bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appraisal of Value Added – A Comparative Study of SAIL and TATA STEEL Ltd.
Authors: Agarwal N. P. , Toshniwal Ritu
Published: March 2013

The term ‘value added’ consists of ‘Value’ and ‘Added’. The word value denotes the exchange power which one commodity or service possess in relation to the other. The word ‘Added’ refers to put something extra in the existing thing or to create something or innovative in addition to the existing knowledge. In brief value addition contributes to the worth of a product or service by making it comparatively more useful. It adds to the human satisfaction and utility. Value addition also adds to consumer surplus by making products or services viable. The contribution in utility or use or worth or satisfaction or importance is made by the efforts of different parties in an organization constituting the set up of an organization. These parties include Employees, Providers of Funds, Government, Society and Owners or Entrepreneur. This paper discusses how to evaluate value addition and thereby suggest ways of improving it. It will also create awareness towards value addition by the business concerns which will improve social creativity and common welfare.
Effectiveness of CRM in Banking Services with Reference to ATM Services in NCR Delhi
Authors: Singh Shamsher , Rahul Manmohan
Published: March 2013

In the recent years, CRM has emerged as one of the most widely prescribed solutions for diminishing market share and sluggish growth in banking and financial sector in particular This study focuses on the theoretical aspects of CRM in general and adoption of ATM services as CRM practices by the leading Indian banks such as State Bank of India, ICICI bank, HDFC Bank & Punjab National Bank in particular. The banking sector has undertaken various initiatives to attract, build and retain their customers. Thus, we saw the establishment of first ATM by HSBC bank in Delhi in 1987. This was followed by private as well as public sector banks. Although the ATM services are available across the length and breadth of the country, it is mainly used in major cities of India by various public and private banks as CRM tool. The main aim of this research is to study the effectiveness of ATM services as provided by these banks. The study uses customer opinion survey (N=400) of two public sector banks and two private sector banks (100 respondents for each bank). ANOVA provides insights in the ATM services provided by the banks in question. The four banks taken into consideration are assumed to represent the functioning of both the private and the public sector and their CRM practices. This is done to generalize the findings and to give our recommendations and suggestions to the banks in question.
Fifty Years of Integer Programming: A Review of the Solution Approaches
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Luhandjula Monga K. , Munapo Elias , Jones Brian C.
Published: March 2013

Many scientific, industrial engineering and economic problems may be cast into an integer-programming model. This paper attempts to review various approaches that have been developed for solving this model, emphasizing on the methodological view. For the sake of space, we restrict ourselves mainly to the pure integer-programming problem. The paper is expository in nature and it includes many references to give credit to essential results in the field and help readers obtain more detailed information on issues of interest.
Economics of Climate Change Responses and Mode of International Funding of Climate Projects
Authors: Sarkar A. N. , Leal Walter
Published: March 2013

Energy-intensive industrialization and various anthropogenic actions by humans over centuries have resulted in a huge build up of Greenhouse gases triggering consequential ‘Greenhouse effects’ and ‘Global warming’. This, in turn, has caused global climate change with adverse impact on ecology, environment, economy and human health. Among other things, the economic impact of global warming and climate change/aberration has been widely acknowledged to be phenomenal. In past few years, climate change economics has focused on diagnosing the economic underpinnings of climate change and offering positive and normative analyses of policies to confront the problem. While overlapping with other areas of environmental economics, climate change economics has a unique focus because of distinctive features of the climate problem, including the long time scale, the extent and nature of uncertainties, the international scope of the issue, and the uneven distribution of policy benefits and costs across space and time. The ‘Kyoto Protocol’ (1997), ‘Bali Action Plan’ (2007), and of late Copenhagen Accord (2009), have effectively provided, among other things, the institutional mechanisms and broad operational framework for funding such of those initiatives at local, regional and global levels that can limit and progressively reduce greenhouse gas emissions through carefully designed mitigation and adaptation actions. In this paper, an attempt has been made to discuss the various economic and financial implications in climate change impact assessment and thereby help formulation of appropriate strategies, including the mode of transfer of resources and technologies from the developed to the developing economy to respond to the various adverse impacts of climate change, primarily through mitigation and adaptation actions. The emerging business opportunities, borne out of economic responses to climate change management and Emissions trading in the post-Copenhagen scenario, is also briefly discussed.
Societal Marketing – A Tool for Financial Performance or Simply a Donation: An Empirical Investigation of Pakistani Firms
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Shahbaz , Uddin Mian Rehman , Shahbaz Muhammad , Sayyed Fauzia
Published: March 2013

