bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons from integrated seasonal forecast-crop modelling in Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Mkuhlani Siyabusa , Zinyengere Nkulumo , Kumi Naomi , Crespo Olivier
Published: November 2022

Seasonal forecasts coupled with crop models can potentially enhance decision-making in smallholder farming in Africa. The study sought to inform future research through identifying and critiquing crop and climate models, and techniques for integrating seasonal forecast information and crop models. Peer-reviewed articles related to crop modelling and seasonal forecasting were sourced from Google Scholar, Web of Science, AGRIS, and JSTOR. Nineteen articles were selected from a search outcome of 530. About 74% of the studies used mechanistic models, which are favored for climate risk management research as they account for crop management practices. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Hamburg, are the predominant global climate models (GCMs) used across Africa. A range of approaches have been assessed to improve the effectiveness of the connection between seasonal forecast information and mechanistic crop models, which include GCMs, analogue, stochastic disaggregation, and statistical prediction through converting seasonal weather summaries into the daily weather. GCM outputs are produced in a format compatible with mechanistic crop models. Such outputs are critical for researchers to have information on the merits and demerits of tools and approaches on integrating seasonal forecast and crop models. There is however need to widen such research to other regions in Africa, crop, farming systems, and policy.
Association of circulating free and total oxysterols in breast cancer patients
Authors: Decker Nina Sophia , Johnson Theron , Behrens Sabine , Obi Nadia , Kaaks Rudolf , Chang-Claude Jenny , Fortner Renée Turzanski
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Oxysterols, a family of oxidized cholesterol derivates, are of increasing interest due to their role in cancer development and progression. Some oxysterols are estrogen receptor modulators and thus of particular interest in breast cancer research. In human studies, two forms of circulating oxysterols are commonly evaluated: “free” (unesterified) and “total” (esterified and unesterified). However, associations between free and total oxysterols are not well established. We addressed this knowledge gap in a pilot study by evaluating correlations between the free and the total form of each of the circulating oxysterols (free vs. total), and pairwise associations within the panel of total oxysterols (total vs. total) and the panel of free oxysterols (free vs. free).

Methods

Concentrations of oxysterols and other non-cholesterol sterols were quantified in blood samples of 27 breast cancer patients from the MARIE breast cancer patient cohort using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We used Spearman rank correlations to assess associations. Overall, 12 oxysterols (including 27-hydroxycholesterol (HC), 25-HC, 24S-HC, 7a-HC, 5a6a-epoxycholesterol) and five sterols (including lanosterol and desmosterol) were analyzed.

Results

Strong correlations (r≥0.82) were observed for seven circulating free and total oxysterols/sterols. The free and total form of 27-HC (r=0.63), 25-HC (r=0.54), and two more oxysterols were weaker correlated. Correlation patterns in the panel of total oxysterols/sterols and the panel of free oxysterols/sterols were similar.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that concentrations of most free and total oxysterols/sterols are strongly correlated. We provide further insight into the interrelationships between oxysterols in breast cancer patients.
Imperative: reducing the environmental impact of clinical laboratories
Authors: Gammie Alistair J. , Lopez Joseph B. , Scott Sheri
Published: November 2022

Clinical laboratories are significant contributors to the environmental burden of the planet. They have been slow to address the issues with a few exceptions, but it is highly encouraging to see the current impetus and ambition in this direction. This paper describes some of these initiatives and provides the rationale as to why clinical laboratories should become sustainable. It also describes the economic and intangible benefits that labs will accrue in achieving sustainability.
‘We don’t speak the same language:’ language choice and identity on a Tunisian internet forum
Authors: McNeil Karen
Published: November 2022

The linguistic situation in the Arab world is in an important state of transition, with the “spoken” vernaculars increasingly functioning as written languages as well. While this fact is widely acknowledged and the subject of a growing body of qualitative literature, there is little quantitative research detailing the process in action. The current project examines this development as it is occurring in Tunisia: I present the findings from a corpus study comparing the frequency of Tunisian Arabic–Standard Arabic equivalent pairs in online forum posts from 2010 with those from 2021. The findings show that the proportion of Tunisian lexical items, compared to their Standard Arabic equivalents, increased from a minority (19.7%) to a majority (69.9%) over this period. At the same time, metalinguistic comments on the forum reveal that, although its status is still contentious, Tunisian has become unmarked as a written language. These changes can be attributed to major developments in Tunisian society over the period of study – including internet access and the 2011 revolution. These findings suggest destabilization of the diglossic language situation in Tunisia and a privileging of national identity vis-à-vis the rest of the Arab world.
Ill-posed problems and the conjugate gradient method: Optimal convergence rates in the presence of discretization and modelling errors
Authors: Neubauer Andreas
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we prove order-optimal convergence rates for the conjugate gradient method applied to linear ill-posed problems when not only the data are noisy but also when the operator is perturbed via discretization and modelling errors.
Equilibrium points, linear stability, and bifurcation analysis on the dynamics of a quantum dot light emitting diode system
Authors: Al Attabi Tareq A. , Al Husseini Hussein B.
Published: November 2022

