bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rohdea dangii (Asparagaceae), a new species from northwestern Vietnam

Authors: NGUYEN KHANG SINH , TANAKA NORIYUKI , AVERYANOV LEONID V. , NGUYEN PHUONG HANH , TRAN DUC BINH
Published: January 2021

Rohdea dangii, a new species from limestone areas of Son La and Dien Bien Provinces in northwestern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is apparently most closely related to R. tonkinensis described from northern Vietnam, for these two species share an elongate aerial stem with no cataphylls (except for those at the base of the peduncle), narrowly elliptic leaf blades and filaments conspicuously incrassate in the lower decurrent portions. It is, however, readily distinguishable mainly by the longer, thicker rhizome, non-sheathing amplexicaule leaf blades, half-terete peduncle, much shorter bracts mostly not exceeding the flowers, and crateriform perigone tube. The taxonomic relationships of the new species to R. wattii and two other species with an aerial stem were also briefly discussed.
A new species of Nissolia Jacq. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) from Northern Brazil, recording a new gland type for the genus
Authors: CASTRO SILVA ISABELLA CRISTINA DE , DE MOURA TÂNIA MARIA , GISSI DANILO SOARES , FORTUNA PEREZ ANA PAULA
Published: January 2021

During our taxonomic study of Nissolia Jacq. (Leguminosae), a new species from Northern Brazil was discovered. Distinct from other species of the genus by its outstanding bracts, Nissolia bracteosa is described and illustrated here. This taxon is distinguished from its related species mainly by its conspicuous stipules, 6–8 x 4–7 mm in the new species (vs. 4–6 x 2–3 mm in N. bracteosa and 2–5 x 1–2 mm in N. brasiliensis). In addition, a new gland type (secretory emergences) is reported.
Mixture of Graphene Oxide/Phosphoric Acid/Melamine as Coating for Improved Fire Protective Performance and Enhancement of Surface Electrical Properties on Wood Chipboard
Authors: Cotet L. C. , Cadar C. , Mihis A. , Magyari K. , Muresan-Pop M. , Pop L. C. , Mihaila A. , Szekely I. , Dragan S. , Dudescu M. , Zgura I. , Matei E. , Baia M. , Baibarac M. , Anghel I. , Baia L.
Published: January 2021

Looking for multifunctional materials, an assessment of the performances both as fire retardant and generator of electrically conductive surfaces for a three component mixture of graphene oxide, phosphoric acid and melamine applied on wood chipboard was performed. A simple approach was used to investigate the intumescent char formation and quantify the loss mass during vertical burning tests, in which the prepared samples were exposed for a certain time interval to a flame generated by an ethanol lamp in ambient conditions. Moreover, mass loss evolution and structural changes that occur during the burning process were more comprehensive investigated by differential thermal and thermogravimetric (DTA/TGA) techniques. By comparing the performances between the wood chipboard samples without any coverage and those covered with one or multiple component mixture, an increase of protection against the fire action was noticed when the three component mixture was used. Also, an improvement of the electrical properties was observed, after flame exposure of the samples covered with multiple layers (i.e., two and three), when the three component mixture was used. Morphological and structural investigations by microscopy (optical and electronic-SEMEDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectral (Raman, FTIR) methods are described. An assessment of market potential is also discussed.
Non-Linear Regression Applied to the Sorption of Bisphenol A on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Senin Raluca Madalina , Badescu Virgil , Radulescu Ileana , Calin Marian Romeo , Ion Ion , Henning Michael , Ion Alina Catrinel
Published: January 2021

In the present study, equilibrium parameters of adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes were determined using non-linear Langmuir and Freundlich sorption models and regression methods were applied. In the calculations, some error functions were applied in the
non-linear regression analysis, the best fit between the data being obtained, for a minimum error distribution. Non-linear regression analysis and the error distribution suggested Langmuir isotherm model the best one for estimation of equilibrium parameters. The results will be further used
in environmental applications for BPA removal from natural waters, taking into account the spontaneous character of the adsorption process, the endocrine disrupting effect of BPA and the reduced toxicological effects of the impregnated sorbents.
Vibrational and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Properties of 2,2′-Biquinolines: Experimental and Computational Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Szerb Elisabeta I. , Domokos Réka-Anita , Creţu Carmen , Deda Massimo La , Chiş Vasile
Published: January 2021

Experimental (IR, Raman and NMR) techniques and quantum chemical (DFT) methods have been applied to investigate the vibrational and NMR properties of a new ligand based on 2,2′-biquinoline (bq) functionalized with polar hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol monomethylether (TEG)
chains (bq_TEG). Vibrational and NMR spectra of the ligand have been explained based on DFT computational data obtained at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. For the spectroscopic analysis we started from the parent molecule 2,2′-biquinoline and explained the changes in the spectra
of bq_TEG in close relation to the corresponding spectra of bq. Our data point to a trans conformation of bq_TEG in solid state, as wells as in liquid phase. The excellent agreement between the experimental and computed data allowed for a reliable assignment of the vibrational
and NMR spectra, both for bq and bq_TEG.
Synthesis, Different Characterizations and Pigment Application of Nanoceramic Zirconate Powder
Authors: Gokul Raja T. S. , Balamurugan S. , Reshma A.
Published: January 2021

