bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds from Streptomyces strains on cultures of several phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: Corral Daniel Alonso Pérez , Paz José de Jesús Ornelas , Orozco Guadalupe Isela Olivas , Muñiz Carlos Horacio Acosta , Marina Miguel Ángel Salas , Cisneros María Fernanda Ruiz , Corral Francisco Javier Molina , Pavía Sylvia Patricia Fernández , Velasco Claudio Rios
Published: May 2021

Fungi and oomycetes are important plant pathogens that constantly attacked plants, thus compromising the production of foods worldwide. Streptomyces strains might be useful to control fungal pathogens by different mechanism. The in vitro antagonistic activity of non-volatile and volatile metabolites from four Streptomyces strains was evaluated over cultures of phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The non-volatile compounds from Streptomyces strains significantly reduced (44.2 to 92.1%) the growth of aerial mycelium of pathogens. The volatile compounds (VOCs) from Streptomyces strains reduced both aerial mycelium (22.5 to 96.7%) and mycelium growing inside of culture medium (0.0 - 9.4%). The pathogens maintained their capacity to grow normally in fresh culture medium without antagonists after confrontations with antagonist VOCs. The analysis of VOCs by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry revealed different kinds of VOCs included alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, terpenes, terpenoids, thioethers, among others. The most abundant VOCs were trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin), 2-methylisoborneol, 2-methyl-2-bornene, 1,4-dimethyladamantane, and 4-penten-1-ol, trifluoroacetate. The antipathogenic activity of nine pure VOCs that had been identified in cultures of the Streptomyces strains alone was evaluated in vitro against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. Trans-2-hexenal was the most effective of these VOCs, inhibiting completely the growth of tested phytopathogens. The volatile and non-volatile compounds from Streptomyces strains effectively reduced the in vitro growth of phytopathogens and they might be used as biological control. Further studies are required to demonstrate this activity on open field conditions.
Protein and carbohydrate fractions of common vetch-oat mixtures depending on stage of growth and seeding rate in the mixtures
Authors: Marković Jordan , Vasić Tanja , Terzić Dragan , Štrbanović Ratibor , Knežević Jasmina , Blagojević Milomir , Lazarević Đorđe
Published: May 2021

The production and utilization of intercropped legume- cereal bi-crops as ruminant feeds is beneficial for many reasons – legumes are rich in terms of protein concentration, whereas cereals are characterized by higher carbohydrate contents. To improve utilization of common vetch-oat mixtures as feed in Serbia, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions in these feeds using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) depending on the stage of plant development and seeding rate of common vetch and oat in the mixtures. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Institute for forage crops, Kruševac – Serbia, in 2015. The field trial was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. In this research, pure stands of common vetch and oat, and their seed mixtures (common vetch:oat – 1:1.5; 1:1 and 1:0.5) were studied harvested at three different cutting stages: beginning of vetch flowering – 10% of flowering; forming the first pods on 2/3 vetch plants and forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. The samples were analyzed for protein and carbohydrate fractions according to CNCPS. Stage of growth affected significantly all carbohydrate and protein fractions, except unavailable PC fraction of crude protein which did not change with plant growth and development. The highest protein fraction was intermediately degraded PB2 fraction of crude protein. The highest carbohydrate fraction was available cell wall – CB3 fraction of carbohydrate. According to the results obtained in these investigations, it was concluded that common vetch-oat mixtures varied significantly with respect to their carbohydrate and protein fraction. Due to lower CC fraction, oat was superior feed in terms of total carbohydrates supply to ruminants. Among all investigated mixtures and pure stand of oat and common vetch, it could be conclude that mixture with 1:1 common vetch-oat rate was superior because of higher CA and CB3 fractions of total carbohydrate and the highest PB2 fraction of crude protein.
Influence of temperature and germination time on diastatic power of blue and red maize (Zea mays L.) malts
Authors: Carapia Miguel Ángel Hernández , Calvo José Ramón Verde , Buendía Héctor Bernardo Escalona
Published: May 2021

Maize endosperm consists of about 70 % starch, which makes it an excellent substrate for fermentation. However, due to its low diastatic power, it is used in brewing as an adjunct, mainly. In order to include both red and blue maize as an enzyme source in the brewing process, the effect of temperature and time germination on the diastatic power of malts was studied. The research consisted in a completely randomized three-factor experimental design where the involved factors were colour of maize (blue and red), germination temperature (15, 20, and 25 °C), and germination time (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 days). The response variables were germination percentage, acrospire length, malting yield, and diastatic power. Data was analysed through Analysis of variance and Comparison Multiple Tukey’s Test. Results showed that both temperature and germination time encouraged the acrospire length, which had a negative effect on malting yield. Regarding to diastatic power, it maintained an increase from third to seventh germination day, at the three tested temperatures. Additionally, as the germination temperature increased, the diastatic power also increased. The highest diastatic power for blue and red maize malts were 39 and 42 °L, respectively, and it was reached when these malts were germinated for 7 days at 25 °C. It was concluded that, by germinating both blue and red maize under the resulting optimum conditions, the obtained malts would be capable of converting their own starch.
Enrichment of sliced apple fruit with Bacillus coagulans
Authors: Caballero Mayra Cristina Soto , Muñiz Carlos Horacio Acosta , Leal Viridiana Chávez , Aguilar Gustavo González , Hernández Cintya Geovanna Soria , Quezada Graciela Dolores Avila
Published: May 2021

