bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subseasonal prediction of the 2020 Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea marine heatwave
Authors: Benthuysen Jessica A , Smith Grant A , Spillman Claire M , Steinberg Craig R
Published: November 2021

The 2020 marine heatwave (MHW) in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and Coral Sea led to mass coral bleaching. Sea surface temperature anomalies reached +1.7 °C for the whole of the GBR and Coral Sea and exceeded +2 °C across broad regions (referenced to 1990–2012). The MHW reached Category 2 (Strong) and warm anomalies peaked between mid-February and mid-March 2020. The MHW’s peak intensity aligned with regions of reduced cloud cover and weak wind speeds. We used a MHW framework to assess the ability of an operational coupled ocean-atmosphere prediction system (Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Seasonal version 1) to capture the MHW’s severity, duration, and spatial extent. For initial week predictions, the predicted MHW severity generally agreed with the magnitude and spatial extent of the observed severity for that week. The model ensemble mean did not capture the MHW’s development phase at lead times beyond the first week. The model underestimated the MHW’s spatial extent, which reached up to 95% of the study area with at least Moderate severity and up to 43% with at least Strong severity. However, most forecast ensemble members correctly predicted the period of Strong severity in the first week of the model forecast. The model correctly predicted MHW conditions to persist from mid-February to mid-March but did not capture the end of the MHW. The inability to predict the end of the event and other periods of less skilful prediction were related to subseasonal variability owing to weather systems, including the passage of tropical cyclones not simulated in the model. On subseasonal time scale, evaluating daily to weekly forecasts of ocean temperature extremes is an important step toward implementing methods for developing operational forecast extremes products for use in early warning systems.
Probing multipartite entanglement, coherence and quantum information preservation under classical Ornstein–Uhlenbeck noise
Authors: Rahman Atta Ur , Javed Muhammad , Ji ZhaoXu , Ullah Arif
Published: November 2021

We address entanglement, coherence, and information protection in a system of four non-interacting qubits coupled with different classical environments, namely: common, bipartite, tripartite, and independent environments described by Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (ORU) noise. We show that quantum information preserved by the four qubit state is more dependent on the coherence than the entanglement using time-dependent entanglement witness, purity, and Shannon entropy. We find these two quantum phenomena directly interrelated and highly vulnerable in environments with ORU noise, resulting in the pure exponential decay of a considerable amount. The current Markovian dynamical map, as well as suppression of the fluctuating character of the environments, are observed to be entirely attributable to the Gaussian nature of the noise. The increasing number of environments are witnessed to speed up the amount of decay. Unlike other noises, the current noise parameter’s flexible range is readily exploitable, ensuring long enough preserved memory properties. The four-qubit GHZ state, besides having a large information storage potential, stands partially entangled and coherent in common environments for an indefinite duration. In addition, we derive computational values for each system-environment interaction, which will help quantum practitioners to optimize the related classical environments.
Fluctuations in heat engines
Authors: Holubec Viktor , Ryabov Artem
Published: November 2021

At the dawn of thermodynamics, Carnot’s constraint on efficiency of heat engines stimulated the formulation of one of the most universal physical principles, the second law of thermodynamics. In recent years, the field of heat engines acquired a new twist due to enormous efforts to develop and describe microscopic machines based on systems as small as single atoms. At microscales, fluctuations are an inherent part of dynamics and thermodynamic variables such as work and heat fluctuate. Novel probabilistic formulations of the second law imply general symmetries and limitations for the fluctuating output power and efficiency of the small heat engines. Will their complete understanding ignite a similar revolution as the discovery of the second law? Here, we review the known general results concerning fluctuations in the performance of small heat engines. To make the discussion more transparent, we illustrate the main abstract findings on exactly solvable models and provide a thorough theoretical introduction for newcomers to the field.
Determination of the level of seismic hazard in Yogyakarta using fuzzy simple additive weighting method
Authors: Saptaningtyas F Y , Abadi A M , Musthofa  , Utomo E Y , Sugiyarto A W
Published: November 2021

This study aims to obtain a mapping of seismic hazard vulnerability of Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) using the Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW) method. This mapping is serves as an act of mitigation for earthquake disasters to reduce the risk of earthquake disasters and minimize fatalities or losses in earthquake-prone areas. The factors used construct the mapping of earthquake-prone areas in Yogyakarta are social, physical, and economic vulnerabilities. Each factor has several variables. The data of this research were taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) of the Special Region of Yogyakarta from 2014 to 2017. The FSAW method was used to determine the level of seismic hazard for each sub-district in DIY with a high, medium, or low vulnerability category. The steps taken in the FSAW method are (1) performing fuzzification for each variable, (2) normalizing, (3) determining the weigh of each variable, (4) determining the classification of the result; whether it is categorized under high, medium, or low level. The result from this study is a map that shows areas in each district of Special Region of Yogyakarta with high, medium, and low seismic vulnerability. Based on the social, economic and physical vulnerability factors, it was found that every sub-district in Yogyakarta City were categorized under the high-level vulnerability, while the sub-districts in Bantul, Gunungkidul, Kulonprogo and Sleman Regencies had the average level of medium.
Developing Disaster Mitigation Education with Local Wisdom: Exemplified in Indonesia Schools
Authors: Triastari Irfiani , Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti , Rahmia Sovia Husni
Published: November 2021

