bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TIME-DELAY MULTISCALE MULTIFRACTAL DETRENDED PARTIAL CROSS-CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF HIGH-FREQUENCY STOCK SERIES
Authors: GU DANLEI , LIN AIJING
Published: March 2021

To study the time-delay multiscale partial cross-correlation between the high-frequency stock series SSEC and SZSE in the Chinese stock market, this paper proposes a new partial cross-correlation exponent, namely the [Formula: see text]-order time-delay multiscale partial cross-correlation exponent (denoted by [Formula: see text]). We integrate the time-delay factor and the multiscale range fluctuation function into partial cross-correlation analysis. Numerical experiments show that the newly proposed exponent [Formula: see text] can be used to detect the partial cross-correlation of two time series with time delay. After excluding the influence of other stock indexes, we found that the persistence and multifractal characteristics between SSEC and SZSE have become stronger. Among them, the American high-frequency stock series has a greater impact on the two Chinese stocks than the Asian high-frequency stock series. Comparing the methods of time-delay multiscale multifractal detrended partial cross-correlation analysis method (time-delay MM-DPXA) and time-delay multiscale multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis method (time-delay MM-DCCA), we find that cross-correlation and partial cross-correlation have different properties on different time scales and different time delays.
A FRACTAL MODEL FOR EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF DUAL-POROSITY MEDIA WITH RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED TREE-LIKE NETWORKS
Authors: ZHANG JUN , WANG YIZHI , LOU GANG , KOU JIANLONG
Published: March 2021

It is very difficult to characterize the transport properties of porous media due to the disorder of pores distribution in porous media. In this paper, we study heat conduction through porous media with randomly fractures which are considered as tree-like networks. An expression for effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of saturated dual-porosity media is derived based on the fractal characteristics of pores diameter and fractures size. It is shown that the ETC is a function of structure parameters of the fractal dimension ([Formula: see text]), the porosity ([Formula: see text]), the tortuous fractal dimension ([Formula: see text]) and the maximum diameter ([Formula: see text]) for the porous matrix; the fractal dimension ([Formula: see text]), the porosity ([Formula: see text]), the maximum diameter ([Formula: see text]), the diameter ratio ([Formula: see text]), the length ratio ([Formula: see text]) and the branching levels (n) for the fracture networks. The dependence of structure parameters on the ETC is studied in detail. The results of our model are compared with the available experiments, which show good agreement. The proposed model for the ETC does not contain empirical parameters. The model is useful for predicting the heat conduction of materials.
Donor-acceptor conjugates derived from cobalt porphyrin and fullerene via metal-ligand axial coordination: Formation and excited state charge separation
Authors: Subedi Dili R. , Jang Youngwoo , Ganesan Ashwin , Schoellhorn Sydney , Reid Ryan , Verbeck Guido F. , D’Souza Francis
Published: March 2021

Two types of cobalt porphyrins, viz., meso-tetrakis(tolylporphyrinato)cobalt(II), (TTP)Co (1), and meso-tetrakis(triphenylamino porphyrinato)cobalt(II), [(TPA)4P]Co, (2) were self-assembled via metal-ligand axial coordination of phenyl imidazole functionalized fulleropyrrolidine, ImC[Formula: see text] to form a new series of donor–acceptor constructs. A 1:2 complex formation with ImC[Formula: see text] was established in the case of (TTP)Co while for [(TPA)4P]Co only a 1:1 complex was possible to positively identify. The binding constants [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for step-wise addition of ImC[Formula: see text] to (TTP)Co were found to be 1.07 × 105 and 3.20 × 104 M[Formula: see text], respectively. For [(TPA)4P]Co:ImC[Formula: see text], the measured [Formula: see text] values was found to be 6.48 × 104 M[Formula: see text], slightly smaller than that observed for (TTP)Co. Although both cobalt porphyrins were non-fluorescent, they were able to quench the fluorescence of ImC[Formula: see text] indicating occurrence of excited state events in the supramolecular donor-acceptor complexes. Electrochemistry coupled with spectroelectrochemistry, revealed the formation of cobalt(III) porphyrin cation instead of a cobalt(II) porphyrin radical cation, as the main product, during oxidation of phenyl imidazole coordinated cobalt porphyrin. With the help of computational and electrochemical results, an energy level diagram was constructed to witness excited state photo-events. Competitive energy and electron transfer from excited CoP to coordinated ImC[Formula: see text], and electron transfer from Im1C[Formula: see text]* to cobalt(II) porphyrin resulting into the formation of PCo[Formula: see text]:ImC[Formula: see text] charge separated state was possible to envision from the energy diagram. Finally, using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and data analysis by Glotaran, it was possible to establish sequential occurrence of energy transfer and charge separation processes. The lifetime of the final charge separated state was [Formula: see text] 2 ns. A slightly better charge stabilization was observed in the case of [(TPA)4P]Co:ImC[Formula: see text] due to the presence of electron rich, peripheral triphenylamine substituents on the cobalt porphyrin.
Crystal Alignment Technology of Electrode Material for Enhancing Electrochemical Performance in Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Kim Cham , Yang Yeokyung , Lopez David Humberto
Published: March 2021

