bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, Analysis and Development of Solar-Powered Electric Bi-Cycle for domestic use
Authors: Saleh Karam Abou , Murali R. V.
Published: March 2019

Nowadays a greater number of people use cars or other automobiles as a means of transportation between places and the number of such vehicles is increasing day by day on the roads. Moreover, people are driving their cars for every need even if the location he/she is heading to is really near and can be taken by a walk. On the other hand, with respect to different researches that driving cars is having an impact on the environment and it is affecting the ozone layer due to the emission of greenhouse gases from the vehicles so providing a transport that supports the environment such as solar-powered e-bike is an affordable solution for our society particularly for the near distances. This paper presents the design and development aspects of solar powered bi-cycle. The key phases of this work include designing a solar energy cell converting solar energy into useable electric energy and designing a power transmission system suitable for driving a conventional bi-cycle. These phases involve calculation of power requirements to drive the bi-cycle and redesign of transmission elements of bi-cycles suitable to the solar energy power source and suitably select PV cell components to meet these requirements. The electrical motor type and capacity are decided on the basis of the above calculations and the motor is connected to the bi-cycle through suitable chain drive system. Solar PV cell capacity of 40 W with area dimensions of 54 x 51 cm is used to generate electrical energy and the same is used to charge the batteries as well. The maximum voltage recorded is 24 volts and the maximum current generated is 12 Amperes. Various parts of the assembly are integrated into the bi-cycle and the working model was completed. Finally, the testing of the bi-cycle was performed to obtain the results based on which an engineering analysis and cost details were carried out. The fabricated model and the results obtained thus prove that there is a potential scope to introduce the solar-integrated electric bikes into the market for domestic use.
The Effectiveness of Training Program on the Development of Critical Thinking Skills among University Students
Authors: Naji Majed A. , Al-Rasheed Abdulrahman S.
Published: March 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program on the development of critical thinking among Saudis students enrolled in undergraduate studies. It which included a system of critical thinking skills, namely: deductive reasoning, drawing inferences, recognizing assumptions, argument evaluation and logical interpretation. Forty undergraduate Saudi students participated in this study. All were withdrawn from the population of the Psychology department at King Saud University. Their ages ranged between 18 and 23 years with an average age of 21.70 and a standard deviation of 0.88. All were randomly assigned to two equally numbered experimental and control groups. A training program was constructed to develop the critical thinking skills among the students. Those in the experimental group were trained on this program during 8 sessions, 2 sessions per a weak with 2-3 hours in each session. A critical thinking scale prepared by the National Center for Youth Studies (2014) was used to ensure program effectiveness. Results revealed the effectiveness of the training program on the development of critical thinking skills of the study sample in the general ability of critical thinking as well as in the capacity of its constituents.
Model of the Relationships between Supervising Working Alliance, Counseling Self-Esteem and Attachment Styles
Authors: Al- Shraifin Ahmad
Published: March 2019

The study aimed to explore the causal relationships between supervising working alliance, counseling self-esteem and attachment styles through a causal model adopting a path analysis method. The study sample consisted of 289 counseling students at Yarmouk University. Three scales were administered to measure the supervising working alliance, self-esteem and attachment styles.  Results showed a direct relationship between avoidant attachment styles and supervising working alliance, and an indirect relationship with counseling self-esteem. There was a direct relationship between secure attachment style, supervising working alliance and counseling self-esteem; and between supervising working alliance and counseling self-esteem.  In addition, direct and indirect relationships were evident between avoidant attachment style and special relationship domain of supervising working alliance and counseling self-esteem; whereas it affected client focus domain with a direct relationship. Direct relationships also were evident between secure attachment styles, the relationship domain and self-focus domain.
Causal Relationship Modeling of the Big-Five Factors, Self-Efficacy, and Happiness of Jordan University of Science and Technology Students
Authors: Al-Dababi Khaldoun , Al- Dababi Rabe’a , Abdelrahman Abdulsalam
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to unveil the causal relationship of the big-five factors, self-efficacy and happiness for JUST students. Based on scientific foundations, it constructed a proposed causal relationship model using path analysis for interpreting happiness. To achieve this goal, the Big Five Factors  by John, Donahue & Kentle, (1991), the General Self-Efficacy Scale of Schwarzer & Jerusalem, (1995), and Oxford Happiness Inventory were employed.  The sample consisted of 377 students chosen on availability grounds. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the proposed and the optimal causal relationship models due to high matches on AGFI=0.942; NFI=0.986; RMSEA=0.069; GFI=0.994; IFI=0.991; TLI=0.933; and CFI=0.990. Thus, the model construes the relationships proposed and represents the optimal causal relationship model for the variables of the study.
Prevalência de infecções urinárias e do trato genital em gestantes atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Santos Carla Cristian , Madeira Heloise Skiavine , Silva Claudinei Mesquita da , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira , Peder Leyde Daiane de
Published: March 2019

