bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyethersulfone/polyacrylonitrile blended ultrafiltration membranes: preparation, morphology and filtration properties
Authors: Pasaoglu Mehmet Emin , Guclu Serkan , Koyuncu Ismail
Published: June 2016

Polyethersulfone (PES)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes have been paid attention among membrane research subjects. However, very few studies are included in the literature. In our study, asymmetric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared from blends of PES/PAN with phase inversion method using water as coagulation bath. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with Mw of 10,000 Da was used as pore former agent. N,N-dimethylformamide was used as solvent. The effects of different percentage of PVP and PES/PAN composition on morphology and water filtration properties were investigated. Membrane performances were examined using pure water and lake water filtration studies. Performances of pure water were less with the addition of PAN into the PES polymer casting solutions. However, long-term water filtration tests showed that PES/PAN blend membranes anti-fouling properties were much higher than the neat PES membranes. The contact angles of PES/PAN membranes were lower than neat PES membranes because of PAN addition in PES polymer casting solutions. Furthermore, it was found that PES/PAN blend UF membranes' dynamic mechanical analysis properties in terms of Young's modules were less than neat PES membrane because of decreasing amount of PES polymer.
The influence of temperature and SRT on high-solid digestion of municipal sewage sludge
Authors: Jahn L. , Baumgartner T. , Svardal K. , Krampe J.
Published: June 2016

The influence of temperature and solids retention time (SRT) on high-solid digestion of municipal sewage sludge was investigated in laboratory-scale reactors. Digestion with high-solid concentration reduces the required digestion volume and is advantageous for urban areas. The experimental conditions comprised total suspended solids (TSS) in digested sludge between 4.0 and 4.6%, temperatures in a range of 33 to 41 °C and the SRT between 10 and 25 d. High-solid digestion operates with increased NH4-N concentrations released from organic compounds. The anaerobic process can be limited by high NH4-N concentration and toxic NH3. In this study a stable digestion was observed up to 2,000 mg L−1 NH4-N and 75 mg L−1 NH3. Volatile suspended solids (VSS) and chemical oxygen demand removal was 53% and 57% respectively. However, digestion with 10 d SRT led to a declined VSS removal of 49%. The removal at 41 and 37 °C showed minor differences, while reduced NH4-N release and reduced methane production were observed at 33 °C. For economic reasons, high-solid digestion at 41 °C is not recommended, but will not impair VSS removal. The outcomes of this study confirm that digestion with up to 7.8% TSS in the feed is feasible for the tested temperatures and SRT down to 15 d.
Patient-derived Tumor Models for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas
Authors: Hashizume Rintaro , Gupta Nalin
Published: June 2016

Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas represent a unique subtype of
primary brain tumors occuring in a specific location and age. Their growth demonstrates
early invasion and, following diagnosis, rapid growth not responsive to common
therapies. Until recently, the genetic and cellular basis of these tumors was unknown.
Genetic evidence implicates mutations in the histone genes in the origin of these tumors.

Methods: Surgical biopsies performed on selected patients have resulted in the
establishment of anatomically accurate mouse models that have been used to
examine patterns of growth and response to new therapeutic agents.

Results: Human derived pontine glioma models recapitulate the invasive patterns of
growth. The grade of the original tumor affects the latency of tumor growth after
implantation.

Conclusion: The use of human-derived xenograft models allows for improved pre-clinical testing of new
therapeutic targets in a tumor- and organ-specific manner.
Effect of PUFAs Oral Administration on the Amount of Apoptotic Caspases Enzymes in Gastric Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Dolatkhah Homayun , Movahedian Ahmad , Somi Mohammad-Hossein , Aghaei Mahmud , Samadi Naser , Mirza-Aghazade Ahmad , Esfahani Ali
Published: June 2016

Objective: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second cause of death in the world.
According to the studies, the gastric cancer is relatively sensitive to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to
investigate the association of oral administer PUFAs with Caspase enzymes in patients with gastric cancer under
chemotherapy.

Methods: This study was a Clinical Trial in which the target group consisted of the patients recognized with gastric
cancer for the first time and cured under chemotherapy. Thirty-four patients were selected and categorized randomly
into two groups. The case group included the patients taking PUFAs along with chemotherapeutic agent. In these
patients, chemotherapy started with Cis-Platin plus PUFAs supplement in the scale of 3600 mg daily and in three
courses. In control group, the individuals were under the same chemotherapy protocol without PUFAs. Biopsy samples
from tumor were taken from the patients before and after chemotherapy. Levels of mRNA and protein expression of
caspase 3, 8, 9 were measured in biopsy samples by Real-Time PCR and Frozen Section methods. The levels of
apoptosis were determined using DNA-damage colorimetric assay.

