bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator, SAR218645, improves memory and attention deficits in translational models of cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia
Authors: Griebel Guy , Pichat Philippe , Boulay Denis , Naimoli Vanessa , Potestio Lisa , Featherstone Robert , Sahni Sukhveen , Defex Henry , Desvignes Christophe , Slowinski Franck , Vigé Xavier , Bergis Olivier E. , Sher Rosy , Kosley Raymond , Kongsamut Sathapana , Black Mark D. , Varty Geoffrey B.
Published: October 2016

Normalization of altered glutamate neurotransmission through activation of the mGluR2 has emerged as a new approach to treat schizophrenia. These studies describe a potent brain penetrant mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM), SAR218645. The compound behaves as a selective PAM of mGluR2 in recombinant and native receptor expression systems, increasing the affinity of glutamate at mGluR2 as inferred by competition and GTPγ35S binding assays. SAR218645 augmented the mGluR2-mediated response to glutamate in a rat recombinant mGluR2 forced-coupled Ca2+ mobilization assay. SAR218645 potentiated mGluR2 agonist-induced contralateral turning. When SAR218645 was tested in models of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, it reduced head twitch behavior induced by DOI, but it failed to inhibit conditioned avoidance and hyperactivity using pharmacological and transgenic models. Results from experiments in models of the cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia showed that SAR218645 improved MK-801-induced episodic memory deficits in rats and attenuated working memory impairment in NMDA Nr1neo−/− mice. The drug reversed disrupted latent inhibition and auditory-evoked potential in mice and rats, respectively, two endophenotypes of schizophrenia. This profile positions SAR218645 as a promising candidate for the treatment of cognitive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia, in particular those with abnormal attention and sensory gating abilities.
The contribution of major histocompatibility complex contacts to the affinity and kinetics of T cell receptor binding
Authors: Zhang Hao , Lim Hong-Sheng , Knapp Berhard , Deane Charlotte M. , Aleksic Milos , Dushek Omer , van der Merwe P. Anton
Published: October 2016

The interaction between the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and antigenic peptide in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is a crucial step in T cell activation. The relative contributions of TCR:peptide and TCR:MHC contacts to the overall binding energy remain unclear. This has important implications for our understanding of T cell development and function. In this study we used site directed mutagenesis to estimate the contribution of HLA-A2 side-chains to the binding of four TCRs. Our results show that these TCRs have very different energetic ‘footprints’ on HLA-A2, with no residues contributing to all TCR interactions. The estimated overall contribution of MHC side-chains to the total interaction energy was variable, with lower limits ranging from 11% to 50%. Kinetic analysis suggested a minor and variable contribution of MHC side-chains to the transition state complex, arguing against a two-step mechanism for TCR binding.
The Accuracies of Diagnosing Pancreas Divisum by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Ultrasound: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Zhe , Munker Stefan , Zhou Boyan , Li Lin , Yu Chaohui , Li Youming
Published: October 2016

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), MRCP after secretin stimulation (S-MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) are all selected to diagnose pancreas divisum. However, the accuracies of three diagnosis remain unclear. The aim is to address the diagnostic accuracies of MRCP, S-MRCP and EUS on pancreas divisum. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to January, 2015. Of the 536 citations retrieved, 16 studies were included. For MRCP diagnosis on pancreas divisum, the area under the hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic (HSROC) curve was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87 to 0.92), and for S-MRCP and EUS, 0.99 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.98). Sensitivity and specificity for MRCP were 0.59 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.71) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.00); for S-MRCP, 0.83 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.92) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.00); for EUS, 0.85 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.94) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.99). Comprehensive comparison of three diagnostic techniques to pancreas divisum, S-MRCP was more reliable than MRCP and EUS on the effect of the diagnostic test.
Colloid-Mediated Transport of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products through Porous Media
Authors: Xing Yingna , Chen Xijuan , Chen Xin , Zhuang Jie
Published: October 2016

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) enter soils through reclaimed water irrigation and biosolid land applications. Colloids, such as clays, that are present in soil may interact with PPCPs and thus affect their fate and transport in the subsurface environment. This study addresses the influence of soil colloids on the sorption and transport behaviors of PPCPs through laboratory column experiments. Results show that the affinities of PPCPs for colloids vary with their molecular chemistry and solution ionic strength. The presence of colloids promotes the breakthrough of ciprofloxacin (over 90% sorbed on colloids) from ~4% to 30–40%, and the colloid-facilitated effect was larger at lower ionic strength (e.g., 2 mM). In comparison, the net effect of colloids on the transport of tetracycline (~50% sorbed on colloids) could be facilitation or inhibition, depending on solution chemistry. This dual effect of colloids is primarily due to the opposite response of migration of dissolved and colloid-bound tetracycline to the change in solution ionic strength. Colloids could also facilitate the transport of ibuprofen (~10% sorbed on colloids) by ~50% due likely to exclusion of dispersion pathways by colloid straining. This study suggests that colloids are significant carriers or transport promoters of some PPCPs in the subsurface environment and could affect their off-site environmental risks.
An Evanescent Wave Fluorescent Immunosensor for Milk Quality Monitoring
Authors: Zhou Xiaohong , Shi Hanchang
Published: October 2016

