bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Model for Social Impact Sukuk
Authors: Raghibi Abdessamad , Oubdi Lahsen
Published: March 2021

Despite the fact that humanity has totally embraced the 21st century with its technological and innovation outcomes, poverty and social disparity still haunt most of the world’s leaders. This disturbing reality is also a major concern in Muslim countries. Although Shari’ah considers prosperity and the well-being of Muslims as one of its top priorities, most Muslim countries still suffer from high poverty rates and underdevelopment, which impede their prosperity and emergence as economic powers. This paper aims to propose concrete solutions for Islamic finance practitioners that combine both the profit-oriented feature of sukuk, risksharing principle and socioeconomic support to Muslim communities through a proposed Social Impact Sukuk model. The proposed structure is mainly based on the partnership contract (mudarabah), which is considered a cornerstone of Islamic finance. The structure involves a partnership between a Non-Government Organization (NGO) (mudarib) and the investors (rabb al-mal) where the State could be considered as a guarantor. Ultimately, the burden on the State will be optimized through a bilateral partnership between an NGO and private investors.
Monetary Policy for the Real Economic Sector in Muslim Majority Countries: A Transitional Solution
Authors: Rafikov Ildus
Published: March 2021

The paper examines the issue of monetary policy from an Islamic perspective and offers a transitional solution given the existing circumstances in the contemporary Muslim economies, dominated by financial institutions, fiat currencies, and fractional reserve banking. Qualitative research with a “complex systems” perspective is used to determine the state of monetary policy in several Muslim majority countries, to study the issues and challenges, as well as to point out the most problematic areas that need urgent addressing. The paper will argue that central banks are the main institutions that have the power and responsibility to maintain the country’s economic stability and the value of a local currency, as well as to affect the inflation and unemployment rates. It will be argued that in the current circumstances central banks can act within the given system to (1) encourage financing of small and medium enterprises; (2) initiate the growth of small local financial institutions, such as cooperative and savings banks; and (3) allow “monetary democracy.” The paper is therefore divided into three main parts. After the introduction, the first section will provide a historic overview of ideas on monetary policy by several influential Muslim economists over the last forty years and will offer a critique of their views. The second section will deal with the issues of money and banking from a “complex systems” perspective and demonstrate common misconceptions that lead to improper understanding amongst the general public and the academic community. And before concluding, the paper will offer intermediate solutions within the current financial system. This section will argue that central banks can use the power of the banking system to create money to finance SMEs while curbing speculation and limiting the purchase of financial assets.
Empirical Study on Adoption of Islamic Banking System Using Quantitative Method: A Case Study of Afghanistan
Authors: Naseri Khatera , Sharofiddin Ashurov
Published: March 2021

Although the background of the banking system goes back as far as 1933, Islamic finance is still new in Afghanistan. The history of the first full-fledged Islamic bank began as recently as 2018 with the conversion of Bakhtar Bank, a conventional bank, to the Islamic Bank of Afghanistan (IBA). There have been numerous studies done worldwide, but no empirical study has examined the subject of Islamic banking adoption in the specific context of Afghanistan. Therefore, this present study investigates the adoption of Islamic banking in Afghanistan, using a case study of Herat province, based on Rogers’ (1983) Diffusion of Innovation Theory, to determine the impact of awareness, product knowledge, religiosity, relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity on the adoption of Islamic banking. A quantitative approach to the stratified convenience sampling method was used in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to 334 bank customers and the responses analyzed using SPSS v22. The multiple regression analysis finding indicated that product knowledge, relative advantage, and religiosity significantly and positively influenced the adoption of Islamic banking. It is suggested that the government and financial institutions should support Islamic banking with beneficial policies and initiatives to enhance the knowledge of the public about the significance of Islamic banking activities.
A Direct-to-Biology High-Throughput Chemistry Approach to Reactive Fragment Screening
Authors: Thomas Ross P. , Heap Rachel E. , Zappacosta Francesca , Grant Emma K. , Pogany Peter , Besley Stephen , J. Fallon David , M. Hann Michael , House David , C. O. Tomkinson Nicholas , Bush Jacob T.
Published: March 2021

Methods for rapid identification of chemical tools are essential for the validation of emerging targets and to provide medicinal chemistry starting points for the development of new medicines. Here, we report a screening platform that combines ‘direct-to-biology’ high-throughput chemistry (D2B-HTC) with photoreactive covalent fragments. The platform enabled the rapid synthesis of >1000 PhotoAffinity Bits (HTC-PhABits) in 384-well plates. Screening the HTC-PhABit library with carbonic anhydrase I (CAI) afforded 7 hits (0.7% hit rate), which were found to covalently crosslink in the Zn2+ binding pocket. A powerful advantage of the D2B-HTC screening platform is the ability to rapidly perform iterative design-make-test cycles, accelerating the development and optimisation of chemical tools and medicinal chemistry starting points with little investment of resource.
Reactive and Inelastic Scattering Dynamics of Hyperthermal O and O2 from a Carbon Fiber Network
Authors: Poovathingal Savio , Qian Min , Murray Vanessa , Minton Timothy
Published: March 2021

