bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sublobar resection or lobectomy and postoperative respiratory complications in emphysematous lungs
Authors: Miura Kentaro , Ide Shogo , Minamisawa Masatoshi , Mishima Shuji , Matsuoka Shunichiro , Eguchi Takashi , Hamanaka Kazutoshi , Shimizu Kimihiro
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES

Pulmonary resection in patients with severe emphysema may impact postoperative respiratory complications. Low-attenuation areas evaluated using three-dimensional computed tomography to assess emphysematous changes are strongly associated with postoperative respiratory complications. Herein, we investigated the relationship between low-attenuation area, the surgical procedure and resected lung volume, which has not been explored in previous studies.

METHODS

We retrospectively evaluated patients with primary or metastatic lung cancer who underwent surgical resection. The low-attenuation area percentage (low-attenuation area/total lung area × 100) and resected lung volume were calculated using three-dimensional computed tomography software, and the relationship with postoperative respiratory complications was analysed.

RESULTS

Postoperative respiratory complications occurred in 66 patients (17%) in the total cohort (n = 383). We set the median value of 1.1% as the cut-off value for low-attenuation area percentage to predict postoperative respiratory complications, which occurred in 24% and 10% of patients with low-attenuation area >1.1% and <1.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Postoperative respiratory complications occurred in approximately one-third of the patients with low-attenuation area >1.1%, whose resected lung volume was ≥15.8% or ≥5 resected subsegments. Multivariable analysis revealed that sublobar resection was associated with a significantly lower risk of postoperative respiratory complications in patients with low-attenuation area >1.1% (odds ratio 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.183–0.875).

CONCLUSIONS

Emphysema is a risk factor for postoperative respiratory complications, and lobectomy is an independent predictive risk factor. Preserving more lung parenchyma may yield better short-term prognoses in patients with emphysematous lungs.
Clinical benefits of surgical ablation during isolated aortic valve replacement: a nationwide study
Authors: Kim Ji Seong , Kim Jinhee , Kang Yoonjin , Sohn Suk Ho , Lee Yewon , Kim Sue Hyun , Hwang Ho Young , Kim Kyung Hwan , Kim Mi-Sook , Choi Jae Woong
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES

To compare the early- and long-term clinical outcomes of concomitant surgical ablation (SA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) during isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database.

METHODS

Of 23,332 adult patients who underwent AVR between 2003 and 2019, those with underlying AF with or without concomitant SA were extracted, and propensity score matching analysis was performed.

RESULTS

Overall, 1,741 patients with underlying AF with (n = 445, group A) or without (n = 1,296, group N) concomitant SA during isolated AVR were enrolled, from whom 435 pairs were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity score matching analysis. The operative mortality and early postoperative morbidities, including bleeding reoperation, stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation and acute kidney injury were comparable between the groups. The overall survival showed no differences between the groups. However, the cumulative incidence of new-onset late ischaemic stroke was significantly lower in group A than group N in propensity score-matched patients [2.3 vs 3.5 per 100 patient-years, adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.64 (0.43–0.96), Group A versus Group N, respectively]. The cumulative incidence of other morbidities such as reoperation, permanent pacemaker implantation and progression to chronic renal failure showed no difference between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of late ischaemic stroke was significantly lower when concomitant SA was performed during isolated AVR in patients with underlying AF. Therefore, concomitant SA should be actively considered in patients with underlying AF undergoing isolated AVR to prevent the occurrence of late ischaemic stroke.
Digital multimodal composing pedagogy in a university writing course
Authors: Ho Wing Yee Jenifer
Published: March 2024

Digital multimodal composing (DMC) allows students to mobilize a wide range of multimodal resources to make meaning. While studies in DMC tended to focus on language-learning contexts, few of them examine its use in content-based courses whereby students are proficient L2 users expected to demonstrate understanding of abstract concepts using DMC. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with English-major students who attended a writing course in an English-medium instruction university in Hong Kong, the study investigated how the students’ view of DMC was transformed after exposure to DMC pedagogy. The study findings suggest that students developed an increased awareness of the affordances and constraints of (new media) writing, and they strategically bring in and bridge ‘in-class’ and ‘out-of-class’ digital practices. Students also reported on the opportunities and challenges of DMC pedagogy through reflecting on their DMC experiences. The study proposes suggestions for implementing DMC in diverse teaching and learning contexts.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa from river water: antimicrobial resistance, virulence and molecular typing
Authors: Rojo-Bezares Beatriz , Casado Cristina , Ceniceros Tania , López María , Chichón Gabriela , Lozano Carmen , Ruiz-Roldán Lidia , Sáenz Yolanda
Published: March 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were recovered from surface river water samples in La Rioja region (Spain) to characterise their antibiotic resistance, molecular typing and virulence mechanisms. Fifty-two P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from 15 different water samples (45.4%) and belonged to 23 different pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. All isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, except one carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa that showed a premature stop codon in OprD porin. Twenty-two sequence types (STs) (six new ones) were detected among 29 selected P. aeruginosa (one strain with a different PFGE pattern per sample), with ST274 (14%) being the most frequent one. O:6 and O:3 were the predominant serotypes (31%). Seven virulotypes were detected, being 59% exoS-exoY-exoT-exoA-lasA-lasB-lasI-lasR-rhlAB-rhlI-rhlR-aprA-positive P. aeruginosa. It is noteworthy that the exlA gene was identified in three strains (10.3%), and the exoU gene in seven (24.1%), exoS in 18 (62.1%), and both exoS and exoU genes in one strain. High motility ranges were found in these strains. Twenty-seven per cent of strains produced more biofilm biomass, 90% more pyorubin, 83% more pyocyanin and 65.5% more than twice the elastase activity compared with the PAO1 strain. These results highlight the importance of rivers as temporary reservoirs and sources of P. aeruginosa transmission, and show the importance of their epidemiological surveillance in the environment.
Circular RNA CircVmn2r1 Acts as a miR-223-3p Sponge to Promote Kidney Aging by Regulating NLRP3 Expression in Mice
Authors: Gao Fanfan , Wei Limin , Li Jie , Zeng Lu , Wang Meng , Lan Ping , Liang Shanshan , Huang Xinmei , Chen Lei , Jiang Hongli 
Published: March 2024

