bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The risk of thyroid cancer after hysterectomy and oophorectomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Shenguang , Lu Yiping , Liu Yibo
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess whether there is an association between hysterectomy and oophorectomy and risk of primary thyroid cancer.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies published from database inception to May 13, 2024, using medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata statistical software (version 14.0). If P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%, a fixed-effects model was adopted. If I2 > 50% a random-effects model was adopted. The funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to evaluate publication bias.

Results

A total of 11 studies explored the association between a history of hysterectomy, oophorectomy and the risk of thyroid cancer. The pooling analysis shows that a history of hysterectomy, oophorectomy is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer (HR = 1.597; 95% CI: 1.467-1.738; I2 = 57.1%, P = 0.01 < 0.1). In the subgroup analysis, a follow-up duration exceeding 20 years is linked to an elevated risk of thyroid cancer (HR = 1.772; 95% CI: 1.301-2.414; I² = 81.70%, P = 0.004 > 0.001). Hysterectomy combined with salpingo-oophorectomy is associated with a higher risk of thyroid cancer incidence (HR = 1.633; 95% CI: 1.449-1.841; I² = 51.10%, P = 0.069 > 0.001). Studies that balanced smoking, alcohol consumption, and history of thyroid disease demonstrated an association between hysterectomy and increased risk of thyroid disease (HR = 1.734; 95% CI: 1.591-1.891; I² = 31.30%, P = 0.225 > 0.001).

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis reveals a heightened risk of primary thyroid cancer following hysterectomy and oophorectomy. These findings underscore the importance of considering potential cancer risks when determining surgical approaches and implementing preventive measures prior to these procedures.

The meta-analysis was conducted in adherence to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) (1). The protocol was pre-registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) platform, with the registration number CRD42024546451.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42024546451.
Efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in hypopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Liu Xue-Ying , Shang-guan Han-jing , Zhang Wei , Chen Shuai , Luo Xian-Yang
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced hypopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancer prior to surgical resection.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 42 patients diagnosed with locally advanced hypopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancer. The efficacy, safety, survival, and laryngeal preservation rate were evaluated.

Results

A total of 42 patients were included in this retrospective analysis, of whom 28 had hypopharyngeal cancer and 14 had oropharyngeal cancer. Of the 42 patients, 14 (33.3%) achieved a pathological complete response (PCR) at the primary site, 20 (47.6%) achieved a major pathological response (MPR), and 8 (19%) had an incomplete pathological response (IPR) at the primary lesion. A PCR at both the primary site and the neck lymph nodes was observed in 9 patients (21.4%). The laryngeal preservation rate was 92.9% (26/28) in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. The median follow-up time was 10.5 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 26.42 months (95% CI, 23.416–29.424), and the median overall survival (OS) was 27.1 months (95% CI, 24.316–29.884). The 1-year PFS rate was 83.1%, and the 1-year OS rate was 85.9%.

Conclusion

Combination therapy with PD-1 inhibitors and neoadjuvant chemotherapy has demonstrated superior efficacy and safety as a preoperative treatment for locally advanced hypopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancer. Notably, this treatment regimen does not increase the risk of severe postoperative complications and has shown promising results in improving laryngeal preservation rates.
Ethnic sensitivity analyses of pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety in polycythemia vera treatment with ropeginterferon alfa-2b
Authors: Qin Albert , Wu Daoxiang , Liao Jason , Xie Shuping , Chen Haoqi , Gao Yucheng , Cui Jie , Su Xia , Miyachi Narihisa , Sato Toshiaki , Li Yaning , Zhang Jingjing , Shen Weihong , Wang Wei
Published: September 2024

Ropeginterferon alfa-2b (Ropeg) is approved for the treatment of adults with polycythemia vera (PV). This report aims to analyze the ethnic sensitivity of Ropeg for the treatment of PV, comparing the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and safety profiles across diverse ethnic groups. We conducted a relevant review of PV and analysis of data obtained from clinical studies involving Ropeg. The PK behavior of ropeg showed no significant differences between Chinese and overseas populations. Their efficacy and safety profiles were similar across the ethnic groups. The analyses indicated that the dose-exposure-response profile of Ropeg was consistent irrespective of ethnic variations. The results suggest that Ropeg exhibits a consistent PK and pharmacodynamics profile and a similar therapeutic effect across different ethnic groups, confirming its efficacy and safety in the global treatment of PV. More generally, these findings support the broader application of Ropeg in diverse patient populations and emphasize the need for an inclusive clinical practice.
The impact of visual information in speech perception for individuals with hearing loss: a mini review
Authors: Choi Ahyeon , Kim Hayoon , Jo Mina , Kim Subeen , Joung Haesun , Choi Inyong , Lee Kyogu
Published: September 2024

