bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurable Outcomes of an Ophthalmology and Rheumatology Coordinated Care Clinic
Authors: Lavallee Catherine , Ahrens Monica , Davidson Stefanie L. , Goheer Haseeb , Shuster Allison , Lerman Melissa A.
Published: September 2024

Objective

We evaluated the impact of an Ophthalmology/Rheumatology multidisciplinary clinic for patients with anterior uveitis by comparing outcomes between those who received traditional care (TC) versus coordinated care (CC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with anterior uveitis from a pediatric tertiary care center between 2013 and 2022. Standard descriptive statistics were used; survival analyses explored differences in cohort disease activity and biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment. Steroid treatment by cohort was compared using generalized estimating equation model with Poisson distribution and log link. Complications were compared using logistic regression. Number of visits in each cohort were assessed using Poisson generalized estimating equation model adjusted for complications.

Results

We studied 215 patients with anterior uveitis; 66% were female, 53% had juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and 23% were idiopathic, with a median age at diagnosis of 8 years old (interquartile range 5–12). CC was associated with a 60% higher hazard of reaching disease control (hazard ratio 1.6; P < 0.01) when controlling for time since diagnosis and anterior chamber cell counts at the beginning of disease activity. CC was associated with starting biologic DMARDs earlier than TC (P < 0.01). Compared with the group who received TC, the group who received CC had a 96% lower rate of glucocorticoid reception per appointment within the first year (P < 0.01). The visit rate was 64% lower for the group who received CC when controlling for total complications per patient.

Conclusion

Patients who received multidisciplinary care had better outcomes than patients who received TC. Limitations include different cohort start times and absence of defined criteria for CC referral.

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Conformal Ordered Solid–Liquid Coupled Piezoelectric Units for Programmable Adaptive Optics
Authors: Ren Kaile , Gao Xiangyu , Jin Haonan , Qiao Liao , Xia Song , Li Fei
Published: September 2024

Ordered piezoelectric units are designed to achieve unnaturally large strains and artificial vibrational modes, owing to the synergistic effects of multiple units. However, when interfacing with another physical field, the challenge for ordered piezoelectric units is to achieve precise control of individual unit independently while maintaining a large manipulation range. In this study, conformal ordered solid–liquid coupled piezoelectric units are introduced, which effectively reduce stress transfer by as much as 84% between units via incorporating a liquid phase into each unit. This design allows for the generation of considerable strain levels (up to ɛZ = 1.13%) when used with a flexible layer and optimized structure. Hence, these conformal ordered piezoelectric units achieve simultaneous production of large strains and independent electromechanical control for each individual unit. As a practical illustration, a biomimetic piezoelectric adaptive lens and a lens array based on solid–liquid coupled piezoelectric units are designed and fabricated. They offer an extensive zoom range from 100.3 mm to infinity, ultra‐high diopter sensitivity of 70 D mV−1, ultra‐rapid response time of 50 µs, and programmable optical focusing through individual manipulation of each unit. This research paves the way for inspiring new designs for piezoelectric metamaterials and devices for intelligent electromechanical systems.
Directly Printable, Non‐Smearable and Stretchable Conductive Ink Enabled by Liquid Metal Microparticles Interstitially Engineered in Highly Entangled Elastomeric Matrix
Authors: Singh Mukesh , Bhuyan Priyanuj , Jeong Sunho , Park Sungjune
Published: September 2024

Liquid metal or liquid metal microparticles (LMP) based conductive inks, though promising for fabrication of circuits for use in soft and stretchable electronics, are constrained by a few drawbacks such as need for encapsulation, need for sintering to induce conductivity, and smearing. To address these issues, herein, a stretchable conductive composite ink is developed by combining LMPs with carbon black (CB) in highly entangled polysiloxane elastomer. LMP‐dispersed elastomer lacks conductivity because of its non‐percolated network, however, the CB can interconnect LMPs to act as a bridge, thereby imparting conductivity to the elastomer. Due to presence of fluidic LMPs, the LMPs‐dispersed elastomer lies in soft regime with initial conductivity of 5.6 S m−1, aided by the presence of CB in the interstitial spaces between the LMPs. The highly entangled molecular network of the encapsulating elastomer endows the resulting composite with high stretchability (≈286%) and softness (0.648 MPa) and its long pot life enables rheological modulation of the ink to achieve pressure‐driven direct printed non‐smearing traces. The LMPs‐based conductive ink developed in this work is expected to be further utilized in the fabrication of soft robotics and electronic skin and integrated into electronic modules by facile direct 3D printing.
Self‐Confined Construction of Facet Heterojunction with Tunable Band Alignment for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Mengting , Mu Huiying , Su Ran , Liu Ruihong , Liu Ying , Li Yilei , Li Fa‐tang
Published: September 2024

