bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of attitudinal ambivalence on weight loss decisions: Consequences and mitigating factors
Authors: Bui My , Droms Courtney M. , Craciun Georgiana
Published: April 2014

This research takes a new look at individuals' attitudes and intentions towards losing weight. Study 1 examines the relationship among those interested in losing weight and individual self‐evaluative ambivalence on attitude towards trying to achieve a weight loss goal and the intentions to achieve the weight loss goal. For Study 2, a between‐subjects experimental design, where attitudinal ambivalence and prior outcome feedback were manipulated and self‐efficacy was measured, is conducted to examine attitude towards eating healthier and intention to change eating behaviours. Findings across the two studies show that attitudinal ambivalence about the self and the individual's abilities and motivation to change the health behaviour produces a negative relationship between health‐related attitudes and intentions. We provide implications of how self‐efficacy and the provision of outcome feedback can alleviate the negative effect and improve the individuals' intentions to try to achieve a weight loss goal. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Energy Demand of Batch Rectification Using a New Training Simulator
Authors: Kuntzsch Stefan , Winterhalter Mathias , Hass Volker C.
Published: April 2014

Der Energiebedarf der batch‐Rektifikation ist in hohem Maß von der gewählten Prozessführungsstrategie und ihrer Umsetzung durch die Anlagenfahrer abhängig. Mithilfe eines neuen volldynamischen Trainingssimulators können verschiedene parametrisierbare Prozessführungsstrategien entwickelt und direkt im Simulator getestet werden. Die Auswirkungen von Rücklaufverhältnis und Heizleistung auf den Energiebedarf wurden untersucht und quantifiziert. Der Einfluss von Variablen der Ablaufsteuerung, wie der Heizrate und des Startvolumens in der Siedeblase, auf den Energiebedarf wurden analysiert.
Use of Cascaded Option Trees in Chemical‐Engineering Process Development
Authors: Bednarz Andreas , Rüngeler Bettina , Pfennig Andreas
Published: April 2014

Fast and efficient procedures are increasingly important in process development since the time frame between development and market entry is reduced. The evaluation of alternatives is time consuming, but especially important to assure the choice of the optimal process. A simple and fast method to speed up process development while considering numerous alternatives has been developed using option trees. The option trees allow for easy and comprehensible evaluation of alternatives. Here the method of cascaded option trees is illustrated for the development of a biocompatible separation process.
With Dynamic High Pressure Treatment Towards a Quasi‐Continuous Inactivation of Microorganisms
Authors: Ebel Nina , Hainthaler Markus , Izydor Marika , Schlücker Eberhard
Published: April 2014

Die Behandlung von Fluiden mit statischem Hochdruck stellt eine schonende Alternative zu konventionellen Entkeimungsprozessen dar. Allerdings handelt es sich um einen kostenintensiven Prozess, dessen Anwendung derzeit auf hochwertige Erzeugnisse limitiert ist. Der Einsatz von dynamischem Hochdruck ermöglicht dagegen eine effizientere Schädigung der Mikroorganismen. Zudem ergibt sich ein quasi‐kontinuierlicher Prozessablauf, wenn die drucklosen Prozessphasen zur Förderung von Fluiden genutzt werden, wodurch die Hochdruckinaktivierung für ein breites Produktspektrum interessant wird.
Organic Solvent Nanofiltration – Challenges and Approaches of an Innovative Membrane Separation Process
Authors: Schmidt Patrick , Micovic Jovana , Lutze Philip , Górak Andrzej
Published: April 2014

Die Kopplung innovativer Trenntechnologien mit konventionellen verfahrenstechnischen Grundoperationen besitzt ein großes Potential, um den Lösungsmittel‐ und Energiebedarf zu verbessern. Ein Beispiel ist die organophile Nanofiltration, ein druckgetriebenes Membrantrennverfahren, das in organischen Lösungsmitteln eingesetzt werden kann. Die Herausforderungen liegen insbesondere im konzeptionellen und detaillierten Prozessentwurf. In dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene Werkzeuge entwickelt, in einem fünfschrittigen Arbeitsschema zusammengefasst und anhand eines Fallbeispiels veranschaulicht.
Sidearm as a Control in the Asymmetric Ring Opening Reaction of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropane
Authors: Kang Qikai , Wang Lijia , Zheng Zhongbo , Li Junfang , Tang Yong
Published: April 2014

A new type of trisoxazoline and bisthiazoline based ligands have been developed,which are absent of chiral motif on the parent skeleton and containa chiral backbone on sidearm. The ligands promote the amine nucleophilic ring opening reaction of 1,1‐cyclopropane diesters smoothly, furnishing the γ‐amino acid derivatives in high yield with moderate to good enantioselectivity.
An Efficient and Simple Method for Stereoselective Synthesis of N‐Substituted Iminosugars from D‐Xylose Derivative
Authors: Zhang Jichao , Yuan Wen , Ma Xiaofeng , Wang Haibo , Shao Huawu
Published: April 2014

