bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2009 Influenza A (H1N1) in Panama: a disease affecting children with a benign course
Authors: Nieto- Guevara Javier , Sosa Nestor , Garcia Mariana , Martinez Alex , Castillo Marlene
Published: September 2011

Introduction: Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) was identified as the major febrile respiratory illness worldwide during the year 2009.  We present a report of its clinical and epidemiological characteristics in children and adults in Panama.  Methodology: A descriptive study from the database of the Gorgas Memorial Institute is presented.   We included patients with severe acute respiratory infection in whom a nasopharyngeal swab was positive by real-time RT-PCR for 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic virus and negative for seasonal influenza A H1 and H3. Results: From 26 April 2009 to 11 January 2010, confirmed cases of pandemic 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) reached 806. The overall incident rate was 23.35 cases of pandemic influenza per 100,000 habitants, with the highest incidence found in the age group between 10 to 14 years of age (58.67 cases per 100,000 habitants).  The median age for the cases was 13 years (ages ranging from one day to 88 years) and 71% were from the Panama City Metropolitan Area.  The male/female ratio was 1:1 and 90% were managed as out-patients.   An influenza-like syndrome was the presenting diagnosis in 99% of the cases.  Fever and cough were the most frequent symptoms reported in all age groups. The case fatality rate was 0.3 cases per 100,000 habitants. Conclusion: The 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak affected mainly the pediatric population, had a low case fatality rate, and was the predominant virus circulating in Panama during the 2009/2010 flu season
Les réseaux d'ONG et la gouvernance en Amazonie
Authors: Buclet Benjamin
Published: September 2011

Résumé En Amazonie, les ONG écologistes misent, depuis une quinzaine d’années, sur l’organisation en réseau pour gagner du poids dans la définition des politiques publiques. Il s’agit, pour l’essentiel, de permettre l’expression de positionnements collectifs difficiles à assumer individuellement. Mais s’il est vrai que l’organisation en réseau représente le moyen de récupérer le côté politique des ONG, de nombreux réseaux sont autant le fruit de regroupements spontanés que la réponse à des appels d’offres issus de bailleurs de fonds internationaux. Il s’agit alors de déterminer comment se décline l’influence des réseaux sur la gouvernance régionale. L’article présente, dans une première partie, les dynamiques de la gouvernance en Amazonie. L’étude du contexte d’action et des organisations et institutions impliquées dans la gestion des questions socio-environnementales permet d’éclaircir les récentes transformations des processus de définition des politiques publiques régionales. La deuxième partie montre le difficile positionnement des réseaux d’ONG, en accordant une attention particulière à leur organisation interne et à leur participation au marché du développement.
La « North Limit Line » en mer Jaune et le retour de la guerre froide sur la péninsule coréenne
Authors: Yoo Junghwan
Published: September 2011

Au-delà de l’indignation et de la surprise, suite au bombardement de l’île sud-coréenne de Yeonpyeong, perpétré par l’armée nord-coréenne en novembre 2010, on essaie ici de récapituler les incidents militaires entre les deux Corées autour de la NLL ( North Limit Line ), une ligne de démarcation maritime en mer Jaune. Cet acte d’agression directe du sol et de la population impliquant le retour sur la péninsule coréenne de la guerre froide, on réfléchit sur les effets des politiques nord-coréennes de Séoul sur la relation intercoréenne. Car, à l’égard du régime nord-coréen toujours menaçant et provocateur, les gouvernements libéraux ont mené la politique de rapprochement tandis que le gouvernement conservateur actuel poursuit la politique de pression. Si les gouvernements libéraux se sont occupés d’abord du problème de paix sur la péninsule, le gouvernement conservateur s’efforce, avec le gouvernement Obama, d’obtenir la dénucléarisation et/ou le «  regime change  » de la Corée du Nord. Et pour trancher entre les deux, on attend le verdict populaire, au rendez-vous en 2012, année des élections générales et présidentielle.
L'économie politique coréenne, d'une crise à l'autre
Authors: Cho Hong-Sik
Published: September 2011

Cet article se propose d’analyser l’évolution de l’économie politique coréenne de la crise asiatique de 1997 jusqu’à la période récente dans la vague de la crise mondiale de 2008. La Corée a vu se succéder trois gouvernements qui se sont caractérisés, d’abord par une libéralisation générale de l’économie sous les deux gouvernements de gauche dans un effort pour surmonter la première crise, et ensuite par un retour du rôle de l’État dans le développement économique sous le gouvernement de droite dans le cadre de la gestion de la seconde crise. Dans le même temps, la Corée semble affirmer son rôle de leader mondial dans des secteurs comme l’électronique, l’informatique ou la construction navale. Mais malgré ces succès, il est tout aussi évident qu’elle présente des faiblesses à long terme tant sur le plan démographique que sur le plan social. Enfin, la Corée se trouve dans une situation délicate où elle doit gérer ses relations traditionnelles privilégiées avec les États-Unis d’une part, et celles avec la Chine à l’hégémonie ascendante, d’autre part.
Du roman noir au film
Authors: Mesplède Claude
Published: September 2011

Qu’est-ce que le roman noir ? Est-ce que tout polar est noir ? Claude Mesplede, critique littéraire, esquisse pour Mouvements la naissance et l’évolution du « noir » a travers la société étasunienne.
Polar français au cinéma (1961-2011)
Authors: Poirson-Dechonne Marion
Published: September 2011

