bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross-cultural study of English and Chinese online platform reviews: A genre-based view
Authors: Zhu Yunxia , Ma Laikun , Jiang Ruochen
Published: April 2019

Regardless of the increasing research attention paid to peer-to-peer accommodation worldwide, our understanding of consumer experiences across different languages and cultures is limited. Extant research tends to support the view that consumer experiences are homogeneous, while overlooking possible cultural divergence across cultures. To fill this gap, this study uses a cross-cultural perspective based on genre analysis and cross-cultural rhetoric study to compare English and Chinese reviews about users’ peer-to-peer accommodation experiences in two popular platforms in China, Airbnb and Xiaozhu (China’s Airbnb platform). Through analyzing 584 online reviews (256 in Chinese and 328 in English), we found similar moves in both sets of data, including reviews about the accommodation and about the host, expressing feelings, and making a recommendation. However, we found significant differences in expressing these moves in communication styles. We found that there was a stronger sense of a close and family- like relationship between the guest and the host in the Chinese reviews, while English reviews stressed the importance of space and privacy.
Gastrointestinal and liver diseases and atrial fibrillation: a review of the literature
Authors: Long Michelle T. , Ko Darae , Arnold Lindsay M. , Trinquart Ludovic , Sherer Jason A. , Keppel Sunny-Skye , Benjamin Emelia J. , Helm Robert H.
Published: April 2019

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A number of risk factors have been associated with AF, though few studies have explored the association between gastrointestinal and liver diseases and AF. Additionally, AF and treatment for AF may predispose to gastrointestinal and liver diseases. We review the current literature on the bidirectional associations between gastrointestinal and liver diseases and AF. We highlight the gaps in knowledge and areas requiring future investigation.
What are the roles of community health workers? Looking back at the philosophies of primary health care
Authors: Niang Marietou
Published: April 2019

This commentary discusses the different roles of community health workers (CHWs), their challenges and limitations in a historical perspective of primary health care (PHC). We first try to show that the comprehensive philosophy of PHC promulgated in Alma-Ata proposed the role of CHWs as actors who work in community development. On the other hand, in the 1980s, with the emergence of the selective philosophy of PHC, CHWs’ role was more affiliated with the health system. We conclude our pitch about the balance that can exist between these different roles by suggesting that CHWs can work in continuity with the health system, but they should not be considered as affordable labor. Also, they must be supported in their activities to develop their communities, allowing them to participate effectively in programs and policies that concern them and their community.
The Dick Pic: Harassment, Curation, and Desire
Authors: Paasonen Susanna , Light Ben , Jarrett Kylie
Published: April 2019

The combined rise of digital photography and social media has expanded what might be considered photo worthy. Among the pouting selfies and food stuffs of the day exists the ubiquitous dick pic. The mainstream media generally focuses on dick pics of the unsolicited kind, which, negatively positioned, are commonly associated with heterosexual harassment. Considering the ubiquity of dick pics across apps and platforms, research on the topic nevertheless remains scarce. In this article, we examine the dick pic as an online communicative form, first considering how it manifests the ability to harass and then moving beyond this dominant framing to analysis of contexts where such images are collated, expected, and sought after. Through this analysis of dick pics as figures and actors of harassment, curation, and desire, we demonstrate the simultaneous tenacity and flexibility of their meanings in connection with the dynamics of consent and non-consent, intimacy and distance, and complex circuits of desire. We further address the role of platforms, apps, and app stores, via their community standards and terms of use, in shaping the nature, and presence, of dick pics, and discuss the affective and communicative functions that these affordances serve (or fail to serve). Our analysis of three key modes of engagement with dick pics demonstrates the ambiguity and multiple valences of the phenomenon addressed.
The influences of family background and structural factors on children’s academic performances: A cross-country comparative study
Authors: Lyu Mengjie , Li Wangyang , Xie Yu
Published: April 2019

It is well known that children’s academic performances are affected by both their family backgrounds and contextual or structural factors such as the urban–rural difference and regional variation. This article evaluates the relative importance of family background versus structural factors in determining children’s academic achievements across three different societies: China, the United States of America, and Germany, analyzing data from five large-scale, high-quality, and nationally representative data sets. The results reveal two main findings: (a) family socioeconomic status exerts much stronger positive effects on children’s academic achievement in the USA and Germany than in China; and (b) structural factors (such as those measured by location and urban/rural residence) play much smaller roles in the USA and Germany than in China.
The DePuy Proxima™ short stem for total hip arthroplasty – Excellent outcome at a minimum of 7 years
Authors: Gombár Csaba , Janositz Gábor , Friebert Gábor , Sisák Krisztián
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

Metaphyseal, proximally anchored uncemented stems for total hip arthroplasty provide bone preservation and decrease the incidence of proximal stress shielding and thigh pain. Our study investigated the clinical and radiological outcome of the DePuy Proxima™ short stem at a minimum of 7 years.

Methods:

Eighty-one consecutive patients (86 procedures) under the age of 70 undergoing primary total hip replacement at two arthroplasty centres were enrolled. Follow-up was clinical (Harris Hip Score (HHS), thigh pain and satisfaction) and radiological (subsidence, malalignment and loosening) at 6 months and yearly thereafter.

