bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Okul yöneticilerinin mesleki gelişimi: Etkinlikler, engeller ve öneriler
Authors: BOZKURT Bayram
Published: May 2023

Araştırmada okul yöneticilerinin mesleki gelişimlerini sağlamak amacıyla neler yaptıkları, mesleki gelişimin önündeki engelleri, hangi konularda mesleki gelişime ihtiyaç duydukları ve sürdürülebilir mesleki gelişimleri ile ilgili önerileri ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenoloji (olgubilim) deseni ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 19 okul yöneticisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada katılımcıların çeşitliliği yaş, branş, okul kademesi, öğrenim durumu, yönetimdeki görevi, öğretmenlikteki mesleki kıdemi, okul yöneticiliği görev süresi, okul yöneticiliğine ilişkin eğitimlere katılıp katılmadığı gibi kriterler aracılığı ile sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığı ile toplanan verilerin değerlendirilmesi içerik analizi yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda araştırmacı tarafından yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu hazırlanmıştır. Görüşme formu araştırmaya katılan okul yöneticilerinin kişisel bilgilerinin yer aldığı bölüm ile 6 açık uçlu sorunun yer aldığı iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda okul yöneticileri mesleki gelişimleri konusunda çoğunlukla hizmet içi eğitimlere katıldığını belirtmişlerdir. Mesleki gelişim etkinliklerinin yönetim becerilerini geliştirme açısından kendilerine, olumlu okul iklimi ve etkili örgütsel iletişim açısından okula katkıları olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. İş yükü yoğunluğunun mesleki gelişimlerine katılım konusunda kendilerine engel oluşturduğunu ve iletişim becerilerini geliştirme konusunda mesleki gelişim etkinliklerine ihtiyaç duyduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Sürdürülebilir mesleki gelişim için ise daha sık, daha çok sayıda ve ihtiyaca yönelik hizmet içi eğitimlerin gerçekleştirilmesi gerektiğini önermektedirler.
O uso de antidepressivos tricíclicos no tratamento de enxaquecas: uma abordagem literária
Authors: Nogueira Karen Araujo , Silva Maria do Socorro Santos , Oliveira Kelly Beatriz Vieira de
Published: May 2023

O estudo aborda a contribuição significativa para a análise do tratamento farmacológico da enxaqueca que se trata de uma desordem neurovascular que consiste em reações neuromusculares anormais em indivíduos geneticamente vulneráveis que pode ser tratada com o uso de antidepressivos tricíclicos, o objeto do presente estudo.  O estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, com abordagem qualitativa. Foi efetuado entre novembro de 2022 a março de 2023 o levantamento bibliográfico por meio da plataforma da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) a consulta de artigos nas seguintes bases de dados: BDENF, LILACS e Pubmed. Os resultados apontaram o uso de antidepressivos tricíclicos no tratamento de enxaquecas de acordo com os tipos de crises, considerando o potencial de dor para o seu respectivo controle farmacológico. Através do estudo constatou-se que o uso de antidepressivos tricíclicos no tratamento de enxaquecas deve ter o uso criterioso no tratamento agudo e a eliminação de fatores de risco para dores de cabeça, que podem compartilhar clara e significativamente a dor causada em muitos pacientes, mas, pode ser citado a existência de outros medicamentos tem se mostrado eficaz no tratamento de dores de cabeça com os antidepressivos entre outros.
Reabilitação com implantes em maxila atrófica por meio de cirurgia guiada utilizando a técnica “All-on-four”
Authors: Moreira Thais Cristina Araújo , Costa Samuel Oliveira , Silva Junior Eduardo Vieira da , Quidute Lara Teixeira Campelo , Cravinhos Julio Cesar de Paulo , Firmiano Chiara Santabaya Colares , Valente  Valdimar da Silva
Published: May 2023

Atualmente diversas são as opções de reabilitação oral em pacientes edêntulos. Uma opção já validada na literatura por diversos estudos e que vem sendo uma alternativa ao uso desses enxertos para reabilitação oral, é o protocolo de reabilitação total implantossuportada denominado All-on-four. Essa técnica, inicialmente divulgada em 2003, vem se mostrando nas duas últimas décadas, uma opção favorável, por ser uma técnica rápida e segura para os pacientes dendentados totais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão de literatura e um relato de caso clínico, de um paciente com maxila atrófica, utilizando o protocolo All-on-four e reabilitando com prótese implantossuportada. Para esse estudo buscou-se artigos nos bancos de dados PUBMED, Lilacs e Scielo. Foram buscados artigos com os termos implantes dentários, reabilitação oral, planejamento de prótese dentária e protocolo All-on-four, nos idiomas portugues e/ou inglês. Selecionou-se 34 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2003 e 2021. Além disso, relatou-se um caso clínico onde elegeu-se esse tipo de técnica para a reabilitação. O protocolo All-on-four vem avançando na área clínica e de pesquisa, apontando excelentes taxas de sucesso, inúmeras vantagens e alta taxa de aceitação pelos pacientes. O presente caso clínico apontou um protocolo de rápida execução, e com sucesso quanto à estética e função. Conclui-se que essa técnica é um método viável especialmente para mandíbulas edêntulas. Dentro dos limites do presente relato de caso, pode-se concluir que a técnica All-on-four pode ser considerada uma alternativa para reabilitação com implantes.
Explorando a videomodelação vocal para ensino de comportamento ecoico a crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA)
Authors: Espírito Santo Lady Anny Araújo do , Barros Romariz da Silva
Published: May 2023