In this paper a quantum dot light emitting diode (QDLED) system is modeled as a three dimensionless differential system. We identified three vital parameters Γ the rate of the output coupling rate of photons in the optical mode to the nonradiative decay rate of the number of carriers in the wetting layer (WL), Γ
1 the rate of the Einstein coefficient to the nonradiative decay rate of the number of carriers in the WL and δ

o
such that I/We is the divide the injection current on Einstein coefficient multiplying elementary charge. Using these parameters a novel way to stability of the dynamics based on the number of interior equilibrium solutions admitted by the system has been obtained. We investigate the considered model is reach in dynamics and identified various bifurcations that are experienced by the considered system from the parameter space. These are saddle-node bifurcation, trans-critical bifurcation, and pitchfork bifurcation. In this study we offer mathematical proof for the incidence of these bifurcations that take place in the considered dynamical system as the parameters move between the regions presented in the parameter space and accordingly, this method was enhanced with numerical results.
Situational diversity and linguistic complexity
Authors: Grieve Jack
Published: November 2022

In this paper, I introduce a situational approach to the study of linguistic complexity. As opposed to most research on linguistic complexity, which has focused on the grammatical complexity of languages, I consider this topic from a situational perspective. I make two proposals. First, I claim that languages can vary in their situational diversity. Languages that have been adapted for a wider range of communicative contexts are more situationally complex than languages that have been adapted for a narrower range of communicative contexts. To support this claim, I consider examples of situational diversity from across a range of different languages and varieties of languages, drawing on empirical research from linguistics and anthropology. Second, I claim that situational diversity can help explain variation in grammatical complexity. I propose that increasing situational diversity in a language over time should lead to decreasing grammatical complexity. Furthermore, I argue that this trade-off between situational and grammatical complexity could explain how overall linguistic complexity could be maintained across languages and over time.
Digitale Kompetenzen in Deutschland
Authors: Bachmann Ronald , Hertweck Friederike , Kamb Rebecca , Lehner Judith , Niederstadt Malte
Published: November 2022

Based on the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), the study provides an overview of the distribution of digital literacy in Germany up to the beginning of the Covid pandemic. Already in childhood and adolescence, there are systematic differences in digital literacy depending on socio-economic background. Children with a migration background and those with unemployed parents show particularly low digital literacy. Gender-specific differences in digital literacy are small in childhood and adolescence, but clearly pronounced among adults. In addition, people with little formal education and people with a migration background have systematically lower digital competences in adulthood. The education sector should therefore promote the digital competences of children and young people at an early stage in order to compensate for the apparently low level of competence development outside the formal education sector. Educational opportunities for digitally less competent adults should also be strengthened to enable older generations to continue to participate in the changing spheres of life, education, and work.
Eco-benign preparation of biosorbent using Momordica Charantia for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) ions from wastewater
Authors: Manzoor Qaisar , Shahab Muhammad Rehan , Sajid Arfaa , Yaseen Hafiz Muzammal , Alqahtani Fatimah Othman , Malik Qaisar Mahmood , Nazir Arif , Arif Khalid , Iqbal Munawar
Published: November 2022

Environmental pollution is the major issue of 21st century. The toxic industrial effluents are crucially damaging aquatic environment, in the form of heavy metals, dyes and acids. The heavy metals are toxic, carcinogenic, non-degradable and therefore must be removed to save natural environment and human health. Batch sorption efficiency of Momordica Charantia L. stem and root (MCS and MCR) was studied for Cr(VI) metal ions removal under controlled adsorption parameters. The adsorbed and residual concentration of Cr(VI) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The adsorbent surface morphology was determined by FTIR, BET, SEM and elemental analysis by EDX. The Freundlich and Langmuir equilibrium isotherm and pseudo 1st and 2nd order kinetic models were studied to understand bio-sorption mechanism. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo 2nd order kinetic was best fitted model for MCS and MCR bio-sorption process. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity (q
max) was 312.50 and 400 (mg/g) for MCS and MCR respectively. The trend of removal efficiency (%) and metal uptake (q
e) was in order as MCS > MCR. All data was statistically analyzed using mean values ± standard deviation (SD). In conclusion, MCS and MCR are suggested as excellent sorbents for the elimination of numerous contaminants from the wastewater.
A magyar szegénygondozástól a produktív szociálpolitikáig 1920–1943 között
Authors: Molnár Margit
Published: November 2022

A szegénygondozás lényege (Egri Norma, Pécsi Norma, Magyar norma elnevezéssel) hogy szervezettséget vitt a segélyek összegyűjtésébe, majd szétosztásába, és megszüntette a koldulást. A gondozást egyházi rend által végezték, s ezek a szegénygondozó testvérek a helyszínen keresték fel a szegényeket, környezettanulmányt végeztek, és mindenkinek azt adták, amire szüksége volt (pl. napi ebéd családoknál, napi/havi élelmiszer-adag, ruhanemű, tüzelő, készpénz-segély). Ezen túlmenően részt vettek a betegek, öregek gondozásában is.

Az 1930-as években terjedt el a szociális állam eszméje. Ez Magyarországon egy különleges nemzeti utat takart, az állam szervei útján az egész életre kiterjedően segítette az egyént, családot (anya- csecsemő- gyermekvédelem, zöld keresztes egészségvédelem, szegénygondozás a Magyar Norma szerint).

