bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer animosity and perceived cultural distance: Toward mutual well‐being for refugees and host countries
Authors: DeQuero‐Navarro Beatriz , Barakat Karine Aoun , Shultz Clifford J. , Araque‐Padilla Rafael A. , Montero‐Simó María Jose
Published: July 2022

Global migration is changing the world into multicultural marketplaces, creating challenges, and opportunities for consumers. This study examines how animosity toward refugees and Perceived Cultural Distance from them affects Lebanese consumers' service‐quality expectations and Willingness‐to‐Buy from inclusive services of Syrians forcibly displaced by war. Findings from a survey of 499 Lebanese consumers revealed that War and Economic Animosity negatively affect Lebanese consumers' Expected Service Quality when delivered by a Syrian refugee; furthermore, Perceived Cultural Distance between Lebanese and Syrians appears to negatively affect Willingness‐to‐Buy. The authors share thoughts on implications for theoretical contributions, management, and policy for reducing animosity and its harmful impact on refugees and the consumer‐citizens of their host countries. In a world of more than 80 million refugees this article offers findings and insights that may facilitate a more welcoming inclusion of refugees, in ways that contribute to consumer, marketplace, and societal well‐being.
Research trends and hotspot analysis of fractional carbon dioxide laser: A bibliometric and visualized analysis via Citespace
Authors: Zou Boya , Zheng Wenyue , Pan Hongju , Yang Bin , Liu Zhenfeng
Published: July 2022

Introduction

There is limited basic research on carbon dioxide (CO2) fractional laser, indicating blind spots in CO2 fractional laser treatment of certain diseases. This study aimed to organize previous literature, summarize the current research, and speculate on possible future development.

Methods

We searched document data on fractional CO2 lasers from the Web of Science core collection database and retrieved 928 articles from 2004 to 2021. CiteSpace software was used to analyze the main institutions, authors, subject hotspots, and research frontiers in global CO2 fractional laser research.

Results

The results revealed that 928 related papers were published in the past 18 years (2004–2021), and the number has increased annually. The publications were written by 3239 authors from 626 institutions in 60 countries/regions. The United States (US) dominates this field (312 documents), followed by Italy (289), and South Korea (88). Lasers in Surgery and Medicine is the journal with the most publications and citations, and Uebelhoer is the central author. The main research hotspots include vulvovaginal atrophy, fractional photothermolysis, keloids, drug delivery, gene expressions, facial acne scarring, resurfacing, vitiligo, and photo damage.

Conclusion

Using CiteSpace, this paper draws a map of authors, institutions, and keywords in fractional CO2 laser from 2004 to 2021; summarizes the main authors, institutions, research hotspots, and cutting‐edge topics of global fractional CO2 laser technology in recent years; and summarizes the current application status of global fractional CO2 laser in disease treatment. It also provides new ideas for the future application and research of fractional CO2 lasers.
Facial acne causes stigmatization among adolescents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Szepietowska Marta , Dąbrowska Alicja , Nowak Bernadetta , Skinderowicz Katarzyna , Wilczyński Bartosz , Krajewski Piotr K. , Jankowska‐Konsur Alina
Published: July 2022

Background

Stigmatization is defined as a discrediting mark which sets the person from others and hindering interpersonal relationships. Literature data on stigma in acne subjects are scarce.

Aims

This study was undertaken to assess feelings of stigmatization in adolescents with facial acne.

Material/Methods

The study was performed on 730 high‐school students aged 15 to 19 years with the mean age of 17.05 ± 1.18 years. Self‐reported acne was found in 74.9% of subjects. The severity of acne was self‐assessed with the standardized color images based on Investigators Global Assessment (IGA). Stigmatization was studied with 6‐Item Stigmatization Scale (6‐ISS) and Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire (PSQ). Additionally, quality of life (QoL) was evaluated with Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).

Results

58% of adolescents with acne presented with feelings of stigmatization. Within the acne population, stigmatization was significantly more common in females than in males (p < 0.001). The mean level of stigmatization according to 6‐ISS was significantly higher in acne sufferers than in those free from acne (1.68 ± 2.42 points and 0.55 ± 1.50 points, respectively; p < 0.001). Feelings of stigmatization were significantly more pronounced by females than males (p < 0.001). Staring at the skin and the fact that others are not attracted to person due to skin lesions were main problems raised by the study participants with acne. 6‐ISS scores correlated with acne severity (r = 0.278; p < 0.001) and both 6‐ISS and PSQ scores with QoL impairment (r = 0.530; p < 0.001 and r = 0.341; p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Facial acne is a highly stigmatized skin disease and requires a holistic therapeutic approach.
Caregiver burden for informal caregivers of patients after surgical treatment of early‐stage lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Song , Yang Chen , Mei Wei , Kang Lu , Li Tong , Li Jina , Li Lezhi
Published: July 2022

Background

Caregivers of lung cancer patients frequently experience psychological distress and high caregiver burden. Previous studies have focused on caregiver burden for patients with advanced lung cancer, while few studies focused on the caregiver burden among informal caregivers of postoperative patients with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Objectives

This study aimed to (a) examine caregiver burden for caregivers of patients with early‐stage NSCLC after surgical treatment and (b) identify predictive factors related to caregiver burden of patients with early‐stage NSCLC.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a university‐affiliated hospital in Changsha, China. A total of 385 patients with early‐stage NSCLC and postsurgical treatment and their caregivers were included in this study. Caregiver burden was evaluated using the Zarit caregiver burden interview (ZBI). A set of questionnaires was used to assess psychosocial characteristics of participants, including simplified coping style questionnaire, social support rate scale, and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied to identify factors associated with caregiver burden. We followed STROBE checklist for reporting the study.

