bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Disease and Economic Burdens of Esophageal Cancer in China from 2013 to 2030: Dynamic Cohort Modeling Study
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Xu Junfang , Gu Yuxuan , Sun Xueshan , Dong Hengjin , Chen Changgui
Published: December 2021

Background

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. Estimates of the EC burden are necessary and could offer evidence-based suggestions for local cancer control.

Objective

The aim of this study was to predict the disease burden of EC in China through the estimation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and direct medical expenditure by sex from 2013 to 2030.

Methods

A dynamic cohort Markov model was developed to simulate EC prevalence, DALYs, and direct medical expenditure by sex. Input data were collected from the China Statistical Yearbooks, Statistical Report of China Children’s Development, World Population Prospects 2019, and published papers. The JoinPoint Regression Program was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of DALY rates, whereas the average annual growth rate (AAGR) was applied to analyze the changing direct medical expenditure trend over time.

Results

From 2013 to 2030, the predicted EC prevalence is projected to increase from 61.0 to 64.5 per 100,000 people, with annual EC cases increasing by 11.5% (from 835,600 to 931,800). The DALYs will increase by 21.3% (from 30,034,000 to 36,444,000), and the years of life lost (YLL) will account for over 90% of the DALYs. The DALY rates per 100,000 people will increase from 219.2 to 252.3; however, there was a difference between sexes, with an increase from 302.9 to 384.3 in males and a decline from 131.2 to 115.9 in females. The AAPC was 0.8% (95% CI 0.8% to 0.9%), 1.4% (95% CI 1.3% to 1.5%), and –0.7% (95% CI –0.8% to –0.7%) for both sexes, males, and females, respectively. The direct medical expenditure will increase by 128.7% (from US $33.4 to US $76.4 billion), with an AAGR of 5.0%. The direct medical expenditure is 2-3 times higher in males than in females.

Conclusions

EC still causes severe disease and economic burdens. YLL are responsible for the majority of DALYs, which highlights an urgent need to establish a beneficial policy to reduce the EC burden.
Evaluation of Telemedicine Use for Anesthesiology Pain Division: Retrospective, Observational Case Series Study
Authors: Jalilian Laleh , Wu Irene , Ing Jakun , Dong Xuezhi , Sadik Joshua , Pan George , Hitson Heather , Thomas Erin , Grogan Tristan , Simkovic Michael , Kamdar Nirav
Published: December 2021

Background

An increasing number of patients require outpatient and interventional pain management. To help meet the rising demand for anesthesia pain subspecialty care in rural and metropolitan areas, health care providers have used telemedicine for pain management of both interventional patients and those with chronic pain.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to describe the implementation of a telemedicine program for pain management in an academic pain division in a large metropolitan area. We also aimed to estimate patient cost savings from telemedicine, before and after the California COVID-19 “Safer at Home” directive, and to estimate patient satisfaction with telemedicine for pain management care.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational case series study of telemedicine use in a pain division at an urban academic medical center. From August 2019 to June 2020, we evaluated 1398 patients and conducted 2948 video visits for remote pain management care. We used the publicly available Internal Revenue Service’s Statistics of Income data to estimate hourly earnings by zip code in order to estimate patient cost savings. We estimated median travel time and travel distance with Google Maps’ Distance Matrix application programming interface, direct cost of travel with median value for regular fuel cost in California, and time-based opportunity savings from estimated hourly earnings and round-trip time. We reported patient satisfaction scores derived from a postvisit satisfaction survey containing questions with responses on a 5-point Likert scale.

Results

Patients who attended telemedicine visits avoided an estimated median round-trip driving distance of 26 miles and a median travel time of 69 minutes during afternoon traffic conditions. Within the sample, their median hourly earnings were US $28 (IQR US $21-$39) per hour. Patients saved a median of US $22 on gas and parking and a median total of US $52 (IQR US $36-$75) per telemedicine visit based on estimated hourly earnings and travel time. Patients who were evaluated serially with telemedicine for medication management saved a median of US $156 over a median of 3 visits. A total of 91.4% (286/313) of patients surveyed were satisfied with their telemedicine experience.

Conclusions

Telemedicine use for pain management reduced travel distance, travel time, and travel and time-based opportunity costs for patients with pain. We achieved the successful implementation of telemedicine across a pain division in an urban academic medical center with high patient satisfaction and patient cost savings.
Evaluating Voice Assistants' Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination in Portuguese: Quality Assessment
Authors: Seródio Figueiredo Carlos Maurício , de Melo Tiago , Goes Raphaela
Published: December 2021

Background

Voice assistants (VAs) are devices that respond to human voices and can be commanded to do a variety of tasks. Nowadays, VAs are being used to obtain health information, which has become a critical point of analysis for researchers in terms of question understanding and quality of response. Particularly, the COVID-19 pandemic has and still is severely affecting people worldwide, which demands studies on how VAs can be used as a tool to provide useful information.

