bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satellite-based radiative forcing by light-absorbing particles in snow across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Cui Jiecan , Shi Tenglong , Zhou Yue , Wu Dongyou , Wang Xin , Pu Wei
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Snow is the most reflective natural surface on Earth and
consequently plays an important role in Earth's climate. Light-absorbing
particles (LAPs) deposited on the snow surface can effectively decrease snow
albedo, resulting in positive radiative forcing. In this study, we used
remote-sensing data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative (SNICAR)
model to quantify the reduction in snow albedo due to LAPs before
validating and correcting the data against in situ observations. We then
incorporated these corrected albedo-reduction data in the Santa Barbara
DISORT (Discrete Ordinate Radiative
Transfer) Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model to estimate Northern
Hemisphere radiative forcing except for midlatitude mountains in
December–May for the period 2003–2018. Our analysis reveals an average
corrected reduction in snow albedo (ΔαMODIS,correctedLAPs) of ∼ 0.021 under all-sky conditions, with
daily radiative forcing (RFMODIS,dailyLAPs) values of
∼ 2.9 W m−2, over land areas with complete or
near-complete snow cover and with little or no vegetation above the snow in
the Northern Hemisphere. We also observed significant spatial variations in
ΔαMODIS,correctedLAPs and RFMODIS,dailyLAPs,
with the lowest respective values (∼ 0.016 and ∼ 2.6 W m−2) occurring in the Arctic and the highest (∼ 0.11 and ∼ 12 W m−2) in northeastern China. From MODIS
retrievals, we determined that the LAP content of snow accounts for 84 %
and 70 % of the spatial variability in albedo reduction and radiative
forcing, respectively. We also compared retrieved radiative forcing values
with those of earlier studies, including local-scale observations,
remote-sensing retrievals, and model-based estimates. Ultimately, estimates
of radiative forcing based on satellite-retrieved data are shown to
represent true conditions on both regional and global scales.
Separation of convective and stratiform precipitation using polarimetric radar data with a support vector machine method
Authors: Wang Yadong , Tang Lin , Chang Pao-Liang , Tang Yu-Shuang
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A precipitation separation approach using a support vector machine method was developed and tested on a C-band polarimetric weather radar located in Taiwan (RCMK).
Different from those methods requiring whole-volume scan data, the proposed approach utilizes polarimetric radar data from the lowest unblocked
tilt to classify precipitation echoes into either stratiform or convective types.
In this algorithm, inputs of radar reflectivity, differential reflectivity,
and the separation index are integrated through a support vector machine.
The weight vector and bias in the support vector machine were optimized using well-classified data from two precipitation events.
The proposed approach was tested with three precipitation events, including a widespread mixed stratiform and convective event, a tropical typhoon
precipitation event, and a stratiform-precipitation event.
Results from the multi-radar–multi-sensor (MRMS) precipitation classification algorithm were used as the ground truth in the performance evaluation.
The performance of the proposed approach was also compared with the approach using the separation index only.
It was found that the proposed method can accurately classify the convective and stratiform precipitation and produce better results than the approach
using the separation index only.
Global dataset of thermohaline staircases obtained from Argo floats and Ice-Tethered Profilers
Authors: van der Boog Carine G. , Koetsier J. Otto , Dijkstra Henk A. , Pietrzak Julie D. , Katsman Caroline A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Thermohaline staircases are associated with double-diffusive mixing. They are characterized by stepped structures consisting of mixed layers of typically tens of metres thick that are separated by much thinner interfaces. Through these interfaces enhanced diapycnal salt and heat transport take place. In this study, we present a global dataset of thermohaline staircases derived from observations of Argo profiling floats and Ice-Tethered Profilers using a novel detection algorithm. To establish the presence of thermohaline staircases, the algorithm detects subsurface mixed layers and analyses the interfaces in between. Of each detected staircase, the conservative temperature, absolute salinity, depth, and height, as well as some other properties of the mixed layers and interfaces, are computed. The algorithm is applied to 487 493 quality-controlled temperature and salinity profiles to obtain a global dataset. The performance of the algorithm is verified through an analysis of independent regional observations. The algorithm and global dataset are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4286170.
GTS v1.0: a macrophysics scheme for climate models based on a probability density function
Authors: Shiu Chein-Jung , Wang Yi-Chi , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Chen Wei-Ting , Pan Hua-Lu , Sun Ruiyu , Chen Yi-Hsuan , Chen Cheng-An
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Cloud macrophysics schemes are unique parameterizations for general
circulation models. We propose an approach based on a probability density
function (PDF) that utilizes cloud condensates and saturation ratios to
replace the assumption of critical relative humidity (RH). We test this
approach, called the Global
Forecast System (GFS) – Taiwan Earth System
Model (TaiESM) – Sundqvist (GTS) scheme, using the
macrophysics scheme within the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3
(CAM5.3) framework. Via single-column model results, the new approach
simulates the cloud fraction (CF)–RH distributions closer to those of the
observations when compared to those of the default CAM5.3 scheme. We also
validate the impact of the GTS scheme on global climate simulations with
satellite observations. The simulated CF is comparable to CloudSat/Cloud-Aerosol
Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)
data. Comparisons of the vertical distributions of CF and cloud water
content (CWC), as functions of large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic
parameters, with the CloudSat/CALIPSO data suggest that the GTS scheme can
closely simulate observations. This is particularly noticeable for
thermodynamic parameters, such as RH, upper-tropospheric temperature, and
total precipitable water, implying that our scheme can simulate variation in
CF associated with RH more reliably than the default scheme. Changes in CF
and CWC would affect climatic fields and large-scale circulation via
cloud–radiation interaction. Both climatological means and annual cycles
of many of the GTS-simulated variables are improved compared with the
default scheme, particularly with respect to water vapor and RH fields.
Different PDF shapes in the GTS scheme also significantly affect global
simulations.
Antarctic Bottom Water and North Atlantic Deep Water in CMIP6 models
Authors: Heuzé Céline
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Deep and bottom water formation are crucial components of the global ocean circulation, yet they were poorly represented in the previous generation of climate models. We here quantify biases in Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation, properties, transport, and global extent in 35 climate models that participated in the latest Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Several CMIP6 models are correctly forming AABW via shelf processes, but 28 models in the Southern Ocean and all 35 models in the North Atlantic form deep and bottom water via open-ocean deep convection too deeply, too often, and/or over too large an area. Models that convect the least form the most accurate AABW but the least accurate NADW. The four CESM2 models with their overflow parameterisation are among the most accurate models. In the Atlantic, the colder the AABW, the stronger the abyssal overturning at 30∘ S, and the further north the AABW layer extends. The saltier the NADW, the stronger the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and the further south the NADW layer extends. In the Indian and Pacific oceans in contrast, the fresher models are the ones which extend the furthest regardless of the strength of their abyssal overturning, most likely because they are also the models with the weakest fronts in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. There are clear improvements since CMIP5: several CMIP6 models correctly represent or parameterise Antarctic shelf processes, fewer models exhibit Southern Ocean deep convection, more models convect at the right location in the Labrador Sea, bottom density biases are reduced, and abyssal overturning is more realistic. However, more improvements are required, e.g. by generalising the use of overflow parameterisations or by coupling to interactive ice sheet models, before deep and bottom water formation, and hence heat and carbon storage, are represented accurately.
Lylea obclavata sp. nov. from Lushan Mountain, China
Authors: Qiu Ling , Shi Xu-Gen , Kuang Wei-Gang , Zhang Kai , Zhang Xiu-Guo , Castañeda-Ruíz Rafael F. , Ma Jian
Published: January 2021

