bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease and Chest Pain: Impact of Obesity and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Vatsa Nishant , Dave Esha , Higgins Melinda , Huang Jingwen , Desai Shivang R. , Gold Daniel A. , Gold Matthew E. , Jain Vardhmaan , Fatade Yetunde K. , Rahbar Alireza , Kimble Laura P. , Ko Yi‐An , Sperling Laurence S. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Mehta Puja K.
Published: September 2024

Background

Chest pain (CP) in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease is a therapeutic challenge affecting morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify clinical factors associated with CP in this population, hypothesizing that obesity and depressive symptoms are associated with CP.

Methods and Results

In 814 patients with angiographically confirmed nonobstructive coronary artery disease, we measured sociodemographic variables, clinical risk factors, medications, and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 scores for depressive symptoms. We assessed CP frequency and prevalence by using all items from the Seattle Angina Questionnaire angina frequency domain to generate an angina frequency composite score. In the overall sample (58.8±11.7 years old, 52.6% female), 42.8% had obesity, and 71.5% had CP, with an angina frequency composite score (SD) score of 76.4 (22.1). Compared with individuals without obesity, individuals with obesity had a higher prevalence (77.6% versus 67%,
P
<0.001) and more frequent CP (angina frequency composite score, 74.9 [SD, 22.2] versus 78.3 [SD, 21.9],
P
=0.02). Obesity was independently associated with CP occurrence (odds ratio [OR], 1.7 [95% CI, 1–2.9],
P
=0.04). Obesity's connection with CP was only in men: men with obesity had more frequent CP (angina frequency composite score, 75.8 [SD, 20.1] versus 82.1 [SD, 19.9],
P
=0.002) and more prevalent CP (79.5% versus 58.2%,
P
<0.001) than their counterparts insofar as men with obesity had similar CP to women. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 score (OR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01–1.13],
P
=0.03) was independently associated with CP and partly mediated the association between obesity and CP.

Conclusions

Obesity and depressive symptoms were independently associated with CP in individuals with nonobstructive coronary artery disease, particularly in men, and depressive symptoms partly mediated this association.
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Morphology as a Predictor of Conductance Disturbances Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Espejo‐Paeres Carolina , Marroquín‐Donday Luis Alfonso , Hennessey Breda , Wang Lin , McInerney Angela , Paredes‐Vázquez José G. , Pérez‐Vizcayno María , Tirado‐Conte Gabriela , Macaya‐Ten Fernando , Mejía‐Rentería Hernán , Salinas Pablo , Núñez‐Gil Iván Javier , Gonzalo Nieves , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Escaned Javier , Fernández‐Ortiz Antonio , Pérez‐Villacastín Julián , Jiménez‐Quevedo Pilar
Published: September 2024

Background

Conduction disturbances represent one of the most common complications following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We sought to investigate the role of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) morphology in the development of conduction disturbances following TAVR.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients who underwent TAVR in our center were included. The ratio between the LVOT area and the aortic annulus area was calculated. Patients were then divided into 2 groups on the basis of this ratio: group 1, which included patients with an LVOT area/aortic annulus area ratio <0.9; and group 2, which included patients with an LVOT area/aortic annulus area ratio ≥0.9. The primary end point was to assess the relationship between LVOT shape and the rate of permanent pacemaker implantation following TAVR. A multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation following TAVR. From January 2018 to December 2020, 276 patients were included. Ninety‐one patients with tapered LVOT morphology were assigned to group 1 and the rest (n=185 patients), tubular LVOT or flared LVOT shape, to group 2. The mean age was 81.5±5.7 years and 57% were women. After adjusting by confounding factors, tapered morphology of the LVOT and prior right bundle‐branch block were found to be independent predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation (hazard ratio [HR], 2.6 [95% CI, 1.2–5.7];
P
=0.014; and HR: 4.3 [95% CI 2.4–7.6],
P
<0.001); at a median follow‐up time of 15.5 (interquartile range, 15) months.

Conclusions

A tapered‐LVOT morphology was associated with increased risk for permanent pacemaker implantation. LVOT morphology may be an additional factor to consider when choosing prosthesis size.
Circulating Plasma Proteins in Aortic Stenosis: Associations With Severity, Myocardial Response, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Tan Eugene S. J. , Choi Hyungwon , DeFilippi Christopher R. , Oon Yen‐Yee , Chan Siew‐Pang , Gong Lingli , Lunaria Josephine B. , Liew Oi‐Wah , Chong Jenny Pek‐Ching , Tay Edgar Lik‐Wui , Soo Wern‐Miin , Yip James Wei‐Luen , Yong Quek Wei , Lee Evelyn Min , Daniel Yeo Poh Shuan , Ding Zee Pin , Tang Hak Chiaw , Ewe See Hooi , Chin Calvin W. L. , Chai Siang Chew , Goh Ping Ping , Ling Lee Fong , Ong Hean Yee , Richards A. Mark , Ling Lieng‐Hsi
Published: September 2024

Background

Echocardiographic indexes of aortic stenosis may not comprehensively reflect disease morbidity. Plasma proteomic profiling may add prognostic value in these patients.

