bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Pendulum Tuned Mass Damper Design Applied to High Towers Using Genetic Algorithms: Two-DOF Modeling
Authors: Colherinhas Gino B. , de Morais Marcus V. G. , Shzu Maura A. M. , Avila Suzana M.
Published: July 2019

High and slender towers may experience excessive vibrations caused by both wind and seismic loads. To avoid excessive vibrations in towers, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are often used as passive control devices due to their low cost. The TMDs can absorb part of the energy of vibration transmitted from the main structure. These devices need to be finely tuned in order to work as efficient dampers; otherwise, they can adversely amplify structural vibrations. This paper presents the optimal parameters of a pendulum TMD (PTMD) to control the vibrations of slender towers subjected to an external random force. The tower is modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) mass–spring system via an assumed-mode procedure with a pendulum attached. A genetic algorithm (GA) toolbox developed by the authors is used to find the optimal parameters of the PTMD, such as the support flexural stiffness/damping, the mass ratio and the pendulum length. The chosen fitness function searches for a minimization of the maximum frequency peaks. The results are compared with a sensibility map that contains the information of the maximum amplitude as a function of the pendulum length and the mass ratio between the pendulum and the tower. The optimal parameters can be expressed as a power-law function of the supporting flexural stiffness. In addition, a parametric analysis and a time-history verification are performed for several combinations of mass ratio and pendulum length.
Aeroelastic Analysis of Laminated FG-CNTRC Cylindrical Panels Under Yawed Supersonic Flow
Authors: Arani Ali Ghorbanpour , Kiani Farhad , Afshari Hassan
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a parametric study on aeroelastic stability analysis of multi-layered functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) cylindrical panels subjected to a yawed supersonic flow. The panel is considered to be composed of different layers reinforced by carbon nanotubes arranged in different directions with various patterns and different volume fractions. Reddy’s third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) is employed to model the structure and external pressure is estimated based on the linear supersonic piston theory. The set of governing equations and boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton’s principle and are solved numerically using generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Convergence and accuracy of the presented solution are confirmed and effect of volume fraction, distributions and orientation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), yaw angle and geometrical parameters of the panel on the flutter boundaries are investigated. Results of this paper can be considered as a useful tool in design and analysis of supersonic airplanes and missiles.
Artificial Neural Network Individualised Prediction of Time to Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Curtis N. J. , Dennison G. , Salib E. , Hashimoto D. A. , Francis N. K.
Published: July 2019

Aim. Colorectal cancer pathway targets mandate prompt treatment although practicalities may mean patients wait for surgery. This variable period could be utilised for patient optimisation; however, there is currently no reliable predictive system for time to surgery. If individualised surgical waits were prospectively known, tailored prehabilitation could be introduced. Methods. A dedicated, prospectively populated elective laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer with a curative intent database was utilised. Primary endpoint was the prediction of the individualised waiting time for surgery. A multilayered perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) model was trained and tested alongside uni- and multivariate analyses. Results. 668 consecutive patients were included. 8.5% underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The mean time from diagnosis to surgery was 53 days (95% CI 48.3-57.8). ANN correctly identified those having surgery in <8 (97.7% and 98.8%) and <12 weeks (97.1% and 98.8%) of the training and testing cohorts with area under the receiver operating curves of 0.793 and 0.865, respectively. After neoadjuvant treatment, an ASA physical status score was the most important potentially modifiable risk factor for prolonged waits (normalised importance 64%, OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.5-16). The ANN findings were accurately cross-validated with a logistic regression model. Conclusion. Artificial neural networks using demographic and diagnostic data successfully predict individual time to colorectal cancer surgery. This could assist the personalisation of preoperative care including the incorporation of prehabilitation interventions.
Methane in Soil Gas and Its Migration to the Atmosphere in the Dawanqi Oilfield, Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Tang Junhong , Xu Yue , Wang Guojian , Huang Jingang , Han Wei , Yao Zhitong , Zhu Zhenzhen
Published: July 2019

Methane microseepage is the result of natural gas migration from subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations to the Earth’s surface, and it is quite common in hydrocarbon-prone basins. In this study, by analyzing gas concentrations and isotope composition of soil gas, the potentials of CH4 gas transferred to the surface were studied at three measurement transects in Dawanqi oilfield, Tarim Basin, China. It was found that CH4 from deep-buried reservoirs could migrate upwards to the surface through faults, fissures, and permeable rocks, during which some CH4 was oxidized and the unoxidized methane remained in the soil or was emitted into the atmosphere. Soil gas samples had mean concentrations of 907.1, 62.3, 21.7, 11.0, and 5.8 ppmv for CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, and C5H12, respectively. The C1/C2+ (13.3 for soil gas and 3.75 for absorbed gas) and gas wetness ratio (12% for soil gas and 26% for absorbed gas) suggested that the hydrocarbons were derived from a thermogenic process. According to isotope composition analysis, the δ13CCO2, δ13CCH4, and δDCH4 values for the soil gas from Dawanqi oilfield varied from -15.5 to -17.2‰, -11‰ to -17‰, and -150 to -189‰, respectively. The extreme 13C enrichment in CH4 is possibly because of the fractionation effects of diffusional migration and methanotrophic oxidation. Soil gas and absorbed gas showed high CH4 concentrations at the edge of the fault block, which indicated that fault was conductive to gas migration. Also, gas migrated from the surface to the atmosphere in the center region of the fault block because of the high permeability and shallow depth of the reservoir in Dawanqi oilfield.
Dihydrotanshinone I Alleviates Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation by Regulation of the Th Immune Response and Inhibition of STAT1/STAT3
Authors: Zhang Yiting , Li Chao , Li Siyi , Lu Yiping , Du Sitong , Zeng Xinning , Chen Xi , Chen Jie
Published: July 2019

