bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Lower Secondary Chemistry Textbook Components: A Study Involving the Chinese Communities of China and Malaysia
Authors: An Bao Guo , Chua Kah Heng
Published: March 2023

Chemistry textbooks serve as the primary reference for teachers and students during teaching and learning. The textbook details the learning content and knowledge covered within a particular subject. Chemistry is more effective in raising awareness of people’s behavior and its impact on the surrounding environment, so it receives more research attention. This study investigates the chemistry content covered in Malaysian Independent Chinese Secondary School and lower secondary science textbooks published by Chinese People’s Education Press. The comparative method, which includes description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison, was employed in this study. The authors compared lower secondary science textbooks used in most regions of China and Malaysian Chinese schools. Results showed some similarities in the chemistry contents; for instance, they are arranged from fundamental concepts to a broader perspective. However, differences were found in the sequence in which the chemistry concepts and their application to Nature were introduced in both textbook versions used in this study. It was discovered that the organization of chemistry textbooks used in most regions of China was more scientific than the book used in Malaysia. It was relatively basic in comparison and only presented the concepts required for secondary school subjects. The findings of this study suggest that it might be appropriate for 21st-century chemistry concepts to be integrated into the curriculum to address the need for education in environmental and sustainability issues from the perspective of education in chemistry.
Interpretação e autoridade do direito na obra Joseph Raz
Authors: Neiva Horácio
Published: March 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma reconstrução analítica da teoria da interpretação articulada por Joseph Raz em diversos dos seus trabalhos. A partir da distinção entre raciocínio sobre o direito e raciocínio a partir do direito, o trabalho articula o papel da interpretação no direito, e as razões que levam os juristas a interpretá-lo. A partir disso, desenvolve a ideia de que a autoridade, chave para a explicação positivista da natureza do direito, também explica, para Raz, a razão pela qual a interpretação desempenha um papel central na prática jurídica. Em seguida, o trabalho explica a ideia de interpretação inovadora, distinguindo-a de interpretações conservadoras, e mostra como ela permite explicar como os juízes modificam o direito – uma necessidade conceitual derivada da tese das fontes – sem que, para isso, exerçam poderes legislativos puros. Ao final, o trabalho expõe como a autoridade do direito desempenha um papel central na interpretação jurídica, mesmo quando ela abre espaço para outras considerações que conduzem à modificação do direito.
Os limites do conceito de direito: reflexões sobre o positivismo jurídico de Kant em relação às teorias positivistas de Kelsen e Hart
Authors: Klein Joel Thiago
Published: March 2023

Neste artigo argumento que o modelo de positivismo jurídico sustentado pela filosofia do direito de Kant é capaz de justificar o estabelecimento de limites ao conceito de validade do direito de uma forma que os positivismos de Kelsen e de Hart não conseguem. Essa limitação permite distinguir entre estados bárbaros, nos quais não há direito, e estados despóticos, nos quais apesar de não serem estados justos, ainda possuem direito. Com base nessa distinção, pode-se defender uma teoria positivista do direito que estabeleça critérios normativos não morais para a validade de um sistema jurídico. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se que os modelos positivistas de Kelsen e de Hart são inferiores do ponto de vista da sua capacidade de captar a normatividade jurídica.
PARADIGMS OF RENOVATION OF THE OLD HOUSING STOCK A MODERN CITY (on the example of the city of Astana)
Authors:   S. Seifullin Kazakh agrotechnical university, Astana, Kazakhstan, Amirbekova A.A.
Published: March 2023

The article presents some results of the study of the history of the development of Kazakh architecture of the XIX century. It presents residential and public buildings of that time, a new type of housing called "Korzhyn", "Modern" urban housing, public buildings, in particular mosque buildings, as well as the development of architecture, a broad understanding of the patterns of architectural compositions. In addition, at present we are talking about the use of architectural elements of buildings of the XIX century.
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN OF THE XXI CENTURY
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan, Y.K. Duisebay  , Y.Y Duisebay  ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2023

The scientific program "Cultural Heritage" implemented in the Republic should have an outlet for the development of architecture in Kazakhstan. The ethno-cultural concept of the image is realized through the synthesis of traditions and modern experience of technical and technological achievements. Archaic brutality of Scythian art compositions and bionic semantics - plasticity of ornamental art of the Kazakhs will be a formative component of the architectural image.
IMPACTS OF PUBLIC REALMS IN CREATING A COMFORTABLE URBAN SPACE FOR EVERYDAY USE: A CASE STUDY OF URBAN PATTERN IN ALMATY
Authors:   K.I. Satbayev Kazakh National Research Technical University, Kozhakhmetov А.E. , Abilov A.Zh. ,   K.I. Satbayev Kazakh National Research Technical University, Ramazani M.A. ,   K.I. Satbayev Kazakh National Research Technical University
Published: March 2023