Results: In the case group, caspase 3 showed a significant increase in both gene and protein expression levels after
administration of PUFAs supplement in comparison with those of the control group (p=0.006 for gene, p=0.001 for
protein). PUFAs induced caspase-9 gene expression level in these patients (p<0.0001). Caspase-9 protein level also
revealed a marked elevation when PUFAs were administered along with chemotherapeutic agent (p<0.0001). DNA
damage in gastric tissue from the patients under PUFAs treatment plus Cis-Platin was significantly higher than that of
control group (p=0.003). PUFAs showed no significant changes in caspase-8 both at the gene and protein levels in the
patients.

Conclusion: According to the results of present study, it appears that oral administration of PUFAs can elevate the
efficacy of chemotherapy agent in individuals' mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. As PUFAs enhances caspase-3 and
9 genes expression levels, which is an important induce the mitochondrial dependent apoptosis process.

The study was registered in Iran clinical trials registry center under No. IRCT2014031016922N1.
Does Vincristine affect Cochlear function in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
Authors: Rao Suchetha , Kumar Ranjith , Bhat Jayashree , Kamath Nutan
Published: June 2016

Context: Vincristine chemotherapy has dose dependent ototoxicity. Early detection of ototoxicity is better with otoacoustic emissions and high frequency audiometry than conventional pure tone audiometry. The study was done to see if vincristine treatment interferes with hearing sensitivity in children.Methods and Material: A prospective study was conducted on twenty-three children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on Multi Center Protocol (MCP 841).These were subjected to conventional audiometry, high frequency audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) before starting chemotherapy. The follow up audiological evaluation after early intensive phase chemotherapy (approximately 6 months) was conducted in thirteen children, who received 12 doses of vincristine (1.4 mg/m2), cranial irradiation of 1800cGy (>3 years) as per protocol and antibiotics as per clinical demands.Results: Baseline audiological evaluation was normal. Follow-up evaluation DPOAEs showed a declining tendency, however changes did not reach statistical significance. Differences in median hearing thresholds prior and post treatment in higher frequency audiometry were also minimal which was not statistically significant. Conventional audiometric thresholds were not altered.Conclusions: The reduction in the signal noise ratio of DPOAE, and reduced hearing sensitivity in high frequencies in post chemotherapy in comparison with baseline measures cannot be ignored though it has failed to reach the level of statistical significance. children on vincristine should have a pre chemotherapy and follow up audiological evaluation with DPOAE The results of the present study needs to be strengthened by including larger sample and long term follow up.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2016; 27(1) : 3-7
Evaluation of individual awareness of diabetes, related risk factors and complications in urban and rural people of Noakhali region, Bangladesh: a population-based study
Authors: Alam Md Khorshed , Islam Md Ariful , Das Abhijit , Karmakar Palash , Debnath Pankaj Chandra , Saha Monika Rani
Published: June 2016

This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the individual awareness, related risk factors and complications of diabetes with socio-demographic profiles of the study individuals in Noakhali region, Bangladesh during June to December, 2013. A total 250 participants were selected randomly and data were collected using structured questionnaire. Among the respondents 47.20% were found male and 52.80% were female and majorities (52.00%) of the respondents were urban people. Respondents completed secondary study level or below were the dominant group. 9.20%, 27.20%, 12.80% and 34.40% respondents were agriculturist, businessman and housewives respectively. Women showed better knowledge about overall diabetes (20.00%) and blood glucose level (9.60%), in case of causes, symptoms and management men (12.80%, 23.20% and 18.40% respectively) were found dominant than women (10.00%, 16.00% and 12.00% respectively). It was found that 13.20% respondents were suffering from impaired glucose tolerance and 79.20% had diabetes mellitus where female were more vulnerable than male. Family history was found the significant risk factor (p= 0.016; Ç2 = 5.849) for diabetes (total 62%, male 40.65% and female 59.35%), Other risk factors like age (67.20%), obesity (46.40%), hypercholesterolemia (82.00%), excess triglyceride (78.00%) and hypertension (29.60%) remained insignificant respectively and in every cases female were found more vulnerable than men. Study revealed that knowledge regarding diabetes was not up to the mark to the respondents though it is now one of the most pandemic diseases in the world.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2016; 27(1) : 8-15
Fatty Liver Disease: A Wake Up Call
Authors: Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Bala Chandra Shekhar , Biswas Sarmistha , Minnat Baharul , Hossain Homayra Tahseen
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Medicine Jan 2016; 27(1) : 27-32
A Rare Cause of Bilateral Simultaneous Vocal Cord Palsy
Authors: Soon Vong Khim , Mohamad Irfan
Published: June 2016

Vocal cord (VC) palsy is a rare clinical condition. One of the causes is oesophageal cancer. It is commonly unilateral in nature and affects more on the left. A non-traumatic non-iatrogenic bilateral VC palsy is an extremely rare encounter. We report a case of bilateral VC palsy secondary to an advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2016; 27(1) : 40-42
Adolescent Health in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury TA
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 1-2
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Before and After Simple Abdominal Hysterectomy in a Selected Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Jahan Muna Shalima , Billah Syed Muhammad Baqui
Published: June 2016