In vulnerable disaster-geographical condition in ring of fire, schools in Indonesia have conducted innovation of disaster mitigation education recent years. A disaster mitigation model in Indonesia is the use of local wisdom. Local wisdom-based disaster education aims as grand design during learning process and it supports the formation of student resilience. Therefore, to revive the value of local wisdom, it needs reinterpretation through adaptation of local knowledge and revitalization of contemporary conditions as innovations in disaster risk reduction. Through the integration of local wisdom based on disaster mitigation curriculum in the learning process, it is expected to be able to take fast, precise and accurate steps in dealing with disasters that occur in every region in Indonesia.
Assessment of potential locations for evacuation in Depok Municipality using images from UAV
Authors: Halil Amrih , Hernina Revi , Rokhmatuloh
Published: November 2021

This study aims to perform assessment of public facilities in Perumnas Depok Utara, Depok Municipality, Indonesia for evacuation locations using images from UAV. A UAV device, a DJI Phantom 4 was flown at 100 metres height to capture seven locations of public facilities located within Perumnas Depok Utara residential area. Raw images from DJI Phantom 4 underwent image processing and georeferencing process to generate smooth aerial images. Public facilities locations were identified from acquired images and later digitized to generate layers of assessment parameters. Each locations were scored based on rating of all criteria’s parameters. Seven criteria serve as foundation layers for evacuation assessment namely size, ownership, availability, capacity, infrastructure, transportation and safety. Study result shows that Jawa Soccer Field is the first rank of potential evacuation location while Balai Rakyat Meeting Place is the least potential evacuation location. Total area for potential evacuation locations around 43,000 m2 and can accommodate 28,961 people or equal to 60.5% of Beji Village’s population.
Community Education Model Design In Management Household Waste In Padang City
Authors: Ernawati  , Suardi Muslim , Afdhal  , Jasrio Affandri , Angraina Dilla
Published: November 2021

This study aims to design a community education model in waste management in the city of Padang. This type of research is qualitative research using data collection techniques, namely literature study, observation and interviews. The results showed that the paradigm of housewives regarding waste management that relies on downstream must be replaced with a new paradigm, namely waste management from upstream to downstream which covers the entire waste cycle. The obstacle in waste management is the perception of the community that waste management is the responsibility of the local government, not the responsibility of each individual. Furthermore, the sanctions given to dumping garbage in any place have not provided a deterrent effect. Therefore, based on the results of the field and literature studies carried out, obtained a community education model design based on the recycle waste management model by synergizing the government, community and company / private sector and emphasizing adult education. That is, the design of the resulting model encourages people's knowledge and self-confidence, so that it can also encourage positive change, both physically and mentally in a real, comprehensive, and sustainable manner.
The Role of Sense of Coherence and Social Capital on Perceived Risk: The Salutogenic Model Approach on Flood Survivors in Indonesia
Authors: Maulana H , Gumelar G , Irianda G
Published: November 2021

The study of flood risk perception has been received growing attention in multi-disciplinary research and practice. Indonesia’s government approach on managing the impact of flood is highly dependence on structural engineering solutions. Few empirical attempts have systematically established to understand whether positive psychological capacity strategy helps flood survivors to overcome the negative impact of flood. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of salutogenic and social capital models on flood risk perception. A national survey was used to collect the data of flood survivors across Indonesia. A battery comprising socio-demographic information, measures of salutogenic variable (sense of coherence), social capital (sense of community and social trust), and individual risk perception on flood was administered to the Indonesian adult (N = 194). This study findings showed that the overall model successfully predicted the perceived risk dimensions. However, different routes of correlation across variables were identified. Discussion and future recommendation are presented with regard to the study finding.
Spatial Representation Developing Geographical awareness for Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Nursa’ban Muhammad , Mukminan  , Masruri Muhsinatun Siasah , Wati Iis Kurnia , Lestari Rias Murti , Hartoyo Endah Kusumastuty
Published: November 2021