As food safety is an ever more prominent global issue, the demand for rapid, simple, sensitive, and low-cost biosensor technology is continuously increasing. Evanescent wave fluorescent immunosensor technology shows enormous potential to detect chemical and biological analytes for food safety. This chapter discusses the underlying principles and configurations of an evanescent wave fluorescent immunosensor. We also review the applications of this technique in monitoring milk contaminants.
Chemiluminescence and Fluorescence Optical Biosensor for the Detection of Aflatoxins in Food
Authors: Bhand Sunil , Kanungo Lizy , Pal Souvik
Published: October 2016

The effective analysis of food contaminants, especially toxins, requires the development of innovative bioanalytical devices or biosensors that are precise, sensitive, specific, rapid, and easy to use to, in order to meet the increasing demand for legislative actions on food safety and control. Optical biosensors, are a powerful alternative to conventional analytical techniques. They enable the highly sensitive, real-time, and high-throughput analysis of food toxins without needing extensive sample preparation. Among the optical biosensing techniques, chemiluminescence and fluorescence are used to detect food toxins as they are highly sensitive and amplification of the optical signal is possible without much interference. The use if these contactless sensors eliminates backward influence of the measuring device on the object of measurement. Aflatoxins are food toxins which affect almost all food commodities. They are potentially hazardous carcinogens and therefore their early and sensitive detection is greatly needed. In this chapter, we focus on the development of optical biosensing techniques for ultrasensitive analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products based on chemiluminescence and fluorescence detection.
Nanostructure-Modified Electrodes for Food Sensors
Authors: Wahab Mohammad A. , Darain Farzana
Published: October 2016

This chapter focuses on nano/mesoporous nanostructures as modified electrodes for the analysis of food. These are of interest due to their narrow and tunable pore size distributions, high surface area, and the ability to introduce various functions into the final framework. These materials can easily be prepared with a variety of porous structures with uniform pore sizes in the mesoporous range, making them more suitable and effective for targeted applications. Extensive research has been carried out recently, focusing on their synthesis and characterization. Various applications have been reported, but recent developments in bioadsorption ability and capacity, separation, color science, determination of contaminants and aqueous stability of these materials have particularly promoted the use of nano/mesoporous nanostructures as electrode materials for food analysis.
Biosensor Systems for the Monitoring of Fish Health and Freshness in Aquaculture
Authors: Wu Haiyun , Endo Hideaki
Published: October 2016

To improve production and management, an understanding of fish physiology and the aquaculture environment are important. The assessment of fish physiology is always difficult due to the timing of sampling, aquaculture conditions, and methodologic bias arising from repeated fish handling. Bacterial disease is another important factor that affects fish production. To keep fish healthy, pathogens that can live in the breeding environment must be detected with high sensitivity. The fast-growing aquaculture industry is an excellent field for the application of biosensors. An understanding of how key parameters are changing can help fish farmers to allow faster adjustment of the aquaculture environment. Freshness is one of the main quality attributes for fish processing, marketing, and consumption, but conventional methods for fish freshness monitoring are time consuming and complicated. This paper briefly reviews how some biosensor systems might be applied in aquaculture and their potential.
Phage-Based Biosensors for Food Analysis
Authors: Sokullu Esen , Ng Andy
Published: October 2016

Biorecognition probes are crucial in biosensor development as they determine biosensor properties such as sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness. In the last few decades, bacteriophages (phages), a diverse group of viruses that specifically infect bacteria, have gained particular interest as biorecognition material thanks to their exceptional stability and genetically tunable target specificity by phage display technology. In this chapter, we summarize the use of phage as a biorecognition probe in biosensor development. We first give an overview of phage isolation, production, and engineering in accordance with the need of the application. We describe and categorize phage-based biosensors according to the transducer platform and detection method, and discuss their analytical performance with an emphasis on the performance of phage as a high-affinity and specific receptor of the targeted analyte.
The use of differential scanning fluorimetry in the rational design of plastic antibodies for protein targets
Authors: Ashley Jon , Shukor Yunus , Tothill Ibtisam E.
Published: October 2016

Predicted interactions between acrylic monomers and proteins, and melting profiles using DSF in the rational design of MIP-NPs for proteins.
Magnesium hydridotriphenylborate [Mg(thf)6][HBPh3]2: a versatile hydroboration catalyst
Authors: Mukherjee Debabrata , Shirase Satoru , Spaniol Thomas P. , Mashima Kazushi , Okuda Jun
Published: October 2016

Magnesium bis(hydridotriphenylborate), a solvent-separated ion pair [Mg(thf)6][HBPh3]2, is a versatile catalyst for hydroboration of polar unsaturated substrates including CO2.
On the origin of the great rigidity of self-assembled diphenylalanine nanotubes
Authors: Zelenovskiy Pavel , Kornev Igor , Vasilev Semen , Kholkin Andrei
Published: October 2016

