bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superior component compositions and antioxidant activity of Volvariella volvacea oil compared to those of Agrocybe cylindracea and two Lentinula edodes oils
Authors: Kang Jingjing , Yue Yue , Wei Shaofeng , Chen Huifang , Luo Peng
Published: October 2023

The biological activity of an oil not only depends on its fatty acid composition but also the lipid composition and trace components. In this paper, to select the optimal mushroom oil, the component compositions (fatty acids, lipids, polyphenols, flavones, tocopherols, and unsaponifiable matters) and antioxidant activities in vitro of four mushroom oils (Agrocybe cylindracea, two Lentinula edodes, and Volvariella volvacea) were investigated and compared. The results showed that the four tested oils had the same fatty acid composition in different amounts, but the lipid component, minor components, and free radical scavenging activity in the tested oils varied widely depending on the type of mushroom. Overall, Volvariella volvacea oil was considered superior to the other three tested oils, as it had the largest contents of polar lipids, diglycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids (74.38%), unsaponifiable matter (319.09 mg/kg), total phenols (124.08 mg/100 g), tocopherols (139.86 mg/100 g), as well as the highest ABTS and FRAP values (349.45 and 3801.70 μmol Trolox/100 g). This finding suggests that Volvariella volvacea oil is a promising resource that should be further researched.
Enhancement of nutritional quality and shelf life of fish products (powder & chapatti) via fortifying with orange‐fleshed sweet potato
Authors: Mekonnen Habtamu Birhanu , Aychiluhm Tewodros Birhanu
Published: October 2023

Despite its high protein, fat, and mineral contents, fish contains trace amounts of carbohydrates and vitamins, notably vitamin A. The perishable nature of fresh fish makes it challenging to store for a prolonged time, necessitating the use of additives to enhance its shelf life, nutritional, and other quality aspects. Sweet potatoes are the preferred option to blend with fish due to their cost and abundance. This study aims to prepare fortified fish powder and make food products (chapatti) using it. Fish powder and sweet potato powder were prepared by drying them in an oven at 60°C and 45°C, respectively. The two dried samples were then ground and mixed in various ratios, followed by analyzing their nutritional and other parameters using standard methods. Vitamin A and beta‐carotene levels were analyzed using HPLC and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The findings indicated that the outcomes displayed enhanced nutrition and extended storage capacity. The amount of beta‐carotene (876.12 ± 14.76 to 3182.4 ± 123.1 μg/100 g) and carbohydrates (4.49 ± 1.02 to 52.31 ± 0.21) increased. The packed fortified flour is safe for human consumption for up to 90 days, as per the International Commission for Microbiological Specifications for Foods. The chapatti made from fortified flour was also deemed acceptable by the panelists.
Transcriptomic and morphological maturation of human astrocytes in cerebral organoids
Authors: Verkerke Marloes , Berdenis van Berlekom Amber , Donega Vanessa , Vonk Daniëlle , Sluijs Jacqueline A. , Butt Nayab F. , Kistemaker Lois , de Witte Lot D. , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen , Middeldorp Jinte , Hol Elly M.
Published: October 2023

Cerebral organoids (CerOrgs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a valuable tool to study human astrocytes and their interaction with neurons and microglia. The timeline of astrocyte development and maturation in this model is currently unknown and this limits the value and applicability of the model. Therefore, we generated CerOrgs from three healthy individuals and assessed astrocyte maturation after 5, 11, 19, and 37 weeks in culture. At these four time points, the astrocyte lineage was isolated based on the expression of integrin subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6). Based on the transcriptome of the isolated ITGA6‐positive cells, astrocyte development started between 5 and 11 weeks in culture and astrocyte maturation commenced after 11 weeks in culture. After 19 weeks in culture, the ITGA6‐positive astrocytes had the highest expression of human mature astrocyte genes, and the predicted functional properties were related to brain homeostasis. After 37 weeks in culture, a subpopulation of ITGA6‐negative astrocytes appeared, highlighting the heterogeneity within the astrocytes. The morphology shifted from an elongated progenitor‐like morphology to the typical bushy astrocyte morphology. Based on the morphological properties, predicted functional properties, and the similarities with the human mature astrocyte transcriptome, we concluded that ITGA6‐positive astrocytes have developed optimally in 19‐week‐old CerOrgs.
Choices of medical institutions and associated factors in older patients with multimorbidity in stabilization period in China: A study based on logistic regression and decision tree model
Authors: Wang Xiaoran , Zhang Dan
Published: October 2023

Background

As China's population ages, its disease spectrum is changing, and the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases has become the norm with respect to the health status of its elderly population. However, the health institution choices of older patients with multimorbidity in stabilization period remains underresearched. This study investigate the factors influencing the choices of older patients with multimorbidity to provide references for the rational allocation of healthcare resources.

Methods

A multistage, stratified, whole‐group random‐sampling method was used to select eligible older patients from September to December of 2022 who attended the Community Health Service Center of Guangdong Province. We adopted a self‐designed questionnaire to collect patients' general, disease‐related, social‐support information, their intention to choose a healthcare provider. A binary logistic regression and decision tree model based on the Chi‐squared automatic interaction detector algorithm were implemented to analyze the associated factors involved.

