bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Routines’ errors when solving mathematics problems cause cognitive conflict
Authors: Pratiwi Enditiyas , Nusantara Toto , Susiswo Susiswo , Muksar Makbul
Published: July 2022

Many studies showed that cognitive conflict often occurs in learning and when solving mathematics problems. However, very few studies have looked at cognitive conflicts in solving mathematics problems, incredibly improper fraction problems. This descriptive qualitative study described and analyzed students’ errors in solving mathematics problems using a commognitive perspective. The data was collected using a test sheet instrument, where students do the test think-aloud. The answers on the student test sheets were analyzed by adjusting the think-aloud that was carried out, and then the interview process was carried out as a form of triangulation of the method in the study. The data analysis results showed that there was a routine error that causes cognitive conflict when solving the improper fraction problem. The error that occurred indicates that the routine can and cannot resolve the cognitive conflict that occurs. This study’s findings indicated the importance of routine procedures to be understood so that their use is appropriate for solving mathematical problems.
Optimization of Russian primary school graduates’ self-esteem in the personality-developing learning environment
Authors: Ivanova Natalia Valentinovna , Suvorova Olga Veniaminovna
Published: July 2022

The article reveals the capacity of the designed personality-developing learning environment for optimizing the establishment of self-esteem among the fourth-grade pupils of Russian primary school graduates. Negative manifestations in the development of self-esteem of children in the fourth year of schooling along with insufficient knowledge of the environmental approach to the formation of self-esteem of fourth-grade pupils, make the material of the work relevant. The theoretical basis of the article is psychological and pedagogical research of Russian scientists in the field of the educational environment and self-esteem of schoolchildren. The author provides the content of an empirical research study. There were 213 fourth-grade schoolchildren took part. It reveals the embodied conditions and opportunities aimed at improvement of fourth-grade pupils’ self-esteem in each of the components of the experimental educational environment. The study proven that the personality-developing educational environment had a positive and statistically reliable effect on the level of self-esteem of the fourth-grade schoolchildren, as well as on the level of their aspirations. Research materials are useful for educational practice to optimize the personal growth of students aged 10-11 years.
The perception of Engineering students toward teaching performance on online learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Díaz-Leyva Teodoro , Dávila-Ignacio Carlos , Sanchez-Ayte Jorge , Ortega-Galicio Orlando , Olivares-Zegarra Soledad , Alvarado-Bravo Nestor , Trujillo-Perez Salvador , Torres-Quiroz Almintor , Razo-Quispe José , Aldana-Trejo Florcita
Published: July 2022

This study analyzed the perception of Mechanical Engineering and Systems Engineering students in the process of evaluating teacher performance in online teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was descriptive-correlational research. The results showed that the Systems Engineering students performed a better perception with the class session management factor and low qualification to the didactic strategies factor. Likewise, the Pearson correlation test indicated a significant relationship (0.000) between the specific factors on the overall performance factor. The topic factor has the greatest strength on the qualification of the overall performance factor, with a constant Pearson's correlation of 0.964. The Mechanical Engineering students showed a better perception with the class session planning factor and low qualification to the didactic strategies factor. Likewise, the Pearson correlation test indicated a significant relationship (0.000) between the specific factors on the overall performance factor. The didactic strategies factor being the one that has the greatest strength on the qualification of the overall performance factor, with a correlation constant Pearson's of 0.983.
The effects of multiple intelligences theory on learning success: A meta-analysis in social science
Authors: Syafii Ahmad , Machali Imam , Putro Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo , Retnawati Heri , 'Aziz Hafidh
Published: July 2022

Scholars have widely discussed meta-analysis studies on the theory of multiple intelligences. However, no research explicitly discusses the theory of multiple intelligences in the development of social science. This study determined the effectiveness of multiple intelligences on learning achievement in social studies. For this reason, researchers compiled a study that has been carried out to determine the effectiveness of multiple intelligences in meta-analysis. This study used a meta-analysis method. There are six articles used in the study based on the inclusion-exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis findings revealed that multiple learning intelligence had a modest and optimistic impact on students’ social science performance. This study also revealed the magnitude of the effect of multiple intelligence-based learning based on moderator variables at the level of education, treatment implementation time, and type of subject. The research findings provide suggestions for the development of research on multiple intelligence studies in the future.
Discursos contemporâneos sobre cidade à luz de um caso brasileiro: criação, ocupação e desocupação do Lago Paranoá de Brasília
Authors: Carmo Verônica Rodrigues do , Iahn Juliana Linder de Oliveira , Rabelo Talita Alves Morais e , Guimarães Sávio Tadeu
Published: July 2022

