bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood vulnerability analysis using the frequency ratio method with the watershed ecosystem in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Soma A S , Arsyad U , Nursaputra M , Lando A T , Rahmat S , Azus Fidaan Husein , Ramadhan M D R
Published: September 2023

Bulukumba Regency is located in the Province of South Sulawesi. It is one of the main tourist destinations and phinisi boat industry that provides much economic added value for the community and local government. Apart from these advantages, the problem of flooding is an obstacle and has a detrimental impact on the regional economy. Drainage problems, weather anomalies, and land function experts in the upstream area are factors in the occurrence of floods in Bulukumba Regency. This study used remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) combined with the Frequency Ratio (F.R.) method to create flood vulnerability maps. The parameters in this study are based on literature studies, data availability, and research site conditions such as rainfall, earth curvature, river distance, marbles, altitude, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), soil texture, soil permeability, geology, and land use/land cover (LULC). The results of the identification of flood events obtained a total area of flood events, namely 6,345 ha, which was identified with the highest F.R. value in the closure of pond land and coastal sand beds, sand soil texture, and lithology, namely alluvium rocks. Validation was obtained for the success rate with a value of 0.895 and the prediction rate with a value of 0.887. It shows the weight that falls into the good category. The area of insecurity has a high of 7.20% and high of 1.69%.
Land cover changes in Bila Watershed, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmat S , Soma A S , Barkey R A
Published: September 2023

Changes in land cover are characterized by changes in land use conversion. One of the factors that cause changes in land closure is the increase in the number of residents so the need for residential land also increases. This study aims to identify changes in land cover in 2017 and 2021 in the Bila River Basin. Land cover change analysis is carried out using the Geographic Information System approach using the overlay analysis method in ArcGIS software. The results showed that in 2017-2021, secondary dryland forest land cover experienced a reduction in the area of 915.96 hectares or from the total area of watersheds converted to mixed dryland agriculture. Meanwhile, the largest addition occurred in the dry land closure class covering an area of 634.08 ha of the total watershed area converted to dryland farming. This is due to the increasing need and dependence of the community on land, with community activities in managing land and utilizing the land to increase agricultural yields as well as a source of livelihood for the community.
Projected land cover changes in 2031 in Awangpone watershed, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ramly Z , Barkey R A , Arsyad U
Published: September 2023

One of the factors of watershed damage is that water catchment areas are decreasing due to land use changes caused by various human activities such as logging, forest encroachment, and development carried out in watersheds. Continuous changes without consideration in land use management will adversely affect all elements in a watershed, especially land closures that have a major impact on water availability. This study aims to project land cover changes by 2031 in the Awangpone river basin, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. This study used a Cellular Automata-Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) simulation to make projections of land cover changes in 2031. The results of this study show a change in land cover from 2020 to 2031. Land closures that experienced an increase in area were in the residential class of 214.15 ha or 1.69% and the fishpond class of 58.38 ha or 0.46%. Meanwhile, dryland agricultural classes mixed with shrubs, shrubs, mangrove forests and rice fields have experienced a reduction in area. The changes that occurred both the reduction and the increase in the area of the land closure class in the Awangpone watershed were influenced by land conversion, where the addition of settlements caused a class reduction in other land closures.
Analysis of land use/land cover change and erosion hazard levels in the social forestry area of KPH Ulubila, South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Ariadi A , Mukrimin  , Wahyuni
Published: September 2023

Changes in land use/land cover are part of the dynamics of nature, both changes caused by natural disasters and human activities. The need for land by humans encourages the acceleration of land cover change, especially from forests to non-forests. The rate of change in land cover will affect the hydrological state so that the land becomes very critical. One of the things that causes land to become critical is erosion. One of the policies carried out to reduce the rate of change in land cover, reduction of erosion area and empowerment of communities around forests is the Social Forestry program. Social forestry refers to any forest utilization activity by the community in providing products for their own use or generating local income. The case study in this study is the social forestry of KPH Ulubila. The results of the analysis in 2013 and 2022 showed that the highest decline in the agricultural/crop land class with an area of 87.96 ha or equivalent to 89.20% and secondary second forest was 681.86 ha or equivalent to 27.50% of the area of social forestry. In other classes, there was an increase in agricultural land, namely in the plantation class of 267.83 ha or 467.19%, agricultural mixed of 160.73 ha or 7.20% and paddy area of 25.31 or 18.42%. In the condition of plantation forests, there was an increase of 35.43%, shrubland of 23.05% and open land of 400.94%. The rate of change in land cover has affected the magnitude of the change in the extent of erosion. This change leads to poor conditions because the area of the very low (<15 tons / ha / year) decreases by 45.94% and low (15-60 tons / ha / year) 2.19%. The addition was actually seen in the very heavy (>480 tons/ha/year) 21.57%, moderate (60-180 tons/ha/year) 28.29% and heavy (180-480 tons/ha/year) 6.45%.
Organoleptic test Smoothies Ambon Banana fruit (Musa Acuminata) and Cantaloupe (Cucumis Melo var. cantaloupe)
Authors: Sucita T , Andi Nilawati U , Latifah R , Mardiana A , Prihantono  , Andi A
Published: September 2023

