bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axisymmetric flow of hybrid nanofluid due to a permeable non-linearly stretching/shrinking sheet with radiation effect
Authors: Roşca Natalia C. , Roşca Alin V. , Pop Ioan
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to report theoretical and numerical results for the problem of laminar axisymmetric flow of hybrid nanofluid over a permeable non-linearly stretching/shrinking sheet with radiation effect.

Design/methodology/approach

The numerical solutions of the arising boundary value problem are obtained using the function bvp4c from MATLAB for different values of the governing parameters.

Findings

It is found that the solutions of the ordinary (similarity) differential equations have two branches, upper and lower branch solutions, in a certain range of the stretching/shrinking and suction parameters. To establish which of these solutions are stable and which are not, a stability analysis has been performed.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, present results are original and new for the study of fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching/shrinking surface, as they successfully extend the problem considered by Mustafa et al. (2015) to the case of hybrid nanofluids.
Professionals’ perceptions of the impact of a family justice center: a four-year, cross-sectional study
Authors: Murray Christine , Lay Alexandra , Wyche Brittany , Johnson Catherine
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the perspectives held by professionals affiliated with an FJC through a cross-sectional survey. The family justice center (FJC) model is expanding rapidly in the USA and internationally. Despite the rapid growth of the FJC movement, there is a need for more research to document the impact of FJCs on victims and survivors, professionals working in FJCs and the broader community.

Design/methodology/approach

The current paper focuses on perspectives of professionals who serve victims of family and interpersonal violence and it includes the results of a four-year, cross-sectional survey of professionals working in a community that established an FJC. Data analyzes examined differences in perspectives of professionals based on timing (i.e. from before an FJC was established to the time when the center was in operation for three years) and based on whether professionals worked primarily onsite at the FJC location.

Findings

The findings demonstrated that although some statistically significant differences were identified that suggest a positive impact of an FJC for professionals, more research is needed to further explore how professionals’ perspectives and experiences are impacted through the establishment of an FJC.

Originality/value

This study is the first-known cross-sectional examination of the perspectives of professionals working within an FJC model over a multi-year period.
Empirical analysis of the push factors of human capital flight in Nigeria
Authors: Popogbe Oluwaseyi , Adeosun Oluyemi Theophilus
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Human capital flight from Nigeria to developed countries has remained a topical issue. This paper aims to empirically analyze the push factors for the migrants who explore the various legal migrant schemes from a macro perspective. The authors examine human capital development and its role in contributing to human capital flight to more developed counties.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is anchored on the push–pull model. Using secondary data from 1990 to 2019, the authors look at the relationship between human capital flight and variables such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, population growth rate and Nigeria’s unemployment rate. The auto-regressive lag model (ARDL) was adopted to estimate the empirical relationship among these variables.

Findings

The results from the ARDL model suggest a positive relationship exists between population growth rate and migration rate. A negative relationship was, however, observed between life expectancy and migration rate. This study also found that an increase in the infant mortality rate negatively impacted migration significantly. Therefore, an increase in infant mortality rate lowered the migration rate. Finally, an increase in the unemployment rate increased migration; however, insignificantly.

Research limitations/implications

The findings from this study are limited to the push factors influencing migration out of Nigeria. These factors are also restricted to variables for which data can be derived under the study’s scope. The results of this study have far-reaching implications, especially for policymakers and citizens alike. Better human capital development through enhanced life expectancy and reduced population in Nigeria will reduce the migration rate. Therefore, this study calls for the doubling of developmental and infrastructural efforts at all levels of governance.

Originality/value

This paper’s importance lies in its ability to elucidate push factors that influenced migration out of Nigeria empirically. An empirical approach to the subject matter will explain these factors and the degree to which they influence migration. This will guide the policy-making process in curbing brain drain, which is a major challenge in Nigeria.
Improvement of public distribution system efficiency applying blockchain technology during pandemic outbreak (COVID-19)
Authors: Kumar Anup
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analytically examine the viability of using blockchain technology (BT) in a public distribution system (PDS) supply chain to overcome issues of shrinkage, misplacement and ghost demand.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a standard news vendor model with two objectives, the first of which includes a reduction of the total cost of stock, while the second includes minimization of the negative impact of human suffering due to the nonavailability of subsidized food supplies to the needy people.

Findings

The authors applied the model to a real-life case to draw meaningful insights. The authors also analyzed the cost/benefit tradeoff of adopting BT in a PDS supply chain. The results show that the adoption of BT in a charitable supply chain can reduce pilferage and ghost demand significantly.