The effect of addition of the probiotic agent Bacillus coagulans to apples by applying a vacuum impregnation process was studied. Apple slices were impregnated with a sucrose isotonic solution (IS) of 14°Bx containing 1010 CFU g-1 of B. coagulans. The effect of vacuum (22, 29, 36 and 43 cm Hg for 5 min.) and relaxation time (35, 60, 120, 180 and 204 min.) was studied. The highest impregnation of IS (up to 17%) in apple slices was obtained in long relaxation times (120, 180 and 204 min.) and low vacuum pressures (22 cm Hg). The highest vacuum pressure (43 cm Hg) at any relaxation time yielded high concentration of impregnated B. coagulans cells (4 x 107 UFC g-1) into apple slices. The results confirm that B. coagulans at this concentration is satisfactory and similar to that concentration levels of probiotics contained in products existing in the market. Therefore, this article proposes the application of probiotic microorganisms in apple, being this fruit a suitable food matrix for probiotic bacteria.
Characteristics and composition of hackberries (Celtis australis L.) from Mediterranean forests`
Authors: Cascales Esther Vidal , Prencipe Domenico , Nocentini Claudia , Sánchez Reyes López , García José María Ros
Published: May 2021

The characteristics and composition of hackberries (Celtis australis L.) from Mediterranean forests were stablished and compared to other fruits. Fresh hackberries were fractionated in peel (19.8%), flesh (49.7%) and stone (29.4%). A very high value of soluble solids (53.6 ºBrix) was found in the flesh. Chromatographic analysis indicated that the flesh soluble solids were mainly sucrose (12.8%), glucose (17.5%) and fructose (21.8%). An average antioxidant activity (FRAP) of 4000 μmol eq. Fe2+/100 g and a DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50) of 7 were found. The antioxidant properties are due to the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, 249 and 28 mg/100 g, respectively, in the flesh. The dietary fibre in the flesh was 18 g/100 g. The hackberries flesh cell wall is constituted by pectins (55.7%) and hemicelluloses (44.4%). According to these results, hackberry would be considered of great interest for its applications as sweeting agent with antioxidant, thickener and dietary properties, in the food industry.
Utilising traditional fermented foods as carriers of probiotics: the case of Maheu containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012
Authors: Armistice Chawafambira , Tafadzwa Mkungunugwa
Published: May 2021

Traditional fermented foods can be utilised as probiotic carriers. This study evaluated the potential of traditional maheu as a carrier for Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012, its nutritional importance, and acceptability as a sustainable probiotic food with health benefits. Acidity, pH, microbial counts, consumer acceptability, and shelf-life stability was determined. Nutrient content was (g / 100 g wb) protein 4.6, carbohydrates 7.1, fibre 2.8, moisture 82.3, ash 2.0, and total soluble solids 4.8.  Energy provision was 278 Kcal / 100 g and significant (p = 0.032). Mineral content was significantly different (p < 0.001). Probiotic maheu had Lb. rhamnosus yoba count of 7 Log CFU / mL, pH (3.4), and titratable acid of 0.30 %. Consumer acceptability was 6.8 and significant (p < 0.01). Acidity, pH, and Lb. rhamnosus counts of probiotic maheu varied within 0.6 – 0.82 % (p<0.0001), 3.4–3.3 (p<0.0001), and 7-8.2 Log CFU / mL (p<0.0001), respectively in storage. Coliforms, yeast and moulds were < 1 Log CFU / mL (p <0.001). Probiotic maheu was estimated to meet over 20 % and 45 % of the recommended dietary allowance for protein and iron in children. This study showed that fermentation can enrich traditional foods with probiotics and makes them available and accessible to the population in sub-Saharan Africa.
Compositional analysis of Chami cheese made from bovine milk in UAE
Authors: Sobti Bhawna , Katheeri Aysha O. A. Al , Ghnimi Sami , Eldin Afaf Kamal-
Published: May 2021

Samples of nine home-made, commercial Chami cheese samples were analyzed for chemical composition, texture, and rheology. The samples showed large variations in moisture, protein, fat, ash, mineral contents, and pH values. Fat content, fatty acid composition, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses suggested addition of extra fat in some samples either butter or vegetable oil. The sodium content in the 9 cheese samples varied from 223-2411 mg/kg with three samples having very high contents 1756, 2024, and 2411 mg/kg indicative of added salt. The sample with the low moisture content (60.9%) was the hardest among the cheeses. Rheological examination showed the Chami cheese samples of more elastic than viscous behavior.
Cow's milk consumption and risk of disease
Authors: S. Kaskous
Published: May 2021

