bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible-light-induced synthesis of heteroaryl C-glycosides via decarboxylative C–H glycosylation
Authors: Zhang Cuimei , He Dongqin , Ma Zhaohui , Wang Mi , Zhu Yafei , Liu Yan , Chen Jian , Lv Guanghui , Wu Yong
Published: May 2024

A photoredox promoted decarboxylative C–H glycosylation has been developed for the synthesis of heteroaryl C-glycosides.
Smart controlled-release nanopesticides based on metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Jin Xin , Xiao Ruixi , Cao Zejun , Du Xuezhong
Published: May 2024

Recent progress in smart controlled-release nanopesticides based on metal–organic frameworks toward hierarchical targets in response to multidimensional stimuli is highlighted to enhance pesticide efficacy.
The Cu–Al2O3 interface: an unignorable active site for methanol steam reforming hydrogen production
Authors: Mao Qianlong , Gao Zirui , Liu Xiaohui , Guo Yong , Wang Yanqin , Ma Ding
Published: May 2024

Formate species are the crucial intermediates that determine the methanol steam reforming reaction rate. Cu0–Al2O3 interfacial sites greatly promote the decomposition of formate species and methanol steam reforming performance.
Repurposing the antihistamine drug bilastine as an anti-cancer metallic drug entity: synthesis and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of metal-based bilastine and phen [Co(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii)] tailored anticancer chemotherapeutic agents against resistant cancer cells
Authors: Rijwan  , Arjmand Farukh , Tabassum Sartaj
Published: May 2024

New Bilastine derived metal based drugs have been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer potential.
Determination of indium isotopic ratios of geostandards with different matrices by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS)
Authors: Zhu Chuanwei , Wu Yunzhu , Liu Zerui , Zhou Meifu , Yang Guangshu , Zhang Yuxu , Wen Hanjie
Published: May 2024

A new method was developed to separate In from geostandards of different matrices, and In recovery is estimated to 98% ± 2%. We measured In isotope compositions of these standards and found significant In isotopic variations in terrestrial samples.
Zirconium analysis in microscopic spent nuclear fuel samples by resonance ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Raiwa Manuel , Savina Michael , Shulaker Danielle Ziva , Roberts Autumn , Isselhardt Brett
Published: May 2024

A new zirconium resonance ionization scheme reveals shifting isotope ratios in spent nuclear fuel towards the fuel pellets edge.
Observation of cluster spin glass behavior in thermally decomposed nanocrystalline Sn0.5Fe0.5O2−δ
Authors: Saini Aarti , Dhanwant Kisturi , Verma Mukesh , Meena Sher Singh , Bitla Yugandhar , Thirumoorthi Ramalingam
Published: May 2024

We report the structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Sn0.5Fe0.5O2−δ prepared by thermal decomposition of hexameric organotin ferrocenecarboxylate.
A graphene oxide-based sequential nanocatalyst for efficient tumor combination therapy
Authors: Yang Zhenlu , Zhao Ying , Xu Zi , Wang Rongpin , Wang Qing
Published: May 2024

We construct a simple, biocompatible, sequential catalytic nanocatalyst PMO@GO-GOD to realize enhanced chemodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy for combating breast cancers by taking advantage of the peroxidase-like activity of GO.
Mechanochemical synthesis of Zn-bionanohybrids: size effect at the nanoscale to improve their enzyme-like activity
Authors: Garcia-Sanz Carla , Guijarro Laura , Pawlyta Mirosława , Palomo Jose M.
Published: May 2024

Zinc bionanohybrids have been synthesised by a mechanochemical method that involves a size effect at the nano- and microscale levels of the final structure, improving their catalytic properties compared to the counterpart synthesised in water.
Structure and vibrational properties of 1D molecular wires: from graphene to graphdiyne
Authors: De Boni Francesco , Pilot Roberto , Milani Alberto , Ivanovskaya Viktoria V. , Abraham Raichel J. , Casalini Stefano , Pedron Danilo , Casari Carlo S. , Sambi Mauro , Sedona Francesco
Published: May 2024

Graphyne- and graphdiyne-based molecular wires on the Au(111) have been obtained by  on-surface synthesis,  their properties have been studied both in situ (UHV conditions) through STM and XPS and ex situ (in air) through Raman spectroscopy.
Recent progress on nickel phthalocyanine-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Authors: Wu Jian-Hao , Wang Jia-Wei , Aramburu-Trošelj Bruno M. , Niu Fu-Jun , Guo Lie-Jin , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: May 2024

Recent progress on nickel phthalocyanine-based electrocatalysts is reviewed, focusing on their specific strategies, structure–performance relationship and CO2-to-CO reaction mechanism.
An ambipolar PEDOT-perfluorinated porphyrin electropolymer: application as an active material in energy storage systems
Authors: Bermúdez Prieto Elizabeth , González López Edwin J. , Solis Claudia A. , Leon Jaramillo Jhair C. , Macor Lorena P. , Domínguez Rodrigo E. , Palacios Yohana B. , Bongiovanni Abel Silvestre , Durantini Edgardo N. , Otero Luis A. , Gervaldo Miguel A. , Heredia Daniel A.
Published: May 2024