Results:

Average age was 50 (range 32–65) with 79% (68 of 86) being male. Preoperative diagnosis included primary osteoarthritis (OA) 36%, avascular necrosis of femoral head 51%, dysplasia 9% and post-traumatic OA 4%. HHS improved 51 points at latest follow-up (from 40 to 91). We had 3.5% (3 of 86) periprosthetic fractures, one requiring revision. We had one dislocation, no infections and no thigh pain. Malalignment rate (≥5° off neutral) was 12% (10 of 86), not affecting clinical results.

Conclusion:

Overall stem survival was over 97% at 7 years. The DePuy Proxima provides excellent clinical results at a minimum of 7 years post-operatively.
Comparison Between 2 Types of Radiofrequency Ablation Systems in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Faruque Ryan , Matthews Brent , Bahho Zaid , Doma Kenji , Manoharan Varaguna , Wilkinson Matthew , McEwen Peter
Published: April 2019

Background:

Radiofrequency ablation is commonly used in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR). New technology devices incorporating a plasma bubble may generate lower intra-articular temperatures and be more efficient.

Purpose:

To compare a plasma ablation device with a standard ablation device in arthroscopic RCR to determine which system is superior in terms of intra-articular heat generation and diathermy efficiency.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

This was a single-center randomized controlled trial. The inclusion criteria were adult patients undergoing primary RCR. Patients were randomized preoperatively to the standard ablation group (n = 20) or plasma ablation group (n = 20). A thermometer was inserted into the shoulder joint during surgery, and the temperature, surgery, and diathermy times of radiofrequency ablation were measured continually.

Results:

No significant differences were found between the standard ablation group and plasma ablation group for maximum temperature (38.20°C and 39.38°C, respectively; P = .433), mean temperature (31.66°C and 30.64°C, respectively; P = .757), minimum temperature (21.83°C and 23.45°C, respectively; P = .584), and baseline temperature (28.49°C and 29.94°C, respectively; P = .379). Similarly, no significant differences were found for surgery time (74 and 75 minutes, respectively; P = .866) and diathermy time (10 minutes for both; P = .678). Seven patients registered transient high temperatures greater than 45°C.

Conclusion:

There was no difference between plasma ablation and standard ablation in terms of intra-articular temperature in the joint and diathermy efficiency. Transient high intra-articular temperatures occurred in both groups.

Registration:

ACTRN1261300056970 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry).
Job Characteristics, Job Preferences, and Physical and Mental Health in Later Life
Authors: Hardie Jessica Halliday , Daw Jonathan , Gaddis S. Michael
Published: April 2019

Existing research linking socioeconomic status with work focuses primarily on the precursors (educational attainment) and outcomes (income) of work, rather than asking how diverse facets of work influence health. Using four waves of data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, the authors evaluate whether multiple measures of respondent job characteristics, respondent preferences for those characteristics, and their interaction substantially improve the fit of sociological models of men’s and women’s physical and mental health at midlife and old age compared with traditional models using educational attainment, parental socioeconomic status, and income. The authors find that nonwage job characteristics predict men’s and women’s physical and mental health over the life course, although there is little evidence that the degree to which one’s job accords with one’s job preferences matters for health. These findings expand what is known about how work matters for health, demonstrating how the manner and condition under which one works has lasting impacts on well-being.
An overview of optical coherence tomography angiography and the posterior pole
Authors: Onishi Alex C. , Fawzi Amani A.
Published: April 2019

Optical coherence tomography angiography is a relatively new, noninvasive technology that has revolutionized imaging of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature. This technology is based on the detection of movement or changes that represent moving red cells in sequential optical coherence tomography scans. As with other established imaging technologies, it has unique benefits as well as certain disadvantages, which include a limited field of view and vulnerability to imaging artifacts. However, software and hardware improvements are continually evolving to mitigate these limitations. Optical coherence tomography angiography has been used to gain a better understanding of microvascular changes across a spectrum of ocular diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and retinal vein occlusions. In this article, we review algorithms and techniques commonly utilized in optical coherence tomography angiography systems and compare optical coherence tomography angiography to fluorescein angiography, the current gold standard for imaging the retinal vasculature. In addition, we provide an overview of important optical coherence tomography angiography findings in a variety of ocular diseases. Although the clinical role of this technology is still poorly defined, optical coherence tomography angiography has the potential to become an invaluable tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of vascular pathologies.
Epistemologia do nudes: pornô-grafias, criação e ficção de si.
Authors: Souza Peter Franco
Published: April 2019

Este texto explora as ideias de educação pornô, fazendo uma análise da pedagogia da educação sexual popular pensando o cinema, os filmes pornôs, a imprensa e a internet prescrevem a história dos nossos corpos; as novas tecnologias cibernéticas; e as novas possibilidades de performance de si por meio da criação e popularização em massa da nudez na internet. O nudes é um novo tipo de nudez, ou performance de corpo, que congrega em si o privado e o público, original e cópia, criação e reprodução. O texto pesquisa as imagens da nudez em busca de compreender seus efeitos sociais, estéticos e políticos na criação de si.
Lélia Gonzalez: uma filósofa brasileira abalando as estruturas
Authors: Tolentino Joana
Published: April 2019

