bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Bilingual Nutrition Education Program in Partnership with a Mobile Health Unit
Authors: French Madeleine L. , Christensen Joshua T. , Estabrooks Paul A. , Hernandez Alexandra M. , Metos Julie M. , Marcus Robin L. , Thorpe Alistair , Dvorak Theresa E. , Jordan Kristine C.
Published: February 2024

There are limited reports of community-based nutrition education with culinary instruction that measure biomarkers, particularly in low-income and underrepresented minority populations. Teaching kitchens have been proposed as a strategy to address social determinants of health, combining nutrition education, culinary demonstration, and skill building. The purpose of this paper is to report on the development, implementation, and evaluation of Journey to Health, a program designed for community implementation using the RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework. Reach and effectiveness were the primary outcomes. Regarding reach, 507 individuals registered for the program, 310 participants attended at least one nutrition class, 110 participants completed at least two biometric screens, and 96 participants attended at least two health coaching appointments. Participants who engaged in Journey to Health realized significant improvements in body mass index, blood pressure, and triglycerides. For higher risk participants, we additionally saw significant improvements in total and LDL cholesterol. Regarding dietary intake, we observed a significant increase in cups of fruit and a decrease in sugar sweetened beverages consumed per day. Our findings suggest that Journey to Health may improve selected biometrics and health behaviors in low-income and underrepresented minority participants.
Plant-Based Diet and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from a Thai Health-Promoting Hospital
Authors: Adokwe Jonah Bawa , Waeyeng Donrawee , Suwan Kanyamon , Camsanit Kanchana , Kaiduong Chanakan , Nuanrat Pawida , Pouyfung Phisit , Yimthiang Supabhorn , Petchoo Jaruneth , Satarug Soisungwan , Khamphaya Tanaporn
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with diet. While consumption of plant-based foods may reduce blood sugar levels, the impact of consuming plant-based foods on fasting blood sugar levels has not been well defined. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Health-Promoting Hospital in Pak Phun Municipality, Thailand. It included 61 patients with T2DM and 74 controls matched for age and gender. Dietary intake levels among T2DM and controls were assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire from which plant-based-food scores were calculated. This study found significant differences between specific plant foods and fasting blood sugar levels in patients with T2DM. Adherence to a plant-based diet appeared to influence fasting blood sugar levels. Patients who consumed higher amounts of certain vegetables and fruits showed lower fasting blood sugar levels. Diabetic patients consumed more legumes than controls, but the consumption of cereals and nuts/seeds in the two groups were similar. Consumption of nuts and seeds was also associated with a 76.3% reduction in the risk of a T2DM diagnosis. These findings suggest the potential efficacy of glycemic control in T2DM patients. More work is required to explore strategies for preventing and treating metabolic disorders through dietary modification.
The Impact of Work Environment on Structural Empowerment among Nurses in Governmental Hospitals
Authors: AL-Ghwary Abdalhady A. , AL-Oweidat Islam A. , Al-Qudimat Ahmad R. , Abu Shosha Ghada M. , Khalifeh Anas H. , ALBashtawy Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Background: The work environment is considered an important factor for the success of any healthcare organization that keeps upstanding and can compete with others to achieve the organization and employee’s goals. This study aims to examine the effect of the workplace environment on the structural empowerment of registered nurses in governmental hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey study. The sample consisted of 405 nurses from three Jordanian governmental hospitals. Data were collected using an online self-reported questionnaire that was distributed to the participants. The questionnaire included sections on demographic characteristics, the structural empowerment scale, and the work environment scale. Data collection took place between 1 January 2023 and 15 February 2023. Results: The participants demonstrated various levels in their perceptions of the working environment. They demonstrated a moderate perception level toward stress and work pressure, role clarity, peer cohesive subscale, and for working environment scale while they reported a low perception level on ethical, autonomy, work practices, managerial support, commitment, and social responsibility subscales. However, the nurses’ work environment overall score was found to be at a moderate level (3.15 out of 5 ± 0.61). Furthermore, their structural empowerment level was found to be at a moderate level (19.40 out of 30 ± 3.68). Conclusions: Highly empowered nurses’ work environments display higher structural empowerment. Applying structural empowerment in work environments is very important to improve nurses’ performance, ensure the highest level of patient care quality, and achieve organizational goals.
Dual Role of Alchemilla vulgaris L. Extract in Breast Cancer Regression: Reestablishment of Effective Immune Response
Authors: Jelača Sanja , Jovanovic Ivan , Bovan Dijana , Jovanovic Marina Z. , Jurisevic Milena M. , Dunđerović Duško , Dajic-Stevanovic Zora , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović-Ivanić Danijela
Published: February 2024

