bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Supporting Boundary Conditions on the Generation Characteristics of the Piezoelectric Cylindrical Shell Wind Energy Harvesting Flag
Authors: Oda Chisuzu , Nishigaki Tsutomu
Published: October 2021

In the authors’ previous report, a new piezoelectric cylindrical shell wind power generation flag had been proposed as a flexible and durable power generation structure that utilizes vortex excitation vibrations. Preliminary experiments showed that it was expected to generate more than 10 times more power than the conventional planar-shaped wind power generation flag. In the present flag, the cylindrical Bluff Body, which excites vortices, also plays the role of a vibrating structure, and the wind speed region where these vibrations are excited is greatly affected by the boundary conditions corresponded to the different supporting methods. However, the authors have previously reported on the relationship between vibration and wind speed during power generation with the cylindrical shell which was assumed to be freely supported. In this study, the relationship between the wind speed range, the excited vibration mode, and the amount of power generated by the different boundary conditions are investigated experimentally. It was implied from the experimental results that superior supporting condition of the present cylindrical shell energy harvester for wind power generation characteristics will depend on the radius of the cylinder. Further study will be needed to establish the design method of the proposed wind energy harvesting method.
Wildlife Symbiotic Bacteria Are Indicators of the Health Status of the Host and Its Ecosystem
Authors: Bravo Maria , Combes Theo , Martinez Fernando O. , Risco David , Gonçalves Pilar , Garcia-Jimenez Waldo L. , Cerrato Rosario , Fernandez-Llario Pedro , Gutierrez-Merino Jorge
Published: October 2021

The wildlife symbiotic microbiota is an important component for the greater diversity and functionality of their bacterial populations, influencing host health and adaptability to its ecosystem. Although many microbes are partly responsible for the development of multiple physiological processes, only certain bacterial groups, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), have the capacity to overpopulate the gut, promoting health (or disease) when specific genetic and environmental conditions are present.
The K18-Human ACE2 Transgenic Mouse Model Recapitulates Non-severe and Severe COVID-19 in Response to an Infectious Dose of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Dong Wenjuan , Mead Heather , Tian Lei , Park Jun-Gyu , Garcia Juan I. , Jaramillo Sierra , Barr Tasha , Kollath Daniel S. , Coyne Vanessa K. , Stone Nathan E. , Jones Ashley , Zhang Jianying , Li Aimin , Wang Li-Shu , Milanes-Yearsley Martha , Torrelles Jordi B. , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Keim Paul S. , Barker Bridget Marie , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua
Published: October 2021

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached nearly 240 million cases, caused nearly 5 million deaths worldwide as of October 2021, and has raised an urgent need for the development of novel drugs and therapeutics to prevent the spread and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To achieve this goal, an animal model that recapitulates the features of human COVID-19 disease progress and pathogenesis is greatly needed.
Functional Effects of Cardiomyocyte Injury in COVID-19
Authors: Siddiq Mustafa M. , Chan Angel T. , Miorin Lisa , Yadaw Arjun S. , Beaumont Kristin G. , Kehrer Thomas , Cupic Anastasija , White Kris M. , Tolentino Rosa E. , Hu Bin , Stern Alan D. , Tavassoly Iman , Hansen Jens , Sebra Robert , Martinez Pedro , Prabha Som , Dubois Nicole , Schaniel Christoph , Iyengar-Kapuganti Rupa , Kukar Nina , Giustino Gennaro , Sud Karan , Nirenberg Sharon , Kovatch Patricia , Albrecht Randy A. , Goldfarb Joseph , Croft Lori , McLaughlin Maryann A. , Argulian Edgar , Lerakis Stamatios , Narula Jagat , García-Sastre Adolfo , Iyengar Ravi
Published: October 2021

SARS-CoV-2 infects multiple organs, including the heart. Analyses of hospitalized patients show that a substantial number without prior indication of heart disease or comorbidities show significant injury to heart tissue, assessed by increased levels of troponin in blood.
Functional Genomic Analyses Reveal an Open Pan-genome for the Chloroviruses and a Potential for Genetic Innovation in New Isolates
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo A. L. , Queiroz Victória F. , Ghosh Jayadri , Dunigan David D. , Van Etten James L.
Published: October 2021

Chloroviruses are large dsDNA viruses that infect unicellular green algae distributed worldwide in freshwater environments. They comprise a genetically diverse group of viruses; however, a comprehensive investigation of the genomic evolution of these viruses is still missing.
Investigation of the Crosstalk between GRP78/PERK/ATF-4 Signaling Pathway and Renal Apoptosis Induced by Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection
Authors: Chen Wei , Huang Cheng , Shi Yan , Li Ning , Wang Enqi , Hu Ruiming , Li Guyue , Yang Fan , Zhuang Yu , Liu Ping , Hu Guoliang , Gao Xiaona , Guo Xiaoquan
Published: October 2021

Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) induced renal endoplasmic reticulum stress in chickens. NIBV infection induced kidney apoptosis in chickens. GRP78/PERK/ATF-4 signaling pathway is potentially related to renal apoptosis induced by NIBV.
Polychromatic polarization: Boosting the capabilities of the good old petrographic microscope
Authors: Cesare Bernardo , Campomenosi Nicola , Shribak Michael
Published: October 2021

Polychromatic polarizing microscopy (PPM) is a new optical technique that allows for the inspection of materials with low birefringence, which produces retardance between 1 nm and 300 nm. In this region, where minerals display interference colors in the near-black to gray scale and where observations by conventional microscopy are limited or hampered, PPM produces a full spectrum color palette in which the hue depends on orientation of the slow axis. We applied PPM to ordinary 30 µm rock thin sections, with particular interest in the subtle birefringence of garnet due both to non-isotropic growth or to strain induced by external stresses or inclusions. The PPM produces striking, colorful images that highlight various types of microstructures that are virtually undetectable by conventional polarizing microscopy. PPM opens new avenues for microstructural analysis of geological materials. The direct detection and imaging of microstructures will provide a fast, non-destructive, and inexpensive alternative (or complement) to time-consuming and more costly scanning electron microscope–based analyses such as electron backscatter diffraction. This powerful imaging method provides a quick and better texturally constrained basis for locating targets for cutting-edge applications such as focused ion beam-transmission electron microscopy or atom probe tomography.
Supplemental Material: The spatial association of accessory minerals with biotite in granitic rocks from the South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia
Authors: Clarke D. Barrie , al. et
Published: October 2021

Compilation of available experimental petrological data on the solubility of accessory minerals in granitic melts.
Artificial intelligence as a diagnostic aid in cross-sectional radiological imaging of the abdominopelvic cavity: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Fowler George E , Macefield Rhiannon C , Hardacre Conor , Callaway Mark P , Smart Neil J , Blencowe Natalie S
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies as a diagnostic aid in healthcare is increasing. Benefits include applications to improve health systems, such as rapid and accurate interpretation of medical images. This may improve the performance of diagnostic, prognostic and management decisions. While a large amount of work has been undertaken discussing the role of AI little is understood regarding the performance of such applications in the clinical setting. This systematic review aims to critically appraise the diagnostic performance of AI algorithms to identify disease from cross-sectional radiological images of the abdominopelvic cavity, to identify current limitations and inform future research.

Methods and analysis

A systematic search will be conducted on Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify relevant studies. Primary studies where AI-based technologies have been used as a diagnostic aid in cross-sectional radiological images of the abdominopelvic cavity will be included. Diagnostic accuracy of AI models, including reported sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve will be examined and compared with standard practice. Risk of bias of included studies will be assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Findings will be reported according to the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is required as primary data will not be collected. The results will inform further research studies in this field. Findings will be disseminated at relevant conferences, on social media and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021237249.
Introduction of an enhanced recovery programme for total shoulder arthroplasty: report of a novel pathway
Authors: Morgan Marie L , Davies-Jones Gareth R , Ibrahim Edward F , Booker Simon J , Bateman Marcus , Tambe Amol A , Clark David I
Published: October 2021

Background

Enhanced recovery (ER) programmes are well established in hip and knee arthroplasty, but are not yet commonplace for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). This study analyses the effect of implementing an ER programme with TSA, on length of stay (LOS), functional outcome and patient satisfaction.

Local problem

No established programme applying ER to the specifics of upper-limb arthroplasty existed at our unit.

Methods

A three-cycle plan–do–study–act quality improvement methodology was applied, involving development of our multifactorial programme, a pilot phase and wider roll-out. A consecutive series of patients who underwent TSA and were enrolled in an ER programme were compared with a matched control group of consecutive patients who underwent TSA in the year before the programme started. For all patients, LOS as well as mean Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and Constant Score (CS) were quantified and patient satisfaction assessed.

Interventions

A dedicated multidisciplinary team led preoperative class involving patient education, advice and occupational therapy assessment. A standardised perioperative anaesthetic regime based on regional anaesthetic techniques with preoperative analgesic and nutritional loading was introduced. Postoperative rehabilitation was also standardised with slings for comfort only and early safe-zone mobilisation. New patient information was developed.

Results

71 patients were included in matched cohorts. Mean LOS was reduced from 2.4 nights to 1.9 nights. The single night stay rate improved from 40% to 49%. Across the ER cohort, 15 less nights were required to complete same volume of surgeries as in the non-ER cohort.

Parity in OSS and CS measured at 3 and 12 months after surgery were observed in both cohorts.

Satisfaction was already high before ER but scores stayed the same or improved across all areas surveyed.

Absolute complication rates of 9.9% in the non-ER group and 7% in the ER group were recorded.

