bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Providing Laboratory Monitoring of Environmental Objects During the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Gorsky A. A. , Gus'kov A. S. , Ivanov G. E. , Chikina L. V. , Stepanov V. S. , Pochtareva E. S. , Aksenova O. I. , Shcerbina L. I. , Parhomenko V. V. , Kulichenko O. A. , Komarova N. S. , Shevchenko E. P. , Klinduhov V. P. , Grechanaja T. V. , Potemkina M. A. , Balaeva M. I. , Birjukov V. A. , Bozhko I. I. , Tesheva S. Ch. , Vechernjaja L. S. , Egorov V. A. , Daragan Ju. G. , Tushina O. V. , Kulichenko A. N. , Efremenko D. V. , Manin E. A. , Kovalev D. A. , Eldinova V. E. , Yunicheva Yu. V. , Bojko E. A.
Published: July 2018

The organization of laboratory environmental monitoring in the pre-Olympic period and during the XXII Olympic winter games and XI Paralympic winter games 2014. The results of radiation monitoring during the construction of sports and infrastructure facilities Sochi. Study analyzed the procedure for compliance with hygienic standards and additional indicators of drinking water, food, food raw material and other objects.
The Study in Animal Models of Local Action, Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Ultriks in Syringe
Authors: Kurskaya O. G. , Sharshov K. A. , Alekseev A. Yu. , Gulyaeva M. A. , Shestopalov A. M. , Shestopalova L. V. , Ignatev G. M. , Shkurupiy V. A.
Published: July 2018

The evaluation of acute and chronic toxicity and local effect of the inactivated influenza vaccine Ultriks in animal models (guinea pigs, mice BALB/c) was performed. No vaccine-related toxic effect after a single intraperitoneal injection, multiple intramuscular injections, and no local irritant effect after a single intramuscular injection were reported in experimental animals.
Peculiarities of Etiology of Respiratory Virus Infections in Hospitalized Patients Depending on the Demographic, Socio-Economic Factors and Previous Vaccination
Authors: Sominina A. A. , Pisareva M. M. , Buzitskaya Zh. V. , Osidak L. V. , Sukhovetskaya V. F. , Afanasyeva O. I. , Voloshchuk L. V. , Afanas’Eva V. S. , Obraztsova E. V. , Golovacheva E. G. , Gonchar V. V. , Yanina M. A. , Stolyarov K. A. , Smorodintseva E. A. , Karpova L. S. , Krainova T. I. , Go A. A. , Grudinin M. P.
Published: July 2018

Etiology of respiratory virus infections among 1699 hospitalized patients (HP) was determined by PCR during the period of increased influenza activity in 2012 - 2013 season. The rate of accidence of influenza virus in dependence of gender, age, social and demographic factors and previous vaccination was analysed. Young children dominated in the age structure of HP, while the elderly were hospitalized very rarely. According to results obtained rate of influenza detection in HP was significantly higher among adults in comparison with children (63,5 and 30,7% of investigated patients, correspondingly). Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses were detected the most regularly (8.7 and 3.1%, correspondingly) in children, parainfluenza and adenoviruses were registered rarely (1.4 and 2.1%, correspondingly). Rate of detection of coronaviruses and bocavirus was low and varied in the range 0.3 - 0.6%. Indicated above ARI agents among hospitalized adults were detected rarely (0 - 1.5%) with exception of RSV which was detected among elderly (75 - 84 years) in 5.9% cases. No metapneumovirus cases were detected among HP in indicated period. Although males dominated (58%) among HP influenza cases, regardless of the type/subtype, were registered more frequently among girls in comparison with the boys of the same age groups. Influenza cases were registered more frequenly as well among smoking than in not smoking patients. Young children dominated in the age structure of HP, while the elderly were hospitalized very rarely.
Condition of Specific Immunity to Pertussis in Different Age Groups of Children
Authors: Basov A. A. , Tsvirkun O. V. , Gerasimova A. G. , Rossoshanskaya N. V. , Babenko V. N.
Published: July 2018

The present study of antipertussis immunity stress and level in young and school children who was vaccinated ADTP vaccine showed that on the average 28.3% of them were seronegative. The lowest parts of seronegative children were detected in the age group of infants under 12 months of age (12.3%) and in that of 15 - 17 years old teenagers (12.1%). The maximum percent of seronegative children were detected in the age group of 6 - 8 years - 38.8%. Despite the nonsignificant increase of this indicator, compared to the previous age group, it is advisable to supplement serological monitoring of indicator group 6- 7 years. The researchers did not discover the reliable correlation between the pertussis incidence in different age groups and proportion of seronegative children in those groups. The obtained results suggest that there is an occult circulation of pertussis causing agent. They also showed that it is necessary to revise the indicator age groups for serologic monitoring of antipertussis immunity.
Particulars of Informed Consent to Vaccination in Russia and Abroad
Authors: Briko N. I. , Baranov A. A. , Namazova-Baranova L. S.
Published: July 2018

The results of the analysis of the experience of regulatory method of receiving voluntary informed consent (refusal) of preventive vaccinations in some foreign countries and in Russia were presented in this article. The conclusion about the imperfection of accounting form of informed consent for vaccination and conclusion of necessity to change this approach for its formalization in Russia are made.
Epidemic Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Regions of Siberia with Various Prevalence of HIV Infection
Authors: Pasechnik O. A. , Stasenko V. L. , Bloh A. I.
Published: July 2018

