bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transdisciplinarity 101: Short-Term Training in Knowledge CoProduction to Face Global Environmental Change
Authors: Sandroni Laila , Ramos Quispe Fany , House-Peters Lily , Alonso-Yanez Gabriela , Ines Carabajal Maria , Valentine Marshallee , Schweizer Sarah , Murisa Mzime , Roy Natasha , de Vernal Anne , Arbour Nicole , Stewart Ibarra Anna
Published: June 2023

The Belmont Forum and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) organized an online training workshop on transdisciplinary (TD) approaches at the Sustainability, Research, and Innovation Congress (SRI) in 2022. The IAI is an intergovernmental organization that brings together 19 countries from the Americas to support adaptation to the world’s changing environment. The Belmont Forum is a consortium of major funders and international science councils to promote knowledge about sustainability science. The workshop aimed to create a safe environment for participants to share their impressions of and experiences about transdisciplinary research, using the Americas (IAI mandate) as a launching point for TD approaches globally. The workshop consisted of two online sessions: Transdisciplinary Approach 101 and Transdisciplinary Case Studies. The objectives of the current workshop report are: 1) to identify the key takeaways regarding common challenges and opportunities for transdisciplinary practice among workshop participants’ experiences, upon which to base recommendations for best practices, e.g., managing power imbalances, conflicting priorities and timeframes, enhancing communication and consolidating contextual awareness. 2) to offer insights to build better strategies for “train the trainers'' processes around transdisciplinarity, especially in congresses and short-term events, including using an experience-based approach, offering specific tools and increasing the participation of non-academic partners. This report encourages the implementation of other training processes by experienced transdisciplinary researchers, practitioners, and funders, in order to build capacities for collaborative approaches in diverse scientific communities.
Antenatal depression and related factors among pregnant women in Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital
Authors:   Hanoi Medical University, Duong Thuy Linh ,   Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital, Le Thi Thuy Lan ,   Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital, Nguyen Phuong Thuy ,   Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital, Nguyen Thi Dieu ,   Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital, Chu Thi Huong ,   Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital, Pham Thi Huong ,   Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital
Published: June 2023

Objectives: Evaluated depressive symptoms in pregnant women and identified risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital collecting data from November 2021 to March 2022, using a structured questionnaire among 444 pregnant women. Edinburgh Depression Scale was used to assess antenatal depression. Anxiety and social support were investigated by the PROMIS Anxiety Adult, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine related factors for antenatal depression. Main findings: 68.2% of participants reported antenatal depressive symptoms. Risk factors were previous stillbirth, current gynecological diseases, and antenatal anxiety. While higher levels of social support, later trimester, higher educational levels were associated with lower psychological symptoms. Conclusions: We emphasized the importance of implementing formal screening programs to detect antennal depression early and encourage the support from family and friends for expected mother during pregnancy. Keywords: Depression, pregnancy, pregnant women, COVID-19.
Treatment adherence and some related factors in Methadone treatment patients at Gia Lai Provincial Center for Disease Control in 2022
Authors:   Gia Lai Provincial Center for Disease Control, Le Tuan Kiet , Bui Thi Tu Quyen ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Nguyen Binh Hoa ,   Lung central hospital
Published: June 2023

Describe the status of adherence to treatment for opiate addiction with Methadone, and Analyze/Describe some factors related to Methadone adherence. The study applied a cross-sectional design. Information was collected through interviewing 77 patients with full sampling, using structured questionnaires and collecting secondary data on Methadone adherence from medical records. Data entry using Epidata 3.1 software, data analysis using SPSS 20.0 software with statistical algorithms using parameters such as frequency, ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to find related factors in patients treated with Methadone. The rate of patients' overall adherence was 85.7%, of which: adherence to medication was 90.9%, adherence to random testing was 100%, adherence to no re-use of drugs opium is 94.8%. There were 14.3% non-adherence to treatment, of which 9.1% did not adhere to medication and 5.2% used opiates in the past 1 month. Some related factors in patients' adherence to Methadone treatment include: Patients with treatment duration of more than 12 months are less likely to be non-adherent than 3% of patients with treatment duration, less than 12 months (OR=0.03; 95%CI: 0.002-0.3) with the same age, same distance to treatment facility and same family dependency status. Patients with a distance of more than 10 km from a treatment facility were 31.2 times more likely to be non-adherent than patients with a distance of less than 10 km (OR=31.2; 95%CI: 2.8-349.3) when having the same age group, the same duration of treatment and similar familial dependence characteristics. Patients who are not dependent on family economy are 17.2 times more likely to be non-adherent to treatment than those who are dependent on family (OR=17.2; 95%CI: 1.0-287.7) ) when other characteristics such as age, duration of treatment and distance to treatment facility are the same. Recommendation: Treatment facilities need to strengthen counseling to improve knowledge and attitude to treatment adherence. Recommend dispensing long-term medicine to patients whose distance to the treatment facility is more than 10 km. Keywords: Methadone treatment, treatment adherence, Gia Lai province CDC.
Human resource for health at Dak Nong Provincial General Hospital for the 2017-2021: current situations and influenced factors
Authors:   Dak Nong Provincial General Hospital, H Vinh Nie , Nguyen Duc Thanh ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Pham Thi Huyen Chang ,   Hanoi University of Public Health
Published: June 2023

