bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the growth, yield attributes and grain yield of kharif maize (Zea mays) under varying doses of biochar, fertility levels, and biofertilizer treatments
Authors: SAURABH KUMAR VERMA  , SURESH KUMAR  , ALOK KUMAR PANDEY
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at the research farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya, Uttar Pardesh, to evaluate the effect of graded doses of biochar and fertility levels with and without biofertilizer under partially reclaimed sodic soils on maize (Zea mays L.) performance. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) which with 3 replications. Experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. T1 , Control; T2 , 100% RDF 100 : 60 : 40 N, P2 O5 and K2 O; T3 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar; T4 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T5 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn; T6 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar; T7 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T8 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn. The study’s comparative analysis revealed the positive effects of applying biochar, optimal fertility levels, and biofertilizers on the yield attributes and grain yield of kharif maize. Notably, treatment T8 showed significant improvements, with a 53% increase in cob length, 34% increase in cob girth, 83% increase in the number of grains per row, 138.4% increase in grain yield, and 134% increase in stover yield compared to the control treatment. These findings demonstrate the successful impact of application of 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn in enhancing various aspects of maize growth and yield, surpassing the outcomes achieved with the control treatment and may be recommended for achieving high-quality maize production in partially reclaimed sodic soils of eastern Uttar Pradesh and comparable agro-ecoregions.
Assessment of precise nutrient management through nutrient expert on productivity and profitability of zero-till maize
Authors: SEEMA SEPAT  , BHAGYSHREE PHOGAT  , R.S. BANA  , DINESH KUMAR  , S.L. MEENA
Published: February 2024

An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient-management options on yield, nutrient uptake, residual soil-fertility status, and enzymatic activities in maize (Zea mays L.). The zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (ZT + R) and conventional tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (CT + R) enhanced the grain yield (6.2–17.0%) of maize compared to CT without residue (4.40 t/ha). High cost of cultivation was recorded in CT + R (44.8 × 103 `/ha), while high net returns were found in ZT + R (37.6 × 103 `/ha). In ZT + R, the addition of wheat residue enhanced N, P, and K uptake in grain by 19.41, 12.81 and 13.92%, respectively over CT. Available N (182 kg/ha), available P (13.8 kg/ha), and exchangeable K (318 kg/ha) were found highest with ZT + R. Nutrient expert system (NES) enhanced the grain yield (5.30 t/ha) and net returns (43.0 × 103 `/ha) compared to no application of nutrients (control) (3.35 t/ha and 17.9 × 103 `/ha) and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (4.70 t/ha and 34.8 × 103 `/ha). Higher activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) (25.9 TPF μg/g/h) and microbial biomass C (130 μg/g) were found with NES. An increase of 57.96–58.4% in N uptake was found with NES over RDF (80.0 kg/ha). The nutrient expert system (NES) and 125% of RDF left higher amount of residual N, P and K in soil than the control. Overall, nutrient expert system under zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha can increase the productivity and profitability in maize.
Effect of organic nutrient management on yield, quality, nutrient uptake and economics of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa) in hill zone of West Bengal
Authors: SANJIVANI KARKI  , MRITYUNJAY GHOSH  , BINOY CHETTRI  , S. BANERJEE  , T. BISWAS  , P. BANDYOPADHYAY  , S. GHOSH
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2021 at the Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalimpong, West Bengal, to study the response of 2 aromatic rice cultivars (‘Kalture’ and ‘Kalonunia’) under 4 organic nutrient management (cowdung manure @ 5 t/ha, vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha, mustardcake @ 0.5 t/ha, and leaf mould @ 1 t/ha). ‘Kalonunia’ exhibited greater tiller production (435/m2 ), leaf-area index (3.08) and dry-matter accumulation (452 g/m2 ) at 63 days after planting (DAT), and ‘Kalture’ showed taller plants (137.1 cm) and lodging susceptibility (score 4.0) at maturity. ‘Kalonunia’ performed significantly better in terms of grain yield (3.32 t/ha), non-lodging habit, protein content (7.25%) and net income (`57,043/ha) than ‘Kalture’ cultivar. Although the application of vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha resulted in the maximum grain yield (3.22 t/ha) and nutrient uptake (44.6 kg N, 16.4 kg P and 39.0 kg K/ha), mustard-cake @ 0.5 t/ha could be an alternative option owing to near-maximum grain yield (3.11 t/ha) with high protein content (7.1%), medium aroma (score 1.7), maximum net income (`51,040/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.01) in hill zone of West Bengal.
Prediction of post-harvest soil nutrient status through multiple linear regression for targeted yield of hybrid maize
Authors: NIDHI LUTHRA  , AJAYA SRIVASTAVA  , U.P. SHAHI  , VIJAY KANT SINGH  , PRADEEP DEY  , ANAND SINGH
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18 at Crop Research Centre (CRC), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to develop post-harvest soil test values (PHSTVs) and response type of fertilizers with the help of fertilizer prescription equations for achieving targeted yield of hybrid maize following STCR principle. In the present study, the response of hybrid maize to selected four levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) at graded fertility levels was studied. Nutrient requirements (NR) of maize were recorded as 22, 5 and 27 kg/tonnes for N, P, and K, respectively. The contribution of NPK nutrients was observed; from fertilizer (%CF) at 58.2, 62.7, and 420.4%, from soil (%CS) at 33.1, 26.8, and 22.7%, from FYM (% C FYM) at 45.2, 14.4 and 39.4% and from fertilizer with FYM (% IPNM) as 62.4, 63.5 and 427.6%, respectively. Integration of N, P, and K fertilizers with FYM (10 t/ha) resulted in fertilizer savings of 31.2%, 18%, and 16% over NPK alone for a target yield of 4500 kg/ha on soil test values of 150, 35 and 200 kg/ha of KMnO4 -N, Olsen-P and NH4 OAc-K, respectively. The fertilizer response type for phosphorus was “+ - - “. The response of hybrid maize to NPK fertilizers was higher when integrated with FYM as compared to NPK alone. The prediction equations for PHSTVs help in predicting soil test values (STVs) which may save the cost of testing.
Optimization of phosphorus levels for enhancing groundnut productivity under different land configuration in semi-arid ecologies of Afghanistan
Authors: KHALILULLAH KHALEEQ  , S.S. RATHORE  , NAJIBULLAH HEMMAT  , KAPILA SHEKHAWAT  , SMRUTI RANJAN PADHAN  , SUBASH BABU  , R.K. SINGH
Published: February 2024

