bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information systems as a source of meaningful information in an epidemic: experience and lessons in restoring routine otorhinolaryngology care after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Korneenkov A. A. , Ovchinnikov P. A. , Vyazemskaya E. A. , Medvedeva A. Y. , Yanov Yu. K.
Published: May 2024

Introduction.The COVID-19 pandemic has modified the information needs of participants in the public health management system and identified a lack of information for making management and health decisions during the pandemic.

Aim.To summarize and provide a general description of information and data that should be available in the health information system of otorhinolaryngological health facilities for decision-making in epidemic settings based on the results of conducted studies.

Materials and methods. In this study we used our own experience in addressing information challenges on optimization of otorhinolaryngological care both at the height of pandemic and after renewal of scheduled visits and hospital admissions. We considered studies under the auspices of WHO on assessment of the effectiveness of health information systems as a whole and individual works that were carried out to analyse the impact of the pandemic on provision of otorhinolaryngological care.

Resultsand discussion.The content of data used for decision-making in a pandemic has been substantiated in the following areas: 1) provision of health care should be organized as close as possible to the patient’s personalized care plan with due account for temporal and spatial factors – it is proposed to use patient’s geographic data, patient’s health characteristics indicating the date and time they were registered; 2) health care facilities personnel should be ready to provide medical care – it is proposed to use the results of periodic surveys of health care facilities personnel with regard to their awareness of an epidemic, concern about different risks, working conditions satisfaction, motivation, and emotional status; 3) provision of health care should be simulated, and the optimal option for organizing and distributing the workload should be verified and selected – it is proposed to use service algorithms and necessary resources.
Current trends in solving the problem of residual cardiovascular risk
Authors: Obedkova N. Yu. , Guslyakova A. A. , Mal G. S. , Obedkov E. G.
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular mortality is an urgent health problem not only in the Russian Federation, but also throughout the world. Patients of high cardiovascular risk, which suffering from ischemic heart disease and attending dyslipidemia, remain with high residual risk of cardiovascular complications such as unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke even in the case of achieved target level of atherogenic lipoproteins, no matter effective multicomponent hypolipidemic therapy. This article reviews the relevant scientific literature, meta-analyses of studies, randomized clinical trials of lipid-lowering drugs, examines the main reasons for the persistence of residual cardiovascular risk, evaluates the role of each clinical diagnostic marker in its progression, among which are the level of lipoprotein (a), triglycerides and other atherogenic lipoproteins, persistent aseptic inflammation of the vascular wall, the markers of which are highly sensitive C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β. Possible therapeutic strategies for reducing residual risk depending on the etiological factor are discussed including the effectiveness in reducing residual cardiovascular risk with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibrates, options for RNA interference with small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides usage, lipoprotein apheresis, as well as anti-inflammatory therapy using colchicine, low doses of methotrexate and monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the production of proinflammatory interleukins. Assessing a patient’s residual risk in clinical practice allows us to determine the insufficiency or ineffectiveness of secondary prevention measures and choose a different, more modern or comprehensive tactic for cardiovascular risk reducing.
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: a case report
Authors: Hudiakova N. V. , Pchelin I. Yu. , Shishkin A. N. , Vasilev P. V. , Semigolovskii N. Yu. , Mazurenko S. O. , Smirnov V. V. , Ivanov N. V.
Published: May 2024

In this article, we described а clinical case of a 32-year-old patient with late diagnosis of adrenomyeloneuropathy manifested with gradually increasing neurologic symptoms, mistakenly considered as hereditary spastic paraparesis, later joined by adrenal insufficiency. It is known that ALD is characterized by a pronounced phenotypic polymorphism, which is associated with differences in penetrance and expression of the abnormal gene. The patient was examined for pathogenic mutations associated with spastic paraplegia and hereditary diseases with similar phenotypic manifestations (Neurodegenerative Diseases panel including analysis of 723 genes). No significant changes meeting the search criteria were found. However, the absence of point mutations associated with ALD does not exclude this diagnosis, but requires the exclusion of chromosomal rearrangements by sequencing the ABCD1 gene. This study was not performed on the patient, which subsequently led to the misdiagnosis. Despite the fact that current clinical guidelines allow the diagnosis of ALD without genetic confirmation, due to the variety of ALD “masks” and frequent untimely diagnosis of this disease, sequencing of the ABCD1 gene is advisable. In order to correct adrenal insufficiency, the patient was prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with hydrocortisone, which eliminated the main clinical manifestations and partially laboratory signs of hypocorticism. However, corticotropin levels indicated inadequacy of HRT and increased risk of secondary corticotropinoma growth. However, the patient has been receiving intrathecal therapy with the GABA agonist baclofen for the past five years. The literature has not yet described the response of stress hormones to intrathecal administration of baclofen in patients with primary hypocorticism. The few data available indicate that GABA agonists may have a multidirectional effect on hypothalamic-pituitary function; therefore, it is difficult to determine the contribution of this effect on corticotropin secretion in this patient.
Metabolic background as the basis for comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Ushanova F. O.
Published: May 2024

