bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviews
Authors: Raein Maziar , Bailey Sue , Hjelde Katrine
Published: October 2008

Verbalising the Visual: Translating Art and Design into Words, Michael Clarke, (2007) Ava Publishing SA, Rue des Fontenailles 16, Case Postale, 1000 Lausanne 6 Switzerland, Tel: +41 786 005 109, <ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri"
xlink:href="http://www.avabooks.ch">http://www.avabooks.ch. ISBN: 2-940373-01-9

Teaching for Quality Learning at University, John Biggs and Catherine Tang, (2007) 3rd edition, The Society for Research into Higher Education, Open University Press,
McGraw-Hill Education, McGraw-Hill House, Shoppenhangers Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, SL6 2QL. www.openup.co.uk. ISBN-10 0 335 22126 2

On Becoming
an Innovative University Teacher: Reflection in Action, John Cowan (2006) ISBN-10: 0 335 21992 6, ISBN-13: 978 0335 21992 6

Facilitating Reflective Learning in Higher Education, Anne Brockbank and Ian McGill (2007) ISBN-10: 0 335 22091 6, ISBN-13: 978 0335 22091 5
Both books are second editions published by: The Society for Research into Higher Education Open University Press, McGraw-Hill Education, McGraw-Hill House, Shoppenhangers Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 2QL. e-mail: enquiriesopenup.co.uk, web: <ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.openup.co.uk">www.openup.co.uk
Eight criteria for practice-based research in the creative and cultural industries
Authors: Biggs Michael , Buchler Daniela
Published: October 2008

This article addresses two core problems in practice-based research: the identification of fundamental conditions and, therefore, the identification of actual examples. It is critical of the methods in many earlier case studies involving circular argumentation. The article assumes that
research in the creative and cultural industries is both situated in the larger field of academic research and that it is a cumulative process. From this it develops a criterion-based approach to the necessary conditions for such research, thereby enabling the identification of actual examples.
This approach solves the circularity problem of earlier case studies. The article concludes that there are four generic and four discipline-specific criteria for academic research in the field. From these criteria other consequences follow for the content of practice-based research. These
eight criteria are currently being used by the authors to identify and study cases of practice-based research.
Reframing semiotic telematic knowledge spaces, and the anthropological challenge to designing interhuman relations
Authors: Stettler Ren
Published: October 2008

Drawing on Vilm Flusser's view of the relationship between humans and the computer (machines), I explore a new ontological framework for our beingin-the-world. I begin by raising critical questions regarding our endeavours and efforts to create endlessly expanding semiotic knowledge
spaces based on technological innovation (e.g. Wikipedia or the Universal Electronic Library) in order to reflect on this development from a Flusserian perspective, i.e. as an anthropological challenge to designing interhuman relations. By searching for new ontological conditions for humans,
technology and knowledge, I want to probe into responses and new perspectives/models of knowledge sharing. How would we have to rethink the relation between semiotic telematic knowledge spaces and their structure/architecture, and the concrete given (our relationships, intersubjectivity, etc.)?
What are the consequences of these findings for the macrosocial structures of encounter where knowledge exchange is a key element? Which are the epistemic models most suited to articulating a productive interdisciplinary knowledge exchange? My approach intends to weave knowledge and space,
memory, technology and lived experience into an ontological fabric, and, in so doing, place humans and their communicative needs at the centre of my considerations.
MONDO: Literature and democracy: the metamorphosis of the future cognitive mutations and human values: REDUX
Authors: de Melo Pimenta Emanuel Dimas
Published: October 2008

Are the ideas of democracy and isonomy an absolute achievement of civilization, or just a tuning moment in a complex system of metamorphosis? Is this something universal or an aesthetic approach? Could our concept of art, in its deepest sense, be responsible for democracy? Or, could our concept of democracy exist because of art? This paper is a reflection on these questions. Normally, a scientific text should give answers but would this principle be universal? Inside our planetary metamorphosis all values are changing as always but now at high speed. High speed gives us both the sensation of confusion, which was typical in other historical moments, as when Carmina Burana was elaborated in the Middle Ages, and the possibility to take a step back and have, in the eye of the cyclone, dynamic elements showing us change in process. In this paper, democracy and isonomy are taken as the content of a path towards civilization, in a new environment.
A Comparison of Facial and Lingual Cortical Thicknesses in Edentulous Maxillary and Mandibular Sites Measured on Computerized Tomograms
Authors: Flanagan Dennis
Published: October 2008

Edentulous ridges suitable for implant treatment depend on cortical bone for implant stability, especially for ridge-expansion procedures. This study was done to find and compare the actual thicknesses of the facial and lingual edentulous cortices of the maxilla and mandible as measured on computerized tomograms. The collected computerized tomographs (CT) of one implantologist's practice (D.F.) were measured. The measurements taken demonstrated that the edentulous lingual cortex is almost always thicker than the facial cortex in the maxilla and mandible. The combined maxillary and mandibular facial cortices measurement sites average was 1.79 mm. The combined maxillary and mandibular lingual cortices measurement sites average was 2.33 mm. The average cortical thickness measurement of the maxillary facial cortices was 1.66 mm. The lingual maxillary average was 2.16 mm. The mandibular facial cortical sites averaged 1.83 mm, while the lingual cortical sites were 2.40 mm. These data confirm that the lingual cortex of the maxilla and mandible is thicker than the facial cortex at a ratio of 1:1.3. This ratio was consistent for maxilla and mandible.
Postnatal affective disorders. Part 2: prevention and management
Authors: Oates Margaret
Published: October 2008

Women with a history of mental illness should be screened during early pregnancy, as the risk of recurrence following delivery is substantial.

