bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis confirmatorio de la Escala de Autoevaluación Breve de Bienestar y Autonomía en Adultos Mayores de Coahuila y Yucatán, México*
Authors: González Tovar José , Carrillo Cervantes Ana Laura , Yam Sosa Antonio
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio de la Escala de Bienestar y Autonomía específica para adultos mayores en dos muestras mexicanas, lo que permitió determinar la validez del constructo medido. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal con alcances explicativos. Se analizó una muestra incidental de 895 adultos mayores, de los cuales 59.8 % eran habitantes de la ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila, México y 40.2 % de Tizimín, Yucatán, México. Se utilizó la Escala de Autoevaluación Breve de Bienestar y Autonomía para Adultos Mayores. Se procesó el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, Paralelo y Confirmatorio con el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados, además de obtener la confiabilidad y los estadísticos descriptivos de las dimensiones. La estructura que se identificó presentó indicadores de ajuste estadístico adecuado. Originalmente, la estructura consideraba dos dimensiones: la autonomía y el bienestar, sin embargo, los resultados mostraron la separación en tres dimensiones de la medición de bienestar.
Efectividad de una intervención cognitivo-conductual para dejar de fumar combinada con vareniclina
Authors: Lira-Mandujano Jennifer , Rosales García María , Míguez Varela M. Carmen , Cruz- Morales Sara Eugenia
Published: December 2020

Diferentes investigaciones han evidenciado que el tratamiento con vareniclina es efectivo para dejar de fumar cuando se combina con un tratamiento psicológico. Sin embargo, existe una carencia de estudios respecto a cuánta efectividad aporta la vareniclina al tratamiento psicológico. El objetivo del presente estudio piloto fue evaluar si la efectividad de una intervención psicológica cognitivo-conductual incrementa con la inclusión de la vareniclina. La muestra de este estudio la conformaron 22 fumadores (M edad = 30.5;DE = 15.4 años), con un consumo diario promedio de 12.29 (DE= 5.7) cigarrillos. Cada participante eligió una de dos intervenciones: 11 fumadores recibieron la Intervención Breve Motivacional para Dejar de Fumar (IBMDF) y 11 la misma intervención más vareniclina. Los resultados indican que no hay diferencias significativas entre las intervenciones. Así, la inclusión de la vareniclina no incrementó la efectividad de la intervención psicológica. Las conclusiones de este estudio deben ser tomadas con cautela debido al tamaño de la muestra, por lo tanto, es necesario aumentar las investigaciones al respecto.
Enseñanza de psicoterapia en la profesión médica en el Perú
Authors: Valle Rubén , Perales Alberto
Published: December 2020

La psicoterapia busca modificar la conducta anormal y promover conductas normales por medios psicológicos y actitudinales, así como de experiencias correctivas. Su utilidad está plasmada en guías de práctica clínica que la ubican dentro de las primeras líneas de tratamiento de los trastornos mentales. En Perú, los médicos son capacitados en psicoterapia en el pregrado de medicina y en el residentado de psiquiatría. Sin embargo, se reportan algunos problemas en su enseñanza. En el pregrado, solo algunas escuelas de medicina brindan clases de psicoterapia, y aquellas que lo hacen, invierten pocas horas de enseñanza. En el residentado de psiquiatría, algunos residentes reportan no llevar clases teóricas o prácticas que le permitan aplicar psicoterapia de soporte. Adicionalmente, los programas de postgrado en psicoterapia, aparte del residentado de psiquiatría, son escasos. El manuscrito analiza la capacitación en psicoterapia en la profesión médica, y propone una estructura de enseñanza según etapas de estudios.
Evaluación para la producción de Azotobacter sp. promotor de crecimiento para cultivos de Coffea arabica
Authors: Zavala Jesus , Alcarraz Mario , Julian Jean
Published: December 2020

Los biofertilizantes son microorganismos que aumentan la productividad y sanidad de los cultivos, ayudan a fijar nitrógeno, solubilizar fosfatos, producción de sideróforos y fitohormonas. Existe una gran población de microorganismos que ayudan a fertilizar los suelos, entre ellos el género Azotobacter. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de parámetros para una producción potencial de Azotobacter sp a gran escala. Se procesaron un total de 15 muestras de suelos provenientes de la provincia de Rioja, región de San Martín, Perú, para el aislamiento de bacterias del género Azotobacter y se midieron las capacidades de fijación de nitrógeno, producción de fitohormonas e índice de solubilización de fosfatos. La mejor cepa promotora de crecimiento fue cultivada en condiciones batch para evaluar los parámetros de producción. Se aislaron 18 cepas correspondientes al género Azotobacter de las cuales las cepas 1I y 1F resultaron con mejores promedios para la fijación de nitrógeno con 2.0496 mgL-1, 1.428 mgL-1 respectivamente, la cepa 1F mejor productora de fitohormona logrando 54.972 mgL-1, seguida de la cepa 1G con 52.526 mgL-1, el mayor índice de solubilización de fosfatos fue de 3.0 correspondiente a la cepa 1F. Se concluye que la mejor cepa promotora de crecimiento es la F1 y los parámetros optimizados para la producción a escala corresponden a 120 RPM, pH 7, a 30 °C y 1VVM donde se logra una mayor velocidad específica de crecimiento (µmax) en comparación con las otras combinaciones de variables.
El turismo de los Millennials; Airbnb y la economía colaborativa
Authors: Fonseca Saldaña Ricardo Rolando , Estela Estela Adán Humberto
Published: December 2020