Occupational exposure to crystalline silica (CS) results in a persistent pulmonary inflammatory response that eventually leads to abnormal tissue repair, disability, and death. The inflammatory-immune responses occur in the early stages of CS exposure, and both innate and adaptive immunity are involved. CD4+ T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CS-induced pulmonary disease, which has no proven curative therapy. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHI), a natural product isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, whether DHI has a protective effect on CS-induced lung disease, how it influences the Th immune response, and the potential underlying molecular mechanism(s) have not been fully clarified. In this study, DHI treatment of CS-exposed mice reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and the infiltration of immune cells. It significantly ameliorated CS-induced pulmonary inflammation by attenuating T helper (Th)1 and Th17 responses, which were tightly related to the inhibition of STAT1 and STAT3. DHI significantly altered Th2 cytokines but not the Th2 nuclear transcription factor. Furthermore, our study found that DHI treatment also affected regulatory T cell activity in CS-injured mice. Taken together, our findings indicated that DHI could modulate Th responses and alleviate CS-induced pulmonary inflammation, suggesting a novel application of DHI in CS-induced pulmonary disease.
Clinical Efficacy of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Adults with Cardiac Arrest: Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Chen Zhen , Liu Changzhi , Huang Jiequn , Zeng Peiling , Lin Jingcheng , Zhu Ruiqiu , Lu Jianhai , Zhou Zhujiang , Zuo Liuer , Liu Genglong
Published: July 2019

Objective. This meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) compared the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) with conventional CPR (CCPR) for adult patients who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) or out-of-hospital CA (OHCA). Methods. A literature search was used to identify eligible publications (up to 30 July 2018) from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase. Two investigators independently conducted the literature search, study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Meta-analysis and TSA were used to analyze each outcome, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the level of evidence. The primary outcome was 30-day survival, and the secondary outcomes were 30-day neurologic outcome, 3-6 months’ survival, 3-6 months’ neurological outcome, 1-year survival, and 1-year neurological outcome. Results. We identified 13 eligible observational studies for the final analysis. Pooled analyses showed that ECPR was associated with a significantly better 30-day survival (RR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.25–2.06) and 30-day neurologic outcome (RR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.63–4.46), and TSA confirmed these results. However, subgroup analysis of patients with OHCA indicated that ECPR and CCPR had similar effects on 30-day survival (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.71–1.97), which was not confirmed by TSA. Analysis of OHCA patients indicated that ECPR provided a better 30-day neurological outcome (RR = 3.93, 95% CI = 1.00–15.50), but TSA did not support these results. Analysis of IHCA patients indicated that ECPR was associated with a better 30-day survival (RR 1.90, 95% CI 1.43–2.52) and 30-day neurologic outcome (RR 2.02, 95% CI 1.21–3.39), and TSA supported these results. Other subgroup analyses showed that the results were generally consistent, regardless of nation, propensity score matching, presumed etiology, whether the CA was witnessed or not, and study quality. Conclusions. Relative to CCPR, ECPR improved the survival and neurological outcome of patients who had IHCA. Compared to IHCA patients, TSA could not confirm better survival and neurologic outcome of ECPR in OHCA patients, suggesting that further studies are needed. Trial Registration. This trial was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018100513) on 17 July 2018.
АНАЛІЗ СТРУКТУРИ ТА ДИНАМІКИ СОЦІАЛЬНО-МЕДИЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ХРОНІЧНОГО ВІРУСНОГО ГЕПАТИТУ С В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Kubarieva I. V. , Volkova A. V. , Nozdrina A. A.
Published: July 2019

Мета роботи. Здійснити аналіз структури та динаміки соціально-медичних показників хронічного вірусного гепатиту С (ГС) в Україні.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні застосовано методи маркетингового аналізу, аналітичний, порівняльний методи та узагальнення інформації.

Результати й обговорення. За результатами аналізу визначено, що близько 75 % випадків хронічного ГС у світі припадає на країни з низьким і середнім рівнями доходу. В Україні реєструють близька 47 157 випадків на рік, частка ГС серед усіх захворювань в Україні складала у 2013 р.— 0,063 %, у 2017 р. – 0,087 % і має тенденцію до збільшення.

