bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Natural Products in the Management of Diabetes: The Current Trends
Authors: Adedapo AA , Ogunmiluyi IO
Published: January 2020

Natural products have played and continue to play a great role in the management of different diseases. Natural products are usually believed to be safer, cheaper, easily available and sometimes more efficacious than purely synthetic drugs. Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in the world. There is no cure for diabetes. With the increase in a number of newer drugs for diabetes, there is the possibility of a wide range of side effects that vary from one drug to another.  It is, therefore, essential to practice effective methods of the treatment and management of diabetes. Hence, the need to explore antidiabetic drugs of natural origin with minimal side effects is highly essential. This review provides a scientific perspective on the usage and research of natural traditional remedies in the management of diabetes. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of the previously reported clinical trials of antioxidative natural products in the management of diabetes.

Keywords: Diabetes, Natural products, Hyperglycemia, Diabetic complications,
Cefaleia em Malformações da Junção Craniovertebral. Análise de 65 casos operados
Authors: Lisboa do Vale Bruna , De Almeida Holanda Maurus Marques , De Almeida Neto Francisco Leite , Campos Diogo Berto , De Abreu Pereira Moisés Dantas Cartaxo , Da Trindade Érico Samuel Gomes  Galvão
Published: January 2020

Introdução: As malformações da junção craniovertebral são patologias frequentes no nordeste brasileiro, predominando a impressãobasilar (IB) e a malformação de Chiari (MC), por vezes associadas à siringomielia (SM). Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência, o padrão decefaleia e os fatores associados em 65 casos de IB e MC operados entre os anos de 1994 e 2015. Método: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivorealizado a partir da análise de prontuários médicos de pacientes diagnosticados com malformações da junção craniovertebral por meiode ressonância magnética e cujo quadro clínico refratário era indicativo de cirurgia. A amostra foi composta por pacientes operadospela mesma equipe neurocirúrgica no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, entre agosto de 1994 e maio de 2015. Tabularam-se osdados relacionados ao padrão e prevalência de cefaleia, além de seus fatores associados. A inserção, processamento e análise dos dadosobtidos foi efetuada por meio do software estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 21.0. Resultados: A amostrafinal foi composta por 65 pacientes. Observamos que 29 deles (44,6%) eram portadores de IB e MC, 26 (40%) eram portadores de IB, MCe SM, sete, apenas IB, dois, somente MC e em um paciente a associação de MC e SM. Do total de pacientes, 32 (49,2%) apresentavamcefaleia e 43 (66,1%) dor nucal. Houve presença de braquicefalia em 44 casos (67,7%) e brevis collis em 42 (64,6%). Quando cruzadasas variáveis cefaleia, dor nucal, braquicefalia e brevis collis, observamos presença em 9 pacientes (31%) do grupo que possuía IBe MC, e em 8 (30,8%) do grupo com IB, MC e SM. Conclusão: Diante dos resultados, recomendamos que para todos os pacientesportadores de cefaleia e dor nucal advindos de regiões em que epidemiologicamente as malformações da junção craniovertebral sãofrequentes, excluindo-se cefaleia tensional, sejam levantadas a hipótese diagnóstica de IB ou MC, principalmente quando apresentaremalterações no exame físico, como braquicefalia e brevis collis. Neste estudo, ressaltamos a relevância de se evitar a falha diagnóstica ouo diagnóstico tardio em pacientes sintomáticos, realizando-se tratamento cirúrgico oportuno nos que apresentam sintomas refratários eincapacitantes ou déficit neurológico, prevenindo sequelas permanentes.
Valor Prognóstico da Mutação do Promotor do TERT e sua Correlação com o Aumento do Edema Peritumoral em Pacientes com Glioblastomas
Authors: Martinez Anne Gabriele Senne , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Gois Katharyna , Gerhke Flavia , Bologna Stephanie Carolina Barbosa , Marchi Cassiano , Fonseca Fernando
Published: January 2020