A series of new N‐substituted iminosugars were successfully synthesized through a general synthetic route from D‐xylose derivative. This approach provided a convenient access to the synthesis of N‐alkylated iminosugars as potential glucosidase inhibitors, which included a reaction of reductive amination. Various N‐alkylated iminosugars were prepared in good yields with high stereoselectivity.
Self‐Assembly of Chiral Nano‐bowl from Chiral Pd‐complex Building Corners and 4,7‐Phenanthroline Linkers
Authors: Yu Lina , Jiang Xuanfeng , Yu Shuyan
Published: April 2014

A chiral [M3L3]6+‐type nanobowl reported here was self‐assembled from cis‐protected mono‐palladium complex [(RRdiph)Pd](NO3)2 (where RRdiph= (1R,2R)‐(+)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine) as chiral corners and 4,7‐phenanthroline ligand (L) as linkers in aqueous media. The hydrophobic cavity‐containing metallo‐macrocycle [Pd3L3]6+·6NO3 (1) with a syn, syn, syn orientation has been characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, CD spectra and X‐ray diffraction determination.
Results of a randomized, double‐blind study of romiplostim versus placebo in patients with low/intermediate‐1–risk myelodysplastic syndrome and thrombocytopenia
Authors: Giagounidis Aristoteles , Mufti Ghulam J. , Fenaux Pierre , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Szer Jeffrey , Platzbecker Uwe , Kuendgen Andrea , Gaidano Gianluca , Wiktor‐Jedrzejczak Wieslaw , Hu Kuolung , Woodard Paul , Yang Allen S. , Kantarjian Hagop M.
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

Thrombocytopenia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is associated with shortened survival and an increased risk of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, the authors evaluated the efficacy of romiplostim in patients who had thrombocytopenia with low‐risk/intermediate‐1–risk MDS.

METHODS

Patients who had thrombocytopenia with low‐risk/intermediate‐1–risk MDS (N = 250) were randomized 2:1 to receive romiplostim or placebo weekly for 58 weeks.

RESULTS

The primary endpoint— the number of clinically significant bleeding events (CSBEs) per patient—had a hazard ratio for romiplostim:placebo of 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.66‐1.05;P = .13). CSBEs were reduced significantly in the romiplostim group for patients who had baseline platelet counts ≥20 × 109/L (P < .0001). For patients who had baseline platelet counts <20 × 109/L, there was no difference in the number of CSBEs, but the platelet transfusion rates were higher in the placebo group (P < .0001), which may have affected the overall CSBE results in this group with severe thrombocytopenia. The incidence of bleeding events was reduced significantly in the romiplostim group (relative risk, 0.92), as were protocol‐defined platelet transfusions (relative risk, 0.77). Platelet response rates according to 2006 International Working Group criteria were higher for the group that received romiplostim (odds ratio, 15.6). On the basis of interim data, an independent data monitoring committee advised halting study drug because of concerns regarding excess blasts and AML rates with romiplostim (interim hazard ratio, 2.51). At 58 weeks, the AML rates were 6% in the romiplostim group and 4.9% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.38‐3.84), and the overall survival rates were similar.

CONCLUSIONS

Romiplostim treatment in patients with low‐risk/intermediate‐1–risk MDS increased platelet counts and decreased the number of bleeding events and platelet transfusions. Although study drug was discontinued because of an initial concern of AML risk, survival and AML rates were similar with romiplostim and placebo.Cancer2014;120:1838–1846. © 2014 Amgen, Inc.Cancerpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf ofAmerican Cancer Society.
Comparison of referring and final pathology for patients with T‐cell lymphoma in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network
Authors: Herrera Alex F. , Crosby‐Thompson Allison , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Abel Gregory A. , Czuczman Myron S. , Gordon Leo I. , Kaminski Mark S. , Millenson Michael M. , Nademanee Auayporn P. , Niland Joyce C. , Rodig Scott J. , Rodriguez Maria A. , Zelenetz Andrew D. , LaCasce Ann S.
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

T‐cell lymphomas (TCLs) are uncommon in the United States. The accurate diagnosis of TCL is challenging and requires morphologic interpretation, immunophenotyping, and molecular techniques. The authors compared pathologic diagnoses at referring centers with diagnoses from expert hematopathology review to determine concordance rates and to characterize the usefulness of second‐opinion pathology review for TCL.

METHODS

Patients in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network non‐Hodgkin lymphoma database with peripheral TCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS), angioimmunoblastic TCL (AITL), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive and ALK‐negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) were eligible if they had prior tissue specimens examined at a referring institution. Pathologic concordance was evaluated using available pathology and diagnostic testing reports and provider progress notes. The etiology of discordance and the potential impact on treatment were examined.