Reducing the risk of various natural disasters makes us learn more about the meaning of safe and sustainable living space. Geographical awareness which is formed by understanding spatial representation should be owned as a capital for disaster mitigation. This study aims to describe the level of geographic awareness with the spatial representation of high school students in Yogyakarta. The study used a quantitative descriptive research design with a questionnaire technique by stratified random sampling on 180 samples of high school students in Yogyakarta. Data are presented as a percentage in tables, charts, and graphs. The results showed that the level of geographic awareness through understanding the spatial representation of high school students' disaster risk reduction varied from low to high. A high understanding of spatial representation is shown by around 30 percent of students, 50 percent in the medium category, and less than 15 percent in the low category. Three factors of geographical awareness, namely: caring, polite, responsive, and tolerant attitude towards the surrounding environment; trying to be part of the solution to environmental problems; love the homeland. All respondents agreed with geographic awareness through spatial representation as an alternative to disaster risk reduction.
The Role of Village Tourism in Environmental Education and Social Disaster Management
Authors: Saliman  , Wibowo Satriyo , Widiastuti Anik , Rosardi Raras Gistha
Published: November 2021

The development of the tourist village is very fast. People are aware of the need for tourism which tends to return to nature and offers a natural atmosphere. There have been many villages that have tried to develop their territory into a Tourism Village. However, this tourist village is not yet fully ready to provide for the various needs of tourists who come at any time. Some are only labeled as tourist villages, but have not maximally applied their tourism charm. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of tourist villages in providing environmental education and social disaster management. This research uses descriptive qualitative. The use of qualitative methods is also considered because the research instrument is a human being or the researcher himself. The research location is in Grogol Sleman Tourism Village. Researchers conducted observations and interviews with village officials and the community in the tourist village of Grogol. The research subjects were determined by purposive sampling technique. Purposive sampling is a technique of taking data sources according to the special considerations of the researcher. Data collection techniques in this study using a questionnaire (questionnaire), interview (interview), observation (observation), and documentaries (secondary sources). The data analysis technique used in this study was the triangulation technique. The triangulation technique used in this study includes triangulation of methods to compare research results obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that the development of the Grogol Tourism Village is one of the steps for entrepreneurial opportunities, environmental management and social disaster management. Grogol tourism village is an independent tourism village. Grogol tourism village initially relied on cultural potential in self-promotion. Over time, the management of the tourism village has innovated to make Grogol Tourism Village a nature-based tourism village, but without eliminating the cultural elements and local wisdom of the local community.
In vitro propagation of Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis protocorm on media containing liquid organic fertilizer as a substitute for MS media
Authors: Latunra A I , Tuwo M , Rezky N
Published: November 2021

Vanda orchids have a high economic value in the flower industry, so it is necessary to have seeds available at all times. Tissue culture technology offers an important solution to produce plants in large numbers, but it is very costly in media preparation. Hence, it is necessary to have low-cost options for the application of planting media. One way of doing this is to substitute the composition of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with alternative sources that are more affordable. Liquid organic fertilizer contains macro, micro, and good nutrients for the growth of explants. This study used explants from the protocorm of Vanda tricolor Lindl orchid. var. suavis aged three months planted on media containing liquid organic fertilizer, namely Nasa, Bio88, and Fortune. The parameters observed were the number of shoots and the number of leaves in each treatment. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test at the 5% level, and if there was an effect, it was continued with the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that liquid organic fertilizer gave different responses to the Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis protocorm. Liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the number of shoots and number of leaves.
Antifungal activity of extracts of Melia azedarach and Ageratum conyzoides against Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae through in vitro test
Authors: Asman Asman , Cahyani A B , Nufus A H , Rosmana A , Fakhruddin A , Natsir N U
Published: November 2021

Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is one of the pathogens of the cocoa dieback disease. Currently, the disease is considered a significant disease in cocoa, which is a newly emerging disease in Sulawesi. The control tools and methods remain unexplored comprehensively. The main objective of this study was to evaluate Melia azedarach and Ageratum conyzoides leaf extract to inhibit the growth of the L. pseudotheobromae. Three different concentrations were applied for each weed extract, namely: 1%, 3%, and 5%. The experiment was conducted through the poison food technique method both in solid medium and liquid medium. M. azedarach and A. conyzoides were significantly inhibited the colony growth of L. pseudotheobromae in all concentrations in solid medium. However, A. conyzoides 5% performed well to suppress the colony growth of L. pseudotheobromae (42.7%), followed by M. azedarach 5% (16.0%). The mycelium biomass of L. pseudotheobromae was significantly inhibited by M. azedarach and A. conyzoides as well. A. conyzoides 5% showed a higher inhibition of the fungal biomass either wet biomass (90.3%) or dry biomass (95.5%), followed by M. azedarach 5% both wet biomass (85.6%) and dry biomass (78.1%). M. azedarach and A. conyzoides remain to inhibit the colony growth and fungal biomass regardless of the type of concentrations. M. azedarach and A. conyzoides can potentially be an option for controlling dieback disease caused by L. pseudotheobromae.
Association of dominated tree species in secondary pamah forest of Ponda-Ponda Nature Reserve, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Karim Hadijah Azis , Asrianny  , Witno  , Tiara
Published: November 2021

