bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Pediatric Extradural Hematoma: An Institutional Study of 228 Patients in Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Faheem Mohd , Jaiswal Manish , Ojha Bal Krishna , Chandra Anil , Singh Sunil Kumar , Srivastava Chhitij
Published: July 2019

Background: Extradural hematoma (EDH) is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity after traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients. Early surgical intervention in these patients produces excellent results. Objective: We reviewed surgical experience at our center, examining and presenting symptomatology and outcome analysis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 228 pediatric patients of EDH from July 2007 to August 2017 was performed. Patients were evaluated in terms of demographic profile, clinical features, pupillary size and reaction, computed tomography findings, operative measures, and several other parameters. Neurological status was assessed using motor component (M) of Glasgow Coma Scale score. Best motor response was considered as a criterion to classify severity of traumatic brain injury and for the assessment of outcome. Results: Most of the patients were in the age group of 13–18 years (n = 122, 53.5%). Majority of them were male (n = 182, 79.8%). The commonest mode of injury was fall from height (n = 116, 50.9%) followed by road traffic accident (n = 92, 40.4%). Most common site of hematoma was frontal region (n = 66, 28.9%) followed by parietal region (n = 54, 23.7%). The volume of hematoma was between 30 and 50 mL in majority of the patients (n = 186, 81.6%), and most of the patients had a motor responses of M5 (n = 88, 38.6%) and M6 (n = 108, 47.4%). The association between hematoma site and volume was not significant (χ2 = 5.910, p = 0.749), whereas statistically significant association was noted between volume of hematoma and motor response (χ2 = 93.468, p ≤ 0.001), volume and age (χ2 = 7.380, p ≤ 0.05), and volume to time between trauma and surgery (χ2 = 8.469, p ≤ 0.05). Maximum mortality was in patients of low motor (M1–M3) response and who were operated 24 h after injury. Conclusion: Mortality in patients of EDH can be significantly reduced with gratifying results if operated early. Best motor response at presentation, pupillary abnormalities, time between injury to surgery, and location of hematoma have been identified as the important factors determining outcome in patients of EDH.
Airway Obstruction during Sleep due to Diaphragm Pacing Precludes Decannulation in Young Children with CCHS
Authors: Valika Taher , Chin Anthony C. , Thompson Dana M. , Kabre Rashmi , Lavin Jennifer M. , Neault Sarah H. , Ballard Heather A. , Kenny Anna S. , Weese-Mayer Debra E.
Published: July 2019

Children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) have a PHOX2B mutation-induced control of breathing deficit necessitating artificial ventilation as life support. A subset of CCHS families seek phrenic nerve-diaphragm pacing (DP) during sleep with the goal of tracheal decannulation. Published data regarding DP during sleep as life support in the decannulated child with CCHS and related airway dynamics in young children are limited. We report a series of 3 children, ages 3.3–4.3 years, who underwent decannulation. Sleep endoscopy performed during DP revealed varied (oropharynx, supraglottic, glottic, etc.) levels of complete airway obstruction despite modification of pacer settings. Real-time analysis of end tidal CO2 and SpO2 confirmed inadequate gas exchange. Because the families declined re-tracheostomy, all 3 patients rely on noninvasive mask ventilation as a means of life support while asleep. These results emphasize the need for extreme caution in proceeding with tracheal decannulation in young children with CCHS who expect to use DP during sleep as life support. Parents and patients should anticipate that they will depend on noninvasive mask ventilation (rather than DP) during sleep after undergoing decannulation. This information may improve management and guide expectations regarding potential decannulation in young paced children with CCHS.
A Prediction Model of Operation Efficacy Using Protruding Prostate Lobe Volume in Patients Who Are Candidates for Transurethral Resection of Prostate
Authors: Demirbas Arif , Gunseren Kadir Omur , Bagcioglu Murat , Yucel Mehmet Ozgur
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To create a prediction model that could preoperatively measure the success of the transurethral prostate resection (TURP) because of bladder outlet obstruction. Methods: Patients aged 50–80 years applied with TURP were examined prospectively and evaluated in respect of the preoperative and postoperative values of maximum flow rate (Qmax), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score and post-voiding residual (PVR) urine amount. On the preoperative transabdominal ultrasonography, total prostate volume (TPV), and protruding prostate lobe volume (PPLV) were measured and the protruding ratio (PR), as the ratio of PPLV to TPV, was calculated. Based on the mean of the preoperative and postoperative Qmax difference (Qmax-D) value, Group 1 (n = 33) was defined as “low efficacy” and Group 2 (n = 30) as “high efficacy”. Results: A correlation was determined between the QMax-D, IPSS difference, PVR difference, and QoL difference measured for the efficacy of the operation, and TPV, PPLV and PR. The results of multivariate analysis showed the main effect to be created by PR (p = 0.000; OR 1.596). In the evaluation with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of high efficacy obtained in the TURP, a significantly powerful effect of the measurements of PPLV area under curve (AUC 0.922 [0.855–0.989] p= 0.000) and PR (AUC 0.954 [0.982–1.000] p = 0.000) was determined. The cutoff value of 11.5 was detected for PR. Efficacy sensitivity and the positive predictive values were recorded as 93.3%, and specificity and negative predictive value as 93.9%. Conclusion: When determining candidate patients for TURP surgery, measurements of the PPLV and especially the PR should be taken into consideration in the preoperative prediction of efficacy.
Effect of Rivastigmine (Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitor) versus Placebo on Manic Episodes in Patients with Bipolar Disorders: Results from a Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Keshavrzi Amir , Rezaei Hadi , Haghighi Mohammad , Jahangard Leila
Published: July 2019