The reactive and inelastic scattering dynamics of ground-state atomic and molecular oxygen from a carbon fiber network at 1023-1823 K was investigated with a molecular beam-surface scattering technique. A molecular beam containing hyperthermal O and O2 with a mole ratio of 0.92:0.08 and nominal velocity of 8 km s-1 was directed at the network, and time-of-flight distributions of the scattered products were collected at various angles with the use of a rotatable mass spectrometer detector. O atoms exhibited both impulsive scattering (IS) and thermal desorption (TD) dynamics, where the TD O-atom flux increased with surface temperature and the IS O-atom flux remained relatively constant. While the majority of the TD O atoms desorbed promptly after the beam pulse struck the network, signatures of thermal processes occurring over long residence times were also observed. Evidence of O2 reactions was not observed, and the behavior of the inelastically scattered O2 was invariant to the temperature of the network and showed both IS and TD dynamics. The dominant reactive product was CO, whereas CO2 was a minor product. Both these products showed only TD dynamics. The observed flux of CO initially increased with temperature and then reached a plateau above which the flux no longer increased with temperature, over the temperature range studied. Thermally desorbed CO products exited the network promptly or after relatively long residence times, and two populations of CO with long residence times were distinguished. Hysteresis was observed in the temperature-dependent flux of thermally desorbed O and CO, with opposing trends for the two products. This work follows similar studies in our laboratory where the target materials were vitreous carbon and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The data suggest that the chemical reactivity of the three forms of sp2 carbon surfaces is similar and that the differences arise from the variations of the morphology.
COVID-19: ORF8 Synthesizes Nitric Oxide to Break the Blood-Brain/Testi Barrier and Damage the Reproductive System
Authors: wenzhong liu , hualan Li
Published: March 2021

Studies have reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can break through the blood-brain/testi barrier and invade the human reproductive system, causing infertility or complications in patients. Excessive nitric oxide (NO) is a fundamental reason for breaking the Blood-Brain/Testi Barrier. Nitric oxide often relates the spread or replication of many viruses in the body. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that synthesizes NO in the human by binding heme to complete the oxygenase reaction. This study focused on the relationship between heme, NO, and the novel coronavirus using bioinformatics methods such as domain search and molecular docking. The results showed ORF8 had three domains similar to nitric oxide synthase : oxygenase, reductase, and calmodulin (CaM). ORF6 could bind to these three domains. The dimer of ORF8 was identical to the dimer of NOS enzyme. The oxygenase domain was in the core, and the reductase domain was on both sides. ORF8 could capture Heme, H4B, L-arginine, FAD, FMN, and NADPH, and bind with CaM protein to catalyze NO production. The heme bound by ORF8 mainly came from the attacked hemoglobin. ORF8 also attached to E protein and synthesized NO through the heme hunted by E protein. We believed NO synthesized by ORF8 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 from reinfecting infected cells and controlled the virus replication speed to avoid cell collapse because of exhaustion of resources. After the SARS-CoV-2 virus combined with an extensive ORF8, the produced NO stream permeably expanded blood vessels and broke the blood-brain/testi barrier. The SARS-CoV-2 virus spread to nearby tissues through small blood vessel holes created by NO stream. It would increase the tendency to bleed and the blood clotting of the tissue: blood clotting and viral infections severely damaged organs such as the respiratory, heart, nerve, reproductive. Short NO could not open vascular permeability dilation, causing high viral load in asymptomatic patients' blood. Excessive NO stimulated the reproductive organs and generated abnormal functions. It also made abnormal hormone regulation, such as excessive secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). Much LH would hurt the reproductive organs, leading to infertility. Extreme NO also interfered with the human NO signaling pathway and damaged the immune nerve, metabolism, cardiovascular and other systems. This theory is for academic discussion only. We hope that this discovery will help block the virus’s transmission through the human circulatory system and help reproductive health management during the pandemic.
From Siberia to Siberia. The Fate of the Siberian Astronomer Ivan Naumovich Yazev on the 125th Anniversary of His Birth (1895–1955)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Yazev S. A.
Published: March 2021

The article is a biographical sketch of the life of the Soviet astronomer I. N. Yazev (1895–1955). His fate is briefly described, including the beginning of scientific and pedagogical activity at the Omsk Agricultural Academy (1922–1925), work at the Pulkovo (1926–1928), Nikolaev (1928-1934), Poltava (1934–1938) observatories, universities in Novosibirsk (1938–1948), at Irkutsk State University and its observatory (1948–1955). In 1947–1948, as a result of party investigations, I. N. Yazev was expelled from the party and dismissed in connection with the concealment of the fact of the membership and the work in government bodies during the Kolchak government (1918–1919), as a result of which he was forced to move to Irkutsk. The main directions of his scientific activity are described, and its results are evaluated.
What are the Siberian Governor-Generals Interested in Modern Historians and Officials
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Sorokin Yu. A. , Suvorova N. G. ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University
Published: March 2021