Development of a new n-p polymer based on the electropolymerization of a dual-functional porphyrin-EDOT monomer. The ambipolar polymeric material showed promising pseudocapacitive behavior for energy storage devices.
Adsorptive removal of norfloxacin from aqueous solutions by Fe/Cu CNS-embedded alginate–carboxymethyl cellulose–chitosan beads
Authors: Gopal Geetha , Mukherjee Amitava
Published: May 2024

Schematic representation of NOR adsorption mechanisms by the NBs.
Formation and reactivity of a unique M⋯C–H interaction stabilized by carborane cages
Authors: Liu Xin-Ran , Cui Peng-Fei , García-Rodeja Yago , Solà Miquel , Jin Guo-Xin
Published: May 2024

Broadening carborane applications has consistently been the goal of chemists in this field. Herein, compared to alkyl or aryl groups, a carborane cage demonstrates an advantage in stabilizing a unique bonding interaction: M⋯C–H interaction.
Dual-strategy engineered nickel phosphide for achieving efficient hydrazine-assisted hydrogen production in seawater
Authors: Li Rui-Qing , Guo Songyun , Wang Xiaojun , Wan Xiaoyu , Xie Shuixiang , Liu Yu , Wang Changming , Zhang Guangyu , Cao Jun , Dai Jiamu , Ge Mingzheng , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2024

We developed a dual-strategy of Fe doping and CeO2 decoration to optimize the electronic structure and reaction energy barrier of Ni2P to achieve energy-efficient and chlorine-free hydrogen production by coupling the HER with HzOR in seawater.
Carboxylate ester-based electrolytes for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Qin Yunan , Choi Seong-Gyu , Mason Lucia , Liu Jing , Li Zongjian , Gao Tao
Published: May 2024

Carboxylate is promising solvent type for low-temperature sodium-ion batteries.
Impact of anti-coagulant choice on blood elongational behavior
Authors: Fiscina Jorge Eduardo , Darras Alexis , Attinger Daniel , Wagner Christian
Published: May 2024

Blood's rheological properties impact flow phenomena. This study examines the effects of anticoagulants on human and swine blood elongational properties. Citrate aligned the most with physiological values from untreated human blood droplets.
Percolation of nonequilibrium assemblies of colloidal particles in active chiral liquids
Authors: Kushwaha Pragya , Maity Sayan , Menon Anjaly , Chelakkot Raghunath , Chikkadi Vijayakumar
Published: May 2024

The non-equilibrium assembly of colloidal particles in active liquids is a promising approach to creating novel structures and materials endowed with tunable properties unattainable within the confines of equilibrium systems.
Nanoscale spatial and time-resolved mapping in perovskite and organic solar cells: a multimodal technique to visualize the photoinduced charge dynamics
Authors: Faheem M. Bilal , Zhang Yuchen , Saud Madan Bahadur , Li Hansheng , Kaswekar Poojan Indrajeet , Qiao Quinn
Published: May 2024

This perspective delves into the nanoscale photodynamics mapping of perovskite (PSCs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) using a multimodal approach to enhance photovoltaic performance.
Ruthenium supported on zirconia–carbon nanocomposites derived by using UiO-66 for efficient photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Huiling , Li Qiang , Chen Jing , Jia Hongpeng
Published: May 2024

Ru–ZrO2/C with effective light-to-heat conversion and low-valence Ru achieves 504.1 mmol g−1 h−1 of rate and 98.9% selectivity for photothermal CO2 methanation.
Synergistically coupling CoS/FeS2 heterojunction nanosheets on a MXene via a dual molten salt etching strategy for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Zuliang , Liang Tian , Jin Chulong , Zhang Shuyi , Cui Yuanyuan , Chen Jinxing , Zeng Xiaojun
Published: May 2024

CoS/FeS2 heterojunction nanosheets on a MXene with excellent electrocatalytic OER performance are realized by a dual molten salt etching strategy.
One-step synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers PDMS-b-PEG using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane and subsequent study of encapsulation and release of curcumin
Authors: Camacho-Ramírez Abygail , Meléndez-Zamudio Miguel , Cervantes Jorge , Palestino Gabriela , Guerra-Contreras Antonio
Published: May 2024

We have developed a fast and effective methodology to assemble block polymers with different chemical natures to build micelles for curcumin release.
Theoretical exploration of novel boron–carbon clathrate in Sr(B,C)10 at high pressure
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Cui Yangfan , Zhang Miao , Chen Xin , Wang Hui
Published: May 2024

SrB8C2 is a hard, high-temperature thermoelectric multifunctional material.
Predicting the performance and stability parameters of energetic materials (EMs) using a machine learning-based q-RASPR approach
Authors: Pandey Shubham Kumar , Roy Kunal
Published: May 2024

ML-based q-RASPR provides better predictions than QSPR for the performance and stability parameters of energetic materials (EMs).
Nano-organization of synaptic calcium signaling
Authors: McCarthy Clara I. , Kavalali Ege T.
Published: May 2024