Results

The average ZBI score was 29.1 ± 11.4. Most caregivers (62.6%) demonstrated mild to moderate caregiving burden. The duration of caregiving (β = 0.18, p < .001), passive coping of caregiver (β = 0.17, p = .001) and anxiety (β = 0.13, p = .007) were significant predictors of caregiving burden. A variance of 17.6% in caregiving burden was explained by these identified factors.

Conclusions

Caregivers of early‐stage NSCLC patients experience a mild to moderate level of caregiver burden. The duration of caregiving, passive coping and anxiety are factors associated with caregiver burden.

Relevance to clinical practice

Clinicians should provide early care to support new roles of family members as caregivers.
Climate‐related risks in financial assets
Authors: Campiglio Emanuele , Daumas Louis , Monnin Pierre , von Jagow Adrian
Published: July 2022

The financial risks and potential systemic impacts induced by climate change and the transition to a low‐carbon economy have become a central issue for both financial investors and their regulators. In this article, we develop a critical review of the empirical and theoretical literature concerning the impact of climate‐related risks on the price of financial assets. We first present the theoretical links between asset pricing and climate‐related risks and develop a theory of how climate risk drivers transmit costs to firms and lead to asset price changes. We then discuss studies looking at past climate‐related events, which show that both climate physical impacts and transition dynamics can trigger a revaluation of financial assets through multiple direct and indirect channels. Finally, we review the emerging literature that uses forward‐looking methodologies to estimate future climate‐related asset price changes, which suggests that climate financial risks can indeed have significant implications on financial stability.
Bioinformatics analysis of microarray data to identify hub genes, as diagnostic biomarker of HELLP syndrome: System biology approach
Authors: Asadikalameh Zahra , Maddah Reza , Maleknia Mohsen , Nassaj Zohre S. , Ali Neda Seyed , Azizi Sepideh , Dastyar Fatemeh
Published: July 2022

Background

HELLP syndrome is one of the disorders characterized by hemolysis, increased liver enzymes and decreased platelet count. So far, many molecular pathways and genes have been identified in relation to the pathogenesis of this syndrome; however, the main cause of the incidence and progression of the disease has not been identified. Using the biological system approach is a way to target patients by identifying genes and molecular pathways. In this study, we investigated genes and important molecular factors in the pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome.

Material and Methods

In this study, the microarray dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed using the GEO2R online tool for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Enrichment analysis of DEGs was evaluated using the Enrichr database. Then, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed via the STRING database; they were visualized by Cytoscape. Then the STRING database was used to construct PPI networks. The hub genes were recognized using the cytoHubba. Ultimately, the interaction of the miRNA‐hub genes and drug‐hub genes were also evaluated.

Result

After analysis, it was found that some genes with the highest degree of connectivity are involved in the pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome, which are known as the hub genes. These genes are as follows: KIT, JAK2, LEP, EP300, HIST1H4L, HIST1H4F, HIST1H4H, MMP9, THBS2, and ADAMTS3. Has‐miR‐34a‐5p was also most associated with hub genes.

Conclusion

Finally, it can be said, that the identification of genes and molecular pathways in HELLP syndrome can be helpful in identifying the pathogenesis pathways of the disease, and designing therapeutic targets.
Advanced MRI to differentiate schwannomas and metastases in the cerebellopontine angle/internal auditory canal
Authors: Ota Yoshiaki , Liao Eric , Zhao Raymond , Lobo Remy , Capizzano Aristides A. , Bapuraj Jayapalli Rajiv , Shah Gaurang , Baba Akira , Srinivasan Ashok
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose

Differentiating schwannomas and metastases in the cerebellopontine angles (CPA)/internal auditory canals (IAC) can be challenging. This study aimed to assess the role of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) to differentiate schwannomas and metastases in the CPA/IAC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 368 patients who were diagnosed with schwannomas or metastases in the CPA/IAC between April 2017 and February 2022 in a single academic center. Forty‐three patients had pretreatment DWI and DCE‐MRI along with conventional MRI. Normalized mean apparent diffusion coefficient ratio (nADCmean) and DCE‐MRI parameters of fractional plasma volume (Vp), flux rate constant (Kep), and forward volume transfer constant were compared along with patients’ demographics and conventional imaging features between schwannomas and metastases as appropriate. The diagnostic performances and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed using the significantly different values.