Objective: To assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) before and after simple abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University, Dhaka on respondents who were waiting for simple abdominal hysterectomy for beneign gynaecological problems. LUTS and ultrasonic and uroflowmetric findings were assessed on 48 patients before simple abdominal hysterectomy (SAH) followed by reassessment of symptoms on 33 patients and uroflowmetric assessment on 27 patients within 3-4 months after SAH. Results: Thirty percent urgency (p=0.02), 18% urge incontinence (p=0.03), 42% stress incontinence (p=0.001), 24% dysuria (0.02), 33% stress on cough or vulsalva (p=0.001), 27% delayed bladder emptying (p=0.04) and 30% sensation of residual urine (0.01) was improved significantly after SAH while around 18% urinary frequency (p=0.07) was almost significantly improved. None of the patients complained of nocturia after SAH. As for urodynamic assessment, there was significant increase in maximum bladder capacity (p<0.001), decrease in bladder wall thickness (p<0.001) and decrease in average flow rate (0.04) though there was no significant decrease in post void residue. Overall there had been a considerable decrease of all pre operative symptoms from nearly 82% to 37% post operatively. Conclusions: There was significant improvement of voiding symptoms following SAH as well as improvement of ultrasongraphic findings and uroflometric features.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 7-11
Significance of Umbilical Artery Velocimetry in Perinatal Outcome of Growth Restricted Fetuses
Authors: Afroze Zakia , Begum Rokeya
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To study pregnancy outcomes in growth restricted fetuses with normal umbilical artery velocimetry, low end-diastolic umbilical flow, and absent or reversed diastolic flow. Methods: Fifty pregnant women with growth restricted fetuses were evaluated by umbilical artery velocimetry between 28 and 39 weeks of pregnancy. Outcome of pregnancy was recorded for the normal Doppler group (n=17; 34%), the low end diastolic flow group (n=23; 46%), the group with absent diastolic flow (n=8; 16%) and the group with reversed diastolic flow (n=2; 4%). Results: The average birth weight, diagnosis to delivery interval and gestational age at delivery were comparatively lower in case of abnormal umbilical Doppler velocimetry group. Again there was higher incidence of LSCS for fetal distress, Apgar score <7 at 1 minute, admission to neonatal intensive care unit and perinatal death with those of the abnormal umbilical Doppler velocimetry. Conclusion: Doppler study of umbilical artery allows a noninvasive assessment of uteroplacental insufficiency and is an accurate method for diagnosis and management of fetal growth retardation.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 12-17
Assessment of Post Graduate Medical Education: Global
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 32-40
Disseminated Tuberculosis Causing Addisons Disease in an Adult Diabetic Patient
Authors: Qureshi Nazmul Kabir , Latif Zafar Ahmed
Published: June 2016

Tuberculosis may affect many of the endocrine glands including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid with adrenal gland being the commonest. We describe a patient presented with recurrent spontaneous hypoglycemia, hypotension, fever, weight loss and cough. Along with this clinical picture, high ACTH in the face of low cortisol was compatible with diagnosis of Addisons disease. Rapid ACTH stimulation test affirmed the diagnosis. Disseminated TB affecting adrenal glands was supported by CXR, USG, CT Abdomen and FNAC. Adrenal Crisis was led by add-on bacterial pneumonia. Patient made good recovery with treatment for adrenal crisis and subsequently with standard antitubercular regimen and steroid replacement therapy. Tuberculosis, although uncommon but potentially devastating cause of adrenal failure, merits consideration when fever, weight loss, gastrointestinal symptoms, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia are observed in patients with features of active tuberculosis or past history of tuberculosisJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 44-47
Larsen Syndrome in a Newborn
Authors: Naher Begum Sharifun
Published: June 2016