In this work, several attempts were made to prepare nanoceramic zirconate (Nd2Zr2O7) powder for pigment applications. The single pyrochlore phase, Nd2Zr2O7 was successfully synthesized with the aid of flux at relatively
low temperature (1000 °C) upon milling the reaction mixture made from Nd2O3 and ZrO2 in a tungsten carbide vial. Several characterizations were done on the thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution scanning electron microscope
(HRSEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, and near-infrared (NIR spectroscopy). A single-phase nanocrystalline (˜28 nm) pyrochlore structure (Fd3m) was confirmed through XRD analysis. A highly uniform particle in the size of
˜110 nm was observed for the Nd2Zr2O7 phase in the microimages. The vibrational (FT-IR) peaks at 423 cm-1 and 510 cm-1 in FTIR spectroscopic study confirmed the formation of pyrochlore structure. Higher NIR reflectivity recorded
for this material in the 750–2500 nm region shows its novel application in color cool pigments for energy-saving paints reminiscent of Bi2−xYxCe2O7, Bi2Ce2−xTbxO7, and
Gd2Ti2O7.
Influence of Plasma Ultraviolet/Vacuum Ultraviolet Irradiation Damage on Silicon Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitor During Etching
Authors: Zeng Si-Qi , Chuang K. C. , Kumar Ashish , Lee Wen-Hsi
Published: January 2021

In this study, we evaluate the defects and charges caused by the ultraviolet (UV)/vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation in the high-k/metal gate stack structure, especially in HfO2 layer and at Si/HfO2 interface. First, we measured the photons irradiating
to the surface in the neutral beam etching (NBE) system and in the conventional inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system through optical emission spectroscopy (OES), respectively. By using this method, we evaluate the ability of reducing UV/VUV irradiation damage in the NBE system. As a result,
photon intensity detected in the ICP system shows larger magnitude as compared to the NBE system, which indicates the UV/VUV irradiation is more severe in the ICP system. Moreover, in order to understand the twisting of electrical characteristics caused by UV/VUV irradiation, we set the prefabricated
metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors in both systems to absorb the irradiation of UV/VUV photons respectively. The electrical characteristics of the etched MOS capacitors and its related plasma-induced damage model are discussed. The result of the devices exposed in the ICP system reveals
a greater electrical characteristics shift compared to the devices in NBE such as the interface trap density (Dit) in case of NBE is 3.55621×1012 cm-2eV-1 and in case of ICP is higher i.e., 4.19961×1012 cm-2eV-1.
Structural and H2S Sensing Properties of Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared Through Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Anh Luong Ngoc , Loan To Thanh , Thanh Nguyen Kim , Duong Nguyen Phuc , Nguyet Dao Thi Thuy , Hong Nguyen Minh
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we report the H2S sensing properties of partially inverse copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 16 nm to few hundreds of nanometers prepared through hydrothermal method. Effects of annealing temperature on the
particle size, microstructure and gas-sensing properties of spinel ferrite were studied through scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and resistance measurement. Electrical conduction mechanism is discussed based on the cation distribution in the lattice and resistance
contribution from the grain boundaries. Gas sensing ability of the samples was recognized for H2S concentrations from 5 down to 0.5 ppm and in working temperature range from 50 to 250 °C.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 as Anode for Fe/Air Battery
Authors: Hang Bui Thi , Anh Trinh Tuan , Thang Doan Ha
Published: January 2021

The size, shape and structure of iron particles in iron electrode influence the electrochemical properties of Fe/air cells. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of Fe/air cells, an attempt has been made successfully to synthesize iron oxide particles with different surface
morphologies and have been used as negative electrodes. Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method, in which their different morphologies viz., hollow spheres, tubes and plates have been controlled by the concentration of precursors. All the results showed
better cycleability, good discharge capacity of synthesized Fe2O3 exhibited improved performance compared to commercial Fe2O3. Among the synthesized Fe2O3, hollow sphere provided the highest discharge capacity.
A New Approach for the Fabrication of Tetragonal BaTiO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Tan Vu T. , Vinh La The , Khoi Vu Minh , Chinh Huynh Dang , Tuan Pham Van , Khiem Tran Ngoc
Published: January 2021