Indivíduos diagnosticados com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) podem apresentar atraso no desenvolvimento do repertório verbal, como nas respostas ecoicas. É comum na prática fonoaudiológica o uso de pistas multissensoriais para estabelecer e refinar o repertório ecoico. Devido ao contexto de Pandemia da COVID-19 em 2021, o Conselho Federal de Fonoaudiologia (CFFa) determinou o uso de máscara cirúrgica ou N95 durante o atendimento ao paciente, sendo desencorajado o uso de máscaras transparentes. Nesse contexto, para mostrar ao paciente um modelo vocal visual a ser reproduzido, o CFFa orientou ao fonoaudiólogo utilizar gravações em vídeo ilustrativas de modelos vocais. Visto que existe um déficit de conhecimento empírico relacionado a essa recomendação, o presente estudo buscou verificar se pistas visuais multissensoriais apresentadas por meio de vídeos seriam eficazes para atingir acurácia de fala de respostas ecoicas em indivíduos com TEA. Participaram três crianças com diagnóstico de TEA e Apraxia de Fala na Infância. Após a obtenção dos dados de controle com cada participante (em um desenho experimental de sujeito único com sondas múltiplas), o tratamento foi implementado com a introdução da videomodelação vocal. Os dados relatados mostram que apenas um participante conseguiu atingir a precisão de desempenho programada. O presente estudo, portanto, não confirmou a eficácia do procedimento e apontou a necessidade de pesquisas empíricas adicionais para aprimorar o uso de técnicas de videomodelação para ensinar comportamento ecoico para essa população. Um ponto de partida para estudos de tais variáveis de procedimento no ensino de repertório ecoico via videomodelação é fornecido aqui.
Instrumentos de avaliação da capacidade funcional em pacientes pós-Covid 19: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Sousa Vitória Rauena da Silva de , Alves Maria Letícia de Carvalho , Silva Eric da
Published: May 2023

“Covid Longo” é o termo utilizado para descrever uma doença encontrada em pessoas que se recuperaram da Covid 19, mas ainda relatam efeitos duradouros da infecção ou os sintomas usuais por muito mais tempo do que o esperado. O tratamento dessa afecção visa melhorar a capacidade funcional, aumentar a qualidade de vida, facilitar a reintegração social após a hospitalização, diminuir a fadiga, dispneia, ageusia e melhorar a capacidade de realizar atividades diárias. Sendo a avaliação de suma importância para a conduta do tratamento, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar, caracterizar e classificar os instrumentos de avaliação da capacidade funcional dos pacientes acometidos com o Covid Longo. Desse modo, foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PEDro, COCHRANE e PubMed, através dos descritores: “Long Covid”, “Post Covid syndrome”, “functional capacity”, “sequels Functional capacity tests” associados através dos operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Obteve-se 101 artigos através das buscas nas bases, logo após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram incluídos 6 estudos para análise. Através da análise dos trabalhos, foram identificados 20 instrumentos de avaliação divididos entre escalas, questionários e testes funcionais que transitam nas especialidades de avaliação cardiorrespiratória, neurológica e musculoesquelética, direcionadas para o manejo do paciente pós-Covid 19. Conclui-se, portanto, que existe uma variedade de instrumentos de avaliação para o manejo do paciente pós-Covid 19, havendo uma prevalência na avaliação cardiopulmonar. Além da parte respiratória, no domínio de avaliação musculoesquelética, o instrumento mais utilizado foi o teste de preensão manual por dinamometria.
Perfil epidemiológico e sociodemográfico de mulheres em situação de Violência Doméstica e Familiar em um município do sul da Bahia
Authors: Ferreira Maria do Rosário Andrade Barreto , Souza Karine Andrade Britto de , Silva Italo Emmanoel Silva e , Camargo Maria Cristina de , Ferreira Vitória Solange Coelho
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: descrever as características epidemiológicas, sociodemográficas e formas das ocorrências de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher registradas na Delegacia Especializada no Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM) no município de Itabuna, Bahia. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, que utilizou registros de ocorrências da DEAM, no município de Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil, no período de 2013 a 2020. Resultados: Durante o período de 2013 a 2020 foram registradas 8816 ocorrências de VDFCM, sendo que no ano de 2017 houve uma maior proporção (16,3%) de registros. Verificou-se que a maioria das mulheres eram pardas (84,3%), com idade entre 35-64 anos (40,7%), heterossexuais (99,3%), e residentes no Módulo 4 (34,5%). Além disso, prevaleceu a motivação por briga intrafamiliar (73,7%); o meio empregado outros (63,9%); e a violência psicológica (37,1%). Conclusões: A Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher no município de Itabuna apresentou tendência de redução dos registros de ocorrência de 2017 a 2020. Sugere-se a realização de novos estudos epidemiológicos analíticos longitudinais, assim como estudos com abordagens qualitativas, que investiguem as mulheres em situação de violência, os perpetradores da violência, e/ou os serviços voltados para o atendimento de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher.
Eventos adversos com o uso do ácido hialurônico na HOF – Uma revisão narrativa da literatura
Authors: Sim Alessandro Ferrarezi do , Suguihara Roberto Teruo , Muknicka Daniella Pilon
Published: May 2023

