bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phantom Safety Assessment of 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Directional and Sensing Deep Brain Stimulation Devices
Authors: Ludovichetti Riccardo , Chow Clement T. , Kashyap Sriranga , Connell Ian , Yang Benson , Graham Simon J. , Elias Gavin , Santyr Brendan , Naheed Asma , Martinez Diego , Colditz Michael , Germann Jürgen , Vetkas Artur , Uludağ Kâmil , Lozano Andres M. , Boutet Alexandre
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is both a crucial clinical and research tool for patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices. However, safety concerns predominantly related to device heating have limited such imaging. Rigorous safety testing has demonstrated that scanning outside of vendor guidelines may be both safe and feasible, unlocking unique opportunities for advanced imaging in this patient population. Currently, however, 3T MRI safety data including advanced MRI sequences in novel directional and sensing DBS devices is lacking. Methods: An anthropomorphic phantom replicating bilateral DBS system was used to assess the temperature rise at the electrode tips, implantable pulse generator, and cranial loop during acquisition of routine clinical sequences (three dimensional [3D] T1, GRE T2*, T2 FSE) and advanced imaging sequences including functional MRI (fMRI), arterial spin labelling (ASL), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Measures of radiofrequency exposure (specific absorption rate [SAR] and root-mean square value of the MRI effective component of the radiofrequency transmission field [B1+rms]) were also recorded as an indirect measure of heating. Testing involved both a new directional and sensing DBS device (Medtronic: B30015 leads and Percept PC neurostimulator) and a previous-generation DBS device (Medtronic: 3,387 leads and Percept PC neurostimulator) in combination with a state-of-the-art (Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma) and a previous-generation (GE Signa HDxt) 3T MRI scanner. Results: On the state-of-the-art 3T MRI scanner, the new DBS device produced safe temperature rises with clinically used sequences and fMRI but not with other advanced sequences such as DWI and ASL, which also exceeded B1+rms vendor guidelines (i.e., ≤2 μT). When scanned on the previous MRI scanner, the recent DBS device produced overall lower and slower temperature rises compared to the previous DBS model. Among the sequences performed on this scanner, several (3D T1, DWI, T2 FSE, and ASL) exceeded the approved SAR vendor limit (<1 W/kg), but only ASL resulted in an unacceptable temperature rise during scanning of the previous DBS model. Conclusion: These phantom safety data show that both clinically used MRI sequences and research sequences such as fMRI can be successfully acquired on 3T MRI scanners with a novel directional and sensing DBS model. As several of these sequences were obtained outside regulatory-approved vendor guidelines, preemptive safety testing should be done. As directional leads become increasingly common, improving MRI safety knowledge is crucial to expand clinical and research possibilities.
Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation under General Anaesthesia for Parkinson’s Disease: Institutional Experience and Outcomes
Authors: Roldán Pedro , Mosteiro Alejandra , Rumià Arboix Jordi , Asín Daniel , Sánchez-Gómez Almudena , Valldeoriola Francesc , García-Orellana Marta , de Riva Nicolás , Valero Ricard
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Direct targeting in deep brain stimulation (DBS) has remarkably impacted the patient’s experience throughout the surgery and the overall logistics of the procedure. When the individualised plan is co-registered with a 3D image acquired intraoperatively, the electrodes can be safely placed under general anaesthesia. How this applies to a general practice scenery (outside clinical trials and in a moderate caseload centre) has been scarcely reported.
Methods: Prospective single-centre study of patients treated with asleep subthalamic DBS for Parkinson’s disease between January 2021 and December 2022. Clinical, motor, medication-dependence and quality-of-life outcomes were evaluated after optimal programming (6 months). Wilcoxon test was used to compare pre– versus post–repeated measures. Surgical-related parameters were also analysed.
Results: 89 patients primarily operated for DBS were included in the study. Intraoperative electrode replacement was not necessary. Mean surgical duration was 217 (SD 44) minutes, including the implantation of the generator; and mean length of stay was 3 (SD 1) days. There was one surgical-related complication (delayed infection). Significant and clinically relevant improvement was seen in UPRS III (mean decrease 62%) (p<0.001) and PDQ-8 (50% increase) (p<0.001) after 6 months. Daily doses of medication were decreased by a mean of 68%, p<0.001).
Conclusion: DBS can be safely performed under general anaesthesia in a pragmatic clinical environment, provided a multidisciplinary committee for patient selection and a dedicated surgical and anaesthetic team are available. The effectiveness in ameliorating motor symptoms, the ability to reduce the drug load, and the improvement in quality of life demonstrated in clinical trials could be reproduced under more generalised conditions as in our centre. The need for a team learning curve and the progressive evolution in, and adaptation to, trajectory planning software, anaesthetic management, intraoperative imaging, DBS device upgrades and programming schemes should be contemplated in the transition process to direct targeting.
HER2(-low)-Expression on Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and corresponding Metastatic Tissue in Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC)
Authors: Tretschock Lara M. , Clemente Hannah , Smetanay Katharina , Fremd Carlo , Thewes Verena , Haßdenteufel Kathrin , Scholz Anna S. , Pantel Klaus , Riethdorf Sabine , Trumpp Andreas , Schneeweiss Andreas , Michel Laura , Deutsch Thomas M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Significant progress has been made in the targeted therapy of metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in recent years. In this context, new biomarkers enable personalized therapy management and individualized therapy monitoring. Therefore, the systemic treatment is based increasingly on the biological characteristics of the tumor disease. Given the challenges of obtaining fresh tumor tissue through biopsies, the significance of liquid biopsies for assessing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is of growing importance for the detection of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Multiple studies have shown that the number of CTCs decreases under therapy, especially under anti-HER2-targeted therapy, and that the expression of the HER2 status on CTCs could play a role in predicting therapy response and therapeutic monitoring. The aim of this study was to analyze the HER2 status of CTCs in mBC patients before and after 3 months of systemic therapy to evaluate changes in the number of HER2 positive CTCs. The study focuses on HER2-low, which plays an increasingly important role in clinical practice due to new developments of HER2 targeting antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). In this context, temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the disease represent a major diagnostic challenge.
Methods:
A total of 324 patients with complete immunohistochemistry (IHC) of biopsied metastases were divided into five groups: HER2 negative (-)/hormone receptor (HR) negative (-), HER2 -/HR positive (+), HER2 +/HR +/-, HER2-low/ HR + and HER2-low/ HR -. Before and after 3 months of a new therapeutic line for mBC, CTCs were enumerated and analyzed for HER2 expression using the Cell-Search® system. Overall survival of all subgroups was calculated.
Results:
The analyses revealed a discrepancy between the HER2 status of CTCs and corresponding tumor tissues in 98 patients (30.2%). The number of CTCs in general and the number of HER2 + CTCs decreased during systemic treatment, mainly in HER2 + tumors, but also in the other subgroups.
Conclusions:
Discrepancy in the HER2 status of the metastases and of CTCs was observed in approximately one third of patients. Measuring HER2 on CTCs could potentially offer a means to longitudinally monitor HER2 status during therapy and simultaneously address challenges such as tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, the predictive value of HER2 on CTCs should be further investigated in clinical trials.
Courts and judicial transformation in modern China
Authors: Han Tao , Chen Li
Published: November 2024