A socially beneficial project, entity or an organization only exists when its social benefits are more than its social costs. Previously, businesses were virtually of no benefit to the society, except for providing employment and utilities to the society. In this study, we explored the impact of societal marketing on the financial performance of the organization. This research will hopefully encourage the organizations to engage themselves further in societal marketing activities; as it is not merely a donation and it will yield future returns. Financial statistics of ten organizations involved in societal marketing activities in Pakistan, were taken from Karachi Stock Exchange. From the financial data collected, we analyzed the impact of societal marketing on their overall financial performance by using Paired Sample t-test. There is a significant impact of societal marketing on organization's financial performance. The results verify that societal marketing is an investment for the organization that yield high returns. Our findings are specific only to those organizations which are listed on the KSE. In Pakistan, there are number of organizations which actively engage in societal marketing activities but these organizations were not willing to share their financial data. For this reason, these organizations were not incorporated in this study.

The positive impact of societal marketing on financial performance has made a strategic discovery for organizations operating in Pakistan. These firms can not only earn handsome profits but also will have improved image in the society. Through this study, we have negated the perception of some of the Pakistani firms who perceive societal marketing as wastage of financial resources and consider it as a donation.
Impact of Micro-Finance on Economic Status of Members of the Self-Help Groups
Authors: Murugesan J. , Ganapathi R.
Published: March 2013

In olden days, Indian women were mainly rendering services to the family members, particularly to the husband and children. So, women were not allowed to go outside for earning income. In most areas they were not allowed even to go for higher education. India being a country, with 70% of its population belonging to rural sector, depends on agriculture and allied activities. It faces many problems to generate income to the rural mass. Due to climate, rainfall failure and some other reasons the farmers do not generate adequate income to meet their family needs and suffer a lot most of the time except during harvest. The villages strive hard to run their family and to satisfy their children's requirements. Due to this reason, the women started to generate income. At present, women contribute much for the development of all sectors of the country. Employment gives economic status to women. Economic status increases social status and thereby empowerment. By keeping this view all the governments try to improve the status of women in all possible ways. SHGs are considered as the main channel for generating income to the women in all areas particularly in rural and semi-urban areas. The growth of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) is evidence of the fact that women are coming out of their shells, shunning their secondary citizen status and are using their potentialities and talents for individual and societal benefits. Earlier SHGs were formed by the less educated womenfolk, but today even educated women are coming forward to form SHGs because of its various obvious benefits. In this context though the SHGs are improving the socio-economic status of women, a specific study is needed for every region because of its unique economic and cultural environment. Therefore, the present study has been carried out with 240 members of SHGs operating in Coimbatore District. Many interesting findings emerge from the present study. Relationship between many independent variables and the dependent variable are statistically tested and are interpreted so as to bring out useful inferences. One of the main findings is that lack of awareness and inability of the members to carry on the activities by themselves. Many practical suggestions have been given in the study for making this massive rural programme a success.
Cloud Computing: A Silver Lining in the Dark Clouds of Crisis Management of Economic Slowdown
Authors: Shivakumar B. L. , Raju T. , Hannah Revathy F.
Published: March 2013

Industries, by and large, devise various ways and means to reduce the cost of production/services to offer cheaper goods/services to the customers: IT industry is no exception to this. The R&D units of the IT industry are burning their midnight oil to reduce their investment in infrastructure, engaging of IT professionals and the recurring expenditure. The concept of ‘Cloud Computing’ originated in the recent past has become handy to reduce the cost. In due course ‘Cloud Computing’ will be another popular utility service such as electricity, telephony, water supply etc. In this paper, the elements of ‘Cloud Computing’, configuration and advantages are discussed. How cost could be reduced is explained with illustrations. Further, the pitfalls/limitations in ‘Cloud Computing’ are also outlined.
E-CRM: A Critical Analysis by Developing an Effective Model
Authors: Dawn Suman Kumar , Guha Anindya
Published: March 2013

Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) is an integrated process centred on the consumer that derives improved profit, revenue and operational efficiency by a better understanding of the customer and customer relationship. It is a comprehensive approach which provides seamless integration of every area of business that touches upon the customer-namely marketing, sales, customer service and field support; through the integration of people, process and technology. Taking advantage of revolutionary impact of the Internet, E-CRM creates a mutual benefit relationship with all the customers, through integrations of customer touch-points as part of business process. Today, firms have realised that their ability to compete in this competing marketing environment is solely dependent on their building and maintaining relationship with their target customers through Internet. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a comprehensive model for E-CRM which will be helpful for the Indian companies. The literature survey highlights the earlier research references in the area of electronic customer relationship management to augment the body of knowledge for this study.
Diversification Strategy and Corporate Performance in India: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Mohindru Aparna , Chander Subhash
Published: March 2013

