bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Science intensive technologies in shaping at current stage of mechanical engineering development
Authors: Демин В. , Demin V.
Published: April 2016

Current approaches to the analysis of metal shaping. It is pointed out that at the current stage it is necessary to design processes ensuring a specified material structure and an essential reserve of plasticity. Particular consideration is given to the problem of manufacturing products of powder and incompact materials. The approaches to the problem solution of metal stamping having anisotropic stress-strain properties are widely covered. It is offered to use methods of experiment planning for processing the results of computational modeling. It is offered to include random characteristics into a solution which could change at new metal lot obtaining. It is shown that changes in geometry, techniques and stress-strain properties can result in the considerable changes of values during metal shaping.
Past the Point of Speeding Up: The Negative Effects of Workload Saturation on Efficiency and Patient Severity
Authors: Berry Jaeker Jillian A. , Tucker Anita L.
Published: April 2016

Service organizations face a trade-off between high utilization and responsiveness. High utilization can improve financial performance, but causes congestion, which increases throughput time. Employees may manage this trade-off by reducing processing times during periods of high workload, resulting in an inverted U-shaped relationship between utilization and throughput time. Using two years of inpatient data from 203 California hospitals, we find evidence that patient length of stay (LOS) increases as occupancy increases, until a tipping point, after which patients are discharged early to alleviate congestion. More interestingly, we find a second tipping point—at 93% occupancy—beyond which additional occupancy leads to a longer LOS. These results are indicative of a workload-related “saturation effect” where employees can no longer overcome high workload by speeding up. Our data suggest that the saturation effect is due to an increase in the workload requirements of the remaining patients. Collectively, we find that the underlying relationship between occupancy and LOS is N-shaped. Consequently, managers who seek cost efficiencies via a strategy of high utilization in tandem with speeding up may find that their strategy backfires because there is a point at which employees are no longer able to compensate for a high workload by working harder, and throughput time counterproductively increases. We perform a counterfactual analysis and find that an alternate strategy of employing flexible labor when faced with high occupancy levels might be a more productive approach, and could save the hospitals in our sample up to $138 million over 23 months.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
The User Innovation Paradigm: Impacts on Markets and Welfare
Authors: Gambardella Alfonso , Raasch Christina , von Hippel Eric
Published: April 2016

Innovation has traditionally been seen as the province of producers. However, theoretical and empirical research now shows that individual users—consumers—are also a major and increasingly important source of new product and service designs. In this paper, we build a microeconomic model of a market that incorporates demand-side innovation and competition. We explain the conditions under which firms find it beneficial to invest in supporting and harvesting users’ innovations, and we show that social welfare rises when firms utilize this source of innovation. Our modeling also indicates reasons for policy interventions with respect to a mixed user and producer innovation economy. From the social welfare perspective, as the share of innovating users in a market increases, profit-maximizing firms tend to switch “too late” from a focus on internal research and development to a strategy of also supporting and harvesting user innovations. Underlying this inefficiency are externalities that the producer cannot capture. Overall, our results explain when and how the proliferation of innovating users leads to a superior division of innovative labor involving complementary investments by users and producers, both benefitting producers and increasing social welfare.

This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Shuttle Planning for Link Closures in Urban Public Transport Networks
Authors: van der Hurk Evelien , Koutsopoulos Haris N. , Wilson Nigel , Kroon Leo G. , Maróti Gábor
Published: April 2016

Urban public transport systems must periodically close certain links for maintenance, which can have significant effects on the service provided to passengers. In practice, the effects of closures are mitigated by replacing the closed links with a simple shuttle service. However, alternative shuttle services could reduce inconvenience at a lower operating cost. This paper proposes a model to select shuttle lines and frequencies under budget constraints. We propose a new formulation that allows a minimal frequency restriction on any line that is operated and minimizes passenger inconvenience cost, which includes transfers and frequency-dependent waiting time costs. This model is applied to a shuttle design problem based on a real-world case study of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority network of Boston, Massachusetts. The results show that additional shuttle routes can reduce passenger delay compared to the standard industry practice, while also distributing delay more equally over passengers, at the same operating budget. The results are robust under different assumptions about passenger route choice behavior. Computational experiments show that the proposed formulation, coupled with a preprocessing step, can be solved faster than prior formulations.
Looking at the prejudice facing SEND and LGBT+ students
Authors: Feuchtwang Anna
Published: April 2016

The prejudice facing SEND students who are LGBT+ can be severe and it is important to get the curriculum and school policies right, says Anna Feuchtwang.
Diabetes: Preventing and managing hypoglycaemia
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: April 2016

Diabetes can have a subtantial impact on children and young people, as well as their family or carers. This article discusses the importance of adequate blood glucose monitoring and how to recognise and treat hypoglycaemia.
Sharing best practice: Basic life support with defibrillators
Authors: Adamson Brian
Published: April 2016

With experience gained from more than a decade of working in pre-hospital care, Brian Adamson shares some good practice on the use of AEDs in schools and outlines some of the measures that he believes can help further improve emergency care and survival rates.
Why do we need to take a medical history?
Authors: Sharma Priya
Published: April 2016

Priya Sharma highlights the difficult categories of medications and the potential impact it may have on a patient's oral health
Becoming an orthodontic therapist
Authors: Buahin Beverley
Published: April 2016