The publication reviews a monograph by a team of authors that analyzes the institution and the social group of Siberian governor-generals. The review highlights the main aspects of the research, presents the most significant author's approaches and conclusions.
On Siberian Models of Education Management (19th – Early 20th Century)
Authors:   Institute of Russian History RAS, Yurganova I. I.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the research of I. N. Mamkina and A.V. Blinov “Regional models of education management in Imperial Russia: Siberian version”. The monograph presents the results of the authors' work on the problem of organizing the management of the education system in the Eastern suburbs of the Russian Empire in the context of the development of the General Imperial district management model. Stages and adaptations of forms and methods of management in special Siberian conditions are revealed. The evolution of the formation of the Kazan educational circle is shown, the experience of transferring educational institutions under the control of the provincial government, and the features of regional education management in Western and Eastern Siberia are considered.
Relatioship between Russians and Population of the Western Pamir in Reports of Baron Cherkasov in the Period of Joining the Western Pamir to Russia (Based on Materials from Gosarchiv GBAO)
Authors:   National Tajik Academy of Sciences, Karamova I. I.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the role of Russian travelers, scientists and military experts in the study of the Western Pamir based on the analysis of archival materials from the archive of GBAO, the Republic of Tajikistan. It is known from the history of the region that in 1895 the Western Pamir was annexed to the Bukhara emirate, in exchange for the left-bank Darvaz, by agreement between Russia, England and Afghanistan, went to Afghanistan. Along with this, the left banks of the river Panj, Shugnan, Rushan and Wakhan also moved to Afghanistan, which never belonged to Afghanistan. In order to clarify the disturbance in the Western Pamirs, according to the instructions of the Russian Political Agency in Bukhara, Baron A. Cherkasov was sent twice in the summer of 1904 and in the autumn of 1905 to Western Pamirs. During these trips, Baron Cherkasov, who was fluent in Persian, managed to find out on the spot the causes of popular conflict in the Western Pamirs and the role of Bukhara officials in the discontent of aboriginal people.
Information Capabilities of the Governor's Report on the Example of the Yakutsk Region
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Dameshek I. L. , Arkhipova А. I. ,   Institute for Humanitarian Research and North Indigenous People Problems SB RАS
Published: March 2021

The Governors' reports are reviewed as the channel of communication between the regional and central authorities. Consideration of the reports allows us to identify the regional peculiarities and priorities of Yakut governors and also determine their personal contribution to the solution of issues and the inheritance of the predecessors' strategy. The emperor's notes on the reports allows us to identify the problems of regional life that the monarch was interested in, and to consider the “channels” of communication between the center and the periphery in Imperial Russia.
To the 70th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor Leonid Vladimirovich Kuras: Traditions and Innovations of the Historical School of ISU
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Dameshek L. M. , Ivanov A. A. ,   Irkutsk State University, Kuznetsov S. I. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: March 2021

The scientific work of one of the famous graduates of the history department of Irkutsk State University, doctor of historical sciences, historiographer, professor L. V. Kuras is analyzed. The process of forming the scientific interests of the scientist, the nature of relations with teachers and colleagues is studied, the breadth of scientific views and professional interests of the historian is emphasized, the role of L. V. Kuras in the development of Siberian and Mongolian studies, and the expansion of the source base of modern regional historical science is considered.
Análise Sinótica e de Mesoescala de Ventos Intensos com Impacto Destrutivo em Linhas de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica no Paraná
Authors: Franco Raquel Mac-Cormick , Menezes Wallace Figueiredo , Vasconcellos Fernanda Cequeira
Published: March 2021

Ventos intensos são a principal causa de queda de torres de transmissão de eletricidade, podendo ser de origem sinótica (e.g. sistemas frontais) ou convectiva (e.g. microexplosões).O objetivo deste trabalho é reunir os acidentes ocorridos com as torres de transmissão de energia elétrica da empresa FURNAS (1980-2017) no Paraná, devido à ação dos ventos e investigar os padrões atmosféricos presentes nesses eventos. Para identificar os padrões sinóticos, a ferramenta estatística Self Organizing Map (SOM) foi aplicada à variáveis meteorológicas (Reanálise ERA5) de diferentes níveis da atmosférica. Para a análise da mesoescala, foram utilizados dados meteorológicos de estação de superfície, para identificar a presença de mesoaltas e sondagem para o cálculo de índices atmosféricos em um caso específico onde o vento parecia ter origem puramente convectiva. Os resultados mostraram que a escala sinótica foi importante na maioria dos casos, pois mesmo não havendo contribuição sinótica direta na geração do vento, ela desempenhava um papel fundamental na convecção. Todas as classificações indicaram um padrão de escoamento em 850 hPa semelhante ao jato de baixos níveis. Os índices atmosféricos no estudo de caso apontaram para um forte cisalhamento vertical do vento e também aquecimento em baixos níveis devido à advecção. Quanto à sazonalidade, a maioria dos acidentes ocorreu na primavera.
İslâm ve batı dünyasında kamu yararı bağlamında içkinin yasaklanması: mukayeseli bir araştırma
Authors: ASLAN Nasi , ÜNSAL Fatıma
Published: March 2021

