bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USING THE GEOMETRIC SIMULATION AT PLANNING OF MIXERS OF TELESCOPIC CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Miroshnychenko K. K.
Published: October 2015

Purpose. The use of traditional processing methods to obtain a homogeneous fiber reinforced concrete does not ensure the creation of high quality, homogeneous construction materials. This study aimes to develop (with the use of geometric simulation of different variants of the working parts of faucets, ensures effective mixing of building structures from concrete. Methodology. The complex of theoretical research allowed formulating the design principles of resource-saving technologies of production of particulate-reinforced compounds with high performance properties. Using the geometric simulation developed different versions of the blades of the working bodies of mixers with the complex geometric shapes, providing excellent mixing of the the fiber-reinforced fine-grained material. Findings. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at developing the fundamentally new approaches to the preparation (mixing) of fiber-reinforced concrete with different types of fibers and the manufacture of products from them, the author obtained some results. Namely the technology of preparation of fiber-reinforced concrete using telescopic design mixers with effective blades of complex shape was developed. Application of the developed blades allows obtaining a homogeneous fiber-reinforced concrete composition. Due to the high quality of mixing the time of preparation of the mixture reduces. This factor reduces the repair costs of equipment and electricity. Originality. The author developed the design of the mixer with the working body of the telescopic type with blades of complex shape. Practical value. The use of the proposed technology of mixing a particle-reinforced material with the use of the mixer with a working body of a telescopic design with blades with complex geometric shapes provides the high uniformity of fiber-reinforced concrete composition. The author proposed technological methods of production, allow expanding the scope of fibroareolar fine-grained concrete significantly.
PRE and POST Herbicidal Activity of Monoterpenes against Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Authors: Gouda Neama A. A. , Saad Mona M. G. , Abdelgaleil Samir A. M.
Published: October 2015

Monoterpenes, the major constituents of essential oils, are known for their diverse biological activities. This study was conducted to assess the herbicidal effect of six monoterpenes viz. (R)-carvone, 1,8-cineole, cuminaldehyde, (S)-fenchone, geraniol, (S)-limonene, and (R)-linalool on barnyardgrass under laboratory and glasshouse conditions with a view to explore the possibility of their utilization for future weed management. The effect of monoterpenes on chlorophyll contents and total phenolic compounds was also evaluated. The inhibitory effects of monoterpenes on seed germination and seedling growth were tested at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mM. The results showed that geraniol and (R)-carvone caused greatest reduction of seed germination with complete inhibition at the concentrations > 2 mM. Similarly, these two compounds were the most potent inhibiters for root and shoot growth. In general, monoterpenes were less effective against seed germination than seedling growth. Furthermore, the inhibition of root growth by all compounds was greater than that of shoot growth. In foliar application treatments under glasshouse conditions, the monoterpenes reduced the fresh and dry weights, and shoot length of two-leaf stage barnyardgrass at concentrations of 1 and 2%. In addition, the tested monoterpenes caused phytotoxicity symptoms, mainly chlorosis and necrosis, followed by weed death. Complete weed control was observed in the treatments with 1 and 2% of geraniol, and 2% of cuminaldehyde. Further, a reduction of chlorophyll contents and total phenolic compounds of barnyardgrass leaves was noticed, indicating that the monoterpenes cause adverse effect on photosynthesis and weed metabolism. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the monoterpenes, particularly geraniol, (R)-carvone, and cuminaldehyde, can be used as potential natural herbicides.
In Reply
Authors: Pulte Dianne , Jansen Lina , Brenner Hermann
Published: October 2015

Although the lack of clinical information in some databases limits their use, all databases have advantages and disadvantages and provide important information concerning the overall outcomes of patients. It is important to improve access to care for patients with no health insurance or suboptimal insurance.
Efficiency of fishing gears in the river Halda, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Arshad-Ul-Alam Mohammad , Azadi Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2015