On the territory of the Siberian Federal District 2005 - 2014 period was characterized by a moderate tendency to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis and marked increase in the incidence of HIV infection. The subjects of the Siberian Federal District, the prevalence of HIV infection in which exceeded the level of 705.0 per 100 thousand people, had significant differences in the incidence rates of tuberculosis (115.4), the prevalence of tuberculosis (278.6 per 100 thousand), disability (73.3 per 100 thousand) and deaths from TB infection (25.5 per 100 thousand). The unfavorable short-term outlook for the morbidity of HIV-associated tuberculosis requires a change in approaches to epidemiological surveillance system for HIV and TB.
Vaccinal practice Vaccination of Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Tarasova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination of children with rheumatic diseases. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.
Detection of Rickettsial DNA in Ticksin Irkutsk Region
Authors: Yakovchitc N. . , Bondarenko E. . , Adelshin R. . , Melnikova O. . , Vershinin E. . , Morozov I. . , Borisov S. . , Andaev E. .
Published: July 2018

Individually 470 Dermacentor nuttalli and 46 Haemaphysalis concinna ticks collected in Irkutsk Region were analyzed using RT-PCR test systems. Rickettsia contamination of D. nuttalli was 82,3% including 1,3% of the ticks with R. sibirica DNA. H. concinna ticks were infected by rickettsia to 8,7% and the detected DNA in 6,5% of cases belonged to R. heilongjiangensis. PCR results were confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of three gene fragments: citrate synthase (gltA) and ompA and ompB surface proteins. Thus, circulation of two Rickettsia species pathogenic to humans was determined at the examined area.
Morbidity of diseases different classes and Prediction on the Territory of the Passage of the Railway in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Ushkareva O. A.
Published: July 2018

The article presents results of analysis of morbidity the population living in the area of passage of the Amur - Yakutsk railway in the Republic of Yakutia in 2003 - 2013. The structure of morbidity of the population living in the study territories have a similar picture with the Republic of Yakutia. The diseases included in four clusters; the most relevant (share in the amount of disease and level morbidity per 100 thousand population) are respiratory diseases (I cluster), injuries and poisoning (II cluster). Levels of disease different from those of Yakutia: in most cases (10 classes of diseases) morbidity lower; and only on infectious diseases and neoplasms levels of morbidity were higher than in the Republic of Yakutia. Is projected increase оf morbidity for the majority classes of diseases in a group the study area. For four diseases (out of 12) classes of diseases morbidity levels are projected to be higher than the corresponding figures of Yakutia. Prospective indicators of morbidity diseases of eight classes will be at the significantly lower level.
Sapronoses: Ecology of Infection Agents, Epidemiology, Terminology and Classification
Authors: Belov A. B. , Kulikalova E. S.
Published: July 2018

Presents the results of a critical analysis of the existing classifications of pathogens sapronoses and they cause human diseases. In relation to sapronoses investigated the compliance of the content of epidemiological terminology to new scientific data. Applied ecological approach differentiation sapronoses on biotic reservoirs of microorganisms common to humans, animals and plants (prokaryotes). Shows the inconsistencies and contradictions of the traditional concepts and categories that characterize causal factors and conditions a variety of symbiotic relationships facultative parasites of man and animals with their owners. Regulatory influence of the environment provides mechanisms for the transmission of microorganisms in natural reservoirs, modes of transmission of human (warm-blooded animals) and the temporary survival of populations of potential pathogens sapronoses in adverse effects. Environmental factors through a state of the hosts encourage alternation of types of food microorganisms - from saprophytism to pathogenic parasitism and development phase of the epizootic (epiphytotics) process. The incidence of people (animals, plants) sapronoses infections correlated with the feeding habits of organisms in the tanks, the number and status of populations of hosts, independent of the variability of seasonal factors and habitat characteristics. The necessity of differentiation of sapronoses on saprozoonoses, zooanthroponosis and saprozoonoses with the prospect of separation in the future on phytonoses (including prokaryotes as a reservoir of organisms), phytozoonoses and phytozoonoanthroposes. The principle of separation of biotic reservoirs of pathogens sapronoses and mechanisms of their circulation in parasitic and other symbiotic systems, established in the epidemiology of anthroponoses and zoonoses, will allow to unify the terminology and classification of diseases based on biological approach.
Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in the Russian Federation and Abroad
Authors: Ozeretskovsky N. A. , Nemirovskaya T. I.
Published: July 2018

Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b infection is the principal method of its prophylaxis. This position is supported the results of extensive immunization which leading to significant morbidity decrease. The article discusses compositions of modern conjugated mono and associated vaccines, which has been licenced in Russia, USA, Great Britain, Canada and Australia, tactics and schedules of immunization. The special attention gives to immunocompromised person s vaccination, who possess the high sensibility to the infection.
Comparative Immunogenicity Evaluation of Characterized Chitosan-Based and Other Adjuvants for Inactivated Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Khantimirova L. M. , Kashirina O. S. , Chernikova M. I. , Vasiliev Y. M.
Published: July 2018