Objective

This work aimed to perform a quality analysis of different VAs’ responses regarding the actual and important subject of COVID-19 vaccines. We focused on this important subject since vaccines are now available and society has urged for the population to be rapidly immunized.

Methods

The proposed study was based on questions that were collected from the ofﬁcial World Health Organization website. These questions were submitted to the 5 dominant VAs (Alexa, Bixby, Cortana, Google Assistant, and Siri), and responses were evaluated according to a rubric based on the literature. We focused this study on the Portuguese language as an additional contribution, since previous works are mainly focused on the English language, and we believe that VAs cannot be optimized to foreign languages.

Results

Results showed that Google Assistant has a better overall performance, and only this VA and Samsung Bixby achieved high scores on question understanding in the Portuguese language. Regarding the obtained answers, the study also showed the best Google Assistant overall performance.

Conclusions

Under the urgent context of COVID-19 vaccination, this work can help to understand how VAs must be improved to be more useful to the society and how careful people must be when considering VAs as a source of health information. VAs have been demonstrated to perform well regarding comprehension and user-friendliness. However, this work has found that they must be better integrated to their information sources to be useful as health information tools.
Comparison of User-Oriented Information Services on the Websites of Large Hospitals in China and the United States: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhong Yang , Tao Wenjuan , Yang Yanlin , Wu Hao , Li Weimin , Wen Jin
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Many people use the internet to access health care information to support health care decisions, and hospital websites can be the first point of contact to provide health care information services for consumers. However, little is known about the current information services provided by the websites of large Chinese hospitals.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the information services of the websites of large hospitals in China and the United States. We hope that our findings will benefit hospital managers worldwide in providing service information on the web.

METHODS

This study adopted a cross-sectional analytical approach to evaluate the websites of large hospitals in China and the United States in 2020. A total of 300 large hospitals were randomly selected, of which half were in China and half were in the United States. Based on the 7Ps marketing mix, we identified 39 items that represent typical hospital website information services, covering the following seven dimensions: product, price, place, propagation, people, process, and physical evidence.

RESULTS

Most of the items (34/39, 87%) related to information services offered by hospital websites were less covered in China than in the United States; however, 5 items (appointments by a third-party platform, mobile payment, hospital value, hospital environment display, and physicians’ profiles) had higher coverage in China. The average scores for hospital websites in China and the United States were 13.25 (SD 2.99) points and 23.16 (SD 2.76) points, respectively. Generally, high scores were given to the south areas of China and north areas of the United States.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospital websites in China lagged behind those in the United States with regard to information services offered. We recommend that hospital managers in China place more emphasis on the people, product, and propagation dimensions of the 7Ps marketing mix in the construction of information services on hospital websites. Through the comparison of the websites of large hospitals in China and the United States, our study findings can provide suggestions for forming standard hospital website construction guidelines worldwide.
Examining Twitter Discourse on Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Consumption During National Cancer Prevention Month in 2018: Topic Modeling and Geospatial Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Lu Jiahui , Lee Edmund W J
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Examining public perception of tobacco products is critical for effective tobacco policy making and public education outreach. While the link between traditional tobacco products and lung cancer is well established, it is not known how the public perceives the association between electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and lung cancer. In addition, it is unclear how members of the public interact with official messages during cancer campaigns on tobacco consumption and lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to analyze e-cigarette and smoking tweets in the context of lung cancer during National Cancer Prevention Month in 2018 and examine how e-cigarette and traditional tobacco product discussions relate to implementation of tobacco control policies across different states in the United States.

METHODS

We mined tweets that contained the term “lung cancer” on Twitter from February to March 2018. The data set contained 13,946 publicly available tweets that occurred during National Cancer Prevention Month (February 2018), and 10,153 tweets that occurred during March 2018. E-cigarette–related and smoking-related tweets were retrieved, using topic modeling and geospatial analysis.

RESULTS

Debates on harmfulness (454/915, 49.7%), personal experiences (316/915, 34.5%), and e-cigarette risks (145/915, 15.8%) were the major themes of e-cigarette tweets related to lung cancer. Policy discussions (2251/3870, 58.1%), smoking risks (843/3870, 21.8%), and personal experiences (776/3870, 20.1%) were the major themes of smoking tweets related to lung cancer. Geospatial analysis showed that discussion on e-cigarette risks was positively correlated with the number of state-level smoke-free policies enacted for e-cigarettes. In particular, the number of indoor and on campus smoke-free policies was related to the number of tweets on e-cigarette risks (smoke-free indoor, r49=0.33, P=.02; smoke-free campus, r49=0.32, P=.02). The total number of e-cigarette policies was also positively related to the number of tweets on e-cigarette risks (r49=0.32, P=.02). In contrast, the number of smoking policies was not significantly associated with any of the smoking themes in the lung cancer discourse (P>.13).

