bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schizomyia botellus n.sp. – a new bud galling species from Apiaceae in Israel
Authors: DORCHIN NETTA , FREIDBERG AMNON
Published: March 2019

In a recent paper (Dorchin & Freidberg 2011) we reviewed the cecidomyiid fauna of the plant family Apiaceae in Israel. For one of the species that was described in that paper, we failed to provide details about the holotype depository, which we now provide in this note in order to make the species name available. We hereby describe the new species Schizomyia botellus Dorchin & Freidberg, by reference to its full description in the above mentioned publication. Details of the holotype are as follows: ♂, Israel, Mishor Paran, 17.iii.1995, N. Dorchin, reared from Deverra triradiata gall, deposited in the national collection of insects, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (TAUI). Details about the paratypes, biology and distribution of the new species are found in Dorchin & Freidberg 2011.
Scaling Down Inequality: Rating Scales, Gender Bias, and the Architecture of Evaluation
Authors: Rivera Lauren A. , Tilcsik András
Published: March 2019

Quantitative performance ratings are ubiquitous in modern organizations—from businesses to universities—yet there is substantial evidence of bias against women in such ratings. This study examines how gender inequalities in evaluations depend on the design of the tools used to judge merit. Exploiting a quasi-natural experiment at a large North American university, we found that the number of scale points used in faculty teaching evaluations—whether instructors were rated on a scale of 6 versus a scale of 10—significantly affected the size of the gender gap in evaluations in the most male-dominated fields. A survey experiment, which presented all participants with an identical lecture transcript but randomly varied instructor gender and the number of scale points, replicated this finding and suggested that the number of scale points affects the extent to which gender stereotypes of brilliance are expressed in quantitative ratings. These results highlight how seemingly minor technical aspects of performance ratings can have a major effect on the evaluation of men and women. Our findings thus contribute to a growing body of work on organizational practices that reduce workplace inequalities and the sociological literature on how rating systems—rather than being neutral instruments—shape the distribution of rewards in organizations.
“I just love it”: Avid knitters describe health and well-being through occupation
Authors: Brooks Laura , Ta Kim-Huong Ngan , Townsend Anne F. , Backman Catherine L.
Published: March 2019

Background.

Examining craft-based occupations is necessary to explicate the relationship between occupation and well-being.

Purpose.

This study aimed to understand the role of knitting in the lives of passionate knitters and their experience of how knitting contributes to health, well-being, and occupational identity.

Method.

Principles of phenomenology guided interviews with 21 knitting-guild members (with and without health conditions) and observations at seven guild meetings as well as guided the data analysis. Eight interviewees and 24 additional guild members confirmed key findings in writing.

Findings.

Five main themes capture how knitting (a) “makes me happy,” (b) is “the mental challenge I need,” (c) is “a hobby that joins” through social connections and skill development, (d) sustains identity such that “I can’t imagine life without knitting,” and (e) is a creative outlet “reflecting my personality.”

Implications.

This in-depth description of how knitters experience their craft in daily life bolsters the philosophical assumption that favoured occupations have the power to promote health and well-being.
Coalition Agreements, Issue Attention, and Cabinet Governance
Authors: Klüver Heike , Bäck Hanna
Published: March 2019

Why do coalition parties settle some policy issues in great detail, whereas other issues are hardly mentioned in coalition agreements? Coalition agreements are important policy platforms that determine policy making during the legislative term. However, we know remarkably little about their content. We shed light on why issue attention in coalition agreements varies so extensively. We argue that intra-cabinet conflict positively affects issue attention as parties have stronger incentives to negotiate a detailed policy agenda that constrains their coalition partners. However, we expect that this effect is conditioned by preference tangentiality and the salience of an issue among coalition partners. Our theoretical expectations are tested drawing on a new data set based on a comprehensive content analysis of 224 agreements negotiated by 181 parties between 1945 and 2015 in 24 West and East European countries. We find support for our hypotheses and conclude that parties draft agreements to limit “ministerial drift.”
Policy Regimes and Economic Accountability in Latin America
Authors: Carlin Ryan E. , Hellwig Timothy
Published: March 2019

The shifts from state-led development to neoliberalism in Latin America have prompted debates on the quality of democracy. Although most discussions focus on responsiveness, we examine how economic policy regimes influence accountability. How do policy regimes affect citizens’ ability to hold executives to accounts? This ability, we argue, strengthens where policy regimes are more statist and weakens where policy regimes are more market oriented. Time-series analyses of policy orientations, economic conditions, and presidential approval in 17 countries support this proposition, whereas complementary analyses at the individual-level are consistent with claims that policy regimes influence accountability via a responsibility mechanism. Findings from this study imply that by embracing heterodox policy regimes, recent Latin American executives have improved accountability compared with the era in which the “Washington Consensus” held sway.
Being There Is Half the Battle: Group Inclusion, Constitution-Writing, and Democracy
Authors: Eisenstadt Todd A. , Maboudi Tofigh
Published: March 2019

