bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İntern Hekimlerin Hekime Yönelik Şiddet Konusunda Yaşanmışlıkları ve Düşünceleri
Authors: Turla Ahmet , Aydın Berna , Ünlü Berkay
Published: May 2016

Amaç: Bu araştırmada Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde eğitimlerine devam eden, meslek hayatına atılmalarına az bir süre kalan intern hekimlerin hastane ortamında uğradıkları ya da tanık oldukları şiddet davranışları ve hekime yönelik şiddetin önlenmesi konusundaki düşüncelerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve yöntem: Kesitsel nitelikteki bu araştırma, 01-30.Eylül.2013 tarihinde Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde eğitimlerine devam eden intern hekimlere gönüllülük esasına göre gözlem altında anket uygulanarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya 161 intern hekimden 139’u (%86,3) katılmıştır. Araştırma öncesinde Tıp Fakültesi Dekanlığı’ndan gerekli izinler alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler paket istatistik programı (SPSS 20.0) yardımı ile değerlendirilmiş, sayı ve yüzdelikler şeklinde sunulmuştur.Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 23,79±1,23 yıl olup 75 (%54)’i kadın, 64 (%46)’ü erkektir. Katılımcıların %43,2’si öğrenciliği süresince çalıştığı kliniklerde yaptığı iş nedeniyle hasta ya da hasta yakınları tarafından şiddete uğradığını ve ayrıca %78,4’ü de başka bir hekimin mesleği nedeniyle uğradığı şiddete tanık olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu (%97,8) hekime yönelik şiddetin önlenebilir olduğunu ve şiddetin nedeninin de en fazla (%82,7), “sağlık sistemindeki olumsuzlukların sorumlusunun hekim olarak gösterilmesi” olduğunu düşünmektedir. İntern hekimlerin %95,7’si bu şiddeti önlemede en önemli yapılması gerekenin, “Hekime yönelik şiddet konusundaki yasal yaptırımların yeniden düzenlenmesi” olduğunu belirtmektedirler.Tartışma ve sonuç: Eskiye oranla sağlık çalışanlarına karşı şiddetin büyük ölçüde arttığı ve alınan önlemlerin yetersizliği bu konuda yapılan birçok çalışmanın ortak verisidir. Ancak sağlık işyerinde gözlenen artmış şiddetin toplumdaki profilin bir yansıması olduğu da unutulmamalıdır. Ülkemizde bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar yeterli düzeyde değildir. Bu konuda şiddetin nedenleri ve risk gruplarına yönelik çalışmalar yapılması, şiddetin önlenmesi yönünde daha etkin programlar geliştirilmesine öncülük edecektir.
İkili Ölüm Cinayet İntihar Olgusu
Authors: Gürses Murat Serdar , Eren Bülent , Akan Okan , Cantürk Nergis , Çetin Selçuk
Published: May 2016

Homicide-suicide event is defined as killing him or herself right after or in a short time period after killing one or more people. As events involve a couple, the term dyadic death is also used. Dyadic death events are generally observed to occur in families and in addition to this perpetrators are men, victims are women. Among the reasons of dyadic death are corruption in family relationships, somatic or mental diseases and financial problems. Marzuk et al. initially reported that homicide-suicide events are classified depending on perpetrator-victim relationship and perpetrator’s motive (jealousy, revenge, financial issues.. etc). Dyadic death event of the couple who divorced approximately 30 years ago and lived together for one last year again, in this homicide-suicide event victim died with incisive-perforating instrument and on the other hand the perpetrator died by hanging himself was discussed in the literature.Keywords: Homicide-suicide; dyadic death; incisive-perforating instrument wound; hanging.
Kondromalazi Patella ve İşkence
Authors: Ünüvar Ümit , Zenciroğlu Attila , İrençin Şükran , Can İsmail Özgür , Fincancı Şebnem Korur , Lök Veli
Published: May 2016

Aim: Chondromalacia patella is a syndrome characterized by degenerative changes of articular cartilage and anterior knee pain, which is common in athletes. Damage of cartilage may be the result of an acute trauma or overuse. Cartilage damage may also be a result of a direct trauma to the knee for the patients who alleged to have been subjected to torture. Although the relation between trauma and chondromalacia patella has been explicitly described in the literature, the relation to torture has not been reported previously. Aim of this study is to show that patients with a history of torture may develop chondromalacia patella.Material and Method: From 2002 to 2012, chondromalacia patella was diagnosed in 23 torture survivors among 2901 patients who were subjected to torture according to the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey’s Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers’ reports. In 10 of these patients, the symptoms started immediately after the period of torture. 13 patients whose complaints started after a sport activities or an accident were excluded from the study. The relation between trauma and chondramalacia patella was evaluated considering their history, physical and radiological findings. Findings: All patients were male. Their mean age at the time of torture was 29.7±6.72 years. Torture methods in their history were direct trauma on the knee by kicking, hitting with truncheon, jumping on the knee while the victim laying on the ground or waiting/dragging on the knee constantly. Typical complaints were anterior knee pain.Conclusion: Torture can be an etiologic factor for chondromalacia patella and it should be kept in mind in torture survivors if they have symptoms and signs and diagnostic studies should be considered.Key words: Chondromalasia; Patella; Etiologic factor; Trauma; Torture.
Çalışma Süreleri ve Ücretler Çalışan Çocuğun Kabullenilmiş İstismarı mı Çıraklık Okullarında Yapılan Bir Çalışma
Authors: Büken Erhan , Büken Bora
Published: May 2016