To determine the catch efficiency of fishing gears, catch per unit effort (CPUE)data were collected for two years during January 2007 to December 2008 from the river Halda. Analyses were done to examine the variation of CPUE among gears, studied sections, months and years. The mean CPUE for pooled data of all gears was 2.247±0.265 kg.gear-1day-1 and 2.697±0.355 kg.gear-1day-1 for 2007 and 2008 respectively. Among eight gear categories, bag nets yielded the highest CPUE during 2007 (5.957±0.704 kg.gear-1day-1) and seine nets during 2008 (7.288±1.477 kg.gear-1day-1). Among 31 gear types, small meshed bag nets yielded the highest CPUE (18.065±6.660 and 15.69±4.479 kg.gear-1day-1 during 2007 and 2008 respectively). CPUE was highest during March-April and September-November periods. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among catch rates of different fishing gears. The CPUE differed significantly among different months for net fence, gill net, cast net and scoop net during 2007; and for seine net, net fence, bag net and cast net during 2008.
Suplementação de L-Valina e L-Glutamina+L-Ãcido glutâmico em dietas de leitões desmamados
Authors: Rodrigues Naiara Diedrich , Bridi Ana Maria , Nogueira Eduardo , Oliveira Eduardo Raele , Silva Roberta Abrami Monteiro , Lozano Arturo Pardo , Novais Aliny Ketlim , Frederico Giovani , Silva Caio Abercio da
Published: October 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética de L-Valina e L-Glutamina + L-Ãcido Glutâmico para leitões desmamados sobre o desempenho, frequência de diarreia, peso dos órgãos, pH da digesta, morfologia intestinal e viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizados 72 leitões com 7,53 ± 0,84 kg de peso vivo e 24 dias de idade, submetidos a quatro tratamentos, dos 24 aos 46 dias de idade, correspondendo às dietas sem suplementação dos aminoácidos ou dieta controle (DC), com suplementação de glutamina + ácido glutâmico (DG), com glutamina + ácido glutâmico + valina (DGV), e com valina (DV). Foram estabelecidas duas fases sequenciais, pré-inicial I e pré-inicial II, com duração de 12 e 11 dias, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições e três suínos por unidade experimental. Nove dias após o desmame, aos 32 dias de idade, um leitão por baia foi abatido para avaliar o peso dos órgãos, pH da digesta e a morfologia intestinal. Dos 47 aos 65 dias todos os animais receberam uma única dieta. Não foram observados efeitos para o desempenho nas fases pré-inicial I e II, porém para o período total avaliado (24 a 65 dias de idade) os leitões previamente alimentados com DGV consumiram menos ração e apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar em relação aos animais do grupo DV. Para os parâmetros morfométricos, a DG, comparativamente à DC e DV, proporcionou maior profundidade de cripta do íleo. Houve vantagem econômica para as rações suplementadas com L-Valina e L-Glutamina + L-Ãcido Glutâmico, validando seu uso na dieta de leitões desmamados até os 46 dias de idade.
Structural-Statistical Properties of DNA Coding Regions
Authors: Кутыркин В.А. , Kutyrkin V.A.
Published: October 2015

Structural-statistical characteristics of the coding DNA sequences (CDSs) from human genome are investigated in the frame of spectral-statistical approach
(the 2S-approach). Properties of 3-regularity and latent profile periodicity are among of such the characteristics. Special meaning and intrinsic existence
of these properties are confirmed by researching the binary recoded CDSs. The only one kind of singular recoding, that identifies complementary nucleotides,
serves to persistence of the original CDSs characteristics. Usage of nonsingular binary recoding proves a statement that latent triplet periodicity
in the CDSs of human genome belongs to earlier unknown type called as profile periodicity.
Análise do dimensionamento de vigas de concreto armado sob flexão simples quanto a ductilidade
Authors: De Carvalho Filho Ronan Vieira
Published: October 2015

Este estudo apresenta os resultados do dimensionamento de vigas em concreto armado e a determinação do limite de armadura de flexão possível de acrescentar a uma viga sem que a mesma perca sua condição de ductilidade segundo NBR6118:2014. Desta forma foi possível avaliar condições de execução mal sucedida, onde, operários da construção civil podem alterar as condições de ductilidade de uma viga através do acréscimo de armadura sem avaliação prévia. No dimensionamento, foram avaliadas vigas com diferentes valores de fck, altura útil e momento característico. Através desta análise foi possível determinar a representatividade de cada fator na diferença entre a área de aço calculada e a área de aço limite (considerando o limite do domínio 3). Foi determinado como a variável mais importante a resistência do concreto, deixando clara a necessidade de análises técnicas rigorosas no controle de qualidade dos materiais envolvidos na execução da concretagem.
Avaliação das estruturas existentes no sítio de ampliação de uma unidade fabril através da aplicação combinada de ensaios não destrutivos e semidestrutivos
Authors: Lorenzi Alexandre , Fávero Rafael Burin , Reginato Lucas Alexandre , Chies Josué Argenta , Silva Filho Luiz Carlos Pinto
Published: October 2015

O concreto é um material amplamente utilizado para execução de elementos estruturais na construção civil. Em virtude disso, tem-se uma preocupação cada vez maior quanto ao conhecimento de seu estado de deterioração e segurança estrutural, o que estimula a busca por métodos que permitam avaliar estruturas acabadas e em uso de forma rápida, segura e confiável. Muitas das construções em concreto armado, que formam uma parcela vital da infraestrutura civil de diversos países, estão se aproximando do final de sua vida útil de projeto e a avaliação através de métodos de ensaios não destrutivos (END) e semidestrutivos torna-se uma estratégia de investigação bastante atraente e viável. Experiências acumuladas pelo Grupo de Pesquisa LEME, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, indicam que a aplicação de END, combinada a ensaios semidestrutivos, pode contribuir sobremaneira para a avaliação e o controle da deterioração e da qualidade de estruturas de concreto. O presente artigo apresenta um caso real do emprego de uma combinação destes ensaios na avaliação das estruturas de concreto armado que seriam utilizadas nas obras de ampliação de uma unidade fabril. Os resultados mostraram que os métodos utilizados foram eficazes para determinar a segurança estrutural dos elementos avaliados e liberá-los para o uso.
Protein Function Easily Investigated by Genomics Data Mining Using the ProteINSIDE Online Tool
Authors: Kaspric Nicolas , Reichstadt Matthieu , Picard Brigitte , Tournayre Jérémy , Bonnet Muriel
Published: October 2015

