bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steel Continuous Casting
Authors: Pehlke Robert D.
Published: December 2018

This article outlines the advantages of the steel continuous casting, along with its developments and challenges for improvement. It describes the process of the steel continuous casting. The article provides a description of the design and layout of a steelmaking facility for continuous casting of steel. It reviews the trends in the steel industry, such as near-net shape casting, the use of tundish metallurgy, and pouring stream protection. The article discusses the use and capabilities of different molds for steel continuous casting. These include thin-wall tube-type molds, solid molds, and plate molds. The article explains the operations for productivity improvements and quality improvements in steel continuous casting. It reviews the applications of horizontal continuous casting in casting steel. An emphasis on the development of continuous casting depending on control systems and automation, with the objective of maintaining high quality and high productivity, is also provided.
Die Casting Tooling
Authors: Twarog Daniel L.
Published: December 2018

This article examines how design and materials selection address diverse requirements, such as cost, speed, and quality requirements of the process paired with the functional requirements of conventional die casting tooling, specifically tooling for high-volume processes. It discusses considerations, including properties of the material being cast, capacity and operating parameters of the casting machines being used, and economics of post processing that are considered along with the functional requirements.
Steel Castings Properties
Authors: Poweleit David
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the mechanical properties of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, wear-resistant steels, corrosion-resistant steels, heat-resistant steels, and common alloys at both room and elevated temperature. It also provides information on the corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant applications of the common alloys.
Nickel and Nickel Alloy Castings
Authors: Kuyucak Selçuk
Published: December 2018

Nickel-base alloy castings are widely used in corrosive-media and high-temperature applications. This article begins with a discussion on the compositions of corrosion-resistant nickel-base casting alloys and heat-resistant nickel-base casting alloys. It describes the effects of aluminum and titanium on the structure and properties of nickel-base alloys. The article provides information on the melting, foundry, and pouring practices for nickel-base alloys. It describes the welding and heat treatment of the nickel-base casting alloys. The article concludes with information on the numerous applications of cast heat-resistant nickel-base alloys.
Nondestructive Testing of Components
Authors: DasGupta Rathindra
Published: December 2018

The commonly used nondestructive testing of cast products include liquid penetrant inspection, radiographic inspection, fluoroscopic inspection and automated defect recognition, ultrasonic inspection, eddy current inspection, process-controlled resonant testing (PCRT), leak test, and electrical conductivity measurements. This article summarizes the application of these nondestructive tests to castings. It also tabulates a partial list of automotive part types and materials amenable to PCRT and lists the potential limitations to the use of PCRT.
Repair Welding of Castings
Authors: Counselman Randall
Published: December 2018

Repair welding is a necessary operation for most fabricators and can cost more than the price of the original component if performed improperly. This article provides a discussion on the repair welding of castings for ferrous and nonferrous materials. The discussion focuses on surface preparation, weld repair process selection, joint selection, filler metal selection, weld repair considerations, deposition techniques, postweld heat treatment, and verification of weld repair quality.
Polyalphaolefin Lubricant Applications
Authors: Hope Ken
Published: December 2018

This article presents a brief discussion on the main applications for low- and high-viscosity polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and highlights key areas of interest and shows why PAOs are used in these applications. It discusses the physical properties of passenger car motor oils (PCMOs) based on or containing PAOs. The properties include Noack volatility and pour point. The article also discusses the properties and applications of heavy-duty engine oil (HDEO), industrial lubricants, food-grade lubricants, greases, transportation gear oils, compressor oils, hydraulic fluids, and transmission fluids.
Laboratory Testing Methods for Solid Friction
Authors: Budinski K.G.
Published: December 2018

This article describes the numerous techniques used to measure friction. It provides a brief description of the historical development of friction testing. The article discusses the tests and equipment available for friction testing. It explains the procedural considerations that should be addressed to ensure that valid data are derived from a friction test. The article presents definitions of terms commonly used in tribology such as static friction, kinetic coefficient of friction, stick-slip behavior, and lubricated friction. It provides information on the precautions that must be taken to ensure valid test results. The article also describes how to report data and how to analyze these data.
Fundamentals of Tribology in Machining
Authors: Schmitz Tony L.
Published: December 2018

Machining tribology poses a significant challenge due to the multiple parameters that must be simultaneously considered to arrive at a cost-minimized solution in production. This article provides information required to make informed decisions about machining parameters. It describes the relationships between machining parameters, workpiece material properties, cutting forces, and the corresponding temperature field in the chip. The article provides information on tool life, with an empirical model, common wear features, and the relationship between tool life and machining cost. The cutting fluids and their effect on tool life are also discussed. The article discusses machining process dynamics and corresponding vibrations. It contains a table that provides a summary of high-pressure coolant research.
Ionic Liquids as Lubricants or Lubricant Additives
Authors: Xiao Huaping , Liu Shuhai
Published: December 2018