The main cause of death among people with DM2 is atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ARDS), the risk of which in this cohort increases 2–4 times. The features of the metabolic background in comorbid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized by an aggressive course of dyslipidemia with a predominance of its atherogenic forms. Despite the achievement of lipid targets on the background of statin therapy, the residual risk of cardiovascular diseases in this group of patients remains quite high. The results of a number of major research papers indicate that hypertriglyceridemia may play an important role in this. In this regard, triglycerides (TG) are no less important for the prevention and control of cardiovascular risk in carbohydrate metabolism disorders, in addition to LDL. According to the consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society, the risk of ASD becomes clinically significant at an empty stomach TG level >1.7 mmol/l. The main tool for controlling hypertriglyceridemia today is fibrate therapy. According to available data, the combination of statins and fenofibrate is more effective in reducing total cholesterol, LDL, TG and increasing HDL. To date, fenofibrate is the only molecule that has shown an optimal safety profile and reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. In the Russian clinical guidelines on lipid metabolism disorders from 2023, it was proposed to divide patients into 3 main categories according to the severity of the increase in TG, on which the management tactics depend: 1.7–2.3 mmol/l; 2.3–5 mmol/l; ≥5 mmol/l. In individuals with TG levels >2.3 mmol/l on the background of moderate or high intensity statin therapy, the use of fenofibrate is recommended, preferably in combination with statins.
Predictors of morphofunctional features of somatotrophic tumors and of the effectiveness of treatment with first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands
Authors: Pronin E. V. , Pronin V. S. , Antsiferov M. B. , Petryaykin A. V. , Alexeeva T. M. , Lapshina A. M. , Urusova L. S. , Khoruzhaya A. N. , Tamaeva S. M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Timely differential diagnosis between densely and sparsely granulated somatotrophic tumors allows predicting the most probable scenario of acromegaly course, receptor phenotype and proliferative potential of tumor cells, risk of continued postoperative growth, as well as the efficacy of planned drug therapy with first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands.

Aim. To validate cytological, radiological and therapeutic predictors allowing to evaluate the morphofunctional composition of somatotrophic tumors and to predict sensitivity to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands.

Materials and methods. 525 patients (153 men) aged 60.2 ± 14.0 years receiving drug therapy with first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands for 72.0 ± 51.9 months were examined.

Results. Treatment efficacy was evaluated according to the final level of IGF-1 index (≤1) and compared with the data of pathomorphologic (97 patients) and repeated radiologic (53 patients) examination. The influence of cellular composition of densely and sparsely granulated somatotrophic tumors on immunohistochemical and radiologic characteristics with the designation of leading predictors of morphologic identification of somatotrophic tumors was investigated. Additional radio markers for quantitative assessment of relative intensity of tumor signal on T2-, T1and (T2-T1)-weighted MRI for non-invasive differential diagnostics of densely and sparsely granulated somatotrophic tumors and determination of optimal treatment tactics were proposed. The expediency of using pharmacotherapeutic testing with short-term (3–6 months) first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands administration to assess the intactness of receptor and postreceptor mechanisms and to choose optimal drug therapy was substantiated.

Conclusion. The precision approach based on comprehensive clinical, radiological, pathomorphological and functional characteristics allows stratification of patients with acromegaly to optimize treatment benefit. Achievement of acromegaly control in drug therapy with first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands depends on tumor volume and its hormonal activity, absolute and relative expression of the 2nd subtype of somatostatin receptors, severity of destructive changes and features of cellular composition. In case of refractoriness to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands, the use of pegvisomant is expedient.
Collaboration of alogliptin and pioglitazone: a double hit on the target
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Kovalevskaya E. A. , Ilyinskaya Т. A.
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus is not only a problem of hyperglycemia, but is also associated with severe cardiovascular disease and fatal outcomes. Currently, glucose-lowering drugs are considered not only as effective glucose-reducing agents, but also as cardiosafe or even cardioprotective agents. Fixed combinations of glucose-lowering drugs of various groups with combined mechanisms of pharmacological effects on glycemic levels are more effective than monotherapy. The reincarnation of thiazolidinediones has contributed to the creation of various variants of these combinations. The study of the pleiotropic effects of pioglitazone in the form of an effect on myocardial remodeling, as well as the identified antifibrotic and antiatherosclerotic properties, has opened up new opportunities for the use of this drug both in monotherapy and in combination with other hypoglycemic agents. In turn, the antiatherosclerotic properties of alogliptin have been proven in various studies. As a result, the combination of “pioglitazone/alogliptin” showed a significantly greater hypoglycemic effect than the individual use of these drugs, along with a proven cardioprotective effect, a low risk of hypoglycemia, improved pancreatic function and no increase in side effects. Despite the pharmacological differences between these drugs (in the form of different onset of action), in the end the combination of “pioglitazone/alogliptin” from a pharmacodynamic point of view shows higher effectiveness than each drug separately in the form of improved myocardial remodeling, reduced formation of fibrosis, slowed down the development of atherosclerosis, reduced activity of chronic inflammation. The combination of two drugs in one tablet improves patient adherence to treatment, making it more likely to achieve glycemic goals and prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Experience in the use of non-immunogenic recombinant staphylokinase in the treatment of massive pulmonary embolism
Authors: Semigolovskii N. Yu. , Simutis I. S. , Salygina D. S. , Danilov M. S. , Svetlikov A. V. , Semigolovskii S. N.
Published: May 2024

