bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Printing Flexible and Wearable Sensing Electronics for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Khan Saleem , Ali Shawkat , Bermak Amine
Published: March 2019

Wearable biosensors attract significant interest for their capabilities in real-time monitoring of wearers’ health status, as well as the surrounding environment. Sensor patches are embedded onto the human epidermis accompanied by data readout and signal conditioning circuits with wireless communication modules for transmitting data to the computing devices. Wearable sensors designed for recognition of various biomarkers in human epidermis fluids, such as glucose, lactate, pH, cholesterol, etc., as well as physiological indicators, i.e., pulse rate, temperature, breath rate, respiration, alcohol, activity monitoring, etc., have potential applications both in medical diagnostics and fitness monitoring. The rapid developments in solution-based nanomaterials offered a promising perspective to the field of wearable sensors by enabling their cost-efficient manufacturing through printing on a wide range of flexible polymeric substrates. This review highlights the latest key developments made in the field of wearable sensors involving advanced nanomaterials, manufacturing processes, substrates, sensor type, sensing mechanism, and readout circuits, and ends with challenges in the future scope of the field. Sensors are categorized as biological and fluidic, mounted directly on the human body, or physiological, integrated onto wearable substrates/gadgets separately for monitoring of human-body-related analytes, as well as external stimuli. Special focus is given to printable materials and sensors, which are key enablers for wearable electronics.
Bond-Slip Monitoring of Concrete Structures Using Smart Sensors—A Review
Authors: Huo Linsheng , Cheng Hao , Kong Qingzhao , Chen Xuemin
Published: March 2019

Concrete structures with various reinforcements, such as steel bars, composite material tendons, and recently steel plates, are commonly used in civil infrastructures. When an external force overcomes the strength of the bond between the reinforcement and the concrete, bond-slip will occur, resulting in a relative displacement between the reinforcing materials and the concrete. Monitoring bond health plays an important role in guaranteeing structural safety. Recently, researchers have recognized the importance of bond-slip monitoring and performed many related investigations. In this paper, a state-of-the-art review on various smart sensors based on piezoelectric effect and fiber optic technology, as well as corresponding techniques for bond-slip monitoring is presented. Since piezoelectric sensors and fiber-optic sensors are widely used in bond-slip monitoring, their principles and relevant monitoring methods are also introduced in this paper. Particularly, the piezoelectric-based bond-slip monitoring methods including the active sensing method, the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method and the passive sensing using acoustic emission (AE) method, and the fiber-optic-based bond-slip detecting approaches including the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and the distributed fiber optic sensing are highlighted. This paper provides guidance for practical applications and future development of bond-slip monitoring.
An Energy-Efficient Slotted Sense Multiple Access Broadcast Protocol for Reliable Command Delivery in Dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yoo Dae-Seung , Ta Van Khoe , Jang Byung-Tae , Oh Hoon
Published: March 2019

In industrial monitoring and control applications, a server often has to send a command to a node or group of nodes in wireless sensor networks. Flooding achieves high reliability of message delivery by allowing nodes to take the redundancy of receiving the identical message multiple times. However, nodes consume much energy due to this redundancy and the long duty cycle. A reliable slotted broadcast protocol (RSBP) tackles this problem by allocating a distinct broadcast slot (BS) to every node using a tree topology. Not only does it remove collision, but it also minimizes energy consumption such that every node remains active only during its parent’s broadcast slot and its own broadcast slot to receive and rebroadcast a message, respectively. However, it suffers from low reliability in harsh environments due to the compete removal of redundancy and low responsiveness to the changes in network topology due to the global scheduling of slots. Our approach allocates one distinct broadcast sharable slot (BSS) to each tree level, thus making a BSS schedule topology-independent. Then, nodes at the same level compete to rebroadcast a message to nodes at one level higher within the BSS, thus allowing the redundancy. In addition, it uses a slot-scheduled transmission within BSS that can further improve reliability by reducing message collisions and also enables the precise management of energy. According to simulations and experiments, the proposed approach can achieve high reliability comparable to flooding and low-energy consumption comparable to RSBP.
The Industrial Linkages and Supply Effects of the U.S. R&D Sector: Comparison with OECD Countries
Authors: Oh Juhyun , Suh Dong
Published: March 2019

The industrial linkages and supply effects of the U.S. Research and Development (R&D) sector are examined using the input-output approach. Although the U.S. has the highest R&D intensity among major OECD countries, the U.S. R&D sector has relatively low backward and forward linkages to other industrial sectors. Moreover, the supply investment effect of the U.S. R&D sector is the least, showing that the sector is not likely to stimulate the production of the other sectors. The supply shortage effect of the U.S. R&D sector is also the least among the countries. The findings in this study imply that improving the linkages and supply effects of the R&D sector may be more important than increasing only the amount of R&D expenditure in the U.S.
The Study of the Impact of Carbon Finance Effect on Carbon Emissions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region—Based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Li Li , Liu Di , Hou Jian , Xu Dandan , Chao Wenbo
Published: March 2019