Results

Between 23 schwannomas (15 males; median 48 years) and 20 metastases (9 males; median 61 years), nADCmean (median: 1.69 vs. 1.43; p = .002), Vp (median: 0.05 vs. 0.20; p < .001), and Kep (median: 0.41 vs. 0.81 minute−1; p < .001) were significantly different. The diagnostic performances of nADCmean, Vp, and Kep were 0.77, 0.90, and 0.83 area under the curves, with cutoff values of 1.68, 0.12, and 0.53, respectively. Vp was identified as the most significant parameter for the tumor differentiation in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (p < .001).

Conclusions

DWI and DCE‐MRI can help differentiate CPA/IAC schwannomas and metastases, and Vp is the most significant parameter.
Postcrisis recovery in the regions of Europe: Does institutional quality matter?
Authors: Cutrini Eleonora
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates how institutional quality and its components (quality, impartiality, and control of corruption) are associated with the economic recovery in the aftermath of the global recession (2010–2016). The evidence suggests that the postcrisis dynamism of a region depends on whether its economy is accompanied by a good governance at the local level. The results also show the heterogeneity in the effects of institutional characteristics and other traditional determinants of growth for the high‐income club (core) and the low‐income club (periphery), respectively. This evidence can provide indications to define ad hoc policies apt to mitigate the recent surge in inequality among EU regions.
Gymnosporangium sabinae development cycle—Peculiarities and influencing factors
Authors: Lāce Baiba , Kārkliņa Katrīna , Deņisova Inese
Published: July 2022

Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter, the causal agent of European pear rust, is a heteroecious rust fungus with a demicyclic life cycle—it produces teliospores and basidiospores on junipers, spermatia and aeciospores on pears. Environmental factors and agrotechnical methods influence the progress and duration of each stage, which is why the specifics and mechanisms of each stage of development are to be studied to predict the spread of the disease and its potential severity. A wide‐range study of European pear rust in Latvia started in 2008—the impact of agroecological factors on the biology of G. sabinae was studied. It was concluded that pears' infection depends on basidiospores' development and release, which is mainly influenced by favourable meteorological conditions—precipitation of at least 10 mm and an average air temperature not below 10°C. The pathogen develops on shoots in the same way as on leaves. However, the development on shoots is slower overall, and the pathogen cannot overwinter there.
Nurse consultant to day/child care centers
Authors: Schultz Celeste M. , Johnson Robin A.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Approximately 23.2 million children in the United States attend day care; however, many of these children often lack access to health care. Given the potential for advanced practice nurses to address this gap in health care, the authors sought to gain a better understanding of healthcare consulting provided by nurses to day/child care centers. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the extent, range, and nature of evidence regarding the role of nurse consultants in day and childcare settings.

Design and methods

A scoping review was conducted in CINAHL and PubMed, to report and summarize relevant literature published before 2020. Search terms included day or child care, nurse consultants, healthcare consultants, and day or child care health consultants.

Results

The search produced 92 publications; 21 publications met the inclusion criteria and are included in the review. After independently reading the publications, the authors identified and agreed upon seven central themes. Themes included an analysis of the consulting process, description of the nurse consulting role in individual and large day and childcare settings, director's perceptions of health consultants, impact of nurse consultants, education and training, barriers to the healthcare consultant role, and political advocacy.

Practice Implications

Advanced nurse practitioner, particularly pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs), possess the skill set in acute and chronic conditions, as well as health maintenance and promotion that can be translated and used in the role of the nurse consultant to day and child care centers. Having PNPs in this role may help to address primary healthcare needs of children.
Self‐reported symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing and risk of cardiovascular diseases: Observational and Mendelian randomization findings
Authors: Titova Olga E. , Yuan Shuai , Baron John A. , Lindberg Eva , Michaëlsson Karl , Larsson Susanna C.
Published: July 2022

Sleep‐disordered breathing may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, but observational findings are inconclusive. We investigated whether sleep‐disordered breathing‐related symptoms are associated with risk of several cardiovascular diseases using data from a cohort study and by performing Mendelian randomization analyses. The cohort study included 43,624 adults (56–94 years old) who completed questionnaires regarding symptoms of snoring and cessation of breathing, lifestyle habits and health characteristics. Participants were followed up for incident cardiovascular diseases and death over 8 years through linkage to the Swedish National Patient and Death Registers. The Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using single‐nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with sleep apnea in a recent genome‐wide association study and summary‐level data for major cardiovascular diseases from large‐scale consortia. In the cohort study, an increased risk of atrial fibrillation was observed in participants who reported both snoring and cessation of breathing (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.16 [1.03–1.30]) compared with those without sleep‐disordered breathing symptoms. There was no association between sleep‐disordered breathing symptoms and risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, aortic valve stenosis or abdominal aortic aneurysm in multivariable analyses. Mendelian randomization analyses showed no association of genetic liability to sleep apnea with myocardial infarction, heart failure or atrial fibrillation, but revealed a suggestive association with coronary artery disease (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.24 [1.02–1.52]).
Serum metabolomic profiles in dogs with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Walker Hannah K. , Boag Alisdair M. , Ottka Claudia , Lohi Hannes , Handel Ian , Gow Adam G. , Mellanby Richard J.
Published: July 2022

Background

Metabolic profiles differ between healthy humans and those with inflammatory bowel disease. Few studies have examined metabolic profiles in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE).

