bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of researches on strength model of foamed concrete
Authors: Fu Zhenhuan
Published: January 2024

Compared with ordinary concrete, foamed concrete has the advantages of light weight, high fluidity, good thermal and sound insulation properties. It has been initially applied in the construction industry. As the most basic research content of foamed concrete, the strength prediction model has received widespread attention from scholars. In this paper, the existing foamed concrete strength prediction models were summarized. The development status of the traditional empirical model based on theory or experiment and the artificial intelligence model based on computer technology were analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each model were described comprehensively. The following conclusions can be drawn: ①Porosity is an important factor affecting the density and compressive strength of foamed concrete. Considering pore structure and volume composition will be more convenient and accurate to predict the strength. ② As for gel-space ratio model, considering the contribution of different hydration products produced by the cementitious materials to the strength is helpful to improve the accuracy of the prediction model. ③ The artificial intelligence model overcomes the shortcomings of less factors in the empirical model and large amount of experiments with high cost, which makes the strength prediction more effective and precise. This paper provides a train of thought for further research on the strength prediction model of foamed concrete. The development of foamed concrete strength prediction model can provide theoretical guidance for the design of foamed concrete, and is of great significance for promoting the application of foamed concrete in various occasions.
Microstructural Nonuniformity of GdBCO Superconductor Bulk
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Yan , Shen Shuangyuan , Ruan Guanjie , Zhang Jiaying , Zhang Penghe , Xu Yan
Published: January 2024

High-temperature superconducting materials REBa2Cu3O7-δ(REBCO or RE123, RE is a rare earth), can widely be used in electric motors, nuclear magnetic resonance and other fields, because these can trap strong magnetic fields. The top-seeded melt-texture growth method is widely chosen in the preparation and performance research of various REBCO superconductor bulks, which can effectively suppress random nucleation and reduce weak connections between grains, etc. However, the superconductor bulks prepared by this method often have the problem of uniformed microstructure. A single-domain GdBCO superconductor bulk with NdBCO single-seed guidance and Y123 liquid source was successfully growth using the top-seeded melt-texture growth method, and the microscopic morphology of the samples were studied, which exhibits the microstructural nonuniformity of GdBCO superconductor bulk. The specimens at different positions, C1, C2 below the seed, P1, P2 below the cross pattern, of the bulk exhibit critical transition temperature, TC
, higher than 94.5 K, with a maximum value of 95.9 K, demonstrating superior superconductivity. Cracks and pores are unevenly distributed in GdBCO superconductor bulk, and the pores mainly gather in the area below the seed and far from the upper surface. At the same distance from the upper surface, specimens below the cross pattern have higher self-field JC
values (P1>C1, P2>C2) than specimens below the seed, which should be related to the nonuniformity of the pores.
A Pragmatic Design of Elastic Metamaterial with Extreme Anisotropic Stiffness
Authors: Cui Hangrui , Zhang Jiazhen , Wang Ziping , Gorgin Rahim
Published: January 2024

Traditional elastic metamaterials encounter difficulties when trying to independently adjust the operating frequency in two perpendicular directions. In this research, we present a practical active elastic metamaterial with the capability to achieve extreme stiffness anisotropy. Our approach involves incorporating piezoelectric patches, coupled with adjustable conductance, into the microstructure unit cell to control the effective elastic stiffness in both primary directions. We conduct simulations to manipulate wave propagation within such metamaterials and conduct experimental investigations to validate the design. The obtained results closely align with mathematical analysis and numerical predictions, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed metamaterial. This novel approach offers a versatile and innovative design methodology for elastic metamaterials.
Maximizing Yield of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from White Turmeric Through Extraction Process Design
Authors: Lay Sovannmony , Houng Peany
Published: January 2024

Designing the extraction process and the condition is very important for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the solid phase to obtain the highest yield. This is necessary due to the sensitivity of phenolic compounds to factors such as heat, oxidation, and degradation during the extraction process. The main objective of this study is to optimize the extraction process for phenolic compounds from raw materials and determine the ideal extraction conditions that result in a high yield of these compounds. White turmeric was selected as the investigated raw material and ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extraction (UAE) was used as the extraction technique. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken was applied for designing the UAE process in terms of three parameters (solid-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, and extraction temperature). Within the designed levels of solid-to-solvent ratio (0.2 to 1.0 g/10 ml), extraction time (20 to 180 min), and extraction temperature (20 to 70 °C), it is noticed that the extraction yield of phenolic compounds varied depending on the levels of those extraction process conditions. The extraction yield of phenolic compounds was low at the solid-to-solvent ratio of 1.0 g/10ml, the temperature at 20 °C, and extraction time at 20 min and it was high at the solid-to-solvent ratio (1.0 to 1.8 g/10ml), temperature (45 to 70 °C), and extraction time (100 to 180 min). However, based on the statical data and confirmation experiment, it was possible to obtain the highest yield of phenolic compounds of 9.0 mg GAE/g DW, extracting from white turmeric at UAE condition of 1.1 g/10 ml for solid-to-solvent ratio, 100 min for extraction time, and 45 °C for temperature. The result of this study may be helpful for the intensification of ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction for phenolic compounds from agricultural products.
Study on Softening Resistance of Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy for Advanced Electrical Connectors
Authors: Yuan Hefeng , Yang Qi , Chen Jiacheng , Tao Jie
Published: January 2024

