bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting DNA Repair with Combined Inhibition of NHEJ and MMEJ Induces Synthetic Lethality in TP53-Mutant Cancers
Authors: Patterson-Fortin Jeffrey , Bose Arindam , Tsai Wei-Chih , Grochala Carter , Nguyen Huy , Zhou Jia , Parmar Kalindi , Lazaro Jean-Bernard , Liu Joyce , McQueen Kelsey , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Kozono David , D'Andrea Alan D.
Published: August 2022

DNA repair pathway inhibitors are a new class of anticancer drugs that are advancing in clinical trials. Peposertib is an inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which is a key driver of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). To identify regulators of response to peposertib, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen and found that loss of POLQ (polymerase theta, POLθ) and other genes in the microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) pathway are key predictors of sensitivity to DNA-PK inhibition. Simultaneous disruption of two DNA repair pathways via combined treatment with peposertib plus a POLθ inhibitor novobiocin exhibited synergistic synthetic lethality resulting from accumulation of toxic levels of DNA double-strand break end resection. TP53-mutant tumor cells were resistant to peposertib but maintained elevated expression of POLQ and increased sensitivity to novobiocin. Consequently, the combination of peposertib plus novobiocin resulted in synthetic lethality in TP53-deficient tumor cell lines, organoid cultures, and patient-derived xenograft models. Thus, the combination of a targeted DNA-PK/NHEJ inhibitor with a targeted POLθ/MMEJ inhibitor may provide a rational treatment strategy for TP53-mutant solid tumors.

Significance:

Combined inhibition of NHEJ and MMEJ using two nontoxic, targeted DNA repair inhibitors can effectively induce toxic DNA damage to treat TP53-deficient cancers.
p53 Activation Paradoxically Causes Liver Cancer
Authors: Barton Michelle C. , Lozano Guillermina
Published: August 2022

Activation of p53 regulates a transcriptional program that can cause cell cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, which are potent tumor suppressive mechanisms. Unexpectedly, Makino and colleagues show in this issue of Cancer Research that the constitutive activation of p53 in murine hepatocytes leads to tumor development. Detailed analyses indicate that p53 activation leads to loss of hepatocytes, increased expression of chemokines and humoral factors, and expansion of the hepatic progenitor cell population. These progenitor cells are highly proliferative, show chromosomal instability, and eventually transform. In chronic liver disease in humans, activation of p53 is associated with increased liver cancer development. This study highlights the complexity and non-cell autonomous nature of the physiologic p53 response.

See related article by Makino et al., p. 2860
The Evolving Epidemiology of Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers
Authors: Chaturvedi Anil K. , Freedman Neal D. , Abnet Christian C.
Published: August 2022

In 1988, Blot and colleagues reported results from a U.S. case–control study of oral cavity or pharyngeal (oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal) cancers, with results showing independent associations of smoking and alcohol with increased risk, multiplicative interaction effects between smoking and alcohol, and that nearly three-quarters of these cancers are attributable to smoking and alcohol. The report by Blot and colleagues represents a landmark in oropharyngeal cancer epidemiology. This study, the largest at the time, introduced several novel concepts in oropharyngeal cancer epidemiology that remain relevant today—etiologic heterogeneity, statistical interaction effects, adjusted attributable fractions, and disparities by sex and race/ethnicity. Perhaps the most significant recognition in the field since 1988 is the etiologic association of human papillomavirus (HPV, primarily HPV16) with cancers arising in the oropharynx. Today, more than 80% of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States are caused by HPV while only approximately 3% of oral cavity cancers are caused by HPV. This etiologic heterogeneity across head and cancer subsites revealed by HPV is manifest at the genetic/genomic, epidemiologic, and clinical levels. Tobacco and alcohol remain the major etiologic factors for oral cavity cancers while HPV is the major cause of oropharyngeal cancers. Thus, tobacco and alcohol control and prophylactic HPV vaccination remain the most promising prevention tools for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers at this time. Importantly, the ever-emerging alternative tobacco products, such as smokeless tobacco/snus, hookah and water pipes, e-cigarettes, flavored cigars and cigarillos, and oral dissolvable products, represent a key public health concern and the carcinogenic effects of these products remains an active area of investigation.