Although crystal facet engineering is extensively studied in energy and environmental technologies, the in‐depth understanding of intrinsic mechanisms governing crystal facet heterojunctions in tuning band alignments is still limited. Here, novel Bi5O7NO3 crystals exposing tailor {080} facets are synthesized via NH4+‐assisted self‐confined construction. It has been confirmed that NH4+ ions selectively adsorb on the {141} facets, inversely inducing the growth of desired {080} crystal facets, while the tailored {080} facets facilitate the generation of oxygen vacancies. The controllable concentration of oxygen vacancies, influenced by different exposed facets, can optimize the relative positions of Fermi levels and shift the photoelectron transfer route between the {141} and {080}‐OV facets from type‐II to S‐scheme, thus triggering rapid charge transport channels and effectively suppressing electron‐hole recombination. DFT calculation verifies that the energy barrier for the *COOH formation on Bi5O7NO3‐{080}‐OV is the lowest, thereby promoting the generation of CO. The well‐designed Bi5O7NO3 crystals with the optimal {080}/{141} facet ratio exhibit a 3.8‐fold enhancement in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, compared to traditional Bi5O7NO3 dominated by the {141} facets. This work offers new insights into the regulation of band alignments at heterointerfaces and the design of high‐efficiency photocatalysts.
Role of Spin Transport on Ultrafast Spin Dynamics in Magnetic Weyl Semimetal (Co2MnGa)/Pt Heterostructures with High Spin‐Mixing Conductance
Authors: Dutta Soma , Panda Surya Narayan , Markou Anastasios , Felser Claudia , Lesne Edouard , Barman Anjan
Published: September 2024

Magnetic Weyl semimetals are emerging as a new class of material systems for spintronics due to their intrinsic topological properties and the inherent interplay between topology and magnetism, giving rise to novel electronic states and spin‐orbital‐related effects. Here, ultrafast magnetization dynamics in the Weyl semimetal Heusler ferromagnet Co2MnGa is investigated, from femtosecond to nanosecond timescales, using time‐resolved magneto‐optical Kerr effect (TR‐MOKE) at room temperature. Ultrafast demagnetization and precessional dynamics corresponding to the Kittel and perpendicular standing spin‐wave (PSSW) modes of Co2MnGa, interfaced with Pt thin films of varying thickness, have been investigated. The exchange stiffness constant of Co2MnGa is determined, as well as detailed information about spin‐transport across the Co2MnGa/Pt interface. From the modulation of Gilbert damping of Co2MnGa with Pt thickness, a very high intrinsic spin‐mixing conductance, G↑↓ =  1.73  ×  1016 cm−2 is extracted of the interface and the spin diffusion length of Pt is determined to be 2.9 ± 0.2 nm. The interfacial spin transparency is found to reach a sizeable value of ≈83%, in the perfect spin‐sink regime, suggesting the great potential of this heterostructure for spin‐orbitronics and devices relying on ultrafast magnetization dynamics.
“Periodontal ligament‐on‐chip” as a Novel Tool for Studies on the Physiology and Pathology of Periodontal Tissues
Authors: Svanberg Sara , Hirth Elisabeth , Mitsiadis Thimios A. , Dittrich Petra S.
Published: September 2024

Teeth exert fundamental physiological functions, such as mastication and speech, and are a key feature of oral health that affects life quality. Teeth are anchored to the alveolar bone via the periodontal ligament, which provides stability to the teeth and absorbs mechanical stresses during mastication. Periodontal infection leads to periodontitis, a severe inflammation of the supporting soft tissues that ultimately cause tooth loss. Despite the pressing need of periodontal regeneration for improved oral care, efficient in vitro models of the periodontal tissues are still missing, thus hampering the development of novel, faster, and more effective therapy modalities. Herein, a novel “periodontal ligament (PDL)‐on‐chip” model that integrates patient‐derived periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and endothelial cells is introduced. This microfluidic platform provides optimal conditions for the formation of extensive and perfusable vascular networks. Furthermore, PDLCs elicit blood vessels’ development and maturation while establishing close contacts with the endothelial cells. Potential applications for inflammatory periodontal diseases are also successfully displayed in the “PDL‐on‐chip” by stimulating inflammation and detecting inflammatory cytokines. This work offers a cornerstone for more complex and specialized microfluidic dental models, which are necessary to unravel complex oral diseases that affect individuals’ general health that go beyond the field of dentistry.
Enhancement of Ionic Transport at the Interface of LLZTO by Using Lithium Borohydride Ammoniates
Authors: Wang Yijiao , Liu Peng , Wang Shuo , Xin Zhan , Yu Miao , Yuan Caiting , He Pingting , Lv Yingtong , Zhang Tengfei
Published: September 2024

Garnetbased all‐solid‐state electrolytes are promising because of their wide electrochemical window and high ionic conductivity. However, the preparation process for garnet‐based solid‐state electrolytes is complex, requiring a high sintering temperature (>1050 °C) and a long sintering time (>10 h), which results in poor contact with the electrode. In this work, hydride coating modification can effectively improve the interface contact of oxide particles and enhance the ability of ion conduction. Hence, a series of composite electrolytes Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12‐xwt%Li(NH3)0.2BH4 (LLZTO‐xwt%LNB, 0≤x≤30) is synthesized at Room temperature (RT), in which hydrides uniformly coat and fill in the pores of LLZTO to provide lithium‐ion transport channels. At 30 °C, the conductivity of LLZTO‐10wt%Li(NH3)0.2BH4 (LLZTO‐10wt%LNB, 2.3 × 10−4 S cm−1) is four orders higher than pristine untreated LLZTO (8.7 × 10−8 S cm−1), and two orders higher than pristine Li(NH3)0.2BH4 (1.3 × 10−6 S cm−1). The critical current density reaches up to 3 mA cm−2, demonstrating excellent stability against lithium. These strategies positively impact the development and application of solid‐state electrolytes.
Bifunctional Au@UiO‐67‐bpy‐Cu Plasmonic Nanostructures for the Solar‐Driven CO2 Reduction to Methanol
Authors: Cepero‐Rodríguez Elizabeth , Sousa‐Castillo Ana , Besteiro Lucas V. , Puértolas Begoña , Vázquez‐González Margarita , Correa‐Duarte M.A
Published: September 2024