Larsen syndrome, a congenital genetic disorder of collagen formation, is reported in a female newborn. The affected newborn has presented with dish like facies, multiple joint dislocations, gross hypotonia, cleft palate, spatulated thumb and fingers. Diagnosis is made on the basis of positive family history, remarkable clinical features and characteristics radiological findings. This rare syndrome is the first case report so far in Bangladesh.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 52-54
Young Male with Recurrent Chest Infections and Clubbing
Authors: Das Aparna , Cader F Aaysha , Mayedah Rita
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 55-57
Letter to the Editor 33(1)
Authors: Miah Md Titu , Das Aparna , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Bala Chandra Shekhar , Minnat Baharul
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 58-61
From the desk of editor in Chief 33(1)
Authors: Ahasan HAM Nazmul
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 62
Geriatric Medicine : Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Kahhar Md Azizul
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 63-64
Prediction of Foetal Well-being with Non-stress Test
Authors: Rahman Jahanara , Begum Hosne Ara
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Non-stress test (NST) is the most common antenatal test performed to assess the foetus at risk of intrauterine hypoxia. On the other hand non-reactivity detected by NST increases the interferences of pregnancy by Caesarean section.Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Dhaka National Medical College between July2007 and June 2008.Objectives: The objectives of the study were (1) To observe the mode of delivery in cases of non-reactive non stress test (NST) and (2) To evaluate perinatal outcome of non-reactive NST.Results: A total 137 high risk pregnant women were included in the study. Age of the women ranges from 16 to 32 years. The mean age of the women was 23.74 ± 3.71 year. Among them 44.53% were primaegravida and 55.47% were multigravida. Gestational age was between 35 and 42 weeks and mean gestational age was 38.34±1.42 weeks. Regarding foetal reactivity 61.3% (n=84) were reactive and 38.7 % (n=53) were non-reactive. Among the babies of non reactive NST 98.11% and 1.89% were delivered by caesarean section and vaginal delivery respectively. Whereas, 48.81% and 51.19% babies of reactive NST were delivered by caesarean section and vaginal delivery respectively. The percentage of caesarean section was much higher in non-reactive NST cases in comparison to that of reactive NST which was statistically highly significant (p value 0.0000). One minute after birth APGAR scoring revealed that 56.6% and 43.4% newborn of non-reactive NST had no depression( APGAR score 7-10) and mild depression ( APGAR score 4-6) respectively. On the other hand 65.47% and 34.5% newborn of reactive NST had no depression and mild depression respectively at one minute after birth. Therefore, small difference was noticed in the neonatal status between the reactive and non-reactive NST which had no statistical significance (p value 0.507). Evaluation of the neonates with APGAR scoring done 5 minutes after birth revealed mild depression (APGAR score 4-6) in 24.53% and 20.24% of non-reactive and reactive NST cases respectively and no depression (APGAR score 7- 10) was found in 75.47% and 70.76% in reactive and nonreactive NST respectively. So, 5 minutes after birth the neonatal status among reactive and non-reactive NST made no significant difference (p value 0.9266).Conclusion: Neonatal evaluation revealed that all foetuses were not compromised as detected by NST. Relying on NST the rate of Caesarean section has been increased. Reassessment of the foetal conditions was needed with the help of other techniques. Therefore NST alone is insufficiently predictive of neonatal outcome.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 65-69
Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics and Aetiology of Asymptomatic Raised Alanine Aminotransferase in Newly Detected Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Patients
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Azam Md Golam , Ali Md Nowshad , Mohsin Mostafa Nur , Jamal Md Shah , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Ahmed Habib , Hoque Md Nazmul , Buiyan Tareq Mahmud , Rahman Md Anisur
Published: June 2016

Objectives: Clinical evaluation and identification of aetiology of asymptomatic raised serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in newly detected adult diabetic and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, newly detected adult diabetic and IGT patients having asymptomatic raised serum ALT level of > 1.5 times of upper limit of normal were evaluated clinically and by laboratory tests.Results: Total number of patients was 120, which was 3.1% of all newly registered diabetic and IGT patients over the study period. Male were 74 and female 46. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was found in 93.3% cases and IGT in 6.7%. Mean age was 43.1 years, mean body weight was 64.5 kg and mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.5 kg/m2. Central (abdominal) obesity was found in 61.5% cases. Increased waist hip ratio was found in 86.3% cases. Hypertension and hepatomegaly were present in 35% and 5.8% cases respectively. Dyslipidaemia was found in 98.3% cases and 45% patients fulfilled criteria for metabolic syndrome. Regarding etiology, 76.7% cases had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 8.3% had HBsAg sero-positivity, 4.2% had anti-HCV seropositivity and 3.3% had both NAFLD and HBsAg seropositivity. In 7.5% cases no cause was found. Raised serum ALT level had a significant correlation with metabolic syndrome (p= 0.016) and increasing age (p= 0.008).Conclusion: Elevation of serum ALT is common in DM and IGT. NAFLD is the commonest cause followed by hepatitis B and C virus infection.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 70-74
Influence of Number of Parity on Bone Mineral Density among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Alam Irin Parveen , Haque Mohd Azharul , Chowdhury Saleha Begum
Published: June 2016

Introduction- Osteoporosis is a common disease of postmenopausal women and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The most important single determining factor is low bone mass. Generally accepted risk factors of osteoporosis in women are low body weight, age, low physical activity and cigarette smoking. The effect of parity is controversial.Objective-The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of parity on bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women.Methods-In this study total 75 postmenopausal women aged 51-70 years of with parity 1-13 were studied. Parity was described as the number of births reported by the women. In Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 33, No. 2, April 2015 this study T score of BMD of different bony sites lumber vertebrae and femur were analyzed. BMD were measured in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine at BSMMU. Correlations between BMD values with parity were detected.Results- The mean age of the patients was 60 years with a standard deviation of ±9.32 years. All patients were within 51 to 70 years age range. A significant negative correlation was found in present study between parity and the T score measurement results obtained from L2, L3, L4, L2-4, Femur neck, Trochantor and Wards triangle. This shows mean Tscore of BMD were more negative as number of parity increases.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 75-78Introduction- Osteoporosis is a common disease of postmenopausal women and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The most important single determining factor is low bone mass. Generally accepted risk factors of osteoporosis in women are low body weight, age, low physical activity and cigarette smoking. The effect of parity is controversial. Objective-The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of parity on bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women. Methods-In this study total 75 postmenopausal women aged 51-70 years of with parity 1-13 were studied. Parity was described as the number of births reported by the women. In Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 33, No. 2, April 2015 this study T score of BMD of different bony sites lumber vertebrae and femur were analyzed. BMD were measured in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine at BSMMU. Correlations between BMD values with parity were detected. Results- The mean age of the patients was 60 years with a standard deviation of ±9.32 years. All patients were within 51 to 70 years age range. A significant negative correlation was found in present study between parity and the T score measurement results obtained from L2, L3, L4, L2-4, Femur neck, Trochantor and Wards triangle. This shows mean Tscore of BMD were more negative as number of parity increases.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 75-78
Pregnancy Profile and Perinatal outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Mustafa Fahmida Naz
Published: June 2016

Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the proportion of GDM in antenatal outdoor of a hospital, to find out the mean gestational period at which most delivery occurred in GDM and to assess the perinatal outcome.Study design : It was a prospective analytical study conducted in BSMMU, from March,2010 to February,2011.Method: 1489 pregnant women, not known to be diabetic previously, were selected by consecutive sampling in first trimester from Obstetrics outdoor, BSMMU. Their FBS and blood glucose 2hrs after 75gm oral glucose were recorded. We investigated blood glucose in first, second and third trimester in the same pregnant women for screening GDM. Cut off GDM values in fasting stage was e 6.1mmol/l and 2 hrs after 75gm oral glucose was e 7.8mmol/l .Result: The proportion of GDM in Obstetrics Outdoor of BSMMU was 6.85%. The mean gestational period at which delivery occurred was lower in GDM ( 36.9 ± 2.2 wks ) than that in non-GDM (39 ± 1.6 wks ) .The most common (31.4%) gestational week during delivery in GDM was 37 completed weeks. Birth weight of 40.2% babies were in the range of 2.5kg to 3.0kg, 31.4% in the range of 3.1 to 3.5 kg and 1% neonate died after birth in GDM.Conclusion: Presently GDM is diagnosed early. The mean gestational period at delivery in GDM is 36.9±2.2 wks. Majority neonatal birth weight is of normal range. Neonatal mortality rate is not increased and is not significantly different from non-GDM women.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 79-85
Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Pregnancy
Authors: Begum Nazneen , Ganguly Shikha , Islam Ferdousi
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 86-90
Gas in the Kidney (Emphysematous Pyelonephritis) often Misdiagnosed as Colonic Gas
Authors: Zulkifl Mohammad Ali , Alam Mir Rasekh
Published: June 2016

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a serious and often life threatening infection of the renal and perirenal tissues. The characteristic feature of this infection is the presence of gas within the kidney and perinephric tissues. EPN usually occurs in diabetic women. CT Scan is the investigation of choice not only to establish the diagnosis but also to plan the line of management. Renal preservation must be the aim of management. This can be achieved to a great extent by medical management combined with percutaneous drainage of obstructed kidney. However nephrectomy is indicated in life threatening infection of the kidney. Prompt diagnosis and the timing of drainage could be the prognostic factor. A case of EPN in a diabetic patient who was successfully managed by nephrectomy is presented.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 91-94
Citrullinemia Type I - A Case Report
Authors: Mohsin Fauzia , Mahbuba Sharmin , Begum Tahmina , Saha Narayan Chandra , Azad Kishwar , Nahar Nazmun
Published: June 2016