Diversification is developing as one of the most important growth strategies these days followed by the corporate sector. Using multiple regression analysis, this paper studies the impact of diversification on the performance of firms in the Indian corporate sector over the ten year time period, that is, 1995–2004. Profitability is measured in terms of Return on Net Worth (RONW), Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) and Earnings Per Share (EPS), while growth is measured in term of Growth in Sales (GSALES) and Growth in Dividend (GDIV). But for diversification, nine other independent variables have been controlled for. The results show that diversification strategy, especially Related Business strategy, has a negative and significant impact on the performance of the firms. Risk and industry have a positive and significant association with most of the dependent variables, while age and leverage have a negative and significant association with most of the dependent variables. Firms in India need to achieve the Break-even Point with respect to their costs of diversification. After the gestation period is over, diversification strategy is likely to bear fruitful results for the firms in India.
An Empirical Assessment of Five Dimensions of SERVQUAL in Life Insurance in India
Authors: Garg M. C. , Verma Anju
Published: March 2013

Liberalization has introduced a lot of competition among the life-insurance companies in India. As consumer, the king of the market is always treated as an important feature every company tries to attract customers by committing a bundle of promises. However, the actual picture is still far away from reality. Keeping this in mind, present study is designed to assess satisfaction level among life-insurance policyholders and to calculate the linear relationship among the five dimensions of SERVQUAL Model. A sample size of 355 policyholders is drawn on the basis of random sampling. The data have been collected using a well structured questionnaire. The responses regarding the satisfaction level among policyholders are measured with the help of descriptive as well as statistical tools. Factor analyses, Pearson Correlation, Cronbach's Alpha reliability test, SERVPERF and SERVQUAL Model have been computed to assess the satisfaction levels among the life-insurance policyholders. The SERVQUAL Model has been fitted with five dimensions viz; product satisfaction, pre-sale service, post-sale service, office service and over-all service quality. This was to ensure a comprehensive measure of quality, which incorporates the linear relationship of the variables into the measurement.
Human Resource – A Cause of Concern for Ludhiana Hosiery Industry
Authors: Singh Amanpreet
Published: March 2013

Ludhiana hosiery industry is largely dependent on migrated workers. On one hand, this migrated workforce is the lifeline of Ludhiana hosiery industry; on other hand the outdated skills of these workers have stagnated the growth of the industry. Hosiery industry started in Ludhiana in mid 20th century. Ludhiana was pioneer in production of hosiery products in India. In 1960s, the first hosiery unit was established in Tirupur. In the initial years, workers who had worked in Ludhiana hosiery units were in high demand and given higher wages in Tirupur. But today, the scene is entirely different. Tirupur represents Indian hosiery industry on International map and Ludhiana is limiting itself to woolen products, but in other hosiery products it is not competitive any more. India's 80% hosiery exports are from Tirupur only. When India came out of the quota regime, it was expected that Indian hosiery industry will get major boom, but it never happened. The exporters have different views on this issue. Some have view that China and Bangladesh are the major source of low cost hosiery products and in India production cost per unit is higher because of low productivity. Few exporters suggest that the Ludhiana being located away from sea port, it has high cost of exports. Few say that interest rates are high because of which Ludhiana hosiery industry is not competitive. But all agree on one point that if labor skills are improved, they can switchover from commodity articles to high value-added articles, which can bring better price realization and their international competitiveness can be improved. They all feel that the labor skills standards are far from skill standards of Chinese, Indonesian, Sri Lankan and Thai workers. In this paper, an attempt is made to understand and analyze the HR policies and attitude of manufacturers towards workers in Ludhiana hosiery industry.
Occupational Stress among IT/ITES Professionals in leading Metros in India: A Case Study
Authors: Bhatt Seema , Pathak Pramod
Published: March 2013

The rapid growth of IT/ITES industry as a whole is having a deep impact on the socio-economic dynamics of the country. The world has become a global village and new set of working conditions have emerged in India, which has put people under enormous demands, resulting in occupational stress. These professionals often work in environment which is changing very fast, have very little control over their environment, pace of working, or the kind of circumstances that they have to deal with. The high attrition rate in this sector, coupled with high absenteeism indicates that these professionals experience a lot of negative psychological consequence, which are a result of stress that they experience in their occupation. The objectives of the proposed research is to study the occupational stress among IT/ITES professionals and to findout whether there exists any significant differences in the nature and intensity of stress pattern among IT/ITES professionals with respect to gender and marital status.
Financial Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions: A New Model Approach
Authors: Rai Anand , Kanwal Anil , Sharma Meghna
Published: March 2013

