bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Investigations on the Use of Copper Complexes as Molecular Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Fagnani Francesco , Colombo Alessia , Dragonetti Claudia , Roberto Dominique
Published: December 2023

Three decades ago, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) emerged as a route for harnessing the sun’s energy and converting it into electricity. Since then, an impressive amount of work has been devoted to improving the global photovoltaic efficiency of DSSCs, trying to optimize all components of the device. Up to now, the best efficiencies have usually been reached with ruthenium(II) photosensitizers, even if in the last few years many classes of organic compounds have shown record efficiencies. However, the future of DSSCs is stringently connected to the research and development of cheaper materials; in particular, the replacement of rare metals with abundant ones is an important topic in view of the long-term sustainability of DSSCs intended to replace the consolidated fossil-based technology. In this context, copper is a valid candidate, being both an alternative to ruthenium in the fabrication of photosensitizers and a material able to replace the common triiodide/iodide redox couple. Thus, recently, some research papers have confirmed the great potential of copper(I) coordination complexes as a cheap and convenient alternative to ruthenium dyes. Similarly, the use of copper compounds as electron transfer mediators for DSSCs can be an excellent way to solve the problems related to the more common I3−/I− redox couple. The goal of this mini-review is to report on the latest research devoted to the use of versatile copper complexes as photosensitizers and electron shuttles in DSSCs. The coverage, from 2022 up to now, illustrates the most recent studies on dye-sensitized solar cells based on copper complexes as molecular materials.
Synthesis of CoMoO4 Nanofibers by Electrospinning as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Fan Jiahui , Chang Xin , Li Lu , Zhang Mingyi
Published: December 2023

To improve the traditional energy production and consumption of resources, the acceleration of the development of a clean and green assembly line is highly important. Hydrogen is considered one of the most ideal options. The method of production of hydrogen through water splitting constitutes the most attractive research. We synthesized CoMoO4 nanofibers by electrospinning along with post-heat treatment at different temperatures. CoMoO4 nanofibers show a superior activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and only demand an overpotential of 80 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm–2. In particular, the CoMoO4 catalyst also delivers excellent performances of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH, which is a more complicated process that needs extra energy to launch. The CoMoO4 nanofibers also showed a superior stability in multiple CV cycles and maintained a catalytic activity for up to 80 h through chronopotentiometry tests. This is attributed mainly to a synergistic interaction between the different metallic elements that caused the activity of CoMoO4 beyond single oxides. This approach proved that bimetallic oxides are promising for energy production.
New Synthetic Isoxazole Derivatives Acting as Potent Inducers of Fetal Hemoglobin in Erythroid Precursor Cells Isolated from β-Thalassemic Patients
Authors: Zuccato Cristina , Cosenza Lucia Carmela , Tupini Chiara , Finotti Alessia , Sacchetti Gianni , Simoni Daniele , Gambari Roberto , Lampronti Ilaria
Published: December 2023

Induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is highly beneficial for patients carrying β-thalassemia, and novel HbF inducers are highly needed. Here, we describe a new class of promising HbF inducers characterized by an isoxazole chemical skeleton and obtained through modification of two natural molecules, geldanamycin and radicicol. After preliminary biological assays based on benzidine staining and RT-qPCR conducted on human erythroleukemic K562 cells, we employed erythroid precursors cells (ErPCs) isolated from β-thalassemic patients. ErPCs weretreated with appropriate concentrations of isoxazole derivatives. The accumulation of globin mRNAs was studied by RT-qPCR, and hemoglobin production by HPLC. We demonstrated the high efficacy of isozaxoles in inducing HbF. Most of these derivatives displayed an activity similar to that observed using known HbF inducers, such as hydroxyurea (HU) or rapamycin; some of the analyzed compounds were able to induce HbF with more efficiency than HU. All the compounds were active in reducing the excess of free α-globin in treated ErPCs. All the compounds displayed a lack of genotoxicity. These novel isoxazoles deserve further pre-clinical study aimed at verifying whether they are suitable for the development of therapeutic protocols for β-thalassemia.
Atomistic Insights into the Effect of Functional Groups on the Adsorption of Water by Activated Carbon for Heat Energy Storage
Authors: Duan Xin-Yue , Qian Zeng-Hui , Tuo Yong-Xiao , Gong Liang , Zhu Chuan-Yong
Published: December 2023