The present investigation entitled “Optimization of phosphorus levels for groundnut under different land configuration in Afghanistan” was carried out at Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar Province, Afghanistan during spring season of 2020. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 15 treatment combinations and three replications. The main-plot consised of land configurations, viz. ridge and furrow (RF), broad bed and furrow (BBF) and flatbed (FB), while the sub-plots comprised of phosphorus levels, viz. absolute control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2 O5 / ha. The results revealed that the plant growth in terms of dry matter accumulation (above ground and below ground) and number of branches/plant were maximum in BBF, followed by FB and minimum in RF. Adoption of BBF also recorded significantly higher pod yield (2,987 kg/ha) and harvest index (31.0). With respect to P levels, application of 60 kg P2O5 /ha produced significantly higher pod yield (3,363 kg/ha), biological yield (13,157 kg/ha) than other P2 O5 levels. Therefore, growing of groundnut on BBF with application of 60 kg P2 O5 / ha was found beneficial for achieving higher production and productivity under Afghanistan conditions.
Factors for choosing a pediatric dentist in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kakti Ateet
Published: February 2024

The choice of a pediatric dentist is a crucial decision for parents, influenced by a variety of factors. This study aimed to investigate the key determinants that guide parents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in their selection of a pediatric dentist. A cross-sectional survey was administered to a diverse participant pool. The survey captured demographic information, history of dental visits, parents' level of concern about dental treatment for their children, and the importance of specific factors in the choice of a pediatric dentist. The survey was completed by a balanced representation of different age groups and genders. Most participants from Riyadh and other regions had a history of dental visits. Parents' concern about dental treatment varied based on the number of children they had. The most significant factors influencing the choice of a pediatric dentist were the quality of the dental unit's disinfection process, the dentist's ability to communicate with the child and manage uncooperative behaviour, and the dentist's experience. The least influential factors were the proximity of the dental office to the child's school, the dentist's gender, and the number of pediatric dentists in the practice. This study provided valuable insights into the factors that influence parents' decision in choosing a pediatric dentist in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data helps dental professionals understand parents' priorities and improve their services accordingly to meet patient needs and expectations.
Preoperative Serum Albumin Level as a Predictor of Surgical Site Infection in Emergency Laparotomy
Authors: Raya Akash , Yadav Aditya Prakash , Dangol Elina
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Serum albumin level is the most readily available and clinically useful parameter used to predict surgical site infection. According to Centres for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection occurs within 30 days of the procedure or within 1 year if prosthesis is implanted, increasing the risk of poor clinical outcome.
Methods: This is a prospective study where 58 patients with estimated preoperative serum albumin level had undergone exploratory laparotomy with acute abdominal conditions in Department of General Surgery, National Medical College and Teaching Hospital over period of January 2021 to July 2021. History and detailed clinical examination were performed as per the working proforma which included patients with record of preoperative serum albumin level. Albumin less than 3.5 g/dL was recognized as hypoalbuminemia. The association between preoperative serum albumin level and surgical site infection was assessed. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences)
Result: Total number of patients in our study was 58, out of which 63.79% were males. The youngest patient included was 20yrs and the eldest one was 85yrs of age. Total   23 patients (39.70%) had hypoalbuminemia at the time of operation. Surgical Site Infection were found in 20 cases with albumin <3.5g/dl and 7 cases with > 3.5g/dl (p=<0.001).
Conclusion: Our study revealed that when serum albumin level was less than 3.5gm/dl, surgical Site Infection were higher which was statistically significant.
PRESKRIPCE A EVALUACE POHYBOVÉ AKTIVITY U OSOB PO MÍŠNÍ LÉZI
Authors: Šlauf M , Vařeková J , Daďová K
Published: February 2024

Východiska: U jedinců po míšní lézi (ML) hraje pohybová aktivita (PA) významnou rehabilitační roli vzhledem ke svým bio-psycho-sociálním benefitům. Odborné společnosti proto stanovují doporučené postupy, které popisují typ a počáteční i ideální objem PA.