The crystal alignment technology of lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2) is proposed using its magnetic properties. The crystalline LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 exhibits the paramagnetic behavior at room temperature as well as the magnetic anisotropy originated from its crystallographic anisotropy. If the crystalline LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 is exposed to a magnetic field, it can tend to rotate to an angle minimizing its system energy due to spontaneous magnetization. Taking these magnetic natures into account, the vector quantity of an external magnetic field (i.e., magnetic flux density and field direction) is adjusted to apply to a viscous LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 slurry coated onto a current collector; thus, the crystal aligned LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 electrode is obtained, in which the (00 l) plane is notably oriented perpendicular to the surface of a current collector. The aligned LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 electrode consistently records superior electrochemical performance to a pristine LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 electrode because the former demonstrates an improved capability of lithium ion transport during the charge/discharge process in a lithium ion battery. The aligned LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 is considered to have the improved transport capability because the kinetics of lithium ion transport in LiNi
x
Mn
y
Co1-(x+y)O2 intrinsically occurs along the (00 l) plane.
Communication—Reduction of DC Resistance of Ni-Rich Lithium Transition Metal Oxide Cathode by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Shi Yang , Xing Yingjie , Kim Kitae , Yu Taehwan , Lipson Albert L. , Dameron Arrelaine , Connell Justin G.
Published: March 2021

A coating using Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 was applied to Ni-rich lithium transition metal oxide cathode material. This ALD coating reduces the DC resistance (DCR) and increases the cycling performance of the Ni-rich cathode. The reduced DCR comes from decreased solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) resistance on the anode, which is attributed to reduced transition metal deposition. This is due to the ALD coating preventing the direct contact between the cathode and the electrolyte, and therefore inhibits transition metal dissolution. This study suggests the promise of using ALD coating to reduce the DCR of Ni-rich cathode materials.
Methodology Evaluation for The Pre-Dissolving Step in One-Dimensional Pit Experiments: Can We Avoid Lacy Cover Formation?
Authors: Wang Ke , Salasi Mobin , Iannuzzi Mariano
Published: March 2021

In this work, the methods used for the pre-dissolving step in one-dimensional (1D) pit experiments have been investigated in combination with a “sandwich” like 1D pit electrode, which enabled the in situ and ex situ visualization of pit depth. The proposed methodology avoided lacy cover formation during the pre-dissolving step for a Type 316L stainless steel 1D electrode placed upright. In contrast, it was challenging to avoid lacy cover formation with the proposed method when the 1D pit electrode was placed facing down, plausibly caused by accelerated convection effects inside the pits.
Corrosion Resistance of Finer/Coarser Pearlitic Structures of Carbon Steel
Authors: Murase Yoshiharu , Masuda Hiroyuki , Katayama Hideki
Published: March 2021

Corrosion performance on pearlite structures of carbon steels has been researched using scanning Kevin probe force microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The corrosion test was conducted by immersing in borate buffer solution containing NaCl. In the coarser pearlite structure, we detected an increase in the Volta potential at pearlitic cementite–ferrite boundaries after corrosion, in accordance with the following: increasing C concentration, and decreasing Mn concentration. We detected little change in the Volta potential and inorganic element concentrations in the finer pearlite structures. Crack-like trenches, with a depth less than several nanometers, formed along the boundaries where the Volta potential increased in the coarser pearlite structures. We demonstrated the importance of the concentration of inorganic elements (such as Mn and C) in promoting the initiation of corrosion, and higher corrosion susceptibility for the coarser pearlite structures.
Biomimetic microsystems for cardiovascular studies
Authors: Inbody Shelby C. , Sinquefield Bridgett E. , Lewis Joshua P. , Horton Renita E.
Published: March 2021

Traditional tissue culture platforms have been around for several decades and have enabled key findings in the cardiovascular field. However, these platforms failed to recreate the mechanical and dynamic features found within the body. Organs-on-chips (OOCs) are cellularized microfluidic-based devices that can mimic the basic structure, function, and responses of organs. These systems have been successfully utilized in disease, development, and drug studies. OOCs are designed to recapitulate the mechanical, electrical, chemical, and structural features of the in vivo microenvironment. Here, we review cardiovascular-themed OOC studies, design considerations, and techniques used to generate these cellularized devices. Furthermore, we will highlight the advantages of OOC models over traditional cell culture vessels, discuss implementation challenges, and provide perspectives on the state of the field.
Colon epithelial cell TGFβ signaling modulates the expression of tight junction proteins and barrier function in mice
Authors: Marincola Smith Paula , Choksi Yash A. , Markham Nicholas O. , Hanna David N. , Zi Jinghuan , Weaver Connie J. , Hamaamen Jalal A. , Lewis Keeli B. , Yang Jing , Liu Qi , Kaji Izumi , Means Anna L. , Beauchamp R. Daniel
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate that canonical TGFβ family signaling modulates the expression of critical tight junction proteins in colon epithelial cells, and that expression of these tight junction proteins is associated with maintenance of colon epithelial barrier function in mice.
Blockade of PD-1 decreases neutrophilic inflammation and lung damage in experimental COPD
Authors: Ritzmann Felix , Borchardt Kai , Vella Giovanna , Chitirala Praneeth , Angenendt Adrian , Herr Christian , Menger Michael D. , Hoth Markus , Lis Annette , Bohle Rainer M. , Bals Robert , Beisswenger Christoph
Published: March 2021