Recent studies suggest an exquisite structural nano-organization within single synapses, where sites of evoked fusion — marked by clustering of synaptic vesicles, active zone proteins and voltage-gated calcium channels — are directly juxtaposed to postsynaptic receptor clusters within nanocolumns. This direct nanometer scale alignment between presynaptic fusion apparatus and postsynaptic receptors is thought to ensure the fidelity of synaptic signaling and possibly allow multiple distinct signals to occur without interference from each other within a single active zone. The functional specificity of this organization is made possible by the inherent nano-organization of calcium signals, where all the different calcium sources such as voltage-gated calcium channels, intracellular stores and store-operated calcium entry have dedicated local targets within their nanodomain to ensure precision of action. Here, we discuss synaptic nano-organization from the perspective of calcium signals, where some of the principal findings from early work in the 1980s continue to inspire current studies that exploit new genetic tools and super-resolution imaging technologies.
The Perspectives of Haitian Parents on Heritage Language Maintenance
Authors: Jocelyn Jessica , Elie Martine , Lucker Jay R. , Harris Ovetta L. H. , Rose Sulare Telford
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The study sought to understand Haitian parents' perspectives on heritage language maintenance with typically developing children.

Method:

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 Haitian parents of typically developing children. A thematic analysis was conducted to determine recurring themes.

Results:

Participants desired to preserve the heritage language; however, factors such as linguistic and class ideologies of Haiti, xenophobia within the United States, and English monolingualism hindered parents' success in maintaining the heritage language.

Conclusion:

The findings from this study demonstrate the need for additional research and resources to help support the Haitian community's desire for heritage language maintenance to promote healthy communication practices, decrease language loss, and foster social communication in the home and community.
A Goal-Writing Framework for Motor-Based Intervention for Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Case Julie , Caspari Susan , Aggarwal Pooja , Stoeckel Ruth
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

There are multiple frameworks for goal writing that are applicable to the practice of speech-language pathology. Motor-based speech disorders are a subset of speech sound disorders that are thought to require specific elements of intervention that are typically not addressed in the traditional frameworks used in the clinical setting. The purpose of this tutorial is to review general approaches of goal writing and suggest additional elements that may be used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of treatment for childhood motor speech disorders, specifically childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).

Method:

Existing models of goal writing were reviewed to ascertain elements common to most of these models. A basic framework was chosen and modified to include behaviors, conditions, and approaches to goal measurement tailored to the clinical needs of children with CAS. A resource for clinical decision making for children with CAS was developed to inform goal writing at the onset of treatment and adaptations that occur over the course of treatment. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how the presented framework can be applied to writing goals for motor-based treatment for two different children with CAS.

Discussion:

Children with CAS require a specialized approach to intervention, which requires goals to reflect the unique clinical needs of this population. This tutorial offers resources that use the best available research evidence and current understanding of effective treatment practices for CAS to guide clinical decision making for motor-based intervention and goal writing. This tutorial is intended to guide treatment planning across varied settings to facilitate progress and optimize treatment outcomes for children with CAS.
A three‐dimensional parabolic equation with fast reordered‐alternate direction decomposition in atmosphere duct environment
Authors: Shuai Liang Shuai , Lei Li , Rui Zhang , Le Ke Lin , Xiao Yang , Chen Li Zhuo
Published: May 2024

In the design and optimisation of marine wireless communication and navigation systems, a thorough investigation of radio wave propagation characteristics under atmospheric ducting conditions is essential. The authors aim to enhance the efficiency of radio wave propagation loss prediction in marine atmospheric ducting environments, proposing a prediction model based on Fast Reordered‐Alternate Direction Decomposition (FR‐ADD). By approximating the diffraction term into three independent components, exploiting the commutative properties of the Fourier transform to reduce the spatial dimensions, and incorporating a rapid algorithm for the parabolic equation, the model optimises the stepping process and significantly improves computational efficiency. Simulation experiments demonstrate that, in the long‐distance and complex marine ducting environments, the model not only maintains prediction accuracy but also substantially reduces computational load and prediction time, effectively realising over‐the‐horizon propagation prediction. In the experiment of radio wave propagation characteristics in the Yellow and Bohai Seas, the simulation data from the FR‐ADD model showed significant correlation with actual measurements and simulations from the AREPS software, confirming the method's efficiency and practicality.
Minimal time sampled-data controls for the ordinary differential system
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Lijuan
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we design a minimal time optimal control problem for an ordinary differential system with sampled-data controls, and use it to approximate a time optimal control problem for the ordinary differential system with distributed controls. We find connections among this problem, a minimal norm sampled-data control problem and a minimization problem, and obtain some properties on these problems. Based on these, we not only build up error estimates for optimal time and optimal controls between the minimal time sampled-data control problem and the minimal time distributed control problem, in terms of the sampling period, but we also prove that such estimates are optimal in some sense.
Nebenwirkungen einer medikamentösen Osteoporosetherapie und
Konsequenzen für die Sequenztherapie: Fokus Arzt-Patient
Kommunikation
Authors: Thomasius Friederike , Siggelkow Heide , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara
Published: May 2024