O foco desse texto é a produção filosófica de mulheres, em especial a filosofia de Lélia Gonzalez. Em seus livros e artigos, essa filósofa brasileira falou sobre linguagem, descolonização, identidade amefricana, combate ao racismo, feminismo, interseccionalidade. Ela criou conceitos e, esgarçando os limites da filosofia, fez dela caminho fértil para pensar a vida e o momento presente. Esse escrito é parte de uma pesquisa sobre as filósofas, cujo objetivo é dar maior visibilidade às obras das mulheres, com a finalidade de incluí-las no cânone filosófico e nos currículos e programas de ensino de filosofia.
Perspectivas ecofeministas da ciência e do conhecimento: a crítica ao viés andro-antropocéntrico
Authors: Puleo Alicia
Published: April 2019

Perspectivas ecofeministas da ciência e do conhecimento: a crítica ao viés andro-antropocêntrico - Alicia H. PuleoTradução de Dr. Carlos Fils PuigRevisão de Profª Dra. Rebeca Furtado de Melo – Colégio Pedro II
Giving midwives some ‘me’ time
Authors: Barker Karen
Published: April 2019

Although the midwife's role is to care for others, it is important that they also know how to care for themselves. Karen Barker explains why ‘me’ time for midwives is so important
The Ups of Down Syndrome
Authors: Enoch Nicola
Published: April 2019

Parents who are told that their child has Down Syndrome face many challenges and preconceptions. Nicola Enoch from Positive About Down Syndrome shares how health professionals can help families
Midwives' perceptions of their role in mode of birth decisions
Authors: Muthige Noluthando , James Sindiwe , Morton David
Published: April 2019

Background

Midwives play an important role as advocates and guides for women in labour regarding their choice of mode of birth. However, there is a paucity of research exploring midwives' perceptions of their role in how women make this choice.

Aim

To explore and describe how midwives perceive their role in facilitating the choice of mode of birth of women in labour at public sector birthing units.

Method

A quantitative, exploratory-descriptive design was used. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 288 midwives in public birthing units in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Findings

The majority of the participants agreed that women in labour should be allowed to choose their preferred mode of birth. However, nearly half felt that care providers could overrule that decision depending on the health of the mother and the baby.

Conclusion

Midwives perceived themselves as the main role players in assisting women in labour to make an informed decision regarding the mode of birth that would best suit their circumstances.
Funciones del reconocimiento en la práctica educativa
Authors: Cuesta Moreno Oscar Julián
Published: April 2019

El artículo analiza las funciones que cumple el reconocimiento en la práctica educativa, para lo cual expone la teoría sobre el reconocimiento. Desde allí, problematiza la conceptualización del reconocimiento mostrando que es una realización que supera la valoración social, puesto que es producto de un historial de vínculos intersubjetivos, para ello se usan construcciones conceptuales del psicoanálisis y la biología del conocimiento. Con este entramado conceptual, busca argumentar que el reconocimiento es un núcleo que constituye la subjetividad al establecer en el sujeto principios de interpretación que asignan relevancia a las valoraciones que hacen los otros sujetos. Siguiendo este postulado, expone el concepto de desprecio y de lucha por el reconocimiento. Finalmente, muestra que el acto educativo, como dinámica intersubjetiva, tiene como cimiento el tipo de reconocimiento que se establezca entre el docente y el estudiante, el cual de manera ideal deberá estar sostenido en el conocimiento (lo que se enseña y lo que el otro quiere aprender).
Los múltiples significados de la «complejidad cerebral»
Authors: Blanco-Pérez Carlos
Published: April 2019

Este artículo examina las dificultades asociadas a la búsqueda de una caracterización universal y rigurosa del concepto de «complejidad cerebral». La conclusión principal apunta a la necesidad de aceptar una tensión creadora entre las dimensiones cuantitativa y cualitativa de la complejidad cerebral.
¿Puede ser ecológico el estilo moderno de vida?
Authors: Conill-Sancho Jesús
Published: April 2019

Se trata de responder a la pregunta sobre la posibilidad de un estilo de vida ecológico en las condiciones de la vida moderna; es decir, teniendo en cuenta la condición técnica y económica del hombre, la tecnologización de la sociedad, la nueva cultura económica basada en el crecimiento económico, la ilimitada producción y el imperio del consumo. Como vía de solución se propone una ética universal de la responsabilidad solidaria para un ethos ecológico, capaz de superar el habitual dilema entre los valores del biocentrismo y del humanismo.
La bio-ecología de Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Alonso Fernández Marcos
Published: April 2019

En este artículo trataremos de reflexionar, con la ayuda del filósofo español Ortega y Gasset, sobre la posibilidad de una bio-ecología que problematice algunos de los enfoques y premisas habitualmente asumidos en ecología. Tras mostrar que la filosofía orteguiana es una filosofía radicalmente ecológica —y una pionera en este aspecto—, mostraremos cómo las categorías de la razón vital armonizan perfectamente con algunos de los más recientes desarrollos biológicos que nos exigen pensar en conexión más estrecha a organismos y entornos.
Entender al ser humano desde lo orgánico. La propuesta de Jonas y Plessner
Authors: Gutierro Carrasco Juan Jesús
Published: April 2019