The risk of suicide in seriously mentally ill women is elevated following childbirth.

Postpartum psychiatric illnesses respond to the same treatments as at other times; breastfeeding, however, limits medication choice.

Mothers requiring admission to a psychiatric hospital following delivery should be admitted to a mother and baby unit unless contraindicated.

Learning objectives:

To recognise the risk factors and preventative measures for postnatal affective disorders.

To discuss the psychological, pharmacological and social management.

To understand the potential adverse effects of pharmacological treatment on the developing infant via breast milk.

Ethical issues:

Do the risks to both mother and infant of not treating postpartum psychiatric illness outweigh the risk to the infant of psychotropic medication?

Please cite this article as: Oates M. Postnatal affective disorders. Part 2: prevention and management. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2008;10:231–235.
Subspecialty training in urogynaecology
Authors: Mayne Christopher , Cutner Alfred , Toozs‐Hobson Philip M
Published: October 2008

This article outlines the background and history of subspecialty training in urogynaecology.

There have been many changes in training brought about by the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board.

The new curriculum and assessment tools are reviewed.

Learning objectives:

To review the position of subspecialty training in the new training structure.

To provide up‐to‐date information for those considering subspecialty training in urogynaecology.

Ethical issues:

A centralised generic body controlling all postgraduate medical training represents a considerable advance over individual colleges working in isolation.

All women with urogynaecological problems must only be seen by doctors appropriately accredited in the subspecialty.

Please cite this article as: Mayne C, Cutner A, Toozs‐Hobson PM. Subspecialty training in urogynaecology. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2008;10:263–266.
Comparisons of Catch and Precision of Pop Nets, Push Nets, and Seines for Sampling Larval and Juvenile Yellow Perch
Authors: Paradis Yves , Mingelbier Marc , Brodeur Philippe , Magnan Pierre
Published: October 2008

Abundance estimates of larval and juvenile fish require unbiased and precise sampling techniques. Even if an appropriate sampling technique is chosen, fish abundance estimates can be inaccurate if there is no assessment of the gear precision. Our first objective was to compare catch characteristics of pop nets, push nets, and seines for sampling occurrence, abundance, and size of age-0 yellow perch Perca flavescens in shallow habitats with different vegetation densities. The second objective was to estimate the precision (coefficient of variation (CV)) with which each sampling gear measured larval and juvenile yellow perch abundance. Larval fish were collected in May 2003 via pop nets and push nets, and juveniles were collected in July 2003 via pop nets and seines. Significant differences in yellow perch occurrence and abundance were observed between sampling gears and sampling periods. May occurrence and abundance of larval yellow perch were higher for push nets than for pop nets in open-water habitats but were the same in vegetated sites. The seine was the most effective gear for sampling juvenile yellow perch in both sparsely and densely vegetated habitats during July. The average total length of larval yellow perch sampled with pop nets in May was significantly higher than that of fish sampled with push nets. Average total length of juvenile yellow perch in July was significantly higher for seine samples than for pop-net samples. Our results showed that (1) high precision levels can be reached with pop nets and push nets during May sampling of yellow perch larval stages but (2) the precision level is lower in July when pop nets and seines are used to sample juvenile stages. The CV suggests that aggregations of age-0 yellow perch increased between May and July, which has important implications for sampling design.
Androgen receptor knockout and knock-in mouse models
Authors: Kerkhofs S , Denayer S , Haelens A , Claessens F
Published: October 2008

Androgens play an important role in male reproductive development and function. These steroid hormones mediate their actions by binding to the androgen receptor (AR). Diseases such as androgen insensitivity syndrome, prostate cancer, Kennedy's disease, and infertility can be caused by mutations in the AR. To get a better insight into the molecular working mechanisms of the AR, several knockout and knock-in mouse models have been developed. These models are reviewed here and are compared with human diseases.
Evaluating habitat vulnerability to hazardous air pollutants in the southeastern United States
Authors: Mehaffey Megan , Tankersley Roger , Miller Latoya , Smith Elizabeth
Published: October 2008

Long term protection and maintenance of ecological communities and populations must consider the effect of atmospheric pollutants in addition to stressors that occur on the ground. We describe a technique for identifying species ranges and ecosystems across the landscape where there could be potential effects from air toxics releases. We modified the ranking equations for hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from the Chemical Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model (SCRAM) to come up with a weighted relative toxicity value. The model combines toxicity rankings from SCRAM, chemical ambient air concentration data from the Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide model, and species richness data from the Southeast Gap Analysis Project. The final output was a 30-m pixel grid of potential vulnerability to HAP exposures. We found that the model, in general, resulted in a circular pattern around major urban areas with vulnerability decreasing with distance from the urban center. Those areas having high acreage of federal, state, and locally protected lands were also highlighted by the models added weight for species richness. Since the final toxicity maps were in a raster format the data can be aggregated into any number of assessment units for use by multiple levels of decision makers including federal and state entities who want to compare relative toxicity exposures across a region and local groups who want to evaluate the vulnerability of lands under their management.
Lack of Predictability at Work and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction: An 18-Year Prospective Study of Industrial Employees
Authors: Väänänen Ari , Koskinen Aki , Joensuu Matti , Kivimäki Mika , Vahtera Jussi , Kouvonen Anne , Jäppinen Paavo
Published: October 2008

Objectives. We examined whether the distinctive components of job control—decision authority, skill discretion, and predictability—were related to subsequent acute myocardial infarction (MI) events in a large population of initially heart disease–free industrial employees.