The great rigidity of self-assembled diphenylalanine nanotubes is due to the hydrogen bonds existing between monomers and water in the nanochannel.
125Te NMR provides evidence of autoassociation of organo-ditellurides in solution
Authors: Elder P. J. W. , Vargas-Baca I.
Published: October 2016

Positive concentration coefficients of δ125Te of organo-ditellurides are consistent with their autoassociation through tellurium-centred supramolecular interactions.
Ether-based solvents significantly improved electrochemical performance for Na-ion batteries with amorphous GeOxanodes
Authors: Kajita Tetsuya , Itoh Takashi
Published: October 2016

Ether-based solvents greatly improved the electrochemical performance of amorphous GeOxanodes in Na-ion batteries owing to significant suppression of electrolyte decomposition.
Systems biocatalysis: para-alkenylation of unprotected phenols
Authors: Busto Eduardo , Gerstmann Michaela , Tobola Felix , Dittmann Edmund , Wiltschi Birgit , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: October 2016

Commercially available phenol derivatives were transformed with pyruvate to form a new C–C bond leading to the correspondingpara-coumaric acids and only one molecule of water as an innocent side product in buffer.
Bis(alkyl) rare-earth complexes coordinated by bulky tridentate amidinate ligands bearing pendant Ph2PO and Ph2PNR groups. Synthesis, structures and catalytic activity in stereospecific isoprene polymerization
Authors: Rad'kova Natalia Yu. , Tolpygin Aleksei O. , Rad'kov Vasily Yu. , Khamaletdinova Nadia M. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgi K. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: October 2016

Replacement of Ph2PO group by Ph2PNPh leads to a switch of stereoselectivity from cis-1,4 to trans-1,4.
Template-free synthesis of ordered ZnO@ZnS core–shell arrays for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Hailong , Li Tong , Lu Yang , Cheng Jinbing , Peng Tao , Xu Jinyou , Yang Linying , Hua Xiangqiang , Liu Yunxin , Luo Yongsong
Published: October 2016

In this article, ordered ZnO@ZnS core–shell structures have been produced on a stainless mesh by a two-step approach without using a template.
The breast cancer stem cell potency of copper(ii) complexes bearing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their encapsulation using polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Eskandari Arvin , Boodram Janine N. , Cressey Paul B. , Lu Chunxin , Bruno Peter M. , Hemann Michael T. , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan
Published: October 2016

This is the first report to demonstrate that polymeric nanoparticles can be used to effectively deliver CSC-potent metal complexes into CSCs.
Sulfate formation catalyzed by coal fly ash, mineral dust and iron(iii) oxide: variable influence of temperature and light
Authors: Gankanda Aruni , Coddens Ellen M. , Zhang Yaping , Cwiertny David M. , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: October 2016

Recent atmospheric field and modeling studies have highlighted a lack of understanding of the processes responsible for high levels of sulfate aerosol in the atmosphere, ultimately arising from a dearth of experimental data on such processes.
Exposure of children to BPA through dust and the association of urinary BPA and triclosan with oxidative stress in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Lv Yanshan , Rui Caiyan , Dai Yanyan , Pang Qihua , Li Yanru , Fan Ruifang , Lu Shaoyou
Published: October 2016

Both bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) are phenolic compounds widely used in a variety of household applications.
Emerging investigators series: building a theory for smart stormwater systems
Authors: Mullapudi Abhiram , Wong Brandon P. , Kerkez Branko
Published: October 2016

Smart stormwater systems will transform cities into coordinated and real-time controlled treatment plants.
Triple-enzyme mimetic activity of Co3O4nanotubes and their applications in colorimetric sensing of glutathione
Authors: Wang Ting , Su Ping , Li Huifen , Yang Ye , Yang Yi
Published: October 2016

Based on the oxidase-like activity of Co3O4nanotubes, a simple and sensitive colorimetric sensor for GSH detection was investigated.
Recent advances in the chemistry of metallated azetidines
Authors: Antermite Daniele , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi Renzo
Published: October 2016

The almost unexplored four-membered azetidines represent a particularly interesting class of molecules, among the family of saturated nitrogen heterocycles. This review reports recent developments in direct metal-based functionalization of the azetidine ring, focusing on the regio- and stereoselectivity of these reactions.
Anisotropic Li+ ion conductivity in a large single crystal of a Co(iii) coordination complex
Authors: Kim Saet Byeol , Kim Jeung Yoon , Jeong Nak Cheon , Ok Kang Min
Published: October 2016

Anisotropic Li+ ion conductivity has been observed in a large single crystal of a novel Co(iii) coordination complex attributable to the presence of directional ion channels with a suitable size.
Novel nanostructured carbons derived from epoxy resin and their adsorption characteristics for CO2 capture
Authors: Tiwari Deepak , Goel Chitrakshi , Bhunia Haripada , Bajpai Pramod K.
Published: October 2016