The negative effects of global warming are becoming more and more serious. The fundamental way to prevent global warming is by reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Achieving this has become a key concern for all countries. The logarithmic mean divisia index model was constructed to decompose the total carbon emission increment. Carbon finance effect was divided into green credit effect and carbon trading effect to analyze the impact of carbon finance on carbon emissions. The results showed that the total carbon emission reduction value caused by green credit effect from 2010 to 2016 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 66193.96 million tons, and the added value of carbon emission caused by carbon trading effect was 80266.68 million tons. There are regional differences in the effects of carbon finance on carbon emissions in these regions. It can be concluded that to a certain extent, green credit can reduce carbon emissions, and carbon trading can increase carbon emissions. Using the gradual expansion of carbon finance trading and market mechanism of carbon finance to solve the problem of carbon emission can improve the efficiency of carbon emission reduction.
Context–Problem Network and Quantitative Method of Patent Analysis: A Case Study of Wireless Energy Transmission Technology
Authors: Ree Jason Jihoon , Jeong Cheolhyun , Park Hyunseok , Kim Kwangsoo
Published: March 2019

Identification of prevalent problems is an important process of strategic innovation for stakeholders of trending technologies. This paper proposes a systematic and replicable method of patent analysis to identify problems to be solved requisite for sustainable technology planning and development, by implementing the concept of ‘context’ to facilitate problem identification. The main concept of the method entails the importance of the connections between contextual information and problems to provide more focused, relevant, and constructive insights essential for instating goals for research and development activities. These context–problem entities and their entwined connections are discovered using keyword pattern matching, grammar-based text mining, and co-word analysis techniques. The intermediary outputs are then utilized to generate the proposed context–problem network (CP net) for social network, grammar, and quantitative data analysis. For verification, our method was applied to 737 patents in the wireless energy transmission technology domain, successfully yielding CP net data. The detailed analysis of the resulting CP net data delivered meaningful information in the wireless charging technology field: The main contexts, “batteries”, “power transmission coils”, and “cores”, are found to be most relevant to the main problems, “maximizing coupling efficiency”, “minimizing DC signal components”, and “charging batteries”. The results provide a wide range of informative perspectives for individuals, the scientific community, corporate, and market-level stakeholders. Furthermore, the method of this study can be applicable to various technologies since it is independent of specific subject domains. Future research directions aim to improve this method for better quality and modeling of contexts and problems.
Soil and Crop Management Strategies to Ensure Higher Crop Productivity within Sustainable Environments
Authors: Shah Farooq , Wu Wei
Published: March 2019

The rising population and reduction in the amount of land and some other resources have created tremendous pressure on current agricultural producers to meet the increasing food demands. To cope with this challenge, certain key inputs, such as fertilizers and other chemicals, are overused, which are worsening the surroundings. This intensive agricultural production without adherence to ecological sustainability has led to declining soil health, land degradation, and severe environmental problems. So, future efforts to feed the growing population should aim for greater agricultural production within sustainable environments. In this regard, innovative steps are needed, as business-as-usual policies lack the potential to cope with these challenges. The concept of agricultural sustainability and various soil and crop management strategies (SCMS) that have been designed to optimize crop yield under sustainable environmental conditions are discussed, including nutrient management, site specific nutrient management (SSNM), integrated nutrient management (INM), integrated soil fertility management (ISFM), integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM), ridge-furrow mulching systems (RFMS), sustainable water management (SWM), conservation agriculture (CA), sustainable land management (SLM), vertical/sky farming, and integrated crop management, and breeding strategies as well as other approaches combined with technological and behavioural changes. The present review suggests that a sustainable production system can be developed by combining the multifaceted efforts under SCMS practices with short- and long-term preventive measures. Reducing chemicals’ usage, such as that of fertilizers and pesticides, plus improvements in the crop input use efficiency could minimize greenhouse gases emissions while protecting the environment. Sustainable agriculture holds promise for humankind and the planet Earth, and it can be successful if all developed and developing nations stand together to seek ‘our common future’ to produce more food while generating less environmental pressure.
Quantitative Research on Global Terrorist Attacks and Terrorist Attack Classification
Authors: Hu Xueli , Lai Fujun , Chen Gufan , Zou Rongcheng , Feng Qingxiang
Published: March 2019

Terrorist attacks are events which hinder the development of a region. Before the terrorist attacks, we need to conduct a graded evaluation of the terrorist attacks. After getting the level of terrorist attacks, we can fight terrorist organizations more effectively. This paper builds rating models for terrorist attacks, hidden or emerging terrorist organization classification discovery models, terrorist organization alliance network models and more, through quantitative research of the Global Terrorism Database, which solved the event classification. Through studying relevant literature and the variables of the Global Terrorism Database, this paper sorted out 25 observation variables related to the impact level (level of harm) of terrorist attacks. By establishing a mathematical model of factor analysis, 11 factors related to the impact level (level of harm) of terrorist attacks were constructed, and the variance of the contribution of each factor was used as the weight to calculate the comprehensive rate of the impact level of each terrorist attack. Finally, K-means clustering method is used to cluster and analyze the comprehensive rate of impact level, and the top 10 terrorist attacks with the highest impact level in the past two decades were obtained.
A Nonparametric HEWMA-p Control Chart for Variance in Monitoring Processes
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Rao G. Srinivasa , AL-Marshadi Ali Hussein , Jun Chi-Hyuck
Published: March 2019

Control charts are considered as powerful tools in detecting any shift in a process. Usually, the Shewhart control chart is used when data follows the symmetrical property of a normal distribution. In practice, the data from the industry may follow a non-symmetrical distribution or an unknown distribution. The average run length (ARL) is a significant measure to assess the performance of the control chart. The ARL may mislead when the statistic is computed from an asymmetric distribution. To handle this issue, in this paper, an ARL-unbiased hybrid exponentially weighted moving average proportion (HEWMA-p) chart is proposed for monitoring the process variance for a non-normal distribution or an unknown distribution. The efficiency of the proposed chart is compared with the existing chart in terms of ARLs. The proposed chart is more efficient than the existing chart in terms of ARLs. A real example is given for the illustration of the proposed chart in the industry.
Quercetin Inhibits the Proliferation and Aflatoxins Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Li Xiu-Mei , Li Zhong-Yuan , Wang Ya-Dong , Wang Jin-Quan , Yang Pei-Long
Published: March 2019