Methods. We prospectively examined the relation between the components of job control and acute MI among private-sector industrial employees. During an 18-year follow-up, 56 fatal and 316 nonfatal events of acute MI were documented among 7663 employees with no recorded history of cardiovascular disease at baseline (i.e., 1986).

Results. After adjustment for demographics, psychological distress, prevalent medical conditions, lifestyle risk factors, and socioeconomic characteristics, low decision autonomy (P < .53) and skill discretion (P < .10) were not significantly related to subsequent acute MI. By contrast, low predictability at work was associated with elevated risk of acute MI (P = .02). This association was driven by the strong effect of predictability on acute MI among employees aged 45 to 54 years.

Conclusions. Prospective evidence suggests that low predictability at work is an important component of job control, increasing long-term risk of acute MI among middle-aged employees.
Dual Loyalty of Physicians in the Military and in Civilian Life
Authors: Benatar Solomon R. , Upshur Ross E. G.
Published: October 2008

The concept of the dual loyalty physicians may have to both a patient and a third party is important in elucidating the obligations of physicians. The extent to which loyalty may be deflected from a patient to a third party (e.g., an insurance company or a prison commander) is greatly underestimated and has not attracted significant scholarly analysis.

We examined dual loyalty in civilian and military contexts and used the principles of public health ethics to construct a framework for determining the legitimacy of physicians' obligations. We illustrate the application of these principles to problems physicians encounter regarding communicable diseases, elder abuse, and driving fitness. In the complex military context, independent ethics tribunals should be created to adjudicate loyalty conflicts.
Enhancement of Influenza Surveillance With Aggregate Rapid Influenza Test Results: New Mexico, 2003–2007
Authors: Baumbach Joan , Mueller Mark , Smelser Chad , Albanese Bernadette , Sewell C. Mack
Published: October 2008

Objectives. We sought to determine whether monitoring rapid influenza laboratory tests improved the influenza-like illness surveillance already in place in New Mexico.

Methods. For the past 3 influenza seasons, the New Mexico Department of Health examined influenza-like illness visits and positive rapid influenza test results.

Results. The proportion of positive rapid influenza test results started to rise earlier than did the percentage of clinical visits because of influenza-like illness in each of the past 3 influenza seasons: 5 weeks earlier during the 2004–2005 season; 3 weeks earlier in 2005–2006; and 2 weeks earlier in 2006–2007. In addition, rapid influenza tests showed a spike in influenza B activity late in the 2005–2006 season that influenza-like illness syndrome surveillance did not.

Conclusions. Laboratory-based rapid influenza test surveillance required relatively few resources to implement and offered a sensitive mechanism to detect the onset of influenza activity while allowing for the distinction of influenza types.
The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Obesity in a Population-Based Multiracial and Multiethnic Adult Sample
Authors: Hunte Haslyn E. R. , Williams David R.
Published: October 2008

Objectives. We examined whether perceived chronic discrimination was related to excess body fat accumulation in a random, multiethnic, population-based sample of US adults.

Methods. We used multivariate multinomial logistic regression and logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship between interpersonal experiences of perceived chronic discrimination and body mass index and high-risk waist circumference.

Results. Consistent with other studies, our analyses showed that perceived unfair treatment was associated with increased abdominal obesity. Compared with Irish, Jewish, Polish, and Italian Whites who did not experience perceived chronic discrimination, Irish, Jewish, Polish, and Italian Whites who perceived chronic discrimination were 2 to 6 times more likely to have a high-risk waist circumference. No significant relationship between perceived discrimination and the obesity measures was found among the other Whites, Blacks, or Hispanics.

Conclusions. These findings are not completely unsupported. White ethnic groups including Polish, Italians, Jews, and Irish have historically been discriminated against in the United States, and other recent research suggests that they experience higher levels of perceived discrimination than do other Whites and that these experiences adversely affect their health.
Corporate Philanthropy, Lobbying, and Public Health Policy
Authors: Tesler Laura E. , Malone Ruth E.
Published: October 2008

To counter negative publicity about the tobacco industry, Philip Morris has widely publicized its philanthropy initiatives. Although corporate philanthropy is primarily a public relations tool, contributions may be viewed as offsetting the harms caused by corporate products and practices. That such donations themselves have harmful consequences has been little considered.

Drawing on internal company documents, we explored the philanthropy undertaken as part of Philip Morris's PM21 image makeover. Philip Morris explicitly linked philanthropy to government affairs and used contributions as a lobbying tool against public health policies. Through advertising, covertly solicited media coverage, and contributions to legislators’ pet causes, Philip Morris improved its image among key voter constituencies, influenced public officials, and divided the public health field as grantees were converted to stakeholders.
Past Trends and Current Status of Self-Reported Incidence and Impact of Disease and Nonbattle Injury in Military Operations in Southwest Asia and the Middle East
Authors: Riddle Mark S. , Tribble David R. , Putnam Shannon D. , Mostafa Manal , Brown Theodore R. , Letizia Andrew , Armstrong Adam W. , Sanders John W.
Published: October 2008

Objectives. To evaluate the evolutional changes in disease and nonbattle injury in a long-term deployment setting, we investigated trends of selected disease and nonbattle injury (NBI) incidence among US military personnel deployed in ongoing military operations in Southwest Asia and the Middle East.

