bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of preemptive pharmacogenetic testing and improvement of medication treatment satisfaction among medically underserved patients
Authors: Lteif Christelle , Eddy Elizabeth , Terrell Joshua , Cavallari Larisa H. , Malaty John , Duarte Julio D.
Published: November 2023

Previous findings suggest that medically underserved patients are prescribed medications with pharmacogenetic (PGx) guidelines at a high frequency. Thus, underserved patients may especially benefit from PGx testing, but little evidence exists regarding the effect of testing in this population. This pilot study aimed to generate key feasibility data and explore clinical outcomes of PGx implementation in underserved populations. Black and Latino patients were recruited from an outpatient clinic and underwent PGx testing. Feasibility measures included enrollment metrics and actionable genotype frequencies. The primary clinical outcome was patient medication treatment satisfaction 6 months after testing. Implementation outcomes included the number of healthcare provider encounters and medication changes within the 6‐month follow‐up. Effectiveness outcomes included medication adherence, patient‐perceived test value, and time spent discussing medications with providers. Ninety‐nine patients completed the study. Proton‐pump inhibitors were the most frequent PGx drug class prescribed at baseline (61%) followed by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (36%). Patients with an actionable genotype constituted 96% of the population, whereas 28% had an actionable genotype related to their PGx drug. Patient treatment satisfaction significantly increased over the 6 months after PGx testing. In addition, medication adherence and the number of provider encounters significantly increased over the study period. In a pilot study, preemptive PGx testing was feasible in primary care clinics, improved patient treatment satisfaction and adherence, and increased the number of provider encounters in medically underserved patients. Future clinical trials are warranted to assess the long‐term effects of PGx testing in a larger diverse patient population.
‘The convenience is a double‐edged sword’: Qualitative interviews with people who use online alcohol delivery services
Authors: Colbert Stephanie , Thornton Louise , Wilkinson Claire , Feng Xiaoqi , Richmond Robyn
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The past decade has seen a shift towards online purchasing and home delivery of alcohol, with this trend accelerated due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, research in this area is limited. This study aims to explore how and why people use online alcohol delivery services.

Methods

Semi‐structured qualitative interviews (mean = 12.5 min; range = 7–19.5 min) with a convenience sample of 40 Australians ≥18 years who purchase alcohol online for delivery at least once per month. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse and report the data.

Results

Three themes were generated. (i) The convenience is a ‘double‐edged sword’: almost all participants expressed that they use alcohol delivery services because they reduce difficulty in obtaining alcohol by saving time or energy/effort; however, for some this could lead them to purchase and consume more alcohol than they otherwise would have. (ii) Cost savings motivate online purchases: some participants expressed that they could access alcohol more cheaply online than in‐store due to promotions, cost‐comparisons and the ability to shop at low‐cost outlets. (iii) Initiating or increasing use during the COVID‐19 pandemic: for some people continued or increased use had been maintained as they had grown accustomed to the convenience or changed shopping habits.

Discussion and Conclusion

Participants purchased alcohol online for home delivery primarily for convenience; however, for some the convenience could lead them to purchase and consume more alcohol than they otherwise would have. Targeted improvements to the regulation of these services are needed to minimise the risks they may pose for alcohol harm.
Endoscopic evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures: Cholangioscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, or both?
Authors: Tang Raymond S. Y.
Published: November 2023

Accurate and timely diagnosis of biliary strictures can be challenging. Because the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography‐based tissue sampling for malignancy are suboptimal, additional endoscopic evaluation by cholangioscopy and/or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is often necessary to differentiate between malignant and benign biliary strictures to guide clinical management. While direct visualization by cholangioscopy and/or high‐resolution imaging by EUS are often the first step in the evaluation of an indeterminate biliary stricture (IDBS), tissue diagnosis by cholangioscopy‐guided biopsy and/or EUS‐guided fine‐needle tissue acquisition is the preferred modality to establish a diagnosis of malignancy. Because each modality has its own strengths and limitations, selection of cholangioscopy and EUS is best guided by the biliary stricture location and local expertise. Artificial intelligence‐assisted diagnosis, biopsy forceps with improved design, contrast‐enhanced EUS, and dedicated fine‐needle biopsy devices are recent technological advances that may further improve the diagnostic performance of cholangioscopy and EUS in patients with IDBS.
How co‐design can localize development programmes and reduce dependency: Examples from Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Devi Artila
Published: November 2023

Motivation

International donors commit around USD 2 billion every year to Pacific Island Countries (PICs). While the donors intend to help develop the Pacific, few of the projects they fund involve any more local involvement in their selection and planning beyond consultation with selected, often elite, or small groups of locals. It is even rarer to find projects that are localized or locally‐led.

Purpose

We ask whether it is possible to do more to localize donor‐funded development in the Pacific. We ask if co‐design between foreign and local specialists can localize development, by giving locals more agency, and by prioritizing indigenous knowledge.