Ethnomedicinal records have long mentioned the historical usage of Alchemilla vulgaris L. in folk medicine, particularly for the treatment of gynecological issues. Building on this ethnomedicinal knowledge regarding female illnesses, the aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of ethanolic extract of A. vulgaris on mouse breast cancer cells (4T1) in vitro and in vivo, in addition to its effect on the immune compartment in the tumor microenvironment. Behind viability decrease of 4T1 cells induced by treatment with A. vulgaris extract was strong inhibition of cell proliferation accompanied by caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Observed changes in 4T1 cell culture after treatment were well orchestrated and led to a reduction in metastatic potential through weakened adhesion, invasion, migration, and colony-forming abilities in vitro. Enhanced intracellular production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species promoted by the treatment might interfere with all the observed effects. Apart from the direct effect on tumor cells, the A. vulgaris extract significantly reduced tumor growth in the solid orthotropic mammary carcinoma model through restitution of efficient local and systemic immune response reflected in enhanced antigen-presenting potential of dendritic cells (DCs) as well as the extent and activity of effector T cells.
Dyslipidemia: A Narrative Review on Pharmacotherapy
Authors: de Oliveira Lucas , de Assis Arthur , Giraldez Viviane , Scudeler Thiago , Soares Paulo
Published: February 2024

Dyslipidemia plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Current guidelines for treating dyslipidemia focus on low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL-C). Despite advances in the pharmacotherapy of atherosclerosis, the most successful agents used to treat this disease—statins—remain insufficient in the primary or secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarction. Advancing therapy for hypercholesterolemia with emerging new drugs, either as monotherapy or in combination, is expected to improve cardiovascular outcomes. An emerging field in dyslipidemia pharmacotherapy is research on genetic therapies and genetic modulation. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying lipid alterations may lead to the development of personalized treatments that directly target the genetic causes of dyslipidemia. RNA messenger (mRNA)-based therapies are also being explored, offering the ability to modulate gene expression to normalize lipid levels. Furthermore, nanotechnology raises new possibilities in drug delivery for treating dyslipidemia. Controlled-release systems, nanoparticles, and liposomes can enhance the effectiveness and safety of medications by providing more precise and sustained release. This narrative review summarizes current and emerging therapies for the management of patients with dyslipidemia.
Profiling the Phytochemicals of Orostachys margaritifolia: Biological Activities, LC-ESI/MS, and HPLC Analyses
Authors: Yoon Nari , Yu Hyeonjun , Tran Gia Han , Ko Chung Ho , Kim Hoon , Yoon Mi Jeong , Lee Sanghyun
Published: February 2024

Orostachys margaritifolia Y. N. Lee (OMY) is an endemic Korean plant in the family Crassulaceae that is known to contain a variety of bioactive compounds. To assess the physiological activities of an OMY ethanol extract, ABTS+ and DPPH radical scavenging assays and a nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay were conducted. The phytochemical makeup of the extract was profiled via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC/PDA). The OMY extract was found to have weaker ABTS+ and DPPH radical scavenging activities than the control group (green tea). In the NO inhibition assay, the OMY extract induced a significant increase in macrophage cell viability but showed a lower NO inhibitory activity than l-NAME, producing an IC50 value of 202.6 μg/mL. The LC-ESI/MS and HPLC/PDA analyses identified isoquercitrin and astragalin in the OMY extract, quantifying their contents at 3.74 mg/g and 3.19 mg/g, respectively. The study revealed possibilities for the utilization of OMY as a future source of drugs for alleviating inflammation and diseases related to reactive oxygen species.
Ranibizumab Port Delivery System in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Where Do We Stand? Overview of Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Results, and Future Directions
Authors: Carlà Matteo Mario , Savastano Maria Cristina , Boselli Francesco , Giannuzzi Federico , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: February 2024

The ranibizumab (RBZ) port delivery system (PDS) is a device designed to continuously deliver RBZ in the vitreous chamber for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). It is implanted during a surgical procedure and can provide sustained release of the medication for several months. This review, updated to January 2024, focuses on past clinical studies as well as current and forthcoming trials looking into a PDS with RBZ. In the phase 2 LADDER trial, the mean time to first refill of a PDS with RBZ 100 mg/mL was 15.8 months, with the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile showing a sustained concentration of RBZ in the blood and aqueous humor. More recently, a PDS with RBZ (100 mg/mL) refilled every 24 weeks was shown to be non-inferior to a monthly intravitreal injection (IVI) with RBZ (0.5 mg) over 40 and 92 weeks in the phase 3 ARCHWAY trial. The refill every 24 weeks allowed for a RBZ vitreous exposure within the concentration range of monthly intravitreal injections (IVIs), and the expected half-life (106 days) was comparable with the in vitro results. Nonetheless, vitreous hemorrhage and endophthalmitis were more common side effects in PDS patients. In conclusion, a PDS continuously delivering RBZ has a clinical effectiveness level comparable with IVI treatment. However, a greater frequency of unfavorable occurrences highlights the need for procedure optimization for a wider adoption. Ongoing trials and possible future approaches need to be addressed.
Maximising CO2 Sequestration in the City: The Role of Green Walls in Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Jozay Mansoure , Zarei Hossein , Khorasaninejad Sarah , Miri Taghi
Published: February 2024