CONCLUSIONS

Though people recognized the importance of traditional tobacco control policies in reducing lung cancer incidences, their views on e-cigarette risks were divided, and discussions on the importance of e-cigarette policy control were missing from public discourse. Findings suggest the need for health organizations to continuously engage the public in discussions on the potential health risks of e-cigarettes and raise awareness of the insidious lobbying efforts from the tobacco industry.
A Glance at the Practice of Pediatric Teledermatology Pre- and Post–COVID-19: Narrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Long Valencia , Chandran Nisha Suyien
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of pediatric teledermatology, with centers showing increased uptake of teledermatology. Pediatric patients possess unique characteristics that pose different challenges with teledermatology compared to adults, in turn affecting the feasibility and uptake of pediatric teledermatology in the community.

OBJECTIVE

This narrative review summarizes the evolution of pediatric teledermatology from pre–COVID-19 pandemic times to the post–COVID-19 period.

METHODS

A search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase was performed for original articles written in English and published from December 1, 2019, to April 1, 2022.

RESULTS

A total of 22 publications were included.

CONCLUSIONS

Teledermatology will continue to play an increasing role in the management of skin diseases. A mindset shift in the types of conditions deemed suitable for pediatric teledermatology is needed.
Integration vs Collaborative Redesign Strategies of Health Systems’ Supply Chains in the Post-COVID-19 New Normal: Cross-sectional Survey Across the United States (Preprint)
Authors: Khuntia Jiban , Mejia Frances J , Ning Xue , Helton Jeff , Stacey Rulon
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Given the widespread disruptions to supply chains in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, questions such as how health systems are shaping strategies to restore the supply chain disruptions are essential to have confidence in health systems’ supply chain model strategies. Plausibly, health systems have an opportunity for redesign, growth, and innovation by utilizing collaborative strategies now, compared to the usual strategies of integrating their existing supply chains to reduce inefficiencies.

OBJECTIVE

This study focuses on teasing out the nuance of supply chain integration versus collaborative redesign strategies for health systems in the post-COVID-19 new normal. We focus on 2 research questions. First, we explore the impact of perceived supply chain challenges and disruptions on health systems’ supply chain integration (SC-INTEGRATION) and collaborative redesign (SC-REDESIGN) strategies. Second, we examine the outcomes of integration and collaborative redesign strategic choices on growth and service outcomes.

METHODS

We used data for this study collected through a consultant from a robust group of health system chief executive officers (CEOs) across the United States from February to March 2021. Among the 625 health system CEOs contacted, 135 (21.6%) responded to our survey. We considered supply chain–relevant strategy and outcome variables from the literature and ratified them via expert consensus. We collected secondary data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Compendium of the US Health Systems, leading to a matched data set from the 124 health systems. Next, we used ordered logit model estimation to examine CEO preferences for partnership strategies to address current supply disruptions and the outcomes of strategy choices.

RESULTS

Health systems with higher disruptions would choose integration (positive, P<.001) over redesign, indicating that they still trust the existing partners. Integration strategy is perceived to result in better service outcomes (P<.01), while collaborations are perceived to lead to greater growth opportunities (P<.05); however, the role of integration in growth is not entirely ruled out (combined model, P<.001). Plausibly, some health systems would choose integration and collaborative redesign models, which have a significant relationship with both services (combined model, P<.01) and growth, establishing the importance of mixed strategies for health systems.

CONCLUSIONS

The cost of health care continues to rise, and supply-related costs constitute a large portion of a hospital’s expenditure. Understanding supply chain strategic choices are essential for a health system’s success. Although collaboration is an option, focusing on and improving existing integration dynamics is helpful to foster both growth and services for health systems.
Healing from a distance: A cross-sectional study on the diagnostic reliability of store-and-forward Teledermatology (Preprint)
Authors: Chan Erika Kim , Melendres Jacqueline Michelle
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Telemedicine delivers health care services between two distant locations through the use of information and communication technology. Several medical specializations, such as dermatology, have incorporated telemedicine into their practice. Since dermatologists are trained to diagnose skin, hair and nail conditions with a clinical eye, teledermatology may be an alternative when a traditional face-to-face clinic visit is not feasible.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of teledermatology.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from Culion Sanitarium and General Hospital and Rizal Medical Center. Thirty-nine patients were seen face-to-face and diagnosed by a consultant dermatologist. A written history of their present illness and accompanying photographs were taken, and were shown to three consultant teledermatologists who then diagnosed their condition. Two senior dermatology residents then rated the face-to-face and teledermatology diagnoses as either complete agreement, partial agreement, or no agreement. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the general and clinical characteristics of the participants. Cohen’s Kappa was used to determine the agreement of the evaluations between the teledermatology and face to face diagnoses by senior residents 1 and 2.