Public realms connect different parts of the city for gathering and social events, encourage job opportunities and help for better social life based on collective activities. However, contemporary public realms in cities consist of different public and private spaces used by diverse social groups. Thus, the cross-section of Satbayev, Baitursynov streets and Bukhar Zhyray boulevard in Almaty is selected as a test-bed for the investigation. Currently, the public realm represents fragmented spatial networks divided by highways to separated neighbourhoods. The paper depths into existing urban planning outcomes for potential urban transformations. These findings will be archived through morphological mapping, direct non-participant observation, and public realm photographing. The research confirms the hypothesis that public realms in contemporary urban planning are rather exclusive than inclusive due to lack of equity for daily visits, flexibility of use and urban informality.
SPATIAL PLACEMENT OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN THE RESIDENTIAL ZONE OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS
Authors:   S. Seifullin Kazakh agrotechnical university, Kornilova A. , Kaidarov A. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh agrotechnical university
Published: March 2023

The spatial organization of work, life and recreation of rural residents is characterized by the spatial integration of these functions. This applies not only to the residential sector, but also to the commercial sector. There is life and leisure, but there is also work; in the production zone there is not only work, but also creativity, life, rest (during a pause) (food, etc.). All functions operate outside the settlement. The conclusion suggests itself that rural restructuring should be viewed as a set of broad concepts, i.e. a feature of communities of different rank and degree, exclusive to a small circle of people.
REDUCING TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION OF THE ENTERPRISE BY GREENING THE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE
Authors:   K.I. Satbayev Kazakh National Research Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nuruldaeva G.Zh. , Zhanekeshova G.А. ,   «Timal Consulting Group» LLP, Atyrau, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2023

Greening of industrial areas with the use of tree species and shrubs resistant to chemical pollution can reduce dangerous concentrations of dust and gas, reduces the negative physical impact of noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields around the facility on the surrounding area. The extent of damage to green areas by industrial emissions indicates that the pollution of the territory of the facility is becoming increasingly limiting for the environment. The most powerful sources of phytotoxic pollutant emissions are oil production and refining enterprises. The article is devoted to the problem of greening the territory of LLP "Sazankurak" of Atyrau region. One of the main pollutants at the enterprise is inorganic dust. The concentration and duration of exposure to dust depends on the wind rose, topography and location of emission sources. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the operating mode of the enterprise taking into account local climatic conditions, recommendations for establishing sustainable plantings in the sanitary protection zone have been developed. The features of biological sorption of pollutants and the formation of anthropogenic anomalies in the territory of industrial facilities have been studied. The characteristic of species and individual stability of the main species of trees and shrubs of Western Kazakhstan is given. The system of measures for landscaping areas in the crude oil production field "Sazankurak" was substantiated.
Ravulizumab (Ultomiris)
Authors: CADTH
Published: March 2023

CADTH recommends that Ultomiris be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients at least 1 month of age and older with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), if certain conditions are met.

Ultomiris should only be covered to treat adults and children (aged 1 month or older) who: have aHUS, evidence of ongoing and progressing TMA (blood clots forming in small blood vessels), and evidence of at least 1 damaged or dysfunctional organ. Ultomiris may be funded for patients who had a kidney transplant, but not for those who have already tried ravulizumab and it did not work.

Ultomiris should only be reimbursed if it is prescribed by or in consultation with a nephrologist or hematologist. Its cost should not be more than the least expensive complement inhibitor that is reimbursed for the treatment of aHUS.
ON THE PARTICIPATION OF LIVER ARGINASE AND KUPFFER CELLS IN THE REGULATION OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE LIVER AND BLOOD LIPOPROTEINS, THE LEVEL OF IODINE-CONTAINING THYROID HORMONES AND BODY TEMPERATURE IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL PERITONITIS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, E. N. Chepeleva , F. I. Vismont ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: March 2023

Despite the successes of modern surgery, the achievements of asepsis and antisepsis, the rather wide possibilities of antibacterial, infusion and detoxifica-tion therapy, the incidence of peritonitis and mortality from it remain at a high level. The aim of the study was to elucidate the significance of the activity of liver arginase and Kupffer cells in the regulation of total cholesterol in the liver and blood lipoproteins, the level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones and body temperature in rats with experimental peritonitis. It has been established that under conditions of experimental peritonitis in rats, the activity of liver arginase decreases, the content of NO3–/NO2– increases and the level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood decreases, secondary atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia develops. A decrease in the activity of Kupffer cells in peritonitis is accompanied by an increase in the level of trii-odothyronine in the blood, a less pronounced decrease in the activity of liver arginase and a weakening of the development of characteristic changes in the content of total cholesterol in the liver, lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood and prevents the development of secondary dyslipoproteinemia. Depression of liv-er arginase in conditions of peritonitis aggravates changes in the content of to-tal cholesterol in blood and liver lipoproteins, triiodothyronine in the blood and contributes to the development of secondary dyslipoproteinemia.
CHLOROFORM CONTENT IN THE BLOOD OF THE POPULATION AS A BIOMARKER OF EXPOSURE TO DRINKING WATER DISIN-FECTION BY-PRODUCTS
Authors:   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene, E. V. Drozdova , S. I. Sychik ,   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene, V. E. Syakhovich ,   National Anti-Doping Laboratory, K. N. Pakhadnia ,   National Anti-Doping Laboratory, A. A. Ahabalayeu ,   National Anti-Doping Laboratory, N. А. Dalhina ,   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene
Published: March 2023

