bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dataflow analysis of vehicle safety computers regarding high-speed maglev transportation based on data priorities
Authors: Chen Yijun , Yu Yi , Zhao Huahua , Zhang Fangqi , Lin Hui , Nai Wei
Published: December 2018

To analyze the dataflow of vehicle safety computers regarding high-speed maglev transportation, it is considerable to add data priorities to the dataflow model of vehicle safety computers to improve the accuracy. With regard to vehicle safety computers, we choose VSC1 as our research object. First, we give a brief summary for the interface relationships of VSC1. Next, we analyze the data priorities of VSC1 in detail. After that, we present the dataflow model of VSC1 with priorities.  Finally, we make a brief conclusion. The structure of the abstract of an article is strictly arranged and should encompass the following points:
Background: Dataflow model of Vehicle Safety Computers regarding high-speed maglev transportation.
Aim: To analyze the dataflow of vehicle safety computers with data priorities.
Methods:  interface analysis, data priority analysis and dataflow chart.
Results: The dataflow model of VSC1 with data priorities is presented.
Conclusion: Adding data priorities to the dataflow model of vehicle safety computers to improve the accuracy is fulfilled. The recommended number of words in the abstract is 500.
Research on mechanism of eddy current in rail of maglev and optimum design of electromagnet
Authors: Liang Fang , He Yunfeng , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2018

Aim: Due to the movement of medium-low speed maglev vehicles, eddy current is generated in the rail, leading to reduced levitation force. This detrimental effect becomes more prominent with increasing velocity. In order to reduce the influence of eddy current effect, the electromagnet is optimized to meet the requirement of vehicle speeding up from 100km/h to 160km/h.
Methods: To maintain a constant levitation force, the current must also increase accordingly resulting in higher power consumption and heat generation. In this paper, a mathematical model is established by analytical method, focusing on the mechanism and influencing factors of eddy current. Three-dimensional transient magnetic field magnet model is analyzed by the ANSYS electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell.
Results: The levitation force is related to five parameters, such as speed, length of the electromagnet, rail height, rail thickness and air gap. According to the finite element simulation results, when the train speed is 160 km/h, the levitation force of the end electromagnet is reduced by about 21.9 %. The levitation force of optimized electromagnet increases by 27 % under the same current, which can compensate for the drop of levitation force caused by eddy current .The levitation force is 41.4 kN at the speed of 160 km/h, which is slightly larger than the 39.6 kN of the former electromagnet static levitation force, which can meet the requirements.
Conclusion: The result confirms that optimization methods proposed above are valid and effective.
High-speed vacuum air vehicle
Authors: Mishra Rajat , Sharma Himashu , Mishra Harshit
Published: December 2018

Background: There are a number of problems in the prior art, those are topics  of research inputs likes  ranges of the drag force generated by the vehicle,  lift force at high vehicle motion velocities for compensation of the vehicle weight, Aerodynamic aspects of operation of the vehicle,
Aim: Stream wise stability of vehicle motion and levitation and breaking of the vehicles and supersonic speed is not achieved in any mode of transportation. But this present invention related to high speed magnetic levitating transportation. More particularly, present invention is related to high speed magnetic levitating transportation using compressed air chamber in the transportation vehicle.
Methods: The present invention is more particularly related to high speed vehicle levitated on a vacuum tunnel by using electromagnetic levitation. As this vehicle will move from one place to another in a vacuum environment and this vehicle will levitate above track with the help of electromagnets.
Results: The important thing is its motion, which is possible due to reaction force of high pressure air, coming out from compressed air chamber present in vehicle.
Conclusion:  It can give us the acceleration as per load requirement and it can achieve supersonic speed in few seconds.
Maglev trends in public transport: the perspectives of maglev transportation systems
Authors: Kluehspies Johannes
Published: December 2018

The idea of considering Maglev systems challenges established ways of thinking on how to deal with an increasing transport demand. Today, the railway industry seems focused on traditional business models that profit from friction, wear and tear of established conventional transport systems. Maglev Systems have begun to challenge those traditional business concepts. Maglev is a fundamentally different concept of transport – which might explain the reluctance, even ignorance, which Maglev systems continue to face.
A representação do negro em sociedades escravocratas das Américas: história, literatura e artes visuais
Authors: Oliveira Solange Ribeiro de
Published: December 2018

Apoiado no testemunho de artistas e historiadores, o artigo argumenta que o objeto artístico pode atuar tanto para reforçar quanto para contestar tradições incrustadas na memória coletiva das nações. Nesse sentido, analisa o papel da arte visual como tão importante quanto o de documentos escritos da história e da literatura. A título de exemplo, focalizam-se diferentes formas de representação do negro em sociedades escravocratas, começando com a pintura oitocentista de Jean-Baptiste Debret. Segue-se a análise da função da fotografia, que, inventada no mesmo século, mostrou-se igualmente enredada nos fatos sociais. Nas artes contemporâneas, o trabalho destaca a atuação contestadora de Fred Wilson, artista e historiador norte-americano, de Adriana Varejão e dos poetas Márcio Barbosa e Oliveira Silveira.
Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Alan Çocukların Okul Olgunluğu Düzeylerinin ve Okul Olgunluğuna İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZYURT Melike , GÜZEL Nezahat
Published: December 2018

