bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Stimulation of Subiculum for the Treatment of Refractory Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Vázquez-Barrón Daruni , Cuéllar-Herrera Manola , Velasco Francisco , Velasco Ana Luisa
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Evidence has been provided that the subiculum may play an important role in the generation of seizures. Electrical stimulation at this target has been reported to have anticonvulsive effects in kindling and pilocarpine rat models, while in a clinical study of hippocampal deep brain stimulation (DBS), contacts closest to the subiculum were associated with a better anticonvulsive effect. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation of the subiculum in patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) who have hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Methods: Six patients with refractory MTLE and HS, who had focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS), had DBS electrodes implanted in the subiculum. During the first month after implantation, all patients were OFF stimulation, then they all completed an open-label follow-up of 24 months ON stimulation. DBS parameters were set at 3 V, 450 µs, 130 Hz, cycling stimulation 1 min ON, 4 min OFF. Results: There was a mean reduction of 49.16% (±SD 41.65) in total seizure number (FIAS + FBTCS) and a mean reduction of 67.93% (±SD 33.33) in FBTCS at 24 months. FBTCS decreased significantly with respect to baseline, starting from month 2 ON stimulation. Conclusions: Subiculum stimulation is effective for FBTCS reduction in patients with MTLE and HS, suggesting that the subiculum mediates the generalization rather than the genesis of mesial temporal lobe seizures. Better results are observed at longer follow-up times.
Comparison of Psychological Distress and Demand Induced by COVID-19 during the Lockdown Period in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis: A Cross-Section Study in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Xia Xiaoxiao , Wu Xiaofang , Zhou Xueli , Zang Zhiyun , Pu Li , Li Zi
Published: October 2020

Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, it has spread rapidly and widely, bringing great psychological pressure to the public. In order to prevent the epidemic, traffic lockdown was required in many areas of China, which led to inconvenience of treatment for dialysis patients. This study was conducted to explore the psychological distress and the psychological demand induced by CO­VID-19 in the patients undergoing dialysis and compare the difference between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients during the traffic lockdown period. Methods: Questionnaires were given to the dialysis patients in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was used to investigate the patients’ trauma-related distress in response to COVID-19. Results: 232 eligible respondents were enrolled in this cross-section study, consisting of 156 PD patients and 76 HD patients. The median IES score for all the enrolled patients was 8.00 (2.00–19.00), which belonged to the subclinical dimension of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). HD patients had a significant higher IES score than PD patients (11.50 vs. 8.00) (p < 0.05). HD patients already got more psychological support from the medical staff. According to IES scores, 22.4% HD patients and 13.4% PD patients were classified as having moderate or severe PTSS, which need psychological support (p < 0.05). But more patients of both groups considered psychological support was necessary (HD: 50%, PD: 45.5%) (p > 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, we found that dialysis vintage, the impact of COVID-19 on the severity of illness and daily life, and confidence in overcoming the disease contributed to IES score (p < 0.05). Conclusions: HD patients had more severe trauma-related stress symptoms than PD patients. When major public healthy events occurred, careful psychological estimate and sufficient psychological support should be provided to the dialysis patients, especially to the HD patients.
Application of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: A 10-Year Experience in a Single Japanese Institution
Authors: Hirata Yukiya , Higuchi Kayoko , Tamashiro Koichi , Koja Keisuke , Yasutomi Yuiko , Matsuzaki Akiko , Yoshimi Naoki
Published: October 2020