Revisitando-se os conceitos que abraçam as cidades torna-se nítida a relevância da natureza como fator indicativo de qualidade de vida. As mudanças urbanas ocorridas ao final do século XIX, favorecida pelas novas tecnologias de comunicação e transporte foram cenário para o surgimento da designação de “não-cidade”, além da incorporação da natureza à vida social, ressaltando-se a importância da estrita relação entre o projeto de urbanismo e o cuidado com a preservação dos recursos naturais. Neste sentido, inserem-se as denominadas cidades-jardins e, como vertente delas, Brasília. Planejada seguindo as premissas modernistas, onde as vastas áreas verdes serviam à conexão entre as escalas urbanas. Porém na tentativa de reproduzir a cidade ideal, reforçou-se a desigualdade de acesso aos espaços públicos qualificados.
Novo Mercado de São Brás: o discurso do declínio urbano e a apropriação do patrimônio
Authors: Dantas Adailson Soares
Published: July 2022

O artigo objetiva identificar e analisar os discursos que embasam a produção (simbólica e material) do espaço no âmbito do projeto de requalificação urbana e patrimonial “Novo Mercado de São Brás”, desenvolvido pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belém (PA). Para isso, utilizou-se o método de análise do discurso, que busca revelar o corpo significativo deste equipamento de importância histórica em uma perspectiva que o considera um espaço privilegiado de produção e de confronto de sentidos, muitos destes impostos por estruturas e sujeitos discursivos dominantes nem sempre explícitos.
Por entre arquivos, memórias e esquecimentos: a documentação da obra de Mário Di Lascio
Authors: Afonso Filipe Valentim , Filha Maria Berthilde de Barros Lima e Moura
Published: July 2022

Este artigo aborda a produção residencial do arquiteto paraibano Mário Glauco Di Lascio (nascimento em 1929), na cidade de João Pessoa (PB) entre 1957 e 1979, tema explorado por uma dissertação de mestrado. O objetivo é discutir os processos metodológicos da documentação de sua obra e de escrita de sua biografia, partindo de uma montagem de dados procedentes de variadas fontes, incluindo arquivos públicos e privados, testemunhos materiais e depoimentos orais. O texto organiza-se em três etapas complementares: a pesquisa no arquivo morto (a caça ao tesouro); no arquivo vivo (a vida e morte dos documentos); das fontes orais (os contadores de histórias). Afinal, discute-se como estes levantamentos fornecem pormenores que, quando devidamente explorados, enriquecem a trama sobre o arquiteto.
Narrativas e transformações: representações cartobiográficas do bairro do Guamá, Belém (1950-1970)
Authors: Silva Izabella , Chaves Celma
Published: July 2022

Entre as décadas de 1950 e 1970 o bairro do Guamá em Belém do Pará passou por diversas transformações em seu espaço construído, ocasionadas, sobretudo, pela ocupação que a área experimentou, bem como por processos que estavam em desenvolvimento na capital paraense e no território nacional. Observa-se que nas representações cartográficas deste período há uma omissão do bairro que dificulta entender o seu desenvolvimento. Este artigo apresenta a “cartobiografia” como um modo de representar as mudanças observadas, a partir dos relatos de moradores que foram testemunhas e agentes diretos de certas transformações. Objetiva-se entender o desenvolvimento do bairro e contribuir para a construção de uma história urbana da cidade de Belém que ultrapasse as fronteiras das áreas centrais.
Paper Soldiers on the March: Colonial Toys for Imperial Play
Authors: Garvin Diana
Published: July 2022

Under the Fascist regime, young Italians amused themselves by practicing the war games of adulthood. Paper soldiers marched across board games set in the newly established empire of Italian East Africa. To reveal how these vicious lessons worked, this article examines three types of toys. It starts with the design and deployment of paper soldiers: Italian Alpinisti, Eritrean Ascari, and Somali Dubat. Next, a playbook for The Conquest of Abyssinia boardgame provides a guide to military conquest. Finally, I examine where these toys come from, revealing the financial structures that underpinned colonial propaganda for Fascist government projects. Ultimately, toys wrote scripts for adult violence in the colonies.
Tupistra thangii (Asparagaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN DANH DUC , NGUYEN VAN CANH , TANAKA NORIYUKI
Published: July 2022

Tupistra thangii, a new species from Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to T. clarkei from eastern Nepal and northeastern India, but differs mainly in its broader leaves, upright or ascending spike, smaller flowers, laterally strongly revolute perianth lobes, stamens adnate to the subbasal portion of the perianth lobes, and whitish stigma. It also shares some key traits (e.g. internally white-striped, dark purple perianth tube) with T. natmataungensis from western Myanmar. Notes on the phenology, habitat, distribution and taxonomic relationships to several similar species are also provided.
Guo, R., Wang, J.M., Zhang, W., He, D., Yu, J. & Yang, D.M. (2022) Pteris pseudoamoena (Pteridaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 550 (3): 215–223.
Authors: GUO RUI , WANG JIA-MEI , ZHANG WEN , HE DAN , YU JING , YANG DONG-MEI
Published: July 2022

