bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religiosity and mental suffering experiences of users of the Brazilian public healthcare system
Authors: Oliveira Stephan Malta , Peixoto Mônica Monteiro , Serpa Jr. Octavio Domont de
Published: April 2021

This article aimed to investigate the relationship between religiosity and mental suffering experiences among users of the Brazilian public healthcare system, according to the cultural phenomenology framework. Its specific objective was to investigate the means by which the transformation of experience occurs. The study’s design consisted of semi-structured interviews, applying the MINI - McGill Illness Narratives Interview. The results led to the construction of the following categories: causal factors, suffering experiences, healing practices, social support and positive transformation of the experience. The effects of religiosity on mental suffering experiences were predominantly positive, such as in religious rituals, social support and protection against suicide. The main healing mechanisms involved were embracement, symbolic and bodily processes, similarly to psychosocial approaches within professional ethnopsychiatries
Chiffonnage... em direção ao sinthome: a voz além do muro
Authors: Maliska Maurício Eugênio
Published: April 2021

Este texto tenta discutir o lugar da voz na noção de chiffonnage ─ que Lacan esboça no seminário 24 ─ como uma direção da cura, ou, mais precisamente, uma in(ter)venção em direção ao sinthome. Trata-se de pensar a chiffonnage como uma in(ter)venção clínica com a voz, quer dizer, uma in(ter)venção que opera sobre a fonação, sobre a voz que é, no corpo, um real pulsional do fato que há um dizer. A voz aqui está para além do muro da palavra, em que é necessário quebrar o muro, chiffonner a palavra para fazer um outro uso que aquele para o qual ela é feita. Nessa operatória, é necessário fazer uma torção da voz para inventar um significante novo, um significante que não teria, como o real, nenhuma espécie de sentido.
Pulsão de morte: um elemento propulsor da intolerância ideológico-religiosa
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Araújo
Published: April 2021

Elaborado através de pesquisa bibliográfica, este artigo parte da pergunta sobre a possibilidade de ler o fundamentalismo religioso por meio da teoria psicanalítica. Objetiva-se demarcar a noção de agressividade no âmbito das formalizações de Freud sobre a pulsão de morte e, a partir desse aporte teórico, abordar o modo de funcionamento e atuação de ideologias com viés fundamentalista-religioso. Essa abordagem se justifica porque, atualmente, tendências fundamentalistas estão difundidas em diversas esferas políticas e sociais, onde se buscam meios e estratégias para que tais correntes ideológicas ganhem força e espaço. O estudo possibilita a conscientização de que o ímpeto agressivo, destrutivo e dominador, inerente ao humano, está presente e atuante mesmo onde se preconizam valores e ideais religiosos; pois, onde há o humano, há pulsão de morte, com seus possíveis efeitos devastadores.
Ecological and growth patterns of the longsnout seahorse Hippocampus reidi inferred by mark-recapture techniques in a tropical estuary
Authors: Schwarz Junior Roberto , Franco Ana Cristina Novelino Penna , Ribeiro Adauto de Souza , Martins Marcel Andrade , Soeth Marcelo , Cardoso Olímpio Rafael , Spach Henry Louis
Published: April 2021

Abstract: The population structure of the longsnout seahorse Hippocampus reidi (Ginsburg 1933) was evaluated in an estuarine system in northeastern Brazil. A total of 425 captures were performed in the Vaza-Barris estuary and 232 individuals were marked with Visible Implant Fluorescent Elastomers. The population was estimated to be composed of 428 fish. The von Bertalanffy growth curve shows a steeper growth during the first months of life, up to about 17 months, and stabilization after 16 cm and 27 months of age. The hereby study indicates that the Vaza-Barris estuary is home to resident populations of longsnout seahorses. Moreover, these populations use mangrove roots as the main substrate for attachment and present well-defined ecological characteristics, such as habitat fidelity and highly structured social organization.
Análise físico-química da superfície de titânio após tratamento químico de descontaminação com clorexidina: estudo in vitro
Authors: OLIVEIRA Eduardo Henrique de Souza , SAKAMOTO Marcelo Yudi , CARNEIRO Giovana , RANKEL Viviane Maria , SOARES Geisla Mary Silva , SCHWARTZ-FILHO Humberto Osvaldo
Published: April 2021