The objective of this paper is to describe the current situation of human resources and analyze factors affecting at Dak Nong Provincial General Hospital in the period 2017 – 2021. Methods: cross-sectional description, quantitative information collected from secondary data sources, qualitative information collected from in-depth interviews and grouped discussions. Main findings: Human resource structure is distributed according to 03 clinical blocks (69%), sub clinical (16.5%) and administrative management (15%). Factors that positively affects human resources such as: autonomy mechanism; clear recruitment regulations; policies to attract human resources; salary and other benefits are paid in accordance with regulations; appropriate supervision. Factors that negatively affects such as: the document replacing Circular 08/2007/TTLT/BNV-BYT and Circular guiding Decree 106/2020/ND-CP has not been issued yet; there is no high-quality human resource treatment system; physical and mental impact of the Covid 19 epidemic; The hospital has not had a director in the last 3 years; degraded infrastructure; Medical equipment is lacking and not functioning well. Conclusions: human resource structure is no longer appropriate compared to Circular 08/2007/TTLT/BNV-BYT. The hospital needs to maintain positive factors, appoint a director soon, expand medical examination and treatment services and supplement equipment. Keywords: Human resources, attract, maintain
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS IN THE MODERN ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), MYLNYK ALEXEY V. , GOLOV GERMAN R. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the development of such a direction of the digital economy as digital ecosystems. The authors analyze the existing prerequisites for the formation of ecosystems. Some types of existing large ecosystems are considered. The author’s definition of the terms «digital ecosystem» and «digital platform» is formed. The structure and main types of modern digital platforms are analyzed, and the key tools for their development are identified. Special attention is paid to the organizational structure and architecture of digital ecosystems.
MODERN GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS: THE WORLD-SYSTEM APPROACH
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, DZARASOV RUSLAN S.
Published: June 2023

The paper is focused on the nature of the current crisis of the world economy from standpoint of the World-System approach. The main ideas of this school of economic thought are considered. According to them capitalism develops through unequal relations of the core (developed industrial countries) and the periphery (the developing nations). The author argues that the current structure of the world economy appeared in result of the mass transfer of production from the developed to the developing economies. This process had led to deficiency of aggregate demand in the world economy comparative its aggregate supply. This generated the current global economic c6risis.
KONDRATIEFF WAVES AND MODERN MACROECONOMICS
Authors:   Center for Institutional Evolutionary Economics and Applied Problems of Reproduction of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MAEVSKY VLADIMIR I. , RUBINSTEIN ALEXANDER A. ,   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2023

This article continues the study of the reasons for the negative attitude of the mainstream to N.D. Kondratiev’s long wave (K-wave) theory, which the authors began in 2022. The authors disagree with D. Romer’s statement attributing the K-wave problem to output dynamics. This is an incorrect statement; Kondratiev specifically stated that he studied K-waves of prices, wages, etc., but not output such as GDP. Using the earlier hypothesis that K-waves manifest themselves through technical and economic indicators (for example, through capital intensity), reflecting the change in technological modes, but at the same time there is a system of countercyclical value indicators aimed at removing the negative consequences of changing technological modes, the authors conducted a series of calculations on models of shifting modes of reproduction. The purpose of the calculations: to determine the model trajectories of GDP and inflation arising from the interaction of these two types of indicators, and then to compare the model trajectories with statistical ones and, on this basis, to assess how important it is to consider the K-waves phenomenon in macromodels. The peculiarity of the calculations is that both types of indicators are introduced into the SMR model based on US statistics for the period 1946-2019. It was taken into account that capital intensity can be represented by two options: 1. statistically significant sinusoidal approximation (that is, K-waves), 2. linear approximation. Сalculations showed that the trajectories of model GDP and inflation are noticeably closer to the trajectories of statistical GDP and inflation with K-wave dynamics of capital intensity, than with its linear approximation. This means that abstraction from the K-wave dynamics of capital intensity can distort the results of macroeconomic calculations and obviously worsens the quality of forecasts. The scientific significance of this result is that, first, it indicates the real possibility of using the K-waves phenomenon in macro analysis, and second, highlights the fact that this “real possibility“ can be successfully implemented using the heterodox model of shifting mode of reproduction. Since the macroeconomic mainstream ignores K-waves, heterodox economic theory (which recognizes K-waves) gains a marked advantage over its orthodox competitor.
Formation, Structure, and Detectability of the Geminids Meteoroid Stream
Authors: Cukier W. Z. , Szalay J. R.
Published: June 2023

