bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Veinte años de élites parlamentarias en América latina (1994-2014)
Authors: García Díez Fátima , Mateos Díaz Araceli , Rivas Cristina
Published: July 2019

SUMARIO: I.- Antecedentes y estado de la cuestión. II.- Objetivos y diseño metodológico. III.- Decisiones metodológicas a lo largo de la investigación. A) Decisiones metodológicas derivadas del cuestionario. B) Decisiones metodológicas derivadas de la unidad de análisis. IV.- Contribución académica. V.- Bibliografía utilizada y especializada.
De Querétaro a la Constitutión de la Segunda República Española a través de Weimar (1919) y Viena (1920)
Authors: Manrique Mayor Joaquín
Published: July 2019

SUMARIO: 1.- Análisis detallado de los orígenes de la Constitución de Querétaro. A) Weimar: análisis de sus orígenes inmediatos, de sus puntos de contacto y semejanzas con la constitución de Querétaro y finalmente también de su fracaso. B) Viena (1920).Análisis de sus orígenes inmediatos y de sus puntos de contacto con la constitución de Querétaro. Evolución y fracaso. C) Segunda República española. Orígenes, e influencias recibidas tanto de Querétaro como de Weimar y Viena. 2-. Análisis de las siguientes cuestiones planteadas y resueltas parcialmente por las cuatro constituciones, con aproximaciones y resultados similares: A) Derechos económicos y sociales. Declaraciones de derechos económicos y sociales en las cuatro constituciones así como sus garantías. 1. Cuestión religiosa: planteamientos diferentes y soluciones diferentes en las diversas constituciones. 2. El problema de la enseñanza: consagración de la libertad de enseñanza y problemas con la iglesia o las iglesias. 3. Parte orgánica: estructura del Estado. B) Cuestión agraria y patrimonio. C) Justicia constitucional: México, Weimar, Viena (polémica Kelsen V. Carl Schmitt), España (Tribunal de garantías constitucionales). 4. Estudio especial de las comisiones permanentes, instituida por primera vez en la Constitución de Cádiz en 1812 y heredada por México y también por otros países 5. Conclusión estática y dinámica constitucional. Verfassungs Schwandlung V. Verfassung anderung (Cambio constitucional y reforma constitucional). Karl Loewenstein: El traje constitucional y el armario: A. Momento histórico en el que nacen. B. Fuerzas político-sociales en presencia. C. Lucha por la libertad y por la justicia. D. Almond y Verba (la cultura cívica).
Nota al Proyecto de Ley de Denominaciones de Origen e Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas de ámbito territorial supra-autonómico (121/000116)
Authors: Sala Arquer José Manuel , Miranda López Luis Manuel
Published: July 2019

I.- Antecedentes del proyecto de ley e incidencia del mismo en el ordenamiento jurídico vigente. 1. Objetivo y fines. 2. Marco jurídico actual. 2.1. Normativa estatal. 2.2. Normativa de la Unión Europea. 3. Impacto en el ordenamiento jurídico. II.- El marco competencial y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional. III.- Observaciones técnicas al articulado del proyecto.
Guía para explicar el derecho a la libertad
Authors: Pérez-Serrano Jáuregui Nicolás
Published: July 2019

SUMARIO: I.- Explicación de propósitos. II.- Una guía para explicar el derecho a la libertad. Prius respecto a una ciencia jurídica: el derecho de las libertades (Imprescindible enfoque multidisciplinar para que el resultado sea una ciencia integral). III.- Los ocho apartados mínimos de esa guía: desde la aproximación al concepto de libertad hasta la reseña de remedios para las violaciones de las libertades. IV.- Un método educativo que cultive (exponga y elogie) lo constitucional y, en particular, nuestras libertades: ¿Hacia una asignatura de "cultura constitucional y enseñanza integral del derecho a las libertades" en que pueda explicarse el contenido de esa guía?.
Senderos y recovecos en cincuenta años de las Cortes
Authors: Fraile Clivillés Manuel
Published: July 2019

Reflexiones sobre cincuenta años en las Cortes
Trascendiendo a Watson. Su aplicación al sistema jurídico decisional
Authors: Merino Merchán José Fernando
Published: July 2019

I.- Planteamiento. II.- La Justicia: Una Ilusión Colectiva. III.- Vaguedad y Ambigüedad En Los Sistemas De Resolucion De Conflictos. Logica Borrosa. IV.- Watson Y El Programa Experto Decisional (Ped). Fundamentos Lógicos Del Programa. V.- Funcionamiento Del Ped. Imitando A Watson. VI.- Trascendiendo A Watson. Evolucion Cooperativa. VII.- Conclusiones.
Procedimiento legislativo histórico español 1876-1936
Authors: Santaolalla López Fernando.
Published: July 2019

Se exponen las características principales del procedimiento de discusión y aprobación de las leyes en el parlamentarismo histórico español, con particular referencia a dos grandes periodos: el de la restauración monárquica 1876-1923, muy influido por las prácticas anteriores, y el de la segunda República 1931-36. Se estudia cómo funcionaba en la realidad, más allá de lo dispuesto en la Constitución y en los reglamentos parlamentarios. A tal efecto se han seguido los avatares de diversas leyes de ambos periodos. Entrambos existía una profunda cercanía, manifestada en las facilidades para presentar iniciativas y enmiendas y para consumir turnos de palabra. De otra parte, el debate político se centraba en las sesiones plenarias, durante las cuales la comisión dictaminadora seguía jugando un papel relevante. Los proyectos importantes se debatían artículo por artículo y luego se votaban en su totalidad.
Association of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor With von Willebrand Factor and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: KARASEK D. , SPURNA J. , KUBICKOVA V. , KRYSTYNIK O. , CIBICKOVA L. , SCHOVANEK J. , GOLDMANNOVA D.
Published: July 2019