Originality/value

The paper is positioned for utilizing inventory visibility via consistent and tamper-resistant data stream flow capability of BT to enhance the overall efficiency of PDS. Notably, Indian PDS faces three major challenges in terms of its supply chain efficiency.
Examining financial information reporting and behavior of listed companies in Iran
Authors: Izi Roya , Garkaz Mansour , Sayeedi Parviz , Matoufi Alireza
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to provide a model for reporting quality of financial information based on behavior of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange which is based on structural equation modeling approaches.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses applied research and postsemi experimental method of data collection in the field of proofing accounting research with deductive–inductive approach. The statistical population of this study includes the sample of 128 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2007 and 2017. The behavioral characteristics of managers (hidden variables) are measured by observable variables of myopia, opportunistic behavior and overconfidence of managers. Reporting quality of financial information is also investigated based on the scores accrued to each company and the announcement published by the Tehran Stock Exchange based on the companies' rating in terms of the quality of reporting and proper notification.

Findings

After insuring the acceptable fitness of the measurement pattern and the structure of research in both approaches, structural equations modeling and regression, the results indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between the behavioral characteristics of managers and the reporting quality of financial information.

Originality/value

Accountants have a critical and difficult responsibility of dealing with transactions and presenting them in the form of financial reports that can be used by interest groups to assess the performance of companies. This critical responsibility becomes meaningful when professional and ethical behaviors are the basis for disclosure of financial reporting. Based on the behavioral characteristics of disclosing financial reporting in emerging capital markets such as Iran, this study can be successful in developing new and theoretical literature in this field.
Which cues influence the perceived usefulness and credibility of an online review? A conjoint analysis
Authors: Lopes Ana Isabel , Dens Nathalie , De Pelsmacker Patrick , De Keyzer Freya
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This study aims to assess the relative importance of the argument strength, argument sidedness, writing quality, number of arguments, rated review usefulness, summary review rating and number of reviews in determining the perceived usefulness and credibility of an online review. Additionally, the authors use insights from the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) to explore the effect of consumers' product category involvement on the cues' relative importance.

Design/methodology/approach

A conjoint analysis (N = 287) is used to study the relative importance of the seven previously mentioned attributes. A balanced orthogonal design generated eight cards that correspond to individual reviews. Respondents scored all eight cards in a random order for perceived usefulness and credibility.

Findings

Overall, argument strength is the most important cue, while summary review rating and the number of reviews are the least important for perceived review usefulness and credibility. The number of arguments is more important for people who are more highly involved with the product, while writing quality and rated review usefulness are relatively more important for the low-involvement group.

Originality/value

This study provides a comprehensive test of how consumers perceive online reviews, as it the first to the authors’ knowledge to simultaneously investigate a large set of cues using conjoint analysis. This method allows for the implicit valuation (utility) of the individual cues, revealing the cues' relative importance, in a setting that comes close to a real-life context. Besides, insights of the ELM are used to understand how the relative importance of cues differs depending on the level of review readers' product category involvement.
Cervical dilatation and preparation prior to outpatient hysteroscopy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Silva PM , Wilson L , Carnegy A , Smith PP , Clark TJ
Published: November 2020

Background

There are uncertainties about the benefit of routine cervical preparation and/or cervical dilatation before outpatient hysteroscopy.

Objective

To determine if cervical preparation and/or routine mechanical dilatation reduces pain during outpatient hysteroscopy.

Search strategy

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL were searched on 19 October 2020, using keywords ‘hysteroscopy’, ‘cervical preparation’, ‘cervical ripening’, ‘cervical dilatation’, ‘outpatient’, ‘office’ and/or ‘ambulatory’ and associated medical subject headings.

Selection criteria

Randomised controlled trials investigating the benefit of cervical preparation and/or cervical dilatation on pain in women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy were included.

Data collection and analysis

Two independent reviewers selected eligible trials and extracted data on pain, feasibility, adverse events and satisfaction/acceptability for meta‐analysis.

Main results

The literature search yielded 807 records, of which 24 were included for review and 19 provided data for meta‐analysis. No trials investigated the role of routine mechanical cervical dilatation. Cervical preparation significantly reduced pain during outpatient hysteroscopy; standard mean difference (SMD) ‒0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) ‒1.05 to ‒0.29. Feasibility also improved as priming provided significantly easier hysteroscopic entry (SMD 0.89, 95% CI 0.32–1.46), greater cervical dilatation (SMD 0.81, 95% CI 0.08–1.53) and shorter procedural times (SMD ‒0.51, 95% CI ‒0.88 to ‒0.13). Cervical preparation, however, incurred significantly more adverse effects, mainly comprising genital tract bleeding, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio 2.94, 95% CI 1.58–5.47). There were limited data regarding satisfaction, acceptability and complications.

Conclusions

Cervical preparation reduces pain and improves feasibility associated with outpatient hysteroscopy but increases the risk of adverse effects.