Introdução: O glioblastoma constitui o tumor maligno primário do sistema nervoso central mais comum do indivíduo adulto do sexo masculino. Asobrevida média dos doentes com glioblastoma é de 3 a 5 meses sem tratamento, e na adoção de tratamento cirúrgico associado a quimioterapia eradioterapia a sobrevida pode chegar entre 9 a 15 meses. Marcadores de prognóstico devem ser testados e validados almejando a adequada estratificaçãoterapêutica destes pacientes e, consequentemente, o seu prognóstico. Objetivo: Revisão sistemática que visa estudar a mutação da transcriptase reversada telomerase em gliomas de alto grau, avaliando sua correlação com o prognóstico e a formação de edema peritumoral. Métodos: A partir da basede dados on-line do PubMed foram levantados artigos que mostrassem relação com gliomas de alto grau, mutação do promotor TERT ou edemaperitumoral em glioblastomas. Trinta artigos foram escolhidos para serem analisados mais detalhadamente. Foram escolhidos artigos de 2008 a 2018,com n de pelo menos 126. O fator de impacto considerado foi de > 1,0 ponto. Todos os artigos selecionados estavam em inglês. Cada artigo foi estudadoe os resultados importantes obtidos foram descritos em nossos próprios resultados. Resultados: A partir da análise de 30 artigos, em 43,3% delespôde-se constatar uma relação de menor sobrevida com a presença da mutação do promotor do TERT. Além disso, 16,6% mostraram a presença damutação como mais prevalente em glioblastomas primários. A relação entre a mutação e a formação do edema foi inconclusiva. Na literatura levantada,houve divergência, sendo que metade afirmou não haver relação significante, enquanto que a outra metade mostrou que a mutação leva à formaçãoaumentada do edema peritumoral. Conclusão: Conclui-se maior necessidade de estudos e pesquisas relacionando a mutação do promotor do TERTcom a formação do edema peritumoral, pois a literatura é escassa sobre o tema, visto que ser recente o início das pesquisas com os biomarcadorestumorais. Este incremento pode trazer importante informação prognóstica, além de possibilitar novos métodos de tratamento específico e guiado.
APLIKASI BIOSORBEN KULIT UBI KAYU (Manihot utillissima Pohl) DALAM PENYERAPAN ION Fe(III) PADA AIR PAYAU
Authors: Tepare Elsy , Bahri Syaiful , Musafira Musafira
Published: January 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang penjerapan ion Fe yang terdapat dalam air payau menggunakan biosorben dari kulit ubi kayu. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tinggi biosorben dan laju alir penjerapan ion Fe. Variasi tinggi biosorben dan laju alir masing-masing yaitu 20, 30, 40 cm dan 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 ml/menit. Diameter kolom yaitu 0,5 inch. Konsentrasi ion Fe diukur dengan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukaan bahwa kondisi terbaik untuk penjerapan ion Fe adalah tinggi biosorben 40 cm dan laju alir 25 ml/menit dengaan persentasi penjerapan 74,82%.Kata kunci: kulit ubi kayu, adsorben, penjerapan, ion Fe
PENGGUNAAN KULIT UBI KAYU (Manihot utillisima Pohl) TERHADAP PENYERAPAN LOGAM Fe (III) PADA AIR PAYAU
Authors: Duda Delta Rinanda , Bahri Syaiful , Hardi Jaya , Inda Nov Irmawati
Published: January 2020

The absorption of Fe (III) metal in brackish water in the Balaroa Village, West Palu District using Cassava peels (Manihot utillisima Pohl) has been carried out. The aim of this study is determining the lifetime of cassava peels (Manihot utillisima Pohl) on the absorption of Fe (III) ions in brackish water. The research was conducted in a simple purification water system. Brackish water was flowed through the simple purification water system containing Cassava peels (Manihot utillisima Pohl) with a volume of brackish water is 10 liters per day (measured flow rate) and been analyzed every 2 days using UV-Vis spectrophotometry for less than 1 month. The results of the study show that cassava peel could be used as biosorbent to absorb and reduce level of Fe (III) ions in brackish water for 2.821 months. The concentration of Fe (III) ions in brackish water in Balaroa Village, West Palu District is 1.666 ppm.

Keywords : Fe (III) Ion, Biosorbent, Cassava Peel
POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DARI KULIT BATANG EBONI (Diospyros celebica Bakh.)
Authors: Sasmita Vivi , Ridhay Ahmad , Ys Hardi
Published: January 2020

Research on the antioxidant potential of the secondary metabolite compound, ethyl acetate from ebony bark (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) has been conducted. This study aims to characterize and determine the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites of ethyl acetate fraction from ebony bark. Ethyl acetate extract was fractionated using Liquid Vacum Chromatography (KVC) and Gravity Column Chromatography (KKG). The isolated compounds were characterized using UV-Vis and IR spectrophotometers. Data on maximum absorption of λmax 273 nm from UV-Vis analysis showed the presence of chromophore phenol. IR spectral data showed several specific peaks, among others, at wave number (ʋ) of 3425.58 cm-1 indicating the presence of –OH group, C-H aliphatic bond at ʋ of  2924.09 cm-1  and 2854.65 cm-1, and the peak at ʋ of 1604.77 -1465.90 cm-1 and 3078.39 cm-1 indicated the aromatic group, reinforcing the assumption that the isolates produced were phenolic compounds. IC50 value of 75.47 µg/mL from antioxidant activity testing showed that the isolates obtained were antioxidant compounds with strong antioxidant categories.

Keywords: antioxidant, Diospyros, ebony, phenolic, isolation
STUDI ADSORPSI LOGAM Pb PADA TANAH TERCEMAR ABU TERBANG (Fly Ash) DENGAN MENGUNAKAN TANAMAN KANGKUNG DARAT (Ipomoea reptans Poir)
Authors: Putri Yul Uca Sali , Khairuddin  , Sosidi Husain , Pusptasari Dwi Juli
Published: January 2020

Pb metal adsorption studies on land water spinach (Ipomoem reptans poir) have been carried out. The method of analysis was carried out using a completely randomized design with two independent variables, i.e amount of Pb metal concentration adsorb on the roots of land spinach and the lifetime of the land spinach roots. The results show that the amount of Pb metal adsorp on the land spinach roots with variations in the age of 2-5 consecutive weeks was 0,023 µg/g; 0,03 µg/g; 0,084 µg/g; 0,099 µg/g, respectively. The results of both statistical tests, F test and LSD test, show that there was a significant difference in the concentration of Pb in each age of harvest, which in the fifth week showed the highest Pb level. BCF test results show that Pb metal adsorption takes piace with a phytoextraction mechanism.