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and lung cancer are both caused by smoking and often occur as comorbidity. The programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis is an important canonic immunoregulatory pathway, and antibodies that specifically block PD-1 or PD-L1 have demonstrated efficacy as therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer. The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the pathogenesis of COPD is unknown. Here, we analyzed the function of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in preclinical COPD models and evaluated the concentrations of PD-1 and PD-L1 in human serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids as biomarkers for COPD. Anti-PD-1 treatment decreased lung damage and neutrophilic inflammation in mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Ex vivo stimulated macrophages obtained from anti-PD-1-treated mice released reduced amounts of inflammatory cytokines. PD-L1 concentrations correlated positively with PD-1 concentrations in human serum and BAL fluids. Lung sections obtained from patients with COPD stained positive for PD-L1. Our data indicate that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is involved in developing inflammation and tissue destruction in COPD. Inflammation-induced activation of the PD-1 pathway may contribute to disease progression.
Neurostructural changes and declining sensorimotor function due to cerebellar cortical degeneration
Authors: Draganova Rossitza , Pfaffenrot Viktor , Steiner Katharina M. , Göricke Sophia L. , Elangovan Naveen , Timmann Dagmar , Konczak Jürgen
Published: March 2021

NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Neurodegeneration of the cerebellum progresses over years and primarily affects cerebellar cortex. It leads to a progressive loss of control and coordination of movement. We here show that the neurodegenerative process not only leads to cells loss in cerebellar cortex but also induces neurostructural changes in the form of increased gray matter in the efferent targets of the cerebellar cortex, namely, the cerebellar output nuclei, the SMA, and premotor cortex.
Fragmentation Pattern and Removal Mechanism of Concrete Subjected to Abrasive Water Jet Impact
Authors: Liu Jialiang , Zhu Yujie , Xue Yongzhi , Sun Hao
Published: March 2021

Abrasive water jet (AWJ) breaking technology is suitable for the maintenance and repair of concrete structures, generating minimal dust, low tool wear, and no vibrations or selective destruction. The failure features and mechanisms of concrete subjected to AWJ impact are fundamental issues of AWJ breaking technology, which are also related to the safety and quality of engineering construction. Based on computed tomography (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and image processing technology, this paper studied the fragmentation pattern and removal mechanism of concrete under AWJ impact. The general failure characteristics and crack propagation law of concrete subjected to AWJ impact were described through AWJ impact concrete tests. The spatial distribution of damage in concrete subjected to AWJ impact can be divided into the intensive action zone, the transition zone, and the weak action zone. The removal mechanism of AWJ was discussed by comparing the impact performance of a pure water jet (PWJ) system. The results indicate that abrasive particles can cause cliff‐shaped fracture and lip‐shaped distortion in the aggregate part and flat fracture surface in the matrix part. There is no obvious crack in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) due to the weakening of the water wedge effect.
Lane Detection Based on Adaptive Network of Receptive Field
Authors: Cai YuFan , Zhang YanYan , Pan ChengSheng
Published: March 2021

The difficulty of lane detection lies in the imbalance of the number of target pixels and background pixels. The sparse target distribution misleads the neural network to pay more attention to background segmentation in order to obtain a better loss convergence result. This makes it difficult for some models to detect lane line pixels and leads to the training fail (unable to output useful lane information). Increasing receptive field properly can enlarge the sphere of action between pixels, so as to restrain this trouble. Moreover, the interference information and noise existing in the real environment increase the difficulty of lane classification, such as vehicle occlusion, car glass reflection, and tree shadow. In this paper, we do think that the features obtained by the reasonable combination of receptive fields can help avoid oversegmentation of the image, so that most of the interference information can be filtered out. Based on this idea, Adaptive Receptive Field Net (ARFNet) is proposed to solve the problem of receptive field combination with the help of multireceptive field aggregation layers and scoring mechanism. This paper explains the working principle of ARFNet and analyzes several results of experiments, which are carried out to adjust network structure parameters in order to get better effects in the CuLane dataset testing.
Reconstructive Challenges of Distal Tibia Bone Tumors: Extracorporeally Irradiated Autograft Combined with a Nonvascularized Autograft Fibula for Superior Reconstruction and Functional Outcomes When Compared to Ipsilateral Pedicled Fibula Transfer Alone
Authors: Gundavda Manit K. , Agarwal Manish G. , Reddy Rajeev , Bary Ashik
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Traditionally, centralization of the fibula with fusion across the tibiotalar joint has been used to reconstruct distal tibial defects. Although effective, it requires long periods of protected weight-bearing. The fibula or the fixation often fails before fibular hypertrophy necessitating multiple additional surgeries. A method of using ECRT with the available ipsilateral fibula (nonvascularized) to reconstruct the distal tibia defect with the aim of early return to weight-bearing was evolved. This paper documents our early experience. Patients and Methods. Four patients; with the diagnosis of osteosarcoma in 3 patients and recurrent giant cell tumor of the bone in 1 patient, underwent resection of the distal tibia for tumors between 2017 and 2019. Extracorporeally irradiated (50 Gy) distal tibia along with ipsilateral nonvascularized fibula was used to bridge the defect and fuse the tibiotalar joint. A plate was used to rigidly hold the construct. The final outcome was compared to the historical control group that underwent only pedicled ipsilateral fibula transposition and ankle arthrodesis without recycled autograft or allograft between 2009 and 2017. Oncological reconstruction and functional outcomes were compared for each group. Patient reported outcomes on the acceptability of ankle fusion; cosmesis and function were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results. The mean resection length in the study group (4 patients) was 7.75 cm (7 to 8.5 cm). As compared to the historical cohort of 7 patients, the study population showed statistically superior results in all reconstruction, functional, and patient-reported outcomes except time to proximal junction union (