RESULTS

Among 131 eligible patients, 57 (44%) had concordant results, totaling 64% of the 89 patients who were referred with a final diagnosis. Thirty‐two patients (24%) had discordant results, representing 36% of those who were referred with a final diagnosis. The rates of discordance among patients with of PTCL‐NOS, AITL, ALK‐negative ALCL, and ALK‐positive ALCL were 19%, 33%, 34%, and 6%, respectively. In 14 patients (44% of discordant results), pathologic reclassification could have resulted in a different therapeutic strategy. Forty‐two patients (32%) were referred for classification with a provisional diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

In a large cohort of patients with TCL who were referred to National Comprehensive Cancer Network centers, the likelihood of a concordant final diagnosis at a referring institution was low. As current and future therapies target TCL subsets, these data suggest that patients with suspected TCLs would benefit from evaluation by an expert hematopathologist. Cancer 2014;120:1993–1999. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Patient‐derived xenografts for individualized care in advanced sarcoma
Authors: Stebbing Justin , Paz Keren , Schwartz Gary K. , Wexler Leonard H. , Maki Robert , Pollock Raphael E. , Morris Ronnie , Cohen Richard , Shankar Arjun , Blackman Glen , Harding Victoria , Vasquez David , Krell Jonathan , Ciznadija Daniel , Katz Amanda , Sidransky David
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

Patients with advanced, metastatic sarcoma have a poor prognosis, and the overall benefit from the few standard‐of‐care therapeutics available is small. The rarity of this tumor, combined with the wide range of subtypes, leads to difficulties in conducting clinical trials. The authors previously reported the outcome of patients with a variety of common solid tumors who received treatment with drug regimens that were first tested in patient‐derived xenografts using a proprietary method (“TumorGrafts”).

METHODS

Tumors resected from 29 patients with sarcoma were implanted into immunodeficient mice to identify drug targets and drugs for clinical use. The results of drug sensitivity testing in the TumorGrafts were used to personalize cancer treatment.

RESULTS

Of 29 implanted tumors, 22 (76%) successfully engrafted, permitting the identification of treatment regimens for these patients. Although 6 patients died before the completion of TumorGraft testing, a correlation between TumorGraft results and clinical outcome was observed in 13 of 16 (81%) of the remaining individuals. No patients progressed during the TumorGraft‐predicted therapy.

CONCLUSIONS

The current data support the use of the personalized TumorGraft model as an investigational platform for therapeutic decision‐making that can guide treatment for rare tumors such as sarcomas. A randomized phase 3 trial versus physician's choice is warranted. Cancer 2014;120:2006–2015. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Staurosporine‐induced collapse of cochlear hair bundles
Authors: Goodyear Richard J. , Ratnayaka Helen S.K. , Warchol Mark E. , Richardson Guy P.
Published: April 2014

Early postnatal mouse cochlear cultures were treated with a small panel of kinase inhibitors to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of hair‐bundle structure in the developing inner ear. At low concentrations (1–10 nM), staurosporine causes the collapse and loss of hair bundles without provoking hair‐cell death, as judged by lack of terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) labeling or reactivity to anti‐activated caspase‐3. Staurosporine exposure results in the fusion of the hair bundle's stereocilia, a resorption of the parallel actin bundles of the stereocilia into the cytoplasm of the hair cell, a detachment of the apical, non‐stereociliary membrane of the hair cell from the underlying cuticular plate, and a severing of the hair‐bundle's rootlets from the actin cores of the stereocilia. It does not block membrane retrieval at the apical pole of the hair cells, nor does it elicit the externalization of phosphatidylserine. Staurosporine treatment causes a reduction in levels of the phosphorylated forms of ezrin, radixin, and moesin in cochlear cultures during the period of hair‐bundle loss, indicating the integrity of the hair bundle may be actively maintained by the phosphorylation status of these proteins. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3281–3294, 2014. © 2014 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanoindentation studies of gallium arsenide heteroepitaxial layers
Authors: Ponraj J. S. , Attolini G. , Bosi M. , Dakshinamoorthy A.
Published: April 2014

Gallium arsenide epilayers were deposited by horizontal home‐made metal organic chemical vapor phase epitaxy, using trimethylgallium and arsine precursors with hydrogen as carrier gas at a pressure of 60 mbar. The samples were grown at a temperature of 600 °C over germanium substrates with different III/V ratio. High resolution X‐ray diffraction measurements showed good crystalline quality and are not significantly affected by the variations in III/V ratio. Nanomechanical properties of grown samples were studied with nanoindentation using Berkovich and Vickers indenters, hardness and elastic modulus values have been determined. The defects induced phenomena due to the change in load on GaAs/Ge epilayers have been elucidated.
Efficiency of magnetic coupled boost DC‐DC converters mainly dedicated to renewable energy systems: influence of the coupling factor
Authors: Nguyen The Vinh , Petit Pierre , Aillerie Michel , Salame Chafic , Charles Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2014

This paper presents a specific analysis of an individual basic magnetically coupled direct current‐to‐direct current (DC–DC) converter specially designed for integration in a distributed architecture of renewable energy generators for smart grid applications. In such distributed architecture dedicated for renewable energy, parallel high‐voltage DC presents many advantages over the classical centralized one. We show that in such setup, high voltage can be advantageously produced using a specific magnetically coupled boost converter, and we point out the influence of the coupling factor, generally considered equal to one, on the overall performance of the converter and on the global energy efficiency of the installation. In this study, the generalized concepts of system energy parameters of DC–DC converters are introduced and applied to the transient analysis. Consequently, the operation of a magnetic coupled DC–DC converter with a recovery stage is modeled. The simulation results are compared with those of the behavioral study, deduced from the model pointing out the large influence of the coupling factor value on the global behavior and mainly on the value of the recovery voltage, in all the various parts of the switching cycle. The renewable energy generator operating parameters, such as current and voltage values, can then be predicted in a more useful way to compute new similar DC–DC converter systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EU‐Projekt INSYSME: Innovative Techniken für erdbebensichere Ausfachungswände aus Ziegelmauerwerk in Stahlbetonrahmentragwerken
Authors: Butenweg Christoph , Meyer Udo , Fehling Ekkehard
Published: April 2014

