bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase transition induced strain in ZnO under high pressure
Authors: Yan Xiaozhi , Dong Haini , Li Yanchun , Lin Chuanlong , Park Changyong , He Duanwei , Yang Wenge
Published: May 2016

Under high pressure, the phase transition mechanism and mechanical property of material are supposed to be largely associated with the transformation induced elastic strain. However, the experimental evidences for such strain are scanty. The elastic and plastic properties of ZnO, a leading material for applications in chemical sensor, catalyst, and optical thin coatings, were determined using in situ high pressure synchrotron axial and radial x-ray diffraction. The abnormal elastic behaviors of selected lattice planes of ZnO during phase transition revealed the existence of internal elastic strain, which arise from the lattice misfit between wurtzite and rocksalt phase. Furthermore, the strength decrease of ZnO during phase transition under non-hydrostatic pressure was observed and could be attributed to such internal elastic strain, unveiling the relationship between pressure induced internal strain and mechanical property of material. These findings are of fundamental importance to understanding the mechanism of phase transition and the properties of materials under pressure.
Correction: Corrigendum: Visualization of Surface Acoustic Waves in Thin Liquid Films
Authors: Rambach R. W. , Taiber J. , Scheck C. M. L. , Meyer C. , Reboud J. , Cooper J. M. , Franke T.
Published: May 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 21980; Published online: 26 February 2016; Updated: 13 May 2016 This Article contains errors in the Results section under subheading ‘Measurement of anisotropy and focal point’, “The literature value41 for the SAW propagation velocity was fitted with a parabolicfunction 48 with the velocity v, the propagation angle ϕ towards the x direction and the anisotropy factor b.
Retraction Note: Mutant p53 determines pancreatic cancer poor prognosis to pancreatectomy through upregulation of cavin-1 in patients with preoperative serum CA19-9 ≥ 1,000 U/mL
Authors: Xiang Jin-Feng , Wang Wen-Quan , Liu Liang , Xu Hua-Xiang , Wu Chun-Tao , Yang Jing-Xuan , Qi Zi-Hao , Wang Ya-Qi , Xu Jin , Liu Chen , Long Jiang , Ni Quan-Xing , Li Min , Yu Xian-Jun
Published: May 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 19222; published online: 12 January 2016; updated: 13 May 2016. The authors of this Article have requested that it is retracted. In the western blotting analysis, the rabbit monoclonal antibody to human mutant p53 rather than wild type p53 (1:1000, ab32049, Abcam) was used.
SARS coronavirus papain-like protease induces Egr-1-dependent up-regulation of TGF-β1 via ROS/p38 MAPK/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Li Shih-Wein , Wang Ching-Ying , Jou Yu-Jen , Yang Tsuey-Ching , Huang Su-Hua , Wan Lei , Lin Ying-Ju , Lin Cheng-Wen
Published: May 2016

SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) papain-like protease (PLpro) has been identified in TGF-β1 up-regulation in human promonocytes (Proteomics 2012, 12: 3193-205). This study investigates the mechanisms of SARS-CoV PLpro-induced TGF-β1 promoter activation in human lung epithelial cells and mouse models. SARS-CoV PLpro dose- and time-dependently up-regulates TGF-β1 and vimentin in A549 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assays with TGF-β1 promoter plasmids indicated that TGF-β1 promoter region between −175 to −60, the Egr-1 binding site, was responsible for TGF-β1 promoter activation induced by SARS-CoV PLpro. Subcellular localization analysis of transcription factors showed PLpro triggering nuclear translocation of Egr-1, but not NF-κB and Sp-1. Meanwhile, Egr-1 silencing by siRNA significantly reduced PLpro-induced up-regulation of TGF-β1, TSP-1 and pro-fibrotic genes. Furthermore, the inhibitors for ROS (YCG063), p38 MAPK (SB203580) and STAT3 (Stattic) revealed ROS/p38 MAPK/STAT3 pathway involving in Egr-1 dependent activation of TGF-β1 promoter induced by PLpro. In a mouse model with a direct pulmonary injection, PLpro stimulated macrophage infiltration into lung, up-regulating Egr-1, TSP-1, TGF-β1 and vimentin expression in lung tissues. The results revealed that SARS-CoV PLpro significantly triggered Egr-1 dependent activation of TGF-β1 promoter via ROS/p38 MAPK/STAT3 pathway, correlating with up-regulation of pro-fibrotic responses in vitro and in vivo.
Postnatal dysregulation of Notch signal disrupts dendrite development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus and contributes to memory impairment
Authors: Ding Xue-Feng , Gao Xiang , Ding Xin-Chun , Fan Ming , Chen Jinhui
Published: May 2016

Deficits in the Notch pathway are involved in a number of neurologic diseases associated with mental retardation or/and dementia. The mechanisms by which Notch dysregulation are associated with mental retardation and dementia are poorly understood. We found that Notch1 is highly expressed in the adult-born immature neurons in the hippocampus of mice. Retrovirus mediated knockout ofnotch1in single adult-born immature neurons decreases mTOR signaling and compromises their dendrite morphogenesis. In contrast, overexpression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), to constitutively activate Notch signaling in single adult-born immature neurons, promotes mTOR signaling and increases their dendrite arborization. Using a unique genetic approach to conditionally and selectively knockoutnotch 1in the postnatally born immature neurons in the hippocampus decreases mTOR signaling, compromises their dendrite morphogenesis, and impairs spatial learning and memory. Conditional overexpression ofNICDin the postnatally born immature neurons in the hippocampus increases mTOR signaling and promotes dendrite arborization. These data indicate that Notch signaling plays a critical role in dendrite development of immature neurons in the postnatal brain, and dysregulation of Notch signaling in the postnatally born neurons disrupts their development and thus contributes to the cognitive deficits associated with neurological diseases.
A transparent electrochromic metal-insulator switching device with three-terminal transistor geometry
Authors: Katase Takayoshi , Onozato Takaki , Hirono Misako , Mizuno Taku , Ohta Hiromichi
Published: May 2016

