Deepthi , Ginni Nijhawan , Dhamija Koushal , Meheta Ankit
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on enhancing surface hardness and wear resistance through microwave-assisted cladding of a Ni-TiC mixture onto SS-304 substrates. Meticulous preparation steps were employed, including substrate cleaning and preheating of the coating material, to ensure optimal adhesion and prevent defects. Microwave hybrid heating (MHH) was utilized to facilitate rapid and uniform heating, enhancing the efficiency of the coating process. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image revealed a uniform cladding layer devoid of cracks, indicating successful deposition and consolidation. Surface hardness was improved by 46.87%, demonstrating a significant enhancement in mechanical properties. The measured wear rate and coefficient of friction provided critical insights into the surface’s wear resistance and frictional behavior. Overall, this study highlights the efficacy of microwave-assisted cladding in improving the performance and durability of SS-304 substrates, with implications for various engineering applications requiring enhanced surface protection and mechanical properties.
IoT-enabled landslide detection mitigating environmental impacts
Authors: Arun K. , Sowmya Chowdary Nandigum , Sreeja Harinarthini , Azmeen Kaif Shaik , Al-Farouni Mohammed , Reddy Uma , Nagpal Amandeep , Praveen
Published: March 2024

Massive and unpredicted rainfall-induced landslides are becoming more common in India. 12.6% of the area of India is prone to landslides. This problem presents a comprehensive approach to addressing this critical need by leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT). The existing works mainly focus on vibration sensors and slope movement sensors which may lead to inadequate real-time data. Our proposed work uses rainfall measurement and soil moisture sensors with vibration and slope movement sensors, which increases the data precision and integration. The main ideology is to evacuate the landslide-prone area before the landslide occurs hence saving the lives of people. After detecting the landslide it sends warning alerts to the disaster management authorities in that particular area. As a result, the IoT-based landslide detection system presents a significant advancement in addressing the challenges posed by landslides by focusing on early detection and warning capabilities but also minimizes environmental impacts by facilitating proactive evacuation measures.
Sustained Approach for Accident Detection and Rescue Alerting System
Authors: Annapoorna E. , Parthiv Patel T. , Praneeth C. , Jai Sanjay P. , Mundher adnan Myasar , Helena Raj Vijilius , Thethi H. Pal , Kalra Ravi
Published: March 2024

In the era of rapid modernization and continual advancements in transportation, the escalating frequency of accidents has emerged as a pressing concern. These tragic incidents claim numerous lives, representing a significant and disheartening cause of mortality in contemporary society. The proposed work leverages state-of-the-art sensor technology to not only detect potential accidents but also to promptly alert rescue services. The accident detection mechanism vigilantly monitors the vehicle’s dynamics, analyses variations in speed, and even utilizing auditory cues within the vehicle. When an accident scenario is identified, the system initiates an alert that lasts for five seconds. Following this, it promptly dispatches a notification to the nearest rescue team. This innovative integration of cutting-edge sensor technology and intelligent processing represents a significant stride towards mitigating the risks associated with accidents, ultimately aiming to save lives in critical situations. Moreover, the proposed work suggests a sophisticated and comprehensive approach to addressing accidents.
Driving sustainability: IoT sensor integration for efficient car AC control
Authors: Gudapalli Karuna , Md Amruth Pasha , Yagateela Sree Ohm , Gongati Ashish , Mundher Adnan Myasar , R J Anandhi , Jain Alok , Kumar Ashwani
Published: March 2024

The Car AC Control Using IoT Sensor. The interior temperature of the car rapidly increases mostly during the hot summer months. This paper aims to address the challenge of maintaining a comfortable interior temperature in car, especially during hot summer months. To overcome this problem a mobile application is developed which helps to monitor the temperature in the car by using the Internet of Things (IoT). With this application the AC can be switched ON before getting into the car as the AC controller is linked to the mobile application. To power the system, a lithium-ion battery is used, which is recharged by the conversion of kinetic energy generated by the vehicle's movement, particularly from the wingtips. The intelligent design of air conditioners will ensures the efficient energy consumption with which the battery life can be prolonged. The proposed method will monitor the temperature inside the car.
Analysis of Fixed and Variable Rigid Pavements in Comparison for Longevity, Durability and Cost-effectiveness
Authors: Manjunatha  , Aswini Kilaru , Bhaiswar Jitendra , Parmar Ashish , Sharma Niti , Alabdeli Haider , Awasthi Ankita
Published: March 2024

