bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Test of the Most Promising Method to Capture Social Desirability Bias in Online Surveys
Authors: Bischof Daniel , Allinger Tim Lars , Le Corre Juratic Morgan , Frederiksen Kristian Vrede Skaaning
Published: August 2024

Social scientists have long debated the question of how much social desirability biases affect the information they can gather from online survey responses. However, it remains unclear how and to what extent we can measure it. Reviewing relevant literature focusing on this problem,we argue that the most promising way to measure social desirability bias is manipulating it globally through an experimental design placed at the very start of a survey. This approach---if successful---allows researchers to achieve three crucial goals that other approaches fall short in achieving simultaneously: 1) assuring that social desirability rather than confounders is measured, 2) allowing for checking whether social desirability was actually manipulated, and 3) allowing for measuring social desirability pressures in an infinite number of outcomes throughout the survey. Employing both novel treatment designs and designs already used in established research, we demonstrate with pre-registered survey experiments in the United States (N = 5,000) and Denmark (N = 3,000) that this approach is much too risky for researchers to pursue. Specifically, we show that some treatment designs repeatedly fail to achieve manipulation (i.e., respondents do not believe their answers are being observed), whereas others achieve manipulation but do not affect outcomes which we know for a fact are marred by social desirability (i.e., respondents do not care even if they know they are being observed). We end the paper by providing advice for scholars regarding which approaches are then most feasible to pursue judging by to what extent they achieve the three crucial goals reported above.
How Students From Different Economic Backgrounds View Criminal Records When Making Hiring Decisions
Authors: Kayne Samantha
Published: August 2024

Criminal record holders face many barriers to successful integration into society, including difficulty obtaining employment. Previous research has identified that the stigma surrounding criminal records strongly negatively influences hiring decisions. However, prior studies have not compared the views of employers from different socioeconomic backgrounds. This paper explores whether students from school districts with different average income levels have different perspectives on the significance of a nonviolent criminal record when making hypothetical employment decisions. I distributed a mixed-method survey to two different student populations: a school district with a high median household income and another with a significantly lower median household income. The quantitative portion of the survey used a Likert scale that had respondents answering questions about the employability of a person with a nonviolent criminal record based on four categories: nondescript, professional attributes, crime-specific, and context of job function/industry. A chi-squared test established a statistical significant difference between the two groups' responses to the nondescript question, while the other three categories were used to investigate the complexities of that finding. Next, the qualitative portion of the survey used an open-ended question and was analyzed using a thematic analysis, revealing differences in themes. I concluded that, while both schools have a significant portion of students who would not hire criminal record holders, in general, students from the school district with the lower median household income had greater concerns and were less likely to hire someone with a nonviolent criminal record than students in the higher-income school district.
Network Temperature as a Metric of Stability in Depression Symptoms Across Adolescence
Authors: Grimes Poppy Zenzi , Murray Aja Louise , Smith Keith , Allegrini Andrea G. , Piazza Giulia G. , Larsson Henrik , Epskamp Sacha , Whalley Heather C , Kwong Alex S.F.
Published: August 2024

Background: Depression is characterised by diverse symptom combinations that can be represented as a network. While studies often focus on central symptoms for targeted interventions, less explored are parameters capturing the entire network, offering insights into system dynamics. We propose network temperature as a metric for psychological network stability, examining changes across adolescence, a critical period for depression development. Methods: We replicated our study across three cohorts, including 35,901 adolescents (ages 10-19) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (ABCD), Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), and Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Depression symptom networks were estimated using multi-group Ising models, deriving the temperature parameter (T) at multiple time points (T=1 at baseline). Network temperature captures stability by assessing node state alignment – symptoms being ‘on’ or ‘off’. Higher temperatures indicate less alignment and increased system randomness. We also investigated sex differences in network temperature to illustrate developmental variability in stratified groups.Results: Network temperature decreased across adolescence in all cohorts from baseline (ABCD T=0.60 [0.59-0.61], ALSPAC T=0.70 [0.69,0.71], MCS T=0.75, [0.74,0.76]), with the steepest decline in early adolescence. Within-person networks stabilised with age, while individual depression scores increased in variability. Male networks cooled faster and earlier than females’, which showed higher intra-network heterogeneity and decreased stability.Conclusions: Depression symptom networks stabilise, and symptom variability decreases across adolescence. Faster network cooling at earlier ages highlights a critical transition period where early intervention could be most effective. Sex differences suggest that stratifying by risk factors could inform optimal intervention timing.
Feasibility and acceptability of FOotpaths foR Adolescent MAternal Mental HeAlth (FOR MAMA): a co-designed intervention for pregnant adolescents in Malawi
Authors: Mhango Wezi , Michelson Daniel , Gaysina Darya
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to assess feasibility, acceptability, and potential for impact of FOotpaths foR Adolescent Maternal Mental Health (FOR MAMA), a co-designed intervention for pregnant adolescents in Malawi. We used a mixed-methods interventional pre-post cohort design. We recruited pregnant adolescents from a rural health centre in Zomba district, Malawi, all of whom were offered a five-session psychosocial intervention delivered by community healthcare workers. Quantitative feasibility indicators related to participant enrolment, session attendance and intervention completion. Feasibility of intervention delivery was explored using in-depth semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers. Acceptability was investigated through in-depth semi-structured interviews with intervention participants and a service user satisfaction questionnaire. Intervention outcomes were assessed using standardised measures of common mental disorders, financial distress and poor mental health, and perceived social support. 19 adolescents aged 15-19 years (mean=17.21, SD=1.18) started the intervention, with 18 (94.7%) completing the programme. Significant improvements (p<0.05) were reported across all outcome measures, with moderate to high pre-post effect sizes. Intervention participants reported high levels of service satisfaction, although healthcare workers (n = 6) reported that some feasibility challenges emerged during recruitment and delivery. The FOR MAMA intervention proved to be an acceptable and feasible psychosocial intervention for pregnant adolescents in Malawi.
A surprise in reinforcement learning underlies the different developmental change in risk preference in autistic and neurotypical youth
Authors: Sumiya Motofumi
Published: August 2024