This article introduces the structure, tribological properties, advantages, and applications of ionic liquids (ILs) as lubricating media. It discusses the mechanisms of IL lubrication for different contacts. The advances in studies focusing on tribological properties of a wide range of ILs are reviewed. The article concludes with the challenges that limit the applications of ILs in tribology engineering.
Friction and Wear of Carbon-Containing Composites
Authors: Berman Diana , Brostow Witold , Lobland Haley E. Hagg , Perez Jose M. , Khare Neelima
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the importance of friction and wear and the role of lubricants in composites. It highlights the progress and developments in using different forms of carbon allotropes in composites for improved friction and wear performance of materials. The article focuses on the widely used form known as carbon black (CB) and shows how to deal with friction and wear of polymers and composites when gamma irradiation is involved. It also discusses the role of graphite in composite materials, which is widely used as a dry lubricant. The article examines the tribology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as components in composite materials. It also highlights some of the most pronounced examples of graphene use as a reinforcement agent for improving tribological performance in composite matrices. The article concludes with a discussion on the progress of research in diamond-containing composites.
Wear Particle Analysis
Authors: Eliaz Noam
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on different aspects of wear particle analysis. It discusses the different wear regimes in the wear rate versus time (bathtub) curve. The article explains the essence of condition monitoring and how to properly sample lubricants for condition monitoring. It also discusses in-service lubricant analysis for condition monitoring, focusing on the spectrometric oil analysis program. The article describes the characteristics of wear particles and analytical techniques for characterizing them. It also describes the characteristics of different types of wear particles and the mechanisms by which they are generated. The article concludes with a summary of the major applications of wear particle analysis.
Tribology and Wear of Bearing Steels
Authors: Hager C.H. , Hannon W.M. , Bedekar V.M.
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the composition, properties and applications of bearing steels. It focuses on the typical wear modes that rolling-element bearings experience: contact fatigue wear, abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and corrosive wear. The article provides information on reliability factor and ABMA and ISO environmental factors.
Polishing Wear
Authors: Kato Koji
Published: December 2018

Current understanding of polishing wear involves a combination of abrasive, plastic flow, and tribochemical wear. This article explains these mechanisms and the correlation between them. Some explanations about practical polishing wear control, applications, and future prospects are also given. This article discusses the influence of size and number of wear particles on polishing at three abrasive wear modes. These include cutting, wedge forming, and plowing. The article concludes with information on applications and prospects of polishing wear control.
Friction and Wear of Sliding Bearings
Authors: Hirani Harish
Published: December 2018

Bearings are usually provided where a specific spatial relationship (alignment) must be maintained between the parts or where a force is to be transmitted from one part to the other. This article introduces the general types and configuration of sliding bearings, bearing materials, and the practical aspects and solutions in the friction, lubrication, and wear mitigation of sliding bearings. The lubrication of bearings includes thick-film lubrication, thin-film lubrication, and boundary lubrication. The article concludes with a discussion on the effects of material elasticity on the lubrication of bearings.
Tribocorrosion
Authors: Batchelor Andrew W.
Published: December 2018

Tribocorrosion is the subject dealing with complex, synergistic effects of chemical and mechanical conditions that cause wear. This article begins with a discussion on oxidative wear and corrosive wear, as well as quantitative measurements of corrosion, mechanical wear, and wear-corrosion effects. It illustrates the mechanism of corrosive-abrasive wear and discusses the factors affecting two-body wear. These factors include particle shape, size, density, and hardness; slurry velocity; slurry particle angle of attack; solids concentration in the slurry; hydrodynamic factors; corrosion products and the mass transfer of oxygen. The article describes slurry particle impingement tests and grinding tribocorrosion tests, as well as the factors to be considered for mitigating corrosive wear, such as materials selection, surface treatments, and environment modifications.
Lubrication and Wear in Sheet Forming
Authors: Dohda Kuniaki , Mahayotsanun Numpon , Funazuka Tatsuya
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the tribology of three main sheet forming processes: deep drawing, bending, and shearing. For each process, the basic principle of the forming process is briefly explained. Tribological phenomena observed in each process, such as wear and galling, are presented. Common methods of using lubricants and coatings in sheet forming processes are also described.
Creative Concept Development
Authors: Tuttle B. Lee
Published: December 2018

This article presents the definitions of creativity and creative thinking. It discusses the various stages in creative problem solving process. The stages include understanding the product problem, transforming the product, and breaking the product into subfunctional groups. The article provides a description of concept generating tools that are often arbitrarily described as individual or group tools. It concludes with a discussion on the application of creative concept generation in product design.
Design for Quality
Authors: Bralla James G.
Published: December 2018

This article describes how design can unfavorably affect product quality. It provides information on the total quality management philosophy, emphasizing the principles of quality management. The article discusses various methods for evaluating a product design for quality. It presents design guidelines that are intended to provide products with a potential for higher levels of quality.
Computer-Aided Electrical/Electronic Design
Authors: Devlin Shaun S.
Published: December 2018