Objective: The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is a recently published evidence-based categorization system for salivary gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA). We applied MSRSGC to Japanese cases and evaluated its utility. Study Design: A total of 480 FNA cases were reviewed. We recategorized each case into one of the MSRSGC categories. The risk of neoplasm (RON) and the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category in MSRSGC, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for malignancy and for neoplasms were calculated for cases with histological follow-up. In addition, the overall ROM (O-ROM) was calculated for all FNA cases. Results: RON, ROM, and O-ROM rates were as follows – non-diagnostic: 51.3, 5.1, and 1.0%; non-neoplastic: 0, 0, and 0%; atypia of undetermined significance: 83.9, 12.9, and 7.3%; neoplasm, benign: 100, 0, and 0%; salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential: 100, 32.1, and 23.7%; suspicious for malignancy: 100, 85.7, and 60%; and malignant: 100, 100, 81.8%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with (without) indeterminate cases for malignancy were 65 (100), 99 (99), 92% (99%) and PPV and NPV were 96 and 100%, respectively, and those for neoplasms were 84 (100), 100 (100), 85% (100%), and PPV and NPV were 100 and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: The MSRSGC is useful for stratification of ROM and for promoting the performance of salivary gland FNA. The MSRSGC could be easily introduced in Japan and may improve the Japanese salivary gland FNA status.
Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Oral Anticoagulants: Comparison of the Population-Based Stroke Registry of Dijon and the French National Health Databases
Authors: Gabet Amélie , Olié Valérie , Béjot Yannick
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the complementarity of the French national health database (Système national des données de Santé, SNDS) and the Dijon Stroke Registry for the epidemiology of stroke patients with anticoagulated atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: The SNDS collects healthcare prescriptions and procedures reimbursed by the French national health insurance for almost all of the 66 million individuals living in France. A previously published algorithm was used to identify AF newly treated with oral anticoagulants. The Dijon Stroke Registry is a population-based study covering the residents of the city of Dijon since 1985 and records all stroke cases of the area. We compared the proportions of stroke patients with anticoagulated AF in the city of Dijon identified in SNDS databases to those registered in the Dijon Stroke Registry. Results: For the period 2013–2017 in the city of Dijon, 1,146 strokes were identified in the SNDS and 1,188 in the registry. The proportion of strokes with anticoagulated AF was 13.4% in the SNDS and 20.3% in the Dijon Stroke Registry. Very similar characteristics were found between patients identified through the 2 databases. The overall prevalence of AF in stroke patients could be estimated only in the Dijon stroke registry and was 30.4% for the study period. Discussion/Conclusion: If administrative health databases can be a useful tool to study the epidemiology of anticoagulated AF in stroke patients, population-based stroke registries as the Dijon Stroke Registry remain essential to fully study the epidemiology of strokes with anticoagulated AF.
Angiographic Review of Choroidal Involution in Eyes with Retinopathy of Prematurity Treated with Bevacizumab
Authors: Islam Yasmin , Andersen Lorick , Agarwal-Sinha Swati
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is considered a disease of the inner retina; however, there is increasing evidence that demonstrates choroidal vasculature loss in ROP, leading to degeneration of outer retinal function and visual deterioration. Central choroidal thinning is noted in children with history of ROP using optical coherence tomography imaging. This study characterizes the presence and persistence of choroidal loss angiographically in eyes of infants treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for stage 3 ROP. Methods: The fluorescein angiography (FA) images of 62 eyes of 31 infants treated with IVB monotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. The eyes with good quality early-, mid-, and late-phase imaging were included in this study. The presence of choroidal hypofluoresence involving the central and or peripheral retina was noted. In infants with multiple FAs, serial FAs were analyzed for persistence of choroidal hypofluorescence. Results: The mean age and birth weight of infants was 24.4 weeks post-menstrual age and 683 g, respectively. All infants received IVB monotherapy. Twenty-four of 62 angiography images of sufficient quality reviewed showed the presence of choroidal hypofluorescence involving central and peripheral lobular loss in the early phase and its persistence into mid- and late phases. Twelve eyes demonstrated persistent choroidal loss on sequential FA until 3 years chronological age. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the presence of choroidal vascular loss angiographically both central and peripheral fundus in infants with ROP. It highlights the critical role of choroidal involution in outer retinal function that could affect visual outcomes.
New species and new record in Lamiinae from Espírito Santo (Brazil) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Eriberto de Lima , Nearns Eugenio H. , Botero Juan Pablo , Santos-Silva Antonio , Martins David dos Santos
Published: October 2020

Four new species are described from Brazil (Espírito Santo): Xylergates quinquetuberculatus (Acanthocinini); Trichonius w-notatus (Acanthocinini); Pseudobeta casariae (Onciderini); Xenofrea mariae (Xenofreini). Additionally, Nyssodrysina infima (Bates, 1885) is recorded for the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo for the first time.
Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Philodryadini Cope, 1886 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae): Rediscovering the diversity of the South American Racers
Authors: Arredondo Juan Camilo , Grazziotin Felipe Gobbi , Scrocchi Manfrini Gustavo Jose , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut Urbano , Bonatto Sandro Luís , Zaher Hussam El Dine
Published: October 2020

South American racers of the tribe Philodryadini are a widespread and diverse group of Neotropical snakes with a complex taxonomic and systematic history. Recent studies failed to present a robust phylogenetic hypothesis for the tribe, mainly due to incomplete taxon sampling. Here we provide the most extensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of Philodryadini available so far, including 20 species (83% of the known diversity) from which six were not sampled previously. Our results reveal that Philodryadini is not monophyletic, but instead includes a central Andean clade formed by Philodryas simonsii, P. tachymenoides, and P. amaru, and a southern and cis-Andean clade including all remaining philodryadines. This discovery requires resurrection of two genera as well as erection of a new tribe of Xenodontinae for the central Andean clade. Within the southern and cis-Andean radiation, our analyses resolve a basal dichotomy separating two main lineages: Clade A, containing the Common Green Racers P. laticeps and P. viridissima and the South American Vine snakes P. georgeboulengeri and P. argentea; and Clade B, including the remaining species of Philodryas sensu stricto. We resurrect the genera Chlorosoma and Xenoxybelis to better represent the monophyly of lineages within the southern and cis-Andean clade.
Uso de canabidiol como terapia adjuvante em paciente com síndrome de Zellweger: relato de caso
Authors: Oliveira Samilly , Machado Elias , Fóla Fabricio , Carneiro Zumira Aparecida , Lourenço Charles Marques
Published: October 2020