İslâm’da içkinin haram kılınıp yasaklanması makâsıd-ı şerîa olarak bilinen dinin, canın, malın, aklın ve neslin korunmasına dair temel ilkelerden aklın korunması esasına dayanır. Bu beş ilke hukukta bir ortak değer olarak kamu yararına da temel teşkil eder. Fıkıhta gelenek içerisinde içki içene verilecek cezanın had cezası olduğuna dair genel bir eğilim olmakla birlikte bunu kamu yararı kapsamında ta‘zir cezası olarak değerlendiren alimlerin sayısı da azımsanmayacak derecededir. Bu çalışmada hem İslam Dünyası hem de Batı Dünyasında içkinin yasaklanması ve yasağın korunması noktasında ortaya konulan hukukî yaptırımlara dair uygulamalar karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Başta dört halife dönemi olmak üzere ilerleyen tarihi süreçte içki yasağını ihlal edenlere dönük yaptırımlar farklılık arz etse de bunların kamu yararı ortak paydasında birleştiği müşahede edilmektedir. Osmanlı Ceza hukukunda içki içenlere tatbik edilecek cezalar da kamu yararı eksenlidir. Diğer taraftan günümüz bazı İslâm ülkelerinde içki içenlere verilen cezalarla ilgili son zamanlarda yapılan farklı düzenlemelerde kamu yararının gözetildiği görülmektedir. Batı ülkelerine gelince ABD ve İsveç içki konusundaki politikaları ile diğerlerinden ayrışır. ABD’nin içki konusundaki politikası bilindiğinden dolayı bu araştırmada İsveç özgün bir örnek olarak biraz daha ayrıntılı ele alınmıştır.Makalede gayrimüslim bir toplumdaki içki yasağının da araştırmaya konu edilmesi, hukukta gözetilen kamu yararı ortak paydasına dayanır. Bir tarafta haramlık ifade eden vahiy kaynaklı bir yasak, diğer tarafta seküler bir toplumda alkollü içki etrafında yasağa varan kısıtlamalar vardır. Acaba seküler de olsa akl-ı selim insanlardan oluşan ortak aklın hukuk kurallarının vaz’ında vahye dayalı hükümlerle örtüşmesi mümkün müdür? Ya da normatif hükümlerin vaz‘ında gözetilen amaçlar kamu yararı bağlamında evrensel olamaz mı? Araştırmada bu sorulara da cevap aranmaktadır.
SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF BEEF PRODUCTION GROWTH IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERAT ION
Authors:   GAOU VO MGPU, Magomedov M.D. , Stroyev V.V. ,   GAOU VO MGPU
Published: March 2021

The article proposes a classification of the main directions of increasing beef production in the Russian Federation. The essence of each direction is disclosed separately. Recommendations for its increase are given.
FINANCIAL LITERACY AS A FACTOR OF CONSUMPTION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kozlova N.P. , Melnik E.V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The article discusses current problems that confirm the need to increase the level of financial literacy of the Russian population. The relationship between financial literacy and the financial instruments used is considered. Methodological features of providing financial services of the banking sector to the population are revealed, and the opportunities offered to consumers by stock exchanges are assessed. Theoretical conclusions are confirmed by statistical data on the use of various financial instruments by Russians. The legislative base in the field of investment is analyzed. The effectiveness of the Russian government bodies in improving financial literacy is assessed.
Assessment of Library Instruction on Undergraduate Student Success in a Documents-Based Research Course: The Benefits of Librarian, Archivist, and Faculty Collaboration
Authors: Victor Jr. Paul , Otto Justin , Mutschler Charles
Published: March 2021

This article discusses a successful collaboration between multiple subject specialist librarians, the University Archivist and a faculty member teaching an undergraduate course in documents-based social science research. This collaborative partnership allowed for each subject specialist to expose students to specific information literacy skills they needed to be successful in their class. The authors used pre- and postassessments to gauge student comfort level in conducting library research, as well as a rubric to assess the annotated bibliography of a student’s final research paper. The data from these assessment tools are analyzed and the results discussed. The data indicates that students benefited from the specialized instruction they received.
Collaboration for a 21st Century Archives: Connecting University Archives with the Library’s Information Technology Professionals
Authors: Lawrimore Erin
Published: March 2021

As communication technologies change, so do the records being produced and acquired by the archival repositories tasked with documenting society. This article, written from the perspective of a University Archivist, discusses the need for collaboration between archivists and information technology professionals in a university library in order to manage the university’s born-digital archival records. Using specific examples of collaborative projects of University Archives and the Electronic Resources and Information Technology (ERIT) department in the University Libraries of The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, the article makes specific recommendations for overcoming challenges related to professional jargon and work practices shared by archivists and information technologists to produce a successful collaboration.
Scholar-Librarian Collaboration in the Publication of Scholarly Materials
Authors: Harkema Craig , Nelson Brent
Published: March 2021

