bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Functional Activity of the Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptor Mediates Adolescent Behavior
Authors: Schneider Miriam , Kasanetz Fernando , Lynch Diane L. , Friemel Chris M. , Lassalle Olivier , Hurst Dow P. , Steindel Frauke , Monory Krisztina , Schäfer Carola , Miederer Isabelle , Leweke F. Markus , Schreckenberger Mathias , Lutz Beat , Reggio Patricia H. , Manzoni Olivier J. , Spanagel Rainer
Published: October 2015

Adolescence is characterized by drastic behavioral adaptations and comprises a particularly vulnerable period for the emergence of various psychiatric disorders. Growing evidence reveals that the pathophysiology of these disorders might derive from aberrations of normal neurodevelopmental changes in the adolescent brain. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of adolescent behavior is therefore critical for understanding the origin of psychopathology, but the molecular mechanisms that trigger adolescent behavior are unknown. Here, we hypothesize that the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) may play a critical role in mediating adolescent behavior because enhanced endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling has been suggested to occur transiently during adolescence. To study enhanced CB1R signaling, we introduced a missense mutation (F238L) into the ratCnr1gene that encodes for the CB1R. According to our hypothesis, rats with the F238L mutation (Cnr1F238L) should sustain features of adolescent behavior into adulthood. Gain of function of the mutated receptor was demonstrated byin silicomodeling and was verified functionally in a series of biochemical and electrophysiological experiments. Mutant rats exhibit an adolescent-like phenotype during adulthood compared with wild-type littermates, with typical high risk/novelty seeking, increased peer interaction, enhanced impulsivity, and augmented reward sensitivity for drug and nondrug reward. Partial inhibition of CB1R activity inCnr1F238Lmutant rats normalized behavior and led to a wild-type phenotype. We conclude that the activity state and functionality of the CB1R is critical for mediating adolescent behavior. These findings implicate the eCB system as an important research target for the neuropathology of adolescent-onset mental health disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe present the first rodent model with a gain-of-function mutation in the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R). Adult mutant rats exhibit an adolescent-like phenotype with typical high risk seeking, impulsivity, and augmented drug and nondrug reward sensitivity. Adolescence is a critical period for suboptimal behavioral choices and the emergence of neuropsychiatric disorders. Understanding the basis of these disorders therefore requires a comprehensive knowledge of how adolescent neurodevelopment triggers behavioral reactions. Our behavioral observations in adult mutant rats, together with reports on enhanced adolescent CB1R signaling, suggest a pivotal role for the CB1R in an adolescent brain as an important molecular mediator of adolescent behavior. These findings implicate the endocannabinoid system as a notable research target for adolescent-onset mental health disorders.
New Perspectives for the Rescue of Cognitive Disability in Down Syndrome
Authors: Bartesaghi Renata , Haydar Tarik F. , Delabar Jean Maurice , Dierssen Mara , Martínez-Cué Carmen , Bianchi Diana W.
Published: October 2015

Down syndrome (DS) is a relatively common genetic condition caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21. No therapies currently exist for the rescue of neurocognitive impairment in DS. This review presents exciting findings showing that it is possible to restore brain development and cognitive performance in mouse models of DS with therapies that can also apply to humans. This knowledge provides a potential breakthrough for the prevention of intellectual disability in DS.
Studying Behavioral Ecology on High School & College Campuses
Authors: Abu Baker Mohammad A. , Emerson Sara E. , Brown Joel S.
Published: October 2015

We present a practical field exercise for ecology and animal behavior classes that can be carried out on campus, using urban wildlife. Students document an animal's feeding behavior to study its interactions with the surrounding environment. In this approach, an animal's feeding behavior is quantified at experimental food patches placed within its habitat. Following a lecture on foraging ecology and an outdoor discussion about the animals on campus, students formulate questions and hypotheses. Simple statistical analyses are used to construct results and draw conclusions.
Using Storyboarding to Model Gene Expression
Authors: Korb Michele , Colton Shannon , Vogt Gina
Published: October 2015

Students often find it challenging to create images of complex, abstract biological processes. Using modified storyboards, which contain predrawn images, students can visualize the process and anchor ideas from activities, labs, and lectures. Storyboards are useful in assessing students’ understanding of content in larger contexts. They enable students to use models to construct explanations, with evidence to support hypotheses – practices emphasized in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Storyboards provide an opportunity for performance assessment of students’ content knowledge against a backdrop of observing patterns, determining scale, and establishing relationships between structure and function – crosscutting concepts within the NGSS framework.
Using Mystery Tubes to Teach the Nature of Nonscience
Authors: Vigna Janet
Published: October 2015

I modified the classic Mystery Tube activity to teach not only the nature of science but also the nature of what is not science. In order for evidence and logic to be effective tools for teaching evolution, instructors may first benefit from giving students a tangible reason to set aside any prior nonscientific ideas they bring to the classroom. This activity helps instructors intentionally delineate scientific from nonscientific hypotheses, providing a clear and logical reason for teaching evolutionary theory, but not metaphysical ideas, in the science classroom.
Mendel and the Nature of Science
Authors: Williams Cody Tyler , Rudge David Wÿss
Published: October 2015