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is gaining more interest as a sustainable route to produce methanol, a key starting material in the synthesis of many chemicals and a potential energy carrier. Here, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are used as platforms to integrate plasmonic Au nanospheres and Cu active centers in joint bifunctional hybrid photocatalysts. The methodology followed in obtaining stable Au@UiO‐67‐bpy‐Cu MOFs is based on synthesizing Au@UiO‐67‐bypiridine (bpy) MOFs through a core‐shell procedure, and then modifying them with Cu ions after their coordination with the bpy ligands. This gains the final structure regular coverage of active metal centers that can be excited by the interaction with the plasmonic nanospheres. In the absence of Au, the system demonstrates selectivity toward the formation of methanol under hole scavenger‐free conditions owing to the excitation of the bpy‐Cu complex with visible light. The obtained yield duplicates upon Au nanospheres incorporation as a result of the injection of hot electrons, excited by surface‐mediated intraband processes, to the bpy‐Cu states, thus increasing their CO2 reduction efficiency. Additionally, the catalytic activity remains stable during four consecutive cycles.
Germline RTEL1 Variants in Telomere Biology Disorders
Authors: Thompson Ashley S. , Niewisch Marena R. , Giri Neelam , McReynolds Lisa J. , Savage Sharon A.
Published: September 2024

Rare germline variation in regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) is associated with telomere biology disorders (TBDs). Biallelic RTEL1 variants result in childhood onset dyskeratosis congenita and Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome whereas heterozygous individuals usually present later in life with pulmonary fibrosis or bone marrow failure. We compiled all TBD‐associated RTEL1 variants in the literature and assessed phenotypes and outcomes of 44 individuals from 14 families with mono‐ or biallelic RTEL1 variants enrolled in clinical trial NCT00027274. Variants were classified by adapting ACMG‐AMP guidelines using clinical information, telomere length, and variant allele frequency data. Compared with heterozygotes, individuals with biallelic RTEL1 variants had an earlier age at diagnosis (median age 35.5 vs. 5.1 years, p < 0.01) and worse overall survival (median age 66.5 vs. 22.9 years, p < 0.001). There were 257 unique RTEL1 variants reported in 47 publications, and 209 had a gnomAD minor allele frequency <1%. Only 38.3% (80/209) met pathogenic/likely pathogenic criteria. Notably, 8 of 209 reported disease‐associated variants were benign or likely benign and the rest were variants of uncertain significance. Given the considerable differences in outcomes of TBDs associated with RTEL1 germline variants and the extent of variation in the gene, systematic functional studies and standardization of variant curation are urgently needed to inform clinical management.
Molecular Evidence for the Axial Coordination Effect of Atomic Iodine on Fe‐N4 Sites in Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiang , Yi Zhen‐Yu , Wang Yu‐Qi , Wang Dong
Published: September 2024

We present a molecular‐scale investigation of the axial coordination effect of atomic iodine on Fe‐N4 sites in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM). A well‐defined model catalytic system with explicit and uniform iodine‐coordinated Fe‐N4 sites was constructed facilely by the self‐assembly of iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) on an I‐modified Au(111) surface. The electrocatalytic activity of FePc for the ORR shows notable enhancement with axial iodine ligands. The modulation of the electronic structure of Fe sites to evoke a higher spin configuration by axial iodine was evidenced. The interaction strength between oxygen‐containing species and active centers becomes weaker due to the presence of iodine ligands, and the reaction is thermodynamically preferable. Furthermore, the reaction dynamics of FePc on I/Au(111) were explicitly determined via in situ ECSTM potential pulse experiments. In contrast, axial atomic iodine was found inefficacious for improving the activity of Co‐N4 sites, and electron rearrangement was found to be marginal, demonstrating that adequate interactions between axial ligands and metal sites for optimizing electronic structures and catalytic behaviors are prerequisites for the impactful role of axial ligands.
Salidroside alleviates imiquimod‐induced psoriasis by inhibiting GSDMD‐driven keratinocyte pyroptosis
Authors: Wang Mengjie , Tu Tuyagaer , Wang Yangxingyun , Tian Limin , Yang Yuenan
Published: September 2024

