bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Reinforcement Ratio and Particle Size on the Physical and Mechanical Performance of Epoxy Matrix Panels and Waste Wood from Iroko Chlorophora excelsa from Cameroon
Authors: Takoumbe Claude , Zobo Mfomo Joseph , Biwole Achille Bernard , Mbou Tiaya Elvis , Mono Jean Aimé , Pokem Nguimjeu Prince Hermann , Biwole Linus Ntsotsa
Published: April 2024

The use of local materials developed from natural reinforcements remains a major challenge for many researchers in the development of the industry and the fight against pollution. The wood industry generates large quantities of environmental waste, including Iroko wood. To give Iroko a second life, this study uses Iroko sawdust waste to make an epoxy matrix composite material. The composite was produced using a cold pressing technique based on moving the top and bottom plates to a thickness of 10 mm. On this basis, three particle sizes [t < 0.35[, [0.35–0.63[, and [0.63–1[ were used, as well as three reinforcement (R)/matrix (M) percentages of 50R/50M, 60R/40M, and 70R/30M, where R is the reinforcement percentage and M is the matrix percentage. The physical tests, apparent and real density, porosity, moisture content, water absorption rate, absorption and desorption kinetics, diffusion theory, and activation energy were determined by the gravimetric method. A three-point bending test was carried out in accordance with the ASTM D790 for mechanical tests. The results show that the addition of Iroko particles lightens the material by reducing its density. The hydrophilic nature of Iroko particles increases the absorption rate and porosity, with good diffusion capacity as the particle size and percentage increase. The material produced can be light and porous, with possible applications in thermal insulation. In terms of kinetics, Verma et al.’s model best correlates the experimental desorption points for the 3 isotherms, while Page’s model best correlates the water absorption points. The mechanical results show that Young’s modulus and stress at break decrease with an increase in the reinforcement percentage and particle size. The mechanical results can be used to define the material’s applications in construction and furniture. In accordance with the EN312 standard, the composites produced can be classified as type 2 lightweight materials, suitable for use in dry and damp areas.
Exploring Novel Therapeutic Avenues for Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Dietrich Jorg , Parsons Michael W. , Santarnecchi Emiliano
Published: April 2024

Many patients with cancer are at risk of developing cognitive symptoms that often become evident during or after cancer-directed therapy and may have difficulties with attention, concentration, multitasking, executive function, and memory. Despite recent advances in identifying potential molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, there is generally a lack of effective treatment strategies, and the development of novel therapeutic interventions represents a major unmet medical need in clinical practice. A recent study by Kim and colleagues suggests that multisensory 40-Hz gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli with combined visual and auditory stimuli is associated with powerful neuroprotective effects in mouse models of cisplatin- or methotrexate-induced “chemobrain.” Although the study has some limitations and successful interventions in animal models have often failed to translate into clinical practice, this noninvasive treatment modality has shown promise in preserving brain structure and function and could be tested in patients with cancer who are at risk of cognitive decline.
Figure S5 from Epithelial Expressed B7-H4 Drives Differential Immunotherapy Response in Murine and Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Wescott Elizabeth C. , Sun Xiaopeng , Gonzalez-Ericsson Paula , Hanna Ann , Taylor Brandie C. , Sanchez Violeta , Bronzini Juliana , Opalenik Susan R. , Sanders Melinda E. , Wulfkuhle Julia , Gallagher Rosa I. , Gomez Henry , Isaacs Claudine , Bharti Vijaya , Wilson John T. , Ballinger Tarah J. , Santa-Maria Cesar A. , Shah Payal D. , Dees Elizabeth C. , Lehmann Brian D. , Abramson Vandana G. , Hirst Gillian L. , Brown Swigart Lamorna , van ˈt Veer Laura J. , Esserman Laura J. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Pietenpol Jennifer A. , Balko Justin M.
Published: April 2024

Supplemental Figure 5. CD45+ gene expression changes from early and later tumor stage between EMT6 control and B7-H4+ tumors. (A) CD45+ cells were isolated from EMT6 control or B7-H4+ tumors 7 days post treatment with isotype control antibody. Differentially expressed genes are shown. n = 6 mice per group. (B) Macrophage function was upregulated in B7-H4+ tumors, but minimal other differences were seen. (C) Differentially expressed genes between control and B7-H4+ tumors at a later stage. n = 12 mice per group. CD45+ cells were harvested when tumors reached 500mm3. (D) Macrophage function remains elevated in B7-H4+ tumors, but minimal differences were detected. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Genes with log2 fold change >0.5 or <-0.5 and p-value <0.01 were regarded as significant.
FIGURE 5 from Epithelial Expressed B7-H4 Drives Differential Immunotherapy Response in Murine and Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Wescott Elizabeth C. , Sun Xiaopeng , Gonzalez-Ericsson Paula , Hanna Ann , Taylor Brandie C. , Sanchez Violeta , Bronzini Juliana , Opalenik Susan R. , Sanders Melinda E. , Wulfkuhle Julia , Gallagher Rosa I. , Gomez Henry , Isaacs Claudine , Bharti Vijaya , Wilson John T. , Ballinger Tarah J. , Santa-Maria Cesar A. , Shah Payal D. , Dees Elizabeth C. , Lehmann Brian D. , Abramson Vandana G. , Hirst Gillian L. , Brown Swigart Lamorna , van ˈt Veer Laura J. , Esserman Laura J. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Pietenpol Jennifer A. , Balko Justin M.
Published: April 2024