Наведено результати аналізу поширення ГС в Україні. Найбільш високі показники  у Запорізькій та Миколаївській областях. Розраховано середній темп приросту показників поширення, який склав 7,4 % щорічно. Проаналізовано структуру вікового розподілу захворювання, так у період 2013–2017 рр. на доросле населення припадало 98,78 % від усіх випадків, 0,31 % — на підлітків 15 –17 років і 0,92 % — на дітей від 0 до 14 років відповідно. Серед дітей віком 0–14 років визначено приріст випадків хронічного ГС на 13,25 %.

Висновки. Встановлено тенденція зростання кількості випадків хронічного ГС в період 2013–2017 рр., визначено виражене збільшення питомої ваги хронічного ГС серед усіх випадків захворювань України. В усіх регіонах спостерігається зростання кількості випадків даного захворювання. Особливу увагу слід приділити регіонам з високими показниками поширення та з високими темпами росту даного захворювання. Вакцини проти ГС не існує, отже основні зусилля необхідно зосередити  на профілактиці, діагностиці та лікуванні даного захворювання. У зв’язку з цим все більшої значущості набуває розробка шляхів вдосконалення комплексного надання якісної медичної та ефективної фармацевтичної допомоги хворим на ГС.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНАТОМІЧНИХ ОЗНАК ПЛОДІВ МОРКВИ ДИКОЇ ТА МОРКВИ ПОСІВНОЇ
Authors: Kyslychenko O. A. , Sokolova O. O. , Kotov A. H. , Protska V. V. , Zhuravel I. O. , Kotova E. E.
Published: July 2019

Мета роботи. Дослідження анатомічної будови та встановлення основних діагностичних ознак шліфованих та нешліфованих плодів моркви дикої та моркви посівної.

Матеріали і методи. Досліджували 10 серій нешліфованих плодів моркви дикої та моркви посівної, а також 5 серій шліфованих плодів моркви посівної. Мікропрепарати готували відповідно до загальних правил.

Результати й обговорення. Як основні анатомічні діагностичні ознаки нешліфованих плодів моркви дикої та моркви посівної обрано наявність чотирьох виступаючих ребер на опуклому та двох на внутрішньому боці мерикарпію, простих одноклітинних волосків із бородавчастою поверхнею. На мікропрепаратах шліфованих плодів моркви посівної виявлено фрагменти цих структур, що може бути пов’язано з особливостями їх заготівлі. Спільними діагностичними ознаками для усіх зразків було наявність чотирьох округло-трикутних канальців в головних ребрах і двох овальних на увігнутій стороні мерикарпію, наявність в ендоспермі клітин з алейроновими зернами, друзами та поодинокими кристалами кальцію оксалату.

Висновки. Результати дослідження анатомічної будови плодів моркви дикої та моркви посівної використані при розробці проекту розділу «Ідентифікація В» національної частини монографії «Моркви дикої плодиN».
Widespread Translational Control of Fibrosis in the Human Heart by RNA-Binding Proteins
Authors: Chothani Sonia , Schäfer Sebastian , Adami Eleonora , Viswanathan Sivakumar , Widjaja Anissa A. , Langley Sarah R. , Tan Jessie , Wang Mao , Quaife Nicholas M. , Jian Pua Chee , D’Agostino Giuseppe , Guna Shekeran Shamini , George Benjamin L. , Lim Stella , Yiqun Cao Elaine , van Heesch Sebastiaan , Witte Franziska , Felkin Leanne E. , Christodoulou Eleni G. , Dong Jinrui , Blachut Susanne , Patone Giannino , Barton Paul J.R. , Hubner Norbert , Cook Stuart A. , Rackham Owen J.L.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Fibrosis is a common pathology in many cardiac disorders and is driven by the activation of resident fibroblasts. The global posttranscriptional mechanisms underlying fibroblast-to-myofibroblast conversion in the heart have not been explored.

Methods:

Genome-wide changes of RNA transcription and translation during human cardiac fibroblast activation were monitored with RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling. We then used RNA-binding protein-based analyses to identify translational regulators of fibrogenic genes. The integration with cardiac ribosome occupancy levels of 30 dilated cardiomyopathy patients demonstrates that these posttranscriptional mechanisms are also active in the diseased fibrotic human heart.

Results:

We generated nucleotide-resolution translatome data during the transforming growth factor β1-driven cellular transition of human cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This identified dynamic changes of RNA transcription and translation at several time points during the fibrotic response, revealing transient and early-responder genes. Remarkably, about one-third of all changes in gene expression in activated fibroblasts are subject to translational regulation, and dynamic variation in ribosome occupancy affects protein abundance independent of RNA levels. Targets of RNA-binding proteins were strongly enriched in posttranscriptionally regulated genes, suggesting genes such as
MBNL2
can act as translational activators or repressors. Ribosome occupancy in the hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy suggested the same posttranscriptional regulatory network was underlying cardiac fibrosis. Key network hubs include RNA-binding proteins such as Pumilio RNA binding family member 2 (
PUM2
) and Quaking (
QKI
) that work in concert to regulate the translation of target transcripts in human diseased hearts. Furthermore, silencing of both
PUM2
and
QKI
inhibits the transition of fibroblasts toward profibrotic myofibroblasts in response to transforming growth factor β1.