The Ponda-Ponda Nature Reserve is an apamah vegetation type of secondary forest belonging to a forest conservation area. The objective of this research was to gain information about tree species domination and association in the secondary pamah forest. The collecting data was conducted from December 2020 – March 2021. The primary data was obtained from direct measurements, which tree ≥ 10 cm dbh and 5 m tall censused using multiple plots (20 m × 30 m) by systematic sampling in the line transects. The line transect was placed purposively to represent the plant community. The result showed that six tree species are having high dominance with 15 combination types. The highest dominant species isNauclea orientalis, with an important index value of 18.56%. There were only two couples that had associations, such asN. orientalis & S. celebica.This pair shows a very strong or very significant association at the 5% level with a value of 4.29. While the view of P.anisophylla & S. celebicaonly had an association at the 10% level with a value of 3.60. Both of the pairs also have the high index association by Jaccard Index. The association presented that six couples had positive association and six couples had a negative association with a level of dependence ranging from low to high classification. But the others three pairs showed unidentified association types.
The influence of particle soaking in acetic acid and NaOH solutions on the quality of sandwich particleboard from raru wood and belangke bamboo
Authors: Iswanto A H , Nadeak M R , Octaviani F , Darwis A , Susilowati A , Hartono R
Published: November 2021

As a composite product, particleboard has disadvantages related to low dimensional stability. The research purpose was to analyze the effect of immersion in acetic acid and NaOH solution on the quality of the particleboard sandwich. Sandwich particleboard (SPb) was made in a size of 25 cm length and 25 cm width. The target thickness and density are 1 cm and 0.75 g/cm3, respectively. The adhesive used was isocyanate adhesive with a content of 7%. First, The particles, which were in the form of wood shavings and bamboo strands, were soaked in a solution of acetic acid and NaOH at various concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%). The moisture content of the particles to be made SPb was set at 7%. After evenly mixing the particles (wood shavings and bamboo strands) and the adhesive, the sheet was created. The board sheets were made into three layers, namely 40% face layer in the form of a bamboo strand, 20% core layer in the form of wood shavings, and 40% back layer in the form of the bamboo strand. The next stage was the hot pressing process at 160 °C for 5 min and 30 kg/cm2pressure. The following process was conditioning the board for seven days. Testing of quality refers to the standard JIS A5908 (2003). The results showed that the immersion of Raru wood particles in acetic acid and NaOH significantly affected the value of density, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bond. Except for the moisture content on the AA3 and NA2 boards and the internal bond value on the untreated (control) board, all of the panel properties in this study met the standard.
Community-based conservation through stakeholder collaboration in the Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA) of Kao, North Halmahera Regency
Authors: Simanjuntak Radios , Siregar Benny Aladin , Boleu Fiktor Imanuel
Published: November 2021

Mangrove forest in Kao Village, North Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province, is a Key Biodiversity Area. Since 2017, the community has been protecting mangrove forests through Kao Village Regulation No.03/2007. In 2020, through the collaboration between stakeholders from universities, NGOs and the government, the Kao mangrove forest area of 300.92 Ha was designated as an Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA) based on the North Halmahera Regent Decree No.078/102/HU/2020. This study describes the biodiversity and the community-based conservation through stakeholder collaboration in the EEA of Kao. The study found that there are 13 mangrove species and 56 bird species, of which 10 are protected species. In 2020, the community has built a mangrove nursery and rehabilitated 8 ha of degraded mangrove forest with the participation of about 70 people. Since the establishment of EEA, the community has stopped hunting for eggs of the endemic moluccan scrubfowl (Eulipoa wallacei) and is trying to increase its population through semi-natural hatching on the beach. The community has also learned to use non-timber mangrove forest products and ecotourism through the support of stakeholders.
Fauna biodiversity as one of Repong Damar forest health indicators
Authors: Doria Cici , Safe’i Rahmat , Iswandaru Dian , Kaskoyo Hari
Published: November 2021

Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan has a diverse fauna, especially primates. Primates have great benefits for forest sustainability, because the fruit seeds ingested by primates will help spread biodiversity and forest regeneration. The presence of primates can also be an indicator of forest health. The health condition of the repong damar forest is very influential on its sustainability so that one of the health indicators that can be used is biodiversity. Biodiversity of fauna can be identified by using the FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method to determine the diversity and condition of its health status. Repong Damar has a diversity of primate fauna, namely long-tailed monkeys and gibbons found in cluster plots 3 and 5. Based on this, Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan has poor forest health status.
Ant colonies in Denver areas: Did they affected by extreme condition?
Authors: Aminah Sri Nur
Published: November 2021