A new species, Lylea obclavata, is described and illustrated from a specimen collected on the dead branches of an unidentified plant in Lushan Mountain, China. The fungus is distinguished by its obclavate smooth (1–)2-distoseptate conidia produced in unbranched acropetal
chains. A key and synoptic table to Lylea species are provided.
Exploring Various Leadership Styles to Use Among Nurses Towards Challenges Faced Within the 21st Century: A Systematic Review
Authors: Augustine Lyndon Garvin
Published: January 2021

The workforce for registered nurses (RNs) are currently facing unprecedented challenges. Current challenges such as the consequences associated with patient falls and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have placed a social and financial burden on the U.S. healthcare system. What’s more, future challenges such as the expected retirement for baby boomers and an expected shortage on the availability of medical physicians has raised many concerns for healthcare organizations on how they will deliver care in the years to come. The conclusion is that these challenges will significantly affect the well-being of the RN workforce. Hence, because of these challenges, the objective of this research was to explore various leadership styles to use among nurses towards challenges faced within the 21st century. By focusing on these challenges, the researcher provided findings around ethics and its impact on decision-making. Thereafter, the researcher highlighted common leadership styles that are used, and then proposed a new leadership theory, servant leadership, as an option for Chief Nursing Officers to use to help guide its nursing workforce going forward.
A rare case of mucinous cystadenoma of the spleen in Libya
Authors: Lawgaly Sami A. , Eldruki Soad
Published: January 2021

