bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
José Martí, fine sand. Archive and reading in a short story by Marcial Gala
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Argentina, Garbatzky Irina ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina
Published: February 2021

The article addresses the problem of the reading and archive of José Martí in the short story “Three months before Pilar’s death” (2010), by Marcial Gala. Towards the end of the 20th century, the Cuban intellectual field made breaking with the national hero a requirement for its own legibility. Gala is a contemporary of these debates and the short story presents similar themes to other narratives of the Special Period, as well as a critical treatment of the figure of Martí. Nevertheless, it enables an exploration of the remainders of Martí’s archive, organizing and systematizing his discourse in different, though not canonical fashion. These archival operations are put forward through two actions: detonating Martí’s poem “Los zapaticos de rosa”, published in La Edad de Oro in 1889, reorganizing its fragments and placing the exercise of reading at its center.
From soybean fever to soil degradation. Economy, ecology and politics in middle-western Dry Chaco agriculture, Argentina (1960-1990)
Authors:   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina, Zorzoli Facundo Marcelo ,   Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Argentina
Published: February 2021

This article analyzes the processes of agrarian change associated to the first expansion of the extensive dryland agriculture frontier in middle-western Dry Chaco (northwestern Argentina) during the 1960-1990 period. The singularity of the case in relation to other agrarian spaces of the region is that soybean cultivation was introduced in the 1960s in the farming colonies of that area, constituting one of the first spaces in Argentina where soybean was produced commercially. This experience constituted the precedent in relation to which public organizations and private companies produced knowledge and technology to achieve economically positive results on what until then was a marginal space, based on a crop with no national background in semi-arid spaces. In the 1970s, investors from other sectors of the economy acquired land and imprinted a business model for agriculture in the study area. However, during the 1980s soil degradation became a general problem that slowed the expansion of the previous decade.
The Daphnia Carapace and the Origin of Novel Structures
Authors: Bruce Heather
Published: February 2021

Understanding how novel structures arise is a central question in evolution. The carapace of the waterflea Daphnia is a bivalved “cape” of exoskeleton that surrounds the animal, and has been proposed to be one of many novel structures that arose through repeated co-option of genes that also pattern insect wings. To determine whether the Daphnia carapace is a novel structure, the expression of pannier, the Iroquois gene aurucan, and vestigial are compared between Daphnia, Parhyale, and Tribolium. The results suggest that the Daphnia carapace did not arise by cooption, but instead represents an elongated ancestral exite (lateral lobe or plate) that emerges from a proximal leg segment that was incorporated into the Daphnia body wall. The Daphnia carapace therefore appears to be homologous to the Parhyale tergal plate and the insect wing. In addition, the vg-positive region that gives rise to the Daphnia carapace also appears to be present in Parhyale and Tribolium, which do not form a carapace. Thus, rather than a novel structure resulting from gene co-option, the carapace appears to have arisen from an ancient, conserved developmental field that persists in a cryptic state in other arthropod lineages, but in Daphnia became elaborated into the carapace. Cryptic persistence of serially homologous developmental fields may thus be a general solution for the origin of many novel structures.
Phenotypic Characteristics of Strawberry related to Photo-physiological Parameters according to Temperature and Relative Humidity in a Greenhouse after Planting
Authors: Choi Hyo Gil , Kang Nam Jun
Published: February 2021

The low relative humidity (RH) levels in a greenhouse during the daytime in a strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) cultivation period negatively affect the growth of strawberry related to photo-physiology. Therefore, this study was conducted to confirm an efficient RH management method by analyzing the phenotypic characteristics related to photo-physiology by controlling the RH in a greenhouse during the daytime with a fog system. Strawberry plants were grown respectively in a greenhouse affected by natural RH changes (control) and in a greenhouse with 40% ~ 50% RH adjusted during the daytime using a fog system. In the greenhouse, with controlled RH, the temperature decreased, and the RH was higher in the initial growth stage of strawberry planting than the control. It was observed a significant increase in the survival rate of the strawberry plant, as well as the incidence of powdery mildew, was lowered. In addition, the photosynthetic rate and OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence transients related to photosystem II efficiency of strawberry leaves were significantly higher in the fog treatment than in the control. In winter, during the day, the number of days on which the temperature dropped below 20℃ has increased, the greenhouse temperature with controlled RH was lower due to the fog system. When the yield per strawberry plant in January and February was investigated, the control was higher than the RH treatment. Therefore, RH management using a fog system must be controlled at a level where a temperature range is adequate for plant growth, in which the efficient control of these parameters increases strawberry productivity.
A Sustainable Slit Jet FTIR Spectrometer for Hydrate Complexes and Beyond
Authors: Gottschalk Hannes , Fischer Taija , Meyer Volker , Hildebrandt Reinhard , Schmitt Ulrich , Suhm Martin
Published: February 2021