Anti-PD-L1 did not induce a proinflammatory immune response in B7-H4+ tumors. CD45+ cells were sorted from EMT6 tumors ± B7-H4 and subjected to NanoString gene expression analysis using the Mouse Pan-Cancer Immune Panel. A, Differentially expressed genes from CD45+ sorted cells from EMT6 control tumors when treated with anti-PD-L1 or isotype control and harvested 7 days after treatment. B, Changes in immune gene sets between isotype and anti-PD-L1–treated tumors. C, Differentially expressed genes from CD45+ sorted cells from EMT6-B7-H4+ tumors when treated with anti-PD-L1 or isotype control and harvested 7 days after treatment. D, Changes in immune gene sets between treatment groups of EMT6-B7-H4+ tumors. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Genes with log2 fold change >0.5 or <−0.5 and P-value <0.01 were regarded as significant. n = 6 mice per group for all groups.
Stat3 Regulates Developmental Hematopoiesis and Impacts Myeloid Cell Function via Canonical and Non-Canonical Modalities
Authors: Sobah Mohamed Luban , Liongue Clifford , Ward Alister C.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is extensively involved in the development, homeostasis, and function of immune cells, with STAT3 disruption associated with human immune-related disorders. The roles ascribed to STAT3 have been assumed to be due to its canonical mode of action as an inducible transcription factor downstream of multiple cytokines, although alternative noncanonical functional modalities have also been identified. The relative involvement of each mode was further explored in relevant zebrafish models. Methods: Genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate mutants of the conserved zebrafish Stat3 protein: a loss of function knockout (KO) mutant and a mutant lacking C-terminal sequences including the transactivation domain (ΔTAD). Lines harboring these mutations were analyzed with respect to blood and immune cell development and function in comparison to wild-type zebrafish. Results: The Stat3 KO mutant showed perturbation of hematopoietic lineages throughout primitive and early definitive hematopoiesis. Neutrophil numbers did not increase in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and their migration was significantly diminished, the latter correlating with abrogation of the Cxcl8b/Cxcr2 pathway, with macrophage responses perturbed. Intriguingly, many of these phenotypes were not shared by the Stat3 ΔTAD mutant. Indeed, only neutrophil and macrophage development were disrupted in these mutants with responsiveness to LPS and G-CSF maintained, and neutrophil migration actually increased. Conclusion: This study has identified roles for zebrafish Stat3 within hematopoietic stem cells impacting multiple lineages throughout primitive and early definitive hematopoiesis, myeloid cell responses to G-CSF and LPS and neutrophil migration. Many of these roles showed conservation, but notably several involved noncanonical modalities, providing additional insights for relevant diseases.
Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues for Central Precocious Puberty, Including 45-Mg 6-Month Subcutaneous Leuprolide Acetate: Use for Treatment and Treatment Monitoring
Authors: Silverman Lawrence A. , Geffner Mitchell E. , Benson Matthew
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Studies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (intramuscular [IM] leuprolide acetate [LA] and triptorelin) for treatment monitoring of central precocious puberty (CPP) demonstrate this approach is effective for confirming pubertal hormone suppression. Herein, we provide new data using subcutaneous LA (SC LA), suggesting similar efficacy for treatment monitoring. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL were searched for studies of GnRHa used to monitor treatment of CPP. The titles and the abstracts were reviewed; 5 studies were selected. Additionally, new unpublished data for SC LA from the original phase 3 trial (primary data published by Klein et al.) were evaluated. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and leuprolide levels at screening, 1, 4, and 6 h after the first dose SC LA were analyzed and plotted. Results: Data from 162 children (155 girls) were evaluated. SC and IM LA produced overlapping median LH concentration curves and peak LH concentrations after the first dose. For IM LA, subsequent doses yielded suppressed peak LH levels (2.7 IU/L [mean]). For SC LA, subsequent doses also resulted in significant suppressed peak LH levels (0.2 ± 0.02 IU/L) and achieved sex-steroid hormone suppression of >98%. Conclusions: Compared to IM LA and triptorelin, long-acting SC LA shows similar burst kinetics and rapid LH rise after the first dose, followed by similar suppression of LH and sex steroids after subsequent doses. Since IM LA and triptorelin have demonstrated usefulness that is comparable to that of traditional GnRH stimulation testing for monitoring CPP, we presume that SC LA may be similarly employed.
Food for Thought: The Effects of Feeding on Neurogenesis in the Ball Python, Python regius
Authors: Bow Hannah , Dang Christina , Hillsbery Katherine , Markowski Carly , Black Michael , Strand Christine
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Pythons are a well-studied model of postprandial physiological plasticity. Consuming a meal evokes a suite of physiological changes in pythons including one of the largest documented increases in post-feeding metabolic rates relative to resting values. However, little is known about how this plasticity manifests in the brain. Previous work has shown that cell proliferation in the python brain increases 6 days following meal consumption. This study aimed to confirm these findings and build on them in the long term by tracking the survival and maturation of these newly created cells across a 2-month period. Methods: We investigated differences in neural cell proliferation in ball pythons 6 days after a meal with immunofluorescence using the cell-birth marker 5-bromo-12′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). We investigated differences in neural cell maturation in ball pythons 2 months after a meal using double immunofluorescence for BrdU and a reptilian ortholog of the neuronal marker Fox3. Results: We did not find significantly greater rates of cell proliferation in snakes 6 days after feeding, but we did observe more new cells in neurogenic regions in fed snakes 2 months after the meal. Feeding was not associated with higher rates of neurogenesis, but snakes that received a meal had higher numbers of newly created nonneuronal cells than fasted controls. We documented particularly high cell survival rates in the olfactory bulbs and lateral cortex. Conclusion: Consuming a meal stimulates cell proliferation in the brains of ball pythons after digestion is complete, although this effect emerged at a later time point in this study than expected. Higher rates of proliferation partially account for greater numbers of newly created non-neuronal cells in the brains of fed snakes 2 months after the meal, but our results also suggest that feeding may have a mild neuroprotective effect. We captured a slight trend toward higher cell survival rates in fed snakes, and survival rates were particularly high in brain regions associated with olfactory perception and processing. These findings shed light on the relationship between energy balance and the creation of new neural cells in the brains of ball pythons.
Rates of growth in Kerodon rupestris and an assessment of its potential as a domesticated food source
Authors: Lacher Júnior Thomas E.
Published: April 2024