Resumo Introdução Tratamentos têm sido propostos para a peri-implantite com o objetivo de descontaminar a superfície dos implantes, removendo microrganismos que podem estar associados à doença. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação in vitro de diferentes métodos de aplicação de digluconato de clorexidina (CLX) na descontaminação de discos de titânio (Ti) com microtopografia e seu efeito físico-químico sobre a superfície. Material e método Vinte discos de Ti foram expostos a inóculo de Escherichia coli por 24 horas. Foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de descontaminação (n=5): 1 - um minuto de exposição à solução de CLX 0,12%; 2 - dois minutos de exposição à solução de CLX 0,12%; 3 - esfregaço durante um minuto com gel de CLX 1%; 4 - esfregaço durante um minuto com gel de CLX 2%. O produto de cada disco foi diluído e plaqueado individualmente. Após 24 horas, realizou-se contagem das unidades de colônias formadas (UFC). Resultado O grupo com o menor número de crescimento de UFC foi o grupo 4 (0,20±0,37), com apenas UFC em uma das amostras. Seguido do grupo 2 (0,40±0,73), grupo 1 (18,60±33,96). O grupo 3 apresentou as maiores quantidades de UFC (36,07±41,39). Em todas as amostras, foi possível observar uma diminuição estatisticamente significante da concentração superficial de Ti, assim como um aumento de Oxigênio. Conclusão Pode-se concluir que o uso de CLX gel a 2% em superfícies de Ti com microtopografia contaminadas com E. coli propicia a eliminação das UFC e que sua aplicação resulta em diminuição do percentual de Ti e aumento do teor de O.
CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN THE PERCEPTION OF CHILDREN, FAMILIES AND HEALTH AND EDUCATION PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Baggio Maria Aparecida , Alves Karine Ribeiro , Cavalheiro Raiana Friedrich , Matias Laurinda de , Hirano Aline Renata , Machineski Gicelle Galvan , Caldeira Sebastião
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perspective of children, families and health and education professionals about childhood obesity. Method: a qualitative research study with the participation of 13 children, 12 family members, seven health professionals in primary care and seven education professionals, all linked to the Health at School Program. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, using recreational resources and applying a scale of silhouettes with children, during the period from April 2017 to March 2018. The analysis was based on the assumptions of thematic content analysis. Results: three categories were identified: Multifactoriality of childhood obesity; Body image by the child, by family members and bullying at school; Perspectives and actions associated with childhood obesity. For the study participants, childhood obesity is conditioned by overeating, with a low nutritional value, in addition to insufficient physical activity. They also understand that the actions to combat obesity proved to be incipient or insufficient. For children, obesity implies dissatisfaction with body image and bullying at school. Conclusion: according to the perspective of the participants, there is a need for integrated actions between health and education professionals, including children and family members, to prevent and combat childhood obesity; in addition to governmental actions to strengthen public policies that consider health promotion and prevention of harms to the child population.
El Estallido Social en Chile: ¿rumbo a un Nuevo Constitucionalismo?
Authors: Dulci Tereza Maria Spyer , Sadivia Vania Alvarado
Published: April 2021

Resumen: Este artículo presenta un estudio del Estallido Social chileno, un conjunto de movilizaciones sociales que irrumpieron en varias ciudades de este país desde octubre de 2019. Con duras críticas al modelo económico neoliberal, estas movilizaciones han denunciado la ilegitimidad de la constitución vigente, fruto de la dictadura civil-militar. Una de las demandas de mayor consenso fue la exigencia de una nueva constitución por medio de una Asamblea Constituyente. A partir de los marcos epistemológicos del pensamiento decolonial, identificamos los rasgos generales del Estallido Social, revisamos el panorama histórico chileno y su articulación entre el autoritarismo político y el neoliberalismo, bien como examinamos la Constitución de 1980, –los pilares fundamentales que anclaron el modelo pinochetista– y las perspectivas de una nueva Carta Constitucional dentro del marco del Nuevo Constitucionalismo Latinoamericano.
Produção de energia eólica em Pernambuco e a injustiça ambiental sobre comunidades rurais
Authors: Santana Amanda Oliveira de , Silva Tarcísio Augusto Alves da
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Encoberta por uma aura verde, formas de injustiça ambiental têm se materializado em experiências de produção de energia eólica. Neste texto, apresentamos como a energia, considerada limpa, produz externalidades negativas que atingem populações rurais, especialmente agricultores familiares. O estudo que forneceu as bases para este trabalho foi realizado por meio de 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas e da observação direta em duas comunidades rurais no município de Caetés, em Pernambuco. Os resultados mostram como processos de expropriação são acionados pelos impactos da presença das torres de aerogeradores no território onde vivem os pequenos agricultores.
Uberization of labor and Marx’s Capital
Authors: Pires Guilherme Nunes
Published: April 2021

Abstract: In the last decade, we saw the expansion of digital platforms and decentralized and freelance labor relations in the global capitalist economy. This combination has been called Gig Economy and its specific labor relation Uberization. This process is directly link to the intensification of work, working day expansion, low remuneration, absence of labor rights and amplification of indirect control over the labor process. Although this phenomenon appears as something new, considering Marx’s analysis of piece-wage in Capital, it’s possible to see the very features and consequences of Uberization. The remuneration, be it by hour or piece/gigs, no alters the essential nature of labor relations in capitalism. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to identify that Marx’s Capital already anticipated this tendency of capitalist economy and traced the main consequences of Uberization of labor.
Direito à comunicação e cidadania: o processo democrático no centro do debate
Authors: Fernandes Rômulo Magalhães
Published: April 2021