Background: To treat patients with bipolar disorders (BPD) during the acute phase, the standard procedure is to administer lithium or sodium valproate. To further optimize treatment, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil and galantamine have gained increased interest, though with conflicting results. In the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we investigated whether, and to what extent, adjuvant rivastigmine might improve symptoms of mania in patients with BPD during the acute manic phase. Methods: A total of 70 patients with BPD in an acute state of mania (mean age 33.8 years; 24% females) took part in this study. After a thorough clinical interview, standard treatment consisted of 20mg/kg/day of sodium valproate; next, patients were randomly assigned either to the adjuvant rivastigmine or to the placebo condition. The study duration was 24 days. The dose of rivastigmine was 1.5 mg for the first 7 days and 3 mg from day 8 to day 24. Experts blind to the patients’ study condition rated patients’ mania scores, symptom severity, and symptom improvements at baseline (except symptom improvements) and 4, 8, 12, and 24 days after the beginning of this study. Results: Symptoms of mania improved over time, but more so in the adjuvant rivastigmine compared to the placebo condition. Greater improvements were observed from day 8 on. Conclusions: The pattern of results from the present randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study suggests that adjuvant rivastigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, improved symptoms of mania among a larger sample of inpatients with BPD and in the acute manic state. However, the improvements were modest, and the results should be replicated and above all balanced against side effects.
Comparison of the Uptake of Screening Colonoscopy between Physicians and the General Population in Greece
Authors: Viazis Nikos , Tzouvala Maria , Theodoropoulou Angeliki , Giouleme Olga , Thomopoulos Kostas , Christodoulou Dimitrios K. , Michopoulos Spyros , Soufleris Konstantinos , Koutroubakis Ioannis , Karamanolis Georg , Papatheodoridis George , Giotis Ioannis , Paspatis Gregorios , Mantzaris Gerassimos J.
Published: July 2019

Aim: To evaluate the uptake of screening colonoscopy among physicians as compared to the general population. Methods: Asymptomatic physicians, aged 45–67 years, at average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), working in the participating National Health System hospitals were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the uptake of screening colonoscopy. The results were compared to those in a background healthy population, aged 50–75 years, inhabitants of a Greek county, who were offered a free access to a screening colonoscopy program for CRC. High-risk adenomas were those ≥10 mm in diameter or any adenoma, regardless of size, with villous histology or high-grade dysplasia. Results: Overall, 267 of 782 physicians and 402 of 6,534 nonphysicians underwent a screening colonoscopy (uptake rates 34.2 and 6.2% respectively, p = 0.00001). Screening colonoscopy has yielded 4 adenocarcinomas (1.6%), 14 high-risk adenomas (5.5%), and 61 low-risk adenomas (25.7%) in the physicians’ group. Corresponding figures in the nonphysician arm were 4 (1), 26 (6.5), and 107 (26.6%), respectively. The main reason among physicians for nonadherence was indifference/negligence (n = 213). Conclusion: The proportion of physicians undergoing screening colonoscopy for CRC is significantly higher compared to the general population; however, it does remain suboptimal.
Association of Smell Identification Deficit with Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, Japanese Version Scores and Brain Atrophy in Patients with Dementia
Authors: Yoshii Fumihito , Onaka Hiroe , Kohara Saori , Ryo Masafuchi , Takahashi Wakoh
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is commonly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may be related to disorder of the central olfactory processing system. In this work, therefore, we examined the relationships between olfactory changes and the most affected cognitive domain or degree of brain atrophy in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: The subjects were 55 AD patients and 27 MCI patients. Smell identification tests were performed using Odor Stick Identification Test for Japanese ­(OSIT-J). The severity and nature of cognitive dysfunctions were evaluated using the AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, Japanese version (ADAS-Jcog). MRI with voxel-based specific regional analysis system for AD software was used for evaluation of brain atrophy. Results: ­OSIT-J scores were significantly correlated with total ­ADAS-Jcog scores, as well as with ADAS-Jcog subscale items of word recall task, orientation (memory domain) and ideational praxis. Smell identification deficit was proportional to the degree of atrophy of the medial temporal lobe. Conclusion: Smell identification deficit in AD/MCI is strongly associated with the memory domain of cognitive function and with atrophy of the medial temporal lobe.
Pregnancy after 24 Postoperative Months of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Presents Risk of Pregnancy Complications Similar to Pregnancy within the First Postoperative Year
Authors: Cruz Sabrina , Matos Andrea , Cruz Suelem , Pereira Silvia , Saboya Carlos , Ramalho Andréa
Published: July 2019

