bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Becoming an independent feeder”: infant’s transition in solid food introduction through baby-led weaning
Authors: Utami Ayu Fitria , Wanda Dessie , Hayati Happy , Fowler Cathrine
Published: December 2020

Background

Baby-led weaning (BLW), a method for introducing complementary foods, has become popular because it is considered beneficial for infants.

Methods

This study investigated the experiences of mothers when using BLW in Jakarta, Indonesia using a qualitative descriptive approach. Thirteen mothers participated who had introduced complementary feeding using BLW for a minimum of 6 months. Semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis was used to work with the data.

Results

Three themes were identified: avoiding being a ‘picky’ eater; infants gagging and choking; and becoming independent feeders.

Conclusion

Further research related to the growth and development of baby-led weaning infants in Indonesia is recommended.
Correlations between drug use, HIV disclosure and interpersonal communication on sexual risk behaviour of HIV-positive men who have sex with men
Authors: Afriyanti Lussy , Waluyo Agung , Yona Sri
Published: December 2020

Background

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic is a global health problem whose number of cases are always higher among men who have sex with men (MSM). Most existing MSM have moderate and very high risk behaviour in HIV transmission. This study was designed to identify correlations between drug use, HIV disclosure and interpersonal communication patterns on sexual risk behaviour among HIV-positive MSM.

Methods

This study used a cross sectional design with a purposive sampling technique for participants who visited the voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) clinic in a referral hospital and snowball sampling technique for participants in the work area of a community health centre in Batam involving 126 HIV-positive MSM. Data were collected by 5 part questionnaire, namely demographic questionnaire, drug screening questionnaire, brief scale for HIV self disclosure, communication pattern questionnaire-short form, and safe sex behaviour questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was applied to determine whether there is a relationship between drug use, HIV disclosure, interpersonal communication and demographic characteristics (ethnicity, educational status) with sexual risk behaviour of MSM. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the variables that most associated variable to sexual risk behaviour.

The results

The results showed that there was significant correlation between HIV disclosure and sexual risk behaviour (p = 0.019, α = 0.05, OR = 2.530) and significant correlation between interpersonal communication patterns and sexual risk behaviour (p = 0.016, α = 0.05, OR = 2.589). There is no significant correlation between demographic characteristics, namely: ethnicity and educational status with sexual behaviour at risk of MSM. In multiple logistic regression analysis, educational status was the factor that most associated with sexual risk behaviour among HIV-positive MSM (p = 0.027, α = 0.05, OR = 2.807, 95% CI = 1.125–7.006).

Conclusions

HIV disclosure and interpersonal communication patterns have a significant negative correlation with sexual risk behaviour among HIV-positive MSM. MSM with low HIV disclosure have high risk sexual behaviour opportunities. MSM with the closed interpersonal communication pattern also has a high risk of sexual behaviour. Education status was the most associated variable to sexual risk behaviour of HIV-positive MSM. Nurses as professional health workers need to improve comprehensive assessment, personal counselling and plan specific learning model by involving HIV-positive MSM in reducing HIV transmission from risky behaviour.
STARRPeaker: uniform processing and accurate identification of STARR-seq active regions
Authors: Lee Donghoon , Shi Manman , Moran Jennifer , Wall Martha , Zhang Jing , Liu Jason , Fitzgerald Dominic , Kyono Yasuhiro , Ma Lijia , White Kevin P. , Gerstein Mark
Published: December 2020

STARR-seq technology has employed progressively more complex genomic libraries and increased sequencing depths. An issue with the increased complexity and depth is that the coverage in STARR-seq experiments is non-uniform, overdispersed, and often confounded by sequencing biases, such as GC content. Furthermore, STARR-seq readout is confounded by RNA secondary structure and thermodynamic stability. To address these potential confounders, we developed a negative binomial regression framework for uniformly processing STARR-seq data, called STARRPeaker. Moreover, to aid our effort, we generated whole-genome STARR-seq data from the HepG2 and K562 human cell lines and applied STARRPeaker to comprehensively and unbiasedly call enhancers in them.
Intronic tRNAs of mitochondrial origin regulate constitutive and alternative splicing
Authors: Hoser Simon M. , Hoffmann Anne , Meindl Andreas , Gamper Maximilian , Fallmann Jörg , Bernhart Stephan H. , Müller Lisa , Ploner Melanie , Misslinger Matthias , Kremser Leopold , Lindner Herbert , Geley Stephan , Schaal Heiner , Stadler Peter F. , Huettenhofer Alexander
Published: December 2020

Background

The presence of nuclear mitochondrial DNA (numtDNA) has been reported within several nuclear genomes. Next to mitochondrial protein-coding genes, numtDNA sequences also encode for mitochondrial tRNA genes. However, the biological roles of numtDNA remain elusive.