Keywords: Absorption, Lead Metal, Land Weter Spinach, Pb Levels, Length Of Planting Time
PENGARUH RASIO PELARUT TERHADAP EKSTRAKSI DARI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Noviyanty Amalia , Salingkat Chitra Anggriani , Syamsiar Syamsiar
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of solvents to extract yield, phenolics total and IC50 values ​​of red dragon fruit peel and also get the optimal solvent ratio to obtain extract yield, phenolics total and the highest or best IC50 values ​​of red dragon fruit peel extracts. The solvent ratio used there are 6 levels of the ratio: 2:1; 3:1; 4:1; 5:1; 6:1 and 7:1 (v/w). The data obtained were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design that was applied to observations of extract yield, phenolics total and IC50 values, if the treatment had a very significant or significant effect followed by continued Tukey HSD test at 1% or 5% level. The results showed that the solvent ratio very significantly affected the extract yield, phenolics total and IC50 value of red dragon fruit peel extract.  The solvent ratio of 4:1 (v/w) produced extract yield, phenolics total and IC50 values the highest or best i.e  26.22%, 71.56 ppm, and 124.62 ppm.

Keywords : IC50, the red dragon fruit skin, solvent ratio, phenolics total
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSRTRAK LUMUT HATI (Marchantia polymorpha)
Authors: Nurhaeni Nurhaeni , Gladys  , Hardi Jaya
Published: January 2020

The research is about antioxidant activity of the liverworts (Marchatia polymorpha) extract based on the level of a polar solvent. This research was done by maceration of liverworts by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvent. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fraction were tested the antioxidant activity by using DPPH method. The result was obtained for antioxidant activity (IC50) on n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and vitamin C is 1065.33 ppm, 1326.52 ppm, 1876.11 ppm, and 13.45 ppm, respectively. The liverworts extract was identified contains secondary metabolites compounds of flavonoid, tannins, polyphenol, alkaloid, and steroid.

Keywords: Liverwort extract, antioxidant, IC50
MIKROEKONOMETRYCZNE MODELOWANIE ZAWIERANIA UMÓW KREDYTOWYCH NA CELE KONSUMPCYJNE
Authors: Malchar Jan , Dudek Hanna
Published: January 2020

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja czynników wpływających na skłonność do zaciągania przez gospodarstwa domowe kredytów i pożyczek na cele konsumpcyjne oraz weryfikacja zasadności zastosowania modelu probitowego z efektami losowymi. Na podstawie analizy danych z badania „Diagnoza Społeczna” wskazano determinanty analizowanego zjawiska. Wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy wyraźnie potwierdziły zasadność wykorzystania w modelowaniu panelowej struktury danych, umożliwiającej wyszczególnienie nieobserwowalnych efektów indywidualnych analizowanych gospodarstw.
On the Question Concerning the Creation of Unified Accounting Data Form “The Protocol of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation” for Mobile Teams of Emergency Medical Services
Authors: Birkun A. A.
Published: January 2020

Significant decrease in death rates from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) can be achieved by developing and implementing an integrated program of administrative interventions focused on improvements in the provision of the first aid and emergency medical care. However, both identification of the foreground and reasonable components of the program, and evaluation of its efficiency are impossible in the absence of reliable tools for collecting and analyzing data on epidemiology of OHCA and performance of the prehospital care system. This paper discusses the development of unified form for collecting data on cases of OHCA with attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), addresses the promising data form “The protocol of CPR” that is recommended by the Specialized Board on Emergency Medical Care of the Ministry of Health of Russia, and offers a set of proposals for optimizing the form with consideration for the international guidelines for uniform reporting of data from OHCA.

Author declare lack of the conflicts of interests.
Assessment of the Knowledge and Practices about Diabetes Mellitus among Governmental School Teachers in Uglat Asugour, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almohaileb Faisal Ibrahim , Alturki Omar Ahmed , Alsudays Ali Mohammed , Aldakheel Ibrahim Abdulkareem , Alarfaj Ali Abdulrahman
Published: January 2020

Background: Knowledge and practice about diabetes mellitus (DM) are crucial among school teachers as they could not only be diabetic, dealing with diabetic children/adolescents, but they also share the responsibility of improving the awareness and practice regarding the epidemic disease in our community. Objectives: This cross-sectional study was done in a rural area, Uglat Asugour, to determine the awareness and practices considering DM among governmental school teachers, and, their relationship with teachers' sociodemographic, life style, and anthropometric indices, and, their history of DM. Furthermore, the study aimed to compare between awareness and practice among study participants and to identify risk factors and their relationship. Participants and Methods: The study anonymously enrolled all the voluntarily willing elementary, middle and high school male teachers during April 2018. Data collection tool was a structured self-administered Arabic-language questionnaire that contained a part for collection of the sociodemographic, life style and anthropometric characteristics and diabetes medical history of participants, part 2 has 15 items concerned with knowledge, and, part 3 has 4 items concerned with practice regarding DM. Absentees for any reason were excluded. Results: A total of 171 teachers were targeted. The response rate was 91.8% meaning that 157 teachers were included. Their age was 33.5 ± 06.4 (mean ± SD) years. 5.1% were diabetic and 31.8% of them were having diabetic student(s). The knowledge regarding DM among them showed that 141 (89.8%) had good knowledge and only 16 (10.2%) were having poor knowledge. In regard to practice, 106 (67.5%) teacher were having good practice while 51 (32.5%) were having poor practice. Diabetic teachers and those with a family member with DM, ex-teachers on administrative jobs and teachers at elementary schools scored better than the others in both aspects. Conclusion: comparable to national and international reports, the majority of the targeted school teachers showed a good knowledge and exhibited a good practice regarding DM. Because the country suffers a diabetes epidemic, knowledge and practice require furthering programs that target school teacher in particularly.
A Review on Depression Detection Among Adolescent by Face
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Nagar Santosh Kumar , Shrivastava Anurag
Published: January 2020