Adsorption heat storage holds great promise for solar energy applications. The development of new adsorbent materials is currently the research focus in this area. The present work designs several activated carbon models with different functional groups, including -OH, -NH2, -COOH, and -SO3H, and explores the influence of functional groups’ categories and numbers on the water adsorption capacity of the activated carbon using the GCMC method. The adsorption mechanism between functional groups and water molecules is analyzed using density functional theory. The results show that the functional groups could significantly improve the water adsorption capacity of activated carbon due to the hydrogen bond between functional groups and water molecules. In the scope of this paper, under low pressure, the activated carbon with -SO3H exhibits the best adsorption capacity, followed by the activated carbon with -COOH. Under low and medium pressure, increasing the number of -SO3H functional groups could increase the water adsorption capacity; however, when the pressure is high, increasing the functional group numbers might decrease the water adsorption capacity. As the temperature increases, the water adsorption capacity of activated carbons decreases, and the activated carbon with -SO3H is proven to have excellent application prospects in heat energy storage.
Network Proximity Analysis Deciphers the Pharmacological Mechanism of Osthole against D-Galactose Induced Cognitive Disorder in Rats
Authors: Wang Xue , Fu Xiaomei , Luo Xiurong , Lai Yiyi , Cai Chuipu , Liao Yanfang , Dai Zhao , Fang Shuhuan , Fang Jiansong
Published: December 2023

Osthole, a natural coumarin found in various medicinal plants, has been previously reported to have neuroprotective effects. However, the specific mechanism by which Osthole alleviates dysmnesia associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective properties of Osthole against cognitive impairment in rats induced by D-galactose and elucidate its pharmacological mechanism. The rat model was established by subcutaneously injecting D-galactose at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 56 days. The effect of Osthole on cognitive impairment was evaluated by behavior and biochemical analysis. Subsequently, a combination of in silico prediction and experimental validation was performed to verify the network-based predictions, using western blot, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence. The results demonstrate that Osthole could improve memory dysfunction induced by D-galactose in Sprague Dawley male rats. A network proximity-based approach and integrated pathways analysis highlight two key AD-related pathological processes that may be regulated by Osthole, including neuronal apoptosis, i.e., neuroinflammation. Among them, the pro-apoptotic markers (Bax), anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2), the microgliosis (Iba-1), Astro-cytosis (GFAP), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-R1) were evaluated in both hippocampus and cortex. The results indicated that Osthole significantly ameliorated neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation in D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment rats. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the pharmacological mechanism of Osthole in mitigating D-galactose-induced memory impairment and identifies Osthole as a potential drug candidate for AD treatment, targeting multiple signaling pathways through network proximity and integrated pathways analysis.
Systematic Assessment of the Catalytic Reactivity of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in C-H Bond Activation
Authors: Guo Yongjie , Lian Xueqi , Zhang Hao , Zhang Xueling , Chen Jun , Chen Changzhong , Lan Xiaobing , Shao Youxiang
Published: December 2023

Unreactive C-H bond activation is a new horizon for frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. This study provides a systematic assessment of the catalytic reactivity of recently reported intra-molecular FLPs on the activation of typical inert C-H bonds, including 1-methylpyrrole, methane, benzyl, propylene, and benzene, in terms of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reactivity of FLPs is evaluated according to the calculated reaction thermodynamic and energy barriers of C-H bond activation processes in the framework of concerted C-H activation mechanisms. As for 1-methylpyrrole, 14 types of N-B-based and 15 types of P-B-based FLPs are proposed to be active. Although none of the evaluated FLPs are able to catalyze the C-H activation of methane, benzyl, or propylene, four types of N-B-based FLPs are suggested to be capable of catalyzing the activation of benzene. Moreover, the influence of the strength of Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB), and the differences between the influences of LA and LB on the catalytic reactivity of FLPs, are also discussed briefly. This systematic assessment of the catalytic activity of FLPs should provide valuable guidelines to aid the development of efficient FLP-based metal-free catalysts for C-H bond activation.
Enzymatic Carboxylation of Resorcinol in Aqueous Triethanolamine at Elevated CO2 Pressure
Authors: Ohde Daniel , Thomas Benjamin , Bubenheim Paul , Liese Andreas
Published: December 2023

The fixation of CO2 by enzymatic carboxylation for production of valuable carboxylic acids is one way to recycle carbon. Unfortunately, this type of reaction is limited by an unfavourable thermodynamic equilibrium. An excess of the C1 substrate is required to increase conversions. Solvents with a high CO2 solubility, such as amines, can provide the C1 substrate in excess. Here, we report on the effect of CO2 pressures up to 1100 kPa on the enzymatic carboxylation of resorcinol in aqueous triethanolamine. Equilibrium yields correlate to the bicarbonate concentration. However, inhibition is observed at elevated pressure, severely reducing the enzyme activity. The reaction yields were reduced at higher pressures, whereas at ambient pressure, higher yields were achieved. Overall, CO2 pressures above 100 kPa have been demonstrated to be counterproductive for improving the biotransformation, as productivity decreases rapidly for only a modest improvement in conversion. It is expected that CO2 carbamylation intensifies at elevated CO2 pressures, causing the inhibition of the enzyme. To further increase the reaction yield, the in situ product precipitation is tested by the addition of the quaternary ammonium salt tetrabutylammonium bromide.
Nutraceutical Properties of Syringic Acid in Civilization Diseases—Review
Authors: Bartel Iga , Mandryk Izabela , Horbańczuk Jarosław O. , Wierzbicka Agnieszka , Koszarska Magdalena
Published: December 2023

