bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSXIII-28 Late-Breaking: Lactational performance of dairy cows receiving supplemental His: A meta-analysis
Authors: Räisänen Susanna , Hristov Alexander N
Published: October 2021

The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of supplemental histidine (His) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk (MY) and energy-corrected milk (ECM) yields, and milk components in lactating dairy cows. A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to data from 20 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1999 and 2021. In 12 of the studies His was supplemented to the diet as rumen-protected His and in the remaining experiments free His was infused into the abomasum (5 experiments), the jugular vein (2 experiments) or the duodenum (1 experiment) of the cows. The diets were based on corn silage in 60% and on grass silage in 40% of the studies. In studies where data were available (13 out of 20), metabolizable protein supply was estimated to be on average 98% (min = 85% and max = 110%) of NRC (2001) requirements. Computations were carried out using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (V. 3.3.070). Histidine supplementation increased (P < 0.001) plasma His concentration by 59%, compared with control. Dry matter intake and MY increased (P ≤ 0.002) by 0.22 and 0.36 kg/d, respectively, whereas ECM yield tended to increase (P = 0.07) by 0.14 kg/d with His supplemented diets vs. the control. Milk protein concentration was also increased (P = 0.004) by 0.20 %-units, whereas milk fat concentration tended to decrease (P = 0.10) by 0.11 %-units with His supplementation. Further, His increased milk protein and lactose yield (P ≤ 0.05) by 0.31 and 0.14 kg/d, respectively. Overall, based on the available data, His supplementation of lactating dairy cow rations enhanced DMI, MY and milk protein concentration and yield.
PSVI-23 Depot- specific patterns of mRNA and miRNA gene expression in adipose tissue from Texel-cross and Suffolk lambs
Authors: Udoka Aliute , Greene Maslyn A , Duckett Susan K
Published: October 2021

Excess fat deposition is costly to the producer in terms of input and final product; it also usually does not occur equally across all adipose depots. Further examination is necessary to determine a correlation between varying gene expression and fatty acid composition in different tissue depots, and further, across different breeds. Texel-Suffolk (n = 5) and Suffolk-Suffolk (n = 4) lambs were finished to 203 d of age and used to compare both mRNA and microRNA (miR) gene expression changes between breed and among tissue depots. Seven different depots were harvested and snap-frozen from all nine lambs. The liver, longissimus muscle of the rib, kidney fat, mesenteric fat, omental fat, subcutaneous fat, and intermuscular fat were all harvested. Texel-sired lambs had greater (P < 0.05) flank streaking, quality grade, and weight of fat depots compared to Suffolk. Texel-cross lambs had higher (P < 0.05) oleic-to-stearic fatty acid ratio than Suffolk lambs in this study, displaying a breed difference concerning this desaturation ratio. Tissue and breed interactions were observed for oleic-to-stearic and palmitoleic-to-palmitic ratio differences (P < 0.05) depending on tissue type. Tissue and breed interactions were trending in various tissues concerning the expression of the gene, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1(SCD-1). SCD-1 seemed to be upregulated (P < 0.10) in a multitude of tissues while others do not appear to be differentially expressed, dependent upon breed. Data showed an association between SCD-1 and mi-199a-3p among different tissue variations. This may suggest that adipose tissue is more complex than what is currently known. Lipogenic gene expression differed between tissue and adipose depots, and could potentially broaden targets that could aid in maximizing animal efficiency.
PSIV-B-28 Effect of feeding acidified or fermented barley grain using Limosilactobacillus reuteri with or without supplemental phytase on diet nutrient digestibility in growing pigs
Authors: Heyer Charlotte M E , Wang Li F , Beltranena Eduardo , Gänzle Michael G , Zijlstra Ruurd T T
Published: October 2021

Fermentation of cereal grains may degrade myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) thereby increasing nutrient digestibility. Effects of chemical acidification or fermentation with Limosilactobacillus (Lm.) reuteri TMW 1.656 with or without phytase on nutrient digestibility of diets composed of high β-glucan hull-less barley grain were assessed in growing pigs. Four mash diets contained 50% barley grain: 1) unfermented barley (Control); 2) chemically-acidified barley (ACD) with lactic and acidic acid [0.02 L/kg barley grain, 4:1 (v/v)]; 3) barley fermented with Lm. reuteri (Fermented without phytase); and 4) barley fermented with Lm. reuteri and phytase (Fermented with phytase; 500 FYT/kg barley grain). The 4 diets were fed to 8 ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW, 17.4 kg) for four 11-d periods in a double 4 × 4 Latin square. The InsP6 content of barley grain in Control, ACD, Fermented without phytase, or Fermented with phytase was 1.12, 0.59, 0.52% dry matter, or not detectable, respectively. Diet apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP), Ca, gross energy and digestible energy and predicted net energy values were greater (P < 0.05) for ACD and Fermented without phytase than Control. Diet apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P tended to be greater (P < 0.10) for Fermented without phytase than Control. Diet STTD of P, AID and ATTD of Ca was greater (P < 0.05) for Fermented with phytase than Fermented without phytase. Acidification or fermentation with/without phytase did not affect diet standardized ileal digestibility of CP and AA. In conclusion, fermentation with phytase completely degraded InsP6 in barley grain and maximized P and Ca digestibility, thereby reducing the need to provide inorganic P to meet P requirements of growing pigs.
PSVI-10 Effects of dietary spray-dried plasma protein on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in nursery pig
Authors: Kim Hansol , Kim Beob Gyun G
Published: October 2021