The actuality of the problem of pulmonary embolism is due to the widespread occurrence of this complication with unpredictable consequences, including hemodynamic instability, arterial hypotension, shock, disability and sudden death. Pulmonary embolism is now considered in developed countries as the most common cause of preventable inhospital death and maternal mortality. Thrombolytic therapy is used for intermediate and high-risk pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic instability of the patient, however, there is also ongoing discussion about the possibilities of its implementation in normotensive patients under certain conditions. Currently, streptokinase, urokinase and alteplase (Actilize and Revelise in Russia) are used for thrombolytic therapy of pulmonary embolism. Indications for use in pulmonary embolism have been expanded recently for the already wellknown domestic thrombolytic non-immunogenic staphylokinase (Fortelizin®), which has proven itself in patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke. A clinical case of delayed (on the 4th day of hospitalization) use of Fortelisin with a positive effect in a 49-year-old normotensive anemized patient with syncope in the PE debut with non-occlusive thrombosis of the posterior tibial veins without flotation of blood clots is presented. The features of Fortelizin, which favorably distinguish it from other thrombolytic agents, are: the highest fibrin selectivity; the possibility of bolus administration of a fixed dosage, independent of the patient’s body weight; safety of repeated administration; high rate of onset of effect; prevention of a significant decrease in blood fibrinogen levels, which reduces the risk of bleeding. Thus, the use of the domestic thrombolytic recombinant non-immunogenic staphylokinase drug Fortelizin, taking into account the data of the conducted studies and the described case, seems to be a successful example of import substitution in medicine.
Phenylpiracetam: molecular mechanisms of effects in obesity
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Lazebnik L. B.
Published: May 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MS), including hyperlipidemia and obesity, is a proven risk factor not only for cerebrovascular diseases. Obesity is a dangerous comorbid condition in patients, complicating cerebrovascular pathology, asthenic conditions, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, alcoholism and other diseases accompanied by dysmetabolic disorders. Fundamental and clinical studies of the nootropic fonturacetam (Actitropil) have shown that the drug can be used not only for a wide range of cerebrovascular diseases, asthenia, etc., but also for obesity. The mechanisms of action of fonturacetam in producing pharmacological effects that reduce excess appetite and prevent the accumulation of excess body weight were studied in chemoreactomic analysis. Regulation of the metabolic effectiveness of Phenylpiracetam is based on multi-level correction of target transmitters and receptors that control the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates (influence on leptin, cannabinoid receptors, adrenoreceptors, peroxisome receptors). Phenylpiracetam activates the adrenaline, adenosine, glucagon-like peptide, sphingosine phosphate and peroxisome proliferators (PPARG) receptors and inhibits the cannabinoid, opioid, histamine, glutamate, nociceptin, orexin, neuropeptide Y receptors. The resulting pharmacological properties indicate important pathophysiological effects of phenylpiracetam for the treatment of obesity. A decrease in the rate of fat mass gain when taking Phenylpiracetam is noted due to an improvement in the quality of night sleep. Chemoreactomic analysis of Actitropil indicated new molecular mechanisms of the pharmacological action of the molecule, which reduces excess appetite and prevents the accumulation of excess body weight. Phenylpiracetam (Actitropil) is distinguished by a balance of effectiveness, a high safety profile with no addiction to the drug and safety. Thus, Phenylpiracetam is a racetam that exhibits nootropic, antiasthenic and lipotropic effects.
In vitro Metabolism and Cytotoxicity of Parthenolide: The Complete Identification of the Major Oxidative Product and the Evaluation of Trypanocidal and Leishmanicidal Activities
Authors: Silvério Maíra , Callejon Daniel Roberto , Batista Jr. João , Riul Thalita , de Oliveira Anderson Rodrigo , Lopes Norberto
Published: May 2024

