bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Core Stabilization Exercises on Low Back Pain, Disability and Back Muscle Endurance in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Jamil Mohammad Abbas , Bashir Muhammad Salman , Noor Rabiya , Niazi Rehana , Ahmad Nazeer , Ahmad Shahzad , Ahmad Haseeb Ullah
Published: August 2023

Background: Lumbar disc herniation is a common musculoskeletal disorder leading to spinal degeneration. Core stability influences lumbar biomechanics, which improves muscle endurance through decreased pain of the lower back leading to minimal chances of disability.
Objective: To determine the effects of Core stabilizing exercises on low back pain, disability and endurance of back muscles in Lumbar Disc Herniation patients.
Methods: Randomized controlled trial was conducted on 52 patients . it was conducted 3 times a week for 30 minutes for 6 months. Participants allocated into two equal groups by lottery method. Group A was treated with controlled conventional treatment and core stabilizing exercises. Group B received only conventional treatment. This information was collected using NPRS and ODI. Besides this Biering-Sorenson and trunk flexion endurance tests were used. Probability sampling was used .Settings included AMTH, PSRD and NHMC. The study was conducted for 6 months. Ethical permission by ethical review board. data analysis by SPSS. This included male and female patients, age 20 to 60 years with disc herniation. Participants with recent surgery, inflammatory arthritis, cauda equina syndrome and spinal tumor were excluded.
Results: After 8-weeks of core stabilization exercises, values of Group A are 1.93 for pain, 16.08 for disability, 1.27 and 40.54 for endurance whereas Group B showed values of 4.74 for pain, 34.08 for disability, 2.15 and 34.81 for endurance. Independent t-test showed significant difference between 2 groups with p value < 0.05. Results of current study showed considerable reduction in low back pain and disability, and a significant increase in back muscles endurance in the treatment group.
Conclusion: Core stabilization exercises were effective in improving function, reducing pain, reducing functional disability and enhancing endurance in patients of lumbar disc herniation and lower back pain
Outcomes of Fisher Technique for Unilateral Incomplete Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Saeed Sana , Khan Farid Ahmad , Jan Saadia Nosheen , Shakeel Zara , Bilal Bismah , Bashir Muhammad Mustehsan
Published: August 2023

Background:-
Cleft lip repair is imperative for a child’s physical and mental well-being. Fisher’s innovative technique adds versatility to conventional methods with optimal aesthetic results. An inconspicuous scar along the anatomical subunits is a hallmark of this procedure.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of Fisher technique for unilateral incomplete cleft lip.
Methods:-
This Quasi experimental study was conducted at the Plastic Surgery Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2017 to 2021. 50 consecutive patients with primary unilateral incomplete cleft lip were included in the study. Qualitative analysis was performed using Steffensen Grading Criteria 9. Improvement in pre-operative and post-operative anthropometric ratios was also analyzed. Symmetry of repaired cleft to normal cleft side was also assessed 9,12 .
Results:-
Mean age of patients was 4.14±0.72 months. Parent’s satisfaction score on the Likert scale was 4.84±0.37 (Mean ±SD). Significant improvement in anthropometric parameters (vertical lip height, vermilion height, nostril width and nostril height) except lip width was recorded. Significant symmetry was achieved for all parameters (p-value less than 0.05) except nasal height ratio (p- value=0.071). Good results were also achieved on all parameters according to Steffensen criteria.
Conclusion:-
Fisher anatomical subunit repair is a reliable option for unilateral incomplete cleft lip repair producing aesthetically pleasing results.
Effect of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate on in-Hospital Mortality in Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rasheed Javaria , Khalid Muhammad , Maryam Barera , Parveen Shazia
Published: August 2023

Background: Early neonatal deaths in Pakistan account for 7% of global neonatal mortality rate, with perinatal asphyxia being responsible for 23% of these cases. Controversy exists in the literature regarding role of magnesium sulphate administration on reducing in-hospital mortality in newborns with perinatal asphyxia.
Objectives: To determine the effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate on in-hospital mortality in neonates with perinatal asphyxia.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan over a period of six months from January 2022 to June 2022. A total of 183 consecutive full-term neonates, weighing ≥ 2500 grams, with Apgar score < 7 at 5-minutes after birth, presenting within 48-hours of life were included in the study. Neonates presenting within 6-hours after birth received intravenous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) – exposed group and neonates presenting after 6-hours did not get MgSO4 – unexposed group. Baseline characteristics and survival outcome was recorded. Binary logistic regression analysis was run and Kaplan-Meier survival curve is constructed for the assessment of mortality.
Results: There were 90 neonates in exposed group and 93 in unexposed group. Males constituted 53% of the study population. Overall mortality rate was 15.8% (n=29). Severe asphyxia (RR 8.5, 95% CI 4.0 – 18.0; p < 0.001) and spontaneous vaginal delivery (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 – 2.9; p = 0.02) were the independent predictors of mortality. Mortality (7.8% vs. 23.6%, p-value 0.003) was significantly higher in unexposed group compared to exposed group. In exposed group the median survival time was 16 days (95% CI- 8.7 – 23.3) compared to 11 days (95% CI 9.9 – 12.0) in unexposed group (Log-rank test: χ2 = 6.03, df -1, p = 0.01).
Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate was effective in lowering neonatal mortality due to moderate-severe perinatal asphyxia. In order to further validate its impact on mortality, multi-center studies are suggested.
Impact of Bifurcation Angle on Side Branch Occlusion in Provisional Bifurcation Stenting
Authors: Khan Muhammad Irfan Tahir , Hussain Aamir , Rashid Muhammad Ammar , Malik Zeeshan , Aslam Rana Salman
Published: August 2023