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy of cold molecules and clusters in supersonic slit jet expansions complements and extends more sensitive action spectroscopy techniques and provides important reference data for the latter. We describe how its major drawback, large substance and carrier gas consumption, can be alleviated by one to two orders of magnitude via direct and continuous recycling of the gas mixture. This is achieved by a combination of dry rotary lobe and screw pump compression. The signal-to-noise ratio is boosted by the established buffered giant gas pulse technique with full interferogram synchronization. The buildup of water impurities typically limits the recycling gain, but is turned into a feature for the study of hydrate complexes of volatile molecules. Continuous operation with a single gas filling over several days becomes practical and useful. Decadic absorbances in the low ppm range are detectable and the mid infrared range can be recorded simultaneously with the near infrared. The less straightforward hydration number assignment of spectral features in direct absorption spectroscopy is supported by a gradual water buildup at a rate of less than 0.5 mg/h. A recent reassignment proposal for the water dimer OH stretching spectrum is refuted and vibrational spectra of vacuum-isolated 18O-water clusters are presented for the first time. Methanol docking on asymmetric ketones is used to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the recycling concept. Previous assignments of the hydrate complex of 1-phenylethanol are confirmed. Additional features of the setup await testing and refinement, but the recycling technique already substantially widens the applicability of direct absorption spectroscopy of neutral molecular clusters. It may be attractive for other high-throughput jet spectrometers.
The Challenge of Monitoring Impurity Content of CO2 Streams
Authors: Morland Bjørn H. , Svenningsen Gaute , Dugstad Arne
Published: February 2021

Carbon capture and storage has gotten increased attention during the last decade, and several full-scale projects are currently being planned. This requires transportation of large quantities of CO2 from the capturing plant to the end point. From economic and public acceptance point of view it is important to ensure that the transportation system is operated in a safe manner. Thus, avoiding threats like corrosion or formation of particles are important. It is therefore required to monitor that the transported CO2 fulfils the required specifications, and in practice this means that the impurity content of the CO2 must be analysed. CO2 will in most cases be transported in the liquid or supercritical state (high pressure), which makes the practicalities around chemical analysis more difficult. Phase transition from liquid or supercritical state to gaseous state may also introduce several physiochemical effects that may affect the analysis. This paper discusses technical and practical challenges with such types of analysis. Most of this work is based on experience that was gained during development of analytical system for dense phase CO2 in a joint industry project that studied corrosion and chemical reactions in a simulated CO2 transport system.
Origins of the Time, Mass, Energy, Wave Function, Electric Charges, and Magnetic Monopoles
Authors: Hwang Jae-Kwang
Published: February 2021

Origins of the time, mass, electric charges and magnetic monopoles are explained. The energies, electric charges and magnetic charges of the particles are defined as E = cDtDV and |q| = cDt = E/DV, and |qm| = c2Dt, respectively, for the 3-D quantized spaces warped along the time axis direction of ct in the 4-D Euclidean space. The energy (or mass) and charges (or electric charges and magnetic charges) are the vectors along the time axis of ct in the 4-D Euclidean space. This new concept is closely connected to the wave function of the quantum mechanics. The electric charges, magnetic charges and energies have the property of the space direction independence. Magnetic monopoles (charges) are the force carrying bosons with the inside electric field time loop. Electric monopoles are the elementary fermions. Photon space fluctuations are explained with the quantized magnetic charges.
Asymptotic Freedom, Quark Confinement, Proton Spin Crisis, Neutron Structure, Dark Matters, and Relative force strengths
Authors: Hwang Jae-Kwang
Published: February 2021

The relative force strengths of the Coulomb forces, gravitational forces, dark matter forces, weak forces and strong forces are compared for the dark matters, leptons, quarks, and normal matters (p and n baryons) in terms of the 3-D quantized space model. The quark confinement and asymptotic freedom are explained by the CC merging to the A(CC=-5)3 state. The proton with the (EC,LC,CC) charge configuration of p(1,0,-5) is p(1,0) + A(CC=-5)3. The A(CC=-5)3 state has the 99.6% of the proton mass. The three quarks in p(1,0,-5) are asymptotically free in the EC and LC space of p(1,0) and are strongly confined in the CC space of A(CC=-5)3. This means that the lepton beams in the deep inelastic scattering interact with three quarks in p(1,0) by the EC interaction and weak interaction. Then, the observed spin is the partial spin of p(1,0) which is 32.6 % of the total spin (1/2) of the proton. The A(CC=-5)3 state has the 67.4 % of the proton spin. This explains the proton spin crisis. The EC charge distribution of the proton is the same to the EC charge distribution of p(1,0) which indicates that three quarks in p(1,0) are mostly near the proton surface. From the EC charge distribution of neutron, the 2 lepton system (called as the koron) of the koron is, for the first time, reported in the present work.
A Unified, Clustering-Based Framework for Detection of Spatial and Energy Anomalies in Trajectories Utilizing ADS-B Data
Authors: Corrado Samantha , Puranik Tejas , Pinon Fischer Olivia , Mavris Dimitri
Published: February 2021