The objectives were to determine the digestible energy, standardized ileal digestibility of AA, and growth performance of dietary spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve nursery barrows (9.8 ± 0.9 kg) were assigned to a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 diets and 2 periods. Each period consisted of 5 days of adaptation, 2 days of fecal sampling, and 2 days of ileal collection. A basal diet was composed of corn, soybean meal, dried whey, and sucrose as the sole energy and AA sources. Experimental diets were prepared by replacing 15% of the energy and AA sources in the basal diet with SDPP 1 (manufactured in the US; 78.2% CP and 4,862 kcal GE/kg as-is) or SDPP 2 (manufactured in Korea; 74.3% CP and 4,636 kcal GE/kg as-is). Spray-dried plasma protein 1 had greater digestible energy (4,799 vs. 4,469 kcal/kg as-is; P < 0.05), but less (P < 0.05) standardized ileal digestibility of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and threonine compared with SDPP 2. In Exp. 2, eighty-four nursery pigs (7.9 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicate pens and 4 pigs per pen. Three corn-soybean meal-whey-based diets contained fish meal (6% and 3.5% for d 0 to 14 and d 14 to 28, respectively), SDPP 1 (4.5% and 2.7%), or SDPP 2 (5% and 3%) to maintain same energy and nutrient concentrations. During d 0 to 14 and overall period, pigs fed the diets containing SDPP gained more weight (P < 0.05) than those fed the fish meal diet with no difference between 2 sources of SDPP. Overall, 2 sources of SDPP have different energy concentrations and AA digestibility, but similar growth promoting effects in nursery pigs.
PSVI-7 Effect of substrates of agroindustrial wastes fermented with LAB and yeasts on productive, reproductive and health indicators in primiparous guinea pigs
Authors: Taboada Juan , Briñez Wilfido , Miranda José E , Marin Alfredo
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el posible efecto probiótico del sustrato de residuos agroindustriales fermentado con BAL y levaduras sobre los indicadores productivos, reproductivos y de salud de cobayas primíparas y su descendencia. Se utilizaron 80 cuyes nulíparas distribuidas en 4 grupos de 20 hembras nulíparas cada uno, de 120 ± 5 días de edad, 1450 ± 25 g de peso vivo, todas sometidas al mismo sistema de manejo y alimentación actual de la granja. Se aplicaron con una dosis de 1 mL del bioaditivo / animal. Los tratamientos suministrados fueron las siguientes variantes: T1. control. T2, Sustrato (residuos agroindustriales) fermentado con L. acidophilus ATCC® 4356 ™. T3, sustrato más Kluyveromyces fragilis L4 (UCLV). T4, sustrato fermentado con microorganismos T2 y T3.En el experimento se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, donde se evaluaron los indicadores reproductivos, productivos y de salud. Weight gain in pregnancy was greater (P < 0.05) in T4 in this same group, weight loss was less (P < 0.05) in lactation; the age at first conception and at delivery decreased (P < 0.05) in T4; fertility, the number of live-born animals and the weight at birth and at weaning were higher (P < 0.05) in T4 compared to the other groups; Likewise, blood parameters notably improved in the animals of treatment 4. The treaties with bioaditive were the ones whit the best behavior as reflected in table 1. In the experiment, the beneficial effect as a probiotic was confirmed by the treatments (T2, T3 and T4) of these with the best performance was T4. The inclusion of substrates fermented with LAB and yeasts significantly improves the productive, reproductive and health indicators of primiparous guinea pigs and their offspring.
The dedicated chaperones of eL43, Puf6 and Loc1 can also bind RPL43 mRNA and regulate the production of this ribosomal protein
Authors: Yueh Le-Yun , Tseng Yun-Ting , Chu Chih-Yi , Lo Kai-Yin
Published: October 2021

The level of ribosome biogenesis is highly associated with cell growth rate. Because many ribosomal proteins have extraribosomal functions, overexpression or insufficient supply of these proteins may impair cellular growth. Therefore, the supply of ribosomal proteins is tightly controlled in response to rRNA syntheses and environmental stimuli. In our previous study, two RNA-binding proteins, Puf6 and Loc1, were identified as dedicated chaperones of the ribosomal protein eL43, with which they associate to maintain its protein level and proper loading. In this study, we demonstrate that Puf6 and Loc1 interact with RPL43 mRNA. Notably, Puf6 and Loc1 usually function as a dimeric complex to bind other mRNAs; however, in this instance, the individual proteins, but not the complex form, can bind RPL43 mRNA. Thus, Puf6 or Loc1 could bind RPL43 mRNA in loc1Δ or puf6Δ, respectively. The binding of Puf6 or Loc1 caused negative effects for eL43 production: decreased RNA stability and translation of RPL43A/B mRNA. The present results suggest that these dedicated chaperones control the protein levels of eL43 from the standpoint of stability and through regulating its production.
Artificial light at night (ALAN) mediates transient spatial aggregation of an ecosystem engineer, the crabNeohelice granulata(Dana, 1851) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae), under different ecological contexts
Authors: Quiñones-Llópiz Jesús D , Ribeiro Pablo D , Luppi Tomás A , Chiaradia Nicolas M , Nuñez Jesús D
Published: October 2021

