bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The current state of macrozoobenthos of some small reservoirs the North Kazakhstan region
Authors: Kovalyova L.
Published: August 2020

Awareness of ecosystem integrity increases the relevance of collecting information on the biodiversity of water bodies of various types. The episodic nature of studies of small water bodies, along with the high variability of their hydrological, hydrochemical, and morphometric parameters, is the reason for the lack of a full assessment of the state of biota. The current paper provides information on macrozoobenthos of four small water bodies in the North Kazakhstan region. The study revealed 59 representatives with a predominance of insects in the benthofauna. Bottom complexes of shallow temporary water bodies were characterized by a wider spectrum with a greater proportion of insects relative to similar variables for lake Big Koskol. The basis was composed by species adapted to fluctuations of water availability, which led to a relatively stable state of biocenoses against the background of a significant range of quantitative characteristics of zoobenthos. More abundant development of benthic invertebrates highlighted in the lake Bolshoy Koskol (with the dominance of amphipods) and in the temporary water body T26 (with the predominance of insects). By the size of the average annual zoobenthos biomass — 29–31.5 g / m2 — the mentioned above water bodies were classified as highly productive. The level of development of benthic organisms in water bodies T20–T14, where Vermes were the leaders in biomass assessed as increased productive and moderate productive (10.3–3.1 g/m2 respectively). A low faunistic similarity of macrozoobenthos was noted, indicating the originality of the benthic complexes of the studied water body, which once again emphasizes the role of small water body in maintaining the biodiversity of the ecosystem. Relatively high structural variables of benthocenoses indicate a stable ecological state of bottom communities. The abundance of zoobenthos creates the prerequisites for the utilization of the studied and similar water bodies for organizing amateur — sport fishery and the extraction of feed used in aquarium fish farming
Analysis of the rates of development and growth of Brachymystax lenok Savinovi during artificial reproduction by the industrial method
Authors: Assylbekova S. , Badryzlova N. , Kushnikova L.
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of the first research on artificial reproduction in industrial conditions of the endemic, narrow-areal subspecies of Brachymystax lenok Savinovi, which lives in lake Markakol, East Kazakhstan region. The indicators of the heat sum characteristic for each stage of development, the rate of development and growth of the Markakolsky lenok from the moment of pre-breeding to late juveniles are described. To develop technological approaches for artificial fish reproduction, one of the most important points is to determine the optimal conditions for each stage and assess the risks (loss of fish products). At the stage of insemination and transportation of eggs to the place of incubation, the loss was 50 %. The largest losses of fish products were registered during the incubation stage. The most painlessly passed the period of holding and lifting on the float, where the loss was only 3 %. When growing pre-larvae and larvae in the pool, the daily waste did not exceed 1 %. Small-sized animals that were unable to adapt to artificial feeds fell into the waste. Losses during this period amounted to 15 % of the previous stage. In General, the yield of juveniles from the moment of fertilization to the end of the experiment was 16 %. The crucial factor in the development and growth of Lenok Markakolosky is the temperature regime. For the period of embryonic development, the most favorable water temperature is 7–8 °C. From the moment of hatching, the water temperature must be increased to 10–12 °C, and the optimal temperature for the cage growing of fingerlings varies from 12 to 14 °C.
Typical errors and violations of biotechnics of artificial breeding of pacific salmon. Part 1
Authors: Grinberg E.
Published: August 2020

The article contains and summarizes typical biotechnical errors and violations that are made on a daily and routine basis by fish breeders. Deviations from the biological basis of fish breeding are also shown and possible consequences of such errors or violations are predicted. Their correction, prevention or minimization of consequences, will significantly improve the quality of sexual products and offspring from producers, increase the linear and weight gain of juveniles during rearing, improve the feed payment coefficient, reduce the time of rearing, improve the epizootic situation by developing immunity in fry and mobilizing other protective reactions of their body, significantly reduce waste at all stages of the production process, increasing the survival rate of fry by 10–15 %.
Experimental works on factory reproduction of tench (Tinca tinca L.) in the Saratov region
Authors: Maslyakov Viktor , Legkodimova Zinaida , Sil’nikova Galina , Kiyashko Vladimir , Alexandrov Yan
Published: August 2020

Currently, the practice of artificial reproduction of tench in fish farms is extremely limited. This is based on the lack of effective methods of its factory reproduction. The purpose of our research was to develop biotechnical elements that optimize artificial reproduction of tench in the conditions of the Saratov region. The objects of research were producers of tench caught in the Volgograd reservoir by water nets. In total of 25 specimens were caught and pre-planted in trays tench producers, including 15 specimens females weighing from 750 to 1555 g and 10 specimens males — from 673 to 1055 g. Two schemes were used to stimulate puberty in female tench with the acetonated pituitary gland of the carp. The first group of females was injected with pituitary solution twice: a preliminary dose of 0.6 mg/kg; allowing — 6 mg/kg of body weight with an interval between injections of 12 hours. The second group of females was injected once with a pituitary dose of 15 mg/kg. The best indicators in the production of ovulated oocytes were shown by females who were injected twice, and in this group an additional second portion of a small amount of eggs was obtained. Male tench were injected once with a pituitary dose of 3 mg/kg. According to the time of injection, the males were divided into two groups: the first group was injected with the pituitary gland simultaneously with the pre — injection of the females; the second — at a resolution. The best results in terms of ejaculate volume were obtained in the first group (0.5–0.6 ml). From the second group of males, the volume of seminal fluid was 0.3–0.4 ml. Methods for the desticking of fertilized eggs using the proteolytic enzyme alkalase and tannin are investigated. The proteolytic enzyme showed a well-defined decongestant activity, but during the incubation of eggs, the shells of shell eggs burst and at the time of hatching single instances of larvae were observed. More stable results on hatching of larvae were obtained with the use of tannin, as a degumming substance.
Hypothermic storage of sturgeon sperm: methodology and ongoing history
Authors: Isaev Dmitry
Published: August 2020

