bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Heavy Metals Presence in Selected Dumpsites within Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olla Noah Olugbemiga , Bello Wasiu Babatunde , Ogunjinmi Samson Oguntola , Fawole Tolulope Olaoluwa , Oyaniyi Tolu Onaolapo , Amusat Dasola Islamiyat
Published: May 2024

This study was carried out to evaluate the level of Cd, Pb, and Cr in some selected dumpsites within Igboora, Ibarapa Central Local Government of Oyo State. Soil samples were collected from Abattoir, Oja Igboora, Oja Oba, New Abattoir and Towobowo dumpsites. The control samples were collected at 20m away from each of the dumpsites. The samples were collected at two different sampling depths- 0-20cm and 20-40cm. The samples were replicated three times. All the data collected were analyzed using Genstat Statistical Package and means separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results obtained revealed that the highest amount of Pb, Cd, Cr (232.99 mg kg-1, 28.53 mg kg-1 and 53.67 mg kg-1), respectively were recorded at Abattoir dumpsite. The quantity of lead in the selected dumpsites increased with the sampling depth. However, Cd and Cr values reduced with the sampling depth. All the values observed were significant at 5% level of probability. The value of Pb and Cd, recorded in all the dumpsites including the control sites were above the maximum limit recommended by WHO. Attention should therefore be paid to the presence of heavy metals in this area as crops grown in soils around these dumpsites could accumulate the metals and eventually get to food chain when such crops are consumed. Similarly, the fact that they were detected both at the upper layer and sub-soil means they could contaminate the ground water around this area.
Design and Implementation of Voice over Wireless Local Area Network
Authors: Ayorinde Akindemowo Olayiwola
Published: May 2024

Aims: The main aim is to design and implement voice over wireless local area network.
Study Design:  Building of network system using cabled and wireless media.
Place and Duration of Study: College of Physical Science (COLPHYS) of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, between March 2014 and July 2014.
Methodology: The techniques of the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) and Prototyping were adopted in this project.
Results: IP was observed to be ubiquitous and cost-effective and thus the school at large under which college of physical science exists can deploy new voice/data services which removes the need to manage separate voice and data networks in all the colleges. Also, the school can reap the benefits of a standard, highly flexible network, giving competitive market to equipment vendors, and encompassing a wide range of equipment for different market niches.
Conclusion: Utilization of cheaper IP-based backbone equipment to carry voice data can be conducted. While this work had demonstrated the feasibility of leveraging on the affordances of IP-enabled telephones and developing a VOIP-based campus-wide telephony, it can be used as a prototype for the full implementation in all departments, colleges and the university at large.
Exploring Millet Grains: Nutritional Benefits, Processing Advancements, and Future Directions for Food Security and Health Improvement
Authors: Kanojia Seema , Gomadhi G. , Kamalasundari S. , Malathi G. , Krishnaveni S. Anandha , Ramasamy M. , Dhanalakshmi K. , Chitra K. , Debnath Abhijit
Published: May 2024

Millet grains have gained recognition as nutritious, climate-resilient crops with the potential to contribute to food security and public health. This review explores the nutritional benefits, processing advancements, and future prospects of millet grains. Millets are rich sources of dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them suitable for gluten-free diets and beneficial for managing chronic diseases. Recent advancements in processing technologies have led to the development of a variety of millet-based products that retain nutritional integrity while enhancing sensory attributes. These innovations offer convenient and nutritious alternatives to traditional grain-based foods. Looking ahead, millets hold promise for sustainable agriculture and improved human health, especially in regions facing food insecurity and malnutrition. Government support and consumer awareness are crucial for realizing the full potential of millet grains in addressing global challenges.
Effect of Mineral Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Black Sesame [Sesamum radiatum (L.)]
Authors: Vaishnav M. D. , Surve V. H. , Patel J. N. , Bambhaneeya S. M. , Sindha P. M.
Published: May 2024

A field study aimed to evolve efficient nutrient management for improving yield and quality of sesamum was conducted during pre-rabi season of 2022. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design replicated thrice with twelve treatments. Treatments consisting of two levels of nitrogen (25 and 50 kg/ha), two levels of phosphorus (12.5 and 25 kg/ha) and three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 30 kg/ha). Seed and stover yield as well as total nutrient uptake were recorded significantly higher with the application of 50 kg/ha N, 25 kg/ha P and 30 kg/ha S. The application of 50 N and 30 kg S was recorded significantly higher oil content and oil yield over the rest of the nitrogen and sulphur levels. N content in seed (3.13%) and stover (1.226%) were found significantly influenced by 50 kg/ha N. Phosphorus @ 25 kg/ha was recorded significantly higher P content in seed (0.493 %) and stover (0.392%).S content in seed (0.325%) and stover (0.171%) were found significantly influenced by 50 kg/ha S. Significantly higher available nitrogen (281.22 kg/ha) was found under application of nitrogen @ 50 kg/ha. Significantly the higher residual phosphorus (28.81 kg/ha) was obtained with the application of 25 kg P/ha. Significantly the higher residual sulphur (7.63 mg/kg) was obtained with the application of 30 kg S/ha.
Prevalence of Uropathogens and Associated Risk Factors in Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Teaching Hospital in Awka, Nigeria
Authors: U.G Nwankwo, , C.U Ezebialu, , J.O Ezeadila, , Ikechukwu Okoli
Published: May 2024

