bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and cognitive improvement following full-spectrum, high-cannabidiol treatment for anxiety: open-label data from a two-stage, phase 2 clinical trial
Authors: Dahlgren Mary Kathryn , Lambros Ashley M. , Smith Rosemary T. , Sagar Kelly A. , El-Abboud Celine , Gruber Staci A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Evidence suggests cannabidiol (CBD) has anxiolytic properties, indicating potential for novel treatment strategies. However, few clinical trials of CBD-based products have been conducted, and none thus far have examined the impact of these products on cognition.

Methods

For the open-label stage of clinical trial NCT02548559, autoregressive linear modeling assessed efficacy and tolerability of four-weeks of 1 mL t.i.d. treatment with a full-spectrum, high-CBD sublingual solution (9.97 mg/mL CBD, 0.23 mg/mL Δ−9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in 14 outpatients with moderate-to-severe anxiety, defined as ≥16 on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) or ≥11 on the Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS).

Results

Findings suggest significant improvement on primary outcomes measuring anxiety and secondary outcomes assessing mood, sleep, quality of life, and cognition (specifically executive function) following treatment. Anxiety is significantly reduced at week 4 relative to baseline (BAI: 95% CI = [−21.03, −11.40], p < 0.001, OASIS: 95% CI = [−9.79, −6.07], p < 0.001). Clinically significant treatment response (≥15% symptom reduction) is achieved and maintained as early as week 1 in most patients (BAI = 78.6%, OASIS = 92.7%); cumulative frequency of treatment responders reached 100% by week 3. The study drug is well-tolerated, with high adherence/patient retention and no reported intoxication or serious adverse events. Minor side effects, including sleepiness/fatigue, increased energy, and dry mouth are infrequently endorsed.

Conclusions

Results provide preliminary evidence supporting efficacy and tolerability of a full-spectrum, high-CBD product for anxiety. Patients quickly achieve and maintain symptom reduction with few side effects. A definitive assessment of the impact of this novel treatment on clinical symptoms and cognition will be ascertained in the ongoing double-blind, placebo-controlled stage.
Genetic determinants for the racial disparities in the risk of prostate and testicular cancers
Authors: Uzamere Ivie , Wang Yinqiao , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhu Yong
Published: November 2022

Background

A worldwide higher incidence of prostate cancer and lower incidence of testicular cancer in men of African ancestry compared to European ancestry has been observed previously. However, underlying mechanisms accounting for these observations are largely unknown.

Methods

The current study analyzed previously reported SNPs associated with either prostate cancer or testicular cancer to examine whether the risk allele frequency could help us understand the observed incidence disparities in men of African ancestry and European ancestry. Both t-test and regression analysis were performed.

Results

Here we show that men of African ancestry are more likely to have risk alleles of prostate cancer and less likely to have risk alleles of testicular cancer compared to men of European ancestry.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that genetic factors may play an important role in the racial disparities in the risk of prostate and testicular cancers.
A novel anthocyanin electrospun film by caffeic acid co-pigmentation for real-time fish freshness monitoring
Authors: He Hongmei , Song Yudong , Li Meini , Zhang Hao , Li Jiali , Huang Hui , Li Yongxin
Published: November 2022

The co-pigmentation of anthocyanins and caffeic acid was combined with electrospinning to detect freshness. The stability of anthocyanins and the sensibility of volatile ammonia have been improved by co-pigmentation.
Sustained release of heme–albumin as a potential novel therapeutic approach for age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Allyn Megan M. , Rincon-Benavides Maria A. , Chandler Heather L. , Higuita-Castro Natalia , Palmer Andre F. , Swindle-Reilly Katelyn E.
Published: November 2022

ROS-responsive polydopamine nanoparticles sustain release of heme–albumin, increasing HO-1 expression in retinal cells, demonstrating a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of inflammatory conditions such as age-related macular degeneration.
An ato-topology metal–organic framework with large C2H2 adsorption and C2H2/CO2 separation capacity
Authors: Wang Ting , Jiang Zhi-Jie , Wang Ying , Wei Rong-Jia , Zeng Heng , Lu Weigang , Li Dan
Published: November 2022

The industrial separation of C2H2/CO2 is an energy-intensive process due to their similar molecular shapes. Here we demonstrate an ato-topology MOF with not only large C2H2 adsorption capacity but also high C2H2/CO2 selectivity.
Reactions and catalytic applications of a PNCNP pincer palladium hydride complex
Authors: Chang Jiarui , Ding Man , Mao Jia-Xue , Zhang Jie , Chen Xuenian
Published: November 2022

A PNCNP-pincer palladium hydride complex possesses strong deprotonating ability and versatile catalytic activity and its pincer backbone exhibits high water stability.
Correlating multimode strain and electrode configurations for high-performance gradient-index phononic crystal-based piezoelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Kim Dae-Su , Choi Wonjae , Kim Sun-Woo , Kim Eun-Ji , Nahm Sahn , Kim Miso
Published: November 2022