Risk preference changes nonlinearly across development. Although extensive developmental research on the neurotypical population has shown that risk preference is highest during adolescence, developmental changes in risk preference in autistic people, who tend to prefer predictable behaviors, have not been investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate these changes and underlying computational mechanisms. Using a game-like risk-sensitive reinforcement learning task, we found a significant difference in nonlinear developmental changes in risk preference between the autistic and neurotypical groups (N = 75; age range, 6–30 years). The computational modeling approach with reinforcement learning models revealed that individual preferences for surprise modulated such preferences. These findings indicate that for neurotypical people, adolescence is a developmental period involving risk preference, possibly due to lower surprise aversion. Conversely, for autistic people, who show opposite developmental trajectories of risk preference, adolescence could be a developmental period involving risk avoidance because of low surprise preference.
Strategies for Regulating Achievement Emotions: Conceptualization and Relations with University Students’ Emotions, Well-Being, and Health
Authors: Stockinger Kristina , Dresel Markus , Marsh Herb , Pekrun Reinhard
Published: August 2024

Background: Students’ achievement emotions profoundly influence their learning, academic performance, well-being, and educational trajectories. Understanding how students regulate these emotions is crucial for their academic flourishing.Aims: We examined students’ strategies for regulating three common achievement emotions (enjoyment, anxiety, boredom), and how these strategies relate to emotions, academic well-being, health problems, and achievement-related outcomes.Theoretical Framework: Our theoretical model of emotion regulation strategies is derived from the control-value theory of achievement emotions (Pekrun, 2006) and Harley et al.’s (2019) model of emotion regulation in achievement settings. It considers six groups of strategies: situation selection, social support, reappraisal, expression, suppression, and competence development. Samples: Participants included 350 (Study 1; Germany), 359 (Study 2; England), and 200 (Study 3; Germany) university students.Methods: Studies 1 and 2 were cross-sectional. Study 3 employed a five-wave prospective design and focused on course-specific achievement emotion regulation over one semester. We used a newly developed context- and emotion-specific measure of the six strategies targeting enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom (Regulation of Achievement Emotions Questionnaire, RAEQ). Results: Strategies were linked to students’ emotions, well-being, health, and academic achievement (perceived success, Studies 1 and 2; end-of-semester test scores, Study 3) across all three studies. Furthermore, achievement emotion regulation strategies were related to, but distinct from, general emotion regulation strategies.Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of students’ regulation of both positive and negative emotions, suggest that emotion regulation is context-specific, and imply that reappraisal and competence development are especially adaptive. We discuss implications for educational practice and future research.
Hypersensitivity to Noise and Light: A Multifactorial Framework of Attention, Personality, and Mood
Authors: Marzolla Marilien Claire , Hurks Petra , Borghans Lex , van Heugten Caroline
Published: August 2024

Sensory hypersensitivity (SHS) has been associated with mental health problems and difficulties in daily life. To better understand the concept of SHS, we studied the association between sensitivity to noise (NS) and light (LS) in the general population and factors of attention, personality, and mood. We also studied the effect of SHS and related factors on life satisfaction. This cross-sectional observational study included 236 adults who completed a series of online questionnaires on NS and LS, attention, personality, mood, and life satisfaction. Thereafter, they completed the Attentional Network Test (ANT). Prevalence of NS and LS were 11% and 8%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with NS and LS included longer mean reaction times on the ANT, higher self-reported ADHD-symptoms, less extraversion, more conscientiousness, more approach coping, and more anxiety. No associations between NS, LS, NS x LS, and life satisfaction were found after correcting for the other associated factors. Identifying a multifactorial framework of SHS promotes our understanding of SHS and allows for hypotheses on underlying mechanisms. Being aware of vulnerabilities in cognitive functions, personality and/or mood could potentially prevent health- and quality of life implications resulting from aspects of SHS.
Measuring complex psychological and sociological constructs in large-scale text
Authors: Herderich Alina , Lasser Jana , Galesic Mirta , Aroyehun Segun Taofeek , Garcia David , Garland Joshua
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been an increasing exchange between social science and machine learning. In principle, natural language processing enables social scientists to systematically process large amounts of text, while rich domain knowledge helps machine learning scholars to build valid models of social phenomena. However, there is a lack of clear guidelines for constructing valid and reliable mixed methods approaches, which can increase the rigor and comparability of computational social science research. We provide a set of guidelines for leveraging human data annotation and automatic text classification at scale in five stages: (1) classification scheme development, (2) data labeling, (3) model selection, (4) model training and performance improvement, and (5) statistical analysis. Using examples from our own research on countering online hate, we outline potential problems and respective solutions. We demonstrate how consequently integrating expertise from social science and machine learning can enhance the study of diverse social phenomena.
Concentración del mercado de servicios de auditoría en Ecuador, año 2022
Authors: Chicaiza Herrera Mayra Alexandra , Barragán Pazmiño Bryan Marcelo , Tapia Pila Walter Bladimir , Tonato Calapiña Milton Fabricio
Published: August 2024

