bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Within and Across Language Predictors of Word Learning Processes in Dual Language Learners
Authors: Pace Amy , Luo Rufan , Levine Dani , Iglesias Aquiles , de Villiers Jill , Golinkoff Roberta M. , Wilson Mary S. , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the relation between Dual Language Learners’ (N = 90) vocabulary and grammar comprehension and word learning processes in preschool (aged 3‐through‐5 years). Of interest was whether: (a) performance in Spanish correlated with performance in English within each domain; and (b) comprehension predicted novel word learning within and across languages. Dual‐language experience was evaluated as a potential moderator. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed stronger predictive associations within each language than across languages. Across languages, results varied by experience and domain. Structural sensitivity theory suggests exposure to two languages heightens awareness of parameters along which languages vary and provides a framework for interpreting complex associations within and across languages. Knowledge from one language may influence learning in both.
Maternal caries experience influences offspring’s early childhood caries—a birth cohort study
Authors: Hariyani Ninuk , Do Loc G. , Spencer A. John , Thomson W. Murray , Scott Jane A. , Ha Diep H.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To describe early childhood caries (ECC) patterns and evaluate the associations with maternal caries experience and other factors.

Methods

A secondary analysis was undertaken using data from the Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE), a population‐based birth cohort study. It used data from 1040 mother/child dyads. Standardized oral examinations of the mothers and the children were conducted when children were 2‐3 years old to determine the prevalence of ECC (main outcome) and maternal caries experience (main exposure variable). Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, time‐restricting conditions (relationship status, work status and number of children in the household) and dental health behaviours (brushing frequency and sugary beverage consumption) served as covariates. Data on child dental health behaviours were collected at two years of age. Multivariable models were generated for ECC to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for the association between ECC and maternal caries experience, controlling for the covariates.

Results

The prevalence of ECC among 2‐ to 3‐year‐old children was 10.6% (95%CI: 8.7%‐12.5%). It was higher in children whose mothers had greater caries experience. Children whose mothers had higher caries experience had 86% (PR = 1.86 [1.27‐2.72]) greater risk of having ECC than those whose mothers had low caries experience. Children whose teeth had not been brushed the night before had a higher risk of ECC (PR = 1.4 [1.01‐1.9]) than their counterparts. Women born in Australia, New Zealand or the UK had offspring with lower risk of ECC.

Conclusions

Maternal caries experience was an independent risk factor for offspring ECC. However, good oral health behaviours practised by mothers for their children may alleviate such risk. Mothers need to be supported to adopt good oral health behaviours and a healthy diet for their child.
Metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Relationship with systemic inflammation
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Cai‐li , Cao Jie , Feng Jing
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is frequent in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of MetS and the status of systemic inflammation in overlap syndrome.

Methods

A total of 151 consecutive COPD patients were recruited in this cross‐sectional study. Spirometry and polysomnography were done in all patients. The MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Anthropometry, metabolic parameters and inflammatory biomarkers: IL‐6, TNF‐α, leptin, resistin and adiponectin were recorded.

Results

OSA was present in 19.2% COPD patients. Subjects with overlap syndrome had higher neck and waist circumference compared to those with COPD alone. Significant differences in levels of blood pressure, lipid metabolic and glucose metabolic were found between two groups with overlap and COPD, as well as inflammatory biomarkers. Prevalence of MetS was increased in overlap group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that BMI, systolic BP when fall asleep and recumbent angiotens levels as significant independent predictors of the presence of Mets in overlap syndrome.

Conclusion

This study shows that MetS is frequent in patients with overlap. Overlap syndrome indicates a higher cardiometabolic risk and higher levels of systemic inflammatory.
BRAF fusion Spitz neoplasms; clinical morphological, and genomic findings in six cases
Authors: Kim Daniel , Khan Ayesha U. , Compres Elsy V. , Zhang Bin , Sunshine Joel C. , Quan Victor L. , Gerami Pedram
Published: August 2020

Background

Fusions involving the BRAF gene are responsible for 5% of Spitz neoplasms. To better characterize them, we report the clinical, morphological, and genomic findings of six BRAF fusion Spitz tumors.

Methods

The morphological, clinical, and molecular findings of six BRAF fusion Spitz neoplasms assessed by next generation sequencing (NGS) were compared to a control set of Spitz without BRAF fusions.

Results

BRAF fusion Spitz tumors had frequent predominance of epithelioid morphology (4/6 cases), frequent high‐grade nuclear atypia and pleomorphism (5/6 cases), and a frequent desmoplastic base (3/6 cases). Five of six cases were diagnosed as atypical Spitz tumor and one as Spitz nevus. All cases had uneventful clinical follow‐up. There were five different fusion partners, with CLIP2 being the most frequent. Secondary pathogenic mutations were frequent and chromosomal copy number changes were seen in three of six cases by an NGS platform.