In this work of quercetin’s anti-proliferation action on A. flavus, we revealed that quercetin can effectively hamper the proliferation of A. flavus in dose-effect and time-effect relationships. We tested whether quercetin induced apoptosis in A. flavus via various detection methods, such as phosphatidylserine externalization and Hoechst 33342 staining. The results showed that quercetin had no effect on phosphatidylserine externalization and cell nucleus in A. flavus. Simultaneously, quercetin reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the A. flavus response to quercetin, the RNA-Seq was used to explore the transcriptomic profiles of A. flavus. According to transcriptome sequencing data, quercetin inhibits the proliferation and aflatoxin biosynthesis by regulating the expression of development-related genes and aflatoxin production-related genes. These results will provide some theoretical basis for quercetin as an anti-mildew agent resource.
Inhibitory Effect of Metalloproteinase Inhibitors on Skin Cell Inflammation Induced by Jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai Nematocyst Venom
Authors: Li Aoyu , Yu Huahua , Li Rongfeng , Liu Song , Xing Ronge , Li Pengcheng
Published: March 2019

Jellyfish envenomations result in extensive dermatological symptoms, clinically named as jellyfish dermatitis, which can seriously affect the daily activities and physical health of people. Inflammatory response accompanies the whole process of jellyfish dermatitis and the complexity of jellyfish venom components makes it difficult to treat jellyfish dermatitis symptoms effectively. Moreover, inhibiting inflammation is essential for the treatment of jellyfish stings and exploring the main components of jellyfish venom that cause inflammation is an urgent research area. In this study, the inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors for venom-induced inflammation were explored at a cellular level. The expression of the three inflammatory factors, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in two skin cell lines, human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and human embryonic skin fibroblasts cells (CCC-ESF-1), at the cellular level, after treatment with the inhibitors of jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai (N. nomurai) nematocyst venom (NnNV-I), were determined. The results showed that inhibitors of MMP can significantly reduce the toxic effects of jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai nematocyst venom (NnNV) to skin cells. The expression levels of the three inflammatory factors IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in the cells were also significantly decreased, indicating that MMPs in jellyfish venom are probably vital factors leading to jellyfish dermatitis. This study is beneficial in the prevention and treatment of jellyfish stings.
Natural Attenuation of Mn(II) in Metal Refinery Wastewater: Microbial Community Structure Analysis and Isolation of a New Mn(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SK3
Authors: Kitjanukit Santisak , Takamatsu Kyohei , Okibe Naoko
Published: March 2019

Natural attenuation of Mn(II) was observed inside the metal refinery wastewater pipeline, accompanying dark brown-colored mineralization (mostly MnIVO2 with some MnIII2O3 and Fe2O3) on the inner pipe surface. The Mn-deposit hosted the bacterial community comprised of Hyphomicrobium sp. (22.1%), Magnetospirillum sp. (3.2%), Geobacter sp. (0.3%), Bacillus sp. (0.18%), Pseudomonas sp. (0.03%), and non-metal-metabolizing bacteria (74.2%). Culture enrichment of the Mn-deposit led to the isolation of a new heterotrophic Mn(II)-oxidizer Pseudomonas sp. SK3, with its closest relative Ps. resinovorans (with 98.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity), which was previously unknown as an Mn(II)-oxidizer. Oxidation of up to 100 mg/L Mn(II) was readily initiated and completed by isolate SK3, even in the presence of high contents of MgSO4 (a typical solute in metal refinery wastewaters). Additional Cu(II) facilitated Mn(II) oxidation by isolate SK3 (implying the involvement of multicopper oxidase enzyme), allowing a 2-fold greater Mn removal rate, compared to the well-studied Mn(II)-oxidizer Ps. putida MnB1. Poorly crystalline biogenic birnessite was formed by isolate SK3 via one-electron transfer oxidation, gradually raising the Mn AOS (average oxidation state) to 3.80 in 72 h. Together with its efficient in vitro Mn(II) oxidation behavior, a high Mn AOS level of 3.75 was observed with the pipeline Mn-deposit sample collected in situ. The overall results, including the microbial community structure analysis of the pipeline sample, suggest that the natural Mn(II) attenuation phenomenon was characterized by robust in situ activity of Mn(II) oxidizers (including strain SK3) for continuous generation of Mn(IV). This likely synergistically facilitated chemical Mn(II)/Mn(IV) synproportionation for effective Mn removal in the complex ecosystem established in this artificial pipeline structure. The potential utility of isolate SK3 is illustrated for further industrial application in metal refinery wastewater treatment processes.
How Salt Lake City and Its Rival Bidders Campaigned for the 2002 Olympic Winter Games
Authors: HÖRTE S.Å.  , Persson C.
Published: March 2019