Students often have difficulty understanding inheritance patterns and issues associated with the nature of science as a process. To help address these issues, we developed a unit plan based on Gregor Mendel’s well-known research on inheritance patterns among pea plants. The unit introduces students to Mendel’s background and the questions he sought to address. Students then conduct their own investigation, using Virtual Genetics Lab II (VGLII) software to attempt to confirm Mendel’s results. In the course of completing their investigations, students learn about alternative inheritance patterns to Mendelian genetics. The unit was created in the context of a college introductory biology course but could be implemented in a high school course.
Hypothesis Generation in Biology
Authors: Strode Paul K.
Published: October 2015

Helping students understand and generate appropriate hypotheses and test their subsequent predictions – in science in general and biology in particular – should be at the core of teaching the nature of science. However, there is much confusion among students and teachers about the difference between hypotheses and predictions. Here, I present evidence of the problem and describe steps that scientists actually follow when employing scientific reasoning strategies. This is followed by a proposed solution for helping students effectively explore this important aspect of the nature of science.
Teaching the Meaning of “Theory” in Science
Authors: Westmoreland David
Published: October 2015

There is increasing emphasis on teaching science as a way of knowing about the natural world. Central to this effort is fostering an understanding of the differences between facts, laws, and theories. Among these, the concept of a scientific theory is typically the most challenging to teach. Many students have a preconceived, colloquial notion of theories as purely speculative explanations that can be legitimately assessed by cursory examination. The exercise presented here engages students in the process of theory development and testing, thus clarifying the central role that theories play in science.
Narrative Performance Research
Authors: Scott Julie-Ann
Published: October 2015

Through this autoethnographic essay I explore how a critical qualitative researcher's disclosure of her personal reactions to participants’ narratives can offer an opportunity to resist cultural marginalization. This opportunity requires a level of vulnerability and disclosure that can feel risky but is often necessary in the pursuit of identification and transformative understanding. Mapping my experience as it became tangible to me of my almost-(but not really)-passing physically disabled feminine body through conducting open-ended narrative research with similarly embodied participants creates a means of revealing and resisting compulsory able-bodiedness (its comforts and trappings) in daily performance.
(Re)imagining “Normal” Movement
Authors: Smith Claire
Published: October 2015

This autoethnographic story is constructed around the skeleton of a play performed at the 2014 Doing Autoethnography conference. I delve into, and write through, the difficult experience of coming to terms with the chronic illness Dystonia. When readers absorb my explanation of how I have chosen to live my life, it becomes apparent that my attitude towards the illness is a departure from the expected “acceptance of disability.” I consider Dystonia to be a disruption to my life. I “acknowledge” Dystonia because it is something that will forever be present; I will never “accept it.” I critically examine the notion of “normal,” and outline how my “normal” has changed. Throughout the article run reflections on my evolving “movement.”
Symplocos striata (Symplocaceae), una especie nueva de la vertiente caribe de Costa Rica
Authors: Kriebel Ricardo , Zamora Nelson
Published: October 2015

Symplocos striata, una nueva especie endémica en la vertiente caribe de Costa Rica, se describe, ilustra y compara con la especie más cercana. Caracteres diagnósticos del nuevo taxon incluyen ramitas dis- tales denso-hirsutas, margen de la lámina aserrado, envés esparcida a moderadamente hirsuto, eje de la inflorescencia corto o ausente, flores con los lóbulos del cáliz apicalmente subulados y abaxialmente denso- seríceos y frutos grandes, tetraloculares, con el endocarpo conspicuamente estriado. Symplocos striata es afín a S. povedae; diferencias entre ambas especies se enumeran en una clave.
Una novedad en Byttneria (Sterculiaceae)
Authors: Cristóbal Carmen
Published: October 2015

Se describe e ilustra Byttneria osaënsis Cristóbal, de la Península de Osa, en el Pacífico sur de Costa Rica. Debido a su hábito y morfología floral, la nueva especie pertenece a la sección Vahihara J. Ar. En vista de que los especímenes fueron previamente determinados como B. pescapriifolia Britt. (= B. pescapraeifolia), una especie relacionada, se agregan datos comparativos.
Una nueva especie de Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) de las selvas húmedas costarricenses
Authors: Sánchez-Vindas Pablo
Published: October 2015

Se describe una nueva especie de Eugenia (Myrtaceae) de la vertiente caribe de Costa Rica. Se distingue por las hojas con doble nervio marginal y los frutos acostillados y muy reticulados.
Tipos de plantas vasculares en el Herbario de la Universidad de Costa Rica (USJ)
Authors: Morales Carlos , Villalobos Natalie
Published: October 2015

Se presenta una lista anotada de los tipos e ilustraciones de tipos de plantas vasculares del Herbario de la Universidad de Costa Rica (USJ). Son 215 tipos en 47 familias; el mayor número (101, 47%) corresponde a Orchidaceae. Además, USJ posee 105 ilustraciones de tipos. En Orchidaceae se designan dos lectotipos (para Myoxanthus vittatus y Trichocentrum costaricense) y se hace una nueva combinación (Echinosepala vittata, basiónimo: Myoxanthus vittatus).
Stanhopeinae Mesoamericanae (Orchidaceae). III. Reestablecimiento de Stanhopea ruckeri y una especie nueva: Stanhopea confusa
Authors: Gerlach Günter , Beeche Jorge
Published: October 2015