Conclusion

Our ER programme benefited patients and the Trust by reducing time in hospital and improving patient satisfaction without an adverse effect on complication rate.
Advance care planning evaluation: a scoping review of best research practice
Authors: Gloeckler Sophie , Krones Tanja , Biller-Andorno Nikola
Published: October 2021

Various indicators have been used to evaluate advance care planning, including completion rates, type of care received, and satisfaction. Recent consensus suggests, though, that receiving care consistent with one’s goals is the primary outcome of advance care planning and assessment should capture this metric. Goal concordant care is challenging to measure, and there is little clarity about how best to do so. The aim of this scoping review is to explore what methods have been used to measure goal concordant care in the evaluation of advance care planning. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched in September 2020 to identify studies that aimed to track whether advance care planning affected the likelihood of patients receiving care that matched their preferred care. 135 original studies were included for review. Studies used retrospective chart review (36%, n=49), questionnaire (36%, n=48) and interview (31%, n=42), focusing on both patients and proxies. Studies considered both actual care received (55%, n=74) and hypothetical scenarios anticipating possible future care (49%, n=66); some studies did both. While the reviewed studies demonstrate the possibility of working towards a solid methodology, there were significant weaknesses. Notably, studies often lacked enough reporting clarity to be reproducible and, relatedly, key concepts, such as end-of-life or preferred care, were left undefined. The recommendations that follow from these findings inform future research approaches, supporting the development of a strong evidence base to guide advance care planning implementation in practice.
Management of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies: narrative review
Authors: Jolly Hannah , Freel E Marie , Isles Chris
Published: October 2021

Hypertensive emergencies are distinguished from hypertensive urgencies by the presence of clinical or laboratory target organ damage. The most common forms of target organ damage in developed countries are pulmonary oedema/heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. In the absence of randomised trials, it is inevitable that guideline writers differ slightly regarding the speed and extent to which blood pressure should be lowered acutely. An appreciation of cerebral autoregulation is key and should underpin treatment decisions. Hypertensive emergencies, with the notable exception of uncomplicated malignant hypertension, require intravenous antihypertensive medication which is most safely given in high dependency or intensive care settings. Patients with hypertensive urgency are often treated with medications that lower their blood pressure acutely, although there is no evidence to support this practice. This article aims to review current guidelines and recommendations, and to provide user friendly management strategies for the general physician.
Cigarette taxation and price differentials in 195 countries during 2014–2018
Authors: Laverty Anthony A , Li Chaorui Raymond , Chang Kiara C-M , Millett Christopher , Filippidis Filippos T
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Raising tobacco prices via increased taxation may be undermined by tobacco industry tactics to keep budget cigarettes on the market. Price differentials between budget and premium cigarettes allow smokers to trade down in the face of average price rises thus attenuating health benefits. This study examines global trends of price differentials and associations with taxation.

Methods

Ecological analysis of country-level panel data of 195 countries’ price differentials was performed and compared against total, specific excise, ad valorem and other taxation. Price differentials were expressed as the difference between budget cigarette and premium pack prices (as % of premium pack prices). Two-level linear regression models with repeated measurements (2014, 2016 and 2018) nested within each country assessed the association between country-level taxation structures and price differentials, adjusted for year, geographical region and income group.

Results

Worldwide, median price differential between budget and premium 20-cigarette packs was 49.4% (IQR 25.9%–70.0%) in 2014 and 44.4% (IQR 22.5%–69.4%) in 2018 with significant regional variation. The largest price differentials in 2018 were in Africa, with the lowest in Europe. Total taxation was negatively associated with price differentials (−1.5%, 95% CI −2.5% to −0.4% per +10% total taxation) as was specific excise taxation (−2.5%, 95% CI −3.7% to −1.2% per +10% specific excise tax). We found no statistically significant association between ad valorem taxation and price differentials.

Conclusion

Total levels of taxation and specific excise taxes were associated with smaller price differentials. Implementing high specific excise taxes may reduce price differentials and improve health outcomes.
SOAT1 enhances lung cancer invasiveness by stimulating AKT-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation
Authors: Mo Yijun , Lin Lina , Zhang Jianhua , Yu Changhui
Published: October 2021

Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, which mediates cholesterol esterification metabolism and is closely associated with many cancers. However, the role of SOAT1 in lung cancer invasion remains unclear. We found that SOAT1 expression was positively correlated with lung cancer invasion. Downregulation of SOAT1 inhibited invasion, mitochondrial fragmentation, AKT phosphorylation, and phospho-Drp (Ser616) in lung cancer cells and promoted intracellular free cholesterol accumulation. Mechanistically, the AKT phosphorylation inhibitor MK-2206 alleviated both SOAT1 overexpression and high expression-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and lung cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, intracellular free cholesterol accumulation reduced AKT phosphorylation, SREBP1 mRNA expression, cell invasion, and mitochondrial fragmentation in lung cancer cells with high SOAT1 expression. In summary, our findings suggest that SOAT1 promotes lung cancer invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by downregulating intracellular free cholesterol levels, thereby affecting the regulation of mitochondrial fragmentation.
Strange quark mass dependence of strange quark star properties
Authors: Li Bo-Lin , Yan Yan , Ping Jia-Lun
Published: October 2021