Conclusions

BRAF fusions Spitz usually have epithelioid morphology, high‐grade nuclear atypia, and desmoplasia. Chromosomal copy number changes are not infrequent. While our cases had uneventful follow‐up, a meta‐analysis of the literature suggests that among the fusion subtypes associated with Spitz tumors, they are among the subgroups more likely to develop distant metastasis.
What lies beneath: Cutaneous involvement of mantle cell lymphoma underlying an insect‐bite‐like reaction
Authors: Shah Radhika A. , Powell Priscilla R. , Parekh Palak K.
Published: August 2020

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon subtype of mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by specific morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic characteristics, namely the t(11;14)(q13;q32) chromosomal translocation with resultant cyclin D1 overexpression. MCL has a generally aggressive course and is often widely disseminated at the time of diagnosis. Skin involvement is exceedingly rare and is seldom the first manifestation of MCL. We present a case of MCL in an 84‐year‐old man with cutaneous involvement as the first manifestation, discovered incidentally after biopsy of a persistent nodule believed to be an insect bite. This case not only serves to raise awareness of the possibility of MCL presenting in the skin but also to point out that MCL can have lesions with both an insect‐bite‐like reaction and a deeper dermal MCL infiltrate.
Are the well‐off youth in Sweden more likely to use cannabis?
Authors: Gripe Isabella , Danielsson Anna‐Karin , Karlsson Patrik , Thor Siri , Ramstedt Mats
Published: August 2020

Introduction and Aims

Results from previous research are inconsistent regarding the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cannabis use among adolescents. Since there are risks associated with cannabis use, a social gradient in cannabis use may contribute to reproducing socioeconomic differences in life opportunities. The aim of this study was to assess the association between childhood SES and cannabis use among youth in Sweden.

Design and Methods

We used repeated cross‐sectional data from three waves (2014–2016) of the Swedish national school survey among 11th graders. The analysis encompassed 9497 individuals in 668 school classes. Childhood SES was measured through parents' highest education, as reported by the students. Cannabis use was measured in terms of lifetime use and frequency of use. Data were analysed using multi‐level mixed‐effects Poisson regression.

Results

Adolescents with at least 1 parent with university/college education had 17% (incidence rate ratio 1.17, confidence interval 1.05, 1.30) higher risk of lifetime use of cannabis compared with those whose parents had no university/college education, adjusting for sex, SES of the school environment, academic orientation, truancy, risk assessment and parental permissiveness. Among life‐time users of cannabis, risk for frequent cannabis use was 28% (incidence rate ratio 0.72, confidence interval 0.53, 0.97) lower for those with at least 1 parent with university or college education.

Discussion and Conclusions

Childhood SES, in terms of parental education, was associated with cannabis use among Swedish adolescents. Adolescents from families with lower SES were less likely to ever try cannabis, but at higher risk for frequent use.
Stepwise manipulation of cardiac computed tomography multi‐planar reconstruction to mimic transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Lai Wei‐Tsung , Hsiung Ming‐Chon , Lin Lung‐Chun , Yin Wei‐Hsian , Hsu Ching‐Hsuan , Huang Kuan‐Chih
Published: August 2020

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used to plan transcatheter structural heart interventions. However, intraoperative guidance relies on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopy. This study sought to develop a stepwise CT multi‐planar reconstruction manipulation method to mimic TEE, bridging the gap between preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance tools. This CT manipulation reproduced similar configurations as TEE views in the mid‐esophageal left ventricle (LV) views, transgastric LV 2‐chamber views for mitral apparatus, and other miscellaneous views. Stepwise cardiac CT manipulation to mimic TEE is the final piece of the puzzle in the mental co‐registration of these three crucial imaging modalities. Now, we can predict the TEE images and fluoroscopy projections in a preoperative rehearsal, thus improving the intraoperative accuracy of interventions.
Relation between left atrial strain and exercise tolerance in patients with mild mitral stenosis: An insight from 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography
Authors: Mahfouz Ragab A. , Gouda Mohammad , Abdelhamed Mohamed
Published: August 2020

Background

Mild mitral stenosis (MS) is a progressive disease but unfortunately, its clinical course is still unclearly studied. We aimed to study the left atrial (LA) deformation in such patients and how it is related to exercise intolerance.

Methods

Seventy‐five patients with mitral valve area of 1.81 ± 0.13 cm2 and 40 healthy control subjects were enrolled. All participants had sinus rhythm, and they underwent conventional echocardiography and LA strain analysis with speckle‐tracking study. The following parameters were obtained: left atrial reservoir strain (LAS‐s), LA conduit strain (LAS‐e), and LA contraction strain (LAS‐a). All participants underwent symptoms limited stress ECG using modified Bruce protocol.