Psoriasis is a common immune‐related polygenic inflammatory skin disease. Salidroside (SAL) exerts anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects and is used to treat skin diseases. However, the specific effects of SAL on psoriasis remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of SAL for psoriasis treatment. Mice were treated with imiquimod (IMQ) to establish an in vivo psoriasis model. Histological analysis was conducted via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cytokine release was determined via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, mRNA levels were determined via reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was assessed via Western blotting. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and Ki‐67 expression levels were determined via immunohistochemistry. Caspase 1 and GSDMD expression levels were determined via immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, macrophage function and keratinocyte pyroptosis were also analyzed via flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined using 5‐ethynyl‐2ʹdeoxyuridine assay. SAL alleviated IMQ‐induced psoriasis. IMQ‐mediated GSDMD‐driven pyroptosis and keratinocyte hyperproliferation promoted M1 macrophage polarization. However, SAL treatment suppressed GSDMD expression, thereby inhibiting keratinocyte proliferation and pyroptosis and promoting M2 macrophage polarization. GSDMD deficiency further promoted the effects of SAL and suppressed psoriasis progression. Overall, our findings suggest that SAL exerts protective effects against psoriasis. Specifically, it exerts anti‐inflammatory effects by regulating M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting keratinocyte pyroptosis‐driven proliferation induced by the immune microenvironment in psoriasis.
Selective embolization with autologous fat to treat massive bleeding secondary to percutaneous renal biopsy
Authors: Solis‐Jiménez Fabio , Perez‐Zamorano Alexandra , Eid‐Lidt Guering , Jimenez‐Rodriguez Gian Manuel
Published: September 2024

Bleeding following a percutaneous renal biopsy is a complication that can be life‐threatening. Embolization of the bleeding artery is a procedure that can limit the damage; however, embolization devices can be costly or not immediately available. This is why we present the case of a 25‐year‐old man with a history of multiple thromboses who underwent a renal biopsy due to suspected systemic lupus erythematosus. Five days after the procedure, he developed hypovolemic shock. A CT scan was performed due to suspected hemorrhage and showed active bleeding at the renal biopsy site. Since embolization devices were not immediately available, selective embolization of the bleeding artery was successfully performed using autologous fat. It is known that embolization with coils is the most frequently used interventional procedure to stop bleeding secondary to renal biopsies. However, embolization with autologous fat is a proven technique to stop bleeding in coronary perforations. In this case, we adapted this technique to treat an actively bleeding renal artery secondary to a renal biopsy. Based on this case, we consider that this technique may be an alternative when coil embolization is not available.
Avoiding Replicates in Biocatalysis Experiments: Machine Learning for Enzyme Cascade Optimization
Authors: Siedentop Regine , Siska Maximilian , Hermes Johanna , Lütz Stephan , von Lieres Eric , Rosenthal Katrin
Published: September 2024

The optimization of enzyme cascades is a complex and resource‐demanding task due to the multitude of parameters and synergistic effects involved. Machine learning can support the identification of optimal reaction conditions, for example, in the case of Bayesian optimization (BO), by proposing new experiments based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) and expected improvement (EI). Here, in this research BO is used to optimize the concentrations of the reaction components of an enzyme cascade. The productivity‐cost‐ratio is chosen as the optimization objective in order to achieve the highest possible productivity, which was normalized to the costs of the materials used to prevent convergence to ever‐increasing enzyme concentrations. To reduce the experimental effort, contrary to common practice in biological experiments, replicates were not used; instead, the algorithm's proposed experiments and inherent uncertainty quantification were relied upon. This approach balances parameter space exploration and exploitation, which is critical for the efficient and effective identification of optimal reaction conditions. At the optimized reaction conditions identified in this study, the productivity‐cost ratio is doubled to 38.6 mmol L−1 h−1 €−1 compared to a reference experiment. The parameter optimization required only 52 experiments while being robust to outlying experimental results.
Recent Applications of Sulfonium Salts in Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Timmann Sven , Feng Zeyu , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: September 2024

The use of sulfonium salts in organic synthesis has experienced a dramatic increase during the last years that can arguably be attributed to three main factors; the development of more direct and efficient synthetic methods that make easily available sulfonium reagents of a wide structural variety, their intrinsic thermal stability, which facilitates their structural modification, handling and purification even on large scale, and the recognition that their reactivity resembles that of hypervalent iodine compounds and therefore, they can be used as replacement of such reagents for most of their uses. This renewed interest has led to the improvement of already existing reactions, as well as to the discovery of unprecedented transformations; in particular, by the implementation of photocatalytic protocols. This review aims to summarize the most recent advancements on the area focusing on the work published during and after 2020. The scope of the methods developed will be highlighted and their limitations critically evaluated.
Tuning the Steric and Electronic Properties of Hemilabile NHC ligands for Gold(I/III) Catalyzed Oxyarylation of Ethylene: A Computational Study
Authors: Galdi Gaetano , Costabile Chiara
Published: September 2024

Mechanistic studies on 1,2‐oxyarylation of ethylene promoted by gold catalysts bearing hemilabile N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC^X) ligands were conducted by DFT calculations, exploring the whole catalytic cycle. After highest energy transition state (TS) barriers were located for NHC^N gold catalyst, and experimental results with different iodoarenes and alcohols rationalized, the study was extended to modified NHC^X catalysts, to observe how electronic and steric effects could affect the rate determining step TS. Electronic effects were investigated on NHC^X (X=H, N, O, P, and S), whereas steric effects emerged when comparing catalysts with different N−R groups (R=Dipp, Mes, tBu and Me). Finally, we suggest a different catalyst design based on N‐aryl N‐o‐donor‐aryl NHC, with different donors and NHC backbones to search for better performing systems.
A case of gastrolithiasis produced by a 5‐day diet
Authors: Hakoda Akitoshi , Takayama Kazuki , Sasaki Shun , Mori Yosuke , Tanaka Hironiri , Sugawara Noriaki , Iwatsubo Taro , Ota Kazuhiro , Nishikawa Hiroki
Published: September 2024