La cuestión de la relación del hombre con la naturaleza ha sido abordada desde múltiples ópticas a lo largo de la historia del pensamiento. Se ofrece en este artículo la propuesta de los pensadores Hans Jonas y Helmuth Plessner quienes sitúan al hombre enraizado en el dinamismo natural, acentuando, con Jonas, su responsabilidad moral con y sobre este.
El cansancio antropológico en el imaginario actual y la transmisión de la fe. Análisis filosófico y teológico
Authors: García Mourelo Santiago
Published: April 2019

El este ensayo, describe uno de los elementos del imaginario contemporáneo: el cansancio antropológico, según los análisis del filósofo y sociólogo Byung-Chul Han y convergente con las aportaciones del antropólogo David Le Breton. Desde este trasfondo cultural y antropológico, y con el ánimo de liberar de sus consecuencias, el logos de la fe propone la educación del deseo y la esperanza, con el fin de ampliar el horizonte de compresión de lo humano y ofrecer vías de solución.
Phytotherapy: An anti-hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective approach in chemotherapy
Authors: Ghanadi Koroush , Hasanvand Afshin , Abbaszadeh Saber , Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , Suhan Tahra
Published: April 2019

Chemotherapy induced-hepatotoxicity is one of the prevalent problems among cancer patients, with a wide spectrum of complications from liver dysfunction to liver necrosis. Therefore, in this study, we review the research findings on the effects of medicinal herbs and herbal compounds on the hepatotoxicity induced by anticancer drugs. The words hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective along with the words cancer drug or chemotherapy in combination with some herbal terms such as medicinal plant, phyto* and herb* were used to search for relevant publications indexed in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and PubMed. Available evidence shows that certain medicinal plants and herbal derivatives can reduce cancer drug-induced hepatotoxicity and protect liver cells against complications by regulating hepatic enzymes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Some herbal formulations, including traditional Chinese medicine, have also been reported to exhibit such effects. Medicinal plants can exert anti-hepatotoxicity effects mainly by increasing antioxidant activity, inhibiting inflammatory processes, and reducing cell necrosis induced by anti-cancer drugs. Phytotherapy can be used as an effective complementary treatment for anticancer drug-induced hepatotoxicity and prevent various complications in the liver.
Dental Status and Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Elderly Population in Relation to Socioeconomic Factors in Republika Srpska
Authors: Radović Igor , Davidović Lado , Krunić Jelena , Stojanović Nikola
Published: April 2019

: Introduction The aim of this study was to determine dental status and prosthetic rehabilitation in elderly population in relation to socioeconomic factors in Republika Srpska.

Material and Methods The study included 262 subjects (133 males and 129 females) aged 65-74 years. Dental status was assessed using DMFT index and its components (D - decayed, M - extracted, F - filled tooth) and analysed in relation to socioeconomic factors: gender, level of education and monthly income. Prosthetic restorations were recorded for both jaws in accordance with criteria of the World Health Organisation.

Results The mean DMFT was 27.2. Females had the highest DMFT index score (29.1) while highly educated subjects had the lowest score (22.7). The mean number of missing teeth was 22.7. There were 28.2% edentulous respondents. Significant difference in the number of edentulous persons was recorded in relation to gender, education and monthly income. In total, 16.8% of subjects had functional dentition (≥20 natural teeth). 48.5% and 32.1% of elderly respondents were found to have at least one form of prosthetic restoration in upper and lower jaw, respectively. Complete dentures were the most common prosthetic restorations.

Conclusion Socioeconomic factors influenced dental status in elderly population. Removable dentures were more common restorations compared to crowns and bridges.
Culture in Health Care in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Stevanović Ivan , Gajić-Stevanović Milena , Aleksić Jovana
Published: April 2019

Culture encompasses entire societies, influences everything we feel, see, do and believe and shape the way we approach the world around us. Culture is an inseparable part of human existence and as such an important part of health and health care. The aim of this paper was to present specific forms of culture in health care that have influence on the quality of health care system, as well as to investigate in which capacity is work on culture in the health care system in Serbia represented. National and international literature and documentation was processed using analytical methods - observation and comparative method. Health culture as responsibility of health care users and culture in health care as responsibility of health care employees are key factors in improving the health system in Serbia. The most important step has been made with the strategic plan of the Government of the Republic of Serbia in 2010, however, everyone has to accept and understand the importance of culture in health care and apply its rules into the practise.
The Prevalence of Malocclusion among 11–13 Years Old Children in Foča/ Učestalost ortodontskih nepravilnosti kod dece uzrasta 11–13 godina u Foči
Authors: Ivanović Tanja , Ivanović Dragan , Nikolić Predrag , Janković Svjetlana , Davidović Bojana , Grujičić Ivana
Published: April 2019

Introduction Malocclusion is common in children and it has great influence on the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among 11-13 years old children in the municipality of Foca in Republika Srpska.

Material and Methods The study included 81 respondents, 11-13 years old. It was conducted in elementary schools in the municipality of Foča. Respondents underwent clinical examination, alginate impressions of upper and lower jaws were taken and study models analyzed. To determine malocclusion (crowding, spacing, cross bite, deep bite, open bite and occlusion class as per Angle) ICON index (Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need) was used.