Nowadays, genomic and proteomic studies produce vast amounts of data. To get the biological meaning of these data and to generate testable new hypothesis, scientists must use several tools often not designed for ruminant studies. Here we present ProteINSIDE: an online tool to analyse lists of protein or gene identifiers from well-annotated species (human, rat, and mouse) and ruminants (cow, sheep, and goat). The aims of ProteINSIDE modules are to gather biological information stores in well-updated public databases, to proceed to annotations according to the Gene Ontology consortium, to predict potentially secreted proteins, and to search for proteins interactions. ProteINSIDE provides results from several software and databases in a single query. From a list of identifiers, ProteINSIDE uses orthologs or homologs to extend analyses and biological information retrieval. As a tutorial, we presented how to launch, to recover, to view, and to interpret the results provided by the two types of analysis available with ProteINSIDE (basic and custom analyses). ProteINSIDE is freely available using a simple internet browser at www.proteinside.org. The results of this article are provided on the home page of ProteINSIDE website as the example of an analysis results.
The Expanded p53 Interactome as a Predictive Model for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hussain Michelle , Tian Kun , Mutti Luciano , Krstic-Demonacos Marija , Schwartz Jean-Marc
Published: October 2015

The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is implicated in the majority of all human cancers, thus pivotal to genomic integrity. There are more than 72,000 scientific publications describing p53’s function, yet, due to the complexity of its interactions we are still far from fully elucidating p53’s role in tumorigenesis. Computational methodologies are novel tools to depict and dissect complex disease networks. The Boolean PKT206 p53 – DNA damage model has previously demonstrated good predictive capability for p53 wild-type and null tumors in various in silico knockouts. Here, we have expanded PKT206 to generate a more clinically robust representation of p53 dynamics. The new PMH260 model incorporates 260 nodes representing genes, with 980 interactions between them representing inhibitions and activations. Additional biological outputs, including angiogenesis, cell cycle arrest and DNA repair were also amalgamated into the model. Three in silico knockouts of highly connected nodes (p53, MDM2 and FGF2) were generated and logical steady state analysis and dependency relationships applied. 71 % of predictions were considered true from superimposition of human osteosarcoma and HCT116 microarray profiles. In silico knockout analysis revealed 98 potential novel predictions, of which 13 were validated by literature; 83 % of them were overlapping with PKT206. Thus the expanded Boolean PMH260 model offers a promising platform for clinical potential in targeted cancer therapeutics.
Principles of ChIP-seq Data Analysis Illustrated with Examples
Authors: Ambrosini Giovanna , Dreos René , Bucher Philipp
Published: October 2015

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by highthroughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a powerful method to determine how transcription factors and other chromatin-associated proteins interact with DNA in order to regulate gene transcription. A single ChIPseq experiment produces large amounts of highly reproducible data. The challenge is to extract knowledge from the data by thoughtful application of appropriate bioinformatics tools. Here we present a concise introduction into ChIP-seq data analysis in the form of a tutorial based on tools developed by our group. We expose biological questions, explain methods and provide guidelines for the interpretation of the results. While this article focuses on ChIP-seq, most of the algorithms and tools we present are applicable to other chromatin profiling assays based on next generation sequencing (NGS) technology as well.
Breeding, Genetics, and Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping for Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Cotton
Authors: Zhang Jinfa , Sanogo Soum , Ma Zhiying , Qu Yanying
Published: October 2015

Fusarium wilt (FW), caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV), with eight races recognized, is one of the most destructive diseases in cotton (Gossypium spp.). Employment of FW‐resistant cultivars has proven to be the most cost‐effective method to control the disease. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of research progress in breeding, genetics, and molecular mapping of FW resistance. A focused pedigree analysis in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) has identified five major FW‐resistant sources (‘Dillon’, ‘Dixie Triumph’, ‘Cook 307‐6’, ‘Coker Clevewilt’, and ‘Wild’) in the United States and three (‘Chuan 52‐128’, ‘Chuan 57‐681’, and ‘CRI 12’) in China. The use of numerous early segregating populations has consistently confirmed the predominant presence of additive gene effects on FW resistance; however, heritability is usually low because of high experimental error. Several mapping studies have detected approximately 40 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on 19 chromosomes. A number of qualitative genetic studies have identified five major resistance genes in Upland and Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton including Fw1, Fw2, FwR (chromosome 17), FOV1 (chromosome 16), and FOV4 (chromosome 14). There are other major resistance genes identified through marker or segregating analysis, but methods with high and uniform infection by FOV are required to confirm the results. More differential hosts should be developed to differentiate new races, and more resistance genes from new sources should be identified for their strategic deployment in preventing a possible risk of disease epidemic.
Isolation and Characterization of an Aeromonas punctata Bacteriophage
Authors: Kai Cheng , Denglan Zhang , Jingxuan Deng , Yijun Zhao
Published: October 2015