ObjetivoEsta pesquisa teve por objetivo determinar a prevalência de fatores associados às infecções do trato urinário e genital em mulheres em período gestacional.MétodosTrata-se de pesquisa epidemiológica de caráter descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizada por meio da coleta de dados em prontuários de gestantes atendidas em nove Unidades Básicas de Saúde distribuídas em Cascavel, Paraná, entre janeiro e dezembro de 2015. Foram consideradas as gestantes com diagnóstico positivo para qualquer doença que acometa os tratos genital e urinário. Foram coletadas dos prontuários informações sociodemográficas, comportamentais, clínicas e resultados laboratoriais. Para as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o método de Qui-Quadrado.ResultadosForam analisados 798 prontuários, observando-se uma positividade de 33,08% (264 casos) com infecções do trato urinário, genital ou ambos. Destas pacientes, 125 (15,66%) apresentaram episódios de infecções do trato urinário, 115 (14,41%) foram acometidas por algum tipo de infecção genital e 24 (3,01%) estavam coinfectadas. Verificou-se diferença estatística em relação ao número de pacientes que apresentaram sinais e sintomas característicos para infecções do trato urinário (<0,001), infecção genital (<0,001) e para casos anteriores de infecções do trato urinário (<0,001). A maioria das infecções do trato genital deu-se por Gardnerella vaginalis (43/37,39%) e Candida sp. 34/29,57%). ConclusãoOs resultados indicam altas prevalências de infecções do trato urinário e infecção genital, considerando que, em gestantes, as consequências para o bebê podem ser graves, o que torna o diagnóstico dessas doenças de suma importância na determinação de medidas preventivas. Sendo assim, a investigação, o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado auxiliam no controle de infecções e problemas congênitos.
Acidentes com crianças e adolescentes, segundo o Inquérito Sentinela
Authors: Zimmerman Suzana Ferreira , Fraga Andrea De Melo Alexandre , Morcillo André Moreno , Silveira Naoko Yanagizawa Jardim , Antonio Maria Ângela Reis de Góes Monteiro
Published: March 2019

ObjetivoOs acidentes são a principal causa de mortalidade entre crianças e adolescentes. Para sua prevenção, faz-se necessário conhecer esses eventos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características dos acidentes e das vítimas crianças e adolescentes, atendidas nos serviços sentinela de urgência em Campinas, comparando os dados obtidos nos Inquéritos Sentinela dos anos de 2011 e 2014.MétodosTrata-se de estudo descritivo transversal, em que foram incluídas vítimas de acidentes na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos, residentes em Campinas, e que procuraram atendimento por essas ocorrências pela primeira vez, durante trinta dias consecutivos, em 2011 ou em 2014. Realizou-se análise descritiva por meio de distribuição de frequências e, para a avaliação da associação entre variáveis, empregou-se o teste de Qui-Quadrado.ResultadosForam analisados os dados de 284 atendimentos prestados em 2011, bem como os 414 atendimentos de 2014, de forma comparativa. O estudo concluiu que as vítimas mais frequentes pertenciam ao sexo masculino (59,9% e 63,3%, respectivamente em 2011 e 2014) e foram transportadas ao serviço por veículo particular (66,9% e 69,9%). Os acidentes mais frequentes foram quedas (45,4% e 41,3%) e outros eventos (39,8% e 42,8%), predominando o choque contra objeto/pessoa. Os acidentes ocorreram, principalmente, na residência (39,8% e 46,1%), de segunda a sexta-feira (64,4% e 64,3%), no período entre 12h e 18h (50,0% e 46,9%). A lesão predominante foi contusão (33,8% e 25,8%), principalmente nos membros superiores (38,6% e 29,2%) e nos inferiores (33,7% e 25,6%). A evolução nas primeiras 24 horas foi alta em 90,5% e 92,8% dos casos, respectivamente.ConclusãoEm síntese, o estudo concluiu que predominaram vítimas do sexo masculino, que chegaram ao hospital por veículo particular. Prevaleceram quedas dentro da residência, causando contusões em membros, que evoluíram para alta.
Toksik davranışların turizm işletmelerinde incelenmesi: Antalya alan araştırması
Authors: KASALAK Murad Alpaslan , YURCU Gülseren , AKINCI Zeki , KASALAK Gamze
Published: March 2019

Turizmde yoğun
rekabetin bulunduğu ve birçok çalışanın zorlu koşullarda işini yapmaya
çalıştığı bir sektördür. Bu araştırmanın amacı turizm işletmelerinde sergilenen
toksik davranışları belirlemektir. Bu bağlamda, Antalya ilinde yer alan turizm
işletmeleri çalışanlarının algıladıkları toksik davranışları çeşitli kimlik
değişkenlere göre tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada Kusy ve Holloway
(2009) tarafından geliştirilen ve araştırmacılar tarafından Türkçe’ye
uyarlaması gerçekleştirilecek olan “Toksik Davranışlar Ölçeği” ile veriler
toplanmıştır. İşgören toksik davranışlarını tespitine yönelik olan bu ölçek,
özgünlüğü nedeniyle ulusal alan yazına önemli bir katkı sağlayacağı
düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, araştırmanın sonuçları turizm işletmelerinde toksik
davranışları önlemeyi amaçlayan gelecek çalışmalar için önemli görülmektedir.
Araştırma sonucunda kişilerin turizm işletmelerinde farklı demografik
özelliklere göre farklı toksik davranışlar algıladıkları ve toksik davranışları
ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Smart destination: Tourism, innovation, entrepreneurship, challenges
Authors: YAVUZ Mehmet Cihan
Published: March 2019

Tourism is a sector that
fundamentally produces “experience”. Tourism is affected by advancement in the
market and its environment. In recent years, innovation and new
entrepreneurship in tourism are shifting to technology-intensive ones. The main
aim of this study is to show the impact of technology on the areas of
innovation and entrepreneurship in tourism destinations through examples. The
study has shown that smart technologies have affected various tourism
subcomponents for a long time. The destination has turned into “smart
destination”, as a result of using technology and applications in city
infrastructure. Smart destination applications are expected to extend in usage
due to their increasing effect on productivity and experience quality.
Investigating case studies and successful world examples have been the main
method followed in the current research for examining challenges in
technological transformation in tourism destinations. The results of the study
are expected to support an increase in tourism productivity and experience
quality by also paying sufficient attention to facilitating the daily life of
local people.
Borsa İstanbul konaklama işletmelerinde finansal başarısızlık riskinin Beaver Modeli kullanılarak analizi
Authors: KARADENİZ Erdinç , ÖCEK Cemile
Published: March 2019