Hypothermic storage of sperm in a liquid state without freezing, without the use of either liquid nitrogen or dry ice as well as special cryological equipment is an interesting and attractive research line in reproductive biology in terms of practical application. Historically, hypothermia is the very first approach to the preservation of genetic material, but, despite this, the methods of hypothermic storage of gametes and embryos have not received proper development and application in animal husbandry, giving way to cryopreservation. One of the main reasons for this is the high species-specific resistance to cold storage. The technologies for hypothermic storage of sperm existing today and recommended for use in fish farming and in sturgeon breeding in particular are still not effective enough and require further improvement. This short review outlines the history of the development of technologies for the hypothermic storage of sturgeon sperm, considers a number of methodological approaches, concepts and ideas behind these developments. The male reproductive system in sturgeons, the structure and physiology of spermatozoa have a number of features that distance them from teleost fishes, but partly relate to amphibians and higher vertebrates. This made it possible to apply to sturgeons some successful approaches and achievements in the development of methods for hypothermic storage of mammalian (mouse and human) sperm. Thus, the most effective and possibly promising approach is partial or complete replacement of seminal plasma with salt-free isotonic solutions based on sugars (oligosaccharides) and albumin. The purpose of this review is to draw the attention of fish farmers and researchers to developments and advances in hypothermic sperm storage.
Formation and development of diplomatic and trade economic cooperation between Russia and Central American countries
Authors: Torshin M. , Gerasimova Y.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the relations of Russia with the regional association Central American Integration System (Spanish: SICA). The features of formation and development of Russia's integration policy in SICA are briefly revealed. The positive dynamics of this process is traced. The most promising areas for the future cooperation are identified.
Capitulation of military Japan
Authors: Altunin S.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the end of the Second World War. It examines the reasons for the USSR's entry into the war against Japan despite the previously signed Neutrality Pact, the terms of surrender, and also shows the decisive role of the Soviet Armed Forces in achieving victory over Japanese militarism.
Long echo of the soviet-japanese war 1945
Authors: Grishaeva L.
Published: August 2020

The author writes about the inadmissibility of revising the main results of the Second World War, the consequences of which are really felt in the 21st century. On the role of the USSR in the Victory in World War II. About the factual non-recognition by Japan of the results of World War II. About the reasons for the lack of a peace treaty between Russia and Japan so far. On the existence of territorial contradictions between our states. On linking Japan with the problem of concluding a peace treaty with territorial claims against Russia. On opposing views on the history of the conclusion, observance and annulment of the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact of 1941. On attempts to blame the USSR for the ''unlawful'' entry into the war against Japan in 1945. Why is this happening, why Japan never attacked the USSR during the Second World War, what are the results of the war and what are their consequences, this article is devoted to the consideration of these fundamentally important issues.
Japan-U. S. alliance: problems and prospects
Authors: Krasnova Т.
Published: August 2020

The Japan-U. S. alliance has existed for 60 years. The article discusses the problems faced by the alliance nowadays, as well as the prospects for its further development.
TNCs of Japan and ASEAN: current development trends, cooperation and competitive potential in the 21st century
Authors: Mischenko Ya.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes modern investment strategies in the global markets of transnational corporations in Japan and South-East Asia. The author, based on offi cial UNCTAD data, comes to the conclusion that the volumes of total and foreign assets of corporations of these countries diff er — Japanese TNCs have hundreds of billions of dollars, while South Asian TNCs have tens of billions of dollars. However, this does not directly aff ect the geographical scope of their corporations — in both cases, the transnationalization of entrepreneurship has not only a regional but also a global scope. However, the scope of activities of TNCs in Japan and Southeast Asia is somewhat diff erent-historically, Japanese TNCs are most successfully developing in the segments of automotive, household appliances and electronics, while modern TNCs from Southeast Asia occupy niches in the restaurant business, food and beverage production, construction and real estate. It is revealed that business in Singapore and Malaysia has reached the largest scale of transnationalization in Southeast Asia, i.e. the transnationalization of entrepreneurship is developing very unevenly in the subregion.
Functioning of foreign exchange markets in modern conditions
Authors: Kravchenko Yu.
Published: August 2020

In the article the author considers the dynamics of average daily foreign exchange market turnover. It is revealed that the evolution of foreign exchange trading volumes continues to be dominated mostly by fi nancial institutions’ motives as opposed to needs arising directly from real economic activity. Geographical distribution and structure of average daily foreign exchange market turnover by foreign exchange instrument, counterparty, currency, currency pairs, location of transactions are analyzed. At end of the article, the author concludes that the process of internationalization of world economic relations is slowing down.
The PRC, 1980-2010s: main trends in macroeconomic, financial and social development
Authors: Meliantsev V. , Matiunina L.
Published: August 2020