Civilization diseases account for a worldwide health issue. They result from daily behavioral, environmental, and genetic factors. One of the most significant opportunities to prevent and alleviate the occurrence of these diseases is a diet rich in antioxidants like polyphenols. This review paper is concentrated on syringic acid (SA), one of the representative compounds of phenolic acids subgroups. There are many in vitro and in vivo studies on SA that assess its pivotal effects on oxidative stress and inflammation parameters. It is effective on metabolic risk factors as well, including hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. SA is one of the prominent polyphenolic compounds that may help address health issues related to civilization diseases.
Bringing Light into the Dark—Overview of Environmental Impacts of Carbon Fiber Production and Potential Levers for Reduction
Authors: Prenzel Tobias Manuel , Hohmann Andrea , Prescher Tim , Angerer Kerstin , Wehner Daniel , Ilg Robert , von Reden Tjark , Drechsler Klaus , Albrecht Stefan
Published: December 2023

Carbon fibers (CFs) are a crucial material for lightweight structures with advanced mechanical performance. However, there is still a paucity of detailed understanding regarding the environmental impacts of production. Previously, mostly singled-out scenarios for CF production have been assessed, often based on scarce transparent inventory data. To expand the current knowledge and create a robust database for future evaluation, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out. To this end, a detailed industry-approved LCI is published, which also proved plausible against the literature. Subsequently, based on a global scenario representing the market averages for precursor and CF production, the most relevant contributors to climate change (EF3.1 climate change, total) and the depletion of fossil energy carriers (EF3.1 resource use, fossil) were identified. The energy consumption in CF manufacturing was found to be responsible for 59% of the climate change and 48% of the fossil resource use. To enable a differentiated discussion of manufacturing locations and process energy consumption, 24 distinct scenarios were assessed. The findings demonstrate the significant dependence of the results on the scenarios’ boundary conditions: climate change ranges from 13.0 to 34.1 kg CO2 eq./kg CF and resource use from 262.3 to 497.9 MJ/kg CF. Through the investigated scenarios, the relevant reduction potentials were identified. The presented results help close an existing data gap for high-quality, regionalized, and technology-specific LCA results for the production of CF.
Highly Sustainable Dyes Adsorption in Wastewater Using Textile Filters Fabricated by UV Irradiation
Authors: Ryu Sujin , Park Young Ki , Shim Jaeyun , Lim Seungju , Kim Minsuk
Published: December 2023

Vast amounts of dyeing wastewater released from the textile industry can not only cause water pollution but also have negative effects on the human body, such as skin irritation and respiratory diseases. Dye adsorption technology is necessary for the treatment of wastewater discharged from the dyeing industry and for environmental improvement. However, to remove dyeing wastewater, more energy and solvents are used to fabricate adsorbents, or excessive energy is used to filter dyeing wastewater out, resulting in more environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method of filtering dyeing wastewater in a more environmentally friendly manner by minimizing the use of solvents and energy. In this study, we modified the surface of a textile substrate through UV irradiation to create a monomer capable of facilely bonding with dyes. Employing the UV photografting method, we were able to produce a dye adsorption filter in a more environmentally friendly manner, minimizing solvent usage and heat energy consumption required for absorbent synthesis. At a monomer concentration of 10%, the fabricated filter exhibited a dye removal efficiency of 97.34% after 24 h, all without the need for a pressure treatment or temperature increase. Moreover, it displayed an adsorption capacity of approximately 77.88 mg per 1 g of filter material.
Non-Invasive Sensory Input Results in Changes in Non-Painful and Painful Sensations in Two Upper-Limb Amputees
Authors: Lontis Eugen Romulus , Yoshida Ken , Jensen Winnie
Published: December 2023

Designs of active prostheses attempt to compensate for various functional losses following amputation. Integration of sensory feedback with the functional control re-enables sensory interaction with the environment through the prosthetic. Besides the functional and sensory loss, amputation induces anatomical and physiological changes of the sensory neural pathways, both peripherally and centrally, which can lead to phantom limb pain (PLP). Additionally, referred sensation areas (RSAs) likely originating from peripheral nerve sprouting, regeneration, and sensory reinnervation may develop. RSAs might provide a non-invasive access point to sensory neural pathways that project to the lost limb. This paper aims to report on the sensory input features, elicited using non-invasive electrical stimulation of RSAs that over time alleviated PLP in two upper-limb amputees. The distinct features of RSAs and sensation evoked using mechanical and electrical stimuli were characterized for the two participants over a period of 7 and 9 weeks, respectively. Both participants received transradial and transhumeral amputation following traumatic injuries. In one participant, a relatively low but stable number of RSAs provided a large variety of types of evoked phantom hand (PH) sensations. These included non-painful touch, vibration, tingling, stabbing, pressure, warmth/cold as well as the perception of various positions and movements of the phantom hand upon stimulation. Discomforting and painful sensations were induced with both mechanical and electrical stimuli. The other participant had a relatively large number of RSAs which varied over time. Stimulation of the RSAs provided mostly non-painful sensations of touch in the phantom hand. Temporary PLP alleviation and a change in the perception of the phantom hand from a tight to a more open fist were reported by both participants. The specificity of RSAs, dynamics in perception of the sensory input, and the associated alleviation of PLP could be effectively exploited by designs of future active prostheses. As such, techniques for the modulation of the sensory input associated with paradigms from interaction with the environment may add another dimension of protheses towards integrating personalized therapy for PLP.
Impact of Policy Design on Plastic Waste Reduction in Africa
Authors: Omondi Isaac , Asari Misuzu
Published: December 2023