The effect of adding iron element in tin bronze on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy is studied by means of phase diagram calculation and microstructure observation. The work hardening curve of Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy is plotted by cold deformation of the alloy with different reduction rates. The test and microstructure observation are conducted for tensile strength and ductility of the alloy sample annealed at different temperatures, so as to determine the recrystallization temperature of the alloy. The results show that the addition of iron element plays a significant role in grain refinement and improves the subsequent working performance. After the cold rolling deformation, an obvious work hardening effect is imposed on the alloy. With the increase of the deformation, the alloy presents a trend of increasing first and then becoming stable in the tensile strength, while a reverse trend in ductility. Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy has a softening resistance equivalent to that of QSn6.5-0.1 high-tin bronze, both of which will be softened at 400ºC; therefore, Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy can replace QSn6.5-0.1 alloy at high temperature.The present study proposes how to maintain the original properties of the tin-phosphorous bronze alloy while reducing the content of the tin, and achieve the more effective industrialized production.
Characterisation of a low-momentum high-rate muon beam monitor for the FAMU experiment at the CNAO-XPR beam facility
Authors: Rossini R. , Benocci R. , Bertoni R. , Bonesini M. , Carsi S. , Clemenza M. , de Bari A. , Donetti M. , de Vecchi C. , Menegolli A. , Mereghetti A. , Mocchiutti E. , Petroselli C. , Prata M.C. , Pullia M. , Raselli G.L. , Rossella M. , Savazzi S. , Tortora L. , Vallazza E.S.
Published: January 2024

The FAMU experiment aims at an indirect measurement of the Zemach radius of the
proton. The measurement is carried out on muonic hydrogen atoms (μH) produced through the
low-momentum (50–60 MeV/c) muon beam a the RIKEN-RAL μ- facility. The particle flux plays
an important role in this measurement, as it is proportional to the number of μH atoms
produced, which is the target of the FAMU experimental method. The beam monitor calibration
technique and results, presented here, are meant to extract a reliable estimation of the muon flux
during the FAMU data taking. These measurements were carried out at the CNAO synchrotron in Pavia,
Italy, using proton beams and supported by Monte Carlo simulation of the detector in Geant4.
The High Energy Light Isotope eXperiment program of direct cosmic-ray studies
Authors: Coutu S. , Allison P.S. , Baiocchi M. , Beatty J.J. , Beaufore L. , Calderón D.H. , Castano A.G. , Chen Y. , Green N. , Hanna D. , Jeon H.B. , Klein S.B. , Kunkler B. , Lang M. , Mbarek R. , McBride K. , Mognet S.I. , Musser J. , Nutter S. , O'Brien S. , Park N. , Powledge K.M. , Sakai K. , Tabata M. , Tarlé G. , Tuttle J.M. , Visser G. , Wakely S.P. , Yu M.
Published: January 2024

HELIX is a new NASA-sponsored instrument aimed at measuring the spectra and composition of light cosmic-ray isotopes from hydrogen to neon nuclei, in particular the clock isotopes 10Be (radioactive, with 1.4 Myr lifetime) and 9Be (stable). The latter are unique markers of the production and Galactic propagation of secondary cosmic-ray nuclei, and are needed to resolve such important mysteries as the proportion of secondary positrons in the excess of antimatter observed by the AMS-02 experiment. By using a combination of a 1 T superconducting magnet spectrometer (with drift-chamber tracker) with a high-resolution time-of-flight detector system and ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, mass-resolved isotope measurements of light cosmic-ray nuclei will be possible up to 3 GeV/n in a first stratospheric balloon flight from Kiruna, Sweden to northern Canada, anticipated to take place in early summer 2024. An eventual longer Antarctic balloon flight of HELIX will yield measurements up to 10 GeV/n, sampling production from a larger volume of the Galaxy extending into the halo. We review the instrument design, testing, status and scientific prospects.
Probability distribution maps of deposited energy with sub-pixel resolution for Timepix3 detectors
Authors: Christodoulou Pinelopi , Alozy Jerome , Ballabriga Rafael , Campbell Michael , Heijne Erik , Llopart Xavier , Pulli Adithya , Sriskaran Viros , Tlustos Lukas , Zemlicka Jan
Published: January 2024