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Observation on Cyranotermes Araújo, with a description of C. Caete, new species. (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)
Authors: Cancello Eliana Marques
Published: April 2024

Cyranotermes caete, sp.n. was collected in rain forest habitat in Serra dos Carajás, Brazil. Drawings are presented of the soldie’rs head and of the worker's mandibles, as well as data on C. timuassu Araújo, with drawings of the nest.
Three new species of Munida (Crustacea: Anomura: Galatheidae) from the brazilian coast
Authors: Melo-Filho Gustavo Augusto S. de , Melo Gustavo Augusto S. de
Published: April 2024

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Impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms in uterine cervical cancer: a brazilian retrospective study
Authors: Porto Larissa Ramos , Costa Vitória Donadoni , Bandeira Lidiane Gomes , Barroso Eduardha Santos Temponi , Diniz Paulo Henrique Costa
Published: April 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has represented a crisis in healthcare systems. The impact of its effects on the diagnosis and treatment of incident malignancies, such as cervical cancer, can be evidenced in metrics. Materials and methods: In this cohort, we carried out a retrospective and quantitative comparative analysis of time series, between 2014 and 2022, with the total data of diagnoses and hysterectomies performed for the treatment of malignant cervical neoplasms, through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: From 2014 to 2022, Brazil recorded 173,300 cases of malignant cervical neoplasms. Increasing trends in the number of annual diagnoses were examined, with a decrease in the pattern between 2019 and 2020, coinciding with the pandemic period. Similarly, the total number of hysterectomies, the main treatment for cervical cancer, was affected. Between 2014 and 2019, an average of 53,652 surgeries were performed annually. However, in 2020 it fell to 30,698 (40.2%) interventions compared to 2019. Conclusion: In the period from 2019 to 2020, there were substantial reductions in the number of procedures coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the data suggest a delay in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cervical neoplasms, impacting relevant clinical outcomes and overall survival.
Diagnóstico de Neuropatia hereditária com paralisia sensível à pressão na ausência de história familiar: Relato de caso
Authors: Souza Victorya Gomes de , Rocha Alice Hueb Castanheira , Quintanilha Isabella de Paula , Queiroz André Luiz Guimarães de
Published: April 2024

A Neuropatia hereditária com paralisia sensível à pressão (HNPP) é uma condição autossômica dominante que se apresenta mais comumente com uma mononeuropatia de início agudo, sensitivo-motora, focal e não dolorosa. Aproximadamente 80% dos pacientes possuem uma deleção de 1,5 Mb no cromossomo 17p11.2, envolvendo o gene da proteína periférica da mielina 22 (PMP22). Em apenas uma pequena proporção de pacientes a doença é causada por mutações de novo no gene PMP22. Relatamos o caso de um paciente adulto, sem história familiar, apresentando por 1 ano sintomas de mononeuropatias recorrentes em membros superiores com diagnóstico inicial de tendossinovite. Após investigação com estudo eletroneuromiográfico e ultrassonografia, diagnóstico de HNPP confirmado por teste genético. Paciente então orientado a medidas comportamentais e reabilitação. A HNPP até o momento não possui tratamento curativo, sendo o alívio dos sintomas a principal terapia aplicada.
Elaboração de instrumento para averiguar o desempenho ocupacional de criança e adolescente cardiopata na atenção terciária
Authors: Horta Maria Regina Mascarenhas , Campos Raphael Aguiar Leal , Estorque Amanda Ventorine , Correia Marcelo Goulart , Pelosi Miryam Bonadiu , Rodrigues Junior Luiz Fernando , Issa Aurora Felice Castro , Vaz Lisete Ribeiro , Guimarães Tereza Cristina Felippe
Published: April 2024