Tweetable abstract

Cervical preparation before outpatient hysteroscopy reduces pain, enhances feasibility but increases adverse effects.
PPARγ agonists delay age‐associated metabolic disease and extend longevity
Authors: Xu Lingyan , Ma Xinran , Verma Narendra , Perie Luce , Pendse Jay , Shamloo Sama , Marie Josephson Anne , Wang Dongmei , Qiu Jin , Guo Mingwei , Ping Xiaodan , Allen Michele , Noguchi Audrey , Springer Danielle , Shen Fei , Liu Caizhi , Zhang Shiwei , Li Lingyu , Li Jin , Xiao Junjie , Lu Jian , Du Zhenyu , Luo Jian , Aleman Jose O. , Leucht Philipp , Mueller Elisabetta
Published: November 2020

Aging leads to a number of disorders caused by cellular senescence, tissue damage, and organ dysfunction. It has been reported that anti‐inflammatory and insulin‐sensitizing compounds delay, or reverse, the aging process and prevent metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and muscle atrophy, improving healthspan and extending lifespan. Here we investigated the effects of PPARγ agonists in preventing aging and increasing longevity, given their known properties in lowering inflammation and decreasing glycemia. Our molecular and physiological studies show that long‐term treatment of mice at 14 months of age with low doses of the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone (Rosi) improved glucose metabolism and mitochondrial functionality. These effects were associated with decreased inflammation and reduced tissue atrophy, improved cognitive function, and diminished anxiety‐ and depression‐like conditions, without any adverse effects on cardiac and skeletal functionality. Furthermore, Rosi treatment of mice started when they were 14 months old was associated with lifespan extension. A retrospective analysis of the effects of the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (Pio) on longevity showed decreased mortality in patients receiving Pio compared to those receiving a PPARγ‐independent insulin secretagogue glimepiride. Taken together, these data suggest the possibility of using PPARγ agonists to promote healthy aging and extend lifespan.
Heterogeneities in administration methods among cannabis users by use purpose and state legalization status: findings from a nationally representative survey in the United States, 2020
Authors: Shi Yuyan
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims

Different cannabis administration methods have differential impacts on health. This study aimed to describe administration methods among cannabis users in the United States categorized by (1) use purpose and (2) state legalization status.

Design

Cross‐sectional, probability‐based online survey in 2020.

Setting

All 50 states and Washington DC in the United States.

Participants

A total of 21 903 adults (18+) were recruited from a probability‐based online panel to provide nationally representative estimates.

Methods

Eleven administration methods were grouped into combustion, vaporization, ingestion and topicals. Weighted prevalence was reported among (1) medical‐only, recreational‐only and dual‐purpose users based on self‐reported purposes and (2) users in states that legalized both recreational and medical cannabis (RCL states), legalized medical cannabis only and did not legalize cannabis.

Findings

Among past‐year users, the proportions of medical‐only, recreational‐only and dual‐purpose users were 25.55, 43.81 and 30.64%, respectively. The most common primary methods were combustion (42.08%) and topicals (28.65%) for medical purposes and combustion (72.07%) and ingestion (15.05%) for recreational purposes. Dual‐purpose users were more likely to report combustion and vaporization but less likely to report ingestion and topicals as primary methods for medical use than medical‐only users (P < 0.001) and more likely to report combustion and topicals but less likely to report ingestion as primary methods for recreational use than recreational‐only users (P < 0.041). A higher proportion of dual‐purpose users (82.82%) used more than one method than medical‐only (40.52%) and recreational‐only users (63.91%) (P < 0.001). For both medical and recreational purposes, RCL states had the lowest rate of combustion and the highest rates of ingestion and topicals reported as primary methods (P < 0.033). The rate of using more than one administration method did not differ across states (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Cannabis users whose purposes are medical, recreational or both tend to differ in their selected administration methods.
Effectiveness of training stop‐smoking advisers to deliver cessation support to the UK national proposed standard versus usual care in Malaysia: a two‐arm cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wee Lei Hum , West Robert , Tee Guat Hiong , Yeap Lena , Chan Caryn Mei Hsien , Ho Bee Kiau , Perialathan Komathi , Nik Mohamed Mohamad Haniki , Michie Susan , Jackson Sarah E.
Published: November 2020

Aims

To assess the effectiveness of training stop smoking services providers in Malaysia to deliver support for smoking cessation based on the UK National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training (NCSCT) standard treatment programme compared with usual care.

Design

Two‐arm cluster‐randomized controlled effectiveness trial across 19 sites with follow‐up at 4‐week, 3‐month, and 6‐month.

Setting

Stop smoking services operating in public hospitals in Malaysia.

Participants

Five hundred and two smokers [mean ± standard deviation (SD), age 45.6 (13.4) years; 97.4% male] attending stop smoking services in hospital settings in Malaysia: 330 in 10 hospitals in the intervention condition and 172 in nine hospitals in the control condition.

Intervention and comparator

The intervention consisted of training stop‐smoking practitioners to deliver support and follow‐up according to the NCSCT Standard Treatment Programme. The comparator was usual care (brief support and follow‐up).

Measurements

The primary outcome was continuous tobacco smoking abstinence up to 6 months in smokers who received smoking cessation treatment, verified by expired‐air carbon monoxide (CO) concentration. Secondary outcomes were continuous CO‐verified tobacco smoking abstinence up to 4 weeks and 3 months.