Kidney aging accelerates the progression of various acute and chronic kidney diseases and can also induce pathological changes in other organs throughout the body. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play a vital role in aging and age-related diseases. However, biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanism of circRNAs in kidney aging remain largely unclear. Uncovering the functions of circRNAs in kidney aging and their underlying regulatory mechanisms may shed new light on the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for human aging. Here, we report the important role of circVmn2r1 in the progression of kidney aging. We found that circVmn2r1 was one of the top expressed circRNAs in mouse kidney by RNA sequencing and was significantly upregulated in 24-month-old mouse kidney compared to 3-month-old. More importantly, we demonstrated that overexpression of circVmn2r1 promoted kidney aging in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. Cellular assays with mouse kidney tubular epithelium (TCMK-1) cells under both gain-of-function and loss-of-function conditions demonstrated that circVmn2r1 inhibited proliferation and promoted senescence, whereas miR-223-3p counteracted these effects. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that circVmn2r1 acted as a miR-223-3p sponge to relieve the repressive effect of miR-223-3p on its target NLRP3, which we proved could inhibit proliferation and promote senescence of TCMK-1 cells. Our results indicate that circVmn2r1 promotes kidney aging through acting as a miR-223-3p sponge, consequently upregulating NLRP3 expression, and can be a valuable diagnostic marker and an important therapeutic target for kidney aging.
Integrative Multimodal Metabolomics to Early Predict Cognitive Decline Among Amyloid Positive Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Tremblay-Franco Marie , Canlet Cécile , Carriere Audrey , Nakhle Jean , Galinier Anne , Portais Jean-Charles , Yart Armelle , Dray Cédric , Lu Wan-Hsuan , Bertrand Michel Justine , Guyonnet Sophie , Rolland Yves , Vellas Bruno , Delrieu Julien , Barreto Philippe de Souto , Pénicaud Luc , Casteilla Louis , Ader Isabelle ,   MAPT/DSA Group
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is strongly linked to metabolic abnormalities. We aimed to distinguish amyloid-positive people who progressed to cognitive decline from those who remained cognitively intact. We performed untargeted metabolomics of blood samples from amyloid-positive individuals, before any sign of cognitive decline, to distinguish individuals who progressed to cognitive decline from those who remained cognitively intact. A plasma-derived metabolite signature was developed from Supercritical Fluid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (SFC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. The 2 metabolomics data sets were analyzed by Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent approaches for Omics studies (DIABLO), to identify a minimum set of metabolites that could describe cognitive decline status. NMR or SFC-HRMS data alone cannot predict cognitive decline. However, among the 320 metabolites identified, a statistical method that integrated the 2 data sets enabled the identification of a minimal signature of 9 metabolites (3-hydroxybutyrate, citrate, succinate, acetone, methionine, glucose, serine, sphingomyelin d18:1/C26:0 and triglyceride C48:3) with a statistically significant ability to predict cognitive decline more than 3 years before decline. This metabolic fingerprint obtained during this exploratory study may help to predict amyloid-positive individuals who will develop cognitive decline. Due to the high prevalence of brain amyloid-positivity in older adults, identifying adults who will have cognitive decline will enable the development of personalized and early interventions.
Study on optimal allocation of energy storage in multi-regional integrated energy system considering stepped carbon trading
Authors: Zheng Weimin , Zou Bo , Gu Jiting , Chen Jiaqian , Hou Jiansheng
Published: March 2024