Background: Bifurcation angle (BA) is the critical angle that has impact on side branch (SB) occlusion during coronary intervention due to plaque shift. There have been few research studies especially in Pakistan on the role of BA in plaque shift.
Objective: To know the impact of bifurcation angle on the side branch occlusion during provisional stenting.
Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore on consecutively enrolled patients between July 2017 and June 2019. The subjects were split into two groups: high angle and low angle using the median BA. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify BA as an independent predictor of occlusion of SB.
Results: Occurrence of side branch occlusion was found in 7.7% of the total of 600 bifurcation lesions. SB occlusion rate was found to be significantly higher in higher angle (HA) group compared to lower angle (LA) group i.e. (37/292, 12.7 %) and (9/308, 2.9 %) respectively, (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated high angle to be an independent predictor for the occlusion of side branches (odds ratio [OR]: 1.026 per degree increment, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.016 – 1.045, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Higher branching angle was noted as the independent predictor of the occlusion of side branches following provisional stenting of main vessel.
Antibacterial Effects of Chewing Stick Extracts on Streptococcus Mutans
Authors: Sarwar Naureen , Sharif Sadia , Aslam Saira , Nisar Bushra , Sarwar Shahab , Batool Attika
Published: August 2023

Background: Streptococcus mutans is considered as a major microorganism causing tooth decay, affecting individuals globally. Different types of chewing sticks possess anti cariogenic properties, traditionally been consumed in maintaining dental hygiene. Usage of these sticks can be economical in developing and rural regions where dental caries is a major health concern.
Objective: The current study aims to evaluate antibacterial action of different type of chewing sticks extract on Streptococcus mutans.
Methods: Aqueous extracts of Azadiracta indica (Neem), Melia azedarach (Bakain), Mangifera indica (Mango), Salvadora persica (Peelu), Terminalia chebula (Harhar), Dalbeigia sissoo (Tali) and Juglans regia (Akhrot) plants which have justified folk use were prepared in Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Punjab University. Next, in vitro antimicrobial activity was studied by broth dilution method in Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Moreover, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were quantitatively evaluated on basis of turbidity index.
Results: There is a significant effect of aqueous extracts of plants on the bacterial inhibition. MIC and MBC values were in the range of 6.125 to 100 mg/mL against S. mutans. The notable effect occurred with aqueous extracts of Azadiracta indica showing MIC and MBC values as 6.25mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Alternatively, Salvadora persica demonstrated 8.33mg/mL and 16.66 mg/mL values of these parameters
Conclusions: Each plant studied exhibited moderate to high antibacterial activity against tested bacterial strain. However, Azadirachta indica and Salvadora persica aqueous extracts showed promising effect against Streptococcus mutans
Microclimate adaptability analysis of waterfront traditional villages: a case study of Mingyuewan Village in Suzhou
Authors: Zang Hui Yi , Hsieh Chun-Ming , Cang Yun , Gu Mengying
Published: August 2023

Traditional villages contain human beings adapting to the natural environment and spontaneously forming a living environment in the process of their evolution. However, with the frequent occurrence of harsh weather in recent years, the livability of traditional villages is also facing challenges. In order to improve the climatic adaptability of traditional villages, scholars have proposed many methods, but there is a lack of research on the spatial microclimate adaptation of traditional villages based on the perspective of spatial accessibility. This paper selects typical traditional villages in the Taihu Lake Basin, analyzes spatial accessibility and CFD numerical simulation comfort by spatial syntax from the two levels of village and iconic nodes, and discusses the correlation between spatial accessibility and climate comfort. Also, the study concludes the following: (1) The overall integration degree of Mingyuewan Village is not high, and the overall accessibility is poor. (2) The correlation between wind environment and spatial accessibility is weak. The thermal environment is associated with spatial accessibility. Comfort is strongly correlated with the degree of spatial accessibility. This paper proposes to consider the lake surface to dominate the seasonal wind, reserve windward outlets, and add green plants and shade facilities in green public open spaces.
The new ‘surface storage’ concept versus the old ‘sponge effect’ concept: application to the analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of the annual daily maximum flow characteristics in southern Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Assani Ali Arkamose , Zeroual Ayoub , Kinnard Christophe , Roy Alexandre
Published: August 2023