Los viajes que realizan los turistas han cambiado en los últimos años. El avance tecnológico impulsa la competitividad y da inicio a modelos de negocios, plataformas e intercambios conocidos como economía colaborativa. Airbnb es una plataforma web preferida por usuarios que desean alquilar un espacio a viajeros que buscan alojamiento, esto por la flexibilidad de precios en comparación con los hoteles. Airbnb es un negocio que aumenta a pesar de la desconfianza de hospedar a extraños. Los millennials constituyen los nuevos viajeros en busca de nuevas experiencias y de espacios con conexiones. Son viajeros que responden a cambios con opciones económicas de predios con espacios compartidos de manera responsable. Esto a su vez desarrolla una economía local saludable y beneficia a comercios que derivan del turismo. Los millennials planifican sus viajes de turismo por medio de sus dispositivos móviles, mezclan viajes de negocios y de placer relacionados con la aventura y naturaleza dando importancia a comentarios en las redes sociales originado la economía colaborativa.
Utilidad del método de Carrea para estimar la estatura real en individuos peruanos
Authors: Moreno-Sánchez Marcia Alejandra , Caballero-Cornejo Hugo Humberto , Suárez-Canlla Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2020

Objetivo. Determinar la utilidad del método de Carrea para la estimación de la talla o estatura. Métodos. Enfoque cuantitativo de diseño observacional y trasversal. La muestra ascendió a 188 estudiantes (84 mujeres, 104 varones) con sus respectivos modelos de estudio cuya edad promedio fue 21,07 años. Se determinó la estatura real y estimada por medio del tallímetro y el método Carrea respectivamente para establecer la diferencia absoluta entre la talla real y estimada con el fin de determinar – por medio del estadístico t de Student para muestras independientes – si esta diferencia resultaba significativa. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue utilizado para determinar la fuerza de concordancia entre la talla real y estimada. Resultados. La diferencia entre el promedio de la estatura real y el promedio de la estatura estimada fue de 4,4 centímetros. La diferencia absoluta promedio entre la estatura real y la estatura estimada fue de 6,9 centímetros. El estadístico t de Student para muestras independientes encontró que la estatura estimada difiere significativamente de la estatura real. La fuerza de concordancia entre la estatura real y la estatura estimada fue de 0,791 (ICC = 0,791) ello permitió categorizar a dicha concordancia como buena. Conclusiones. El método de Carrea resulta útil en la estimación de la estatura. Sus limitaciones en términos de exactitud deben tomarse en consideración antes de emitir una conclusión, especialmente si los individuos analizados guardan relación con contextos forenses en los que la identificación juega un papel relevante en el ámbito jurídico y humanitario.
Las humanidades en la formación profesional
Authors: Lolas Stepke Fernando
Published: December 2020

Bajo el término humanidades solía entenderse en el Renacimiento europeo el cultivo de las perfecciones atribuidas a la Antigüedad clásica. Más ampliamente, el término designa aquellas disciplinas y saberes que complementan las actividades lucrativas con sensibilidad estética, conciencia histórica y discernimiento ético.
Detección del virus de la tilapia del lago (TiLV) mediante semi-nested RT-PCR en tilapias cultivadas provenientes de dos regiones del Perú
Authors: Castañeda Vargas Arnaldo Edward , Manuel Feria Manuel , Odalis Toledo Odalis , Castillo Deysy , Cueva Mario , Motte E.
Published: December 2020

El cultivo de la tilapia (Oreochromis sp) se encuentra afectada por brotes con alta mortalidad del virus de la tilapia del lago (TiLV) en las principales regiones de crianza en el Perú. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la presencia del TiLV en dos centros piscícolas de tilapia en Piura y San Martín, que presentaron mortalidades superiores al 60%. Se tomaron muestras (hígado y cerebro) de 70 peces de diferentes fases de cultivo que mostraron letargia, pérdida del apetito, lesiones oculares y erosiones de la piel. La detección y confirmación del TiLV se determinó mediante semi-nested RT-PCR y posterior secuenciación del producto amplificado del segmento 3 del virus. Se encontraron productos del peso esperado (250 pb) correspondientes a muestras de los dos centros de producción. El análisis filogenético demostró una alta homología entre los aislados y una identidad mayor al 90% con la cepa de referencia israelí (KU751816.1).
Dinámica folicular y cuantificación de estradiol durante el ciclo estral de vacas criollas de la raza Blanco Orejinegro
Authors: Narváez Bedoya Héctor Javier , Silva Rojas Andrea Viviana
Published: December 2020

El estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la dinámica folicular y cuantificar los niveles de estradiol durante un ciclo estral en vacas de la raza criolla Blanco Orejinegro. Se seleccionaron 10 vacas que se encontraban ciclando y fueron sometidas a un protocolo de sincronización del estro con la aplicación inicial de un dispositivo intravaginal progesterona (CIDR®) más 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol (día 0 - D0). En el día D8 se retiró el dispositivo y se aplicó 150 µg de cloprostenol (Ciclase DL®). En D9 se administró 1 mg de benzoato de estradiol. Luego de la ovulación se realizaron ecografías cada 24 horas, registrando la dinámica folicular y colectando sangre para la cuantificación del estradiol. La duración del ciclo estral fue de 21.0 ± 0.4 días, los diámetros del folículo ovulatorio fue de 14.3 ± 0.mm 5 y del mayor folículo subordinado de 6.0 ± 0.5 mm, la tasa de crecimiento del folículo dominante durante las 96 horas previas a la ovulación fue de 1.05 ± 0.4 mm/día. En conclusión, la dinámica folicular y hormonal de vacas criollas de la raza Blanco Orejinegro presentan patrones similares a los observados en razas Bos taurus y Bos indicus.
Neumotórax espontáneo en perros: dos casos clínicos
Authors: Ocampo Salas Luis , Escalona Gómez María Odethe , Velázquez Maya Antonio , Del Angel Caraza Javier , Quijano Hernández Israel Alejandro , Barbosa Mireles Marco Antonio
Published: December 2020