Results

A total of 998 patients in stabilization period were included in the study, of which 593 (59.42%) chose hospital and 405 (40.58%) chose primary care. Our binary logistic regression results revealed that age, sex, individual average annual income, educational level, self‐reported health status, activities of daily living, alcohol consumption, family doctor contracting, and family supervision of medication or exercise were the principal factors influencing the choice of medical institutions for older patients with multimorbidity (p < 0.05). The decision‐tree model reflected three levels and 11 nodes, and we screened a total of four influencing factors: activities of daily living, age, a family doctor contract, and patient sex. The data showed that the logistic regression model possessed an accuracy of 72.9% and that the decision tree model exhibited an accuracy of 68.7%. Prediction using the binary logistic regression was thus statistically superior to the categorical decision‐tree model based on the Chi‐squared automatic interaction detector algorithm (Z = 3.238, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

More than half of older patients with multimorbidity in stabilization period chose hospitals for healthcare. Efforts should be made to improve the quality of healthcare services and increase the medical contracting rate and recognition of family doctors so as to attract older patients with multimorbidity to primary medical institutions.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy for the first‐line treatment of patients with metastatic or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China
Authors: Tang Yu‐kai , Xu Zhe , Ye Zhuo‐miao , Li Shi‐ran , Zhou Qin
Published: October 2023

Background

The combination of tislelizumab and gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) in the first‐line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M NPC) has yielded significant results. However, it is not clear whether this treatment option is cost‐effective in China. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of tislelizumab plus GP for the first‐line treatment of R/M NPC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.

Methods

A partitioned survival model with three discrete health states was constructed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of tislelizumab plus GP versus GP in patients with R/M NPC. The target population enrolled in the RATIONALE‐309 trial had previously not treated for R/M NPC. Drug costs were obtained from relevant databases, and the remaining cost and health utility data were collected from the literature. The main outcomes include the expected life years, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), total cost, and incremental cost–benefit ratio (ICER).

Results

The tislelizumab plus GP regimen produced an additional cost ($18392.76) and additional 1.57 QALYs compared with GP used alone. The ICER was $18392.75/QALYs. Sensitivity analysis showed that the analysis was robust and the utility of PD status was most sensitive to the model results. The possibility of tislelizumab plus GP being cost‐effective at the willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold of $37 653/QALY was 99.8%. Subgroup analysis showed that high PD‐L1 expression had little impact on the ICER of this regimen.

Conclusion

In patients with R/M NPC, the regimen of tislelizumab plus GP, as the first‐line treatment, is more cost‐effective than the GP regimen in China.
Appraising Nigeria’s approach to combating antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Onah Solomon Inalegwu , Umar Hadiza Joy
Published: October 2023

Aim

Antibiotic consumption has increased dramatically in recent years, and this increase is predominantly fuelled by low‐ and middle‐income countries. This is a worrying report, as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is primarily driven by antibiotic consumption. To combat AMR, the Nigerian Ministry of Health established the Antimicrobial Resistance Technical Working Group (AMR‐TWG), which developed and implemented the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. This study aims to identify and appraise the current situation in the fight against AMR in Nigeria.

Methods

This study contains a qualitative descriptive assessment of the advancements and the present status of efforts to combat AMR in Nigeria following the execution of the 2017–2022 National Action Plan (NAP) for AMR. The data for this study is soured primarily from the official national policy document on AMR and the responses of the Tracking AMR Country Self‐assessment Survey (TrACSS).

Results

The results from this study reveal that there have been significant efforts aimed at addressing AMR in Nigeria. These efforts have been focused on improving public awareness of AMR, improving One Health surveillance of AMR, improving infection prevention and control, improving antimicrobial stewardship practices in the country, and investing in research on AMR. However, significant gaps still exist in each of these focus areas that can potentially undermine the attempts that have been made hitherto.

Conclusions

Nigeria's commitment to the fight against AMR, as exemplified by the 2017–2022 National Action Plan, needs to be sustained and reinforced to safeguard public health and promote responsible antimicrobial use.
Association between transition patterns of sleep problems and suicidal ideation in Chinese female nurses: A prospective study
Authors: Mao Fangxiang , Wan Juan , Sun Yaoyao , Yang Bei , Wang Ying , Cao Fenglin
Published: October 2023

Objective

Suicidal ideation and sleep problems are both common in nurses. However, few longitudinal studies are available to examine the temporal association between sleep and suicidal ideation in nurses.

Method

Data from the Health Longitudinal Survey of Nurses in Shandong Province was analyzed, involving 623 female nurses who had completed data of concern in 2018 (T1) and 2019 (T2). Sleep problem was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, in which the transition patterns for global and specific sleep component and the cumulative number of sleep component problems were defined. Suicidal ideation was measured by the ninth item of the Patient Health Questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between sleep and suicidal ideation.