Proton and hydroxyl ion play an essential role for tuning functionality of oxides because their electronic state can be controlled by modifying oxygen off-stoichiometry and/or protonation. Tungsten trioxide (WO3), a well-known electrochromic (EC) material for smart window, is a wide bandgap insulator, whereas it becomes a metallic conductor HxWO3 by protonation. Although one can utilize electrochromism together with metal-insulator (MI) switching for one device, such EC-MI switching cannot be utilized in current EC devices because of their two-terminal structure with parallel-plate configuration. Here we demonstrate a transparent EC-MI switchable device with three-terminal TFT-type structure using amorphous (a-) WO3 channel layer, which was fabricated on glass substrate at room temperature. We used water-infiltrated nano-porous glass, CAN (calcium aluminate with nano-pores), as a liquid-leakage-free solid gate insulator. At virgin state, the device was fully transparent in the visible-light region. For positive gate voltage, the active channel became dark blue and electrical resistivity of the a-WO3 layer drastically decreased with protonation. For negative gate voltage, deprotonation occurred and the active channel returned to transparent insulator. Good cycleability of the present transparent EC-MI switching device would have potential for the development of advanced smart windows.
Derivation of Porcine Embryonic Stem-Like Cells from In Vitro-Produced Blastocyst-Stage Embryos
Authors: Hou Dao-Rong , Jin Yong , Nie Xiao-Wei , Zhang Man-Ling , Ta Na , Zhao Li-Hua , Yang Ning , Chen Yuan , Wu Zhao-Qiang , Jiang Hai-Bin , Li Yan-Ru , Sun Qing-Yuan , Dai Yi-Fan , Li Rong-Feng
Published: May 2016

Efficient isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cells from pre-implantation porcine embryos has remained a challenge. Here, we describe the derivation of porcine embryonic stem-like cells (pESLCs) by seeding the isolated inner cell mass (ICM) from in vitro-produced porcine blastocyst into α-MEM with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The pESL cells kept the normal karyotype and displayed flatten clones, similar in phenotype to human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) and rodent epiblast stem cells. These cells exhibited alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and expressed pluripotency markers such as OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81 as determined by both immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Additionally, these cells formed embryoid body (EB), teratomas and also differentiated into 3 germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis showed the expression of the pluripotency markers, PODXL, REX1, SOX2, KLF5 and NR6A1, was significantly higher compared with porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF), but expression of OCT4, TBX3, REX1, LIN28A and DPPA5, was lower compared to the whole blastocysts or ICM of blastocyst. Our results showed that porcine embryonic stem-like cells can be established from in vitro-produced blastocyst-stage embryos, which promote porcine naive ES cells to be established.
Amyloid beta oligomers induce neuronal elasticity changes in age-dependent manner: a force spectroscopy study on living hippocampal neurons
Authors: Ungureanu Andreea-Alexandra , Benilova Iryna , Krylychkina Olga , Braeken Dries , De Strooper Bart , Van Haesendonck Chris , Dotti Carlos G. , Bartic Carmen
Published: May 2016

Small soluble species of amyloid-beta (Aβ) formed during early peptide aggregation stages are responsible for several neurotoxic mechanisms relevant to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although their interaction with the neuronal membrane is not completely understood. This study quantifies the changes in the neuronal membrane elasticity induced by treatment with the two most common Aβ isoforms found in AD brains: Aβ40 and Aβ42. Using quantitative atomic force microscopy (AFM), we measured for the first time the static elastic modulus of living primary hippocampal neurons treated with pre-aggregated Aβ40 and Aβ42 soluble species. Our AFM results demonstrate changes in the elasticity of young, mature and aged neurons treated for a short time with the two Aβ species pre-aggregated for 2 hours. Neurons aging under stress conditions, showing aging hallmarks, are the most susceptible to amyloid binding and show the largest decrease in membrane stiffness upon Aβ treatment. Membrane stiffness defines the way in which cells respond to mechanical forces in their environment and has been shown to be important for processes such as gene expression, ion-channel gating and neurotransmitter vesicle transport. Thus, one can expect that changes in neuronal membrane elasticity might directly induce functional changes related to neurodegeneration.
Comprehensive rehabilitation with integrative medicine for subacute stroke: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fang Jianqiao , Chen Lifang , Ma Ruijie , Keeler Crystal Lynn , Shen Laihua , Bao Yehua , Xu Shouyu
Published: May 2016

To determine whether integrative medicine rehabilitation (IMR) that combines conventional rehabilitation (CR) with acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine has better effects for subacute stroke than CR alone, we conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial that involved three hospitals in China. Three hundred sixty patients with subacute stroke were randomized into IMR and CR groups. The primary outcome was the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). The secondary outcomes were the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton’s Depression Scale (HAMD), and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). All variables were evaluated at week 0 (baseline), week 4 (half-way of intervention), week 8 (after treatment) and week 20 (follow-up). In comparison with the CR group, the IMR group had significantly better improvements (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in all the primary and secondary outcomes. There were also significantly better changes from baseline in theses outcomes in the IMR group than in the CR group (P < 0.01). A low incidence of adverse events with mild symptoms was observed in the IMR group. We conclude that conventional rehabilitation combined with integrative medicine is safe and more effective for subacute stroke rehabilitation.
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Promotes the Migration of Corneal Epithelial Stem/progenitor Cells by Up-regulation of MMPs through the Phosphorylation of Akt
Authors: Chen Jialin , Chen Peng , Backman Ludvig J. , Zhou Qingjun , Danielson Patrik
Published: May 2016

