bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical model for the electrical conductivity of the hybrid nanocomposite comprising conducting nanowires and insulating particulate fillers
Authors: Lee Jungmin , Lee Sang Hyun , Hwang Jinyoung
Published: December 2023

This work presents an analytical model to predict the electrical conductivity of hybrid nanocomposites consisting of conducting nanowires and insulating particles. The model utilizes a single variable, the ratio of particle diameter to nanowire length, determined through data mining techniques. Machine learning techniques show a monotonically increasing relationship between this variable and conductivity. The conductivity equation is derived from the Kozeny–Carman relation, which relates conductivity to nanowire density and current path tortuosity. The Voronoi tessellation simplifies the filler distribution, allowing analytic expressions for these two characteristics. Results are compared to numerical simulation data to validate the model's accuracy.

Highlights

Novel equation developed for nanocomposite design based on physical parameters.

Data mining identifies key parameters governing the conductivity of nanocomposites.

Machine learning reveals the relationship between key parameters and conductivity.

Computational geometry quantizes the dispersion structure of fillers.

Derivation of a conductivity equation using the Kozeny–Carman relation.
Construction of Co1‐xS Nanoparticles Embedding in N‐Doped Amorphous Carbon@Graphene with Enhanced Li‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Tongjun , Chen Xuanchen , Pang Yudong , Li Xiangnan , Yue Hongyun , Yin Yanhong , Li Baojun , Yang Zongxian , Yang Shuting , Dong Hongyu
Published: December 2023

Cobalt sulfide is deemed a promising anode material, owing to its high theoretical capacity (630 mAh g−1). Due to its low conductivity, fast energy decay, and the huge volume change during the lithiation process limits its practical application. In this work, a simple and large‐scale method are developed to prepare Co1‐xS nanoparticles embedding in N‐doped carbon/graphene (CSCG). At a current density of 0.2 C, the reversible discharge capacity of CSCG maintains 937 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. The discharge capacity of CSCG maintains at 596 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at the high current density of 2.0 C. The excellent performance of CSCG is due to its unique structural features. The addition of rGO buffered volume changes while preventing Co1‐xS from crushing/aggregating during the cycle, resulting in multiplier charge–discharge and long cycle life. The N‐doped carbon provides a simple and easy way to achieve excellent performance in practical applications. Combined with density functional theory calculation, the presence of Co‐vacancies(Co1‐x) increases more active site. Moreover, N‐doping carbon is beneficial to the improve adsorption energy. This work presents a simple and effective structural engineering strategy and also provides a new idea to improve the performance of Li‐ion batteries.
Hypoxia and Matrix Metalloproteinase 13‐Responsive Hydrogel Microspheres Alleviate Osteoarthritis Progression In Vivo
Authors: Zhou Tong , Xiong Hao , Yao Shun‐Yu , Wang Shuqin , Li Shifen , Chang Jieting , Zhai Zihe , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Fan Cunyi , Gao Changyou
Published: December 2023

The occurrence of osteoarthritis (OA) is highly associated with the inflammatory hypoxic microenvironment. Yet currently no attention has been paid to fabricating hypoxia‐responsive platforms for OA treatment. Herein, an injectable hydrogel microsphere system (HAM‐SA@HCQ) focusing on the hypoxic inflamed joint is prepared with methacrylate‐modified sulfonated azocalix[4]arene (SAC4A‐MA), methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA‐MA), and dithiol‐terminated matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) sensitive peptide via a microfluidic device and photo crosslinking technique, followed by encapsulation of the anti‐inflammatory drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) through host–guest interaction. Owing to the hydrophobic deep cavity, phenolic units, and azo bonds of SAC4A‐MA, the hydrogel microspheres show strong drug loading capacity, prominent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capability, and specific hypoxia‐responsive drug release ability. In the OA tissue microenvironment, the hydrogel microspheres undergo degradation by excessive MMP‐13 and release HCQ under the hypoxia condition, which synergizes with the ROS‐scavenging calixarene to inhibit the inflammatory response of macrophages. After being injected into the OA‐inflamed joint, the HAM‐SA@HCQ can significantly attenuate the oxidative stress, downregulate the expression of hypoxia‐induced factor‐1α and inflammatory cytokines, and prevent the cartilage from being destroyed.
Inhalable Nitric Oxide Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment
Authors: Oh Yoogyeong , Park Kyungtae , Jung Sungwon , Choi Moonhyun , Kim Taihyun , Lee Yoojin , Choi Jae Young , Kim Yang‐Hee , Jung Se Yong , Hong Jinkee
Published: December 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule with potent vasodilator effects; however, inhaled NO is limited in clinical practice because of the need for tracheal intubation and the toxicity of high NO concentrations. In this study, inhalable NO‐releasing microspheres (NO inhalers) are fabricated to deliver nanomolar NO through a nebulizer. Two NO inhalers with distinct porous structures are prepared depending on the molecular weights of NO donors. It is confirmed that pore formation can be controlled by regulating the migration of water molecules from the external aqueous phase to the internal aqueous phase. Notably, open porous NO inhalers (OPNIs) can deliver NO deep into the lungs through a nebulizer. Furthermore, OPNIs exhibit vasodilatory and anti‐inflammatory effects via sustained NO release. In conclusion, the findings suggest that OPNIs with highly porous structures have the potential to serve as tools for PAH treatment.
Piezo‐Flexocatalysis of Single‐Atom Pt‐Loaded Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Wang Yu Teng , Lin Hsun‐Yen , Chen Yu‐Ching , Lin Yan‐Gu , Wu Jyh Ming
Published: December 2023

