bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Rainfall and Runoff Through Satellite Soil Moisture Data and SWAT Modelling for a Poorly Gauged Basin in Iran
Authors: Fereidoon Majid , Koch Manfred , Brocca Luca
Published: January 2019

Hydrological models have been widely used for many purposes in water sector projects, including streamflow prediction and flood risk assessment. Among the input data used in such hydrological models, the spatial-temporal variability of rainfall datasets has a significant role on the final discharge estimation. Therefore, accurate measurements of rainfall are vital. On the other hand, ground-based measurement networks, mainly in developing countries, are either nonexistent or too sparse to capture rainfall accurately. In addition to in-situ rainfall datasets, satellite-derived rainfall products are nowadays available globally with high spatial and temporal resolution. An innovative approach called SM2RAIN that estimates rainfall from soil moisture data has been applied successfully to various regions. In this study, firstly soil moisture content derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth observing system (AMSR-E) is used as input into the SM2RAIN algorithm to estimate daily rainfall, SM2R-AMSRE, at different sites in the Karkheh river basin (KRB), southwest Iran. Secondly, the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model is applied to simulate runoff using both ground-based observed rainfall and SM2R-AMSRE rainfall as input. The results reveal that the SM2R-AMSRE rainfall data are, in most cases, in good agreement with ground-based rainfall, with correlations R ranging between 0.58 and 0.88, though there is some underestimation of the observed rainfall, due to soil moisture saturation, not accounted for in the SM2RAIN equation. The subsequent SM2R-AMSRE- SWAT- simulated monthly runoff reproduces well the observations at the 6 gauging stations (with coefficient of determination, R² > 0.72), though with slightly worse performances in terms of bias (Bias) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) and, again, some systematic flow underestimation than the SWAT model with ground-based rainfall input. Furthermore, rainfall estimations of two satellite products of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), 3B42 and 3B42RT, are used in the calibrated SWAT- model. The monthly runoff obtained with 3B42- rainfall have 0.39< R2 < 0.70 and are slightly better than those obtained with 3B42RT- rainfall, but not as good as the SM2R-AMSRE- SWAT- simulated runoff above. Therefore, in spite of the afore-mentioned limitations, using SM2R-AMSRE rainfall data in a hydrological model like SWAT, appears to be a viable approach in basins with limited ground-based rainfall data.
Antihypertensive Efficacy of Fixed Combination of Amlodipine and Ramipril in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Very High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Korennova O. Yu. , Podolnaya S. P. , Prihodko E. P. , Turusheva E. A. , Starinskaya S. N. , Вratishko I. A. , Druk I. V.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of amlodipine and ramipril in hypertensive patients with very high cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study of real clinical practice of prescribing antihypertensive drugs according to 255 medical records of outpatient hypertensive patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and coronary artery stenting was performed in the first part. An open observational study was performed in the second part. 69 people older than 18 years with a history of ACS and coronary artery stenting, without reaching the target blood pressure (BP) level while using free combinations of antihypertensive drugs and with indications for a fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine were included into the study. Analysis of self-monitoring of BP, office BP, daily BP monitoring (ABPM) and patients’ adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green test) initially, after 4 and after 12 weeks of taking the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine was performed to assess the clinical efficacy of the studied drug. Results. It was found that 42.0% of patients did not follow the recommendations for regular intake of antihypertensive drugs. So, hypertension of all patients regarded as false-refractory, which was the basis for the prescription of the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine in accordance with clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. After 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant decrease in office BP with the achievement and preservation of the target level by the 12th week, normalization to the 12th week of day and night BP variability in 54.9% of patients. 78.0% of patients followed medical recommendations for regular administration of antihypertensive drugs, none of the patients had adverse events. Conclusion. The use of fixed combinations of drugs, in particular, amlodipine and ramipril as a part of multicomponent therapy in hypertensive patients with very high cardiovascular risk, led to the achievement of target BP by the 4th week of therapy and stable preservation of antihypertensive effect in 12 weeks of treatment as well as gradual normalization of day and night BP variability in more than half of patients. Fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine allowed to improve adherence of patients to cardiovascular diseases.
Effectiveness of Chrono-Pharmacotherapy Depending on the Salt Sensitivity of Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Skibitskiy V. V. , Kiselev A. A. , Fendrikova A. V.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To study the effect of two regimens of combined antihypertensive therapy during the day on daily monitoring of arterial pressure, central aortic pressure, and arterial stiffness, depending on the salt sensitivity of hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Material and methods. 130 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included into the study. They were divided into 2 subgroups: salt-sensitive (group 1) and salt-resistant (group 2), and then randomized to subgroups A and B of ongoing therapy: in the morning ramipril and indapamide retard, bedtime – amlodipine (subgroup 1A and 2A); or in the morning amlodipine and indapamide retard, bedtime – ramipril (subgroup 1B and 2B). Initially and after 24 weeks of antihypertensive therapy, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring was performed, the indices of central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness were determined. Results. After 24 weeks, in all subgroups, there was a significant positive dynamics of the parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness indices. In the subgroup 1В, it was registered a significant improvement in the majority of parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (decrease in 24-hours systolic BP by 24.4%, 24-hours diastolic BP by 22.1%; p<0.05), central aortic pressure (decrease in aortal systolic BP by 15.9%, aortal diastolic BP by 20.8%; p<0.05) and vascular wall stiffness parameters (decrease in pulse wave velocity by 13.8%; p<0.05) in comparison with group 1A (decrease in 24-hours systolic BP by 17.5%, 24-hours diastolic BP by 14.6%, aortal systolic BP by 12.7%, aortal diastolic BP by 9.7%, pulse wave velocity by 9.2%; p<0.05 in comparison with the group 1B). In the case of salt-resistant patients, there were comparable positive changes in the parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness indices against the background of both dosing regimens during the day. Conclusion. In the study, it was demonstrated the more pronounced antihypertensive and vasoprotective efficacy of the combination of thiazide-like diuretic with calcium channel blocker in the morning and ACE inhibitor in bedtime compared to the alternative regimen of prescribed pharmacotherapy in salt-sensitive patients, and comparable efficacy of both regimens in salt-resistant hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Anticoagulant Therapy in “Fragile” Elderly Patients: Current State of the Problem
Authors: Vorobyeva N. M. , Tkacheva O. N.
Published: January 2019