Osteoporose ist in der Mehrzahl der Fälle eine chronische Erkrankung, die auf
Dauer behandelt werden muss. In der Planung der Osteoporosetherapie steht aus
ärztlicher Sicht die Höhe des Frakturrisikos und das Therapieziel der
Frakturrisikoreduktion im Vordergrund, aus Sicht der zu Behandelnden mindestens
zusätzlich das Nebenwirkungspotential von Therapieansätzen. Beides, die Aspekte
der Therapieeffizienz angesichts eines bestimmten Frakturrisikos und die
potentiellen Nebenwirkungen von Therapieansätzen unter Berücksichtigung der
individuellen Anamnese der Patienten sind deswegen zu kommunizieren. Die
potentiell schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen sind im Gespräch direkt zu
adressieren.
Clinica Dr. Spinedi in Orselina/Locarno – Geschichte und
Gegenwart
Authors: Stange Lars Broder , Malchow Holger
Published: May 2024

Am 1. April 1997 wurde von Dr. Dario Spinedi die homöopathische Praxistätigkeit
(mit der Möglichkeit einer stationären Behandlung) in die damalige „Clinica
Santa Croce“ verlegt. Mit diesem Schritt begann die erfolgreiche und
wechselhafte Geschichte einer klinischen stationären Abteilung, die bis heute in
ihrer therapeutischen Ausrichtung und Erfahrungsbildung durch Behandlung,
praxisnahe Forschung, Unterricht, Supervision und internationale Kooperation in
Europa einzigartig ist.
Aktuelle und zukünftige pharmakologische Therapieoptionen zur
Behandlung der Osteoporose und deren Wirkmechanismen – ein
Überblick
Authors: Fößl Ines , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara
Published: May 2024

Aktuell verfügbaren pharmakologischen Therapien zur Behandlung der Osteoporose
verfolgen entweder einen antiresorptiven oder osteoanabolen Ansatz oder sind
dual wirksam. Antiresorptive Therapien (Bisphosphonate, Denosumab, Östrogene und
selektive Östrogenrezeptormodulatoren (SERMs)) erhöhen die Knochenmasse durch
Hemmung der Knochenresorption. Osteoanabole Therapien (Teriparatid und
Abaloparatid) erhöhen die Knochenmasse durch Stimulierung der Knochenbildung.
Als dual wirksam gilt Romosozumab. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die
aktuellen pharmakologischen Therapieformen bei Osteoporose und ihre
Wirkmechanismen vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden neue Behandlungsansätze
besprochen, wie der Einsatz mesenchymaler Stammzellen (MSCs), Extrazellulärer
Vesikel (EVs), die Blockierung des follikelstimulierenden Hormons (FSH) sowie
eine individuelle Anpassung der Bisphosphonat-Dosis.
Local triamcinolone injection and selective add-on oral steroids to prevent esophageal post-endoscopic submucosal dissection stricture: a retrospective analysis in a Western center
Authors: Carpentier Dorian , Englebert Gael , Otero Sanchez Lukas , Bucalau Ana-Maria , Verset Laurine , Demetter Pieter , Eisendrath Pierre , Devière Jacques , Lemmers Arnaud
Published: May 2024

Background Extensive esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissections (ESDs) without preventive measures carry a high risk of stricture. Oral steroids and local injection of triamcinolone acetonide have proven to be effective in Asia for the prevention of esophageal stricture. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a systematic steroid administration protocol for stricture prevention in a Western center.

Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all esophageal ESDs performed at H.U.B. Erasme Hospital, Brussels between 2016 and 2022. Injection of triamcinolone was performed for mucosal defects between 50% and 89% of the circumference. We added oral corticosteroids for patients with resections of ≥90% of the circumference. The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic stenosis at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included the cumulative stricture rate assessed by endoscopy within 6 months of ESD. Potential risk factors of stricture were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results 111 patients underwent 130 esophageal ESDs, with 59 patients receiving triamcinolone acetonide local injection and eight receiving local and oral corticosteroids. The primary outcome demonstrated a stricture incidence of 8.4%. The cumulative stricture rate assessed by endoscopy within 6 months of ESD was 10.4%. A mucosal defect of ≥60 mm in length was associated with a 15-fold increased risk of stricture, with circumferential extent also identified as being an independent prognostic factor for stricture.

Conclusions Our protocol led to a low stricture rate, even after extensive resection. As a single session treatment without systemic side effects, triamcinolone injection could provide benefits as a preventive method after large esophageal resections.
Ultrasound-Assisted, BF3·OEt2-Promoted, Multicomponent Synthesis of Chromene-Based Podophyllotoxin Analogues
Authors: Laurentiz Rosangela S. , Santos Fernanda A.
Published: May 2024

A novel method was developed to synthesise chromene-lactone analogues of podophyllotoxin using an ultrasound-assisted multicomponent reaction (MCR). The MCR involved tetronic acid, phenols, and aromatic aldehydes and was promoted by BF3·OEt2, resulting in the production of ten derivatives with different substituents on the aromatic rings in yields ranging from 32% to 93%. These compounds are of interest due to their reported activity against tumour cells. Their ease of synthesis through the MCR may allow for more in-depth studies on anticancer activity, as well as investigations of other biological targets. The synthesised derivatives contain important pharmacophoric groups for potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
First Thousand Cases of Intracranial Radiosurgery Treated with Gamma Knife at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Sridhar M.S. , Sarin Arti , Bhatoe H.S. , Pathak Harish C. , Sharma Manish , Gill Maneet , Verma Saurabh K. , Ratan Raj , Chakravarty Nilotpal , Semwal Manoj K.
Published: May 2024

Purpose We present the profile of first 1,000 cases of intracranial radiosurgery (IRS) treated with Gamma Knife system at a government-funded tertiary care hospital in India. In addition to the information on the indications treated, this study provides an idea of the relevance of the Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) for IRS in the fast-changing technological scenario. This study also shows the disease indications for which GKRS was the primary treatment preference.