Milk and dairy products are important components of the human diet. This has been true since the beginning of domestication of lactating animals. However, milk of any species is geared towards the growth and development of its own offspring. Thus, the role of milk and dairy products in human nutrition has been increasingly discussed in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, problems such as lactose intolerance, protein allergies and an increased risk of cancer can occur when consuming cow’s milk. Around 70% of the world's total population is lactose intolerant, while 20% of adults in Europe are lactose intolerant. In the small intestine, lactose is hydrolytically split into glucose and galactose by the enzyme lactase located in the mucous membrane cells. After infancy, lactase activity decreases as the ability to synthesize lactase is lost. As a result, adults can no longer tolerate large amounts of lactose, and many develop diarrhea and uncomfortable painful symptoms such as gas, cramps, and a bloated stomach. Since lactase activity is limited in the case of hereditary lactose intolerance, people can easily tolerate milk without lactose. Another aspect is that between 2-5% of children are allergic to cow's milk. The allergy is less common in adulthood. Most allergic reactions affect the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system, and severe anaphylaxis can occur. A therapeutic approach related to the causes of this multi-organ disease does not yet exist. A possible approach to reducing protein allergens is to block IgE-binding epitopes in patients. The most effective treatment is an elimination diet and the use of appropriate substitution formulas. Camel milk may replace cow's milk in the event of intolerance. Furthermore, many studies have showed that people with a higher cow’s milk intake had slightly increased cancer and all-cause mortality rates.

In conclusion, it has not been clarified what exactly constitutes the harmful or health-promoting effects of cow's milk. Cow's milk is so rich in ingredients that both effects are conceivable. Due to the central importance of milk and dairy products for human nutrition, there is still great scientific interest in expanding knowledge concerning the ingredients and their nutritional and physiological effects.
Plant growth and quality of cucumber grafted with Lagenaria siceraria in soil infested with nematodes
Authors: Hernández Ángel Manuel Suárez , Juárez Onécimo Grimaldo , Durán Carlos Ceceña , González Isidro Bazante , Ramirez Fidel Núñez , Mendoza Daniel González
Published: May 2021

Grafting cucurbitaceous crops is an alternative for protection of plants in production systems with biotic or abiotic stress. The grafting cucumber improves the plant growth and development under adverse conditions, such as drought, high salt concentration and soil-borne pathogens. Lagenaria siceraria is a species with potential rootstocks in cucumber. Mexican L. siceraria accessions are less susceptible to damage caused by Meloidogyne incognita. The aim of this study was to evaluate two Mexican L. siceraria accessions (Lag 48 and Lag 53) and Forticuke F1(Numhems®) as rootstocks on plant growth and fruit quality of cucumber in soil infested with root-knot nematodes.Plant ungrafted was used as control. The results show that rootstocks increased plant height, leaves number and leaf area. Forticuke F1 and Lag 53 had a greater response than ungrafted plant. Thegrafting increased fruit weight in 25.3%, 15.2% and 14.6% with Forticuke F1, Lag 53 and Lag 48,respectively. Internal firmness of the fruits increased by 56.4% in Forticuke F1, 12.6% in Lag 53 and 2.2% in Lag 48 with respect to ungrafted plants. Length, diameter, external firmness and Brix degrees of fruit were not modified by rootstock effect. The use of L. siceraria as rootstock is an alternative to improvement plant growth and fruit quality of cucumber in soil infested with root-knot nematodes.
Leaf mineral element content and soil characteristics on in vitro antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory activities of aqueous fennel extracts
Authors: Majdoub Nesrine , Guendouz Soukaina el , Carlier Jorge , Costa Clara , Guerrero Carlos Alberto Correia , Duarte João , Migue Maria Graça
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical characterization of three harvested Foeniculum vulgare plants collected from two bioclimatic zones in order to investigate the soil growing conditions effect. The results showed a great variability of the phenolic amounts and biological properties of samples rely on localities. FvSEN contained the highest amounts of phenolic compounds. These amounts were accompanied by the greatest antioxidant ability through almost studied assays. FvSEN and FvZO were significantly different. In addition, the samples exhibited a significant and variable enzymatic inhibition activity with values ranging from 30 to 50 µg/mL for lipoxygenase assay. But these extracts did not revealed significant differences on their tyrosinase abilities. On the other hand, the levels of mineral elements were also estimated. These contents varied depending on sample and locality. The growing soil conditions of samples in terms of different parameters is likely related to their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition potentialities added to their mineral composition which settled by Spearman’s correlation. These data may confirm the interesting potential of F. vulgare as a valuable source for natural antioxidant molecules but the growing soil conditions can affect all the potentialities of these plants set for human consumption and other uses.
Tomato fruit quality in relation to growing season, harvest period, ripening stage and postharvest storage
Authors: Kasampalis Dimitrios , Tsouvaltzis Pavlos , Siomos Anastasios
Published: May 2021

The effect of two growing seasons (spring and fall), two harvest periods (early and late), four fruit ripening stages at harvest (S1, S2, S3 and S4, according to OECD gauge) and postharvest storage (0 or 16 days at 12 °C) on quality characteristics of tomato fruits was determined in order to investigate its one’s relative contribution. According to the results, all factors significantly affected most of the quality components, but not at the same magnitude. Ripening stage at harvest had the most significant effect in firmness, pH, and in the ratio soluble solids to TA, the growing season only in dry matter content, the storage on pigments’ content (chlorophyll, total carotenoids, lycopene and β-carotene) while the harvesting period was not the main factor in any of the quality traits determined. In conclusion, either the ripening stage at harvest or the time elapsed until consumption had the most significant effect on tomato fruit quality, but both could not be assessed at the time of consumption.
Effect of the dehydration method of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces on the quality of their aqueous extracts
Authors: Salinas Moreno Yolanda , Sánchez-Feria César , Ybarra-Moncada María Del Carmen , González-Hernández Víctor Arturo , Machuca-Sánchez María Luisa
Published: May 2021