Résumé Le cinéma policier français prend dès les années 1930 une dimension politique, que renforcera l’influence du film noir américain. Au cours des années 1960-1970, cet engagement se précise, devient militant. Que s’est-il passé des années 1980 à nos jours ? Cette tendance, encore présente dans le roman, persiste-t-elle au cinéma ?
Nos fantastiques années fric : une affaire d'État ?
Authors: Osganian Patricia , Perriaux Anne-Sophie , Flory Julienne
Published: September 2011

Résumé Longtemps enseignante en Histoire et syndicaliste, Dominique Manotti est aujourd’hui l’une des figures incontournables du néopolar français. Ses romans racontent, sur fond de luttes sociales, la corruption des gouvernements et les conséquences humaines désastreuses du capitalisme. Son dernier roman, L’Honorable Société , coécrit avec DOA, est paru chez Gallimard en 2011. Mouvements s’est tout particulièrement intéressé à Nos fantastiques années fric (Rivages, 2001), qui livre le récit des compromissions de masse du mitterrandisme : trafic d’armes, affaire des otages du Liban, scandale des écoutes téléphoniques, conversion de la gauche au pouvoir de l’argent. Adapté au cinéma par Éric Valette sous le titre Une affaire d’État (sorti en 2009), ce roman nous a donné l’occasion de revenir, avec l’auteur, puis le réalisateur auquel on doit récemment La Proie (avril 2011), sur les enjeux du passage du livre à l’écran.
Laura, saison II
Authors: Vix Élisa
Published: September 2011

Résumé Auteure de romans policiers, Élisa Vix a reçu le prix du meilleur polar francophone 2007 de Montigny-lès-Cormeilles pour Bad Dog (éditions Odin, 2006) où elle met en scène, pour la seconde fois, le lieutenant Sauvage, personnage gentiment incorrect, macho pathétique et policier hérétique, auquel elle n’a fait qu’une concession : son amour pour le cinéma. Bad Dog et La baba-yaga (Odin, 2005) sont adaptés pour la télévision dans la série Tango de France 2. Elle a conçu pour Mouvements , à l’occasion de ce numéro dédié au polar à l’écran, une nouvelle entièrement originale.
2011 : le printemps arabe ?
Authors: Amin Samir
Published: September 2011

Résumé L’année 2011 s’est ouverte par une série d’explosions fracassantes de colère des peuples arabes. Ce printemps arabe amorcera-t-il un second temps de « l’éveil du monde arabe » ? Ou bien ces révoltes vont-elles piétiner et finalement avorter – comme cela a été le cas du premier moment de cet éveil évoqué dans mon livre L’éveil du Sud . Dans la première hypothèse, les avancées du monde arabe s’inscriront nécessairement dans le mouvement de dépassement du capitalisme/impérialisme à l’échelle mondiale. L’échec maintiendrait le monde arabe dans son statut actuel de périphérie dominée, lui interdisant de s’ériger au rang d’acteur actif dans le façonnement du monde.
Où va le Forum social mondial ?
Authors: Beaudet Pierre
Published: September 2011

Résumé Réunis à Paris fin mai, les représentant-e-s des organisations membres du conseil international (CI) du Forum social mondial ont réfléchi sur l’avenir du FSM dans un nouveau contexte marqué par l’essor des mouvements populaires dans les pays arabes.
Fannish preferences
Authors: Editor TWC
Published: September 2011

Editorial for Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 7 (2011).
Knowledge and Misconceptions about Malaria among Pregnant Women in a Post-Conflict Internally Displaced Persons' Camps in Gulu District, Northern Uganda
Authors: Obol James , David Lagoro Kitara , Christopher Garimoi Orach
Published: September 2011

Background. In Uganda Malaria continues to be a major public health problem accounting for about 30–50% of all outpatient consultations and 35% of hospital admissions and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Pregnant women and their unborn children are vulnerable to malaria.Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 20 postconflict IDP camps of Gulu district selected randomly as clusters. 769 pregnant women were interviewed.Results. The majority of the respondents 85% have ever heard about malaria. Most (80%) 571 respondent attributed malaria to be transmitted by mosquito bites, 15 said cold weather, 53 said dirt, and 35 said not sleeping under net. Most (91%) 683 respondents mentioned that malaria was caused by mosquito, 28 mentioned cold food, 3 mentioned playing in the rain, 19 mentioned cold weather, and 6 mentioned eating mangos.Conclusion. Most pregnant women in the post conflict IDP camps have relatively high knowledge about malaria transmission, signs, symptoms, and consequences during pregnancy. However, majority of respondents had misconception about the cause of malaria while a few had misconception about the mode of malaria transmission.
Priming DNA Replication from Triple Helix Oligonucleotides: Possible Threestranded DNA in DNA Polymerases
Authors: Lestienne Patrick P.
Published: September 2011

Triplex associate with a duplex DNA presenting the same polypurine or polypyrimidine-rich sequence in an antiparallel orientation. So far, triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) are known to inhibit transcription, replication, and to induce mutations. A new property of TFO is reviewed here upon analysis of DNA breakpoint yielding DNA rearrangements; the synthesized sequence of the first direct repeat displays a skewed polypurine- rich sequence. This synthesized sequence can bind the second homologous duplex sequence through the formation of a triple helix, which is able to prime further DNA replication. In these case, the d(G)-rich Triple Helix Primers (THP) bind the homologous strand in a parallel manner, possibly via a RecA-like mechanism. This novel property is shared by all tested DNA polymerases: phage, retrovirus, bacteria, and human. These features may account for illegitimate initiation of replication upon single-strand breakage and annealing to a homologous sequence where priming may occur. Our experiments suggest that DNA polymerases can bind three instead of two polynucleotide strands in their catalytic centre.
Characterization of Virulence Factors ofStaphylococcus aureus: Novel Function of Known Virulence Factors That Are Implicated in Activation of Airway Epithelial Proinflammatory Response
Authors: Bien Justyna , Sokolova Olga , Bozko Przemyslaw
Published: September 2011