The paper, based on a series of indices and new data, as well as author’s computations and models, critically evaluates main achievements and costs of the PRC’s impressive economic growth during the last 40 years. It analyzes and reassesses dimensions, key factors and consequences of Chinese economic breakthrough for the global economy.
Key technologies of the modern digital economy
Authors: Rodigina N. , Moleva S. , Logina M. , Musikhin V.
Published: August 2020

This article is devoted to digitalization as a challenge of the modern world economy. The digital revolution has changed our lives and societies with unprecedented speed and scale, providing huge opportunities as well as daunting challenges. New technologies can make a significant contribution to achieving sustainable development goals, but positive results should not be taken for granted.
The pandemic is delaying solutions to the most pressing problems of global trade while creating new challenges
Authors: Portanskiy A.
Published: August 2020

The article raises the question of the role of Global economic regulation institutions, in particular, the WTO after the Covid-19 pandemic. The author considers the aggravated modern problems of the WTO, and focuses on the crisis of the Organization that arose in December 2019 in connection with the suspension of the appellate body functioning in the WTO dispute settlement system. The author also tries to identify new challenges of the XXI century for the Global economy, regulatory institutions, as well as for Russia.
Effectiveness of mediation in the export activities of russian small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Balakirev V.
Published: August 2020

The article considers intermediary activities in the fi eld of foreign trade operations. The analysis of the types of mediation according to the international model ISCRMUNECE, which in turn are correlated with existing types of mediation in Russian practice, is carried out. With today’s changes in the global economy, mediation is becoming increasingly important when working with small and medium enterprises. In this regard, the author determines the possibility of assessing the eff ectiveness of participation of intermediary structures for SMEs in export-import operations.
Stimulating the economy in the Republic of Korea in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Korgun I. , Sutyrin S.
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the measures of the government of the Republic of Korea to overcome the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows what programs are being adopted to stabilize the social situation, normalize business activity and create conditions for the development of new sectors of the economy. An attempt is also made to suggest how relations with foreign economic partners may change in the post-tandem period.
Creative economy: foreign experience
Authors: Rodigina N. , Logina M. , Musikhin V. , Shabunin V.
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the topic of the creative economy and its role in modern world trade. The study analyzes quantitative indicators, provides a comparative analysis of creative industries in the regional breakdown, highlights and describes the characteristics of current trends. Special attention is paid to the experience of Germany and China as leaders in the development of creative industries of the national economy.
Reaping Demographic Dividend in Bangladesh: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Roy Mallika , Kayesh Md. Safiullah
Published: August 2020

Demographic change in Bangladesh is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working ages, Bangladesh finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependents. If working-age people can be productively employed, Bangladesh’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labor supply, savings, and economic growth underpin this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in Bangladesh. Policy choices can potentiate Bangladesh’s realization of economic benefits stemming from demographic change. Failure to take advantage of the opportunities inherent in demographic change can lead to economic stagnation.
Cervical Cancer Risk Factors: Classification and Mining Associations
Authors: Islam Arif- Ul- , Ripon Shamim H. , Bhuiyan Nuruddin Qaisar
Published: August 2020

Women of all over the world suffer from a common cancer, named Cervical cancer. Cervical cancer cellsgrow slowly at the cervix. This cancer can be avoided if it is recognized and handled in its first stage. Now it is a keychallenge for Medical experts to identify such cancer before it develops extremely. Nowadays, data mining modelsare popularly used to extract hidden patterns from huge medical dataset. This paper introduces data miningtechinques for classification and finding associations in order to detect Cervical cancer at early stage. Afterpreprocessing, the dataset was tested on Decision Tree, Random Forest, Logistic Model Tree and Artificial NeuralNetwork. These methods achieve considerable success in case of both K-fold cross validations and randomly splitdataset. Association rules has been established for detecting comparatively riskier factors which are moreresponsible for cancer development. The proposed methodology can help Medical experts to conduct their researchon Cervical cancer.
Elektromanyetik Silah Matlab/Simulink Modeli
Authors: GULER Hasan , YASUL Mehmet Fatih
Published: August 2020

Roket ve barut teknolojilerinin pahalılığı, mühimmata getirdiği ek yük, ve dünya genelin de sınırlı bulunması gibi pek çok nedenden dolayı savunma sanayisinde farklı silah ve mühimmat teknolojileri geliştirilmektedir. Her geçen gün kullanım alanı artan elektromanyetik kuvvet, bu çalışmada bir silah mekanizmasına entegre edilerek bir cisme (mermiye) uygulanıp cismin atılması için gerekli olan itici gücü sağlamaktadır. Yüksek güçlü elektromanyetik silah mekanizması, güç kaynağından aldığı potansiyel elektrik enerjisini manyetik alan yardımıyla kinetik enerjiye dönüştürerek mermiye itme kuvveti oluşturarak yüksek hızda atış yapılmasına imkan vermektedir. Günümüzde savunma sanayi teknolojilerinde yerini almaya başlayan elektromanyetik silah için geleceğin önemli silah türlerinden biri olacağı söylenebilir. Elektromanyetik silah da merminin itilmesi ateşlenmeli bir enerji yerine; daha kontrollü, güvenilir ve kesintisiz bir enerji olan manyetik alan enerjisi yardımıyla sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı elektromanyetik silahın elektriksel devresi yardımıyla davranış modelinin MATLAB Simulink’te mermi hızının, aldığı mesafenin, akımın, kondansatör akımlarının ve sistem bileşenlerinin nasıl davranış sergilediğinin analiz edilmesi ve uygulanabilirliğinin gösterilmesidir.
İnsan Hareketlerinin Tanınması için Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu Tabanlı Topluluk Sınıflandırıcı Yöntemi
Authors: AYDIN İlhan , AŞICI Büşran
Published: August 2020