The migration of limbal epithelial stem cells is important for the homeostasis and regeneration of corneal epithelium. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has been found to promote corneal epithelial wound healing by activating corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells. However, the possible effect of CNTF on the migration of corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells is not clear. This study found the expression of CNTF in mouse corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (TKE2) to be up-regulated after injury, on both gene and protein level. CNTF promoted migration of TKE2 in a dose-dependent manner and the peak was seen at 10 ng/ml. The phosphorylation level of Akt (p-Akt) and the expression of MMP3 and MMP14, were up-regulated after CNTF treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Akt and MMP3 inhibitor treatment delayed the migration effect by CNTF. Finally, a decreased expression of MMP3 and MMP14 was observed when Akt inhibitor was applied both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides new insights into the role of CNTF on the migration of corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and its inherent mechanism of Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases through the Akt signalling pathway.
Molecular characterization of S. japonicum exosome-like vesicles reveals their regulatory roles in parasite-host interactions
Authors: Zhu Lihui , Liu Juntao , Dao Jinwei , Lu Ke , Li Hao , Gu Huiming , Liu Jinming , Feng Xingang , Cheng Guofeng
Published: May 2016

Secreted extracellular vesicles play an important role in pathogen-host interactions. Increased knowledge of schistosome extracellular vesicles could provide insights into schistosome-host interactions and enable the development of novel intervention strategies to inhibit parasitic processes and lessen disease transmission. Here, we describe biochemical characterization of Schistosoma japonicum exosome-like vesicles (S. japonicum EVs). A total of 403 proteins were identified in S. japonicum EVs, and bioinformatics analyses indicated that these proteins were mainly involved in binding, catalytic activity, and translation regulatory activity. Next, we characterized the population of small RNAs associated with S. japonicum EVs. Further studies demonstrated that mammalian cells could internalize S. japonicum EVs and transfer their cargo miRNAs to recipient cells. Additionally, we found that a specific miRNA, likely originating from a final host, ocu-miR-191–5p, is also associated with S. japonicum EVs. Overall, our findings demonstrate that S. japonicum EVs could be implicated in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis via a mechanism involving the transfer of their cargo miRNAs to hosts. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of schistosome-host interactions.
Efficient production of cynomolgus monkeys with a toolbox of enhanced assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Ma Yunhan , Li Jiayu , Wang Ge , Ke Qiong , Qiu Sien , Gao Liang , Wan Haifeng , Zhou Yang , Xiang Andy Peng , Huang Qunshan , Feng Guoping , Zhou Qi , Yang Shihua
Published: May 2016

The efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in nonhuman primates is low due to no screening criterions for selecting sperm, oocyte, and embryo as well as its surrogate mothers. Here we analyzed 15 pairs of pregnant and non-pregnant cynomolgus monkeys, each pair of which received embryos from one batch of fertilized oocytes, and found ratio of endometrial to myometrial thicknesses in abdominal ultrasonic transverse section of uterus is a reliable indicator for selection of recipients for embryo transfer. We performed 305 ovarian stimulations in 128 female cynomolgus monkeys and found that ovarian stimulation can be performed in a whole year and repeated up to six times in the same monkey without deteriorating fertilization potential of eggs until a poor response to stimulation happened. Fertilization can be efficiently achieved with both conventional and piezo-driven intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures. In semen collection, semen quality is higher with the penile robe electrical stimulus method compared with the rectal probe method. Moreover, caesarean section is an effective strategy for increasing baby survival rates of multiple pregnancies. These findings provide a practical guidance for the efficient use of ARTs, facilitating their use in genetic engineering of macaque monkeys for basic and translational neuroscience research.
The P2X4 receptor is required for neuroprotection via ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Ozaki Tomohiko , Muramatsu Rieko , Sasai Miwa , Yamamoto Masahiro , Kubota Yoshiaki , Fujinaka Toshiyuki , Yoshimine Toshiki , Yamashita Toshihide
Published: May 2016

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a procedure consisting of transient ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, provides ischemic tolerance against prolonged ischemia in the brain. Although the blood flow changes mediated by IPC are primarily perceived by vascular endothelial cells, the role of these cells in ischemic tolerance has not been fully clarified. In this study, we found that the P2X4 receptor, which is abundantly expressed in vascular endothelial cells, is required for ischemic tolerance following middle artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. Mechanistically, the P2X4 receptor was stimulated by fluid shear stress, which mimics reperfusion, thus promoting the increased expression of osteopontin, a neuroprotective molecule. Furthermore, we found that the intracerebroventricular administration of osteopontin was sufficient to exert a neuroprotective effect mediated by preconditioning-stimulated P2X4 receptor activation. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby vascular endothelial cells are involved in ischemic tolerance.
Macrophage phagocytosis alters the MRI signal of ferumoxytol-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells in cartilage defects
Authors: Nejadnik Hossein , Lenkov Olga , Gassert Florian , Fretwell Deborah , Lam Isaac , Daldrup-Link Heike E.
Published: May 2016