Results

Comparing with control subjects, patients with mild MS had significant lower LAS‐s value (P < .01) and LAS‐e (<0.03). Patients with exercise intolerance (METs < 8) had lower LAS‐s (P < .001), LAS‐e (P < .01), and LAS‐a (P < .05) values compared to those with METs ≥ 8. We found that METs was significantly related to LAS‐s (P < .001), brain natriuretic peptide (P < .001), and Δ TAPSE (P < .03). Multivariate analysis showed that LAS‐s was an independent predictor of reduced exercise capacity. With ROC analysis, LAS‐s ≤ 26.5% was the optimal value for prediction of exercise intolerance in patients with mild MS.

Conclusion

A significant percentage of patients with mild mitral stenosis had exercise intolerance. We found that LAS‐s was significantly associated with exercise capacity in patients with mild MS. Hence, we thought that LA deformation could be of great value in the follow‐up of patients with mild MS.
Genetic population structure of pike (Esox luciusLinnaeus, 1758) in the brackish lagoons of the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Möller Sören , Winkler Helmut M. , Richter Stefan , Bastrop Ralf
Published: August 2020

The Baltic Sea is a unique ecosystem and the largest body of brackish water in the world. It is inhabited by several originally freshwater fish species, one of them being pike (Esox lucius), which is adapted to the mesohaline conditions of the southern Baltic Sea and colonises its south‐western bays and lagoons. Using twelve microsatellite markers, we analysed the genetic structure of 407 Baltic Sea pike collected from ten locations in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic region and adjacent rivers and nearby lakes. We used traditional F‐statistics and a Bayesian approach implemented in STRUCTURE to investigate spatial structuring. Our results show an overall isolation by distance pattern with two distinct coastal clusters. The border area between the two clusters is characterised by a sharp salinity leap, indicating that the dispersal barrier is not physical, but physiological in nature. A third cluster was formed by three lake populations, presumably as a result of past stocking measures. Additional otolith microchemical studies demonstrate the brackish origin and residency of the majority of the pike from the coastal lagoons, supporting previous studies which suggest that the anadromous pike “ecotype” is scarce in this area of the Baltic Sea. Our results contribute to current knowledge on the population genetics of Baltic Sea pike in a previously unsampled area.
Improving the quality of preclinical simulation training for dental students using a new digital real‐time evaluation system
Authors: Tang Lin , Cao Ye , Liu Zhongning , Qian Kun , Liu Yuhua , Liu Yunsong , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: August 2020

Background

With the rapid development of technology, traditional dental education has undergone a transition with the active incorporation of digital technology into curricula. DCARER is a recently developed digital real‐time evaluation system for the digital assessment of student preclinical simulation practice performance. The system provides supplementary feedback on process analysis in addition to an objective final result. This study evaluated the grading validity of the DCARER system and its effect on dental preclinical practice skills training.

Methods

Seventy‐three residents of Grade 2018, all of whom had completed their 3‐year term residencies in standardised and systematic training, were recruited into this study to examine the system's grading validity. All performed crown preparations with the adoption of the DCARER system, which generated both process and final scores. Three experts gave their own grade anonymously according to the final work. The differences between the digital system and the expert scores were analysed. In addition, 60 dental students in Grade 4 and 10 dental faculty members were randomly divided into traditional and digital groups. The students in the traditional group prepared the tooth with the guidance of supervisors, whilst the digital group used the DCARER system. After the class, the students’ tooth preparations were scored by the same three experts in a blinded manner. The students and faculty members completed two different sets of questionnaires to evaluate the effects of teaching, acceptance, satisfaction, and evaluation accuracy of the digital system and the traditional method.

Results

The grading validity assessment showed no significant difference between the tooth preparation scores given by the DCARER system and the experts (P> .05). The unique process scores given by the DCARER system were weakly correlated with the final scores given by both the digital system and the experts. The main characteristics of the 60 students and 10 faculty members were homogeneous at baseline (P> .05). The tooth preparations of the traditional group scored significantly lower than those of the digital group (P < .01).

More students in the digital group (93.3%) believed the judgement to be objective than in the traditional group (73.3%). All students guided by the DCARER system (100%) and 80% of students taught in a traditional manner felt that the assessment reinforced the learning process. Faculty members reported that use of the digital system did not significantly increase their workload and reinforced the learning process for the internship.