Bananas and cantaloupe are two fruits that can be found in Indonesia and are very easy to get at affordable prices and can even be grown alone. These two fruits are a good combination if processed in new ways, one of which is in the form of processed smoothies. This study aims to determine consumer assessment of the organoleptic quality of beverages smoothies Ambon bananas and cantaloupe. The method used in this study was to perform an organoleptic test on the panelists using the Hedonic Test by giving 3 drink samples smoothies Ambon bananas and cantaloupe with variations in the amount of different fruit extracts to untrained panelists. The criteria tested included color, aroma, taste, texture and overall assessment so that the best formulation was produced from several treatments. The scoring scores used were 1=Very Disliked, 2=Disliked, 3=Liked, and 4=Very Liked. The Results, F1 was the panelist’s most preferred formula in terms of color, F2 was the panelist’s most preferred formula in terms of aroma, F1 and F3 were the panelists’ most preferred formula in terms of taste, F3 was the panelist’s most preferred formula in terms of texture, F3 was the best formula the most preferred overall by the panelists. Overall, in terms of texture and taste, the panelists preferred the treatment of smoothies Ambon bananas and cantaloupe 100 ml with a ratio of 1:1:1 or F3 between Ambon bananas, cantaloupe and low-fat milk. The taste of the resulting drink is neither bitter nor astringent. In terms of color, panelists preferred F1 while for aroma, panelists preferred F2 because the aroma of bananas was stronger.
Hydroponic vegetable agribusiness business development strategy (Case Study in CV. Akar Hydroponics Moncongloe Subdistrict, Maros District)
Authors: Alkadri Trianti , Rukmana Didi , Hamid Nurjannah
Published: September 2023

This study aims to describe the hydroponic vegetable agribusiness at Cv. Hydroponic Roots, Moncongloe District, Maros Regency. Identifying and analyzing factors that must be considered in the development of agribusiness strategies and developing also recommending alternative product development strategies for hydroponic vegetable businesses. The research method used data collection methods, namely observation, questionnaires and interviews and the data were analyzed using EFE, IFE, SWOT and QSPM Matrix analysis. The results of the study show that the internal factors of the strengths influence the business development strategy of CV. Hydroponic Roots are well known product quality, good service to consumers, provision of more diverse vegetable production, strategic location, and effective distribution channels. The weaknesses faced by CV. The root of Hydroponics is that human resources are still lacking, packaging creations are lacking, product promotion is lacking, and bookkeeping and filing are still not well organized. While the external factors of opportunities are increasing demand for vegetables, planning outlets in several locations in Makassar City, participating in every existing event, managing strategies for cooperation with various parties and changing consumption patterns of people’s lifestyles. The threats that CV. Hydroponic Roots are promotions from other companies that are better, complaints from customers, the technology used, consumer bargaining and the number of company competitors. Based on the results of the matrix analysis of IFAS and EFAS CV. Hydroponic roots are in quadrant I with successive values of 1.79 and 0.84, namely grow and build. Based on the QSPM analysis, alternative strategies that can be implemented by CV. The roots of Hydroponics are maintaining and improving services to retain customers by avoiding production shortages caused by the large number of company competitors, improving the quality of services that companies implement directly or indirectly with customers, and maintaining and enhancing the company’s image to increase the company’s superiority in facing competition.
Meta-analysis: the effect of feeding indigofera leaves (Indigofera zollingeriana) on goat livestock performance
Authors: Bahar Syamsu , Harahap Muhammad Ainsyar , Priyatno Tri Puji
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of Indigofera leaves feeding (Indigofera zollingeriana) on the performance of goat livestock using meta-analysis studies. This research begins with integrating secondary data from various publications, getting journals and proceedings sources in PubMed, GS. The publications selected must contain information on the effect of feeding Indigofera leaves on goats. Furthermore, the data were collected into a database using Microsoft Excel. During data collection, experimental units of each data were equated, then analyzed using R version 4.2.0. The results of the analysis showed that the effect of feeding Indigofera leaves was not significant effect on ADG (average daily gain), PWW (post-weaning weight), and FCR (feed conversion rate). However, the impact was substantial (P<0.05) on feed consumption or DMI (dry matter intake). This indicates that goats favor Indigofera leaf feed, and can be used as a good forage legume to improve goat performance.
A meta-analysis: Protein level of the substrate affect nutrient, macromineral, and amino acid profiles of maggot
Authors: Sarwono Ki Ageng , Harahap Rakhmad Perkasa , Ferdian Pamungkas Rizki , Pribadi Avry , Mulyati Eyet , Sari Herman , Wardono Heru Ponco , Andadari Lincah , Agustarini Retno , Fidriyanto Rusli , Riendriasari Septiantina Dyah , Handayani Tri Hadi , Heryati Yetti , Qomariyah Novia , Sholikin Mohammad Miftakhus
Published: September 2023

