bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gelenkinfektionen an Hand und Handgelenk
Authors: Lamou Hayat Jolie , Kim Simon , Kuchenbuch Christian , Thelen Simon , Eisenschenk Andreas , Hakimi Mohssen
Published: June 2021

Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über Epidemiologie, Ätiologie, Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie von Infektionen an Hand und Handgelenk.
Estimation of the equilibrium free energy for glasses using the Jarzynski equality
Authors: Vinutha H. A. , Frenkel Daan
Published: June 2021

The free energy of glasses cannot be estimated using thermodynamic integration as glasses are intrinsically not in equilibrium. We present numerical simulations showing that, in contrast, plausible free-energy estimates of a Kob–Andersen glass can be obtained using the Jarzynski relation. Using the Jarzynski relation, we also compute the chemical potential difference of the two components of this system and find that, in the glassy regime, the Jarzynski estimate matches well with the extrapolated value of the supercooled liquid. Our findings are of broader interest as they show that the Jarzynski method can be used under conditions where the thermodynamic integration approach, which is normally more accurate, breaks down completely. Systems where such an approach might be useful are gels and jammed glassy structures formed by compression.
Ionic conduction and relaxation mechanisms in three-dimensional CsPbCl3 perovskite
Authors: Pal P. , Ghosh A.
Published: June 2021

Ionic conduction and relaxation for the cubic phase of three-dimensional CsPbCl3 perovskite with a mean crystal size of 500 nm, synthesized via a facile solution based method, have been investigated in wide temperature and frequency ranges by dielectric spectroscopic measurements. Dielectric data have been analyzed in terms of the complex impedance spectroscopy, AC conductivity and the complex electric modulus by using Maxwell–Wagner equivalent circuit model, universal power law, Havrilliak–Negami, and Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts models to explore the fundamental aspects of the ionic transport and relaxation mechanism in CsPbCl3 perovskite. Nyquist plots indicate the individual grain and grain boundary contributions to the total impedance. The temperature dependence of the DC conductivity and the relaxation time obtained from the analysis was observed to follow the Arrhenius behavior. The activation energy for the DC conductivity was found to be ∼0.25 eV, which was very close to that for the relaxation time. The scaling of the AC conductivity and the electric modulus spectra at different temperatures indicates the validity of the time-temperature superposition principle, i.e., common ionic conduction and relaxation mechanisms at different temperatures in CsPbCl3 perovskite.
Curvature effect of electrowetting-induced droplet detachment
Authors: Xiao Ke , Wu Chen-Xu
Published: June 2021

Harnessing detachment of an aqueous droplet via electrowetting on a flat surface has been of considerable interest for potential practical applications, ranging from self-cleaning to novel optical and digital microfluidic devices, due to the wettability of the droplet on a solid substrate enhanced by applying an electric voltage between the droplet and the insulated substrate. However, a quantitative understanding of the detachment process and an accurate prediction on the thresholds of applied voltage for droplet detachment on curved surfaces are still lacking. In this paper, based on energy conservation, we derive a critical condition theoretically for electrowetting-induced droplet detachment from a hydrophobic curved surface. Furthermore, phase diagrams are constructed in terms of droplet volume, viscosity, the Ohnesorge number, friction coefficient at contact line, surface curvature, surface wettability, and electrowetting number. The deduced critical condition offers a general and quantitative prediction on when the detachment occurs, a criterion enabling us to gain more insights into how to accurately manipulate the electrowetting-induced detachment of an aqueous droplet on a curved surface. The results obtained in this paper also imply that the detachable regimes of the phase diagrams can be enlarged through increasing droplet volume and surface curvature and reducing liquid viscosity, friction coefficient, the Ohnesorge number, and wettability of substrates.
Spin wave interference detection via inverse spin Hall effect
Authors: Balinskiy Michael , Chiang Howard , Gutierrez David , Khitun Alexander
Published: June 2021

In this Letter, we present experimental data that demonstrate a spin wave interference detection using an inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). Two coherent spin waves are excited in a yttrium-iron garnet waveguide by continuous microwave signals. The initial phase difference between the spin waves is controlled by the external phase shifter. The ISHE voltage is detected at a distance of 2 and 4 mm away from the spin wave generating antennas by an attached Pt layer. Experimental data show ISHE voltage oscillation as a function of the phase difference between the two interfering spin waves. This experiment demonstrates an intriguing possibility of using ISHE in a spin wave logic circuit converting a spin wave phase into an electric signal.
Modification of the Wilshire strain equation: An application to RR1000
Authors: Williams T. A. , Evans M. , Williams S. J. , John S. E.
Published: June 2021