Article 9 of the Universal Declaration Of The Rights Of Children regulates that children are not to be employed before having reached a certain age. Both in our country and the world, the method and principles of the employement of the underaged, the duration of their shifts and break intervals and the amounts they are to earn have been subject to legislation. The object of this study is to compare the real shift durations of working children and the amounts of money they recieve in return, with the regulation for it in the law.Material and Method: In the 2006-2007 school year, 580 (546 male, 34 female) students of apprentice schools have been subject to a survey which questioned the duration of their working shifts and their wages.Findings: The average daily shift being 12 (11.089 ± 2,24 SD ) hours,  57.8% have been found to be working over 8 hours a day. No difference has been found between children of different age groups and sex, as regards the duration of their working shifts. No important difference has been found between children who are employed in different sectors, as regards their working hours. 3.6% of the participants have been found to work longer than 16 hours a day (median: 12.00,  range: 6-18, SD: 0.11).3.6% of the participants have been found to earn less than the minimum wage provided by the law.Discussion and Conclusion: While the employement of children is already an issue by itself, it is great risk to make children work long shifts, which is why it should be viewed to be a branch of child exploitation. The wages that seem to be in accordance with the law are usually fairly inadequate, when the working hours are taken into consideration. It will be argued that in the inspection of workplaces where the employement of children is allowed, working hours of children should also be inspected, in order to prevent at least some harm from being done.Keywords: working children,economical abuse,long working hours,salary
The Role of Forensic Autopsies in Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: Çengel Gülden , Uyanıker Zehra Demiroğlu , Ünüvar Ümit , Can İsmail Özgür , Olgun Esra Gürlek
Published: May 2016

Background: Death from cancer is mostly considered as natural deaths. The role of cancer on the cause of death in forensic cases like sudden deaths, negligence or malpractice claims are being investigated. In a small amount of forensic cases, cancer is found incidentally at the autopsy. The aim of this study was to reveal characteristics of the cases in which cancer was diagnosed and types of malignancies in medicolegal autopsies. In addition, the role of forensic autopsies in determining oncological diseases was discussed.Methods: Forensic autopsies were performed in the Morgue Department of Forensic Medicine Council in İzmir for eight years were retrospectively reviewed. Cases that postmortem histopathological examination performed and malignant tumors diagnosed were included in the study. Data about age, sex, location of tumors, immediate causes of death and the potential relation between tumors and the primary cause of death were investigated.Results: In eight year period (between 2001 and 2009), 3722 medicolegal autopsies were done by postmortem histopathological examination. In 86 cases such kind of tumors were observed. In seven of 86 cases the tumors were determined as benign and excluded from the study. The remaining 79 cases with malignant tumors included in the study, 63 (79.7%) were male and 16 (20.3%) were female, mean age 54.96±20.35 (range: 7-88 years). The tumors were most frequently located in respiratory system (35.4%), gastrointestinal system (19%), genitourinary system (10.1%) and central nervous system (8.9%). The males most frequently had tumors in the respiratory system (42.9%) and the females in the endocrine system (25%). According to histopathological classification of the tumors, the most frequent tumors were epithelial tumors (65.8%), followed by hemopoetic (12.7%), mesenchymal (7.6%), glial (5.1%) and neuroendocrine tumors (2.5%) and timoma (1.3%). The tumors could not be histopathologically differentiated in 5.1% of the deaths. Cause of death was considered as cancer related complications in 58 cases (73.4%), other natural causes in 6 cases (7.6%) and external factors such as traumas and intoxications in 10 cases (12.7%). The cause of could not determined following complete autopsy and postmortem investigation in 5 cases (6.3%).Conclusion: Providing accurate cancer statistics by only clinical trials or medical autopsies that are diminished nowadays and clinical cancer outputs seems to be inadequate. We participated that investigating malignancies in large series of forensic autopsies would be contributed to data about public health.Keywords: cancer, medicolegal autopsy, cause of death
Hekimlerin Ölümle Karşılaşma Sıklıklarına Gore Ötenazi Harkındaki Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Uysal Cem , Karaaslan Bekir , Tanrıverdi Halis , Çelepkolu Tahsin , Korkmaz Mustafa , Bulut Kasım , Bez Yasin , Tıraşçı Yaşar , Özkara Erdem
Published: May 2016