To compare circulating pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) levels in type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS+/-) to healthy controls and assess PEDF association with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Fifty T2D individuals and forty healthy controls were included. PEDF, PAI-1, vWF, anthropological parameters, lipids, and markers of insulin resistance were investigated in all subjects. Compared to controls only MetS+ diabetics had higher PEDF levels [14.2 (10.2-16.0) mg/l vs. 11.1 (8.6-14.4) mg/l; p<0.05]. PEDF significantly correlated: positively with body mass index (ρ=0.25), smoking (ρ=0.21), C-reactive protein (ρ=0.22), triglycerides (ρ=0.38), non-HDL-cholesterol (ρ=0.39), apolipoprotein B (ρ=0.38), fasting glucose (ρ=0.22), glycated hemoglobin (ρ=0.24), C-peptide (ρ=0.28), insulin (ρ=0.26); and negatively with HDL-cholesterol (ρ=-0.42) and apolipoprotein A1 (ρ=-0.27). Independent association of PEDF with vWF in T2DMetS- subjects was found. Significantly elevated PEDF in T2DMet+ patients and its association with adverse metabolic profile confirmed PEDF as a marker of insulin resistance. Negative independent association of PEDF with vWF in T2DMetS- patients may reveal its angio-protective role.
Klasifikasi Tahap Kematangan Pisang Ambon Berdasarkan Warna Menggunakan Naive Bayes
Authors: Yulianto Dwi , Whidhiasih Retno Nugroho , Maimunah Maimunah
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

 

Banana fruit is a commodity that contributes a great value to both national and international fruit production achievement. The government through the National Standardization Agency establishes standards to maintain the quality of bananas. The purpose of this Project is to classify the stages of maturity of Ambon banana base on the color index using Naïve Bayes method in accordance with the regulations of SNI 7422:2009. Naive Bayes is used as a method in the classification process by comparing the probability values generated from the variable value of each model to determine the stage of Ambon banana maturity. The data used is the primary data image of 105 pieces of Ambon banana. By using 3 models which consists of different variables obtained the same greatest average accuracy by using the 2nd model which has 9 variable values (r, g, b, v, * a, * b, entropy, energy, and homogeneity) and the 3rd model has 7 variable values (r, g, b, v , * a, entropy and homogeneity) that is 90.48%.

 

Keywords: banana maturity, classification, image processing

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Buah pisang merupakan komoditas yang memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap angka produksi buah nasional maupun internasional. Pemerintah melalui Badan Standarisasi Nasional menetapkan standar untuk buah pisang, menjaga mutu  buah pisang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah klasifikasi tahapan kematangan dari buah pisang ambon berdasarkan indeks warna menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes  sesuai dengan SNI 7422:2009. Naive bayes digunakan sebagai metode dalam proses pengklasifikasian dengan cara membandingkan nilai probabilitas yang dihasilkan dari nilai variabel penduga setiap model untuk menentukan tahap kematangan pisang ambon. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer citra pisang ambon sebanyak 105. Dengan menggunakan 3 buah model yang terdiri dari variabel penduga yang berbeda didapatkan akurasi rata-rata terbesar yang sama yaitu dengan menggunakan model ke-2 yang mempunyai 9 nilai variabel (r, g, b, v, *a, *b, entropi, energi, dan homogenitas) dan model ke-3 yang mempunyai 7 nilai variabel (r, g, b, v, *a, entropi dan homogenitas) yaitu sebesar 90.48%.

 