The Geminids meteoroid stream produces one of the most intense meteor showers at Earth. It is an unusual stream in that its parent body is understood to be an asteroid, (3200) Phaethon, unlike most streams, which are formed via ongoing cometary activity. Until recently, our primary understanding of this stream came from Earth-based measurements of the Geminids meteor shower. However, the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft has transited near the core of the stream close to its perihelion and provides a new platform to better understand this unique stream. Here, we create a dynamical model of the Geminids meteoroid stream, calibrate its total density to Earth-based measurements, and compare this model to recent observations of the dust environment near the Sun by PSP. For the formation mechanisms considered, we find with the exception of very near perihelion the core of the meteoroid stream predominantly lies interior to the orbit of its parent body and we expect grains in the stream to be ≳10 μm in radius. Data–model comparisons of the location of the stream relative to Phaethon’s orbit near perihelion are more consistent with a catastrophic formation scenario, with the core stream residing near or outside the orbit of its parent body consistent with PSP observations. This is in contrast to a cometary formation mechanism, where even near the Sun the meteoroid stream is interior to the orbit of its parent body. Finally, while PSP transits very near the core of the stream, the impact rate expected from Geminids meteoroids is orders of magnitude below the impact rates observed by PSP, and hence undetectable in situ. We similarly expect the upcoming DESTINY+ mission to be unable to detect appreciable quantities of Geminids grains far from (3200) Phaethon.
Mealybugs (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) on parasitic plants (Loranthaceae) in Indonesia with description of a new species and a new country record
Authors: Zarkani Agustin , Fauzi Ariffatchur , Apriyanto Dwinardi , Bora Kaydan Mehmet
Published: June 2023

Parasitic plants have been known to be attacked by insect pests since ancient times. However, little is known about the mealybug (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) fauna associated with them. A series of surveys of mealybugs found on Loranthaceae, a semi-parasitic plant family, was conducted in several places in Bengkulu Province, southern Sumatra, Indonesia. In the study, 55 mealybug specimens were collected, consisting of eight species belonging to five genera, namely Chorizococcus McKenzie (1 species), Dysmicoccus Ferris (2 species), Ferrisia Fullaway (1 species), Planococcus Ferris (3 species) and Pseudococcus Westwood (1 species). Chorizococcus ozeri Zarkani & Kaydan, sp. nov. is new to science, whilst Planococcus bagmaticus Williams represents the first record in Indonesia. In addition, the mealybugs Dysmicoccus lepelleyi (Betrem), Dysmicoccus zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan, Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell), Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell) and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller are newly recorded from plants of the family Loranthaceae. Figures and illustrations of mealybug species with a taxonomic key to Asian Chorizococcus and a new country record based on morphological characters are also updated.
Association Between HLA Alleles and Autoantibodies in Dermatomyositis Defined by Sarcoplasmic Expression of Myxovirus Resistance Protein A
Authors: Oyama Munenori , Ohnuki Yuko , Uruha Akinori , Saito Yoshihiko , Nishimori Yukako , Suzuki Shingo , Inoue Michio , Tanboon Jantima , Okiyama Naoko , Shiina Takashi , Nishino Ichizo , Suzuki Shigeaki
Published: June 2023

Objective

The diagnosis in the studies analyzing HLA of dermatomyositis (DM) was based on a combined clinical category of polymyositis/DM. This retrospective study investigated the associations of HLA with 5 DM-specific autoantibodies in Japanese patients diagnosed by muscle pathology.

Methods

We diagnosed Japanese patients with DM based on sarcoplasmic expression of myxovirus resistance protein A. These patients underwent investigation for 5 DM-specific autoantibodies and HLA genotyping.

Results

Of 175 patients (83 males and 92 females; range 1-86 yrs; mean 46 yrs), 173 (98.9%) had 1 of the 5 autoantibodies. Seven alleles—A*02:07, B*46:01, DRB1*04:07, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:03, DQB1*06:01, andDPB1*02:02—were more frequently detected in the patients with DM than healthy controls, but these associations were not significant after multiple testing correction. Stratifying by DM-specific autoantibodies, we found the associations of 6 already known and 7 new alleles—B*48:01, B*52:01, C*12:02, DRB1*04:05, DRB1*15:02, DPB1*05:01, andDPB1*09:01—with subsets of DM. Moreover, significant associations of 5 alleles with antinucleosome remodeling deacetylase complex (Mi-2) remained after multiple testing correction. In particular, theDRB1*04:07(odds ratio [OR 28.9]; correctedP= 2.7 × 10−6) andDQB1*06:01(OR 4.0; correctedP= 1.6 × 10−4) alleles were significantly more prevalent in patients with anti-Mi-2 antibody than in controls.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates DM-specific autoantibodies defined immunogenetic subsets of DM.
« Le recensement est l’infrastructure informationnelle du pays » : le recensement de 2020 et les controverses techno-politiques de sa mise en œuvre
Authors: Kopper Moisés
Published: June 2023