Urbanization has increased significantly during the last century, affecting both rural and urban areas. Due to the growing need for improved connectivity and services, roads and other transportation infrastructure are being built quickly. To meet this need, scientists, designers, and builders have been investigating novel and reasonably priced manufactured goods with the goal of streamlining the building process and improving overall robustness. In recent times, concrete pavements have witnessed a surge in popularity in India, driven by the escalating costs associated with bituminous pavement. The main benefit of using stiff pavement is that it is resilient and can hold its form even under harsh weather and traffic situations. Although concrete pavements may have a higher initial cost, they frequently wind up being more economical in the long run since they require less upkeep and have an excellent design life. This study's primary objective is to present a comparative analysis of pavement appropriateness while accounting for longevity, durability, and cost-effectiveness, among other factors. The simulation can be utilised to gain a quantitative understanding of the dynamic strains and deflections present in a rigid pavement and flexible system. It is discovered that the impact of surface roughness on a slab structure's dynamic response is significant for the pavement structure's useable life span and can be taken into consideration during pavement design. The model can be adjusted to determine the k-value needed to assess a pavement's subgrade support as it ages.
Improving Thermo-Hydraulic Performance with Varying Concentrations of Alumina Nanofluids: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: V Revathi , Rajitha Akula , Habelalmateen Mohammed I. , Maske Nikhil , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Shekhar
Published: March 2024

In the current study, the investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow Characteristics of Pure water when pass through a double tube heat exchanger (DTHX). This investigation has been conducted across various Reynolds Number to gain insights into their performance also conducted a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using the ANSYS-FLUENT 22 R1 software. The study employed mathematical models and thermophysical properties of nanofluids and water, which were sourced from existing literature. The analysis focused on comparing pure water, 1% Al2O3/H2O nanofluids. The investigation considered various operating variable as Reynolds Number and temperature across the inner, and outer tubes. Specifically, the Reynolds Number of a range of 2500 to 5500 at 80°C, and 2500 at 15°C for the respective tubes. Key findings are that friction factor for pure water, 1% alumina nf, 2% alumina nf, and 3% alumina nf is increased by 4.61%,11.42%,15.06% and 16.21% as compared to Gnielinski correlation in existing literature at a Reynolds Number of 2500 and this increase in friction factor is 5.66%, 13.79%, 18.03% and 19.61% respectively at Reynolds number of 5500. Nusselt number (Nu) for pure water, 1% alumina nf, 2% alumina nf, and 3% alumina nf is increased by 24.92%, 50.04%, 59.90% and 64.31% as compared to Gnielinski correlation in existing literature at a Reynolds Number of 2500 and this increase is 10.84%, 28.68%, 35.31% and 41.55% respectively at Reynolds number of 5500. The heat transfer coefficients (hi) for pure water, 1% alumina nf, 2% alumina nf, and 3% alumina nf is increased by 3.17%, 7.29%, 8.49% and 8.94% as compared to Gnielinski correlation in existing literature at a Reynolds Number of 2500 and this increase is 8.04%, 18.49%, 21.54% and 22.64% respectively at Reynolds number of 5500.
Safety assessment of virtualization computing platform for avionics system of civil aircraft
Authors: YANG Huan , WANG Xiaodong , LI Geng , ZHANG Shuang , GUO Yangming
Published: March 2024

Aiming at the main problems that affect the security of airborne computing platform after virtualization, such as time-space isolation, fault isolation and schedulability, this paper studies the security level evaluation of airborne computing platform under virtualization environment. Considering the characteristics of virtualized avionics system, a security calculation method based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and gray correlation analysis(GARD) is proposed. The safety evaluation decision tree of airborne virtualization computing platform is established, and the weight of each safety capability is calculated by AHP method, and the overall safety score of the system is given. On this basis, combined with GRAP method and referring to the safety evaluation of avionics system, the safety level with the highest adaptability between the test system and DAL safety level requirements is calculated, realizing security grade evaluation of airborne computing platform under virtualization environment.
Optimizing and designing upper-stage separation spring of lifting-body rocket
Authors: MIAO Ji , SUN Xiaona , LUO Yanshou , AN Jun
Published: March 2024