Depression has become one of the most common mental illnesses in the past decade, affecting millions of patients and their families. However, the methods of diagnosing depression almost exclusively rely on questionnaire-based interviews and clinical judgments of symptom severity, which are highly dependent on doctors’ experience and makes it a labor-intensive work. Our study aims to develop an objective and convenient method to assist depression detection using facial features in adolescent. Most of the adolescent are totally unaware that they may be having depression. If at all they are aware of it, some adolescents conceal their depression from everyone. So, an automated system is required that will pick out the adolescents who are dealing with depression. In this paper, different research work focused for detecting depression are discussed.
El deporte como espacio educativo: Aportes y alcances de la formación en ciudadanía deportiva en Chile
Authors: García Dumenes Matías
Published: January 2020

Este artículo propone una reflexión y análisis sobre los aportes del deporte en la formación para la ciudadanía, la participación socio-política juvenil y la convivencia social en espacios educativos. En primer lugar, se abordan los problemas de convivencia en contextos escolares y deportivos, y se realiza una revisión sobre datos de participación socio-política de los y las jóvenes en Chile. Posteriormente, se exponen los aportes del deporte, en tanto espacio educativo para la formación ciudadana de niños, niñas y adolescentes en contextos pedagógicos diversos (escuela, comunidad, agrupaciones deportivas, entre otros). Finalmente, se propone el concepto de ciudadanía deportiva para articular dichos aportes y elementos orientadores para implementar la formación en ciudadanía deportiva en contextos escolares.
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This article proposes a reflection and analysis on the contributions of sports in citizen education, social-political participation of  the  youths  and social coexistence in educational spaces.  First of all,  the  problems  of  coexistence  in  school  and sport contexts are addressed, as a review of the data  about  the  social-political  participation  of the     Chilean     youth.  Subsequently,   the contributions   of   sports   are   exposed,   as   an educational    space    for    the    formation    of citizenship in the youths, in diverse pedagogical contexts   (school,   community,   sports   groups, among others).  Finally, the concept of  sports citizenship    is proposed    to    articulate    said contributions  and  elements  oriented  for  the implementation of a sports-oriented citizenship in school contexts.
 
Keywords: Sport,   citizenship   education, participation, coexistence, educational spaces.
Norma Moral y Criminalidad Femenina: Rol del Género a partir de la estructura tripartida de la Ética de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Flores Zuñiga Paula
Published: January 2020

A partir de los postulados de Paul Ricoeur de la intencionalidad ética y la norma moral, y de la primacía de la primera sobre la segunda, se establece cómo la estructura tripartida de la concepción de ética en forma insoluble conlleva en su tercer polo, la interpelación del sí desde su intención de la vida buena con la norma en el sentido moral. A partir, de esta tensión dialéctica de la alteridad y la ipse de Ricoeur, es donde se indaga en el rol del género en la interiorización de la norma moral, específicamente en mujeres que delinquen. Se plantea la vinculación de los conceptos culturales y sociales a la base de la norma moral en un sistema patriarcal, en términos anónimos y naturales, que implican para la mujer en su actuar una doble contradicción. Se discute sobre la incidencia de estructura tradicional de valores y normas precedentes, en el plano de la libertad y la vinculación con la ley para la mujer.
 
 
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Moral Norm and Feminine Criminality: Role of Gender based on the tripartite structure of Paul Ricoeur's Ethics
 
Abstract
 
Based   on   Paul   Ricoeur’s postulates    about    ethical intentionality and moral norm, and regarding the supremacy of the first one over the second one; it is established how the tripartite structure of the ethical conception involves, on its third  pole,  the  question  of  the  selfhood,  regarding  its intention of a good life with the norm in the moral sense. From this dialectic tension between the alterity and ipse of Ricoeur,  the  role  of  gender  and  the  incorporation  of  the moral norm is analysed, specifically in women who offend. The connection  between  the cultural  and  social concepts underlying  the  moral  norm  in  a  patriarchal  system  is presented. Which means, in natural terms, that it implies a double contradiction for women’s actions. The impact of the traditional value structure and previous norms is discussed in terms of  the  freedom  and  connection  with  the  law  for women.
 