Cíle a metody: Dotazníkové šetření zkoumalo preskripci, znalost aktuálních doporučených postupů (guidelines) a ověřování efektu PA v následné péči u jedinců s ML mezi 28 odborníky ve spinální rehabilitaci. Respondenty bylo 14 mužů a 14 žen (1 lékař, 11 fyzioterapeutů, 9 ergoterapeutů, 5 pohybových terapeutů, 2 instruktoři soběstačnosti).

Výsledky: Všichni respondenti se shodli ve významu PA v rehabilitaci jedinců po ML. Respondenti jedince stran PA pravidelně edukují, většinou s pomocí názorné ukázky (N=20) či video materiálů (N=9) a odkazů na další organizace. Povědomí o aktuálních guidelines mělo pouze minimum respondentů (N=4), nicméně velká část pokyny naplňovala. Většina respondentů (N=22) zpětně PA kontroluje, a to zejména pomocí vyšetřovacích formulářů.

Závěr: Výzkum prokázal vysokou míru povědomí o významu PA u odborníků ve spinální rehabilitaci. Do budoucna je žádoucí širší povědomí o guidelines tak, aby vedle fyzioterapie a ergoterapie byla více doporučována i aerobní aktivita a posilování.
Revolutionizing Bone Implants: The Promising Journey of Hyperelastic Bone and 3D Printing in Modern Medicine
Authors: Tóth Andrej , Furka Samuel , Furka Daniel
Published: February 2024

Introduction: In the rapidly developing world of modern medicine, there is an effort to create innovative materials that are characterized by affordability, quality, and long service life. The main target for the research teams became artificial bone implants produced by 3D printing. Biocompatibility, individualized geometries, and expansiveness of the material during bone growth are basic criteria for simplifying surgical manipulation and simplifying rehabilitation. In the last decade, such materials have mainly included ceramic composites and polyesters containing calcium phosphate. A cutting-edge step was the discovery of a material called hyperelastic bone (HB), which combines hydroxyapatite and biocompatible polymer components. HB is formed by an inorganic-organic composite with a 3D structure, capable of expansion along with growing bone. Due to its biocompatibility, it brings significant advances in the field of bone endoprostheses designed for pediatric patients. HB in combination with suitable 3D printing technology brings the possibility of producing individualized bone replacements of a new generation. This new generation is characterized by a more than 70 % decrease in the need for repeated resections during bone growth in pediatric patients, thereby significantly increasing the patient's quality of life and reducing the demands on rehabilitation.

Aim: Emphasize the importance of hyperelastic bone as a revolutionary material in the field of artificial bone implants, which has the potential to meet the quality of life of pediatric patients after part of the bone transplantation.

Conclusions: The effort to find new materials specifically for pediatric patients with rapidly growing bones has led to the breakthrough discovery of hyperelastic bone developed by the team of Jakus et al. from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University in Evanston. It is a composite that combines hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone and polylactic acid. The material improves the physicochemical and mechanical properties of endoprostheses compared to the still commonly used and studied materials based on polyesters and organic-inorganic composites. This material has a significant ability to adapt its geometry during the growth of the child's bone and thus reduce the demands of rehabilitation. In combination with 3D printing, HB offers a reduction in the cost of producing individualized endoprostheses. This groundbreaking material sets new standards for endoprosthesis development, orthopedics, and rehabilitation. Although this is a huge advance in medicine and medical rehabilitation, it is necessary to optimize rehabilitation processes for novel type of endoprostheses.
Rehabilitácia Pri Cirhóze Pečene
Authors: Sekereš M
Published: February 2024

Ochorenie pečene akým je cirhóza predstavuje na Slovensku jedno z najčastejších príčin úmrtia u ľudí v strednom veku. Významnou komplikáciou cirhózy je sarkopénia, ktorá môže progredovať do syndrómu krehkosti. Sarkopénia a krehkosť sú prediktormi mortality a morbidity pred a po transplantácii pečene a taktiež sú spojené so zhoršenou kvalitou života. Rehabilitácia predstavuje dôležitý článok v zmysle multidisciplinárneho manažmentu pacientov s cirhózou pečene s cieľom modifikovať rizikové faktory akými sú sarkopénia, krehkosť či sarkopenická obezita. Kľúčová je kombinácia personalizovanej rehabilitácie a nutričnej intervencie. Pri vytváraní cvičebného programu je potrebné poznať všeobecný stav pacienta a vychádzať z diagnostických modalít hodnotiacich svalovú funkčnosť akými sú napríklad Liver Frailty Index (LFI) a 6-minútový test chôdze (6MWT). Vhodná je kombinácia silového cvičenia spolu aeróbnym cvičením strednej intenzity. Cvičenie u pacientov s cirhózou možno považovať za bezpečné a potenciálne prospešné v zmysle možnosti zvýšenia ich svalovej sily, kvality života, aeróbnej kapacity či zníženia portálnej hypertenzie, rizika pádov a dĺžky hospitalizácie.
Innovative land management in the context of the concept of sustainable development
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian University, Ukraine, Aranchiy Valentyna
Published: February 2024

