bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Craniocervical Junction Tumors: Neurosurgery Department Experience of “Hôpital Principal De Dakar”
Authors: Diop Sagar , Basse Ababacar , Diallo Souleymane , Tine Ibrahima , Thioub Mbaye , Diop Abdou
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Craniocervical tumors are uncommon but represent a medical emergency for diagnosis and treatment. Their approaches require of course surgical expertise in addition to adapted technical platform. In light of the limited resources available in our practice, we consequently made the decision to share our experience with the surgical treatment of this pathology. Patients and method: We performed a retrospective analysis on eight observations of patients treated in the neurosurgery department of “Hôpital Principal de Dakar” between July 2015 and December 2022 for progressive tumor spinal cord compression at the craniocervical junction. Results: We observed a 10% frequency, a mean age of 39.25 years, and extremes between 8 and 62 years. There was a 0.6 sex ratio. The most common risk factor was type I neurofibromatosis, and one case of Von Hippel-Lindau disease. All of our patients had pyramidal syndrome. Overall, there were 2 tumors with posterolateral extradural site and 4 tumors with extramedullary intradural location, including 2 posterolateral and 2 anterolateral. The location was intramedullary and cerebella-medullary in one case each. The posteromedial occipitocervical approach, which was employed on six patients, was the most utilized method. Five patients had total tumor resection, whereas three had partial resection. Two of our patients had postoperative complications: a worsening of motor deficit and a death following dependence on mechanical ventilation. We only received four histological confirmations for the anatomopathological samples. Our patients' evolution was positive over an average follow-up of 21 months, with neurological improvement and walking autonomy. Conclusion: Tumors affecting the craniocervical junction are still treated surgically. Despite the need for improvement in our working conditions, our results appear to be satisfactory.
Malnutrition Diagnosis Among Cancer Outpatients Using Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool in Nyeri County Referral Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Bundi Dorothy , Chege Peter , Kamuhu Regina
Published: September 2024

Cancer burden remain unacceptably high with global incidence of 19.3 Million and 10million cancer mortalities according to the 2020 global cancer estimates. There has been notable improvement in cancer care in Kenya but malnutrition in cancer patients remain highly under-recognised and the malnutrition screening tools remain under-utilised especially in Nyeri county. The main objective of this study was to determine the malnutrition risk among the cancer outpatients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital using Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool using analytical cross-sectional study design. Sixty one percent of the respondents were female while 39% were male. Breast cancer was the most common cancer type in the population (39%), followed by esophageal and throat cancer at 14.5% and gastric cancer at 14%. Prostate cancer was the most prevalent among the male respondents at 11%. Using the MUST, more than half (51.7%) of the respondents were at a high risk of developing malnutrition, followed by low risk (32.6%) with only 15.7% respondents being at a medium risk of malnutrition. Using the BMI, half of the respondents, (50%) had a normal nutrition status and only 19.8% respondents were underweight. There is a significant difference between classifying nutrition status of cancer patients using BMI and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (P<0.05). Malnutrition Universal Screening tool is easy to use and has the ability to identify the risk of malnutrition among cancer patients and can be adopted in cancer care to improve cancer prognosis and reduce malnutrition rates among cancer patients.
Comparison of Activity Pattern of Zebra (Equus quagga) in Natural and Man-Made Glades in Arusha National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Sulle January , Kahana Ladislaus , Mremi Rudolf , Kiondo Khalfan , Nyakyi Vicent
Published: September 2024