Am 1. Oktober 2013 ist das auf drei Jahre angelegte EU‐Forschungsprojekt INSYSME – Innovative Systeme für erdbebentaugliche Ausfachungswände aus Ziegelmauerwerk in Stahlbetonrahmentragwerken – gestartet. Unter der Koordination der Universität Padua beteiligen sich 16 Partner aus sechs europäischen Ländern (Deutschland, Griechenland, Italien, Portugal, Rumänien, Türkei). Als deutsche Partner nehmen die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mauerziegel aus Bonn, die Universität Kassel sowie das Ingenieurbüro SDA‐engineering GmbH aus Herzogenrath, teil. Ziel der deutschen Partner ist die Entwicklung von innovativen Ausfachungssystemen aus monolithischem wärmedämmenden Ziegelmauerwerk, mit denen nicht nur eine erhöhte Erdbebensicherheit, sondern auch die sichere Erfüllung der steigenden Anforderungen aus Windbeanspruchungen gewährleistet werden können. Die Forschungsergebnisse sollen vom Partner SDA‐engineering GmbH in die bereits seit einigen Jahren verfügbare Softwarelösung MINEA [1] integriert werden. Weitere Informationen stehen auf den Websites des Projektes [2] zur Verfügung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden nach einer kurzen thematischen Einführung die Ergebnisse von Tastversuchen an senkrecht zur Ebene belasteten Ausfachungswänden aus Planziegelmauerwerk vorgestellt. Im Anschluss wird das geplante Arbeitsprogramm der deutschen Partner im Projekt INSYSME beschrieben.

Innovative systems for earthquake resistant masonry enclosures in reinforced concrete buildings. In October 2013, the European Union research project INSYSME – Innovative Systems for Earthquake Resistant Masonry Enclosures in Reinforced Concrete buildings – has been started with duration of three years. The project consists of 16 partners from six countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, and Turkey) and is coordinated by the University of Padova. Project partners from Germany are the “Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mauerziegel in Bonn“, University of Kassel and the engineering consultants SDA‐engineering GmbH from Herzogenrath. The focus of the German partners is the development of innovative infill systems made of monolithic high thermal insulating clay brick masonry, which are able to meet the increasing demands caused by earthquake and wind loading. The SDA‐engineering GmbH will implement the project results into the software package MINEA [1], that is available on the market for several years. Further information is provided on the project websites [2]. The paper provides a short problem description and presents the results of an experimental pilot study on clay unit masonry infill walls subjected to out‐of plane loading. Afterwards the planned working program of the German partners within the project INSYSME is described.
Zum Eurocode 6 – Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Jäger Wolfram
Published: April 2014

Unter dieser Rubrik werden Fragen beantwortet, die bei der Einarbeitung in den EC 6 entstehen. Die Wiedergabe erfolgt in jedem Falle anonymisiert. Sofern es um Verständnisfragen und Hintergrundinformationen geht, werden sie von den Beiratsmitgliedern beantwortet. Handelt es sich um Auslegungsfragen, wird der zuständige NABau‐Ausschuss NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Mauerwerksbau“ (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) mit einbezogen.

Mit dem Leserforum zum EC 6 soll der Praxis die Einarbeitung in das neue Normenpaket mit seinen Nationalen Anhängen erleichtert werden. Auch Sie können als Leser gern von dieser Rubrik Gebrauch machen und Ihre Fragen stellen (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).

Questions concerning the introduction of the EC 6. Under this heading questions are answered, arising from the application of EC 6. The questions are expressing anonymous in all cases. Provided that they concern the understanding and background information the answers will be given by members of the editorial board. If the questions are dealing with the interpretation of clauses of EC 6 the responsible code committee NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Masonry construction” (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) will be involved.

The practice should get help for the adjustment in the EC 6 and its National Annexes with this new category of contributions. The readers are invited to avail oneself of this chance very active (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).

Die nachfolgenden Fragen und Antworten beziehen sich auf den Teil 1‐1 [1] sowie Teil 3 [3] von DIN EN 1996 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang [2].
Ascidian photosymbiosis: Diversity of cyanobacterial transmission during embryogenesis
Authors: Hirose Euichi
Published: April 2014

Some tropical ascidians of the family Didemnidae invariably harbor cyanobacterial cells in the common cloacal cavities and/or tunic. This is the only lifelong, obligate photosymbiosis reported in chordates. Photosymbionts are transferred from the maternal colony to embryos or prehatching larvae brooded in the colonies. Here we review the diversity of modes of cyanobacterial transmission to shed a light on the evolutionary history of ascidian photosymbiosis. Ascidian species exhibit several modes of cyanobacterial transmission. In Diplosoma species, the mode is constrained phylogenetically; all photosymbiotic Diplosoma have the same mode of transmission using a unique organ known as the rastrum. In other photosymbiotic species, the mode is constrained by the distribution pattern of photosymbionts in the host colony. Species of different genera have similar modes of transmission wherein they harbor cyanobacterial cells at similar sites within colonies. Accordingly, host species of distinct lineages likely acquired similar modes of transmission convergently. Why obligate photosymbiosis was established exclusively in these didemnid ascidians remains uncertain. Ascidian photosymbiosis is discussed from the viewpoint of evolution and diversification of vertical transmission. genesis 53:121–131, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural crest cell‐specific inactivation of Nipbl or Mau2 during mouse development results in a late onset of craniofacial defects
Authors: Smith Terence Gordon , Laval Steve , Chen Fangli , Rock Matthew James , Strachan Tom , Peters Heiko
Published: April 2014