For the first time, the BaTiO3 nano-sized particles were obtained through solid-state reaction by employing the titanium oxide nanoparticle. Meanwhile, by using TiO2 with micro-sized particles, the synthesized BaTiO3 shows the micro-sized. The XRD pattern
confirms that both BaTiO3 nano-sized and micro-sized particles display the tetragonal structure. Both SEM and TEM analysis revealed that the size of the nano-sized material is in the range of 30–50 nm; in the meantime, the microsized material shows a size of 500 nm. The Eg
of both BaTiO3 micro-sized and nano-sized were calculated by using the Kubelka-Munk function. The shifted bandgap of BaTiO3 nano-sized particle is nearly 0.24 eV larger than that of BaTiO3 miro-sized particle due to the particle size effect. The P-E measurement
of n-BaTiO3 proved that the obtained BaTiO3 nano-sized is ferroelectric material. The result may provide a new route for the fabrication of barium titanate nanoparticle with ferroelectric properties.
Synthesis of p-n Heterojunctions via Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition to Enhance the Gas Sensing Properties of Tungsten Trioxide Nanowires: A Mini-Review
Authors: Navarrete Eric , Llobet Eduard
Published: January 2021

Here we discuss the aerosol-assisted synthesis of p–n heterojunction metal oxides and we report their gas sensing properties via a short review of the latest results achieved. In particular, we show that the decoration of one-dimensional tungsten oxide (n-type) with
nanoparticles of different p-type oxides from transition metals such as Ni, Co or Ir enables achieving a chemical and electronic sensitization of the resulting hybrid metal oxide materials. This leads to remarkable differences in responsiveness to gases, showing that, to some extent,
a selective detection of some major pollutant gases (NO2, H2S or NH3) would be possible. Results are critically reviewed, shortcomings are identified and future research directions are given.
TiO2/ZnO Nanocomposite Material for Efficient Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Ali , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Almaani Khalida Faryal , Tahira Aneela , Chandio Ali Dad , Willander Magnus , Nur Omer , Mugheri Abdul Qayoom , Bhatti Adeel Liaquat , Waryani Baradi , Nafady Ayman , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain
Published: January 2021

In this research work, we have produced a composite material consisting titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures via precipitation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study has shown the mixture of nanostructures consisting nanorods and nano flower.
Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) study has confirmed the presence of Ti, Zn and O as main elements in the composite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study has revealed that the successful presence of TiO2 and ZnO in the composite. The composite material exhibits small optical energy
band gap which led to reduction of the charge recombination rate of electron–hole pairs. The band gap for the composite TiO2/ZnO samples namely 1, 2, 3 and 4 is 3.18, 3.00, 2.97 and 2.83 eV respectively. Small optical bandgap gives less relaxation time for the recombination
of electron and hole pairs, thus favorable photodegradation is found. The degradation efficiency for the TiO2/ZnO samples for methylene blue in order of 55.03%, 75.7%, 85.14% and 90.08% is found for the samples 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The proposed study of titanium dioxide addition
into ZnO is facile and inexpensive for the development of efficient photocatalysts. This can be capitalized at large scale for the energy and
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnSe Nanoparticles
Authors: Chi Tran Thi Kim , Hien Bui Thi Thu , Nam Man Hoai , Hai Pham Nguyen
Published: January 2021

We successfully synthesized ZnSe nanoparticles (NPs) by using a hydrothermal method. Careful analyses of X-ray diffraction pattern and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images showed that the synthesized ZnSe NPs with the size of ˜100 nm and sphere-like morphology
crystallized in the zincblende/cubic structure (the F-43m space group). This was also confirmed based upon characteristic vibration modes recorded by using Raman scattering spectroscopy. The study on room-temperature absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra proved ZnSe NPs having high
crystal quality with the band gap energy Eg≈2.63 eV at 300 K and excitonic emission peaked at ˜2.64 eV (469 nm). Particularly, as studying temperature-dependent PL spectra, we found the shift of the emission peak towards lower energies while the PL intensity decreased
when temperature increased from 15 to 300 K. The PL spectral parameters were analyzed by using the Arrhenius and Varshni laws.
Influence of Excess Potassium on Structural and Ferroelectric Properties of Lead-Free Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Minh Nguyen Ngoc , Dan Bui Van , Minh Nguyen Duc , Rijnders Guus , Quan Ngo Duc
Published: January 2021

Lead-free Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 (BKT) ferroelectric films were synthesized on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates via the chemical solution deposition. The influence of the excess potassium on the microstructures and the ferroelectric properties of the films
was investigated in detail. The results showed that the BKT films have reached the well-crystallized state in the single-phase perovskite structure with 20 mol.% excess amount of potassium. For this film, the ferroelectric properties of the films were significantly enhanced. The remnant polarization
(Pr) and maximum polarization (Pm) reached the highest values of 9.4 μC/cm2 and 32.2 μC/cm2, respectively, under the electric field of 400 kV/cm.
MoSx–Co3O4 Nanocomposite for Selective Determination of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Amin Sidra , Tahira Aneela , Solangi Amber , Nafady Ayman , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain
Published: January 2021