p
=
0.068

). There were no reconstruction failures, infection, or nonunions in the study group, whereas the control comparative group had 2 proximal junction nonunions and a mean time to fibular hypertrophy of 143 weeks (82 to 430 weeks) with fibula centralization. Earlier weight-bearing was allowed (mean 26.75 weeks; median 27 weeks) compared to (mean 80.75 weeks; median 80 weeks) in the control group. Conclusion. We think that ECRT with ipsilateral vascularized fibula is a promising method of reconstructing the distal tibia. The recycled autograft tibia added strength to the distal tibia construct in our study and aided the anatomical reconstruction of the distal tibia. The patient-reported outcomes for cosmesis and acceptability add to the benefits of performing this procedure. Consistent early union across the proximal junction and earlier weight-bearing were clear advantages of this method.
Empirical Likelihood for Partially Linear Single-Index Models under Negatively Associated Errors
Authors: Qi Xin , Yu ZhuoXi
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the authors consider the application of the blockwise empirical likelihood method to the partially linear single-index model when the errors are negatively associated, which often exist in sequentially collected economic data. Thereafter, the blockwise empirical likelihood ratio statistic for the parameters of interest is proved to be asymptotically chi-squared. Hence, it can be directly used to construct confidence regions for the parameters of interest. A few simulation experiments are used to illustrate our proposed method.
Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs9891119 of STAT3 Gene and the Genetic Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Han Population from Guangdong
Authors: Yu Haibing , Xu Xuyun , Huang Jialu , Xu Jian , Liu Hao , Xie Yuxun , Lin Chunwen , Pan Congcong , Kong Danli , Ding Yuanlin
Published: March 2021

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9891119 of the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) gene and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population from the Guangdong province. Objective. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism rs9891119 of STAT3 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which provides a basis for molecular genetic research on the pathogenesis of T2DM in Chinese Han population. Methods. In our case-control study, the SNP rs9891119 was picked out from the STAT3 gene and the SNP genotyping was performed by using the SNPscan™ kit in 1092 patients with type 2 diabetes as cases and 1092 normal persons as controls. The distributions of genotype and allele frequencies in two groups were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results. Our results showed that the alleles of A and C of rs9891119 of the STAT3 gene were 54.3 and 45.7% in patients with type 2 diabetes, while 55.5% and 44.5% in the normal persons, which have no statistical significance

P
>
0.05

. There were also no significant differences in AA, AC, and CC genotype frequencies between type 2 diabetes patients and normal persons. There were no significant differences in codominant, dominant, recessive, and overdominant genetic models of SNP rs9891119 before and after adjusting the covariant factors

P
>
0.05

. Conclusions. Therefore, genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes may be not associated with SNP rs9891119 of the STAT3 gene in Chinese Han population from the Guangdong province.
Two Paediatric Patients with Encephalopathy and Concurrent COVID-19 Infection: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Authors: Vraka Katerina , Ram Dipak , West Siobhan , Chia Wei Yen Evelyn , Kurup Praveen , Subramanian Gayathri , Tan Hui Jeen
Published: March 2021