Materials and Methods Leksell Gamma Knife model 4C was used for GKRS. Leksell G-frame-based stereotactic localization was used for all patients. Axial magnetic resonance imaging scans were used for treatment planning with additional two-dimensional angiography images for patients treated for arteriovenus malformations (AVM). The patient population treated with GKRS at our center mainly comprised of patients referred from across the country.

Results Acoustic schwannoma formed the largest group of patients (27%) followed by meningioma (21%), AVM (18%), pituitary adenoma (16%), brain metastasis (5.3%), trigeminal neuralgia (3%), cavernoma (2.4%), glomus jugulare (1.8%), craniopharyngioma (1.1%) and “others” (5%).

Conclusion The case mix at our center is similar to the overall Indian case mix. However, it is different from the Asian data of 2018 but interestingly similar to the data from Middle East and Africa for 2018. Among the various categories of cranial disorders treated by us, pituitary adenoma tumors had minimum (14/161) and cavernoma tumors had maximum (24/24) proportion of cases managed with GKRS as primary treatment modality.
Rheumatic Diseases Amidst Conflict in Northwest Syria: Unveiling Health Challenges and Implications
Authors: Zakaria Wasim , Ibrahim Yousef
Published: May 2024

Background The ongoing conflict in Syria has significantly affected the health care system, particularly in the realm of rheumatology. The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of rheumatic diseases in the northwestern region of Syria, where the health care infrastructure has been severely impacted.

Methods This was a retrospective study reviewing all patients with rheumatologic conditions seen in internal medicine clinics in northwest Syria between September 2019 and February 2022. Baseline demographic data and diagnoses were collected retrospectively, without any data duplication, from outpatient clinic records. The study also reviewed the availability of investigations and drugs in the northwestern region of Syria.

Results We analyzed data from 488 patients (average age: 37.4; 63% female) diagnosed with rheumatic diseases. The most prevalent condition was connective tissue disorders (25.6%), with osteoarthritis (12.1%) and rheumatoid arthritis (8.2%) following. The ongoing conflict has led to a significant shortage of rheumatologists, with only three serving a population of 5.5 million. Furthermore, the conflict has disrupted the provision and quality of rheumatology diagnostic tests, reducing patient accessibility. The dearth of medications and increased costs have compounded the complexity of health care for those with rheumatic diseases.

Conclusions This study highlights the urgent need for improved health care services and proposes solutions to address gaps in rheumatic care in northwest Syria.
Recent advances in micro-pixel light emitting diode technology
Authors: Park Jeong-Hwan , Pristovsek Markus , Amano Hiroshi , Seong Tae-Yeon
Published: May 2024

Display technology has developed rapidly in recent years, with III–V system-based micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) attracting attention as a means to overcome the physical limitations of current display systems related to their lifetime, brightness, contrast ratio, response time, and pixel size. However, for μLED displays to be successfully commercialized, their technical shortcomings need to be addressed. This review comprehensively discusses important issues associated with μLEDs, including the use of the ABC model for interpreting their behavior, size-dependent degradation mechanisms, methods for improving their efficiency, novel epitaxial structures, the development of red μLEDs, advanced transfer techniques for production, and the detection and repair of defects. Finally, industrial efforts to commercialize μLED displays are summarized. This review thus provides important insights into the potential realization of next-generation display systems based on μLEDs.
Production of sub-micron-sized high-entropy alloy particles and nanoparticles via pulsed laser ablation of CrMnFeCoNi targets in water
Authors: Ninomiya Rintaro , Kim Dasom , Takata Naoki , Lyth Stephen M. , Ishikawa Kazuhiro , Miyajima Yoji
Published: May 2024

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a class of materials known for their unique properties, including high strength, excellent wear resistance, and good corrosion resistance. Sub-micron- and nanosized HEA particles were fabricated via pulsed laser ablation in liquid using a Cantor alloy target. The Cr20Mn20Fe20Co20Ni20 target was immersed in pure water and ablated using a focused nanosecond-pulsed Nd: YAG laser. A dark solution containing HEA particles was obtained which was stable for about one week before agglomeration and precipitation was observed. The diameters of the obtained particles ranged from several tens of nanometers to several hundred nanometers. Increasing the laser power resulted in higher particle concentration and an increase in the intensity of UV-vis absorption spectra. Electron diffraction was used to confirm that the composition of the particles was close to that of the Cantor alloy, although the concentrations of Cr and Mn were slightly deficient. There was also a weak dependence of the composition on laser power, and all the particles also contained oxygen. Selected area electron diffraction revealed that the composition varied spatially within some particles and that they are mainly polycrystalline. This work shows that HEA particles can be quickly, safely, and effectively manufactured using liquid-based laser ablation, opening the pathway for mass manufacture and disruptive applications in, e.g., catalysis or tribology.
Machine learning aided understanding and manipulating thermal transport in amorphous networks
Authors: Zhu Changliang , Luo Tianlin , Li Baowen , Shen Xiangying , Zhu Guimei
Published: May 2024