This study confronts the new concept of ‘surface storage’ with the old concept of ‘sponge effect’ to explain the spatio-temporal variability of the annual daily maximum flows measured in 17 watersheds of southern Quebec during the period 1930–2019. The new concept takes into account the hydrological impacts of wetlands and other topographic components of the landscape (lakes, depressions, ditches, etc.) while that of the sponge effect only takes into account the hydrological impacts of wetlands. With regard to spatial variability, the area of wetlands and other water bodies is the variable best correlated negatively with the magnitude but positively with the duration of flows. As for the temporal variability, the application of the long-term trend tests revealed a significant increase in the magnitude and, to a lesser extent, the duration of the flows occurring in the watersheds of the north shore characterized by a greater area of wetlands and other water bodies (>5%). This increase is explained by the fact that the storage capacity of these land types, which remains unchanged over time, does not make it possible to store the surplus runoff water brought by the increase in rainfall during the snowmelt season.
Phosphorus removal and recovery from anaerobic bioreactor effluent using a batch electrocoagulation process
Authors: Bhoi Gyana Prakash , Singh Kripa S. , Connor Dennis A.
Published: August 2023

A batch monopolar electrocoagulation system was developed and studied for the removal of phosphorus from anaerobic bioreactor effluent using iron as an electrode material. The study focused on the optimization of the independent variables, such as initial pH, retention time (RT), current density (CD) and inter-electrode distance (IED) using the response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize the removal of total phosphorus (TP). A quadratic model was fitted to the experimental data for TP removal. The optimal parameters were found to be pH of 6.75, RT of 11.06 min, CD of 300 A/m2, and inter-electrode distance of 1.5 cm resulting in 98.05% TP removal and energy consumption of 1.28 kWh/m3. A kinetic study for TP removal revealed that at optimal conditions, removal followed first-order kinetics (K = 0.185 m/min). Phosphorus was recovered from the post-precipitated sludge through combustion at 900 °C followed by acid leaching with sulfuric acid. Acid leaching tests were carried out with sulfuric acid for the post-precipitated sludge obtained at the optimum conditions. It resulted in around 91% of phosphorus recovery at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 100 mL/g.
Exploring Mechanisms of Houshiheisan in Treating Ischemic Stroke with
Network Pharmacology and Independent Cascade Model
Authors: Cao Bo , Jin Jiao , Tang Zhiyu , Luo Qiong , An Jinbing , Pang Wei
Published: August 2023

Background:

Houshiheisan (HSHS) has been effective in the treatment of ischemic
stroke (IS) for centuries. However, its mechanisms are still underexplored.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to identify the active ingredients and mechanisms of
HSHS in treating IS.

Methods:

We searched the main active compounds in HSHS and their potential targets, and key
targets related to IS. Based on the common targets of HSHS and IS, we further expanded genes by
KEGG database to obtain target genes and related genes, as well as gene interactions in the form of
A→B, and then constructed a directed network including traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs),
active compounds and genes. Finally, based on enrichment analysis, independent cascade (IC)
model, and molecular docking, we explored the mechanisms of HSHS in treating IS.

Results:

A directed network with 6,348 nodes and 64,996 edges was constructed. The enrichment
analysis suggested that the AGE pathway, glucose metabolic pathway, lipid metabolic pathway, and
inflammation pathway played critical roles in the treatment of IS by HSHS. Furthermore, the gene ontologies
(GOs) of three monarch drugs in HSHS mainly involved cellular response to chemical stress,
blood coagulation, hemostasis, positive regulation of MAPK cascade, and regulation of inflammatory
response. Several candidate drug molecules were identified by molecular docking.

Conclusion:

This study advocated potential drug development with targets in the AGE signaling
pathway, with emphasis on neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic functions. The
molecular docking simulation indicated that the ligand-target combination selection method based
on the IC model was effective and reliable.
WITHDRAWN: Integrated Animal Experiments and Network Pharmacology for Investigating Therapeutic Effect of Celastrol-loaded Liposomes on NAFLD
Authors: Shi Jingbin , Ma Ninghui , Luo Ningchao , Huang Jingyi , Xu Shujun , Xiong Yang
Published: August 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
The Modulation by Anesthetics and Analgesics of Respiratory Rhythm in the Nervous System
Authors: Hao Xuechao , Yang Yaoxin , Liu Jin , Zhang Donghang , Ou Mengchan , Ke Bowen , Zhu Tao , Zhou Cheng
Published: August 2023

