bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrition-immune-inflammation score (NIIS) plays an important role in the prognosis of postoperative external auditory canal carcinoma patients
Authors: Cheng Hao , Xu Jin-Hong , Li Yi-Hao , Wang Jing-Jing , Hao Meng-Di , He Jia-Qi , Xu Xue-Lian
Published: December 2023

Background
External auditory canal carcinoma (EACC) was a rare malignant tumor. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the comprehensive index of nutrition-immune-inflammation score (NIIS) on the prognosis of EACC patients with surgical resection.
Methods
A total of 45 EACC patients with surgical resection were selected from two tertiary medical institutions, and were diagnosed between July 2012 and May 2018. NIIS was calculated by integrating the values of body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocytes, albumin, and hemoglobin. The relationship between NIIS and prognosis was analyzed by a Log-rank test and displayed by Kaplan-Meier plot.
Result
The 3- and 5-year survival rate for EACC patients with surgical resection were 70.7%, 61.3% for OS, and 55.6%, 51.1% for PFS, respectively. Most patients with EACC have a nutrition-immune-inflammation score (NIIS) of 4–5 (44.4%). EACC patients with a high score of NIIS tend to have poorer OS (P = 0.001) and PFS (P < 0.001) in comparison with a low score of NIIS. Only a small minority of patients with EACC accept adjuvant radiotherapy (37.8%), and adjuvant chemotherapy (15.6%). Adjuvant radiotherapy had benefit in improving the OS for EACC patients with surgical resection (P = 0.027). However, the adjuvant treatment had no benefit for PFS in postoperative EACC patients (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
NIIS is an important predictor for predicting the prognosis of EACC patients with surgical resection. Adjuvant radiotherapy was recommended in the application of EACC patients with surgical resection, but not adjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings would have a vital effect on treatment choice and clinical management for both EACC patients and clinicians.
Multi-Threshold Image Segmentation Research Based on Improved Enhanced Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Li Hanyu , Zhu Xiaoliang , Li Mengkun , Yang Ziwei , Wen Mengke
Published: December 2023

To address the disadvantages of low efficiency, slow convergence speed and easy to fall into local optimal of arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA), this paper proposes an improved arithmetic optimization algorithm, called IAOA, and applies it to multi-threshold image segmentation processing. Compared with the original algorithm, the improvements are: first, inertia weight and cosine factor are introduced to AOA to enhance algorithm stability; then chaotic mapping is embedded in the algorithm selection stage to accelerate convergence speed; finally, Cauchy mutation and reverse learning strategies are introduced to avoid the algorithm falling into local optimal. This paper uses 23 benchmark functions in CEC-2005 to test the performance of the IAOA, and selects 8 commonly used image segmentation performance indicators and 3 image quality indicators to detect the image segmentation effect of the IAOA. In addition, several classic metaheuristic algorithms are selected for comparison. The results show that compared with other algorithms, the IAOA has stronger robustness and better segmentation performance.
Characteristics of early gastric cancer in a previous Helicobacter pylori infection with no history of eradication therapy
Authors: Kuraoka Sakiko , Kawano Seiji , Ino Shoko , Satomi Takuya , Hamada Kenta , Kono Yoshiyasu , Iwamuro Masaya , Kawahara Yoshiro , Tanaka Takehiro , Okada Hiroyuki , Otsuka Motoyuki
Published: December 2023

Background
The characteristics of gastric cancer in patients with atrophic mucosa without apparent history of Helicobacter pylori eradication have not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, this study aims to examine the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer in these patients.
Methods
We examined endoscopic and pathological characteristics of gastric cancer in two groups of patients: those with gastric atrophy and no history of eradication (group A; n = 102) and those with a history of eradication (group B; n = 161). In group A, patients were further divided in terms of mild atrophy (group C) and severe atrophy (group D), while group B was further divided into those who underwent eradication treatment > 5 years ago (group E) and those who underwent eradication 1–5 years ago (group F).
Results
Group A comprised significantly older individuals (76 ± 8.2 vs. 71 ± 7.4 years, p < 0.001) with a higher frequency of elevated-type gastric cancer than that of patients in group B (32.4% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.006). Compared with group E, group A showed an older age and a greater incidence of elevated-type gastric cancer. The incidence of gastric cancer in U or M region was lower in group C than in group D.
Conclusions
Gastric cancer in patients with gastric atrophy and no history of eradication was associated with older age and a higher frequency of the elevated-type morphology than in those with a history of eradication. Endoscopists should be vigilant in detecting elevated-type gastric cancer in this particular population.
Efficiency Analysis of Discontinuous Galerkin Approaches for the Application Onto Quantum-Liouville Type Equations
Authors: Ganiu Valmir , Schulz Dirk
Published: December 2023