Keywords: Paul  Ricoeur,  moral  norm,  ethical intentionality, gender, female offending.
Reflexiones en torno a la noción de Familia e Infancia: Psicoanálisis, Gubernamentalidad y Servicio Nacional de Menores de Chile (SENAME)
Authors: Fuentes Lara Ignacio
Published: January 2020

Se realiza un breve recorrido teórico sobre tensiones en la noción de familia como agente regulador de subjetividades en la modernidad tardía. En estas condiciones actuales se habrían desarrollado acciones orientadas a la sobre-judicialización de problemáticas individuales y familiares, reflexionando sobre Programas de Reparación al Maltrato de SENAME, como configuraciones neoliberales de las políticas de atención a la infancia y sus familias. Mediante nociones de gubernamentalidad y biopolítica se analizan funcionamientos generados por estas instituciones de atención a la infancia, tramitando la propia condición familiar mediante dispositivos jurídicos sancionadores.
 
 
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Reflections on the notion of Family and Childhood: Psychoanalysis, Governmentality and National Service of Minors of Chile (SENAME)
 
Abstract
 
A   brief   theoretical   journey   is   madea bout tensions   in   the   notion   of   the   family   as   a regulating    agent    of    subjectivities    in    late modernity.   Under   these   current   conditions, actions   aimed   at   the   over judicialization   of individual  and  family  problems,  reflecting  on SENAME  Abuse  Repair  Programs, as  neoliberal configurations  of  childcare  policies  and  their families,  would  have  been  developed.  Through notions   of   governmentality   and   biopolitics, operations  generated  by  these  institutions  for the  care  of  children  are  analyzed,  processing their  own   family   condition    through   legal sanctioning devices.
 
Keywords: Childhood,   law,   public-private, device, abuse.
Lo común y la cuestión de la institución
Authors: Dardot Pierre
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo desarrolla una aproximación al estudio de las sociedades neoliberales, articulando en su despliegue argumental la relación entre instituciones, prácticas de resistencia y prácticas de lo común, lo cual se desarrolla en tres tiempos. Problematizando la relación entre resistencia e instituciones, propone, en un primer movimiento, un problema disciplinar sobre la emergencia de la institución para las ciencias sociales, centrándose especialmente en la sociología francesa; posteriormente, y tomando como referencia los trabajos de Marx y Castoriadis, aborda la relación y distinción entre praxis e imaginario instituyente; para terminar planteando, en un tercer movimiento, a las prácticas de lo común como praxis instituyentes que logran no sólo introducir transformaciones a lo instituido sino también producir institución.
 
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The common and the question of the institution
 
Abstract 
 
This  article  develops an  approach  to  the study  of  neoliberal  societies,  articulating  in  its  deployment the relationship between institutions, practices of resistance and practices of the common, which develops in three times. Initially problematizing the relationship between resistance and institutions, he proposes a disciplinary problem about the emergence of the institution for the social sciences, focusing especially on French sociology; later, and taking as reference the works of Marx andCastoriadis, it deals with the relation and distinction between praxis and instituting imaginary; to end up proposing, in a third movement,  the  practices  of  the  common  as  instituting  praxis  that  manage  not  only  to  introduce transformations to the instituted but also to produce an institution.
 
Keywords: Institution, resistance, instituting praxis.
La creación política de lo común frente a la violencia radical e inconvertible: Psicoanálisis en los confines de la democracia política
Authors: Bilbao Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Tomando a la violencia como un aspecto crítico-esencial de la organización política y democrática de las comunidades humanas, el presente artículo intenta explicitar las modalidades aporéticas de su presentación en la historia. Ya que, vinculada de un modo innegable a la historicidad del hombre, en los modos en que esta historicidad se transparenta en las creaciones artísticas, morales, religiosas y políticas, la violencia supone de manera no menos relevante, una difícil consideración respecto del accionar que ella convoca al interior de las lógicas sociales. En tres tiempos temáticos destinados a una reflexión sobre sus contornos, límites y extremos, la violencia emerge en el lazo indisoluble que mantiene con la política y la historia. Las ideas de Hobbes, Hegel, Benjamin y Freud, son tomadas en consideración para analizar las características de dicho lazo.
 
 
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The political creation of the common front of radical and inconvertible violence: psychoanalysis in the confines of political democracy
 
Abstract
 
Taking violence as a critical-essential aspect of the political and democratic organization of human communities, this article attempts to explain the aphoric modalities of its presentation in history. Since, undeniably linked to the historicity of man, in the ways in which this historicity is transparent in artistic, moral, religious and political creations, violence is no less relevant, a difficult consideration for the actions that she summons within the social logic. In three thematic times aimed at a reflection on its contours, limits and extremes, violence emerges in the indissoluble link that it maintains with politics and history. The ideas of Hobbes, Hegel, Benjamin and Freud, are taken into consideration to analyze the characteristics of this link.
 
Keywords: Violence, politics, political democracy, psychoanalysis.
¿Qué es un compañero? Más allá de la amistad como paradigma político
Authors: Karmy Rodrigo
Published: January 2020

El presente ensayo plantea cómo es que cierta tradición filosófica se ha fundado en base a la politización de la noción de amistad, proyectando la política exclusivamente en base al conflicto entre amigo y enemigo. La hipótesis del ensayo es que la palabra “compañero” ha quedado sin problematizar en la tradición filosófica y que, quizás, sea ésta la que pueda constituir una política diferente, más allá del paradigma amistocrático que pende de sobremanera de la noción de sacrificialidad.
 
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What is a comrade? Beyond friendship as a political paradigm
 
Abstract
 
This essay shows how certain philosophical tradition has been founded on a politicize notion of friendship, projecting politics in base on the conflict between friends and enemies. The hipothesis of this essay is that the term “comrade” has been excluded from the philosophical research and, maybe, this term could constitutes a different kind of politics, beyond the amistocraticparadigm that depends from a notion of sacrificiality.
 