A nanocasting technique has been used to synthesize oxygen enriched carbon adsorbents with epoxy resin as the precursor and mesoporous zeolite as a template.
One-pot preparation of Bi/Bi2WO6/reduced graphene oxide as a plasmonic photocatalyst with improved activity under visible light
Authors: Zhou Yan , Ren Sushan , Dong Qimei , Li Yingying , Ding Hanming
Published: October 2016

The Bi/Bi2WO6/rGO nanocomposite for simultaneous RhB adsorption and photocatalysis was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method.
High school students' engagement in planning investigations: findings from a longitudinal study in Spain
Authors: Crujeiras-Pérez B. , Jiménez-Aleixandre M. P.
Published: October 2016

This paper examines the process of high school students' planning investigations in the chemistry laboratory across two consecutive academic years in terms of their actions and their progress. The context is a set of five inquiry-based laboratory tasks in which participants (9th and 10th graders, 14–15 and 15–16 years of age) are required to plan and carry out investigations to solve contextualized problems. Data collection includes audio and video recordings of students' conversations and actions, as well as students' written products. For the analysis, two different rubrics have been developed, based on students' discourse and actions. Rubric 1, examining the students' actions related to planning investigations, consists of five categories that correspond to some of the operations assessed in the competency of assessing and designing scientific inquiry (OECD,PISA 2015 Draft Science Framework, 2013). Rubric 2, analyzing students' progress in planning investigations, consists of four levels of proficiency depending on: (a) the adequacy of their proposals to solve the issues addressed in each task and (b) their level of requirement of help from the teacher or not to complete the plan. The main findings point to a range of levels of achievement among groups and tasks, as well as in the type of scaffolding required from the teacher. Regarding the students' progression in the practice of planning, all groups evidence general progress from the beginning to the end of the study.
Fractional spur reduction technique using 45° phase dithering in phase interpolator based all‐digital phase‐locked loop
Authors: Ko J. , Heo M. , Lee J. , Kim C. , Lee M.
Published: October 2016

A spur reduction technique in fractional‐N phase‐locked loops based on a current‐mode phase interpolator (CMPI) is presented by dithering input signals of the CMPI. CMPI shows deterministic phase error having symmetrical profile around 45° offset in each quadrant, and this non‐linear property leads to fractional spurs. The proposed 45° phase rotator with digital compensation reduces the fractional spur by 18.57 dB at most, and average improvement of fractional tones is 7.89 dB in 2 MHz frequency step measurement.
Non‐stoichiometric GaAs – prospective material for compact THz emitters
Authors: Beleckaitė I. , Adomavičius R. , Butkutė R. , Pačebutas V. , Molis G. , Bukauskas V. , Selskis A. , Krotkus A.
Published: October 2016

A non‐stoichiometric (NS) GaAs layer by the means of terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy is investigated. THz emission azimuthal dependencies and THz pulse amplitude dependence on the excitation angle were measured. Obtained results were explained by the existence of parallel to the sample surface components of THz radiating electric dipoles. The results were compared with those gained investigating GaAs nanowires. In addition, it was shown that a NS GaAs layer could be a very promising material for a compact bias‐free THz emitter with good spectral characteristics.
Wideband mixer exploiting and compensation technique
Authors: Liu Lanqi , Zhang Kefeng , Liu Dongsheng , Zou Xuecheng , Hu Ang
Published: October 2016

A novel wideband down‐conversion mixer is proposed for multi‐standard wireless applications between 100 MHz and 2.5 GHz. A transconductance stage with two pairs of compensatory transistors is adopted for high linearity. Differing from the ordinary differential multi‐gated transistor technique utilised in Gilbert mixer, the design proposed concerns about both gm″ and gm compensation of the transconductance stage in order to improve both input‐referred third‐order intercept point (IIP3) and 1 dB gain compression point (CP1 dB). Realising in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 180 nm RF CMOS process, the mixer provides a gain of 8.9 dB, a maximum IIP3 of 5.8 dBm, a maximum CP1 dB of −4 dBm and a minimum noise figure (NF) of 9.6 dB.
Local accumulated smoothing patterns for fingerprint liveness detection
Authors: Kim W. , Jung C.
Published: October 2016

A novel image descriptor for fingerprint liveness detection is presented. Inspired by the observation that textural distortions due to the fabrication process are well revealed by edge‐aware filtering, it is proposed to exploit the local patterns on the accumulated smoothing space for determining whether a given fingerprint is fake or not. Experimental results on LivDet 2009 and 2011 datasets show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method compared with previous local image descriptors.
Design of a compact microstrip lowpass filter with sharp roll‐off using combined T‐shaped and L‐shaped resonators
Authors: Jahanbakhshi M. , Hayati M.
Published: October 2016

A novel compact microstrip lowpass filter with high performance is designed and analysed based on transfer function. The main resonator consists of L‐shaped and T‐shaped patches. The L‐shaped resonator is used to increase the width of the stopband. The presented filter has −3 dB cut‐off frequency at 2 GHz. It also has a wide stopband about 17.82 GHz with the suppression level of −21 dB. The transition band is ∼168 MHz from −3 to −40 dB. The locations of transmission zeros are calculated by transfer function. The presented lowpass filter has other advantages, such as high return loss more than 20 dB and low insertion loss <0.15 dB in the passband. The size of the filter is only 0.087 × 0.170 λg2, where λg is the guided wavelength at the cut‐off frequency. The proposed lowpass filter has the figure of merit of 50,285, which shows its strong efficiency. The lowpass filter is simulated and fabricated and there is a good agreement between the simulation and measurement results.
High‐frequency‐based features for low and high retina haemorrhage classification
Authors: Lahmiri Salim
Published: October 2016