El estudio del grado de concentración de los servicios de auditoría ha sido un tema de interés de académicos y agentes interesados que utilizan estos servicios en la región y el mundo. La concentración de las firmas de auditoría indica el nivel de participación que tienen estas compañías en el territorio ecuatoriano, considerando la confluencia de firmas internacionales, regionales y locales. El objetivo de la investigación es presentar resultados sobre el grado de concentración del mercado de auditoría en Ecuador durante el año 2022. La metodología empleada se sustenta bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo y un diseño documental. La muestra constituye 292 empresas registradas en la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros bajo la Clasificación Industrial Internacional Uniforme (CIIU) M6920.02. Se utilizó el Índice de Herfindall-Hirshman, la razón y el índice de concentración empresarial para conocer el nivel de acaparamiento del mercado de auditoría. Como resultado, en Ecuador se presenta un mercado de servicios de auditoría desconcentrado, situación que contrasta con la tendencia internacional, puesto que las B4 concentran menos de la mitad del mercado según el índice de concentración aplicado en base a los ingresos operacionales, corroborado con un HHI bajo.
URL: https://revistas.uta.edu.ec/erevista/index.php/bcoyu/article/view/2445
Audit Energi Listrik pada Gedung Masjid Arfaunnas Universitas Riau dan Potensi Penghematan Konsumsi Energi Listrik Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Hidayat Rahmad , Hasyim Rosma Iswadi , Hamzah Amir , Marpaung Horas , Ika Putra Agus
Published: August 2024

Arah kebijakan utama pemerintah terkait energi nasional adalah konservasi energi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan dan pemanfaatan energi oleh konsumen. Dalam rangka konservasi energi tersebut maka diperlukan audit energi, yaitu suatu metode untuk menghitung tingkat konsumsi energi suatu banguan gedung. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdian dalam rangka melakukan audit energi dan menganalisis potensi penghematan energi di Gedung Masjid Arfaunnas Universitas Riau. Intensitas Konsumsi Energi (IKE) di Masjid Arfaunnas Universitas Riau pada bulan Januari – Maret 2024 sebelum dilakukan upaya penghematan diperoleh hasil dengan rentang data 6 – 9 kWh/m2/tahun. Hasil IKE tersebut menurut kriteria Permen ESDM No. 13 tahun 2012 pada Gedung Ber-AC termasuk kategori efisien. Sedangkan untuk ruangan wudhu, ruang tamu, ruang utama lantai 2 dan teras. Untuk kamar gharim dan ruang utama lantai 1 termasuk kategori tidak efisien karena IKE > 8,5 kWh/m2/tahun. Setelah dilakukan upaya penghematan, diperoleh hasil IKE dengan rentang data 3,99 – 5,98 kWh/m2/tahun. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa IKE di Masjid Arfaunnas Universitas Riau setelah dirancang potensi penghematan lampu dan AC termasuk kategori sangat efisien.
PERANCANGAN E-LEARNING BERBASIS WEBSITE MENGGUNAKAN METODE GAMIFICATION DIKELAS DIGITAL MTSN 4 BANDA ACEH
Authors: Ainayya Nayya , Aziz Aulia Syarif
Published: August 2024

Di era global saat ini, keterlibatan dengan teknologi, terutama teknologi informasi, menjadi suatu keperluan yang tidak bisa dielakkan. Teknologi memainkan peran penting dalam pendidikan, contohnya adalah metode penyampaian materi menggunakan proyektor. Namun, seiring meningkatnya kebutuhan dalam bidang pendidikan, terjadi perubahan signifikan dalam metode pembelajaran. Saat ini, teknologi informasi seperti internet sering digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran karena kecepatan dan kemudahan penyampaian informasi. Salah satu implementasi teknologi dalam pendidikan adalah melalui e-learning. Dengan menerapkan e-learning yang dipadukan dengan gamification akan berguna untuk meningkatkan rasa ketertarikan dan kepuasan belajar siswa, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja dan produktivitas para penggunanya dalam menyelesaikan suatu tugas. Disekolah MTsN 4 Banda Aceh rasa ketertarikan dan kepuasan belajar siswa cenderung menurun dikarenakan terjadinya pandemi yang berkepanjangan, maka dari itu diperlukan cara agar dapat meningkatkan kembali rasa ketertarikan dan kepuasan belajar siswa. Metode penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sedangkan pelaksanaan penelitian ini dijalankan dengan menerapkan proses Siklus Hidup Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak (SDLC) menggunakan model waterfall dengan pengujian menggunakan metode skala SUS dan Blackbox testing. Hasil penelitian menggunakan skala SUS mendapatkan nilai 82 yang menunjukkan bahwa website e-learning dapat meningkatkan rasa ketertarikan dan kepuasan belajar siswa sedangkan pengujian menggunakan blackbox testing secara fungsional website e-learning telah memenuhi segi fungsionality.
USO DO SOLO NA SUB-BACIA DO RIBEIRÃO DA PRATA, LENÇÓIS PAULISTA - SP
Authors: Leda Victor Costa , Nicolete Donizeti Aparecido Pastori , Sartori Anderson Antônio da Conceição , Pezzoni Filho José Carlos , Zimback Célia Regina Lopes
Published: August 2024