AnAeromonas punctatabacteriophage, named as DH1, was isolated from East Lake, Wuhan city, China. Morphologically, phage DH1 showed a typicalMyoviridaestructure consisting of an isometric head (50 nm in diameter) and a visible tail. The bacteriophage had a latent period of about 90 minutes and an average burst size of about 125 PFU•Cell-1. Restriction enzyme pattern of the bacteriophage’s genome showed that the genome is a double-stranded DNA and about 34kb in size. The sequenced genomic fragments showed highly similarities to gp04 and gp16 sequence of otherMyoviridaebacteriophages at protein level.
Liquid Fermentation of Ganoderma applanatum and Antioxidant Activity of Exopolysaccharides
Authors: Zhong-hua LIU , Xiao-ge HOU , Jin-hui Zhao , Le HE
Published: October 2015

The medium composition and fermentation conditions of Ganoderma applanatum(GA) strain were optimized by the liquid shake flask fermentation, and the antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides was investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions of the liquid fermentation of GA strain were as follows: Carbon source was corn powder, nitrogen source was soy powder, the initial pH was 6.0, the inoculum size was 8％, the fermentation temperature was 32oC, the fermentation time was 7 d. The exopolysaccharides of GA strain could scavenge hydroxyl radicals(HR) and superoxide anion radicals(SAR), and the concentration of exopolysaccharides was positively related to the antioxidant activity.
Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using Nano-Nose - A Review
Authors: Fernandes M. P. , Venkatesh S , Sudarshan B. G
Published: October 2015

Lung cancer is one of the malignancies causing deaths worldwide. The yet to be developed non-invasive diagnostic techniques, are a challenge for early detection of cancer before it progresses to its later stages. The currently available diagnostic methods are expensive or invasive, and are not fit for general screening purposes. Early identification not only helps in detecting primary cancer, but also in treating its secondaries; which creates a need for easily applicable tests to screen individuals at risk. A detailed review of the various screening methods, including the latest trend of breath analysis using gold nanoparticles, to identify cancer at its early stage, are studied here. The VOC based breath biomarkers are used to analyze the exhaled breath of the patients. These biomarkers are utilized by Chemiresistors coated with gold nanoparticles, which are found to be the most suited technique for early detection of lung cancer. This technique is highly accurate and is relatively easy to operate and was tested on smokers and non-smokers. This review also gives as an outline of the fabrication and working of the device Na-Nose. The Chemiresistors coated with Gold nanoparticles, show a great potential in being an non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic technique for early detection of lung cancer.
Radiocarpal and Midcarpal Instability in Rheumatoid Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raven Eric E.J. , van den Bekerom Michel P.J. , Beumer Annechien , van Dijk C. Niek
Published: October 2015

Background:

This study was aimed at identifying the criteria for the diagnosis of Radiocarpal instability in rheumatoid arthritis RA).

Methods:

The main databases were searched to identify studies describing the pathophysiology of Radiocarpal instability in patients with RA. We focussed on the epidemiology, radiographic parameters, criteria for instability and on treatment options. Results. In the search 108 articles were found, of these 12 studies were included for this review. Instability occurs in at an average of 35.2% of the rheumatoid wrists. The instability was found between 8 and 13 years after onset of rheumatoid arthritis. A strong correlation was found between instability, duration of RA and Larsen score. Several radiographic methods were described to evaluate Radiocarpal instability in RA. Several treatment options for instability in patients with RA are described. All with their own indications and limitations.

Conclusion:

OOn a standard AP radiograph deformity can be measured using the carpal height and the ulnar translation index of Chamay. This gives an indication for instability. For describing the deterioration of the joints the Larsen score is most used. If there are more radiographs in time the Simmen classification can be used. For real assessment of instability dynamic radiographs are needed.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Refractive and Visual Outcomes of Different Intraocular Lenses with Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery: The Expectation of Independence from Spectacles
Authors: Crispim Joao , Nose Ricardo , Yogi Milton , Nose Walton
Published: October 2015

Purpose:

To evaluate the visual performance of different types of intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes submitted to femtosecond laser (FSL) cataract surgery and to analyze whether this technology could result in spectacles independence.

Design:

Retrospective comparative case series.

Methods:

Consecutive eyes that were scheduled for FSL cataract surgery were included in this study. After one month postoperative, patients were divided into two groups: cases that required prescription for eyeglasses and cases that did not require prescription. In addition, the patients were analyzed according to the type of IOL that was implanted (monofocal, monofocal toric, multifocal and multifocal toric).

Results:

Thirty-five cataract surgeries were analyzed. Twenty-three eyes had a monofocal IOL implanted, and 12 had a multifocal IOL implanted. After 1 month, 12 cases required prescription (Group 1), and 23 did not require prescription (Group 2). The proportion of eyes that did not require corrective lenses was significantly greater (P = 0.02) in eyes that received multifocal IOL (91.67%) compared with those that received monofocal IOL (47.83%). Additionally, 100% of eyes that received multifocal toric IOL did not require eyeglasses at one month postoperatively.