Resumo: O presente artigo investiga a relação, nem sempre explícita, entre o poder e o exercício do direito à comunicação, indicando pontos de convergência e de divergência para contextualizar o cenário de midiatização. A partir de uma revisão teórica interdisciplinar sobre as características da comunicação social na atualidade, em diálogo com os elementos de fundo da sociedade brasileira que versam sobre a tradição autoritária, violenta e de não cidadania na qual se forjou o país, este estudo aponta sobre a centralidade do processo democrático quando se analisa a relação entre mídia e poder, bem como as especificidades da realidade dos meios de comunicação social no Brasil, em grande parte, marcada por um sistema de comunicação historicamente concentrado e avesso a discussões sobre pluralismo e controle democrático.
Autoritarismo e guerra às drogas: violência do racismo estrutural e religioso
Authors: Rocha Andréa Pires , Lima Rita de Cássia Cavalcante , Ferrugem Daniela
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Este artigo toma as políticas de drogas como mirante de análise sobre a racionalidade governamental que incrementa respostas autoritárias à crise do capital. Esta resposta em período de neoliberalismo e de neoconservadorismo é seletiva e requisita apreender dois componentes do racismo estrutural − o racismo institucional e o religioso que se atualizam na política de drogas. A destituição da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff indicou uma crise geral de autoridade que fortaleceu a ascensão neopentecostal na organização das massas populares no Brasil a favor de um projeto necroeconômico e necropolítico abertamente antidemocrático. Com autores críticos, recupera-se a disputa materializada com o uso da força punitiva do Estado e com a atuação fundamentalista de segmentos neopentecostais. Apontamos que no interior do Estado neoliberal de cunho penal, o conservadorismo, racismo e ódio de classe recrudescem mecanismos de controle justificado pela guerra às drogas, incidindo sobre os corpos e qualquer vestígio de vida de negros e pobres.
Comparative analysis of kidney transplant costs related to recovery of renal function after the procedure
Authors: Quinino Raquel Martins e , Agena Fabiana , Paula Flávio Jota de , Nahas William Carlos , David-Neto Elias
Published: April 2021