Advancements in medicine and surgery have increased the survival of pediatric patients with heart disease, with evidence of neurobehavioral sequelae. Objective: This study aimed to develop an instrument to investigate the occupational performance of children and adolescents with heart disease in tertiary care. Method: This quantitative methodological study for data treatment and analysis was conducted in two phases: instrument development and content validation. This study included an integrative review and semantic and content analyses. The instrument used had three versions: infant, preschool/school, and adolescent. The Delphi technique was used in semantic analysis by consensus of two groups of evaluators and in content analysis by consensus of seven experts. Results/final considerations: The integrative review included 1,765 articles, with 24 articles selected after title and abstract reading and 12 articles included after full reading. The semantic and content analyses were divided into two and four rounds, respectively. Once the occupational performance instrument was verified, future steps must be taken to confirm its reliability and validity. In conclusion, occupational therapy has gained increasing interest in pediatric cardiology.
Contribution of VEGF-B-Induced Endocardial Endothelial Cell Lineage in Physiological Versus Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Sultan Ibrahim , Ramste Markus , Peletier Pim , Hemanthakumar Karthik Amudhala , Ramanujam Deepak , Tirronen Annakaisa , von Wright Ylva , Antila Salli , Saharinen Pipsa , Eklund Lauri , Mervaala Eero , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Engelhardt Stefan , Kivelä Riikka , Alitalo Kari
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Preclinical studies have shown the therapeutic potential of VEGF-B (vascular endothelial growth factor B) in revascularization of the ischemic myocardium, but the associated cardiac hypertrophy and adverse side effects remain a concern. To understand the importance of endothelial proliferation and migration for the beneficial versus adverse effects of VEGF-B in the heart, we explored the cardiac effects of autocrine versus paracrine VEGF-B expression in transgenic and gene-transduced mice.

METHODS:

We used single-cell RNA sequencing to compare cardiac endothelial gene expression in VEGF-B transgenic mouse models. Lineage tracing was used to identify the origin of a VEGF-B-induced novel endothelial cell population and adeno-associated virus–mediated gene delivery to compare the effects of VEGF-B isoforms. Cardiac function was investigated using echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-computed tomography.

RESULTS:

Unlike in physiological cardiac hypertrophy driven by a cardiomyocyte-specific VEGF-B transgene (myosin heavy chain alpha-VEGF-B), autocrine VEGF-B expression in cardiac endothelium (aP2 [adipocyte protein 2]-VEGF-B) was associated with septal defects and failure to increase perfused subendocardial capillaries postnatally. Paracrine VEGF-B led to robust proliferation and myocardial migration of a novel cardiac endothelial cell lineage (VEGF-B-induced endothelial cells) of endocardial origin, whereas autocrine VEGF-B increased proliferation of VEGF-B-induced endothelial cells but failed to promote their migration and efficient contribution to myocardial capillaries. The surviving aP2-VEGF-B offspring showed an altered ratio of secreted VEGF-B isoforms and developed massive pathological cardiac hypertrophy with a distinct cardiac vessel pattern. In the normal heart, we found a small VEGF-B-induced endothelial cell population that was only minimally expanded during myocardial infarction but not during physiological cardiac hypertrophy associated with mouse pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Paracrine and autocrine secretions of VEGF-B induce expansion of a specific endocardium-derived endothelial cell population with distinct angiogenic markers. However, autocrine VEGF-B signaling fails to promote VEGF-B-induced endothelial cell migration and contribution to myocardial capillaries, predisposing to septal defects and inducing a mismatch between angiogenesis and myocardial growth, which results in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Rupture of a Previously Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm 6 Years After Treatment With the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) Device: Case Report
Authors: Drofa Alexander , Kouznetsov Evgueni
Published: April 2024

Background

Introduced to the clinical field in 2011, the Woven EndoBridge (Sequent Medical) device is recognized as a significant innovation for managing wide‐neck bifurcation aneurysms. Delayed aneurysm ruptures, typically occurring hours to months after Woven EndoBridge placement, have been reported.

Methods

We present a case of a previously unruptured, known residual aneurysm that ruptured 6 years after treatment with a Woven EndoBridge device. This case underscores the fact that intrasaccular flow diversion, without achieving aneurysm occlusion, does not prevent aneurysm rupture.

Conclusion

Consequently, aneurysm retreatment to attain complete occlusion is imperative.
Sparse Firing in a Hybrid Central Pattern Generator for Spinal Motor Circuits
Authors: Strohmer Beck , Najarro Elias , Ausborn Jessica , Berg Rune W. , Tolu Silvia
Published: April 2024