O uso e cobertura do solo possui influência na quantidade e qualidade da água em bacias hidrográficas, com isso as técnicas de geoprocessamento possibilitam analisar os padrões de ocupação do solo. Neste contexto o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e quantificar os processos de mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo por meio de análise temporal, nos anos de 1984 e 2014. A área de estudo compreende a sub-bacia do Ribeirão da Prata, que está localizada no município de Lençóis Paulista, estado de São Paulo, para o mapeamento do uso e ocupação do solo foram utilizadas imagens orbitais dos satélites Landsat 5 e Landsat 8. As análises de mudanças foram realizadas através do módulo Land Change Modeler - LCM, o qual possibilitou obter relações de ganho, perda e persistência da vegetação nativa. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que houve um incremento na área de vegetação nativa, e também o predomínio da cana-de-açúcar para o período analisado, indicando que apesar das atividades agrícolas serem intensas na região, houve uma melhora em termos de conservação ambiental na sub-bacia estudada. Palavra-chave: Sensoriamento remoto, vegetação nativa, dinâmica espaço-temporal.   LAND USE IN SUBBASIN OF RIBEIRÃO DA PRATA, LENÇÓIS PAULISTA - SP ABSTRACT The use and coating of soil influence the quantity and quality of water in watersheds. For this reason, the geo processing techniques allow analyses of soil occupation patterns to be made. This paper aims to identify and quantify, through temporal analysis, the change processes of soil use and occupation in the years of 1984 and 2014. The area of study comprises the subbasin of Ribeirão da Prata, which is located in  Lençóis Paulista city, in São Paulo state. For mapping the soil’s use and occupation, orbital images were utilized from the satellites Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. The change analyses were conducted through the “Land Change Modeler” module (LCM), which made it possible to obtain relationships of gain, loss and constancy of the native vegetation. The results show that there has been an increase on the area of native vegetation, as well as a predominance of sugar cane for the analyzed period. This suggests that despite the agricultural activities in the area, there has been an improvement in terms of environmental conservation in the referred subbasin. Keywords: Remote sensing, native vegetation, spatial-temporal dynamic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v02n03a08
POTENCIAL DE Eucalyptus grandis COMO FACILITADORA DA REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL
Authors: Turchetto Felipe , Fortes Fabiano de Oliveira , Callegaro Rafael Marian , Mafra Charles Rodrigo Belmonte
Published: August 2024

O potencial de regeneração de espécies nativas sob plantios florestais homogêneos é considerado um fator importante para a manutenção da diversidade e da riqueza de espécies florestais nativas. Dessa forma, esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a regeneração natural no sub-bosque de um povoamento de Eucalyptus grandis, localizado no município de Frederico Westphalen, RS. Foram instaladas 10 parcelas de 10 m x 10 m, nas quais foram mensurados todos os indivíduos com altura igual ou maior que 1 m. As espécies amostradas foram distribuídas em classes de altura e diâmetro e classificadas quanto a classe sucessional e síndrome de dispersão, sendo calculado o índice de diversidade de Shannon. No total foram amostrados 414 indivíduos, a florística da área inclui 32 espécies distribuídas em 20 famílias e 30 gêneros. A família Myrtaceae, apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies, sendo que Prunus myrtifolia e Sebastiania commersoniana foram as espécies com maior número de indivíduos. O índice de diversidade de Shannon foi estimado em 2,36 nats.ind.-1. A regeneração natural mostrou-se diversa, com predomínio de espécies heliófilas (pioneiras e secundárias iniciais), evidenciando que o povoamento de Eucalyptus grandis atuou como facilitadora da regeneração natural. Palavras-chave: Floresta Estacional Decidual, restauração florestal; diversidade de espécies.   POTENTIAL OF Eucalyptus grandis AS FACILITATOR OF NATURAL REGENERATION ABSTRACT:The potential of regeneration of native species under homogeneous forest planting is considered an important factor for the maintenance of the diversity and the wealth of native forest species. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the natural regeneration of the underbrush of an Eucalyptus grandis stand, located in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen, RS. There were installed 10 parcels of 10 m x 10 m, in which there were measured all the individuals with equal or higher height than 1 m. The sampled species were distributed in height classes or diameter classes and classified in relation to the successional class and dispersal syndrome. There were calculated the indexes of Shannon diversity and of Pielou evenness. In total, there were sampled 414 individuals; the floristic of the area includes 32 species distributed in 20 families and 30 genera. The Myrtaceae family, presented the greatest richness of species, and the Prunus myrtifolia and Sebastiania commersoniana were the species with greater number of individuals. The index of Shannon diversity was estimated in 2.36 nats.ind.-1. The natural regeneration showed itself diverse, with predominance of initial and later secondary species, highlighting that the stand of Eucalyptus grandis performed as facilitator of natural regeneration. Keywords: Deciduous Forest, forest restoration; species diversity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n04a05
METODOLOGIA NÃO DESTRUTIVA PARA QUANTIFICAÇÃO DO VOLUME E BIOMASSA DO FUSTE EM REMANESCENTE FLORESTAL
Authors: Nicoletti Marcos Felipe , Silva Ezequiel , Pitz Floriani Mireli Moura
Published: August 2024