Results

Employing in silico analysis, we identify 281 mitochondrial tRNA homologs in the human genome, which we term nimtRNAs (nuclear intronic mitochondrial-derived tRNAs), being contained within introns of 76 nuclear host genes. Despite base changes in nimtRNAs when compared to their mtRNA homologs, a canonical tRNA cloverleaf structure is maintained. To address potential functions of intronic nimtRNAs, we insert them into introns of constitutive and alternative splicing reporters and demonstrate that nimtRNAs promote pre-mRNA splicing, dependent on the number and positioning of nimtRNA genes and splice site recognition efficiency. A mutational analysis reveals that the nimtRNA cloverleaf structure is required for the observed splicing increase. Utilizing a CRISPR/Cas9 approach, we show that a partial deletion of a single endogenous nimtRNALyswithin intron 28 of thePPFIBP1gene decreases inclusion of the downstream-located exon 29 of thePPFIBP1mRNA. By employing a pull-down approach followed by mass spectrometry, a 3′-splice site-associated protein network is identified, including KHDRBS1, which we show directly interacts with nimtRNATyrby an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.

Conclusions

We propose that nimtRNAs, along with associated protein factors, can act as a novel class of intronic splicing regulatory elements in the human genome by participating in the regulation of splicing.
Simultaneous epigenetic perturbation and genome imaging reveal distinct roles of H3K9me3 in chromatin architecture and transcription
Authors: Feng Ying , Wang Yao , Wang Xiangnan , He Xiaohui , Yang Chen , Naseri Ardalan , Pederson Thoru , Zheng Jing , Zhang Shaojie , Xiao Xiao , Xie Wei , Ma Hanhui
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Despite the long-observed correlation between H3K9me3, chromatin architecture, and transcriptional repression, how H3K9me3 regulates genome higher-order organization and transcriptional activity in living cells remains unclear.

Result

Here, we develop EpiGo (Epigenetic perturbation induced Genome organization)-KRAB to introduce H3K9me3 at hundreds of loci spanning megabases on human chromosome 19 and simultaneously track genome organization. EpiGo-KRAB is sufficient to induce genomic clustering and de novo heterochromatin-like domain formation, which requires SETDB1, a methyltransferase of H3K9me3. Unexpectedly, EpiGo-KRAB-induced heterochromatin-like domain does not result in widespread gene repression except a small set of genes with concurrent loss of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Ectopic H3K9me3 appears to spread in inactive regions but is largely restricted from transcriptional initiation sites in active regions. Finally, Hi-C analysis showed that EpiGo-KRAB reshapes existing compartments mainly at compartment boundaries.

Conclusions

These results reveal the role of H3K9me3 in genome organization could be partially separated from its function in gene repression.
Correction to: IMPROVEjob – Participatory intervention to improve job satisfaction of general practice teams: a model for structural and behavioural prevention in small and medium-sized enterprises – a study protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors:   on behalf of the IMPROVEjob consortium, Weltermann Birgitta M. , Kersting Christine , Pieper Claudia , Seifried-Dübon Tanja , Dreher Annegret , Linden Karen , Rind Esther , Ose Claudia , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Junne Florian , Werners Brigitte , Schroeder Verena , Bois Jean-Marie , Siegel Achim , Thielmann Anika , Rieger Monika A. , Kasten Stefanie
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Use of low-molecular-weight heparin in severe paraquat poisoning: a case report
Authors: Montoya-Giraldo Maria A. , Díaz Luisa F. , Gómez Ubier E. , Quintero Juliana , Zuluaga Andres F.
Published: December 2020

Background

Acute paraquat ingestion remains a leading cause of mortality in developing countries. There is currently no evidence that treatment with high-dose immunosuppressants and antioxidants improves survival in patients with paraquat poisoning, and better options are urgently needed. Here, we describe the unexpected survival and recovery of a patient with a potentially fatal paraquat poisoning.

Case presentation

After ingesting 28 mL of paraquat (20% ion w/v), confirmed by a deep blue color in the urine dithionite test (UDT), a 17-year-old Hispanic Colombian boy was treated according to the hospital protocol with cyclophosphamide, methylprednisolone, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E and propranolol. Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed extensive ulceration and necrosis. As a novelty, enoxaparin at a single dose of 60 mg was added to his treatment. Despite the evidence of severe mucosal burns in the gastrointestinal tract and high paraquat concentrations found in the UDT, the clinical condition began to improve after 1 day of treatment, with full recovery and discharge from hospital after 21 days.

Conclusions

Although the amount of paraquat ingested by the patient was large and the UDT indicated severe poisoning with a somber prognosis, unexpected survival of the patient was observed, and the addition of enoxaparin was the only change from the standard treatment.
Unexpected tumor response to palliative pelvic radiotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient advanced prostate cancer: a case report
Authors: Aluisio Giovanni , Mazzeo Ercole , Lohr Frank , Fiocchi Federica , Bettelli Stefania , Baldessari Cinzia , Paterlini Maurizio , Bruni Alessio
Published: December 2020

Background

Mismatch-repair-deficiency resulting in microsatellite instability (MSI) may confer increased radiosensitivity in locally advanced/metastatic tumors and thus radiotherapy (RT) potentially might have a changing role in treating this subset of patients, alone or in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.

Case presentation

We report a 76 year-old Italian male patient presenting with locally advanced undifferentiated prostate cancer (LAPC), infiltrating bladder and rectum. Molecular analysis revealed high-MSI with an altered expression of MSH2 and MSH6 at immunohistochemistry. Two months after 6 chemotherapy cycles with Docetaxel associated to an LHRH analogue, a computed tomography scan showed stable disease. After palliative RT (30 Gy/10 fractions) directed to the tumor mass with a 3D-conformal setup, a follow-up computed tomography scan at 8 weeks revealed an impressive response that remained stable at computed tomography after 9 months, with sustained biochemical response. To our knowledge, this is the first case of such a sustained response to low dose RT alone in high-MSI LAPC.