İnsan hareket tespiti, teknolojinin gelişmesi ile birçok çalışmanın odak noktasıdır. Hareket tespiti çalışmalarını akıllı evler, sağlık sistemleri, izleme ve güvenlik sistemleri, oyun sektörü ve spor gibi alanlarda görebilmekteyiz. Bu çalışmamızda çoğu insanın günlük olarak sıkça yaptıkları yürüme, merdivenden çıkma, merdivenden inme, oturma, ayakta durma ve uzanma aktivitelerini tespit etmek için ivme sensörü verileri kullanılmıştır ve verilerden özellik çıkarımları yapılmıştır. Ortalama alma, karelerin ortalaması, oto korelasyon, frekans spektrumunda tepe değerlerinin ve pozisyonlarının hesaplanması gibi özellikler ivme verilerinin her ekseni için çıkarılmıştır. Birçok çalışmada ivme verileri ile çıkarılan özellikler bir sınıflandırma algoritması ile test edilir. Hareket tespiti için büyük veri kümeleri üzerinde tek bir sınıflandırıcı ile yüksek başarımın elde edilmesi çoğu zaman zordur. Uygulama zaman aralığı değiştiğinde tek bir öğrenme algoritması kullanmak kabul edilebilir bir performans sunmayabilir. Herhangi bir sınıflandırıcı, bir “m” zaman aralığında iyi sonuç verirken farklı bir zaman aralığında iyi sonuç vermeyebilir. Bu sebeple birden fazla sınıflandırıcının uygun şekilde birleştirilmesi ile daha yüksek başarımlar elde edilebilir. Topluluk sınıflandırıcıda, birkaç sınıflandırıcı birlikte son çıkışı oluşturur. Bu yüzden bu çalışmada topluluk seçim yöntemi önerilmiştir ve yöntemde parçacık sürü optimizasyonu tabanlı bir topluluk kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, sınıflandırıcılar bir araya getirilmekte ve sınıflandırma performansını en fazla arttıran en iyi sınıflandırıcı grup otomatik olarak seçilmektedir. Parçacık sürü optimizasyonu ile sınıflandırıcı kombinasyonu yapıldığında başarımın %98’in üzerinde olduğu kanıtlanmıştır.
Stiren-Butadiyen-Stiren İçeriğinin Bitümün Kırılmış Yüzey Morfolojisine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYA ÖZDEMİR Derya
Published: August 2020

Ülkemizde ve dünyada en sık kullanılan polimer katkısı Stiren-Butadiyen-Stiren (SBS), bitümlü malzemelerde moleküller arası çapraz bağlanmaları oluşturmakta ve bu da bitüm yapısında yapısal, kimyasal, reolojik ve morfolojik vb. farklılıklara yol açmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak Polimer Modifiye Bitümün (PMB) kırılmış yüzey morfolojilerinin farklı oranlarda SBS kullanımıyla değişimleri incelenmiştir. Farklı oranlarda SBS kullanımının bitüm içerisindeki şişme oranları Floresan mikroskop (FM) ve Image J Programı kullanılarak araştırılmış ve sonuçlar bitümün çapraz bağ oluşumları ile ilişkilendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ek olarak, numuneler Dönel İnce Film Halinde Isıtma (RTFO) deneyi ve Basınçlı Yaşlandırma Kabı (PAV) kullanılarak uzun dönem yaşlanmaya maruz bırakılmış, moleküller arası bağların zarar görmesi sağlanmış ve bunun yüzey morfolojik görüntüler üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, SBS miktarının %5’den fazla kullanılması durumunda daha yüksek malten içeriğindeki bitümlerin kullanılması gerektiği ve PMB numunelerinin saf bitüme oranla çapraz bağlanmalardan kaynaklı olarak daha pürüzlü kırılmış yüzey morfolojisine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Uzun dönem yaşlandırılan numunelerde ise, moleküller arası bağların zayıflamasından kaynaklı olarak daha pürüzlü kırılmış yüzeyler elde edilmiştir.
Sinirsel Bulanık Ağlarla Asenkron Motorların Algılayıcısız Denetimi
Authors: BAL Cafer , GÖKBULUT Muammer , ATA Fikret
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada, akım gözlemleyici olarak kullanılan sinirsel bulanık ağlarla asenkron motorun (ASM) algılayıcısız hız denetimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Önerilen sinirsel bulanık akım gözlemleyici, akı ve hız tahmini yapmak yerine doğrudan denetleyici olarak kullanılmıştır. Sinirsel bulanık akım gözlemleyici, deneysel verilerle gerçek zamanlı eğitilmiş ve eğitilmiş ağ yapısı kullanılarak farklı çalışma koşullarında denetim sisteminin başarımı test edilmiştir. Sinirsel bulanık ağın eğitimi ve denetim algoritması MATLAB/Simulink ortamında programlanmış ve DSPACE-DS1104 sayısal işaret işlemcisi (Sİİ) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, değişkenlere gerçek zamanlı erişimi sağlayabilen Control Desk Developer yazılımı kullanılarak oluşturulan bir arayüzden elde edilmiştir. Farklı hız ve yük koşullarında elde edilen benzetim ve deneysel sonuçlarla, önerilen algılayıcısız denetim yönteminin başarımı gösterilmiştir.
Bitümlü Sıcak Karışımların Laboratuvar Ortamında Yaşlandırma Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: DURMAZ Çağla , SENGOZ Burak , KAYA ÖZDEMİR Derya , TOPAL Ali , ALMUSAWI Ali
Published: August 2020