Artificial light at night (ALAN) alters natural light regimes in much of the world. The effect of ALAN has been studied in several organisms, although not so much in crustaceans, especially in adult stages. We evaluated the relationship between different intensities of ALAN and the abundance of burrows, and surface activity of the crab Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851). The study was conducted in 2016 and 2017, in two salt marshes, San Antonio Oeste and Mar Chiquita, Argentina, both having different ecological contexts. During new-moon nights we counted the number of burrows and crabs on the surface and along a gradient of artificial light caused by street lighting with high-pressure sodium lamps. We found that the number of crabs on the surface increased with light intensity and that crabs were almost exclusively males. In contrast, we found that the number of burrows was not related to light intensity, suggesting that the increase of crabs on the surface was mainly due to an increase in their activity. We considered two main mechanisms causing the increase on surface activity of crabs: 1) an increase in the frequency of emergence and short-distance excursions around their burrow and 2) an increase of mobility with long-distance directional displacement from dark to lit areas. Overall, our observations suggest that the presence of ALAN can modify individual crab behavior (i.e., aggregation) and consequently effects on ecosystem functioning.
Social Apoptosis in Varroa Mite Resistant Western Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Ihle Kate E , de Guzman Lilia I , Danka Robert G
Published: October 2021

Honey bees are eusocial animals that exhibit both individual and social immune responses, which influence colony health. This is especially well-studied regarding the mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Parasitiformes: Varroidae), a parasite of honey bee brood and disease vector. Varroa was introduced relatively recently to Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and is a major driver of the catastrophic die-off of honey bee colonies in the last decade. In contrast, the original host species, Apis cerana Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is able to survive mite infestations with little effect on colony health and survival. This resilience is due in part to a newly identified social immune response expressed by developing worker brood. Varroa infested female A. cerana brood experience delayed development and eventually die in a process called ‘social apoptosis’. Here, an individual’s susceptibility to Varroa results in colony level resistance. We tested for the presence of the social apoptosis trait in two Varroa resistant stocks of A. mellifera (Pol-line and Russian) with different selection histories and compared them to a known Varroa-susceptible stock (Italian). We assessed the survival and development of worker brood reared in either highly or lightly infested host colonies, then receiving one of three treatments: uninfested, experimentally inoculated with a Varroa mite, or wounded to simulate Varroa damage. We found that response to treatment was only differentiated in brood reared in lightly infested host colonies, where experimentally infested Russian honey bees had decreased survival relative to the mite-susceptible Italian stock. This is the first evidence that social apoptosis can exist in Western honey bee populations.
Realized Semi(co)variation: Signs That All Volatilities are Not Created Equal
Authors: Bollerslev Tim
Published: October 2021

I provide a selective review of recent developments in financial econometrics related to measuring, modeling, forecasting, and pricing “good” and “bad” volatilities based on realized variation type measures constructed from high-frequency intraday data. An especially appealing feature of the different measures concerns the ease with which they may be calculated empirically, merely involving cross-products of signed, or thresholded, high-frequency returns. I begin by considering univariate semivariation measures, followed by multivariate semicovariation and semibeta measures, before briefly discussing even richer partial (co)variation measures. I focus my discussion on practical uses of the measures emphasizing what I consider to be the most noteworthy empirical findings to date pertaining to volatility forecasting and asset pricing.
On the Cyclicality of Real Wages and Employment: New Evidence and Stylized Facts from Performance Pay and Fixed Wage Jobs
Authors: Makridis Christos A , Gittleman Maury
Published: October 2021

Using the National Compensation Survey between 2004 and 2017, we document four stylized facts and quantify cyclical heterogeneity among performance pay (PP) and fixed wage (FW) jobs. First, there is substantial dispersion in the incidence of PP, even within the same occupation; hourly compensation growth in PP jobs has been nearly three-times as large as that in FW jobs; the share of PP is increasing in employer size; the provision of PP is largely a firm-level decision. Second, we find that hourly compensation growth among PP (FW) jobs increases (decreases) in response to state employment growth. Furthermore, FW jobs respond primarily by adjusting the extensive margin of employment. Our estimates are identified off of comparisons of similar jobs within the same establishment over time. These business cycle dynamics are consistent with models that feature heterogeneity in organizational practices, allowing firms to adjust to uncertainty over the business cycle under flexibility in compensation contracts. (JEL J21, J22, J31, E32, M55).
Improving the DNA Barcode Library of Mosquito Species With New Identifications and Discoveries in North-Central Argentina
Authors: Laurito M , Ayala A M , Arias-Builes D L , Almirón W R
Published: October 2021