Bu araştırmada, okul öncesi eğitimi alan çocukların okul olgunluğu
düzeylerinin eğitim alma süresi, eğitim gördüğü okul türü, cinsiyet ve ay bakımından
yaşı açısından incelenmesi, ayrıca öğretmenlerin okul öncesi eğitimi ile okul
olgunluğu kavramına ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Karma
araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı araştırmanın deseni açıklayıcı sıralı desen
olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi, 2016-2017 öğretim yılında
Gaziantep ili Şahinbey ve Şehitkamil ilçelerinin Milli Eğitim Müdürlüklerine
bağlı, tabakalı örnekleme ile belirlenmiş beş okulda eğitim gören 221 çocuk ile
bu okullarda görev yapmakta olup maksimum çeşitlilik örneklem ilkesiyle
belirlenen 5 sınıf öğretmeni ve 5 okul öncesi öğretmeni olmak üzere toplam 10
öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Metropolitan
Okul Olgunluğu Testi ve görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi aşamasında
araştırmanın nicel verileri için bağımsız gruplar t-testi ve ANOVA, nitel verileri
için ise betimsel analiz uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, okul
öncesi eğitim alma süresi ve ay bakımından yaşı arttıkça çocukların okul
olgunluğu puan ortalamalarında artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Okul türü
değişkenine göre ise ‘Bağımsız’ anaokullarındaki çocukların okul olgunluğu puan
ortalamalarının, ‘ilkokul’ bünyesindeki ana sınıflarında eğitim gören
çocuklardan daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada ayrıca
öğretmenlerin okul olgunluğuna sahip çocukların ‘Fiziksel ve zihinsel
becerileri gösterme’, ‘Yaşıtlarıyla benzer özellikler gösterme’,‘Sorumluluk
sahibi olma’, ‘Sınıf, okul kurallarını anlayıp bunları uygulayabilme’ ve
‘Kendini rahatça ifade edebilme’ özellikleri göstermesini beklediği tespit
edilmiştir.
Cerebrovascular Lesions in Alzheimer-associated Diseases – A Neuropathological Study with 7.0-tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Reuck Jacques De ,   Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Université de Lille 2, INSERM U1171, Lille, France
Published: December 2018

Mixed dementias are clinically under-recognised and need neuropathological confirmation. The most frequent types are those composed of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), cerebral arteriosclerotic micro-angiopathy (CAMA) and Lewy body disease (LBD). The present neuropathological study with 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compares the impact and the distribution of cerebrovascular lesions between unmixed AD brains to those with different types of associated disorders. Twenty-six unmixed AD brains were compared to 12 associated with LBD, eight with CAMA and 24 with CAA. On neuropathological examination brains with AD-CAA had the most severe cerebrovascular lesions, those with AD-CAMA had a higher number of lacunes and in the AD-LBD brains only an increase of cortical micro-infarcts was observed. On MRI examination, white matter changes were only increased in the AD-CAA group. Cortical micro-infarcts were significantly more frequent in all the sections of the AD-CAA and AD-CAMA groups. In the AD-LBD brains, they were only moderately more common in the occipital section. Cortical micro-bleeds were observed in all mixed dementia cases. A moderate amount of superficial siderosis was only seen in the AD-CAA brains. The present study confirms our previous findings that CAA and CAMA are the main causes of occurrence of different cerebrovascular lesions in the mixed AD brains.
Management of Migraine and the Accessibility of Specialist Care – Findings from a Multi-national Assessment of 28 Healthcare Networks
Authors: Kainth Pinay ,   Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc., Dorval, Quebec, Canada, Murphy Niamh ,   Novartis Ireland Limited, Dublin, Ireland, Rossi Silvia ,   Novartis Farma S.p.A, Origgio (VA), Italy, Talabardon Jean-Noël ,   Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland, Pedrazzoli Marco ,   LSC Lifesciences Consultants, Milan, Italy, Mascagni Leonardo ,   LSC Lifesciences Consultants, Milan, Italy, Menarini Irene ,   LSC Lifesciences Consultants, Milan, Italy
Published: December 2018

Introduction:Migraine is one of the leading reasons for patient access to neurology services. Waiting lists can limit patients’ ability to access specialist care, even at specialised headache centres. Our study aims to investigate this issue, identify possible root causes and also document existing good practices.Methods:We conducted a study in a sample of 28 headache centres and their networks in six countries by performing in-depth interviews with 166 healthcare professionals.Results:The waiting list for new patients and follow-up visits exceeded 3 months in 61% and 36% of centres, respectively. Patients waited on average 6 months for their first consultation, with peaks beyond 12 months. Five areas were identified as common rootcauses:(1) inappropriate referral of patients with low-frequency episodic migraine or patients under acute treatment, (2) lack of triage/priority allocation, (3) limited resource availability or resources dedicated to migraine, (4) limited delegation of activities, and (5) suboptimal management of follow-up visits.Conclusion:Our work highlights a gap between best practices for migraine management proposed in the literature and current real-world practice. Guidelines recommend a network approach to bridge different levels of care. Based on our findings, consistency in practice amongst specialised headache clinics and integration with primary care represent an important area for further improvement.
Acute Kidney Injury and Creatine Kinase Elevation After Beginning Treatment with Levetiracetam
Authors: Mena-Martin Francisco-Javier ,   Internal Medicine Service and Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain, Gutierrez-Garcia Alfonso ,   Internal Medicine Service and Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain, Martin-Escudero Juan-Carlos ,   Internal Medicine Service and Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain, Fernandez-Arconada Olga ,   Internal Medicine Service and Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
Published: December 2018