The basic debates in science since a few years ago related issues of environmental and climate changes. Global warming huge effects in the biodiversity around the world. The classical example, an extreme condition in summer season under the pressure of climate change has a big impact on environmental especially the presence of ant colonies in Denver Colorado, USA. We know well, ant as famous social insect, strongest organism in daily work and ability adaptable in all of the environmental changes. The purpose of the research is to study the presence of ant colonies species and the impact of the environmental in Denver areas. The research was conducted in summer season (June – July 2021) in sidewalks of student’s dorm at Denver Colorado USA. The observation focused to ant species that survived around the environment. The parameter of observations: ant colonies species and their anticipated adapted in the extreme condition. The first data observation showed the dominant ant colonies identified as Tetramorium sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In the simple case effect of the extreme condition increasing soil temperature and humidity affected movement to another place, protecting them from sunlight exposure. There is the “natural real fact” why the diversity of organisms decreasing when they are under the pressure of their habitat changes. The conclusion of field observation was showed: the pavement ant (Tetramorium sp.) as the dominant ant in Denver areas. The ant colonies activities are strongest affected by the temperature of soil, humidity, and food availability. There is a need for effort in the management of the environment in the summer condition, such as: preparing to plant more plant production nectar and seeds around a nest of ant colonies.
Ex-Situ conservation strategy with apisilviculture systems based on Trigona incisa
Authors: Budiaman  , Yusran  , Paembonan Samuel Arung , Gautama Iswara , Yatim Hertasning
Published: November 2021

Luwu Utara District has the potential of natural resources and other supporting potentials in the development of the local bees Trigona incisa, but until now has not been inventoried accurately so there is no data base to formulate its development strategy in order to optimize the potential use. This study aims to determine Formulating an ex-situ conservation strategy for local beekeeping in North Luwu Regency.the potential development of local bees cultivation Trigona incisa in North Luwu . The research method used is direct observation, secondary data review, semi-structured interviews, ven diagrams, braistorming and discussion with target groups. The data collected consist of primary data and secondary data. The socioeconomic data obtained, analyzed descriptively, the role data between sectors were analyzed by Ven Diagram, policy data were analyzed with Content Analysis, while the local cultivation development strategy was analyzed by SWOT Analysis. The results showed that: North Luwu Regency had considerable potential in supporting the development of Trigona incisa local bees culture, among others: government policy, socio-cultural breeders, biophysical conditions and basic skills/knowledge of mastering several apiary technologies. The formulation of local bees cultivation development strategy in North Luwu Regency covers short and long term strategy. Short-term strategies include: Strengthening potential data base, network and information of farmers community through counseling/training. While long-term strategy include: Improvement of community empowerment of farmers through counseling/training (cultivation, harvest management, processing and marketing), creation of queen bee breeding center, and training of queen making and pest and disease control techniques.
The impact of climate change and natural disasters on food security in Indonesia: lessons learned on preserving forests sustainability
Authors: Malau L R E , Darhyati A T , Suharno
Published: November 2021

Food security is one of the main goals in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal’s (SDG’s). Food security, natural disasters, and climate change are thought to be interrelated. Climate change contributes to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, drought, land and forest fires, resulting in reduced food production, increased food prices, and disrupted access to food distribution. Ultimately, the impacts of climate change and natural disasters are one of the main causes of hunger and affect all dimensions of food security. This study aimed to analyze the impact of climate change, natural disasters, and other determinants on food security in Indonesia using the Tobit regression. The data used was from 33 provinces in 2010-2018. Climate change was proxied by rainfall, while natural disasters were proxied by the frequency of natural disasters and facility damage due to disasters. The results showed that food crop production, GRDP per capita, and the average years of schooling had a significant effect on increasing food security. Meanwhile, rainfall and deforestation had a significant effect on reducing food security. On the other hand, although not significant, the frequency and damage to facilities due to natural disasters harms food security. The results of this study confirmed the importance of preserving forest biodiversity as an effort to achieve food security as seen from the negative effects of rainfall and deforestation on food security. In this case, deforestation was one of the contributors to climate change which in turn had an impact on the intensity of natural disasters. To achieve food security for the achievement of the SDGs, policies to reduce deforestation or forest conversion need attention as one of the efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change and natural disasters.
Analysis of plant root properties, texture and porosity that affects landslides in Tangka Sub-Watershed
Authors: Afriawan A , Ahmad A , Gusli S
Published: November 2021

Tangka Sub-Watershed in West Sinjai District is one of the sub-watersheds in South Sulawesi, which often experiences landslides. Factors causing landslides were divided into control factors and trigger factors. One of the triggering factors for landslides is the characteristics of soil and plant properties. Several previous research results stated that soil characteristics greatly affect the occurrence of landslides, while plant roots help stabilize soil bonds and slopes. This study aims to determine the triggering factors of the soil (soil texture and porosity) and the distribution of plant roots that affect the occurrence of landslides. Soil texture analysis using hydrometer method. Soil porosity and moisture content using gravimetric and pycnometer methods. The results showed that the soil texture was dominated by silty clay loam impact on low soil cohesion. Intensive land use decreases soil porosity to <50% and increases soil bulk density to 1.4 g/cm3. The soil quickly becomes saturated and could induce the rotting of plant roots. These characteristics increase the vulnerability of the soil, thereby increasing the potential for landslides.
Prediction of erosion and sedimentation rates using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) method in the Jenelata Sub Watershed
Authors: Wahyuni  , Soma Andang Suryana , Arsyad Usman , Sariyani Riska , Mappangaja Baharuddin
Published: November 2021