Rhythmic eupneic breathing in mammals depends on the coordinated activities of the neural system that sends cranial and spinal motor outputs to respiratory muscles. These outputs modulate lung ventilation and adjust respiratory airflow, which depends on the upper airway patency and ventilatory musculature. Anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice worldwide. In addition to clinically necessary pharmacological effects, respiratory depression is a critical side effect induced by most general anesthetics. Therefore, understanding how general anesthetics modulate the respiratory system is important for the development of safer general anesthetics. Currently used volatile anesthetics and most intravenous anesthetics induce inhibitory effects on respiratory outputs. Various general anesthetics produce differential effects on respiratory characteristics, including the respiratory rate, tidal volume, airway resistance, and ventilatory response. At the cellular and molecular levels, the mechanisms underlying anesthetic-induced breathing depression mainly include modulation of synaptic transmission of ligand-gated ionotropic receptors (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) and ion channels (e.g., voltage-gated sodium, calcium, and potassium channels, two-pore domain potassium channels, and sodium leak channels), which affect neuronal firing in brainstem respiratory and peripheral chemoreceptor areas. The present review comprehensively summarizes the modulation of the respiratory system by clinically used general anesthetics, including the effects at the molecular, cellular, anatomic, and behavioral levels. Specifically, analgesics, such as opioids, which cause respiratory depression and the “opioid crisis”, are discussed. Finally, underlying strategies of respiratory stimulation that target general anesthetics and/or analgesics are summarized.
Design and Synthesis of Gefitinib Derivatives as Potential Drugs fo r
Cancer Treatment: Antiproliferative Activity, Molecular Docking, and
ADMET Prediction
Authors: Ma Xiaoyan , Shan Min , Lu Yunlong
Published: August 2023

Background:

Non-small cell lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and
targeted chemotherapy has become a kind of the main treatment. Gefitinib, the most widely studied targeted
agent in non-small cell lung cancer, is an orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, gefitinib
inevitably generates acquired drug resistance, leading to treatment failure.

Objective:

A new class of compounds containing 4-anilinoquinazoline lead structure was designed and
synthesized by modifying the structure of gefitinib. These compounds are expected to exert better anticancer
activity and better binding to the EGFR-TK domain, enrich the structure of 4-anilinoquinazoline
derivatives and inspire further structural modifications.

Methods:

The antiproliferative activity of nine derivatives was determined in three cancer cell lines
(A549, PC9, and HepG2) using the MTT method. The ADMET profile of all compounds was predicted,
and the binding affinity of the compounds (5 and 6) to EGFR was predicted by Schrödinger. In addition,
the effect of these compounds (3-6) in inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells was also studied.

Results:

Four (3, 5, 6 and 9) of the newly synthesized derivatives exhibited superior antiproliferative
activity against A549 to gefitinib (IC50 = 12.64 ± 3.59 μM), with compound 5 having the best activity
(IC50 = 7.39 ± 1.24 μM). Moreover, the ability of compounds (3-6) to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis was
significantly better than that of gefitinib.

Conclusion:

Nine structures (compounds 2-10) were synthesized and characterized, and compound 5 had
the best antiproliferative activity. Compound 3 possessed the best ability to induce HepG2 apoptosis.
Also, ADMET calculations were performed in silico, and the results revealed that compound 3 has more
suitable characteristics as a potential drug candidate.
Inversión en recursos para crear valor: ¿Pero valor para quién?
Authors: Salinas Ortiz José
Published: August 2023

La creación de valor ha sido durante mucho tiempo un tema de gran interés en la gestión en general, y en la toma de decisiones estratégicas en particular. Aunque muchos enfoques de gestión han descrito y explicado el significado de “creación” de valor, algunos de ellos se han concentrado en mejorar las operaciones y, por lo tanto, en la “entrega” de valor: cómo alinear recursos y actividades para convertir materias primas en productos terminados. Otros enfoques se centran en la “creación” de valor para un tipo particular de partes interesadas (stakeholders). Este trabajo enfatiza la cuestión de la creación de valor como valor potencial, que gira en torno a la estrategia de la empresa; y también enfatiza la necesidad de tener un enfoque sistémico y holístico que considere a los diferentes stakeholders de la empresa. Si la gerencia no comprende el significado de valor, podría crear algo que sea irrelevante para los stakeholders. Se mostrará que, en un ambiente competitivo, para crear valor para los inversionistas en el largo plazo, la gerencia primero debe crear valor para los otros stakeholders: clientes, proveedores, empleados y la sociedad.
ANALISIS STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI KARAKTER “JUARA”
Authors: Ramadhianti Medina , Oktaviani Maya , Faesal Muhammad
Published: August 2023