Millions of people in developing countries have been given access to formal financial services through microfinance programmes. Nevertheless, millions of potential clients still remain unserved and the demand for financial services far exceeds the currently available supply. Given significant capital constraints, expansion of microfinance programs remains a formidable challenge facing the microfinance industry. Moreover, it is observed that microfinance organizations have had various degrees of sustainability. One such sustainability is the financial sustainability. Financial sustainability has been defined by various researchers differently. As such, there is no clear-cut definition of the word financial sustainability. The MIX Market and various other agencies like ACCION, Women's World Banking etc. define the term financial sustainability, but this term has not been defined lucidly. Therefore, this paper attempts to propose a more comprehensive and representative model for financial sustainability. This model of financial sustainability gives due weightage to some of the critical financial indicators like Portfolio at Risk, Loan loss, Borrowers per Credit Officers etc.
An Analysis of Buying Behavior of Rural and Urban Consumer in Sagar District with Reference to Utility Pattern of Mobile Phone
Authors: Mishra Anil
Published: March 2013

This study aims to establish whether the residential background of consumers has a varying influence on their buying decisions. A survey of 400 urban and rural respondents was carried out, of which 200 were rural and 200 urban. The data were analyzed by applying counts, percentages, means, and Z-test. It is found that there is no significant difference of price and style consciousness for purchase of mobile phone between rural and urban consumers but there is a significant difference of quality, functions and brand consciousness of consumers for purchase of mobile phone between rural and urban consumers. Study indicates that rural consumers are less quality, functions and brand conscious compared to urban consumers. The study indicates that rural consumer mostly use friends, TV. and mobile phone retailer as the source of information, the purchase decision is taken by self-decision with the help of family, friends and most of rural consumers are satisfied in Sagar District, Madhya Pradesh.
Development of Scale to Measure Supplier Selection, Supply Effort Management and Organizational Performance
Authors: Sezhiyan D. M. , Nambirajan T.
Published: March 2013

Many business organizations attempt several efforts to managing their supply chain. Such effort to manage the supply chain paves the way for effective and positive impact on various practices of supplier selection and that enhances the organizational performance. The foremost initiative of this research paper is to empirically probe the various aspects and variables that have been already addressed in the previous literatures related to supplier selection, supply effort management and organizational performance. Further, this research delves to develop a measurement framework and pragmatically prove the framework through the measurement model. Preliminarily a factor structure for various constructs is made and the initial validity is determined from practicing managers and academicians. This research employs survey method and the data is collected from 358 supply chain professionals in India from manufacturing organisation. A measurement model is developed and proved with various tests of reliability and validity. The paper provides various constructs related to supplier selection, supply effort management and business performance. Finally the scale or instrument was developed.
Portfolio Risk and Return Relationship — An Empirical Study
Authors: Jeyachitra A. , Selvam M. , Gayathri J.
Published: March 2013

The present study attempts to analyze the portfolio performance of Nifty stocks during the study period and to measure the total risk. For the purpose of analysis, the daily, weekly and monthly closing prices of NSE Nifty listed companies, for the period from April 2004 to 2009, have been identified. The study found that there was a high positive correlation between portfolio returns and risk. It also reveals that the portfolio unsystematic risk declined due to diversification. The study is useful to understand the impact of systematic and unsystematic risk through portfolio construction.
Predicting Repeat Purchase Behaviour: An Indian Experience
Authors: Mann Bikran Jit Singh , Rashmi
Published: March 2013

This study examines the repeat purchase behaviour of Indian consumers by analysing the role of brand specific-repeat purchase drivers and consumer demographics on repeat purchase probability. The findings of this study have a direct relevance for marketing managers in building a loyal customer base. The study has been conducted for the consumer-goods product category packed food products. A field survey of 275 actual users of brand was conducted in five major cities of province of Punjab in India. A total of 265 complete and usable questionnaires were received. Logit model was used to test the various hypotheses. The results reveal that among the brand specific-repeat purchase drivers value for money, brand trust and brand affect have positive and significant effect on probability of repeat purchase made by consumers. In case of consumer demographics age, income, education and occupation significantly affected the repeat purchase probability. Further guidelines for marketing managers for designing marketing strategies have been suggested.
Life Values and Perceived Occupational Stress among Cosmopolitan (Scientific) and Local (Administrative)-Oriented Scientists in R & D Organization
Authors: Subramanian S.
Published: March 2013