Conclusions:

We reveal widespread translational effects of transforming growth factor β1 and define novel posttranscriptional regulatory networks that control the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. These networks are active in human heart disease, and silencing of hub genes limits fibroblast activation. Our findings show the central importance of translational control in fibrosis and highlight novel pathogenic mechanisms in heart failure.
Acute Effects on Blood Pressure Following Controlled Exposure to Cookstove Air Pollution in the STOVES Study
Authors: Fedak Kristen M. , Good Nicholas , Walker Ethan S. , Balmes John , Brook Robert D. , Clark Maggie L. , Cole‐Hunter Tom , Devlin Robert , L'Orange Christian , Luckasen Gary , Mehaffy John , Shelton Rhiannon , Wilson Ander , Volckens John , Peel Jennifer L.
Published: July 2019

Background

Exposure to air pollution from solid fuel used in residential cookstoves is considered a leading environmental risk factor for disease globally, but evidence for this relationship is largely extrapolated from literature on smoking, secondhand smoke, and ambient fine particulate matter (
PM
2.5
).

Methods and Results

We conducted a controlled human‐exposure study (STOVES [the Subclinical Tests on Volunteers Exposed to Smoke] Study) to investigate acute responses in blood pressure following exposure to air pollution emissions from cookstove technologies. Forty‐eight healthy adults received 2‐hour exposures to 5 cookstove treatments (three stone fire, rocket elbow, fan rocket elbow, gasifier, and liquefied petroleum gas), spanning
PM
2.5
concentrations from 10 to 500 μg/m
3
, and a filtered air control (0 μg/m
3
). Thirty minutes after exposure, systolic pressure was lower for the three stone fire treatment (500 μg/m
3
PM
2.5
) compared with the control (−2.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, −4.5 to −0.1) and suggestively lower for the gasifier (35 μg/m
3
PM
2.5
; −1.8 mm Hg; 95%
CI
, −4.0 to 0.4). No differences were observed at 3 hours after exposure; however, at 24 hours after exposure, mean systolic pressure was 2 to 3 mm Hg higher for all treatments compared with control except for the rocket elbow stove. No differences were observed in diastolic pressure for any time point or treatment.

Conclusions

Short‐term exposure to air pollution from cookstoves can elicit an increase in systolic pressure within 24 hours. This response occurred across a range of stove types and
PM
2.5
concentrations, raising concern that even low‐level exposures to cookstove air pollution may pose adverse cardiovascular effects.
A new fossil soldier beetle (Coleoptera: Cantharidae: Malthininae) from Baltic amber
Authors: FANTI FABRIZIO , SONTAG ELŻBIETA
Published: July 2019

The very abundant representatives of the genus Malthodes Kiesenwetter, 1852 from the Eocene amber forests show a remarkable diversity of body forms, especially regarding the last abdominal segments, both tergites and sternites. These structures are important during the mating. In the present work, we describe a new species, Malthodes gedanicus sp. nov. characterized by the last sternite elongated and apically divided into two long and flat squarish lobes with three tips of which the central is longest, and by the last tergite elongated and spatuliform apically. The phylogenetic relationships based only on the shape of the last abdominal segments remain unclear and the new species is very vaguely similar to M. trifurcatus Kiesenwetter, 1852.
Dynamics of ITCZ Width: Ekman Processes, Non-Ekman Processes, and Links to Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Byrne Michael P. , Thomas Rhidian
Published: July 2019

The dynamical processes controlling the width of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) are investigated using idealized and CMIP5 simulations. ITCZ width is defined in terms of boundary layer vertical velocity. The tropical boundary layer is approximately in Ekman balance, suggesting that wind stress places a strong constraint on ITCZ width. A scaling based on Ekman balance predicts that ITCZ width is proportional to the wind stress and inversely proportional to its meridional gradient. A toy model of an Ekman boundary layer illustrates the effects of wind stress perturbations on ITCZ width. A westerly wind perturbation widens the ITCZ whereas an easterly perturbation narrows the ITCZ. Multiplying the wind stress by a constant factor does not shift the ITCZ edge, but ITCZ width is sensitive to the latitude of maximum wind stress. Scalings based on Ekman balance cannot fully capture the behavior of ITCZ width across simulations, suggesting that non-Ekman dynamical processes need to be accounted for. An alternative scaling based on the full momentum budget explains variations in ITCZ width and highlights the importance of horizontal and vertical momentum advection. Scalings are also introduced linking ITCZ width to surface temperature. An extension to Lindzen–Nigam theory predicts that ITCZ width scales with the latitude where the Laplacian of SST is zero. The supercriticality theory of Emanuel is also invoked to show that ITCZ width is dynamically linked to boundary layer moist entropy gradients. The results establish a dynamical understanding of ITCZ width that can be applied to interpret persistent ITCZ biases in climate models and the response of tropical precipitation to climate change.
Climatology and Trends in Hourly Precipitation for the Southeast United States
Authors: Brown Vincent M. , Keim Barry D. , Black Alan W.
Published: July 2019