Citrullinemia type I (CTLN1) is an inherited urea cycle disorder where the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase is deficient. It can lead to recurrent hyperammonemic crisis that may result in permanent neurological sequelae, even death. Vomiting in patients with urea cycle disorders may either be the result or cause of acute hyperammonemia, particularly if due to an illness that leads to catabolism. Therefore, age-appropriate common etiologies of vomiting must be considered when evaluating these patients. We present a case of a 2 year 5 month old female child with CTLN1 who had a history of frequent vomiting after the age of one year and some recent neurological manifestations like excessive crying and lethargy and one episode of unconsciousness. Investigations revealed high level of ammonia. Amino acid profile using tandem mass spectrometry showed markedly increased plasma level of citrulline. After administration of sodium benzoate and protein restricted diet there was dramatic improvement of all the symptoms.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 98-100
Young Lady with Acute Upper Limb Ischemia due to Cervical Band
Authors: Ghosh Shantonu Kumar , Khan Omar Sadeque , Alam Saleh Ahmed Nurul , Aftabuddin Mohammad , Adhikary Asit Baran
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Acute upper limb ischemia is usually caused by compression of cervical rib on subclavian artery. But in very few cases compression may be caused by cervical band which is not evident in conventional radiography.Results and Discussion: This is a case of a 26 year old lady, housewife, having rudimentary cervical rib, presented with acute left upper limb ischemia due to subclavian artery aneurysm. Peroperatively cervical fibrotic bandwas identified and diagnosed as the cause of subclavian artery aneurysm instead of rudimentary cervical rib. Scalenectomy, excision of the cervical band, excision of the aneurysmsac and arterial reconstruction of the subclavian artery was performed. Her operation was uneventful, postoperative recovery was excellent. She was discharged to home on 4th postoperative day ensuring good distal pulsation of affected limb.Conclusion: Though rare, cervical band is a cause of acute upper limb ischemia. So, we must not forget while diagnosing this type of cases.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 101-104
Detection of Omental Recurrence of Colorectal Cancer by FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 105-106
Letter to the Editor 33(2)
Authors: Kabir Ahmedul , Perveen Shaila
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 107-108
Changing Pattern of Gastric Surgery
Authors: Bhuiyan MA Hashem
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 118-119
Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin Compared to Sulphonylurea in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes during Fasting in Ramadan
Authors: Pathan Md Faruque , Amin Md Feroz , Afsana Faria , Rahim Md Saghir Abdur , Sarker Md Jahangir Alam , Ali Tanvir Mobarak , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Hasan Farzana
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin compared to sulphonylurea (SU) in Type 2 Diabetes during Fasting in Ramadan. This was a prospective, observational cohort study, which enrolledpatients from Bangladesh. Patients aged >18 years with T2DM and HbA1c <8.5% were treated with vildagliptin or SU as add-on to metformin or as monotherapy for 16 weeks.The primary outcome of interest was to compare the proportion of patients with >1 hypoglycemic event(s) (HE) during fasting between the vildagliptin and SU groups. Changes in HbA1c, body weight and treatment adherence were also measured. Of the 100 patients enrolled, 97completed the study and 3 patients discontinued prematurely. Patients experiencing >1 HE(s) were fewer in the vildagliptingroup compared with SU group (4.3% vs. 8.2%; p=0.678). The reduction in HbA1c was 0.1% with vildagliptin from a baseline of 7.1%,however, there was no changewith SU from a baseline of 7.2% (between-treatment difference: 0.1%; p=0.600). A gain of 0.35kg and 0.08 kg was seen with vildagliptinand SUs treatment, respectively. Overall, the incidence of adverse events was similar betweenthe vildagliptin and SU groups (23.4% vs. 20.4%) with no new safety signals. The treatment with vildagliptin was associated with fewer hypoglycemic events compared with SU and was well tolerated in Muslim T2DM patients fasting during Ramadan.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 120-125
Evaluation of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), as an Early Biomarker and Prognostic Factor of Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CI-AKI) following Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Nessa Azizun , Ahmed Masud , Fakir Md Amzad H , Mostafi Mamun
Published: June 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) usually detected by s. creatinine, which rises after 48 hrs of insult causes delay in diagnosis and to take preventive or therapeutic measures. Hence amongst many neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is emerging as early, sensitive, and most promising biomarker of AKI both in urine and plasma. This prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka from October 2011 to March 2012. A total of willing 100 adult patients undergoing elective coronary angiogram (CAG) with normal kidney function were included in this study. Our study defined contrast induced AKI (CI-AKI) as rise of serum creatinine by >25% or e0.5 mg/dl from baseline after exposure to contrast media and urine NGAL e100 ng/ml was taken as cut off value to predict AKI as calculated by ROC curve. The main outcome measures were urine NGAL at 4 hrs and serum creatinine at 48 hrs after CAG. Significant elevation of urine NGAL was noted in 9 patients after 4 hrs of CAG, of them 8 (8%) patients developed raised s. creatinine (AKI) after 48 hrs. Patient demographics and procedural factors were although statistically significant in few instances but none was predictive of AKI.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 133-139
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate against Therapy Resistant Endodontic Microorganisms
Authors: Banu Mst Laila Akter , Bashar AKM , Howlader Md Mujibur Rahman , Alam Md Shamsul , Hussain Md Ashraf
Published: June 2016

Microorganisms, usually from the dental caries, are the main sources of diseases in dental pulp (root canals) and periapical region. Facultative bacteria and fungi have been identified in therapy resistant persistent endodontic infection. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Mineral Tri Oxide Aggregate (MTA) against therapy resistant endodontic microorganisms. The efficacy of MTA was also compared with that of calcium hydroxide. Six standard bacterial stains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. The agar diffusion method on Muller- Hilton media was employed. The plates containing media were inoculated with the specified bacterial suspensions. Two standard holes were prepared on each microorganism inoculated plate with a copper puncher and one hole was completely filled with MTA & the other with Ca (OH)2 . The plates were then kept at environmental temperature for one hour to ensure prediffusion and then incubated at 370C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the diameters of inhibition zones were measured. Tests were replicated for thirty times for each sample and mean values were taken. Zone of inhibition as measured for MTA and Ca (OH)2 were statistically analyzed with Students t-Test and Post Hoc Games Howell Test and were presented as mean ± SD to compare of efficacy of MTA and calcium hydroxide on different microorganisms. Both MTA and Ca(OH)2 were found to produce zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), , Bacillus subtilis (BTCC 17 ), and Candida albicans (BTCC 493). MTA showed highest activity against S. aureus and lowest activity against P. aeruginosa which was similar to the activity range of Ca (OH)2 against the mentioned organisms. But both of them failed to produce any activity against E. coli and. E. faecalis. MTA was found to produce a lower efficacy than Ca (OH)2 while comparing the zone of inhibition between them and statistically it was significant. Mineral Tri Oxide Aggregate (MTA) showed antimicrobial efficacy against some therapy resistant microorganisms but it did not show antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. MTA was found to produce a lower antimicrobial efficacy than Ca (OH)2.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 140-145
Recent Advancement on Current Trend in the Management of Endocrine Emergency in Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Ferdous HS , Afsana Faria , Qureshi Nazmul Kabir , Rouf Rushda SB , Parvez AA , Mir AS
Published: June 2016