As air traffic demand grows, robust, data-driven anomaly detection methods are required to ensure that aviation systems become safer and more efficient. The terminal airspace is identified as the most critical airspace for both individual flight-level and system-level safety and efficiency. As such, developing data-driven anomaly detection methods to analyze terminal airspace operations is paramount. With the expansion of ADS-B technology, open-source flight tracking data has become more readily available to enable larger-scale analyses of aircraft operations. This paper makes a distinction between spatial metrics in ADS-B trajectory data and energy metrics derived from ADS-B trajectory data. Motivated by the limited number of approaches that simultaneously consider both spatial and energy metrics, this paper introduces the concepts of spatial anomalies and energy anomalies. In particular, it proposes a novel, unified framework for detection of spatial and energy anomalies in ADS-B trajectory data (and associated derived metrics). The framework consists of three main parts - a data processing procedure, a spatial anomaly detection method, and an energy anomaly detection method. The framework is demonstrated utilizing four months of ADS-B trajectory data associated with arrivals at San Francisco International Airport, and the relationship between the spatial and energy anomalies in this terminal airspace is explored. The results that stem from the implementation of this framework indicate that if an aircraft is spatially not conforming to an identified set of air traffic flows representing standard spatial operations, then this aircraft is more likely to experience non-conformance to standard operations in its energy metrics. Aviation operators, such as air traffic controllers, may benefit from this observation, as it may factor into decision-making in instances where there is the potential to instruct an aircraft to spatially deviate from standard operations. Additionally, this research revealed underlying differences between trajectories that are spatially nominal yet energy-anomalous and those trajectories that are spatially anomalous and energy-anomalous. Focusing solely on energy anomaly detection does not provide insight into potential spatial-related decisions that may have been made to result in off-nominal energy behavior.
Test of Sodium Aluminate (Boraks) Content in Bakso in North Sangatta Sub-District (Case Study in Bakso Store)
Authors: Tiku Martha , Tamal Mey Angraeni , Imam Sanusi
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the content of borax in meatballs in North Sangatta District meatball stalls. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. The meatball samples used were 270 samples obtained from 30 meatball stalls in North Sangatta and tested at the Animal Health and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory of East Kutai Agriculture Office in East Kalimantan. The test was carried out to find out whether or not the meatball sample contained borax using the borax test kid. If a positive meatball sample contains borax, then the borax test paper will be brownish red while if the negative meatball sample is borax test paper is yellow. The test results showed that all meatball samples were negative (containing no borax). Based on the research it was concluded that the meatballs were not identified to contain borax.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KEPENTINGAN BANK SEBAGAI PERUSAHAAN TARGET AKUISISI
Authors: Purnamasari Indrianita Melissa , , Pujiyono
Published: February 2021

Abstract

This article aims to know what legal protection for banks as the target company in the acquisition, as mandated by article 5 of Government Regulation No.28 of 1999 on Merger, Consolidation and Acquisition bank. This research uses the legislation and conceptual approach. Source material law use either be primary and secondary legal materials. Mechanical collection of legal materials were used that the study of literature. The analysis technique use is the syllogism and interpretation using deductive thinking patterns. Based on the result of this research, that there is some protection to the bank`s target of both preventive and repressive set out in the legislation. Legal protection stipulated in the legislation itself is nothing explicitly regulated there is also a set implicitly that acquisition must obtain permission from the head of the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) in advance, then the criteria that should be met by the new controlling shareholder in order to acquire bank will be tested and assessed by the OJK, and the arrangements regarding the requirement to hold sufficient capital to shareholders of the controlling shareholder in the bank.

Keywords: Legal Protection, Bank Acquisition, Target Company

Abstrak

Artikel hukum ini bertujuan untuk megetahui perlindungan hukum seperti apa bagi bank sebagai perusahaan target dalam akuisisi, sebagaimana yang diamanatkan oleh Pasal 5 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 1999 tentang Merger, Akuisisi dan Konsolidasi Bank. Penelitian hukum ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif atau dokterinal, dan bersifat preskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan pendekatan konseptual. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan berup bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan yaitu studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah silogisme dan interpretasi dengan menggunakan pola berfikir deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan ini dihasilkan simpulan bahwa ada beberapa perlindungan kepada bank target baik itu prefentif dan juga represif yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Perlindungan hukum yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan itu sendiri ada yang diatur secara eksplisit ada juga yang diatur secara implisit yakni akuisisi yang wajib memperoleh izin dari pimpinan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) terlebih dahulu, kemudian adanya kriteria yang perlu dipenuhi oleh pemegang saham pengendali baru untuk dapat mengakuisisi bank yang nantinya akan di uji dan dinilai oleh OJK, dan pengaturan mengenai kewajiban memiliki modal yang cukup untuk pemegang saham menjadi pemegang saham pengendali pada bank.

Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Akuisisi Bank, Perusahaan Target
PROSES PEMBATALAN PUTUSAN ARBITRASE DITINJAU DARI UU No. 30 TAHUN 1999 (Studi Putusan No. 86/PDT.G/2002/PN.JKT.PST)
Authors: Maretta Astri , Asrori S Hudi
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This  article  aimed  to  describe  the  annulment  of  International Arbitration Award,  especially  between Pertamina and Karaha Bodas Company’s Case, also the legal consequences of the annulment. This study is a prespective normative and empirical law research. The approach is judicial and empirical judicial. The legal substance that is use in this research are the primary and secondary legal materials. The techniques to this research is by doing a research to PT. Pertamina (Persero) through searches of legislation and literature related to this research.. The approach is qualitative and case approach. The results are, first, the annulment of International Arbital Award on the case of Pertamina and Karaha Bodas is not following the applicable arbitration Law No. 30 of 1999. Second, the annulment is not granted by the Supreme Court so Pertamina require to implement the contents of international arbitration award.