Com o aumento de pessoas à procura por procedimentos estéticos, principalmente os faciais, inúmeras técnicas e materiais surgiram no mercado da harmonização orofacial (HOF). Entre os materiais destaca-se o preenchimento com uso do ácido hialurônico (AH) injetável. Sendo uma substância natural e encontrada no próprio corpo humano, sua aplicabilidade ganhou escala e adeptos. Por apresentar meia-vida curta, técnicas de purificação e reticulação (Cross-linking) foram acrescentadas pela indústria propiciando produtos com maior densidade, pureza e durabilidade. Inevitavelmente, o aumento escalar do uso dessa substância proporcionalmente fez subir o número de relatos de efeitos adversos. Dentre os causadores dessas adversidades destacam-se a inabilidade de operadores, técnicas incorretas de aplicação, desconhecimento dos produtos, além de fatores orgânicos inerentes ao próprio indivíduo. Os efeitos adversos são classificados como precoces e tardios, sendo os mais comuns: edema, eritema, equimose, hematoma, infecção, nódulos, necrose, complicações vasculares, granulomas, reações alérgicas e cicatrizes. Crioterapia, compressa, uso de antibióticos, corticoides sistêmicos e intralesionais, além da hialuronidase, fazem parte da gama de procedimentos que fazem parte do tratamento para combater esses efeitos adversos.
Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Kulit Batang Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) melalui Studi In Silico dan Prediksi Profil Farmakokinetika
Authors: Wibisono Nugroho , Martino Yoyon Arif
Published: May 2023

Alstonia scholaris is a medicinal plant from the Apocynaceae family. Alstonia scholaris stem bark have some medicinal properties, but their effect on antidiabetics mechanisms is still unclear. Alstonia scholaris stem bark have some active compounds such as Echitamine, Beta Sitosterol, Lupeol, Alpha Amyrin Acetate, and Betulinic Acid. Present study was designed to find out the best active compounds of A. scholaris as a potential therapeutics agent against diabetes mellitus. This study involved the molecular docking of 3D structures of those active compounds into GLUT-1 receptor protein, visualized their result using Biovia Discovery Studio and pharmacokinetics profile prediction analysis using pkCSM web page. The molecular docking result show that Echitamine (-8,7 kcal/mol) have the lower energy compared to glibenclamide (-9,6 kcal/mol). Based on pkCSM web page, Echitamine were have a good pharmacokinetics profile.
Toddlers filming and parents take part and are involved: parenting in the age of digital cameras
Authors:   Oranim Academic College, Friedman Ariel
Published: May 2023

מגיל צעיר ילדוֺת וילדים היום מוקפים באמצעי תקשורת דיגיטליים, ניידים ואינטראקטיביים. החשיפה ההולכת וגוברת של פעוטות למסכים עשויה להיות הזדמנות להתפתחות, משחק ולמידה, אך עלולה להיות גם מזיקה. הורים לפעוטות מדווחים על היעדר כלים להעריך את התאמתם של תכנים ברשת ושל אמצעי התקשורת הדיגיטליים לילדיהם. המחקר הנוכחי בחן את מעורבותם הפעילה של ההורים בתוכנית לימודים ניסיונית שנערכה בגן לגילאי שלוש עד ארבע, המבוססת על צילום במצלמות דיגיטליות. הורי הילדים קיבלו עליהם לבצע מטלות צילומיות משותפות עם ילדיהם, והמחקר בחן את תרומת התוכנית לילדים ולמבוגרים שבסביבתם בטיפוח אוריינות חזותית. שאלת המחקר הייתה כיצד תיווכו הגננת וההורים לילדים את השימוש במצלמה לצורכי למידה והנאה וכיצד הם תופסים ומעריכים את תצלומי הפעוטות. שאלה נוספת הייתה כיצד תיווך משותף זה, שיוצר רצף חינוכי, תורם לרכישת מיומנויות חזותיות ודיגיטליות של הילדים והילדות. המחקר התבסס על כלי מחקר איכותניים מגוונים שכללו תיעוד מצולם של הילדים בווידאו ובתמונות סטילס, שיחות עם ההורים ועם הגננת וניתוח של תוכנית הלימודים הניסיונית ותוצריה הצילומיים. הראיונות והתצפיות מעידים כי הצלחת התוכנית קשורה לתיווך החינוכי ולשיתוף האינטגרלי של ההורים בצילום עם הילדים. ומכאן עולה המסקנה כי תהליך חינוכי מתמשך שבו פעוטות חווים בבית ובגן תהליכים מקבילים המחזקים אלה את אלה מניב אוריינות חזותית ודיגיטלית מיטיבה. תיווך הורי משתתף, כמו זה המוצע כאן בהקשר של צילום, יכול להיות מיושם גם ביחס לאמצעים דיגיטליים אחרים
The story of the gifted child in the media – characteristics and optimal teaching methods
Authors:   Gordon Academic College of Education GACE, Rudin Shai , Turin ornat ,   Gordon Academic College of Education GACE
Published: May 2023

מחקר זה עוסק במאפייני הסיפר של דמות הילד המחונן, מוריו ודרכי החינוך המיטיבות עימו במופעיו במדיה. שיטת המחקר היא קריאה צמודה וניתוח תמטי של יצירות קולנועיות וסדרות טלוויזיה שהומלצו בכמה רשימות באתרי אינטרנט פופולריים וחינוכיים ישראליים וכלליים. הניתוח העלה כי דמותו של הילד המחונן ביצירות הללו משעתקת את סיפור סינדרלה ומבנָה דמות שבאה מסביבה נחשלת, מתגברת על קשיים וזוכה לתהילה, ובתוך כך משלמת מחיר חברתי הנובע מחסר במיומנויות חברתיות. המרחב החינוכי מקבל מקום מרכזי ביצירות, ודמותו של הילד או הילדה המחוננים זוכה להגשים את מתת האל שקיבלו הודות למורים המזהים את כישרונם ופורשים עליהם את חסותם. דרכי ההוראה של המנטורים הללו שוברות את מוסכמות החינוך הפורמלי, ופריצת הגבולות מאפשרת למחונן את מיצוי הפוטנציאל הטמון בו. בחלקו האחרון של המאמר אנו בוחנים דרכים נכונות של הוראה, למידה והכלת מחוננים המסתמנות לאור ניתוח מוצרי המדיה. בין השאר אנו מציעים הכשרה מתאימה לפרחי הוראה שתיתן מידע על אודות מאפייני הקבוצה וכלים ליישומה של פדגוגיה מותאמת, שיתוף הורי מחוננים בתהליך החינוכי והנהגת שיח בכיתות שיפעל לניפוץ סטראוטיפים על המחוננים, בדגש על המחיר המגדרי שמחוננים משלמים.
İtalyan Gezgin Pietro Della Valle'nin “Mektuplar”Inda Safevi-Osmanlı İlişkileri
Authors: MEHTİZADE Sayad
Published: May 2023