Results

Chronic and deteriorated global sleep problems is associated with a greater risk of suicidal ideation. For the specific component of sleep, sleep disturbance and short sleep duration are associated with a higher risk of suicidal ideation. The higher number of cumulative sleep component problems is associated with a higher risk of suicidal ideation.

Conclusion

Findings indicate sleep disturbance and short sleep duration may be pathways to suicidal ideation. Initiatives that target at sleep problems may be important to reduce suicidal ideation in nurses.
Carotenoid characterization, fatty acid profiles, and antioxidant activities of haloarchaeal extracts
Authors: Kesbiç Fevziye Işıl , Gültepe Nejdet
Published: October 2023

Microorganisms that can survive in saline environments, known as halotolerant or halophilic organisms, have a wide range of current and potential uses in biotechnology. In this study, it was aimed to determine the carotenoids of halophilic archaea strains isolated from the brine samples taken from different points of Salt Lake (Turkey) and determine the antioxidant activities of their carotenoids. To identify the halophilic archaea strains, they were cultivated in MAM JCM 168 medium and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility, fatty acid, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional imaging by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, biochemical and phylogenetic assays. The findings show that five different halophilic archaea strains have been identified as Halorubrum lipolyticum, Halorubrum sodomense, Haloarcula salaria, Halorubrum chaoviator, and Haloarcula japonica with 98% and above similarity ratio. The main fatty acids of all haloarchaeal strains were octadecanoic acid (C18:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0). The major carotenoid of the species was determined as all‐trans bacterioruberin, and different carotenoid types such as lycopene, β‐carotene, and 2‐isopentenyl‐3,4‐dehydrorodopin were found as well as bacterioruberin isomers. The antioxidant activities of carotenoids extracted from the species were analyzed by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method and the extracts showed antioxidant activity statistically significantly higher than ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene as reference products (p < 0.05).
Long‐term trend analysis in annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall in East Northeast of Brazil and the influence of modes of climate variability
Authors: Abreu Marcel Carvalho , de Souza Fraga Micael , Lyra Gustavo Bastos , de Oliveira Junior José Francisco , de Jesús Villar‐Hernández Bartolo , de Souza Amaury , Zeri Marcelo
Published: October 2023

The study of rainfall trends is crucial for food security and water availability in Alagoas state, Northeast of Brazil. In this work, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall trends have been studied (1960–2016) for homogeneous rainfall regions over the eastern part of the Northeast Brazil (ENEB) and later related to climate variability. Cluster analysis was applied to identify homogeneous rainfall regions while the Mann–Kendall (MK), modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) and Pettitt tests were used in the analysis and identification of trends on a spatial and temporal scale. To relate rainfall and climate variability modes, Spearman's correlation was used in each homogeneous region. The rainfall series provided evidence of a general decrease in rainfall in the rainy period and an increase in the dry period, mainly over the driest region. The break points of time series occurred mostly in periods of great variations in values of modes of climate variability, especially the Monthly Niño3.4 Index and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), both having a robust influence across the region. Moreover, the probable rainfall in the time series with trends was different in most months before and after the breakpoint. After the breakpoint, probable rainfall was lower, influenced by the breakpoint year (size of the series before and after the breakpoint), which mainly occurred in the 1980s and 1990s and presented a warm phase and a greater number of El Niño events. The MK and MMK trend tests showed the ability to detect trends, although there is no established standard on which test or version to use due to self‐correlated, nonhomogeneous series with nonrandom or nonindependent data. Rainfall is an important variable for water and food security and in the monitoring of natural disasters. The changes detected in this study can be used as reference information for public policies on water resources and future studies for Alagoas and similar regions.
Comparative evaluation of semaphorin‐4D, peptidylarginine deiminase‐2, and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 levels of gingival crevicular fluid in periodontally healthy and Stage III periodontitis smoker and non‐smoker patients before and after non‐surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Ikhar Aishwarya S. , Kolte Rajashri A. , Kolte Abhay P. , Rathi Prachi R. , Ghoderao Dhanashree G. , Dahake Rahul N.
Published: October 2023

Background

This study was designed to assess the influence of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of semaphorin‐4D (SEMA‐4D), peptidylarginine deiminase‐2 (PAD‐2), and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) levels in periodontally healthy, Stage III periodontitis non‐smoker and smoker patients.

Methods

Sixty patients were equally divided into three groups, Group I: Periodontally healthy, Group II: Non‐smokers with Stage III periodontitis, and Group III: Smokers with Stage III periodontitis. The patients underwent NSPT with clinical and biochemical parameters examined at baseline and 3 months post therapy. GCF was collected for levels of SEMA‐4D, PAD‐2, and MMP‐8 through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Greater values of PPD (8.06 ± 0.19 mm), CAL (8.94 ± 0.19 mm), PI (2.58 ± 0.19) while lower PBI (1.39 ± 0.19%) and GI (1.72 ± 0.19) scores were seen in Group III as compared to Group II, which reduced significantly from baseline to 3 months in both the groups after NSPT. Minimum values of SEMA‐4D, PAD‐2, and MMP‐8 levels in GCF were seen for Group I, which increased incrementally to Group II and III. Also, among Group II and III the SEMA‐4D, PAD‐2, and MMP‐8 levels in GCF reduced from baseline to 3 months indicating a favorable response within the tissues.