Parthenolide (PTN) is a secondary metabolite of the plant Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip. and is considered the chemical marker of this species. This sesquiterpene lactone (germacrene skeleton) has been described as responsible for the biological activity of the leaf extract. In addition, several studies in the literature have demonstrated its antiparasitic and antineoplastic activity. However, there is a need for knowledge of other safety parameters, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity evaluations. Therefore, in this investigation, the in vitro metabolism of parthenolide was performed with rat liver microsomes and biomimetic metabolism (such as cytochrome P-450 system) using organometallic catalysts. The biomimetic procedure was validated since the major compound of biomimetic oxidative reaction with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by metalloporphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron(III) chloride was also observed with rat liver microsomes. Previous chemoenzymatic synthesis studies of PTN afforded the same epoxide formation, this major oxidative compound was isolated and fully characterized as (1R,10R)-epoxyparthenolide based on experimental and theoretical calculations of infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data at the B3PW91/6-311G. Furthermore, for the first time, this metabolite was evaluated for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for PTN than its metabolite and showed significant cytotoxic effects for both parasites. This finding holds promise for addressing neglected diseases.
Transcriptional Regulation of Circadian Rhythm System for Developmental Stages in Cucumis melo L.: A Bioinformatic Study
Authors: Gürkök Tan Tugba , Derelli Tüfekçi Ebru
Published: May 2024

Circadian rhythm is defined biochemical, physiological, metabolic and behavioral responses of all living organisms such as bacteria, mammals, fungi and plants within a 24-hour light and dark photoperiod. In plants, circadian rhythm regulates multiple physiological, metabolic and behavioral processes such as stomatal and leaf movements, stem elongation, enzyme activity and aging. Circadian clock genes are known to play a role in regulating the biosynthesis of phytohormones which are involved in many crucial processes such as seed germination, hypocotyl elongation and photosynthesis. Circadian rhythm regulates and optimizes physiological and molecular mechanisms in a diurnal cycle, anticipating seasonal changes and preparing the plant for different environmental conditions in plant. Circadian rhythm also plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Melon is a diploid species and one of the most important Cucurbitaceae family members. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between different developmental processes and circadian rhythm in melon. The relationship between circadian rhythm and growth, development and resistance in melon a detailed understanding of the relationship will help to improve future agricultural production and ground for further research on tolerance to environmental stresses will be created.
Trend Analysis of Drought Severity in Southeast Region of Türkiye
Authors: Yaşa İslam , Partal Turgay
Published: May 2024

The study of drought, one of the many problems caused by climate change, enables the planning of water use and water resources. The increase or decrease in drought severity, which is one of the drought parameters, is an important source of information in terms of predetermining the consequences that may arise due to drought. In this study, drought analysis was conducted for 1-, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month time periods with the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) using long-term precipitation data of four stations in the Tigris River basin from 1960 to 2022. Drought duration and severity series were obtained from drought index values, and the trends of drought severity series were calculated with Mann-Kendall (MK) and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) tests. According to the results, the ITA test was found to be more sensitive in detecting trends in drought severity series compared to the MK test. According to the MK test, drought did not show a significant increase or decrease. On the other hand, according to the ITA test, drought increased at 1- and 12-month scales at Siirt and Batman stations, respectively, and at 1- and 12-month scales at Diyarbakır station. Drought increased in all time periods at Mardin station.
Pamukçu ve Aslıhantepecik Ovası Sulamasında Sulama Performansının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Balaban Elif , Candoğan Burak Nazmi
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmada Balıkesir ilinde bulunan Balıkesir Sulama Birliği’ne bağlı Pamukçu ve Aslıhantepecik Ovası Sulaması sulama performansı 2016-2018 yılları için değerlendirilmiştir. Performans değerlendirmesinde Sulama ve Drenajda Uluslararası Teknoloji ve Araştırma Programı (IPTRID) tarafından önerilen su kullanım, mali ve bitkisel üretim performansı başlıkları altında, toplam 15 adet performans göstergesinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamalara göre, birim alana dağıtılan yıllık sulama suyu miktarı 7888.61-9859.57 m3/ha, birim sulanan alana dağıtılan yıllık sulama suyu miktarı ortalaması 13202.42 m3/ha, yıllık su temini oranı 1.37-1.70, sulama oranı %65.32-67.06, yatırımın geri dönüşüm oranı %71.65-93.46, birim alana düşen toplam işletme–bakım–yönetim masrafı ortalaması 321.45 TL/ha, su dağıtımında istihdam edilen her bir kişiye düşen toplam masraf 22426.07-33866.17 TL/kişi, su ücreti toplama performansı %73.81-83.07, birim alana düşen personel sayısı 2.7-3.2 kişi/1000 ha, birim sulama suyuna karşılık elde edilen ortalama gelir 0.027 TL/m3, yıllık toplam tarımsal üretim miktarı 94530.71-129667.535 ton, yıllık toplam tarımsal üretim değeri 34099273-43536755 TL, birim sulama alanına karşılık elde edilen gelir 7688.67-9830.13 TL/ha, sulanan birim alana karşılık elde edilen gelir 11769.64-14809.03 TL/ha, şebekeye alınan birim sulama suyuna karşılık elde edilen gelir 0.91-1.24 TL/m3 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda şebekeye aşırı su verilmesi dışında diğer göstergeler bakımından sulama şebekesinin başarılı bir performans gösterdiği söylenebilir.
Ev Yapımı Alkollü İçeceklerde Etanolün Kalitatif Tespitinde Raman Spektroskopisi ve Temel Bileşenler Analizi
Authors: Açıkgöz Güneş
Published: May 2024