A 55‐year‐old man with a history of distal gastrectomy was admitted to our hospital due to gastrointestinal bleeding from an anastomotic ulcer. After endoscopic hemostasis, his oral intake resumed after 1 day of fasting; however, he could not ingest food because of early satiety and nausea on the fifth day of oral intake resumption. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed again to investigate the cause of anorexia and revealed a massive gastrolithiasis that was not observed in the previous esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which was diagnosed as the cause of his anorexia. Gastrolithiasis was treated with endoscopic removal the day after diagnosis, and the patient was discharged from the hospital after his symptoms resolved. Herein, we report the case of a patient with gastrolithiasis that developed and proliferated within 5 days.
Improving the Determination of Carbon Isotope Ratios of Endogenous Steroids Found in Human Serum
Authors: Piper Thomas , Thevis Mario
Published: September 2024

The determination of serum concentrations of testosterone (T) and 4‐androstenedione (A4) was implemented into the steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport in 2023. Monitoring T, A4, and the ratio of T/A4 in a longitudinal manner enables the detection of the misuse of low‐dose T administrations especially in female athletes, whereas urinary markers of the steroid profile may not be influenced significantly. In contrast to the urinary steroid profile, knowledge on confounding factors regarding serum concentrations of T and A4 is yet comparably scarce, and corroborating exogenous sources of the target analytes by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is desirable. In a recent study, it was demonstrated that carbon isotope ratios (CIRs) of serum steroids can be determined if analyte concentrations permit. The therein‐employed method utilized 2D‐GC/IRMS, and only a limited number of potential endogenous reference compounds were available. The here‐presented approach uses complementary analyte purification strategies, addressing previous limitations. A high‐performance liquid chromatography cleanup was developed and fully validated for serum steroids in order to enable all doping control laboratories to potentially implement this method alongside existing protocols for urinary steroids. Besides the already‐investigated endogenous steroids cholesterol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androsterone sulfate, and epiandrosterone sulfate, two additional steroids were included in the test menu, namely, pregnenolone sulfate and 5‐androstene‐3β,17β‐diol sulfate. Serum steroid concentrations down to 25 ng/mL were found to allow robust CIR determinations, and a reference population encompassing 124 male and female athlete samples was investigated to enable the calculation of population‐based thresholds for all relevant steroid combinations.
Ultrasound guided ultra‐minimally invasive long head of the biceps tendon release: Anatomic and cadaver study
Authors: Rodríguez‐Maruri Guillermo , Rojo‐Manaute Jose Manuel , Lavin‐Alconero Lucia , Cerezal Luis , Soto Miguel del Valle , Fernández‐Buergo Cristina , Peralt Iñaki Erquicia , Wahezi Sayed , Montero Juan Antonio
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to describe in volunteers and cadavers the location of the vascular structures at risk for performing a new safe and effective ultra‐minimally invasive ultrasound guided long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) release.

Methods

First, with Doppler ultrasound, we defined the position of the acromial artery from our distal cutting point, on the posterior margin of the LHBT. Second, we performed an ultra‐minimally invasive ultrasound guided LHBT release in cadavers. We described the stump and reported safety (no rotator cuff, vascular, or articular damages) and efficacy (tendon release rate).

Results

In 20 volunteers, the mean distance from the distal cutting point to the acromial artery was 0.9 ± 0.1 cm (range, 0.3–1.6). Ultra‐minimally invasive LHBT release was safe and fully effective in the eight specimens. The proximal stump measured a mean of 2.8 cm (range, 1.9–4). There were no complications.

Conclusions

A safe and effective ultra‐minimally invasive ultrasound guided LHBT release in cadavers is feasible through an anterior approach.
Variation in Plumage Coloration of Rosy‐Faced Lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis): Links to Sex, Age, Nutritional Condition, Viral Infection, and Habitat Urbanization
Authors: McGraw Kevin J. , Hammond Reilly , Kraberger Simona , Varsani Arvind
Published: September 2024

Expression of vibrant plumage color plays important communication roles in many avian clades, ranging from penguins to passerines, but comparatively less is known about color signals in parrots (order Psittaciformes). We measured variation in coloration from three plumage patches (red face, blue rump, red tail) in an introduced population of rosy‐faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) in Phoenix, Arizona, USA and examined color differences between the sexes and ages as well as relationships with several indices of quality, including disease presence/absence (infection with beak and feather disease, Circovirus parrot, and a polyomavirus, Gammapolyomavirus avis), nutritional state (e.g., blood glucose and ketone levels), and habitat type from which birds were captured. We found that different plumage colors were linked to different quality indices: (a) adults had redder faces than juveniles, and birds with brighter faces had lower glucose levels and were less likely to have polyomavirus; (b) males had bluer rumps than females; and (c) birds caught farther from the city had redder and darker tail feathers than those caught closer to the urban center. Our findings reveal diverse information underlying variation in the expression of these disparate, ornate feather traits in an introduced parrot species, and suggest that these condition‐dependent and/or sexually dichromatic features may serve important intraspecific signaling roles (i.e., mediating rival competitions or mate choices).
Selective Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation in Presence of Hybrid Dendrimer‐Based Catalysts. Part II: Bimetallic
Authors: Maximov Anton L. , Zolotukhina Anna V. , Mamedli Adela A. , Tairova Sabina , Karakanov Edward A.
Published: September 2024