Design and analysis of electrical/electronic systems and components tends to be different from the corresponding process for most mechanical and hydraulic systems. This article provides an overview of three overlapping phases followed in electrical design: functional, electrical, and physical. It also presents information on the simulation and testing carried out to evaluate the design behavior.
Design for Fracture Toughness
Authors: Blinn M.P. , Williams R.A.
Published: December 2018

Fracture toughness is the ability of a material to withstand fracture in the presence of cracks. This article focuses on the use of fracture toughness as a parameter for engineering and design purposes. Both linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics concepts are reviewed as they relate to fracture toughness and design process. The article explores the use of plane strain fracture toughness, crack-tip opening displacement, and the J-integral as the criteria for the design and safe operation of structures and mechanical components. It discusses the variables affecting fracture toughness, including yield strength, loading rate, temperature, and material thickness. A summary of different fatigue and fracture mechanics design philosophies and their relationship with fracture toughness is provided. The article concludes with information on the examples of fracture toughness in design.
Design for Composite Manufacture
Authors: Vizzini Anthony J.
Published: December 2018

The goal of design is to improve the overall performance of the metal or ceramic matrix rather than to create a material with different response than the base matrix. This article focuses on the design for manufacturing polymeric composites. Specially developed methods including contact molding, compression-type molding, resin-injection molding, and pultrusion are described. The article also discusses the various factors to be considered in designing for composite manufacturing.
Analysis of Sandwich Structures
Authors: Ward Stephen
Published: December 2018

A sandwich structure is comprised of layered composite materials formed by bonding two or more thin facings or facesheets to a relatively thick core material. This article describes the sandwich panel failure modes. It tabulates the nomenclature and definitions for loads, geometry, and material properties. The article illustrates critical strength-check locations for a flat sandwich panel. It discusses the analysis methods formulated for flat rectangular honeycomb panels; curved sandwich panel; and for each of the various sandwich panel failure modes. The article concludes with a discussion on flat panel stability analysis methods.
Testing and Analysis Correlation
Authors: Sawicki Adam J.
Published: December 2018

Detailed analyses and test correlations are typically required to support design development, structural sizing, and certification. This article addresses issues concerning building block levels ranging from design-allowables coupons up through subcomponents, as these levels exhibit a wide variety of test-analysis correlation objectives. At these levels, enhanced analysis capability can be used most effectively in minimizing test complexity and cost while also reducing design weight and risk. The article discusses the examples of tests for which good correlative capability has shown significant benefit. These include notched (open and/or filled hole) tension and compression, inter/intralaminar shear and tension, and pin bearing.
Design Criteria
Authors: Kress Greg
Published: December 2018

This article describes common design criteria and identifies the design considerations that have a significant effect on the end product. The design criteria include cost, size, mechanical properties, repeatability and precision of parts, damage tolerance and durability, and environmental constraints.
Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Guillermin Olivier
Published: December 2018

Continuous fiber composite materials offer dramatic opportunities for producing lightweight laminates with tremendous performance capabilities. This article describes the kinematics of fabric deformation and explains the algorithms used in draping simulation. It discusses the basic components, such as laminate and ply, of continuous fiber composite. The article provides information on the core sample and ply analysis. It details producibility, flat-pattern evaluations, and laminate surface offset. The article discusses various interfaces, such as the structural analysis interface, the resin transfer molding interface, the fiber placement and tape-laying interface, and the laser projection interface.
Fracture Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Authors: Zok F.W.
Published: December 2018

One of the key attributes of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) is their ability to undergo inelastic straining upon mechanical loading. This article reviews the mechanics of inelastic deformation and fracture of CFCCs, as needed for the development of damage-tolerant failure prediction methodologies for use in engineering design. It outlines a general framework for the description of fracture in structural materials in the presence of notches and cracks. The article describes the common classes of fracture behavior of CFCCs and presents the constitutive laws needed to describe crack-tip inelasticity. It demonstrates the effects of inelasticity on crack-tip stress fields and addresses the environmental degradation effects on damage tolerance.
Custom Sailing Yacht Design and Manufacture
Authors: Downs-Honey Richard , Hakes Paul , Battley Mark
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on the design process, materials, and manufacturing techniques for one-off and low-volume production sailing craft. These include racing yachts of typically 10-20 m length for short coastal events, 20-25 m ocean racers, 24 m America's Cup racing craft, multihull racers of 35 m or more, and large luxury cruising craft. The article discusses the tooling, laminating practice, curing, mold removal, and quality control, for manufacturing hulls, decks, masts, and appendages using composites.
Lamina and Laminate Nonmechanical Testing
Authors: Moylan John
Published: December 2018

Characterization of nonmechanical properties is performed in the testing and certification of composite materials. This article focuses on the properties of composites that are commonly investigated. The properties include: per ply thickness; constituent content; density; coefficient of thermal expansion and coefficient of moisture expansion; glass transition temperature; thermal conductivity, diffusivity, and specific heat.
Properties of Metal-Matrix Composites
Authors: Alman David E.
Published: December 2018

Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are used in structural applications, and in applications requiring wear resistance, thermal management, and weight savings. This article summarizes the mechanical and thermal properties of discontinuously reinforced aluminum MMCs, laminated metallic composites, and continuously aligned fiber reinforced MMCs.
Repair Engineering and Design Considerations
Authors: Heslehurst Rikard B. , Forte Mark S.
Published: December 2018

This article discusses three typical repair types for composite structures: temporary repairs, adhesively bonded repairs, and bolted repairs. It contains a table that lists general design requirements and considerations for the repair of composite structures. The article describes ten steps for an engineering repair approach to effectively restore structural integrity to damaged composite components. Management, validation and certification of repairs are also discussed. The article presents the design guidelines for analyzing the damage and possible strategies for making a repair. It reviews three repair schemes used in repair design analysis, namely, core replacement, adhesively bonded patch, and mechanically fastened patch. The article also emphasizes the various pitfalls and problems in repair design for composite structures.
Repair Applications, Quality Control, and Inspection
Authors: Hoke Michael J.
Published: December 2018

This article begins with an overview of the various types of damage that take place in advanced composite components. These include holes and punctures, delaminations, disbonds, core and resin damage, and water intrusion. The article describes various damage detection techniques, such as visual inspection, tap testing, and ultrasonic inspection, in field conditions. Designing for repair involves various considerations including structure types and repair types. The types of repairs together with other issues surrounding advanced composite repair technology are discussed. The article also provides a discussion on the design considerations, instructions, and materials for repair. It explains various paint-removal methods for composites. The article concludes with a discussion on curing equipment such as portable repair systems, vacuum bags, and ovens and autoclaves.
Recycling and Disposal of Metal-Matrix Composites
Authors: Weiss David
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on the techniques used in recycling of aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) such as discontinuous SiC reinforced aluminum MMCs and continuous reinforced aluminum MMCs. It provides a discussion on the properties of recycled aluminum MMCs and disposal of aluminum MMCs.
High-Temperature Applications
Authors: Serafini Tito T. , Mitchell Stephen C.
Published: December 2018

High-temperature-resistant polymers are used in aerospace, electronic, and other applications that demand outstanding elevated-temperature physical and mechanical properties. This article discusses the general characteristics of condensation-type polyimides and polymerization of monomer reactants (PMR) polyimides. It provides information on the applications of PMR-15 with illustrations.
Aircraft Applications
Authors: Wilhelm Mark
Published: December 2018

This article provides information on the applications of fiber-reinforced composites in commercial and military aircrafts. It tabulates the composite components in various types of aircraft. The applications of the composites in the components of Boeing 727, 737, 757, 767, 777, and 777-200 are schematically illustrated.
Civil Infrastructure Applications
Authors: Karbhari Vistasp M.
Published: December 2018

Composites, particularly fiber-reinforced polymer materials, are increasingly being adopted or considered as alternatives to conventional materials for civil infrastructure applications, such as bridges, buildings, waterfront structures, waste treatment facilities, and facilities for transmission and transport of utilities. This article provides information on seismic retrofit applications and discusses the repair and strengthening of components, such as beams, slabs, large-diameter pipes, and bridge decks.
Internal-State Variable Modeling of Plastic Flow
Authors: Mecking H. , Beaudoin A.
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on the analyzing and modeling of stress-strain behavior of polycrystals of pure face-centered cubic (fcc) metals in the range of temperatures and strain rates where diffusion is not important. It presents a phenomenological description of stress-strain behavior and provides information on the physical background, alternative interpretations, and directions of research. The quantitative description of strain hardening of fcc polycrystals is provided. The article also discusses the modeling of stress-strain behavior in body-centered cubic metals, hexagonal metals, stage IV work hardening, and the various classes of single-phase alloys.
Simulation of Microstructural Evolution in Steels
Authors: Pauskar P.M. , Shivpuri R.
Published: December 2018

Computer simulation of microstructural evolution during hot rolling of steels is a major topic of research and development in academia and industry. This article describes the methodology and procedures commonly employed to develop microstructural evolution models to simulate microstructural evolution in steels. It presents an example of the integration of finite element modeling and microstructural evolution models for the simulation of metal flow and microstructural evolution in a hot rolling process.
Interface Effects for Deformation Processes
Authors: Krzyzanowski M. , Beynon J.H.
Published: December 2018

This article examines the deformation processes in metal-forming operations and considers the effects introduced by scale factors when microforming. It discusses the process parameters and variables affecting surface interactions, including temperature, speed, reduction, stiffness, and dynamic response of equipment. The article reviews the determination of friction coefficient using laboratory monitoring methods, indirect measurements, and the inverse method. It considers the determination of the interface heat-transfer coefficient by using the ring test and computer simulations. The article describes the behavior of oxide scale on the surface of hot metal undergoing thermomechanical processing. It concludes with information on the effects of process and material parameters on interfacial phenomena.
Heat-Transfer Interface Effects for Solidification Processes
Authors: Kobryn P.A.
Published: December 2018