Conclusion

The results presented here indicate the validity of grading using the digital real‐time evaluation system. Students and faculty could benefit from application of the system in tooth preparation practice, which may provide effective clinical interaction training for dental education.
Land system diversity, scaling laws and polygons map analysis
Authors: Ibáñez Juan‐José , Ramírez‐Rosario Beatriz , Fernández‐Pozo Luis , Brevik Eric C.
Published: August 2020

Numerous lines of evidence have been presented in the literature that show the patterns of pedodiversity and biodiversity are very similar. One of the most corroborated patterns lies in the fits of the relationships between biodiversity and soil diversity to power laws according to the increase in study area. Several authors have analysed the presence of fractal and multifractal features in pedodiversity and biodiversity analyses. Similarly, it has also been found that valuable information can be extracted from the polygons of soil and vegetation maps, which also have surprising similarities. These approaches concern information on the spatial distribution of natural resources. However, other more artificial but interesting maps and their comparison have been neglected by such studies. Land systems maps and their georeferenced databases fall into this latter category, and they include most of the soil‐forming factors. In this paper a georeferenced land system database and map were analysed and the results compared with those obtained in previous pedodiversity and biodiversity studies, primarily the spatial patterns of the polygons. The results showed that the analysed land system map units followed the same patterns that were previously found in pedodiversity and biodiversity studies; that is, the power law concerning richness–area relationships. The same patterns occur with the number of polygons. Some geographers claim there is a “law” that states that there are far more small things/objects than larger ones across several orders of magnitude in geographic space and thus this regularity conforms to scaling laws, independent of the resource involved. The results obtained corroborate this conjecture irrespective of whether natural resources or artificial cartographies were analysed. This paper represents a first test of land use maps; additional work in this area is needed.

Highlights

Spatial patterns detected in natural and land system maps seem to be similar

Composite GIS maps have the same spatial patterns as their base maps.

Soil and land system units conform to long‐tail or heavy tail distributions.

Soil maps and land system maps conform to power laws, fingerprints of fractal structures

There are more small polygons than large ones across several magnitude orders on choropleth maps.
Is the technical quality of root fillings associated with socioeconomic status? A cross‐sectional study among Finnish adults
Authors: Raittio Eero , Huumonen Sisko , Suominen Anna L.
Published: August 2020

We investigated differences in the technical quality of root fillings according to socioeconomic status. In the Finnish Health 2000 Survey, which comprised a sample of 8,028 adults aged over 29 yr, 6,115 underwent panoramic radiography. A total of 7,986 endodontically treated teeth were detected among 3,095 participants. The criterion for a technically inadequate root filling was a distance from the root filling to the root apex of over 3 mm or a filling extruding beyond the apex. Educational level, employment status, and income were the measures of socioeconomic status. Differences in the frequency of inadequate root fillings according to socioeconomic status were investigated using a multilevel logistic mixed‐effects model taking into account age, gender, number of teeth, and type of root filled tooth. Almost half (46%) of the root fillings were inadequate. Among the over 64‐yr‐olds, higher education and higher income were associated with a higher probability of having an inadequate root filling. Among the under 65‐yr‐olds, socioeconomic status was not associated with root filling quality. Contrary to expectation, lower socioeconomic status was not associated with poorer endodontic treatment quality; however, higher income and higher education was associated with higher odds for inadequate root fillings among the over 64‐yr‐olds.
The Orthodox Diaspora
Authors: Archbishop Demetrios Geron (Elder) of America
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses the decisions of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church in June 2016 that offered the Orthodox diaspora throughout the world the opportunity on many levels to act and develop activities to promote Orthodox witness, faith, and life. The issue of diaspora is very important for the church on account of the dynamic presence of the Orthodox faith and witness within large heterodox, non‐Christian, and diversified multicultural populations. The diaspora, after the Holy and Great Synod of the Orthodox Church, has in front of it an open door that no one can shut. Hence the diaspora is always in a movement of outreach for the sowing of the seed of truth to those who are far away and to those who are near: always with the mighty assistance of the merciful and philanthropic God.
A bi‐objective procedure to deliver actionable knowledge in sport services
Authors: Pinheiro Paulo , Cavique Luís
Published: August 2020

The increase in retention of customers in gyms and health clubs is nowadays a challenge that requires concrete and personalized actions. Traditional data mining studies focused essentially on predictive analytics, neglecting the business domain. This work presents an actionable knowledge discovery system that uses the following pipeline (data collection, predictive model and retention interventions). In the first step, it extracts and transforms existing real data from databases of the sports facilities. In the second step, predictive models are applied to identify user profiles more susceptible to dropout, where actionable withdrawal rules are based on actionable attributes. Finally, in the third step, based on the previous actionable knowledge, some of the values of the actionable attributes should be changed in order to increase retention. Simulation of scenarios is carried out, with test and control groups, where business utility and associated cost are measured. This document presents a bi‐objective study in order to choose the more efficient scenarios.
A context‐aware recommender method based on text and opinion mining
Authors: Sundermann Camila Vaccari , de Padua Renan , Tonon Vítor Rodrigues , Marcacini Ricardo Marcondes , Domingues Marcos Aurélio , Rezende Solange Oliveira
Published: August 2020