Levetiracetam (LEV) is one of the most common anti-epileptic drugs available. In general, it is tolerated relatively well; the majority of adverse effects are moderate and normally occur during the initial titration. We present a patient who developed two moderately serious adverse effects after an initial LEV dose: a 28-year-old male was admitted to intensive care unit after suffering two generalised seizures, and was given 1000 mg of LEV. Twenty-four hours after admittance, the laboratory tests showed a serum creatinine of 2.84 mg/dL and creatine kinase (CK) of 421 U/L (normal, 0171 U/L). At all times the diuresis was normal, with a maximum value of creatinine of 4.67 mg/dL 48 hours following admittance, and the CK values ranged between 421681 U/L with proteinuria of 840 mg/day. On the seventh day, blood tests showed a CK of 1,559 U/L and a creatinine of 1.55 mg/dL. LEV was progressively substituted for lacosamide, after which creatinine, CK and albumin excretion rate were normalised. Thus, CK and renal function during treatment with LEV should be monitored, and acute kidney injury due to LEV should be considered in the differential diagnosis for any unexplained acute renal failure.
Herpes Zoster Radiculopathy in a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient – A Case Report
Authors: Purbasari Bethasiwi ,   Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia,   Applied Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan, Kurniawan Shahdevi Nandar ,   Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
Published: December 2018

Background:Motor neuropathy is an extremely rare herpes complication, with a mere prevalence of 0.55%. The case of segmental zoster paresis of limbs, resulting from motor radiculopathy, is especially limited, with cervical and thoracic segments being the least frequent.Setting:Neurology outpatient clinic. CaseDescription:We report a case of a 16-year-old female who presented sudden-onset right upper extremity weakness, a week after her herpes zoster lesions first appeared. As she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 4 months prior, she routinely consumed steroids and azathioprine. Initial examinations revealed multiple vesicles along right C5-C6 roots dermatome accompanied by upper right extremity weakness (manual muscle test [MMT] 3) corresponding to the myotome of C5-C6 roots. An electromyography assessment uncovered results relevant to motor root neuritis in C5-C6. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical radix with contrast showed no abnormality. Thus, she received acyclovir, gabapentin and physiotherapy.Results:A follow-up visit after 2 weeks revealed an improvement of the weakness along C5-C6 myotome (MMT 4). A month later, all motor functions were restored with hypoesthesia and hypoalgesia sensory sequelae along C5-C6 dermatome.Conclusion:Herpes zoster radiculopathy, though rare, can occur after the onset of characteristic rash. Since cellular-mediated immunity holds crucial roles in varicella zoster virus activation, SLE and immunosuppression therapy is pertinent to this rare motoric complication of herpes. The prognosis is good. Acyclovir, gabapentin and physiotherapy treatments resulted in satisfactory recovery.
Charles Bonnet Syndrome as a Rare Complication in an Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Santos Helder ,   Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro Montijo EPE, Barreiro, Portugal, Agrela Pedro ,   General Practice, Centro de Saúde Bom Jesus, Funchal, Portugal, Parente Catarina ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro Montijo EPE, Barreiro, Portugal, Lopes Kelly ,   Department of Pneumology, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro Montijo EPE, Barreiro, Portugal., Santos Sara ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro Montijo EPE, Barreiro, Portugal, Cardoso António ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro Montijo EPE, Barreiro, Portugal, Campante Fátima ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro Montijo EPE, Barreiro, Portugal
Published: December 2018

Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a rare cause of complex visual hallucinations (VH) in individuals with preserved cognitive status. We report a case of an elderly patient with VH, diplopia and headaches for 1 week, with preserved visual acuity and without any strength or focal neurological findings. Computed tomography revealed a subacute ischaemic stroke with temporal and occipital involvement. The patient was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine where neurological, ophthalmological and psychiatric primary disease were ruled out, as well as dementia. CBS was assumed as a result of a subacute ischaemic stroke. Valproic acid was initiated to treat the symptoms, which resolved the VH. After 3 months of follow up, the patient remained completely recovered without any dementia signs. CBS is a benign disease, usually controlled without pharmacological therapy and not associated with a psychiatric disease; nevertheless, its association with dementia is not clear.
Prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy
Authors: Ryvlin Philippe ,   Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland, Tomson Torbjörn ,   Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Sweden, Devinsky Orrin ,   NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, US
Published: December 2018