This is a case of benign mucinous cystadenoma of the spleen in Benghazi, Libya. It is the first reported in Libya and most probably the fourth in Africa. Primary mucinous cystadenoma of the spleen is an extremely unique benign cystic lesion. Only a very few number of cases have been reported. These cysts are assumed to arise from invagination of the splenic capsular epithelium or from the ectopic pancreatic tissue. We report a rare case of primary mucinous cystadenoma of the spleen without evidence of pancreatic tissue in the specimen. Despite being a rare condition, mucinous cystadenoma of the spleen should remain in the differential diagnosis of any splenic cysts.
El acontecimiento de la maja chilota
Authors: Sandoval Alonso Daniel
Published: January 2021

Entender la vida rural en Chiloé bajo una mirada arquitectónica, supone experiencias vividas en el territorio que destaquen perceptualmente y permitan vincular al visitante con el habitante. Los acontecimientos, las construcciones que estos albergan, y las resultantes objetuales de sus interacciones, conforman un patrimonio vivo, tangiblee intangible, que merece ser entendido, valorado y protegido. El presente proyecto de título converge estas premisas en el acontecimiento de la maja de manzanas para la producción de chicha, y a partir de aquello proponer nuevas formas de habitar el territorio rural chilote de forma colectiva en base a la cultura local
Crecimiento de la productividad total de los factores en la agricultura: análisis del índice de Malmquist de 14 países, 1979-2008
Authors: Zuniga González Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2021

La investigación se centró en estudiar el comportamiento de la productividad en la producción agrícola en 14 países en desarrollo de la región de Centroamérica y el Caribe. Se utilizaron datos  de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación en el período 1979-2008. El estudio utilizó el análisis envolvente de datos (DEA) para derivar los índices de productividad de Malmquist. Se examinaron las tendencias de la productividad agrícola durante el período. Las cuestiones de la puesta al día y la convergencia, o en algunos casos la posible divergencia, en la productividad en la agricultura se examinó dentro de un marco global. 1.5% de la PTF, con el cambio de eficiencia (o puesta al día) contribuyendo con 0.1% por año y el cambio técnico (o cambio de frontera) proporcionando el otro 1.4% como resultado. El desempeño más espectacular lo presenta República Dominicana, por lo que representó 3.9% en la PTF durante el período de estudio un crecimiento anual promedio. Cuba, Barbados, Costa Rica, Panamá y Guatemala han registrado una tasa de crecimiento de la PTF de solo 2,9 cada uno.
Evaluation Of The Composite Export Similarity Index On The Example Of China
Authors: Vlasenko Lev , Mykhailyk Denys , Bublei Halina , Ogloblina Viktoriia
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to enhance the Export Similarity Index to provide more reliable results on whether and to what extent two countries are potential and immediate competitors in the global trade. To achieve this existing methodology was complemented with the set of geographical destinations. This allows the evaluation of the overlap in export portfolios of two or more countries and understanding the possible level of their competition in international trade. To prove the efficiency of this enhanced index China’s export portfolio was compared with 50 largest exporters. Achieved results demonstrate a strong overlap of Chinese trade with Vietnam, Japan, and the Philippines proving the veracity of the introduced methodology.
The Prospects for Creating Instruments for the Coordination of Activities of International Organizations in the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Petrovna Talimonchik Valentina
Published: January 2021

The objective of the research is identifying the prospects for the development of instruments for coordinating the activities of international organizations on the regulation of artificial intelligence and elaborating proposals in relation to the mechanisms of cooperation of international organizations on the universal level on issues related to artificial intelligence. A complex of general scientific and philosophical methods, including the logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, systemic-structural, problematic-theoretical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis were used in the research. In the research it was found that Action Lines of the World Summit on the Information Society are working on issues that are discussed at the AI for Good Global Summit. The activities of the World Summit on the Information Society such as ICT regulation are more general in nature while those of the AI for Good Global Summit are more special. The problem of “international institutional competition” of the two discussion platforms can be resolved by ITU’s efforts to coordinate the two discussion platforms and by supplementing the competence of UNGIS with issues of artificial intelligence. The findings can be used in activities of international organizations in execution of their functions of unification and harmonization of the international information law.
Postural Stability in Individuals with and without Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Before and After Pelvic Belt Application
Authors: Mahmoodi Rahimeh , Olyaei Gholam Reza , Talebian Saeed , Shadmehr Azadeh , Ghotbi Nastaran , Hadian Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2021