Dünyadaki siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak konaklama işletmelerinin varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için zorluklar yaşadığı gözlemlenmektedir. Günümüzde konaklama işletmelerinin faaliyetlerini başarılı bir şekilde devam ettirebilmeleri için güçlü finansal bir yapıya sahip olmaları gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, finansal başarısızlık riskinin konaklama işletmeleri açısından ölçülmesi ve yönetilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Borsa İstanbul’da (BİST) işlem gören konaklama işletmelerinin 2012-2017 yıllarına ait finansal başarısızlık risklerinin Beaver modeliyle ölçülmesidir. Bu amaçla Borsa İstanbul’da (BİST) işlem gören 11 konaklama işletmesi, Beaver modelinin değişkenlerine göre analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, BİST konaklama işletmelerinin bazılarının uzun vadeli yükümlülüklerini karşılamada yetersiz olduğu,  net çalışma sermayelerinin negatif olduğu, karlılıklarının düşük olduğu, nakit akışlarının yetersiz olduğu, finansal kaldıraç düzeylerini ise etkin kullanmaya çalıştıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Değişen seyahat kültüründe yeni bir kavram: Travel Itch
Authors: TOKSÖZ Derya , ÇAPAR Gizem , DÖNMEZ Beril
Published: March 2019

Günümüz seyahat trendlerinde artık sadece gidip görmüş olmak için seyahat etmek yerine seyahat deneyiminin anlamlı olmasını, yolculuklarında kendi hikayelerini yazabilmeyi talep etmektedirler. Yeni seyahat akımları, değişen turist profili ile yeni bir kavramı gündeme getirmiştir: Travel Itch. “Seyahat kaşıntısı” olarak Türkçeye çevrilen bu kavram, önce, insanın iç dünyasının derin bir katmanında ara sıra, ya da sık sık yoklayan bir yer değiştirme güdüsünün sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan bir duygu olarak ifade edilmektedir. Seyahat kaşıntısının belirtileri arasında sürekli uçak biletlerini, indirim kampanyalarını ve otel fırsatlarını takip etmek, seyahat dergilerini karıştırmak sayılabilir. Bu çalışma ile günümüz turist özelliklerini ifade edebilecek bir kavram olan “Travel itch” kavramını literatüre kazandırma amacı güdülmektedir. Bu sayede günümüz turist profiline uygun pazarlama, planlama ve yönetim çalışmalarının yapılmasında yol gösterici bir araştırma olması beklenmektedir.
Mağara turizmini tercih eden turistleri motive eden faktörler: Aynalıgöl (Gilindire) mağarasına yönelik bir içerik analizi
Authors: ATSAN Mustafa , ÇETİNSÖZ Burçin Cevdet
Published: March 2019

Çalışmanın amacı alternatif
turizm türü olan mağara turizmini tercih eden ziyaretçileri motive eden
etmenleri belirlemektir. Araştırmada ziyaretçileri motive eden etmenlerin
belirlenmesi için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi tercih
edilmiştir. Ziyaretçilerin yorumları bağlamında en yaygın seyahat uygulaması
olan www.tripadvisor.com sitesinde belirlenen olumlu ve olumsuz 167 yoruma
içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Veriler NVIVO11 programı ile analiz edilmiştir.
Araştırma bulgularında ziyaretçileri motive eden çekici faktörler, doğal
güzellik, sağlık, gastronomi, macera, tarihi ve hikayesi boyutları altında
sınıflandırılırken, itici faktörler ise tanıtım eksikliği ve altyapı sorunları
olarak belirlenmiştir.
Restoran mutfaklarında yeşil nesil restoran hareketi: “La Mancha Restoran” örneği
Authors: AKAR ŞAHİNGÖZ Semra , GÜLEÇ Enes
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışma, Yeşil Nesil Restoran programının La Mancha Restoran örneği üzerinden
incelenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Bu programın geçmişten günümüze nasıl bir
süreç izlediği ve sürdürülebilir restoran farkındalığının yayılması için
yapılması gerekenler belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden
Örnek Olay (Case Study) kullanılmıştır. La Mancha Restoranın kurucu ortağıyla,
mutfak yöneticisiyle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu görüşmeler ve işletmede yapılan
gözlemlere dayalı olarak elde edilen verilerin analizi ile, işletmede uygulanan
sürdürülebilirlik özellikleri incelenmiştir. La Mancha Restoran’da
gerçekleştirilen sürdürülebilirlik çalışmaları gözlemlenmiştir. Yeşil Nesil
Restorancılık programına restoran sektörünün beklenilen ilgiyi göstermediği ve
bu nedenle de sürdürülebilir restoran hareketinin yayılmadığı bulgusuna
varılmıştır. Yeşil restoran programlarını uygulayan işletmelerin diğer
restoranlara göre daha fazla sorumluluk taşıdıkları ve yeşil restoran
tanımından daha duyarlı hale geldiği kanısına varılmıştır
First report of Sarconema eurycerca (Filarioidea) in mute swan (Cygnus olor) in Poland – the case report
Authors: Michalski M. M. , Gałęcki R. , Siedlecka K.
Published: March 2019