Nipbl (Scc2) and Mau2 (Scc4) encode evolutionary conserved proteins that play a vital role for loading the cohesin complex onto chromosomes, thereby ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. While mutations in human NIPBL are known to cause the developmental disorder Cornelia de Lange syndrome, the functions of Nipbl and Mau2 in mammalian development are poorly defined. Here we generated conditional alleles for both genes in mice and show that neural crest cell‐specific inactivation of Nipbl or Mau2 strongly affects craniofacial development. Surprisingly, the early phase of neural crest cell proliferation and migration is only moderately affected in these mutants. Moreover, we found that Mau2 single homozygous mutants exhibited a more severe craniofacial phenotype when compared to that of Nipbl;Mau2 double homozygous mutants. This raises the possibility that the Mau2/Nipbl protein interaction is not only required for cohesin loading, but may also be required to restrict the level of Nipbl involved in regulating gene expression. Together, the data suggest that proliferating neural crest cells tolerate a substantial reduction of cohesin loading proteins and we propose that the successive decrease of cohesin loading proteins in neural crest cells may alter developmental gene regulation in a highly dynamic manner. genesis 52:687–694, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Salinity, groundwater, and water uptake depth of plants in coastal uplands of Everglades National Park (Florida, USA)
Authors: Saha Sonali , Sadle Jimi , van der Heiden Craig , Sternberg Leonel
Published: April 2014

We examine salinity, ground water depth, and water uptake of common plant species in coastal upland communities: buttonwood hammocks, hardwood hammocks, and buttonwood prairies of Everglades National Park. We show that the elevation gradient is gentle with a mean gradient of 0.12 m North American Vertical Datum of 1988 from buttonwood prairie to hardwood hammocks, but the species composition and canopy cover among communities are different. Plant communities differ significantly in groundwater salinity. Hardwood hammocks have brackish groundwater [14–27 parts per thousand (PPT)], buttonwood hammocks have brackish to saline groundwater (23–35 PPT), and buttonwood prairies have saline groundwater (30–44 PPT). The depth to water table is greater for plants in hardwood and buttonwood hammocks than in buttonwood prairies, which makes the freshwater recharge capacity of vadose zone larger in hammocks than in buttonwood prairies. The majority of species accessed water from deep soil (5–30 cm) and groundwater in dry season and switched to using shallow soil water (0–5 cm) in wet season. Exception to this pattern is herbaceous Chromolaena frustrata, endemic to buttonwood hammocks of South Florida, which accessed shallow soil water in dry season and deep soil water in wet season. Our study assesses susceptibility of coastal upland species to sea level rise (SLR)‐driven changes in water table and salinity; the results of which can be incorporated into planning for adaptation to SLR. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rescaling of Resource Governance as Institutional Change: Explaining the Transformation of Water Governance in Southern Spain
Authors: Thiel Andreas
Published: April 2014

This paper develops a conceptual framework highlighting the functional and constitutional (two‐level) negotiation aspects of water governance rescaling, illustrated by the case of southern Spanish water governance reorganization for the Guadalquivir River Basin. The framework is derived from theories of institutional change and multi‐level governance. A necessary precondition for rescaling is changes in actor‐specific perceptions concerning how to best address priorities of water management through water governance. Predominant in rescaling is its coincidence with a contingent political majority of these actors enabling agreement on changes in governance conforming to existing constitutional rules for negotiation. Ultimately, in southern Spain, the constitutional setting prevented re‐scaling. It had initially been promoted by regional actors benefitting from a contingent political majority at the federal as well as at the state level. The paper highlights that, in the context of transformations of European water governance, in Spain supranational policy‐making is of low significance domestically. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Phosphate uptake studies on different types of lanthanum‐loaded polymeric materials
Authors: Sowmya Appunni , Meenakshi Sankaran
Published: April 2014

Three different polymeric materials loaded with La(III) were prepared such as La(III)‐loaded silica‐chitosan composite (LSCC), an inorganic‐organic hybrid material; La(III)‐loaded cross‐linked chitosan beads (LCB), a biopolymer; La(III)‐loaded Duolite C 466 (LDR), a commercially available styrene divinyl benzene co polymer with imino diacetic acid and the adsorption behavior of phosphate on these three adsorbents were investigated in batch mode. The effects of contact time, temperature of solution, adsorbent dosage, initial pH of solutions, and coexistent anions were analyzed. The adsorption capacities of LSCC, LCB, and LDR from 1000 mg L−1 of phosphate solution were 155.4, 84.2, and 74.2 mg/g, respectively. Regenerations of the LSCC, LCB, and LDR were carried out with 0.25 M NaOH solution. All the three adsorbents were selective toward the phosphate ion in the presence of common ions like Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, and HCO3− present in natural water. The Freundlich isotherm model seems to be a better fit than the Langmuir and Dubinin‐Radushkevich isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were calculated in order to understand the nature of adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics data were best described by the pseudo‐second‐order rate equation. The adsorbents were characterized using SEM with EDX, FTIR and BET surface area. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 146–154, 2015
Innovative substructuring technique for hybrid simulation of multistory buildings through collapse
Authors: Hashemi M. Javad , Mosqueda Gilberto
Published: April 2014