Background: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (SIJD) is considered an origin of low-back pain. It can change the motor control strategy and postural control (PC). Objectives: We aimed to find any probable differences in PC between subjects with and without SIJD and determine the effects of the pelvic belt (PB) on PC. Methods: Thirty-eight subjects were assigned into two equal groups with and without SIJD. They started to walk from the place marked on a force plate for 10 seconds after hearing an auditory signal and performed three attempts for each foot. They repeated six more ones with PB. Raw data were imported to an excel software (version 2007) spreadsheet to calculate the reaction time (RT) and anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) as the components of PC. Results: Our results showed a significant difference in RT between the SIJD-affected and non-affected sides (P = 0.035), but there was no significant difference in APA (P = 0.057). There were significant differences in RT and APAs between the control and SIJD-affected side groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). The PB application showed a significant difference in RT and APAs of the SIJD-affected side (P = 0.001 and P = 0.047, respectively). Conclusions: It seems pain could lead to the postural sway into instability and change the motor control strategy. The proprioception signals from the neuromuscular system of SIJ improved after PB. Therefore, PB, as a feasible tool, can be recommended for PC improvement.
A Heideggerian Analysis of Renewable Energy and The Electric Grid
Authors: Kahsar Rudy ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: January 2021

Renewable energy technology is often seen as a positive expression of technology, meeting energy needs with minimal environmental impact. But, by integrating nature (e.g., wind and sunlight) with the ordering of the electric grid, renewables silently convert that nature into what Martin Heidegger referred to as standing reserve—resources of the technological commodity chain to be ordered, controlled, converted, and consumed on demand. However, it may be possible to mitigate the downsides of this process through a transition to more decentralized, local sources of renewable energy operations and management that maintain awareness of the ways in which energy is generated and distributed.
Undocumented Immigrants, Healthcare, and the Language of Desert
Authors: Manninen Bertha Alvarez ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

Arguments both in favor and against including undocumented immigrants in healthcare reform abound. However, many of these arguments, including ones that are favorable towards immigrants, are ethically problematic, and for the same reason; namely, that they either support or deny the inclusion of undocumented immigrants in healthcare reform based on their perceived level of desert, due to their alleged contribution to our social utility, or lack thereof. This encourages gauging the lives and worth of undocumented immigrants in terms of their productivity or output, rather than viewing them as intrinsically valuable human beings. This, in turn, contributes to the instrumentalization of undocumented immigrants’ welfare; for even arguments in favor of including them in healthcare reform encourage viewing them as, in Kantian language, mere means instead of ends in themselves. In this paper, I will be critical of arguments that either seek to exclude or include undocumented immigrants from healthcare reform or access based on social utility and will, instead, champion arguments in favor of inclusion that rely on fostering a sense of solidarity and identification amongst citizens and migrants.
The Conflict of Science and Religion: A Confusion Re-Visited
Authors: Piatt Thomas W. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

From roughly the 16th century onwards, religiously oriented persons have engaged in what might appear to be a losing battle against the scientific community. With each new success of scientific explanation, religious traditionalists have been forced to either renounce or radically reinterpret doctrines which were previously regarded as "factual descriptions" of the way the world is. The situation just described has been changed by recent advances in the philosophy of science. The present view of the status of scientific explanation as found in such thinkers as Feyerabend, Goodman, and Von Fraasen is a far cry from the 17th-19th century respresentational realism. This raises the possibility that we need to reassess the relationship of religious assertions to scientific assertions.
The Seven Deadly Bad Faiths (Sins): An Existential Interpretation
Authors: Randall Albert B. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

There are many similarities between the Christian concept of the Seven Deadly Sins, the Stoic concept of internal events, the Hebrew concept of 'awon (sin, punishment), and the existential concept of bad faith. All of these evidence a concern for an internalization of sin or bad faith, which is more common in Eastern than Western religions. These four views are contrasted with the English concept synne which represents the Western extemalization of sin or bad faith. This existential interpretation includes an exploration of 'awon in the Cain and Abel story as well as several reflections concerning the difference between bad faith and good faith.
Religious Liberty and the Founding Fathers
Authors: Hollis Daniel W. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

This essay traces the development of the idea of religious liberty from its origins among the "Commonwealthmen" in seventeenth-century England to its embodiment in the United States Constitution. The Commonwealthmen believed that the theory of natural law-natural rights guaranteed civil liberties, including religious liberty, and that these natural rights should be protected by the state. The Commonwealthmen also believed in a fundamental constitution derived from the people rather than the state, and the concept of individual sovereignty.
Woodrow Wilson's "Road Away From Revolution"
Authors: Campbell Edwina S. , Edington Mark D. W. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

Now the rallying cry of resurgent democratic movements throughout the Soviet Empire, the riggt of national self-determination was first articulated in Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and the League of Nations Covenant. Wilson's goals in defining the concept were to rejuvenate Western capitalism and liberalism, in order to ensure both justice and economic progress; and to offer a viable ideological alternative to revolutionary Russia. Wilson's policies sprang from a rejection of determinism; his views of Christian principles; and his admiration for the reforms of English Methodism. Through the concept of self-determination, Wilson brought a concern for social justice into the management of the international state system.
Germplasm Conservation and the Green Revolution
Authors: Brunner Carl E. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

