bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro leaves and twigs antimicrobial properties of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Saleh Basel , Al-Halab Lila , Al-Mariri Ayman
Published: September 2015

The current study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hot water (leaves and twigs fractions) Psidium guajava L. crude extracts against three bacteria and two fungi pathogens. Antimicrobial activity expressed by disc-diffusion assay (zone of inhibitions - ZIs), activity index (AI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) that were measured as reported in many investigations. Based upon the estimated ZIs, AI and MICs values, hot water twigs <1 cm diameter extract was the most potent against all tested microorganisms. The MICs value ranged between 4 and 7.2 mg/ml for bacteria, while, it was between 14.5 and 37.3 mg/ml for fungi. Moreover, ethyl acetate had the lowest antimicrobial activity compared to the other tested solvents. From the results obtained herein, it could be concluded that P. guajava serve as antibacterial and antifungal agent.
Experimental Development Of A Focalization Mechanism In An Integrated Narrative Generation System
Authors: Akimoto Taisuke , Ogata Takashi
Published: September 2015

“Focalization” is a narrative discourse technique that produces different narrative structures based on choosing unique perspectives from which to present a story. This study designs a focalization mechanism and presents an experimental implementation. The proposed system functions as part of our integrated narrative generation system (INGS). In addition, the approach computationally extends the conceptual research of focalization by Genette to techniques for narrative generation. We define focalization as a procedure to transform a story structure into discourse structures through the following two steps: 1) restricting the scope of story information perceived from a chosen perspective, and 2) generating a discourse structure based on perceived story information. In particular, we define two types of rules for restricting the perception scope based on: a) objective perceptible possibility of constituent elements in a story and b) situations or states in which constituent elements in a story are positioned. Based on the experimentally implemented system, we present generated examples from a story using different focalization types. Through analysis, we show that the basic function of the focalization mechanism was achieved by the aforementioned rules.
Greater Efficiency Observed 12 Months Post-Implementation of an Automatic Tube Sorting and Registration System in a Core Laboratory/ Veća Efikasnost Uočena 12 Meseci Posle Implementacije Sistema za Automatsko Sortiranje i Registrovanje Uzoraka u Centralnoj Laboratoriji
Authors: Ucar Fatma , Erden Gonul , Taslipinar Mine Yavuz , Ozturk Gulfer , Ginis Zeynep , Bulut Erdem , Delibas Namik
Published: September 2015

Bachground: Sample classification and registration have been recognized as important and time-consuming processes in laboratories. There is increasing pressure on laboratories to automate processes due to intense workload and reduce manual procedures and errors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the positive effects of an automatic tube registration and sorting system on specimen processing.

Methods: An automatic tube registration and sorting system (HCTS2000 MK2, m-u-t AG, Wedel, Germany) was evaluated. Turnaround time (TAT), rate of sample rejection and unrealized tests were examined 12 months pre- and post-implementation of the automatic tube sorting and registration system.

Results: The mean TAT of routine chemistry immunoassay, complete blood cell count (CBC) and coagulation samples were significantly improved (P<0.001). The number of rejected samples and unrealized tests was insignificantly decreased post-implementation of the system (0.4% to 0.2% and 4.5% to 1.4%, respectively) (P>0.05).

Conclusions: By reducing delays and errors in the preanalytical processing and sorting of samples, significant improvements in specimen processing were observed after implementation of the system. These results suggest that an automatic tube registration and sorting system may also be used to improve specimen processing in a higher-volume core laboratory.
Solitons and Rogue Waves for a Higher-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger–Maxwell–Bloch System in an Erbium-Doped Fiber
Authors: Su Chuan-Qi , Gao Yi-Tian , Xue Long , Yu Xin
Published: September 2015

Under investigation in this article is a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger–Maxwell–Bloch (HNLS-MB) system for the optical pulse propagation in an erbium-doped fiber. Lax pair, Darboux transformation (DT), and generalised DT for the HNLS-MB system are constructed. Soliton solutions and rogue wave solutions are derived based on the DT and generalised DT, respectively. Properties of the solitons and rogue waves are graphically presented. The third-order dispersion parameter, fourth-order dispersion parameter, and frequency detuning all influence the characteristic lines and velocities of the solitons. The frequency detuning also affects the amplitudes of solitons. The separating function has no effect on the properties of the first-order rogue waves, except for the locations where the first-order rogue waves appear. The third-order dispersion parameter affects the propagation directions and shapes of the rogue waves. The frequency detuning influences the rogue-wave types of the module for the measure of polarization of resonant medium and the extant population inversion. The fourth-order dispersion parameter impacts the rogue-wave interaction range and also has an effect on the rogue-wave type of the extant population inversion. The value of separating function affects the spatial-temporal separation of constituting elementary rogue waves for the second-order and third-order rogue waves. The second-order and third-order rogue waves can exhibit the triangular and pentagon patterns under different choices of separating functions.
Hydrolysis of 8-(pinacolboranyl)quinoline: where is the 8-quinolylboronic acid?
Authors: Son Jung-Ho , Tamang Sem Raj , Yarbrough Jason C. , Hoefelmeyer James D.
Published: September 2015