See related article by Blot and colleagues, Cancer Res 1988;48:3282–7
Rotor Syndrome Presenting as Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Morais Mariana , Couvert Philippe , Jéru Isabelle , Machado Mariana Verdelho
Published: August 2022

A 42-year-old man with no relevant past medical history presented with intermittent mild icterus and no signs of chronic liver disease. Laboratory tests were notable for hyperbilirubinemia (total 7.97 mg/dL, direct 5.37 mg/dL), bilirubinuria, no signs of hemolysis, normal liver tests and lipids profile. Abdominal ultrasound was unremarkable. A panel of chronic liver diseases was negative except for increased serum (147.4 μg/dL) and urinary (179 μg/24 h) copper, with normal ceruloplasmin. No other Leipzig criteria for Wilson’s disease were found, including a negative test for ATP7B gene mutations (by exome sequencing). Total urinary coproporphyrin was normal with predominance of isomer I (86% of total urinary coproporphyrin output). Clinical and laboratorial profile was compatible with Dubin-Johnson syndrome; however, exome sequencing and search for deletions in the ABBC2 gene (encoding MRP2) only found a heterozygous potentially pathogenic variant (c.1483A>G – p.Lys495Glu). Additional extended molecular analysis of genes implicated in bilirubin metabolism found a homozygous deletion of a region encompassing exons 4–16 of SLCO1B3 gene (encoding OATP1B3) and all SLCO1B1 exons (encoding OATP1B1), thereby establishing Rotor syndrome diagnosis. Rotor and Dubin-Johnson syndromes are rare autosomal recessive liver diseases characterized by chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, caused by the absence of the hepatic function OATP1B1/B3 (leading to impaired hepatic bilirubin reuptake and storage) and MRP2 transporters (leading to impaired hepatic bilirubin excretion), respectively. We report a case of compound hereditary hyperbilirubinemia with a misleading presentation with special focus on its diagnosis, particularly the advantage of extensive unbiased genetic testing by dedicated laboratories. With this case, we aim to highlight the necessity of establishing a diagnosis, reassuring the patient, and avoiding unnecessary invasive and costly diagnostic procedures.
Artificial Intelligence in Allergy and Immunology: Comparing Risk Prediction Models to Help Screen Inborn Errors of Immunity
Authors: Takao Marina Mayumi Vendrame , Carvalho Luiz Sérgio Fernandes , Silva Paula Garcia Pereira , Pereira Maisa Moraes , Viana Ana Carolina , da Silva Marcos Tadeu Nolasco , Riccetto Adriana Gut Lopes
Published: August 2022

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are underdiagnosed disorders, leading to increased morbimortality and expenses for healthcare system. Objectives: The study aimed to develop and compare risk prediction model to measure the individual chance of a confirmed diagnosis of IEI in children at risk for this disorder. Method: Clinical and laboratory data of 128 individuals were used to derive machine learning (ML) and logistic regression risk prediction models, to measure the individual chance of a confirmed diagnosis of IEI in children with suspected disorder, according to previous general pediatrician/clinician judgement. Their performances were compared. Results: Statistically significant variables were mainly leucopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and low levels of immunoglobulins A/G/M. ML models performed better. Conclusion: The enhanced predictive power provided by ML models could be a resource to track IEI, providing better healthcare outcomes.
Abdominal Morphologic Changes in MRI during Gastric Balloon Therapy
Authors: Keßler Rebecca , Glitsch Anne , Hübner Björn , Gärtner Simone , Steveling Antje , Patrzyk Maciej , Keßler Wolfram
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Adiposity and excessive weight are on the rise in western industrialized countries. In cases where conservative measures fail and surgical interventions are not (yet) desired, gastric balloon therapy has proven to be a safe and reversible endoscopic method. Methods: Aside from weight progression under gastric balloon therapy and by using MRI, our research paper describes the behavior of different abdominal body fat compartments at the beginning and at the end of the gastric balloon therapy. Additionally, the volume of the left liver lobe as well as the fill volume and performance of the gastric balloon were analyzed over the duration of treatment. For assessing potential impacts of weight reduction on the muscle mass, we determined the area of the m. psoas on a comparable cross-sectional area at the beginning and at the end of the therapy. Results: We were able to verify a significant reduction of the layer of subcutaneous fat, adipose capsule of the kidney, and intra-abdominal fatty tissue during the therapy. The volume of the left liver lobe was shrinking in addition to a muscle loss during the balloon therapy. The volume of the gastric balloon remained stable (not hyperinflation). There were variable gas bubbles in the gastric balloon. Conclusion: The gastric balloon is a temporary and successful option for weight reduction by reducing body fat, liver volume, but also muscle mass.
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates the Phenotype of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Through Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Elkholey Khaled , Niewiadomska Monika , Morris Lynsie , Whyte Seabrook , Houser Jeremy , Humphrey Mary Beth , Stavrakis Stavros
Published: August 2022

Background:

A systemic proinflammatory state plays a central role in the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Low-level transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (LLTS) suppresses inflammation in animals and humans, mediated by an α7nAchR (alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)-dependent pathway. We examined the effects of LLTS on cardiac function, inflammation, and fibrosis in the presence of α7nAchR pharmacological blockade in a rat model of HFpEF.