Recent developments in scholarly publication and the new directions being pursued in both humanities departments and libraries in the production of digital content provide opportunity for scholars and libraries to explore new models for working together to produce and disseminate scholarly materials. We offer as a first step toward a model for publication the case of Opuscula: Short Texts of the Middle Ages and Renaissance (OSTMAR), a hybrid form of publication that leverages the university library infrastructure to create a platform for the publication of scholarly primary materials, an area of publication formerly reserved for the commercial press. This model is dependent on close collaboration between scholar and librarian, the nuances of which are outlined in this paper.
PENYEMBUH TRADISIONAL DI GAMPONG RAWA KECAMATAN TANAH LUAS KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA (Pendekatan Antropologi Kesehatan)
Authors: Afriza Nelly
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini menganalisis terkait dengan proses penyembuhan masyarakat gampong rawa yang melakukan pengobatan tradisional. Artikel melihat faktor menyebabkan masyarakat lebih memilih pengobatan tradisional  di Gampong Rawa adalah karena masyarakat menilai pengobatan tradisional adalah pengobatan yang alami. Pengobatan ini berawal dari pengobatan yang menjadi kepentingan yang sangat penting bagi setiap individu dalam sebuah kehidupan yang dimulai dari kepercayaan. Artikel  ini diketahui bahwa fenomena pengobatan tradisional dibagi kedalam sejarah lahirnya pengobatan tradisional, proses pengobatan yang dilakukan, ramuan yang digunakan, perkembangan dan kondisi kesehatan pasien serta alasan pasien lebih memilih berobat pengobatan tradisional. Observasi penyembuhan pengobatan Nek Cut merupakan pandangan masyarakat tentang pengobatan tradisional yang sanga terbantu dan terpercaya. Terbukti banyak masyarakat Gampong Rawa sampai saat ini datang dan percaya dengan pengobatan tradisional Nek Cut, bahkan tidak hanya masyarakat sekitar saja yang berobat, tetapi masyarakat luar Gampong Rawa pun banyak yang datang. Untuk memperoleh data yang sesuai dengan topik permasalahan “Penyembuha Tradisonal di Gampong Rawa Kecamatan Tanah Luas Kabupaten Aceh Utara”. Artikel in menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah observasi non partisipatif, wawancara terstruktur dan mendalam, literature dan dokumentasi. Observasi dan wawancara: akan dilakukan selama satu bulan, serta pengeditan skripsi dilakukan selama satu bulan. Analisis data dilakukan sebelum penelitian, selama waktu proses dilapangan bersamaan dengan pengumpulan data.Hasil artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa pengobatan tradisional di Gampong Rawa Kecamatan Tanah Luas Kabupaten Aceh Utara, bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan masyarakat dan fenomena terhadap pengobatan tradisional di Gampong Rawa Kecamatan Tanah Luas Kabupaten Aceh Utara yang dilakukan oleh Nek Cut.
Fenomena Tukang Kredit Di Kampung (Studi Antropologi Ekonomi di Gampong Meunasah Blang Kecamatan Muara Dua Kota Lhokseumawe)
Authors: Mardiana Mardiana
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini mengkaji tentang Fenomena Tukang Kredit Di Kampung, yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana fenomena tukang kredit kampung di Gampong Meunasah Blang Kecamatan Muara Dua Kota Lhokseumawe, dan bagaimana masyarakat tertarik pada transaksi tukang kredit tersebut. Kredit merupakan suatu fasilitas keuangan yang memungkinkan seseorang atau badan usaha untuk meminjam uang untuk membeli produk dan membayarnya kembali dalam jangka waktu yang ditentukan Dengan menggunakan metode penelitiannya adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan yang menjadi tekhnik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara. Observasi yang dilakukan adalah obsevasi non-partisipasi, observasi dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana cara transaksi jual beli kredit dan bagaimana cara mengatasi pembeli yang sulit membayar cicilannya. Sedangkan wawancara dilakukan untuk menanyakan beberapa pertanyaan kepada tukang kredit, pelanggan yang membeli barang secara kredit dan masyarakat yang tidak membeli barang secara kredit. Adapun tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pandangan masyarakat tentang fenomena perkreditan di Gampong Meunasah Blang. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat kelas menengah kebawah di Gampong ini menyukai transaksi jual beli barang secara kredit dikarenakan penghasilan mereka yang kurang mampu membeli barang secara tunai atau kontan hal ini diketahui dengan banyaknya barang yang mereka beli secara kredit tidak membeli secara tunai dipasar atau toko-toko yang menjual barang-barang rumah tangga
Egalitarianisme Gayo Sebuah Inisiatif Antropologi Sosial dan Etnografi Politik
Authors: Fasya Teuku Kemal
Published: March 2021

Gayo is the second largest ethnic groups in Aceh, which is most misunderstood. Actually, Aceh has consisted nine ethnics, including one smallest ethnic that has been founded several years ago, named “Haloban” in Pulau Banyak, Singkil Regency. This arcticle shows the distinctive characters and culture of Gayo people. They were not only inhabiting in area “Gayo continent” such as Central Aceh, Bener Meriah, Gayo Lues Regency, but also Southeast Aceh (Alas), East Aceh (Lokop) Aceh Tamiang (Kalul), and Southwest Aceh Regency (Lhok Gayo). This article uses an ethnographic approach on the condition of culture, art, and history in Gayo landschape. In the long history of the Gayo people, Islam has become a value that has penetrated the joints of the socio-cultural life of its people. This situation is quitely different with Aceh east and west coastal. That happened because the Gayo people had faced challenges to live diverse, so that it influenced the appreciation of their Islamic life. in the religious practice, the Gayo people pay more attention for the esoteric values perspective rather than the exoteric perspective. This is the rich account of a muslim society in highland Gayo, that has been a long debate among themselves ideas of what Islam is and should be as it pertains to all areas of their lives, from work, arts performance, and worship. Many previous anthropological studies, like Snouck Hurgronje works have concentrated on the purely local aspects of culture and the tension between the local and universal in everyday life of Gayo people.
PROGRAM RATIFIKASI KONVENSI PBB TENTANG DAFTAR HITAM ORGANISASI TERORIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Chaidar Al , Sahrasad Herdi , Zulkarnaen Iskandar , Rahman Fauzi A , Kadir Muntasir Abdul
Published: March 2021