The compound 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-quinoline was prepared and found to hydrolyze rapidly in air; however, the expected product (quinolin-8-yl)boronic acid was not observed. Instead, the (quinolinium-8-yl)trihydroxyborate zwitterion or an anhydride were observed depending on the conditions of hydrolysis. The two products are related to one another in the degree of hydration, and the two forms could be interconverted. Both hydrolysis products were structurally characterized. Additionally, a commercial sample of ‘8-quinolylboronic acid’ was actually found to be the anhydride. The results call into question whether monomeric (quinolin-8-yl)boronic acid can actually be isolated in the neutral Lewis base-free form.
N-vinylation and N-allylation of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles by N–H insertion of vinylcarbenoids
Authors: Gill Agagia , Werz Udo R. , Maas Gerhard
Published: September 2015

A vinylcarbenoid approach toward N-functionalization of NH-pyrazoles is presented. The rhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of methyl styryl-diazoacetate (1) or dimethyl 2-diazoglutaconate (3) with 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles gave products of carbenoid N–H insertion in high combined yields, although regioselectivity issues posed by the pyrazole or the vinylcarbenoid moiety as well as positional and configurational isomerism concerning the C,C double bond of the latter led to product mixtures. The ambident reactivity of the vinylcarbenoid derived from1could be steered by the catalyst: while Rh2(OAc)4yielded products of direct carbenoid insertion preferentially, silver(I) catalysis strongly favored reaction at the vinylogous site of the carbenoid resulting in an N-allylation of the pyrazoles.
The structure of a coordination polymer constructed of manganese(II) biphenyl-4, 4′-dicarboxylate
Authors: Smeyanov Alexey , Nieger Martin , Gustus René , Maus-Friedrichs Wolfgang , Schmidt Andreas
Published: September 2015

Manganese(II) biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate, prepared by crystallization of a mixture of biphenyl-4,4′- dicarboxylic acid, manganese(II) chloride, and di(4-pyridyl)acetylene as base in a mixture of dimethylformamide, ethanol and water in a closed vessel at elevated temperatures forms a 3D network of {[Mn(bpdc)(H2O)2][Mn(bpdc)(H2O)]} containing one five-fold coordinated and one six-fold coordinated Mn metal center (X-ray structure determination). Scanning tunneling microscopic (STM) measurements of manganese biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite showed strands, the averaged diameter of which amounts to 18±1 nm, whereas the apparent height is about 0.5±0.02 nm.
Efecto de la melaza de caña tratada con ácido sulfúrico en la produccion de celulosa por Gluconacetobacter xylinus IFO 13693
Authors: Jaramillo Rubén D , Perna Olga , Ríos Linda E , Escobar Jeindy
Published: September 2015

En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de la melaza
tratada con ácido sulfúrico (MZA-TR) y de
las condiciones del cultivo (estático) sobre
la síntesis de celulosa por Gluconacetobacter
xylinus IFO 13693, para ello, se uso un
reactor con 0,2 litros de medio de cultivo, con
concentraciones iniciales de 13,3 % y 26,6
% de MZA-TR en el medio de cultivo a pH
5,6. El volumen del inóculo fue del 10 % del
volumen total del medio; el proceso se realizó
a temperatura ambiente (30 °C), con tiempos
de incubación de 3, 7, 14, 21 y 28 días.
Además, se evaluaron distintos parámetros
fisicoquímicos y mecánicos de la celulosa.
El grosor de la película de celulosa presentó
un máximo de 2,5 cm, siendo el mejor
resultado obtenido, en comparación con
anteriores reportes en la literatura. También
se encontró que al usar MZA-TR en el medio
de cultivo hay un incremento considerable
de la producción de celulosa en estático a los
28 días de incubación. Finalmente se observó
que el consumo de glucosa y de fructosa
disminuye durante la síntesis de celulosa
bacteriana (CB); durante los 3 primeros días
de incubación se observó el máximo descenso,
lo que permite correlacionar la producción
de CB con el consumo de medio. La
concentración de 13,3 %, presenta los mejores
resultados en los parámetros de velocidad de
crecimiento microbiano, cantidad y calidad de
la celulosa producida.
Mast cell, the peculiar member of the immune system: A homeostatic aspect
Authors: Csaba György
Published: September 2015

The mast cell is a member of the immune system having a basic role in allergic (anaphylactic) reactions. However, it contains, synthesizes, stores and secretes lots of substances, which initiates other reactions or participates in them. These are in connection with the deterioration of tissue correlation, as malignant tumors, angiogenesis, wound healing, pregnancy and different pathological conditions. In addition — as other members of the immune system — mast cells can synthesize, store and secrete hormones characteristic to the endocrine glands and can transport them to the site of requirement (packed transport), or produce and employ them locally. The effect of mast cells is controversial and frequently dual, stimulatory or inhibitory to the same organ or process. This is likely due to the heterogeneity of the mast cells, in morphology and cell content alike and dependent on the actual condition of the targeted tissue. The cells are transported in an unmatured form by the blood circulation and are exposed to microenvironmental effects, which influence their maturation. Their enrichment around tumors suggested using them as targets for tumor therapy more than fifty years ago (by the author), however, this idea lives its renaissance now. The review discusses the facts and ideas critically.
Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica populations from the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Görcsös Gábor , Irinyi László , Radócz László , Tarcali Gábor , Sándor Erzsébet
Published: September 2015

