bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis of extended surfaces using deep neural networks
Authors: Oloniiju Shina Daniel , Tijani Yusuf Olatunji , Otegbeye Olumuyiwa
Published: July 2024

The complexity of thermal analysis in practical systems has emerged as a subject of interest in various fields of science and engineering. Extended surfaces, commonly called fins, are crucial cooling and heating mechanisms in many applications, such as refrigerators and power plants. In this study, by using a deterministic approach, we discuss the thermal analysis of conduction, convection, and radiation in the presence of a magnetic force within an extended surface. The present study develops a deep neural network to analyze the mathematical model and to estimate the contributions of each dimensionless model parameter to the thermal dynamics of fins. The deep neural network used in this study makes use of a feedforward architecture in which the weights and biases are updated through backward propagation. The accuracy of the neural network model is validated using results obtained from a spectral-based linearization method. The efficiency rate of the extended surfaces is computed using the neural network and spectral methods. The results obtained demonstrate the accuracy of the neural network-based technique. The findings of this study in relation to the novel mathematical model reveal that utilizing materials with variable thermal conductivity enhances the efficiency rate of the extended surface.
Acute Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Recognition of Relational Memory, Lactate, and Serum and Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Authors: Baumgartner Nicholas W. , Belbis Michael D. , Kargl Christopher , Holmes Michael J. , Gavin Timothy P. , Hirai Daniel M. , Kao Shih-Chun
Published: July 2024

Baumgartner, NW, Belbis, MD, Kargl, C, Holmes, MJ, Gavin, TP, Hirai, DM, and Kao, S-C. Acute effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on recognition of relational memory, lactate, and serum and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Acute aerobic exercise improves memory, but this phenomenon is understudied in response to resistance exercise (RE) despite evidence that RE-induced increases in lactate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play mechanistic roles in memory performance. To determine the acute effect of RE on lactate, BDNF, and their associations with object and relational memory, blood lactate, and serum and plasma BDNF were taken from 36 adults (average age 23.64 ± 3.89 years; 18 woman) before and immediately after 42 minutes of high-intensity RE and a rest condition on counterbalanced days. Subjects then immediately studied a series of paired objects and completed object and relational recognition tasks. Results revealed a condition by trial interaction, previously studied objects were remembered less accurately following RE (d = 0.66) but recognition occurred faster (d = 0.28), indicating a speed-accuracy tradeoff following RE. There was no effect of either intervention on relational recognition performance. Lactate (d = 3.68) and serum BDNF (d = 0.74) increased following RE, whereas there was no time-related change in lactate and serum BDNF following rest. However, changes in lactate and BDNF did not predict any measures of object (rs < 0.25, ps > 0.16) or relation recognition (rs < 0.28, ps > 0.13). Collectively, these findings suggest that acute high-intensity RE selectively improves the processing speed of recognizing objects at the cost of less accurate recognition of previously studied objects. Furthermore, changes in object and relational memory performance are unlikely driven by acute increases in lactate or BDNF following high-intensity RE.
The Effect of Traditional Strength Training on Sprint and Jump Performance in 12- to 15-Year-Old Elite Soccer Players: A 12-Month Controlled Trial
Authors: Skratek Josua , Kadlubowski Björn , Keiner Michael
Published: July 2024

Skratek, J, Kadlubowski, B, and Keiner, M. The effect of traditional strength training on sprint and jump performance in 12- to 15-year-old elite soccer players: a 12-month controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of traditional strength training on maximum strength (1 repetition maximum in front squat [FS] and back squat [BS]), jump (squat and countermovement jump), and linear sprint (LS) performance (5, 10, and 30 m) in elite young soccer players. A 12-month longitudinal design was chosen, and 48 elite male youth soccer players (age: 12–15 years) were included. The subjects were divided in 2 groups (a strength training group [STG] and a control group [CG]). The intervention group trained for 1 year over a competitive soccer season with additional sessions to their regular soccer practice (4 sessions per week), while the CG did not complete any additional sessions to the regular soccer training (4 sessions per week). The additional strength training (2 sessions per week [each approximately 30 minutes]) consisted of either parallel FS or BS. The squat variants switched in each session. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 3 (group × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance. The main findings of this study were that the STG resulted in significant pretest and post-test improvements in maximum strength (d = 3.75–5.58), jump (d = 0.84–1.14), and LS performance (d = −0.25 to 0.44), while for the CG, smaller increases or performance decreases were measured (maximum strength: d = 1.64–2.7; jump: d = 0.12–0.31; sprint: d = 0.00–025). A significant interaction effect in all variables indicated significant (p < 0.05) stronger performance improvements compared with the CG. Traditional strength training in elite youth soccer players is recommended to increase strength and speed–strength (jump and sprint performance) and should be considered in long-term athletic development programs.
PARA DORMIR AL NIÑO ESCONDIDO: HACIA UNA ESTÉTICA DE LAS CANCIONES DE CUNA A LA LUZ DE LOS ESCRITOS DE WALTER BENJAMIN
Authors: Di Marco Marina
Published: July 2024