The modern methodological approaches, such as biomonitoring, could be used to improve the evidence base reliability and reduce uncertainty under chemicals health risk assessments and hygienic rationing. The aim of the study was to substantiate using the results of chloroform determination in human blood as a biomarker of exposure to drinking water disinfection byproducts under republican conditions. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry meth-od for determination of chloroform in whole blood based on the use of acetoni-trile as solvent and additional extraction of chloroform from acetonitrile su-pernatant by small amounts of hexane was developed. Chloroform concentra-tions in the blood of population at the territories supplied with chlorinated drinking water are significantly higher than that of population at the territories supplied with water without chlorination (0.03–0.54 ng/ml, P95 0.27 ng/ml versus 0.00–0.37 ng/ml, P95 0.13 ng/ml respectively). A proposed linear de-pendence model enables to predict the chloroform blood level in the exposed population based on water concentrations and vice versa. We recommend the determination of chloroform in the whole blood of the population as an in-formative biomarker of cumulative exposure, reflecting real exposure scenarios for the preceding period of time, based on identified trends.
POLYMYOSITIS: A NEW LOOK ON AN OLD PROBLEM
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, O. P. Sirosh
Published: March 2023

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are the group of rare heterogeneous autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology, characterized by inflammatory le-sions of the striated muscles and skin, as well as the development of specific organ pathology. The history of the study idiopathic inflammatory myopathies has more than 100 years. Initially, this group of diseases included only 2 main subtypes: dermatomysitis and polymyositis. The latter was the main subtype of myopathies, it corresponded to 2/3 of the clinical descriptions of this pa-thology available at that time. The discovery of myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies at the end of the 20th century made it possible to significantly expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of idiopathic in-flammatory myopathies. Not only the autoimmune genesis of myopathies was proven, but also their immunological heterogeneity, as well as the existence of clinical and immunological subtypes. Today, with no serological markers, no skin lesions, and no unique histo-logical presentation, polymyositis is a difficult-to-diagnose disease that can of-ten be misdiagnosed in patients with another pathology or subtype of idio-pathic inflammatory myopathies. According to most experts, polymyositis is currently a diagnosis of exclusion and is the rarest subtype of idiopathic in-flammatory myopathies, accounting to no more than 5 % of all cases in this group.
Evolution of atmospheric age of particles and its implications for the formation of a severe haze event in eastern China
Authors: Xie Xiaodong , Hu Jianlin , Qin Momei , Guo Song , Hu Min , Ji Dongsheng , Wang Hongli , Lou Shengrong , Huang Cheng , Liu Chong , Zhang Hongliang , Ying Qi , Liao Hong , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric age reflects how long particles have been suspended in the atmosphere, which is closely associated with the evolution of air pollutants. Severe regional haze events occur frequently in China, influencing air quality, human health, and regional climate. Previous studies have explored the characteristics of mass concentrations and compositions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during haze events, but the evolution of atmospheric age remains unclear. In this study, the age-resolved UCD/CIT model was developed and applied to simulate the concentration and age distribution of PM2.5 during a severe regional haze episode in eastern China. The results indicated that PM2.5 concentrations in the North China Plain (NCP) gradually accumulated due to stagnant weather conditions at the beginning stage of the haze event. Accordingly, the atmospheric age of elemental carbon (EC), primary organic aerosol (POA), sulfate (SO42−), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) gradually increased. The subsequent PM2.5 concentration growth was driven by the local chemical formation of nitrate (NO3−) under high relative humidity. The newly formed NO3− particles led to a decrease in the mean atmospheric age of the NO3− particles. During the regional transport stage, aged particles from the NCP moved to the downwind Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, leading to a sharp increase in PM2.5 concentrations and the average age of EC, POA, SO42−, and SOA. In contrast, the average age of NO3− and ammonium remained unchanged or even slightly decreased due to continuous local formation in the YRD region. Different evolution of the atmospheric age among these components provides a unique perspective on the formation of PM2.5 components during the regional haze event. The information can also be used for designing effective control strategies for different components of PM2.5.
Por uma releitura do perfil institucional do Ministério Público de Contas no contexto do federalismo
Authors: Bezerra Mesquita Patrick , Pereira da Costa Danielle Fátima
Published: March 2023

