bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El don profético y los eventos escatológicos
Authors: Azo Salazar Segundo
Published: October 2018

El propósito de esta investigación es analizar algunos eventos escatológicos mencionados por el don de profecía manifestado en Elena de White. Estos son: a) Es- tados Unidos y su identificación como la segunda bestia de Apocalipsis 13, b) la unión de todas las iglesias promovida por Roma, y c) el sába- do como la señal de Dios en contraposición con la marca de la bestia. Además, se verá cómo estos eventos han sido confirmados a través de la historia hasta nuestros días.
El rol eclesiológico de Elena de White en la Iglesia Adventista
Authors: R. Timm Alberto
Published: October 2018

l presente estudio muestra que Elena de White, llama- da por Dios para servir en la restauración fi   de la verdad en el tiem- po escatológico del fi desempeñó un papel crucial en la formación de la Iglesia y en la definiciónde la misión que tiene en el mundo.
Pablo y el sostén financiero a los ministros: Breve estudio sobre 1 Corintios 9:9, 10
Authors: Ojanama Gaspar Omar
Published: October 2018

El presente estudio expone una relación teológica entre 1 Corintios 9:9-10, en donde Pablo intenta defender su derecho a recibir un apoyo financiero de la iglesia por su trabajo pastoral y misionero, y un texto del Antiguo Testamento, Deuteronomio 25:4. La ordenanza “No pondrás bozal al buey que trilla”, al parecer, no tiene nada que ver con el tema que el apóstol está tratando, a saber, la remuneración que se debe proveer a los que “anuncian el evangelio”. Por ello, este estudio presenta un modelo de interpretación de 1 Corintios 9:9-10 y su respectiva función dentro del orden evangélico, con el propósito de elaborar una teología de la fidelidad y hallar la correspondiente confirmación bíblica del sustento financiero por parte de la iglesia a la obra ministerial a través de los diezmos y ofrendas.
Porque el que habla en... ’: El don de lenguas en 1 Corintios 14
Authors: Mueller Ekkehardt
Published: October 2018

Hablar en lenguas ha sido el sello tradicional del pentecostalismo —movimiento religioso con el crecimiento más rapido sobre la tierra. Con el fin de conocer el significado de "hablar en lenguas", el presente artículo se enfocará en 1 Corintios 14 y responderá las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuál fue la naturaleza de las lenguas que Pablo mencionó en 1 Corintios? ¿Se estaba refiriendo a un éxtasis o habla angelical ininteligible, comparable a la de los círculos pentecostales y carismáticos, o las lenguas en Corinto eran idiomas extranjeros?
El amor en el Antiguo Testamento: Hacia una cultura bíblica del amor
Authors: Becerra Olaya Marco
Published: October 2018

Entonces, en base a las evidencias presentadas, ¿es posibleelaborar un concepto, por lo menos tentativo, de lo que es elamor? En uno de los párrafos anteriores habíamos dicho que eltérmino ahab aparece mayormente como un verbo; por lo tanto,es posible definirlo más como una acción. Se había mencionadotambién que las razones etimológicas no son suficientes para definiruna enseñanza bíblica, por cuanto su uso podría resultarfalaz. Además, se han verificado los usos indistintos e intercambiablesde la raíz ahab, cuyas aplicaciones iban desde la descripciónde episodios profundamente negativos hasta el uso positivomás sublime. Por consiguiente, las razones que se han presentadoapuntan a una comprensión contextual y hasta circunstancial.También se mencionó que, al margen del elemento cultural,el significado básico debería entenderse como una acción cuyovalor se desprende de la motivación y los resultados que produce.Un detalle importante es que las acciones de ahab no están desprovistasdel elemento emocional. Desde este punto de vista, nose parece en nada a la idea del cristianismo moderno de un amormás racional desprovisto de tal elemento.Finalmente, la hora de la elaboración de un concepto ha llegado,pero antes es necesario advertir que la Biblia refleja un pensamientoque es necesario tener en cuenta: La elaboración de unconcepto a partir de las Sagradas Escrituras está muy lejos de laabstracción occidental muy influida por el pensamiento griego.61El pensamiento bíblico, al que podíamos designar también pensamientohebreo, tiende por naturaleza hacia la concreción, es decir,sus conceptos giran en torno a una realidad palpable por los sentidos:a una acción. Desde este punto de vista, se conceptúa elamor más como un acto que podría tener motivaciones negativaso positivas, cuyo valor se desprende por los resultados que produce.
Migraciones y salud
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

Este volumen recoge 28 aportaciones que giran alrededor de diferentes aspectos y problemáticas del sistema de salud que la migración ha puesto de relieve. Estos van desde el estudio de las teorías y políticas de migración hasta el análisis de casos concretos en Europa, África y América Latina, así como algunas aportaciones internacionales de caràcter teórico y comparativo. El núcleo inicial del libro fueron las aportaciones al Coloquio de REDAM (la red de antropología médica española) celebrado en Murcia en 2004, revisados en 2008, al que se han añadido otras aportaciones de especialistas sobre este campo.
Antropología y enfermería
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