Being able to predict creep strain as a function of time is important both in preventing aeroengine blades from rubbing against their outer casings, but also in being able to convert small punch test data into equivalent uniaxial test results using numerical models. The capability of the Wilshire equation to interpolate creep curves was assessed using uniaxial creep tests carried out on RR1000. In this paper, an artificial neural network was used to modify the Wilshire equation for times taken to reach various strains, so that the parameters of the Wilshire equation could be interpolated as a function of strain. The model was then evaluated using statistics on predictive accuracy, which showed that the model was capable of predicting the shape and scale of the creep curves with high accuracy. These modifications also revealed that the activation energy is dependent upon the average internal stress and thus strain.
Electrical conductivity measurement of λ DNA molecules by conductive atomic force microscopy
Authors: Wang Ying , Xie Ying , Gao Mingyan , Zhang Wenxiao , Liu Lanjiao , Qu Yingmin , Wang Jiajia , Hu Cuihua , Song Zhengxun , Wang Zuobin
Published: June 2021

Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) is a powerful tool used in the microelectronics analysis by applying a certain bias voltage between the conducting probe and the sample and obtaining the electrical information of sample. In this work, the surface morphological information and current images of the lambda DNA (λ DNA) molecules with different distributions were obtained by C-AFM. The 1 and 10 ng μl−1 DNA solutions were dripped onto mica sheets for making randomly distributed DNA and DNA network samples, and another 1 ng μl−1 DNA sample was placed in a DC electric field with a voltage of 2 V before being dried for stretching the DNA sample. The results show that the current flowing through DNA networks was significantly higher than the stretched and random distribution of DNA in the experiment. The I–V curve of DNA networks was obtained by changing the bias voltage of C-AFM from −9 to 9 V. The currents flowing through stretched DNA at different pH values were studied. When the pH was 7, the current was the smallest, and the current was gradually increased as the solution became acidic or alkaline.
A comparative review of some physicochemical properties of biodiesels synthesized from different generations of vegetative oils
Authors: Binhweel Fozy , Bahadi Murad , Pyar Hassan , Alsaedi Alyaa , Hossain Sohrab , Ahmad Mardiana Idayu
Published: June 2021

Physicochemical properties of different biodiesel generations synthesized from 11 vegetative oils have been reviewed in purpose of comparing the values of biodiesel physicochemical properties and determination the required feedstock for preferable biodiesel. According to the review, two main factors are affecting the physicochemical properties of yielded biodiesel; the first factor is the raw material of vegetative oil that leads to inherent properties like the energy content, cloud, pour, flash points, kinematic viscosity, cetane and iodine numbers. The other factor is synthesis method and handling procedures of biodiesel production which results in properties such as alcohol and glycerin content, suspended solids, and acid value. This review focuses on 9 important physicochemical properties; Density at 15 °C, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, cloud, pour, and flash points, heating value, acid value, Cetane number, and iodine number. The standards of ASTM D6751, EN 14214, IS 15607, and MS 2008:2008 are provided to check matching with the physiochemical properties of reviewed biodiesels.
Rainfall forecasting in arid regions using an ensemble of artificial neural networks
Authors: Elshaboury N , Elshourbagy M , Al-Sakkaf A , Abdelkader E M
Published: June 2021

Water rainfall prediction is one of the most difficult tasks in hydrology because rainfall events are extremely random. This research presents a comparative analysis of different models that predict rainfall in an arid region. The forecasting models comprise the feed-forward, general regression, recurrent, cascade, and Elman neural networks. The performance of the aforementioned models is assessed using three evaluation metrics, namely the correlation coefficient, coefficient of efficiency, and Willmott’s index of agreement. Furthermore, the statistical significance of the neural network models is evaluated using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Finally, the correspondence of the neural network model results compared to the observations is examined using the Taylor diagram. The findings reveal that the general neural network exhibits the best performance compared to other models using the tropical rainfall measuring mission dataset at Suez city in Egypt. The Egyptian water municipality is intended to benefit from the proposed model in monthly rainfall forecasting in this arid region. The precise modeling of rainfall is vital for managing water resources such as food production, water allocation, and drought management.
Study of Multichannel QCM Prospects in VOC Detection
Authors: Bhattacharjee Soumik , Ralib Aliza Aini , Vyakaranam Aparna , Svpk Satya Devu , Shameem SSS , Sulo Rafida , Zainuddin Ahmad Anwar
Published: June 2021

Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is a mass detection sensor capable of measuring mass sensitivity at nanogram levels when based on a thickness shear mode piezoelectric crystal set at high frequencies. These sensors detect with high accuracy while benefiting from simple geometry, low costs, and ease of fabrication. Researchers prefer piezoelectric crystal sensors to the recent methods of gas chromatography/mass chromatography (GC/MC), high pressure liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which are time-consuming and not cost-effective. Unlike conventional QCM sensors that are limited to a single-electrode structure—which minimizes their scope of detection—the Multichannel QCM (MQCM) incorporates multiple sensors fabricated on a single crystal wafer. Each sensor is selectively coated with a sensing material that promotes the adsorption of target vapours. One of the widely used application of QCM sensors is in Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) detection. This paper imparts a critical overview of recent publications on the application of MQCMs with various sensing materials.
Application of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set to Topology
Authors: Ultami E Y , Haripamyu  , Ekariani S , Jenizon
Published: June 2021