The study on the comparison of activity pattern of zebra in natural and man-made glades was conducted in Arusha National Park to assess group size composition, activity pattern between sexes and age groups. Scan and focal sampling methods were used for data collection. A total of 457 individuals across age and sex groups were observed and recorded. Out of this, 138 individuals were recorded in man-made and 319 individuals in natural glades. The result showed that movement between sex classes in natural glades differed significantly (T=1.85, df=8, P<0.03), and time spent grooming between males and females differed significantly (T=1.85, df=8, P<0.01). Time spent for feeding, resting and other activities such as defecating, urinating and irritating could not differ significantly and as well as formed-made glades. In natural glades, time spent for grooming across age classes differed significantly (F=13.2, df=17, P<0.000), as well for others activities such as (defecating, urinating and irritating) (F=14.0254, df=17, P <0.0003). In man-made glade, time spent for moving across age classes differed significantly (F=8.3945, df=17, P < 0.004), feeding (F=6.0863, df=17, P<0.01), grooming (F=22.02, df=17, P<0.000) and other activities (defecating, urinating and irritating) (F=11.25, df=17, P<0.0011). Generally, much time was spent by zebra feeding between sex classes and across age classes compared to other activities. This implies that feeding is most important for energy requirement, as food resources provide energy to animals.
Foreign Body Trapped in the Oropharynx Requiring Emergency Tonsillectomy in a Case at Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou
Authors: Wahab Haidara , Aminata Fofana , Harouna Sanogo , Oumou Coulbaly , Mahamadou Doumbia , Demba Coulibaly , Saydi Elassary , Bagouma Traore , Ali Dembele , Coulibaly Amadou , Boubacar Sanogo , Sangare Mariam , Issa Kone , Guindo Boubacary , Soumaoro Siaka , Singare Kadiatou , Keita Mohamed
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Pharyngeal foreign bodies, particularly in oropharyngeal locations, should raise concerns about the presence of an associated wound. They constitute a common pathology. Their diagnosis is most often easy, but difficult in the case of an unknown foreign body. We report a foreign body embedded in the lateral wall of the oropharynx which required emergency tonsillectomy. Observation: This is a 6-year-old child received urgently at the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou 6 hours after the introduction of the foreign body (wheel spoke) into the tonsillar compartment. On admission to the ENT and head and neck surgery department, the child's general condition was poor, consciousness remained and the conjunctivas were normal-colored. On oropharyngeal examination, we note a sharp metallic foreign body measuring 30 cm and 2 mm in diameter located at the level of the posterior fold of the right amygdala. Furthermore, there is hypersialorrhea with blood streaking. Faced with the failure of an extraction attempt; we decided to take him to the operating room after a minimum assessment. The immediate postoperative course was unremarkable. The evolution was very favorable on the 10th day of the intervention. Conclusion: Pharyngeal foreign bodies constitute a vital emergency due to their appearance or location. Their management requires rapid intervention with suitable equipment. Prevention remains the best solution.
Thyroid Cancer Recurrence: Risk Factors and Preventive Strategies
Authors: Rahman Masroor , Hossain Mohammad , Rahman Tawfiqur , Jewel Arif
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Several risk factors influence the recurrence of thyroid cancer, including age, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and other prognostic indicators. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of these risk factors on the recurrence rates of thyroid cancer, with the aim of improving diagnostic and treatment strategies for better patient outcomes. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate risk factors for thyroid cancer recurrence and preventive strategies. Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) included 108 thyroid cancer patients treated between April 2023 and March 2024. Patients were categorized into low-risk and high-risk groups based on prognostic factors. Follow-up for three years assessed recurrence and survival through outpatient visits and telephone interviews. Statistical analyses using SPSS version 22.0 included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests for recurrence rates, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Result: The study identified Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC) as the most common type, with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma being the predominant subtype. Recurrence rates were notably higher in patients aged ≥45 and in males. Significant predictors of recurrence included age, gender, tumor diameter, and lymph node metastasis. High-risk patients mostly received Total Thyroidectomy, Radioiodine ablation, and Thyroxin. Follow-up showed recurrence rates of 8.33% in low-risk and 7.55% in high-risk patients over three years. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of age, gender, tumor diameter, and lymph node metastasis in predicting thyroid cancer recurrence, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment and monitoring based on risk levels.
Use of Tear Substitutes to enhance the Image Quality of the Optic Nerve and Retina by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Ravindranath Rai , Irvathur Nayak , Tasneem Alhaj , Seema Channabasappa , Myna Achar
Published: September 2024

Background & Objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) has become very prevalent, with the increased usage of internet and video terminals. The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of tear substitutes in enhancing the signal strength of measurements of optic nerve head, retinal nerve fiber layer and macula by Optical coherence tomography (OCT), and resultant change in image quality. Thus proving the role of artificial tear substitutes in increasing the diagnostic accuracy of Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. Methods: A double blinded randomized control trial was performed on one hundred and fifty patients needing optical coherence tomography. They were randomly allocated into three groups to receive any one of the three tear substitutes Group 1 –Sodium hyaluronate (Molecular Weight M Wt 799.6g/mol) Group 2 – Poly ethylene glycol (Molecular Weight M Wt 400g/mol), Group -3 Hydroxy Propyl Methyl cellulose (Molecular Weight M Wt 1261.4 g/mol); Measurement of signal strength for optic nerve head, retinal nerve fiber thickness RNFL and sub foveal thickness SFT was done before and after instillation of tear substitutes. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS 22 version software. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The groups were comparable with respect to mean age and gender distribution. The mean signal strength (SS) of Optic Nerve Head (ONH) evaluation improved in all the groups in both eyes. The increase was the highest in Group II in both eyes. The increase in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness [RNFL] was seen in both eyes in all the groups. Improvement in macular evaluation sub foveal thickness (SFT) was seen in Group II of both eyes and group III in the Left eye. Interpretation and Conclusion: All tear substitutes improved the quality of the image but the improvement varied with regard to the parameters measured, thus proving artificial tear application is an essential for Optical coherence tomography OCT measurements in persons prone to dry eye This reduces the scope for error due to bad images and thereby the possibility of misdiagnosis of ophthalmic disease.
Leading Change and Innovation Effectively in Secondary Schools: A Literature Review
Authors: Shibiru Tesfaye , Bekele Mitiku
Published: September 2024