Trafik hacmindeki ve dingil yüklerindeki artışlar, tasarım ve yapım hataları, tekerlek izi oluşumu, düşük sıcaklık çatlakları ve yorulma çatlakları gibi bozuklukların artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bitümlü bağlayıcının yaşlanması ile doğrudan ilişkili olan bu deformasyonlar, yollardan beklenen performansı ve yolun öngörülen hizmet ömrünü azaltmaktadır. Yukarıda belirtilen deformasyonlara büyük ölçüde sebep olan yaşlanma, uçucu bileşenlerin kaybı ve oksidasyon nedeniyle asfalt bağlayıcının sertleşmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, National Cooperative Highway Research Program tarafından önerilen yeni laboratuvar ortamında yaşlandırma yöntemi (NCHRP 09-54) ile mevcut standardı (AASHTO R30) karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yaşlanma etkisini incelemek üzere yaşlandırılmamış ve laboratuvar ortamında kısa ve uzun dönem yaşlandırılmış asfalt numuneleri üzerinde dolaylı çekme mukavemeti deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Asfalt numunelerinin yaşlanma seviyeleri daha sonra yaşlanma indeksleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Güneş Enerjisi ile Reyhan Kurutma Sisteminin Tasarlanması, İmalatı, Deneysel İncelenmesi ve Alternatif Yöntemlerle Karşılaştırılması
Authors: KOCA Tarkan , POLAT Merve Nur
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada güneş enerjisi ile reyhan kurutma sistemi tasarlanmış ve imalatı gerçekleştirilerek mor reyhan bitkisi kurutma deneyleri yapılmıştır. Deneyler üç grup şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci grup deneylerde reyhanlar kurutma kabinine konmuş ve sıcaklıklar 45ºC, 50ºC, 55ºC ‘ye ulaştığında sabit tutulmuş ve birer saat aralıklarla kütle ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. İkinci grup deneylerde kurutma makinesinde sıcaklık 45ºC, 50ºC, 55ºC, 60ºC ‘ye ulaştığında sabit tutularak reyhanlar kurutma makinesinin içerisine konmuş ve kuruma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üçüncü grup deneylerde farklı başlangıç kütlesine sahip reyhanlar kurutma kabinine konularak kurumaları sağlanmıştır. Kuruma süreleri 3 ile 7 saat arasında olmuştur. Kurutma işlemlerinin tamamlanmasının ardından kurutulan ürünlerin su aktivitesi ve renk analizi deneyleri yapılmıştır. Kurutulmuş reyhanın nihai nem içeriği %15'in altına düşürülmüştür. Su aktivite değerleri literatürde belirtilen 0,6 değerinin altında bulunmuş ve mikrobiyal büyüme açısından güvenli kabul edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Farklı sıcaklıklarda yapılan deneylerde kuruma süreleri beklendiği gibi bulunmuştur. Renk analizi deneyleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda imalatı gerçekleştirilen bu sistemin başarılı bir şekilde reyhanın kurutulmasına olanak sağladığı görülmüştür.
Kaotik Haritalı Çok Amaçlı Altın Sinüs Algoritmasının Performans Analizi
Authors: ERÖZ Eyüp , TANYILDIZI Erkan
Published: August 2020

Çok amaçlı optimizasyon birden fazla amacı olan kısıtlı veya kısıtsız problemlere uygun çözümler üretme işlemidir. Sezgisel çok amaçlı optimizasyonda global optimuma yakın çözümler elde etmede rastgele üretilen sayı dizesi büyük öneme sahiptir. Rasgele üretilen sayı dizesinin belli bir alanda toplanması, global optimumdan uzaklaşma riskini arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle üretilen sayıların aynı olmaması ve yayılmış bir spektruma sahip olması sezgisel optimizasyon algoritmalarının performansını etkilemektedir. Kaotik haritalar ayrık zamanlı sistemlerdir ve kaotik haritalarla üretilen sayılar geniş bir spektruma sahip olup periyodik değildir. Kaos temelli optimizasyon algoritmaları doğası gereği lokal minimumlardan kaçabilme, hızlı ve esnek olabilme gibi faktörlerden dolayı optimizasyon problemlerinin çözümünde incelemeye değer bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle sezgisel çok amaçlı optimizasyon algoritmalarında, kaotik harita kullanılarak lokal optimuma takılma riskinin azaltılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada kaotik haritaların, yeni ve başarılı olan Çok Amaçlı Altın Sinüs Algoritması (MOGoldSA) üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir.
El self study como catalizador en los procesos formativos de futuros profesores. Aprendizajes a partir del análisis de los artículos publicados en el monográfico de la Revista Iberoamericana de Educación - REDFFORMA
Authors: Hirmas Carolina , Fuentealba Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

La Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos (OEI CHILE) a través de su programa de Desarrollo Profesional de profesores, ha apoyado una red de Formadores de Profesores, Redfforma, que reune a académicos de universidades enfocada en el desarrollo profeisonal de Formadores a través del desarrollo de Self Studies.