Methods:

Dahl salt-sensitive rats at 7 weeks of age were treated with high-salt diet for 6 weeks to induce HFpEF, followed by 4 weeks of (1) LLTS, (2) LLTS with the α7nAchR blocker methyllycaconitine, (3) sham, and (4) olmesartan. Blood pressure, cardiac function by echocardiography, heart rate variability, and serum cytokines were measured at 13 and 17 weeks of age. Cardiac fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and gene expression were determined at 17 weeks.

Results:

LLTS attenuated the increase in blood pressure; improved cardiac function; decreased inflammatory cytokines, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis; and improved survival compared with other groups. Methyllycaconitine attenuated these effects, whereas olmesartan did not improve cardiac function or fibrosis despite maintaining similar blood pressure as LLTS. Heart rate variability was similarly improved in the LLTS and LLTS plus methyllycaconitine groups but remained low in the other groups. LLTS reversed the dysregulated inflammatory signaling pathways in HFpEF hearts.

Conclusions:

Neuromodulation with LLTS improved cardiac function in a rat model of HFpEF through its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. These results provide the basis for further clinical trials in humans.
Comparison of Unguided De-Escalation Versus Guided Selection of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Fujisaki Tomohiro , Shoji Satoshi , Sahashi Yuki , Tsugawa Yusuke , Iwagami Masao , Takagi Hisato , Briasoulis Alexandros , Deharo Pierre , Cuisset Thomas , Latib Azeem , Kohsaka Shun , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: August 2022

Background:

The benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for reducing ischemic events is greatest in the early period of acute coronary syndrome, and recent randomized controlled trials have investigated the unguided de-escalation strategy of changing potent P2Y
12
inhibitors to less potent or reduced-dose P2Y
12
inhibitors 1 month after acute coronary syndrome. However, it remains unclear which strategy is more effective and safer: the uniform unguided de-escalation strategy versus the personalized guided selection of DAPT with genotype or platelet function tests.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were searched for articles published from database inception to September 10, 2021. Randomized controlled trials investigating DAPT using clopidogrel, low-dose prasugrel, standard-dose prasugrel, ticagrelor, unguided de-escalation strategy, and guided selection strategy for patients with acute coronary syndrome were included. Hazard ratios and relative risk estimates were extracted from each study. The estimates were pooled using a random-effects network meta-analysis. The primary efficacy outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The primary safety outcome was major or minor bleeding. Secondary outcomes were all-cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, stent thrombosis, and major bleeding.

Results:

This study included 19 randomized controlled trials with 69 746 patients. Compared with guided selection of DAPT, unguided de-escalation of DAPT was associated with a decreased risk of the primary safety outcome (hazard ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.33–0.72]) without increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.53–1.28]) or any secondary outcomes. The results were similar when the guided selection strategy was divided into platelet function–guided and genotype-guided strategies.

Conclusions:

Compared with guided selection of DAPT, unguided de-escalation of DAPT decreased bleeding without increasing ischemic events in patients after acute coronary syndrome. If a strategy of de-escalation is chosen, these findings do not support the routine use of personalized guiding tests.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42021273082.
Validation of two novel primers for the promising amplification of the mitogenomic Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding region in Artemia aff. sinica (Branchiopoda, Anostraca)
Authors: Asem Alireza , Fu Chun-Zheng , Yang Ning , Eimanifar Amin , Cao Ying , Wang Pei-Zheng , Shen Chun-Yang
Published: August 2022

Due to the lack of a taxonomic key for the identification of Artemia species, molecular markers have been increasingly used for phylogenetic studies. The mtCOI marker is a regularly considered marker for the molecular systematics of Artemia populations. The proposed universal and specific primers have mostly failed to amplify the Artemia aff. sinica mtCOI marker, and on the whole, the successfully amplified products of the PCR were inefficient, primarily through the representation of poly-peak or incomplete sequences. We presumed that if a forward primer could be developed regarding the joint regions of the last part of the previous gene (tRNATyr) and the beginning of the target gene mtCOI, the sequence could be relevant to the target-sequence of mtCOI. Thus, here, we describe a new set of primers, which could be used to amplify the mtCOI barcoding region of Artemia aff. sinica Cai, 1989, with a high performance of sequencing. The new primer set worked well also for other Artemia bisexual species, as well as for parthenogenetic populations. It is recommended that joint regions between the previous/next gene(s) and the target marker, could be aimed at when designing specific primers for other markers and taxa.
Promotion of Cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the Tanzania’s Chama Cha Mapinduzi in the New Era
Authors: Li Guaiqiong
Published: August 2022