Stanhopea ruckeri se interpreta y se reestablece. Después de examinar el Herbario de Lindley, el nombre S. inodora se transfiere a la sinonimia de S. ruckeri. Se descubrió que Stanhopea gibbosa auct. no es igual que el holotipo de S. gibbosa Rchb.f.; por tanto, se describe una especie nueva, que debido a la con- fusión sobre su identidad se nombra S. confusa.
New reports of Orchidaceae from the Guianas
Authors: Romero González Gustavo , Carnevali Fernández-Concha Germán
Published: October 2015

Se describe una nueva especie de Epidendrum, E. paruimense, y se reportan tres especies adi- cionales de Orchidaceae para la flora de Guyana: Encyclia conchaechila, Epidendrum urichianum y Masdevallia vargasii. Un reporte de Baskervilla venezuelana de las Guayanas fue erróneamente basado en un ejemplar indudablemente referible a Ponthieva ovatilabia.
Memoria de uno de los grandes de la orquideología mundial: Karlheinz Senghas (1928-2004)
Authors: Morales Carlos
Published: October 2015

El 4 de febrero de 2004 murió este científico alemán de renombre mundial, quien dejó profundas huellas, tanto en el ámbito de los botánicos como de los orquideófilos. Conocí la noticia de su muerte en un número de la revista Die Orchidee (Anónimo 2004), que recibí varios meses después de su publicación.
Chemical composition of the leaf oil of Peperomia hernandiifolia (Piperaceae) from Costa Rica
Authors: Cicció José
Published: October 2015

Se estudió la composición del aceite esencial de las hojas de Peperomia hernandiifolia (Piperaceae) de Costa Rica, mediante la técnica de cromatografía de gases capilar y espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Se identificaron ocho compuestos que representan cerca de 99% del aceite obtenido. El aceite está constituido casi exclusivamente por derivados de ácidos grasos. El decanal (85.0%) es el constituyente mayoritario, seguido por el ácido decanoico (12.6%).
First records of two Amazonian species of Zethus (Zethoides) Fox, 1899 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) in Atlantic Forest fragments in São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Lopes Rogério Botion , Noll Fernando Barbosa
Published: October 2015

Zethus Fabricius, 1804 is the largest genus in the subfamily Eumeninae with over 250 species. Its Neotropical representatives are divided into three subgenera: Z. (Zethus) Fabricius, 1804; Z. (Zethusculus) de Saussure, 1855; and Z. (Zethoides) Fox, 1899. Two specimens were collected in the northeastern region of São Paulo state, Brazil belonging to two species of the latter subgenus: Z. (Zethoides) lobulatus de Saussure, 1855 and Z. (Zethoides) rugosiceps Fox, 1899. These species have so far only been collected in the Amazon Forest and these findings not only expand the latitude of the species’ distribution but also their occurrence to the Atlantic Forest as well.
Theologie der heiligen Pilgerstätten – biblische und pastorale Aspekte
Authors: Ostrowski Maciej
Published: October 2015

Der Artikel konzentriert sich auf ausgewählte Aspekte der Theologie der Sanktuarien, der Orte, die Ziel christlicher Pilgerfahrten sind. Der Autor stützt sich auf biblische Texte, besonders betreffend das Gelobte Land und die Heilige Stadt Jerusalem mit seinem Tempel, sowie Dokumente des Päpstlichen Rates für die Seelsorge der Migranten und Menschen unterwegs. Jedes irdische Sanktuarium drückt an erster Stelle die Liebe Gottes an den Menschen aus. Gott schafft mit seiner Initiative einen günstigen Platz für ein näheres Treffen mit dem Menschen. Auf der anderen Seite sucht der Mensch selbst einen solchen Platz. Das Sanktuarium ist ein Ort, in dem der Mensch „in Gott ruht” - kommt mit ihm in eine nahe Gemeinschaft. Gleichzeitig kündigt es die künftige Vereinigung mit Gott in Ewigkeit an – „ewige Ruhe in Gott ” nach den Strapazen der irdischen Pilgerfahrt. Dort wird der Mensch die Fülle der Freude und das Glück erreichen. So wie das Gelobte Land und der Tempel von Jerusalem für die Israeliten das Zentrum der Schaffung der Einheit und der Identität des auserwählten Volkes waren, so sind heute Sanktuarien das Werkzeug der Erschaffung und Befestigung der Gemeinschaft der Kirche, an der sich Ankömmlinge aus allen Himmelsrichtungen drängen. Der Artikel unterstreicht, dass die heutigen Sanktuarien nicht nur Orte intensiven Gebets sind, der Blütezeit der Liturgie, sondern auch Zentren der Darbringung von geistigen Opfern, Buße und Bekehrung der Sünder, sowie geistiger Erneuerung eines jeden Pilgers.
Zur Wallfahrtstheologie – biblische Aspekte
Authors: Ostrowski Maciej
Published: October 2015