Airway epithelial cells play a major role in initiating inflammation in response to bacterial pathogens.S. aureusis an important pathogen associated with activation of diverse types of infection characterized by inflammation dominated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This bacterium frequently causes lung infection, which is attributed to virulence factors. Many of virulence determinants associated withS. aureus-mediated lung infection have been known for several years. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of known virulence factors implicated in pneumonia. We anticipate that better understanding of novel functions of known virulence factors could open the way to regulate inflammatory reactions of the epithelium and to develop effective strategies to treatS. aureus-induced airway diseases.
Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of Attenuated Plaques Detected by Intravascular Ultrasound in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Kubo Takashi , Matsuo Yoshiki , Ino Yasushi , Tanimoto Takashi , Ishibashi Kohei , Komukai Kenichi , Kitabata Hironori , Tanaka Atsushi , Kimura Keizo , Imanishi Toshio , Akasaka Takashi
Published: September 2011

Background. Recent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies have demonstrated that hypoechoic plaque with deep ultrasound attenuation despite absence of bright calcium is common in acute coronary syndrome. Such “attenuated plaque” may be an IVUS characteristic of unstable lesion.Methods. We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 104 patients with unstable angina to compare lesion characteristics between IVUS-detected attenuated plaque and nonattenuated plaque.Results. IVUS-detected attenuated plaque was observed in 41 (39%) patients. OCT-detected lipidic plaque (88% versus 49%, ), thin-cap fibroatheroma (48% versus 16%, ), plaque rupture (44% versus 11%, ), and intracoronary thrombus (54% versus 17%, ) were more often seen in IVUS-detected attenuated plaques compared with nonattenuated plaques.Conclusions. IVUS-detected attenuated plaque has many characteristics of unstable coronary lesion. The presence of attended plaque might be an important marker of lesion instability.
Physical Health and Cognitive Function Independently Contributed to Functional Disability among Chinese Older Adults: Data from Two Asian Metropolises
Authors: Feng Lei , Ng Tze-Pin , He Yanling , Li Chunbo , Kua Ee-Heok , Zhang Mingyuan
Published: September 2011

Objective. We aimed to examine the independent contributions of physical health and cognitive function to disability among Chinese older adults living in two Asian metropolises and explore the potential influences of environment.Design and Participants. Cross-sectional analysis based on data from two population-based studies: the Shanghai Survey of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia (n=4639) and the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (n=2397). Disability was defined as needing help in at least one activity of daily living.Results. The prevalence of functional disability was higher in Shanghai sample (5%) than that in Singapore sample (1.8%). Number of chronic diseases, self-rated health status, cognitive function (measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination), and environment (Singapore versus Shanghai) significantly contributed to functional disability independent of each other. The adjusted Odds Ratio was 1.35 (95%CI 1.22–1.50), 2.85 (95% CI 2.36–3.43), 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.94), and 0.68 (95% CI 0.48–0.96), respectively. The strength of associations between health variables and disability appeared to be influenced by environment.Conclusion. Physical health and cognitive function independently contributed to functional disability. The associations are modulated by environmental factors.
Denosumab for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women at Increased Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Bogado Cesar E.
Published: September 2011

Denosumab is the first fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the formation, function and survival of osteoclasts by blocking the interaction of RANKL with its osteoclastic receptor RANK. Clinical studies have shown that the decreased bone resorption and increased bone mineral density resulting from the use of denosumab 60 mg twice yearly entail significant risk reduction of vertebral, hip and non-vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, with an acceptable rate of side effects so far. Denosumab offers a new choice for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in patients at high risk for fractures.
Infiltration-soil moisture redistribution under natural conditions: experimental evidence as a guideline for realizing simulation models
Authors: Morbidelli R. , Corradini C. , Saltalippi C. , Flammini A. , Rossi E.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. The evolution in time, t, of the experimental soil moisture vertical profile under natural conditions is investigated in order to address the corresponding simulation modelling. The measurements were conducted in a plot with a bare silty loam soil. The soil water content, θ, was continuously monitored at different depths, z, using a Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) system. Four buriable three-rod waveguides were inserted horizontally at different depths (5, 15, 25 and 35 cm). In addition, we used sensors of air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, evaporation and rain as supports for the application of selected simulation models, as well as for the detection of elements leading to their improvement. The results indicate that, under natural conditions, very different trends of the θ(z, t) function can be observed in the given fine-textured soil, where the formation of a sealing layer over the parent soil requires an adjustment of the simulation modelling commonly used for hydrological applications. In particular, because of the considerable variations in the shape of the moisture content vertical profile as a function of time, a generalization of the existing models should incorporate a first approximation of the variability in time of the saturated hydraulic conductivity, K1s, of the uppermost soil. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the observed shape of θ(z, t) can be appropriately reproduced by adopting the proposed approach with K1s kept constant during each rainfall event but considered variable from event to event, however the observed rainfall rate and the occurrence of freeze-thaw cycles with high soil moisture contents have to be explicitly incorporated in a functional form for K1s(t).
A coastal storms intensity scale for the Catalan sea (NW Mediterranean)
Authors: Mendoza E. T. , Jimenez J. A. , Mateo J.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. A 5-class intensity scale for wave storms in the Catalan coast is presented. This has been done by analysing a storm data set which comprises 5 buoys during the period 1988/2008. The obtained classification improves the former proposal of Mendoza and Jiménez (2008) by better resolving spatial and temporal variability in wave storms in the area. The obtained classification reflects the increase in wave storm properties as the storm category increases. Because the selected classification parameter was the energy content which implicitly contains Hs and storm duration, this variable was used to define class limits; class I storms (24–250 m2 h), class II storms (251–500 m2 h), class III (501–700 m2 h), class IV storms (701–1200 m2 h) and class V storms (>1200 m2 h). The energy content variable was also used as proxy for induced hazards; the observed increase in energy content for higher classes reflected a significant increase in the intensity of the potential hazards. Lastly, the dominant synoptic situation for wave storms along the Catalan coast was the presence of a Mediterranean cyclone although a direct correspondence on cyclone's intensity over the western Mediterranean with wave energy content was not found.
Methodologic Approaches to Histologically Distinguishing Vaccine versus Nonvaccine-Associated Sarcomas Using Validated Time and Location Vaccination Histories in Cats
Authors: Srivastav Anup , Kass Philip H. , McGill Lawrence D. , Kent Michael S. , Farver Thomas B.
Published: September 2011