Specifically, we review the Pacific eLearning Programme (PeP), funded by New Zealand and implemented in the Cook Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The programme works with Ministries of Education to design science content that reflects the country context for some ten or so schools in each nation. Co‐design includes use of indigenous dialogue [talanoa / tok stori / storian] to share, debate and learn between foreign and local specialists, and between specialists across the four countries.

Methods and approach

Evidence was gathered from pre‐ and post‐programme surveys. Further data was collected from comments written by the local co‐designers.

Findings

We found that kinship formed between locals and foreigners, based on mutual respect for the knowledge each group brought. This process empowered locals, valued their expertize and knowledge, and reduced dependency by prioritizing indigenous and local knowledge. Localization led to mutually beneficial outcomes.

Policy implications

Creation and implementation of policies that mandate localization through recruitment, use of indigenous methodologies, co‐design and recognition of local skills, knowledge and culture will help create trust with development partners, empower locals, exchange skills and knowledge between locals and foreigners, and reduce dependency.
Is there any robust evidence showing that SGLT2 inhibitor predisposes to cancer?
Authors: Copur Sidar , Yildiz Abdullah B. , Covic Adrian , Kanbay Mehmet
Published: November 2023

Background

The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of SGLT‐2 inhibitors in the development, progression or treatment of malignancies are not fully understood, but multiple hypotheses have been proposed. SGLT‐2 inhibitors have potential anti‐proliferative roles due to several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, such as inhibition of ATP production, activation of AMPK signalling, induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis, inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase activity and inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. However, heterogeneity among tumour cells and SGLT‐2 inhibitor drugs limit the generalizability of pre‐clinical studies.

Methods

This is a narrative review discussing the potential anti‐cancer effects of SGLT‐2 inhibitors, an oral glucose‐lowering medication used in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. This review discusses underlying mechanisms, pre‐clinical and clinical trial data, epidemiological data and future perspectives on the use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors in cancer treatment.

Results

Type II diabetes is linked to various comorbidities and malignancies, but some glucose‐slowering medications may have a preventive role in cancer. The use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors was associated with bladder cancer based on mice studies. However, meta‐analyses showed no significant increase in overall malignancy incidence of any specific type, except for empagliflozin and bladder cancer association. SGLT‐2 inhibitors can potentially reduce the heart damage caused by doxorubicin and sunitinib, while enhancing the anti‐cancer effects of doxorubicin. Combining SGLT‐2 inhibitors with doxorubicin may allow higher doses of chemotherapy use. Multiple ongoing clinical trials are investigating the potential therapeutic potential of SGLT‐2 inhibitors in various types of cancer.

Conclusion

More large‐scale pre‐clinical and clinical studies are needed to explore their potential preventive and therapeutic roles of SGLT‐2 inhibitors in cancer treatment. In this narrative review, our aim is to explore the pre‐clinical and clinical data regarding the potential anti‐cancer effects of SGLT‐2 inhibitors including the hypothetical pathophysiological mechanisms.
A comparison of live versus kill pitfall traps to assess the diet of carabids through a metabarcoding approach
Authors: Graux Yohann , Querejeta Marina , Gaba Sabrina , Bretagnolle Vincent , Boyer Stéphane
Published: November 2023

Metabarcoding approaches are powerful tools to unravel trophic relationships between predators and prey. To apply metabarcoding analyses on invertebrate gut contents, specimens must be well preserved from DNA degradation, thus the trapping method should be selected accordingly. Dry pitfall traps are commonly assumed to provide a better DNA preservation than traps that use a killing agent. However, this assumption has never been specifically tested for gut content analyses. In our study, we compared how two types of pitfall trapping, dry vs. with brine, affect the conservation of prey DNA contained in the digestive tract of predators and subsequent metabarcoding analyses. We placed dry and ‘classic’ pitfall traps in oilseed rape fields within an intensive agricultural area in the French Nouvelle‐Aquitaine region. Traps were set up in autumn and compared for carabid trapping efficiency as well as our capacity to retrieve dietary information from the digestive tract of the main carabid species, Nebria salina (Fairmaire & Laboulbène) and Calathus fuscipes (Goeze) (both Coleoptera: Carabidae). The PCR success rate was higher in dry pitfall traps compared to classic ones for N. salina. We hypothesise that this was due to the presence of PCR inhibitors in the gut of this species. The ability to sequence prey DNA did not differ between specimens caught in both trap types. The list of preyed species was similar between both trap types. However, sequencing yielded more prey operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from specimens caught in dry pitfall traps, leading to differences in prey community composition and a greater ability to reconstruct prey community. Our analyses also shed light on the prey spectrum of C. fuscipes and N. salina in oilseed rape in autumn.
Cortical synaptic basis of consciousness
Authors: Zhuo Min
Published: November 2023