Cet article explore les controverses
techno-politiques liées à la mise en œuvre du recensement de 2020 au
Brésil. Des entretiens et des recherches documentaires ont permis de
cartographier les débats techno-moraux et les transformations
sociotechniques de deux de ses dispositifs : le questionnaire et le
budget. Cet abord a permis de mettre en évidence l’émergence d’une
forme d’activisme portée par la mobilisation des experts. Le texte
conclut en interprétant le recensement comme une infrastructure
informationnelle qui inscrit, imagine et stabilise des idéaux pour le
futur au moyen des chiffres.
Les nombres comme monuments : le rôle de Teixeira de Freitas dans le recensement de 1920 au Minas Gerais et dans la commémoration du centenaire de l’indépendance du Brésil
Authors: Gomes Maria do Carmo  Andrade
Published: June 2023

Ce texte porte sur le recensement de 1920 et son
pendant historique, la commémoration du centenaire de l’indépendance
du Brésil tels que le statisticien Mário Augusto Teixeira de Freitas
les as envisagés et, en grande partie, mis en œuvre. Il fut un
protagoniste de la conception et de la mise en œuvre des politiques
statistiques au Brésil, et joua un rôle décisif dans la création de
l’Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [Institut brésilien
de géographie et statistique] ou IBGE. Son parcours fut marqué par son
expérience dans l’État du Minas Gerais où il coordonna le recensement
et participa activement aux initiatives officielles des commémorations
de l’Indépendance. L’analyse de cette expérience spécifique sera
présentée dans ses dimensions techniques, politiques et
symboliques.
Dynamic Interaction and Visualization Design of Database Information Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Fan Ying
Published: June 2023

With the explosive growth of data, people's demand for data analysis has become more intense. Although modern technology can collect a large amount of data, the collected original data is often useless and contains little information. How to extract useful information from massive amounts of data has become an urgent problem. Driven by artificial intelligence (AI) technology and personalized consumption demand of users, this article puts forward a dynamic interactive and visualization algorithm of e-business database information based on an improved collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm to help enterprises more efficiently mine the required potential customer groups from massive customer data and log data. Experiment results prove the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. Data mining (DM) technology is applied to the user access control model in this model. First, the maximum forward reference sequence of mobile e-business groups is mined by data technology. Then a user access control model is established according to this sequence to control user access so enterprises can formulate reasonable marketing strategies based on this knowledge.
Correlation between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) lung volumes and exacerbation of bronchial asthma: Italian pilot observational retrospective study GERDAS
Authors: Scaramozzino Marco Umberto , Festa Maurizia , Levi Guido , Plastina Ubaldo Romeo , Sapone Giovanni
Published: June 2023

Reflux asthma is an entity characterised by typical symptoms and in some cases is 'silent' and is more dangerous when associated with obesity and sleep apnoea syndrome. Its prevalence in the general population is high, as demonstrated by numerous studies listed below, and it is particularly a problem in the paediatric population; where, despite treatment by medical specialists, asthma symptoms are poorly controlled with a high risk of acute exacerbations. The aim of this clinical study is to show how the addition of a particular type of alginate (Deflux plus sachets) containing hyaluronic acid and melatonin at low doses administered over a prolonged period of six months, causes a reduction in vagal reflex stimulation of the oesophagus and pulmonary microaspiration reflexes by regulating lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) motility in asthmatic patients; improving the ACT score (asthma control test score). In the reported statistical analysis, ROC curves were performed for sensitivity and specificity for the analysed parameters, including the ACT score with statistically significant data p<0.0001. We conclude that the combination of conventional therapy for reflux asthma associated with alginates may improve the risk of acute asthma exacerbation and dynamic lung volumes.
Target product profiles for diagnosis of sepsis: Proposing a new approach for diagnostic innovation
Authors: Sharma Monica , Jain Meenu , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Rodrigues Camilla , Bansal Nitin , Nambi P. Senthur , Nangia Sushma , Singhal Tanu , Walia Kamini
Published: June 2023

Background & objectives:

Sepsis, including neonatal sepsis, remains a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries such as India, representing 85 per cent of all sepsis-related deaths globally. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment is challenging due to non-specific clinical manifestations and non-availability of rapid diagnostic tests. There is an urgent need for affordable diagnostics with fast turnaround time catering to the needs of end-users. Target product profiles (TPPs) have been found instrumental in developing ‘fit-for-use’ diagnostics, thus reducing the time taken to facilitate development and improving diagnosis. Hitherto, no such guidance or criteria has been defined for rapid diagnostics for sepsis/neonatal sepsis. We propose an innovative approach for developing the diagnostics for sepsis screening and diagnosis which can be utilized by diagnostic developers in the country.

Methods:

Three-round Delphi method, including two online surveys and one virtual consultation, was adopted to define criteria for minimum and optimum attributes of TPPs and build consensus on characteristics. Expert panel (n=23) included infectious disease physicians, public health specialists, clinical microbiologists, virologists, researchers/scientists and technology experts/innovators.