The article aims to analyze the new perspective of federalism in the jurisprudence of the Brazilian Supreme Court, which emphasizes the legislative autonomy of the federative entities, considering them real labs of legislative experiences. Based on that, it defends the possibility of article 130 of Federal Constitution be densified by Member-States in order to adopt a Public Ministry of Accounts with administrative and financial autonomy.
Obituário do teto de gastos da EC nº 95/2016: erros, acertos e aprendizados
Authors: Medeiros de Lima Rodrigo
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the Brazilian experience with a constitutional spending cap, introduced into the country’s Constitution by the Constitutional Amendment n. 95/2016 and in the process of being overcome. To this end, it assays the rule’s design and the option for its introduction into the Constitution, in view of foreign experiences and the correlated literature. It contrasts the different (and polarized) expectations in relation to the rule and the outcomes correlated to it, under fiscal, political-legislative (and budgetary) and juridical aspects. The article advocates the practical limitation of the strategy of excessively restricting, through a constitutional norm, the space for political choice in fiscal matters and exams the succession of constitutional amendments, eminently aimed at circumventing the rule, and the consequent weakening of the expected stability of a rigid constitutional document. It also indicates a clear option for constitutional reforms, in the political field, to the detriment of jurisdictional solutions within the stablished framework.
Transparência e controle dos incentivos fiscais concedidos mediante contrapartidas com a finalidade de desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional
Authors: Vendramin Silaine
Published: March 2023

The Federal Constitution provides for the Brazilian State to induce the equitable social and economic development of its territories, being able to use the institution of tax incentives for companies in a costly way, that is, through counterparts to achieve this objective. Therefore, these counterparts link the tax incentive and at the same time represent indirect government spending in the form of waived tax revenue. This article aims to find out how to improve external control and encourage social control in monitoring tax revenue waivers granted to private companies through counterparts for regional development. The applied method was the deductive one with legislative and bibliographical research of national and international authors. One comes to the conclusion that, among other measures, it is necessary to strengthen transparency with the availability of individualized information by companies benefiting from counterparts, deadlines, monitoring of goals by the responsible bodies, etc. All in a simple, open and accessible way to external and social control.
Proximate Composition of Shell (Bivalves) in North Aceh District, Aceh Province Based on Differences in Species and Environmental Characteristics
Authors: Erniati Erniati , Andika Yudho , Imanullah Imanullah , Imamshadiqin Imamshadiqin , Salmarika Salmarika , Nurul ‘Akla Cut Meurah , Yulistia Elva Dwi , Maulana Sanja , Lazuardy Rafly
Published: March 2023

Shellfish (bivalves) are potential biodiversity of waters with an important significant value used by the community as a food source of highly nutritious animal protein. Based on survey results, several coastal areas in North Aceh District have the potential for shellfish. Still, there have not been any scientific reports on this region's proximate composition of bivalves. This study aims to determine the relative arrangement of the dominant bivalves in the North Aceh District based on species differences and environmental characteristics. The results showed varying proximate bivalve proximate compositions of 4 chief types of shellfish in North Aceh waters. Bivalvia water ranged from 6.9-14.2%, ash ranged from 5.87-8.29%, protein ranged from 32.84-35.87%, fat ranged from 3.04-10.83%, and carbohydrate ranged from 38.11-42.71%. The highest protein and fat content were found in the Crassostrea sp1 type clams. In addition, the differences in the environmental characteristics of the shell sampling locations also resulted in different proximate compositions. The PCA test results showed that the critical variablarrangemente composition was ash and fat content. The environmental parameters, which were the key parameters of the relative arrangement of the shells were the substrate and pH.
Impact of Exchange Rate, and Foreign Direct Investment on External Debt: Evidence from Pakistan Using ARDL Cointegration Approach
Authors: Zahra Andleeb , Nasir Nadia , Rahman Saif Ur , Idress Sadia
Published: March 2023

Using time series data from Pakistan 1973 to 2021, this research examines the effect of exchange-rate, fiscal deficits, foreign direct investment and economic expansion on foreign debt. The auto regressive distributed lag model is used in the research to look into the co-integration analysis of variables and their existence. The study confirms the positive and significant relationship exist among the rate of exchange, foreign direct investment, the fiscal deficit, economic growth, and external debt in the long run. However, in the short run, the real effective exchange rate and fiscal deficit are negatively related to the external debt, whereas the economic growth is positively related to the external debt. The policy maker recommended that rises the exchange rate, the value of a domestic currency falls to some extent, which improves the foreign exchange in which loans must be returned.
DO TELÉGRAFO AO TELEFONE: TRAJETÓRIA ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DAS REDES DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES EM GOIÁS
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Fernando , Castilho Denis
Published: March 2023