Chitosan-based adjuvants combine effectiveness, safety and economic feasibility and thus are quite promising for enhancement of influenza control via vaccination, however, problems of characterization and reproducibility remain unresolved; data on relations between physical-chemical characteristics (PCC) of the polymer and immunogenicity of chitosan-based adjuvants, as well as comparative evaluation with other adjuvants are needed. Groups of mice were immunized intramuscularly with inactivated influenza vaccines based on A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) strain with characterized adjuvants based on chitosan with varying PCC (molecular mass 700 and 10 kDa, deacetylation degree 85%; HMC and LMC, respectively) and its derivative (succinylated chitosan (SC)). Experimental formulations were also studied: an «oil-in-water» emulsion (ME) and a multi-component adjuvant (MS). Different adjuvants increased immunogenicity of the inactivated influenza vaccines by hemagglutinin inhibiting sera antibodies in varying patterns. HMC was more immunogenic than LMC, whereas SC even reduced immunogenicity of the vaccine. HMC was comparable to MS by immunogenicity, and LMC - to ME. PCC of chitosan and its derivatives play an important role in immunogenicity of the respective adjuvants, and perspective and characterized chitosan-based adjuvants are comparable or even more immunogenic than adjuvants from other groups.
Vaccination of Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ustinov MP. . , Tarasova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination of children with rheumatic diseases. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.
Support of Epidemiological Well-Being during Regional Event with the International Participation
Authors: Noskov A. K. , Akimova I. S. , Verzhutsky D. B. , Klimov V. T. , Chesnokova M. V. , Kosilko C. A. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

Role of regional cultural mass events as potential threats for epidemics of the dangerous infectious diseases associated with implementation of external and internal epidemiological risks is demonstrated. The algorithm of organization and realization of the measures to support epidemiological well-being during a regional event is presented.
Epidemiological Peculiarities of the Flu Epidemic of 2016 in St. Petersburg
Authors: Karpova L. S. , Popovtseva N. M. , Stolyarova T. P. , Stolyarov K. A. , Konshina O. S. , Sominina A. A.
Published: July 2018

To identify the peculiarities of manifestation of epidemic process of influenza in 2016, and causes high morbidity and mortality in St. Petersburg, a comparative analysis of the incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections, hospitalization and mortality in children and adults during the epidemic of 2016 in St. Petersburg and other 58 the observed cities of the Russian Federation. The epidemic of 2016 in St. Petersburg from other cities were characterized by a greater intensity: the duration of the epidemic; the incidence of the population on the peak (at 1.9 and 1.3%), within the boundaries of the epidemic in the city (7.7 and 5.4%) and the country (11.9 and 9,6%); shares admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of «influenza» among the whole population (17.1 and 14,0%); greater mortality from influenza among the whole population (3.3 tims), persons 15 - 64 (in 3 times) and 65 years and older (2.8 times). The low level of population immunity in Saint-Petersburg in the before the epidemic period and lower frequency of hospitalization of patients with influenza and ARVI among the population as a whole (2.4% and 3.6 percent), particularly children and persons over 65 years of age (2 times), could be the cause of high morbidity and mortality from influenza in St. Petersburg.
Current Meningococcal Vaccines: Advantages and Disadvantages and New Challenges
Authors: Kostyukova N. N. , Bekhalo V. A.
Published: July 2018

The article reviews and analyses the vaccines against invasive meningococcal disease, widely used in practice since 70s-80s of the last century, as well as newly developed ones, the efficacy of which is not completely clear yet. The advantages and disadvantages of polysaccharide and glycoprotein vaccines against meningococci of serogroups A, C, Y, W135 and of protein «vesicle» and geneticengineering vaccines based on «reverse vaccinology» against serogroup B are discussed. Some options for composition of future vaccines under development are presented. Briefly the meningococcal vaccines used in Russia are described. Among the most important immediate tasks discussed are: the study of the duration and intensity of protection after immunization with conjugate vaccines; the development and subsequent trials of a vaccine against serogroup X; further study and improvement of vaccines against serogroup B, as well as the creation of a single vaccine product that protects against all antigenic variants of Neisseria meningitidis.
Potential Polyvaccine Based on Microbial IgA1 Protease for Prophylaxis of Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Alliluev A. P. , Kotelnikova O. V. , Zinchenko A. A. , Prokopenko Yu. A. , Zhigis L. S. , Razgulyaeva O. A. , Melikhova T. D. , Nokel E. A. , Drozhzhina E. Yu. , Rumsh L. D.
Published: July 2018

The immunogenic and protective activities of recombinant IgA1 serine protease obtained on the base of the genome DNA of N. meningitidis serogroup B strain H44/76 were studied. A several recombinant proteins of different molecular weights that are based on the full-length primary structure of the enzyme, taking into account the distribution of B- and T-epitopes, also were studied. In experiments on laboratory animals it was shown that a number of tested preparations demonstrate the immunogenic and protective activity to protect mice from lethal challenge with virulent strains of meningococcus serogroups A, B and C, thereby exhibiting polyvaccine properties. The protective role of antibodies against the IgA1 protease was shown when mice were infected by meningococccus serogroup B. The increase in antibodies to the meningococcal IgA1 protease into the blood of rabbits infected with different serotypes of pneumococci has been detected, indicating potential ability of the meningococcal IgA1 protease to generate protection against microbes the virulence of which is caused by IgA1protease.
Vaccination of Children with with Hemoblastosis
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Tarasova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination children with hemoblastosis. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.
Measles Cases by Age Group during the Elimination of Infection
Authors: Tsvirkun O. V. , Gerasimova A. G. , Tikhonova N. T. , Ezhlova E. B. , Melnikova A. A. , Dubovitskaya E. L. , Orlova O. S. , Basov A. A. , Frolov R. A.
Published: July 2018