A pattern electrode design suitable for a gradient-index phononic crystal-based piezoelectric energy harvesting system is derived from multimode strain analysis, yielding an unprecedented power output of 7.1 mW in elastic wave energy harvesting.
Probing foams from the nanometer to the millimeter scale by coupling small-angle neutron scattering, imaging, and electrical conductivity measurements
Authors: Lamolinairie Julien , Dollet Benjamin , Bridot Jean-Luc , Bauduin Pierre , Diat Olivier , Chiappisi Leonardo
Published: November 2022

Liquid foams are multi-scale structures whose structural characterization requires the combination of very different techniques, including small-angle neutron scattering.
Atomic-scale insight into the lattice volume plunge of LixCoO2 upon deep delithiation
Authors: He Yufang , Wang Li , Zhang Bo , Pham Hiep , Xu Hong , Park Jonghyun , He Xiangming
Published: November 2022

The O ↔ O interlayer distance across Li layer and Co layer are responsible for the volume increase and decrease in LixCoO2, while the delithiation paths have an impact on the volume shrinkage points, corresponding to different capacity utilization.
Locally convexified rigid tube MPC
Authors: Sun Haidi , Zhang Sixing , Dai Li , Raković Saša V.
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a locally convexified rigid tube model predictive control for obstacle avoidance for linear, discrete‐time, systems subject to additive, bounded disturbances and state and control constraints. The inherently nonconvex obstacle avoidance constraints are locally convexified and converted into closed polyhedral constraints by deploying recent notions of safe sets and tubes. The proposed method leverages these recent notions of safe sets and tubes to reformulate the original nonconvex optimization problem for obstacle avoidance within the context of disturbances into a computationally highly efficient, strictly convex quadratic programming problem. In order to analyze the separation between a predicted state set and each obstacle avoidance constraint set, we employ the Euclidean distance between these two sets and the radius of the Chebyshev ball of their intersection. In the strict separation case, the separating hyperplanes are constructed by utilizing the separation theorem for convex sets, while in the weak separation case, the construction of separating hyperplanes is achieved through the use of the separation theorem and the properties of convex cones. The proposed method provides guarantees of strong system theoretic properties such as robust recursive feasibility, robust positive invariance and robust stability of the controlled uncertain system. A simulation example is also provided to numerically verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A novel starting method with reactive power compensation for induction motors
Authors: Chang Yufang , Yan Huaicheng , Huang Wencong , Quan Rui , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates several traditional startup methods for induction motors. Since a large starting current and a reactive power may lead to a deep voltage drop and cause a potential damage to induction motors and other devices in the same power grid, a novel starting method is proposed for induction motors based on the autotransformer and the magnetically controlled reactor (ATMCR). Then, a reactive power dynamical compensation strategy is developed to improve the power factor and overcome the voltage drop effectively. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that the starting current of induction motors is reduced in the starting period and compensate the reactive power simultaneously. In simulation, a parameter identification method is presented to deal with simulation parameters and the motor's nameplate parameters inconsistencies problem. Finally, simulation and experiment are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Enhancing power quality of high‐speed railway traction converters by fully integrated T‐LCL filter
Authors: Al‐Barashi Maged , Meng Xiangyu , Liu Zhigang , Saeed Mahmoud S. R. , Tasiu Ibrahim Adamu , Wu Siqi
Published: November 2022

Modulating the traction converters produces current harmonics at the switching frequencies and their multiples. These harmonics should be minimized to meet the network specifications. The LC‐trapped filters, tuned to these frequencies, can easily meet this requirement, but the existing applicable trap filters have not been studied with the traditional traction system topologies. Thus, this paper presents a trapped LCL filter with an LC resonator on the converter side, called a fully integrated T‐LCL filter, for the traction power supply system. The model and analysis reported in this research demonstrate that the presented filter has several advantages, which can be summarized by: reducing the size by winding many coils through magnetic integration, attenuating the switching frequency and its multiple harmonics that reduce the current total harmonic distortion, assuring durability against the filter parameters differences, and preserving system stability under transient conditions. The proposed filter can become a promising trap filter based on these advantages. Simulation models of an ac/dc single‐phase traction rectifier with the proposed filter were created and tested in MATLAB/Simulink, verifying its superiority. Finally, the filter is validated by performing hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiments.
Distributed reactive power control strategy based on adaptive virtual reactance
Authors: Wang Hongdong , Wang Xiaogang
Published: November 2022

In high‐voltage microgrid, the line impedance is mainly inductive and the reactive power of the load cannot be shared equally and reasonably due to the transmission line impedance mismatches. This paper proposes a distributed reactive power control strategy combined with an adaptive virtual reactance method. The proposed control strategy does not require line impedances estimation or a central controller; each DG only needs information from its neighbours to achieve control of the reactive power, which can reduce communication costs and improve system reliability. An adaptive compensator is employed to reduce voltage deviations. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink simulation and hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiment are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Management of Antithrombin Deficiency in Pregnancy
Authors: Hart Christina , Rott Hannelore , Heimerl Susanne , Linnemann Birgit
Published: November 2022