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a promising tool for cartilage regeneration in arthritic joints. hMSC labeling with iron oxide nanoparticles enables non-invasive in vivo monitoring of transplanted cells in cartilage defects with MR imaging. Since graft failure leads to macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, we evaluated in vitro and in vivo whether nanoparticle-labeled hMSCs show distinct MR signal characteristics before and after phagocytosis by macrophages. We found that apoptotic nanoparticle-labeled hMSCs were phagocytosed by macrophages while viable nanoparticle-labeled hMSCs were not. Serial MRI scans of hMSC transplants in arthritic joints of recipient rats showed that the iron signal of apoptotic, nanoparticle-labeled hMSCs engulfed by macrophages disappeared faster compared to viable hMSCs. This corresponded to poor cartilage repair outcomes of the apoptotic hMSC transplants. Therefore, rapid decline of iron MRI signal at the transplant site can indicate cell death and predict incomplete defect repair weeks later. Currently, hMSC graft failure can be only diagnosed by lack of cartilage defect repair several months after cell transplantation. The described imaging signs can diagnose hMSC transplant failure more readily, which could enable timely re-interventions and avoid unnecessary follow up studies of lost transplants.
The enzymes LSD1 and Set1A cooperate with the viral protein HBx to establish an active hepatitis B viral chromatin state
Authors: Alarcon Valentina , Hernández Sergio , Rubio Lorena , Alvarez Francisca , Flores Yvo , Varas-Godoy Manuel , De Ferrari Giancarlo V. , Kann Michael , Villanueva Rodrigo A. , Loyola Alejandra
Published: May 2016

With about 350 million people chronically infected around the world hepatitis B is a major health problem. Template for progeny HBV synthesis is the viral genome, organized as a minichromosome (cccDNA) inside the hepatocyte nucleus. How viral cccDNA gene expression is regulated by its chromatin structure; more importantly, how the modulation of this structure impacts on viral gene expression remains elusive. Here, we found that the enzyme SetDB1 contributes to setting up a repressed cccDNA chromatin state. This repressive state is activated by the histone lysine demethylase-1 (LSD1). Consistently, inhibiting or reducing LSD1 levels led to repression of viral gene expression. This correlates with the transcriptionally repressive mark H3K9 methylation and reduction on the activating marks H3 acetylation and H3K4 methylation on viral promoters. Investigating the importance of viral proteins we found that LSD1 recruitment to viral promoters was dependent on the viral transactivator protein HBx. Moreover, the histone methyltransferase Set1A and HBx are simultaneously bound to the core promoter and Set1A expression correlates with cccDNA H3K4 methylation. Our results shed light on the mechanisms of HBV regulation mediated by the cccDNA chromatin structure, offering new therapeutic targets to develop drugs for the treatment of chronically infected HBV patients.
A cross-immunization model for the extinction of old influenza strains
Authors: Uekermann Florian , Sneppen Kim
Published: May 2016

Given the frequent mutation of antigenic features, the constancy of genetic and antigenic diversity of influenza within a subtype is surprising. While the emergence of new strains and antigenic features is commonly attributed to selection by the human immune system, the mechanism that ensures the extinction of older strains remains controversial. To replicate this dynamics of replacement current models utilize mechanisms such as short-lived strain-transcending immunity, a direct competition for hosts, stochastic extinction or constrained antigenic evolution. Building on the idea of short-lived immunity we introduce a minimal model that exhibits the aforementioned dynamics of replacement. Our model relies only on competition due to an antigen specific immune-response in an unconstrained antigenic space. Furthermore the model explains the size of typical influenza epidemics as well as the tendency that new epidemics are associated with mutations of old antigens.
Plant phosphomannose isomerase as a selectable marker for rice transformation
Authors: Hu Lei , Li Hao , Qin Ruiying , Xu Rongfang , Li Juan , Li Li , Wei Pengcheng , Yang Jianbo
Published: May 2016

The E. coli phosphomannose isomerase (EcPMI) gene is widely used as a selectable marker gene (SMG) in mannose (Man) selection-based plant transformation. Although some plant species exhibit significant PMI activity and active PMIs were even identified in Man-sensitive plants, whether plant PMIs can be used as SMGs remains unclear. In this study, we isolated four novel PMI genes from Chlorella variabilis and Oryza sativa. Their isoenzymatic activities were examined in vitro and compared with that of EcPMI. The active plant PMIs were separately constructed into binary vectors as SMGs and then transformed into rice via Agrobacterium. In both Indica and Japonica subspecies, our results indicated that the plant PMIs could select and produce transgenic plants in a pattern similar to that of EcPMI. The transgenic plants exhibited an accumulation of plant PMI transcripts and enhancement of the in vivo PMI activity. Furthermore, a gene of interest was successfully transformed into rice using the plant PMIs as SMGs. Thus, novel SMGs for Man selection were isolated from plants and our analysis suggested that PMIs encoding active enzymes might be common in plants and could potentially be used as appropriate genetic elements in cisgenesis engineering.
CAP1 (Cyclase-Associated Protein 1) Exerts Distinct Functions in the Proliferation and Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells Mediated by ERK
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Zhou Guo-Lei
Published: May 2016

