bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for history of previous colic and for chronic, intermittent colic in a population of horses
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Peloso John G.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To identify risk factors for recurrent colic and chronic, intermittent colic in horses.

Design

Case control study.

Animals

The population included 768 horses examined by veterinarians in Texas for colic and 446 horses examined by these veterinarians for emergencies other than colic (control group).

Procedure

Horses with colic that had history of colic (n = 232) were compared with those without such history (n = 536), using logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for history of previous colic and to determine odds ratios (OR) for these associations. Among the 232 horses in the history of colic group, 58 horses that had chronic, intermittent colic were compared with the no history of colic group and the control group to identify factors associated with chronic, intermittent colic, using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among horses with colic, factors significantly associated with history of colic by multiple logistic regression analysis included history of abdominal surgery (OR = 3.1; P < 0.0001), age > 8 years (OR = 1.5; P < 0.0001), feeding of coastal grass hay (OR = 1.34; P = 0.012), Arabian breed (OR = 1.28; P = 0.044), and recent change in stabling (OR = 0.76, P = 0.024). Among horses with colic, factors significantly associated with chronic, intermittent colic were history of previous abdominal surgery (OR = 2.2; P = 0.021), age > 8 years (OR = 2.0; P < 0.0001), being a gelding (OR = 1.7 with female as the reference population; P = 0.002), feeding of coastal grass hay (OR = 1.6; P = 0.045), and farm density < 0.5 horses/acre (OR = 1.6; P = 0.003). When the CIC group was compared with the control group, significant risk factors included history of abdominal surgery (OR = 270.7; P < 0.0001), age > 8 years (OR = 2.4; P < 0.0001), recent change in diet (OR = 2.1; P = 0.005), farm density < 0.5 horses/acre (OR = 2.0; P = 0.0001); being a gelding (OR = 1.8, with female as the reference population; P = 0.002), and Arabian breed (OR = 1.6; P = 0.050).

Clinical Implications

Certain findings of signalment and management factors may identify horses at increased risk of recurrent forms of colic. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:697–703)
Factors associated with finishing status for dogs competing in a long-distance sled race
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W , Farris Jim , Schmidt Karin E.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether selected factors were associated with finishing status in a long-distance sled dog race.

Design

Prospective, observational study.

Animals

248 dogs participating in the 1994 Iditarod Trail sled race that were members of 13 teams that finished the race. Dogs were not selected randomly, but were members of teams that were easily accessible for examination before the race. The proportion of teams that were examined that finished the race (14/17) was similar to the proportion of teams that were not examined that finished the race (36/41).

Procedure

Age, sex, body conformation (weight, length, and thoracic width and circumference), cardiac variables (heart rate, natural logarithm of heart period variance, PR interval, QRS duration, QT index, R wave amplitude in leads II and V3, mean electrical axis, presence of cardiac arrhythmias suggestive of myocardial disease), and athletic ranking as assessed by the musher were compared between dogs that finished the race (n = 128) and dogs that did not finish (n = 120).

Results

The only factor found to differ significantly (P < 0.05) between finishers and nonfinishers was athletic ranking as assessed by the musher. Athletic rank and QRS duration or QRS duration normalized for body weight were identified by means of logistic regression as variables associated (P < 0.15) with finishing status. There was a significant (P < 0.0001), but weak (R2 = 0.18), linear relationship between race time and mean QRS duration for each team.

Clinical Implications

Athletic ranking as assessed by the musher was the most important of the studied variables in determining finishing status, whereas age, sex, body conformation, and body weight were unimportant. Duration of the QRS was of minor importance in determining finishing status. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 206:879–882)
Attitudes of veterinarians to a standardized slaughter-monitoring program for pigs
Authors: Davies Peter R. , Bahnson Peter B. , Grass Julie J. , Marsh William E. , Dial Gary D.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine attitudes of participating veterinarians toward a standardized slaughter-monitoring program for swine.

Design

Survey by mail questionnaire.

Sample Population

30 of 35 veterinarians in Minnesota who had participated in the program in 1993.

Procedure

Survey was conducted regarding a slaughter-monitoring program. Respondents answered questions related to professional experience, use of slaughter inspections, methods, advantages and disadvantages of the program, effects on clients and business, labor requirements, referral of inspections, confidence in identifying lesions, and usefulness of reports for on-farm decision making.

Results

27 respondents expressed overall satisfaction with the program. Perceived advantages of the program included use of standardized methods, quality of reports, inspection of more types of lesions, and accumulation of data. Disadvantages predominantly related to increased time commitments for veterinarians. Data considered most useful for on-farm decision making were white spots on livers, nasal turbinate atrophy, and lesions indicative of papular dermatitis and enzootic pneumonia. Respondents perceived positive effects of participating in this program In the areas of recruitment of clients, frequency of visits to clients, recommendations made to clients, satisfaction of client needs, and generation of revenue.