Protein content of the substrate affects the nutritional composition of maggot (Hermetia illucens). This study aimed to summarize and confirm a wide range of findings about the effect of substrate protein on the nutritional composition, macrominerals, and amino acids of maggot. This meta-analysis data was acquired from papers indexed by Scopus throughout the past decade. The substrate’s protein concentration was used to define the fixed factor, whereas several studies were incorporated as the random factor. The selection and compilation of data followed the PRISMA-P. The high protein content of the substrate resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in dry matter and a decrease in neutral detergent fiber, but had no effect on macrominerals. The predominant of characteristics of essential and non-essential amino acids increase significantly (p<0.05) whenever protein quantities are added to the substrate. This finding implies that the protein content of the substrate had improvement on the nutrient composition (DM and NDF) and amino acid profiles (alanine, aspartic, arginine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine) of the maggot.
Analysis of land suitability of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the humid tropics of South Sulawesi
Authors: Yusuf W A , Neswati R , Nathan M
Published: September 2023

South Sulawesi is one of largest clove-producing regions in Indonesia. The highest production was obtained in the Luwu, Regency area, but there needs to be data related to the wide distribution of clove development potential, especially in the Bua Ponrang District, the primary producer of clove commodities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the suitability of clove plant land, which can show the area of its development potential in Bua Ponrang District, Luwu Regency. This study aims to analyze the suitability of land in the Bua Ponrang District for cloves, which can become a consideration for agricultural development in Luwu Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with simple limiting factors with soil suitability assesment performed by comparing soil and physical environmental data with the suitability requirements of clove. The sampling method was purposive, conducted for each land unit most representative of the land unit map where clove exists, overlaid with geological maps, slope class maps and land use. The results of the analysis of the actual land suitability class, namely marginally suitable for clove (S3) to the boundary area of 6,222.18 hectares with limiting factors, namely air humidity, drainage, soil depth, total nitrogen (%), base saturation (%), available P (ppm) and slopes (%), which can be increased potential through improvement recommendations such as the addition of organic materials, fertilizers and terracing (conservation). The land suitability class is unsuitable for clove in the 2.570,12 hectares interface with limiting factors for erotion and slope hazard.
Seasonal diversity and distribution of decomposing macrofungi in three forest communities: why do they differ?
Authors: Putra P S , Supriadi  , Achmad A , Yamada T , Ngakan P O
Published: September 2023

The diversity of macrofungal species, especially those that are not edible, receives less attention because people do not realize the importance of their ecological role. This study aimed to reveal the inter-seasonal diversity of macrofungal species in three forest communities in South Sulawesi: Karst forest, Lowland forest, and Pine forest. Field surveys were carried out twice (i.e. in the wet and dry seasons) in 25 units plots measuring 10 m x 10 m which were systematically spread in an area of approximately 1 ha in each forest community. The macrofungi found in each plot were recorded by the species name, photo, and the area of cover that measured using Crown Diameter Method to analyse the area of cover. In total there were found 130 species of macrofungi from 38 families across forest communities both in wet and dry seasons. The highest number of macrofungi species was found in the Lowland Forest (67 species), followed by Karst Forest (65 species), and the lowest was in Pine forest (42 species). Some species are specialists in specific forest communities. Given that most species of macrofungi are monophagous that specialist to an only litter of one tree species, the difference in the diversity of macrofungi among forest communities is likely related to the difference in tree species diversity among forest communities. In addition, microhabitat conditions were found in line with the diversity of macrofungal species inter-seasons and inter-forests.
Registration certificate for local variety of curly red chili Pengkol Jati from Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Cempaka Intan Gilang , Susila Arif , Bety Jajuk Aneka
Published: September 2023

Pengkol Jati curly red chili is a local variety of chili from Grobogan Regency, Central Java that has been grown by farmers for decades. A certificate of ownership of local varieties issued by Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic Indonesia is very important to protect the variety from illegal name and to meet the requirements for the release of varieties. The primary requirement to get the certificate of ownership is morphological identification, which was conducted in February to April 2020 in Pengkol Jati village, Grobogan regency. The character observed include external appearance of tree (height, growth, head shape, crown, branching, color on the book, canopy, stem shape and color), leaves (shape, size, direction, leaf color, size and color petiole, wax layer), flower (color of flower; stem; and flower crown, stain, petals, pistil head,position and angle of flower stalk, number of flower per node, flowering schedule, time of flower to fruit,), fruit (color, size, shape, skin and flesh thickness, fruit weight, seed color, shape, and size), and general data. The morphological characteristics and general data were noted and organized in the form of a standard blank and registered to Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing to get a Certificate of Ownership of Local Varieties. Result of the experiment revealed that in 18 December 2020, a Certificate of Ownership of Local Varieties of Pengkol Jati curly red chili numbered: 1609/PVL/2020 was issued and submitted to local government of Grobogan regency.
Application of nano silica fertilizer in agricultural sustainability (a review)
Authors: Amin M , Juita N , Asnawi
Published: September 2023