Epidemiologic studies of feline vaccine-associated sarcoma (FVAS) require accurate sarcoma case definitions free from unverified assumptions for valid causal inference. This study developed methodologic approaches to improve reliable differentiation of vaccine versus nonvaccine-associated sarcomas on histologic characteristics using time windows of vaccine histories and body geographic information. Four case and five control definitions were used to classify 124 sarcomas. Results showed presence in the subcutis versus dermis, increased nuclear pleomorphism, more granulation tissue, and higher presence of inflammation in FVAS than presumptive non-FVAS. Correctly classifying sarcomas using stringent classification criteria as employed in this study will help reduce misclassification of FVAS in future epidemiologic studies of comparative risk.
A Novel Antireflux Technique for Orthotopic Ileal Bladder Substitutes—Flat-Segment Technique: Preliminary Results
Authors: ElFayoumy Hany , Abou-Elela Ashraf , Orban Tamer , Emran Ashraf , Elghoneimy Mohamed , Morsy Ahmed
Published: September 2011

Objective. Although a large debate exists regarding the need for reflux prevention in ileal orthotopic neobladders, it is our policy to continue performing nonrefluxing ureteroileal anastomoses for our patients. An ideal uretero-ileal anastomosis must be simple, nonrefluxing, as well as non-obstructive. Here, we present a new antireflux mechanism for orthotopic ileal neobladders. Methods. 12 radical cystectomy patients for muscle invasive bladder cancer were candidates for orthotopic urinary diversion and underwent a non-refluxing uretero-ileal anastomosis using the flat-segment technique with a follow up of 6 to 18 months. Results. Preliminary results after the short-term followup showed that the success rate in reflux prevention was 92% and no cases of obstruction. The upper tracts were preserved or improved in all 12 patients. Operative time for neobladder creation ranged between 120–240 minutes, with a mean of 165 minutes (±36 minutes). No diversion-related complications. Conclusions. Based on our early data, we believe that the flat-segment uretero-ileal anastomosis technique for reflux prevention in orthotopic ileal bladder substitutes is simple, easy to learn and carries no additional morbidity to a standard refluxing uretero-ileal anastomosis, but has the advantage of effective reflux prevention. A longer follow-up period study with more patient numbers is ongoing.
Current and future needs for developmental toxicity testing
Authors: Makris Susan L. , Kim James H. , Ellis Amy , Faber Willem , Harrouk Wafa , Lewis Joseph M. , Paule Merle G. , Seed Jennifer , Tassinari Melissa , Tyl Rochelle
Published: September 2011

A review is presented of the use of developmental toxicity testing in the United States and international regulatory assessment of human health risks associated with exposures to pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary), chemicals (agricultural, industrial, and environmental), food additives, cosmetics, and consumer products. Developmental toxicology data are used for prioritization and screening of pharmaceuticals and chemicals, for evaluating and labeling of pharmaceuticals, and for characterizing hazards and risk of exposures to industrial and environmental chemicals. The in vivo study designs utilized in hazard characterization and dose‐response assessment for developmental outcomes have not changed substantially over the past 30 years and have served the process well. Now there are opportunities to incorporate new technologies and approaches to testing into the existing assessment paradigm, or to apply innovative approaches to various aspects of risk assessment. Developmental toxicology testing can be enhanced by the refinement or replacement of traditional in vivo protocols, including through the use of in vitro assays, studies conducted in alternative nonmammalian species, the application of new technologies, and the use of in silico models. Potential benefits to the current regulatory process include the ability to screen large numbers of chemicals quickly, with the commitment of fewer resources than traditional toxicology studies, and to refine the risk assessment process through an enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of developmental toxicity and their relevance to potential human risk. As the testing paradigm evolves, the ability to use developmental toxicology data to meet diverse critical regulatory needs must be retained. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:384–394, 2011.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of in utero exposure to Bisphenol A or diethylstilbestrol on the adult male reproductive system
Authors: LaRocca Jessica , Boyajian Alanna , Brown Caitlin , Smith Stuart Duncan , Hixon Mary
Published: September 2011