Consciousness is one of final questions for humans to tackle in neuroscience. Due to a lack of understanding of basic brain networks and mechanisms of functions, our knowledge of consciousness mainly stays at a theoretical level. Recent studies using brain imaging in humans and modern neuroscience techniques in animal studies reveal the basic brain network for consciousness. The projection from the thalamus to different cortical regions forms a network of activities to maintain consciousness in humans and animals. These feedback and feedforward circuits maintain consciousness even in certain brain injury conditions. Pterions and ion channels that contribute to these circuit neural activities are targets for drugs and manipulations that affect consciousness such as anesthetic agents. Synaptic plasticity that trains synapses during learning and information recall modified the circuits and contributes to a high level of consciousness in a certain population.
Surgical closure of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks improves symptoms in patients with superficial siderosis
Authors: El Rahal Amir , Haupt Benedikt , Fung Christian , Cipriani Debora , Häni Levin , Lützen Niklas , Dobrocky Tomas , Piechowiak Eike , Schnell Oliver , Raabe Andreas , Wolf Katharina , Urbach Horst , Kraus Luisa Mona , Volz Florian , Beck Jürgen
Published: November 2023

Background and purpose

Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks may cause a myriad of symptoms, most common being orthostatic headache. In addition, ventral spinal CSF leaks are a possible etiology of superficial siderosis (SS), a rare condition characterized by hemosiderin deposits in the central nervous system (CNS). The classical presentation of SS involves ataxia, bilateral hearing loss, and myelopathy. Unfortunately, treatment options are scarce. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether microsurgical closure of CSF leaks can prevent further clinical deterioration or improve symptoms of SS.

Methods

This cohort study was conducted using data from a prospectively maintained database in two large spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) referral centers in Germany and Switzerland of patients who meet the modified International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria for SIH. Patients with spinal CSF leaks were screened for the presence of idiopathic infratentorial symmetric SS of the CNS.

Results

Twelve patients were included. The median latency between the onset of orthostatic headaches and symptoms attributed to SS was 9.5 years. After surgical closure of the underlying spinal CSF leak, symptoms attributed to SS improved in seven patients and remained stable in three. Patients who presented within 1 year after the onset of SS symptoms improved, but those who presented in 8–12 years did not improve. We could show a significant association between patients with spinal longitudinal extrathecal collections and SS.

Conclusions

Long‐standing untreated ventral spinal CSF leaks can lead to SS of the CNS, and microsurgical sealing of spinal CSF leaks might stop progression and improve symptoms in patients with SS in a time‐dependent manner.
Optimal cardiovascular health is associated with slower cognitive decline
Authors: Ferreira Naomi Vidal , Gonçalves Natalia Gomes , Szlejf Claudia , Goulart Alessandra C. , de Souza Santos Itamar , Duncan Bruce B. , Schmidt Maria Inês , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Caramelli Paulo , Feter Natan , Castilhos Raphael Machado , Drager Luciano F. , Lotufo Paulo , Benseñor Isabela , Suemoto Claudia Kimie
Published: November 2023

Background

Life's Simple 7, a lifestyle and cardiovascular index associated with cognition, has been updated to Life's Essential 8 (LE8) to include sleep. LE8 has been related to cardiovascular outcomes but its association with cognition is unclear.

Methods

In this longitudinal analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil), LE8 score was based on health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep health) as well as health‐related factors (body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure). Cognition was assessed in three waves, 4 years apart, using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease – Word List, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, the Trail‐Making Test B (TMT‐B), and a global composite score. We used linear mixed‐model analysis, inverse probability weighting, and interaction analysis.

Results

At baseline, the mean age of the study cohort was 51.4 ± 8.9 years, 56% were women, and 53% were White. Higher baseline LE8 scores were associated with slower decline in global cognition (β = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001, 0.002; p < 0.001), memory (β = 0.001, 95% CI 0.000, 0.002; p = 0.013), verbal fluency (β = 0.001, 95% CI 0.000, 0.002; p = 0.003), and TMT‐B (β = 0.004, 95% CI 0.003, 0.005; p < 0.001). This association was mainly driven by LE8 health factors, particularly blood glucose and blood pressure. Age, sex, and race were modifiers of the association between LE8 and global cognitive decline (p < 0.001), suggesting it was more pronounced in older, male, and Black participants.