Der Autor entfaltet die Theologie des Pilgerns auf der Grundlage der ausgewählten biblischen Texte aus dem Alten und Neuen Testament. Im besonderen bezieht er sich auf den Weg Abrahams, des Auszugs der Israeliten aus Ägypten, sowie der Fragmente der Briefe des hl. Paulus. Biblische Bilder bestimmen die Ankündigung der Kirche, die pilgerndes Gottesvolk genannt wird. Sie sind das Bild des Lebens eines jeden Menschen, der zum Treffen mit Gott in Ewigkeit wandert. Aus den theologischen Analysen leitet der Autor praktische Schlussfolgerungen für die Pilger und die Pilgerseelsorge ab. Er beginnt mit dem Moment, sich auf den Weg zu machen, während dessen nach den Unruhen des Pilgers sich die Entscheidung, was die Zukunft anbetrifft, gestaltet (sich Gott anvertrauen, Intention formulieren, religiöse Motivationen der Wanderung stärken, sich der Gottes Obhut anvertrauen). Im nächsten Punkt wird die Wanderung selbst besprochen, die eine Probezeit und Zeit der geistigen Stärkung des Pilgers ist. Die Pilgerzeit ist nicht nur der Zeitraum des Übergangs des geographischen Raumes aus dem Familienhaus ins Sanktuarium, sondern ist der geistige Weg des Pilgers: Erneuerung des religiösen Lebens, Bekehrung, Stärkung des Glaubens und der Hoffnung, Annäherung an Gott. Sie ist eine Zeit, die nicht nur mit der Uhr (chronos) gerechnet wird, sondern die Zeit der Erfüllung Gottes Pläne (kairos).
Unterwegs zu heiligen Orten – alte und neue Wallfahrtskritik im Christentum als Inspiration für die Pilgerpastoral
Authors: Hastetter Michaela C.
Published: October 2015

Angesichts der Pilgerschaft als religiösem Phänomen in den drei große monotheistischen Religionen geht die Autorin der Pilgerkritik in den Schriften der frühen Kirchenväter nach. Die dort nachweisliche Verschiebung von der äußeren zur inneren Wallfahrt lässt sich heute wieder im Katechismus der Katholischen Kirche feststellen. Von dort aus werden Konsequenzen für die pastorale Begleitung von Pilgern diskutiert hinsichtlich der Wallfahrtsmotivation, dem heiligen Ort, den Überschritt von der äußeren zur inneren Wallfahrt wie auch ökumenischen Aspekten.
Święcenia kapłańskie kobiet z perspektywy prawosławnej
Authors: Kałużny Tadeusz
Published: October 2015

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja aktualnego stanowiska prawosławia w sprawie możliwości święceń kapłańskich kobiet. Z problemem święceń (ordynacji) kobiet Kościoły prawosławne zetknęły się w latach 60. ubiegłego stulecia w ramach Światowej Rady Kościołów. Początkowo teologowie prawosławni postrzegali tę kwestię jako obcą dla ich świadomości eklezjalnej. Z biegiem czasu, pod wpływem kontaktów z Kościołami chrześcijańskimi na Zachodzie, prawosławie uświadomiło sobie wagę problemu i potrzebę pogłębionej refleksji na ten temat. Wyzwanie to podjęli teologowie prawosławni, zwłaszcza z Europy Zachodniej i USA. Praktyka święceń kapłańskich kobiet została negatywnie oceniona w dokumencie końcowym Międzyprawosławnej Konsultacji Teologicznej na Rodos (1988). Podobne stanowisko strona prawosławna wyraziła w dokumentach końcowych międzywyznaniowych dialogów ekumenicznych. Zawarte w tych tekstach prawosławne argumenty przeciw święceniom kobiet koncentrują się wokół tradycji poświadczonej w Piśmie Świętym, antropologii, symbolizmu liturgicznego i jedności chrześcijan. Aktualne stanowisko prawosławia w sprawie możliwości święceń kapłańskich kobiet jest więc negatywne. Można jednocześnie zauważyć pewne zróżnicowanie poglądów teologów prawosławnych w tej kwestii, co może świadczyć o tym, że debaty wokół święceń kapłańskich kobiet w prawosławiu nie można uznać za zakończoną.
Factors Determining a Choice of a Math Competition as a Form of Educating Gifted Children: a Case Studio of Professor Matulionis ‘Young Mathematicians’ Competition
Authors: Dabrišienė Vilija , Visockienė Ona
Published: October 2015

The aim of this article is to reveal factors determining a choice of a Math competition as a form of educating gifted children, on the basis of a case of professor Matulionis ‘young mathematicians’ competition. Research showed that a pupil’s decision to participate in a Math competition is determined by the following groups of factors:

1. Impact of education policy is not very significant, however, due to it, a number of participants of competitions has increased and teachers began using various teaching forms while educating gifted children.

2. A pupil’s decision is more influenced by his / her personal, inner factors than by the external ones. Pupil‘s sex is a very important factor: boys tend to participate in competitions more often and their results are better. Even though they rarely attend extra lessons, they have a desire to win.

3. One of the major factors is a location and a school a pupil came from. A particular school, and in some cases not even a school but a location (Kretinga or Visaginas), influences a number of participants as well as their results.