Conclusion

Greater levels in GCF of Levels of SEMA‐4D, PAD‐2, and MMP‐8 in Group II and III, which reduced significantly post NSPT, implied that these biomarkers play a pivotal role in the inflammatory process and can be utilized for early diagnosis.
Minimal important difference metrics and test–retest reliability of the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 with a primary care sample
Authors: Blanchard Brittany E. , Johnson Morgan , Campbell Sarah B. , Reed David E. , Chen Shiyu , Heagerty Patrick J. , Marx Brian P. , Kaysen Debra , Fortney John C.
Published: October 2023

The PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) is a measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity that is widely used for clinical and research purposes. Although previous work has examined metrics of minimal important difference (MID) of the PCL‐5 in veteran samples, no work has identified PCL‐5 MID metrics among adults in primary care in the United States. In this secondary analysis, data were evaluated from primary care patients (N = 971) who screened positive for PTSD and participated in a large clinical trial in federally qualified health centers in three U.S. states. Participants primarily self‐identified as women (70.2%) and White (70.3%). We calculated test–retest reliability using clinic registry data and multiple distribution‐ and anchor‐based metrics of MID using baseline and follow‐up survey data. Test–retest reliability (Pearson's r, Spearman's ρ, intraclass correlation coefficient) ranged from adequate to excellent (.79–.94), with the shortest time lag demonstrating the highest reliability estimate. The MID for the PCL‐5 was estimated using multiple approaches. Distribution‐based approaches indicated an MID range of 8.5–12.5, and anchor‐based approaches indicated an MID range of 9.8–11.7. Taken together, the MID metrics indicate that PCL‐5 change scores of 9–12 likely reflect real change in PTSD symptoms and indicate at least an MID for patients, whereas PCL‐5 change scores of 5 or less likely are not reliable. These findings can help inform clinicians using the PCL‐5 in similar populations to track patient responses to treatment and help researchers interpret PCL‐5 score changes in clinical trials.
Amyopathic anti‐TIF1‐γ antibody‐positive dermatomyositis in a young man
Authors: Kluger Nicolas
Published: October 2023

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory disorder characterized by the association of typical skin and myositis. It may be associated with interstitial lung disease and/or malignancy. Diagnosis is usually easy in patients with fair skin due to very peculiar clinical features, but, among persons of colour (PoC), diagnosis can become challenging for an unexperienced eye, especially in case of lack of clinical myositis. We present the case of a young man with amyopathic DM that has evolved for 4 years before the proper diagnosis has been made. Our case highlights the pitfalls related to the clinical presentation of DM in PoC.
Limitations in Faculty Advancement for Underrepresented Groups in Academic Otolaryngology
Authors: Kim Sul Gi , Russel Sarah M. , Stack Taylor J. , Frank‐Ito Dennis O. , Farzal Zainab , Ebert Charles S. , Buckmire Robert A. , Demason Christine E. , Shah Rupali N.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Despite the increasing racial diversity of the United States, representation in academic medicine faculty does not reach concordance with the general population and worsens with higher rank. Few studies have examined this within academic Otolaryngology and surgical subspecialties. This project aims to compare rank equity in academic Otolaryngology on self‐reported gender and race/ethnicity between the years 2000 and 2020.

Methods

Publicly available data were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges under the “Data & Reports” section for the years 2000 and 2020. The report comprised of full‐time faculty from all U.S. medical schools. To determine parity between faculty ranks across gender and race/ethnicity, rank equity index (REI) was calculated for associate/assistant, professor/associate, and professor/assistant professor comparisons.

Results

The percentage of women faculty in Otolaryngology has increased from 21% in 2000 to 37% in 2020; however, they did not achieve parity at all rank comparisons for both years. On the contrary, men were above parity at all rank comparisons. Improvements in rank equity occurred for Black/African American (Black) and Hispanic Latino/Spanish Origin (Latine) faculty between the years 2000 and 2020; however, when accounting for gender, benefits were concentrated among men.

Conclusion

Advancement along the academic ladder is limited for women of all racial groups in academic Otolaryngology. While improved rank equity was seen for Black and Latine faculty, these improvements were largely among men. Future directions should aim to identify barriers to recruitment, retention, and promotion for women and underrepresented in medicine (URiM) academic otolaryngologists and create interventions that diversify Otolaryngology faculty at all ranks.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:1625–1632, 2024
Occult Nodal Metastases in Individuals with Clinically Node‐Negative Salivary Gland Malignancies
Authors: Zhang Emily S. , Hair Bryan B. , Lamarre Eric D. , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Burkey Brian B.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Salivary gland malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of pathologies, for which treatment of the clinically negative neck may vary depending on numerous factors. Herein we present data on occult nodal metastases (ONM) as well as survival and recurrence from a large series of cN0 salivary gland malignancies.