Background: To assess the influence of the time interval between pregnancy and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on maternal-infant complications. Methods: This is an analytical, longitudinal and retrospective study comprising 42 pregnant women who had previously undergone RYGB, subdivided according to the time interval between pregnancy and bariatric surgery: ≤12 months (G1), >12 and <24 months (G2) and ≥24 months (G3). Anthropometric variables of mothers, newborns and information on pregnancy complications were collected. Results: G1 was the group more likely to develop urinary tract infection, dumping syndrome and inadequacy of birth weight than G2. Pregnancy complications were similar and >80.0% both in the first 12 months and after 24 months of the RYGB and the smallest percentages occurred in the time interval of 12–24 months after it. In addition, the percentage of neonatal complications was the highest in G1 when compared to the other times studied. Conclusion: Our findings indicate less predisposition to maternal-infant complications in pregnancies occurring in the time interval of >12 and <24 months and suggest that pregnancy after 24 months can be as harmful as pregnancies occurring before the first 12 postoperative months, since a great catabolism occurs at this time as it has been shown in the literature.
Beyond Public Health Genomics: Can Big Data and Predictive Analytics Deliver Precision Public Health?
Authors: Khoury Muin J. , Engelgau Michael , Chambers David A. , Mensah George A.
Published: July 2019

The field of public health genomics has matured in the past two decades and is beginning to deliver genomic-based interventions for health and health care. In the past few years, the terms precision medicine and precision public health have been used to include information from multiple fields measuring biomarkers as well as environmental and other variables to provide tailored interventions. In the context of public health, “precision” implies delivering the right intervention to the right population at the right time, with the goal of improving health for all. In addition to genomics, precision public health can be driven by “big data” as identified by volume, variety, and variability in biomedical, sociodemographic, environmental, geographic, and other information. Most current big data applications in health are in elucidating pathobiology and tailored drug discovery. We explore how big data and predictive analytics can contribute to precision public health by improving public health surveillance and assessment, and efforts to promote uptake of evidence-based interventions, by including more extensive information related to place, person, and time. We use selected examples drawn from child health, cardiovascular disease, and cancer to illustrate the promises of precision public health, as well as current methodologic and analytic challenges to big data to fulfill these promises.
Safety of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Stroke in Patients with an Active Malignancy: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Alberte-Woodward Miguel , da Silva-França Carlos Filipe , Rodríguez-Gay Isabel , Pego-Reigosa Robustiano
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Evidence is scarce regarding the safety of alteplase for acute stroke in patients with an active malignancy. Methods: We reviewed medical records for patients with both conditions treated at our institution over a 2-year period. Results: Five patients were identified, of which only one developed an asymptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage, and no systemic bleedings occurred. Functional outcomes and stroke severity, as measured by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale, were favourable upon discharge. Conclusion: In the absence of active bleeding or known malignancy of the central nervous system, intravenous alteplase seems a reasonable option for patients with an active cancer and acute stroke.
Yq Microdeletion in a Patient with VACTERL Association and Shawl Scrotum with Bifid Scrotum: A Real Pathogenetic Association or a Coincidence?
Authors: Tumini Stefano , Alfonsi Melissa , Carinci Silvia , Morizio Elisena , Antonucci Ivana , Gatta Valentina , Lisi Gabriele , Lelli Chiesa Pierluigi , Calabrese Giuseppe , Stuppia Liborio , Palka Chiara
Published: July 2019