Nesse trabalho objetivou-se propor uma metodologia não destrutiva para quantificação de volume individual, biomassa e carbono do tronco em um remanescente florestal. O estudo foi feito em cinco parcelas de 600 m². As variáveis dendrométricas mensuradas foram diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), altura total (h), diâmetro ao longo do fuste conforme o método de Smalian. Para cada árvore mensurou-se os diâmetros de forma indireta com o dendrômetro Criterion RD 1000 e comparou-se com a mensuração de forma direta com a suta. Determinou-se o volume, biomassa e carbono por parcela. O erro relativo médio encontrado nas medidas do diâmetro foi de 10%, para o volume individual, o erro médio subestimado foi de 20% e para biomassa e carbono o erro foi subestimado em aproximadamente 15%. Portanto, a metodologia de quantificação indireta do volume, e da biomassa e do carbono pode ser considerada aceitável, frente às dificuldades de obtenção dessas informações em remanescentes naturais. Palavra-chave: carbono, criterion, cubagem não destrutiva. NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODOLOGY FOR QUANTIFYING VOLUME AND STEM BIOMASS IN FOREST REMNANTS ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to propose a non-destructive method for quantification the individual volume, stem biomass and carbon in trees in the forest remnant. The survey was done in five plots of 600 m². The variables measured were diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, stem diameter of standing trees by Smalian method. Every tree was measured the diameters indirectly with the Criterion RD 1000 dendrometer and compared with the measurement directly with the caliper. It was determined volume, biomass and carbon for plot. The average relative error found in the measurements of the diameter was 10%, the individual volume obtained an average error underestimated in 20%, the biomass and carbon were error underestimated in approximately 15%. Therefore, the non descrutive methodology to quantification the volume, biomass and carbon can be considered acceptable given the difficulty which is to obtain information on natural remnants. Keywords: carbon, criterion, non-destructive measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n04a11 METODOLOGIA NÃO DESTRUTIVA PARA QUANTIFICAÇÃO DO VOLUME E BIOMASSA DO FUSTE EM REMANESCENTE FLORESTAL
MANEJO DE PRODUÇÃO EM FLORESTAS NATURAIS DA AMAZÔNIA: MITOS E VERDADES
Authors: Braz Evaldo Muñoz , Mattos Patrícia Póvoa de
Published: August 2024

O manejo de florestas naturais é o único uso da terra que garante a manutenção da floresta. O número de árvores remanescentes atinge 88%. Apesar disto, é uma atividade penalizada na mídia como responsável pela destruição ou deterioração das florestas naturais. Além disso, pesquisas sobre manejo de florestas naturais, principalmente na Amazônia, muitas vezes se apoiam nestes mitos, produzindo pesquisas pontuais desconectadas com a realidade do manejo de “floresta de produção”. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar, discutir e correlacionar os seguintes tópicos: a) restrições relativas ao aumento do ciclo em floresta de produção; b) questões referentes à estrutura inicial da floresta e c) sua capacidade de recuperação em volume pós-exploração; e d) a necessidade de se considerar diâmetros ótimos de corte para garantir um melhor incremento. Palavras-chaves: manejo de florestas naturais, ciclo de corte, estrutura remanescente.   MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION FORESTS IN AMAZONIAN REGION: MYTHS AND TRUTHS   ABSTRACTNatural forests management is the only land use that ensures the maintenance of the forest. Remaining trees may reach 88%. However this activity is indicted by media as responsible for forest destruction or deterioration. Moreover, researches regarding natural forests management in Amazon region are frequently supported by these myths, producing results unconnected with the reality of the "production forest" management. The objective of this work is to present, discuss and correlate a) constraints of increasing the cycle in a production forest; b) issues related to the initial structure of the forest c) the forest’s ability to recover timber volume post-logging; and d) the necessity of considering optimum logging diameter to ensure better increment. Keywords: natural forest management, cutting cycle, remaining structure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n04a12
POTENCIAL TECNOLÓGICO DA MADEIRA DE AMESCLA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE POLPA CELULÓSICA
Authors: Ferreira e Silva Maryella Júnnia , Stangerlin Diego Martins , Pariz Elizangela
Published: August 2024