N/A
STRAUMA: A Novel Alert System for a Combined Stroke and Trauma
Authors: Lee Janet S. , Finch Heather , Higa Kelly , Khan Abid D. , Millar Janice , O’Neil Jonathan , MacIndoe Chamisa , Brockman Valerie , Stringer Donna , Schroeppel Thomas J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) can lead to traumatic injury. While timely administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can be lifesaving in CVAs, it is contraindicated with active bleeding. A STRAUMA is a combined stroke and highest-level trauma activation for patients with suspected CVA and signs of trauma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the STRAUMA activation on time to CT and patient outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on adult patients presenting to a Level 1 trauma and comprehensive stroke center with signs of CVA between 01/2019 and 09/2020. Patients who had a STRAUMA activation were compared to patients who had a stroke alert.

Results

Five hundred and eighty patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 111 had STRAUMA activations and 469 had stroke alerts. There were no differences in age, gender, or anticoagulation use. The STRAUMA group had a higher NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) (11 vs 5, P<.0001). The STRAUMA group had a longer time to CT (23.1 min vs 16.9 min, P<.0001) and a lower rate of tPA (13.5% vs 27.9%, P = .001). Time to tPA and thrombectomy were similar. The STRAUMA group had a 15% rate of traumatic injury with a median injury severity score of 9. Mortality was higher in the STRAUMA group (14.4% vs 6.0%, P = .003). Multivariable logistic regression identified NIHSS and time to CT as predictors of mortality. STRAUMA did not predict mortality.

Conclusion

The novel STRAUMA activation allows for an evaluation of both stroke and trauma to facilitate safe and timely administration of lifesaving interventions.
Accurately Measuring Molecular Rotational Spectra in Excited Vibrational Modes
Authors: Chevalier Paul , Piccardo Marco , Amirzhan Arman , Capasso Federico , Everitt Henry O.
Published: July 2022

Although gas phase rotational spectroscopy is a mature field for which millions of rotational spectral lines have been measured in hundreds of molecules with sub-MHz accuracy, it remains a challenge to measure these rotational spectra in excited vibrational modes with the same accuracy. Recently, it was demonstrated that virtually any rotational transition in excited vibrational modes of most molecules may be made to lase when pumped by a continuously tunable quantum cascade laser (QCL). Here, we demonstrate how an infrared QCL may be used to enhance absorption strength or induce lasing of terahertz rotational transitions in highly excited vibrational modes in order to measure their frequencies more accurately. To illustrate the concepts, we used a tunable QCL to excite v3R-branch transitions in N2O and either enhanced absorption or induced lasing on 20 v3rotational transitions, whose frequencies between 299 and 772 GHz were then measured using either heterodyne or modulation spectroscopy. The spectra were fitted to obtain the rotational constants B3and D3, which reproduce the measured spectra to within the experimental uncertainty of ± 5 kHz. We then show how this technique may be generalized by estimating the threshold power to make any rotational transition lase in any N2O vibrational mode.
Emergency Management in Urban China: Comparing the Role of Community Institutions in the Coronavirus Outbreak and in Other Disasters
Authors: Gao Huan
Published: July 2022

To combat the coronavirus epidemic, the city at the epicentre, Wuhan, China, was placed under strict lockdown in 2020 for 76 days. Unlike past emergency response situations in China, government-organised Residents’ Committees (RC), property management companies, and other community institutions played an unusually prominent role in enforcing the lockdown, providing essential services, and maintaining public order. This article explains the role of community institutions in emergency management in China through case studies of the 2008 earthquake in Chengdu, the 2016 flood in Wuhan, and later, the 2020 coronavirus outbreak. Drawing on databases of media reports and individual accounts, I argue that the administrative and coercive power of community institutions stems from their spatiality—from being embedded in gated residential communities, maintaining contact and familiarity with residents, and having control over physical structures. During earthquakes and floods, when the physical space that give community institutions power is changed and destroyed, the role of these organisations in emergency response diminishes. However, when facing an epidemic, in which structured physical space is not only unchanged but also reinforced, community institutions take the lead.
Book review: Arunabh Ghosh, Making it Count: Statistics and Statecraft in the Early People’s Republic of China
Authors: Wu Jiarui
Published: July 2022

Arunabh Ghosh, Making it Count: Statistics and Statecraft in the Early People’s Republic of China (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020), pp. 360, $45.00, ISBN: 9780691179476.
Examining the Efficacy of Project ECHO to Improve Clinicians’ Knowledge and Preparedness to Treat Adolescent Vaping
Authors: Oliver Alexander P. , Bell Lauren A. , Agley Jon , Bixler Kristina , Hulvershorn Leslie A. , Adams Zachary W.
Published: July 2022

