bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Selected Stabilizers and Processing Aids on the Stability of a Double Emulsion Encapsulating Bitter Gourd Extract
Authors: Choudhary Urmila , Sabikhi Latha
Published: January 2021

Effect of three variables in differing concentrations [NaCl (3-5%), polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) (2-4%) and dairy protein-polysaccharide complexes (Whey protein concentrate(WPC-80)-gum Arabic(GA) and sodium caseinate(SC)-gum Arabic in 1:2 ratio)] on the stability of W1/O/W2 emulsion matrix that was used to encapsulate bitter gourd extract was evaluated. The double emulsion matrix was characterized by apparent viscosity, zeta potential, turbidity and sedimentation stability by visual appearance. The physical parameters of the double emulsion matrix were very highly significantly (p < 0.001) affected by all variables such as the concentration of salt, PGPR and complex (WPC-GA and SC-P) as well as their interactions. The double emulsions prepared with WPC-GA became unstable immediately after preparation or after one day of preparation. SC-GA stabilized double emulsions were found more stable than WPC-GA stabilized emulsions. A double emulsion containing 5% NaCl, 2% PGPR and 16.5% SC-GA were found most stable (10 days at 37°C) in comparison to other combinations used.
Pendekatan Model Discovery Learning dalam Keterampilan Teknik Shooting Permainan Bola Basket
Authors: Munir Ali , Arief Nur Wahyudi  , Aba Sandi Prayoga
Published: January 2021

Belajar mengajar merupakan salah satu tujuan dari undang-undang dasar 1945 yang tercantum pada alinea ke-4 yakni “Mencerdaskan Kehidupan bangsa” di mana sebuah pembelajaran ini sangat penting bahkan menjadi suatu landasan dari undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2003 yang terdapat pada pasal 1 ayat (18) dengan tercantumnya pengertian Wajib Belajar. Akan tetapi hasil daripada observasi di beberapa sekolah swasta maupun negeri ini masih banyak kurangnya interaksi yang baik antara guru dengan siswa karena faktor dari media/model pembelajaran bola basket yang monoton dan sarana prasarana yang sangat minim. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sehingga dengan adanya model pembelajaran berbasis discovery learning ini dapat membantu siswa untuk berperan aktif mencari edukasi ide-ide yang kreatif dan menarik di dalam permaian bola basket serta dapat membuat sumber pembelajaran yang tidak membosankan dikala sarana prasarana yang minim, seperti memadukan antara teknik shooting dengan nama-nama hewan serta membantu siswa untuk meningkatkan keterampilan teknik shooting dalam permainan bola basket.
Phosphate mineral associations from the Tres Arroyos aplite-pegmatites (Badajoz, Spain): Petrography, mineral chemistry, and petrogenetic implications
Authors: Garate-Olave Idoia , Roda-Robles Encarnación , Gil-Crespo Pedro Pablo , Pesquera Alfonso
Published: January 2021

In the Tres Arroyos granite-pegmatite system (Badajoz, Spain) a zoned aplite-pegmatite field occurs, with poorly evolved, intermediate, and Li-rich dikes intruded into metasediments, close to the contact with the Nisa-Alburquerque granitic batholith. A large variety of Fe-Mn phosphate minerals occur in the poorly evolved aplite-pegmatites; Al-phosphates occur mainly in the intermediate and Li-rich dikes. The Fe/(Fe + Mn) ratio of the Fe-Mn phosphates is the highest reported for aplite-pegmatite fields in the Central Iberian Zone, suggesting a low degree of fractionation for the poorly evolved aplite-pegmatites that host these minerals. In contrast, the high F contents observed in crystals of the amblygonite–montebrasite series from the intermediate and Li-rich aplite-pegmatites indicates a higher fractionation degree for these dikes. The relatively common occurrence of phosphate minerals in the three types of aplite-pegmatites from Tres Arroyos attests to a significant availability of P in the pegmatitic melt. In this granite pegmatite system, P first started behaving as a compatible element, thus favoring the crystallization of discrete phosphates, during the crystallization of the poorly evolved aplite-pegmatites. In more fractionated melts, where Fe-Mn-(Mg) contents were extremely depleted, P was still available, allowing the crystallization of the Al-phosphates, mainly of the amblygonite–montebrasite series, in the more evolved intermediate and Li-rich aplite-pegmatites. Subsolidus replacement of the early phosphate phases, such as those of the amblygonite–montebrasite series, by lacroixite, together with the presence of late Ca- and Sr-bearing phosphates such as jahnsite-(CaMnFe), whiteite-(CaFeMg), mitridatite, and goyazite, attest to a high activity of metasomatic fluids in the Tres Arroyos granite-pegmatite system. Consequently, variations in the phosphate mineral associations and in their chemical compositions reflect well the fractional crystallization processes suffered by the pegmatitic melts from the poorly evolved up to the Li-rich dikes, as well as the subsolidus history of the Tres Arroyos system.
Bismuth minerals from the intragranitic La Elsa NYF pegmatite, Potrerillos granite, Argentina: Monitors of fluid evolution from magmatic to hydrothermal stage
Authors: Škoda Radek , Novák Milan , Čopjaková Renata , Galliski Miguel Ángel , Márquez-Zavalía María Florencia , Sejkora Jiří
Published: January 2021