Methods and Results

Proximity extension assays (Olink) of 183 circulating cardiovascular and inflammatory proteins were performed in a prospective follow‐up study of 122 asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic patients (mean±SD age, 69.1±10.9 years; 61% men) with moderate to severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Protein signatures of higher‐risk echocardiographic subgroups were determined. Associations of proteins with the primary composite outcome (heart failure hospitalization, progression to New York Heart Association class III‐IV, or all‐cause mortality) were evaluated using competing risk analyses, with aortic valve replacement being the competing risk. Network analysis unveiled mutually exclusive communities of proteins and echocardiographic parameters, connected only through NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide). Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, and TNFRSF14), and trefoil factor‐3 were major hub proteins among the circulating biomarkers. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain >−15% was associated with higher levels of proteins, primarily of inflammation and immune regulation, whereas aortic valve area <1 cm
2
, E/e’ >15, and left atrial reservoir strain <20% were associated with higher levels of NT‐proBNP. Of 14 proteins associated with the primary end point, phospholipase‐C, C‐X‐C motif chemokine‐9, and interleukin‐10 receptor subunit β demonstrated the highest hazard ratios after adjusting for clinical factors (
q
<0.05).

Conclusions

Plasma proteins involved in inflammation and immune regulation were differentially expressed in patients with aortic stenosis with reduced left ventricular global longitudinal strain, and associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Their incorporation into aortic stenosis risk stratification warrants further assessment.
Revealing the Novel Role of Purinergic Receptor P2X4 in Phagocytic Uptake After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gamiotea‐Turro Daylin , Cronin Chunxia G. , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar , Yadawa Arun Kumar , Cormier Mary‐Katherine , Liang Bruce T. , Verma Rajkumar
Published: September 2024

Background

Purinergic receptor P2X4 (P2X4R), highly expressed on microglia and macrophages, is activated by ATP released from damaged cells and linked to poststroke inflammation. Previous studies showed that short‐term P2X4R inhibition reduces inflammation and promotes long term recovery, but the mechanism underlying P2X4R and inflammation remains unclear. We hypothesized that P2X4R absence or pharmacological blockade can enhance macrophage phagocytic function by alleviating excessive inflammation after stroke.

Methods and Results

We divided P2X4R knockout and littermate control mice into 2 groups either naive or mice subjected to ischemic stroke surgery. Additionally, the regular WT mice subjected to ischemic stroke were treated with 5‐(3‐Bromophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐Benzofuro[3,2‐e]‐1,4‐diazepin‐2‐one BD (a P2X4R inhibitor) or vehicle. We isolated phagocytic cells from mice in each group and assayed phagocytic activity by quantifying uptake of fluorescent beads and bioparticles using flow cytometry or confocal microscopy and by measuring protein expression related to phagocytosis. Short‐term inhibition of P2X4R with with 5‐(3‐Bromophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐Benzofuro[3,2‐e]‐1,4‐diazepin‐2‐one treatment upregulated ANXA1 (annexinA1). P2X4R absence prevented ATP‐induced decline in phagocytic uptake in macrophages. Microglia or macrophages derived from P2X4R knockout mice showed significantly increased phagocytic activity compared with microglia/macrophages taken from littermate control mice. Cell surface expression of CD36, a scavenger receptor protein, increased after stroke, and was higher in P2X4R knockout mice.

Conclusions

This study suggests that blockade or absence of P2X4R increases phagocytic uptake of damaged tissue following ischemic stroke. Taken together with previous reports detailing how P2X4R inhibition is protective following stroke, our results demonstrate P2X4R may mediate long‐term resolution after ischemic stroke by enhancing phagocytic clearance.
Exobasidium shiraianum var. osuzuense var. nov. (Exobasidiaceae) causing Exobasidium leaf blight on subgenus Hymenanthes, Rhododendron japonoheptamerum var. japonoheptamerum and R. yakusimanum var. intermedium in Japan
Authors: NAGAO HIDEYUKI , KUROGI SHUICHI
Published: September 2024

N/A
Two new species of Caribbiantes, with the redescription of the type species and a review of male genital patterns in Antillean Stenostygninae (Opiliones: Laniatores: Biantidae)
Authors: BARROSO AYLIN ALEGRE , PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ ABEL
Published: September 2024

Caribbiantes cubanus Šilhavý, 1973, type species of genus Caribbiantes Šilhavý, 1973, is redescribed based on abundant material from the type locality, providing new data on its morphological variability and penis morphology. Two new species of Caribbiantes are described, C. obtusus sp. nov. and C. barbai sp. nov., based on additional specimens from central and eastern Cuba, for which we give information on their geographical distribution, intraspecific variability and habitat. A new diagnosis for Caribbiantes and updated geographic distributions of the included species are provided. The sexually dimorphic glandular structures on the metatarsus III of males for all Caribbiantes species are described. Male dimorphism, most evident in the robustness of the chelicerae, is reported for the studied species. The male genitalia patterns of Antillean stenostygnines species are described. The phylogenetic affinity of Antillean stenostygnines with Stenostygnus Simon, 1879, a genus from the north of South America, is discussed based on some morphological traits.
Combinatorial Properties, Invariants and Structures Associated with the Direct Product of Alternating and Cyclic Groups Acting on the Cartesian Product of Two Sets
Authors: Orina Morang’a , Namu Nyaga , Muriuki Gikunju
Published: September 2024