Clinical Implications

A standardized slaughter-monitoring program designed to provide improved information from slaughter inspections may be beneficial to the businesses of participating veterinarians. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:123–126)
Pulmonary lobectomy in the management of pneumonia in dogs: 59 cases (1972–1994)
Authors: Murphy Scott Thomas , Ellison Gary Wayne , McKiernan Brendan Colm , Mathews Kyle Gene , Kubilis Paul Scott
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate the risk and efficacy of pulmonary lobectomy in dogs with pneumonia.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

59 dogs with pneumonia.

Procedure

Review of medical records and telephone conversations.

Results

54.2% of dogs had resolution of pneumonia after lobectomy, 20.3% died in the perioperative period, and 25.4% survived the perioperative period but pneumonia did not resolve. Pneumonia was caused by bacteria (25 dogs), fungi (12), foreign bodies (8), parasites (1), viruses (1), and allergies (1). In 11 dogs, the etiologic agent was not isolated. Bacterial or fungal pneumonias were significantly less likely to resolve compared with foreign body pneumonia or when an etiologic agent was not isolated. Perioperative mortality rate increased significantly with an increase in number of pulmonary lobes removed. Complications during surgery significantly increased perioperative mortality rate. Surgical era (1972 to 1983 vs 1984 to 1994) was a significant predictor of mortality, with the odds of dying in the perioperative period being 11 times greater between 1972 to 1983. The odds of failure to resolve pneumonia was 3 times greater during 1972 to 1983.

Clinical Implications

Number of pulmonary lobes removed and complications during surgery significantly affect perioperative mortality rate. Identification of etiologic agents may help in predicting dogs likely to resolve pneumonia after surgery.
Fuzzy systems approach to diagnosis in the postpartum cow
Authors: Bellamy James E. C.
Published: December 2023

A computer-based fuzzy systems approach to diagnosis was compared with a standard rule-based approach for ability to diagnose 1 or more of 14 diseases in postpartum cows. A comparison between the 2 systems, using the same 12 input variables (clinical signs and laboratory measurements), resulted in 93% diagnostic agreement. Much of the study compared a fuzzy diagnostic system that had 12 input variables with a standard system that had 17 input variables. The results indicated that the fuzzy diagnostic system was more efficient to design (fewer rules), that the fuzzy system often provided a more accurate diagnosis, and that selection of input variables is critically important to diagnostic accuracy for any computer-based diagnostic system. The apparent advantages of fuzzy logic-based decision systems over standard rule-based methods of modeling the medical diagnostic process warrant continued study to determine limitations and other possible applications. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:397-401)
Seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in horses residing in a county of southeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Bentz Bradford G. , Granstrom David E. , Stamper Shelby
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine seroprevalence of Sarcocystis neurona-specific antibodies in a population of horses residing in Chester County, Pa.

Design

Prevalence survey.

Sample Population

117 serum samples from selected members of a population of 580 Thoroughbred horses.

Procedure

Serum was analyzed for antibodies to Sarcocystic neurona, using a western blot. Information regarding age, sex, and housing of horse was obtained by questionnaire. Data were analyzed, using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Seroprevalence was 45.3% (95% CI, 36.3 to 54.3%). A relationship was not found between seroprevalence and sex of horse. Seroprevalence was greater in older horses (logistic regression; P = 0.16).

Clinical Implications

High seroprevalence of antibodies to S neurona and the lack of neurologic deficits among horses sampled indicate that positive results of serologic examination alone are of limited value for diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Clinical signs consistent with the disease are the most important consideration in accurate diagnosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:517–518)
Ipodate treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats
Authors: Murray Louise A. S. , Peterson Mark E.
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipodate in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats.

Design—

Prospective case series.

Animals—

12 cats with hyperthyroidism treated at The Animal Medical Center between November 1994 and March 1996.

Procedure—

Each cat initially received 100 mg of ipodate/d, PO, The drug's effects on clinical signs, body weight, heart rate, and serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine concentrations were evaluated 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 weeks after initiation of treatment. A CBC and serum biochemical analyses were performed at each evaluation to monitor potential adverse effects of the drug. Dosage of ipodate was increased to 150 mg/d and then to 200 mg/d at 2-week intervals if a good clinical response was not observed.

Results—

8 cats responded to treatment and 4 did not. Among cats that responded, mean body weight increased and mean heart rate and serum T3 concentration decreased during the study period. Among cats that did not respond, mean body weight decreased and mean heart rate and serum T3 concentration were not significantly changed. Serum thyroxine concentration remained high in all cats. Adverse clinical signs or hematologic abnormalities attributable to ipodate treatment were not reported in any of the cats.

Clinical Implications—

Ipodate may be a feasible alternative to methimazole for medical treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats, particularly those that cannot tolerate methimazole and are not candidates for surgery or radiotherapy. Cats with severe hyperthyroidism are less likely to respond to ipodate than are cats with mild or moderate disease, and cats in which serum T3 concentration does not return to the reference range are unlikely to have an adequate improvement in clinical signs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:63–67)
Comparison of thoracic radiographs with images transmitted via advanced telecommunications equipment
Authors: Rawlings Clarence A. , Roberts Royce , Jacobs Gil , McCall John , Brown John , Burrow Michael
Published: December 2023

Objective

To compare thoracic radiographs of clinically normal dogs and dogs with mild clinical heartworm disease with images transmitted by a desktop, two-way audiovisual teleconferencing system.