The objective of this study was to determine whether in utero exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) induced reproductive tract abnormalities in the adult male testis. Using the C57/Bl6 mouse, we examined sex‐organ weights, anogenital distance, and testis histopathology in adult males exposed in utero via oral gavage to sesame oil, 50 µg/kg BPA, 1000 µg/kg BPA, or 2 µg/kg diethylstilbestrol (DES) as a positive control from gestational days 10 to 16. No changes in sperm production or germ cell apoptosis were observed in adult testes after exposure to either chemical. Adult mRNA levels of genes associated with sexual maturation and differentiation, GATA4 and ID2, were significantly lower only in DES‐exposed testes. In summary, the data indicate no gross alterations in spermatogenesis after in utero exposure to BPA or DES. At the molecular level, in utero exposure to DES, but not BPA, leads to decreased mRNA expression of genes associated with Sertoli cell differentiation. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:526–533, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Waste Air Treatment to Resource Efficiency
Authors: Thißen Nikolaus , Loock Jan van
Published: September 2011

Eine Anlage zur Reinigung der Abluft eines chemischen Produktionsprozesses verursacht hohe Kosten durch technische Probleme während des Betriebs. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Vorgehensweise, wie durch systematische Analyse und Verbesserung eine Strategie erarbeitet wird, die den Betrieb der Anlage zur Abluftreinigung erübrigt. Als positiver Effekt auf die Ressourceneffizienz wird der Schadstoff halogenierter Kohlenwasserstoff im betrachteten Kreislauf vollständig als Wertstoff in den Produktionsprozess zurückgeführt sowie der Verbrauch an Betriebsmitteln und damit deren Kosten drastisch reduziert; der Prozess wird an dieser Stelle emissionsfrei.
Investigating the use of an adjustment task to set preferred colour of ambient illumination
Authors: Logadóttir Ásta , Fotios Steve A. , Christoffersen Jens , Hansen Soren S. , Corell Dennis D. , Dam‐Hansen Carsten
Published: September 2011

An experiment was carried out to examine the method of adjustment when determining user preferences for the colour appearance of ambient lighting. A booth was lit using luminaires containing an array of white and coloured light emitting diodes (LEDs), allowing continuous variation of correlated colour temperature (CCT) between 2736 and 4014 K. It was predicted that the preferred CCT would be influenced by the available stimulus range, the anchor (initial setting before adjustment), adaptation time before onset of adjustment action and type of control dial. Preference was estimated for three different CCT stimulus ranges within the available range. All three ranges led to significantly different results for preferred CCT: 3288, 3490 and 3671 K. The experimental results confirmed that stimulus range, anchor and adaptation time have significant effect on the preferred CCT determined using the adjustment task, and thus, the importance of considering and reporting this information in studies that employ the method of adjustment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013
Decorating the Second Coordination Sphere in Pyrazolate‐Based Dinickel(II) Complexes with H‐Bond Donors (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 27/2011)
Authors: Graef Tine , Galezowska Joanna , Dechert Sebastian , Meyer Franc
Published: September 2011

The cover picture shows (i) a Helicobacter pylori that produces large amounts of the enzyme urease to survive in the acidic human stomach, (ii) the urease active site, and (iii) a bioinspired bimetallic complex that features second‐shell hydrogen bonding akin to the situation in the metalloenzyme. The article by F. Meyer et al. on p. 4161 ff reports the synthesis of an elaborate new ligand scaffold that is decorated with peripheral groups for H‐bonding interactions and its speciation with nickel(II) in solution. The crystallographic structure of a dinickel(II) complex reveals a bridging HO···H···OH unit in the bimetallic cavity, which is involved in an extensive network of hydrogen bonds. Such systems might become useful for studying effects of the secondary coordination sphere in biomimetic substrate transformations.
Three‐Component Domino Knoevenagel/Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reaction for the Synthesis of the Amino Sugars 2‐Acetoxyforosamine and 2‐Acetoxyossamine – Experimental and Theoretical Results
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Dietz Simone , Böhnke Niels , Düfert M. Alexander , Objartel Ina , Stalke Dietmar
Published: September 2011

The three‐component domino Knoevenagel/hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction of nitroacetone (6), formaldehyde and ethoxyvinylacetate (4) leads to dihydropyrans 10 and 11, which after hydrogenation of the double bond as well as consecutive reduction of the nitro group and reductive amination give the desired forosamine‐type 2‐acetoxyamino sugars 21–24 and ossamine‐type 25.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number and hnRNP A2/B1 protein: Biomarkers for direct exposure of benzene
Authors: Eom Ha-Young , Kim Hye-Ran , Kim Hwan-Young , Han Dong-Kyun , Baek Hee-Jo , Lee Jae-Hyuk , Moon Jai Dong , Shin Jong-Hee , Suh Soon-Pal , Ryang Dong-Wook , Kook Hoon , Shin Myung-Geun
Published: September 2011