In relation to group action, much research has focused on the properties of individual permutation groups acting on both ordered and unordered subsets of a set, particularly within the Alternating group and Cyclic group. However, the action of the direct product of Alternating group and Cyclic group on the Cartesian product of two sets remains largely unexplored, suggesting that some properties of this group action are still undiscovered. This research paper therefore, aims to determine the combinatorial properties - specifically transitivity and primitivity - as well as invariants which includes ranks and subdegrees of this group action. Lemmas, theorems and definitions were utilized to achieve the objectives of study with significant use of the Orbit-Stabilizer theorem and Cauchy-Frobeneus lemma. Therefore in this paper, the results shows that for any value of n ≥ 3, the group action is transitive and imprimitive. Additionally, we found out that when n = 3, the rank is 9 and the corresponding subdegrees are ones repeated nine times that is, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1. Also, for any value of n > 4, the rank is 2n with corresponding subdegrees comprising of n suborbits of size 1 and n suborbits of size (n − 1).
Analysis on Syndrome and Treatment of Shaoyin Cold Type Acute Tonsillitis
Authors: tian Yan , Ying Yan
Published: September 2024

Acute tonsillitis belongs to the category of "milk moth" in traditional Chinese medicine. TCM clinical syndrome differentiation is often divided into two types: wind-heat pathogens affecting the lung meridian and dietary excess leading to heat accumulation in the lungs and stomach. The author's clinical practice found that some acute tonsillitis patients are often manifested as Shaoyin cold type, and the syndrome and treatment of general acute tonsillitis are totally different. "Throat Science Family Instructions" put forward the specific treatment of pharyngeal pain is Shaoyin typhoid type, and the prescription is Banxia Gangui Decoction, which is composed of eight kinds of drugs: Guizhi, Banxia, Fuling, Jiegeng, Yiyiren, Buguzhi, Ganjiang, and Zexie. It is traditionally used to treat symptoms such as sore throat, diarrhea, deep and thin pulse, and white tongue coating without thirst. Combining theory and clinical experience, the author reports successful clinical outcomes using this decoction to treat acute tonsillitis of the Shaoyin cold type. This paper aims to analyze the internal connection between Banxia Gangui Decoction and Shaoyin cold type acute tonsillitis. The paper outlines the symptom characteristics, etiology and pathogenesis, treatment based on syndrome differentiation, differential diagnosis of this condition, along with the therapeutic rationale for Banxia Gangui Decoction. A case study is included.
Ethiopia and BRICS: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Mekonnen Wondimu
Published: September 2024

This study examines Ethiopia's relationship with the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), exploring both the opportunities and challenges this affiliation presents. As emerging economies gain global influence, Ethiopia's inclusion in BRICS represents a significant chance to leverage economic, political, and technological strengths. The research highlights the potential benefits for Ethiopia, including enhanced trade, investment, and technology transfer, which could drive the country's economic growth and development. However, Ethiopia also faces substantial challenges, such as infrastructure deficiencies, skill gaps, and regulatory barriers that may hinder its ability to fully align with BRICS frameworks. The study underscores Ethiopia's strategic motivations for engaging with BRICS, including accessing new markets and fostering innovation. It also addresses the risks of economic dependency and the need for a balanced diplomatic strategy with traditional Western partners. Through a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative and qualitative analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of Ethiopia's position within BRICS. The study emphasizes the geopolitical significance of BRICS in reshaping global power dynamics and Ethiopia's potential role in this transformation. The study offers strategic recommendations to enhance Ethiopia's engagement with BRICS, aimed at a mutually beneficial partnership aligned with Ethiopia's development goals and regional influence. This contribution is crucial for policymakers and researchers interested in South-South cooperation and its impact on Africa's fastest-growing economies.
NOAAGlobalTemp Version 6: An AI-Based Global Surface Temperature Dataset
Authors: Yin Xungang , Huang Boyin , Menne Matthew , Vose Russell , Zhang Huai-Min , Adeyeye Adedoja , Applequist Scott , Gleason Karin , Liu Chunying , Sanchez-Lugo Ahira
Published: September 2024