There is increasing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 has neurotropic potential. We report on two paediatric patients who presented with encephalopathy during COVID-19 illness. Both patients had ADEM-like changes in their neuroimaging, negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA PCR in CSF, and paucity of PIMS-TS laboratory findings. However, the first patient was positive for serum MOG antibodies with normal CSF analysis, and the second had negative MOG antibodies but showed significant CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis. We concluded that the first case was a typical case of demyelination, which could have been triggered by different cofactors. In the second case, however, we postulated that the encephalopathic process was triggered by SARS-CoV-2, as no other cause was identified. With these two contrasting cases, we provide evidence that SARS-CoV-2-associated encephalitis can show ADEM-like changes, which can present during the postinfectious phase of COVID-19 illness. As ADEM is a relatively common type of postinfectious encephalitis in children, the distinguishing line between the two conditions of encephalitis and ADEM can be relatively fine. The development of more reliable diagnostic tools (e.g., anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in CSF) might play an assisting role in the differentiation of these encephalopathic processes.
Gradient‐Sensitive Optimization for Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Feng Rui , Li Xiuhan , Wang Wei , Wu Xiaoling
Published: March 2021

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective models for image classification and recognition. Gradient descent optimization (GD) is the basic algorithm for CNN model optimization. Since GD appeared, a series of improved algorithms have been derived. Among these algorithms, adaptive moment estimation (Adam) has been widely recognized. However, local changes are ignored in Adam to some extent. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive learning rate factor based on current and recent gradients. According to this factor, we can dynamically adjust the learning rate of each independent parameter to adaptively adjust the global convergence process. We use the factor to adjust the learning rate for each parameter. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proven by using the regret bound approach of the online learning framework. In the experimental section, comparisons are conducted between the proposed algorithm and other existing algorithms, such as AdaGrad, RMSprop, Adam, diffGrad, and AdaHMG, on test functions and the MNIST dataset. The results show that Adam and RMSprop combined with our algorithm can not only find the global minimum faster in the experiment using the test function but also have a better convergence curve and higher test set accuracy in experiments using datasets. Our algorithm is a supplement to the existing gradient descent algorithms, which can be combined with many other existing gradient descent algorithms to improve the efficiency of iteration, speed up the convergence of the cost function, and improve the final recognition rate.
Bond Behavior between Concrete and Self‐Expansion Polymer Material under Normal Pressures
Authors: Li Xinxin , Wang Fuming , Fang Hongyuan , Zheng Dan , Fu Yingchun
Published: March 2021

Self‐expansion polymer grouting technology is a new rapid trenchless method for repairing leakage and subsidence of underground concrete structures. The bond between polymer and concrete is critical to determine the ultimate conditions of repaired concrete. In this paper, a series of direct shear tests were performed to investigate the influence of normal pressure on the shear bond properties between self‐expansion polymer and concrete with different polymer density and concrete strength. Results indicate that failure modes and bond strength are greatly influenced by the normal pressure for specimens with a lower polymer density. For a given normal pressure, the bond strength linearly increases with the increasing polymer density. As the polymer density increased up to 0.43 g/cm3, the increased ratio decreases with the polymer density. Moreover, the displacement at the peak point reduces with an increase in polymer density. Finally, a finite element model is proposed to evaluate the bond strength for specimen failure in concrete and verified with the test results.
ARHGEF10L Promotes Cervical Tumorigenesis via RhoA-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Tang Junyi , Fang Kehua , Li Chang , Chang Xiaotian
Published: March 2021

Background. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10-like protein (ARHGEF10L) is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor family, which regulates Rho GTPase activities, thus contributing to tumorigenesis. Our previous study demonstrated a strong association between the ARHGEF10L gene and the risk of cervical carcinoma. This study investigated the pathogenic role and mechanism of ARHGEF10L in cervical tumors. Methods. The HeLa cell line, which was derived from cervical carcinoma, was transfected with ARHGEF10L-overexpressing plasmids or anti-ARHGEF10L siRNA. Cell counting kit-8 assays, wound-healing assays, and cell apoptosis assays were performed to investigate the effects of ARHGEF10L on cell activities. A Rho pull-down assay and RNA-sequencing analysis were performed to investigate the pathogenic pathway of ARHGEF10L involvement in cervical tumors. Results. ARHGEF10L overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration, reduced cell apoptosis, and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin and Slug in transfected HeLa cells. The overexpression of ARHGEF10L also upregulated GTP-RhoA, ROCK1, and phospho-ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) expression in HeLa cells. RNA-sequencing analysis detected altered transcription of 31 genes in HeLa cells with ARHGEF10L overexpression. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) pathway analyses identified significant differences in cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity, cell responses to vitamin A, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Both real-time PCR and Western blotting verified the increased expression of heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 (HSPA6) in ARHGEF10L-overexpressing HeLa cells. Since we reported that ARHGEF10L played a role through RhoA-ROCK1-ERM signaling, an important pathway in tumorigenesis, and stimulated EMT and HSPA6 expression in liver tumors and gastric tumor cells, we suggest that ARHGEF10L is a novel oncogene in many tumors.
Identification of a 5-Gene-Based Scoring System by WGCNA and LASSO to Predict Prognosis for Rectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Huang He , Xu Shilei , Chen Aidong , Li Fen , Wu Jiezhong , Tu Xusheng , Hu Kunpeng
Published: March 2021