The review focuses on the use of oral anticoagulants in fragile elderly patients. The issues of prevalence and diagnosis of senile asthenia syndrome or “fragility”, as well as its effects on the risks of thrombosis, bleeding and death, are discussed. The evidence base, which is quite limited, for the participation of fragile elderly patients in randomized controlled trials and real clinical practice trials with direct oral anticoagulants is presented. Nevertheless, one of the studies of real clinical practice showed that only therapy with rivaroxaban (out of three direct oral anticoagulants) compared with warfarin reduced the risk of stroke/systemic embolism and ischemic stroke alone in fragile elderly patients with atrial fibrillation after 2 years of observation.
Correction of Hypercholesterolemia in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Features and Controversial Issues
Authors: Akhmedzhanov N. M. , Nebieridze D. V. , Safaryan A. S.
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the current prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in everyday clinical practice in patients of different risk categories and approaches to its correction in the most frequently used clinical guidelines. High prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in practical health care with little change over time is shown. The existing problems of the practical implementation of the principles of a healthy lifestyle as the basis for reducing cardiovascular risk and possible solutions are described. Attention is focused on a low number of patients taking statins, and even less – reaching recommended target cholesterol levels. It is emphasized the validity of lower, compared to previous, target cholesterol levels in National recommendations on the correction of dyslipidemia in patients with proven atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases as well as the feasibility in some cases of combined lipidlowering therapy (statins in combination with intestinal cholesterol absorption blockers, PCSK9 inhibitors, high doses of ethyl eicosopentaenoic acid). It is commented the need to prescribe statins in persons older than 75 years, but with a careful approach. Particular attention is paid to the use of statins in the primary prevention of cardiovascular complications. The validity of prescribing fixed moderate doses of statins for this purpose is discussed, which is both scientifically based and more realistic in practical terms.
Application of intravenous lidocaine in patients undergoing operative hysteroscopy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study
Authors: Wang Huaxin , Peng Xuan , Xiao Yeda , Zhao Bo , Zhan Liying
Published: January 2019

Background: The role of intraoperative intravenous lidocaine infusion has been previously evaluated for pain relief, inflammatory response, and post-operative recovery, including in endoscopic surgery. The present study is a randomized double-blinded trial in which we evaluated whether intravenous lidocaine infusion would reduce postoperative pain, propofol requirement and remifentanil consumption in patients undergoing hysteroscopy surgery.
Methods: Eighty-five patients scheduled to undergo elective operative hysteroscopy surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into two groups. Group L included patients who received an intravenous lidocaine bolus 1.5mg/kg over 3 min followed by a continuous infusion at the rate of 2 mg/kg/h until surgery completed, and Group C received 0.9% normal saline solution at an equivalent rate. The depth of anesthesia was monitored using the Narcotrend, which was based on measurement of the patient’s cerebral electrical activity. Primary outcome of the study was postoperative hypogastric pain evaluating by visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include propofol requirement and remifentanil requirement.
Results: VAS score of Group L was significantly lower than Group C at postoperative 0.5 h, 4 h, respectively (P < 0.05), while no obvious difference was found at postoperative 24 h. There was no difference between groups in propofol requirement, but Group L required less dosage of remifentanil than Group C (P < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of throat pain was significantly lower in Group L. No adverse events associated with lidocaine was discovered.
Conclusions: Administration of intravenous lidocaine infusion as an adjuvant alleviated short-term postoperative hypogastric pain and throat pain, and reduced remifentanil requirement in patients undergoing operative hysteroscopy surgery.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (chictr.org.cn) with registration number ChiCTR1800016857.
Keywords: Lidocaine, hysteroscopic surgery, remifentanil, propofol
THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT ON FIRM PERFORMANCE IN VIETNAM: NEW EVIDENCE FROM A DYNAMIC APPROACH
Authors: Hoai Thu Thi Nguyen  , Huong Vu Van  , Francesca Bartolacci  , Tuyen Quang Tran
Published: January 2019