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has put forward new thoughts, new ideas and new measures to guide the Party’s international work. The Communist Party of China (CPC) takes the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议) as the starting point and the construction of ‘Community with Shared Future for Mankind’ (“人类命运共同体”) as the strategic goal to carry out the party’s diplomacy. At the same time, the proposal for a ‘China-Africa Community with a Shared Future’ (“中非命运共同体”) also puts forward new requirements for Sino-African political party exchanges. As a political party with the longest ruling time in Africa, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) has a long history of friendly exchanges with the CPC. The long-standing inter-party relations between CPC and CCM is the political guarantee of Sino-Tanzanian friendship as well as an important part of Sino-Africa political party cooperation. Even before the CCM was founded, the CPC has started exchanges with TANU, CCM’s predecessor, after that, relations between CCM and CPC have gone through different stages, with some new contents and features appearing in each stage. From Mao Zedong’s Three Worlds Theory to Deng Xiaoping’s judgment on the theme of ‘Peace and Development’ and then to Xi Jinping’s ‘Community with Shared Future for Mankind’. In 2017, with Xi Jinping’s announcement at the 19th National Congress of the CPC that Socialism with Chinese Characteristics has entered a new era, the CPC’s foreign exchanges has also entered a new era, so has the inter-party exchanges between the CPC and CCM. In view of the fact that the initiator and advocate of world party diplomacy is the CPC, this article will take the perspective of the CPC and the Chinese official narrative to analyze the new tasks and opportunities facing the cooperation between CPC and CCM in the new era, especially in the complicated international context of a world undergoing changes unseen in a century.
A new genus and species of subfamily Dendrothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from India
Authors: PAL SHASH , KUMAR VIKAS , PANJALIYA RAKESH KUMAR , TYAGI KAOMUD
Published: August 2022

Jammuthrips paikulensis gen. et sp. n. is described from Jammu & Kashmir, Union territory of India and the morphological relationships among the closely related genera of subfamily Dendrothripinae are discussed. Key to Indian genera of subfamily Dendrothripinae is provided. Two DNA barcodes of new species were generated and submitted to The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD).
Association Between Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Their Ratio With the Pulse Wave Velocity in Adults From the ELSA-Brasil Study
Authors: Lelis Deborah de Farias , Cunha Roberto S. , Santos Raul D. , Sposito Andrei C. , Griep Rosane Härter , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Molina Maria del Carmen B. , Schmidt Maria Inês , Duncan Bruce B. , Bensenor Isabela , Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Mill José Geraldo , Baldo Marcelo Perim
Published: August 2022

Atherogenic dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL-C) ratio with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), a marker of vascular stiffness. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical data from 13,732 adults were used to assess this association. Individuals within the third TG/HDL-C tertile presented worse anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical profiles as compared with the participants in the lower TG/HDL-C tertile. There was a linear association between TG, HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C ratio and cf-PWV in both men and women (stronger in women). After adjustment for confounders, lower levels of HDL-C were associated with increased cf-PWV in men (9.63 ± .02 m/s) and women (8.90 ± .03 m/s). However, TG was not significantly associated with cf-PWV after adjustment, regardless of sex. An increased TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with higher cf-PWV only in women (9.01 ± .03 m/s), but after adjustment for HDL-C levels, the association was non-significant (8.99 ± .03 m/s). These results highlight the stronger association of HDL-C with arterial stiffness, and that the association of TG/HDL-C with cf-PWV is dependent on HDL-C.
An Examination of the Psychology of Working Theory With Employed Asian American Women
Authors: Choi Na-Yeun , Kim Young Hwa , Evans Christopher A.
Published: August 2022

Guided by the psychology of working theory (PWT) and an intersectional approach, the present study investigated how social class and gendered racial microaggression were associated with decent work through experiences of work volition in a sample of 262 self-identified employed Asian American women. Overall, most of the hypothesized direct paths were significant, with social class positively relating to work volition, gendered racial microaggression negatively related to decent work, and work volition positively related to decent work. Support for indirect effects was mixed. Work volition was found to significantly mediate the relation between social class to decent work, but not significantly mediate between gendered racial microaggression to decent work. Overall, results suggest the need for further investigation and refinement of the PWT to gain a better understanding of Asian American women's experience regarding accessibility to decent work. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed.
Composite error-based intelligent smooth sliding mode control of a dual parallel robot for automobile electro-coating conveying
Authors: Gao Guoqin , Zhong Junwen , Ye Mengyang
Published: August 2022

Different coating technological requirements of automobile electro-coating control system have different desired trajectories. For a dual parallel robot used for automobile electro-coating conveying (DPRAEC), an intelligent tracking smooth sliding mode synchronization control method (ITSSMSC) is proposed to achieve better tracking control performance with high synchronization and flexibility for the system under different desired trajectories. According to the dual parallel and symmetrical structure of the robot, the sliding surface is designed based on a composite error. A deep neural network with multi-hidden layer is trained by deep learning algorithms. Then, any given trajectories caused by different coating technological requirements could be tracked without tuning additional parameters and the synchronous performance could be guaranteed. The convergence of the network training process and the stability of the ITSSMSC are proved theoretically. Compared with the synchronization proportion-derivative control, the sliding mode control based on constant velocity reaching law without synchronization control and the smooth sliding mode synchronization control without training, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Compared with synchronization proportion-derivative control, the maximum tracking errors of constant velocity reaching law without synchronization control among each active joint are, respectively, reduced 92.2%, 94.7%, 98.8%. The maximum tracking errors of smooth sliding mode synchronization control and ITSSMSC in [Formula: see text] direction are, respectively, 9.06×10−5m and 1.01×10−9m. The maximum tracking errors of smooth sliding mode synchronization control and ITSSMSC in [Formula: see text] angle are, respectively, 4.50×10−3rad and 1.45×10−4rad. Therefore, the proposed control method could improve the tracking control performance and synchronization performance simultaneously under different desired trajectories.
Looking for Guidance? Five Principles for Leveraging Tensions in Corporate–Startup Collaboration
Authors: Varesco Kager Nora , Sparr Jennifer L. , Grote Gudela
Published: August 2022