The family Culicidae is represented by 244 species in Argentina, many of them with epidemiological importance. DNA barcodes are effective tools for identifying mosquito species, for knowing genetic variability, and for establishing phylogenetic relationships. This work aims to explore mosquito diversity employing different species delimitation approaches and to establish formally a DNA barcode library for the Argentinian mosquito fauna. Barcode fragments of 80 specimens of Argentinian mosquitoes of 28 species of the genera Aedeomyia Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae), Anopheles Meigen (Diptera: Culicidae), Coquillettidia Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex L. (Diptera: Culicidae), Haemagogus Williston (Diptera: Culicidae), Mansonia Blanchard (Diptera: Culicidae), Nyssorhynchus Blanchard (Diptera: Culicidae), Ochlerotatus Lynch-Arribálzaga (Diptera: Culicidae), Psorophora Robinneau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Culicidae) and Uranotaenia Lynch-Arribálzaga (Diptera: Culicidae) were sequenced. Another 82 sequences were obtained from public databases to establish the phylogenetic relationships using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, and the species boundaries based on three approaches (ABGD, GMYC, and mPTP). Sixteen of the 28 species sequenced were recovered as monophyletic, of which 12 were also recognized as molecular operational taxonomic units according to the three methodologies. The disparity between morphology and barcode-based identifications could be explained by synonymy, species complexes occurrence, hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, or the effect of the geographical scale of sampling. Twenty of the 28 sequenced species are new barcodes for Argentina and 11 are the first for science. This increases from 31 to 52 (12.7 to 21.31%) and from six to 10 (28.57 to 47.62%) the number of species and genera, respectively, with barcode sequences in Argentina. New species records are provided.
Why Intellectual Disability Poses a Challenge to the Received View of Capacity and a Potential Response
Authors: Graber Abraham , Kreusel Andy
Published: October 2021

While copious quantities of ink have been spilled on the topic of autonomy in the context of health care, little has been written about autonomy in relation to intellectual disability. After presenting the received account of capacity, we argue that it cannot account for the moral permissibility of limiting an individual with intellectual disability’s access to diet soda. In cases of preventative medicine and intellectual disability, the philosophical motivation for the received account of capacity is incompatible with the actions it recommends. We consider and reject several potential solutions; then, drawing on applied behavior analysis and the phenomenon of automatic reinforcement, we propose our own solution. The article concludes by considering the broader implications of our discussion.
Multisided Platform Analysis and Competition Law Enforcement Practice in Brics Countries
Authors: Golovanova Svetlana , Pontual Ribeiro Eduardo
Published: October 2021

As leading businesses organize themselves as two-sided platforms, developed economies competition authorities have adapted their practice. Younger jurisdictions also face the challenge to review and use new analytics. We explore the recent evolution of two-sided platform markets analysis in BRICS countries, focusing on a key point for competition policy enforcement: relevant market definition. The extensive review suggests that the countries have adopted the concepts and analytical practice for two-sided platform relevant market definition at different paces. Differences in competition policy institutional design might account for the heterogeneity. BRICS authorities with broader mandates, that handle larger number of cases, and with no separation between adjudication and investigation have lagged in the adoption of such tools and practices.
Price Premium Requirements for Growing Higher Quality Pine Sawtimber in Even-Aged Systems in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Regmi Arun , Grebner Donald L , Willis John L , Grala Robert K
Published: October 2021

Intensive pine silviculture has become the dominant management paradigm in the southeastern United States. Although productivity has been substantially increased by the combination of cultural, silvicultural, and genetic advancements, wood quality is sometimes sacrificed in intensive silviculture. Extending the optimal rotation allows trees to grow more timber, which may result in the production of better quality sawtimber; however, landowners may require incentives to do so. We simulated loblolly, slash, shortleaf, and longleaf pine for growth and yield using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) to determine sawtimber price premiums landowners would require to offset the costs associated with delaying the final harvest by 10 to 30 years in even-aged systems. Required incentives increased with the length of harvesting delay beyond the financially optimal rotation age. On medium productivity sites, landowners would be willing to delay the final harvest by 10 years for sawtimber price premiums of $5.06/ton (20.47%) for loblolly, $5.34/ton (21.6%) for slash, $4.56/ton (18.45%) for longleaf, and $6.71/ton (27.14%) shortleaf pine, respectively. Harvest delays of 10 to 20 years were financially justifiable, whereas extensions exceeding 30 years were prohibitively costly for all species. Delaying the optimal harvest could benefit landowners by generating a premium price for their sawtimber while providing important ecosystem services.
Commercial Military Actors and Civilian Victimization in Africa, Middle East, Latin America, and Asia, 1980–2011
Authors: Penel Charlotte , Petersohn Ulrich
Published: October 2021