Hybrid simulation combines numerical and experimental methods for cost‐effective, large‐scale testing of structures under simulated dynamic earthquake loads. Particularly for experimental seismic collapse simulation of structures, hybrid testing can be an attractive alternative to earthquake simulators due to the limited capacity of most facilities and the difficulties and risks associated with a collapsing structure on a shaking table. The benefits of hybrid simulation through collapse can be further enhanced through accurate and practical substructuring techniques that do not require testing the entire structure. An innovative substructuring technique for hybrid simulation of structures subjected to large deformations is proposed to simplify the boundary conditions by overlapping the domains between the numerical and experimental subassemblies. The advantages of this substructuring technique are the following: it requires only critical components of the structure to be tested experimentally; it reduces the number of actuators at the interface of the experimental subassemblies; and it can be implemented using typically available equipment in laboratories. Compared with previous overlapping methods that have been applied in hybrid simulation, this approach requires additional sensing in the hybrid simulation feedback loop to obtain internal member forces, but provides significantly better accuracy in the highly nonlinear range. The proposed substructuring technique is verified numerically and validated experimentally, using the response of a four‐story moment‐resisting frame that was previously tested to collapse on an earthquake simulator. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of COL3A1 and RAB2A as novel translocation partner genes of PLAG1 in lipoblastoma
Authors: Yoshida Hideki , Miyachi Mitsuru , Ouchi Kazutaka , Kuwahara Yasumichi , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Iehara Tomoko , Konishi Eiichi , Yanagisawa Akio , Hosoi Hajime
Published: April 2014

Lipoblastoma is a rapidly growing, benign neoplasm in children. Surgical excision is usually curative, with a recurrence rate of about 20%. Because the histology of lipoblastoma is heterogeneous and overlaps with other lipomatous tumors, some lipoblastoma cases have been difficult to diagnose. The detection of PLAG1 gene rearrangement is useful for the diagnosis of lipoblastoma. Three fusion partner genes are known in relation to PLAG1 in lipoblastoma HAS2 at 8q24.1, COL1A2 at 7q22, and RAD51L1 at 14q24. Herein, we describe another two novel fusion genes in lipoblastoma tumor specimens. We checked six tumors for the presence of two known fusion genes, HAS2‐PLAG1 and COL1A2‐PLAG1. Only HAS2‐PLAG1 was found in one of the cases. Next, we attempted to identify potential PLAG1 fusion partners using 5'RACE. Sequence analysis revealed two novel fusion genes, COL3A1‐PLAG1 in three cases and RAB2A‐PLAG1 in one case, respectively. As a result of the translocations, the constitutively active promoter of the partner gene drives the ectopic expression of PLAG1. We also evaluated whether a high level of PLAG1 expression can be used to help differentiate lipomatous tumors. PLAG1 expression was evaluated by real‐time PCR in five lipoblastoma tumor specimens. The expressions were 70–150 times higher in lipoblastomas than in human adipocytes. However, PLAG1 expression was low in one case of lipoma. These results demonstrate that PLAG1 overexpression is a potential marker of lipoblastoma. Our findings, in agreement with previous studies, show that lipoblastoma is a group of lipomatous tumors with PLAG1 rearrangement and overexpression. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relevance of telomere/telomerase system impairment in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Hoxha Mirjam , Fabris Sonia , Agnelli Luca , Bollati Valentina , Cutrona Giovanna , Matis Serena , Recchia Anna Grazia , Gentile Massimo , Cortelezzi Agostino , Morabito Fortunato , Bertazzi Pier Alberto , Ferrarini Manlio , Neri Antonino
Published: April 2014

Several studies have proposed telomere length and telomerase activity as prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), whereas information addressing the role of telomere‐associated genes is limited. We measured relative telomere length (RTL) and TERT expression levels in purified peripheral CD19+ B‐cells from seven healthy donors and 77 untreated CLLs in early stage disease (Binet A). Data were correlated with the major biological and cytogenetic markers, global DNA methylation (Alu and LINE‐1), and clinical outcome. The expression profiles of telomere‐associated genes were also investigated. RTL was decreased in CLLs as compared with controls (P < 0.001); within CLL, a progressive and significant RTL shortening was observed in patients from 13q‐ through +12, 11q‐, and 17p‐ alterations; short telomeres were significantly associated with unmutated IGHV configuration and global DNA hypomethylation. Decreased RTL was associated with a shorter time to first treatment. A significant upregulation of POT1, TRF1, RAP1, MRE11A, RAD50, and RPA1 transcript levels was observed in CLLs compared with controls. Our study suggests that impairment of telomere/telomerase system represents an early event in CLL pathogenesis. Moreover, the correlation between telomere shortening and global DNA hypomethylation supports the involvement of DNA hypomethylation to increase chromosome instability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emotion recognition processing as early predictor of response to 8‐week citalopram treatment in late‐life depression
Authors: Shiroma Paulo R. , Thuras Paul , Johns Brian , Lim Kelvin O.
Published: April 2014

Background

In subjects with depression, exposure to antidepressants improves recognition of positive emotions. This phenomenon, which occurs early in the course of treatment, has been proposed as the initial step in the mechanism of action to subsequent therapeutic effects of antidepressants. To this date, it has not been well examined among older depressed patients.