As adolescent vaping reaches epidemic rates in the United States, it is imperative that pediatric clinicians have access to medical knowledge on best practices for screening, assessing, and treating vaping-related substance use. The Teen Vaping ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) program was developed to offer practical learning sessions focused on clinical management of adolescent vaping. This study describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of the program’s impact on participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding treatment of adolescent vaping from registration to the end of the series. Participants were generally knowledgeable about vaping at registration and reported significant increases in comfort talking with patients about vaping, counseling patients on nicotine replacement products, and frequency of implementing best-practice screening strategies at the end of the series. This study suggests ECHO programs focused on improving clinical management of adolescent vaping may increase accessibility of evidence-based care and reduce harms associated with vaping in youth.
Decent gig work in Sub Sahara Africa?
Authors: Ayentimi Desmond Tutu , Abadi Hossein Ali , Burgess John
Published: July 2022

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) economies are entrenched in traditional economic and employment structures driven by the informal sector. There is a small and regulated formal sector, built upon public sector employment. Unlike the discussion of gig work in advanced capitalist economies, the development of gig work in SSA is within an environment where employment standards and labour regulations are largely absent. The concern in developed countries is that gig work erodes the norm of regulated employment; in developing economies gig work is part of the norm of informal and unregulated employment. Gig work in SSA offers the potential for formalisation of production and work, new forms of agency, and supporting decent work. However, the challenge is how to realise this potential. The role of platforms in developing and transmitting decent work protocols into gig contracts is discussed as a potential means for supporting decent work in SSA.
Posttraumatic Cognitions and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Young People Who Have Experienced Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking
Authors: Perry Elizabeth W. , Osborne Melissa C. , Lee NaeHyung , Kinnish Kelly , Self-Brown Shannon R.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The impact of posttraumatic cognitions on the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) is understudied among children and adolescents who have experienced commercial sexual exploitation/trafficking (CSE/T). The objectives of this study were to (1) explore posttraumatic cognitions among help-seeking young people aged 11-19 who have experienced CSE/T; (2) determine whether experiencing direct violence, witnessing violence, polyvictimization (ie, multiple exposures to different categories of potentially traumatic events), or demographic characteristics differentially affect whether these young people meet clinical criteria for posttraumatic cognitions using established cutoffs; and (3) explore associations between posttraumatic cognitions and PTSS among young people who have experienced CSE/T.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of a baseline cross-sectional survey of 110 young people with substantiated CSE/T experiences who started trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (mean [SD] age = 15.8 [1.5]) from August 1, 2013, through March 31, 2020, in a southeastern US state. We used descriptive statistics, adjusted modified Poisson regression, and adjusted linear regression to test study objectives.

Results

Fifty-seven of 110 (51.8%) young people aged 11-19 met clinical criteria for posttraumatic cognitions. Increased age and a greater number of trauma categories experienced were significantly associated with meeting clinical criteria for posttraumatic cognitions. On average, higher posttraumatic cognition scores were associated with higher PTSS scores, controlling for demographic characteristics (β = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.64-1.26).

Conclusions

These findings underscore the importance of assessing comprehensive trauma history and PTSS of young people who have experienced CSE/T, with added usefulness of measuring cognitive appraisals to inform a therapeutic treatment plan. Measuring cognitive appraisals that may influence PTSS and therapeutic success can ensure an effective public health response for this population.
A word about . . . Anti-Asian racism
Authors: Durso Pamela R.
Published: July 2022

On March 16, 2021, a series of mass shootings occurred at three massage spas in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. Eight people were killed, six of whom were Asian women, and one victim was critically wounded. Expressions of horror and sorrow along with anger made headlines, but people in some communities expressed surprise that anti-Asian racism even exists. While conversations, commentary, and scholarship on racism in our country are plentiful, often missing is focus on the racism experienced by Asian Americans and Asians living in the United States, who have long been the target of expressions of discrimination and hatred. Such racism can be traced back to the mid-nineteenth century; yet until the shooting in Atlanta, limited media, congregational, or scholarly attention was given to the increased anti-Asian racism that resulted when COVID was declared a global pandemic. Christian individuals, congregations, seminaries, and organizations must consider our best response to both the tragic events and the long-term embedded anti-Asian racism in US culture. Leaders, pastors, and professors must raise awareness and seek to address internal racism of all forms in our congregations and institutions.
Where is the kingdom, power, and glory? A text-critical analysis of the doxology of the Lord’s Prayer in Matthew
Authors: Burks Matthew
Published: July 2022

Students of the Greek New Testament may often be surprised not to find the traditional English ending, or doxology (“For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen.”), of the Lord’s Prayer in the current critical editions of the Greek text (NA28/UBS5). This doxological ending finds its way into Greek manuscripts roughly around the fifth century, although the doxology is possibly found earlier in non-canonical Christian literature. Current translations around the world are split on adding or not adding the doxology. This article is divided into two parts: (1) a text-critical evaluation of the variants at the end of the Lord’s Prayer in Matthew and (2) a survey of the textual history of the doxology of the Lord’s Prayer specifically through five phases: oral tradition, early transmission, late transmission, early critical texts, and modern translations. Concluding comments suggest a mutually beneficial relationship between text-critical scholarship and the church/liturgical practices.
“We Will Not Bow”: The Late King’s Black Faith
Authors: Tranvik Isak
Published: July 2022