Orthodontic therapists are a class of dental care professionals and play an important role within the dental team. This article explains the roles and responsibilities and the training pathway to become an orthodontic therapist
Individual indemnity: what dental nurses need to know
Authors: Collier Andrew
Published: April 2016

Individual indemnity is an important part of a dental nurse's registration with the General Dental Council. Andrew Collier looks at it in more detail and why it is so important
Developing your (dental nurse) career
Authors: Brooks Janine
Published: April 2016

Janine Brooks looks at the opportunities – and explains why you should grab any that may come your way!
Risk assessments in dentistry
Authors: Talati Shilla
Published: April 2016

As part of the Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, all employers are required to assess the risks to those in the workplace and any others who may be affected.
Use of ozone therapy together to low power laser in osteonecrosis induced bisphosphonates - Clinical case
Authors: Moraes Michelle Bianchi , Lopes Gabriel da Silva , Nascimento Rodrigo Dias , Gonçalves Fernanda de Cássia Papaiz , Santos Lucio Murilo dos , Raldi Fernando Vagner
Published: April 2016

Considering the probable causal association between the use of bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaw, as well as the high number of prescriptions and use these drugs every year, this paper aims to show different treatment. The combined use of ozone therapy and laser therapy in tissue regeneration  and bone repair in patients with osteonecrosis induced by bisphosphonates, held by the discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology, Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Female patient, white, 53 years after a breast cancer had an evolution for bone metastases throughout the body, and start the chemotherapy treatment using intra-venous pamidronate 90 mg monthly from 2007 which has been used to the present day, due to disease stabilization. The patient sought the institution complaining of painful symptoms in the mandible and maxilla, and the clinical examination and CT were diagnosed initial sites suggestive of osteonecrosis induced by bisphosphonates. In seeking to reduce the symptoms and clinical signs, to prevent progress in the lesions, we recommend treatment by ozone therapy together to infrared low-power laser, which showed satisfactory reduction in bone necrosis sites. Although there are wide variations and difficulties in treatments for osteonecrosis induced by bisphosphonates, it was possible regression of the lesions through the joint processing applied, and the improvement in life expectancy of the patient.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the hard palate: a rare entity in oral cavity
Authors: Pinto Antonione Santos Bezerra , De Araújo Vera Cavalcanti , Santos Fabrício Passador , Filho José Ferreira de Menezes , Siqueira Viviane , Soares Andresa Borges
Published: April 2016

A case of solitary fibrous tumor is reported. Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare neoplasia characterized by the proliferation of fusiform cells of mesenchymal origin accounting for at least 2% of all soft tissue tumors. In this present case, the initial diagnosis was salivary gland tumor because of the location in the hard palate. Histologically, the tumor was composed by conjunctive tissue with proliferation of oval and fusiform cells. The immunohistochemical analysis was positive for CD34 and CD99. The lesion was treated by surgical resection. The clinical, imaging, histological and immunohistochemical data are discussed in this study.  KeywordsSolitary fibrous tumor; Oral cavity; Hard palate; Differential diagnosis.
Myoepithelioma in accessory parotid gland: report of a rare case
Authors: Silva Henrique Alves Pinto , Lopes Júnior Carlos Bauer Namem , Oliveira Isaac Nilton Fernandes , Mainenti Pietro
Published: April 2016

Myoepithelioma is a benign tumor of the salivary gland that mainly affects the parotid gland. The presence of an accessory parotid gland is an anatomical variation and neoplasms in this structure are extremely rare. This paper describes a case of a myoepithelioma arising in the accessory parotid gland of a 29-year-old woman. To the author´s knowledge this is the seventh case reported in English. The patient´s complaint was about a five year growing mass in the left cheek with a sudden growth outbreak. The patient underwent surgery via an intra-oral approach and the histopathology and the immunohistochemistry disclosed a myoepithelioma.
A Clinical Report of Functional and Esthetic Oral Rehabilitation in a High-caries-risk Child: One-year follow-up
Authors: Kantovitz Kamila Rosamilia , Papa Anna Maria Cia , Sacramento Patrícia Almada , Gavião Maria Beatriz Duarte , Puppin-Rontani Regina Maria , Pascon Fernanda Miori
Published: April 2016

This case discusses a multi-disciplinary approach to oral functional and esthetic rehabilitation on a high-caries-risk child with prematurely lost primary teeth due to endodontic complications associated with wide-spread dental caries. The patient was diagnosed with an anterior open bite and atypical swallowing. He exhibited anxiety and low self-esteem due to esthetic impairment. A combination of targeted clinical procedures, a focus on oral home care and active parental involvement was integral to the treatment process. The patient was examined monthly by a pediatric dentist regarding dietary habits, fluoride exposure, biofilm presence, caries prevalence, and malocclusion. Improvement was evident in patient’s masticatory function, facial esthetics, and psychological behavior at a 12-month follow-up evaluation.KeywordsDeciduous; Dental Caries; Mouth Rehabilitation; Tooth.
Nd:YAG laser influence on the hybridization quality, employing total-etching or self-etching adhesives: sem analysis
Authors: Kuwana Andressa da Silva , Balducci Ivan , Firoozmand Leily Macedo , Barcellos Daphne Camara , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva
Published: April 2016