4. Another important factor is the groups of peers sharing the same interests. Pupils who belong to such groups not only more often strive to achieve better results but also more frequently discuss their work with their friends and teachers and enjoy solving problems.
The Textbook “Rita, Raitis and Numbers” by J. Mencis (Sen.) and D. Draviņa for the Pre-school Learners
Authors: Drelinga Elga , Iliško Dzintra , Zariņa Sandra
Published: October 2015

The article presents the analyses of the textbook for the primary school children in math “Rita, Raitis and numbers” designed by J. Mencis (Sen.) and D. Draviņa who emphasize the importance of developing basic math notions for the primary school children as seen in the context of sustainable education. This is essential to recognize the importance of teaching basics that need to be developed at the primary stage of education in preparing children for school. The aim of the study is to offer a detailed study of methods offered by J. Mencis (Sen.) and D. Draviņa for pre-school children and its applicability nowadays. The authors offer suggestions about the most efficient approaches in teaching math for the primary school children. The book designed in 90’s is still efficient today. Therefore, the authors present a detailed analysis of the methods and contents of the school subject suggested by the scientist J. Mencis for the contemporary purposes in preparing children for schools. The authors have used a content analysis to study how the interests and the needs of girls and boys are being met in stories, revealed in the content of exercises and in the choice of hand-outs. Particular attention in this study has been paid to a representation of the role of family in preparing children for school, as well as to a gender dimension in the textbook. The main research problem is to reveal the suitability of the textbook for the purposes of a contemporary pupil. The aim of the study is to prove that the contribution of J. Mencis (Sen.) and D. Draviņa in teaching math is of national value and how it corresponds to the criteria of a contemporary textbook. The objectives of the study is to 1) explore gender portrayal in the book, 2) its suitability of us by the families in training the child for the schools, as well as 3) the plot of the textbook and it’s suitability for children. The book has been used by several generations of teachers, it corresponds to the criteria required for the contemporary textbook in math, and can serve as bases for further use.
FEATURES OF PLASMAPHERESIS IN THE TREATMENT OF GRAFT REJECTION AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Vatazin A. V. , Zulkarnaev A. B. , Kantarija R. O. , Krstich M. , Faenko A. P.
Published: October 2015

Introduction. The development of immunological confl ict in the form of host-versus-graft reaction has always been main problem in transplantation. The worst case is the development of humoral rejection with the presence of circulating immune complexes and antibodies. There are several methods for quick removal of antibodies; among those are traditional plasmapheresis (PA) and double fi ltration plasmapheresis (DFPF). In this paper we present our experience with these two methods and give a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness in the treatment of acute humoral rejection in renal allograft.

Aim: to compare the effectiveness of traditional and double fi ltration plasmapheresis while processing different volumes of plasma in the treatment of host-versus-graft disease after kidney transplantation.

Methods. The study included 58 patients after kidney transplantation. All patients had increased activity of humoral immunity, which was confi rmed by immunofl uorescence with luminescence C4d complement component. In 26 patients we performed DFPF, in 32 patients – traditional PA. We divided the DFPF patients into 4 subgroups depending on the amount of processed plasma: > 50% (5 patients), 50–100% (8 patients), 100–150% (7 patients), 150–200% (6 patients) of circulating plasma volume. We also divided PA patients into four subgroups depending on the volume of plasma removed: >50% (8 patients), 50–70% (12 patients), 70–90% (7 patients), 90–110% (5 patients) of the volume of circulating plasma. We monitored the immune status with markers of humoral immunity activation IgM, IgG before and after each of the procedures.

Results. Each procedure of traditional PA and DFPF was accompanied by a marked decrease in blood concentrations of IgM and IgG antibodies. Their level decreased by an average of 30–55% of the original. However, some patients in both groups showed an increase in the concentration of these immunoglobulins in 1–2 days after the fi rst and the second procedures. The effect of rebound was observed during DFPF if in one procedure less than 100% of the circulation plasma volume was processed and during traditional PA if less than 70% was removed. Upon reaching the target values and increasing the processing volumes we managed to avoid growth of IgM and IgG.

Conclusions. DFPF and traditional PA can effectively reduce the high titers of circulating antibodies, which is accompanied by a decrease in the activity of humoral immunity of the recipient. In the case of double fi ltration plasmapheresis at least one volume of circulating plasma should be processed and in traditional plasmapheresis – at least 70% should be removed.
THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TRANSPLANTATION OF VITAL ORGANS. WAYS OF INTRODUCTION OF INVENTIONS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Nikitina M. V. , Shevchenko O. P.
Published: October 2015

The article deals with the legal protection of inventions in V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artifi cial Organs
TESTING THE INTERACTION OF HEART LEFT VENTRICLE AND CONTINUOUS-FLOW PUMP ON A MOCK CIRCULATION MODEL UNDER NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Itkin G. P. , Drobyshev A. A. , Dmitrieva O. Yu. , Buchnev A. S. , Sysoev A. A.
Published: October 2015

Introduction. The preliminary study of new developed pumps for circulatory support on the hydrodynamic circulation model is an important step in the process of their designing. Hydrodynamic circulation models that can closely imitate cardio – vascular system are important to defi ne the range of effective functioning of the pumps under normal and heart disease conditions which is of great importance for defi ning the mode of these pumps in real clinical conditions.

The aim of study is to create a new hydrodynamic circulation model of the systemic circulation to study the processes of interaction of heart left ventricle and continuous – fl ow pumps.

Materials and methods. The main components of the mock circulation model (arterial and venous blocks) are designed as closed reservoirs with an air bag providing the necessary elasticity value of these reservoirs. The heart left ventricle was simulated with an artifi cial heart ventricle with a pneumatic drive Sinus-IS which allows to change its options in a wide range. As a test pump we used the fi rst native implantable axial pump VISH – 1. In the course of research we made the registration and recording of the basic hemodynamic parameters (pressure, fl ow) with a multichannel module Pumpax for the measurement of pressure parameters.