A new topology on a set can be generated by a basis. In this paper, we construct an intuitionistic fuzzy soft basis for an intuitionistic fuzzy soft topology. Furthermore, we define the intuitionistic fuzzy soft topology generated by basis and establish some important theorem. Also, some concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy soft basis and subbasis are introduced here.
Study of Neutronic Performance of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Design for Various Output Power Using Radial Fuel Shuffling Strategy
Authors: Ali Shafii Mohammad , Yolanda Putri Elsa , Handayani Feriska , Fitriyani Dian , Su’ud Zaki
Published: June 2021

Study of neutronic performance analysis of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) design based on the variations of output power using radial fuel suffling strategy has been performed. SFR is a type of the generation IV reactor that is widely researched for application on a commercial scale. The reactor design uses natural uranium as a fuel and Sodium as a coolant. The research has been carried out by using the SRAC code and JENDL-3.2 as a library with two dimensional R- Z suffling strategy of cylinder core for variations of power output 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 MWTh. The neutronic parameters such as a multiplication factor (k-eff and k-inf) and burn-up analysis are observed. The SFR core is separated into 10 regions having the same volume fraction in the radial direction. At beginning of burn-up process, the reactor core is only filled with natural uranium fuel called fresh fuel and prepared for the one cycle of 10 years of burn-up time. The burn-up result in the first region is shifted into the second region, the burn-up result in the second region is shifted into the third region, and so on until burn-up result into the tenth region. The burn-up result in the tenth region is removed from the reactor core, then the first region can be filled with fresh natural uranium fuel and so on up to 10 times fuel cycles of reactor operation. The neutron calculation results indicate that the multiplication factors (k-eff and k-inf) in a critical condition are occurred on the 300 MWTh of output power. Overall, the output power of 300 MWTh has requirements and a greater chance of being operated for SFR designed.
Study of the influence of different activator agents on the dimensions, mass, volume, and density of activated carbon monoliths for large-scale practical applications
Authors: Taer Erman , Ratna Dewi Mega , Apriwandi  , Taslim Rika , Agustino  , Sinta Mustika Widya
Published: June 2021

By single step pyrolysis and different chemical activation (KOH and ZnCl2) with different concentrations of 0.3 M, 0.5 M, 0.7 M, and 0.9 M, activated carbon monolith based on jengkol Pithecellobium jiringa shell wastes is obtained. The Samples are prepared in monolith form. The pyrolysis process begins with carbonization from room temperature to 600ºC in the N2 gas environment and followed by physical activation in the CO2 gas environment at a high temperature of 850 ºC for 2.5 hours. Monolith carbon is observed in the change of dimensions, mass, thickness, volume, and density. That it was observed that the pyrolysis process which includes carbonization and activation effectively reduces all the dimensions, mass and density parameters of carbon monoliths. Furthermore, the concentration of chemical activators dramatically exhibits excellent effects with increasing concentrations of activator agents, indicating that the porosity and highly micro-, and mesopores structure of activated carbon monoliths. This study is a model and reference for producing high-porous activated carbon from biomass waste for different practical applications.
Optimization of Nitrate and Nitrite Anions Adsorption on Modified Silica using Batch Method
Authors: Arianti Yuliana , Oktavia Budhi
Published: June 2021

Ammonia inorganic compounds are compounds that are often found because it is soluble in ground water which causes health hazards that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, tetratogenic and cause metamoglobinemia. Ammonia compounds that have negative effects on humans are nitrate and nitrite anions. Disposal of liquid waste and the use of fertilizers cause nitrates and nitrites to dissolve so that it has a negative impact on groundwater. One of the efforts to overcome nitrate and nitrite in waste is by adsorping with adsorbent., where the adsorbent used is DMA modified silica. Characterization by adsorption of nitrites and nitrates from aqueous solution at various pH, concentrartions, and contact times. The result showed that silica modification with DMA increased the adsorption capacity of nitrates and nitrtites. The Langmuir isotherm yields a regression coefficient R2 = for 0.9809 for nitrate and 0.9469 for nitrite. Nitrate adsorption capacity of 0.1669 mg g-1 with an initial nitrate concentration of 60 ppm at pH 8 with stirring for 120 minutes while the maximum adsorption capacity of nitrite was 0.1669 mg g-1 with an initial nitrite concentration of 40 ppm at pH 6 with stirring for 120 minutes.
Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from Andalas (Morus macroura Miq.) plant
Authors: Handayani D , Putri D H , Oktaviani M , Rahwani
Published: June 2021