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a plant from tropical climates, which produces, among other products, deep red calyces used to prepare refreshing drinks. The high humidity (85-87%) of the calyces at the time of harvest must be reduced to about 12% for handling and storage. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of the dehydration method of the calyces (sun drying, SD; air-drying, AD, at three temperatures: 50, 60 and 70 ºC) of three varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on the quality of their aqueous extracts. The quality was measured as a function of color), and chemical variables (titratable acidity, TA, total soluble phenols, TSP; total anthocyanins content TAC, and organic acids). The varieties used were Negra Quiviquinta (NQ) with dark red calyces, UAN-9 with light red calyces, and UAN-16, with white calyces. The dehydration method affected the quality of the extracts. The SD was the one that most affected the color and chemical variables. The color of the extracts was darker than that of the control while titratable acidity (TA) was reduced on average 40.6%. No effect of AD treatments was observed on these variables. On chemical composition, SD reduced TSP on average 15.3%, the most affected variety was UAN-16. In the varieties with red calyces, the average TAC reduction was 36.9%. Of the organic acids, the most affected were malic and succinic. As observed in physical variables, AD treatments showed little influence on chemical composition of calyces. Of the dehydration methods evaluated, the AD70°C rendered the best quality aqueous extract, in base of the variables evaluated.
Novel Food legislation and consumer acceptance - importance for the food industry
Authors: Knezevic Nada , Grbavac Slavka , Palfi Marina , Sabolović Marija Badanjak , Brnčić Suzana Rimac
Published: May 2021

Novel foods are defined as food and food ingredients that have not been used to any significant extent in a particular country. This paper offers a brief overview of the current novel food legislation in European Union, Great Britain, USA, Australia and New Zealand, Canada and China. Prior to sale, food business operators (manufacturers or importers) are required, under different regulations and procedures, to submit information to Food Safety Authority about the product in question for a safety assessment. The approaches and specific information used to assess the safety of novel foods are outlined in national Guidelines. Generally, applicant should provide a detailed description of the novel food (identity of the novel food, production process, compositional data, proposed uses and use levels and anticipated intake of the novel food, history of use of the novel food and/or of its source, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, nutritional information, toxicological information and allergenicity) for the safety assessment and market approval of a novel food.
Determination of antioxidative and enzymatic activity in green and red lettuce cultivars affected by microbiological fertilisers and seasons
Authors: Stojanović Milica , Maksimović Vuk , Mutavdžić Dragosav , Petrović Ivana , Jovanović Zorica , Savić Slađana , Maksimović Jelena Dragišić
Published: May 2021

Lettuce is a worldwide grown leafy vegetable rich in phytochemicals which are essential in human diet. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of genotype, microbiological fertilisers and season on the rosette fresh weight and components of antioxidant activity. Six cultivars (green ‘Kiribati’, ‘Aleppo’, ‘Aquino’ and red ‘Murai’, ‘Carmesi’, ‘Gaugin’) were grown in a greenhouse experiment during three consecutive seasons (autumn, winter and spring) with application of microbiological fertilisers (EM Aktiv, Vital Tricho and their combination). Green cultivars showed higher fresh weight than red in spring and winter. Green cultivar ‘Aleppo’ showed the highest fresh weight in control during spring. Microbiological fertilisers led to increased fresh weight in autumn. Mainly, red cultivars showed higher quality parameters compared to green (total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, total carotenoids and POD activity). Red cultivar ‘Carmesi’ showed the highest total antioxidant capacity, total carotenoids, and total phenolic content in winter with combination of fertilisers, Vital Tricho, and in control. In spring, ‘Carmesi’ and ‘Gaugin’ showed the highest POD activity with Vital Tricho, and combination of fertilisers. The present study suggested that genotype, fertilisers and season jointly influenced quantity and quality parameters with emphasis on Vital Tricho, and/or combination of fertilisers.
Profile of phenolic compounds and antimicrobial potential of hydroalcoholic extracts from cashew-apple coproducts
Authors: Silveira Amanda Germano , Lopes Mônica Maria de Almeida , Pereira Elaine Cristina , Castro George Meredite Cunha de , Germano Thais Andrade , Oliveira Luciana de Siqueira , Ribeiro Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos , Canuto Kirley Marques , Miranda Maria Raquel Alcântara de , Carvalho Joelia Marques de
Published: May 2021