Este volumen está organizado en bloques temáticos. El primero versa sobre salud reproductiva e infantil y contiene un texto inédito de Dina Garcés, homenajeada en este libro, que revisaba cuando le sorprendió la muerte. Le siguen un segundo bloque sobre alimentación, un tercero sobre salud mental y drogas y un cuarto sobre problemas relativos al envejecimiento. Una quinta parte incluye textos que relacionan la ética, las ciencias sociales y de la salud y la religión. Cierra el volumen un apartado de miscelánea.
Of Bodies and Symptoms
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

The question of the social treatment of the body and its transformations emerges in relation to issues of varying types (economic, therapeutic, ideological, cultural, aesthetic,commercial, technical). This book examines the various ways of managing bodily symptoms or transformations and the social stakes and systems of knowledge which relate to them, both on the medical and social level. The contributions provide analyses that concern a broad range of countries. Through the themes it tackles and the subjects it examines, this book reveals both the universal nature of the questions it asks, and the evolution of the objects and approaches of anthropology itself.
Tro Ressonant
Authors: Radin Paul
Published: October 2018

El llibre que el lector té a les mans ha estat considerat una fita de l'etnologia que inaugurà per alguns el gènere literari i antropològic de narratives autobiogràfiques dels indis americans. L'etnòleg Paul Radin, amb el seu característic esperit de mostrar-nos la cultura del winnebago tal com ells i elles eren, va ser l'artífex daquesta fita. Es tracta d'un text extraordinàriament vívid que ens endinsa en el món cultural d'aquest grup ètnic a partir de l'experiència d'un dels seus individus, en un escenari de profunds canvis i transformacions socials. L'objectiu de Radin va ser copsar el món emocional d'un indígena americà des del seu propi punt de vista, intentant eliminar les interferències de l'etnògraf i mantenint el llenguatge col·loquial.
Alimentación, salud y cultura: encuentros interdisciplinares
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

El orden del día de las agendas de los estudiosos de la alimentación está repleto de fenómenos que, formando parte de procesos históricos más amplios, deben ser tratados desde el conocimiento de las diferencias culturales, de las diversas formas de desigualdad social y de las implicaciones sociales, económicas y políticas que la comida tiene para la salud humana, el entorno y las sociedades. La producción, distribución y consumo de alimentos implica numerosos ámbitos y agentes en cualquier lugar y nos llevan desde las actividades agrícolas hasta el procesamiento de los alimentos, desde el restaurante o el comedor escolar al hogar, desde el individuo al grupo social; intervienen, a su vez, en el proceso de salud/enfermedad/atención. A pesar de la abundancia aparente, el sistema de producción alimentaria actual no asegura las necesidades básicas entre las personas, ni el reparto equitativo de los alimentos, ni la capacidad regenerativa de los recursos utilizados ni tampoco la preservación de la diversidad biocultural. Tampoco favorece la confianza en los alimentos producidos, ni el deseo tan humano como legítimo de querer preservar y mejorar la calidad de vida.
Pobres joves grassos
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

A Pobres joves grassos ens preguntem com i per què certes pràctiques alimentàries i corporals han esdevingut, en les darreres dècades, problemes de salut pública amb implicacions socials, culturals i polítiques. En aquest sentit, la nostra recerca és la continuació de més de deu anys de treballs sobre els trastorns de la conducta alimentària (TCA) —eating disorders—, amb un interès ara centrat en l'estudi sociocultural de l'obesitat. Mitjançant una aproximació etnogràfica en l'àmbit assistencial i a través d'internet, analitzem experiències i representacions d'estar i sentir-se gras entre la joventut catalana. El nostre objectiu principal consisteix en esbrinar si la grassor ha condicionat les seves trajectòries personals i socials i si, concretament, afavoreix formes específiques de discriminació en l'àmbit formatiu, familiar o lúdic.
Mujeres (in)visibles
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

En las comunidades rurales de la costa y sierra de Oaxaca, cada vez es más frecuente encontrarse una mujer como cabeza de familia, cumpliendo funciones clave dentro del grupo doméstico. A las mujeres se las puede ver trabajando en la casa, cultivando el huerto, criando aves de corral, cosechando café, trayendo leña y/o agua o elaborando artesanías. A esto, hay que sumar el cuidado de los y las hijas y la responsabilidad de todo el proceso alimentario. Ante la necesidad de mejorar su situación socioeconómica, muchas de ellas se han apuntado a programas que promueven actividades emancipadoras, aunque eso haya supuesto aumentar su carga de trabajo dentro y fuera de casa.
Nasci na família errada
Authors: Larrea Killinger Cristina
Published: October 2018

Este livro é o resultado de uma série de entrevistas desenvolvidas entre os anos 1998 e 2004 a Maria, uma moradora de um bairro pobre de Salvador de Bahia. Esta história n?o poderia ter sido escrita sem a entrega e a dedicaç?o dela por desvendar a sua própria vida ao mundo. Este trabalho n?o só tenta descrever a experiencia de Maria no mundo da vida, o contexto sociocultural e econômico, mas, sobretudo, quer se aproximar de suas emoç?es sobre os adoecimentos e as alegrias, para mostrar aos leitores express?es sensíveis do vivido, em relatos de vida, como um método de trabalho da antropologia.
A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial to assess the efficacy and tolerability of short course of ornidazole in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Jose Preetha , P. V. Narayanan , Thomas Varghese
Published: October 2018