Single-use plastic (SUP) is an important product group in plastic pollution with various measures managing it within its lifecycle. Africa has the highest single-use plastic bag (SUPB) policy adoption by region globally, but the plastic problem persists, raising policy design concerns on effectiveness. This paper explores plastic policy design on plastic waste reduction in Africa. Using gap analysis and integrative propositional analysis, the status, scope, and variability of policies are assessed against a reference model. There are 48 active policies in 39 of the 55 countries in Africa. Of these, three countries have transitioned from plastic bag bans to SUP policies to manage more plastic products, and two countries have transitioned from SUPB charges to SUPB bans. There are 12 packaging policies, 29 bag policies, 2 bottle policies, 1 utensil and polystyrene boxes policy, and 1 straw policy. Themed SUP and packaging policies loosely cover plastic products. Four of the nine packaging policies analyzed are SUPB policies by design, as they explicitly mention the control of bags rather than primary packaging. Sixteen policies are designed for biodegradability restrictions, while ten policies are total bans on single-use plastic products. The lack of definitions and coherence and provision of exemptions in policies result in plastic waste traceable from exemptions, in-policy, undefined SUP, out-of-policy SUP, and non-SUP sources. The use of different policy mix instruments to manage plastic within its lifecycle was identified in African countries. The design of new policies should consider these shortcomings to enhance plastic waste management by explicitly identifying products and outlining management measures for excluded plastic products within the same plastic group for SUP or packaging policies in the absence of a global or regionally binding plastic policy.
The Optimization of Steam Generation in a Biomass-Fired Micro-Cogeneration Prototype Operating on a Modified Rankine Cycle
Authors: Sornek Krzysztof , Jankowski Marcin , Borsukiewicz Aleksandra , Filipowicz Mariusz
Published: December 2023

According to the United Nations, one of the sustainable development goals is to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Among other options, these goals can be achieved by developing and introducing micro-scale combined heat and power systems powered by renewable energy sources, including solar and biomass energy. Considering renewable energy-powered cogeneration technologies, the most promising are steam/vapor turbines, Stirling engines, and thermoelectric generators. This paper focuses on the selected operational aspects and retrofitting optimization of the prototypical micro-cogeneration system powered by a biomass-fired batch boiler and operating according to the modified Rankine cycle. The existing installation was tested, and the amount of energy transferred from the oil to the condensate and steam and the efficiency of the evaporator and the superheater were determined. A retrofitting optimization aimed at maximizing the piston engine’s power output was conducted based on the results. In particular, it was shown that the system’s power output might be as high as 9 kWe. Moreover, the analyzed system featured a high energy utilization factor of 97.9% at optimal operating conditions. In general, it was shown that the micro-scale steam Rankine system may successfully serve as an alternative technology for micro- and distributed cogeneration systems. As a technology supplied with renewable biomass energy and operating on a cheap and environmentally friendly working medium (water), it fits very well into the idea of sustainable energy system development.
Determining the Scale to Ensure Locality and a Sense of Belonging in the Housing Redevelopment Process: Bursa Hürriyet Neighborhood Field Study
Authors: Ersoy Sibel , Taş Nilüfer , Taş Murat
Published: December 2023

Regarding housing redevelopment in Türkiye, the unplanned scale increase is one of the most critical problems facing the cities that have grown due to immigration. One of the most critical problems in housing redevelopment is the inability to ensure locality and retain the current inhabitants. Due to the fact that the issues of locality and ensuring a sense of belonging are ignored in most cases, the housing units usually lack local architectural identity, resemble each other, and do not meet socio-cultural needs. The purpose of this study is to identify locally specific, value-driven results to ensure the continuity of the existing users in the event of housing redevelopment by conducting a field study in the Bursa Hürriyet Neighborhood, which had been formed under the influence of immigration and where the users have adapted over time and preserved their socio-cultural living habits. As a method, a questionnaire was distributed to the users, a list of questions generated with the Delphi technique was posed to the experts, and then both were analyzed. By ensuring the correct reading of local information, suggestions are presented in order to identify the appropriate scale for both users and the city with the “glocal approach” in cities developing under global influences.
The Efficiency of Using Machine Learning Techniques in Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer Applications in Structural Engineering
Authors: Alhusban Mohammad , Alhusban Mohannad , Alkhawaldeh Ayah A.
Published: December 2023