This research introduces a climatology of hourly precipitation characteristics, investigates trends in precipitation hours (PH) and hourly accumulation, and uses four different time series to determine if precipitation intensity is changing across the southeastern United States from 1960 to 2017. Results indicate hourly intensity significantly increased at 44% (22/50) of the stations, accompanied by an increase in average hourly accumulation at 40% of the sites analyzed (20/50). The average duration of precipitation events decreased at 82% (41/50) of the stations. However, the frequency of 90th percentile hourly events and events above station-specific average hourly totals did not show a broad increase similar to hourly intensity. It seems hourly events are becoming heavier on average, while the duration of the average precipitation event is decreasing. Geographically, heavy hourly events are more frequent along the Gulf Coast and decrease inland. PH significantly decreased across South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida, mainly due to significant decreases in winter (DJF) and spring (MAM). Decreases in PH during spring were contained to Georgia and South Carolina and were accompanied by a decrease in accumulation. Decreases in PH during winter were more widespread and did not exhibit a broad decrease in accumulation, suggesting winter precipitation across that portion of the region is becoming more intense.
Segregation and Violence Reconsidered: Do Whites Benefit from Residential Segregation?
Authors: Light Michael T. , Thomas Julia T.
Published: July 2019

Despite marked declines in black-white segregation over the past half century, there has been limited scholarly attention to the effects of increasing integration. This is a significant omission given that sociologists have long viewed residential segregation as a fundamental determinant of racial inequality, and extant research has produced inconsistent findings on the consequences of segregation for different racial groups. Using the case of violence, this study leverages a unique combination of race-specific information on homicide, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics for 103 major metropolitan areas across five decades (1970 to 2010) to examine the criminogenic consequences of segregation for whites and blacks. Three notable findings emerge from our inquiry: (1) racial segregation substantially increases the risk of homicide victimization for blacks while (2) simultaneously decreasing the risk of white homicide victimization. The result of these heterogeneous effects is that (3) segregation plays a central role in driving black-white differences in homicide mortality. These findings suggest the declines in racial segregation since 1970 have substantially attenuated the black-white homicide gap.
Role of Reflux in Tracheoesophageal Fistula Problems after Laryngectomy
Authors: Lorenz Kai J. , Grieser Laura , Ehrhart Theresa , Maier Heinz
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The purpose of this 2-year prospective nonrandomized study was to investigate the relationship between pathological supraesophageal reflux and the occurrence of speech fistula complications, especially severe fistula enlargement, in patients who underwent total laryngectomy and prosthetic voice restoration.

Methods

We objectively assessed the presence of reflux disease using 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring in 60 laryngectomized patients, correlated the incidence of tracheoesophageal fistula complications with the severity of reflux, and assessed the risk of problems by determining the absolute number of reflux events at the level of the speech fistula, the reflux area index score, and the DeMeester score.

Results

All patients with fistula enlargement showed highly pathological results in the diagnostic tests for reflux disease. Depending on reflux severity, the relative risk of developing fistula complications was up to 10 times higher for these patients.

Conclusions

We found a significant correlation between the occurrence of tracheoesophageal fistula complications and the severity of supraesophageal reflux. Potential chronic irritation of the esophageal and tracheal mucosa can possibly contribute to the development of these problems. If the presence of reflux disease has been confirmed by 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring, patients with fistula complications should be treated with proton pump inhibitors.
Project-based strategy for teaching photovoltaic considering 3D simulation tools and natural phenomena
Authors: Gonzalez J Miguel , Salome Baylon Joel , Aguilar Eric Morales , Betancourt Ramon O , Aguilar Luis A Contreras , Gonzalez Marco A Perez
Published: July 2019

A complementary methodology to the teaching of photovoltaic systems is proposed where students can develop a complete project if they were immersed in the industry. The complementary strategy incorporates activities usually not taught which are delivered via web-classroom to develop and reinforce the abilities needed to face the industry once they are graduated. A project-based learning strategy is used to reinforce the teaching on sizing, planning, modeling, installations with international standards, the start-up of a photovoltaic system with a monitoring system. Students carry out a financial investment analysis rarely taught, such as the calculation of the payback period, the internal rate of return and the net present value are made to ensure the project viability. Planning-dimensioning usually is taught analyzing the electrical bill to determine the required sizing capacity without considering the building installed capacity. A three-dimensional dimensioning using the geographic location of a possible installation is proposed to provide better information in terms of losses due to shading or obstacles that may affect an installation. Furthermore, it is proposed to perform an analysis of mechanical stresses on the mounting rail system under natural phenomena such as hurricanes. This type of analysis is not usually taught in classes and it is important since an investment can be lost due to natural phenomena as has already occurred in some solar plants. The proposed activities are aimed to develop self-directed learning skills motivating to do research leading to problem-solving and meaningful activities to work autonomously in a natural and real-life situation. This approach allows the teacher and students to ponder deeply about worthy subjects and issues. Five questions were formulated to verify student satisfaction; the 30 surveyed students have a very positive view of this complementary utilized strategy.
Leadership Succession and the Resilience of Electoral Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Zeng Qingjie
Published: July 2019