Keywords: Friendship, politics, Hobbes, Schmitt, commons, comrade.
El Diario de Francisca: Representaciones infantiles sobre la violencia política en la vida cotidiana durante los 70 / Francisca’s private diary: Childhood representations of political violence in everyday life during the 70s
Authors: Jara Daniela
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se propone una lectura del Diario de Francisca, un registro autobiográfico escrito en plenos días de la Unidad Popular y el golpe de Estado por una niña de 11 años, miembro de una familia urbana de clase media alta. Luego de situar brevemente al diario íntimo o de vida como una práctica cultural propia de la modernidad, se analiza la manera en que el texto ilumina las operaciones a través de las cuales la niña va habitando el mundo, entramadas en dinámicas socio-afectivas mediadas, interrumpidas o potenciadas por la clase. Se sugiere que las representaciones infantiles articuladas en la escritura del diario íntimo muestran diversos aspectos de la producción y transmisión de la memoria de la violencia política, y de la relación con los contextos de su producción. El Diario describe una escena de la violencia política en que ésta, lejos de producirse de manera intempestiva, ya estaba instalada en las formas de la vida cotidiana de la Unidad Popular (UP).  Así, la voz de la niña nos permite ver cómo la violencia política está en parte instalada y cómo va instalándose en la sociedad civil durante la UP, ya no sólo entre víctimas y perpetradores, sino también entre los niños, quienes participan de ésta, la negocian y recrean o reproducen. 
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This article focuses on Francisca's Diary, an autobiographical record written during the Unidad Popular (UP) period, more specifically in 1973. Francisca, an 11 year old girl, member of an urban middle-class family, witnesses the military coup and produces an intimate account of the events. After briefly situating the personal diary as a cultural practice typical of modernity, I will reflect on the way in which the text illuminates the operations through which the girl inhabits the world, embedded in socio-affective dynamics, interrupted or enhanced by social class. I suggest that Francisca’s Diary sheds light on various aspects of the production and transmission of the memory of political violence, the role of children representations and their relationship with the contexts in which they are produced. Also, I suggest that the Diary portraits a scene in which political violence was already embodied in the everyday life during the UP, no longer as a monopoly of victim and perpetrator agents. Rather I draw attention to the way in which the child negotiates, reproduces, represents and resists violence.
Keywords: private diary, political violence, childhood representations
Fine-grained parallelism and higher core performance: advantages of vector dataflow processor
Authors: Дикарев Николай Иванович , Шабанов Борис Михайлович , Шмелёв Александр Сергеевич
Published: January 2020

В настоящее время резервы в повышении производительности современных процессоров практически исчерпаны, что проявляется в отсутствии роста, как тактовой частоты, так и числа команд, выполняемых в такт, которые определяют скалярную производительность процессорного ядра. В разрабатываемом векторном процессоре с архитектурой управления потоком данных (векторном потоковом процессоре) производительность процессорного ядра может быть повышена до 256 флоп в такт на ядро, что в 8 раз выше по сравнению с последними процессорами Intel Xeon. Это достигается за счет более высокой доли векторных вычислений. В работе показано, что отношение реальной производительности к пиковой на программах битонной сортировки, умножения матриц и 2D Stencil у векторного потокового процессора выше, чем у лучших процессоров традиционной архитектуры.
The Concepts of Self-Sacrifice and Sacredness in Postmodern Discourse: Philosophic Aspect
Authors: Gizha Andrey V.
Published: January 2020

The article provides a critical conceptual analysis of the theological approach to consideration of relationship of the sacral and secular as well as postmodern interpretation of “sacrificial” and “sacral” concepts. The article gives the characteristic of the subject of postmodern “reflection beyond logocentricity” from the perspective of the logocentrically conducted classical Hegelian concretism of truth. Moreover, the postmodern subject appears incomplete from the epistemic point of view, with domination of subjectively varying logic of interpretation of the considered phenomenon. The study was undertaken in a manner of critical analyticity conducted in a systematic and dialectic way. It is meaningfully revealed in the historical and culturological relationship and is concretized in a substantial way. It supposes the achievement of such logic of consideration that appears to be aimed at the achievement of conceptual completeness of the concerned matters. Accordingly, importance is being increasingly attached to the methodological provision about conceptual and contextual diversity of the supposed meanings of the terms. Therefore, their interpretation overcomes the single attachment to the fixed type of discourse. The main findings of the undertaken study concern the peculiarity of discursive practice of theological and postmodern forms of thinking. There is shown that difficulty of true foundation of concepts of the religious discourse in its own frames does not overcome in efficiently conceptual way. The article stresses the absence of a mandatory link between sacral limits and their religious interpretation. There is highlighted the provision on the reactualization of rudimentary naturalistic religious ideas, which occurs as a result of the general crisis of ideologies and scientific form of consciousness. The author justifies the conclusion about the incomplete correctness of Eliade’s interpretation of the religious ritual as a process that eliminates historical time. The historical role of ritual practice lies in the formation and development of sacralized topos of value tracks of emerging sociality. The article shows that postmodern interpretation of concepts of self-sacrifice (victim) and sacredness takes place in an emphasized non-historical manner of psychologized narrative description.
Using community development theory to improve student engagement in online discussion: a case study
Authors: Skinner Elisabeth
Published: January 2020