The Daliyuan and the local courts in the late Qing dynasty served as the loci of judicial power in the early days of modern China. Following the doctrine of separation of powers, these judicial organs emerged during the preparation for constitutionalism and the quest for judicial independence in the late Qing dynasty. The government brushed aside the standard design of the government office, drawing inspiration from the designs of the highest courts in constitutional states in the East and West. Despite the financial constraints, significant funding was allocated to the construction of the Daliyuan premises. The grand and majestic Western-style structure was designed for high purposes. In addition to its customary functions, it was also entrusted with a political mission – impressing the world writ large with the successes of judicial reform and the image of China’s new-fangled judiciary. Due to a lack of funding, the local courts had downsized architecture, yet they still incorporated Western styles, mirroring the design of the Daliyuan. The transformed style of these courts offers insight into the prevailing philosophy of the reform and the new regime. It also illuminates the tension and fusion of legal culture that contributed to the modernization of the Chinese legal system.
Deciphering the role of probiotics in mental health: a systematic literature review of psychobiotics
Authors: Hussain A. , Koser N. , Aun S.M. , Siddiqui M.F. , Malik S. , Ali S.A.
Published: November 2024

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. The selection criteria for probiotics include strain safety, viability, tolerance, metabolite production and/or the ability to modulate the immune system. Probiotics are commonly used in industries, such as food, agriculture, medicine, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and aquaculture. Recently, the medicinal applications of probiotics have gained attention and are being explored for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. One emerging area of interest is their potential role in psychological disorders. Mental illnesses, characterised by disturbances in behaviour, mood, thinking, and emotions, affect over one billion people globally. While various preventive and treatment options for mental disorders exists, each is associated with certain limitations. A new avenue being explored is the gut-brain axis, a complex bi-directional communication between the gut and the brain, that is facilitated by hormonal, neuronal, humoral, and immunological pathways. This system plays an important role in mental health. Probiotics, as a key modulator of the gut microbiome, could play a vital role in this communication. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Probiotics may act through the production of metabolites and neuroactive substances, as well as through immunomodulation and cytokine production. Current data shows promising effects on stress, mood, and depression, presenting probiotics as a potential natural treatment option for psychological disorders. Nevertheless, major limitations in the existing research include insufficient clinical outcomes, limited sample sizes, and variable dosing. Future advancements may be achieved through stratifications based on gut microbiota, the use of next-generation probiotic strains, and the conduct of comprehensive validation studies.
From Social Solidarity to Individual Effort: The Disintegration of Social Solidarity After the Earthquakes of 6 February 2023
Authors: Yeniçırak Hasan , Durmaz Yurt Betül
Published: November 2024