How does leadership succession influence the dynamics of electoral competition in authoritarian regimes? Previous studies suggest that leadership successions tend to result in more competitive elections, creating favorable conditions for political changes. The literature, however, has not examined how the electoral impact of succession depends on specific mechanisms of succession management. We argue that the outgoing leader’s clear designation of a successor plays an important role in neutralizing the electoral impact of succession. Clear designation, defined as the appointment of a “second-in-command,” prevents unbridled power struggle among ruling elites and grooms the successor for the leadership role. We support this argument by analyzing an original dataset covering over 400 elections in 60 authoritarian regimes. This article adds to the burgeoning literature regarding the effects of elections and institution-building on authoritarian resilience.
‘Saint-Making’ in a South Asian Tradition of Islam
Authors: Singh David Emmanuel
Published: July 2019

This article relies entirely on the most significant primary sources and uses a phenomenological method of enquiry. It describes the stages that novices journey through in spiritual practice to ‘see God’ and to engage in what they describe as reports/testimonies and/or revelatory speech. Recognizing the location of the sect within the Mahdist/millenarian movements in Islam, the author points readers in the direction of possible parallels with other charismatic phenomena which could be further explored for intra- and inter-religious dialogue. The author, however, aims to conduct this type of comparative examination in a separate article.
Where Are the Revolving Doors in Brussels? Sector Switching and Career Progression in EU Business–Government Affairs
Authors: Coen David , Vannoni Matia
Published: July 2019

By applying event history analysis to a unique large sample of more than 300 government affairs managers working for companies active in the European Union (EU), this article investigates whether managers with work experience in the public or nonprofit sector are more likely to progress in their career in their current company and whether career progression depends on when that experience takes place. The findings suggest that managers with experience in the public and nonprofit sector are less likely to progress in their careers. This effect becomes stronger when the stage of the career at which the manager had experience in the public sector is taken into consideration. These findings are contrary to the expectations from the public and private management literature and suggest that we should see less revolving door activity in Brussels. We propose that these findings are driven by the distinct EU public policy process and the variance in individual and organizational incentives in the EU public sector.
Anatomic Risk Factors for Focal Cartilage Lesions in the Patella and Trochlea: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ambra Luiz Felipe , Hinckel Betina B. , Arendt Elizabeth A. , Farr Jack , Gomoll Andreas H.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Focal cartilage lesions in the patellofemoral (PF) joint are common. Several studies correlated PF risk factors with PF instability, anterior knee pain, and PF arthritis; however, there is a lack of evidence correlating those factors to PF focal cartilage lesions.

Purpose:

To evaluate the influence of the anatomic PF risk factors in patients with isolated focal PF cartilage lesions.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with isolated PF focal cartilage lesions were included in the cartilage lesion group, and patients with other pathologies and normal PF cartilage were included in the control group. Multiple PF risk factors were accessed on magnetic resonance imaging scans: patellar morphology (patellar width, patellar thickness, and patellar angle), trochlear morphology (trochlear sulcus angle, lateral condyle index, and trochlear sulcus depth), patellar height (Insall-Salvati ratio and Caton-Deschamps index), axial patellar positioning (patellar tilt, angle of Fulkerson), and quadriceps vector (tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distance).

Results:

A total of 135 patients were included in the cartilage lesion group and 100 in the control group. As compared with the control group, the cartilage lesion group had a higher sulcus angle ( P = .0007), lower trochlear sulcus depth ( P < .0001), lower angle of Fulkerson ( P < .0001), lower patellar width ( P = .0003), and higher Insall-Salvati ratio ( P < .0001). From the patients in the cartilage lesion group, 36% had trochlear dysplasia; 27.6%, patella alta; and 24.7%, abnormal patellar tilt. These parameters were more frequent in the cartilage lesion group ( P < .0001). Trochlear lesions were more frequent in men, presented at an older age, and had fewer associated anatomic risk factors. Patellar lesions, conversely, were more frequent in women, presented at younger age, and were more closely associated with anatomic risk factors.

Conclusion:

PF anatomic abnormalities are significantly more common in patients with full-thickness PF cartilage lesions. Trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, and excessive lateral patellar tilt are the most common correlated factors, especially in patellar lesions.
Likelihood of Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines of Veterans Who Are Obese by Disability Status
Authors: Vasudevan Vijay , Bouldin Erin , Bloodworth Shannon , Rocafort Linda
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore the likelihood of meeting the physical activity guidelines in veterans who are obese by disability status.

Design:

We used data from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a cross-sectional telephone survey. The mean response rate was 44.9%.

Setting:

Respondents came from all 50 states, District of Columbia, and 3 US territories.

Patients:

Respondents included veterans self-reporting being obese (N = 13 798).