Results

Follow‐up rates at 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months were 80.0, 70.6 and 53.3%, respectively, in the intervention group and 48.8, 30.8 and 23.3%, respectively, in the control group. At 6‐month follow‐up, 93 participants in the intervention group and 19 participants in the control group were abstinent from smoking, representing 28.2 versus 11.0% in an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis assuming that participants with missing data had resumed smoking, and 52.8 versus 47.5% in a follow‐up‐only (FUO) analysis. Unadjusted odds ratios (accounting for clustering) were 5.04, (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–20.77, P = 0.025) and 1.70, (95% CI = 0.25–11.53, P = 0.589) in the ITT and FUO analyses, respectively. Abstinence rates at 4 week and 3 month follow‐ups were significantly higher in the intervention versus control group in the ITT but not the FUO analysis.

Conclusions

On an intention‐to‐treat analysis with missing‐equals‐smoking imputation, training Malaysian stop smoking service providers in the UK National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training standard treatment programme appeared to increase 6 month continuous abstinence rates in smokers seeking help with stopping compared with usual care. However, the effect may have been due to increasing follow‐up rates.
Seminal human papillomavirus infection and reproduction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moreno‐Sepulveda Jose , Rajmil Osvaldo
Published: November 2020

Background

The impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) on male fertility and associated reproductive outcomes has not been clarified.

Objectives

To elucidate the prevalence of seminal HPV infection and assess the associated effects on seminal parameters, male infertility, and reproductive outcomes.

Materials and methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases. Studies published until November 2019 were included. HPV prevalence, risk of infertility, seminal parameters, and reproductive outcomes were evaluated among the general population and infertile men.

Results

Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of seminal HPV infection is significantly higher in infertile compared to the general population (20.9% versus 8.2%). A significant association between seminal HPV infection and male infertility (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.87–5.84), even when adjusting for female infertility (OR 3.02, 95% CI = 2.11–4.33) was founded. In addition, HPV infection is related to a significant decrease in progressive motility (DM −10.35, IC −13.75, −6.96), a low sperm morphology score (DM −2.46, 95% CI −3.83, −1.08), and a significant increase in the sperm DNA fragmentation index (7.24, 95% CI 4.44.10.03) compared with HPV‐negative patients. It was also observed an increased risk of miscarriage (OR 5.13, 95% CI 2.40,10.94), and a reduced chance of ongoing pregnancy (OR 0.33, IC 95% 0.13,0,82) in patients undergoing ART with seminal HPV infection.

Discussion

Infertile men have a higher prevalence of seminal HPV infection compared to the general population, regardless of the HPV genotype detected.

Conclusions

HPV in semen may have an impact in sperm quality and reproductive outcomes. Additional well‐designed studies are warranted to improve the quality of evidence.
Usability and acceptability of a multimodal respiratory rate and pulse oximeter device in case management of children with symptoms of pneumonia: A cross‐sectional study in Ethiopia
Authors: Baker Kevin , Ward Charlotte , Maurel Alice , de Cola Monica Anna , Smith Helen , Getachew Dawit , Habte Tedila , McWhorter Cindy , LaBarre Paul , Karlstrom Jonas , Ameha Agazi , Tariku Abraham , Black Jim , Bassat Quique , Källander Karin
Published: November 2020

Aim

Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death among children under five globally. Many pneumonia deaths result from inappropriate treatment due to misdiagnosis of signs and symptoms. This study aims to identify whether health extension workers (HEWs) in Ethiopia, using an automated multimodal device (Masimo Rad‐G), adhere to required guidelines while assessing and classifying under five children with cough or difficulty breathing and to understand device acceptability.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in three districts of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia. Between September and December 2018, 133 HEWs were directly observed using Rad‐G while conducting 599 sick child consultations. Usability was measured as adherence to the World Health Organization requirements to assess fast breathing and device manufacturer instructions for use. Acceptability was assessed using semi‐structured interviews with HEWs, first‐level health facility workers and caregivers.

Results

Adherence using the Rad‐G routinely for 2 months was 85.3% (95% CI 80.2, 89.3). Health workers and caregivers stated a preference for Rad‐G. Users highlighted a number of device design issues.

Conclusion

While demonstrating high levels of acceptability and usability, the device modifications to consider include better probe fit, improved user interface with exclusive age categories and simplified classification outcomes.
Spatial extent and severity of all‐terrain vehicles use on coastal sand dune vegetation
Authors: Hogan Jessica L. , Brown Carissa D.
Published: November 2020

Questions

Increases in all‐terrain vehicle (ATV) use on dunes raises concerns about an ecosystem vital for coastal protection. We asked: with distance from trails, what are the effects of ATV use on (a) total, native, and non‐native plant species richness and (b) presence and cover of the dune‐stabilising plant Ammophila breviligulata? Specifically, how do (a) and (b) differ (1) between regions with and without ATV use; (2) with deeper ruts and increased distance from the ATV trail; and (3) between pioneer and shrub zones of dunes in each region?

Location

Miscou Island and Kouchibouguac National Park, New Brunswick, Canada.