The ascomycetous fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) is one of the most important fungal pathogens of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), causing chestnut blight. It is originated from Eastern Asia and was introduced into North America, and later into Europe. Almost 100 C. parasitica isolates were collected mainly from the Carpathian Basin to study their diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Three nuclear molecular markers were tested: (i) internal transcribed spacers (ITS), (ii) translation elongation factor 1 subunit alpha (tef1), and (iii) six microsatellite loci. The ITS region proved to be highly polymorphic but this kind of variability did not reflect the geographical regions of the isolates, while the tef1 sequences were identical in all isolates. Microsatellite haplotype diversity was relatively high (0.923–0.984) calculated for the fungal populations of the Carpathian Basin. This may have resulted from the multiple introductions from diverse origins of the populations, close to the first site of observation in Northern Italy. The BAPS analysis of the microsatellite markers occasionally grouped together samples from remote geographical origin, suggesting human assistance in the introduction of new C. parasitica haplotypes from distinct areas.
Doryfera johannae (Bourcier, 1847) (Aves: Apodiformes: Trochilidae): new locality, range extension and notes on distribution
Authors: Brown Alice Gabrielle Elizabeth , Whitworth Andrew William , Fowler Alex , Brent-Smith Marcus , Burdekin Oliver
Published: September 2015

We present a new distribution map, including new locality records for the Blue-fronted Lancebill (Doryfera johannae) from southeast Peru. One of these records is the first physical capture record for the Madre de Dios region and supposes a range extension of ca. 470 km to the southeast. We provide notes related to the environment in which this individual was found, along with photos of the captured female from the Manu Learning Centre in the buffer zone of Manu Biosphere Reserve.
Effect of Glyphosate and Dicamba Drift Timing and Rates in Bell Pepper and Yellow Squash
Authors: Dittmar Peter J. , Ferrell Jason A. , Fernandez Jose V. , Smith Hunter
Published: September 2015

As dicamba resistance traits become more common in agronomic crops, the potential for off-site movement also increases. Little is known of how common vegetable crops will respond to dicamba drift. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dicamba and glyphosate drift on bell pepper and squash growth as a function of application timing. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with two timings by three rates and a nontreated check. The two timings were early bloom and midbloom (during bloom when fruit were present). The three rates were glyphosate at 21 + dicamba at 14 g ha−1, glyphosate at 10 + dicamba at 7 g ha−1, and glyphosate at 7 + dicamba 5 at g ha−1. Herbicides were applied with a controlled droplet applicator calibrated to deliver 2.34 L ha−1. In squash, crop injury was 26 to 31% at 3 DAT and 48 to 65% at 17 DAT. However, no differences were measured among application timings or rates for fruit weight or number at individual harvest or season total. Bell pepper injury ranged between 0 and 8% from 3 to 17 DAT and was not significantly different than the nontreated. However, large, Fancy, marketable, and total bell pepper fruit number were greater in the nontreated than glyphosate at 21 + dicamba 14 at g ha−1and glyphosate at 10 + dicamba at 7 g ha−1both years. The three rates of dicamba + glyphosate had a greater number and weight of cull fruit compared to the number of fruit in the nontreated plots. The cull fruit were shorter with a flattened appearance. Leaving bell pepper fruit on the plants longer may result in small and medium fruit becoming large or Fancy grade bell pepper fruit.
E-investigación: una introducción para principiantes (y escépticos) a las fuentes de ciencia política disponibles en la web
Authors: Calise Mauro , De Rosa Rosanna
Published: September 2015

El propósito de este artículo de revisión es el de contribuir al seguimiento y el debate de los cambios en el entorno de la investigación electrónica. Vamos a presentar una visión general (adaptado principalmente a los neófitos del ciberespacio) de algunos de los mejores recursos electrónicos disponibles en línea para la ciencia política, la elaboración de nuestra experiencia como editores de IPSA-Portal, el sitio web de la Asociación Internacional de Ciencia Política dedicada a la selección y revisión los mejores e-hubs en nuestra disciplina. Sin embargo, al aventurarse en el ciberespacio de la ciencia política, vamos a tratar de ofrecer una comprensión más general de las principales tendencias que afectan la galaxia del internet. Por mucho que estemos tentados sólo para pegarnos a nuestro pequeño planeta, tenemos que ser conscientes de que es parte de, y surge de, un sistema mucho más grande.
Avaliação das características morfológicas mudas de cajueiro sob déficit hídrico em condições de Semiárido paraibano
Authors: Almeida Neto Isidro Patrício de , Andrade Marlon Laynon de , Sousa José da Silva , Silva Saulo Soares da , Andrade Anderson Bruno Anacleto de
Published: September 2015