Silica (Si) is a beneficial element for plants because it has many benefits in increasing plant growth and yields. However, the use of silica as fertilizer is currently still very limited, so the use of fertilizer is a major concern given a large number of uses of silica for plants. Today, recent advances in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for plant improvement, wherein plants can derive benefits associated with Si nanoparticles. Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects produced by the utilization of Si nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is expected to be able to answer the challenges of using environmentally friendly fertilizers and high efficiency of nutrient use. The use of nano fertilizers opens up new approaches to precision farming and sustainable agriculture. This paper will discuss the application of silica nanoparticles in plant growth and plant productivity. Nanosilica fertilizer is one of the promising technologies that can be used for precision and sustainable agriculture.
Exploration and characterization of tinombo local garlic, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Wahyuni Andi Nirma , Ketut Suwitra I , Idris  , Hariyanto Bambang , Syafruddin  , Rahayu Heni SP , Saidah
Published: September 2023

Most of Indonesia’s garlic needs are fulfilled by imported (97%). The government focuses on local garlic for seed prospects and gives a mandatory for importers to plant it to increase domestic production. Beside of using registered local varieties, it is also intended for local varieties which have not been registered, to be developed especially by local farmers. Exploration and characterization are very necessary so that the presence of local varieties of garlic in each region is known. This study aims to explore and characterize the local garlics in Central Sulawesi. The research was carried out in March 2020, located in Parigi Moutong Regency. The research used survey method, while the observations of plant morphology and agronomy using a Horticultural Plant Characterization Guidebook. The research found a local variety of garlic namely Tinombo Variety. Apart from being a cooking spice, Tinombo variety also used as a biopharmaceutical. The result of the characterization shows that Tinombo variety has light green leaf color, pale yellow flesh color, very sharp aroma, 14-21 cloves per bulb, 2-3 t/ha production while the yield potential is 7.6 t/ha. The harvest age is 5-6 months, and it is suitable in the highlands. The obstacle for farmers is the difficulty of the access to and from the field, thus the price of garlic is expensive. The cultivation technology is still conventional and does not use fertilizers. This local variety has a high chance to increase its productivity with the application of appropriate and site-specific technologies.
Effect of storage temperature transfer on the internal browning and other fruit qualities of GP3 and MD2 pineapple clones after postharvest applications of ABA, chitosan and decrowning
Authors: Chandra D , Widodo S E , Kamal M , Waluyo S
Published: September 2023

Changes in pineapple storage temperature accelerate the increase in internal browning (IB) incidence. This study aims for postharvest applications with changes in storage temperature affecting IB incidence and severity. This research was conducted on ‘GP3’ and ‘MD2’ pineapple clones when they were ripe for export. The experimental were a completely randomized design of storage temperatures (T1: at 7°C for 30 days and T2: at 7°C for 28 days followed by 16°C for 2 days), clones (‘GP3’ and ‘MD2’), decrownings (crown and crownless), and coatings [chitosan 1%, ABA 50mg/L, ABA+chitosan mixture, and control (H2O)]. The results showed that T2 had a significant effect on the increase IB incidence in ‘MD2’ and IB severity in ‘GP3’ compared to T1. Ascorbate acid decreased in ‘MD2’ stored at T2, but had no effect on ‘GP3’. Soluble solid content (SSC) of ‘MD2’ was higher than ‘GP3’. Titratable acidity (TA), SSC/TA ratio, and mold severity were not significantly affected by treatments. The T2 had a significant effect on fruit temperature (FT), with an increase of 2.77-2.88ºC. An increase in FT was positively correlated with maturity, fruit weight loss, and skin dehydration. During the 28 to 30 days of storage, the T2 treatment increased in ripeness by 81.25%.
30 years trend of peatland utilization in Riau Province
Authors: Haryanto R , Juandi  , Siregar S , Suwondo
Published: September 2023

The peatland was a type of wetland ecosystem that was easily damaged. Damage to peatlands is generally caused by various types of unmanaged land use. The linear increase in the number and needs of the population has triggered the conversion of peatlands every year. This study reveals facts in an exploratory descriptive manner on the trend of peatland use in Riau Province from 1990-2020. The determination of the type of land use is based on changes in the condition of the peatland cover derived from Landsat images in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The analysis was carried out with a spatial approach with overlay techniques using geographic information system applications. The results of the analysis found that the area of forest cover on peatlands in Riau Province has experienced a very large decrease from 71.71% to 35.93%. The rate of decline in forest cover area to non-forest is around 59,311.65 ha/year. The use of peatlands for cultivation activities continued to increase over the previous 30 years, from 28.29% to 64.07%. The largest utilization came from plantation activities by 44.48%. This value is very large compared to other activities such as dry land agriculture, rice fields, open land, settlements, infrastructure, mining, swamps, scrub bushes, and transmigration. This shows that plantation activities have dominated the use of peatlands, even faster than other types of land cover. Plantation activities in Riau province are dominated by oil palm, both company plantations and smallholder plantations. The increase in the area of oil palm plantations was triggered by an increase in demand and a very high economic profit value compared to other types of agricultural commodities. So that the ability to manage plantations on sustainable peatlands is very important.
Male Magelang Duck’s Performance on Grower Period Fed by Probiotics Bacillus amiloliquifaciens And Jengkol Peel Extract
Authors: Sihite M , Pramono P B , Septian M H , Setyowening N D
Published: September 2023