Phytochemicals from tropical fruits and their by-products have shown the potential to use as antimicrobial natural. This study aimed to optimize the recovery of phenolic compounds (total polyphenols and flavonoids) from cashew apple using ultrasound-assisted extraction to promote the functional attributes to its coproducts and to evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. An experimental design applying a response surface methodology was used for the extraction process. The ethanol concentration (13.76 % to 56.21 %) and the ultrasonic bath time (21.71 to 78.28 min.) were considered as independent variables, and the polyphenols content, total flavonoids as dependent variables. The phenolic profile of optimized hydroalcoholic extracts (UPLC-QToF-MSE) and their antimicrobial potential against foodborne pathogenic bacteria was assessed. The optimized conditions for a total phenolic extract of 750 mg GAE 100 g-1 were 42.16 % ethanol and 37.34 min in an ultrasonic bath, and for total flavonoids of 479.07 mg of quercetin per 100 g-1 were 37.15 % ethanol and 25.13 min. A total of 15 compounds including quercetin and myricetin derivatives, gallic acid, and anacardic acid were identified. The extracts displayed effective action against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The extracts were effective against foodborne pathogenic bacteria thus demonstrating their potential to be a good natural alternative to synthetic additives in the food industry.
Genetic components of characters related to yield in pepper guajillo: method II of Griffing
Authors: Mendoza Fanny Hernández- , Torres Tarsicio Corona , Rincón Víctor Heber Aguilar , Gaytán Víctor García , Merino Fernando Carlos Gómez
Published: May 2021

The Capsium genus comprises one of the most economically important and gastronomic plant groups in the world. In Mexico, C. annuum one of the five species was domesticated. Guajillo chili belongs to this species; whose main use is dry. In this type of chili, little is known about its genetic parameters. The objective was to identify populations with better plant characteristics and high yield in order to obtain information on his heterotic patterns. For this study, nine populations of Guajillo chili from different entities of Mexico were used, which by means of a partial dialectic design, originated 36 crosses. The analysis of variance showed highly significant effects (P ≤ 0.001) in the general combining ability (GCA) in the parents, as well as for the specific combining ability (SCA) in their crosses mainly in the performance variables. In the variable number of fruit per plant (NFP), a higher GCA was observed, as well as in the cross P1 x P9 that showed higher value of heterosis and heterobeltiosis. The fresh fruit yield, the positive heterotic value, was observed in the crosses P2 x P5, P3 x P4, P3 x P5, P4 x P9 and

P7 x P9. While the yield of dried fruit showed the positive and highly significant heterotic and heterobeltiosis value, at the P1 x P9 and P2 x P6 crosses. While the cross P3 x P9 only shows a significant positive value of heterosis.
Impact of frequency of milking on milk yield and fertility of Holstein cows undergoing extended lactations due to failure to conceive
Authors: Mellado Jesús , Flores Jessica , Véliz Francisco G. , Santiago Ángeles de , García José E. , Gutierrez Hugo L. , Mellado Miguel
Published: May 2021

The objective of this observational study was to determine the effect of two (2x) compared to three (3x) times a day milking in Holstein cows undergoing lactations ≥600 d on milk production and reproductive performance. Two large adjacent commercial dairy herds with similar size, facilities, and management in a hot area of northern Mexico (25° N) were used. Cows in one herd (n= 214) were milked two times a day (2x), the other herd was milked three times a day (3x; n=245) and both groups were milked for at least 600 days. For cows in first lactation, total milk yield did not differ between 3x and 2x cows (19796 ± 3354 vs. 19269 ± 3652 kg; p > 0.10) in lactations with an average of 696 and 650 days in milk (DIM), respectively. Multiparous 3x cows produced more total milk days than 2x cows (20942 ± 3920 vs. 18910 ± 2632 kg; p < 0.01) with greater (p < 0.01) DIM for 3x (685 ± 117 days) than 2x (631 ± 88 days) cows. Lactation persistence was greater (p < 0.05) in 2x (62 ± 9%) than 3x (60 ± 10%) cows. Overall conception rate (CR) did not differ between 2x and 3x cows (53.3% vs. 49.8%) but 3x cows required one more service (p < 0.01) to get pregnant than 2x animals.  Given that average milk yield throughout the complete lactation did not differ between 2x (29.8 ± 2.0 kg) and 3x (29.3 ± 2.9 kg) cows, it was concluded that two-times-a-day milking is equally effective as three-times-a-day milking to attain acceptable milk yield in lactations over 600 days. However, reproductive performance based on first-service CR and services per pregnancy was negatively affected by three-times-a-day milking.
Ovarian inactivity in female dromedary camels
Authors: Mansour Nabil , Karen Aly
Published: May 2021