A produktív szociálpolitika lényege a fokozatosság elve: „ott ahol az elesettség a legnagyobb, nem lehet a juttatásoknak a legnagyobb fokával kezdeni az elesettségből való kiemelést, mert ha az elesett nem rendelkezik a szükséges erkölcsi és ismeretbeli kellékekkel, a segítésnek az ismeretek nyújtásával és helyes gazdálkodásra való tanítással paralel kell haladni. Sok éves tapasztalat igazolja, hogy az elesettségből csak fokozatosan lehet az egyéneket a jobb gazdasági körülmények közé helyezni.” (Esztergár, 1939)
A Királyhágómelléki Református Egyházkerület szociális tevékenysége 1920–1941 között
Authors: Pásztor Rita
Published: November 2022

A trianoni döntés következtében a Tiszántúli Református Egyházkerület felbomlott, a Romániához került egyházmegyék új egységbe tömörültek, a Királyhágómelléki Református Egyházkerületbe, amelyet hivatalosan csak 1939-ben ismerték el. Az állami támogatásra nem jogosult, tevékenységében akadályozott egyházkerület a nehézségek ellenére jelentős szociális tevékenységet fejtett ki. Nagyváradon református szociális egyesületek működtek, árvaházat tartottak fenn, és az idősgondozást is megszervezték.
Dimitrie Gusti szociológiai iskolája és a monografikus társadalomkutatás kezdetei
Authors: Butoi Ionuţ
Published: November 2022

Dimitrie Gusti társadalomkutatást és cselekvést ötvöző felfogását a társadalmi problémák kezeléséről először az 1920-as években kirobbant egyetemi zavargások idején alkalmazta. Egy kisebb keresztény egyetemi csoport közreműködésével kidolgozta az egyetemi élet megreformálását célzó intervenciós programot, ehhez az egyetemisták életét kutató szociológiai vizsgálatot is társított. A program csak részben valósult meg, de a hozzá kapcsolódó tapasztalat összekovácsolta az első monografikus közösséget.
Dimitrie Gusti’s finest achievement: The Social Service Law in Romania
Authors: Sdrobiș Dragoș
Published: November 2022

The compulsory social service represented a mechanism to combat the effects of intellectual unemployment in interwar Romania. The role of the sociologist Gusti was essential: he generalized the scientific work of the students as a mechanism placed in the service of the villages. His vision was embraced by King Carol II in his way to become “king of the youth”. The social service turned into a political attempt to redirect the youth from the legionary ideology to the regime of royal dictatorship.
„Másodrangú szereplők.” Nők a bukaresti szociológiai iskolában
Authors: Văcărescu Theodora-Eliza
Published: November 2022

A két világháború között a Gusti-iskola számos monográfiai kutatást valósított meg Románia falvaiban. Ezekben több egyetemistalány és kutatónő is részt vett, akik a román szociológia szempontjából is jelentős munkát végeztek, ám – a korabeli nemi szerepeknek megfelelően – a monográfiai csapatok férfi tagjai korlátozták szakmai előmenetelüket, és többnyire asszisztensi szerepet szántak nekik. Két kutatónő példáján mutatjuk be a női monografisták másodrangú státusát biztosító mechanizmusokat.
A lakosság illegális szerhasználattal kapcsolatos ismereteinek és a kábítószer probléma kezelési lehetőségeinek vizsgálata egy hátrányos helyzetű térségben
Authors: Borda Viktória , Brettner Zsuzsanna , Mucsi Georgina , Vojtek Éva
Published: November 2022

A Nemzeti Drogellenes Stratégia 2013-2020 szerint „…a kábítószer-jelenség szorosan összefügg más kémiai és viselkedési függőségi problémákkal, elsősorban pedig a nemzet általános lelki egészségi állapotával, különös tekintettel az értékszemlélet, a kapcsolati kultúra, a problémamegoldó készség személyes és közösségi jellemzőire..” (p. 7). A különböző társadalmi rétegek esetében sajátos módon jelennek meg a szerhasználattal kapcsolatos problémák és az azokhoz kötődő prevenciós vagy éppen korrekciós eszközök. A hátrányos helyzetű, leszakadó térségek közösségei az állandó egzisztenciális bizonytalanság, a szolgáltatásokhoz való hozzáférés egyenlőtlenségei és a beszűkülő kapcsolati hálók miatt magasabb kockázattal bírnak a lelki egészség romlásával, a függőségek és a deviáns viselkedések kialakulásával kapcsolatban.

A tanulmányban bemutatott terepkutatás, a Nemzeti Drogellenes Stratégia kapcsolati-közösségi fókuszához igazodva, a dél-dunántúli régió gazdaságilag és társadalmilag egyik legelmaradottabb térségének két települését vizsgálta az új pszichoaktív szerhasználattal való fertőzöttséggel, a lakosság kábítószer problémával, az illegális szerhasználattal kapcsolatos ismereteivel, a problémakezelés tekintetében jelenlévő, elérhető intézményekkel, szervezetekkel, problémakezelési megoldásokkal és lehetőségekkel összefüggésben.
Új pszichoaktív szereket használó személyek központi konstrukciói, önértékelése és azonosulási folyamatai
Authors: B. Erdős Márta , Borda Viktória , Kárpáti Tamás , Rozgonyi Róbert
Published: November 2022