Etanol içeren alkollü ve gazlı içeceklerin fazla miktarda etanol tüketimi, muhakeme yeteneğinin bozulmasına, bilinç kaybına, komaya ve hatta ölüme neden olmaktadır. Çalışmada, Türkiye’ye özgü bir alkollü içecek olan Boğma Rakı’daki etanolün Raman Spektroskopisi ve Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA) metodu ile kalitatif analizi amaçlanmıştır. Farklı koşullarda üretimi yapıldığı bilinen Boğma Rakı numunelerinde (22 adet) bulunan etanole ait spesifik bantlar, Raman spektroskopisi kullanılarak incelendi. Elde edilen verilere PCA metodunun uygulanması için OriginPro 2022 programı kullanıldı. Çalışmada, 100-1600 1/cm aralığında etanole ait en belirgin bandın 883 1/cm’de olduğu gözlendi. Numunelerin sınıflandırılması amacıyla kullanılan PCA metodu sonucunda iki tane PCs (Principal Components) değeri elde edildi. Toplam PC1 değeri %95.22 ve toplam PC2 değeri ise %4.64 olarak elde edildi ve bu değerlerin toplamının veri setinin toplam varyansının %99.86'sını oluşturduğu görüldü. Elde edilen PC1 ve PC2 değerlerinin numunelerin etanol ile ilgili olduğu saptandı. Alkollü içeceklerin Raman spektroskopisi incelenmesinin ve elde edilen verilere kemometrik metotların uygulanması, alkollü içeceklerde bulunan etanolün tespitinde etkili olduğu görüldü. Çalışmada, Raman spektroskopisinin PCA metodu ile kombinasyonunun kaçak veya yasal olmayan yollarla üretilen alkollü içeceklerdeki bileşenlerin kontrolünde tarama yöntemi olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varıldı.
Bibliometric Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Studies in Pharmacology Journals
Authors: Özkan Mazhar , Yüksel Tuğba Nurcan , Tozoğlu Fatih
Published: May 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neurological disease with a global impact on patients' lives. Our study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research published in the field of pharmacology over the past decade. We retrieved original articles on MS from pharmacology journals in the last ten years through the Scopus database. The collected data underwent analysis using VOSViewer software, examining relationships between studies based on parameters such as citation, authorship, and organizations. In our country-based analysis, the United States emerged with the highest document count, totaling 350, followed by Germany with 210 documents. Claudio Viegas holds the top position with four publications in the last decade. The most prolific organization identified was associated with the Biogen-Cambridge-MA-United States group. However, Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand, specifically the Department of Psychiatry, received the most citations. The most cited document was "Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders," while the study with the highest citations was Ferreria-Vieira et al.'s (2016) work published in Current Neuropharmacology. Research efforts on MS treatment are evidently growing, with diverse research groups contributing worldwide. We anticipate that our study will provide valuable guidance to researchers in the field by shedding light on significant research and their interconnections in recent years.
Recent Advances in Trifluoromethylation of Olefins, Aldehydes, and Ketones
Authors: Bai Mengran , Zhang Liyuan , Liu Lu , Jia Chenyu , Zheng Yuting , Shang Huijian , Sun Hui , Cui Bin
Published: May 2024

:

Due to the robust electrophilic properties of the trifluoromethyl group (-CF3), its
incorporation into organic compounds can markedly alter their ester affinity, stability, bioavailability,
and other properties. The trifluoromethylation reaction is currently experiencing
rapid advancement, with an expanding array of substrates and the emergence of novel
methodologies. Consequently, compounds containing the -CF3 moiety find extensive utility
across diverse fields. This article aims to comprehensively review the latest advancements
in trifluoromethylation reaction of olefins, aldehydes, and ketones, encompassing
nucleophilic trifluoromethylation, electrophilic trifluoromethylation, and radical trifluoromethylation.
The discussion includes an exploration of the types and broadening scope of
applicable substrates. Furthermore, this article addresses the associated challenges and delineates
prospective directions for future developments in trifluoromethyl reaction.
The Effectiveness of LISTEXTM P100 in Reducing the Biofilm of Listeria spp. on Steel, Plastic, and Galvanised Surfaces
Authors: AlMatar Manaf , Var Isil , Saglam Selin , Albarri Osman
Published: May 2024

Background:

Eliminating and managing L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L.
ivanovii biofilms is a significant problem for food safety, as listeriosis is among the worst foodborne
illnesses.

Methods:

The Listex P100 bacteriophage's bactericidal and inhibitory properties have been investigated
in relation to varying strains of vegetative cells and biofilms of L. monocytogenes, L.
welshimeri, and L. ivanovii.