At the start of offline learning, there are still students who are carried away by the atmosphere of online learning and there is a decrease in the character of some students when learning online so the role of the teacher is needed to foster and develop the character of the students. This study aims to find out the strategies used by teachers in instilling JUARA character values in grade 8 students. This research was conducted from July to August 2022 at SMPN 252 Jakarta. The results of this study are: 1) in instilling honest character, the teacher uses an assessment rubric strategy (especially for English lessons), integrity pacts, personal correction, giving assignments, role models/examples, advice/appeals, 2) in instilling tenacious character, the teacher uses strategies by providing trust, examples/examples, group work, rote assignments (specifically Islamic religious lessons) and involving students in various activities, 3) in instilling a trustworthy character, teachers use strategies by giving responsibility, role models/examples, and appeals, 4) in instilling religious character, the teacher uses the tadarus Al-Quran strategy together, morning services (non-Muslims), holding congregational and dhuha prayers, getting used to praying before studying and going home, and holding events on religious holidays, and 5) in instilling active character , the teacher uses strategies by requiring mandatory and optional extracurriculars, Wednesday performance activities, group discussions, class pickets, healthy Friday activities, examples/examples, advice and the question and answer method.
GURU SEBAGAI TELADAN DALAM MENUMBUHKAN SIKAP TOLERANSI MURID DI KELAS
Authors: Ayu Philia , Dirgantoro Kurnia
Published: August 2023

Plurality in the classroom should be seen as a potential for students to learn to complement each other. But in fact, not all students of class VII in one of the Christian Schools in Central Lampung are able to respond well to differences. This gap is the topic of the problem in this study, where data is obtained from observations, accompanied by interview questionnaires and questionnaires. Participants consisted of classroom guardians, counselor teachers and 21 students of class VII. This research was created with the aim of reviewing the importance of teachers as examples in fostering tolerance of students in the classroom, as well as explaining what efforts teachers make in fostering tolerance attitudes of students. The results of the study showed that it is very important for teachers to have transparency. For example, is the response of gratitude to a believer in God, for it has been enabled to live in love with others. Then explained also the efforts made by teachers to foster tolerance of students, namely: showing example, providing reinforcement and explanation of tolerance in learning, and training students to live in community unity. The advice written for the next study is the addition of observation time to see the significance of student development, the involvement of researchers who are more active in the classroom, and more careful in approaching students.
Влияние замещения ионами Bi-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- на структурно-фазовое состояние и особенности магнитной структуры твердого раствора BaFe-=SUB=-12-x-=/SUB=-Bi-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-19-=/SUB=-
Authors: Труханов А.В. , Труханов C.В. , Коровушкин В.В. , Костишин В.Г. , Турченко В.А. , Зубарь Т.И. , Sangaa D. , Абметко Н.В. , Греков И.А. , Мигас Д.Б. , Тишкевич Д.И.
Published: August 2023

The results of studies of the features of the phase composition, crystal and magnetic structure of Bi-substituted barium hexaferrite BaFe12-xBixO19 (0.1≤ x≤ 1.2) by methods of Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, as well as image analysis by scanning electron microscopy are presented. Samples of Bi-substituted hexaferrites - BaFe12-xBixO19 (where x=0.1; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 and 1.2) were synthesized by the method of solid-phase reactions with double annealing (at T=1100oC for 6 h) and intermediate grinding (for 0.5 h). The X-ray phase analysis allowed us to establish the limit of substitution of Fe3+ ions by Bi3+ ions. It has been shown that at a low level of substitution (x≤0.3) there are no impurity phases detected and the samples are characterized by a single-phase state with the spatial group P63/mmc. When the degree of substitution increases (x>0.3) the formation of impurity phases is noted, which can be explained by the difficulties of ion diffusion in the process of solid-phase synthesis, as well as the formation of defects in the structure of magentoplumbite due to the large ionic radius of Bi3+. As impurity phases in the studied compositions (x>0.3) Marked: BiFeO3 (Pr. Gr. Pnma); BiO2 (Pr. Gr. Fm-3m); BaBi2O6 (Pr. Gr. R-3) and BaO0,5Bi1,5O2,16 (Pr. Gr. Im-3m). The content of the main phase (Pr. Gr. P63mmc) at the same time decreases from 95.11 to 88.27 vol.% when increasing x from 0.6 to 1.2, respectively. The analysis performed by the method of Messbaurov spectroscopy showed that all Fe ions have a charge of 3+. And all parameters lie within the values characteristic of Fe3+ ions corresponding to the coordination of polyhedra: 12k. 4f2, 2a - octahedra, 4f1 - tetrahedron, and 2b - bipyramide. It is possible to single out a small monotonous decrease only for the 12k position. The analysis of SEM images showed an increase in the average particle size up to 10 mkm, depending on the concentration of bismuth oxide during the synthesis of hexaferrite.
Влияние наночастиц карбида гафния на эмиссионные свойства квази-2D-графен/нанотрубной пленки: исследование из первых принципов
Authors: Глухова О.Е. , Слепченков М.М.
Published: August 2023

Using computer materials science methods based on first-principles approaches and high-performance computing, we have studied the effect of hafnium carbide (HfC) nanoparticles on the emission properties of graphene/nanotube hybrid films. The optimal distance between graphene/nanotube structures in the composition of the hybrid film and the optimal mass fraction of HfC nanoparticles, which provide the greatest reduction in the electron work function, have been established. It has been found that partial charge transfer from the nanoparticle HfC to the carbon framework leads to changes in the density of electronic states, resulting in a change of both the Fermi energy and the height of the potential barrier for the emitting electron change, which leads to a decrease in the work function of the electron by 8–10%.
GaP-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-As-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=- solid solution growth by molecular beam epitaxy: phenomenological description of the x dependence from growth conditions on GaAs(001) substrate
Authors: Putyato M. A.  , Emelyanov  E. A.  , Petrushkov M. O.  , Vasev  A. V.  , Semyagin B.R.  , Preobrazhenskii  V. V.
Published: August 2023