Results The results showed that 17.3% of respondents had spacing between teeth, 80.2% crowding, 23.4% cross bite, 29.6% deep bite while open bite was present in 2.4% of patients. Occlusion II/1 class by Angle was present in 38.3% of respondents, II/2 class in 12.3% of respondents, Class I occlusion in 40.7% of respondents and III class was found in 2.4% of respondents.

Conclusion There was high prevalence of malocclusion in the examined children. It is necessary to implement prevention programs, early treatment of dental caries, prevent premature tooth loss as well as measures of interceptive orthodontics in order to reduce frequency of malocclusion
Orthodontic Diagnosis Based on Schwarz Analysis among the Population of Republika Srpska
Authors: Arbutina Adriana , Savić Marijana Arapović , Davidović Mirjana Umićević , Radman Irena Kuzmanović
Published: April 2019

Introduction In order to establish an accurate diagnosis and proper therapy planning in orthodontics, it is necessary to perform the analysis of transverse and sagittal dental arch development in relation to the facial type of the patient. The aim of this study was to determine sagittal and transverse parameters of dental arches in the population of Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) based on Schwarz analysis.

Material and Methods Facial type was determined in 300 patients of both genders, aged 18 to 25, with class I occlusion. After taking impressions of the upper and lower jaw, cast study models were poured and used to determine basic sagittal and transverse parameters of dental arches. The obtained values were compared with the values defined by Schwarz in order to determine the existence of certain variations.

Results Out of 300 subjects, 50.33% were dolichofacial, 30.76% were mesofacial and 19.00% were brachyfacial. The average values of anterior width, posterior width and height of dental arch in patients with all three types of face showed lower range of values compared to the values defined by Schwarz, who determined his values by examining the same parameters in the population of Vienna. These parameters did not show linear proportional increase with the increase of the sum of upper incisors, what is the case with the values defined by Schwarz.

Conclusion The results of this study showed significant differences compared to Schwarz’s values. Modification of the size and shape of dental arch leads to changes in the appearance of patient’s face. Therefore, an individual approach during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning must be present despite the great importance of biometric standards.
History of Medicine in Jagodina District
Authors: Jeremić Marko , Vuković Ana , Stanojlović Ninoslav , Vuković Rade , Marković Dejan
Published: April 2019

The first record of scientific medicine in Serbia has been found in the early of 12th century. For centuries lifestyle, nutrition, natural environment, armies passing through, cultural heritage, and prejudice have affected healthcare in Serbia. Until 1820, Serbia has not had any educated doctor. Fourteen district physicians from 1839 and Dr. Karlo Beloni, to the last one, Dr. Selimir Djordjević – have spent part of their professional careers in Jagodina. All of them have had influence on raising health culture of Jagodina and its population and helped to overcome easily and quickly all existing diseases and epidemics. The Jagodina Hospital has been working without interruption for 147 years and represents one of the oldest healthcare institutions in Serbia.
Structural characteristics and mechanisms of fluorapatite mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Jokanović Vukoman , Čolović Božana , Sandić-Živković Marija , Bajić Marijana Popović , Živković Slavoljub
Published: April 2019

This paper analyzes mechanisms of fluorapatite mechanochemical synthesis and its structural characteristics. Several studies of Jokanovic et al. published in appropriate journals and the book “Nanomedicine, the biggest challenge of the 21st century” are the base for this article. Characteristics of obtained materials show numerous biological advantages associated with the specific structural design of material during the process of synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) were used for studying the processes of fluorapatite synthesis.
Dental pulp pain in young and postmenopausal women: a pilot study
Authors: Krunić Jelena , Mladenović Irena , Stojanović Nikola
Published: April 2019

Introduction This pilot study was aimed to compare pulpal pain provoked by electrical and thermal (cold) stimuli in healthy young women during various phases of menstrual cycle and postmenopausal women.

Material and methods The study included 20 regularly menstruating healthy women and 20 postmenopausal women. Electrical (electrical pulp tester) and cold (refrigerant spray) stimuli were performed on mandibular central incisors, twice in regularly menstruating (menstrual and luteal phases) and once in postmenopausal women. Results were expressed as pain threshold values for electrical pulp stimulation (0-80 units) and pain intensity scores (visual numeric scale, from 0 to 10) for cold stimulation.

Results In young women, higher pain electrical threshold (p=0.484) and pain sensitivity score (p=0.015) were observed in luteal in comparison to menstrual phase. In postmenopausal women, electrical pain threshold was significantly higher while pain intensity score was significantly lower than in young women, regardless of the menstrual phase and painful stimuli.

Conclusion Lower responsiveness to dental pulp pain was obtained in young women in luteal phase and postmenopausal women.
Original article. Dental and Jaws Status in Pre-historic Human Population of the Gomolava Site
Authors: Grga Đurica , Mikić Ilija , Lisul Bogdan , Zlopaša Tamara , Dželetović Bojan
Published: April 2019

Introduction Knowledge of biological and cultural heritage represents a significant basis for the advance of human civilization. The aim of this study was to determine and define dental health status of pre-historic people of the Vinca culture.

Material and method Study included twenty skeleton remnants of different gender and age from anthropological series of Gomolava. Skeletons originated from one necropolis and two individual graves dating from mid and early Neolithic periods of the Vinca culture. Based on radiocarbon analysis absolute skeletal age was determined to date within the periods from 5848±38 to 5739±35 BC. Preservation of skeletons varied from completely preserved skulls and jaws to fragmented parts of jaws. Data analysis was performed with methodology used in the research of human population teeth and jaws from the Lepenski Vir culture.