Conclusion:

The FSL surgical precision associated with modern IOL technology may be an important factor related to vision satisfaction after cataract surgery.
Dynamics of a nonlinear discrete population model with jumps
Authors: Higgins R.J. , Kent C.M. , Kocic V.L. , Kostrov Y.
Published: October 2015

Our aim is to investigate the global asymptotic behavior, the existence of
invariant intervals, oscillatory behavior, structure of semicycles, and
periodicity of a nonlinear discrete population model of the form xn+1= F(xn);
for n = 0,1,...,where x0> 0; and the function F is a positive piecewise
continuous function with two jump discontinuities satisfying some additional
conditions. The motivation for study of this general model was inspired by
the classical Williamson's discontinuous population model, some recent
results about the dynamics of the discontinuous Beverton-Holt model, and
applications of discontinuous maps to the West Nile epidemic model. In the
first section we introduce the population model which is a focal point of
this paper. We provide background information including a summary of related
results, a comparison between characteristics of continuous and discontinuous
population models (with and without the Allee-type effect), and a
justification of hypotheses introduced in the model. In addition we review
some basic concepts and formulate known results which will be used later in
the paper. The second and third sections are dedicated to the study of the
dynamics and the qualitative analysis of solutions of the model in two
distinct cases. An example, illustrating the obtained results, together with
some computer experiments that provide deeper insight into the dynamics of
the model are presented in the fourth section. Finally, in the last section
we formulate three open problems and provide some concluding remarks.
Signal Analysis On Soil Stress From Vibrating Compaction Based On Wavelet Transform
Authors: Qing-Zhe Zhang , Bing Yan , Jing-Liang Dai , Bao-Gui Yang
Published: October 2015

The paper presented the wavelet transform method for d e-noising and singularity detection to soil compressive stress signal. The study results show that the reconstruction signals by the wavelet de-noising keeps the low frequency component at [0, 31.25Hz] of the original signal and improves the high frequency property at other frequency bands. The impaction time from the start time to resonance time of the stress signals is varies with the depth of the soil. With the increase of times of compaction, the impaction time of the stress is decreasing in every layer. But the speed of reaching compacted status in each layer is different.
Vibrations Caused By Train Passages In Underground Tunnel Compared To Vibrations From Ground Surface Transportation – Some Results Of Investigations
Authors: Stypuła Krzysztof
Published: October 2015

The paper describes experimental investigations of vibrations caused by train passages in the shallow underground tunnel (in Warsaw, Poland) in comparison to the results of measurements of vibrations from ground surface transportation (trams and buses). Propagation of surface ground vibrations from underground tunnel is presented. The problem of dynamic response of a building and influence of vibrations caused by underground on people residing in a building is discussed as well. The dynamic response of the building to underground vibrations is essentially different from the response of a building excited by surface sources of transport vibrations. Also the distribution of influence of the transport vibrations on people in the building is significantly different in both cases.
Numerical Modeling Of Diagonal Cracks In Concrete Beams
Authors: Słowik M. , Smarzewski P.
Published: October 2015

In the paper, the method of a numerical simulation concerning diagonal crack propagation in concrete beams was presented. Two beams reinforced longitudinally but without shear reinforcement were considered during the Finite Element Method analysis. In particular, a nonlinear method was used to simulate the crack evaluation in the beams. The analysis was performed using the commercial program ANSYS. In the numerical simulation, the limit surface for concrete described by Willam and Warnke was applied to model the failure of concrete. To solve the FEM-system of equations, the Newton-Raphson method was used. As the results of FEM calculations, the trajectories of total stains and numerical images of smeared cracks were obtained for two analyzed beams: the slender beam S5 of leff = 1.8 m and the short beam S3k of leff = 1.1 m. The applied method allowed to generate both flexural vertical cracks and diagonal cracks in the shear regions. Some differences in the evaluation of crack patterns in the beams were observed. The greater number of flexural vertical cracks which penetrated deeper in the beam S5 caused the lower stiffness and the greater deformation in the beam S5 compared to the short beam S3k. Numerical results were compared with the experimental data from the early tests performed by Słowik [3]. The numerical simulation yielded very similar results as the experiments and it confirmed that the character of failure process altered according to the effective length of the member. The proposed numerical procedure was successfully verified and it can be suitable for numerical analyses of diagonal crack propagation in concrete beams.
Finite Element Analysis Of Airfield Flexible Pavement
Authors: Leonardi G.
Published: October 2015

The paper presents a numerical study of an aircraft wheel impacting on a flexible landing surface. The proposed 3D model simulates the behaviour of flexible runway pavement during the landing phase. This model was implemented in a finite element code in order to investigate the impact of repeated cycles of loads on pavement response.

In the model, a multi-layer pavement structure was considered. In addition, the asphalt layer (HMA) was assumed to follow a viscoelastoplastic behaviour.

The results demonstrate the capability of the model in predicting the permanent deformation distribution in the asphalt layer.
Active Control Of Smart Tensegrity Structures
Authors: Al Sabouni-Zawadzka A.
Published: October 2015

The topic of smart structures, their active control and implementation, is relatively new. Therefore, different approaches to the problem can be met. The present paper discusses variable aspects of the active control of structures. It explains the idea of smart systems, introduces different terms used in smart technique and defines the structural smartness. The author indicates differences between actively controlled structures and structural health monitoring systems and shows an example of an actively controlled smart footbridge.