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the very serious common problems encountered in pregnancy, and it is associated with severe maternal and fetal risks which include maternal chorioamnionitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, preterm birth, low birth weight, and increased perinatal mortality if untreated. The prevalence of UTI varies worldwide. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of uropathogens and associated risk factors in UTI in pregnant women in Awka, Nigeria. This was a cross sectional study that involved 269 pregnant women. Clean-catch mid-stream morning urine specimens were collected and examined macroscopically, microscopically and bacteriologically. Information on Socio-demographic characteristics and some clinical factors were collected using pre-designed questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22 and the p-value was set at P=0.05. A total of 118 isolates were obtained and the prevalence of UTI in the study population was 39.8%. The most predominant bacterium was Enterococcus faecalis 34(29%), followed by Escherichia coli 21(17.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 15(12.7%), Staphylococcus aureus 10(8.4%), Staphyloccocus saprophyticus 7(6.0%), Enterobacter cloacae 6(5.1%), and Staphyloccocus epidermidis 4(3.4%). Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis occurred at frequency of 3(2.5%) each while Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Morganella morganii occurred at 2(1.7%) each. Candida species were also isolated, including Candida albicans 4(3.4%), Candida krusei 3(2.5%) and Candida guilliermondii 1(0.8%). None of the socio-demographic variables were statistically associated with UTI. Teachings on personal hygiene during every antenatal visit can help prevent UTI in pregnant women.
Effect of Customer Relationship Management on Customer Behaviors with the Mediating Role of Customer Value Creation in the Insurance Industry: A Case Study of Karafarin Insurance
Authors: Feyzi Sanaz
Published: May 2024

The service industry is highly competitive. In order to provide value-added services, many companies rely on customers as powerful tools for solidifying company performance through discourse, participation, and social presence. In this Research, the main purpose was to study the effect of Customer Relationship Management on customer behaviors with the mediating role of customer value creation in the insurance industry (Case Study: Karafarin Insurance). The research method employed in this study was a descriptive-survey, and the statistical population consisted of 800 employees from branches of Karafarin Insurance. A sample of 260 individuals was selected as the statistical sample using the simple random sampling method, with appropriate allocation determined by referring to the Morgan Table. For data collection, the Customer Relationship Management questionnaire by Sin et al. [1], the Customer Value Creation questionnaire by Kalra & Kalra (2010), and the Consumer Behavior questionnaire by Lerman (2006) were employed. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and utilizing the SPSS and PLS softwires. The analysis showed that Customer Relationship Management and its components (focusing on key customers, organizational Customer Relationship Management, knowledge management, technology-based Customer Relationship Management) have an effect on customer behaviors and customer value creation. The Findings demonstrate that customer value creation have effect on customer behaviors. The Sobel test results also indicate that customer value creation plays a mediating role between Customer Relationship Management and customer behaviors.
Integration of Seismic and Well Log Data for Reservoir Characterization in Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Akinlabi Ismaila Abiodun , Abiodun Ayomide Oluwaseun
Published: May 2024

The demand for fossil fuels is continually increasing due to the growing global population and industrialization. It is thus necessary to find hydrocarbon prospects in new fields and those that have previously been classified as marginal fields in order to maximize production. An integrated approach is required to effectively characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs and assess their ability to store and produce hydrocarbons. 3D seismic reflection data and well log data were combined to quantitatively estimate hydrocarbon reserves in a field, offshore Niger delta, Nigeria. The reservoirs were delineated on the gamma ray and resistivity logs which penetrate four wells selected from the field. The petrophysical analysis provided information about the net-to-gross thickness ratio, porosity, shale volume and water saturation of the reservoirs, deduced from well log suites comprising gamma, resistivity, density and neutron-porosity logs through four wells. The seismic interpretation involved mapping of horizons and faults across the wells on the seismic section. Check shot data were used to tie the seismic data to the well log data to generate the synthetic seismogram. The time structural and depth structural maps were generated. The volumetric analysis entailed derivation of the Gross rock volume from the depth structural map, and estimation of the Stock Tank Oil Initially In Place (STOIIP). Four reservoirs were delineated in each of the four wells. The average thickness of the reservoirs ranges from 56.6 m to 232.7 m while the water saturation varies from 0.29% to 0.57%. The average porosities of the reservoirs ranges from 0.18% to 0.22%. The structural interpretation of the eight faults mapped reveals synthetic and antithetic faults, and rollover anticlines. The time- and depth structural maps generated from the mapped horizons show that the reservoirs are penetrated by the different faults. The Stock Tank Oil Initially In Place (STOIIP) of the reservoirs range from 25 MMstb to 468 MMstb. The study shows that the integration of 3D reflection data and well log data can be used effectively to estimate hydrocarbon reserves. The results of the study are expected to contribute to the development of new exploration and production strategies in the Niger delta basin and similar sedimentary environments.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR DALAM MEMBENTUK HARGA PROPERTI DI SURABAYA
Authors: Halim Kevin Christopher , Rahardjo Jani , Utomo Christiono
Published: May 2024