Conclusions

Higher baseline LE8 scores were associated with slower global and domain‐specific cognitive decline during 8 years of follow‐up, mainly due to health factors such as blood glucose and blood pressure. Sociodemographic factors were modifiers of this association.
Reporting the biodiversity impacts of greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Mokany Karel , Giljohann Katherine M. , Ware Chris
Published: November 2023

There are increasing demands for organisations and governments to report their biodiversity impacts, yet there are limited methods to account for the consequences of emitting greenhouse gases on global biodiversity. We use published evidence to derive a conversion factor of approximately 2.3 × 10−7 species expected to be committed to extinction per tCO2e emitted. We demonstrate how this conversion factor can be used to account for emissions‐related biodiversity impacts of organisations and nations.
Nest attachment, rather than nest type, correlates with passerine bird brain size
Authors: Leite Abraão B. , Camacho Agustín , Francisco Mercival R.
Published: November 2023

Variation in relative interspecific brain size has been correlated with cognitive capacities in different animal groups. Bird nest construction is one of the most remarkable animal abilities, and has reached the highest diversification in the Passeriformes. Yet, its relationship with brain size is not fully understood. Here, we used a dataset of 455 species to address potential correlations between nest types (open and enclosed) and five categories of nest attachment mode, as well as a set of covariables, with relative brain mass (Rbmass) of passerine birds. Bayesian regression modelling with phylogenetic control revealed that nest attachment mode, rather than nest type, was associated with Rbmass variation, despite the strong effects of habitat, migration and phylogeny. A phylogenetic confirmatory path analysis suggested that Rbmass and nest attachment can interact via a direct evolutionary link and also through an indirect link mediated through habitat (vegetation density). Phylogenetic ridge regression indicated that Top suspended nests were associated with species close to a maximum relative brain size, and that Rim suspended nests were associated with brain size radiations and probably with the exploration of new ecological niches. Our study provides evidence that the construction of nests with different attachment modes requires different levels of cognitive abilities, and we provide insights into the relationships between passerine brain size and nest attachment diversification.
Comparative efficacy of multiple non‐pharmacological interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: A network meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yin Zihan , Li Yaqin , Bao Qiongnan , Zhang Xinyue , Xia Manze , Zhong Wanqi , Wu Kexin , Yao Jin , Chen Zhenghong , Sun Mingsheng , Zhao Ling , Liang Fanrong
Published: November 2023

Non‐pharmacological interventions can improve the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, the optimal non‐pharmacological treatments remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of multiple non‐pharmacological methods and identify the optimal therapy for BPSD. Potential randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were searched and selected from 15 databases and sources from the inception of the databases until 1 October 2022. Two independent authors implemented study screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. Primary outcome was reduction of Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). The secondary outcome were changes of Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL‐AD), the Abilities of Daily Living scale, and the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Meta‐analyses were performed using STATA v15.0 and ADDIS v1.16.8. The GRADE approaches were utilised to evaluate evidence quality. The present study included 43 RCTs with 4978 participants. The global methodological quality of the RCTs was moderate. Regarding NPI reduction, with moderate‐certainty evidence, exercise plus treatment as usual (TAU) outperformed TAU (mean difference [MD]: −7.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −13.22, −0.76) and ranked as the optimal treatment. For reduction in CSDD, with low‐ to moderate‐certainty evidence, massage plus TAU (MD: −15.26; 95% CI: −20.13, −10.52) and music plus TAU (MD: −2.40; 95% CI: −4.62, −0.12) were associated with greater reduction compared with TAU. For reduction in CMAI, with moderate‐certainty evidence, aromatherapy plus massage (MD: −15.84; 95% CI: −29.76, −2.42) and massage plus music (MD: −13.12; 95% CI: −25.43, −0.76) were significantly more effective than TAU. For improvement in QoL‐AD, with critically low‐ to low‐certainty evidence, there were no statistical differences between any of non‐pharmacological treatments and TAU. Due to the limited number of included studies, network meta‐analysis was not performed for other outcomes. In conclusion, non‐pharmacological treatments are effective for overall symptoms, depression, and agitation. Exercise plus treatment as usual may be an optimal non‐pharmacological intervention for improving the overall BPSD. This may help to guide patients, doctors, and policymakers.
Modifying the clinical reasoning cycle to enhance forensic mental health nursing utility
Authors: Maguire Tessa , Ryan Jo , Levett‐Jones Tracy , Olasoji Michael , Garvey Loretta
Published: November 2023

Forensic mental health nursing is a specialty area of practice requiring specific knowledge and skills to work collaboratively with consumers. The Clinical Reasoning Cycle has been recognised as a potential framework to support nursing practice; however, it has been identified that adaptations are required to enhance utility in a forensic mental health services. The aim of this study was to explore and finalise a version of the cycle for forensic mental health nursing practice. Focus groups and interviews were used to explore adaptations with staff from a state‐wide forensic service and forensic mental health nursing academics. Data were thematically analysed. Four main themes were interpreted: (1) allegiance to the Nursing Process, (2) moving the cycle from page to practice, (3) working as a team, or not, and (4) implementation will be a marathon and not a sprint. While nursing academics were more in favour of updating the Nursing Process to ensure contemporary practice is captured, staff from the service were supportive of the adapted cycle but emphasised the need to ensure collaboration with the consumer and their supporters. The adapted cycle was seen to articulate the contribution of forensic mental health nursing care, and support for a nursing‐specific cycle was embraced by other disciplines, despite some hesitation from nurses. Prior to implementation there is a need to ensure the merits of the cycle are clearly articulated, along with a range of resources and specific contextual information to ensure the cycle can be successfully applied to enhance nursing practice and consumer care.
Exploring NK‐Cell molecules that impact the immune response and microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shao Peng , Hu Wei‐Wei , Shi Xin‐lian , Shu Ming‐yang , Li Dong‐Ya , Zhou Tingting , Zhao Qi‐Tao
Published: November 2023