Também denominada síndrome cerebrohepatorenal, a síndrome de Zellweger é uma doença autossômica recessiva rara, pertencente ao espectro de erros inatos do metabolismo que afetam os peroxissomos. São causados ​​principalmente por mutações em qualquer um dos 14 genes PEX diferentes que codificam para proteínas envolvidas na montagem do peroxissoma, sendo a mais comum do PEX1. O quadro clínico geralmente é observado no período neonatal e primeira infância, incluindo alterações faciais, hipotonia profunda e ausência de reflexos neonatais, além de disfagia, disfunção hepática e convulsões. O diagnóstico é feito a partir da clínica e testes bioquímicos e confirmados pela visualização da mutação em um dos 14 genes PEX. Como não há tratamento específico, é feito tratamento sintomático. Nosso paciente masculino de 1 ano e 9 meses apresentou a hipotonia congênita como sintoma marcante, além de crises convulsivas recorrentes logo após o nascimento. Evoluiu com necessidade de gastrostomia e estagnação de marcos neuromotores. O diagnóstico foi confirmado aos seis meses, através da dosagem de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa. Crises convulsivas evoluíram de maneira refratária a diversos anticonvulsivantes e com elevada frequência diária, por isso iniciamos canabidiol (CBD-RSHO GOLD) por via enteral que reduziu significantemente as crises. Não há tratamento definitivo para esta enfermidade, sendo importante tratamento sintomático das crises convulsivas e terapias de reabilitação, nesse caso, o uso de (CBD- RSHO GOLD) provocou uma redução de 92% na frequência de crises diárias do paciente. No entanto, não é possível concluir, ainda, melhoras em outros sinais e sintomas.
Retorno ao Fragmento 31: tradução, gênero e sexualidade
Authors: Leite Letticia Batista Rodrigues
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é retomar uma das mais célebres composições de Safo de Lesbos (VII-VI a.C.), o fragmento 31, concentrando-se em dois aspectos precisos: as marcas de gênero da voz poética enunciadora e das personagens postas em cena por ela e sua intersecção com os horizontes de leitura relativos às manifestações de érōs expressas nessa composição. Para argumentar a favor da importância dos aspectos supracitados, faço um breve comentário acerca de algumas das direções de interpretação mais frequentes desse fragmento, assim como apresento e comento duas de suas traduções, feitas em francês. Por fim, e com o mesmo intuito, apresento e comento cinco traduções brasileiras recentes.
Comentario de Gallego, J. & Fernández, C. (Comps.). (2019). Democracia, pasión de multitudes. Política, comedia y emociones en la Atenas clásica.
Authors: Gerardi Juan
Published: October 2020

Se comenta el libro compilado por Julián Gallego y Claudia Fernández Democracia, pasión de multitudes. Política, comedia y emociones en la Atenas clásica.
Geografia da população e Literatura
Authors: Milléo José Carlos
Published: October 2020

A geografia da população acumula um considerável cabedal de conhecimentos sobre o homem nos aspectos mais básicos de sua existência. Neste manancial encontram-se ali dissecados as possibilidades e escolhas de consumo deste homem, a duração de sua existência, seu sexo e suas tendências reprodutivas e até mesmo os aspectos de sua morte. É preciso reconhecer que essa operação de triagem, classificação e ponderação mostra-se altamente eficaz no processo de administração dos crescentes números sob a tutela e vigilância do Estado ou nas esferas do planejamento privado. Por outro lado, há uma incômoda lacuna entre este ramo e a literatura. Esta, se não tem o homem como objeto único, lhe está do mesmo modo visceralmente ligada, habilitando-se tranquilamente a tornar-se uma privilegiada fonte de inspiração ou de subsídios à geografia da população.
Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é passar em revista tal lacuna, enquanto busca simultaneamente investigar algumas de suas razões. Como decorrência do aludido objetivo, a paisagem aparece como um conceito que pode estabelecer esta ligação. Neste sentido, para fundamentar a proposição que ora encaminhamos, dois argumentos principais são convocados: a paisagem é examinada como um conceito dotado de grande tradição dentro da pesquisa geográfica, mas, principalmente, é considerada sua habilitação, tendo em vista a origem diretamente ligada à arte. Por fim, como saldo deste esforço são apontados alguns caminhos abertos à conciliação, com destaque para uma nova postura que a geografia da população precisa assumir diante da aparência, do visível, bem como do papel subjetividade na análise do fenômeno geográfico.
Nomenclature of the partial infrageneric classification proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by René C.J.E. Maire in 1976

Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: October 2020

The French-born botanist René Charles Joseph Ernest Maire, inter alia, contributed the treatment of the Crassulaceae, as volume XIV, for the Flore de l’Afrique de Nord (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Cyrénaïque et Sahara) project (Maire 1976). Maire was born on 29 May 1878 in Lons-le-Saunier, in eastern France, and died on 24 November 1949 in Algiers, Algeria, with his name therefore appropriately prefixed with “†” on the title page of volume XIV of the Flore. He ended his career as Rector of the University of Algiers.
A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti 1768) species group (Anura, Bufonidae) from southern Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: ÁVILA ROBSON WALDEMAR , MORAIS DRAUSIO HONORIO , PEREZ RENATA , PANSONATO ANDRÉ , DE CARVALHO VINICIUS TADEU , ROJAS ROMMEL R. , GORDO MARCELO , FARIAS IZENI PIRES
Published: October 2020

Neotropical toads from the Rhinella margaritifera species group have been considered a taxonomic puzzle for a long time. Because of the high morphological similarity and an unknown number of undescribed taxa among the species of this group, we did an extensive search for character distribution within all nominal taxa. Herein we describe Rhinella parecis sp. nov. a new species from Southern Brazilian Amazon. We provide a morphological diagnosis, morphometric comparisons with similar species, and a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis on the relationships of the new species. Rhinella parecis sp. nov. is assigned to the R. margaritifera group and differs from others species by snout-vent length ranging 40.7–53.5 mm in males (n=12) and 44.9–54.8 mm in females (n=4), snout rounded in dorsal view, acute with fleshy ridge extending to tip of snout in lateral view, canthal and pre-orbital crests absent, supra-orbital, parietal and supra-tympanic crests present and low, dorsolateral row of tubercles present, bony protrusion at the angle of jaws absent, tympanum evident, vertebral apophyses absent and toes half-webbed. The new species is the 20th species associated to the R. margaritifera group distributed in the Chapada dos Parecis, a probable center of endemism in states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso, Brazil.
High-Resolution CT Findings of Leukemia Pulmonary Infiltration and Chemotherapy Outcome and In Vitro Study of Human Lung Tissue
Authors: Xie Caide , Zhao Tianjing , Fang Liang
Published: October 2020

In order to explore the high-resolution CT findings of leukemia pulmonary infiltration and chemotherapy outcomes and the in vitro study of human lung tissue, this paper selected a total of 120 clinically or surgically confirmed leukemia patients at the designated hospital of
the study from December 2014 to December 2018, and divided them into three groups according to the random number table method: pulmonary infiltration group, chemotherapy outcome group and in vitro study group, with 40 cases in each group. The CT imaging features of the three groups
of patients were observed and summarized respectively; the anomalous evaluation indexes of pulmonary parenchyma tissue abnormalities included CT halo sign, air crescent sign, lung segment consolidation, bronchial vascular bundle and nodules; the CT abnormalities such as thickening of the interlobular
septum, bronchial interstitial thickening, nodular shadow, ground glassy change, and air cavity consolidation were selected as observation indicators. The results show that all cases have multiple solid nodules or multiple plaques, varying in number, size and distribution, in which 13 cases
have multiple patchy shadows, 9 cases have multiple knots and 11 cases have multiple plaques and nodules; lesions are mainly distributed along the bronchial vessels in 21 cases, and 9 cases are along the center of the small leaves and 5 cases are randomly distributed; there are 13 cases that
have frosted glass, in which 4 cases with pleural effusion, 9 cases with mold infection, show multiple patchy shadows with halo signs and layered mold balls. In summary, leukemia pulmonary infiltration has polymorphic high-resolution CT findings and chemotherapy outcomes; high-resolution CT
imaging and in vitro studies of human lung tissue have important clinical and pathological research value for leukemia infiltration and chemotherapy outcome. The results of this study provide a reference for the further researches on high-resolution CT findings of pulmonary infiltration
and chemotherapy outcomes and in vitro studies of human lung tissue.
Prediction Algorithm of Regional Lymph Node Metastasis of Rectal Cancer Based on Improved Deep Neural Network
Authors: Wang Yang , Zheng Yunsong , Jia Qi , Wang Yuetong
Published: October 2020

MR imaging omics is an emerging method that uses data representation algorithms to transform image data into high-dimensional digable feature spaces that capture different tumor phenotypic differences and may have predictive prognostic capabilities. In this paper, the MR imaging omics
method is used to construct a predefined image omics quantitative feature database to quantitatively describe tumor heterogeneity. Combining traditional machine learning models, constructing image omics tags to create a scientific, quantitative and easy to use Prognostic analysis model for
rectal cancer can predict and analyze the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer before surgery. The improved neural network-based method proposed in this paper does not require manual selection of parameters, and only a large amount of training data can train accurate prediction models.
In addition, this paper also introduces the method of extracting lymph node metastasis parameters from MR image rectal cancer area, and the strategy for data missing value completion. Experiments show that the MR imaging of regional rectal cancer regional lymph node metastasis prediction model
based on improved deep neural network is better than formula prediction method and traditional artificial neural network based model, which reduces the prediction error. Further analysis also shows the missing value completion proposed in this paper. The method can effectively strengthen the
training of deep neural networks.
Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Real-Time Dynamic Detection of Luschka Joint Hyperplasia of Cervical Vertebrae
Authors: Gao Chenwei , Xu Dakui , Sun Chenxi
Published: October 2020