A la hora de analizar un género como la canción de cuna, se debe tener en cuenta diversos elementos, que ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de un abordaje interdisciplinario. En principio, destaca su surgimiento en el ámbito de la poesía funcional, con una fuerte base folklórica. Esta vinculación primigenia de la canción de cuna con las necesidades concretas de la vida cotidiana, como la de dormir a los niños, hace patente la importancia de abordar su estatuto estético desde una teoría comprehensiva de los alcances artísticos de la cultura popular y de sus inspiraciones.Por ello, consideramos que el pensamiento de Walter Benjamin resulta muy productivo como metodología de base para el estudio de la estética del género, en particular por sus nociones de aura y huella, por la importancia que le atribuye a la irrupción de la vida en la esfera del arte, y por la presencia del pasado en el potencial estético del kitsch. Tomando como ejemplo para ampliar estas ideas tres canciones de cuna contemporáneas de autores argentinos, el presente trabajo se propone realizar una aproximación comparatística entre la estética benjaminiana y las canciones de cuna. Esta indagación acerca de los puntos en común entre ellas iluminará, como conclusión, nuestra comprensión de la representación de niño y de adulto subyacentes a este género: mientras que el niño, imbuido por la magia del juego, vivirá la enunciación de la nana como un momento aurático, el arrullador adulto se conectará con su propia infancia bajo la forma de la huella, y con la memoria —y su fuerza emotiva y renovadora— como elemento disparador del disfrute estético.
CHAPEUZINHO VERMELHO É PARA CRIANÇAS? UM CONTO EM PROCESSO DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Estefani Thales
Published: July 2024

O artigo apresenta um breve panorama sobre o conto fantástico conhecido como Chapeuzinho Vermelho, abordando tanto as reescritas autorais de Charles Perrault e dos irmãos Grimm, quanto variantes recolhidas da tradição oral, dando especial atenção aos processos de transformação do conto. No segundo momento, apresentam-se leituras analíticas de duas obras contemporâneas: A história do Capuchinho Vermelho contada a crianças e nem por isso, de Manuel António Pina e Paula Rego, e “El lobo hambriento”, de Yukari Miura, parte da coletânea Érase 21 veces Caperucita Roja. Recorrendo à ideia de que a transmissão de narrativas através das gerações e barreiras culturais oferece fonte de evidência sobre quais tipos de informações são consideradas importantes para serem passadas adiante, busca-se identificar quais características tais versões contemporâneas mantiveram e quais temas foram modificados, visando o tratamento de questões da contemporaneidade. O artigo ainda avança para a crítica de processos adaptativos que tendem a excluir quaisquer temáticas desafiadoras das reescritas deste conto feitas para o público infanto-juvenil.
ÜÇ BOYUTLU (3D) BASKI TEKNİĞİYLE ELMA VE HAVUÇ SUYU BAZLI ÜRÜNLERİN ÜRETİMİ VE KARAKTERİZASYONU
Authors: Ok Selçuk , Yılmaz Emin
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışmada, 3D gıda yazıcısıyla elma ve havuç suyu bazlı sağlıklı, seçilen meyve ve sebzenin kendine has duyusal özelliklerini taşıyan atıştırmalıkların üretilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu atıştırmalıkların, meyve ve sebzeleri doğal formlarında tüketmeyi sevmeyen ve/veya tekstürlerinden dolayı tüketemeyen insanlar (yaşlılar, yutkunma zorluğu çekenler) için bir alternatif olacağı düşünülmüştür. Elma ve havuç suyunun jelleşmesi için gereken minimum nişasta konsantrasyonu %5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Parçalanmış jellerin reolojik özellikleri belirlenmiş ve bu parçalanmış jeller 3D yazıcıda işlenmiştir. %97 oranında basılabilirlik ve %98 oranında stabilite değerlerine sahip elma ve havuç suyu bazlı 3D ürünler elde edilmiştir. Duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre her iki örneğin genel kabul skorları orta değerin altında kalmıştır. Ayrıca, ürünlerin fizikokimyasal ve termal özellikleri belirlenmiş, baskı hızı ve doluluk oranının baskı kalitesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.
The effects of the activation of TLR2/TLR1 on in vitro angiogenesis in an immortalized ovine luteal endothelial cell line
Authors: Yaman Gram Duygu , Abay Murat , Liman Narin , Tekin Muhittin , Kowalewski Mariusz P , Gram Aykut
Published: July 2024

In brief

Activation of TLR2/TLR1 alters in vitro formation of capillary-like structures and induces inflammatory processes in ovine luteal endothelial (OLENDO) cells.

Postpartum bacterial infections of the uterus affect uterine physiology and ovarian activity, causing fertility problems. The outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, is involved in the initiation of the local inflammatory processes, and other bacterial toxins, particularly lipopeptides, have also been shown to be potent cytokine inducers, acting via Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2). However, the possible adverse effects of TLR2 on ovarian and luteal activities have not yet been investigated in depth. The strong expression of TLR2 in the blood vessels of the corpus luteum led us to hypothesize that TLR2 activation might participate in the disruption of luteal vascular functionality. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of Pam3CSK4 (Pam3CysSerLys4), a synthetic triacylated lipopeptide and TLR2/TLR1 ligand, on the functionality of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), endothelial cell invasion, and in vitro capillary-like network formation in an immortalized ovine luteal endothelial (OLENDO) cell line. Pam3CSK4 treatment of OLENDO cells disrupted in vitro tube formation but had no effect on GJIC or migration of OLENDO cells. Furthermore, Pam3CSK4 induced the expression of NFKB, IL6, and IL8 in OLENDO cells. Additionally, the basal availability of TLRs (TLR1–10) and TLR co-receptors (MYD88, LY96/MD2, and CD14) in OLENDO cells was confirmed by conventional PCR. Finally, the activation of TLR2/TLR1 appears to alter in vitro formation of capillary-like structures and induce inflammatory processes in OLENDO cells.
Treinta años de arqueología de género
Authors: Rodríguez González Celtia
Published: July 2024