VACTERL association is defined by the occurrence of congenital malformations: vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, radial and renal dysplasia, and limb defects. No genetic alterations have been discovered except for some sporadic chromosomal rearrangements and gene mutations. We report a boy with VACTERL association and shawl scrotum with bifid scrotum who presented with a de novo Yq11.223q11.23 microdeletion identified by array CGH. The deletion spans 3.1 Mb and encompasses several genes in the AZFc region, frequently deleted in infertile men with severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. Herein, we discuss the possible explanation for this unusual genotype-phenotype correlation. We suggest that the deletion of the BPY2 (previously VCY2) gene, located in the AZFc region and involved in spermatogenesis, contributed to the genesis of the phenotype. In fact, BPY2 interacts with a ubiquitin-protein ligase, involved in the SHH pathway which is known to be implicated in the genesis of VACTERL association.
The Evolving Arena of Ovarian Cancer Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Markman Maurie
Published: July 2019

Based on the results of several phase 3 randomized trials, “maintenance therapy” (prolonged treatment after an initial response to cytotoxic chemotherapy) has assumed a critical role in the routine care of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. While earlier data had provided support for this therapeutic concept in disease management (e.g., multiple cycles of single-agent paclitaxel following a clinical complete response to a platinum/paclitaxel regimen), more recent data has revealed both the efficacy and safety of the anti-angiogenesis agent, bevacizumab, and several PARP inhibitors when employed in this clinical setting.
Role of Natural IgM and IgM Induced Bregs in Preventing Ischemia Induced Innate Inflammation and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Lobo Peter I. , Okusa Mark D.
Published: July 2019

Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is predominantly mediated by the innate inflammatory response to damage-associated molecular patterns released during the reperfusion phase of the ischemic event. In this study, we show that pre-emptive IgM infusions to increase binding of natural IgM (nIgM) anti-leucocyte autoantibodies (IgM-ALA), inhibit this inflammatory response and prevent AKI in mice. Similarly, AKI was prevented by pre-emptively infusing Bregs, induced ex vivo by pre-treating pan-B cells with nIgM. Harnessing such a physiologic mechanism to inhibit inflammation and prevent ischemia-induced AKI can have translational potential in humans. For example, one can pre-emptively infuse IgM or ex vivo induced Bregs in patients who have a high risk of developing ischemia-induced AKI, especially the subset of these patients with low levels of IgM-ALA or regulatory T cells (Tregs).
Discursos transatlânticos: diálogos entre o Cais das Artes e o Museu dos Coches, de Paulo Mendes da Rocha.
Authors: Giroto Ivo Renato
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tece considerações sobre aspectos da produção contemporânea do premiado arquiteto Paulo Mendes da Rocha através da análise de dois equipamentos culturais recentes: o ainda não concluído Cais das Artes de Vitória (2007), e o Museu Nacional dos Coches (2008-16), em Lisboa, cujas características estimulam uma leitura dialogada. Mendes da Rocha é um dos arquitetos que mais enfaticamente apoiam-se no discurso como suporte da prática arquitetônica, relação que inexoravelmente coloca-se como filtro para a análise das obras. O texto trata, então, não apenas de cotejar discurso e prática, mas o discurso na prática.
DSD and CAD/CAM integration in the planning and execution of an oral rehabilitation procedure
Authors: Dos Santos Marina Medeiros Toste Coelho , Relvas Adriano , Vieira Bárbara , Ventura Renata , Segundo Ângelo Raphael , Saraiva Sérgio
Published: July 2019

This article presents a clinical case involving the integrated application of CAD/CAM and DSD. DSD – Digital Smile Design – assists in obtaining a treatment plan adjusted to the patient’s facial features, achieving the best aesthetic potential. The integration between DSD and CAD/CAM allows for greater fidelity in respect to the original plan. A patient received a rehabilitation with veneers milled out of leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramics, using the CAD/CAM system and a DSD-obtained digital wax-up. This workf low simplifies design and fabrication, providing greater accuracy and predictability to the rehabilitation process. The digital planning and development of the mockup also makes clinical conditions more predictable. Making ceramic veneers using the CAD/CAM technique requires judicious adhesive cementation, and also an accurate practical and theoretical knowledge on the part of the professional.
Ressonância magnética para avaliação de metástases de carcinoma epidermoide oral em linfonodos cervicais
Authors: Vanini Jaqueline Vaz , Rocha Glauber Bareia Liberato da , Zarpellon Amanda Caroline , Arita Emiko Saito , Oliveira Jefferson Xavier de
Published: July 2019