Central pattern generators are circuits generating rhythmic movements, such as walking. The majority of existing computational models of these circuits produce antagonistic output where all neurons within a population spike with a broad burst at about the same neuronal phase with respect to network output. However, experimental recordings reveal that many neurons within these circuits fire sparsely, sometimes as rarely as once within a cycle. Here we address the sparse neuronal firing and develop a model to replicate the behavior of individual neurons within rhythm-generating populations to increase biological plausibility and facilitate new insights into the underlying mechanisms of rhythm generation. The developed network architecture is able to produce sparse firing of individual neurons, creating a novel implementation for exploring the contribution of network architecture on rhythmic output. Furthermore, the introduction of sparse firing of individual neurons within the rhythm-generating circuits is one of the factors that allows for a broad neuronal phase representation of firing at the population level. This moves the model toward recent experimental findings of evenly distributed neuronal firing across phases among individual spinal neurons. The network is tested by methodically iterating select parameters to gain an understanding of how connectivity and the interplay of excitation and inhibition influence the output. This knowledge can be applied in future studies to implement a biologically plausible rhythm-generating circuit for testing biological hypotheses.
Wood utilized for wooden components in ancient buildings of Tingbao Yang’s former residence
Authors: Yang Yan , Ji Haidi , Li Bin , Chen Lianlong , Song Xiaohan , Zhao Jing
Published: April 2024

A comprehensive analysis was conducted using optical microscopy based on wood anatomy to enhance the preservation of wooden components in Tingbao Yang’s former residence. This study identified wood samples, and statistical examination of wood species, variations in their configuration, physical and mechanical properties, and natural durability were examined. The principles for wood species selection were assessed. Findings indicate that Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pseudotsuga spp., Populus spp. and Ulmus spp. are the primary choices for these wooden components. However, certain portions incorporate Larix sect. Multiseriales, Picea brachytyla, Pinus bungeana, Pinus massoniana, Castanea sp. and Quercus subg. Lepidabalanus, sect. Prinus. Pseudotsuga spp., C. lanceolata, Ulmus spp. and Populus spp. are primarily utilized for wooden columns and melon columns. However, C. lanceolata, Ulmus spp. and Populus spp. possess inadequate parallel grain compressive strength for load-bearing compression wooden components. C. lanceolata and Ulmus spp. are widely utilized in beams, lintels, purlins, and rafters owing to their exceptional bending strength. It was noted that Castanea sp. and Quercus subg. Lepidabalanus, sect. Prinus wood varieties demonstrate superior resistance to rotting and insects compared with other types of wood. The selection of wood species for the ancient buildings of Tingbao Yang’s former residence relies on crucial principles, such as the suitability of wood properties and local selection. This selection process involves analyzing the wood properties, assessing the natural durability of wooden components, and considering the distribution of forest resources in Henan Province.
Taiwan’s Regional Identity under the New Southbound Policy
Authors: Effendi Tonny Dian
Published: April 2024

Discussion of Taiwan’s identity usually focuses more on its domestic identity in terms of a dichotomy between Chinese and Taiwanese identity than its regional identity. But the New Southbound Policy provides space to discuss Taiwan’s regional identity due to its emphasis on Taiwan’s relations with its southern neighbours. Adopting a constructivist perspective of International Relations, this article explores the construction of Taiwan’s regional identity and the influence of Taiwan–Southeast Asia relations. I point out two key findings: (1) Taiwan’s changing perception of Southeast Asia is critical for the construction of Taiwan’s regional identity, including this region as a ‘significant other’ for Taiwan’s role identity; and (2) Taiwan’s regional identity under the New Southbound Policy integrates both personal and role identities, and covers both domestic and regional dimensions.
Tea and Coffee Discoloration in the Simulated Remineralization Process of Tooth Structure: Investigating the Influence of In-Office Bleaching Material on Arrested Stains
Authors: AlKhalifah Arwa Abdullah , Radwan Waseem W.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an in-office dental bleaching agent (with 40% H2O2) on the simulated stained remineralized lesions of teeth using tea and coffee as staining solutions. Forty-eight sound premolar teeth were selected, root amputated,
and embedded in a self-curing acrylic resin. Half of the samples were immersed in a tea solution and the remaining half were immersed in a coffee solution for 4 days (n = 24). From each study group, half of the samples went through the bleaching process, and the remaining half served
as a control. The color change was observed with a paired t-test and two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). The ANOVA findings observed a significant effect on the ΔΕ value (p =< .001) due to independent factors. Additionally, individual stages, i.e., time
points such as baseline, demineralization, staining, re-mineralization, and bleaching had a significant effect on ΔΕ value (p =<.001). The t-test results observed significant variations between ΔΕ values of bleached and not bleached groups
after the staining and remineralization process, irrespective of the staining solution used. It’s crucial to abstain from coffee and tea during and shortly after bleaching until thorough remineralization therapy is completed.
MS-GWaM: A Three-Dimensional Transient Gravity Wave Parametrization for Atmospheric Models
Authors: Voelker Georg S. , Bölöni Gergely , Kim Young-Ha , Zängl Günther , Achatz Ulrich
Published: April 2024