Background: The application of Nd:YAG laser on dentin with the adhesive system non-polymerized can influenced the quality of hybrid layer formed. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess through analysis by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), the Nd:YAG laser influence on the hybridization quality, using conventional Adper Single Bond (SB) or self-etching Clearfil SE Bond-Kuraray (CSEB) adhesives. Methods: Nine bovine incisors were treated on their incisal with SB and with CSEB in their cervical portion. They were divided into 3 groups with 6 specimens in each and treated as follows; G1- adhesive system and polymerization; G2- adhesive system, laser (60mJ/pulse) and polymerization; G3- adhesive system, laser (140mJ/pulse) and polymerization. All samples were restored with composite resin (Filtek Z350-3M). The thickness, the presence of failures (gap/porosity) and tags/microtags in the hybrid layer were analyzed using the SEM. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests 5%. Results: The highest average of hybrid layer thickness (1.89±0.15) was observed for G3 and the smallest was observed for G1-CSEB (1.36±0.14). The multiple comparison of ratio test showed that the smallest prevalence of failures was for G3-CSEB and the best performance for the presence of tags/microtags was found for G2-SB. Conclusion: Independent of the adhesive system used, the Nd:YAG laser, according to the parameter applied, had a positive influence on the hybridization quality.
Evaluation of bond strength of composite resin to enamel demineralized, exposed to remineralization and subjected to caries infiltration
Authors: Dos Reis Bruna Chrispim , Lacerda Ana Julia Faria de , Canepele Taciana Marco Ferraz , Borges Alessandra Bühler , Yui Karen Cristina Kazue , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Pucci Cesar Rogerio
Published: April 2016

Objective: To evaluate the bond strength between resin composite and different enamel substrates: sound enamel; demineralized enamel submitted or not to remineralization; and demineralized enamel infiltrated with aninfiltrating resin. Material and Methods: 120 bovine teeth were selected, the root portion was removed and the enamel finished. Specimens were divided into the following groups: (A) Control (n=24): adhesively treated and restored; (B) (n=96): the samples were immersed in a demineralization solution to create white spot lesions and divided into four subgroups: (B1) demineralized enamel; (B2) samples were stored in artificial saliva (8 weeks); (B3) samples were stored in a 0.05% sodium fluoride solution (1 min day/8 weeks); (B4) samples were treated with an infiltrant resin (Icon, DMG). The groups were treated with one of the following adhesives: Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (Kuraray) or Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE), followed by the resin composite application (Filtek Z 350 XT, 3M ESPE). The specimens were submitted to thermalcycling aging (10,000 ×; 2±5ºC, 50±55ºC and 37°± 2°C). The specimens were sectioned into prism shapes with ~1mm² of base and submitted to microtensile test. The collected data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey´s test (?= 5%). Results: The Means (±SD) in MPa were: Clearfill S3 Bond Plus: Control (17.17±3.52); B1 (11.60±0.74); B2 (6.83±1.87); B3 (8.38±1.59) and B4 (27.00±1.76); Single Bond Universal: Control (26.26±3.19); B1 (10.94±2.00); B2 (11.05±1.74); B3 (15.63±1.25) and B4 (22.60±2.29). Conclusion: The surface infiltrated with an infiltrating resin (Icon) did not negatively affect the bond strength between resin composite and enamel. The demineralized and remineralized groups with sodium fluoride and artificial saliva presented statistically lower results when compared to the other groups.
Effect of the photoinitiator system on the properties of a dental material based on a hybrid polymer
Authors: Venter Sandro Aurélio de Souza , Martim Gedalias Custódio , Santos Andressa dos , Detomini Tiago Roerto , Radovanovic Eduardo , Girotto Emerson Marcelo
Published: April 2016

Objective: In this study, the effects of two different cure protocols upon the properties of composites using a hybrid-polymer as dental resin were evaluated. Material and Methods: Two distinct dental composites were prepared, one containing a mixture of TEGDMA/bis-GMA (50:50) and, another containing a mixture of TEGDMA/p-MEMO (50:50), [p-MEMO: oligomeric inorganic precursor]. Both composites were polymerized with lucirin and canphorquinone as photoinitiators. The composites were made with a 70 % wt of inorganic filler. Flexural strength was evaluated with a universal test machine and the degree of conversion was measured by infrared spectroscopy. A helium pycnometer was used to obtain polymer shrinkage data. Sorption tests were performed and SEM microscopy was used to show deleterious effects upon the resins’ surfaces. Results: The sample base on TEGDMA/p-MEMO polymerized with lucirin (L-T/p) showed the best values of the monitored properties. Conclusion: Lucirin is the most suitable photoinitiator for dental composites containing hybrid polymers.KeywordsDental resins; Flexural strength; Hybrid polymer; Photoinitiator system; Polymerization shrinkage.
Evaluation of TMD signals and symptoms in individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment
Authors: Tanaka Michelle Mayumi Yokoya , Jóias Renato Morales , Jóias Renata Pilli , Josgrilberg Erika Botelho , Rode Sigmar de Mello
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: verificar a presença de sinais e sintomas de DTM em indivíduos em tratamento ortodôntico. Material e Métodos: foram avaliados 28 indivíduos que estavam em tratamento ortodôntico na clínica de uma faculdade do estado de São Paulo. Para identificar a presença de DTM foi utilizado o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC-TMD). A dor foi avaliada pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). A amplitude, dor e ruído durante os movimentos mandibulares, além da dor à palpação de músculos intra e extra orais e cervicais foram aferidos pelo Índice Craniomandibular (ICM). O limiar de dor à pressão foi avaliado por meio de algômetro. Os valores médios e desvio padrão foram obtidos e a análise foi expressa em porcentagem. Resultados: o RDC-TMD demonstrou que a maioria dos indivíduos não apresentaram DTM, que 3,57% apresentaram osteoartrite, 10,71% artralgia, 3,57% deslocamento de disco sem redução, 7% dor miofascial e 14,28% dor miofascial com limitação de abertura; A EVA evidenciou dor média de 1,37 cm (DP=1,4). A média do ICM foi de 0,26 (DP=0,14). O limiar de dor à pressão aferido com algômetro foi de 3,7 (DP=1,7) para o m. temporal anterior e de 3,00 (DP=1,2) para o feixe superficial do m. masseter inferior. Conclusão: foram observados sinais e sintomas de DTM em 39,13% dos indivíduos em tratamento ortodôntico.
PREVALÊNCIA E SENSIBILIDADE DE MICROORGANISMOS ISOLADOS EM UROCULTURAS NO ESPIRITO SANTO, BRASIL
Authors: FARIA RONALDO JOSÉ FARIA JOSÉ , BAZONI PATRÍCIA SILVA BAZONI SILVA , FERREIRA CARLOS EDUARDO FARIA FERREIRA FARIA
Published: April 2016