Sustainable solutions in the building construction industry have emerged as a new method for retrofitting applications in the last two decades. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have garnered much attention among researchers for improving reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The existing design guidelines for FRP-strengthened RC members were developed using empirical methods that are based on specific databases, limiting the accuracy of the predicted results. Therefore, the use of innovative and efficient prediction tools to predict the behavior of FRP-strengthened RC members has become essential. During the last few years, efforts have been progressively focused on the use of machine learning (ML) as a feasible and effective technique for solving various structural engineering problems. Its capability to predict the behavior of complex nonlinear structural systems while considering a wide range of parameters offers a distinctive opportunity to make the behavior of RC members more predictable and accurate. This paper aims to evaluate the current state of using various ML algorithms in RC members strengthened with FRP to enable researchers to determine the capabilities of current solutions as well as to find research gaps to carry out more research to bridge revealed knowledge and practice gaps. Scopus databases were searched using predefined standards. The search revealed ninety-six articles published between 2016 and 2023. Consequently, these articles were analyzed for ML applications in the field of FRP retrofitting, including flexural and shear strengthening of RC beams, flexural strengthening of slabs, confinement and compressive strength of columns, and FRP bond strength. The results reveal that 32% of the reviewed studies focused on the application of ML techniques to the flexural and shear strengthening of RC beams, 32% on the confinement and compressive strength of columns, 6.5% on the flexural strengthening of slabs, 22% on FRP bond strength, 6.5% on materials, and 1% on beam–column joints. This research also revealed that the application of various ML algorithms has shown a significant improvement in resistance prediction accuracy as compared with the existing empirical solutions. Supervised learning techniques were the most favorable learning method due to their good generalization, interpretability, adaptability, and predictive efficiency. In addition, the selection of suitable ML algorithms and optimization techniques is found to be mainly dictated by the nature of the problem and the characteristics of the dataset. Nonetheless, selecting the most appropriate ML model and optimization algorithm for each specific application remains a challenge, given that each algorithm is developed with different principles and methodologies.
Emission Characteristics of Particle Number from Conventional Gasoline and Hybrid Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yang Xinping , Fu Mingliang
Published: December 2023

Vehicular particle number (PN) emissions have garnered increasing attention. In this study, nine light-duty vehicles, involving conventional internal combustion engine gasoline vehicles (ICEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), underwent testing on a chassis dynamometer to elucidate key factors influencing PN emissions. We found that with more stringent emission standards Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) vehicles exhibited a reduction in PN emission factors. Higher PN emissions for GDI vehicles than vehicles with Multi-Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines were observed; meanwhile, HEV showed lower PN emissions than ICEVs. PN emissions for cold start consistently exceeded warm start across vehicles with different standards and technologies. Notably, China VI HEV exhibited a substantial 19.2-fold increase in PN emissions for cold start compared to warm start. Analysis on a second-by-second basis revealed that cold-start emissions concentrated in low speed, while warm-start emissions were prominent in extra-high speed. Concerning vehicle specific power (VSP), the lowest mean PN emission rate occurred during idle conditions. PN emissions for China IV-VI ICEVs with GDI engines would increase with the increasing VSP, whereas China VI ICEVs with PFI engines and HEV with GDI engines showed varied patterns of PN emissions, especially under cold start. Our study would further facilitate formulating effective strategies for vehicular PN emissions.
Impact of Human and Social Board Capital on the Level of Sustainability Reporting: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsheikh Awatif Hodaed
Published: December 2023

The Board of directors serves as the primary mechanism for corporate governance, prompting numerous researchers to investigate the influence of its characteristics on the extent of sustainability reporting across various regions worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to examine the impact of human and social board capital, namely, a board of directors’ multiple directorships and level of financial expertise, on the level of sustainability disclosure (SRL) reported by non-financial Saudi companies during the period from 2018 to 2022. To achieve these objectives, 654 firm-year observations belonging to 140 non-financial companies in Saudi Arabia were used. An SRL index was constructed using the following four aspects of sustainability: governance, economic, social, and environmental aspects. At the same time, the most common measurements for independent variables, as found in the literature, were utilized. An OLS regression analysis was performed as the main test of our two hypotheses, and the concluded results demonstrated that both the board of directors’ multiple directorships and its level of financial expertise have significant positive impacts on the SRL. These findings are the first of their kind in the context of Saudi Arabia and can help market regulators, policymakers, and decision-makers in their attempt to achieve the goals of the country’s sustainability initiatives and Vision 2030.
Transformation of Urban Spaces: The Impact of Green Roofs in Košice, Slovakia
Authors: Vargova Alena , Köhler Sally , Hötzel Sarina , Schröter Bastian , Vranayova Zuzana , Kaposztasova Daniela
Published: December 2023