Conclusions

Routine evaluation of MSI in patients with locally problematic advanced tumors might change treatment strategy and treatment aim in this setting, from a purely palliative approach to a quasi-curative paradigm.
Numerical method of highly nonlinear and nonautonomous neutral stochastic differential delay equations with Markovian switching
Authors: Gao Shuaibin , Hu Junhao
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we establish a partially truncated Euler–Maruyama scheme for highly nonlinear and nonautonomous neutral stochastic differential delay equations with Markovian switching. We investigate the strong convergence rate and almost sure exponential stability of the numerical solutions under the generalized Khasminskii-type condition.
Intraoperative measurements of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty contact forces
Authors: Farmer Kevin W. , Higa Masaru , Banks Scott A. , Chang Chih-Chiang , Struk Aimee M. , Wright Thomas W.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Instability and fractures may result from tensioning errors during reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). To help understand tension, we measured intraoperative glenohumeral contact forces (GHCF) during RTSA.

Methods

Twenty-six patients underwent RTSA, and a strain gauge was attached to a baseplate, along with a trial glenosphere. GHCF were measured in passive neutral, flexion, abduction, scaption, and external rotation (ER). Five patients were excluded due to wire issues. The average age was 70 (range, 54–84), the average height was 169.5 cm (range, 154.9–182.9), and the average weight was 82.7 kg (range, 45.4–129.3). There were 11 females and 10 males, and thirteen 42 mm and 8 38 mm glenospheres.

Results

The mean GHCF values were 135 N at neutral, 123 N at ER, 165 N in flexion, 110 N in scaption, and 205 N in abduction. The mean force at terminal abduction is significantly greater than at terminal ER and scaption (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

These findings could help reduce inappropriate tensioning.
Association of depression with sexual function in women with history of recurrent pregnancy Loss: descriptive-correlational study in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Azin Seyed Ali , Golbabaei Fahimeh , Warmelink J. Catja , Eghtedari Sadaf , Haghani Shima , Ranjbar Fahimeh
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between depression and sexual function in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Methods

In a cross-sectional correlational study, 130 consecutive patients with history of recurrent pregnancy loss were included who referred to Avicenna Fertility Center in Tehran, Iran during November 2018–February 2019. The outcomes were sexual dysfunction (Assessed with the Female Sexual Function Index) and depression (Evaluated with the Beck’s Depression Inventory). The study data were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results

The study findings revealed that 40.8% of the participants suffered from some degrees of depression. The data analysis revealed that depression had a significant inverse correlation with sexual function and its domains (r = − 0.392, p < 0.001, R2= 0.15). The spouse’ education level and economic status demonstrated a significant relationship with women’s sexual function (p = 0.01, p = 0.033). A significant relationship was also detected between women’s depression and economic status (p = 0.028).

Conclusions

The study findings showed that women with RPL who had severe depression indicated lower score of sexual function. Since psychological and sexual problems are not reported to health care providers due to giving priority to fertility issues or considering such issues as taboos, the assessment of sexual and mental health needs to be part of the consultation in women with history of RPL, whether the patient seeks help for depression and sexual dysfunction or not.
Biomechanical analysis of skull trauma and opportunity in neuroradiology interpretation to explain the post-concussion syndrome: literature review and case studies presentation
Authors: Distriquin Yannick , Vital Jean-Marc , Ella Bruno
Published: December 2020

Traumatic head injuries are one of the leading causes of emergency worldwide due to their frequency and associated morbidity. The circumstances of their onset are often sports activities or road accidents. Numerous studies analysed post-concussion syndrome from a psychiatric and metabolic point of view after a mild head trauma. The aim was to help understand how the skull can suffer a mechanical deformation during a mild cranial trauma, and if it can explain the occurrence of some post-concussion symptoms. A multi-step electronic search was performed, using the following keywords: biomechanics properties of the skull, three-dimensional computed tomography of head injuries, statistics on skull injuries, and normative studies of the skull base. We analysed studies related to the observation of the skull after mild head trauma. The analysis of 23 studies showed that the cranial sutures could be deformed even during a mild head trauma. The skull base is a major site of bone shuffle. Three-dimensional computed tomography can help to understand some post-concussion symptoms. Four case studies showed stenosis of jugular foramen and petrous bone asymmetries who can correlate with concussion symptomatology. In conclusion, the skull is a heterogeneous structure that can be deformed even during a mild head trauma.
The relationship between coronary artery severity and insulin resistance in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Metwally Yasser Gaber , Sedrak Heba Kamal , Shaltout Inas Fahiem
Published: December 2020

Background

The relation between metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial, and the well-known risk factors can explain only about 25% of the disease as the relation between insulin resistance (IR) on top of MS and severity of CAD still a subject of debate with conflicting data. Also, IR and glucose intolerance are included in the definition of metabolic syndrome only by some associations. So, the aim of this research was to analyze the the relation between CAD severity (measured by the modified Gensini score) and the different components of the metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.