Antithrombin (AT) deficiency is a high-risk thrombophilia and a rare condition. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased in AT-deficient women during pregnancy and the postpartum period and is especially high in women with a prior history of VTE. A thorough assessment of VTE risk is recommended in pregnant AT-deficient women, comprising the degree and type of AT deficiency, genetic mutations, personal and family history, and additional preexisting or pregnancy-specific risk factors. Due to a lack of adequate study data, there is limited guidance on the management of AT deficiency in pregnancy, including the need for prophylactic anticoagulation, the appropriate dose of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and the role of AT substitution. LMWH is the medication of choice for the pharmacological prophylaxis and treatment of VTE in pregnancy. Patients with a history of VTE should receive full-dose LMWH during pregnancy and the postpartum period. AT concentrates are a treatment option when anticoagulation is withheld in potentially high-risk events such as childbirth, bleeding, or surgery and in cases of acute VTE despite the use of therapeutic dose anticoagulation. Women with AT deficiency should be counseled at specialized centers for coagulation disorders or vascular medicine, and close cooperation between obstetricians and anesthesiologists is warranted before delivery and during the peripartum period.
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia and uterine adenocarcinoma in two miniature pigs
Authors: Dürlinger Sophie , Knecht Christian , Gumpenberger Michaela , Brunthaler René , Ladinig Andrea , Schäfer-Somi Sabine
Published: November 2022

Due to the increasing popularity of minipigs as pets, the frequency of presentation to the veterinarian is increasing as well. In addition to routine measures such as claw trimming, vaccination and antiparasitic treatment, diagnostics, and therapy of diseased minipigs are also common activities in the veterinary practice. In recent years, we have noticed more and more pathological changes of the female genital tract of uncastrated minipigs. There are also some case reports available in the international literature in this regard. The following case report describes the diagnostic procedures and ovariohysterectomies of 2 13-year-old female minipigs in detail. In these cases, uterine adenocarcinoma, and uterine carcinoma, respectively, combined with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) of the endometrium were diagnosed.
Von Willebrand Disease—Specific Aspects in Women
Authors: Eladly Fagr , Miesbach Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, which results from a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF). The major symptoms of patients affected by VWD include mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal bleeding, easy bruising, and prolonged provoked bleeding due to injury or surgery. Although women and men are equally likely to be affected by VWD, women continue to be disproportionately affected by the bleeding challenges. Women with VWD suffer from sex-specific symptoms, such as menorrhagia, and are at higher risk of reproductive problems and recurrent miscarriage. Furthermore, pregnant women with VWD are more likely at higher risk of suffering from primary and secondary peripartal hemorrhage and anemia and the need for transfusions. Despite being affected by gynecologic and obstetrical bleeding, women face multiple barriers in obtaining an accurate diagnosis. This constitutes a problem that needs to be addressed, and early appropriate medical care should be ensured. There are several effective treatment options for women with VWD that can significantly improve their quality of life, including desmopressin, VWF concentrates, hormonal therapy, and antifibrinolytic therapy. During pregnancy, the monitoring of VWF activity levels is essential. The peripartal management depends on the type of VWD and on the measured levels of VWF levels and activity prior to delivery.
Venous Thromboembolism in Women with Cancer with an Additional Focus on Breast and Gynecological Cancers
Authors: Matzdorff Axel
Published: November 2022

Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in women with cancer. Many clinical practice guidelines provide guidance for prevention and treatment; however, there are no specific recommendations for women. This is unfortunate because the proportion of women with breast- and gynecological cancers is high among patients with cancer-associated VTE. Thromboembolism often heralds cancer progression and poor prognosis and should—besides adequate anticoagulant management—also prompt reassessment and, if necessary, changes in cancer treatment. Recently, the new class of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has started to replace low-molecular-weight heparin as standard thromboprophylaxis and therapy in cancer patients. They are very effective, but they also carry a relevant risk of bleeding. Therefore, despite their ease of use, not every tumor patient qualifies for a DOAC, and this is especially true for gynecological tumor patients. Each prescription must be weighed individually. This review addresses specific aspects of VTE prophylaxis and management in women with cancer. Every physician who treats breast and gynecological cancers should be familiar with prophylaxis, diagnosis, and therapy of cancer-associated VTE. At the same time, patients should be informed by their physician what symptoms to look for and whom to contact if these symptoms occur, even outside of office hours and on weekends.
Imaging findings in a minipig with congenital portosystemic shunt
Authors: Schikowski Lisa , Schaub Sebastian , Thalmeier Sabine , Schneider Matthias
Published: November 2022

