bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Merger Regulation in Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Angwenyi Vincent
Published: November 2021

The socio-economic and political characteristics of the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) jurisdictions call for a different approach to competition policy. Competition Policy in the ESA context draws one’s mind to three major themes: development, small market economies and regional integration. This is against a backdrop of other socio-economic and political factors that led to the adoption of competition policies in ESA. Through a comparative assessment of merger review in the European Union, the United States, South Africa, the United Kingdom and ESA, this book seeks to reveal whether or not the merger regulation approach in ESA is optimal and to what extent the approach can be optimised.
Der Arbeitseinsatz von Matrixmanagern
Authors: Zieske Heiko Michael
Published: November 2021

„Der Arbeitseinsatz von Managern" shows in an understandable and comprehensible way which labour law particularities are associated with the cross-company employment of workers in management positions and how these can be implemented in legal practice. After an introduction to the legal basis of a matrix structure, the author discusses which contractual variants can be considered for the deployment of matrix managers. A special focus is placed on the internal and cross-company delegation of instruction rights under labour law. Furthermore, questions of individual and collective labour law are elaborated and presented in a practical solution.
Rare Earth Elements Biorecovery from Mineral Ores and Industrial Wastes
Authors: Castro Laura , Luisa Blázquez M. , González Felisa , A. Muñoz Jesús
Published: November 2021

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical raw materials and are attracting interest because of their applications in novel technologies and green economy. Biohydrometallurgy has been used to extract other base metals; however, bioleaching studies of REE mineral extraction from mineral ores and wastes are yet in their infancy. Mineral ores have been treated with a variety of microorganisms. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganims are particularly relevant in the bioleaching of monazite because transform insoluble phosphate into more soluble form which directly and/or indirectly contributes to their metabolism. The increase of wastes containing REEs turns them into an important alternative source. The application of bioleaching techniques to the treatment of solid wastes might contribute to the conversion towards a more sustainable and environmental friendly economy minimizing the amount of tailings or residues that exert a harmful impact on the environment.
Citrus Fruits: Nutritive Value and Value-Added Products
Authors: Ahmed Maruf , Saeid Abu
Published: November 2021

Citrus fruits are essential sources of food and energy and play a critical role in supplementing healthy diets. Citrus fruits contain mostly carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose and are good dietary fiber sources, which help prevent gastrointestinal disease and promote high circulating cholesterol. Besides, citrus fruits are also significant sources of vitamin C and various bioactive compounds. It is suggested that these components are of vital importance in improving human health due to their antioxidant properties and being converted to vitamin A. However, citrus fruit is still being used for different purposes like juice, jam, jelly, squash, pies, cake, candies, marmalades, etc. Most citrus waste materials are currently used as animal feed. Innovations are occurring in the conversion of citrus by-products into valuable commodities with the development of innovative technologies. This chapter has put up primary and secondary research findings of citrus fruits, especially lemon and pomelo, their chemical properties, composition, and their use in health and cosmetic needs.
Memorial acadêmico e científico: formação, aperfeiçoamento e pós-graduação
Authors: Barcelos Valdo
Published: November 2021

Esse texto está constituído de uma síntese do memorial acadêmico e científico apresentado à banca examinadora do concurso público para o cargo de professor titular da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM/RS/Brasil - no ano de 2017. Nessa síntese apresento minha trajetória como professor, pesquisador e orientador de mestrado e doutorado no PPGE/UFSM, bem como minhas atividades de intercâmbio acadêmico e científico em outras universidades brasileiras e também estrangeiras. Procurei no decorrer desse Memorial apresentar meu caminho de estudos e de pesquisas em educação em geral e na formação de professores(as) em especial. Minha produção intelectual deu ênfase para buscar romper com a prática acadêmica tão comum em nossas universidades de copiar e imitar modelos e epistemologias que já estão em desuso ou já foram abandonadas em outros países. Nesse sentido, por vários anos estudei e pesquisei as contribuições filosóficas e epistemológicas da Antropofagia Cultural Brasileira para a educação brasileira.
Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da UFSM: um estudo sobre as principais pendências na aprovação de projetos
Authors: Heinz Gabriela , Zucatto Luis Carlos
Published: November 2021

Inicialmente motivada pelas descobertas das atrocidades ocorridas em experimentos no período da 2ª Guerra Mundial, a ética em pesquisa tornou-se tema recorrente no meio científico. Ela visa a orientar os pesquisadores na condução de suas atividades, a fim de resguardar os participantes da pesquisa contra eventuais riscos e danos e também assegurar a potencialização dos benefícios, com retorno social. Nesse sentido, o Conselho Nacional de Saúde instituiu, em 1996, a Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa para gerenciar os comitês de ética em pesquisa, os quais avaliam projetos de pesquisas que envolvam seres humanos. Com base nesse contexto, definiu-se como objetivo deste estudo identificar as pendências mais recorrentes nos pareceres emitidos pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Os dados foram coletados na Plataforma Brasil, atendo-se aos parecer emitidos pelo CEP/UFSM no período de 2016 a 2019, os quais totalizaram 1.128. A amostra, com parâmetros de intervalo de confiança de 95% e margem de erro de 5% resultou em 376 pareceres a serem analisados. Na análise dos dados se observou a orientação de Bardin (2011), com categorias de análise definidas à posteriori. As pendências encontradas nos pareceres dizem respeito a aspectos do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, metodologia, formalidades necessárias nos demais documentos obrigatórios e informações discordantes fornecidas no projeto, Plataforma Brasil e documentos anexados. Conclui-se que seus usuários carecem de atividades de capacitação sobre a elaboração de documentos e legislação.
Memoriais: “cantos de experiência” vivida e em devir
Authors: Passeggi Maria da Conceição
Published: November 2021