This research was conducted to find out the effect of probiotic bacteriaBacillus amiloliquifaciensand jengkol peel extract (Archidendron jiringa) on the productivity of male Magelang ducks. The treatments in this study were given through water consists of four treatments and five replicants. The treatments in this study were: P0 = Water (without the addition of probiotics and jengkol peel extract, P1 = Water with the addition of 0.5% probiotics + 0.05% jengkol peel extract, P2 = Water with the addition of 1% probiotics + 0.1% jengkol peel extract, P3 = Water with the addition of 1.5% probiotics + 0.15 jengkol peel extract, and P4 = Water with the addition of 2% probiotic + 0.2% jengkol peel extract. Data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test if the results were different. The results showed that the administration ofBacillus amiloliquifaciensand jengkol peel extract had no significant effect on feed intake, water intake, daily weight gain, body weight, and feed conversion of male Magelang ducks (P>0.05). It is concluded that administration of probioticsBacillus amiloliquifaciensdid not improve the performance of male Magelang ducks. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of probiotic bacteria in the intestinal of male Magelang ducks.
Phosphate solubilization potential of rhizosphere fungi isolated from satoimo taro plant
Authors: Wisdawati E , Widyastuti H
Published: September 2023

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient required by plants for their growth and development. Phosphates bioavailability in nature is approximately 95-99% but insoluble, therefore the plant can not simply use them. The alternative to overcome phosphate deficiency is by utilizing phosphate solubilizing fungi. This research is aimed at selecting and characterizing phosphate solubilizing fungi in rhizosphere of saitomo taro (Colocasia esculenta var antiquorum). The test on isolate ability to solubilize phosphate was conducted through qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative was carried out by counting index of phosphate solubilization on solid Pikovskaya while quantitative was through counting concentration of phosphate solubilization through spectrophotometry at wave length 693 nm. The result of qualitative test showed that the highest index of phosphate solubilisation was 1.08 at isolate RTP25 while quantitative demonstrated that isolate RTP16 released highest concentration of phosphate solubilization with the amount 12.78 µgl−1. Isolate RTP 25 (by Trichoderma sp) and RTP16 (by Aspergillus sp) be potential to be developed as phosphate biofertilizer.
Exploration of mahogany and cocoa rhizosphere fungi as agroforestry land cover in Herlang District, Bulukumba Regency
Authors: Mirta B , Rasyid B
Published: September 2023

Herlang District has an agricultural cultivation area of 6,160.10 Ha and consists of various land management systems, such as paddy fields, not paddy fields (corn and green beans), plantation potential (cashew, mahogany, and cocoa), as well as in Herlang District has various agroforestry land management. Agroforestry is an effort to increase biodiversity without the exception of soil microbes such as fungi which stimulate soil biological activity. This study aims to identify rhizosphere fungi from two different plant vegetation as agroforestry land cover. The research method used was the isolation of the fungus using a 10−2 dilution technique, as well as the identification of the fungus based on its macroscopic and microscopic forms. Exploration results of mahogany and cocoa rhizosphere fungi as agroforestry land cover in Herlang District, Bulukumba Regency, obtained 3 4 isolates consisting of 5 genera, namely, Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Trichoderma sp.
Genetic diversity analysis of Bitti (Vitex cofasssus), native species Indonesia based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) marker
Authors: Muslimin Atisa , Syahidah  , Rante Herlina , Larekeng Siti Halimah
Published: September 2023

Bitti (Vitex cofassus) is a native species in Indonesia and is a superior wood in South Sulawesi. This type is a hardwood that is sought after and exported in large enough quantities. A narrow genetic base requires joint efforts to develop plant varieties, so it is necessary to carry out selection activities to obtain a superior diversity of traits. The most advanced method in assessing genetic diversity is a molecularly based approach using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) marker. Germplasm exploration was carried out in Pattiroang Village, Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province. A total of 30 samples were extracted using the Genomic DNA Mini Kit (plant) method with modifications. Ten primers tested obtained six primers that produced bright polymorphic bands, namely UBC 820, UBC 822, UBC 823, UBC 824, UBC 827, and UBC 830. The highest He value is in the UBC 824 primary with a PIC of 0.48, while the lowest He values is in the UBC 827 primer with a PIC value of 0.15. The visualization of the dendrogram shows two large clusters, each consisting of a diverse number of individuals. It indicates a relatively moderate kinship between the types of V. cofassus.
Novel determination of green life based on image processing data of Cavendish banana after receiving post-harvest treatments
Authors: Fahri A K , Widodo S E , Waluyo S , Zulferiyenni
Published: September 2023