Online discussion can be designed to develop the skills and confidence of students as well as providing an opportunity for constructing knowledge. If students decide not to participate or join too late, they put their own development and the quality of the learning community at risk. This article reflects on a first term undergraduate experience of a series of online discussion activities which failed to inspire timely and constructive participation. The case study identifies flaws in the design of the discussion, constructed using Salmon’s five-stage model, and shows how easy it is to miss the point when designing an online activity. Participation is a pre-requisite for developing community so this article discusses how professional community development workers identify and overcome barriers to participation strengthening engagement in a community by stimulating personal and emotional interests. In the case study, discussion topics failed to strike a personal chord with many students. This has implications for designing activities that engage each student’s interest from the outset so that participation in the discussion becomes a truly creative experience.Keywords: online discussion; Salmon’s five-stage model; learning communities; student engagementDOI: 10.1080/09687760902951599
The therapeutic management of non-cognitive symptoms of dementia
Authors: Szalontay Andreea Silvana , Untu Ilinca , Radu Dania , Boloș Alexandra
Published: January 2020

It is estimated that, with the increase of the life expectancy of the population, one in two people at the age of 85 years old will have a form of dementia. This will represent a real burden for medical systems, and an increasing responsibility for their families and for society. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia continue to receive insufficient attention. These symptoms can be observed some years before an adequate diagnosis of dementia, and they can be the first signs of alarm before the development of specific cognitive pathology. Patients suffering from dementia can benefit from integrated medical services, specialized care at home or at the hospital, day care services, specialized health services, memory assessment services, psychological and home care therapies, together with a specific drug therapy. Taking into account all of these aspects presented above, the aim of the paper is to analyze if an earlier diagnosis of dementia can be done in clinical practice, because the initiation of earlier treatment, in the mild-to-moderate phase, can lead to a considerable improvement of cognitive functions. In this context, as dementia is diagnosed earlier, an appropriate treatment can also improve the behavioral symptomatology. Also, a multidisciplinary approach can be of real help in assessing, anticipating and managing all these issues.
Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy with rapid evolution toward dementia in alcoholic dependence – case report
Authors: Crişan Cătălina , Grosu Laura , Vanţa Oana
Published: January 2020

Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric condition caused by thiamine deficiency. Only a small percentage of patients experience all three symptoms, with ophtalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion, and the full triad occurs more frequently among those who have overused alcohol. The evolution is toward full recovery, Korsakoff syndrome, dementia or death. We present the case of a 56-year-old patient, known with a diagnostic of alcoholism, who was admitted for a complicated withdrawal syndrome with delirium and who developed encephalopathy and dementia syndrome.
Dynamic pH responsivity of triazole-based self-immolative linkers
Authors: Roberts Derrick , Pilgrim Ben S. , Dell Tristan , Stevens Molly
Published: January 2020

The Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne ‘click’ reaction is used to generate triazole-based self-immolative linkers that can be reversibly paused and restarted throughout their elimination cascades. The formed 1,4-triazole ring expresses a pH-sensitive intermediate that can be switched dynamically between active and dormant states depending on the presence of acid or base, cleanly gating the release of payload in response to pH changes.
Design of Potent Mincle Signalling Agonists Based on an Alkyl b- Glucoside Template
Authors: SMITH DYLAN , Hosono Yuki , Nagata Masahiro , Yamasaki Sho , Williams Spencer
Published: January 2020

The innate immune receptor Mincle senses lipid-based molecules derived from pathogens, commensals and altered self. Based on emerging structure-activity relationships we design simple alkyl 6-O-acyl-b-D-glucosides that are effective agonists of Mincle and signal with potency on par with the prototypical ligand trehalose dimycolate.
Insights into the Carbon Balance for CO2 Electroreduction on Cu using Gas Diffusion Electrode Reactor Designs
Authors: Ma Ming , Clark Ezra Lee , Therkildsen Kasper T. , Dalsgaard Sebastian , Chorkendorff Ib , Seger Brian
Published: January 2020

In this work, the carbon balance during high-rate CO2 reduction in flow electrolyzers is rigorously analyzed. The CO2 consumption at gas-diffusion electrodes due to electrochemical reduction and reaction with OH- at the electrode-electrolyte interface leads to a substantial reduction in the volumetric flowrate of gas flow out of the electrolyzer, especially when highly alkaline electrolytes and elevated current densities are utilized, mainly owing to elevated pH at cathode/electrolyte interface. Without considering the CO2 consumption, the Faradaic efficiencies for major gas products could be significantly overestimated during high current density CO2 reduction conditions, particularly in the case of high pH electrolyte. In addition, a detailed carbon balance path is elucidated via a two-step procedure of CO2 reaction with OH- at cathode/electrolyte interface and subsequent CO2 generation at anode/electrolyte interface caused by a relatively low pH in the vicinity of the anode. Based on the proposed two-step carbon balance path, a systemic exploration of gases released in anolyte reveals the transformation of a HCO3- or OH- catholyte to a CO32- catholyte, which was further confirmed by pH measurement.
Partially Graphitized Iron-Carbon Hybrid Composite as Electrochemical Supercapacitor Material
Authors: Rashmi M. Sai , Singh Ashish , Rout Chandra sekhar , Samal Akshaya , Saxena Manav
Published: January 2020