Measures:

We created a mutually exclusive disability variable: no disability, multiple disability, and limitations only with hearing, vision, cognitive, mobility, Activities of Daily Living, or Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Physical activity guidelines were defined as 150 minutes/week of aerobic activity and 2 days/week of strength activities.

Analysis:

Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated by performing separate log-binomial regression models for meeting strength and aerobic recommendations on veterans who were obese.

Results:

Obese veterans with mobility limitations only or multiple disabilities were significantly less likely to meet the aerobic (PR = 0.74, P = .002 and PR = .62, P = .021, respectively) or strength (PR = .76, P < .001 and PR = 0.74, P < .001, respectively) recommendations, compared to not having a disability (n = 7964).

Conclusions:

Inactivity could be explained by a lack of inclusive weight loss programs for veterans with disabilities and barriers to physical activity encountered by people with disabilities. Two primary limitations of this study are self-report of obesity and physical activity and exclusion of adults in institutional settings.
Discovering Conserved Properties of Brain Organization Through Multimodal Integration and Interspecies Comparison
Authors: Fulcher Ben D
Published: July 2019

The primate cerebral cortex is broadly organized along hierarchical processing streams underpinned by corresponding variation in the brain’s microstructure and interareal connectivity patterns. Fulcher et al. recently demonstrated that a similar organization exists in the mouse cortex by combining independent datasets of cytoarchitecture, gene expression, cell densities, and long-range axonal connectivity. Using the T1w:T2w magnetic resonance imaging map as a common spatial reference for data-driven comparison of cortical gradients between mouse and human, we highlighted a common hierarchical expression pattern of numerous brain-related genes, providing new understanding of how systematic structural variation shapes functional specialization in mammalian brains. Reflecting on these findings, here we discuss how open neuroscience datasets, combined with advanced neuroinformatics approaches, will be crucial in the ongoing search for organization principles of brain structure. We explore the promises and challenges of integrative studies and argue that a tighter collaboration between experimental, statistical, and theoretical neuroscientists is needed to drive progress further.
Critical reflection, unlearning, and engagement
Authors: Matsuo Makoto
Published: July 2019

Although individual unlearning is believed to play a critical role in promoting higher-order learning, there has been little quantitative research on this process. This article aimed to investigate the antecedents and consequences of individual unlearning based on transformative learning theory. A survey was conducted among 301 employees working in various occupations and organizations in the United States. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that unlearning mediated the relationship between critical reflection and work engagement and that critical reflection mediated reflection and unlearning. This study contributes to the literature by quantitatively demonstrating the direct and indirect influences of critical reflection on work engagement through individual unlearning, which has been discussed only conceptually and qualitatively in the extant transformative learning literature.
Validation of the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment short form (KICA-screen) for telehealth
Authors: Russell Sarah , Quigley Rachel , Strivens Edward , Miller Gavin , Norrie Joan , Craig Denise , Jordan Jane , Muller Reinhold
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Studies show Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are at increased risk of dementia. Whilst there have been several studies evaluating the use of telehealth for improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health outcomes, and studies validating telehealth dementia screening tools for the wider community, none have addressed the pressing need for culturally appropriate telehealth dementia screening for this at-risk population. The aim of the study was to examine the utility of using a culturally appropriate dementia screening tool (KICA-screen) in a telehealth setting.

Methods

A prospective field trial was used to compare administration of the short version of the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA-screen) face-to-face and via telehealth. A total of 33 medically stable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander inpatients/outpatients participated. The stability of the KICA-screen scores, administered face-to-face and via telehealth, for each participant was measured.

Results

The two test delivery methods showed not only good correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.851; p < 0.01) but good agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.85; p < 0.01).

Discussion

Results of the assessment showed that KICA-screen can be reliably administered via videoconference and resulted in comparable scores to face-to-face testing in the majority of cases. The telehealth process was acceptable to participants, who were able to understand the process and complete the full screen remotely.
Comparative study of urban residential design and microclimate characteristics based on ENVI-met simulation
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Zhou Dian , Wang Yibo , Fang Yan , Yuan Yousheng , Lv Liang
Published: July 2019

This study assesses the urban microclimate characteristics that influence typical urban residential districts in relation to district planning and design. This study uses the ENVI-met numerical simulation technology to compare differences in microclimate characteristics of five residential districts in the city of Luoyang, China. A similar residential scale was used for the simulation of these districts, but with different architectural designs and space layouts. Based on the simulation and with the same environmental and climatic conditions, the architectural planning and layout of residential areas – building heights, building densities, greening and water surface areas and pavements – were shown to have important impacts on the microclimate characteristics of the environment. The variations of simulated and measured temperatures were parabolic in shape, and the variation trends of both were similar. The relative humidity in a residential district was shown to decline with an increase in temperature. The increase in height of taller high-rise buildings can pose a corresponding increase in wind speed in neighbourhood districts.
Feline immunodeficiency virus in Northern Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Bruno Marques , Taniwaki Sueli Akemi , Menezes Poliana Marisa Miranda , Rodrigues Ana Kétylla Ponte Prado , Mouta Andressa Nunes , Arcebispo Thiago Luiz Mendes , Braz Gissandra Farias , da Cruz Juliano Cezar Minardi , Brandão Paulo Eduardo , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Silva Marcos Xavier , Hosie Margaret J
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to confirm the prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic cats in the region north of Ceará, Brazil, and to determine the factors associated with infection and the major circulating subtypes of the virus in this area.