The experimental dependences of the GaPxAs1-x solid solution phosphorus proportion on growth conditions by molecular beam epitaxy from As2 and P2 molecules on GaAs(001) substrate were described using the phenomenological model. The model was built on the well-established ideas about the III-V compounds MBE growth. The ratio of the arsenic and phosphorus atoms incorporation coefficients was considered as a function of the substrate temperature and molecular flux densitys. Empirical expressions were found that describe the behavior of the arsenic and phosphorus incorporation coefficients ratio depending on the indicated growth parameters. This makes it possible to estimate the V group molecule flux values to obtain the required x in a GaPxAs1-x solid solution at the given substrate temperature and the gallium atoms flow density. Keywords: molecular beam epitaxy, AIIIBV, solid solutions, GaPxAs1-x, phenomenological model.
Determining the mechanisms of current flow in structures of two-layer dielectrics
Authors: Bulyarskiy S. V.  , Belov V. S.  , Gusarov G. G.  , Lakalin A.V.  , Litvinova K. I.  , Orlov A. P.
Published: August 2023

Diodes of type Metal-Dielectric 1-Dielectric 2-Metal are promising for use in devices paired with antennas-rectennas. To create diodes with the characteristics required for operation, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of current transport in both dielectrics and their contacts with metals. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for dividing the general current-voltage characteristic into characteristics of individual contacts, the analysis of which will also allow us to investigate the problems of the properties of defects in the dielectrics that make up the diode. In this paper, the solution of the above problems is presented on the example of the Al-Al2O3-Ta2O5-Ni diode. The authors showed how one can divide the current-voltage characteristic into components, calculate potential barriers at the boundaries of metals with contacting dielectrics, and determine the concentration and energy characteristics of structural defects in dielectrics. Keywords: metal-insulator-metal diodes, current-voltage characteristics, Poole-Frenkel effect, currents of thermionic and thermal field emission, currents limited by space charge.
Content and Quality of Mobile Apps for the Monitoring of Musculoskeletal or Neuropathic Pain in Australia: Systematic Evaluation
Authors: Simmich Joshua , Ross Megan Heather , Andrews Nicole Emma , Vaezipour Atiyeh , Russell Trevor Glen
Published: August 2023

Background

Mobile apps offer a potential mechanism for people with persistent pain to monitor pain levels conveniently within their own environment and for clinicians to remotely monitor their patients’ pain. However, the quality of currently available apps and the usefulness of included features from a clinical perspective are not known.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the content and quality of currently available smartphone apps designed for monitoring the intensity or presence of musculoskeletal or neuropathic pain.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in the Australian Apple and Google Play stores. Apps were included if they were designed to monitor the intensity or presence of musculoskeletal or neuropathic pain and were available in the English language within the Australian app stores. Data pertaining to the intended use of the app and clinical population were extracted by using a custom-designed data extraction form, and app quality was assessed by using the 23-item Mobile App Rating Scale.

Results

Of the 2190 apps screened, 49 met the inclusion criteria. Apps were primarily designed for adult users (36/49, 73%) with nonspecific musculoskeletal or neuropathic pain conditions, arthritis, and joint pain. All apps monitored pain intensity, with almost half (23/49, 47%) also specifying pain location. Overall, the mean quality scores from the Mobile App Rating Scale ranged from 1.5 to 4.4 (out of 5.0). Between 20% (10/49) and 22% (11/49) of apps involved clinicians, consumers, or both in their development, and 20% (10/49) had published literature related to the development or use of the app in clinical scenarios. Although 71% (35/49) had data sharing features, only 5 apps enabled client-clinician communication through the app.

Conclusions

The overall quality of mobile apps that are currently available for monitoring pain intensity is acceptable. Presently, mobile apps for remote pain monitoring lack functionality for clinicians to view data between consults. Both users and clinicians should be aware of the limitations of these apps and make informed choices in using or recommending apps that best suit the clinical need.
Feasibility of a Smartphone-Based Hearing Aid App for Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss: Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jo Sungmin , Park Moo Kyun , Seo Jae-Hyun , Lee Ki-eun , Han Jae Sang , Lim Ji Hyung , Lee Jun Ho , Oh Seung-Ha
Published: August 2023

Background

Hearing loss is a growing health concern worldwide. Hearing aids (HAs) are the treatment of choice for hearing rehabilitation in most cases of mild-to-moderate hearing loss. However, many patients with hearing loss do not use HAs due to their high cost, stigma, and inaccessibility. Since smartphones are widely used, many apps that mimic the amplification function of HAs have been introduced. Smartphone-based HA apps (SHAAs) are affordable and easy to access. However, the audiological benefit of SHAAs has not been determined.