The current international normative order strongly condemns strategies of civilian victimization, and actors engaging in atrocities face material, criminal, and reputational sanctions. The growth of the market for force has raised concerns about clients outsourcing atrocities to commercial military actors (CMAs), such as private military and security companies or mercenaries, and thereby circumventing accountability under international norms. This investigation explores whether interactions on the market for force are associated with an increase in the likelihood of violence against civilians. We argue that there is a variance in market interactions. While some market actors will comply with international norms, others will take advantage and circumvent normative restrictions. The crucial factor determining compliance and noncompliance are costs of norm violation, which vary across market actors. Those clients and CMAs with a higher exposure to sanctions, or an interest in the status quo of the normative order, are less likely to be associated with norm violations, and vice versa. We test our claims using a negative binomial regression and by drawing on new data from the Commercial Military Actor Dataset, which records contracting for force and force-related services. Overall, we found that there is a market segment where actors use market relations to circumvent international norms, yet mostly market interactions appear to comply with international norms.
A Survey to Assess Serological Prevalence of Poliovirus Antibodies in Areas With High-Risk for Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Transmission in Chad
Authors: Gamougam Kadidja , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Jones Kathryn A V , Mainou Bernardo A , Palmer Tess , Diaha Aissata , Wiesen Eric , Ntezayabo Benoit , Ayangma Richelot , Soke Norbert Gnakub , Samba Dhoud , Okiror Samuel , Mach Ondrej
Published: October 2021

Background

World Health Organization African region is wild poliovirus-free; however, outbreaks of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) continue to expand across the continent including in Chad. We conducted a serological survey of polio antibodies in polio high-risk areas of Chad to assess population immunity against poliovirus and estimate the risk of future outbreaks.

Methods

This was a community-based, cross-sectional survey carried out in September 2019. Children between 12 and 59 months were randomly selected using GIS enumeration of structures. Informed consent, demographic and anthropometric data, vaccination history, and blood spots were collected. Seropositivity against all 3 poliovirus serotypes was assessed using a microneutralization assay at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Results

Analyzable data were obtained from 236 out of 285 (82.8%) enrolled children. Seroprevalence of polio antibodies for serotypes 1, 2, and 3 was 214/236 (90.7%); 145/236 (61.4%); and 196/236 (86.2%), respectively. For serotype 2, the seroprevalence significantly increased with age (P = .004); chronic malnutrition was a significant risk factor for being type 2-seronegative.

Interpretation

Poliovirus type 2 seroprevalence in young children was considered insufficient to protect against the spread of paralytic diseases caused by VDPV2. Indeed, VDPV2 outbreaks were reported from Chad in 2019 and 2020. High-quality immunization response to these outbreaks is needed to prevent further spread.
Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the Modern Era
Authors: Melvin Ann J , Mohan Kathleen M , Vora Surabhi B , Selke Stacy , Sullivan Erin , Wald Anna
Published: October 2021

Background

Over the past several decades, there have been advances in diagnosis and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. There has been no recent comprehensive evaluation of the impact of these advances on the management and outcomes for neonates with HSV.

Methods

Clinical data for initial presentation, treatment, and outcomes were abstracted from medical records of neonates with HSV treated at Seattle Children’s Hospital between 1980 and 2016.

Results

One hundred thirty infants with a diagnosis of neonatal HSV were identified. Between 1980 and 2016, high-dose acyclovir treatment for neonatal HSV infection increased from 0% to close to 95%, with subsequent decrease in overall HSV-related mortality from 20.9% to 5.6%. However, even among infants treated with high-dose acyclovir, mortality was 40.9% for infants with disseminated (DIS) disease, and only 55% of infants with central nervous system (CNS) disease were without obvious neurologic abnormalities at 24 months. Over the study period, the time between initial symptoms and diagnosis decreased. Skin recurrences were more common with HSV-2 than HSV-1 (80% vs 55%; P = .02) and in infants with lesions at initial diagnosis (76% vs 47%; P = .02).

Conclusion

Changes in the standard of care for management of neonatal HSV disease have led to improvements in timeliness of diagnosis and outcome but mortality in infants with DIS disease and neurologic morbidity in infants with CNS disease remain high. Future research should focus on prevention of perinatal infection and subsequent recurrences.
Emotions as Causal Mechanisms and Strategic Resources for Action in the Study of Professions, Professionals, and Professional Service Firms
Authors: Lelasseux Laure , Lander Michel W , Barbulescu Roxana
Published: October 2021

Professions are imbued with values that form the core of a professional’s identity. When professionals are faced with internal or external contradictions or affirmations of this identity, positive and negative emotions ensue, often fostering agency. While most research on professions focuses on cognitive and structural arguments to explain professional agency, we show the added benefit of examining emotions as (1) causal mechanisms fostering action and (2) strategic resources for action. We illustrate these ideas with data from a field study on French doctors specializing in reproductive medicine and dealing with the restrictive regulation on assisted medical procreation. We identify six research areas that would benefit from an explicit focus on emotions and suggest specific research questions and directions for future work for each.
Surgical management of atrial-esophageal fistula as a complication of atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Duda Amber , Beers Kevin , Mitiek Mohi
Published: October 2021

Atrial-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare, but life-threatening complication of ablative treatments for atrial fibrillation. Although the incidence of this complication is low, the mortality is very high. There are many surgical approaches to this disease but we offer a novel technique to reduce the number of incisions used and provides central cannulation. It also allows for repair of both the esophagus and atrium and buttresses these repairs, which have both been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality. The technique has been successful in our three patients and can be considered as an approach to surgical management of AEF.
Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine after 6 months
Authors: Ponticelli Domenico , Antonazzo Ippazio C , Caci Grazia , Vitale Andrea , Della Ragione Giovanni , Romano Maria L , Borrelli Mario , Schiavone Beniamino , Polosa Riccardo , Ferrara Pietro
Published: October 2021