The creation of the greenIZOLA Experimental Center results from a long-term collaboration between the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, and the construction company, IZOLA Košice, s.r.o. The project focuses on a four-story administrative building with four terraces and services, asphalt roads, and warehouses located in the industrial part known as Nad Jazerom, in Košice, Slovakia. This study examines the benefits of green roofs as a case study in green transformation processes. Green roofs have multiple benefits. In addition to reducing energy demands for heating and cooling through better insulation properties, green roofs can improve stormwater management and local water balances by mitigating water runoff and increasing local evaporation. They can reduce energy demands, improve stormwater management, and enhance biodiversity. The research involved comparing pre- and post-establishment data with simulations. The roof was divided into three test segments for temperature measurements throughout the year. External climatic parameters were monitored using a weather station and a pyranometer. Long-term temperature monitoring in the individual roof layers was also conducted. This data was crucial for validating the building energy demand simulation models, assessed using the SimStadt platform. The results showed a 15–40% reduction in U-values with different types of greening. The findings could encourage more widespread implementation of green roofs in Slovakia and Eastern Europe.
Effects of Exclusive Lanes for Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Expressways under Mixed Traffic of Autonomous and Human-Driven Vehicles
Authors: Park Jonghan , Jang Seunghwa , Ko Joonho
Published: December 2023

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to be seen easily on our roads, providing benefits to society in the future. However, due to the challenges faced such as technical and regulatory issues, it will take a long time to reach 100% AVs, suggesting the coexistence of AVs and human-driven vehicles (HVs) for a substantial time. This coexistence of the mixed traffic of AVs and HVs may affect network performances in urban areas. Under this circumstance, to promote the rapid advancement of AV technology, transportation authorities are considering introducing AV-exclusive lanes. This study evaluates AV lane operation scenarios with mixed traffic consisting of both AVs and HVs. We utilized a macroscopic traffic simulation-based approach to measure the effects of AV lanes on two urban expressways in Seoul, South Korea. We varied the market penetration rate (MPR) from 10 to 80% in 10% increments. The simulation results indicate that the impact of exclusive lanes can be either negligible or beneficial depending on the characteristics of the roads. The results also showed that, in terms of the efficient use of road capacity, AV lanes should be introduced when the MPR reaches at least 20 to 30%. The results also showed that the capacity gain effect is more sensitive over a lower MPR range. We expect this study to not only enhance policy makers’ and planners’ fundamental understanding of the early stages of AV-exclusive lanes, but also help them prepare a large-scale urban network structure in the future.
Application of Biopolymers as Sustainable Cladding Materials: A Review
Authors: Nazrun Touha , Hassan Md Kamrul , Hossain Md Delwar , Ahmed Bulbul , Hasnat Md Rayhan , Saha Swapan
Published: December 2023

The application of biopolymer materials in cladding presents a promising avenue for enhancing building sustainability, while addressing the limitations of conventional synthetic polymers. Cladding serves a dual purpose of protection and aesthetics for buildings, but increasing global energy consumption and environmental concerns necessitate the adoption of sustainable practices. The construction sector’s substantial energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions highlight the urgent need for sustainable building materials. Conventional cladding materials often lack sustainability and environmental compatibility. Biopolymers, derived from living organisms or by-products, offer a potential solution with their biodegradability, renewability, and low embodied energy. These materials can revolutionise cladding practices by providing eco-friendly alternatives aligned with sustainable construction demands. Integrating biopolymers with synthetic polymers can enhance material biodegradability, contributing to overall degradation. Prominent biopolymers like PLA, PHAs, starch-based polymers, cellulose, PHB, and PBS exhibit biodegradability and sustainability, positioning them in the front rank for cladding applications. Despite significant research in biopolymer applications in different fields, there is limited research to identify the application and limitations of biopolymers as building cladding materials. This review paper aims to bridge the research gaps by comprehensively analysing diverse biopolymer cladding materials based on their properties and exploring their cross-domain utility, thereby highlighting their transformative role in sustainable construction practices. The expanding biopolymer market in building cladding materials underscores their potential to drive innovation, with projected growth emphasising their importance.
Urban Growth Monitoring and Prediction Using Remote Sensing Urban Monitoring Indices Approach and Integrating CA-Markov Model: A Case Study of Lagos City, Nigeria
Authors: Gilbert Katabarwa Murenzi , Shi Yishao
Published: December 2023