This literature review investigates the concepts of innovation and change within the context of secondary education, distinguishing between these concepts while highlighting their interconnectedness. It emphasizes the importance of leadership in driving innovation and change to better prepare students for the 21st-century workforce, enhance student engagement and achievement, and address issues of equity and inclusion. Effective leadership is shown to be crucial for fostering a culture of adaptability, creativity, and continuous improvement in schools. The review also explores various theoretical frameworks, including Fullan’s educational change theory, Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation, and Lewin’s process theory, to provide a comprehensive understanding of how change and innovation are implemented and sustained in educational settings. Challenges such as resistance to change, limited resources, and the need for teacher professional development are discussed, along with strategies to address these issues. Recent advancements in educational technology and the growing emphasis on equity-focused leadership are highlighted as key factors in shaping the future of secondary education. The review concludes by underscoring the necessity of visionary and resilient leadership to navigate the evolving educational landscape and create adaptive, innovative, and inclusive secondary schools.
Identifying the Administrative Problems Encountered by Secondary School Principals in Agbani Education Zone
Authors: Ugochukwu Kalu
Published: September 2024

This study aims to identify and analyze the administrative problems encountered by secondary school principals in the Agbani Education Zone. The research adopts a descriptive survey design, focusing on 594 respondents, including both principals and teachers, from a population of 1,142. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, validated by experts, with reliability established using Cronbach’s alpha. The study is guided by two research questions and two hypotheses, tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The analysis utilized mean, standard deviation, and t-tests to evaluate the perceptions of principals and teachers regarding administrative challenges. Key findings indicate that secondary school principals face significant challenges, including truancy, indiscipline among students and staff, poor communication facilities, and inadequate financial resources. These issues were found to detrimentally affect school administration and educational delivery. To address these challenges, the study suggests several strategies, including organizing regular seminars and workshops for principals, involving parents more actively in the administrative process, and improving communication facilities within schools. The study concludes that addressing these administrative issues is essential for improving educational outcomes and overall school management in the Agbani Education Zone. The proposed strategies aim to enhance the leadership capabilities of principals, foster a collaborative environment among stakeholders, and ultimately improve the quality of education in the region. These recommendations underscore the need for a comprehensive approach involving all stakeholders, including government authorities, to create a supportive and effective educational environment.
Married Men's Barriers to Supporting Wives' Cervical Cancer Screening in the Rural Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mohammed Aminu , Bedru Leyla , Abdu Neima , Yimer Abdusellam , Usso Ahmedin
Published: September 2024

Background: A man's non-supporting wife is one of the barriers to cervical cancer screening. However, research about men’s barriers to supporting screening is limited to the study region, particularly in rural areas. Therefore, this study aimed to explore barriers for married men to support wives' cervical cancer screening, which can help in prevention interventions. Methods: A qualitative study between August and September 2023 was conducted in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. In-depth interviews were conducted individually in quiet places, using a semi-structured tool aided by a voice recorder and field notes. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was used to identify themes. The report was reviewed using the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies) check list. Results: Four main themes were identified. Barriers related to awareness, perception, traditional healers and religious leaders influence, and a lack of men’s involvement in community women’s reproductive education. Conclusion: Barriers for married men to support wives for cervical cancer screening are systemic and are related to self, community, and government interventions. Therefore, it is crucial to develop programs that are systemic healthcare facilities, family- and society-oriented, culturally sensitive, and inclusive in order to address these factors. Furthermore, conducting additional multi-perspective research, which includes both spouses, family, community, health professionals, and health service leaders’ perspectives, is essential to effectively tackling these factors.
Optimization for Spectral and Power Characteristics of Bicolour LED Driver
Authors: Ferdous Fouzia , Rashid ABM
Published: September 2024

LED-powered luminaires have the ability to offer cutting-edge features like temperature adjustment and color management. Color shift creates discomfort in human eyes. So it is essential to design a LED driver which will precisely control the color parameters of the LED driver. Precise control of color parameters like CRI, CCT, color intensity is very complex and challenging. This paper describes the nonlinear optimization methodology for the design of blended LED light sources. This paper presents the methodology that enables LED strings regarding various parameters, e.g. high color rendering index (CRI) and high luminous efficacy of a blended bi-color (namely red CCT-2500K and blue CCT-9000K) LED driving system. Due to the applied optimization, the obtained CRI is maintained 98.03%. The overall luminous intensity depends upon the combined luminous flux which depends upon the current control of both LED sources. These optimized LED currents ensure the desired CCT. The achieved luminous efficacy is 90% at two optimal peak wavelengths 601 nm and 426 nm respectively. Power loss is minimized by frequency optimization. At the same time power parameters i.e. low THD and high P. F. is also maintained. The nonlinear optimization is verified in Ltspice simulations and experimentally for two different luminaire strings.
Reimagining the Parking Experience: Seamless EV Charging in Multi-Level Garages for the Future
Authors: Sharma Kanishka
Published: September 2024

The rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market demands a significant overhaul of current parking infrastructure. This paper explores the future of multi-level parking garages with a particular focus on integrating efficient and seamless EV charging solutions. Traditional parking structures are increasingly inadequate for the evolving needs of EV drivers, presenting numerous limitations. This study begins by dissecting these limitations, highlighting the inadequacies in accommodating the rising number of EVs and the inefficiencies in current charging setups. We then analyze state-of-the-art charging technologies, examining their potential to address these challenges. These include wireless charging pads, retractable charging units, and bi-directional charging systems, which promise not only to enhance user convenience but also to support grid stability and offer cost benefits through demand-response programs. Companies like WiTricity and Parkopedia are pioneering these technologies, indicating a clear industry trend towards innovation. Finally, we propose a visionary model for multi-level parking garages, designed to meet the diverse requirements of future EV users. This model features advanced automation, smart parking management, and integrated charging solutions that collectively create a user-friendly and efficient environment. By anticipating and addressing the future needs of EV drivers, this vision aims to revolutionize the way we think about parking infrastructure, making it more adaptable, resilient, and sustainable. Through this comprehensive analysis and futuristic proposal, the paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on urban infrastructure development in the age of electric mobility, providing a blueprint for the next generation of parking solutions.
UNNIGSA: A Unified Neural Network Approach for Enhanced Stutter Detection and Gait Recognition Analysis
Authors: Reddy Ravikiran , Gangadharaih Santhosh
Published: September 2024

Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder characterized by involuntary disruptions or disfluencies in a person's flow of speech. These disfluencies may include repetitions of sounds, syllables, or words; prolongations of sounds; and interruptions in speech known as blocks. This paper introduces Unified Neural Network for Integrated Gait and Speech Analysis (UNNIGSA), methodology that synergizes stutter detection (SD) and gait recognition through a unified neural network architecture. UNNIGSA is engineered to address two distinct yet interrelated challenges: the accurate detection of stuttering for enhanced beneficial interventions and the precise identification of individuals based on gait analysis. The system integrates a global attention mechanism to meticulously highlight salient features within speech patterns, thereby improving the accuracy of stutter classification and offering a potential leap forward in speech therapy practices. Additionally, UNNIGSA incorporates novel data processing techniques to manage the class imbalance prevalent in stuttering speech datasets, resulting in significantly enhanced performance over existing models. The methodology also extends the functionality of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, fostering greater inclusivity for individuals with speech disorders and enabling their more seamless interaction with virtual assistant technologies. Overall, UNNIGSA sets a new standard in the domains of speech disorder treatment and biometric identification, offering innovative solutions to long-standing challenges and paving the way for more inclusive and secure applications.
Adherence of Doctors to Diabetes Clinical Guidelines in Sudan
Authors: Abdelgadir Hiba , Magbol Mustafa , Mohamed Mogahid , Ibraheam Mohammed , Abdelgadir Hind , Ahmed Mosab
Published: September 2024

Background: Adherence to the clinical guidelines improves patients’ outcome by providing evidence-based care. This study aimed to assess adherence of doctors to diabetes clinical guidelines in Sudan. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023 on a purposive convenience sample of 465 doctors. Doctors’ adherence to diabetes guidelines was measured through an online questionnaire. Data was analyzed using frequency tables. The Chi square test used to determine associations between categorized variables. All statistical tests were considered statistically significant when p value < 0.05. Results: Of the 465 respondents, 76.8% were familiar with diabetes clinical guidelines, 72.7% of them implement guidelines recommendations, but only 46.5% were following the updated guideline recommendations. Only 44.5% of the surveyed doctors were aware of the local Sudanese diabetes guidelines. lack of regular training programs (17.9%), service cost (16.0%) and patients factors (15.6%) were the most common barriers to the guideline implementation. The adherence rate was positively associated with the job title, p value = 0.001. Conclusion: The study indicated low implementation to the updated diabetes guidelines among Sudanese doctors. To improve guidelines adherence, the study recommends launching training programs and continuous doctors’ assessment, along with issuing regulations and policies to ensure the use of the updated guidelines. The national guidelines need be well disseminated and regularly updated. Regular clinical audit and establishing the clinical governance are required to improve guidelines implementation in Sudan.
Effect of Nutrition Education Intervention on the Use of Micronutrients Powders for Children Aged 6-59 Months in Zanzibar City
Authors: Nahdi Rania , Mosha Theobald
Published: September 2024