Corporate–startup collaboration (CSC) allows the co-development of innovations for pressing societal needs. Paradoxically, CSC is both fueled and challenged by diverging interests and approaches of the unequal actors. We apply a paradox lens to better understand the complex collaborative demands of CSC from the perspective of the corporate actors involved. Over the course of three years, we conducted 52 contextualized semi-structured interviews in a corporate-sponsored accelerator pursuing sustainability improvements. We identify five CSC paradoxes, which we translate into guiding principles for managing such paradoxes with a both/and mindset. Further, we show how these guiding principles help to address interdependencies between the CSC paradoxes. By disentangling the inherently paradoxical nature of the collaborative demands, we contribute to a fuller theoretical understanding of how organizational actors can manage these demands. We encourage companies engaging in CSC to use the guiding principles for empowering organizational actors’ understanding and approaches to CSC paradoxes.
Spatial Ensemble Anomaly Detection Method for Exhaustive Map-Based Datasets
Authors: Liu Wendi , Pyrcz Michael J
Published: August 2022

Spatial anomaly detection is an essential part of subsurface data quality control and modeling for resources, e.g., groundwater aquifer, hydrocarbon resources, and mining mineral grades, along with environmental remediation. Efficiently identifying spatial local anomalous regions is important for detecting changes in subsurface population and data acquisition artifacts. Advanced data analytics and machine learning methods may be applied, but often omit essential spatial context with the additional cost of reduced interpretability. Considering the high cost of the risk in subsurface resource exploration, it is essential to maximize the integration of domain expertise. Our proposed method is an ensemble anomaly detection method that calculates the local anomaly probability based on the joint probability density space derived from the semivariogram model. The ensemble approach of our proposed method utilizes multiple local anomaly classifications calculated over a moving search window around each grid of a 2D map or 3D model. The anomalous regions are eventually decided based on the majority rule of the ensemble anomaly classifiers. We demonstrate the proposed method with 3 synthetic exhaustive, map-based, spatial datasets to cover different scenarios for spatial anomaly applications. The proposed ensemble anomaly detection method integrates domain expertise, spatial continuity, and scale of interest. We suggest using the proposed method as an automated tool to effectively identify the spatial local anomalies, based on the rigorous use of spatial continuity and volume variance from geostatistics, to focus professional time.
Algorithm metadata vocabulary: A representational model and metadata vocabulary for describing and maintaining algorithms
Authors: Dutta Biswanath , Patel Jyotima
Published: August 2022

Metadata vocabularies are used in various domains of study. It provides an in-depth description of the resources. In this work, we develop algorithm metadata vocabulary (AMV), a vocabulary for capturing and storing the metadata about the algorithms (a procedure or a set of rules that is followed step-by-step to solve a problem, especially by a computer). The snag faced by the researchers in the current time is the failure of getting relevant results when searching for algorithms in any search engine. The designed vocabulary can be used by the algorithm repository developers, managers, and application developers. Besides, AMV is represented as a semantic model and produced OWL file, and it can be directly used by anyone interested to create and publish algorithm metadata as a knowledge graph, or to provide metadata service through the SPARQL endpoint. To design the vocabulary, we propose a well-defined methodology, which considers factual issues faced by the algorithm users and the practitioners. The evaluation shows promising results.
Organizing for Social and Institutional Change in Response to Disruption, Division, and Displacement: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Creed W. E. Douglas , Gray Barbara , Höllerer Markus A. , Karam Charlotte M. , Reay Trish
Published: August 2022