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Surface Temperature (NOAAGlobalTemp) dataset is widely used for scientific research, operational monitoring, and climate assessment activities. Aligning with NOAA’s mission values, NOAAGlobalTemp has been updated to version 6 (i.e., NGTv6), which includes two enhancements over its predecessor (NGTv5). The first enhancement is the expansion of the spatial coverage to encompass the entire globe and the extension of temporal coverage back to 1850 (an interim version of NOAAGlobalTemp with these features was released in February 2023). The expansion of spatial coverage is accomplished by utilizing surface air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean and by eliminating the data reconstruction mask used in NGTv5 that had suppressed interpolation in data-sparse regions. This change has important implications for global temperature trends since the Arctic region has been warming at a much faster pace, more than 4 times the global average, in the twenty-first century to date. The second enhancement is the implementation of a methodology based on artificial intelligence (AI) for reconstructing surface air temperature over the global land surface and the Arctic Ocean. The AI model employs an artificial neural network to fill data gaps and is demonstrated to be more robust, stable, and accurate than the previous gap-filling method, particularly in observation-sparse areas such as the polar regions. The model outperforms the previous approach across all evaluated statistical metrics, and the output reaches a stable state more quickly as observations are received, which facilitates climate monitoring. NGTv6 was released in February 2024.
Neither Naïve Nor Fatalistic: Decolonizing Mining Partnerships With Indigenous Communities in Mongolia and Australia
Authors: Turkina Natalya
Published: September 2024

Mining partnerships have often been promoted as opportunities for meaningful collaboration between corporations and Indigenous communities. However, these partnerships frequently lack a nuanced understanding of the colonial assumptions that underpin power imbalances and divergent perspectives. This study addresses this gap by examining how a multinational mining corporation, Indigenous communities, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) representing these communities (de)legitimize their mining partnerships within the framework of global stakeholder colonialism in Australia and Mongolia. The study shows how stakeholder colonialism coerces Indigenous communities into accepting a social reality where mining is inevitable, either with or without partnerships. This dynamic reflects the hegemonic power of mining corporations, which is sustained not by a balance of coercion and consent but by discursive coercion without consent. This implies that there is a failure of this hegemonic power to fully establish itself, opening the door for subaltern resistance and counter-hegemonic struggles by Indigenous peoples. By highlighting Indigenous perspectives that challenge the prevailing managerial views in mining corporations, this study disrupts the corporate narrative that portrays the sole social objectivity where mining is inevitable. Instead, it advocates for a more nuanced understanding that goes beyond a simplistic view of mining partnerships as either naïve democratic deliberation or fatalistic stakeholder colonialism.
Suspicionless Stop and Search: You’re Joking, not Another one!
Authors: Parpworth Neil
Published: September 2024

Police stop and search powers have been on the statute book for many years and are widely regarded as being an important tool in the prevention or detection of criminal offences. Whilst most of these powers require that an officer has ‘reasonable grounds to suspect’ that a person is in possession of a prohibited item or article before they may be exercised, the last 30 or so years has seen the emergence of ‘suspicionless’ stop and search powers on the statute book. These have proved to be controversial for a number of reasons, not least because they permit random stop and searches to occur which rarely result in officers finding what they were looking for, and have the potential to strain relations between the police and the communities they serve. Official data also makes clear that they have consistently been used in a racially disproportionate way. Under the Public Order Act 2023, a new suspicionless stop and search power has been created which is exercisable by the police in the context of peaceful protests. The case against it was strongly made in the House of Lords and beyond Parliament. Regrettably, it was not accepted by a government which was also unwilling to amend the legislation so as to enhance the safeguards designed to prevent the misuse of the power.
Investigation on the structure and thermal properties of HDPE/Ta2O5-based nanocomposites
Authors: Huseynova A.S. , Rzayev R.M. , Hajiyeva F.V.
Published: September 2024

This work reports on the influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticles on the structure and thermal properties of HDPE + Ta2O5 based polymer nanocomposites prepared by ex-situ solution casting method. XRD analysis confirmed the orthorhombic structure of Ta2O5 nanoparticles and an increase in the degree of crystallinity of HDPE/Ta2O5 based nanocomposites after the introduction of Ta2O5 into the HDPE matrix. SEM analysis showed that Ta2O5 nanoparticles were distributed over the surface of the sample in a spherical shape. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of Ta –O-Ta stretching vibration bands at 557 cm−1, 584 cm−1, 599 cm−1, 614 cm−1 and Ta-O bands at 824 cm−1, 828 cm−1 for HDPE/3-7 wt%Ta2O5 nanocomposites. The results indicate that small amounts of Ta2O5 nanoparticles (3–7 wt.%) introduced into HDPE act as nucleating agents, which enhance the thermal properties of the HDPE/Ta2O5 nanocomposite. Additionally, the properties of the polymer nanocomposite are influenced by both the structural changes in the polymer matrix and the interactions at the nanoparticle-polymer interface.
National Guard Command Authority and the Black Lives Matter Protests of 2020: Domestic Security Debates for a New Generation of Military Veterans
Authors: Lantis Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2024