As a result of the Green Revolution, modem agriculture in the industrialized world has developed into a monocultural system. Through intensive breeding practices, most food crops grown in the developed nations have a narrow genetic base and are increasingly susceptible to disease and environmental changes. The genetic sources of eroded genes are found in the traditional crop varieties of the Third World However, these traditional, home-grown varieties have been abandoned in favor of the high yielding varieties of the Green Revolution. Analysis of world cereal and food crop production data reveals that the world is food crop interdependent. The essay concludes that in order to assure adequate food supplies, food crop germplasm needs to be conserved.
Theologians in Search of Liberation
Authors: Sirico Robert A. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

Historically, religion has played a critical role in both the advancement and disintegration of civilizations. The focus of this essay is to attain a clear understanding of central issues concerning liberation theology. In order to operationalize their often stated concern for human dignity and search for liberation, liberation theologians have sought tools of social analysis which would help them discover the roots of structural oppression as well as the means to emancipate people. It is my thesis that the most speculative and least defensible aspects of liberation theology are its economic and political assumptions. The question remains, what kind of society best promotes social harmony, peace, freedom, and justice? What are the organizing principles which foster this kind of society?
A Christian Political Economy
Authors: Marty William R. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

There are obstacles to labeling any set of political or economic structures a Christian political economy, and especially the Christian political economy. First, Christ spoke mainly of things of the spirit, not of political or economic structures, nor of changing those structures. Second, things of the spirit may be gained or lost in any political economy. Third, with regard to the modem rivals, the common formulation that capitalism is based on greed and socialism on love fails the tests of both logic and experience. Fourth, neither the institutional structures of capitalism nor of socialism assure Christian outcomes. Christians do have normative standards by which to judge regimes, and wisdom to avoid certain errors. But all structures pose some difficulties, and none assure Christian results. Christ was, after all, wiser than those who would correct His teaching by stressing structures of political economy.
Can There Be Ineffable Propositional Structures?
Authors: Filcheva Krasimira ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

Is it possible for there to be facts about reality with a logical structure that is in principle unrepresentable by us? I outline the main motivations for thinking that this question should receive a positive answer. I then argue that, upon inspection, the view that such structurally ineffable facts are possible is self-defeating and thus incoherent. My argument is based on considerations about the fundamental role that the purely formal concept of an object plays in our propositional representations and its intimate connection with subject-predicate structure.
Forecasting the solar energy development in the region
Authors: Korneychuk B.V.
Published: January 2021

The problem of forecasting the dynamics of the development of solar energy in the region in the context of the global trend of energy transition is considered. The urgency of the problem is due to the fact that forecasts of the development of solar energy are usually characterized by relatively large errors. To solve this problem, the author proposed a multi-trend approach to constructing a regional function for the growth of solar power capacity. The method is based on the description of the dynamics of power growth in the form of the average value of logistic, linear and exponential trends. The weighting factors are equal to values that are inversely proportional to the errors of the corresponding trends. Based on this method, forecasts of solar energy capacity were calculated for Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America for the period 2017–2019. The validity of the method is confirmed by the fact that these forecasts are characterized by a relatively low deviation from the actual data. The author has developed a forecast for these regions for the period 2020-2023. It is shown that the reason for the low reliability of most forecasts is the desire to use the logistic curve as a universal analysis tool. This approach absolutes the logistics trend and does not take into account the specifics of the region. However, for some regions, a linear or exponential trend can serve as the dominant growth trend in solar energy capacity. In particular, the reason for the systematic underestimation of forecasts for China was the ignorance of the exponential component of the growth of solar energy capacity.
Path dependence and evolution of Russia’s territorial production systems
Authors: Baburin V.L.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the influence of natural history and socio-cultural processes on the formation of industrial areas within the borders of modern Russia and partially the Russian Empire and the USSR. Basically, the evolutionary approach is used in the version of cyclic genetic dynamics. To assess the long-term effects of the “path dependence”, we analyze the 150-year cycle of industrialization within the borders of Historical Russia. To do this, we use the mechanisms of spatial localization of Kondratiev cycles and associated technological structures of the first (first-second), second (third-fourth)) and the third (fifth) industrial revolution. As an information base, data on the number of people employed and the volume of industrial production (in comparable prices) are used, and for the XX century, data on the dynamics of fixed assets of industry are also used. The relationship between modernization schemes on the old basis (within the boundaries of old industrial areas) and in the areas of pioneer development is revealed. The stability of industry specializations within the grid of industrial areas is considered separately. Based on the results obtained, the conclusion is made about the stability of old industrial cores of localization of industrial potential, the continuity of the spectrum of their specializations (not the replacement of old industries with new ones, but the addition). There is also a repetition in the regions of the new development of the General scheme of the chosen path and the inherited track.
Agriculture of the Kursk oblast: trajectory of unsustainable development
Authors: Klyuev N.N.
Published: January 2021