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial tecnológico da madeira de Trattinnickia rhoifolia (amescla) para produção de polpa celulósica. Para tanto, inicialmente determinou-se a massa específica básica e a composição química (teor de cinzas, extrativos, lignina e holocelulose) da madeira de amescla. O processo de polpação química dos cavacos de amescla foi realizado pelo método Soda, sendo avaliadas quatro concentrações de hidróxido de sódio (10, 14, 18 e 22%), como licor de cozimento. Posteriormente, a pasta celulósica obtida pelo método Soda foi submetida ao branqueamento pelo método de cloração ao empregar solução de hipoclorito de sódio e ácido acético. Em cada processo foram avaliados o rendimento bruto em pasta celulósica (não branqueada e branqueada), pH do licor de cozimento e análise colorimétrica da pasta celulósica (não branqueada e branqueada). A madeira de amescla apresentou características físicas e químicas satisfatórias para produção de polpa celulósica, tendo em vista a alta porosidade e os baixos teores de lignina e extrativos. A concentração do licor de cozimento (NaOH) não influenciou nos parâmetros pH do licor negro, rendimento bruto e parâmetros colorimétricos das polpas celulósicas não branqueada e branqueada. Palavras-chave: polpação química, processo Soda, química da madeira, qualidade da madeira.   TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF AMESCLA WOOD FOR PULP PRODUCTION   ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the technological potential of Trattinnickia rhoifolia (amescla) wood for producing cellulosic pulp. For this purpose, we have initially determined the specific basic mass and the chemical composition (amount of ashes, extractives, lignin and holocellulose) of amescla wood. The process of chemical pulping of amescla wood chips was held by Soda method, where four concentrations of sodium hydroxide (10, 14, 18 and 22%) were evaluated, as cooking liquor. Subsequently, the cellulosic pulp obtained by Soda method was submitted to bleaching through chlorination method by using a solution of sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid. In each process, gross yield in cellulosic pulp (unbleached and bleached), cooking liquor pH level and colorimetric analysis of cellulosic pulp (unbleached and bleached) were evaluated. Amescla wood showed satisfactory physical and chemical characteristics for producing cellulosic pulp, given the high porosity and the low amounts of lignin and extractives. The concentration of cooking liquor (NaOH) did not influence the parameters of black liquor pH level, gross yield and colorimetric parameters of unbleached and bleached cellulosic pulps. Keywords: chemical pulping, Soda process, wood chemistry, wood quality.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n01a02
NEW PHYLOGENETIC LINEAGE OF Calonectria CAUSING LEAF BLIGHT IN Eucalyptus urophylla IN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL
Authors: Fernandes Rildo Alexandre , Cândido Tonimara de Souza , Alfenas Acelino Couto , Alfenas Rafael Ferreira
Published: August 2024

NOVA LINHAGEM FILOGENÉTICA DE Calonectria CAUSANDO MANCHA FOLIAR EM Eucalyptus urophylla EM MATO GROSSO A mancha-de-calonectria causada por Calonectria spp. é uma das principais doenças foliares da cultura do eucalipto no Brasil. Estudos recentes têm mostrado o potencial impacto dessa doença e a enorme variabilidade existente na população do patógeno. No entanto não há estudos sobre ocorrência e a identificação de espécies de Calonectria no estado de Mato Grosso. Assim, os objetivos desse trabalho foram fazer um levantamento das espécies de Calonectria que ocorrem no sudeste de Mato Grosso e identificar por meio de análises de sequência de DNA, quais espécies são predominantes. As análises filogenéticas foram realizadas com sequencias parciais dos genes fator de elongação (tef1a), β-tubulina (tub2), calmodulina (cal) e histona H3 (his3). Foi observada uma grande variabilidade de Calonectria no estado de Mato Grosso, uma vez que foram encontrados diferentes grupos filogenéticos em isolados obtidos a partir de um único local de coleta. Com base na análise filogenética multi-gênica, uma nova linhagem filogenética é proposta (Calonectria sp. new.), Calonectria pteridis é encontrada em Eucalyptus urophylla no Mato Grosso, e relata-se pela primeira vez no mundo a ocorrência de Calonectria pseudometrosideri causando a mancha-de-calonectria em Eucalyptus spp. Palavras-chave: patologia florestal, Cylindrocladium, floresta plantada, mancha-foliar.   ABSTRACT Calonectria-leaf-blight (CLB) caused by Calonectria spp. is one of the main foliar disease of eucalypt plantation in Brazil. Recent studies have shown the potential impact of this disease and the hyper-diversity in the pathogen population. However, there are no studies addressing the occurrence and identification of Calonectria species in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The aims of this study were to conduct surveys of soils and trees in eucalypt plantation in southeast of Mato Grosso and identify which species are dominant by DNA sequence analyses. The phylogenetic analyses were performed by using partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1a), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cal) and histone H3 (his3) gene regions. A great variability in Calonectria was observed in the Mato Grosso state, since different phylogenetic groups were found in a survey from a single collection place. Based on multigene phylogenetic analyses, a new phylogenetic lineage is proposed (Calonectria sp. new.), Calonectria pteridis is reported in Eucalyptus urophylla in Mato Grosso, and the occurrence of Calonectria pseudometrosideri causing CLB on Eucalyptus spp. is reported for the first time in the world. Keywords: forest pathology, Cylindrocladium, eucalyptus farming, planted forest.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n02a02
PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY OF WOOD IN A CLONE OF Eucalyptus IN MONOCULTURE AND SILVIPASTORAL SYSTEM
Authors: Anjos Arthur Faganello Teodoro dos , Sartori Wyllian Winckler , Tonini Hélio , Morales Marina Moura , Silva Vanderley Porfírio da
Published: August 2024