This study explores connections between the military experiences of a new generation of War on Terror (WoT) veterans elected to the U.S. Congress and controversial policy decisions on domestic security during the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests. WoT veterans became the largest cohort of lawmakers with common military experiences on Capitol Hill in 2020, and this article examines their engagement through two original case studies of legislative debates over command and control of the National Guard mobilization during BLM protests. Confrontations between federal law enforcement officers and BLM protestors led some WoT veterans to propose legislation to restrict executive authority over National Guard deployments, including reforms of Titles 10 and 32 of the U.S. Code and the Insurrection Act, but other WoT veterans challenged these positions. This exploratory study of events and circumstances links the timely topic of domestic security to traditional debates in the civil–military relations literature on whether veterans are more or less likely to support the use of military force and try to expand congressional oversight of presidential powers. By bridging the gap between research areas and crossing generations, this article offers lessons for past, present, and potentially future debates about the use of troops for domestic security operations.
Perceived teacher expectations and the academic engagement of junior high school students in rural China: The role of academic self-efficacy
Authors: Wang Yujiao , Qin Yuyou , Gao Kaige , Qi Wenhui , Sang Guoyuan
Published: September 2024

The “Rosenthal effect” occurs when teachers’ expectations are positively correlated with students’ academic behaviors and performance. However, it is necessary to explore the specific relationship with academic engagement in terms of students’ perceived teacher expectations. This study involving 907 students from three junior high schools in rural China reveals the relationships among perceived teacher expectations, academic self-efficacy, and academic engagement using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that perceived teacher expectations are positively related to academic engagement. Academic self-efficacy plays an indirect role in the relationship between perceived teacher expectations and academic engagement. The findings have important educational implications: they advance the relevant research on teacher expectations, and they provide feasible and practical strategies to ensure that rural students obtain a more equitable and high-quality education.
Becoming Scientific-Environmental Citizens Through Citizen Science in China
Authors: Goron Coraline , Lora-Wainwright Anna , Huang Shuling
Published: September 2024

This article advocates for a closer study of the forms of citizenship nurtured among individual participants in citizen science (CS) projects by highlighting some salient features of CS in China. Through a detailed examination of the experiences of students participating in the CS activities of a Chinese environmental NGO, it proposes that attention to CS as a means of democratizing science should be complemented by a similar attention to the ways in which CS fosters “scientific-environmental citizenship.” The article argues that these emergent forms of citizenship may be revealed by focusing on the experiences, perspectives, values and skills acquired by participants, and the specific polity in which CS initiatives are situated. This attention to the development of scientific-environmental citizenship as an outcome of CS is particularly valuable in contexts where democratic participation is otherwise constrained, but also yields a more nuanced understanding of citizenship enacted through CS in democratic contexts.
Daily sibling interactions among latino children in middle childhood: An examination of familism values and sibling roles
Authors: Son Daye , Duran Julissa G. , Updegraff Kimberly A. , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J. , Feinberg Mark E.
Published: September 2024

Siblings are children’s most frequent daily companions in middle childhood and these relationships are theorized to be dynamic in nature but are rarely studied in a way that captures their day-to-day variation. Guided by cultural-ecological and relationship perspectives, this study examined the role of older siblings’ familism values and caring roles as predictors of average levels of and day-to-day variation in siblings’ positive and negative exchanges across seven days and tested moderation by child sex. Participants were older ( M = 10.6 years; SD = 0.39; 46.6% female) and younger siblings ( M = 8.2 years; SD = 1.07; 47.2% female) in 307 Latino sibling dyads recruited from 11 elementary schools in the southwestern U.S. Data were collected via home visits with parents, and in afterschool sessions and seven nightly phone calls with siblings. Analyses were conducted using a random variability model in a multilevel structural equation modeling approach. Findings revealed consistent associations between older siblings’ familism values and sibling roles and both average levels of and intraindividual variation in older siblings’ positivity and negativity. For younger siblings, some findings were moderated by child sex with more consistent links to younger sisters’ positivity and negativity than younger brothers’. Discussion highlights how older siblings’ cultural values and roles shape both overall levels of and day-to-day fluctuations in siblings’ exchanges and offers future directions of research.
Analysis of growth pattern of temporal bone pneumatization using 3D reconstructed computed tomography
Authors: Song Sun Wha , Jun Beom Cho
Published: September 2024

Background

Temporal bone pneumatization (TBP) is influenced by age, sex, and race, and it seems to progress rapidly to puberty. However, the extent of TBP in childhood remains unclear.

Purpose

To investigate the progression of TBP in children aged 1–18 years via three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) images.

Material and Methods

A total of 432 temporal bones of 216 individuals aged 1–18 years with well-pneumatized mastoid antra on both sides were included in this retrospective work. We created 18 age groups, each with six boys and six girls. Surface rendering of air density was performed using −290 HU to obtain TBP. Statistical analysis employed SPSS version 24.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results

The linear regression equations that considered age and volume for all cases (ya), male (ym) and female (yf) were ya = 384.42x + 1790.40, R2 = 0.425; ym = 431.54x + 1440.9, R2 = 0.501; and yf = 337.26 x + 2140.5, R2 = 0.355. Both male and female individuals showed an increase in the average value of pneumatization until the age of 17, and the values ​​of pneumatization at specific ages for boys and girls showed differences. The mean male and female TBP levels differed significantly at 3, 11, and 18 years of age ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