Using an original data set assessing the effect of the 195 new constitutions worldwide over the past 40 years on levels of democracy, this article argues that when popular participation and group inclusion are both considered, inclusion is what matters. After showing that group inclusion generates more improvements in levels of democracy than mere participation in our data set of implemented constitutions, we address some of the prominent cases of constitution-writing failure that occur when individual participation is valued more highly than group inclusion. The article shows that even after unprecedented waves of popular participation through social media feedback (Egypt and Iceland) and focus groups and workshops (Chile), participation alone cannot generate constitutions that improve levels of democracy, or, sometimes, even the very promulgation of new constitutions. Indeed, using these cases as illustrations, we show how participation without inclusion is doomed to failure. We then show that high inclusion cases, even if they involve low participation (such as Tunisia 2014 and Colombia 1991), do generate democracy improvements.
The Intergenerational Stability of Punishment: Paternal Incarceration and Suspension or Expulsion in Elementary School
Authors: Jacobsen Wade C.
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

I extend the life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage to focus on continuity in punishment across generations. Specifically, I examine (1) the association between paternal incarceration and elementary school suspension or expulsion and (2) the extent to which behavior problems and weakened social bonds explain this association.

Method:

Analyses rely on logistic regression, propensity score matching, and mediation methods with data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,201), a birth cohort of children born in large U.S. cities between 1998 and 2000.

Results:

The odds of school punishment among children who had a residential father incarcerated by age 5 are 75 percent greater than the odds for children in a matched control group. About one third of this association is accounted for by behavior problems and weakened social bonds. Even after accounting for behavior problems and social bonds, children whose fathers were incarcerated are at greater risk of school punishment.

Conclusions:

I find evidence of an intergenerational stability of punishment and mixed support for an intergenerational extension to cumulative disadvantage theory. Paternal incarceration is associated with children’s likelihood of experiencing formal punishment in elementary school, and behavior problems and weakened social bonds explain part of this association.
Thanksgiving Day Alcohol Use: Associations With Expectations and Negative Affect
Authors: O’Hara Ross E. , Wang Wenhuan , Troisi Jordan D.
Published: March 2019

Thanksgiving is known for celebration, indulgence, and, unfortunately, alcohol-related consequences. No research to date, however, has explored predictors of Thanksgiving drinking that may help to explain the risky behaviors commonly observed over this holiday. We examined whether Thanksgiving Day drinking is related to expectations about the holiday and negative affect, as well as gender differences in these associations. This study is the first to examine Thanksgiving as a high-risk drinking event and to focus exclusively on U.S. non-college adults. Two hundred eight participants recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk completed online surveys one week before, one day before, and one day after Thanksgiving 2016. Measures included expectations about Thanksgiving, daily anxiety, depressed affect, stress, and alcohol use. Logistic and Poisson regressions were used to predict whether participants drank and how much they drank on Thanksgiving Day, respectively. Choosing to drink on Thanksgiving was associated with higher daily anxiety but not with daily depressed affect or stress. Among men who drank on Thanksgiving, higher daily depressed affect was associated with more consumption, especially for men with positive expectations about Thanksgiving. Among women who drank on Thanksgiving, higher daily depressed affect was associated with more consumption for women with negative expectations about Thanksgiving but less consumption for women with positive expectations. These findings suggest that negative affect experienced during Thanksgiving is relevant to event-specific alcohol use. This study also underscores the importance of research that focuses on specific, high-risk drinking events, and uses samples of non-college U.S. adults.
The effect of garment combinations on thermal comfort of office clothing
Authors: Atasağun Hande G , Okur Ayşe , Psikuta Agnes , Rossi René M , Annaheim Simon
Published: March 2019

Clothing and the enclosed air layers highly affect heat dissipation from the body and thus, are crucial factors when it comes to thermal comfort. The heat and moisture transfer is affected by the variation of the size and the shape of air gaps between the garment and the human body. In addition, the fabric and garment design properties can affect the amount of heat loss from different body parts. In this study, we investigated the effect of fabric properties (different raw materials and weave types) and the garment fit on the heat loss through the garment combinations (undershirt and shirt) for the different parts of the upper body (trunk, chest, and back) using a sweating thermal manikin. The undershirt fit and the raw material of the shirts showed strong effects on the dry thermal resistance of the garment combinations. Moreover, the undershirt properties affected the evaporative heat loss from garment combinations, and the magnitude of these effects varied over different body regions. Whilst the undershirt fit had a significant impact on the evaporative heat loss of the back region, the influence of the undershirt raw material was more important in the chest region. The findings of this study provide fundamental knowledge to improve the thermal comfort of garment combinations for office wear.
Lost in Multidimensional Space: Epistemic Motivations Define and Distinguish Negative Affect
Authors: Maher Paul J. , Van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Igou Eric R.
Published: March 2019