This study explores changes in social solidarity after the 6 February 2023, earthquakes in Turkey, focusing on the most affected Turkish province, Hatay. Through semi-structured interviews with 30 earthquake survivors (19 women, 11 men) residing in a temporary container city, the research found that strong social solidarity networks initially accelerated victims’ psychosocial and economic recovery. However, over time, these networks weakened, and individual efforts replaced collective action, slowing the recovery process. Contributing factors included reduced media coverage, growing public insensitivity, and systemic issues like aid distribution and reserve area policies, all of which hindered long-term solidarity.
That's So Cringeworthy! Understanding What Cringe Is and Why We Want to Share It
Authors: Escoe Brianna , Martin Nathanael S. , Salerno Anthony
Published: November 2024

What does it mean for something to be cringeworthy? To date, research studying this phenomenon has been lacking. Across six studies, this research seeks to provide a better understanding of cringe, both in terms of what it is as an emotion and what it does via its downstream consequences on consumer behavior. The authors delineate conceptually and empirically how cringe is a unique form of vicarious embarrassment (i.e., embarrassment experienced in response to someone else). Specifically, they show that cringe occurs when one observes an actor—an individual, group of people, or even a brand—commit a social transgression by making an awkward attempt to form a positive impression on others in a way that is not excusable from the observer's perspective. The authors also demonstrate a novel effect of cringe: consumers respond to cringeworthy experiences by wanting to share them with others via word of mouth. This effect occurs because the act of sharing cringeworthy experiences gives consumers an opportunity for self-enhancement by engaging in a favorable downward social comparison to the actor committing the social transgression that elicited cringe. Theoretical contributions, managerial implications, and future research directions pertaining to emotion and word-of-mouth behavior are discussed.
How Political Overconfidence Fuels Affective Polarization in Cross-cutting Discussions
Authors: Lin Han , Kim Yonghwan
Published: November 2024

The Dunning-Kruger effect describes how poor performers overestimate their abilities while top performers underestimate their abilities. This study explores whether this effect explains the ineffectiveness of cross-cutting discussions in reducing affective polarization. We propose a moderated mediation model in which the relationship between cross-cutting discussion (wave 1) and affective polarization (wave 2) is mediated by oppositional responses to disagreements, and this indirect relationship, specifically between cross-cutting discussion and opposition responses, is moderated by political overconfidence. Analyzing panel data from a two-wave online survey, the results suggest that the Dunning-Kruger effect is widespread in political knowledge and influences social media users’ behaviors and attitudes. Specifically, for example, those who are more overconfident engage in cross-cutting discussions, have more oppositional responses (e.g., posting criticisms or clicking “dislike”), and thus become more affectively polarized. This suggests that correcting the public’s perceived bias about their level of political knowledge may help reduce affective polarization.
FIR digital filter redesign via sampled-data H∞ discretization in low-frequency domain
Authors: Wang Shuaiying , Li Peng
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter is redesigned to approximate a delayed analog one via sampled-data [Formula: see text] discretization in low-frequency domain. First, based on a continuous-time lifting technique, an infinite-dimensional error system is obtained by comparing the delayed analog filter with the FIR digital filter accompanied by an ideal sampler in front and a zero-order holder behind. Then, a finite-dimensional error system, which is satisfied with an equivalent [Formula: see text] norm with infinite dimensional in low-frequency domain, is acquired by a fast sampling/holding approximation and a discrete-time lifting technique. Furthermore, the FIR digital filter is attained with stability and [Formula: see text] performance for the finite-dimensional error system in low-frequency domain. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the validity and superiority of the FIR digital filter redesign.
‘We Don’t Let It Build Up’: Relationship Satisfaction and Well-Being Among Equal-Sharing, Role-Reversed and Semi-Traditional Parents
Authors: Pinho Mariana , Gaunt Ruth , Jordan Ana , Tarrant Anna , Chanamuto Nicola , Wezyk Agata
Published: November 2024