Parameterizations for internal gravity waves in atmospheric models are traditionally subject to a number of simplifications. Most notably, they rely on both neglecting wave propagation and advection in the horizontal direction (single-column assumption) and an instantaneous balance in the vertical direction (steady-state assumption). While these simplifications are well justified to cover some essential dynamic effects and keep the computational effort small, it has been shown that both mechanisms are potentially significant. In particular, the recently introduced Multiscale Gravity Wave Model (MS-GWaM) successfully applied ray-tracing methods in a novel type of transient but columnar internal gravity wave parameterization (MS-GWaM-1D). We extend this concept to a three-dimensional version of the parameterization (MS-GWaM-3D) to simulate subgrid-scale nonorographic internal gravity waves. The resulting global wave model—implemented into the weather forecast and climate code Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON)—contains three-dimensional transient propagation with accurate flux calculations, a latitude-dependent background source, and convectively generated waves. MS-GWaM-3D helps reproduce expected temperature and wind patterns in the mesopause region in the climatological zonal mean state and thus proves a viable internal gravity wave (IGW) parameterization. Analyzing the global wave action budget, we find that horizontal wave propagation is as important as vertical wave propagation. The corresponding wave refraction includes previously missing but well-known effects such as wave refraction into the polar jet streams. On a global scale, three-dimensional wave refraction leads to a horizontal flow-dependent redistribution of waves such that the structures of the zonal mean wave drag and consequently the zonal mean winds are modified.
An Analysis of K–12 Climate Change Science Standards in the United States
Authors: Beaver Breanna C. , Navy Shannon L. , Heisler Jennifer L.
Published: April 2024

To produce a climate-literate society willing to take action, students must be educated on the causes, changes, impacts, and solutions of climate change. One way to ensure students are educated on climate change is to have robust science standards. However, little is known about the collective climate change standards in the United States. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of the U.S. K–12 science standards to uncover where the climate change standards are located in different grade levels and the extent to which the collective U.S. curriculum covers topics of climate change. This study was a qualitative content analysis of the U.S. K–12 climate change standards. The results show that most U.S. climate change standards are found within the high school grade levels and Earth and space science domains. All U.S. states address topics of climate change within their standards; however, general mentions of climate change were cited most often. Finally, the majority of states address both natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change. Implications for policymakers and educators are included.
Indian Ocean Internationalisms: The Sri Lankan Pursuit of Peace, 1971–89
Authors: Kandasamy Niro
Published: April 2024

In 1971 the Sri Lankan Prime Minister tabled the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace at the 26th United Nations General Assembly, marking the state's international debut at the global stage. This article analyses the trajectory of this highly significant initiative in the context of rapidly evolving political instabilities within Sri Lanka and across the Indian Ocean region. It argues that Sri Lanka's pursuit of peace during the 1970s and 1980s stemmed from multiple threats to its sovereignty combined with the state's desire to develop strategic allies and the material donations that flowed from those relations. The pursuit saw Sri Lanka align with India, the USA, the Soviet Union, and Britain at moments of political deterioration. These alignments enabled the Sri Lankan government to seek material supports to address breakdowns of political relations with the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna in the south and Tamils in the north and east. The article argues that the Sri Lankan pursuit of peace irrevocably transformed Indian Ocean internationalisms and shows how a small state aligned to suit its political needs. The pursuit also linked Sri Lanka's Indian Ocean peace efforts to a liberal order in problematic ways and strengthened international backing for violence against its citizens.
Either Autonomy Support or Enhanced Expectancies Delivered Via Virtual-Reality Benefits Frontal-Plane Single-Leg Squatting Kinematics
Authors: Hogg Jennifer A. , Wilkerson Gary B. , Acocello Shellie N. , Schlink Bryan R. , Liang Yu , Wu Dalei , Myer Gregory D. , Diekfuss Jed A.
Published: April 2024

Our purpose in this study was to determine the effects of a virtual reality intervention delivering specific motivational motor learning manipulations of either autonomy support (AS) or enhanced expectancies (EE) on frontal plane single-leg squatting kinematics. We allocated 45 participants (21 male, 24 female) demonstrating knee, hip, and trunk frontal plane mechanics associated with elevated anterior cruciate ligament injury risk to one of three groups (control, AS, or EE). Participants mimicked an avatar performing five sets of eight repetitions of exemplary single-leg squats. AS participants were given the added option of choosing the color of their avatar. EE participants received real-time biofeedback in the form of green highlights on the avatar that remained on as long as the participant maintained pre-determined ‘safe’ frontal plane mechanics. We measured peak frontal plane knee, hip, and trunk angles before (baseline) and immediately following (post) the intervention. The control group demonstrated greater increases in knee abduction angle (Δ = +2.3°) than did the AS (Δ = +0.1°) and EE groups (Δ = −0.4°) ( p = .003; η2p = .28). All groups demonstrated increased peak hip adduction ( p = .01, ηp2 = .18) (control Δ = +1.5°; AS Δ = +3.2°; EE Δ = +0.7°). Hip adduction worsened in all groups. AS and EE motivation strategies appeared to mitigate maladaptive frontal plane knee mechanics.
Composite quadratic Lyapunov function event-triggered control of vertical take-off and landing aircraft systems with actuator saturation
Authors: Lu Yang , Pang Guochen , Liu Yang , Zhang Ancai , Qiu Jianlong , Cao Jinde
Published: April 2024

This paper deals with the problem of event-triggered control (ETC) for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft systems under actuator saturation. By introducing the VTOL system with saturated actuators, a composite quadratic Lyapunov function (CQLF) approach is first proposed to describe the problem of the event triggering mechanism. The proposed transfer mechanism not only further saves communication resources, but also further suppresses the conservatism of the attraction domain estimation. Then, sufficient conditions are established via linear matrix inequality (LMI) by incorporating new event triggering mechanism condition and prescribed passive performance metrics under the closed-loop system that is asymptotically stable and strictly passive, respectively. Finally, the method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the number of triggers and expand the domain of attraction. The validity and feasibility of the obtained results are demonstrated by two example simulations.
Buttery Smooth: Privacy’s Bundling with Attention in Web Browser Performance
Authors: Polan Lake
Published: April 2024