This study develops a single‐atom Pt‐loaded graphitic carbon nitride (SA‐Pt/CN) and evaluates its piezo‐flexocatalytic properties by conducting a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Rhodamine B (RB) dye degradation test under ultrasonic vibration in the dark. SA‐Pt/CN has a hydrogen gas yield of 1283.8 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 23.3 times higher than that of pristine g‐C3N4. Moreover, SA‐Pt/CN enhances the dye degradation reaction rate by ≈2.3 times compared with the pristine sample. SA‐Pt/CN exhibits lattice distortion and strain gradient enlargement caused by the single atom Pt at the N sites of g‐C3N4, which disrupts the symmetric structure and contributes to the enhancement of piezoelectric and flexoelectric polarization. As far as it is known, this is the first study to investigate the piezo‐flexocatalytic reaction of SA‐Pt/CN without light irradiation and provides new insights into single‐atom piezocatalysts.
The Materials Bank of the City of Porto: Flow of Processes to Recover Tiles in Urban Operations of Historic Buildings
Authors: Munaro Mayara Regina , do Carmo Duarte Freitas Maria , Tavares Sergio Fernando , Bragança Luís
Published: December 2023

The recovery and reuse of materials are one of the main objectives of the circular economy (CE) to minimize the environmental impacts of the construction industry. Public policies, citizen cultural awareness, urban mining practices, and analysis of material flows are being increasingly investigated seeking the reinsertion of materials into the economy. These practices are particularly important when they aim to protect the history and culture of a country, as in the case of Portuguese tiles, which constitute a significant part of Portuguese cultural heritage and must be safeguarded and protected. This article presents a case study of the Materials Bank (MB) of the City of Porto, Portugal, which aims to recover and protect the tile heritage of historic buildings in the municipality. The study sought to map the flow of processes that enable the formation of the MB, due to the joint efforts of local governance and public policies. The flowchart obtained guides managers to create public policies associated with actions for the maintenance and reuse of building materials in buildings related to historical and cultural heritage. It is observed that from legislation and engaged governance, it is possible to accelerate the operation of circular actions in the built environment and promote greater awareness about the reuse of secondary materials and the protection of historical heritage.
Enhancing Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in Circular Construction of Buildings by Applying BIM: A Literature Review
Authors: Alasmari Esam , AlJaber Abdulaziz , Martinez-Vazquez Pedro , Baniotopoulos Charalampos
Published: December 2023

Several challenges are associated with implementing Circular Economy (CE) in buildings. These include legal, technical, social, behavioural, and economic barriers. As a result of these challenges, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged as a tool to address them, supporting the development of digital models for sustainable end-of-life and offering material passports for efficient recovery of materials. This paper aims to review recent publications on the topic to explore strategies, material selection criteria and the role of circular components at various stages of building construction. This literature review is based on a review of 50 articles that contributes to the understanding of how BIM can enhance Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in the circular construction of buildings. This review identifies the barriers to implementing CE in buildings by examining recent publications in CE and highlights BIM potential to address these challenges. In this paper, the role of BIM is discussed in relation to sustainable design, material recovery, and components selection for buildings in circular construction. In addition, the review examines whether BIM can be used in circular construction to reduce LCC and promote sustainability. In constructing buildings in circular construction, BIM can be instrumental in enabling decision-makers to conduct comprehensive economic studies, leading to more holistic decision-making.
Standards for Recycling Oriented Deconstruction and Classification of Waste
Authors: Borg Ruben Paul
Published: December 2023

Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste is a priority waste stream due to the substantial amounts of such waste generated. There is a high potential for reuse and recycling of waste and byproducts. The Constuction and Demolition Waste Strategy for Malta supports the transition towards a more circular economy and closes the loop of construction products life cycle. The quality of recycling and recovery of this waste stream needs to be improved, for market conditions to be developed to increase the demand for secondary raw materials. The paper reviews the strategic framework leading to the design, development and eventual implementation of National Standards for Excavation, Construction and Demolition Waste in Malta. The Standards presented, consist of two complimentary documents, developed to cover deconstruction, excavation and classification of waste and recycled aggregate. Standard SM810—Recycling-oriented Deconstruction, Controlled Excavation Works and Classification of Waste: Requirements for planning and execution, sets to prioritise the reduction of waste generation and highlights the importance of saving raw material resources. Standard SM820—Classification of Recycled Aggregate, sets out technical engineering attributes for the classification of waste aggregate, enabling its exploitation as a resource. A regulatory and legislative framework was developed for the implementation of the Standards. This important development sets the scene for the effective implementation of Circular Economy in the Construction Industry in the Maltese Islands.
Birth and death of entanglement between two accelerating Unruh-DeWitt detectors coupled with a scalar field
Authors: Wu Dawei , Tang Shan-Chang , Shi Yu
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We study two accelerating Unruh-DeWitt detectors coupled linearly or quadratically with a scalar field, by using an approach different from previous ones. We use Rindler frame, and integrate over the spacetime coordinates before over the momenta. In this way, the divergent problem previously encountered is avoided. We show that entanglement between the detectors can be created by coupling with the field, and is divergent only in the limit that the two detectors coincide in spacetime. For linear coupling, entanglement increases monotonically with the decrease of acceleration, as previously found, while for quadratic coupling, entanglement behaves non-monotonically, as noted for the first time.
Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Two Soybean Genotypes with Varied Susceptibilities Through Foliar Application of Acetic Acid
Authors: Basal Oqba , Munkhbat Urin , Veres Szilvia
Published: December 2023