Mute swans (Cygnus olor) of the Anatidae family are common in wetlands of Europe. They winter in Africa, Asia and some parts of Europe. The species is exposed to many pathogens in its places of residence, including parasites possibly introduced from tropical countries by other species of birds that take long wanderings and occupy a similar ecological niche. One such case is the infection of the Sarconema eurycerca, nematode belonging to the Filarioidea family. It invades the bird’s myocardium and, according to some authors, this nematode may be one of the main causes of swans’ deaths. The material for the present study was an approximately 2 year old female mute swan, which during the flight fell suddenly to the ground in Pomorskie Voivodeship (Poland, 53°50′18″N 18°12′54″E) in November. During the examination and medical observation, weakness, diarrhea and infestation with lice were found. The cause of its eventual death was attributed to a failure of the circulatory system. Post mortem, two abscesses with diameters of 2-3 cm were found in its liver parenchyma. Three nematodes were visible in the epicardium and many more in myocardium. Upon cutting open the heart, small yellowish foci, about 1 mm in diameter were scattered over valves. On the basis of morphological features, infection by Sarconema eurycerca was concluded. As far as we are aware, in Poland there were no earlier reports of this parasite infecting a swan.
Two new species of the genus Coomansinema Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1989 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with a key to its species
Authors: Ahmad W. , Mushtaq P. , Shahnaz  , Kumar S.
Published: March 2019

Two new species of the genus Coomansinema Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1989 are described and illustrated. C. japonicum n. sp. is characterized by having medium size body (L= 1.40 – 1.45 mm); lip region truncate with completely amalgamated lips; amphideal fovea goblet – shaped; 16 – 20 μm long odontostyle; 23 – 25 μm long odontophore; comparatively anterior position of the second pair of pharyngeal glands; amphidelphic female genital system; longitudinal vulva; males with 48 – 54 μm long spicules; 7 – 8 spaced ventromedian supplements and tail long filiform in female and short conoid in male. C. longicaudatum n. sp. is characterized by having medium size body (L= 1.1 – 1.3 mm); lip region truncate, continuous with completely amalgamated lips; amphideal fovea cup – shaped; 16 – 17 μm long odontostyle; 19 – 20 μm long odontophore; comparatively anterior position of the second pair of pharyngeal glands; amphidelphic female genital system; transverse vulva, intestinal – prerectum junction with a tongue – like structure and 210 – 269 μm long filiform tail. A key to its seven valid species is provided.
19.Yüzyıl mezbaha reformu ve Osmanlı’daki yansımaları
Authors: UĞUR Sinem Burcu , TAN Seda
Published: March 2019

Şehirlerin
iaşesini sağlamak, yönetim şekilleri ne olursa olsun devletlerin temel
kaygılarından olmuştur. Devlet yöneticileri, meşruiyetlerini sağlamanın yolu
olarak halkın temel gereksinimlerinden olan besin ihtiyacını karşılamaya ve bu
konuda gerekli düzenlemeleri yapmaya hassasiyet göstermişlerdir. Alman kimyager
Justus von Liebig’in eti “yüksek protein kaynağı” olarak tanımlamasının
ardından et, iaşenin en temel unsurlarından birine dönüşmüştür. Et, çalışma
koşullarının gerektirdiği fiziki dayanıklılık ve gücü sağlaması bakımından
özellikle işçi sınıfının diyetlerinin en başında gelmeye başlamıştır. Nüfusun
büyük çoğunluğunu oluşturan bu sınıfın ihtiyaç duyduğu söz konusu kaynağın
sağlıklı, ucuz ve bol miktarda temini ise, devletler için ciddi bir yükümlülüğe
dönüşmüştür. Halkın et ihtiyacını önceleri şehir merkezinde bulunan, kesim
işlemini dükkânının avlusundaki alanlarda gerçekleştiren özel kasaplar
karşılamıştır. Ne var ki şehirlerin büyüyüp kalabalıklaşmasıyla birlikte artan
et talebi, her gün çok fazla sayıda çiftlik hayvanının şehirlerin merkezinde
kesilmesine yol açmıştır. Yarattığı rahatsız edici görüntünün yanı sıra
sağlıksız çevre koşullarına sebep olması, hayvan kesim faaliyetini acil
müdahale gerektiren bir soruna dönüştürmüştür. On sekizinci yüzyıldan itibaren
bu sorun, hümanistlerin de girişimiyle bir reform kapsamında değerlendirilmeye
başlanmıştır. Et iaşesinin halkın sağlığını tehdit etmeyen ve şehrin görseline
zarar vermeyen koşullarda yapılmasını sağlamak için, devlet eliyle halk mezbahaları
açılmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada, et temini sorununa cevaben ortaya çıkan
mezbaha reformu ele alınmıştır. Bu reform kapsamında Avrupa’nın en büyük
metropollerinden olan Viyana, Berlin, Londra ve Chicago şehirleri bol hayvan
stoğu bulundurmaları ve yoğun bir kesim faaliyetini sürdürmeleri bakımından
incelenmiştir. Aynı dönemler içinde Osmanlı’daki dinamikler araştırılmış, bu
örnekler üzerinden yapılan kıyaslamalarla Osmanlıdaki mezbaha reformunun özgün
yönleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
أسواق مصر في العصر الأيوبي (567-648هـ/ 1171-1250م)
Authors: Mohammed Shawkat A. , Sadiq Kajin A.
Published: March 2019