This sero-survey describes the level and time-trend of antibodies elicited by BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months. A strong seroconversion was seen at 30-day serology, with persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG through 6 months from vaccination. However, the level of vaccine-induced antibodies started to decrease from the second month.
Does the politics matter? Legal and political economy analysis of contracting decisions in Ghana’s upstream oil and gas industry
Authors: Stephens Thomas Kojo , Acheampong Theophilus
Published: October 2021

Ghana is often cited as one of Africa’s most stable democracies. Since 2004, the country has awarded 18 petroleum agreements to various international oil companies (IOCs) and their local partners to explore for hydrocarbons in its offshore basins. In 2010, Ghana became an oil-producing country following earlier commercial discoveries in 2007. Nevertheless, the likelihood of the Ghanaian State getting its fair share of petrodollar revenues primarily depends on its ability to negotiate good petroleum contracts and effectively regulate the industry. This article examines the legal and political economy factors that influence contract outcomes in Ghana’s oil and gas industry. It sheds light on how the inner workings of the political economy, especially in a competitive clientelist setup involving intense electoral competition between two dominant parties in an emerging oil-producing country, influence contractual outcomes—an area less explored in the literature. We find that the country's emerging oil and gas industry has become deeply intertwined with the pervasive, entrenched and clientelist multi-party politics of the day. As such, entrenched rentier social groups—business and political elites—have sometimes sabotaged institutional reform to create conditions that favour rent capture. This is evident, for example, in the award of oil and gas licensing and other supply chain contracts. Ghana’s post-1992 ‘winner takes all’ political mindset and the perceived big financial bonanzas the oil industry offers, resulted in suspicions of impropriety regarding the award of some oil acreages. We argue that if the laws were allowed to work, as they should in practice, Ghana’s oil and gas industry would be better regulated, and better outcomes would arise from the contracting process. Discretionary power should be limited as much as possible and, where granted, subject to a high level of scrutiny.
Truth tables for modal logics T and S4, by using three-valued non-deterministic level semantics
Authors: Grätz Lukas
Published: October 2021

Novel three-valued non-deterministic level semantics for modal logics $\textbf {T}$ and $\textbf {S4}$ are presented. A criterion for partial level valuations is given, making it possible to create truth tables. Additionally, semantics and truth tables for $\textbf {0}$ (defined as $\textbf {PC}$ plus rule of necessitation) and $\textbf {0T}$ with only two values are based on Ivlev’s work. We need Kearns’ notion of level valuations: a generalization of Dugundji’s theorem shows that there is no non-deterministic semantics for modal logics up to $\textbf {S5}$, containing the rule of necessitation.
Wind-luminosity evolution in NLS1 AGN 1H 0707−495
Authors: Xu Yerong , Pinto Ciro , Bianchi Stefano , Kosec Peter , Parker Michael L , Walton Dominic J , Fabian Andrew C , Guainazzi Matteo , Barret Didier , Cusumano Giancarlo
Published: October 2021

Ultrafast outflows (UFOs) have been detected in the high-quality X-ray spectra of a number of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with fairly high accretion rates and are thought to significantly contribute to the AGN feedback. After a decade of dedicated study, their launching mechanisms and structure are still not well understood, but variability techniques may provide useful constraints. In this work therefore we perform a flux-resolved X-ray spectroscopy on a highly accreting and variable NLS1 AGN, 1H 0707−495, using all archival XMM–Newton observations to study the structure of the UFO. We find that the wind spectral lines weaken at higher luminosities, most likely due to an increasing ionization parameter as previously found in a few similar sources. Instead, the velocity is anticorrelated with the luminosity, which is opposite to the trend observed in the NLS1 IRAS 13224−3809. Furthermore, the detection of the emission lines, which are not observed in IRAS 13224−3809, indicates a wind with a larger opening angle in 1H 0707−495, presumably due to a higher accretion rate. The emitting gas is found to remain broadly constant with the luminosity. We describe the variability of the wind with a scenario where the strong radiation extends the launch radius outwards and shields the outer emitting gas, similarly to super-Eddington compact objects, although other possible explanations are discussed. Our work provides several hints for a multiphase outflow in 1H 0707−495.
Pulsating subdwarf B stars in the oldest open cluster NGC 6791
Authors: Sanjayan S , Baran A S , Ostrowski J , Németh P , Pelisoli I , Østensen R , Kern J W , Reed M D , Sahoo S K
Published: October 2021