Results Results showed high level of teeth abrasion (98,1%), medium level of dental calculus deposits (44,9%), low level of tooth decay, significant number of retained roots, as well as the occurrence of periapical lesions and periodontal disease within the neolith population of Gomolava site.

Conclusion Taking into account absolute age of examined skeletons, collected data are very significant, from the perspective of its wide content. From a pathological perspective, teeth abrasion stands out as a dominant feature, while tooth decay fits within standard values for human population of the neolith period.
Thinking Outside the Petrographic Box: Application of Petrographic Techniques to Investigation of Failure between Composites of Cement-Based and Non-Cement-Based Materials
Authors: Sturm Ronald D. , Langdon Jamison T.
Published: April 2019

For more than a century, the construction industries have utilized petrographic techniques to evaluate the composition, characteristics, and quality of concrete, mortar, and other hydraulic cement-based construction materials. The analysis is performed under ASTM C856-18a, Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete. This method provides a guideline for the examination and analysis of concrete (or mortar) to describe composition and characteristics of the mineral constituents and, in some circumstances, to investigate the causes of distress. Although the practice historically is based on visual and microscopical techniques, it allows the petrographer freedom to design the study to meet the needs of the investigation. The practice allows for the use of nonmicroscopical techniques to supplement the study. Such ancillary techniques may include X-ray spectrometry, computer-assisted imaging and analysis, and a variety of inorganic and organic chemical analyses. Such ancillary methods have been used successfully in conjunction with traditional petrographic examinations to investigate characteristics and properties of the concrete and to determine the use or omission of specified constituents or additives. Petrographic techniques, traditionally used for the study of cementitious materials, have been applied to the study of failures of bonded materials, such as coatings, adhesives, and other surface-applied materials that may or may not be cementitious in nature. In these investigations, it is not uncommon that microscopical techniques are supplemented by one or more ancillary techniques to properly determine the causes or contributing factors to failure. This paper includes three case studies in which we determined the explanations for failure between two or more separate materials only through the combination of microscopy and other ancillary techniques. The issues of whether such study of composite systems, not entirely composed of cementitious materials, can be said to have been performed in accordance with all or a portion of ASTM C856 are discussed.
Ian Segers, animateur en éthique organisationnelle
Authors: Jean Marc , Desjardins France
Published: April 2019

Les enjeux éthiques surgissent dans nos pratiques sans s’annoncer et soulèvent bien des questions! EnPME par exemple, quels sont les critères d’achat pour un produit? Le moins cher ou le plus écologique?Bien souvent, on ne se doute pas qu’une partie de la décision est de nature éthique. Pourtant les valeurs,même si elles sont souvent silencieuses, donnent un sens à nos décisions, à notre travail, à nos vies. Unpraticien de l’accompagnement en éthique peut intervenir en appui à des équipes dans l’expérimentationd’une démarche éthique. D’où l’idée retenue par Ian Segers : pour lui, co-construire du sens pour endonner à nos actions devient un exercice capital. Le voici dans un entretien qu’il a bien voulu accorder àO&T, sur et à partir de sa pratique.
Anterior hypopituitarism secondary to biopsy-proven IgG4-related hypophysitis in a young man
Authors: Joshi H , Hikmat M , Devadass A P , Oyibo S O , Sagi S V
Published: April 2019

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory condition which can affect various organs including the pituitary gland. The true annual incidence of this condition remains widely unknown. In addition, it is unclear whether IgG4 antibodies are causative or the end result of a trigger. With no specific biomarkers available, the diagnosis of IgG4-related hypophysitis remains a challenge. Additionally, there is a wide differential diagnosis. We report a case of biopsy-proven IgG4-related hypophysitis in a young man with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Learning points:

IgG4-related hypophysitis is part of a spectrum of IgG4-related diseases.

Clinical manifestations result from anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies with or without diabetes insipidus, which can be temporary or permanent.

A combination of clinical, radiological, serological and histological evidence with careful interpretation is required to make the diagnosis.

Tissue biopsy remains the gold standard investigation.

Disease monitoring and long-term management of this condition is a challenge as relapses occur frequently.
Gustavo Vergara Arias. Lima, 1926-2006
Authors: Quiroz Chueca Francisco
Published: April 2019

Gustavo Vergara nació en Lima el 8 de diciembre de 1926, hijo de Cipriano Vergara y Clemencia Arias. Estudió de manera paralela Educación e Historia en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos con, entre otros maestros, Emilio Barrantes, Alberto Tauro del Pino, Raúl Porras Barrenechea y, sobre todo, Carlos Daniel Valcárcel, quien inspiró en él la vocación por los estudios de la independencia peruana que guiarán su actividad académica durante toda su vida. Luego de graduarse de Profesor en 1953 e Historiador en 1955, Gustavo Vergara continúa sus estudios profesionales de Educación y de Historia graduándose en 1962 de Doctor en Educación y Doctor en Historia. Su primera tesis en Historia versó sobre el prócer Juan Santos Alarcón (1955) mientras que la tesis doctoral en Historia la dedicó a Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzmán (1962). Fue profesor de Historia en las universidades de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, San Marcos y Villarreal. En esta última universidad ocupó el cargo de rector.
La geografía en un mundo postmoderno. Los debates teóricos y metodológicos en el siglo XXI
Authors: Beraún Chaca John James
Published: April 2019