Methods

Samples from 148 cats were collected and tested using anti-FIV antibody screening, with confirmation of positive results by PCR. Univariate analysis was performed considering the epidemiological characteristics and FIV status. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gag and pol genes were performed to confirm the FIV subtype.

Results

Nine cats (6.1%) tested positive for FIV – one female (0.7%) and eight males (5.4%). Male cats were significantly more likely to be infected ( P <0.05). Phylogenetic analysis of gag and pol gene sequences indicated that the FIV isolates circulating in the study area belonged to subtype B.

Conclusions and relevance

In this study, we demonstrated a low prevalence for FIV in the northwest of Ceará, north-eastern Brazil. Male sex is a significant risk factor for FIV infection and the best predictive factor for FIV status. All isolates examined in this study clustered within subtype B, which is the predominant subtype in Brazil. This is the first report of genetic characterization of FIV in the state of Ceará, Brazil.
A qualitative study of barriers and opportunities for concussion communication and management among parents of youth sports athletes
Authors: Sarmiento Kelly , Donnell Zoe , Bell Elizabeth , Tennant Bethany , Hoffman Rosanne
Published: July 2019

Background

Concussion, a commonly reported injury among young athletes, can lead to short- and long-term physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep-related symptoms. Parents are in a unique position to help identify a possible concussion and to support an athlete’s recovery.

Methods

This qualitative study used a focus group methodology to explore five research questions focused on two main topics: (1) parents’ perception of concussion and (2) parent–athlete communication. Two authors independently reviewed notes from each of the focus groups and then generated a list of emerging themes related to five research questions.

Results

Parents in this study valued and were interested in discussing concussion with their athletes. However, parents were uncertain about their role in promoting concussion safety and often rely on coaches to communicate with athletes about concussion reporting and recovery. Participants described barriers their athletes may face in concussion reporting and suggested strategies to improve communication about both reporting and recovery.

Conclusion

Concussion education efforts may benefit from promoting specific actions parents can take to prevent concussion and how to communicate effectively with their child about reporting a possible concussion.
Narratives of School Counselors Regarding Advocacy for LGBTQ Students
Authors: Simons Jack , Cuadrado Mary
Published: July 2019

Using a directed form of qualitative research proposed by Mayring, this qualitative study applied Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine the efforts of nine self-identified school counselor advocates to advocate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) students. This study is warranted because LGBTQ students commonly experience bullying in the absence of resources while also trying to navigate a new identity. Findings indicated that the work expectations of other school stakeholders, along with the school counselors’ levels of advocacy self-efficacy and exposure to the LGBTQ community, were related to how, when, and why the school counselors advocated for LGBTQ students. We offer future research and practice recommendations to give more voice to LGBTQ students in the current sociopolitical climate.
Three-dimensional analysis of acetabular cup orientation and an evaluation of the relationship with pelvic sagittal parameters
Authors: Sahin Ali , Simsek Mehmet Emin , Gursoy Safa , Akkaya Mustafa , Isik Cetin , Bozkurt Murat
Published: July 2019

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on sagittal pelvic parameters and to evaluate the effect of sagittal pelvic parameters on acetabular cup orientation.

Methods:

The study included 86 patients who underwent THA for a diagnosis of unilateral coxarthrosis between 2011 and 2015. Measurements were taken of the preoperative and postoperative acetabular cup inclination (ACI), anteversion, and sagittal pelvic parameters. The effect of THA on sagittal pelvic parameters and the effects of the sagittal pelvic parameters on acetabular cup orientation were investigated.

Results:

The sagittal pelvic tilt values calculated were mean 9.7° ± 6.3° (2°; 23°) preoperatively and 11.0° ± 6.1° (2°; 25°) postoperatively. The increase in postoperative pelvic incidence (PI) values was determined to be statistically significant ( p < 0.05). The preoperative PI values had no significant effect on ACI, but in cases with high preoperative PI values, a tendency to high anteversion values was determined. The mean inclination values were found to be 40.2° ± 11.0° in the low PI group, 41.7° ± 7.4° in the normal PI group, and 44.1° ± 8.3° in the high PI group. As no increase in inclination values was observed with an increase in PI values, no statistical correlation was determined ( p = 0.343). Average of anteversion values in the low PI group was 9.2° ± 13.7°, in the normal PI group 19.3° ± 10.5°, and in the high PI group 21.1° ± 12.5°. The difference between the groups was statistically significant ( p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Evaluating the results of this study, it can be concluded that varying PI values do affect the acetabular cup anterversion in THA. So, preoperative assessment of PI values is important in preventing postoperative acetabular cup malposition.