Using a sample of private manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the period 2007–2015, this paper examines the effect of government support on firms’ financial performance in Vietnam. Contrary to many previous studies, the study finds that government assistance affects firms’ financial performance after controlling for heterogeneity, unobservable factors, and dynamic endogeneity. The finding supports the viewpoint of institutional theory. The study also reveals that assistance measures, such as tax exemptions, soft loans, and investment incentives to promote financial performance, are vital for the development of Vietnamese private SMEs.
PCB Dairesel Yama Anten Tabanlı Etanol ve Metanol Algılayıcı Tasarımı
Authors: AKGÖL Oğuzhan
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada, PCB (Printed Circuit Board - Baskı Devre) dairesel mikroşerit anten kullanılarak etanol+su ve metanol+su karışımlarının miktarlarını algılayabilecek bir algılayıcı tasarlanmıştır. Antenin alt zemini üzerinde tam merkezde açılan dairesel bir boşluk ile birlikte sistemin 3 GHz frekansında çalışabilmesi için optimizasyon yapılmış ve bunun sonucunda geometrik değerler elde edilmiştir. Analizler gerçekleştirilirken dairesel boşluğa, alt iletken yapıya temas etmeden sıvı karışım numunesinin yerleştirilmesi sağlanmış ve rezonans frekansının değişiminin test altındaki numunelerin karışım yüzdeleriyle ilişkisi ortaya konmuştur. Rezonans frekansı etanol su karışımı için 44 MHz’lik bir algılama bandı sunmakta ve bu aralık metanol su karışımı için yaklaşık 38 MHz civarında olmaktadır. Rezonans frekanslarında oluşan değişimler doğrusala çok yakın olup, hem etanol hem de metanol karışımlarının yüzdelerini çok yüksek hassasiyetle ve gerçek zamanlı olarak belirlemeye imkan sağlamaktadır. Tasarlanan anten ve algılayıcı yapı hem düşük profile, düşük maliyete sahip olup hem de yüksek hassasiyetli ve eş zamanlı ölçüm kapasitesine sahiptir.
Self-Reported Empathy among Nursing Students at a University in Jordan
Authors: Altwalbeh Diala , Khamaiseh Abdullah Mousa , Algaralleh Abdulnaser
Published: January 2019

Background:

Empathy is recognized as a highly valued professional characteristic in the nurse-patient relationship. Undergraduate nursing students are taught the importance of empathic relationships. Studies have been undertaken to explore the concept of empathy among nursing students, but there have been no investigations in Jordan or in the Arab world.

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to assess the level of self-reported empathy in undergraduate nursing students at Mutah University.

Research Design:

A cross-sectional study was undertaken using a paper-based version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. A convenience sample of 202 students was recruited from first, second, third and fourth year.

Results:

The mean score was 92.9, lower than scores reported in other studies. Results showed that female students’ empathy scores were significantly higher than male students, and there was a significant increase in empathy scores by study year.

Conclusion:

There is an urgent need for reforming the nursing curriculum with a focus on empathy skills.
Incidence Of Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections In Intensive Care Units In A Private Hospital (Cairo, Egypt)
Authors: Malek Amira M. , Abouseif Hasnaa A. , Abd Elaziz Khaled M. , Allam Mohamed F. , Fahim Hoda I.
Published: January 2019

Objective:

The study aimed to measure the incidence, risk factors and most frequent causative organisms of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLA-BSI) in the Medical/Coronary and Surgical Intensive Care Units (ICUs) at a private hospital.

Methods:

This prospective study included 499 patients and was conducted between April 2014 and September 2014 in the Medical/Coronary ICU and Surgical ICU of a private hospital in Cairo, Egypt.

Results:

Approximately 44% of all the patients admitted to the ICUs underwent Central Venous Catheter (CVC) insertion. The overall incidence density rate of CLA-BSI was 6 cases per 1000 central line-days. The central line utilization rate was 0.94 per 1000 patient-days. The mortality rate among cases with CLA-BSI was 16.8% (95% CI: 13.6% – 20.4%) during the study period. Risk factors for CLA-BSI were detected by univariate analysis and included associated co-morbidities such as heart failure, APACHE II scores of >15, an ICU stay of 5 days or more, duration of CVC placement, subclavian insertion of CVCs, and mechanical ventilation. Additionally, logistic regression analysis identified a long ICU stay of 5 days or more, mechanical ventilation and the presence of heart failure as the only significant predictors. Gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacter (36.8%: 95% CI: 16.3%– 61.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.1%: 95% CI: 16.0% - 45.5%) were the predominant organisms detected in CLA-BSI cases.