Hypothesis

Serum metabolic profiles of dogs with CE are significantly different from those of healthy dogs.

Animals

Fifty‐five dogs with CE and 204 healthy controls.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study. The serum concentrations of 99 metabolites measured using a canine‐specific proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy platform were studied. A 2‐sample unpaired t‐test was used to compare the 2 study samples. The threshold for significance was set at P < .05 with a Bonferroni correction for each metabolite group.

Results

Nineteen metabolites and 18 indices of lipoprotein composition were significantly different between the CE and healthy dogs. Four metabolites were significantly higher in dogs with CE, including phenylalanine (mean and SD) (healthy: 0.0417 mmol/L; [SD] 0.0100; CE: 0.0480 mmol/L; SD: 0.0125; P value: <.001) and lactate (healthy: 1.8751 mmol/L; SD: 0.7808; CE: 2.4827 mmol/L; SD CE: 1.4166; P value: .003). Fifteen metabolites were significantly lower in dogs with CE, including total fatty acids, and glycine (healthy: 0.2273 mmol/L; SD: 0.0794; CE: 0.1828 mmol/L; SD CE: 0.0517; P value: <.001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The metabolic profile of dogs with CE is significantly different from that of healthy dogs, this opens novel research avenues to develop better diagnostic and prognostic approaches as well as therapeutic trials.
Living under Ulva canopy: The case of the scavenger snail Buccinastrum deforme in a eutrophic macrotidal bay in Patagonia (Argentina)
Authors: Storero Lorena P. , Avaca María Soledad , Roche Andrea
Published: July 2022

Eutrophication results in macroalgal blooms with usually negative effects on the marine communities; nevertheless, positive and neutral effects have also been reported. We hypothesized that the macroalgal canopy plays an important role in secondary consumers like the scavenger snail Buccinastrum deforme through amelioration of physical stress and through carrion retention below the canopy. We evaluated if the canopy provided by Ulva spp. affected the habitat conditions and population traits of B. deforme in a macrotidal coastal system of North Patagonia. Our results indicated that the Ulva canopy was associated with lower desiccation, a higher abundance of crab carrions, and with larger and heavier snails. We did not, however, find differences in the sex ratio, the juvenile, and total density of B. deforme between microhabitats with and without an Ulva canopy. These results suggest that macroalgal canopy of Ulva has a modest ecological effect on B. deforme.
Genomic divergence of Stellera chamaejasme through local selection across the Qinghai–Tibet plateau and northern China
Authors: Hu Hongyin , Yang Yongzhi , Li Ao , Zheng Zeyu , Zhang Jin , Liu Jianquan
Published: July 2022

Understanding how populations diverge and new species arise is a central question in evolutionary biology. “Allopatric” divergence through geographical isolation is considered to be the commonest mechanism generating species biodiversity in mountain ecosystems. However, the underlying genomic dynamics, especially genomic islands of elevated divergence and genes that are highly diverged as a result of lineage‐specific selection, remain poorly understood. Stellera chamaejasme has a wide geographical range across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and northern China, making it a good model with which to explore genomic divergence during speciation in mountain ecosystems. We assembled a high‐quality, chromosome‐level genome for this species and resequenced the genomes of 24 populations across its major distribution. Our population genomic analyses recovered four distinct genetic lineages corresponding to geographical distributions with contrasting environments. However, we revealed continuous gene flow during the historical divergences of these four lineages. Interlineage hybrids and plastome introgressions were frequently found in regions of contact, which further increased gene flow between two contacting lineages in the recent past. The elevated divergences were highly heterogeneous across the genome and selection of ancestral polymorphisims and divergence hitchhiking contributed greatly to the formation of genomic islands. The highly diverged and lineage‐specific positively selected genes within and outside genomic islands were annotated to be mainly involved in local adaptation. Our results suggest that genomic divergence in S. chamaejasme is likely to have been triggered and maintained by local selection together with geographical isolation.
DNA metabarcoding reveals impact of local recruitment, dispersal, and hydroperiod on assembly of a zooplankton metacommunity
Authors: Kiemel Katrin , Weithoff Guntram , Tiedemann Ralph
Published: July 2022