Introduction Euthanasia is the medical and painless practice of ending the life of a patient through an omission or an act performed on his/her own request, or the permission of his/her legal guardian or heirs if the person cannot give a declaration of intent, in order to end his/her suffering due to an untreatable and pity-evoking disease. This study compares the opinions of the physicians dealing with severely ill or terminal patients with the opinions of the physicians dealing with non-terminal patients on euthanasia. Material and Method Our survey was conducted on the physicians who served at the basic sciences and hemodialysis departments, intensive care units, hematology and oncology wards, and internal medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry and physical therapy clinics of the medical faculty hospitals of the Dicle and Gaziantep Universities during the year 2013. The opinions of 169 individuals on gender, age, marital status, number of children, family structure, the department they work in, the frequency they are faced with death, professional experience, presence of any bedridden relatives, and their  view on requesting euthanasia for themselves or their relatives  were asked for the purposes of the study. Results Among the subjects included in the survey, 60 (35.5%) were female while 109 (64.5% were male. In terms of the marital status, 105 (62.1%) were married, 63 (37.3%) were single and 1 (0.6%) was widowed. Eighty-five subjects (50.3%) declared that they may think of euthanasia depending on the age and diagnosis, 20 (11.8%) were undecided, while 64 subjects (37.9%) stated that they would never think of euthanasia even in a terminal case. Discussion and Conclusion Beyond its medical and legal aspects, euthanasia is also associated with people’s emotional state and belief systems. Whether it is active or passive, euthanasia is a very grave decision for health professionals, patients, and relatives of the patients.Key Words: Euthanasia, Death, Physicians
Eskişehir’de Demiryolu Ölümleri 2001-2010
Authors: Özsoy Sait , Karbeyaz Kenan , Akkaya Harun , Çelikel Adnan
Published: May 2016

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the judicial investigation files, autopsy findings and toxicological screening of the cases who died due to railroad accidents in Eskişehir between 2001 and 2010.Material and method: In this study, 2615 forensic deaths that occurred in Eskişehir between the years 2001–2010 were assessed and 38 cases (1.5%) among these that have occurred due to railroad accidents have been reviewed. Demographic characteristics, autopsy findings, toxicological screenings of the cases and the results of the judicial investigation files were evaluated.Results: It was determined that all of the cases had died in the scene of accident. The ages of the cases varied between 7 and 72 (mean age: 37±11.2) and 81.6% of the cases were male. It was observed that in 78.9% of the cases there were injuries in upper body (chest and back), in 71.1% there were injuries in both abdomen and pelvis, in 81.6% of the cases the injuries were in both upper and lower extremities. Toxicological screening revealed ethyl alcohol presence in levels between 21 mg/dL and 291 mg/dL (average of 71±43mg/dL) in 16 (42%) of the cases.After the examination of the autopsy reports and judicial investigation files; it was determined that 76.3% of the cases were due to accident and 23.7% of the cases were suicide events. It was seen that 81.6% of the cases took place outside the stations of the railroads and 52.6% occurred during summer months. Moreover, 57.9% of the incidents happened on Friday, Saturday or Sunday and 57.9 % lost their lives between the hours of 18:01– 00:00.Discussion and conclusion: We have concluded that the reasons of the high rate of death that occurred on railways are linked to lack of accident prevention precautions and failure to comply with the rules.Key Words: Transportation; railroad accidents; train-pedestrian / vehicle collision; death; autopsy; toxicology
İnsan Isırığı Sonucu Gelişen Parmak Amputasyonu
Authors: Doğan Kamil Hakan , Artuç Selahattin , Doğan Nadire Ünver , Demirci Şerafettin
Published: May 2016

Bite is a type of wound created with animal or human teeth. Bite wounds created by humans are encountered in situations as fighting, rape, murder and child abuse. Bite marks are usually observed on arms, neck, breasts, body, cheeks and legs. The teeth may penetrate to skin on the areas where bone or cartilage tissue lies underneath skin, and tissue loss may occur. Auricles are most frequent regions that occur tissue loss with bites. Finger amputation occurring with human bite is extremely rare. The case presented in this paper is a 28 years old man. In his medical history, the 3rd finger of his left hand was bitten during a fight two months ago. One centimeter shortness at the end point of the distal phalanx of the left 3rd finger because of tissue loss was found in the examination. In his left hand radiograph, bone defect at the middle part of the distal phalanx of 3rd finger was determined. The case has been discussed by comparing similar cases rarely reported in the literature.Keywords: Forensic medicine, human bite, amputation
Adli Olgularda Organ Nakli Sürecinde Adli Tıbbın Rolü
Authors: Beyaztaş Fatma Yücel , İlhan Ramazan , Yaman Sema , Bütün Celal , Özen Bahadır , Yıldız Özlem Kayım
Published: May 2016

When medico-legal cases occurred brain death are potential donor candidates for organ transplantation, various problems concerning forensic medicine, judicial needs and ethics are confronted. In this paper, the problems encountered during organ extraction process in a judicial death case are reported.In the emergency service, physical examination of a case with attempted suicide to the head by firearm, revealed visible brain parenchyma through a bone defect on the right fronto-temporal region, a wound defect on the left frontal region, multiple cranium fractures and brain hemorrhage. The case immediately underwent operation, the bone defects were closed and the wounds were sutured. Approximately one day after the operation, a diagnosis of brain death was made in the intensive case unit. As the case is a potential donor candidate for organ transplantation, an interview with his family members was made, resulting in agreement for organ donation. When the public prosecutor asked to the Forensic Medicine Department for the acceptability of organ extraction, after the evaluation of judiciary and medical records, we decided that the organ extraction would not preclude the determination of the cause of death in this case. After the approval of the public prosecutor, an external examination was made just before organ extraction. Thereafter, the case immediately underwent operation for organ extraction. The autopsy was performed on the deceased, after the operation. In conclusion, it is obvious that, when medico-legal cases occurred brain death are potential donor candidates for organ transplantation, the collaboration of public prosecutors with forensic medicine experts would be beneficial for both the organ extraction and the judicial processes.Key Words: Judicial case; brain death; organ transplantation; autopsy; forensic medicine.
Karbonmonoksit İntoksikasyonu Sonrası Gelişen Geç Nörolojik Sendrom Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Doğan Kamil Hakan , Özbek Seda , Doğan Nadire Ünver , Karabulut Ahmet Kağan
Published: May 2016