Abstract Introduction: The number of kidney transplants (KTx) is increasing in Brazil and, consequently, the costs of this procedure increase the country's health budget. We retrospectively evaluated the data of kidney transplant procedures until hospital discharge, according to kidney function recovery after the procedure. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the non-sensitized, 1st KTx from deceased donors performed between Jan/2010 to Dec/2017. Results: Out of the 1300 KTx from deceased donors performed in this period, 730 patients were studied and divided into 3 groups: Immediate Renal Function (IRF) - decrease in serum creatinine ≥ 10% on two consecutive days; Delayed Graft Function (DGF) - decrease in serum creatinine <10% on two consecutive days, without the need for dialysis, and Dialysis (D) - need for dialysis during the first week. Patients in group D stayed longer in the hospital compared to DGF and IRF (21, 11 and 8 days respectively, p < 0.001). More D patients (21%) were admitted to the ICU and performed a greater number of laboratory tests (p < 0.001) and renal biopsies (p < 0.001), in addition to receiving a higher amount of immunosuppressants. Total hospital costs were higher in group D and DGF compared to IRF (U$ 7.021,48; U$ 3.603,42 and U$ 2.642,37 respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The costs of the transplant procedure is impacted by the recovery of kidney function after the transplant. The reimbursement for each of these different kidney function outcomes should be individualized in order to cover their real costs.
Experiments on initial stages of development of dam-break waves
Authors: Espartel Lélis , Manica Rafael
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT The initial stages of instantaneous dam-break waves are here evaluated spatially and temporally through 36 physical experiments. Different conditions were tested for downstream (J) and upstream (M) water depths and their ratios (r) to approach realistic conditions for prototype dams. Two non-dimensional parameters are proposed – effective height (HEF) and effective velocity (VEF) – to evaluate water depths and velocity peaks along the dam-break wave evolution. The maximum wave height is estimated as a function of r, whereas the HEF is inversely related to r. The maximum VEF peak is registered for r between 0.1 and 0.2, considered a critical description for real dams. The presence of downstream water depth also modifies the dam-break wave frontal shape and types of wave break features. Previously published classifications of the moving wave based on those features are now expanded with a first tested r = 0.8 in which no jet was identified (undulated movement).
IMPACT OF HEARTBURN AND REGURGITATION ON INDIVIDUALS’ WELL-BEING IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: A BRAZILIAN NATIONAL SURVEY
Authors: MORAES-FILHO Joaquim Prado P , DOMINGUES Gerson , CHINZON Decio , ROVEDA Fabiana , LOBÃO NETO Abner Augusto , ZATERKA Schlioma
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Heartburn and acid regurgitation are typical symptoms usually associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is one of the gastrointestinal diagnosis with higher prevalence worldwide, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of GERD-related symptoms in the Brazilian urban population. METHODS: National telephone survey with community-dwelling Brazilian individuals. Self-reported prevalence and frequency of symptoms (heartburn / regurgitation) were assessed. Individuals rated the impact of symptoms in their general well-being using a numeric scale from 1 to 10 (1 = no impact; 10 = very intense, preventing the person to eat and perform daily routine activities). Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The final sample was comprised of 1,773 subjects, 935 (52.7%) females, an average of 40 years old. The prevalence of heartburn and regurgitation in the past 6 months was 26.2% (n=466) and 11.0% (n=196), respectively. Women presented higher prevalence (heartburn n=266, 28.5% and regurgitation n=119, 12.7%) than men (n=200, 23.1% and n=78, 8.9%, respectively) (P<0.05). Heartburn in the past week was reported by 175 individuals (9.8%), while regurgitation episodes by 67 (3.8%). Absence of impact of the symptom in the overall well-being was observed for 82 subjects (17.6%) with heartburn and 18 individuals (9.2%) with regurgitation. Very intense impact was reported by 46 subjects (9.8%) with heartburn and 41 (20.9%) with regurgitation. Women’s well-being was more affected than men’s (mean score 5.45 vs 4.71, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Heartburn and regurgitation were frequent symptoms, women with higher prevalence. These symptoms led to a substantial impact on individuals’ well-being, women being more affected.
NONINVASIVE BREATH TESTS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF SIBO AND LACTOSE INTOLERANCE IN PATIENTS ON CHEMOTHERAPY TREATMENT FOR COLORECTAL AND GASTRIC CÂNCER
Authors: GONÇALVES Aline Rufino , AMBROGINI JR Orlando , FORONES Nora Manoukian
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) are the third and the fifth most prevalent, respectively. Diarrhea is a common symptom in patients on chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment and can reduce treatment tolerance. Surgical resections and chemotherapy change the intestinal microbiota that can lead to lactose intolerance, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of diarrhea in patients with CRC and GC on chemotherapy with SIBO or intolerance of lactose. METHODS: This is a descriptive and observational study with patients of both sexes, over 18 years old, in treatment in the Gastro-Oncology outpatient clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CRC or GC during chemotherapy treatment were included. To detect bacterial overgrowth and lactose intolerance, breath hydrogen test with lactulose and lactose was done. Number and aspects of the evacuations and toxicity degree were collected. For the nutritional assessment, weight and height were performed to calculate the BMI. and the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). RESULTS: A total of 33 patients were included, 29 with CRC and 3 with GC. Most of them were male (57.57%), mean age of 60.03±10.01 years and in chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin (54.5%). Diarrhea was present in 57.6% and 30.3% had toxicity grade 2. According to the BMI, 78.9% were eutrophics, obese or overweight, but according to PG-SGA, 84.9% had moderate or severe nutritional risk grade. Between patients, 45% had lactose intolerance and 9% SIBO. Diarrhea grade 2-3 was observed in 66.6% of patients with SIBO and 66.7% of that with lactose intolerance. No statistical difference was observed between patients with SIBO or lactose intolerance and grade of diarrhea. CONCLUSION: Diarrhea was a frequent symptom in chemotherapy patients with gastric or colorectal cancer independent of the presence of SIBO or lactose intolerance. Surgery and chemotherapy treatment impacted in the intestinal habit of patients. Diagnosis of other causes of diarrhea may contribute to a better tolerance to treatment and quality of life.
Helicobacter pylori and colorectal neoplasms: a concise review
Authors: COELHO Luiz Gonzaga Vaz , COELHO Maria Clara Freitas
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori is the main etiological agent of all malignant tumors caused by an infectious disease. It is a major, at times dominant, factor in the pathogenesis of a large spectrum of diseases such as acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric carcinoma, and lymphoma. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that H. pylori chronic infection may be related to different extragastric diseases, including colorectal neoplasms. This concise review aims to explore the association of H. pylori infection with colorectal cancer and adenoma, including the recent epidemiological findings, the diagnostic methods employed to detect H. pylori and virulent factors, and the potentially involved mechanisms. Furthermore, is attempted to establish the current data integration for causal inference using the Bradford-Hill causality criteria. The weak, although global, strength of the epidemiological positive association between H. pylori infection and colonic neoplasms associated to new mechanisms postulated to explain this interaction, including intestinal dysbiosis, should stimulate future studies. Prospective confirmatory studies to establish the role of H. pylori eradication in the process of carcinogenic transformation of the colonic epithelium may define its eventual role in the treatment and prevention of colonic neoplasms.
Phylogenetic Relationships of Tovomita (Clusiaceae): Carpel Number and Geographic Distribution Speak Louder than Venation Pattern
Authors: Marinho Lucas C. , Fiaschi Pedro , Fernandes Moabe F. , Cai Liming , Duan Xiaoshan , Amorim André M. , Davis Charles C.
Published: April 2021

Abstract—Tovomita is a Neotropical clade of Clusiaceae that includes 52 species widely distributed throughout the Amazon, Atlantic, Antilles, and Chocoan/southern Mesoamerican rainforests. Species-level relationships within Tovomita remain largely unexplored,
thus hindering our understanding of their biogeography and the evolution of key morphological characters in the genus. Here, we inferred a plastid genome phylogeny containing 18 Tovomita species using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches. Our results indicate that current
infrageneric classification of Tovomita, which relies largely on leaf venation, does not reflect phylogenetic relationships. Instead, we identify carpel number as a more reliable morphological trait for infrageneric classification: clades within Tovomita tend to include species
that possess either four or five (or more) carpels. Moreover, groups of species within Tovomita tend to exhibit a high degree of geographic endemicity corresponding to their clade affiliation: species within these clades are restricted to either Amazon or Atlantic forests. The well
supported clade of Atlantic forest inhabitants we identify is sister to a clade of mostly Amazonian species that also includes Amazon and Atlantic forest disjunct species, which are more closely related to Amazonian than to other Atlantic forest species. These findings represent a first important
step in elucidating morphological evolution and biogeography in this widespread genus of neotropical rainforest trees and shrubs.
A New Remarkable Dwarf Sedge (Carex phylloscirpoides, Cyperaceae) from Northern Chile, with Insights on the Evolution of AustralCarexsectionRacemosae
Authors: Jiménez-Mejías Pedro , Saldivia Patricio , Gebauer Sebastian , Martín-Bravo Santiago
Published: April 2021