Enquanto o telégrafo alcançou o território goiano em 1890, os primeiros registros da instalação de telefones no estado remetem ao ano de 1914. Diferentemente da rede telegráfica, com orientação iniciada pela geoestratégia militar, os primeiros circuitos telefônicos emergiram por meio de iniciativas muito mais espontâneas e pontuais. O estudo em tela aborda a gênese das redes de telecomunicações em Goiás com base na emergência do telégrafo e do telefone no final do século XIX e início do XX, respectivamente. Os procedimentos metodológicos basearam-se em meticuloso trabalho de levantamento de dados secundários em documentos históricos, publicações oficiais, a exemplo dos Anuários Estatísticos e Relatórios sobre as empresas de telefonia do IBGE, dos Relatórios de Administração da Telebrás e informações contidas em periódicos publicados entre 1842 e 1940. Os resultados revelam as determinações econômicas e geoestratégicas que nortearam a interiorização das redes de telecomunicações rumo aos rincões do Brasil Central, no âmbito do estabelecimento desses aparatos reticulares como insumos indispensáveis ao sistema de controle, apropriação e integração da diversidade regional brasileira.

Palavras-chave: redes de telecomunicação; geoestratégia; controle; integração nacional.
Institute of personal use in the legal regulation of socialist Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1989
Authors: Skaloš Martin
Published: March 2023

This article describes the institute of personal use in the legal system of socialist Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1989. The article aims to point out the changes in the legislation of the institutes of substantive rights in the legal order of socialist Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1989 with special attention to property rights. The most fundamental change was the breaking of the unified institution of ownership, and on the contrary, new diverse forms of use of agricultural land and housing gained importance, which significantly suppressed the broad meaning of ownership. Currently, the Civil Code (Act No. 40/1964 Coll.) does not contain the relevant provisions on personal use of land since amendment No. 501/1991 Coll. the right of personal use of the land, which arose before the amendment in question came into effect according to the legal regulations in force at that time, was changed to the ownership of natural persons. It meant that a citizen who, for personal use, established a building on land belonging to the state thereby became the owner of the land in question.
A Post-Mortem of the Life Insurance Industry's Bid for Capital During the Financial Crisis
Authors: Cole Cassandra , Barnes Michelle , Bohn James , Martin Cynthia
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we show that life insurance companies were under significant capital strain during the recent financial crisis. This was the case not just for the notable case of American International Group (AIG), or for life insurers within the largest life insurance groups that applied for government funds, but for life insurers across the entire industry. The ability to access government funds, the benefit of regulatory actions and the large internal capital transfers received by life insurers from their non-insurance parents during the crisis combined to contribute significant amounts of reported statutory capital to life insurance companies. Moreover, capital contributions to life insurers from their parents are not limited to crisis periods; they also exhibit a business cycle pattern. This study provides evidence suggesting two important policy recommendations and calls for additional research on these issues: 1) insurance supervisors should have the ability to assess capital adequacy and availability beyond the level of the insurance operating company, including the ability to assess the capital adequacy of, and availability of capital from, holding companies not currently supervised by state insurance regulators, and these supervisors should take a consolidated view in monitoring the size, type and direction of internal capital transfers when evaluating the viability of entity-level life insurers; and 2) life insurance supervisors would benefit from staff with expertise in understanding and forecasting the impact of macroeconomic and financial conditions on life insurers’ balance sheets.
Material misrepresentations in insurance litigation: an analysis of insureds' arguments and court decisions
Authors: Gatzlaff Kevin , Avila Stephen , Fitzgerald John
Published: March 2023

The section presents abstracts of U.S. court cases bearing on the regulation of insurance during the 2012-2013 period, including Colby v. Union Security Insurance Co., UnitedHealth Group Inc. v. Columbia Casualty Co. and Bankers Life and Casualty Co. v. Superintendent of Insurance.
Professional Profile and Teaching Profile of the Elementary Education Teacher in the State Schools of the Province of Puno, Perú
Authors: Ponce-Encinas Lydia Karina , Flores-Quispe Eduardo Luis , Rojas-Paucar Wildon
Published: March 2023

This study aims to demonstrate that the professional profile is significantly related to the didactic profile, likewise it is intended to outline the professional traits of the educator, taking into account that teachers use methodological strategies that they select according to the degree of knowledge and studies they have completed. throughout his professional life. The set of capacities and competences that was analyzed to guide the aspects of the professional profile variable are: professional training (basic, continuous), didactic and pedagogical knowledge (development and selection of strategies) and labor development (service time, classroom management ). In this context, today more than ever; the educational system deserves substantial changes, among which is the pedagogical aspect, since this involves the teacher's way of teaching; Therefore, creative and innovative teachers are required to plan teaching through strategies that dynamize the class; in such a way that meaningful learning occurs. The analysis of the didactic profile was oriented based on three aspects: a) Forms of organization of teaching, b) Methodological approaches to learning, and c) Learning support resources, as appropriate mechanisms for the evolution of teacher training and improvement models, considering that the advances in didactics must be introduced in the teaching work, stimulating the motivation to learn to teach and improve didactic and pedagogical aspects. So too; It constitutes a source of reflection for educational actors, in terms of their initial training, training, improvement and application of didactic strategies.