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características morfológicas do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L) submetido a déficit hídrico na fase de porta-enxerto. O trabalho foi executado na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal – PB. Realizou-se o trabalho em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos de cinco diferentes lâminas de irrigação (60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 ml/dia/saco). O experimento teve início no dia 27 de Junho de 2013 com fim no dia 15 de Agosto de 2013. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura média das plantas (cm), diâmetro médio do caule (mm), o número médio de folhas. Foram utilizados sacos plásticos (volume de 1L) onde estes foram cheios com solo franco arenoso não salino (pH=8,23; CE=0,03 ds.m -1) , e 2% de esterco bovino curtido. Inicialmente o solo foi colocado em capacidade de campo. O trabalho pôde mostrar que as lâminas de irrigação pouco influenciaram nas características avaliadas nas mudas de cajueiro.
Single-Stage Corrective Osteotomies for Multiple Angular Deformities Around the Knee Joint with Patellar Instability in a Patient with Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
Authors: Song Eun Kyoo , Seon Jong Keun , Agrawal Pranav R.
Published: September 2015

Case:

It is rare to find a case report on combined recurvatum and valgus deformity of the knee with associated patellar instability due to a depressed lateral tibial plateau in a young adult with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. We treated such a patient with single-stage osseous and soft-tissue procedures and achieved a stable, well-aligned, pain-free, and mobile joint.

Conclusion:

Patellar instability with genu recurvatum and genu valgum leading to reduced range of motion of the knee in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia shows mechanical and functional improvement following single-stage surgical intervention, thereby improving quality of life.
On the Algorithm of the Medical Diagnostic Decision Support System under the Mobile Platform
Authors: Yang Jiacheng , Wang Xiaoming , Dang Jianwu
Published: September 2015

A mobile platform usually refers to a complete platform that provides a reference design, a hardware chipset
and upper communication protocols and supporting software and development tools. The downstream vendors can design
and manufacture appropriate mobile products in a shorter time as required. The app developers mustn’t pay attention to
the content of platform hardware, but systematically understand the types of mobile devices, supporting software and appropriate
development tools in mobile platform. The key for the medical experts to deal with the patients is decisionmaking.
They make the decisions in diagnosing the patient’s status, adjusting the therapeutic plan and monitoring the
changing disease status. In recent decades, a series of methods and tools have been developed to assist the clinicians for
decision. Typically, these tools and methods are not intended to substitute the human’s job, but used for assistant and supportive
purpose. The doctors, healthcare professionals and other healthcare staffs have been being aware of the importance
of these algorithms and techniques in order to support the decision-making process as the information and communication
technology has become increasingly important for the infrastructure construction in healthcare organizations.
RFID-Based Logistics Technology of Laboratory Equipments in University
Authors: Zhang Renshang , Reha Ahmed Oulad
Published: September 2015

With the popularity of Chinese education and the progress and development of higher education, in order to
further enhance their own school-running level and teaching quality as well as improve the level of the teachers, universities
has been constantly introducing advanced teaching laboratory equipments. On the one hand, it not only can help the
teachers with their teaching, but also can well improve the students' learning efficiency. However, there are also many
problems existed in management of the large number of laboratory equipments, for the traditional artificial unintelligent
managing way of using pen and paper in daily record already cannot meet the needs of the presented situation. Collecting
data by manhood will cause such problems as collecting not in time or collecting incorrectly. And collecting data by manhood
puts forward higher request for laboratory managers in equipment management. But if increase the laboratory management
personnel, it also causes problems such as the waste of human resources and the increased cost of school management,
etc. The presented research, mainly by using the experience and thought in management of logistics field for
reference, makes a research on the application of laboratory equipment management in colleges and universities based on
RFID logistics technology to solve the problems exited in the management of laboratory equipments. Using real-time
monitoring laboratory equipment and intelligent tracking laboratory equipments to record and verify information can reduce
the workload of lab manager and strengthen the way and the level of the laboratory management. At the same time, it
also can enables the superior managers to timely master the status of school laboratory equipment, accelerating the informational
construction of universities and colleges, further optimizing the configuration of teaching laboratory equipment,
and fully improving usage rate of the school laboratory equipment.
Investigation and Countermeasure Research on Employment Behavior Decision by Employment Environment of College Graduates
Authors: Duan Min , Lv Yongbo
Published: September 2015

At present, the employment situation of college graduates is grim, which has caused wide concerns in the
whole society. How to improve the competitiveness of college graduates, to adapt to the employment environment, to help
college graduates to smooth employment has become an urgent problem to be solved. According to the investigation of
college graduates’ employment environment, the author analyzes and studies the employment status of college graduates
and proposes that higher education can improve the employment competitiveness of college students through the analysis
of higher education. This paper finds out advantages and disadvantages in the process of personnel training in colleges
and universities, puts forward the countermeasures to improve the employment environment of college graduates, and
proposes suggestions for the further development of college graduates’ employment.
Research on Enhancement Technology of Conveyor Belt Fault Images Based on Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Ye Chunqing , Miao Changyun , Li Xianguo , Yang Yanli
Published: September 2015