Results:

We present a three-component product profile for sepsis diagnosis, (i) screening with high sensitivity, (ii) detection of aetiological agent, and (iii) profiling of antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance, in adults and neonates with an option of testing different considerations. An agreement of >75 per cent was achieved for all TPP characteristics by Delphi. These TPPs are tailored to the Indian healthcare settings and can also be extrapolated to other resource-constraint and high-disease burden settings.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Diagnostics developed using these TPPs will facilitate utilization of invested resources leading to development of the products that have potential to ease the economic burden on patient and save lives.
A Multi-Objective Optimization for enhancing the efficiency of Service in Flying Ad-Hoc Network Environment
Authors: Nahi Hayder A. , Al-dolaimy F. , Abbas Fatima Hashim , Almohamadi Mohammed , Hasan Mustafa Asaad , Alkhafaji Mohamed Ayad , Guneser Muhammet Tahir
Published: June 2023

Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) is one among the emerging technology and it is used in the huge application of the intelligent communication system. FANETs are combined with multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to control the complex environment. Due to high mobility in FANETs the computation overhead and computation delay of the network is greatly increased that reflects in the reduction of the performance of FANETs. So it becomes very essential to provide effective routing and optimization in FANETs to maintain the stable communication. For that purpose, in this paper Multi-Objective Hybrid Optimization for Quality of Service (QoS) Assisted Flying Ad-Hoc Network (MOHOQ-FANET) approach is proposed with the combination of Ant colony optimization (ACO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). To achieve effective routing in FANETs, reliability of ad-hoc that depend on demand vector routing (RAODV). In order to perform initial shortest path selection in FANETs, ACO algorithm is utilized. The PSO optimization is applied in FANETs to achieve the best optimal solution between the flying nodes during the time of communication between them. The MOHOQ-FANET technique is implemented using NS2 as the platform. As well as being compared to earlier studies like CSPO-FANET and OSNP-FANET, the performance of the FANETs is assessed using metrics like ratio of packet delivery, host-to-host delay, routing overhead, and network throughput. The outcomes have illustrated, as compared to earlier systems, the proposed MOHOQ-FANET approach delivers high packet delivery ratio and throughput as well as reduced host-to-host delay and routing overhead.
Asymptotic solution of Bowen equation for perturbed potentials on shift spaces with countable states
Authors: Tanaka Haruyoshi
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study the asymptotic expansions for the zero of the pressure function

s\mapsto P(s\varphi(\varepsilon,\cdot)+\xi(\varepsilon,\cdot))

for perturbed potentials

\varphi(\varepsilon,\cdot)

and

\xi(\varepsilon,\cdot)

defined on the shift space with countable state space. In our main result, we give a sufficient condition for the solution

s=s(\varepsilon)

of

P(s\varphi(\varepsilon,\cdot)+\xi(\varepsilon,\cdot))=0

to have the

n

-order asymptotic expansion for the small parameter

\varepsilon

. In addition, we also obtain the case where the order of the expansion of the solution

s=s(\varepsilon)

is less than the order of the expansion of the perturbed potentials. Our results can be applied to problems concerning asymptotic behaviours of Hausdorff dimensions given by the Bowen formula: conformal graph directed Markov systems and other concrete examples.
Ice Protection System Design for the Next Generation Civil Tiltrotor Engine Intake
Authors: Tormen Damiano , Zanon Alessandro , De Gennaro Michele
Published: June 2023

This paper focuses on the design of the thermoelectric ice protection system (IPS) for the engine air intake of the Next Generation Civil Tiltrotor (NGCTR), a demonstrator under development in Leonardo Helicopters. A specific IPS design strategy for the novel intake configuration is proposed. The main constraint which driven the design strategy is a maximum power of 10.6 kW available for the full intake IPS system. The IPS was designed for safe aircraft operations within the Appendix-C icing envelope. The numerical approach adopted to perform the design and the resulting IPS concept are presented. Calculations of the required IPS heat fluxes revealed that maintaining running wet conditions on the entire intake surface is not feasible due to the limitation to the maximum IPS power demand. Therefore, a de-icing IPS design strategy is proposed. The anti-icing mode is adopted only on the lip region to avoid formation of ice caps whereas de-icing zones are defined within the intake duct. The de-icing zones cover the main impingement areas, and their splitting and power densities were designed to keep the instantaneous IPS power below the specified limit. The performances of the proposed IPS design were evaluated by means of ice accretion simulations. The effects of runback water were considered, and the de-icing effects were modelled by assuming that ice is perfectly shed by the de-icing zones. Computations of the residual ice accreted on the unprotected intake area demonstrated that the IPS drastically reduce the ice accretion and effectively protect the NGCTR engine air intake.
UAV Icing: Numerical Simulation of Icing Effects on Wing and Empennage
Authors: Lindner Markus , Wallisch Joachim , Hann Richard
Published: June 2023

In-flight icing can result in severe aerodynamic performance penalties for unmanned aerial vehicles. It is therefore important to understand to which extent ice will build up on fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles wings and empennages, namely rudder and elevator, and how this ice will impact the aerodynamic performance and limits the flight envelope. This work investigates numerically icing effects on wing and empennage over a wide range of icing parameters. This is conducted using the icing CFD code FENSAP-ICE on the Maritime Robotics PX-31 Falk UAV. Therefore, the 2D profiles of these airfoils, which are RG-15 for the wing and SD8020 for rudder and elevator, are investigated. The investigated angles of attack are between –5° and 14° in 0.5° increments. Furthermore, the icing conditions are chosen according to the FAA CS 25 Appendix C for continuous maximum and intermittent maximum icing. A broad range of temperatures, droplet median volumetric diameters, and the corresponding liquid water contents are simulated to generate a understanding of the icing effects according to Appendix C. An automation script to enable a more effective parallel execution of the in total 142 simulations of each airfoil has been used. The results of the simulations are used to calculate the change in the lift coefficient cl, the drag coefficient cd and the momentum coefficient cm, and an estimate of the total accreted ice mass.