This review examines how visual information enhances speech perception in individuals with hearing loss, focusing on the impact of age, linguistic stimuli, and specific hearing loss factors on the effectiveness of audiovisual (AV) integration. While existing studies offer varied and sometimes conflicting findings regarding the use of visual cues, our analysis shows that these key factors can distinctly shape AV speech perception outcomes. For instance, younger individuals and those who receive early intervention tend to benefit more from visual cues, particularly when linguistic complexity is lower. Additionally, languages with dense phoneme spaces demonstrate a higher dependency on visual information, underscoring the importance of tailoring rehabilitation strategies to specific linguistic contexts. By considering these influences, we highlight areas where understanding is still developing and suggest how personalized rehabilitation strategies and supportive systems could be tailored to better meet individual needs. Furthermore, this review brings attention to important aspects that warrant further investigation, aiming to refine theoretical models and contribute to more effective, customized approaches to hearing rehabilitation.
Freud’s 1926 conjecture is confirmed: evidence from the dorsal periaqueductal gray in mice that human psychological defense against internal instinctual threat evolved from animal motor defense against external predatory threat
Authors: Schwartz Paul J.
Published: September 2024

In 1926, Freud famously conjectured that the human ego defense of repression against an internal instinctual threat evolved from the animal motor defense of flight from an external predatory threat. Studies over the past 50 years mainly in rodents have investigated the neurobiology of the fight-or-flight reflex to external threats, which activates the emergency alarm system in the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), the malfunction of which appears likely in panic and post-traumatic stress disorders, but perhaps also in some “non-emergent” conditions like social anxiety and “hysterical” conversion disorder. Computational neuroscience studies in mice by Reis and colleagues have revealed unprecedented insights into the dPAG-related neural mechanisms underlying these evolutionarily honed emergency vertebrate defensive functions (e.g., explore, risk assessment, escape, freeze). A psychoanalytic interpretation of the Reis studies demonstrates that Freud’s 1926 conjecture is confirmed, and that internal instinctual threats alone can also set off the dPAG emergency alarm system, which is regulated by 5-HT1A and CRF-1 receptors. Consistent with current psychoanalytic and neurobiologic theories of panic, several other of the primitive components of the dPAG alarm system may also have relevance for understanding of the unconscious determinants of impaired object relationships (e.g., avoidance distance). These dPAG findings reveal (1) a process of “evolution in situ,” whereby a more sophisticated dPAG ego defense is seen evolving out of a more primitive dPAG motor defense, (2) a dPAG location for the phylogenetically ancient kernel of Freud’s Ego and Id, and (3) a Conscious Id theory that has been conclusively invalidated.
Neural correlates of prospective memory in college students with anxiety
Authors: Rice Michaela , Hansen Melissa , Thomas Michael L. , Davalos Deana
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to create and execute future tasks. It is comprised of two components: cue detection and intention retrieval. PM is essential for performing high-level goals, a proficiency extremely important in college populations. Anxiety is a prevalent psychological experience in college populations that may be associated with impairments in PM. The present study examined PM performance and anxiety in college students, using neurophysiology to measure the mechanism of impairment.

Methods

After self-reporting anxiety levels, 80 participants completed an event-based, focal PM task while two event-related potentials were recorded from an electroencephalogram: the N300 to assess cue detection, and the prospective positivity to assess intention retrieval.

Results

The results demonstrated that, when controlling for age and gender, higher state anxiety was significantly associated with lower PM accuracy (β = −0.27, p = 0.020) and lower prospective positivity amplitude (β = −0.04, p = 0.021). Lower prospective positivity amplitude was significantly associated with lower PM accuracy (β = 0.27, p = 0.015). Higher state anxiety was significantly indirectly associated with lower PM accuracy mediated by lower prospective positivity amplitude (ab = −0.11, p = 0.047).

Discussion

These findings suggest intention retrieval could be a key component in supporting PM for college students with high state anxiety.
The effect of physical activity on depression in university students: the mediating role of self-esteem and positive psychological capital
Authors: Wei Xiaolong , Lai Zhijie , Tan Zhaowen , Ou Ziyue , Feng Xueyou , Xu Guoqin , Ai Dongsheng
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and depression among college students, focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem and positive psychological capital.

Methods

Group psychological measurements were conducted on 579 students using various scales, including the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PPQ), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and bootstrap methods to test and analyze the effects.