The simulation of nano devices is computationally inefficient with current algorithms. The discontinuous Galerkin approach has been demonstrated in the field of computational fluid dynamics to deliver high order accuracy and efficiency due to its reliance on matrix-vector multiplications. The discontinuous Galerkin approach was previously successfully used in conjunction with the Finite Volume technique to solve the Liouville-von Neumann equation in center-mass coordinates and thus simulate nano devices. To exploit its full potential regarding high performance computing, this work aims to substitute the aforementioned Finite Volume technique with the discontinuous Galerkin method. To arrive at the said formalism, a Finite Element method is implemented as an intermediate step.
Comparison and Optimization of Two Methods for Retinal Examination in Premature Infants
Authors: Liu Tian , Chen Wensi , Xiang Daoman
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To analyze and compare the clinical performance of Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope (BIO) and Wide-Field Fundus Imaging System (Retcam) in diagnosing Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), summarized the advantages and disadvantages of each method and proposed an optimization strategy.
Patients and Methods: A retrospective case study was conducted on preterm infants screened for ROP in the outpatient and inpatient from 2020 to 2021. Two ophthalmologists performed BIO and Retcam3 fundus examination, and the examinationers recorded the clinical diagnosis respectively. Then three experts combined the BIO and Retcam results to give the definite diagnosis as the gold standard in this study. The main outcomes of diagnostic effectiveness were compared between these two methods and gold standard in the zone, stage, plus disease and lesion range in ROP.
Results: A total of 796 eyes of 398 preterm infants (mean weight 1323.8g, mean gestational age 29.8 weeks) were enrolled for both BIO and Retcam fundus examination. BIO and Retcam had high effectiveness in evaluating ROP in zones, stages and presence or absence of plus disease (all p > 0.05). The cases of misdiagnosis by Retcam was mainly located in zone III stage 1. Compared with gold standard, BIO was slightly less effective in accurately locating the lesion range (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Although BIO and Retcam had shown high diagnostic effectiveness in clinical performance, they had their respective shortcomings. BIO was limited by the visual field area when diagnosing lesion range, while Retcam sometimes lacks clarity or stereo sense in fundus examination images in evaluating the stage and presence of plus disease. In addition, we confirmed the feasibility of combining the results of BIO and Retcam for the clinical diagnosis of ROP, and provided a way to consider the characteristics of the two methods comprehensively and optimize the selection according to the actual clinical situation.
Evaluation of ABO Blood Groups System with Infection to Hepatitis C Virus: A Tertiary Hospital Study in India
Authors: Manasa Kavi , Pattnaik Gurudutta , Rao Y. Madhusudan , Behera Sarat Kumar , Behera Amulyaratna
Published: December 2023

People with certain blood groups and Rh positive are more prone to infections transmitted by blood transfusion. The aim of this research was to survey the accompaniment of ABO Blood Group System and Rh type with infection to hepatitis C virus in India. This was a retrospective study in patients during October 2019-March 2022 in India. The population of blood donors was tested for blood borne infections, including HCV. Logistic regression was used and collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.16. A total number of 901 people referred to the organization for donating blood during aforementioned years. Of these, 224 people had a history of hepatitis C disease, including 189 unmarried persons and the rest were married. 167 individuals were males and 57 individuals were females. People who had viral diseases were comprised of 76 persons with negative Rh and 148 positive persons with Rh. Future aims should include studies into blood groups and Rh types, according to the results of this study, in order to avoid the spread of blood-borne infections. Furthermore, further study is needed to establish the particular blood kinds that provide an elevated danger for classified donors.
Global Trends in the Research and Development of Petrochemical Waste Gas from 1981 to 2022
Authors: Wu Mengting , Liu Wei , Ma Zhifei , Qin Tian , Chen Zhiqin , Zhang Yalan , Cao Ning , Xie Xianchuan , Chi Sunlin , Xu Jinying , Qi Yi
Published: December 2023

As a highly energy-intensive and carbon-emitting industry with significant emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the petroleum and chemical industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse effect and ozone layer destruction. Improper treatment of petrochemical waste gas (PWG) seriously harms human health and the natural environment. This study uses CiteSpace and VOSviewer to conduct a scientometric analysis of 1384 scholarly works on PWG and carbon sequestration published between 1981 and 2022, revealing the basic characteristics, knowledge base, research topic evolution, and research hotspots of the field. The results show: 1) In the early stages of the petrochemical industry, it was combustion flue gas, not process tail gas or plant leakage waste gas, that was given the top priority in PWG research. 2) Later, researchers studied the emission model of PWG (such as VOCs) and the treatment and recovery technology of PWG (condensation, pyrolysis, membrane separation, and adsorption methods). Pyrolysis is one of the main treatment methods for PWG at present, but insufficient combustion may lead to secondary pollution. 3) In recent years, research has centered on using new energy to replace fossil energy to reduce the PWG and carbon emissions of the petrochemical industry in the context of the Paris Agreement, and the number of publications related to this topic has increased rapidly. The results of our analysis can provide funding agencies and research groups with information to better understand the global trends and directions that have emerged in this field from 1981 to 2022 and serve as a reference for future research.
Transnational Inequities in Cardiovascular Diseases from 1990 to 2019：exploration based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Hu Ben , Feng Jun , Wang Yuhui , Hou Linlin , Fan Yinguang
Published: December 2023