15. yüzyılın ortalarında Avrupa'da büyük bir panik yaşanmıştı. Bu panik Fatih Sultan Mehmed'in 1453 yılında Konstantiniyye'yi fethetmesi sonucunda kısa sürede Batı'ya doğru hızla ilerlemesi ile ilgiliydi. Avrupa devletleri, acilen Türk tehditine karşı büyük işlemler görmeye ve Türk karşıtı bir blok oluşturulmasına başlamışlardı. Azerbaycan'ı bu bloğa çekmek için kapsamlı bir politika izleniyordu. Amaç Azerbaycan'ı Osmanlı Devleti'ne karşı savaşa sokmak, iki güçlü Türk devletini birbiriyle savaştırmak, ikisini de zayıflatmak ve yok etmekti. Bu nedenle birbiri ardına Avrupa diplomatları Türkiye'ye ve Azerbaycan'a gönderiliyordu. Yazımızda kaleme aldığımız gezgin Pietro della Valle, devlet tarafından gönderilen elçi değildi ama onun da amacının diplomatların amaçlarından hiçbir farkı yoktu. Gezgin, Kızılbaş ordusuna katılarak Türklere karşı savaşmak istiyordu. 1614-1615'te Türkiye'de, 1617-1621'de ise Safevi devletinin İsfahan şehrinde yaşamış Pietro della Valle, Safevi-Osmanlı savaşlarınının şahidi olmuş, gördüklerini kendi kanaatince tahlil etmiş ve dostu Mario Skipanoya yazmıştır. Bu yazımızda gezginin mektuplarına dayanarak Safevi-Osmanlı ilişkilerini takip edecek ve yazdığı bilgileri tenkit ve tahlil edeceğiz. Tarihi geçmişe bakmaktaki amacımız gelecekte bu tür tuzaklara düşmemek, her zaman savaştan değil barıştan yana olmak, birlik olup el ele vererek ülkelerimizin vatandaşlarının barış ve huzur içinde yaşamasını sağlamaktır.
1980 Sonrası Dönemde Türkiye’de Konut Politikaları: Hükümet Programları Üzerinden Bir İnceleme
Authors: USTA Sefa , ULUSOY Ali Ender
Published: May 2023

Hükümetlerin yapmayı veya yapmamayı tercih ettikleri şeyler olarak tanımlanan kamu politikaları içerisinde konut politikaları önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Konut politikalarında, toplumun farklı aktörleri rol oynasa da temel belirleyici aktör resmî kurumlardır. Buradan hareketle, hükümetler tarafından ortaya konulan hükümet programları konut politikalarının şekillenmesinde önemli bir yol haritası çizmektedir. Türkiye’de 1980 sonrası süreçte siyasal ve yönetsel alanda meydana gelen değişim ve dönüşüm konut politikalarını da etkilemiştir. Bu çerçevede, 1980 sonrası süreçte Türkiye’de konut politikalarının gelişiminin, hükümet programları çerçevesinde incelenmesi çalışmanın temel amaç ve hedefidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan çalışma kapsamında, ilk olarak 1980 öncesi dönemde Türkiye’de konut politikaları genel hatlarıyla ele alınmakta, 1980 sonrası süreçte konut politikalarındaki dönüşüm irdelenmektedir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi ve tarihsel yöntemden yararlanılan çalışmanın temel bulguları; hükümetler tarafından oluşturulan programların dönemsel bazda farklılık gösterdiği, özellikle 2000 sonrası süreçteki hükümet programlarında toplu konut uygulamalarına ve hedeflerine daha fazla yer verildiğidir.
An Interdisciplinary Approach and Advanced Techniques for Enhanced 3D-Printed Upper Limb Prosthetic Socket Design: A Literature Review
Authors: Xu Kai , Qin Shengfeng
Published: May 2023

This review investigates the opportunities and challenges of interdisciplinary research in upper limb prosthetic (ULP) socket design and manufacturing, which is crucial for improving the lives of individuals with limb loss. By integrating various disciplines, such as engineering, materials science, biomechanics, and health care, with emerging technologies such as 3D printing, artificial intelligence (AI), and virtual reality (VR), interdisciplinary collaboration can foster innovative solutions tailored to users’ diverse needs. Despite the immense potential, interdisciplinary research faces challenges in effective communication, collaboration, and evaluation. This review analyses pertinent case studies and discusses the implications of interdisciplinary research, emphasizing the importance of fostering a shared understanding, open communication, and institutional innovation. By examining technological advancements, user satisfaction, and prosthetic device usage in various interdisciplinary research examples, invaluable insights and direction for researchers and professionals seeking to contribute to this transformative field are provided. Addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities offered by interdisciplinary research can significantly improve upper limb prosthetic socket design and manufacturing, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for users worldwide.
A Multilayered and Multifactorial Health Assessment Method for Launch Vehicle Engine under Vibration Conditions
Authors: Lin Ruliang , Huang Lijing , Liu Zhiwen , Zhou Xuehua , Zhou Zhiguo
Published: May 2023