Using an archive study and a survey, the authors have examined how the bid committees of the four finalist cities formulated and communicated their bids for selection as hosts to the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. The aim was to identify the bidders' views regarding the appropriateness of the messages and messengers chosen, the other actors involved, and the channels of communication selected in order to win. The response from the winner, Salt Lake City, indicated that messages with little or nothing to do with the organizing of the Olympic Winter Games were of almost equal importance to those describing the implementation of the proposed Games. Compared to the other bidders, Salt Lake City considered the nonverbal components consisting of messengers, other actors, and channels to be far more influential on the choices made by IOC members. Only one representative of a bidding committee thought that it was very important to the IOC members that the candidate cities followed the IOC's bidding rules.
Why Standardization of Festival Marketing Might be a Cheesy Affair
Authors: Saayman Melville , Saayman Andrea
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this article is to segment visitors to a cheese festival to identify more appropriate marketing strategies. Segmentation can be based on various characteristics of consumers. One characteristic that has become popular over the last number of years is expenditure-based
segmentation, which is an attempt to address issues of festival sustainability. Although this article falls in this cluster, we do not focus on the total spending of festival attendees like most research employing expenditure-based segmentation; we rather focus on the spending of attendees
on the main theme of the festival, namely on cheese. Six hundred structured questionnaires were administered at the South African Cheese Festival that was held in the Western Cape during April 2015. Methods used in the analysis include factor analysis and cluster analysis. The main findings
are that three clusters were identified with their own unique marketing mix and the clusters can be used as a taxonomy of visitors to this festival, namely mild cheese explorers, mature cheese families, and vintage cheese loyalists. This research has also revealed distinct motives
for attending a cheese festival that were not found in previous research. Lastly, this approach is very useful in differentiating markets. This is the first time that cheese festival attendees' cheese expenditure and behavior have been used as segmentation basis and the research thus makes
a contribution to literature and practice that strive to gain better insight into cheese tourism.
Evaluating Burden and Quality of Life among Caregivers of Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Kang Augustine , Yu Zhenli , Foo Marjorie , Chan Choong Meng , Griva Konstadina
Published: March 2019

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is advocated as treatment of choice for most end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, including elderly and frail patients. It typically requires caregiver involvement to support care at home. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in burden and quality of life (QOL) in caregivers of prevalent PD patients over 12 months. Data were collected in 44 caregivers of PD patients (mean age 38.4 ± 6.3 years; 60% female) in Singapore at baseline and 12 months. Measures included demographics, the Lay Care-Giving for Adults Receiving Dialysis (LC-GAD), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). Paired t-tests indicate a significant decrease in task-related aspects of caregiving ( p = 0.04), particularly in relation to personal hygiene ( p < 0.01), over time. Cognitive aspects of caregiving remained unchanged. Perceived burden, however, significantly increased ( p < 0.01), with significantly more caregivers reporting moderate to severe caregiver burden at follow-up (28%) relative to baseline (13%; p < 0.01). There was a significant reduction in psychological health (under WHOQOL) ( p = 0.01). Study findings indicate an increase in caregiver burden and a reduction in psychological health despite a reduction in task-related aspects of caregiving, supporting a further exploration of the “wear-and-tear” hypothesis among this population. Intervention strategies are needed.
Exserohilum Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis in Northern China: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Yan , Gong Wenjing , Yu Yanming , Jiang Lihua
Published: March 2019

Fungal peritonitis is a catastrophic complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and often requires termination of PD. It is usually caused by Candida species. Here we report a rare case of Exserohilum peritonitis. The patient was successfully treated with catheter removal and anti-fungal therapy.
Design, synthesis and spectroscopic properties of crown ether-capped dibenzotetraaza[14]annulenes
Authors: Zwoliński Krzysztof Miroslaw , Eilmes Julita
Published: March 2019

The first crown ether-capped dibenzotetraaza[14]annulenes (DBTAAs), featuring two macrocyclic binding sites fixed in a face-to-face orientation, were synthesized in satisfactory 26–28% isolated yields. Direct N-alkylation of 1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane by symmetric DBTAA derivatives bearing bromoalkoxy pendants proceed smoothly at a reasonable level of dilution (1.25 mM). The structures were fully characterized by HR-ESIMS, FTIR-ATR,1H and13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Catalyst-free assembly of giant tris(heteroaryl)methanes: synthesis of novel pharmacophoric triads and model sterically crowded tris(heteroaryl/aryl)methyl cation salts
Authors: Abonia Rodrigo , Gutiérrez Luisa F , Insuasty Braulio , Quiroga Jairo , Laali Kenneth K , Zhao Chunqing , Borosky Gabriela L , Horwitz Samantha M , Bunge Scott D
Published: March 2019

A series of giant tris(heteroaryl)methanes are easily assembled by one-pot three-component synthesis by simple reflux in ethanol without catalyst or additives. Diversely substituted indoles (Ar1) react with quinoline aldehydes, quinolone aldehydes, chromone aldehydes, and fluorene aldehydes (Ar2CHO) and coumarins (Ar3) in 1:1:1 ratio to form the corresponding tris(heteroaryl)methanes (Ar1Ar2Ar3)CH along with (Ar1Ar1Ar2)CH triads. A series of new 2:1 triads were also synthesized by coupling substituted indoles with Ar2CHO. The coupling reactions could also be carried out in water (at circa 80 °C) but with chemoselectivity favoring (Ar1Ar1Ar2)CH over (Ar1Ar2Ar3)CH. The molecular structure of a representative (Ar1Ar2Ar3)CH triad was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Model tris(heteroaryl/aryl)methylium salts were generated by reaction with DDQ/HPF6 and studied by NMR and by DFT and GIAO-DFT.
PRESTRESS AND STRENGTH OF THE THREADED JOINTS M16 UNDER LOW CYCLIC BENDING/SRIEGINIŲ JUNGČIŲ M16 ĮVERŽIMAS IR ATSPARUMAS MAŽACIKLIAM LENKIMUI
Authors: Krenevičius Algimantas , Leonavičius Mindaugas
Published: March 2019

The article provides experimental data of fracture resistance of threaded joints under low cycle bending. The tests have been carried out at normal and higher temperatures up to 320°C.