Keywords: Arbitration, Arbitration Award, Annulment of Arbitration.

Abstrak
Artikel ini mendeskripsikan mengenai kesesuaian pelaksanaan permohonan pembatalan putusan arbitrase internasional dalam kasus Pertamina dengan Karaha Bodas, serta akibat hukum dari pembatalan sebuah putusan arbitrase internasional. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif empiris yang bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif. Bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penulisan hukum ini dengan melakukan penelitian di Kantor Pusat PT. Pertamina (Persero) serta melalui penelusuran peraturan perundang-undangan serta literatur yang berhubungan dengan artikel ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini, Pertama, proses pembatalan putusan arbitrase internasional dalam kasus  Pertamina  dengan  Karaha  Bodas  Company  belum  mengikuti  ketentuan  yang  berlaku  dalam Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa. Kedua, pembatalan putusan arbitrase yang ditolak adalah kembali pulihnya kekuatan eksekuatur dari putusan arbitrase internasional tersebut dan mengharuskan Pertamina untuk melaksanakan isi dari putusan arbitrase internasional tersebut.

Kata Kunci: Arbitrase, Putusan Arbitrase, Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase
KEWENANGAN PENGADILAN DALAM PEMBATALAN PUTUSAN ARBITRASE INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Permatasari Yuanita , , Pranoto
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to find out the recognition and enforcement of international arbitration award in Indonesia, as well as the authority of the courts in annulment the international arbitration award in Indonesia. This research is a normative and prescriptive legal research. The type and source of materials used is the source of secondary legal material. The legal substances used in this study are of two kinds, namely primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The method of collecting legal materials in this study is obtained through assessment of existing libraries, books, law journals, and court awards. Based on the result of the discussion, it can be concluded: Firstly, the international arbitration award can be recognized and enforced if the award is registered and obtain an execution from the Central Jakarta District Court. International arbitration rulings can only be recognized and enforced if they full fil the conditions in Article 66 of Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution law. Second, the international arbitration award is final and binding. However, in reality many international arbitration awards are requested for annulment to the Court in Indonesia.

Keywords: international arbitration award, annulment of international arbitration award, enforcement of international arbitration award

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional di Indonesia, serta kewenangan pengadilan dalam membatalkan putusan arbitrase internasional di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan penulis adalah pendekatan kasus. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder, dengan teknik analisis bahan hukum menggunakan metode silogisme dan interpretasi dengan menggunakan pola berpikir deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan dapat disimpulkan: Pertama, agar putusan arbitrase internasional dapat diakui dan dilaksanakan, maka putusan tersebut harus terlebih dahulu didaftarkan dan memperoleh exequatur dari Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat. Putusan arbitrase internasional hanya dapat diakui dan dilaksanakan apabila memenuhi syarat-syarat yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 66 Undang-Undang Nomor. 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa. Kedua, putusan arbitrase internasional bersifat final and binding. Sehingga, putusan arbitrase internasional tidak dapat diajukan upaya pembatalan putusan arbitrase. Namun, dalam realitanya banyak putusan arbitrase internasional yang dimintakan pembatalannya kepada Pengadilan di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: putusan arbitrase internasional, pembatalan putusan arbitrase internasional, pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional
IMPLEMENTASI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 10 TAHUUN 1998 PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 1992 DALAM AKUISISI BANK BUMN TERHADAP BANK SWASTA (Telaah Studi Bank Rakyat Indonesia Terhadap Bank Agroniaga)
Authors: Saputra Doras Nugraha , , Djuwityastuti
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article of  this research is know how to main base into consideration Bank Rakyat Indonesia in doing Agroniaga, Bank acquisitions and ownership as well as knowing the order management after the acquisition of pengambilalhian shares or conducted by the people’s Bank of Indonesia against the Bank Agroniaga of Law Number 10 Of 1998 changes to the Law Number Number 7 Of 1992. This research is socio legal. The research is descriptive. Types of data used include primary data and secondary data, which includes primary legal materials and legal secondary materials. Data collection techniques used with interviews and studies library. Data analysis techniques used in this research was the qualitative analysis. The results of research and discussion of the basic considerations that Rakyat Indonesia Bank in the acquisition of the Agroniaga Bank business expansion, addition of assets as there are similarities in core business, namely in the field of agribusiness, the demand for Indonesia of Bank to Rakyat Indonesia Bank to acquire Agroniaga Bank who are going through a slump. Agroniaga Bank ownership after being acquired belong to the people’s Indonesia of Bank. Management of the Agroniaga Bank chosen unilaterally by the people’s Indonesia of Bank.