The NYF La Elsa pegmatite forms a subcircular, ∼30 m long, ∼20 m wide body enclosed in the parental Potrerillos granite, Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith, Argentina. The pegmatite has a typical zonal internal structure with a volumetrically significant quartz core and pods of magmatic fluorite. Along with biotite, mostly in the outer units, tourmaline (schorl, fluor-schorl) is common to abundant in most pegmatite units. Accessory minerals include common strongly hematitized ilmenite and rare euhedral crystals of bismuthinite, up to 2 cm long, occurring at the transition between the blocky zone and the quartz core. The bismuthinite was significantly replaced by bismutite I according to the reaction Bi2S3(s) + CO2(aq) + 6O2(aq) + 3H2O(l) = Bi2CO3O2(s) + 3H2SO4(aq). Subsequently, bismutite I was replaced by bismutite II and kettnerite. The former requires an influx of Ca and F and its formation can be characterized by the reaction Bi2CO3O2(s) + 2Ca2+(aq) + 2F–(aq) + CO32–(aq) = 2CaBiCO3OF(s). At the late hydrothermal stages bismutite was replaced by clinobisvanite/pucherite during influx of V according to the reaction Bi2CO3O2s + 2H3VO4(aq) = 2BiVO4(s)+ CO2(aq) + 3H2O(l). All Bi minerals are close to the ideal formulae with only minor Pb and ±Cu in bismuthinite and its secondary products. The crystallization sequence of Bi minerals is magmatic bismuthinite (S2–) → early hydrothermal bismutite I (CO32–) → medium stage bismutite II + kettnerite (CO32–, F–) → late stage clinobisvanite, pucherite (VO43–). Pegmatite-derived early subsolidus fluids were enriched in CO2, which was confirmed by confocal Raman microspectroscopy of fluid inclusions in quartz and caused breakdown of bismuthinite to bismutite. Calcium and F, necessary for kettnerite formation, were released during alteration of magmatic fluorite at acidic conditions. Vanadium was supplied by meteoritic H2O enriched in elements from altered magmatic minerals (biotite, ilmenite), either from the pegmatite or from the host granite.
Evaluación de un programa de intervención enpensamiento crítico a través de la controversia
Authors: Betancourth Zambrano Sonia , Diaz Muñoz Erika Patricia , Pantoja Narváez Gaby Tatiana
Published: January 2021

Antecedentes: La importancia de implementar en las instituciones educativas programas deintervención en pensamiento crítico radica en apostar por una educación integral y de calidad que conecteel ámbito académico con la realidad social. Además, la evaluación de estas intervenciones permiterealizar un seguimiento a su efectividad y practicidad, obteniendo resultados que posibilitan elfortalecimiento del programa. En este estudio se propone la controversia como método de evaluacióndado que suscita un espacio de reflexión, confrontación y conciliación de posturas frente al programa;resaltando entre los antecedentes que ha sido utilizada como una estrategia de pensamiento crítico, perosolo una vez como método de evaluación. Objetivo: evaluar a través de la controversia y la entrevistasemiestructurada un programa de intervención en pensamiento crítico desarrollado entre los años 2014-2019. Metodología: Se trabajó con docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales bajo unparadigma cualitativo con parámetros de la investigación acción. Resultados: evidencian que el programadesarrolló habilidades de interpretación, autorregulación y aptitudes investigativas en el estudiantado; noobstante, hace falta fortalecer la aplicación autónoma y colaborativa de las estrategias por parte de losdocentes. Conclusiones: la controversia es eficaz como método de evaluación, propiciando laparticipación activa de los docentes, quienes asumen una postura y presentan propuestas para elfortalecimiento del programa, generando finalmente una visión integral y argumentada del mismo. Estaevaluación aporta rigor metodológico a las prácticas educativas, contribuyendo a la educación de calidad.
India as a Net Security Provider in Indo-Pacific and Implications for the Region
Authors: Ullah Sufian , Hayat Zeeshan
Published: January 2021

The US determination to preserve the status-quo and consolidate its global pre-eminence as the sole superpower and China‘s objective to enhance its share in the global power structures are creating US and China great power competitors in the world, specifically in the Asia-Pacific. The initial US Asia-Pacific strategy, which the Trump administration termed as Indo-Pacific strategy, aims to contain China by increasing military presence and making counter-weights in the region. In this 'containing China‘ strategy, India is an important ally and the US sees India‘s potential in the Indian Ocean and beyond as a multiplying factor that could work towards furthering its strategic interests in the region. Therefore, in the wake of US Indo-Pacific Strategy, India portrays itself as an assertive American ally to emerge as a 'net security provider‘ that could further promote the latter‘s vested interests in the region. Hence, the active western support to India contributes to New Delhi‘s pursuit of becoming a regional hegemon. This puts other countries, including Pakistan and China, in serious security dilemma where their legitimate security interests are threatened by the Indo-US attempts to dominate the region. These trends suggest that regional stability is likely to face severe setbacks, and the countries might find themselves in serious military confrontations with each other.
Leindotteröl in Lasuren
Authors: Klump-Bickert Bettina
Published: January 2021

Mit veredelten Pflanzenprodukten können Holzlasuren nachhaltiger werden. Mit diesem Ansatz will ein hessischer Farbenhersteller auch die biologische Vielfalt auf Äckern fördern.
Biotechnologie: Schlüssel zu neuen Prozessen
Authors: Ruebberdt Kathrin
Published: January 2021