Soybean is a very important food legume because of its high protein and oil concentrations. However, soybean is vulnerable to drought stress, which has become more severe and occasional in many regions worldwide. To alleviate drought’s influence, the application of certain agents is increasingly gaining attention as it is economically affordable and practically applicable. Acetic acid (AA) is, by far, one of the cheapest agents that are reported to have potential benefits against drought; however, no accurate data on its influence on soybean genotypes differing in their drought tolerance are published. An experiment was conducted in a controlled environment to evaluate the effects of AA on the morpho-physiology of two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes: drought-tolerant ‘Speeda’ and drought-susceptible ‘Coraline.’ Chlorophyll-a and total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, and specific leaf area of both soybean genotypes decreased under water deprivation conditions. However, AA application enhanced these traits significantly. Drought reduced the optimal and the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII of ‘Coraline,’ but not ‘Speeda.’ The application of AA could not enhance the relative water content of both genotypes. Root and shoot morphology were negatively influenced by drought in both genotypes; however, AA helped in restoring these traits in ‘Coraline,’ but not ‘Speeda,’ indicating that AA application might be more beneficial in the case of drought-susceptible soybean genotypes.
A new methodology to characterize the kinetics of a seed during the imbibition process
Authors: Moret-Fernández D. , Tormo J. , Latorre B.
Published: December 2023

Aims

Assuming the saturated, θs, and residual θr volumetric water contents of a seed as known inputs, we present a methodology to determine the hydraulic properties of a seed: α, n parameters and hydraulic conductivity Ks.

Methods

The seed is considered as a porous material in which water flow is governed with the same hydraulic properties defined for soils. Using the HYDRUS-2D software, the hydraulic properties of a seed were estimated from the inverse analysis of several cumulative seed imbibition curves measured at different seed water potentials, h. The optimum number of h was evaluated on synthetic seeds. The theoretical analysis was validated in laboratory experiments on barley, wheat and vetch seeds, where imbibition curves were measured with germination tests at seven levels of h (from 0 to -2.50 MPa).

Results

The theoretical analysis showed that accurate estimates of α, n and Ks can be obtained if the most negative h-values are included in the optimization. The sensitivity analysis showed that the method allows obtaining a unique solution of α, n and Ks. The optimization error on the theoretical α, n and Ks was less than 1%. A satisfactory validation was also obtained on the experimental seed imbibition curves, with robust fits between the measured and optimized data. A unique solution of α, n and Ks was also obtained in all cases.

Conclusions

A new method to determine the hydraulic properties of a seed is presented. This methodology could be used in different areas involving seed imbibition and also to simulate seed imbibition in different scenarios.
Biosensor-Based Nanodiagnosis of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): an Approach to Classification and Precise Detection of Cancer Biomarker
Authors: Hariri Maryam , Alivirdiloo Vahid , Ardabili Nastaran Safavi , Gholami Sarah , Masoumi Sajjad , Mehraban Mohammad Reza , Alem Mahsa , Hosseini Reza Shah , Mobed Ahmad , Ghazi Farhood , Alipourfard Iraj
Published: December 2023

The precise detection of cancer biomarkers is a principal aspect of effective diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutics. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein normally found in very small amounts in the blood of adults. CEA blood levels can be elevated in benign diseases and certain types of cancer. The CEA test is most commonly used to identify a significantly frequent cancer, colorectal cancer. It has decisive clinical value in monitoring, differential diagnosis, disease, and assessment of therapeutic effects. Therefore, it is important to develop a sensitive and simple CEA detection method to diagnose cancer and improve patient survival accurately. Biosensing has great advantages for early disease detection due to its rapid response, high sensitivity, and convenient operating characteristics. Based on several studies, biosensors seem to be new and promising paths in the future of medical oncology. The main purpose of this study is to introduce and discuss the recent nanodiagnostic biosensors developed since 2018. Therefore, the readers of this study will be introduced to the latest biosensors, the various nanomaterials used in them, and their analytical characteristics.