Design

Prospective, matched-set study.

Study Population

50 thoracic radiographs from clinically normal and heartworm-infected dogs and the digitally transmitted images of those radiographs.

Procedure

Thoracic radiographs from 25 clinically normal dogs and 25 dogs infected with 1 to 24 heartworms were evaluated by 3 clinicians. Using classic criteria for heartworm disease, evaluations of radiographs and images transmitted digitally over 2 highspeed data-transfer telephone lines (56 kilobits/s/line) were performed. Clinicians were asked to determine whether dogs had radiographic signs of heartworm disease.

Results

Clinicians’ ability to detect heartworm disease did not differ between interpretations of radiographs and those of transmitted images.

Clinical Implications

Radiographic images transmitted via a teleconference system can be used to provide reliable diagnostic information. Thoracic radiographs can be interpreted at a remote site permitting rapid consultation and immediate advice on clinical management. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1245–1248)
Pericarditis in horses: 18 cases (1986–1995)
Authors: Worth Leila T. , Reef Virginia B.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine clinical signs of pericarditis in horses and to determine whether there were any relationships among clinical signs, echocardiographic findings, treatment, and outcome.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

18 horses.

Results

Physical examination was performed on 16 horses. Cardiovascular abnormalities included tachycardia (n = 16), pericardial friction rub (10), venous distention (7), murmur (7), muffled heart sounds (6), weak arterial pulse (6), jugular pulse (6), and edema (5). Twelve horses also had respiratory abnormalities; the most common was dull lung sounds, ventrally, suggestive of pleural effusion (10). Echocardiography was the most important tool for diagnosis of pericarditis. Detection of clinical signs of right-sided heart failure was significantly associated with severe accumulation of pericardial effusion and with detection of cardiac compromise. Severe accumulation of pericardial effusion was also significantly associated with echocardiographic detection of cardiac compromise. Pericarditis was idiopathic in 6 horses, and bacterial in 5. Five horses had nonseptic pericarditis associated with bacterial respiratory disease, and 2 had nonseptic pericarditis associated with viral respiratory disease. Fourteen of the 18 horses were treated specifically for pericarditis; 10 received antimicrobials and 6 with suspected immune-mediated pericarditis received corticosteroids. Pericardial drainage and lavage were performed on 6 horses in which pericardial effusion or fibrin accumulation was compromising cardiac function. Pericarditis resolved in all 14 horses that were treated, and all 14 returned to their prior Intended use.

Clinical Implications

With early detection of disease and aggressive treatment, the prognosis for horses with pericarditis is good. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:248–253)
Financial impact of the 1995 outbreak of vesicular stomatitis on 16 beef ranches in Colorado
Authors: Hayek Amy M. , McCluskey Brian J. , Chavez Greg T. , Salman M. D.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine financial impact of an outbreak of vesicular stomatitis in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado.

Design

Survey and financial analysis.

Sample Population

16 ranchers whose beef herds were affected by the 1995 outbreak.

Procedure

Information concerning financial effects during the outbreak year was collected by personal interview of each rancher and examination of financial records.

Results

Affected herds ranged from 79 to 956 cows (mean, 345). Cow case-fatality rates ranged from 0 to 80%, with calf case-fatality rates ranging from 0 to 28% and overall case-fatality rates of 0 to 15%. Median financial loss was $7,818/ranch and mean financial loss was $15,565/ranch, excluding total financial losses associated with sale of calves. Primary financial losses for these beef herds were attributed to increased culling rates, death of pregnant cows, loss of income from calves, and costs for additional labor during the outbreak. Some costs were attributable to a decrease in market price for beef and a drought during the year after the outbreak.

Clinical Implications

Financial losses for an out-break of vesicular stomatitis can be attributed to effects of the disease and costs associated with imposed quarantines. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:820-823)
Association of sex of fetus, sire, month of conception, or year of foaling with duration of gestation in Standardbred mares
Authors: Marteniuk Judy V. , Carleton Carla L. , Lloyd James W. , Shea MaryEllen
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether sex of fetus, sire, month of conception, or year of foaling was associated with duration of gestation in mares.

Design

Epidemiologic retrospective cohort study.

Animals

500 foalings for 296 Standardbred mares.

Procedure

Data for reproductive events from 1986 to 1992 were analyzed. Analyses were conducted to determine whether duration of gestation was associated with sex of fetus, sire, month of conception, or year of foaling.

Results

Mean duration of gestation was 343.3 days and was significantly greater for colt fetuses (344.4 days) than for filly fetuses (342.2 days). Sire was associated with duration of gestation; gestation after mating with certain sires was consistently less than 340 days in duration, whereas duration after mating with other sires was consistently more than 350 days. Duration of gestation was associated with month of conception, decreasing by about 2.5 d/mo for mares conceiving later during the breeding season.