Haemorrhages (HAs) presence in fundus images is one of the most important indicators of diabetic retinopathy that causes blindness. In this regard, accurate grading of HAs in fundus images is crucial for appropriate medical treatment. The purpose of this Letter is to assess the relative performance of statistical features obtained with three different multi‐resolution analysis (MRA) techniques and fed to support vector machine in grading retinal HAs. Considered MRA techniques are the common discrete wavelet transform (DWT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and variational mode decomposition (VMD). The obtained experimental results show that statistical features obtained by EMD, VMD, and DWT, respectively, achieved 88.31% ± 0.0832, 71% ± 0.1782, and 64% ± 0.0949 accuracies. It also outperformed VMD and DWT in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Thus, the EMD‐based features are promising for grading retinal HAs.
Distributed estimation for stochastic hybrid systems with event‐triggered sensor schedule
Authors: Zhang Cui , Jia Yingmin
Published: October 2016

This study deals with the state estimation problem for stochastic hybrid systems with event‐triggered sensor schedule. By employing the basic interacting multiple model (IMM) approach, a novel event‐triggered state estimator has been proposed for stochastic hybrid systems based on a closed‐loop schedule rule. To compute the mode probabilities in the IMM estimator, a set of sigma points are generated to produce the pseudo‐measurements when the sensor measurements are unavailable. Then, the event‐triggered state estimator is extended to develop a distributed estimator in the sense of linear minimum mean square error, where the fused estimates are used to implement the re‐initialisation in the interacting stage of the IMM estimator. The performance of proposed estimators is illustrated through the Monte Carlo simulations involving tracking a manoeuvring target in the two‐dimensional experiment. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed estimator is compared with that of the existing filter with a reduced computational burden.
Electrical line‐shafting control for motor speed synchronisation using sliding mode controller and disturbance observer
Authors: Lin Shuyi , Cai Yunze , Yang Bo , Zhang Weidong
Published: October 2016

This study presents a new observer‐based electronic line‐shafting (ELS) control scheme as motion synchronisation solution for motor drives in the industrial manufacturing process. To achieve better speed control performance for each ac motor drive, a sliding mode controller is proposed. This controller is designed based on a non‐linear reaching law, which helps to settle the reaching time/chattering dilemma in the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) approach. In addition, a sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate lumped disturbances for the motor drives. Disturbance estimation results are fed forward as compensation parts for the SMC controller; in the meantime, they are transmitted to the virtual line‐shafting drive to accurately reflect total system disturbances, thus to achieve high motor speed synchronisation precision. Effectiveness of the proposed ELS control scheme is verified by simulation results.
Overview and design methodology of doubly salient brushless dc generators with stator‐field winding
Authors: Zhang Zhuoran , Yu Li , Wang Yuting , Wang Yu , Yan Yangguang
Published: October 2016

This study introduces a doubly salient brushless dc (DSBLDC) generator with stator‐field winding, which incorporates the doubly salient electromagnetic (DSEM) machine and its associated rectifier. The configuration, operation principle, and armature reaction of different generating mode are overviewed. The sizing equation is derived for the initial dimension design of the DSEM machine. Then the non‐linear varying‐network magnetic circuit method for preliminary design is proposed to determine the fundamental geometric parameters, the corresponding field magnetomotive force, and winding configurations iteratively, in which the magnetic saturation is taken into account. Furthermore, optimal design of the geometric parameters is comprehensively investigated by finite‐element analysis, and the optimised coefficients obtained for different generating mode. The operating characteristics of the DSBLDC generator with compensation capacitors are investigated to improve the voltage regulation performance. A prototype of 12 kW DSEM machine has been designed and optimised by the proposed design methods. Experiments are performed and the results verify the predictions and the design methods. Due to the simple and robust structure without permanent magnet, as well as convenient and flexible control, the promising DSEM machine is a desirable candidate for dc power generation.
Model free graphical index for transient stability limit based on on‐line single machine equivalent system identification
Authors: Shamisa Abdollah , Karrari Mehdi
Published: October 2016

In this study, a novel technique for fast transient stability limit assessment is proposed. In the proposed method, first the whole power system is approximated with a single machine equivalent model independent of the type and location of the fault, and its parameters are identified using on‐line measured data. Next, a graphical index based on transient energy approach is presented for the transient stability limit. The proposed method is tested on a real 247‐machine power network to all devices in service, and the load flow matched with real recorded data. Simulation studies show very promising results. Furthermore, they show that the defined stability index can be evaluated immediately after the fault clearing and can be accurately estimated even if does not exist any prior knowledge about the operating condition. This new method can be used for preventive security assessment in smart power systems. The results show that the proposed graphical stability limit can be used accurately as a measure for ‘distance to critical clearing time’ of relays.
Risk assessment of stochastic spinning reserve of a wind‐integrated multi‐state generating system based on a cross‐entropy method
Authors: Wang Yue
Published: October 2016