Modern approaches to the organization of innovative land management in the context of the concept of sustainable development are considered. Current trends in the development of land management and the mechanism for strengthening its potential are updated. The author’s vision of the management of land resources in Ukraine in the period of crises and bifurcations, post-war recovery of the agro-food sector and rural areas is presented.
Digitalization of the activities of the center for the provision of administrative services on the example of district state administrations in the city of Kyiv
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tadlia Anastasia
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the current state and prospects for the development of digitization of administrative services in Ukraine as one of the main components of the formation of a service state. The article defines that the main idea of digitization of public services is to provide the population with high-quality administrative services in electronic form. In the process of research, the views of various scientists on the current state of integration of administrative services in the digital environment were considered and analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the factors that actualize the process of improving the level of digitalization of administrative services on the example of district state administrations in the city of Kyiv.
Food security management as a component of economic security of an Ukrainian agricultural enterprise
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian University, Diachkov Dmytro , Ahakerimova Rymma ,   Poltava State Agrarian University, Chuhuy Yuriy ,   Poltava State Agrarian University
Published: February 2024

The article outlines the urgency of the ensuring food security problem of especially in the context of economic, political and military aggression. Given the approaches to defining the essence and role of food security, it was proposed to consider it from four aspects: as a form of food supply to the population of a certain territory; as an agricultural activity involving the use of innovative methods of agricultural production; as an element of ensuring the economic stability of the country; as a component of national and global security. The author defines the place of food security in the system of general security, the key factors that form it, and outlines a basic list of directions for improving the level of food security.
Citizen participation and digital transformation: new horizons for government-public interaction
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Ukraine,, Boiko Liudmyla
Published: February 2024

This scientific article highlights the key role of citizen participation in building effective government-public interaction in digitalized society, discusses the multi-level nature of citizen participation from information to consultation and involvement. It explores the complexity of the “citizen participation”, emphasizes the significance of partnership between government and citizens, mentions the importance of increasing digital skills in order to take advantage of available digital tools for citizen participation.
The Role of ChatGPT in Orthodontics: A Game-Changer in Patient Engagement and Education
Authors: Gupta Ekta , Sharma Shreya
Published: February 2024

ChatGPT, an AI chatbot, has the potential to revolutionize the field of orthodontics by providing valuable support to orthodontists, staff, and patients. By leveraging its natural language processing capabilities, ChatGPT can assist in several ways, including answering patient questions, providing educational information about orthodontic treatments, offering post-treatment guidance, and even supporting staff in managing administrative tasks. The implementation of ChatGPT in orthodontic practices can improve patient satisfaction, streamline communication, and ultimately enhance the overall orthodontic experience for both patients and practitioners. This abstract provides an overview of the role of ChatGPT in orthodontics and highlights its potential impact on the field.
Evaluation of some physical, chemical and sensorial parameter of turkish coffee trade in the Albanian market
Authors: Shehaj Alketa , Morina Ariola
Published: February 2024

Coffee is a product that is used all over the world because it has a lot of effects on the human body. There are different types of coffee in the market but in the Albanian market, Turkish coffee distinguishes from other types because it is traditional, and is used mainly by housewives. The extraction method is boiling, where mostly all the soluble substances are passed into the cup. We have collected some samples of Turkish coffee that is in trade in the Albanian market and have evaluated their physical, chemical and sensorial properties. All the Turkish coffee samples are processed in the Albanian region, where are situated some good factories with modern technology. The study aims to evaluate the quality of Turkish coffee that is produced in the Albanian market and for this; we have determined some physical and chemical properties such as humidity, ash, coffee oil, protein, acidity and fibres. We also evaluated the sensorial properties and made a correlation between acidity and sensorial properties. All the data taken for the grinded Turkish coffee have shown that the level of humidity ranged from 1.6 to 3.5%. The ash from 4.01-4.68 %, acidity from 0.7-0.95%, protein from 14-16.7%, carbohydrates from 44.5-69.56%, coffee oil from 13.8-15.76% and fibers from 31.85-34.56%. A correlation was found between the level of acidity and the diagram of sensorial properties.
Preparation of biocompatible nanobubbles carrying quercetin and their inhibitory effects on non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Dalghi Erfaneh , Shahsavarani Hosein , Reza Ghalamboran Mohammad , Shaghaghi Behrad , Nikkam Nader
Published: February 2024