Results

A negative correlation between physical exercise and depressive mood, with physical exercise significantly predicting college students' depressive mood. Additionally, physical exercise was found to positively predict self-esteem and positive psychological capital, both of which are negatively predictive of depressive mood. Self-esteem and positive psychological capital were identified as significant mediators between physical exercise and depressive mood, with three mediating paths: physical exercise, self-esteem, and depressed mood (Path 1), exhibited an indirect effect of 0.017, with the bootstrap 95% confidence interval excluding 0 (LLCI = −0.051, ULCI = −0.004) and accounting for 8.30% of the total effect. Physical exercise, positive psychological capital, and depression emotion (Path 2), had an indirect effect of 0.049, with the bootstrap 95% confidence interval also not containing 0 (LLCI = −0.088, ULCI = −0.011) and contributing to 23.90% of the total effect. Physical exercise, self-esteem, positive psychological capital, depressed mood (Path 3), demonstrated an indirect effect of 0.006, with the bootstrap 95% confidence interval excluding 0 (LLCI = −0.011, ULCI = −0.001) and representing 2.90% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Physical exercise negatively predicts depressive mood among college students and has a mediating effect through self-esteem and positive psychological capital, creating a chain-like impact on their depressive symptoms.
Possible roles of neuropeptide/transmitter and autoantibody modulation in emotional problems and aggression
Authors: Værøy Henning , Skar-Fröding Regina , Hareton Elin , Fetissov Sergueï O.
Published: September 2024

The theoretical foundations of understanding psychiatric disorders are undergoing changes. Explaining behaviour and neuroendocrine cell communication leaning towards immunology represents a different approach compared to previous models for understanding complex central nervous system processes. One such approach is the study of immunoglobulins or autoantibodies, and their effect on peptide hormones in the neuro-endocrine system. In the present review, we provide an overview of the literature on neuropeptide/transmitter and autoantibody modulation in psychiatric disorders featuring emotional problems and aggression, including associated illness behaviour. Finally, we discuss the role of psycho-immunology as a growing field in the understanding of psychiatric disorders, and that modulation and regulation by IgG autoAbs represent a relatively new subcategory in psycho-immunology, where studies are currently being conducted.
Case report: Mycobacterium chimaera-induced lymph node infection in a patient with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm misdiagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis
Authors: Sun Yingqian , Zhang Chengliang , Lu Bin , Chen Jun , Pan Xinling
Published: September 2024

Herein, we report a case of lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium chimaera. A 54-year-old woman with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm was admitted to the hospital with cervical lymphadenopathy. After preliminary exclusion of various diseases such as lymphoma, Epstein–Barr virus infection, and autoimmune disease, a lymph node biopsy specimen showed epithelioid granulomatous lymphadenitis with caseous necrosis, epithelial-like cells, and multinucleated giant cells as seen in tuberculosis (TB). Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis was never isolated, diagnostic anti-TB treatment was commenced. Following over 9 months of treatment, there was no significant reduction in the size of her cervical lymph nodes, and she continued to experience recurrent low-grade fevers. One sample from the fourth lymph node biopsy tested negative for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and another sample tested positive in the BACTEC MGIT960 liquid culture system, identifying the strains as Mycobacterium chimaera. Anti-non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) therapy was initiated, and the patient achieved symptom improvement. In conclusion, NTM lymphoid infection is easily misdiagnosed as long-term etiologic negativity.
Tapestry of postnatal emotional disorders: exploring the interplay of anxiety and depressive disorders and their associated risk factors in Sudanese women
Authors: Osman Abdelgadir H. , Osman Abdelaziz , Osman Ibtihal A. , Hagar Taisir
Published: September 2024

Background

This research aims to unravel the prevalence of postnatal emotional disorders with a focus on how postnatal anxiety remained under-estimated and often embroiled in postnatal depression.

Methods

Out of 600 postnatal women invited to take part in this study from two prominent primary care clinics in Khartoum, 468 women agreed to participate in this study. Three questionnaires were utilized in this study, a Personal Information Questionnaire (PIQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Beck depression Inventory (BDI). Multiple linear regression analysis applied to gauge risk factors with postnatal anxiety and depression.

Results

More than half (52.50%) of women showed evidence of both anxiety and depression using HADS, while only (20.9%) of cases were detected by BDI, showing evidence of moderate depressive disorder. A substantial proportion (28.4%) showed high levels of comorbidity of anxiety and depression in the category of moderate to severe symptoms. Main risks factors for postnatal disorders were past psychiatric illness (β = 0.25, p = 0.001), a family history of psychiatric illness (β = 0.15, p = 0.002), and stress due to the number of children (β = 0.32, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

This study advances our understanding of postnatal emotional disorders, particularly highlighting the prevalence as well as correlates of postpartum anxiety. More importantly, this study highlights the importance of routine screen for emotional distress in postnatal women.
Clinical management of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Trakolis Leonidas , Petridis Athanasios K.
Published: September 2024

Background

Intracranial hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm is one of the most serious neurosurgical emergencies. The patient mostly presents with severe headaches and neurological deterioration. A rapid diagnosis and an interdisciplinary approach play a major role in the fate of these patients. The treatment can vary from endovascular to surgical and must be carefully and individually planned. Neurovascular expertise and an interdisciplinary approach are of vital importance and obligatory for the best possible outcome.