Researchers have shown great interest on studying the different career orientation (Cosmopolitan and Local) Pattern of professionals as they relate to different personal values and organizational conditions. Implicit in the notion that scientists having different career orientation tend to have a wide variations in their life-styles, personal values and interest and exhibit different types of research output. The present study examined the extent to which scientific-cosmopolitan oriented scientists differ from administrative-local oriented scientists with respect to personal life values and perceived occupational stress and to suggest avenues to build career based on their orientation. Data obtained from 329 scientists employed in the R & D division of the eight research and development organizations located in southern part of India were screened to obtain two criterion groups – (i) Cosmopolitan (Scientific) oriented scientists (N=48) and Local (Administrative) oriented scientists (N=45) by using a standardized scale. These two groups of scientists (cosmopolitan and local scientists) provided data on personal life values and perceived occupational stress. Comparison between these two criterion groups revealed that cosmopolitan scientists tend to have high levels of life values on achievement, creativity, independence, responsibility and scientific understanding and likely to have more scientific output than the local (administrative) oriented scientists. Similarly, cosmopolitan scientists tend to have lesser levels of role conflict, unreasonable group and political pressure, powerlessness and intrinsic impoverishment. The present findings have practical implications for nurturing their career orientation based on the life-values and perceived occupational stress levels in their work environment.
Customer Relationship Management in Personal Computer Manufacturing Industry in Malaysia: An Empirical Study of Five Major Global Players
Authors: Saeed M. , Vij Sanket , Men T. S.
Published: March 2013

The present study examines the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Personal Computer (PC) industry in Malaysia from divergent angles. The term CRM has been widely recognized as an important business approach to understand and influence customer behavior through meaningful communications in order to improve customer retention and loyalty. The study highlights the major customer satisfaction factors, which can be used in customer satisfaction enhancement. Five top personal computer companies i.e. Hewlett Packard (HP), Dell, Acer, Lenovo and Toshiba were included in the study and data was collected from 350 respondents. The results of the analysis would enable the PC companies to further recognize the customers' needs and preferences for better customer satisfaction which ultimately leads to customer loyalty and portability.
Gender Perspective on Conflict Resolution Styles of Aspiring Indian Managers
Authors: Shweta  , Jain Shilpa
Published: March 2013

It is assumed that gender plays a significant role in determining the conflict resolution style of an individual, although some studies dismiss such a notion. In this paper, the author has tried to explore the relationship between gender and conflict resolution styles among aspiring Indian managers. Indeed it is imperative to develop a gender perspective on conflict resolution styles considering the fast changing composition of Indian workforce, where women occupy important positions across levels and industries. Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument was administered on aspiring Indian managers (i. e. the full-time management students, for the purpose of the study) in order to find out the patterns of conflict resolution styles based on their genders. Further, descriptive statistics was used to find out the most preferred style of leadership by males and females. T-test was used to find out the significant difference amongst the two genders in the usage of various conflict resolution styles. The empirical results revealed that the aspiring Indian managers generally adopt accommodating style of conflict resolution, followed by avoiding style, irrespective of their gender. Moreover, there is a significant difference in the competing style of conflict resolution mode between the two genders. Males are more competing than females – a phenomenon that may be attributed to the socio-cultural milieu and Indian ethos.
An Evaluation of Client's Expectation from Their Ad-Agencies and Ad-Agencies Expectation from Their Client's
Authors: Arul P.G.
Published: March 2013

As competition increases, companies are demanding more services from their ad-agencies. Hence, ad-agency-client relationship is more prone to stress and strain than ever before. There is no single factor which cements a strong bond between the agencies and the clients. It's a multitude of them, which makes it difficult to pinpoint a particular aspect which could be responsible for making or breaking an agency-client relationship. A client does not approach an agency only because it produces creative stuff or it has media strength. The good relationship between ad-agency and clients mainly depends on the appropriate selection of an agency by the clients and correspondingly, on a high degree of accountability by the agency to the clients. Once such sustainability has been established through the selection process, initial adjustment, mutual respect and responsiveness the relationship will go on for many years without any disturbance. But, present scenario of relationship between these two not upto the expectation because different advertisers (clients) have different needs, but one factor that unites today's clients is that they all demand accountability for the money spent on advertisement by the ad-agency on creation and delivery of advertisement. This means a quantum change in the industry affecting the traditional agency-client relationship. Loyalty and tradition no longer derive choice of an agency. Instead, return on investment makes up the bottom line. Clients are constantly evaluating the work of their agency and its rival. This article critically examines the relationship binding and breaking factors between the ad-agency and their clients by taking into consideration of the following two parameters, viz. the clients' expectation from the agency and the level of satisfaction and the ad-agency's expectation from the clients.
Dynamic Delta Hedging
Authors: Sharma Satyendra Kumar , Vaish Arun Kumar , Pandey Rajan , Gupta Charu
Published: March 2013