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), major lung cancer is currently considered one of the leading causes of mortality and has become a progressively serious global public health burden. However, the conventional drug delivery approaches were unable to efficiently inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Exploiting Nanobubbles (NBs) as a novel drug delivery system has recently a research hotspot mainly due to their outstanding characteristics such as small size, biosafety and competent drug-transporting ability. The present study aimed to establish a novel biocompatible approach for Nanobubble constructions by the water-in-oil method and loading quercetin inside the obtained micelles. Dextran coating was used for more stability of NBs and the effectiveness of drug delivery to A549 NSCLC and HeLa cells was evaluated. Ultrasound waves were used to stimulate the Nano bubble to release the drug. The approximate size of NBs was 0.149 nm that reach by dynamic light scattering dominantly with a spherical shape visualized by TEM. Excellent drug-loading capacity and ultrasound-mediated release of quercetin were confirmed by a UV spectrophotometer with an absorption of about 1.6. NBs efficiently inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in a concentration-dependent manner as well as the capability to achieve ultrasound enhancement. This experiment showed that obtained NBs effectively delivered quercetin into lung cancer cells promoted by ultrasound irradiation. In conclusion, proposed biocompatible quercetin-loaded NBs are suitable for ultrasound-targeted drug delivery and are thus a promising strategy for their noninvasive clinical application.
16S rRNA genes developed a baseline of the microbial community associated with soil, water, fish and shellfishes in the sundarbans of Bangladesh
Authors: Mer Mosharraf Hossain Md. , Mojumdar Shoumik , Farjana Nawshin , Saiful Islam Md , Raihan Md Abu , Anisur Rahman Md. , Aminur Rahman M.
Published: February 2024

The microbial environment of the Sundarbans mangrove forest contains sediments and water usually more diverse than the other aquatic environment, and pathogenic for finfish and shellfishes will be revealed by phylogenetic tree analysis of the positive controls PCR product. Approximately, 21 samples of the soil, 21 samples of water, 21 samples of fish, and shellfishes are dominated by typical mangrove habitats surrounded by Sathkhira, Khulna, and Bagherhat have been covered. The bio-physiochemical test was carried out after isolation and culture of the microorganisms from soil, water, fish & shellfishes. Initially, the bio-physiochemical and molecular survey tools were used to finally screen 63 samples, which were used for the genomic DNA extraction, and the accurate quantitative and qualitative estimation of the extracted DNA was confirmed by Nano-drop. Finally, 12 samples were confirmed using Nano-drop calibration for PCR amplification and UV-translumination. The allelic and loci variation, genetic diversity, heterozygosity, PIC, genetic distance, and similarity within the genotypes (samples) were examined. This research technique is a rapid and effective tool for diversity assessment; this result might be helpful to the development of a genetic baseline of the pathogenic bacterial and viral community in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh to control the diseases of fish and shellfishes in mangrove regions.
Identification and antimicrobial sensitivity profiling of bacteria isolated from cultured catfish shing (Heteropneustes fossilis)
Authors: Islam Nahidul , Choudhury Moumita , Sadiqur Rahman Md. , Jamadul Islam Md. , Anisur Rahman M. , Aminur Rahman M.
Published: February 2024

The cultivated species of catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), also known as "Shing" has a delectable flavor, a high market value, a high nutritional and therapeutic value, and a high iron and calcium content. In Bangladesh, the shing (H. fossilis) fish is one of the most sought-after, popular, and extremely valuable indigenous species. The purpose of this research was to isolate bacterial pathogens from infected shing (H. fossilis) fish and determine their antibiotic sensitivity. In total, 76 medically infected shing fish were collected by the cultivators from their own ponds in the Jashore district, in southern Bangladesh. Disease-causing bacteria were found in 62 (81.5%) of the infected fish, while normal flora were found in 14 (18.5%) of the 76 samples. There were 62 pathogenic bacterial isolates found, and Aeromona spp., Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus spp., Flavobacterium spp. and Vibrio spp. were the main causes of disease in the sick fish. Among the species of bacteria that were isolated, the prevalence of the largest pathogens, Aeromonas spp. was 34 (51.4%) and the prevalence of the second largest, Pseudomonas spp. was 13 (20.3%). The other isolates were comprised of the following species: Streptococcus spp. 9 (9.4%), Flavobacterium spp. 4 (5.4%) and Vibrio spp. 2 (4.1%). The farming of shing (H. fossilis) fish has been increased rapidly all around the country. Therefore, bacterial infections may reduce the production of fish in ponds. In this research, bacterial strains showed a high degree of sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (77%) and levofloxacin (54%). Significantly, oxytetracycline (52%) enrofloxacin (45%) and erythromycin (45%) were the intermediate/moderate sensitive antibiotics. All the strains were found to be resistant to amoxicillin 57/62 (92%) and neomycin 42/62 (68%). The findings of this research will be beneficial to fish farmers in the treatment of bacterial infections in fish, as these diseases are caused by microorganisms. The PCR method might be studied further as a means of identifying all bacterial cultures, which would require additional research.
Lærerstuderendes arbejde med didaktisk modellering
Authors: Nielsen Birgitte Lund , Wiskerchen Mikkel , Hansen Birte Debel
Published: February 2024