The effects of strange quark mass on masses, radii, and tidal deformabilities of strange quark stars are studied via the quasiparticle model that includes the non-perturbative features of QCD in low density region. The constraints of $$M_{\mathrm {TOV}} > 2.0 M_{\odot }$$

M
TOV

>
2.0

M
⊙

and $$\Lambda _{1.4} < 800$$

Λ

1.4

<
800

are used to choose the EOSs with different strange quark masses. We find that in low density region the EOSs with larger strange quark mass are stiffer, while in high density region they are softer. A larger strange quark mass gives a smaller mass and radius for a strange quark star, and a larger minimum of radii and tidal deformabilities for $$1.4 M_{\odot }$$

1.4

M
⊙

strange quark stars. A larger strange quark mass also gives a larger lower bound of combined tidal deformability $$\tilde{\Lambda }_{LB}$$

Λ
~

LB

.
Wave zone in the Hořava–Lifshitz theory at the kinetic-conformal point in the low energy regime
Authors: Mestra-Páez J. , Peña J. M. , Restuccia A.
Published: October 2021

We show that in the Hořava–Lifshitz theory at the kinetic-conformal point, in the low energy regime, a wave zone for asymptotically flat fields can be consistently defined. In it, the physical degrees of freedom, the transverse traceless tensorial modes, satisfy a linear wave equation. The Newtonian contributions, among which there are terms which manifestly break the relativistic invariance, are non-trivial but do not obstruct the free propagation (radiation) of the physical degrees of freedom. For an appropriate value of the couplings of the theory, the wave equation becomes the relativistic one in agreement with the propagation of the gravitational radiation in the wave zone of General Relativity. Previously to the wave zone analysis, and in general grounds, we obtain the physical Hamiltonian of the Hořava–Lifshitz theory at the kinetic-conformal point in the constrained submanifold. We determine the canonical physical degrees of freedom in a particular coordinate system. They are well defined functions of the transverse-traceless modes of the metric and coincide with them in the wave zone and also at linearized level.
Electron ionization of clusters containing the formamide molecule
Authors: Suarez-Moreno Harvey-Andres , Eckermann Lauren , Zappa Fabio , Arthur-Baidoo Eugene , Ptasińska Sylwia , Denifl Stephan
Published: October 2021

Studies on electron interactions with formamide (FA) clusters promote scientific interest as a model system to understand phenomena relevant to astrophysical, prebiotic, and radiobiological processes. In this work, mass spectrometric detection of cationic species for both small bare and microhydrated formamide clusters was performed at an electron ionization of 70 eV. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the cluster spectra with the literature-reported gas-phase spectra is presented and discussed, revealing different reaction channels affected by the cluster environment. This study is essential in developing our understanding of both low-energy electron phenomena in clusters that can bridge the complexity gap between gas and realistic systems and the effect of hydration on electron-induced processes.
Hunt for rare processes and long-lived particles at FCC-ee
Authors: Chrzaszcz Marcin , Suarez Rebeca Gonzalez , Monteil Stéphane
Published: October 2021

In this essay, we discuss the possibilities and associated challenges concerning beyond the Standard Model searches at FCC-ee, such as rare decays of heavy-flavoured particles and long-lived particles. The Standard Model contains several suppression mechanisms, which cause a given group of processes to happen rarely, resulting in rare decays. The interest in these decays lies in the fact that the physics beyond the Standard Model does not need to be affected by the same suppression mechanism and therefore can naturally manifest in these decays. Their interest is reinforced by the recent report of several measurements of b-flavoured rare decays, showing deviations with respect to the Standard Model predictions. We will show how the FCC-ee project has unique capabilities to address these scientific questions and will consider the related detector design challenges to meet. Another group of processes discussed are those that produce new particles with relatively long lifetimes that travel substantial distances inside the detectors before decaying. Models containing long-lived particles can give answers to many open questions of the Standard Model, such as the nature of dark matter, or the neutrino masses, among others, while providing an interesting experimental complement to mainstream searches. Long-lived particles often display unique experimental signatures, such as displaced tracks and vertices, “disappearing” tracks, or anomalously charged jets. Due to this, they are affected by very low background levels but in exchange, they often require dedicated reconstruction algorithms and triggers. The discovery of any of the discussed cases would have a critical impact in High Energy Physics, and FCC-ee could provide a unique experimental opportunity to explore them. Moreover, the searches proposed here could motivate an out-of-the-box optimization of the experimental conditions that could bring in innovative solutions, such as new, possibly very large tracking detectors; or cutting-edge reconstruction algorithms that would boost the FCC-ee reach for unusual final states.
Flow Control for Unmanned Air Vehicles
Authors: Greenblatt David , Williams David R.
Published: October 2021