Experimental examinations have shown that in some cases total of stretching and bending stress reach a plastic range and penetrate to a certain depth. A further repeated load has an influence on the strength and liability of connections. Decomposition, associated with the process of inelastic deformation, can be local or general one. The inelastic deformations cause in the threaded joints progressive geometrical changes, redistribution of stretching efforts and decreasing of prestress. By slackening the stretch of jointing elements the leak-proofness can be broken in the process of cyclic deformation.

Experimental studies have shown that the appearance and propagation of cracks have specific features which are characteristic only of threaded joints. It may be one-sided or two-sided crack caused by the acting of stretching force an variable bending moment of symmetric cycle.

The investigation of threaded joint loosening mechanisms shows that this process depends of the prestress and crack propagation. When static and cyclic stress acquires definite values and relations, loss of stability of the axial dimensions of the joints as well as the decrease of the prestress can be observed.
LITHUANIAN GRAVEL ROADS AND FEASIBILITY OF THEIR PAVING/LIETUVOS ŽVYRKELIAI IR JŲ ASFALTAVIMO TIKSLINGUMAS
Authors: Sakalauskas Kazys , Skrinskas Skirmantas
Published: March 2019

Straipsnyje pateikiami ir analizuojami Lietuvos žvyrkelių techninės būkles tyrimų rezultatai. Moksliškai pagrindžiamas dangos lygumo—svarbiausio žvyrkeliij būklės techninio bei ekonominio rodiklio—taikymas žvyrkelių asfaltavimo ekonominiam tikslingumui vertinti. Asfaltinės dangos įrengimo tikslingumui nustatyti žvyrkeliuose buvo atlikti eismo stebėjimai, kelio pločio, žvyro dangos sluoksnio storio, žvyro misinio granuliometrinės sudėties, molio, dulkių ir dumblo kiekio, vandens nuleidimo sistemos įrenginiq, kelio sankasos buklės, reikalingo sustojimo matomumo bei dangos lygumo tyrimai. Pažymima, kad tyrimuose pirmą kartą Lietuvoje žvyro bei asfaltinės dangos lygumas buvo nustatytas pagai tarptautinę nelygumų indekso IRI skalę. Tyrimų duomenij pagrindu apskaičiuota žvyro dangos nelygumų didėjimo, išlyginus greideriu, kreivė, taikytina vidutiniam žvyrkelio lygumui nustatyti.

Antroje straipsnio dalyje aprašomas teoriniais bei eksperimentiniais tyrimais pagrįstas Lietuvos ekonomines bei klimatines sąlygas atitinkantis žvyrkelių renovacijos ekonominio tikslingumo vertinimo modelis KAMIS. Pateikiami trumpi išlaidų bei santaupų submodelių bei modelio esmės aprašymai, modelio matematinė išraiska ir algoritmo schema. Nustatytas pagrindinis žvyrkelių renovacijos ekonominio tikslingumo vertinimo kriterijus riboto biudžeto sąlygomis—vidinės grąžos norma.

Tyrimų metu gauti tarpiniai rezultatai Lietuvos kelių įmonėse naudojami nuo 1995 m., o modelis įdiegtas 1997 m. Pagai KAMIS, 1997 bei 1998 metų žvyrkelių asfaltavimo programų bendras ekonominis efektas 20-ies būsimų metų laikotarpiu 1997 m. kainomis turėtų viršyti 174 mln.Lt.
TECHNOLOGICAL DECISION MODELLING OF THE DWELLING HOUSE WALLS INSULATION/GYVENAMŲJŲ NAMŲ SIENŲ ŠILTINIMO TECHNOLOGINIŲ SPRENDIMŲ MODELIAVIMAS
Authors: Juodis Arvydas , Janušaitis Rolandas
Published: March 2019

The article investigates the problems of technological decision modelling of wall insulation in dwelling houses. The system engineering is the base of that technology. The methodology represents and optimises the systems of complex building processes. After that it is possible to develop the alternatives.

On a systematic engineering methodological basis, there was created a technological network model of the decisions of wall insulation. This model has been constructed on the base of classical net model with a new modification for application provided.

The main stages of technological network model of wall insulation are:

formation of complex combination process;

establishment of possible variants of the partial process;

technological connection among those (b and c) processes.

The implementation alternatives of the analysed process have pointed out in the technological net model for the decisions of wall insulation. Such a model enables to analyse, to evaluate and to optimise the decisions of wall insulation.
CRITERIA OF ADEQUACY FOR BUILDING THERMAL BEHAVIOUR/PASTATŲ GRUPAVIMAS PAGAL ŠILUMINĖS BŪSENOS KRITERIJUS
Authors: Barkauskas Vytautas
Published: March 2019

Statybinės normos (RSN 143–92/94) reglamentuoja leistinas atitvarų šilumos perdavimo koeficientų vertes. Tačiau net ir nustačius visoms atitvaroms vienodas šilumos perdavimo koeficiento vertes, atskirų pastatų savitieji šilumos nuostoliai šildomojo ploto ar tūrio atžvilgiu iš esmės skiriasi. Šis skirtumas svyruoja nuo 1,3 iki 2,7 karto. Tai dideli skaičiai.