TBP in boys was greater than that of girls at adolescence. It was possible to identify the specific periods of significant variation in the degree of pneumatization of temporal bone.
Unfeeling or Uncontrolled? PCL-R Subfactor-Specific Anomalies in Psychological Processing During Criminal Behavior
Authors: Hamatschek Marie Joséphine , Dahle Klaus-Peter
Published: September 2024

Psychopathy has been linked to insensitivity to negative affect as well as to a self-regulatory deficit. However, studies on these associations rarely involve real-life behavioral data. Using a theory-based content analysis of offense descriptions in criminal verdicts, the affective and regulatory processes that male German prison inmates ( N = 109) displayed during criminal norm-violations were coded. Their PCL-R scores were split up into the interpersonal-affective (F1) and the lifestyle-antisocial (F2) factors. As expected, F1 was associated with positive (as opposed to negative) activation affect during criminal behavior (τ = .32, p < .001), while F2 was not. In contrast, F2 was associated with impulsive reactivity (τ = .14, p = .03), while F1 was not. No differential association was found with angry emotionality. Overall, the bifactorial nature of the PCL-R psychopathy construct seems to be reflected in psychological processing during real-life criminal behavior. This might indicate differential criminogenic processes.
Impressive Factors of the Victimization of Shiite Muslim Minorities in Afghanistan: A Case Study District 13 of Kabul during the Pre-Taliban Period
Authors: Popal Mahmood , Seidzadeh Seid Mahdi
Published: September 2024

Shiite Muslims are one of the most influential ethnic minorities in Afghanistan. It appears that they are more victims of violence than other population groups in Afghanistan. On the other hand, the victimization rate in society is one of the most critical issues in criminology. Being victimized can lead to property loss, psychological trauma, and even death. Sensitive ethnic minorities are particularly pronounced in these challenges, especially in traditional societies such as Afghanistan. Therefore, the victimization rate and its influential factors among Shiite Muslims in Afghanistan need to be carefully analyzed. This is a survey study whose statistical population includes all residents of District 13 of Kabul, 285 of whom were selected using a structured questionnaire designed by the researcher and a multistage cluster sampling method. In addition, a multiple-choice Likert scale was used to measure the dependent and independent variables. The study’s results indicate that more than 75% of the respondents and, in the past 5 years, more than 80% of their friends and family members have been victimized. In addition, respondents reported that the overall average probability of victimization over the next 10 years is 3.41 (the probability rate ranged from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 5). Women were more likely to be victimized than men, with average victimization rates of 1.38 and 1.24, respectively (the probability rate ranged from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 2). There was also a significant positive correlation between victimization and other variables such as age, gender, marital status, education level, and economic status.
Exploring occupational therapy practice with children who are picky eaters and their families
Authors: Holland Luca C , Verdonck Michèle , Meredith Pamela J , Chilman Laine B
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Picky eating is a complex phenomenon, impacting family routines and relationships. Occupational therapists often work with picky eaters and their families, yet little is understood about the occupational therapy process and reasoning in this context. This study was guided by the following research question: How do Australian occupational therapists choose and deliver interventions for children with picky eating and their families?

Method:

This qualitative interpretive descriptive study used in-depth semi-structured online interviews with 10 Australian-based occupational therapists working with children who are picky eaters. Data was analysed inductively following a thematic analysis process, and emergent themes were identified.

Findings:

Participants indicated that they used a complex reasoning process, with ‘Tailoring Occupational Therapy for Picky Eating’ emerging as the central finding. Key factors underpinning these tailored interventions were finding the why; addressing the why; and practising within context.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to investigate occupational therapists’ reasoning processes when working with families impacted by picky eating. Occupational therapists described the complexity of picky eating, and the subsequent reasoning to find suitable interventions. Findings may guide occupational therapists’ clinical practice when working with children with picky eating and their families.
Assessing wind turbine blade durability longevity utilizing national renewable energy laboratory tools
Authors: Thomas Matt , Boettcher Noah , Huish Caden , Shakya Praveen , Seibi Abdennour C. , Arias Daniel , Shekaramiz Mohammad , Masoum Mohammad A. S.
Published: September 2024