Keywords: professional profile, didactic profile, didactic strategies, primary level
In-Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic Paste with Chitosan Against Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Ul Nisa Tauqeer , Gulzar Ishfaq , Gupta Neetika
Published: March 2023

Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and cefaclor) with chitosan, calcium hydroxide and normal saline against Enterococcus faecalis.
Introduction: An infected root canal system is a unique niche for selective yet multiple species of microorganisms. There are broad spectrum species especially Gram-positive facultatives, which possess greater resistance to antimicrobial agents used during endodontic treatment. To prevent reinfection of a treated root canal, it is mandatory to disinfect the pulp space & dentinal tubules thoroughly with an endodontic irrigant or intra canal medicaments.
Methodology: E. faecalis grown at a concentration of 1.5 ×108 CFU/ml is inoculated into 21 extracted human teeth with single root canal and incubated. These teeth are divided into 3 groups based on medicament used. Each experimental canal is placed with intracanal dressing TAP + Chitosan , calcium hydroxide and Normal Saline in group 1, 2, 3. Dentinal shavings are collected at 24 hours and 21 days interval following which post colony counts for microbial evaluation are calculated.
Results: All groups except normal saline showed negligible microbial counts after 24 hours. At 21 day interval, there was significant increase in microbial count from 24 hours to 21 days. TAP+ chitosan had maximum antimicrobial efficacy while least by Calcium hydroxide.
Conclusion: From the findings, it can be concluded Triple antibiotic paste with chitosan can be used as possible alternative for intracanal dressing over longer period of time.

Keywords: Intracanal medicaments, Triple antibiotic paste, chitosan, calcium hydroxide, enterococcus faecalis
Efficacy of Proprioceptive Exercises and Core Strengthening with Conventional Physiotherapy on Pain and Quality of Life in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Richhariya Niketa , Mudaliar Surabhi , Kumar D. Vijay
Published: March 2023

Background: The osteoarthritis is the commonest form of musculoskeletal disorder affecting weight bearing joint, caused by destruction of articular cartilage, OA is leading cause of disability among older adults.
Methodology: 40 male & female subjects Age between 45 to 55 years with knee pain and first and second grade OA, randomly divided into 2 Groups (Proprioception circuit exercise & core stability exercise) the outcome measure was KOOS scale focused on pain & QOL,
Results: The mean value for Group A, pre-Pain 42.95 and Pre QOL was 38.30, and in Group B, Pre pain was 43.10 and Post pain was 58.50, and Pre QOL 36.40, and Post QOL 57.15, The Group B, shows significant changes with P value (p =0.001) on pain and (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The study shows significant improvement on basis of pain and QOL, in both the Groups, But the Group B, had significant improvement in patient with OA, knee.

Keywords: Proprioception circuit exercise, Core stability exercise Knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) OA knee.
A Mini Review on Pancreatin: Prodigious Focus on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: . Anurag , Singh Kuldeep , Mukherjee Soumyadip
Published: March 2023

Pancreatin is a natural mixture of digestive enzymes derived from the pancreas of vertebrates. Recent studies have demonstrated that pancreatin has protective effects against various types of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence regarding the protective effects of pancreatin on hepatic I/R injury. We discuss the potential mechanisms behind the protective effects of pancreatin, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic effects. Moreover, we discuss the potential application of pancreatin as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of I/R injury in the liver. Numerous studies have shown that pancreatin can protect against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by targeting multiple pathways and processes involved in I/R injury, including reduction in oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory response, promoting cell proliferation as well as improvement in apoptosis process. In addition, pancreatin has a protective effect on liver injury by promoting the antioxidant defence system, inhibiting the accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxides, and restoring cellular antioxidant status. Thus, pancreatin may be a promising and effective treatment for hepatic I/R injury, and further research is needed to explore its clinical efficacy. In conclusion, pancreatin is a potential natural remedy that has been studied to potentially reduce hepatic I/R injury. Although further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of pancreatin in clinical settings, it has been suggested that it can act as a natural remedy for hepatic I/R injury due to its multiple mechanisms of action and its ability to restore the balance of oxidative stress. Pancreatin has been studied as a potential natural remedy for hepatic I/R injury due to its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, promote antioxidant defence system activity, and restore cellular antioxidant status.