„Processes for Future“ – Verfahrenstechniker und Biotechnologen haben sich nicht weniger als die verfahrenstechnische und wissenschaftliche Antwort auf Herausforderungen wie den Klimawandel, die weltweite Ernährungssicherung und die Bereitstellung von Mobilität, Energie und Produkten auf die Fahne geschrieben. Dies zeigte deren gemeinsame Jahrestagung, die im September online stattfand.
Styrol aus Abfällen
Authors: Debande Audrey
Published: January 2021

Eine Frankfurter Chemiefirma stellt die weltweit ersten Spezial-Kunststoffe aus Küchenabfällen und Holzresten her. Diese Abfälle werden – ähnlich wie Erdöl – gecrackt. Aus den thermisch behandelten Abfällen isoliert das Unternehmen den aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoff Styrol.
Büyük Veri: Fırsatlar ve Tehditler
Authors: ÖZCAN Ali
Published: January 2021

Sanayi toplumunda siyasal, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel alanda kitle olan insanlar, bilgi toplumuna geçişle birlikte iletişim teknolojilerinin sunduğu hizmetlerle birer birey olarak konumlandırılmıştır. Bu bireyler teknolojiyle aracılı bir şekilde sürdürdükleri ilişkiyle gündelik yaşamlarında sürekli olarak dijital izler bırakmakta ve veriler üretmektedirler. Kaydedilen bu veriler her geçen gün büyük bir artış göstermekte, yazılımlar sayesinde işlenen bu verilerden soyut ve somut değerler üretilmektedir. Büyük veri (big data) olarak kavramsallaştırılan bu durumun karakteristik özelliği, verinin yapılandırılmış formdan yoksun olması ve sürekli bir akışın (veri boyutu) söz konusu olmasıdır. Veri miktarının yoğunluğunun önem arz etmesine rağmen asıl nokta, büyük veriyi yönetmek ve ondan faydalanmak için analiz ederek değere dönüştürmekte yatmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin birey ve toplum hayatında yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte ortaya çıkan büyük veri olgusuna ilişkin betimleyici bir yöntem kullanılacaktır. Büyük veri olgusuna ilişkin bakış açıları, büyük verinin karakteristik özellikleri ve yeni medya ortamında birer kullanıcı olan bireylerin büyük veriyle ilişkisel düzeyi fırsatlar ve tehditler boyutuyla tartışılacaktır.
Mobility Restrictions and the Control of COVID-19
Authors: Perrings Charles , Espinoza Baltazar
Published: January 2021

A recent study on the impact of mobility controls on the final size of epidemics by Espinoza, Castillo-Chavez, and Perrings (2020) found that mobility restrictions between areas experiencing different levels of disease risk and with different public health infrastructures do not always reduce the final epidemic size. Indeed, restrictions on the mobility of people from high-risk to low-risk areas can increase, not reduce, the total number of infections. Since the first response of many countries to the COVID-19 pandemic was to implement mobility restrictions, it is worth bearing in mind the implications of the Espinoza result when considering the effectiveness of such restrictions.
Understanding How Local-level Environment Stewardship Initiatives Increase Livelihood Resilience to Climate Change
Authors: Chorran Tenzin , Kuchimanchi Bhavana Rao , Karmakar Shreya , Sharma Himani , Ghosh Debarupa , Priyadarshini Pratiti
Published: January 2021

Common property resources (CPR) are central for the sustenance of biodiversity and rural communities in India. Weak institutional governance and the lack of tenure rights for local communities over CPRs is resulting in degradation and over-exploitation of resources making rural communities vulnerable across India. Climatic variabilities further exacerbate existing socio-ecological imbalances multifold. Within the broader area of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, this paper explores how restoration of CPRs through local environment stewardship initiatives contributes to the resilience of rural livelihoods in the face of climate change. A mixed-methods approach was employed to study this aspect in six villages in two districts in Rajasthan. It was found that secure property rights and collective management of CPRs enhances household resilience and improves ecological health. It concludes that processes supporting local self-governance need to be central to local adaptation to climate change, as they naturally create resilient and sustainable rural livelihoods.
The Economics of Common Pool Resources
Authors: Adhikari Bhim
Published: January 2021

The paper analyses open access and common property resource systems drawing insights from new institutional economics, especially property rights theory and policy analysis. This analysis of common pool resources (CPRs) under common property regimes indicates that local communities devise formal and informal institutions in managing the local commons. The paper further discusses how N. S. Jodha’s empirical work on the economics of CPRs has enhanced our understanding of the role of CPRs in the livelihood strategies of the poor in the developing world. Devolution of authority to local resource users is emphasized as an institutional imperative in designing appropriate forms of governance structures for CPR management.
Treatment of HCV Genotype-1a Infection with Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir in a Child Suffering from Thalassemia-Major
Authors: Mansoor Hafiz Javed , Walayt Muhammad Salman , Ahmed Hammad , Khan Mahtab Ahmad , Saeed Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Background: Beta thalassemia is the most common genetically transmitted disorder throughout the world. The life of a thalassemia patient depends on continuous blood transfusions, that can lead to various blood-borne viral infections mainly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Nevertheless, HCV infection is the most prevalent among blood transfusion-related blood-borne infections. Co-occurrence of thalassemia major with hepatic fibrosis,severe anemia, and iron over-load complicates HCV treatment. Additionally, treatment of HCV infection generally results in the manifestation of several drug-associated side effects, and the burden of continuous blood transfusions makes the condition worse.