Med afsæt i begreberne pædagogisk øvelse og didaktisk modellering analyseres en case, hvor lærerstuderende i campusundervisningen har arbejdet med at konstruere didaktiske planlægningsmodeller. Undersøgelsen har praksisteoretisk reference både i forskningstilgang og som epistemologisk forståelse af professionelles læring. Metodisk er det et casestudie med gruppeinterview analyseret gennem refleksiv tematisk analyse. Analysen viser, at 1) det giver både udfordringer og muligheder at blive kastet ud i modelleringsopgaven, 2) de lærerstuderende bringer deres første praktikobservationer fra skolens arena i spil, 3) de oplever, at dette er en anderledes tilgang, som kaldes mere kreativ, og 4) opgaven bidrager til en begyndende didaktisk modelleringstænkning. Øvelsen med didaktisk modellering fungerer således som en generator for didaktisk refleksion. Kvalitet fremstår gennem de lærerstuderendes dedikation til opgaven som professionelle, og deres demonstration af didaktisk forståelse, hvor de argumenterer for egne modeller og diskuterer andres fx med reference til elevernes lyst til læring og fordybelse.
Kvalitetssikring af læreruddannelsens Third Mission
Authors: Bendixen Carsten , Jacobsen Jens Christian
Published: February 2024

De videregående uddannelser er blevet kritiseret for kun at fokusere på uddannelse og forskning, og der er rejst krav om en Third Mission (TM): at læreanstalterne også ’bidrager til samfundet’ (Compagnucci & Spigarelli, 2020). Men hvordan vurdere TM-kvalitet? Akkreditering ser udelukkende efter kvantitativ compliance mellem indsats og effekt (Bendixen & Jacobsen, 2017; 2019; 2022). Vi vil undersøge, hvordan den kommende læreruddannelses TM kan kvalitetsbedømmes ud fra mere dynamiske kvalitetskriterier, som vi efter Pinheiro et al. (2017) har valgt at kalde for en uddannelses samfundsresonans. I denne artikel vil vi (a) gennemføre en historisk dokumentanalyse af, hvorvidt den aktuelle institutionsakkreditering 2.0 indfanger ovennævnte TM-kvaliteter, (b) beskrive TM i den ny læreruddannelse ud fra Bekendtgørelsen (BEK 374, 2023) og (c) give eksempler på, hvordan man løbende kan kvalitetsbedømme TM i den kommende læreruddannelse. Til gavn for uddannelse og aftagerfelt.
Overcoming the consequences of crop failures and helping victims of famine in the Penza province in the 1860s-1890s.
Authors: Kondalova Natalia
Published: February 2024

Despite the increased scientific interest in the problem of famine and food security in the Russian Empire in recent years, the topic remains poorly studied on the materials of the Penza province. The subject of the study is the main activities of the authorities and the public in the fight against famine and its consequences in the Penza province in the 1860s and 1890s. The purpose of the work is to identify the effectiveness of a system of local measures aimed at overcoming the consequences of crop failures and helping the hungry. The principles of historicism and objectivity, methods of grouping and generalizing statistical information, system, functional and comparative analysis were used as a methodological basis. According to the provisions of the socio-natural theory of E. S. Kulpin-Gubaidullin, the genesis of the crises of society is considered in the relationship and interdependence with the crises of nature. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is that new information about the causes of crop failures and famine, as well as specific measures taken by the authorities and society to provide assistance to the affected population, has been introduced and analyzed. Based on the analysis of archival and literary sources, the state and public forms of assistance to victims of famine are systematized, the joint contribution of government agencies and zemstvo self-government bodies to overcoming the consequences of crop failures is determined. The main conclusion of the study is that the local security system had limited damage compensation capabilities and needed extraordinary government support. It can be argued that the implementation of local measures together with general imperial ones turned out to be generally effective: mass starvation deaths in the Penza province were not recorded in any of the lean years.
Grigory Zinoviev: the torments and tosses of the oppositionist (1927-1934)
Authors: Orchakova Larisa Gennad'evna , Sinin Evgenii Yurevich
Published: February 2024