The present study was performed to identify biomarkers for exposure of benzene in blood cells and hematopoietic tissues. Peripheral mononuclear cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and leukemia cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 media with the addition of 0, 1, and 10 mM of benzene. Hydrogen peroxide was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were measured using MitoTracker Green/Red probes, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology were performed to identify protein markers. The mitochondrial contents and membrane potentials were dramatically increased after three weeks of direct benzene exposure. The hydrogen peroxide level increased significantly after two weeks of treatment with benzene (4.4 ± 1.9 µM/mg protein) compared to the non-benzene treatment group (1.2 ± 1.0; p = 0.001). The mtDNA copy number gradually increased after exposure to benzene. Numerous protein markers showed significant aberrant expression after exposure to benzene. Among them, the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 was markedly decreased after exposure to benzene. Thus, increased mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, and the hnRNP A2/B1 protein were biomarkers for benzene-related toxicity and hematotoxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2762–2770. © 2011 SETAC
Multilocus association testing with penalized regression
Authors: Basu Saonli , Pan Wei , Shen Xiaotong , Oetting William S.
Published: September 2011

In multilocus association analysis, since some markers may not be associated with a trait, it seems attractive to use penalized regression with the capability of automatic variable selection. On the other hand, in spite of a rapidly growing body of literature on penalized regression, most focus on variable selection and outcome prediction, for which penalized methods are generally more effective than their nonpenalized counterparts. However, for statistical inference, i.e. hypothesis testing and interval estimation, it is less clear how penalized methods would perform, or even how to best apply them, largely due to lack of studies on this topic. In our motivating data for a cohort of kidney transplant recipients, it is of primary interest to assess whether a group of genetic variants are associated with a binary clinical outcome, acute rejection at 6 months. In this article, we study some technical issues and alternative implementations of hypothesis testing in Lasso penalized logistic regression, and compare their performance with each other and with several existing global tests, some of which are specifically designed as variance component tests for high‐dimensional data. The most interesting, and perhaps surprising, conclusion of this study is that, for low to moderately high‐dimensional data, statistical tests based on Lasso penalized regression are not necessarily more powerful than some existing global tests. In addition, in penalized regression, rather than building a test based on a single selected “best” model, combining multiple tests, each of which is built on a candidate model, might be more promising. Genet. Epidemiol. 2011.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 35:755‐765, 2011
Defining the power limits of genome‐wide association scan meta‐analyses
Authors: Chapman Kay , Ferreira Teresa , Morris Andrew , Asimit Jennifer , Zeggini Eleftheria
Published: September 2011

Large‐scale meta‐analyses of genome‐wide association scans (GWAS) have been successful in discovering common risk variants with modest and small effects. The detection of lower frequency signals will undoubtedly require concerted efforts of at least similar scale. We investigate the sample size‐dictated power limits of GWAS meta‐analyses, in the presence and absence of modest levels of heterogeneity and across a range of different allelic architectures. We find that data combination through large‐scale collaboration is vital in the quest for complex trait susceptibility loci, but that effect size heterogeneity across meta‐analyzed studies drawn from similar populations does not appear to have a profound effect on sample size requirements. Genet. Epidemiol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 35:781‐789, 2011
Studies on pyrazine derivatives LII: Antibacterial and antifungal activity of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds obtained by pyrazinamidrazone usage
Authors: Foks Henryk , Balewski Lukasz , Gobis Katarzyna , Dabrowska‐Szponar Maria , Wisniewska Katarzyna
Published: September 2011

Using reactivity of pyrazinamidrazones and their N′‐substituted derivatives 1–8 in reaction with sulfonyl chlorides sulfone derivatives 9–17 were obtained, with orthoformate cyclized to sulfonyl compounds 18–20. Amidrazones in reaction with pyraziniminoesters gave dihydrazidines 21–23, which cyclized to 3,5‐dipyrazine derivatives of 1,2,4‐triazole 24–26. 1‐Methyl‐ or 1‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazine‐1,2,4‐triazole 27–38 was formed in reaction of amidrazones 1–8 with orthoformate and orthoacetate or benzoyl chloride. N′‐Phenylamidrazones 3, 8 in reaction with thionyl chloride were transformed to 1,2,3,5‐thiatriazole S‐oxides 39, 40. Obtained compounds exhibited low antibacterial activity. Antifungal activity was affirmed for compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 37, 39, and 40, for which minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was in the concentration range of 16–128 μg/mL. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:49–58, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20751
Inclusion Complexes of Coenzyme Q10 with Polyamine‐Modified β‐Cyclodextrins: Characterization, Solubilization, and Inclusion Mode
Authors: Gu Juan , Chi Shao‐Ming , Zhao Yong , Zheng Ping , Ruan Qiong , Zhao Yan , Zhu Hong‐You
Published: September 2011

The inclusion‐complexation behavior of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) with the three polyamine‐modified β‐cyclodextrins (CDs) 1–3 was investigated in both solution and the solid state by means of NMR, XRD, and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The results showed that the apparent solubility of CoQ10 increased linearly upon addition of hosts 1–3, giving AL‐type phase‐solubility curves. These hosts 1–3 were able to solubilize CoQ10 to high levels, up to 1.35, 1.52, and 1.44 mg/ml (calculated as CoQ10), respectively. The host 2 with a moderate‐length chain is the most suitable for inclusion complexation of CoQ10. Accroding to the ROESY experiments, the MeO groups of CoQ10 and the tether of 2 can be co‐included into the cavity of β‐CD through the induced‐fit interaction between host and guest. The binding ability of modified β‐CDs 1–3 upon complexation with CoQ10 are discussed from the viewpoints of the size/shape‐matching relationship and the induced‐fit concept between host CDs and guest CoQ10 molecule.
Ions Can Move a Proton‐Coupled Electron‐Transfer Reaction into Tunneling Regime
Authors: Brala Cvijeta Jakobušić , Pilepić Viktor , Sajenko Ivana , Karković Ana , Uršić Stanko
Published: September 2011