A infecção do trato urinário (ITU) é uma das mais frequentes infecções bacterianas que ocorrem no ser humano, sendo considerada a segunda infecção mais frequente mundo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e descrever o perfil de prevalência e de sensibilidade de microrganismos isolados em uroculturas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal que envolveu a análise retrospectiva de dados existentes em livros de registro de uroculturas realizadas no período de dezembro de 2012 a abril de 2013, em um laboratório de análises clínicas da rede particular de laboratórios da região sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. Foram analisadas 413 uroculturas positivas e os seus respectivos antibiogramas para a obtenção da prevalência de microrganismos e do seu perfil de sensibilidade. Das uroculturas analisadas, 87,9% pertenciam a pacientes do sexo feminino, e o uropatogênico mais prevalente foi a Escherichia coli, sendo detectada em 71,0% das uroculturas. Dos antimicrobianos testados, a ampicilina foi o que apresentou menor atividade contra os uropatogênicos, inibindo efetivamente o crescimentode apenas 42,3% dos agentes isolados, seguido do sulfametoxazol-trimetoprina (60,0%), cefalotina (65,1%) e cefazolina (69,7%). A frequência do uropatogênico isolado e o seu perfil de sensibilidade e resistência varia de acordo com a região e população estudada.
TRIAGEM FITOQUÍMICA E AVALIAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES TROMBOLÍTICA E CITOTÓXICA DE CECROPIA HOLOLEUCA MIQ. (URTICACEAE), LIPPIA ALBA (MILL.) N.E.BR. EX P. WILSON (VERBENACEAE) E ZANTHOXYLUM RHOIFOLIUM LAM (RUTACEAE)
Authors: Gomes João Victor Dutra , Faitanin Rafael Destefani , Brasileiro Beatriz Gonçalves , Silveira Damaris , Jamal Claudia Masrouah
Published: April 2016

Cecropia hololeuca, Lippia alba, e Zanthoxylum rhoifolium são espécies vegetais de ocorrência natural no Brasil, características de regiões de Mata Atlântica e, dentro de suas finalidades medicinais, estão incluídas ação anti-hipertensiva, digestiva e no tratamento de malária. Neste estudo, foram avaliados o perfil químico e as atividades citotóxica e trombolítica do extrato etanólico das folhas destas espécies vegetais. O perfil químico dos extratos foi obtido através de ensaios fitoquímicos clássicos, a fim de identificar as classes químicas presentes. A atividade citotóxica foi avaliada frente a Artemia salina e a atividade trombolítica foi determinada in vitro a partir da lise em coágulo de sangue humano. Os testes fitoquímicos indicaram a presença de alcaloides e flavonoides nos três extratos investigados. Saponinas, triterpenos e naftoquinonas foram detectados apenas em C. hololeuca. Esta não demonstrou citotoxicidade frente Artemia salina (DL50 >1000 ppm), enquanto Z. rhoifolium apresentou DL50 igual a 719,44 ppm e L. alba <250 ppm, o que indica atenção quanto a segurança no uso desta planta medicinal. A atividade trombolítica de L. alba e C. hololeuca foi de 6,43 ±2,08 e 9,64 ±1,83 %, respectivamente, demonstrando baixa atividade. Já Z. rhoifolium alcançou lise de 24,71 ±10,52 %, indicando promissora atividade (p <0,001). A atividade trombolítica de Z. rhoifolium justifica novos estudos, a fim de investigar os componentes responsáveis pela atividade. Perante a literatura, este é o primeiro relato da avaliação da atividade trombolítica destas espécies vegetais. Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho contribuem para o conhecimento químico-biológico das respectivas espécies.
ESTUDO DAS INTERAÇÕES MEDICAMENTOSAS EM PRESCRIÇÕES DE PACIENTES DE UMA CLÍNICA-ESCOLA DE FISIOTERAPIA
Authors: Popets Jean Charles , Andrade Gustavo Batista , Stroka Alessandra , Rostelato-Ferreira Sandro
Published: April 2016

Pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas são, em sua maioria, usuários de uma grande quantidade de medicamentos, sendo conhecida como polifarmácia. Estes indivíduos possuem maior possibilidade de sofrerem efeitos nocivos das interações medicamentosas, o que não deixou de ser diferente com os pacientes da Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Universidade Paulista UNIP, Campus Sorocaba. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar as prescrições médicas dos pacientes da Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da UNIP-Sorocaba, evidenciando os aspectos das interações medicamentosas nos usuários dos serviços fisioterapêuticos. Foram analisadas as prescrições médicas dos pacientes da área de neurologia e ortopedia  em tratamento de fisioterapia. Os resultados obtidos foram de uma grande variedade de medicamentos em uso por esses pacientes, que apresentaram fármacos de 1 a 14 interações com outros fármacos. Os fármacos mais utilizados foram na área de cardiologia (16,98%), com elevada predominância de associações de losartana e hidroclorotiazida, estando presentes em 28,57% das prescrições analisadas. A hipertensão estando em conjunto com o diabetes causa a piora da saúde, aumentando a necessidade de medicamentos a serem usados nestes pacientes. Conclui-se que as principais interações apresentadas nas prescrições dos pacientes da Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Unip Sorocaba ocorreram entre as classes de anti-hipertensivos, anti-inflamatórios não-esteroides e hipoglicemiantes, ratificando a necessidade do profissional farmacêutico visando o uso racional de medicamentos.
ANÁLISE FITOQUÍMICA E AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSCEPTIBILIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE EXTRATOS DE Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae)
Authors: Ventura Paulo Augusto Oliveira , Jesus João Paulo Oliveira , Nogueira José Ribamar de Souza , Galdos-Riveros Alvaro Carlos
Published: April 2016

Plantago major L. is a plant from the European continent, used for medicinal purposes. It presents hematopoietic activity, and has been in the treatment of leukemia, carcinoma and against viruses. Other activities include antiparasitic, diuretic, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory. Ttherefore, this study evaluated the phytochemical profile of aqueous, ethanol and hydroalcoholic extracts of Plantago major L. leaves, as well as the antimicrobial action to Gram-positive and Gramnegativestrains. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes and glycosides. Antimicrobial analysis demonstrated ethanol extracts and hydroalcoholic of Plantago major L. have an antimicrobial action to Staphylococcus aureus, through the actions of bioactive metabolites with antimicrobialactivity, such as tannins and flavonoids, which would become the Plantago major L. possible candidate for a new herbal medicine.
ARMAZENAMENTO DE MEDICAMENTOS EM UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE DE MACAÍBA, RN, BRASIL
Authors: Tinôco de Sousa Simão Renato Wagner , Mariz Batista Almária
Published: April 2016

Este estudo avaliou o armazenamento de medicamentos em 22 unidades básicas de saúde do município de Macaíba, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, no período de janeiro a março de 2012. Para isto, foi realizada verificação in loco da infraestrutura e observação da rotina do serviço destas unidades, além de aplicação de Roteiro de Inspeção, com base na RDC nº 44/09, o que proporcionou subsídios para contextualização do papel do farmacêutico frente à assistência farmacêutica no local.Para identificação e análise dos medicamentos com prazo de validade expirado, foram utilizadas a Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais e a Relação Municipal de Medicamentos Essenciais do município. Nenhuma das farmácias destas unidades apresentava responsável técnico farmacêutico, manual sobre armazenamento de medicamentos, controle de umidade e temperatura. Em todas as farmácias havia medicamentos com prazo de validade expirado, abrangendo 1395 unidades mínimas não fracionadas, pertencendo a 31 classes farmacológicas diferentes e abrangendo 34 especialidadesfarmacêuticas. Os resultados revelam a precariedade em que se encontram estas unidades e, consequentemente, de suas respectivas farmácias, o que pressupõe a necessidade de atuação mais intensa por parte de gestores, vigilância sanitária e Conselhos Regional e Federal de Farmácia.
Competencias científicas que propician docentesde Ciencias naturales
Authors: Arteta Vargas Judith Elena , Coronado Borja Milfred E.
Published: April 2016

El propósito del presente trabajo fue determinar los desempeños científicos que dos docentes de ciencias naturales propician en los educandos de noveno grado y mostrar las diferentes estrategias didácticas utilizadas por los docentes de ciencias naturales, para propiciar las competencias científicas en el aula, permitiendo así, retroalimentar el acto educativo para lograr un proceso de formación integral. A través de un estudio de caso se pudo determinar que las competencias científicas que propician los docentes de Ciencias Naturales de la Institución Educativa pública son: identificar, indagar, comunicar, explicar y trabajar en grupo. De estas competencias, en las cuatro primeras, los alumnos tienen un desempeño limitado mientras que la última es fortaleza en el proceso educativo de los discentes.
Impacto del programa Ciudadano Digital en la incorporación de TIC en el proceso de enseñanza por parte de algunos maestros de la Institución Educativa Centro de Comercio de Piedecuesta, Santander
Authors: Castrillón Díaz Luis Eduardo , Álvarez Santoyo Juan Hildebrando
Published: April 2016

El artículo muestra los resultados de la investigación que evaluaba el impacto del programa Ciudadano Digital en la incorporación de TIC en una Institución Educativa de Piedecuesta, Santander (Colombia). El estudio utilizó metodología cualitativa de tipo analítica con datos recolectados de docentes, el ICFES, el sistema de registro académico y los planes de área/asignatura institucionales, en contraste con el plan de estudios del curso Maestros públicos competentes en TIC. Los resultados indican que el impacto ha sido positivo (con excepción del área de matemáticas) en la calidad de las pruebas estatales.
Deconstructing the I and SLA in ISLA: One curricular approach
Authors: Leow Ronald P. , Cerezo Luis
Published: April 2016

Instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) has been referenced in the larger field of the SLA literature for over two and a half decades. Currently, there are several theoretical underpinnings accounting for processes assumed to play a role in ISLA and quite an impressive number of studies have empirically addressed some aspect(s) of ISLA. Recently, a lengthy and relatively cohesive treatise of this substrand of SLA research in relation to both theoretical, empirical, and pedagogical perspectives has been published in two books (cf. Leow, 2015a; Loewen, 2015), and a new model of the L2 learning process in ISLA has been proposed (Leow, 2015a). These publications are timely and important given that the concept of ISLA not only needs to be clearly defined but also situated contextually. To this end, this article (a) revisits current definitions of ISLA in the SLA literature with the aim of identifying specific features of ISLA that underlie such definitions, (b) deconstructs ISLA by probing deeper into what comprises the terms instructed and SLA in ISLA, (c) provides a brief summary of the cognitive processes and variables postulated by the theoretical underpinnings of ISLA and pertinent empirical research, (d) recommends that ISLA be observed from one curricular approach together with its empirical and pedagogical ramifications, and (e) provides some measure of direction future ISLA research may follow.
The effectiveness of visual input enhancement on the noticing and L2 development of the Spanish past tense
Authors: Loewen Shawn , Inceoglu Solène
Published: April 2016

Textual manipulation is a common pedagogic tool used to emphasize specific features of a second language (L2) text, thereby facilitating noticing and, ideally, second language development. Visual input enhancement has been used to investigate the effects of highlighting specific grammatical structures in a text. The current study uses a quasi-experimental design to determine the extent to which textual manipulation increase (a) learners’ perception of targeted forms and (b) their knowledge of the forms. Input enhancement was used to highlight the Spanish preterit and imperfect verb forms and an eye tracker measured the frequency and duration of participants’ fixation on the targeted items. In addition, pretests and posttests of the Spanish past tense provided information about participants’ knowledge of the targeted forms. Results indicate that learners were aware of the highlighted grammatical forms in the text; however, there was no difference in the amount of attention between the enhanced and unenhanced groups. In addition, both groups improved in their knowledge of the L2 forms; however, again, there was no differential improvement between the two groups.
Corrective feedback, learner uptake, and feedback perception in a Chinese as a foreign language classroom
Authors: Fu Tingfeng , Nassaji Hossein
Published: April 2016

The role of corrective feedback in second language classrooms has received considerable research attention in the past few decades. However, most of this research has been conducted in English-teaching settings, either ESL or EFL. This study examined teacher feedback, learner uptake as well as learner and teacher perception of feedback in an adult Chinese as a foreign language classroom. Ten hours of classroom interactions were videotaped, transcribed and coded for analysis. Lyster and Ranta’s (1997) coding system involving six types of feedback was initially used to identify feedback frequency and learner uptake. However, the teacher was found to use a number of additional feedback types. Altogether, 12 types of feedback were identified: recasts, delayed recasts, clarification requests, translation, metalinguistic feedback, elicitation, explicit correction, asking a direct question, repetition, directing question to other students, re-asks, and using L1-English. Differences were noted in the frequency of some of the feedback types as well as learner uptake compared to what had been reported in some previous ESL and EFL studies. With respect to the new feedback types, some led to noticeable uptake. As for the students’ and teacher’s perceptions, they did not match and both the teacher and the students were generally not accurate in perceiving the frequency of each feedback type. The findings are discussed in terms of the role of context in affecting the provision and effectiveness of feedback and its relationship to student and teacher perception of feedback.
A Note on Lower Bounds of Eigenvalues of Fourth Order Elliptic Operators on Local Quasi-Uniform Grids
Authors: Li Youai
Published: April 2016

This paper is a generalization and improvement of some recent results concerned with the lower bound property of eigenvalues produced by the Morley element of the biharmonic operator.
Such an extension is of two fold. First, we generalize those results for the biharmonic operator to general fourth order elliptic operators; second, we extend them from quasi-uniform grids to local quasi-uniform grids.
In particular, for the general case, we prove the asymptotic lower bound property of the discrete eigenvalues under a very weak saturation condition in terms of local meshsizes which can in general not be improved; for the special case with B = 0, we show a similar result without any assumption except the fineness of the mesh.
These results can be regarded as a substantial improvement of a related result on regular meshes,
including adaptive local refined meshes, for general fourth order elliptic operators, due to Yang, Li and Bi [http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.00566], while the analysis herein is completely different and largely simpler than that in the above paper.
Presence of Meloidogyne enterolobii on Jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Villar-Luna E. , Goméz-Rodriguez O. , Rojas-Martínez R. I. , Zavaleta-Mejía E.
Published: April 2016

Meloidogyne enterolobii (Me) is an emerging root-knot nematode (RKN) and the most important worldwide for its high aggressiveness and increasing geographical distribution. In Mexico only in watermelon and tomato has been reported. Here we report the presence of this nematode in Jalapeño pepper collected in the state of Sinaloa. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of the second-stage juveniles and adult females were similar to those described for Me. DNA sequencing and alignment analysis (BLAST/GenBank) showed that the SCAR and rDNA IGS2 fragments had a 99 % of identity, with Me DNA sequences present in the database. The results obtained indicate that the RKN detected corresponds to M. enterolobii. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this nematode in chilli pepper in this region of Mexico, considered of major economic importance for the variety of vegetables grown and the extension of the area sown.
Effect of non-genetic factors on the prevalence of Stilesia globipunctata in the goat
Authors: Sankar M. , Bhatt M. , Gowane G. R. , Narayanan K. , Kumar M. , Zahid A. K. , Saravanan B. C. , Allie I. , Subramani K. V. , Sharma A. K. , Prasad A.
Published: April 2016