Methods

Retrospective chart review was conducted on 532 patients, with 389 patients with major salivary gland cancers and 143 patients with minor salivary gland cancers. Demographic and treatment data were included and rates of ONM, overall survival, local recurrence, regional recurrence, and distant recurrence were analyzed.

Results

We found that the overall rate of ONM for parotid was 27% (63/235), for submandibular/sublingual was 35% (18/52), and for minor was 15% (4/26). Analysis of ONM rate at each nodal level was also performed, finding higher rates of level IV and V ONM than prior studies. Submandibular/sublingual and minor salivary gland malignancies showed a predominance of ONMs at levels I–III. Our survival and recurrence rates were similar to those found in previous studies.

Conclusion

Our data also demonstrate a predominance of ONM in levels I–III for submandibular/sublingual and minor salivary gland cancers, suggesting elective dissection in these levels.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:1705–1715, 2024
Role of the otologist/neurotologist in managing auricular and periauricular cutaneous malignancies: A 10‐year otologic oncology experience
Authors: Patel Tirth R. , Prince Andrew D. P. , Benjamin William J. , Basura Gregory J.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Auricular/periauricular cutaneous malignancies can be challenging to manage surgically due to the complex anatomy of the region. Otologists/neurotologists have unique skillsets that are well‐suited to surgically treat these patients. We aim to highlight the role of otologists and neurotologists in providing surgical care of patients with auricular and periauricular malignancies by describing the experience of a single fellowship‐trained neurotologist over a 10‐year period.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 387 patients with auricular and periauricular malignancy treated by a single neurotologist between 2012 and 2022 was completed. Tumor histology and procedures performed for each patient were extracted. Additional data was collected for a subset of 84 patients with complex cases requiring selective neck dissection, parotidectomy, lateral temporal bone resection, regional advancement or rotational flap reconstruction, and/or free tissue transfer reconstruction.

Results

Within the series of 387 patients, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histology (42.6%, n = 165), followed by basal cell carcinoma (40.8%, n = 158), and melanoma (9.8%, n = 38). Common surgical procedures included wide local excision (61.8%, n = 239), partial/sub‐total auriculectomy 18.3% (n = 71), or total auriculectomy 5.2% (n = 20). Within the 84‐patient subset, median age at diagnosis was 71.9 years. Dermatologists provided most patient referrals (50.0%, n = 42). Most common tumor locations included: auricular (58.3%, n = 49), pre‐auricular (21.4%, n = 18), and parotid (27.4%, n = 23). Revision surgery occurred in 22.6% of cases (n = 19), of which 26.3% (n = 5) for positive margins and 31.6% (n = 6) for recurrence. Mean follow‐up was 22.8 months. Disease‐specific 5‐year survival was 91%.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the feasibility of an otologist/neurotologist incorporating the surgical management of auricular and periauricular malignancies into their practice.

Level of Evidence

4.
Addition of Bone‐Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to 3D‐Printed Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogel Containing Freeze‐Dried Bone Nanoparticles Accelerates Regeneration of Critical Size Bone Defects
Authors: Bastami Farshid , Safavi Seyedeh‐Mina , Seifi Sina , Nadjmi Nasser , Khojasteh Arash
Published: October 2023

A 3D‐printed biodegradable hydrogel, consisting of alginate, gelatin, and freeze‐dried bone allograft nanoparticles (npFDBA), is developed as a scaffold for enhancing cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation when combined with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). This composite hydrogel is intended for the regeneration of critical‐sized bone defects using a rat calvaria defect model. The behavior of rBMSCs seeded onto the scaffold is evaluated through scanning electron microscope, MTT assays, and quantitative real‐time PCR. In a randomized study, thirty rats are assigned to five treatment groups: 1) rBMSCs‐loaded hydrogel, 2) rBMSCs‐loaded FDBA microparticles, 3) hydrogel alone, 4) FDBA alone, and 5) an empty defect serving as a negative control. After 8 weeks, bone regeneration is assessed using H&E, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry. The 3D‐printed hydrogel displays excellent adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of rBMSCs. The rBMSCs‐loaded hydrogel exhibits comparable new bone regeneration to the rBMSCs‐loaded FDBA group, outperforming other groups with statistical significance (P‐value < 0.05). These findings are corroborated by Masson's trichrome staining and osteocalcin expression. The rBMSCs‐loaded 3D‐printed hydrogel demonstrates promising potential for significantly enhancing bone regeneration, surpassing the conventional clinical approach (FDBA).
Isolation, characterization, and fibroblast uptake of bacterial extracellular vesicles from Porphyromonas gingivalis strains
Authors: Haugsten Helene R. , Kristoffersen Anne K. , Haug Trude M. , Søland Tine M. , Øvstebø Reidun , Aass Hans C. D. , Enersen Morten , Galtung Hilde K.
Published: October 2023