Az identitás alakulása a kapcsolathálózat és a környezet függvénye. Az identitás változásának kulcsfontosságú szerepe van a szerhasználati mintázatok és a deviáns viselkedés alakulásában. Tanulmányunkban bemutatjuk az identitás strukturális analízise (ISA) (Weinreich, 2003) elméleti alapvetéseit és vizsgálati módszerét. Az Ipseus keretszoftver alkalmazásával tíz új pszichoaktív szereket (ÚPSZ) használó kliens identitás-vizsgálatát végeztük el. Az exploratív vizsgálat eredményeiből a főbb személyi konstrukciókra, azonosulási mintázatokra és konfliktusokra következtethetünk. Itt bemutatott vizsgálatunk további, nagyobb mintán lefolytatott kutatás alapjául szolgálhat.
Loss ofNF1inDrosophilaLarvae Causes Tactile Hypersensitivity and Impaired Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Dyson Alex , Ryan Megan , Garg Shruti , Evans D. Gareth , Baines Richard A.
Published: November 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition in which the mechanisms underlying its core symptomatology are largely unknown. Studying animal models of monogenic syndromes associated with ASD, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), can offer insights into its etiology. Here, we show that loss of function of theDrosophila NF1ortholog results in tactile hypersensitivity following brief mechanical stimulation in the larva (mixed sexes), paralleling the sensory abnormalities observed in individuals with ASD. Mutant larvae also exhibit synaptic transmission deficits at the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ), with increased spontaneous but reduced evoked release. While the latter is homeostatically compensated for by a postsynaptic increase in input resistance, the former is consistent with neuronal hyperexcitability. Indeed, diminished expression ofNF1specifically within central cholinergic neurons induces both excessive neuronal firing and tactile hypersensitivity, suggesting the two may be linked. Furthermore, both impaired synaptic transmission and behavioral deficits are fully rescued via knock-down of Ras proteins. These findings validateNF1−/−Drosophilaas a tractable model of ASD with the potential to elucidate important pathophysiological mechanisms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1–2% of the overall population and can considerably impact an individual's quality of life. However, there are currently no treatments available for its core symptoms, largely because of a poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved. Examining how loss of function of the ASD-associatedNF1gene affects behavior and physiology inDrosophilamay shed light on this. In this study, we identify a novel, ASD-relevant behavioral phenotype inNF1−/−larvae, namely an enhanced response to mechanical stimulation, which is associated with Ras-dependent synaptic transmission deficits indicative of neuronal hyperexcitability. Such insights support the use ofDrosophilaneurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) models in ASD research and may provide outputs for genetic or pharmacological screens in future studies.
Deterministic and Stochastic Components of Cortical Down States: Dynamics and Modulation
Authors: Camassa Alessandra , Galluzzi Andrea , Mattia Maurizio , Sanchez-Vives Maria V.
Published: November 2022

Slow oscillations are an emergent activity of the cerebral cortex network consisting of alternating periods of activity (Up states) and silence (Down states). Up states are periods of persistent cortical activity that share properties with that of underlying wakefulness. However, the occurrence of Down states is almost invariably associated with unconsciousness, both in animal models and clinical studies. Down states have been attributed relevant functions, such as being a resetting mechanism or breaking causal interactions between cortical areas. But what do Down states consist of? Here, we explored in detail the network dynamics (e.g., synchronization and phase) during these silent periodsin vivo(male mice),in vitro(ferrets, either sex), andin silico, investigating various experimental conditions that modulate them: anesthesia levels, excitability (electric fields), and excitation/inhibition balance. We identified metastability as two complementary phases composing such quiescence states: a highly synchronized “deterministic” period followed by a low-synchronization “stochastic” period. The balance between these two phases determines the dynamical properties of the resulting rhythm, as well as the responsiveness to incoming inputs or refractoriness. We propose detailed Up and Down state cycle dynamics that bridge cortical properties emerging at the mesoscale with their underlying mechanisms at the microscale, providing a key to understanding unconscious states.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebral cortex expresses slow oscillations consisting of Up (active) and Down (silent) states. Such activity emerges not only in slow wave sleep, but also under anesthesia and in brain lesions. Down states functionally disconnect the network, and are associated with unconsciousness. Based on a large collection of data, novel data analysis approaches and computational modeling, we thoroughly investigate the nature of Down states. We identify two phases: a highly synchronized “deterministic” period, followed by a low-synchronization “stochastic” period. The balance between these two phases determines the dynamic properties of the resulting rhythm and responsiveness to incoming inputs. This finding reconciles different theories of slow rhythm generation and provides clues about how the brain switches from conscious to unconscious brain states.
EFFECT OF THE CHLOROFORM AS A CHEMICAL TREATMENT ON GAS SENSING FOR CuPcTs/Alq3 THIN FILMS
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, Wasit University, Al Kut, Iraq, KADHIM GHADA A. , MOHAMMED MAHDI A. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, Wasit University, Al Kut, Iraq
Published: November 2022