Methods. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire concerning diarrhea, acute respiratory illness (ARI), and NBIs. We compared incidence, morbidity, and risk associations of disease and NBI incidence with historical data. We analyzed a clinic screening form to describe trends in diarrhea incidence over a 3-year period.

Results. Between April 2006 and March 2007, 3374 troops completed deployment questionnaires. Incidence of diarrhea was higher than that of ARI and NBI (12.1, 7.1, and 2.5 episodes per 100 person-months, respectively), but ARI and NBI resulted in more-frequent health system utilization (both P < .001) and decreased work performance (P < .001 and P = .05, respectively) than did diarrhea. Compared with historical disease and NBI incidence rates, diarrhea and NBI incidence declined over a 4-year period, whereas ARI remained relatively constant.

Conclusions. Diarrhea, ARI, and NBI are important health concerns among deployed military personnel. Public health and preventive measures are needed to mitigate this burden.
Police Reform, Task Force Rhetoric, and Traces of Dissent: Rethinking Consensus-as-Outcome in Collaborative Writing Situations
Authors: Knievel Michael
Published: October 2008

Pedagogical and scholarly representations of collaborative writing and knowledge construction in technical communication have traditionally recognized consensus as the logical outcome of collaborative work, even as scholars and teachers have acknowledged the value of conflict and “dissensus” in the process of collaborative knowledge building. However, the conflict-laden work product of a Denver task force charged with recommending changes to the city police department's use-of-force policy and proposing a process for police oversight retains the collaborative group's dissensus and in doing so, illustrates an alternative method of collaborative reporting that challenges convention. Such an approach demonstrates a dissensus-based method of reporting that has the potential to open new rhetorical spaces for collaborative stakeholders by gainfully extending collaborative conversations and creating new opportunities for ethos development, thus offering scholars, teachers, and practitioners a way of reimagining the trajectory and outcome of collaborative work.
Seroprevalence and pathological study of Salmonella infections in layer chickens and isolation and identification of causal agents
Authors: Islam MM , Haider MG , Chowdhury EH , Kamruzzaman M , Hossain MM
Published: October 2008

The present research work was conducted to study about the seroprevalence and pathology of Salmonella infections in layer chickens of Dhaka and Gazipur regions of Bangladesh and to isolate and characterize Salmonellae from layer chickens during the period from January to May 2006. The used materials were blood sample, cloacal and liver swabs from live and dead birds respectively, and visceral organs (liver, lungs, spleen and intestine). The used methods were serum plate agglutination (SPA) test; necropsy and histopathology; cultural, morphological and biochemical test. The overall seroprevalence was 43.4%. During necropsy, congested and enlarged liver with focal necrosis, haemorrhagic and discoloured ovary with stalk formation and mild haemorrhagic to catarrhal enteritis in intestine were detected. Microscopically, the liver showed congestion, focal necrosis with multifocal infiltration of histiocytes in liver parenchyma. In ovum, infiltration of leukocytes, bacterial colony, RE cell proliferation and fibrinoid necrosis were recorded. The intestinal mucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells in mucosa, submucosa as well as muscularis mucosa. A total of 33 (21.02%) Salmonellae from live and dead birds were isolated. The isolation rate of Salmonellae was higher in seronegative (31.6%) group than seropositive (3.2%) group. Out of 33 Salmonella isolates, 25 were S. pullorum, 3 were S. gallinarum and the rest 5 were motile Salmonellae. The isolates obtained in the study may be investigated for serotyping, pathogenesis study, antibiogram and vaccine production in future. Key words: Seroprevalence, histopathology, isolation, identification, Salmonella, chickensDOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1288Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 79â85
Responses of the Black Bengal goat (Capra hircus) to PMSG and surgical embryo recovery within MOET technique
Authors: Faruk MO , Bari FY , Shamsuddin M , Alam MGS , Islam MF
Published: October 2008