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common cause of death related to epilepsy and is associated with treatment resistance and the presence of generalised tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS, of either focal or generalised onset). While the causative mechanisms of SUDEP are yet to be fully elucidated, it is thought that seizure-induced brainstem suppression, and respiratory and cardiac dysfunction may be involved. Research into SUDEP has identified several risk factors (including frequency of GTCS and male gender) but has also indicated proven or potential preventive strategies, including more effective seizure control. Despite increasing awareness and research into SUDEP, its underlying mechanisms and preventive strategies remain poorly defined. More research is needed into the pathophysiology of SUDEP and to identify predictive biomarkers. Furthermore, clinical trials are warranted to assess outcomes with preventive interventions. We review SUDEP epidemiology and risk factors, and discuss potential measures to reduce SUDEP risk.
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy and Long-term Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis – The Challenge of Treatment Optimisation
Authors: Scalfari Antonio ,   Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK, Muraro Paolo A ,   Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
Published: December 2018

The therapeutic landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been transformed by the advent of several new monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapies that can potentially lead to full stabilisation of detectable disease activity. Natalizumab, alemtuzumab and ocrelizumab are currently licensed MAbs for the treatment of MS. Daclizumab was licensed for the treatment of MS, although it has been recently withdrawn from the market by the manufacturer. Most patients are initially managed with first-line treatments, and, if disease breakthrough occurs, are escalated to a stronger compound, yet the available evidence indicates an early window of therapeutic opportunity for MAbs to exert most of their efficacy. It is important to balance the superior efficacy of MAbs compared with injectable treatments against more serious side effects, although these are well recognised and can be monitored where indicated and treated. In particular, the risk of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with natalizumab can be managed by screening potential patients for the John Cunningham virus. The MAbs also have the benefit of convenience to patients compared with daily or weekly treatments since they are given via less frequent administration. The cost of these treatments, compared with other therapies, may be an important issue in many countries where healthcare budgets are under pressure. The complex decision of choosing the best treatment for an individual should be made jointly between the doctor and the patient after careful consideration of the many factors to be weighed.
Myasthenia Gravis – A Review of Current Therapeutic Options
Authors: Jacob Saiju ,   Queen Elizabeth Neuroscience Centre, University Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Published: December 2018

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue. The autoimmune attack is caused by autoantibodies against the acetylcholine postsynaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles. However, other antigenic targets that are components of the neuromuscular junction have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of MG. The current standard of care is immunosuppressive therapy; however, many existing therapeutic options have not been validated for use in MG in large randomised controlled trials. Furthermore, around 10% of patients with generalised MG are refractory to treatment. The complement system is involved in numerous inflammatory, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, and is a key factor in the pathogenesis of acetylcholine receptor antibody-related MG. Targeting complement and other components involved in the underlying pathogenesis of the disease may provide useful treatment options, particularly for refractory patients.
Neuro-Behçet’s Disease – Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Ozyurt Selen ,   Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey, Sfikakis Petros ,   Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Greece, Siva Aksel ,   Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey, Constantinescu Cris S ,   Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Published: December 2018

Background:Behçet’s disease is a relatively uncommon, inflammatory disorder with characteristic mucocutaneous lesions and multisystem involvement, of unknown aetiology; presumably a vascular autoinflammatory syndrome that develops under combined environmental and genetic influences. As neuro-Behçet’s disease affects the central nervous system in about 10% of cases and in ways that can mimic other neuroinflammatory conditions, awareness of its manifestations, significance, and management is important for neurologists. In March 2017, a mini-symposium at the 11th Congress of Controversies in Neurology in Athens, Greece, was dedicated to specific aspects of Behçet’s and neuro-Behçet’s disease. These included an introduction to Behçet’s disease, pathogenesis and treatment, an overview of its neurological manifestations (neuro-Behçet’s disease) and the differential diagnosis from other neuroinflammatory conditions. Illustrative case reports were used.Objectives:To provide a brief overview of neuro-Behçet’s disease that is informative for clinical neurological practice and that follows the structure of the 2017 mini-symposium.Data sources:Relevant recent comprehensive reviews of the subject and relevant original articles and case reports were provided by each speaker at the mini-symposium. This article contains some of these sources and some additions where necessary to emphasise specific points. References are also provided for more comprehensive recent reviews.Limitations:The mini-symposium was an opportunity for providing a brief update and overview of neuro-Behçet’s disease and to exchange ideas and experience among neurologists. As such, it was found to be helpful, but also limited in scope. This resultant article refers to comprehensive reviews on the topic but is not in itself a comprehensive systematic review.Conclusions:Neuro-Bechet’s disease comprises largely two forms, parenchymal and a non-parenchymal. These manifestations seldom overlap in the same individual and may reflect different pathogenetic mechanisms. The principles of treatment largely follow the principles of treating Bechet’s disease in general, with the mainstay being corticosteroids for exacerbations and immunosuppressive treatments for prevention of exacerbations. One notable exception is cyclosporine, which is typically avoided in neuro-Bechet’s disease. Anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals play an increasing role in treatment. Distinguishing neuro-Behçet’s disease from other neuroinflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, is essential for both management and prognostic reasons.
Neopterin as an indicator of inflammation in chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: AYDIN Muhammed Fatih , NAMLI KOÇ Şule , AKBULUT Sabiye , OĞUZ Dilek
Published: December 2018