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and non-irritant gas occurring as a product of incomplete combustion and it is lighter than air. Intoxication with this gas is usually seen during the winter months depending on unsuitable chimney stoves or heaters burned as charcoal in a closed environment. CO intoxication is a serious condition, it can result in death or severe neurological disorders. In rare cases of CO intoxication, after the short-term recovery period after acute treatment, late neurological syndrome may develop. In this syndrome, a variety of neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms accompanied by hyperintense lesions in the subcortical white matter especially in the basal ganglia in typical cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are observed. Prognosis of patients is closely associated with white matter lesions on brain MRI. In this study, the presence of periventricular hyperintensity on T2-weighted images in cranial MRI as late neurological syndrome sign that developed after carbon monoxide intoxication in a 65 year old female patient is presented. It is known that CO poisoning has serious harms in the acute period. In these cases it should be kept in mind that, as defined in our case, late neurological syndrome symptoms may occur after about a month from intoxication. Therefore, regular follow-up of patients should be performed and they need to be re-evaluated in terms of forensic reports.Keywords: Carbon monoxide, neurology, forensic medicine, imaging.
Mersin İlinde Gerçekleşen İntihar Olgularının Sosyodemoğrafik Özellikleri
Authors: Metin Ali , Çileli Günay , Koçar İlker , Dokgöz Halis
Published: May 2016

Suicide may occur as a result of the imbalance in the social solidarity, dependence and autonomy relationship. Suicide act may vary according to the structure and strength of social ties. Relationship with the public and social support type influences the suicidal behavior of individuals. We determine the sociodemographic characteristics of suicidal deaths of 30 cases that occurred between 2012 and 2013 in Mersin; youngest is 15 years old girl, the eldest is 80 years old female, mean age 38.46 years, 17 (56,7 %) cases were male and 11 (36,6 %) were married, 16 (53,4 %) were single. 11 (36,6 %) cases drug and other substance intake, seven (23,3 %) hanging method, five (16,6 %) high drop method had applied. 11 (36,6 %) cases in winter and eight (26,6 %) in autumn, the suicide action has been performed. Four (13,33 %) cases previously had a history of suicide attempts, seven (23,33 %) cases previously had treated with psychiatric disorders.As for suicide, sociological, biological and psychological approaches, reveals the complexity of suicide. In this study, suicidal deaths were to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of cases in Mersin.Key words: Suicide, Autopsy, Forensic medicine, Sociodemographic characteristics, Death.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Cases Autopsied in South Marmara Region
Authors: Eren Filiz , Gürses Murat Serdar , Ural Mustafa Numan , İnanır Nursel Türkmen , Eren Bülent , Vojtisek Tomas
Published: May 2016

Carbonmonoxide (CO) related deaths, which are generally preventable accidents that include accidents due to the coal stoves and water heaters in bath at home, the mining accidents, and other accidents. CO accept as the most common cause of poisoning cases in many countries and its prominent feature is being a colorless, odorless and nonirritant gas.In the period from 2007 until the end of 2011, the autopsy records of the ........ of Turkey were reviewed. Over a period of 5 years a total of 5782 autopsies were done of which 218 involved CO poisoning, constituting 3,8 % of total cases. Information regarding age, sex, month, year, and as well as various aspects were examined. Study data were encoded with computer and Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for windows program.Of the cases 76 were (34,9%) female, 142 were (65,1%) male and male/female ratio was 1,9. Of the cases average age was 46.8, range between 1 and 90 years. 57,8% of deaths were in winter markedly. The highest carboxyhemoglobin saturation was 92% in the blood.Poisoning due to CO leaks from coal heaters is an important problem in our country and surrounding regions. The mining accidents should be reduced by increasing safety in the workplace. We must more expend efforts to educate the public and prevent CO poisoning.Key words: Carbon monoxide, poisoning, autopsy.
Akciğerde Yağ Embolisine Bağlı Ölüm Olgu Sunumu
Authors: İlhan Ramazan , Özen Bahadır , Beder Cemil , Öğüt Oğuzhan , Bütün Celal , Arslan Sulhattin , Beyaztaş Fatma Yücel
Published: May 2016