DESEMPENHO E QUALIDADE DA MADEIRA DE UM CLONE DE EUCALIPTO EM MONOCULTIVO E SISTEMA SILVIPASTORILEste trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar o desempenho e as variações na qualidade da madeirade árvores de eucalipto implantadas em sistema silvipastoril e em monocultivo. Os dados foram coletados em 13 árvores amostras aos 36 meses de idade, selecionadas em função do intervalo de confiança da média dos diâmetros a altura do peito (DAP), e da posição das árvores na faixa de plantio no sistema silvipastoril, com face de exposição sul, norte e central. Foram avaliadas as variáveis DAP, altura total e altura comercial, volume e conicidade do tronco, densidade básica e deslocamento da medula. Concluiu-se que no sistema silvipastoril as árvores apresentaram maior DAP, menor altura total e maior conicidade do tronco que no monocultivo. O DAP não diferiu em relação à posição na faixa de plantio, porém as árvores com face de exposição norte foram mais baixas e cônicas. A densidade básica e o deslocamento da medula não foram influenciados pelo sistema de cultivo. Palavras-chave: clone de híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, sistemas integrados de produção, Mato Grosso.   ABSTRACT This work was carried out with the purpose to evaluate and compare the performance and the variations in the quality of the wood of eucalyptus trees planted in silvopastoral system and in monoculture. Data were collected from 13 trees sampled at the age of 36 months, selected according to confidence interval of the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and according to the position of the trees in the planting strip in the silvopastoral system, with south, north and central-facing exposure slopes. The variables DBH, total height and commercial height, volume and conicity of the trunk, basic density and displacement of the pith were evaluated. Results led to the conclusion that trees in the silvopastoral system had higher DBH, lower overall height and increased conicity of the trunk than in monocultures. DBH did not vary according to the position in the planting strip, but trees with north-facing exposure were lower and more conic. Basic density and displacement of the pith were not influenced by cropping system. Keywords: hybrid clone Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, integrated production systems, Mato Grosso.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n02a04
RESGATE VEGETATIVO DE ÁRVORES DE Tectona grandis Linn F. PELO ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS
Authors: Badilla Yorleny , Xavier Aloisio , Murillo Olman
Published: August 2024