A recommender system is an information filtering technology that can be used to recommend items that may be of interest to users. Additionally, there are the context‐aware recommender systems that consider contextual information to generate the recommendations. Reviews can provide relevant information that can be used by recommender systems, including contextual and opinion information. In a previous work, we proposed a context‐aware recommendation method based on text mining (CARM‐TM). The method includes two techniques to extract context from reviews: CIET.5embed, a technique based on word embeddings; and RulesContext, a technique based on association rules. In this work, we have extended our previous method by including CEOM, a new technique which extracts context by using aspect‐based opinions. We call our extension of CARM‐TOM (context‐aware recommendation method based on text and opinion mining). To generate recommendations, our method makes use of the CAMF algorithm, a context‐aware recommender based on matrix factorization. To evaluate CARM‐TOM, we ran an extensive set of experiments in a dataset about restaurants, comparing CARM‐TOM against the MF algorithm, an uncontextual recommender system based on matrix factorization; and against a context extraction method proposed in literature. The empirical results strongly indicate that our method is able to improve a context‐aware recommender system.
A convex hull‐based approach for multiaxial high‐cycle fatigue criteria
Authors: Scalet Giulia
Published: August 2020

Design methods against multiaxial high‐cycle fatigue require the formulation of appropriate criteria that differ in the definition of critical measures introduced to quantify damage, as the amplitude of shear stress. The present paper proposes a novel approach to compute the amplitude of shear stress in multiaxial high‐cycle fatigue. The approach is based on the computation of the convex hull enclosing the stress history under investigation and is validated on proportional and non‐proportional paths in several dimensions and for different materials. High accuracy is achieved when compared with alternative methods from the literature.
Rapid deep ocean deoxygenation and acidification threaten life on Northeast Pacific seamounts
Authors: Ross Tetjana , Du Preez Cherisse , Ianson Debby
Published: August 2020

Anthropogenic climate change is causing our oceans to lose oxygen and become more acidic at an unprecedented rate, threatening marine ecosystems and their associated animals. In deep‐sea environments, where conditions have typically changed over geological timescales, the associated animals, adapted to these stable conditions, are expected to be highly vulnerable to any change or direct human impact. Our study coalesces one of the longest deep‐sea observational oceanographic time series, reaching back to the 1960s, with a modern visual survey that characterizes almost two vertical kilometers of benthic seamount ecosystems. Based on our new and rigorous analysis of the Line P oceanographic monitoring data, the upper 3,000 m of the Northeast Pacific (NEP) has lost 15% of its oxygen in the last 60 years. Over that time, the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), ranging between approximately 480 and 1,700 m, has expanded at a rate of 3.0 ± 0.7 m/year (due to deepening at the bottom). Additionally, carbonate saturation horizons above the OMZ have been shoaling at a rate of 1–2 m/year since the 1980s. Based on our visual surveys of four NEP seamounts, these deep‐sea features support ecologically important taxa typified by long life spans, slow growth rates, and limited mobility, including habitat‐forming cold water corals and sponges, echinoderms, and fish. By examining the changing conditions within the narrow realized bathymetric niches for a subset of vulnerable populations, we resolve chemical trends that are rapid in comparison to the life span of the taxa and detrimental to their survival. If these trends continue as they have over the last three to six decades, they threaten to diminish regional seamount ecosystem diversity and cause local extinctions. This study highlights the importance of mitigating direct human impacts as species continue to suffer environmental changes beyond our immediate control.
Distance in Spatial Analysis: Measurement, Bias, and Alternatives
Authors: Mu Wangshu , Tong Daoqin
Published: August 2020

Distance is an important and basic concept in geography. Many theories, methods, and applications involve distance explicitly or implicitly. While measuring the distance between two locations is a straightforward task, many geographical processes involve areal units, where the distance measurement can be complicated. This research investigates distance measurement between a location (point) and an area (polygon). We find that traditional polygon‐to‐point distance measurements, which involve abstracting a polygon into a central or representative point, could be problematic and may lead to biased estimates in regression analysis. To solve this issue, we propose a new polygon‐to‐point distance metric along with two algorithms to compute the new distance metric. Simulation analysis shows the effectiveness of the new distance metric in providing unbiased estimates in linear regression.
Depression screening in adults by pharmacists in the community: a systematic review
Authors: Miller Peter , Newby David , Walkom Emily , Schneider Jennifer , Li Shu Chuen
Published: August 2020

Background

Improving the identification of depression in adults in primary care can produce clinical and economic benefits. Community Pharmacists may play a role in screening for depression.

Objective

To systematically review and evaluate the evidence for the feasibility, impact and cost-effectiveness of community pharmacists screening adults for depression.