Background: To describe the burden and examine transnational inequities in overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) and ten specific CVDs across different levels of societal development.
Methods: Estimates of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for each disease and their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD). Inequalities in the distribution of CVD burdens were quantified using two standard metrics, including the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Concentration Index.
Results: Between 1990 and 2019, there was a varied age and gender distribution of cases and rates of DALYs for global CVD. For overall CVD, the SII changed from 3760.40 (95% CI: 3758.26 to 3756.53) in 1990 to 3400.38 (95% CI: 3398.64 to 3402.13) in 2019. For ischemic heart disease, it shifted from 2833.18 (95% CI: 2831.67 to 2834.69) in 1990 to 1560.28 (95% CI: 1559.07 to 1561.48) in 2019. Regarding endocarditis, the figures shifted from -4.50 (95% CI: -4.64 to -4.36) in 1990 to 16.00 (95% CI: 15.88 to 16.12) in 2019. As for rheumatic heart disease, the data transitioned from -345.95 (95% CI: (-346.47 to -345.42)) in 1990 to -204.34 (95% CI: -204.67 to -204.01) in 2019. Moreover, the Concentration Index for overall CVD and each specific type also varied from 1990 to 2019.
Conclusions: There's significant heterogeneity in the global DALYs case and rate distribution by age and gender for ten specific CVDs. Countries with higher levels of societal development bear the brunt of the CVD burden, with the extent of inequality intensifying over time.
A Transfer Learning-Based Deep Learning Model for Automated Breast Cancer Identification in Mammograms
Authors: katiyar preeti
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer is a severe health issue that affects women all over the world, underscoring the need for reliable and effective screening techniques. The early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer are made possible by computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems that rely on mammograms. This study introduces a unique deep-learning model that uses transfer learning to identify and categorize breast cancer automatically. Deep convolutional neural networks have been shown in several recent studies to diagnose breast cancer in mammograms with performance comparable to or even outperforming that of human experts. In order to extract features from the dataset from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS), the proposed model uses pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures like ResNet50 and Visual Geometry Group networks (VGG)-16. This novel deep-learning model holds significant potential for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of breast cancer detection and classification.
Seroconversion and prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen among vaccinated health care workers in Ashanti Region, Ghana
Authors: Obeng Michael Agyemang , Okwan Daniel Kobina , Adankwah Ernest , Owusu Pisco Kofi , Gyamerah Samuel Asante , Duah Kluivert Boakye , Painstil Ellis Kobina
Published: December 2023

Background
Health care workers (HCWs) constantly stand a high risk of exposure to the hepatitis B virus because of the nature of their work. Hence, it is mandatory for HCWs to undergo hepatitis B vaccination. However, most HCWs in Ghana do not check their HBsAb titre after completion of their primary vaccination. This study assessed the prevalence of HBsAg and the seroconversion rate among vaccinated health care workers in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.
Materials and methods
A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was pretested and administered to 424 HCWs. Two (2) ml of blood was drawn and qualitative analyses (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb) were done on the blood samples. Samples that tested positive to HBsAb were quantified using ELISA. Data obtained were analysed using GraphPad Prism 9.
Results
Out of the 424 study participants, 271 (63.9%) were females and 153 (36.1%) were males. Seroconversion (≥ 1 mIU/mL) and seroprotection (≥ 10 mIU/mL) through vaccination only among study participants were 67.5% (n/N = 286/424) and 58.0% (n/N = 246/424) respectively. Prevalence of hepatitis B viral infection was 2.4% (n/N = 10/424). Anti-HBc sero-positivity was 13.2% and anti-HBs seronegativity was 24.1%. 2.4% (n/N = 10/424) of study participants were negative to HBsAg but positive to HBcAb. Additional 8.5% (n/N = 36/424) of the study participants were seroprotected due to exposure and recovery from previous HBV infection. Age, the number of doses received, taking a booster dose and keeping a vaccination record card were significant factors influencing seroconversion status.
Conclusion
This study reaffirms the need for HCWs to undergo a supervised primary hepatitis B vaccination course. Post-vaccination serological testing should be done for all HWCs to confirm immunity and to reduce their chances of contracting HBV infection.
Indicadores de sustentabilidade na economia do mar: Uma análise bibliométrica para o desenvolvimento sustentável marinho
Authors: Nobre Francisca Érica Cardoso , Carvalho Nicole Stephanie Florentino de Sousa , Fontenele Raimundo Eduardo Silveira , De Oliveira Vládia Pinto Vidal , Frota Antônio Jackson Alcântara
Published: December 2023