Environmental issues are a pressing concern for modern societies, and the increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 have led to global warming. To mitigate climate change, reducing carbon emissions is crucial, and carbon sequestration plays a critical role in this effort. Technologies for utilising CO2 can be divided into two major categories: direct use and conversion into chemicals and energy, and indirect use as a carbon source for plants. While plants’ ability to absorb and store CO2 makes them the best CO2 sink, finding suitable urban areas for significant green spaces is a challenge. Green walls are a promising solution, as they require less land, provide more ecosystem services than horizontal systems do, and can contribute to reducing environmental problems. This study evaluates the conceptual potentials and limitations of urban biomass circulation in terms of energy production, food production, and CO2 consumption, focusing on growth-promoting bacteria, urban agriculture, and vertical systems. The aim of this research is discovering new methods of carbon sequestration using multi-purpose green walls to achieve sustainable urban development and CO2 reduction strategies to contribute to a more sustainable future.
Highly Electroconductive Metal-Polymer Hybrid Foams Based on Silver Nanowires: Manufacturing and Characterization
Authors: Linul Petrică , Bănică Radu , Grad Oana , Linul Emanoil , Vaszilcsin Nicolae
Published: February 2024

Due to their electroconductive properties, flexible open-cell polyurethane foam/silver nanowire (PUF/AgNW) structures can provide an alternative for the construction of cheap pressure transducers with limited lifetimes or used as filter media for air conditioning units, presenting bactericidal and antifungal properties. In this paper, highly electroconductive metal-polymer hybrid foams (MPHFs) based on AgNWs were manufactured and characterized. The electrical resistance of MPHFs with various degrees of AgNW coating was measured during repeated compression. For low degrees of AgNW coating, the decrease in electrical resistance during compression occurs in steps and is not reproducible with repeated compression cycles due to the reduced number of electroconductive zones involved in obtaining electrical conductivity. For high AgNW coating degrees, the decrease in resistance is quasi-linear and reproducible after the first compression cycle. However, after compression, cracks appear in the foam cell structure, which increases the electrical resistance and decreases the mechanical strength. It can be considered that PUFs coated with AgNWs have a compression memory effect and can be used as cheap solutions in industrial processes in which high precision is not required, such as exceeding a maximum admissible load or as ohmic seals for product security.
Algae-Based Biopolymers for Batteries and Biofuel Applications in Comparison with Bacterial Biopolymers—A Review
Authors: Joshi Jnanada Shrikant , Langwald Sarah Vanessa , Ehrmann Andrea , Sabantina Lilia
Published: February 2024

Algae-based biopolymers can be used in diverse energy-related applications, such as separators and polymer electrolytes in batteries and fuel cells and also as microalgal biofuel, which is regarded as a highly renewable energy source. For these purposes, different physical, thermochemical, and biochemical properties are necessary, which are discussed within this review, such as porosity, high temperature resistance, or good mechanical properties for batteries and high energy density and abundance of the base materials in case of biofuel, along with the environmental aspects of using algae-based biopolymers in these applications. On the other hand, bacterial biopolymers are also often used in batteries as bacterial cellulose separators or as biopolymer network binders, besides their potential use as polymer electrolytes. In addition, they are also regarded as potential sustainable biofuel producers and converters. This review aims at comparing biopolymers from both aforementioned sources for energy conversion and storage. Challenges regarding the production of algal biopolymers include low scalability and low cost-effectiveness, and for bacterial polymers, slow growth rates and non-optimal fermentation processes often cause challenges. On the other hand, environmental benefits in comparison with conventional polymers and the better biodegradability are large advantages of these biopolymers, which suggest further research to make their production more economical.
The Effect of Powder Re-Use on the Coalescence Behaviour and Isothermal Crystallisation Kinetics of Polyamide 12 within Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Sanders Benjamin , Cant Edward , Kelly Catherine A. , Jenkins Michael
Published: February 2024