Endocrine emergencies represent a group of potentially lifethreatening conditions that are frequently overlooked, resulting in delays in both diagnosis and treatment, factors that further contribute to their already high associated mortality rates. Although endocrine emergencies are often encountered in patients with a known endocrinopathy, the emergency may be the initial presentation in previously undiagnosed individuals. If these endocrine disorders are not rapidly identified or if specific treatment is delayed, significant complications or even death may occur. Careful evaluation of clinical history and a high degree of suspicion are the corner stone to diagnose such problems. Aggressive management of the patient is equally important as the complications are devastating and can prove highly fatal. The present article is an attempt to review some of the common endocrine emergencies in intensive care unit and the challenges associated with their diagnosis and management.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 146-155
Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Rare Hereditary Immuno-deficiency Disorder in a Young Boy with Its Adverse Consequences
Authors: Rashid Mamunur , Nigar Asfia , Hassan Md Rashidul
Published: June 2016

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease which results from absence of the NADPH oxidase in the professional phagocytic cells neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and eosinophils. Deficiency of this oxidase renders the patient liable to infection by bacteria and fungi, and, as the name of the disease suggests, to chronic granulomatous inflammation. Here, a young boy presented with increasing breathlessness and productive cough had recurrent episode of pulmonary infection since his childhood. Repeated Chest X-ray and CT scan showed homogenous opacities at different places of lung in different occasions with bilateral reticulo-nodular opacities. Mulipleoraganisms were isolated from sputum at different times. A nitroblu-tetrazolium test (NBT) was done abroad which was positive and confirmed his diagnosis. Since then, He had prophylactic fluconazol and sulphamethoxazoltrimethoprime daily and pneumocaccal and influenza vaccination regularly and proper treatment of acute infective episodes accordingly. In spite all these measures, repeated infection caused grievous harm to his lung leading to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis. As a consequence, he became home bound, oxygen dependant and dependant on regular use of long acting bronchodilators in different form. Hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation was advised which was not affordable for his parents. Now, this young boy is waiting for further assaults to his lungs and further deterioration and ultimate hopeless outcomes.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 156-160
Retrograde Jejunogastric Intussusception (RJGI): A Life- Threatening Complication after Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Faruk Imtiaz , Kabir Sheikh Firoj , Alam Syed Mahbubul , Hasan Kh ABM Abdullah Al
Published: June 2016

Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception (RJGI) after gastric bypass surgery is a rare but potentially life threatening complication. This complication may develop after simple gastrojejunostomy, after lower partial resection of stomach with gastrojejunostomy (Billroth-II gastric surgery) or after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Among the three anatomic type of jejunogastric intussusception (JGI), type-II is the commonest variety. The acute form is a surgical emergency. Mortality rate is very high. Little is known about the mechanism but many literatures indicate abnormal motility may be a cause. A 50 year old male presented to us with a three month history of repeated vomiting and one day of upper mid-abdominal pain. He had a history of gastric bypass for pyloric stenosis 12 years back. Diagnosis was confirmed by upper GI endoscopy. At laparotomy type II retrograde jejunogastric intussusception was identified. En-block resection of affected segment of jejunum and lower part of the stomach was done followed by Roux-en-Y reconstruction. RJGI is a rare complication of gastric bypass surgery. Early diagnosis is imperative. High index of suspicion is therefore important. Barium meal X-ray, ultra sonogram, enhanced CT scan occasionally be diagnostic, but endoscopy is certainly diagnostic in experienced hand. Laparotomy is mandatory. Surgical options include simple reduction, en-block resection and/or plication.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 161-165
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Adult- A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hossain Syeda Fahmida , Qureshi Nazmul Kabir , Mahmud Zahid , Hossain Md Iqbal
Published: June 2016