Because the upper-stage separation of a lifting-body rocket is difficult under the low-altitude and high-speed flight environments, an upper-stage separation scheme based on the separation spring is proposed. The integration of ADAMS and MATLAB realizes the multi-body dynamics simulation analysis of upper-stage separation. The experimental design method is used to carry out the target simulation and calculation of the upper-stage separation process, with the separation condition deviation and the separation spring deviation considered at the same time, thus ensuring the reliability of the separation scheme. In order to further optimize the separation scheme, an upper-stage separation optimization model is established with the Isight software, and the mass of separation spring is optimized with the multi-island genetic algorithm and significantly reduced by 48.87% under the condition that the upper-stage separation process satisfies all constraints, thereby effectively improving the performance of the lifting-body rocket.
Design of a novel wastewater reuse system for space station based on urea electrooxidation technology
Authors: WANG Lu , ZHANG Ke , YUAN Lijie , GUO Jiayu , TIAN Yanni
Published: March 2024

The replenishment of water resources in a space station is essential for achieving an astronaut's long-term and on-orbit residence. Recycling his or her urine is one of important and major ways of wastewater recovery. However, traditional urine treatment methods have the disadvantages of equipment that takes large space, complex procedures and low atomic utilization. Therefore, this paper designs a novel wastewater reuse system that treats urine based on urea electrooxidation technology, introduces methane fuel cell coupled with the Sabatier reactor and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell to further utilize urine treatment products and to allocate water resources precisely in the space station through designing grading treatment and dynamic control systems. The wastewater reuse system designed in the paper contributes to saving valuable space and reducing energy consumption during urine treatment, thus improving water recovery rate and optimizing resource allocation.
Study on preparation of electrically grafted dicyandiamide modified carbon fibre electrode for marine electric field and its electric field response performance
Authors: XU Jiawei , HU Chengru , HOU Xiaofan , FU Yubin
Published: March 2024

Surface amino modification of carbon fibre electrodes can significantly improve their electrochemical and electric field response properties. In this paper, we tune up the grafting voltage (3, 5, 7 V) and graft polyaminocyanine films on the surface of carbon fibres to modulate the structure and electrochemical properties of the electric double layer at the electrode/sea water interface. The results show that the higher the grafting potential, the more uniform the polyaminocyanine film on the carbon fibre surface and the more stable the electrode bilayer structure. The CF-7V has the best overall performance with a specific capacitance of 9.368 F·g-1, 31.6 times that of the blank group; the charge transfer resistance and low frequency capacitive resistance are significantly reduced; the 7-day potential drift is 1.68 mV, which can respond normally to low frequency weak electric field signals at 1 mHz and 0.03 mV/m, and the response sensitivity and accuracy of the electrodes have been significantly improved. The electric field response performance of the electrically grafted modified carbon fibre electrode is comparable to that of the Ag/AgCl electrode. This is a new type of high performance marine electric field sensor, which is expected to improve the detection capability of marine electric fields.
Children’s rights in healthcare: The influence of age on involvement
Authors: Popeiko Polina , Pukite Ieva , Davidsone Zane , Dzivite-Krisane Iveta , Visnevska Inta , Gardovska Dace
Published: March 2024

The aim of this article is to highlight the significance of actively involving young children in their own healthcare and paediatric healthcare planning. Based on a study conducted in a hospital setting, which revealed a lack of personalized care and inadequate understanding among younger children, this article discusses the potential benefits of empowering young patients. The theoretical framework explores various dimensions, including child-centred care, communication strategies, child development, and the impact of involving children in decision-making processes. By fostering children’s participation and creating a safe environment, healthcare professionals can enhance the overall quality of care and promote positive health outcomes for young patients.
The realisation of the children’s right of participation in the community children’s care home: The analysis of the children’s experiences
Authors: Raudeliūnaitė Rita , Gudžinskienė Vida
Published: March 2024