Apresentação do número especial de 2021, intitulado Memoriais de carreira docente.
Relato de Experiência: I Simpósio de Humanidades da Escola Estadual Regina Pacis (CERP)
Authors: Figueiredo Cristina De Oliveira , Lucas Yasmin Do Rego
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo é um relato de experiência sobre o primeiro I Simpósio de Humanidades da Escola Regina Pacis, em Raul Soares/Minas Gerais. O objetivo do evento era levar uma educação acentuadamente crítica e interdisciplinar aos seus estudantes, para além dos padrões tradicionais da sala de aula. A proposta era de tornar os jovens estudantes protagonistas e organizadores do simpósio. E ainda, nós graduandas em filosofia, fomos convidas a ministrar duas palestras sobre “O que faz o ser humano ser tão especial?”. Nesse relato pretendemos abordar a experiência de participar de um simpósio em uma rede estadual com estudantes do ensino médio, enxergando, assim, uma possibilidade de ensino/aprendizagem bastante pertinente. Além do mais, percebemos que é frutífera a aproximação da filosofia da educação de Mathew Lipman para uma leitura do simpósio.
Undergraduate Students’ Combinatorial Proof of Binomial Identities
Authors: Lockwood Elise , Reed Zackery , Erickson Sarah
Published: November 2021

Combinatorial proof serves both as an important topic in combinatorics and as a type of proof with certain properties and constraints. We report on a teaching experiment in which undergraduate students (who were novice provers) engaged in combinatorial reasoning as they proved binomial identities. We highlight ways of understanding that were important for their success with establishing combinatorial arguments; in particular, the students demonstrated referential symbolic reasoning within an enumerative representation system, and as the students engaged in successful combinatorial proof, they had to coordinate reasoning within algebraic and enumerative representation systems. We illuminate features of the students’ work that potentially contributed to their successes and highlight potential issues that students may face when working with binomial identities.
Situation center as an effective mechanism in management system
Authors: Starovoitov Vladimir Gavrilovich
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is the situation centers of the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the use of situation centers for improving the quality and effectiveness of managerial decision-making. The article employs the methods of economic analysis, forecasting, modeling, and systemic approach. The author examines the questions of creation and functionality of situation centers in the Russian Federation. It is noted that the Russian Federation has accumulated vast experience in establishment and activity of the situation centers. The research demonstrates that the situation centers allow increasing the competence, efficiency, and reliability of managerial decision-making, as well as ensure construction of a single dynamic vertical structure of decision-making. The novelty of this work lies in outlining the issues in the activity of situational centers at the current stage, the ways for their solution, and recommendation for the development of sitututations centers. The author also describes the feasibility of using situation centers in the conditions of pandemic for countering COVID-19. The conclusion is made that the system of situation centers is one of the crucial mechanisms for improving the effectiveness of public administration in achieving sustainable socioeconomic development and strengthening national security of the Russian Federation. The use of situation centers allows increasing the competence, efficiency, and reliability of managerial decision-making in vital spheres, healthcare in the time of pandemic. The research conducted in recent years prove the need for the transformation of traditional situation centers into the situation development centers.
Phage strategies facilitate bacterial coexistence under environmental variability
Authors: Voigt Esther , Rall Björn C. , Chatzinotas Antonis , Brose Ulrich , Rosenbaum Benjamin
Published: November 2021