A key aspect of solidification process modeling is the treatment of the interface between the solidifying casting and the mold in which it is contained. This article begins with information on casting-mold interface heat-transfer phenomena. It describes practical considerations and methods for incorporating interface heat-transfer coefficient into models and for quantifying the heat transfer coefficient experimentally. The article concludes with information on the selection of the heat transfer coefficient for a given casting configuration.
Monte Carlo Models for Grain Growth and Recrystallization
Authors: Miodownik Mark
Published: December 2018

The misorientation of a boundary of a growing grain is defined not only by its crystallography but also by the crystallography of the grain into which it is growing. This article focuses on the Monte Carlo Potts model that is typically used to model grain growth, Zener-Smith pinning, abnormal grain growth, and recrystallization. It introduces the basics of the model, providing details of the dynamics, simulation variables, boundary energy, boundary mobility, pinning systems, and stored energy. The article explains how to incorporate experimental parameters and how to validate the model by comparing the observed behavior quantitatively with theory. The industrial applications of the model are also discussed. The article also provides a wide selection of the algorithms for implementing the Potts model, such as boundary-site models, n-fold way models, and parallel models, which are needed to simulate large-scale industrial applications.
Electronic Structure Methods Based on Density Functional Theory
Authors: Woodward Christopher
Published: December 2018

Electronic structure methods based on the density functional theory (DFT) are used as a powerful tool for assessing the mechanical thermodynamic and defect properties of metal alloys. This article presents the origins of the electronic structure methods and their strengths and limitations. It describes the basic procedures for calculating essential structural properties in metal alloys. The article reviews the approximations and computational details of the pseudopotential plane wave methods used in metal systems. It provides information on the applications of DFT methods in metal alloy systems. The article discusses the calculations of a variety of structural, thermodynamic, and defect properties, with particular emphasis on structural metal alloys and their derivatives.
Models for Martensitic Transformations
Authors: Olson G.B. , Saxena A.
Published: December 2018

This article assesses the evolution of martensite modeling in the changing materials engineering environment. It describes the physics of displacive transformations using Ginzburg-Landau theory, microstructure representation, dynamics and simulations, density functional theory, and shuffle transitions. The article reviews the application of the Ginzburg-Landau approach to rigorous solutions for issues in the structure of a martensitic nucleus based on the martensitic nucleation theory. The three basic behavior modes of martensitic growth, such as elastic, elastic/plastic, and fully plastic are discussed. The article also reviews the overall kinetics of martensitic transformations.
Modeling of Microstructure Evolution during the Thermomechanical Processing of Nickel-Base Superalloys
Authors: Thomas J.P. , Montheillet F. , Semiatin S. L.
Published: December 2018

This article summarizes the general features of microstructure evolution during the thermomechanical processing (TMP) of nickel-base superalloys and the challenges posed by the modeling of such phenomena. It describes the fundamentals and implementations of various modeling methodologies. These include JMAK (Avrami) models, topological models, and mesoscale physics-based models.
Three-Dimensional Microstructure Representation
Authors: Spanos G. , Rowenhorst D.J. , Kral M.V. , Voorhees P.W. , Kammer D.
Published: December 2018

This article reviews the characterization methods for producing 3-D microstructural data sets. The methods include serial sectioning by mechanical material removal method and focused ion beam tomography method. The article describes how these data sets are used in realistic 3-D simulations of microstructural evolution during materials processing and materials response. It also explains how the 3-D experimental data are actually input and used in the simulations using phase-field modeling and finite-element modeling.
Simulation of Rotational Welding Operations
Authors: Withers Philip J. , Preuss Michael
Published: December 2018

Friction welding is based on the rapid introduction of heat, causing the temperature at the interface to rise sharply and leading to local softening. This article illustrates the basic principles of direct-drive rotational friction welding and inertia friction welding. Modeling the effective friction response of the materials is central to simulating the welding process. The article discusses a series of distinct frictional stages during continuous drive friction welding. Modeling of the evolution of the thermal field has been an important objective since the early days of rotational friction welding. The article describes analytical thermal models and numerical thermal models for rotational friction welding. It concludes with information on the modeling of residual stresses.
Solid Modeling
Authors: Samuel Stephen M.
Published: December 2018

Solid modeling is the act of creating the three-dimensional models of various components and system using a computer-aided design (CAD) tool. This article describes the fundamental approaches of solid modeling, such as manufacturing operation simulation, parametric approach, and reference entities. It discusses the application of solid modeling systems to create expressions or variables and various surfaces for components. The use of high-end CAD systems to afford a number of sheet metal functions is reviewed. The article explains the explicit-parametric modeling and model verification for the solid modeling. It provides information on the application of solid modeling in associativity and concurrent engineering, product lifecycle management, and collaborative engineering.
Modeling of Residual Stress and Machining Distortion in Aerospace Components
Authors: Ma Kong , Goetz Robert , Srivatsa Shesh K.
Published: December 2018