In order to explore the application of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) in real-time dynamic detection of Luschka joint hyperplasia of cervical vertebrae, a total of 80 patients who were diagnosed as cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type and underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound
and three-dimensional computed tomography angiograph (3D-CTA) examination at a designated hospital by this study from December 2016 to December 2018 were selected as study subjects. Taking 3D-CTA as gold standard, the results of MSKUS and 3D-CTA were compared and their correlation and consistency
analysis were performed; the sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, false negative rate and diagnostic compliance rate of MSKUS were calculated for evaluating the lateral hyperplasia of Luschka joint; the Kappa values were used to compare the test results' consistency, which were divided
into three categories of high consistency, general consistency, and poor consistency to evaluate the lateral hyperplasia of Luschka joint. The results show that the sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, false negative rate, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and
diagnostic coincidence rate of MSKUS in evaluating the lateral hyperplasia of Luschka joint were 87.34%, 95.78%, 2.49%, 12.45%, 93.02%, 92.18%, and 94.67%, respectively; there was no significantly statistical difference between the MSKUS and 3D-CTA evaluation results (χ2
= 0.34, P > 0.05) and they have higher correlation (K = 0.82) and excellent consistency (K = 0.769). Therefore, it is concluded that the MSKUS has a good validity in evaluating the lateral hyperplasia of cervical vertebrae joints. The study results of this paper provide
a reference for further research on the application of MSKUS in real-time dynamic detection of Luschka joint hyperplasia of cervical vertebrae.
Early Detection of Readmission Risk for Decision Support Based on Clinical Notes
Authors: Teo Kareen , Yong Ching Wai , Chuah Joon Huang , Murphy Belinda Pingguan , Lai Khin Wee
Published: October 2020

Hospital readmission shortly after discharge is contributing to rising medical care costs. Attempts have been exerted to reduce readmission rates by predicting patients at high risk of this episode on the basis of unstructured clinical notes. Discharge summary as part of the clinical
prose is effective at modeling readmission risk. However, the predictive value of notes written upon discharge offers few opportunities to reduce the chance of readmission because the target patient might have already been discharged. This paper presents the use of early clinical notes in
building a machine learning model to predict readmission at 48 h immediately after a patient's admission. Extensive feature engineering, testing multiple algorithms, and algorithm tuning were performed to enhance model performance. A risk scoring framework that combines the data- and knowledge-driven
feature scores in risk computation was developed. The proposed predictive model showed better prognostic capability than the machine learning model alone in terms of the ability to detect readmission. In specific, the proposed algorithm showed improvements of 11%–28% in sensitivity and
1%–3% in the area-under-the-receiver operating characteristic curve.
Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound Imaging in Obstetrics and Gynecology Acute Abdomen
Authors: Li Sicong , Xu Liangzhi
Published: October 2020

Common types of gynecological acute abdomen include ovarian cyst pedicle torsion, ectopic pregnancy, luteal rupture, and acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Make accurate diagnosis and surgical treatment of acute abdomen patients in obstetrics and gynecology in time, otherwise it will
cause life danger or loss of organ function, therefore, accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of gynecological acute abdomen is very important for the prognosis of patients. Ultrasound imaging has important clinical value for the diagnosis of acute abdomen in obstetrics and gynecology.
Ultrasound imaging has the advantages of simple examination, rapid reporting, and no pain in the subject, which is one of the best methods for diagnosing acute abdomen in obstetrics and gynecology. This study analysed and summarized the imaging principles of ultrasound imaging in acute obstetrics
and gynecology and the imaging characteristics of various acute abdomen. A retrospective analysis of patients with acute obstetrics and gynaecology performed in our hospital from December 2017 to June 2019 was performed. The diagnostic analysis of ultrasound imaging in acute obstetrics and
gynaecology was performed. The results showed that the ultrasound imaging diagnosis results of 202 obstetric and gynecological acute abdomen patients were compared with the results of surgery and pathological diagnosis. Among the 182 cases with correct ultrasound imaging diagnosis, the coincidence
rate was 90.1%, and 20 cases were misdiagnosed, accounting for 9.9%. The research of this study shows that the ultrasound examination technique for patients with acute obstetrics and gynaecology is simple, fast, non-invasive, and has high accuracy. Ultrasound imaging can provide reliable objective
evidence for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of most acute abdominal diseases, in order to improve the diagnosis rate and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.
The Effect of Intravenous Thrombolysis on Transient Ischemic Attack and Cerebral Infarction Patients Under the Guidance of Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Song Aixia , Chen Jing , Sun Yan , Wang Xiaoqin , Zhang Jichao , Zou Yuan , Xue Qian
Published: October 2020