Methods

In this narrative review, we scrutinize the current literature and discuss the actual data and guidelines in order to emphasize the importance of the interdisciplinary expertise and approach in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Results

The current approach to patients with ruptured aneurysm is inhomogeneous and often ineffective due to internal disputes between different disciplines. Although there is plenty of literature and hard evidence to “show the way,” many still choose to base their decisions on personal experience or opinion.

Conclusions

Every ruptured brain aneurysm should be approached in an interdisciplinary manor and treated according to the current evidence and guidelines.
SARS-CoV-2 Quarantine Mandated by Contact Tracing: Burden and Infection Rate Among Close Contacts in Zurich, Switzerland, 2020–2021
Authors: Aschmann Hélène Eloise , Domenghino Anja , Jung Ruedi , Ballouz Tala , Menges Dominik , Fehr Jan , Puhan Milo Alan
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Before vaccines and effective treatments were available, quarantine of close contacts was important to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate potential benefits and harms of quarantine, we aimed to estimate infection rates and describe experiences and mental health among persons in mandated quarantine during the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods

We invited adults in mandated quarantine after an exposure to SARS-CoV-2 identified through contact tracing of the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, between August 2020 and January 2021. Participants completed two questionnaires and received up to two SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction tests, during and at the end of quarantine.

Results

Among 395 participants, quarantine duration ranged from 2 to 20 days. By day 11 since the last contact, 11.1% [95% CI 8.4%–14.7%] were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of participants with symptoms of depression doubled from 9.3% before quarantine to 18.9% during quarantine, and 12.1% reported quarantine was very or extremely difficult.

Conclusion

Although quarantine was only moderately burdensome for most participants, some experienced significant difficulties and burden. Policymakers need to balance infection control with potential harms placed on individuals.
Detecting Fake Accounts on Instagram Using Machine Learning and Hybrid Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Azami Pegah , Passi Kalpdrum
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we propose a hybrid method for detecting fake accounts on Instagram by using the Binary Grey Wolf Optimization (BGWO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms. By combining these two algorithms, we aim to leverage their complementary strengths and enhance the overall optimization performance. We evaluate the proposed hybrid method using four classifiers: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression (LR). The dataset for the experiments contains 65,329 Instagram accounts. We extract features from each account, including profile information, posting behavior, and engagement metrics. The Binary Grey Wolf and Particle Swarm Optimizations, when combined to form a hybrid method (BGWOPSO), improved the performance in accurately detecting fake accounts on Instagram.
Design and Experimental Validation of an Adaptive Multi-Layer Neural Network Observer-Based Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Quadrotor System
Authors: Akhtar Zainab , Naqvi Syed Abbas Zilqurnain , Khan Yasir Ali , Hamayun Mirza Tariq , Ijaz Salman
Published: September 2024

This study considers the numerical design and practical implementation of a new multi-layer neural network observer-based control design technique for unmanned aerial vehicles systems. Initially, an adaptive multi-layer neural network-based Luenberger observer is designed for state estimation by employing a modified back-propagation algorithm. The proposed observer’s adaptive nature aids in mitigating the impact of noise, disturbance, and parameter variations, which are usually not considered by conventional observers. Based on the observed states, a nonlinear dynamic inversion-based fast terminal sliding mode controller is designed to attain the desired attitude and position tracking control. This is done by employing a two-loop control structure. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in the presence of disturbance, parameter uncertainty, and noise. The numerical results are compared with current approaches, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method. In order to assess the practical effectiveness of the proposed method, hardware-in-loop simulations are conducted by utilizing a Pixhawk 6X flight controller that interfaces with the mission planner software. Finally, experiments are conducted on a real F450 quadrotor in a secured laboratory environment, demonstrating stability and good tracking performance of the proposed MLNN observer-based SMC control scheme.
A High-Reliability Photoelectric Detection System for Mars Sample Return’s Orbiting Sample
Authors: Church William F. , Guzman-Garcia David , Bertelsmann Karina , Ruiz-Escribano Victor A. , Ventura Cesar , Jackson Molly I. , Waltman Eric
Published: September 2024