Bacterial communities are often exposed to temporal variations in resource availability, which exceed bacterial generation times and thereby affect bacterial coexistence. Bacterial population dynamics are also shaped by bacteriophages, which are a main cause of bacterial mortality. Several strategies are proposed in the literature to describe infections by phages, such as “Killing the Winner”, “Piggyback the loser” (PtL) or “Piggyback the Winner” (PtW). The two temperate phage strategies PtL and PtW are defined by a change from lytic to lysogenic infection when the host density changes, from high to low or from low to high, respectively. To date, the occurrence of different phage strategies and their response to environmental variability is poorly understood. In our study, we developed a microbial trophic network model using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and performed ‘in silico’ experiments. To model the switch from the lysogenic to the lytic cycle, we modified the lysis rate of infected bacteria and their growth was turned on or off using a density-dependent switching point. We addressed whether and how the different phage strategies facilitate bacteria coexistence competing for limiting resources. We also studied the impact of a fluctuating resource inflow to evaluate the response of the different phage strategies to environmental variability. Our results show that the viral shunt (i.e. nutrient release after bacterial lysis) leads to an enrichment of the system. This enrichment enables bacterial coexistence at lower resource concentrations. We were able to show that an established, purely lytic model leads to stable bacterial coexistence despite fluctuating resources. Both temperate phage models differ in their coexistence patterns. The model of PtW yields stable bacterial coexistence at a limited range of resource supply and is most sensitive to resource fluctuations. Interestingly, the purely lytic phage strategy and PtW both result in stable bacteria coexistence at oligotrophic conditions. The PtL model facilitates stable bacterial coexistence over a large range of stable and fluctuating resource inflow. An increase in bacterial growth rate results in a higher resilience to resource variability for the PtL and the lytic infection model. We propose that both temperate phage strategies represent different mechanisms of phages coping with environmental variability. Our study demonstrates how phage strategies can maintain bacterial coexistence in constant and fluctuating environments.
VIDEO PSIKOEDUKASI SEBAGAI PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID DALAM MENOLONG ANAK KORBAN SEXUAL ABUSE
Authors: Gemilang Yustina , Santoso Magdalena Pranata
Published: November 2021

Kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak terus meningkat. Anak-anak merupakan kelompok yang paling sering menjadi korban terhadap sexual abuse. Tindakan sexual abuse memberikan dampak jangka pendek dan panjang pada anak. Trauma pada anak yang mengalami sexual abuse akan mereka alami seumur hidupnya. Trauma akibat sexual abuse pada anak akan semakin sulit dipulihkan jika tidak segera ditangani.  Anak-anak yang menjadi korban sexual abuse perlu segera ditolong. Pendekatan yang bisa dipakai untuk memberi dukungan psikologis pertama pada anak yaitu Psychological First Aid (PFA). PFA untuk anak-anak berkontribusi pada pencegahan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang masalah psikologis seperti trauma. Melakukan PFA pada anak yang menjadi korban sexual abuse dapat mengurangi risiko gangguan mental, meningkatkan self-healing, dan membangun harapan pada anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menolong anak korban sexual abuse mendapatkan dukungan psikologis pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dengan pakar dan studi literatur. Subyek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak korban sexual abuse usia 10-12 tahun dan penyintas sexual abuse. Disimpulkan video ini efektif menolong anak korban sexual abuse dalam memberikan dukungan psikologis pertama.
Adult education in Latin American and Caribbean social movements
Authors: Gerónimo‐López Kamil , Ramos Concha Gabriel , Holst John D.
Published: November 2021

This article introduces the reader to the nature of social movement‐based adult education practices in Latin America and the Caribbean by reviewing major social movements in the region from 2010 to 2020.
The long tradition of lifelong learning in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Camilo Recio Miriam , Cabrera Romero Francisco
Published: November 2021

This article presents a regional and institutional perspective on the education of youth and adults and lifelong learning in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Structural racism and youth and adult education in Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Ednéia , Catelli Roberto
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the intersection of youth and adult education (YAE) and race in Brazil. It provides principles and frameworks for anti‐racist youth and adult education.
Youth and adult education in Latin America and the Caribbean: The role of social movements
Authors: Acuña Collado Violeta , Rueda María Alicia , Holst John D.
Published: November 2021

This article draws together the diversity of practices and experiences presented in the previous articles. We identify the challenges and opportunities facing adult educators in Latin America and the Caribbean in a context of growing social movements and discuss the potential relevance of these practices and experiences for US adult educators.
Fabricating Honeycomb Titanium by Freeze Casting and Anodizing for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chen Zhuyin , Wu Chuanzong , Liu Xinli , Shen Ting , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2021

Herein, porous titanium materials with honeycomb pore structure are prepared by freeze casting. The effect of freezing temperature on the pore structure and mechanical properties is also investigated. As the freezing temperature decreases from −10 to −50 °C, the compressive strength decreases from 79.5 ± 9.2 to 55.0 ± 4.3 MPa, and then increases to 90.1 ± 4.4 MPa. Porous titanium with an average pore size of 111.3 ± 25.2 μm and porosity over 60% are obtained at −10 °C. And the porous titanium is observed to form a neatly arranged nanopore structure with an average pore size of 28.5 ± 2.8 nm on the surface after anodizing. These nanopore structures can promote MG‐63 cell adhesion and proliferation, thus improving the biocompatibility of porous titanium. Further, in the simulated body fluid culture experiment, culturing for 3 days can induce Ca2+ and PO43− to nucleate and deposit on the surface of anodized porous titanium, while 7 days can deposit a lot of apatite on the surface. In contrast, no apatite deposition is observed on the surface of the porous titanium sample without anodizing. These prepared porous titanium materials with high porosity, large pore size, sufficient mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and biological activity might be a potential biomedical material.
Unravelling the Mechanism of Intermediate‐Temperature CO2 Interaction with Molten‐NaNO3‐Salt‐Promoted MgO
Authors: Gao Wanlin , Xiao Jiewen , Wang Qiang , Li Shiyan , Vasiliades Michalis A. , Huang Liang , Gao Yanshan , Jiang Qian , Niu Yiming , Zhang Bingsen , Liu Yuefeng , He Hong , Efstathiou Angelos M.
Published: November 2021