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder affecting the general population. At present the treatment is mainly symptomatic as the pathophysiology is not clear. Abnormal flora especially small bowel bacterial over growth is considered as one of the causes. A short course of ornidazole is compared with placebo to assess its efficacy and tolerability in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome.Methods: This was a randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial done in the Departments of Gastroenterology and Pharmacology at Government Medical College, Calicut. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either ornidazole or Placebo. The baseline symptoms were recorded and graded to get a global symptom score. Patients assigned to ornidazole group received 500mg twice daily orally for 5 days and the control group received identical looking placebo tablets. The patients were reassessed every week for four weeks. The patients subjective global assessment of relief and global symptom score was recorded. Statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon signed Rank test and Mann Whitney U test.Results: This study was done in twenty patients with a mean age of 30 with comparable baseline characteristics and symptom scores (p=0.969). Ornidazole produced a highly significant reduction in the global symptom score (p<0.001) compared to placebo. It was maintained through the four weeks follow up. No serious adverse effects were reported. Two patients reported burning sensation in the stomach which was self limited.Conclusions: Ornidazole is efficacious than placebo in controlling the symptoms of diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome and is well tolerated.
A prospective study of the pattern of morbidity and medication use during antenatal and perinatal period in mothers of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: P. Anitha , Yashoda H. T.
Published: October 2018

Background: Most drugs taken by pregnant women can cross the placenta (except high molecular weight drugs like heparin) and expose the foetus to pharmacologic and teratogenic effects. The drugs used in the late antenatal and intranatal period may have a potential perinatal and neonatal outcome.Methods: The pattern of maternal morbidity and drug use was assessed prospectively in 150 consecutive mothers of neonates admitted to NICU. The number of drugs used, therapeutic class, dose, route, frequency and purpose of use were recorded. The efficacy and safety of medications was assessed by neonatal outcome.Results: The most common maternal morbidity during pregnancy was PIH, eclampsia, hypothyroidism, GDM, PROM, oligohydromnias, anemiaorpolyhydromnias, and 4% (n=6) had more than one complication. Different therapeutic classes of drugs were used as per the prevailing clinical conditions or complications. The total number of drugs used was 26, with an average of 3.68 per subject. AMAs were the most commonly used drugs, chosen empirically and used in combination for prophylaxis or control of infections. Other classes of drugs were used for specific indications. None of the NICU admissions in the present study seem to be related to antenatal or perinatal drug exposure. The treatment outcome was very good in most of the subjects and no drug related adverse events or interactions were observed.Conclusions: Maternal morbidity and drugs administered to mother play an important role in improving the neonatal outcome.
Prescribing pattern of antimicrobials and adverse drug reactions in children suffering from lower respiratory tract infection in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Arora Tarun , Kadali Rudhra Prabhakar , Chandane Rakhamaji D. , Gautam Chandrapal
Published: October 2018

Background: Acute respiratory tract infections are leading cause of mortality in children in India. Further, indiscriminate use of antimicrobials has led to increased drug resistance and large number of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Therefore, aim of study was to study antimicrobial prescribing pattern and record incidence and causality assessment of ADRs in pediatric in-patients having lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).Methods: In this prospective and observational study total of 300 children aged 2 months to 12 years suffering from LRTI and hospitalized for minimum 48 hrs duration were included. A descriptive analysis was carried out to determine frequency and combinations of antibiotics prescribed and causality and number of ADRs.Results: Out of 300 subjects, 70.3% of patients were males and 54.6% of cases with LRTI belonged to 2-6 months age group. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was ceftriaxone alone in 67 (22.3%) patients while ceftriaxone and amikacin was the most common 2 drug combination in 60 (20%) patients. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin and gentamicin was most common 3 drug combination in 7 (2.3%) patients. There were 49 cases (16.3%) of ADRs and maximum were in 2-6 months age group and ceftriaxone with amikacin was associated with maximum number 10 (20.4%) of cases. Diarrhoea was most frequent adverse effect associated with antibiotics in 36 (76.6%) cases.Conclusions: The use of cephalosporins (single or combination) are most commonly used drug and associated with maximum number of ADRs in 2-6 months male children with LRTI so clinicians should use them judiciously and rationally.
Pharmacovigilance programme of India: revival of the renaissance
Authors: Gadhade Jyoti B. , Hiray Rajesh S. , Aherkar Rekha Y. , Shah Kalpana U.
Published: October 2018