El estudio de la arqueología de género no es una empresa nueva. Sus avances en el mundo de la investigación han dotado a la ciencia de nuevas formas de leer el pasado y entender el presente tanto a nivel internacional como nacional. Todo este avance ha tardado en implantarse dentro del estado español, pero sobre todo en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Esto se debe, en buena parte, a la vinculación que existe de muchas historiadoras a la fuente escrita, suponiendo, en muchos casos, un freno en el estudio y el análisis de la materialidad arqueológica. Además, da lugar a la falta de una crítica teórica en este ámbito. Partimos de una puesta al día de los trabajos desarrollados sobre arqueología de género tanto a nivel internacional como nacional, para centrarse a continuación en la presentación de un estudio sobre la historiografía de género en la arqueología, desde sus orígenes, en el Noroeste, concretamente en Galicia. En esta región, la arqueología de género es todavía un enfoque con aplicación limitada, evidenciando en este trabajo la necesidad de analizar a las sociedades del pasado desde la materialidad y con perspectiva de género, en el noroeste de la península ibérica, así como en el contexto gallego.
Participation of apomictic cereals in composition of steppe and ecotone phytocenoses in the north of the Lower Volga region
Authors: Юдакова О.И. , Кайбелева Э.И. , Нющенко Е.А. , Лысенко Т.М. , Воронин М.Ю.
Published: July 2024

Проведен геоботанический анализ 160 степных и экотонных растительных сообществ с участием злаков на севере Нижнего Поволжья (в пределах Саратовской области). Во флоре региона и в изученных фитоценозах видовое разнообразие апомиктичных злаков значительно уступает разнообразию их амфимиктичных сородичей. Так, во флоре Саратовской области злаки представлены 133 видами, из которых только у 24 видов зарегистрированы эмбриологические признаки факультативного апомиксиса. В изученных фитоценозах обнаружено 34 амфимиктичных и 17 апомиктичных видов злаков. При этом доминанты в них в равной степени представлены как амфимиктичными (14 видов), так и апомиктичными злаками (9 видов). Амфимикты доминируют в 64 фитоценозах, апомикты ‒ в 48. Фитоценозы с доминированием злаков сходны по видовому богатству и выравненности. Количество растительных сообществ, в которых апомиктичные злаки являются содоминантами, достоверно превышает количество растительных сообществ с содоминированием амфимиктов (46 и 22 соответственно). Полученные данные свидетельствуют об успешной конкуренции апомиктичных злаков с амфимиктами и их весомом вкладе в сложение степных и экотонных фитоценозов севера Нижнего Поволжья.

A geobotanical analysis of 160 steppe and ecotone plant communities with the participation of cereals in the north of the Lower Volga region (within the Saratov region) was carried out. The species diversity of apomictic cereals is significantly inferior to the diversity of their amphymictic relatives in the flora of the region and in the studied phytocenoses (24 apomictic and 109 amphymictic species in the flora; 17 and 34 species in the phytocenoses, respectively). At the same time, the dominants of the studied communities are equally represented by both amphymictic (14 species) and apomictic cereals (9 species). It was established that cereals with amphymictic mode of reproduction dominate in 64 phytocenoses, apomictic cereals dominate in 48 ones. The number of phytocenoses in which apomicts are codominants significantly exceeds the number of plant communities with amphymicts codominance (46 and 22, respectively). The studied plant communities are similar in species richness and evenness. The obtained data indicate successful competition between apomictic cereals and amphymicts and their significant contribution to the composition of steppe and ecotone phytocenoses in the northern Lower Volga region.
Investigating the amount of water consumption, costs of water output and lost fibers in the effluent stream of an OCC recycling company in Iran
Authors: Rouhani Ali Asghar , Monfared Mohammad Hadi Aryaie , Rafighi Ali
Published: July 2024

Paper production is a process based on using water. Most of the industrialized countries set strict standards to protect the environment, and all industrial wastewater output must be based on such standards. Because of their economic value, recycled fibers must be separated from the effluent and returned to the system when the effluent leaves the factory. The purpose of this study was to investigate and measure the amount and costs of water consumption and the amount of fiber wastage in the controlled and uncontrolled output of the desired factory effluent. From observations of a local OCC recycling factory, the amount of water consumption and effluent output and the amount of fibers in the effluent output of this factory before pre-treatment and after pre-treatment were investigated. It was observed that if the water intake was not controlled and if pre-treatment was not used, a significant amount of fibers was thrown away along with the wastewater, which was 8,440 kg per 391 tons of production in one month based on total suspended solid.
Wood terpenes as bio-based monomers in latex for sustainable coatings
Authors: Carrère Maylis , Beaupré Stéphane , Ecochard Yvan , Landry Véronic
Published: July 2024