People’s knowledge of the world is limited and frequently imprecise. Thus, epistemic challenges are commonplace and much research in psychology has investigated their consequences. However, research has not systematically investigated how states of negative affect correspond to the desire for understanding and meaning in life. We investigated the role of epistemic motivations (e.g., meaning search) as features that distinguish forms of negative affect from one another. In three studies, we used multidimensional scaling to model the perceived similarity of negative affect states and then examined to what extent people differentiate these states based on their association with epistemic motivations. These studies revealed that negative states are reliably differentiated through their relation to epistemic pursuits. These findings were verified in a fourth study in which we experimentally induced epistemic affect. Overall, these results indicate that epistemic concerns characterize states of negative affect to a substantial degree.
Pediatric Stapes Surgery: Hearing and Surgical Outcomes in Endoscopic vs Microscopic Approaches
Authors: Tolisano Anthony M. , Fontenot Miles R. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Hunter Jacob B. , Kutz Joe Walter , Rivas Alejandro , Isaacson Brandon
Published: March 2019

Objective

To compare endoscopic and microscopic pediatric stapes surgery.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Two academic otology practices.

Subjects and Methods

Surgical and hearing outcomes were compared for consecutive children (<18 years) undergoing microscopic and endoscopic stapes surgery. The main outcome measure was closure of the air‐bone gap (ABG) to ≤20 dB.

Results

Twenty‐two endoscopic surgeries (17 stapedectomies, 4 stapedotomies, and 1 stapes mobilization) and 52 microscopic surgeries (30 stapedectomies, 19 stapedotomies, and 3 stapes mobilizations) were performed. Patient demographics, history of ipsilateral middle ear surgery, and revision stapes surgery status were similar. The most common diagnosis for the endoscopic group and microscopic group were congenital stapes footplate fixation (45.5%) and juvenile otosclerosis (46.2%), respectively. Preoperative ABGs in the endoscopic (37.7 dB) and microscopic (32.8 dB) groups (P =. 170) were similar. There were no major complications, including facial nerve injury or anacusis, in the endoscopic group. Postoperative sensorineural hearing loss (>15 dB) did not occur in any patients in the endoscopic group but was present in 2 patients in the microscopic group (P =. 546). Improvement in pure‐tone average (25.9 dB vs 18.5 dB, P =. 382) and ABG (21.7 dB vs 14.7 dB, P =. 181) was similar, and postoperatively, the median ABG was 11.3 dB and 15.0 dB for endoscopic and microscopic cases (P =. 703), respectively. ABG closure to ≤20 dB (72.7% vs 65.2%, P =. 591) was also similar.

Conclusion

Pediatric endoscopic stapes surgery is safe and hearing outcomes are similar to the microscopic approach when performed by experienced endoscopic ear surgeons.
Impact of Commodity Transaction Tax on Market Liquidity, Volatility, and Government Revenues: An Empirical Study for India
Authors: Sehgal Sanjay , Agrawal Tarunika Jain
Published: March 2019

Executive Summary

A commodity transaction tax (CTT) of 0.01 per cent is levied on non-agricultural commodity futures trading since 1 July 2013 by the Government of India. This article examines the impact of CTT on market liquidity, volatility and government tax revenues for the Indian commodities market. We use daily data of five sample commodities, namely gold, aluminium, copper, zinc and crude oil available from 1 May 2010 to 31 August 2016. It is found that CTT imposition has destroyed the parity of the Indian commodity futures market with the international markets as CTT is absent on COMEX, LME, NYMEX, and so on. Moreover, evidence of trade migration can be found by drawing a comparison across MCX and international exchanges. This argument is further substantiated by observing the decline in liquidity after the imposition of CTT. It should be further noted that parity with the equity market is also lost as the transaction taxes imposed in equity and commodity markets are not in line with the level of volatilities of the two markets. CTT has also failed to curb speculative pressure as average volatility on major commodities has risen significantly by about 33 per cent post its imposition.

Considering the transaction tax, income tax and service tax aspects and decline in the trading volume attributed solely to the CTT imposition, it is found that CTT results in huge revenue loss to the exchequer. It is estimated that at the current CTT rate, government is losing an annual net tax revenue worth ₹30 billion. Even at a lower rate of 0.001 per cent (which is one-tenth of the current rate of 0.01%), the government’s fiscal loss is expected to be about ₹2.50 billion. Even if we make a conservative assumption that CTT accounts for only 25 per cent decline in the trading volumes, the optimal CTT rate, in terms of tax revenue collections, is found at 0.003 per cent, well below the current rate.