In this editorial for our Special Issue, we focus on ways to better understand the role of organizations, organizing, and the organized during social and institutional change in response to disruption, division, and displacement. The papers in this Special Issue provide important insights into the hardships and heartache arising from social disruption, division, and displacement; in addition, they provide glimpses into potential ways of moving forward. To set the stage, we develop a framework building on extant literature that highlights several analytic approaches to understanding the consequences of eroding, or inadequate, institutions, the challenges of building anew when the status quo is destroyed, and what such novel and complex realities entail for organizational analysis. We offer a temporal view of responses to disruption, division, and displacement that draws on the papers in this Special Issue to identify and explain potential risks and challenges that arise at different points in time. To conclude, we provide a short summary of each paper, and call for a reinvigorated research agenda that goes beyond the excellent work featured here by broadening and deepening our focus on approaches to organizing that expressly address disruption, division, and displacement.
Restarting Therapeutic Antibiotics Following Postoperative Prophylaxis in Head and Neck Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Plonowska‐Hirschfeld Karolina A. , Zebolsky Aaron L. , Lindeborg Michael M. , McNeill Christian , Knott P. Daniel , Seth Rahul , Park Andrea M. , Heaton Chase M.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine factors associated with restarting therapeutic antibiotics within 30 days of head and neck microvascular free tissue transfer (HN‐MFTT).

Study Design

Retrospective study of consecutive HN‐MFTTs performed from January 2015 to July 2020.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Methods

Thirty‐day postoperative antibiotic use and post–HN‐MFTT surgical and medical complications were assessed. Univariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate risk factors associated with restarting antibiotics.

Results

overall 482 patients with 501 HN‐MFTTs were stratified by duration of prophylaxis: ≤24 hours (n = 136, 27.1%), 25‐72 hours (n = 54, 10.8%), and >72 hours (n = 311, 62.1%). Antibiotics were restarted in 199 patients (209 procedures, 42%). The most common indications for antibiotic reinitiation were flap recipient site infection (n = 59, 28%); hospital‐acquired pneumonia (n = 44, 21%); and wound dehiscence, fluctuance, or change in quality of drain output (n = 44, 21%). Shorter antibiotic prophylaxis (≤24 hours) (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% CI, 1.2‐3.0; P = .003), osteocutaneous flaps (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.3‐3.4; P = .001), and prior immunotherapy/chemotherapy (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.2‐4.3; P = .01) were associated with reinitiation of antibiotics for surgical infections. Restarting antimicrobials for nosocomial infections was associated with aerodigestive defects (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.1‐5.2; P = .019), cardiovascular disease (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.5‐5.9; P = .001), and medical comorbidities approximated by American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 or 4 (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.5‐5.4; P = .002).

Conclusion

Aerodigestive reconstruction, 24‐hour postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis, American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 and 4, prior chemotherapy/immunotherapy, cardiovascular disease, and osteocutaneous flaps are associated with reinitiation of antibiotics within 30 days of HN‐MFTT.
Association between sagittal spinal alignment and mechanical complications after primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Susanna Hiltunen , Jussi Repo , Teemu Karjalainen , Kati Kyrölä
Published: August 2022

Objective

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) affects pelvic posture and spinal alignment. These postural changes may further predispose patients to mechanical complications (MCs) after THA. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to investigate whether any high-quality studies have assessed the association between sagittal spinal alignment and MCs after primary THA.

Methods

Inclusion criteria for studies were adult patients (age ≥18 years), primary THA, pre- and postoperative spinopelvic standing sagittal radiographs acquired preoperatively and at a minimum of 6-month follow-up, measurements of spinopelvic parameters, and reporting of possible MCs after THA. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Results

Six articles met the inclusion criteria. Although several studies confirmed the importance of spinal alignment when planning THA, these mainly investigated pelvic mobility as a risk factor for THA dislocation. Radiological follow-up imaging practices varied, and studies focused on different individual spinopelvic parameters.

Conclusion

Based on our study findings, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the association between sagittal spinal alignment and MCs after primary THA. Further research is needed to improve our knowledge of the connection between MCs after THA and sagittal spinal alignment.
Spectral edge frequency during general anaesthesia: A narrative literature review
Authors: Jildenstål Pether , Bäckström Amanda , Hedman Klara , Warrén-Stomberg Margareta
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have attempted to determine the depth of anaesthesia with different anaesthetic agents using electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements with variable success. Measuring depth of anaesthesia is confounded by the complexity of the EEG and the fact that different agents create different pattens. A narrative review was undertaken to examine the available research evidence on the effect and reliability of spectral edge frequency (SEF) for assessing the depth of anaesthesia in adult patients under general anaesthesia. A systematic search of the PubMed®, Scopus®, CINAHL and Cochrane databases identified six randomized controlled trials and five observational studies. The findings of these studies suggest that SEF varies according to the anaesthetic drugs used. Remifentanil and age are two factors that can affect SEF, while other opioids and benzodiazepine (administered separately) seem to have no effect. No patients experienced intraoperative awareness. However, this does not indicate that SEF can provide full protection against it and the number of articles in which intraoperative awareness was studied was too small to afford any certainty. None of the studies demonstrated a reliable SEF interval associated with adequate general anaesthesia. SEF must be adapted to the anaesthetic drug used, the patient’s age and state while under general anaesthesia.
The transition to grandparenthood: No consistent evidence for change in the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction
Authors: Krämer Michael D , van Scheppingen Manon A , Chopik William J. , Richter David
Published: August 2022