Methods

We assessed ATV effects by conducting field vegetation surveys in a region with (Miscou Island) and without (Kouchibouguac National Park) ATV use. Line transects were used to capture gradients of effects across the dune community via plots evenly placed to measure trail effects (on the trail), close‐edge effects (edge of the trail), and distant‐edge effects (every 5 m up to 25 m away from trail), in pioneer and shrub zones of dunes.

Results

All‐terrain vehicle rut depth was associated with a decrease in total and native species on the trails and on the edge of trails, and with a slight increase in non‐native species beyond the trail edge. We also found a rut depth threshold of approximately 50 cm, beyond which was an abrupt decline across all species. Where ATV activity occurred, there was also a decrease of A. breviligulata in presence and cover, non‐native species increased in the pioneer zone, and the shrub zone had fewer native species.

Conclusions

All‐terrain vehicle use plays a major role in the vegetation changes observed on coastal dunes. A management plan that recognises the specific effects caused by ATV use on dune vegetation will help preserve dunes, enabling more cost‐effective coastal protection than engineered interventions.
TEOS: A framework for constructing operational definitions of medication adherence based on Timelines–Events–Objectives–Sources
Authors: Dima Alexandra L. , Allemann Samuel S. , Dunbar‐Jacob Jacqueline , Hughes Dyfrig A. , Vrijens Bernard , Wilson Ira B.
Published: November 2020

Aims

Managing adherence to medications is a priority for health systems worldwide. Adherence research is accumulating, yet the quality of the evidence is reduced by various methodological limitations. In particular, the heterogeneity and low accuracy of adherence measures have been highlighted in many literature reviews. Recent consensus‐based guidelines advise on best practices in defining adherence (ABC) and reporting of empirical studies (EMERGE). While these guidelines highlight the importance of operational definitions in adherence measurement, such definitions are rarely included in study reports. To support researchers in their measurement decisions, we developed a structured approach to formulate operational definitions of adherence.

Methods

A group of adherence and research methodology experts used theoretical, methodological and practical considerations to examine the process of applying adherence definitions to various research settings, questions and data sources. Consensus was reached through iterative review of discussion summaries and framework versions.

Results

We introduce TEOS, a four‐component framework to guide the operationalization of adherence concepts: (1) describe treatment as four simultaneous interdependent timelines (recommended and actual use, conditional on prescribing and dispensing); (2) locate four key events along these timelines to delimit the three ABC phases (first and last recommended use, first and last actual use); (3) revisit study objectives and design to fine‐tune research questions and assess measurement validity and reliability needs, and (4) select data sources (e.g., electronic monitoring, self‐report, electronic healthcare databases) that best address measurement needs.

Conclusion

Using the TEOS framework when designing research and reporting explicitly on these components can improve measurement quality.
Confounding factors in exposure–response analyses and mitigation strategies for monoclonal antibodies in oncology
Authors: Kawakatsu Sonoko , Bruno René , Kågedal Matts , Li Chunze , Girish Sandhya , Joshi Amita , Wu Benjamin
Published: November 2020

Dose selection and optimization is an important topic in drug development to maximize treatment benefits for all patients. While exposure–response (E‐R) analysis is a useful method to inform dose‐selection strategy, in oncology, special considerations for prognostic factors are needed due to their potential to confound the E‐R analysis for monoclonal antibodies. The current review focuses on 3 different approaches to mitigate the confounding effects for monoclonal antibodies in oncology: (i) Cox‐proportional hazards modelling and case‐matching; (ii) tumour growth inhibition–overall survival modelling; and (iii) multiple dose level study design. In the presence of confounding effects, studying multiple dose levels may be required to reveal the true E‐R relationship. However, it is impractical for pivotal trials in oncology drug development programmes. Therefore, the strengths and weaknesses of the other 2 approaches are considered, and the favourable utility of tumour growth inhibition–overall survival modelling to address confounding in E‐R analyses is described. In the broader scope of oncology drug development, this review discusses the downfall of the current emphasis on E‐R analyses using data from single dose level trials and proposes that development programmes be designed to study more dose levels in earlier trials.
Two tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to captureHLA‐DRB1*07:01–DQA1*02:01–DQB1*02:02haplotype associated with asparaginase hypersensitivity
Authors: Kutszegi Nóra , Gézsi András , F. Semsei Ágnes , Müller Judit , Simon Réka , Kovács Erika Rozália , Hegedüs Katalin , Kovács Gábor T. , Szalai Csaba , Erdélyi Dániel J.
Published: November 2020

Aims

Asparaginase (ASP) hypersensitivity is a well‐known challenge in the treatment of lymphoblastic malignancies. In terms of cost considerations, the cheap nativeEscherichia coliASP, the most immunogenic form of this medication, is used in the first line in middle‐income countries. Previously, the role of theHLA‐DRB1*07:01–DQA1*02:01–DQB1*02:02haplotype had been established to associate withE. coliASP hypersensitivity. We investigated a possible cost‐effective genetic testing method to identify patients harbouring the risk HLA haplotype in order to pave the way for safer ASP treatment.