Understanding the environmental impact on the assembly of local communities in relation to their spatial and temporal connectivity is still a challenge in metacommunity ecology. This study aims to unravel underlying metacommunity processes and environmental factors that result in observed zooplankton communities. Unlike most metacommunity studies, we jointly examine active and dormant zooplankton communities using a DNA metabarcoding approach to overcome limitations of morphological species identification. We applied two‐fragment (COI and 18S) metabarcoding to monitor communities of 24 kettle holes over a two‐year period to unravel (i) spatial and temporal connectivity of the communities, (ii) environmental factors influencing local communities, and (iii) dominant underlying metacommunity processes in this system. We found a strong separation of zooplankton communities from kettle holes of different hydroperiods (degree of permanency) throughout the season, while the community composition within single kettle holes did not differ between years. Species richness was primarily dependent on pH and permanency, while species diversity (Shannon Index) was influenced by kettle hole location. Community composition was impacted by kettle hole size and surrounding field crops. Environmental processes dominated temporal and spatial processes. Sediment communities showed a different composition compared to water samples but did not differ between ephemeral and permanent kettle holes. Our results suggest that communities are mainly structured by environmental filtering based on pH, kettle hole size, surrounding field crops, and permanency. Environmental filtering based on specific conditions in individual kettle holes seems to be the dominant process in community assembly in the studied zooplankton metacommunity.
Genetic inhibition of PDK1 robustly reduces plaque deposition and ameliorates gliosis in the 5×FAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ye Xiaolian , Chen Lu , Wang He , Peng Shixiao , Liu Mengjia , Yao Liyang , Zhang Yizhi , Shi Yun Stone , Cao Ying , Yang Jian‐Jun , Chen Guiquan
Published: July 2022

Aims

Abundant recent evidence has shown that 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) is activated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unknown whether inhibition of PDK1 in neurons may affect AD‐like pathology in animal models of AD. Here, we aim to examine the effects of specific inactivation of neuronal PDK1 on pathology and behaviour in 5×FAD mice and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods

The Cre‐loxP system was employed to generate Pdk1 cKO/5×FAD mice, in which PDK1 is inactivated in excitatory neurons in the adult forebrain. Cellular and behavioural techniques were used to examine plaque burden, inflammatory responses and spatial working memory in mice. Biochemical and molecular analyses were conducted to investigate relevant mechanisms.

Results

First, Aβ deposition was massively decreased and gliosis was highly attenuated in Pdk1 cKO/5×FAD mice compared with 5×FAD mice. Second, memory deficits were significantly improved in Pdk1 cKO/5×FAD mice. Third, APP levels were notably decreased in Pdk1 cKO/5×FAD mice. Fourth, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling and ribosome biogenesis were reduced in Pdk1 cKO/5×FAD mice.

Conclusions

Neuron‐specific deletion of PDK1 robustly ameliorates AD‐like pathology and improves spatial working memory in 5×FAD mice. We propose that genetic approach to inhibit PDK1 may be an effective strategy to slow AD.
Intracranial phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kojima Daijiro , Ohba Shigeo , Abe Masato , Suzuki Atsushi , Horibe Seiji , Tateya Ichiro , Hasegawa Mitsuhiro , Hirose Yuichi
Published: July 2022

Most osteomalacia‐inducing tumors (OITs) are phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs) that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). These tumors usually occur in the bone and soft tissues, and intracranial OITs are rare. Therefore, intracranial OIT is difficult to diagnose and treat. This paper presents a case of intracranial OIT and shows a review of previous cases. A 45‐year‐old man underwent nasal cavity biopsy and treatment with active vitamin D3 and neutral phosphate for hypophosphatemia. Amplification of FGF23 mRNA level within the tumor was detected. Subsequently, the surgical specimen was diagnosed with a PMT and was considered the cause of the patient's osteomalacia. The patient was referred to a neurosurgery department for the excision of the intracranial tumor extending to the nasal cavity. After tumor removal, the serum levels of FGF23 and phosphorus were normalized as compared to preoperative those. The patient remains disease‐free, without additional treatment, approximately 10 years after surgery, with no tumor recurrence. As per the literature, intracranial OITs usually occur in patients aged 8–69 years. Bone and muscle pain are major complaints. Approximately 60% of the patients reported previously had symptoms because of intracranial tumors. In some cases, it took several years to diagnose OIT after the onset of the osteomalacia symptoms. Laboratory data in such cases show hypophosphatemia and elevated FGF23 levels. Because FGF23 levels are associated with the severity of osteomalacia symptoms, total tumor resection is recommended. PMT and hemangiopericytoma (HPC) are histologically similar, but on immunochemistry, PMT is negative for signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), whereas HPC is positive. FGF23 amplification is seen in PMTs but not in HPCs. Therefore, the analysis of FGF23 and STAT6 was helpful in distinguishing PMTs from HPCs. In cases of hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia without a history of metabolic, renal, or malabsorptive diseases, the possibility of oncogenic osteomalacia should be considered.
Exercise‐induced hypoalgesic effects of different types of physical exercise in individuals with neck pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Senarath I. Dilhari , Chen Kexun K. , Weerasekara Ishanka , de Zoete Rutger M. J.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To evaluate the exercise‐induced hypoalgesic (EIH) effects of different types of physical exercise in individuals with neck pain.