La presente investigación aborda dos tendencias divergentes que contribuyen en la construcción de la geografía, la geografía cuantitativa y la geografía radical. La primera aborda el análisis de los procesos geográficos desde la perspectiva numérica, basado en las matemáticas, estadística e informática. La segunda tendencia tiene un enfoque predominantemente social y prioriza los estudios de la desigualdad social y espacial. Sin embargo, estudios recientes demuestran que existe, entre ambos, un complemento teórico-metodológico. La geografía radical prioriza la construcción conceptual y la geografía cuantitativa la construcción de metodologías. Por ello, el presente estudio aborda el hibrido, de teoría y metodología, resultantes de la convergencia de estas dos tendencias, la generación de nuevas formas de análisis de los procesos sociales y la redefinición y reconstrucción del aspecto metodológico y conceptual de la ciencia geográfica actual.
Otros gustos, otas costumbres y otros consumos Los microempresarios frente a los megamercados
Authors: Jacinto Pazos Pedro
Published: April 2019

Las expresiones socioculturales que se observan en los espacios de los supermercados están generando una serie de transformaciones en las racionalidades de los individuos como producto de las formas de consumo que se establecen al interior y exterior de estos lugares de venta. Es decir, se disponen actualmente de otras formas de interacciones humanas, que si bien pasan por relaciones mercantiles, recrean otros procesos y estilos en la vida cotidiana de los consumidores cuyo aspecto básico tiene referentes en la cultura, tanto en la diversión, la música y la danza como en los disímiles gustos y formas de autopercibir el mundo de la modernización que gran parte de los microempresarios asumen en forma continua por su recurrencia a estos megamercados.
Representaciones del cancer de cuello uterino y su relacion con la sexualidad femenina. Las voces de los actores politicos y de la sociedad civil de Ayacucho, Lima, Piura y Ucayali en el marco de la introduccion de una nueva vacuna
Authors: Cristobal Irene
Published: April 2019

En el Perú, el cáncer de cuello uterino es la segunda causa de muerte por neoplasias en las mujeres. En el marco de la reciente introducción comercial en nuestro país de la vacuna contra este tipo de cáncer, se presenta este documento que muestra las representaciones del cáncer de cuello uterino y su inserción en el imaginario correspondiente a la sexualidad de los líderes y tomadores de decisiones locales (autoridades políticas, representantes de ONG, autoridades eclesiásticas, dirigentes comunales, profesionales de medios de comunicación, etc) como un marco que podría o no favorecer la introducción de la vacunación como política de salud. Se recogen las voces de los actores políticos y de la sociedad civil de Ayacucho, Lima, Piura y Ucayali.
Post - Prefacio
Authors: Piel Jean
Published: April 2019

¿Cómo y por qué, hacia 1964, pudo interesarse en la historia del neolatifundismo republicano peruano un joven historiador francés, a tal punto que decidió hacer de dicho asunto su tema de investigación y su tesis de doctorado de Estado sustentada en la Sorbona parisina diez años más tarde? Ya había yo contestado por anticipado a esta pregunta en el prefacio de aquel trabajo, no por narcisismo como algunos habían pensado deducirlo, sino por simple escrúpulo y prurito de historiador, fiel al espíritu de Marc Bloch y por lo tanto deseoso de situar cada esfuerzo de investigación en la historia de su propia generación intelectual y su tiempo. Es lo que hallarán quienes vuelvan a leerla1. Vale la pena recordar que dicho prefacio suscitó en su momento un buen número de equívocos, incluso el del mismo presidente del tribunal o jurado de tesis, y hasta duraderas enemistades. En Perú, en primer lugar, en donde no se habían diluido todavía las secuelas ideológicas de un agrio nacionalismo de guerra fría y por las que algunos llegaron hasta a sospechar que era yo seguramente algún agente del «imperialismo cultural francés». En Francia, en segundo lugar, en donde no cabía aún decir tales cosas: claro, todavía no se había patentado la «ego-historia» como instrumento de promoción en el mercado editorial y académico (incluso para la exportación). Lo que me valió, dicho sea de paso, que se interrumpiese mi carrera, entre 1974 y 1989.
El mercado de la tierra en la Francia preindustrial
Authors: Beaur Gerard
Published: April 2019