In this research, we studied the fault recognition algorithm of steel cord conveyor belt, and obtained the wire
ropes image by adopting the detection system of steel cord conveyor belt, so that the fault recognition algorithm of steel
cord conveyor belt was proposed based on Fruit fly optimization algorithm. As we know that the fruit fly optimization algorithm
is used for fault detection of the processing steel cord conveyor belt image and for obtaining the fault image. In
the MATLAB environment, the algorithm process was designed and verified in terms of the effectiveness and accuracy.
The experimental results show that with fast speed and high accuracy in detecting the fault image of steel cord conveyor
belt rapidly and accurately, and in classifying scratch from fracture the proposed algorithm is suitable for the fault recognition
of steel cord conveyor belt automatically.
System of Weak Signal Detection Based on TD-SCDMA Dual Polarized Antenna
Authors: Mao Weiping
Published: September 2015

In the current signal measuring equipment in measurable characteristics under the condition of weak signal, the
signal measurement accuracy is not high. Therefore, this study designs and realizes a kind of equipment based on TD -
SCDMA dual polarized antenna for weak signal measurement system. System uses the 2.4 GHz ISM A7105 RF transmitter
sent via baud generator clock for electromagnetic wave frequency control forming the local magnetic fields, the system
design includes ICL7650 AD620 chip signal amplification module, combined with a module combination based on isolation
MAX275 chips, by adjusting the built-in six resistance to noise filtering, in the design of TD -SCDMA dual polarization
antenna, through multiple columns of smart antenna radiation, to form the sensitivity of the dynamic contact, to
strengthen the weak signal loss repair characteristic, for the synchronization of GPRS communication and AT89C51
MCU for weak signal processing; finally it realizes the weak signal accurate detection. Through the experiment testing,
the system can, in complex environment, able for the accurate detection of weak signal. Compared with the traditional
system, its detection accuracy by about 49%, reduced testing time by 5 seconds, has a strong practical application value.
Some biological indicators relevant for the management of cholestasis in children
Authors: Moraru Evelina , Drochioi Ana , Popovici Paula , Anton Carmen , Bozomitu Laura , Ciobica Alin , Timofte Daniel , Padurariu Luminita , Anton Emil
Published: September 2015

Cholestasis is a multifactorial disorder with various biological, infectious,
toxic, genetic and metabolic manifestations, its principal feature presented
as reduced bile flow or abnormalities in bile formation. It has lately been
accepted that some specific biological markers would shorten the period
needed to establish a positive diagnosis, as currently it is necessary to
navigate through a complex diagnostic protocol for this disorder. The
purpose of this study was to establish some biological parameters and
biomarkers useful for cholestasis management in children. Two hundred
thirty-two children with cholestasis were selected, during a six-year study.
The biological indicators followed were serum bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl
transpeptidase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate
dehydrogenase, serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Our data showed that
certain biological parameters are more often involved in the various forms
of cholestasis, and the conclusions of this study could be useful in the
early detection of cholestasis and appropriate disease management.
The relevance of motivation in schizophrenia
Authors: Paulet Manuel , Ciobica Alin , Cojocaru Sabina , Popescu Radu , Timofte Daniel
Published: September 2015

Lately there is a growing interest in the negative symptoms in schizophrenia
and their mechanisms of action, with special focus on the motivation process.
The lack of motivation is increasingly recognized to be a very important
impediment to positive management in schizophrenic pathology. In this
mini-review, we described the current understanding of the nature and causes
of the specific motivational deficits in schizophrenia in order to find
better management strategies for this heterogeneous disorder. All the data
and theories presented here clearly demonstrate that amotivation is a
fundamental aspect of the negative symptomatology in schizophrenia and could
represent a useful factor in understanding and improving the mechanisms and
further management of schizophrenia.
Time-space dependent fractional viscoelastic MHD fluid flow and heat transfer over accelerating plate with slip boundary
Authors: Chen Shengting , Zheng Liancun , Li Chunrui , Sui Jize
Published: September 2015

The MHD flow and heat transfer of viscoelastic fluid over an accelerating plate with slip boundary are investigated. Different from most classical works, a modified time-space dependent fractional Maxwell fluid model is proposed in depicting the constitutive relationship of the fluid. Numerical solutions are obtained by explicit finite difference approximation and exact solutions are also presented for the limiting cases in integral and series forms. Furthermore, the effects of parameters on the flow and heat transfer behavior are analyzed and discussed in detail.
Estimation of radiative parameters in participating media using shuffled frog leaping algorithm
Authors: Ren Ya-Tao , Qi Hong , Lew Zhong-Yuan , Wang Wei , Ruan Li-Ming
Published: September 2015