Untuk secara efektif menangani ancaman teroris saat ini, kita harus mulai dengan cara pemahaman yang unik di mana jihadisme ternyata mendorong kekerasan, dan dilanjutkan dengan menilai mana negara-negara Barat yang memiliki kekuatan nyata sekaligus kerentanan nyata dalam pendekatan mereka terhadap terorisme. Pada dekade belakangan ini dan sejak 11 September 2001, jelas bahwa kita tidak hanya perang melawan teror tapi prinsipnya terhadap ide-ide jihad yang mengilhaminya. Dengan melihat ke belakang sejak lima tahun terakhir, dan khususnya dua tahun terakhir sejak ISIS mengumumkan khilafah, bisa dikatakan bahwa jihad jauh dari kata statis dengan berbagai ketegangan yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk beradaptasi dan berkembang. Seiring serangan yang baru-baru ini terjadi di Paris, Brussels, San Bernardino dan Orlando menunjukkan bahwa para pebuat kebijakan tidak menganggap secara serius kekuatan ide jihad. Hal ini jelas terlihat ketika pemerintah AS melalui program Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) dari laporan Homeland Security Advisory Council merekomendasikan tidak menggunakan kata-kata seperti “jihad” dan “syariah,” karena takut mengobarkan sebuah narasi “kita lawan mereka.“ Padahal ancaman jihad hanya dapat benar-benar diatasi jika kita peduli untuk memahami bahwa ide-ide jihad memegang peranan dalam mendorong aksi kekerasan. Jihadisme perlu di-packing kembali dari konsep tradisional untuk mengeksploitasi situasi politik dunia Islam terutama di Timur Tengah. Ini berdasarkan fakta ketika ide-ide jihad secara meyakinkan berubah wujud dengan cepat menjadi ancaman fisik kinetik.
PROGRAM HUMANISASI: REFLEKSI TENTANG REHABILITASI PELAKU DAN KORBAN TERORISME UNTUK KONTEKS INDONESIA
Authors: Chaidar Al , Sahrasad Herdi , Zulkarnaen Iskandar , Rahman Fauzi A , Kadir Muntasir Abdul , Arifin Abdul Hadi
Published: March 2021

Tak terhitung berapa rupiah materi dan pengorbanan lainnya yang dihabiskan untuk menanggulangi perkara terorisme melalui program deradikalisasi, sampai-sampai Polri dan BIN dituding berbagai kalangan sebagai  lembaga yang sengaja membikin ‘proyek terorisme’ demi kelangsungan anggaran anti-terorisme milyaran rupiah/tahun. Harus disadari, dicamkan  dan ditekankan bahwa dalam membasmi terorisme, negara dan masyarakat  mesti seayun langkah dan bersatu. Tulisan ini menawarkan gagasan humanisasi sebagai bagian dari upaya deradikalisasi untuk menambal lubang-lubang yang bocor dari program yang sudah dilaksanakan. Dalam hal ini, humanisasi adalah respon untuk mencegah eskalasi kekerasan. Humanisasi mengakui martabat yang melekat  pada manusia, mengakui kemanusiaan lawan-lawannya dan hak-hak asasi semua anggota keluarga manusia. Humanisasi memungkinkan orang mengenali karakteristik manusia yang dianggap musuh atau lawannya, sehingga dapat membantu orang untuk membatasi eskalasi kekerasan yang ekstrim. Humanisasi juga dapat membuka jalan bagi hubungan timbal balik dan keyakinan dalam kesetaraan manusia, menciptakan norma-norma bersama yang membatasi cara konflik tersebut dilancarkan.
THE BATIH FAMILY AS A WEAPON: ANALYSIS OF THE JOLO CATHEDRAL BOMB, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Chaidar Al , Sahrasad Herdi , Tabrani Dedy
Published: March 2021