Background and Aims: Neopterin is a
proinflammatory indicator that plays a role in cell-mediated immunity, and
elevated concentrations of neopterin indicate the presence of interferon-γ in
body fluids. In this study, neopterin concentrations were determined in
patients with a virus-induced chronic liver disease (chronic hepatitis, liver
cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer), inactive hepatitis B virus carriers, and
in a healthy control group to assess whether neopterin can be used as a disease
marker in patients with virus-induced chronic liver disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 subjects (42
females and 68 males, with an average age of 44±8.90 years) were included in
this study. Of these patients, 33 had chronic hepatitis; 22, liver cirrhosis;
22, hepatoma; 18, inactive hepatitis B virus carriers; and 15 were included in the
healthy control group. Neopterin levels were measured before and after
interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis. Data collected among
the groups were analyzed statistically using the Mann-Whitney test, considering
p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Neopterin concentrations and gender showed no
statistically significant correlation. Patients with cirrhosis, hepatocellular
cancer, and chronic hepatitis had statistically significantly higher neopterin
levels than the healthy control and healthy carrier groups. A positive
correlation was observed between neopterin levels and other disease activity
indicators such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, hepatitis B
virus deoxyribonucleic acid, hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid, erythrocyte
sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels, and their levels were also
high. Although 14 patients, who were also evaluated after interferon treatment,
showed good response to the treatment, no statistically significant correlation
was observed between their neopterin levels and disease activity indicator
levels. Conclusion: Neopterin concentrations
were found to be significantly higher in patients with inflammation than in
inactive hepatitis B virus carriers who had no ongoing inflammatory activity
and in the healthy control group. No correlation was detected between neopterin
levels and hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid and hepatitis C virus
ribonucleic acid levels in patients who received interferon treatment and
benefitted from it. Although neopterin levels indicate inflammatory activity in
cases of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer,
additional studies are necessary to determine its usefulness in clinical
practice.
Prekanseröz lezyonların Helicobacter pylori eradikasyonuna olan etkisi
Authors: KAHRAMANOĞLU AKSOY Evrim , AKPINAR Muhammet Yener , PİRİNÇÇİ SAPMAZ Ferdane , GÖKTAŞ Zeynep , ŞİMŞEK Gülçin Güler , UZMAN Metin , NAZLIGÜL Yaşar
Published: December 2018

Giriş

ve Amaç: Mide mukozasındaki Helicobacter pylori yoğunluğu, inflamasyonun aktivite derecesi,

gastrit şiddeti ile eradikayon başarısı arasındaki ilişkiyi gösteren çalışma

sayısı sınırlıdır. Biz çalışmamamızda; Helicobacter

pylori eradikasyon başarısı üzerine gastrit şiddetinin ve Sidney

klasifikasyon parametrelerinin etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya; Temmuz 2017

ve Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde Helicobacter pylori enfeksiyonu patoloji

olarak konmuş, eradikasyon için bizmut içeren standart dörtlü tedaviyi

tamamlayan hastalar dahil edildi. Bulgular:

Çalışmaya toplam 634 hasta dahil edildi. Antrumda atrofi varlığında Helicobacter pylori eradikasyon başarısı

düşükken, intestinal metaplazi varlığında eradikasyon başarısı etkilenmemiştir

(sırasıyla p=0,025 ve p >0,05); benzer şekilde korpustaki atrofi ve

intestinal metaplazi olan grupta da eradikasyon başarısı daha azdı (sırasıyla

p=0,016 ve p=0,01). Şiddetli gastrit gruplarında eradikasyon başarısızlığı daha

fazlaydı (OLGA III-IV için p=0.015, OLGIM III-IV için p=0.032). Multiple lineer

regresyon analizinde değerlendirildiğinde korpus intestinal metaplazi ve

lenfoid agregasyon şiddeti bağımsız risk faktörü olarak değerlendirilmiştir (sırasıyla

p=0.002 ve p=0.042). Sonuç: Gastrit

ciddiyeti, intestinal metaplazi ve gastrik atrofi Helicobacter pylori eradikasyon tedavisi başarısı üzerinde negatif

etki göstermektedir. Bu yüzden, patolojilerinde bu özelliklere sahip olan

hastalarda tedavi protokolü ve tedavi süresi yeniden gözden geçirilmelidir. 
Kronik Subdural Hematomlar: Epidemiyoloji, Radyoloji, Hematolojik Parametreler ve Olgularımızın Cerrahi Sonuçları
Authors: TÜRK Okan , YALDIZ Can , CEYLAN Davut
Published: December 2018