Results:

The phage concentrations of 109 and 1010 PFU/ml showed strong antibacterial activity
against L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii at both 10°C and 30°C (P<0.05). In 96-
well microplate experiments, bacteriophage treatment inhibited biofilm development and reduced
biofilm by up to 57.6% (P ≤ 0.05). When compared to controls, Listex P100 bacteriophage
significantly reduced the populations of L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii
biofilms on the surfaces of galvanised, stainless steel, and plastic surfaces where holes were
produced and the structure of Listeria spp. was disturbed.

Conclusion:

This study clearly demonstrated that L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii
biofilms on galvanised, stainless steel, and plastic surfaces might be removed by using
Listex P100 bacteriophage.
Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray: An Assessment of Respiratory Health
and its Management Following Accidental and Deliberate Exposures
Authors: Patowary Pompy , Pathak Manash Pratim , Barbhuiya Pervej Alom , Karmakar Sanjeev , Chattopadhyay Pronobesh , Zaman Kamaruz
Published: May 2024

Introduced into law enforcement in 1976, the oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray has been
labeled as one of the most significant and radical developments in law enforcement. However, epidemiological
research on OC health effects is deficient, receiving little public support. The major
responses to acute exposure to OC spray can be found in the pulmonary system. The molecular
mechanism(s) involved in the action of capsaicinoids, the active constituents in OC, are complex
cascades of reactions which end up in necrosis or apoptosis. OC may also damage and deplete biological
redox systems in the epithelial lining fluids and within cells and mitochondria, modifying
structural proteins and nucleic acids and leading to enzyme inactivation. Since there are no characteristic
laboratory tests available for identification or confirmation of OC exposure, and on the basis
of prevailing data, reassessment of the health risks of OC exposures in vulnerable populations
and in-depth study of the molecular mechanics of receptors is the need of the hour for the development
of effective countermeasures. This review aims to consider evidence for adverse effects of
OC spray used in ways comparable to their application by law enforcement personnel and
civilians, with possible treatment recommendations that are precedent for improved management.
Construction of an Adenovirus Vector with Laco-regulated Antigen Expression Using the SARS-Cov-2 Spike as a Transgene Model
Authors: Artarini Anita , Bassalamah Annisa Rahma , Arbuati Arrie Arifa , Hadianti Tia , Prasetya Katherine Vanya , Tan Marselina Irasonia , Natalia Dessy , Riani Catur , Giri-Rachman Ernawati Arifin
Published: May 2024

Background:

The adenovirus vector has been widely studied for vaccines and gene therapies.
During the production of the adenovirus vector, a high virus titer is desired to obtain enough
virus. The adenovirus vector has been widely studied for the vaccinations and gene therapies, where
a high virus titer is desired to obtain sufficient quantities of the virus. For an adenovirus vector-based
vaccine, suppression of antigen expression during production would improve the virus titer during
production.

Objective:

This study aimed to construct an adenovirus vector with lacO-regulated antigen expression
using the SARS-CoV-2 spike as a transgene model, which would improve the adenovirus titer
during production.

Methods:

The lacO expression cassette was designed and prepared as a synthetic gene in pUC57.
The lacO expression cassette was then subcloned into pShuttle-CMV. The SARS-CoV-2 spike gene
was then inserted into the pShuttle-CMV harboring lacO to generate pShuttle-lacO_S and pShuttlelacO-
intron_S. Recombinant pShuttle was then used to generate a recombinant adenovirus genome
using Escherichia coli BJ5183 pAdeasy-1. Transfection of the PacI-linearized adenovirus genome into
AD293 and HEK293 cells was used to generate adenovirus primary stock for 14 days of incubation.

Results:

Recombinant adenovirus genomes, pAdeasy-lacO_S and pAdeasy-lacO-intron_S, were
successfully generated and characterized using PacI restriction and PCR. In the production of adenovirus
primary stocks, the adenovirus titer produced in AD293 cells was higher than in HEK293
cells. The primary stock titer of AdV_lacO-intron-S was higher than AdV_lacO-S and AdV_S titers.

Conclusion:

Production of adenovirus with lacO and spike gene, either with or without intron, was
successful with a higher titer as compared to AdV_S titer.
Educação a distância e ensino remoto: Oposição pelo vértice
Authors: Veloso Braian , Mill Daniel
Published: May 2024