Challenges of unprecedented proportions face the electric power industry who takes on the responsibility for scheduling spinning reserve of a wind‐integrated power system in an economical and reliable way. This study proposed a cross‐entropy (CE) based simulation method to evaluate two indices of loss of load probability and expected demand not supplied, as well as the empirical distribution of demand not supplied. The triple together could be used for predictively sketching a full picture of spinning reserve inadequacy risk of a wind‐integrated power system at an imminent operating time instance. The stochastic feature of the concerned multi‐state system is modelled with a discrete‐state continuous‐time Markov process. Case studies based on the RTS‐79 were carried out to illustrate the spinning reserve adequacy fluctuation given different present states of a rapid‐start unit combined with or without considering the wind power penetration. Meanwhile, the advantage of the proposed CE simulation method over the exact convolution method and classical Monte Carlo simulation method in case of adequate spinning reserve is also demonstrated.
Service restoration based on AMI and networked MGs under extreme weather events
Authors: Wang Zhaoyu , Wang Jianhui
Published: October 2016

This study proposes a comprehensive power outage detection and service restoration framework for a distribution system with advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) meters and networked microgrids (MGs). To cope with the resilience challenge of communication networks in severe weather events, the authors propose a decentralised outage detection method which obtains the total number of customers and the total amount of lost load in the outage area via local information exchanges among AMI meters. To provide fast‐response service restoration, the proposed framework incorporates the network reconfiguration and the local power support from the connected MGs. The optimal restoration problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer quadratic programme that controls distributed generators and loads in MGs and line switches to maximise the restored critical loads. Case studies on a modified 69‐bus distribution system with networked MGs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in both outage detection and service restoration.
Power‐based transmission constrained unit commitment formulation with energy‐based reserve
Authors: Yuan Wei , Zhai Qiaozhu
Published: October 2016

Staircase transmission constrained unit commitment (TCUC) formulations have been used for decades and are considered as energy‐based TCUC formulations (EbUC). Recently, it has been reported that EbUC formulations may result in undeliverable energy schedules. Some power‐based TCUC formulations (PbUC) have been proposed to address this problem. However, exact continuous time‐based power outputs of units are usually approximated in these PbUC formulations and ramp‐rate capacities of units are not accurately modelled. Besides, the implicit coupling between ramp‐rate constraints and spinning reserves is neglected in both EbUC and PbUC formulations, which may cause that scheduled spinning reserve levels are unavailable in some time periods. To address these problems, a new PbUC formulation is proposed in this study with continuous time‐based power outputs. It is found that the formulation can be transformed into an equivalent mathematical program and a Lagrangian relaxation‐based approach is presented. Numerical testing is performed for a 10‐unit system and an IEEE 24‐bus system. Results show that the model and the solution algorithm in this study are effective.
Non‐fragile filtering for large‐scale power systems with sensor networks
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Hongbin , Ding Xuan
Published: October 2016

In this study, the authors investigate the non‐fragile H∞ filtering for large‐scale power systems with sensor networks to estimate the state of each subsystem and send the states to different sites. First, for the purpose of enhancing monitoring efficiency, each sensor measures the corresponding subsystem, which can avoid the paralysis of the entire monitoring system caused by the damage of a sensor. Second, they construct the non‐fragile filter to adapt the uncertain environment. Sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure that the filtering error system is asymptotically stable with a prescribed H∞ performance level based on the robust control approach. The filter parameters are determined by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. A simulation example, which shows the efficiency of the proposed methods is included in this study.
Copy–move forgery detection based on multi‐radius PCET
Authors: Wo Yan , Yang Kemin , Han Guoqiang , Chen Haichao , Wu Wenbo
Published: October 2016

Copy–move, which copies part of an image and pastes to another part of the same image, is one of the most commonly used image tampering operations. The copied part may suffer to post‐processing operations such as rotation, scaling and blur to make the forgery visually convincing. To detect the copied parts with large‐scale rotation and scaling, this study proposes a copy–move forgery detection method based on multi‐radius polar complex exponential transform (PCET). First, the multi‐radius PCET with graphic processing unit acceleration is used to extract the rotational invariant and multi‐scale features. Then, the lexicographical order matching algorithm, optimised with minimum heap is applied to get a coarse match result. After that, the accurate detection based on radius ratio and position information is used to get the accurate detection result. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods, the proposed method can detect the copied parts with large‐scale rotation or scaling and is robust against Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression, smoothing and noise degrading.
Placement‐insensitive flexible RFID antenna for ‘peel‐and‐stick’ applications
Authors: Ruyle Jessica E. , Moreno Alexander , Bernhard Jennifer T.
Published: October 2016