Perkembangan sebuah kawasan berbanding lurus dengan pertambahan penduduknya. Perlunya perumahan yang dapat menjadi tempat tinggal bagi penduduk sehingga kawasan tersebut tetap terjaga ekosistemnya dan menjadi lebih berkembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dari kategori variabel perencanaan lingkungan, lokasi, dan atribut fisik struktural dalam membentuk harga properti di Surabaya. Data penelitian ini akan didapatkan dari penyebaran kuesioner yang dilakukan pada masyarakat di atas 21 tahun di Kota Surabaya kemudian dilakukan analisa data melalui aplikasi SPSS. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan tidak memiliki signifikansi, sedangkan lokasi dan struktural berpengaruh signifikan dalam membentuk harga properti di Surabaya.
The Effect of Engineering Design-Based Mathematics Activities on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students and Student Views on These Activities
Authors: Dertli Zeynep Gül , Yıldız Bahadır
Published: May 2024

Fen, teknoloji, mühendislik ve matematik (STEM) disiplinlerinin bütünleştirilmesine yönelik girişimler hem ulusal hem de uluslararası alanyazında önemini artırmaktadır. Mühendislik doğası gereği diğer alanlar arasında köprü oluşturan ve soyut kavramlar için gerçek dünya bağlamı sağlayabilen bir disiplin olması sebebiyle STEM disiplinlerinin bütünleştirilmesinde sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul matematik dersine yönelik tasarlanmış mühendislik tasarım etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına etkisi ile öğrencilerin etkinliklere ilişkin görüşlerini incelemektir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde, yedinci sınıf Oran ve Orantı konusunu kapsayan üç adet mühendislik tasarım etkinliği oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma ön test- son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 21 deney ve 17 kontrol olmak üzere, toplam 38 yedinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, mühendislik tasarım temelli matematik etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin Oran ve Orantı konusundaki başarılarını anlamlı şekilde artırdığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin etkinliklere ilişkin görüşlerinin genel anlamda olumlu yönde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğrenciler mühendislik tasarım temelli matematik etkinliklerinin ilgi çekici, eğlenceli, gerçekçi, merak uyandırıcı, öğrenmeyi kolaylaştırıcı, yaratıcılığı geliştirici olduğunu ve yalnızca işlem yapma odaklı olmadığını ifade etmişlerdir.
Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulu İngilizce Programının COVID-19 Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinde Geliştirilmesine İlişkin Bir İhtiyaç Analizi: Okuma Becerileri
Authors: Tok Şükran , Dolapçıoğlu Sevda , Kulaksız Emel
Published: May 2024

Covid-19'un ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte dil öğretimi de dahil olmak üzere eğitimin pek çok alanında uzaktan eğitim uygulaması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Ancak online eğitimde öğrenci ve eğitmen ihtiyaçları yüz yüze eğitime göre farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, uzaktan eğitimde okuma becerisine yönelik dil öğrenen ve öğretenlerin ihtiyaçlarını belirleyerek okuduğunu anlama ve program geliştirmeyi kolaylaştırıcı çıkarımlar ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla 13 öğrenci ve 4 öğretim elemanı ile görüşme yapılarak yürütülen bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve online ders kayıtları aracılığıyla toplanmış ve veri tutarlılığı NVIVO-12 içerik analizi ile kontrol edilmiştir. Bulgular, öğrencilerin ilgi alanlarına giren metinleri daha iyi anlayabildiklerini, kelime bilgisinin detayları anlama ve ana fikir bulmayı doğrudan etkilediğini, uzaktan eğitimde öğrenme ortamı veya motivasyon eksikliği gibi sorunların yaşanabileceğini ve bilinmeyen kelime ve ana fikri bulma stratejilerinin sınırlı olduğunu veya stratejik olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu bağlamda öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitimde okuma becerisi derslerinde kullandıkları stratejilerin geliştirilmesi gerektiği belirtilebilir.
A stacked neural network approach for yield prediction of propylene polymerization
Authors: Monemian Seyed Ali , Shahsavan Hamed , Bolouri Oberon , Taranejoo Shahrouz , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Torabi‐Angaji Mahmood
Published: December 2009

Prediction of reaction yield as the most important characteristic process of a slurry polymerization industrial process of propylene has been carried out. Stacked neural network as an effective method for modeling of inherently complex and nonlinear systems–especially a system with a limited number of experimental data points–was chosen for yield prediction. Also, effect of operational parameters on propylene polymerization yield was modeled by the use of this method. The catalyst system was Mg(OEt)2/DIBP/TiCl4/PTES/AlEt3, where Mg(OEt)2, DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate), TiCl4, PTES (phenyl triethoxy silane), and triethyl aluminum (AlEt3) (TEAl) were employed as support, internal electron donor (ID), catalyst precursor, external electron donor (ED), and co‐catalyst, respectively. The experimental results confirmed the validity of the proposed model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of polymerically‐modified clay structure on morphology and properties of UV‐cured EA/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Dan , Zang Yangling , Su Shengpei
Published: December 2009

Bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate (EA)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by UV‐curing from a series of styrene based polymerically‐modified clays and EA resin. Effects of the chemical structure of the polymeric surfactants on the morphology and tensile properties of nanocomposites have been explored. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy experimental results indicated that surfactants having hydroxyl or amino group show better dispersion and some of the clay platelets were fully exfoliated. However, the composites formed from pristine clay and other polymerically‐modified clays without hydroxyl or amino groups typically contained both intercalated tactoids and few collapsed clay particles with, if any, exfoliated platelets. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of composites were greatly improved, where the organoclays dispersed well. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter were carried out to examine the thermal properties of the composites. The results showed that the loading of polymerically‐modified clays enhanced the thermal stability of EA/clay composites, and depressed the Tg of composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Oral voriconazole for invasive fungal skull base infection
Authors: Parsonage M J , Stafford N D , Lillie P , Moss P J , Barlow G , Thaker H
Published: December 2009

Background:

Intravenous amphotericin or intravenous voriconazole, both followed by oral voriconazole, have previously been given to treat invasive aspergillosis of the skull base.

Case report:

Exclusively oral voriconazole was used in an immunocompetent patient with biopsy-proven, invasive aspergillosis. She had a large, erosive lesion extending from the central skull base to the right orbit and ethmoid sinus, and displacing the right internal carotid artery. After four months of oral treatment as an out-patient, a repeated computed tomography scan showed a fully treated infection with post-infectious changes only, and treatment was terminated. Two years later, there had been no recurrence.

Conclusion:

Substantial cost savings were made by using exclusively oral treatment, compared with the use of intravenous voriconazole or amphotericin, or a switch strategy.
Rhetoric as Argument: Social Justice and Affirmative Action in India, 1990
Authors: BAJPAI ROCHANA
Published: December 2009

Social justice is a key concept in the theory and practice of affirmative action. In India, social justice has come to serve as shorthand for affirmative action for disadvantaged groups, mainly lower castes. This paper provides a detailed analytical interpretation of social justice in a landmark legislative debate on quotas in India, namely the 1990 Mandal debate. It unpacks political rhetoric to reveal distinct conceptions of social justice, shows that claims for quotas for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in the bureaucracy drew substantially on principles of social justice and democracy and argues that, despite appearances, several arguments for OBC representation in government jobs were compatible with the principle of merit. In doing so, the paper demonstrates that contrary to common opinion, political rhetoric deserves close attention. A reconstruction of political arguments over affirmative action advances understanding of some puzzling features of lower-caste politics in India. It also illuminates important questions in political theory debates on social justice.
WITHDRAWN: β-arrestin 1 contributes to primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Deng Anmei , Yao Dingkang , Chen Sunxiao , Liu Chang , Kang Jiuhong , Zhou Ye , Yu Hongyu , Qian Cheng , Wu Chuanyong , Jiang Tingwang , Zhong Renqian , Pei Gang
Published: December 2009

This Accepted Manuscript, published online on 21 December 2009, was withdrawn by the publisher on 12 February 2010.
Effects of Masking Noise on Laryngeal Resistance for Breathy, Normal, and Pressed Voice
Authors: Grillo Elizabeth U. , Verdolini Abbott Katherine , Lee Timothy D.
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of masking noise on laryngeal resistance for breathy, normal, and pressed voice in vocally trained women.

Method

Eighteen vocally trained women produced breathy, normal, and pressed voice across 7 fundamental frequencies during a repeated CV utterance of /pi/ under normal and masked auditory feedback. Dependent variables were mean and standard deviation of laryngeal resistance (LR; cmH
2
O/l/s).

Results

LR values for breathy and normal voice remained constant across normal and masked auditory feedback, whereas LR values for pressed voice increased significantly from normal to masked auditory feedback.

Conclusions

The results suggest that both voice pattern and feedback condition influenced the stability of the LR data. Specifically, the pressed voice pattern may be more susceptible to auditory feedback influence because it was less stable than the breathy and the normal voice patterns. Future investigation should continue to explore the relevance of auditory feedback for theoretical and clinical issues surrounding voice.
Corrigendum to: A catch-all leguminous tree: Erythrina velutina visited and pollinated by vertebrates at an oceanic island
Authors: Sazima Ivan , Sazima Cristina , Sazima Marlies
Published: December 2009

Species of the pantropical genus Erythrina (Fabaceae) are visited by perching and/or hovering birds in the mainland. At the oceanic island of Fernando de Noronha, north-eastern Brazil, we found that Erythrina velutina Willd. blooms during the dry season and the flowers are visited by a small vertebrate assemblage. Flowers last 2 days and their stigmas remain receptive, although only first-day flowers produce nectar. Nectar is dilute and produced copiously. All terrestrial native vertebrates (three of them endemics), the dove Zenaida auriculata noronha, the perching birds Vireo gracilirostris and Elaenia ridleyana, and the lizard Euprepis atlanticus are regular visitors and pollinators. The features of E. velutina conform to those of passerine-pollinated species within the genus. Its nectar is a resource sought by the vertebrates, which visit the inflorescences from dawn to sunset. Since none of the visitors depends on nectar as a major food source, the flowers are likely to serve a dual purpose, i.e. water balance and energy intake, similarly to the findings for some Erythrina species in Neotropic and Palaeotropic mainlands. However, E. velutina is the only species within the genus that is visited and pollinated by doves and lizards.
Long-term changes in understorey vegetation in the absence of wildfire in south-east dry sclerophyll forests
Authors: Penman Trent D. , Binns D. L. , Brassil T. E. , Shiels R. J. , Allen Ruth M.
Published: December 2009