Objective. With the increase in vaccination coverage of the child population began the process of ousting children determining the incidence of measles in the country and by 2004, the children ceased to play a leading role in maintaining the epidemic process of measles. The definition of significance in the epidemic process of measles individuals of different age, including children in the first year of life, was the purpose of the work. Material and methods. Measles cases in different age groups were analyzed for the period 2003 - 2015 in the Russian Federation. 1799 cases of measles in children under 1 year were investigated. The ELISA method were examined the sera of children up to 1 year in 2002 - 22 sampls, 2016 - 31 sampls. Results. Analysis of the incidence of measles in different age groups conducted since the beginning of the program of measles elimination in Russia to date (2003 - 2015), showed that with the increase in the level of the immune stratum, the incidence of measles inculcated among the population declined markedly and even in the boom years (2012 - 2014) intensive morbidity rates of children aged 3 - 6 years, adolescents and adults averages ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 per 100 thousand of the appropriate age. The exception was children first year of life and children aged 1 - 2 years, of intense the incidence of which was several times higher (in average, respectively, was 22.0 and 19.0). If the vast majority of affected children aged 1 - 2 years had been vaccinated against measles, for various reasons, the children of the first year of life, according to the immunization calendar, the vaccination could not be. Conclusion. Detailed analysis showed that the incidence of measles in the country determined by the adult population. Comparison of incidence and state of specific immunity to measles virus in children the first year of life suggests that their involvement in the epidemic process of measles is not determinative. Changing the proportion of affected children of this age are directly linked with fluctuations in the long-term dynamics of the overall incidence of measles in the country, and high, compared with other age groups, the intensive indicator of disease is not due to a large numerical composition of this age group.
Comparative Analysis of Mortality from Infectious Diseases in the Russian Federation and Some European Countries
Authors: Polibin R. V. , Mindlina A. Ya. , Gerasimov A. A. , Briko N. I.
Published: July 2018

The purpose. To conduct comparative evaluation of mortality from infectious diseases and medical care quality in Russia and some European countries in different age groups. Materials and methods. Selection of mortality data was performed from various Russian and foreign databases. Ranking of countries according to mortality rates was done with a quartiles calculation method. For evaluating the adherence to preventive measures surveys of different population groups, to assess adherence to the principles of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine was conducted a continuous survey of doctors, one branch of the municipal polyclinic of Moscow. The results and discussion. It is shown that the situation in the Russian Federation as a whole can be assessed as disadvantaged in mortality from infectious diseases in all age groups. Conclusions. A reduction in mortality among children as well as working-age population requires a comprehensive approach that should include both of improvement of quality of care and the formation of commitment to preventive measures.
Whole genome characterization of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W isolates, circulating in Moscow
Authors: Mironov K. O. , Zhivotova V. A. , Matosova S. V.
Published: July 2018

Introduction. The invasive meningococcal disease (meningitis and/or septicemia) is actual problem of public health in Russia. Neisseria meningitidis isolates are classified into serogroups, PorA/FetA VRs, sequence types and clonal complexes. The growth of the invasive forms of meningococcal infection caused by isolates with «W: P1.5,2: F1-1: ST-11 (cc11)» profile requires attention for extended genotyping because the discriminating ability of classical MLST and antigens typing does not allow to answer the question about genetic and antigenic features of the pathogens and their epidemic potential. Materials and Methods. Four N. meningitidis serogroup W isolates associated with invasive meningococcal disease in Moscow (Russia) were characterized by next-generation sequencing. Three isolates were sequenced directly from cerebrospinal fluid samples and one -as a bacterial culture. All isolates were characterized earlier and the data were published in the PubMLST data base (id38565, id38573, id50225 and id50241). Genomic DNA was sequenced on Illumina MiSeq instrument. Results and Discussion. Obtained sequences allowed us to characterize four meningococci isolates for more than 1400 loci from the core genome MLST scheme. We have analyzed the core genome MLST scheme information about surface-antigen coding sequences. Housekeeping genes sequences were used to determine eMLST profile, ribosomal protein genes and some antibiotic resistance associated genes. We have characterized some ribosomal protein genes and antibiotic resistance associated genes. Based on eMLST profiles we noticed that there are at list two clones of N. meningitidis serogroup W inside complex ST-11/ET-37 clonal complex circulating in Moscow during 2016. An eMLST profile of isolates id50225 and id50241 differs in 3 loci out of 20. Application of the approach based on next-generation sequencing in routine epidemiological surveillance dramatically increases the amount of data and genotyping discriminating ability.
Experience Using Pulsed Ultraviolet Mobile Units in Healthcare-Associated Infections Prevention
Authors: Chikina O. G. , Sultanova E. B. , Rumak Yu. S.
Published: July 2018

The results of a 5-year practical implementation of mobile pulsed xenon ultraviolet units UIKB-01- «Alpha» in the epidemiological support of the Kama Children's Medical Center are presented. The high biocidal efficiency of air disinfection and open surfaces with pulsed UV radiation of the continuous spectrum with respect to the sanitary-indicative microorganisms sown in the premises of the Center is shown
Features of Distribution of the Tularemia Infection in the Rostov Region
Authors: Kovalev E. V. , Karpushchenko G. V. , Schwager M. M. , Polonsky A. V. , Sidelnikov V. V. , Goncharov A. Yu. , Polovinka N. V.
Published: July 2018