Design

Systematic review with meta‐analysis.

Literature Search

An electronic search of six databases was completed to include studies assessing EIH effects on neck pain.

Study Selection Criteria

Randomized controlled trials, controlled trials, and observational studies that assessed before and immediate after‐effects of a single session of physical exercise in people with neck pain were included. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted outcomes, assessed the risk of bias, and rated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Data synthesis

EIH is characterized by increased pain threshold, pain tolerance, and/or decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli or unpleasantness, which may last up to 30 min after a single bout of exercise. EIH is usually measured with quantitative sensory testing (QST) and is mostly taken as the difference between pre‐ and postexercise pressure pain threshold (PPT). Data were pooled and analyzed using a fixed‐effect meta‐analysis.

Results

Eleven articles were included in this review; nine with low risk of bias and two with some concerns about the risk of bias. Three studies with chronic whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD) were included in the meta‐analysis; isometric exercise had a larger EIH effect at the local testing site compared with submaximal aerobic exercises (MD = −0.21, [95% CI = −0.43, 0.00], p = 0.05, I2 = 92%), submaximal aerobic and isometric exercises had equal EIH effects at the remote testing site (MD = 0.01, [95% CI = −0.33, 0.35], p = 0.95, I2 = 0%), and submaximal aerobic exercises exerted comparably larger EIH effect at the remote testing site than local testing site (MD = −0.01, [95% CI = −0.20, 0.18], p = 0.93, I2 = 56%). The certainty of evidence (GRADE) for these analyses was low to very low. According to the descriptive analysis of the studies of chronic nonspecific neck pain, isometric and range of motion (ROM) exercises have shown EIH effects. Active stretching exercises have illustrated contradictory effects.

Conclusion

Isometric and ROM exercises exerted hypoalgesia at local and remote sites. A larger EIH effect following submaximal aerobic exercises was exerted at the remote testing site compared with the local site.
Genetic modification of flavone biosynthesis in rice enhances biofilm formation of soil diazotrophic bacteria and biological nitrogen fixation
Authors: Yan Dawei , Tajima Hiromi , Cline Lauren C. , Fong Reedmond Y. , Ottaviani Javier I. , Shapiro Howard‐Yana , Blumwald Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Improving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in cereal crops is a long‐sought objective; however, no successful modification of cereal crops showing increased BNF has been reported. Here, we described a novel approach in which rice plants were modified to increase the production of compounds that stimulated biofilm formation in soil diazotrophic bacteria, promoted bacterial colonization of plant tissues and improved BNF with increased grain yield at limiting soil nitrogen contents. We first used a chemical screening to identify plant‐produced compounds that induced biofilm formation in nitrogen‐fixing bacteria and demonstrated that apigenin and other flavones induced BNF. We then used CRISPR‐based gene editing targeting apigenin breakdown in rice, increasing plant apigenin contents and apigenin root exudation. When grown at limiting soil nitrogen conditions, modified rice plants displayed increased grain yield. Biofilm production also modified the root microbiome structure, favouring the enrichment of diazotrophic bacteria recruitment. Our results support the manipulation of the flavone biosynthetic pathway as a feasible strategy for the induction of biological nitrogen fixation in cereals and a reduction in the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers.
Whole‐plant microbiome profiling reveals a novel geminivirus associated with soybean stay‐green disease
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Wang Mingxing , Wang Like , Feng Huan , He Xin , Chang Shihao , Wang Dapeng , Wang Lei , Yang Jun , An Guoyong , Wang Xiaojie , Kong Lingrang , Geng Zhen , Wang Ertao
Published: July 2022

Microbiota colonize every accessible plant tissue and play fundamental roles in plant growth and health. Soybean stay‐green syndrome (SGS), a condition that causes delayed leaf senescence (stay‐green), flat pods and abnormal seeds of soybean, has become the most serious disease of soybean in China. However, the direct cause of SGS is highly debated, and little is known about how SGS affect soybean microbiome dynamics, particularly the seed microbiome. We studied the bacterial, fungal, and viral communities associated with different soybean tissues with and without SGS using a multi‐omics approach, and investigated the possible pathogenic agents associated with SGS and how SGS affects the assembly and functions of plant‐associated microbiomes. We obtained a comprehensive view of the composition, function, loads, diversity, and dynamics of soybean microbiomes in the rhizosphere, root, stem, leaf, pod, and seed compartments, and discovered that soybean SGS was associated with dramatically increased microbial loads and dysbiosis of the bacterial microbiota in seeds. Furthermore, we identified a novel geminivirus that was strongly associated with soybean SGS, regardless of plant cultivar, sampling location, or harvest year. This whole‐plant microbiome profiling of soybean provides the first demonstration of geminivirus infection associated with microbiota dysbiosis, which might represent a general microbiological symptom of plant diseases.
MITF deficiency and oncogenic GNAQ each promote proliferation programs in zebrafish melanocyte lineage cells
Authors: Phelps Grace B. , Amsterdam Adam , Hagen Hannah R. , García Nicole Zambrana , Lees Jacqueline A.
Published: July 2022