This article explain about  terrorist’s bombing toward a Roman Catholic cathedral in Jolo, southern Philippines, Sunday 27 January 2019 morning. At least 22 people were reportedly killed tragically and nearly 50 others were injured. The suicide bombing of the husband and wife exploded during Sunday Mass in Jolo is the first bomb explosion was carried out by a woman from inside the church who smashed benches, smashed windows and left the body of the victim at the Catholic church located in Jolo. The first explosion occurred at Jolo Cathedral in Sulu Province. The second bomb exploded outside the church after the congregation left to save themselves. The second bomb was carried out by a man who was the husband of the first bomber. This Jolo  suicide bombing mimics the suicide bombing of a family of 8-9 May 2018 in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. Nobody thought that the perpetrators came from one whole family. Officers revealed that the bombers in the three churches were the families of Mr. Dita Oepriyanto and Mrs. Puji Kuswati. These parents invited their four children to take action in three different churches. Their four children have a very young and young age. Yusuf Fadil's son (18), Firman Halim (16), daughter of Fadhila Sari (12), and Pamela Riskita (9). The familial terroist bombing in Jolo dan Surabaya is a reflection that our world today is 'a world full of the thrill of underground revenge, inexhaustible and never satisfied in an explosion'. The present is a age of anger
PROBLEMATIKA PENGGUNAAN BAHASA ACEH DI KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Humairah Elvira Siti , Saifullah Saifullah , Arifin Awaluddin
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertema tentang Antropologi Linguistik yang mengkaji tentang “Problematika Penggunaan Bahasa Daerah” (Studi Antropologi Linguistik Pada Penutur Bahasa Aceh Di Kota Langsa). Secara mendalam diceritakan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penggunaan bahasa daerah (Bahasa Aceh), yang digunakan oleh masyarakat yang ada di Kota Langsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sosial kualitatif yang bersifat deskriftif dengan teknik observasi, wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan. Fenomena menurunnya penggunaan bahasa daerah sebagai bahasa ibu sudah menjadi persoalan yang sering dibicarakan oleh kalangan ahli bahasa. Hal ini tidak lepas dari perkembangan globalisasi dan modernisasi yang semakin cepat Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat melihat fenomena berkurangnya penggunaan Bahasa Aceh di Kota Langsa yang dihuni oleh masyarakat multikultural sebagai sesuatu yang yang lumrah terjadi. Namun, masyarakat tetap berharap agar Bahasa Aceh tetap ada di tengah masyarakat dan terus dilestarikan.
PENGARUH NEGATIVE FRAMING DAN ADVERSE SELECTION TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN ESKALASI KOMITMEN: (Studi Empiris pada Mahasiswa Akuntansi Universitas Malikussaleh)
Authors: Yusra Muhammad , Atika Surya
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of negative framing and adverse selection on commitment escalation decision making. The data used in this study are primary data. The population in this study are 178 active students majoring in Accounting of economics and business faculty, Malikussaleh University in 2014. The number of samples that met the research criteria were 64 students taken using a random sampling. The method used to analyze the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is the technique of analyzing two ways ANNOVA using factorial 2 x 2 designs with instruments in the form of cases.The test results show that negative framing effect on commitment escalation, adverse selction effect on commitment escalation, and negative framing and adverse selection have no effect on commitment escalation.
PENGARUH REPUTASI UNDERWRITER, PERSENTASE SAHAM YANG DITAWARKAN KE PUBLIK, DAN PENGGUNAAN DANA IPO UNTUK INVESTASI TERHADAP TINGKAT UNDERPRICING SAHAM SYARIAH PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2013-2016
Authors: Yunita Nur Afni , Chairunnisa Muftia
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the influence of underwriter reputation, the percentage of shares offered to the public and the use of IPO funds for investment to the level of underpricing of Islamic shares in companies conducting IPOs in 2013-2016. The sampling technique used is a purposive sampling in which the selection of samples based on certain criteria, so that the sample obtained in this study are 33 companies from a population of 342 companies. The dependent variable in this study is underpricing, while the independent variable is the underwriter's reputation, the percentage of shares offered to the public, and the use of IPO funds for investment. This study uses multiple regression analysis with hypothesis testing using SPSS 16 for Windows. The results show that the Underwriter reputation does not significantly influence the underpricing of sharia shares. The percentage of shares offered to the public does not significantly influence the underpricing of Islamic shares and the use of IPO funds for investment does not significantly influence the underpricing of Islamic shares.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PENDAPATAN DAN PENGELOLAAN DANA ZAKAT TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MASYARAKAT MEMBAYAR ZAKAT DI KABUPATEN BIREUEN
Authors: Murhaban Murhaban , Merawati Merawati
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the income level and management of zakat funds on the community compliance to pay zakat in Bireuen Regency. The sampling technique used is probability sampling technique with the number of respondents as many as 62 people. The data used in this study is in the form of primary data in the form of questionnaires. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS program. The results of this study indicate that the level of income has a significant effect on the community compliance to pay zakat in Bireuen Regencyt and the management of zakat funds has no significant effect on the community compliance to pay zakat in Bireuen Regency.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI AJB BUMIPUTERA KC LHOKSEUMAWE DAN PT TASPEN KC LHOKSEUMAWE)
Authors: Mursidah Mursidah , Khairina Khairina
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of Good Corporate Governance on the Quality of Financial Statements. The data used in this study were primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to all respondents. The sample in this study amounted to 30 respondents who were selected using the Census sampling method. The data analysis method used was a simple Linear Regression method with the help of SPSS 17. The results of the study showed that Good Corporate Governance had an effect on the Quality of Financial statements partially. It is known that Good Corporate Governance has a significant effect on the Quality of Financial Statements. In addition, the R2 test showed that the value of R Square was 0.192, which means that the magnitude influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable was 19.2% and the remaining 80.8% was influenced by other factors outside of this research models.