Abstract—We describe a new remarkable dwarf and apparently acaulescent species ofCarex(Cyperaceae) from the Andes of northern Chile:Carex phylloscirpoides. Morphological and molecular data (two nuclear and three plastid DNA regions) were used to study the phylogenetic placement and systematic relationships of this species, which resulted in its assignment toCarexsectionRacemosae. However, despite being related to the other three species of the section present in the Southern Cone based on phylogenetic evidence, it displays a number of unusual morphological features. In addition, it is geographically disjunct and genetically differentiated from them. A preliminary conservation assessment was performed which resulted in the proposal of the Critically Endangered category at the global level under IUCN guidelines. We discuss the biogeographic and ecological peculiarities of the new species and its allies, with emphasis in the high number of acaulescent sedges present in South America. The features ofC. phylloscirpoidesemphasize its unique evolutionary position and its rarity highlights its conservation importance, especially in the context of the South American Andean flora.
Locally Activated Renin-Angiotensin System Associated with TGF-β1 as a Major Factor for Renal Injury Induced by Chronic Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rats
Authors: KASHIWAGI MINORU , SHINOZAKI MICHIYA , HIRAKATA HIDEKI , TAMAKI KIYOSHI , HIRANO TADASHI , TOKUMOTO MASANORI , GOTO HIROSHIGE , OKUDA SEIYA , FUJISHIMA MASATOSHI
Published: April 2021

Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is known to cause renal parenchymal injury with systemic hypertension. To elucidate the pathogenetic mechanism in renal damage induced by NOS inhibition, N
ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was given orally for 12 wk in Wistar rats, and the roles of tissue renin-angiotensin system and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were investigated. BP and urinary protein excretion increased significantly in L-NAME rats compared with control rats, and glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis developed. In L-NAME rats, the cortical tissue levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and angiotensin II were significantly higher than those in control rats. The cortical mRNA expressions of both TGF-β1 and fibronectin were significantly elevated in L-NAME rats. Immunohistochemically, increased expressions of both fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin were also revealed in L-NAME rats. In L-NAME rats, these histologic injuries and the increased expression of TGF-β1 were equally emeliorated by either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, but not by hydralazine. In conclusion, the locally activated renin-angiotensin system in connection with the increased TGF-β1 expression is a major pathogenetic feature of renal injury in chronically NOS-inhibited rats.
Characterization and Localization of the Neonatal Fc Receptor in Adult Human Kidney
Authors: HAYMANN JEAN-PHILIPPE , LEVRAUD JEAN-PIERRE , BOUET SANDRINE , KAPPES VINCENT , HAGÈGE JACQUELINE , NGUYEN GENEVIEVE , XU YICHUN , RONDEAU ERIC , SRAER JEAN-DANIEL
Published: April 2021

The binding of Fc fragments of Ig on glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) was observed previously, but the receptor could not be identified. In immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical studies using normal adult human kidney sections, the presence of the so-called neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was demonstrated on GEC as well as in the brush border of proximal tubular cells. FcRn transcripts were also detected on isolated glomeruli by reverse transcription-PCR. Using an immortalized GEC line, the presence of the FcRn was confirmed by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and by the pH dependence of the binding of heat-aggregated IgG. Because it is well established that the FcRn is involved in IgG transcytosis, it is hypothesized that the FcRn in the kidney may play a role in the reabsorption of IgG. Ongoing studies should clarify the role of the FcRn as a potential target for immune complexes on GEC and should assess its relevance in physiology and pathology.
High Prevalence and Adverse Effect of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Type II Diabetic-Related Nephropathy
Authors: SOMA JUN , SAITO TAKAO , TAGUMA YOSHIO , CHIBA SHIGEMI , SATO HIROSHI , SUGIMURA KAZUHIKO , OGAWA SUSUMU , ITO SADAYOSHI
Published: April 2021