The Mars Sample Return campaign is an endeavor of unprecedented technological complexity and coordination that attempts to answer fundamental questions about the habitability of Mars by returning the first samples of Martian material to Earth for analysis. The third mission in the campaign consists of the NASA-provided Capture, Containment, and Return System (CCRS) onboard the European Space Agency’s Earth Return Orbiter, which will retrieve the Orbiting Sample (OS) container from its orbit around Mars. Retrieving a passive sample container from a planetary orbit has never been attempted by any spacecraft and requires the development of new technology to succeed in this ambitious task. This paper introduces the high-reliability Capture Sensor Suite (CSS), a novel optical detection system that provides CCRS with the capability to autonomously detect the OS as it is captured. This article will discuss the challenges and requirements for the fault-tolerant design of the CSS.
One-Step Hydrothermally Synthesized Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6/Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 Heterostructure with Enhanced Rate Performance for Hybrid Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Jing Mingjun , Long Kaige , Liu Rui , Wang Xingyu , Wu Tianjing , Zhu Yirong , Liu Lijie , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Yang , Liu Cheng
Published: September 2024

Transition metal phosphate is the prospective electrode material for supercapacitors (SCs). It has an open frame construction with spacious cavities and wide aisles, resulting in excellent electric storage capacity. However, the inferior rate behavior and cycling stability of transition metal phosphate materials in alkaline environments pose significant barriers to their application in SCs. Herein, Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6/Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 heterostructured materials synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal process exhibiting remarkable rate capability coupled with exceptional cycling endurance. Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6/Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 samples exhibit a micron-scale structure composed of sheet-like compositions and unique pore structure. The multistage pore structure is favorable for promoting the diffusion of protons and ions, enhancing the sample’s electrochemical storage capacity. Upon conducting electrochemical tests, it was observed that Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6/Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 composite electrode surpassed both the standalone Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6 and Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 electrode, achieving a remarkable specific capacity of 163 mAh g−1 with exceptional stability and efficiency at 1 A g−1. Notably, this electrode also exhibits superior rate performance, maintaining 82.5% and 71% of its original full capacity even at 50 A g−1 and 100 A g−1, respectively. Furthermore, it demonstrates superior stability in cycling, retaining a capacity of 92.7% at 10 A g−1 after 5000 cycles. Moreover, Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6/Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 and porous carbon (PC) were assembled into a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC). Electrochemical tests reveal an impressive power density of up to 36 kW kg−1 and an exceptional energy density of up to 47.4 Wh kg−1 for the HSC. Moreover, Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6/Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2//PC HSC exhibits robust capacity retention stability of 92.9% after enduring 10,000 cycles at 3 A g−1, demonstrating its remarkable durability. This work imparts viewpoints into the design of transition metal phosphate heterostructured materials.
Patients with Taste Disorders in a Hospital’s Dental Department and Strategies for Taste Disorders
Authors: Itagaki Tatsuki , Sakata Ken-ichiro , Okura Taro , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Hayata Sadasuke , Kitagawa Yoshimasa
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: A retrospective study was conducted to clarify the clinical characteristics of taste disorder cases at the Department of Oral Medicine of Hokkaido University Hospital. The subjects were 322 taste disorder patients (86 male, 236 female, average age: 66 (13.1) years, mean duration of disorder: 15.2 (20.0) months) who were treated at our department from 2007 to 2018. Methods: Associations between symptoms and classification were examined. Results: When looking at the taste symptoms, 154 cases of quantitative taste disorder were observed as taste loss, abscission, and dissociative taste disorder, and 168 cases of qualitative taste disorder were observed as spontaneous abnormal taste, dysgeusia, and maltaste. There was no relationship between sex and quantitative/qualitative taste disorders at V = 0.08. When looking at the causes of taste disorders, the majority were psychogenic, idiopathic, and oral diseases. Conclusions: Approximately 20% of taste disorders are caused by oral diseases, so it should be noted that oral diseases such as oral candidiasis and xerostomia can cause taste disorders and that many of them can be improved with oral treatment.
GastricAITool: A Clinical Decision Support Tool for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Aznar-Gimeno Rocío , García-González María Asunción , Muñoz-Sierra Rubén , Carrera-Lasfuentes Patricia , Rodrigálvarez-Chamarro María de la Vega , González-Muñoz Carlos , Meléndez-Estrada Enrique , Lanas Ángel , del Hoyo-Alonso Rafael
Published: September 2024