Method

Older subjects with non‐psychotic major depressive disorder were treated with citalopram in an 8‐week open‐label study. The main predictor of response and remission was the change in emotion recognition between baseline and day 7. Covariates included executive functions, baseline anxiety level, medical comorbidity, level of subjective stress, serum citalopram level, and level of social support.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients were considered for final analysis. Overall, accuracy of emotion recognition significantly improved between baseline (75%) and day 7 (83%) (X2 = 34.50, df = 1, p < 0.001). Improvement to identify happy expressions occurred at 25% and 50% intensity with ceiling effect at 0%, 75%, and 100%. Change in emotion processing was marginally significant in predicting antidepressant response at day 56. Multivariate analysis showed that emotion processing is a significant predictor of response and remission when considered along with perceived level of social support.

Conclusions

Recognition of mildly intense happy expression, which improved early in the course of citalopram treatment, predicts subsequent antidepressant response and remission when considered along with perception of social support. Further studies would be necessary to examine specific neural substrates in the affective network involved in the acute therapeutic action of antidepressant in late‐life depression. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hundred forty eight more days with depression: the association between marital conflict and depression‐free days
Authors: Park Mijung , Unützer Jürgen
Published: April 2014

Background

Although collaborative care programs are effective in improving late‐life depression, only about half of treated patients achieve clinically meaningful improvement. Thus, we need to examine what characteristics may predict poor late‐life depression course. Despite the robust evidence for the negative association between the quality of couple relationships and depression outcomes, few studies have examined these associations in the context of long‐term late‐life depression course.

Aim

The objective of this study is to examine the relations between the severity of couple conflict, receiving collaborative depression care program, and 24‐months depression outcomes.

Methods

Study sample comprised 840 depressed older adults subsample from the improving mood, promoting access to collaborative treatment for late‐life depression trial (IMPACT). Depression and couple conflict were assessed at baseline, 12‐month, and 24‐month follow‐up. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine mean 24‐month depression‐free days (DFD) and the marginal effects of receiving IMAPCT program over usual care among participants with varying degrees of 24‐month couple conflict.

Results

Compared with those who never endorsed frequent couple conflict over the three observation points, those who did twice had 63 fewer DFD (p = 0.01), and those who did three times experienced 148 fewer DFD (p < 0.001). Although the marginal effects of receiving IMPACT program over usual care was greater in overall sample, it was not statistically significant among those who endorsed frequent conflict at two or three times.

Conclusion

Frequent couple conflict is associated with worse long‐term late‐life depression outcomes among the patients in primary care clinics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulus‐evoked potentials contribute to map the epileptogenic zone during stereo‐EEG presurgical monitoring
Authors: Boido Davide , Kapetis Dimos , Gnatkovsky Vadym , Pastori Chiara , Galbardi Barbara , Sartori Ivana , Tassi Laura , Cardinale Francesco , Francione Stefano , de Curtis Marco
Published: April 2014

Presurgical monitoring with intracerebral electrodes in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy represents a standard invasive procedure to localize the sites of seizures origin, defined as the epileptogenic zone (EZ). During presurgical evaluation, intracerebral single‐pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) is performed to define the boundaries of eloquent areas and to evoke seizure‐associated symptoms. Extensive intracranial exploration and stimulation generate a large dataset on brain connectivity that can be used to improve EZ detection and to understand the organization of the human epileptic brain. We developed a protocol to analyse field responses evoked by intracranial stimulation. Intracerebral recordings were performed with 105–162 recording sites positioned in fronto‐temporal regions in 12 patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. Recording sites were used for bipolar SPES at 1 Hz. Reproducible early and late phases (<60 ms and 60–500 ms from stimulus artefact, respectively) were identified on averaged evoked responses. Phase 1 and 2 responses recorded at all and each recording sites were plotted on a 3D brain reconstructions. Based on connectivity properties, electrode contacts were primarily identified as receivers, mainly activators or bidirectional. We used connectivity patterns to construct networks and applied cluster partitioning to study the proprieties between potentials evoked/stimulated in different regions. We demonstrate that bidirectional connectivity during phase 1 is a prevalent feature that characterize contacts included in the EZ. This study shows that the application of an analytical protocol on intracerebral stimulus‐evoked recordings provides useful information that may contribute to EZ detection and to the management of surgical‐remediable epilepsies. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4267–4281, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear Interdependence Between the US and Emerging Markets' Industrial Stock Sectors
Authors: Choudhry Taufiq , Osoble Bashir Nur
Published: April 2014