Over a 4-yr period in the northeast region of Japan (Tohoku), 3643 patients for whom a renal biopsy was available were screened. In addition, 2370 biopsied patients for whom hepatitis C virus (HCV) serology was available were evaluated. The prevalence of HCV infection was investigated in the 2370 biopsied patients. The highest prevalence of HCV infection was found in type II diabetic-related glomerulosclerosis (II-DGS) (24 of 123; 19.5%). At renal biopsy, clinical and laboratory findings and histologic parameters were comparable between the HCV-positive and -negative II-DGS groups. After renal biopsy, the decline of renal function reflected by the slope of reciprocal serum creatinine (1/SCr) was significantly greater in the HCV-positive group than in the HCV-negative group (P = 0.001). The log-rank test performed on the renal survival curves showed a significant difference in the two groups (P = 0.019). According to a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for the effect of age, gender, BP, HbA1c, urinary protein excretion, and histologic parameters as covariates, urinary protein excretion (P = 0.011), severe arteriolar hyalinosis (P = 0.006), and HCV infection (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with 1/SCr slope. Finally, HCV infection was randomly examined in 545 outpatients and inpatients with type II diabetes mellitus who did not undergo renal biopsy. Of these, 56 patients were positive for HCV antibody (10.3%), and their proteinuria was heavier than in 489 HCV-negative patients (P = 0.001). This study reveals that HCV infection is present at a high rate in type II diabetic-related nephropathy and may have an adverse effect on the progression of the disease.
Family Conferencing: Responsibility at Grassroots Level – A Comparative Analysis between the Netherlands and South Africa
Authors: Spijker Arda , De Jong Madelene
Published: April 2021

As family group conferencing is gaining world-wide recognition as an alternative dispute resolution process, this article aims to outline the origin and relevance of this process, which promotes solution-finding to family problems by the family themselves and/or the social network and usually results in a plan or agreement that will be implemented collaboratively by the people involved. Although it was originally used in child protection matters, the process is now used for a wide range of problems pertaining to families and individual family members, including divorce matters, the illness or death of a family member, the care of the elderly, family financial problems, bullying, addiction cases, domestic violence and child justice matters. The process is also suitable for application in problems concerning any group, neighbourhood or school. Next, the application of family group conferencing in both the Netherlands and South Africa is first examined and then briefly compared. It appears that family group conferencing through Eigen Kracht in the Netherlands is an established practice which consists of a relatively simple and quick process and yields positive results for families/communities experiencing problems. Recently the Dutch Youth Act of 2015 (Jeugdwet) made legislative provision inter alia for a family group plan to be drafted by parents, in conjunction with next-of-kin or others who are part of the social environment of a youth/juvenile person. On the other hand, although extensive legislative provision is made for family group conferencing by the Children's Act 38 of 2005 in children's court proceedings and by the Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 in the child justice system in South Africa, the process has not yet reached its potential in terms of the implementation of the concept. Lastly, some recommendations are made which mainly aim to contribute to the implementation of the concept in South Africa, in that the model will eventually be fully developed and utilised for the benefit of individuals, children, their families and/or social network.
Lessons from history predicting a possible tax revolt in South Africa
Authors: du Preez Hanneke , Molebalwa Keamogetswe
Published: April 2021

South Africa is experiencing harsh economic circumstances, which negatively affects the economic environment of its citizens. Literature shows that historical tax resistance or tax revolts were mostly sparked by citizens burdened by their economic living conditions. South Africans' disgruntlement has been voiced in many ways, from resistance to E-tolls to increasing numbers of violent service protests. This article explores the economic factors present in three historical tax revolts to assess the possibility of tax resistance and/or a tax revolt in South Africa. The three historical tax revolts were identified through a purposive selection process. A systematic review was then followed to identify the economic factors present in each historical tax revolt. Finally, the economic factors deduced from the historical tax revolts were applied to the current economic situation in South Africa. The findings are that all the economic factors identified from history are currently present in South Africa, indicating the imminent possibility of a tax revolt. Whilst previous research has focused mainly on explaining past events, this article attempts to anticipate and prevent a future event. The contribution of this article is thus to underline possible economic factors that may lead to tax resistance and/or a tax revolt in South Africa. The aftermath of COVID-19 may further worsen the current economic situation, especially with the exacerbation of the already high unemployment rate that may just be a tipping point for a possible tax revolt.
Investigating the extraterritorial application of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Authors: Mateus Simon
Published: April 2021

The territorial scope of the application of human rights treaties has been a core discussion when dealing with the enforcement of human rights obligations imposed by human rights treaties on State Parties. In particular, this is because the conduct of a State may affect the human rights of people situated outside the State's territorial borders. Accordingly, to afford protection to the affected States, most international human rights instruments contain the so-called jurisdictional clause which aims to identify the range of people to whom States owe their human rights obligations under a treaty. However, the term "jurisdiction" has not achieved an undoubted definition as yet and remains a continued area of contention. The subject matter of this article is the extraterritorial application of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). It concerns therefore, the applicability of these human rights treaties to the conduct of a State which affects the rights of people outside its territorial borders and results in the lack of the full enjoyment of the human rights recognised in the Covenants, and which would be qualified as a violation of human rights treaty had it been undertaken on the State Party's own territory. Although most of the literature on this topic relates specifically to armed conflict and military occupation, the author applies the tests established for the determination of the exterritoriality of the treaties in circumstances inclusive of and beyond armed conflict and military occupation.
Budućnost pred nama? Pristup odrasta i potencijal transformacije socijalne politike
Authors: Matković Mirela , Baturina Danijel
Published: April 2021