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal disease of normal but overactive histiocytes and lymphocytes that commonly appears in infancy, although it has been seen in all age groups. The disease may be inherited or acquired due to infections, collagen vascular diseases and malignancies. The pathological hallmark of the syndrome is uncontrolled activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages, together with an impaired cytotoxic function of NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes, resulting into massive cytokine release (e.g., interferon , TNF á, interleukin[IL]-6, 8,10,12,18 etc) from these cells and overwhelming inflammation. Lymphocytes and macrophages, sometimes with haemophagocytic activity accumulate in bone marrow, spleen, liver, or lymph nodes. This immune dysregulatory disorder is characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, skin rash, cytopenias, hepatitis, coagulopathy, neurological symptoms. We report a case of 65 years old male presenting with fever and erythroderma who developed typical clinical and laboratory findings consistent with diagnosis of HLH according to HLH-2004 guidelines. Despite receiving etoposide based chemotherapy, the patient succumbed rapidly from progressive HLH. This case high lightened the diagnostic challenge and the need for keeping a high index of suspicion for promptly diagnosis and treatment of this potentially life threatening condition as clinical features and laboratory investigations are non specific.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 166-176
A Young Male with Quadriparesis and Skin Lesions
Authors: Anam Ahmad Mursel , Shumy Farzana , Chowdhury MA Jalil
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 181-183
Le culte des eaux dans le Nord de la Gaule pendant le haut Moyen Age
Authors: Desmet Yves
Published: June 2016

The Water Cults in Northern Gaul in the Higher Middle Ages.

The water cults are a religious practice that, as early as Antiquity, didn't address water as such, but rather deities whose healing powers passed through the water of springs and wells. This explains the persistance of such practices and their integration in the cults of saints in spite of the numerous interdictions proclaimed by the Church during the higher Middle Ages. This integration is visible in all the aspects of the cult of the saints : practices close to the sanctuaries, completion of the Vitae (sometimes through mythology), miracles carried out by the saints, later legends justifying a cult... Yet, one must realize that this is an area where the creation of sacredness is very active. It is thus extremely difficult to ascertain the perennitiality of a cult site throughout the pagan and Christian centuries.
Forks in the Road of Men’s Gender Politics: Men’s Rights vs Feminist Allies
Authors: Messner Michael A
Published: June 2016

How do men respond to feminist movements and to shifts in the gender order?  In this paper, I introduce the concept of historical gender formation to show how shifting social conditions over the past forty years shaped a range of men’s organized responses to feminism. Focusing on the US, I show how progressive men reacted to feminism in the 1970s by forming an internally contradictory ‘men’s liberation’ movement that soon split into opposing anti-feminist and pro-feminist factions. Three large transformations of the 1980s and 1990s – the professional institutionalization of feminism, the rise of a postfeminist sensibility, and shifts in the political economy (especially deindustrialization and the rise of the neoliberal state) – generated new possibilities. I end by pointing to an emergent moderate men’s rights discourse that appeals to a postfeminist sensibility, and to an increasingly diverse base for men’s work to prevent violence against women.
Masculist Groups in Poland: Aids of Mainstream Antifeminism
Authors: Wojnicka Katarzyna
Published: June 2016

This paper addresses the role masculist groups currently play in fostering resistance to feminist-influenced efforts to advance the autonomy and equality of women in Poland, where the strong influence of the Polish Catholic Church continues to shape attitudes and actions in professional, governmental and civil society spheres. The paper argues that Polish public discourse since 1989 has been strongly dominated by antifeminist rhetoric advanced by masculist groups. This rhetoric is not only used in the media and in political discourse; it also influences legislation and thus hinders efforts to secure a satisfactory level of equality for women, evidenced in struggles over abortion reform, the Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women, and the trivialisation of rape. The findings of the paper are based on qualitative social research on men’s social movements in Poland between 2009 and 2012 and on qualitative media discourse analysis of articles published between 2009 and 2014.
The Harper Government's New Right Neoliberal Agenda and the Dismantling of Status of Women Canada and the Family Violence Initiative
Authors: Mann Ruth M
Published: June 2016

This paper situates the Harper government’s 2006 restructuring and effective dismantling of Status of Women Canada and its 2011 take down of the approximate 12,000 volume online library of the federal Family Violence Initiative in relation to two developments. These are the ascendant influence of men’s rights and other antifeminist activism in Canada and globally; and the concurrent rise of a Hayekian-animated New Right neoliberal agenda intent on subordinating civil society and democratic rule to the forces of twenty-first century global capitalism. The paper contends that anti-feminism is among a host of neoconservative forces that the New Right instrumentalizes to augment and advance and its neoliberal agenda. For the New Right, however, the enemy is not gender equality or feminism per se but rather the market inhibiting commitment to social justice that feminism participates in and advances.
Defending Battered Women in the Public Sphere
Authors: Sheehy Elizabeth
Published: June 2016

This commentary draws upon the work of feminist media scholars and those who study the strategies of men’s rights activists to reflect upon the media and men’s rights reaction to the publication of the author’s book on battered women who kill. The parallels between the responses from these two sources prompt the author to make suggestions as to how the men’s rights materials might be used to enable more productive media engagement by feminist authors.