We report results of our analysis of the Kepler superaperture LC data of the open cluster NGC 6791 to search for pulsating sdB stars. We checked all pixels and we found only three sdB stars to be pulsating, KIC 2569576 (B3), KIC 2438324 (B4), and KIC 2437937 (B5). These stars were known to be pulsators before, though we extended data coverage detecting more frequencies and features in their amplitude spectra, i.e. new multiplets and more complete period spacing sequences that we used for identifying geometry of the pulsation modes. The multiplet splittings were also used to derive rotation periods. The remaining known sdBs do not show any pulsation-related light variation down to our detection thresholds. We analysed already existing spectroscopic observations taken with the HECTOSPEC at the MMT telescope in Smithsonian Arizona and with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph at the Gemini North telescope, and fitted atmospheric parameters using the Balmer lines. Four stars, B3 – B6, show atmospheric parameters that are consistent with g-mode dominated sdBs. We detected hints of radial velocity variability in B3, B5, and B6, indicating these three stars may be in binaries.
Uncloaking hidden repeating fast radio bursts with unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Chen Bo Han , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Goto Tomotsugu , Kim Seong Jin , Santos Daryl Joe D , On Alvina Y L , Lu Ting-Yi , Hsiao Tiger Y-Y
Published: October 2021

The origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs), astronomical transients with millisecond time-scales, remain unknown. One of the difficulties stems from the possibility that observed FRBs could be heterogeneous in origin; as some of them have been observed to repeat, and others have not. Due to limited observing periods and telescope sensitivities, some bursts may be misclassified as non-repeaters. Therefore, it is important to clearly distinguish FRBs into repeaters and non-repeaters, to better understand their origins. In this work, we classify repeaters and non-repeaters using unsupervised machine learning, without relying on expensive monitoring observations. We present a repeating FRB recognition method based on the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). The main goals of this work are to: (i) show that the unsupervised UMAP can classify repeating FRB population without any prior knowledge about their repetition, (ii) evaluate the assumption that non-repeating FRBs are contaminated by repeating FRBs, and (iii) recognize the FRB repeater candidates without monitoring observations and release a corresponding catalogue. We apply our method to the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) data base. We found that the unsupervised UMAP classification provides a repeating FRB completeness of 95 per cent and identifies 188 FRB repeater source candidates from 474 non-repeater sources. This work paves the way to a new classification of repeaters and non-repeaters based on a single epoch observation of FRBs.
Models for metal-poor stars with different initial abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. II. Application to the colour–magnitude diagrams of the globular clusters 47 Tuc, NGC 6362, M 5, M 3, M 55, and M92
Authors: VandenBerg Don A , Casagrande Luca , Edvardsson Bengt
Published: October 2021

Stellar models for −2.5 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤−0.5 that have been computed for variations in the C:N:O abundance ratio (for two different values of [CNO/Fe]) are compared with HST Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) observations of the globular clusters (GCs) 47 Tuc, NGC 6362, M 5 M 3, M 55, and M 92. The bolometric corrections (BCs) used to transpose the models to the observed planes are based on new MARCS synthetic spectra that incorporate improved treatments of molecules that involve atoms of C, N, and O. On the assumption of well-supported distance moduli and reddenings, isochrones for [O/Fe] = 0.6 and [m/Fe] = 0.4 for the other α elements, which are favoured by binary stars in GCs, generally reproduce the main features of observed colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) to within ∼0.03 mag. In particular, they appear to match the spreads in the observed (MF336W − MF438W)0 colours that are spanned by CN-weak and CN-strong stars along the lower giant branch quite well, but not the bluest giants, which are suspected to be N-poor ([N/Fe] ≲ −0.5). Both the absolute (MF438W − MF606W)0 colours and the variations in these colours at a given MF606W magnitude on the giant branch are difficult to explain unless the reddest stars are C-rich ([C/Fe] ≳ +0.5). Allowing for moderate He abundance variations ($\delta \, Y \sim 0.05$) improves the fits to the observations.
The impact of metallicity-dependent dust destruction on the dust-to-metals ratio in galaxies
Authors: Priestley F D , De Looze I , Barlow M J
Published: October 2021

The ratio of the mass of interstellar dust to the total mass of metals (the dust-to-metals/DTM ratio) tends to increase with metallicity. This can be explained by the increasing efficiency of grain growth in the interstellar medium (ISM) at higher metallicities, with a corollary being that the low DTM ratios seen at low metallicities are due to inefficient stellar dust production. This interpretation assumes that the efficiency of dust destruction in the ISM is constant, whereas it might be expected to increase at low metallicity; the decreased cooling efficiency of low-metallicity gas should result in more post-shock dust destruction via thermal sputtering. We show that incorporating a sufficiently strong metallicity dependence into models of galaxy evolution removes the need for low stellar dust yields. The contribution of stellar sources to the overall dust budget may be significantly underestimated, and that of grain growth overestimated, by models assuming a constant destruction efficiency.
Modular Evolution of theDrosophilaMetabolome
Authors: Harrison Benjamin R , Hoffman Jessica M , Samuelson Ariana , Raftery Daniel , Promislow Daniel E L
Published: October 2021