There is, therefore, no justification for retaining CTT on the commodity futures trading in India as it leads to a huge revenue loss to the government, owing to reduced trading activity and trade migration. Withdrawal of CTT would be ideal for Indian commodities market development, improving its liquidity and making it more internationally competitive.
A qualitative examination of attachment-based concepts in probation supervision
Authors: Ansbro Maria
Published: March 2019

Attachment theory is familiar to probation workers, with its broad messages that early care can leave a lasting legacy, and that patterns of relating can be repeated throughout the lifespan. Up close, however, attachment theory is complex, and research findings sometimes vague or contested. This empirical research examined the use of four key attachment-based concepts in generic probation practice over a period of six months. The concept of the probation officer as a potential secure base was a useful one, as was the idea that service users’ early attachment history could help to understand relationships and offending. Other concepts (the reflective function and attachment style) were less useful.
The availability of local services and its impact on community cohesion in rural areas: Evidence from the English countryside
Authors: Cabras Ignazio , Lau Chi KM
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates how the availability of services and amenities influences levels of community cohesion in rural England. Specifically, we measure levels of community cohesion in selected rural parishes between two points of time (2000 and 2010) using an index of indicators based on the presence or absence of retailers and amenities. Results of this analysis provide empirical evidence that the presence of facilities and services has a considerable impact on residents in rural areas, suggesting a significant relationship between the presence of small retailers and social engagement in the English countryside. We discuss these findings with regard to policies and initiatives that could enhance the positive impact that services and amenities operating within villages and rural hamlets have on local communities.
Of other times: Temporality, memory and trauma in post-genocide Rwanda
Authors: Viebach Julia
Published: March 2019

This article explores how survivors’ experiences of extreme violence change their relationship with time. It draws on extensive fieldwork undertaken with survivors of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi and participatory observation of Rwanda’s annual commemoration ceremonies. It focuses on the practice of ‘care-taking’ that survivors engage in at genocide memorials that display human remains and dead bodies. This article identifies the different temporal practices that survivors use to help remake their worlds after the 1994 Genocide. In doing so, it asks: how do survivors construct time through informal mnemonic practices? How do they experience time during the commemoration? And what mode of temporality is inscribed in the materiality of memorials? The article demonstrates that care-taking and imagination produce a symbolic time-reversal, whereas the materiality of the memorial sites preserves the past in the present. The commemoration constructs different temporal logics, such as time homogenisation and a traumatic cyclicalisation, something I describe through the notion of ‘trauma-time’. The article concludes that multiple temporalities are produced and reproduced in various attempts to remake lives after genocide that counter simplistic ‘before and after’ accounts of time dominant in the transitional justice discourse.
Clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty: a follow-up of the first 50 cases by a single surgeon
Authors: West Jacob A. , Scudday Travis , Anderson Scott , Amin Nirav H.
Published: March 2019

Objective

To examine the association between single-surgeon learning curve and clinical outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

This prospective study included the first consecutive patients undergoing TKA conducted by the same surgeon using the JOURNEY II Bi-Cruciate Stabilized Knee System (Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA, USA). Patients were assessed preoperatively, and at three months and one year postoperatively using Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Knee Society Score (KSS) and Knee Function Score (KFS). Outcomes were statistically analysed using sequential patient cohorts.

Results

Fifty patients were grouped into five sequential cohorts of 10 patients each. All patients showed significant improvement in postoperative knee scores following TKA. There was a trend toward increased improvement in knee scores in the later patient cohorts, at the three-month and 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions

The single-surgeon learning curve for minimally invasive TKA had a small effect on knee satisfaction scores at 3 months and 1 year following surgery in the first 50 consecutive cases, and only minor complications were encountered. A larger trial is necessary to draw generalizable conclusions regarding patient outcomes during surgeon learning.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of hepatic fat content with iron deposition: will it be disturbed?
Authors: Wang Qian , Ye Feng , Ma Peiqing , Chen Feng , Che Yiqun , Zhao Xinming , Yang Li
Published: March 2019

Objective

To explore noninvasive assessment of liver fat content with iron deposition using magnetic resonance (MR) quantitative technology.

Methods

A water–fat phantom with iron deposition containing 63 vials with predetermined fat percentages and iron concentrations was constructed. Thirty-three patients underwent fat quantitative MR examinations. The fat fraction (FF) was determined by three Dixon techniques. Pathological evaluation findings and the steatosis area rate (SAR) were used as the gold standards.

Results

FFIOP and FFLAVA-Flex significantly differed from FFTEST for iron concentrations of 1 to 30 µg/mL and fat components of 10% to 80%. Using the three Dixon techniques, FFIOP was 15.76% ± 6.98%, FFLAVA-Flex was 16.71% ± 6.77%, and FFIDEAL IQ was 13.18% ± 6.42% in patients without liver cirrhosis; these values in patients with liver cirrhosis were 20.35% ± 6.11%, 20.89% ± 8.49%, and 12.86% ± 4.00%, respectively. The SAR in patients without and with liver cirrhosis was 11.31% ± 5.89% and 9.84% ± 4.17%, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between FFIDEAL IQ and SAR with or without liver cirrhosis.