The Medipix3 Collaboration has developed the Timepix3 chip, which can provide information about individual particles interacting with a hybrid pixelated semiconductor detector.
The Timepix3 generates a data packet including time and energy information for each pixel receiving a charge above the discriminator threshold. From a set of such packages generated by one particle the total deposited energy and the sub-pixel center of mass (c.m) position of the interaction can be calculated. However, sub-threshold losses will distort both the measured energy and c.m calculation. This work aims to generate probability maps for the most probable initial interaction position and energy for a given detected cluster. The correction maps were calculated for different energies and sub-pixel c.m positions. It is crucial to realistically simulate the front-end response of the Timepix3 detector to be able to match and understand the experimental data and generate accurate probability maps. The correction maps from the simulations using the simulation tool Allpix
2 are applied to experimental data utilizing an Am-241 source to irradiate a Minipix Timepix3, leading to sub-pixel resolution and improved energy resolution for Timepix3 detectors.
Comparison of readout systems for high-rate silicon photomultiplier applications
Authors: Wong M.L. , Kołodziej M. , Briggl K. , Hetzel R. , Korcyl G. , Lalik R. , Malige A. , Magiera A. , Ostrzołek G. , Rusiecka K. , Stahl A. , Urbanevych V. , Wiebusch M. , Wrońska A.
Published: January 2024

Recent years have shown an increased use of silicon
photomultipliers (SiPM) in experiments as they are of reasonable
cost, have relatively low power consumption and are easily available
in a variety of form factors allowing for a large number of readout
channels. At the same time, experiments are generating data at
increasingly high rates requiring the use of more efficient readout
systems. In this work, the dead time, efficiency, dynamic range,
coincidence time resolution and energy resolution of five different
readout systems at various stages of maturity are evaluated to
determine the best system for acquiring data from a detector in a
high rate experiment. Additional functionalities of the systems are
also discussed.
Monolithic MHz-frame rate digital SiPM-IC with sub-100 ps precision and 70 μm pixel pitch
Authors: Diehl I. , Hansen K. , Vanat T. , Vignola G. , Feindt F. , Rastorguev D. , Spannagel S.
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the design and characterization of a
monolithic integrated circuit (IC) including digital silicon
photomultipliers (dSiPMs) arranged in a 32 × 32 pixel matrix
at 70 μm pitch. The IC provides per-quadrant time stamping
and hit-map readout, and is fabricated in a standard 150-nm CMOS
technology. Each dSiPM pixel consists of four single-photon
avalanche diodes (SPADs) sharing a quenching and subsequent
processing circuitry and has a fill factor of 30 %. A sub-100 ps
precision, 12-bit time-to-digital converter (TDC) provides
timestamps per quadrant with an acquisition rate of 3 MHz. Together
with the hit map, the total sustained data throughput of the IC
amounts to 4 Gbps. Measurements obtained in a dark,
temperature-stable environment as well as by using a pulsed laser
environment show the full dSiPM-IC functionality. The dark-count
rate (DCR) as function of the overvoltage and temperature, the TDC
resolution, differential and integral nonlinearity (DNL/INL) as well
as the propagation delays across the matrix are presented. With aid
of additional peripheral test structures, the main building blocks
are characterized and key parameters are presented.
Social innovation enablers to unlock a low energy demand future
Authors: Niamir Leila , Verdolini Elena , Nemet Gregory F
Published: January 2024

We initiate the process of developing a comprehensive low energy demand (LED) innovation narrative by applying the framework ‘Functions of Innovation Systems’ (FIS) and identifying the key conditions under which technology interventions can be improved and scaled up over the next three decades to contribute to climate change mitigation. Several studies have argued that the potential for LED-focused mitigation is much larger than previously portrayed and have shown that adopting a wide variety of energy-reducing activities would achieve emissions reductions compatible with a 1.5 C temperature target. Yet, how realistic achieving such a scenario might be or what processes would need to be in place to create a pathway to a LED outcome in mid-century, remain overlooked. This study contributes to understanding LED’s mitigation potential by outlining narratives of LED innovation in three end-use sectors: industry, transport, and buildings. Our analysis relies on the FIS approach to assess three innovations in these sectors. A key insight is that the distinct characteristics of LED technology make enabling social innovations crucial for their widespread adoption. Finally, we identify a set of eight social enablers required for unlocking LED pathways.
Springtime mesoscale convective systems over South China: a historic radar image-based analysis of climatological features, interannual variability, and potential connections with surface aerosol
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Fu Tzung-May , Hu Zhiqun , Liu Hongjun , Meng Zhiyong , Ma Leiming , Dai Jianhua , Zhang Feng
Published: January 2024