Changes in the structure and territorial organization of agriculture of the Kursk region in the process of its adaptation to post-Soviet economic conditions are revealed. In the crisis 1990s, a strong decline in agricultural production was accompanied by a polarization of the territory into islands of relative prosperity in areas with better land and around large, economically successful industrial enterprises, on the one hand, and the northwestern periphery, characterized by degradation of agricultural production and renaturalization of agricultural landscapes, on the other. The recovery growth of agriculture that began in the 2010s has led to a new spatial structuring – the concentration of livestock in certain places during the selective development of agricultural land by agricultural holdings in the region. This deter- mines a high degree of territorial differentiation of scale, specialization, structure and technical equip- ment of regional farms. Multiple differences between the regions in the provision of farms equipment, the level of fertilization, the role of farms of different categories have been revealed. The center of the region has lost its leading position in agricultural production. Positive agricultural dynamics is accompanied by negative ecological processes: insufficient level of fertilization, monoculture in agriculture, deterioration of the structure of sown areas, poor utilization of increasing waste of livestock complexes. The modern agricultural specialization of the districts of the Kursk region and their characteristic agro- ecological problems are established.
Economic-geographical location as a factor in productivity differences between Russia’s regions
Authors: Rostislav K. V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to assessing the relationship between productivity as the most important source of sustainable economic development, and various factors that can explain this productivity. The method of productivity estimation used in the paper takes into account that income is created using not only living labour, but also capital stock. In contrast to previous studies, the paper uses the productivity index that meets the transitivity criterion, which allows for geographical comparisons. To assess the benefits of economic-geographical location (EGL), a new centrality measure is presented that reflects the network nature of territorial connections and allows us to switch to accounting for not only points but also areal objects, particularly the subjects of the Russian Federation. Using the new centrality measure, it is shown that EGL explains the differences in productivity between the regions – the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2010–2016 better than other factors. At the same time, it follows from the estimated model that various properties of the labour force described by the concepts of human capital, and the institutional environment are significantly less related to the observed productivity of regions. To demonstrate the superiority of economic-geographical approaches to explaining productivity, we used relatively new for economic geography methods of machine learning.
Early Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent Dysfunction Complicating Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gastroenterostomy: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Kastelijn Janine B. , Van der Voort Veronique , Bijlsma Alderina , Moons Leon M. G. , Schwartz Matthijs P. , Vleggaar Frank P.
Published: January 2021

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy using a lumen-apposing metal stent has emerged as a novel technique in the palliative treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy seems to have the potential to provide long-lasting patency in a minimally invasive manner. Low reintervention rates have been described. We report two cases with early lumen-apposing metal stent dysfunction, compromising patency. One case showed food impaction after three weeks, and hyperplastic tissue overgrowth with a buried distal flange six weeks after stent placement. The latter was successfully treated by argon plasma coagulation, stent removal, and deployment of a larger-diameter lumen-apposing metal stent. The second case showed a narrowed luminal diameter of the stent and jejunal pressure ulcerations after three weeks. The narrowing was successfully treated by balloon dilation. Eight weeks later, hyperplastic tissue overgrowth at the distal flange of the stent and a gastro-colonic fistula were diagnosed, followed by extensive reconstructive surgery.
Is Endoscopic Band Ligation a Superior Treatment Modality for Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia Compared to Argon Plasma Coagulation?
Authors: O’Morain Neil Robert , O’Donovan Helen , Conlon Caroline , Shannon Eileen , Manning Diarmuid , Slattery Eoin
Published: January 2021

Background/Aims: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare acquired vascular lesion of the gastric antrum. The most frequent presentation of GAVE is iron deficiency anemia. Endoscopic therapy is the mainstay of treatment. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment modality.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients with GAVE, including patients receiving endoscopic therapy. Treatment was with either argon plasma coagulation (APC) or endoscopic band ligation (EBL). Basic demographic data, indication for index procedure, number of sessions, and pre- and post-hemoglobin levels were collected. The aim of the study was to compare outcomes across the two treatment modalities.Results: One hundred and seventeen diagnoses of GAVE were made. Sixty-two patients (53%) required endoscopic treatment for symptomatic GAVE (female, n=38, 61%; mean age of 74.4 years). Two hundred and eighteen procedures were performed during the study period. APC was performed (n=161, 74%) more frequently than EBL (n=57, 26%). Patients treated with APC at index required a median 5 subsequent therapeutic interventions (APC or EBL), while those treated with EBL at index required a further 2.9 treatments (EBL only) (p<0.05).Conclusions: APC was the most common treatment modality employed. We demonstrate an increasing incidence of EBL. Patients treated with EBL at index treatment required fewer subsequent treatment sessions and had a greater mean rise in hemoglobin. This suggests a more effective endoscopic response with EBL.
Rynek kapitałowy - oszczędności i inwestycje
Authors: Nowak Alojzy Z. ,   Uniwersytet Warszawski Wydział Zarządzania
Published: January 2021