Graphical abstract
A question of Frohardt on -groups, skew translation quadrangles of even order and cyclic STGQs
Authors: Thas Koen
Published: December 2023

We solve a fundamental question posed in Frohardt’s 1988 paper [6] on finite

$2$

-groups with Kantor familes, by showing that finite groups K with a Kantor family

$(\mathcal {F},\mathcal {F}^*)$

having distinct members

$A, B \in \mathcal {F}$

such that

$A^* \cap B^*$

is a central subgroup of K and the quotient

$K/(A^* \cap B^*)$

is abelian cannot exist if the center of K has exponent

$4$

and the members of

$\mathcal {F}$

are elementary abelian. Then we give a short geometrical proof of a recent result of Ott which says that finite skew translation quadrangles of even order

$(t,t)$

(where t is not a square) are always translation generalized quadrangles. This is a consequence of a complete classification of finite cyclic skew translation quadrangles of order

$(t,t)$

that we carry out in the present paper.
HOLOCENE OVERWASH OCCURRENCE AGE IN THE ISUMI RIVER LOWLAND, EASTERN BOSO PENINSULA, JAPAN
Authors: Oda Soichiro , Obrochta Stephen P , Fujiwara Osamu , Yokoyama Yusuke , Miyairi Yosuke , Hatakeyama Yoshiya
Published: December 2023

Analysis of the chronological data and observation of a lagoonal sediment core reveal sand washover events between around 2.4 to 2.5 cal. ky BP in the Isumi River lowland. We conducted radiocarbon dating with AMS and constructed an age-depth model using the latest calibration curve and appropriate model routine. In the middle to lower part of the core, dark-gray sand layers are repeatedly deposited. Sand layers may exhibit an erosional surface at the base with fining upward grading. The overwash layers are composed of well-rounded sand with occasional gravel, indicative of transportation. overwash sediment characteristics are consistent with proximal marine deposits, suggesting an ocean origin (though riverine sediment is also similar in character). The age-depth model indicates very high sediment accumulation rates associated with overwash deposits. Based on the amount of accumulated sediment, relatively large-scale redeposition events occurred during this period but more information is needed to constrain the mechanism(s) causing the events. We also present a local reservoir age correction compatible with the Marine20 calibration curve.
Evaluating the relationship between the nutrient intake of lactating women and their breast milk nutritional profile: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Falize Coralie , Savage M. , Jeanes Yvonne M. , Dyall Simon C.
Published: December 2023

Maternal diet influences breast milk nutritional profile; however, it is unclear which nutrients and contaminants are particularly responsive to short- and long-term changes in maternal intake, and the impact of specific exclusion diets, such as vegan or vegetarian. This study systematically reviewed the literature on the effects of maternal nutrient intake, including exclusion diets, on both the nutrient and contaminant content of breast milk. The electronic databases, PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science and CINALH were systematically searched until 4 June 2023, with additionally searches of reference lists (PROSPERO, CRD42020221577). The quality of the studies was examined using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Eighty-eight studies (n 6577) met the search criteria. Due to high heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not possible. There was strong evidence of response to maternal intakes for DHA and EPA, vitamins A, E and K, iodine and Se in breast milk composition, some evidence of response for α-linolenic acid, B vitamins, vitamin C and D, ovalbumin, tyrosine and contaminants, and insufficient evidence to identify the effects arachidonic acid, Cu, Fe, Zn and choline. The paucity of evidence and high heterogeneity among studies reflects the need for more high-quality trials. However, this review identified the importance of maternal intake in the nutritional content of breast milk for a wide range of nutrients and supports the recommendation for supplementation of DHA and vitamin B12 for those on restrictive diets.
The cestode Stringopotaenia psittacea (Fuhrmann, 1904) (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from a critically endangered New Zealand bird: New evidence from ancient coprolites
Authors: Horrocks M. , Presswell B.
Published: December 2023

New Zealand’s kākāpō parrot, once widespread, is now critically endangered due to habitat loss and introduced mammalian predators. Prior to major population decline, a unique kākāpō cestode, Stringopotaenia psittacea, was found in the 1880s and first described in 1904. Here we report the discovery of eggs of this cestode in kākāpō coprolites of pre-human settlement age from the Honeycomb Hill cave system, north-west Nelson. Analysis of 52 samples, including coprolites of post-human settlement age, from nine sites within six South Island locations across a wide geographic range, yielded only eight infected samples in this single cave system. Results suggest that prior to human settlement, S.psittacea was not widespread within and between kākāpō populations, in marked contrast to other parasite types of the extinct moa spp. Intense management of the last remaining kākāpō has endangered or possibly caused the extinction of this cestode. This is the first confirmed record of S.psittacea since its discovery in 1884.
Association between a lifestyle score and all-cause mortality: a prospective analysis of the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010
Authors: Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Diaz-Toro Felipe , Troncoso-Pantoja Claudia , Martínez-Sanguinetti María Adela , Leiva-Ordoñez Ana María , Nazar Gabriela , Concha-Cisternas Yeny , Díaz Martínez Ximena , Lanuza Fabian , Carrasco-Marín Fernanda , Martorell Miquel , Ramírez-Alarcón Karina , Labraña Ana María , Parra-Soto Solange , Villagran Marcelo , Lasserre-Laso Nicole , Cigarroa Igor , Mardones Lorena , Vásquez-Gómez Jaime , Celis-Morales Carlos A
Published: December 2023

Objective:

To investigate the association between a lifestyle score and all-cause mortality in the Chilean population.