Radio‐frequency identification (RFID) systems with ‘peel‐and‐stick’ labels are currently limited to tracking items with nearly electromagnetically transparent material properties. This limitation stems from the antenna choice for these labels – a dipole variant. A ground plane edge treatment along with a feed slot with unique tuning capabilities is investigated as an alternative RFID antenna option. Ease of fabrication was maintained as a priority in all design decisions. The measured antenna displays true placement insensitivity with a constant impedance when attached to metal, lossy dielectric, or electromagnetically‐transparent objects.
From simulations to measurements: prototyping an antenna for non‐linear applications at sub‐THz frequencies
Authors: Pigeon Melusine , Sushko Oleksandr , Donnan Robert S. , Kreouzis Theo , Parini Clive G. , Wang Hui , Alderman Byron , Huggard Peter G. , Dubrovka Rostyslav
Published: October 2016

The simulated characterisation and tuning of prototype antennas prior to manufacture is described in this study. The antennas incorporate Schottky diodes so as to frequency triple incident sub‐THz power. Such a dual frequency, non‐linear, device has been called a multenna. A metrology is outlined for ease of multiple measurements to permit exploring scenarios of multenna element design. Four options are optimally oriented and assembled onto an appropriately dimensioned tile substrate to minimise mutual coupling during characterisation of each element individually. Transmission measurements of the multennas are performed at 100 and 300 GHz: an example of resonant behaviour is presented.
Three‐phase AC/DC power‐flow for balanced/unbalanced microgrids including wind/solar, droop‐controlled and electronically‐coupled distributed energy resources using radial basis function neural networks
Authors: Baghaee Hamid Reza , Mirsalim Mojtaba , Gharehpetian Gevork B. , Talebi Heidar Ali
Published: October 2016

This study presents a novel approach for robust, balanced and unbalanced power‐flow analysis of microgrids including wind/solar, droop‐controlled and electronically‐coupled distributed energy resources. This method is based on using radial basis function neural networks that can be applied to a wide range of non‐linear equation sets. Unlike conventional Newton–Raphson, the presented method does not need to calculate partial derivatives and inverse Jacobian matrix and so, has less computation time, can solve all the equation sets for the power grid and distributed energy resources exactly and simultaneously, and has enough robustness with respect to the R/X ratio and load changes. Also, because the power electronic interface provides some degrees of freedom in the steady‐state and dynamic models, a new approach is required to solve the non‐linear set of the power grid and distributed energy resource equations even with unequal number of equations and variables. The proposed method is a general method applicable to all types of power networks, including radial, meshed, and open‐loop, and includes all types of buses, i.e. PQ, photovoltaic and slack buses. This method is tested on different microgrid test systems, and the comparative results validate its efficiency and accuracy.
Optimal tuning of multivariable disturbance‐observer‐based control for flicker mitigation using individual pitch control of wind turbine
Authors: Imran Raja Muhammad , Akbar Hussain Dil Muhammad , Soltani Mohsen , Rafaq Raja Muhammad
Published: October 2016

Multivariable disturbance accommodated observer based control (DOBC) scheme is presented to mitigate loads generated due to wind shear and tower shadow using individual blade pitch for above‐rated wind speed condition of wind turbine. Wind shear and tower shadow add flickers as 1p, 3p, 6p and so on, (p is the rotor rotational frequency) for three‐bladed wind turbine. Novel DOBC with individual pitch control (IPC) to mitigate the flickers is presented and linear state‐space model of wind turbine with tower dynamics is developed. The proposed controller is tuned using optimal control theory to reduce fatigue of drive‐train, tower and to regulate output power. The authors have tested the controller on NREL's 5 MW wind turbine, FAST (fatigue, aerodynamics, structures and turbulence) code is used for load modelling and MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation. A comparison of power spectral density of generator speed, drive‐train torsion and tower fore‐aft moment shows better mitigation to the flickers by proposed controller as compared with proportional–integral (PI) and disturbance accommodation control (DAC) with collective pitch control. Furthermore, it shows less degradation in the performance as moving away from the operating point for above‐rated wind speed condition of wind turbine. It is concluded that proposed multivariable controller shows better mitigation to turbulent and cyclic aerodynamic loads, provide better regulation to output power using IPC of wind turbine and increased the lifetime of drive‐train torsion and tower as compared with PI and DAC.
Simulation of synthetic aperture radar imaging of dynamic wakes of submerged body
Authors: Liu Peng , Jin Ya‐Qiu
Published: October 2016

Simulation of the wakes excited by a submerged body in high‐resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is presented. The hydrodynamic model consists of two sets of ocean dynamics closely relevant to SAR imaging, namely time evolution of the wake and wind waves, and orbital motion of Bragg waves riding on them. For the wake, the orbital motion is reconstructed through a least square‐based solution from the known elevation map. Time domain backscattering from the electrically very large ocean scenario is computed by a quasi‐stationary algorithm, in which a physical optics phase correction of the two‐scale model is proposed to take account the Doppler effects caused by wave orbital motions. SAR images of the wake are simulated as a function of the size, speed and depth of the submerged body, in which a range of wake features are observed, such as azimuth displacement, velocity bunching and smearing. This work might provide insights into the feasibility of using a SAR sensor to detect the wakes of a submerged body.
Analysis of X‐band PolInSAR coherence characteristics in forested areas
Authors: Zhang Hai‐ying , Li Zhen‐fang , Wang Zhi‐bin , Fang Chao
Published: October 2016