Se describen dos casos clinicos de perros jóvenes con signos de distrés respiratorio agudo, sin antecedentes de traumatismos, en los cuales, una vez descartadas otras patologías se llegó a un diagnóstico final de neumotórax espontáneo.
La homogeneización a ultra-alta presión (UHPH)
Authors: Mayta-Hancco Jhony , Trujillo Antonio José , Juan Bibiana
Published: December 2020

La ultra-alta presión de homogenización (UHPH) es una tecnología emergente con aplicaciones en el procesamiento de fluidos. Si bien, esta tecnología se basa en los mismos principios de los homogeneizadores convencionales, los nuevos diseños y uso de materiales de construcción de las válvulas han permitido alcanzar presiones de 350 a 400 MPa. Las ventajas de la UHPH incluyen la reducción del tamaño de partícula, incremento de la vida útil mediante de la inactivación de microorganismos y mejoras en la funcionalidad debido al aumento de la capacidad y estabilidad de la emulsión, con efectos mínimos sobre el valor nutricional y las características sensoriales. Asimismo, los efectos térmicos son menores debido al tiempo de tratamiento (menos de un segundo). La tecnología UHPH es un proceso sostenible que tiene una aplicación potencial en las industrias cosmética, farmacéutica y láctea. En la presente revisión se muestra una visión general de algunos estudios recientes de la aplicación de la tecnología UHPH en el tratamiento de la leche y en la fabricación de quesos.
Validación de un algoritmo de procesamiento de imágenes Red Green Blue (RGB), para la estimación de proteína cruda en gramíneas vs la tecnología de espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano (NIRS)
Authors: Ospina R. Oscar , Anzola Vásquez Héctor , Ayala Duarte Olber , Baracaldo Martínez Andrea
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo estuvo orientado a evaluar la precisión del algoritmo de análisis de imágenes Red, Green, Blue (RGB), incluido en el software TaurusWebs ®, que permite calcular el porcentaje de proteína cruda de la materia seca (%PC) de las gramíneas a partir de imágenes de las praderas tomadas por un dron acoplado con cámaras RGB. Se compararon las mediciones del %PC calculadas por el algoritmo frente a un referente, Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS), del laboratorio de Corpoica (Agrosavia), calibrado para gramíneas. Se tomaron 42 muestras para NIRS, 18 de gramíneas de trópico alto en Cundinamarca: kikuyo, Pennisetum clandestinum; falsa poa, Holcus lanatus; pasto brasilero, Phalaris arundinacea y 24 de trópico bajo en Tolima, Colombia: pangola, Digitaria decumbens; pará, Brachiaria mutica; bermuda, Cynodon dactylon y colosuana, Bothriochloa pertusa. Los resultados del NIRS se compararon contra las evaluaciones hechas con el algoritmo de las imágenes de las gramíneas provenientes del mismo potrero donde se tomaron las muestras. Los resultados fueron comparados usando las pruebas no paramétricas de correlación de Kendall, rho=0.83 y de Kruskal Wallis. No se encontraron diferencias entre el resultado del %PC de las gramíneas medida por NIRS vs el %PC medida por el algoritmo de análisis de imágenes RGB. En conclusión, la información generada con el algoritmo se puede utilizar para trabajos de análisis del %PC en gramíneas.
Nuevamente ¿modernización? El eslabón perdido del desarrollo
Authors: Castillo Ochoa Manuel
Published: December 2020

El ensayo indaga sobre las vicisitudes y dilemas que se encuentra tras la promesa de la modernización que el gobierno actual del Perú viene realizando. Para ello, partiendo de lo que el gobierno actual señala como “ahora sí” llegar a la modernización, recorre, desde la teoría crítica sociológica latinoamericana, los debates del desarrollo. Revisa las propuestas de la teoría de la dependencia y la Decolonialidad del poder y encuentra lo que podría ser una de las propuestas para efectivizar el desarrollo, desde el pensamiento social no crítico. Se analizan planteamientos de teoría social latinoamericanos desde la modernización, dependencia, decolonialidad, hasta la propuesta de la industrialización dependiente y sus recientes reformulaciones.
Nicholas Wade. Una herencia incómoda. Genes, raza e historia humana
Authors: Palacios Medina Renzo
Published: December 2020