NK cells play a role in various cancers, but their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still needs to be explored. All public data are obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. All analysis was performed using specific packages in R software. In our study, we quantified the immune microenvironment of HNSCC through multiple algorithms. Next, we identified NK cell‐associated genes by quantifying NK cells, including SSNA1, TRIR, PAXX, DPP7, WDR34, EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1. Then, we explored the single‐cell expression pattern of these genes in the HNSCC microenvironment. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1 were related to the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Following this, we selected EZR for further analysis. Our results showed that the patients with high EZR expression might have a poor prognosis and worse clinical features. Biological enrichment analysis showed that EZR is associated with many oncogenic pathways and a higher tumour stemness index. Meanwhile, we found that EZR can remodel the immune microenvironment of HNSCC. Moreover, we noticed that EZR could affect the immunotherapy and specific drug sensitivity, making it an underlying clinical target. In summary, our results can improve the understanding of NK cell in HNSCC. Meanwhile, we identified EZR as the underlying clinical target of HNSCC.
Exploring the causal relationship between periodontitis and gut microbiome: Unveiling the oral–gut and gut–oral axes through bidirectional Mendelian randomization
Authors: Chen Hang , Peng Limin , Wang Zhenxiang , He Yujuan , Zhang Xiaonan
Published: November 2023

Aim

This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the potential bidirectional causal relationship between the gut microbiome (GM) and periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

We used genetic instruments from the genome‐wide association study of European descent for periodontitis from the GeneLifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium (17,353 cases and 28,210 controls) and the FinnGen consortium (4434 cases and 259,234 controls) to investigate the causal relationship with GM (the MiBioGen consortium, 18,340 samples), and vice versa. Several MR techniques, which include inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode and weighted mode approaches, were employed to investigate the causal relationship between the exposures and the outcomes. Cochran's Q‐test was performed to detect heterogeneity. The MR‐Egger regression intercept and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR‐PRESSO) were conducted to test potential horizontal pleiotropy. Leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses were used to assess the stabilities of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Finally, the IVW results from the two databases were analysed using meta‐analysis.

Results

We confirmed three potential causal relationships between GM taxa and periodontitis at the genus level. Among them, the genera Alistipes and Holdemanella were genetically associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. In reverse, periodontitis may lead to a decreased abundance of the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG014.

Conclusions

The demonstration of a causal link between GM and periodontitis provides compelling evidence, highlighting the interconnectivity and interdependence of the gut–oral and oral–gut axes.
Nocardiosis and other common diseases of cultured golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) in Taiwan
Authors: Yan Wei‐Xiao , Tseng Yu‐Han , Huang Wen‐Rou , Cheng Li‐Wu , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu
Published: November 2023

Golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is a carnivorous teleost cultured in the Asia‐Pacific region. Fish culture in high densities and numbers results in disease outbreaks, causing huge economic losses. Here, we collected cultured golden pompanos from 2021 to 2022 and identified the pathogens isolated from the diseased fish. Out of a total of 64 clinical cases observed in both sea cages and fish ponds, it was found that Nocardia seriolae was the predominant pathogen (26%), followed by Lactococcus garvieae (13%). Trichodina spp. was the most prevalent parasite in sea cages and earthen ponds (21%), while Neobenedenia spp. was the primary parasitic pathogen (16%) in sea cages. Given these findings, further investigations were conducted, including antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity tests specific to N. seriolae in golden pompanos. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of N. seriolae revealed that all strains were susceptible to doxycycline, oxytetracycline, florfenicol and erythromycin but resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. Additionally, a pathogenicity assessment was carried out by administering an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL containing 107 CFU of N. seriolae per fish. The mortality rates observed varied between 40% and 90%, with the P2 strain exhibiting the highest level of virulence, resulting in a cumulative mortality of 90%. Therefore, disease outbreaks in fish can be minimized by developing effective treatments and prevention methods.
Factors associated with disagreement between clinician app‐based ultra‐brief Confusion Assessment Method and reference standard delirium assessments
Authors: Dhliwayo Rejoice , Trivedi Shrunjal , Ngo Long , Fick Donna M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Boltz Marie , Leslie Douglas , Husser Erica , Shrestha Priyanka , Marcantonio Edward R.
Published: November 2023