Results

Out of 70 patients enrolled, 71.4% represented impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT group;n= 50) and 28.6% represented normal glucose tolerance group (NGT group;n= 20). The following variables were significantly greater among the IGT group including BMI (30.19 ± 2.27 vs 23.62 ± 2.92;P< 0.001), waist circumference (105.09 ± 8.02 vs 92.89 ± 19.92;P< 0.001), frequency of hypertension (80% vs 50%;P= 0.012), 2 h post prandial glucose (164 ± 30 vs 110 ± 20;P< 0. 04), fasting insulin (9.2 ± 1.2 vs 5.1 ± 4.3;P= 0.003), HOMA-IR (3.03 ± 0.12% vs 1.9 ± 0.12,P< 0.001), serum uric acid (4.8 ± 1.3 vs 5.8 ± 2.6;P= 0.03), mean modified Gensini score (22.3 ± 9.2 vs 15.4 ± 6.8;P< 0.001), while the mean serum HDL was significantly higher among the NGT group (40.8 ± 10.1 vs 50.6 ± 10.2;P< 0.001). There was a positive correlation between HOMA–IR; hs-CRP; MS-related variables (including waist circumflex; BMI; serum uric acid; HDL; TG);and the modified Gensini score (for HOMA,r= 0.63;P< 0.001). Several predictors for high scores of modified Gensini were noted in multiple regression analysis; however, out of those several predictors, HOMA-IR was the strongest one (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = (2.04-7.08).

Conclusion

IR is an independent risk factor for CAD severity in patients with IGT and MS. In patients with IR; those with aggressive CAD (or with a positive family history of premature CAD), IGT should be managed aggressively even before any evidence of frank diabetes. IR workup should be recommended among the other standard workup for those patients, if documented, interventions targeted against IR should be considered among the other standard management.
Increasing Referrals of Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer to a Cancer Rehabilitation Program: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Nadler Michelle B. , Rose April A.N. , Prince Rebecca , Eng Lawson , Lott Anthony , Grant Robert C. , Jones Jennifer M. , Enright Katherine
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

People with cancer are at risk for initial, late, and long-term effects of cancer and its treatments. Cancer rehabilitation (CR) focuses on prevention/treatment of these sequelae and optimization of physical, social, and vocational functioning. Our center has a multidisciplinary impairment-driven outpatient CR program, but referrals of patients with GI cancer were low.

AIMS:

We aimed (for 2019, relative to 2018) (1) to increase CR referrals of patients with GI cancer by 50% and (2) to increase the proportion of referrals coming from oncologists. Balancing measures included inappropriate referrals and cancellations.

METHODS:

A rapid cycle improvement approach was used to optimize GI referrals to the CR program. Barriers to CR referral were identified through a literature review and informal interviews of GI clinicians. Barriers included (a) knowledge of CR program existence, (b) awareness of the referral process, (c) time, and (d) lack of CR program exposure. The team used Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles every 2 months from January to December 2019 to address barriers. A p-chart was used to analyze the results.

RESULTS:

PDSA cycles included CR program advertisement, a presentation to GI staff, nurse-led patient identification, patient-facing posters, and clinician thank-you emails. The p-chart showed a 100% relative increase in referral numbers and an improvement in the percentage of patients referred by oncologists from 51% to 75%. There was no significant change in inappropriate referrals or cancellations.

CONCLUSION:

Through PDSA cycles, we improved the total number of patients with GI cancer and percentage referred by an oncologist to a CR program. Future work will assess sustainability.
High proliferation of Pseudo-nitzschia cf. arenysensis in the Adriatic Sea: ecological and morphological characterisation
Authors: ARAPOV JASNA , BUŽANČIĆ MIA , PENNA ANTONELLA , CASABIANCA SILVIA , CAPELLACCI SAMUELA , ANDREONI FRANCESCA , SKEJIĆ SANDA , BAKRAČ ANA , STRAKA MAJA , JELENA MANDIĆ JELENA , NINČEVIĆ GLADANA ŽIVANA
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present study isto characterise the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia community during a bloom period together with environmental conditions. High proliferation of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was observed in September 2017 at the shellfish breeding area in the Krka River estuary (Central eastern Adriatic Sea). The peak of abundance (1.8 x 106 cells L-1) was recorded at 7 m depth, and the increased abundance persisted for four weeks.Morphological analyses of field samples based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that Pseudo-nitzschia cf. arenysensis was prevailing (94%) in the Pseudo-nitzschia assemblage. Several strains were successfully isolated from net samples in order to better define morphological features and phylogenetic characterisation. The isolated Pseudo-nitzschia strains corresponded morphologically to the P. cf. arenysensis from the field samples, based on our SEM observations. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the Croatian strains grouped with P. arenysensis using the ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. Spearman rank correlation showed that salinity was an important environmental factor affecting the vertical distribution of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in this highly variable area. Availability of increased concentration of orthophosphates and ammonium and low Si: TIN ratio may have promoted the bloom of P. cf. arenysensis in the estuary.
An updated checklist of chondrichthyans of Calabria (Central Mediterranean, southern Italy), with emphasis on rare species
Authors: LEONETTI FRANCESCO L. , GIGLIO GIANNI , LEONE AGOSTINO , COPPOLA FABRIZIO , ROMANO CHIARA , BOTTARO MASSIMILIANO , REINERO FRANCESCA R. , MICARELLI CONCETTA , TRIPEPI SANDRO , SPERONE EMILIO
Published: December 2020