Suvremene državne politike ograničene su prioritetom ekonomskog rasta za koji se sve više propituje doprinosi li osobnom blagostanju. U stručnim se i javnim raspravama sve češće mogu naći teorije o granicama ekonomskog rasta, s posebnim osvrtom na klimatske promjene. Takve spoznaje oblikuju i nova kretanja na međunarodnoj razini usmjeravajući politike sve više prema ideji održivog razvoja. U domeni socijalne države promišljanja novih smjerova određena su izazovima koje identificiramo s procesima kao što su: globalizacija, pojava novih socijalnih rizika, visoka financijska opterećenja starih socijalnih programa, Europska unija, strahovi i politička inertnost te podržavanje protueuropskih struja, ali i prioritet politika jedinstvenog tržišta i stabilnosti javnih financija zbog kojih posljedično nedostaje adekvatan odgovor na postojeće izazove socijalne države. Promišljanjem izvan uobičajenih okvira rasta prema onom usmjerenom na održivi razvoj, kako zagovara i pokret odrast, koji u radu predstavljamo, u socijalnoj se politici javlja prostor za razvoj novih strategija i socijalnih inovacija sukladnih s principima odrasta. Cilj je ovog rada sagledati, kroz perspektivu odrasta, potencijalne ideje koje mogu transformirati socijalnu politiku. Rad analizira nekoliko ideja: univerzalni temeljni dohodak, revoluciju skrbi i socijalnu (i solidarnu) ekonomiju. Diskusija se osvrće na načine kako novoformirane ideje i strategije mogu ponuditi rješenja za postojeće izazove s kojima se suvremeno društvo i socijalna politika suočavaju. Promišljanje odrasta predstavlja prostor za nova rješenja koja mogu potencijalno voditi k održivim socijalnim politikama i podmirivanju ljudskih potreba, na što se u zaključku i osvrćemo.
Competências colaborativas à formação do estudante: análise segundo domínios do Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel
Authors: Figueredo Wilton Nascimento , Veras Renata Meira , Silva Gilberto Tadeu Reis da
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Analisar, segundo os domínios do Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel, as competências colaborativas desenvolvidas pelo programa PermanecerSUS à formação dos estudantes de saúde. MÉTODO: Estudo qualitativo, sob a perspectiva da etnografia institucional, realizado em instituições de saúde públicas com estudantes, trabalhadores e usuários do sistema público de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada, e analisados com a análise de conteúdo temática, em consonância aos domínios do Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 60 pessoas, predominantemente do sexo feminino, divididas igualmente entre as unidades. Constatou-se que os indivíduos com menor idade e inseridos o mais precocemente em projetos interprofissionais, desenvolvem competências colaborativas com mais facilidade do que os trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde já atuantes dos serviços. CONCLUSÃO: O PermanecerSUS favorece aos estudantes ética/valores para a prática profissional, trabalho em equipe e corresponsabilidade.  Entretanto, é preciso desenvolver entre os trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde a competência da comunicação interprofissional.
High antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolates from swine fecal samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Colombia
Authors: Mantilla Juan F , Villar David , Gómez-Beltrán David A , Vidal Juana L , Chaparro-Gutiérrez Jenny J
Published: April 2021

Background: Commensal microflora such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. are representative indicators of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as they are part of the normal intestinal microflora and can acquire and disseminate AMR to pathogenic or zoonotic bacteria like Salmonella spp. Objective: To investigate the state of AMR among E. coli and Salmonella spp., potential pathogens in humans, isolated from cecal contents of pigs submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Colombia from 2016 to 2019. Methods: Susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines for antimicrobial zone diameter breakpoints. An E. coli strain (ATCC 25922) was used as the quality control organism. Isolates showing resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) as defined by a joint group of the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the USA. Results: A total of 112 E. coli and 192 Salmonella spp. colonies were isolated from 557 samples received between 2016 and 2019. In order of decreasing frequency, E. coli was resistant to tetracycline (100%), sulfamethoxazol-trimethoprim (97.5%), amoxicillin (86.4%), enrofloxacin (82.6%), tylosin (82.1%), doxycycline (59%), neomycin (50%), ciprofloxacin (45.5%), ceftiofur (35%), gentamicin (30%), tilmicosin (29%), and fosfomycin (12.5%). When compared with E. coli, Salmonella spp. was generally resistant to the same agents with slightly less resistance (between 10-30%) to eight of the antimicrobials tested. Salmonella spp. showed <20% resistance to three antimicrobials, as follows: neomycin (17%), gentamicin (16%), and fosfomycin (14%). Multi-resistance occurred in 68.7% (77/112) of E. coli and 70.3% (135/192) of Salmonella spp. isolates. Resistance of Salmonella spp. was alarming to all the critically important antimicrobials tested: fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), ceftiofur (thirdgeneration cephalosporin), and macrolides (tylosin). Conclusions: According to our results, there is a high level of multidrug resistance (MDR) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. It is necessary to implement a nationwide antimicrobial resistance monitoring program in Colombia, together with proper antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for pigs. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobial growth promoters by the swine industry is generating widespread bacterial resistance and should be discontinued.
Clinical data monitoring during COVID-19 pandemic: an experience from a regulatory trial in India
Authors: Pillai Divya , Bahl Monika , C Padmapriyadarsini , Kumar Ranjan , Semwal Supriya , Labroo Shirali Raina , B. Jeyadeepa
Published: April 2021