Wildfire has shaped historic and contemporary vegetation assemblages in Australia. Ecological research has generally focussed on the effects of frequent fire on plant assemblages, with less attention given to the changes that occur in the absence of wildfire. Here we examine changes in understorey assemblages in dry sclerophyll forest catchments where wildfires have not occurred since 1973 and 1979 to determine if the initial floristics model applies. Understorey species (<2 m height) richness peaked approximately 5 years after fire with an average of 22.7 ± 0.4 (s.e.) species per 10 m2. These values declined throughout the study period resulting in an average of 13.4 ± 0.5 (s.e.) species per 10 m2 33 years after fire. Similarly, significant shifts in the understorey community composition were seen with increasing time since wildfire. These changes were attributed to a decrease in 40 species (24 resprouters, 16 obligate seeders) and an increase in 11 species (10 resprouters, 1 obligate seeder). Large shrub species richness (>2 m height) and stem density increased steadily until 10–15 years post-wildfire at which point they remained stable at ~3.2 species per 100 m2. In the absence of wildfire, these forests undergo significant changes in understorey/large shrub communities consistent with the initial floristics model.
Saxipoa and Sylvipoa - two new genera and a new classification for Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae)
Authors: Soreng Robert J. , Gillespie Lynn J. , Jacobs Surrey W. L.
Published: December 2009

Two species are removed from the genus Poa in Australia on the basis of morphology and DNA and placed in new genera. One is placed in Saxipoa Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs – type: S. saxicola (R.Br.) Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs; and one is placed in Sylvipoa Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs – type: S. queenslandica (C.E.Hubb.) Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs. An infrageneric classification of Poa is proposed that places all 41 indigenous Australian species in P. subg. Poa supersect. Homalopoa sect. Brizoides. Thirty-three of these species, plus six species of New Zealand Poa, are placed in a new P. subsect. Australopoa Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs. Two species are placed in P. subsect. Austrofestuca (Tzvelev) Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs, one in P. subsect. Brizoides (Pilg. ex Potztal) Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs, and one in P. subsect. Neuropoa (Clayton) Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs.
Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae), including molecular evidence for two new genera, Saxipoa and Sylvipoa
Authors: Gillespie Lynn J. , Soreng Robert J. , Jacobs Surrey W. L.
Published: December 2009

Phylogenetic relationships among Australian species of Poa and other subtribe Poinae genera were studied on the basis of plastid trnT–trnL–trnF and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS DNA sequence data. Molecular evidence is provided for two new monotypic endemic Australian genera, Sylvipoa and Saxipoa, on the basis of two species formerly included in Poa, P. queenslandica and P. saxicola, respectively. Both new genera resolved in a clade with three subtribe Poinae genera, the Australian genus Hookerochloa, the South American genus Nicoraepoa, and the arctic genus Arctagrostis. Sylvipoa and Nicoraepoa are sister taxa. Saxipoa resolved as sister to these plus Arctagrostis, but also shares DNA sequence characters with Hookerochloa, suggesting a possible hybrid origin. All other Australian Poa species studied resolved in a subclade within the P. subgenus Poa supersection Homalopoa clade, supporting their classification together in an expanded P. section Brizoides. Five New Zealand and one New Guinea species also resolved in this subclade, supporting their membership in this section. We postulate a minimum of two dispersal events into Australia, one for Poa and one for other Poinae genera, and a minimum of three into New Zealand and two into New Guinea for Poa.
Additions to the myxomycetes known from New Zealand, including a new species of Diderma
Authors: Stephenson Steven L. , Novozhilov Yuri K. , Shirley Clive , Mitchell David W.
Published: December 2009

Specimens of myxomycetes obtained as field collections or from moist-chamber cultures during surveys for these organisms carried out at several localities in New Zealand have yielded eight species not included in the monograph of the group published in 2003. One other species, listed provisionally as Diderma cf. miniatum on the basis of a single, rather limited collection, but now known from several additional collections, is described herein as Diderma novae-zelandiae. These new records bring the number of myxomycetes reported from New Zealand to 196 species.
Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Pycnandra (Sapotaceae), a genus endemic to New Caledonia
Authors: Swenson Ulf , Munzinger Jérôme
Published: December 2009