In this contribution the checklist of chondrichthyans of Calabria (Central Mediterranean, southern Italy) is reported. Data presented is derived from twenty years of opportunistic and active surveys from 2000 to 2020. A total of 55 species of chondrichthyans is present in Calabrian seas: 33 sharks, 20 rays, and 2 chimaeras. These species represent approximately 62% of the total reported for the Mediterranean. Approximately 71% of Calabrian species have been reported in the Tyrrhenian Sea, 49% in the Ionian Sea, and 33% in the Strait of Messina. According to IUCN criteria, new records of Endangered and Critically Endangered species (i.e., Carcahrodon carcharias [Linnaeus, 1758], Lamna nasus [Bonnaterre, 1788], Cetorhinus maximus [Gunnerus, 1765], Mobula mobular [Bonnaterre, 1788], Sphyrna zygaena [Linnaeus, 1758]) are reported, together with the first record of Raya brachyura Lafont, 1873 for the Ionian coasts and probably third confirmed record of the rare chimaera Hydrolagus mirabilis (Collett, 1904) for the Mediterranean.
The dual impact of Ostreopsis cf. ovata on Mytilus galloprovincialis and Paracentrotus lividus: Toxin accumulation and pathological aspects
Authors: SARDO ANGELA , ROSSI RACHELE , SOPRANO VITTORIO , CIMINIELLO PATRIZIA , FATTORUSSO ERNESTO , CIRINO PAOLA , ZINGONE ADRIANA
Published: December 2020

Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis have become common along rocky shores of the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to health problems for beach-goers, Ostreopsis toxins may accumulate in benthic marine animals used for human consumption, which however at times have shown signals of stress and even mortality. In order to elucidate the actual relationships between Ostreopsis and benthic invertebrates, we exposed mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus from the Gulf of Naples to cultures and natural material of O. cf. ovata and assessed feeding and adverse effects on the animals, along with their acquired toxicity. Mussels exposed to O. cf. ovata for 24 hours filtered the microalgae at different rates, depending on both mussel size and microalgal density, and became weakly toxic in some cases. Under longer exposure most animals died and all survivors were toxic. Detoxification of a naturally toxic mussel populations from an area affected by O. cf. ovata blooms took more than two weeks. Sea urchins fed with the red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis epiphytised by O. cf. ovata did not show damages and became mildly toxic in some cases. However, the direct exposure of sea urchins to O. cf. ovata cultures caused the partial or total loss of the spines in a density-dependent way, with the death of the animals at the highest microalgal concentrations. Milder effects were registered with sonicated cultures or toxin extracts. Our results indicate that the balance between toxicity and animal health in these invertebrates depends on the mode and intensity of exposure to the toxic microalga, while the response varies between the two species but also within the same species. This scenario matches the variety of responses of benthic populations recorded in the natural environment in areas affected by O. cf. ovata blooms.
Phenology of Anemonia viridis and Exaiptasia diaphana (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from marine temperate ecosystems
Authors: Di CAMILLO GIOIA CRISTINA , AROSSA SILVIA , PICA DANIELA , AZZURRA BASTARI , TORSANI FABRIZIO , CERRANO CARLO
Published: December 2020

Population dynamics in lower metazoans are strongly regulated by environmental factors. The running climate crisis could affect regularity of life strategies; therefore, studying life cycles and reproductive patterns of benthic species may provide key information on effects of environmental changes in temperate seas. The North Adriatic Sea is a peculiar basin due to high food availability and high fluctuations of physical parameters. Here, cnidarians are one of the most abundant taxa and sea anemones are the largest representatives. Aim of this study is to assess the life history and the reproductive biology of two potential species models: the sea anemones: Anemonia viridis and Exaiptasia diaphana. The present research is the first quantitative study on the variations in abundance and reproductive biology of the two species. We reported new insights about abundance fluctuations throughout the year and about the gametogenesis of the two sea anemones. In particular, data on spermatogenesis of A. viridis from the Mediterranean Sea were supplied for the first time.
Is the trend in new introductions of marine non-indigenous species a reliable criterion for assessing good environmental status? Τhe case study of Greece
Authors: ZENETOS ARGYRO , KARACHLE PARASKEVI K. , CORSINI-FOKA MARIA , GEROVASILEIOU VASILIS , SIMBOURA NOMIKI , XENTIDIS NIKOLAS JASON , TSIAMIS KONSTANTINOS
Published: December 2020