The conversion of biomass into valuable carbon composites as an efficient non-precious energy storage electrode material have elicited extensive research interest. As synthesized partially graphitized iron oxide-carbon composite material (Fe3O4/Fe3C@C) shows an excellent property as an electrode material for supercapacitor. X-ray diffraction, High resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis is used to study the structural, compositional and surface areal properties. The electrode material shows a specific surface area of 827.4 m2/g. Due to the synergistic effect of graphitic layers with iron oxide/carbide, Fe3O4/Fe3C@C hybrid electrode materials display high-performance for supercapacitor with excellent capacity of 878 F/g at a current density of 5A/g (3-electrode) and 211.6 F/g at a current density of 0.4A/g (2-electrode) in 6M KOH electrolyte with good cyclic stability.
Electrodeposition of Silver Amalgam Particles on Screen-Printed Silver Electrodes in Voltammetric Detection of 4-Nitrophenol and Artificial Nucleosides dTPT3 and d5SICS
Authors: Pavlina Havranova , Fojt Lukas , Kejik Lukas , Šikola Tomáš , Fojta Miroslav , Danhel Ales
Published: January 2020

Electrodeposition of silver amalgam particles (AgAPs) on various substrates offers perspective tool in development of novel electrochemical detection system applicable even in direct bioelectrochemistry of nucleic acids or proteins. Herein, a double pulse chronoamperometric deposition of AgAPs on in-house fabricated screen-printed silver electrodes (SPAgE) has been optimized using voltammetric signal of model electrochemically reducible organic nitro-compound, 4-nitrophenol, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. This compact sensor including graphite counter and Ag|AgCl pseudo-reference electrode was design for highly effective analysis of electrochemically reducible compounds in 96-well plate with about 150-µl sample volume per well. The SPAgE-AgAP offers detection of 4-NP down to 5 µmol.l−1 using cyclic voltammetry in acetate buffer pH 5.0. Advantageously, differential pulse voltammetry at SPAgE-AgAP allows highly sensitive detection system of unnatural nucleosides dTPT3 and d5SICS, which successfully expanded genetic alphabet of recently studied semi-synthetic organism, with limits of detection 0.1 pg.µl−1 in 0.05 mol.l−1 hydrochloric acid. Moreover, these artificial nucleosides are detectable in the mixture with natural nucleosides up to weight ratio 1 : 15 000. SPAgE-AgAP may be potentially utilized in simple, fast and sensitive electrochemical detection of organic nitro compounds and free or in DNA harbored dTPT3 and/or d5SICS, what may contribute in successful research and development of semi-synthetic organism perspective in chemical and synthetic biology.
Controlling the Morphology of Copper-Silica Nanocomposites from Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: John Mallory , Tibbetts Katharine
Published: January 2020

Synthesis of copper-silica nanocomposites with controllable morphology and composition were produced with a one-step femtosecond reactive laser ablation in liquid (fs-RLAL) technique. The composite nanomaterials were generated by focusing femtosecond near-IR laser pulses onto a silicon wafer immersed in an aqueous copper(II) nitrate solution, with the solution pH adjusted using nitric acid or potassium hydroxide. Under acidic conditions (pH 3.0 and 5.4), little copper was incorporated in the predominantly silica product (1.4 and 1.5 wt.%). These acidic conditions yielded large ~30-80 nm silica particles, with some particles consisting of copper core/silica shell. In contrast, increasing the solution pH to 10.4 resulted in extremely high Cu loading of 31.5 wt.% and a composite product consisting of 1.5 nm copper clusters distributed throughout a matrix of amorphous silica and copper phyllosilicate. The relationship between the precursor solution pH and the product morphology and copper loading is attributed to the point of zero charge (PZC) of silica, in which the high solution pH allows for electrostatic adsorption to occur between the deprotonated silica clusters from the ablated silicon wafer and the copper hydroxide dimer formed in solution.
The Quest for the Ideal Base: Rational Design of a Nickel Precatalyst Enables Mild, Homogeneous C–N Cross-Coupling
Authors: Liu Richard , Dennis Joseph , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: January 2020

Palladium-catalyzed amination reactions using soluble organic bases have provided a solution to the many issues associated with heterogeneous reaction conditions. Still, homogeneous C–N cross-coupling approaches cannot yet employ bases as weak and economical as trialkylamines. Furthermore, organic base-mediated methods have not been developed for Ni(0/II) catalysis, despite some advantages of such systems over analogous Pd-based catalysts. We designed a new air-stable and easily prepared Ni(II) precatalyst bearing an electron-deficient bidentate phosphine ligand that enables the cross-coupling of aryl triflates with aryl amines using triethylamine (TEA) as base. The method is tolerant of sterically-congested coupling partners, as well as those bearing base- and nucleophile-sensitive functional groups. With the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we determined that the electron-deficient auxiliary ligands decrease both the pKa of the Ni-bound amine and the barrier to reductive elimination from the resultant Ni(II)–amido complex. Moreover, we determined that precluding Lewis acid-base complexation between the Ni catalyst and the base, due to steric factors, is important for avoiding catalyst inhibition.