Comparative phylogenetic studies offer a powerful approach to study the evolution of complex traits. Although much effort has been devoted to the evolution of the genome and to organismal phenotypes, until now relatively little work has been done on the evolution of the metabolome, despite the fact that it is composed of the basic structural and functional building blocks of all organisms. Here we explore variation in metabolite levels across 50 My of evolution in the genus Drosophila, employing a common garden design to measure the metabolome within and among 11 species of Drosophila. We find that both sex and age have dramatic and evolutionarily conserved effects on the metabolome. We also find substantial evidence that many metabolite pairs covary after phylogenetic correction, and that such metabolome coevolution is modular. Some of these modules are enriched for specific biochemical pathways and show different evolutionary trajectories, with some showing signs of stabilizing selection. Both observations suggest that functional relationships may ultimately cause such modularity. These coevolutionary patterns also differ between sexes and are affected by age. We explore the relevance of modular evolution to fitness by associating modules with lifespan variation measured in the same common garden. We find several modules associated with lifespan, particularly in the metabolome of older flies. Oxaloacetate levels in older females appear to coevolve with lifespan, and a lifespan-associated module in older females suggests that metabolic associations could underlie 50 My of lifespan evolution.
Clinical course of COVID-19 infection in paediatric familial Mediterranean fever patients
Authors: Kaya Akca Ummusen , Sener Seher , Balık Zeynep , Gurlevik Sibel , Oygar Pembe Derin , Atalay Erdal , Cuceoglu Muserref Kasap , Basaran Ozge , Batu Ezgi Deniz , Teksam Ozlem , Bilginer Yelda , Ozsurekci Yasemin , Ozen Seza
Published: October 2021

Objective

To evaluate the course of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection in paediatric familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients and to investigate the risk factors for COVID-19 infection.

Methods

Medical records of 100 consecutive paediatric FMF patients and their COVID-19 infection status were evaluated. Age- and gender-matched control group consisted of 51 patients with positive results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Results

Twenty-five of 100 paediatric FMF patients were detected to have COVID-19 infection. A history of contact with a COVID-19 case was present in ∼95% of patients in both the FMF and control groups with COVID-19 infection. Asymptomatic infection was detected in two patients in the paediatric FMF group (8.0%) and 17 patients in the control group (33.3%) (P = .017). Mild disease was observed in 23 paediatric FMF patients (92.0%) and 28 control patients (54.9%) (P = .001), whereas moderate disease was present in only 6 control patients (11.7%) (0 vs 11.7%, P = .074). Severe or critical disease was not observed in any patients.

Conclusion

Paediatric FMF patients receiving colchicine had no moderate COVID-19 disease compared to the control group. We suggest that colchicine use may tune down the severity of the disease even if it does not prevent COVID-19 infection.
ProteomicsDB: toward a FAIR open-source resource for life-science research
Authors: Lautenbacher Ludwig , Samaras Patroklos , Muller Julian , Grafberger Andreas , Shraideh Marwin , Rank Johannes , Fuchs Simon T , Schmidt Tobias K , The Matthew , Dallago Christian , Wittges Holger , Rost Burkhard , Krcmar Helmut , Kuster Bernhard , Wilhelm Mathias
Published: October 2021

ProteomicsDB (https://www.ProteomicsDB.org) is a multi-omics and multi-organism resource for life science research. In this update, we present our efforts to continuously develop and expand ProteomicsDB. The major focus over the last two years was improving the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability (FAIR) of the data as well as its implementation. For this purpose, we release a new application programming interface (API) that provides systematic access to essentially all data in ProteomicsDB. Second, we release a new open-source user interface (UI) and show the advantages the scientific community gains from such software. With the new interface, two new visualizations of protein primary, secondary and tertiary structure as well an updated spectrum viewer were added. Furthermore, we integrated ProteomicsDB with our deep-neural-network Prosit that can predict the fragmentation characteristics and retention time of peptides. The result is an automatic processing pipeline that can be used to reevaluate database search engine results stored in ProteomicsDB. In addition, we extended the data content with experiments investigating different human biology as well as a newly supported organism.
The PRIDE database resources in 2022: a hub for mass spectrometry-based proteomics evidences
Authors: Perez-Riverol Yasset , Bai Jingwen , Bandla Chakradhar , García-Seisdedos David , Hewapathirana Suresh , Kamatchinathan Selvakumar , Kundu Deepti J , Prakash Ananth , Frericks-Zipper Anika , Eisenacher Martin , Walzer Mathias , Wang Shengbo , Brazma Alvis , Vizcaíno Juan Antonio
Published: October 2021

The PRoteomics IDEntifications (PRIDE) database (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/) is the world's largest data repository of mass spectrometry-based proteomics data. PRIDE is one of the founding members of the global ProteomeXchange (PX) consortium and an ELIXIR core data resource. In this manuscript, we summarize the developments in PRIDE resources and related tools since the previous update manuscript was published in Nucleic Acids Research in 2019. The number of submitted datasets to PRIDE Archive (the archival component of PRIDE) has reached on average around 500 datasets per month during 2021. In addition to continuous improvements in PRIDE Archive data pipelines and infrastructure, the PRIDE Spectra Archive has been developed to provide direct access to the submitted mass spectra using Universal Spectrum Identifiers. As a key point, the file format MAGE-TAB for proteomics has been developed to enable the improvement of sample metadata annotation. Additionally, the resource PRIDE Peptidome provides access to aggregated peptide/protein evidences across PRIDE Archive. Furthermore, we will describe how PRIDE has increased its efforts to reuse and disseminate high-quality proteomics data into other added-value resources such as UniProt, Ensembl and Expression Atlas.