Desde 2016 se han completado tres pe´ríodos de investigación en Self Study, identificando los aspectos que los preocupan en relación con sus prácticas formativas, compartiendo sus halazgos con amigos críticos, tanto nacionales como internacionales. Este contexto hasido el lugar para el análisis y discusión de sus supuestos sobre la enseñanza, el rol de la enseñanza y la responsabilidad del modelaje del formador; así como la oportunidad de analizar su visión respecto de la pedagogía, expectativas y creencias de sus estudiantes sobre los objetivos en los procesos formativos.

Este artículo da cuenta del análisis descriptivos de 5 experiencias en este número. 

Las reflexiones que surgen de este trabajo tienen un doble propósito, por un lado, proporcionar una visión comparativa de la evidencia obtenida a través de la experiencia desarrollada por los equipos de investigación; y por otro, explicitar desafíos implicados en la instalación de nuevas practicas formativas para los futuros profesores.
Conceptualizing the Core of “Social Emotional Learning”
Authors: Gehlbach Hunter , Chuter Claire
Published: August 2020

The global pandemic and sudden lack of face-to-face contact between teachers and students has accelerated interest in social-emotional learning (SEL). With greater numbers of people thinking about SEL, more confusion has emerged: How should we conceptualize SEL? Which constructs should be included? We propose a conceptualization of SEL that is anchored in the fundamental psychological needs of students. First, we describe these psychological needs—social connectedness, motivation, and self-regulation—that are prerequisites for optimizing student outcomes. Then, we outline several benefits that we hope this conceptualization offers to researchers and practitioners: clarity with respect to what SEL is and is not, an evaluative tool to help schools select SEL models and curricula, and practical guidance for educators helping students.
Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak n-Heksana Tumbuhan Cakar Ayam (Selaginella plana Hieron)
Authors: Mitamoriska Mitamoriska , Side Sumiati , Salempa Pince
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam ekstrak n-heksana tumbuhan cakar ayam (Selaginella plana Hieron). Penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap yaitu preparasi sampel, maserasi dengan metanol, partisi dengan n-heksana, fraksinasi, pemurnian, dan identifikasi. Isolat diperoleh dalam bentuk kristal jarum berwarna putih dengan titik leleh 128 – 1300C dan memberikan hasil positif pada pereaksi Lieberman-Buchard. Dan spektrum IR isolat menunjukkan adanya gugus -OH (3425,58 cm-1), CH3- dan -CH2- alifatik (2958,80 cm-1; 2929,87 cm-1; 2895,15 cm-1; dan 2866,22 cm-1), C=C alkena (1641,42 cm-1), CH3- dan -CH2- tekuk (1462,04 cm-1 dan 1377,17 cm-1), C-O (1058,92 cm-1), =C-H (962,48 cm-1). Berdasarkan data tersebut disimpulkan bahwa isolat yang diperoleh merupakan golongan steroid.

Kata kunci : Isolasi, Selaginella plana Hieron, Metabolit Sekunder, Steroid

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to isolate and identifed the secondary metabolite compound from n-hexane extract of Cakar Ayam (Selaginella plana Hieron) plants. This research was carried out in several steps, they were preparation of sample, maceration with methanol, partition with n-hexane, fractination, purification, and identification. The isolate obtaned was white crystal needle shaped with melting point to 128-1300C and gave positive respon to the Liebermann-Buchard test. The IR spectrum of the isolate showed the presence of -OH (3425,58 cm-1),CH3- and -CH2- alifatic (2958,80 cm-1; 2929,87 cm-1; 2895,15 cm-1; and 2866,22 cm-1),C=C alkena (1641,42 cm-1),CH3- and -CH2- bending (1462,04 cm-1 and 1377,17 cm-1), C-O (1058,92 cm-1),=C-H (962,48 cm-1). Based on those result, it was concluded that the isolate was a steroid compound.

Keywords : Isolation, Selaginella plana Hieron, Secondary Metabolites, Steroid
Perbandingan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas X SMA Negeri 14 Makassar yang diajar Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT dan STAD (Studi pada Materi Pokok Struktur Atom)
Authors: Rahmatullah Azmi Arimi , Sulastry Taty , Sugiarti Sugiarti
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan aktivitas dan hasil belajar antara peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dan peserta didik yang diajar dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Desain penelitian adalah “Posttest-Only Design”. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan variabel terikatnya yaitu aktivitas dan hasil belajar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas X SMA Negeri 14 Makassar yang terdiri dari 10 kelas dengan jumlah peserta didik 350 orang, sedangkan sampel penelitian adalah kelas X2 sebagai kelas NHT dan kelas X5 sebagai kelas STAD. Data hasil penelitian terhadap aktivitas dan hasil belajar masing-masing diperoleh melalui lembar observasi aktivitas dan tes hasil belajar. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji-t. Berdasarkan masing-masing data diperoleh nilai thitung=3.33>t(0,05;68)=1.99 untuk aktivitas belajar dan thitung=3.14>t(0,05;68)=1.99 untuk hasil belajar. Disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas X SMAN 14 Makassar yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT lebih tinggi dibandingkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD pada meteri struktur atom.

Kata kunci: STAD (Student Team Achievement Devision), aktivitas belajar, hasil belajar.