The optimization of MgO‐based adsorbents as advanced CO2‐capture materials is predominantly focused on their molten‐salt modification, for which theoretical and experimental contributions provide great insights for their high CO2‐capture performance. The underlying mechanism of the promotion effect of the molten salt on CO2 capture, however, is a topic of controversy. Herein, advanced experimental characterization techniques, including in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (eTEM) and CO2 chemisorption by diffuse‐reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), transient 18O‐isotopic exchange, and density functional theory (DFT), are employed to elucidate the mechanism of the CO2 interaction with molten‐salt‐modified MgO in the 250–400 °C range. Herein, eTEM studies using low (2–3 mbar) and high (700 mbar) CO2 pressures illustrate the dynamic evolution of the molten NaNO3 salt promoted and unpromoted MgO carbonation with high magnification (<50 nm). The formation of 18O‐NaNO3 (use of 18O2) and C16O18O following CO2 interaction, verifies the proposed reaction path: conversion of NO3− (NO3− → NO2+ + O2–), adsorption of NO2+ on MgO with significant weakening of CO2 adsorption strength, and formation of [Mg2+… O2−] ion pairs preventing the development of an impermeable MgCO3 shell, which largely increases the rate of bulk MgO carbonation.
Bioinspired Quasi‐3D Multiplexed Anti‐Counterfeit Imaging via Self‐Assembled and Nanoimprinted Photonic Architectures
Authors: Lai Xintao , Ren Qun , Vogelbacher Florian , Sha Wei E. I. , Hou Xiaoyu , Yao Xi , Song Yanlin , Li Mingzhu
Published: November 2021

Innovative multiplexing technologies based on nano‐optics for anti‐counterfeiting have been proposed as overt and covert technologies to secure products and make them difficult to counterfeit. However, most of these nano‐optical anti‐counterfeiting materials are metasurfaces and metamaterials with complex and expensive fabrication process, often resulting in materials that are not damage tolerant. Highly efficient anti‐counterfeiting technologies with easy fabrication process are targeted for intuitive and effective authentication of banknotes, secure documents, and goods packing. Here, a simple strategy exploiting self‐assembling and nanoimprinting technique to fabricate a composite lattice photonic crystal architecture featuring full spatial control of light, multiplexed full‐pixel imaging, and multichannel cryptography combined with customized algorithms is reported. In particular, the real‐time encryption/recognition of mobile quick response codes and anti‐counterfeiting labels on a postage stamp, encoded by the proposed photonic architecture, are both demonstrated. The wave optics of scattering, diffraction, and polarization process involved are also described, validated with numerical simulations and experiments. By introducing a new degree of freedom in the 3D space, the multichannel image switching exhibits unprecedented variability of encryption, providing a promising roadmap to achieve larger information capacity, better security, and higher definition for the benefit of modern anti‐counterfeiting security.
Luminescent Defects in Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Applications
Authors: Zaumseil Jana
Published: November 2021

Semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes show extraordinary electronic and optical properties, such as high charge carrier mobilities and diameter‐dependent near‐infrared photoluminescence. The introduction of sp3 defects in the carbon lattice of these nanotubes creates new electronic states that result in even further red‐shifted photoluminescence with longer lifetimes and higher photoluminescence yield. These luminescent defects or organic color centers can be tuned chemically by controlling the precise binding configuration and the electrostatic properties of the attached substituents. This review covers the basic photophysics of luminescent sp3 defects, synthetic methods for their controlled formation and discusses their application as near‐infrared single‐photon emitters at room temperature, in electroluminescent devices, as versatile optical sensors, and as fluorophores for bioimaging and potential super‐resolution microscopy.
Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Substituted Aminobenzimidazole Manganese Complexes Derived from L‐Proline
Authors: Tian Jing , Lin Jin , Zhang Jisheng , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei
Published: November 2021

A family of manganese complexes [Mn(Rpeb)(OTf)2] (peb=1‐(1‐ethyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐N‐((1‐((1‐ethyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl) pyrrolidin‐2‐yl)methyl)‐N‐methylmethanamine)) derived from L‐proline has been synthesized and characterized, where R refers to the group at the diamine backbone. X‐ray crystallographic analyses indicate that all the manganese complexes [Mn(Rpeb)(OTf)2] exhibit cis‐α topology. These types of complexes are shown to catalyze the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins employing H2O2 as a terminal oxidant with up to 96% ee. Obviously, the R group of the diamine backbone can influence the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins. In particular, Mn(i‐Prpeb)(OTf)2 bearing an isopropyl arm, cannot catalyze the epoxidation reaction with H2O2 as the oxidant. However, when PhI(OAc)2 is used as the oxidant instead, all the manganese complexes including Mn(i‐Prpeb)(OTf)2 can promote the epoxidation reactions efficiently. Taken together, these results indicate that isopropyl substitution on the Rpeb ligand inhibits the formation of active Mn(V)‐oxo species in the H2O2/carboxylic acid system via an acid‐assisted pathway.