We objectively analyzed historic radar reflectivity images and diagnosed mature mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in South China during the spring season (March to May) of 2009–2019. Our goal was to understand the climatological features of mature MCSs, their interannual variations, and potential connections with surface aerosol pollution. Springtime MCSs over South China were most frequently observed in the central and east-coastal parts of Guangdong Province. The mean monthly half-hourly counts of MCSs over South China in March, April, and May were 103 ± 83, 274 ± 298, and 337 ± 225, respectively, with considerable variability from year to year. Approximately 89% of springtime MCSs over South China had a linear or quasi-linear structure, with convective precipitation covering on average 34% of the total precipitating area of each individual MCS, anmied 63% of MCSs consisted of a stratiform precipitation area trailing the convective precipitation. In March, MCSs occurred most frequently mid-day; in April and May, MCSs were most frequent around midnight. From 2013 to 2019, the MCS occurrences in April were significantly lower during years with more aerosol pollution days. This finding potentially supported our previous model study’s finding that elevated anthropogenic aerosol levels may suppress April MCS occurrences in South China via aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions. Further research is required to better understand the intricate relationship between aerosol abundance and MCS activities in this region.
Curvature-driven pathways interpolating between stationary points: the case of the pure spherical 3-spin model
Authors: Pacco Alessandro , Biroli Giulio , Ros Valentina
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on characterizing the energy profile along pathways connecting different regions of configuration space in the context of a prototypical glass model, the pure spherical p-spin model with p = 3. The study investigates pairs of stationary points (local minima or rank-1 saddles), analyzing the energy profile along geodesic paths and comparing them with ‘perturbed’ pathways correlated to the landscape curvature. The goal is to assess the extent to which information from the local Hessian matrices around stationary points can identify paths with lower energy barriers. Surprisingly, unlike findings in other systems, the direction of softest local curvature is not a reliable predictor of low-energy paths, except in the case in which the direction of softest curvature corresponds to an isolated mode of the Hessian. However, other information encoded in the local Hessian does allow the identification of pathways associated with lower energy barriers. We conclude commenting on implications for the system’s activated dynamics.
Optimal quantum speed for mixed states
Authors: Naderzadeh-ostad Ashraf , Akhtarshenas Seyed Javad
Published: January 2024

The question of how fast a quantum state can evolve is considered. Using the definition of squared speed based on the Euclidean distance given in (Brody and Longstaff 2019 Phys. Rev. Res.
2 033127), we present a systematic framework to obtain the optimal speed of a d-dimensional system evolved unitarily under a time-independent Hamiltonian. Among the set of mixed quantum states having the same purity, the optimal state is obtained in terms of its purity parameter. We show that for an arbitrary d, the optimal state is represented by a X-state with an additional property of being symmetric with respect to the secondary diagonal. For sufficiently low purities for which the purity exceeds the purity of maximally mixed state

I

/

d

by at most

2

/

d
2

, the only nonzero off-diagonal entry of the optimal state is

ϱ

1
d

, corresponding to the transition amplitude between two energy eigenstates with minimum and maximum eigenvalues, respectively. For larger purities, however, whether or not the other secondary diameter entries

ϱ

i
,
d
−
i
+
1

take nonzero values depends on their relative energy gaps

|

E

d
−
i
+
1

−

E

i

|

. The effects of coherence and entanglement, with respect to the energy basis, are also examined and found that for optimal states both resources are monotonic functions of purity, so they can cause speed up quantum evolution leading to a smaller quantum speed limit. Our results show that although the coherence of the states is responsible for the speed of evolution, only the coherence caused by some off-diagonal entries located on the secondary diagonal play a role in the fastest states.
Dried probiotics enhances immunity and liver function of final production laying hens maintained at upper temperatures zone
Authors: Adriani L , Permana R , Latipudin D
Published: January 2024

Dried probiotics (DP) are feed additives, capable of increasing body resistance and maintaining the balance of the microbial ecosystem in the digestive tract against pathogenic bacteria. Biological age and environmental temperature are important factors determining immunity and liver function. This investigation was performed to evaluate the effect of dry probiotics on immunity (lymphocytes, neutrophils and their balance) and liver function of layer-phase laying hens. This study used 40 layer-phase hens aged 70 weeks with the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. It was divided into 4 treatments and 5 replicates., each treatment was without dry probiotics in the diet, 2% dry probiotics in the diet, 3% dry probiotics in the diet, and 4% dry probiotics in the diet. Blood sampling was done every month during the three-month experimental period. The results showed that feeding 4% dry probiotics in the diet had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the levels of lymphocytes, neutrophils and transferase enzyme profile. The immunity and liver function of laying hens appeared to be optimized by feeding 4% dry probiotics in the ration.
Fatty acid composition of Albizia, Calliandra, Leucaena and Sesbania as tropical forage legumes
Authors: Yanza Y R , Niderkorn V , Jayanegara A
Published: January 2024

The objective of the present experiment was to determine fatty acids composition of Albizia falcataria (AF), Calliandra calothyrsus (CC), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), and Sesbania grandiflora (SG), both in the leaves and in the in vitro rumen fermentation system. Ground leaf samples of AF, CC, LL and SG were determined for their fatty acid (FA) profiles. The samples (200 mg DM each) were incubated in vitro in a rumen:buffer solution (1:2 v/v ratio) at 39°C for 24 h, either with or without the addition of linseed oil, conducted in four replicates. Following the incubation, the fermentation medium was subjected to fatty acid determination. Results revealed that the order of PUFA contents in the leaves from highest to lowest were CC>LL>SG>AF. Proportion of MUFA was particularly high in CC. Notably, the α-linolenic acid (ALA) concentration within the rumen after the in vitro incubation exhibited in the CC legume compared to the other observed legumes (P<0.05). Additionally, the in vitro incubation of CC resulted in the lowest concentration of stearic acid. The findings lead to the conclusion that CC exhibits more favorable FA profiles in the rumen when compared to the tropical forage tree-legumes in the present experiment.
Lipid regulation by early administration of irradiated chitosan and glutathione in heat-stressed broilers
Authors: Aritonang H N , Mushawwir A , Adriani L , Puspitasari T
Published: January 2024