The actin-regulating protein CAP1 is implicated in the invasiveness of human cancers. However, the exact role remains elusive and controversial given lines of conflicting evidence. Moreover, a potential role in the proliferative transformation has largely been overlooked. Further establishing the role and dissecting underlying mechanisms are imperative before targeting CAP1 can become a possibility for cancer treatment. Here we report our findings that CAP1 exerts cell type-dependent functions in the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Depletion of CAP1 in the metastatic MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cancer cells stimulated the metastatic potential while it actually inhibited it in the non-metastatic MCF-7 cancer cells or in normal cells. Moreover, we demonstrate functions for CAP1 in cancer cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, again in a cell context-dependent manner. Importantly, we identify pivotal roles for the ERK-centered signaling in mediating both CAP1 functions. Phosphor mutants of CAP1 at the S307/S309 regulatory site had compromised rescue effects for both the invasiveness and proliferation in CAP1-knockdown cells, suggesting that CAP1 likely mediates upstream cell signals to control both functions. These novel mechanistic insights may ultimately open up avenues for strategies targeting CAP1 in the treatment of breast cancer, tailored for specific types of the highly diverse disease.
Ringhalexin from Hemachatus haemachatus: A novel inhibitor of extrinsic tenase complex
Authors: Barnwal Bhaskar , Jobichen Chacko , Girish Vallerinteavide Mavelli , Foo Chun Shin , Sivaraman J. , Kini R. Manjunatha
Published: May 2016

Anticoagulant therapy is used for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Blood coagulation is initiated by the interaction of factor VIIa (FVIIa) with membrane-bound tissue factor (TF) to form the extrinsic tenase complex which activates FX to FXa. Thus, it is an important target for the development of novel anticoagulants. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel anticoagulant ringhalexin from the venom of Hemachatus haemachatus (African Ringhals Cobra). Amino acid sequence of the protein indicates that it belongs to the three-finger toxin family and exhibits 94% identity to an uncharacterized Neurotoxin-like protein NTL2 from Naja atra. Ringhalexin inhibited FX activation by extrinsic tenase complex with an IC50 of 123.8 ± 9.54 nM. It is a mixed-type inhibitor with the kinetic constants, Ki and Ki’ of 84.25 ± 3.53 nM and 152.5 ± 11.32 nM, respectively. Ringhalexin also exhibits a weak, irreversible neurotoxicity on chick biventer cervicis muscle preparations. Subsequently, the three-dimensional structure of ringhalexin was determined at 2.95 Å resolution. This study for the first time reports the structure of an anticoagulant three-finger toxin. Thus, ringhalexin is a potent inhibitor of the FX activation by extrinsic tenase complex and a weak, irreversible neurotoxin.
Formylpeptide Receptors Promote the Migration and Differentiation of Rat Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Guan , Zhang Liang , Chen Xingxing , Xue Xin , Guo Qiaonan , Liu Mingyong , Zhao Jianhua
Published: May 2016

Neural stem cells (NSCs) bear characteristics for proliferation, migration and differentiation into three main neural cell type(s): neurons, astrocytes and/or oligodendrocytes. Formylpeptide receptors (Fprs), belonging to the family of G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors, have been detected on neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report that Fpr1 and Fpr2 are expressed on NSCs as detected with immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and WB assays. In addition, Fpr1 and Fpr2 promoted NSC migration through F-actin polymerization and skewed NSC differentiation to neurons. Our study demonstrates a unique role of Fpr1 and Fpr2 in NSCs and opens a novel window for cell replacement therapies for brain and spinal cord injury.
Prognostic value of DNA repair based stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Zhuo , Xu Shi-Hao , Wang Hai-Qing , Cai Yi-Jing , Ying Li , Song Mei , Wang Yu-Qun , Du Shan-Jie , Shi Ke-Qing , Zhou Meng-Tao
Published: May 2016

Aberrant activation of DNA repair is frequently associated with tumor progression and response to therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Bioinformatics analyses of HCC data in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were performed to define DNA repair based molecular classification that could predict the prognosis of patients with HCC. Furthermore, we tested its predictive performance in 120 independent cases. Four molecular subgroups were identified on the basis of coordinate DNA repair cluster (CDRC) comprising 15 genes in TCGA dataset. Increasing expression of CDRC genes were significantly associated with TP53 mutation. High CDRC was significantly correlated with advanced tumor grades, advanced pathological stage and increased vascular invasion rate. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the molecular subgrouping was an independent prognostic parameter for both overall survival (p = 0.004, hazard ratio (HR): 2.989) and tumor-free survival (p = 0.049, HR: 3.366) in TCGA dataset. Similar results were also obtained by analyzing the independent cohort. These data suggest that distinct dysregulation of DNA repair constituents based molecular classes in HCC would be useful for predicting prognosis and designing clinical trials for targeted therapy.
Stabilizing the cold plasma-stimulated medium by regulating medium’s composition
Authors: Yan Dayun , Nourmohammadi Niki , Bian Ka , Murad Ferid , Sherman Jonathan H. , Keidar Michael
Published: May 2016

Over past several years, the cold plasma-stimulated medium (PSM) has shown its remarkable anti-cancer capacity in par with the direct cold plasma irradiation on cancer cells or tumor tissues. Independent of the cold plasma device, PSM has noticeable advantage of being a flexible platform in cancer treatment. Currently, the largest disadvantage of PSM is its degradation during the storage over a wide temperature range. So far, to stabilize PSM, it must be remained frozen at −80 °C. In this study, we first reveal that the degradation of PSM is mainly due to the reaction between the reactive species and specific amino acids; mainly cysteine and methionine in medium. Based on this finding, both H2O2 in PSM and the anti-cancer capacity of PSM can be significantly stabilized during the storage at 8 °C and −25 °C for at least 3 days by using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cysteine/methionine-free Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). In addition, we demonstrate that adding a tyrosine derivative, 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine, into DMEM can mitigate the degradation of PSM at 8 °C during 3 days of storage. This study provides a solid foundation for the future anti-cancer application of PSM.
The N-end rule pathway regulates pathogen responses in plants
Authors: de Marchi Rémi , Sorel Maud , Mooney Brian , Fudal Isabelle , Goslin Kevin , Kwaśniewska Kamila , Ryan Patrick T. , Pfalz Marina , Kroymann Juergen , Pollmann Stephan , Feechan Angela , Wellmer Frank , Rivas Susana , Graciet Emmanuelle
Published: May 2016