Kata Kunci : kematangan pisang,  klasifikasi, pengolahan citra
Space Medicine Training in Canada
Authors: Sirek Adam , Samoil Kathleen , Harrison Michael F.
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION: Aerospace medicine training is often difficult to obtain outside of military education streams. Undergraduate medical trainees and residents may undertake training opportunities, but often have trouble locating programs and/or receiving credit for their experiences
and learning. In many countries, no formal aerospace medicine training program or pathway exists and trainees must search out opportunities on their own. Canada is used as an example of a country which, until recently, had no defined civilian aerospace medicine training program or credentialing
pathway. Recent development of a Diploma in Aerospace Medicine certified by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons now outlines a series of competencies for trainees and medical professionals seeking advancement in aerospace medicine. Growth of the aviation and aerospace fields will
require more training opportunities and more aerospace medicine professionals to support the increased number of aviators and the spacefaring population. This will be particularly important as commercial space companies develop the potential for civilian spaceflight. While few opportunities
exist for training, we highlight the major aerospace medicine training opportunities that have been recently available to Canadians. It is our hope that highlighting previous and current opportunities may aid in the development of a formal training program leading to certification in aerospace
medicine for Canadians and act as an example for other nations.Sirek A, Samoil K, Harrison MF. Space medicine training in Canada. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(8):725–729.
Hypertension and Obesity Among Civil Aviation Pilots
Authors: Bhat Keshavamurthy Ganapathy , Verma Niket , Pant Pankaj , Singh Marwaha Manvinder Pal
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Raised blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is a common cause of sudden in-flight incapacitation among pilots. Prevalence of hypertension (HT) among pilots as per new criteria is largely unknown. This study aims to understand the
prevalence of hypertension and obesity in civil aviation pilots and their correlation.METHODS: Enrolled were 1185 civilian pilots reporting for medical evaluation to a regulatory medical establishment in India. Their height, weight, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Pilots
were categorized as hypertensive or normotensive as per JNC VIII criteria and hypertensive, having elevated BP, or normotensive as per new ACC/AHA criteria of 2017. Data were analyzed for prevalence of obesity and overweight as per both WHO and Asia Pacific criteria. Results were analyzed
using SPSS version 17.RESULTS: Prevalence of hypertension was 4.1%. Maximum hypertensives were in the 26–35 yr age group. Under the new ACC/AHA guidelines, prevalence of HT was 18.7%. Prevalences of overweight and obesity as per WHO criteria were 39% and 7.3% and as per Asia
Pacific guidelines were 23.3% and 46.3%, respectively. As BMI increased above 23, risk of developing hypertension or white coat hypertension as per JNC VIII criteria increased by 6.86 times (OR 6.86, 95% CI 0.9–52.58).CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of HT rose from 4.1% to an alarmingly
high 18.7% when new criteria were applied. Prevalence of obesity was 7.3% but increased to 46.3% when Asia Pacific guidelines were applied. Risk of hypertension increased as BMI increased above 23 kg · m−2.Bhat KG, Verma N, Pant P, Marwaha MPS. Hypertension
and obesity among civil aviation pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(8):703–708.
Gender Differences Related to Lifestyle Behaviour of University Students
Authors: Vizbaraitė Daiva , Kleivaitė Julija , Mickevičius Vaidas
Published: July 2019

Background. A healthy lifestyle is the one of the most relevant subjects in a modern society comprising three factors – healthy diet, sufficient physical activity, and absence of harmful habits (Strukčinskienė et al., 2014). It has been pointed out that healthy lifestyle behavioural patterns contribute to the prevention of diabetes mellitus type II, cardiovascular, and oncological diseases (Javtokas et al., 2014).Studies performed in different countries have discovered that students’ dietary habits do not correspond to the recommendations of the World Health Organization on healthy diet (Akhtar Zareen, & Sarmad, 2018; Česnavičienė, Proškuvienė, & Motiejūnaitė, 2015). In their study, Sigmundova, Chmelik, Sigmund, Feltlova, & Frömel (2013) found that the lowest level of physical activity was reached by only two thirds of students.  The prevalence of harmful habits was also very high: more than half of students used tobacco during the last 12 months, and about 92% of students used alcohol over the last year (Dobrovolskij & Stukas, 2014).Literature review revealed that recently a number of studies analysing students’ lifestyle patterns were performed, however, there is still a lack of studies on lifestyle behaviour among the Lithuanian Sports University students.Methods. Questionnaires and statistical analysis.Results. The results showed that meat consumption was indicated by twice more males than females (p < .05). More males consumed ice cream, while yoghurt was preferred more frequently by females (p < .05). Fried potatoes were used more frequently by males (p < .05). With the respect to sedentary lifestyle, high intensity activity and moderate intensity activity, there were no differences between males and females, however, more females than males walked (p < .05). Beer consumption was more prevalent between males while wine consumption was more common between females (p < .05).
TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETMENİ ADAYLARININ ALINTI SÖZCÜKLERİ KULLANMA DÜZEYLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ÇOBAN İsmail , ALYILMAZ Cengiz
Published: July 2019

Dünya dilleri kavramları işaretlerken farklı yollara başvurmaktadır. Bu yollardan birisi de

diğer dillerden sözcük ödünçlemek / alıntı sözcük kullanmaktır. Türkçe de dünya dilleri ile

benzer özellik göstererek kavramları işaretlerken kendine yabancı olan dillerden alıntı sözcük

alma yoluna da başvurmaktadır.

Türkçenin ilk dönem yazılı kaynaklarından itibaren alıntı sözcükleri kullandığı

bilinmektedir. Değişen komşuluk ve akrabalık ilişkileri, sosyal, kültürel, dinî ve askerî ilişkiler,

savaşlar, ticaret, göçler, sanat ve bilim, teknoloji alanlarındaki gelişmeler ve etkileşimler

sebebiyle Türkçe başka dillerden sözcükler almıştır.

Dil eğitimi ve öğretimi yeni nesiller aracılığıyla dillerin devamlılığını, diğer dillerin

etkilerine karşı bilinçli olmayı sağlar. Türkçenin ana dili olarak eğitimi ve öğretiminde de Türkçe

öğretmenlerine büyük rol düşmektedir. Özellikle son yüzyılda gelişen teknoloji ve ilerleyen bilim

aracılığıyla tüm dünya dillerine olduğu gibi Türkçeye de yeni alıntı sözcükler girmektedir. Bu

türdeki sözcükler için yeni nesiller arasında farkındalığın oluşturulması noktasında Türkçe

öğretmenlerinin de belli yeterlik ve becerilere sahip olması gereklidir. Bu sebeple Türkçe

öğretmeni adaylarının alıntı sözcükleri kullanma düzeylerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Tarama yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada Atatürk Üniversitesi Kâzım Karabekir

Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının okudukları kitaplar, gazeteler,

takip ettikleri internet sayfaları ve izledikleri televizyon programlarını belirlemek amacıyla bir bilgi

formu uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda önce 9 kitap, 1 gazetenin bir haftalık

yayınındaki ilk sayfası, 3 internet sayfasının 1 haftalık yayını ve 1 televizyon programının 1 aylık

dönemdeki yayınları alıntı sözcükler açısından incelenerek alıntı sözcük listesi oluşturulmuştur.