من المعروف أن أغلب الدراسات التي تناولت تاريخ الدولة الأيوبية قد انصّبت على معالجة النواحي السياسية، والعسكرية، أما الدراسات الإقتصادية فانها تكاد تكون نادرة، ومن هذا المنطلق جاء إختيارنا لموضوع البحث لالقاء الضوء على أسواق مصر آنذاك للتعرف على دورها الحيوي في حياة الناس كونها المكان الذي كان يجتمع فيه الناس للحصول على حاجاتهم المخُتلفة، وفيه يُمارس التجار، والحرفيون، والكسبة أنشطتهم الإقتصادية المُتّنوعة، ويبدو أنّ الإستقرار النسبي الذي شهدته مصر مُقارنة مع المدن الشامية التي كانت أكثر عرضة للتقلبات السياسية، وهجمات الصليبيين قد جعل الكثير من المدن المصرية، كالقاهرة، والإسكندرية مراكز اقتصادية مُشهورة، كثرت فيها الأسواق، والأنشطة التجارية المتنّوعة، كما تعّددت فيها العمائر التجارية مثل القياسر، والخانات، وأصبحت محطات لقوافل التجّار بين مشرق العالم الإسلامي، ومغربه، وكذلك مع الغرب الأوربي. وقد إرتأينا تقسيم البحث الى ثلاثة مباحث، وخاتمة : المبحث الأول : تمّ فيه التطرق لسياسة الأيوبيين، ودعمهم للأنشطة الإقتصادية، والمبحث الثاني : جاء للحديث عن الأسواق المصرية، وأنواعها، وما كان يُباع فيها من السلع والبضائع، كما تمّ التطّرق الى أبرز العوامل المؤثرة في حركة تلك الأسواق، والمبحث الثالث والأخير : فقد خُصّص للحديث عن نظام الإشراف، والرقابة على الأسواق، والصلاحيات، والمهام التي أناطها الأيوبيون بالمحتسبة في عملهم التنظيمي، والرقابي على الأسواق، واختتم البحث ببيان أهم النتائج.
Réponses syndicales à la sous-traitance
Authors: Jalette Patrice
Published: March 2019

La sous-traitance est l'un des plus importants défis pour les syndicats à l'heure actuelle. Cet article explore quatre positions  syndicales en matière de sous-traitance : opposition, défensive, abstention et offensive. Différents exemples tirés de nos observations sur le terrain permettent d'illustrer ici les différentes attitudes adoptées et les ressources susceptibles d'être mobilisées par les syndicats pour répondre à la sous-traitance. Le principal constat demeure que la réponse syndicale à la sous-traitance est bien souvent plus subtile et nuancée qu'une simple opposition inconditionnelle. Afin de conserver une certaine marge de manœuvre dans le développement et l'adoption d'une position en matière de sous-traitance, il est nécessaire pour un syndicat de travailler sur ses ressources de pouvoir. Quelques pistes sont suggérées pour y parvenir : le développement d'une vision globale, la mobilisation à l'interne, la construction de liens de solidarité à l'externe.
Subcontracting is one of the most important current challenges for unions. This article explores four union positions with regard to subcontracting: oppositional, defensive, abstentionist and proactive. It draws on different examples and cases from the author's research in the field to highlight the different union stances and the resources likely to be mobilized by unions in response to subcontracting. The major finding is that rather than a simple position of unconditional opposition, union responses to  subcontracting are highly varied and finely nuanced. Moreover, in order to enlarge its scope to develop a position on subcontracting, a union must work on its power resources. Several avenues are identified in order to reinforce these resources. It was found that a global vision, internal mobilization and the development of solidarity with outside groups all contribute to a greater capacity on the part of the union to deal with subcontracting.
Effectiveness of Complaint-Driven Regulation of Child Labour in Alberta
Authors: Barnetson Bob
Published: March 2019

This study further develops our understanding of the employment experiences of children (ages 9-11) and adolescents (ages 12-14) in the Canadian province of Alberta, with particular attention to illegal employment and the effectiveness of complaint-based regulation. Survey data demonstrates there is a significant degree of illegal employment among children and adolescents. Interview data suggests that complaint-driven regulation of child labour is ineffective because parents, children and adolescents cannot identify violations and do not take action to trigger state enforcement.
Should Congress Pass the Employee Free Choice Act? Some Neighborly Advice
Authors: Godard John , Rose Joseph B , Slinn Sara
Published: March 2019

American labour law is broken. As many as 60 percent of American workers would like to have a union, yet only 12 percent actually do. This is largely due to systematic employer interference, often in violation of existing laws. The Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA), currently before Congress, contains provisions to rectify this problem. Canada's experience with similar provisions can be helpful in evaluating the arguments surrounding this act. It suggests that the reforms proposed in EFCA can be expected to safeguard rather than deny employees' free choices. They will not alter the balance of power in collective bargaining, but only help to ensure that workers can exercise their basic right to meaningful representation at work and, potentially, to win gains that could help to reduce inequality and return America to prosperity.
Catalyst-Controlled C–H Functionalization of Adamantanes using Selective H-Atom Transfer
Authors: Yang Hai-Bin , Feceu Abigail , Martin David
Published: March 2019

A new method for the direct functionalization of diamondoids has been developed using photoredox and H-atom transfer catalysis. This C–H alkylation reaction has excellent chemoselectivity for the strong 3º C–H bonds of adamantanes in polyfunctional molecules. In substrate competition reactions, a reversal in selectivity is observed for the new H-atom transfer catalyst reported here when compared to six known photochemical systems. Derivatization of a broad scope of diamondoids and adamantane-containing drugs highlights the versatility and functional group tolerance of this C–H functionalization strategy.
Towards Density Functional Approximations from Coupled Cluster Correlation Energy Densities
Authors: Margraf Johannes T. , Kunkel Christian , Reuter Karsten
Published: March 2019