Methods

An electronic literature search using the databases EMBASE, PubMed and CINAHL Complete from January 2000 to September 2019 was undertaken to identify studies involving community pharmacists screening for depression. Data relating to sample size, population demographics and medical conditions of adults screened were extracted. Details around the screening model, process-related outcomes, clinical outcomes and economic outcomes were also extracted.

Results

Ten studies using eight unique depression screening tools were identified. Ease of administration was the most common selection criterion (n = 4) while no reason was given in four studies. Seven studies reported that through screening, pharmacists could identify adults with undiagnosed depression. Pharmacists referred adults screening positive for assessment in seven studies and followed up participants in two studies. No study assessed the impact of screening on depressive symptoms or the cost-effectiveness of pharmacists screening for depression.

Conclusion

Community pharmacists are able to use depression screening tools to identify undiagnosed adults having symptoms of depression. However, there is little evidence around the impact of this screening on clinical and economic outcomes. Larger, well-designed studies that use a highly accurate, easily administered screening tool and include patient referral and follow-up and pharmacist training are warranted to provide evidence on the impact of community pharmacists screening adults for depression.
Usefulness of a high‐speed surgical air drill in pubectomy during delayed anastomotic urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral injury
Authors: Horiguchi Akio , Ojima Kenichiro , Shinchi Masayuki , Hirano Yusuke , Hamamoto Koetsu , Ito Keiichi , Asano Tomohiko , Azuma Ryuichi
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Pubectomy is an ancillary technique used to increase exposure of the disrupted urethra and reduce anastomotic tension, which can be difficult for inexperienced surgeons. The objective of the present study was to illustrate the use of an air drill enabling delicate and precise bone resection in pubectomy for delayed anastomotic urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral injury.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2019, 88 male patients underwent delayed anastomotic urethroplasty with pubectomy for pelvic fracture urethral injury. A total of 73 procedures used a high‐speed surgical air drill (HiLAN HS; Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) equipped with a short‐hand piece. Operative time and blood loss in the air drill patient group (group 1) were compared with that of patients who underwent pubectomy using a rongeur and/or gouge (group 2, n = 15).

Results

In 65 group 1 patients, urethroplasty was carried out using the perineal approach, with partial inferior pubectomy. Eight group 1 patients, whose proximal urethral end was displaced upward superior to the upper edge of pubis, underwent urethroplasty using the perineal and abdominal approach, with a superior partial pubectomy and supracrural urethral rerouting. No difficulty was encountered using the air drill in any of the cases. There was no significant difference in median operative time between the groups (group 1 256 min vs group 2 228 min; P = 0.31). The median blood loss in group 1 was significantly lower than group 2 (149 mL vs 453 mL; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Surgical air drills might facilitate pubectomy in patients undergoing delayed anastomotic urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral injury. This tool offers the advantage of a delicate bone resection with reduced blood loss.
The information content of 10‐K file size change
Authors: Gan Quan , Qiu Buhui
Published: August 2020

Change in 10‐K file size robustly and negatively predicts future stock returns. The documented return predictability reflects mainly information content of 10‐K file size change on future cash flow news. We examine whether this return predictability derives from managers' risk disclosures or disclosure obfuscation. We find that the return predictability increases in future return horizon. It is driven by positive file size changes and is stronger for firms with high information asymmetry. It is stronger when managers have more “skin in the game.” It persists even when investor attention is high. It derives from the component of file size change that cannot be explained by business fundamentals. Although word count changes in specific 10‐K items can predict future stock returns, word count change in Item 1A, the risk disclosure section, has no return predictability. Our findings are broadly consistent with the managerial disclosure obfuscation explanation and suggest that lengthier 10‐K disclosure, to the extent it is used by managers to obfuscate bad news, does not necessarily benefit shareholders.
Female–female aggression in a cooperatively breeding bird during the non‐breeding period: the behavioral strategy to maintain long‐term partnerships
Authors: Guo Weibin , Li Zhibing , Wei Sai , Pan Wuyuan , Lu Xin
Published: August 2020

Social monogamy evolves in association with biparental care. However, males who tend to pursue multiple mating are expected to place less value on established partnerships, whereas females do the opposite to ensure males' participation in rearing offspring. Accordingly, selection is expected to favor paired females to behave aggressively towards females that approach their social mates. For species with long‐term partnerships, female–female aggression commonly observed during the breeding period should also occur in the non‐breeding period. We look at whether these expectations are held up by conducting a field experiment in Tibetan ground titsPseudopodoces humilis, a cooperatively breeding bird that has lifetime monogamy and forms new pair bonds in winter. Paired but not unpaired females were more aggressive towards the same‐sex than towards opposite‐sex intruders experimentally introduced into the winter group territory, an indication that paired females may be protecting partnerships. Both paired and unpaired males, on the other hand, displayed aggression almost equally against intruders of both sexes, indicating a likely function in territory defense. Our work provides the first evidence for the female's role in maintaining long‐term monogamy during the non‐breeding period in birds, and contributes to the recent progress regarding intrasexual competition between females as a component of sexual selection.
Prediction of cardiovascular events using brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients
Authors: Kim Hack‐Lyoung , Lim Woo‐Hyun , Seo Jae‐Bin , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Zo Zoo‐Hee , Kim Myung‐A
Published: August 2020