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the fourth leading cause of morbidity in the world. In order to safeguard the health of the community, Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) is implemented as the monitoring body by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC). It is leading national authority. National Coordinating Centre (NCC) PvPI works as the World Health Organization (WHO) collaborating centre for pharmacovigilance. Adverse drug reactions are reported to NCC PvPI which are then directed towards WHO Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) Sweden which is the global monitoring centre for worldwide data. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is the regulatory authority of India under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India. This article focusses on the various strands of pharmacovigilance at the healthcare professional and consumer level. It also discusses the pitfalls in the journey of pharmacovigilance thus helping in enhancing the quality of health safety. Even a minuscule contribution by a health care professional or a consumer can voluminously help in promotion of drug safety. Therefore, there is a need of inculcating the culture of adverse drug reaction reporting for the welfare of the vulnerable masses.
Profile of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in newborns in a tertiary care centre of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Sudhakar C. , Jindal Pallavi
Published: October 2018

Background: Birth asphyxia is an important cause of static development and neurological handicap in both term and preterm infants. Birth asphyxia is found to be responsible for 28.7% deaths in hospital settings and 20% deaths in rural/tribal areas. Approximately the same number develops serious sequelae which cripples these children both physically and mentally. Children who have suffered moderate encephalopathy had varying rates of infant death and morbidity. Precise determination of the prognosis in the term new born, who sustains a hypoxic ischemic insult is hindered by difficulty in determining the severity of insult.Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal, observational study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, CMC Bhilai with close association with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Radio diagnosis and Department of Neurology. All deliveries taking place in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of CMC Bhilai were enrolled for the study. Each enrolled infant underwent a detailed neurologic examination within the first 12 hours after birth. During the period of data collection 180 babies with birth asphyxia were admitted to NICU. Out of which 126 babies had fulfilled the inclusion criteria and completed one year follow up, hence as cases. Babies who lost follow up were not included in study. The neurological examination was performed 14 days after discharge, then at 1 month, 3-month, 6-month, 9 month and 12 months. Long term outcome in this study is defined as outcome at one year of age in terms of morbidity and mortality.Results: The female and male ratio is 0.4:1. Most of the asphyxiated newborn, 81 (64%) were in 2500-3000gm. Among the study population, maximum number of cases 76 (60%) were suffering from HIE-I. Majority of study population, 87 (69%) were born by LSCS. Normal CUS in 93 babies and abnormal in 33 babies; with normal CUS, there were no death in study population and out of 33 abnormal CUS, 12 deaths occurred. Out of the different complications enlisted in the table convulsions (66.7%) is most common followed by Apnea (65.08%). Recurrent infections (45.24%) is the most common complication followed by seizure disorders (22.63%) and failure to thrive (20.63%).Conclusions: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is one of the major consequences of perinatal asphyxia. Despite of best care, some babies are likely to develop it.
Comparison of Typhidot IgM test and blood culture in children with clinically compatible enteric fever
Authors: Garg Sandeep , Sankhe Ajay , Joshi Anuradha , Mehta Samrat
Published: October 2018

Background: The often-non-specific presentation of typhoid fever makes clinical diagnosis difficult. The blood culture is time consuming, affected by often given prior antibiotics and has low sensitivity (60%). Typhidot IgM gives quick results in early stage of disease. Pediatric data are scarce. So, we studied and compare Typhidot IgM test and blood culture in children with clinically compatible enteric fever.Methods: This was retrospective observational study done in Department of Pediatrics from the 1st October, 2017 to 30 September, 2018. 42 children with clinically compatible enteric fever (aged 6 months to 18 years); with either typhidot IgM or blood culture positive for Salmonella species were sampled and analyzed.Results: Typhidot IgM test had sensitivity of 92.7% (N = 39/42) compared to blood culture with sensitivity of 79.4% (N = 27/34). 2 out of 3 typhidot negative cases were S. Paratyphi positive in blood culture. Typhidot IgM had positive predictive value = 97.4% due to 1 false positive case. 19 (79.2%) out of 24 blood culture positive patients had not received any antibiotic prior test, 3 (60 %) out of 5 blood culture negative patients had received antibiotics.Conclusions: Typhidot IgM is a highly sensitive quick diagnostic tool for diagnosing enteric fever in children with sensitivity of 92.3% and PPV of 97.4% compared to blood culture (sensitivity= 79.4%). It is more sensitive to diagnose S. typhi enteric fever (sensitivity= 97.3%) then S. paratyphi (sensitivity= 50%). Antibiotic administration prior to blood culture testing reduces its positivity rate but not significantly statistically. Larger studies are needed to change the current recommendations on typhidot IgM.
Serum folate, vitamin B12 levels and clinicohematological profile in 200 anaemic children aged 1-5 years
Authors: Arora Sunita , Sheemar Pushpjeet Singh , Khurana Mandeep Singh , Kaur Jaskiran , Kumar Ashwani
Published: October 2018