Fat embolism, generally serious trauma or surgery later, is to pass to the systemic circulation of the oil droplets released from the bone marrow or the soft tissues. It is developed after long bone fractures in the young, but also after hip fracture in the elderly. The clinical table occurred usually 24-48 hours after trauma may be such as light or can progress to respiratory failure and also death. In this case, the 84-year-old woman has been admitted to the hospital due to the traffic accident with complaint pains in the left arm and the left pelvic area. On orthopedic consultation, she was made the close reduction because of the left shoulder dislocation, the left supracondylar humerus fracture and the left ramus pubic fracture, and then, she was discharged to her house. She was reported as “dead” at the house after about three hours from accident. In autopsy of forensic case regarded as suspicious death, it was seen the hemorrhagic featured liquid out on the lung sections, the left shoulder dislocation, the left supracondylar humerus fracture and the left ramus pubic deplase fracture. In the postmortem histopathological examination, it was determined the stage IV of fat embolism in the interstitial capillary lumens in the lungs and the common bone marrow embolism in the medium-sized pulmonary vascular. According to the story of the event, the contents of the medical records, and the macroscopic-histopathological examination findings during autopsy; the death of the case occurred as a result of fat embolism in the lung together with extremity fractures depending on the general body trauma after the traffic accident.After post-traumatic bone fractures, early fixation and immobilization of the fractures is important to prevent the formation of fat embolism. Being careful follow-up and treatment of the cases is important in terms of prevention of the medical practice. Also, in the cases, the broken bones in the accident identified and evaluated as suspicious death; the contribution of the autopsy and the postmortem histopathological examination is clear on determining the diagnose.Key Words: Fat embolism, trauma, forensic medicine, autopsy, suspicious death.
Kurusıkı Silahla Yaralanmaya Bağlı Görme Sekeli Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Kılıç Serbülent , Sezer Fatih , Cantürk Gürol
Published: May 2016

Blank cartridge guns are much easily accessible than conventional firearms because their appearance and sound cannot be easily distinguished from those of the real guns. Besides, they are cheap and do not require any handling license. Blank weapons; are known to be used as a tool in mutilation, homicide and suicide. In this study, we present a permanent orbital sequel in a woman who was shot in her head, by her husband using a modified blank cartridge gun, and discuss how blank cartridge guns threat public security.Keywords: Blank firing gun, Injury, Death, Homicide, Loss of visual acuity.
Muğla Adli Tıp Şube Müdürlüğü’ne Başvuran Cinsel Saldırı Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Balcı Yasemin , Erbaş Melike , Işık Şahin , Karbeyaz Kenan
Published: May 2016

Objective: This research has been designed to evaluate victims of sexual assault crimes whom were sent to Forensic Medicine Department in Muğla, in last two years.Material and Method: Due to this purpose, 385 forensic reports issued for 341 sexual assault cases on behalf of victims between 01. June 2012 and 31 May 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Additional to demographic parameters such as, victims’ ages, sexes, relations between accused ones and victims, region of crime, and the period duration between the crime and forensic evaluation are also evaluated statistically.Results:  90,3% of the cases were female and 9,7% of them were male. 90,6 were Turkish citizen, rest of them have different nationalities. 63,3% or the victims vere younger than 18 years old, 36,7 of them were older than 19 years old. 50,1% of  the victims were teen ages between 13 and 18 years old. In 23,8% of the cases accused ones were ex or ongoing boyfriend, lowers, or fioncee, in 17,3 % of the cases they were  relatives. 56,3 % of the cases, it happened it house conditions. In 17,6% of the cases it has been detected that sexual assault had been going on since before 2011. 50,1 % of the cases had happened  between May and August. 33,7% of the victims has been evaluated by a physician in 72 hours after the crime and 33,7 of them were performed in Forensic Medicine Department.Keywords: Forensic Medicine, Sexual Assault, Genital Examination
Bakımevinde Ölüm ile Sonuçlanan Engelli Çocuğa Yönelik Fiziksel İstismar Olgusu
Authors: Metin Ali , Bilgin Nursel Gamsız , Yıldırım Veli
Published: May 2016

People with disabilities constitute a large portion of our society as approximately 12.3%. İndividuals with disabilities have been in the risk group of violence. Disabled people have been target of physical, sexual, economic, emotional violence  such as children, women and elderly. As a result of the violence experience they may have physical, mental problems, increasing disabled level or die. Many national and international research include that people with disabilities  are exposed to different type of violence especially physical and sexual violence. 9 year old child that had lived in disabled care service, exposed to severe violence and neglect from care service worker. To show the incidence and result of violence  and neglect contribute destruction the source of violence.Key words: Disabled child, Physical abuse, Death.
Posttravmatik Yağ Embolisi ve Adli Tıbbi Değerlendirmesi Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Meral Orhan , Erdoğan Nihal , Güler Hülya , Kaya Ahsen , Koçak Aytaç
Published: May 2016