A 15-month-old, male minipig was presented with a clinical history of seizure activity for one year. The minipig was the smallest among the littermates and was referred due to an elevated blood ammonia level with suspected portosystemic shunt (PSS). Ultrasound and CT angiography were consistent with a congenital extrahepatic PSS. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first description of a congenital extrahepatic PSS diagnosed by ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in a minipig (pig). Partial shunt closure was performed by interventional stent application.
Befragung von Haltern von vom Aussterben bedrohten Schaf- und Ziegenrassen zum Einfluss des Wolfes auf die Tierhaltung
Authors: Glatzle Megan , Wagner Henrik , Feldmann Antje , Wehrend Axel
Published: November 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Mit der weiteren Ausbreitung des Wolfes in Deutschland nehmen die Konflikte mit Tierhaltern zu. Es stellt sich zunehmend die Frage nach den Auswirkungen des Wolfsbestandes auf die Weidetierhaltung. Ziel der Studie war es daher, durch die Befragung von Tierhaltern den Einfluss des Wolfes speziell auf die Haltung von vom Aussterben bedrohter Schaf- und Ziegenrassen zu untersuchen und herauszufinden, welche Schutzmaßnahmen von den Tierhaltern gegen den Wolf ergriffen werden.

Material und Methoden Ein Fragebogen aus 11 Fragen wurde von der Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen e. V. (GEH) online gestellt und von 494 Schaf- und Ziegenhaltern aus ganz Deutschland anonym ausgefüllt und anschließend ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse 33 % der bedrohten Schaf- und 80 % der bedrohten Ziegenrassen werden von weniger als je 10 Tierhaltern gehalten, überwiegend in Hobbyhaltung oder zum Nebenerwerb. Die Aufgabe der Tierhaltung einzelner Tierhalter kann sich daher signifikant negativ auf den Fortbestand der jeweiligen Rasse auswirken. An den mittleren Herdengrößen der Herdbuchzuchten lässt sich in den letzten Jahren keine negative Auswirkung auf die Tierzahlen erkennen, obgleich die Mehrheit der Befragten ihre Weidetierhaltung durch den Wolf bedroht sieht. Beachtenswert ist, dass signifikant mehr Halter angeben, die Tiere abschaffen zu wollen (Halter außerhalb Wolfsgebiet), als dies bei konkreter Bedrohung der Fall ist (Halter im Wolfsgebiet). Genannte Präventionsmaßnahmen sind am häufigsten die Veränderung der Einfriedung und die Herausnahme bestimmter Flächen aus der Nutzung. Der Einsatz von Herdenschutzhunden spielt keine große Rolle.

Schlussfolgerungen Durch die Aufgabe der Tierhaltung einzelner Halter besteht die Gefahr der Verringerung der Rassendiversität bei kleinen Wiederkäuern. Daher benötigen diese einen besonderen Schutz, was bei der Planung und Festlegung von Kompensationsmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden muss.
Influence of Exercise on Inferior Vena Cava Wall Interaction with Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Results of a Pilot In Vivo Porcine Study
Authors: Shahid M. Usman , Nirgudkar Neel , Chandra Vishnu , Gonzales Sharon , Kumar Abhishek
Published: November 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mild exercise on inferior vena cava (IVC) filter interaction with imaging and pathological features with the neighboring vessel wall utilizing a porcine model.

Materials and Methods After Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval, retrievable Option Elite IVC filters were implanted in six Yorkshire pigs utilizing the right common femoral vein approach under general anesthesia. Group A (n = 4) pigs remained sedentary for 4 weeks. Group B (n = 2) pigs were exercised using a harness and treadmill for 10 minutes/day for 4 days/week. At approximately 4 weeks, IVC venograms were performed and the pigs were sacrificed. After laparotomy, the IVC was ligated above and below the filter, excised and fixed in formalin. Gross and histological examination of the IVC was performed. Gross images of each sample were captured before removal of the filters. One longitudinal, one tangential, and five transverse representative sections were processed for paraffin sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin slides were prepared. A pathologist examined all tissues to assess differences between normal vein, group A and group B pigs. The pathologist provided an overall assessment and representative images.

Results All IVC filter implantations were technically successful without adverse effects. There was no incidence of caval thrombosis, filter strut fracture, or filter migration in either group. On gross pathological examination, IVC of the pigs in group B demonstrated more perivascular and mural fibrosis than those pigs in group A. Histopathological findings correlated with gross findings.

Conclusions In this pilot study, there were no incidence of IVC filter strut fracture, penetration or IVC occlusion in sedentary or exercised pigs. However, there tended to be more perivascular and mural fibrosis on pathological examination of inferior vena cavas from exercised pigs. Further larger scale studies may employ the porcine model to further understand the role exercise may play on IVC filter and caval wall interaction.
Headache in the Pediatric Population: Focus on Migraine
Authors: Irwin Samantha L. , Greene Kaitlin A. , Pavitt Sara J. , Ross Alexandra C.
Published: November 2022

Pediatric headache is a common condition with significant impact on quality of life and ability to function in academic, social, and extracurricular activities. Most pediatric patients seen in primary care and neurology clinics with headache have primary headache disorders. Diagnosis is largely based on clinical history. Imaging is rarely needed in the absence of red flag features. Careful diagnosis is important to guide appropriate treatment. Treatment focuses on a biopsychosocial model integrating lifestyle, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities. As few therapies are approved in the pediatric population, treatments are often used off-label based on evidence extrapolated from adult studies. Outcomes vary over time but are generally favorable when headache disorders are diagnosed promptly and managed in a multidisciplinary setting.
Gesellschaft im Wandel: „Auch die Medizin braucht einen Reset!“
Authors: Randoll Ulrich G.
Published: November 2022