The Micronutrient Powder (MNP) program in Tanzania, introduced by the Feed the Future Project in 2013, aimed to reduce the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among children under five years old. This study, conducted in Zanzibar City, where iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent, assessed the effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on the use of MNPs for children aged 6-59 months, focusing on hemoglobin levels and anthropometric measures. The study explored the potential of MNPs, coupled with proper education, to alleviate iron deficiency anemia and other nutrient deficiencies. The longitudinal study involved 363 mothers/caregivers and their children, with data collected at baseline, midline (4 weeks), and endline (8 weeks) using structured questionnaires that captured socio-economic and demographic information, nutrition-related data, and measurements of anthropometrics and hemoglobin concentrations. The intervention included individual counseling and the distribution of MNP brochures during clinic visits. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA were performed using IBM SPSS Version 26. Results showed significant changes in several indicators post-intervention: moderate anemia in children decreased from 64.7% at baseline to 59.5% at endline, with marginal decreases in severe anemia and slight improvements in weight-for-height and weight-for-age indicators, though height-for-age remained largely unchanged. The ANOVA results revealed variations in hemoglobin levels correlated with MNP intake, with those receiving moderate MNP showing the highest mean hemoglobin levels. The study concludes that MNP distribution programs should incorporate educational components to enhance compliance and effectiveness. Future strategies should consider appropriate dosing and consistent intake tailored to community-specific needs, alongside more holistic public health nutrition programs that address food security, water, sanitation, and mainstream health initiatives for sustained child health improvement. Further research is recommended to explore factors affecting long-term adherence and the intervention's impact across different settings to inform more precise public health strategies.
Aflatoxins in Cameroon: Occurrence, Potential Health Risks and the Way Forward in Implementing the Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA) Country-Led Model
Authors: Monono Ekwa , Abia Wilfred , Mokake Ngomba , Afanga Yannick , Monono Eyole , Ntan Ojong , Monono Kame , Sumbele Sally , Levai Dopgima
Published: September 2024

Aflatoxin hazard is present among the main food dangers in Cameroon. This paper gives insight on how affected crops and commodities such as maize and groundnuts are likely to be contaminated with aflatoxin. Possible negative effects of aflatoxin include hepatic injury, cancer risk, kwashiorkor, and marasmus kwashiorkor is also discussed. Therefore, this report recommends using the Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA) method for Cameroon. This policy also targets aflatoxin control to be a country-led, multi-sectoral approach. The aims of the study propose useful strategies for guiding the PACA approach; these include raising awareness of the health risks of aflatoxins, enhancing the laws on food safety, supporting adequate agricultural practices, and improving proper disposal and utilization procedures of post-harvest storage and processing systems. Government authorities and research institutes must collaborate to successfully execute aflatoxin control measures. The report emphasizes the need of capacity building, resource allocation, and monitoring systems in ensuring the efficacy of these initiatives. Thus, Cameroon can apply the PACA concept and the mentioned measures to decrease the level of aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, enhance the conditions for food safety and decrease the level of health risks. Consequently, this research provides useful information and suggestions to policymakers, researchers, and any party interested in Cameroon’s aflatoxin-related programs. This paper emphasizes the need for capacity enhancement, resource mobilization, and the proper monitoring and implementation of the strategies. Through the application of the PACA approach and the above-outlined strategies, Cameroon can reduce the incidence of aflatoxin contamination and its disturbing impacts on consumer health and food security. In conclusion, the findings and recommendations of this paper are highly informative to policymakers, researchers, and other interested stakeholders in Cameroon’s aflatoxin management processes.
Agromorphological Characterization of the Main Sesame Varieties Grown in the Sahelian Zone of Chad
Authors: Allamine Yacoub , Allamine Hisseine , Nazal Alhadj , Djibrine Soudy , Doutoum Abdelsalam
Published: September 2024