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Effects of broiler litter application rate and time on corn yield and environmental nitrogen loss
Authors: Singh Rajveer , Prasad Rishi , Guertal Beth , Balkcom Kipling , Lamba Jasmeet
Published: November 2021

Use of broiler litter (BL) for agronomic purposes requires balancing the amount of nitrogen (N) needed to maximize crop yield while reducing environmental N footprints. This 2‐yr study (2018–2019) compared the effects of N source (BL or urea), application rate [0, 168, and 336 kg total N ha–1), and application timing (single or split) on corn (Zea maysL.) yield and environmental nitrogen loss (ENL) on three Alabama soil types. A field‐scale partial N budget was developed by accounting for known N inputs and outputs. The difference between the input and output in the partial N budget was considered as ENL, which comprised of N losses via runoff, leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Application of BL increased corn yield relative to urea at only one site. At the responsive site, BL application rate had no significant effect on corn yield, but pre‐plant single application of BL produced 52% greater corn yield compared with split application. At other two sites where yield was lower for corn receiving BL, corn yield increased significantly with increasing BL application rate. Total N loss to the environment ranged between 32 and 52% of the N input. The influence of N source on ENL varied by site however losses increased with increasing N fertilization rates. Application timing did not influence ENL at two of three sites. This study showed that a lower application rate (168 kg ha–1) of BL prior to planting was a better management strategy for increasing corn yield, while reducing environmental N loss.
Difference in postcourse knowledge and confidence between Web‐based and on‐site training courses on resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta
Authors: Funakoshi Hiraku , Matsumura Yosuke , Maruhashi Takaaki , Ishida Kenichiro , Funabiki Tomohiro ,   DIRECT‐REBOA Course team
Published: November 2021

Aim

Effective courses are essential for highly invasive procedures such as resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. However, the coronavirus disease pandemic has forced the postponement of on‐site educational courses due to transmission concerns. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of Web‐based education in highly invasive procedures. To address this knowledge gap, this study aimed to investigate whether knowledge acquisition and confidence after the Web‐based course are different from those acquired after the on‐site course, using pre‐ and postcourse test scores.

Methods

The increase in scores before and after the course was compared between the on‐site and Web‐based courses. The questions reflected knowledge about seven different topics in the course modules. In addition, participants were asked about their self‐rated confidence about three topics before and after the course.

Results

Thirty learners completed the on‐site course, and 21 learners completed the Web‐based course. Forty‐seven learners completed both the precourse and postcourse tests. In both courses, the difference between the precourse and postcourse test scores showed a statistically significant increase in knowledge (on‐site course: increased score, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 2.8; Web‐based course: increased score, 1.6, 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 2.5). However, the difference was not statistically significant in the self‐rated confidence scores about “sheath and catheter removal” among learners of the Web‐based course.

Conclusion

Knowledge increased significantly in both the on‐site and Web‐based courses. However, the Web‐based course might not be sufficient to give learners confidence in the procedures.
Combination therapy with levofloxacin and cefepime to treat severe respiratory infection due to Aeromonas caviae after a near‐drowning accident in river water
Authors: Maeda Atsuo , Nakajima Yasuhiro , Yanagisawa Kaoru , Sugimoto Tatsuya , Harano Kohei , Kaki Yuki , Sasaki Jun , Dohi Kenji , Hayashi Munetaka
Published: November 2021

Background

Aeromonas spp. are gram‐negative anaerobic rods that are mainly found in water. Respiratory infections due to Aeromonas sp. are rare but have a high mortality rate.

Case presentation

A 43‐year‐old man fell into a river following an automobile accident and almost drowned. He developed a severe respiratory infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ampicillin/sulbactam was given; however, Aeromonas caviae was detected in his blood culture. Despite treatment with levofloxacin, to which A. caviae was susceptible, his condition failed to improve. However, with additional treatment with cefepime, his blood culture results were negative, and his condition improved.

Conclusion

When a patient develops a respiratory infection after aspiration of river water, empiric antimicrobial therapy should be given as soon as possible to manage the risk of Aeromonas sp. infection.
Efficient Biexciton State Preparation in a Semiconductor Quantum Dot‐Metallic Nanoparticle Hybrid Structure Using Transitionless Quantum Driving
Authors: Smponias Athanasios , Stefanatos Dionisis , Paspalakis Emmanuel
Published: November 2021