Conclusion:

CLA-BSI is an important cause of mortality in ICU patients. The infection rate is considerably higher than that in recent studies from developed counties, but it is still lower than the rates reported in comparable published studies in Egypt. Strict adherence to the standard infection prevention practices for critically ill patients is highly recommended.
FACTOR	ANALYSIS	OF	HYPOGLICEMIA	LEVEL	IN	EMERGENCY	DEPARTMENT	OF BLAMBANGAN	AND	GENTENG	GENERAL	HOSPITAL	BANYUWANGI
Authors: Amin Yusron , Ahsan Ahsan , Suharsono Tony
Published: January 2019

Hipoglycemia was a kind of acute complication of diabetes mellitus. Some factors was assumed associated with degree of hypoglycemia were infection, antidiabetic therapy, and leak of meal intake. This study was to analyse factors associated with degree of hypoglycemia in emergency department. Design was descriptive explorative with retrospective approach. Sum of respondents was 118 medical records. This study was conducted in medical record room in Blambangan hospital and Genteng Hospital from 5 June 2017 to 16 June 2017. Methods of data collection was purposive sampling. The results showed hypoglycemia was happened in majority of infection, using of unappropriate antidiabetic therapy and leak of meal intake. Infection factorsÂ  (p=0,000; r=0,494), using of antidiabetic therapy (p=0,000; r=0,411), and leak of meal intake (p=0,000; r=0,619) had correlation with degree of hypoglycemia. Leak of meal intake factors (p=0,000; wald=27.897) had strongly correlation with degree of hypoglycemia. Health workers especially nurses was encouraged to conduct the intervention due to patientâ€™s self control, so that regulation of meal and antidiabetic therapy could work effectively.
POST	AMPUTATION	RESPONSE	AND	COPING	OF	DIABETES	MELLITUS	PATIENT IN	ULIN	GENERAL	HOSPITAL	BANJARMASIN
Authors: Negara Candra Kusuma
Published: January 2019

Â DM disease is a health problem that is very important because it is associated with a high incidence of complications and high mortality. For most people the disease diabetes mellitus is a disease that is very worrying and the public aware of the magnitude of the potential dangers caused. For individuals who suffer from diabetes mellitus with post-amputation, the next life is a new round of challenges and changes, and will go through the process of coping with the change process. The Â aim of this study was to explore various diabetic patients post-amputation responses and coping experienced. This study used a qualitative phenomenological study. Retrieving data using in depth interview in four participants were treated at Diabetic Foot Polyclinic Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin equipped with a guidance interview and informed consent. The analytical method structure from Creswell into 6 steps. There are 2 theme depicting various responses post-amputation andÂ Â  depicting various coping DM patients post-amputation. Sub-Theme in depicting various responses post-amputation namely: (1) Experiencing physical barriers, (2) Experiencing the changing role, (3) Experiencing the grieving process, and are 4 Sub-theme depicting various coping DM patients post-amputation namely: (1) More worship, (2) Accept the circumstances, (3) A strong Motivation, (4) social support.
THE	RELATIONSHIP	BETWEEN	MOTHER	ROLE	OF	MEET	THE	ORAL	HYGIENE AND	DENTAL	CARIES	IN	PRESCHOOL	CHILD	IN	KINDERGARTEN KUSUMA	MULIA	XVIII	SUMBERBENDO	PARE	KEDIRI
Authors: Ludyanti Laviana Nita , Widiyanto Ari
Published: January 2019

The mother's role in the meet of oral hygiene is very important to reduce the occurrence of dental caries in preschools children. Preschoolers has low personals hygiene and still in the developmental process. The aimed of this research was to determine the context of the mother's role in the meet of oral hygiene with the incidence of dental caries in preschools children 4 - 6 years old at kindergarten of Kusuma Mulia XVIII Sumberbendo Pare Kediri. The research methods used correlational design with a retrospective approach. Purposive sampling was used to obtain 26 samples of mothers who eligible as inclusion criteria. Measuring tool used a questionnaire to the mother's role in the meet of oral hygiene and observation for occurrence of dental caries in preschool children, then its analyzed by spearman rho. The result of the research showed that (76, 9%) mothers has role in the meet of oral hygiene that was in sufficient category. Whereas (80, 8%) the children had medium category. The results after the calculation using the Spearman rho test indicated for correlation coefisien = -0,515 and p value = 0,007 that means the associationÂ  between mother's role in the meet of oral hygiene with the incidence of dental caries in preschools children. Reducing the incidence of dental caries is not only depend on the mother's role toward meet of oral hygiene, but also to the other factors such as food, micro-organisms, bad habits of the children in keeping oral dental hygiene and mouth, tooth brushing pattern, the shape of the teeth, and history of children's milk when as a baby which causes the dental caries.
Toward Detecting Unnecessary Radiology Tests: Identifying Positive Findings through Text Classification of Chinese Radiology Reports (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Mingyu , Gu Gen , Jian Zhe , Xu Xiaohong , Du Bei , Lei Jianbo , Zhang Shaodian , Ma Handong , Wang Fei , Liang Lizhong
Published: January 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Background: Identifying potentially unnecessary radiology tests in medical practice is an important but difficult task for the sake of quality and cost control. In China, payers and regulators sometimes rely on one indicator, the proportion of tests that identify positive findings, to detect clues that may indicate unnecessary tests. This paper aims to develop a tool based on deep neural networks to automatically identify positive findings from Chinese radiology reports. We use the tool to calculate positive rate within sets of ultrasound tests administered by clinicians and explore the potential of exploiting the tool to collect evidence toward identifying unnecessary radiology tests.
Methods: Our proposed method is based on a supervised learning framework and trained on manually annotated ultrasound reports from one general hospital and one children’s hospital in China. Convolutional neural networks (CNN), support vector machine (SVM) and rule-based patterns were leveraged to classify the reports as either positive or negative. Then we applied the best classifier to a data set which consists of all ultrasound reports in one year for subsequent analyses, stratified by types of ultrasound.
Results: The performance of CNN (F-score 0.989) outperforms SVM, rule-based methods, as well as single-human annotation. Cross-hospital experiments were also conducted to demonstrate the generalizability of the methods. When applied to an un-annotated dataset, CNN shows significant variance of the positive rate for different types of ultrasound reports.
Conclusions: Machine learning methods are effective for automatically identifying positive findings from radiology reports, which can facilitate the process of evidence collection for detecting unnecessary radiology tests.
El desafío de la implementación de políticas públicas participativas para el desarrollo del territorio
Authors: Guardamagna Melina , Reyes Malena
Published: January 2019