The effects of charged species on proton‐coupled electron‐transfer (PCET) reaction should be of significance for understanding/application of important chemical and biological PCET systems. Such species can be found in proximity of activated complex in a PCET reaction, although they are not involved in the charge transfer process. Reported here is the first study of the above‐mentioned effects. Here, the effects of Na+, K+, Li+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Me4N+ observed in PCET reaction of ascorbate monoanions with hexacyanoferrate(III) ions in H2O reveal that, in presence of ions, this over‐the‐barrier reaction entered into tunneling regime. The observations are: a) dependence of the rate constant on the cation concentration, where the rate constant is 71 (at I = 0.0023), and 821 (at 0.5M K+), 847 (at 1.0M Na+), and 438 M−1 s−1 (at 0.011M Ca2+); b) changes of kinetic isotope effect (KIE) in the presence of ions, where kH/kD=4.6 (at I = 0.0023), and 3.4 (in the presence of 0.5M K+), 3.3 (at 1.0M Na+), 3.9 (at 0.001M Ca2+), and 3.9 (at 0.001M Mg2+), respectively; c) the isotope effects on Arrhenius pre‐factor where AH/AD=0.97 (0.15) in absence of ions, and 2.29 (0.60) (at 0.5M Na+), 1.77 (0.29) (at 1.0M Na+), 1.61 (0.25) (at 0.5M K+), 0.42 (0.16) (at 0.001M Ca2+) and 0.16 (0.19) (at 0.001M Mg2+); d) isotope differences in the enthalpies of activation in H2O and in D2O, where ΔΔH‡(D,H)=3.9 (0.4) kJ mol−1 in the absence of cations, 1.3 (0.6) at 0.5M Na+, 1.8 (0.4) at 0.5M K+, 1.5 (0.4) at 1.0M Na+, 5.5 (0.9) (at 0.001M Ca2+), and 7.9 (2.8) (at 0.001M Mg2+) kJ mol−1; e) nonlinear proton inventory in reaction. In the H2O/dioxane 1 : 1, the observed KIE is 7.8 and 4.4 in the absence and in the presence of 0.1M K+, respectively, and AH/AD=0.14 (0.03). The changes when cations are present in the reaction are explained in terms of termolecular encounter complex consisting of redox partners, and the cation where the cation can be found in a near proximity of the reaction‐activated complex thus influencing the proton/electron double tunneling event in the PCET process. A molecule of H2O is involved in the transition state. The resulting ‘configuration’ is more ‘rigid’ and more appropriate for efficient tunneling with Na+ or K+ (extensive tunneling observed), i.e., there is more precise organized H transfer coordinate than in the case of Ca2+ and Mg2+ (moderate tunneling observed) in the reaction.
Three New Neolignans and One New Phenylpropanoid from the Leaves and Stems of Toona ciliata var. pubescens
Authors: Liu Yu‐Bo , Qin Jiang‐Jiang , Cheng Xiang‐Rong , Zhu Jia‐Xian , Zhang Fei , Jin Hui‐Zi , Zhang Wei‐Dong
Published: September 2011

Three new neolignans, (7S,8S,7′E)‐4,9‐dihydroxy‐3,7,3′,9′‐tetramethoxy‐8,4′‐oxyneolign‐7′‐ene (1), (7R,8S,7′E)‐4, 9‐dihydroxy‐3,7,3′,9′‐tetramethoxy‐8,4′‐oxyneolign‐7′‐ene (2), (7S,8S,7′E)‐5, 9‐dihydroxy‐3,7,3′,5′,9′‐pentamethoxy‐8,4′‐oxyneolign‐7′‐ene (3), and one new phenylpropanoid, threo‐5‐hydroxy‐3,7‐dimethoxyphenylpropane‐8,9‐diol (4), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Toona ciliata var. pubescens. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D‐NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and CD data. The antiproliferative activities of these compounds against four tumor cell lines (A549, Colo 205, QGY‐7703, and LOVO) were also evaluated by MTT (=(3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) method.
Stepwise Mechanism of Hydroxide Ion Catalyzed Cyclization of Uridine 3′‐Thiophosphates
Authors: Ora Mikko , Hanski Anne
Published: September 2011

Diastereoisomeric isopropyl‐, 2‐ethoxyethyl‐, 2,2‐dichloroethyl‐ and 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl uridine 3′‐thiomonophosphates, 1a–1d, respectively, have been synthesized, and their hydrolyses in aqueous alkali at 25° have been followed by HPLC. According to the time‐dependent product distributions obtained, the alkyl phosphorothioates 1a–1d undergo cleavage to uridine 2′‐ and 3′‐thiophosphates, 7a and 7b, respectively, via a uridine 2′,3′‐cyclic thiophosphate (6). The rate of the hydroxide ion‐catalyzed cyclization of both (RP)‐ and (SP)‐diastereoisomer is highly dependent on the polar nature of the leaving group, the βlg values being −1.23±0.03 and −1.24±0.03, respectively. Brønsted dependence of the second‐order rate constants (kOH [dm3 mol−1 s−1]) on the pKa values of the leaving alcohols shows a convex breakpoint on going from alkyl esters 1a–1d to aryl esters studied earlier. This may be considered as a strong evidence for a stepwise mechanism, where the formation and breakdown of the phosphorane intermediate is the rate‐limiting step with aryl and alkyl esters, respectively.
Three New Peroxy Triterpene Lactones from Pseudolarix kaempferi
Authors: Tan Jun‐Ming , Qiu Yi‐Hua , Tan Xin‐Qi , Tan Chang‐Heng
Published: September 2011