Background: This study was conducted in 200 anaemic children aged 1-5 years to check their serum folate, vitamin B12 levels and their correlation with sociodemographic parameters and clinicohaematological profile.Methods: Present study was a hospital based observational cross-sectional study carried out in paediatric OPD and IPD of tertiary care institute in Amritsar. Study subjects included 200 anaemic children aged 1-5 years attending paediatric OPD or admitted in IPD of paediatrics department of SGRDIMSAR, Amritsar. Serum folate, vitamin B12 levels were measured in 200 enrolled anaemic children and their correlation with sociodemographic parameters and clinicohaematological profile was studied.Results: Isolated vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 22 (11%), folate deficiency in 28 (14%) and combined deficiency was present in 10 (5%) cases. Isolated vitamin B12 deficiency was more prevalent in 1-2-year age group 10 (45.5%) cases, isolated folate deficiency in 2-3 years age group 12 (42.9%) cases whereas combined deficiency was more prevalent in 4-5 years age group 6 cases (60%). Statistically significant correlation was observed between severity of anaemia and poor socio-economic status, nutritional status, rural background. There was statistically significant association between vitamin B12 deficiency and poor socioeconomic status. Folate and combined deficiency had a positive correlation with age group. Combined vitamin B12 and folate deficiency had a statistically significant correlation with severity of anaemia.Conclusions: Apart from iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency contributes significantly in total prevalence of anaemia. Vitamin B12 and folate supplementation is equally important in prevention as well as treatment of nutritional deficiency anaemias in paediatric population.
Clinical profile of persistent pulmonary hypertension in new born: experience in an extramural institution
Authors: S. Harish , C. N. Kamalarathnam
Published: October 2018

Background: Persistent pulmonary artery hypertension of the new born (PPHN) has an incidence of 1.9 per 1000 live births with a mortality of 12 to 29%. In our tertiary care referral institute, the mortality was relatively high. A department audit was undertaken which will help us to introspect and to reason out the factors favouring survival and mortality in our NICU.Methods: Neonates with the diagnosis of PPHN from January 2016 to December 2016 were identified from our department database. After excluding cardiac causes of pulmonary hypertension, transport, prenatal, perinatal and post-natal data, treatment details and outcome information was collected from case records. The statistical analysis was calculated with SPSS software. Mean, standard deviation was calculated for continuous variables. Chi square test and Fischer’s exact test was used to test the association between categorical variables and t test for continuous variables.Results: The incidence PPHN in our unit was 1.5%. The average duration of hospital stay was 17 days. Among the 45.7 % of babies, PPHN was secondary to MAS, followed by CDH (22.3 %). Based on oxygenation index, 15 babies, 42.3% had mild, 10 babies, 28.6% had moderate, 8 babies, 22.3% had severe PPHN and 3 babies ,8.6% had severe PPHN. Overall mortality was 42.3%. SpO2 on arrival at emergency room, adequacy of cardiorespiratory during transport and presence of shock is significantly associated with mortality.Conclusions: This study show MAS and CDH are common causes of PPHN. Severity of illness at arrival was predictive of high mortality. Prior stabilization and adequate transport may improve outcomes.
Profile of fungal blood stream infection (BSI) in neonate at tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: C. Shanmuga Sundaram , C. N. Kamalarathnam
Published: October 2018

Background: Advancement in neonatal care has led to remarkable improvement in survival of new-born.  Fungal infections in new born are an important health problem associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and epidemiology of neonatal fungal blood stream infection and to analyze risk factor associated with mortality due to fungal septicemia.Methods: This is a retrospective study of all neonatal fungal cases admitted from July 2016 to June 2017 to a tertiary care hospital in South India.Results: Isolation rate of fungal blood stream infection was 3.3%. Risk factors observed for candida blood stream infection were Broad spectrum antibiotic usage >7 days (91.18%) followed by central line >7 days (58.9%) and total parenteral nutrition (50.68%). Poor weight gain (71.23%), respiratory distress (68.4%) are common clinical presentation. Mortality among candida blood stream infection was 29 (39.72%). On step-wise logistic regression analysis, prolonged rupture of membrane and endotracheal tube placement for more than 7 days were significant independent predictors of mortality in neonatal candida blood stream infection.Conclusions: Candida blood stream infection is significant problem in our unit. It occurs in 3.3 %of neonates admitted in our unit and accounts for 34% of blood culture positive sepsis. Non-albican candidiasis is the predominant agent causing candida blood stream infection. Fungal prophylaxis may be recommended in neonates with risk factors like birth weight less than 1500 gms, those requiring ventilation for more than 7 days, those on total parenteral nutrition for more than 7 days and those on prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotics. It reemphasizes the need for aseptic insertion, maintenance, early identification of catheter related infection and early removal of central line.
Study of the prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile children
Authors: M. Mathivanan , K. Visalakshi
Published: October 2018