This mixed-methods study examined couples’ relationship quality, satisfaction and well-being by comparing semi-traditional, equal-sharing and role-reversed couples. Quantitative analysis involved 2813 parents (1380 men, 1433 women) with at least one child aged 11 or under who were primary caregivers, primary breadwinners or equal-sharers. Qualitative analysis drew on 60 in-depth interviews with 10 couples from each of the groups. Semi-traditional couples reported lower relationship quality and positive affect compared to other arrangements. Equal-sharers and role-reversed couples were more likely to discuss their frustrations and make conscious attempts to resolve them. Women in semi-traditional arrangements had lower levels of relationship quality and life satisfaction than women in equal-sharing and role-reversed arrangements. They were also more likely to report disagreements and frustrations. Caregiving parents also expressed lower levels of self-esteem compared to parents in breadwinning and equal-sharing roles. Our findings highlight how different breadwinning and caring responsibilities can impact parents’ well-being and relationship.
Recommendations for instructing blind students in undergraduate physical education teacher education programs: Findings from a program evaluation
Authors: Haegele Justin A , Arroyo Rojas Fabián , Ball Lindsay E
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to share the evaluation process, and outcomes of that process, that resulted from an invitation from our colleagues at a South American university who requested support for a blind student who was enrolled in their program. To understand the experiences of the student as well as program faculty and to effectively construct recommendations for their program, we engaged in an evaluation process which included semi-structured focus group interviews with faculty members and one-to-one interviews with the blind student. After the completion of the interviews, transcribed interview data were analyzed, along with researcher notes, to explore common themes depicting faculty and student experiences. Recommendations were then constructed based both on the faculty and student experiences and on the pedagogical expertise and lived experiences of the research team members. The 23 recommendations, which are shared in this article, include considerations to be made throughout the academic year, as well as during and around coursework.
The Holy Horizon: The Early 18th Dynasty Royal Necropolis at Deir el-Bahari
Authors: Niwiński Andrzej
Published: November 2024

In 2019 the Polish Cliff Mission cleaning the slopes above the temple of Thutmose III at Deir el-Bahari discovered a foundation deposit of Thutmose II perhaps related to an unfinished rock tomb of an inverted T-shape, or to a simple rock sanctuary nearby. Further works in front of this have revealed a huge man-made accumulation of stones and debris topped with a platform. The excavated place is axially connected with the cult chapel devoted to Thutmose I and II within the temple precinct of Thutmose III. The existence of the tomb of Thutmose II nearby seemed not to be excluded, and indeed a tomb was planned there, with an (only begun) entrance situated just behind this chapel. Other hints suggest that the tomb of Amenhotep I may have also been located in the area of this temple called ‘Holy Horizon’. A common cult place of Amenhotep I and Thutmose III is attested there, too.

[Formula: see text]
Quantitative elemental sensitive imaging based on K-edge subtraction tomography
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Tao Fen , Gao Ruoyang , Zhang Ling , Wang Jun , Du Guohao , Xiao Tiqiao , Deng Biao
Published: November 2024

Background

K-edge subtraction (KES) tomography has been extensively utilized in the field of elemental sensitive imaging due to its high spatial resolution, rapid acquisition, and three-dimensional (3D) imaging capabilities. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the qualitative analysis of element contents, rather than quantitative assessment.

Objective

The current study proposes a novel method for quantitative elemental analysis based on K-edge subtraction tomography.

Methods

The linear correlation between the slice grayscale of standard samples and the difference in their linear absorption coefficients is confirmed. This finding suggests that the grayscale data from slices may be employed to perform quantitative estimations of elemental compositions.

Results

In order to verify the accuracy and validity of this method, the target element contents in standard and actual samples are quantitatively analyzed, respectively. The results demonstrate that the method is capable of achieving nanometer-resolved quantitative elemental sensitive imaging with a relative error of less than 3% in the target elemental content.

Conclusions

The method described in this paper is expected to expand the scope of applications for K-edge subtraction tomography and provide a novel approach to achieve more precise and convenient quantitative elemental analysis.
Multi-condition combined topology optimization design of electric truck aluminum alloy frame based on subjective and objective interactive weights
Authors: Zhang Zifeng , Wang Dengfeng , Chen Hongli , Zhang Shang , Chen Jing
Published: November 2024

Traditional electric truck frames often utilize channel or round tube beams with uniform thickness, which restricts the in-depth exploration of the frame’s overall mechanical performance and lightweight potential. To address this challenge, real-world multi-scenario driving conditions were considered, and a refined Multi-condition Combined Topology Optimization (MCCTO) method was developed by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method. This approach incorporates both subjective and objective weights. First, an MCCTO method was developed to identify the optimal arrangement and specific cross-sectional shapes of the aluminum alloy frame’s cross beams. Subsequently, the preliminary aluminum alloy frame was designed based on the principles of equal stiffness and equal strength. Finally, the optimal mechanical performance of the frame was achieved through size optimization. The results show that the designed aluminum alloy frame not only surpasses the benchmark frame in mechanical performance but also achieves a 36% improvement in lightweighting. This study addresses the limitations of traditional single-condition topology optimization methods. The proposed approach not only optimizes the layout of cross beams but also refines the sectional shapes of both longitudinal and cross beams, ensuring optimal mechanical performance of the truck frame under real-world driving conditions. As a result, this method significantly improves material efficiency and greatly enhances the lightweight potential of the frame.
Examination of antinuclear antibody staining patterns and titers in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sener Seher , Batu Ezgi Deniz , Unal Dilara , Basaran Ozge , Saribas Zeynep , Bilginer Yelda , Sener Burcin , Ozen Seza
Published: November 2024

Objective

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) staining patterns can provide useful information in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In our study, we examined the frequency of ANA staining patterns in disease-related features in childhood-onset SLE patients.