Erosion and sedimentation are problems that often occur in watershed ecosystems. The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) can be used to determine the output of a watershed’s performance. Jenelata sub-watershed area is one of the largest sub-watersheds of the Jeneberang watershed with 22.800 ha. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of the hydrologic response unit (HRU) and analyze the rate of erosion and sedimentation in the Jenelata sub-watershed. The results showed that most HRUs are in secondary dryland forests with 447 HRU (19.09%). The level of erosion in the very light category, namely 5.74 ton/ha/year (37.53%) and light 34.71 ton/ha/year (27.76%), was in the villages of Moncongloe, Tana Karaeng, Sicini, Paladindang, Towata, Parang Lampoa, Manuju, and Buakkang. Meanwhile, moderate erosion was 104.07 ton/ha/year (23.92%), high 289.65 ton/ha/year (9.59%), and very high 553.74 ton/ha/year (1.20%) located in the villages of Pattallikang, Mangempang, Bontomanai, Bissoloro, Rannaloe, Jenebatu, and Sapaya. The largest sedimentation is 133.18 ton/ha/year in sub-watershed17, located in Bissoloro and Rannaloe villages.
The presence of Austropuccinia psidii and the threat to Myrtaceae plantations in Indonesia
Authors: Faradilla F A , Prihatini I , Suranto
Published: November 2021

Austropuccinia psidii is an invasive pathogenic rust that infects the Myrtaceae family. This rust is a threat to Myrtaceae plantations around the world due to its widespread distribution. In this study, we observed the presence of A. psidii in three species of Myrtaceae, i.e. Melaleuca cajuputi, Syzygium myrtifolium, and Syzygium polyanthum planted in Yogyakarta and Sukabumi. The symptoms of infection were yellow-reddish spot in young leaves, presence of urediniospores in infected spot, foliage, and branch dieback. To confirm the presence of A. psidii on those trees, a molecular detection was performed using specific primer for A. psidii (Ppsi1/Ppsi6) on DNA samples extracted from diseased leaves. The presence of A. psidii was proved by the presence of DNA amplicon sized around 500bp in all samples collected from three different hosts. In this study, S. myrtifolium was firstly reported to be infected by this rust in Indonesia. Further study about the presence and the economic impact of this pathogen in Indonesia should be conducted. Indonesia has many species numbers of Myrtaceae and some species are important for medicines, herbs, foods, and as industrial plants. A strategy to control this pathogen should be established to avoid large economic losses in Myrtaceae plantations in Indonesia.
Prediction of erosion using the USLE method in the Malino Sub Watershed
Authors: Arsyad Usman , Soma Andang Suryana , Wahyuni  , Amalia Fahira Nurul , Nurdin Putri Fatimah
Published: November 2021

One of the problems that occur in the Sub DAS Malino is population growth. The increase in population in an area will increase demand to encourage the community to convert forest land into non-forest land, especially agricultural land. It has an impact on erosion and flooding during the rainy season. The amount of erosion that occurs can result in damage and a decrease in soil quality; therefore, it is necessary to predict erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method. This study aims to determine the level of erosion hazard in the Malino sub-watershed, Jeneberang watershed. The data used in this study include data on land cover, rainfall, soil, and slope. The results showed that Sub DAS Malino has high erosion on the open land cover with 800.02 ton/ha/year of 0.44% area of the Sub DAS Malino.
Impact of human and environmental interactions on flooding incident in the Jeneberang River South Sulawesi
Authors: Wahid St. Khadijah Munirah , Malalassam Daud , Barkey Roland A. , Baharuddin
Published: November 2021

Human interaction with the environment due to negative impacts. This can be seen, among others, in the interaction of the community with the environment in the Jeneberang watershed area, South Sulawesi Province, which has an impact in the form of flood events. This paper aims to determine the extent of the impact of human and environmental interactions on flooding in the area. The study was carried out through several studies and studies on human interactions and the natural environment in the Jeneberang watershed, literature studies, reviewing and concluding various journals, as well as collecting data through analysis of maps and secondary data from relevant agencies and primary data from the community as the main actors. The results of the study indicate that human interaction with the environment in the Jeneberang watershed has an impact in the form of flooding because the Jeneberang watershed management activities have not been optimally integrated, which are indicated by: 1. Watershed characteristics are not taken into account in infrastructure development. 2. There is still limited understanding of land-use communities about the characteristics of rainfall and surface runoff, as well as their relation to landslides and sedimentation, 3. The influence of mining activities on river flow narrowing and dam silting is not taken into account, and 4. The occurrence of vegetation degradation in downstream. In order to optimize flood control efforts in the Jeneberang river, it is necessary to carry out integrated management of the Jeneberang watershed by integrating all activities in all sectors. Planning for flood control and environmental conservation in general needs to really consider physical factors in the form of climate, hydrology, geology, tectonics, in addition to vegetation, management, technology, and socio-economic and cultural factors. Communities need to be motivated to continue trying to increase their income and welfare, accompanied by efforts to increase understanding and awareness of the importance of maintaining and preserving the environment, through diversifying livelihoods and utilizing natural resources and land that always prioritizes conservation aspects.
Policy analysis of customary forest governance in maintaining biodiversity in South Sulawesi
Authors: Sukarsih Sri Endang , Yusran  , Fisher Micah , Makkarennu
Published: November 2021