The effect of chemical treatment by chloroform at different immersion time values of 30, 50, and 70 min has been studied on the structural, morphological, electrical properties, and gas sensitivity against NO2 gas for CuPcTs/Alq3 thin films. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was shown that the crystal size decreased from 4.8 to 2.7 nm with increasing immersion time to 50 min and then transferred to amorphous at 70 min. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements for the untreated and chemically treated films with chloroform was shown that the average particle diameter decreased at 50 minutes of immersing time and then increased at 70 minutes. At 50 minutes of treatment time, the electrical properties of the thin films improved and the gas sensor measurements for NO2 were shown the best sensitivity at 373 K.
FABRICATION OF MESOPOROUS WITHIN ZEOLITE Y USING MIXED TEMPLATES
Authors:   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, No. 88 Quanbei East Street, Qiaodong District, Xingtai 054001, China, ZHAO J. , CHANG S. Y. ,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, No. 88 Quanbei East Street, Qiaodong District, Xingtai 054001, China, HAO Y. C. ,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, No. 88 Quanbei East Street, Qiaodong District, Xingtai 054001, China, YU L. ,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, No. 88 Quanbei East Street, Qiaodong District, Xingtai 054001, China, ZHAO Z. J. ,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, No. 88 Quanbei East Street, Qiaodong District, Xingtai 054001, China, WANG G. G. ,   Collegeof Chemical Engineering and Environment , China University of Petroleum (Beijing), No.18 Fuxue road, Changping District, Beijing102249, China, LIU B. J. ,   Collegeof Chemical Engineering and Environment , China University of Petroleum (Beijing), No.18 Fuxue road, Changping District, Beijing102249, China
Published: November 2022

Mesoporous zeolite Y was prepared using a block copolymerand hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as mixed templates. Copolymer−ionic surfactant complexes were formed and grafted into aluminosilicate gel, introducing mesoporous into zeolite. The XRD results indicated the mesoporous sample showed high crystalline and hydrothermal stability indicating a negligible damaging effect on the framework. Nitrogen adsorption and desorption results of mesoporous zeolite showed the uniform property of mesopore size distribution in the range of 2.0-5.0 nm with a greater surface area (630 m2 g -1 ), mesopore volume (0.324 cm3 g -1 ), and mesopore area (99 m2 g -1 ). A novel method was provided to develop an available mesoporosity.
Synthesis of PVA-Fe2O3-TiO2 hybrid structure for biomedical application
Authors:   University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Algelal H. M. A. , Kareem S. S. ,   Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq, Mohammed K. A. ,   Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq, Khamees E. J. ,   Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq, Abed A. S. ,   Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq, Alkhayatt A. H. O. ,   Department of Physics, Kufa University, faculty of science, Najaf, Iraq, Al-Okbi R. R. ,   Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 1696700, Mashhad, Iran
Published: November 2022

This work investigates the structure, morphology, and optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in a Fe2O3–PVA composite matrix. The samples were examined using a variety of techniques, including field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption and transmission spectra, and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR). Crystallography information revealed the presence of TiO2 doesn’t effect in the crystal structure of PVA-Fe2O3. The manufactured composites demonstration strong absorption in the range of 440–570 nm. It is important that the highest absorption of these composites gradually shifted to the shorter wavelength region with presence of TiO2. PVA-Fe2O3 is highly transparent with transmittance of around 85 % in range 600-800 nm. After addition of 2.5 % by weight of TiO2 nanoparticles, the transmittance of nanocomposite drops to 75% in the same range of wavelength . Further addition of nanoparticles reduced the percentage transmittance to 68%. The results specify that as the TiO2 ratio increases, the band gap be wider.
Synthesis and analysis of flakes graphene oxide
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry Universitet, Az-1010, Baku, Azadlig ave. 20, Abaszade R. G.
Published: November 2022

The presented article is devoted to the synthesis and analysis of flakes graphene oxide obtained by the Hammers method. The synthesized flakes graphene oxide was studied using SEM, EDX, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, element analysis, temperature dependent of resistance and IR spectroscopy. As a result of calculating the results of X-ray analysis according to the Debye-Scherer’s formula, the thickness of graphite flakes was about 12,9nm and the number of layers was 38. The result of the Raman analysis show that high quality flakes grapheme oxide was obtained. Based on the result of elementary analysis of grapheme oxide mass, the C/O ratio was determined to be 1,42. The grapheme layers inside the sample were 3,31nm thick and 14,8nm long by scanning electron microscope. The temperature variation of the resistance was determined. IR spectroscopy shows the results of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared range by atomic groups of reduced grapheme oxide and the excitation of the molecule by light quanta. When a molecule is irradiated with infrared radiation, it is shown that only quantum absorption quantities are formed according to the frequencies of the molecules.
Solar expedited photodegradation of orange-g using H2O2
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Samayapuram, Trichy-621112, Tamilnadu, India., Raja R. , Venis A. R. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy), Trichy-620002, Tamilnadu, India, Kalaivanan C. ,   Assistant Professor,Department of Chemistry, K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Samayapuram, Trichy-621112, Tamilnadu, India, Padmavathi R. ,   Department of Chemistry, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur, Tamilnadu, India
Published: November 2022