Three new 3(4),9(10)‐disecocycloartane peroxy triterpene lactones, named as pseudolarolides Q2, T1, and T2 (1–3, resp.), along with five known triterpenoids, were isolated from the seeds of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord. Their structures were elucidated to be (9R,10R,16R,23R,25R)‐16,23‐epoxy‐9,10‐epidioxy‐3,4:9,10‐disecocycloart‐1(2)‐ene‐3,4:26,23‐diolide (1), (1R,9R,10S,16R,23S,25R)‐1,4:16,23‐diepoxy‐9,10‐epidioxy‐3,4;9,10‐disecocycloartan‐26(23)‐olid‐3‐oic acid methyl ester (2), and (1R,9R,10S,16R,23R,25R)‐1,4:16,23‐diepoxy‐9,10‐epidioxy‐3,4;9,10‐disecocycloartan‐26(23)‐olid‐3‐oic acid methyl ester (3) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
Detection of familial adenomatous polyposis with orthogonal polarized spectroscopy of the oral mucosa vasculature
Authors: Basiri Ali , Edelstein Daniel L. , Graham Jenna , Nabili Afshin , Giardiello Francis M. , Ramella‐Roman Jessica C.
Published: September 2011

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of multiple colonic polyps at younger age with a near 100% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. The determination of FAP is made after extensive clinical evaluation and genetic testing of at risk individuals. We investigated a novel spectro‐polarimetric imaging system capable of capturing high‐resolution images of the oral mucosa at different wavelengths in an attempt to distinguish patients with FAP from controls. Results of a clinical trial show that the system is capable of separating FAP positive individuals from controls by measuring the individuals' oral vascular density and complexity. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Charge‐transfer processes in the assembly of SinOm neutral clusters
Authors: Jadraque Maria , Martin Margarita
Published: September 2011

The chemical bond formation in oxygen‐rich SinOm clusters was investigated by sampling the potential energy surface of the model systems SiO + SiO2 → Si2O3 and (SiO)2 + SiO2 → Si3O4 along a two‐dimensional reaction coordinate, by density functional theory calculations. Evidence for crossing between the weakly bound neutral–neutral (SiO)n + SiO2 and the highly attractive ion‐pair (SiO) + SiO surfaces was found. Analysis of frontier molecular orbitals and charge distribution showed that surface crossing involves transfer of valence electron charge from (SiO)2 to SiO2. The sum of the natural atomic charges over the (SiO)n and (SiO2) groups of the SinOm cluster products, gave a net positive charge on the (SiO)n “core” and a net negative charge on the (SiO2) groups. This is interpreted as the “ion‐pair memory” left on the SinOm products by the charge‐transfer mechanism and may provide a way to assess the role of charge‐transfer processes in the assembly of larger SinOm neutral clusters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Reference interval and determinants of the serum homocysteine level in a Korean population
Authors: Moon Hee‐Won , Whang Dong Hee , Ko Young Jin , Joo Shin Young , Yun Yeo‐Min , Hur Mina , Kim Jin Q
Published: September 2011

In this study, we estimated the reference intervals of the serum homocysteine (Hcy) level using two automated immunoassays, and we demonstrated the effects of various factors on the Hcy level in a Korean population. We calculated the gender‐ and assay‐specific reference intervals using the data from 809 healthy Koreans, and we assessed the effects of physiologic and lifestyle factors on the Hcy level. The upper limit was higher in males (19.21 and 19.76 μmol/l) than that in females (14.99 μmol/l and 15.16 μmol/l, AxSym and ADVIA centaur, respectively); the upper limits were comparable between the two assays. Smokers, vitamin nonusers, and persons without regular exercise showed a lower folate level and a higher Hcy level. The risk of hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly associated with the male gender (adjusted OR: 5.705, P‐value: 0.008) and with the low folate level group (adjusted OR: 10.412, P‐value: 0.002) on the multivariate analysis. The Hcy level was significantly different according to various factors, especially in the gender and folate level. The reference interval should be determined for each ethnic population and for each assay. The appropriate cutoff for assessing the risk for cardiovascular disease or stroke should also be validated in each population. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:317–323, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urinary biomarkers for secondhand smoke
Authors: Ino Toshihiro , Ohtani Tetsuya , Yoshimi Itsuro
Published: September 2011

The use of a biomarker is mandatory for quantitative analysis of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). This article summarizes urinary biomarkers of smoke exposure which can be now quantified. The most reliable urinary biomarkers to assess the exposure to SHS are NNAL 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol and NNAL‐Glucuronides, which is metabolites of tobacco‐specific nitrosamine. These substances were detected even in 50% of children who had undetectable level of cotinine (<0.5 ng/ml). Urinary cotinine, which is determined by a highly sensitive competing enzyme immunoassay, is also a useful biomarker. However, individual variability of CYP2A6 allele,in which nicotine is catalyzed to cotinine, affects the level of urinary cotinine. Approximately 20% of Japanese subjects have homozygotes or heterozygotes of the CYP2A6*4 allele, which has impaired nicotine metabolism and subsequently may underestimate the actual exposure to SHS. In assessing the exposure to SHS, therefore, individual variability of CYP2A6 gene polymorphism should be taken into consideration. The combination of urinary cotinine measurement and self‐report of parents' smoking seems to be accurate to assess the exposure to SHS in mass screening. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:354–358, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.