This essay turns to the late thought of Martin Luther King Jr. to bring matters of faith back into debates about dissent in liberal democracies. Drawing on unpublished speeches as well as scholarship in Black theology, religious studies, and political theory, I contend that the post-1965 King is not as interested in moral or pragmatic principles as many democratic theorists think. The late King’s movement, I argue, is animated by what Black liberation theologian James Cone calls “black faith.” Manifesting Jesus’s liberating love—a love that the late King believes already transformed and was still transforming the world—this movement with the poor and dispossessed is caring yet forceful, quotidian yet spectacular, and nonviolent yet revolutionary. Foregrounding the late King’s black faith and the movement it animates, I conclude, opens up new horizons for theorizing dissent.
Confidence in Their Craft: Assessing the Relationship Between Officer Work Experiences and Their Perceptions of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Somers Logan J. , Terrill William
Published: July 2022

The detailed study of officer experience has received relatively little attention within the policing literature despite it being integral to nearly every facet of their role. Drawing on survey data ( N = 691 officers), the current study examines how the unique work experiences of officers (i.e., shifts, crime areas, duty assignments, in-service trainings) are related to their perceptions of confidence (i.e., self-efficacy) in the ability to perform different job-related tasks. Results revealed that more tenured officers, having worked a greater number of shifts, and those who completed increased in-service trainings had significantly higher confidence in performing both law enforcement and order-maintenance/service-oriented duties. Several other officer characteristics were also found to have varying levels of significance in relation to their confidence. Overall, the findings support the inclusion of more nuanced measures of officer experience, as well as the potential applicability of self-efficacy theory within policing research moving forward.
Small and medium-sized enterprises response to Covid-19: The effect of external openness and procedural management
Authors: Fasth Jonas , Åkerman Niklas , Elliot Viktor , Hilmersson Mikael
Published: July 2022

Crisis management research is strongly influenced by the behaviour of large multinationals with few insights into how small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) mitigate the negative effects of exogenous shocks such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Inspired by the capability-based view on crisis management, we postulate that management openness and degree of interactivity determine SME crisis response. We test our theoretical model with an original dataset of 902 Swedish SMEs compiled from a telephone-based survey conducted in June 2020. We find that formalised procedures for crisis management and openness to input from others, particularly external actors, enhances an organisation’s ability to make a decisive rapid response. We discuss our findings and suggest that formalised procedures and openness are important components of an SME’s rapid response capability.
The effect of a buddy-style intervention on physical activity in community-dwelling older adults with disabilities: A 24-week follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takeda Hiromichi , Takatori Katsuhiko
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess the sustained effects of a buddy-style intervention aiming to improve physical activity.

Design

A parallel-group, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Three adult day-care centers.

Participants

Sixty-five community-dwelling older adults with disabilities.

Intervention

All participants received a 12-week home-based exercise program. An intervention group ( n = 33) received a 5–10 min buddy-style intervention once a week at an adult day-care center for older adults.

Main measures

The primary outcome was the average daily time spent performing “walking outside home” and “muscle strength exercises” at 24 weeks follow-up post-intervention.

Results

Of the 65 participants, one participant in each group dropped out before the program began, 4 and 5 in the intervention and control groups by the 12-week assessment, and 4 and 3 by the 24-week assessment, respectively. Analysis of covariance of the 47 participants who were able to be assessed after 24 weeks revealed that outdoor walking time (min/day) was significantly longer in the intervention group ( n = 24) than in the control group ( n = 23) at 24 weeks (intervention group, 73.5 [66.1]; control group, 42.7 [45.5]; P = 0.030, f = 0.38). There was no significant difference in the duration of muscle strength exercises (min/day) between the two groups at 24 weeks (intervention group, 8.2 [9.7]; control group, 6.5 [9.3]; P = 0.593, f = 0.08).