Many of recent study were conducted to find and investigate new antimicrobial substance to overcome the bacterial resistance problem. We can explore antimicrobial substance from medicine plant including Andalas (Morus macroura Miq.), but this plant is an endangered species. So, we can use endophytic fungi from this plant since they were known have the ability to produce similar antimicrobial compound. The aim of this study is to find some endophytic fungi from Andalas plant that have the ability to inhibit pathogen growth. Part (roots and leaves) of Andalas plant sample are from Andaleh village, Tanah Datar district, West Sumatera. Part of plant surface sterilization was using NaOCl 0.5%. Isolation of endophytic fungi from Andaleh plant was using PDA containing Chloramphenichol 500mg/l. Antimicrobial activity assay was conducted by agar dilution method. This study using 3 microbial agent i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. We found 19 pure isolates of endophytic fungi from roots sample meanwhile 9 pure isolates from leaves. Most of those endophytic fungi (24 of 28 isolates) have the ability to inhibit E.coli and S. aureus growth, but none of them have the same ability to inhibit C. albicans. The highest average inhibition zone against E. coli was 47.1 mm and 51.7 mm against S. aureus. Meanwhile the lowest average inhibition zone against E.coli and S. aureus was 13.6 mm. Based on this study, we can conclude that endophytic fungi from Andalas plant are potential source to develop antimicrobial agent.
Microhabitat of Leptophryne borbonica (Tschudi, 1838) (Anura: Bufonidae) and it’s calling behaviour in Sumatera
Authors: Nugraha F A D , Kadafi M , Satria R , Maulidi A
Published: June 2021

Microhabitat use of amphibians have been widely neglected among studies on herpetofauna. The microhabitat structure is important when it served as reproduction site. Here we survey the microhabitat characteristics of Leptophryne borbonica and the mating calls. We observed 15 individuals perching on the rock in the middle of the stream and two others have been observed far from stream and other water bodies. The calling males perch on the moist and dry rocks. Interestingly, this species always calls on the rock which is located right in front of the water that fall from two intersecting rocks, creating the small-like waterfall with very noisy backsound. It might suggest the behavior of hiding from predators detection through the sound of environment.
Production of Antifungal Compounds by Andalas Endophytic Bacteria (Morus macroura Miq.) Isolate ATB 10-6 at Fermentation Medium with Optimum Carbon and Organic Nitrogen Source
Authors: Putri D H , Violita V , Irdawati  , Fifendy M , Nurhasnah N
Published: June 2021

Andalas (Morus macroura Miq.) is one of the endemic plants in West Sumatera, which is known to have bioactive compounds that have the potential as antifungal. One of the effective ways to produce bioactive compounds from the plants is by utilizing endophytic bacteria through a fermentation process. One of the factor that influence fermentation is the medium. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of carbon and organic nitrogen sources on the growth of the Andalas endophytic bacteria ATB 10-6 isolate and its ability to produce antifungal compounds. The carbon sources used were glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and starch. The types of organic nitrogen sources used were yeast extract, malt extract, beef extract and peptone water. Bacterial growth was observed by measuring optical density (OD), while antifungal activity was carried out by diffusion method. The result showed that a starch and yeast extract was the best carbon and organic nitrogen for the Andalas endophytic bacteria growth. These two types of nutrients are also the best sources of organic carbon and nitrogen to produce antifungal compounds.
Soil Movement Analysis Using Geospatial Information System Method in Gunuang Padang Area Batang Arau Village
Authors: Gamela Saldy Tri , Salia Zakri Rizto
Published: June 2021

Batang arau village is an area that has an area around Gunung Padang. Padang Mountain is a small hill in the south of the Padang city which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. Based on existing history, this area has experienced landslides which caused property losses and the loss of the lives of residents in that location. As a tourist area and a fairly densely populated residential area, knowing the areas prone to land movement is a must, so that people understand the potential for land movement that exists in the location where they live. Geospatial information system is a method that can be used to map the soil vulnerability conditions in the research area. Based on the soil movement model developed by Puslittanak in 2004, 6 supporting maps are needed to produce a map of soil movement around the research area, namely, regional geological maps, rainfall maps, geomorphological maps, soil type maps, and rock type maps. The six maps are then combined into one to produce a soil vulnerability map in the research location. Based on the results of research, the area of Batang arau subdistrict is included in areas with medium-very high soil movement vulnerability. Areas that are included in residential areas are in the medium vulnerability category, while areas that are included in the tourism object of Siti Nurbaya are in the very high vulnerability category.
Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers’ Perception on Realistic Mathematics Education
Authors: Rifandi Ronal , Mulyati Asrina , Meutia Rani Maulani , Al Aziz Saddam
Published: June 2021

Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) has a long story of application around the world. Experts belief that it is a prominent approach in teaching and learning mathematics. However, there is a need to analyse whether it still suitable to use in the classroom teaching in preparing students to survive in the 21st century era. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe pre-service mathematics teachers’ perception about RME. This study is a descriptive research using survey method. The data were collected through questionnaire. The collected data was analysed by using percentage technique. The result shows that there is positive perception of pre-service mathematics teachers in this study towards the use of RME in classroom teaching.
Need Analysis for Physics E-Module Based on Creative Problem Solving Integrated 21st Century Skills
Authors: Widya  , Maielfi Dini , Alfiyandri
Published: June 2021