A escolha do tratamento em pacientes com lesões orais malignas depende do estadiamento preciso no pré-tratamento, particularmente, a detecção de linfonodos comprometidos. Portanto, o estadiamento da região cervical deve ser o mais preciso possível. O objetivo do presente estudo é revisar e discutir a literatura sobre a utilização de ressonância magnética para detecção de metástases de carcinoma epidermoide em linfonodos cervicais. Foi pesquisado no MEDLINE, através do PubMed, artigos publicados até 2018, restritos a publicações em inglês. Os critérios de inclusão englobaram artigos originais que analisaram ou discutiram o uso de imagens de ressonância magnética na avaliação de carcinomas de células escamosas da cavidade bucal (SCCOC) e metástases à distância em humanos. Um total de 30 estudos foram considerados elegíveis para inclusão nesta revisão de literatura e reunidos para discussão. Previamente à cirurgia, o exame de ressonância magnética deveria ser aliado ao de PET-CT para uma detecção mais precisa das metástases linfonodais relacionadas ao SCCOC e esses exames deveriam ser repetidos no primeiro dia de pós-operatório. A ressonância magnética tem uma boa resolução para os tecidos moles, portanto, ajuda na determinação do tamanho do tumor, o que pode ser um fator preditivo de metástase. Como os índices de sensibilidade e especificidade ainda não são ideais, a análise histopatológica dos linfonodos ainda é necessária para confirmação da presença de metástases e correto estadiamento da doença.
Influência do envelhecimento sobre a rugosidade e estabilidade de cor dos cimentos de ionômero de vidro encapsulados
Authors: Matos Adriana Bona , Silva Bruno Bachiega da , Araújo Erika Michele dos Santos , Da Silva Beatriz Togoro Ferreira
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Analisar efeitos de diferentes envelhecimentos sobre a rugosidade e a cor de cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV) encapsulados. Materiais e métodos: Foram testados dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro [convencional/ Self Cure (SC) e resino modificado/Light Cure (LC)] e envelhecimentos [(baseline, pós-ciclagem térmica e pós- -ciclagem térmica + armazenamento por sete meses)]. 52 discos (n = 13) foram confeccionados. A cor foi avaliada por dois espectrofotômetros (VITA Easyshade e Konica Minolta CE3700A), e a rugosidade pelo perfilômetro óptico (Proscan 2100, Scantron). Resultados: ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) foram realizados. Os CIVs apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre si (p < 0,05) para rugosidade (SC = 0,202 μm e LC = 0,241), os envelhecimentos alteraram significativamente a rugosidade baseline = 0,278 μm, ciclado = 0,220 μm e ciclado-armazenado = 0,167 μm, e para cor (SC ΔE = 3,89 e o LC ΔE = 4,94). Para ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* houve diferença na interação dos fatores, com maior alteração do ΔL* para o CIV LC após ciclagem + armazenagem. Para Δa* houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) entre os envelhecimentos, sendo maior para o grupo CIV LC após ciclagem. Maior alteração Δb* foi observada para o CIV LC após ciclagem + armazenagem. Conclusões: Os diferentes CIVs possuem rugosidade superficial e cor diferentes. O CIV LC mostrou-se mais rugoso quando comparado ao SC, porém ambos se tornaram menos rugosos com o passar do tempo. O protocolo de envelhecimento que mais interfere na rugosidade e na cor de diferentes tipos de CIV é a ciclagem térmica seguida de armazenamento.
Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis correlating the bone densities of jaws with multislice computed tomography for cervical vertebrae
Authors: Cheade Mayara De Cassia Cunha , Munhoz Luciana , Arita Emiko Saito , Watanabe Plauto Christopher Aranha
Published: July 2019

Objectives: to evaluate the correlation of the bone mineral density (BMD) from maxilla and mandible with that of the cervical vertebrae, using Hounsfield units (HU) and multislice computed tomography (CT) to verify whether CT could be a useful osteoporosis screening tool. Methods: 79 multislice CT examinations from patients who underwent CT examinations of maxilla, mandible and cervical vertebrae simultaneously were included. The following left and right anatomical regions were assessed: mandible ramus; mandible head; the area below the inferior first molar and the area below the upper cuspids. HU were measured in each area using a 0.1 cm region of interest (ROI) positioned in the center of the slice. Results: a significant correlation between the cervical spine and the posterior region of the mandible was found, as well as a significant correlation between the anterior maxilla and the cervical spine. However, no correlation was found between the cervical spine and other parts of the mandible, such as ramus and head of mandible. Conclusions: As anterior maxillary bone and posterior mandible bone HU values correlate with cervical bone HU values, this examination may be applied as osteoporosis screening tool.
Artifact induction by endodontic materials
Authors: Salineiro Fernanda Cristina Sales , Talamoni Igor Publio , Velasco Solange Kobayashi , Barros Fabiana Mesquita , Cavalcanti Marcelo De Gusmão Paraíso
Published: July 2019