Desde su aparición, Una herencia incómoda ha provocado polémica entre los científicos de lo social y en la mayoría de los naturales, y reabierto el debate sobre la existencia de las “razas humanas”. Con un lenguaje lecturable, lleno de referencia y ejemplificaciones, Nicholas Wade —escritor y divulgador científico británico— sostiene que desde que la población humana abandonó las estepas africanas hace unos 50.000 años la evolución ha tenido lugar en el marco de la historia humana, “lo suficiente para concederle a la genética al menos un pequeño papel en la conformación del mundo actual” (p. 3), y en el que la raza es el resultado final de esta diferenciación. Ante un tema eminentemente controvertido1, Wade esboza su argumentación en diez capítulos, agrupadas en dos grandes partes explicativas.
Phase transformations during the crystallization of the AK7 alloy, neutralization of the harmful effect of iron by treating the melt with a pulsed electric current
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Prigunova A.G.
Published: December 2020

The method of quenching-microstructural analysis, the so-called "stop-quenching", was used to study phase transformations during crystallization of the AK7 casting alloy of the Al-Si-Mg system. The alloy is smelted from scrap and waste, therefore it contains a large amount of impurities, including iron, copper. It was found that the formation of the structure of the AK7 alloy is carried out in the course of the following reactions: 1. Р → Аlα. 2. P → α-(Fe, Mn) 3Si2Al15 + Alα. 3. P → β-FeSiAl5 + Alα. 4. P + β-FeSiAl5 → α-(Fe, Mn, Cu)3Si2Al15. 5. P → β-FeSiAl5 + Si + Alα. 6. P → β-FeSiAl5 + α-(Fe, Mn, Cu)3Si2Al15 + Si + Alα. At the last stages of crystallization, eutectics are formed, which include phases with magnesium and copper: Mg2Si, π-FeMg3Si6Al8, W-Cu2Mg8Si6Al and θ-CuAl2. The transformation P → β + Si + Alα is realized both by the mechanism of cooperative growth of the β, Si, and Alα phases, and by the formation of double eutectics: P → Si + Alα and P → β + Alα, which grow simultaneously in the same temperature range from various centers of crystallization. The four-phase eutectic transformation P → β + α + Si + Alα is carried out according to the type of double or triple eutectic reactions: P → Si + Alα; P → α + Alα; P → β + Alα; β + Si + Alα. The main iron-containing phase in the AK7 alloy is the needle-shaped intermetallic compound β-FeSiAl5 - a stress concentrator, which leads to a decrease in mechanical properties. In this work, the neutralization of the harmful effect of iron was carried out by treating the melt with a unipolar pulsed electric current, under the influence of which the cluster structure of the melt changes. During crystallization, instead of β, a branched phase α is formed. The ratio of intermetallic compounds β and α depends on the processing modes. With optimal parameters of density and current frequency, at which the volume fraction of the branched phase α is the largest, the strength of the AK7 alloy increases by 32.1%, the hardness by 16.7%, and the relative elongation by 2.5 times, bringing its mechanical properties closer to the primary alloy AK7h. Keywords: aluminum-silicon alloys, phase transformations, iron-containing intermetallic compounds, growth forms, treatment of the melt with an electric current.
Incidence of Refeeding Syndrome in Children With Failure to Thrive
Authors: Coe Megan E. , Castellano Lucinda , Elliott Megan , Reyes Joshua , Mendoza Joanne , Cheney Debbie , Gardner Tiffany , Austin Jared P. , Lee Clifton C.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the incidence of refeeding syndrome in otherwise healthy children <3 years of age admitted for failure to thrive (FTT).

METHODS:

A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed on patients aged ≤36 months admitted with a primary diagnosis of FTT from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of patients with laboratory evidence of refeeding syndrome. Exclusion criteria included admission to an ICU, parenteral nutrition, history of prematurity, gastrostomy tube feeds, and any complex chronic conditions.

RESULTS:

Of the 179 patients meeting inclusion criteria, none had laboratory evidence of refeeding syndrome. Of these, 145 (81%) had laboratory work done at the time of admission, and 69 (39%) had laboratory work repeated after admission. A small percentage (6%) of included patients experienced an adverse event due to repeat laboratory draw.

CONCLUSIONS:

In otherwise healthy hospitalized patients <3 years of age with a primary diagnosis of FTT, routine laboratory monitoring for electrolyte derangements did not reveal any cases of refeeding syndrome. More robust studies are needed to determine the safety and feasibility of applying low-risk guidelines to this patient population to reduce practice variability and eliminate unnecessary laboratory evaluation and monitoring.
Proxy Finnegan Component Scores for Eat, Sleep, Console in a Cohort of Opioid-Exposed Neonates
Authors: Curran Margaret , Holt Christina , Arciero Michael , Quinlan James , Cox David , Craig Alexa
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Score (FNAS) monitors infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), but it has been criticized for being time consuming and subjective. Many institutions have transitioned to a more straightforward screening tool, Eat, Sleep, Console (ESC), an assessment based on 3 simple observations with a focus on maximizing nonpharmacologic therapies. We aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the ESC with that of the FNAS to determine if infants who needed pharmacologic therapy could potentially be missed when assessed by using ESC.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study of infants identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision billing codes for NAS. FNAS scores were recorded every 4 hours for the entire hospitalization. ESC proxy scores were created by using components of the FNAS that referenced eating, sleeping, and consoling. Detailed demographic and clinical data were manually extracted regarding opioid exposures and pharmacologic treatment of NAS.