This research was conducted to determine the effect of irradiated chitosan and glutathione on lipid regulation of broiler and its impact on free radical compounds. One hundred broiler starter phase as the objects of research. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with experimental protocols method, consisting of nine treatments and three replications. Each replication consist of five broilers, namely P0 = without giving chitosan and glutathione, PA1 = given 100 ppm chitosan from the age of 4-35 days, PA2 = 450 ppm chitosan from the age of 4-35 days, PA3 = 100 ppm chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione from the age of 4-35 days, PA4 = 100 ppm chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione from the age of 4-35 days, PB1 = 300 ppm chitosan from the age of 20-35 days, PB2 = 450 chitosan ppm since the age of 20-35 days, PB3 = 100 ppm chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione since the age of 20-35 days and PA4 = 100 ppm chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione since the age of 20-35 days. Parameters observed in this study, namely regulators and broiler lipid transport (Apo A1, Apo A2, Apo B, Apo C, HDL, LDL), plasma lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, NEFA), The results showed that the administration of irradiated chitosan and glutathione had a significant effect (P<0.05) on regulators and broiler lipid transport by fed 450 ppm of irradiated chitosan with 150 ppm of glutathione. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the administration of irradiated chitosan accompanied by glutathione induction in broiler rations can affect lipid regulation and biochemical aspects and performance as a result of this regulation. Giving chitosan as much as 450 ppm with 150 ppm induced glutathione since the early age of the finisher phase (20 days) was able to regulate lipid biosynthesis optimally with the best final body weight.
Blood profiles of Etawa crossbreed goats fed concentrates substitution diet with bread waste
Authors: Hanifa A , Widyawati S D , Hadi R F , Sudiyono S , Rokhmah T
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the maximum level of the use of bread waste as a substitute for concentrates on feed utilization by livestock through blood profiles consisting of the amount of hemoglobin, erythrocyte numbers, hematocrit levels and leukocyte numbers. The material used in this study was 15 lactating Etawa crossbreed goats. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with 3 treatments and 5 replicates. The feed treatment given was forage and concentrate with a composition of 20:80 with ration treatments namely P1 = Silages 20% + Concentrates 64% + Bread waste 16% + Zeolite 2%, P2 = Silages 20% + Concentrates 56% + Bread waste 24% + Zeolite 2%, P3 = Silages 20% + Concentrates 48% + Bread waste 32% + Zeolite 2%. The observed variables were hemoglobin level (g/dL), erythrocyte count (million/μL), hematocrit level (%) and leukocyte count (thousand/μL). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the blood profile which included hemoglobin levels, erythrocyte numbers, hematocrit levels and leukocyte numbers. Substitution of 24% bread flour in the ration gave the highest blood profile calculation results among the three treatments. The amount of Hemoglobin (g/dL) of P1, P2 and P3 were 8.88; 10.05 and 8.94. Erythrocyte numbers (million/μL). P1, P2 and P3 were 14.23; 15.92 and 14.59 respectively. Hematocrit levels (%) P1, P2 and P3 were 28.3; 30.98 and 28.72. Leukocyte numbers (thousand/μL) of P1, P2 and P3 were 13.68; 18.00 and 17.3. The conclusion of this study is that bread flour can be used as a substitute for concentrate up to 32% level in the ration and can maintain the blood profile of lactating Ettawa crossbreed goats in a normal state.
The villi ileum growth of native quail fed by irradiated chitosan with glutathione from early age in high temperature
Authors: Mushawwir A , Permana R , Darwis D , Puspitasari T
Published: January 2024

A total of 105 2-day-old quails (DOQ), reared at high temperature (390C) until 35 days of age, to investigate the effect of chitosan irradiated with early glutathione induction on ileal villus growth in quails. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with experimental method, consist of 5 treatments with 3 replications. Each replication consist of 7 DOQs. Treatment was given from day 4 to 35, namely P0 = basal diet without irradiated chitosan and glutathione, P1 = basal diet with 100 ppm irradiated chitosan, P2 = basal diet with 450 ppm irradiated chitosan, P3 = basal diet with 100 ppm irradiated chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione, P4 = basal diet with 450 ppm irradiated chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione. Sample was collected by choosing randomly one quail in each experimental unit so there are 15 samples. Parameters observed in this research were ileal morphometrics (ileal length, number, height, and width of ileal villi) and ileal villi cell profiles (number of goblet cells, normal cells, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells). The results showed that irradiated chitosan with glutathione induction had a significant effect (P<0,05) on morphometric and cell profile of ileal villi, except ileal length. The growth of villi ileum in quail optimal through 100 ppm irradiated chitosan with 150 ppm glutathione.
In vitro fermentation characteristic and digestibility of dairy ration supplemented with Aspergillus oryzae inoculum
Authors: Rakhmani S I W , Widiawati Y , Kusumaningrum D A , Ahmad S N
Published: January 2024