Options are used by hedgers to reduce risk. A better way implemented by the companies these days is to use the delta value of options to create a portfolio having minimum risk. This portfolio has a delta value of zero. Due to the market changes the delta value changes and thus the portfolio needs to be balanced regularly. In this study, it was observed the delta value of six options of March expiry and six options of April expiry of Nifty which is traded over National Stock Exchange over the time period of 4th March to 15th April, 2010. With the help of delta values, a portfolio has been created using a call and put option of strike price Fifty One Hundred. The changes in the market over this period have been reflected in the delta values and accordingly the portfolio has been rebalanced on a per day basis. Along with this, various hypothesis regarding options have been tested. The different types of options have been analyzed and the most expensive and cheapest ones have been identified. The relation between time value of option and time of maturity has been verified. The volatility of options has been compared with market volatility and also with the strike price of respective option. These findings are explained theoretically and finally tested on the touchstone of historical data collected from the site of National Stock Exchange and values calculated with the help of standard formulae already available. The findings of the study are in consonance with the various theories about Options available. On the basis of the study conducted in furtherance of this project the author concludes that in the time period assumed, the delta neutral portfolio created was profitable for option expiring in April while was in loss for March expiry.
Global Competitiveness in the Steel Industry
Authors: Mukherjee Paroma Mitra , Roy Dilip
Published: March 2013

To examine the present status and future prospects of an industry one needs to examine the degree of competition, either globally or locally. Present work is an attempt to measure the extent of global competition in steel sector, a basic ingredient for developing economic infrastructure for a nation. Based on the global competition, time series analysis has been carried out to indicate the past trend and future direction. The position of India has also been indicated along with those of a few leading nations. In that context, importance of labour cost, availability of raw materials, cost of energy consumed etc. has been highlighted to gain competitive advantage.
Financial Development, Openness Relation and the Role of Financial Institutions: A Case of Pakistan
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Aamir Naveed , Shabir Muhammad Shahbaz
Published: March 2013

There is a lack of empirical research on the specific relationship between financial institutions, capital account liberalization and trade-openness; but there is no particular and comprehensive study on the theme in case of Pakistan. This study investigates the importance of financial institutions, net financial capital inflows and trade-openness for financial sector's development. Further, it also examines the hypothesis by Rajan and Zingales (2003). In doing so, three approaches i.e. Johansen test, DOLS and ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration have been applied for long-term relationship. The empirical results reveal that long-term relationship among variables is robust.

Coefficient of net capital inflows is having positive impact on financial development. Trade openness is the main contributor to financial sector's development. On the other hand, financial institutions and economic growth also improve the efficiency of financial markets in the country. The rise in inflation declines the performance of financial sector.
Emissions Trading and Carbon Credit Accounting For Sustainable Energy Development with Focus on India
Authors: Sarkar A. N. , Dash Satyanarayana
Published: March 2013

Global climate change is inextricably linked with the enhanced build-up of greenhouse gases. Emissions-trading in the form of carbon credits or CERs is opening up a new vista of trade opportunities with prospect for gradual reduction of emissions, particularly by the developed nations under Annexure-I categories. Various national and international programmes undertaken by the government and voluntarily by the non-governmental agencies have positively impacted on progressive reduction of emissions in many parts of the world. The paper highlights the emerging issues linked to the modalities of emission-trading, together with scope for developing sound accounting procedures for trading carbon credits. The paper discusses the opportunities for developing a sound marketing system of carbon credits with built-in efficiency in transactions, accountability and transparency in reporting systems with focus on India. Paper also underlines the need to comply with the Global Accounting Standards, Tax Planning, access to Multi-commodity Exchange Market, certification, verification and enforcement procedures for proper execution of emission-trading initiatives, aimed at achieving carbon neutrality. The aspects of Carbon management with focus on carbon neutrality, sustainable energy development and implicit energy security, are also highlighted.
Marketing Strategies of Commercial Banks — A Study on SBI and ING Vysya Bank in Kadapa Corporation
Authors: Saritha P.
Published: March 2013