This study presents the updated status of marine non-indigenous species (NIS) distribution in Greece and investigates trends in new NIS introductions, at both national and subnational level, during 1970-2017. The overall picture shows an increase in new introductions from the 1970s to 2017. The number of unaided introduced species (mainly Lessepsian immigrants) followed an upward trend in the South Aegean Sea until 2017. Similarly, the number of NIS associated with transport-stowaway (NIS introduced mainly via ballast and boat hulls) followed an upward until 2017 in the South Aegean Sea, but also in the Hellenic Levantine coasts. However, these results are greatly affected by a monitoring bias, which appears to be the main factor influencing the number of new NIS introductions reported from Greece and its subnational areas. This monitoring bias, as well as the continuous influx of Lessepsian NIS into the Aegean Sea, constitutes a challenge for Greece as regards setting exact boundaries for areas with or without Good Environmental Status (GES), based on Descriptor 2, primary criterion C1 (D2C1), of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Dedicated monitoring of marine NIS should be established and be constant in space, time and across taxonomic groups. Prioritization should be given to hot-spot areas of new NIS introductions, such as ports, aquaculture units and marine protected areas. This should be a prerequisite for applying the primary criterion D2C1 of the MSFD properly, at both national and subnational level. Finally, as regards the implementation of D2C1 of the MSDF and setting exact threshold values, we highlight the need for subregional and regional coordination in the Mediterranean.
Estimating the time-varying reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 using national and subnational case counts
Authors: Abbott Sam , Hellewell Joel , Thompson Robin N. , Sherratt Katharine , Gibbs Hamish P. , Bosse Nikos I. , Munday James D. , Meakin Sophie , Doughty Emma L. , Chun June Young , Chan Yung-Wai Desmond , Finger Flavio , Campbell Paul , Endo Akira , Pearson Carl A. B. , Gimma Amy , Russell Tim ,   CMMID COVID modelling group, Flasche Stefan , Kucharski Adam J. , Eggo Rosalind M. , Funk Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Background:Assessing temporal variations in transmission in different countries is essential for monitoring the epidemic, evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions and estimating the impact of changes in policy.

Methods:We use case and death notification data to generate daily estimates of the time-varying reproduction number globally, regionally, nationally, and subnationally over a 12-week rolling window. Our modelling framework, based on open source tooling, accounts for uncertainty in reporting delays, so that the reproduction number is estimated based on underlying latent infections.

Results:Estimates of the reproduction number, trajectories of infections, and forecasts are displayed on a dedicated website as both maps and time series, and made available to download in tabular form.

Conclusions: This decision-support tool can be used to assess changes in virus transmission both globally, regionally, nationally, and subnationally. This allows public health officials and policymakers to track the progress of the outbreak in near real-time using an epidemiologically valid measure. As well as providing regular updates on our website, we also provide an open source tool-set so that our approach can be used directly by researchers and policymakers on confidential data-sets. We hope that our tool will be used to support decisions in countries worldwide throughout the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
CRISPR-based strategies for targeted transgene knock-in and gene correction
Authors: Lau Cia-Hin , Tin Chung , Suh Yousin
Published: December 2020

The last few years have seen tremendous advances in CRISPR-mediated genome editing. Great efforts have been made to improve the efficiency, specificity, editing window, and targeting scope of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated transgene knock-in and gene correction. In this article, we comprehensively review recent progress in CRISPR-based strategies for targeted transgene knock-in and gene correction in both homology-dependent and homology-independent approaches. We cover homology-directed repair (HDR), synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA), microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), and homology-mediated end joining (HMEJ) pathways for a homology-dependent strategy and alternative DNA repair pathways such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), base excision repair (BER), and mismatch repair (MMR) for a homology-independent strategy. We also discuss base editing and prime editing that enable direct conversion of nucleotides in genomic DNA without damaging the DNA or requiring donor DNA. Notably, we illustrate the key mechanisms and design principles for each strategy, providing design guidelines for multiplex, flexible, scarless gene insertion and replacement at high efficiency and specificity. In addition, we highlight next-generation base editors that provide higher editing efficiency, fewer undesired by-products, and broader targeting scope.
Technical Microbiology of animal products
Authors: Sidorenko Oleg , Zhukova Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

The textbook examines the role of microorganisms in shaping the quality of animal products, describes the microorganisms that affect the quality of food and processes caused by technically and technologically important microflora. The basic principles of microbiological control of milk and meat processing products production are described. The second edition focuses on the quality and safety of food products of animal origin. The material has been reworked and supplemented with the results of recent research, which can be used in the training program for microbiologists in food technology. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in biological specialties, agricultural technologists in the profile "Technology of production, storage and processing of animal products" and in the areas of training 35.03.07 "Technology of production and processing of agricultural products", 19.03.03, 19.04.03 "food of animal origin".
Good Deeds Done in Silence: Stakeholder Management and Quiet Giving by Chinese Firms
Authors: Wang Heli , Jia Ming , Zhang Zhe
Published: December 2020

We propose a new mechanism explaining why companies may remain silent about their positive corporate behaviors, such as socially responsible activities. We examine such strategic silence in the context of corporate philanthropy. Building on and extending the literature on legitimacy and stakeholder management, we argue that when a firm mistreats primary stakeholders, it is more likely to keep quiet about its philanthropic acts to avoid backlash from stakeholders. We also propose that long-term orientation among stakeholders mitigates the positive relationship between mistreating primary stakeholders and quiet giving, which allows stakeholders to appreciate the long-term value of corporate philanthropy. Data from listed Chinese firms show that firms are more likely to give quietly when they underpay their employees and/or investors. Moreover, research and development expenditures and institutional shareholding, as indicators of stakeholder long-term orientation, attenuate this relationship.
Integrating Price-Incentive and Trip-Selection Policies to Rebalance Shared Electric Vehicles
Authors: Jiao Zihao , Ran Lun , Liu Xin , Zhang Yuli , Qiu Robin G.
Published: December 2020