Polymer powder bed fusion (PBF) is becoming increasingly popular for the fabrication of lightweight, high-performance parts, particularly for medical and aerospace applications. This study investigates the effect of powder re-use and material aging on the coalescence behaviour, melt flowability, and isothermal crystallisation kinetics of polyamide-12 (PA-12) powder. With increased powder re-use, a progressive reduction in melt flowability and material coalescence is observed; at 200 °C, the particle consolidation time increases from 15 s in virgin powder to 180 s in powder recovered from build 6. The observed changes in the behaviour of PA-12 were attributed to polycondensation and cross-linking; these aging phenomena also create structural defects, which hinder the rate and extent of primary crystallisation. At an isothermal crystallisation temperature of 165 °C, the crystallisation half-time increased from 12.78 min in virgin powder to 23.95 min in powder re-used across six build cycles. As a result, the commonly used Avrami model was found to be unsuitable for modelling the crystallisation behaviour of aged PA-12 powder, with the co-efficient of determination (R2) reducing from >0.995 for virgin powder to as low as 0.795 for re-used powder. On the other hand, an alternative method, the Hay model, is able to successfully track full phase transformation within re-used powder (R2 > 0.99). These results highlight the importance of selecting the most appropriate model for analysing the crystallisation kinetics of PA-12 powder re-used across multiple build cycles. This understanding is crucial for obtaining the strong mechanical properties and dimensional precision required for the fabrication of functional, end-use parts within PBF.
Evaluation of the Mechanical and Adhesion Characteristics of Indirect Restorations Manufactured with Three-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Peskersoy Cem , Oguzhan Aybeniz
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal fit and bond strength characteristics of onlay restorations manufactured by three-dimensional printing (Varseo XS, Bego GmbH, Bremen, Germany) and CAD/CAM (CAMcube, Montreal, QC, Canada) systems. Class II onlay cavities on sixty mandibular molars were prepared in cavities and restored in three separate groups using different fabrication methods. Digital and conventional impressions were taken to design the restorations in the CAD system (DWOS, Straumann GmbH, Freiburg, Germany). To evaluate the marginal fit and void volumes, all specimens were scanned with microcomputed tomography. A microshear test was performed to compare the bond strength of the restorations to the tooth surface. The marginal fit values measured for the 3D-printed and CAD/CAM onlay restorations were found to be at clinically acceptable levels (<120 µm), and no significant difference could be observed between the three different fabrication methods (p > 0.05). According to the microshear test results, the CAD/CAM group had the highest bond strength values before (34.82 MPa) and after (26.87 MPa) thermal cycling (p < 0.05), while the 3D-printed and conventionally produced onlays had similar results (p < 0.05). 3D printing technology is a promising option for indirect restorations; however, the post-production phase is as crucial as the printing and cementation phases.
Correction: Mamardashvili et al. New Polyporphyrin Arrays with Controlled Fluorescence Obtained by Diaxial Sn(IV)-Porphyrin Phenolates Chelation with Cu2+ Cation. Polymers 2021, 13, 829
Authors: Mamardashvili Galina M. , Lazovskiy Dmitriy A. , Khodov Ilya A. , Efimov Artem E. , Mamardashvili Nugzar Z.
Published: February 2024

In the original publication [...]
Cystic Duct Remnant–Duodenal Fistula following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Polikarpova Aleksandra , Lau Ngee-Soon , Yeo David
Published: February 2024

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common procedure performed for the management of symptomatic gallstone disease. This, however, can be complicated by the formation of fistulous communications between the biliary tree and the gastrointestinal tract. This abnormal communication allows for the flow of bile and bowel contents between two systems (biliary system and intestine), which can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and biliary sepsis. We would like to present a rare case of fistulous communication between the cystic duct stump and duodenum and outline possible contributing factors. The literature review describes the most common interventions for the management of fistulas with emphasis on ERCP and stent preferences to eliminate transpapillary pressure gradient, which directly contributes to fistula closure.
Enhancing the Assimilation of SWOT Simulated Observations Using a Multi-Scale 4DVAR Method in Regional Ocean Modeling System
Authors: Zhou Chaojie , Cui Wei , Sun Ruili , Huang Ying , Zhuang Zhanpeng
Published: February 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach to enhance the assimilation of high-resolution simulated observations, specifically targeting Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) Ka-band Radar Interferometer Sea Surface Height (SSH) products, within the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Responding to the demand for improved assimilation techniques, we developed a multi-scale Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation (4DVAR) system, building upon validated fine-scale correction capabilities from prior studies. The multi-scale strategy was extended to the ROMS-4DVAR system, providing a comprehensive solution for assimilating high-resolution observations. Leveraging the Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) framework, we conducted a twin experiment comprising a nature run and a free run case. Subsequently, synthetic SWOT SSH measurements were decomposed, considering the model configuration resolution. These components, derived from dense SSH observations, were integrated into a two-step 4DVAR assimilation scheme. The first cycle targets large-scale features for model field correction, and the updated analysis serves as the background for the second assimilation step, addressing fine-scale observation components. Comparisons with the primitive ROMS-4DVAR using a single-scale scheme highlight the superiority of the multi-scale strategy in reducing gaps between the model and the SSH observations. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) is halved, and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) decreases from 2.237% to 0.93%. The two-step assimilation procedure ensures comprehensive multi-scale updates in the SSH field simulation, enhancing fine-scale features in the analysis fields. The quantification of three-dimensional-model dynamic fields further validates the efficiency and superiority of the multi-scale 4DVAR approach, offering a robust methodology for assimilating high-resolution observations within the ROMS.
Studies on Dual Helmholtz Resonators and Asymmetric Waveguides for Ventilated Soundproofing
Authors: Han Inkyuk , Lee Inho , Yoon Gwanho
Published: February 2024