Various heterogeneous bimetallic Ru, Rh, Pd and/or Cu‐containing catalysts, based on dendrimer‐silica mesoporous hybrid supports, are successfully synthesized, using co‐complexation method, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalysts obtained are examined in the aqueous hydrogenation of levulinic acid and its esters to γ‐valerolactone. The catalyst activity and selectivity on γ‐valerolactone are strongly dependent on the nature and ratio of metal used, and PdRu bimetallic catalysts are found to be the most effective. Quantitative or near to quantitative yields of γ‐valerolactone can be achieved for all PdRu catalysts and substrates tested within 2 hours, with maximum TOF value of 4500 h−1. Such high efficiency is provided by especial nanoparticle structure, consisted of Pd core and RuPd shell, and synergistic effect between Ru and Pd in alloy.
Recalling Display Week and Recognizing Innovation
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: September 2024

This issue of ID officially marks our 60th anniversary of publication. We threw ourselves a fun party in San Jose and gave away some nice prizes. I hope you had a chance to stop by and join us. Display Week (DW) was filled with great events that provided new energy and ideas for attendees. Our dedicated reporters chronicled several key innovations and developments, which have been compiled into meeting reports included in this issue.
International Lineup of Events Promotes Global Collaboration
Authors: Kymissis Ioannis (John)
Published: September 2024

As we enter the fall, the volunteers and organizers within the society are continuing a strong portfolio of conferences and activities that help bring together our society, communities, and industry.
Broadened Applications of Digital Signage Create Truly Immersive Displays
Authors: Phenix Sam
Published: September 2024

For this issue of ID, we are trying something a little different. Rather than the usual content covering the science and research behind the development of displays and display‐related technologies, we are turning our lens toward end‐user applications and taking a deeper dive into ancillary areas of innovation as it relates to digital signage. Developments around direct‐view LED (dvLED) technology are adding new functionalities to support a wider range of applications.
From Projectors to Displays: An Evolution in Immersive Conferencing
Authors: Perrot Didier
Published: September 2024

Despite the higher initial costs compared to projectors, long‐term benefits make LED video walls preferable for modern video conferencing needs.
Revealing the unbinding mechanics of hyaluronan·receptor interactions on live cells
Authors: Garcia‐Monge Itzel , Goodenough Ashleigh , Cıvaş Cihan Civan , Kwok Jessica C. F. , Richter Ralf P.
Published: September 2024

The extracellular matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) and its receptors are important mediators of cell adhesion and migration, and tissue mechanics. While mechanical forces are clearly important in these processes, there is a lack of methods to study the effect of mechanical forces on individual bonds of HA with its receptors directly on the surface of cells. Here, we present an assay based on atomic force microscopy to probe the frequency of bond formation (along with the receptor surface density) and the mechanical resistance of HA·receptor bonds to a force ramp on live cells. We demonstrate the method using a lymphoma cell line with stably transfected CD44 and one‐end anchored HA chains. We validate that HA·CD44 unbinding forces on cells are high compared to their relatively low binding affinity, and that bond rupture is dominated by a single energy barrier. The new live cell single HA chain force spectroscopy assay can be used to reveal the interaction mechanics with CD44 or other receptors in distinct interaction geometries, and adapted for other glycosaminoglycans and their receptors.
Prevalence of symptoms of post‐COVID‐19 condition (long COVID) in children hospitalized with COVID‐19: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Silva Maíra Machado da , Benites Maryellen Nepomuceno , Castro Yasmin Marques , Moura Paulo Victor , Zhang Linjie
Published: September 2024

This systematic review aimed to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of post‐COVID‐19 condition (long COVID), in children hospitalized with COVID‐19. We searched PUBMED and EMBASE on 15 March, 2023, using search strategy: “long COVID” OR “post‐COVID‐19” OR “postacute COVID‐19” OR “long‐term COVID” OR “COVID‐19 sequelae” OR “persistent COVID‐19” OR “chronic COVID‐19”. We included observational studies (case‐control, cross‐sectional, cohort, or case series) that investigated symptoms of post‐COVID‐19 condition (long COVID) in children (<18 years) admitted with COVID‐19. We used the WHO case definition of post‐COVID‐19 condition. Long COVID was defined as persistence of otherwise unexplained symptoms for at least three months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We used the command “metaprop” to perform random‐effects meta‐analysis. Eleven studies involving 2279 patients were included. In the period between ≥3 months and <12 months after acute COVID‐19, the most frequent symptom was exercise intolerance with a pooled prevalence of 29% (95% CI: 7%–57%, I2 = 95%), followed by nonspecific respiratory symptoms (12%, 95% CI: 0%–48%, I2 = 0%), psychological disorders (10%, 95% CI: 1%–25%, I2 = 97%), and nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms (10%, 95% CI: 0%–37%, I2 = 99%). In the period ≥12 months after the initial infection, the pooled prevalence of post COVID symptoms was lower, with 6% (95% CI: 2%–10%, I2 = 83%) for exercise intolerance and 3% (95% CI: 0%–8%, I2 = 89%) for fatigue. In conclusion, symptoms of post‐COVID condition (long COVID) in hospitalized children affect multiple organ systems, with higher prevalence in the period up to 12 months after the acute phase of COVID‐19.
Semi‐partial Quadratic Subtraction Set Pair Potential (SQSSPP) method for regional drought risk assessment: A case study in Suzhou City, China
Authors: Jin Datang , Zhang Qibing , Wang Guoqing , Shang Xiaosan , Hu Yong , Zhou Ting
Published: September 2024