Lernen Sie den Standpunkt des Münchner Arztes Dr. med. Ulrich G. Randoll zum Thema Entwicklung der Medizin kennen, den er dem VPT-Bundesvorsitzenden zukommen ließ. Und folgen Sie unserer Einladung zum Dialog: Uns interessieren auch Ihre Gedanken zur Entwicklung der Physiotherapie und Ihre Meinung zur aktuellen Situation in der Medizin. Schreiben Sie uns gerne an:
presse@vpt.de
Update Pädiatrie (3): Überblick zur evidenzbasierten Physiotherapie bei Infantiler Zerebralparese
Authors: Ackermann Wencke , Stuhlfelder Ulrike
Published: November 2022

Eine frühe klinische Diagnose der infantilen Zerebralparese (ICP) wirkt sich günstig auf den Verlauf der Entwicklung des Kindes aus, optimiert die Neuroplastizität und beugt Komplikationen vor. Die beste Methode zur Früherkennung besteht aus einem MRT und standardisierten klinischen motorischen Untersuchungen. Die folgende Übersicht stellt einen neuen Therapieansatz vor und gibt einen Überblick über die Evidenz der Wirksamkeit therapeutischer Interventionen bei der ICP.
Improved Model for Granular Avalanches
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: November 2022

A well-posed multilayer model involving a dilatancy law is developed and systematically compared to three different experimental scenarios.
Exploring gold nanoparticles for RNA gene therapy
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: November 2022

RNA can treat a range of genetic disorders, but getting it to the target is the hardest part. Gold nanoparticles offer a potential solution.
Dynamics of chiral domain walls under applied current in cylindrical magnetic nanowires
Authors: Fernandez-Roldan J. A. , Chubykalo-Fesenko O.
Published: November 2022

The dynamics of two types of chiral magnetic domain walls in magnetic cylindrical nanowires under spin-polarized current are investigated by means of micromagnetic simulations. We show that Bloch point domain walls with chirality identical to that of the Oersted field can propagate without dynamical instabilities with velocities ∼300 m/s. The domain wall width is shown to widen at larger current densities limiting the velocity increase. For domain walls with opposite chirality, we observed a new pinning mechanism created by the action of the Oersted field, limiting their propagation distance even after chirality switching. Vortex–antivortex domain walls transform into Bloch point domain walls, and after that they can unexpectedly propagate either along or against the direction of the current. Our findings demonstrate that domain wall dynamics under current in cylindrical magnetic nanowires can result in a plethora of different behaviors that will have important implications for future 3D spintronic devices.
Biaxial stretchable light-emitting device using kirigami-elastomer structure
Authors: Takei Atsushi , Komazaki Yusuke , Kanazawa Shusuke , Kuribara Kazunori , Yoshida Manabu
Published: November 2022

The demand for flexible and stretchable devices has been increasing in multiple fields, such as healthcare, energy harvesting, and artificial intelligence. In this study, we report a novel method to fabricate flexible and stretchable devices by integrating a kirigami sheet with an elastomer, both stretchable. Owing to the flatness of the kirigami sheet under no stress, electrodes can be patterned using a printing technique, which can enable large size and mass production. Kirigami sheets form three-dimensional shapes under stress/strain. The integration of kirigami and elastomers is carried out by placing a liquid elastomer on the three-dimensional structure. A biaxially stretchable light-emitting device was fabricated by patterning the electrode on a kirigami sheet and placing a light-emitting elastomer on top of it. This study reports the fabrication method, fabricated device on activation, and stretchability.
Finite-element dynamic-matrix approach for propagating spin waves: Extension to mono- and multi-layers of arbitrary spacing and thickness
Authors: Körber L. , Hempel A. , Otto A. , Gallardo R. A. , Henry Y. , Lindner J. , Kákay A.
Published: November 2022

In our recent work [Körber et al., AIP Adv. 11, 095006 (2021)], we presented an efficient numerical method to compute dispersions and mode profiles of spin waves in waveguides with translationally invariant equilibrium magnetization. A finite-element method (FEM) allowed to model two-dimensional waveguide cross sections of arbitrary shape but only finite size. Here, we extend our FEM propagating-wave dynamic-matrix approach from finite waveguides to the important cases of infinitely extended mono- and multi-layers of arbitrary spacing and thickness. To obtain the mode profiles and frequencies, the linearized equation of the motion of magnetization is solved as an eigenvalue problem on a one-dimensional line-trace mesh, defined along the normal direction of the layers. Being an important contribution to multi-layer systems, we introduce interlayer exchange into our FEM approach. With the calculation of dipolar fields being the main focus, we also extend the previously presented plane-wave Fredkin–Koehler method to calculate the dipolar potential of spin waves in infinite layers. The major benefit of this method is that it avoids the discretization of any non-magnetic material such as non-magnetic spacers in multilayers. Therefore, the computational effort becomes independent of the spacer thicknesses. Furthermore, it keeps the resulting eigenvalue problem sparse, which, therefore, inherits a comparably low arithmetic complexity. As a validation of our method (implemented into the open-source finite-element micromagnetic package TETRAX), we present results for various systems and compare them with theoretical predictions and with established finite-difference methods. We believe this method offers an efficient and versatile tool to calculate spin-wave dispersions in layered magnetic systems.
Research on correlation model between transducer temperature and acoustic performance parameters of ultrasonic machining system
Authors: Ye Hong-xian , Yang Xu-yi , Hu Xiao-ping , Yu Bao-hua , Kang Xi
Published: November 2022