Conventional methods used in determining green-life are still relatively difficult to use because they are subjective. The initial phase shift from green to yellowish-green as the end of green-life is very difficult to detect and quantify with naked eyes. Therefore, we need a standard method that can be used to determine its green-life. The purpose of this study was to test a new method for determining the green-life based on image processing data of Cavendish banana after receiving post-harvest treatments. The data were collected from Cavendish banana at various maturity levels which had received post-harvest treatments of fruit coatings and storage temperatures. The results showed that the intensity of red (I-Red) as a component of the yellow colour has increased, while the intensity of green (I-Green) has decreased until the end of the observation. Green life ended when I-Red showed a greater value than I-Green. Cavendish banana in cold temperature storage showed a longer green life than room temperature storage with an average of 17.83 days and the longest was 35 days. Meanwhile, storage at room temperature showed an average green life length of 13.25 days with the longest period was 16 days.
Quantitative analysis of rhizosphere microbial population obtained from main-croplands in South Sulawesi
Authors: Junaid M , Gassing S , Muslimah A , Saharuddin Y , Nuralisah S , Kuswinanti T , Baharuddin  , Tara A
Published: September 2023

The study aims to investigate microbial species and quantify population richness associated with main crop rhizosphere in South Sulawesi. Survey was conducted in two areas including healthy and infected croplands. In each area about 1 ha, samples were collected to consist of 250 g bulk soil of rhizosphere in healthy and infected farms 1 month after transplanting. For analysis, those samples were carried out at the Plant pathology Lab, Department Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture. 10 g bulk soil separation out of 250 g obtained from rhizosphere was sterilized into water 25 mL and sieved 50-100 mesh prior to transfer to growth medium. After that, 4 % (g/mL) potato dextrose agar (PDA) in the petri dish was earlier prepared. The soil mixture (1g/10 mL) was diluted and transferred into a series dilution and parallelly loaded into solid media kept in dark room with at room temperature. Microbiota successfully growing in the solid media were split and transferred into petridish contained PDA for morphological identification and quantified through a series dilution. The study found 23 native fungal isolates consisting of Genera: Rhizopus sp. Phytophthora sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Geotrichum, Aspergillus sp., Gliocladium sp., Gongronella sp., and 14 unknown groups of fungi. Three bacterial isolates were discovered as gram-positive bacteria (GPB) in the infected cropland and the other two were gram-negative bacteria (GNB) found in healthy farm. The finding evidenced that population of microbiota ‘bacterial and fungal’ richness was twofold much higher in the healthy farm than infected farm. Bacterial population was the highest in both healthy and infected farms. There is a tendency of the higher fungal population richness, the lower rice disease incidence in croplands, vice versa.
Morphological characterization of three types of Asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) at three altitude in North Sumatra
Authors: Simatupang Sortha , Marpaung Imelda , Wasito  , Khairiah  , Aryati Vivi , Sipahutar Tumpal , Siagian Dedy Romulo
Published: September 2023

Asam gelugur fruit has economic value. The government’s reforestation program empowers farmers through planting asam gelugur seeds at 3 altitudes, The problem is that not all of asam gelugur trees produce fruit. Characterization of morphology needs to be carried out to obtain basic data for selecting prospective mother trees as a source of seed supply that guarantees reforestation trees bear fruit. This study aims to characterize the morphology of asam gelugur based on classification of local wisdom of farmers of North Sumatra, namely classifying Asam gelugur based on the success or failure of the pollination process followed by the formation of fruit at 3 altitudes. This study was conducted in three altitudes: lowlands 1-<400 m above sea level (asl), medium (400- < 800 m asl and highlands (800- 1300 mdpl), exploration using survey method with IPGRI Descriptor guide and purposively sampling. The results found three types of asam gelugur in North Sumatra: Female, Male and Shemale (muzzy) at the three altitudes. There is no effect of altitude on the morphological characters of the three types of asam gelugur, except for the sharpness of the leaves color of the shoots.People namely Female asam gelugur tree, if pollination is successful and produces fruit. the tree routinely produces fruit. The name of a tree that has never been successfully pollinated and never bears fruit is called a male tree.The shemale tree is called a tree whose pollination occurs sometimes successfully. There were five striking differences in the characteristics of the three types asam gelugur based on local wisdom. The different characteristics were the Character shape (canopy), the petal’s color, the shape fruit, the Color of the young leaves, and the thickness of the leaves.
Effect of drying and storage of corn seeds (Zea mays L.) on postharvest insect pest control in laboratory scales
Authors: Sepe M , Salamiah  , Marsuni Y , Samharinto  , Mariana  , Pramudi M I , Abbas S
Published: September 2023