This paper investigates the time‐varying, long‐run and short‐run dynamic relationships between stock industrial sectors of the US and three leading emerging markets/countries: Brazil, Malaysia, and South Africa between January 2000 and December 2009. A crucial empirical contribution of the study is the application of the nonlinear econometric time series techniques for the evaluation of the long‐run global relationships and causality linkages. Further contribution is the application of industrial sector indices rather than national indices. The results of the time‐varying analysis reaffirm the view that relationships between global financial markets tend to be quite volatile over time and particularly high in a time of high financial turbulence. Overall, the relatively weak interdependence between the US and the emerging markets' industry sectors suggests potential diversification benefits for investors in diversifying their portfolio investment across industrial sectors of emerging markets. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hospital readmission and healthcare utilization following sepsis in community settings
Authors: Liu Vincent , Lei Xingye , Prescott Hallie C. , Kipnis Patricia , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Escobar Gabriel J.
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

Sepsis, the most expensive cause of hospitalization in the United States, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, healthcare utilization patterns following sepsis are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE

To identify patient‐level factors that contribute to postsepsis mortality and healthcare utilization.

DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS

A retrospective study of sepsis patients drawn from 21 community‐based hospitals in Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 2010.

MEASUREMENTS

We determined 1‐year survival and use of outpatient and facility‐based healthcare before and after sepsis and used logistic regression to identify the factors that contributed to early readmission (within 30 days) and high utilization (≥15% of living days spent in facility‐based care).

RESULTS

Among 6344 sepsis patients, 5479 (86.4%) survived to hospital discharge. Mean age was 72 years with 28.9% of patients aged <65 years. Postsepsis survival was strongly modified by age; 1‐year survival was 94.1% for <45 year olds and 54.4% for ≥85 year olds. A total of 978 (17.9%) patients were readmitted within 30 days; only a minority of all rehospitalizations were for infection. After sepsis, adjusted healthcare utilization increased nearly 3‐fold compared with presepsis levels and was strongly modified by age. Patient factors including acute severity of illness, hospital length of stay, and the need for intensive care were associated with early readmission and high healthcare utilization; however, the dominant factors explaining variability—comorbid disease burden and high presepsis utilization—were present prior to sepsis admission.

CONCLUSION

Postsepsis survival and healthcare utilization were most strongly influenced by patient factors already present prior to sepsis hospitalization. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:502–507. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Synthesis of three alpha 7 agonists in labeled form
Authors: Elmore Charles S. , Landvatter Scott , Dorff Peter N. , Powell Mark E. , Killick David , Blake Timothy , Hall James , Heys J. Richard , Harding John , Urbanek Rebecca , Ernst Glen
Published: April 2014

In support of a program to develop an alpha 7 agonist as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease, three drug candidates, 1, 2, and 3, were prepared in labeled forms. Compound 1 was prepared in C‐14 labeled form by lithiation of [2,6‐14C2]2‐chloropyridine and subsequent coupling with spirooxirane‐2,3'‐quinuclidine. When this same coupling was attempted using [3,4,5,6‐2H4]2‐chloropyridine, alcohol [2H6]‐6 was the major product indicating that the primary isotope effect for the lithiation step was significant enough to shift the reaction pathway. Therefore, an alternate site of labeling was used to prepare [2H4]‐1. [13C5]‐2 was prepared in five steps from [13C5]2‐furoic acid, but the C‐14 labeled compound used [14C2]‐1 as the starting material instead. [14C2]‐3 was prepared in two steps from [carbonyl‐14C]nicotinic acid.
Associations of arterial distensibility between carotid arteries and abdominal aorta by MR
Authors: Jiang Li , Chen Huijun , Li Rui , Han Xu , Chen Zhensen , He Le , Yuan Chun , Zhao Xihai
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To investigate the correlations of arterial distensibility between carotid arteries and abdominal aorta by MR.

Materials and Methods

Twenty eight asymptomatic old subjects (71.4 ± 6.7 years; 14 males) and 20 healthy young subjects (23.5 ± 1.0 years; 10 males) were imaged with electrocardiograph‐triggered balanced turbo field echo sequence sequence. Arterial distensibility was calculated as the relative lumen area change against unit blood pressure change and its relationship between carotid arteries and abdominal aorta was determined.

Results

The arterial distensibility in old subjects was significantly smaller than that in young subjects for left carotid artery (19.0 ± 6.6 × 10−3/kpa versus 30.9 ± 6.5 × 10−3/kpa), right carotid artery (16.7 ± 6.1 × 10−3/kpa versus 28.6 ± 9.3 × 10−3/kpa), and abdominal aorta (14.3 ± 5.5 × 10−3/kpa versus 37.5 ± 8.8 × 10−3/kpa), respectively (all P < 0.001). In both age groups, distensibility of the abdominal aorta was strongly correlated with that of the left carotid artery (old age group: r = 0.553; P = 0.004; young age group: r = 0.487; P = 0.029) but not with that of the right carotid artery (old age group: r = 0.371; P = 0.062; young age group: r = 0.189; P = 0.424).

Conclusion

The distensibility of abdominal aorta is much more strongly associated with that of the left carotid artery compared with that of the right carotid artery. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1138–1142. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.