Background

Recently, the Ultra‐Brief Confusion Assessment Method (UB‐CAM), designed to help physicians and nurses to recognize delirium, showed high, but imperfect, accuracy compared with Research Reference Standard Delirium Assessments (RRSDAs). The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with disagreement between clinicians' app‐based UB‐CAM assessments and RRSDAs.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a prospective diagnostic test study. The study was conducted at two hospitals and included 527 inpatients (≥70 years old) and 289 clinicians (53 physicians, 236 nurses). Trained research associates performed RRSDAs and determined delirium presence using the CAM. Clinicians administered the UB‐CAM using an iPad app. Disagreement factors considered were clinician, patient, and delirium characteristics. We report odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

One thousand seven hundred and ninety‐five clinician UB‐CAM assessments paired with RRSDAs were administered. The prevalence of delirium was 17%. The rate of disagreement between clinician UB‐CAM assessments and RRSDAs was 12%. Significant factors associated with disagreement between clinician UB‐CAM assessments and RRSDAs (OR [95% CI]) included: presence of dementia (2.7 [1.8–4.1]), patient education high school or less (1.9 [1.3–2.9]), psychomotor retardation (2.5 [1.4–4.2]), and the presence of mild delirium or subsyndromal delirium (5.5 [3.5–8.7]). Significant risk factors for false negatives were patient age less than 80 (2.2 [1.1–4.3]) and mild delirium (3.5 [1.6–7.4]). Significant risk factors for false positives were presence of dementia (4.0 [2.3–7.0]), subsyndromal delirium (5.1 [2.9–9.1]), and patient education high school or less (2.0 [1.2–3.6]). Clinician characteristics were not significantly associated with disagreement.

Conclusions

The strongest factors associated with disagreement between clinician UB‐CAM screens and RRSDAs were the presence of dementia and subsyndromal delirium as risk factors for false positives, and mild delirium and younger age as a risk factor for false negatives. These disagreement factors contrast with previous studies of risk factors for incorrect clinician delirium screening, and better align screening results with patient outcomes.
Older adults' lived experiences of physical rehabilitation for acquired brain injury and their perceptions of well‐being: A qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Lafiatoglou Panagiota , Ellis‐Hill Caroline , Gouva Mary , Ploumis Avraam , Mantzoukas Stefanos
Published: November 2023

Aim

To explore the experiences of older adults (65+) living with acquired brain injury regarding their sense of well‐being during physical rehabilitation within the Greek Healthcare System.

Background

With the increasing ageing population and the life‐changing effects of acquired brain injury, there is a need to focus on care for older people and their potential to live well. Rehabilitation systems deserve greater attention, especially in improving the well‐being of those who are using them.

Design

A qualitative study design with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used.

Methods

Fourteen older adults living with acquired brain injury and undergoing physical rehabilitation in Greece were purposively sampled. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to collect data and were thematically analysed using van Manen's and Clarke and Braun's methods. The COREQ checklist was followed.

Results

Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Challenges of new life situation, (2) Seeking emotional and practical support through social interaction, (3) Identifying contextual processes of rehabilitation, (4) Realising the new self.

Conclusions

The subjective experiences, intersubjective relations and contextual conditions influence the sense of well‐being among older adults living with acquired brain injury, thus impacting the realisation of their new self. The study makes the notion of well‐being a more tangible concept by relating it to the degree of adaptation to the new situation and the potential for older adults to create a future whilst living with acquired brain injury.

Relevance for Clinical Practice

Identifying the factors that impact older adults' sense of well‐being during rehabilitation can guide healthcare professionals in enhancing the quality of care offered and providing more dignified and humanising care.

Patient or Public Contribution

Older adults living with acquired brain injury were involved in the study as participants providing the research data.
Transfusions in autoimmune hemolytic anemias: Frequency and clinical significance of alloimmunization
Authors: Versino Francesco , Revelli Nicoletta , Villa Stefania , Pettine Loredana , Zaninoni Anna , Prati Daniele , Passamonti Francesco , Barcellini Wilma , Fattizzo Bruno
Published: November 2023

Background

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may be associated with transfusion reactions and risk of alloimmunization.

Objectives

To evaluate the transfusion policy and rate of alloimmunization and its clinical significance in AIHA.

Methods

Data from 305 AIHA patients followed at a reference hematologic Center in Milan, Italy from 1997 to 2022 were retrospectively/prospectively collected (NCT05931718).

Results

Overall, 33% patients required transfusions with a response rate of 83% and eight transfusion reactions (7%), none hemolytic. Alloantibodies were detected in 19% of patients, being associated with higher transfusion burden (p = 0.01), lower Hb increase post‐transfusion (p = 0.05), and transfusion reactions (p = 0.04). Along decades, the rate of RBC transfusions decreased from 53% to 20% and that of alloimmunization dropped from 30% to 6% likely due to the adoption of prestorage leukoreduction, the use of more restrictive Hb thresholds, and the implementation of molecular typing.