Achieving the simultaneity of ventilation and soundproofing is a significant challenge in applied acoustics. Ventilated soundproofing relies on the interplay between local resonance and nonlocal coupling of acoustic waves within a sub-wavelength structure. However, previously studied structures possess limited types of fundamental resonators and lack modifications from the basic arrangement. These constraints often force the specified position of each attenuation peak and low absorption performance. Here, we suggest the in-duct-type sound barrier with dual Helmholtz resonators, which are positioned around the symmetry-breaking waveguides. The numerical simulations for curated dimensions and scattered fields show the aperiodic migrations and effective amplifications of the two absorptive domains. Collaborating with the subsequent reflective domains, the designed structure holds two effective attenuation bands under the first Fabry–Pérot resonance frequency. This study would serve as a valuable example for understanding the local and non-local behaviors of sub-wavelength resonating structures. Additionally, it could be applied in selective noise absorption and reflection more flexibly.
Modularity Implications of an Overground Exoskeleton on Plantar Pressures, Strength, and Spasticity in Persons with Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Cumplido-Trasmonte Carlos , Barquín-Santos Eva , Gor-García-Fogeda María Dolores , Plaza-Flores Alberto , García-Varela David , Ibáñez-Herrán Leticia , Alted-González Carlos , Díaz-Valles Paola , López-Pascua Cristina , Castrillo-Calvillo Arantxa , Molina-Rueda Francisco , Fernández Roemi , García-Armada Elena
Published: February 2024

This study explored the effects of a modular overground exoskeleton on plantar pressure distribution in healthy individuals and individuals with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). The research involved 21 participants, including ABI patients and healthy controls, who used a unique exoskeleton with adaptable modular configurations. The primary objective was to assess how these configurations, along with factors such as muscle strength and spasticity, influenced plantar pressure distribution. The results revealed significant differences in plantar pressures among participants, strongly influenced by the exoskeleton’s modularity. Notably, significant distinctions were found between ABI patients and healthy individuals. Configurations with two modules led to increased pressure in the heel and central metatarsus regions, whereas configurations with four modules exhibited higher pressures in the metatarsus and hallux regions. Future research should focus on refining and customizing rehabilitation technologies to meet the diverse needs of ABI patients, enhancing their potential for functional recovery.
Speed Measurement of the Moving Targets Using the Stepping Equivalent Range-Gate Method
Authors: Yang Gang , Tian Zhaoshuo , Bi Zongjie , Cui Zihao
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we proposed a stepping equivalent range-gate method (S-ERG method) to measure the speed and the distance of the moving target for range-gated imaging lidar. In this method, the speed is obtained by recording the time at which the moving target passes the front and back edges of the range gate, the distance information can also be obtained by the front and back edges of the range gate at the same time. To verify the feasibility of this method, a stationary target and a moving target with different speeds were measured by the S-ERG method. By using the S-ERG method, we not only obtained the distance information of the stationary target and the moving target at the front and back edges of the range gate, respectively, but also obtained the speed of the moving target. Compared to speeds measured by rotational displacement sensors, the speed measurement error of the S-ERG method is less than 5%, whether the target is far away or close to the range-gated lidar system, and this method is almost independent of the delay step time. The theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate range-gated imaging lidar using the S-ERG method has high practicality and wide applications.
Entropy Sharing in Ransomware: Bypassing Entropy-Based Detection of Cryptographic Operations
Authors: Bang Jiseok , Kim Jeong Nyeo , Lee Seungkwang
Published: February 2024

This study presents a groundbreaking approach to the ever-evolving challenge of ransomware detection. A lot of detection methods predominantly rely on pinpointing high-entropy blocks, which is a hallmark of the encryption techniques commonly employed in ransomware. These blocks, typically difficult to recover, serve as key indicators of malicious activity. So far, many neutralization techniques have been introduced so that ransomware utilizing standard encryption can effectively bypass these entropy-based detection systems. However, these have limited capabilities or require relatively high computational costs. To address these problems, we introduce a new concept entropy sharing. This method can be seamlessly integrated with every type of cryptographic algorithm and is also composed of lightweight operations, masking the high-entropy blocks undetectable. In addition, the proposed method cannot be easily nullified, contrary to simple encoding methods, without knowing the order of shares. Our findings demonstrate that entropy sharing can effectively bypass entropy-based detection systems. Ransomware utilizing such attack methods can cause significant damage, as they are difficult to detect through conventional detection methods.
Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Oxidation System with RuO2-IrO2/Ti as the Anode for Ammonia Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Huang Zhengmin , Zhao Li , Zhu Jingping , He Dongming
Published: February 2024