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of intravenous thrombolysis in the treatment of TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) and cerebral infarction with multimodal MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods:
Patients with acute cerebral infarction diagnosed and treated with intravenous thrombolysis were enrolled in the study. Multimodal MRI was performed to determine the location and type of cerebral infarction. Based on routine treatment and care, the rt-PA (Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator)
intravenous thrombolytic therapy was applied. The NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) scores of patients before and after treatment were evaluated and compared to analyze the neurological prognosis. Results: The NIHSS scores after treatment were significantly lower than
those before treatment, and the neurological prognosis was good. Three different forms of ACVS (asymmetric cortical venous signs) after treatment could be observed by SWI (drug-sensitive weighted imaging) images, which could help to assess the prognosis. Conclusion: Multimodal MRI could
evaluate the type and severity of acute cerebral infarction. The rt-PA intravenous thrombolytic therapy could effectively promote the recovery of neurological functions in patients with cerebral infarction, which was worthy of clinical promotion.
Exploring the Conditions of Atelectasis in General Anesthesia Patients at Different Time Nodes and Different Chest Areas by Ultrasound Images
Authors: Tang Yu , Yang Yanchao , Oannidis Yannis , Rin Kathe
Published: October 2020

Objective: To find a more convenient and effective method for monitoring the conditions and changes of atelectasis, the Lung Ultrasound (LUS) scores of general anesthesia patients at different time nodes and different chest areas were evaluated under ultrasound images to determine
the conditions of atelectasis of the patients. Methods: Patients who underwent general anesthesia were included as research objects. After general anesthesia, LUS was performed on 12 different chest areas of patients respectively on 1 day preoperatively (T1), 30 minutes (min)
after extubation of general anesthesia (T2), 24 hours (h) postoperatively (T3), and 48 h postoperatively (T4). The LUS scores were recorded and compared. Results: Among the lung ultrasound images of the classic case, at T1, the patient was in normal lung
ventilation; at T2, the pleural line of patient was intermittently irregular, indicating a decrease in lung ventilation; at T3, a small consolidation plaque was seen under the pleural line; at T4, the consolidation continued to develop, and the decrease in lung ventilation
was aggravated. The total scores of T2 were significantly higher than those of T1 (P < 0.05), while the total scores of T2, T3, and T4 were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The LUS scores of all chest areas at T2, T3,
and T4 were significantly higher than those at T1 (P < 0.05), in which the increase in the LUS scores of lower left lateral area, left Posterolateral Alveolar and/or Pleural Syndrome (PLAPS) area, lower left posterior area, lower right lateral area, right PLAPS area,
and lower right posterior area were particularly significant. Conclusion: The lung ultrasound images of general anesthesia patients suggested the onset of atelectasis, which could last up to 24 h postoperatively. The most severe areas of atelectasis included the lower lateral areas,
the PLAPS areas, and the lower posterior areas.
The Application of Pelvic Floor Ultrasound Image Analysis Technology in the Neurorehabilitation of Postpartum Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Li Fengrong , Wang Kaiyan , Liu Kunpeng , Ebrahimi Mahsa
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of neurorehabilitation on the structure of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) of parturient women by using the image analysis technology of PFM ultrasonography, and to explore the imaging indexes for the comprehensive evaluation of the therapeutic
outcome of postpartum urinary incontinence (PUI), thus providing a direct and reliable imaging basis for the clinic. Methods: From January 2017 to July 2019, 80 patients suffering from stress incontinence were included. All patients were divided into the control group (40 patients)
and the rehabilitation group (40 patients) randomly. They received routine guidance, health education, and neurorehabilitation, respectively. The PFM was examined and the therapeutic outcome was evaluated by the PFM ultrasonography image analysis technology. Results: Compared to the
control group, in the resting state, the levels of pelvic diaphragm hiatus diameter (PHD), pelvic diaphragm hiatus transverse diameter (PHTD), pelvic diaphragm hiatus area (PHA), and the horizontal angle of levator ani muscle (LAM) hiatus of the rehabilitation group were notably lower; in
the maximum Valsalva action, the PHD, PHTD, and PHA levels of the rehabilitation group were notably lower; in the anorectal movement, the PHD, PHTD, and PHA levels of the rehabilitation group were notably decreased, and the total effectiveness of the rehabilitation group was notably higher.
Conclusion: PFM ultrasonography image analysis technology can dynamically observe the changes of PFM structure parameters before and after neurorehabilitation, which is worthy of clinical application. PHD, PHTD and PHA can be used as important imaging indicators to measure the outcome
of neurorehabilitation.
Analysis of the Positive Effect of Robot-Assisted Virtual Reality Technology on Rehabilitation of Motor Function and Nerve Function in Cerebral Stroke Patients
Authors: Li Xin , Tang Zhiming , Wu Danli , Su Liujie , Zheng Yadan , Chen Peirong , Zhang Yaowen , Dou Zulin , Li Kui , Hoseinbeyki Arash
Published: October 2020