Corn is one of the word’s most essential carbohydrate-producing food crops. In addition to being used as a staple food for most of the world’s population, corn seeds are also an essential component of animal feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drying and storage time on the presence of warehouse pest populations. The research method was carried out by drying corn seeds under sun exposure for 6 hours/day. The experiment consisted of four treatments, namely drying time repeated three times. Observations consisted of weight loss of corn seeds, the population of warehouse pests, and damage intensity. The results of the observations were then analyzed by statistical tests followed by a real difference test. The results showed that the weight of corn seeds decreased with the length of the drying process. Drying for 18 hours was effective in suppressing the presence of warehouse pests such as S. zeamais (197.67 adults) and T. castaneum (1.67 adults). Drying time in addition to affecting the presence of warehouse pests, also significantly affects the intensity of the attack. Drying for 24 hours has a lower damage rate (13.05%) when compared to other drying times.
Rice brown planthopper monitoring and detection by spectral reflectance: a review
Authors: Arifin M D , Koesmaryono Y , Impron
Published: September 2023

Brown planthopper (BPH) has been one of the main pests of rice worldwide. Monitoring is important factor for determining attacks and estimating their effects. The traditional monitoring approach is usually conducted through visual observation and field scouting, with limitations such as subjectivity and time consumption. Remote sensing is an alternative pest monitoring method that covers a larger area in a shorter time. This paper discusses a remote-sensing method that uses a spectral approach to detect BPH attacks. Literature was filtered and processed using the PRISMA method. According to the spectral sensor, studies were classified into multispectral and hyperspectral sensors. Based on this scale, there are four studies on the panicle, leaf, canopy, and field levels. The model used single-wave reflectance and spectral indices as predictors. Various algorithms were used in the studies: linear regression, Principal Component Analysis, and Machine Learning to estimate the severity class, BPH Population density, and yield loss. A combination of spectral reflectance with other parameters, such as weather, fertilizer application, and infestation time, was conducted to improve the performance of the detection model. This review provides state-of-the-art spectral reflectance usage for detecting BPH attacks and opportunities for future development.
The effect of various carrier mediums on the growth of trichoderma asperellum TR3 and Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Jaya K , Ratnawati  , Sudewi S , Jumardin  , Arfan  , Zainal M
Published: September 2023

Trichoderma sp. is the most common growth in soil, especially with high organic matter. The fungi are helpful as the growth trigger and potential biological agent in controlling plant diseases. The relationship between Trichoderma sp. and plants are mutualism, with plants taking benefit in terms of growth and disease control, while Trichoderma sp. gets nutrients produced by plants. The study aims to determine the ability growth of Trichoderma asperellum TR3 and Trichoderma sp. in the various carrier media forming pellets in vitro condition. The research was held at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Alkhairaat University Palu. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments, namely T1 = rice bran (RB), T2 = tofu dregs (TD), T3 = tapioca flour (TF), and T4 = talc powder+tofu dregs (TP+TD). The results showed that T4 (TP+TD) and T1 (RB) could be used as carrier medium in the pellet form for Trichoderma asperellum TR3 and Trichoderma sp.
Survey on stored rice insects in Makassar, Indonesia: a preliminary study
Authors: Bayu Mario M , Fernando Ito , Astuti Ludji Pantja , Muhammad Faiz Nashiruddin , Kafle Lekhnath , Muhammad Mukhti , Tang Muh Ridha Taqwa , Jamal Ahmad Arisandi , Amaliah Asri Ainun
Published: September 2023

Stored-product insects in rice are threats to the quality and quantity of stored rice. One of the methods to monitor insects in the storage facility is using an ultraviolet (UV) light trap. This study aimed to investigate the species diversity and abundance of insects trapped using UV light traps in the government’s stored rice in Makassar City, Indonesia. This study was conducted in a rice storage maintained by the Indonesian Bureau of Logistics (Bulog) Panaikang in early October 2022. Six UV light traps (4 watts) were hung (h=1.8 m) on four sides of a rice pile. Trapped insects were counted and identified. Results showed that the insects trapped by the UV light traps belonged to three orders, i.e., Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Laemophloeidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae), and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Bostrichidae) were three dominant coleopteran species trapped by UV light traps. The diversity was intermediate (H’=1.17), while the dominance (D=0.66) was high, and evenness (E=0.38) was low. Those species are classified as major pests due to their potential to cause economic damage to grains and products.
Intensity of Leaf Rust Disease on Four Robusta Coffee Clones in Natar, South Lampung
Authors: Harmiansyah  , Diptaningsari D , Wardani N , Meidaliyantisyah  , Mawardi R , Hendra J
Published: September 2023