In the process of ultrasonic vibration cutting (UVC), the acoustic performance parameters of ultrasonic machining system change because of systems heating up and cutting loads. The changes of acoustic performance parameters will affect resonant frequency, impedance, and power match of the ultrasonic machining system, and stability of the amplitude of UVC system. It is hard to monitor the acoustic performance parameters online. Based on the analysis of the correlation mechanism between transducer temperature and acoustic performance parameters, the correlation models between transducer temperature and resonance frequency, static capacitance, and dynamic resistance of ultrasonic vibration machining system are established by curve regression analysis modeling method. The acoustic performance parameters of an ultrasonic vibration machining system are determined by transducer temperature using the correlation models. The effectiveness of the model is verified by experiments. It gives the information for the stability evaluation of the ultrasonic vibration machining process, the dynamic impedance matching of the ultrasonic machining system, and the power matching adjustment of the ultrasonic power supply.
Tmem45b is essential for inflammation- and tissue injury–induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity
Authors: Tanioku Tadashi , Nishibata Masayuki , Tokinaga Yasuyuki , Konno Kohtaro , Watanabe Masahiko , Hemmi Hiroaki , Fukuda-Ohta Yuri , Kaisho Tsuneyasu , Furue Hidemasa , Kawamata Tomoyuki
Published: November 2022

Persistent mechanical pain hypersensitivity associated with peripheral inflammation, surgery, trauma, and nerve injury impairs patients’ quality of life and daily activity. However, the molecular mechanism and treatment are not yet fully understood. Herein, we show that chemical ablation of isolectin B4-binding (IB4
+
) afferents by IB4–saporin injection into sciatic nerves completely and selectively inhibited inflammation- and tissue injury–induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity while thermal and mechanical pain hypersensitivities were normal following nerve injury. To determine the molecular mechanism involving the specific types of mechanical pain hypersensitivity, we compared gene expression profiles between IB4
+
neuron-ablated and control dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We identified Tmem45b as one of 12 candidate genes that were specific to somatosensory ganglia and down-regulated by IB4
+
neuronal ablation. Indeed, Tmem45b was expressed predominantly in IB4
+
DRG neurons, where it was selectively localized in the
trans
Golgi apparatus of DRG neurons but not detectable in the peripheral and central branches of DRG axons. Tmem45b expression was barely detected in the spinal cord and brain. Although Tmem45b-knockout mice showed normal responses to noxious heat and noxious mechanical stimuli under normal conditions, mechanical pain hypersensitivity was selectively impaired after inflammation and tissue incision, reproducing the pain phenotype of IB4
+
sensory neuron-ablated mice. Furthermore, acute knockdown by intrathecal injection of Tmem45b small interfering RNA, either before or after inflammation induction, successfully reduced mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Thus, our study demonstrates that Tmem45b is essential for inflammation- and tissue injury–induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity and highlights Tmem45b as a therapeutic target for future treatment.
Police agencies on Facebook overreport on Black suspects
Authors: Grunwald Ben , Nyarko Julian , Rappaport John
Published: November 2022

A large and growing share of the American public turns to Facebook for news. On this platform, reports about crime increasingly come directly from law enforcement agencies, raising questions about content curation. We gathered all posts from almost 14,000 Facebook pages maintained by US law enforcement agencies, focusing on reporting about crime and race. We found that Facebook users are exposed to posts that overrepresent Black suspects by 25 percentage points relative to local arrest rates. This overexposure occurs across crime types and geographic regions and increases with the proportion of both Republican voters and non-Black residents. Widespread exposure to overreporting risks reinforcing racial stereotypes about crime and exacerbating punitive preferences among the polity more generally.
Local Dirac energy decay in the 5D Myers-Perry geometry using an integral spectral representation for the Dirac propagator
Authors: Wang Qiu Shi
Published: November 2022