RESULTS

Over 70% of the diagnoses were deemed as either partial or in complete agreement with the face-to-face diagnosis for senior resident rater 1. Similarly, over 80% of the diagnoses were deemed as either partial or in complete agreement with the face-to-face diagnosis for senior resident rater 2. The agreement between the agreement ratings of senior residents 1 and 2 were fair to substantial.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of the study show that the diagnostic concordance of in-person clinicians and teledermatologists are fair to substantial, with over 70% of the diagnoses in partial or complete agreement. Though face-to-face consultations remain the gold standard, teledermatology is an important alternative where dermatologic care is not accessible.
Impact of a Papillomavirus Vaccination Promotion Program in Middle School: Study Protocol for a Cluster Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Tran Phuong Lien , Chirpaz Emmanuel , Boukerrou Malik , Bertolotti Antoine
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

On Reunion Island, incidence and mortality for uterine cervical cancer is high, yet coverage rate for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is low.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of a health promotion program promoting HPV vaccination on the proportion of middle school girls who complete the full HPV vaccination schedule (2 or 3 doses) by the end of school year.

METHODS

This study is a cluster controlled intervention study using a superiority design. A combined health promotion program will be offered containing information to students and parents, training of general practitioners, and free school-based vaccination (in a “health bus”). Children who attend this program will constitute the intervention group and will be compared to children from another middle school who will not attend the program constituting the control group.

RESULTS

Recruitment began in October 2020. In the intervention school, of 780 students, 245 were randomly selected in the 12 classes. In the control school, 259 students out of 834 were randomly selected.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we explore the impact of a health promotion program combining information toward students, parents, and general practitioners with free school-based vaccination. We expect a significantly higher HPV vaccination coverage in the intervention school as compared to the control school, whether it be among girls or boys. The final implication would be an extension of this program in all middle schools on the Island and thus an increase in HPV vaccination coverage.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04459221; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04459221

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/35695
Порівняльний аналіз валідності гоніометричного, інклінометричного та рентгенологічного методів вимірювання розгинання у гомілковостопному суглобі
Authors: Kucher I.V.
Published: December 2021

Актуальність. Пошук оптимального методу оцінки амплітуди розгинання в гомілковостопному суглобі (ГС) залишається актуальним предметом наукових дискусій. Мета роботи — провести порівняльний аналіз валідності гоніометричного та інклінометричного методів вимірювання обсягу розгинання у гомілково-стопному суглобі порівняно із рентгенологічними показниками. Матеріали та методи. У дослідження ввійшло 25 здорових, фізично активних осіб (50 гомілковостопних суглобів), серед яких чоловіків було 18, жінок— 7; середній вік обстежуваних становив 25,8 ± 5,2 року; середнє значення індексу маси тіла — 25,01 ± 5,01. Обсяг розгинання у ГС вимірювали при навантаженні за допомогою двоплощинного гоніометра та інклінометра і порівнювали їх з рентгенологічними показниками. Результати вимірювань оцінювали методами описової статистики. Результати. Cередні значення розгинання у ГС, виміряні за допомогою двоплощинного гоніометра, становили 37,62 ± 5,56°; інклінометра — 40,61 ± 5,15°; рентгенологічні показники — 23,69 ± 7,25°. Різниця між середніми була вірогідною (p < 0,001). Середнє значення коефіцієнта варіації для рентгенологічного методу становило 0,31 і значно переважало показники гоніометричного (0,15) та інклінометричного (0,13) методів вимірювання (p < 0,001). Рентгенографія ГС при навантаженні при максимальному розгинанні стопи призводить до збільшення показників тало-1-метатарзального кута. Висновки. Значення кутових параметрів розгинання у ГС при гоніометричному та інклінометричному методах вимірювання суттєво перевищують рентгенологічні показники. Більший коефіцієнт варіації для рентгенологічного дослідження вказує на кращу відтворюваність інклінометрії та гоніометрії при оцінці розгинання у ГС. Навантажувальна рентгенограма ГС в положенні максимального розгинання демонструє збільшення тало-1-метатарзального кута порівняно із нормативними значеннями, що потрібно враховувати при інтерпретації результатів рентгенологічної оцінки розгинання у ГС.
Хірургічне лікування хворих із позасуглобовими переломами дистального відділу плечової кістки
Authors: Bodnya A.I. , Dubovik S.L.
Published: December 2021