Keywords: Pancreatin, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, antioxidant activity, PI3K-AKT pathway, hepatoprotective strategies.
Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiome in Neurocritically Ill Patients in Intensive Care: Systematic Review
Authors: Aryasa IGM Ardika , Widyantara I Wayan , Kusuma Putra Ida Bagus
Published: March 2023

Background: The human microbiome is a community of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with humans. This relationship between humans and the microbiome affects the physiology of health and disease, but not many studies have evaluated the condition of the digestive microbiome in neurology critical condition patients and its changes. This study aims to describe the microbiome characteristics of neurological patients in the intensive care unit.
Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of the relationship between the microbiome and neurology patients admitted to the intensive care unit by searching MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar for articles in English published through 13 June 2022.
Results: There is a change in the normal flora pattern in neurological patients who are treated in the intensive care unit. The decrease in the number of colonies occurred in commensal flora bacteria and an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae.
Discussion: The overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens suggests dysbiosis in patients with neurocritical conditions. This is thought to be correlated with the gut-brain axis relationship. This dysbiosis evaluation can be used to provide targeted microbiome therapy and to assess the risk of clinical deterioration and death in neurologic patients in intensive care.
Conclusion: This study reported a significant difference between the composition of the gut microbiota in neurology patients in intensive care and the healthy population. The magnitude of this dysbiosis increases during hospitalization in the intensive care unit and has an impact on patient outcomes. Intestinal microbiota analysis is expected to provide an overview of targeted microbial therapy and predict future patient outcomes.

Keywords: Neurocritical patients, intensive care, microbiome
The Effect of the Community-Based- Directly Observed Therapy on the Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients in Mitooma District, Western-Uganda
Authors: N. Tananzio , N. Novatus , K. Francis
Published: March 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the ninth leading cause of death in the world and a leading cause of death among infectious diseases. Sub-Saharan Africa has nearly all high TB burden countries including Uganda which contributes to the highest Tuberculosis related mortality globally. Poor adherence to Tuberculosis treatment can lead to prolonged infection and poor treatment outcomes. Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) seeks to improve adherence to TB treatment by observing patients while they take their anti-TB medications. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the Community Based- DOT on the Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis Patients in Mitooma District, Western Uganda. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and data were collected from the TB patients. Results revealed that TB patients who were not educated were 9.01 times more likely to get cured compared to the educated patients (AOR=9.01; 95% CI (1.6-5.9); p=0.013). Duration or time spent on TB medication was associated with TB treatment outcome because the patients who had spent 6 months on TB medication (AOR=2.9; 95% CI (1.14 – 7.9); p=0.004) were threefold more likely to get cured compared to those who had spent less than one month. Similarly, patients who had spent six months and above (AOR=4.1; 95%CI (0.07 – 0.87); p=0.026) were more than four times more likely to get cured compared to those who had spent less than one month. Results further showed that patients who were neutral in attributing their health state to the way they swallowed the TB medication (AOR = 0.33; 95%CI (0.12 – 0.9); p=0.001) were 67% less likely to get cured compared to patients who strongly agreed that their health status were attributed to the way they swallowed TB medication. Majority of the TB patients described the program as vital in treatment of TB disease as health caregivers would work closely with TB patients to adhere to treatment. Further, the study revealed that CB-DOT improved TB treatment outcomes. Monitoring the swallowing of TB drugs by health workers, health education and regular visits were highly recommended. Therefore, studies on policies for implementation of patient-centered and community-centered CB-DOT deserve further attention.
Nature Water Talks: waiting for the UN Water Conference
Authors: Grafton Quentin , Gupta Joyeeta , Matthews John , McDonnell Rachael
Published: March 2023

The first global conference on water in almost 50 years will be held at the UN headquarters in New York on March 22-24. Please join us for a conversation with Quentin Grafton (Australian National University), Joyeeta Gupta (University of Amsterdam), John Matthews (AGWA), and Rachael McDonnell (IWMI) about expectations of this global event and about challenges and opportunities on the road ahead.

The webinar will be 7pm London time, which is 3pm US Eastern Time this week
Vidas prescindibles: resistencia y derecho en las cárceles colombianas
Authors: Macana Gutiérrez Nataly , Tamayo Arboleda Fernando León
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo analiza la forma en que el Estado colombiano gobierna la resistencia de las personas privadas de la libertad. Mostraremos cómo el Estado ha desincentivado el ejercicio de la protesta al interior de los penales, y cómo esto deja a la acción de tutela como único mecanismo posible para proteger los derechos de la población privada de la libertad. Aunque, como resultado de las acciones de tutela, la Corte Constitucional ha reconocido la existencia de violaciones masivas de los derechos fundamentales, la persistencia de las vulneraciones –acompañada de la exclusión del uso de la protesta como mecanismo de resistencia– deja a la población privada de la libertad inmovilizada entre un discurso constitucional sin efectividad material y la amenaza de la represión violenta de sus actos de resistencia. Para lo anterior, en este artículo se presenta un estudio de caso sobre la lucha por los derechos y la resistencia colectiva de los privados de la libertad de la cárcel La Modelo de Bogotá.
GHz-to-THz broadband communications for 6G non-terrestrial networks
Authors: Saeed Akhtar , Yaldiz Hilal Esra , Alagoz Fatih
Published: March 2023