Modeling will help reduce machining problems and thereby enable more rapid introduction of high-performance materials and components. This article discusses the technical needs of aircraft engine and airframe structural components and modeling of heat-treat-induced residual stress by finite-element residual-stress analysis. It describes the two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) procedures involved in finite-element residual-stress analysis. The article deals with the 2-D and 3-D machining distortion validation on engine-disk-type components. It describes methods for obtaining machining-induced residual stresses, including detailed finite-element analysis of the cutting process, the simple fast-acting mechanistic model, and the semi-empirical linear stress model. The article concludes with information on the modeling benefits and implementation of modeling in a production environment.
Corrosion Testing of Implantable Medical Devices
Authors: Marek Miroslav
Published: December 2018

The interaction of an implant with the human body environment may result in degradation of the implant, called corrosion. This article discusses the corrosion testing of metallic implants and implant materials. The corrosion environments for medical implants are the extracellular human body fluids, very complex solutions containing electrolytes and nonelectrolytes, inorganic and organic constituents, and gases. The article describes the fundamentals of electrochemical corrosion testing and provides a brief discussion on various types of corrosion tests. It illustrates corrosion current density determination by Tafel extrapolation, potentiodynamic measurement of the polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance measurement, and potentiostatic deaeration. Tests combining corrosion and mechanical forces, such as fretting corrosion tests, environment-assisted cracking tests, and ion-leaching tests are also discussed.
Tantalum
Authors: Nasser Sam
Published: December 2018

Physically, tantalum is a dark, blue-gray, lusterless metal that exists in two crystalline forms: an alpha-phase with a body-centered cubic structure, and a brittle beta-phase with a tetragonal orientation. This article tabulates the physical and material properties of tantalum. It discusses the use of tantalum in medical electronics and the advantage of tantalum over stainless steel. The article describes the manufacturing and medical applications of tantalum foam.
APLIKASI PRAKTEK DOKTER ANAK BERBASIS ANDROID PADA APOTIK PANACEA KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Djong Christianto D. , Meolbatak Emiliana M. , Ngaga Emerensiana
Published: December 2018

Perkembangan teknologi android yang semakin pesat saat ini membuat smartphone memiliki peran penting dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan manusia untuk membantu memperlancar pekerjaan manusia. Sebagai contoh, dalam bidang kesehatan  smartphone dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk konsultasi dan diagnosa penyakit. Klinik Panacea merupakan klinik praktek dokter anak yang melakukan pelayanan setiap hari yang dibuka pada jam 5 sore sampai dengan jam 9 malam. Dalam hal pengambilan nomor antrian dan informasi tentang jadwal dokter dapat dilakukan dengan datang langsung ke tempat praktek. Pasien juga masih kesulitan ketika ke klinik dengan keadaan kondisi yang tidak sehat dan setelah sampai di klinik ternyata tidak ada jadwal praktek dokter saat itu. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi praktek dokter anak berbasis android untuk membantu pasien dalam hal pengambilan nomor antrian serta mengetahui informasi jadwal pada klinik. Metode rekayasa perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah Linear Sequential Model. Tools yang digunakan dalam aplikasi ini menggunakan XAMPP, Neatbeans, Android Studio dengan menggunakan bahasa pemograman Java dan Kotlin. Dengan adanya aplikasi praktek dokter anak pada klinik Panacea, proses pengambilan nomor antrian dan informasi tentang jadwal dokter dapat dilakukan dan diketahui tanpa harus datang langsung ke tempat praktek serta pasien dapat melihat informasi dan tips seputar kesehatan anak pada rubrik dokter yang tersedia dalam aplikasi.

 

Kata Kunci: Praktek Dokter, Android, Smartphone, Apotik Panacea Kupang
GAME EDUKASI ROTI MOCAF BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Cahyono Eko Budi , Firmansyah Tino , Suharso Wildan , Wibowo Hardianto
Published: December 2018

The understanding of the Indonesian people about the importance of abundant raw materials is very lacking, this is evidenced by the many understandings that mocaf (cassava flour) is a raw material that cannot be processed properly and attractively so that it does not become a trend. Indonesia is one of the countries producing cassava although cassava is not a staple food. People need to know and understand the extent to which cassava can be processed into cassava flour, and cassava flour into bread. This study designs and builds applications that are educational to provide understanding to the community, especially for school-age children, considering that the main education is when compulsory children are elementary, middle and high school. In this study the Game Development Life Cyle (GDLC) method is used which consists of the stages of initiation, pre production, production, testing. In this study playtesting evaluation was carried out for 20 respondents with a play time of 10-15 minutes, covering aspects of concentration in addition to functional testing. Concentration aspects are valued at 4,15.
Yürüyüşteki Akış Durumunun Tespitine Yönelik Keşifsel Bir Araştırma ve Ölçek Önerisi
Authors: ÇEŞMECİ Nihat , KOÇAK Göknil Nur
Published: December 2018