У статті розглядаються позасуглобові переломи дистального відділу плечової кістки згідно з класифікацією АО/ASIF, до яких залежно від площини зламу та характеру зміщення уламків відносять типи 12А–С. Мета: вивчити особливості переломів плечової кістки в нижній третині і провести порівняльний аналіз результатів хірургічного лікування. Матеріали та методи. Під наглядом перебували 127 пацієнтів із позасуглобовими дистальними переломами плечової кістки. Для ретроспективного аналізу пацієнти були розподілені на групу порівняння (92 особи), в якій був виконаний традиційний накістковий остеосинтез, і групу дослідження (35 осіб), в якій застосовували розроблений нами пристрій зовнішньої фіксації стрижневого типу. Найближчі та віддалені функціональні результати вивчені з використанням шкали MEPS. Результати. Проаналізовані різні показники, встановлені нами для порівняння, і результати лікування в 101 пацієнта (група порівняння— 68 осіб, група дослідження — 33 особи). Більшість значень цих показників були цілком порівнянними за віком, статтю, термінами госпіталізації, тривалістю операцій тощо, але виявлені відмінності показників все ж таки не досягали рівня статистичної вірогідності (p > 0,05). Оцінка клінічного застосування запропонованого нами пристрою показала цілком порівнянне з накістковим остеосинтезом відновлення анатомії плечової кістки і досягнення кінцевого результату лікування. Однак число ускладнень за видом і загальною кількістю було вірогідно (p < 0,001) вищим у 4,5 раза у групі порівняння, де на їх частку припадала найбільша кількість випадків нейропатій (16,18 %), незрощень (8,82 %), конт-рактур ліктьового суглоба (8,82%) і гетеротопічної осифікації (4,42 %). Підсумкові значення за шкалою MEPS серед обстежених хворих у групі порівняння становили 84,9 ± 10,2 бала, у групі дослідження — 92,6 ± 3,7 бала. При цьому сумарна оцінка позитивних результатів лікування після накісткового остеосинтезу становила 66,18 %, після черезкісткового остеосинтезу— 81,82 %. Висновки. Аналіз отриманих даних дозволяє рекомендувати спосіб малоінвазивного остеосинтезу стрижневим пристроєм зовнішньої керованої фіксації як метод вибору для більш широкого клінічного використання при лікуванні пацієнтів із переломами плечової кістки на рівні нижньої третини.
Appeal of Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Ivanov D.D.
Published: December 2021

No abstract
KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases
Authors: Authors No
Published: December 2021

No abstract
Сучасний погляд на етіопатогенез вікової макулярної дегенерації та роль молекулярно-генетичних детермінант у ньому
Authors: Malachkova N.V. , Masa’deh Mohammad Mashhour Mohammad , Miteb Al-Jarrah Osama Mohammad , Liudkevych H.P. , Sukhan D.S.
Published: December 2021

Вікова дегенерація жовтої плями (вікова макулярна дегенерація) вражає переважно людей літнього віку і являє собою одну з найпоширеніших причин втрати зору, що швидко прогресує. Більш ніж за 150 років досліджень наукова спільнота пройшла шлях від розуміння макроскопічної картини ураження (ідентифікації друз як основного морфологічного прояву нозології) до детальних класифікацій і визначення ролі генетичних детермінант в етіопатогенезі захворювання — саме рання діагностика методом генетичного аналізу потребує найбільшої уваги спеціалізованих дослідницьких груп через високу специфічність, можливість превентивного аналізу та багато нез’ясованого у галузі генетичної діагностики очних хвороб. Метою оглядової статті була систематизація інформації про можливі ланки патогенезу вікової макулярної дегенерації та виявлення потенційних поліморфізмів, що здатні ініціювати та модулювати активність цих ланок. Під час нашої роботи вдалось з’ясувати п’ять основних механізмів ураження власне судинної оболонки ока, на які впливають однонуклеотидні поліморфізми. Найбільшу спорідненість проявляли генетичні варіанти окремих ділянок CFH (rs1061170), HTRA1 (rs11200638), TNF (rs1800629), VEGF-A (rs2010963). Літературні дані, отримані з іноземних і вітчизняних джерел, що індексуються базами даних Scopus, Web of Science, зокрема за останні 5 років, приділяють виняткову увагу саме цим ділянкам як потенційним предикторам або модифікаторам патологічних процесів, що залучені в процес макулярної дегенерації. Попри велику кількість досліджень, що вивчають схильність, патогенез, діагностику та лікування вікової макулярної дегенерації і мають на меті зупинити поширення спровокованої нею втрати зору, лише декілька питань є досконало з’ясованими. Беручи до уваги успішні кейси застосування біологічної та генної терапії для лікування подібних пацієнтів, ми вбачаємо нові горизонти саме у детальному вивченні молекулярних взаємодій, що знаходяться в основі патології. Огляд знаходить підтвердження активної ролі поліморфізмів в одному з найактуальніших патологічних процесів людського ока.
Історичні аспекти офтальмопластики (одеська школа)
Authors: Yakimenko S.O. , Bobrova N.F. , Maletskiy A.P. , Petrenko O.V.
Published: December 2021