Objective

We compared the audiological performance between an SHAA and a conventional HA in a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Patients with mild-to-moderate hearing loss were prospectively enrolled from 2 tertiary hospitals and randomly assigned to either an SHAA (Petralex; IT4YOU Corp LLC) or a conventional HA (Siya 1 miniRITE; Oticon A/S). For the cross-over study design, participants used the alternate device and repeated the same 2-month trial. Audiological measurements were obtained using hearing tests, real-ear measurements, and the hearing-in-noise test (HINT). Subjective satisfaction was evaluated using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) and International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA).

Results

Overall, 63 participants were screened and 38 completed the study. In sound-field audiometry testing, the SHAA showed a 20- to 60-dB gain in the low-to-high frequencies of the hearing threshold level. The HA provided adequate gain in the middle-to-high frequencies (55, 65, and 75 dB in real-ear measurements), which is the sound level for most speaking volumes. However, the SHAA could not improve word recognition at 50 dB. The HA showed better audiological performance than the SHAA in both quiet and noisy conditions in the HINT. The IOI-HA scores were significantly improved by both the HA and SHAA versus unaided conditions. Among the SHAA users, 37% (14/38), 42% (16/38), 24% (9/38), and 32% (12/38) showed improvement in APHAB scores for ease of communication, reverberation, background noise, and aversiveness of sounds, respectively. There were no differences in adverse events between the 2 study groups.

Conclusions

The HA showed better performance than the SHAA in word recognition and the HINT. However, the SHAA was significantly better than unaided hearing in terms of amplification. The SHAA may be a useful hearing assistance device for patients with mild-to-moderate hearing loss when listening to soft sounds in quiet conditions. The SHAA demonstrated poorer performance than the HA in the mid- to high-frequency sounds that are important for word recognition, sound quality, and hearing in noisy conditions. Further development of the signal technology of SHAAs is needed to improve the sound quality of mid- to high-frequency sounds and overcome noisy environments.
Identifying the Most Effective Recruitment Strategy Using Financial Reimbursements for a Web-Based Peer Network Study With Young People Aged 16-18 Years: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Raggatt Michelle , Wright Cassandra J C , Sacks-Davis Rachel , Dietze Paul M , Hellard Margaret E , Hocking Jane S , Lim Megan S C
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Peers are an important determinant of health and well-being during late adolescence; however, there is limited quantitative research examining peer influence. Previous peer network research with adolescents faced methodological limitations and difficulties recruiting young people.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to determine whether a web-based peer network survey is effective at recruiting adolescent peer networks by comparing 2 strategies for reimbursement.

METHODS

This study will use a 2-group randomized trial design to test the effectiveness of reimbursements for peer referral in a web-based cross-sectional peer network survey. Young people aged 16-18 years recruited through Instagram, Snapchat, and a survey panel will be randomized to receive either scaled group reimbursement (the experimental group) or fixed individual reimbursement (the control group). All participants will receive a reimbursement of Aus $5 (US $3.70) for their own survey completion. In the experimental group (scaled group reimbursement), all participants within a peer network will receive an additional Aus $5 (US $3.70) voucher for each referred participant who completes the study, up to a maximum total value of Aus $30 (US $22.20) per participant. In the control group (fixed individual reimbursement), participants will only be reimbursed for their own survey completion. Participants’ peer networks are assessed during the survey by asking about their close friends. A unique survey link will be generated to share with the participant’s nominated friends for the recruitment of secondary participants. Outcomes are the proportion of a participant’s peer network and the number of referred peers who complete the survey. The required sample size is 306 primary participants. Using a multilevel logistic regression model, we will assess the effect of the reimbursement intervention on the proportion of primary participants’ close friends who complete the survey. The secondary aim is to determine participant characteristics that are associated with successfully recruiting close friends. Young people aged 16-18 years were involved in the development of the study design through focus groups and interviews (n=26).

RESULTS

Participant recruitment commenced in 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

A longitudinal web-based social network study could provide important data on how social networks and their influence change over time. This trial aims to determine whether scaled group reimbursement can increase the number of peers referred. The outcomes of this trial will improve the recruitment of young people to web-based network studies of sensitive health issues.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/44813
Targeted Glioblastoma Treatment via Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles With De Novo–Engineered Transferrin-Like Peptides: Protocol for a Novel Method (Preprint)
Authors: Müller Fiedler Augusto , Medeiros Michelle , Fiedler Haidi Dalinda
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options due to the blood-brain barrier’s (BBB’s) impedance and inherent resistance to chemotherapy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with transferrin-like peptides show promise in overcoming these challenges, enhancing drug delivery to the brain, and reducing chemotherapy resistance.