Conclusions

Severe symptomatic AIHA may be safely transfused provided appropriate matching of patients and donors.
The emotional labour of judges in jury trials
Authors: BARRY COLETTE , WESTABY CHALEN , COEN MARK , HOWLIN NIAMH
Published: November 2023

Judges are required to suppress and manage their own emotions as well as those of other court users and staff in their everyday work. Previous studies have examined the complex emotional labour undertaken by judges, but there is limited research on the emotion management performed by judges in their interactions with jurors. Drawing on a qualitative study of judge–jury relations in criminal trials in Ireland, we illustrate how judges learn and habituate emotional labour practices through informal and indirect processes. Judges described managing their emotions to demonstrate impartiality and objectivity. Their accounts also underline the importance of balancing presentations of neutrality with empathy, as well as being mindful of the potential emotional toll of jury service on jurors.
The AI‐augmented crowd: How human crowdvoters adopt AI (or not)
Authors: Freisinger Elena , Unfried Matthias , Schneider Sabrina
Published: November 2023

To date, innovation management research on idea evaluation has focused on human experts and crowd evaluators. With recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), idea evaluation and selection processes need to keep up. As a result, the potential role of AI‐enabled systems in idea evaluation has become an important topic in innovation management research and practice. While AI can help overcome human capacity constraints and biases, prior research has identified also aversive behaviors of humans toward AI. However, research has also shown lay people's appreciation of AI. This study focuses on human crowdvoters’ AI adoption behavior. More precisely, we focus on gig workers, who despite often lacking expert knowledge are frequently engaged in crowdvoting. To investigate crowdvoters' AI adoption behavior, we conducted a behavioral experimental study (n = 629) with incentive‐compatible rewards in a human‐AI augmentation scenario. The participants had to predict the success or failure of crowd‐generated ideas. In multiple rounds, participants could opt to delegate their decisions to an AI‐enabled system or to make their own evaluations. Our findings contribute to the innovation management literature on open innovation, more specifically crowdvoting, by observing how human crowdvoters engage with AI. In addition to showing that the lay status of gig workers does not lead to an appreciation of AI, we identify factors that foster AI adoption in this specific innovation context. We hereby find mixed support for influencing factors previously identified in other contexts, including financial incentives, social incentives, and the provision of information about AI‐enabled system's functionality. A second novel contribution of our empirical study is, however, the fading of crowdvoters’ aversive behavior over time.
Clinical teaching practices in maternal mental health care: An integrated review
Authors: Hussein Chrissie Rashidi , Baluwa Masumbuko , Bvumbwe Thokozani
Published: November 2023

Accessible Summary

What is known about the topic?

Mental health‐related problems in pregnancy are now becoming a global health concern. However, most studies have reported that midwives are unable to assess and support maternal mothers due to poor preservice education. The findings of these studies needed to be explored further from the available literature to address the gap.

What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

The paper has identified maternal mental health core competencies and innovative clinical teaching strategies that nurse educators can utilize when supporting students theoretically and during clinical practice so that students should be adequately prepared for maternal mental health practice.

Challenges and recommendations for clinical teaching were also identified. However, there are still gaps in the literature related to the effectiveness of teaching strategies to promote competence acquisition in maternal mental health.

What are the implications for education?

The study results can be used by nurse educators to develop effective clinical teaching practices in maternal mental health care. The findings can be used in the development of best clinical teaching guidelines for maternal or perinatal mental health to be used by nurse educators for the undergraduate midwifery training programmes.

Introduction

Maternal mental health problems are commonly experienced by women; however, they are usually not adequately recognized and treated by midwives in Malawi. Evidence suggests poor preservice education by nursing colleges which affects the development of essential maternal mental health competencies.

Aim

The aim of the study was to review existing evidence on clinical teaching practices by nurse educators in teaching student midwives maternal mental health care.

Method

Integrative review method was used, and various databases were searched. Out of 1768 articles, 27 research articles met the inclusion criteria. The critical appraisal skills programme checklist tools were used to assess data quality. Thematic analysis was done by comparing, grouping and integrating data.

Results

Six themes emerged, namely: core maternal mental health competencies, professional regulation, interactive teaching strategies, collaborative partnerships, capacity building and shortage of resources.

Discussion

Clinical teaching is an important aspect of midwifery education. Utilizing student‐centred teaching approaches helps students acquire competencies in maternal mental health care. Further research is required to identify the effectiveness of the clinical teaching methods.