Background: Children with fever comprise a major proportion of our practice in outpatient department of Paediatric. The emphasis on identification of urinary tract infections in febrile children is minimal. Very often, children receive antibiotics empirically, without any adequate evaluation for urinary tract infection. The objective of our study is to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection in all febrile children from 2 months to 5 years of age.Methods: Prospective cross sectional, descriptive study done at Dept of Paediatrics, in a tertiary care centre of South India over a period of 1 year. Children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included and demographic details, physical examination and laboratory investigations were done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 18.Results: The study included 200 children. The mean age group of the total population was 2 years 6 months. Females were 105 (53%) and males were 95 (47%). The total prevalence of UTI cases were 9%. The incidence in < 1 year was 11.5%, 1-2 years was 10.6 % and >2 years was 7.14 %. The prevalence of UTI was higher among females (5.5%) than males (4%). Among the 19 UTI cases only 2 cases were without any underlying foci of infection the remaining 17 cases had a definite source of infection. E. coli followed by Klebsiella were found to contribute the maximum number of cases.Conclusions: Possibility of Urinary Tract Infection must be considered in all febrile children and urine culture specimen must be collected as a part of diagnostic evaluation.
Prevalence and risk factors for bronchial asthma in an urban area of Puducherry: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Arokiaraj L. Anand , Gobinaath T.R.
Published: October 2018

Background: Food allergy is mostly IgE-mediated which is estimated to affect 6% to 8% children and 3% to 4% adults the clinical and social impact of which takes a hard toll in early childhood. The objective of this study is to study the magnitude of food allergy and differences in food allergens among the urban and rural school-going children.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 school going children, aged 5-10 years, attending to two private schools (n=192) and two government schools (n=158) in the urban and rural field practice areas respectively and data regarding food allergens was collected using a semi-structured proforma.Results: There was a significant higher (p<0.001) proportion of wheeze symptomatics among the urban (n=70, 44.3%) than the rural students (n=37, 19.3%). The students had higher allergies to Ice-cream (14.57%, n=51), prawn (11.14%, n=39), peanut (14.57%, n=51), garlic (14.57%, n=51), fish (11.14%, n=39) and milk (11.14%, n=39).Conclusions: There was a higher proportion of food allergy among the urban school students compared to the rural students. The food allergens also varied significantly in their influence on food allergy among the urban and rural areas.
Bacteriological profile in intubated and mechanically ventilated babies in NICU in Krishna Institue of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Menon Shreya S. , Pawar J. M.
Published: October 2018

Background: Infections are the most important and leading cause of mortality and morbidity among the patients admitted in ICU. Nosocomial infection is a critical issue among intubated patients which is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality of these patients.  The objectives of this study were to characterize bacterial species from the respiratory tract of patients undergoing endotracheal intubation and to determine the sensitivity of organism to various antibiotics. To propose a suitable antibiotic therapy in intubated and mechanically ventilated babies according to cultures and antibiotic sensitivity obtained from ET tube of previously intubated and ventilated babies in NICU.Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in the NICU settings of KIMS, Karad, from January 2016 to June 2016. 78 neonates were intubated for more than 48 hours were included in the study during this duration, among which 44 were considered as cases.Results: Out of 44 samples,16 were sterile and 28 were positive for organisms.25 cases were started prophylactic antibiotics before intubation with inj. ampicillin and inj. gentamicin (27.3%), inj. piperacillin and inj. amikacin (15.9%), inj. vancomycin (9.1%), inj. meropenem (2.3%), of which 6 cases were sterile and 19 were positive for organisms. Antibiotic sensitivity to inj. colisitn (38.7%) followed by inj. tigecycline (13.6%), inj. levofloxacin (4.6%) and inj. tetracycline (2,3%) and inj. clindamycin (2.3%). In majority cases antibiotic sensitivity was obtained positive to 3 antibiotics.Conclusions: From the present study we have come to a conclusion that analyzing ET culture was important as the sensitivity to the antibiotics obtained was different from those given prophylactically as a protocol. Hence this study will help us in implementing different antibiotics prophylactically with regard to the commonly obtained sensitivity pattern.
Peak expiratory flow rate assessment to screen for asthma in children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: A. P. Krithika , T. Arunkumar , S. Sundari
Published: October 2018

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common disease affecting around 10-25% of the population worldwide. There is a temporal relationship between the onset of allergic rhinitis and asthma and the ‘unified airway hypothesis’ explains this. Many researchers have demonstrated bronchial hyper-responsiveness prior to onset of asthma symptoms further validating this hypothesis. Further many studies favour treating allergic rhinitis may prevent the onset of asthma. So, detecting allergic rhinitis earlier and treating it adequately is of vital importance. The aims and objectives of this study is to identify bronchial hyper responsiveness in children with allergic rhinitis, prior to the onset of asthmatic symptoms, by measuring PEFR and its clinical correlates.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Department of Paediatrics in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria were defined, and the study was conducted on a total of 85 children. After taking informed consent from parents, the children coming under the study population were analyzed for their baseline characteristics and PEFR is measured using a low reading Mini Wright peak flow meter and compared with mean value of south Indian children using the formula, PEFR= {(HEIGHT IN CM-100) X5} +100.Results: The mean PEFR as expressed in percentage of expected PEFR is 77.28% in males and 83.34% in females. The mean percentage of expressed PEFR does not vary significantly between different age groups. Of the 85 children,48(56.5%) have mild intermittent allergic rhinitis,28(32.9%) have mild persistent allergic rhinitis,5(5.9%) have moderate-severe intermittent allergic rhinitis and 4(4.7%) have moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis. There were 37(43.5%) blockers (with predominant nose block) and 48(56.5%) runners (with predominant rhinorrhea).Conclusions: PEFR is abnormal in 41.2% of children with allergic rhinitis. PEFR reduces linearly as the severity of allergic rhinitis increases. PEFR decreases as the number of cardinal symptoms increases. PEFR increases significantly after treatment of allergic rhinitis alone.
A comparative study of hypertension and obesity with reference to risk factors in school children aged 6-12 years in urban and rural area
Authors: Kamble Milind B. , Chopde Sagar G.
Published: October 2018