Since 1933 in the Rostov region, the official registration of tularemia began. In 1964-1949 the highest incidence was noted. Since 1947, they have been vaccinated against tularemia. In 1966 to 1973, there were no cases of tularemia. In July-August 1993, a large outbreak of tularemia (more than 200 people) was recorded. Until early 2017, the epidemic situation in tularemia in the Rostov region, according to the data of long-term monitoring, was assessed as stable, but low coverage with vaccinations against tularemia, both in the population of endemic territories and in individuals of certain professional categories was recorded. In january 2017, two residents of Rostov-on-Don received a clinical diagnosis of «tularemia». In june and july 2017, three cases of tularemia were reported. The most effective mechanism for preventing the spread of tularemia remains vaccination of the population from the contingent of risk. We consider it advisable to conduct studies of the immunity to tularemia in the population vaccinated in the last five years, to significantly increase the reliability of short- and long-term prognosis for tularemia in the region.
The Prevalence of Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Different Age Groups of the Female Population of the Omsk Region
Authors: Shirlina N. G. , Stasenko V. L. , Shirinskiy V. A. , Obukhova T. M.
Published: July 2018

The paper estimates the prevalence of the main risk factors for breast cancer (BC) in different age groups of the female population of the Omsk Region. Priority groups for the correction of risk factors in five age intervals were identified. According to the results of an integrated assessment of the aggregate of risk factors at different ages of women, the age group 60-69 years old was in the first ranking place for the priority of preventive measures, the second group was 70 years or more, the third group included a group of 30-39 year old women. The specific weight of the corrected risk factors in this group of respondents was 85.7%, which determines the potential of preventive measures.
Activities of the National Association of Specialists for the Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Authors: Briko N. I. , Kovalishena O. V. , Polibin R. V.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of the activities of the National Association of Specialists for the Control of Healthcare -Associated Infections of ensuring epidemiological safety of medical care. Educational projects, development and the statement of federal clinical guidelines, participation in development of criteria of an assessment of epidemiological safety and audit of the healthcare settings for system of ensuring quality and safety of medical care are discussed. Priority tasks to safety of patients and the medical staff, assistance in improving immunization programs and the National Schedule of preventive vaccinations, transition to new risk-to the focused strategy of an epidemiological surveillance and prevention of infections in the healthcare settings are defined.
Evaluation of the Reactogenicity, Safety and Immunogenicity of the Domestic Influenza Inactivated Split FLU-M Vaccine in Immunization Adults aged 18–60 Years
Authors: Fel'dblyum I. V. , Novgorodova S. D. , Ignat'ev G. M. , Golodnova S. O. , Trukhin V. P. , Melnikov S. Ya
Published: July 2018

This article presents the results of a simple, blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center, prospective research of the reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity of the domestic influenza inactivated split vaccine «Flu-M» in immunization of the adult population of 18–60 years old. Low reactogenicity, high safety profile and immunogenicity of the Flu-M vaccine were determined.
Immunogenic Properties of Cell Wall Preparations of Francisella tularensis Different Subspecies in Experimental Tularemia
Authors: Korneva A. V. , Nikolaev V. B. , Ivanova T. A. , Dubrovina V. I. , Mukhturgin G. B. , Markov E. Yu. , Starovoitova T. P. , Mazepa A. V. , Shkaruba T. T. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

Immunogenic properties of cell wall (CW) preparations of Francisella tularensis four subspecies are investigated. It is shown that the  preparations from F. tularensis urea lysates are not toxic for  experimental animals. Besides, CW of F. tularensis А-61 subsp. mediasiatica and F. tularensis B-399 A-Cole subsp. tularensis  possess immunogenic activity in experimental tularemia caused by F. tularensis 306 subsp. holarctica.
Assessment of Safety, Immunogenicity and Preventive Efficacy of Prevenar-13 in Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Zubova E. S. , Semerikov V. V. , Sofronova L. V. , Kostinov M. P.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent chronic pathology of the lungs in children of the first year of life, especially among children born with extremely low and very low  birth weight.

Goal. The safety, immunogenicity and preventive efficacy of Prevenar 13 in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were assessed

Materials and methods.There were 29 children under observation, as well as 29 non-vaccinated children as a comparison group. Oxygen support was not needed by any child with BPD. Children in both groups had consequences of perinatal involvement of the central nervous system. Prevenar 13 vaccine was used for immunization.

Results. The level vaccine adverse event following immunization in the group of vaccinated children was 16.7 ± 0.07%. One child had a  high body temperature up to 39.5 °C, it was required to prescribe  antipyretic drugs in the age-related dosage. All vaccine adverse event following immunization disappeared on 2 day. Local reactions were not recorded.