Keywords : Rakyat Indonesia Bank and Agroniaga Bank, acquisition, basic considerations,  ownership and governance.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai dasar utama yang menjadi pertimbangan Bank Rakyat Indonesia  dalam  melakukan  akuisisi  Bank Agroniaga,  dan  mengetahui  kepemilikan  serta  susunan kepengurusan sesudah akuisisi atau pengambilalhian saham yang dilakukan oleh Bank Rakyat Indonesia terhadap Bank Agroniaga ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder, yang mencakup bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan bahwa dasar  pertimbangan Bank Rakyat Indonesia dalam melakukan akuisisi Bank Agroniaga yaitu ekspansi bisnis, penambahan aset karena terdapat kemiripan pada core bussines yaitu dibidang agribisnis, permintaan Bank Indonesia kepada Bank Rakyat Indonesia untuk mengakuisisi  Bank Agroniaga  yang  sedang  mengalami  keterpurukan.  Kepemilikan  Bank Agroniaga setelah diakuisisi menjadi milik Bank Rakyat Indonesia. Kepengurusan Bank Agroniaga dipilih secara sepihak oleh Bank Rakyat Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Bank Rakyat Indonesia dan Bank Agroniaga, akuisisi, dasar pertimbangan, kepemilikan dan kepengurusan
KELEMAHAN UNDANG-UNDANG MEREK DALAM HAL PENDAFTARAN MEREK (Studi Atas Putusan Sengketa Merek Pierre Cardn)
Authors: Perdana Karlina , , Pujiyono
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This legal research examines the weakness of Act No. 20 of 2016 on Marks and Geographical Indications, as until now there is still a knockoff brands that passed trademark registration in Indonesia. This research uses  doctrinal  or  normative  prescriptive  research  methods.  Results  of  this  study  is  the  absence  of the requirements and there are multiple interpretations of the philosophy of the brand famous brand understanding and similarity in principle or in its entirety.

Keyword: Trademark registration, weakness of Act
 
Abstrak
Penulisan hukum ini mengkaji mengenai kelemahan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis sebagaimana sampai sekarang ini masih terdapat merek-merek tiruan yang lolos pendaftaran merek di Indonesia. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal atau normatif yang bersifat preskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tidak adanya persyaratan filosofi merek dan terdapat multitafsir pemahaman merek terkenal dan persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya.

Kata kunci: pendaftaran merek, kelemahan UU
EKSISTENSI KARTU KREDIT DENGAN ADANYA ELECTRONIC MONEY (E-MONEY) SEBAGAI ALAT PEMBAYARAN YANG SAH
Authors: , Sekar Salma Salsabila , , Pranoto
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses about the existence of credit cards after electronic money (e-money) as a legitimate
payment instrument. This method of legal writing using normative legal research methods. Regulation
of Bank Indonesia Number 16/8/PBI/2014 about Amendment to Regulation of Bank Indonesia Number
11/12/PBI/2009 about Electronic Money raises non-cash payment instruments in addition to credit cards,
debit cards and ATM namely e-money as part of the legitimate payment instrument in Indonesia. This
causes the number of credit cards is less than the e-money circulation.
Keywords : E-money; credits card; non-cash payment instrumen.

Abstrak
Tulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana eksistensi kartu kredit setelah munculnya uang elektronik
(e-money)  sebagai  alat  pembayaran  yang  sah.  Metode  penulisan  hukum  ini  menggunakan  metode
penelitian  hukum  normatif.  Peraturan  Bank  Indonesia  Nomor  16/08/PBI/2014  tentang  Perubahan
Atas  Peraturan  Bank  Indonesia  Nomor  11/12/PBI/2009  tentang  Uang  Elektronik  (Electronic  Money)
memunculkan alat pembayaran non tunai selain kartu kredit, kartu debit dan ATM yaitu e-money sebagai
bagian dari alat pembayaran yang sah di Indonesia. Hal ini menyebabkan jumlah kartu kredit yang beredar
menjadi lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan peredaran e-money.
Kata Kunci : E-money; kartu kredit; alat pembayaran non tunai
EFEKTIVITAS PENDEKATAN RULE OF REASON DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM PERSEKONGKOLAN TENDER BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 5 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG LARANGAN PRAKTIK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT
Authors: , Bambang Eko Nugroho , , Munawar Kholil
Published: February 2021

Abstrack
This article describes and examines the problem, firstly whether the arrangement of the Rule of Reason
approach in enforcement of tender conspiracy can be effectively implemented. This study is a descriptive
empirical law study. Types of primary and secondary data. Data completion technique used is interviews,
observation, and literature study with interactive qualitative method. The law enforcement of tender
conspiracy by using the rule of reason approach so far can be effectively implemented by the Business
Competition Supervisory Commission, by making the factor of law and economic condition and procedure
of the Commission of Business Competition Supervisor itself.
Keywords: Legal Effectiveness; Rule of Reason; KPPU; Tendering Conspiracy