Conclusions

The buddy-style intervention increased the duration of outdoor walking, with a sustained effect up to 12 weeks after the end of the intervention.
Providing Emotional Support and Physical Comfort During a Time of Social Distancing: A Thematic Analysis of Doulas' Experiences During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Jewett Christian G. , Sobiech Kathleen L. , Donahue Marie C. , Alexandrova Maria , Bucher Sherri
Published: July 2022

Doulas are trained, non-clinical professionals that provide a continuum of support for mothers. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to explore the professional experiences of doulas ( n = 17) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Data were collected using brief intake surveys, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and an online discussion group. After a list of significant statements was created and grouped during emergent themes analysis, the reflections were summarized into three themes, (1) Doula Resilience, (2) Experiencing Vulnerability, and (3) Concern for Client Vulnerability that encapsulate the experiences of doulas during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude that as part of the COVID-19 recovery process, policy makers should look to non-clinical interventions for improving maternal health, such as promoting and supporting synergy between doulas and other maternal health service providers.
Bayesian iterative closest point for mobile robot localization
Authors: Maken Fahira Afzal , Ramos Fabio , Ott Lionel
Published: July 2022

Accurate localization of a robot in a known environment is a fundamental capability for successfully performing path planning, manipulation, and grasping tasks. Particle filters, also known as Monte Carlo localization (MCL), are a commonly used method to determine the robot’s pose within its environment. For ground robots, noisy wheel odometry readings are typically used as a motion model to predict the vehicle’s location. Such a motion model requires tuning of various parameters based on terrain and robot type. However, such an ego-motion estimation is not always available for all platforms. Scan matching using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is a popular alternative approach, providing ego-motion estimates for localization. Iterative closest point computes a point estimate of the transformation between two poses given point clouds captured at these locations. Being a point estimate method, ICP does not deal with the uncertainties in the scan alignment process, which may arise due to sensor noise, partial overlap, or the existence of multiple solutions. Another challenge for ICP is the high computational cost required to align two large point clouds, limiting its applicability to less dynamic problems. In this paper, we address these challenges by leveraging recent advances in probabilistic inference. Specifically, we first address the run-time issue and propose SGD-ICP, which employs stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to solve the optimization problem of ICP. Next, we leverage SGD-ICP to obtain a distribution over transformations and propose a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method using stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) updates. Our ICP variant, termed Bayesian-ICP, is a full Bayesian solution to the problem. To demonstrate the benefits of Bayesian-ICP for mobile robotic applications, we propose an adaptive motion model employing Bayesian-ICP to produce proposal distributions for Monte Carlo Localization. Experiments using both Kinect and 3D LiDAR data show that our proposed SGD-ICP method achieves the same solution quality as standard ICP while being significantly more efficient. We then demonstrate empirically that Bayesian-ICP can produce accurate distributions over pose transformations and is fast enough for online applications. Finally, using Bayesian-ICP as a motion model alleviates the need to tune the motion model parameters from odometry, resulting in better-calibrated localization uncertainty.
Rerounding of Deflected Thermoplastic Conduit in Well-Graded Aggregate Backfill
Authors: White Kevin , Sargand Shad , Khoury Issam
Published: July 2022

Rerounding is a technique for remediating excess deflection in thermoplastic pipe using a pneumatic device vibrating along the vertical axis and pushing against the inside crown and invert to restore the original pipe shape and redistribute the surrounding backfill. Since the process has not been evaluated on high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe outside of a few reports, and the method is routinely used by contractors to remediate deflected thermoplastic pipes, the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) wanted to evaluate the technology as a lower-cost and less disruptive alternative to the removal and reinstallation of deflected pipes. Three 36-in. HDPE pipes were installed in a well-graded crushed stone aggregate, sand, or AASHTO #57 open-graded aggregate (ODOT Structural Backfill, Types 1, 2, and 3, respectively), and two 18-in. pipes were installed in Types 2 and 3 Structural Backfill. Pipes were intentionally installed with substantial deflection (10% or more) and then rerounded. The pipe conditions were measured and monitored by collecting profiles, measuring vertical deflections and monitoring soil pressures, backfill characteristics, and the depth of pipe corrugation before and after rerounding. This paper focuses on Test Pipe 1 installed in Type 1 Structural Backfill, which was the most resistant to rerounding. Pressure data were consistent with the redistribution of backfill particles, particularly fines.
Pull-out Strength of Suture Anchor and Torque of Buddy Anchor for an Osteoporotic Humeral Head in Rotator Cuff Repair: Parallel Versus Divergent Insertion
Authors: Do Woo-Sung , Kim Joo-Hyung , Lim Joon-Ryul , Yoon Tae-Hwan , Chun Yong-Min
Published: July 2022

Background:

The buddy anchor technique is useful to reinforce loose anchors in the osteoporotic humeral head during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. However, theoretical parallel insertion of the buddy anchor to index a loose anchor is challenging in arthroscopy and can widen the entry site and decrease structural integrity.

Purpose:

To investigate and compare the biomechanical stability between 2 buddy anchor insertion techniques (parallel insertion vs divergent insertion) in the osteoporotic humeral head.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 24 paired fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used, and each pair was randomly assigned to either the parallel insertion group or the divergent insertion group. In the parallel insertion group, the buddy anchor was inserted parallel to the index loose anchor. In the divergent insertion group, the buddy anchor was inserted at a 20° angle in the medial direction to the index loose anchor. The insertion torque of the buddy anchor and ultimate pull-out strength of the index anchor were measured and compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

The mean maximum insertion torque was significantly higher in the parallel insertion group (16.1 ± 1.8 cN·m) compared with the divergent insertion group (12.0 ± 1.5 cN·m) ( P < .001). The mean ultimate pull-out strength was significantly higher with divergent insertion (192.2 ± 28.6 N) than with parallel insertion (147.7 ± 23.6 N) ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

For application of the buddy anchor system in the cadaveric osteoporotic humeral bone model, divergent insertion showed better ultimate pull-out strength than conventional parallel insertion, despite inferior maximum insertion torque.