Aim: Efficacy and safety of Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir in a HCV infected child suffering from thalassemia major.

Method: The patient was treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs including Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir for twenty weeks. The complete blood count (CBC) and Liver function test (LFT) data were obtained during the whole treatment. The efficacy and safety of treatment was evaluated by CBC and LFT values. The whole data was evaluated by Microsoft excel 2013.

Result: No significant side effect was observed during the whole treatment. The hemoglobin (Hb) level remained normal and did not require additional blood transfusion. The end of therapy response (ETR) was achieved after twenty weeks of treatment.

Conclusion: Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir were found effective in the thalassemia patient. There was no need for dose adjustment. The sustained viral response (SVR24) was achieved.
Significant H i and Metal Differences around the z = 0.83 Lens Galaxy toward the Doubly Lensed Quasar SBS 0909+532
Authors: Cashman Frances H. , Kulkarni Varsha P. , Lopez Sebastian
Published: January 2021

We report a large difference in neutral hydrogen (H i) and metal column densities between the two sight lines probing opposite sides of the lensing galaxy at z
lens = 0.83 toward the doubly lensed quasar SBS 0909+532. Using archival HST-STIS and Keck HIRES spectra of the lensed quasar images, we measure log N
H I = 18.77 ± 0.12 cm−2 toward the brighter image (A) at an impact parameter of r

A
= 3.15 kpc and log N
H I = 20.38 ± 0.20 cm−2 toward the fainter image (B) at an impact parameter of r

B
= 5.74 kpc. This difference by a factor of ∼41 is the highest difference between sight lines for a lens galaxy in which H i has been measured, suggesting patchiness and/or anisotropy on these scales. We estimate an average Fe abundance gradient between the sight lines to be ≥+0.35 dex kpc−1. The N
Fe II/N
Mg II ratios for the individual components detected in the Keck HIRES spectra have supersolar values for all components in sight line A and for 11 out of 18 components in sight line B, suggesting that Type Ia supernovae may have contributed to the chemical enrichment of the galaxy’s environment. Additionally, these observations provide complementary information to detections of cold gas in early-type galaxies and the tension between these and some models of cloud survival.
Remnants of naturalness in a reclaimed land of central Italy
Authors: Bonari Gianmaria , Fiaschi Tiberio , Fanfarillo Emanuele , Roma-Marzio Francesco , Sarmati Simona , Banfi Enrico , Biagioli Marco , Zerbe Stefan , Angiolini Claudia
Published: January 2021

Wetlands are among the most fragile habitats on Earth and have often undergone major environmental changes. As a study case in this context, the present work aims at increasing the floristic knowledge of a reclaimed land now turned into an agricultural lowland with scarce patches of natural habitats. The study area is named Piana di Rosia, and it is located in southern Tuscany (Italy). The compiled checklist consists of 451 specific and subspecific taxa of vascular plants. The life-form spectrum shows a predominance of hemicryptophytes, followed by therophytes. The chorological spectrum highlights a co-dominance of Euri-Mediterranean and Eurasian species along with many widely distributed species. The checklist includes seven species of conservation concern, three Italian endemics (Crocus etruscus Parl., Polygala vulgaris L. subsp. valdarnensis (Fiori) Arrigoni, and Scabiosa uniseta Savi), 41 alien species, 21 segetal species, and 11 aquatic macrophytes of which five helophytes and six hydrophytes. This study suggests that irreversible land-use changes in wetlands can lead towards a simplification of the flora. However, despite the deep transformations that the former wetland has undergone, the presence of some aquatic and protected taxa is interesting. From a conservation point of view, the natural value of this agricultural area could be enhanced and its current management partly reconsidered, thus preserving the remnants of naturalness present.
Phylogenetics of Leptocereus (Cactaceae) on Hispaniola: clarifying species limits in the L. weingartianus complex and a new species from the Sierra de Bahoruco
Authors: Majure Lucas C. , Encarnación Yuley , Clase Teodoro , Peguero Brígido , Ho Kelly , Barrios Duniel
Published: January 2021

The Antillean genus Leptocereus represents an in-situ radiation among the Greater and Lesser Antilles of 19 currently recognized species. Extensive fieldwork carried out in the Dominican Republic over recent years has revealed that the species limits of Leptocereus of Hispaniola are more complex than previously thought. There are four currently recognized species that occur on the island, L. demissus, L. paniculatus, L. undulosus and L. weingartianus. We evaluate species limits in this group based on DNA sequence data and phylogenetic analysis, morphological characters and a survey of herbarium specimens from across Hispaniola. Based on our analyses, it is clear that at least five species occur on the island of Hispaniola, with the new species from Sierra de Bahoruco, L. velozianus, described here. We provide an identification key, distribution maps and photographic plates for all species on Hispaniola based on our own fieldwork and the study of herbarium specimens. The description of yet another species of Leptocereus on Hispaniola reiterates the importance of the poorly studied, but yet biodiverse, seasonally dry tropical forest in the Antilles.
Alcan et Pechiney : une comparaison des processus de multinationalisation en période de croissance instable des marchés (de 1971 à la première moitié des années 1990)
Authors: Barjot Dominique
Published: January 2021