In this study, an energy storage configuration optimization model of multi regional integrated energy system based on integrated scheduling and stepped Carbon emission trading is proposed. By analyzing the steady-state, dynamic, and variable operating characteristics of multi regional integrated energy systems, a distributed energy planning modeling method was adopted to construct energy storage configuration constraint objects and optimization models. The target scheme of energy storage configuration is optimized by using the results of integrated scheduling scheme and dynamic distribution analysis of ladder Carbon emission trading, and the parameters are optimally estimated by using Monte Carlo method and quadratic fitting algorithm. The simulation results show that this method has a strong scheduling capability in the context of stepped Carbon emission trading, can accurately assess the load demand and supply demand relationship, reduce carbon emissions, and improve energy efficiency, with an average of 0.9121.
Examining the sustainable impact of urban expansion and urban expansion policies on archaeological sites: evidence from Jordan and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsubeh Mahmoud Ali , Helmi Mansour Rifaat
Published: March 2024

This research aims to explore the effect of urban expansion on archaeological sites, particularly those located within the urban fabric. The researcher will present maps of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia and Amman in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from 2004 to 2018, highlighting the changes in urban expansion policies and their impact on these archaeological sites. Moreover, this study takes into account the concept of sustainability in urban expansion. Some studies have reported that populations will be more concentrated in urban areas and that cities will continue to grow (Min et al., 2019). As a result of this rapid urban growth, there is a pressing need to consider the sustainability of these developments, including their impact on archaeological sites. By examining the positive and negative changes in archaeological sites surrounded by the urban fabric, this research seeks to identify the main reasons behind these changes. Furthermore, this study will propose suggestions for improving policies and procedures in these cities regarding the preservation of archaeological sites, with a focus on sustainability.
Infinitesimal Deformations of Some Quot Schemes
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Gangopadhyay Chandranandan , Sebastian Ronnie
Published: March 2024

Let $E$ be a vector bundle on a smooth complex projective curve $C$ of genus at least two. Let $\mathcal{Q}(E,d)$ be the Quot scheme parameterizing the torsion quotients of $E$ of degree $d$. We compute the cohomologies of the tangent bundle $T_{\mathcal{Q}(E,d)}$. In particular, the space of infinitesimal deformations of $\mathcal{Q}(E,d)$ is computed. Kempf and Fantechi computed the space of infinitesimal deformations of $\mathcal{Q}({\mathcal O}_{C},d)\,=\, C^{(d)}$ [ 11, 19].
Round-up of European enforcement case law 2023
Authors: Gommers Carina , Leppink Willem , Schneider Marius
Published: March 2024

In 2023, several noteworthy decisions relating to the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs) were handed down, including in relation to anti-counterfeiting, parallel trade, litigation aspects and restrictions on the enforcement of IPRs. The decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union and Supreme Courts and Courts of Appeals of the European Union Member States that the authors consider important are summarized in this contribution. The judgments were rendered between 1 January 2023 and 31 December 2023. As in previous editions, the authors have adopted a practical approach aimed at readers seeking an overview of the key IPR enforcement decisions of 2023.
Exploring the interaction between physical, psychosocial, and neck pain symptoms in construction workers
Authors: Kusmasari Wyke , Sutarto Auditya Purwandini , Dewi Nugrahaning Sani , Yassierli   , Yudhistira Titah , Muslim Khoirul , Sanjaya Kadek Heri , Haqiyah Aridhotul , Lestari Wahyu Dwi
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

Construction workers are particularly vulnerable to musculoskeletal disorders, yet the number of studies conducted in developing nations—where these workers contribute significantly to the economy—remains insufficient. This study aims to explore the interaction between physical and psychosocial exposure and the onset of neck pain or symptoms among construction workers in a developing country.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional study design, a total of 235 respondents from various construction projects participated in this study. Participants were assigned to one of 4 exposure groups: low physical and low psychosocial (which served as the reference group); low physical and high psychosocial; high physical and low psychosocial; and high physical and high psychosocial. To quantitatively assess the interaction, we calculated the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI).

Results:

Workers experiencing high levels of both physical and psychosocial risk factors had the highest odds ratio (OR) of neck symptoms (OR: 12.63; 95% CI: 3.39-46.99) compared with other groups. The AP (0.33; 95% CI: −0.24 to 0.90), RERI (0.40; 95% CI: −0.99 to 1.79), and SI (1.69; 95% CI: −1.77 to 5.15) revealed an interaction between physical and psychosocial factors that increases the OR of neck symptoms.

Conclusions:

This result suggests that physical risk factors at work become significantly more detrimental when paired with high psychosocial stress. Hence, ergonomic interventions in the construction industry aiming to reduce musculoskeletal disorders should consider both physical and psychosocial risk factors concurrently.
Diffraction-Based Multiscale Residual Strain Measurements
Authors: Pai Namit , Manda Sanjay , Sudhalkar Bhargav , Syphus Bethany , Fullwood David , de Kloe René , Wright Stuart , Patra Anirban , Samajdar Indradev
Published: March 2024