The pervasiveness of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), from insect to airplane scales, combined with active flow control maturity, has set the scene for vehicles that differ markedly from present-day configurations. Nano and micro air vehicles, with characteristic Reynolds numbers typically less than 105, rely on periodically generated leading-edge vortices for lift generation, propulsion, and maneuvering. This is most commonly achieved by mechanical flapping or pulsed plasma actuation. On larger UAVs, with Reynolds numbers greater than 105, externally driven and autonomous fluidic systems continue to dominate. These include traditional circulation control techniques, autonomous synthetic jets, and discrete sweeping jets. Plasma actuators have also shown increased technological maturity. Energy efficiency is a major challenge, whether it be batteries and power electronics on nano and micro air vehicles or acceptably low compressor bleed on larger UAVs. Further challenges involve the development of aerodynamic models based on experiments or numerical simulations, as well as flight dynamics models.
The Impact of Berberine on Intestinal Morphology, Microbes, and Immune Function of Broilers in Response to Necrotic Enteritis Challenge
Authors: Yuan Lin , Li Mengjie , Qiao Yingying , Wang Haoyu , Cui Litong , Wang Mingfa
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic effects of berberine on necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers caused by Clostridium perfringens. A total of 240 1‐day‐old Arbor Acres chicks were divided into four groups, as negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC), berberine‐ (BER‐) treated, or lincomycin‐ (LMY‐) treated groups. Broilers were challenged with C. perfringens at 15‐21 days of age, followed by BER or LMY supplied in drinking water for 7 days. Experimental results showed that C. perfringens infection significantly decreased growth performance and increased intestinal necrosis index and the number of C. perfringens present to 6.45 Log10CFU/g (P < 0.001). Proinflammatory cytokines in the ileum were significantly increased, but the expression of ileal tight junction proteins occludin and claudin‐1 was significantly reduced. Both BER and LMY ameliorated some of these observations. Compared with the PC group, the number of C. perfringens in the cecum was significantly decreased following treatment (P < 0.001), and growth performance and small intestine morphology were similar to those of the NC group (P > 0.05). IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels as well as occludin and claudin‐1 expression were also significantly improved (P < 0.05). BER has the potential to replace antibiotics for NE caused by C. perfringens.
Study on Dispersion Stability and Friction Characteristics of C60 Nanomicrosphere Lubricating Additives for Improving Cutting Conditions in Manufacturing Process
Authors: Huang Jing-Shan , Sun Hao , Wang Xi , Chen Bin-Qiang , Yao Bin
Published: October 2021

Antifriction lubrication is an important research hotspot in the manufacturing field. A high-performance lubricating additive is of great significance for condition monitoring in the metal cutting process system. To improve cutting conditions in manufacturing process, we study the dispersion stability and tribological properties of fullerene nanoparticles in HM32 antiwear lubricating fluid. Fullerene nanoparticles are fully integrated into HM32 antiwear lubricating fluid by electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation. The dispersion stability of fullerene nanoparticles in HM32 antiwear lubricating fluid was comprehensively studied by microscope scanning experiment, static sedimentation experiment, and absorption experiment. The four-ball friction experiment was operated to investigate the extreme pressure property and tribological property of lubricating fluids with fullerene concentration ranging from 100 ppm to 1000 ppm. The results show that fullerene nanoparticle can significantly improve the extreme pressure property and wear resistance of HM32 basic lubricating fluid. Meanwhile, we found that an excessively high concentration of fullerene nanoparticles will increase the friction and wear of the four-ball friction pair. The best concentration of fullerene nanoparticles is 200 ppm. When the fullerene concentration reaches 200 ppm, the maximum nonsintering load is significantly increased, and the friction coefficient and the steel ball wear scar diameter are significantly reduced.
Piano Performance and Music Automatic Notation Algorithm Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Yang Yaokun
Published: October 2021

Artificial intelligence is a subject that studies all kinds of human intelligent activities and their laws. It is developed on the basis of the cohesion of many disciplines such as computer science, politics, information system, neurophysiology, psychology, philosophy, and language. This paper aims to study how to build a computer or intelligent machine, including hardware and software, imitate and expand the human brain to perform thinking functions such as thinking, programming, arithmetic, and learning, solve complex problems that need to be handled by professionals, and better apply the artificial intelligence assistance system to the teaching of piano performance. In this paper, Prolog language and music-assisted learning system based on the ARM and SA algorithm are proposed, the principle and operation process of music automatic recording technology are deeply studied, and the system data of artificial intelligence are summarized and analyzed by using internal database, so as to find out the implementation principle and law of piano automatic recording system. So that the artificial intelligence assistant system can be better applied to music teaching. The experimental results show that, in the teaching system of piano performance and music automatic notation algorithm, the utilization rate of artificial intelligence auxiliary technology has reached 56.81 and is growing rapidly. Therefore, we can find that the artificial intelligence assistant system plays an important role in the teaching system of piano performance and automatic music notation.
Experimental Analysis on Dynamic Response of X‐Section Piled Raft Composite Foundation under Cyclic Axial Load for Ballastless Track in Soft Soil
Authors: Fu Qiang
Published: October 2021