Günümüzde
akış kavramı, boş zaman davranışlarını açıklamaya ışık tutan temel kavramlardan
biri olarak görülmektedir. Akış durumunun farklı sportif ve rekreasyonel aktivitelerde
yaşanması söz konusu olsa da bunlar arasında yürüyüş, geniş kitlelerin
katılımına imkân veren bir aktivite olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Doğal ve
kültürel çekicilikleri yakından görme ve inceleme fırsatı da veren yürüyüş
esnasında, ortaya çıkabilecek akış durumunun ele alınarak incelenmesi, sadece spor
ve rekreasyon araştırmaları için değil, turizm araştırmaları için de önem arz
etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, yürüyüşteki akış durumunun nasıl bir
yapıya sahip olduğunun belirlenmesi ve otaya çıkan bu yapının ölçülmesini
sağlayabilecek bir ölçüm aracının tasarlanmasıdır. Bu amacın gerçekleştirilmesi
için, öncelikle keşifsel bir araştırma ile yürüyüşteki akış durumu değişkeninin
kavramsal çerçevesi belirlenmiştir. Bu çerçeveye dayalı olarak oluşturulan
ölçek ile, Göreme Tarihi Milli Parkı sınırları içerisindeki vadilerde yürüyüş
yapan yerli ve yabancı turistlerden veri toplanmıştır. Keşfedici faktör analizi
sonrasında, yürüyüşteki akış durumunun üç boyutlu bir yapıya sahip olduğu
belirlenmiş ve boyutlar: “kapılma”, “odaklanma” ve “kendinelik” olarak
isimlendirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, ortaya çıkarılmış üç boyutlu
yapıyı teyit etmiş ve böylece, oldukça güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçme aracı
elde edilmiştir.
Study on the antioxidant and anti-cancer activities in HEPG2 cells of Ixora duffii
Authors: Phan Dinh Kim , Dai Trang Thi Xuan
Published: December 2018

Ixora duffii is an important traditional medicinal plant in Vietnam. In this study its antioxidant property was investigated by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and Fe3+ reducing assay and cytotoxic activity was evaluated against HepG2 cell line by MTT assay. The results showed that the methanolic extract of Ixora duffii flowers had DPPH radical scavenging activities similar to that of leaves extract. At the concentration of 100 􀁐g/mL, the extracts of flowers and leaves scavenged about 80% DPPH radical. The DPPH scavenging activity of Ixora duffii was lower than that of vitamin C approximately 2 times. The activity of Fe3+ reducing of flowers was higher than that of leaves, with EC50 values of 162.03 and 218.87 􀁐g/mL, respectively. Results were compared with the standard butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) that was lower than 4.78 times in flowers and 6.76 times in leaves. The methanolic extract of Ixora duffii displayed significantly dose dependent in reducing the growth of HepG2, with 56% growth inhibitory concentration in a dose of 500 􀁐g/mL. The qualitative analysis of phytochemical compounds showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, quinones, glycoside, coumarins and phenols in the leaves and flower extracts of Ixora duffii. Compounds of tanins and saponins were only present in flowers of Ixora duffii. Total phenolic content were found in flowers (762.37 mg GAE/g) that was higher than the one in leaves (360.85 mg GAE/g). Flower and leave extracts exhibited a similar total flavonoid content of 679.55 mg QE/g and 676.35 mg QE/g, respectively.
Protoplast isolation and culture from different explants of Musa spp. Cau man
Authors: Tran Huong Thanh , Vo Cuong Quoc
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the roles of type and concentration of enzymes on protoplast isolation from in vitro leaves, multi-scalps (highly proliferating meristem culture), and young male flower of banana cv. cau man were studied. Respiration rate and content of plant hormones of these materials were analysed. Different techniques were used to culture these protoplasts. The development of protoplasts was observed under fluorescence microscope. The highest yield of protoplast (69.5 x 106 protoplasts / g fresh weight) was obtained from young male flowers after 16 hours treatment with 1.5 % cellulase, 0.25 % pectinase and 0.25 % hemicellulase. The combination of hanging drop cell technique (in 6 days), and carrot feeder layer cells in N6PKM medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1 mg/L α- naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 0.5 mg/L zeatin are suitable for protoplast development. Protoplasts that were isolated from multi-scalps and young male flowers created the wall and divided when cultured by this method. The development of protoplasts from young male flower began with cell walls creation after 4 days, the cell division was after 6 days, and small colonies formation was after 28 days of culture. The differentiation and physiological activity of cells play an important role on quantity and quality of protoplasts, as on the well as protoplast development.
A Review on Biometric based Privacy Preserving and Public Auditing Schemes in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Motghare Sarita , Satsangi C. S.
Published: December 2018