Background: Childhood obesity and hypertension are on the rise and limited data are available regarding the profile of childhood obesity and hypertension from India. We studied the prevalence of childhood obesity and hypertension in a representative sample of school children to find out the relationship between obesity and hypertension in study population.Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Shri Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India and data were collected from urban and rural primary schools of Yavatmal from 1489 children between ages 6-12years, selected randomly. Anthropometric measurements were taken to calculate BMI and blood pressure was taken. Data was analyzed using CDC guidelines and statistically using contingency coefficient. Overweight and obesity were defined by body mass index for gender and age. Gender, age and height were considered for determining hypertension. The hypertensive children were followed up at 3 monthly intervals, 3 times, to look for persistent hypertension.Results: Amongst the 1489 children, prevalence of hypertension was 4.49% and that of pre-hypertension was 1.47% and that of overweight was 1.74% and obese was 0.87%. In girls and boys both, increasing BMI was associated significantly (p<0.0001) with average SBP and average DBP in both pre-hypertension and hypertension groups in rural and urban areas. A higher prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension seen in the present study group compared to similar studies in the state. Children with higher BMI were associated with pre-hypertension or hypertension.Conclusions: Prevalence of sustained hypertension overweight and obesity is on rise in children in this part of world. Possible related factors for this current trend may be the increasing sedentary life style, altered eating habits, and increased fat content of diet. The result suggests the need for more public awareness and prevention programs for childhood obesity and hypertension.
Evaluation of incidence of phototherapy induced hypocalcaemia in term newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and its clinical significance: a cross sectional study with controls
Authors: Gupta Raksha , Singh Davinder , Yadav Meetu , Panda Prateek Kumar , Nagaraj Niranjan , Bana Sailen Kumar
Published: October 2018

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in many of the cases is only in physiological range, but quite often it requires phototherapy and even exchange transfusion for proper management. Although hypocalcemia is often proposed to be associated with phototherapy in term and preterm newborns, its exact incidence and clinical significance still remains to be elucidated.Methods: Current study was carried out in a tertiary care center in North India with 29 term neonates in test group receiving single surface phototherapy and 29 age, sex and gestational age matched neonates in control group, who did not receive phototherapy. Serum calcium levels at 0 and 48 hours of starting phototherapy were determined in both the groups and compared.Results: Mean difference of Serum ionized calcium between two groups was statistically significant at 48 hours with mean for test group was 4.58 mg/dl compared to 4.94 mg/dl for control group (p <0.001). 10 newborns (47%) in test group had hypocalcemia according to standard definitions and 3 out of them (30%) had were clinically symptomatic with jitteriness and poor feeding, which resolved after calcium supplementationConclusions: Term neonates undergoing phototherapy are at increased risk for hypocalcemia. A universal recommendation regarding calcium supplementation in neonates undergoing photherapy is yet to be established but seems like a reasonable intervention.
Pearson syndrome masquerading diamond blackfan anemia: a case report
Authors: Bartakke Sandip P. , Sampagar Abhilasha Ashok , Kamate Mahesh , Mittal Nishant
Published: October 2018

Pearson syndrome (PS) is rare and often fatal multisystemic mitochondrial disorder. Many of those who survive develop signs and symptoms later in life of a related disorder called Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS). 13-month-old male child presented with transfusion dependent anemia since the age of 3 months and was initially labeled as a case of Diamond Black fan Anemia. Mitochondrial and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Through this case report, we attempt to address the fact that possibility of PS, which is often labeled as DBA in initial stages, should be considered in cases of congenital anemia of uncertain etiology. Early diagnosis of PS and interventional therapy in the form of mitochondrial and pancreatic replacement can significantly prolong survival and improve quality of life.
Application of in Silico Tools in Clinical Practice using Ketoconazole as a Model Drug
Authors: Silva Daniela Amaral , Duque Marcelo Dutra , Davies Neal M , Löbenberg Raimar , Ferraz Humberto Gomes
Published: October 2018

Hypochlorhydria is a condition where the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is decreased. As a result, the intragastric pH is elevated. This condition can be due to a series of causes, such as disease (gastric mucosal infection caused by Helicobacter pylori and is prominent in AIDS patients), ethnicity, age and also the use of antisecretory agents. This may significantly impact the absorption of other drugs that have pH-dependent solubility, such as ketoconazole, a weak base. Within this context, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate how GastroPlusTM – a physiological based software program- can be used to predict clinical pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole in a normal physiological state vs. elevated gastric pH. A simple physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was built and validated to explore the impact that different physiologic conditions in the stomach (hypochlorhydria, drug administered with water and Coca Cola®) had on ketoconazole’s bioavailability. The developed model was able to accurately predict the impact of increased pH and beverage co-administration on dissolution and absorption of the drug, and confirmed that complete gastric dissolution is essential. Particle size only mattered in hypochlorhydric conditions due to the incomplete gastric dissolution, as its absorption would depend on intestinal dissolution, which corroborates with previous studies. Therefore, in silico approaches are a potential tool to assess a pharmaceutical product’s performance and efficacy under different physiological and pathophysiological states supporting the assessment of different dosing strategies in clinical practice.
Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuranone Derivatives with Biotechnological Methods
Authors: Zerenler Çalışkan Zerrin , Ay Ebru Nur
Published: October 2018