En la actualidad, la participación ciudadana se ha transformado en una estrategia imprescindible para la legitimación de políticas públicas. Sin embargo, la retórica en torno a la participación no necesariamente supone la implementación de instancias realmente democráticas de involucramiento de la ciudadanía. Se analiza la política de ordenamiento territorial en Mendoza, Argentina, donde la participación ciudadana ha sido instrumentada de forma heterogénea desde el 2006 a la actualidad. Si bien, en lo formal se han cumplido los mecanismos previstos, se evidencia que los aportes ciudadanos no han tenido una incidencia sustancial en el desarrollo de la política.
Perbandingan Properti Psikometris Skala Kesehatan Mental (SKM) antara Metode Administrasi Paper-and-Pencil dan Web-Based
Authors: Prasasto Mikael Reno , Widhiarso Wahyu
Published: January 2019

Advancements on information technology had helped scientific development.For example, now we could present a test using computers rather than using printedpapers. This research compares the differences between the psychometric properties of apaper-and-pencil test (PPT) and web-based test (WBT). This research used Skala KesehatanMental (SKM) which was given to 544 junior and senior high-school grade school. Thescale has 32 items and administered with either paper or on a website. The result showedthat each method has a different but not significant psychometric properties. Compared toPPT, WBT was able to deliver fewer cases of outliers and higher item-total correlation.Reliability coefficient on both method were satisfying and able to stay unidimensional onfactor analysis. Item endorsability does not appear to have significant differences. Moreresearch on this topic is needed to further examine the effect between each method on testresults.
An Overview of Indonesia’s Maritime Strategy
Authors: Suseto Buddy , Othman Zarina , Mohd Razalli Farizal Bin
Published: January 2019

As one of the consent maritime on earth, Indonesia has no maritime strategy. Maritime strategy is important not only to protect state’s maritime pathway, but also as part of a national strategy. This article is designed to provide an understanding way for the Indonesian readers to urgently prepare and design a maritime strategy. It is argued that a maritime strategy for Indonesia is needed because of the changing landscape of the international threat such maritime security nontraditional issues. It affects the international trade through the Malacca Strait, Sunda Strait, and Lombok Strait. Data for the articles have been collected from secondary reliable sources. The Early finding of the study suggests that Indonesia needs to shape a maritime strategy to reduce threats at sea and guarantee the security most importantly in the archipelagic sea-lanes (ASL) as an international route. In conclusion, a brief overview of the study indicates that Indonesia urgency needs to establish a maritime strategy.
Well Water Site Selection at Local Scale Using Geographical Information System for Flood Victim in Malaysia
Authors: See Koh Liew , Nasir Nayan , Yazid Saleh , Mohmadisa Hashim , Hanifah Mahat , Zullyadini A. Rahaman
Published: January 2019

Clean water supply is a major problem among flood victims during flood events. This article aims to determine the sites of well water sources that can be utilised during floods in the District of Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Field methods and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were applied in the process of selecting flood victim evacuation centres and wells. The data used were spatial data obtained primarily, namely the well data, evacuation centre data and flood area data. The well and evacuation centre data were obtained by field methods conducted to determine the position of wells using global positioning system tools, and the same for the location of the evacuation centres. Information related to evacuation centres was obtained secondarily from multiple agencies and gathered into GIS as an evacuation centre attribute. The flood area data was also obtained via secondary data and was digitised using the ArcGIS software. The data processing was divided into two stages, namely the first stage of determining the flood victim evacuation centres to be used in this research in a structural manner based on two main criteria which were the extent to which an evacuation centre was affected by the flood and the highest capacity of victims for each district with the greatest impact to the flood affected population. The second stage was to determine the location of wells based on three criteria, namely i) not affected by flood, ii) the closest distance to the selected flood victim evacuation centre and iii) located at different locations. Among the main GIS analyses used were locational analysis, overlay analysis, and proximity analysis. The results showed that four (4) flood evacuation centres had been chosen and matched the criteria set, namely SMK Sultan Yahya Petra 2, SMK Manek Urai Lama, SMK Laloh and SK Kuala Gris. While six (6) wells had been selected as water sources that could be consumed by the flood victims at 4 evacuation centres in helping to provide clean water supply, namely Kg. Keroh 16 (T1), Kg. Batu Mengkebang 10 (T2), Lepan Meranti (T3), Kg. Budi (T4), Kg. Jelawang Tengah 2 (T5) and Kg. Durian Hijau 1 (T6). With the presence of the well water sources that can be used during flood events, clean water supply can be distributed to flood victims at the evacuation centres. Indirectly, this research can reduce the impact of floods in the future, especially in terms of clean water supply even during the hit of a major flood.
Exploring Spectral Index Band and Vegetation Indices for Estimating Vegetation Area
Authors: Hidayati Iswari Nur , Suharyadi R. , Danoedoro Projo
Published: January 2019