The aim of the present study was to determine the responses of Black Bengal Goat following synchronization with alfaprostol, superovulation with PMSG and embryo collection with surgical procedure. This research work was carried out at the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) during the period from January to December 2001. Three Flushing schedules have been carried out in one-year time consisting of 5 donor and 4 recipients in Flush I, 2 donors and 4 recipients in Flush II, and 4 donors and 3 recipients in Flush III. The donors as well as the recipients were synchronized with GabbrostimÂ® (Alfaprostol, VETEM, Italy) at the dose rate of 2-mg equivalent to 1ml/goat. Among 11 donors only 6 donors responded following first injection, but all donor responded with second and third injection of GabbrostimÂ®. The mean time of onset of oestrus and duration of oestrus in donor were 29.9 Â± 9.20h, 50.0 Â± 5.94h, 47.8 Â± 4.05h and 20.9 Â±5.10h, 27.9 Â± 1.19h, 29.4 Â± 1.36h respectively. Among 11 recipient does, only 6 responded following first injection of Gabbrostim, while that of second injection was 9. The mean time of onset of oestrus and duration of oestrus were 28.6 Â± 9.69h, 40.1 Â± 8.95h and 17.1 Â± 5.05h, 22.5 Â± 3.45h respectively. All 9 recipients responded in third injection and the mean time of onset of oestrus and duration of oestrus were 39.9 Â± 5.06h and 27.4 Â± 1.32h respectively. In all flushing schedules, superovulation was performed using PMSG (FolligonÂ®, Intervet International B.V, Holland) at the dose rate of 900 IU, 800 IU and 700 IU respectively. Both natural service and AI was performed to fertilise the ovum after onset of oestrus. The superovulatory response was determined by counting the number of corpora lutea (CL) during collection of embryos. The percent of superovulatory donor goats were 100, 50 and 25% respectively. The mean number of ovulation was 13.6 Â±3.6, 10.5 Â± 8.5 and 3.5 Â± 3.2 respectively. The embryos were collected surgically by using 50 ml Phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The embryos were counted and graded under stereomicroscope. The embryo collection rates varied from 0-100%. The recovered embryos were of 100% fertile. The total number of embryos recovered was 4, 8 and 8 with the percent of recovery 6, 38 and 61.5% respectively. In Flush I among 4 recovered embryos, 3 were Grade 1 morula and the rest embryo was Grade 2 late morula. In Flush II among 8 recovered embryos, 7 were Grade 2 early morula and rest embryo was Grade 2 late morula. In Flush III among 8 recovered embryos, 5 were Grade 2 morula and rests 3 were Grade 2 late morula. Key words: Black Bengal goat, PMSG, embryo, MOET DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1293 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 107-115
Study on pneumonia in Black Bengal goat in selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam S , Ahad A , Chowdhury S , Barua SR
Published: October 2008

The present study aimed at diagnosis of pneumonia in Black Bengal goat by clinical symptoms and the association of different animal and management factors with the occurrence of pneumonia in goat. The study was carried out on a total number of 40 Black Bengal goats with respiratory disorder that were brought to the Upazila Veterinary Hospital, Boalkhali during June to August 2004. In the study the patients showed high rise of body temperature, serous, mucoid or mucopurulent nasal discharge, cough, moist and crackles rales on auscultation of the lung were diagnosed as pneumonia. It was observed that the age group of 1-2 years, male goat and animal with poor body condition score are in greater risk to pneumonia. On the other hand among management factors free range (night shelter only), muddy floor with poor drainage system, having a feeding pattern of grazing and group or community based grazing pattern were showed susceptible to pneumonia. Key words: Black Bengal goat, pneumonia, risk factors DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1298 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 137-140
A review on subcellular or organellar proteomics with special reference to apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Siddiki AMAM Zonaed , Hossain MB , Ahasan ASM Lutful
Published: October 2008

Despite several well-known limitations, mass spectrometry-based proteomics is still performing important role for post-genomic investigations. As large-scale proteomic investigation of whole organism or cell has been found more complex with available analytical tools, subcellular fractionation prior to mass spectrometry is becoming more useful approach now-a-days. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize all such subcellular or organellar proteomic investigations performed to date with its implications for apicomplexan parasites. Key words: Subcellular proteomics, parasite, mass spectrometry, fractionation DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1301 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 01- 07
Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chicken in the greater Rajshahi district of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain KMM , Ali MY , Haque MI
Published: October 2008

A serological investigation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in chicken was conducted in the greater Rajshahi district of Bangladesh on 115 flocks during the period from July 2006 to June 2007. A total of 575 sera samples were collected and tested by serum plate agglutination (SPA) test using Mycoplasma gallisepticum antigen (Nobilis MG, Intervet International B.V. Boxmeer-Holland) to determine specific antibodies in different flocks. The overall seroprevalence of MG infection in different flocks was recorded as 55.13%. Seroprevalence of MG infection was found significantly (p < 0.05) higher during winter season (61.48%) than in summer (47.74%). Again this was recorded in different age groups, with significantly (p < 0.01) higher occurrence in young (72.72%) compared to adult (44.00%). On the other hand, the seroprevalence of MG infection was found little (p>0.05) higher in large flocks (62.86%) in comparison to small flocks (52.00%). It has been found that MG infection is still an important disease problem in chickens in Bangladesh. Key words: Seroprevalence, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, chicken, serum plate agglutination (SPA) test DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1302 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 09-14
Comparative efficacy of avinew (VG/GA strain) and BCRDV (F strain) vaccines against Newcastle disease in broiler chickens
Authors: Mahmud MS , Hossain MT , Monoura P , Amin MM
Published: October 2008