Sixty percent of the failures of launch vehicles in the ascending phase occur in the propulsion system. Among them, the vibration generated by the engine is an important factor in the occurrence of failure. At present, health assessment methods in the aerospace field are mostly for specific equipment, and scholars mostly assess the real-time health status of launch vehicle engines which can only reflect the current health status of the launch vehicle. Existing methods cannot be applied to different equipment, and there is a lack of research on health assessments of fuzzy and complex mechanical systems. In this article, we propose a multi-layer and multi-factor predictive evaluation method for a fuzzy and complex system and conduct experiments on real vibration data of rockets. First, we divide the health assessment level according to the vibration data that affect the normal operation of the rocket. Secondly, we obtain the future trend of vibration signals based on five data prediction methods and calculate the health status interval of the rocket engine’s working conditions based on the boxplot method. At the same time, we calculate the single health evaluation set of every vibration signal. We obtain the weights of each level and factor for the health value based on an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The optimization of this step avoids an over-reliance on expert experience. Finally, we complete a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the engine system from the bottom up to obtain the final health value. The minimum evaluation error is 0.0193% on the test data of the Long March series launch vehicle engine, which shows that the proposed method can successfully predict and evaluate the launch vehicle engine.
Numerical Analysis Results of Debonding Damage Effects for an SHM System Application on a Typical Composite Beam
Authors: Diodati Gianluca , Sorrentino Assunta , Pellone Lorenzo , Concilio Antonio , Ciminello Monica , Apuleo Gianvito , Shoham Shay , Kressel Iddo , Bardenstein David
Published: May 2023

In the aeronautical field, the damage that occurs to a carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) structure analysis is a crucial point for further improving its capability and performance. In the current the state of the art, in fact, many issues are linked to the certification process more than to technological aspects. For the sake of clarity, it should be added that regulations call for technological solutions that are invasive (in terms of weight and manufacturing costs) or exploit technologies that are not fully mature. Thus, the truth is in between the above statements. One of the possible solutions to bypass this issue is the assessment of a structural health monitoring system (SHM) that is sufficiently reliable to provide a full-state representation of the structure, automatically, perhaps in real-time, with a minimum intervention of specialized technicians, and that can raise an alert for safe maintenance whenever necessary. Among the different systems that have been proposed in the scientific and technological literature, SHM systems based on strain acquisitions seem very promising: they deduce the presence of flaws by analysing the variations of the intimate response of the structure. In this context, the SHM using fibre optics, supported by a dedicated algorithm, seems to be able to translate the effects of the damage reading the strain field. This means that is necessary to have a full comprehension of the flaws’ effects in terms of strain variation to better formulate a strategy aimed at highlighting these distortions. It should be remarked that each type of damage is distinct; imperfections of the bonding line are herein targeted since the quality of the latter is of paramount importance for ensuring the correct behaviour of the referred structure. This presents paper focuses on a deep investigation on the strain field peculiarities that arise after the imposition of irregularities in the adhesive region. The aim is to explore the damage dimension versus its effect on the strain map, especially when bonding connects different parts of a complex composite beam. By means of finite element method applied on a typical aeronautical beam, a parametric numerical simulation was performed in order to establish the influence of a debonding dimension on a reference strain map. This work provides evidence that these effects on strain flaw decrease the distancing itself of the damage. The knowledge of these effects can be highly helpful during the design of a preliminary phase of an SHM system in order to choose the most suitable sensor in terms of reading sensitivity error, the number to be used, and their location.
Production of Sweet Sorghum Bio-Feedstock on Technosol Using Municipal Sewage Sludge Treated with Flocculant, in Ukraine
Authors: Kharytonov Mykola , Martynova Nadia , Babenko Mykhailo , Rula Iryna , Ungureanu Nicoleta , Ștefan Vasilica
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the influence of sewage sludge (SS) on the biometric parameters, absorption of mineral elements and thermal characteristics of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grown on Technosol. Two types of sewage sludge were used: unmodified and modified with DAMET flocculant. Each type of sludge was applied in three doses (expressed as dry matter basis, DM): 20 t DM/ha, 40 t DM/ha and 60 t DM/ha, respectively. The yield of fresh biomass depended on the dose of sewage sludge: it increased by 14.5–41% and reached 104.6 t/ha after application of the sewage sludge with flocculant at a maximum rate of 60 t/ha. Sorghum biomass actively absorbs nutrients from the soil. Nitrogen was absorbed more actively; depending on the type and dose of sewage sludge application, its content in biomass increased from 12–40% (dose of 20 t/ha) to 80–112% (dose of 60 t/ha). By content in sorghum biomass, essential elements can be arranged in descending order as follows: Fe → Mn → Zn → Cu. Sorghum shows a low ability to accumulate some heavy metals in aboveground biomass. Despite the fact that large doses of sewage sludge contributed to an increase in the content of nickel, cadmium and lead in the substrate by 1.8–5.6 times, the ratio of the content of these elements in plants to the content in the substrate remained low. Sewage sludge affects the process of thermal degradation of sorghum biomass. The decomposition of the main components occurs at lower temperatures, and, as a rule, at higher rates. Sewage sludge (especially with flocculant) contributes to a more complete combustion of biomass. The results showed that sewage sludge with flocculant at a dose of 40 t/ha is the most optimal fertilizer option for growing sweet sorghum on such Technosols as loess-like loam.
Laboratory-Scaled Investigation into Combined Impacts of Temporal Rainfall Patterns and Intensive Tillage on Soil and Water Loss
Authors: Wang Yong , Jin Yulian , Wang Jiaqi , Ma Zhenzhen , Liu Xing , Liang Xinlan
Published: May 2023