Visual analysis and transformation of vegetation indices have been widely applied in studies of vegetation density using remote sensing data. However, visual analysis is time intensive compared to index transformation. On the other hand, the index transformation from medium resolution imagery is not fully representative for urban vegetation studies. Meanwhile, the spectral range of high-resolution imagery is usually limited to visible wavelengths for the image transformation. Worldview-2 imagery provides a new breakthrough with a high spatial resolution and supports various spectral resolutions. This study aims to explore the spectral value of the Worldview-2 image index for estimation of vegetation density. Normalized indices were made for 56 band combinations and Otsu thresholding was implemented for the threshold selection to separate vegetation and non-vegetation areas. This thresholding was done by minimizing classes’ variances between two groups of pixels which are distinguished by system or classification. The image binarization process was performed to differentiate between vegetation and non-vegetation. For the accuracy testing, a total of 250 samples was produced by a stratified random sampling method. Our results show that the combination of indices from red channel, red-edge, NIR-1, and NIR-2 provides the best accuracy for semantic accuracy. Vegetation area extracted from the index was then compared with the results of the visual analysis. Although the index results in area difference of 2.32 m2 compared to visual analysis, the combination of NIR-2 and red bands can give an accuracy of 96.29 %.
Variation in prostate surgery costs and outcomes in the USA: robot-assisted versus open radical prostatectomy
Authors: Mukherjee Kumar , Kamal Khalid M
Published: January 2019

Aim:
To compare perioperative complications, inpatient cost and length of stay between robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and open radical prostatectomy (ORP) using National Inpatient Sample data from 2010 to 2015.
Patients & methods:
A total of 69,009 records with RARP or ORP were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and generalized linear models.
Results:
The RARP had superior perioperative outcomes at a higher cost (adjusted mean difference = 2956; 95% CI: $2822–$3090) and shorter length of stay (mean difference = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81–0.89) compared with ORP. Mean cost of RARP was lowest in urban teaching, private invest-own, high volume and northeast region hospitals and highest for black men.
Conclusion
: Compared with ORP, RARP had significantly better perioperative outcomes at a higher cost.
Trasferencia tecnológica al sector productivo: Importancia de las patentes en el desarrollo social
Authors: Ramírez Juidías Emilio
Published: January 2019

Desde principios del siglo XXI, a consecuencia del cambio de enfoque de la economía internacional, la sociedad demanda una mayor y mejor transferencia de conocimiento, habida cuenta de la importancia de este proceso colaborativo en el desarrollo económico, social y cultural de un país. Con el fin de promover un acercamiento entre los mundos académico y profesional, en el presente trabajo se discutirán una serie de casos prácticos reales en los que los procesos de transferencia de conocimiento, relacionados con las necesidades sociales y demandados por diferentes sectores de actividad, serán discutidos de manera amena para el lector en función de los parámetros imperantes (estatus socio-económico y educación, principalmente) en el eje fundamental de desarrollo cultural de cualquier país. Los resultados que se presentan no son más que una manera de dar a conocer las diferentes formas existentes de realizar el proceso de transferencia al sector productivo en donde la participación del académico es de enorme importancia. En lo referente a la discusión de aquellos, se abordan las diferentes vías institucionales capaces de generar un verdadero acercamiento social, de motivar la curiosidad y el dinamismo intelectual en los diferentes estratos sociales. Como conclusión se expone, de manera general, la importancia de la divulgación científica, así como su correcta evaluación desde las instituciones de acreditación, con el fin de atraer al investigador hacia la sociedad.
Lewisian analysis of objective probability: An origin of the undermining futures
Authors: Filipovic Nenad
Published: January 2019

David Lewis? interpretation of objective probability has two essential parts:
Humean supervenience and Best system of laws. According to his
interpretation, probabilities, along with the other nomic phenomena,
supervene on the actual facts. Lewis also famously formulated the Principal
Principle, which should show the connection between objective and subjective
probabilities. However, years later, Hall, Thau and Lewis himself came to
conclusion that the principle and Lewis? interpretation of probability are
not compatible. The main reason for that is the problem of so called
undermining futures: Lewis named the problem ?Big Bad Bug?. A popular way to
solve the problem was to change the principal principle. In this article, I
will argue that the origin of the problem is not compatibility of the
principle and Lewis?s interpretation of probability, but that the problem is
in the interpretation itself. Changing the principle, I argue, will not
conclusively solve the problem.
Merleau-Ponty: Language, sense, being
Authors: Eric Milomir
Published: January 2019