The transient radiative transfer in 1-D homogeneous media with ultra-short Gaussian pulse laser irradiated was investigation by the finite volume method. The concept of optimal detection distance was proposed. The radiation characteristic was studied thoroughly. Afterwards, a memetic meta-heuristic shuffled frog leaping algorithm was introduced to inverse transient radiative problems. It is demonstrated that the extinction coefficient and scattering albedo can be retrieved accurately even with noisy data in a homogeneous absorbing and isotropic scattering plane-parallel slab. Finally, a technique was proposed to accelerate the inverse process by reducing the searching space of the radiative parameters.
Vicarious Learning under Implicit Contracts
Authors: Choi Jongwoon (Willie) , Hecht Gary , Tafkov Ivo D. , Towry Kristy L.
Published: September 2015

Employee contracts often allow for managerial discretion, such that the manager decides after observing an employee's performance how that employee will be rewarded or penalized. Importantly, the effects of such evaluation outcomes can extend beyond the employee(s) directly affected, because such outcomes can be observed by other employees within the firm. The net effect of such vicarious learning as an indirect control depends on the inferences employees make after observing a peer's evaluation outcome. In this study, we use an experiment to investigate whether the inferences observer-employees make about how managers evaluate and reward employee behavior depend on whether the valence of the observed outcome is positive or negative. Using the setting of a strategic performance measurement system, we test and find support for a causal model, in which the valence of the observed outcome influences observer-employees' inferences and subsequent behavioral focus via their psychological distance from, and their construal of, the observed outcome. Our results suggest that how observer-employees respond after observing a peer employee's evaluation outcome is asymmetric. Specifically, when contemplating their own behavior, employees who observe positive outcomes focus on the performance measures within the strategic performance measurement system, whereas those who observe negative outcomes focus on the underlying strategic construct.
Alternate Approaches for Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Drug Development and Potential Regulatory Approval: A Perspective
Authors: Turner J. Rick , Close Kelly L. , Fleming G. Alexander , Wherrett Diane K. , DiMeglio Linda A.
Published: September 2015

The incidence and prevalence of pediatric type 1 diabetes are increasing globally, including in the U.S. While the increasing number of cases of pediatric diabetes makes expeditious availability of new medical products and therapies for diabetes care essential, there have been many barriers encountered in bringing some drugs and devices to pediatric patients who may benefit. Newer insulins have been studied and approved for use in children. However, hurdles exist in the inclusion of children in studies of therapies aimed at preventing β-cell loss in those with new-onset diabetes and those at risk for type 1 diabetes. This Perspective focuses on potential solutions to the challenges experienced in bringing new drugs for pediatric type 1 diabetes to marketing approval. Given their central importance as the users of medical products, patient perspectives are included along with scientific and regulatory considerations.
Defining Pathways for Development of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Consensus Report
Authors: Wherrett Diane K. , Chiang Jane L. , Delamater Alan M. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Gitelman Stephen E. , Gottlieb Peter A. , Herold Kevan C. , Lovell Daniel J. , Orchard Trevor J. , Ryan Christopher M. , Schatz Desmond A. , Wendler David S. , Greenbaum Carla J. ,   the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: September 2015

Emerging data suggest that type 1 diabetes is a more aggressive disease in children than in adults, with important differences in pathophysiology and clinical course. Therefore, the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies may be different in the two populations. Understanding the developmental and regulatory pathways for type 1 diabetes–modifying therapies in children will enable industry, academia, funders, advocacy groups, and regulators to translate new science to clinical care. This consensus report characterizes the fundamental differences in type 1 diabetes between children and adults and proposes a thoughtful approach to better understand the development and regulatory pathways for type 1 diabetes therapies.
Growth Response Of Container Grown Japanese Azalea And Euonymus And Concentration Of Nitrates And Phosphates In The Runoff Water Under Different Irrigation And Fertilization
Authors: Matysiak Bożena
Published: September 2015

In this study a growth response of two container-grown ornamentals (Euonymus japonicus ‘Ovatus Aureus’ and Rhododendron ‘Geisha Orange’) grown under different irrigation and fertilization rates was examined. The content of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the plant leaves and in leachates was measured. Two levels of irrigation – standard irrigation (SI) and – high irrigation rate (HI), and three control-release fertilizers (CRFs) – Multicote 17-17-17, Osmocote Exact Standard 16-9-12 and Plantacote 15-10-15, applied at the rate of 1.5, 3.0 or 4.5 g·l−1, were applied. Fast-acting fertilizers were used as the control. HI adversely affected the growth and quality of Euonymus but stimulated the growth and increased quality of Rhododendron within two years of cultivation in relation to SI. There were no significant interactions between the irrigation and fertilization treatments; irrespective of water regimes, growth responses of both plant species to used fertilizers were similar. Osmocote and Plantacote at the rate of 3 g·l−1 were the most effective for the growth of Euonymus and Rhododendron plants, except of Euonymus in the second year, when 4.5 g·l−1 CRFs resulted in the best growth of plants. HI increased the amount of runoff water as well as N-NO3 and P-PO4 losses from containers during the entire growing period, irrespective of a fertilizer type. The amount of the nitrate and phosphate in leakage was higher when higher rates of CRFs were applied. Maximum nitrate concentration in leakage was the highest 14 days after the application of CRFs.
Rain-Fed Plantations Of The Domesticated Ziziphus Mauritiana In The Sahel: Effects Of Varieties And Rootstocks On Yields And Fruit Quality
Authors: Ibrahim Ali , Pasternak Dov , Guimbo Iro Dan , Saidou Abdou Salam , Amadou Moustapha
Published: September 2015