As one of the swiftly advancing megacities globally, Lagos faces significant challenges in managing its urban expansion. Mainly, this study focuses on monitoring and predicting urban growth using a comprehensive approach incorporating Global Land 30 (GL30), satellite-based nighttime light observations, and built-up and population density data. The application of remote sensing techniques, combined with utilizing the GL30 dataset, provides an effective means to monitor and predict urban growth trends and patterns. The major patterns occurred from 2000 to 2020, including increased cultivated land; reductions in grasslands, shrublands, and wetlands; and major urbanization. Predictive models indicate that urbanization will continue. Furthermore, employing the Cellular Automata (CA) Markov model in land-use and land-cover (LULC) change prediction. The findings revealed significant changes in LULC over the two decades. Particularly, the percentage of artificial terrain increased from 17.016% to 25.208%, and the area under cultivation increased significantly, rising from 46,771 km2 (1.238%) in 2000 to 75,283 km2 (1.993%) in 2020. Grasslands fell from 7.839% to 1.875%, while forest cover somewhat increased, climbing from 39.319% to 43.081%. Additionally, marshes fell from 9.788% to 5.646%, while shrublands decreased from 4.421% to 2.640%. Surprisingly, bare ground decreased sharply from 0.677% to 0.003%. To forecast future LULC changes, the study also used a Markov Chain Transition Matrix. According to the data, there is a 3.54% chance that agricultural land will become urban, converting it from being used for agriculture to urban development. On the other hand, just 1.05% of forested regions were likely to become municipal areas. This study offers foundations for the upcoming research to enhance urban growth models and sustainability strategies in the face of rising urbanization and environmental concerns in the region, as well as laying the groundwork for informed decision-making in the region.
Surface Functionalization of TiO2 Nanotubes Modified with a Thin Film of BiFeO3
Authors: Ramazanov Shikhgasan , Orudzhev Farid , Gajiev Gaji
Published: December 2023

The atomic layer deposition method allows for the production of a thin film with a high aspect ratio on the uneven surface of titanium dioxide nanotubes TiO2(Nt). A modified BiFeO3/TiO2(Nt)/Ti (BFOT) structure with controllable electrical characteristics was obtained. BFOT possesses both ferroelectric and semiconductor properties with nonlinear conductivity dependent on the magnitude and duration of the voltage supply. Analysis of the temperature dependence of charge variation showed leakage currents in the BFOT structure due to the capture and release of charge carriers from defect levels. Surface modification of nanotubes with the multiferroic BiFeO3 allows for the creation of semiconductors with adaptive functional properties.
A Comparative Gender Analysis of Injury Characteristics, Treatments and Outcomes among Persons Seeking Emergency Care in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Mumporeze Lise , Uwamahoro Chantal , Uwamahoro Doris , Beeman Aly , Jensen Destry , Tang Oliver Young , Odoom Enyonam , Jarmale Spandana , Garbern Stephanie C. , González Marqués Catalina , Stephen Andrew , Aluisio Adam R.
Published: December 2023

In high-income nations, gender has been associated with injury characteristics. This study evaluated injury epidemiology and care based on gender at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali in Rwanda. Patients presenting to the emergency department with acute injuries were prospectively enrolled from 27 January–28 June 2020, and descriptive statistics were performed with comparisons between males and females. Of 601 patients, 25.6% were female and 74.4% were male. There were gender differences in the mechanism of injury, with females more likely to be injured in falls (43.5% versus 23.0%, p = 0.001); meanwhile, males were more likely to suffer road traffic accidents (52.6% versus 39.6%, p = 0.006). The severity of injury was similar between genders based on the mean Kampala Trauma Score (14.4 versus 14.7, p = 0.09). Females were more likely to have been transported by prehospital services (87.7% versus 72.9%, p = 0.001), and less likely to receive acute treatment during the first six hours of care (67.5% versus 78.1%, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in mortality between females and males (2.0% versus 1.3%, p = 0.568). This study highlights differences in the epidemiology and care between males and females presenting for emergency injury care in Rwanda. These findings can inform future research and developments in gender-centered healthcare delivery.
Clostridium perfringens Type D Epsilon Toxin Causes Blood–Retinal Barrier Microvascular Damage and Diffuse Retinal Vasogenic Oedema
Authors: Finnie John W.
Published: December 2023

Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin (ETX) causes severe retinal microvascular endothelial injury in the rat. The resulting blood–retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown leads to increased vascular permeability, which was detected immunohistochemically by the extravasation of plasma albumin as a vascular tracer, and ensuing severe, diffuse, vasogenic retinal oedema. This microvascular damage was also confirmed by a loss of endothelial barrier antigen, a marker of an intact BRB in rats. Since similar microvascular lesions are found in EXT-exposed laboratory rodent and sheep brains, and the BRB resembles the BBB, they are also likely to occur in the eyes of naturally epsilon-intoxicated sheep and goats, but this remains to be determined. Moreover, while retinal oedema is a common and important component of many human and veterinary ocular disorders, more effective treatments are required. Accordingly, the retinal vasogenic oedema reliably and reproducibly induced by ETX in rats provides a useful model in which to study the pathogenesis of retinal oedema development and evaluate its prevention or amelioration by putative pharmacological interventions.
Towards a Better Understanding of the Back-Side Illumination Mode on Photocatalytic Metal–Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition Coatings Used for Treating Wastewater Polluted by Pesticides
Authors: Quintero-Castañeda Cristian Yoel , Tendero Claire , Triquet Thibaut , Acevedo Paola Andrea , Latapie Laure , Sierra-Carrillo María Margarita , Andriantsiferana Caroline
Published: December 2023