In vitro experiment has been carried out to study the effect of Aspergillus oryzae inoculum (AOI) supplementation on dairy cow rations. The observed effects include the digestibility of crude protein, NDF, dry matter and organic matter in the in vitro digestive system of the ration using rumen-buffer fluid mixture. The Experiment design using complete randomize design (CRD) consist of four treatments: Control (Commercial dairy feed), C2 (Commercial dairy feed + 2 g AOI), C4 (Commercial dairy feed + 4 g AOI) and C8 (Commercial dairy feed + 8 g AOI). The additional administration of 2, 4 and 8 grams of AOI/kg rations showed a significant difference (p<0.05) of the total volatile fatty acid content. However, the ratio of acetate/propionate (A/P) was reduced significantly. The highest increase in protein, fiber and dry matter digestibility was shown by C4 treatment (supplementation of 4 g AOI/kg ration). Based on the results of this in vitro study, the supplementation of AOI to dairy cow rations improves the digestibility of nutrients in feed.
Detection of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat in traditional markets in Surakarta City
Authors: Marsini M , Pawestri W , Wati A K , Yanti Y , Utami L
Published: January 2024

This research aims to detect the presence of penicillin, tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and macrolide antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Surakarta City. A total of 60 research samples were collected from traditional markets. Subsequently, the samples were examined at BBVet Wates, Yogyakarta, to identify the presence of antibiotic residues. The results showed that 16.67% of the chicken breast meat samples tested positive for penicillin and 10% showed traces of macrolide antibiotic residues. For chicken thigh meat, 63.33% tested positive for penicillin, while 3.33% contained macrolide antibiotic residues. However, no tetracycline and aminoglycoside antibiotic residues were detected in any of the meat samples. The presence of antibiotic residues can be attributed to several factors, including the excessive addition of antibiotics in feed, improper use of antibiotics in livestock. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that penicillin and macrolide antibiotic residues are still prevalent in broiler chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Surakarta. This shows there is a pressing need to strengthen guidance and supervision of antibiotic use regulations, as well as to monitor antibiotic residues in the meat before it reaches the market.
Determination of different spice powder levels for soft cheese based on milk
Authors: Arkan N D , Setyawardani T , Sumarmono J , Naufalin R , Santosa S S , Rahardjo A H D
Published: January 2024

This study aims to evaluate and determine the most optimal level of addition spice powder to soft cheese based on milk. The spice powders used are cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with the following treatment; T0: soft cheese without added spices powder; T1: soft cheese + 1% cinnamon powder; T2: soft cheese + 2% cinnamon powder; T3: soft cheese + 3% cinnamon powder; T4: soft cheese + 1% lemongrass powder; T5: soft cheese + 2% lemongrass powder; T6: soft cheese + 3% lemongrass powder; T7: soft cheese + 1% turmeric powder; T8: soft cheese + 2% turmeric powder; T9: soft cheese + 3% turmeric powder. The study design used a completely randomized design with three replications. Variables measured including pH, color (L*, a*, b*), total solids, and antioxidant activities using/via DPPH scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl). The soft cheese pH ranged from 5.60–6.26, with T0 was the lowest and T3 had the highest value. Total solids ranged from 38.87–66.77%, with T1 was the lowest and T3 had the highest value. Antioxidant activities ranged from 37.96–72.43%, with T0 was the lowest and T9 had the highest value. Soft cheese showed L* value 66.58–80.31, with T9 was the lowest and T0 had the highest value; a* value 3.47–12.44, with T6 was the lowest and T9 had the highest value; b* value 12.35–25.95, with T0 was the lowest and T9 had the highest value. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the level addition of 3% spice powder was the most optimal level for soft cheese, with the highest pH, total solids, antioxidant activity, redness, and yellowness.
A watershed sustainability model based on the integration of livestock, conservation agriculture, and local wisdom in Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo A , Suwarto S , Lestari E , Rahayu R
Published: January 2024