O estudo da relação entre a economia do mar e indicadores de sustentabilidade é fundamental para monitorar o conhecimento atual, suas contribuições e lacunas. Essa abordagem pode gerar reflexões e mitigar a degradação ambiental e os limites dos ecossistemas marinhos. Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar a produção científica nacional e internacional que trabalha a relação entre a economia do mar e sustentabilidade, a partir da utilização de indicadores, tecendo uma análise crítica para o alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável marinho. A pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem descritivo-exploratória e o método bibliométrico, examinando a produção científica entre 2003 e 2023 por meio da plataforma Web of Science (CAPES) e do software VOSviewer. Um dos principais resultados verificados foi a predominância da dimensão econômica em detrimento das demais dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável marinho. Isso sugere que os aspectos econômicos são frequentemente priorizados em relação aos aspectos sociais e ambientais, o que compromete a eficácia das estratégias de sustentabilidade. Conclui-se que é necessário superar essa ênfase na dimensão econômica e promover pesquisas que considerem todas as dimensões relevantes, incluindo aspectos sociais e ambientais. Além disso, é essencial incluir as comunidades afetadas e estimular a produção científica brasileira nesse campo. Somente assim será possível avançar em direção a um desenvolvimento sustentável dos recursos marinhos, equilibrando todas as suas dimensões.
As exportações brasileiras à luz da economia política internacional: tensões e oportunidades
Authors: Da Silveira Daniel Claudy , Allebrandt Sérgio Luís , Sczmanski Andrei Cossetin Sczmanski , Biagini Diones da Silveira
Published: December 2023

Este estudo teve como meta analisar as barreiras sanitárias e fitossanitárias sobre os volumes das exportações de carne bovina brasileira sob a luz da economia política mundial. Neste sentido elencou-se um resgate aos pensadores clássicos da economia sob a ótica da economia política para o crescimento da agricultura, as barreiras não-tarifárias e o seu histórico, bem como sua conceituação, as medidas do acordo sanitário e fitossanitário (SPS) e a evolução da produção e do comércio de carne bovina no Brasil. Como resultado, constatou-se que no período analisado a imposição de barreiras sanitárias e fitossanitárias não reduziu a competitividade brasileira nas exportações de carne bovina, visto que o país decorreu de alternativas para a manutenção de seu potencial e suas vantagens competitivas exportadoras. Deste modo é elencado o perfil organizacional do sistema produtivo, com abertura de novos mercados visando à compensação das restrições impostas por países em relação ao surgimento da febre aftosa no país.

Palavras-chave: Barreiras Não-tarifárias; Economia Política; Vantagens Competitivas; Exportações Brasileiras; Carne Bovina.
Teletrabalho, qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores e o desempenho econômico e financeiro das organizações
Authors: Moreira Monica Ferraz , Brizolla Maria Margarete Baccin Brizolla , Vieira Euselia Paveglio Vieira
Published: December 2023

A modalidade de trabalho remoto é um tema que vem crescendo nas discussões e tem sido abordada com bastante intensidade nos estudos acerca da temática. Após promulgação da Lei 13.467/2017 e Lei 14.442/2022 que promoveram alterações na CLT, o trabalho remoto passa a ser visto como um fator estratégico e de competitividade organizacional. O estudo está centrado no debate acerca da modalidade de trabalho realizada remotamente, utilizando recursos da tecnologia da informação e comunicação, denominada teletrabalho/home office e visa analisar como o teletrabalho afeta a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores e o desempenho econômico e financeiro das organizações. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, documental, estudo de caso e qualitativa. Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionário, documentos e entrevistas. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que a modalidade de trabalho remota reflete positivamente tanto na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores quanto no desempenho econômico e financeiro das organizações, na medida em que possui vantagens e desvantagens, e que bem equilibradas representam uma conquista tanto para empregados quanto para empresa. Vantagens: melhora da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores, diminuição do absenteísmo, menor estresse causados pelo trânsito aumento da motivação, redução do tempo despendido em deslocamentos, produtividade e redução de custos administrativos. Desvantagens: aumento nas despesas domésticas, tempo gasto para preparar as refeições e o possível impacto a saúde psicológica do trabalhador devido ao isolamento social que o teletrabalho pode proporcionar, caso não existiam medidas mitigadoras. Todavia é importante frisar que a modalidade de trabalho remota carrega alguns riscos como a fragilização e a precarização das relações de trabalho.
ALİ CANİP YÖNTEM’DE SELF ORYANTALİZMİN İZLERİ
Authors: SEZGİN TÜYLÜ Asiye , TATAR KIRILMIŞ İlknur
Published: December 2023