Sonra bu listeden hareketle öğretmen adaylarının alıntı sözcüklerin hangi dillerden alındıklarını

tespit etme, alıntı sözcüklerin doğru yazımını tespit etme, alıntı sözcüklerin anlamlarını

belirleyebilme, alıntı sözcüklerle ilgili uyum kurallarını bilme ve uygulama becerilerini belirlemek

amacıyla Alıntı Sözcükleri Kullanma Düzeyi Formu oluşturulmuştur. Bu form yine Atatürk

Üniversitesi Kâzım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Türkçe Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalında öğrenim gören

322 Türkçe öğretmeni adayına uygulanmış ve Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının özellikle alıntı

sözcüklerin hangi dilden alındığını tespit etme, sözcükler arasından alıntı olan sözcükleri

belirleme, özel bir isim aracılığıyla Türkçede yer alan alıntı sözcüklerin tespit edilmesi,

anlamdan hareketle gerekli yere düzeltme işareti koyma becerisi – â harfi, alıntı sözcüğün

anlamını belirleyebilme becerisi, büyük ünlü uyumunun aranmadığı sözcükleri belirleme becerisi

ve küçük ünlü uyumunun aranmadığı sözcükleri belirleme becerisi düzeylerine yeterince sahip

olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. 
PEGUKURAN KINERJA MANAJEMEN DARI SISI RASIO LABA OPERASI PADA PEDAGANG KANGKUNG DI LINGKUNGAN PESONGORAN KELURAHAN PAGUTAN BARAT KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Netrawati I Gusti Ayu Oka , Suastina I Gusti Putu Bagus , Nuada I Wayan
Published: July 2019

Tinggi rendahnya rasio ini seringkali merefleksi kemampuan laba dalam penggunaan modal. Sebagai alat ukur kinerja manajemen ditinjau dari  rasio laba operasi pada pedagang kangkung. Karena selama ini mereka menghitung modalnya untuk mendapat keuntungan secara konvensional. Sangat  sulit diketahui efektifitas pengeloaan modalnya.Karena tinggi keuntungan belum berarti modal yang dipergunakan sudah efektif.  Penelitian ini dilakukan pda peagang kangkung di Lingkungan Pesongoran Kelurahan Pagutan Barat Kota Mataram, Metode penelitiannya adalah deskriptif dengan  teknik Sampling Jenuh  pada RT.04 sebagai sampelnya, yaitu sebanyak 9 responden.  Alat analisis data adalah rasio profitabilitas yaitu laba operasi yaitu perbandingan dari penjulan neto dikurangi harga pokok penjualan dan dikurangi beaya upah, administrasi penjualan dengan penjualan neto. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa rasio laba operasi lebih besar dari tingkat suku bunga deposito BRI ( 4.25 % ) , dkatakan  efektif, yaitu 23,67 % ;19.95 % ;12,41 %. Masing-masing  artinya bahwa setiap Rp.1 modal yiang dipergunakan mendapatkan laba opersi sebesar Rp. 0,24 (kelompok A) dan Sebesar Rp.0,20 (kelompok B) dan laba operasi sebesar Rp. 0,12 ( kelompok C ). Saran kepada kelompok pedagang kangkung lebih ditingkatkan pejualannya  dalam rangka  penguatan ekonomi keluarga.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT DAN WISATAWAN TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN DESA SIDATAPA SEBAGAI DESA WISATA BERBASISKAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN BANJAR KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: A.Maheswari AA Istri , Sariani Ni Luh Putu
Published: July 2019

Sidatapa Village is one of the villages in Banjar Subdistrict, Buleleng Regency that has a very unique, historical and cultural value, so it is very appropriate to be developed as a Tourism Village with the concept of Community Based Tourism. The tourism potential in Sidatapa Village is in the form of the uniqueness of traditional houses, the uniqueness of dances, the beauty of natural resources like Mampeh waterfalls, and the bamboo handicraft industry as a creative industry. In its development, perceptions from the community and tourists are needed regarding the development of Sidatapa Village. This method of data collection is using qualitative and quantitative methods. While data collection in this study comes from observations, interviews, distributing questionnaires, library methods, and documentation
The use of marketing tools for effective marketing strategy development and implementation
Authors: Oliynyk Anna
Published: July 2019