Intergenerational relations have received close attention in the context of population aging and increased childcare provision by grandparents. However, few studies have investigated the psychological consequences of becoming a grandparent. In a preregistered test of grandparenthood as a developmental task in middle and older adulthood, we used representative panel data from the Netherlands ( N = 563) and the United States ( N = 2210) to analyze first-time grandparents’ personality and life satisfaction development. We tested gender, employment, and grandchild care as moderators. To address confounding, we employed propensity score matching using two procedures: matching grandparents with parents and nonparents to achieve balance in different sets of carefully selected covariates. Multilevel models demonstrated mean-level stability of the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction over the transition to grandparenthood, and no consistent moderation effects—contrary to the social investment principle. The few small effects of grandparenthood on personality development did not replicate across samples. We found no evidence of larger inter-individual differences in change in grandparents compared to the controls or of lower rank-order stability. Our findings add to recent critical re-examinations of the social investment principle and are discussed in light of characteristics that might moderate grandparents’ personality development.
Augmented Renal Clearance in the Hematology and Oncology Populations: A Scoping Review for Pharmacists
Authors: Nelson Nicholas R. , Mendoza Chelsea , Rhoney Denise H.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Until recently, interest in renal function has focused on impairment to limit drug toxicity and increase medication safety. Augmented renal clearance (ARC) has been increasingly studied in multiple patient populations, including oncology, and could lead to decreased drug efficacy from faster elimination resulting in subtherapeutic concentrations. This scoping review sought to summarize ARC literature in cancer and identify areas of research to better inform pharmacy practitioners.

Data Sources

Electronic databases were searched for English articles related to augmented/enhanced renal function/clearance following a framework for scoping reviews.

Data Synthesis

Fourteen articles were analyzed, divided according to article objective: descriptive studies or ARC’s impact on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. ARC was most defined as creatinine clearance >130 mL/min/1.73 m2, reported in 10%-100% of patients. Febrile neutropenia in adult and pediatric patients, and age <50-65 years, hematologic malignancy, and lower serum creatinine in adult patients were notable risk factors for ARC. The impact of ARC has only been evaluated with antimicrobial agents consistently resulting in lower than anticipated trough levels. Identified gaps include: elucidation of ARC’s mechanism and associated biomarkers, an inclusive ARC definition for relative renal enhancement, and study of additional drug classes to ascertain the breadth of ARC impact on drug therapy.

Conclusions

ARC is proving to be a frequent phenomenon in patients with cancer which pharmacists could play a vital role. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of ARC in patient care and a potential need to stage ARC based on degree of renal enhancement to establish specific drug dosing recommendations.
Insight into the use of ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte for super capacitor application
Authors: Bello Usman Yusuf , Kumar Sushant , Singh Pramod K , Kakroo Sunanda , Madkhli Aysh Y , Singh Shruti , Faiz Norrahim Mohd N , Singh Abhimanyu
Published: August 2022

In this study, we are presenting the recent progress toward PEO-based polymer electrolytes doped with low viscosity ionic liquids with a strong emphasis on ionic liquid doped-in polymer electrolytes for energy storage applications, particularly towards electric double layer capacitors. The reliable transmission mechanism suggested by previous researchers to address the increasing trend in transport properties is ascertained with a sharp sense of the presence of different concentrations of interaction, i.e. polymer ionic liquid was also presented in detail.
ROS-based remote control of industrial robot joystick
Authors: Yang Shuangxu , Wang Shaofeng , Huang Shunzhou
Published: August 2022

This study is interested in how to remotely control the industrial robot with a joystick. Thus, a robotic remote control system was designed. The developed system solved two key problems. One is to realize the information exchange between robot operating system (ROS) and control cabinet. A new application program interface (API) was developed to carry out the secondary development of industrial robots. Ethernet connection was used to exchange system data and the communication delay is less than 10 ms. The other is to improve the robot operation efficiency. Because of the joystick’s unique operation mode, the robot motion operation can be realized efficiently and reliably through a joystick as an external input device of ROS. Finally, the validating experiments were carried out to compare the work efficiency of robot manipulation using joystick, jogging keys and 6D Mouse. The comparison results demonstrates that the operation efficiency using joystick can be increased by at least 20% compared to using jogging keys and 6D Mouse.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women from Durban, South Africa
Authors: Mabaso Nonkululeko , Ngobese Bongekile , Tinarwo Partson , Abbai Nathlee
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The Sub–Saharan African region has some of the world’s highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These infections are considered a major public health concern. Previous studies on the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in Sub-Saharan Africa have reported rates ranging from 3.1% to 36.8% in pregnant women. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with C. trachomatis infection in pregnant women.