Thermal transport plays a pivotal role across diverse disciplines, yet the intricate relationship between amorphous network structures and thermal conductance properties remains elusive due to the absence of a reliable and comprehensive network’s dataset to be investigated. In this study, we have created a dataset comprising multiple amorphous network structures of varying sizes, generated through a combination of the node disturbance method and Delaunay triangulation, to fine-tune an initially random network toward both increased and decreased thermal conductance C. The tuning process is guided by the simulated annealing algorithm. Our findings unveil that C is inversely dependent on the normalized average shortest distance Lnorm connecting heat source nodes and sink nodes, which is determined by the network topological structure. Intuitively, the amorphous network with increased C is associated with an increased number of bonds oriented along the thermal transport direction, which shortens the heat transfer distance from the source to sink node. Conversely, thermal transport encounters impedance with an augmented number of bonds oriented perpendicular to the thermal transport direction, which is demonstrated by the increased Lnorm. This relationship can be described by a power law C=Lnormα, applicable to the diverse-sized amorphous networks we have investigated.
Investigation of sheath structure in surface flashover induced by high-power microwave
Authors: Lian Ruhui , Sun Guangyu , Yang Xiong , Zou Fangzheng , You Yuning , Li Yun , Song Falun , Song Baipeng , Zhang Guanjun
Published: May 2024

Flashover is a major limiting factor for the transmission and miniaturization of high-power microwave (HPM) devices. We conducted a study to investigate the developmental process of surface flashover on HPM dielectric windows through particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision simulations. A one-dimensional spatial distribution and three-dimensional velocity distribution model is established, encompassing the entire process of surface flashover, which includes electrode field emission, single-surface multipactor, outgassing, and gas breakdown. The nonuniform mesh generation method is employed to enhance the simulation accuracy. The growth rates of electron and ion densities increase as gas pressure rises. Additionally, the discharge transitions gradually from multipactor to gas ionization dominance. Notably, a space-charge-limited (SCL)-like sheath occasionally forms during an rf cycle near the surface under intermediate background pressure (∼0.05 Torr). The SCL-like sheath cannot exist stably. Instead, it periodically disappears and appears as the rf electric field changes. The underlying physics are explained by the variations of the rf electric field, which lead to the variations in the surface charge density, thereby affecting the normal electric field. The normal electric field interacts with the spatial distribution of charged particles, ultimately leading to the formation of the SCL-like sheath. This work may facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the developmental processes of surface flashover.
Perspective on electrically active defects in β-Ga2O3 from deep-level transient spectroscopy and first-principles calculations
Authors: Langørgen Amanda , Vines Lasse , Kalmann Frodason Ymir
Published: May 2024

The ultra-wide bandgap of gallium oxide provides a rich plethora of electrically active defects. Understanding and controlling such defects is of crucial importance in mature device processing. Deep-level transient spectroscopy is one of the most sensitive techniques for measuring electrically active defects in semiconductors and, hence, a key technique for progress toward gallium oxide-based components, including Schottky barrier diodes and field-effect transistors. However, deep-level transient spectroscopy does not provide chemical or configurational information about the defect signature and must, therefore, be combined with other experimental techniques or theoretical modeling to gain a deeper understanding of the defect physics. Here, we discuss the current status regarding the identification of electrically active defects in beta-phase gallium oxide, as observed by deep-level transient spectroscopy and supported by first-principles defect calculations based on the density functional theory. We also discuss the coordinated use of the experiment and theory as a powerful approach for studying electrically active defects and highlight some of the interesting but challenging issues related to the characterization and control of defects in this fascinating material.
Source rocks of the Birrindudu Basin: perspectives from a new sampling program
Authors: Butcher Grace A. , Grosjean Emmanuelle , Palu Tehani J. , Ranasinghe Padmasiri , Kempton Richard H. , Perera Siyumini
Published: May 2024

The Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Birrindudu Basin is an underexplored frontier basin straddling the Northern Territory and Western Australia, and is a region of focus for the second phase of Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program (2020–2024). Hydrocarbon exploration in the Birrindudu Basin has been limited and a thorough assessment of the basin’s petroleum potential is lacking due to the absence of data in the region. To bridge this data gap, a comprehensive analytical program including organic petrology, programmed pyrolysis and oil fluid inclusion analysis was undertaken on cores from six drill holes to improve the understanding of the basin’s source rock potential and assess petroleum migration. Organic petrological analyses reveal that the primary maceral identified in the cores is alginite mainly originating from filamentous cyanobacteria, while bitumen is the most common unstructured secondary organic matter. New reflectance data based on alginite and bitumen reflectance indicate the sampled sections have reached a thermal maturity suitable for hydrocarbon generation. Oil inclusion analyses provide evidence for oil generation and migration, and hence elements of a petroleum system are present in the basin.
Revisiting the rocks discovers turbidites and a new exploration play in the Penola Trough, Otway Basin, South Australia
Authors: Tiainen Sharon , Kirk Rob , Cubitt Chris , Rady Tim
Published: May 2024