In this study, a three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation system was constructed to treat ammonia nitrogen wastewater generated from the tail gas absorption of a methionine producer by using a homemade MAC mixed with a GAC at a mass ratio of 1:2 as the particle electrode, with a RuO2-IrO2/Ti polar plate as the anode and a stainless steel plate as the cathode. The effects of current density, initial pH value of wastewater, plate spacing, NaCl concentration and particle filling amount on CODCr and NH4+-N removal were investigated through single-factor experiments, and the removal pathways of CODCr and NH4+-N under the system were initially explored via cyclic voltammetry curves, scanning electron microscopy and tertiary butanol quenching experiments. The experimental results showed that the average removal rate of CODCr was 91.03% and that of NH4+-N was 98.89% after electrolysis for 5 h under the conditions of a current density of 40 mA/cm2, no pH adjustment, the spacing of the electrode plates of 8 cm, the NaCl dosing concentration of 1 g/L, and the particle filling amount of 400 g/L. Under this experimental condition, the removal of CODCr occurred mainly through the indirect oxidation of active chlorine and ·OH, and the removal of NH4+-N mainly through the indirect oxidation of active chlorine.
Articulating Organic Agriculture and Sustainable Development Goals: Serbia Case Study
Authors: Šeremešić Srdjan , Dolijanović Željko , Tomaš Simin Mirela , Milašinović Šeremešić Marija , Vojnov Bojan , Brankov Tatjana , Rajković Miloš
Published: February 2024

With the greening of agriculture, there is a need to better link the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and organic agriculture in developing countries. However, in Serbia, there is a huge gap between the potential of their implementation and the actual situation. This paper assessed the strengths and weaknesses of SDGs and organic agriculture in Serbia and how their relationship can contribute in the development of sustainable agriculture. Key data and indicators of the economic, agricultural and social development of Serbia from international and national databases, as well as recent publications related to the selected topic, were assesed. The results showed that the restricted development of organic agriculture in Serbia stems from the undeveloped awareness of consumers, slower acceptance of alternative agricultural systems and the volatility of mainstream conventional agricultural production. The integration of organic agriculture into the largest conceptual and strategic frameworks, such as the SDGs, can offer a true transformation of local food systems and could result in positive feedback to the environment and society. In the long term, the SDGs framework can help connect various dimensions of sustainable agriculture, stakeholders and policymakers. The future focus should be on how to create entry points for agricultural transformation based on certified organic methodologies and how to integrate agricultural heritage into the realisation of SDGs.
Exploring Influencing Marketing—Consumer Insights and Creators’ Perspectives
Authors: Szakal Anita Cornelia , Brătucu Gabriel , Ciobanu Eliza , Chițu Ioana Bianca , Mocanu Ana Alexandra , Ialomițianu Gheorghe
Published: February 2024

Internet users consistently lean towards influencers who actively participate in their respective areas of interest, providing thorough information and genuine product reviews. These practices have the potential to positively influence the decision-making process related to purchasing. This study delves into the realm of influencer marketing, examining it from the viewpoints of both consumers and specialists. The study is based on the qualitative research, employing both individual in-depth interviews and a focus group. More precisely, the investigation included a series of six individual interviews with influencers from Romania and a focus group comprising eight participants to grasp their perceptions of influencer marketing campaigns. The findings underscore the importance of transparency and authenticity for content creators. Influencers tailor their content based on the platform they use, revealing an existing correlation among them, all while underscoring the significance of transparency and striving to maintain close connections with their followers. This study not only offers a fresh perspective on understanding consumers’ views regarding the activities of content creators in the online domain but also sheds light on influencers’ perspectives concerning collaborations, content creation, and their relationships within their community. Theoretical implications encompass the identification of novel behavioral traits among Romanian consumers regarding influencer marketing actions and contributes to a clearer understanding of the term influencer marketing.
Intra-Host Evolution Analyses in an Immunosuppressed Patient Supports SARS-CoV-2 Viral Reservoir Hypothesis
Authors: Fournelle Dominique , Mostefai Fatima , Brunet-Ratnasingham Elsa , Poujol Raphaël , Grenier Jean-Christophe , Gálvez José Héctor , Pagliuzza Amélie , Levade Inès , Moreira Sandrine , Benlarbi Mehdi , Beaudoin-Bussières Guillaume , Gendron-Lepage Gabrielle , Bourassa Catherine , Tauzin Alexandra , Grandjean Lapierre Simon , Chomont Nicolas , Finzi Andrés , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Craig Morgan , Hussin Julie G.
Published: February 2024

Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified, many of which share recurrent mutations in the spike glycoprotein’s receptor-binding domain (RBD). This region coincides with known epitopes and can therefore have an impact on immune escape. Protracted infections in immunosuppressed patients have been hypothesized to lead to an enrichment of such mutations and therefore drive evolution towards VOCs. Here, we present the case of an immunosuppressed patient that developed distinct populations with immune escape mutations throughout the course of their infection. Notably, by investigating the co-occurrence of substitutions on individual sequencing reads in the RBD, we found quasispecies harboring mutations that confer resistance to known monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as S:E484K and S:E484A. These mutations were acquired without the patient being treated with mAbs nor convalescent sera and without them developing a detectable immune response to the virus. We also provide additional evidence for a viral reservoir based on intra-host phylogenetics, which led to a viral substrain that evolved elsewhere in the patient’s body, colonizing their upper respiratory tract (URT). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral reservoirs can shed light on protracted infections interspersed with periods where the virus is undetectable, and potential explanations for long-COVID cases.
Cytomegalovirus Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Immunocompetent Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yeh Pai-Jui , Wu Ren-Chin , Chen Chyi-Liang , Chiu Cheng-Tang , Lai Ming-Wei , Chen Chien-Chang , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Pan Yu-Bin , Lin Wey-Ran , Le Puo-Hsien
Published: February 2024

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a potential pathogen that causes gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases regardless of host immunity. In contrast to immunocompromised individuals, immunocompetent patients lack a comprehensive overview of the gastrointestinal manifestations. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidence regarding presentations, diagnostics, management, risk assessment, and outcomes in immunocompetent patients with CMV GI disease. A thorough literature search of English publications up to April 2022 was conducted across electronic databases to identify relevant articles, with eligible case series selected for detailed analysis. The majority of immunocompetent patients affected by CMV GI disease are typically elderly, critically ill, or burdened with comorbidities that compromise immunity. Clinical presentations range from subtle symptoms to severe surgical conditions, including instances of mortality. Specific clinical presentations, blood test results, or endoscopic features are lacking, necessitating reliance on histopathological tests such as immunohistochemistry staining for diagnosis. While antiviral therapy may offer benefits in improving outcomes, careful individual assessment is warranted due to diverse comorbidities and potential side effects. Mortality rates vary considerably based on underlying medical conditions and therapeutic approaches. It is imperative for clinicians to maintain vigilance for CMV GI disease among high-risk groups, despite their baseline immunocompetence, in order to enhance clinical outcomes.
Immunogenicity, Safety, and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in T2DM and T2DM with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Heryaman Henhen , Juli Cep , Nazir Arnengsih , Syamsunarno Mas Rizky A. A. , Yahaya Badrul Hisham , Turbawaty Dewi Kartika , Sari Rini Mulia , Permana Hikmat , Supriyadi Rudi , Atik Nur
Published: February 2024

Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) face an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after influenza infection. Several studies have shown that the influenza vaccine effectively prevents morbidity and mortality in T2DM patients. However, there has been limited research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the trivalent influenza vaccine in T2DM–CKD patients. This study aimed to identify Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs), seroprotection, seroconversion, safety, and efficacy. This open-label clinical trial was conducted at AMC Hospital in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia between June 2021 and July 2022. The study subjects consisted of 41 T2DM and 26 T2DM–CKD patients who were administered the trivalent influenza vaccine. There was a significant difference in the average age, with the T2DM–CKD patients being older. Median titers post-vaccination for the B/Washington virus were higher in the T2DM patients compared to the T2DM–CKD patients, and this difference was statistically significant. A majority, comprising 75.6% of the T2DM and 80.8% of the T2DM–CKD patients monitored post-influenza-vaccination, did not experience any adverse reactions. The most common reaction was the sensation of fever, with incidence rates of 12.2% in the T2DM patients and 15.4% in the T2DM–CKD patients. Furthermore, we observed that the incidence of Influenza-like Illness was highest at 7.3% in the T2DM patients and 7.7% in the T2DM–CKD patients. The trivalent influenza vaccine demonstrated equivalent safety and effectiveness in both groups.
Correlation between Oxidative Stress Markers and Periodontal Disease in Dogs
Authors: Peștean Cosmin Petru , Pocquet Hélène , Dumitraș Daria Antonia , Morohoschi Andreea Georgiana , Ștefănuț Laura Cristina , Andrei Sanda
Published: February 2024