The objective of the study is to reveal the realities of the realisation of the children’s right of participation in the community children’s care home based on children’s experience. For the study, qualitative study was chosen while using a semi-structured interview method. Eight children living in the community children’s care homes (henceforth referred as CCCH), which are located in different sites in Lithuania, participated in the study. The study revealed the realization expression of the child’s right of participation and difficulties in realising it at CCCH. The realization expression of the children’s right of participation at CCCH should be attributed to the respect of employees for the right of the child of participation. It is expressed through the openness of employees to the opinion of the child, giving an opportunity for the child to speak out their opinion, and listening to the opinion of the child. Discussion of the child with the adult should take place as well as adhering of the adult to the opinion of the child when taking decisions, and the encouragement and support for the autonomy of children. The child’s right of participation is also realised in everyday situations while allowing the child to manage his personal space according to his needs, involving the child in the leisure planning and organisation. The child should have an opportunity to participate in leisure activities according to their likes and interests, as well as consulting with the child regarding household chores. The study identified that the realisation difficulties of the children’s right of participation at CCCH are attributable to the dominating position of the employee and the child’s lack of trust towards himself and his own opinion. The dominating position of the employee is expressed through the non-listening to the opinion of children, disagreement with the child, the devaluation of the opinion of the child, the lack of adhering to the opinion of the child and the overriding of the opinion of the child. The child’s lack of trust towards himself and his own opinion is linked with the belief of the child that his opinion is insignificant due to negative experiences in the past, the timidity of children to speak out their opinions and the unwillingness or fear of children to worsen their relationships with employees.
Changes in the approach of social work with young people in out-of-home care in Riga
Authors: Moors Martins , Osis Juris
Published: March 2024

At the end of 2019, an innovative approach was launched in social work with young people in out-of-home care in Riga. This approach included prevention, changes in the form and methods of social work, and planning for the transition period. To implement the new approach, a new structure – the Youth Support Centre – was established. In 2022, a study with a mixed research methodology was conducted to evaluate the impact of the Youth Support Centre’s approach and activities on changes in the social functioning of young people. The analysis revealed several significant findings that shed light on the factors influencing social functioning among young people, which also indicates the necessary changes in the administration of social services.
Specifics of social work with young people experiencing homelessness
Authors: Sadauskas Justinas , Kewoh-Vainio Vivian
Published: March 2024

There were about a 4.1million homeless people in the European Union [1]. In the European Union, 20-30 per cent of homeless people are young people between the ages of 18-29 years [2]. Homelessness is a concern for policymakers and society as a whole. Recent literature on social workers’ experiences with homeless people has mainly focused on working with the general homeless population and not specifically on social work with homeless youth. A qualitative research method was used to analyze the cause and consequences of youth homelessness, and identify skills needed for social work with young homeless people and inspiration of social workers motivation to help young homeless people. Five social workers working with young homeless people from a city in Finland participated in research. The semi-structured interview data were analysed using the content analysis method. The study revealed – causes and consequences of youth homelessness; skills needed for social work with young homeless people and social workers driving force working with homeless youths.
Diskriminierungssensible Psychotherapie: Wie hoch ist das
Privilegienbewusstsein von Psychotherapeut*innen in
Deutschland?
Authors: Krammer Thorsten , Saase Sabrina , Berth Hendrik , Kilian Carolin
Published: March 2024

Ziel der Studie Diskriminierung kann sich negativ auf die psychische
Gesundheit auswirken und spielt somit auch im Kontext der Psychotherapie eine
entscheidende Rolle. Die vorliegende Studie skizziert die Potenziale sowie die
Relevanz eines (intersektionalen) Privilegienbewusstseins von
Psychotherapeut*innen für eine diskriminierungssensible
Psychotherapie. Ziel war, erstmalig das Privilegienbewusstsein von
Psychotherapeut*innen in Deutschland sowie dessen Thematisierung in der
Ausbildung von Psychotherapeut*innen zu erfassen. Zudem wurde der
Zusammenhang von der Zugehörigkeit zu einer marginalisierten Gruppe und
dem Privilegienbewusstsein auf Seiten der Psychotherapeut*innen
untersucht.