Modern analytical tools, from microfocus X-ray diffraction (XRD) to electron microscopy-based microtexture measurements, offer exciting possibilities of diffraction-based multiscale residual strain measurements. The different techniques differ in scale and resolution, but may also yield significantly different strain values. This study, for example, clearly established that high-resolution electron backscattered diffraction (HR-EBSD) and high-resolution transmission Kikuchi diffraction (HR-TKD) [sensitive to changes in interplanar angle (Δθθ)], provide quantitatively higher residual strains than micro-Laue XRD and transmission electron microscope (TEM) based precession electron diffraction (PED) [sensitive to changes in interplanar spacing (Δdd)]. Even after correcting key known factors affecting the accuracy of HR-EBSD strain measurements, a scaling factor of ∼1.57 (between HR-EBSD and micro-Laue) emerged. We have then conducted “virtual” experiments by systematically deforming an ideal lattice by either changing an interplanar angle (α) or a lattice parameter (a). The patterns were kinematically and dynamically simulated, and corresponding strains were measured by HR-EBSD. These strains showed consistently higher values for lattice(s) distorted by α, than those altered by a. The differences in strain measurements were further emphasized by mapping identical location with HR-TKD and TEM-PED. These measurements exhibited different spatial resolution, but when scaled (with ∼1.57) provided similar lattice distortions numerically.
Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Real-World Problems
Authors: Ross Frances M
Published: March 2024

Transmission electron microscopy of liquid samples is a relatively new technique that has the potential to reveal processes taking place within electrochemical, catalytic, and biological systems, during crystal growth from solution, and at the liquid/air interface. It is technically demanding yet can provide unique views of processes and structures in liquid environments. We will describe some highlights of the development of this technique and the equipment required to use it, explore questions that it can help address in microelectronics and battery research, and speculate on future directions and opportunities.
Exploring the nature of UV-bright z ≳ 10 galaxies detected by JWST: star formation, black hole accretion, or a non-universal IMF?
Authors: Trinca Alessandro , Schneider Raffaella , Valiante Rosa , Graziani Luca , Ferrotti Arianna , Omukai Kazuyuki , Chon Sunmyon
Published: March 2024

We use the Cosmic Archaeology Tool (CAT) semi-analytical model to explore the contribution of Population (Pop) III/II stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to the galaxy ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) evolution at 4 ≤ z ≤ 20. We compare in particular with recent JWST data in order to explore the apparent tension between observations and theoretical models in the number density of bright galaxies at z ≳ 10. The model predicts a star formation history dominated by UV faint (MUV > −18) galaxies, with a Pop III contribution of $\lesssim 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($\lesssim 0.5~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) at z ≃ 20 (z ≃ 10). Stars are the primary sources of cosmic reionization, with $5~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}\!-\!10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of ionizing photons escaping into the intergalatic medium at 5 ≤ z ≤ 10, while the contribution of unobscured AGNs becomes dominant only at z ≲ 5. The predicted stellar and AGN UV LFs reproduce the observational data at 5 ≲ z ≲ 9–10. At higher redshift, CAT predicts a steeper evolution in the faint-end slope (MUV > –18), and a number density of bright galaxies (MUV ≃ −20) consistent with data at z ∼ 10–11, but smaller by 0.8 dex at z ∼ 12–13, and 1.2 dex at z ∼ 14–16, when compared to the values estimated by recent studies. Including the AGN emission does not affect the above findings, as AGNs contribute at most to $\lesssim 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total UV luminosity at MUV < –19 and z ≳ 10. Interestingly, considering a gradual transition in the stellar initial mass function, modulated by metallicity and redshift as suggested by recent simulations, the model agrees with JWST data at z ∼ 12–13, and the disagreement at z ∼ 14–16 is reduced to 0.5 dex.
3D volume growth rate evaluation in the EORTC-BTG-1320 clinical trial for recurrent WHO grade 2 and 3 meningiomas
Authors: Tabouret Emeline , Furtner Julia , Graillon Thomas , Silvani Antonio , Le Rhun Emilie , Soffietti Riccardo , Lombardi Giuseppe , Sepúlveda-Sánchez Juan Manuel , Brandal Petter , Bendszus Martin , Golfinopoulos Vassilis , Gorlia Thierry , Weller Michael , Sahm Felix , Wick Wolfgang , Preusser Matthias
Published: March 2024

Background

We previously reported that tumor 3D volume growth rate (3DVGR) classification could help in the assessment of drug activity in patients with meningioma using 3 main classes and a total of 5 subclasses: class 1: decrease; 2: stabilization or severe slowdown; 3: progression. The EORTC-BTG-1320 clinical trial was a randomized phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of trabectedin for recurrent WHO 2 or 3 meningioma. Our objective was to evaluate the discriminative value of 3DVGR classification in the EORTC-BTG-1320.

Methods

All patients with at least 1 available MRI before trial inclusion were included. 3D volume was evaluated on consecutive MRI until progression. 2D imaging response was centrally assessed by MRI modified Macdonald criteria. Clinical benefit was defined as neurological or functional status improvement or steroid decrease or discontinuation.

Results

Sixteen patients with a median age of 58.5 years were included. Best 3DVGR classes were: 1, 2A, 3A, and 3B in 2 (16.7%), 4 (33.3%), 2 (16.7%), and 4 (33.3%) patients, respectively. All patients with progression-free survival longer than 6 months had best 3DVGR class 1 or 2. 3DVGR classes 1 and 2 (combined) had a median overall survival of 34.7 months versus 7.2 months for class 3 (P = .061). All class 1 patients (2/2), 75% of class 2 patients (3/4), and only 10% of class 3 patients (1/10) had clinical benefit.