RESULTS:

From 2013 to 2016, 423 infants ≥37 weeks’ gestation had a total of 33 115 FNAS scores over 921 days of observation. In total, 287 (68%) were exposed to buprenorphine, 100 (23.7%) were exposed to methadone, and 165 (39%) were pharmacologically treated. The FNAS was 94.8% sensitive and 63.5% specific for pharmacologic treatment, and the ESC proxy variables were 99.4% sensitive and 40.2% specific (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

ESC proxy variables have slightly higher sensitivity compared with FNAS, suggesting that ESC use is unlikely to miss infants requiring treatment who would have been identified by FNAS. Transitioning from FNAS to ESC is not likely to impair the care of infants with NAS.
Future of household resources and expenditure as the indicators of sustainable development in Ukraine
Authors: Berezina Olena , Honcharenko Iryna , Berezhna Lesia
Published: December 2020

The main concept advantages of investigating the interrelation between household income and expenditure in the context of achieving sustainable development goals are the possibility of coordinating the general development of benchmarks with the specific existing conditions and perspectives of countries and regions. In this context, an urgent challenge is not only the establishment of targets but also the development of a system of indicators to determine the degree of progress in each direction. The purpose of this study is to develop a system of indicators for monitoring the state of Ukrainian househol. The main goals of sustainable development, the success of which can be studied based on the state monitoring of households. The modern global trends of the state, size, and finances of households are analyzed. Sustainable development objectives and indicators for monitoring the state households, are identified.
An assessment of the impact of various macro-economic variables on the manufacturing sector: The case of the Visegrád four
Authors: Meyer Daniel Francois , Hassan Adewale
Published: December 2020

A dynamic and growing manufacturing sector is critical for growth as this sector is globally known as the 'engine of growth'. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of macro-economic variables, including economic growth, producer price index (PPI), and exports on the manufacturing sector of the Visegrád countries, from 1995 to 2018. A quantitative research methodology was utilized via a panel data analysis to assess the long- and short-run relationships between the variables using econometric methods such as the Fisher-Johansen co-integration test, FMOLS and DOLS, and Granger causality tests. The main results indicated a long-run relationship between all the variables, with economic growth having the highest impact on manufacturing, while an increase in exports was also found to enhance the sector. Therefore, governments in the Visegrád group should endeavour to stimulate economic activities in support of the manufacturing sector by means of stable macro-economic policy implementation.
Impact assessment of the COVID19 on trade between Eastern Europe and China
Authors: Megits Nikolay , Neskorodieva Inna , Schuster Julian
Published: December 2020

The high-risk of the rapidly spreading COVID-19 virus worldwide created a necessity for developing a diagnostic tool designed to predict economic development, considering the risks of spreading the coronavirus epidemic. In the proposed research, China is selected strategically due to the U.S. "Buy American" trade policy. Also, the European Union presents various trade barriers for countries of Eastern Europe. The risk-versus-economic efficiency study is performed based on Fibonacci law utilizing trade-dynamic indicators with incorporating the SIR-model used to predict the dynamics of COVID-19 cases in the region. The research was performed based on data collected for the period of March-July 2020. As a result, a scientific model to predict the dynamics of trade volume between China and selected Eastern European countries is developed. The results obtained have a practical application and can be used for government institutions and economic agencies to determine their nation's short- and long-term international trade strategy.
The Effect of The Partial Solar Eclipse on Behavior of Three Species of Ardeidae In Rancabayawak Bandung
Authors: Iskandar Johan , Iskandar Budiawati Supangkat
Published: December 2020

The natural occurrence of solar eclipses can cause various impact on bird species. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the partial solar eclipses on changes in behavior of three species of Ardeidae in the Rancabayawak, Gedebage, Bandung, West Java. The research method used was qualitative which direct observation sampling technique was applied.  The results of study showed that three bird species of Ardeidae namely Javan Pond-Heron (Ardeola speciosa Horsfield 1821), Buffalo Egret (Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus 1758, and small egrets (Egretta garzetta Linnaeus 1766) with total population 566 individuals were recorded in the resting and breeding place of bamboo trees and surrounding area of Rancabayawak during the partial solar eclipse.The behavior of these tree bird species, including sound of chicks, sunbathing, preening the feather, and flying of individual adults went out the resting and breeding place of bamboo trees observed tend to be normal before occurring the partial solar eclipse. During the partial solar eclipse, however, the sound of the chick stopped for a second. Some individual adult birds stopped involve in preening their feather. While, some adult individual birds were flying go back to the nest of bamboo trees that may be assumed it has already late afternoon due to dark of sun shine. Implication of this research have been considered to be very important for contributing the scientific knowledge on bird behavior changes caused by natural phenomena of the partial solar eclipse.
Study on Sex Determination and Impact of Sex Ratio to Reproduction Success in Black Soldier Fly
Authors: Putra Ramadhani Eka , Safa'at Nindia
Published: December 2020

Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) is an insect spe-cies utilized as the converter of organic wastes into biomass applicable as a potential replacement of protein and lipid sources of animal feed and other industrial use. The limiting factor for the sus-tainability of this activity is the number of eggs produced as all processes started from the egg. Variable of quality of the substrate eaten during the larval stage and the proportion of males and fe-males are among the decisive factors for egg production. The pur-poses of this study were to understand the impact of the substrate to the production of a particular sex, to developed a simple method by comparing the weight and size of the pupae to distinguished between male and female, and to find the best sex ratio to produce the highest number of eggs. In this study, two types of substrates (balance proportion of macronutrient and high in protein and lipid were applied as feeding material for larvae. The weight and length of each pupa produced were measured and the pupae kept inside separated containers to find the morphological differences between male and female pupae. Adult insects produced from pupae then used for study on the effect of sex ratio on reproduction success. The adults kept inside 1 x 1 x 1 m screen cages with 3 groups of sex ratio (male : female) which were 50%:50% (P1), 60%:40% (P2), and 40%:60% (P3). The probability of sex was analyzed by logistic regression while the number of eggs estimated by the weight of the egg batch. The result showed substrate used in this study is not affect the sex ratio of adult flies, weight of pupae as the best predictor for sex of the adult flies, and the best ratio of male and female for egg production was 40:60.
COVID-19 therapy: from myths to reality and hopes
Authors: Bozrova S. V. , Drutskaya M. S. , Nedospasov S. A.
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is unprecedented for the 21st century and has already affected countries with a total population of billions of people. The number of infected has already surpassed 30 million people and the number of deaths has exceeded 1 million. Unfor-tunately, Russia is still one of the five countries with the largest number of infected people, although mortality from COVID-19 is significantly lower than in many other countries. Since the virus and the pathogenesis caused by it have a lot of new and unexpected features, high-tech and specific anti-viral drugs and vaccines have not yet been created. The most promising targets for future drug development are enzymes necessary for the life cycle of this particular virus (such as components of the replicase complex or viral proteases). Unexpected circumstances are pushing the evaluation of a number of previously developed and existing drugs directed toward other RNA viruses, some of which have already been shown effective in clinical trials against SARS-CoV-2. There is no doubt that soon prototypes of drugs of this class with higher specificity and effective-ness will be found. Another group of potential drugs are known drugs that are directed against various aspects of the pathogenesis caused by SARS-CoV-2, in particular, cytokine storm or coagulopathy. It should be emphasized that the genome of the virus encodes about 10 additional proteins, some of which may be related to unusual aspects of pathogenesis during COVID-19. Basic research should determine which of these proteins can be targets for specific therapy. Finally, the fact that neutralizing antibodies are found in the blood plasma of many patients and can be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, indicates the potential of using recombinant neutralizing antibodies as drugs, and secondly, confirms the possibility of creating effective vaccines. This mini-review discusses therapeutic approaches and the status of clinical trials using drugs that already existed before the pandemic and were originally developed against other infectious agents or for the treatment of autoimmune pathologies. These drugs are part of today's arsenal in therapeutic protocols and are used in an attempt to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic in different countries.
Relationship between immunological alterations, hypoxia and inflammation in arterial hypertension combined with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Polozova E. I. , Puzanova E. V. , Seskina A. A.
Published: December 2020

Our study was aimed at assessing a relationship between immune system alterations, hypoxia and inflammation in arterial hypertension (AH) coupled to metabolic disturbances. A total of 117 patients were enrolled into clinical study, having been randomized into groups in accordance with study protocol, aged 30 to 62 years. They sought care in outpatient setting or underwent periodic health examination at the Republican Clinical Hospital №5, Saransk, Mordovia, Russia. A control group contained 25 apparently healthy subjects lacking signs of metabolic syndrome (MS) and elevated arterial pressure. A comparison group contained 47 patients with AH grade I-II featured with damaged target organs, but lacking associated relevant clinical manifestations, as based on the assay data. The main group contained 45 patients receiving antihypertensive therapy with overt AH grade I-II verified upon medical consultation coupled to damaged target organs and MS signs with its randomly combined components, but lacking associated clinical manifestations. The patients from main and comparison groups received antihypertensive therapy in accordance with approved guidelines and clinical recommendations for management of AH patients consisting of one of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, diuretic and/or dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Cytokine profile, level of hypoxia and non-specific inflammation were measured in blood serum. The data obtained demonstrated that AH patients with/without metabolic syndrome were noted to display cytokine profile shifted towards elevated proand anti-inflammatory immune arm pointing at imbalanced immune regulation. Hypoxic changes were also found in blood serum that was confirmed by elevated level of lactic and pyruvic acid in these groups. Moreover, development of such pathology was coupled to hypoxia which served as a modulator of immune-related and non-specific inflammation. Rise of non-specific low-grade inflammation correlates developing irreversible AH-associated changes in organs, progression of atherosclerosis and accelerated cardio-metabolic continuum. Altogether, such alterations underlie pathogenetic mechanisms of tissue damage emerging upon AH and MS being mutually aggravating factor along with activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Search for genetic markers of predisposition to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Smolnikova M. V. , Barilo A. A. , Malinchik M. A. , Smirnova S. V.
Published: December 2020