ANALISIS MANUFACTURING CYCLE EFFECTIVENESS (MCE)UNTUK MENINGKATKAN COST EFFECTIVE DANMENGURANGI NON VALUE ADDED: (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. IMA MONTAZ SEJAHTERA- LHOKSEUMAWE)
Authors: Yunita Nur Afni , Ulfa Cut Nurlaila
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the size of the effectiveness of the production process or known as manufacturing cycle effectiveness (MCE) to increase cost effective and reduce non valueadded activity at PT. Ima Montaz Sejahtera- Lhokseumawe. The research method used is Mix Method, which combines quantitative data analysis method and qualitative descriptive analysis with a case study approach. Data collection is conducted by interviews and documentation studies. The result show that MCE is 56,36%. The MCE size shows that there are still non value added activities that occur in the production process, so the management of PT. Ima montaz Sejahtera can plan a reduction program for non value added activity.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SUB SEKTOR MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (PERIODE 2012-2016)
Authors: Yunina Yunina , Husna Asmaul
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of capital structure and financial performance on the value of the company. The data of this research were taken from 70 observations. The population of this research was manufacturing companies of Food and Beverage sub-sector which listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012-2016 . The number of samples used in this study was 14 companies taken using Cencus sampling technique. .The method of data analysis used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the capital structure had a negative effect on the company value and financial performance had a positive effect on company value. Suggested: For investors to pay attention to the profitability and capital structure generated by the company so that it can obtain a higher return.
ANALISIS PENGENAAN TARIF PAJAK PROGRESIF PADA PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR THE FOUR MAXIMS(STUDI KASUS SAMSAT KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT PROVINSI SUMATRA BARAT)
Authors: Khaddafi Muammar , Darwin Annesa Dianty
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to determine the imposition of a progressive tax rate on motor vehicle taxes based on The Four Maxims in Pasaman Barat Regency, Sumatra Barat. The method used in this study was a qualitative descriptive method. The type of data used in this study was primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, observations, and documentation. The purpose of this study was to determine how to impose a progressive tax rate on motorized vehicle tax based on four principles of tax collection. The results show that the tax principle as still appropriate and relevant to be applied, namely the principles of tax collection proposed by Adam Smith, which are equality, legal certainty, the convenience of payment, and principles efficiency (economic of collection).
PENGARUH FREKUENSI PERDAGANGAN , TRADING VOLUME, NILAI KAPITALISASI PASAR, HARGA SAHAM, DAN TRADING DAY TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN KOSMETIK DAN KEPERLUAN RUMAH TANGGA DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Yusra Muhammad
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to analiyze the effect of frequency of stock trading,trading volume,market capitalization value,stock price,and trading day on stock return of food and baverage companies listed on the IDX. The data used in this study were secondary data in the from of 2015-2018 financial statement obtained from 12 companies with 48 observations (balance panel data). The data were accessed on www.idx.co.id. The method of data analyze with the help of SPSS 16. The result of study found that the frequency of stock trading did not have a significant effect on stock returns, trading volume did not have a significant effect on stock returns, market capitalization value did not have a significant effect on stock returns, the stock price did not have a significant effect on stock returns, trading day did not have a significant effect on stock return.
Clinicopathologic profile of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at HUCFF/UFRJ
Authors: Amendola Luís Claudio Belo , Gaui Maria de Fatima Dias , Carneiro Ana Helena Pereira Correia , Canedo Nathalie Henriques Silva
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The objective of this study is to describe the profile of patients from a public institution, submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), comparing the verified pathological response with literature data. Methods: Observational retrospective cohort study on breast cancer patients diagnosed between September 2001 and October 2018 and treated with NACT at Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF/UFRJ), located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The adopted neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen was based on anthracycline and docetaxel. Results: A total of 133 patients were evaluated. The average age in this group was 54 years (28-86), 49 women (37%) were under 50 years old. The following distribution by molecular subtype was observed: overexpression or amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) (13 women, 26.6%), Luminal (19 women, 38.8%), and Triple-negative (TN) (17 women, 34.6%). The HER2+ and TN subtypes had a higher incidence of cases between 40-49 years and 50-59 years. As for the initial staging, 34% were IIIA; 26%, IIB; and 19%, IIIB. Only one patient did not undergo surgery after NACT, 33 (24.8%) underwent conservative surgery, and 99 patients (74.4%) underwent mastectomy. Regarding the axillary approach, 41 (31%) underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and 88 (66%) had an indication for lymphadenectomy. In the anatomopathological evaluation of the surgery, 12 (9.1%) patients obtained a pathologic complete response (pCR) and 113 (84.9%), partial or no response to chemotherapy. Conclusion: This research enabled the identification of clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a public university service. The predominance of advanced tumors was observed, stressing the need for public health policies for the screening of breast cancer as well as the guarantee of timely treatment for diagnosed cases. The data somewhat reflect the difficulty that the public sector encounters to carry out the most appropriate treatment. The authors expect that this article, by analyzing the profile and the adopted treatment in real-life cases and in a public university institution, can contribute to the improvement of breast cancer treatment in Brazil.