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) would be one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. Currently in Chad, its cultivation is in vogue and constitutes one of the priorities of farmers. The objective of this study was to highlight the agronomic and morphological characteristics of two varieties of sesame grown in the Sahelian zone of Chad. The experiment was conducted in open fields in the natural site of Kournari, around thirty kilometers from the capital N'Djamena. The local black seed and white seed S-42 varieties were grown in a randomized Fisher block design with 3 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves, number of capsules, number of seeds per capsule, average seed weight, weight of 1000 seeds, and grain yields per plant were determined. The measured parameters showed that vegetative development is greater in the S-42 variety than in the local variety. While in terms of yield per plant, the local variety is more productive with 33.01 g per plant compared to 20.08 g per plant for the S-42 variety. Plant height had a negative effect on grain yield per plant. It would be interesting to study the characteristics of other varieties in order to identify those which would best respond to the Sahelian climate.
Cocoa Residues as Alternative Support for Freeze Drying of Candida tropicalis for Controlled Fermentation of Cocoa
Authors: Kadet Victoria , Samagaci Lamine , Ouattara Hadja , Ahoussi Jean-Marie , Ettien Yannick , Ouattara Honoré , Lemaire Marc , Niamké Sébastien
Published: September 2024

Cocoa fermentation generates significant residues, offering a valuable opportunity for sustainable utilization. In this study, these residues were evaluated as a support medium for freeze-drying Candida tropicalis, a yeast strain known to enhance the cocoa fermentation process. By integrating Candida tropicalis into fermentation, the degradation of cocoa pulp can be accelerated, improving aeration and reducing cotyledon acidity—factors that contribute to better cocoa quality. To explore this potential, cocoa pulp juice (1: 2) and cocoa pod flour were tested as support media for the freeze-drying of Candida tropicalis. The viability of the yeast post freeze-drying was assessed, with saccharose used as a control for comparison. Additionally, enzyme activity was evaluated to confirm the functional preservation of the yeast. The results showed survival rates of 72.70 ± 0.56% when cocoa pulp juice was combined with cocoa pod flour and 69.64 ± 0.52% when cocoa pulp juice was used alone. These survival rates are comparable to those achieved with saccharose, a conventional support material, indicating that cocoa residues can effectively support the freeze-drying process of Candida tropicalis. Cocoa residues thus present a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option for the freeze-drying of Candida tropicalis, with potential to enhance the overall quality of chocolate. Future research could focus on scaling up this method and optimizing conditions for larger-scale applications in the cocoa industry, further contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.
Prevalence of Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending ANC in Leku General Hospital, Sidama, Ethiopia
Authors: Zenebe Mengistu , Baruda Berhanu , Bekele Fetsum , Mekonin Gebeyew , Belete Hanna , Mulugeta Yonas , Mossiye Zigiju , Gebereselassie Yeshimebet
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Anemia is a global public health issue that affects people of all ages, although pregnant women and children under the age of five are the most vulnerable. During pregnancy, iron deficiency is associated with multiple adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants in developing countries. Nutritional anemia is also the most prevalent type of anemia in the world. This study's objective was to determine how common anemia was among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Leku General Hospital. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 25-August 15, 2022, on 284 pregnant women attending in Leku General Hospital. Pretested questionnaires based on interviews were used to collect socio-demographic information and related data. Hemoglobin concentration was determined using Beckman Coulter DxH 800 analyzer and hemoglobin concentration <11 g/dl was classified as anemic. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictor's value for anemia. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was found to be 21.7% (95% CI: 16.7%-26.8%). Women who live in rural areas were revealed to be factors affecting pregnant women's anemia (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.97-9.10). Approximately half of the anemic pregnant women surveyed were found to have moderate anemia (Hb 7- 9.9 g/dl) with 55% and 7% severely anemic. The most important clinically relevant finding was that (65%) of anemic pregnant women were found to have microcytic and hypochromic anemia which is the most common type in pregnancy that occurs mostly due to iron deficiency. Conclusion: Compared to the national pooled data, this study finds anemia has a moderate impact on local public health. The related factors should be considered for improving rural community-based anemia management for pregnant women.
How Does High Performance Work System Increase Employees’ Well-Being -The Sequential Mediating Roles of Job Characteristics and Work Meaning
Authors: Hei Yu , Zhu Yi , Zhu Ming
Published: September 2024

In the current era of competitive business environments, understanding the influence of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on employee well-being has become a critical research focus. This study, grounded in self-determination theory, aimed to investigate the link between HPWS and employee well-being within a Chinese context, with a particular emphasis on job characteristics. The research utilized a three-wave design, gathering 362 data sets from employees across five companies, to ensure a robust and varied sample. The methodology encompassed a comprehensive approach, including surveys and in-depth analysis, to explore the nuances of the relationship between HPWS and employee well-being. The study's findings underscored the positive impact of HPWS on employee well-being, revealing that job characteristics and the sense of meaningful work serve as pivotal mediators in this relationship. This research not only contributes to the academic discourse by providing empirical evidence of the mediating roles of job characteristics and meaningful work but also offers actionable insights for organizations seeking to enhance employee well-being through the strategic implementation of HPWS. The study's conclusions highlight the importance of aligning work systems with intrinsic motivational factors, as posited by self-determination theory, and set the stage for future research to further explore the complexities of employee well-being in diverse cultural and organizational settings.
From Policy Advisors to Transfer Agents: Understanding the Role of Policy Advisors in the Circulation of Good Governance Principles in the Global South
Authors: Laure Njanjo
Published: September 2024