Amaç: Kronik subdural hematom (KSDH) ilk defa 1656 yılında JJ Wepfer tarafından bildirilmiş, 1857 yılında Virchow tarafından Pakimenenjitis hemorajika interna olarak tanımlanmıştır. KSDH sıklığı yaşla değişmektedir. Hafif kafa travması ile birlikteliği literatürde %60-80 oranında bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile rutin nöroşirurji pratiğinde sık karşılaşılan KSDH hastalarının takip ve tedavilerinde klinik deneyimimizi sunmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2016 Ocak - 2017 Aralık tarihleri arasında KSDH tanısı ile opere edilen hastaların klinik dosyalarından kayıtlar incelendi. Hastaların klinik dosyalarından yaş, cinsiyet, özgeçmiş, geliş şikâyeti, antikoagülan kullanımı, kafa travması varlığı, radyolojik görüntüleri, hematolojik parametreleri cerrahide uygulanan anestezi şekli, cerrahi method, rekürrens oranları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışma, hastaların %20,9’u (n=14) kadın, %79,1’i (n=53) erkek olmak üzere toplam 67 olgu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Olguların yaşları 16 ile 91 arasında değişmekte olup, ortalama 68,60±16,45 yıldır. Cinsiyete ve yaşa göre yatış süreleri, ek hastalık varlığı ve görülen ek hastalık türlerine göre yatış süreleri arasında, ilaç kullanımı ve anestezi şekline göre yatış süreleri arasında(p>0,05), N/L ile yatış süresi arasında (r:0,222; p>0,05) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır.Sonuç: Cerrahi seçimler, anestezi tercihi ne kadar basit olarak görülse de mortalite ve morbiditede oldukça etkilidir. Sedoaneljezi ve lokal anestezi altında yapılan ameliyatların, cerrahi sürenin kısa olması nedeniyle özellikle komorbiditesi olan hasta grubunda güvenle tercih edilebileceğini göstermektedir.
Erişkin Başlangıçlı Langerhans Hücreli Histiyositoz
Authors: BAYRAMOĞLU Zeynep , GÜLTEKİN Muhammet Zeki , ÜNLÜ Yaşar
Published: December 2018

Langerhans hücreli histiyositoz (LHH), Langerhans hücrelerinin klonal ve neoplastik proliferasyonu ile karakterize nadir bir hastalıktır. En sık çocuklarda tanı almakla beraber, her yaşta görülebilir. Klinik bulgular, tutulan organ sistemine göre değişmektedir. LHH'nin kesin tanısı histopatolojik olarak konulmaktadır. LHH’un tedavisi, hastalığın bulunduğu organ sistemine ve lezyonların yaygınlığına göre planlanmaktadır. Biz burada erişkin yaş başlangıçlı, femur tutulumu olan 33 yaşında erkek hastanın klinik, radyolojik ve histapatolojik bulguları sunularak güncel literatür eşliğinde tartışmayı amaçladık.
Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Compared With Minimally Invasive Bypass Surgery for the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Disease: 12-Month Follow up
Authors: Vakkosov K. M. , Kochergin N. A. , Kozyrin K. A. , Ganjukov V. I.
Published: December 2018

The aim. Evaluates long­term clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) versus minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery for the treatment of left anterior descending (LAD) lesions.

Methods and Results. In this single­center study were included 130 patients with stable angina and significant (≥ 70 %) LAD disease. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to PCI with everolimus­eluting BVS (n=65) or MIDCAB (n=65). The primary end­point was major adverse cerebro­cardiovascular events (MACCE) and secondary was scaffold (graft) thrombosis at 1 year. The groups of patients were comparable for all baseline demographic, clinical and angiographic parameters. MACCE at 12 month occurred in 9.2 % of patients in the BVS group and in 4.6 % of patients in the MIDCAB group (p=0.3). There was no significant difference between the groups in rates of all cause death (1.5 % vs 1.5 %, p=1.0), myocardial infarction (3.1 % vs. 6.1 %, p=0.4), any revascularization (1.5 % vs. 6.1 %, p=0.1) and scaffold (graft) thrombosis (1.5 % vs. 1.5 %, p=1.00).

Conclusion. At 12­month follow up, there was no significant difference in the rate of MACCE between PCI by BVS and MIDCAB in patients with isolated LAD lesions.
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators are the Main Link in the Modern Concept of Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention. Problems and Prospects of the Development of the Method
Authors: Bokeria L. A. , Neminushchiy N. M. , Postol A. S.
Published: December 2018

The article covers the development of the problem of sudden cardiac death prevention with the implantable cardioverter­defibrillators from the moment of creation of these devices to our days. The current concept of primary prevention of sudden cardiac death, based on the severity of manifestation of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, is not effective enough. Its practical application is difficult because it requires mass application of implantable defibrillators, with low predictive accuracy of these criteria in terms of development of life­threatening arrhythmias. The development of methods for visualizing the myocardium, allowing to assess the severity of myocardial fibrosis, as well as the possibilities of medical genetics, at the present stage, allows us to clarify indications for implantation of cardioverter­defibrillators and thereby significantly improve the concept of preventing sudden cardiac death with these instruments.
Signal Enhancement of SPR Biosensor Detection by Using of Gold Nanoparticles for Human beta-2-Microglobulin as a Model Protein Biomarker
Authors: Mezentsev Yu.V. , Gnedenko O.V. , Ershov P.V. , Ivanov A.S.
Published: December 2018