Recently, Terahertz (THz) band communications at various atmospheric altitudes have been studied due to larger bandwidth availability and reduced water vapor concentrations at higher atmospheric altitudes as compared to sea level. In this paper, as special cases of 6G aerial communication networks, we consider: (1) Low Altitude Platform-to-High Altitude Platform (LAP-to-HAP), (2) HAP-to-HAP, and (3) HAP-to-Satellite (HAP-to-SAT) GHz-to-THz broadband communications over (1-1000) GHz by analyzing total path loss and total usable bandwidth. For obtaining realistic absorption loss at practical altitudes, we employ the International Telecommunications Union's (ITU) model using the standard weather profile. We consider four practical carrier frequencies offering low absorption loss values i.e., f1 = 0.140 THz (D band: 110-170 GHz), f2 = 0.300 THz (275-325 GHz), f3 = 0.750 THz, and f4 = 0.875 THz for analyzing total path loss. Numerical results show that due to improved atmospheric conditions particularly above 23 km altitudes, increasing the Rx-HAP altitude in HAP-to-HAP communications promises a lower total path loss of up to 7.7 %, even at the cost of an increase in the Tx-Rx-HAP distance from 1 km to 34 km, promising Tbps rates for 6G non-terrestrial communications. Additionally, total usable bandwidth analysis demonstrates that with total antenna gains of 80 dBi, bandwidth in the order of 100s of GHz is usable for the LAP-to-HAP scenario, the entire considered broadband is usable for the HAP-to-HAP scenario between 16 km to 50 km, and the HAP-to-SAT scenario between a HAP at 19 km and SAT at 100 km, truly showcasing the potential of employing GHz-to-THz broadband communications cognitively over (1-1000) GHz for various practical 6G non-terrestrial networks.
Boosting smarter digital health care with 5G and beyond networks
Authors: Liu Enjie , Zhao Youbing , Efunogbon Abimbola
Published: March 2023

With 5G and beyond on the horizon, ultra-fast and low latency data transmission on the cloud and via the Internet will enable more intelligent and interactive medical and health-care applications. This paper presents a review of 5G technologies and their related applications in the health-care sector. The introduction to 5G technology includes software defined network, 5G architecture and edge computing. The second part of the paper then presents the opportunities provided by 5G to the health-care sector and employs medical imaging applications as central examples to demonstrate the impacts of 5G and the cloud. Finally, this paper summarize the benefits brought by 5G and cloud computing to the health-care sector.
A consensus-based approach to reputational routing in multi-hop networks
Authors: Staddon Edward , Loscri Valeria , Mitton Nathalie
Published: March 2023

When it comes to the security of the Internet of Things (IoT), securing their communications is paramount. In multi-hop networks, nodes relay information amongst themselves, opening the data up to tampering by an intermediate device. To detect and avoid such malicious entities, we grant nodes the ability to analyse their neighbours behaviour. Through the use of consensus-based validation, based upon the blockchain's miners, all nodes can agree on the trustworthiness of all devices in the network. By expressing this through a node's reputation, it is possible to identify malicious devices and isolate them from network activities. By incorporating this metric into a multi-hop routing protocol such as AODV, we can influence the path selection process. Instead of defining the best route based upon overall length, we can choose the most reputable path available, thus traversing trustworthy devices. By performing extensive analyses through multiple simulated scenarios, we can identify a decrease in packet drop rates compared to AODV by approximately 48% and 38% when subjected to black hole attacks with 30 and 100 node networks respectively. Furthermore, by subjecting our system to varying degrees of grey holes, we can confirm its adaptability to different types of threats.
Campus Food Shed: Student-led efforts at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to support food-insecure peers
Authors: DePorter Hayden , Moss Shayna , Ayo Puc Grace , Ayalasomayajula Kavya , Goldman Irwin
Published: March 2023

Despite the ubiquity of campus food insecurity, it has often been an issue silent, faceless, and ignored. Only within the last decade has it received recognition as a national crisis (McCoy et al., 2022). Perhaps because college is widely regarded as a privileged endeavor, requiring substantial tuition dollars from students and their families, food insecurity has not received the attention or resources that it deserves. Although policy-level and administrative changes should take the lead in addressing the issue, student-led groups have played a role in initiating action. Campus Food Shed (CFS), a University of Wisconsin-Madison student organization, seeks to address these concerns. Spearheaded by students, the organization partners with local grocery stores and research farms to distribute leftover food items, assisting peers across the UW-Madison campus with access to free, nutritious food. As UW-Madison alumni, our experiences through CFS have brought to our attention nationwide concerns regarding food insecurity (Goldrick-Rab et al., 2017). In addition, studies across the country over the last five years have demonstrated the severity of food insecurity for many college and university students (Baker-Smith et al., 2020; Broton & Cady, 2020; Broton & Goldrick-Rab, 2017; Laska et al., 2020; Watson et al., 2017). . . .