The prognostic value of arterial stiffness in Korean hypertensive patients has not been specified. This study was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Korean hypertensive patients and to propose a cutoff value of baPWV predicting future cardiovascular events. A total of 2561 hypertensive patients without documented cardiovascular disease (mean age, 63 years; 47% females) who underwent baPWV measurement were retrospectively analyzed. Composite events of cardiac death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and ischemic stroke were assessed during the clinical follow‐up period. During a median follow‐up period of 4.14 years (interquartile range, 2.18‐5.48 years), there were 69 cases of composite events (2.7%). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the best cutoff value of baPWV predicting composite events was 1630 cm/s (sensitivity, 79.7%; specificity, 49.1%; area under curve, 0.674; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.613‐0.735; P < .001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, higher baPWV (≥1630 cm/s) was independently associated with higher risk of the occurrence of composite events even after controlling for potential confounders (hazard ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.49‐5.36; P = .001). In conclusion, increased baPWV in Korean hypertensive patients was associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular events. In addition, we suggested 1630 cm as a cutoff value of baPWV for predicting cardiovascular events, which will be helpful in guiding the treatment strategy of Korean hypertensive patients.
Curcumin reinforces MSC‐derived exosomes in attenuating osteoarthritis via modulating the miR‐124/NF‐kB and miR‐143/ROCK1/TLR9 signalling pathways
Authors: Qiu Bo , Xu Xiongfeng , Yi Peng , Hao Yarong
Published: August 2020

Curcumin treatment was reported to delay the progression of OA, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the role of curcumin in OA treatment. Accordingly, by conducting MTT and flow cytometry assays, we found that the exosomes derived from curcumin‐treated MSCs helped to maintain the viability while inhibiting the apoptosis of model OA cells. Additionally, quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot assays showed that the exosomes derived from curcumin‐treated MSCs significantly restored the down‐regulated miR‐143 and miR‐124 expression as well as up‐regulated NF‐kB and ROCK1 expression in OA cells. Mechanistically, curcumin treatment decreased the DNA methylation of miR‐143 and miR‐124 promoters. In addition, the 3’ UTRs of NF‐kB and ROCK1 were proven to contain the binding sites for miR‐143 and miR‐124, respectively. Therefore, the up‐regulation of miR‐143 and miR‐124 in cellular and mouse OA models treated with exosomes remarkably restored the normal expression of NF‐kB and ROCK1. Consequently, the progression of OA was attenuated by the exosomes. Our results clarified the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic role of MSC‐derived exosomes in OA treatment.
Viability of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium after isochoric freezing
Authors: Bridges David F. , Bilbao‐Sainz Cristina , Powell‐Palm Matthew J. , Williams Tina , Wood Delilah , Sinrod Amanda J. G. , Ukpai Gideon , McHugh Tara H. , Rubinsky Boris , Wu Vivian C. H.
Published: August 2020

Isochoric freezing, different from isobaric (conventional) freezing, allows for storage below freezing temperatures without significant damage from ice formation. While several types of tissues have been successfully stored in sub‐zero isochoric conditions, it is unknown how isochoric freezing affects pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes at below freezing storage (<0°C) in isochoric conditions. Tested conditions included storage at −4, −7, and −15°C for 24 hr and at −15°C for 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr. A comparison of bacterial survival during isobaric freezing was included with every trial. Additionally, bacterial cells were examined for morphological damage using transmission electron and field‐emission scanning electron microscopes. Isochoric freezing at −15°C for 24 hr reduced both species of bacteria down to unrecoverable levels and maximum efficacy achieved after the 6 hr timepoint for L. monocytogenes and the 12 hr timepoint for S. Typhimurium. When viewed using electron microscopy, S. Typhimurium cells were noticeably disfigured with regions of cytosol separated from the cell wall. The results of this study demonstrate that isochoric freezing is capable of substantial levels of pathogen reduction. Unlike conventional nonthermal interventions, isochoric freezing does not require additional devices such as elevated pressure machines or pulsed electric fields and can be achieved with simple, inexpensive, rigid closed volume containers such as household freezers or commercial cold storage facilities.
Evolution of SIVsm in humanized mice towards HIV‐2
Authors: Curlin James , Schmitt Kimberly , Remling‐Mulder Leila , Moriarty Ryan , Goff Kelly , O’Connor Shelby , Stenglein Mark , Marx Preston , Akkina Ramesh
Published: August 2020