By the moment policy advisory system (PAS) gains field as a scientific object in public policy; different studies on the subject explore its importance in political systems. They reveal that PAS provides a significant support to public policy decision for central and local governments, thereby highlighting its impact in decision and policy-making process within these systems. While agreeing with this evidence, the present paper focuses on the role of Policy Advice Actors (PAA) in the diffusion and transfer of good governance principles at the international level. The aim of this paper is therefore to contribute to the debate on the multiple facets of policy advisory system in Africa by analyzing the dynamics of policy advisors in policy decision. It eventually tries to link PAS to policy diffusion and highlights how the PAS is being used by these actors to crystallize their knowledge and ideas into different political systems. The present paper is a qualitative analysis based on empirical evidence and the existing literature on the issue in Africa and particularly in Cameroon. Henceforth, it is argued that policy transfer especially diffusion is an important mechanism of PAS in the global south, of course as external policy advice is concerned, international organizations that constitute the main actors of this system are engaged into providing global solution for southern countries rather than policy innovation. Despite this evidence these actors may somehow be confronted to different degrees of complexity into the local context.
Challenges of Street Vending Market in Urbanization from Gender Perspective: The Case of Nifas Silk Lafto Sub City, Jemo-01 Area, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tekie Beletu , Getachew Dodge
Published: September 2024

Street vending is informal market. There are debates about street vendors, some argue that they cause problems in urbanization activities like pedestrian & traffic congestion, pollution, crime, illegality and should be eliminated and other argue that they are essential for promoting urban economic activities and reduce unemployment. The aim of this study is to identify the main driving causes and challenges of street vending in Nifas Silk Lafto sub-city, Jemo- 01 Site from gender perspectives. Quantitative data collected from 216 questionnaires and qualitative data obtained from 36 key informants and in-depth interviewee. The quantitative data analyzed using, percentage frequency, correlation, Chi-square & Mann-Whitney U test and qualitative data processed using thematic analysis. The result indicate that the driving cause for street vending are, high family poverty (P, 0.001) and easy to enter (P, 0.001) to street vending are more significant in male than female. However, lack of other job option (P, 0.001) is more significant in female. Regarding the consequence of street vending market, traffic congestion and car accident (P, 0.004), encourage illegality (p, 0.003) were the major significant negative consequence of street vending market. Whereas street vending support economic activities and mobilize work force is the positive consequence that the p, 0.034 < 0.05 at 95%. Regarding challenge of vending market, the result found that great challenge for female than male (P, 0.002), according to qualitative analysis, theft, physical harassment, confiscation of goods, health problem were major challenge. In conclusion, street vending market has both negative and positive consequence in urbanization process and different root cause for both male and female.
Precose Post-Operative Complications of Abdominal Surgery at the Communal Medical Center of Ratoma (CMC Ratoma)
Authors: Albert Diawara , Mariame Keita , II Guirassy , Naby Fofana , Naby Camara , Houssein Fofana , Aboubacar Toure
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Postoperative complications are incidents or accidents that may occur after any surgical intervention. They lead to the aggravation of the previous situation by their morbidity and even their mortality. The objective of this work was to study the early postoperative evolution in the digestive surgery and Maternity departments at the CMC of Ratoma. Methodology: This was a descriptive prospective study over a period of (6) months from July 01, 2021 to December 31, 2021 carried out in the surgery and maternity departments of the Ratoma municipal center. Results: we operated on 403 patients in the surgery and maternity departments of the CMC in Ratoma, of which 50 cases, or 12%, developed early postoperative complications. The age group of 20-30 years was the most affected 22 cases or 44% with an average age of 29.5 years, extremes of 3 years and 85. The female sex was dominant 36 cases or 78% of cases with a sex ratio of 3.5. The majority of patients 26 or 56% were operated on in the maternity ward, where caesarean section was the most performed surgical procedure. Emergencies were represented in 26 cases or 56% of surgical interventions, infection of the surgical site was the most common postoperative complication in 40 cases or 80%. All our suppurated patients benefited from a pus sample for cytobacteriological examination and were treated according to the result of the antibiogram plus local care. 72% of our patients were followed on an outpatient basis. The evolution was favorable in 44 of our patients, i e. 88%, and unfavorable in 6 of our patients, i e. 12%, including ISO, evisceration and death each in 2 cases, i e. a common rate of 4%. Conclusion: Early postoperative complications were frequent at CMC Ratoma. Surgical site infections were the main early OCC presented by the patients. The management was medical and surgical. The evolution was favorable in most cases, however we recorded a few cases of death.
Land Suitability Analysis and Mapping Using Geospatial Technique and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis for Urban Green Area of Goba Town, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Hordofa Tilahun , Alemu Mersha , Eshetu Mulugeta
Published: September 2024