Conclusions

Tumor 3DVGR classification may be helpful to identify early signals of treatment activity in meningioma clinical trials.
Using Pod Based e-Cigarettes and Nicotine Pouches to Reduce Harm for Adults With Low Socioeconomic Status Who Smoke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Avila Jaqueline C , Maglalang Dale Dagar , Nollen Nicole L , Lee Sangah Clara , Suh Riley , Malone Mona , Binjrajka Urvi , Ahluwalia Jasjit S
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems (ANDS) such as e-cigarettes (EC) and oral nicotine pouches (ONP) may facilitate the substitution of smoking for those unwilling to quit. This pilot study assesses the harm-reduction potential of EC and ONP among smokers with low socioeconomic status (SES).

Aims and Methods

Adults who smoked daily in the past 6 months, had a household income < 250% federal poverty level and had no intention of quitting smoking in the next 30 days were randomized 2:2:1 to 8 weeks of 5% nicotine EC; 4 mg ONP or assessment-only control (CC). The primary outcome was a within-group change in cigarettes per day (CPD) from Baseline to week 8.

Results

Forty-five individuals were randomized (EC: N = 18; ONP: N = 18; CC: N = 9). Analyses included 33 participants who completed the week 8 visit. The mean age was 50.1 years (SD: 10.7) and the average CPD at baseline was 13.9 (SD: 10.1). For those randomized to EC, the average CPD decreased from 14.7 (95% CI: 10.3 to 19.1) at the Baseline to 2.9 (95% CI: .1 to 5.8) at week 8 (p-value < .001). For those randomized to ONP, average CPD decreased from 15.0 (95% CI: 5.0 to 24.9) to 8.3 (95% CI: 1.3 to 15.2) by week 8 (p-value = .01). In the EC and ONP groups, respectively, 4 (28.6%) and 1 (8.3%) participant fully switched from smoking to the ANDS product by week 8.

Conclusions

Individuals with low SES who smoke had lower CPD after switching to EC or ONP. These findings show the potential of ANDS in helping smokers switch to less harmful devices.

Implications

This study provides novel evidence that e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches can be a harm-reduction tool for individuals with lower SES who smoke and are not willing to quit smoking, contributing to reducing tobacco-related disparities in this population.

Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT05327439
Heat-induced SUMOylation differentially affects bacterial effectors in plant cells
Authors: Li Wenliang , Liu Wen , Xu Zewei , Zhu Chengluo , Han Danlu , Liao Jianwei , Li Kun , Tang Xiaoyan , Xie Qi , Yang Chengwei , Lai Jianbin
Published: March 2024

Bacterial pathogens deliver effectors into host cells to suppress immunity. How host cells target these effectors is critical in pathogen–host interactions. SUMOylation, an important type of posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells, plays a critical role in immunity, but its effect on bacterial effectors remains unclear in plant cells. In this study, using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, we found that at least 16 effectors from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 are SUMOylated by the enzyme cascade from Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutation of SUMOylation sites on the effector HopB1 enhances its function in the induction of plant cell death via stability attenuation of a plant receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1)-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1. By contrast, SUMOylation is essential for the function of another effector, HopG1, in the inhibition of mitochondria activity and jasmonic acid signaling. SUMOylation of both HopB1 and HopG1 is increased by heat treatment, and this modification modulates the functions of these 2 effectors in different ways in the regulation of plant survival rates, gene expression, and bacterial infection under high temperatures. Therefore, the current work on the SUMOylation of effectors in plant cells improves our understanding of the function of dynamic protein modifications in plant–pathogen interactions in response to environmental conditions.
Assessment of central nervous system vasculitis in children based on high-resolution vascular wall imaging
Authors: Cao Yimin , Sun Yue , Yi Zexi , Meng Weixin , Zhao Xueying , Feng Xuran , Feng Pingyong , Wang Sicong , Zhang Mingfeng , Zhou Lixia
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Central nervous system vasculitis (CNSV) is a rare disease. High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) enables the identification of inflammatory changes within the vessel wall. Few studies have applied HR-VWI to assess CNSV in children. This study delves into the utility of HR-VWI for diagnosing and treating CNSV in children, with the aim of enhancing clinical diagnosis and efficacy evaluation.

Methods

Imaging data were acquired from children who underwent HR-VWI examinations. The study meticulously analysed clinical data and laboratory tests to discern the characteristics and distribution patterns of diverse vasculitis forms.

Results

In children, CNSV mainly involves medium vessels with grade 1 and 2 stenosis (grade 4 stenosis is rare), and the imaging features generally show centripetal and moderate enhancement, suggesting that this feature is specific for the diagnosis of CNSV. High-grade stenosis, concentric enhancement and strong enhancement of the vasculature indicate more severe disease activity. Remarkably, HR-VWI proved to be significantly more sensitive than magnetic resonance angiography in detecting CNSV. Among the 13 cases subjected to imaging review, 8 demonstrated a reduction or resolution of vessel wall inflammation. In contrast, five patients exhibited worsening inflammation in the vessel wall. HR-VWI demonstrated that changes in vessel wall inflammation were closely correlated with changes in brain parenchymal lesions and symptoms.