Decolourisation and degradation of azo dye Orange G was carried out by using the solarassisted photodegradation process using H2O2 and the effect of various parameters on decolourisation and degradation were analysed. Dye solutions of concentration 100 mg/L treated with 30% H2O2 were taken in 250 ml conical flasks and they were exposed to sunlight in the lux intensity range of 60,000 to 90,000 lux to study its decolourisation and degradation. Effect of various parameters on decolourisation and degradation of dye like the effect of initial pH, the effect of initial H2O2concentration, the effect of initial dye concentration, the effect of additives like chloride and dihydrogen phosphate of concentration 1 M, the effect of solar light intensity, the effect of temperature were studied as kinetic studies. Optimum pH was found to be 11 and optimum H2O2 concentration was found to be 250 mM to achieve 100 % decolourisation of the dye within the shortest time duration of 1.5 hours. Kinetic studies done on the effect of pH and the effect of H2O2 concentration also provided evidence for that. Effect of chloride ion has lead to enhancement in the rate of decolourisation whereas addition of dihydrogen phosphate ion inhibits the rate of decolourisation. An increase in solar light intensity has lead to increase in the rate of decolourisation. An increase in temperature has lead to increase in the rate of decolourisation. UV spectrum was taken for the dye and degraded dye to study the extent of degradation of the dye. COD and TOC removal were also studied to know about the mineralisation of the dye.
An accessory prefrontal cortex–thalamus circuit sculpts maternal behavior in virgin female mice
Authors: Glat Micaela , Gundacker Anna , Cuenca Rico Laura , Czuczu Barbara , Ben‐Simon Yoav , Harkany Tibor , Pollak Daniela D
Published: November 2022

The ability to care for the young is innate and readily displayed by postpartum females after delivery to ensure offspring survival. Upon pup exposure, rodent virgin (nulliparous) females also develop parental behavior that over time becomes displayed at levels equivalent to parenting mothers. Although maternal behavior in postpartum females and the associated neurocircuits are well characterized, the neural mechanisms underlying the acquisition of maternal behavior without prior experience remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the development of maternal care behavior in response to first‐time pup exposure in virgin females is initiated by the activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). ACC activity is dependent on feedback excitation by Vglut2+/Galanin+neurons of the centrolateral nucleus of the thalamus (CL), with their activity sufficient to display parenting behaviors. Accordingly, acute bidirectional chemogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity in the ACC facilitates or impairs the attainment of maternal behavior, exclusively in virgin females. These results reveal an ACC‐CL neurocircuit as an accessory loop in virgin females for the initiation of maternal care upon first‐time exposure to pups.
The bromodomain protein TRIM28 controls the balance between growth and invasiveness in melanoma
Authors: Nyberg William A , Velasquez‐Pulgarin Diego A , He Tianlin , Sjöstrand Maria , Pellé Lucia , Covacu Ruxandra , Espinosa Alexander
Published: November 2022

Melanoma tumors are highly metastatic partly due to the ability of melanoma cells to transition between invasive and proliferative states. However, the mechanisms underlying this plasticity are still not fully understood. To identify new epigenetic regulators of melanoma plasticity, we combined data mining, tumor models, proximity proteomics, and CUT&RUN sequencing. We focus on the druggable family of bromodomain epigenetic readers and identify TRIM28 as a new regulator of melanoma plasticity. We find that TRIM28 promotes the expression of pro‐invasive genes and that TRIM28 controls the balance between invasiveness and growth of melanoma cells. We demonstrate that TRIM28 acts via the transcription factor JUNB that directly regulates the expression of pro‐invasive and pro‐growth genes. Mechanistically, TRIM28 controls the expression of JUNB by negatively regulating its transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that a TRIM28–JUNB axis controls the balance between invasiveness and growth in melanoma tumors and suggest that the bromodomain protein TRIM28 could be targeted to reduce tumor spread.
In vivo single‐cell transcriptomics reveal Klebsiella pneumoniae skews lung macrophages to promote infection
Authors: Dumigan Amy , Cappa Oisin , Morris Brenda , Sá Pessoa Joana , Calderon‐Gonzalez Ricardo , Mills Grant , Lancaster Rebecca , Simpson David , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Bengoechea Jose A
Published: November 2022

The strategies deployed by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria to counteract host defences are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a novel host–pathogen interaction resulting in skewing lung macrophage polarisation by the human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. We identify interstitial macrophages (IMs) as the main population of lung macrophages associated with Klebsiella. Single‐cell transcriptomics and trajectory analysis of cells reveal type I IFN and IL10 signalling, and macrophage polarisation are characteristic of infected IMs, whereas Toll‐like receptor (TLR) and Nod‐like receptor signalling are features of infected alveolar macrophages. Klebsiella‐induced macrophage polarisation is a singular M2‐type we termed M(Kp). To rewire macrophages, Klebsiella hijacks a TLR‐type I IFN‐IL10‐STAT6 axis. Absence of STAT6 limits Klebsiella intracellular survival and facilitates the clearance of the pathogen in vivo. Glycolysis characterises M(Kp) metabolism, and inhibition of glycolysis results in clearance of intracellular Klebsiella. Capsule polysaccharide governs M(Kp). Klebsiella also skews human macrophage polarisation towards M(Kp) in a type I IFN‐IL10‐STAT6‐dependent manner. Klebsiella induction of M(Kp) represents a novel strategy to overcome host restriction, and identifies STAT6 as target to boost defences against Klebsiella.
Intractable Pancreatic Stone Removal Using SpyGlass™ DS II with Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kim Jung Hun , Cheon Young Koog , Lee Tae Yoon , Lee Sang Hoon
Published: November 2022