Background. Although accumulating evidence suggested that a molecular signature panel may be more effective for the prognosis prediction than routine clinical characteristics, current studies mainly focused on colorectal or colon cancers. No reports specifically focused on the signature panel for rectal cancers (RC). Our present study was aimed at developing a novel prognostic signature panel for RC. Methods. Sequencing (or microarray) data and clinicopathological details of patients with RC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-READ) or the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE123390, GSE56699) database. A weighted gene coexpression network was used to identify RC-related modules. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was performed to screen the prognostic signature panel. The prognostic performance of the risk score was evaluated by survival curve analyses. Functions of prognostic genes were predicted based on the interaction proteins and the correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) tool was utilized to validate the protein expression levels. Results. A total of 247 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly identified using TCGA and GSE123390 datasets. Brown and yellow modules (including 77 DEGs) were identified to be preserved for RC. Five DEGs (ASB2, GPR15, PRPH, RNASE7, and TCL1A) in these two modules constituted the optimal prognosis signature panel. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis than those in the low-risk group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that this risk score had high predictive accuracy for unfavorable prognosis, with the area under the ROC curve of 0.915 and 0.827 for TCGA and GSE56699 datasets, respectively. This five-mRNA classifier was an independent prognostic factor. Its predictive accuracy was also higher than all clinical factor models. A prognostic nomogram was developed by integrating the risk score and clinical factors, which showed the highest prognostic power. ASB2, PRPH, and GPR15/TCL1A were predicted to function by interacting with CASQ2/PDK4/EPHA67, PTN, and CXCL12, respectively. TCL1A and GPR15 influenced the infiltration levels of B cells and dendritic cells, while the expression of PRPH was positively associated with the abundance of macrophages. HPA analysis supported the downregulation of PRPH, RNASE7, CASQ2, EPHA6, and PDK4 in RC compared with normal controls. Conclusion. Our immune-related signature panel may be a promising prognostic indicator for RC.
The Role of OCT Angiography in the Assessment of Epiretinal Macular Membrane
Authors: Bacherini Daniela , Dragotto Francesco , Caporossi Tomaso , Lenzetti Chiara , Finocchio Lucia , Savastano Alfonso , Savastano Maria Cristina , Barca Francesco , Dragotto Martina , Vannozzi Lorenzo , Nasini Francesco , Faraldi Francesco , Rizzo Stanislao , Virgili Gianni , Giansanti Fabrizio
Published: March 2021

Background. The aim of this observational study is to assess pre- and postoperative retinochoroidal vascular changes in patients undergoing epiretinal macular membrane (ERM) surgery by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Materials and Methods. 23 eyes affected by ERM and those which underwent phacovitrectomy associated with ERM peeling were enrolled. They were evaluated using structural OCT and OCTA before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results. We found a statistically significant (

p

 < 0.05) increase in the superficial capillary plexus vessel density (VD) from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. We observed a large increase in both the perfusion density (PD) and the VD of the deep capillary plexus between baseline and the 6-month follow-up (

p

 < 0.001). A significant decrease in the VD and PD of the choriocapillaris (CC) from baseline to the 1st month and a significant increase in CC perfusion density at the 6-month follow-up compared to the preoperative value were revealed. The FAZ area and perimeter after surgery significantly increased during the follow-up (

p

 < 0.001) at baseline retinal and choroidal plexi with a lower PD or VD correlated with worse visual acuity (

p

 < 0.05 for all plexi). At baseline and at the 1-month follow-up, a significant correlation was found with the FAZ area and the FAZ perimeter: a smaller FAZ area or a smaller FAZ perimeter was correlated to a lower visual acuity. Before surgery, negative correlations (

p

 < 0.05) were found between the Govetto ERM stages and perfusion density of the SCP and the DCP and between the Govetto stages and vessel density of the DCP. Conclusions. In our study, OCTA detected vascular alterations induced by the presence of the ERM, allowing several correlations with functional data. In these patients, OCTA may be useful to add new potential surgical prognostic factors.
DNA Damage Response Protein CHK2 Regulates Metabolism in Liver Cancer
Authors: Lulli Matteo , Del Coco Laura , Mello Tommaso , Sukowati Caecilia , Madiai Stefania , Gragnani Laura , Forte Paolo , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo , Mazzocca Antonio , Rombouts Krista , Galli Andrea , Carloni Vinicio
Published: March 2021

Defective mitosis with chromosome missegregation can have a dramatic effect on genome integrity by causing DNA damage, activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), and chromosomal instability. Although this is an energy-dependent process, mechanisms linking DDR to cellular metabolism are unknown. Here we show that checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), a central effector of DDR, regulates cellular energy production by affecting glycolysis and mitochondrial functions. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had increased CHK2 mRNA in blood, which was associated with elevated tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites. CHK2 controlled expression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and intervened with mitochondrial functions. DNA damage and CHK2 promoted SDH activity marked by increased succinate oxidation through the TCA cycle; this was confirmed in a transgenic model of HCC with elevated DNA damage. Mitochondrial analysis identified CHK2-controlled expression of SDH as key in sustaining reactive oxygen species production. Cells with DNA damage and elevated CHK2 relied significantly on glycolysis for ATP production due to dysfunctional mitochondria, which was abolished by CHK2 knockdown. This represents a vulnerability created by the DNA damage response that could be exploited for development of new therapies.