Od kilku lat Wydział Zarządzania podejmuje próbę analizy najważniejszych tendencji i zjawisk zachodzących na światowym oraz polskim rynku kapitałowym. W serii publikowanych corocznie od 2014 roku monografii naukowych poruszaliśmy już problemy rynku kapitałowego wobec wyzwań dekoniunktury, skupiliśmy się na najważniejszych kwestiach inwestowania na rynku kapitałowym w warunkach kryzysowych, w celu redukcji negatywnych efektów wówczas występujących czy badaliśmy polski rynek kapitałowy z punktu widzenia efektywności i ryzyka, jakie może generować. W czwartej z cyklu publikacji zaprezentowaliśmy szanse i bariery występujące na naszym rynku kapitałowym, w następnej zaś podjęliśmy próbę upowszechnienia wśród kadry naukowej i środowiska akademickiego specjalistycznej wiedzy o polskim rynku kapitałowym, perspektywach jego rozwoju, kluczowych projektach służących rozwojowi tego rynku. Obecna, szósta z kolei książka, nosząca tytuł „Rynek kapitałowy – oszczędności i inwestycje”, bazuje głównie na dorobku Konkursu na referat naukowy nadesłany na VII Kongres Rynku Kapitałowego, którego ideą było zebranie najlepszych artykułów dotyczących aktualnych problemów i kierunków rozwoju rynku kapitałowego, perspektyw implementacji nowych rozwiązań, produktów i usług dla inwestorów i emitentów, nowych rozwiązań technologicznych wspierających rozwój infrastruktury rynku kapitałowego w zakresie obrotu, rozliczeń i komunikacji z emitentami, modelowania i prognozowania zjawisk oraz strategii inwestowania i zarządzania ryzykiem na rynku kapitałowym.
Agile Development of PHP Websites: A Model-Aware Approach
Authors: Gog Carmen
Published: January 2021

The Design Science research method was hereby employed to develop an artifact that demonstrates the experimental “model-aware” software engineering methodology in the context of PHP Web development – a “low code” development approach with code templates generated from technology-specific models. The proof-of-concept consists of two interacting components: a custom diagrammatic modeling environment and model-driven generated PHP pages. The interaction between the two components conforms the engineering method labelled as “Model-aware software engineering” (MASE) – a flavor of model-driven engineering recently introduced in research projects as a hybridization of the Agile Modeling Method Engineering (AMME) framework and the Resource Description Framework (RDF). The experimental MASE method is employed here to demonstrate its feasibility for the common Model-View-Controller (MVC) website development pattern, thus showing potential to support common Web development work.
Live-Sportberichterstattung mit Kommentarfunktion aus kontrastiver Sicht am Beispiel der Tennis-Live-Ticker
Authors: Duś Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Dynamic changes in professional communication mediated through digital media leads to a transformation of the existing types of text. This article focuses on the tennis live ticker as a new hybrid form of sports reporting, which gives internet and app users the opportunity to participate in a given sports event ‘just in time’ and to comment it online asynchronously. The non-linearity, multimodality, hypertextuality and the level of expertise represented by tennis-live-tickers require the recipient to be particularly interactive. In comparison to conventional sports reports and commentaries in the press or on television, the semiotic resources of the live ticker offer a unique way of conveying specialist content in digital media. The differences in the journalistic form of presentation, text structure and adaptation to the reception requirements of the medium are explored in the selected texts of the German and Polish tennis live tickers from online press and live score websites.
From “Is” to the (News) World: How Facebook Jeopardized Its Life-Diary Nature and Occupied the Network
Authors: Calzati Stefano , Simanowski Roberto
Published: January 2021

This article focuses on self-narratives and identity construction in the context of social networking sites (SNSs). It does so by discussing the findings of a research that had at its core a practice-based module titled “Facebook and Autobiography”, which was designed and taught at a major Hong Kong University. Through a cyber autoethnographic approach, which aligns to the methodological orientation of the second wave in narratology studies, the research explores how the infrastructure of Facebook affects the processes of self-narration in comparison with traditional written dairies. Contrary to previous studies, the interviews with students-participants and the analysis of their Facebook’s profiles suggest that the retrieval on Facebook of even small self-narratives is impaired by the fact that the platform has abandoned its life-diary orientation in favour of a news-based business model where the posthuman connotation of profiles prevails.
Off-Modern Hybridity in TV Theatre: Theatrical, Cinematic and Media Temporalities in Rupert Goold’s Macbeth (BBC - Illuminations Media, 2010)
Authors: Huertas-Martín Víctor
Published: January 2021