Long considered an object of the law, Americans increasingly encounter privacy via the operations and settings of networked technologies. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with privacy engineers and their corporate colleagues, this paper examines how privacy’s manifestation in web technologies opens it to pragmatic linkages with new sensuous qualities and interpretive possibilities. The paper’s primary object is Project Quantum, a company-wide effort initiated by the Mozilla Corporation in 2016 to build a new engine for its Firefox web browser, thus radically improving Firefox’s “performance.” I show that animating Project Quantum was an ideal of smooth, snappy performance that Firefox engineers understood to be keyed to the demands of user attention and attempted to establish for users as meaningful signs of Mozilla’s engineering prowess and paternalistic care. Drawing on the study of “qualia”—phenomenal experiences of abstract qualities—I identify performance engineering as a key site of privacy’s semiotic bundling with attention, through which privacy’s practically available forms are taking on idealized qualities of speed and smoothness. Attending to privacy’s qualia, I propose, provides methodological access to the institutional and global value systems reconfiguring privacy’s political capacities as it becomes an object of technological stewardship and intervention.
Programme de soins psychiatriques : Etude de l’expérience de jeunes patients par une méthode qualitative: Psychiatric care program: A qualitative study of the experience of young patients
Authors: Jiguet Sarah , Michel Thibault , Capdevielle Delphine
Published: April 2024

Résumé

Objectif

Les dispositifs de soins ambulatoires sans consentement sont largement utilisés, mais ils sont controversés et leur efficacité n’est pas prouvée à ce jour. L’expérience des patients concernés reste très peu étudiée en France, et notamment celui des jeunes patients, or leur adhésion aux soins en début de maladie est complexe et a un impact sur le pronostic futur. L’objectif est d’étudier l’expérience de jeunes patients suivis en programme de soins (PDS) afin de proposer des perspectives pour optimiser leur prise en charge et d’enrichir la réflexion sur l’utilisation des PDS.

Méthode

Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de 11 patients de 20 à 32 ans suivis en PDS ou l’ayant été dans les 5 dernières années, puis une analyse phénoménologique de type sémio-pragmatique a été réalisée sur les verbatims obtenus.

Résultats

(1) L’expérience de la contrainte en ambulatoire est contrastée avec un vécu de privation de libertés et d’intrusion, mais aussi de soutien et de protection. (2) Le PDS est représenté comme un cadre permettant l’évolution de la conscience des troubles et de l’acceptation des soins. (3) Les patients rapportent un manque d’information sur les modalités de soins sous contrainte, pouvant aller jusqu’à la méconnaissance de l’existence de cette mesure. Les interactions patient-psychiatre au sein du PDS sont complexifiées par la contrainte mais restent perçues comme une relation de soin. (4) Ils rapportent des contraintes dans la vie quotidienne liées au PDS et qui peuvent compliquer l’insertion professionnelle.

Conclusion

Les résultats soutiennent l’importance de soigner la relation thérapeutique au sein du PDS et d’impliquer davantage le patient dans sa prise en charge, en commençant par une meilleure information. Ils soutiennent une utilisation du PDS comme un outil temporaire à associer à un travail sur l’adhésion aux soins et à un accompagnement à la réinsertion sociale et professionnelle.

Spécialité

Psychiatrie
Improved time-variable transformer-based fault diagnosis method for satellite attitude control system
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Sida , Gao Sheng , Wang Zhaoguang , Cheng Qinkun
Published: April 2024

This study proposes a fault diagnosis method based on a time-variable transformer network for satellite attitude control system telemetry data, which has the properties of a time series and strong multivariate correlation. First, a time-attention module was utilised to determine the correlation between the data at a specific time and before that time to effectively identify the dynamic properties of the data. A variable attention module is introduced to capture the degree of correlation between various variables to achieve multivariate decoupling. Then, the interactive attention layer combines the dynamic properties of the data with the correlations between the variables to achieve dynamic data decorrelation. Finally, a linear layer is used to implement the fault diagnosis.
Landmarks in the history of neurosyphilis: the neglected observations of Vincenzo Chiarugi
Authors: Di Francesco Daniel
Published: April 2024

After the emergence of syphilis in Europe in 1495, it would take over 400 years to unpick the full course of the infection, including the involvement of the brain and spinal cord. This syndrome of mental and physical deterioration was called ‘general paralysis of the insane’ (GPI). Traditionally, the earliest clear description of GPI is attributed to Haslam in 1798. However, here I describe three clear cases and three highly suggestive cases, together with autopsy findings, published in 1794 by the Italian psychiatrist Vincenzo Chiarugi. Historically, Chiarugi’s scholarship has been neglected in favour of English- and French-speaking physicians. His observations also give a rare clue regarding the prevalence of syphilis, suggesting a foothold in northern Italy in the late eighteenth century.
Introduction: Laboratory times
Authors: Hussey Kristin D , Douglas-Jones Rachel
Published: April 2024