Metallic objects, such as intracanal posts and restorations, may produce severe interference, thus diminishing the quality of CBCT imaging. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of conventional and bioceramic gutta-percha points on the production of artifacts in CBCT images. Methods: Extracted single- -rooted premolar teeth (n=20) were instrumented and scanned with a CBCT device to create three groups: the Control group, the Gutta-Percha group and the Bioceramic Gutta-Percha group. Two types of analysis were executed: an objective one, using the Region of Interest (ROI) to measure the pixel density of each tooth, and a subjective one, to compare the groups’ images. For the statistical analysis, Student’s t-test, descriptive statistics and the frequency distribution analysis were used for both objective and subjective analyses. Results: The agreement between the observers ranged from moderate to excellent. Similar grayscale values were obtained in both the GP and BCGP groups. These results were endorsed by the p-values obtained with Student’s t test. For the subjective analysis, the observers indicated the BCGP group as the one that developed the highest number of artifacts. Conclusions: Both materials produced artifacts in the CBCT images. However, in the subjective analysis, the BCGP group showed higher levels of artifact production than the GP group, which could result in the misdiagnosis of root fracture and in a worse prognosis for that tooth.
Major Histocompatibility Complex–Matched Arteries Have Similar Patency to Autologous Arteries in a Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex–Defined Transplant Model
Authors: Maufort John P. , Israel Jacqueline S. , Brown Matthew E. , Kempton Steve J. , Albano Nicholas J. , Zeng Weifeng , Kelnhofer Laurel E. , Reynolds Matthew R. , Perrin Elizabeth S. , Sanchez Ruston J. , Slukvin Igor I. , Thomson James A. , Poore Samuel O.
Published: July 2019

Background

Arterial bypass and interposition grafts are used routinely across multiple surgical subspecialties. Current options include both autologous and synthetic materials; however, each graft presents specific limitations. Engineering artificial small‐diameter arteries with vascular cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells could provide a useful therapeutic solution. Banking induced pluripotent stem cells from rare individuals who are homozygous for human leukocyte antigen alleles has been proposed as a strategy to facilitate economy of scale while reducing the potential for rejection of induced pluripotent stem cell–derived transplanted tissues. Currently, there is no standardized model to study transplantation of small‐diameter arteries in major histocompatibility complex–defined backgrounds.

Methods and Results

In this study, we developed a limb‐sparing nonhuman primate model to study arterial allotransplantation in the absence of immunosuppression. Our model was used to compare degrees of major histocompatibility complex matching between arterial grafts and recipient animals with long‐term maintenance of patency and function. Unexpectedly, we (1) found that major histocompatibility complex partial haplomatched allografts perform as well as autologous control grafts; (2) detected little long‐term immune response in even completely major histocompatibility complex mismatched allografts; and (3) observed that arterial grafts become almost completely replaced over time with recipient cells.

Conclusions

Given these findings, induced pluripotent stem cell–derived tissue‐engineered blood vessels may prove to be promising and customizable grafts for future use by cardiac, vascular, and plastic surgeons.
Phosphodiesterase 5 Associates With β2 Adrenergic Receptor to Modulate Cardiac Function in Type 2 Diabetic Hearts
Authors: West Toni M. , Wang Qingtong , Deng Bingqing , Zhang Yu , Barbagallo Federica , Reddy Gopireddy R. , Chen Dana , Phan Kyle S. , Xu Bing , Isidori Andres , Xiang Yang K.
Published: July 2019

Background

In murine heart failure models and in humans with diabetic‐related heart hypertrophy, inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (
PDE
5) by sildenafil improves cardiac outcomes. However, the mechanism by which sildenafil improves cardiac function is unclear. We have observed a relationship between
PDE
5 and β2 adrenergic receptor (β2
AR
), which is characterized here as a novel mechanistic axis by which sildenafil improves symptoms of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