У роботі наведені основні віхи роботи одеської офтальмопластичної школи. В історичному ракурсі показано становлення та розвиток офтальмопластики починаючи з ХIХ століття і до наших днів, підкреслена безперервність її існування. Наведено відомості про низку видатних учених, які займаються проблемами орбіти та периорбітальної ділянки в Одесі. Особлива увага приділяється науковим розробкам із реконструктивної хірургії патології допоміжного апарату ока та орбіти в пацієнтів дитячого віку. Використання накопиченого досвіду дозволить сучасним офтальмопластичним хірургам широко впроваджувати та вдосконалювати найкращі методи та способи реконструктивно-відновлювальних операцій на допоміжному апараті ока та периорбітальній ділянці.
Designing Indicators for a Placement Test: Drawbacks and Affordances
Authors: Amorim Gabriel Brito
Published: December 2021

One of the greatest challenges when it comes to assessment is the lack of clarity in the objectives or, to make it worse, the absence of objectives whatsoever for what results the curriculum, course, or the test instrument wishes to achieve. According to Raupp and Reichle (2003), this kind of information usually exists as expectations pushing the examiner to transform expectations, general goals or poorly stated objectives into measurable objectives. Raupp and Reichle (2003) emphasize that very precise indicators need to be written or selected to measure whether or not the course/curriculum objectives proposed were achieved. However, this job becomes rather challenging when objectives are not clearly stated or are too vague. Indicators, then, ideally, resonate curricular goals, teaching methodologies, and testing. If one of these components is not well calibrated or is dissonant with the others, the whole assessment process is jeopardized (CEFRL, 2007). Indicators for placement testing, then, need to be carefully written or selected so that they can reflect an intended proficiency level as well as the school’s curricular goals, teaching methodologies, and testing procedures (Brown, 2004; Richards, 2009). At the Federal University of Espírito Santo’s Language Center (CL), the discontentment of instructors and coordination staff with the lack of reliability, validity and practicality with the CL’s placement test motivated debates and work on the refinement of the indicators used for the referred exam. Through a literature review and with a practical example from a language center in Brazil, this paper addresses how teachers/practitioners can make informed decisions to write or select their own indicators for placement testing and, therefore, monitor the progress of their students and/or the success or pitfalls of their classes/programs/curricula and plan for possible welcome changes.
Las fundaciones empresariales y la agendación de políticas públicas mediante la gestión de redes de actores: el caso de NiñezYA en Colombia
Authors:   Medellín Cómo Vamos, Garay Natalia , Leyva Santiago , Turriago Carolina ,   Universidad EAFIT,   Fundación Éxito
Published: December 2021

This article explores the possibilities of network management to increase the capacity of business foundations to exert influence on the process of agenda-setting in public policies. This case illustrates how three foundations (Éxito Foundation, Alpina Foundation and ALAS Foundation) helped to coordinate one hundred civil society organizations to influence the Colombian National Development Plan (2018-2022). The case shows that business foundations can play an important role in setting the policy agenda by working as articulators of multiple fragmented actors of civil society. The article details the specific mechanisms used to pursue this articulation through the creation of a policy network known as NiñezYA. This in turn suggests that other foundations and NGOs could use the same strategies to increase their influence in policy making.
Artificial Intelligence and Threat to Humanity
Authors: Kulkarni Rajesh
Published: December 2021

Abstract: AI is growing in popular technology with various uses can be seen in many aspects of life. AI has many positive effects and creates social benefits. AI applications can improve health and living conditions, facilitate justice, create wealth, enhance public safety, and reduce the impact of human activities on the environment and climate (Montreal Declaration 2018). AI is a tool that can help people do their jobs faster and better, creating many benefits. But, beyond that, AI can also facilitate new tasks, for example by analyzing research data on an unprecedented scale, thus creating an expectation of scientific knowledge. can be beneficial in all aspects of life. In this paper we are describing negative effects of AI. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, ML, Artificialgeneral intelligence · Socio-technical systems
Rise of Online Communication during COVID-19
Authors: Gupta Tushar
Published: December 2021

Abstract: With the rise in the use for social media and online communication applications has increased over the last year as a result of the pandemic, especially office work and education shifting to online mode, apps like these have gained extensive popularity and have turned out to be a savior for the world. Our innovation, Adept, is a platform used by people for work related communication and aims for college students too. It has many benefits over other messaging platforms in the market. Thus, Adept is a web messaging app that resembles its major features as the outcome of this project. This project is a challenging project for us, giving us the opportunity to work on a full stack idea that can easily find itself a place in the real world and the industry as a viable and useful product. Keywords: Professional Communication, Web messaging, Student platform, Online communication
Testing Tool Material on Scratch Tester
Authors: Salunke Saurav
Published: December 2021