Clinical Relevance:

The results of this study widen the applicability and accessibility for the buddy anchor system.
Evaluating the Oregon Experiential Learning Model: Findings from Clients, Students, and Alumni
Authors: Parker Robert , Margerum Richard D. , Steiner Bethany , Drlik-Muehleck Aniko , Bruce Josh , Howard Mike
Published: July 2022

Experiential learning has long been integral to planning education. For decades, the University of Oregon has offered a unique experiential model involving paying clients supported by nontenure track faculty. We utilize surveys and interviews to evaluate nine years of course delivery in relation to learning outcomes, work quality, and lessons learned. We found the model provides thorough professional training and excellent products due largely to client engagement and staffing support, but ongoing challenges include collaborative work programs, team dynamics, and integrating equity and inclusion. This model requires client and university investment, and we highlight transferable lessons for developing experiential learning programs.
Future of digital health and community care: Exploring intended positive impacts and unintended negative consequences of COVID-19
Authors: Fang Mei Lan , Walker Morven , Wong Karen Lok Yi , Sixsmith Judith , Remund Leslie , Sixsmith Andrew
Published: July 2022

Response to COVID-19 has both intentionally and unintentionally progressed the digitization of health and community care, which can be viewed as a human rights issue considering that access to health and community care is a human right. In this article, we reviewed two cases of digitization of health and community care during the pandemic; one in Scotland, United Kingdom and another in British Columbia, Canada. An integrated analysis revealed that digitization of health and community care has intended positive and unintended negative consequences. Based on the analysis, we suggest five areas of improvement for equity in care: building on the momentum of technology advantages; education and digital literacy; information management and security; development of policy and regulatory frameworks; and the future of digital health and community care. This article sheds light on how health practitioners and leaders can work to enhance equity in care experiences amid the changing digital landscape.
Virtual care and the influence of a pandemic: Necessary policy shifts to drive digital innovation in healthcare
Authors: Patterson Patrick B. , Roddick Jenna , Pollack Candice A. , Dutton Daniel J.
Published: July 2022

The potential for virtual healthcare to improve access to primary care services in Canada has long been a topic of discussion; however, implementation has been slow despite growing interest among the public. Non-essential service lockdowns implemented in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed rapid and widespread uptake of virtual healthcare delivery. It is important to consider how to maintain equitable access to virtual care following the pandemic. We conducted a narrative scoping review to understand barriers related to the sustained adoption of virtual primary care delivery in Canada. Barriers at the system, healthcare provider, and patient levels were related to digital health infrastructure, and the regulatory environment governing virtual care provision and remuneration for healthcare professionals. The article identifies areas where policy shifts by health system leaders could sustain the longer-term availability of Canadian virtual care services.
Swelling of kappa carrageenan hydrogels in simulated body fluid for hypothetical vessel occlusion applications
Authors: Wurm Florian , Lerchster Norbert , Pinggera Germar-Michael , Pham Tung , Bechtold Thomas
Published: July 2022

The swelling ability of kappa-carrageenan (KC) hydrogels was investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF). The SBF mimics the ionic concentrations in the vasa deferentia of human males. The study clarifies if these hydrogels can be adjusted to occlude the vasa deferentia by swelling. For this purpose, swelling to twice the initial volume is desirable. In this study, hydrogels of different primary potassium concentrations, biopolymer concentrations and ethanol-exchanged gels, were immersed in SBF either directly or after drying (pre-dried). We measured the absolute and relative swelling degree, and the swelling rates of the gels. Extensive pre-drying leads to irreversible gel densification and absolute swelling magnitudes decrease. We found that immersion into the SBF also leads to potassium ion accumulation, and network restructuring in the hydrogels. This markedly increases the storage moduli of the gel networks. The ion content in the gel structures also directly affects the swelling speed, the fastest swelling occurred in ethanol-exchanged and pre-dried gels. We found that by pre-drying and potassium content adjustment, swelling of the hydrogels is sufficient to render KC hydrogels as a possible candidate for the occlusion of the vasa deferentia.
Preparation and characterization of two novel osteoinductive fishbone-derived biphasic calcium phosphate bone graft substitutes
Authors: Zhu Qingfeng , Chen Tong , Xia Jinfeng , Jiang Danyu , Wang Shaohai , Zhang Yuntong
Published: July 2022