Batılı düşünürlerin ve araştırmacıların Doğu’yu bilmesi, elde ettikleri bilgiyi Doğu’nun belli kalıplar içinde tanıtılması oryantalizm olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Doğulu bir araştırmacının Doğu’ya Batılı bir perspektif ile bakması, Doğu’yu Batılı tanımlamalara göre kabul etmesi ve bu kabullere araştırma ve eserlerinde yer vermesi self oryantalizm olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Tanzimat ile başlayan Doğu-Batı ilişkileri üzerine fikir üretme çeşitli şair ve yazarların başat mevzularıdır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin zayıflaması, çöküşü ve yeni devletin kurulma süreçleri söz konusu şair ve yazarları medeniyetin konumlanması ve ileri medeniyetler seviyesine ulaşma ideali noktasında düşünmeye sevk etmiştir. Bu şair ve yazarlardan biri de 1900’lü yılların başında fikirleriyle edebiyat ve düşünce dünyasında yer alan Ali Canip Yöntem’dir. Batılılaşma taraftarı makale ve şiirlerinde Batı’yı gelişmişliğin ideali olarak tanımlarken self oryantalist söylem ile Doğu’yu geri kalan, sömürülmeye muhtaç ve aciz olarak resmetmiştir. Bu çalışmada Ali Canip Yöntem’in görüşleri self oryantalizm bağlamında ele alınarak metodoloji olarak oryantalizm kavramı etrafında geliştirilmiş kuramsal birikime müracaat edilmiştir.
Utilizing a knowledge-based training algorithm and time-domain extraction for pattern recognition in cylindrical features through vibration and sound signals
Authors: Dirhamsyah M. , Riza Hammam , Rizal M. Syamsu
Published: December 2023

This study presents a new solution to address challenges encountered in additive manufacturing, specifically in the context of 3D printing, where failures can occur due to complications associated with the nozzle or filament. The proposed solution in this research involves using a time-domain feature extraction method that leverages sound and vibration patterns. By implementing sensors to capture these signals in a controlled and noise-free environment, and then utilizing a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model trained accurately to predict upcoming signals and vibrations, proactive anticipation of printing outcomes is facilitated, including potential failures. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB for the MLP showcase the effectiveness of this approach, demonstrating remarkably low error rates. Furthermore, through rigorous data validation, the proposed method's ability to accurately identify sound and vibration signals is confirmed. As a result, the likelihood of failures is significantly reduced, thereby preventing defects in the filament. The implications of this solution hold great promise in substantially enhancing the reliability and efficiency of additive manufacturing processes.
The Reflection of Love in the Kurdish Novel
Authors: FİLİZ Mehmet Şirin
Published: December 2023

Love is one of the most important themes of literature. This is the main theme of stories such as Romeo and Juliet, Aucassin û Nicolette and Leyla and Majnun. However, many social, religious and philosophical problems are also discussed within the framework of the love story that these people experience. We can say something similar about Kurdish literature. In both classical and modern literature, the theme of love has been used as a tool for the expression of important problems. We can see a similar situation in the Kurdish novel. In this context, this study analyzes four kurdish novels whose main theme is love. These novels are Mehmet Uzun's Sîya Evînê, Helîm Yusiv’s Sobarto, Çîdem Baran's Li Peravê Torê Tora Evînê and Bextiyar Elî's Êvara Perwane. Although the main theme of Sîya Evînê is the love between Memdûh Selîm Beg and Feriha, the problematic of nationalism, colonialism in Sobarto, Kurdish identity in Li Peravê Torê Tora Evînê and the problem of subjectivity in Êvara Perwane are discussed. As a result, different political and social issues are discussed within the framework of the stories of the lovers.
Ideological and Structural Transformation of the Hindu Nationalist Organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh at the end of the XX and the beginning of XXI centuries
Authors: Vasilev Stanislav
Published: December 2023

The article examines the ideology of Hindu nationalism in the domestic politics of modern India through the prism of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh socio-political activities. The author determines the relations of the organization with its branches and mechanisms for regulating internal conflicts between them. The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze the ideological and structural transformation of the organization at the end of the XX and the beginning of XXI centuries, in particular, the strategy for the inclusion of Indian Muslims in the Hindu nationalist mainstream. The article uses descriptive, historical-genetic, chronological, comparative and structural-functional methods. The author analyses the development of Hindutva ideology in the works of V. D. Savarkar and M. S. Golvalkar; the campaigns for the rapprochement of the Hindu and Muslim communities conducted by the organization and its branches, as well as the structural and ideological transformations of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Sangh Parivar. The article pays particular attention to the attitude of Hindutva ideologues towards minorities, specifically Indian Muslims. At the end of the XX century significant political and economic changes in India contributed to the complication of Indian society, which affected both the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Sangh Parivar’s membership and ideological orientation. New branches have emerged to defend the interests of groups that were not previously in the orbit of the organization’s interests. At the same time, the successes of the Bharatiya Janata Party, the main political asset of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, and the desire to consolidate them prompted the search for additional electoral support from the Muslim part of the country’s population. The changes demonstrate the organization’s willingness to change both structurally and ideologically in order to gain mass support in changing India. However, despite the changes, some bias towards Indian Muslims and concerns about inclusion of new Muslim branches remain.
Foreign Policy Image of Estonia as a European Union Member State in the Context of Euroscepticism Strengthening
Authors: Tambi Sergey
Published: December 2023