Rupert Goold’s screen production of Macbeth – firstly, staged in 2007 and, later, filmed in 2010 – has been studied as an example of the stage-to-screen hybrid corpus of Shakespearean audio-visual adaptations. Thus, much of the critical emphasis on the production has been placed on its filmic qualities. Particularly, the genre film conventions deployed across the film has summoned the attention of Shakespeare on screen scholars and it has been the creators’ intentions to precisely point at Goold’s filmic intertextual repertoire. Given the recent increasing attention to the multiple media and languages employed in stage-to-screen hybrid Shakespearean adaptations and other exchanges between the languages of the stage and film to rework Shakespearean and theatrical productions, it is instructive to observe the ways in which adaptations such as this one engage with larger processes of transmedia storytelling, not only paying attention to theatrical and filmic languages but to the transmedia strategies these TV theatrical films make use of. Importantly, it is instructive to look into the narrative and philosophical purposes served by transmedia storytelling as the multiple media and languages used in the film display a range of temporalities and film genres associated to them that allow us to expand the interpretive range of Shakespeare’s source text. Following this premise, this essay examines Goold’s Macbeth as a nostalgia narrative in which transmedia strategies serve to display a range of media-based narrative strands that expand the film’s range of possible interpretations. To prove this, I will insert Goold’s film in the larger process of transmedia storytelling encompassing the performance history of Macbeth. Additionally, I will identify narrative strands in Goold’s televisual, theatrical, musical, poetic and computer-based sources. The results will show that Macbeth – and, by extension, potentially this applies to TV theatrical adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays – constitutes a strand of the larger corpus of transmedia storytelling wrapping up the Scottish play’s performance history as well as Shakespeare’s overall performance history.
New Possibilities in Audiovisual Ergodic Narratives
Authors: Crisóstomo Gálvez Raquel , Valderrama Carreño Marc
Published: January 2021

Espen J. Aarseth defined in his work Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature (1997) ergodic literature as one in which “a non-trivial effort is required to allow the reader to pass through the text”. Based on the analysis of a representative body of narratives found within the ergodic spectrum, this article aims to bring order to the classification of ergodic narratives; and contribute to the development of two possibilities of this type of narrative: transmedial and raccontian. Transmedial ergodic literature takes into account the new media and the latest technologies available to the teleuser in order to transform his limited role from decision making to an acting role in the narrative, becoming an off-stage character. The raccontian proposal is characterized by the application of alterations in the hidden layer of a storyline using the Schrödinger cat effect. Ergodic decision-making dynamics are applied in racconto scenes (Rondolino e Tomasi 1995) to manipulate the timeline prior to the story world’s starting point. This allows a greater diversification of outcomes by varying elements that usually remain inflexible and truncated. Two proposals that therefore affect different areas of transmedia communication, as we will demonstrate in this article.
Mas, afinal, para quê, então, filosofia? Uma leitura do Górgias de Platão
Authors: Amaral Filho Fausto dos Santos
Published: January 2021

Antes de tudo é preciso dizer que a presente obra – “Mas, afinal, para quê, então, Filosofia: uma leitura do Górgias de Platão” – parte de uma concepção hermenêutica que leva em consideração o estilo literário através do qual Platão nos legou os seus escritos: o diálogo socrático. Obra de literatura e ficção que se assemelha a uma peça teatral. E que, assim sendo, nos impõe uma hermenêutica específica, da qual resulta, em primeiro plano, a necessidade de compreendê-la a partir da sua integralidade orgânica. Assim, tomando a obra como um todo, perseguindo a disposição dos personagens, vemos no transcorrer do texto uma discussão que, ao delimitar a filosofia em contraposição à retórica, acaba por revelar a pergunta fundamental pelo valor da vida ou, ainda melhor, acaba por questionar o modelo de vida que realmente teria valor. Seguindo a linearidade do diálogo, mostram-se os argumentos de Sócrates com seus dialogantes: Polo, Górgias e Cálicles. Mais especificamente, como Sócrates vai impondo a contradição a cada um dos participantes do diálogo, superando, assim, o modelo de vida proposto por eles. Dessa maneira, a obra, tendo o diálogo de Platão como referência, questiona qual seria o modo de vida mais adequado para se viver.