Recent global market disruptions, including the COVID-19 crisis, inflation, and oil crises, have highlighted the need for industries to reduce dependence on petrochemicals. However, the coating industry remains reliant on petrochemicals due to a lack of knowledge about local and sustainable alternatives. This study explored the potential of wood extractives as precursors for producing high-quality wood coatings. Terpenes were modified through acrylation, and bio-based latexes were synthesized from these modified terpenes. Analysis showed that all tested latexes had conversion levels above 88.5%. The bio-based films were characterized, and their transparency, measured by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, exceeded 80%. The good incorporation of bio-based monomers in the latex films was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparative analysis between bio-based and conventional latexes showed equivalent results in particle size, molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and minimum film formation temperature. However, bio-based films exhibited lower hardness. The study suggests that using monomers derived from wood extractives offers a viable alternative to petrochemicals, utilizing abundant forest residues. This approach could address raw material shortages and help make the coatings industry more sustainable by reducing its reliance on petrochemicals.
The rapid response of the ground beetle communities to the meadow steppe habitat loss in West Podillia (Ukraine)
Authors: Liashuk I. Y. , Kapelyukh Y. I. , Skrypnyk S. V. , Zamoroka A. M.
Published: July 2024

Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) stand out as one of the most diverse families not just among insects but also among all living organisms on Earth. They have emerged as essential bioindicators of environmental disturbance, reflecting changes in ecosystems due to agricultural, forestry, and urbanization practices. The presence, abundance, and species composition of carabid communities serve as reliable indicators of habitat quality and ecosystem health. We conducted a comprehensive study of the meadow-steppe habitats, utilizing ground beetles as sensitive ecological indicators. We delineated four distinct groups of species based on ecological preferences and habitat affinities: I) steppe xerothermophilic stenobionts; II) steppe and ruderal xero- and mesophilic eurybionts; III) meadow and ruderal meso- and hygrophilous eurybionts; and IV) forest meso- and hygrophilous steno- and eurybionts. Our findings elucidate a distinct response of ground beetle species groups to transformation processes occurring within meadow steppes. Species belonging to group I (Brachinus crepitans, Ophonus rupicola, O. puncticollis, Leistus ferrugineus) expanded notably in distribution under conditions characterized by xerophilization and elevated temperatures. Conversely, species within group II (Harpalus atratus, H. caspius, H. hospes, H. solitaris, Ophonus azureus) and group III (Amara aenea, A. familiaris, Calathus fuscipes, Carabus cancellatus, C. convexus, Cylindera germanica, Harpalus affinis, H. latus, H. rubripes, H. xanthopus, Pterostichus atrorufus, P. cupreus, P. strenuus) showed a comparable response to the habitat, with a preference for higher soil mois­ture. Species within group IV (Abax carinatus, A. parallelepipedus, A. parallelus, Carabus arvensis, C. glabratus, C. linnei, C. nemoralis, C. ulrichii, C. variolosus, Cychrus caraboides, C. semigranosus, Leistus piceus, Limodromus assimilis, Molops piceus, Pterostichus melanarius, P. niger, P. oblongopunctatus) demonstrated an association with markedly different environmental condi­tions, characterized by significant moisture levels and relatively lower soil temperatures conducive to their existence. Steppe species (group I) were observed in only 12 out of 27 sample plots of meadow steppes, while a significant presence of species from groups II and III was evident in most cases, indicating mesophilization due to shrub and tree vegetation expansion. Forest species of ground beetles (group IV) were prevalent in the majority of meadow steppe sample plots, reflecting disruption of plagioclimax likely re­sulting from the cessation of traditional economic practices. Despite the presence of the meadow-steppe vegetation, steppe species of ground beetles were entirely absent, suggesting their potential as early indicators of ongoing changes in the meadow-steppe habitats.
Chelated forms of trace elements improve antioxidant properties and nodulation potential of soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis under insufficient water conditions
Authors: Nyzhnyk T. P. , Kots S. Y. , Pukhtaievych P. Р. , Kots T. A. , Vegera L. V.
Published: July 2024

The development of new nanotechnological approaches and the appearance of preparations with low concentrations of microelements can serve as a basis for promising solutions aimed at increasing stress-protective properties and tolerance to the adverse factors effects. The aim of the study is to show the effectiveness of seed inoculation with nodule bacteria modified by chelate forms of trace elements germanium, ferrum and molybdenum to stimulate antioxidant properties and improve the functioning of the Glycine max (L.) Merr. – Bradyrhizobium symbiosis in insufficient water supply conditions. For this, the symbiotic systems of soybean with active virulent Bradyrhizobium japonicum B1-20 were used with the addition of chelated forms of ferrum, germanium and molybdenum in a dilution of 1:1000 to the culture medium. The chelator was citric acid. At the phenological stages during active nitrogen fixation by soybeans, two models of plant watering regimes were created  ̶ optimal at the level of 60% of the full field capacity and insufficient/water stress at the level of 30% of the full field capacity. Microbiological, physiological, and biochemical methods of plant testing were used. It was found that the addition of rhizobia, chelated forms of germanium or ferrum to the culture medium, induces an increase in the antioxidant properties of plants by activating the key enzymatic complexes of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in soybean nodules and leaves under water stress. The use of chelated forms of ferrum or germanium led to the stimulation of the Bradyrhizobium nodulation potential, which was accompanied by the optimization of the water status and growth processes of soybean plants in insufficient moisture supply conditions. It was shown that inoculation with rhizobia containing chelated forms of molybdenum induced soybean plants sensitive to water deficit, as evidenced by an unstable reaction of enzyme activity, decrease or increase, in nodules and leaves. It inhibits nodulation processes on soybean roots and at the same time disrupts the water status of plants with insufficient water supply. It was concluded that the addition of chelated forms of germanium or ferrum to the rhizobia culture medium is a promising solution for stimulating the protective antioxidant properties of soybeans, which helps to optimize the physiological state of plants under insufficient water conditions.
Diferencias entre el juicio reflexivo kantiano y el juicio reflexivo arendtiano, y su rescate a través de la comprensión
Authors: Pérez Boada Héctor Fabián
Published: July 2024