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o enraizamento de estacas provenientes das brotações advindas da decepa e do anelamento do caule de árvores de Tectona grandis, assim como de estacas originadas do sistema radicular. Foram selecionadas árvores em plantios comerciais (propagados via seminífera) de 5, 10 e 15 anos de idade, na fazenda Bacaeri, localizada no município Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. Foram selecionadas 20 árvores por idade, sendo aplicados os três tratamentos (decepa, anelamento e coleta de raiz). O experimento seguiu um arranjo fatorial (3 x 3), em delineamento estatístico inteiramente ao ocaso, considerando as três idades e os três tratamentos testados. Com os resultados obtidos foram verificadas diferenças significativas, para a brotação e número de brotos, em relação à idade, à técnica de resgate, não obstante não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas na interação “idade x técnica de resgate”. Quanto ao enraizamento das estacas, diferenças estatísticas foram observadas somente quanto à técnica de resgate. Os resultados indicaram que as técnicas de resgate, pela decepa e pelo anelamento do caule demostraram ter potencial no resgate vegetativo desta espécie. O resgate de árvores da teca pelo método da estaquia radicular, não se torna viável nas condições avaliadas, pelo fato da baixa taxa de enraizamento (4%) e não obtenção de brotações nas estacas. Palavras-chave: propagação vegetativa, silvicultura clonal, teca, estaquia.   REDEMPTION VEGETATIVE OF THE Tectona grandis Linn F. TREES BY THE STAKES ROOTING ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting of cuttings of shoots arising from coppicing and stem girdling of teak trees, as well as stakes originated the root system. Trees were selected in commercial plantations (propagated via seminiferous) of 5, 10 and 15 years old, in Bakirifarm, located in the city Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Twenty trees were selected by age, the three treatments being applied (cuts off, annealingand root collection). The experiment followed a factorial arrangement (3 x 3) in experimental design entirely to the decline, considering the three ages and the three treatments tested. With the results obtained significant differences were found for the budding and number of shoots in relation to age, rescue technique, never the less there were no statistical differences in the interaction “old x rescue technique”. As for root cutting, statistical differences were observed only on the rescue technique. The results indicated that the rescue techniques by cuts off and the stem girdling demonstrated a potential in vegetative recovery of this species. The rescue of teak trees by the method of root cuttings, does not be come viable under the conditions evaluated, because of the low strike rate (4%) and not getting shoots at the stake. Keywords: vegetative propagation, clonal forestry, teak, cutting.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n02a07
ANÁLISE QUALI-QUANTITATIVA DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE UMA PRAÇA URBANA DO NORTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Gomes Ediellen Mayara Corrêa , Rodrigues Danielle Miranda de Souza , Santos Jaqueline Tavares , Barbosa Elilson de Jesus
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um inventário quali-quantitativo da arborização da Praça Nossa Senhora da Conceição, localizada na cidade de Macapá, AP. Para tanto, as variáveis avaliadas foram: altura total da espécie identificada, diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), avanço da copa sobre a rua, conflitos com a rede elétrica, intensidade de poda, área de crescimento, fitossanidade e origem geográfica. Foram identificados 300 indivíduos arbóreos e não arbóreos, sendo a família Fabaceae a mais representativa. Pôde-se constatar que as espécies Mangifera indica L. e Ixora coccínea L. totalizaram 35,66% de indivíduos. A maioria dos indivíduos apresentou altura de 1 a 3 m e DAP menor que 10 cm. Foi observado que 77% dos indivíduos não apresentam copa avançando nas vias públicas e a maioria não possuíam conflito com a fiação elétrica, uma vez que 50,33% não estavam próximos a fiação. Quanto à intensidade de poda, 55,33% das árvores existentes na praça sofreram poda leve. Constatou-se que 66,67% da população vegetal possui bom espaço para seu crescimento. Em relação à fitossanidade, 57,66% dos indivíduos apresentaram problemas fitossanitários. Conclui-se que arborização da praça é jovem, com a maioria dos indivíduos pertencentes a espécies exóticas, possuindo problemas fitossanitários tanto as espécies nativas quanto exóticas.Palavras-chave: áreas verdes urbanas, levantamento florístico, espaços públicos, planejamento urbano. QUALI-QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF AFFORESTATION OF A SQUARE URBAN BRAZIL NORTHABSTRACTThis study aimed to conduct a qualitative and quantitative inventory of afforestation Square Nossa Senhora da Conceição, located in the city of Macapá, AP, Brazil. The variables were evaluated: total height of the identified species, diameter at breast height (DBH), advance the canopy over the street, conflicts with the power grid, pruning intensity, growth area, plant health and geographical origin. Three hundred individuals were identified the Fabaceae family is the most representative. It can be seen that the species Mangifera indica L. and Ixora coccínea L. totaled 35.66% of individuals. The majority of subjects had height of 1 to 3 m DCH less than 10 cm. It was observed that 77% of individuals have no moving canopy on public roads and the majority had no trouble with the electrical wiring, since 50.33% were not near wiring. The intensity of pruning, 55.33% of the existing trees on the square suffered light pruning. It was found that 66.67% of the plant population has good room for growth. With regard to plant health, 57.66% of patients had disease problems. We conclude that square of the trees are young, with most individuals belonging to exotic species, possessing phytosanitary problems, both native and exotic species.Keywords: urban green areas, floristic survey, public spaces, urban planning. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n03a12
DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE RETARDANTE DE FOGO EM PLANTIOS DE EUCALIPTO
Authors: Canzian Weslen Pintor , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Brinate Igor Batista , Juvanhol Ronie Silva , Bighi Kelly Nery
Published: August 2024

Incêndio florestal é um dos maiores causadores de prejuízos no triângulo da sustentabilidade no meio florestal, ou seja, ele proporciona prejuízos econômicos, ambientais e sociais. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de retardante de fogo sob a intensidade de queima e altura de chamas em plantio de eucalipto. O experimento foi conduzido com 3 distintas concentrações de retardante de fogo (1,5, 2,0 e 3,0%) além de testemunha com água. A dosagem de calda da mistura do retardante com água utilizada nesta pesquisa foi de 0,5 L m-2 de área. Durante a queima de cada unidade amostral foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: umidade relativa, velocidade do vento, tempo gasto para o fogo queimar a parcela com e sem o produto, altura das chamas e a distância que o fogo avançou na parcela. Para a análise foi calculado a intensidade de queima da unidade amostral por concentração do produto. O efeito das concentrações do retardante foi evidenciado, visto que apresentou diferenças significativas pelo teste Tukey em nível de 95% de probabilidade, diferenciando-se da testemunha (água). A concentração mais eficiente foi a de 3,0% com menores taxas de intensidade de queima e altura de chamas.Palavras-chave: incêndios florestais, proteção florestal, intensidade de queima. DIFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF FIRE RETARDANT IN EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONSABSTRACTThis research aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of fire retardant under the intensity and height of flames burning in Eucalyptus plantations. The experiment was conducted in a rural property in the south of the Espírito Santo, Brazil, conducted with three concentrations (1.5, 2.0 and 3.0%) in addition to treatment with water. The dosage of tail mixture of the with water retardant used in this study was 0.5 L m-2 of area. During the firing of each plot (treatment/repeat) the following variables were evaluated: relative wind speed, humidity time spent by the fire burn the plot with and without the product, height of the flames and the distance advanced by the fire in the plot. For analysis of the intensity of the burning portion was calculated by concentration of product. The effect of concentrations of retardant was evident, since they showed significant difference by Tukey test at 5% probability, differentiating itself from the control (water). The most effective concentration was 3.0% for both situations, intensity and height of flames burning, with the lowest rates of lower flammability and flame heights. Keywords: forest fire, forest protection, burning intensity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n04a02