With the escalating significance of renewable energy, there exists a pressing demand for precise software and tools capable of designing and forecasting wind turbine blade service life. OpenFAST, TurbSim, and MLife are pivotal open-source wind turbine simulation tools that integrate aerodynamics, structural dynamics, wind simulation, and control systems. They enable accurate prediction of wind turbine performance. This study aims to leverage these software resources to model turbulent wind conditions using predefined basic parameters and then calculate fatigue and longevity of the wind turbine blade to determine service life. Particularly, MLife was employed for rose loading, enhancing the fidelity of the loading cycle simulation. Collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the research team played a crucial role in establishing a foundational baseline and implementing realistic input parameters for evaluating the ultimate load, determining damage equivalent loads (DEL), and projecting service life. In all simulations, a constant factor of safety (FOS) of 1.5 was consistently applied. Additionally, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to validate our numerical experiments, ensuring the accuracy of the obtained results by correlating simulation outcomes with real-world scenarios, further strengthening the credibility of the study.
Investigating Alternative Representations of Building Structures in Traffic Noise Modeling
Authors: Sperry Benjamin R. , Destocki Devon , Rochat Judy , Cubick Karel
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the results of an investigation of various traffic noise modeling techniques with the Traffic Noise Model (TNM) 2.5 software package, with specific focus on the representation of traffic noise shielding from residences parallel to the freeway. A comprehensive traffic noise field study was undertaken in a neighborhood adjacent to Interstate 270 in Columbus, Ohio. Data collection activities occurred in three “waves” accounting for the pre-clearing, no barrier, and with barrier conditions. Measured noise levels at the study site indicated that there was some noise shielding effect of the residential structures; this effect was most readily perceptible behind the first row of residences. Separate TNM layouts were developed to represent the neighborhood’s residential structures as either a TNM building row object or as separate TNM barrier objects for each structure. The analysis found that modeling each individual residential structure as a separate TNM noise barrier object (single building façade that is closest to the freeway) produces the most accurate modeled noise levels, as compared to the building row representation or simply omitting the shielding from structures altogether. Based on these findings, it is recommended that traffic noise practitioners consider modeling each residential structure in noise-sensitive areas as TNM noise barrier objects.
Association of Depression With Handgrip Strength and Muscle Mass in Young and Middle-Aged American Adults From NHANES 2011–2014: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jiang Zhenzhen , Jiang Shunlei , Ren Xia , Ji Xiaojie , Yu Hengheng , Zhao Zhiqiang
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To investigate relationship between depression and handgrip strength (HGS) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) in Young and middle-aged adults.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Data from participants aged 20-59 from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Sample

In a study of 4927 middle-aged Americans, 2564 (52.30%) were men and 2363 (47.7%) were women, with an average age of 38.57 ± 11.72. Among this group, 716 individuals (14.53%) experienced mild depression, while 385 individuals (7.81%) suffered from moderate to severe depression.

Measures

Data of HGS and ALM were collected by handgrip test, and whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Linear and logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression analyses and subgroup analysis were conducted to evaluate the association.

Results

Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, the study showed that a 1-point increase in the depression score was associated with a 4% increase in the probability of reduced grip strength for both males (95% CI: 1.01-1.07) and females (95% CI: 1.01-1.06). Additionally, for males, there was a 5% increase in the likelihood of decreased muscle mass (95% CI: 1.01-1.09), whereas the decline in muscle mass for females did not exhibit statistical significance. Subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse relationship between depression and grip strength, along with the negative association between depression and muscle mass among males, remained consistent in the 40-59 age range.

Conclusion

This research revealed an inverse relationship between depression and grip strength in middle-aged and young individuals, and a negative association between depression and ALM was only noted in males. Early intervention could be beneficial from age 40.
Regional divergence in France and international integration: Is foreign direct investment attraction policy part of the problem?
Authors: Eyre Phil Watson , Grover David
Published: September 2024

What if certain policy actions that a country takes to promote international integration also promote regional divergence at home? Different policy options available to regions and countries for promoting inward foreign direct investment are considered in a global production networks framework. Theory and evidence suggest that certain pro-integration policies can be divergence-promoting. Mixed evidence for France for the period 1990–2019, including longitudinal statistics and interviews with managers at regional investment promotion agencies, supports this conclusion. If policy itself is encouraging regional divergence, this would help explain the origins of, and also potentially remedies to, the ‘discontent’ in Europe’s peripheral regions. It would also raise questions about the political and social consequences of pro-integration policy prescriptions that flow from the New Economic Geography.
Book review: Samhita Sunya, Sirens of Modernity: World Cinema via Bombay
Authors: Mazumdar Ranjani
Published: September 2024

Samhita Sunya, Sirens of Modernity: World Cinema via Bombay (University of California Press, 2022), 270 pp., $34.95; £30.00, ISBN: 9780520379534 (Paperback).
Follicular thyroid carcinoma in an inbred family of mongrel dogs in Trinidad & Tobago
Authors: Suepaul Rod , Rajh Stacy , Pow-Brown Patricia , Pargass Indira , Bally Alissa , Gyan Lana , Frontera-Acevedo Karelma
Published: September 2024

Thyroid tumors occur in many domestic species, but are most common in the dog, in which they are classified as follicular or medullary. During 2012–2016, we received tissue specimens or whole carcasses of 4 dogs with variable enlargement of the thyroid glands. The 2 males and 2 females were of mixed (mongrel) inbreeding, 3–4.5-y-old. All tumors had lobulated architecture forming follicular structures variably containing colloid. On immunohistochemistry of the tumors from 3 of the dogs, 2 were thyroglobulin positive, and all 3 were negative for calcitonin, confirming follicular thyroid carcinoma in 2 of the dogs. Thyroid carcinomas have not been reported previously in related mongrel dogs, to our knowledge.
Adaptive hysteresis compensation control of a macro-fiber composite bimorph by improved reinforcement learning
Authors: Li Xingqiu , Hu Kaiming , Li Hua , Wang Ban , Xu Suan , He Yuchen
Published: September 2024