The subject of research is a mix of theoretical and practical aspects in terms of the use of marketing tools for effective marketing strategy development and implementation. The purpose of the research is to figure out and enhance the key theoretical approaches during marketing tools usage, suggest step-by-step marketing tools instructions for each particular stage of marketing strategy. Methodology. The article was written with the use of the methods of critical analysis of scientific literature and Internet sources, abstraction, generalization, the ascent from abstract to the concrete, comparison, analysis and synthesis. Previously mentioned methods gave an opportunity to generalize the scientific approaches to the definition of ‘marketing strategy’ category, consider in detail and compare modern marketing tools for effective marketing strategy development and implementation. The results of the work. Marketing strategy development consists of three main stages: determinating of market opportunities, building the strategy itself with the help of STP-analysis (segmentation, targeting, positioning) and shaping the marketing program (4P marketing mix). For each stage of the strategy is determined a range of tools, that company should implement in order to reach an effective marketing strategy. For instance, for the first stage were proposed such strategic planning tools as SWOT-analysis, Porter’s five forces model and 5C-analysis. All tools mentioned above help the company to identify its strengths and weaknesses comprehensively, to understand its consumers, inner business-processes and influence of external environmental factors, which company is not capable of changing. During the second stage (STP-analysis) were offered company positioning tools like the Value Proposition Canvas (by A. Osterwalder) and Bowman’s Strategic Clock. Consequently, using the results of previous stages a company will have enough information for establishing the 4P marketing mix. Conclusions. The use of mentioned above instruments will allow companies to develop marketing strategies more effectively, by focusing on company business issues and, at the same time, carefully considering the main negative and positive points of the product following ongoing consumer needs for the purpose of profit maximization and the company`s performance improvement. Key words: marketing strategy, marketing environment analysis, marketing tools, segmentation, positioning, targeting.
TES TZANCK DI BIDANG DERMATOLOGI DAN VENEREOLOGI
Authors: - Lusiana , Paramitha Larisa , Rihatmadja Rahadi , Menaldi Sri Linuwih , Yusharyahya Shannaz Nadia
Published: July 2019

Tes Tzanck merupakan prosedur sitologi sederhana yang praktis, mudah dilakukan, ekonomis, kurang traumatik dan hasil cepat. Arnault Tzanck pada tahun 1947 pertama kali melakukan metode ini untuk menemukan sel akantolitik pada lesi kulit vesikobulosa, kemudian berkembang dan terbukti bermanfaat membantu diagnosis untuk menegakkan atau menyingkirkan berbagai penyakit kulit, antara lain penyakit infeksi (herpes simpleks dan varisela zoster), autoimun bulosa (terutama Pemfigus vulgaris), dermatitis spongiosis (dermatitis kontak iritan dan dermatitis kontak alergi), tumor kulit (karsinoma sel basal, karsinoma sel skuamosa dan penyakit paget) serta genodermatosis. Sebagian besar sensitivitas dan spesifisitas baik dan dipengaruhi oleh jenis penyakit dan awitan lesi kulit. Prosedur pengambilan spesimen berbeda-beda bergantung pada jenis lesi. Bahan apusan difiksasi dan diwarnai, paling sering dengan pewarnaan Giemsa. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas peran pemeriksaan sitologi tes Tzanck, berbagai pola karakteristik sitologi pada penyakit yang sering dijumpai, serta beberapa petunjuk teknis pengambilan sampel pada setiap jenis lesi dan fiksasi serta pewarnaan secara benar.Kata kunci: Tes Tzanck, sitologi, sel akantolitik
Tinjauan Teologis Integritas Elia
Authors: Sarungallo Rahel Rati , Sihombing Riana Udurman
Published: July 2019

Integrity is important as long as someone is still alive. The importance of integrity is so important since the time of Elijah's ministry that was very necessary to bring change in the midst of Israel, which is to return to true worship. The changes brought by Elijah were only determined because Elijah had integrity. How about today, is integrity still relevant for believers? The author himself believes that integrity is still relevant for contemporary believers. The reason, because the success or failure of a person is determined by integrity. Integrity itself has the meaning of the integrity of a person, that means talking about one's own truth.
Bridging the Distance in Distance E-Learning
Authors: Kiguru Gatitu , Mwangi Phyllis , Nthiga Purity
Published: July 2019

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organisations now categorize the provision of education in emergencies as a humanitarian response to disaster. However, the very nature of an emergency situation makes the provision of education a daunting task. When entire populations are displaced and forced to live in camps as refugees in a host country, they are unlikely to have access to the physical infrastructure and other resources required for education, especially higher education. An innovative way of availing higher education opportunities to refugee populations is through distance education programmes, particularly those delivered through online e-learning platforms. As universities continue to embrace the role of humanitarian actors, they are increasingly recognizing that distance education programmes, more so e-learning ones, have the potential of reaching a wider population of refugees, enabling them access to education without requiring institutions to have a physical presence in a refugee camp. The actualization of this potential in a refugee camp setting, however, is not without challenges. Drawing on experiences from facilitating and managing a joint online certificate course targeted at refugees living in the Kakuma and Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya, this paper seeks to show that the challenges, ranging from physical distance to lack of computer skills, are doubly pronounced in refugee settings. Further, the paper highlights the innovative solutions that were used to mitigate the said challenges and shows how they can be adopted when designing distance e-learning programmes for both emergency and non-emergency situations in Africa.
Exploring Enabling Interventions for Increasing Female Students’ Access and Participation in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (Stem) Disciplines in Kenyan Public Universities
Authors: Mbirianjau Lucy Wandiri , Chege Fatuma , Oanda Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