The essence of any clinical or healthcare related discovery is its methodologically sound clinical research and clinical data monitoring. This eventually helps the clinicians to understand the best possible clinical management pathways or patient management at all the levels of healthcare system. The pandemic has had an impact on clinical trial data monitoring as well. New or mixed approaches to routine monitoring have been introduced to ensure the quality of the overall research in these challenging times and are being tested for efficacy, cost-effectiveness while keeping ethical considerations as the main priority. This write up intends to highlight a few steps taken to ensure data integrity and participants’ safety and rights.
Estimation of left ventricular function in chronic alcoholics
Authors: Sindhya K. S. , S. Arthi P.
Published: April 2021

Background: Alcohol abuse is one of the leading causes of millions of deaths, it is also a burden in society. Direct toxicity of ethanol affects cardiac muscle Acute intoxication shows pathological electrocardiogram changes such as sinus tachycardia in alcohol dependence syndrome, sinus arrhythmias, prolongation of QT interval, ventricular polarising complexes, poor progression of R wave, torse de pointes. Changes found in echocardiography are alteration in septal and ventricular wall thickness, left atrial dimensions, left ventricle dimension and mass.Methods: Patients attending outpatient and inpatients section in our tertiary care hospital Shri Balaji Vidhyapeet University were considered in study for a period of two years. Study size was 85 patients, Data were collected regarding proportion of ethanol intake, history of duration, symptoms related to cardiovascular system, blood parameters including thyroid function test, blood sugars are done, body mass index calculated, blood pressure recorded master chart made for statistical verification. The three-dimensional echocardiography in M mode is done by our cardiologist.Results: Echocardiography findings were correlated with duration of intake of alcohol end diastolic volume index (EDVI), End systolic volume index (ESVI), Left ventricle mass index (LVMI) had positive correlation of p-value less than 0.05. when quantity of ethanol intake correlated with echocardiography, Left ventricular inner dimension (LVID), fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), posterior wall thickness, E/A ratio has no significance with p value. Abnormality is noted in left ventricle diastolic function and is corresponded to quantity and duration of alcohol. Moderate amount of less than 150grams of ethanol did not showed toxic effects in heart while severe quantity and duration more than ten years of intake showed left ventricle dysfunctionConclusions: Ethanol consumption in massive amount impair cardiac contractile function. Change in left ventricle volume takes place before the defect in the ventricular filling, which would be a marker for effect of ethanol in heart.
Physical test training as a part of preventive health equipment maintenance for electrical safety at Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa, South Jakarta
Authors: Hermawan Frisa Y. , Kristianti Wike
Published: April 2021

Health equipment is one of the most important supporting factors in the implementation of health services in health service facilities. Therefore, the condition and function of health equipment must be good and can support well by integrating management of health equipment such as planning, procurement and utilization. The Puskesmas Jagakarsa, South Jakarta, is the target location for community service activity, called as PKM. This community service uses training methods which include dialogue in the form of question and answer, discussions, and practices related to IPM and functional tests in the management of medical equipment to the results of the calibration that can be directly felt in collaboration with PT Medcalindo. The electrical safety conditions in the Jagakarsa Puskesmas, DKI Jakarta are available and well planted, the voltage value in Puskesmas is 225.2 Volt still in the standard of electricity in Indonesia which is enforced by PLN for all aspects is 220 V with a tolerance of 5%, The value of electric power is 105 KVA, One socket in several rooms has many branches so it is susceptible to overcurrent and heat which can cause fire. As the conclusion, the electrical safety conditions in the Jagakarsa Puskesmas, DKI Jakarta are quite good. Sockets can be found in each room and accommodate the need for electrical devices but the security for some sockets in areas where there are many child patients (bringing children) is still very minimal.. Some electrical sockets have a connection that allows an over current electric current to occur.
Castigando al prójimo: el pensamiento de Gargarella aplicado a la justicia transicional
Authors: Cervantes Valarezo Andrés
Published: April 2021

El artículo expone las líneas maestras del pensamiento de Roberto Gargarella sobre la refundación del derecho penal a partir de la democracia deliberativa y analiza cómo este se inserta y dialoga con otras doctrinas del derecho penal como el garantismo de Luigi Ferrajoli y el minimalismo penal de Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni. En sintonía con lo anterior, se analiza la posición de Gargarella sobre el rol de los tribunales internacionales ante la justicia transicional y algunas consecuencias prácticas de su pensamiento. Para cumplir este objetivo se toman como referencias sus trabajos sobre el reconocido caso Gelman vs. Uruguay (2011) y aquellos en los que ha analizado el Acuerdo de Paz de 2016 entre Colombia y las farc-ep. Finalmente, el artículo muestra cómo el principio de subsidiariedad basado en el principio democrático es un aporte relevante de la teoría de Gargarella y sienta las bases para la construcción de una doctrina de margen de apreciación nacional en América Latina.