How to efficiently prepare the biexciton state in a semiconductor quantum dot placed in the vicinity of a metal nanoparticle is investigated, with control pulses calculated using shortcuts to adiabaticity and specificaly transitionless quantum driving. The quantum dot is considered to be initialized in its ground state. It is numerically demonstrated that the proposed scheme can generate biexciton population values close to unity, for a broad span of interparticle distances and small to moderate values of the biexciton binding energy, when using short laser pulses. It is also shown that these results are robust for small errors in the nanoparticle placement. When the interparticle distance is decreased or the duration of the applied pulses is increased, the population transfer to the biexciton state is reduced. The reason is that for shorter distances the nonlinear terms in the density matrix equation, arising due to exciton‐plasmon interaction, become stronger, while for longer pulses the influence of these unwanted terms is prolonged. Similarly, the fidelity is also reduced for larger values of the biexciton binding energy and longer pulses. This work may be exploited in research fields like quantum information processing and high speed nanoswitches, where a key procedure is the efficient biexciton state preparation in quantum dots.
Truly‐Biocompatible Gold Catalysis Enables Vivo‐Orthogonal Intra‐CNS Release of Anxiolytics
Authors: Ortega‐Liebana M. Carmen , Porter Nicola J. , Adam Catherine , Valero Teresa , Hamilton Lloyd , Sieger Dirk , Becker Catherina G. , Unciti‐Broceta Asier
Published: November 2021

Being recognized as the best‐tolerated of all metals, the catalytic potential of gold (Au) has thus far been hindered by the ubiquitous presence of thiols in organisms. Herein we report the development of a truly‐catalytic Au‐polymer composite by assembling ultrasmall Au‐nanoparticles at the protein‐repelling outer layer of a co‐polymer scaffold via electrostatic loading. Illustrating the in vivo‐compatibility of the novel catalysts, we show their capacity to uncage the anxiolytic agent fluoxetine at the central nervous system (CNS) of developing zebrafish, influencing their swim pattern. This bioorthogonal strategy has enabled ‐for the first time‐ modification of cognitive activity by releasing a neuroactive agent directly in the brain of an animal.
Stabilizing MXene by Hydration Chemistry in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Wang Zhiyu , Qiu Jieshan
Published: November 2021

MXenes attract interest in diverse fields but suffer from fast structural degradation by attacking of dissolved oxygen and water molecules in aqueous solution. This drawback hinders the long‐term storage, applications and understanding of the chemical nature of MXenes. Herein, we report a cost‐effective and environmentally sustainable way for long‐term storage of MXenes in aqueous solution by hydration chemistry of nontoxic inorganic salts. The attacking of MXene by free water and dissolved oxygen molecules is inhibited by decreasing the water activity, which simultaneously lowers the dissolved oxygen concentration, of saline solution. As a result, the storage life of MXene can be prolonged to up to 400 days at ambient conditions without loss of intrinsic surface chemistry and bulk carrier properties. Over 90 % of salt protectant can be recycled by simply evaporating the final waste liquor after fully extracting the MXene to minimize the waste discharge and processing cost. This work offers a commercializable approach with high cost‐effectiveness, processing sustainability and environmental benefit for extending the shelf life of MXenes.
Application of Perovskite Quantum Dots as an Absorber in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chi Weiguang , Banerjee Sanjay K.
Published: November 2021

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) preserve the attractive properties of perovskite bulk materials and present additional advantages, owing to their quantum confinement effect, leading to their suitability as an absorber in perovskite solar cells. In this Review, the issues and advantages of perovskite QDs are analyzed in the context of purification, device fabrication with perovskite QDs, light absorption, charge transport, and stability. In addition, promising strategies to enhance perovskite QDs and QD‐based solar cells are elucidated based on exchange chemistry (ion and ligand exchange), passivation engineering (ion and ligand passivation), and structure engineering (conventional/inverted, planar/mesoscopic and dimensionally graded structures). These discussions will give a clue to the further development of perovskite QDs and thus the advancement of QD‐based solar cells.
Modeling of viscoelastic behavior of a shape memory polymer blend
Authors: Ben Abdallah Abir , Kallel Achraf , Hassine Tarek , Gamaoun Fehmi , Tcharkhtchi Abbas
Published: November 2021

Shape memory effect (SME) of polymers is a property that concerns both, macroscopic and microscopic changes. The variation of internal polymer properties such, as molecular weight (Mw), rigidity, and viscoelasticity could alter its SME. In this study, a bi‐parabolic model with six parameters is used to describe the viscoelastic behavior of a shape memory polymer (SMP) blend (40% poly(caprolactone), PCL/60% Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene) with different PCL Mw. These parameters are determined using the Cole–Cole method. Modeling curves (E″ = f (E′)) will be then compared to experimental data from dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. It is shown that the bi‐parabolic model predicts well the behavior of the SMP mixture for different Mw of PCL. Afterwards, the evolution of the model parameters with the Mw of PCL is investigated. It is revealed that, when Mw of PCL drops, the relaxation modulus E0 increases. This result proves that the rigidity of the SMP blend rises with Mw declines.
Beauty and the beast: A psychoanalytically oriented qualitative study detailing mothers' experience of perinatal obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Meehan Sofie , O'Connor John , Keogh Karen
Published: November 2021