Clinical Implications

Duration of gestation is affected by mating to specific sires and by month of conception. Stallions associated with exceptionally prolonged gestations might be used to breed mares early in the breeding season, whereas stallions associated with shorter gestations might be desirable for mares bred later in the breeding season. Preparations for impending parturition should be more effective and efficient with improved information on expected date of parturition. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1743–1745)
Randomized controlled trial of effects of Escherichia coli antiserum on serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and morbidity and mortality rates in foals
Authors: Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether administration of commercially available Escherichia coli antiserum to neonatal foals would affect serum IgG concentration or morbidity and mortality rates during the first 60 days of life.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Animals

271 neonatal foals on 4 well-managed farms.

Procedure

Foals were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. All foals were allowed to suckle colostrum normally. In addition, treatment-group foals were given E coli antiserum (10 ml) orally between 0 and 8 hours after birth. Serum samples were obtained between 18 and 36 hours after birth, and serum IgG concentration was determined. Foals were monitored for the first 60 days after birth, and causes of disease or death were recorded.

Results

Groups did not differ significantly in regard to breed, sex, month of birth, season of birth, age of dams, parity of dams, duration of gestation, or specific gravity of colostrum before suckling. In addition, groups did not differ significantly in regard to mean serum IgG concentration, prevalence of complete or partial failure of passive transfer of immunity, frequency or causes of disease, or frequency of death from infectious causes.

Clinical Implications

In this group of foals on well-managed farms, administration of E coli antiserum did not alter serum IgG concentrations or morbidity and mortality rates during the first 60 days of life. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1746–1750)
Paraneoplastic pruritus and alopecia in a horse with diffuse lymphoma
Authors: Finley Melissa R. , Rebhun William C. , Dee Andie , Langsetmo Ingrid
Published: December 2023

In animals with cancer, clinical signs that are not directly related to local or distant spread of the tumor are considered paraneoplastic.

Reported paraneoplastic disorders in horses with lymphoma include fever, hypercalcemia, and anemia.

Paraneoplastic pruritus and alopecia can develop in people with lymphoma; furthermore, lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnoses when examining horses with generalized pruritus for which another cause cannot be identified.
Comparison of hypertonic saline-dextran solution and lactated Ringer's solution for resuscitating severely dehydrated calves with diarrhea
Authors: Walker Pamela G. , Constable Peter D. , Morin Dawn E. , Foreman Jonathan H. , Drackley James K. , Thurmon John C.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine effectiveness of rapid IV administration of hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) solution combined with oral administration of isotonic electrolyte solution for resuscitating severely dehydrated calves and to compare the resuscitative response with that of a conventional treatment of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) IV and orally administered isotonic electrolyte solution.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

15 male dairy calves 3 to 10 days old.

Procedure

Baseline data were obtained. Osmotic diarrhea and severe dehydration were induced for 48 hours. Calves were then allocated to 3 treatment groups. The control group (group C) did not receive fluids, a second group (group H) received hypertonic saline (7.2% NaCI) solution with 6% dextran 70 and isotonic electrolyte solution, and a third group (group L) received LRS and isotonic electrolyte solution. Physical examinations were performed every 8 hours.

Results

Calves developed diarrhea, lethargy, severe dehydration (mean, 14% of body weight), azotemia, hyperkalemia, and mild acidemia. Group-C calves remained lethargic and severely dehydrated during the 24-hour treatment phase. Calves treated with HSD and LRS were effectively resuscitated; however, response for most variables was more rapid and sustained for the HSD-treated group. Cardiac output was greater in LRS- than HSD-treated calves 1, 2, and 8 hours after initiation of treatment because of continued IV administration of fluids.

Clinical Implications

A combination of HSD and isotonic electrolyte solution was a rapid and effective method for resuscitation of severely dehydrated calves. It was similar in effectiveness to conventional treatment in which LRS and isotonic electrolyte solution were used for resuscitating calves with severe dehydration.(J Am Vet Med Accoc 1998;213:113-121)
Histologie features and results of virus isolation tests of tissues obtained from teat lesions that developed in dairy cattle during winter
Authors: Timms L. L. , Van Der Maaten Martin J. , Kehrli M. E. , Ackermann M. R.
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To determine microscopic features and involvement of viruses in teat-end lesions (TEL) of dairy cows during winter.

Sample Population—

Teats with TEL on lactating Holstein cows and from udders of carcasses.

Procedure—

Tissues obtained from TEL of 10 teats from 7 cows on 2 research farms during the winter of 1994 to 1995 and 13 teats with TEL excised from udders of carcasses at an abattoir during February 1995 were submitted for virus isolation. During the winter of 1995 to 1996, an increased prevalence of TEL was observed in a research herd. After a decrease in ambient temperature, TEL were identified, and a full-thickness section of epidermis was removed from skin surrounding teat orifices. Tissues were examined by use of light and electron transmission microscopy.