Indigenous forest governance in Indonesia has contributed to maintaining biodiversity. However, the policy or better known as local wisdom on governance, is not widely known. An in-depth study is needed to reveal customary forest governance, especially in South Sulawesi. This study aims to analyze customary forest governance policies in maintaining biodiversity. Data were collected through literature study, observation, and interviews in Bulukumba and Enrekang regencies, South Sulawesi province. The data that has been obtained were analyzed by descriptive method. As a result, indigenous peoples have policies or local wisdom on customary forest management in maintaining biodiversity. Local wisdom is in the form of customary law, which is still obeyed and implemented by indigenous peoples to this day.
Test the electrical content of singi fruit (Dillenia serrata Thunb.) as a source of electrical energy
Authors: Uslinawaty Zakiah , Rosmarlinasiah  , Pujirahayu Niken , Hadjar Nurhayati , Mirdawali La
Published: November 2021

One of the trees that has fruit with high acid content that has the potential to be used as an alternative energy source is the acid contained in Singi (Dillenia serrata Thunb.) fruit. Therefore, this study aims to test the ability of the singi fruit to turn on the LED lights and determine the value of voltage, current and electrical power in the fruit. This research was conducted at the Laboratory Ministry of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Halu Oleo University. In June-July 2019 using an experimental method for 5 days by measuring the acidity (pH) value of voltage, current and electric power. The results showed that the LED was on until the 5th day but the value of the electricity content tended to decrease, namely the first day with a power value of 7.533 watts and the fifth day 1.722 watts. While the acidity (pH) of the singi fruit which is decreasing over time affects the value of the electrical content contained in the solution of the singi fruit.
Kalappia celebica, an endemic wood from Sulawesi Island: Chemical composition and its resistance against white rot fungi Ganoderma tsugae and G. lucidium
Authors: Pujirahayu Niken , Arif Asrianti , Uslinawaty Zakiah , Ibrahim Nurhayati Hadjar , Bakara Waode Erniwati , Megawati  , Syahidah
Published: November 2021

Kalapi wood (Kalappia celebica kosterm) is endemic to Sulawesi Island and is a monotype species in the Fabaceae family with limited distribution. This study investigates the chemical composition and natural durability of Kalapi (K. celebica Kosterm) wood against white rot fungi Ganoderma tsugae and G. lucidium. This study was conducted based on the TAPPI standard for moisture analysis content, ASTM-D for extractive content, holocelluloce, and lignin, and method Cross and Bevan for cellulose. Durability observation was conducted in 12 weeks by assessing the percentage damage of wood samples caused by the fungi according to SNI standards 01-7207-2014. Results show that K. celebica has holocelullose, cellulose, and extractives at a high level, lignin was moderate, and had low hemicellulose. The results of testing the durability of wood shown that K. celebica has resistance to G. tsugae attack (class II) but is not resistant to G. lucidium (class IV), with an average weight loss of 3.14 % and 18.82 %, respectively.
Heritability of quantitative characters of local black rice (Oryza sativa L.) results of generation F3
Authors: S Sutriana , Riadi Muh , Haring Feranita
Published: November 2021

Local Black rice is a food crop variety that has a low productivity level and a longer planting time than other colored rice. In addition, black rice contains anthocyanins, which are antioxidant molecules that can counteract free radicals in the human body. Anthocyanin levels can be increased by producing full black potential lines. Effective and efficient selection with heritability analysis. This study aims to determine the heritability of the agronomic character of black rice from the F3 generation line. The study was conducted in the Manipi Sinjai rice field in February – August 2020. The experiment used was a completely randomized design, there were 17 lines with 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed by means of variance, and if there was a significant effect of treatment, further tests were carried out with the BNT 0.05 test. In addition, the heritability of the observed characters was determined. The results showed that the character of plant height in the flowering phase, days to 50% flowering, and the percentage of grain with full black endosperm had heritability values with high criteria.
Shoot initiation for Macadamia integrifolia explant with tissue culture technique
Authors: A’ida N , Wilda  , Larekeng S H , Iswanto I , Arsyad M A
Published: November 2021