Designing a nanocomposite with sensitive and selective determination of ascorbic acid is challenging task. It is possible through the exploitation of attractive features of nanoscience and nanotechnology for the synthesis of nanostructured materials. Herein, we report the decoration
of nanoparticle of MoSx on the surface of Co3O4 nanowires by hydrothermal method. The MoSx nanoparticles shared the large surface on the Co3O4 nanowires, thus it supported in the development enzyme free ascorbic
acid sensor. Non-enzymatic sensor based on MoSx-Co3O4 composite was found very selective for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA) in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4. The MoSx-Co3O4 nanocomposite was used
to modify the glassy carbon electrode to measure AA from variety of practical samples. The MoSx-Co3O4 nanocomposite was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode and it has shown the attractive analytical features such as a low working potential +0.3
V, linear range of concentration from 100–7000 μM, low limit of detection 14 μM, and low limit of quantification (LOQ) of 42 μM. The developed sensor is highly selective and stable. Importantly, it was applied successfully for the practical applications
such as detection of AA from grapefruit, tomato and lemon juice. The excellent electrochemical properties of fabricated MoSx-Co3O4 nanocomposite can be attributed to the increasing electro active surface area of MoSx. The presented
nanocomposite is earth abundant, environment friendly and inexpensive and it holds promising features for the selective and sensitive determination of AA from practical applications. The nanocomposite can be capitalized into the wide range of biomedical applications.
Perforated Carcinoid Tumor of the Appendix: Need for Guidelines for Management With Respect to Prognostic Factors
Authors: McCann Charles , Schwartz Jandie , Perry Luke , Cheng Elaine
Published: January 2021

Carcinoid tumors, one of the most common malignant lesions involving the appendix, are typically found incidentally during routine appendectomies. While up to 20% of acute appendicitis cases present with perforation, the incidence of perforation among patients with undiagnosed carcinoid tumors of the appendix is unknown. In addition, there is no consensus on the management of carcinoid tumors in the perforated appendix or its impact on prognosis. We present a case of a 42-year-old woman presented with perforated appendicitis. Final pathology demonstrated the presence of a 1.1 cm, well-differentiated grade 1 neuroendocrine tumor at the tip of the appendix extending into the subserosa, without evidence for lymphovascular invasion. Given the depth of tumor invasion and the relatively young age of the patient, the decision was made to perform an interval completion right hemicolectomy for lymph node sampling. Only a few cases have been reported in the available literature, and it remains unclear whether appendiceal perforation represents an independent negative prognostic factor for patient survival. Additional data from cohort studies are needed to determine the true incidence, prognosis, and optimal management of newly diagnosed carcinoid tumors in the perforated appendix. Furthermore, clear consensus guidelines are needed to identify the subgroup of patients who would benefit from interval or primary right hemicolectomy.
What We Owe the World Wars: Challenges That Fueled Surgical Innovation
Authors: Pierre Nadj L. , Yeo Charles J. , Tholey Renee M.
Published: January 2021

War has the unique ability to intensify obstacles that surgeons face daily in civilian hospitals. After a brief overview of the historical context of the first and second world wars, this article will focus on how those daily challenges, namely limited skill, bleeding, and infection, led to an era of surgical innovation and standardization of surgical education.
Merendino Resection vs. Transhiatal Gastric Conduit After Resection of the Cardia and the Gastroesophageal Junction
Authors: Eichelmann Ann-Kathrin , Nikitina Milana , Bahde Ralf , Mardin Wolf A. , Slepecka Patrycja , Kebschull Linus , Senninger Norbert , Pascher Andreas , Palmes Daniel
Published: January 2021

Background

Reconstruction after combined cardia resection and removal of the gastroesophageal junction can be carried out by the Merendino procedure or via a gastric conduit. This study compares postoperative complications and quality of life for both approaches.

Methods

All patients who underwent Merendino or gastric conduit reconstruction from 2011-2017 were included. Both groups were investigated regarding postoperative length of stay, complications, and gastrointestinal quality of life.

Results

45 patients were identified, of which, 39 remained for analysis: 22 patients in the Merendino group and 17 patients in the gastric conduit group. The median age of patients in the gastric conduit group (71 (53-92) years) was significantly higher than in the Merendino group (58 (19-75) years), P = .0002. Hospital stay was significantly longer in the gastric conduit group (35.9 (11-82) days vs. 18.2 (7-43) days, P = .0299) and incidence of anastomotic leakage was higher (24% vs. 9%, P = .0171). General incidence of complications (Clavien-Dindo) did not vary ( P = .1694). However, grade 5 complications only occurred in the Merendino group (n = 1). Evaluation of long-term outcome and quality of life showed dysphagia to only have occurred in the Merendino group (n = 3, 14%).