Abstrak
Artikel  ini  mendeskripsikan  dan  mengkaji  permasalahan,  pengaturan  pendekatan  Rule  of  Reason
dalam  penegakan  hukum  persekongkolan  tender  dapat  efektif  dilaksanakan.  Penelitian  ini  adalah
penelitian  hukum  empiris  bersifat  deksriptif.  Jenis  data  primer  dan  sekunder. Teknik  pengumpulan
data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi kepustakaan, selanjutnya teknis analisis
yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif interaktif. Penegakan hukum persekongkolan tender dengan
menggunakan pendekatan rule of reason sejauh ini efektif dilaksanakan oleh Komisi Pengawas Persaingan
Usaha, dengan menjadikan faktor keadaan dari segi hukum dan segi ekonomi maupun prosedur teknis
dari Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha itu sendiri.
Kata Kunci : Efektivitas Hukum; Rule of Reason; KPPU; Persekongkolan Tender
PENYELESAIAN WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT DI BANK BRI KCP JOMBANG KOTA
Authors: , Fitri Ayu Ranti , , Hudi Asrori S
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article examines the settlement of credit agreement in bank BRI Jombang City branch. This research is
included in empirical law studies. The type of data used is primary data which is the result of interviews and
documents that can be directly from the research location,and using secondary data as supporting material.
Result of research indicate that wanprestasi in credit agreement in bank BRI Jombang City branch occurs
in the form of late achievement. The credit agreement in the bank BRI Jombang City doesn’t include clearly
and in detail on settlement efforts in case of default,but the effort has been done by the bank BRI Jombang
City in resolving the wanprestasi that has occurred through 3R that is rescheduling, reconditioning, and
restructuring. The settlement of wanprestasi can also be done by conducting an auction of collateral goods.
prevention of wanprestasi done by bank BRI Jombang City that is by applying 5C in credit agreement.
Keywords: Settlement; Default; Credit Agreement

Abstrak
Artikel ini mengkaji penyelesaian wanprestasi perjanjian kredit di Bank BRI KCP Jombang Kota. Penelitian
ini  termasuk  ke  dalam  penelitian  hukum  empiris.  Jenis  data  yang  dipakai  adalah  data  primer  yang
berupa hasil wawancara serta dokumen-dokumen yang di dapat secara langsung dari lokasi penelitian,
serta menggunakan data sekunder sebagai bahan penunjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
wanprestasi dalam perjanjian kredit di Bank BRI KCP Jombang Kota terjadi dalam bentuk terlambat
berprestasi. Perjanjian kredit di Bank BRI KCP Jombang Kota tidak mencantumkan secara jelas dan
terperinci tentang upaya penyelesaian jika terjadi wanprestasi, namun upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh
Bank BRI KCP Jombang Kota dalam menyelesaikan wanprestasi yang terjadi telah melalui 3R yaitu
rescheduling(penjadwalan kembali), reconditioning (persyaratan kembali), dan restructuring (penataan
kembali). Penyelesaian wanprestasi dapat pula dilakukan dengan melakukan lelang benda jaminan. Upaya
pencegahan wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh Bank BRI KCP Jombang Kota yaitu dengan menerapkan
5C dalam perjanjian kredit.
Kata Kunci: Penyelesaian; Wanprestasi; Perjanjian Kredit;
IMPLEMENTASI STANDARISASI BATIK BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG STANDARISASI DAN PENILAIAN KESESUAIAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Utomo Priyo , Kharisma Dona Budi
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article describes how to apply standardization on batik in Yogyakarta. This is based on the globalization of trade which requires all products to meet standards that have been applied internationally to be accepted in the international market. The methodology and research used are empirical legal research methods that are sociological juridical, namely understanding the conditions and social situations in which the law is applied. The results of the study show that law enforcement officers in this case are the Yogyakarta City Industri and Trade Department and the Yogyakarta Center for Crafts and Batik has not made maximum effort. The legal rules that apply are not relevant to current conditions because the application of standardization of batik which is a benchmark to be accepted in the international market cannot be enforced. In addition, there are still many legal cultures in the batik industri that ignore the law, especially batik standardization. This has an impact on batik entrepreneurs who apply standardization on batik in the city of Yogyakarta are still very few due to various obstacles.
Keywords: Standardization; Batik; International Trade; Application of Rules; Problems