Conclusion

Iron deposition must be considered when using quantitative MR techniques to evaluate the hepatic fat content. Compared with the IOP and LAVA-Flex techniques, the IDEAL IQ technique has more stability and accuracy in measurement of the hepatic fat content, free from iron deposition.
Discontinuation of first-line bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: the BEAWARE Italian Observational Study
Authors: Lonardi Sara , Nasti Guglielmo , Fagnani Daniele , Gemma Donatello , Ciuffreda Libero , Granetto Cristina , Lucchesi Sara , Ballestrero Alberto , Biglietto Maria , Proserpio Ilaria , Bergamo Francesca , Proietti Emanuela , Tonini Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

Aims:

BEAWARE investigated the pattern of first-line bevacizumab early interruption in the Italian real-world setting of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods:

A total of 386 patients were followed for 15 months after first-line chemotherapy + bevacizumab start. The rate of bevacizumab interruption for progression or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constituted the primary endpoint.

Results:

A total of 78.2% of patients interrupted bevacizumab: 56.6% for progression, 7.3% for ADRs, and 36.1% for other reasons. Median treatment duration was 6.7, 2.5, and 4.6 months, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 10.3 months; however, 35.8% of patients were not progressed and were thus censored at the data cutoff of 15 months, while 21.8% were still receiving bevacizumab. Patients discontinuing for progression/ADRs more frequently had metastases in >1 site ( p = .0001), and a shorter median progression-free survival (6.9 vs 13.9 months, p < .0001).

Conclusions:

In Italy, first-line bevacizumab is interrupted mainly for progression, only 7.3% due to adverse events, and about one third of cases for other reasons. In clinical practice, the attitude to treat until progression as per guidelines might be implemented. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01609075
Canine Spindle Cell Mammary Tumor: A Retrospective Study of 67 Cases
Authors: Alonso-Diez Ángela , Ramos Antonio , Roccabianca Paola , Barreno Lucía , Pérez-Alenza Mª Dolores , Tecilla Marco , Avallone Giancarlo , Gama Adelina , Peña Laura
Published: March 2019

Canine spindle cell mammary tumor (CSCMT) is an infrequent canine mammary tumor (CMT) composed of spindle or fusiform cells, which represents a challenge for pathologists and clinicians. Mammary tumors submitted for histopathology from 1998 to 2013 and compatible with CSCMTs were retrospectively selected. The tumors were diagnosed based on the hematoxylin and eosin (HE)–stained section; malignant tumors were graded using a canine soft tissue sarcoma grading scheme and a canine mammary tumor grading scheme, and they were further assigned a diagnosis based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) for pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 14, p63, calponin, vimentin, Ki-67, CD31, desmin, myosin, smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100. The origin of the tumors was assessed as mammary, skin, or unknown. The prevalence of CSCMT was 1% of all CMTs. CSCMTs included 3 benign tumors (1 angioma and 2 benign myoepitheliomas) and 67 malignant tumors that after IHC were diagnosed as malignant myoepithelioma (64%), carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma (19%), hemangiosarcoma (8%), undifferentiated sarcoma (5%), peripheral nerve sheath tumor (3%), and fibrosarcoma (2%). The diagnosis based on the HE-stained section differed from the diagnosis after IHC in 75% of the malignant cases. The majority of malignant CSCMTs were solitary (57%) large tumors (6.42 ± 3.92 cm) with low metastatic potential and high survival rate (8% tumor-related mortality). Higher sarcoma grade was associated with older age ( P = .034) and greater tumor size ( P = .037). Malignant CSCMTs need to be evaluated by IHC to ensure the histotype and the relatively benign clinical behavior, despite their large size.
Mothers and Mental Labor: A Phenomenological Focus Group Study of Family-Related Thinking Work
Authors: Robertson Lindsey G. , Anderson Tamara L. , Hall M. Elizabeth Lewis , Kim Christina Lee
Published: March 2019

Mental labor is an under-researched and long-invisible component of family work. Scholars have described mental labor as important, taxing, and disproportionately performed by mothers compared to fathers. However, operational definitions used in these studies were only preliminary and lack unified terminology. Answering calls for expanded views of household labor and better definitions of its content, we undertook a phenomenological investigation of family-related mental labor performed by mothers. Our interpretive phenomenological analysis of seven focus group interviews produced a definition of mothers’ mental labor and its component parts that was empirically grounded in the lived experience of mothers of young children ( N = 25). Distinct from housework chores, childcare, and emotion work, mental labor emerged as thinking activity performed for the sake of accomplishing family goals. We identified six forms of mental labor: (a) planning and strategizing, (b) monitoring and anticipating needs, (c) metaparenting, (d) knowing (learning and remembering), (e) managerial thinking (including delegating and instructing), and (f) self-regulation. All participating mothers represented themselves as their family’s primary mental laborer, regardless of employment status or their partner’s level of involvement. Our description of mental labor may help parents, researchers, clinicians, policy makers, and educators recognize, value, and better account for the mental labor dynamics operating in the construction of family life, reproduction of gender roles, and perpetuation of gender gaps in family labor division and mental load. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index
Copyright's Mysteries Unveiled!
Authors: Wolf David
Published: March 2019