Sería probablemente erróneo pretender que la historiografía francesa haya ignorado el problema de la tierra durante los años fastos de la historia rural francesa, digamos durante los treinta años que corrieron de 1950 a 1980. Ocurrió incluso todo lo contrario. El problema de la tierra ocupó un lugar central en las preocupaciones de los historiadores de las zonas rurales, a través de las grandes tesis clásicas que florecieron durante estos años, junto con otro problema clave: el de las crisis que marcaron al Antiguo Régimen1. No obstante, cabe reconocer que la cuestión que concitó el interés de los historiadores fue la distribución de esta propiedad y no su circulación. Así, de las dos perspectivas –estática y cinemática– que ya desde 1946 propusiera Pierre de Saint Jacob, sólo la primera suscitó importantes trabajos2 y ello a pesar de que el iniciador diera el ejemplo, desde 1948, y mucho más todavía con su tesis3. El motivo de esta opción se desprende directamente de los paradigmas que primaban en aquel entonces: la búsqueda de las estructuras y la fe en su inmovilidad, pese a las leves perturbaciones de la coyuntura, las cuales no habrían tenido suficiente intensidad como para poner en peligro los sistemas existentes, por lo menos hasta la Revolución Industrial. La propiedad formaba parte de esa inmovilidad. La tierra circulaba poco y los hombres menos aún, en tanto que el mito de la autosuficiencia causaba estragos en la comunidad de los historiadores. En tales condiciones, el estudio de la propiedad de la tierra apuntaba a determinar la parte correspondiente a los campesinos para medir una fracción de lo que se les quitaba a dichos sectores «rústicos» a través de la renta del suelo, así como el tamaño medio de esta propiedad, para evaluar la proporción de aquellos que eran capaces de alcanzar el famoso umbral de la autosuficiencia.
Arquitectura y contexto arqueológico, sector VIII, Andes "Las Llamas" de Choquequirao
Authors: Echevarría López Gori Tumi , Valencia García Zenobio
Published: April 2019

Este artículo trata acerca de la arquitectura monumental del Sector VIII de Choquequirao, un asentamiento arqueológico complejo ubicado en la cuenca del río Apurímac, en el departamento del Cusco. Este sector es uno de los más importantes de Choquequirao puesto que presenta las únicas decoraciones murales a gran escala reconocidas para un sitio Tawantinsuyu. El resultado final del estudio reveló parámetros formales del crecimiento y desarrollo arquitectónico de este sector, exponiendo las notables relaciones de este proceso con el asentamiento arqueológico general, estableciendo las bases para una definición cultural y un reconocimiento de su posible cronología
La prensa y el discurso político en la historia peruana: algunas consideraciones teóricas y metodológicas
Authors: Morán Daniel , Aguirre María Isabel
Published: April 2019

El discurso que se plasma en las páginas de la prensa escrita representa las ideas, opiniones, argumentos e intereses de mayor importancia de la sociedad que la produce. Así, el estudio de cada una de las hojas impresas en la historia del Perú, es fundamental para comprender el desarrollo y el proceso histórico por el cual nuestro país ha transcurrido. En ese sentido, en esta investigación se realiza un análisis crítico y reflexivo de la prensa, su discurso y la relación que mantiene con el poder político. Además, se propone un modelo teórico y metodológico para su mejor sistematización y utilización en la reconstrucción de la historia peruana.
Hacia una nueva relación entre el Perú y el Japón.
Authors: Terada Teresuke
Published: April 2019

Las relaciones entre Perú y Japón son presentadas por un diplomático japonés quien las enmarca dentro de los dos vectores que tiene en cuenta la política japonesa: cooperación e intercambio multilateral, insistiendo en los lazos humanos de esa relación bilateral y la importancia que tiene América Latina para Japón en lo económico y lo político. Finalmente, se trata brevemente el caso Fujimori y la nueva etapa que se ha iniciado en las relaciones entre Perú y Japón a partir del gobierno de Alan García.
Tratamiento de residuos solidos domesticos y municipales en el distrito de Santa Rosa de Quives ( Canta, Lima)
Authors: Gallarday Bocanegra Tomas Exequiel
Published: April 2019

El manejo y tratamiento dado a los desechos o residuos sólidos domésticos y agrícolas en el distrito de Santa Rosa de Quives, no es igual al que se da a otros servicios públicos. La actual gestión no tiene interés de eliminar técnicamente los residuos sólidos domésticos (RSM), ellos son considerados insignificantes, generados en pequeña escala por la vecindad distrital. El tratamiento en sus facetas de recolección, cargado, transporte, depósito y eliminación es desarrollada en parte por la población, de acuerdo a su grado cultural o conocimiento que tiene sobre el tema, pues ella es la que la genera en los anexos, pueblos y unidades agropecuarias. Inicialmente los RSD son depositados en cilindros y colectores con logotipo municipal, están ubicados en los parques; uno de estos recipientes es recolector de pilas, baterías y vidrios, de todos ellos los RSD son extraídos, cargados, transportados y eliminados en forma irregular, por ello el personal que lo hace se expone a peligros de contaminación
Los fundamentos amazonicos en la antigua religion prehispanica. Los murcielagos en el simbolismo de los chavin
Authors: Wong Robles Antonio Ruben
Published: April 2019

El presente trabajo muestra la relación entre las representaciones más importantes de estilo de la cultura Chavín y la representación grafica del murciélago como representante simbólica de un grupo social de origen eminentemente selvático.
Andenerias y asentamientos tardios en Caraybamba, Apurimac
Authors: Van Dalen Luna Pieter
Published: April 2019

Caraybamba es una localidad apurimeña que mantiene vivas muchas tradiciones culturales ancestrales. Las investigaciones han referido una larga ocupación cultural, con asentamientos Aymaraes en la cima de los cerros que datan del Intermedio tardío. La posterior invasión y anexión al Tahuantinsuyu supone la ampliación de los andenes y la edificación de nuevos sitios como Allaqmarca y Wishkashuta, con fines de control administrativo.