Discussion

Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages: The Merendino procedure showed reduced incidence of anastomotic leakage and shorter hospital stay but was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality rate. Discrepancies in subgroup populations as well as small patient numbers limit the interpretation of the findings. This study does however provide a first comparison of these surgical approaches and may serve as a basis for further investigation.
Bowel Ischemia Score Predicts Early Operation in Patients With Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Morris Rachel S. , Murphy Patrick , Boyle Kelly , Somberg Louis , Webb Travis , Milia David , Tignanelli Christopher J. , de Moya Marc , Trevino Colleen
Published: January 2021

Background

Nonoperative management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) is successful in up to 80% of patients. Current recommendations advocate for computed tomography (CT) scan in all patients with SBO to supplement surgical decision-making. The hypothesis of this study was that cumulative findings on CT would predict the need for operative intervention in the setting of SBO.

Methods

This is an analysis of a retrospectively and prospectively collected adhesive SBO database over a 6-year period. A Bowel Ischemia Score (BIS) was developed based on the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma guidelines of CT findings suggestive of bowel ischemia. One point was assigned for each of the six variables. Early operation was defined as surgery within 6 hours of CT scan.

Results

Of the 275 patients in the database, 249 (90.5%) underwent CT scan. The operative rate was 28.3% with a median time from CT to operation of 21 hours (Interquartile range 5.2-59.2 hours). Most patients (166/217, 76.4%) with a BIS of 0 or 1 were successfully managed nonoperatively, whereas the majority of those with a BIS of 3 required operative intervention (5/6, 83.3%). The discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of BIS for early surgery, any operative intervention, and small bowel resection were 0.83, 0.72, and 0.61, respectively.

Conclusion

The cumulative signs of bowel ischemia on CT scan represented by BIS, rather than the presence or absence of any one finding, correlate with the need for early operative intervention.
Sex Disparities in the Presentation of Gallbladder Disease
Authors: Bailey Kimberly S. , Marsh Wallis , Daughtery Levi , Hobbs Gerry , Borgstrom David
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Although gallbladder disease is more common in women, there is a trend toward more complicated cases in male patients.

Methods

All cholecystectomies captured by the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for the year 2016 were reviewed. This encompassed 38 736 records. Records were reviewed for age, sex, procedure performed, operative time, postoperative diagnosis, functional status, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, preoperative lab values (total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, white blood cell count, and aspartate aminotransferase. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted.

Results

Male patients are more likely to undergo cholecystectomy for a diagnosis of cholecystitis, gallstone pancreatitis, or cholangitis than women who are more likely to carry a diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia. The average operative time increases for both sexes as the patients become older. The average operative time is higher for men than women in all age groups and the variance becomes greater as the patients become older. Age, sex, postoperative diagnosis, ASA class, and functional status were all independently significant in predicting operative time. There was no difference in need for cholangiogram between the sexes. Female patients were more likely to have their cholecystectomy completed laparoscopically and they were more likely to have their surgery performed as an outpatient.

Conclusion

These data show that women were more likely to present with uncomplicated gallbladder disease, while men were more likely to present with complicated gallbladder disease. This suggests that male patients present at a more advanced stage of disease.
Quantitative evaluation of eddy current distribution by relative entropy and cross entropy
Authors: Chen Guolong , Cao Zheng
Published: January 2021

Koch curve exciting coil of an eddy current probe can adjust the eddy current distributing in more directions at a small domain to enhance the sensitivity of eddy current probe for short defect detection. In this study, a relative entropy and a cross entropy of tangential intersection angle spectrum are proposed to evaluate the eddy current distributions in the different directions when the eddy current probe is positioned at different lift-off distances and excited by different exciting frequency alternative currents. The eddy current distributions induced by a circular and a fractal Koch curve exciting coils are analyzed by the two entropy indices. With the increasing of the lift-off distance or the decreasing of the exciting frequency, the eddy current distributions induced by the Koch curve exciting coil are close to those induced by the circular exciting coil.
‘Even a smile helps’: Exploring the interactions between people experiencing homelessness and passersby in public spaces
Authors: Tate Alyssa , Edwards Kaéla , Holmes Nichole , Buffer Steven , Fusfeld Zachary , Baronet Willie , Frasso Rosemary
Published: January 2021

Background:

Many people experiencing homelessness dwell, panhandle, or congregate in public spaces where they frequently cross paths with others. In these spaces, they can be recipients of acts of kindness or emotional and physical insult, but there is little research on the quality, nature, or value of interactions between people living on the street and those who pass them by.

Aim:

This study explored the lived experiences of unhoused people who panhandle and their interactions with passersby in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Methods:

Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who were approached while panhandling and asked to describe their experiences asking for help in public and accessing homelessness services, as well as what they wished to share with passersby. Interviews were coded and analyzed using a directed content analysis approach.

Results:

Participants described being ignored and subjected to violence, leading them to crave meaningful interaction with passersby. They also described experiences of receiving kindness and support while panhandling. Many shared personal histories of tragedy and called for greater empathy and compassion from passersby, as well as society as a whole, for people experiencing homelessness.