In this study, the author deals with the analysis of the way in which the
problem of the sense of language is set and solved in the phenomenological
philosophy of M. Merleau-Ponty. At the beginning of the text, there is a
link between the linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure?s and Merleau-Ponty?s
understanding of language. Then the attention is drawn to the understanding
of language within the philosophy of existence, the problem of the relation
between a mark and the marked, language and a painting, literature and
painting. The final considerations are devoted to Merleau-Ponty?s attempt to
establish an indirect ontology in the unfinished work The Visible and the
Invisible, a new understanding of the relation between flesh and language,
the problem of logos, the problem of the relation of the perceptual and
linguistic meaning.
Andric and Austrian philosophy
Authors: Prelevic Dusko
Published: January 2019

Philosophy occupied an important place in Ivo Andric?s higher education. In
Vienna 1913, Andric took undergraduate courses in philosophy that were taught
by Wilhelm Jerusalem, Oscar Ewald and Josef Clemens Kreibig, while on his PhD
studies he passed the exam in philosophy with Hugo Spitzer, one of the rare
neo-Kantians in Austria-Hungary at that time. Austrian philosophy (this
phrase covers Austro-Hungarian philosophers who worked outside the boundaries
of our-day Austria) is an interesting phenomenon because, among other things,
Austria is relatively young philosophical nation that gave, within less than
one century (from 1840s to 1930s), many famous philosophers of whom some were
also famous scientists. There are some attempts of finding out what all
Austrian philosophers have in common, and, according to the so-called the
Neurath-Haller thesis, the hallmark of Austrian philosophy is accepting the
scientific world-view, using language analysis in addressing philosophical
issues, appraising psychology and endorsing empiricism that presupposes
rejecting speculative metaphysics. It is worth stressing that although they
wrote in the same language, many prominent Austrian philosophers explicitly
wanted to distance themselves from classical German idealism (and very often
from Kantian transcendental idealism) both with regards to form (the style of
writing) and content (the ideas they defended). The author examines to what
extent the philosophical education gained in Vienna and Graz influenced
Andric?s work and argues that his thought contains elements characteristic
for the main features of Austrian philosophy mentioned above.
Computational Investigation of Turbulent Flow Development in 180° Channel with Circular Cross Section
Authors: Hossain Md. Safayet , Hossain Md. Ishtiaque
Published: January 2019

The present study focuses on the analysis of flow characteristics inside a 180° bent channel by adopting two distinct RANS model namely, Realizable k-ϵ and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). The computation results, obtained from both case study have been validated against experimental data at different cross-sections throughout the bend region and downstream tangent for velocity distribution. The anisotropic behavior of turbulent flow was illustrated for both case study inside the bend region and it has been established that after 3° the flow gradually became more intense at the outer core. Pressure coefficient throughout the u-channel was depicted for both turbulence model and a characteristic feature has been obtained. Due to centrifugal force and high inlet Reynolds number, a pair of counter-rotating Dean vortices were constructed at different stations inside the bend region. From both demonstrations, it was revealed that, Realizable k-ϵ model provided relatively better approximation.
Overview of Fuels used for Marine Diesel Engines
Authors: Le Van Vang
Published: January 2019

In the future, when traditional fuels are exhausted, biofuels are the alternative candidate. The more developed the world, the greater the demand for fuel, while the natural resources are not unlimited. Therefore, the search for a new fuel source is more plentiful, more sustainable, less polluting, greenhouse effect and environmentally friendly as well as an opportunity to manage natural resources. In the maritime industry, most of the ships currently are using diesel engines as a propulsion device for propeller spinning, hybrid generators or other equipment. The main solution is to accelerate the research and deployment of applications into practical exploitation and encourage the use of biofuels. To enhance the building of material foundations, the training of human resources, the improvement of the system of policies, legal documents and the enhancement of international cooperation in biofuels development, raising public awareness. on the development of biofuels.
Potential Renewable Energy Aiming at the Sustainable Development in Vietnam
Authors: Dong Van Huong
Published: January 2019

Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas meet most of the energy needs of people, but fossil fuels are unsustainable. The use of fossil fuels is one of the main causes of climate change and it has a serious impact on human health. In addition, these fuels are depleting, so the research and use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal or biomass is a necessity. In this paper, we mention some of the main reasons for promoting the development of renewable energy, the potential and the reality of renewable energy exploitation in Vietnam. In addition, we also outline the main reasons that hinder the development and exploitation of renewable energy sources in Vietnam.
Development and Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Pulse Added Protein Rich Pasta
Authors: Balasooriya Ronali Navoda , Wickramasinghe I.
Published: January 2019