Many studies have reported on the conversion of natural resources into xenografts with hydroxyapatite (HA) as major component, but the extraction of biphasic calcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) from animal bones and transformation into bone graft substitutes are rarely reported. In this research, two kinds of fish bones were made into granular porous biphasic calcium phosphate bone graft substitutes with particle sizes between 500 to 1000 μm through a series of preparation procedures ( Salmo salar calcined at 900°C named Sa900 and Anoplopoma fimbria calcined at 800°C named An800). The chemical composition was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology and porous structure of the scaffolds were comparatively analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury porosimeter. The specific surface area of materials was measured by the nitrogen adsorption technique based on BET theory. Cytotoxicity and ectopic osteogenesis were also carried out to investigate the biocompatibility and osteoinductive potential of these materials. The results showed that both fishbone-derived scaffolds were composed of HA and β-TCP with different proportions, and numerous interconnected pores with different sizes were observed at the surface of materials. An800 had higher total porosity reaching 74.8% with higher interconnectivity and micropores mostly distributed at 0.27 μm and 0.12 μm, while Sa900 had a higher specific surface area and higher intraparticle porosity with nanopores mostly distributed at 0.07 μm. CCK-8 assays and Live/dead staining demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. Material-induced osteoid formation were observed on the interface of both internal pores and periphery of materials after implantation in muscle pouch of Wistar rats for 8 weeks which indicated some extent of osteoinductive potential of materials. The possible mechanism of material-induced osteogenesis and the effects of chemical composition, surface topography, and spatial structure on osteogenesis were also discussed in this paper.
Consensus-Seeking and Reversed Representation among Polish Officials in the Council of the European Union
Authors: Ławniczak Kamil
Published: July 2022

Most issues that come before the Council of the European Union are decided without any recorded opposition. Constructivist literature explains that informal norms encourage state officials to conduct negotiations according to the standards of compromise and restraint. I argue that another mechanism may help explain consensus: state representatives must convince their ministerial superiors to support the agreements they reach. Effectively, rather than just representing their capitals in one of the Council’s bodies, they speak to their political principals on behalf of their colleagues. This article presents the results of theory-oriented process-tracing research. It describes how the causal mechanisms leading to consensus can be conceptualized and operationalized. It shows the results of testing the existence of their observable implications in a material gathered through in-depth interviews with Council officials from Poland, who can be seen as a “least likely” case of informal norms socialization but who, at the same time, are rarely the focus of analysis in the existing literature.
#LongLiveDaGuys: Online Grief, Solidarity, and Emotional Freedom for Black Teenage Boys after the Gun Deaths of Friends
Authors: Gross Nora
Published: July 2022

This ethnographic study follows a group of Black teenage boys in their Philadelphia high school and online in the years following the shooting death of their friend. Within their peer group, the boys generally focus their shared memorializations on upbeat and affirming reminiscences, protecting each other from sadness but constraining their own emotional displays. In contrast, in the boys’ private worlds, most spend years actively working through their grief in material and embodied ways, including through objects they keep or wear. On social media, these private and public worlds converge as the boys regularly share their private grief expressions with public audiences and define their digital identities by loss. Contrary to popular worries about adolescent social media use, this research finds that for grieving Black boys online worlds offer unusual space for emotional freedom, social support, and solidarity around loss and a counter to restrictive racialized and gendered feeling rules.
Influences of carbon nanotube on structures and properties of compatibilized polylactide/polypropylene blend-based ternary nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Ji-Su , Hwang Gyu-Hyun , Kwon Young Seung , Jeong Young Gyu
Published: July 2022

To attain eco-friendly and multifunctional thermoplastic composites for advanced applications, a series of ternary nanocomposites based on compatibilized polylactide/glycidyl methacrylate-grafted polypropylene (PLA/PGMA, 80/20 by wt%) blend matrix and 0.5–10 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filler is manufactured by efficient masterbatch melt-compounding. Effects of MWCNT on the morphology, thermal, mechanical, rheological, electrical, and EMI shielding properties of the ternary nanocomposites are investigated. It is revealed that PGMA/MWCNT domains are partially formed owing to the selective interaction of MWCNT with PGMA in the blend matrix. MWCNTs contribute to accelerating the crystallization rates of PGMA and PLA matrix components in the ternary nanocomposites. The dynamic mechanical modulus and thermal stability of the ternary nanocomposites are improved with the increment of MWCNT loading. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites increases significantly from ∼10−11 S/cm to ∼10−3 S/cm with increasing the MWCNT content up to 10 wt%. The electrical percolation threshold of ∼4.0 wt% MWCNT is also found to be in good agreement with the rheologically estimated percolation threshold. The EMI shielding effectiveness of 1 mm thick ternary nanocomposite with 10 wt% MWCNT is measured to be ∼13.4 dB at 8 GHz, which indicates the shielding efficiency of ∼95.4% to incident EM waves.