Conclusion

This study underscores the diagnostic value of HR-VWI in CNSV assessment and treatment monitoring, offering a quantitative evaluation of CNSV in children.
Carbamazepine transmits immune effect by activation of gut-liver axis and TLR signaling pathway from parental zebrafish to offspring
Authors: Liu Xuan , Liu Fan , Liu Li , Song You , Liu Hongling
Published: March 2024

Carbamazepine (CBZ) has been identified in the aquatic environment as an emerging contaminant. Its immune effect across generations at environmentally relevant concentrations is little known. We aim to elucidate the effects of CBZ on the immune system in zebrafish (Danio rerio), hypothesizing the effects caused by CBZ exposure in the parental generation can be passed on to its offspring, leading to impairment of innate immune function and defense against pathogen weakened. A suite of bioassays (including a test with added lipopolysaccharide) was used to measure the effects of environmentally relevant levels of CBZ (1, 10, and 100 μg/l) on zebrafish at multiple biological levels, and across 2 successive generations (21 days exposure for F0; 5 and 21 days exposure or nonexposure for F1). The results showed that CBZ affected homeostasis in the immune system, caused liver vacuolization, increased the inflammation-related microbiota proportion in gut, and decreased reproduction, by induction of oxidative stress and modulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling pathway on gut-liver axis. The effects of exposure to CBZ over 21 days in F0 could be passed to the next generation. Intergenerational effects on TLR and antioxidant defense system were also observed in nonexposed F1 at 5 days post-fertilization (5 dpf), but diminished at 21 dpf. The finding provided evidence to unravel immune response by gut-liver axis mediated and oxidative stress under 4 test conditions. The study has raised a potential concern about the multigenerational immune effects of environmental pollutants and calls for a focus on the risk of synergetic pathogen infection.
Village Fairness Norms and Land-Rental Markets
Authors: Krah Kwabena , Maertens Annemie , Mhango Wezi , Michelson Hope , Nourani Vesall
Published: March 2024

This paper documents the role of village fairness norms in land markets. A strong and robust relationship is established between experimentally elicited village-level fairness norms and land-rental rates across 250 Malawian villages. Stronger fairness norms correlate with a tighter range in village rental rates. The study suggests that the fairness norms for tenants appear to be more important, constraining the land-rental price range by a price ceiling rather than a price floor. The results further indicate that rented-in fields are of lower agronomic quality than owner-cultivated fields, but do not find any statistically significant relationship between the fairness norms and land-rental activity in the village.
Recent progresses in gut microbiome mediates obstructive sleep apnea‐induced cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Zhang Haifen , Li Shuai , Fang Fan , Yin Yanran , Wang Qiang
Published: March 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifactorial sleep disorder with a high prevalence in the general population. OSA is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly hypertension, and is linked to worse outcomes. Although the correlation between OSA and CVDs is firmly established, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Continuous positive airway pressure is primary treatment for OSA reducing cardiovascular risk effectively, while is limited by inadequate compliance. Moreover, alternative treatments for cardiovascular complications in OSA are currently not available. Recently, there has been considerable attention on the significant correlation between gut microbiome and pathophysiological changes in OSA. Furthermore, gut microbiome has a significant impact on the cardiovascular complications that arise from OSA. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of this association is lacking. This review examines recent advancements to clarify the link between the gut microbiome, OSA, and OSA‐related CVDs, with a specific focus on hypertension, and also explores potential health advantages of adjuvant therapy that targets the gut microbiome in OSA.
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: Update and impact of new nomenclature on the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases practice guidance on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kanwal Fasiha , Neuschwander-Tetri Brent A. , Loomba Rohit , Rinella Mary E.
Published: March 2024

This commentary discusses how clinicians and various stakeholders can utilize the recently published American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (AASLD NAFLD) Practice Guidance in light of the change in the nomenclature to steatotic liver disease and its subcategories. The new terminologies explained in this commentary make it easier for the readers to interchangeably use metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in place of NAFLD and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) instead of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), respectively, as they read the NAFLD Practice Guidance. The guidance document is relevant and can be utilized for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of patients with MASLD. This commentary serves as an accompanying article to the NAFLD Practice Guidance and helps it clinical application in the light of the new nomenclature.
Screening Practices and Late Diagnosis of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy in Asian Patients
Authors: Ahn Seong Joon , Kim Ji Hong
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To investigate the associations between screening practices and late diagnosis in Asian patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.

Methods:

In total, 92 Korean patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy were included and separated into late diagnosis and earlier diagnosis groups according to the retinopathy stage at the time of diagnosis. Details of screening practices regarding timing and modalities for baseline and annual monitoring examinations were compared between the two groups. Adherence to the current American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) guidelines was compared between the two groups.