Design:

Prospective study.

Settings:

The score was based on seven modifiable behaviours: salt intake, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, smoking, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. 1-point was assigned for each healthy recommendation. Points were summed to create an unweighted score from 0 (less healthy) to 7 (healthiest). According to their score, participants were then classified into: less healthy (0–2 points), moderately healthy (3–4 points) and the healthiest (5–7 points). Associations between the categories of lifestyle score and all-cause mortality were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for confounders. Nonlinear associations were also investigated.

Participants:

2706 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010.

Results:

After a median follow-up of 10·9 years, 286 (10·6 %) participants died. In the maximally adjusted model, and compared with the healthiest participants, those less healthy had 2·55 (95 % CI 1·75, 3·71) times higher mortality risk due to any cause. Similar trends were identified for the moderately healthy group. Moreover, there was a significant trend towards increasing the mortality risk when increasing unhealthy behaviours (hazard ratio model 3: 1·61 (95 % CI 1·34, 1·94)). There was no evidence of nonlinearity between the lifestyle score and all-cause mortality.

Conclusion:

Individuals in the less healthy lifestyle category had higher mortality risk than the healthiest group. Therefore, public health strategies should be implemented to promote adherence to a healthy lifestyle across the Chilean population.
A compact and fully integrated $\text{0.48}\,\text{THz}$ FMCW radar transceiver combined with a dielectric lens
Authors: Starke David , Bott Jonathan , Vogelsang Florian , Sievert Benedikt , Barowski Jan , Schulz Christian , Rücker Holger , Rennings Andreas , Erni Daniel , Rolfes Ilona , Pohl Nils
Published: December 2023

Electronic measurement systems in the THz frequency range are often bulky and expensive devices. While some compact single-chip systems operating in the high millimeter-wave frequency range have recently been published, compact measurement systems in the low THz frequency range are still rare. The emergence of new silicon-germanium (SiGe) semiconductor technologies allow the integration of system components, like oscillators, frequency multipliers, frequency dividers, and antennas, operating in the low THz frequency range, into a compact monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC), which contains most components to implement a low-cost and compact frequency-modulated continuous-wave-radar transceiver. This article presents a single transceiver solution containing all necessary components. It introduces a $0.48\,\mathrm{THz}$ radar transceiver MMIC with a tuning range of $43\,\mathrm{GHz}$ and an output power of up to $-9.4\,\mathrm{dBm}$ in the SG13G3 $130\,\mathrm{nm}$ SiGe technology by IHP. The MMIC is complemented by a dielectric lens antenna design consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, providing up to $39.3\,\mathrm d\mathrm B\mathrm i$ of directivity and half-power beam widths of 0.95∘ in transmit and receive direction. The suppression of clutter from unwanted targets deviating from antenna boresight more than 6∘ is higher than $24.6\,\mathrm d \mathrm B$ in E- and H-Plane.
Einsatz von Demonstrationsvideos zur Psychotherapie im Psychologiestudium
Authors: Hannse Christin , Drückler Annika , Kröger Christoph
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Demonstrationsvideos (DVs) mit Simulationspatient_innen sind eine innovative Lehrmethode. Fragestellung: Eignen sich DVs für die Lehre verschiedener Psychotherapieverfahren im Bachelorstudium Psychologie und als Klausurvorbereitung? Methode: In einer Pilotstudie wurde Studierenden je ein DV zur tiefenpsychologischen, gesprächspsychotherapeutischen, verhaltenstherapeutischen und systemischen Therapie nach der dazugehörigen Vorlesung gezeigt. Das Abschneiden der Studierenden in verfahrensspezifischen Klausurfragen wurde mit den Ergebnissen aus dem Vorjahr verglichen. In einer zweiten, randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie (RCT) wurden dieselben DVs im Vergleich zu Lehrbuchtexten nach der Vorlesung eingesetzt. Anschließend beantworteten die Studierenden Fragen zu verfahrensspezifischem Wissen und bewerteten verfahrensspezifische Merkmale. Ergebnisse: In der Pilotstudie schnitt die Studierendengruppe mit DVs ( n = 59) in Klausurfragen besser ab als die Gruppe aus dem Vorjahr ohne DVs ( n = 65). In der RCT ( n = 43 – 53) konnte die Videogruppe die Wissensabfrage zur Tiefenpsychologie und Verhaltenstherapie besser beantworten. Verfahrensspezifische Merkmale wurden teilweise erkannt. Schlussfolgerungen: DVs sind eine vielversprechende Lehrmethode, jedoch Lehrbuchtexten nicht immer überlegen.
Evaluating the Representation of Tropical Stratocumulus and Shallow Cumulus Clouds As Well As Their Radiative Effects in CMIP6 Models Using Satellite Observations
Authors: Črnivec Nina , Cesana Grégory , Pincus Robert
Published: December 2023