Conclusion:

Participants’ experiences were consistent with loneliness, as characterized in the literature as distress at lack of social connection, and were also notable for the verbal and physical violence endured in public spaces. Social isolation and trauma are detrimental to mental health in this vulnerable group, so interventions to support this population should provide opportunities for consistent, supportive social connections and focus on providing low-barrier, stable housing.
Roles, relationships and emotions: Student teachers’ understanding of feedback as interpersonal
Authors: Elbra-Ramsay Caroline
Published: January 2021

This paper reports the findings of a small-scale study seeking to investigate how student teachers, within a three-year undergraduate programme, understand feedback. Feedback has been central to debates and discussion in the assessment literature in recent years. Hence, in this paper, feedback is positioned within the often-contradictory discourses of assessment, including perspectives on student and teacher feedback. The study focused on two first year undergraduate student teachers at a small university in England and considered the relationships between their understanding of feedback as a student, their understanding of feedback as an emerging teacher, and the key influences shaping these understandings. A phenomenological case study methodology was employed with interviews as the prime method of data collection. Themes emerged as part of an Nvivo analysis, including emotional responses, relationships and dialogue, all of which appear to have impacted on the students’ conceptual understanding of feedback as indelibly shaped by its interpersonal and affective, rather than purely cognitive or ideational, dimensions. The paper therefore seeks to contribute to the wider feedback discourse by offering an analysis of empirical data. Although situated within English teacher education, there are tentative conclusions that are applicable to international teacher education and as well as higher education more generally.
Using an N-vinylpyrrolidone co-polymer in reactive dye printing as an alternative to urea
Authors: Min Jie , Ding Meng-ru , He Jin-xin
Published: January 2021

A series of water-soluble co-polymer (NS) from N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS) with a low molecular weight are synthesized as substitutes for urea in the reactive printing of cotton fabrics. The effects of the monomer ratio of NVP to SSS on the color yield of the printed fabrics, the color fastness, and the solubility of the reactive dyes were investigated. The possibility of using a flocculation treatment for printing wastewater was also evaluated. When the dosage of NS-02 (NVP:SSS=7:3) in the printing paste is 1.0 wt%, the color yield and the color fastness of the printed fabric are equivalent to or better than those obtained with 3.0 wt% urea. Compared with the traditional reactive printing with urea, the total nitrogen content in the wastewater after NS-02 is reduced to 15% of that using urea when treated with a suitable amount of inorganic flocculants. It meets the national discharge requirements for printing and dyeing wastewater. The study shows that a low-molecular-weight co-polymer (NS-02) has a high potential to replace urea for the printing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes.
Adaptive control based on Barrier Lyapunov function for a class of full-state constrained stochastic nonlinear systems with dead-zone and unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Shen Fei , Wang Xinjun , Yin Xinghui
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive control based on Barrier Lyapunov function for a class of full-state constrained stochastic nonlinear systems with dead-zone and unmodeled dynamics. To stabilize such a system, a dynamic signal is introduced to dominate unmodeled dynamics and an assistant signal is constructed to compensate for the effect of the dead zone. Dynamic surface control is used to solve the “complexity explosion” problem in traditional backstepping design. Two cases of symmetric and asymmetric Barrier Lyapunov functions are discussed respectively in this paper. The proposed Barrier Lyapunov function based on backstepping method can ensure that the output tracking error converges in the small neighborhood of the origin. This control scheme can ensure that semi-globally uniformly ultimately boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system. Two simulation cases are proposed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical method.
Knowledge audit as an important tool in organizational management: A review of literature
Authors: Ayinde Lateef , Orekoya Ibrahim Oluwapelumi , Adepeju Qaozara Adebanke , Shomoye Adeyinka M
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to review current literature on knowledge management and highlight the importance of knowledge audit in bringing about a holistic knowledge solution to knowledge management. Based on the review of literature on knowledge management, this study points out the role of knowledge audit in solving the challenges in organizations’ tacit and explicit knowledge. Specifically, the paper concentrates on knowledge audit, knowledge risk and international and national standards on knowledge audit processes.

The contribution of this study to literature are the suggestions that knowledge risk and international standards procedures could be applied to knowledge audit. The important conclusion of this paper is that knowledge risk management has not been fully explored in the study of knowledge audit. The paper addresses the research question of what organizations must embark on in the process of knowledge audit.