Psoriasis (PS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are interrelated diseases that occur in approximately 30% of patients and are characterized by the presence of a systemic inflammatory reaction that occurs as a result of a violation of the functional state of the immune system. With the advent of new technologies, several new pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-31, and IL-33, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of the psoriatic process, have been discovered and characterized. It was determined that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of the IL23, IL31 and IL33 genes play an important role in controlling the expression of relevant cytokines involved in the immunopathogenesis of psoriatic disease. The purpose of the study: to analyze the distribution of genotypes and allelic variants of polymorphisms of the IL23A (rs2066808), IL23R (rs2201841), IL31 (rs7977932) and IL33 (rs7044343), in order to search for genetic markers of predisposition to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Materials and methods. The genotyping of the patients was conducted: psoriasis (PS, n = 77), median age 31.0 years (27.0-43.0), psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n = 99), median age 49.0 years (39.0-56.0) and practically healthy residents of Krasnoyarsk (n = 103), a median age of 32.0 years (24.0-38.0). DNA was isolated from whole venous blood using a standard sorbent kit. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms IL23A (rs2066808), IL23R (rs2201841), IL31 (rs7977932), IL33 (rs7044343) was carried out using real-time PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers and fluorescentlylabeled probes. Results and discussion. The frequencies of allelic variants of the studied cytokine genes in the control group obtained during the study correspond to their distribution in Caucasoid populations – the alleles IL23A * T, IL23R * T, IL31 * C, IL33 * C prevail. When comparing the distribution frequency of allelic variants of the IL23A, IL23R, IL31, IL33 genes, we did not obtain statistically significant differences between patients and the control group. Conclusions. Despite the fact that when comparing the distribution frequency of allelic variants of the IL23A, IL23R, IL31, IL33 genes, we did not obtain statistically significant differences between the patients and the control group, there are results worthy of attention. So, in patients with PS, the frequency of the C * IL23A allelic variant (rs2066808) is lower than in the population sample, which may indicate its specific role in relation to the development of the disease. All this dictates the need to continue research with the assessment of other SNPs and increase the sample of patients in search of potential genetic markers of psoriatic disease.
A pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil: a série de projeções do Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation e a evolução observada, maio a agosto de 2020
Authors: Stein Caroline , Cousin Ewerton , Machado Ísis Eloah , Felisbino-Mendes Mariana Santos , Passos Valéria Maria de Azeredo , Sousa Tatiane Moraes de , Schmidt Maria Inês , Gallagher John , Naghavi Mohsen , Duncan Bruce B.
Published: December 2020

Resumo Objetivo Descrever as projeções do Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) para a COVID-19 no Brasil e seus estados, apresentar sua acurácia e discutir suas implicações. Métodos As previsões do IHME de maio a agosto de 2020, para o Brasil e alguns estados, foram comparadas ao número de mortes cumulativas observadas. Resultados A projeção prevê 182.809 mortes causadas pela pandemia até 1º de dezembro de 2020 no Brasil. O aumento no uso de máscara poderia poupar ~17 mil óbitos. O erro médio no número acumulado de óbitos em duas, quatro e seis semanas das projeções foi de 13%, 18% e 22% respectivamente. Conclusão Projeções de curto e médio prazo dispõem dados importantes e acurácia suficiente para informar os gestores de saúde, autoridades eleitas e sociedade geral. Após trajeto difícil até agosto, a pandemia, conforme as projeções, terá declínio sustentado, embora demorado, causando em média 400 óbitos/dia no início de dezembro.
Nipple Areola Kompleks Yerleşimli Meme Kanseri Cerrahi Tedavisinde Batwing Mastopeksi Tekniği
Authors: AÇAR Sami
Published: December 2020

Özet
Onkoplastik meme cerrahisinin amacı, meme kanseri dokusunu memenin şeklini bozmadan negatif cerrahi sınırlarla çıkarmaktır. Onkolojik prensiplerden taviz vermeden, yeniden şekillendirme tekniklerini en iyi şekilde uygulamayı gerektirir. Memenin yeniden şekillendirilmesi ise hasta için ayrıca ikincil kazançtır.
Giriş
Nipple areola kompleksini içeren meme kanserinin cerrahi tedavisinde Batwing Mastopeksi tekniği (Yarasa kanadı tekniği) başarı ile uygulanabilmektedir. Doğru endikasyonlarda başarılı kozmetik sonuçlar elde edilebilmektedir. Kaybedilen nipple areola kompleksinin yeniden oluşturulması, genellikle onkolojik tedavi sonrasına bırakılır. Radyoterapi ve kemoterapinin cilt üzerinde oluşturacağı hasarın boyutunu anlamak için bu daha akılcı olabilir.
Olgu
Premenapozal dönemde, ailesinde meme kanseri bulunmayan 48 yaşında bayan hastada nipple komşuluğunda, areola tutulumu gösteren invaziv karsinom saptandı. Tümör meme hacmi oranının %20’den fazla olması, santral yerleşimli tümör bulunması nedeniyle Batwing mastopeksi ile cerrahi tedavi yapıldı. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde yaklaşık üç hafta kadar memeyi destekleyecek, kendi beden numarasından bir boy küçük sütyen giydirildi ve aynı dönemde günde iki defa oral deksketoprofen tablet verildi. Yara iyileşme sorunu yaşanmadı ve onkolojik tedavi ameliyat sonrası dördüncü haftada başlandı.
Sonuç
Meme kanseri tanısı konan ve yapılacak tedavilerden haberdar edilen hastalar belirgin seviyede moral bozukluğuna uğramaktadır. Bir de memenin kaybedilmesi korkusu ayrı bir sıkıntı yaşatmaktadır. Yapılan birçok çalışmada, meme kanseri cerrahi tedavisinin başarılı onkoplastik tekniklerle yapılması sayesinde hasta memnuniyetinin belirgin düzeyde arttırıldığı gösterilmiştir. Hastalığın, memenin korunarak, uygun yeniden şekillendirme teknikleriyle tedavi edilmesi her cerrah için birincil amaç olmalıdır.
Mevlâna’nın Torunlarından Pir Hüseyin Efendi’nin Hayatı ve Vakıfları
Authors: ŞAFAKCI Hamit
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada Mevlana neslinden Pir Hüseyin
Çelebi’nin hayatı ve vakıfları incelenmiştir. 1580 yılında doğan Hüseyin
Efendi, 1666 yılında vefat etmiştir. Mevlana Dergâhı’nın 17. postnişini olan Hüseyin
Efendi, Sultan İbrahim’e arakıyye giydirilmesi, Abaza isyanındaki durumu ve
Kadızadelilerin semaya bakışı gibi olaylarla muhatap olmuştur. Yaşadığı olaylar
anlatıldıktan sonra vakıflarına değinilmiştir. Ona ait önemli eserlerden biri,
Kapı Cami’dir demek abartı olmaz. Bu caminin yanında mescit, muallimhane ve
çeşme yaptırmıştır. Ayrıca var olan bazı vakıflara da para tahsis etmiştir.
1659 yılında vakıflarında görevli 28 kişiye günlük 75 akçe ödenmiştir. Bu
vakıfların en önemli gelir kaynağı, Hüseyin Efendi’nin vakfettiği han ve
dükkânlardan elde edilen kiralardı. Bu anlamda hayırsever bir kişiydi.
Araştırmada üç vakfiyedeki bilgiler diğer belgeler ve incelemeler ile
karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Open Access Legislation and Regulation in the United States: Implications for Higher Education
Authors: Chaudhary Anjam , Irwin Kathy , Hoa Khoa Nguyen David
Published: December 2020