À partir des années 1970, le marché de l’aluminium connaît d’importantes mutations sous l’effet de la fin des oligopoles et d’une prise de pouvoir par les consommateurs avec la cotation du métal léger au LME. Cette transformation en profondeur de l’environnement économique allait bouleverser le paysage industriel de ce secteur, entraînant une vague de fusions-acquisitions entre producteurs. C’est ainsi qu’en 2003, le canadien Alcan prend le contrôle du n° 1 français de l’aluminium, Pechiney. Cette étude propose de retracer le parcours de ces deux entreprises face à l’internationalisation des marchés afin de comprendre les raisons qui ont amené la fin du champion national Pechiney, absorbé par son concurrent nord-américain. En fait, très tôt, les dés sont jetés. Dès les années 1950, Alcan avait mis en place une stratégie à l’international ambitieuse et performante, fondée sur la diversification vers l’aval et une présence sur les principaux marchés notamment en Europe. Cette physionomie allait lui permettre d’aborder sans trop de grandes difficultés l’instabilité du marché de l’aluminium des années 1970-1980. Or il n’en fut pas de même pour Pechiney.
Le Grand Chalon s’illustre dans l’art d’entraîner
Authors: Debost Jean-François , Di Ilio Patrice , Lagrange Jean-Claude , Laugerette Isabelle , Martin Sébastien
Published: January 2021

Depuis le xix e siècle, sur le territoire de Chalon-sur-Saône et des forges du Creusot, se sont développées les activités mécaniques, la métallurgie, la fabrication de produits métalliques et la fabrication de verre. Aujourd’hui, le nucléaire dynamise le tissu économique local. Cet article met en évidence la capacité de ce territoire à diversifier ses activités, son implication dans les domaines de la formation industrielle et de la transformation numérique, ainsi que la solidarité des industriels face à la crise de la Covid-19.
Une flamme et mille défis : enchanter les grands événements du monde
Authors: Berthonneau Christophe
Published: January 2021

Bâti par des artistes et basé en Camargue, le Groupe F est mondialement reconnu pour son excellence. Celle-ci repose sur plusieurs piliers : la maîtrise du feu comme forme d’expression, un outil d’une redoutable efficacité pour concevoir en un temps record des spectacles enchanteurs destinés à un large public, une équipe pluridisciplinaire animée par les défis et soudée par une communauté d’esprit, une indépendance vis-à-vis des pouvoirs publics… L’entretien de cette flamme les conduit à adapter l’entreprise aux changements des temps.
La Mesnardière et les possédées de Loudun
Authors: Closson Marianne
Published: January 2021

Le Traitté de la melancholie , paru en 1635, est la première œuvre de La Mesnardière. En soutenant la thèse de la possession des religieuses de Loudun, le jeune médecin de vingt-quatre ans obtint la protection de Richelieu, d’autant plus que son texte, adressé aux « honnestes gens », s’inscrivait habilement dans le courant des idées et des valeurs nouvelles. La comparaison avec l’abbé d’Aubignac, qui ne vit que « fourberie » chez les possédées, éclaire l’opportunisme du jeune auteur.
Alinde de La Mesnardière, ou les tentations tragi-comiques de la tragédie élégiaque
Authors: Baby Hélène
Published: January 2021

Alinde , seule tragédie de La Mesnardière, est une pièce méconnue, dont la critique se contente d’affirmer qu’elle illustre le projet littéraire de la tragédie élégiaque, théorisé par son auteur dans La Poétique . L’article revisite cette équivalence en faisant apparaître le modèle tragi-comique qui sous-tend la pièce, dont le sujet inventé et romanesque exploite un déguisement de fuite pour amener une reconnaissance inutile, et dont la structuration actorielle présente des épisodes inachevés.
« Les roses parmi les épines ». La Mesnardière praticien et théoricien de la poésie scientifique
Authors: Chométy Philippe
Published: January 2021

Avec l’ Hymne des belles Connaissances de la Nature , La Mesnardière s’inscrit dans la lignée des grands poètes-philosophes français des XVI e  et XVII e  siècles. Avec ce « poème de science », il vise à « civiliser » la poésie scientifique, c'est-à-dire à la rendre aimable, acceptable et accessible au public mondain. La forme du recueil dans lequel ce poème s’insère joue un rôle majeur dans sa réception. L’appareil des notes savantes y concourt également.
Les élections, principal théâtre de la crise de l’État égyptien
Authors: Steuer Clément
Published: January 2021

Le système partisan représente un poste d’observation privilégié pour étudier la crise systémique de l’État égyptien. En même temps, il constitue une arène au sein de laquelle l’État cherche à résoudre cette crise à travers les élections, afin de trouver un nouveau modèle pour ses relations avec la société. L’ancien parti hégémonique (le parti national démocratique, PND) était entré en crise dès les années 1990, du fait de la montée en puissance de nouvelles élites sociales, principalement les hommes d’affaires. Parallèlement, les partis d’opposition étaient trop faibles pour attirer ces nouvelles élites, ou même pour jouer un rôle dans l’expression de la demande sociale. Ils se sont également avérés incapables de remplir le vide laissé par la dissolution du PND en 2011, laissant le champ libre à l’islam politique, malgré la croissance du corps électoral et la politisation du vote pendant la période 2011-2013. Mais soutenus principalement par les zones pauvres et marginalisées du Sud et des frontières du pays, les islamistes durent faire face à l’hostilité des populations du cœur de l’Égypte (Le Caire, Alexandrie, le Delta et le Canal) lorsqu’ils parvinrent au pouvoir en 2012. Depuis leur chute en 2013, le régime a essayé de mettre en place différents modèles de lien entre l’État et la société : formation d’une nouvelle élite à travers la création du Parti de l’Avenir de la Patrie, coalition nationale des partis séculiers existants, ou fusion desdits partis en trois ou quatre entités. Jusqu’à présent, toutes ces tentatives ont tourné court, et un nouveau modèle de relation entre l’État égyptien et sa société reste à trouver.
La démocratie de l’abstention en situation autoritaire : retour sur les élections législatives et locales de 2017 en Algérie
Authors: Benzenine Belkacem
Published: January 2021