Methods

ANA and its staining patterns were assessed in childhood-onset SLE patients.

Results

Two hundred twenty-three patients were included (F/M = 3/1). Their median age at diagnosis was 14.3 (11.9-16.1) years. The anti-cell (AC)-4/5 (fine or large speckled) pattern was the most common nuclear ANA pattern (75.8%), while the AC-19 (dense fine speckled) pattern was the most frequently detected cytoplasmic ANA pattern (13.1%). The AC-4/5 (fine or large speckled) patterns were notably seen in fever, acute and chronic cutaneous lupus, arthritis, serositis, hematologic involvement, renal involvement, neuropsychiatric involvement, gastrointestinal involvement, and cardiopulmonary involvement (all p < .001). Conversely, the AC-1 (homogeneous) pattern was significantly detected in oral/nasal ulcers and non-scarring alopecia (both p < .001). Regarding the laboratory features, the AC-4/5 (fine or large speckled) patterns exhibited a predominant seen in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated ESR and CRP, hypocomplementemia, direct Coombs, anti-Smith (Sm), anti-SSA and SS-B, anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP), anti-histone, anti-ribosomal P, lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin immunoglobulin (Ig)M/IgG, and anti-β2-glycoprotein IgM/IgG positivities (all p < .001). In contrast, the AC-1 (homogeneous) pattern was detected in anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA and anti-histone positivity (both p < .001).

Conclusion

Our study showed that AC-4/5 and AC-1 patterns of ANA are frequently detected in many clinical and serological features of childhood-onset SLE patients. However, further studies are needed in larger populations to verify these results.
Liquiritin Promotes Vasodilation Effects by Activating the Kv and KATP Channels in the Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Ma MengXue , Che YouLan , Yang Xin , Wang Zhi , Bai Ya Wen , Yu Yang , Xu QingBin , Zhou Ru
Published: November 2024

Background

Liquiritin, a flavonoid present in the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Glycyrrhizae, reduces myocardial damage and improves cardiac function. However, it remains unclear what effect it has on the thoracic aortic rings.

Purpose

Use of rat thoracic aortic rings to study the vasodilatory effects of liquiritin and its associated mechanisms.

Methods

The arterial tension of rat thoracic aortic rings was measured in vitro using the perfusion method. Precontraction of the thoracic aortic rings with phenylephrine (PE) 1 µM and changes in vascular ring tension were observed and recorded after cumulative administration of liquiritin (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 µM). The effects of liquiritin on the tension of thoracic aortic rings with intact or denuded endothelial that were precontracted with PE or potassium chloride were determined, as well as how NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), indomethacin (INDO), tetraethylammonium (TEA), barium chloride (BaCl2), and glibenclamide (Gli) affected the vasodilatory function of liquiritin.

Results

Liquiritin exerts a diastolic effect on PE-induced contraction of the thoracic aortic ring, and this effect is independent of the integrity of the vascular endothelium. L-NAME and INDO pretreatment also did not influence the vasodilatory function of liquiritin, illustrating that it might not be endothelium-dependent. Furthermore, pretreatment with TEA, a Ca2+-activated K+ channel inhibitor, and BaCl2, an inwardly rectifying K+ channel inhibitor, did not affect the vasodilatory effects of liquiritin. Nevertheless, pretreatment with the voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channel inhibitor, 4-AP, and the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel inhibitor, Gli, significantly reduced the vasodilatory effect of liquiritin, indicating that the vasodilatory effects of liquiritin may have a bearing on the activation of Kv and KATP channels.

Conclusion

Overall, we confirmed for the first time that liquiritin has vasodilatory effects that are endothelium-independent, and the mechanism of its vasodilatory effect may include activation of Kv and KATP channels.
Investigation of Tribulus terrestris Fruits Extract and Isolated Compound against Metyrapone-induced Adrenal Insufficiency in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ganesh Vakkalagadda Siva , Goudanavar Prakash , Naveen N Raghavendra , Basavarajappa Girish Meravanige , Asif Afzal Haq , Shiroorkar Predeepkumar Narayanappa , D R Bharathi , Nagaraja Sreeharsha
Published: November 2024

Background

Metyrapone inhibits 11 β-hydroxylase, contributing to adrenal insufficiency (AI). This study aims to explore the efficacy of Tribulus terrestris fruit extract (TTFE) and an isolated compound (hecogenin) on metyrapone-induced AI.