Conclusions.The use of the Prevenar13 vaccine has established high preventive efficacy among preterm infants with BPD, a decrease in the incidence of otitis media by 3.5 times. Evaluation of  the immunogenicity of the Prevenar 13 vaccine among children with  BPD showed good immunological efficacy (a 4-fold increase in the mean geometric titer of antibodies at 28 days after vaccination).
MRS shimming: An imMRS Shimming: An Important Point Which Should not be Ignoredportant point which should not be ignored
Authors: Zeinali-Rafsanjani B , Faghihi R , Mosleh-Shirazi M A , Saeedi-Moghadam M , Lotfi M , Jalli R , Sina S , Mina L
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a well-known device for analyzing the biological fluids metabolically. Obtaining accurate and reliable information via MRS needs a homogeneous magnetic field in order to provide well-defined peaks and uniform water suppression. There are lots of reasons which can disturb the magnetic field homogeneity which can be corrected by a process known as shimming. This study is intended to recall the importance of shimming and also the significant role of quality control (QC) in achieving an accurate quantification.Material and Method: An acrylic cylindrical quality control phantom was designed as an analog of brain MRS test phantoms in order to control the accuracy of the obtained signal of a 1.5 T Siemens MRI system which belonged to one of Shiraz hospitals. The signal of NAA, Cho, Cr, the combination of these metabolites and also the distilled water, which was used in this study, was evaluated using separate phantoms. A QC test was performed using Siemens QC phantom and a standard test phantom.Results: The spectrum of our home- made phantom had a significant difference with the expected spectrum. The results of checking the spectrum of metabolites separately also confirmed that there was a systemic problem that affects all the signals originated from all metabolites and even the pure distilled water. The MRS system could not pass QC tests, and peak broadening was common in all spectra. The complex spectrum of standard test phantom was not produced successfully by the MRS system.Discussion: By a simple check of the water peak characteristics, lots of information can be obtained, one of which is the status of shimming that has a considerable effect on the accuracy of the spectrum. Thus, performing an automatic or manual shimming is not a criterion of the spectrum accuracy, and performing a periodic quality control using a test phantom by a specialist  is necessary.Conclusion: Briefly, the quality control of MRS and all the other clinical device must be taken seriously. Sometimes QC can be the boundary of a right or a wrong decision for the patient.
OKULÖNCESİ VE SINIF ÖĞRETMENİ ADAYLARININ MESLEKİ DEĞERLERİ
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Vesile Yıldız , ÇUBUKÇU Feryal
Published: July 2018

19. yüzyılın sonu ve 20. yüzyılın başı dünyada
sosyal ve eğitim alanında önemli değişikliklere sahne olmuştur. Dewey ve
Durkheim, farklı kıtalarda eğitim ve okulun rolü ile ilgili benzer görüşleri
savunmuşlardır. Hem bireyselciliğin artması hem de sanayileşmenin üst noktalara
ulaşması ile birlikte bireyin toplumdaki rollerinde değişiklikler meydana
gelmiştir. Bu nedenle toplamsal yaşamda bir bütünlük oluşturabilmek için
okullarda sadece akademik konular yanında hak ve özgürlüklerin eğitimi ile
birlikte değerlerin de yer alması gerektiğini ileri sürmüşlerdir. Dewey (1997),
değerlerin sosyal hayatın bir parçası olduğunu dolayısıyla değerlerin toplum
içinde yaşayarak kazanılacağını belirtir. Değerler toplumdaki bireylerin
birbirleriyle etkileşimi sonucunda oluşur ve birbirleriyle olan iletişimini
belirler. Kısacası davranışın sosyal ve ahlaki yanı aynıdır, arada herhangi bir
fark yoktur.  Bu nedenle okul, sosyal
yapı içerinde değerlerin oluşup kazanıldığı yerdir. Okulun en önemli sorumluluğu
bireyleri değer yargıları kazandırarak onları topluma hazırlamaktır. Durkheim
(1961) ise herhangi bir yaşantı olmadan toplumla bir hareket etmek için
gözlemlerine dayanarak değerlerin özümsendiğini savunur. Eğer kişi ahlaklı
olmak istiyorsa kendi çıkarları dışında hareket etmelidir. Kültürlerarası
yaptığı araştırmalarla tanınan Schwartz ise değeri, davranışların ve eylemlerin
açıklanmasında sosyal bir aktör olarak görmektedir. Her insanın hayatta farklı
değerlere sahip olabileceğini söyleyen Schwartz, kimi insanlar için önemli olan
değerlerin bir başkası için önemli olmayacağını belirtmektedir. Değerler
hayatımızda bizim için neyin önemli olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Schwartz,
kültürler arasındaki farkları göz önüne alarak bireysel değerleri 10 grupta
incelemiştir. Bunlar: Güç, başarı, hazcılık (hedonizm), özyönelim, evrensellik,
iyilikseverlik, geleneksellik, uyarılma, uygunluk ve güvenliktir.Öğretmen adaylarının
mesleki değerlerini incelemek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada Schwartz'ın
kategorileri kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada okulöncesi ve sınıf öğretmeni
adaylarının sahip olduğu mesleki değerler incelenmiştir. Veriler okulöncesi ve
sınıf öğretmenliği bölümlerinde okuyan toplam 60 öğrenciden toplanmıştır.
Araştırmada veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır.
Görüşme formunun içeriği, değer verme, hoşgörülü, sevgi dolu, adaletli, alçakgönüllü,
güvenilir, empatik, huzurlu, cesaretli ve kararlı olmayı içeren mesleki
değerlerle ilgili örnek olay ve durumlardan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda
öğretmen adaylarının mesleki değerlere farklı oranlarda sahip olduğu ortaya
çıkmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının cesaretli olma, öğrenciye değer verme,
öğrencilere karşı sevgi dolu, hoşgörülü, adaletli olmaları gibi mesleki
değerleri yüksektir. Buna karşın öğretmen adayları empatik olma yönünde herhangi
olumlu bir görüş bildirmemişlerdir. 
Öğretmen adaylarının sahip olduğu en yüksek değerler ile Schwartz (1992,
1994)’ın bireysel değerlerine göre eşleşenler evrensellik, uyarılma ve
iyilikseverliktir.
İŞE YABANCILAŞMANIN SANAL KAYTARMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: BABADAĞ Mustafa
Published: July 2018