Pancreatic stones are a common finding of chronic pancreatitis and may causerecurrent abdominal pain and pancreatitis. Pancreatic stones are often accompaniedby stenosis of the pancreatic duct and are often impacted within the pancreaticduct, so it is not easy to remove the pancreatic stones using a basket. Until now,extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has been used, but it requires repeatedprocedures and the success rate is not very high. The recently developed SpyGlass™DS II (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) has a 3.5 mm diameter that allowsinsertion into the dilated pancreatic duct, it is possible to remove the pancreaticstones using electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) or laser lithotripsy while directlyviewing the pancreatic stones. In this paper, we would like to introduce a method toremove multiple pancreatic stones larger than 10 mm using SpyGlass™ DS II with EHL.
dmrtb1 is involved in the testicular development in Larimichthys crocea
Authors: Feng Yan , Zhong Zhaowei , Wan Haifu , Zhang Ziping , Zou Pengfei , Lin Peng , Jiang Yonghua , Wang Yilei
Published: November 2022

In brief

dmrtb1 performs critical functions in sex determination/differentiation and gonadal development in many organisms, but its role in teleost is rarely studied. Through gene cloning, in situ hybridization, and RNA interference technology, the function of dmrtb1 in testicular development of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) was studied; our study will be helpful in understanding further the molecular regulation mechanism of Lcdmrtb1/Lcdmrt6 in testicular development in L. crocea, and our results enrich the theory of fish dmrts involved in reproductive regulation and provide a new idea for sex control breeding of L. crocea by manipulating reproductive pathway.

Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor B1 (dmrtb1/dmrt6) belongs to one of the members of DMRT family, which performs critical functions in sex determination and differentiation, gonadal development, and functional maintenance. However, knowledge of its exact mechanism remains unclear in teleost. Very little is known about the role of dmrtb1 in the gonad development of Larimichthys crocea. In this study, a dmrtb1 homolog in L. crocea named as Lcdmrtb1 with the full-length cDNA was isolated and characterized. Except for the conserved DM domain, the other regions had low homology. Of the tissues sampled, Lcdmrtb1 was only found to be highly expressed in the testis. In situ hybridization of testis revealed Lcdmrtb1 in both spermatogonia and spermatocytes. After Lcdmrtb1 interference in the testis cells (LYCT) of L. crocea, the expression levels of Lcdmrtb1 and Lcdmrt1 were significantly decreased; subsequently, testicular cell morphology changed from fibrous to round and their growth rate slowed. Similarly, the expression levels of Lcdmrtb1, Lcdmrt1, sox9a/b, and amh were significantly decreased after RNAi in the testis. Furthermore, it was discovered that the spermatogonia had disappeared, and the Sertoli cells had been reduced. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Sox9 protein in the testis was not detected after dmrtb1 was knocked down. These results indicated that the absence of Lcdmrtb1 not only greatly inhibited cell growth and destroyed the morphology of testis cells but also down-regulated Lcdmrt1 expression in the testis. This study will be helpful in understanding further the molecular regulation mechanism of Lcdmrtb1/Lcdmrt6 in testicular development in L. crocea.
Incorporación de Políticas de Calidad en la Educación Superior como Estrategia de Fortalecimiento de Cuerpos Académicos en México
Authors: Villegas Noé , Meraz José Manuel , Madero Yelinca Nalena , Parra Camilo Aberto
Published: November 2022

En las instituciones públicas de educación superior en México, los docentes son agrupados en cuerpos académicos para promover relaciones académicas y científicas. Esta estrategia de agrupación fomenta la interacción entre las distintas disciplinas en que se desarrolla cada profesor. Si bien, existe un aspecto positivo en la sinergia de fortalezas y un aumento significativo en los indicadores institucionales, existe la necesidad de configurar herramientas metodológicas que orienten a los docentes para alcanzar altos niveles de desempeño. El estudio presenta una novedosa metodología de caracterización y evaluación docente en aras de medir el desempeño de los miembros de los cuerpos académicos. Se propone una metodología multicriterio basada en la teoría de la decisión que permita medir indicadores de distinta naturaleza y unidad de medición. Se ha adoptado jerarquía analítica (AHP) para la asignación de la importancia de las variables estudiadas y se utiliza el concepto de función de valor para medir respuestas de los atributos analizados. Los resultados obtenidos han reflejado que algunos profesores mantienen un nivel de desempeño satisfactorio (C6, C8 y C9). 4 docentes reflejan una clara necesidad de estrategias de apoyo institucional (C3, C4, C5 y C10) y 3 profesores demuestran desempeño claramente deficiente (C1, C2 y C7).
Pielęgnacja pacjenta z COVID-19 w oddziale intensywnej terapii na przykładzie oddziału COVID w Wojewódzkim Szpitalu Specjalistycznym w Olsztynie
Authors: Antoszewska Anna
Published: November 2022