The Implication to Practice

The study results can assist nurse educators to provide comprehensive clinical teaching practices in maternal mental health care which will aid in the development of maternal mental health competencies among student midwives.
Tolerability of long‐term cannabidiol supplementation to healthy adult dogs
Authors: Corsato Alvarenga Isabella , Wilson Kim M. , McGrath Stephanie
Published: November 2023

Background

Cannabidiol (CBD) has therapeutic potential in companion animals. Shorter‐term studies have determined that CBD is well tolerated in dogs with mild adverse effects and an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. There is need to assess CBD's long‐term tolerability.

Hypothesis

Determine the long‐term tolerability of CBD administered PO to healthy dogs for 36 weeks at dosages of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day. Our hypothesis was that CBD would be well tolerated by dogs.

Methods

Eighteen healthy adult beagle dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 6 each that received 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg BW/day CBD PO. Dogs were adapted to their housing for 3 weeks and received treatment for 36 weeks once daily with food. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded daily. Blood biochemistry profiles were monitored every 4 weeks. Data were analyzed as repeated measures over time using a mixed model, with significance at α = 0.05.

Results

The 0 and 5 mg/kg treatment groups had similar fecal scores, and the 10 mg/kg treatment group had higher frequency of soft feces. No other significant AEs were noted. An increase (P < .0001) in ALP activity occurred in groups that received CBD. Remaining blood variables were within reference range.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Chronic administration of CBD in healthy dogs at 5 mg/kg was better tolerated than 10 mg/kg, and both dosages caused an increase in ALP activity. Although our data does not indicate hepatic damage, it is recommended to monitor liver function in dogs receiving CBD chronically.
Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline hyclate in pigs with a new feed premix formulation
Authors: Zermeño‐Acosta Mónica , Sumano Héctor , Villar Jorge Luna‐del , Bernad Maria Josefa , Gutiérrez Lilia
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the administration of doxycycline hyclate in a long‐acting pharmaceutical preparation in pigs when administered either ad libitum as a feed medication or an oral bolus dose. In all instances, the studied dose was 20 mg/kg b.w. A total of 48 healthy crossbred, castrated male pigs (Landrace‐Yorkshire) weighing 23 ± 4.3 kg were included in this trial. They were randomly assigned to six groups as follows: two groups for the experimental prototype 1 of doxycycline hyclate administering it ad libitum (Fad‐lib) or as forced bolus (Fbolus); two groups for the experimental prototype 2 of doxycycline hyclate as for the former groups (FCad‐lib and FCbolus), and two control groups receiving the same dose of doxycycline hyclate, but of a commercial premix, also as previously explained (Cbolus and Cad‐lib). Statistical analysis of the mean pharmacokinetic values was carried out with Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's tests. The relative bioavailability (Fr) of the best prototype, when administered ad libitum (FCad‐lib), was five times larger than the reference group (Cadlib). These results allow the proposal that the referred differences achieved in the presented prototypes can mark a notable clinical difference, particularly in pathogens with some resistance.
Repetition and Incidental Learning of Multiword Units: A Conceptual Multisite Replication Study of Webb, Newton, and Chang (2013)
Authors: Peters Elke , Puimège Eva , Szudarski Paweł
Published: November 2023

This multisite study replicates Webb, Newton, and Chang's (2013) study on the effect of repetition on incidental learning of multiword units (MWUs). Even though more researchers have started to investigate MWUs, most data have been collected from university students. Furthermore, the large effect of MWU repetition on learning reported by Webb et al. has not yet been corroborated. Data in our study were collected from two university samples (EFL students in Poland and Flanders) and one nonuniversity sample (Flemish EFL learners in secondary schools). Unlike Webb et al., we adopted a counterbalanced within‐participants design. Participants read and listened to a modified graded reader in which target MWUs occurred 1, 5, 10, or 15 times. In line with the initial study, we found a positive effect of repetition. However, the learning gains were smaller, and the number of repetitions needed was different. The findings were consistent across the university and nonuniversity samples. The study concludes with a discussion of these findings in relation to both pedagogical implications and the benefits of multisite replication research.
Cyberbullying: Differentiating offenders criminal roles using a narrative‐based approach
Authors: Fumagalli Anita , Trayford Tori Jillings , Chrysikos Alexandros
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The majority of research conducted into cyberbullying tends to focus on the victims, due to the serious consequences and effects that this crime has on them. However, there is a need to explore, categorize and identify cyberbullies and their characteristics so that inferences and crime links can be made to prevent the crime. The present study aimed to investigate whether the Narrative Action System Model (NASM) could be used to identify and examine the psychological underpinnings of different cyberbully offending styles.

Methods

This model proposes four distinct narrative offender styles: the Professional, The Revenger, The Hero and the Victim. A total of 70 cases were analysed using a non‐metric multidimensional scaling procedure (Smallest Space Analysis I).

Results

Results produced four types of cyberbully styles, which can be related to the differentiation proposed by the NASM, demonstrating an effective application of the model. The thematic structure of each cyberbully style was discussed. Limitations and implications were provided.