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition caused by bacteria and represents a serious health problem worldwide as the inflammation damages the supporting tissues of the teeth and may predispose to systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a keystone periodontal pathogen that releases bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) containing virulence factors, such as gingipains, that may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bEVs from three strains of P. gingivalis, investigate putative bEV uptake into human oral fibroblasts, and determine the gingipain activity of the bEVs. bEVs from three bacterial strains, ATCC 33277, A7A1‐28, and W83, were isolated through ultrafiltration and size‐exclusion chromatography. Vesicle size distribution was measured by nano‐tracking analysis (NTA). Transmission electron microscopy was used for bEV visualization. Flow cytometry was used to detect bEVs and gingipain activity was measured with an enzyme assay using a substrate specific for arg‐gingipain. The uptake of bEVs into oral fibroblasts was visualized using confocal microscopy. NTA showed bEV concentrations from 108 to 1011 particles/mL and bEV diameters from 42 to 356 nm. TEM pictures demonstrated vesicle‐like structures. bEV‐gingipains were detected both by flow cytometry and enzyme assay. Fibroblasts incubated with bEVs labeled with fluorescent dye displayed intracellular localization consistent with bEV internalization. In conclusion, bEVs from P. gingivalis were successfully isolated and characterized, and their uptake into human oral fibroblasts was documented. The bEVs displayed active gingipains demonstrating their origin from P. gingivalis and the potential role of bEVs in periodontitis.
MUC16 C terminal fragment activates YAP1 through Src signaling to promote gallbladder cancer growth
Authors: Fan Kun , Wang Jiwen , Zhu Kaihua , Ni Xiaojian , Shen Sheng , Gong Zijun , Bo Xiaobo , Wang Changcheng , Cheng Xi , Zhang Cheng , Suo Tao , Liu Han , Ni Xiaoling , Liu Houbao
Published: October 2023

The Hippo pathway is crucial to organ size control and its dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis. The aberrant activation of YAP1 was identified in gallbladder cancer (GBC). However, the underlying mechanism and role in GBC remains unclear. The C terminal fragment of Mucin16, also known as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) encoded product, MUC16c, plays extensive roles in tumor initiation and development. Our study showed that MUC16c binding with 14‐3‐3ε disrupted the interaction of 14‐3‐3ε and phosphorylated yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1), which led to the activation of YAP1 in GBC. Furthermore, MUC16c decreased the phosphorylation of YAP1 at serine 397 (ser397) by inhibiting LATS1, which upregulated YAP1 protein stability. Interestingly, there was a potential Src kinase site in the MUC16c fragment. The MUC16c_del15Y polypeptides with the deletion of the Src kinase site promoted the interaction of YAP1 with 14‐3‐3ε and downregulated the YAP1 protein levels. Consistently, SU6656, a Src kinase inhibitor also blocked the activation of YAP1 by MUC16c. The MUC16c_del15Y polypeptides decreased GBC cell proliferation in vitro and the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Our study revealed the underlying mechanism of the activation of MUC16c on YAP1 mediated by Src signaling and the antitumor effect of MUC16c_del15Y, providing a potential target for GBC therapy.
The concept of nonlinear phase shifter and its application to element of sensing RISs
Authors: Bian Chenge , Zhou Dongfang , Zhang Dewei , Deng Hailin , Liu Qing , Zhang Yi , Lv Dalong
Published: October 2023

In this study, the concept of the nonlinear phase shifter is proposed to provide a new idea for the hardware architecture of sensing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). First, the equivalent circuit of the proposed phase shifter is given to provide theoretical guidance for the design. Then, the nonlinearity analysis of the nonlinear phase shifter is presented. Finally, two simplified sensing RIS elements operating at 4 GHz was fabricated and measured to validate the design. The measured scanning range was from 16° to −18° with the input power increasing from 5 to 23 dBm. The nonlinear phase shifter shows great application potential in sensing RISs.
Effect of lying position on gastric residual volume in premature infants: A systematic review
Authors: Özgörü Hande , Mutlu Birsen , Erkut Zeynep
Published: October 2023

Premature infants' gastric residual volume may be affected by position. This systematic review was conducted to examine the effect of lying position on the gastric residual volume of preterm newborns fed by gastric tube. Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, MEDLINE Complete, Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, and Scopus) were searched for randomized controlled experimental or quasiexperimental studies in English published between 2011 and 2022 investigating the effect of one or more lying positions on gastric residual volume in premature newborns. The PICOS strategy was used in preparing and reporting the systematic review. A total of 304 articles were retrieved, and the full texts of 12 articles were evaluated for suitability. After eliminating the excluded articles, 10 articles were included in the analysis. The quality of evidence varied, with four studies judged to have poor quality whereas the remaining six were considered to range from moderate to good in quality. Based on the results obtained from the studies, it was determined that gastric residual volume was the least in the right lateral and prone positions and more in the left lateral and supine positions compared with the other two positions, with no difference between the two latter positions. The methodological differences, such as the evaluation of different positions, the timing of positioning and the duration of maintaining in the same position, and the measurement times of gastric residual volume made it difficult to reach a definitive proof. We concluded that high‐evidence studies evaluating all positions are needed.
Challenges in undertaking nonlinear Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wade Kaitlin H. , Hamilton Fergus W. , Carslake David , Sattar Naveed , Davey Smith George , Timpson Nicholas J.
Published: October 2023