Significance:

This study uncovers a link between a central effector of DNA damage response, CHK2, and cellular metabolism, revealing potential therapeutic strategies for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma.
Oncometabolites in Cancer: Current Understanding and Challenges
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Chunzhang
Published: March 2021

Oncometabolites are pathognomonic hallmarks in human cancers, including glioma, leukemia, neuroendocrine tumors, and renal cancer. Oncometabolites are aberrantly accumulated from disrupted Krebs cycle and affect the catalytic activity of α-ketoglutarate–dependent dioxygenases. Oncometabolites indicate distinct cancer-related patterns ranging from oncogenesis and metabolism to therapeutic resistance. Here we discuss the current understanding of oncometabolites as well as the controversies and challenges associated with oncometabolite-driven cancers. New insights into the relationship between cancer and oncometabolites will elucidate novel therapeutic avenues for improved cancer treatment.
Coffee Consumption and Cancer Risk: An Assessment of the Health Implications Based on Recent Knowledge
Authors: Pauwels Ernest K.J. , Volterrani Duccio
Published: March 2021

A significant number of studies suggest that coffee consumption reduces cancer risk. This beneficial effect is usually ascribed to the presence of polyphenolic antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, including caffeine, cafestol, kahweol, and chlorogenic acids. To summarize recent literature on this subject, we performed a bibliographic search in PubMed and Embase over the period January 2005 to December 2020 to identify cohort studies and meta-analysis (with data collection ensuring quality of selected reports) that could provide quantitative data on the relationship between coffee consumption and common cancers. The totality of eligible scientific articles supports the evidence that coffee intake is inversely associated with risk of hepatocellular cancer and, to a slight extent, risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. As to the association with other organs, including the esophagus, pancreas, colorectum, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, and prostate, the results are less clear as reports reveal conflicting results or statistically nonsignificant data. Therefore, this overview does not provide broad-based conclusions. Important uncertainties include general study design, inhomogeneous patient sampling, different statistical analysis (deliberate), misreporting of socioeconomic status, education, coffee-brewing methods, consumption of caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee, smoking habits, and alcohol intake. Clearly, more epidemiologic research needs to be conducted before solid science-based recommendations can be made with regard to coffee consumption.
Electronic Equipment Loads Telemetry in Ferry Ship Passenger Room Based on Long Range Wireless Communication (LoRa)
Authors: Pamungkas Aldian Dwi , Subiyanto Lilik , Arfianto Afif Zuhri , Widodo Hendra Agus , Atmoko Rachmad Andri
Published: March 2021

The development of information technology both software and hardware support development in various fields, especially in the field of electronics. This progress can be used in making automation systems and controlling electronic and electrical components. With the increasing need for system monitoring in real-time, a model that is more than just portable storage can be developed, using telemetry (remote measurement)systems. This research makes a prototype that is used for remote monitoring of electronic equipment telemetry in the passenger space of ferries using wireless communications. Radiofrequency is used for electronic equipment located in the passenger space. The system is made using ACS712 current sensor and ZMPT101B voltage sensor to measure current and voltage monitored by long-range wireless communications (LoRa) to maintain the strength of the amplifier signal and the distance that the LoRa can reach. By utilizing the frequency of the LoRa, it is expected to monitor the load current and voltage generated by electronic equipment in the ferry passenger's passenger space. From the monitoring tool obtained the test results of testing Television with power 27 W and Voltage 19 Volt obtained the percentage of voltage error is 1.09 % and the percentage of current error is 1.15 %.3. Based on the results of the test data, it can be concluded that the current, voltage in the passenger room of the JokoTole KMP ship is fluctuating. This needs to be done monitoring the current load on the ship, especially in the safety alarm system, electronic devices, pumps for the safety of shipping, which at KMP Joko Tole still uses conventional technology and the absence of adequate electrical system data support.
Analysis of Library Visitor Satisfaction Using the Servqual Method
Authors: Agustina Rini , Suprianto Dodit , Cahyo Nandono
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction of library services with the SERVQUAL method based on five dimensions, such as tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurances, and empathy. The satisfaction evaluation of library services is needed because the number of library visitors is increasingly decreasing. This study tries to find out the things that cause the number of library visitors to decrease while knowing what services need to be improved. Based on the results of library service evaluation tests, 68% of visitors said they were not satisfied with library services, with an average value of SERVQUAL (-0.2) from 25 criteria and 105 respondents. This data shows some library services that must be repaired by schools by improving facilities andservices to visitors.
Arqueologia de uma Procissão Antiga: a Prática da πομπή entre Atenas e Elêusis no Período Romano (II - III d.C.)
Authors: Perissato Felipe
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as particularidades da procissão celebrada entre Atenas e Elêusis durante os Mistérios Eleusinos no Período Romano (Séc. II - III d.C.) a partir de evidências constatadas em fontes de diferentes naturezas (textual, topográfica/arquitetônica e epigráfica). Procura-se compreender os aspectos relativos à permanência da tradição ancestral eleusina e identificar inovações próprias dos estratos históricos romanos, cujas evidências podem ser observadas tanto na organização da procissão quanto nas intervenções construtivas dos santuários (Elêusis e o Eleusinion de Atenas) e da via sacra (hierá hodós).
The “Abolition Riot” Redux: Voices, Processes
Authors: Campbell Lyndsay
Published: March 2021