The highly sensitive method of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection of low concentrations of target proteins based on the biosensor signal enhancement by using gold nanoparticles (similar to “sandwich” assay type) is described. The commercial protein preparations of beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) as a model biomarker and polyclonal (Pab) and monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to B2M were used. It has been shown that this universal and reproducible method can be applied for SPR analysis of other protein biomarkers by analogy with the biomarker protein B2M. The present work is also focused on the experimental protocol description. The protocols of gold nanoparticles (GNP) synthesis, obtaining the conjugates of Pab/GNP and measuring their concentration, the protocol of Mab covalent immobilization on the optical chip CM5 of a biosensor and also SPR registration of molecular interactions Mab-biomarker and in the “sandwich” assay type Mab-biomarker-Pab or Mab-biomarker-Pab/GNP are considered in detail.
Application of the SPR Biosensor in Drug Prototypes Discovery with Human Cytochrome P450(51) as an Example
Authors: Kaluzhskiy L.A. , Ershov P.V. , Shkel T.V. , Gnedenko O.V. , Ivanchina N.V. , Strushkevich N.V. , Kicha A.A. , Grabovec I.P. , Gilep A.A. , Usanov S.A. , Stonik V.A. , Ivanov A.S.
Published: December 2018

The development of the integral platform “From Gene to Lead”, consolidated computer methods, bioinformatics researches, and experimental approaches, significantly accelerated and optimized base structure search in the field of drug design. The necessity of the experimental verification of hundreds virtual structure hypothesis (results of molecular data base selections or de novo construction) requires demands the usage of the high-through out and sensitive methods for validation possible interaction between numerous of selected compounds and particular molecular targets and evaluation of affinity, kinetics and thermodynamics. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology makes it possible to solve all these problems. In this article the methodical aspects of the optical SPR-biosensor usage in the field of drug prototypes selection are described using the human cytochrome P450(51) catalyzing one of the key step of cholesterol biosynthesis as an example.
An Improved Procedure for the Preparation of Thrombin Low Molecular Weight Substrates - Peptide p-Nitroanilides
Authors: Chistov A.A , Talanova A.V. , Melnikova M.V. , Kuznetsova S.S. , Kolesanova E.F.
Published: December 2018

Low molecular weight chromogenic thrombin peptide substrates, p-nitroanilides of short peptides protected at their N-terminal amino group, were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis on polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymer with trityl groups with preliminary attached p-phenylene diamine moiety. After the cleavage from the resin peptide p-aminoanilides were mildly oxidized to p-nitroanilides with the mixture of potassium sulfate and persulfate. Adsorption onto polymer support Bio-Beads SM-2 with further elution by acetonitrile allowed easy separating peptide p-nitroanilides from the oxidizer and obtaining the thrombin chromogenic substrate preparations with the target substance contents of not less than 95% and yields of 30-40%. Thrombin effectively catalyzed hydrolysis of the prepared substrates with KM and Vmax values of 29-134 mM and 0.03-1/16 mM/s, respectively.
Photosensitizer Chlorin e6 Internalization into Tumor Cells in Phospholipid Nanoparticles Conjugated with Peptide Containing the NGR Sequence
Authors: Prozorovskiy V.N. , Kostryukova L.V. , Korotkevich E.I. , Torkhovskaya T.I. , Morozevich G.E. , Tikhonova E.G. , Ipatova O.M.
Published: December 2018

The possibility of increased internalization of the photosensitizer chlorin e6 in tumor cells was investigatedusing soy phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles 20-30 nm with or without attached peptide containing Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif was studied. This amino acid sequence exhibits affinity to aminopeptidase N (CD13), wich is overexpressed in a number of tumor cells and vessels. Nanoparticles with chlorin e6 were prepared with added of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPE) conjugated through PEG with a hexapeptide containing the NGR sequence, and then were incubated with tumor cells НерG2 and MCF-7. Chlorin e6 accumulation in СD13-negative cells (MCF-7) did not depend on the presence of peptide NGR in nanoparticles. However, for НерG2 cells a twofold increase of chlorine e6 internalization was observed as compared with the same particles without NGR. Differences in the response of these two cell lines, differed in expression of aminopeptidase N (APN), suggest the possibility of this protein using for targeted delivery. The prospectivity of usage of phospholipids nanoparticles conjugated with targeting peptide for photodynamic therapy is discussed, taking into account possible variation of APN expression, inherent for many solid tumors.
In Silico Analysis of Interaction between Seaweed-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Selected Diabetes-Related Targets
Authors: Ogunwa T.H. , Adeyelu T.T. , Fasimoye R.Y. , Ayenitaju F.C.
Published: December 2018