OBJECTIVE

The primary goal of this study is to establish a detailed protocol for synthesizing and stabilizing AuNPs, functionalizing them with de novo–engineered transferrin-like peptides, and conjugating them with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide. This strategy aims to improve drug delivery across the BBB and circumvent chemotherapy resistance. The secondary objective includes an assessment of the safety and potential for in vivo use of the synthesized nanoparticle complex.

METHODS

The proposal involves multiple steps with rigorous quality control of AuNP synthesis, stabilization with surfactants, and polyethylene glycol coating. The engineered transferrin-like peptides will be synthesized and attached to the AuNPs’ surface, followed by the attachment of temozolomide and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. The resulting complex will undergo in vitro testing to assess BBB penetration, efficacy against GBM cells, and potential toxicity.

RESULTS

Initial preliminary experiments and simulations suggest successful synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs and effective attachment of transferrin-like peptides. We propose peptide attachment verification using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, we will conduct pH stability tests to ensure our functionalized AuNPs retain their properties in acidic brain tumor microenvironments.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed functionalization of AuNPs with de novo–engineered transferrin-like peptides represents a novel approach to GBM treatment. Our strategy opens new avenues for drug delivery across the BBB and chemotherapy resistance reduction. While we primarily focus on in vitro studies and computational modeling at this stage, successful completion will lead to further development, including in vivo studies and nanoparticle design optimization. This proposal anticipates inspiring future research and funding in neuro-oncology, presenting a potentially innovative and effective treatment option for GBM.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR1-10.2196/49417
Modeling performance in IRONMAN® 70.3 age group triathletes using a machine learning model (Preprint)
Authors: Thuany Mabliny , Valero David , Villiger Elias , Forte Pedro , Weiss Katja , Andrade Marilia , Nikolaidis Pantelis , Cuk Ivan , Knechtle beat
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Individual factors related to performance in age group triathletes competing in different race distances have been explored in scientific literature. However, only a few studies have been conducted using machine learning (ML) predictive models to explore the im-portance of those individual factors.

OBJECTIVE

This study intended to build and analyze machine learning regression models that pre-dict the performance of IRONMAN® 70.3 age group triathletes, considering sex, age, country of origin, and event location as predictive factors.

METHODS

A total of 823,464 finishers´ records (625,398 men and 198,066 women) of IRONMAN® 70.3 age group triathletes from 240 different countries and participating in 197 different events in 183 different locations between 2004 and 2020 were analyzed. The triathletes’ gender, age, country of origin, event location and year, and race finish times were thus obtained and considered for the study. Four different ML regression models were built to predict the triathletes’ race times from their age, gender, country of origin, and race location. The model with the best performance was then selected and further analyzed using model-agnostic interpretability tools to understand which factors would contribute most to the model predictions.

RESULTS

The Random Forest Regressor model obtained the best predictive score. This model's partial dependence plots indicated that men under 30 years, from Switzerland or Denmark, competing in IRONMAN®70.3 Austria/St. Polten, IRONMAN® 70.3 Switzerland, IRONMAN® 70.3 Sunshine Coast, and IRONMAN® 70.3 Busselton presented the best performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results prove that ML models can be used to look into the complex, non-linear interactions between the factors that influence performance and gain insights that can help IRONMAN® 70.3 age group triathletes better plan their races.
Road and trail running from 5 km to ultra-marathon – Trends in Switzerland from 1999 to 2019 (Preprint)
Authors: Thuany Mabliny , Witthöft Anja , Valero David , Forte Pedro , Weiss Katja , Scheer Volker , Nikolaidis Pantelis , Andrade Marilia , Cuk Ivan , Knechtle Beat
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

In recent decades the number of runners has increased significantly, but until now, we have yet to learn about the profile of participants and different types of running terrains and distances.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to compare road and trail-based races for different distances for a whole country (Switzerland) over two decades (1999-2019).

METHODS

This is a secondary data-based study. We considered a total of 1,172,474 race records (801,960 men and 370,514 women) from the finishers of the 5 km, 10 km, half-marathon, marathon, and ultra-marathon races in Switzerland between 1999 and 2019. Data included the athletes’ gender, age, race distance, and type of race (road or trail). The men-to-women ratio was estimated, and box plots were used to present differences according to gender, age groups, and race distances in both terrains. Pearson correlation was estimated. The confidence interval was fixed at 95%.

RESULTS

The men-to-women ratio has generally decreased in all race distances over the years. Runners competing in a road-based race were faster than those in a trail run. Men performed better than women independently of age, except those competing in a 10 km trail run. In road-based races, higher differences in participation between genders were shown for older marathoners. For trail runs, a higher men-to-women ratio was shown for older half-marathoners and participants in 10 km races. For 5 km, 10 km, half-marathon, and ultra-marathon races, a decrease in running speed difference were shown until the age of 50 years, while marathoners presented an increase in speed differences among genders over time.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study emphasizes the importance of tracking participation and performance trends over time, considering racecourse characteristics. This information could help inform future research and policy decisions related to sports participation and performance.

CLINICALTRIAL

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