Les élections législatives organisées en mai 2017 en Algérie ont enregistré le taux de participation le plus faible depuis 1962. Bien que la plupart des partis aient présenté des candidats à ces élections et en dépit de la forte campagne médiatique menée par les autorités, de la mobilisation des institutions gouvernementales et même des mosquées, le taux de participation n’a atteint que 35 %. Même si la participation est plus importante lors des élections locales de novembre 2017, la forte abstention enregistrée lors des scrutins de 2017 est significative d’un changement dans les comportements électoraux des Algériens. Malgré l’absence d’une campagne de boycott organisée, les appels lancés à travers les réseaux sociaux ont largement contribué à dissuader les Algériens à prendre part aux élections. Quelles sont les raisons de l’abstention des électeurs algériens ? En quoi l’abstention constitue-t-elle un enjeu pour le pouvoir algérien ? Quel est l’impact de l’abstention sur la vie politique ? C’est à ces trois questions que propose de répondre cet article. Après un examen du contexte politique dans lequel se déroulent les consultations électorales de l’année 2017, nous étudierons les facteurs de l’abstention et analyserons les dimensions géographiques de la participation. L’analyse est basée sur des entretiens auprès de citoyens algériens ayant choisi de s’abstenir lors des élections législatives et locales de 2017. Elle s’appuie également sur un corpus de presse traitant, d’un côté, les appels à une participation massive émanant du gouvernement et ses soutiens (partis, syndicats, société civile) et, de l’autre, les appels de quelques partis et personnalités politiques au boycott de ces élections.
Rotational Alignment of the Tibial Component in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bindelglass David F
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

This study compares two different methods of aligning the tibial component in a total knee arthroplasty, one by aligning the component with the border between the medial one third and lateral two thirds of the tibial tubercle and the other by allowing the component to seek its own position as the knee is taken through a range of motion. The first technique emphasizes the need to maintain an appropriate quadriceps angle for optimum patellar tracking and the second method optimizes femorotibial kinematics. The two methods suggest different positions for the tibial component, with the tibial component internally rotated an average of 5.6 mm from the border between the medial one third and lateral two thirds of the tibial tubercle when allowed to seek its own rotation. Surgeons must be aware of the choices they are making when selecting a method of aligning the tibial component. The prosthesis used in this study had a relatively high level of rotational constraint. The situation is somewhat different in a less constrained design.
Idiopathic Tractional Corectopia
Authors: Atkinson C Scott , Brodsky Michael C , Hiles David A , Simon John W
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Four infants were referred for congenital unilateral corectopia. In each case, the abnormal position of the pupil was caused by a fibrous structure that tethered the iris pupillary margin to the peripheral cornea. No patients showed characteristics of intrauterine infection, Rieger anomaly, ectopia lentis et pupillae, or iris coloboma. Amblyopia was not present in any of the patients. Three children demonstrated progression of the corectopia in the first 6 months of life. Two who developed shallow anterior chambers were treated surgically, one with an Nd:YAG laser and the other with incisional surgery. The third was treated with medical mydriasis. All four children have had favorable visual outcomes to date. The origin of the tethering strands is unclear but may be related to incomplete regression of vessels from the embryologie vascular system. We recommend medical or surgical intervention for unilateral corectopia when the pupillary aperture is displaced peripheral to the central visual axis or when the position of the iris threatens angle structures. Prophylactic occlusion therapy may also be indicated.
La genèse et la manifestation des structures d’un point de vue cognitiviste et (post-)structuraliste
Authors: Miravete Sébastien
Published: January 2021

L’objectif de ce travail est de reposer un problème caractéristique des sciences humaines contemporaines. Les structuralistes sont en effet parvenus à mettre au jour des « structures », mais ils n’ont pas expliqué la formation de celles-ci ou la manière dont celles-ci se manifestent, par exemple, sous la forme de normes phonologiques ou sociales particulières. Il ne semble pas toujours possible en effet d’expliquer leur apparition à partir du génome humain. Comment les êtres humains parviennent-ils, dès lors, à acquérir des structures et à leur donner une apparence spécifique ? Il est possible, selon nous, d’adopter une méthodologie structuraliste pour penser la genèse et la manifestation des structures, même si une telle approche peut sembler paradoxale au premier abord. Cette nouvelle manière de penser les structures diffère radicalement du structuralisme classique (1.1. à 1.4.) hérité de Jakobson et de Lévi-Strauss, dans la mesure où elle aboutit à une refonte intégrale du concept de structure (2.1. à 2.3.). Nous verrons dans quelle mesure ce (post-)structuralisme, inspiré de nos propres recherches en psychologie cognitive sur le conditionnement (2.1.) et sur les groupements configurés (2.2.), rend compte de l’apparition des structures acquises par l’être humain, mais aussi de leur nombre relativement restreint. Les notions de relation (cf. 1.3.), de sujet (cf. 2.1.), d’interdisciplinarité et d’écologie (cf. 2.3.) seront revisitées et serviront à illustrer quelques-unes des perspectives offertes en sciences humaines et sociales par un tel cadre d’investigation. Nous tâcherons enfin d’exposer dans quelle mesure un tel projet repense le rapport entre les sciences et la philosophie et renoue, en partie, avec celui proposé par Simondon dans l’allagmatique. (cf. 2.3.4.).
Le front pionnier agro-désertique égyptien, par-delà rural et ruralité ?
Authors: Acloque Delphine
Published: January 2021