El juicio reflexionante teleológico kantiano fue uno de los conceptos inacabados por el filósofo de Königsberg, pero sirvió de base, dentro de la construcción del pensamiento político de Hannah Arendt, especialmente en el análisis de la vida contemplativa que consignó en su obra la vida del espíritu, y donde no sólo profundiza sobre el juicio sino también sobre la voluntad y el pensar. Sin embargo, con el presente artículo se busca rescatar el juicio reflexionante acuñado por Hannah Arendt y apreciar el avance conceptual que realizara de este frente al juicio reflexionante dado por Immanuel Kant; así mismo la pertinencia de esta facultad para nuestros tiempos, siendo rescatado a partir de otra facultad humana como es el de la comprensión.
Perspectiva estética de la muerte y la vida en el filme El séptimo sello de Ingmar Bergman
Authors: García Durán Arantza Monserrat
Published: July 2024

El ensayo a continuación es una reflexión hermenéutica que busca llegar a interpretaciones sobre el sentido simbólico manifiesto en la película “el séptimo sello” del cineasta Ingmar Bergman. No hay pretensión en imponer una sola interpretación, sino una forma de ver el cine como una obra de arte que provee de referencias estéticas y desde la filosofía. La intención más bien es reconocer el punto de sensibilización en el cual nos sumergimos al ver este filme en relación con la experiencia de nuestras propias realidades.
Kuhn y Feyerabend. Por una ciencia humanística, plural y abierta
Authors: Navarro Fuentes Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2024

Exploramos las ideas revolucionarias de Thomas Kuhn y Paul Feyerabend en el contexto de la filosofía de la ciencia. Ambos desafiaron las concepciones tradicionales de la ciencia abogando por una visión más humana, crítica y pluralista de la disciplina e interrogando sus fundamentos epistemológicos, metafísicos y ontológicos desde una perspectiva historiográfica, sociológica y cultural, coincidiendo en que la ciencia es una empresa humana compleja y diversa que se beneficia de la pluralidad de enfoques y la apertura a nuevas perspectivas, por lo que solo la apertura plural puede contribuir a una comprensión social más rica de la actividad científica.
Syntax as a Hybrid Object in the Minimalist Program: a Categorial Approach
Authors: Boccafogli Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

Partiendo de las gramáticas categoriales convencionales (representaciones proposicionales de derivación Lambekiana), Song interpreta categóricamente los átomos sintácticos de la maquinaria generativa. Fusionar (to merge) y categorizar se vuelven lo mismo: las representaciones proposicionales constituyen la última capa de una estructura de abstracción multinivel que genera formas de combinabilidad y types locales.
Sostengo que es posibles brindar interpretaciones duales en cualquier nivel de análisis inferior a aquel de las frases completas: algunas aplicaciones de la CT en filosofía de la ciencia, particularmente el Teorema de dualidad de Stone, muestran que los isomorfismos entre modelos semánticos corresponden a equivalencias categoriales sintácticas.
Finalmente, la arquitectura de los punteros semánticos (semantic pointers) podría proporcionar una base neurobiológica consistente para las abstracciones.
Claudio Gutiérrez, de la lógica a la epistemología
Authors: Camacho Luis
Published: July 2024

Se destaca la importancia de Claudio Gutiérrez en la actividad filosófica en Costa Rica en tiempos recientes. Después de una cronología y distinción de etapas en su producción, se ubica su obra lógica dentro de la historia de esta ciencia en el país, y luego se analizan algunas de sus ideas fundamentales en epistemología.
Algorithms and conceptual history
Authors: Consolati Isabella
Published: July 2024

Este ensayo explora las interrogantes teóricas que surgen de la proliferación de formas de relación social mediadas digitalmente y su impacto en la constelación moderna de conceptos políticos y sociales. Aunque hace tiempo que varias disciplinas han empezado a abordar el impacto de la tecnología digital en sus objetos de estudio, la indagación sobre cómo muta la semántica de la política y la sociedad en contextos regulados por algoritmos sigue estando ausente del panorama de la historia de los conceptos. El ensayo pretende trazar una cartografía de los problemas teóricos que se derivan de ellos y que es necesario afrontar y discutir al abordar los márgenes tecnológicos de la historia conceptual. Para ello, en primer lugar, busca herramientas y respuestas en la obra de los fundadores de la Begriffsgeschichte, centrándose en particular en cómo se ha tratado el tema de la tecnología a la hora de sentar las bases de la historia conceptual. En segundo lugar, analiza algunas contribuciones que han tratado de responder a los enigmas expuestos anteriormente, estableciendo los primeros fragmentos de una historia conceptual de la política algorítmica en su vínculo con las transformaciones actuales del Estado.
Sobre algunos operadores lineales en análisis de Clifford
Authors: Alfonso Santiesteban Daniel
Published: July 2024