Low clouds over tropical oceans reflect a great proportion of solar radiation back to space and thereby cool the Earth, yet this phenomenon has been poorly simulated in several previous generations of climate models. The principal aim of the present study is to employ satellite observations to evaluate the representation of marine tropical low clouds and their radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere in a subset of latest climate models participating in CMIP6. We strive for regime‐oriented model validation and hence introduce a qualitative approach to discriminate stratocumulus (Sc) from shallow cumulus (Cu). The novel Sc‐Cu categorization has a conceptual advantage of being based on cloud properties, rather than relying on a model response to a cloud‐controlling factor. We find that CMIP6 models underestimate low‐cloud cover in both Sc‐regions and Cu‐regions of tropical oceans. A more detailed investigation of cloud biases reveals that most CMIP6 models underestimate the relative frequency of occurrence (RFO) of Sc and overestimate RFO of Cu. We further demonstrate that tropical low cloudiness in CMIP6 models remains too bright. The regime‐oriented validation represents the basis for improving parameterizations of physical processes that determine the cloud cover and radiative impact of Sc and Cu, which are still misrepresented in current climate models.
Evaluating Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the US in Conventional and Multiscale Modeling Framework Configurations of E3SMv1
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Ching , Kooperman Gabriel J. , Hannah Walter M. , Reed Kevin A. , Akinsanola Akintomide A. , Pendergrass Angeline G.
Published: December 2023

Organized mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) contribute a significant amount of precipitation in the Central and Eastern US during spring and summer, which impacts the availability of freshwater and flooding events. However, current global Earth system models cannot capture MCSs well and misrepresent the statistics of precipitation in the region. In this study, we investigate the representation of MCSs in three configurations of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1) by tracking individual storms based on outgoing longwave radiation using a new application of TempestExtremes. Our results indicate that conventional parameterizations of convection, implemented in both low (LR; ∼150 km) and high (HR; ∼25 km) resolution configurations, fail to capture almost all MCS‐like events, in‐part because they underestimate high‐level cloud ice associated with deep convection. On the other hand, the multiscale modeling framework (MMF; cloud‐resolving models embedded in each grid‐column of ∼150 km resolution E3SMv1) configuration represents MCSs and their annual cycle better. Nevertheless, relative to observations, the E3SMv1‐MMF spatial distribution of MCSs and associated precipitation is shifted eastward, and the diurnal timing is lagged. A comparison between the large‐scale environment in E3SMv1‐MMF and ERA5 reanalysis suggests that the biases during the summer in E3SMv1‐MMF are associated with biases in low‐level humidity and meridional moisture transport within the low‐level jet. The fact that conventional parameterizations of convection, even with high‐resolution, cannot capture MCSs over the US suggests that methods with explicit representation of kilometer‐scale convective organization, such as the MMF, may be necessary for improving the simulation of these convective systems.
Spatial–temporal evolution of soil gas Rn before two Ms ≥ 5.0 earthquakes in the mid-eastern of the Qilian fault zone (QLF)
Authors: Zhou Huiling , Wan Yue , Su Hejun , Li Chenhua
Published: December 2023

The mid-eastern segment of the Qilianshan fault zone (QLF) on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is considered one of the key seismic hazard areas. The Zhangye Ms5.0 earthquake and Menyuan Ms6.9 earthquake are the two Ms ≥ 5.0 earthquakes in recent years. The spatio-temporal evolution of Rn across the fault before the two Ms ≥ 5.0 earthquakes were explored by combining a solid seismogenic model and numerical simulation results in this study. The results demonstrates the spatial distribution of Rn concentration intensity varies over time, indicating the evolving characteristics of fracture zone activity. The time-series variation characteristics are closely related the Zhangye Ms5.0 earthquake and Menyuan Ms6.9 earthquake. Overall, in the seismic source area and surrounding medium area of Zhangye Ms5.0 earthquake, the soil gas Rn anomaly across faults characterized by a turning upward trend after continuous decline. The closer to the source area, the more obvious the upward trend. For Menyuan Ms6.9 earthquake, the survey line (HT1) located in the main fracture zone of the earthquake and the survey line (HT7,30km from the epicenter) closer to the epicenter also showed a similar trend, while the other measurement lines in far-field exhibit declining trend before the Menyuan Ms6.9 earthquake. Therefore, the continuous decline trend of soil gas may be crucial information for medium-term earthquake preparation in the seismogenic zone, and the trend of turning upward after continuous decline is a significant signal of short-term seismogenic event in far-field. This research could improve the understanding of the anomalous features of soil gas precursors and tracking the active sections of the fault. According to the model, the earthquake area canseismic source area, the surrounding medium area be divided into three sections: the seismic source area, the surrounding medium area, and the fracture fragmentation area.
The interaction of mast cells with membranes from lung cancer cells induces the release of extracellular vesicles with a unique miRNA signature
Authors: Shemesh Rachel , Laufer-Geva Smadar , Gorzalczany Yaara , Anoze Alaa , Sagi-Eisenberg Ronit , Peled Nir , Roisman Laila C.
Published: December 2023

Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells that play roles in both normal and abnormal processes. They have been linked to tumor progression in several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the exact role of MCs in NSCLC is still unclear. Some studies have shown that the presence of a large number of MCs is associated with poor prognosis, while others have suggested that MCs have protective effects. To better understand the role of MCs in NSCLC, we aimed to identify the initial mechanisms underlying the communication between MCs and lung cancer cells. Here, we recapitulated cell-to-cell contact by exposing MCs to membranes derived from lung cancer cells and confirming their activation, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of the ERK and AKT kinases. Profiling of the microRNAs that were selectively enriched in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the lung cancer-activated MCs revealed that they contained significantly increased amounts of miR-100-5p and miR-125b, two protumorigenic miRNAs. We explored the pathways regulated by these miRNAs via enrichment analysis using the KEGG database, demonstrating that these two miRNAs regulate p53 signaling, cancer pathways, and pathways associated with apoptosis and the cell cycle.
Novel method of building train and test sets for evaluation of machine learning models related to software bugs assignment
Authors: Chmielowski Lukasz , Kucharzak Michal , Burduk Robert
Published: December 2023

Nowadays many tools are in use in processes related to handling bug reports, feature requests, supporting questions or similar related issues which should be handled during software development or maintenance. Part of them use machine learning techniques. In introduction is presented a review of fundamental methods used for evaluation of machine learning models. This paper points out weak points of currently used metrics for evaluation in specific context of the cases related to software development especially bug reports. The disadvantages of state of the art are related to disregarding time dependencies which are important to be applied for creating train and test sets as they may have impact on results. Extensive research of the art has been conducted and has not been found any article with the use of time dependencies for evaluation of machine learning models in the context of works related to software development applications like machine learning solutions to supporting bug tracking systems. This paper introduces a novel solution which is devoid of these drawbacks. Experimental research showed the effectiveness of the introduced method and significantly different results obtained compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
A two‐stage scheduling model for urban distribution network resilience enhancement in ice storms
Authors: Zhao Yuheng , Wan Can , Wang Chong , Wang Naiyu , Deng Ruilong , Li Binbin
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a two‐stage stochastic scheduling model for urban distribution network resilience enhancement against ice storms, which coordinates mobile deicing equipment routing and distributed energy resources dispatching. An improved line ice thickness prediction model and a photovoltaic power generation prediction method in accordance with conditional generative adversarial networks are proposed to provide data boundaries for scheduling strategy. Facing the uncertainty of line failure, a two‐stage scenario‐based distribution network optimization model is established. At first stage, the mobile deicing equipment routing strategy is decided to mitigate the impact caused by ice storms. The Monte‐Carlo simulation method is introduced to describe the uncertainty of line failure due to ice acceleration. For the second stage, based on the results of photovoltaic forecasting and possible distribution line failure scenario generated by Monte‐Carlo simulation method, the optimal distributed energy resources dispatching strategy can be obtained through the mixed integer programming. The proposed model is simplified to a mixed integer linear programming model that can be solved by a commercial solver. The test results on the modified IEEE 33‐node system and modified 69‐node system demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the resilience performance of urban distribution network under ice storms.
Essential Oil Extraction from Orange and Lemon Peel
Authors: Karne Hemlata , Kelkar Vedvati , Mundhe Apoorva , Ikar Mitesh , Betawar Shantanu , Chaudhari Nikita
Published: December 2023

The one-third of all food produced for human use is wasted each year which has made food waste a serious problem all around the world. Citrus juice manufacturing factories generate peel leftovers that can account for 50-60% of the weight of the fruit, contributing significantly to food waste. This study investigates the extraction of orange and lemon peel oils using the Soxhlet process and their analysis via gas chromatography. The aim is to identify and quantify key volatile compounds present in these oils, thereby putting the leftover peels to use. Fresh orange and lemon peels were transformed into zest and extracted using Hexane and Ethanol as solvent in a Soxhlet apparatus. Gas chromatography with a specialized column and detector unveiled major volatile compounds, including limonene, linalool, citral. These compounds contribute to the characteristic aroma and potential bioactivity of the oils. Orange peels displayed notably higher limonene content compared to lemon peels. This approach illuminated the chemical composition of the oils, offering opportunities in food, cosmetics, and fragrance industries. Orange peels contained 70-90% limonene, significantly more than lemon peels. The study concluded that peels harbor 28 volatile substances, with limonene responsible for their distinctive citrus scent. In sum, this research underscores the effectiveness of Soxhlet extraction, providing insights into orange and lemon peel oils’ composition using Gas chromatography and applications.
Forming a sustainable ecological environment of the coastal areas of urban water bodies
Authors: Dolgova Viktoria , Kochurov Boris , Alferov Ivan
Published: December 2023

Green embankments are one of the topical themes in modern urbanism and the most valuable urban resource, mainly determining the image and state of the city’s environment. Russia’s historic cities are redeveloping the coastal space. The historic image of the city’s water features is essential in many ways. The waterways of the urban system originally were and are city-forming objects. Improvement, renovation, and restoration of coastal areas is an urgent task, requiring integrated approaches to realize the sustainable development of urban areas.
CD5L is a canonical component of circulatory IgM
Authors: Oskam Nienke , den Boer Maurits A. , Lukassen Marie V. , Ooijevaar-de Heer Pleuni , Veth Tim S. , van Mierlo Gerard , Lai Szu-Hsueh , Derksen Ninotska I. L. , Yin Victor , Streutker Marij , Franc Vojtech , Šiborová Marta , Damen Mirjam J. A. , Kos Dorien , Barendregt Arjan , Bondt Albert , van Goudoever Johannes B. , de Haas Carla J. C. , Aerts Piet C. , Muts Remy M. , Rooijakkers Suzan H. M. , Vidarsson Gestur , Rispens Theo , Heck Albert J. R.
Published: December 2023