Methods

This study included 735 stored clinical samples that were collected from pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban from 2018 -2021. C. trachomatis was detected using the Applied BiosystemsTM TaqMan® Assays from stored DNA samples.

Results

A total of 81/735 (11%) samples tested positive for C. trachomatis infection. The overall median (Q1-Q3) age of the women was 29.0 years (24.0–35.0). The majority of the women who tested positive for C. trachomatis were younger, median (Q1-Q3) age 26.0 years (23.0–32.0) vs 30.0 years (25.0–35.0) for the negative women ( p < .001). Of the positive women, 96.3% were unmarried ( p=0.014). Older women were less likely to test positive for C. trachomatis infection (OR: 0.93; 95% CI 0.89–0.96 p = .001). Women who were married (OR: 0.25; 95% CI 0.06–0.70; p = .022), co-habiting with their partner (OR: 0.60; 95% CI 0.36–0.98; p = .048) and started having sex at older than 15 years (OR:0.26; 95% CI 0.09–0.87; p = .018) were less likely to test positive for C. trachomatis compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion

This study showed that behavioural and clinical factors were associated with prevalent infections. In order to reduce prevalent infections, stronger risk reduction counselling messages need to be provided from the educational and public health sector.
Feminism and Counter-Trafficking: Exploring the Transformative Potential of Contemporary Feminism in Portugal
Authors: Clemente Mara
Published: August 2022

Focusing on the Portuguese case, this article explores the role of feminism in counter-trafficking. Through analysing feminist discourse on human trafficking, the article interrogates feminism's ability and its limitations in challenging or reinforcing some of the most controversial policy outcomes. The article argues that, due to a structural weakness within feminism itself and the profound institutionalisation of counter-trafficking, any possibility of challenging dominant discourses on trafficking remains a distant dream. Rather, counter-trafficking attempts ultimately help create a controversial neoliberal space that strains feminism's transformative potential while simultaneously strengthening bureaucratic state feminism.
Cybersecurity, race, and the politics of truth
Authors: Whyte Jeffrey
Published: August 2022

This article explores the racial politics underwriting cybersecurity’s recent human turn toward the issues of online disinformation and ‘foreign influence’ in US politics. Through a case study of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, this article’s first half considers how contemporary cybersecurity has produced ‘racial division’ as an object of security by framing the BLM movement as a geopolitical vulnerability open to foreign manipulation through social media. In its emphasis on the political protest as a site of insecurity, I argue that contemporary cybersecurity has widened its traditional spatiality ‘beyond the computer’. In the article’s second half, I argue that the racialization of cybersecurity has underwritten a politics of truth ultimately concerned less with parsing true from false, and more with defining the boundaries of secure political knowledge and communication. I argue that contemporary cybersecurity has produced an idealized subject for whom an obligation to possess contingent forms of knowledge becomes a condition of secure political subjectivity. I conclude with a critique of contemporary cybersecurity’s tendency to portray dissident political movements like BLM as ignorant or disinformed.
Book review: A. Rukadikar and M. P. Rukadikar. Mental Disorders and You
Authors: Singh Amit
Published: August 2022

A. Rukadikar and M. P. Rukadikar. Mental Disorders and You, 2nd edn. (816 pp.; ₹900.0). A. Rukadikar: Miraj; 2021.
Development of a Scale to Measure Psychosocial Risks and Protective Factors in Adolescents
Authors: Ashmitha Praballa , Annalakshmi Narayanan
Published: August 2022

Background:

Resilience among adolescents can best be understood by examining the risk and protective factors in the lives of at-risk adolescents. A standardized tool to identify adolescent psychosocial risk and protective factors may help better understand the strengths, vulnerabilities, and the potential for resilience among adolescents. Hence, the present study aims to identify and measure the risk and protective factors in the lives of adolescents.

Methods:

A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was used to develop a tool that measures risk and protective factors among adolescents. The qualitative study explored psychosocial risk and protective factors among high-risk adolescents using 4 major domains: individual, family, school, and community. To develop the tool, prisoners (N = 12), caregivers of the prisoners’ children (N = 12), teachers of the prisoners’ children (N = 12), and prison authorities (N = 12) were interviewed about their experiences with prisoners’ children. The interview data were analyzed, and items reflecting the risk and protective factors in the lives of the adolescent children of incarcerated parents were generated. The item pool consisting of 239 items was administered to a sample of 312 rural adolescent students. To validate the risk factors scale and protective factors scale, self-report scales measuring behavior problems, adjustment, well-being, and positivity were used.

Results:

The new tool developed to measure the risk and protective factors for adolescent psychosocial development was found to have adequate test-retest reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and divergent validity.

Conclusion:

In this study, a scale to identify psychosocial risk and protective factors was developed and standardized. The tool will be helpful to psychologists and counselors working with adolescents to understand the risks and protective factors present in their lives and design interventions to nurture resilience in them.