Online learning is an alternative in the 21st century. Teachers are expected to adapt to these changes by developing teaching materials that are interactive, interesting, and accessed at any time. Besides, the development of teaching materials needs to pay attention to the skills needed by students today. This research is the initial part of development research. This study aims to determine the need of teaching materials that are appropriate for the 21st century. Through student analysis, curriculum analysis, and material analysis for physical learning, information is obtained. It is necessary to develop digital teaching materials in integrated e-modules with Creative Problem-Solving models to achieve 21st-century skills.
Validity and practicality of science learning material by integrating new literacy based on thematic learning for grade VIII students
Authors: Asrizal  , Yurnetti  , Murtiani  , Aprilia Usman Esti
Published: June 2021

The industrial revolution 4.0 requires learning that can develop various literacy skills of students so that they can succeed in learning as well as in everyday life. To answer the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0, the education world seeks to apply 21st-century learning. Through 21st century learning, science learning can be carried out in an integrated manner supported by thematic learning. However, the real conditions illustrate that the application of thematic learning and the integration of literacy skills in science learning is still low. This happens because the integration of literacy in learning is still very limited. One solution that can be done to overcome this problem is to develop new integrated science teaching materials based on thematic learning based on thematic learning for grade VIII students. The type of this research was research and development. The development of integrated science teaching materials for new literacy based on thematic learning consists of seven stages, namely with potential and problems, information gathering, product design, product design, product validation, product testing, product improvement. The instrument for collecting data consisted of two. First, validity sheets are given to experts. Second, practicality sheets are given to teachers and students. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistical analysis. Based on data analysis, two research results were obtained. The first validation of science teaching materials about integrated with new literacy and component of validity science learning is good and very good with an average value of 75,17 and 80.15. Second, the practicality of integrated science teaching materials for new literacy based on thematic learning according to teachers and students is very good with an average value of 89.85 and 83.53. Based on the results of the study, it can be indicated that integrated literacy teaching materials for new literacy based on valid and practical thematic learning and can be used in science learning.
Development of Invertebrates Diversity Practical Guide Oriented Contextual Approach for Student in Biology Department
Authors: Selaras GH , Farma SA , Fitri R , Satria R , Nugraha FAD , Atifah Y
Published: June 2021

Practicum is an integral part of science learning which aims to provide opportunities for students to test hypotheses or observe real objects related to concepts or theories. In order for the practicum to be carried out well, it must be facilitated with practical guide. In this study, a practical guide for invertebrates diversity oriented contextual approach was developed. The purpose of this study is to produce a practical guide for invertebrates diversity oriented with contextual approach. The results of this study are a valid practical guide. Based on the research and development that has been done, practical guides that have been developed are in accordance with the established quality standards.
Blended learning best practice to answers 21st century demands
Authors: Faraniza Z
Published: June 2021

Identify and explore various 21st century skills that indicate the demands that must be mastered by a person. This still corresponds to the four pillars of life which include learning to do, learning to know, learning to be, and learning to live together. Education is a means to form these various skills, such as metacognition, critical thinking skills, problem solving, communication skills, and collaboration, information literacy, and various other skills. This research is a descriptive study with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This research focuses about designing learning activities that empower metacognition, contextual, and develop student-centered learning to achieve meaningful learning concepts that are expected to gain competent quality output. Various ways can be implemented in the learning process, one of which is by cultivating creativity and innovation in learning through blended learning. The results show that blended learning indicates high learning outcomes compared to online learning and face to face because blended learning is a model that combines the advantages of face-to-face learning models with e-learning models by developing various learning media. Blended learning as an alternative solution to overcome the weaknesses of online learning and face-to-face learning to produce a series of learning that is efficient, effective, and fun for students. The interaction and communication of blended learning between and between teacher-students can continue and this is the main attraction of learning in this 21st century era.
Effect of Collaboration the STAD with Audio Visual Media on IPA Knowledge Competencies of VII Class SMP Negeri 32 Padang
Authors: Azizah N , Lufri
Published: June 2021

Based on the problems found in SMP Negeri 32 Padang that the low competence of students’ knowledge because students being less active in the learning process and finding it difficult to learn IPA. So, solution for the problem is group learning models. The group learning models that can be used is the STAD. STAD can also be collaboration with audiovisual media to make students active and enthusiastic so that they can improve their learning outcomes. The research type is a quasi-experimental research with a population of VII class students of SMP Negeri 32 Padang who were registered in 2018/2019. Sample (experimental class and control class) are taken using purposive sampling technique. The research instrument is test (multiple choice) and data will be analyzed with T-test. The result from this research is knowledge comptency of experimental is higher than the control class (80.53 > 73.40) and make H1 accepted because sig.< 0,05. So, the conclusion is collaboration the STAD model’s with audio visual media have significant effect on IPA knowledge competency of VII Class SMP Negeri 32 Padang.
Development of GGAG alpha camera system for targeted alpha radionuclide therapy research
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Watabe T. , Kaneda-Nakashima K. , Shirakami Y. , Ooe K. , Toyoshima A. , Teramoto T. , Shinohara A. , Hatazawa J.
Published: June 2021