A study was conducted for the detection of persistence of maternal antibody as well as the comparative efficacy of Avinew (VG/GA Strain) and BCRDV (F Strain) vaccines against Newcastle disease during the period from January to April 2006 using 100 day-old broiler chicks divided into three groups namely A, B and C. Birds of groups A and B consisting each of 40 were primarily vaccinated intraocularly (IO) with Avinew and BCRDV respectively at the age of day three (3) and secondarily with the same vaccines, as the cases were, on day 20. Sera samples were obtained from 10 randomly selected birds on each occasion of day 1, 10, 17, 27, 30, 34 and 44 of age of birds. Birds of group C were maintained as unvaccinated control for the determination of existence of maternal antibody parallel to the day of vaccination and challenge. It was observed that following primary vaccination in case of group A, the HI titres with a mean Â± SD on day 10 and 17 were 121.6 Â± 19.2 and 60.8 Â± 9.60 respectively as against at mean titres Â± SD of 57.6 Â± 12.8 and 30.4 Â± 4.80 in case group B respectively. On the other hand, subsequent to secondary vaccination, sera samples obtained from group A on day 27 had a mean Â± SD of HI titres 128 Â± 0 and in case of group B, the performance of Avinew in respect of such titre was 57.6 Â± 12.8 on day 27. Thus it was indicated that performance of Aninew in respect of elucidation of HI antibody was comparatively better than that of BCRDV. In case of unvaccinated control birds of group C, the mean of existence of maternal antibody with Â± SD were 512 Â± 0, 54.4 Â± 14.66, 24 Â± 8, 12.8 Â± 8.54, â¤ 4, â¤ 4 and â¤ 4 at the age of day 1, 10, 17, 27, 30, 34 and 44 respectively. One half of vaccinated birds of groups A and B were subjected to challenge test with a virulent isolate of NDV on each of two occasion of day 30 and 44 of age of birds where it was observed that 100% of both the groups of A and B were refractory to each test whereas 95% and 85% of the remaining half of birds of groups A and B resisted the challenge exposure. It was found that maternal antibody against NDV in chicks persisted to a minimal until the age of day 27 and none at day 30 or 34. The analysis of HI titres by Student's t-test revealed that Avinew vaccinated group maintained significantly higher HI titres following primary and secondary vaccination as well as during first challenge than that of BCRDV vaccinated group. Key words: Avinew, BCRDV, efficacy, vaccine, broiler chicks Â  DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1304 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 19-23
Rotaviral diarrhoea in kids of Black Bengal goats in Mymensingh
Authors: Dey BK , Ahmed MS , Ahmed MU
Published: October 2008

An epidemiological study on rotavirus infection was carried out by examining 484 faecal specimens of kids of Black Bengal goats using RNA polycrylamide-gel-electrophoresis and silver staining (PAGE-ss) technique. Goat rotavirus was detected in 8.68% (42/484) diarrhoeic faecal specimens. The highest rate of rotavirus infection in goat kids was found in the month of January (13.95%) and the lowest in August (5.26%). The rate of rotavirus infection also the highest in winter season (11.80%) and the lowest in summer season (7.10%). The kids of 7 days to 1-month age group were most frequently found associated with rotavirus infection 13.63% (12/95), but very young kids which were below 7 days old, were found negative for rotavirus while gradual decreasing infection rate was found with the advancement of age. There was no marked variation in rotavirus infection rate between male and female group of kids. An electrophoretic analysis of rotaviral RNA revealed that kids were infected with rotavirus having only long RNA electropherotypes. The antigenic studies with reference to subgroup and serotypes with specificity and its zoonotic potentials need to be studied further. Key words: Rotaviral diarrhoea, kids, Black Bengal goats DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1312 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 59-62
Pathological investigation of liver of the slaughtered buffaloes in Barisal district
Authors: Ahmedullah F , Akbor M , Haider MG , Hossain MM , Khan MAHNA , Hossain MI , Shanta IS
Published: October 2008

Livers (n = 80) of slaughtered adult buffaloes were examined for pathological changes during the period from July 2006 to March 2007 in two slaughterhouses of Barisal district. Livers exhibiting gross alterations were cleaned with normal neutral saline and the changes were recorded. The lesions containing tissue samples were collected in 10% buffered formalin for fixation. Grossly, Gigantocotyle explanatum infection (amphistomiasis) was found in 31.25% and Fasciola gigantica infection was in 22.5% cases. Hydatidosis (2.5%), abscesses (3.75%), and haemorrhages (2.5%) were found in the liver. Histopathologically, cirrhosis was found in 31.25% cases. Nodular hepatitis 7.5%, granulomatous hepatitis 5% and parasitic cholecystitis 15% were also recorded during the investigation. Survey showed that the severity of infection with G. explanatum 31.25% and F. gigantica 22.5% and cirrhosis 31.25% were of highest percentage. Â  Key words: Liver, amphistomiasis, hydatidosis, granulomatous, cholecystitis, cirrhosis, Fasciola gigantica DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1321 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 81-85
Propagande américaine
Authors: Béra Marc-André
Published: October 2008

L'Amérique nous envoie, depuis quelque temps, des livres, des brochures, des pamphlets, toute une littérature que l'on serait tenté de qualifier de propagande, si ce mot n'avait pris depuis une dizaine d'années une valeur détestable. C'est pourtant bien d'une sorte de dumping intellectuel qu'il s'agit, d'une importation forcée dans les pays, libérés par les armées américaines, de la pensée officielle de l'Amérique en guerre, d'une manière d'évangélisation, en somme, car il s'agit d'amener la vieille Europe inourable à ebjurer ses erreurs, et à repenser ses problèmes en termes américains. La guerre et la paix, l'avenir de l'humanité, capitalisme ou socialisme, autorité ou liberté, bien-être et valeurs, tels sont quelques-uns des thèmes qui reviennent comme des leit-motiv dans cette prédication.
“Sciences-Po” : Une justice - et un parallèle
Authors: Morazé Charles
Published: October 2008

L'Institut d'Études Politiques vienf d'ouvrir ses portes. L'École Libre des Sciences Politiques vient de fermer les siennes. Méditons.