A long-term study was conducted to explore the possibility of using traditional rain-fed systems for growing domesticated Ziziphus mauritiana (so-called Pomme du Sahel) in the Sahel. Five varieties, Gola, Ben Gurion, Seb, Umran and Kaithli, were grafted on six rootstocks of Z. mauritiana from various agroecological zones of Niger. Trees were planted inside microcatchments at 8 × 8 m spacing. Over a period of six years, the variety Umran gave the highest fruit yield (3600 kg·ha−1) and the lowest fruit yield was documented for variety Seb (1970 kg·ha−1). Individual fruit weight ranged from 25.8 g for ‘Umran’ to 9.5 g for ‘Seb’. The rootstocks had no effect on average fruits yields and fruit size. There was a significant linear correlation between fruit yield and annual rainfall. In a rainy year (680 mm), the average yield of the five varieties was 7580 kg·ha−1. The results of the current study indicate that dry land plantations of Pomme du Sahel can guarantee food security during dry years in the Sahel. However, further studies are required to evaluate the economic feasibility of this system.
Effect Of Fertilization And Mycorrhization On Growth And Nutritional Status Of Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon Ait.) In The Nursery
Authors: Michałojć Zenia , Koter Michał
Published: September 2015

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is a species that is becoming increasingly popular due to the health value and taste qualities of fruits. Studies on cranberry ‘Pilgrim’ were carried out in 2012-2013 in the nursery farm. Plants were grown in containers in open space. The effect of method of fertilization and application of mycorrhizal vaccine on the growth, development and nutritional status of plants during the first two years of cultivation in the nursery was evaluated. Fertilizer characterized by a controlled release of nutrients (CRF) – Osmocote 6M, agent with sustained-releasing components (SRF) – Hortiform pH, fertigation and fertilization using Hortiform pH combined with fertigation, were applied. The vaccine contained fungi of Hymenoscyphus sp. genus that are characteristic for Vaccinium genus. Significantly greater weight of plant shoots as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents were recorded in plants supplied with the mycorrhizal vaccine. A positive effect of slow-releasing fertilizers on plant weight and their chemical composition has been demonstrated, whereas plants fertigated developed lower mass of shoots and contained less nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium.
Pathogenicity Of Mycogone Perniciosa Isolates Collected On Polish Mushroom Farms
Authors: Szumigaj-Tarnowska Joanna , Ślusarski Czesław , Uliński Zbigniew
Published: September 2015

Mycogone perniciosa is the fungal pathogen causing the wet bubble of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). The main symptoms of disease are undifferentiated, irregular forms of mushroom tissue, cap spotting and development of amber liquid droplets on the distorted mushrooms. The aim of the research was to assess the pathogenicity of M. perniciosa isolates that were obtained from the infected sporophores. Six isolates from Polish mushroom farms as well reference strain of Hypomyces perniciosus CBS 322.52 were used in this study. The pathogenicity of isolates was assessed on the basis of severity of disease symptoms and crop reduction in the first flush. Mushroom crop was infected with different suspensions containing of M. perniciosa aleuriospores. Significant variability was shown between tested isolates. It was stated that the pathogenicity of isolates and concentration of conidia had a significant influence on the mushroom yield. The isolate of high pathogenicity caused significant yield losses, after inoculation with 1.3 × 104·m−2, whereas the isolate with fairly pathogenicity did not produce symptoms of wet bubble disease or caused slight deformation of single sporophores, even when the casing soil was inoculated with 1.3 × 106·m−2 spores.
An accurate REDD+ reference level for Terai Arc Landscape, Nepal using LiDAR assisted Multi-source Programme (LAMP)
Authors: Joshi A. R. , Tegel K. , Manandhar U. , Aguilar-Amuchastegui N. , Dinerstein E. , Eivazi A. , Gamble L. , Gautam B. , Gunia K. , Gunia M. , Hall D. , Hämäläinen J. , Hawkes M. , Junttila V. , Gautam S. K. , Kandel Y. , Kandel P. , Kauranne T , Kolesnikov A , Latva-Käyrä P. , Lohani S. , Nepal S. M. , Niles J. , Peukurinen J. , Powell G. , Rana P. , Suihkonen T. , Thapa G. J.
Published: September 2015