In August 1836, African Americans in Boston dramatically rescued two fugitives from slavery in an episode that demonstrates the interpretive challenges in surviving accounts. As well, the slavecatcher's assumptions around legal procedure suggest that these events may be key background for Prigg v. Pennsylvania in 1842.
“This Most Atrocious Crusade Against Personal Freedom” Anti-abolitionist Violence in Boston on the Eve of War
Authors: Browne Patrick T.J.
Published: March 2021

This essay explores increasing organization among anti-abolitionists in Boston on the eve of the Civil War and the combination of mob violence and political tactics they employed in an attempt to silence abolitionists. This opposition did not fade away on its own but was actively shut down by abolitionists who knew how to navigate politics and public opinion.
Aspects of a Peasant Mode of Production: Exchange and the Extent of Sufficiency Among Smallholders in West Laikipia, Kenya
Authors: Sottas Beat
Published: March 2021

The Laikipia Plain in the north-western footzone of Mt. Kenya is one of the semi-arid areas where migrating Kikuyu cultivators go for land and permanent residence. However, unfavourable ecological and economic conditions create contradictions, and many households undergo a considerable risk to fall into marginality. In this paper, the autor aimes at reexamining the thesis that the extent of a household's sufficiency can rise if mutual exchange within a network is practised. The aspect of social networks is obviously manifest in the access to land and other key resources. With regard to the ability to survive in Laikipia, it is obvious too, that the migrants must rely on social capital and informal transactions. Thus it is argued, that the 'invisible' economy of affection is a predominant feature in order to succeed and to generate certainty and sustainability among the small-scale farmers.
ECOWAS and the 2016 Post-Election Crisis in the Gambia: Pax Africana or What?
Authors: Basiru Adeniyi S. , Osunkoya Olusesan A. , Adebayo Tajudeen I.
Published: March 2021

President Yahya Jammeh’s volte face, following his earlier acceptance of the verdicts of the Gambians during the 1 December 2016 presidential poll, did not only jolt the international community but, if not for the intervention of external actors, would have set the Gambia on the path of implosion. This article, based on desk analysis, examines the mediatory role of ECOWAS in the resolution of the 2016 post-election crisis in the Gambia. It notes that unlike the previous similar case in Cote d’Ivoire, ECOWAS took the lead in resolving the political crisis and thus demonstrated that Pax Africana is at work in the sub-region. It argues and concludes that ECOWAS with or without the support from outsiders has the capacity to take charge of threats to democracy and peace in member states, by deploying mediatory diplomacy backed with threat of coercion.
The Political Economy of Institutional Corruption in Africa: The Case of the 1996–97 Tanzania Coffee Crisis
Authors: Brooks Murrell L.
Published: March 2021

This article argues that institutional corruption is the central governance dilemma in Africa by examining the causes, outcome, and origins of the 1996–97 Tanzania coffee crisis. It shows how the growth and crash of a coffee price bubble became a harbinger for defining corruption as historically embedded institutional tendencies and advantages, instead of acts of individual malfeasance. Institutional corruption highlights political gains from the use of public resources in the form of political influence over producer prices, concentrated market power, and centralized policymaking for the wealthy and politically connected, as opposed to personal gains.
Sphaeraphodius gaohani, a new genus and species of Aphodiini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) from Guangxi, China
Authors: KAKIZOE SHOWTARO , JIANG RI-XIN , CAI HAO-HONG , WANG SHUO
Published: March 2021

Sphaeraphodius gaohani Kakizoe, Jiang & Wang, a new genus and new species of the tribe Aphodiini, is described based on two female specimens from Guangxi, China. This new genus differs considerably from any previously known genera of Aphodiini by dorsally swollen body covered by considerably long setae, and lack of transverse setiferous carinae on outer surfaces of meso- and metatibiae. This new taxon is found sympatrically with the termite Macrotermes sp. in the field. Therefore, this species is perhaps termitophilous, but we cannot conclude it at this time due to the insufficient information available in the field.
Description of a new species of the genus Nikkoaspis Kuwana, 1928 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) from China
Authors: TIAN FENG , ZHENG XINYI , XING JICHUN
Published: March 2021

A new armoured scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) species, Nikkoaspis brevispina sp. n., is described and illustrated; it was found on Sinarundiaria sp. (Poaceae; Bambusoideae) in Guizhou Province, China. The type specimens of N. brevispina are deposited at the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China. An identification key based on adult females is provided to separate all eight species in the genus.