Urban green areas have a significant role in improving human well-being in a variety of ways, providing ecosystem services, optimizing the health of urban residents, and making a great contribution to environmental health. However, there are very limited studies or not yet conducted on urban green area suitability analysis using geospatial technique and MCDA that support decision-makers, urban green area planners, and managements. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that determine land suitability for urban green areas and to develop an urban green area suitability map for Goba Town using geospatial technique and the MCDA-AHP approach. In this study, GIS-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) has been adopted to select suitable sites for urban green areas. The methodology involves a structured framework to identify and prioritize areas suitable for urban green development based on six key determinant factors: viz., land use land cover (LULC), elevation, proximity to settlements, distance to main rivers, slope, and distance to roads. The generated suitability map was validated by comparing it to existing green areas and conducting field surveys to verify the model's accuracy. The results of the study revealed that about 877.92 ha (18.31%), 1506.46 ha (31.41%), 1280.76 ha (26.71%), 756.05 ha (15.76%), and 373.71 ha (7.79%) were very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, respectively. The finding of the current study supports, as a baseline, assisting local governments and environmental agencies in sustainable urban development and forming resilient cities in advance of environmentally dynamic dynamics. Inclusion GIS and MCDA-based land suitability analysis provides a comprehensive framework for urban green area planning. Future studies might recommend using ecosystem service valuation as a factor in determining land suitability for green areas. Furthermore, various stakeholders need to work on the management of urban green areas and the community's awareness creation on urban green area ownership.
The Neo-Social Development of Gender Identity: A Social Contagion
Authors: Hernandez Jose
Published: September 2024

In recent years, gender identity has become a topic of intense public debate. Two main perspectives have emerged. One perspective suggests that gender identity is an issue of not aligning with the assigned gender at birth, and the other, a psychological phenomenon that is influenced by societal trends, otherwise known as a social contagion. Social contagion holds that factors such as peer influence, media representation, and evolving societal norms significantly shape one's understanding of gender identity. Gender-affirming care and support are recommended solutions to alleviate gender dysphoria resulting from this phenomenon. However, a counter perspective, grounded in biological and Biblical truths, emphasizes that gender identity is an intrinsic part of a divine purpose and reflects God's creation. The complexity of self-discovery, societal influences, and religious beliefs has led to contentious debates on the nature of gender identity. The range of perspectives stresses the need for respectful and empathetic conversations encompassing diverse viewpoints while promoting a more comprehensive and purposeful society rooted in truth. Ultimately, the discourse on gender identity must merge into one objective—stabilizing and perpetuating society.
Influence of Different Rates of Salinity on Flowering, Yield and Fruit Nutritional Value of Three Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Cultivars in far North Region of Cameroon
Authors: Hand Mathias , Abib Chimène , Ousman Salomon , Tabi Kingsley , Oumarou Bogno , Taffouo Victor , Youmbi Emmanuel
Published: September 2024

Context: Salinity is in coastal, arid and semi-arid regions a major constraint in the productivity and agricultural development around the world. Objectifs: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth, the nutritional value of the fruits of three okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cultivars including two local (Javia and Parkwa) and a hybrid variety (Hire). Methodology: This is how four solutions of different NaCl concentrations from 0, 60, 120 to 240 mM were used to water okra plants at the four-leaves stage and this for two months in completely randomized device with four repetitions. Results: The results have differneces and similarities between the three varities during saline treatments. Salinity causes a decrease in growth, performance yield (from 0 to 240 mM NaCl to 28%, 23.6% and 22% in Parkwa, Hire, Javia cultivars respectively), mineral elements, antioxidants components and accumulation of Na content (to 45% in Parkwa, 23% in Hire and 18.4% in Javia from 0 to 240 mM NaCl) and flowering period (from 0 to 240 mM NaCl to 27.5%, 23.1% et 21.9% in Parkwa, Hire, Javia respectively). The reductions generated by salt have been less strong in Javia and Hire cultivars while the reductions were stronger at Parkwa cultivar. In addition, NaCl, at high concentrations, advantage of osmoticum accumulation involved in the osmotic ajustement mechanisms and would also serve as osmoprotector. Accumulation of osmolytes is salinity tolerance index that explains the maintenance of good water status in okra. Conclusion: Cultivars Javia and Hire were the most salt tolerant while the Parkwa was the most sensitive. The good behaviour of Javia and Hire varieties in the face of salinity can be considered for their use to better enhance the sahelian and coastal areas.