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, işe yabancılaşmanın sanal kaytarma davranışı üzerindeki
etkisini araştırmaktır. Araştırmada bir belediyede masa başında memur olarak
çalışan 187 çalışandan anket tekniği ile veri toplanmış ve verilerin analizleri
SPSS ve AMOS programıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada ilk olarak kavramsal
bir çerçeve çizilmiş; kuramsal bilgilere ve daha önceki görgül araştırmaların
sonuçlarına bağlı olarak değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler belirlenmiş ve
hipotezler geliştirilmiştir. Daha sonra, anket ile ulaşılan veriler analiz
edilmiş ve bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda da araştırmacılara ve örgütlere
önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Verilerin analizinde Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi,
Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi, Korelasyon Analizi ve Regresyon Analizi
kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda ulaşılan bulgulara göre, işe yabancılaşmanın
sanal kaytarmayı ve sanal kaytarmanın alt boyutlarını (önemli sanal kaytarma ve
ciddi sanal kaytarma) pozitif yönde ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
MAHTUMKULU’NUN ŞİİR DÜNYASINDA TOPRAK
Authors: SAĞLAM Soner
Published: July 2018

Mahtumkulu, yaşadığı devri, bulunduğu çevreyi ve üyesi olduğu toplumun
düşünce dünyasını bütün ayrıntılarıyla eserlerinde yansıtmıştır. Onun şiir
dünyası bize Türkmen kültürünü, Türkmenlerin sanat ve ahlak anlayışını
göstermesi bakımından çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Mahtumkulu Divanı’nda yer
alan şiirler tahlil edilmiş, şiirlerde toprak teması incelenmiştir Mahtumkulu’nun
şiirlerinde toprak bir doğa unsuru olarak yer aldığı gibi, tasavvufi kültürün
de etkisiyle en çok “topraktan geldik yine toprağa döneceğiz.” düşüncesi ile
bağlantılı olarak ele alınır. Mahtumkulu özellikle dünyanın faniliği, gelip
geçiciliği gibi konularda düşüncelerini söylerken, toprağı bir imge olarak
kullanır. Şair, toprağın kendine bakan insana karşılık vereceğini, insanın
emeğini karşılıksız bırakmayacağını söyler. Toprak, Mahtumkulu’nun mısralarında
bir düşünce ya da durumun daha iyi anlaşılması için somutlaştırma ve benzetme
unsuru olarak kullanılmış, bazen de kişileştirilmiştir.
TERMAL TURİZM İŞLETMELERİ İLE DİĞER KONAKLAMA İŞLETMELERİNİN MALİYET YÖNETİMİ AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI: ÇANAKKALE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: AKSU Murat , ÖZCAN Sedef
Published: July 2018

Konaklama
işletmelerinin bir türü olan termal turizm işletmeleri, genellikle tedavi
amacıyla tercih edilmektedir. Bu sebeple termal turizm işletmelerinde
gerçekleşen gider türleri, toplam maliyetler ve toplam satışlar diğer konaklama
işletmelerine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Yapılan çalışma, termal turizm
işletmelerinin diğer konaklama işletmelerine göre gider türleri, toplam
satışları ve toplam maliyetleri açısından farklılıklarının olup olmadığını
belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu doğrultuda termal turizm işletmelerinin ve diğer
konaklama işletmelerinin mali nitelikli belgeleri üzerinde içerik analizi
yapılmış ayrıca işletmeler ile ilgili bilgi edinebilmek için görüşme tekniği
kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda; termal turizm işletmeleri ve diğer
konaklama işletmeleri arasında gider türleri, toplam maliyetler ve toplam
satışlar açısından farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Bu farklılıkların sebepleri
yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen bilgiler ile desteklenmiştir.
KADIN GİRİŞİMCİLERİN BÖLGESEL KALKINMADA ROLÜ: AKÇAKOCA İLÇESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: MESCİ Zeynep , MESCİ Muammer , KARAGÖZ Arzu , ÖZGENÇ Canan
Published: July 2018

Günümüzde
gelişmekte olan girişimcilik faktörü teknolojik gelişmelerin ve ekonomik
beklentilerin yardımıyla önem kazanmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak girişimcilerin
sayısı artmakta ve kadınların da birer girişimci olarak çalışma hayatına atıldıkları
görülmektedir. Kadın girişimciler bölge ekonomisinin kalkınmasına ve büyümesine
destek sağlamaktadır. Ancak kadın girişimciler bu konuda ekonomik şartlarla
birlikte çevresel etkenlerden kaynaklanan birçok sorunla karşı karşıya
kalmaktadırlar. Girişimci kadınların bölge ekonomisine katkı sağlamaları bu
sorunların nedenlerinin belirlenmesi ve çözüm önerileri ile
gerçekleşebilecektir.