Purpose

Adrenal glands manage processes such as metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response by generating hormones from their two main components, the cortex and medulla. The adrenal cortex generates glucocorticoids (GC) and mineralocorticoids, while the medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline. Reduced production of GC, mineralocorticoids, and adrenal androgens as a result of the adrenal gland’s destruction or lack of stimulation is the hallmark of AI. Primary, secondary, and tertiary forms of AI are prevalent conditions with various etiologies. If left untreated, they lead to an adrenal crisis. Synthetic GC (prednisolone and hydrocortisone) and mineralocorticoids (fludrocortisone) are the only drugs that help treat AI.

Methods

The Wistar rats were selected for the study and treated with T. terrestris extract and an isolated compound (hecogenin) in the presence of metyrapone. Behavioral and hormonal assessments were performed. Corticosterone, aldosterone, sodium, and potassium were measured.

Results

The findings showed that exposure to metyrapone showed a drastic reduction of cortisol, aldosterone, and locomotor scores. Additionally, metyrapone decreased locomotor score and serum cortisol. However, treatment with Tribulus extract and hecogenin showed a significant rise in the levels of aldosterone, corticosterone, sodium, and potassium.

Conclusion

400 and 800 mg/kg of TTFE and hecogenin 50 mg/kg showed significant increases in the levels of corticosterone, aldosterone, sodium, and potassium levels in Wistar rats.
The Impact of Self-esteem on Depression in Medical College Students
Authors: Kinariwala Aashka , Saija Nidhi , Malhotra Supriya
Published: November 2024

Background:

Self-esteem reflects one’s sense of self-worth, while depression is a serious mental health condition that transcends regular mood fluctuations, affecting all life aspects, including relationships and performance in school and work. The present study aims to elucidate the relationship between self-esteem and depression among medical college students.

Materials and Methods:

A sample of 101 students, comprising 50 males and 51 females aged 18–22 years, was randomly selected from various medical colleges. Data collection was facilitated through Google Forms, employing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and the Beck Depression Inventory to assess self-esteem and depression levels, respectively. The analysis involved t-tests to evaluate gender differences in self-esteem and depression, and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to explore the relationship between these variables. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25 software.

Results:

The study found a moderate negative correlation between self-esteem and depression (r = –0.685). No significant gender differences were observed in mean self-esteem scores (males: 19.96, females: 19.75) or mean depression scores (males: 8.24, females: 9.47).

Conclusion:

The findings suggest a moderate negative correlation between self-esteem and depression among medical college students, indicating that higher self-esteem is associated with lower levels of depression. There were no significant differences in self-esteem and depression between male and female students. These insights highlight the importance of addressing self-esteem in efforts to mitigate depression in this population.
Making the Learn Evaluation Assessment Portal: Developing a reciprocal tool for learning and research
Authors: Wildschut Lauren , Gullickson Amy M , Mason Sarah
Published: November 2024

Evaluation is a practice with increasing global demand. However, an understanding of who wants to learn evaluation and their learning needs related to evaluator competencies is relatively unexplored. This article describes a research effort designed to address those needs using an evaluator competency self-assessment. Despite their validity challenges, self-assessments can yield valuable information for a variety of audiences. Respondents and their organisations can use this method to understand evaluation capacity strengths and needs and create professional development plans. For those conducting evaluation capacity building in or for organisations, and those developing formal evaluation education programs, self-assessment results can provide a road map for planning, development and delivery. This article describes the process of developing and piloting the Learn Evaluation Assessment Portal, an evaluator competency self-assessment tool, with the Australian Evaluation Society. The article reflects on the lessons learnt from the development and testing of the tool and will be valuable for a range of stakeholders from practitioners to commissioners and in particular Voluntary Organisations of Professional Evaluators which are committed to developing evaluation capacity and are working towards professionalisation of the field.
Framing the future: Exploring the values that underpin the Australian Evaluation Society’s Evaluators’ Professional Learning Competencies
Authors: Domvo Will , Gullickson Amy M , Wildschut Lauren
Published: November 2024