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a widely used method that exploits the unique properties of germline genetic variation to strengthen causal inference in relationships between exposures and outcomes. Nonlinear MR allows estimation of the shape of these relationships. In a previous paper, the authors applied linear and nonlinear MR to estimate the effect of BMI on mortality in UK Biobank, providing evidence for a J‐shaped association. However, it is now clear that there are problems with widely used nonlinear MR methods, which draws attention to the likely erroneous nature of the conclusions regarding the shapes of several explored relationships. Here, the authors explore the utility and likely biases of these nonlinear MR methods with the use of a negative control design. Although there remains good evidence for a causal effect of higher BMI increasing the risk of mortality, the pattern of this association across different levels of BMI requires further characterization.
A comparison of virtual and in person delivery of a full meal replacement program for obesity
Authors: Skeldon Matthew , Harris David , Dent Robert , Shiau Judy Y.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Full meal replacement (FMR) Intensive Lifestyle Interventions (ILI) have been used for weight management. However, predictors of efficacy with these programs are less clear. The primary objective was to assess weight loss predictors in a community‐based FMR ILI program. A secondary objective was to determine if weight loss was different between virtual and in person ILI.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study involving 234 patients who started the program between 1 January 2016 and 3 March 2021. In the 24‐week program, patients spent 12 weeks on FMR and then transitioned back to food for the remainder, with weekly follow up with a physician and group sessions with a dietitian. Visits were in person prior to March 2020 and virtual afterward.

Results

Patients' average age was 47.5 years (SD = 12.0) and 73.5% were female. Average weight loss was 14.3% (SD = 6.2%). There was no significant difference in weight loss between virtual and in person programs. Patients on a Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist prior lost less weight. Other significant associations between groups were baseline Hemoglobin A1C, classes attended, as well as the age since peak weight.

Conclusion

Weight loss from virtual ILI was not significantly different from person ILI. More research is needed to determine how to best stratify care as virtual or in person using FMR programs.
Effect of Perioperative Antithrombotics on Postoperative Transfusion and Hematoma in Head and Neck Free Flaps
Authors: Hicks Melanie D. , Vasudev Milind , Bishop Jessica L. , Garcia Natalie , Chowdhury Farshad , Pham Tiffany T. , Heslop Gabriela , Greene Benjamin , Jeyarajan Hari , Grayson Jessica W. , Goddard Julie A. , Tjoa Tjoson , Haidar Yarah , Thomas Carissa M.
Published: October 2023

Objective

To explore if antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy increases the risk of transfusion requirement or postoperative hematoma formation in patients undergoing microvascular reconstruction for head and neck defects.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the University of Colorado, and the University of California Irvine.

Methods

A multi‐institutional, retrospective review on microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck between August 2013 to July 2021. Perioperative antithrombotic data were collected to examine predictors of postoperative transfusion and hematoma.

Results

A total of 843 free flaps were performed. Preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit, operative time, and flap type were positive predictors of postoperative transfusion in both bivariate (P < .0001) and multivariate analyses (P < .0001). However, neither anticoagulation nor antiplatelet therapy were predictive of postoperative transfusion rates and hematoma formation.

Conclusion

Antithrombotic regimens do not increase the risk of postoperative transfusion or hematoma in head and neck microvascular reconstruction. Based on this limited data, perioperative antithrombotic regimens can be considered in patients who may otherwise be at risk for these postoperative complications.
Statistical analysis of fracture of silica glass using molecular dynamics
Authors: Alshabab Somar Shekh , Markert Bernd , Bamer Franz
Published: October 2023

Disordered solids exhibit intermittent avalanches when slowly driven by an external load. These avalanches are associated with plastic rearrangements of the atoms at the nanoscale that manifest as stress and energy drops in the loading curve. The complexity arising from their interactions through long‐range elastic fields and the disorder makes statistical approaches suitable for studying their behavior by considering yielding and fracture as a phase transition. To investigate the avalanche statistics, we perform nanoscale simulations using the athermal quasistatic deformation protocol to induce fracture to silica glass samples, which were simulated using the melting‐quenching technique. We identify and measure the avalanches and voids and investigate their evolution in the process of fracture. Our results confirm that the avalanches exhibit scale‐free power law statistics, indicative of a critical phenomenon.
A large strain thermoplasticity model including recovery, recrystallisation and grain size effects
Authors: Böddecker Merlin , Menzel Andreas
Published: October 2023