Background/Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex disease representing a significant global health concern. Advanced tools for the early diagnosis and prediction of adverse outcomes are crucial. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a fundamental role. The aim of this work was to develop a diagnostic and prognostic tool for GC, providing support to clinicians in critical decision-making and enabling personalised strategies. Methods: Different machine learning and deep learning techniques were explored to build diagnostic and prognostic models, ensuring model interpretability and transparency through explainable AI methods. These models were developed and cross-validated using data from 590 Spanish Caucasian patients with primary GC and 633 cancer-free individuals. Up to 261 variables were analysed, including demographic, environmental, clinical, tumoral, and genetic data. Variables such as Helicobacter pylori infection, tobacco use, family history of GC, TNM staging, metastasis, tumour location, treatment received, gender, age, and genetic factors (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were selected as inputs due to their association with the risk and progression of the disease. Results: The XGBoost algorithm (version 1.7.4) achieved the best performance for diagnosis, with an AUC value of 0.68 using 5-fold cross-validation. As for prognosis, the Random Survival Forest algorithm achieved a C-index of 0.77. Of interest, the incorporation of genetic data into the clinical–demographics models significantly increased discriminatory ability in both diagnostic and prognostic models. Conclusions: This article presents GastricAITool, a simple and intuitive decision support tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of GC.
The Clinical Challenge of Identifying Postural Changes Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders in a Population of Adolescents: The Evaluation of a Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Centemeri Roberto , Riva Michele Augusto , Belingheri Michael , Paladino Maria Emilia , D’Orso Marco Italo , Intra Jari
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Inappropriate posture, overweight, and physical inactivity are common causes of pathologies on muscles, ligaments, joints, and bone structures, which could negatively impact the quality of present and future life. The challenge of this work was to develop a diagnostic approach to identify the causes of musculoskeletal disorders in an adolescent population in order to implement preventive procedures. Methods: A total of 147 subjects aged between 14 and 18 years who were affected by musculoskeletal disorders and who accessed the Clinical Posturology unit of the IRCCS San Gerardo hospital, Monza, Italy, from 2015 to 2023, were enrolled. The clinical evaluation of each subject included a posturology visit, a physical examination, instrumental devices, such as stabilometric platform, gait analysis, MuscleLab, and imaging tests, such as Radiographic and Magnetic resonance, and a final diagnosis. Results: Ninety-eight (66.6%) subjects reported pain at the lumbar spine (33.3%), followed by knee/lower limb (22.4%), cervical spine (13%), and dorsal spine (12.3%). Imaging diagnostics underlined alterations in the musculoskeletal components, bone dimorphism, and asymmetry of the skeleton in 68% of cases. Thirty-one (21%) subjects received a diagnosis of postural dysfunction, seventy-two (49%) received a diagnosis of somatic dysfunction, and ten (7%) received a diagnosis of both postural and somatic dysfunctions. Conclusions: Our work highlighted that the three instrumental devices used allowed us to detect somatic and postural functional changes that cause musculoskeletal pathologies in adolescents.
Increased Susceptibility to Mechanical Stretch Drives the Persistence of Keloid Fibroblasts: An Investigation Using a Stretchable PDMS Platform
Authors: Kim Jihee , Won Chihyeong , Ham Seoyoon , Han Heetak , Shin Sungsik , Jang Jieun , Lee Sanghyeon , Kwon Chaebeen , Cho Sungjoon , Park Hyeonjoo , Lee Dongwon , Lee Won Jai , Lee Taeyoon , Lee Ju Hee
Published: September 2024

Background: Keloids are a common fibrotic disease of the skin, with the pathological hallmark of excessive extracellular matrix synthesis due to abnormal fibroblast activity. Since keloids clinically arise in areas of high mechanical tension, the mechanotransductory pathway may be attributed to its pathogenesis. We aimed to establish a preclinical platform to elucidate the underlying mechanism of keloid development and its clinical persistence. Methods: We fabricated a mechanically stretchable polydimethylsiloxane cell culture platform; with its mimicry of the in vivo cyclic stretch of skeletal muscles, cells showed higher proliferation compared with conventional modalities. Results: In response to mechanical strain, TGF-β and type 1 collagen showed significant increases, suggesting possible TGF-β/Smad pathway activation via mechanical stimulation. Protein candidates selected by proteomic analysis were evaluated, indicating that key molecules involved in cell signaling and oxidative stress were significantly altered. Additionally, the cytoskeletal network of keloid fibroblasts showed increased expression of its components after periodic mechanical stimulation. Conclusions: Herein, we demonstrated and validated the existing body of knowledge regarding profibrotic mechanotransduction signaling pathways in keloid fibroblasts. Cyclic stretch, as a driving force, could help to decipher the tension-mediated biomechanical processes, leading to the development of optimized therapeutic targets.
The Potential of Human Pulmonary Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Vectors for Radiosensitizing Metallic Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Arcambal Angélique , Septembre-Malaterre Axelle , Pesnel Sabrina , Morel Anne-Laure , Gasque Philippe , Begue Mickael , Slama Youssef
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit interesting radiosensitizing effects, and finding a way to accurately deliver them appears to be crucial. Due to their tumor tropism, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a strategic approach. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of core–shell Fe3O4@Au NPs on the functionality of human pulmonary MSCs (HPMSCs). Methods/Results: The results showed that 100 µg/mL Fe3O4@Au NPs, accumulated in HPMSCs (revealed by Prussian blue staining), did not alter cell viability as assessed by cell counting, MTT, and LDH assays. However, caspase 9 and Bcl2 gene expression, evaluated by RT-qPCR, was regulated 72 h after exposure to the NPs. Moreover, the NPs also decreased proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine secretions, except for CXCL8 (ELISA). These modulations were associated with the downregulation of AMPK gene expression at 24 h. In contrast, the NPs did not modulate VEGF, PI3K, or PDGF gene expression. Nevertheless, a decrease in VEGF secretion was observed after 24 h of exposure to the NPs. Interestingly, the Fe3O4@Au NPs did not modulate Nrf2 gene expression, but they did regulate the expression of the genes encoding Nox4 and HMOX-1. Additionally, the NPs increased ROS production, suggesting a redox imbalance. Conclusions: Finally, the Fe3O4@Au NPs did not affect the HPMSCs’ viability or proangiogenic/tumorigenic markers. These findings are encouraging for investigating the effects of Fe3O4@Au NPs delivered by HPMSCs to tumor sites in combination with radiation.
Optimizing the Sensitivity of a Pelvic Sentinel Node Algorithm Requires a Hybrid Algorithm Combining Indocyanine Green Based Mapping and the Removal of Non-Mapped Nodes at Defined Anatomic Positions
Authors: Bollino Michele , Geppert Barbara , Reynisson Petur , Lönnerfors Celine , Persson Jan
Published: September 2024