Cerium doped Gd3(GaAl)5O12 (GGAG) scintillator has a character in which the decay time for alpha particles differs from that of gamma photons. This is a good point for an imaging detector used for alpha autoradiography of a mouse administered Astatine-211 (At-211) in radionuclide therapy research. Thus, we developed an alpha camera system using a GGAG imaging detector combined with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Our GGAG imaging detector is made of a 0.5 mm-thick GGAG plate optically coupled to a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) and set in a stand with the CCD camera positioned on the upper side of the imaging detector to take optical photos. We first measured the performance of our alpha camera system using an Am-241 alpha source and natural alpha emitting radionuclides with radon daughters. We then conducted imaging of the non-sliced organs of a mouse. After the imaging detector surface was covered with 2.5 µm-thick Mylar film, the organs of the At-211-administered mouse was set on the imaging detector after split or opened and the alpha emitter distributions were measured. We used pulse shape analysis to separate the alpha particles from the beta particles or gamma photons. We successfully measured the alpha particle distributions of the wet non-sliced organs of the At-211-administered mouse. Using the pulse shape spectrum, we could separate the alpha particle images and beta particle or gamma photon images. We conclude that the developed alpha camera system is promising for the imaging of alpha particles and separating of the images using pulse shape discrimination.
A Pythagorean theorem for partitioned matrices
Authors: Bourin Jean-Christophe , Lee Eun-Young
Published: June 2021

We establish a Pythagorean theorem for the absolute values of the blocks of a partitioned matrix. This leads to a series of remarkable operator inequalities. For instance, if the matrix

A

\mathbb {A}

is partitioned into three blocks

A
,
B
,
C

A,B,C

, then
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartLayout 1st Row StartAbsoluteValue double-struck upper A EndAbsoluteValue cubed greater-than-or-equal-to upper U StartAbsoluteValue upper A EndAbsoluteValue cubed upper U Superscript asterisk Baseline plus upper V StartAbsoluteValue upper B EndAbsoluteValue cubed upper V Superscript asterisk Baseline plus upper W StartAbsoluteValue upper C EndAbsoluteValue cubed upper W Superscript asterisk Baseline comma 2nd Row StartRoot 3 EndRoot StartAbsoluteValue double-struck upper A EndAbsoluteValue greater-than-or-equal-to upper U StartAbsoluteValue upper A EndAbsoluteValue upper U Superscript asterisk Baseline plus upper V StartAbsoluteValue upper B EndAbsoluteValue upper V Superscript asterisk Baseline plus upper W StartAbsoluteValue upper C EndAbsoluteValue upper W Superscript asterisk Baseline comma EndLayout">

|

A

|

3

≥
U

|

A

|

3

U
∗

+
V

|

B

|

3

V
∗

+
W

|

C

|

3

W
∗

,

3

|

A

|

≥
U

|

A

|

U
∗

+
V

|

B

|

V
∗

+
W

|

C

|

W
∗

,

\begin{gather*} |\mathbb {A}|^3 \ge U|A|^3U^* + V|B|^3V^*+ W|C|^3W^*,\\ \sqrt {3} |\mathbb {A}| \ge U|A|U^* + V|B|V^*+ W|C|W^*, \end{gather*}

for some isometries

U
,
V
,
W

U,V,W

, and
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mu 4 squared left-parenthesis double-struck upper A right-parenthesis less-than-or-equal-to mu 3 squared left-parenthesis upper A right-parenthesis plus mu 2 squared left-parenthesis upper B right-parenthesis plus mu 1 squared left-parenthesis upper C right-parenthesis">

μ
4
2

(

A

)
≤

μ
3
2

(
A
)
+

μ
2
2

(
B
)
+

μ
1
2

(
C
)

\begin{equation*} \mu _4^2(\mathbb {A}) \le \mu _3^2(A) +\mu _2^2(B) + \mu _1^2(C) \end{equation*}

where

μ
j

\mu _j

stands for the

j
j

-th singular value. Our theorem may be used to extend a result by Bhatia and Kittaneh for the Schatten

p
p

-norms and to give a singular value version of Cauchy’s Interlacing Theorem.
General triviality for counterfactuals
Authors: Santorio Paolo
Published: June 2021

On an influential line of thinking tracing back to Ramsey, conditionals are closely linked to the attitude of supposition. When applied to counterfactuals, this view suggests a subjunctive version of the so-called Ramsey test: the probability of a counterfactual If A, would B ought to be equivalent to the probability of B, under the subjunctive supposition that A. I present a collapse result for any view that endorses the subjunctive version of the Ramsey test. Starting from plausible assumptions, the result shows that one’s rational credence in a would-counterfactual and in the corresponding might-counterfactual have to be identical.
Fast numerical optimization for genome sequencing data in population biobanks
Authors: Li Ruilin , Chang Christopher , Tanigawa Yosuke , Narasimhan Balasubramanian , Hastie Trevor , Tibshirani Robert , Rivas Manuel A
Published: June 2021

Motivation

Large-scale and high-dimensional genome sequencing data poses computational challenges. General-purpose optimization tools are usually not optimal in terms of computational and memory performance for genetic data.