Abstract: In manufacturing industry cutting tools are considered as the backbone of the metal cutting operation. In metal cutting operation there is relative motion between the tool and the workpiece. As the tool material is harder than the workpiece material, there is deformation of the workpiece which acts as a base for the formation of chips. If we observe the process of metal cutting, we can easily find out that there is a considerable amount of heat generated during the machining operation. As there is a point of interface between the tool and the workpiece, there is absorption of generated heat into both the tool as well as work material. Due to the absorption of the heat there is distortion in the tool material. In this research article we have taken the base parameters as speed, load and stroke and the output parameter is taken as the load which breaks the coating of the tool. Keywords: tool coating, scratch tester, speed, stroke, coating.
Mediatization in New Normal: Reversive Paradigms and Provoking Transgression?
Authors: Shilina Marina G.
Published: December 2021

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New Strategies of Omni-Mediatization of the Public Policy in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kussainova Mariyamgul M.
Published: December 2021

In the context of the accelerated development of new media and the growth of e-democracy, the mediatization of Kazakhstani politics is entering a new digital-driven stage of development. The authors approach relevance lies in studying the modern digital-driven strategy of Kazakhstani political communication and identifying methods of influence of political parties on the electorate, manipulative media forms on certain segments of the electorate from the opposition. The article presents an analysis of the main strategic resources of the politics mediatization and of their impact. Moreover, it reveals the influence tendencies of the political mediatization, the political communication in society and with party stakeholders. The author attempts to analyze the methods and formats of transmedia storytelling in the social networks on the Internet for the political leaders communication shaping, social and political dialogue building. The research material included the election campaigns of parliamentary and unregistered parties texts in Kazakhstani social media, the posts / publications on social networks during the first ever primaries in the countrys history and the parliamentary elections of 2019 and 2021.
Personal User’s Communicative Competence of “Mediatized World” Construction
Authors: Chankova Elena V. , Sorokin Oleg V.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of this article is determined by the growing ubiquitous digitalization of mediatized communications, including under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021. The consequence of this process is the transformation of the structure of social space and approval of virtual interaction as a basic method of communication - instead of interpersonal. These transformations entail institutional changes, manifested in axiological and normative transitions of communicative space, semantic restructuring of communications under the influence of changing social reality. Induced by the technological infrastructure of communication, a mediatized social reality emerges, which also entails semantic changes in communication. All these circumstances actualize the phenomenon of communicative competence of an individual, which determines the effectiveness of interactions in the context of technological, semantic and institutional changes. The article presents some outcomes of empirical verification of communicative competence in contemporary Russian interaction practices. The phenomenon of hybridization of communicative competence during the transition of a person from the environment of real communications to the environment of virtual communications, contributes to the construction of mediatized social reality and expands his social reality. This ability of an individual and his communicative competence for transgression, combined with hybridity, is a factor in the integration of the communicative space of society with its contradictory characteristics.
Language consequences of modern psychological and information warfare in Russian mass-media: problem definition
Authors: Kopnina Galina A. , Koshkarova Natalya N. , Skovorodnikov Alexander P.
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the urgent and topical issue of political linguistics - the influence of information and psychological warfare on the Russian language. The aim of the paper is to describe the most frequent novices in the modern Russian language and speech which occur due to the domestic information and psychological warfare. The research was carried out on the basis of the mass-media texts, the traditional linguistic research methods were used (analysis and description, contextual and axiological analysis, etc.). As the result of the analysis the authors singled out both new and traditional words and word combinations which simultaneously serve as the weapon and the result of information and psychological warfare. Two groups of language (speech) means were defined: specialized (which perform the relevant evaluative function - either positive or negative) and non-specialized (which change the function depending on the context, the semantic ambivalent words and word combinations). The specialized means include pejorative words and word combinations: political labels, invectives, terribilitisms (bogey-words), delusions (trap-words), negatively connotative words, and euphemisms. Ameliorative means are not characteristic of information and psychological warfare, though words and word combinations are widely used which denote national concepts being the subject of information rivalry. Neutral language means in information and psychological warfare in the Russian language include terms and terminoids, naming various types of rivalries and technologies constituting them. The results obtained contribute to the development of the information and psychological warfare linguistics. Research perspectives encompass the refinement of some points and the analysis of information and psychological warfare language consequences in the light of linguistic ecology.
On the Question of Islamization of Ugrian Population in Western Siberia from the sixteenth to early eighteenth centuries and Some Aspects of Study of This Process
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Maslyuzhenko Denis N. , Samigulov Gayaz Kh. ,   South Ural State University
Published: December 2021