In the last two decades, evaluator competency frameworks have become ubiquitous. Many have been developed by reviewing the literature and engaging in various research processes to ask evaluation practitioners what they do, in order to determine what evaluators should know and be able to do. Due to this practice focused approach, the underlying philosophical and theoretical assumptions of competencies are rarely questioned. In this article, the authors explore this territory by categorising competencies using two taxonomies. Mertens and Wilson’s 2018 Program evaluation theory and practice provides a philosophical framework, and Schwandt & Gates’ 2021 Evaluating and valuing in social research provides a theoretical framework. The authors apply these frameworks to the three evaluation specific domains of the Australian Evaluation Society (AES) Evaluators’ Professional Learning Competency Framework as refined for the Learn Evaluation Assessment Platform in 2020. Findings of this exploratory study suggest that the AES ’ conception of evaluator competencies aligns primarily with Mertens and Wilson’s pragmatist/neopragmatist paradigm and Schwandt and Gates ’ expanded frame. The authors discuss implications of the results and propose ideas for further improvement and testing of this research approach.
Exploration of Family-Centered Care in NICUs: A Grounded Theory Methodology
Authors: Park Young Ah , Im YeoJin
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to explore the experience of family-centered care (FCC) for high-risk infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) among their parents and healthcare providers (HCPs) using the grounded theory methodology to understand the processes and interactions involved. By employing the grounded theory approach described by Corbin and Strauss, in-depth interviews were conducted with parents and HCPs experienced in NICU settings. Participants were selected via theoretical and snowball sampling, and data were managed and analyzed concurrently using MAXQDA software. The analysis was performed through open coding, process analysis, and category integration. The analysis of the experiences of FCC for high-risk infants in the NICU produced a detailed framework involving 71 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 11 upper categories. Through process analysis and category integration, the study identified a significant process termed “Union of care” characterized by four sequential phases: [Wandering]–[Approaching with one mind]–[Becoming a harmonious team]–[Carrying on the care]. This process model underscores the dynamic and collaborative nature of FCC in the complex environment of the NICU. This study highlights the importance of dynamic interaction and mutual understanding between parents and HCPs in FCC for high-risk infants. The promotion of a cooperative approach is recommended, with a focus on open communication, respect for parental roles, and HCPs’ facilitation of parental involvement in care processes. Future research should consider larger and more diverse participant groups to broaden understanding and develop more inclusive FCC strategies.
Palliative Home Care Based on Clinically Relevant Scientific Measures: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Piamjariyakul Ubolrat , Young Stephanie , Hendrickson Ann E. , Navia R. Osvaldo , Wang Kesheng , Smith Carol E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Measuring palliative care needs of patients with multiple complex illnesses and their family, is essential for providing quality clinical care. The integrated palliative care outcome scale (IPOS) is a scientifically verified measure of patients’ physical, emotional symptoms, and their palliative care communication and practical needs. The patients in this study require palliative care due to both their end-of-life heart failure (HF) and vascular dementia. Purpose: The purposes are to describe and compare home palliative care needs measured by the family caregivers (N = 20) and patients (N = 20) IPOS scores and to examine whether the patient IPOS total score can predict patient HF health status and caregiving burden scores. Methods: This study uses explanatory research design with rigorous methods for obtaining information from multiple sources. Descriptive, Cohen’s Kappa (k) statistics comparing patient and caregiver IPOS scores and regression analyses to examine the patient IPOS scores impact on patient HF health status and caregiving burden scores were used. Results: There was significant agreement between patient and caregiver ratings on 16 out of 17 IPOS items (k = .34 to .80). Regression analyses found that the patient IPOS total score significantly predicted patients’ HF health status ( β = −.50, P < .05), and caregiving burden scores ( β = .57, P < .01). Conclusion: Patients’ and their caregivers’ IPOS scores agreement indicates palliative care needs can be consistently identified. The patient IPOS total scores can predict patients’ HF health status and caregiving burden. These measures provide information directly applicable for health professionals guiding palliative home care.
Does Strategic Planning for Interpretive Services Improve Organizational Performance Across the U.S. National Park Service?
Authors: Powell Robert B. , Stern Marc J. , Jahn Jo , Ruiz A. Stefanie
Published: November 2024

Theoretically strategic planning improves management activities, employee motivations, and ultimately, organizational performance. Comprehensive interpretive planning, a form of strategic planning, also should theoretically assists organizations that provide interpretive services by identifying audiences, key stories, interpretive themes, and goals regarding visitor experiences. However, many in the field find both the process as well as products associated with strategic planning ineffective. This study sought to examine the influence of strategic planning on strategic management, and the influence of both on workplace conditions, employees’ organizational commitment, and organizational performance. We created an online questionnaire and administered it to all National Park Service (NPS) employees with Interpretation & Education responsibilities at any of the 424 NPS units in 2023. Results suggest that strategic plans are important both for employees’ commitment to the organization and for the organization’s overall performance. Results also suggest that strategic management activities, which include holding employee’s accountable for work tasks; regularly seeking to improve programs and services; collaborating with external stakeholders and partners; communicating clear job performance expectations and feedback; having clear goals and measuring performance toward these goals are also important for improving employees’ commitment to the organization and for overall performance. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Trastuzumab Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Suggesting Repurposing Potential
Authors: Abdel-Ghany Shaimaa , Khalid Yasmin , Mohamed Soha , Mohamed Gehan , Mohdy Engy , Ezzat Abeer , Madian Engy F , Said Osama A , Abdel-Hakeem Mohamed A , Nazih Mahmoud , Khoder Ahmed , Sabit Hussein
Published: November 2024

Background:

Breast cancer remains the most common invasive cancer in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options. Trastuzumab (Tz) is typically used to treat HER2-positive breast cancers, but its potential in TNBC is unclear.