The author explores the transformation of Estonia’s foreign policy image in the context of a systemic crisis. A significant strengthening of the Eurosceptic political camp in Estonia, destabilizing the Euro-optimistic reputation carefully formed since the country regained its independence in 1991, leads to the formation of a negative foreign policy image of Estonia both in Brussels and inside the state. The study examines the image policy of Estonia in the European Union. The purpose of the article is to study the transformation of Estonia’s foreign policy image as a European Union member during the strengthening of hard Euroscepticism in this state. The problems of Estonia’s image in Brussels are becoming increasingly relevant due to the presence of Eurosceptic Conservative People’s Party of Estonia in the government coalition in 2019–2021. A system-functional approach has been used to study Estonia’s foreign policy image as an integral system, which consists of a number of interconnected elements. The research uses the scientific method of system analysis, comparative method, which allowed to compare the foreign policy image of Estonia at different chronological stages; genetic method, which helped to investigate the genesis of the Estonia’s foreign policy image, reveal its content and show the stages of its transformation; case study method, which allowed to explore a self-sufficient and unique Estonian case. The research is based on the theory of image in international relations. In order to identify the elements that influence the formation of the modern foreign policy image of Estonia, the author uses the method of content analysis. As a result of Eurosceptics’ presence in the government coalition the positive image of the country in European Union underwent significant erosion and partial destruction.
A Ricardian Trade Structure in CGE: Modeling Eaton-Kortum Based Trade with GTAP
Authors: Bekkers Eddy , Corong Erwin , Francois Joseph , Rojas-Romagosa Hugo
Published: December 2023

We develop an Eaton-Kortum based calibrated computational model, incorporating the basic structure of the GTAP version 7 model and database. The underlying trade and associated gravity equations are modified from a standard Armington structure with love of variety by country of origin to an Eaton-Kortum structure with comparative advantage differences within sectors. We describe the theory and model code changes necessary for implementation. We also link the underlying theory to the appropriate estimating equations for gravity estimation of the trade parameters. As an application, we then compare the simulation results derived from GTAP-type models with both Armington and Eaton-Kortum specifications. The impact of trade policy experiments on real income is very similar with marginal differences being driven by the transportation sector. The terms of trade impact of tariffs is not uniformly larger in Eaton-Kortum relative to the Armington specification. Finally, the impact of trade cost changes on the volume of trade is smaller in the Eaton-Kortum specification than in the Armington specification due to the identical-price-by-source-country property in the former.
Estimation of the value-added/intermediate input substitution elasticities consistent with the GTAP data
Authors: Ivanic Maros , Beckman Jayson , J. Nava Noe
Published: December 2023

Elasticities are often a combination of expert decisions and literature estimates—many of which are outdated. Recent efforts focus on estimating new estimates for some of the most commonly used elasticities (e.g., the Armington elasticity in models of trade); however, several elasticities still have little empirical basis. The elasticity of substitution between intermediate inputs and value-added is one example, but this elasticity is quite important as it governs producers’ production regimes across sectors and regions reflecting their level of efficiency. We examine and estimate this elasticity for one of the most widely used CGE models (parameter ESUBT in the Global Trade Analysis Project model), using the latest four datasets available (2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017). Our work finds that the default value of zero in GTAP does not reflect the true behavior implied by the data. Using our estimates, we propose a set of new values—for the short run (1-year), medium runs (3-4 years and 6-7 years) and long run (infinite horizon). We demonstrate the importance of our new estimates using a scenario from the EU Farm to Fork policy. We find that using the estimated elasticities leads to much milder market and welfare impacts; these effects are further dampened with the long-run elasticity estimates.
Impact of different electrodes, mediators, and microbial cultures on wastewater treatment and power generation in the microbial desalination cell (MDC)
Authors: Majumder Shobhan , D. Istalingamurthy , B. M. Sadashiva Murthy , B. M. Prakash
Published: December 2023

Microbial desalination cell (MDC) can treat wastewater and saline water simultaneously and generate power. The aim of the present research work was to identify the critical factors influencing COD reduction and power generation from the MDC reactor and to optimize the control parameters. The experimental study was conducted by using medium to high-strength wastewater from distillery and brewery industry in batch-wise operation. The maximum voltage of 702 mV and current of 2.16 mA were observed for the carbon brush electrode. The mediated aeration process with the presence of potassium ferricyanide was reported in 87% COD reduction and 992 mV voltage generation. The presence of the microbial culture provided 82% COD reduction and 51% TDS reduction. The maximum current density (CD) of 0.04 mA/cm2 was observed for carbon brush, and a maximum power density (PD) of 15.56 mW/cm2 was found with aeration and potassium ferricyanide mediator. This study provided insight towards the impact of the electrode materials and the effects of mediator, aeration, and microbial culture on MDC performance.
SPECIAL FEATURES OF COSMONAUTS' STYLES OF COMMUNICATION WITH THE MISSION CONTROL CENTER UNDER VARIOUS WORKLOAD LEVELS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Supolkina N.S. , Gushchin V.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shved D.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yusupova А.К. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Savinkina А.О. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Chekalina A.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kotov O.B. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Savenko О.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: December 2023