Bu
çalışma, kadın girişimcilerin girişimcilik özellikleri, girişimci olma
nedenleri, başarı ve başarısızlıklarına etki eden faktörleri ve bölge
kalkınmasına sağladıkları katkıları[1] belirlemektir. Bu amaçla araştırmada nitel
araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri ise Akçakoca ilçesinde
faaliyet gösteren kadın girişimcilere uygulanmış olan yapılandırılmış görüşme
tekniği ile elde edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda
çalışma Akçakoca Esnaf ve Sanatkârlar Odaları Birliği ile Akçakoca Ticaret ve
Sanayi Odasına kayıtlı olan 23 kadınla yapılan görüşmelere dayanmaktadır. Yapılan
görüşmeler kapsamında girişimci kadınların Akçakoca’nın bölge kalkınmasına sağladığı
katkılar bakımından, işletme kurulması, istihdam oluşturulması, misafirlere
bölgenin tanıtılması, çevre illere mevcut müşteri potansiyelinin gönderilmemesi
ve diğer kadınların da girişimciliğe teşvik edilmesi sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
ELEŞTİREL DÜŞÜNMEYE DAYALI ÖĞRETİM İLKE VE YÖNTEMLERİ DERSİ PROGRAM TASARISININ ÖĞRENME ÜRÜNLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: Saylan Nevin , Gültekin Selcen
Published: July 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, eleştirel
düşünmeye dayalı geliştirilen
öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri dersinin; öğrencilerin öğrenme düzeylerine, üstbiliş farkındalık
düzeylerine, epistemolojik inançlarına ve eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerine etkisinin incelenmektir. Araştırmada veri toplama amacıyla karma yöntem
kullanılmıştır. Nicel aşamada ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel
desen, nitel aşaması için öğrenci günlükleri kullanılmıştır.  Çalışma “Öğretim İlke ve Yöntemleri” dersi
kapsamında yürütülmüştür. Denel işlem 14 hafta sürmüştür. 2011- 2012 öğretim
yılında bu dersi alan ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliği anabilim dalı
öğrencileri çalışmanın denekleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Dersi alan iki şubeden
biri yansız atama ile deney grubu (n= 37), diğeri kontrol grubu (n=38)  olarak atanmıştır.  Deney grubunda eleştirel düşünmeye dayalı
öğretim uygulanırken, kontrol grubunda aynı derste geleneksel eğitim durumları
sürdürülmüştür. Araştırmada, nicel verilerin toplanması sürecinde iki gruba da
öğrenme düzeyini belirleme testi (ÖDBT), eleştirel düşünme ölçeği (ED),
üstbiliş farkındalık ölçeği (ÜBFÖ) ve epistemolojik inanç ölçeği (EİÖ)  ön-test, son-test olarak uygulanmıştır. Nitel
verilerin toplanma sürecinde deney grubundan elde edilen günlükler
kullanılmıştır.
Managing Aged Animals in Zoos to Promote Positive Welfare: A Review and Future Directions
Authors: Krebs Bethany L. , Marrin Debra , Phelps Amy , Krol Lana , Watters Jason V.
Published: July 2018

Improvements in veterinary care, nutrition, and husbandry of animals living in zoos have led to an increase in the longevity of these animals over the past 30 years. In this same time period, the focus of animal welfare science has shifted from concerns over mitigating negative welfare impacts to promoting positive welfare experiences for animals. For instance, providing opportunities for animals to exert agency, solve problems, or acquire rewards are all associated with positive welfare outcomes. Many common age-related changes result in limitations to opportunities for positive welfare experiences, either due to pain or other physical, cognitive, or behavioral limitations. This review aggregates information regarding common age-related physical and behavioral changes across species, discusses how age-related changes may limit positive welfare opportunities of aged animals in human care, and suggests potential management methods to help promote positive welfare for animals at all life stages in zoos and aquariums.
Copula-Based Hazard Risk Assessment of Winter Extreme Cold Events in Beijing
Authors: Zhang Xiya , Hu Haibo
Published: July 2018

Extreme cold events (ECEs) have occurred more frequently over the last few winters in China, associated with large losses of human life and increasing costs. Here, copulas are used to establish a bivariate copula distribution model for ECE variables of duration and intensity, based on observed daily surface air temperatures in winter from 1978 to 2015 at 20 meteorological stations in Beijing. We demonstrate that durations of ECEs follow Weibull distributions, while their intensities fit a generalized extreme value distribution at most stations. The Gumbel–Hougaard copula best described the relationship between duration and intensity of ECEs at most stations. The joint and conditional return periods based on the bivariate copula described both ECE frequency and the corresponding hazard risk. A high risk was calculated for northern and western areas of Beijing, while a lower risk was calculated for urban and southeastern areas. Although the risk of a low temperature event of greater than 3 days with intensity in the range from −12 °C to −15 °C decreased, the risk of extreme low temperature events with durations greater than 2 days and intensity lower than −15 °C increased over the last 18 years. These probabilistic properties provide useful information for both climate change and hazard risk assessments.
Irradiance Variability Quantification and Small-Scale Averaging in Space and Time: A Short Review
Authors: Lohmann Gerald M.
Published: July 2018

The ongoing world-wide increase of installed photovoltaic (PV) power attracts notice to weather-induced PV power output variability. Understanding the underlying spatiotemporal volatility of solar radiation is essential to the successful outlining and stable operation of future power grids. This paper concisely reviews recent advances in the characterization of irradiance variability, with an emphasis on small spatial and temporal scales (respectively less than about 10 km and 1 min), for which comprehensive data sets have recently become available. Special attention is given to studies dealing with the quantification of variability using such unique data, the analysis and modeling of spatial smoothing, and the evaluation of temporal averaging.