Abstrak
Artikel ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana penerapan standarisasi pada batik di Kota Yogyakarta. Hal tersebut didasari oleh globalisasi perdagangan yang menuntut semua produk harus memenuhi standar yang telah
diterapkan secara internasional agar dapat diterima di pasar internasional. Metodologi dan penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat yuridis sosiologis, yaitu memahami kondisi dan situasi sosial kemasyarakatan di mana hukum itu diterapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aparat penegak hukum dalam hal ini adalah Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kota Yogyakarta serta Balai Besar Kerajinan dan Batik Yogyakarta belum melakukan usaha yang maksimal. Aturan hukum yang berlaku tidak relevan dengan kondisi sekarang ini dikarenakan penerapan standarisasi batik yang menjadi tolok ukur untuk dapat diterima di pasar internasional tidak dapat dipaksakan penerapannya. Selain itu budaya hukum dalam pelaku industri batik masih banyak yang mengabaikan hukum, khususnya standarisasi batik. Hal demikian berdampak pada pelaku usaha batik yang menerapan standarisasi pada batik di Kota Yogyakarta masih sangat sedikit yang dikarenakan berbagai kendala yang ada.
Kata Kunci: Standarisasi; Batik; Perdagangan Internasional; Penerapan Aturan; Problematika.
PERJANJIAN ASURANSI UNTUK KEPENTINGAN PIHAK KETIGA ANTARA PT. ASURANSI RAMAYANA DAN JNE DALAM PENYELENGARAN PENGANGKUTAN BARANG
Authors: Amalia Putri Nur , Suryono Arief
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to see how the implementation of insurance delivery of goods PT. Ramayana Insurance with PT. JNE. The type of research used by the author is empirical research. To know the circumstances that occur in practice, the authors collect secondary data first. Furthermore, the authors collect primary data data as a supporter.The results obtained by the author as follows. First, the implementation of Insurance occurs in the delivery of goods by PT. JNE. Third party acts as a party to bear the risks that may arise in the implementation of mail delivery and domestic packages are required. Second, in the implementation of insurance PT. JNE involving third parties namely PT. Asuransi Ramayana Tbk. Third, the PT. JNE has constraints that are: (1) Users delivery service less cooperative in explaining about the object sent; (2) The shipping company shall not explain in detail the execution, how to use the insurance against the shipment, as well as the form of claim that may be submitted for the item insured. Based on the findings, the sender should explain honestly about the object to be sent, the Party Front Officer PT. JNE should be more active in delivering to the shipping service users and explaining in detail how to use insurance and how insurance claims.
Keywords: Intercountry adoption;  the habitual residence; adoptant; adoptandus.

Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana proses pelaksanaan asuransi pengirimanbarang PT. Asuransi Ramayana dengan PT. JNE.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian empiris.Untuk mengetahui keadaan yang terjadi didalam praktik, penulis mengumpulkan data sekunder terlebih dahulu. Selanjutnya, penulis mengumpulkan data primer sebagai penunjang.Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan oleh penulis sebagai berikut. Pertama, penulis akan menjelaskan bagaimana pelaksanaan perasuransian terjadi dalam pengiriman barang oleh PT. JNE. Pihak ketiga berperan sebagai pihak yang menanggung risiko yang mungkin timbul dalam pelaksanaan pengiriman surat dan paket domestik diperlukan. Kedua, dalam pelaksanaan asuransi PT. JNE yang melibatkan pihak ketiga yaitu PT. Asuransi Ramayana Tbk. Ketiga, pihak PT. JNE mengalami kendala yaitu : (1) Pengguna layanan pengiriman kurang kooperatif dalam menjelaskan mengenai objek yang dikirim; (2) Perusahaan pengiriman tidak menjelaskan secara terperinci mengenai pelaksanaan, cara menggunakan asuransi terhadap barang kiriman, serta bentuk klaim yang dapat diajukan atas barang kiriman yang diasuransikan. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, pihak pengirim hendaknya menjelaskan secara jujur mengenai objek yang akan dikirim, pihak Front Officer PT. JNE harus lebih aktif dalam menyampaikan kepada pengguna jasa pengiriman barang dan menjelaskan dengan rinci bagaimana cara menggunakan asuransi dan cara klaim asuransi.
Kata kunci: asuransi, pengiriman barang, ganti rugi
TANGGUNG JAWAB PERBANKAN DALAM KASUS PEMBOBOLAN DANA NASABAH (Studi Pembobolan Deposito milik PT. Elnusa, Tbk)
Authors: John Thessa Anial
Published: February 2021

Abstract

This article aims to study the bank’s responsibility towards fraud against customer with a case study of Bank Mega Fraud against PT. Elnusadeposito funds. This research is a normative legal research using constitutional and case study approach. The result of this research show that Bank Mega liquefyPT. Elnusadeposito funds carelessly without PT.Elnusa consent is an act against the law. Bank Mega hasfailed to fulfil it’s responsibility towardsthe customer as regulated Article 37 B paragraph (1) UndangUndang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 concerning banking service that stipulate every bank must guarantee the public funds deposited in the bank concerned The action of Bank Mega has caused losses both material and immaterial loss so that Bank Mega has to give responsibility and compensation for damage and consumer loss according to Article 19 paragraph (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 regarding consumer protection.

Keywords: Responsibility; prudential principles; banks; and customers.

Abstrak

Artikelini bertujuan mengkaji tanggung jawab perbankan terhadap pembobolan dana nasabah dengan

studi kasus terhadap Bank Mega dalam kasus pembobolan dana deposito PT.Elnusa, Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan melakukan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus.Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tindakan Bank Mega mencairkan dana deposito milik PT.Elnusa secara tidak hati-hati dan tanpa sepengetahuan PT. Elnusa merupakan tindakan yang melanggar hukum. Bank Mega telah tidak memenuhi kewajibannya terhadap nasabah sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 37 B ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan yang menyebutkan bahwa setiap bank wajib menjamin dana masyarakat yang disimpan pada bank yang bersangkutan. Tindakan Bank Mega telah menimbulkan kerugian baik materiil maupun immateriil sehingga Bank Mega selaku pelaku usaha berdasarkan Pasal 19 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen bertanggung jawab untuk memberikan ganti rugi atas kerusakan, pencemaran, dan/atau kerugian konsumen akibat mengkonsumsi barang dan/atau jasa yang dihasilkan.