The author has been asked to write a series of articles on copyright law that hopefully will be of interest to sculptors and other readers. This first article starts with a review of some of the basics (with which many readers may already be familiar), with later articles to discuss selected topics in more detail.
The Many Faces of Eyevan Tumbleweed: Turning Found Wood into Figurative Sculpture
Authors: Shull Jodie A.
Published: March 2019

“In wildness is the preservation of the world.” —Henry David Thoreau
Arguments en faveur d’une recherche à l’interface Marketing–Finance
Authors: Hanssens Dominique M.
Published: March 2019

Résumé

Cet article discute cinq thèmes dominants et les résultats importants dans la litérature récente sur l’intégration des disciplines de marketing et de finance.
On the question of cheap care: Regarding A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things by Raj Patel and Jason W Moore
Authors: Lynch Kathleen , Crean Mags
Published: March 2019

One of the most engaging claims of Patel and Moore’s book is that abstract ideas have played a powerful role legitimating the exploitation of swathes of humanity, through distinguishing ontologically and epistemologically between nature and society. As most women, and indigenous people, were defined as part of nature, their labours and lives, including their care labour, were deemed to be part of nature and thereby legitimately exploitable. The authors claim that the cheapening of care arose from the separation of spheres between care work and paid work, between home and the economy, arising from the development of enclosures and the demise of the commons. What the book does not address, however, is how the exploitation of women’s domestic and care labour was not only beneficial to capitalism: men of all classes were and are beneficiaries of women’s unpaid care labour. The authors also suggest that the primary purpose of caring is to reproduce people for capitalism. But caring is not undertaken simply at the behest of capitalism. Nurturing and caring for others are defining features of humanity given the lengthy dependency of humans at birth and at times of vulnerability. The logic of care is very different to market logic.
Determinants of ecological footprint in MINT countries
Authors: Dogan Eyup , Taspinar Nigar , Gokmenoglu Korhan K
Published: March 2019

Environmental Kuznets curve literature mostly uses a single indicator as a measure for environmental degradation. However, each single variable captures only a part of the environmental problem, and a reduction in any single measure does not indicate that the environmental problem is diminishing in general. Our study is the first one which investigates the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for the Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) countries by employing the ecological footprint as the measure of environmental degradation. Autoregressive distributed lag results indicate that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is valid for each of the MINT countries for the period of 1971–2013. The long-run coefficients of our augmented environmental Kuznets curve model show that fossil fuel energy consumption, exports, urbanization, and financial development are the most common causes of anthropogenic pressure on the environment. The effects of exports and imports are negative and positive on environmental degradation, respectively. The long-run coefficients of urbanization, financial development, and renewable energy consumption differ at certain levels for the sampled countries. The results of the analysis point to a number of different policy proposals for each country.
Impact of functional IL-18 polymorphisms on genetic predisposition and diverse clinical manifestations of the disease in Indian SLE patients
Authors: Umare V , Pradhan V , Nath S , Rajadhyaksha A , Ghosh K , Nadkarni AH
Published: March 2019

Several studies have demonstrated associations between interleukin-18 polymorphisms and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in different populations except one of Indian origin. We therefore investigated for the influence of interleukin-18 (-1297T/C, -607A/C, -137G/C; + 105A/C) polymorphisms on genetic susceptibility and clinical expression of the disease in Indian systemic lupus erythematosus patients. A total of 200 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 201 controls were recruited. Genotyping of interleukin-18 polymorphisms were performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum interleukin-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interleukin-18 (-1297T/C; -137G/C) polymorphisms showed significant association with genetic susceptibility to the disease in our systemic lupus erythematosus cohort. Stratification analysis revealed -1297CC and -1297C associated with renal involvement (odds ratio = 3.4, correcting p value = 0.0207), (odds ratio = 2.0, correcting p value = 0.0054) respectively. Additionally, -1297C allele frequency was significantly increased in patients with anti-nucleosome antibody (odds ratio = 2.1, correcting p value = 0.0301). Haplotype analysis showed CC haplotype strongly associated with serositis (odds ratio = 9.1, correcting p values = 0.0009) and neurologic involvement (odds ratio = 9.3, correcting p value = 0.0018). We reported a 2.7-fold increase in serum interleukin-18 levels in patients (511.5 ± 242.3 pg/ml) compared to controls (189.4 ± 80.8 pg/ml) ( p < 0.0001). Furthermore, interleukin-18 levels were positively correlated with disease activity ( r = 0.548, p = 0.0001) and renal involvement in the patients with lupus nephritis ( r = 0.569, p < 0.0001). In summary, interleukin-18 polymorphisms elucidated in this study appear to confer genetic susceptibility to the disease and are associated with renal, serositis and neurologic involvement in Indian systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Rudyard Kipling’s medical addresses
Authors: Canale DJ
Published: March 2019