Sri Lanka is experiencing a nutritional transition along with under-nutrition, overweight, and obesity. Consumers are becoming health conscious and pasta products are fetching great attention. However, legumes and cereals are nutritionally complementary, where together provide the essential amino acid profile for vegans. In this study, wheat semolina was substituted with soya and mung flour to develop five pasta formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5). F1 - soy 40%, F2 - soy 30% & mung 10%, F3 -soy 20% & mung 20%, F4 - soy 10% & mung 30%, F5 - mung 40%. All the samples have the protein content of more than 15% which complies with the local regulation. All the five samples were evaluated for the proximate composition, cooking time and sensory qualities. Pulse incorporated pasta show increased cooking time compared to control. According to the sensory evaluation data, there is a significant difference among the five samples for color, texture, taste and overall acceptability but there is no significant difference among the sample for mouth feel of the product. Based on physicochemical & proximate composition, cooking time and sensory qualities, pasta containing soy flour (40%) resulted in better quality having more nutritional elements and highest overall acceptability.
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN AMAZONIA: CONTROVERSIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: De Freitas Marcilio , Da Silva Freitas Marilene C.
Published: January 2019

Through a prospective study, structural issues that move Amazonia’s ecological and cultural complexity and its internationalization are analyzed in this article. Its predatory development in a global context permeated by sustainability is presented. It shows that capitalism has no heuristic reach to economically exploit Amazonia preserving its biomes. It prioritizes issues such as: What are the political foundations that permeate Amazonia’s global economic insertion? What are its links with the scientific and technological processes imbricated in worldwide environmentalism? Many proposals and uncertainties concerning Amazonia’s ecological issues are presented. The environmental and social impacts of the large socioeconomic development projects implemented in the region are shown. Technical elements to clarify the sustainability concept and its correlation with the development of Amazonia are presented and analyzed. Amazonia’s importance for the future of Brazil and the mankind, and the controversies on political and economic issues that impede its economic development are also discussed.
REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE ALTITUDINAL GRADIENTS IN NORTHERN TRANSBAIKALIA VEGETATION COVER
Authors: Bocharnikov Maxim V. , Ogureeva Galina N. , Jargalsaikhan Luvsandorj
Published: January 2019

According to the the biome concept, the idea of the orobiome and its significance in the evaluation of the biodiversity for mountain territories are disclosed. Altitudinal gradients of vegetation with certain altitudinal limits of development are the basis for analysing the floristic and coenotic diversity of the orobiome and the ecological and geographical patterns of its spatial organization at the regional level. Based on the example from Kodar-Kalar orobiome, an altitudinal composition of the vegetation of the Northern Transbaikalia has been identified using thematic maps. The statistical evaluation of the altitudinal distribution of 4 vegetation belts (the upper tundra belt, the tundra belt, the sub-tundra belt and the mountain taiga belt) has been made. The regional features of the altitude position of the basic vegetation types forming the belts have been determined for the orobiome. They are reflected in three geographical variants. Orographic conditions and the history of the territory development have been discussed in the analysis of regional features of altitudinal spectra difference.
IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT SPECIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH ALTITUDE AND SLOPE ASPECT: A CASE STUDY FROM NAINI LAKE CATCHMENT, CENTRAL HIMALAYA
Authors: Fartiyal Anil , Reza Masoom , Joshi R. C. , Tiwari Ira
Published: January 2019

In the Himalaya diversity of plant species is very rich in length and breadth of its spatial extent. Study area forms a part of the Central Himalaya where altitude is varying in between 1940m to 2615m. Changing slope aspect and altitude (microclimate) have a close bearing on the distribution of species. Distribution of plant species was identified with the help of quick bird data with detailed goundtruth verification. Whereas, habitat characteristics i.e. altitude and slope aspect are identified using Survey of India topographical map. Finally, the analysis and interpretation part is carried out with the help of GIS software. Study reflects that Cupressus torulusais found above 2190m concentrating in the southern and south eastern slope aspect areas only. However, presence of Quercus Leucotricophorais found everywhere without having any control of altitude and slope aspect. Earlier workers reported that picea smithian (Spruce) growth is limited from 2400m to 3600m. In the Himalayan region but in the study area we found its natural growth in the height of 2005m.
Masyakil al-Kafa-a laday al-Thalabah bi Syubah al-Tadris al-Lugah al-'Arabiyyah lil Mustawa al-Khamis 'an al-Ta'allum al-Maf'ul Bih bi al-Jami'ah al-Islamiyyah al-Hukumiyyah Palopo
Authors: Kartini Kartini
Published: January 2019

AbstrakPeneliti menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan instrumen di antaranya observasi, wawancara, dokmentasi dan tes. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Kemampuan mahasiswa program studi pendidikan bahasa Arab semester V di IAIN Palopo tentang pembelajaran mafulbih tergolong sedang. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari hasil wawancara peneliti dengan beberapa mahasiswa dan juga kepada dosen pengajar, di mana pad aumumnya mahasiswa hanya mengetahui beberapa pola mafulbih yang terbilang sederhana. Selain itu tidak semua mahasiswa mengetahui hukum irob maful bih. 2. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan mahasiswa tentang pembelajaran mafulbih ada dua yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal meliputi niat mereka mempelajari bahasa Arab, kecintaan terhadap bahasa arab, bakat yang mereka miliki, minat baca, lingkungan tempat tinggal dan lingkungan kampus yang meliputi ketersedian fasilitas dan jumlah jam pelajaran.Kata kunci: Problematika, kemampuan, maful bih