Kata Kunci: Tanggung jawab; prinsip kehati-hatian; bank; dan nasabah.
PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM PENGGUNAAN KARTU ANJUNGAN TUNAI MANDIRI (ATM) BERLOGO GERBANG PEMBAYARAN NASIONAL (GPN)
Authors: Hariyanto Agus , Pujiyono '
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to examine the Legal Problems of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Card Usage with National Payment Gateway (GPN) Logo. The research method used is normative legal research with the nature of prescriptive research. The research approach is the statute approach and conceptual approach. The type of research data used is secondary data. The research data collection technique used is library research with deduction data analysis techniques.The results showed that the National Payment Gateway (GPN) which is a new product in Indonesian banking has several legal problems, that is creating potential fraud in the Automated Teller Machines (ATM) card with National Payment Gateway (GPN) logo and weak legal protection for customers in terms and conditions for making Automated Teller Machines (ATM) card with National Payment Gateway (GPN) logo. besides that the security system used in this interconnection card is unclear, and the potential for trade war.
Keyword: Legal Problems; Automated Teller Machines (ATM) card; National Payment Gateway (GPN)

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang problematika hukum penggunaan Anjungan Tunai Mandiri (ATM) berlogo Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional (GPN). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan sifat penelitian preskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Jenis data penelitian yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan sumber data penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi kepustakaan dengan teknik analisis data deduksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional (GPN) yang merupakan produk baru di perbankan Indonesia mempunyai beberapa problematika hukum, yaitu menciptakan potensi fraud dalam transaksi kartu Anjungan Tunai Mandiri (ATM) berlogo Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional (GPN) dan lemahnya perlindungan hukum terhadap nasabah dalam syarat dan ketentuan pembuatan kartu kartu Anjungan Tunai Mandiri (ATM) berlogo Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional (GPN), selain itu sistem keamanan yang digunakan dalam kartu interkoneksi ini belum jelas, dan yang adanya potensi perang dagang.
Kata Kunci: Problematika Hukum; Kartu Anjungan Tunai Mandiri (ATM); Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional (GPN)
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI RSUD DR. MOEWARDI SURAKARTA TERHADAP KETERLAMBATAN PEMBAYARAN KLAIM OLEH BPJS KESEHATAN
Authors: Zamharira Asna , Suryono Arief
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This articles aims to find out how legal protection for health facilities is towards late payment of claims by BPJS Health. The research method used in writing this law is a normative juridical research method that is research that uses secondary data or literature that is supported by primary data in the field as supporting data. Analysis of data using qualitative analysis. The results of the study revealed that health services in implementing the Health Insurance program between RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta with BPJS Health is based on a collaboration agreement between RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta with BPJS Kesehatan about Advanced Level Referral Health Services for Participants in the Health Insurance Program, one of which is the contents of a cooperation agreement regarding the payment system of claims. The claim system is carried out by referring to the agreement. In the system of claims there were still obstacles that is the delay in the payment of claims by BPJS Kesehatan to the hospital. As a form of legal protection, to resolve the problem of late payment of claims made in accordance with the cooperation agreement and Perpres No. 82 Tahun 2018 concerning Health Insurance. The Government and BPJS Kesehatan are expected to be able to make claims payments in accordance with the terms or agreed cooperation agreements.
Keywords: Cooperation agreement; Claim; BPJS Kesehatan; Hospital.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi fasilitas kesehatan tehadap keterlambatan pembayaran klaim oleh BPJS Kesehatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang menggunakan bahan-bahan hukum sekunder atau kepustakaan yang ditunjang dengan data primer di lapangan sebagai data pendukung. Data diolah dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pelayanan kesehatan dalam melaksanakan program Jaminan Kesehatan antara RSUD DR. Moewardi  Surakarta dengan BPJS Kesehatan didasarkan pada perjanjian kejasama antara RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta dengan BPJS Kesehatan tentang Pelayanan Kesehatan Rujukan Tingkat Lanjutan bagi Peserta Program Jaminan Kesehatan yang salah satu isi perjanjiannya mengenai sistem pembayaran klaim. Sistem pembayaran klaim dilakukan dengan berpedoman pada perjanjian kerjasama. Dalam sistem klaim masih ditemui hambatan yaitu terjadinya keterlambatan pembayaran klaim oleh BPJS Kesehatan kepada rumah sakit. Sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum, untuk penyelesaian permasalahan keterlambatan pembayaran klaim dilakukan sesuai dengan perjanjian kerjasama dan Perpres No. 82 Tahun 2018 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan. Pemerintah dan BPJS Kesehatan diharapkan dapat melaksanan pembayaran klaim sesuai dengan ketentuan atau perjanjian kerjasama yang telah disepakati.
Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Kerjasam; Klaim; BPJS Kesehatan; Rumah Sakit.