Fat embolism is defined as the presence of fat globules in the lung parenchyma or circulation after long bone fracture or other major trauma and often asymptomatic. However, fat embolism syndrome is the clinical symptoms and signs that defined after fat embolism and can be a fatal statement. It often manifests 24 - 72 hours after trauma with central nervous system, respiratory and urinary tract, eyes and skin symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to reduce the risk of death. While these cases often carry judicial nature and so, this clinical situation must be kept in mind during the arrangement of the forensic reports of these cases. In this case report, a 30-year-old male case is detailed in which the patient was injured after an extravehicular traffic accident and developed pulmonary fat embolism afterwards and was presented to our department with the request of a final forensic report. It is intended to emphasize on the elements to take into consideration while diagnosing fat embolism and draw attention to the changes made under subject "injuries result with risk of life", in the guide published in June, 2013 with title "The Evaluation of Injury Crimes Defined in the Turkish Penal Code with regards to Forensic Medicine".Keywords: Forensic report, complication, fat embolism, medicolegal evaluation.
Estudo da viabilidade do uso de cisternas em assentamento rural no município de Várzea-PB
Authors: Nóbrega J. S. , Silva F. De A. , Silva M. S. , Chaves M. T. L. , Lira R. P.
Published: May 2016

A escassez hídrica é um dos grandes problemas enfrentados pelas famílias que residem no semiárido nordestino, interferindo diretamente na qualidade de vida das famílias. Diante desse contexto se faz necessário a adoção de técnicas que se constitua uma alternativa viável para a melhoria na convivência das famílias, entre elas, o uso de cisternas para a captação de água da chuva, mostra-se uma alternativa que vem ganhando destaque. Neste sentido este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do uso de cisternas na melhoria das condições de vida das famílias do assentamento Novo Horizonte, no município de Várzea – PB. A pesquisa foi realizada no assentamento rural Novo Horizonte, pertencente a zona rural do município de Várzea – PB, onde foram realizados aplicação de questionários a famílias residentes no local. Os questionários eram de natureza quantitativa, uma vez que os mesmos, foram traduzidos em números, opiniões e informações para classifica-los e analisa-los. O questionário era composto por perguntas objetivas e subjetivas, abordando os aspectos de usos da água da cisterna, formas de tratamento da água, importância das cisternas, formas de captação de água, entre outros. Perante os relatos dos entrevistados foi observado que 100% possuíam cisterna em sua casa, e que as mesmas são uma alternativa eficiente para suprir as necessidades das famílias assistidas, sendo considerada uma fonte eficiente na captação de água das chuvas, e assim, proporcionando melhorias nas condições e qualidade de vida dos mesmos.

Use of cisterns in the land settlement Novo Horizonte, municipality of Várzea in the state of Paraiba

Abstract: Water scarcity is a one great problem faced by families residing in the northeastern semi-arid interfering directly in the his quality of life. In this context it’s necessary to adopt techniques that constitute a viable alternative to improve the coexistence of families with water scarcity. Among these alternatives, the use of cisterns to capture rainwater, is gaining prominence. In this respect, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of cisterns by families in the rural land settlement Novo Horizonte in Várzea - PB. The survey was conducted in the land settlement Novo Horizonte, belonging to the municipality of the Várzea- PB, where they carried out 15 questionnaires to families living in the place. Questionnaires are of a quantitative nature, since they were translated into numbers, opinions and information to classify them and analyze them. In view of the reports of respondents noted that 100% had a cistern in his house and that they are an efficient alternative to meet the needs of the assisted families and is considered an efficient source in catchment of the rainwater and thus providing improvements in conditions and quality of life thereof.
Avaliação de diferentes hipsômetros na estimativa da altura total
Authors: Feliciano Marya Eduarda , Ribeiro Andressa , Ferraz Filho Antonio Carlos , Vitor Paula Carolina Gomides
Published: May 2016

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a acurácia de diferentes hipsômetros: Blume Leiss [BL], Suunto [ST], Relascópio [RL], Vertex [VX], Haga [HG] e TruPulse [TP] para a medição de altura. Os dados foram coletados em varas telescópicas (A, B e C com 4,45; 10,75 e 7,8 m, respectivamente) por treze observadores. As alturas medidas foram avaliadas por meio de uma análise de variância em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Também foi utilizado o Teste t (99% de significância) para comparar a igualdade entre a altura total real de cada vara e as alturas medidas com os hipsômetros. Os resultados mostraram que apenas o RL foi diferente dos demais hipsômetros quando avaliados conjuntamente. Os hipsômetros VX, HG e BL apresentaram os melhores resultados em todas as análises, apresentando alta semelhança à altura real.

Assessing different hypsometers to estimate total height

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of different hypsometers: Blume Leiss [BL], Suunto [ST], Relascope [RL], Vertex [VX], Haga [HG] and TruPulse [TP] for height measuring. Data were collected from telescopic poles (A, B and C with 4.45, 10.75 and 7.8 m, respectively) using thirteen different observers. The height was analyzed by analysis of variance in randomized block and tested by Tukey test. The t test (99% significance) was also used to compare equality between real total height of each telescopic pole and heights measured with hypsometers. The results showed that only the RL was different from other hypsometers when all were analyzed together. The hypsometers VX, HG and BL showed the best results in all analyzes, presenting a high semblance to the real height.