Cloud technology is very useful for the business development, as it brings about astonishing results in a short time. It is human nature that we trust those things, which are present in front of our eyes. However, in case of cloud computing, the data is mostly outsourced. There always remains a concern for the security and integrity of the data. The privacy of the user is also an important area of concern. Many systems and technique are being developed to address these issues, but still there is always a scope of improvement. While addressing the issues related to the user privacy and data security and integrity, we must consider the efficiency of the system while accessing and searching for the data. In this paper, we discuss about the major challenges in cloud environment. Also, presented is a brief overview on existing research that has been carried out in the above-mentioned areas.
Evaluación de la calidad del desayuno escolar y estado nutricional en los alumnos del primer grado de educación primaria, del centro educativo "Pedro Pablo Atusparia" —Huaraz
Authors: Inti Barreto Julio , Henostroza Torres Julio , Espinoza Bardales Ydania , Rosales Chavez Edith
Published: December 2018

El presente estudio, ha tenido como finalidad realizar los análisis físico-químico, microbiológico y sensorial de la ración de la mezcla fortificada y pan fortificado, cuyos resultados de los análisis se encuentran en los rangos permisibles, de igual manera los resultados de la evaluación sensorial de la mezcla fortificada y pan fortificado nos indican que los productos tiene un grado de aceptación.
También se ha determinado el estado nutricional en los alumnos en cuanto se refiere a las medidas antropométricas, obteniéndose que el coeficiente de correlación se encuentra en + 0.6, lo que indica que la asociación entre las variables peso y talla tomados entre los tres controles es moderada y poca intensa
Evaluacion de la cantidad de arsenico en el aire generado por el pasivo ambiental de la ex compañia minera Alianza en la localidad de Ticapampa— periodo 2007
Authors: Poma Rique Porfirio , Quiñones Poma Juan
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo se ejecutó en el distrito de Ticapampa, con el objetivo de evaluar la presencia del arsénico en el aire originado por la erosión eólica del pasivo ambiental minero de la Cia Minera Alianza. Foco de generación permanente de polvos y partículas, problema que nos motivó realizar el presente estudio de investigación, cuya metodología consta de las siguientes fases; planteamiento del problema, recopilación de información, descripción del entorno y evaluación de concentración de arsénico.
Para el desarrollo de este estudio se delimitó el área de influencia directa e indirecta, se realizaron las entrevistas a los pobladores de la zona, monitoreo de parámetros de calidad de aire y meteorológicos en tres estaciones ubicadas en la dirección preferente del aire y densidad poblacional cercanos al deposito de relaves, en épocas de precipitación pluvial Marzo-Abril y estiaje Junio del 2007.
Los resultados del monitoreo ambiental de calidad de aire con concentraciones de arsénico reportaron valores de E-01: 0,100 ug/m3, E-02: 0,060 ug/m3 y E-03: 0,050 ug/m3. E-01: NO, E-02: NO y E-03: 0,090 ug/m3. Los que son inferiores a 6,000 ug/m3. Establecidos en los limites máximos permisibles (LMP). Por lo que concluimos que la contaminación por concentración de arsénico en el aire no es perceptible dentro del área de influencia directa.
Incidencia y distribución de principales virus fitopatogenos en el cultivo de maiz amilaceo, a nivel del callejón de Huaylas
Authors: Medina Córdova Violeta , Ramírez Maldonado José Del Carmen
Published: December 2018

La incidencia de las enfermedades virósicas en plantas, normalmente son realizadas observando sintomatologías típicas; método por el cual no se tienen resultados certeros. El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito determinar la incidencia y distribución del Rayado fino del maíz, causado por el Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), Moteado clorótico del maíz, causado por el Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) y el Mosaico de la grama china, causado por el Johnsongrass mosaic virus strain O (JGMV-0) (Maize dwarf mosaic virus strain - O) con la técnica serológica de NCM-ELISA (prueba inmunoenzimática en membrana de nitrocelulosa), la cual consiste en colectar al azar, muestras de hojas de maíz, en campos de cultivo de maíz amiláceo en estado de 100% de floración femenina; las zonas muestreadas fueron las principales zonas productoras de maíz amiláceo del Callejón de Huaylas: Ranrahirca, Pampac y Acopampa, ubicadas en la zona sierra del Departamento de Ancash. Se encontró que el cultivo de maíz amiláceo en el Callejón de Huaylas, el virus que tiene mayor incidencia es el Maize rayado fino virus, encontrado en una incidencia promedia de 70% y el Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) en una incidencia promedia de 39%, siendo éstos diferentes estadísticamente. No se encuentra la presencia del Johnsongrass mosaic virus strain O (JGMV-0) (Maize dwarf mosaic virus strain — O). Las infecciones por virus en las zonas en estudio no tienen diferencias estadísticas significativas.Palabras Claves: Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV), Maize dwarf mosaic virus strain O (MDMV-0), Johnsongrass mosaic virus strain O (JGMV-0), incidencia de virus en maíz amiláceo, Callejón de Huaylas.