Despite its high prevalence and pathogenicity, Stilesia globipunctata is a neglected cestode infection of ruminants in the tropics and sub-tropics. The present study reports the effect of sex, age, year and month on the prevalence of S. globipunctata in the goat. A total of 5208 eviscerated intestines of the goat carcasses were screened for a period of seven years, from January 2001 to December 2007. The overall prevalence of 36.6 % was significantly affected by the factors studied (P<0.05). Male goats were more susceptible to the S. globipunctata infection than that of female (P<0.05). Goat aged between 6 months and 1 year were found to be significantly more susceptible (P<0.05) which was followed by animals between 1 and 4 years of age and then more than 4 years of age. Morbidity was high (59 to 86 %) in animals of less than one year of age. The striking observation was that the prevalence peaked during monsoon and at nadir in May.
Crystal structure of bis(ethyltriphenylphos-phonium) tetrabromidocuprate(II), (C20H20P)2[CuBr4]
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: April 2016

(C20H20P)2[CuBr4], monoclinic, P21/n, a = 24.6469(9) Å, b = 12.4301(5) Å, c = 25.5369(9) Å, b = 91.016(2)°, V = 7822.3(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0733, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1806, T = 200.
Crystal structure of 2-((2-chloropyridin-3-ylamino)methylene)malononitrile, C9H5ClN4
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Alsaid Mansour S. , Al-Mishari Abdullah A. , AlRuqi Obaid S. , Ghabbour Hazem A.
Published: April 2016

C9H5ClN4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.1178(4) Å, b = 7.2367(4) Å, c = 15.2585(8) Å, β = 101.506(2)°, V = 878.36(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0466, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1170, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ3-5-(4-(tetrazol-1-id-5-yl)phenoxy)benzene-1,3-dicarboxyato-κ3
O:O′:N)(4-(3-(pyridin-4-yl)propyl)pyridinium-κN)zinc(II)], C28H22ZnN6O5
Authors: Miao Juan , Wei Xue-Feng , Shi Ling-Ling
Published: April 2016

C28H22ZnN6O5, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.9400(9) Å, b = 10.1638(8) Å, c = 13.0867(11) Å, α = 97.678(7)°, β = 94.730(7)°, γ = 98.694(7)°, V = 1288.09(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0692, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1587, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 5,5,9,13-tetramethyltetracyclo[10·2·1·01,10·04,9]pentadecane-3,7,14-triol, C20H34O4
Authors: Zhao Chen-Liang , Zhang Jing-Jie , Zhang Qi-Long , Pan Lu-Tai
Published: April 2016

C20H34O4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.222(2) Å, b = 13.705(5) Å, c = 21.903(8) Å, V = 1867.9(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0627, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1736, T = 293(2) K.
Size and shape depictions in the manual modality: A taxonomy of iconic devices in Adamorobe Sign Language
Authors: Nyst Victoria
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a model of size and shape depiction in the manual modality, based on a micro-level analysis of the lexicon of Adamorobe Sign Language (Ghana). The model combines strong elements of previous models, such as a dyadic labeling system separating form and meaning as suggested in
Association between paraoxonase-1 gene promoter -108C/T polymorphism and myocardial infarction in the Tunisian male population / Tunuslu erkek populasyonunda miyokard enfarktüs ile paraoksonaz -1 gen başlatıcı -108C/T polimorfizmi arasındaki ilişki
Authors: Sbai Mohamed Hédi , Kallel Amani , Sediri Yousra , Lassoued Mehdi , Feki Moncef , Mourali Mohamed Sami , Kaabachi Naziha , Jemaa Riadh
Published: April 2016

Objective: Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme with anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory properties that has been suggested to play an important protective role against coronary artery disease (CAD). The PON1 promoter -108C/T polymorphism has been analyzed in numerous association studies as a genetic marker for CAD, however, with controversial results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PON-1 promoter -108C/T polymorphism with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in the Tunisian male population.

Methods: A total of 815 subjects were recruited, including 318 healthy controls and 497 MI patients. Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Genotype/allele frequencies were compared in patients and controls using the chi-square test.

Results: Genotype distributions and allele frequencies of PON-1 promoter -108C/T polymorphism were different among the control and MI groups. Patients with MI had significantly higher frequency of the TT genotype compared to controls [29.2% vs. 25.5%; OR (95% CI), 1.67 (1.52-2.49); p=0.010]. The MI patient group showed a significant higher frequency of the T allele compared to the controls [0.56 vs. 0.51; χ2=8.61, p=0.013]. The association between the PON-1 promoter -108C/T polymorphism and MI remained significant after adjustment for other well-established cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusion: The present study showed a significant and independent association between the PON-1 promoter -108C/T polymorphism and MI in the Tunisian male population.
Adsorbent effect of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp. (Chlorophyta) for the removal of some heavy metals and nutrients / Bazı ağır metal ve nutrient gideriminde Chlorella vulgaris ve Scenedesmus sp. (Chlorophyta)’nin adsorbent etkisi
Authors: Şentürk Tuğba , Yıldız Şükran
Published: April 2016

Objective: The aim of present manuscript is to evaluate the efficiency of two microalgae strains -Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp- in removal of some inorganic nutrients and heavy metals.