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an evolutionary conserved key component of humoral immunity, and the first antibody isotype to emerge during an immune response. IgM is a large (1 MDa), multimeric protein, for which both hexameric and pentameric structures have been described, the latter additionally containing a joining (J) chain. Using a combination of single-particle mass spectrometry and mass photometry, proteomics, and immunochemical assays, we here demonstrate that circulatory (serum) IgM exclusively exists as a complex of J-chain-containing pentamers covalently bound to the small (36 kDa) protein CD5 antigen-like (CD5L, also called apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage). In sharp contrast, secretory IgM in saliva and milk is principally devoid of CD5L. Unlike IgM itself, CD5L is not produced by B cells, implying that it associates with IgM in the extracellular space. We demonstrate that CD5L integration has functional implications, i.e., it diminishes IgM binding to two of its receptors, the FcαµR and the polymeric Immunoglobulin receptor. On the other hand, binding to FcµR as well as complement activation via C1q seem unaffected by CD5L integration. Taken together, we redefine the composition of circulatory IgM as a J-chain containing pentamer, always in complex with CD5L.
Error analysis for deep neural network approximations of parametric hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: De Ryck T. , Mishra S.
Published: December 2023

We derive rigorous bounds on the error resulting from the approximation of the solution of parametric hyperbolic scalar conservation laws with ReLU neural networks. We show that the approximation error can be made as small as desired with ReLU neural networks that overcome the curse of dimensionality. In addition, we provide an explicit upper bound on the generalization error in terms of the training error, number of training samples and the neural network size. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments.
The Laplace spectrum on conformally compact manifolds
Authors: Charalambous Nelia , Rowlett Julie
Published: December 2023

We consider the spectrum of the Laplace operator acting on

L

p

\mathcal {L}^p

over a conformally compact manifold for

1
≤
p
≤
∞

1 \leq p \leq \infty

. We prove that for

p
≠
2

p \neq 2

this spectrum always contains an open region of the complex plane. We further show that the spectrum is contained within a certain parabolic region of the complex plane. These regions depend on the value of

p
p

, the dimension of the manifold, and the values of the sectional curvatures approaching the boundary.
A Tale of Two Civil Religions: Ritual, Transcendence, and the Crisis of Meaning in American Politics
Authors: Fordahl Clayton
Published: December 2023

This article does three things to advance the study of civil religion and American society. First, it identifies and examines a conceptual cleavage between the initial use of civil religion (deistic civil religion) and a later adaptation (Durkheimian civil religion), both of which offer distinct liberal-humanistic alternatives to how aspects of traditional religion might be used in contemporary, secular-modern political life. Second, it measures these two civil religions to assess the relative place of each in American public life. This reveals a puzzle: while the original, deistic conception of civil religion demonstrates a persistent presence in American public life, the later, the Durkheimian version of civil religion, is less vital and more polarized. The third portion of this article presents one explanation for this puzzle. This article argues that the story of the two civil religions demonstrates the ways in which modern political theories have fallen short in their goal of replicating the functions of traditional religion.
Functional Independence of Children With Arthrogryposis
Authors: Hyer Lauren C. , Shull Emily R. , Wagner Lisa V. , Westberry David E.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Arthrogryposis (AMC) is a descriptive term to characterize a child born with multiple joint contractures. Treatment aims to improve functional independence, yet the literature objectively describing functional independence in this population is scarce. This study aimed to describe the functional independence of children with AMC through the lens of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) and observational activities of daily living (ADL) tasks.

Methods:

Patients with AMC between the ages of 3 and 12 years participated in this prospective study. Parents completed the PEDI-CAT while a trained occupational therapist observed children as they completed a checklist of functional ADL tasks. Patients were grouped according to developmental age groups: “preschoolers” (3 to 5 y), “early school-age” (6 to 9 y), and “late school-age” (10 to 12 y). Patient’s PEDI-CAT normative scores were described, comparing the study population to typically developing children, and differences in each domain were examined between developmental age groups. The observed ADL tasks completed were also described, and differences in scores were examined between developmental age groups.

Results:

Forty-four patients (mean age of 7±2.86 y) were enrolled. The distribution between age groups was nearly even. Mean daily activities T-score for patients with AMC was 25.80±11.98 and the mean mobility T-score was 17.39±9.77. Late school-age children scored significantly lower than preschool-age children in both of these domains (P<0.01). Observed ADL tasks demonstrated a high level of required assistance for patients (range: 27.3% to 61.4%), although older school-age children did show greater independence with tested activities than preschool-age children (P=0.05).

Conclusion:

Children with AMC are significantly limited in functional independence, particularly regarding age-appropriate daily activities and mobility. Outcomes from this study provide a reference to help gauge the results of nonoperative and surgical treatment toward improving functional independence in this population.

Level of Evidence:

Level III: prognostic study.