The aerodynamic performance penalties are strongly dependant on the environmental conditions. For both icing envelopes, two different worst case conditions are identified. For continuous maximum this condition lies at –2 °C and a droplet size of 15 μm, for intermittent maximum at –6 °C and 20 μm. For continuous maximum conditions the maximum lift can decrease by 37%, and the drag increase by 107%. For intermittent maximum the maximum lift can decrease by 35%, and the drag increase by 103%.
Additional Comparison of Ice Shapes on Full-Chord and Truncated Swept Wing Models from January 2022
Authors: Lee Sam , Broeren Andy
Published: June 2023

A research program was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of icing tunnel hybrid model design. A hybrid design is where the full-scale leading edge of a wing section is maintained only to a certain percentage of the local chord, while the aft section of the model is redesigned into a shortened or truncated planform. An initial study was conducted in 2020 where the ice shape geometries on a full-chord length version of the swept CRM65 wing model were compared to those from the hybrid version of CRM65 that were obtained in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel in 2015. The results were reported in a 2021 paper. For most test conditions, the overall size and shape of the ice shapes compared well. However, the ice shapes from the full-chord model were generally slightly smaller than those from the hybrid model. A follow-on test was conducted in 2022 and obtained ice shapes on both full-chord and hybrid wing models during the same test campaign to eliminate the differences in the tunnel spray nozzle configuration and calibration as a cause for the differences observed during the previous investigation. The ice shapes obtained on the full-chord model compared much better to those obtained on the hybrid model during the 2022 test, with nearly identical cross sections and ice mass values generally within 5%.
A Comparison of Multiphase Flow CFD Methods for Simulating Liquid Water Concentration at Air Data Probe Fuselage Stations
Authors: Thangavel Sathish , Cusher Aaron
Published: June 2023

Multiphase CFD simulations of air and water play a critical role in aircraft icing analysis. Specifically for air data sensors mounted near the front of an aircraft, simulations that predict the concentration of water surrounding an aircraft fuselage are necessary for understanding their performance in icing conditions. Those simulations can aid in sensor design and placement, and are central for defining critical conditions to test during icing qualification campaigns. There are several methods available in CFD that solve a multiphase flow field. Two of the most common methods used are Lagrangian and Eulerian. While these methods are similar, important differences can be viewed in the results, specifically in how the water shadow zones are predicted. This paper compares a Lagrangian and Eulerian CFD method for solving a multiphase flow field, and assesses their performance for use for analyzing installation locations and critical icing conditions of air data probes.
Time Resolved 3D Scanning of Ice Geometries in a Large Climatic Wind Tunnel
Authors: Neubauer Thomas , Kozomara David , Puffing Reinhard , Teufl Luca
Published: June 2023

In the scope of development or certification processes for the flight under known icing conditions, aircraft have to be tested in icing wind tunnels under relevant conditions. The documentation of these tests has to be performed at a high level of detail. The generated data is used to prove the functionality of the systems, to develop new systems and for scientific purposes, for example the development or validation of numerical tools for ice accretion simulation. One way of documenting the resulting ice geometry is the application of an optical 3D scanning or reconstruction method. This work investigates and reviews optical methods for three-dimensional reconstructions of objects and the application of these methods in ice accretion documentation with respect to their potential of time resolved measurement. Laboratory tests are performed for time-of flight reconstruction of ice geometries and the application of optical photogrammetry with and without multi-light approach. The results of the pre-tests and the review of existing methods are evaluated with respect to scaling of the methods for application in a large icing wind tunnel. As a result of this process, multi-view photogrammetry is used for 3D reconstruction of ice accretion on a common research model wing tip installed in the icing wind tunnel of Rail Tec Arsenal. The results are compared with 3D laser scans of the final ice geometry. The presented approach allows a time resolved quantitative documentation of an icing process without interrupting the experimental ice accretion process.
Experimental Evaluation of Icephobic Coatings on a UAV Propeller Operated in an Icing Wind Tunnel
Authors: Harvey Derek , Villeneuve Eric , Volat Christophe , Beland Mathieu , Lapalme Maxime
Published: June 2023