ABSTRACT

This was a quasi experiment research which aimed to compare the activity and learning achievement between students who was taught by cooperative learning type NHT and who was taught by cooperative learning type STAD. Research design is “Posttest-Only Design”. Independent variable in this research were cooperative learning type NHT and cooperative learning type STAD while dependent variable were learning activity and learning achievement. Population in this research was all classes X of Senior High School 14 Makassar that consisted of 10 classes with the number of students was 350, whereas research sample were class X2 as NHT class and X5 as STAD class. Data of activity and learning achievement were gathered by observation sheet and post-test, respectively. Those datas were analyzed by using t-test. Based on result, tcalculated=3.33>t(0,05;68)=1.99 for learning activity and tcalculated=3.14>t(0,05;68)=1.99 for lerning achievement. It was conclude that students activity and learning achievement grade X of Senior High School 14th Makassar taught by cooperative learning model tpe NHT was highr than cooperative learning model type STAD on atomic structure subject matter.

Keywords: Numbered Head Together, Student Team Achievement Division, learning activity, learning achievement
Peran Akar Kayu Bayur (Pterospermum sp.) Terhadap Fermentasi Nira Aren (Arenga pinnata)
Authors: Mentari Siti Nurlina , Djangi Muhammad Jasri , Sudding Sudding
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran akar kayu bayur terhadap fermentasi nira aren dengan parameter pengukuran yaitu derajat keasaman (pH) dan kadar alkohol. Peran akar kayu bayur (Pterospermum sp.) dapat dilihat dari nilai pH dan kadar alkohol hasil fermentasi nira aren tanpa penambahan akar kayu bayur dengan nira aren menggunakan akar kayu bayur selama proses fermentasi 72 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akar kayu bayur yang ditambahkan pada nira aren berfungsi sebagai pengawet tuak sehingga menyebabkan kadar alkohol hasil fermentasi nira aren bertahan lebih lama pada konsentrasi 4% selama 64 jam serta memperlambat fermentasi alkohol menjadi asam asetat.

Kata kunci: Nira aren (Arenga pinnta), Akar kayu bayur (Pterospermum sp), Fermentasi

ABSTRACT

This research aimed to determine the role of wood root bayur toward the fermentation of sugarpalm nira with measuring parameters, i.e, the degree of acidity (pH) and alcohol content. Role of wood root bayur (Pterospermum sp.) was observed from the pH value and the alcohol content of fermented sugarpalm nira without the addition of wood root bayur compared to the fermented sugarpalm nira using wood root bayur during the 72 hours of fermentation. The results showed that the wood root bayur added to the sugarpalm nira served as nira preservatives, causing the alcohol content of fermented sugarpalm nira last longer at the concentration of 4% for 64 hours and retarding the fermentation of alcohol into acetic acid.