Methode In einer deutschlandweiten Online-Befragung (2022) nahmen 270
Psychotherapeut*innen (in Ausbildung) teil. Das Privilegienbewusstsein
wurde mit einer gekürzten, ins Deutsche übersetzten Version der
Awareness of Privilege and Oppression Scale-2 bezüglich der
Diskriminierungsachsen Heterosexismus, Klassismus und Rassismus erhoben. Drei
selbstkonstruierte Items haben ergänzend die Thematisierung von
Diskriminierung und Privilegierung in der Psychotherapieausbildung erhoben. Der
Zusammenhang zwischen der Zugehörigkeit zu einer marginalisierten Gruppe
und dem Privilegienbewusstsein wurde mittels linearer Regressionsanalyse
adjustiert für Alter untersucht.

Ergebnisse Knapp 65% der Teilnehmenden fühlten sich nicht
oder eher nicht auf den Umgang mit Diskriminierungserfahrungen von
Patient*innen vorbereitet, wobei ca. 40% angaben, dass
Diskriminierung in der Ausbildung nicht thematisiert wurde. Deutlich seltener
wurde Privilegierung thematisiert. Die Zugehörigkeit zu einer
marginalisierten Gruppe ging mit einem statistisch signifikant höheren
Privilegienbewusstsein einher (B=0,47, 95%-Konfidenzintervall:
0,27–0,67, F(2, 267)=15,41, p<0,001).

Schlussfolgerung Der Einfluss von Diskriminierung und Privilegierung auf
die psychische Gesundheit und therapeutische Beziehung werden derzeit nicht
ausreichend in der Psychotherapieausbildung berücksichtigt. Die Aufnahme
dieser Themen in das Curriculum der Ausbildung hat das Potenzial, die
Qualität der Psychotherapie erheblich zu verbessern.
Klinische Urteilsbildung und Beziehungskompetenz in der
Psychotherapie älterer PatientInnen
Authors: Peters Meinolf , Becker Tobias , Jeschke Karin
Published: March 2024

Die in der Vergangenheit negative Einstellung von PsychotherapeutInnen zur
Behandlung älterer PatientInnen hat sich in der jüngeren
Vergangenheit abgeschwächt. Dennoch bleibt die Frage, wie Therapeuten
ältere im Vergleich zu jüngeren Patientinnen wahrnehmen, zu
welchen klinischen Urteilen sie gelangen und wie sie die Beziehung zu diesen
wahrnehmen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung, die im Rahmen der
ÄPP-Studie (Ältere PatientInnen in der Psychotherapie)
durchgeführt wurde, sollten TherapeutInnen einen selbst
gewählten jüngeren (<40Jahre) oder einen älteren
PatientIn (>65) im Hinblick auf verschiedene Variablen beurteilen. Es
standen 527 vollständig ausgefüllt Fragebögen zur
Verfügung. Mit Hilfe zweifaktorieller Varianzanalysen konnte
u. a. gezeigt werden, dass jüngere TherapeutInnen (im Vergleich
zu ihren älteren Kollegen) ältere PatientInnen negativer
bewerten in Bezug auf die Eignung für Psychotherapie, die
Fähigkeit der PatientInnen zum Aufbau einer therapeutischen
Arbeitsbeziehung sowie weiteren Parametern. Jüngere TherapeutInnen
erleben sich im Vergleich mit ihren älteren KollegInnen
gegenüber älteren Patienten als weniger beziehungskompetent. Bei
jüngeren PatientInnen gibt es nur geringe Unterschiede.
Difference in the Extension Gap Between Osteoarthritis and Osteonecrosis in Medial Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty with the Spacer Block Technique
Authors: MD Naoki Nakano , MD Toshihisa Maeda , MD Yuichi Kuroda , MD Kazunari Ishida , MD Shinya Hayashi , MD Yuichi Hoshino , MD Takehiko Matsushita , MD Ryosuke Kuroda , MD Tomoyuki Matsumoto
Published: March 2024