In this research, the performance of two commercially available icephobic coatings is evaluated on an 81% scaled-down version of the Bell Flight APT 70 drone propeller. Tests are performed in an icing wind tunnel (IWT) under selected severe icing conditions to test the ice protection capability of coatings against both glaze and rime ice. Two different coating formulations are used, one is a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) acetoxy terminated coating, the other an epoxy-silicone. The coatings were briefly characterized in terms of their surface roughness, water contact angle and ice adhesion reduction factor compared to aluminum using the centrifugal adhesion test (CAT). Blade sets were prepared for both coatings and a third uncoated set was tested for reference purposes. Tests in the IWT were performed to simulate a true airspeed of 35 m/s and a constant propeller rotational speed of 5 500 RPM. Two conditions of liquid water content (LWC) and droplet median volumetric diameter (MVD) were considered: LWC = 0.8 g/m3, MVD = 20 μm and LWC = 0.2 g/m3, MVD = 40 μm. The first condition was performed at static air temperatures of -5°C, -12°C and -20°C while the second was only performed at -5°C. The performance of the propeller is evaluated by means of the relative change in thrust coefficient, the torque coefficient and propeller efficiency. Tests were conducted such that operating conditions are maintained until vibration limits exceed the tolerated threshold to allow the possibility for multiple ice shedding events. Results demonstrated that the PDMS coating successfully reduced ice adhesion for all tests conditions while the epoxy-silicone only reduced ice adhesion for tests conditions at -5°C. The ice protection provided by either coating is shown to be insufficient to ensure safe flight under icing conditions due to significant propeller performance degradation and severe vibrations caused by non-symmetrical ice shedding.
Modelling the Secondary Impingement of Supercooled Large Droplets in an Eulerian Environment
Authors: Catalano Pietro , Mele Benedetto
Published: June 2023

A model for the computation of the secondary trajectories of droplets has been implemented in the CIRA code Imp3d and validated with literature data. Aim of the paper is to present the model of secondary trajectories and to discuss the test cases performed.
Icing Simulation Framework: A Predictive Approach from Nucleation to Runback
Authors: Yazdani Miad , Hu Charlene , MacDonald Malcolm
Published: June 2023

This paper provides an overview of the state-of-art multiscale “Icing Simulation Framework” capability developed at Raytheon Technologies Research Center. Specifically, the application of this framework to simulate droplet runback and runback icing will be presented. In summary, this high-fidelity framework tracks the physical mechanisms associated with droplet dynamics, ice nucleation, growth and interaction with the environment (e.g. adhesion, crystal growth, evaporation, sublimation, etc.) across all relevant scales (including nucleation at <10-7m to ~10-6m of coating/environment interaction to 10-2m of the component) which allows a rigorous investigation of how different environmental (e.g. LWC, MVD, pressure, velocity and temperature) and substrate (e.g. coating molecular and macroscopic specifications) characteristics affect the icing behavior.
Roughness Parameter Optimization of the McClain Model in GlennICE
Authors: Wright William , Rigby David , Ozoroski Thomas
Published: June 2023

Aircraft icing remains a significant threat to aviation safety. Software that predicts the impingement and ice accretion on full aircraft geometries and aircraft components are in demand and NASA Glenn is committed to produce software that meets this need. One of the key parameters affecting an accurate prediction of iced geometry is the effect of ice roughness on the heat transfer coefficient. While many efforts have been made to implement the roughness in the flow solver, this report takes a correlation for roughness height distribution that is based on experimental measurements and demonstrates how to relate those measurements to an augmentation to the heat transfer coefficient provided by the flow solution. The outcome of this effort was the callibration of defaults for user supplied parameters to this correlation through comparison with 95 large glaze conditions from experiment by adjusting user-supplied parameters in the roughness augmentation equation.
Modelling and Simulation of Mixed Phase Ice Crystal Icing in Three-Dimensions
Authors: Parker Liam , McGilvray Matthew , Gillespie David
Published: June 2023

High altitude ice crystals have led to instances of ice accretion on stationary compressor surfaces in aeroengines. Rollback, surge and stall events are known to have been instigated through such accretions due to aerodynamic losses related to ice growth, damage and flameout due to ice shedding. The prevalence of these events has led to a change in certification requirements for icing conditions. Development of accurate numerical models allows the costs of certification and testing to be minimised. An in-house computational code was developed at the Oxford Thermofluids Institute to model glaciated and mixed-phase ice crystal icing. The Ice Crystal Icing ComputationaL Environment (ICICLE) code, comprises a frozen 2D flowfield solution, Lagrangian particle tracking, particle heat transfer and phase change and particle surface interaction modelling. In this paper the ICICLE code is developed into a 3D modelling environment, including 3D particle tracking and modelling of particle wall interactions. This work is validated through comparison to ice crystal icing experiments conducted at the NRC Research Altitude Test Facility (RATFac), using an engine representative compressor stator vane as the test article. Capturing the spanwise secondary flows present on the stator vane is found to be necessary to quantify the distribution of ice accretion and erosion. Comparison with stator vane experimental results shows the effectiveness of 3D modelling. Further computational solutions are presented for a periodic end-walled and cantilevered stator vane solution to highlight the difference between quasi 3D flowfield modelling and representative full 3D cases.
Numerical Simulation of In-flight Icing by Water Droplets with Elevated Temperature
Authors: Hassler Wolfgang , Breitfuß Wolfgang , Rapf Andreas , Fallast Arno , Moser Richard , Tramposch Andreas , Ferschitz Hermann , Puffing Reinhard , Neubauer Thomas
Published: June 2023