Many studies have focused on the impacts of rainfall duration and intensity, while overlooking the role of rainfall patterns on intensive tillage erosion in hilly agricultural landscapes. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of rainfall patterns and tillage erosion on surface runoff and soil loss on sloping farmland in the purple soil area of China. Five simulated rainfall patterns (constant, rising, falling, rising–falling, and falling–rising) with the same total precipitation were designed, and the intensive tillage treatment (IT) and no-tillage treatment (NT) were subjected to simulated rainfall using rectangular steel tanks (2 m × 5 m) with a slope of 15°. To analyse the differences in the hydrological characteristics induced by tillage erosion, we calculated the flow velocity (V), Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), and Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient (f). The results indicate that significant differences in surface runoff and sediment yield were found among different rainfall patterns and rainfall stages (p < 0.05). The falling pattern and falling–rising pattern had a shorter time gap between the rainfall initiation and runoff occurrence as well as a larger sediment yield than those of the other rainfall patterns. The value of f varied from 0.30 to 9.05 for the IT and 0.48 to 11.57 for the NT and exhibited an approximately inverse trend to V and Fr over the course of the rainfall events. Compared with the NT, the mean sediment yield rates from the IT increased the dynamic range of 8.34–16.21% among the different rainfall patterns. The net contributions of the IT ranged from 2.77% to 46.39% in terms of surface runoff and 10.14–78.95% in terms of sediment yield on sloping farmland. The surface runoff and sediment yield were positively correlated with rainfall intensity, V, and Fr, but negatively correlated with f irrespective of tillage operation (p < 0.05). The results showed that the tillage erosion effects on soil and water loss were closely related to rainfall patterns in hilly agricultural landscapes. Our study not only sheds light on the mechanism of tillage erosion and rainfall erosion but also provides useful insights for developing tillage water erosion prediction models to evaluate soil and water loss on cultivated hillslopes.
Characterization of Starch Physicochemical Properties and Grain Transcriptome Reveal the Mechanism for Resistant Starch Accumulation
Authors: Liu Sujun , Du Chenyang , Feng Jianchao , Jia Yuku , Hao Zirui , Xie Yingxin , Wang Chenyang , Ma Dongyun
Published: May 2023

Understanding the physicochemical properties of starch during grain development and the mechanism for resistant starch (RS) accumulation will provide useful information for improving the RS content of wheat. The grains from wheat mutant lines with high RS contents and their corresponding wild-type control were analyzed to characterize the structural and physicochemical properties of wheat starch. A transcriptomic analysis was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in RS accumulation. The results showed that the RS content increased with grain development, along with the total starch content, but a larger increase was observed in the middle and later stages of grain filling. The X-ray diffraction peak intensity and relative crystallinity of starch exhibited the lowest and highest values at 10 days after anthesis, respectively. Regarding the thermal properties of starch, the peak temperature and conclusion temperature generally decreased with grain development; however, the enthalpy values showed no apparent regularity. Compared to control cultivar ZM22, the RS639 and RS683 lines with high RS contents showed high amylose contents and high relative crystallinity and a large proportion of 2.0~9.8 µm starch granules. Furthermore, the transcriptomics analysis revealed that the average relative expression of the glucan-branching enzyme (GBE) α-1,4 glucan phosphorylase (Pho) and starch synthase (SS) in ZM22 was 2.47-, 2.70-, and 2.56-fold higher than that in RS639, respectively; which indicates that the downregulation of the expression of genes encoding GBE, Pho, and SS in wheat grain promotes the accumulation of RS.
Current Risk of Dirofilariosis Transmission in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and the Balearic Islands (Spain) and Its Future Projection under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Rodríguez-Escolar Iván , Hernández-Lambraño Ricardo E. , Sánchez-Agudo José Ángel , Collado Manuel , Pérez-Pérez Patricia , Morchón Rodrigo
Published: May 2023

Dirofilariosis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease whose distribution is linked to the presence of culicid mosquitoes. Spain and Portugal are considered endemic countries; however, the distribution of dirofilariosis is not uniform. Our aim was to develop a more accurate risk model of dirofilariosis transmission for the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and the Balearic Islands (Spain). To do this, we used a set of key variables related to parasite transmission: the potential distribution of suitable habitats for Culex pipiens calculated via an ecological niche model (ENM) and the potential number of Dirofilaria spp. generations. The resulting model was validated with the prevalence and geolocation of D. immitis-infected dogs from all provinces and districts. In addition, the impact of possible future climatic conditions was estimated. A quantitative estimate of the risk of infection by Dirofilaria spp. was obtained at a resolution of 1 km2. The entire analyzed territory was susceptible to contact with the parasite. The highest risk of infection was found throughout the eastern coastal strip and the south of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, as well as in the areas surrounding the basins of the main rivers, and the lowest risk was located in the higher-altitude areas. We found a robust and positive relationship between the risk of dirofilariosis and the observed prevalence of infested dogs in the study area (β ± SE = 3.32 ± 1.43 p < 0.05). In 2080, the percentage of territory gain for Cx. pipiens will increase to 49.98%, which will increase the risk of infection. This new model provides a high predictive value for the current and predicted presence and risk and can serve as a tool for the management and control of dirofilariosis.
Randomised Control Trial Investigating the Efficacy of Meloxicam and Sodium Salicylate Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Calf Cautery Disbudding
Authors: Prior Stephanie , Blackie Nicola , Fishwick John , Mahendran Sophie A.
Published: May 2023