Globally, studies continue to document disparities in women’s access and participation in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines in the universities. Despite existence of policies at the national and institutional level, no single and clear road map exists on what set of interventions can best contribute to redressing this disparities.  This study draws attention to the low participation of female students in STEM disciplines and especially in hard sciences in Kenyan public universities. Data for the study were collected in three public universities that were purposively sampled. Questionnaires, interviews, observations, content and documentary analysis were used as key instruments for data collection and research techniques. Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The study findings revealed that, despite the existing educational gender interventions, female students’ enrolment and participation in STEM disciplines in the Kenyan public universities is 30% and less than 20% in hard sciences. The study also established that there exists a continued process of gender typing in the  secondary school curriculum which students pick and is further manifested in the universities. This stereotype has created a false perception among female students that soft sciences are marketable for the female gender and are feminine compared to the hard sciences. Further there exists socio-cultural and institutional barriers that affects female students’ participation in STEM disciplines. The study recommends first, the need for government and universities to develop educational STEM policies and interventions to increase female participation in STEM disciplines. Second, the STEM curricula should be made gender responsive with integration of additional STEM female faculty members to act as mentors to female students. Appropriate STEM mentoring and career guidance should be enhanced at all levels of education and all educational stakeholders should be involved in minimising socio-cultural, institutional barriers and stereotypes on masculinity of STEM disciplines.
Learning Environments and Pupils’ Participation in Primary Education in Nairobi Urban Slums
Authors: Limboro Charity Mukiri
Published: July 2019

In order to achieve economic sustainability, every country must invest significantly in quality education for boys and girls from the basic levels. Key inputs of quality education include teachers, physical facilities and resources; and gender-sensitive environments that are healthy, safe, and protective. Quality education is an empowering tool through which individuals gain sufficient academic qualifications that can lead to gainful employment or self- employment at a later stage. Such education augments people’s understanding of themselves and the world improves the quality of their lives and leads to wide-ranging social benefits to individuals and society. While learning can take place anywhere, positive learning outcomes commonly pursued by educational systems happen in quality learning environments. In this paper, learning environments are contextualised in terms of physical and psychosocial essentials. The paper examines how learning environments facilitate or obstruct children’s learning thereby contributing to their empowerment or marginalisation. The paper is based on qualitative case studies of four selected primary schools in Nairobi urban slums. A sample of 220 informants including 189 children and 31 adults were interviewed individually or in groups. The study utilised observations, interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and mapping methods to collect data. The findings revealed that only two schools had physical elements conducive for girls and boys to learn. Child abuse was rife in the schools; some of the school premises were not only insecure but a health hazard to the boys and girls. The paper also discusses how the home and community contexts were a threat to girls learning. The study concludes that learning environments, to a large extent, were an obstacle to girls’ access, retention and achievement of good learning outcomes that are critical for improving their life chances. The study recommends inclusion of gender responsive pedagogy in teacher coaching and alternative methods of instilling discipline.
Optimization of Dietary Zinc Requirement for Broiler Breeder Hens of Chinese Yellow-Feathered Chicken
Authors: Li L. , Abouelezz K. F. M. , Gou Z. , Lin X. , Wang Y. , Fan Q. , Cheng Z. , Ding F. , Jiang S. , Jiang Z.
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to establish the optimal dietary zinc requirement of Chinese yellow-feathered Lingnan broiler breeders. A total of 576 breeder hens aged 58 weeks were randomly assigned to six treatments, each with 6 replicates of 16 birds (n = 96/treatment). The hens were fed either a basal diet (22.81 mg/kg Zn) or the same basal diet supplemented with additional 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 mg Zn/kg up to 65 weeks of age. Compared to the results of birds fed the basal diet (22.81 mg Zn/kg), the dietary supplementation with additional Zn (mg/kg) showed higher egg laying rate (at 48–120 mg), EM (at 96 mg/kg), yolk Zn content (at 24–120 mg/kg), fertility (at 48–120 mg/kg), hatchability (at 48–96 mg/kg), tibial breaking strength (at 24–48 mg/kg), tibial ash content (at 48 mg/kg), serum CuZnSOD activity (at 72 mg/kg) and T-AOC (at 48 mg/kg), and ovarian CuZnSOD and GSH-Px activities (at 96–120 mg/kg), and lower FCR (at 96 mg/kg). The regression model showed that the optimal supplemental Zn for maximal egg laying rate, yolk Zn content, fertility, and hatchability of Chinese yellow-feathered broiler breeders aged 58 to 65 weeks were 71.09, 92.34, 94.44 and 98.65 mg/kg diet, respectively.
Global Prospects of the Cost-Efficiency of Broiler Welfare in Middle-Segment Production Systems
Authors: Vissers Luuk S.M. , de Jong Ingrid C. , van Horne Peter L.M. , Saatkamp Helmut W.
Published: July 2019