In preparation for participation in funding mechanisms established under the United Nations’ framework for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), the Government of Nepal has developed a sub-national reference level (RL) for the 12 districts of Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) in partnership with the WWF-Nepal, WWF-US and Arbonaut Ltd., Finland. The reference level was established using LiDAR–Assisted Multisource Programme (LAMP), an innovative effort that utilizes existing national forest and survey data, field sampling, satellite imagery, and airborne LiDAR data to measure deforestation and forest degradation, regrowth and maintenance of forests, and the resulting emissions and sequestration of CO2 in the project districts for the period 1999–2011. This effort was designed to create a sub-national RL that meets the highest international standards for integrity and transparency and followed closely the guidelines of the Methodological Framework (MF) defined by the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) at the World Bank and Guidelines defined by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).The present analysis shows that during the 12-year period between 1999 and 2011 a net total of 52,245,991 tons CO2 (tCO2e) was emitted from the forest sector in the TAL, an average emission of 4,353,833 tons CO2e per year. The results presented here reflect the first iteration of the TAL RL and a major milestone in an on-going process that will further refine and improve the RL in the months ahead based on external review and input and additional field verification and data analysis.Banko Janakari, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp-23-33
Nutrient status of rangeland in upper Mustang
Authors: Maharjan M. , Awasthi K. D. , Pande K. R. , Thapa N.
Published: September 2015

The study aimed at assessing the nutrient status of rangeland in upper Mustang. The assessment is necessary to know about the soil quality or productivity of soil of rangeland. Livestock rearing is one of the main occupations in upper Mustang but nowadays due to lack of palatable species for livestock, people are leaving the occupation which is directly affecting their livelihood status. Therefore this research was carried out to find out if the soil nutrient is the reason behind the lack of availability of palatable species in the rangeland. For soil sampling, north and south aspects were taken. In case of altitude, 3850 m, 3650 m and 3450 m were taken. Soil samples were taken from soil profile up to 60cm depth at interval of 20 cm. Available phosphorus and available potassium were found to be high at north aspect but total nitrogen was found to be high at south aspect. Both total nitrogen and available phosphorus were found to be high at 3650 m. Available potassium was gradually decreased with increasing altitude. Total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. Nutrient status was high at top soil (0-20 cm).The soil nutrient (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) status was found to be good in the study area. Further research on biophysical and ecological aspect of Rangeland in Upper Mustang is necessary to manage it properly.Banko Janakari, Vol. 24, No. 1, PP. 41-46
Central Forest Library Acquisition List No. 62, May 2014
Authors: Library Central Forest
Published: September 2015

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Key Word Index to Vol. 24, No. 1, May 2014
Authors: Index Key Word
Published: September 2015

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Raman tomography of natural air hydrates
Authors: Weikusat Christian , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Weikusat Ilka
Published: September 2015

Cryo-Raman tomography allows us, for the first time, to determine accurate morphologies and volumes of natural air hydrates in Antarctic ice cores. The measurements show complex growth structures that are not accounted for by the available models of hydrate formation.
Uncommon Glycosidases for the Enzymatic Preparation of Glycosides
Authors: Trincone Antonio
Published: September 2015

Most of the reports in literature dedicated to the use of glycosyl hydrolases for the preparation of glycosides are about gluco- (α- and β-form) and galacto-sidase (β-form), reflecting the high-availability of both anomers of glucosides and of β-galactosides and their wide-ranging applications. Hence, the idea of this review was to analyze the literature focusing on hardly-mentioned natural and engineered glycosyl hydrolases. Their performances in the synthetic mode and natural hydrolytic potential are examined. Both the choice of articles and their discussion are from a biomolecular and a biotechnological perspective of the biocatalytic process, shedding light on new applicative ideas and on the assortment of biomolecular diversity. The hope is to elicit new interest for the development of biocatalysis and to gather attention of biocatalyst practitioners for glycosynthesis.
Combinatorial Control of mRNA Fates by RNA-Binding Proteins and Non-Coding RNAs
Authors: Iadevaia Valentina , Gerber André
Published: September 2015

Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and small non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) that bind to distinct elements in their mRNA targets. Here, we review recent examples describing the synergistic and/or antagonistic effects mediated by RBPs and miRNAs to determine the localisation, stability and translation of mRNAs in mammalian cells. From these studies, it is becoming increasingly apparent that dynamic rearrangements of RNA-protein complexes could have profound implications in human cancer, in synaptic plasticity, and in cellular differentiation.
Failures during Load-Frequency Control Maneuvers in an Upgraded Hydropower Plant: Causes, Identification of Causes and Solution Proposals
Authors: Pérez-Díaz Juan , Sarasúa José
Published: September 2015

The objective of this paper is to investigate the cause of several unexpected high amplitude oscillations that occurred in the surge tank water level of a real hydropower plant during secondary load-frequency control (LFC) maneuvers, after the replacement of the turbine runner, and to propose solutions that allow the power plant to continue providing secondary LFC in a safe and reliable manner. For this purpose, a simulation model has been developed and calibrated from data gathered during several on-site tests. Two different solutions are proposed in order to cope with the observed problem: using a state-dependent load change rate limiter or modifying the hydro turbine governor gains; the turbine governor remains the same as before the runner replacement. The proposed solutions are tested against a set of realistic secondary LFC signals by means of simulations and compared to each other as a function of the probability that the surge tank water level descends below a minimum safe level and the quality of the secondary LFC response. The results presented in the paper demonstrate the validity of the methodology proposed to determine the state-dependent ramp limit, as well as its effectiveness to prevent the surge tank drawdown and to provide clear insight into the trade-off between response quality and power plant safety.