Because electric vehicle sharing (EVS) offers the advantages of high flexibility and convenience, it has been receiving increasing attention worldwide as an effective approach to easing traffic congestion and environmental pollution. However, unbalanced electric vehicle distribution is an obstacle in the development of EVS. In this paper, we propose an integrated strategy to mitigate the imbalance issue and enhance customers’ adoption of EVS. We construct an integrated strategy that combines the price-incentive approach with the trip-selection policy and models uncertain travel demand in a continuous trip-adopting process based on our integrated strategy. Aiming to improve EVS operating profits, we apply spatiotemporal nonlinear mixed-integer programming to formulate the travel pricing and rebalancing plan. Additionally, we approximate the model in a tractable form after analyzing the optimal service adoption and develop an efficient exact algorithm to handle the nonlinear items. The computational results of a real-world car2go Amsterdam case study demonstrate several economic and environmental benefits generated by our integrated policy, including (i) higher profits for EVS operators, (ii) improved service satisfaction for consumers, and (iii) a higher level of carbon emissions reduction, from 381 grams per mile to 225 grams per mile, beneficial for the social environment. Moreover, according to the case study, an appropriate initial fleet size, high rebalancing frequency, low labor cost, high potential travel demands, and short charging time also benefit EVS operation.
THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICS LEARNING WITH STARTER EXPERIMENT APPROACH (SEA) TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Faradiba Faradiba , Sakatsila Dedi Juliasman , Sianturi Manogari
Published: December 2020

According to regulation No. 20/2000, education is a conscious and planned effort to create an atmosphere of learning and learning process so that students actively develop their potential, to have spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character and the skills needed by themselves, society, nation, and country. To realize this we need learning methods and models that are able to increase student enthusiasm and be able to improve student learning outcomes. Of the several learning approaches, the initial experiment approach (starter experiment approach), is one alternative in learning physics. This research was conducted in class XI Natural Sciences at SMA Negeri 98 Jakarta, East Jakarta, with a research schedule from January to September 2018. The results showed that the average posttest score of the experimental class students after receiving the SEA learning model treatment was 87.38, while the class control with conventional learning models 80.36.
DEAR (DIGITAL EXPLORATION CAREER): HYPERMEDIA-BASED INNOVATION MEDIA FOR GUINDANCE AND COUNSELING TO EXPLORE STUDENT CAREER IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
Authors: Aji Bayu Selo , Kurniasih Cucu , Rosiani Berlin Fanta , Bhakti Caraka Putra
Published: December 2020

This scientific work aims to provide creative innovations in guidance and counseling services using the BK media to explore student careers. Entering the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, students today must have the ability and skills to predict a rapidly changing future, especially concerning career problems. Guidance and Counseling Teachers here play an essential role in developing students' potential, and one way is to optimize the role of Guidance and Counseling in schools by optimizing services about career exploration. For support services on career exploration,  BK (Guidance and Counseling) media needed to improve students' understanding of the services provided. One of them uses DEAR (Digital Exploration Career) based media as an alternative and innovation that can use to explore students' careers. DEAR (Digital Exploration Career) is a hypermedia-based BK media. Each use of this media in service delivery also pays attention to students' needs, materials, entertainment, and evaluations so that the media is effective in service delivery even though sometimes without face to face. So that this media provides a new atmosphere and innovation in the provision of BK services so that they can run dynamically by the times. Then DEAR (Digital Exploration Career) Hypermedia-Based Bk Media Innovation is one solution that can use to explore students' careers in the industrial revolution era 4.0
STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING RELIGIOUS CULTURE TO SHAPE, THE CHARACTER OF STUDENTS
Authors: Wening Muslimah Hikmah , Hasanah Enung
Published: December 2020

Religious culture is applied in schools so that the good habits of students, so that the strategy of developing religious culture is essential to be applied to schools so that students have a noble character in Islamic education. The purpose of this study is to describe the strategy of developing a religious culture to shape students' character. This research is qualitative. Data collection obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. This study's subject was determined based on a purposive sampling technique with information from the homeroom teacher. Checking the validity of the data starts with using a check and continues with the triangulation technique. The results showed that the strategy of developing a culture of religious and improving the character of students at SD Muhammadiyah Tonggalan, 1) creating a religious atmosphere in schools including allocating half an hour to learn to read the Qur'an before the lesson begins, do the Dhuha, Dhuhr, Asr prayer,  Ramadan fasting, qurban worship, hajj rituals, social services, Sunday morning teachings,  also (2) habituation of Islamic values. The research findings expected to illustrate that the strategy of developing religious culture can shape students' character.
CONCEITOS CIENTÍFICOS EM SALA DE AULA: MULTIPLICIDADE DE SINAIS EM LIBRAS E POSSÍVEIS DIFICULDADES NA APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Cruz Frederico Alan de Oliveira , Nogueira Ana Carla Ziner , Cruz Sergio Manuel Serra da
Published: December 2020