Marketing is a total system of business activities designed to plan, price, promote and distribute wanted and satisfying products to target markets to achieve organisational objectives. Marketing strategies of banking sector revealed that banks can base their marketing strategies on various parameters which are broadly in terms of 7Ps of marketing viz., Product, Place, Price, Promotion, People, Physical Evidence and Processes. Marketing strategy is the firm's product-market choice which is guided by the environmental necessities and firm's objectives and capabilities. The present paper focuses on the ‘Marketing Strategies’ of SBI and INGV Bank for their financial services in Kadapa Corporation, A.P. India. Product related strategies include ‘Interest based, Fee based and Technology based activities’. ‘Interest based activities strategy’ includes mobilisation of deposits and advancing loans to the customers. Location strategy, parking place strategy and sitting facility strategy are ingredients of ‘Place related strategies’. Promotion related strategies comprise of ‘Marketing division strategy, Advertising media strategy, Social activities strategy and Branding strategy’. Price related strategies comprise ‘Strategic pricing strategy, Pricing approach strategy and Price privileges strategy’. ‘People related strategies’ have a huge workforce manning the extensive network in the country. This massive manpower results in structural and managerial impediments and refutes the popular belief of the public sector banks is that the ‘larger the number of employees better serve the customers’. People related strategies are pertaining to well versed with computers and training programmes to employees. The physical evidence refers to physical environment, facilities, the branch decors, excellent furnishings, spacious layouts and atmosphere. ‘Processes’ refer to the actual procedures, mechanisms, and flow of activities by which the service is rendered. ‘Processes related strategies’ are classified into ‘Market processes, Customer processes and Operational processes’.
New Insights into the Impact of Futures and Options Trading on the Underlying Spot Market Volatility in India
Authors: Saravanan G. , Gayathri Devi R. , Deo Malabika
Published: March 2013

Indian capital market saw the launching of index futures and options on NSE on June 12, 2000 and June 4, 2001 respectively. This launching of futures and options in Indian stock markets was perceived to increase volatility in the stock market by some researchers, while other researchers anticipated decline in volatility. So far, studies have examined volatility implication in macro-level, that is, they measured volatility reduction by comparing volatility of pre and post derivatives period, using various models. This paper tries to study in micro-level, how as to the volatility implications are there across the days of the week in post futures and options period in Indian stock market by isolating volatility related to market-wide factors as well as international-wide factors. This paper also examines the nature of the volatility after the introduction of futures and options contracts. The study has been undertaken with a comprehensive daily data set of S&P CNX Nifty, Nifty Junior and S&P 500 index from October 4, 1995 to May 31, 2007, and to measure the volatility GARCH (1, 1) model has been used. The results of the study show that the presences of derivatives markets on S&P CNX Nifty have declined the volatility marginally and volatility implication in days of the week as a consequence of derivatives introduction revealed the presence of speculative activities in spot as well as derivatives market. And, further results show that options market reduce volatility and stabilize underlying spot market marginally more than futures market.
Indian Hosiery Industry: Away From the Impact of Exchange Rate Change
Authors: Singh Amanpreet
Published: March 2013

Till May 2002, non-exporting garmenting sector was reserved for SSI, while for garment exporting units there was no such restriction. India and China came out of quota on Jan 1st 2005. After quota elimination, there was huge opportunity for Indian garmenting sector to explore the world markets (Jatinder Bedi, 2009). But the performance of Chinese apparel industry was far better than Indian apparel industry. In few of the hosiery products, the volume increased by 2000% and more and more orders were flowing to China. U.S and EU textile industry started facing crisis. After a series of negotiations; quota was re-imposed on China for another four years till 31st December 2008 (Dong Shen, 2008). China has pegged exchange rate system while India has managed float rate system. Exchange rate plays an important role export performance of a country. India has experienced significant fluctuation in last few years. Indian hosiery sector has grown over the period but the growth is not consistent as it was expected. There could be various reasons associated to this. Indian infrastructure, technology level and capacities are primary reasons. Exchange rate risk is another major risk which is not controllable and exporters are not taking any risk coverage to protect their receipts. In this paper, an attempt has been made to achieve the following objectives:(i) To analyze the growth and performance of Indian hosiery sector. (ii)To analyze the effect of exchange rate on export performance of hosiery industry. (iii)To predict the growth of hosiery sector in next four years.