Pycnandra Benth. is a member of the pantropical family Sapotaceae (Chrysophylloideae) and the Niemeyera complex, a group that is found in Australia and New Caledonia. Generic limits in the complex have been problematic and Pycnandra is here given a circumscription to include the entire clade that is restricted to New Caledonia. Several lineages are therefore relegated to the subgeneric level that will subsequently be revised. In a first step, we revise P. subgenus Pycnandra with 12 recognised species, of which seven (P. atrofusca, P. cylindricarpa, P. glaberrima, P. linearifolia, P. longipetiolata, P. paucinervia and P. viridiflora) are described as new. Subgenus Pycnandra is endemic to Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. The members grow in a wide range of habitats from dry maquis vegetation to moist humid forest, from sea level to the higher massif, and on ultramafic soils to schist and greywacke. Diagnostic characters for Pycnandra include absence of staminodes, a single-seeded fruit, plano-convex cotyledons and lack of endosperm. A glabrous ovary is a useful character distinguishing P. subgenus Pycnandra from the congeners, although there are two exceptions. P. viridiflora is included in the subgenus even though it has a pubescent ovary and Ochrothallus wagapensis is excluded despite a glabrous ovary. Because of past and present mining and logging activities in New Caledonia, conservation assessments are urgently needed. Preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are here provided for all members of the subgenus Pycnandra. Three species (P. longipetiolata, P. paniensis and P. paucinervia) are proposed the IUCN status Endangered and another (P. viridiflora) is proposed to be Critically Endangered.
The synaptonemal complex protein, Zip1, promotes the segregation of nonexchange chromosomes at meiosis I
Authors: Newnham Louise , Jordan Philip , Rockmill Beth , Roeder G. Shirleen , Hoffmann Eva
Published: December 2009

Crossing over establishes connections between homologous chromosomes that promote their proper segregation at the first meiotic division. However, there exists a backup system to ensure the correct segregation of those chromosome pairs that fail to cross over. We have found that, in budding yeast, a mutation eliminating the synaptonemal complex protein, Zip1, increases the meiosis I nondisjunction rate of nonexchange chromosomes (NECs). The centromeres of NECs become tethered during meiotic prophase, and this tethering is disrupted by the
zip1
mutation. Furthermore, the Zip1 protein often colocalizes to the centromeres of the tethered chromosomes, suggesting that Zip1 plays a direct role in holding NECs together. Zip3, a protein involved in the initiation of synaptonemal complex formation, is also important for NEC segregation. In the absence of Zip3, both the tethering of NECs and the localization of Zip1 to centromeres are impaired. A mutation in the
MAD3
gene, which encodes a component of the spindle checkpoint, also increases the nondisjunction of NECs. Together, the
zip1
and
mad3
mutations have an additive effect, suggesting that these proteins act in parallel pathways to promote NEC segregation. We propose that Mad3 promotes the segregation of NECs that are not tethered by Zip1 at their centromeres.
Patient computer use to prompt doctor adherence to diabetes management guidelines
Authors: Haller Nairmeen A. , Gil Karen M. , Gardner William G. , Whittier Frederick C.
Published: December 2009

Rationale, Aims and Objectives  Doctor compliance with diabetic care guidelines is low and may be improved with system‐wide changes that include patient involvement. The objective of this study was to determine if patients in an internal medicine teaching clinic would use a touch‐screen computer to receive personalized information regarding their need for diabetes care. Outcomes included determining if this intervention would improve resident doctor compliance with diabetic guidelines.

Methods  In this prospective study a computer was available for patients to use independently in one clinic, while another computer was placed in a second clinic with nursing support. Patients responding they were diabetic to the first screen received screens covering HbA1c, blood pressure, cholesterol, foot, eye examinations and compliance with having labs drawn. Non‐diabetic patients received three general health screens. A response‐based report was printed for patients to share with their doctor. Chart reviews were conducted to assess diabetic health care delivery.

Results  The computer was used voluntarily by 20.6% of patients in the primary clinic and by 100% of patients in the nurse‐assisted clinic. A total of 104 patients from both clinics responded they were diabetic; over 50% did not know what HbA1c meant and a minority responded their HbA1c, blood pressure and cholesterol were at good levels. Significantly more HbA1c tests conducted within 6 months were documented in patients' charts.

Discussion  Patients used the computer effectively without direction in the primary clinic. In this initial study, implementation of the computer program increased the number of HbA1c tests ordered. Future studies incorporating refinements may increase both usage and efficacy of this intervention.
Review article: Hepatitis B and dialysis
Authors: EDEY MATTHEW , BARRACLOUGH KATHERINE , JOHNSON DAVID W
Published: December 2009

The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in dialysis populations has declined over recent decades, largely because of improvements in infection control and widespread implementation of HBV vaccination. Regardless, outbreaks of infection continue to occur in dialysis units, and prevalence rates remain unacceptably high. For a variety of reasons, dialysis patients are at increased risk of acquiring HBV. They also demonstrate different disease manifestations compared with healthy individuals and are more likely to progress to chronic carriage. This paper will review the epidemiology, modes of transmission and diagnosis of HBV in this population. Prevention and treatment will be discussed, with a specific focus on strategies to improve vaccination response, new therapeutic options and selection of patients for therapy.
Primary malignant melanoma of the prostate
Authors: Ma Li , Liu Wenying , Sun Fa
Published: December 2009