To investigate the effects of robot-assisted (RA) virtual reality (VR) intervention on motor function (MF) and nerve function (NF) in patients with cerebral stroke (CS), 60 patients with cerebral apoplexy hemiplegia in convalescence stage were randomly divided into conventional group
(CG) and experimental group (EG) (30 patients in each group). The CG received routine rehabilitation training (RT), and the EG used robot VR technology for RT. Brunnstrom classification and Fugl-meyer score were used to evaluate upper limb (UL) function. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and
Motor Activity Scale (MAL) were used to evaluate the activity ability of patients. NF was assessed using the neurological impairment (NI) scale and the incidence of sleep disorders within a month. The recurrence rate of CS and the incidence of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) within one
month were calculated to evaluate the impact of RA rehabilitation on the disease of the patients. The results showed that both groups of patients were able to actively cooperate with doctors and complete the daily training volume. The score of Fugl-meyer in both groups was greatly higher than
that before treatment (P < 0.05), and the Brunnstrom score in the EG was greatly higher than that in the CG (P < 0.05). The MBI and MAL grades were greatly higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the EG was greatly higher than the CG (P <
0.05). The scale of NI score of the EG was greatly lower than that of the CG (P < 0.05). The rate of sleep disturbance in the EG was greatly lower than that in the CG (P < 0.05). The incidence of CS recurrence and VCI in the EG was greatly lower than that in the CG (P
< 0.05), which shows that RAVR technology combined with psychological intervention can effectively improve the MF and NF of patients with CS and reduce the recurrence rate of patients, which provides experimental data for clinical rehabilitation treatment of CS.
Reexamining the Moisture Mode Theories of the Madden–Julian Oscillation Based on Observational Analyses
Authors: Hu Feng , Li Tim , Gao Jianyun , Hao Lisheng
Published: October 2020

Two existing moisture mode theories of the MJO, one emphasizing boundary layer moisture asymmetry (MA) and the other emphasizing column-integrated moist static energy (MSE) tendency asymmetry (TA), were validated with the diagnosis of observational data during 1979–2012. A total of 2343 MJO days are selected. While all these days show a clear phase leading of the boundary layer moisture, 20% of these days do not show a positive column-integrated MSE tendency in front of MJO convection (non-TA). A further MSE budget analysis indicates that the difference between the non-TA composite and the TA composite lies in the zonal extent of anomalously vertical overturning circulation in front of the MJO convection. A background mean precipitation modulation mechanism is proposed to explain the distinctive circulation responses. Dependent on the MJO location, an anomalous Gill response to the heating is greatly modulated by the seasonal mean and ENSO induced precipitation fields. Despite the negative MSE tendency in front of MJO convection in the non-TA group, the system continues moving eastward due to the effect of the boundary layer moistening, which promotes a convectively unstable stratification ahead of MJO convection. The analysis result suggests that the first type of moisture mode theories, the moisture asymmetry mechanism, appears more robust, particularly over the eastern Maritime Continent and western Pacific.
Increased Rate of Sexual Dysfunction by Increased Severity of Nasal Obstruction in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zojaji Ramin , Kerachi Mahnaz , Imani Mohammad Mehdi , Zojaji Seyedeh H. , Shomeiri Soheil
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic respiratory disorder. This study aimed to investigate the relation between nasal obstruction and sexual dysfunction in men with CRS.

Methods:

In this case-control study, 100 married men aged 19 to 48 years with CRS and 56 healthy married men were selected, consecutively. For assessment of nasal obstruction severity NOSE scale (Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation) was used and IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) inventory was used to assess sexual function.

Results:

Mean age of patients with CRS and controls was 33.25 ± 6.5 and 30.58 ± 7.12 years, respectively. Nasal obstruction was moderate in 70% of patients and 95% of patients had some degrees of erectile dysfunction. A significant association was found between nasal obstruction severity and sexual function and by increasing severity of nasal obstruction, sexual function decreased significantly in CRS patients. Sexual function in total (IIEF score) and in its domains, except for sexual desire, were significantly higher in control group ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

There is significant inverse association between severity of nasal obstruction and sexual function. Sexual function decreases with increasing severity of nasal obstruction in CRS. CRS patients also have lower sexual function scores than healthy control males.
Real-Time Measurement of SO2, H2S, and CS2 Mixed Gases Using Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and a Least Squares Algorithm
Authors: Cui Zhaolun , Zhang Xiaoxing , Chen Dachang , Li Yi , Wang Yufei , Zhang Yin , Wang Hao
Published: October 2020

Sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide are important decomposition products of insulating gas sulfur hexafluoride, and their types and contents are of great significance for the fault diagnosis of SF6 insulated equipment. In this paper, a method of combining ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and least squares fitting is proposed for the quantitative calculation of sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide mixed gases. All three gases have absorption peaks in the ultraviolet band and they overlap with each other which makes it hard to determinate the concentrations of the three gases directly. During the experiment, we found that high concentrations of sulfur dioxide and carbon disulfide interfered with the hydrogen sulfide calculation and the magnitude of this interference was positively correlated with these two gas concentrations. Therefore, we found a modified equation for the correction of hydrogen sulfide. Combined with this equation, accurate quantitative detection of three gases can be achieved. The detection ranges are 0.5–10 parts per million for sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and 10–300 parts per billion for carbon disulfide. This paper provides a simple and efficient detection method, which is convenient for integration into detection equipment and it provides a support method for the diagnosis of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition gases.
The National Disability Insurance Scheme and people with severe and persistent mental illness/psychosocial disability: A review, analysis and synthesis of published literature
Authors: Hamilton Debra , Hancock Nicola , Scanlan Justin Newton , Banfield Michelle
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

The aim of this scoping review was to map and synthesise peer-reviewed literature reporting on the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme and psychosocial disability.

Method:

The review followed the rigorous and systematic protocol of Arksey and O’Malley. Five databases were searched and, using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, publications were identified for inclusion. Data were extracted from publications, tabulated and graphically presented. A qualitative analysis was also completed.

Results:

Twenty-eight publications were included. While a wide range of issues were covered across this literature, only eight publications specifically focused on the National Disability Insurance Scheme. Almost half of publications were only author commentary without analysis of external data. There were no evaluations and a paucity of publications documenting the lived experiences of people with psychosocial disability or their families. Qualitative analysis identified 59 separate themes. These were grouped using a modified strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats framework. While it was acknowledged that the Scheme has the capacity to enrich people’s lives and enhance service integration, themes relating to weakness and threats dominated within this literature. These included a variety of existing or predicted problems such as poor integration of a recovery philosophy into the National Disability Insurance Scheme, complex application processes creating barriers to access, concern for those ineligible or not accessing the National Disability Insurance Scheme, the need to ensure National Disability Insurance Scheme plans address specific, changing participant needs and that services will be available to provide required supports.

Conclusion:

Given the significant impact of the National Disability Insurance Scheme on the lives of individuals and the wider mental health service system, there continues to be surprisingly limited peer-reviewed literature reporting on experiences and outcomes of the Scheme for people living with psychosocial disability. Future research examining outcomes and shedding light on National Disability Insurance Scheme experiences of people with psychosocial disability and their families are particularly important for ongoing development and evaluation of the Scheme.
Changes in antidepressant therapy should be considered early in patients with inadequate response to a first-line agent
Authors: Baune Bernhard T , Falkai Peter
Published: October 2020

Deciding when and how to change treatment in patients with major depressive disorder who have inadequate response to initial antidepressant therapy is an important everyday clinical question. Here, we ask whether an early change of approach is superior to a delayed change. We consider the recommendations provided by recent guidelines, examine the evidence behind this guidance and suggest a decision tree to clarify treatment options and timing. Both the early and late-change strategies may have their place in clinical practice. However, we take the view that an earlier than currently usual change in antidepressant treatment should be considered more frequently in cases of non-response. Specific studies are needed to identify and to better understand predictors of early and late response.
Post-SAFTA NTMs for Agricultural Trade: Revelations from the India–South Asia Approach
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Bharti Nalin
Published: October 2020

Commitment of South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) from South Asian Preferential Trading Agreement (SAPTA) for trade liberalisation was one of the hopes in South Asia. This article highlights untapped trade potential in agro-trade between India and its trading partners in South Asia through Trade Potential Index (TPI). This article evaluates post-SAFTA effects of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on agro-products (HS 6-digit level) over the period 2004–2016. After 2004, many agro-products of South Asia have suffered trade restrictions which create challenges over SAFTA implementation. This article inquires whether NTMs in post-SAFTA has been trade creating or trade inhibiting in agro-trade for member countries as per the earlier commitments. Research methodology for this study includes qualitative and quantitative approach. Qualitative approach examines agri-trade constraints faced between India and rest seven South Asian countries and vice versa. Quantitative analysis explores prevailing trade barriers in selected agro-products during 2002–2016 applying Regional Trade Barrier Index and NTM Coverage Ratio. Results establish the presence of agri-trade barriers from South Asian countries against India as well as India’s barriers against rest seven countries of South Asia. Study concludes that agri-trade restrictions prevail in South Asia despite SAFTA which shows the slow process of trade liberalisation.

JEL Codes: F13, F14, Q17
Early Marriage and Correlates among Young Women in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Elengemoke Jacques M. , Susuman A. Sathiya
Published: October 2020

Though several countries have adopted the sexual violence law which criminalizes child marriage, the practice of early marriage persists in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper examined the socio-economic and demographic determinants of early marriage among young women in four Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, namely Niger, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali and Malawi. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to show that young women without formal education have 1.62, 1.59, 1.55 and 2.08 times more risk of early union than their secondary or higher educated counterparts. The study recommends the implementation of a universal, free and compulsory basic education in SSA countries.