A pandemia de Covid-19 trouxe uma série de implicações para a sociedade, incidindo diretamente sobre a educação na medida em que foram paralisadas as atividades presenciais como forma de conter a transmissão do novo coronavírus. Nesse sentido, visando mitigar os problemas decorrentes da paralisação das aulas, adotou-se aquilo que, apesar de algumas variações terminológicas, se convencionou chamar de Ensino Remoto (ER), opondo-o à Educação a Distância (EaD). Neste ensaio, temos como objetivo avaliar as aparentes distinções, problematizando-as. Para tanto, retomamos debates e discussões recentes, apresentando algumas antíteses para certas teses até então sustentadas. Concluímos que os esforços voltados a separar diametralmente as duas realidades são, em muitos sentidos, equivocados, porquanto não dão conta de balizar aquilo que só pode ser apreendido por meio da materialização num contexto histórico-social. Defendemos, sob esse prisma, que o ER, se se quer preservar sua dimensão emergencial, nada mais é do que uma configuração possível para tudo aquilo que chamamos de EaD, pois compreende, fundamentalmente, a separação no espaço e/ou no tempo entre os sujeitos, bem como o uso de tecnologias que viabilizam a mediação pedagógica.
Is there a “Flight to liquidity” phenomenon in the Saudi stock market?
Authors:   Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business Administration, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, Bensoltane Héla ,   Univ. Manouba, ESCT, LARIMRAF LR21ES29, Campus Universitaire Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
Published: May 2024

The study examines how market illiquidity shocks affect stock prices and explores the "flight to liquidity" phenomenon in the largest stock market in the Middle East, specifically the Saudi stock market. It analyzes the relationship between these shocks and stock prices to understand the impact on both small and large firms. Utilizing a comprehensive database that contains daily data of all stocks listed on the Saudi stock market for over 20 years, the research evaluates the illiquidity of each stock and the entire market on a weekly basis. Market illiquidity shocks are determined using an autoregressive model, and the effect of these shocks on Saudi stock prices is assessed through illiquidity betas in linear regressions for both large and small firms. Initial findings show that illiquidity shocks were significant during periods of oil price declines and global financial crises. The results confirm that stock prices fall in response to market illiquidity shocks, with the impact varying by firm size; larger firms' stocks are less affected, indicating a flight to liquidity towards larger firms during market downturns. This pattern aligns with observations in the US and some emerging markets.
Experience of Implementation of the Lean Production Concept at the Enterprise of Thermal Insulating Materials Market
Authors: Kondakov M. V.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. The construction industry produces a third of global waste, much of it is not recycled, ending up in landfills and polluting the environment. Between 2000 and 2020, the volume of construction work has increased more than 12-fold. The flip side of the process is a proportional increase in waste. In the insulation materials market and in the construction industry in general, the relevance of the lean manufacturing concept is growing, as it can be used to reduce the amount of resources consumed and increase business efficiency.

Purpose. This article considers the developed measures for implementation of the concept of lean production in the framework of strategic management of the enterprise at the plant of the market of thermal insulation materials.

Objectives. Within the framework of the concept realization the excessive quality is reduced, the system of personnel training is implemented and the level of competitiveness of the enterprise is increased.

Methodology. The object of the study is the plant of Belgorod region, the leader in labor productivity in the city of Belgorod. The works were carried out from 2021 to 2023.

Results. Due to the implemented program labor productivity increased by 2,0%, the number of scrap was reduced from 1,7% to 0,8%, new strategies for the development of the company were developed due to the introduction of personnel training system.

Conclusions. The program of increase of competitiveness of the enterprise of branch of heat-insulating materials on the basis of introduction of the concept of lean production at its projection on other companies given in the present article is perspective in the plan of increase of competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the world arena, in fact the economy of the country depends on efficiency of subjects functioning in it.
An Integrative Approach to the Development of Inclusive Tourism: a Model of Multilevel Interaction of Service Market Entities
Authors: Mustafina A. V. , Pirogova O. E.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. Today, along with the development of inclusive tourism, there is a need for balanced interaction between its participants. This interaction is an essential element for achieving sustainable development of inclusive tourism in the long term.

The purpose is development of a model of interaction in the field of inclusive tourism aimed at optimizing cooperation between key participants in this industry.

Objectives: to determine the role of the state in the development of inclusive tourism, to form a model of the external environment of interaction in inclusive tourism, to analyze the interaction between government agencies, the private sector, non-governmental organizations and consumers in the context of inclusive tourism.

Methodology. The research methodology included the use of subjective, systemic, process and functionalenvironmental approaches to analyze the internal and external environment of interaction in inclusive tourism.

Results. Currently, the problem of inclusive tourism is becoming urgent, which is the newest method of rehabilitation and restoration of human well-being. The intersectoral tourism complex acts as a catalyst for integration and innovation, and supports a variety of tourism products and services. The UNWTO model is universal, but unsuitable for a number of criteria for the specific conditions of individual regions. The State forms a framework for the development of inclusive tourism and participates in the creation of departments and committees that interact with various sectors of the economy and tourism organizations. The presented comprehensive model of interaction is based on the principles of synergy and information exchange between stakeholders.