Methods

In 241 patients with previously determinedHLA‐DRB1*07:01–DQA1*02:01–DQB1*02:02haplotype and known ASP hypersensitivity status, 4 candidate HLA‐tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s were measured, and the performance of the different sets of these tag SNPs was evaluated.

Results

We identified a combination of 2 SNPs — rs28383172 and rs7775228 — as a tag forHLA‐DRB1*07:01–DQA1*02:01–DQB1*02:02haplotype with sensitivity and specificity values >95%. In line with previous findings, we found complete concordance betweenHLA‐DRB1*07:01and rs28383172. With bioinformatics methods, the results were also confirmed in the 1000 Genomes dataset in different ethnic groups.

Conclusion

Rs28383172 and rs7775228 are suitable for identifyingHLA‐DRB1*07:01–DQA1*02:01–DQB1*02:02carriers. Compared to the rest of the population, patients with hypersensitivity‐prone genotype would benefit more from the administration of less immunogenic PEGylated ASP before the hypersensitivity evolves, incurring minimal extra cost.
Pharmacometric analyses to characterize the effect of CSL112 on apolipoprotein A‐I and cholesterol efflux capacity in acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Zheng Bo , Duffy Danielle , Tricoci Pierluigi , Kastrissios Helen , Pfister Marc , Wright Samuel D. , Gille Andreas , Tortorici Michael A.
Published: November 2020

Aims

To characterize relationships between apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) exposure and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and covariate effects following CSL112 (apoA‐I [human]) administration in an integrated population including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.

Methods

A pharmacometric analysis utilized data from seven clinical trials, including patients with AMI, subjects with renal impairment and healthy subjects. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed to relate CSL112 doses to changes in apoA‐I plasma concentrations. Covariate analysis was conducted to identify sources of variability in apoA‐I exposure. Exposure‐response modeling was conducted to describe the relationship between apoA‐I exposure and total or ATP binding cassette transporter A1‐(ABCA1)‐dependent CEC and to identify clinical predictors of CEC.

Results

A two‐compartment model described apoA‐I PK. ApoA‐I clearance was slightly lower in subjects with AMI, whereas baseline apoA‐I was marginally higher in female and Japanese subjects. Covariate effects on apoA‐I exposure were in the order of 10% and thus not clinically relevant. The relationships between apoA‐I exposure and CECs were described by nonlinear models. Simulations showed CEC elevation resulting from apoA‐I exposure increment was comparable in AMI and non‐AMI subjects; no covariate had clinically meaningful effects on CEC. Simulations also demonstrated that CEC in patients with AMI post 6 g CSL112 dosing was substantially elevated compared to placebo and lower dose levels.

Conclusions

The model‐based exposure‐response analysis demonstrated, irrespective of body weight, sex and race, that fixed 6 g CSL112 dosing causes a desired CEC elevation, which may benefit AMI patients by potentially reducing early recurrent cardiovascular event risk.
Examining the multiplicative relationships between teachers’ competence, value and pedagogical beliefs about technology integration
Authors: Cheng Sheng‐Lun , Chen Sheng‐Bo , Chang Jen‐Chia
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between competence beliefs, value beliefs, pedagogical beliefs and teachers’ technology integration. The sample includes two hundred and five in‐service teachers from 121 schools in Taiwan. Using the latent moderated structural equations approach, this study finds that there is a synergistic interaction between competence beliefs and traditional pedagogical beliefs. The negative effect of traditional pedagogical beliefs on technology integration is amplified when competence beliefs is at an extremely low level. On the contrary, the maladaptive nature of traditional pedagogical beliefs is neutralized when the level of competence beliefs increases. Value beliefs in terms of perceived interest and usefulness significantly predicted technology integration. However, when controlling for the effects of these beliefs, constructivist pedagogical beliefs and perceived cost are not significant predictors. These findings revealed that the additive effect model commonly seen in the literature is short of capturing the complexity of teacher beliefs about technology integration. Stakeholders are suggested to devote their resources to foster competence and value beliefs about technology integration instead of pedagogical beliefs.

Practitioner Notes

What is already known about this topic:

Teacher beliefs demonstrate an additive relationship with technology integration.

Competence beliefs, value beliefs and pedagogical beliefs are significantly associated with teacher technology integration.

What this paper adds:

Teacher beliefs demonstrate a multiplicative relationship with technology integration.

Competence beliefs serve as a buffer between traditional pedagogical beliefs and technology integration.

Perceptions of cost and constructivist pedagogical beliefs are not significant predictors of teachers’ intention to integrate technology.

Implications for practice and policy:

Teachers’ beliefs about their capability, interest and the usefulness of integrating technology, not pedagogical beliefs, are suggested to be the reasonable targets for future intervention work.