Results. The designed circulation model allows to adequately reproduce the main hemodynamic parameters of the circulatory system in normal (arterial pressure – 110/77 mmHg, left atrium pressure – 7 mmHg and cardiac output – 4.2 l/min) and heart failure conditions (arterial pressure – 79/53 mmHg, left atrium pressure – 15 mmHg and cardiac output – 3.1 l/min). On the circulation model the interaction of heart left ventricle and continuous-fl ow pump in heart failure simulation was studied. The dynamics of the main circulation fi gures is shown under conditions of changing of the pump rotor speed. Meanwhile, the conditions of the closing of aortic valve are identifi ed which is important for theclinical use of this pump. Using a special separately fl exible camera on the pump inlet we modeled phenomena of negative pressure leading to unstable pump operation and reduction of pump fl ow.

Conclusion. Characteristics of the developed hydrodynamic circulation model allow us to reproduce parameters of systemic circulation in a wide range and to use it in designing of new pumps for circulatory support.
THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANTАTION IN THE CLINICAL HOSPITAL OF ALMATY
Authors: Baimakhanov B. B. , Kyzhyrov Zh. N. , Sakhipov M. M. , Chormanov A. T. , Kuandikov T. K. , Ibragimov R. P. , Sadykov Ch. T. , Issayev D. A.
Published: October 2015

Aim:To estimate results of kidney transplantation in city clinical hospital No. 7 of Almaty.

Materials and methods. 100 patients who underwent kidney transplantation in our institution were analyzed; males – 54 (54%), females – 46 (46%), aged from 14 till 58 years old (39 ± 10.3). In 91 cases hand – assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy (HALN) was performed and in 3 cases – open method (2 with mini-lumbotomic and 1 with pararectal access) was used.

Results. The survival rate was 98% (98 patients). The causes of death were the nonfunctioning transplant due to noncompliance of immunosuppression, post traumatic septic complications, multiple organ failure. The most frequent complications were hematoma (12%), acute rejection (8%), and tubular necrosis (2%). Less aggressive schemes of immunosuppressive therapy allow reducing risk of drug toxic impact on the patient's organism and, thus, can extend functioning of a transplant.

Conclusion.Kidney transplantation is an effective treatment method of end stage renal diseases. The use of modern immunosuppressive therapy protocols and adequate immunological selection of donor – recipient provide high survival of transplants. Operative treatment and further case management of this group of patients are possible in highly specialized medical hospital.
TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR 1 AT LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Kurabekova R. M. , Shevchenko O. P. , Tsiroulnikova O. M.
Published: October 2015

This review summarizes the current literature devoted to the analysis of the role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) at liver transplantation. TGF-β1 plays a key role in the development of liver fi brosis, as well as in development of the immune response; its concentration in the blood and tissue changes in liver diseases. TGF-β1 levels in the blood of the recipients are associated with the development of liver fi brosis, the formation of immune tolerance and immune response to active infection. Measuring the level of TGF-β1 at liver transplantation may have diagnostic and prognostic value for assessing the graft condition. Currently, clinical data on the role of the cytokine at liver transplantation are not accumulated enough and further research on the relation of TGF-β1 levels with different clinical and laboratory parameters in liver transplant patients is needed. The review analyzed 54 sources of literature, more than half of which were published in the last fi ve years.
Fewer Vacants, Fewer Crimes? Impacts of Neighborhood Revitalization Policies on Crime
Authors: Spader Jonathan , Schuetz Jenny , Cortes Alvaro
Published: October 2015

The relationship between neighborhood physical environment and social disorder, particularly crime, is of critical interest to urban economists and sociologists, as well as local governments. Over the past 50 years, various policy interventions to improve physical conditions in distressed neighborhoods have also been heralded for their potential to reduce crime. Urban renewal programs in the mid-20th century and public housing redevelopment in the 1990s both subscribed to the idea that signs of physical disorder invite social disorder. More recently, the federal Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) provided funding for local policymakers to rehabilitate or demolish foreclosed and vacant properties, in order to mitigate negative spillovers—including crime—on surrounding neighborhoods. In this paper, we investigate the impact of NSP investments on localized crime patterns in Cleveland, Chicago and Denver. Results suggest that demolition activity in Cleveland decreased burglary and theft, but do not find measurable impacts of property rehabilitation investments—although the precision of these estimates are limited by the number of rehabilitation activities.
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE CRIANÇAS INTERNADAS NA PEDIATRIA DE UM HOSPITAL TERCIÁRIO
Authors: Huber Elisa , Vinholes Daniele Botelho
Published: October 2015