(Semi-)local density functional approximations (DFAs) are the workhorse electronic structure methods in condensed matter theory and surface science. The correlation energy density εc(r) (a spatial function that yields the correlation energy Ec upon integration) is central to defining such DFAs. Unlike Ec, εc(r) is not uniquely defined, however. Indeed, there are infinitely many functions that integrate to the correct Ec for a given electron density ρ. The challenge for constructing useful DFAs is thus to find a suitable connection between εc(r) and ρ. Herein, we present a new such approach by deriving εc(r) directly from the coupled- cluster (CC) energy expression. The corresponding energy densities are analyzed for prototypical two-electron systems. To explore their usefulness for designing DFAs, we construct a semilocal functional to approximate the numerical CC correlation energy densities. Importantly, the energy densities are not simply used as reference data, but guide the choice of the functional form, leading to a remarkably simple and accurate correlation functional for the Helium isoelectronic series.
The 2nd Annual McMaster Energy Week: Energy Nexus Competition
Authors: Joseph Damien , Chaudhari Hanu , Rogers Ryan , Ologunagba Folarin , Ahmed Maisha
Published: March 2019

The following abstracts were produced by delegates selected for the Energy Nexus Competition taking place during the 2nd annual McMaster Energy Week. The first three abstracts were selected as the winners of the competition, re-ported here in order of 1st place to 3rd. McMaster Energy Week is Canada's first student-led energy week that aims to take the complex and multi-faceted issue of climate change and present solutions towards building Canada's sustaina-ble future. We are bringing together academia, industry, government, communities, and students to further the dialogue on Canadian environment and energy. For more information on this visit https://www.mcmasterenergyweek.com/ or email chair@mcmasterenergyweek.com.
The Neuro-Image. Alain Resnais's Digital Cinema without the Digits
Authors: Pisters Patricia
Published: March 2019

Der Beitrag schlägt vor, das Kino des digitalen Zeitalters als einen neuen Typus des Bildes zu lesen: als Neuro-Bild. Im Rückgriff auf Gilles Deleuzes Kino-Bücher sowie sein Werk Differenz und Wiederholung argumentiert der Beitrag, dass das Neuro-Bild in der Zukunft begründet sei. Abschließend wird das Kino von Alain Resnais als Neuro-Bild und digitales Kino avant la lettre vorgestellt.

This paper proposes to read cinema in the digital age as a new type of image, the neuroimage. Going back to Gilles Deleuze's cinema books and it is argued that the neuro-image is based in the future. The cinema of Alain Resnais is analyzed as a neuro-image and digital cinema .
Medienverfassung
Authors: Steinhauer Fabian
Published: March 2019

Zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik entstehen die ersten Medienverfassungen, die nicht auf genuine Rechtstechniken oder Medientechniken reduziert werden können, sondern sich auf die Kontur von (juristischen) Personen und (politischen) Körpern auswirken und den Bestand der Rechtstexte insgesamt verändern. Anhand einer Lektüre von Texten Aby Warburgs und Carl Schmitts untersucht der Aufsatz, wie man Medienverfassungen einrichten kann.

At the times of the Weimar Republic, the first »medial constitutions« come into being. As »medial constitutions«, they cannot be reduced to genuine techniques neither of Law nor of mediums, but shape the contours of (legal) persons and (political) bodies and generally modify the corpus of legal texts. Reading texts by Aby Warburg and Carl Schmitt, the paper examines the way in which »medial constitutions« can be established.
Legitimation durch Kompromiss. Richten als Vermitteln in der Güteverhandlung
Authors: Bergann Johanna
Published: March 2019

Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht das alternative Konfliktlösungsverfahren der Mediation oder Vermittlung. Rechtliche Normen und Institute der Vermittlung, wie der juridische Vergleich oder das Güteverfahren, sollen mit der literarischen Figur der Richter-Mediatorin, namentlich Athene aus der Orestie des Aischylos, in einer doppelbezüglichen Perspektive auf Recht und Literatur verknüpft werden. Die Techniken der Vermittlung werden untersucht, um den Zusammenhang zwischen Recht und Vermittlung zu erhellen, der in einem nicht risikolosen Alternativverhältnis besteht.

The contribution focuses upon mediation as an alternative means to resolve conflicts. Considering the interdependence between law and literature, it relates legal norms and institutions of mediation, e.g. amicable settlements or conciliatory proceedings, to the literary figure of the female judge and mediator, especially Athena in Aeschylus's . It examines the techniques of mediation in order to clarify the relation between law and mediation, a relation of alternatives which is not risk-free.
Technical Objects in the Biological Century
Authors: Mackenzie Adrian
Published: March 2019

Wie unterscheidet sich ein Betriebssystem wie bspw. Linux von einer Mikrobe? Der Beitrag untersucht, wie technische Objekte im »Jahrhundert der Biologie« aufgefasst werden. Anhand des Werks von Gilbert Simondon wird gefragt, welche Existenzweisen biotechnische Objekte aufweisen. Die Prozesse von Abstraktion und Konkretisierung, die auf dem Feld der Synthetischen Biologie stattfinden, können einen Weg aufweisen, diese Fragen zu beantworten.

How does a computer operating system such as Linux differ from a microbe? This paper explores how technical objects are envisaged in the »century of biology«. Via the work of Gilbert Simondon, it asks what modes of existence biotechnical objects will display. The processes of abstraction and concretisation taking place in the field of synthetic biology offer one way to address these questions.
"Denn da ist keine Stelle, die dich nicht sieht."
Authors: Früchtl Josef
Published: March 2019

"Hegels Beobachtung von der Kunst als tausendäugigem Argus folgend lässt sich unter zeitgenössischen Bedingungen die These aufstellen, dass Kunst und Überwachungsstaat sich nicht zwingend gegenseitig ausschließen, sondern ineinander spiegeln. Der Film minority report bietet dazu als populäres Kunstwerk anschauliche Selbstreflexion. Die leitende Frage ist, ob und inwiefern dieser Film eine Legitimierung oder Delegitimierung der normativen Ordnung leistet.