The present study describes a clinical trial aimed at understanding the causes of ovarian inactivity among female dromedary racing camels in the United Arab Emirates. A total of 1406 female racing camels were presented to the Aljazeera Veterinary Center during a 19-month period from September 2014 to April 2016 because of repeat breeding (as identified by camel owners). Females underwent ultrasonographic examination of the reproductive tract, as well as a manual vaginal examination. Any observed reproductive tract abnormalities were record. A percentage of 23.8 of females possessed no detectable reproductive tract abnormalities (and thus were diagnosed as typical repeat breeders). Of the remaining 76.2% of females, 59% had utero-tubal abnormalities and 41% had ovarian afflictions. The incidences of ovarian and utero-tubal affections in nulliparous and parous infertile females were 66.7 % versus 33.3 % (P<0.05) and 32.2% versus 67.8% (P<0.05), respectively. Most of the ovarian affections were due to ovarian inactivity or ovario-hydrobursitis. The incidence of ovarian inactivity and ovarian hydro-bursitis in nulliparous and parous females were 57.6% versus 13.2% (P<0.05) and 5.8% versus 18.1% (P<0.05), respectively. A subset of animals lacking ovarian activity (n=81) and cyclic control females (n=24) underwent blood sample collection. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of red blood cells, hemoglobin, total protein, copper, glucose, calcium, iron, and phosphorus. Blood concentrations of glucose were higher and blood concentrations of copper were lower in females with inactive ovaries compared with cyclic females. After exclusion of animals with poor general health, the remaining females that did not have ovarian activity (n=234) were divided into one of three treatment groups: Group 1 (n=71) received a single treatment of subcutaneous copper and intramuscular multivitamins, plus daily intravenous infusion of phosphorous for 5 days and oral minerals and vitamins daily for 7 days; Group 2 (n=104) received a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin; Group 3 (n=64) were treated identically to group 1 females with the exception of receiving a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin at the end of the 7-day treatment period; A number of 20 females was a subset of Group 3 females who failed to respond to treatment – they were treated for 10 days with an intravaginal device containing progesterone followed by a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin given at intravaginal device removal. Group 3 females exhibited a higher ovarian response to treatment than either Group 2 or Group 1 females which were different from one another. Conception rate was lower in Group 2 females than in Group 1 and group 3 females which were not different. Embryonic mortality was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 and 3 females which were not different.
Hydroponic wheat production using fresh water and treated wastewater under the semi-arid region
Authors: Al Hamedi Fatima Hasan Abdulla Ahmed , Karthishwaran Kandhan , Alyafei Mohammed Abdul Mohsen
Published: May 2021

The use of alternative water sources such as tertiary treated wastewater is considered very important for growing crops due to irrigation water scarcity, particularly in arid regions like the UAE. Treated wastewater contains nutrients that are essential for the cultivation of nutritively important crops. In the present study, we evaluated and compared the effect of differently treated wastewater samples using an auto-pot watering hydroponic system. The growth solution was prepared using well water (H), and treated wastewaters collected from different geological areas Abu Dhabi (H1) and Al Ain (H2). The study was carried out with two wheat varieties (ESWYT and SAWYT)) obtained from the CIMMYT Genetic Resource Centre. Temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the growth solutions were monitored. Twelve weeks after planting, the wheat plants were harvested and root, shoot and spike biomasses were measured. The H2 treatment had a positive impact on wheat growth and different morphological characters, especially for SAWYT variety. Moreover, for both the varieties, highest grain yield, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were observed with H2 treatment. Between the treatments H1 and H2, there was only a slight variation in protein content and fiber content for both the wheat varieties. The growth of wheat plants was inhibited by H1 treatment due to the high electrical conductivity of the wastewater. The final kernel was analyzed and the levels of Ca, K and P were higher in plants grown in H2. The study revealed appreciable results suggesting that the hydroponic effluents are a strong fertilizer source. In addition, the use of treated wastewater in the irrigation of wheat crops in hydroponic systems has been considered as a useful alternative wastewater disposal method without the possibility of accumulation of heavy metals in the soil.
Oxytetracycline Mineralization inside a UV/H2O2 System of Advanced Oxidation Processes: Inorganic By-Product
Authors: Rahmah Anisa Ur , Harimurti Sabtanti , Kurnia Kiki Adi , Omar Abdul Aziz , Murugesan Thanabalan
Published: May 2021

Oxytetracycline (OTC) was widely used antibiotic in agricultural industry. However, most of them were secreted from the body and entered the water stream, due to low absorption. The occurrence of the antibiotics in water stream may led to serious health hazards. Hence, finding the effective method that capable to achieve total mineralization of antibiotic-contaminated wastewater, followed by the production of benign inorganic and organic by-product, was necessarily deemed. Photochemical degradation method, such as: UV/H2O2 system, was capable to achieve total mineralization of OTC at its optimized condition. In this paper, inorganic by-products of OTC mineralization inside a UV/H2O2 system at its optimum condition were analyzed. The presence of nitrate, ammonium, chloride ions, and chlorine were detected at the sample solution after mineralization. The presence of these inorganic by-product has proven that the experimental setup chosen was capable to achieve total mineralization. In addition, possible routes of the inorganic by-products detachment from the OTC’s structure, were also presented. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Nitrate Adsorption in Salt Water Using Modified Zeolite
Authors: Kuntari Kuntari
Published: May 2021