 
Drilling of CFRP with an Electrodeposited Diamond Core Drill – Effects of Air Assistance and Tool Shape –
Authors: Kojima Yuto ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Tanaka Ryutaro , Yamane Yasuo , Sekiya Katsuhiko , Yamada Keiji ,   , E-mail: D155447@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Published: May 2016

This research was conducted to investigate the characteristics of electrodeposited diamond core drills when used to cut CFRP.An eccentric core drill was usedto improve cutting characteristics. First of all, the cutting characteristics of a normal core drill were investigated at a few different feed rates and compared with those of a diamond coated twist drill. The effect of air assistance on chip evacuation were also investigated. The cutting forces, surface roughness profile of the hole, and tool appearance were used for evaluation. At the same feed rate, more cutting force was necessary for the normal core drill than for the twist drill. When air was blown in, the cutting forces required by the core drill decreased drastically, but delamination was evident. When air was drawn out, the cutting forces of the normal core drill were almost the same as when there was no air assistance. On the other hand, when an eccentric core drill was used, the cutting force required was lower when air was drawn out than when it was blown in. Additionally, the surface quality of the hole when air was drawn out was greater than when it was blown in. When the eccentric core drill with slits was used while air was drawn out, the cutting forces, surface quality of the hole, and tool appearance were the same as when an eccentric core drill without slits was used. However, there was little core jamming. Therefore, the eccentric core drill with slits had the longest tool life.
Accurate Estimation of Cutting Time Based on Control Principle of Machine Tool
Authors: Saito Kosuke ,   Keio University, Aoyama Hideki , Sano Noriaki ,   , E-mail: haoyama@sd.keio.ac.jp,   UEL Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
Published: May 2016

The accurate estimation of cutting time before beginning a cutting process is necessary to improve the productivity of machining. Commercial computer-aided machining (CAM) systems estimate the cutting time by dividing the tool path length by the designated feed rate in a numerical control (NC) program. However, the actual cutting time generally exceeds the estimated cutting time for curved surfaces because of the acceleration and deceleration of the NC machine tool. There are systems that estimate cutting time while considering acceleration and deceleration along the controlled axes, but these are applicable only to particular machine tools. In this study, a flexible system for the accurate estimation of cutting time, based on the control principle of a machine tool, is developed. Experiments to estimate cutting time are conducted for the machining of complex shapes using two different NC machine tools. The actual cutting time is compared with the cutting time estimated by the developed system and that by a commercial CAM system. The estimation error of the proposed system is only 7%, while that of the commercial CAM system is 51%.
European Citizenship: Conceptualisation and Contextualisation of a Construct
Authors: Rebel Hendrik Jan
Published: May 2016

This article is partly based on a preparative article for the European Citizens Conference at the Romanian National University of Political Studies and Administration and some notes for the keynote speech, Bucharest, November 5, 2013. It contains an epistemological (concept formation) and methodological (operationalisation) approach to the construct of European Citizenship. In the epistemological part occurs a confrontation between the socio-legal conceptual development of the idea of national citizenship (400 BC – 1945 AD) and the politico-legal construction of the idea of European Citizenship after 1945 until the present day. The latter gives rise to a bifurcation of the European part (the space) and the devalued local part (the place), where national citizenship comes in between, such that we deal with a tripartite citizenship construct. The confrontation between these three forms is shown particularly in EU communication efforts through PR. and PD. which result in a gradual crystallization of the trend in public opinion on the citizenship idea. The epistemological developments should have an effect on the methodology of measurement, for which some indices are constructed as example. These indices form a critical counterpoint against the measurement devices in the Eurobarometers that do not reckon with other relevant disciplines besides social-psychology.
Anti-oxidant, antimicrobial and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of organic extracts from aerial parts of three Tunisian plants and correlation with polyphenols and flavonoids contents
Authors: Sellem Imen , Kaaniche Fatma , Chakchouk Ahlem Mtibaa , Mellouli Lotfi
Published: May 2016

In goal of searching new active compounds with important biological activities, a screening of several plants from salt-marsh region of Chebba-Tunisia had been realized. Three species had been selected: Calendula arvensis, Chenopodium murale and Nicotiana glauca. The organic extracts of different aerial parts of these plants (stems, leaves and flowers) displayed variable contents of total polyphenols (TPP) and total flavonoids (TF). Flowers acetone extract from N. glauca contained the higher quantity in TPP (264.8 ± 1.6 µg GA/mg), while stems dichloromethane extract exhibited the best TF content (49.8 ± 2.2 µg QE/mg). The important TPP and TF contents reflected a good anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities. The best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity had been shown in the fractions obtained after extraction with low polarity solvents. Whence, a correlation of flavonoids contents with biological activities had been shown, while, there was no correlation with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.