Abstract:  Although the incidence is extremely rare in clinical practice, due to its highly aggressive behavior and a similar presentation as prostate cancer, the primary malignant melanoma of the prostate should be given more attention. We report a case in a 29‐year‐old male who presented with one‐month history of dysuria. Based on clinical examination, ultrasound and computed tomography imaging, surgical operation and histopathological studies, a definitive diagnosis was made. Further characteristic images and pathology of this disease are discussed.
Zero-cycles on projective varieties and the norm principle
Authors: Gille Philippe , Semenov Nikita
Published: December 2009

Using the Gille–Merkurjev norm principle we compute in a uniform way the image of the degree map for quadrics (Springer’s theorem), for twisted forms of maximal orthogonal Grassmannians (a theorem of Bayer-Fluckiger and Lenstra), and for E6- (a theorem of Rost) and E7-varieties.
Learning Partnerships Between Undergraduate Biology Students and Younger Learners
Authors: ABRAHAMSEN LEE
Published: December 2009

In two upper-level elective biology courses and one beginning-level general biology course, college students participated in Learning Partnerships with middle or high school classes to study some aspect of biology. The goals were to enhance learning by providing resources to middle and high school students and teachers and by encouraging college students to consider teaching as a learning tool and a possible career goal. The college students designed lessons, activities, and laboratories that were done at the schools and at Bates College. Feedback and data suggest that the partnerships have helped teachers enrich their curricula, enhanced student learning, encouraged additional high school students to consider applying to college, and encouraged college students to consider teaching science.
Volcanism, age, and hydrothermal deposits of the West Valley Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Leybourne Maatthew I. , Wagoner Nancy A. Van
Published: December 2009

West Valley is a rift valley that forms part of the northernmost segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge. The valley is about 8 km wide, has a relief of 400–800 m along the valley walls, and has been interpreted to have formed recently by tectonic collapse. As part of a comprehensive study of West Valley, photographic images were obtained using a deeply towed camera sled containing a black and white video camera and a colour 35 mm camera. Photos were analyzed for volcanic form and type, tectonic features, and the relative age of the sea floor. Pillow and lobate lavas were the most common flow types observed. Based on sediment cover and an estimate of the hemipelagic sedimentation rate, the flows may be as young as a few hundred to as old as 2000 years. The youngest lavas are associated with small axial volcanoes that form an en echelon pattern within the valley. Newly discovered hydrothermal sulphide mounds and chimneys are spatially associated with moderately young pillow and lobate flows near the base of a small axial volcano. The area is moderately tectonically disrupted, with the most pervasive tectonism localized at the margins of the valley.
Are post-Middle Miocene tilts present in the southern Coast Belt of British Columbia? A case study of present Earth's magnetic field overprints
Authors: Vandall T. A. , Wheadon P. M.
Published: December 2009

Tectonic tilt is a possible explanation for the discordant Cretaceous paleomagnetic poles obtained from intrusions in the Coast Belt of the Canadian Cordillera. If tilting of these intrusions has taken place, post-Cretaceous intrusions may have been similarly tilted. Paleomagnetism of the Middle Miocene Rogers Creek pluton (16 Ma) in the central-southern Coast Belt was utilized to test the tilt hypothesis. Well-grouped stable primary magnetizations have been isolated in 11 sites with both normal and reverse polarities. The mean remanence component, directed at D = 000.7°, I = 67.9° (α95 = 3.9°, paleolatitude 50.9 ± 9°N, paleopole 88.3°N, 257.5°E, A95 = 5.7°), was likely acquired upon emplacement at 16 Ma. This direction agrees with the Middle Miocene reference direction (D = 357°, I = 68°) calculated from the updated Miocene (10–20 Ma) cratonic reference pole for North America. This concordant result, when combined with concordant data from other mid-Tertiary intrusions to the south, defines a southern Coast Belt domain that shows no evidence of post-Middle Miocene tectonic tilt. This result does not preclude tilting of the mid-Cretaceous Spuzzum batholith within this domain; however, if tilting took place it must have occurred prior to the Middle Miocene. The concordant data from the Rogers Creek pluton provide a Middle Miocene paleohorizontal datum for future work investigating crustal tilts in the Coast Belt.A comparison of Tertiary Coast Belt paleopoles demonstrates that they are systematically rotated clockwise and are near-sided relative to the cratonic reference poles. This implies that the Coast Belt has been displaced 300 km southward and rotated 8° clockwise, or regionally tilted downward to the northwest, or some combination of these two end members, since the Late Miocene. These scenarios appear untenable. Evidence is given that the directional bias of the paleopoles is caused by unremoved present Earth's magnetic field (PEMF) overprint magnetizations, which comprise 10–25% of the total remanence in most cases. The implication is that demagnetization and analysis techniques used in previous Tertiary Coast Belt studies, to varying degrees, may have insufficiently removed the PEMF overprints. The case is made for the importance of thorough alternating field and thermal step demagnetization, of all specimens, in order to maximize magnetic component data from which the principal magnetic components can be best isolated and PEMF components removed.
Mesozoic alkaline rocks of the Averill plutonic complex
Authors: Keep Myra , Russell J. K.
Published: December 2009