Following Hegel's remark that art is a “thousand-eyed Argos,” one can formulate the assumption that under contemporary conditions art and surveillance state do not necessarily exclude, but reflect each other. The film minority report as popular art offers a visual self-reflection on this proposition. The central question is whether and to what extend this film performs a legitimization or delegitimization of the normative order.
"
The City—A Popular Assembly
Authors: Schwarte Ludger
Published: March 2019

The architecture of cities provides infrastructures for thousands of people.Yet if it seems that the primary task of this architecture is to make the administration of many people, their living together, their work, their leisure, possible on a rational and dense basis, we ought not oversee that the fulfillment of these functions is not a sufficient condition of what makes a city. Important characteristics of urbanity rather enable the meeting of a multitude of people. Cities count among the conditions for social events insofar as they assemble. In my paper, I propose to analyze this architectural condition as the decisive difference between »Being With« in contrast to just »Being next to«.
Islands of Stability: Engaging Emergence from Cellular Automata to the Occupy Movement
Authors: Pickering Andrew
Published: March 2019

"Instead of considering »being with« in terms of non-problematic, machine-like places, where reliable entities assemble in stable relationships, STS conjures up a world where the achievement of chancy stabilisations and synchronisations is local.We have to analyse how and where a certain regularity and predictability in the intersection of scientists and their instruments, say, or of human individuals and groups, is produced.The paper reviews models of emergence drawn from the history of cybernetics—the canonical »black box,« homeostats, and cellular automata—to enrich our imagination of the stabilisation process, and discusses the concept of »variety« as a way of clarifying its difficulty, with the antiuniversities of the 1960s and the Occupy movement as examples. Failures of »being with« are expectable. In conclusion, the paper reviews approaches to collective decision-making that reduce variety without imposing a neoliberal hierarchy.
"
Über das Dokumentarische
Authors: Farocki Harun
Published: March 2019

"Die hier veröffentlichten Ausführungen »Über das Dokumentarische« wollen nicht begrifflich erläutern, was das Dokumentarische ist und was es vom Fiktiven unterscheidet, sondern was dem Film selbst als dokumentarisch gilt und wie das Dokumentarische filmisch hergestellt wird. Ein wesentlicher Unterschied zwischen Spielfilm und Dokumentarfilm ist dabei der Unterschied zwischen einer antizipierenden und einer verfolgenden Kamera.

The remarks »On the Documentary« that are published here are not supposed to explain conceptually what exactly the documentary is and by which means it can be distinguished from the fictive, but what the film itself counts to be documentary and how the documentary is produced by film. An essential difference between fictional and documentary film is the difference between an anticipating and a pursuing camera.
"
Schwarze Lichter? Bildlogische Operationen bei Michelangelo und Matisse
Authors: Pichler Wolfram
Published: March 2019

In bestimmten Artefakten, die als >Bilder< klassifizierbar sind, wurden so verdächtige Phänomene wie >schwarze Glanzlichter< gesichtet, und es soll Gemälde geben, in denen Schwarz die Rolle einer >Farbe des Lichts< übernimmt. Wer sich überzeugt hat, dass solche Erscheinungen tatsächlich nachweisbar sind, und herausbekommen möchte, durch welche Operationen sie hervorgebracht werden, sieht sich auf grundlegende bildtheoretische Unterscheidungen wie die Differenz zwischen Bildvehikel und Bildobjekt verwiesen.

In certain artifacts, which can be classified as images, suspicious phenomena such as >black highlights< have been spotted, and paintings are said to exist, in which black plays the role of a >color of light<. Who has persuaded himself that such phenomena are in fact de tectable, and would like to find out by which operations they are produced, is referred to basic distinctions of image theory, such as the difference between >image vehicle< and >image object<.
Bauen Knoten Verbinden
Authors: Ingold Tim
Published: March 2019

"Der Beitrag greift Gottfried Sempers Perspektive auf, dass das Bauen wie das Textile ihren Ursprung in Praktiken des Knotens haben. Ein Vergleich des Knotens mit den vorherrschenden Metaphern des Bausteins, der Kette und des Behälters zeigt, wie sich das Knoten in die Bereiche des Materials, der Bewegung, der Wahrnehmung und der menschlichen Beziehungen einschreibt. Doch der Knoten verbindet Dinge >miteinander<, statt sie >zusammenzufügen<, eher durch Sympathie als durch Gelenkverbindungen. Das führt zu einem Vergleich der tektonischen und stereotomischen Aspekte des Bauens, insbesondere der Mauer. Ist die Mauer auf dem Grund errichtet, wie der Wolkenkratzer, oder ist sie, wie der Berg, eine Falte im Grund selbst? Geht man vom Knoten aus, gelangt man zu letzterem Schluss.

The paper follows Gottfried Semper's thesis that building – just like the textile – originates in practices of the knot. A comparison of the knot with dominant metaphors of the construction stone, the chain and the con tainer shows how knotting is inscribed in the fields of material, movement, perception and human relations. But the knot connects things with each other, instead of simply adding them; it is a connection by sympathy rather than by joints. That leads to a comparison of tectonic and stereotomic aspects of building, especially of the wall. Is the wall constructed on the ground, like the skyscraper, or is it a fold in the ground itself, like the mountain? If one pursues the idea of the knot, one arrives at the latter conclusion.
"
Klangteppiche. Transmediale Verhältnisse zwischen Weberei und Musik
Authors: Schneider Birgit
Published: March 2019

Ausgehend von der griechischen Mythologie werden die vielfältigen Beziehungen zwischen Singen und Weben, dem Flechttanz und den strukturellen Ähnlichkeiten von Notationsformen und Steuerungsprinzipien in Musik und Weberei ausgelotet. Es zeigt sich, dass das Verhältnis der Zeitkunst Musik und der Raumkunst Weberei weit über das hinausweist, was sich im bloß metaphorischen Sprechen von >Klanggeweben< abzeichnet. Die Beziehung zwischen Kunstformen und Medien bringt vielmehr mythischspirituelle Ebenen zum Ausdruck. Die Umwandlung von Geweben in Musik respektive Musik in Weberei wiederum macht das kreative Potential der Transposition fruchtbar.