Wild‐type and β2
AR
knockout mice fed a high fat diet (
HFD
) were treated with sildenafil, and echocardiogram analysis was performed. Cardiomyocytes were isolated for excitation‐contraction (E‐C) coupling, fluorescence resonant energy transfer, and proximity ligation assays; while heart tissues were implemented for biochemical and histological analyses.
PDE
5 selectively associates with β2
AR
, but not β1 adrenergic receptor, and inhibition of
PDE
5 with sildenafil restores the impaired response to adrenergic stimulation in
HFD
mice and isolated ventriculomyocytes. Sildenafil enhances β adrenergic receptor (βAR)‐stimulated
cGMP
and
cAMP
signals in
HFD
myocytes. Consequently, inhibition of
PDE
5 leads to protein kinase G–, and to a lesser extent, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase
II
–dependent improvements in adrenergically stimulated E‐C coupling. Deletion of β2
AR
abolishes sildenafil's effect. Although the
PDE
5‐β2
AR
association is not altered in
HFD
, phosphodiesterase 3 displays an increased association with the β2
AR
‐
PDE
5 complex in
HFD
myocytes.

Conclusions

This study elucidates mechanisms by which the β2
AR
‐
PDE
5 axis can be targeted for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. Inhibition of
PDE
5 enhances β2
AR
stimulation of
cGMP
and
cAMP
signals, as well as protein kinase G–dependent E‐C coupling in
HFD
myocytes.
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Fallenius Marika , Skrifvars Markus B. , Reinikainen Matti , Bendel Stepani , Curtze Sami , Sibolt Gerli , Martinez-Majander Nicolas , Raj Rahul
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—

We compared clinical and radiological predictors of long-term mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) needing intensive care.

Methods—

A retrospective multicenter study of adult ICH patients treated in Finnish tertiary hospital’s intensive care units during 2003 to 2013. We created 3 multivariable models (clinical, radiological, and combined clinical-radiological) for 12-month mortality prediction and compared their areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). We analyzed supratentorial and infratentorial ICHs separately.

Results—

Of 972 patients (796 supratentorial ICH, 176 infratentorial ICH) included, 43% died within 12 months (42% supratentorial ICH, 49% infratentorial ICH). For all patients, the clinical model (AUC, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.81–0.86) outperformed the radiological model (AUC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70–0.77;
P
<0.001), yet the combined model (AUC, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.83–0.88) outperformed both condensed models (
P
<0.001). For supratentorial ICH, the combined model outperformed both the clinical and radiological models (AUC, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81–0.87 versus AUC, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.79–0.85 and AUC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.69–0.77;
P
<0.001 for all). For infratentorial ICH patients, the combined model significantly outperformed the radiological model but not the clinical model (AUC, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96 versus AUC, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69–0.83 versus AUC, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87–0.95;
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.433, respectively).

Conclusions—

Clinical factors were more important than objective radiological factors for 12-month mortality prediction in intensive care unit–treated ICH patients. The effect of clinical and radiological factors on outcome was different for supratentorial and infratentorial ICHs stressing that these should not be treated as one entity.
Flushing of an intravenous catheter
Authors: Hengeveld Rutger C.C. , Olofsen Bianca E. , van Dongen-Lases Edmée C. , Leenhouts Peter A. , Hakkenberg van Gaasbeek Victor F.H.A. , Ridderikhof Milan L. , Gerards Maaike C.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Phlebotomy is an error-prone process in which mistakes are difficult to reveal. This case report describes the effect on laboratory results originating from a blood sample collected in close proximity to an intravenous catheter. Materials and methods: A 69-year-old male patient was referred to the Emergency department where pneumonia was suspected. Phlebotomy was performed to collect blood samples to assess electrolytes, renal function, liver function, infection and haematological parameters. Results: The laboratory analysis showed reduced potassium and calcium concentrations. To prevent life-threatening cardiac failure the clinician decided to correct those electrolytes. Remarkably, the electrocardiogram showed no abnormalities corresponding to hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia. This observation, in combination with an overall increase in laboratory parameters with the exception of sodium and chloride, led to the suspicion of a preanalytical error. Retrospectively, an intravenous catheter was inserted in close proximity of the puncture place but no continuous infusion was started prior to phlebotomy. However, the intravenous catheter was flushed with sodium chloride. Since potential other causes were excluded, the flushing of the intravenous catheter with sodium chloride prior to phlebotomy was the most probable cause for the deviating laboratory results and subsequently for the unnecessary potassium and calcium suppletion. Conclusion: This case underlines the importance of caution in the interpretation of laboratory results obtained from specimens that are collected in the proximity of an intravenous catheter, even in the absence of continuous infusion.
Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Scandinavia and Southern Europe
Authors: Rodriguez Martinez Pilar
Published: July 2019