Results—

Viruses were not isolated from TEL tissues. Lesions ranged from mild elevations of the epidermis to thickened oval regions that encircled the teat orifice. The most severe lesions were dark and had thick crusts. Histologically, TEL were composed of thickened regions of epidermis most notably caused by hyperplasia of cells within the stratum spinosum. Excess production of keratinocytes was also evident, and the keratinocyte layer often contained bacteria. Ultrastructurally, squamous cells contained large amounts of keratin, but virions were not detected. Evidence of a viral etiologic agent for TEL was not detected.

Clinical Implications—

Development of TEL may be associated with decreases in ambient temperature. Numerous bacteria were evident in the keratin of TEL. Lesions and associated bacteria may predispose cows to mastitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:862-865)
Reliability of using results of abdominal fluid analysis to determine treatment and predict lesion type and outcome for horses with colic: 218 cases (1991-1994)
Authors: Freden Gregory O. , Provost Patricia J. , Rand William M.
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To assess clinical utility of abdominal fluid analysis in predicting outcome, lesion type, and whether medical or surgical treatment is indicated for horses with colic.

Design—

Retrospective study.

Animals—

218 horses > 1 year old.

Procedure—

Horses were classified on the basis of age, site of lesion, lesion type (nonstrangulating vs strangulating), type of treatment (medical vs surgical), and outcome (survival vs nonsurvival). Sensitivity and specificity of using age and results of abdominal fluid analysis, individually and in combination, to predict lesion type, type of treatment, and outcome were determined.

Results—

Most single variables evaluated were found to have low sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for determining lesion type, whether medical or surgical treatment was indicated, and outcome. When evaluated in series, abdominal fluid color and specific gravity had a high positive predictive value for lesion type, and patient age and abdominal fluid color had a high positive predictive value for outcome.

Clinical Implications—

Results of abdominal fluid analysis cannot be used alone to accurately predict lesion type, whether medical or surgical treatment is needed, or outcome for horses with colic. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:213:1012-1015)
Clinical and immunologic responses of vaccinated and unvaccinated calves to infection with a virulent type-II isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Cortese Victor S. , West Keith H. , Hassard Lori E. , Carman Suzanne , Ellis John A.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine efficacy of a modified-live type-I isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine in protecting calves from infection with a virulent type-II isolate, and to determine which type of immune response (ie, humoral or cellular) correlates with protection.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

28 neonatal Holstein and Holstein-cross calves.

Procedure

Within 18 hours of birth, calves received maternal colostrum or were fed pooled colostrum. On days 7 to 10 after birth, calves were determined to be seropositive (n = 16) or seronegative (12) for antibodies to BVDV on the basis of ELISA and virus neutralization test results. Seropositive and seronegative 10- to 14-day-old calves were then given a combined vaccine that contained a modified-live type-I isolate of BVDV or a similar vaccine that lacked protection against bovine viral diarrhea. All calves were inoculated intranasally approximately 21 days after vaccination with a virulent type-II isolate of BVDV. Clinical and immunologic variables, including clinical scores, rectal temperatures, results of CBC with lymphocyte subset analysis, antibody responses, and cell-mediated immune responses, were monitored for 14 days after inoculation.

Results

Seronegative-unvaccinated calves developed severe disease and required euthanasia. Vaccination of seronegative calves with a modified-live type-I isolate had a disease-sparing effect as did passive transfer of colostral antibodies to BVDV. Clinical scores were not significantly different between seropositive-vaccinated and seropositive-unvaccinated calves after viral inoculation.

Clinical Implications

A single dose of a modified-live type-I isolate of BVDV vaccine protects young calves from clinical signs of disease associated with type-II isolates. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1312-1319)
Serum α1-acid glycoprotein concentrations before and after relapse in dogs with lymphoma treated with doxorubicin
Authors: Hahn Kevin A. , Freeman Kimberly P. , Barnhill Mary A. , Stephen Edward L.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration was a useful marker of relapse in dogs with lymphoma that were in clinical remission following treatment with doxorubicin.

Design

Cohort study.

Animals

12 dogs with lymphoma and 10 healthy dogs.

Procedure

Serum AGP concentration was measured in the healthy dogs and in the dogs with lymphoma before treatment, 3 weeks after the first dose of doxorubicin was administered, and every 3 weeks thereafter until relapse (ie, recurrence of clinically detectable disease such as palpable enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes). Serum AGP concentrations were determined by use of a radial immunodiffusion kit.

Results

Mean serum AGP concentration in healthy dogs was significantly less than concentration in dogs with lymphoma prior to treatment. Mean serum AGP concentrations after the first and each subsequent dose of doxorubicin were not significantly different from concentration in healthy dogs. However, mean serum AGP concentrations 3 weeks prior to and at the time of relapse were significantly higher than concentration measured after the first dose of doxorubicin, and were not significantly different from concentration measured before treatment.

Clinical Implications

Results suggest that measuring serum AGP concentration may be a useful method of predicting relapse before recurrence of clinically detectable disease in dogs with lymphoma undergoing treatment with doxorubicin. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1023–1025)
Antibiotic residues in milk samples obtained from cows after treatment for papillomatous digital dermatitis
Authors: Britt Jenks S. , Carson Mary C. , von Bredow Jurgen D. , Condon Robert J.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether there would be detectable antibiotic residues in milk obtained from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) after topical treatment with oxytetracycline.