Research objectives: The reconstruction of the features of Islamization of the Ugrian population in Western Siberia from the sixteenth to early eighteenth centuries and some controversial points in the research of this process. Research materials: The present study was based on the analysis of published sources: chronicles, memoirs, and archaeological as well as historiographical data. Results and novelty of the research: The penetration of world religions, including Islam, into the taiga and tundra zone of Western Siberia in the late Middle Ages and Early Modern period is a relevant though insufficiently studied line of research. It is directly related to the issues of including these territories into the Russian state. However, in most cases the limited written and archaeological sources, characterizing the process of adoption of Islam by the local population, have led to the discussion adopting the same stereotyped plotlines. Most often, research has looked to characterize various possible factors possibly influencing the process of Islamization led by the representatives of Sufi tariqas, acting in the territory of the Shibanids within the ulus of Jochi, the Tyumen and Siberian Khanate in particular. A significant strengthening of the Muslims’ influence and their activity’s expansion is only revealed in the case of the last one. This process is automatically related to the Ugrian principalities connected with the Khanate, most often not in critical terms. At the same time, the analysis of chronicles mostly shows very limited possibilities of Islamic preaching outside the territory of various groups of Siberian Tatars. In such cases, prea­ching influenced either the representatives of the Ugrian elite alone, or reflected the domestic partnership of the Ugrians with Tatars. Under these conditions, the emergence of new approaches, which O.N. Naumenko and E.A. Naumenko claim in their works, force us to carefully analyze the proposed methods, sources, and results of the study of Islam among the West Siberian Ugrians. The work done in this regard shows that during the period under consideration, the adoption of Islam among the representatives of any groups of the Ob Ugrians would have been isolated incidents. As a rule, such episodes were connected with the elite of this society that was in close cooperation with the aristocracies of the Siberian Khanate. Dwelling in an interconnected way with the Turkic-Tatar population played a great role in this as well. Moreover, after the entry of Western Siberia into the Russian state, the number of such cases did not increase. On the contrary, sources define the Ostyaks and the Voguls as pagans. It is in this context that Orthodox preaching began among them.
Mosques with Flat Beam Ceiling of the Crimean Kha­nate Period
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zilivinskaya Emma D.
Published: December 2021

Research objectives: To study a group of mosques of Crimean Khanate’s period, namely, buildings with a flat beamed ceiling. To highlight various options for planning buildings and to search for their analogies. Research materials: Buildings of Crimean mosques from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, preserved to this day and known from archival materials. All Crimean mosques can be divided into two groups: domed buildings and buildings with flat beamed ceilings and a four-pitched roof. The second grouping is considered in this work. Research results: The consideration of a group of mosques with a flat rafter overlap allows us to divide them into two subgroups: basilicas and halls. The basilica constructions are rectangular buildings divided into naves by rows of columns or abutments supporting the beams. Buildings whose ceiling beams rest directly on the external walls can be attributed to hall mosques. Hall mosques, in turn, can be divided into square and rectangular in plan. Basilica mosques have been known in Crimea since the Golden Horde period. They have numerous analogies in the territory of Asia Minor where similar buildings appeared already in the twelfth century. In the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, a model of the official Seljuk mosque appeared on their basis. In the Ottoman period, the mosques of Asia Minor became mainly domed. In Crimea, along with the perception of the new fashion, the old Seljuk traditions were preserved. Rectangular hall constructions are simplified versions of basilicas, while square ones comprise the domed mosques. Novelty of the research: For the first time ever, an analysis of the complex of mosque buildings with flat beamed ceilings is carried out and various layout options are highlighted. In addition, a comparison is made with similar mosques both in Crimea of the Mongol period and Asia Minor of the Seljuk period.
Forms and channels of interaction of young compatriots with Russia in sociological dimension
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Vasileva E. I. , Zerchaninova T. E. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: December 2021

The article examines the system of interactions between the young Russian compatriots living abroad and Russia. The article considers the question of how closely young Russian compatriots are connected with Russia. The purpose of the study is to study the forms and channels of interaction of young Russian compatriots with Russia. The article is based on a study of the opinion of young members of the Russian community abroad. The empirical basis of the study is a questionnaire survey conducted in 54 foreign countries. The survey was conducted in groups in social networks and in organizations of Russian compatriots. 2042 respondents aged from 14 to 30 years inclusive were interviewed. Russian studies show that young Russian compatriots largely continue to preserve their Russian identity, identify themselves with the Russian people and speak Russian better than the language of their country of residence. Most of the young compatriots maintain close ties with Russia, which is confirmed by their personal visits to visit relatives, for the purpose of tourism in Russia, etc. A significant part of the interaction is outside the political space, but in the field of informal communication and mass culture, which determines the image of Russia and the people as a whole. The main communication channels are social networks, messengers and Internet resources. The development of centers for the study of the Russian language, education and culture, while expanding the resource base of state policy and its information campaign, can prove to be a powerful tool of the Russian public administration in the long term.