A finales de los años 70, el término análisis de Clifford fue empleado por primera vez por el matemático norteamericano John Ryan. Han pasado varias décadas y esta autónoma disciplina en el análisis matemático resulta sumamente efectiva para reescribir muchas de las ecuaciones de la física matemática. En el presente artículo se obtendrán algunos resultados interesantes sobre operadores lineales que se relacionan con espacios funcionales que surgen específicamente en álgebras de Clifford. La conexión de algunos de estos operadores con el conocido sistema de Lamé-Navier en elasticidad lineal posibilita que se estudien propiedades esenciales y generalizaciones naturales a altas dimensiones. Al finalizar, se considerarán nuevos operadores de Dirac construidos con bases ortonormales arbitrarias del espacio euclidiano.
ensino de Física na Educação Superior à luz da Inovação Pedagógica
Authors: Rodrigues Anthony Renan Brum , Farias Ynara Maidana de Vargas , Gomes Natali Gonçalves , Dias Lisete Funari
Published: July 2024

A presente pesquisa apresenta como objetivo analisar, à luz da inovação pedagógica, o que a literatura científica nacional apresenta sobre o ensino de Física na Educação Superior. Como questão de pesquisa, tem-se: como o ensino de Física na Educação Superior se apresenta na literatura científica nacional? Optou-se por uma pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, obedecendo os passos procedimentais da revisão sistemática de literatura. Utilizou-se três indexadores de pesquisas científicas: SciELO, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e Portal OasisBR. Foram considerados artigos científicos, monografias, dissertações e teses. A partir da leitura dos resumos de cada estudo, selecionou-se aqueles que contemplavam os critérios de inclusão e exclusão; assim, 20 estudos foram selecionados e criaram-se três categorias temáticas oportunizadas pelos assuntos em semelhança. Os resultados trazem a perspectiva inovadora em diferentes vieses, contemplando um Ensino de Física visto de diferentes cenários: utilizando metodologias ativas; a busca pela superação dos índices evasivos; e o papel fundamental das aulas experimentais.
Atividade inseticida de extratos vegetais e terra de diatomácea sobre Sitophilus zeamais em sementes de milho
Authors: Conceição Edileuza dos Reis Souza , David Andréia Márcia Santos de Souza , Silva Cleisson Dener da , Alvarenga Clarice Diniz , Custodio Debora Cristina Santos , Ribeiro Joyce Costa
Published: July 2024

A qualidade dos grãos e sementes de milho armazenados pode ser afetada pela ação de insetos pragas, como Sitophilus zeamais (Mots. 1855, Coleoptera: Curculionidae), um dos maiores causadores de perdas quantitativas e qualitativas. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais e terra de diatomácea no controle de S. zeamais em sementes de milho armazenadas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, composto de cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Para compor os tratamentos, foram utilizadas sementes de milho infestadas e tratadas com terra de diatomácea e extratos vegetais em pó de crambe e nim e, como controle, sementes infestadas e não infestadas, sem tratamento. As sementes foram armazenadas por 30 dias em recipientes plásticos de 500 mL, contendo 100 gramas de milho e tratadas com 5,26 gramas (5%) dos pós vegetais e terra de diatomácea, homogeneizados por 3 minutos. Foram avaliados a mortalidade dos insetos, o índice de infestação e a repelência. Os resultados mostraram que a terra de diatomácea resultou na completa mortalidade de S. zeamais após 30 dias de armazenamento. O extrato de crambe demonstrou eficácia na repelência durante 24 horas. A terra de diatomácea também reduziu significativamente a sobrevivência de S. zeamais ao longo do período de armazenamento, evitando a infestação nas sementes tratadas. Tanto o extrato de crambe quanto a terra de diatomácea apresentaram propriedades repelentes contra S. zeamais após 24 horas de exposição.
PTSD and cPTSD in foster children – a review of the literature
Authors: Czerwińska Monika , Kucharska Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Background: Individuals particularly vulnerable to the development of mental disorders are alumni of foster care. A high prevalence of traumatic experiences is observed in the latter group. Exposure to multiple traumas increases the likelihood of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD). The translation of the term “post-traumatic stress disorder” into Polish depends on the diagnostic classification applied. Aim: The aim of the review is to present the rates of PTSD and cPTSD in the population of children and adolescents in foster care and adult alumni of foster care. Method: The search for scientific literature in Polish and English was conducted in the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Additionally, the review took into account results of search carried out using Google Scholar. Finally, 24 research reports published between January 2000 and February 2024 were identified using the terms: “PTSD”, “cPTSD” and “foster care”. Results: The prevalence of PTSD in children ranged from 5.6% to 55%, whereas cPTSD was estimated between 8.2% and 10.7%. PTSD rates in adult alumni of foster care ranged from 2% to 35.6%. Children in foster care who had experienced ≥2 traumatic events were more likely to meet criteria for PTSD and cPTSD than those who had been exposed to a single trauma. The severity of traumatic experiences is a factor that increases the likelihood of developing PTSD.
Changes in the cytokine response in the hypothlamus of animals under the influence of chronic social stress: RNAseq data
Authors: Galyamina A. G. , Kovalenko I. L. , Smagin D. A. , Popova N. A.
Published: July 2024