The X‐band coherence statistical characteristics related to the height of ambiguity, polarisation and resolution in two typical forested areas are investigated, using X‐band multi‐baseline polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PolInSAR) data acquired by an automobile‐based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) system. The influences of the polarisation and resolution on coherence are carefully analysed. The results show that the volume decorrelation in forested areas is independent of the polarisation and the coherence decreases with the reduction of the resolution. In addition, an empirical coherence model in relation to the height of ambiguity, resolution, forest height and range slope is proposed, according to the coherence statistical characteristics of the experimental data. The model can be used to calculate the mean coherence of forested areas under a specific system baseline and therefore it can play an important role in X‐band InSAR baseline configuration for forest mapping.
Flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on multi‐walled carbon nanotube electrodes
Authors: Shao Na , Wu Jian , Yang Xing , Yao Jialin , Shi Yunsheng , Zhou Zhaoying
Published: October 2016

Flexible pressure sensors offer the advantages of flexibility, low cost, and easy to large area fabrication, and they have wide applications in many fields. This work proposes a flexible capacitive pressure sensor that exhibits a sandwich‐like structure, a good performance, and a simple process. Multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) is used to fabricate the two electrodes of the sensor because this low cost material possesses good mechanical and electronic properties. Meanwhile, MWNT naturally forms numerous micro–nano structures that can enhance the sensitivity of a sensor. In addition, the dielectric layer of the sensor composed of parylene C (poly(chloro‐p‐xylylene)) is sandwiched between the two electrodes. The experimental results show that the pressure sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and a rapid response. The average sensitivity is 1.33 kPa–1 at a pressure that ranges from 0 to 758 Pa and the response time reach to millisecond level. Given that low cost, good property and simple process, the sensor has wide application prospects in electronic skins, health monitoring devices, and other wearable electronic products.
Pharmacotherapy in Children and Adolescents at Clinical-High Risk for Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Lambert M. , Niehaus V. , Correll C.
Published: October 2016

This review aims to describe the importance of i) detecting individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (schizophrenia) or bipolar disorder, especially in children and adolescents, in order to enable early intervention, and ii) evaluating different intervention strategies, especially pharmacotherapy, during the subsyndromal or “prodromal” stages of these severe and often debilitating disorders. The different approaches regarding the psychotic and bipolar clinical high-risk state are discussed, including reasons and evidence for early (pharmacological) intervention and risks of treatment vs. non-treatment. Only 10 prospective studies of antipsychotics (randomized=4) and 6 prospective studies of non-antipsychotic pharmacologic agents (randomized=3, i. e., omega-3 fatty acids=2, glycine=1) for the psychotic clinical high-risk state and only 4 prospective studies of mood stabilizing medications for the bipolar clinical high-risk state (randomized=2, i. e., lithium=1, valproate=1) were detected. Based on the minimal efficacy data, adverse effect risks, especially in pediatric populations, nonspecific psychopathology, and unknown true risk for the development of either psychosis or bipolar disorder or of chronically disabling symptoms and disability, medication treatment currently remains second choice after psychosocial intervention. Additional research in this area is clearly needed in order to shed more light on the relevance and predictive value of potentially prodromal symptoms, their identification and most appropriate management options.
Defect states in perovskite solar cells associated with hysteresis and performance
Authors: Miller D. Westley , Eperon Giles E. , Roe Ellis T. , Warren Charles W. , Snaith Henry J. , Lonergan Mark C.
Published: October 2016

External quantum efficiency and transient photocapacitance (TPC) spectra were obtained for perovskite solar cells with methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite absorbers formed by either dip or vapor conversion. These measurements reveal an extended band of sub-gap states in all of the devices studied. The defect band is best fit by a pair of defects, and the appearance of the defect signal in the transient photocapacitance spectra indicates that at least one of the observed defects is in the perovskite absorber. The cells with the largest density of defect states show the lowest short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage for slow, quasi-steady-state, current density-voltage sweeps and the largest hysteresis in short-circuit current density for fast sweeps. This suggests that defect states in the perovskite absorber limit steady-state device performance, and that these defects or associated mobile charges play a role in the hysteresis observed in current density-voltage measurements.
The magnetic component of geodesic acoustic modes in tokamak plasmas with a radial equilibrium electric field
Authors: Zhou Deng
Published: October 2016

The dispersion relation of geodesic acoustic modes with a magnetic perturbation in the tokamak plasma with an equilibrium radial electric field was derived. The dispersion relation was analyzed for very low field strength. The mode frequency decreases with increasing field strength, which is different from the electrostatic geodesic acoustic mode. There exists an m = 1 magnetic component that is very low when the radial electric field is absent. The ratio between the m = 1 and m = 2 magnetic components increases with strength of the radial electric field for low Mach numbers.