Rudyard Kipling was one of the most widely read writers of prose and poetry during his lifetime. His wide travels—he was born in India and lived in England and The United States and made frequent visits to South Africa—led to many encounters with physicians and medicine. His unique addresses to the medical profession reveal his knowledge of medical subjects. His three major medical addresses concern medical subjects in contrast to most laymen addressing physicians, who typically speak about their own areas of expertise. The influence of Sir William Osler on some of Kipling’s stories is also examined.
Book review: Kishore Mahbubani, Has the West Lost It? A Provocation
Authors: Khan Masih Ullah
Published: March 2019

Kishore Mahbubani, Has the West Lost It? A Provocation. New Delhi: Allen Lane, 2018, pp. 105, ₹499. ISBN: 978-0-241-31286-5 (Hardback).
Uzbek Perspectives on Eurasia
Authors: Khaydarov Ambassador Abdusamat A. , Mirkasymov Ambassador Surat M.
Published: March 2019

This article is a brief overview of the main trends in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan under the new leadership of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The sections on bilateral relations and interaction of Uzbekistan with international organisations give an important insight into the dynamics of a strategically important Central Asian region and Eurasia as a whole. The article also reflects Uzbekistan’s perception of Eurasia as a region that is experiencing several geopolitical shifts.
Gallium nanoparticles along with low-dose gamma radiation modulate TGF-β/MMP-9 expression in hepatocellular carcinogenesis in rats
Authors: Moawed Fatma SM , El-Sonbaty Sawsan M , Mansour Somaya Z
Published: March 2019

Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy potentiates the outcome of cancer treatment for the more comprehensive attack. In the current study, we continued to assess the therapeutic efficaciousness of the newly synthesized gallium nanoparticles (GaNPs) combined with low level of gamma radiation (IR), on the incidence of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)–induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Oral administration of GaNPs (1 mg/Kg b.wt.) 5 times per week for 6 weeks combined with IR to rats treated with DEN (20 mg/Kg b.wt. 5 times per week for 6 weeks) significantly reduced serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). In addition, the immunoblotting results of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MM-9) showed a marked downregulation of protein expression along with a significant decrease in the hepatic level of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Furthermore, GaNPs and/or low dose of radiation significantly elevated the level of caspase-3 gene transcript accompanied with evoked DNA fragmentation in rats treated with DEN. The ameliorative effect of GaNPs and IR well appreciated with the histopathological alteration finding in DEN groups. It can be concluded that the combination of GaNPs and/or IR can serve as a good therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC, which ought to attract more studies.
A Singing Dance From Bulgaria
Authors: Howard Karen
Published: March 2019

Folkloric music and dance in Bulgaria are performed as has been for generations, but also present are innovative hybrids in text, form, and instrumentation. Historically, traditional musical activities were divided by gender with singing a priority for women and playing instruments for men. This has been rapidly changing as in so many countries, and gender is no longer a hard and fast rule regarding specific means of music participation. This article will offer a brief description of particular musical traits from the different regions of the country, and it will then feature the score and teaching suggestions for a popular folk song and dance “Trâgnala Rumjana” that can be implemented in elementary and secondary general music classes.
The Infrastructural Function: A Relational Theory of Infrastructure for Writing Studies
Authors: Read Sarah
Published: March 2019

This article theorizes the term infrastructure as a framework for articulating how writing products, activities, and processes underwrite organizational life in technical organizations. While this term has appeared broadly in writing studies scholarship, it has not been systematically theorized there as it has been in other fields such as economics, computing, and information science. This article argues for a four-part framework that incorporates and builds on Star and Ruhleder’s relational theory of infrastructure. Fieldwork from a federally funded supercomputing center for scientific research operationalizes the theory for its contributions to writing studies scholarship and its applications for industry and writing pedagogy.
Wind farm simulations using an overset hp-adaptive approach with blade-resolved turbine models
Authors: Kirby Andrew C , Brazell Michael J , Yang Zhi , Roy Rajib , Ahrabi Behzad R , Stoellinger Michael K , Sitaraman Jay , Mavriplis Dimitri J
Published: March 2019