École Libre… Ayec quelle fierté elle portait ce titre, au temps où triomphait la bourgeoisie, en ce début du siècle où les usages consacraient « bourgeoises » des familles aux professions cataloguées comme en un armoriai et où on n'entrait, à grand'peine, qu'à força de talent, d'humiliation parfois, et toujours grâce à des complicités dans la place.,. « Nos familles », donc, s'étaient cotisées pour organiser cette École qui, hors de l'Etat, sans son secours et dans, un tout autre esprit que l'enseignement public, offrait un apprentissage « aux meilleurs »…
Histoire des idées, histoire des sociétés. Une question de climat
Authors: Febvre Lucien
Published: October 2008

Etienne Gilson vient de publier chez Payot, — sous forme, cette fois, d'un gros traité de 782 pages in-8°, — une seconde édition, entièrement revue, amplifiée et augmentée, du très utile petit manuel que, chez le même Payot, en 1922, il avait présenté sohs forme de modestes livrets extrêmement précieux à consulter déjà, mais que l'ceuvre actuelle dépasse de beaucoup.

Il s'agissait, alors comme aujourd'hui, de donner dé La Philosophie au moyen âge, des origines patristiqu.es à la fin du XIVe siècle, une vue d'ensemble qui ne constitue ni un guide érudit, comme l'Ueberweg, ni un guide philosophique et systématique à la façon de Maurice de Wulf, ni une étude sur les rapports de la pensée médiévale, et de la pensée grecque, à la mode d'Emile Bréhier. Etienne Gilson, lui, s'est attaché avant tout à dérouler sous les yeux du lecteur le film chronologique de la philosophie médiévale depuis son premier contact avec la philosophie grecque, au IIe siècle de notre ère, « dès qu'il y eut des convertis de culture grecque », jusqu'à cette fin du XIVe siècle qui voit se lever l'aurore de temps nouveaux.
Du fédéralisme et de Proudhon
Authors: Febvre Lucien
Published: October 2008

Je tiens pour excellent le petit livre que MIIe Amoudruz vient de consacrer, sous le titre de Proudhon et l'Europe, à l'examen historique et critique des idées de Proudhon en politique étrangère. Intéressant sujet, et toujours négligé. MIIe Amoudruz le traite avec beaucoup d'intelligence et de pénétration. En historienne et non point en juriste ou en sociologue. Son travail a commencé par être une thèse de diplôme, soumise à l'appréciation de Georges Lefebvre, et c'est Georges Lefebvre qui, lui ayant fait bon accueil, est à l'origine de la publication. Elle est justifiée de toutes façons.
Que la France se nomme diversité. A propos de quelques études jurassiennes
Authors: Febvre Lucien
Published: October 2008

J'ai commencé à correspondre avec l'abbé M. Berthet, curé de Châleau-Chalon, dans le Jura, en février 1945. Travailleur isolé, sans grande bibliothèque dans son voisinage, sans appui intellectuel, ni guide, ni conseil, il cherchait à assurer des connaissances qu'il entendait puiser aux meilleures sources. J'ai été tout de suite frappé par une qualilé de pensée, une acuité d'observation assez rares : celle d'un « homme qui, m'écrivait-il, ne savait pas bien si ce qui l'intéressait devait s'appeler histoire, économie, sociologie ou géographie humaine » (il s'intéresse d'ailleurs à bien des questions et, fort utilement, à de grands problèmes d'histoire religieuse) ; mais, précisément, son peu de souci des étiquettes, son grand souci des réalités faisaient de lui, par avance, un correspondant de choix pour les Annales. Il était voué à les rencontrer.
Réflexions sur un équilibre démographique : Beaucoup de naissances, beaucoup de morts Peu d'enfants, peu de décès
Authors: Halbwachs Maurice
Published: October 2008

IL y a, au musée Carnavalet, une peinture du XVIe siècle, qui représente le charnier des Innocents, sur l'emplacement actuel du square. On voit une église, des chapelles, les maisons de la rue Saint- Denis. C'est une place enclose de bâtiments assez disparates, et qui évoque en plus petit l'esplanade du Temple à Jérusalem, qui entoure la mosquée d'Omar : il y a ici une tour de bois, isolée comme un minaret ; ailleurs un prêchoir, comme les mihrabs musulmans. De grandes croix espacées, quelques pierres tombales. Au premier plan, des fossoyeurs sont en train d'enterrer un mort simplement enveloppé dans un suaire, tandis que s'immobilise autour d'eux un groupe compact de prêtres et d'assistants. Mais la place n'est point déserte : elle s'anime du passage de personnages, hommes, femmes, qui vont à leurs affaires ou à leurs plaisirs ; des enfants se battent ; un mendiant couché à terre, presque entièrement nu, demande la charité.
Procès à reviser ? Louis XI, la noblesse et la marchandise
Authors: Zeller Gaston
Published: October 2008

Nous ne manquons pas de livres sur Louis XI. Quatre biographies, parues en ces vingt dernières années, nous sollicitent à la fois. Deux d'entre elles portent la signature de ce couleur d'histoire à bâtons rompus que fut Pierre Champion. Les deux autres sont dues respectivement à M. Joseph Calmette et à M. Auguste Builly.