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie najważniejszych aspektów pracy pielęgniarek i pielęgniarzy w oddziałach intensywnej terapii, na których przebywają pacjenci z potwierdzonym zakażeniem COVID-19. Nauka bezpiecznej pracy, pielęgnacji oraz obsługi sprzętu stanowi wyzwanie w praktyce pielęgniarskiej. Skuteczna współpraca całego personelu OIT jest niezbędna, by zapewnić bezpieczeństwo oraz najlepszą opiekę pacjentom.
Delirium (zespół majaczeniowy) u pacjentów leczonych w oddziałach intensywnej terapii
Authors: Sadowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

W niniejszym artykule przybliżono problematykę występowania zespołu majaczeniowego w oddziałach intensywnej terapii. Omówiona została specyfika tego jakościowego zaburzenia świadomości, metody jego wczesnego diagnozowania oraz zasady leczenia i prewencji. Wskazano znaczenie wdrożenia ujednoliconej procedury oceny świadomości w oparciu o skalę RASS oraz arkusz CAM-ICU.
Effect of crystal-shaped additives of precipitated calcium carbonate on the whiteness of modified fly ash and hand sheets
Authors: Liu Ping , Wang Xueqin , Li Zongqi , Zhou Jiling , Fan Huiming , Ma Xu
Published: November 2022

Fly ash was modified using calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The morphology of precipitated calcium carbonate was controlled by adding different crystal-shape-forming additives. Effects of sodium hexametaphosphate, zinc chloride, sodium tetraborate decahydrate, and aluminium chloride on the crystal shape of precipitated calcium carbonate were studied. The effects of crystal-shaped additives of precipitated calcium on the whiteness of modified fly ash and hand sheets were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of ZnCl2 (0.35%) can play a role in coating fly ash well. The coating effect of the acicular, chain, and lamellar precipitated calcium carbonate on the surface of fly ash was slightly less effective than that of globular crystals.
Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru, a survey of the families
Authors: McHugh Joseph V. , Chaboo Caroline S.
Published: November 2022

Three beetle families, Sphindidae Jacquelin du Val, Corylophidae LeConte and Latridiidae Erichson, are documented as part of the “Beetles of Peru” project. The checklists are based on fieldwork in Peru, museum specimens, and published literature. Three sphindid genera are indicated as new country records.
Textual Analysis of Quality Assurance Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Higher Education Sector
Authors: Figurek Aleksandra , Cirella Giuseppe T. , Goncharuk Anatoliy G. , Iortyom Enoch T. , Vaskovic Una , Abebe Solomon T.
Published: November 2022

Education is the bedrock of any nation. It is essential for individual and societal growth and development. This study investigates the role of quality assurance in achieving the expected outcome of education in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s higher education sector. A textual analysis is used to examine the National Qualification Framework. The study is based on a documented review and descriptive analysis of student enrollment and programs of studies. The textual analysis is largely qualitative in nature. Unlike the global trend, it can be seen that student enrollment is on the decline in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was found that quality assurance is an indispensable tool for strengthening the higher education sector and for achieving the desired change and outcomes that education offers. It was also found that study programs and curricula are pivotal for teaching and learning processes, and that a unified qualification framework is essential for achieving set objectives of education at all levels. The study recommended that sound quality assurance systems as well as an appropriate structure for monitoring and accreditation be put in place and be judiciously followed in order to achieve the desired outcomes in conjunction with the set objectives of higher education in the country. Moreover, certain pressures (i.e., democratic, economic, and systemic) and obstacles are looked at that show signs of epistemological, political, and institutional barriers that Bosnia and Herzegovina faces as a developing country Europeanizing its system of education.
Transformations of the Contemporary Catholic Education Discourse: A Thematic Analysis of Church Documents
Authors: Labokas Juozapas
Published: November 2022

This article analyzes changes in the official teaching of the Catholic Church on education since the late 1920s up to 2013. This is done in order to provide a comprehensive map of the Church‘s educational thought development, and thus facilitate a theoretical and practical discussion on possible ways of further development of the concept. Nine documents used in this analysis were retrieved from the public online database of the Congregation for Catholic Education. The documents in this study are treated as symbolic representations and social facts that make direct or indirect impact on the development of the concept of Christian education, and therefore are significant objects of the analysis. To better elucidate the development of the educational thought, the method of thematic analysis is applied for the content research of the document. Analysis revealed that anhropological shift in Churches‘ thought during the Second Vatican council had effected Churches’ educational thought, but this change was rather evolutionary-incremental than revolutionary-straight-forward.
Self-Assessment of the Professional Competence of Preschool Teaching Student
Authors: Kaļķe Baiba , Baranova Sanita , Āboltiņa Līga
Published: November 2022

One of the objectives of the European Higher Education Area is to promote the development of competences, with an emphasis on those competences that people need to maintain their current quality of life and high level of employability in the face of a changing society and labor market. This study analyzed the self-assessment of student preschool teachers’ professional competence, using a tool (survey) for assessing teachers’ professional competence. A structure of preschool teachers’ professional competence was analyzed. The results indicate that the developed survey can be used as a tool for the self-assessment of teachers’ professional competence. The most highly evaluated sub-competences were general tasks of ensuring professional activity; implementation of learning process; and improvement of professional competence. The data analysis revealed that the question “Is the work related to the field of study?” with the statements included in the survey sections “Implementation of the learning process” and “Improvement of professional competence” is an important indicator in the self-assessment of professional competence among student preschool teachers for the material situation.