Our understanding of mothers' experience of perinatal obsessive‐compulsive disorder (POCD) is limited. While symptoms of POCD have been documented in the literature, the wider lived experience of people with this condition has received less attention. This study used a psychoanalytically informed research method to explore mothers' experiences of POCD. Five participants each engaged in three unstructured interviews, where participants were given time and space to discuss their personal experience. Three major themes emerged from the interviews conducted: a difficult road to motherhood, which related to the challenges participants faced becoming mothers; protector/aggressor, which described the tension between participants' intrusive thoughts and their desire to protect their baby; and mothers' loss, which described participants' sense of sadness having experienced POCD at this special time in their lives. These themes are discussed in relation to their significance for our thinking about mothers' experience of POCD during pregnancy, postnatally and beyond.
Experimental and Computational Study on Photophysical Properties of Mesoionic Chalcogenones
Authors: Hu Chubin , Huang Shiqing , Zhang Zengyu , Yao Haidan , Wu Yixin , Huang Linwei , Yan Xiaoyu
Published: November 2021

N‐Heterocyclic carbene adducts with main group elements (NHC=E) have aroused great interest and have been widely investigated in coordination chemistry. Among them, N‐heterocyclic carbene adducts with chalcogens (NHC=Ch) have been known for a long time. Their investigations mostly focused on synthesis, coordination chemistry and electrochemistry. Their photophysical properties still remain unexplored. In this work, the photophysical properties of mesoionic carbene adducts with sulfur and selenium have been investigated both in solution and solid state. These compounds showed blue fluorescence in dichloromethane. While in solid state, orange to red room‐temperature phosphorescence can be observed, and dual emission was found in mesoionic thiones. Furthermore, time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations were used to obtain insights into the luminescent mechanism.
TXS 0128+554: A young gamma‐ray emitting active galactic nucleus with episodic jet activity
Authors: Lister Matthew L. , Homan Dan C. , Kovalev Yuri Y. , Mandal Soham , Pushkarev Alexander B. , Siemiginowska Aneta
Published: November 2021

We carried out a Chandra X‐ray and multi‐frequency very long baseline array (VLBA) study of TXS 0128+554, which is associated with the Fermi γ‐ray source 4FGL J0131.2+5547. The active galactic nuclei (AGN) is unresolved in a 19.3 ks Chandra X‐ray image, and its X‐ray spectrum is well fit by a simple absorbed power law model, with no distinguishable spectral features. Its relatively soft X‐ray spectrum compared to other compact symmetric object (CSOs) may be indicative of a thermal emission component, for which we were able to obtain an upper‐temperature limit of kT <0.08 keV. The compact radio morphology and advanced speed of indicating a kinematic age of 82 ±17 years, placing TXS 0128+554 among the youngest members of the CSO class. The lack of compact, inverted spectrum hotspots, and an emission gap between the bright inner jet and outer radio lobe structure indicate that the jets have undergone episodic activity, and were re‐launched a decade ago. The predicted γ‐ray emission from the lobes, based on an inverse Compton‐emitting cocoon model, is three orders of magnitude below the observed Fermi‐LAT flux. A comparison to other Fermi‐detected and non‐Fermi detected CSOs with redshift indicates that the γ‐ray emission likely originates in the inner jet/core region, and that nearby, recently launched AGN jets are primary candidates for detection by Fermi.
Energy levels of the singly ionized titanium: Ti II ion
Authors: Alkallas Fatemah H. , Abu El Maati Lamia , Ben Nessib Nabil , Dimitrijević Milan S.
Published: November 2021

In this work, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities for the Ti II ion are calculated by the Hartree–Fock pseudo‐Relativistic method using the Cowan (CW) atomic structure code and by the Thomas‐Fermi‐Dirac‐Amaldi method using the AUTOSTRUCTURE (AS) atomic structure code. We used the terms and levels generated by the 12 configurations: 3d2 ns (n = 4–6), 3d2 np (n = 4,5), 3d2 nd (n = 4,5), 3d2 4f, 3d 4s np (n = 4,5), 3d 4s2, 3d3. We improved our ab initio calculated data by using the semi‐empirical methods in the CW and AS atomic structure codes. We also compared them with other theoretical and experimental results and obtained new data for this ion.
Accretion properties of low‐luminosity active galactic nuclei
Authors: Ramakrishnan Venkatessh , Chan Chi‐Kwan , Nagar Neil
Published: November 2021

We aim to leverage the transformational science enabled by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to study the physics of, and near, the black holes in a sample of galaxies covering a large parameter space in supermassive black hole mass, accretion rate, and jet power. To this end, we work on a sample of nearby galaxies whose directly measured black hole masses and distances imply that 40 micro‐arcsec EHT observations will resolve the central engine at <100 Schwarzschild radius resolution. To complement the near‐future EHT observations, we attempt to constrain the accretion properties of nearby active galactic nuclei by modeling the broadband spectral energy distribution using a general relativistic Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. These results will provide apriori information that is vital for an accurate ray‐tracing of EHT millimeter maps of accretion flows in the future.
Ethics Training Is Essential for Environmental Laboratories
Authors: Adams Hunter , Wangsness Kathryn , Johnson Mary , Olund Shane , Loudon Jennifer , Hertz Charles D. , Morin Erin
Published: November 2021

Key Takeaways

Ethics is a guiding moral philosophy for decision‐making and is part of a sound quality assurance/quality control program; likewise, data integrity must be rooted in sound principles.

Analysts at water, wastewater, and public health laboratories owe it to their profession and the public to always maintain data integrity, otherwise risking potentially serious consequences.