Introdução: Alterações nutricionais têm repercussão em pacientes de todas as idades, especialmente nas crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional das crianças internadas na enfermaria pediátrica do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, da cidade de Tubarão, Santa Catarina, associando ao tempo de internação e nível socioeconômico. Casuística e Métodos: Foram avaliadas 180 crianças que estiveram internadas no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição na cidade de Tubarão, Santa Catarina. Após consentimento dos pais, foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas que, entre outras, abordavam a doença atual, peso, altura e condições socioeconômicas, além de consulta aos prontuários dessas crianças. Na avaliação do estado nutricional, as crianças foram classificadas segundo o padrão da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)/2006, para crianças de zero a cinco anos. E segundo o padrão da OMS/2007, para maiores de cinco anos. Realizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e teste de ANOVA, sendo P<0,05 considerado significante. Resultados: Quando avaliadas as variáveis peso/idade, 29,40% das crianças estavam abaixo do peso, 64,40% com peso adequado e 6,10% com peso elevado. Para estatura/idade, 28,90% tinham baixo peso e 71,10% peso adequado. O tempo de internação com o estado nutricional teve relação de significância. O nível socioeconômico com o estado nutricional não se mostrou significante. Conclusão: A maioria das crianças internadas apresentava adequado peso. No estudo não existiu relação entre o nível socioeconômico da criança e seu estado nutricional. Houve interferência no tempo de permanência no hospital decorrente da condição nutricional. A grande maioria das crianças não teve seu estado nutricional mencionado no prontuário.
COMUNICAÇÃO DE MÁS NOTÍCIAS EM PEDIATRIA: A PERSPECTIVA DO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Gonçalves Samantha Pelichek , Forte Isabela Guimarães , Setino Juliana Aquino , Cury Patricia Maluf , Salomão Jr João Batista , Miyazaki Maria Cristina O.S.
Published: October 2015

Introdução: A prática da medicina requer um equilíbrio entre competência técnica e competência para relacionamento interpessoal. Este estudo foca um aspecto específico do relacionamento médico-paciente: a comunicação de más notícias, ou seja, notícias que afetam de forma negativa a visão do paciente sobre o futuro, ameaçam seu bem-estar e reduzem a possibilidade de escolhas. Objetivo: Identificar estratégias utilizadas por pediatras para comunicar más notícias aos pacientes. Casuística e Métodos: Trinta pediatras do complexo FAMERP/FUNFARME responderam a um questionário sobre comunicação de más notícias.  O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. Resultados: Participaram 18 mulheres e 12 homens, com idade entre 25 e 61 anos (média = 37,43 ± 12,56), trabalhando nos seguintes contextos: pronto-socorro, enfermaria, ambulatório e unidade de tratamento intensivo. Entre os participantes, 19 relataram a possibilidade de comunicar más notícias dentro da sua especialidade e 12 já haviam tido essa experiência. A maioria (n = 23) acredita que apenas parcela das informações deve ser fornecida à criança; 25 já haviam discutido diagnóstico e prognóstico com pacientes e todos já haviam fornecido explicações às crianças que seriam submetidas a procedimentos dolorosos. Conclusão: Dada a frequência com que pediatras fornecem “más notícias”, o treino em habilidades para realizar essa tarefa deve fazer parte da sua formação profissional.
INQUÉRITO POPULACIONAL SOBRE HIV/AIDS NA TERCEIRA IDADE
Authors: De Paula Dálquia Ferrarinni , Favero Marina Luiza Dalla Costa , Martins Bonafe Simone
Published: October 2015

Introdução: A epidemia da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida, no Brasil, emergiu como um problema de saúde pública desde a sua descoberta. Apresenta-se de forma universal, com características epidemiológicas distintas e variáveis, cuja incidência vem aumentando na faixa etária acima de 50 anos. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e comportamento relacionado à Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Humana dos participantes acima de 50 anos de grupos da terceira idade da cidade de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo transversal que consistiu na aplicação de 200 questionários anônimos, padronizados e com perguntas objetivas, no período de agosto a outubro de 2013. Resultados: Vida sexual ativa foi relatada por 70,6% dos homens e 51,1% das mulheres, sendo que 58% da amostra não possuía companheiro fixo. Quanto ao uso de preservativo, 26,5% informaram o uso em todas as relações sexuais. A promiscuidade foi observada em 13,5% da amostra. Conclusão: O presente trabalho foi importante ao revelar a existência de lacunas do conhecimento sobre a doença, nos aspectos transmissão e vulnerabilidade, demonstrando possíveis fatores de risco que podem contribuir para o aumento da infecção nesse grupo etário
A Field-Experimental Study of Emergent Mobilization in Online Collective Action*
Authors: Vaillant Gabriela Gonzalez , Tyagi Juhi , Akin Idil Afife , Poma Fernanda Page , Schwartz Michael , van de Rijt Arnout
Published: October 2015

We ask why most online signature campaigns attract only a handful of supporters while a few are backed by millions. Using a field-experimental design on the popular petitioning website Change.org, we investigate the role of emergent phenomena during the mobilization process in determining levels of collective action. We demonstrate the significance of these emergent processes while controlling the structural profiles, organizing strategies, and initial signatory volumes of online petition campaigns. Differences in ultimate signatory support among similar petitions are as extreme as theories of critical mass and tipping points would suggest, yet the dynamics leading up to these arbitrary disparities are unexpected. Growth is highly erratic, with initially unpopular campaigns experiencing wholly unexpected revivals, limiting the predictability of future from past momentum to just the short run. The mechanism we identify driving these unpredictable dynamics we call “accidental activation,” the unanticipated recruitment of secondary mobilizers.
La exploração vocacional em jovens: Estudo com grupos específicos || Career exploration in young people: Study with specific groups
Authors: Silva Ana Daniela , Marques Catia
Published: October 2015