Stakeholders may consider devoting their resources to first support teachers who have strong traditional pedagogical beliefs, low competence beliefs and low values beliefs about technology integration.
Implications of detecting serum monoclonal protein by MASS‐fix following stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Abeykoon Jithma P. , Murray David L. , Murray Isaiah , Jevremovic Dragan , Otteson Gregory E. , Dispenzieri Angela , Arendt Bonnie K. , Dasari Surendra , Gertz Morie , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Muchtar Eli , Dingli David , Warsame Rahma , Go Ronald S. , Lacy Martha Q. , Leung Nelson , Buadi Francis , Lin Yi , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar Vincent , Kumar Shaji , Kapoor Prashant
Published: November 2020

Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment by marrow‐based next‐generation flow cytometry (NGF) following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) may lead to false‐negative results due to patchy marrow involvement and extramedullary disease in patients with multiple myeloma. We assessed the value of simultaneous MRD evaluation with NGF and serum matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MASS‐FIX). Of all 61 complete responders who were NGF‐negative for MRD, around day‐100 post ASCT, 59% were MASS‐FIX‐positive. At median follow‐up of 26 months, 69% of MASS‐FIX(+)/NGF(−) patients were alive and progression‐free versus 96% of MASS‐FIX(‐)/NGF(−) patients, P = 0·02. MASS‐FIX, a simple peripheral blood‐based assay complements marrow‐based NGF to accurately prognosticate patients with myeloma.
Quality of life in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: A pediatric cohort study
Authors: Ding Yifeng , Wang Ji , Zhou Yuanfeng , Yu Lifei , Zhang Linmei , Zhou Shuizhen , Wang Yi
Published: November 2020

Aims

To evaluate the quality‐of‐life (QOL) impairment and identify the possible risk factors in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in China.

Methods

The parent proxy‐report PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales were administered to 124 caregivers of children with TSC (aged 2‐18 years). For comparison, the survey was also conducted in a demographically group‐matched sample of healthy controls (HCs) (aged 2‐18 years).

Results

A total of 124 children with TSC and 206 HCs were recruited. The mean parent proxy‐report total scale score, physical health summary score, and psychosocial health summary score for children with TSC were 65.0 (SD 19.7), 77.6 (SD 22.9), and 58.0 (SD 21.3), respectively, compared with the HC values of 83.6 (SD 14.3), 87.2 (SD 16.9), and 82.8 (SD 15.9). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < .0001). TSC2 mutation (P = .033), epilepsy (P = .011), seizure before 2 years old (P = .001), course of epilepsy (more than 2 years) (P = .001), high reported seizure frequency (more than once a month) (HRSF) (P = .007), multiple antiepileptic drugs (≥2) (P = .002), intellectual disability (ID) (mild and moderate ID, P < .0001, and severe and profound ID, P < .0001), and TANDs (P < .0001) (ADHD, P = .004; agoraphobia, P = .007; and social anxiety disorder, P < .0001) were closely related to lower QOL scores.

Conclusion

This study is the first large cohort study on QOL in children with TSC in China. The results of the PedsQL 4.0 indicated that the QOL of children with TSC is significantly lower than that of HCs. TSC2 mutation, epilepsy, early onset, long disease course and HRSF, ID, and TANDs are risk factors for poor QOL.
Dynamic planning method of economic operation optimization model
Authors: Jing Jing
Published: November 2020

Enterprise dynamic planning is a branch of operations research and multi‐stage decision‐making processes. This method can be used to solve multi‐objective decision‐making problems, thereby optimizing the overall effect of the system. Aiming at the dynamic programming method of economic operation optimization model, this article studies a multi‐objective dynamic programming algorithm and improves the algorithm. Taking the optimization arrangement of enterprise production plan as an example, according to the production capacity, production cost and inventory cost of the enterprise, a dynamic planning method is adopted to establish a production plan arrangement model. The experimental results show that using the method proposed in this article to dynamically plan the economic operation optimization model can not only improve the convergence of the results but also improve its accuracy. This result solves the optimization problem of the enterprise's product production plan.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with cutaneous involvement: A series of four cases
Authors: Ferreira Maria Carolina Corsi , Arai Seque Camila , Enokihara Mílvia Maria Simões e Silva , Batista Mariana Dias , Tomimori Jane , Porro Adriana Maria
Published: November 2020

Background

Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are lymphoid proliferations associated with post‐transplant immunosuppression. Most originate from B cells and are associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although extranodal involvement is common, cutaneous presentation is rare.

Objective

To report and characterize cutaneous manifestations of PTLD from clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemistry standpoints.

Methods

Patients' information was obtained retrospectively by reviewing medical records. Skin biopsies were submitted to histological and immunohistochemistry analysis, and EBV detection was performed by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Staging examinations were included. A literature review of reported cutaneous PTLD cases was performed.

Results

We describe two cases of primary cutaneous and 2 cases of systemic PTLD with secondary cutaneous manifestations. All had late onset disease, which presented at least 6 years after transplantation. Histopathologic findings were compatible with monomorphic PTLD in three cases and plasmacytic hyperplasia in one case. EBV was detected in two patients. Both patients with systemic disease had fatal outcome, and those with primary cutaneous involvement responded to treatment.