The analyses presented in the study concern tensegrity structures, which are prone to the structural control through self-stress state adjustment. The paper introduces examples of structural control performed on tensegrity modules and plates. An influence of several self-stress states on displacements is analyzed and a study concerning damage due to member loss is presented.
What Influences Patient-Therapist Interactions in Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy? Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis
Authors: O'Keeffe Mary , Cullinane Paul , Hurley John , Leahy Irene , Bunzli Samantha , O'Sullivan Peter B. , O'Sullivan Kieran
Published: October 2015

Background

Musculoskeletal physical therapy involves both specific and nonspecific effects. Nonspecific variables associated with the patient, therapist, and setting may influence clinical outcomes. Recent quantitative research has shown that nonspecific factors, including patient-therapist interactions, can influence treatment outcomes. It remains unclear, however, what factors influence patient-therapist interaction.

Purpose

This qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis investigated patients' and physical therapists' perceptions of factors that influence patient-therapist interactions.

Data Sources

Eleven databases were searched independently.

Study Selection

Qualitative studies examining physical therapists' and patients' perceptions of factors that influence patient-therapist interactions in musculoskeletal settings were included.

Data Extraction

Two reviewers independently selected articles, assessed methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), and performed the 3 stages of analysis: extraction of findings, grouping of findings (codes), and abstraction of findings.

Data Synthesis

Thirteen studies were included. Four themes were perceived to influence patient-therapist interactions: (1) physical therapist interpersonal and communication skills (ie, presence of skills such as listening, encouragement, confidence, being empathetic and friendly, and nonverbal communication), (2) physical therapist practical skills (ie, physical therapist expertise and level of training, although the ability to provide good education was considered as important only by patients), (3) individualized patient-centered care (ie, individualizing the treatment to the patient and taking patient's opinions into account), and (4) organizational and environmental factors (ie, time and flexibility with care and appointments).

Limitations

Only studies published in English were included.

Conclusions

A mix of interpersonal, clinical, and organizational factors are perceived to influence patient-therapist interactions, although research is needed to identify which of these factors actually influence patient-therapist interactions. Physical therapists' awareness of these factors could enhance patient interactions and treatment outcomes. Mechanisms to best enhance these factors in clinical practice warrant further study.
A Convenient Synthetic Route to Partial-Cone p-Carboxylatocalix[4]arenes
Authors: Fairbairn Robyn E. , Teat Simon J. , Gagnon Kevin J. , Dalgarno Scott J.
Published: October 2015

p-Carboxylatocalix[n]arenes have emerged as useful building blocks for the construction of a diverse range of supramolecular assemblies. A convenient route to a p-carboxylatocalix[4]arene that is locked in a partial-cone conformation is presented. The conformation
gives the molecule markedly different topological directionality relative to those previously used in self- and metal-directed assembly studies.
UV-visible Absorption Study of the Self-association of Non-ionic Chromonic Triphenylenes TP6EOnM (n = 2, 3, 4) in Dilute Aqueous Solutions: Impact of Chain Length on Aggregation
Authors: Herbaut Antoine , Baranoff Etienne
Published: October 2015

A series of triphenylenes with oligoethoxy chains of various length, TP6EOnM with n = 2, 3, 4, has been synthesised and purified by HPLC. The self-association of these disc-shaped molecules in dilute aqueous solutions (?10–7 to ?4 × 10–4
M) has been studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The free energy of association decreases as the length of the chains increases. As a result, for a given concentration, the average size of aggregate diminishes as the chain length increases. While the absorption properties of the
monomer are identical for the three molecules, the extinction coefficients of solutions of the three triphenylenes at a given concentration are significantly different and are directly linked to the average size of the aggregates. The change of epsilon values upon aggregation could explain
the trend generally observed with dyes for solar cells substituted with chains of increasing length showing increasing extinction coefficient values.
ISO 15189:2012 Accreditation and Certification: Are You Ready?
Authors: Bhatt Rajendra Dev , Shrestha Raj Kumar , Acharya Dhruba
Published: October 2015

“The quality of shoes reflects the status of man and standard of toilets reflect the status of family”: we mean to say- quality matters in day-to-day living. Despite less recognition and prioritization of clinical laboratory in former years, the recent advancement in modern medicine has compelled the health professionals to intensify its importance in diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and management of diseases. It is estimated that 70-80% of clinical decisions are based upon information derived from laboratory results. The simultaneous concern on quality of clinical diagnosis has been noted in developing country like Nepal. A huge investment in automation for the sake of quality services has also justified the fact that quality definitely matters. However, the enigma of quality service in clinical laboratory still exists in our health environment. Hence, we attempted to poke a part of the process of developing quality services in diagnostic fraternity.
Neurosurgical patients’ perceptions of the “surgeon+”: a qualitative study
Authors: Samuel Nardin , Shamji Mohammed F. , Bernstein Mark
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

Neurosurgical patients bear a varying degree of anxiety when confronted with having to undergo surgery or even visit with a neurosurgeon in consultation. Previous studies have suggested that patient perceptions can heavily influence the patient-physician encounter. Accordingly, a better understanding of these perceptions can marshal our knowledge regarding strategies for improving patient-physician interactions during such an apprehensive time. The aim of the present study was to qualitatively examine patient values and preferences for a neurosurgeon who participates in extraclinical activities (i.e., a “neurosurgeon+”) and understand the factors that influence these perceptions.