Based on Greek mythology, the multiple relationships between singing and weaving, »Flechttanz« (»weaving dance«) and the structural similarities of forms of notation and principles of control in music and weaving are explored. It is found that the relationship between music (as a temporal art) and weaving (as a spatial art) goes far beyond that which the metaphor of »sound tissues« points at. Rather, the relationship between art forms and media expresses mythical and spiritual levels. The transformation of tissues in music or, respectively, music in tissues, makes the creative potential of transposition productive.
Couleurs à la mode. Impressionism as an Effect of the Chemical Industry
Authors: Kittler Wolf
Published: March 2019

"Die Erfindung von Anilin und anderen synthetischen Farbstoffen in der zweiten Hälfte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts ist der Beginn einer neuen Epoche. Die von der noch jungen chemischen Industrie produzierten neuen Farben sind nicht nur leuchtender als die meisten der traditionellen Farbstoffe, sondern auch viel billiger. Sie verändern das Aussehen von Frauen auf den Straßen der modernen Stadt. Unter den ersten Medien, die diese Revolution bemerken und dokumentieren, sind Modezeitschriften, realistische Romane und impressionistische Gemälde. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die strahlenden Farben der neuen Palette der impressionistischen Maler ein direkter Effekt der chemischen Industrie sind.

The invention of aniline and other synthetic dyes in the second half of the nineteenth century is the beginning of a new epoch.

The new colors produced by the fledgling chemical industry are not only brighter than most of the traditional dyestuffs, but also much cheaper. They change the appearance of women on the streets of the modern city.

Among the first media to notice and document this revolution are fashion magazines, realist novels, and Impressionist paintings. I argue that the bright colors on the new palette of Impressionist painters are a direct effect of the chemical industry. "
Querulatorisches Schreiben
Authors: Gaderer Rupert
Published: March 2019

"Um 1900 interessierte sich die Psychiatrie für »eigentümliche Schriftstücke« von »paranoiden Querulanten«. Indizien für das Krankheitsbild »Querulanten-Paranoia« waren Anomalien der materiellen Schriftspur und der Performanz des Schreibens. Diese Diagnosen über das Rauschen des Schriftzugs und die querulatorische Schreibszene lassen sich bis auf bürokratische Beschlüsse des späten 18. Jahrhunderts zurückführen. Gesetze und Deklarationen etwa, in denen der Querulant als Typus eines spezifischen Klägers in den Gerichtsverfahren der preußischen Bürokratie wirkmächtig installiert wurde. Was psychiatrische und bürokratische Diskussionen dabei beschäftigte, ist etwas, das »mimetischer Parasitismus« genannt werden kann.

Around 1900, psychiatry was interested in »peculiar documents« from »paranoid malcontents.« Anomalies in the performance and tracing of handwriting were considered as evidence for the clinical picture »malcontent's paranoia.« These diagnoses concerning the noise of writing and the querulous scene of writing can be traced back to bureaucratic decisions of the 18th century: For example, laws and declarations which established the malcontent as a specific type of plaintiff in the legal proceedings of the Prussian bureaucracy. These psychiatric and bureaucratic discussions were concerned with something that one might call »mimetic parasitism.«
"
Evaluating a Model to Increase Doctorate Program Completion Rates: A Focus on Social Connectedness and Structure
Authors: Breitenbach Erin
Published: March 2019

Aim/Purpose: New models of curriculum and instruction are needed to help increase completion rates of doctoral programs, as only about half of all students who begin doctoral programs complete them. This paper presents preliminary results of an evaluation of a promising new model called the Ewing Model© where the culminating projects of a doctoral program is completed in a series of five sequential courses with a cohort.

Background: The Ewing Model©, a new model for completing a doctoral research project (DRP) in an online Doctor of Education (EdD) program, was implemented and evaluated for two predictors of doctoral program completion – social connectedness and usefulness of the curriculum and instruction. Previous research has shown these are salient factors predicting doctoral student success.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative study. An online survey of students who were in the midst of taking one of five sequential DRP courses was emailed in the middle of a term. Survey question answers were posed as 5-point Likert scale options, and means were calculated.

Contribution: This paper provides evidence that the Ewing Model© for completing a culminating project in a doctoral program that facilitates social connectedness and provides structure might be effective in helping students to complete their doctoral programs.

Findings: Social connectedness and usefulness of the curriculum and instruction were generally high among students going through the DRP process. The frequency of online discussion forums was found to play a role in how connected students felt.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Institutions of higher education could consider using a similar model to achieve improved social connectedness and usefulness of the curriculum and instruction, which may help doctoral students complete their doctoral programs. They might also consider incorporating other teaching strategies into the same model that may intervene on other predictors of doctoral program completion.

Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should take into account that many other individual and environmental factors besides social connectedness and usefulness of the curriculum and instruction influence doctoral program completion.

Impact on Society: The findings have implications for improving doctoral program completion rates, which also alleviates the economic, social, and emotional strain that results from unfinished doctoral degrees.

Future Research: Future research could focus on evaluating variations of the Ewing Model© depending on the unique requirements of different types of culminating projects in doctoral programs, assessing other known predictors of doctoral program completion besides social connectedness and usefulness of the curriculum and instruction, and assessing student completion rates using this model.