Seaweeds are known for their beneficial health effects in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Numerous bioactive metabolites of diverse chemical structures have been found in the marine algae with attributed potent pharmacological effects. The current study was carried out to gain insights into the precise interaction and the inhibitory mechanism of bioactive components, obtained from seaweed, against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), the enzyme with a crucial role in insulin insensitivity, and α-glucosidase, which performs the key function in postprandial carbohydrate hydrolysis. Inhibitors of these proteins might be suitable for the management of DM type 2. Molecular docking experiments have shown that the antidiabetic compounds preferably bind to the allosteric site of PTP1B, sandwiched between α3, α6 and α7 helices, with a lesser ΔG value in comparison to the active site. Interacting orientation of eckol, dieckol, 7-phloroeckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol-A was comparable to that of the reference compound. In contrast, the compounds interacted with a-glucosidase at the active site with appreciable affinity. Phlorofucofuroeckol-A, dieckol, and eckol demonstrated high inhibitory potential against the protein as compared to acarbose possibly due to the relatively large molecular size and the presence of numerous OH groups, and additional hydrophobic and π-π interactions that are missing in the acarbose-α-glucosidase complex. The estimated affinity of the compounds showed good correlations with experimental results for both enzymes. The described interaction patterns are essential for understanding the mechanisms responsible for the antidiabetic effects of marine algae.
Measuring Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) in Lacrimal Fluid Using Optimized Commercial ELISA
Authors: Druzhkova T.A. , Shpak A.A. , Kozlova K.I. , Yakovlev A.A. , Guekht A.B. , Gulyaeva N.V.
Published: December 2018

The concentration of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was measured in lacrimal fluid (LF) using Human CNTF Quantikine ELISA kit (“R&D Systems”, USA) on a ChemWell 2910 automatic analyzer (“Awareness Technology Inc.”, USA). We initially attempted to use commercial kits, designed for serum and plasma CNTF detection, to quantify lacrimal CNTF. The results, however, were rarely above the minimum detection level of the kits, most likely due to matrix complexity and low concentrations of CNTF in diluted LF (LF had to be diluted because of the small volume of collected samples). The optimal sensitivity and the lowest background for the best minimum quantifiable value were determined empirically. Phosphate buffer solution containing 1% bovine serum albumin was selected as an optimal diluent for CNTF measurements in small fluid samples. A standard curve was produced using the calibrating solutions 0-250 pg/ml. Acid treatment of LF samples before the analysis allowed to increase the detectable concentration of the CNTF two-fold. The 1:3 dilution was selected based on the available volume of collected LF and a reasonable variation coefficient. The described protocol allowed to develop a sandwich ELISA optimized for lacrimal CNTF.
Prediction of Progestin Affinity for the Human Progesterone Receptor Based on Corrected RBA Data
Authors: Mikurova A.V. , Skvortsov V.S.
Published: December 2018

The modeling of complexes of 3 sets of steroid and nonsteroidal progestins with the ligand-binding domain of the nuclear progesterone receptor was performed. Molecular docking procedure, long-term simulation of molecular dynamics and subsequent analysis by MM-PBSA (MM-GBSA) were used to model the complexes. Using the characteristics obtained by the MM-PBSA method two data sets of steroid compounds obtained in different scientific groups a prediction equation for the value of relative binding activity (RBA) was constructed. The RBA value was adjusted so that in all samples the actual activity was compared with the progesterone activity. The third data set of nonsteroidal compounds was used as a test. The resulted equation showed that the prediction results could be applied to both steroid molecules and nonsteroidal progestins.
Methods of Accelerated Prediction of The Shelf Life of Medical Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels
Authors: Byrkina T.S. , Loveckij K.P. , Oltarzhevskaya N.D.
Published: December 2018

The paper describes an accelerated technique for determining the warranty period for the hydrogel-based polymer materials used for medical purposes. It deals with the technological production stages of hydrogel therapeutic materials “Kolegel” based on a polysaccharide of sodium alginate. On these stages deterioration of the material properties might lead to reduction of the shelf life of products (using natural raw materials, sterilization). The article introduces the ways to reduce this negative effect and subsequently increase the warranty period of the medical product by adding stabilizing additives into its composition. The method for determining the shelf life of sodium alginate hydrogel material depends on the added stabilizing additives (potassium sorbate and preservative based on 2-phenoxyethanol) in the “accelerated aging” mode; based on a mathematical description of two parallel processes occurring in hydrogels which are stored at elevated temperatures, namely: a change in the microbial contamination of hydrogels to the stage of final sterilization (using the Barany-Roberts model), a change in the dynamic viscosity after the conclusion of radiation sterilization of hydrogels (using a model based on the Arrhenius equation).
Algorithm of Protein Sequence Determination by Combination of the Edman Degradation Method and Shotgun Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Skvortsov V.S. , Mikurova A.V. , Vavilov N.E. , Zgoda V.G.
Published: December 2018

An algorithm combining advantages of the Edman degradation method and de novo mass-spectrometric sequencing was developed. The protein from the “Diaskintest” diagnostic test was used for analysis. The protein was digested with trypsin and 5 steps of Edman degradation were carried out sequentially for the mixture of peptides. At each stage, the resulting mixture was analyzed by shotgun mass spectrometry analysis. The results of mass-spectrometry were analyzed both by the well-known de novo sequencing programs Novor and PepNovo+, and by own program that clustered individual spectra with a C-terminal signature formed by Y-ions. This approach allows us to determine confidently the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal part of the peptides obtained after the protein hydrolysis by trypsin.