Results:

Timing of baseline and initial monitoring examinations was appropriate as per the AAO guidelines in only 5.3% of patients with late diagnosis. There were significant differences in the proportions of patients receiving initial monitoring at 5 years of use and those receiving annual monitoring between the late and earlier diagnosis groups (P=0.003 and <0.001, respectively). The duration from the start date of hydroxychloroquine therapy to the first monitoring examination was significantly prolonged in the late diagnosis group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant association of the time duration to the first monitoring exam (P=0.042) and age (P=0.028) with late diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that poor adherence to the AAO guideline, particularly delayed initial monitoring, may be associated with late diagnosis of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.
Biometric description of 34 589 eyes undergoing cataract surgery: sex differences
Authors: Jiménez-García Marta , Segura-Calvo Francisco J. , Puzo Martín , Castro-Alonso Francisco J. ,   on behalf of the UFR-ARCCA Group Zaragoza
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To describe gender differences in the biometric parameters of a large sample of patients with cataract. Cataract surgery has evolved from a vision restoration to a refractive procedure, and population-based studies are vital to optimize normative databases and postsurgical outcomes.

Setting:

Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.

Design:

Retrospective single-center observational study.

Methods:

The study included 34 589 eyes (20 004 patients with cataract). Biometric data were obtained from IOL Master 700 and Pentacam HR. Linear mixed models were used to account for intereye correlation. HofferQST formula was used to calculate the hypothetical distribution of intraocular lens (IOL) power (arbitrary lens; A = 119.2).

Results:

Most biometric variables showed significant differences between sexes (P < .0001), such as 0.53 mm shorter eyes found in females, of which 0.16 mm are explained by shorter aqueous depth. Steeper anterior keratometries (∼0.75 diopter [D]) were found in women, to end up in no difference on anterior astigmatism magnitude, but different orientation (P < .0001). The distribution of IOL power differed between sexes (P < .001), with the interquartile range shifting 1 D toward more powerful lenses in women and odds ratio (power >26 D) = 2.26, P < .0001 (Fisher).

Conclusions:

Large sample size studies provide smaller margin of error, higher power, and controlled risk of reporting false (negative or positive) findings. Highly significant differences between sexes in ocular biometry were found; this supports the idea that including sex as a parameter in IOL calculation should be explored and may improve results. In addition, the distribution of IOL powers was provided, which may be useful for manufacturers and hospital stock planning.
Knowledge mapping of application of image-guided surgery in prostate cancer: a bibliometric analysis (2013–2023)
Authors: Zeng Na , Sun Jian-Xuan , Liu Chen-Qian , Xu Jin-Zhou , An Ye , Xu Meng-Yao , Zhang Si-Han , Zhong Xing-Yu , Ma Si-Yang , He Hao-Dong , Wang Shao-Gang , Xia Qi Dong
Published: March 2024

Background:

Image-guided surgery (IGS) refers to surgery navigated by medical imaging technology, helping doctors better clarify tumor boundaries, identify metastatic lymph nodes and preserve surrounding healthy tissue function. Recent studies have provided expectable momentum of the application of IGS in prostate cancer (PCa). We aim to comprehensively construct a bibliometric analysis of the application of IGS in PCa.

Method:

We searched publications related to application of IGS in PCa from 2013 to 2023 on the web of science core collection (WoSCC) databases. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and R package “bibliometrix” were used for bibliometric analysis.

Results:

2, 389 articles from 75 countries and 2, 883 institutions led by the United States were included. The number of publications related to the application of IGS in PCa kept high in the last decade. Johns Hopkins University is the top research institutions. Journal of Nuclear Medicine has the highest popularity as the selection of journal and co-cited journal. Pomper Martin G. had published the most paper. Ali Afshar-Oromieh was co-cited most frequently. The clinical efficacy of PSMA-PET/CT in PCa diagnosis and treatment are main topics in this research field, with emerging focuses on the use of fluorescence imaging guidance technology in PCa. “PSMA” and “PET/CT” are the main keywords as long-term research hotspots.

Conclusion:

This study is the first bibliometric analysis of researches on application of IGS in PCa with 3 recognized bibliometric software, providing an objective description and comprehensive guidance for the future relevant investigations.
Dissolved Oxygen Relevantly Contributes to Systemic Oxygenation During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
Authors: Müller Michael C. , Wilke Sarah K. , Dobbermann Andrej , Kirsten Sascha , Ruß Martin , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Wollersheim Tobias
Published: March 2024

When determining extracorporeal oxygen transfer (VMLO2) during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) dissolved oxygen is often considered to play a subordinate role due to its poor solubility in blood plasma. This study was designed to assess the impact of dissolved oxygen on systemic oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on VV ECMO support by differentiating between dissolved and hemoglobin-bound extracorporeal oxygen transfer. We calculated both extracorporeal oxygen transfer based on blood gas analysis using the measuring energy expenditure in extracorporeal lung support patients (MEEP) protocol and measured oxygen uptake by the native lung with indirect calorimetry. Over 20% of VMLO2 and over 10% of overall oxygen uptake (VO2 total) were realized as dissolved oxygen. The transfer of dissolved oxygen mainly depended on ECMO blood flow (BFML). In patients with severely impaired lung function dissolved oxygen accounted for up to 28% of VO2 total. A clinically relevant amount of oxygen is transferred as physically dissolved fraction, which therefore needs to be considered when determining membrane lung function, manage ECMO settings or guiding the weaning procedure.
Mucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma—Challenges in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Interpretation
Authors: Stanietzky Nir , Morani Ajaykumar , Surabhi Venkateswar , Jensen Corey , Horvat Natally , Vikram Raghu
Published: March 2024