As part of an integrated geological, geochemical, and geophysical study, conventionally cored intervals from the lower-most stratigraphic section of the onshore South Australian part of the Penola Trough, Otway Basin have been reviewed and reinterpreted. Three conventionally cored wells; Bungaloo-1, Jolly-1ST1 and Sawpit-2, were described using a quick-look approach to determine gross lithological and sedimentological information. Seven lithology types were observed: clay-siltstone with horizontal lamination, diamictite (claystone with horizontal lamination and dropstones), clay-siltstone with massive-horizontal lamination, silt-sandstone with horizontal lamination, sandstone with ripple lamination, sandstone with parallel lamination and sandstone with massive bedding ± rip-up clasts. The first two lithologies are interpreted as representing deposition in a cold climate, profundal-lacustrine depositional environment. The first, containing interpreted varves is the most distal and the second, containing dropstones indicates relatively colder freeze/thaw conditions. The last five lithologies are interpreted as lacustrine turbidite depositional environments, specifically Bouma sequences Te, Td, Tc, Tb and Ta, respectively. Seismic facies interpretation has identified canyon-like and mound features and interpreted them as slope-feeder channels and fan/s respectively, at and away from well control. This rock-based turbidite interpretation provides an alternative to the current alluvial channel/crevasse splay/floodplain lake model for reservoir deposition and as such presents a new exploration play. Further the reservoirs’ immediate lateral association with gas/oil-prone source rocks and seals in the clay-rich lithologies potentially provide for stratigraphic trapping in addition to the previously targeted fault-controlled structural traps.
The study on mechanism of water–rock reaction in shale oil formation rich in alkaline minerals in Mahu Sag by using supercritical CO2
Authors: Wang Yamin , Liu Kouqi
Published: May 2024

The Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin, China is rich in alkaline minerals. Generally, the water–rock reactions between hydraulic fluid and alkaline minerals during the hydraulic fracturing process will lead to the precipitation of minerals and block the pore or wellbore, thereby affecting the recovery efficiency. Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) regarded as a fracturing fluid can significantly improve the recovery of shale oil resources, but there is limited research on the reaction of ScCO2 to water and rock in shale samples rich in alkaline minerals. Therefore, ScCO2 treatment experiments were conducted on shale samples rich in alkaline minerals under 80°C and 10 MPa. Before the experiments, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was applied to characterise the mineral properties of the three shale samples. In addition, the duration time of ScCO2 treatment was set at 7 and 20 days to observe the treatment time impacts on the pore structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and the Mann–Whitney U test were conducted before and after ScCO2 treatment. SEM images show the changes in pore structure. Opening pores are observed due to the interaction between the alkaline mineral and ScCO2. The Mann–Whitney U test shows the changes in fracture toughness. The changes in pore structure also play an important role in fracture toughness. This study investigated the ScCO2 impacts on shale samples rich in alkaline minerals and the analysis of changes in pore structure and fracture toughness can provide theoretical and data evidence to enable on-site optimisation of the ScCO2 fracturing scheme.
Defining the geomechanical operating limits for subsurface CO2 storage
Authors: Holford Simon , Rajabi Mojtaba , Mildren Scott , King Rosalind , Bailey Adam
Published: May 2024

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a critical component of proposed pathways to limit global warming, though considerable upscaling is required to meet emissions reduction targets. Quantifying and managing the risks of fault reactivation is a leading barrier to scaling global CCS projects from current levels of ~40 million tonnes of carbon dioxide(CO2) per year (to target levels of several gigatonnes of CO2 per year), because CO2 injection into reservoirs can result in increased pore-fluid pressure and temperature changes, which can reduce the strength of rocks and faults and induce brittle failure. This can result in induced seismicity, whilst hydraulic fracturing of seals could provide pathways for CO2 leakage. Consequently, identifying favourable geomechanical conditions (typically determined through data on pre-injection rock stress, mechanical and elastic properties, and pore-fluid pressures) to minimise deformation of reservoirs and seals represents a key challenge in the selection of safe and effective sites for CCS projects. Critically, however, such geomechanical data are typically spatially limited (i.e. restricted to wells) and mainly consist of pre-injection crustal stress orientation measurements, rather than a full 3D description of the stress tensor and related geomechanical properties. This paper reviews some key geomechanical issues and knowledge gaps (particularly those associated with data availability and limitations) that need to be understood to enable successful reservoir and seal management for CCS projects. We also highlight recent advances in multi-scale and dimensional geomechanical modelling approaches that can be used to assess sites for the secure storage of CO2 as well as other gases, including hydrogen.
Commercialising carbon capture and storage – how much does regulatory certainty truly matter?
Authors: Mahapatra Polly , Creswell Rob
Published: May 2024

With carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) technology advancement reaching a point of scalability, there is a desperate need for global regulatory and legislative frameworks to support large-scale commercialisation. With various economies at differing stages of updating their policy and regulatory frameworks, the impact on investment into large-scale CCUS projects is an area worth interrogating to understand whether regulatory certainty has material impact on viability of a CCUS project, or whether the bulk of the project economics are still driven by traditional cost components. This paper seeks to undertake a literature review of current regulatory and policy frameworks such as the US Inflation Reduction Act 2022 and Australia’s Safeguard Mechanism to undertake a relative comparison of the two leading regulatory policies on large-scale carbon capture and storage. This paper will also undertake a comparison of a theoretical large-scale carbon capture and storage project subject to each type of regulatory condition to estimate the potential impact on project viability in each scenario. The aim of the paper is to understand the magnitude of impact that regulatory policies can have on commercialisation of a large-scale CCUS project.
Emissions reduction in LNG production facilities through emerging post-combustion carbon capture and storage technologies
Authors: Kearns David T.
Published: May 2024

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector relies extensively on gas turbines for on-site power generation and to drive refrigeration compressors. They provide an efficient and reliable energy source for LNG operations in remote locations. With upcoming changes to the Safeguard Mechanism in Australia, there is an increased focus on Scope 1 emissions, so management and targeted reduction are a priority to reduce liabilities. Despite technology advancements, gas turbines remain one of the largest sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in LNG production facilities. Also, in Australia, many facilities are not grid-connected, meaning that displacement of Scope 1 emissions through renewable electricity sourcing is a challenge. To develop deeper cuts in Scope 1 emissions, one solution is to deploy post-combustion carbon capture and storage (CCS) on existing gas turbines, with the potential to reduce associated emissions by over 90%. Globally, a number of LNG facilities are already deploying CCS to permanently store reservoir CO2 from the LNG processing trains. Several Australian LNG facilities are located in close proximity to potential CO2 storage reservoirs, meaning that a coordinated approach to both reservoir and post-combustion CO2 should be considered when sizing pipelines, shipping systems and storage wells to optimise and leverage the required investment. This paper outlines the technological, economic and policy aspects of integrating both reservoir post-combustion CCS on LNG facilities, including barriers and opportunities for deployment. It will discuss new developments and enablers for CCS to be more widely deployed at LNG production sites.
Prioritising mental health: a focus on energy sector fabrication workforce
Authors: Das Suvadip , Hyland Mat , Macedo Vanessa
Published: May 2024

INPEX and McDermott have teamed up to implement an impactful mental health campaign, in Batam, Indonesia – at the project fabrication site for the INPEX-operated Ichthys LNG energy development. This campaign forms part of a larger program known as ‘Five Star HSSE Program’. Anchored as one of its five key pillars, the mental health element of the program is being championed by senior leadership from both organisations. While mental health awareness is already broadly addressed at the project’s headquarters in Australia, the program’s primary focus has been at the project fabrication site – McDermott’s Batam Fabrication Yard. The program aims to support the mental health and well-being of all yard employees, taking into consideration that statistically construction workers tend to be more susceptible to mental stress.
Bayesian inversion of tilt data using a machine-learned surrogate model for pressurised fractures
Authors: Salimzadeh Saeed , Kasperczyk Dane , Kadeethum Teeratorn
Published: May 2024

We introduce an innovative inversion approach for deducing subsurface fractures through observations of ground surface tilt. We have constructed, evaluated, and applied a surrogate forward model, crafted using conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN), to forecast the tilts (displacement gradients) at the ground surface caused by subsurface fractures under pressure. Our findings indicate that this surrogate forward model accurately estimates the tilt vector at the surface resulting from the specified pressurised fracture. Even in complex scenarios involving multiple fractures at various depths, the model, which was initially trained on scenarios with single fractures at a fixed depth, performed well. Subsequently, we employed a Bayesian inversion algorithm to derive the optimised solution (the pressurised fracture) for a given set of surface tilt data, leveraging the surrogate forward model. The outcomes demonstrate that the inversion process with the surrogate model is both effective and significantly faster compared to the traditional finite element model that generated the training data.
Maximising opportunities from integration of decommissioning and offshore wind activities
Authors: Taylor Andrew
Published: May 2024

The marine nature of both oil and gas decommissioning and offshore wind development creates clear opportunities for efficiencies between the two sectors. As explored by this paper, decommissioning will benefit from upgrades to port facilities for offshore wind, offshore wind will benefit from access to vessels servicing decommissioning activities over long periods of time, and both industries can collaborate to establish long-term career paths for local communities.
Geomechanical risk assessment of injection test for a carbon storage site appraisal, offshore Northern Territory
Authors: Asadi Sadegh , Khaksar Abbas , White Adrian , Coelho Guil , Rahmanseresht Raed
Published: May 2024

A geomechanical study has been conducted to assess the risk of formation fracturing and sanding during a water injection test. Considering the temperature difference between the storage formation and the injection fluid, the cooling effects could lead to a reduction of almost 15% in fracture initiation pressure (FIP). Notably, the FIP for perforations aligned with the maximum horizontal stress direction are lower than the minimum horizontal stress. While injection pressures surpassing FIP might trigger tensile fracturing in specific perforations, fracture propagation from the wellbore remains unlikely if the injection pressure remains below the field’s minimum horizontal stress. The pressure requirements for current envisaged matrix injection rates fall below the estimated FIPs. Consequently, the risk of formation fracturing during the injection test is deemed low. The propensity of sanding during flowback, considering a range of rock weakening and thermal effects of water injection, is also found to be low.