Tous ces différents portraits, d'un roi qui ne ressemble à aucun autre, se ressemblent singulièrement entre eux. Sans .doute Louis XI n'y apparaît-il plus tout à fait sous les couleurs dont l'avait chargé certaine historiographie romantique. La mise au point nécessaire a été faite. A quelques détails près, cependant, l'image est toujours celle que nous (levons, pour l'essenliel, à Philippe de Comines et aux autres _ chroniqueurs contemporains. Le trait sur lequel, depuis Pierre Matthieu et Duclos, tous les historiens de Louis XI ont aimé à mettre l'accent, c'est son peu de goût pour la guerre, sa préférence pour les moyens d'actions indirects.
Une sociologie de la pratique religieuse
Authors: Febvre Lucien
Published: October 2008

Les lecteurs du premier volume de cette Introduction à l'Histoire de la Pratique religieuse, dont nous avons vu les mérites et l'intérêt, ne seront, certes, pas déçus par la fréquentation du second. Gabriel Le Bras y retrace les grands cadres d'une Sociologie de la Pratique Française et compte quatre chapitres : l'un, de généralités, qui se subdivise en trois sections : la première, posant les problèmes de pratique dont la solution relève, ou peut relever, de la géographie humaine ou de cette morphologie sociale dont Maurice Halbwachs s'était fait, au sein de notre école de sociologie, le propagandiste convaincu ; la. seconde, évaluant la forcé des pressions qu'exercent sur les membres de la communauté naturelle ces trois grands engins d'unification : l'Eglise, l'Etat, la Civilisation, dont l'accord, s'il était réalisé, tendrait à produire automatiquement l'unanimité des attitudes ; la troisième, étudiant les discordances, les crises, les impuissances qui contrarient en fait, si souvent, cette action discordante et, donc, qui réagissent directement sur l'état de la pratique.
La paix de 1919 a-t-èlle engendré la guerre de 1940 ?
Authors: Mantoux Etienne
Published: October 2008

Les pages qu'on va lire sont tirées d'un ouvrage intitulé La Paix calomniée, tout récemment paru aux éditions de la N. R. F. : ce livre a déjà eu un grand retentissement en Angleterre et en Amérique, sous le titre de The Carthaginian Peace or The Economic Consequences of Mr Keynes. Son auteur, Etienne Mantoux, jeune économiste de grande promesse, a été tué dans les derniers jours de la guerre, pendant la marche de la division Leclerc sur Berchtesgaden. Ce qu'il a voulu, —. en soumettant à une critique méthodique impitoyable l'ouvrage célèbre de Keynes sur Les Conséquences Economiques de la Paix dont l'influence a été si considérable et reste fortement marquée dans les esprits en Angleterre et en Amérique, — c'est barrer la route à des erreurs et à des malentendus qui n'ont pas peu contribué, entre les deux guerres, à rendre possible une nouvelle catastrophe.
Survivances de pratiques communautaires dans l'agriculture limousine
Authors: Perrier Antoine
Published: October 2008

Les pratiques communautaires étaient de règle dans l'agriculture des pays de champs ouverts. Elles s'observent aussi en certains pays, comme le Limousin, où dominent les, champs clos. Sur les « coutures, — lieux défrichés (au milieu d'autres restés longtemps stériles), — les champs cultivés, les « terres » constituent des zones de plusieurs dizaines d'hectares, où les champs sont ouverts et où l'on retrouve lés pratiques communautaires des pays de champs ouverts.
Les publications anglaises d'histoire économique et sociale de 1940 à 1944
Authors: Lennard Reginald
Published: October 2008

Dans le domaine de l'histoire économique et sociale, comme en beaucoup d'autres, la guerre a fatalement retardé et réduit la publication de travaux originaux en Grande-Bretagne. Nombre d'érudits ont dû abandonner leurs tâches du temps de paix pour une besogne liée directement à la guerre. Il fallut mettre les manuscrits à l'abri, au moins relatif, des bombardements aériens : de nombreux documents devinrent ainsi inaccessibles. Le manque de papier et de main-d'œuvre, dans les imprimeries et les ateliers de reliure, rendit l'édition difficile. Cependant, une œuvre importante a été accomplie. Même au cours des années de la bataille la plus intense (1940-1944), — auxquelles cet article est consacré, en raison de la rupture des relations culturelles franco-anglaises qui les marqua, — notre savoir a été accru. Ses progrès ont été lents, irréguliers, ils n'ont jamais cessé.
Les sondages d'opinion aux États-Unis
Authors: Friedmann Georges
Published: October 2008

L'ouvrage de M. J.-J. Bruner, qui fut, à Paris, après la Libération, l'actif directeur du Bureau des Relations Culturelles rattaché aux Services américains d'Information, met en oeuvre les techniques de psychologie de l'opinion publique élaborées depuis 1935 aux États-Unis: Les quatre organismes les plus importants situés dans ce pays ont concouru à lui fournir sa documentation. L'Institut Gallup, le plus connu en France, est installé à Princeton, où un groupe de vingt-cinq sociologues et statisticiens dirigent les recherches, et possède un millier de correspondants répartis sur l'ensemble du territoire. Les enquêtes systématiques de la revue Fortune ont commencé en même temps que celles du docteur Gallup et ont été lancées par le succès de leurs prévisions aux élections présidentielles de 1936 et .aux consultations ultérieures. Plus récemment, le « National Opinion Research Genter » (N. O. R. G.), créé en igii, limite ses investigations à des questions économiques et sociales, et, depuis! sa fondation, a réalisé une cinquantaine d'enquêtes par an.