Pesticides are emerging contaminants that pose various risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. In this work, diuron was considered as a contaminant model to investigate the influence of the back-side illumination mode (BSI) on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 coatings grown on Pyrex plates by metal–organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). A photoreactor working in recirculation mode was irradiated at 365 nm with ultraviolet A (UVA) light-emitting diodes in BSI. The degradation of diuron and its transformation products was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography, and total organic carbon analysis. The coatings were characterised by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Five coatings containing 3, 7, 10, 12 and 27 mg of TiO2 exhibited different morphology, crystallinity, thickness and photocatalytic activities. The morphology and crystallinity of the coatings had no significant influence on their photocatalytic activity, unlike their mass and thickness. TiO2 contents less than 10 mg limit the photocatalytic activity, whereas those greater than 15 mg are inefficient in the BSI because of their thickness. The maximum efficiency was achieved for coatings of thickness 1.8 and 2 µm with TiO2 contents of 10 and 12 mg, revealing that the photocatalyst thickness controls the photocatalytic efficiency in the BSI.
Dimensionamiento de generación eléctrica fotovoltaica para abastecer un sistema de iluminación
Authors: Angulo Guerrero Ronny Joel , González Santana Washington Junior
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se presenta un estudio sobre el dimensionamiento de la generación eléctrica fotovoltaica para abastecer un sistema de iluminación. Se analizan diferentes aspectos, como la ubicación geográfica, la demanda energética, el diseño del sistema fotovoltaico y los costos asociados. Se utiliza un enfoque metodológico que combina el cálculo de la radiación solar incidente, el rendimiento de los paneles solares, la eficiencia de los componentes y la estimación de la energía requerida para la iluminación. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la viabilidad y eficiencia de la generación eléctrica fotovoltaica para abastecer sistemas de iluminación, brindando una alternativa sostenible y económica.
MODEL KEPERAWATAN ADAPTASI CALISTA ROY TERHADAP BODY IMAGE PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III
Authors: Surtiati Eti , Sunita Anna , Nuraeni Ati , Susilowati Dwi
Published: December 2023

Model keperawatan Adaptasi Callista Roy  ini memandang bahwa setiap manusia pasti mempunyai potensi untuk dapat beradaptasi terhadap stimulus baik stimulus internal maupun eksternal dan kemampuan adaptasi ini dapat dilihat dari berbagai tingkatan usia.  Ibu hamil dapat merasakan kekhawatirannya mengenai perubahan bentuk tubuh yang terjadi dan dapat juga merasa ragu akan kemampuan peran barunya sebagai ibu, sehingga pengalaman ini menimbulkan bermacam rasa antara bahagia dan cemas selama kehamilan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model keperawatan Adaptasi Fungsi Fisiologis Callista Roy terhadap body image ibu hamil trimester III di Puskesmas kota Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimental pre post with control group design. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner untuk mengukur adaptasi psikologis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil trimester III yang berkunjung di Puskesmas Pancasan Kota Bogor yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan esklusi berjumlah 40 ibu. Sampel terdiri atas 20 orang kelompok perlakuan dan 20 orang kelompok kontrol. Analisis univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji t-independent.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan body image ibu hamil trimester III antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi sesudah diberikan model keperawatan adaptasi fungsi fisiologi Callista Roy dengan nilai p=0,032 untuk body image. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang bermakna pada body image ibu hamil setelah diberikan model keperawatan adaptasi fungsi fisiologi Callista Roy.
La metáfrasis de Job por León el filósofo
Authors: Bértola Julián
Published: December 2023

León el filósofo (circa 790 – post 869) es el autor de un tratado en 638 hexámetros titulado “Job o sobre la indiferencia al dolor y sobre la paciencia”. El presente trabajo se propone investigar la versión de León de la historia de Job (versos 39-215). La hipótesis principal es que esta sección del poema puede leerse como una metáfrasis en verso del libro veterotestamentario. Para demostrar la hipótesis, este artículo estudia la técnica metafrástica de León: cuáles elementos se omiten, condensan, alteran o expanden; cuáles son las implicancias del hexámetro en el estilo; y qué otros textos se incorporan.
Personajes secundarios y su vínculo con la tradición literaria en Drosila y Caricles de Nicetas Eugeniano (s. XII)
Authors: Cortez Paloma
Published: December 2023

En este trabajo analizaremos la construcción de los personajes secundarios Cleandro y Calidemo de la novela Drosila y Caricles compuesta por Nicetas Eugeniano en el siglo XII. Nuestra hipótesis es que ellos son conocedores de la tradición literaria y que estos saberes informan sus palabras y su conducta. El corpus seleccionado gira en torno a la representación de la pasión erótica y su vínculo con la enfermedad y la muerte. Para llevar a cabo este estudio nos apoyaremos en los postulados de la narratología cognitiva que nos permitirán relacionar la recepción de relatos con la conformación de la propia experiencia.