METHODS

Semistructured face-to-face interviews with 47 neurosurgical patients were conducted. Patients were recruited from the Toronto Western Hospital neurosurgery clinics for cranial and spinal conditions. Descriptive summary statistics were used to characterize the study participants. Family members were encouraged to contribute to the interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and subjected to thematic analysis by using open and axial coding.

RESULTS

Patients generally indicated that they want to feel confident in their neurosurgeon. A number of factors contribute to this confidence, including a strong positive referral from another physician. Patients are inclined to search for information pertaining to the qualifications of neurosurgeons online, and a perception of the neurosurgeon’s adeptness given his or her qualifications is important for patients. Although there were some differences in patient values between those in the cranial and spinal groups, overall, neurosurgical patients tend to positively view their neurosurgeon’s involvement in extraclinical duties.

CONCLUSIONS

This study details the first comprehensive clinical qualitative study of patient perceptions of neurosurgeons and provides a descriptive framework for understanding patient values in this clinical domain.
Anterior corpectomy via the mini-open, extreme lateral, transpsoas approach combined with short-segment posterior fixation for single-level traumatic lumbar burst fractures: analysis of health-related quality of life outcomes and patient satisfaction
Authors: Theologis Alexander A. , Tabaraee Ehsan , Toogood Paul , Kennedy Abbey , Birk Harjus , McClellan R. Trigg , Pekmezci Murat
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

The authors present clinical outcome data and satisfaction of patients who underwent minimally invasive vertebral body corpectomy and cage placement via a mini-open, extreme lateral, transpsoas approach and posterior short-segment instrumentation for lumbar burst fractures.

METHODS

Patients with unstable lumbar burst fractures who underwent corpectomy and anterior column reconstruction via a mini-open, extreme lateral, transpsoas approach with short-segment posterior fixation were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic information, operative parameters, perioperative radiographic measurements, and complications were analyzed. Patient-reported outcome instruments (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI], 12-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-12]) and an anterior scar-specific patient satisfaction questionnaire were recorded at the latest follow-up.

RESULTS

Twelve patients (7 men, 5 women, average age 42 years, range 22–68 years) met the inclusion criteria. Lumbar corpectomies with anterior column support were performed (L-1, n = 8; L-2, n = 2; L-3, n = 2) and supplemented with short-segment posterior instrumentation (4 open, 8 percutaneous). Four patients had preoperative neurological deficits, all of which improved after surgery. No new neurological complications were noted. The anterior incision on average was 6.4 cm (range 5–8 cm) in length, caused mild pain and disability, and was aesthetically acceptable to the large majority of patients. Three patients required chest tube placement for pleural violation, and 1 patient required reoperation for cage subsidence/hardware failure. Average clinical follow-up was 38 months (range 16–68 months), and average radiographic follow-up was 37 months (range 6–68 months). Preoperative lumbar lordosis and focal lordosis were significantly improved/maintained after surgery. Patients were satisfied with their outcomes, had minimal/moderate disability (average ODI score 20, range 0–52), and had good physical (SF-12 physical component score 41.7% ± 10.4%) and mental health outcomes (SF-12 mental component score 50.2% ± 11.6%) after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Anterior corpectomy and cage placement via a mini-open, extreme lateral, transpsoas approach supplemented by short-segment posterior instrumentation is a safe, effective alternative to conventional approaches in the treatment of single-level unstable burst fractures and is associated with excellent functional outcomes and patient satisfaction.
An unusual case of schwannomatosis with bilateral maxillary sinus schwannomas and a novel SMARCB1 gene mutation
Authors: Toms Jamie , Harrison Jason , Richard Hope , Childers Adrienne , Reiter Evan R. , Graham Robert S.
Published: October 2015

Schwannomas are benign tumors that arise from Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Patients with multiple schwannomas without signs and symptoms of neurofibromatosis Type 1 or 2 have the rare disease schwannomatosis. Tumors in these patients occur along peripheral nerves throughout the body. Mutations of the SMARCB1 gene have been described as one of the predisposing genetic factors in the development of this disease. This report describes a patient who was observed for 6 years after having undergone removal of 7 schwannomas, including bilateral maxillary sinus schwannomas, a tumor that has not been previously reported. Genetic analysis revealed a novel mutation of c.93G>A in exon 1 of the SMARCB1 gene.
Association of postoperative furosemide use with a reduced blood transfusion rate in sagittal craniosynostosis surgery
Authors: Harroud Adil , Weil Alexander G. , Turgeon Jean , Mercier Claude , Crevier Louis
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