The paper attempts to provide answer to the question by highlighting the importance of knowledge audit and the reasons why organizations carry out knowledge audit, and also the existing knowledge audit frameworks and methodologies.
Trends, patterns and determinants of research productivity at the Technical University of Kenya
Authors: Atieno Abok Villary , Onyancha Omwoyo Bosire , Kwanya Tom
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the trends, patterns and determinants of research productivity at the Technical University of Kenya (TU-K). It analyses the research output of full-time academic staff collected from Google Scholar using Harzing’s “Publish or Perish” software. Further information was obtained from the top ten researchers based on productivity from the analysed research output. Additional information was obtained from purposively sampled officers of the university, including the Deputy Vice-Chancellor in charge of Academics, Research and Students; three executive deans of faculties; and the Director of Research and Knowledge Exchange. The study revealed gradual growth in research productivity at TU-K. The study also revealed that insufficient funding, lack of motivation, limited time and lack of equipment are some of the factors affecting research productivity at TU-K. Full implementation of performance contracting targets and establishment of the Directorate of Research and Knowledge Exchange are some of the strategies being implemented to increase research output, visibility and impact. The authors recommend that the university should nurture interest in, as well as enhance capability for inquiry and investigation to increase research productivity. The university should also create mechanisms for building intrinsic motivation and address the extrinsic factors in order to catapult research productivity.
Prevalence and inventory of venous anatomical abnormalities in the arms of patients with combined capillary, venous and lymphatic malformations (Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome)
Authors: Zwerink LGJM , Praster R , van der Vleuten CJM
Published: January 2021

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of arm-involvement in Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS)-patients and to describe the venous anatomy and/or venous aberrations present in the arm, and if possible, their relationship to complaints (pain, congestion and thromboembolic events).

Methods

A retrospective cohort-study was performed with data from medical records of a large KTS-cohort (n = 173) from a tertiary referral center. Within this cohort, a descriptive study (n = 12) was performed on the KTS-patients with arm involvement and who had been examined with Colour Duplex Ultrasonography (CDU).

Results

Our KTS-cohort (n = 173) comprised 43 patients (24.9%) with arm-involvement; in nineteen patients (11.0%) the arm was the only affected limb. Of those KTS patients investigated with CDU, 9 out of 12 (75%) had an aberrant venous anatomy.

Conclusion

Future research needs to clarity whether the complaints of KTS-patients in general are caused by an aberrant venous anatomy, coagulation alterations and/or other factors. Herein, the KTS-arms may play an important role.
The directors of urban transformation: The case of Oslo
Authors: Andersen Bengt , Eline Ander Hannah , Skrede Joar
Published: January 2021

We investigate the urban transformation strategies of major developers and other key actors in the context of neoliberalism and its influence on politics, including urban development governance. Drawing primarily on interviews with corporate developers operating in the downtown areas of Oslo, Norway, we show how these influential actors with little formal political responsibility not only shape the physical structures but also significantly influence the social, economic and cultural fabric of the city. While they do not have a coordinated strategy, private developers do aim to transform urban areas to fit the preferences of the middle and upper classes. However, the situation is not as negative and predetermined as many critiques of gentrification processes assume. Besides demonstrating some positive outcomes of local transformation processes, our study shows that a fully gentrified downtown, along with the social exclusion mechanisms, has not been implemented yet.
Efficacy and safety of sugammadex doses calculated on the basis of corrected body weight and total body weight for the reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade in morbidly obese patients
Authors: Li Deming , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhou Yong , Yin Chunming
Published: January 2021

Objective

We investigated the efficacy and safety of sugammadex doses calculated using corrected body weight (CBW) for reversing deep rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-five morbidly obese patients were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a CBW group, n = 50; (2) a total body weight (TBW) group, n = 50; and (3) a control group, n = 25. Deep NMB was maintained using a continuous infusion of rocuronium. At the reappearance of 1 to 2 post-tetanic counts (PTCs), 4 mg/kg sugammadex, calculated using CBW or TBW, were administered.

Results

All the participants in the CBW and TBW groups recovered to a train-of-four (TOF) ratio of 0.9 within 5 minutes. The recovery times from the start of sugammadex administration to a TOF ratio of 0.9 were 2.2 ± 0.7 and 2.0 ± 0.7 minutes in the CBW and TBW groups, respectively. Thus, a sugammadex dose calculated using CBW was not inferior to that calculated using TBW for the reversal of rocuronium-induced deep NMB in morbidly obese patients.

Conclusion

A dose of 4 mg/kg of sugammadex calculated using CBW is efficient and safe for the reversal of deep NMB after a continuous infusion of rocuronium in morbidly obese patients.

Clinical Trial Registration Number

ChiCTR1900028652 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, www.chictr.org.cn )
Safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization for large benign prostatic hyperplasia in elderly patients
Authors: Xu Chen , Zhang Gang , Wang Jin-jin , Zhou Chun-xian , Jiang Min-jun
Published: January 2021

Objective

To assess the safety and efficacy of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) for elderly patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to large benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods

Twenty-eight patients (>80 years of age) with prostate volume >80 mL were enrolled from October 2016 to October 2019. PAE was performed using microspheres and functional results were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The following data were recorded: International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume, prostate volume and total prostate-specific antigen level.

Results

Selective prostatic arterial catheterization and embolization were achieved in 27 of 28 patients. Follow-up data were available for those 27 patients until 12 months postoperatively. Significant improvements were found at all postoperative time points in terms of the mean IPSS, mean QoL score, mean Qmax, mean post-void residual urine volume, mean total prostate-specific antigen level, and mean prostate volume. The overall complication rate was 46.4%.