Disbudding calves using hot iron cautery is a routine management procedure to destroy the germinal cells around the horn bud in calves. It is recommended that NSAIDs are used in conjunction with local anaesthesia to reduce pain in calves during and after the procedure. In this study, two treatment groups were examined; calves in the positive control MEL group received subcutaneous meloxicam, and SAL calves received sodium salicylate orally for three days, both in addition to a local anaesthesia. Tri-axis accelerometers were attached to the calves, and DLWG (Daily Live Weight Gain) was measured. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups with regard to DLWG (p = 0.52), MI (motion index (p = 0.66)), lying bouts (p = 0.96) or lying times (p = 0.54). Given these findings, sodium salicylate may offer a lower-cost option for farmers when given at licensed doses compared to meloxicam, as well as providing a reduced-stress method of NSAID administration via an oral route. In addition, this study identified significant differences in activity in the time periods before and after disbudding, with MI (p < 0.01), lying bouts (p = 0.002) and lying times (p < 0.001) indicating changes in behaviour which extended to five days post disbudding.
Dietary ARA, DHA, and Carbohydrate Ratios Affect the Immune Status of Gilthead Sea Bream Juveniles upon Bacterial Challenge
Authors: Magalhães Rui , Martins Nicole , Fontinha Filipa , Olsen Rolf Erick , Serra Claudia Reis , Peres Helena , Oliva-Teles Aires
Published: May 2023

This study aims to assess the effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios and CHO content in the immune response of gilthead seabream. For that purpose, gilthead sea bream juveniles (initial body weight = 47.5 g) were fed for 84 days with four isoproteic (47% crude protein) and isolipidic (18% crude lipids) diets with high (20%) or low (5%) level of gelatinized starch (HS or LS diets, respectively) and included approximately 2.4% ARA or DHA. At the end of the trial, the DHA-enriched groups presented increased red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, plasmatic nitric oxide (NO) content, and antiprotease and alternative complement activities. The ARA groups had increased thrombocyte count, and plasmatic bactericidal activity against Vibrio anguillarum was lower in the fish fed the ARA/LS diet. After the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of killed Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) and sampled at 4 and 24 h after the challenge. At 4 h after i.p., the ARA groups presented increased plasma total immunoglobulins (Ig) and bactericidal activity against V. anguillarum. In addition, the fish fed the ARA/LS diet presented lower white blood cell (WBC) and alternative complement activity. At 24 h after i.p., the ARA groups presented increased RBC, WBC, and thrombocyte numbers, total IG, plasma peroxidase activity, and casp3 expression in the distal intestine. The HS groups presented increased plasma NO content and bactericidal activity against Phdp and decreased protease, antiprotease activity, and bactericidal activity against V. anguillarum. In conclusion, high dietary DHA levels seemed to improve the immune status of unchallenged gilthead sea bream juveniles, while high dietary ARA levels improved the fish immune response to a bacterial challenge. The energy provided by dietary starch seems to be important to promote a fast response by the fish immune system after a challenge.
Struggling Thermal Stress Impacts on Growth Performance and Health Status of Newly Weaned Rabbits Using Nanoemulsion of Origanum majorana Considering the Economic Efficiency of Supplementation
Authors: El-Raghi Ali Ali , Hassan Mahmoud A. E. , Hashem Nesrein M. , Abdelnour Sameh A.
Published: May 2023

With the recent trend of global warming, HS-instigated diminishing could extremely jeopardize animal health, productivity, and farm profit. Marjoram essential oil (MEOE) is a worthy source of wide range phytogenic compounds that may improve heat tolerance, redox and inflammatory homeostasis, and immunity of newly weaned rabbits, specifically if included in the diets in a nano form. One hundred newly weaned rabbits were randomly distributed into four homogeneous groups. The first group (control group) included rabbits that received basal diet without supplementation. In contrast, the other three groups included rabbits that received basal diets supplemented with 200 (MEONE200), 400 (MEONE400), and 800 (MEONE800) mg MEONE/kg diet, respectively. Among MEONE-treated groups and control groups, MEONE400 group showed the highest (p < 0.001) growth performance traits, including final body weight, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and the performance index. Compared to the control, all MEONE-supplemented groups possessed lower rectal temperatures and respiration rates, recording the lowest values in the MEONE400 group. The oxidative stress biomarkers and immunoglobulins G and M were significantly improved in the MEONE400 and MEONE800 compared with the control and MEONE200 groups. The addition of MEONE (400 or 800 mg/kg) decreased the concentrations of serum interleukin-4 (p = 0.0003), interferon gamma (p = 0.0004), and tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.0001) but significantly elevated (p < 0.001) the activity of nitric oxide, amyloid A and lysozyme. Liver functions (lower concentrations of liver enzymes) were significantly improved in all MEONE-treated groups compared to the control group. There was a considerable significant effect of dietary supplementation of MEONE400 on economic efficiency. In conclusion, the addition of 400 mg/kg to the diets of newly weaned rabbits can be recommended as an affective intervention to mitigate the negative impacts of HS.
Heterogeneity of Fish Taxonomic and Functional Diversity Evaluated by eDNA and Gillnet along a Mangrove–Seagrass–Coral Reef Continuum
Authors: Qiu Shuting , Ooi Jillian Lean Sim , Chen Weilin , Poong Sze-Wan , Zhang Han , He Weiyi , Su Shangke , Luo Hao , Hu Wenjia , Affendi Yang Amri , Du Jianguo , Loh Kar-Hoe
Published: May 2023