Results

We develop two efficient solvers for optimization problems arising from large-scale regularized regressions on millions of genetic variants sequenced from hundreds of thousands of individuals. These genetic variants are encoded by the values in the set {0,1,2,NA}. We take advantage of this fact and use two bits to represent each entry in a genetic matrix, which reduces memory requirement by a factor of 32 compared to a double precision floating point representation. Using this representation, we implemented an iteratively reweighted least square algorithm to solve Lasso regressions on genetic matrices, which we name snpnet-2.0. When the dataset contains many rare variants, the predictors can be encoded in a sparse matrix. We utilize the sparsity in the predictor matrix to further reduce memory requirement and computational speed. Our sparse genetic matrix implementation uses both the compact two-bit representation and a simplified version of compressed sparse block format so that matrix-vector multiplications can be effectively parallelized on multiple CPU cores. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this representation, we implement an accelerated proximal gradient method to solve group Lasso on these sparse genetic matrices. This solver is named sparse-snpnet, and will also be included as part of snpnet R package. Our implementation is able to solve Lasso and group Lasso, linear, logistic and Cox regression problems on sparse genetic matrices that contain 1 000 000 variants and almost 100 000 individuals within 10 min and using less than 32GB of memory.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/rivas-lab/snpnet/tree/compact.
‘The World Is Very Competitive and Cruel, You Won’t Get Any Special Treatment’: Social Work and Youth Policy Discourses in the Neoliberal Era
Authors: Vager-Atias Einat , Krumer-Nevo Michal
Published: June 2021

Young people from ethnic minority groups are at the centre of public concern in modern societies. This article presents the findings of a qualitative study that critically examines the discourses of thirty-three social workers who work with young people of Ethiopian ethnic origin in Israel. The findings reveal three key discourses: the social inclusion discourse, the meritocracy discourse and the social conflict discourse. Alongside the dominance of conservative discourses and neoliberal perceptions of youth and sociocultural group relationships, the findings reveal the existence of a competing critical discourse. The discussion offers a critical and contextual analysis of the field of social work with youth as the basis for a renewed discussion of basic assumptions, values, professional role perceptions and work directions. It notes the critical models that recognise and oppose oppression as an alternative to policymaking, training and practice processes regarding young people from social minority groups.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with continuous renal replacement therapy for the treatment of severe burns: current status and challenges
Authors: Song Huapei , Yuan Zhiqiang , Peng Yizhi , Luo Gaoxing
Published: June 2021

Severe burns often cause various systemic complications and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, which is the main cause of death. The lungs and kidneys are vulnerable organs in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after burns. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) have been gradually applied in clinical practice and are beneficial for severe burn patients with refractory respiratory failure or renal dysfunction. However, the literature on ECMO combined with CRRT for the treatment of severe burns is limited. Here, we focus on the current status of ECMO combined with CRRT for the treatment of severe burns and the associated challenges, including the timing of treatment, nutrition support, heparinization and wound management, catheter-related infection and drug dosing in CRRT. With the advancement of medical technology, ECMO combined with CRRT will be further optimized to improve the outcomes of patients with severe burns.
Analysis of site-specific glycan profiles of serum proteins in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder—a pilot study
Authors: Ip Peng Peng , Li Qiongyu , Lin Wei-Han , Chang Chien-Ching , Fann Cathy Shen-Jang , Chen Huan-Yuan , Liu Fu-Tong , Lebrilla Carlito B , Yang Chih-Chao , Liao Fang
Published: June 2021

Glycosylation is important for biological functions of proteins and greatly affected by diseases. Exploring the glycosylation profile of the protein-specific glycosylation and/or the site-specific glycosylation may help understand disease etiology, differentiate diseases and ultimately develop therapeutics. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are sometimes difficult to differentiate due to the similarity in their clinical symptoms. The disease-related glycosylation profiles of MS and NMOSD have not yet been well studied. Here, we analyzed site-specific glycan profiles of serum proteins of these patients by using a recently developed mass spectrometry technique. A total of 286 glycopeptides from 49 serum glycoproteins were quantified and compared between healthy controls (n = 6), remitting MS (n = 45) and remitting NMOSD (n = 23) patients. Significant differences in the levels of site-specific N-glycans on inflammation-associated components [IgM, IgG1, IgG2, complement components 8b (CO8B) and attractin], central nerve system-damage-related serum proteins [apolipoprotein D (APOD), alpha-1-antitrypsin, plasma kallikrein and ADAMTS-like protein 3] were observed among three study groups. We furthered demonstrated that site-specific N-glycans on APOD on site 98, CO8B on sites 243 and 553 are potential markers to differentiate MS from NMOSD with an area under receiver operating curve value > 0.75. All these observations indicate that remitting MS or NMOSD patients possess a unique disease-associated glyco-signature in their serum proteins. We conclude that monitoring one’s serum protein glycan profile using this high-throughput analysis may provide an additional diagnostic criterion for differentiating diseases, monitoring disease status and estimating response-to-treatment effect.
Health concerns regarding malnutrition among the older populations: considerations from a Slovenian perspective
Authors: Brglez Monika , Plazar Nadja , Poklar Vatovec Tamara , Meulenberg Cécil J W
Published: June 2021