Conclusions. Effective communication between participants in the tourism market can be achieved through the development and provision of adapted technologies. It is necessary to create an accessible infrastructure, protect the rights and interests of inclusive tourists through joint efforts and the exchange of knowledge and resources. An inclusive tourism system should include not only the adaptation of infrastructure and services, but also educational initiatives. There should be an integrated approach that ensures a strong link between the State, the private sector and public organizations.
Marketplace: Business Model of the Modern Economy
Authors: Pyanova N. V. , Salenkova S. A. , Pyanov R. R. , Kryzhanovskaya O. A.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. The study of the features of the work and development of marketplaces is a relevant area, since these platforms play a significant role in modern society and business, representing a business model of the modern economy. They bring together sellers and buyers, providing the opportunity to sell goods and services over large territories and increase their customer base. Additionally, analyzing the key features of popular e-commerce platforms can help entrepreneurs choose the most suitable platform for their business and determine its advantages and disadvantages. Online stores offer a wide range of products, convenient delivery and discounts for regular customers. In addition, many marketplaces work directly with manufacturers, which allows them to offer products at lower prices. Thus, we can assert the relevance of the study of marketplaces as a business model of the modern economy.

The purpose of the study is to study the features of the operation of distance trading platforms - marketplaces, the history of their origin, the impact on purchasing behavior, key characteristics, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of popular e-commerce platforms.

Objectives: identifying the weaknesses of online stores; identifying possible ways to solve problems arising in this area of business.

Methodology. The following methods were used to study online stores: data analysis, user survey, comparison of various platforms, study of reviews and ratings.

Results. Selling through marketplaces is the business model of the modern economy. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the functioning of marketplaces, their differences from other forms of sales of goods in the conditions of applying a modern business model that is adequate to the real conditions of doing business and economic development.

Conclusions. The use of marketplaces is associated with the ability to minimize the costs of production, sales, purchase or exchange based on building effective interaction on a digital platform and various adaptive combinations of business processes. This allows us to prove the initial assumption that the marketplace is a business model of the modern economy.
Direct Clinical Applications of Natural Language Processing in Common Neurological Disorders: Scoping Review
Authors: Lefkovitz Ilana , Walsh Samantha , Blank Leah J , Jetté Nathalie , Kummer Benjamin R
Published: May 2024

Background

Natural language processing (NLP), a branch of artificial intelligence that analyzes unstructured language, is being increasingly used in health care. However, the extent to which NLP has been formally studied in neurological disorders remains unclear.

Objective

We sought to characterize studies that applied NLP to the diagnosis, prediction, or treatment of common neurological disorders.

Methods

This review followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) standards. The search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase on May 11, 2022. Studies of NLP use in migraine, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, stroke and transient ischemic attack, epilepsy, or multiple sclerosis were included. We excluded conference abstracts, review papers, as well as studies involving heterogeneous clinical populations or indirect clinical uses of NLP. Study characteristics were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. We did not aggregate measurements of performance in our review due to the high variability in study outcomes, which is the main limitation of the study.

Results

In total, 916 studies were identified, of which 41 (4.5%) met all eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Of the 41 included studies, the most frequently represented disorders were stroke and transient ischemic attack (n=20, 49%), followed by epilepsy (n=10, 24%), Alzheimer disease (n=6, 15%), and multiple sclerosis (n=5, 12%). We found no studies of NLP use in migraine or Parkinson disease that met our eligibility criteria. The main objective of NLP was diagnosis (n=20, 49%), followed by disease phenotyping (n=17, 41%), prognostication (n=9, 22%), and treatment (n=4, 10%). In total, 18 (44%) studies used only machine learning approaches, 6 (15%) used only rule-based methods, and 17 (41%) used both.

Conclusions

We found that NLP was most commonly applied for diagnosis, implying a potential role for NLP in augmenting diagnostic accuracy in settings with limited access to neurological expertise. We also found several gaps in neurological NLP research, with few to no studies addressing certain disorders, which may suggest additional areas of inquiry.

Trial Registration

Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42021228703; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=228703
Applications of ChatGPT in Critical Care Medicine: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Yuasnheng , Wang Yuanyuan , Deng Yanjun , Xu Duo , Wang Mingdeng
Published: May 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology has led to an increased application of large language models like ChatGPT in the medical field. Particularly in critical care medicine, ChatGPT, with its robust natural language processing and data integration capabilities, offers significant support and assistance to healthcare providers. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology has led to an increased application of large language models like ChatGPT in the medical field. Particularly in critical care medicine, ChatGPT, with its robust natural language processing and data integration capabilities, offers significant support and assistance to healthcare providers. The research methodology involved a comprehensive review of literature and existing studies pertaining to the utilization of ChatGPT in critical care medicine. Various applications of ChatGPT, ranging from clinical decision support to patient communication and medical documentation, were examined and analyzed. The findings highlight the diverse applications of ChatGPT in critical care medicine, including its role in clinical decision support, patient communication, medical education and training, and medical documentation management. Moreover, the article discusses the challenges encountered in the implementation of ChatGPT, such as privacy concerns and regulatory constraints, and explores potential future development prospects. The findings highlight the diverse applications of ChatGPT in critical care medicine, including its role in clinical decision support, patient communication, medical education and training, and medical documentation management. Moreover, the article discusses the challenges encountered in the implementation of ChatGPT, such as privacy concerns and regulatory constraints, and explores potential future development prospects. none