Keywords: Sugarpalm nira (Arenga pinnata), wood root bayur (Pterospermum sp.), fermentation
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII STUDI PADA MATERI POKOK STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI JARINGAN TUMBUHAN
Authors: Andriani Dwi Hardiyanti , Ramlawati Ramlawati , Yunus Sitti Rahma
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan  yaitu: (1) Peningkatan Hasil belajar IPA peserta didik sesudah dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran Konvensional; (2) Hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik sesudah dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran Quantum; (3) Pengaruh model pembelajaran Quantum terhadap Peningkatan  Hasil Belajar IPA Peserta didik.Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-postest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas VIII MTs Muhammadiyah terdiri dari 4 kelas dengan jumlah keseluruhan peserta didik 104 Orang. Sampel penelitian ditentukan secara acak dengan teknik Double random sampling yang dipilih  dari dua kelas. Kelas VIII1 adalah kelas eksperimen yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran  Quantum dan Kelas VIII2 adalah kelas kontrol yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran  konvensional. Kelas pertama adalah kelas VIII2 dengan 26 peserta didik dan kelas kedua adalah VIII2 terdiri dari 26 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Hasil belajar dengan model pembelajaran Quantum pada kelas VIII1 berada pada kategori tinggi; (2) Hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik model pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas VIII2 berada pada kategori rendah; (3) Terjadi pengaruh sesudah dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran Quantum pada kelas VIII2 dibandingkan Hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik sesudah dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas VIII1 dengan peningkatan yang lebih tinggi pada Hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TPS (THINK PAIR SHARE) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 PASIMASUNGGU (STUDI PADA MATERI POKOK PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN)
Authors: Adisti Adisti , Ramlawati Ramlawati , Mun'im Abdul
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) tingkat hasil belajar peserta didik sebelum dan sesudah dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS (Think Pair Share) 2) tingkat hasil belajar peserta didik sebelum dan sesudah dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional 3) ada tidaknya pengaruh positif model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS (Think Pair Share) terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Pasimasunggu. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi experimental dengan populasi seluruh peserta didik kelas VII  yang terdiri dari 90 orang. Sampel sebanyak dua kelas dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik Simple random sampling. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar. Data dianalisis uji statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS (Think Pair Share) terhadap hasil belajar dilakukan uji t. Hasil analisis deskriptif pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai rata-rata 20,10 termasuk dalam kategori tinggi dan untuk kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai hasil belajar dengan rata-rata 19,03 kategori tinggi. Dan untuk analisis statistik inferensial menunjukkan hasil uji hipotesis nilai t hitung 4,64 dan t tabel 1,67 sehingga hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh bahwa ada pengaruh hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS (Think Pair Share) daripada model pembelajaran konvensional.
ANALISIS KESULITAN DALAM PEMEBELAJARAN IPA DI SMP NEGERI LIMBORO
Authors: Saharuddin Saharuddin , Wahab Mawarni
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan penyebab kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh guru mata pelajaran IPA terpadu di SMP Negeri  Limboro. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Deskriptif Kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan metode pengambilan data yakni analisis dokumen dan wawancara. Analisis dokumen dilakukan terkait dengan spesifikasi pendidikan guru IPA terpadu di SMP Negeri Limboro dan analisis hasil belajar peserta didik. Wawancara dilakukan kepada guru dengan menggunakan 8 pertanyaan yang terkait dengan masalah pembelajaran IPA. Hasil penelitian menujukkan kesulitan yang ditemukan dalam pembelajaran IPA di SMP Negeri Limboro secara umum disebabkan oleh dua hal yakni (1) dasar pendidikan guru IPA terpadu yang masih secara khsusu berasal dari pendidikan Biologi dan Pendidikan Fisika dan (2) Kekurangan sarana dan prasarana laboratorium yang menunjang praktikum mata pelajaran IPA. Secara umum solusi yang ditawarkan adalah pemberian pelatihan yang berkaitan dengan kontet IPA terpadu yang setara dengan 30 – 40 sks. Pelatihan seyogaynya diberikan oleh dinas pendidikan terkait disertai dengan identifikasi masalah serupa di kabupaten Polewali Mandar.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GUIDED DISCOVERY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 15 MAKASSAR (MATERI POKOK EKOSISTEM)
Authors: Kurnaeni Nur , Sudarto Sudarto , Ramlawati Ramlawati
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran guided discovery pada meteri ekosistem terhadap peningkatan hail belajar peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 15 Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang dipilih adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi eksperimen) dengan desain pretest-postest nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 15 Makassar terdiri dari sepuluh kelas dengan jumlah keseluruhan peserta didik 340 Orang. Sampel penelitian ditentukan secara acak dengan teknik double random sampling yang terdiri dari dua kelas. Kelas pertama adalah kelas eksperimen yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran guided discovery dan kelas kedua adalah kelas kontrol yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran  konvensional. Kelas pertama adalah kelas VII1 dengan 33 peserta didik dan kelas kedua adalah VII3 terdiri dari 35 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik sebelum diajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas VII3 berada pada kategori rendah; (2) Hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik sesudah diajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas VII3 berada pada kategori sedang; (3) Hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik sebelum diajar dengan model pembelajaran guided discovery pada kelas VII1 berada pada kategori rendah; (4) Hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik sesudah diajar dengan model pembelajaran guided discovery pada kelas VII1 berada pada kategori tinggi; (5) Terjadi peningkatan yang lebih tinggi pada hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik sesudah diajar dengan model pembelajaran guided discovery pada kelas VII1 dibandingkan hasil belajar IPA Peserta didik sesudah diajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas VII3
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) DENGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA DI SMAN 5 BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: Herlina Meti , Sulaiman Endang , Widiastuti Risky
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT)  dengan media audio terhadap hasil belajar biologi siswa di SMA Negeri 5 Bengkulu Utara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian eksperimen. Dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian Randomized control-group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampel penelitian ini siswa dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok eskperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh hasil belajar biologi siswa pada materi sistem saraf pada manusia antara model pembelajaran Team Games Tournament (TGT) dengan menggunakan media audio visual dan pembelajaran konvensional. Setelah dilakukan hasil uji-t pada hasil belajar biologi siswa diperoileh nilai signifikan 0,001 artinya < dari 0,05 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Dengan demikian terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT) dengan media audio visual terhadap hasil belajar biologi siswa di SMA Negeri 5 Bengkulu Utara.
IDENTIFIKASI MISKONSEPSI MATA PELAJARAN IPA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII SMPN TERAKREDITASI A DI KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Kartika Dewi , Maming Ratnawaty , Tawil Muh
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui tingkat miskonsepsi mata pelajaran IPA peserta didik laki-laki kelas VIII SMPN Terakreditasi A di Kabupaten Gowa, (2) Mengetahui tingkat miskonsepsi mata pelajaran IPA peserta didik perempuan kelas VIII SMPN Terakreditasi A di Kabupaten Gowa, (3) Mengetahui tingkat miskonsepsi mata pelajaran IPA peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN Terakreditasi A di Kabupaten Gowa secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey dengan desain penelitian survey deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN Terakreditasi A di Kabupaten Gowa. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik Cluster Sampling sehingga diperoleh satu kelas dari masing-masing sekolah yang Terakreditasi A yang terdiri dari 229 peserta didik, 138 peserta didik perempuan dan 91 peserta didik laki-laki. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tingkat miskonsepsi mata pelajaran IPA peserta didik laki-laki kelas VIII SMPN Terakreditasi A di Kabupaten Gowa termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, (2) Tingkat miskonsepsi mata pelajaran IPA peserta didik perempuan kelas VIII SMPN Terakreditasi A di Kabupaten Gowa termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, (3) Tingkat miskonsepsi mata pelajaran IPA peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN Terakreditasi A di Kabupaten Gowa secara keseluruhan termasuk dalam kategori tinggi.