When conducting experiments in icing wind tunnels (IWTs), a significant question is to what extent the temperature of the water droplets generated by the spray system has converged to the static air temperature when the droplets impinge on the test object. This is a particularly important issue for large droplets, since the cooling rate of droplets decreases sharply with increasing diameter. In this paper, on the one hand, realistic droplet temperature distributions in the measurement section of the Rail Tec Arsenal IWT (located in Vienna) are computed by means of a numerical code which tracks the paths of the droplets from the spraying nozzle to the measurement section and simultaneously calculates their cooling rates. On the other hand, numerical icing simulations are performed to investigate to what extent the deviation of the droplet temperature from static air temperature influences icing and thermal anti-icing processes. For this purpose, three selected cases are analyzed – two unheated cases and one heated case. Besides providing important information to the operators of Rail Tec Arsenal’s IWT (and, possibly, also other IWTs), the current research can be helpful in the layout and design process of new (vertical) IWTs operating in the regime of Supercooled Large Droplets: The approach presented in the paper can provide valuable information about the expected deviations of icing test results depending on the spatial distance between the spray system and the measurement section of the IWT being analyzed.
Snow Particle Characterization. Part A: Statistics of Microphysical Properties of Snow Crystal Populations from Recent Observations Performed during the ICE GENESIS Project
Authors: Jaffeux Louis , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Coutris Pierre , Febvre Guy , Dezitter Fabien , Aguilar Boris , billault-Roux Anne-claire , Grazioli Jacopo , Berne Alexis , Köbschall Kilian , Jorquera Susana , Delanoe Julien
Published: June 2023

Measurements in snow conditions performed in the past were rarely initiated and best suited for pure and extremely detailed quantification of microphysical properties of a series of microphysical parameters, needed for accretion modelling. Within the European ICE GENESIS project, a considerable effort of natural snow measurements has been made during winter 2020/21. Instrumental means, both in-situ and remote sensing were deployed on the ATR-42 aircraft, as well as on the ground (ground station at ‘Les Eplatures’ airport in the Swiss Jura Mountains with ATR-42 overflights). Snow clouds and precipitation in the atmospheric column were sampled with the aircraft, whereas ground based and airborne radar systems allowed extending the observations of snow properties beyond the flight level chosen for the in situ measurements. Overall, five flight missions have been performed at different numerous flight levels (related temperature range from -10°C to +2°C) beyond the ‘Les Eplatures’ airport. The manuscript focuses primarily on statistical retrievals of temperature dependent microphysical snow properties, with in particular, the total condensed water content (TWC), number and mass size distributions, the latter allowing to calculate the mass representative diameter proxy of the median mass diameter (MMD), ice crystal effective density, and a series of snow particle size dependent descriptors of morphological properties (3D volumetric diameter versus 2D image diameter, sphericity, crosswise sphericity, aspect ratio). In addition, snow properties from the ground based MASC imaging probe and complementary retrievals of snow properties from ground based and airborne radar observations are included in this study.
Enhancing Resident Education by Embedding Improvement Specialists Into a Quality and Safety Curriculum
Authors: Levy Kathryn L. , Grzyb Katie , Heidemann Lauren A. , Paliani Debra Burke , Grondin Christopher , Solomon Gabriel , Spranger Elizabeth , Ellies Tammy , Ratz David , Houchens Nathan
Published: June 2023

Background

Quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) curricula are critical in graduate medical education, yet barriers limit the educational experience and project outcomes.

Objective

To explore the impact of QIPS curricular enhancements and integration of continuous improvement specialists (CIS) by examining the A3 document, the primary project product and surrogate for project quality.

Methods

Since 2009, University of Michigan internal medicine and medicine-pediatric residents participate in a QIPS curriculum, which includes a 4-week group project. In 2016, residency leaders collaborated with CIS staff, non-clinical experts in QIPS with backgrounds in engineering and business, to improve the curriculum. Informed by a needs assessment, the intervention was implemented in 2017 and consisted of a set of enhancements including integration of CIS staff into groups as co-facilitators. In this retrospective cohort study, a blinded reviewer evaluated all available A3 documents before and after the intervention using a quantitative analysis tool.

Results

All residents participated in the curriculum during the pre-intervention (July 2009 to June 2016, n=351) and post-intervention (July 2017 to June 2020, n=148) periods. A total of 23 of 84 (27%) pre-intervention and 31 of 34 (91%) post-intervention A3 documents were available for review. Scores improved significantly for 17 of 23 (74%) A3 items and for 7 of 8 (88%) sections. Mean A3 total scores increased from 29.0 to 47.0 (95% CI 12.6-23.4; P<.001) out of a possible 69.0.

Conclusions

Embedding CIS experts into residency QIPS curricula is associated with improved A3 document quality.