Benzofuranone 
derivatives are important structural units in many biologically active
compounds thus, synthesis of these types of compounds in optically pure form
found increased interest in pharmaceutical chemistry. In this study, the
enantioselective synthesis of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-4-oxo-benzofuranone-5-yl
acetate (3) and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-
phenyl-4-oxo-benzofuranone-5-yl hydroxy derivative (4) was carried out for the first time,  by enzyme-mediated hydrolysis reactions with
high enantiomeric excesses. Several lipases were used for the kinetic
resolution in different pH values and different solvent systems of racemic 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-4-oxo-benzofuranone-5-yl
acetate (rac-3) in which the lipases
from HPL, PPL,  RNL and PCL displayed
high enentioselectivity towards 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6- phenyl-4-oxo-benzofuranone-5-yl
hydroxy derivative (4)  at pH=7.
Caracterização E Compensação De Harmônicos E Reativos De Cargas Não-lineares Residenciais E Comerciais
Authors: Pomilio José Antenor , Deckmann Sigmar Maurer
Published: October 2018

Este artigo utiliza dados experimentais de cargas típicas de uso residencial para verificar seu comportamento como “fonte de corrente” ou “fonte de tensão” harmônica. Discute ainda problemas relacionados com o emprego de técnicas de filtragem ou compensação passiva de harmônicos e de potência reativa. Adicionalmente, com base em medições de campo em redes de distribuição, baixa tensão, em áreas residenciais, identifica-se a proporção entre cargas lineares e não-lineares bem como o tipo de nãolinearidade presente, comprovando as análises realizadas com base em experimentos de laboratório.
Banks’ Lending Relationship Quality Index (LRQI) for the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Review
Authors: Retap Tury , Abdullah Firdaus , Hamali Jamil
Published: October 2018

Stiff competition in the service industry like banking sector has forced banks to search for the best approach to create, attract and retain a segment of satisfied customers. Relationship marketing is a comprehensive strategy used by many service providers to maintain an on-going long-term relationship with their existing customers. A proper implementation of relationship marketing activities is evident from good relationship quality built between the customer and the service provider. Due to the above needs, development of a new measuring instrument (Lending Relationship Quality Index (LRQI) to assess the quality of lending relationship between the banks and their SM E borrowings’ customers, a nationwide survey is proposed to identify factors presumed to influence the quality of lending relationship from SME borrowings’ customers perspective A sample size of 2,000 will be drawn from the SME customers having lending relationship with domestic commercial banks. The sampling procedures to be used for this study will be Convenient Sampling. The items in the questionnaire will be measured on a five-point Likert – type scale. Previous researches had focused on assessing relationship quality between the banks and their customers but have neglected to determine the quality of relationship in the context of lending between the banks and their SME borrowings’ customers. The new measuring instrument will be empirically tested for multi-dimensionality, reliability and validity by using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The findings from this study will add value to the existing literatures on relationship quality by linking the proposed seven factors of lending relationship quality namely, trust, communication quality of relationship, amount of information sharing, long-term relationship orientation, satisfaction with the relationship, closeness and commitment as the independent variables to the dependent variables which consist of lending relationship quality and how it relates to satisfaction and retention.
Globalization Effects on Sub-Saharan Africa: The Impact of International Trade on Poverty and Inequality
Authors: Landry Yao Stephane , Yannick Gahé Zimy Samuel , Xian Ping Zhou
Published: October 2018

In a context of growing cooperation marked by increasing international transactions, the international trade which is a key component of globalization occupied a non-negligible position. Considering the divergence of ideas about the impact of international trade on countries, this paper focuses on the effect of globalization, through international trade, on poverty and inequality in selected developing countries. To do so, three types of (simple and multiple) linear regression models were set namely a naive model which includes only one dependent variable, a standard model and an improved standard model including respectively one and two control variables. The ratio of external trade (sum of exports and imports related to GDP) captured openness in international trade, our main explanatory variable. Poverty was caught using three indicators from the FGT family and inequality by the GINI index. With these variables, we tried to see if there is any relationship between international trade and poverty on the one hand, and between international trade and inequality on the other hand. The findings showed that of the three predefined models only the last two ones were significant to conduct our analysis. Thus, it appeared that international trade, hence globalization, contributes to reducing poverty and inequalities in developing countries. In other words, in these developing countries, increasing openness to international trade goes with a sharp decrease in poverty and inequalities, all other things being equal.