Empiriškai ir analitiškai nustatyta, kad yra du kriterijai, kurie leidžia gana tiksliai klasifikuoti pastatus į 8 grupes pagal jų šiluminės būklės ir savitųjų šilumos nuostolių panašumą. Vienas iš jų ( Ke ) rodo pastatų atitvarų matmenų santykių panašumą, kitas ( Kb )—šilumos nuostolių panašumą. Visi pagal šiuos kriterijus sugrupuoti pastatai sklandžiai koreliuoja. Įrašant pagal kriterijų Kh panašias šilumos režimo grupes į funkcijos q=f(Ah) (ši funkcija aprašo pastato savituosius šilumos nuostolius šildomojo ploto atžvilgiu) kreivės trajektoriją, nustatyta, kad panašios šiluminės būklės pastatai glaudžiai grupuojasi atskiruose šios kreivės taškuose į šilumos nuostolių (funkcijos) ir pastato dydžio bei formos (argumentas) apibrėžtus laukelius. Sklaidos ribos siekia nuo ±2% iki ±10%.

Išvados:

Pastatų, suprojektuotų su analogiškomis ir lygiavertėmis atitvaromis, šiluminės energijos sąjiaudos vienetinio šildomo ploto (ar tūrio) atžvilgiu gali labai skirtis.

Egzistuoja kriterijai, kurie leidžia skirtingų ar analogiškų atitvarų pastatus grupuoti į panašios šiluminės būklės pastatų grupes.

Pastatų grupavimas leidžia skirtingai ir objektyviai reglamentuoti šiluminės energijos suvartojimo dydžius priklausomai nuo pastato grupės.

Pastatų grupavimas į panašios šiluminės būklės grupes atitinka susiklosčiusias pastatų planinės-erdvinės struktūros schemas ir joms neprieštarauja.
THE INFLUENCE OF SUDDEN INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON STRESS-STRAIN STATES IN EXTERIOR FINISHING LAYERS OF MULTILEAF WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE TIES /STAIGAUS TEMPERATŪROS IR DRĖGMĖS PADIDĖJIMO ĮTAKA SLUOKSNIUOTŲJŲ SIENŲ SU LANKSČIAIS RYŠIAIS IŠORINIŲ APDAILOS SLUOKSNIŲ ĮTEMPIŲ IR DEFORMACIJŲ BŪVIUI
Authors: Marčiukaitis Gediminas
Published: March 2019

Sluoksniuotųjų sienų išorinių sluoksnių, kurie ne tik apsaugo termoizoliacinius sluoksnius nuo įvairių poveikių, bet ir turi architectŭrinę bei estetinę paskirtį, supleišejimas yra neleistinas. Atlikti tyrimai ir apskaičiavimai parodė, kad staigus temperatūros ir drėgmės padidėjimas gali sukelti sluoksnyje įtempius, pagreitinančius šio sluoksnio ar jo dalies atplyšimą nuo gretimo sluoksnio ir sumažina atsparumą šalčiui. Įtempių dydis ir jų pasiskirstymo išoriniame sluoksnyje būdas priklauso nuo deformacijų modulių (n=E1/E2 ) ir sluoksnių storių (δ1/δ2) santykių. Šiems santykiams didėjant, sluoksnio išoriniame krašte gali atsirasti tempimo įtempiai, viršijantys ribines sluoksnio medžiagos tempimo stiprio reikšmes. Toks išorinių apdailos sluoksnių nurodytų parametrų santykis gali būti ir tuomet, kai jie daromi sluoksniuoti ir iš skirtingų savybių medžiagų. Pasiūlyta metodika leidžia nustatyti šiuos įtempius ir parinkti tokius sluoksnių storius ir jų medžiagų savybes, kad įtempiai būtų kuo mažesni. Juos sumažinus sumažėja tikimybė atsirasti bendriesiems kritiniams įtempiams išoriniame sluoksnyje. Pagal šią metodiką galima nustatyti įtempius atskiruose apdailos sluoksnio sluoksneliuose, jeigu jie yra sudaryti iš medžiagų, turinčių skirtingas savybes. Kadangi praktiniam apskaičiavimui trūksta duomenų apie išorinių (apdailos) sluoksnų medžiagų plėtimǎsi nuo temperatūros ir drėgmės, todėl pateikti pasiūlymai šioms deformacijoms nustatyti.
A ∼60 day Super-orbital Period Originating from the Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar in M82
Authors: Brightman Murray , Harrison Fiona A. , Bachetti Matteo , Xu Yanjun , Fürst Felix , Walton Dominic J. , Ptak Andrew , Yukita Mihoko , Zezas Andreas
Published: March 2019

Ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) pulsars are a new class of object powered by apparent super-critical accretion onto magnetized neutron stars. Three sources in this class have been identified so far; M82 X-2, NGC 5907 ULX-1, and NGC 7793 P13 have been found to have two properties in common; ∼1 s spin periods, and for NGC 5907 ULX-1 and NGC 7793 P13 periodic X-ray flux modulations on timescales of ∼60–80 days. M82 X-2 resides in a crowded field that includes the ULX M82 X-1 separated from X-2 by 5″, as well as other bright point sources. A 60 day modulation has been observed from the region, but the origin has been difficult to identify; both M82 X-1 and X-2 have been suggested as the source. In this paper we present the analysis of a systematic monitoring campaign by Chandra, the only X-ray telescope capable of resolving the crowded field. From a simple Lomb–Scargle periodogram analysis and a more sophisticated Gaussian Process analysis we find that only X-2 exhibits a periodic signal around 60 days, supporting previous claims that it is the origin. We also construct a phase-averaged flux profile of the modulations from higher-cadence Swift/XRT data and find that the flux variations in the Chandra data are fully consistent with the flux profile. Since the orbit of the neutron star and its companion is known to be 2.5 days, the ∼60 day period must be super-orbital in origin. The flux of the modulations varies by a factor of ∼100 from the minimum to the maximum, with no evidence for spectral variations, making the origin difficult to explain.
Estimation of the Particle Radiation Environment at the L1 Point and in Near-Earth Space
Authors: Laurenza M. , Alberti T. , Marcucci M. F. , Consolini G. , Jacquey C. , Molendi S. , Macculi C. , Lotti S.
Published: March 2019

To characterize the particle radiation environment at the Lagrangian point L1 and in the near-Earth space we performed a systematic analysis of the particle flux data recorded by different instruments on board different spacecraft (ACE EPAM/LEMS120, IMP-8 CPME, and Geotail EPIC-ICS). We focused on protons in the poorly explored energy range ∼0.05–5 MeV, including energies of the so-called soft protons, which are critical for the Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA) mission, as well as the 145–440 MeV one, because high-energy particles affect all interplanetary missions. We estimated the energetic proton environment by computing the cumulative distribution functions for the different energy channels of each instrument and studied its variations with respect to solar activity. We obtained energetic proton spectra at cumulative probabilities (CPs) of 50% and 90% and worst-case scenarios, which can be used by the ATHENA mission for operational purposes and more generally for space weather hazards. We found an increase in the ∼0.05–5 MeV proton spectrum at 90% CP during the maximum phase of solar cycle (SC) No. 23 of about a factor from 3 to 5, depending on the energy, with respect to the overall period (1997–2014). Moreover, the 300–500 keV proton flux at 90% CP is higher during SC No. 21 by about a factor 1.5 and 3 compared to SC No. 22 and SC No. 23, respectively. Finally, variations with solar activity of the 145–440 MeV proton flux are within a factor of 2 at both 90% and 50% CPs, thus representing the low-energy galactic cosmic rays.
Six new species of Arthrinium from Europe and notes about A. caricicola and other species found in Carex spp. hosts
Authors: Pintos Ángel , Alvarado Pablo , Planas Juan , Jarling Rene
Published: March 2019

Several newArthriniumspecimens were collected from various locations in Mediterranean and temperate Europe. A collection of the type species,A.caricicola, was obtained from dead leaves ofCarexericetorumin Berlin. Sequences of four genetic markers, ITS, 28S rDNA, tef1 and tub2 were produced from almost all collections and analyzed with those available in public databases. Results are employed to support six new species:A.balearicum,A.descalsii,A.esporlense,A.ibericum,A.italicumandA.piptatheri. The type species,A.caricicola, is related to other species occurring onCarexsp.; these might represent an independent lineage fromApiosporaand the remaining species ofArthrinium. Finally, the sexual morph ofA.mariiis described and illustrated for the first time.
« Déguisé en Suisse » : les « Suisses » de Molière et leur langage
Authors: Haas Walter
Published: March 2019

Le prétendu charabia des gardes suisses s’impose naturellement à l’attention de Molière, en raison de la présence des gardes suisses à la cour. Le public des comédies-ballets connaît cette « langue  suisse », aisée à imiter, et dont l’effet comique est par conséquent garanti. Cet article étudie quelques propriétés de ce « suisse » exploité par Molière, et situe cette caricature linguistique dans le contexte de l’histoire des gardes suisses. Il propose enfin quelques considérations sur les fonctions poétologiques des langues défectueuses ou déviantes dans un texte littéraire.
Le théâtre anglais vu par les voyageurs français dans les années 1660
Authors: Louvat-Molozay Bénédicte , Déléris Alban
Published: March 2019

Dans les années 1660, Samuel Sorbière ( Relation d’un voyage en Angleterre ), Samuel Chappuzeau ( Le Théâtre françois ) et Saint-Évremond (« Sur la Tragédie » et « De la comédie anglaise ») assistent, à Londres, à la représentation de pièces anglaises. La critique qu’ils en livrent est remarquable par le cadre esthétique et idéologique dans lequel elle s’inscrit : celui d’une comparaison avec le théâtre français qui vise à établir sa supériorité et sa valeur de modèle.
La première querelle de la musique italienne : prémices d’une critique du spectacle musical
Authors: Naudeix Laura
Published: March 2019

La première querelle de la musique italienne confronte, au tout début du XVIII e siècle, l’abbé François Raguenet, séduit par des opéras et oratorios entendus lors d’un voyage en Italie, et Jean-Laurent Le Cerf de la Viéville, partisan du style français. L’affrontement se cristallise autour de récits de spectacles qui traduisent les impressions ressenties à l’écoute de l’une ou l’autre musique. Dans les deux cas se pose la question de la possibilité de donner accès à ce que l’auteur a vécu. Surtout, l’écriture affronte la pertinence d’une telle évocation. Le processus de légitimation de cette prise de parole vise à réduire le paradoxe qui consiste à évoquer un spectacle donné, par essence inaccessible, afin de l’ériger en exemple susceptible de porter l’évaluation critique. Le jugement de valeur, ordonné en théorie esthétique, sert de caution à des récits d’expérience qui annoncent le compte rendu critique moderne.
Morale sceptique contre morale païenne ? Le dixième trope sceptique chez le libertin La Mothe Le Vayer
Authors: Manea Ioana
Published: March 2019