Diet is an important factor in a healthy lifestyle for all age groups. However, with aging it is important to be aware that the diet, due to changed physiology, needs an accordingly adjusted and balanced daily regime. This article reviews the field of older population’s nutrition and presents: the most common nutritional disorders, causes, demographics and malnutrition measurement tools. Relevant scientific literature as well as professional Slovenian papers were identified through specific searches with topic-related keywords in EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science and COBISS databases. The results of the identified papers are subsequently discussed in a descriptive narrative. The reviewed literature shows noticeable trends of high proportions of malnutrition among older persons, both globally and in Slovenia: predominantly observed are overnutrition like overweight and obese, but as well, and often unnoticed, undernutrition. The latter is more worrying, as inadequate knowledge in health care institutions regarding nutritional screening tools and measures to prevent drastic forms of undernutrition, seem to facilitate these trends. Though there are many reasons for insufficient food intake in older people, the article formulates considerations that can feed appropriate education and awareness programs, and through correct screening point to timely identification of malnourished individuals and those with risk of malnutrition. The promotion and implementation of such considerations could prevent malnutrition among the older population, reduce the frequency of nutritional disorders and co-morbidities, and generally improve the nutritional status of the older population, thus, provide better quality of health later in life.
Failure properties of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms with dysfunctional tricuspid aortic valves
Authors: Sokolis Dimitrios P , Angouras Dimitrios C
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES

Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAAs) often coexist with dysfunctional tricuspid aortic valves (TAVs). How valvular pathology relates to the aortic wall mechanical properties requires detailed examination.

METHODS

Intact-wall and layer-specific mechanical properties from 40 and 21 patients with TAV-ATAAs, respectively, were studied using uniaxial tensile testing, longitudinally and circumferentially. Failure stress (tensile strength), failure stretch (extensibility) and peak elastic modulus (stiffness) measurements, along with histological assays of thickness and elastin/collagen contents, were compared among patients with no valvular pathology (NVP), aortic stenosis (AS) or aortic insufficiency (AI).

RESULTS

Intact-wall stiffness longitudinally and medial strength and stiffness, in either direction, were significantly lower in AI patients than in AS and NVP patients. Intact-wall/medial thickness and extensibility in either direction were significantly lower in AS patients than in AI and NVP patients. In contrast, intact-wall/medial stiffness circumferentially was significantly higher in AS patients than in NVP patients, consistent with the significantly increased medial collagen in AS patients. Failure properties and medial thickness and elastin/collagen contents were significantly lower (more impaired) in females. The left lateral was the thickest quadrant in NVP patients, but the 4 quadrants were equally thick in AS and AI patients. There were significant differences in strength and stiffness among quadrants, which varied however in the 3 patient groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The aortic wall load-bearing capacity was impaired in patients with ATAA in the presence of TAV stenosis or insufficiency. These findings lend biomechanical support to the current guidelines suggesting lower thresholds for elective ascending aorta replacement in cases of aortic valve surgery.
The Picard Group of the Moduli Space of Sheaves on a Quadric Surface
Authors: Pedchenko Dmitrii
Published: June 2021

We study the Picard group of the moduli space of semistable sheaves on a smooth quadric surface. We polarize the surface by an ample divisor close to the anticanonical class. We focus especially on moduli spaces of sheaves of small discriminant, where we observe new and interesting behavior. Our method relies on constructing certain resolutions for semistable sheaves and applying techniques of geometric invariant theory to the resulting families of sheaves.
Pre-Lie Pairs and Triviality of the Lie Bracket on the Twisted Hairy Graph Complexes
Authors: Willwacher Thomas
Published: June 2021

We study pre-Lie pairs, by which we mean a pair of a homotopy Lie algebra and a pre-Lie algebra with a compatible pre-Lie action. Such pairs provide a wealth of algebraic structure, which in particular can be used to analyze the homotopy Lie part of the pair. Our main application and the main motivation for this development are the dg Lie algebras of hairy graphs computing the rational homotopy groups of the mapping spaces of the little disks operads. We show that twisting with certain Maurer–Cartan elements trivializes their Lie algebra structure. The result can be used to understand the rational homotopy type of many connected components of these mapping spaces.
Patient-led data sharing for clinical bioinformatics research: USCDI and beyond
Authors: Gordon William J , Gottlieb Daniel , Kreda David , Mandel Joshua C , Mandl Kenneth D , Kohane Isaac S
Published: June 2021

The 21st Century Cures Act, passed in 2016, and the Final Rules it called for create a roadmap for enabling patient access to their electronic health information. The set of data to be made available, as determined by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT through the US Core Data for Interoperability expansion process, will impact the value creation of this improved data liquidity. In this commentary, we look at the potential for significant value creation from USCDI in the context of clinical bioinformatics research and advocate for the research community’s involvement in the USCDI process to propel this value creation forward. We also describe 1 mechanism—using existing required APIs for full data export capabilities—that could pragmatically enable this value creation at minimal additional technical lift beyond the current regulatory requirements.