It is known that chronic social stress leads to immunity disorders in humans and experimental animals. It has been shown that the effect of stress is also manifested in changes in the level of expression of genes involved in the functioning of various physiological systems in the brain of mice, in particular, in the hypothalamus. It was noted that in stressed animals, genes involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and apoptosis change their expression, and in animals without signs of developing a malignant process, but under conditions conducive to tumor growth. In this regard, we used the RNA-seq method to study the expression of cytokine response genes in the hypothalamus of male mice under the influence of chronic social stress caused by repeated experience of defeats in intermale confrontations, compared with control individuals. Multidirectional changes in the expression of cytokine genes, their receptors and genes performing a regulatory function were detected (IL17d, IL18, IL33, Csf1r, Csf2ra, IL11ra1, IL13ra1, IL2ra, IL3ra, IL5ra, Lifr, Cish, IL4i1, Irf1, Irf5, Irf9, Jak2, Socs3, Stat3, Tgfb1, Tlr3). Thus, it has been shown that changes in the cytokine response in the brain under the influence of stress occur at the level of changes in gene expression. In this case, we should not talk about the activation of the system or a decrease in its activity, but about the disruption of its functioning. Next, we analyzed the correlations between the level of expression of genes of the cytokine system and the main genes of carcinogenesis and apoptosis that we studied earlier (Akt1, Bag6, Foxp4, Mapk3, Mapk8, Nol3, Pdcd10, Xiap). The Akt1, Jak2, Stat3 genes were identified, for which the maximum number of correlations was found, moreover, negative correlations were most characteristic of Jak2, and positive correlations were most characteristic of Stat3 and Akt1. In addition, protein-protein interactions between genes of carcinogenesis and apoptosis and genes of the cytokine system were analyzed using the String database in mice under chronic social stress. It was confirmed the key role of these genes in the development of dysfunction of cytokines in the brain.
“Comparison of in vitro models for the study of senescence of macrophages associated with a tumor
Authors: Pukhalskaia T. V. , Yurakova T. R. , Mikhailovskaya V. S. , Bogdanova D. A. , Demidov O. N.
Published: July 2024

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important and most represented population of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. To a great extent, TAMs can determine the direction of the antitumor immune response; they can either additionally stimulate it or on the contrary contribute to the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment. At the same time, under the influence of tumor cells and antitumor therapy, many cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can develop a state of senescence. Over the last decade, the topic of senescence and the search for therapies aimed at removing senescent cells has gained popularity. In the search for new therapeutic strategies to treat cancer, senescent cells of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment have received special attention since the presence of senescent TAMs in tumors is associated with poor prognosis and poor response to therapy. Given the relevance of studying the role of senescent immune cells in TME (in particular tumor-associated macrophages), we performed a comparative analysis of experimental protocols to obtain tumor-associated macrophages in vitro to determine the most relevant approach. We tested two protocols for obtaining macrophages from mouse bone marrow: (1) by adding conditioned medium from the L929 mouse sarcoma cell line (LCCM) (LCCM-BMDM); and (2) by adding recombinant mouse M-CSF (M-CSF-BMDM). We showed that LCCM-BMDMs, compared to M-CSFBMDMs, have increased expression of the arginase enzyme (Arg1), which can inhibit the activity of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes by depleting arginine in the tumor microenvironment. LCCM-BMDMs also exhibited increased secretion of factors characteristic of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP): IL-6 and TNF. Both Arg1 and IL-6 and TNF are markers characteristic of senescence-associated macrophages. Thus, the use of LCCM to obtain primary macrophage culture limits further steps in creating a model of tumor-associated macrophages that reflects the specific characteristics of the macrophage phenotypic response for different tumor types aAnd also limits studies of senescence formation in tumor-associated macrophages in models of carcinogenesis other than sarcoma. We believe that differentiation of macrophages in the presence of M-CSF appears to be a more preferable protocol to study TAMs and senescent TAMs to test new therapeutic strategies.
Expression of membrane HSP70 on tumor cells during cultivation in 3D cultures
Authors: Kostenko V. V. , Boyko A. A. , Grechikhina M. V. , Ovsyanikova O. V. , Sapozhnikov A. M.
Published: July 2024