Space experiment CONTENT was focused on studying the spacecrews communication with the Mission control center (MCC) using the content-analysis methodology. It was established that on hard work days the amount of communication increased, as did the frequency of coping strategies. Models of communication styles and coping analysis used in data interpretation were adequate for description of the crew-MCC interactions during usual and intensive work loads. In the course of critical operations, such as EVA, docking etc., or emergencies profiles of the coping strategies remained relatively stable within personal styles and correlated with the routinely observed styles; however, frequency of negative emotions and conflict tension in crew communications increased. Knowledge of crew communication patterns can help detect early signs of the psychological defense activation and select individualized methods of prompt psychological support.
INVESTIGATION OF ANTI-MOTION SICKNESS ACTIVITY OF NEW NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov Vik.V. , Ivanov Yu.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Karsanova S.K. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov V.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: December 2023

Experiments with rats demonstrated that 2 new nicotinic acid derivatives LKhT 8-20 and LKhT 9-20 at a dose of 50 mg/kg have equally a distinct anti-motion sickness activity increasing by 2 times, when compared to the control, food consumption following rotation. The vestibuloprotective effect was higher in comparison with mexicor (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) at similar dose in 1.5 and 1.4 times, respectively.
Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Remission: A Paradigm Shift in
Diabetes Care and Management
Authors: Tripathi Pramod , Kathrikolly Thejas R.
Published: December 2023

Remission is often considered the ultimate goal in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) management
and care. Although metabolic surgery is the conventional choice to achieve remission, substantial
evidence suggests the possibility of T2D remission through lifestyle interventions. In this context,
the current perspective explores recent scientific advancements in lifestyle intervention for diabetes
remission and also emphasises its clinical applicability as a pragmatic approach to diabetes management.
The perspective further provides additional evidence on remission from the authors' own
research findings in the Indian population. We propose that a holistic lifestyle intervention approach
- individualised diet plan, exercise protocol, and psychological intervention – may be a benchmark
protocol to achieve T2D remission.
Moisture Determination in CO2 Gas Cylinders for Application in Annulus Gas
Monitoring Systems of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs)
Authors: Raje Naina , Kolay Siddhartha
Published: December 2023

Background::

Critical monitoring of moisture content in annulus gas is required due to its detrimental effect on the pressure tube, leading to surface corrosion and
finally the rupture of the pressure tube.

Methods and Results::

The present work describes a simple and reliable thermo-analytical method for the quantitative determination of moisture in CO2 gas cylinders,
using anhydrous barium chloride as the novel adsorbent material and simultaneous. Thermogravimetry - Differential Thermal Analysis - Evolved
Gas Analysis (Fourier Transformed InfraRed Spectroscopy) [TG-DTA-EGA(FTIR)] as determination techniques.

Conclusion::

Conclusion:
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) coupled with Microscopy has been used to see the surface morphological variations during the heat
treatment. The results of these studies are being discussed here.
Digitalis Purpurea: Hope for Myocardial Infarction Induced by Obesity - A
Review
Authors: Passi Kusum , Kumar Ranjeet , Khurana Dipasha , Dhanda Naman
Published: December 2023

Digitalis purpurea L. belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. The most significant is digitoxin, a very toxic substance that builds up in the body
and is impenetrable in water. For millennia, people have utilized the medication Digitalis to treat cardiac problems induced by obesity. External
triggers like strenuous exercise, emotional stress, eating, exposure to extreme weather, sexual activity, coffee and alcohol consumption, and use of
cocaine or marijuana temporarily increase the risk of having a myocardial infarction. A person's genetic makeup influences disease progression, the
presence of chronic risk factors, and lifestyle choices. Despite various educational programs, the fight against obesity does not appear to be
successful. According to WHO (World Health Organisation) statistics, 13 percent of adults over the age of 18 are obese, and 39 percent are
overweight. Being overweight or obese significantly raises the chance of developing disorders, including coronary heart disease. Digitalis is
primarily used to treat heart conditions. It encourages and stimulates the action of all muscle tissues in cases of clogged heart failure. The herb
improves heart nutrient absorption by forcing more blood into the coronaries. Digitalis aids in the repair and regulation of the heart's function when
blood circulation is hampered.
Binder Jetting: A Review on Process Parameters and Challenges
Authors: Srivastava Kriti , Kumar Yogesh
Published: December 2023

Binder jetting (BJ) is a 3D printing technology in which objects are
manufactured from ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites. Binder jetting process
incorporates various types of technologies, such as printing, deposition of powder,
complex combination of the binder with powder, and post-processing of sintered part.
BJ has high productivity with the utilization of a wide variety of powders. In BJ, the
binder is combined with powder of materials that bond together to create an object in a
layer-wise fashion that is generally modeled on CAD. In order to obtain desired
product accuracy, the main challenges are balancing proper process parameters with
manufacturing time, such as characteristics of powders (distribution of particle size,
packing density and flowability of powders, green strength), characteristic of binders,
etc. This paper gives a brief review of technologies, materials, defects and challenges
of the binder jetting additive manufacturing process and their future trends.
Optimization of Laser Welding Parameters of Aluminium Alloy 2024 using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique
Authors: Duggirala Aparna , Dey Upama , Paul Souradip , Acherjee Bappa , Mitra Souren
Published: December 2023