Large‐scale model tests were established at a scale of 1/5 using a 7 m deep model tank with cross‐sectional dimension of 5 m × 4 m, to study the vibration response characteristics of ballastless track, embankment, and X‐section piled raft foundation under cyclic axial load, including the vibration displacement, velocity, dynamic soil, and pile stress. Cyclic dynamic loading can be achieved by controlling the loading frequency and cycles through the vibration servo control loading system. The test results are presented in the variation of dynamic displacement, velocity, and stress of X‐section piled raft composite foundation. The vibration displacement, velocity, and stress of the track, embankment, and pile foundation follow a pattern of vibration characteristics of loading sine wave. The vibration characteristics of loading waves can be identified easily from the peaks and troughs in the dynamic response of displacement, velocity, and stress at many locations of track slab, embankment, cushion, and underlying soil, at which the vibration response presents almost monotonically increasing tendency with the loading frequencies. With the increase of loading frequency, the vibration responses at the track structure and embankment have higher increasing rates than those at substructure (raft, cushion, and subsoil). The piled raft bears more dynamic load than cushion and subsoils, to ensure long‐term dynamic stability and safety of the foundation soils. The model testing results provide a better understanding of the dynamic response characteristics of ballastless track, embankment, and X‐section piled raft foundation under cyclic axial load in soft soil.
Application Effect and Evaluation of Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging on Myocardial Damage in Patients with Malignant Lymphoma Treated with Anthracyclines
Authors: Bai Chunqiang , Meng Fanyue , Feng Peiming , Wang Wan , Fang Liang , Chang Qiankun , Wang Lihong
Published: October 2021

Objective. The purpose was to study the monitoring effect and application value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) on myocardial function in patients with malignant lymphoma after treatment with anthracyclines. Methods. 50 patients with malignant lymphoma treated in our hospital from June 2017 to December 2019 were randomly selected and were treated with anthracyclines to compare the cardiac global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS), left ventricular twist (LVtw), GLS × LVtw, and changes of atrioventricular inner diameters before and after 3 cycles of treatment. According to the pathological examination results, the accuracy of 2D-STI in the detection of changes in myocardial function of patients was also clarified. Results. The absolute values of GLS, GRS and GCS after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The LVtw and GLS × LVtw after 3 cycles of treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the atrioventricular inner diameters of patients before and after treatment, with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the monitoring results of 2D-STI and the pathological examination results, with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Anthracyclines can cause some myocardial damage in patients with malignant lymphoma. The application of 2D-STI to monitor the changes in myocardial function of patients can give more accurate monitoring results, facilitating the early implementation of appropriate treatment.
Development of Production-Forecasting Model Based on the Characteristics of Production Decline Analysis Using the Reservoir and Hydraulic Fracture Parameters in Montney Shale Gas Reservoir, Canada
Authors: Shin Hyeonsu , Nguyen-Le Viet , Kim Min , Shin Hyundon , Little Edward
Published: October 2021

This study developed a production-forecasting model to replace the numerical simulation and the decline curve analysis using reservoir and hydraulic fracture data in Montney shale gas reservoir, Canada. A shale-gas production curve can be generated if some of the decline parameters such as a peak rate, a decline rate, and a decline exponent are properly estimated based on reservoir and hydraulic fracturing parameters. The production-forecasting model was developed to estimate five decline parameters of a modified hyperbolic decline by using significant reservoir and hydraulic fracture parameters which are derived through the simulation experiments designed by design of experiments and statistical analysis: (1) initial peak rate (

P

hyp

), (2) hyperbolic decline rate (

D

hyp

), (3) hyperbolic decline exponent (

b

hyp

), (4) transition time (

T

transition

), and (5) exponential decline rate (

D

exp

). Total eight reservoir and hydraulic fracture parameters were selected as significant parameters on five decline parameters from the results of multivariate analysis of variance among 11 reservoir and hydraulic fracture parameters. The models based on the significant parameters had high predicted

R

2

values on the cumulative production. The validation results on the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 30-year cumulative production data obtained by the simulation showed a good agreement:

R

2

>
0.89

. The developed production-forecasting model can be also applied for the history matching. The mean absolute percentage error on history matching was 5.28% and 6.23% for the forecasting model and numerical simulator, respectively. Therefore, the results from this study can be applied to substitute numerical simulations for the shale reservoirs which have similar properties with the Montney shale gas reservoir.
Impact of Factors of Online Deceptive Reviews on Customer Purchase Decision Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Zhong Minjuan , Qu Xilong , Chen Yuhua , Liao Shumei , Xiao Quan
Published: October 2021