Research methodology used is the data collection from various authenticated sources and analyzing it with the help of appropriate statistical tools. Time period of study is April 2001 to March 2009.
Modelling Factors Influencing Employer for Adoption of Internet Recruiting: Typology and Determining Factors
Authors: Sharma Vinky
Published: March 2013

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a conceptual model on factors that influence employer for adoption of internet recruiting and also to describe a typology and determining factors. Understanding influential issues for adoption is imperative in measuring the dynamics of internet recruiting and their probable success or failure. The paper proposes a typology of factors in adoption of internet recruiting. In addition, it also explains the general outline for examining employer responses, by presenting the relationship between the factors contributing to the phases of adoption which can lead to a specific action. In conclusion, the paper discusses directions for future research regarding Internet recruiting issues and its adoption thereof.
A Study on Perception of Trainers regarding Effectiveness of Training Programmes in Banking Sector
Authors: Narang Ritu , Mahmood Athar
Published: March 2013

In the context of training in banking sector, the present study attempts to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure the trainer's perceptions towards training programmes conducted in the banking sector. The data collected from a sample of 125 trainers, on analysis, results in a 13-item scale with Cronbach's alpha value 0.86 and the reliability of subscales ranging from 0.86 to 0.64. The validated instrument, based on construct validity, comprises of five dimensions: behavioural aspect, interpersonal aspect, desired outcomes, daily jobs and related issues, and knowledge. Regression analysis shows the relative significance of various dimensions with behaviour aspect having the maximum significance. Finally, the paper discusses the applicability of the scale.
Mediator Role of Customer Satisfaction in Between After-Sales Service Quality and Behavioural Intention: The Case of Electronic Appliances
Authors: Vanniarajan T.
Published: March 2013

The intent of this paper is to investigate the effect of after-sales service quality on customer's satisfaction as well as their behavioural intentions. The research was conducted among the consumers of electronic appliances in Madurai city, Tamilnadu. In total, 319 usage responses were utilized. The study confirms that the after-sales service quality influences the customer satisfaction, which in turn influence the behavioural intentions. The mediatory role of customer satisfaction is inevitable in between after-sales service quality and behavioural intention in electronic goods market. Hence, the study is intended to lay stress on the strategic role of after-sales service on the value-adding process of the total offering. The findings of the study reveals that the delivery and installation service quality are the improved antecedents of overall satisfaction. Both of these two service quality attributes have a significant and positive influence on the repurchase intention and positive word-of-mouth impact among the customers. The mediator role of overall satisfaction between the two service quality and the outcomes are higher than the direct impact of antecedents of overall satisfaction on the outcome of overall satisfaction in the case of Electronic appliances.
Socio — Economic Status and Job Satisfaction of Women Employees in Textile Mills
Authors: Sabarinathan K. , Ganapathi R.
Published: March 2013

Today, many avenues of employment are available to women due to numerous technological developments. More awareness and consciousness are found among women and they compete in almost all the fields with men in India. Textile industry is one that attracts large number of women, offering them employment in various departments. A number of textile mills have been established throughout India. Dindigul district is one such district where many textile units are existing. To state specifically, most of the women members in the families are engaged in any one of the works related to textile industries in the district. But the working condition and the salary status of the women employees are yet to be probed in. Therefore, the researchers have made an attempt to analyze the socio-economic conditions and the job satisfaction level of the women employees in the textile mills.
Validation of E-Commerce Portal Service Quality Scale in E-Government Portal
Authors: Bhattacharya Debjani , Gulla Umesh , Gupta M.P.
Published: March 2013

Research on digital government focus mainly was hitherto on strategic implementation of government services, without an accountability of service quality expected by the users. Good service quality helps in return users and thus can enhance the usage of e-government services. Very few studies which have been done on e-government service quality. Researchers generally adopt multidimensional scale proposed for e-commerce to measure the e-service quality of government projects. But are the two comparable? An empirical research based on conceptual model in this paper highlights to what extent an e-commerce model can be implemented to evaluate the service quality of government digital services offered over the internet. The findings have been explained, which can serve as a valuable input for researchers and practitioners to understand user perceived service quality for e-government portals. The study was based on an Indian Government portal and might be a limitation for taking a holistic approach to address the issues existing in government portals of different countries.
Customer Perception of Banking Services — A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Branches
Authors: Singh Fulbag , Kaur Davinder
Published: March 2013

Banking services are regarded as one of the important services. Banks provide financial services to the customers. Due to the rising competition and liberalization the banking industry has become the buyer's market. Banks need to create and develop the services which can satisfy the consumer needs. Customer satisfaction is a very important construct in today's market and it is directly influenced by service quality as per earlier studies. Therefore, the present research work has been carried out to analyze the customer perception of service quality in rural and urban bank branches and its impact on customer satisfaction. The study identifies six service quality factors which influence customer satisfaction regarding banking services and it is revealed by the analysis that satisfaction level of rural customers is higher as compared to urban customers.