Methods: For this aim the green microalgae (Chlorophyta), grown in controlled laboratory conditions, were used as biosorbent for the removal of six different concentrations of Antimony (Sb3+), Manganese (Mn2+), Copper (Cu2+), Nickel (Ni2+), Phosphate (PO4
3-) and Nitrate (NO3
-) which are prepared in aqueous solutions at conc. 0.1-1 mM for PO4
3-; 5-30 mM for NO3
-; 2,5-100 ppm for heavy metals. Besides, the effects of heavy metals and inorganic nutrients on the cell’s total carbohydrate and chlorophyll a-b content were investigated during 24 hours exposure.

Results: According to the results, the average removal efficiency of Phosphate, Nitrate, Antimony, Manganese, Copper and Nickel on C. vulgaris biomass was determined 95.91%, 21.63%, 28.64%, 49.41%, 33.38% and 29.96% while 98.15%, 14.28%, 10.05%, 8.52%, 30.18% and 20.62% on Scenedesmus sp. cells, respectively. On the other hand, the average adsorption capacities of Sb3+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, PO4
3- and NO3
- ions were confirmed 0.18, 0.38, 0.28, 0.15, 1.18 and 9.30 mg g-1 by C. vulgaris and 2.99, 0.96, 11.50, 11.33, 0.75 and 4.56 mg g-1 by Scenedesmus sp. biomass.

Conclusion: Result of this study suggests that Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp. have a remarkable ability on removal of excessive nutrients and heavy metals at laboratory conditions.
Evaluation of predictive effect of PAF-AH on the prognosis of intensive care unit patients / Yoğun bakım hastalarında PAF-AH’ın prognoz üzerindeki prediktif etkisinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Taş Nilay , Bayrak Tülin , Yağan Özgür , Bayrak Ahmet , Noyan Tevfik
Published: April 2016

Objective: Determination of the factors associated with the intensive care unit (ICU) prognosis and mortality has important role in the clinical follow-up of the patients. Definition of novel biomarkers, beside older biomarkers available for evaluation of the outcome of these patients has been proposed. Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is an enzyme that inactivates the platelet-activating factor. A reduction in the level of the PAF-AH has been demonstrated during systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. This research aims to determine whether measurement of PAF-AH enzyme activity in ICUs can be used as a prognostic indicator like conventional biomarkers.

Methods: Eighty five adult patients have been included. Following data have been recorded: preliminary C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate, albumin and PAF-AH values, APACHE II scores and discharge forms from ICU. Patients were divided in two groups with respect to APACHE II values: Group 1 (1-19) and Group 2 (≥20).

Results: Observed mortality was 51.2%. In the APACHE II Group 2 patients, the values of CRP (p=0.001) and lactate (p=0.040) were significanty high, and the values of PAF-AH (p=0.008) and albumin (p=0.001) were significantly low. A statistically significant difference was found between PAF-AH values of exitus and alive patients (p=0.001). According to ROC analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting mortality was 70.5% and 70.7% for CRP, 63.6% and 70.7% for lactate, 90.2% and 61.4% for albumin and 63.6% and 70% PAF-AH, respectively.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that, in predicting the ICU mortality risk, sensitivity of the PAF-AH is similar to the sensitivity of the lactate, and specificity of the PAF-AH is better than that of the albumin. According to our results, PAF-AH can be included in the novel biomarkers.
Pseudo-Classicisms in Late Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Joosten Jan
Published: April 2016

Several words and expressions turn up in ancient Hebrew texts with two sets of meanings: one old, genuine, and more often than not paralleled in cognate languages, and one late and secondary, with echoes in the ancient versions and exegetical writings. To all appearances, these are words that were reused in a meaning based on scriptural exegesis after their original meaning was forgotten. Pseudo-classicisms show that scriptural interpretation had become an institution at the time of the late biblical books. They also show that interpretation led to re-appropriation, with later authors making a strong claim to continuity with earlier writings that had become authoritative. They provide strong evidence of diachronic evolution in ancient Hebrew. CBH and LBH are not the same language, nor even contiguous chronolects: they are separated by a period of time long enough to allow for the forgetting of many expressions, their reinterpretation in an unrelated way, and their revivification with the new meaning.
O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO (PNPG) 2005-2010, A FORMAÇÃO DE GESTORES PARA A REDE DE EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA E AS TECNOLOGIAS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO (TIC): A EXPERIÊNCIA DO PROJETO GESTOR
Authors: Kipnis Bernardo , Carvalho Olgamir Francisco de
Published: April 2016

Este artigo descreve e analisa uma experiência-piloto, resultado da parceria entre a Secretaria de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (Setec), do Ministério da Educação, e a Faculdade de Educação, da Universidade de Brasília, tendo como referência o Plano Nacional de Pós-graduação: 2005-2010, aprovado pelo MEC, em janeiro de 2005. Após uma descrição do PNPG, com ênfase na sugestão de adoção de modelos diversificados e mais flexíveis para a pós-graduação brasileira, e da apresentação dos resultados parciais, após um ano de implementação do Projeto Gestor com a utilização das TIC, são sugeridas algumas implicações e indagações sobre a política de pós-graduação no Brasil para a educação profissional e tecnológica.