Watersheds play an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and protecting water resources. However, there are currently a number of environmental problems which threaten the sustainability of this ecosystem. The goal of this research is to describe a watershed sustainability model to deal with these problems. The research was carried out in the Keduang Watershed in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. A qualitative research method was used to gain a deep and comprehensive understanding and to adapt current methods to the developing situation through the integration of livestock, conservation agriculture, and local wisdom. The secondary data collected included the agriculture, livestock farming, and conservation conditions. The primary data were obtained through participative observation and in-depth interviews with farmers, livestock breeders, and stakeholders, to understand the practices used, the challenges faced, and the benefits felt. The data analysis used a process of coding, thematization, and grouping to identify the patterns, themes, and perspectives that emerged. The interpretation of results included an evaluation of the success, challenges, and benefits of the model applied. The research results show that the watershed sustainability model based on the integration of livestock, conservation agriculture, and local wisdom has a positive impact on economic, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects. This model can serve as a strong foundation for implementing sustainable agriculture and livestock farming practices, as well as contributing to the conservation of natural resources, and preserving local wisdom.
Analysis of livestock resources potential for the dairy cattle farming development in Plaosan district, Magetan regency
Authors: Rahayu E T , Purnomo S H , Sari A I , Emawati S , Dewanti R
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine the supporting resources and identify the base sector (LQ) for dairy cattle farming development in Plaosan Subdistrict, Magetan Regency. The experiment was conducted from May to July 2023, and Plaosan Subdistrict was selected as the location due to its reputation as the “Kampung Susu Lawu” (Lawu Milk Village), a well-known tourist destination. A total of 45 dairy cattle farmers who were members of livestock groups, participated as respondents. The primary data were collected from farmers, while secondary data were obtained from relevant government agencies and institutions. The analysis was carried out using both descriptive and Location Quotient (LQ) analyses, as well as the estimation of the potential and capacity of the region for dairy cattle farming development in the Plaosan Subdistrict. The results indicated that “Kampung Susu Lawu” possessed human resources among farmers that were relatively good for dairy cattle farming development. Farmers in the area tended to be in their productive age, with an average education level of junior and senior high school, and average ownership of 3 cows with less than 10 years of farming experience. The LQ analysis showed an LQ value of 3.59, signifying it as a base region, with growth share values were 7.1 and 42.1. In conclusion, the Plaosan Subdistrict in Magetan Regency has the potential for dairy cattle farming development
The potential of rabbit urine in converting household waste into fertilizer as the resilience of farmer family economics in sub-urban
Authors: Ferichani M
Published: January 2024

The objective of this research was to assess the economic potential of incorporating rabbit urine into the process of converting household waste into liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This analysis was conducted within farmer groups situated in Jetis Hamlet, Jati Village, Jaten District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. The rationale for selecting farmer groups as the focal point of this analysis lay in the current challenges faced by farmers. These particular groups were directly affected by the ongoing global fertilizer crisis, characterized by a scarcity of subsidized products and escalating prices, thereby posing a threat to national food security. This research served as a pilot project with the potential for replication on a multispatial and national scale, fundamentally supporting national food security. The economic carrying capacity of the LOF produced was determined by comparing the results of laboratory tests on LOF nutrient content, both with and without using rabbit urine in the conversion of household waste. Based on the application of homemade LOF with rabbit urine supplements over 3000m2 of rice farming, the economic calculations showed that the total variable cost (VC) savings was 32.17%. Each planting season the potential for additional income for farmer households, with homemade LOF priced at IDR 30,000 per liter, totaling IDR 2,610,000. It was important to observe that market prices for LOF were around IDR 90,000 per liter. The homemade LOF had a substantial R/C ratio of 20,157. This research aimed to establish economic behavior patterns among suburban rice farmers that corroborated with natural principles. Simultaneously, it attempted to strengthen family economic resilience by creating independent economic resources serving as buffers for farming families. These resources were integral to supporting sustainable agricultural programs and reinforcing national food security.
Prevalence and progression of Lumpy Skin Disease cases in cattle over the six months leading up to Eid al-Adha in 2023 in the Cirebon District of West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Murti N T , Safitri E , Srianto P , Madyawati S P , Rofikoh A R
Published: January 2024

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a disease of ruminant caused by virus of Capripox genus Poxviridae family which result in skin damage up to leave deep holes in the muscle of cattle and even death. The morbidity rate of LSD is quite high but the mortality rate is low. The LSD outbreak was quite disturbing for the people, especially leading up to Eid al-Adha because the legal requirements for sacrificial animals are that they are healthy and without defects. The aim of this paper was to determine prevalence and progression of LSD in cattle in Cirebon District from January to June 2023 or over the six months leading up to Eid al-Adha in 2023. Data on LSD infected, recovered, forcibly slaughtered and killed cattle due to LSD were needed. During this period, LSD has spread to 82 villages in 32 sub-districts with 454 cases out of a total cattle population of 4373 (prevalence was 10.83%). Meanwhile, the progression of LSD cases have improved with a significant cure rate of 137 cattle in response to LSD treatment.
Molecular detection of Trypanosoma lewisi in rodents distributed in dairy cattle pens and residential areas
Authors: Wardhana AH , Sawitri DH , Wiedosari E , Susanti  , Mulyadi A , Kurniawan A , Sinaga LA , Hasibuan P , Nasution H , Rachmawati F , Hamid PH , Ristiyanto
Published: January 2024