Online deceptive reviews widely exist in the online shopping environment. Numerous studies have investigated the impact of online product reviews on customer behaviour and sales. However, the existing literature is mainly based on real product reviews; only a few studies have investigated deceptive reviews. Based on the results of deceptive reviews, this article explores the factors that affect customer purchase decision in online review systems, which is flooded by deceptive reviews. Therefore, a deceptive review influence model is proposed based on three influential factors of online review system, sentiment characteristics, review length, and online seller characteristics. Based on them, text mining is used to quantify the indicators of the three influential factors. Through principal component analysis and linear regression, the experimental results of electronic appliances on Tmall show that the three influential factors are positively related to customers' purchase intention and decision making.
Difference between Acyclovir and Ganciclovir in the Treatment of Children with Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Zhang Shouyuan , Zhu Yanyan , Jin Yanyan , Sun Hong , Wang Weiqun , Zhan Lu
Published: October 2021

Objective. To investigate the efficacy differences between acyclovir and ganciclovir in the treatment of children with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)- associated infectious mononucleosis (IM). Methods. A total of 128 children with EBV-IM who were admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to February 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the acyclovir group (n = 64) and the ganciclovir group (n = 64) according to the random number table method. All the children were given symptomatic treatments such as protecting the liver and reducing fever. On this basis, the acyclovir group was given an intravenous drip of acyclovir, while the ganciclovir group was given an intravenous drip of ganciclovir. The treatment was continued for 7 days. After the treatment, the clinical efficacy, disappearance time of symptoms and signs, related blood routine indexes, EBV-DNA negative conversion rate, and the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment were compared between the two groups. Results. After treatment, the total effective rate of the ganciclovir group (92.19%) was higher than that of the acyclovir group (73.44%) and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. The disappearance time for the symptoms and signs of angina, fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly in the ganciclovir group was lower than that in the acyclovir group, and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. After treatment, the levels of atypical lymphocyte proportion, lymphocyte proportion, and WBC count in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, the levels in the ganciclovir group were lower than those in the acyclovir group, and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. After treatment, the EBV-DNA negative conversion rate (81.25%) in the ganciclovir group was higher than that in the acyclovir group (60.93%) and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. During treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions in the ganciclovir group was significantly lower than that in the acyclovir group and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. Conclusion. In the treatment of children with EBV-IM, the therapeutic effect of ganciclovir is obviously superior to that of acyclovir. Ganciclovir can quickly eliminate the symptoms of angina, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, and other signs in children, can improve abnormal blood indicators, and has a higher negative conversion rate of EBV and less adverse reactions.
Analysis of Related Influencing Factors of Deep Vein Thrombosis after Lumbar Internal Fixation and Treatment Strategy
Authors: Zhang Sixiao , Shen Guangjie , Luo Mingxing , Zhong Xiqiang
Published: October 2021

Lumbar internal fixation is a traditional surgical method for the treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. However, due to its large surgical trauma, it easily causes complications such as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after the operation. DVT refers to the abnormal coagulation of blood in deep veins, blocking the lumen, causing venous blood return disorder, causing venous blood return disorder to cause swelling and pain, which affects the recovery of the patient’s lumbar spine function. In severe cases, even complicated pulmonary embolism endangers the life and health of the patient. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore the related influencing factors and effective treatment of DVT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors and effective treatment of DVT after lumbar internal fixation. Univariate analysis and multivariate a logistic regression model were used to analyze the related factors affecting DVT after lumbar internal fixation. Conventional treatments such as anticoagulation, promotion of venous blood return, and improvement of limb circulation were given to patients with DVT, and functional exercise was guided to compare the hypercoagulability and hyperviscosity of blood in patients with DVT before and after treatment. The results showed that the incidence of DVT after lumbar internal fixation was related to age, BMI, and bed time. Getting out of bed for functional exercise in time after surgery can effectively prevent the formation of DVT. Preoperative grading examination, intraoperative intervention, postoperative physical exercise, and other preventive guidance can be carried out according to different individuals during the perioperative period to prevent the formation of postoperative DVT.
Research Progress on Morphological Changes and Surgery-Related Parameters of Corneal Cap in Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Liang Chen , Zhang Yan , He Yuxi , Wang Shurong
Published: October 2021