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignancy of the adult eye but lacks any FDA‐approved therapy for the deadly metastatic disease. Thus, there is a great need to dissect the driving mechanisms for UM and develop strategies to evaluate potential therapeutics. Using an autochthonous zebrafish model, we previously identified MITF, the master melanocyte transcription factor, as a tumor suppressor in GNAQQ209L‐driven UM. Here, we show that zebrafish mitfa‐deficient GNAQQ209L‐driven tumors significantly up‐regulate neural crest markers, and that higher expression of a melanoma‐associated neural crest signature correlates with poor UM patient survival. We further determined how the mitfa‐null state, as well as expression of GNAQQ209L, YAPS127A;S381A, or BRAFV600E oncogenes, impacts melanocyte lineage cells before they acquire the transformed state. Specifically, examination 5 days post‐fertilization showed that mitfa‐deficiency is sufficient to up‐regulate pigment progenitor and neural crest markers, while GNAQQ209L expression promotes a proliferative phenotype that is further enhanced by YAPS127A;S381A co‐expression. Finally, we show that this oncogene‐induced proliferative phenotype can be used to screen chemical inhibitors for their efficacy against the UM pathway. Overall, this study establishes that a neural crest signature correlates with poor UM survival, and describes an in vivo assay for preclinical trials of potential UM therapeutics.
Anscombe's and von Wright's non‐causalist response to Davidson's challenge
Authors: Kietzmann Christian
Published: July 2022

Donald Davidson established causalism, i.e. the view that reasons are causes and that action explanation is causal explanation, as the dominant view within contemporary action theory. According to his “master argument”, we must distinguish between reasons the agent merely has and reasons she has and which actually explain what she did, and the only, or at any rate the best, way to make the distinction is by saying that the reasons for which an agent acts are causes of her action. “Davidson's challenge” to non‐causalists is to come up with an alternative, more convincing, way of drawing the distinction. In this paper, I argue that G.E.M. Anscombe and G.H. von Wright offer such an alternative. Moreover, I argue that Davidson's own account of interpretation makes no use of his causalist claim.
Robust stock assortment and cutting under defects in automotive glass production
Authors: Arbib Claudio , Marinelli Fabrizio , Pınar Mustafa Ç. , Pizzuti Andrea
Published: July 2022

We address an assortment‐and‐cutting problem arising in the glass industry. The objective is to provide minimum waste solutions that are robust against such raw material imperfections as those possibly occurring with float glass production technology. The stochastic realization of defects is modeled as a spatial Poisson point process. A mixed integer program in the classical vein of robust optimization is presented and tested on data taken from a real plant application. Defective final products must in any case be discarded as waste but, if a recourse strategy is adopted, faults in glass sheets can sometimes be recovered. Closed forms for the computation of faulty item probabilities are provided in simple cases, and obtained via Monte Carlo simulation in more complex ones. The computational results demonstrate the benefits of the robust approach in terms of the reduction of back‐orders and overproduction, thereby showing that recourse strategies can enable nonnegligible improvements. Encouraged by this result, the management is presently evaluating the possibility of adopting the proposed model in plant operation.
Is it all about you or your driving? Designing IoT‐enabled risk assessments
Authors: Ho Yi‐Jen (Ian) , Liu Siyuan , Pu Jingchuan , Zhang Dian
Published: July 2022

Technological applications disrupt the way to assess risks in the auto‐insurance business. Contrasted with the common practice based on static demographics, usage‐based insurance predicts risks using driving data collected from Internet‐of‐things–enabled telematics. This study proposes a novel solution leveraging the synergy between big data and hierarchical modeling. We specifically consider two aspects of mobility, namely, trait and trajectory, monitored by global positioning system (GPS), on‐board diagnostics, and in‐vehicle cameras in real time. Traits here refer to drivers’ distinctive driving behaviors (styles), whereas trajectories consist of the vehicle motion sequences and the contextual factors on trips. We operationalize semantic features of the two to assess risks at both trip and driver levels. Using fine‐granular driving data and crash reports, we find that behavioral traits play a significant role in predicting crashes, given individual heterogeneity and temporal dynamics. In a series of empirical validations, the proposed solution outperforms the current practice and alternative predictive models considered by prior literature. We show that the mobility‐based models are superior to the demographic‐based ones. Moreover, our model achieves the comparable performance of neural networks, improving the recall of class‐weighted logistic regression, nested support vector machine, and cost‐sensitive random forests by 44.23%, 29.18%, and 24.59%, respectively. Last, our approach is robust, data independent, and computationally efficient for skewed and small samples. This study provides several managerial implications and a blueprint for the auto‐insurance industry to operationalize IoT‐enabled risk assessments in the era of 5G communication.
Identification of internal reference genes for porcine immature Sertoli cells under heat stress
Authors: Wang Yi , Wu Zi‐Wei , Fang Ting , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Chen Lu , Du Zhi‐Qiang , Yang Cai‐Xia
Published: July 2022