In manufacturing, thermomechanical processes such as static annealing and hot working are commonly used to tailor the microstructure of metals to achieve favourable macroscopic material properties that meet specific application requirements. To improve sequential manufacturing processes and to accurately predict the microstructural changes of the material along the process chain, physically motivated constitutive models are required that simultaneously account for the effects of recovery and recrystallisation, as well as grain size dependencies. To this end, Cho et al. [Int. J. Plasticity 112, 123–157 (2019)] proposed a macroscopic hypo‐elasticity based large strain thermoplasticity model that aims at the unification of the effects of static and dynamic recovery and recrystallisation, as well as grain growth and refinement. In the present contribution, the hypo‐elasticity based large strain recrystallisation formulation proposed by Cho et al. is transferred to a hyper‐elasticity based large strain thermoplasticity framework to overcome the limitations typically accompanied with hypo‐elasticity based formulations. For this purpose, an isotropic temperature dependent hyper‐elastic Hencky type formulation defined in logarithmic strains is combined with a temperature dependent von Mises yield criterion. The recrystallisation modelling approach by Cho et al. is adopted, assuming a non‐associated temperature dependent proportional hardening rate in the form of an Armstrong‐Frederick type hardening minus recovery format, wherein the proportional hardening related internal variable is interpreted as a measure of dislocation density. It is shown that the hyper‐elasticity based format results in a thermodynamical consistency condition that effectively constrains the physically motivated evolutions of recrystallised volume fraction and average grain size. To investigate the capability of the model to predict the material response of unified recrystallisation thermodynamically consistently, representative thermomechanical sequential loading conditions including static annealing and hot working are studied.
Mechanical performance of adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced boron‐modified phenolic resin plastic‐titanium single‐lap joints at high temperature
Authors: Ma Guoqing , Han Xiao , Ying Liang , Wang Dezhi , Wu Chengwei
Published: October 2023

This article characterized the mechanical performance and failure mode of single‐lap joints (SLJs) of carbon fiber reinforced boron‐modified phenolic resin plastic (CF/BPR) and TC4 titanium alloy by quasi‐static tensile tests at four temperatures (25, 100, 175, and 250°C). The experimental results indicated that the shear strength of SLJs is 10.8 MPa at 25°C, which experiences monotonic drop to 80%, 42.6%, and 18.5% with temperature increase from 100 to 175°C, and to 250°C, respectively. Additionally, there was a transformation in the failure mode from composite material failure to cohesive failure in the adhesive along with the temperature increase. The intralaminar elasticities of CF/BPR were predicted using representative volume element (RVE), and the mechanical properties of three types of bondlines (i.e., the interlamination, interface of CF/BPR and the epoxy adhesive layer) were determined by both experiment and predictive methods. A finite element model taking into account the intralaminar damage of CF/BPR and the cohesive behavior of three bondlines was established. The simulated results showed good consistency with the experimental data for failure prediction, and the mechanical performance and damage propagation of SLJs at different temperatures were discussed. This research provides reference for the design and manufacture of high‐temperature bonded structures.

Highlights

RVE and degradation factor methods evaluate the elasticity of composite material.

Four types of damage behaviors are considered in the established FE model.

The SLJs exhibit single or multiple failure modes at different temperatures.

The mechanical properties of SLJs severely degraded with increasing temperature.
An investigation of the mechanical characteristics of natural particle‐reinforced glass and epoxy composites after immersion in acidic and basic aging solutions
Authors: Kandas Halis , Ozdemir Okan
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to ascertain the alterations in aging responses of fiber‐reinforced composites, as well as the effects of their natural particle reinforcement, through exposure to acidic and alkaline solutions. Specimens were produced with 0 wt. % (neat), 1 wt. %, 2 wt. % and 3 wt. % particle ratios from acorn and pinecone particles. A particle content of 2 wt. % was determined to yield the best mechanical properties in all mechanical tests conducted for pinecone reinforcement. The highest improvement in strength, observed in 3 wt. % pinecone‐reinforced composites, reached 22.5% at flexural strength. HCl and NaOH diluted in water were chosen as aging solutions. Mechanical tests were repeated at different stages of aging. According to the findings, 1 wt. % particle‐reinforced composites showed better resilience to the mechanical property reduction effect of aging compared to the 2 wt. % and 3 wt. % particle‐reinforced composites. At a particle ratio of 2 wt. %, the acorn‐reinforced specimens exhibit their highest maximum penetration force, which is 5% higher than that of the 0 wt. % composite, consistent with the results of tensile and compressive tests.

Highlights

Composite material was manufactured by hand lay‐up and vacuum bagging method.

Specimens were aged using acid and base solutions.

Tensile, compressive, and bending results were obtained depending on particle type and ratio.

Tensile, compressive, and bending strengths of composites were compared according to various aging times.
Effects of long‐range dispersive interaction on the electron transport in short single strands of guanine bases
Authors: Bao Xuan‐Xuan , Wang Xue‐Feng
Published: October 2023

We study the effects of the long‐range dispersive interaction on the electron transport in short single strands of guanine bases (G)s employing the density functional theory combined with non‐equilibrium Green's function method. Effects of contacting position are considered by connecting atomic gold chain electrodes on different positions to adapt to possible realistic measurements. The dispersive interaction can modify the stacking structure and enhance the helicity of the molecules. The corresponding change in the electronic structure may result in much‐increased conductance and the rectification effect. The dispersive interaction may also be the key to the realization of first‐principles simulation of some systems.