Laser welding is a viable method of joining aluminium alloys. The input
parameters employed in the welding process have a significant impact on the weld
quality. There are several parameters that influence weld quality, however, describing
their relationship with weld seam characteristics is challenging. This study uses the
Taguchi approach and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques for improving the
weld quality in an Al 2024 lap joint to achieve a consistent and reliable joint. The
experiments are performed on a laser welding machine following an L9 orthogonal
array experimental design with peak power, scanning speed, and frequency as input
parameters. Here, breaking load, bond width and throat length are considered as the
responses. Experimentally a maximum breaking load of 1233 N and a minimum bond
width of 398.81 µm is achieved. The throat length ranged from 340.72 µm to 983.94
µm. Regression analysis is used to establish the relationship between the input and the
responses. The regression equations are utilized as the objective function in an
optimization problem. The crowding distance PSO is used to acquire the global optima.
Finally, the optimal process parameters for achieving the desired goals are presented.
Microwave Drilling of Polymer Based Composite: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Kumar Sharma Apurbba , Kumar Mukund
Published: December 2023

Microwave drilling is an advanced machining process in which
electromagnetic energy converted into thermal energy with the help of a metallic
concentrator is used to create the desired shape in the work material. High strength
electric field developed around the tooltip ionizes the dielectric media around the
tooltip and results in plasma formation. High-temperature plasma ablates the material
just beneath the tool tip to create the desired hole in the workpiece. In the present
research work, micro-hole drilling on thermoset and thermoplastic-based composites
using microwave energy in the air and transformer oil has been investigated. The
drilling characteristics have been investigated in terms of the heat-affected zone, and
overcut; a comparison has been made in air and transformer oil. The study revealed that
drilling in the presence of dielectric-like transformer oil reduces the defects like HAZ
and overcut significantly. It was also observed that thermal damage was more in
thermoset-based composites as compared to thermoplastic-based composites.
A Comprehensive Review on Application of Spark Discharge Method (SDM) for Production of Nanoparticles
Authors: Bhatnagar Mudit K. , Srivastava Siddharth Srivastava , Malik Vansh , Theetha Gangadhar Mamatha , Vishnoi Mohit
Published: December 2023

Nanoparticles encompass great potential in the current era due to their small
size. They are employed in a myriad of applications, from biotechnology to
manufacturing and energy applications. The production of nanoparticles, therefore, has
been a focus of interest for researchers since its inception. Amongst non-conventional
methods for nanoparticle production, Spark Discharge has emerged as an effective and
viable method. This review encapsulates various experiments and works done over the
years on the application of the spark discharge method for the production of
nanoparticles and postulates the prospects of future work in the field. Different ways to
control nanoparticle size by altering different parameters such as dielectric medium
spark frequency, the gap between electrodes, and energy per spark and flow rate have
been explored. Contrast has been drawn between conventional and non-conventional
processes of nanoparticle production. In conclusion, new non-conventional techniques
and hybrid techniques for nanoparticle production with spark discharge methods have
been discussed, along with the applications of nanoparticles in emission control,
cooling and lubrication.
Experimental Investigation on the Joint Efficiency of Grit Blasted and Silica Particle Coated Adhesively Bonded Carbon and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Laminates
Authors: Yadwad Mohammed Yusuf A. , G. Vishwas , Mathivanan N. Rajesh
Published: December 2023

Composite material is formed when one or more material is distributed or
reinforced in a continuous second phase called a matrix. Composites have many
superior properties, including low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, and good
durability, which make them attractive in many industries. Composite materials have
been used extensively in various applications. In any application where the strength-t-
-weight ratio plays a vital and important role, Fibre Re-inforced Polymer’s (FRP) is the
best material and offers the most efficient solution. Adhesive bonding is one of the
most powerful joining techniques for FRP’s because of its high mechanical properties.
It has applications in all the fields like aerospace, marine technology, defence systems,
and automotive industries, as well as structural applications and sports. However, the
mechanical performance is biased undesirably by contaminants, like release agents, and
also an excess of matrix in the top layer. In order to generate the most appropriate
surface pre-treatment, their effect on adhesively bonded joints of carbon and glass fibre
re-inforced polymer composite laminates have been investigated. The adhesively
bonded surfaces are treated with grit blasting and silica particle coating and later tested
in order to determine the failure modes. It was found that the mechanical properties of
adhesively bonded joints depend on the surface characteristics of the substrate. The
results indicate that it is possible to increase the bond strength of the joints to maximum
by various surface treatments.
Sistema para mejorar la eficiencia térmica de los generadores de vapor, mediante la recuperación de energía de las purgas
Authors: Huapaya Barrientos José
Published: December 2023

El trabajo resalta la importancia del uso óptimo de los insumos energéticos en la actividad industrial, como una necesidad de competitividad internacional y nacional. El ahorro de combustible es cuantificado anualmente y se comprueba el beneficio económico que logran las empresas, al recuperar la energía de las purgas en la operación de un generador de vapor. Un caso real es discutido con el propósito de convalidar los conceptos señalados.