Aim of the study: to investigate the incidence of non-mapped isolated metastatic pelvic lymph nodes at pre-defined anatomical positions. Patients and Methods: Between June 2019 and January 2024, women with uterine-confined endometrial cancer (EC) deemed suitable for robotic surgery and the detection of pelvic sentinel nodes (SLNs) were included. An anatomically based, published algorithm utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) as a tracer was adhered to. In women where no ICG mapping occurred in either the proximal obturator and/or the interiliac positions, defined as “typical positions”, those nodes were removed and designated as “SLN anatomy”. Ultrastaging and immunohistochemistry were applied to all SLNs. The proportion of isolated metastatic “SLN anatomy” was evaluated. Results: A non-mapping of either the obturator or interiliac area occurred in 180 of the 620 women (29%). In total, 114 women (18.4%) were node-positive and five of these women (4.3%) had isolated metastases in an “SLN anatomy”, suggesting a similar lower sensitivity of the ICG-only algorithm. Conclusion: In an optimized SLN algorithm for endometrial cancer, to avoid undetected nodal metastases in 4.3% of node-positive women, if mapping fails in either the proximal obturator or interiliac area, nodes should be removed from those defined anatomic positions, despite mapping at other positions.
Enhancing the Efficacy of Breast Cancer Immunotherapy Using a Smac-Armed Oncolytic Virus
Authors: Tang Sijia , Lyles Kristin V. , Wang Yuzhen , Fan Daping , Luo Ming
Published: September 2024

It has been shown that the response rate of TNBC is dependent on the level of PD-L1 and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Approaches that alter the TME can improve the efficacy of ICIs. Background: We have engineered a Smac-armed oncolytic virus by inserting a Smac transgene into the genome of a vesicular stomatitis virus to generate VSV-S. Our previous study shows that the anticancer efficacy of VSV-S is more potent than that of wild-typed VSV in a subcutaneous TNBC mouse model. VSV-S treatment reverts the immunosuppressive TME by reducing MDSCs and TAMs, while increasing infiltration of neutrophils and CD8+ T cells. Methods: VSV-S was used to treat TNBC in an orthotopic mouse model, and in a combination therapy with an anti-PD-1 antibody to treat metastatic TNBC in a mouse model. Changes in the TME were evaluated. Results: In this current study, we show that neoadjuvant VSV-S treatment of primary orthotopic TNBC tumors in mice drastically lowered lung metastasis after surgical removal of the primary tumor, and significantly increased the survival rate. The mechanism of action and changes to the TME were delineated, among which one significant marker is the elevation of PD-L1 expression in tumors. In the TNBC lung metastasis mouse model, pulmonary treatment with VSV-S greatly enhanced the efficacy of ICI treatment. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the combination of oncolytic virus and ICI therapies has the potential to substantially improve the outcome of TNBC treatment.
An Integration of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, GC-MS, Electronic Nose, Electronic Tongue, and Molecular Docking for the Study of the Chemical Properties and Flavor Profiles of Moringa oleifera Leaves
Authors: Zhang Mingxiao , Guo Mengjia , Chen Na , Tang Zhuqian , Xiang Junjie , Yang Lixin , Wang Guohua , Yang Bin , Li Hua
Published: September 2024

Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs) have gained significant attention due to their nutritional and biological activity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine its flavor characteristics and underlying compositions. In this study, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electronic nose, electronic tongue, and molecular docking to comprehensively investigate the chemical properties and flavor profiles of MOLs. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and GC-MS were instrumental in identifying the 20 non-volatile and 19 volatile constituents of MOLs, respectively. The electronic nose and electronic tongue systems provided an objective evaluation of the sweet, bitter, and spicy attributes and flavor characteristics of MOLs. Concurrently, molecular docking was employed to elucidate the material basis of flavor profiles. It revealed that glucosinolates and flavonoids are probably the key components for the bitter taste of MOLs. The sweet taste may be attributed to glucosinolates and flavonoids. The spicy scent appears to be linked to the presence of glucosinolates and alkaloids. The integration of these techniques confers a thorough understanding of the chemical composition and sensory properties of MOLs. These findings have significant implications for innovative applications in the food industry as well as pharmaceuticals and agriculture sectors; furthermore, they contribute towards enhancing the perception of Moringa oleifera as a valuable natural resource.
Retinopathy of Prematurity in Eight Portuguese Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Progression—A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Fevereiro-Martins Mariza , Santos Ana Carolina , Marques-Neves Carlos , Bicho Manuel , Guimarães Hercília ,   on behalf of the GenE-ROP Study Group
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal neovascular disease affecting preterm infants. Identifying risk factors for its development and progression is critical for effective screening and prevention. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of ROP and identify key risk factors for its development and progression. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study on 455 neonates (gestational age [GA] < 32 weeks or birth weight < 1500 g) across eight Portuguese NICUs. Results: ROP incidence was 37.8%, with 4.6% requiring treatment. Multivariate analysis identified low GA and the number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions as significant factors for ROP development and progression. After adjusting for these variables, platelet transfusions, high maximum fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) in the second week, and surfactant use remained significantly associated with ROP development, while early and late sepsis, maternal chronic hypertension, and delayed enteral nutrition were associated with progression to ROP requiring treatment. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of addressing low GAs and adult RBC transfusions in ROP risk management and suggest that maximum FiO2, platelet transfusions, and sepsis also play crucial roles. Larger studies are needed to validate these results and explore preventive interventions, particularly regarding the impact of multiple adult RBC transfusions on fetal hemoglobin percentages.
Computational Modeling of the Coffee Consumer Experience and Its Impact on the Sustainability of the Regional Industry in Peru
Authors: Ramos Farroñán Emma Verónica , Arbulu-Ballesteros Marco Agustín , Soto Deza Nancy Mercedes , Pagador Flores Sandra Elizabeth , Agurto Ruiz Karla Paola
Published: September 2024

This study addresses the significant social value of understanding consumer experiences in the coffee market, which is crucial for enhancing local economic sustainability and consumer satisfaction in the cities of Piura, Trujillo, and Chiclayo in Peru. The objective of this research was to evaluate the coffee consumption experience of 1190 consumers using structural equation modeling. Methodologically, a detailed survey was employed to capture various dimensions of consumer experience. The results revealed a strong positive effect of perceived quality on hedonic value (β = 0.776; p < 0.001), underscoring the importance of high sensory standards. Brand experiences significantly influenced quality beliefs (β = 0.399; p < 0.001) and perceived utility (β = 0.733; p < 0.001), though there was no direct connection with hedonic valuation, indicating the need for further analysis. The findings highlighted that hedonic value, associated with emotional satisfaction, predominates over utilitarian value in driving brand loyalty (β = 0.908 vs. β = 0.076; p < 0.001). This provides strategic insights into incorporating symbolic and experiential benefits in marketing. In conclusion, the study offers quantitative evidence on shaping consumer experiences in the coffee market by focusing on sensory quality and affective brand identity.
Rapidly Evaluating Species at Risk Using Endemic Plants of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia
Authors: Law Wayne , Chellew Megan , Wood Kenneth R. , Lorence David H. , Cianchini Carlos , Sanney Jacob
Published: September 2024

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Red List of Threatened Species is regarded as the primary source of global extinction risk for species. Despite this importance, the IUCN has assessed less than 20% of the world′s estimated 400,000 flowering plants due to issues like insufficient data or a lack of experts. Thousands of conservation status assessments were generated recently in response to the call to action by the revised Target 2 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), “An assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species, as far as possible, to guide conservation action.” Accelerated extinction risk assessments are needed to identify species that are most at risk of extinction, which can then be thoroughly evaluated by the Red List assessment procedure. The land area in the Pacific Islands is significantly smaller than in other parts of the world. Plant species restricted to these islands may be identified as “At Risk” due to the limited land area of these islands, despite being widespread locally. Distribution and abundance data of single-island endemic plant taxa of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, are analyzed and combined with digital elevation model files from this island, ArcGIS, and herbarium data, to calculate the percentage of land area that is available within a species′ elevational occurrence, a metric we have coined the Extent of Inhabitable Elevation of Island Occurrence (EIEIO). This metric can be used as a streamlined system to rapidly identify species that need plant conservation attention and allows for a swifter response to Target 2 of the GSPC.