Limitations

Due to the rare incidence of cutaneous manifestation of PTLD, the analysis of a large number of cases was not possible.

Conclusion

Although rare, PTLD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of late onset cutaneous complications post‐renal transplant.
Constraint‐induced movement therapy for children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Werner Julie M , Berggren Jamie , Loiselle Jennifer , Lee Gina Kim
Published: November 2020

Aim

To determine if constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT) is more effective than standard care in improving upper‐limb activity outcomes in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP).

Method

Twenty‐one children with NBPP (mean age 25mo, SD=10.3, range=17–48mo; 11 males, 10 females) were enrolled in a crossover trial and randomly allocated to first receive CIMT or standard care, each for 8 weeks. The intervention arm consisted of 3 weeks of casting the unaffected limb followed by 5 weeks of transference activities. The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) was used to measure bimanual activity performance at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks, scored by blinded raters. The Pediatric Motor Activity Log‐Revised (PMAL‐R) was used as a caregiver‐reported secondary outcome measure.

Results

After concealed random allocation (n=21), there were no significant differences on demographics or baseline measures. CIMT was superior compared to control in terms of bimanual activity performance with a mean difference in AHA change score of 4.8 (SD=10.5, p=0.04, Cohen’s δ=0.46). There were no significant differences between treatment conditions on the PMAL‐R.

Interpretation

CIMT is favored over standard care for bimanual activity performance. Future research should investigate a longer follow‐up period, additional comparator interventions, and analyse differences by participant characteristics.

What this paper adds

Gains in bimanual activity performance were greater after constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT) compared to no CIMT.

Frequency and quality of movement were not significantly different between treatment groups.
Defining Human Factors/User Centered Design and Why it Matters?
Authors: Oduor Kenya
Published: November 2020

Human Factors practices result in a better understanding of what people expect, their thought process of how to interact, and their actions, intended and real.
Our Journey to Establishing an Industry Partnership with Academia
Authors: Knuycky Leslie , Balaji TS , Capodanno Megan , Kleider‐Offutt Heather
Published: November 2020

What started as a foray into applied research in the business world grew into a better understanding of how the work performed in an academic setting can be applied in a variety of contexts.
Factors contributing to energy loss in left ventricle during diastolic and systolic phases in elderly patients
Authors: Futami Shutaro , Ishikawa Joji , Maeda Teppei , Kawano Masuyo , Sakurayama Chieko , Harada Kazumasa
Published: November 2020

Background

The change of left ventricular function deteriorated with age because of gradual increases of blood pressure may result in increased energy loss (EL) in left ventricle (LV). The present study investigated EL in LV among hypertensive elderly patients and examined factors contributing to EL.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective study was performed on elderly hypertensive outpatients (≥65 years) who underwent echocardiography (N = 105). EL in the LV was measured using a vector flow mapping system, and factors affecting peak EL during the early‐diastolic phase (ED‐EL), late‐diastolic phase (LD‐EL), and systolic phase (Sys‐EL) were evaluated.

Result

Mean age was 79.9 ± 6.4 years (male 43%). Mean ED‐EL, LD‐EL, and Sys‐EL were 42.1 ± 46.7, 75.6 ± 60.2, and 40.4 ± 40.2 mJ/N/s. In a stepwise regression analysis, the E/e’(lateral) (unstandardized B = 0.005, 95%CI −0.03 to 0.007, standardized β = 0.434, P < .001) was identified as factors affecting ED‐EL. The factors affecting LD‐EL were E/A ratio (B = −0.122, 95%CI −0.176 to −0.068, β = −0.470, P < .001) and time velocity integral (TVI) in LVOT (unstandardized B = 0.002, 95%CI 0.000 to 0.004, β = 0.247, P = .021). The factors influencing Sys‐EL were TVI in LVOT (B = 0.002, 95%CI 0.001 to 0.004, β = 0.390, P < .001), E/A ratio (B = −0.054, 95%CI −0.093 to −0.015, β = −0.258, P = .008), left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter (B = −0.006, 95%CI −0.010 to −0.002, β = −0.307, P = .006), and left ventricular mass index (B = 0.000, 95%CI 0.000 to 0.001, β = 0.208, P = .039).

Conclusion

Peak EL in the LV was higher during diastolic phase than systolic phase among elderly hypertensive patients. Peak EL both during late‐diastolic phase and systolic phase was affected by systolic blood flow in LVOT and LV transmitral flow pattern.
Pulmonary hypertension in connective tissue diseases, new evidence and challenges
Authors: Vonk Madelon C. , Vandecasteele Els , van Dijk Arie P.
Published: November 2020

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a lethal complication of different connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Although the treatment possibilities for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension have increased in the last two decades and survival of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension has improved, the latter is not the case for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease. In this narrative review, we review recent literature and describe the improvement of early diagnostic possibilities, screening modalities and treatment options. We also point out the pitfalls in diagnosis in this patient category and describe the unmet needs and what the focus of future research should be.