Mucinous rectal cancer (MRC) is defined by the World Health Organization as an adenocarcinoma with greater than 50% mucin content. Classic teaching suggests that it carries a poorer prognosis than conventional rectal adenocarcinoma. This poorer prognosis is thought to be related to mucin dissecting through tissue planes at a higher rate, thus increasing the stage of disease at presentation. Developments in immunotherapy have bridged much of this prognostic gap in recent years. Magnetic resonance imaging is the leading modality in assessing the locoregional spread of rectal cancer. Mucinous rectal cancer carries unique imaging challenges when using this modality. Much of the difficulty lies in the inherent increased T2-weighted signal of mucin on magnetic resonance imaging. This creates difficulty in differentiating mucin from the adjacent background fat, making the detection of both the primary disease process as well as the locoregional spread challenging. Computed tomography scan can act as a valuable companion modality as mucin tends to be more apparent in the background fat. After therapy, diagnostic challenges remain. Mucin is frequently present, and distinguishing cellular from acellular mucin can be difficult. In this article, we will discuss each of these challenges and present examples of such situations and strategies that can be used to overcome them.
Value of the Air Bronchogram Sign and Other Computed Tomography Findings in the Early Diagnosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Jia-Chang , Sheng Jun , Xue Song , Fang Ming , Huang Juan , Chen Zhong-Zhong , Wang Rui-Kai , Han Mei
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The present study aims to explore the application value of the air bronchogram (AB) sign and other computed tomography (CT) signs in the early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Method

The pathological information and CT images of 130 patients diagnosed with N0 and M0 solitary pulmonary nodules (diameter ≤3 cm) and treated with surgical resection in our hospital between June 2021 and June 2022 were analyzed.

Results

The patients were divided into the benign pulmonary nodule (BPN) group (14 cases), the AIS group (30 cases), the MIA group (10 cases), and the IAC group (76 cases). Among the 116 patients with AIS and LUAD, 96 showed an AB sign. Among the 14 patients with BPN, only 4 patients showed an AB sign. The average CT value and maximum diameter were significantly higher in the IAC group than in the AIS and MIA groups. In the BPN group, 5 patients had an average CT value of >80 HU. Among all LUAD-based groups, there was only 1 patient with a CT value of >60 HU.

Conclusions

The identification of the AB sign based on CT imaging facilitates the differentiation between benign and malignant nodules. The CT value and maximum diameter of pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules increase with the increase of the malignancy degree. The nodule type, CT value, and maximum diameter are useful for predicting the pathological type and prognosis. If the average CT value of pulmonary nodules is >80 HU, LUAD may be excluded.
Rheumatology High Blood Pressure Protocol Reduces Disparities, But Delays Remain for External Primary Care
Authors: Ferguson Sancia , Hanlon Bret M. , Ramly Edmond , Messina Monica L. , Ibrahim Jennifer , Rake Paul , Bartels Christie M.
Published: March 2024

Background/Objective

To address high blood pressure (BP) in rheumatology patients, we previously implemented BP Connect, a brief staff-driven protocol to address high BP. Although timely follow-up and hypertension rates improved for patients with in-system primary care (PC), many receive PC and rheumatology care in separate health systems. In this cohort study, we compared rates of timely PC follow-up for high BP across-system health maintenance organizations (HMOs) before and after BP Connect implementation.

Methods

All adult patients with high rheumatology clinic BP and PC in that HMO were eligible. BP Connect's protocol engaged the staff in remeasuring high BP (≥140/90 mm Hg), advising cardiovascular disease risk, and connecting timely PC follow-up, which for patients with PC across system includes written follow-up instructions. After an eligible rheumatology visit, the next HMO PC visit with BP was used to determine rates and odds of timely follow-up before and after using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Across 1327 rheumatology visits with high BP and across-system PC (2013–2019), 951 occurred after 2015 BP Connect implementation; 400 had confirmed high BP. Primary care follow-up rose from 20.5% to 23.5%. The odds of timely PC BP follow-up insignificantly changed (odds ratio, 1.19; confidence interval, 0.85–1.68). For visits with Black patients, the odds of timely follow-up did significantly increase (1.95; confidence interval, 1.02–3.79).

Conclusions

Timely follow-up for Black patients did improve, highlighting protocol interventions for more equitable health care. In contrast to our prior in-system study, BP Connect did not significantly improve follow-up with an across-system PC, indicating a need for direct scheduling. Future directions include piloting direct across-system scheduling.