In the 2000s, the idea of a so-called middle-segment arose in North-West Europe to address the criticism on intensive broiler production systems. Middle-segment systems being indoor housing of slower-growing broiler strains at a stocking density ≤38 kg/m2. Previous literature showed that Dutch middle-segment systems entail a relatively large gain in animal welfare at a relatively low increase in costs, i.e., have a high cost-efficiency. The question is to what extent these findings are applicable to other countries. Therefore, the aim of this study is to gain insight in the global prospects of middle-segment systems by exploring the cost-efficiency of these systems in other parts of the world. A set of representative countries, containing the Netherlands, United States and Brazil were selected. Cost-efficiency was defined as the ratio of the change in the level of animal welfare and the change in production costs. The level of animal welfare was measured by the Welfare Quality (WQ) index score. Data was collected from literature and consulting experts. Results show that in the Netherlands, United States and Brazil a change from conventional towards a middle-segment system improves animal welfare in a cost-efficient manner (the Netherlands 9.1, United States 24.2 and Brazil 12.1). Overall, it can be concluded that in general middle-segment production systems provide a considerable increase in animal welfare at a relatively small increase in production costs and therefore offer good prospects for a cost-efficient improvement of broiler welfare.
Deep Learning Resolves Representative Movement Patterns in a Marine Predator Species
Authors: Peng Chengbin , Duarte Carlos M. , Costa Daniel P. , Guinet Christophe , Harcourt Robert G. , Hindell Mark A. , McMahon Clive R. , Muelbert Monica , Thums Michele , Wong Ka-Chun , Zhang Xiangliang
Published: July 2019

The analysis of animal movement from telemetry data provides insights into how and why animals move. While traditional approaches to such analysis mostly focus on predicting animal states during movement, we describe an approach that allows us to identify representative movement patterns of different animal groups. To do this, we propose a carefully designed recurrent neural network and combine it with telemetry data for automatic feature extraction and identification of non-predefined representative patterns. In the experiment, we consider a particular marine predator species, the southern elephant seal, as an example. With our approach, we identify that the male seals in our data set share similar movement patterns when they are close to land. We identify this pattern recurring in a number of distant locations, consistent with alternative approaches from previous research.
Flavopereirine Suppresses the Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells through P53 Signaling Dependence
Authors: Li Jhy-Ming , Huang Yun-Ching , Kuo Yi-Hung , Cheng Chih-Chung , Kuan Feng-Che , Chang Shun-Fu , Lee Ying-Ray , Chin Chih-Chien , Shi Chung-Sheng
Published: July 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The outcome of CRC patients remains poor. Thus, a new strategy for CRC treatment is urgently needed. Flavopereirine is a β-carboline alkaloid extracted from Geissospermum vellosii, which can reduce the viability of various cancer cells through an unknown mode of action. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional mechanism and therapeutic potential of flavopereirine on CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that flavopereirine significantly lowered cellular viability, caused intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, and induced G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in CRC cells. Flavopereirine downregulated Janus kinases-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAKs-STATs) and cellular myelocytomatosis (c-Myc) signaling in CRC cells. In contrast, the enforced expressions of constitutive active STAT3 and c-Myc could not restore flavopereirine-induced viability reduction. Moreover, flavopereirine enhanced P53 expression and phosphorylation in CRC cells. CRC cells with P53 knockout or loss-of-function mutation significantly diminished flavopereirine-mediated viability reduction, indicating that P53 activity plays a major role in flavopereirine-mediated CRC cell growth suppression. Flavopereirine also significantly repressed CRC cell xenograft growth in vivo by upregulating P53 and P21 and inducing apoptosis. In conclusion, flavopereirine-mediated growth suppression in CRC cells depended on the P53-P21, but not the JAKs-STATs-c-Myc signaling pathway. The present study suggests that flavopereirine may be efficacious in the clinical treatment of CRC harboring functional P53 signaling.
In Vivo Assessment of VCAM-1 Expression by SPECT/CT Imaging in Mice Models of Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Montemagno Christopher , Dumas Laurent , Cavaillès Pierre , Ahmadi Mitra , Bacot Sandrine , Debiossat Marlène , Soubies Audrey , Djaïleb Loic , Leenhardt Julien , De Leiris Nicolas , Dufies Maeva , Pagès Gilles , Hernot Sophie , Devoogdt Nick , Perret Pascale , Riou Laurent , Fagret Daniel , Ghezzi Catherine , Broisat Alexis
Published: July 2019

Recent progress in breast cancer research has led to the identification of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as a key actor of metastatic colonization. VCAM-1 promotes lung-metastases and is associated with clinical early recurrence and poor outcome in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our objective was to perform the in vivo imaging of VCAM-1 in mice models of TNBC. The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed to evaluate the prognostic role of VCAM-1 in TNBC. MDA-MB-231 (VCAM-1+) and control HCC70 (VCAM-1-) TNBC cells were subcutaneously xenografted in mice and VCAM-1 expression was assessed in vivo by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging using 99mTc-cAbVCAM1-5. Then, MDA-MB-231 cells were intravenously injected in mice and VCAM-1 expression in lung metastasis was assessed by SPECT imaging after 8 weeks. TCGA analysis showed that VCAM-1 is associated with a poor prognosis in TNBC patients. In subcutaneous tumor models, 99mTc-cAbVCAM1-5 uptake was 2-fold higher in MDA-MB-231 than in HCC70 (p < 0.01), and 4-fold higher than that of the irrelevant control (p < 0.01). Moreover, 99mTc-cAbVCAM1-5 uptake in MDA-MB-231 lung metastases was also higher than that of 99mTc-Ctl (p < 0.05). 99mTc-cAbVCAM1-5 is therefore a suitable tool to evaluate the role of VCAM-1 as a marker of tumor aggressiveness of TNBC.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Perianal Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Carvello Michele , Lightner Amy , Yamamoto Takayuki , Kotze Paulo Gustavo , Spinelli Antonino
Published: July 2019

Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease (PFCD) is associated with significant morbidity and might negatively impact the quality of life of CD patients. In the last two decades, the management of PFCD has evolved in terms of the multidisciplinary approach involving gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons. However, the highest fistula healing rates, even combining surgical and anti-TNF agents, reaches 50% of treated patients. More recently, the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown notable promising results in the treatment of PFCD. The aim of this review is to describe the rationale and the possible mechanism of action of MSC application for PFCD and the most recent results of randomized clinical trials. Furthermore, the unmet needs of the current administration process and the expected next steps to improve the outcomes will be addressed.
Comparison of the RNA Content of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii
Authors: Peres da Silva Roberta , Longo Larissa G. V. , Cunha Julia P. C. da , Sobreira Tiago J. P. , Rodrigues Marcio L. , Faoro Helisson , Goldenberg Samuel , Alves Lysangela R. , Puccia Rosana
Published: July 2019

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii cause human paracoccidioidomycosis. We have previously characterized the <200-nt RNA sub-populations contained in fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) from P. brasiliensis Pb18 and other pathogenic fungi. We have presently used the RNA-seq strategy to compare the <200- and >200-nt RNA fractions contained in EVs isolated from culture supernatants of P. brasiliensis Pb18, Pb3, and P. lutzii Pb01. Shared mRNA sequences were related to protein modification, translation, and DNA metabolism/biogenesis, while those related to transport and oxidation-reduction were exclusive to Pb01. The presence of functional full-length mRNAs was validated by in vitro translation. Among small non-coding (nc)RNA, 15 were common to all samples; small nucleolar (sno)RNAs were enriched in P. brasiliensis EVs, whereas for P. lutzii there were similar proportions of snoRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. Putative exonic sRNAs were highly abundant in Pb18 EVs. We also found sRNA sequences bearing incomplete microRNA structures mapping to exons. RNA-seq data suggest that extracellular fractions containing Pb18 EVs can modulate the transcriptome of murine monocyte-derived dendritic cells in a transwell system. Considering that sRNA classes are involved in transcription/translation modulation, our general results may indicate that differences in virulence among fungal isolates can be related to their distinct EV-RNA content.
The Use of Age Assessment in the Context of Child Migration: Imprecise, Inaccurate, Inconclusive and Endangers Children’s Rights
Authors: Mishori Ranit
Published: July 2019

Anecdotal reports suggest migrant children at the US border have had to undergo age assessment procedures to prove to immigration officials they qualify for special protections afforded to those under age 18. There are a variety of methods to assess the chronological ages of minors, including imaging studies such as X-rays of the wrist, teeth, or collarbone. However, these procedures have come under great scrutiny for being arbitrary and inaccurate, with a significant margin of error, because they are generally based on reference materials that do not take into account ethnicity, nutritional status, disease, and developmental history, considerations which are especially relevant for individuals coming from conflict and/or resource-constrained environments. Using these procedures for migration purposes represent an unethical use of science and medicine, which can potentially deprive minors with the protections that they are owed under US and international laws, and which may have devastating consequences. We should advocate for the creation special protocols, educate law enforcement and legal actors, ensure such procedures are carried out only as a last resort and by independent actors, emphasize child protection and always put the child’s best interest at the core.
Realization of Licensed/Unlicensed Spectrum Sharing Using eICIC in Indoor Small Cells for High Spectral and Energy Efficiencies of 5G Networks
Authors: Saha Rony Kumer
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we show how to realize numerous spectrum licensing policies by means of time-domain enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) technique to share both the licensed and unlicensed spectrums with small cells in order to address the increasing demand of capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency of future mobile networks. Small cells are deployed only in 3-dimensional (3D) buildings within a macrocell coverage of a mobile network operator (MNO). We exploit the external wall penetration loss of each building to realize traditional dedicated access, co-primary shared access (CoPSA), and licensed shared access (LSA) techniques for the licensed spectrum access, whereas, for the unlicensed spectrum access, the licensed assisted access (LAA) technique operating in the 60 GHz unlicensed band is realized. We consider that small cells are facilitated with dual-band, and derive the average capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency metrics for each technique. We perform extensive evaluation of various performance metrics and show that LAA outperforms considerably all other techniques concerning particularly spectral and energy efficiencies. Finally, we define an optimal density of small cells satisfying both the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency requirements for the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks.
Robust Sensor Fault Reconstruction via a Bank of Second-Order Sliding Mode Observers for Aircraft Engines
Authors: Qiang Zijian , Huang Jinquan , Lu Feng , Chang Xiaodong
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with sensor faults of aircraft engines under uncertainties using a bank of second-order sliding mode observers (SMOs). In view of the effect of inevitable uncertainties on the fault reconstruction, a method combining H ∞ concepts and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is proposed, in which a scaling matrix is designed to minimize the gain of the transfer function matrix from uncertainty to reconstruction. However, robust design generally requires that engine outputs outnumber faults. In the case where the above-mentioned requirement is not satisfied, a bank of sliding mode observers is proposed to ensure the degrees of freedom available in robust design. In specific, each observer corresponds to a certain sensor with the hypothesis that the corresponding sensor will not have faults, to create one degree of design freedom for each observer. After fault occurrence, a large estimation error is expected in the observers with wrong hypothesis, and then a logic module is designed to detect sensor faults and obtain the optimal robust sensor fault reconstruction at the same time. The proposed approach is applied to a nonlinear engine component-level-model (CLM) simulation platform, and a numerical study is performed to validate the effectiveness.