Nitrate is the main form of nitrogen species in natural waters. Excessive nitrate concentration in water is highly undesirable, so that removal of the excessive nitrates in waters is very important. However, the challenge is purposed to remove the excessive nitrates in sea waters by considering anions-rich sea water. Adsorption is a favorable method for the nitrate removal process. Therefore, this research was aimed to study the kinetics and isotherm of nitrates adsorption in salt water. The adsorbent preparation was done by modifying natural zeolite with iron oxide. The adsorbent characterization was carried out by FT-IR spectroscopy and Gas Sorption Analyis methods. The results showed that the modified zeolite have Fe−O group vibrations as indicated by a peak at a wave number of 1404.18 cm−1 and an increased specific surface area. The modified zeolite is capable of adsorbing nitrate ions. The adsorption isotherms studies indicated that the modified zeolite is appropriate to the Dubinin-Radushkevich model. The average adsorption energy value (ED), obtained based on the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm <2 kJ/mole, showed that the nitrate adsorption on zeolite surface occurred physically. The most suitable adsorption kinetics model is the pseudo second order with the rate constant of 1.80´10−2 g/mg.min. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Activity Enhancement of P25 Titanium Dioxide by Zinc Oxide for Photocatalytic Phenol Degradation
Authors: Kurniawan Yehezkiel Steven , Yuliati Leny
Published: May 2021

As a benchmark photocatalyst, P25 titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial has been widely reported for its remarkable photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. However, approaches to further improve the photocatalytic activity of the P25 TiO2 are still required. In the present work, we reported the activity enhancement of the P25 TiO2 up to more than five times higher rate constant for phenol degradation when the P25 TiO2 was coupled with zinc oxide (ZnO). The composites were prepared by a physical mixing method of P25 TiO2 and ZnO with various weight ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2. The composite materials were then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse-reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DR UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and fluorescence spectroscopies. All the composites gave better activity than the P25 TiO2, in which the TiO2/ZnO 1:1 composite material exhibited the highest first-order reaction rate constant (0.43 h−1). This remarkable enhanced degradation rate was much higher than that of the unmodified TiO2 (0.08 h−1) and ZnO (0.13 h-1). The fluorescence study revealed that the electron-hole recombination on the P25 TiO2 could be suppressed by the ZnO, which would be the reason for such activity enhancement. A study on the effect of the scavenger showed that the hydroxyl radicals played a crucial role in the photocatalytic phenol degradation. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Cellulose and TiO2–ZrO2 Nanocomposite as a Catalyst for Glucose Conversion to 5-EMF
Authors: Dini Fitriyah Wulan , Helmiyati Helmiyati , Krisnandi Yuni K.
Published: May 2021

This work demonstrated the use of green material catalysts, produced from Sengon sawdust waste, to obtain nanocellulose biopolymers. The green material catalysts were utilized as catalysts support of TiO2−ZrO2 binary oxide in the form of nanocomposite materials with superior synergistic properties. The isolation of nanocellulose was achieved using a hydrolysis method with a yield of 63.40%. The TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles have average particle sizes of around 25 and 15 nm, respectively, and the binary oxides of TiO2–ZrO2 pretained an average particle size of 30 nm were used. Furthermore, the nanocellulose combined with the TiO2−ZrO2 binary oxide had formed a cellulose/TiO2−ZrO2 nanocomposite with an average particle size of 30 nm. This indicates that the supporting nanocellulose can stabilize the nanoparticles and avoid aggregation. Moreover, the nanocomposites can be used as a catalyst for the conversion of glucose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF). The catalytic activity increased with the nanoparticle effect obtained ZrO2, TiO2, TiO2-ZrO2, and cellulose and TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite, in 15.50%, 20.20%, 35.20%, and 45.50% yields, respectively. The best yield of 5-EMF was 45.50%, with reaction conditions of 1:1 TiO2–ZrO2 ratio, 4 h reaction time, and 160 °C reaction temperature. The use of nanocellulose biopolymer generated from Sengon sawdust waste in Indonesia provides a promising catalyst support material as an alternative green catalyst. In addition, the glucose carbohydrates can be converted to biofuel feedstocks in the development of a renewable alternative energy. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Fe-doped TiO2/Kaolinite as an Antibacterial Photocatalyst under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Aritonang Anthoni B. , Pratiwi Eka , Warsidah Warsidah , Nurdiansyah S. I. , Risko R.
Published: May 2021

In this work, undoped and Fe-doped TiO2 immobilized on kaolinite surface was successfully synthesized by sol-gel method with various Fe concentrations (0.05, 0.125, and 0.25 wt%). The eﬀects of Fe doping into TiO2 lattice were thoroughly investigated by a diffuse reflectance UV-visible (DRS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical band gap of undoped and Fe-doped TiO2/kaolinite is red shifted with respect to the incorporation of Fe3+ into the structure of TiO2 resulted band gap. The FTIR spectra shows a shift of peak at the wave number at 586 cm−1 and 774 cm−1 which is attribute of the Fe−O vibration as an indication of the formation of Fe-TiO2 bonds. Incorporation of Fe3+ cation into the TiO2 lattice replacing the Ti4+ ions, which induced a perturbation in anatase crystal structure, causes the change in the distance spacing of the crystal lattices dhkl(101) of 8.9632 to 7.9413. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was observed for Fe-doped TiO2/kaolinite compared with TiO2/kaolinite with respect to Escherichia coli growth inhibition in solution media under visible light irradiation. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Reduction of 4-nitrophenol Mediated by Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Peronema canescens
Authors: Yudha S Salprima , Falahudin Aswin , Wibowo Risky Hadi , Hendri John , Wicaksono Dennie Oktrin
Published: May 2021