To efficiently counteract pathogens, plants rely on a complex set of immune responses that are tightly regulated to allow the timely activation, appropriate duration and adequate amplitude of defense programs. The coordination of the plant immune response is known to require the activity of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, which controls the stability of proteins in eukaryotes. Here, we demonstrate that the N-end rule pathway, a subset of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, regulates the defense against a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens in the model plantArabidopsis thaliana. We show that this pathway positively regulates the biosynthesis of plant-defense metabolites such as glucosinolates, as well as the biosynthesis and response to the phytohormone jasmonic acid, which plays a key role in plant immunity. Our results also suggest that the arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway regulates the timing and amplitude of the defense program against the model pathogenPseudomonas syringaeAvrRpm1.
Development of a GC-MS method for the determination and pharmacokinetics of trans-π-oxocamphor after intravenous administration of Vitacamphorae injection in rat
Authors: Liang Chunsu , Yang Zhichao , Meng Xiangjun , Yin Lei , Fawcett J. Paul , Wang Can , Yang Yan , Wang Jian , Gu Jingkai
Published: May 2016

Vitacamphorae injection is an aqueous solution of trans-π-oxocamphor (TOC) mainly used to treat central respiratory problems, such as cardiac and circulatory failure.
Ultrasonic real-time monitoring of the process of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions
Authors: Li Yuelong , Buckin Vitaly
Published: May 2016

Ultrasonic monitoring of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by metal surfaces.
A tristable [2]rotaxane that is doubly gated by foldamer and azobenzene kinetic barriers
Authors: Wang Wei-Kun , Xu Zi-Yue , Zhang Yun-Chang , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan-Wei , Liu Yi , Li Zhan-Ting
Published: May 2016

Hydrogen bonded foldamer and azobenzene units have been incorporated into a donor–acceptor-type [2]rotaxane to assemble a doubly gated switching system.
Investigation of photoelectrical properties of α-Si3N4nanobelts with surface modifications using first-principles calculations
Authors: Xiong Li , Dai Jianhong , Song Yan , Wen Guangwu , Qin Chunlin
Published: May 2016

The photoelectrical properties of α-Si3N4nanobelts with surface H, F and Cl modifications are investigated using first-principles methods.
Facile one-pot synthesis of highly monodisperse nickel microspheres with raised nickel dots and their adsorption performance for heavy metal ions
Authors: Teng Yue , Song Le Xin , Liu Wei , Zhao Li , Xia Juan , Wang Qing Shan , Ruan Mao Mao , Yang Zun , Qian Yong Xin
Published: May 2016

Monodispersed Ni microspheres with surfaces uniformly covered by Ni dots were constructed through a facile solvothermal synthesis, showing an improved ability to remove Cd2+ ions even at high concentrations in water.
Iron based catalysts from novel low-cost organic precursors for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction in neutral media microbial fuel cells
Authors: Santoro Carlo , Serov Alexey , Stariha Lydia , Kodali Mounika , Gordon Jonathan , Babanova Sofia , Bretschger Orianna , Artyushkova Kateryna , Atanassov Plamen
Published: May 2016

Fe-based catalysts based on ricobendazole and niclosamide showed higher performance compared to Pt (20–25%) and AC (90–99%) and more durability in long terms operations.
Trace element contamination and availability in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: Padeiro Ana , Amaro Eduardo , dos Santos Margarida M. C. , Araújo Maria F. , Gomes Susana S. , Leppe Marcelo , Verkulich Sergey , Hughes Kevin A. , Peter Hans-Ulrich , Canário João
Published: May 2016

High TE concentrations in soils from the Fildes Peninsula point to the urgent implementation of contamination control and remediation methodologies.
Sustainable, inexpensive and easy-to-use access to the super-reductant e˙−aq through 355 nm photoionization of the ascorbate dianion—an alternative to radiolysis or UV-C photochemistry
Authors: Brautzsch Marcel , Kerzig Christoph , Goez Martin
Published: May 2016

In addition to its health benefits, vitamin C can also be photoionized at a favourable wavelength to give hydrated electrons e˙−aq, which are extremely useful for preparing and studying radical anions or detoxifying halogenated organic waste X—R.
2-D steering and propelling of acoustic bubble-powered microswimmers
Authors: Feng Jian , Yuan Junqi , Cho Sung Kwon
Published: May 2016

This paper describes bi-directional (linear and rotational) propelling and 2-D steering of acoustic bubble-powered microswimmers that are achieved in a centimeter-scale pool (beyond chip level scale).
Efficient preparation of multimetallic ONO-based Schiff base complexes of nickel(ii) and copper(ii)
Authors: Novoa Néstor , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Cador Olivier , Manzur Carolina , Carrillo David , Hamon Jean-René
Published: May 2016

Spectroscopy, structures, electrochemical behavior and magnetic properties of a series of readily prepared [(R-ONO)M(μ-4,4′-bipy)M(R-ONO)] complexes (R = anisyl or ferrocenyl; M = Ni, Cu) have been explored.
ZnO nanowire array growth on precisely controlled patterns of inkjet-printed zinc acetate at low-temperatures
Authors: Tsangarides Constantinos P. , Ma Hanbin , Nathan Arokia
Published: May 2016