Identification of stably expressed gene(s) as internal reference(s) for different experimental conditions is key to the accurate normalization and quantification of target transcripts. Previously, our RNA‐seq study showed that Hprt1, Actb, and 18S rRNA abundances were all significantly altered in porcine immature Sertoli cells (iSCs) during acute heat stress (HS). In the current study, we aimed to identify stable reference gene(s) to study the gene expression dynamics of quick and delayed responses after acute HS treatment of porcine iSCs. A total of six genes previously used in pig testis or Sertoli cells (Hprt1, Top2b, Actb, Rpl32, Gapdh, and 18S rRNA) were chosen to perform RT‐qPCR for the control (before acute HS), HS0.5 (acute HS at 43°C for 0.5 h), and HS0.5‐R36 (36 h recovery following acute HS) groups. The stability of candidate reference genes was examined by the GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and Comparative ΔCt methods, and RefFinder to obtain the final rank. Rpl32 and Actb were the two most stable internal reference genes as found by all methods, whereas Hprt1 and 18S rRNA were the two most unstable as ranked by RefFinder. Moreover, expression of six target mRNAs (Ccn1, Ccnb1, Eif4g1, Hdac6, Plk2, and Ptma) was normalized using Rpl32, Actb, or the combination of Rpl32 and Actb, respectively. Therefore, our findings that the most suitable internal references are Rpl32 and Actb provide useful information for further functional investigation on genes regulating the acute HS of porcine iSCs.
The adverse effects of high‐dose corticosteroid on infectious and non‐infectious sequelae in renal transplant recipients with coronavirus disease‐19 in India
Authors: Veeranki Vamsidhar , Prasad Narayan , Meyyappan Jeyakumar , Bhadauria Dharmendra , Behera Manas R. , Kushwaha Ravi , Patel Manas R. , Yaccha Monika , Kaul Anupama
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The corticosteroid dosing modulation in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is not well defined. We aimed to analyze the outcomes and infectious and non‐infectious sequelae in RTR with COVID‐19 with reference to corticosteroid dosing and the first and second pandemic waves of COVID‐19.

Materials and methods

This study included RTRs admitted during two pandemic waves between March 25, 2020, and July 31, 2021. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe COVID‐19. The outcomes and predictors of survival at 4 weeks were analyzed. The survivors were also followed for 6 months and were studied for mortality, readmission rates, and infectious and non‐infectious sequelae with reference to high‐dose and standard‐dose corticosteroids.

Results

A total of 251 RTRs, 104 during the first wave and 147 during the second wave, were treated. Overall mortality was 15.1% (11.5% in the first wave vs. 17.5% in the second wave,p= .23). The use of high‐dose steroids was also significantly high in non‐survivors (85.8% vs. 11.3%,p= .001). On multivariate analysis, the severity of COVID‐19, graft dysfunction, and high dose of corticosteroid therapy were associated with increased odds of mortality. Among survivors, 6‐month mortality (17.3% vs. 0.5%,p= .001), readmission rate (91.3% vs. 23.7%,p= .001), fungal infection (30.4% vs. 2.2%,p< .001), and post‐COVID lung sequelae (21.7% vs. 4.4%,p= .008) were significantly higher in the high‐dose corticosteroid group than in the standard‐dose group.

Conclusion

High‐dose corticosteroid dosing in RTRs with COVID‐19 was associated with increased infections, particularly fungal infections, and non‐infectious sequelae with higher mortality on subsequent follow‐up.

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Sustainable Assessment: The Inevitable Future of Engineering Curriculum
Authors: Liew Chia Pao , Kiew Peck Loo
Published: July 2022

The programme outcomes, also known as graduate attributes in the International Engineering Alliance, serve as a benchmark of standards for engineering education to higher learning institutions in Malaysia and other signatory countries under the educational accords. Various studies conducted around the world have revealed that evaluating programme outcomes is perhaps the most important criterion for Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) which focuses on improving graduates' intellectual skills and capabilities. Several Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) in Malaysia have struggled with assessing programme outcomes since the Engineering Accreditation Council Malaysia (EAC) introduced OBE in 2005. Despite the fact that the programme has been in place for over a decade, issues with assessing programme outcomes persist. Unsustainable effort and meaningless outcome assessment among academic staff are exacerbated by a lack of a specific programme outcome model, improper use of assessment tools, and the collection of massive amounts of unnecessary data. The challenges of assessing programme outcomes experienced by HLIs and academic staff are elaborated on in this article. The concept of sustainable development is introduced, which is believed to be capable of alleviating the problems associated with programme outcome assessment. The background of the adoption of OBE in Malaysia, as well as the assessment requirements of the Washington Accord, are presented in order to emphasise sustainable assessment as the inevitable future of engineering curriculum. The sustainable assessment in engineering curriculum advocated in this article aims to produce sustainable engineering graduates while also reducing the burden of programme outcomes assessment on academic staff.