A busca por uma educação de qualidade e inclusiva é pauta emergente nas discussões sobre a necessidade de criar uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária, assim as escolas devem ser um ambiente que possa contribuir na formação de alunos com e sem necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE). A questão é que o atualmente os modelos de ensino não são capazes de atender a heterogeneidade da sala de aula, como no caso dos estudantes surdos que tem seu desenvolvimento afetado pela falta de padronização de termos ou conceitos científicos apresentados ao longo das aulas. Isso ocorre pela falta do uso de elementos visuais ou mesmo da existência de sinais adequados as grandezas e termos científicos das diversas disciplinas e que produz impacto direto aprendizagem do que está sendo estudado. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma discussão de como este cenário pode intensificar a exclusão desses alunos e quais os possíveis caminhos são necessários para melhorar a formação de indivíduos nessa condição.
HOJE A AULA É NO LABORATÓRIO E AS ATIVIDADES SÃO NA PRAÇA: PROJETOS DA UNIVERSIDADE PARA A APRENDIZAGEM DE BOTÂNICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Araújo Roberta Negrão de , Polleto Rodrigo De Souza , Lucas Lucken Bueno , Alves Dayanne Da Silva
Published: December 2020

Dentre estas disciplinas da Base Nacional Comum, encontra-se Ciências da Natureza. O ensino desta tem por objetivo possibilitar a compreensão do mundo natural nas relações sociais de produção, com vistas a garantir ao educando a análise concreta da realidade por meio da apropriação do conhecimento científico. Nessa perspectiva é importante pontuar que a ciência se caracteriza por ser uma atividade metódica regulada por ações passíveis de serem reproduzidas. A proposta das Diretrizes Curriculares Estaduais (DCE) do Paraná toma como princípio a observação e a compreensão do mundo em que se vive. As experimentações realizadas em sala de aula ou laboratório têm uma função claramente definida: levar o aluno a compreender a complexidade das relações entre a teoria e o experimento. Diante desse contexto, o presente artigo relata a percepção de estudantes do 8º ano do ensino fundamental após o desenvolvimento de ações extensionistas de uma universidade que objetivaram o ensino de Botânica em espaço não escolar.
A ELEGIA EM ROMA: SEXTO PROPÉRCIO
Authors: Montagner Airto Ceolin
Published: December 2020

A literatura latina conhece seu apogeu na época de Augusto. Entre os diversos gêneros cultivados, a elegia, que teve sua origem entre os gregos, ganhou relevância com as obras de quatro poetas, a saber, Cornélio Galo, Tibulo, Propércio e Ovídio. A produção desses poetas permite observar o conjunto da tópica elegíaca latina, principalmente no que ela tem de mais peculiar: o erotismo como experiência pessoal e biográfica do poeta. O amor é visto como paixão, razão de vida e fonte de inspiração. Amor é também doença, páthos, que toma conta do amante em todos os aspectos mais pungentes das suas contradições, ante uma senhora volúvel e incapaz de ser fiel, muito menos uma domina, no conceito da respeitabilidade romana.  Sexto Propércio é o poeta elegíaco aqui considerado e através dele é possível analisar criticamente o alcance da poesia elegíaca latina.
ORAÇÃO CORRELATA COMPARATIVA: DO LATIM AO PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Ribeiro Márcio Luiz Moitinha , Consatancio Felipe De Andrade
Published: December 2020

A tradição gramatical latina – milenar, portanto – tem-nos oferecido a oportunidade de entender melhor a constituição estrutural e funcional das línguas vernaculares, entre elas o português. Este trabalho revisita um tópico que ainda oferece muitas discussões, na ordem do dia, em termos de articulação de orações, a saber: o estatuto das orações correlatas em evidência nos mais diversos manuais que lidam com a sintaxe do período composto. Esse estatuto é revisitado aqui de modo a direcionar esforços para o entendimento de como um tipo específico de correlatas – as comparativas – formaram-se até chegar ao que conhecemos, atualmente. Nesse breve percurso analítico, é sensato dizer que os adjetivos, em perspectiva diacrônica, tornaram-se as âncoras estruturais para que a comparação alcançasse a dimensão oracional, uma vez que a noção do grau semântico da classe dos adjetivos parece ter habilitado a formação das orações correlatas comparativas, em termos evolutivos.
“A Foras, Out”: Youth antimilitarism engagement in Sardinia
Authors: Esu Aide
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a short review of the A Foras, Out movement in Sardinia and examines its youth branch, the student collective (Collettivo studentesco) for university and high school students. Since the late 1960s, grassroots movements, associations, committees, political groups, antimilitarists and ecologists have struggled against land occupation by NATO and other military forces and called for the drastic reduction or elimination of military activities on the island that was later related to the emergence of environmental risk and diseases. By participating in networked collective actions, these young activists reclaim the land occupied by the military and elaborate a legitimisation-based political rhetoric that undermines the legality of the presence of military bases in Sardinia. The young activists emerge as social actors in engaging debates within the movement about of civil disobedience practices that sometimes cross the boundary of illegal practices (e.g. cutting fences around military areas to stop training). Their engagement pushes the actions of the senior non-violent antimilitarist activists into a new, not yet defined practice of antimilitarism incorporating diverse political platforms: from independence movements to traditional workerism, anarchists to radical left-wing movements. We analyse the youth group's agency in transforming antimilitarism from general pacifism into a mixed antimilitarist-eco, neo-independence movement calling for new regional sovereignty.