Steps can be taken to better ensure ethical laboratory practices, such as ethics training, data review, policies, codes of ethics, and internal audits.
Adaptive learning: Helpful to the flipped classroom in the online environment of COVID?
Authors: Clark Renee M. , Kaw Autar K. , Braga Gomes Rafael
Published: November 2021

Flipped instruction in an undergraduate numerical methods course in the online, remote environment during the COVID‐19 pandemic was conducted with and without the use of adaptive‐learning lessons for pre‐class preparation. This comparison was made to explore potential differences with and without adaptive software relative to exam and concept inventory performance and student perceptions of the classroom environment, learning and motivation, and benefits and drawbacks. Student perceptions were gathered via the College and University Classroom Environment Inventory (CUCEI) and a survey designed to capture feedback specific to flipped instruction. The analysis was made possible by a current NSF grant to study adaptive learning in the flipped classroom at three universities and extensive prior research with the flipped classroom and adaptive learning by the authors. Results gathered in the online flipped classroom with adaptive learning suggested positive changes in the following: classroom environmental perceptions, preference for flipped instruction, perceived responsibility imposed, motivation for independent learning, and perceived learning. Furthermore, based on an open‐ended question, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of students who experienced load, burden, or stressors in the online flipped classroom when adaptive learning was available versus not. Multiple‐choice exam and concept‐inventory results were slightly higher with adaptive lessons (although not significantly so), with the most promising results occurring for Pell grant recipients. The emerging medical education literature has suggested that adaptive learning and flipped instruction will be key to post‐pandemic education. The present article begins advocacy for adaptive learning with flipped instruction in engineering education.
Discovery of a novel potentially transforming somatic mutation in CSF2RB gene in breast cancer
Authors: Rashid Mamoon , Ali Rizwan , Almuzzaini Bader , Song Hao , AlHallaj Alshaimaa , Abdulkarim Al Abdulrahman , Mohamed Baz Omar , Al Zahrani Hajar , Mustafa Sabeena Muhammed , Alharbi Wardah , Hussein Mohamed , Boudjelal Mohamed
Published: November 2021

The colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta (CSF2RB) is the common signaling subunit of the cytokine receptors for IL‐3, IL‐5, and GM‐CSF. Several studies have shown that spontaneous and random mutants of CSF2RB can lead to ligand independence in vitro. To date, no report(s) have been shown for the presence of potentially transforming and oncogenic CSF2RB mutation(s) clinically in cancer patients until the first reported case of a leukemia patient in 2016 harboring a germline‐activating mutation (R461C). We combined exome sequencing, pathway analyses, and functional assays to identify novel somatic mutations in KAIMRC1 cells and breast tumor specimen. The patient’s peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) exome served as a germline control in the identification of somatic mutations. Here, we report the discovery of a novel potentially transforming and oncogenic somatic mutation (S230I) in the CSF2RB gene of a breast cancer patient and the cell line, KAIMRC1 established from her breast tumor tissue. KAIMRC1 cells are immortalized and shown to survive and proliferate in ligand starvation condition. Immunoblot analysis showed that mutant CSF2RB signals through JAK2/STAT and PI3K/mTOR pathways in ligand starvation conditions. Screening a small molecule kinase inhibitor library revealed potent JAK2 inhibitors against KAIMRC1 cells. We, for the first time, identified a somatic, potentially transforming, and oncogenic CSF2RB mutation (S230I) in breast cancer patients that seem to be an actionable mutation leading to the development of new therapeutics for breast cancer.
Identifying a molecular profile to predict the risk of recurrence in high‐intermediate risk endometrial cancer
Authors: Arend Rebecca C. , Scalise Carly B. , Dholakia Jhalak , Kamal Maahum Z. , Thigpen Haley B. , Crossman David , Huh Warner K. , Leath Charles A.
Published: November 2021

Background

Patients with high‐intermediate risk endometrial cancer (H‐IR EMCA) have an elevated risk of recurrence compared to low‐risk counterparts. Many H‐IR EMCA patients are treated with radiation or chemotherapy, but their overall survival is not significantly impacted by treatment. The objective of this study was to compare molecular profiles of H‐IR EMCA patients with disease recurrence to those without to identify characteristics that could better predict patient outcomes.

Methods

Tissue was acquired from H‐IR EMCA patients with disease recurrence (n=15) and without disease recurrence (n=15) who had not received adjuvant therapy and performed DNA and RNA analyses.

Results

In recurrent population, 5 patients had matchingrecurrent and initial tumor tissues. Of note, 5/7 (71%) African Americanpatients had disease recurrence compared to 10/23 (43%) White patients. Inaddition, several new mutations were found in individual patient’s recurrentcompared to initial tumors.

Conclusions

Currently the treatment ofendometrial cancer is rapidly changing with molecular profiling becoming partof the standard of care. Additionally, it and is being incorporated intoclinical trials in this group of patients. The specific gene mutations and RNAexpression signatures that were observed in our small cohort need to bevalidated in larger cohorts to determine their impact.