 
L'alimentation des hommes préhistoriques en Suisse
Authors: Jacomet Stefanie , Schibler Jörg
Published: May 2016

Les données archéobiologiques (botaniques et zoologiques) permettent de reconstituer plusieurs aspects de l’alimentation, de la prédation à la gestion des espaces agro-pastoraux. Dans ce sens, les sites des bords de lacs suisses offrent une information extrêmement riche, en particulier sur l’introduction de l’agriculture et de l’élevage. À la suite d’une série d’observations sur les chasseurs-cueilleurs et les agriculteurs préhistoriques et sur les sociétés des âges des métaux, des époques romaine et médiévale, il est possible de proposer aujourd’hui un cadre assez complet de l’évolution des rapports entre hommes et espèces végétales et animales.
Agroforêt : formes et pratiques héritées en Indonésie et à Madagascar
Authors: Bing Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2016

L’agroforêt suscite depuis une trentaine d’années un intérêt croissant. Longtemps condamnée par l’idéologie productiviste en agriculture, elle est souvent présentée comme un remède aux maux écologiques et sociaux liés au mal-développement comme à la surproduction. Elle n’en pose pas moins des questions. Cet article vise à proposer quelques hypothèses quant aux dynamiques ayant conduit à cette forme de culture vernaculaire, souvent mal identifiée.
Le Globe : de sa fondation (1860) à sa mise en ligne (2015). Quelques repères historiques et enjeux éditoriaux
Authors: Lévy Bertrand
Published: May 2016

A l’occasion de la mise en ligne quasi intégrale du Globe, revue genevoise de géographie, par le portail de sciences humaines Persée en août 2015, cet article dresse un panorama historique de la revue, de ses orientations et de ses rédacteurs principaux. La conclusion porte sur l’enjeu scientifique d’une telle mise à disposition en libre accès dans le contexte éditorial actuel, dominé par les revues écrites en anglais.
Classes censitaires soloniennes et impôt sur les produits agricoles. Réflexions sur l’organisation sociale et financière d’Athènes au VIe s. av. notre ère
Authors: Flament Christophe
Published: May 2016

The division of the Athenian society in four property classes is one of the least contested reforms of Solon. However, the amount of zeugite’s income as transmitted by the tradition makes them owners of properties so vast that some scholars expressed doubts about the accuracy of these figures. A new analysis of the famous passage of Pollux (VIII, 129.6-131.1) taking advantage of a recent study on Greek metrology actually enables us to restore more plausible figures. The last part of this study tries to establish that these property classes were first instituted for the levying of the tax on the agricultural products which was attributed by tradition to the tyrant Peisistratus.
The role of Italians in local economies of the late Roman Republic
Authors: Roselaar Saskia T.
Published: May 2016

Many Italians, i. e. people from Italy who did not possess Roman citizenship had access to land which they exploited commercially, both for growing agricultural products and for manufacture. They also played an important role in overseas commercial activities, in which they were protected by the Roman state against third parties. Their profits from this trade, and from wars fought in the Roman army, might have been considerable. At the same time many Italian towns and rural sanctuaries were expanded and monumentalized in the 2nd century BC. It is difficult to match individual traders and producers with the buildings erected in Italy ; nevertheless, it is clear that the most significant developments of public space took place in the areas from which many local inhabitants moved into the Mediterranean.
The transformation of urban waterscapes : documenting waterscape manipulation as an aspect of urban development in the Roman period
Authors: Rogers Adam
Published: May 2016

There have now been a number of important studies of wetland exploitation and transformation in Roman Western Europe. This process of landscape change further intensified in post-Roman times resulting in a very different landscape to that which existed in prehistory and the Roman periods. Landscape archaeology has demonstrated, for example, that in Roman Britain coastal wetlands were drained and the land reclaimed for agricultural purposes. Other wetlands such as the East Anglian Fenland, the largest wetland in Britain before modern drainage, were used partly for agriculture and partly as pasture for keeping cattle. Urban development in Western Europe, however, also resulted in considerable changes to the landscape including wetlands and other interconnected components of waterscapes including rivers and lakes. There has conventionally been an academic divide between the archaeological methodologies and interpretations of landscape archaeology (focusing on the countryside) and urban archaeology. Drawing on research undertaken as part of a larger project examining the relationship between Roman urban spaces and waterscapes, this paper will complement the important work of landscape archaeologists by investigating the theme of wetland change from the urban context. The paper will consider the way in which towns adapted to, controlled, exploited and transformed the landscapes in which they were situated paying particular attention to water. It will examine evidence of the drainage of wetlands, the reclamation of land and the redirection of rivers for the purposes of developing and expanding the towns. Rivers were also increasingly controlled through timber revetments, embankments and wharfs, representing growing command of the landscape.
“Sursum cor” Drie vroege sermones ad populum” van Augustinus op het christologisch-liturgisch feest van Hemelvaart (263, 263A, 265B)
Authors: Dupont Anthony
Published: May 2016

This contribution presents sermones ad populum 263, 263A, 265B of Augustine of Hippo (354-430). These sermons are situated on the liturgical feast of Ascension, and were probably preached at Carthage in 397, the beginning of Augustine’s episcopate and of his preaching activity. An overview of the presence of these three

sermones in the Augustine research and the analysis of their content, show firstly Augustine’s emphasis on Christology and ethics in the liturgical celebration of Ascension. Furthermore these sermons illustrate that the subject of grace -though not necessarily explicit -is present in sermons long before the beginning (411/ 412) of the Pelagian controversy. At the same time, they substantiate that the mere presence or absence and the specific thematisation of the topic of grace can not act as a tool to date Augustine’s sermones. Finally, these three sermones offer an interesting sample of the style, didactic rhetoric and content of the genre of Augustine’s sermones.

Their content is a valuable addition to his theology (of grace) that we know of his systematic writings.