We consider the massive Dirac equation in the exterior region of the five-dimensional Myers-Perry black hole. Using the resulting ordinary differential equations (ODEs) obtained from the separation of variables of the Dirac equation, we construct an integral spectral representation for the solution of the Cauchy problem with compactly supported smooth initial data. We then prove that the probability of presence of a Dirac particle to be in any compact region of space decays to zero as

t
→
∞

, in analogy with the case of the Dirac operator in the Kerr–Newman geometry (Finster et al 2003 Adv. Theor. Math. Phys.
7 25–52).
Tunable interstitial anionic electrons in layered MXenes
Authors: Li Bowen , Bai Haoyun , Shen Shiying , Ng Kar Wei , Pan Hui
Published: November 2022

Electrides with spatial electrons serving as ‘anions’ in the cavities or channels exhibit intriguing properties which can be applied in electron injection/emission and high-speed devices. Here, we report a new group of layered electrides, M2X (M = Ti, V, and Cr; X = C and N) with electrons distributed in the interlayer spacings. We find that the interstitial electrons tend to be delocalized from the Ti-based structures to the Cr-based ones. We show that the interstitial electrons originate from the d-electrons of transition metal atoms. Our findings prove the existence of tunable interstitial electrons with rich electronic properties in layered MXenes and provide valuable insights into the design and fabrication of new materials with multiple applications.
Proximity-enhanced magnetocaloric effect in ferromagnetic trilayers
Authors: Persson M , Kulyk M M , Kravets A F , Korenivski V
Published: November 2022

The demagnetization and associated magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in strong-weak-strong ferromagnetic trilayers, upon a reorientation of the strong ferromagnets from parallel to antiparallel (AP) magnetization, is simulated using atomistic spin dynamics. The simulations yield non-trivial spin distributions in the AP state, which in turn allows entropy to be calculated directly. The influence of longer-range spin–spin interactions and of variable strength of the external switching field are investigated. Finally, we find that the MCE in the system can be significantly improved by allowing the local exchange to vary through the spacer, which in practice can be implemented by spatially tailoring the spacer’s magnetic dilution.
Transport mechanisms in hyperdoped silicon solar cells
Authors: García-Hernansanz R , Duarte-Cano S , Pérez-Zenteno F , Caudevilla D , Algaidy S , García-Hemme E , Olea J , Pastor D , Del Prado A , San Andrés E , Mártil I , Ros E , Puigdollers J , Ortega P , Voz C
Published: November 2022

According to intermediate band (IB) theory, it is possible to increase the efficiency of a solar cell by boosting its ability to absorb low-energy photons. In this study, we used a hyperdoped semiconductor approach for this theory to create a proof of concept of different silicon-based IB solar cells. Preliminary results show an increase in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the silicon sub-bandgap region. This result points to sub-bandgap absorption in silicon having not only a direct application in solar cells but also in other areas such as infrared photodetectors. To establish the transport mechanisms in the hyperdoped semiconductors within a solar cell, we measured the J–V characteristic at different temperatures. We carried out the measurements in both dark and illuminated conditions. To explain the behavior of the measurements, we proposed a new model with three elements for the IB solar cell. This model is similar to the classic two-diodes solar cell model but it is necessary to include a new limiting current element in series with one of the diodes. The proposed model is also compatible with an impurity band formation within silicon bandgap. At high temperatures, the distance between the IB and the n-type amorphous silicon conduction band is close enough and both bands are contacted. As the temperature decreases, the distance between the bands increases and therefore this process becomes more limiting.
On the Casimir effect from the zero-point energy: a tangential force and its properties
Authors: Zhang Zhentao
Published: November 2022

We investigate the Casimir effect in the systems that consist of parallel but misaligned finite-size plates from the point of view of zero-point energy. We elaborate that the zero-point energies of the radiation field in the perfect conductor systems would generate a tangential Casimir force, and explore the properties and consequences of this tangential force in various conductor systems. Thereafter, we generalize our discussion to dielectrics. After calculating the total zero-point energies of the surface modes in the multilayered systems, we show that the tangential force also exists in dielectrics. We obtain the finite-conductivity corrections to the tangential force for imperfectly conducting plates, and calculate the finite-temperature corrections to the force. The typical strength of the tangential force suggests it might be observable.
First-principles study of physical, and superconducting properties of newly discovered full-Heusler compound MgPd

2

Sb
Authors: Islam M A , Islam Md Rasidul , Rahaman Md Zahidur , Soga T
Published: November 2022

A DFT-based theoretical technique is used to investigate the physical characteristics of type-II MgPd
2
Sb superconductor, which reveals superconductivity below 2.83 K. By using the McMillan equation, the computed electron-phonon coupling constant is 0.60. This suggests that this compound can be classified as a weakly coupled superconductor, which is consistent in accordance with earlier published theoretical as well as experimental results. The calculated lattice parameter, density of state (DOS) and Debye temperature are also consistent with other studies. The calculated electronic band structure indicates that the studied compound is metallic in nature. For the first time we have investigated the detailed optical and mechanical characteristics of MgPd
2
Sb superconductor. The computed elastic constant reveals that this compound is mechanically stable and ductile. The anisotropy of the MgPd
2
Sb superconductor is determined by using the Zener anisotropic algorithm and the ELATE code.The optical properties of this Heusler type superconductor are nearly similar to other members of the same family. We believe that the present findings can assist researchers in finding and analyzing new superconducting candidates among the full-Heusler alloys.
Damage resilience of manufactured and biological actuators
Authors: Perrier Raphaël , Tadrist Loïc , Linares Jean-Marc
Published: November 2022