In dogs, periodontal disease (PD) is a highly common condition whose prevalence rises significantly with age. Studies on rats with experimentally induced PD and human clinical trials have found an association between oxidative stress (OS) and PD, as has been observed in many other inflammatory disorders. The objective of this research was to assess the main indicators of oxidative stress detected in the saliva of dogs and to compare them to the degree of inflammation and tartar amount on their teeth and gums. By identifying these correlations, we intended to identify early-stage PD markers that would allow us to diagnose the condition in dogs without requiring for invasive or traumatic procedures. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8OHG), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8), and the quantity of total proteins are the markers that have been investigated in order to accomplish these objectives. The appearance of specific forms of periodontal disease has been confirmed by an increase in the saliva concentration of MMP8, a marker commonly used in the diagnosis of these pathologies in humans. The study was carried out on 22 dogs divided in a control group (C) and study groups (S), the second one being divided into three subgroups according to the severity of the gum inflammation and the presence or absence of tartar: S1—small accumulation of tartar, lack of infection-related signs; S2—moderate accumulation of tartar, gums swollen, red, and bled easily; S3—significant accumulation of tartar; gums bright red and bleeding; marked pain and halitosis. A correlation between the concentration of the tested parameters and the severity of the local appearance of the gum and teeth was noted. In comparison to the results of individuals from the control group, MMP8 reported increases of 1.2, 2, and 3.7 times, respectively, in the case of individuals from subgroups S1, S2, and S3. Oxidative stress is caused by inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. The presence of oxidative stress was demonstrated by the evaluation of different indicators in the saliva: an increase in the general antioxidant status, which was associated with an increase in SOD activity; intensification of the lipid peroxidation processes, as demonstrated by the accumulation of the MDA peroxidation product; and an increase in the DNA oxidation processes, as demonstrated by the accumulation of the oxidation product 8OHdG. In consequence, it was observed that there were up to 2-fold increases in protein levels, total antioxidant activity, SOD, and MDA, and up to 8.6-fold increases in the case of 8-OHdG when comparing dogs from the S3 group (significant tartar accumulation; bright red and bleeding gums; marked pain and halitosis) to those in the control group.
Trees in Sponge Cities—A Systematic Review of Trees as a Component of Blue-Green Infrastructure, Vegetation Engineering Principles, and Stormwater Management
Authors: Richter Michael , Heinemann Kirya , Meiser Nadine , Dickhaut Wolfgang
Published: February 2024

Combining street trees with stormwater management measures can, in some circumstances, both increase tree vitality and reduce the risk of flooding by directing stormwater into tree pits. Using systematic review methods, this study aimed to provide an overview of the vegetation engineering systems being researched and applied that combine tree planting with urban stormwater management. We also sought to identify the positive as well as possible negative impacts on urban hydrology and tree health. It has been shown that diverting rainwater from impervious surfaces into tree pits has considerable potential for stormwater management and for improving tree health by reducing drought stress in urban trees. Worldwide approaches to optimizing tree pits for rainwater infiltration and water supply are promising. Different systems and substrate types have been tested, and street trees generally show good vitality, although systematic long-term monitoring of tree vitality has rarely been undertaken. There is still a need for research into temporary water storage for dry periods.
Correlations between the Impedance and Compressive Strength of Hardened Cement According to the Aggregate Type
Authors: Kim Hojin , Kim Jinju , Park Sungyu , Bae Je Hyun
Published: February 2024

To date, methods used to assess the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), which represents the boundary between the aggregate and paste inside concretes, have primarily relied on destructive tests, and non-destructive tests has received little attention until recently. This study assessed the interfaces of concretes with lightweight aggregates based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for high-strength concretes and examined the possibility of estimating the compressive strength of concretes through non-destructive testing using EIS. The experimental results revealed that the impedance of the hardened cement increased with increasing compressive strength and aggregate density. In particular, when the results of impedance measurement were displayed as a Nyquist plot, the intercept of the x-axis depicting the effective conductivity was proportional to the compressive strength. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit was selected to interpret the correlation between cement aggregates and impedance. Consequently, the compressive strength was found to increase with the value of the resistances of the electrolyte filled in continuous pores in the cement aggregate. And, the pores formed in the ITZ affect this value. The resistance at the ITZ for different aggregates was also obtained, and it was found that the resistance was consistent with the results predicted by SEM images of the ITZ and correlated with the strength of the concretes. The proposed method can be used as a way to easily determine the strength of cement according to differences in aggregate.
A Review Study of Sweeping and Normal Impingement Jets
Authors:   University of Basrah, A. Hassan Ahlam , A. Ismael Muneer ,   University of Basrah
Published: February 2024

This review focuses on the experimental and numerical studies of sweeping impingement jets that serve in cooling of hot surfaces. It is known that the impinging jets produce high-localized heat transfer coefficient. The sweeping jet covers a wider area on a hot target to improve the heat transfer rate, they could be used to increase the cooling rate of the impingement surface by disturbing the boundary layer. To display a readable survey, the current review was partitioned to four groups based on engineering configurations. The review shows that the sweeping nozzle gives better efficiency in heat transfer, improved Nusselt number and uniform target surface temperature, compared with the conventional normal jets. The current review reveals that the sweeping-jet mechanism can be achieved either by fluidic oscillator or by exciting a flexible wall forming an oscillating jet. Most of the fluidic oscillator researches are conducted experimentally (27%), while the researches that use flexible wall are about 24%.