Depuis le milieu du XXe siècle, les périphéries désertiques égyptiennes sont devenues le lieu de projection de l'avenir de l'agriculture nationale. Une véritable frontière agro-désertique a émergé, se déplaçant à des rythmes inégaux au cours des six dernières décennies. Cet article se propose d'éclairer la nature des nouveaux territoires agro-désertiques égyptiens et de comprendre en quoi ils interrogent les catégories de rural et de ruralité. La question du rapport au territoire de la nouvelle agriculture et de ses acteurs est posée, ceci depuis les parcelles de petits paysans au sein de villages créés ex-nihilo jusqu'aux exploitations agro-capitalistes contemporaines, parfois distantes de plusieurs centaines de kilomètres des principaux espaces de peuplement. Faut-il s'affranchir du concept de ruralité pour rendre compte des espaces du front pionnier égyptien ? Comment penser l'agricole sans rural et quelles catégories construire pour caractériser ces néo-territoires agro-désertiques ?
Retour sur les lieux de l’evénement : l’image « en creux »
Authors: Bertho Raphaële
Published: January 2021

L’événement ne semble pas pouvoir exister s’il n’en existe pas d’images. Face à ce débordement, à ce « trop plein » visuel, on observe l’apparition d’une posture nouvelle dans le champ de la photographie contemporaine. Comme « en creux » du phénomène médiatique, ces images travaillent à l'évocation des grands évènements contemporains tout en étant vides de leur représentation explicite. Elles proposent un retour sur l’événement, un retour sur les lieux, pour tenter d’ouvrir un espace de réflexion sur, par, et dans l’image. Le « creux » n’est pas une représentation de l’absence ou de la disparition, mais du manque, celui de traces visibles de l’événement. Ces œuvres posent la question de la transmission de l’expérience tout en découvrant la puissance de l’anodin dans notre rapport au passé.
TSLP-Driven Chromatin Remodeling and Trained Systemic Immunity after Neonatal Respiratory Viral Infection
Authors: Malinczak Carrie-Anne , Parolia Abhijit , Fonseca Wendy , Morris Susan , Rasky Andrew J. , Bawa Pushpinder , Zhang Yuping , Mire Mohamed M. , Ziegler Steven F. , Ptaschinski Catherine , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Lukacs Nicholas W.
Published: January 2021

Our studies have previously shown a role for persistent TSLP production in the lungs of mice after early-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection that leads to an altered immune phenotype, including accumulation of “inflammatory” dendritic cells (DC). This study investigates the role of TSLP driving systemic trained immunity in DC in early-life RSV-infected mice. Bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDC) from early-life RSV-infected mice at 4 wk postinfection showed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines, including Tslp, that regulate immune cell function. The adoptive transfer of BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice was sufficient to exacerbate allergic disease development. The addition of recombinant TSLP during differentiation of BMDC from naive mice induced a similar altered phenotype as BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice, suggesting a role for TSLP in the phenotypic changes. To assess the role of TSLP in these changes, global transcriptomic characterization of TSLPR−/− BMDC infected with RSV was performed and showed a higher upregulation of type 1 IFN genes and concomitant downregulation of inflammatory genes. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing analysis demonstrated that TSLPR−/− BMDC had a parallel gain in physical chromatin accessibility near type 1 genes and loss in accessibility near genes related to RSV pathology, with IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and STAT3 predicted as top transcription factors binding within differentially accessible regions in wild-type. Importantly, these studies show that in the absence of TSLP signaling, BMDC are able to mount an appropriate type 1 IFN–associated antiviral response to RSV. In summary, RSV-induced TSLP alters chromatin structure in DC to drive trained innate immunity and activates pathogenic gene programs in mice.
Surveillance of COVID-19 in Cameroon: Implications for policymakers and the healthcare system
Authors: Bonnechère Bruno , Sankoh Osman , Samadoulougou Sékou , Yombi Jean Cyr , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati
Published: January 2021

At first less impacted than the rest of the world, African countries, including Cameroon, are also facing the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the spread of the COVID-19 in Cameroon, one of the most affected countries in sub- Saharan Africa. We used the data from the Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, reporting the number of confirmed cases and deaths, and analyzed the regularity of tests and confirmed cases and compared those numbers with neighboring countries. We tested different phenomenological models to model the early phase of the outbreak. Since the first reported cases on the 7th of March, 18,662 people have been diagnosed with COVID-19 as of the 24th of August, 186,243 tests have been performed, and 408 deaths have been recorded. New cases have been recorded only in 50% of the days since the first reported cases. There are considerable disparities in the reporting of daily cases, making it difficult to interpret these numbers and to model the evolution of the pandemic with the phenomenological models. Currently, following the finding from this study, it is challenging to predict the evolution of the pandemic and to make comparisons between countries as screening measures are so sparse. Monitoring should be performed regularly to provide a more accurate estimate of the situation and allocate healthcare resources more efficiently.
Acupuncture as a Treatment Choice for Persistent Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis-Related Symptoms
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Samara Evangelia , Pierris Nikolaos , Karanasiou Vasiliki , Christopoulos Georgios , Kefalas Konstantinos , Zioutos Konstantinos
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim:

In several chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) cases, symptoms persist despite bacterial eradication. Since acupuncture has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, it may be an effective treatment option for clinically untreated CBP cases. In order to investigate the above hypothesis, we performed a pilot study.