Designing resilient actuators is a challenge for industry, in part because an index for resilience has yet to be established. In this work, several definitions of resilience are analysed and, on the basis of this, an index quantifying resilience for actuators is proposed. This index does indeed allow for the resilience computation of a wide range of manufactured and biological actuators to be compared. The two manufactured actuators chosen as iconic models are a hydraulic cylinder and a bio-inspired McKibben muscle, and these are shown not to be resilient by design. In addition, two biological actuators likely to be resilient were also analysed. The pulvinus resilience index shows that it is partly resilient depending on damage location. But the most promising is the skeletal muscle, which has been shown to be highly resilient. Finally, the bio-inspired roots of resilience are discussed: resilience may originate from multi-scale structural design.
Opposing out loud versus supporting in silence: who wants to participate in decision-making about energy projects?
Authors: Liu Lu , Perlaviciute Goda , Squintani Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

Public participation in decision-making is widely expected to contribute to democratic society, better decisions, and higher public acceptability of energy projects. The realization of the desired functions of public participation depends, however, on who participates in decision-making. In opinion surveys about two planned wind parks in the Netherlands, we found that opponents were more willing to participate than supporters. Those who would not accept the project under any conditions were more motivated to participate than those who may accept the project if certain conditions were met. Furthermore, motivation to participate was associated with stronger negative emotions towards the project (e.g. angry, disappointed), and weaker positive emotions (e.g. happy, proud). Taken together, public preferences to participate in decision-making can affect the desired functions of public participation, as not everyone will equally participate. Our findings have important implications for energy policies primarily focusing on demographic representativeness in participation: it is also important to consider the representation of different perspectives in decision-making. Also, incorporating people’s different emotions towards energy projects can be a valuable route to effective public participation, in addition to the dominating rationalistic approach.
Household energy transition and social status: evidence from large-scale heating renovation in China
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wang Mingzhe , Zhu Junming
Published: November 2022

Clean, low-carbon energy transition has been a global trend in pursuing climate mitigation and sustainable development, with residential heating being an essential component. Despite its substantial climate, environmental, and health benefits, the social impacts of residential energy transition are insufficiently understood. Based on a difference-in-differences design, we identify the causal effects of a large-scale clean heating policy on public perceptions of their social status in northern China. We find substantial improvement in individuals’ social status immediately following the heating renovation, which is robust over a set of empirical specifications but diminishes in the long term. The transition benefited not only those directly experiencing renovation but also others in the same areas. The improved social status was driven by perception of higher income and bettered health condition. The findings indicate a sustainable and inclusive transition of clean heating, and call for additional measures to maximize its social benefits.
Substantial regional climate change expected following cessation of CO2 emissions
Authors: MacDougall Andrew H , Mallett Josie , Hohn David , Mengis Nadine
Published: November 2022

The zero emissions commitment (ZEC) is the expected temperature change following the cessation of anthropogenic emissions of climate altering gases and aerosols. Recent model intercomparison work has suggested that global average ZEC for CO2 is close to zero. However there has thus far been no effort to explore how temperature is expected to change at spatial scales smaller than the global average. Here we analyze the output of nine full complexity Earth System Models which carried out standardized ZEC experiments to quantify the ZEC from CO2. The models suggest that substantial temperature change following cessation of emissions of CO2 can be expected at large and regional spatial scales. Large scale patterns of change closely follow long established patterns seen during modern climate change, with higher variability and more change as one approaches the polar regions, and with more change over land than ocean. The sign of temperature change (warming or cooling) varies by model and climatic zone. At the regional scale patterns of change are far more complex and show little consistency between different models. Analysis of model output suggest that for most models these changes far exceed pre-industrial internal variability, suggesting either higher climate variability, continuing changes to climate dynamics or both. Overall substantial regional changes in climate are expected following cessation of CO2 emissions but the pattern, magnitude and sign of these changes remains highly uncertain.
A novel conjugated polymer fluorescence probe for the detection of copper ions in aqueous media
Authors: Gong Lindan , Zhang Lixiao , Shen Rui , Zhang Lin , Wang Hengyuan , Fan Lu-an
Published: November 2022

A novel ionic conjugated polymer fluorescent probe (IP) containing fluorenyls and imines was synthesized through a simple condensation method for the rapid detection of Cu2+. The probe exhibited a selective quenching response toward Cu2+ over other common metal ions in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at a pH of 7. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of IP was linearly proportional to the concentration of Cu2+ when it ranged from 1 to 10 μM, and the limit of detection for Cu2+ was 0.45 μM. Furthermore, the quenched fluorescence of IP by Cu2+ was recovered after adding amino acids or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), indicating that the probe could be recycled and is promising to reduce the detection cost of Cu2+ in real samples.