Design

Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Animals

28 lactating Holstein cows with PDD.

Procedure

Cows were assigned to 2 treatment groups. Treatment 1 (n = 16) consisted of spraying of PDD lesions with 15 ml of a solution containing 100 mg of oxytetracycline/ml; lesions were sprayed twice daily for 7 days, using a garden sprayer. Treatment 2 (n = 12) consisted of a one-time application of a bandage that consisted of cotton soaked with 20 ml of a solution containing 100 mg of oxytetracycline/ml. Milk samples were obtained before and after treatment and assayed for tetracycline content by use of high-performance liquid chromatography and a commercially available tetracycline screening test.

Results

None of the cows in either treatment group had violative residues of oxytetracycline in milk samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Producers treating lactating cows that have PDD, via topical application of oxytetracycline solution at the concentrations reported in this study, have a low risk of causing violative antibiotic residues in milk. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:833–836)
Article I: Prevention and education regarding rabies in human beings
Authors: Hanlon Cathleen A. , Olson James G. , Clark Cathy J. , _ _
Published: December 2023

Substantial changes in the epizootic characteristics of rabies have transpired in the United States during the past 50 years. Traditional veterinary practices and public health recommendations have effectively controlled rabies in dogs and prevented associated human fatalities; however, they have been unable to adequately address the problem of rabies in wildlife. Attributable in part to a renewed focus on emerging infectious diseases, a conference was held at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1993 to begin discussion focused on the reemergence of rabies and to formulate new suggestions for prevention and control of rabies in the United States. Three major working groups were formed from a national committee of professionals representing a broad array of biomedical disciplines. These groups concentrated on prevention of rabies in human beings, education, laboratory diagnosis of rabies, and rabies control in animals. The groups described the perceived minimum requirements to promote prevention and control of rabies in the United States into the next century. The following article describes the needs and recommendations identified by the prevention and education working group. Two other articles, scheduled for the Nov 15 and Dec 1, 1999 issues of JAVMA, will relay the needs and recommendations of the working groups on laboratory diagnosis of rabies and rabies in wildlife.
Present Condition of the Protected Area of Endangered Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus) Golden-Red in East-Central Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Purnama Arief Anthonius , Masunaga Tsugiyuki
Published: December 2023

The only location for the protection of Arowana golden-red in its natural habitat is in east-central Sumatra. Currently, the area is being invaded by oil palm plantations. This research identified the present conditions in that conservation area, specifically focusing on land-use situation and aquatic organism distribution and diversity. We designated four sampling sites according to the stratification of river flows that pass through the Arowana golden-red conservation area and present land use. The research showed that oil palm plantation was the largest land use in the Arowana golden-red conservation area covering 61.2% (2,310.84 ha). The swamp forest which is the habitat of Arowana golden-red only remained at 6.99% (263.98 ha). In the study area, aquatic organisms were identified as 47 species with a total of 424 individuals: 7 genera of Benthos, 11 species of Planktonic algae, and 29 species of Fish. The diversity index was in the range of 0.46–2.45. The diversity of aquatic organisms was found to be comparable to or higher than other areas in Malaysia and Indonesia such as Aceh province and Kalimantan. However, only 31 individuals of Arowana golden-red were found in the swamp forest in Middle Mahato. This site should be a priority area to save the Arowana golden-red.
The taxonomy of “digital health interventions” and their subgroups in the therapeutic rehabilitation of stroke patients – A scoping review / Die Taxonomie der “digitalen Gesundheitsinterventionen” und ihrer Untergruppen in der therapeutischen Schlaganfallrehabilitation – Ein Scoping Review
Authors: Stangenberg-Gliss Kirsten , Elser Alexander , Borgetto Bernhard Maria
Published: December 2023

Background

Stroke is a leading cause of impairment and death. Many survivors suffer from motor, sensory and speech impairments and require ongoing rehabilitation. Digital health interventions have the potential to overcome barriers such as distance between patient and therapist. However, there is a lack of clarity in terms and definitions used in research and practice. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the definitions and terms used in publications by healthcare professionals (occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech and language therapy) related to digital stroke rehabilitation.

Methods

We did a scoping review of all publications related to stroke survivors who received synchronous technology-based distance therapeutic rehabilitation services in physical, occupational therapy, as well as speech and language therapy (PT, OT, SLT). Services were image-based, sensor-based, virtual environment and/or virtual reality-based, and publications were published worldwide in English, French or German between the year 2000 and December 2022, including elaboration of a concept map of the terms and definitions used.

Results

There is a lack of consistency in terminology and definitions in the field of digital stroke rehabilitation across different countries, languages and professional groups. A preference for the term ‘telerehabilitation’ could be found, as well as a definition.