Methods:

Patients with persistent CBP-related symptoms and confirmed bacterial eradication were randomly allocated to acupuncture or conventional medical treatment. Symptom burden was assessed at baseline, weeks 4 and 12. Eight patients received 30-min sessions of acupuncture twice weekly for 1 month (Group 1), ten patients received lornoxicam 8 mg orally once daily for 1 month (Group 2), eight patients received Serenoa repens (SR) 320 mg twice daily for 1 month (Group 3), and nine patients received pregabalin 25 mg twice daily for 1 month (Group 4). The primary outcome is the proportion of responders at week 4 with significant change from baseline in the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) total score and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at week 4. Secondary outcomes included ratings of clinical pain (visual analog scale) and quality of life at week 12.

Results:

At week 4, no statistically significant differences in the mean decrease of NIH-CPSI and IPSS total scores from baseline among groups were noted. After 12 weeks, none of the participants experienced complete resolution of pain. Differences in the mean pain and quality of life levels were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

Acupuncture is an effective treatment option for persistent CBP-related pain however is inferior to conventional medical treatment in reducing CBP-related lower urinary tract symptoms. For this reason, it may be offered in combination with medical therapy in patients with combined symptoms.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Bladder Stones
Authors: Karagiotis Theodoros , Papatsoris Athanasios , Skolarikos Andreas , Deliveliotis Charalampos
Published: January 2021

Bladder lithiasis accounts for around 5% of all urinary tract stones diseases with typical symptoms dysuria, hematuria, urgency and intermittent urination. therapy, percutaneous procedures, and open surgical treatments have been replaced by transurethral lithotripsy. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of vesical lithiasis. A total of 47 patients underwent ESWL for bladder calculi, using the electromagnetic Dornier Lithotripter S. Stone and prostate size as well as postvoid urine residual was determined with sonography. The success of the procedure was determined in the absence of stone fragments after 4 weeks. The mean age of patients was 69.1 years (34–93 ± 11.43) with a median prostate size at 50.1 cm3 (0–85 ± 15.81) and an average postvoid residual at 131 ml (50–190 ± 32.82). The mean size of lithiasis was found 1.97 cm (1–4.5 ± 0.79) and the median number of impact waves 2704.34 (1800–3000 ± 293.37) with the average duration of session 20.63 min (15–25 ± 2.63). Only two patients received analgesic treatment and the mean pain visual analog scale score was 1.73 (0–4 ± 0.98). The stone-free rate was found at 76.5% (36/47) and no severe complications (Clavien–Dindo >2) were observed. ESWL is a safe and efficient alternative for the management of vesical lithiasis, especially for high-risk patients that are not candidates for a more invasive treatment.
Nigerian radiographers and non-accidental injury in children
Authors: Ewuzie Odira C.
Published: January 2021

Background:

It is not uncommon to hit children in Nigeria, hence there is an increased possibility of encountering children with non-accidental injury (NAI). Radiographers are one of the first-line caregivers in a hospital setting, hence it is important that they are able to identify and act appropriately in cases of suspected NAI in children

Objective:

The objective of this study was to establish Nigerian radiographers’ awareness and role both before and after identifying NAI in children.

Materials and Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that assessed radiographers’ awareness and role in identifying NAI in children. A Google Form link was distributed through various Nigerian radiographers’ WhatsApp groups, inviting interested radiographers to participate in the survey. Data were analyzed by using IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results were presented by using tables and charts.

Results:

Ninety-eight radiographers working across the federation participated in the online survey. A total of 53.1% of the respondents clearly understood what NAI meant, whereas 59.2% never participated in the imaging of a child for NAI investigation. Only 12.3% were confident that they were very competent in identifying radiological signs of NAI in children.

Conclusion:

Although most radiographers understand what NAI means, very few agree that they have been formally trained in pediatric imaging, hence they lack the expertise in acting appropriately in cases of suspected NAI in children. The radiographers strongly believe that they would benefit from proper training to handle cases of NAI in children.
Exploring the Resourcefulness of an Underutilized Modality
Authors: Ezeofor Salome Nwaelom , Iloanusi Nneka Ifeyinwa , Okere Philip Chinedu
Published: January 2021

Ductography (DG), also called galactography, is an important imaging diagnostic tool for evaluating patients with suspicious nipple discharge (SND). It is practical and cost-effective yet it is heavily underutilized in resource-constrained countries. The aim of this review was to explore the use of conventional DG as a diagnostic tool in the management of patients with pathologic or SND. This is a review of available literature on DG and SND over the past 36 years. In patients with SND, conventional DG is still a valuable, simple, and cost-effective imaging tool for the accurate localization of causal intra-ductal lesions including breast cancer. In resource-challenged environments, therefore, promoting ductographic diagnosis is cost-effective and attractive because it also affords curative targeted duct excisions.