Lampung Province is the producer and exporter of coffee in Indonesia. Leaf rust disease is an important disease in coffee and is caused by fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Br. This disease has spread to all coffee cultivation areas worldwide, including Indonesia. The incidence of this disease can cause production losses and reducing productivity up to 50%. The aim of the study was to determine the intensity of leaf rust disease in four Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) clones in Natar, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, namely BP 436, BP 534, BP 939 and SA 203. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design, with four clones, 30 replicates, and 30 evaluation samples. The intensity of disease attacks was calculated using Townsend-Heuberger formula. The results indicated that the intensity of disease attack on four clones was classified as a mild attack, with the lowest attack level was on BP 534 clone (5.63%). Robusta coffee is relatively tolerant to leaf rust disease, however management of this disease must be applied to prevent greater yield losses.
Elimination of systemic viral disease in shallot (Allium ascolonicum L) var. Bima Brebes through unconventional approach
Authors: Karjadi Asih K. , Aswani Nazly , Gunaeni Neni
Published: September 2023

Shallot (Allium ascolonicum L), belonging to the genus Allium are propagated vegetatively through layered bulbs. This research aimed to improve the quality of shallots by eliminating OYDV, SLDV viruses through meristematic tissue combined with the antiviral Ribavirin. The research was conducted in the IVEGRI Tissue Culture Laboratory from April to August 2018. Research materials included the infected shallot bulbs of Bima Brebes variety which were previously confirmed by DAS ELISA serology test. Meristematic tissues were cultured on MS + vitamin, MS + supplement media (sucrose 30 gL−1 + Myo inositol 100 mgL−1 + CaP 2 mgL−1 + NAA 0.15 mgL−1 + Kinetin 2 mgL−1 + GA3 0.1 mgL−1 + Gel gro 2gL−1, pH 5.7). A Completely Randomized Design with ten replications was applied for the combinations between antiviral Ribavirin concentrations i.e., 0.5,10,15, 20, 30 mgL−1, and explant size including meristematic tissue (0.5 mm) and shoot tip (2.5 mm). The results obtained through visual observation showed that the additional antiviral Ribavirin and explant size affected the percentage of growth and development of plantlets. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant interactions between treatments. DAS Elisa serology test showed that the higher the concentration of antiviral Ribavirin the lower the percentage of virus infection.
Controlling of downy mildew on maize using a combination of varieties and mycorrhizae
Authors: Najamuddin E , Rosmana A , Muis A , Djaya E , Salim  , Hasbi
Published: September 2023

Downy mildew is one of the main diseases of maize caused by Peronosclerospora philliphinensis. Plants infected with downy mildew will not give optimal results. Downy mildew is commonly controlled by a combination of resistant varieties and systemic fungicides. The continued use of systemic fungicides is known to have a negative impact on non-target organisms and the soil. The use of biological agents is a solution to eliminate the use of fungicides in combination with resistant varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining varieties and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in controlling downy mildew on maize. The study was conducted in greenhouse conditions, using a randomized block design with twelve combinations of varieties, mycorrhizal and inoculation of pathogen treatments, namely V1M0P0, V1M0P1, V1M1P0, V1M1P1, V2M0P0, V2M0P1, V2M1P0, V2M1P1, V3M0P0, V3M0P1, V3M1P0, and V3M1P1. V1 Annoman variety (susceptible check), V2 JH29 variety (moderate) and V3 Pertiwi 6 variety (resistant check). Each treatment was repeated five times, with two plants in each experimental unit. All treatment combinations carried out observations of plant height, number of leaves, and diameter. Observations of disease incubation, incidence, and severity of disease were carried out on six treatment combinations inoculated with the P. philliphinensis. The results showed an increase in plant vegetative growth in the combination treatment of varieties and mycorrhizae in the absence of pathogen infection (V1M1P0, V2M1P0, and V3M1P0). The disease incidence and severity suppression of downy mildew was shown in the combination V3M1P1 treatment with the same incidence of 50% and disease severity of 46% at 28 days post inoculation. The results of this study indicate the need for the right combination of controls for the purposes of effective disease management in plant cultivation.
Population genetics of Phytophthora species based on short sequence repeat (SSR) marker: a review of its importance and recent studies
Authors: Brugman E , Widiastuti A , Wibowo A
Published: September 2023

Phytophthora is a genus of oomycete (water molds) whose member species mostly live as plant pathogens and have been reported to cause enormous economic losses on crops worldwide. In recent years, population genetics of Phytophthora pathogens have been broadly studied to evaluate their adaptive evolution. Population genetic studies focus on analyzing the level of genetic diversity and the structure of the pathogen population. A population’s genetic diversity is proportional to its evolutionary potential. The generation and maintenance of genetic variation in pathogen populations are influenced by the biology of the pathogen and its host, environments, agricultural practices, and human activities. Understanding the population genetics of plant pathogens allows us to track the dynamic of the pathogen population and their adaptive ability, assisting the development of sustainable disease management strategies. This review presents the importance of population genetics, short sequence repeat (SSR) marker utilization in population genetic studies, and recent population genetics studies of Phytophthora pathogens related to agricultural practices.