Macadamia nuts are grown in subtropical and tropical regions and endemic species in Greenland that can be commercially developed in Indonesia. Macadamia’s generative propagation tends to have problems in its seed stock. It often experiences obstacles in field seed stock, and the production requires a long time because it has a thick shell (pericarp). Macadamia initiation needs technology to prevent extinction. One of the propagation is through the technique culture in vitro. This research was conducted to determine the initial response of basic media and to know the response of Macadamia growth in vitro. This research used five media which are Media 1 (DKW with BAP 0.1 ppm, kinetin 0.1ppm), Media 2 (WPM with BAP 1 ppm), media 3 (DKW), media 4 (MS), media 5 (MS with BAP 0.5 ppm). The results showed that media 1 and 3 (DKW media) had a good response for leaf and shoot growth in macadamia explants.
Taxonomic composition and proteolytic potential in the microbial mat of the Uro hot spring (the Baikal rift zone)
Authors: Lavrentyeva E V , Banzaraktsaeva T G , Dambaev V B , Radnagurueva A A , Kozyreva L P
Published: November 2021

We studied the taxonomic diversity of microbial mat in the Uro hot spring (the Baikal rift zone, BRZ) with temperatures of 62°C (Ur-3) and 56°C (Ur-4). According to the results of high-throughput sequencing, the composition of the community is represented by various phylogenetic groups Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes involved in different stages of organic matter production and degradation in microbial mats. According to metagenomic analysis, there is a wide variety of natural peptidases, enhancing the potential of their specialised functions of energy and substance conversion in microbial mats.
Dependence of floodplain birds’ dynamics on the spring flood height and duration in the middle Ob River
Authors: Ananin A A , Aiurzanaeva I A
Published: November 2021

Inter-annual variations in the total number of birds in floodplains of rivers are mainly associated with their flooding. The minimum population density during the nesting period was in a year with high and prolonged spring floods. The restoration and maximum development of shrubs took place with a significant simultaneous increase in the abundance of birds in subsequent years. Drying and simplification of vegetation cover were noted in all floodplain bird habitats during low-water periods. This process was accompanied by a decline in the number of birds. We identified four groups of bird species according to the criterion of the relationship “abundance – level and duration of the flood”. In the first group of bird species, abundance increased during high floods (3 species). In the second group, the abundance decreased sharply during high and prolonged floods (7 species). In the third group, the level and duration of the spring flood did not affect the abundance (9 species). In the fourth group, a very weak tendency of the negative flood level impact on the abundance of birds was noted (6 species).
Long-term dynamics of aquatic vegetation and the state of ecosystems of soda lakes in southeastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Bazarova B B , Kuklin A P , Borzenko S V
Published: November 2021

The cyclical nature of long-term changes in the annual amounts of atmospheric precipitation in Transbaikalia controls most of the processes in ecosystems. The paper briefly describes the long-term vegetation dynamics of soda lakes in the southeast of Transbaikal territory. These dynamics are driven by changes in abiotic parameters of the lakes, mainly water salinity and pH values. When the values of these indicators increase, the perennial succession series of vegetation of higher plants is as following: Helophytes + Neustophytes + Hydatophytes → Helophytes + Hydatophytes → Helophytes. The succession series of macrophytic algae is as following: Stigeoclonium sp. or Spirogyra sp. → Cladophora fracta + Charophyta → Enteromorpha intestinalis.
The perspectives for DNA barcoding of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin using rbcL gene sequence
Authors: Protopopova M V , Shvetsova N A , Pavlichenko V V
Published: November 2021

The methods of biological species identification using nucleotide sequences of short genome regions (DNA barcoding) are actively developed. The universal DNA barcode for plants remains to be discovered, and one of the leading candidates is the plastid gene of the large subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL). In our study, we estimated the part of rbcL gene as a possible marker for molecular identification of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. Due to its officinal properties, the species is susceptible to uncontrolled and illegal harvesting from natural populations. Today, the species needs to be protected and therefore is included into the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and certain regions. The study was carried out using plants from the natural populations sampled from the Khamar-Daban Ridge (South Siberia) and considering now as Rh. carthamoides var. chamarense (Peschkova) O S Zhirova. It was shown that rbcL gene can be used to identify Rh. carthamoides at least from the populations of the Khamar-Daban Ridge using a fragment of the maximum length or its 3’ region. Apparently, the 5’ region of the gene (rbcLa) most often used as DNA barcode for plants may be of lesser importance for Rh. carthamoides. The rbcL gene sequences can be also used for the development of approaches for Rh. carthamoides identification in the medicinal preparations and products containing dried tissues to prevent their falsification and illegal harvesting of this species. The combination of rbcL gene with additional markers seems to be highly desirable to create effective DNA barcodes for Rhaponticum species.