Small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is an “all-in-one” surgical method for refractive correction. An advantage of the SMILE over traditional surgery is that it depends on the corneal cap’s design. This review discusses the morphological evaluation of the corneal cap, selection of the corneal cap with different thicknesses and diameters, influence of the corneal cap design on re-treatment, and management of corneal cap-related complications. The following points should be recognized to define the correct morphology and design of the operation-related parameters of the corneal cap during SMILE: (1) the thickness and diameter of the corneal cap are predictable and influence postoperative visual quality, (2) the change in the anterior surface curvature of the corneal cap should be considered in the design of the nomogram value, (3) for patients with moderate myopic correction, early visual quality is better with a 6.9-mm than with a 7.5-mm-diameter corneal cap, (4) there is no significant difference in visual quality or biomechanics among corneal caps with different thicknesses, (5) the primary corneal cap thickness plays an important role in the SMILE re-treatment, (6) a 7.78-mm diameter corneal cap has a greater risk of suction loss than a 7.60-mm diameter corneal cap, (7) if suction loss occurs when lenticular scanning exceeds 10%, then SMILE can be continued by changing the corneal cap thickness, (8) preventive collagen cross-linking with SMILE caps are 90–120 μm thick and 7–7.8 mm in diameter, and (9) properly treating SMILE-related complications ensures better postoperative results. The data presented herein shall deepen the understanding of the importance of the corneal cap during SMILE and provide diversified analysis for personalized operational design of corneal cap parameters.
Comparison of Clinically Adjudicated Versus Flow-Based Adjudication of Revascularization Events in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Rutao , Kawashima Hideyuki , Hara Hironori , Gao Chao , Ono Masafumi , Takahashi Kuniaki , Tu Shengxian , Soliman Osama , Garg Scot , van Geuns Robert Jan , Tao Ling , Wijns William , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W.
Published: October 2021

Background:

In clinical trials, the optimal method of adjudicating revascularization events as clinically or nonclinically indicated (CI) is to use an independent Clinical Events Committee (CEC). However, the Academic Research Consortium-2 currently recommends using physiological assessment. The level of agreement between these methods of adjudication remains unknown.

Methods:

Data for all CEC adjudicated revascularization events among the 3457 patients followed-up for 2-years in the TALENT trial, and 3-years in the DESSOLVE III, PIONEER, and SYNTAX II trial were collected and readjudicated according to a quantitative flow ratio (QFR) analysis of the revascularized vessels, by an independent core lab blinded to the results of the conventional CEC adjudication. The κ statistic was used to assess the level of agreement between the 2 methods.

Results:

In total, 351 CEC-adjudicated repeat revascularization events occurred, with retrospective QFR analysis successfully performed in 212 (60.4%). According to QFR analysis, 104 events (QFR ≤0.80) were adjudicated as CI revascularizations and 108 (QFR >0.80) were not. The agreement between CEC and QFR based adjudication was just fair (κ=0.335). Between the 2 methods of adjudication, there was a disagreement of 26.4% and 7.1% in CI and non-CI revascularization, respectively. Overall, the concordance and discordance rates were 66.5% and 33.5%, respectively.

Conclusions:

In this event-level analysis, QFR based adjudication had a relatively low agreement with CEC adjudication with respect to whether revascularization events were CI or not. CEC adjudication appears to overestimate CI revascularization as compared with QFR adjudication. Direct comparison between these 2 strategies in terms of revascularization adjudication is warranted in future trials.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: TALENT trial: NCT02870140, DESSOLVE III trial: NCT02385279, SYNTAX II: NCT02015832, and PIONEER trial: NCT02236975.
Secondary Precipitants of Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Ko Darae , Saleeba Connor , Sadiq Hammad , Crawford Sybil , Paul Tenes , Shi Qiming , Wang Ziyue , Benjamin Emelia J. , Walkey Allan J. , Lubitz Steven A. , Kapoor Alok , McManus David
Published: October 2021

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly occurs in the setting of acute conditions. We aimed to identify the acute conditions associated with secondary AF (AF precipitants) including pneumonia/sepsis, pneumothorax, respiratory failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, alcohol intoxication, thyrotoxicosis, cardiothoracic surgery, other surgery in patients with newly diagnosed AF and determine their association with subsequent oral anticoagulant use.

Methods and Results

We assembled a cohort of patients in the UMass Memorial Healthcare system with a new diagnosis of AF with and without AF precipitants. We used combinations of
International Classification of Diseases
,
Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐10
) codes, Current Procedural Terminology codes, laboratory values, imaging reports, and physician notes including discharge summary texts to identify AF precipitants. We then manually reviewed the individual charts to validate presence of AF precipitants. The study sample consisted of 185 patients with and 172 patients without AF precipitants. Pneumonia/sepsis, myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, and cardiothoracic surgery were the most common precipitants identified. In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, sex, patient comorbidities, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular ejection fraction, and antiplatelet use, patients with AF precipitants were less likely to receive subsequent anticoagulation therapy at 30 days after the initial AF diagnosis (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.19–0.52). The association was persistent after excluding men with CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score <2 and women with CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score <3.

Conclusions

Our study highlights lower usage of oral anticoagulant in secondary AF in contemporary clinical practice.
Centaurea peltieri (Asteraceae), a new endemic species from the Oriental High Atlas of Morocco
Authors: HOMRANI BAKALI Abdelmonaim , SUSANNA A.
Published: October 2021

Centaurea peltieri (C. sect. Melanoloma) is described and illustrated as a new endemic species from the Oriental High Atlas of Morocco. The morphology of involucral bracts is the discriminant feature separating it from other closely related species of the section.