Conclusions

PAE is an efficacious and safe treatment for elderly patients with large prostate volume; it may offer an effective approach for patients who are not candidates for open or endoscopic surgical procedures because of comorbidities.
Clinical application of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a patient with kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Tan Hao-tian , Yi Wen-ting , Shi Lei , Wang Wen-ting , Lin Chun-hua
Published: January 2021

This case report describes the performance of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a 50-year-old woman who had scoliosis with kyphosis and a history of tuberculosis of the lumbar spine. The operation was performed with the patient under general anesthesia and in the prone position. Residual stones were found in the right lower kidney calyx postoperatively, resulting in a second-phase surgery using the same approach 2 weeks later. All stones were successfully removed during the second surgery. No complications occurred in either operation, and the patient recovered well. This study suggests that ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe and effective approach in treating renal calculi in patients with scoliosis.
Interpersonal Violence and Institutional Misconduct in the Los Angeles County Jail System: A Mixed Method Investigation
Authors: Labrecque Ryan M.
Published: January 2021

This study involved a mixed method evaluation of interpersonal violence and institutional misconduct in the Los Angeles county jail system. Interviews with 52 correctional staff uncovered a widely shared belief that AB 109, Prop 47, and the Rosas decision had all contributed to an increase in violence and misconduct in the jail. Analysis of administrative records indicated there was a rise in the monthly rates of these adverse outcomes from 2010 to 2017. Intervention ARIMA models, however, revealed evidence of a statistically significant increase following only the passage of Prop 47. An examination of inmate characteristics across the 8-year observation period confirmed staff suspicions that jail incarcerates with more extensive criminal histories were being confined following the passage of these policies. If jails are to be responsible for confining higher risk inmates, provisions should also be made to increase the availability of evidence-based rehabilitative programming and other treatment services that can help combat the occurrence of these adverse outcomes.
Ratcheting assessment of corroded elbow pipes subjected to internal pressure and cyclic bending moment
Authors: Salehi Ali , Rahmatfam Armin , Zehsaz Mohammad
Published: January 2021

The present study aimed to study ratcheting strains of corroded stainless steel 304LN elbow pipes subjected to internal pressure and cyclic bending moment. To this aim, spherical and cubical shapes corrosion are applied at two depths of 1 mm and 2 mm in the critical points of elbow pipe such as symmetry sites at intrados, extrados, and crown positions. Then, a Duplex 2205 stainless steel elbow pipe is considered as an alternative to studying the impact of the pipe materials, due to its high corrosion resistance and strength, toughness, and most importantly, the high fatigue strength and other mechanical properties than stainless steel 304LN. In order to perform numerical analyzes, the hardening coefficients of the materials were calculated. The results highlight a significant relationship between the destructive effects of corrosion and the depth and shape of corrosion, so that as corrosion increases, the resulting destructive effects increases as well, also, the ratcheting strains in cubic corrosions have a higher growth rate than spherical corrosions. In addition, the growth rate of the ratcheting strains in the hoop direction is much higher across the studied sample than the axial direction. The highest growth rate of hoop strain was observed at crown and the highest growth rate of axial strains occurred at intrados position. Altogether, Duplex 2205 material has a better performance than SS 304LN.
Overall and Gender-specific Associations between Dimensions of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health Outcomes among Homeless Adults: Associations Générales et Sexospécifiques Entre les Dimensions des Expériences Défavorables de L’enfance et les Résultats de Santé Mentale Chez les Adultes Sans Abri
Authors: Liu Michael , Mejia-Lancheros Cilia , Lachaud James , Latimer Eric , Aubry Tim , Somers Julian , Distasio Jino , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Hwang Stephen W.
Published: January 2021

Objective:

The associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and psychopathology have been well-established in the general population. Research on ACEs in the homeless population has been limited. This study examined whether ACE exposure is associated with specific mental health outcomes among a national sample of homeless adults with mental illness and whether this association varies according to ACE dimension and gender.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study utilized data from a national sample of 2,235 homeless adults with mental illness in Canada to evaluate their sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to ACEs, and mental health outcomes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to identify and confirm ACE dimensions (maltreatment, sexual abuse, neglect, divorce, and household dysfunction) from individual ACE items. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations between total ACE score and ACE dimensions with mental illness diagnoses and psychopathology severity.

Results:

The mean total ACE score among all study participants was 4.44 (standard deviation [ SD]: 2.99). Total ACE score was positively associated with several mental illness diagnoses and psychopathology severity. Unique associations were found between specific ACE dimensions and poor mental health outcomes. The prevalence of almost all ACEs was significantly higher among women. Yet, associations between several ACE dimensions and poor mental health outcomes existed uniquely among men.

Conclusions:

There are unique and gender-specific associations between specific ACE dimensions and mental health outcomes among homeless adults. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations is needed to inform screening, prevention, and treatment efforts, particularly given the very high prevalence of ACEs among this vulnerable and marginalized population.