Drought risk assessment plays a crucial role in effective drought management. However, it is often challenging due to the intricate relationships among various indicators and the lack of practical guidance. This study presents a drought risk assessment model developed using the Semi‐partial Quadratic Subtraction Set Pair Potential (SQSSPP) method, which is derived from the theory of set pair analysis. The indicator system comprises 21 indicators divided into four subsystems. The SQSSPP method utilizes uncertainty information in the overall development trend of regional drought risk states by extracting connection numbers from the Subtraction Set Pair Potential (SSPP), improving the reliability of evaluation results. The SQSSPP method is validated through a case study of Suzhou City, China, from 2007 to 2017. Three grades are used to evaluate comprehensive drought risk. The result shows an overall decreasing trend over time, with a level III risk in 2010 and consistently at level II from 2011 to 2017. Indicators in the hazard and resilience subsystems are the primary factors influencing drought risk in the Suzhou City. Specific indicators requiring emphasis for improvement are identified, including arable land rate, agricultural population ratio, reservoir regulation rate, current water supply capacity, and irrigation index. The SQSSPP method not only provides targeted drought risk assessment but also provides valuable guidance for future water resource management. While the study focuses on Suzhou City, the proposed approach is applicable to broader‐scale risk management evaluations and practices.
Sensitivity of the familial high‐risk approach for the prediction of future psychosis: a total population study
Authors: Healy Colm , Lång Ulla , O’Hare Kirstie , Veijola Juha , O'Connor Karen , Lahti‐Pulkkinen Marius , Kajantie Eero , Kelleher Ian
Published: September 2024

Children who have a parent with a psychotic disorder present an increased risk of developing psychosis. It is unclear to date, however, what proportion of all psychosis cases in the population are captured by a familial high‐risk for psychosis (FHR‐P) approach. This is essential information for prevention research and health service planning, as it tells us the total proportion of psychosis cases that this high‐risk approach would prevent if an effective intervention were developed. Through a prospective cohort study including all individuals born in Finland between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 1992, we examined the absolute risk and total proportion of psychosis cases captured by FHR‐P and by a transdiagnostic familial risk approach (TDFR‐P) based on parental inpatient hospitalization for any mental disorder. Outcomes of non‐affective psychosis (ICD‐10: F20‐F29) and schizophrenia (ICD‐10: F20) were identified in the index children up to December 31, 2016. Of the index children (N=368,937), 1.5% (N=5,544) met FHR‐P criteria and 10.3% (N=38,040) met TDFR‐P criteria. By the study endpoint, 1.9% (N=6,966) of the index children had been diagnosed with non‐affective psychosis and 0.5% (N=1,846) with schizophrenia. In terms of sensitivity, of all non‐affective psychosis cases in the index children, 5.2% (N=355) were captured by FHR‐P and 20.6% (N=1,413) by TDFR‐P approaches. The absolute risk of non‐affective psychosis was 6.4% in those with FHR‐P, and 3.7% in those with TDFR‐P. There was notable variation in the sensitivity and total proportion of FHR‐P and TDFR‐P cases captured based on the age at which FHR‐P/TDFR‐P were determined. The absolute risk for psychosis, however, was relatively time invariant. These metrics are essential to inform intervention strategies for psychosis risk requiring pragmatic decision‐making.
Diversity and Asymmetric Arrangements as Drivers of Fiscal Federalism: A Comparative Overview
Authors: Blöchliger Hansjörg , Montes-Nebreda Andoni
Published: September 2024

“Diversity” and “asymmetry” are intimately intertwined with multilevel governance. Asymmetric arrangements often help accommodate various characteristics of diversity in a federation. In turn, asymmetric arrangements may have an impact on scope and level of diversity. This chapter provides an overview on the prevalence of asymmetric arrangements in multilevel governance, particularly fiscal decentralisation, to help address issues of diversity in a federation. The chapter also addresses measurement limits in this area, and presents the framework developed within the OECD to overcome these limits, thereby focusing on expenditure and revenue arrangements, intergovernmental transfers, as well as fiscal constitutions.
Territorial Inequalities and Fiscal Federalism in Brazil: An Incomplete Path Toward Equalization
Authors: Junqueira Gabriel , Alcaraz Gabriella
Published: September 2024

Territorial socioeconomic inequalities are the main diversities to be accommodated in the Brazilian federation. They have been a major influence in the design of a transfer system that reduces intergovernmental inequalities in per capita revenue, especially in the case of municipalities in which the Gini coefficient from own revenue has been reduced by half (from 0.5 to 0.24). Grants are mandatory and regulated by the Constitution and laws that establish stable formula-based distribution criteria. Therefore, they assure a significant and steady amount of resources to subnational governments and are protected from short-term political bargaining. However, some important transfers do not have redistributive objectives and increase inequalities. Also, the equalization funds’ distribution criteria present inefficiencies that favor small states and municipalities regardless of their socioeconomic development level. We argue that this historical and political process produced a system that accommodates diverse fiscal capacities by significantly reducing inequalities arising from own revenues. However, its efficiency can be questioned. Moreover, since democratization, the few and marginal advances in this redistributive federative agenda highlight how difficult it is to articulate territorial interests in broad coalitions able to approve redistributive fiscal reforms.
Genesis of Devonian volcanic-associated Lahn-Dill-type iron ores – part II: trace element fractionation evidences diffuse fluid venting
Authors: Schmitt Leanne , Kirnbauer Thomas , Angerer Thomas , Kraemer Dennis , Garbe-Schoenberg Dieter , Fockenberg Thomas , Klein Sabine
Published: September 2024