ZnO nanowires have been fabricated under mild conditions on inkjet-printed patterns of zinc acetate dihydrate and studied systematically in this paper.
Synthesis, optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performances of wide band-gap copolymers based on dibenzosilole and quinoxaline units, rivals to P3HT
Authors: Caffy F. , Delbosc N. , Chávez P. , Lévêque P. , Faure-Vincent J. , Travers J.-P. , Djurado D. , Pécaut J. , Grévin B. , Lemaitre N. , Leclerc N. , Demadrille R.
Published: May 2016

Dibenzosilole and quinoxaline based copolymers were synthesized and tested in bulk-heterojunction solar cells showing power conversion efficiencies up to 5.14%.
Blood compatibility of heparin-inspired, lactose containing, polyureas depends on the chemistry of the polymer backbone
Authors: Huang Y. , Shaw M. A. , Warmin M. R. , Mullins E. S. , Ayres N.
Published: May 2016

Sulfated glycopolymers were synthesized from diisocyanates and lactose containing diamines. Blood compatibility assays indicated highly sulfated glycopolymers with methylene bis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) backbones result in prolonged clotting times.
Generation of (2-oxoindolin-3-yl)methanesulfonohydrazides via a photo-induced reaction of N-(2-iodoaryl)acrylamide, DABSO, and hydrazine
Authors: Zhou Kaida , Xia Hongguang , Wu Jie
Published: May 2016

A photo-induced catalyst-free three-component reaction of N-(2-iodoaryl)acrylamide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrazine is reported. Under ultraviolet irradiation, diverse (2-oxoindolin-3-yl)methanesulfonohydrazides are generated in moderate to good yields.
Fish embryo toxicity assessment of o-dianisidine in Clarias gariepinus and its electrochemical treatment in aquatic samples using super conductive carbon black
Authors: Sornambikai Sundaram , Hin Lim Qing , Marimuthu Kasi , Abdul Kadir Mohammed Rafiq
Published: May 2016

The present study tested fish embryo toxicity (FET) ofo-dianisidine (o-dian) on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and its electrochemical treatment through electro-oxidation of real aquatic samples for the first time.
NMR metabolic profiling of lipopolysaccharide-induced mice sepsis and the treatment effects of berberine
Authors: Li Pei , Liao Shanting , Wang Junsong , Xu Dingqiao , Zhang Qian , Yang Minghua , Kong Lingyi
Published: May 2016

1H NMR metabolomics to study lipopolysaccharide-induced mice sepsis and the treatment effects of berberine.
Highly poison-resistant Pt nanocrystals on 3D graphene toward efficient methanol oxidation
Authors: Zhang Lian Ying , Zhang Wenlin , Zhao Zhiliang , Liu Ze , Zhou Zhiqin , Li Chang Ming
Published: May 2016

Highly poison-resistant Pt nanocrystals are synthesized using reductive sugars derived from pectin hydrolysis, showing efficient catalytic performance toward methanol oxidation.
Solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to determine seven halogenated salicylanilides in cosmetics
Authors: Lin Senyu , Xian Yanping , Xun Zhiqing , Li Siyan , Liu Xinjia , Du Weifeng , Huang Jinfeng , Guo Xindong , Dong Hao
Published: May 2016

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of seven halogenated salicylanilides in cosmetics.
Microfluidic self-aspiration sonic-spray ionization chip with single and dual ionization channels for mass spectrometry
Authors: Yu Cilong , Qian Xiang , Chen Yan , Yu Quan , Ni Kai , Wang Xiaohao
Published: May 2016

In consideration of the miniaturization, integration, and universal disadvantages of microfluidic chip-based ionization coupled with mass spectrometry, this study proposed a novel microfluidic self-aspiration sonic-spray ionization chip.
Hollow carbon fiber sponges from crude catkins: an ultralow cost absorbent for oils and organic solvents
Authors: Zang Linlin , Bu Zhipeng , Sun Liguo , Zhang Yanhong
Published: May 2016

Hollow carbon fiber sponges have been synthesized through the pyrolysis of bulk crude catkins which are ultralow-cost, hollow carbon fibers. The sponges exhibited a high sorption capacity for organic solvents and oils and excellent recyclability.
Development of an integrated system for the treatment of rural domestic wastewater: emphasis on nutrient removal
Authors: Rout Prangya Ranjan , Dash Rajesh Roshan , Bhunia Puspendu
Published: May 2016

A novel, integrated treatment system consisting of a multi-stage bio-filter and a post positioned denitrifying bio-reactor was designed and developed in this study for the treatment of rural domestic wastewater emphasizing on nutrient removal.
The xylene sensing performance of WO3 decorated anatase TiO2 nanoparticles as a sensing material for a gas sensor at a low operating temperature
Authors: Chen Nan , Deng Dongyang , Li Yuxiu , Xing Xinxin , Liu Xu , Xiao Xuechun , Wang Yude
Published: May 2016

Here, the pristine and WO3 decorated TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal without the use of a surfactant or template, and used to fabricate gas sensors.
Selective production of aromatic hydrocarbons from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over Cu or Fe loaded mesoporous rod-like alumina
Authors: Karnjanakom Surachai , Bayu Asep , Xiaoketi Pairuzha , Hao Xiaogang , Kongparakul Suwadee , Samart Chanatip , Abudula Abuliti , Guan Guoqing
Published: May 2016