Accessing quality research when not part of an academic institution can be challenging. Dating back to the 1980s, open access (OA) was a response to journal publishers who restricted access to publications by requiring a subscription and limited access to knowledge. Although the OA movement seeks to remove costly barriers to accessing research, especially when funded by state and federal governments, it remains the subject of continuous debates. After providing a brief overview of OA, this article summarizes OA statutory and regulatory developments at the federal and state levels regarding free and open access to research. It compares similarities and differences among enacted and proposed legislation and describes the advantages and disadvantages of these laws. It analyzes the effects of these laws in higher education, especially on university faculty regarding tenure and promotion decisions as well as intellectual property rights to provide recommendations and best practices regarding the future of legislation and regulation in the United States.
Paraoxonase 1: Could it be important for asthma in children?
Authors: ŞAHİN İrfan , GÜLSEVER Osman
Published: December 2020

Objective: The paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) enzyme is an important antioxidant. The balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms is disturbed during asthma attacks. The activity of the PON-1 enzyme is related to PON-1 gene polymorphism. This study aimed to evaluate the activity of PON-1 enzyme and Q192R polymorphism in asthmatic children.
Material and methods: During the 2013-2014 period, we performed a prospective study with 34 asthmatic (study group) and 34 healthy (control group) children. Serum PON-1 activity was evaluated in the study group at the onset of an asthma attack and at the end, and also in the control group. Q192R gene polymorphism of asthmatic children, which is known to affect the PON-1 enzyme activity was also investigated.
Results: There was no significant difference in terms of serum PON-1 enzyme activity and PON-1 gene polymorphism between the asthmatic children and healthy controls. However, a significant increase was observed at the PON-1 enzyme activity of asthmatic children at the end of the asthma attack compared to its onset.
Conclusion: The PON-1 enzyme activity and Q192R genetic polymorphism in asthmatic children are not different from those of healthy children, but PON-1 enzyme activity is higher at the end of an asthma attack compared to the onset. PON-1 enzyme, as a member of the antioxidant mechanism, may be important both in understanding the pathophysiology of asthma and in the development of new medications for asthma.
EVALUATING SHORT STATURE AND HIGH YIELDING MAIZE HYBRIDS IN MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS USING GGE BIPLOT AND AMMI MODELS
Authors: AHMED Asgar , HOSSAIN Akbar , AMIRUZZAMAN Md. , ALAM Md. Ashraful , FAROOQ Muhammad , EL SABAGH Ayman , KIZILGECI Ferhat
Published: December 2020

In Bangladesh, maize stands second place after rice; since it faces diverse natural calamities during its highest growing season (rabi/winter), particularly strong storm during the reproductive stage. Sometimes in some regions, this crop is completely damaged by natural disasters. Considering the burning issue, thirteen hybrids, including 10 previously selected short stature hybrids were evaluated against three local and standard checks: ‘BHM-9’, ‘981’ and ‘Sunshine’ in two consecutive years in seven locations of Bangladesh. Combined analysis over locations and seasons instigated that genotypes ‘Sunshine’, ‘981’ and ‘G10’ were the top-high yielders, while genotypes ‘G1’, ‘G2’, ‘BHM-9’ and ‘Sunshine’ were found the most stable. On the other hand, five genotypes such as ‘G3’, ‘G4’, ‘G6’, ‘G8’ and ‘G9’ had the below-average mean yield and the genotypes ‘G6’ and ‘G9’ were the most unstable. Among the seven environments, Jamalpur, Joydebpur and Dinajpur were most discriminating and Ishwardi was the least discriminating; whereas Joydebpur was more representative and Borishal was the least representative of other test environments. In the case of plant and ear height, most of the genotypes showed a lower value than all the checks, which was desirable. But among the top three high yielders, local cross-genotype, the ‘G10’ had the lowest and more stable value for both plant height and ear height. Therefore, considering the plant and ear height, grain yield, and yield stability, the genotype ‘G10’ has been recommended for release as commercial variety and has been released as new maize variety in Bangladesh with the local name of ‘BARI Hybrid Maize-16’ (BHM-16).