Discussion

Although the WHO taxonomy aims to provide a ‚bridging language’ to ensure understanding between different actors, exchange and networking among the therapeutic professions would be necessary to reach a common term for ‚consultations between remote clients and healthcare providers’ in stroke rehabilitation.
Proliferation of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) from bulbils and leaf cutting treated by NAA and BA
Authors: Putri Ayu Diah Putu Laksmi , Wiendi Ni Made Armini , Santosa Edi
Published: December 2023

Javanese konjac or iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume, Araceae) is a tuber crop native to Indonesia as a source of carbohydrat, also contains a lot of glucomannan, which has high economic value as a raw material in industry. The study aimed to develop the propagation method of A. muelleri from bulbils and leaf cuttings through the plant growth regulator (PGR) application of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benziladenin (BA). The research was conducted from August 2020 to December 2021 at IPB University, Bogor. The study consisted of three experiments based on the type of propagation material. Each experiment used a randomized complete block design with three factors, i.e., NAA concentrations (0, 2, and 4 mg L-1), BA concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg L-1), and propagation materials (Experiment 1: small, medium, large bulbils; Experiment 2: immature and mature peak leaflet cuttings; Experiment 3: immature and mature base leaflet cuttings). The results showed that there was an interaction of three factors in the bulbils and PGR application, which had a significant effect on the percentage of axillary shoot proliferation and growth. In Experiment 2, PGR application was unable to regenerate peak leaflet cuttings, whereas in Experiment 3 PGR encouraged base leaflet cuttings to form shoots, roots, and bulbils, especially at concentrations of 2 mg L-1 NAA+15 mg L-1 BA and 4 mg L-1 NAA+15 mg L-1 BA.

Keywords: α-naphthaleneacetic acid, benziladenin, iles-iles, Javanese konjac, plant growth regulators
ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ ОСВІТНЬО-НАУКОВИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ СУСПІЛЬНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ (1991 – 2023)
Authors: КОМАР Володимир , ОКСЮТЕНКО Констянтин
Published: December 2023

Мета статті полягає у комплексному дослідженні особливостей цифровізації освітньо-наукових процесів в Україні та її відображенні в українській суспільній думці уконтексті освітніх реформ та суспільно-політичних процесів у нашій державі. Методологічну основу роботи становлять принципи історизму, системності й об’єктивності у підході до висвітлення подій минулого на основі комплексного вивчення джерел та наукової літератури. При розв’язанні поставлених завдань використано загальнонаукові (систематизації, типологізації, ретроспекції) та спеціально-історичні (проблемно-хронологічний, історично-порівняльний, критично-аналітичний, біографічний) методи. Наукова новизна. Чи не вперше в українській науковій думці цифровізацію освітньо-наукового процесу розглянуто крізь призму суспільного реакції на новації центральних органів влади та її спроб модернізувати освітню сферу у руслі провідних європейських трендів в освіті та науці. Висновки. Констатовано, що процес цифровізації освітньої сфери в Україні започатковано на зламі ХХ – ХХІ століття, хоча у цей період відчувалася нестача (а) належної матеріально-технічної бази у середній та вищій школі та (б) кваліфікованих кадрів, здатних працювати у новій освітній парадигмі. Зазначено, що суспільство не було готове до революційних перетворень в освіті, які ґрунтувалося на цифровізації та тяжіло до пострадянської моделі організації освітнього процесу. Відзначено, що тільки упродовж останнього десятиліття, особливо у період пандемії коронавірусу, цифрові технології (хмарні технології) глибоко увійшли у повсякдення середньої та вищої школи, а на рівні з традиційною освітою суспільство почало користуватися нетрадиційною та інноваційними продуктами (електронні підручники, дистанційні курси, електронні бібліотеки тощо).

Ключові слова: Україна, цифровізація, освіта, наука, суспільний дискурс, комп’ютеризація, інформаційно-комунікативні технології, інновації, навчальний процес.
ЖІНОЧІ ОБЛИЧЧЯ ПОЛЬСЬКОЇ КЛІО У РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ ВИМІРІ (1945 – 1989) (рецензія на монографію: Kolbuszewska J. Kobiety na naukowym Olimpie? Łódzkie adeptki Klio w latach 1945 –1989 [Women on the scientific Olympus? Lodz adepts Klio in the years 1945 – 1989]. Łódż: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódżkiego, 2021. 270 s.)
Authors: ЛАЗУРКО Лідія , ВОВК Олена
Published: December 2023

рецензія на монографію: Kolbuszewska J. Kobiety na naukowym Olimpie? Łódzkie adeptki Klio w latach 1945 –1989 [Women on the scientific Olympus? Lodz adepts Klio in the years 1945 – 1989]. Łódż : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódżkiego, 2021. 270 s.
ДО ПЕРЕМОГИ – РАЗОМ ІЗ ЦИВІЛІЗОВАНИМ СВІТОМ (рецензія на книгу: Віднянський С., Мартинов А. Російсько-українська війна та міжнародне співтовариство: монографія. Київ: Інститут історії України НАН України, 2023. 264 с.)
Authors: ПРОЦЬ Олександра , ЯКИМЕНКО Ігор
Published: December 2023