The selective production of aromatic hydrocarbons from bio-oil derived from the fast pyrolysis of sunflower stalks over Cu or Fe-modified mesoporous rod-like alumina catalysts was investigated.
Investigation of efficient protocols for the construction of solution-processed antimony sulphide solid-state solar cells
Authors: Raptis D. , Sfyri G. , Sygellou L. , Dracopoulos V. , Nouri E. , Lianos P.
Published: May 2016

Investigation of efficient protocols for the construction of solution-processed antimony sulphide solid-state solar cells.
Palladium catalyzed regioselective B–C(sp) coupling via direct cage B–H activation: synthesis of B(4)-alkynylated o-carboranes
Authors: Quan Yangjian , Tang Cen , Xie Zuowei
Published: May 2016

Palladium-catalyzed direct intermolecular coupling of o-carboranes with alkynyl bromides or terminal alkynes has been achieved, for the first time, with the help of a traceless directing group –COOH, leading to the synthesis of a series of new cage B(4)-alkynylated-o-carboranes in high yields with excellent regioselectivity.
Indacenodibenzothiophenes: synthesis, optoelectronic properties and materials applications of molecules with strong antiaromatic character
Authors: Marshall Jonathan L. , Uchida Kazuyuki , Frederickson Conerd K. , Schütt Christian , Zeidell Andrew M. , Goetz Katelyn P. , Finn Tristan W. , Jarolimek Karol , Zakharov Lev N. , Risko Chad , Herges Rainer , Jurchescu Oana D. , Haley Michael M.
Published: May 2016

Exchanging fused benzenes for benzothiophenes results in pronounced antiaromaticity in the indacene core.
Mechanistic elucidation guided by covalent inhibitors for the development of anti-diabetic PPARγ ligands
Authors: Bae Hwan , Jang Jun Young , Choi Sun-Sil , Lee Jae-Jin , Kim Heejun , Jo Ala , Lee Kong-Joo , Choi Jang Hyun , Suh Se Won , Park Seung Bum
Published: May 2016

We revealed the X-ray structure of PPARγ co-crystallized with SR1664 bound to the alternate binding site of PPARγ and confirmed that this blocks the phosphorylation of Ser273.
Co3ZnC/Co nano heterojunctions encapsulated in N-doped graphene layers derived from PBAs as highly efficient bi-functional OER and ORR electrocatalysts
Authors: Su Jianwei , Xia Guoliang , Li Ran , Yang Yang , Chen Jitang , Shi Ruohong , Jiang Peng , Chen Qianwang
Published: May 2016

Unique nano heterojunction structures encapsulated in highly nitrogen doped graphene layers were synthesized in situ by one-step annealing of PBAs serve as bi-functional ORR and OER catalysts.
Benign role of Bi on an electrodeposited Cu2O semiconductor towards photo-assisted H2 generation from water
Authors: Shyamal Sanjib , Hajra Paramita , Mandal Harahari , Bera Aparajita , Sariket Debasis , Satpati Ashis Kumar , Kundu Sukumar , Bhattacharya Chinmoy
Published: May 2016

Bi-modified Cu2O possesses a superior photocatalytic water reduction due to its surface morphology, smaller crystallinity, lower charge transfer resistance, and fewer defect sites.
A novel aminoclay–curcumin hybrid for enhanced chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Suhang , Cao Han , Zhong Yiming , Yang Yuhong , Shao Zhengzhong
Published: May 2016

“One-pot” synthesis is developed to fabricate the AC–Cur hybrid with high bioavailability.
A synergistic combination of atomic scale structural engineering and panoscopic approach in p-type ZrCoSb-based half-Heusler thermoelectric materials for achieving high ZT
Authors: Chauhan N. S. , Bhardwaj A. , Senguttuvan T. D. , Pant R. P. , Mallik R. C. , Misra D. K.
Published: May 2016

In situsynthesis of composites employing ASSET in combination with panoscopic approach has been demonstrated in p-type ZrCoSb-based half-Heusler thermoelectric materials for significant enhancement in thermoelectric figure of merit.
First-principles study of Ce-doped Y3Al5O12with Si–N incorporation: electronic structures and optical properties
Authors: Ning Lixin , Ji Xiaowen , Dong Yuanyuan , Jin Wei , Huang Yucheng , Pan Zaifa , Tanner Peter A.
Published: May 2016

Effects of Si–N incorporation on electronic structures and optical properties of YAG:Ce were investigated by first-principles calculations.
Preparation of chromatic composite hollow nanoparticles containing mixed metal oxides for full-color electrophoretic displays
Authors: Fang Yi , Wang Jingjing , Li Lanlan , Liu Zhenya , Jin Peng , Tang Chengchun
Published: May 2016

The green and blue hollow nanospheres were prepared via emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and the Pechini sol–gel process. They exhibit bright color and hollow structures with uniform size and shape, which also present excellent performance and quick response of electrophoretic display.
Soft‐start control strategy for the three‐phase grid‐connected inverter with LCL filter
Authors: Yao Zhilei
Published: May 2016

To solve the start‐up inrush current existing in the three‐phase grid‐connected inverter, a soft‐start control strategy for the three‐phase grid‐connected inverter with LCL filter is proposed. The analysis of start‐up inrush current is illustrated in detail. The capacitor current of the LCL filter is used to detect the closure of the grid‐connected switch, so the closing time of the grid‐connected switch does not need to be known. The detailed procedure and flowchart of the proposed soft‐start control method are provided. Finally, experimental results of a LCL‐type three‐phase grid‐connected inverter verify the theoretical analysis. The control strategy is easy to implement. The start‐up inrush current does not exist in the grid‐connected inverter.