The 150 Ma Averill alkaline plutonic complex is situated in southern British Columbia within the Intermontane Belt of the Canadian Cordillera. It comprises concentrically arranged phases of pyroxenite, monzogabbro, monzodiorite, monzonite, and syenite. Gradational changes in the modal composition of the phases contrast with an abrupt change in crystallinity from euhedral mafic minerals in the ultramafic–mafic phases to an anhedral, interstitial habit for mafic minerals in the syenite. Whole-rock compositions have clear alkaline affinities (e.g., feldspathoid normative) and indicate a chemical discontinuity between the ultramafic–mafic phases and the late syenite phases. Melanite garnet is an important accessory mineral of the syenite and is characteristic of silica-undersaturated alkaline intrusions. Clinopyroxene, feldspar, amphibole, biotite, melanite, and titanite compositions compare closely with those of other alkaline complexes in the western Cordillera.
The in vitro inhibition of hepatic ferrochelatase by divalent lead and other soft metal ions
Authors: Gaertner Reimer R. W. , Hollebone Bryan R.
Published: December 2009

A solubilized protein with ferrochelatase activity has been extracted from hepatic mitochondria of Sprague–Dawley rats. Under anerobic conditions in the presence of sodium ascorbate the ferrochelatase velocity was typically 1.8 nM∙min−1∙mg−1. The extract also displayed zinc chelatase activity of 1.2 nM∙min−1∙mg−1 without either anerobic conditions or ascorbate. In both cases substrate inhibition occurred for metal ion and deuteroporphyrin, but in the linear range a noncompetitive two-site mechanism was observed. The ferrochelatase activity is inhibited by divalent copper, mercury, and lead ions and the sodium salt of p-chloromercuribenzoate and is replaced by zinc chelation activity. This evidence suggests that the metal-binding site includes a thiol group. The inhibition of the site is greatest with Cu2+ and decreases with increasing ionic radius to Pb2+. This observation implies that the binding site is stereochemically adapted to the small Fe2+ ion and to some extent protected from larger, sulfur-binding ions which can inhibit ferrochelatase activity.
Glutamate formyl- and formimino-transferase activities from pig liver
Authors: Bortoluzzi L. C. , MacKenzie R. E.
Published: December 2009

Formylglutamate:tetrahydrofolate formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.6) from pig liver is not a separate entity, but represents a reaction catalyzed slowly by the active sites of formiminoglutamate:tetrahydrofolate formiminotransferase (EC 2.1.2.5). The two activities copurify through the stage of crystallization of the formiminotransferase and show very similar responses to heat inactivation and modification with diethylpyrocarbonate. Formylglutamate is a competitive inhibitor against formiminoglutamate, while glutamate is competitive against both the N-substituted glutamate substrates with similar values of Ki. Formyltransferase is a low activity with a Vmax of approximately 0.03% that of the formiminotransferase. All of the formyltransferase activity in liver extracts can be accounted for by the formiminotransferase enzyme.
Identification of nonhistone chromosomal proteins binding specifically to cloned α-fetoprotein DNA sequences
Authors: Lesser Barry H. , Chan Helen W. H. , Stockton John F.
Published: December 2009

A sequential nitrocellulose filter binding assay has been used to quantitate specific binding by nonhistone proteins of a cloned DNA fragment coding for the 3′ end of the mouse α-fetoprotein gene. Nonhistone proteins from fetal mouse liver, from adult liver, and from kidney, all bind this fragment specifically; there is no significant difference in binding by proteins isolated from these three tissues. The proteins responsible for specific binding have been isolated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of DNA–protein complexes and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The majority of the specific binding proteins from adult liver consists of two polypeptides of molecular weights 53 500 and 51 000; three or four minor bands in the molecular weight range 43 000 – 48 000 are also observed. Similar specific binding proteins exist among the fetal liver nonhistone proteins. The native binding proteins as visualized by electron microscopy are very large and appear to bind specifically to a site near the centre of the α-fetoprotein DNA fragment, as well as nonspecifically to the ends of all DNA molecules.
A highly sensitive method for identification of amino termini of proteins: application to multiple forms of poly(C)-avid ribonuclease and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Authors: Kaplan H. , Oda G. , Antoun G. R. , Williamson D. G. , Tattrie B. , Rabin E. Z.
Published: December 2009

A radiochemical method for the determination of the amino terminus on very small amounts (0.5–5 nmol) of protein is described. The high sensitivity of the method is achieved by using undiluted 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitro-[3,5-3H]benzene ([3H]Dnp-F) as the labelling reagent under conditions in which a maximum amount of radioactive label is incorporated. Chemical homogeneity is achieved by reacting with excess unlabelled Dnp-F. High recovery is obtained by adding Dnp-albumin as carrier protein. A mixture of Dnp 14C-labelled amino acids is added prior to hydrolysis and identification of the amino terminus is made on the basis of the 3H/14C ratios of the separated Dnp-amino acids. The method was tested on insulin, pancreatic ribonuclease, and lysozyme which gave high 3H/14C ratios only in the expected amino-terminal amino acids. Application to multiple forms of poly(C)-avid ribonuclease gave only amino-terminal lysine. Two of four putative isozymes of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase had serine as the amino terminus while the other two had aspartic acid or asparagine.