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of trastuzumab on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and gene expression in TNBC cell lines compared with HER2-positive and normal cell lines.

Design:

This is an in vitro experimental pre-clinical study using cultured cancer cell lines.

Methods:

MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 (TNBC), MCF-7 ( HER2-positive), and HSF (normal) cell lines were treated with 20 μg/mL trastuzumab for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, apoptosis by flow cytometry, cell cycle progression by DNA content analysis, and gene expression by qPCR.

Results:

Trastuzumab significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in TNBC cell lines, comparable to effects in HER2-positive MCF-7 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed G2/M phase arrest in TNBC cells. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of ERBB2, NOTCH1, EGFR, PIK3CA, and PTEN in MDA-MB-231 cells, while 4T1 cells exhibited downregulation of most genes except NOTCH1.

Conclusion:

This study provides initial evidence for trastuzumab’s potential therapeutic effects in TNBC, despite low HER2 expression. The observed cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle modulation in TNBC cells warrant further investigation into trastuzumab’s mechanisms of action in HER2-negative contexts and its potential repurposing for TNBC treatment.
Deep Brain Stimulation Impairment Scale in Brazilian Portuguese: Cross-cultural adaptation and content validity
Authors: Tauil Juliana Corrales , Hamdan Amer Cavalheiro
Published: November 2024

Parkinson’s disease has exhibited the most rapid increase in prevalence among neurodegenerative disorders over the past 25 years. With the expanding availability of its surgical interventions and the controversial side effects identified in the literature, it is urgent to develop instruments for discerning subtle changes in patients’ biopsychosocial functioning. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to culturally adapt the Deep Brain Stimulation Impairment Scale (DBS-IS) into Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate its content validity. The final version of the DBS-IS in Brazilian Portuguese comprises 19 Likert items and yielded an S-CVI of 0.97, indicating robust content validity. Given the escalating number of Parkinson’s disease diagnoses annually in Brazil, this tool may prove beneficial for practitioners and could also contribute to clarifying some of the apparent disparities among users of brain stimulation therapies worldwide and in Brazil.
Changing tasks and changing public servants? The digitalisation and automation of public administrative work
Authors: Gräfe Philipp , Marienfeldt Justine , Wehmeier Liz Marla , Kuhlmann Sabine
Published: November 2024

Due to digitalisation, automation, and the use of artificial intelligence in policy implementation, public administrations are adapting their workflows and organisational structures. We explore the impact of the digital transformation on the nature of tasks as well as the subsequent (potentially) changing demand for competences and job profiles in public executive agencies, based on a comparative case study and semi-structured interviews with over 60 public servants from three key administrative services in Germany – electronic tax returns, internet-based vehicle registrations, and digital building applications. The findings reveal less complex tasks being partially substituted and core discretionary tasks being standardised. We highlight the emergence of “work for digitalisation” that often remains “invisible”, including “compensating work” (scanning, IT support), “connecting work” (software maintenance) and “cleaning work” (validating data), resulting in an overall increased workload. Additionally, there is a need for role-specific new competences and upskilling of middle-level public servants. Our results indicate a potential substitution of traditional administrative job profiles but a growing demand for highly skilled, academically trained public servants. The findings therefore challenge the notion that digitalisation and automation threaten human labour or effectively counteract staff shortages. Rather, (potential) benefits, burdens, and job perspectives are distributed unevenly across job profiles.
The relationship between anxiety and levels of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers
Authors: Bernard Mark A , Boutajangout Allal , Debure Ludovic , Ahmed Wajiha , Briggs Anthony Q , Boza-Calvo Carolina , Vedvyas Alok , Marsh Karyn , Bubu Omonigho M , Osorio Ricardo S , Wisniewski Thomas , Masurkar Arjun V
Published: November 2024

Anxiety is highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD), correlating with cerebrospinal fluid/positron emission tomography biomarkers and disease progression. Relationships to plasma biomarkers are unclear. Herein, we compare levels of plasma biomarkers in research participants with and without anxiety at cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia stages. We observed significantly higher plasma tau/amyloid-β42 ratio in AD participants with anxiety versus those without, but did not observe differences at other stages or plasma biomarkers. No such relationships were evident with depression. These results support a unique pathophysiological relationship between anxiety and AD that can be reflected in plasma biomarkers, suggestive of heightened neurodegeneration.