The hysteresis characteristics related to the frequency and amplitude of the control signal seriously affect the precision of the displacement tracking control of the macro-fiber composite (MFC) bimorph. The traditional feedforward compensator tends to exhibit low precision in controlling displacement. Although it enhances the control accuracy to a certain extent by incorporating a feedback controller, the existing feedback controller has a weak adaptive ability. Thus, the Q-learning (QL) algorithm is combined with the Bouc-Wen (BW) feedforward compensator in this study. The output voltage from the BW compensator has a more significant impact on the control accuracy and convergence speed of the QL algorithm. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved QL (IQL) algorithm that leverages the control error. Moreover, a BW-IQL adaptive control method is proposed to realize precise adaptive control of the MFC bimorph. Experimental comparisons are performed with the proposed method and the traditional BW, BW-PID, and BW-fuzzy PID controllers. The BW-IQL controller reduces the average relative errors of the three controllers by 86.9%, 59.9%, and 41.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the Q̄ table plays a major role in error suppression in the IQL controller. These results verify that the BW-IQL control method has higher adaptability and accuracy.
Mabrouk’s Measure of Adolescent Optimism: Development and Validation of a New Scale of Adolescent Optimism
Authors: Too Ezra , Chongwo Esther Jebor , Mabrouk Adam , Mwangi Paul , Makandi Millicent , Kerubo Anita , Odhiambo Rachel , Kabue Margaret , Marangu Joyce , Angwenyi Vibian , Abubakar Amina
Published: September 2024

Several measures of adolescent optimism exist. However, none of these measures have been developed in the African setting, and only a few of the available measures have been validated for use in this setting. We aimed to develop and validate a culturally appropriate measure for this context. We employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods design using a five-step approach to tool development, comprising literature reviews, construct clarification, item development, piloting, and scale evaluation. We constructed a six-item scale, the Mabrouk’s Measure of Adolescent Optimism (MMAO). In a sample of 1616 adolescents from Kenya, the MMAO demonstrated adequate internal consistency (both Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s Omega > 0.80) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.46). Factor analysis supported a unidimensional scale with adequate criterion and divergent validity as well as measurement invariance across sex, age (younger vs. older adolescents), residence (rural vs. urban), schooling status (in-school vs. out-of-school adolescents), and language of administration (Swahili vs. English). We report on the development and validation of a new scale of adolescent optimism that can be used to assess optimism among adolescents in Kenya and similar contexts. Preliminary evidence shows support for this new measure’s reliability and validity, although additional tests are needed.
Using Freely Generated Labels Instead of Rating Scales to Assess Emotion in Everyday Life
Authors: Hoemann Katie , Warfel Evan , Mills Caitlin , Allen Laura , Kuppens Peter , Wormwood Jolie B.
Published: September 2024

To measure emotion in daily life, studies often prompt participants to repeatedly rate their feelings on a set of prespecified terms. This approach has yielded key findings in the psychological literature yet may not represent how people typically describe their experiences. We used an alternative approach, in which participants labeled their current emotion with at least one word of their choosing. In an initial study, estimates of label positivity recapitulated momentary valence ratings and were associated with self-reported mental health. The number of unique emotion words used over time was related to the balance and spread of emotions endorsed in an end-of-day rating task, but not to other measures of emotional functioning. A second study tested and replicated a subset of these findings. Considering the variety and richness of participant responses, a free-label approach appears to be a viable as well as compelling means of studying emotion in everyday life.
Research Progress of γδT Cells in Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Yan , Mo Xin-pei , Yao Hong , Xiong Qiu-xia
Published: September 2024

Background: γδT cells are special innate lymphoid cells, which are not restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC). γδT cells mainly exist in human epidermis and mucosal epithelium. They can secrete a variety of cytokines and chemokines involved in immune regulation, and produce effective cytotoxic responses to cancer cells. Purpose:  To investigate the role of γδT cells in tumor immunotherapy, to understand its anti-tumor mechanism, and to explore the synergistic effect with other treatment modalities. This therapy is expected to become an important means of cancer treatment. Research Design: In this review presents a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature, focusing on the efficacy of γδT cells in a variety of tumor types. Results: The mechanism of γδT cells recognizing tumor antigens and killing tumor was clarified. The tumor immunotherapy based on γδT cells and its application in clinical practice were summarized. Conclusions: γδT cells have shown promising potential in tumor immunotherapy, but the therapeutic effect varies according to the type of tumor, and some patients have poor response. There are still some challenges in the treatment of this disease, such as non-standard expansion regimens and different responses of patients, indicating that the existing treatment methods are not complete. Future research should focus on perfecting γδT cell expansion protocols, gaining a deeper understanding of its anti-tumor mechanisms, and exploring synergies with other treatment modalities. This multifaceted study will promote the development of γδT cells in the field of cancer immunotherapy.