Il s’agit d’analyser les contradictions entre la morale chrétienne et la morale païenne qui sous-tendent les œuvres de La Mothe Le Vayer et qui participent de la mise en pratique du dixième trope sceptique. En premier lieu, l’article traite des exemples qui illustrent ces contradictions. En deuxième lieu, il démontre que La Mothe Le Vayer ne se sert pas des contradictions irréconciliables entre les deux types de morale pour inciter à des jugements sur leur valeur.
Psychopharmacology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Calles Joseph L.
Published: March 2019

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk for co-occurring psychiatric and behavioral disorders. Risperidone and aripiprazole are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of irritable mood-associated problems (eg, aggression, self-injury, tantrums, and mood lability) in youth with ASD. Several other medications have been used as adjuncts to risperidone, with some evidence for reduction in irritability and hyperactivity. To date, there are no medications that have been consistently effective in treating the core social and communication deficits seen in people with ASD. There are, however, two investigational drugs that have shown promise in that regard, and they are, or will soon be, in phase III trials. This article presents a brief overview of current and potential psychopharmacologic agents used in the treatment of psychiatric comorbidities in people with ASD.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2019;49(3):120–124.]
Operative Time and Cost Vary by Surgeon: An Analysis of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children
Authors: Striano Brendan M. , Brusalis Christopher M. , Flynn John M. , Talwar Divya , Shah Apurva S.
Published: March 2019

Operative time is a critical driver of cost in orthopedics and an important target for improving value in health care. This study used an archetypal pediatric orthopedic procedure to identify surgeon-dependent variability in operative time. The authors reviewed patients 12 years or younger treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for extension-type supracondylar humerus fractures. Variability in operative time across surgeons was assessed. Surgeon experience at the time of the procedure and case volume (quarterly) were evaluated to explain variations in operative time. A total of 1472 patients were reviewed (57% Gartland type II and 43% type III fractures). Procedures were performed by 12 fellowship-trained pediatric orthopedists with 2 weeks to 32.8 years of experience. For individual surgeons, the mean operative time ranged from 20.4 to 33.7 minutes for type II fractures and from 31.0 to 46.8 minutes for type III fractures. There was significant variation across surgeons in mean operative time and cost (
P
<.001). Analysis showed no significant effect of surgeon experience or quarterly case volume. Surgeons' mean operative time for type II fractures was strongly positively correlated with their mean operative time for type III fractures (
r
2
=0.74). Mean operative time and cost for supracondylar humerus fracture closed reduction and percutaneous pinning vary significantly between surgeons, but this variation is not explained by experience or volume. Surgeons who required more time for type II fractures were also slower for type III fractures. Because of the high per minute cost of the operating room, surgeon variability significantly impacts cost. Identification and modification of sources of variation in surgeon behavior will allow for reduction in the cost of surgical care. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(3):e317–e321.]
Critical Consciousness and Empowerment Issues in Undergraduate Classrooms
Authors: Alajlan Sarah M. , Aljohani Obaidalah H.
Published: March 2019

It is important to practice critical skills in the classroom in order to empower learners and to have a critical consciousness, such as critical thinking, dialogue, and problem solving. In the present study, undergraduate students' perceptions (by gender) of the practice of critical consciousness in the classroom at Taif University, Saudi Arabia is investigated. Freire's conceptualization of critical consciousness is used as the study's theoretical framework. That conceptualization is focused on critical thinking, dialogue, and problem-solving. A quantitative approach is utilized with a self-administered questionnaire in collecting data from the respondents. The results of this study indicated that Saudi undergraduate students' perspective was positive about the practice of the three elements of critical consciousness. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 among undergraduate students' perspective on the practice of critical consciousness, including dialogue, critical thinking, and the total practice based on their gender. The direction of the differences was a benefit for females.
Exploring the Teaching and Learning Quality Question in Technical Education in Botswana
Authors: Sokwane Lentswe , Adekanmbi Gbolagade
Published: March 2019

Due to a perception that the quality of their certificates was in question, students of the Gaborone Technical College (GTC), along with their counterparts in similar institutions, went on a strike in 2016. Based on a subsequent case study of the college, completed in 2018, this article examines the quality question in technical education in Botswana. The study set out to assess the implementation of policies guiding teaching and learning; examines the quality of resources for teaching and learning; appraises the nature and use of support systems for teaching and learning; investigates the views of lecturers and students on the quality of teaching and learning and identifies the factors which inhibit the quality of teaching and learning. Using a mixed method approach, the study collected data from students, lecturers and college managers through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results show the absence of a specific teaching and learning policy, thus questioning the quality of the implementation of the policy itself. The study shows that the availability of resources for enhancing quality teaching is questionable, and the general perception by staff and students is that the overall quality of teaching and learning is average. However, most staff have the required qualifications for quality teaching, adequate support services exist, but a low utilization of the support services is observed. Factors inhibiting the quality of teaching and learning include inadequate library reference materials, the slow pace of internet connectivity, the absence of technical support for staff and inadequate resources in laboratories. In line with the literature, the article recommends a prioritization of quality teaching as a strategic objective, the establishment of a teaching and learning framework and the continuing professional development of staff, among others.