The effective and reliable monitoring of fish communities is important for the management and protection of marine ecosystems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a relatively new method that has been widely used in recent years, while traditional sampling via fish catching (i.e., gillnets) is one of the most common and reliable fish monitoring methods used to date. We compared the taxonomic and functional diversity of fish detected within a mangrove–seagrass–coral reef continuum using both survey methods. One liter seawater and gillnet samples were collected in August 2021 from mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and coral reef habitats (n = 3 each) in Hainan, China. Surveys using eDNA and gillnets identified 139 genera belonging to 66 families and 58 genera belonging to 42 families, respectively. Regardless of the survey method, fish detected in mangrove, seagrass and coral reef habitats were heterogeneous in their communities; however, the shared species between habitats suggest some degree of connectivity. There were no significant differences between habitats in terms of taxonomic and functional diversity, but a higher taxonomic diversity was detected using eDNA. Both methods were able to distinguish fish assemblages between different habitats; however, gillnet surveys performed better than eDNA surveys for distinguishing mangrove from seagrass assemblages. Therefore, the concurrent use of eDNA and gillnet survey methods provides a more comprehensive approach to understanding the heterogeneity of fish taxonomic and functional diversity along mangrove–seagrass–coral reef continuums.
Udder Ultrasonography of Dairy Cows: Investigating the Relationship between Echotexture, Blood Flow, Somatic Cell Count and Milk Yield during Dry Period and Lactation
Authors: Themistokleous Konstantinos S. , Papadopoulos Iraklis , Panousis Nikolaos , Zdragas Antonios , Arsenos Georgios , Kiossis Evangelos
Published: May 2023

Udder health of dairy cows is related to their productivity and welfare. The period from dry-off to calving and early lactation is crucial. Ultrasonography is a useful and practical tool for the examination of the mammary parenchyma and blood flow. This observational study investigated the relationship between udder echotexture features, blood flow volume (BFVol) in the milk vein, milk somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk yield (DMY) from late lactation, throughout the dry period and consecutive early lactation. Seventeen repeated measurements were performed on twenty-one Holstein cows. The udder parenchyma was examined with B-mode ultrasonography. Udder echotexture was studied using 15 features: Numerical Pixel Value (NPV), Pixel Standard Deviation (PSD), Skewness, Excess, Contrast, Homogeneity, Correlation, Entropy, Run Percentage, Long-Run Emphasis, Grey Value Distribution, Runlength Distribution, Gradient Mean Value, Gradient Variance and Percentage of Non-zero Gradients. Blood flow in the milk vein was examined with spectral Doppler. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to investigate relationships between BFVol, udder echotexture features, SCC and DMY throughout the study period. Our models showed that a 1 kg increase in DMY was associated with a significant increase of 0.25 L/min in the expected BFVol and that a 1,000,000-cells/mL increase in SCC was associated with a significant BFVol decrease of 0.49 L/min, keeping all other variables constant. Multivariable models showed significant associations between DMY and NPV, between PSD and Long-Run Emphasis, and between SCC and NPV, PSD, Gradient Mean Value, Homogeneity, Gradient Variance and Entropy. In conclusion, udder echotexture and BFVol in the milk vein are related to SCC and milk yield. Ultrasonography can be used for the comprehensive assessment of udder health in support of precision dairy farming.
Expression of Locally Produced Adipokines and Their Receptors during Different Physiological and Reproductive Stages in the Bovine Corpus Luteum
Authors: Thaqi Granit , Berisha Bajram , Pfaffl Michael W.
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to determine the gene expression of different local novel adipokines, such as vaspin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, and their known receptors, namely, heat shock 70 protein 5, adiponectin receptor 1, and adiponectin receptor 2, in the bovine corpus luteum (CL) during different phases of the estrous cycle (on days 1–2, 3–4, 5–7, 8–12, 13–18, >18) and pregnancy (at months 1–2, 3–4, 5–7, >7). The mRNA expression was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The mRNA expression levels were normalized to the geometric mean of all three constantly expressed reference genes (cyclophilin A, ubiquitin, ubiquitin C). Our findings suggest that adipokines are expressed and present in all investigated groups, and are specifically up- or downregulated during the estrus cycle and during pregnancy. Vaspin and adiponectin levels were upregulated in the middle and late cycle stages. Resistin was abundant during the CL regression stage and in the first months of pregnancy. The specific expression of adipokine receptors indicates their involvement in the local mechanisms that regulate CL function. Further investigations are required to elucidate the regulative mechanisms underlying the different local effects of adipokines on the ovarian physiology of cows.
The Evolution of Diet and Morphology in Insular Lizards: Insights from a Replicated Island Introduction Experiment
Authors: Donihue Colin M. , Herrel Anthony , Taverne Maxime , Foufopoulos Johannes , Pafilis Panayiotis
Published: May 2023

Resource-limited environments may drive the rapid evolution of phenotypic traits and ecological preferences optimizing the exploitation of resources. Very small islands are often characterized by reduced food availability, seasonal fluctuations in resources and strong unpredictability. These features may drive the evolution of phenotypic traits such as high bite forces, allowing animals to exploit a wider variety of the available resources. They may also lead to more generalist dietary patterns in response to food scarcity. However, the lack of predators and competitors on such small islands often also leads to high densities and the evolution of strong sexual dimorphism, which may also drive the evolution of bite force. Here, we take advantage of a unique replicated introduction experiment to test whether lizards introduced into very small islands alter their feeding ecology and use different resources, resulting in the evolution of a large body size, large head size and large bite forces. Our results show that three years after their introduction, the island lizards were larger and had greater bite forces and more pronounced sexual dimorphism. However, the diets were only marginally different between animals from the source population on a very large nearby island and those on the islets. Moreover, distinct differences in diet between animals on the different islets were observed, suggesting that the local environment is a strong driver of resource use. Overall, lizards with absolutely and relatively (adjusted for body size) large bite forces did eat larger and harder prey. Taken together, our data suggest that intraspecific competition is an important driver of the rapid evolution of bite force, which may allow these lizards to exploit the scarce and fluctuating resources on the islets. Whether or not lizards will evolve to include other types of food such as plants in their diet, facilitated by their large bite forces, remains to be explored in future studies.