The spacer block technique is widely used in medial fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for osteoarthritis (OA) and osteonecrosis (ON), while it is still unclear if there is any difference in the extension gap between UKAs for the two conditions. To clarify the question, the data from 87 consecutive patients (OA: 57 patients and ON: 30 patients) who underwent medial fixed-bearing UKA with the spacer block technique were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The component gap between the medial tibial osteotomy surface and the femoral trial prosthesis in extension was measured using a UKA tensor, and the preosteotomy gap was calculated in each condition. Also, pre- and postoperative coronal hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angles, the thickness of the insert, and the amount of distal femoral and proximal tibial osteotomy were measured and compared between the two groups. As a result, the mean preosteotomy gap in Group OA and Group ON was 5.4 and 3.7 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). The amount of change in HKA angle following UKA in Group OA and Group ON was 4.4and 3.8 degrees, respectively (p = 0.044), while no significant difference was found regarding pre- and postoperative HKA angle between them. Also, thinner inserts tended to be used in Group ON than in Group OA, while no significant difference in the amount of osteotomies was found between them. Since knees with OA and ON showed different biomechanical conditions at medial fixed-bearing UKA probably for the difference in the amount of remaining cartilage, the surgical technique should be carefully considered for each condition.
Asymptotics for the semi-dissipative 2D Boussinesq system
Authors: He Jinfang , Wang Jijun , Zhao Yandong
Published: March 2024

In this article, we consider the convergence from the semi-dissipative 2D Boussinesq equations to the 2D Navier–Stokes equations in some sense. When the temperature variable θ tends to 0, we prove that the component uθ of the solution of the semi-dissipative 2D Boussinesq equations is converging to the solution u of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations in the space H and uθ is asymptotically converging to u in the space H2(Ω) with the initial data (u0, θ0) ∈ H × L2(Ω). Moreover, we obtain the continuity of the local attractor Ar of the semi-dissipative 2D Boussinesq equations with respect to A×{0} in the space H2(Ω) × L2(Ω) at r = 0, here A×{0} is a natural embedding of the global attractor A of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations into the space H × L2(Ω).
Tunable anomalous Hall effect in Pt/ferrimagnetic insulator bilayer
Authors: Liu Lin , Ye Jianxin , Yang Hui , Lin Liyu , An Hongyu
Published: March 2024

Ferrimagnetic insulators (FMIs) are regarded as promising candidates for magnonic devices. Nevertheless, unraveling the origin of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and tuning AHE in heavy metal (HM)/FMI prove challenging as charges exclusively traverse within the HM. Here, we investigate AHE in a Pt/Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) bilayer at various temperatures and observe a signal inversion at 180 K. By varying the thickness of GdIG and Pt, we note that AHE signal inversion occurs in all instances except when the Pt thickness is below 3 nm. Moreover, the monotonic variation in the temperature dependence of the coercive field (Hc) indicates that the inversion of the AHE signal is not correlated with the compensation temperature (Tc). Instead, it is attributed to the competition between spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and the magnetic proximity effect (MPE). Furthermore, the precise control over the AHE inversion has achieved through the application of extra in-plane magnetic fields (Hx). Our study clarifies the origins of the AHE in Pt/FMI bilayers, where the interaction between the SMR and MPE governs the direction and magnitude of the AHE. Furthermore, we showcase the ability to control the inversion of the AHE signal by manipulating the extra Hx.
A perspective on deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials
Authors: Liu Xu , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: March 2024

Deep ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals have important applications in lithography, microfabrication, and high-resolution photoelectric spectrometer. In recent years, significant progress has been made in both the theoretical design and experimental research of DUV NLO crystals. This review aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on exploring a new generation of DUV NLO materials. First, we summarize various computer-aided strategies for crystal structure design and emphasize their significant role in advancing the discovery of DUV NLO materials. Then, we outline several representative DUV crystals of experimental synthesis. Finally, we discuss the future prospects for exploring new generations of DUV NLO materials. We believe that employing data-driven, computer-aided methods to explore DUV NLO materials will help address the current challenges in the field of DUV NLO materials research. The close integration of calculation and experimentation will unlock new opportunities.