The subject of the article is the political behavior of one of Stalin's greatest opponents, Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev, in the period between his first expulsion from the party at the end of 1927 and his arrest on charges of Kirov's murder in December 1934. Zinoviev's letters, speeches and statements to the party leadership are analyzed, through which he tried to achieve the main goal of returning to the party and to political activity. It is established that Zinoviev has an internal struggle between public speaking and maintaining his own political attitudes. These "torments" and "tosses" caused distrust of Zinoviev from the party leaders and led the hero first to a psychological breakdown, and then to political death. The materialistic concept (in particular, historical determinism) is used as a tool. The method of psychohistory is also used to analyze the inner world of a politician and the motivation of his actions. An analysis of Zinoviev's activities as a vivid example of the political behavior of a communist oppositionist allows us to draw the following conclusions: 1) Zinoviev's behavior during the period under review was determined by his return to the party, preferably to a leadership job. The basis for achieving the goal was the recognition of the impossibility of further opposition struggle, which could lead to a split of the CPSU(b), as well as general agreement with the policy of collectivization and industrialization that had begun; 2) The content of Zinoviev's appeals to various governing bodies, including I. V. Stalin, changed according to the situation inside the party leadership. 3) The calculation was not just to return to the party and to the leadership, but to take part on Stalin's side in the fight against Bukharin. The party leadership saw this and used it for psychological breakdown. 4) It is incorrect to consider Zinoviev's political behavior as a classic "double-dealing". He did not conduct anti-party work and did not reject the foundations of the party line. But his behavior led at the end of 1932 to a psychological breakdown and a rejection of his own political self. Finally, Zinoviev's "torments" and "throwing" stopped at the end of 1934. He died as a politician. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the very formulation of the question, the introduction of unpublished Zinoviev documents into scientific circulation, consideration through one of the leaders of the party and the oppositionist of the mechanism of strengthening Stalin's personality.
Human Resources Management Impact on College Education Quality
Authors: Vrba Jan
Published: February 2024

The role of human resource management (HRM) in forming the educational environment and ensuring excellence at higher education institutions is great. In German universities and organizations, HRM practices are adopted to measure performance of teaching with respect to student outcomes. The research questions impact of HRM on quality education and roadblocks found while implementing for improvements. HRM’s pivotal role in raising the standards of education and its singularity as people-centeredness aspects in educational institutions when presented by a literature review. The methodology used is a descriptive qualitative study which describes the understanding by College administrators in regard to Human Resource Management and related programs. The study includes a literature review of HRM practices in higher institutions. The findings uncover difficulties in teacher recruitment and retention but highlight the role of HRM practices, including faculty development programs, mentorship initiatives, or thorough support to academic staff members when it comes to ensuring education quality. The limitations are the poor teacher training and motivations of teachers to deliver good quality education, as well as poverty statements or socioeconomic statuses on which students come from. Among the suggestions, there are filling talent gaps, increasing work process effectiveness and its smoother continuity on a long-term basis by enhancing efficiency in staff knowledge issues as well as closer cooperation between faculties and HR departments. With all this information, it is possible to conclude that HR planning for analyzing tasks, costs and workforce requirements are necessary in promoting the functions of educational institutions towards achieving academic goals.
The Child with a Large Head: Cranial Computed Tomography Findings in 123 Nigerian Children with Macrocephaly
Authors: Itanyi Ukamaka D. , Momodu Habiba , Aiyekomogbon Joshua O. , Kolade-Yunusa Hadijat O. , Yaro Ibrahim A. , Aruah Chinedu S.
Published: February 2024

Objectives: Differentiation of benign macrocephaly from other etiologies that may require prompt evaluation and intervention is very necessary to prevent long term neurological deficits. Cross-sectional imaging of the brain with Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is recommended in evaluation of such patients.  In resource poor-settings, CT is more readily available, hence the objective in this study is to evaluate the spectrum of CT findings in children with macrocephaly in our locality and document the possible etiologic factors that are amenable to surgical intervention.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients with clinical diagnosis of large head/macrocephaly who were evaluated with cranial CT in a tertiary hospital in Abuja from January 2018- June 2022. SAS software (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA) version 9.4 was used for database management and analysis with P≤ 0.05 level of significance.

Results: One hundred and twenty three children were included in the study with ages ranging from 2 days to 4 years.  Majority of the children were males, 74 (60.2%). The predominant age group at presentation was between 0 to 6 months,78 (63.4%). Hydrocephalus was the main cause of macrocephaly in 110 patients (89.4%). Congenital hydrocephalus was predominant in 81 children (73.6%). Communicating hydrocephalus was noted in 44 children (40%) while 62 (56.4%) were non-communicating. The commonest level of obstruction was at the aqueduct of Sylvius and exit foramina in 22 (35.5%) patients each. There was no significant statistical difference between the genders(P=0.920).

Conclusion: CT is a veritable tool in the evaluation of the child with a large head with an appreciable number of surgically amenable pathologies noted. Hydrocephalus is the commonest etiology of macrocephaly in our environment with the majority of the cases due to congenital abnormalities.
Potential of Native Microflora of Banana, Chili and Garlic Intercropping System for Bio-control of Rhizoctonia solani Causing Root Rot of Chili
Authors: Kumari Anupam , Jha P. K. , Sen Anamita
Published: February 2024

Root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious problem in chili pepper production, leading to significant crop loss and reduced yield. The chemical control method for controlling this soil borne disease is not preferred due environmental concerns and harmful effect on beneficial soil microflora. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for safer and sustainable approaches. In the present investigation which was conducted in laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar during the year 2021-23, the microflora isolated from the rhizosphere of Banana+Chili+Garlic intercropping system  were evaluated for their effectiveness against Rhizoctonia solani causing  root rot in Chili. In course of study the isolates of Trichoderma and Bacillus significantly reduced the radial growth of Rhizoctonia solani. The maximum growth inhibition was recorded by the Trichoderma isolate - GITr5 causing 71.40 % inhibition of the pathogen growth. This was followed by CITr4 with 67.41% and BITr1 with 62.86 %inhibition of the pathogen. Among the bacterial isolates, The isolate CIRB1 was found to inhibit the target pathogen by 71.22% followed by BIRB8 causing 66.92% inhibition of the pathogen.
Solar-Powered Winnower for Resource Use Efficiency and Sustainable Agricultural Development
Authors: Modi V. M. , Gora Alok , Sanchavat H. , Desai N. N. , Dobariya U. D. , Chavda D. B. , Maheta V. M.
Published: February 2024