The World Organisation for Animal Health continues to be concerned about the spread of atypical human-animal trypanosomiasis.Trypanosoma lewisiis one of the rodent-origin zoonotic trypanosomiasis. Despite the fact that many cases ofT. lewisiin humans have been documented in several nations, the study of this pathogenic parasite in Indonesia remains limited. The objective of this investigation was to use a molecular approach to detectT. lewisiin rats captured in livestock pens and residential areas. In Pondok Ranggon Village, Cipayung District, East Jakarta, 14 traps were placed in dairy cattle pens and a total of 50 traps were installed outside and inside houses in Lhoksukon and Ceubrek Villages, Lhoksukon District, North Aceh. The captured rats were identified, sedated, and examined for ectoparasites. The blood of rats was then analysed using Giemsa-stained thin blood films and PCR with TRYP1R and TRYP1S primers. The majority of theRattus speciescaptured in three locations wereR. tanezumi(62.07%), followed byR. norvegicus(6.90%) andR. exulans(3.4%).Xenopsylla cheopiswere predominant insect found in the present study (60%), followed byLaelaps echidninus(20%),Laelaps nutalli(12%), andOrnithonyssus bacoti(8%). According to the total flea index, rats captured from cattle pens had fewer fleas than rats from other locations. The molecular analysis revealed thatT. lewisiwas present in 46.15% of rats captured in human settlements and 66.67% of rats captured in the dairy cattle pens. PCR result also demonstrated that positiveT. lewisifound higher in inside house (66.67%) compared to outside house (28.57%). It indicates that trypanosome infections are prevalent in rats from domestic environments and cattle pens, and thatR. tanezumican potentially serve as a source of parasites for both animals and humans through fleas acting as vectors.
Do Standard-Essential Patent Owners Behave Opportunistically? Evidence From U.S. District Court Dockets
Authors: Love Brian J , Lefouili Yassine , Helmers Christian
Published: January 2024

To what extent and with what effect do owners of standard-essential patents (SEPs) “hold-up” companies that produce standard-compliant products? To explore this question, we construct measures of opportunistic patent licensing behaviors using detailed information collected from the dockets of U.S. patent cases filed (2010–2019) to enforce SEPs and a matched sample of non-SEPs. Overall, we find evidence of at least one opportunistic behavior by the patent enforcer in approximately 77% of SEP and 65% of non-SEP assertions in court. However, these figures mask important heterogeneity across types of conduct. There is significantly more opportunistic conduct that tends to increase a potential licensee’s loss if the patent enforcer prevails in court: 35% of SEP assertions versus 10% of non-SEP assertions. In contrast, conduct that tends to increase a potential licensee’s litigation costs is less common, and the difference between SEP assertions (8%) and non-SEP assertions (6%) is small. We also show that opportunistic behavior is associated with case settlement, with the direction and strength of the correlation depending on the type of opportunistic behavior. Behavior that increases a potential licensee’s litigation costs is associated with an increase in the probability of settlement, while behavior that increases a potential licensee’s loss if the patent enforcer prevails in court is negatively associated with settlement.
Sociolinguistic Analysis with Missing Metadata? Leveraging Linguistic and Semiotic Resources Through Deep Learning to Investigate English Variation and Change on Twitter
Authors: Gonzales Wilkinson Daniel Wong
Published: January 2024

This paper highlights a language and sign-based computational solution to the problem of missing social metadata on Twitter (now, ‘X’): demographic prediction using Deep Learning. It aims to apply this method to variationist sociolinguistics research, illustrating how the approach can facilitate analyses with missing metadata (i.e. stylistic age and sex/gender) by deriving this metadata solely from publicly available linguistic and semiotic resources on Twitter profiles (e.g. display pictures and biographies). I use my investigations of English tweets from the Philippines and Hong Kong as case examples, examining the extent to which the use of the copula and the use of will-shall modals on social media are conditioned by diachronic factors as well as factors internal and external to language (e.g. social factors). The results reveal the influence of stylistic gender and age as well as other factors on patterns of variation. They offer a glimpse into the nuanced sociolinguistic aspects of language usage on social media, highlighting the advantages of utilizing AI-powered Deep Learning to tackle data-related challenges. The discoveries and methodology hold the possibility of influencing other fields and practical situations beyond the study of language and society.
Coiled-coil domain containing 159 is required for spermatid head and tail assembly in mice
Authors: Ge Tingting , Yuan Lu , Xu Linwei , Yang Fan , Xu Wenhua , Niu Changmin , Li Guanghua , Zhou Huiping , Zheng Ying
Published: January 2024

The centrosome is critical for maintaining the sperm head–tail connection and the formation of flagellar microtubules. In this study, we found that in mouse testes, CCDC159 (coiled-coil domain-containing protein 159) is specifically localized to the head–tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) of spermatids, a structure that ensures sperm head–tail tight conjunction. CCDC159 contains a C-terminal coiled-coil domain that functions as the centrosomal localization signal. Gene knockout (KO) of Ccdc159 in mice resulted in acephalic spermatozoa, abnormal flagella, and male infertility. To explore the mechanism behind CCDC159 regulating spermatogenesis, we identified CCDC159-binding proteins using a yeast two-hybrid screen and speculated that CCDC159 participates in HTCA assembly by regulating protein phosphatase PP1 activity. Further RNA-sequencing analyses of Ccdc159 KO testes revealed numerous genes involved in male gamete generation that were downregulated. Together, our results show that CCDC159 in spermatids is a novel centrosomal protein anchoring the sperm head to the tail. Considering the limitation of KO mouse model in clarifying the biological function of CCDC159 in spermatogenesis, a gene-rescue experiment will be performed in the future.