рецензія на книгу: Віднянський С., Мартинов А. Російсько-українська війна та міжнародне співтовариство: монографія. Київ: Інститут історії України НАН України, 2023. 264 с.
Determinants of Choice of Marketing Outlet for Edible Insects among Smallholder Farmers and Traders in Western Kenya
Authors: Omondi Lydia Akinyi , Orinda Mary
Published: December 2023

The edible insect sector has, in recent times, gained significant prominence and attention. Particularly, the government of Kenya has made remarkable steps to achieve a potentially large and valuable edible insect market, with a significant milestone being the passing of regulations on edible insects as a new source of proteins. However, research on the edible insect marketing environment is still indistinct. Therefore, the study sought to evaluate the determinants of the market outlets preferred or used by smallholder farmers and traders of domesticated and field-collected edible insects (including cricket, bees, winged termites, lake flies, and dung beetle) in Siaya and Vihiga counties. This cross-sectional study was done among 188 edible insects’ farmers and traders. Purposive sampling identified the study area, while snowball sampling reached the study participants. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using multinomial logit regression to assess independent-dependent variable relationships, yielding marginal effects. Study findings showed that at 95% confidence interval, the yield was significant to the three outlets used by the farmers. Gender was significant to both institution and open-air markets outlets but insignificant to selling at the farm gate. Age, education level, and experience in marketing were insignificant to all the three market outlets. Marketing training was significant to the institution and open-air markets. The study also showed that farmers and traders had limited choices to sell their edible insect produce, which was majorly affected by yield and age variables. In view of these findings, enhancing edible insect marketing and training through initiatives that would increase production among farmers and breaking the attitudes toward open-air marketing among male farmers is pivotal to the thriving of the novel food enterprise towards achieving food security in the region.
Presence of Phthalates in Vacuum Packaged Kashar Cheeses Sold Retails in Türkiye
Authors: Kılıç Mustafa , Dağdemir Elif , Hayaloğlu Ali Adnan
Published: December 2023

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are synthetic compounds, commonly used as plasticizers and softeners in plastic material production, and they are recognized as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This study was focused on monitoring the extent of PAEs migration in vacuum-packaged Kashar cheeses and plastic materials used in their packaging. A total of fifteen cheese samples were tested for PAEs, including benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP). The quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) limits varied between 0.197 to 0.619 µg/mL and 0.059 to 0.185 µg/mL for all analytes, respectively. All phthalate ester concentrations in both of the cheese samples and their packaging materials were below the detectable level LOQ of the analytical method. FTIR spectra also confirmed that the packaging materials which consisted of polypropylene and polyethylene.
A case-control study for comorbidity and laboratory factors associated with food-induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Magen Eli , Merzon Eugene , Green Ilan , Golan-Cohen Avivit , Magen Israel , Vinker Shlomo , Israel Ariel
Published: December 2023

Background: Food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) is a serious and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction triggered by food allergens. Objective: This case-control study aimed to investigate comorbidities and laboratory factors associated with FIA in
the pediatric population of Israel. Methods: Retrospective data from the electronic health records of Leumit Health Care Services were used to identify 711 pediatric patients with FIA and 2560 subjects with food allergy and without anaphylaxis matched for age, gender, and
ethnicity. Comorbidities were identified based on medical billing diagnosis codes, and laboratory characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of patients with FIA was 4.1 ± 4.1 years, and 37.3% were girls.
Laboratory analysis revealed increased eosinophil counts (p < 0.001), elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) (p < 0.001), and IgA levels (p = 0.001) in the FIA group compared with the controls. With regard to comorbidities, the FIA group had higher prevalence rates of allergic diseases, including
allergic rhinitis (odds ratio [OR] 1.72; p < 0.001), allergic conjunctivitis (OR 1.84; p = 0.001), asthma (OR 1.36; p < 0.001), angioedema (OR 6.37; p < 0.001), atopic dermatitis (OR 1.77; p < 0.001), and contact dermatitis (OR 1.42; p = 0.001). There was a trend toward significance
for chronic spontaneous urticaria (p = 0.051). There was a significant negative association between helminthiases, particularly enterobiasis, and FIA (OR 0.76 [95% confidence interval, 0.59‐0.98]; p = 0.029). Conclusion: This study provides valuable epidemiologic
evidence on the associations among FIA, comorbidities, and laboratory factors in the pediatric population.
Wall-Normal Focused Laser Differential Interferometry
Authors: Lunte Jens , Schülein Erich
Published: December 2023

A new approach for measuring boundary-layer disturbances with focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI) for planar models is presented. By integrating a glass window into a flat plate, the optical axis was aligned normal to the model surface, and the focal plane was set inside the boundary layer. By determining the extent of the sensitive volume along the optical axis and calculating the analytical transfer function of the setup, the implications of the FLDI properties on the measured data are analyzed. Measurements performed on a flat plate at Mach 6 are used to demonstrate the effects of the laminar–turbulent transition on the spectral distribution of the power density and to explicitly verify the detectability of the expected second-mode instabilities. Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed setup compared to the conventional one are discussed.