Through the accumulation of adaptive mutations, HIV‐2 originated from SIVsm. To identify these evolutionary changes, a humanized mouse model recapitulated the process that likely enabled this cross‐species transmission event. Various adaptive mutations arose, as well as increased virulence and CD4+ T‐cell decline as the virus was passaged in humanized mice.
Reliability of the Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth functional outcome measure
Authors: Bray Paula , Cornett Kayla M. D. , Estilow Timothy , Pareyson Davide , Zuccarino Riccardo , Skorupinska Mariola , Pipis Menelaos , Sowden Janet E. , Scherer Steven , Reilly Mary M. , Shy Michael E. , Herrmann David N. , Burns Joshua , Eichinger Katy J.
Published: August 2020

The CMT‐FOM is a 13‐item clinical outcome assessment (COA) that measures physical ability in adults with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT). Test‐retest reliability, internal consistency and convergent validity have been established for the CMT‐FOM. This current study sought to establish inter‐rater reliability. Following an in‐person training of six international clinical evaluators we recruited 10 participants with genetically diagnosed CMT1A, (aged 18‐74 years, 6 female). Participants were evaluated using the CMT‐FOM over 2 days. Participants were given at least a 3 hour rest between evaluations, and were assessed twice each day. Following the provision of training by master trainers, all 13 items of the CMT‐FOM exhibited excellent inter‐rater reliability for raw scores (ICC1,1 0.825‐0.989) and z‐scores (ICC1,1 0.762‐0.969). Reliability of the CMT‐FOM total score was excellent (ICC1,1 0.983, 95% CI 0.958‐0.995). The CMT‐FOM is a reliable COA used by clinical evaluators internationally. The next steps are to establish further validation through psychometric evaluation of the CMT‐FOM in the Accelerate Clinical Trials in CMT (ACT‐CMT) study.
Effects of Interior Color Schemes on Emotion, Task Performance, and Heart Rate in Immersive Virtual Environments
Authors: Cha Seung Hyun , Zhang Shaojie , Kim Tae Wan
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interior color schemes in immersive virtual environments (IVEs) on emotion, task performance, and heart rate to examine IVEs’ potential for interior color research. Fifty–five ( n = 55) student participants were recruited to experience four different colored IVE models (i.e., red, green, blue, and white), and their emotions, heart rate change, and proofreading performances during the immersion were measured. Participants were also asked about their sense of presence after the experience. The findings support the following three hypotheses: (1) IVE interior color schemes affect subject emotion, (2) IVE interior color schemes affect subject task performance as measured through a proofreading exercise, and (3) IVE interior color schemes affect subject heart rate. Specifically, red was perceived as significantly heavier, warmer, more exciting, tenser, and unpleasant. Significantly fewer errors occurred during the white immersion versus the green color scheme when completing the task performance exercise. While heart rate was reduced for each color, significant decreases were detected in the blue, white, and green color scenarios. The majority of participants felt a sense of being there when experiencing the four colored IVE spaces. Based on these results, we conclude that IVE has potential for interior color research to overcome the limitations of traditional color research tools.
Online and in‐Person Violence, Harassment, Intimidation and Bullying in New Jersey: 2011‐2016
Authors: Simmons Kyle X. , Shah Nimit N. , Fakeh Campbell Maryanne L. , Gonzalez Lauren N. , Jones Laura E. , Shendell Derek G.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

New Jersey (NJ) Safe Schools Program, primarily funded by the NJ Department of Education, has aims concerning safety and health including helping to alleviate harassment, intimidation, and bullying (HIB) in secondary school because HIB can affect learning. We evaluated officially reported adolescent HIB total incidents and estimated rates in NJ public city and county school districts for the 2011‐2016 school years.

METHODS

A cross‐sectional observational study using population‐based state‐reported public data. We calculated point prevalence and incidence rates for K‐12 students in 22 public city school districts, students in 21 career‐technical‐vocational education (CTE) school districts, and 8 special services school districts during 2011‐2016.

RESULTS

HIB is prevalent in NJ school classrooms. HIB comprised ≥75% of total officially reported in‐school violence‐related incidents in a given school year. Rates per 100 enrollees of total officially reported incidents for the 5‐year period of 2011‐2016 was highest in special services school districts (5.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.67, 5.34) followed by CTE districts (1.94; 95% CI: 1.86, 2.01), and lowest in city districts (1.46; 95% CI: 1.44, 1.48). The special services school district also had the highest rates per year and the 5‐year period.

CONCLUSIONS

Data analyses suggested ideas for further research and improvements for school HIB incident reports. Policies and programs could remedy issues observed in state secondary school classrooms. Best practices within districts and schools can help protect students from HIB and promote safety, health, learning, and maturation.