Winnowing is an age-old agricultural practice that involves separating grain from impurities such as chaff, straw, and husk. The traditional method of using shovels and a sieve to allow the dried grains to fall from a height is time-consuming, uncomfortable, and requires significant manual labour.To overcome this problem developed solar photovoltaic powered winnower was developed and evaluated. The performance evaluation of the winnower was conducted  for wheat at feed rates  were 110 kg/h, 130 kg/h, 150 kg/h, 170 kg/h, and 190 kg/h, while for pearl millet, they were 480 kg/h, 520 kg/h, 560 kg/h, 600 kg/h, and 640 kg/h. 110 kg/h feed rate was found to be the most suitable for wheat as it resulted in the highest cleaning efficiency of 95.86%, with the lowest grain loss of 0.36% and operating cost of 0.83 ₹/kg. After conducting various tests for pearl millet, it was determined that a feed rate of 480 kg/h was the most suitable. This rate resulted in the best cleaning efficiency of 96.17%, the lowest blow of grain at 0.67%,. The total cost of the Solar Powered Winnower was ₹ 56515.
Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene succinate) composites with a twice functionalized organoclay
Authors: Chen Guang‐Xin , Yoon Jin‐San
Published: February 2005

Composites of poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) with an organophilic clay having a special functional group, namely twice functionalized organoclay (TFC), were prepared. TFC was produced by treating the commercially available organoclay (Cloisite25A) (C25A) with (glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane (GPS). The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of neat PBS and PBS/clay composites were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nonisothermal crystallization process of PBS, PBS/TFC, and PBS/C25A composites could be represented by the Avrami equation modified by Jeziorny1 and the method developed by Liu et al.2 The crystallization rate decreased in the order of PBS/TFC> PBS/C25A> neat PBS at a given cooling rate. TFC exhibited higher nucleation activity than C25A for the crystallization of PBS. The activation energies of the crystallization estimated by the Kissinger method were 154.4, 128.2, and 107.5 kJ/mol for PBS, PBS/C25A, and PBS/TFC, respectively. The facilitated crystallization of PBS in the presence of TFC was attributed to the nucleation effect of the well dispersed TFC layers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 817–826, 2005
Multi‐cell continuum approximation for discrete medium with microscopic rotations
Authors: Dmitriev S. V. , Vasiliev A. A. , Yoshikawa N. , Shigenari T. , Ishibashi Y.
Published: February 2005

We consider 1D and 2D microscopic models for crystals having finite size particles, as is the case with many dielectric crystals. Finite size particles with rotational degrees of freedom can lead to several unusual effects exhibited by such crystals, e.g., a negative Poisson's ratio, incommensurate phase, and unique properties of topological defects. Derivation of the continuum approximations for these models leads to two developments: i) micropolar media, i.e., the continuum analog to the microscopic model with particles having rotational degrees of freedom; ii) the continuum approximation based on an extended periodic cell, which will be called the multi‐cell approximation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Indicators as a means of communicating knowledge
Authors: Degnbol Poul
Published: February 2005

Indicators represent the link between objectives and action in management. The identification of ecosystem indicators must therefore be embedded in the decision-making process. Fisheries management can only be effective if the measures are considered legitimate by stakeholders. The choice of indicators to guide management should not be evaluated from a technical perspective alone, but also in relation to their effectiveness in communicating knowledge. More specifically, indicators should serve as a communication bridge between different knowledge discourses. Reference is often made to “local ecological knowledge” as a source that should be integrated in the process for management to be legitimate. However, while extensive studies have been made on local ecological knowledge per se, few have addressed the issue of its integration into co-management institutions with research-based knowledge. The challenge is consequently to identify indicators that have both research-based validity and reflect features that correspond to stakeholder knowledge, while relating to shared understandings of objectives and actions. This challenge is discussed from a developing-countries perspective. Problems and possible ways forward are illustrated on the basis of experiences from a range of case studies of knowledge discourses regarding living aquatic resources in southeast Asia and southern Africa. The studies have shown that the different knowledge discourses, and candidate indicators therein, relating to a specific ecosystem may be identified and characterized. Often, however, such indicators will have very little in common across knowledge discourses, and the differences cannot be overcome through a simple translation process. The perspectives of formal research-based knowledge and of fishers differ systemically, reflecting the different interests and scales of observation between the two parties. Also, fishers focus on a wider agenda than research alone, on allocation problems and conflicts among users. Allocation/access issues must therefore be addressed as an integral aspect of an ecosystem approach if management is to be effective.