Apresentam-se dois estudos da exploração vocacional com grupos específicos de adolescentes tendo-se recorrido ao Career Exploration Survey (CES). No primeiro estudo analisou-se o processo de exploração vocacional de 135 jovens institucionalizados comparando-o com o de 184 a viver em famílias recorrendo-se à One-Way MANOVA. No segundo estudo analisou-se o processo de exploração vocacional de 323 jovens que frequentam o ensino profissional, comparando-o com o de 208 do ensino regular recorrendo-se ao T-Test. Com base nos resultados são retiradas implicações para a intervenção de carreira com grupos específicos.
La formación del profesorado de Educación Infantil y Primaria en el marco del EEES || Teacher training of Kindergarden and Primary Education in the EEES framework
Authors: González-Pienda Julio Antonio , San-Pedro Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Celestino , Cerezo Rebeca , González-Castro Paloma
Published: October 2015

En el proceso de construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior la renovación de la metodología educativa se erige como un foco clave y fundamental para toda la Universidad española. En el caso de la Formación del Profesorado de Infantil y Primaria fue necesario el diseño de las titulaciones conforme al perfil profesional del maestro y determinar las competencias que dicho perfil integra. En el presente trabajo, se ejemplifica esta necesidad con un caso concreto de esta nueva formación en la recientemente creada Facultad de Formación del Profesorado y Educación de la Universidad de Oviedo. El objetivo se centró en describir primeramente, la estructura de las nuevas titulaciones de grado de la formación del profesorado, seguido de una descripción de aspectos de gestión, estructurales, etc., que acompañaron la transformación de los estudios. Las implicaciones derivadas del cambio producido, nos llevan a pensar en las posibilidades de mejora en la formación de los futuros maestros de infantil y primaria.
Comissão própria de avaliação: dois lados de uma mesma moeda
Authors: Bernardes Joelma dos Santos , Rothen José Carlos
Published: October 2015

Este artigo, que apresenta um estudo de caso realizado na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, tem a intenção de analisar e compreender se a autoavaliação institucional desenvolvida pela Comissão Própria de Avaliação se aproxima da perspectiva regulatória ou da emancipatória. Para tal, a pesquisa documental e o levantamento bibliográfico foram utilizados neste trabalho. Concluiu-se que o processo de avaliação institucional demanda tempo, gera trabalho, conflito e nem toda a comunidade acadêmica percebe a importância desse tipo de avaliação para a gestão institucional. A Comissão mostrou ter dificuldade em discutir os resultados da avaliação institucional com a comunidade em virtude do pouco tempo estabelecido pela regulamentação, de forma que a autoavaliação institucional desenvolvida pela universidade aproxima- se, em alguns momentos, da avaliação regulatória e, em outros, da avaliação emancipatória.
Percurso histórico do Saresp e as implicações para o trabalho pedagógico em sala de aula
Authors: Santos Uillians Eduardo dos , Sabia Claudia Pereira de Pádua
Published: October 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a trajetória da implantação do Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (Saresp) e analisar suas possíveis repercussões na orientação da organização do trabalho pedagógico. Para tanto, foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Como resultados, identificamos as seguintes implicações e consequências para o trabalho pedagógico em sala de aula: utilização do Saresp como critério de aprovação (ou não) em final de ciclo escolar; utilização como modelo para elaboração de novas provas; realização do treinamento dos alunos por parte dos professores para a avaliação; utilização da avaliação externa como avaliação da aprendizagem; direcionamento e controle do trabalho docente; comercialização de notas; foco estritamente nos componentes curriculares; currículo prescrito; regulação do trabalho docente e limitação da autonomia do professor em sala de aula.
Boas práticas escolares e avaliação em larga escala: a literatura ibero-americana em questão
Authors: Martins Edivaldo Cesar Camarotti , Calderón Adolfo Ignacio
Published: October 2015

Este artigo aborda a literatura acadêmico-científica sobre as boas práticas escolares numa perspectiva panorâmica, enfocando a produção científica no espaço ibero-americano. Trata-se de uma pesquisa sobre o estado do conhecimento, resultante de rigoroso levantamento bibliográfico, em que se identificam concepções subjacentes, tendências e principais abordagens na literatura estudada. Constata-se, no contexto luso-brasileiro, a tendência de uma discussão politizada e questionadora dos referenciais ideológicos subjacentes às boas práticas escolares, ao passo que, no contexto espanhol, predomina uma comunidade científica que, desde um ponto de vista sistêmico, estuda as boas práticas sob o prisma da construção de uma escola eficaz.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic Disease
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Wijaya Andi
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial function and behavior are central to the physiology of humans and, consequently, "mitochondrial dysfunction" has been implicated in a wide range of disease.CONTENT: Mitochondrial ROS might attack various mitochondrial constituents, causing mitochondrial DNA mutations and oxidative damage to respiratory enzymes. A defect in mitochondrial respiratory enzymes would increase mitochondrial production of ROS, causing further mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathies, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cancer. Pathways that improve mitochondrial function, attenuate mitochondrial oxidative stress, and regulate mitochondrial biogenesis have recently emerged as potential therapeutic targets.SUMMARY: Mitochondria perform diverse yet interconnected functions, produce ATP and many biosynthetic intermediates while also contribute to cellular stress responses such as autophagy and apoptosis. Mitochondria form a dynamic, interconnected network that is intimately integrated with other cellular compartments. It is therefore not suprising that mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a key factor in a myriad of diseases, including neurodegenerative, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Interventions that modulate processes involved in regulation of mitochondrial turnover, with calorie restriction and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, are of particular interest.KEYWORDS: mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolic diseases