Blade-resolved numerical simulations of wind energy applications using full blade and tower models are presented. The computational methodology combines solution technologies in a multi-mesh, multi-solver paradigm through a dynamic overset framework. The coupling of a finite volume solver and a high-order, hp-adaptive finite element solver is utilized. Additional technologies including in-situ visualization and atmospheric microscale modeling are incorporated into the analysis environment. Validation of the computational framework is performed on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5MW baseline wind turbine, the unsteady aerodynamics experimental NREL Phase VI turbine, and the Siemens SWT-2.3-93 wind turbine. The power and thrust results of all single turbine simulations agree well with low-fidelity model simulation results and field experiments when available. Scalability of the computational framework is demonstrated using 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 wind turbine setups including the 48 turbine wind plant known as Lillgrund. The largest case consisting of 96 wind turbines and a total of 385 overset grids are run on 44,928 cores at a weak scaling efficiency of 86%. Demonstration of the coupling of atmospheric microscale and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers is presented using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) solver and the NREL Simulator fOr Wind Farm Applications (SOWFA) solver.
Rigor and Reproducibility: A Systematic Review of Salivary Cortisol Sampling and Reporting Parameters Used in Cancer Survivorship Research
Authors: Hulett Jennifer M. , Fessele Kristen L. , Clayton Margaret F. , Eaton Linda H.
Published: March 2019

Salivary cortisol is a commonly used biomarker in cancer survivorship research; however, variations in sampling protocols and parameter reporting limit comparisons across studies. Standardized practices to provide rigor and reproducibility of diurnal salivary cortisol sampling and reporting are not well established. Previous systematic reviews examining relationships between diurnal salivary cortisol and clinical outcomes have resulted in mixed findings. It remains unclear which sampling protocols and reporting parameters offer the greatest utility for clinical research. This review examines diurnal salivary cortisol sampling protocols and reporting parameters to evaluate whether a standardized approach is recommended. A comprehensive search of intervention studies among adult cancer survivors including diurnal salivary cortisol resulted in 30 articles for review. Sampling protocols ranged from 1 to 4 days with the majority of studies sampling cortisol for 2 days. Sampling instances ranged from 2 to 7 times per day, with the majority collecting at 4 time points per day. Diurnal cortisol slope and cortisol awakening response (CAR) were the most commonly reported parameters associated with clinical outcomes. Flattened cortisol slopes, blunted CARs, and elevated evening cortisol concentrations were associated with poorer psychosocial and physiological outcomes. Based on our review, we propose that a rigorous, standardized diurnal salivary cortisol sampling protocol should include sampling at key diurnal times across ≥3 consecutive days to report diurnal cortisol parameters (i.e., CAR and slope) and objective measures of participant protocol adherence. Diminishing budgetary resources and efforts to minimize participant burden dictate the importance of standardized cortisol sampling protocols and reporting parameters.
Actual and perceived speedy diagnoses are associated with mothers’ unresolved reactions to a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder for a child
Authors: Reed Phil , Giles Ashleigh , White Shonagh , Osborne Lisa A
Published: March 2019

Reaction to a child’s diagnosis can strongly affect the parent, but little is known about the aspects of the diagnostic process associated with such reactions. The pre-diagnostic levels of anxiety, depression, and parenting stress of 67 volunteer mothers of children subsequently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were assessed, along with the children’s functioning. The speed and number of professionals involved in the diagnosis were recorded, and mothers completed a post-diagnosis assessment of their perceptions of the process. Longer actual and perceived diagnosis speeds predicted resolved reactions to diagnosis. Mothers’ psychological states pre-diagnosis did not predict reactions to diagnosis. Providing a measured diagnostic process, and strong relationship with mothers, rather than aiming for speed alone, may well be more productive for the parent and child.
A comparison of scale attributes between interval-valued and semantic differential scales
Authors: Themistocleous Christos , Pagiaslis Anastasios , Smith Andrew , Wagner Christian
Published: March 2019

This article presents the results of an exploratory study comparing interval-valued scales (IVSs) and semantic differential scales (SDSs). The article investigates consumer perceptions regarding specific scale attributes and utilizes a controlled, between-subjects, experimental pen-and-paper design to assess the preferences of respondents when using the IVSs and SDSs. The rationale of this comparison lies with the fact that the newly introduced IVS has a built-in mechanism that allows the direct capture of respondent uncertainty toward the asked question, a feature that is absent from the SDS and other widely used, single-point capturing scales in marketing research such as the Likert and Stapel. Results show that overall consumer preferences of the IVS and SDS are equal, although “speed of use” results favor the IVS. The consistency of respondent evaluations regarding the two scales may indicate their interchangeability in marketing research and opens up pathways for future exploration of IVSs for the accumulation of more reliable and robust results. The main contribution of the article is the introduction of a novel IVS, within the context of marketing, for collecting respondent answers while also directly capturing respondent uncertainty. Furthermore, this article adds to the discussion of consumer perceptions and preferences regarding different scales, scale development, and optimal rating scales that may lessen ambiguity for survey respondents and researchers.