In this study, we developed an alternative of 4-nitrophenol reduction mediated by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which was synthesized using aqueous extract of the Peronema canescens leaf through an eco-friendly approach. The reducing 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol mediated by AgNPS in the presence of sodium borohydride as a hydrogen source proceeded rapidly at room temperature without any additional treatments. The AgNPS synthesis was simple and was carried out under mild conditions. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy was performed to examine the properties of the obtained AgNPs, which displayed an absorption peak at 431 nm. A transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the AgNPs were spherical in shape and had an average particle size of 19 nm as determined by particle size analysis. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
ATENÇÃO A SAÚDE DE PESSOAS TRANS SUBSÍDIOS DE BRASIL E COLÔMBIA: UMA SEMENTE PARA A INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Cortés Salinas Olga Lucía , Zapata Elizabeth Cabrera , Souza Sônia Regina de , Lemos Adriana , Eslava Daniel
Published: May 2021

Dentro de esta visita también se pudo demostrar la importancia del intercambio académico, porque muestran otra perspectiva de la propia profesión, proporciona mas herramientas con las cuales se puede llegar a dar un manejo integral a esta población y en general abre el espectro de la forma en la cual se abordan diversos casos que puedan llegar a presentarse, además proporciona nuevas vivencias, ya que el hecho de estar en otro país, e involucrarnos con una cultura, idioma y creencias diferentes enriquece nuestra formación integral como seres humanos. Es por eso que la experiencia de aprendizaje trasciende más allá de lo académico, ya que se relaciona con las costumbres y la vida cotidiana de un país que no conocíamos.
Elements of nursing care for onco-hematology patients: a case study / Elementos do cuidado de enfermagem aos pacientes onco-hematológicos: um estudo de caso
Authors: De Sousa Renata Miranda , Santo Fátima Helena do Espírito , Santana Rosimere Ferreira , Moreira Marlea Chagas , Pinheiro Fernanda Machado
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar os elementos do cuidado de enfermagem a pacientes onco-hematológicos internados na hematologia de um hospital universitário localizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de caso, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre fevereiro a junho de 2013 por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada com 10 membros da equipe de enfermagem da unidade e submetidas análise de conteúdo, aprovado pelo CEP sob parecer n° 144.119. Resultados: Apontaram como elemento do cuidado aos pacientes onco-hematológicos os relacionadas a prevenção de sangramento e infecção, conforto, apoio emocional e orientação. Conclusão: Observou-se que tais elementos são essenciais para a manutenção de um tratamento seguro e eficiente destes pacientes não só no ambiente hospitalar, mas também no contexto domiciliar. E precisam ser compreendidos e incorporados por todos os envolvidos para garantir qualidade de vida aos pacientes onco-hematológicos.
Adherenceto treatment and life style of patients with hypertension / Adesão ao tratamento e hábitos de vida de hipertensos
Authors: Turra Luana , Restelatto Márcia Terezinha da Rocha , Dallacosta Fabiana Meneghetti
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: analisar a adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo e hábitos de vida de hipertensos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com hipertensos da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Lacerdópolis, SC. Utilizou-se entrevista e o Brief Medication Questionnaire. Resultados: participaram 72 hipertensos, 68,1% mulheres, idade média 68,4 anos (±12,1). Quanto à adesão ao tratamento, 6,9% são aderentes, 19,4% tem provável adesão, 70,8% provável baixa adesão e 2,8% baixa adesão. Quem usa múltiplas doses é menos aderente (p=0,00), falharam mais em listar o que usam (p=0,03) e omitiram mais (p=0,02). Houve dificuldades para ler o rótulo, abrir a medicação e lembrar de tomar todos os dias, e 19,4% relataram falha de dias ou doses. Conclusão: houve dificuldade em listar a medicação em uso, ler, abrir e lembrar-se de tomar a medicação, especialmente naqueles acima de 60 anos. A prescrição de múltiplas doses interfere significativamente na adesão ao tratamento e no correto uso da medicação.
Prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation under the optics of nursing academics / Prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica sob a ótica de acadêmicos de enfermagem
Authors: Maran Edilaine , De Melo William Augusto , Spigolon Dandara Novakovski , Teston Elen Ferraz , Do Prado Tostes Maria Fernanda , Barreto Mayckel da Silva
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento dos acadêmicos concluintes do curso de Enfermagem sobre a prevenção de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica e comparar esse conhecimento entre esses acadêmicos nos anos de 2013 e 2016. Metodo: Pesquisa de natureza quantitativa, realizada com 59 acadêmicos concluintes de uma instituição pública de ensino superior, que responderam um questionário estruturado. Resultados: Observou-se que as principais respostas assertivas foram intervenções referentes à higienização das mãos (94,9%), sedação do paciente (89,8%), higiene oral (86,4%) e posição da sonda nasoentérica (83%). A Turma 2013 apresentou melhor conhecimento em relação à Turma 2016 (p<0,05). Conclusões: Concluiu-se que os alunos podem estar completando o curso com noção básica dos cuidados para a prevenção da Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica, e alguns cuidados inobservados constituem um resultado necessário de ser reavaliado, precisando de um planejamento curricular das instituições de ensino que facilite o processo de ensino-aprendizado.