The iron (Fe)-oxide deposits of the Lahn-Dill-type are composed of haematite-quartz and rare siderite-haematite ores. These ores formed as marine chemical sediments on top of volcaniclastic rocks near the Middle to Late Devonian boundary (∼ 380 Ma). As such, their trace element fractionation patterns provide key information on venting style, ocean chemistry, particle-solution interaction, and depositional environment at the time of ore formation. This study combines WDXRF and ICP-MS/OES whole-rock geochemistry with complementary in-situ LA-ICP-MS analysis, and TEM element mapping of ore samples from the Fortuna Mine (Rhenish Massif, Germany). In-situ measurments were conducted on quartz-haematite, haematite, and siderite-haematite microdomains. Bulk major element contents of the ores indicate (volcani)clastic contamination and post-depositional hydrothermal alteration. Microdomain trace element distributions reveal four different trace element signatures, which are related to: (1) syngenetic apatite formation due to sorption of P and REY from seawater; (2) Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide-specific trace element scavenging and fractionation within the seawater column; (3) diagenetic Fe(III) reduction and trace element mobilisation in pore water; and (4) simultaneous deposition of (volcani)clastic material and Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides. These results show that Lahn-Dill-type iron ore formation resulted from mixing of a low-temperature vent fluid with ambient seawater at high seawater to vent fluid ratios. This likely was related to an environment in which diffuse venting dominated over focused venting, and in which quick Fe-particle precipitation led to formation of haematite-quartz ores. Local diagenetic Fe(III) reduction resulted in post-depositional siderite-haematite ore formation during which trace elements were partially remobilised in pore water.
Individual performance niches and responses to winter temperature change in three estuarine fishes from eastern Australia
Authors: Bellotto Clara , Fowler Ashley M. , Booth David J.
Published: September 2024

Climate change may impact individual organisms in different ways, a consideration often overshadowed by predominant focus on population effects in studies. We examined three estuarine fish species to determine if individual fish performance, persisted across winter water temperatures. Fish performance at 16 °C (current Sydney winter estuarine water temperature) and 20 °C (predicted under climate change) with low and high food regimes was assessed using key physiological (growth, aerobic scope, burst speed) and behavioural parameters (foraging activity, boldness, shelter usage, predator escape response). We expected a strong positive relationship between performance at 16 °C and 20 °C for each parameter, and interactions with food level, however in general this was not found for any species. Relative performance was only maintained across temperatures for a few parameters, such as bite rate, boldness, and shelter response in one species (trumpeter Pelates sexlineatus), with aerobic scope in silver biddy Gerres subfasciatus, and boldness in fortescue Centropogon australis. Our results suggest that individuals’ fitness (directly via changes in growth, indirectly via behaviours) might be impacted by climate warming due to differences in relative performance among juvenile individuals across water temperatures. Changes in relative performance among individuals may initially compensate for a population-level response, thereby buffering the effects of climate change.
Delir-Inzidenz in der Augenheilkunde
Authors: Ngo Q. , Böhringer D. , Agostini H. , Lapp T. , Reinhard T.
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund

Aufgrund der kurzen stationären Verweildauer und der zunehmenden Ambulantisierung besteht die Vermutung, dass die Inzidenz des Delirs in der Augenheilkunde unterschätzt wird. Die Erfassung der Delir-Inzidenz in der Augenheilkunde durch eine langfristige Nachverfolgung war das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Studie.

Methodik

Die Studie unterteilte sich in 2 Gruppen. In der Gruppe A erfolgte eine retrospektive Erfassung von Delir-Ereignissen anhand der Entlassungsberichte aller stationären Patient*innen des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg, Klinik für Augenheilkunde vom 01.01.2020 bis zum 31.12.2022. In der Gruppe B erfolgte die prospektive Erfassung von Delir-Ereignissen durch das Augennetz Südbaden (ANSB) rückblickend im Zeitraum von 60–120 Tagen nach der zu bewertenden ophthalmologischen Operation.

Ergebnisse

Im Untersuchungszeitraum der retrospektiven Analyse wurden insgesamt 16.384 Patient*innen stationär behandelt. Es fanden sich Hinweise auf insgesamt 7 neu aufgetretene Delir-Ereignisse. Dies entspricht einem Anteil von 0,04 %. Über das ANSB wurden 12.381 Patient*innen bewertet, darunter 11.530 ambulante Kataraktoperationen. Hierbei zeigten sich Anhalte für 31 Delir-Ereignisse, was einem Anteil von 0,25 % entspricht.

Diskussion

Die hier erstmals langfristig nachverfolgten, prospektiv erfassten Delir-Ereignisse legen nahe, dass die Delir-Inzidenz im stationären Setting unterdiagnostiziert ist. Ein postoperatives Delir erscheint jedoch in der Ophthalmologie vor dem Hintergrund der hohen Anzahl an Eingriffen insgesamt selten.

Graphic abstract