A major challenge in sagittal craniosynostosis surgery is the high transfusion rate (50%–100%) related to blood loss in small pediatric patients. Several approaches have been proposed to prevent packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion, including endoscopic surgery, erythropoietin ortranexamic acid administration, and preoperative hemodilution. The authors hypothesized that a significant proportion of postoperative anemia observed in pediatric patients is actually dilutional. Consequently, since 2005, at CHU Sainte-Justine, furosemide has been administered to correct the volemic status and prevent PRBC transfusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of postoperative furosemide administration on PRBC transfusion rates.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study of 96 consecutive patients with sagittal synostosis who underwent surgery at CHU Sainte-Justine between January 2000 and May 2012. The mean age at surgery was 4.9 ± 1.5 months (range 2.8–8.7 months). Patients who had surgery before 2005 constituted the control group. Those who had surgery in 2005 or 2006 were considered part of an implementation phase because furosemide administration was not routine. Patients who had surgery after 2006 were part of the experimental (or furosemide) group. Transfusion rates among the 3 groups were compared. The impact of furosemide administration on transfusion requirement was also measured while accounting for other variables of interest in a multiple logistic regression model.

RESULTS

The total transfusion rate was significantly reduced in the furosemide group compared with the control group (31.3% vs 62.5%, respectively; p = 0.009), mirroring the decrease in the postoperative transfusion rate between the groups (18.3% vs 50.0%, respectively; p = 0.003). The postoperative transfusion threshold remained similar throughout the study (mean hemoglobin 56.0 g/dl vs 60.9 g/dl for control and furosemide groups, respectively; p = 0.085). The proportion of nontransfused patients with recorded hemoglobin below 70 g/dl did not differ between the control and furosemide groups (41.7% vs 28.6%, respectively; p = 0.489). Surgical procedure, preoperative hemoglobin level, estimated blood loss, and furosemide administration significantly affected the risk of receiving a postoperative PRBC transfusion. When these variables were analyzed in a multiple logistic regression model, furosemide administration remained strongly associated with a reduced risk of being exposed to a blood transfusion (OR 0.196, p = 0.005). There were no complications related to furosemide administration.

CONCLUSIONS

A significant part of the postoperative anemia observed in patients who underwent sagittal craniosynostosis surgery was due to hypervolemic hemodilution. Correction of the volemic status with furosemide administration significantly reduces postoperative PRBC transfusion requirements in these patients.
An Efficient TiCl4-Catalysed Method for the Synthesis of Para-Substituted Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Zhou Chenfeng , Su Weike
Published: October 2015

An efficient and highly selective synthesis of para-substituted aromatic aldehydes has been achieved by TiCl4-catalysed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of monosubstituted benzenes with methacrolein diacetyl acetal.
Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity, Structure–Activity Relationship and Density Functional Theory Studies of Novel Oxime Ether Derivatives Containing 1-Aryl-3-Oxypyrazoles
Authors: Lv Kunzhi , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Yi , Xu Guanghui , Pan Xuechun , Li Fangshi , Chen Kai , Huang Bin , Yang Yaping
Published: October 2015

A series of 16 oxime ether derivatives containing 1-aryl-3-oxypyrazoles were synthesised, and the structure of one of them, (E)-methyl 2-(2-({(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-oxy}methyl)phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetate was determined by X-ray diffraction crystallography. Preliminary bioassays indicated that some of these compounds exhibited very good fungicidal activities against Rhizoctonia solani, especially the ester 2-(2-({(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-oxy}methyl)phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetate, which displayed greater activity than control compound pyraclostrobin at a dosage of 0.1 μg mL-1. The relationship between structure and fungicidal activity was discussed. Density functional theory studies of the 3-methyl heterocyclic ester and the 4-chorophenyl heterocyclic N-methylamide were carried out and the results discussed in terms of the wide difference in fungicidal activity shown by each compound.
A Highly Selective Fluorescent Sensor for Al3+ based on an Aza-18-Crown-6 Derivative
Authors: Jingjing Song , Yang Hu , Fang Zhao , Shengli Hu
Published: October 2015

A new fluorescent sensor derived from 2,5-diphenyl-furan and aza-18-crown-6 has been synthesised. It can selectively bind Al3+ in aqeuous ethanol solution with fluorescence enhancement.
Total Synthesis of Cannabisin B
Authors: Xia Yamu , Zhang Huaizheng , Li Chenchen , Dong Gaochao , Liu Zhen
Published: October 2015

Cannabisin B, a naturally occurring lignanamide, has been synthesised for the first time in 15% overall yield. The convergent synthesis is based on the Stobbe reaction and Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction as the C–C bond-forming steps to afford the skeleton of the lignanamide which was then condensed with 4-methoxyphenethylamine to obtain Cannabisin B.
Synthesis of Some Derivatives of Pyrimido[5,4-e]Tetrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine; a Novel Heterocyclic System
Authors: Noorolahian Negin , Shiri Ali
Published: October 2015

Several new derivatives of pyrimido[5,4-e]tetrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine have been synthesised through the reaction of 5-hydrazinyl-1H-tetrazole with 5-bromo-2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine in CHCl3 solution at ambient conditions. Further treatment of the synthesised compound with secondary amines gave the corresponding substituted heterocycles which were subsequently cyclised into pyrimido[5,4-e] tetrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines as derivatives of a novel heterocyclic system on treatment with NaNH2 in CH3CN.