Heat shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (HSP70) are intracellular chaperones necessary for the cell to maintain protein homeostasis. In the cytosol, under normal conditions, these proteins promote the correct folding of proteins, preventing their aggregation, and are involved in protein transport and cell survival. Among the HSP70, there is a pool of stress-inducible proteins Hsp70, which significantly increases in response to a number of stress factors and facilitates cell recovery after stress. Tumor cells, unlike normal, are characterized by the ability to present Hsp70 on the surface of the cell membrane. Membrane-bound Hsp70 can be considered as a danger signal and enhance or inhibit immune responses. A three-dimensional model of cells in the spheroids in varying degrees simulates the structural organization of solid tumors. In cultures of multicellular spheroids (3D), hypoxia and nutrient gradients are formed within the spheroids, which can affect the translocation of Hsp70 to the cell membrane. The purpose of this work was a comparative analysis of Hsp70 expression on tumor cells of various origins when cultivated in a monolayer state (2D) and 3D cultures. Analysis was carried out on breast and pancreatic tumor cell lines, colon and prostate carcinomas, and lymphomas using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy methods. Cultivation in 3D cultures was performed using the antiadhesive PolyHEMA substrate. The results showed that not all carcinomas from our panel express Hsp70 in both 2D and 3D cultures. Some tumor lines have membrane Hsp70 only in 3D cultures. Hsp70 expression was detected on: BT20 breast cancer cells; colon carcinoma SW837; pancreas PANC1; and prostate PC-3. Analysis of Hsp70-positive carcinomas of various localizations in 2D and 3D models may be useful for the application of antibodies against Hsp70 as a vector for the delivery of anticancer drugs.
Gougerot–Hailey–Hailey disease: a case study associated with proven dysregulation of the immune response
Authors: Lazarenko L. L. , Shelipova A. A. , Ses T. P.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents a description of a clinical case of Gougerot–Hailey–Hailey disease with proven dysregulation of the immune response. The disease, also known as chronic benign familial pemphigus, is a rare genetic disorder that causes bullous skin lesions with intraepidermal localization. It is named after the authors who first described it. In most cases, Gougerot–Hailey–Hailey disease is caused by a mutation in the ATP2C1 gene that disrupts calcium regulation. Calcium accumulation alters normal intercellular adhesion in the skin, resulting in characteristic bullous skin lesions. Gougerot–Hailey–Hailey disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The frequency of distribution in the population is 1:50000 people. However, the variety of clinical phenotypes of the disease without a proven hereditary predisposition and the absence of a mutation in this gene allows us to assert the presence of other pathogenic factors, in particular, disorders in the immune system. In the clinical case we are describing, no clear genetic predisposition was revealed, but serious disorders in the immune system were detected. In particular, TNK cells are virtually non-existent. Analysis of subpopulations of natural killer cells indicates a decrease in the relative and absolute numbers of NK cells expressing CD16 and CD56 antigens, NK cells with high cytolytic activity, NK cells expressing the α chain of the CD8 antigen and having the ability to repeatedly perform their cytolytic function. When assessing B cell subpopulations, there is an increase in the relative content of B2 cells and B1 cells associated with production of autoantibodies, in parallel with an increase in the percentage of regulatory T helper cells with immunosuppressive function. Based on the identified changes in the immune system, we performed immunomodulatory therapy: discrete plasmapheresis, 5 procedures in 2 days, then intravenous drip injection of normal human immunoglobulin 25 mL (50 μg/mL) in 3 days, 5 infusions. The dynamics of cutaneous manifestations indicates a moderate positive effect. Obviously, further in-depth study of immune parameters in Gugerout-Haley-Haley disease, presumably in the innate immune system, is required. Probably, success in treatment and achievement of stable remission will be possible with the rational selection of anticytokine therapy.
Histotopography of highly glycosylated lymphocytes and stromal cells in lymph nodes of patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Anikaeva M. S. , Tolstolutskaya T. O. , Sergeev V. G.
Published: July 2024

Malignant transformation of lymphopoiesis in lymph nodes (LN) is accompanied by structural rearrangement of the LN stroma and changes in the glycosylation of membrane and cytoplasmic proteins. For the histochemical detection of transforming lymphoid cells and remodeled LN stroma, we used the tomato lectin Lycopersicon esculentum, which is able to bind to surface and cytoplasmic glycoproteins of the majority of LN cells. The study aimed to investigate the characteristics of cell architectonics with a high level of protein glycosylation in the LN of patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukаemia (B-CLL). The study material were biopsy specimens of supraclavicular and cervical LNs from patients of the First Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic with a confirmed diagnosis of B-CLL (16 patients), aged 49-73 years, obtained prior to treatment with their informed voluntary consent. LN biopsies from the same body regions of 12 individuals aged 48-70 years with reactive LN hyperplasia served as control samples. Paraffin sections of 7 µm thick LN were stained with FITC-conjugated tomato lectin and fluorescent dye propidium iodide (IP) and examined using a Nikon Eclipse200 microscope equipped with a luminescence unit and digital camera. Analysis of LN preparations from patients with B-CLL revealed significant changes in the histotopography of cells and extracellular structures with a high degree of glycosylation. Follicles in the cortex were replaced by an array of small lymphocytes against a background of proliferating centers containing lymphocytes with dispersed packing of IP-labelled chromatin. In this area we also observed a uniform network of thin lectin-labelled reticular fibres and a large number of small blood vessels. Macrophage-like cells, clearly identifiable in the germinal centres of follicles in control, were absent in B-CLL. Their increased number and intensity of luminescence was observed in the subcapsular sinus area and in the paracortical area around collagen bundles formed by conduits, as well as around connective tissue trabeculae of the brain substance. The differences observed in the histological topography of highly glycosylated LN cells in B-CLL suggest that the proposed staining method is informative and facilitates the diagnosis of this disease in histological studies.