In this introduction to the Special Section ‘Laboratory Times', the editors argue that a focused body of scholarship at the intersection of time and the laboratory has yet to materialize. To contextualize the papers that comprise the Special Section, we survey the role of the lab within time studies, as well as the place of temporality within Science and Technology Studies (STS). We show how time is made to structure and shape scientific practice and how scientists work with and create time to suit the frames and needs of experimentation. While one might expect to find as many forms of scientific time as there are branches of science, the specific temporalities of bench science have been largely overlooked by scholars. We introduce the arguments of the papers in this Special Section - observing their shared interest in the ways that time is materialized, negotiated and produced in laboratory settings. We conclude by imagining a future in which a research trajectory focused on ‘Laboratory TImes’ brings scholars in time studies and STS further into conversation.
Psychiatrists can save lives with naloxone
Authors: Branchflower Antigone , Lundin Robert M , Harvey Craig , Hill Harry
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Naloxone is an effective medication used to reverse opioid overdoses. Distributing naloxone directly to those at risk, therefore, reduces the risk of opioid-related deaths. New legislation in Australia means a prescription is no longer required to access naloxone. Whilst acknowledging the benefits of increased access, we aim to evaluate the impact psychiatrists can have on naloxone provision due to their unique position as doctors often working with those who may be at risk.

Methods

Data was recorded on those accessing naloxone from a co-located addiction and mental health service. Descriptive statistics were generated to establish the cohort characteristics, prior knowledge of naloxone and outcome of previously supplied naloxone.

Results

Naloxone was dispensed 488 times from 2021 to 2023. 267 people had previously been prescribed naloxone from these sites where 137 (51.3%) were reportedly used in an opioid reversal.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance of community access to naloxone in reducing opioid-related harm. Whilst removing the need for a prescription makes naloxone more accessible, it remains vital that doctors remain involved in this process to broaden the reach of supply to those at risk.
Male Victims of Sexual Violence and Factors Associated With Reporting to Law Enforcement in the United States
Authors: Walfield Scott M. , McCormack P. D. , Clarke K.
Published: April 2024

Of the violent crimes, sexual assault remains the least likely to be reported to law enforcement across various countries, particularly for male victims. Addressing this gap in the literature, this study uses National Crime Victimization Survey data from 1992 to 2020 to examine the relationship between victim, offender, and situational characteristics to the reporting of rape for male victims by both male and female offenders. Of the 330 male victims, only one in six (16%) reported it to law enforcement. In the multivariate model, men were less likely to report the incident when the offender was a woman or a juvenile, the victim was college educated and lived in a rural area, and when the incident was a completed rape and occurred at night-time. Older victims are more likely to report, and when a weapon is used or there are injuries. Implications for efforts to increase reporting among victims of male sexual violence are discussed.
Choice, marketing and subjectivities: A discursive-semiotic analysis of six Montessori websites
Authors: Bertotti Valentina
Published: April 2024

In Australia, the term ‘preschool’ generally refers to settings that cater for the education of children in the year before compulsory schooling, hence making it a pivotal site for neoliberal discourses that seek to frame preschoolers as requiring ‘school readiness’. While much research has focused on the implications of neoliberal reforms in the primary through tertiary and childcare sectors, particularly the divisive social consequences of these shifts, insufficient attention has been paid to the ‘neoliberal creep’ – to co-opt Viggiano’s term – into the lives of Australian children and their parents/caregivers. 1 This paper draws on a combination of discursive, affective and semiotic analysis to investigate how neoliberal discourses work through advertising regimes to influence parental choice in the current preschool market. Through the analysis of six Montessori preschool websites, the article highlights how, through the targeted manipulation of visual and linguistic elements, marketing experts create and reinforce idealised constructions of children, which in turn, contribute to the establishment of specific discursive and affective environments. This results in a sort of ‘emotional governance’ which directly influences the relationships between marketisation, discursive subjectivities, and the classed and gendered implications of parental choice in Australia.
The “Bundle Wire” Technique: A Novel Approach to Cannulating Challenging Target Vessels Using Multiple Fine Atraumatic Guidewires That Together Serve as a Stiff Guidewire
Authors: Ali Ahmed A. , Stana Jan , Bruno Salvatore , Joseph George , Eleshra Ahmed , Tsilimparis Nikolaos
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To present a novel technique that enables safe and effective cannulation of target vessels with challenging anatomy during fenestrated/branched endovascular aortic repair (F/B-EVAR).

Technique:

Following deployment of the F/B-EVAR endograft, the target vessels (TVs) are cannulated. The bundle wire technique provides a solution to challenging TVs and uses multiple fine atraumatic guidewires that together serve as a stiff guidewire. The technique can be executed in 2 ways using: (1) one 0.018 inch and one 0.014 inch guidewire or (2) three 0.014 inch guidewires. We demonstrate the technique in a case of a complex abdominal aortic aneurysm treated using branched EVAR in which the left renal artery with severe ostial stenosis was catheterized using the bundle wire technique.

Conclusions:

The bundle wire technique offers a technically feasible and economically viable solution for facilitating catheter and bridging stent delivery in anatomically challenging TVs during F/B-EVAR. It is a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium available to physicians for accessing demanding TVs.