This article will focus on the significant differences shown by the data found by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) survey of women who may or may not have suffered physical Intimate Partner Violence against Women (IPVAW). The authors present the model and result of the discriminant function analysis that they carried out separately for the countries from southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, and Malta) and Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland, and Sweden). Their hypotheses were that women with less income, lower educational level, who are divorced, who have children, are from rural areas, who are housewives, with bad health, older aged, immigrants, and those who had suffered some physical violence from other people – apart from the partner or ex-partner –, will suffer more violence than the rest of women. One of the most relevant conclusions from their analysis was this: the more often a woman experienced physical violence from someone other than a partner/ex-partner beginning at the age of 15 years old, the more probable it will be that she will suffer IPVAW. The authors discuss this and other significant findings here.
The Land Sector in the 2030 EU Climate Change Policy Framework: a Look At The Future
Authors: Savaresi Annalisa , Perugini Lucia
Published: July 2019

Under the recently adopted 2030 EU climate change policy framework, land use, land use change and forestry (lulucf) will for the first time contribute to the EU’s economy wide emission reduction target. This article looks at the history of the lulucf Regulation, analysing its contents in light of the history of international and regional efforts to regulate emissions and removals in this specific sector. It highlights the challenges associated with regulating this specific sector and reviews the regulation, assessing how well it has addressed these challenges.
Characteristics of Some Turkic Garshuni Texts Preserved in an 18th Century Chaldean Prayer Book
Authors: Karlsson Jonas
Published: July 2019

This article presents the Turkic Garshuni prayers found in the 18th century Chaldean manuscript Uppsala O Hebr. 47. Out of a total of eight prayers, five have previously been described in the scholarly literature and three are here presented for the first time. The previously described prayers are compared to other (manuscript) witnesses with respect to orthography and textual tradition, and the new prayers are also briefly introduced. Then the orthography used for writing Turkic Garshuni in Uppsala O Hebr. 47 is discussed in more general terms. It is suggested that two different orthographic traditions are represented in the manuscript: one where ʿayn is used as a mater lectionis and ḥēṯ is used as a homophone of kāf with rukkāḵā, and one in which these features are absent. Different ways of writing /ŋ/ are also commented on.
A review of the genus Lipotactes Brunner v. W., 1898 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Lipotactinae) from China
Authors: SHI FU-MING , LI RUI-LIAN
Published: July 2019

In the current paper, a key to the species of Lipotactes Brunner v. W. occuring in China is given. Two species are described as new, L. laminus sp. nov. and L. truncatus sp. nov. The material, on which the study is based including the type specimens is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.
The identity of shield bugs described by Francis Walker from Taiwan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: TSAI JING-FU , RÉDEI DÁVID
Published: July 2019

Francis Walker (1809–1874), an English entomologist, described five species of shield bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from „Formosa” (= Taiwan) in 1868. Four of them have never been recorded again since the original description and their identity has remained unknown so far. Based on the type material deposited at the Museum of Victoria, Abbotsford, Australia, Walker’s species are documented and their identities are clarified. The following new synonymies are proposed: Eysarcorini: Eysarcoris guttigerus (Thunberg, 1783) = E. latus Walker, 1868, syn. n. = E. pustulatus Walker, 1868, syn. n.; Menidini: Menida (Menida) versicolor (Gmelin, 1790) = Rhaphigaster quinquemaculatus Walker, 1868, syn. n.; Myrocheini: Laprius gastricus (Thunberg, 1822) = Sciocoris lugubris Walker, 1868, syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for Eysarcoris latus, E. pustulatus, and Sciocoris lugubris.
Species of the genus Hyadina from China (Diptera: Ephydridae)
Authors: ZHANG JUNHUA , YANG DING
Published: July 2019

The genus Hyadina Haliday is recorded from continental China for the first time. Four species, H. jinpingensis sp. nov., H. longicaudata sp. nov., H. quinquepunctata sp. nov. and H. sauteri Cresson, are described. All the species are distributed in Oriental China. A key to the Chinese species of Hyadina is presented.
Description of cryptic taxa within the Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1878 and A. hebes Kim and Abele, 1988 species complexes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , HURT CARLA , KNOWLTON NANCY
Published: July 2019

Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1878 and A. hebes Kim and Abele, 1988 are reviewed based on morphological and genetic data. Alpheus bouvieri, previously believed to be distributed in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic, is restricted to the Atlantic populations; the eastern Pacific populations (A. bouvieri sensu Kim and Abele 1988) are assigned to A. javieri n. sp. A second new species, A. agilis n. sp., closely related to the eastern Pacific A. hebes, is described based on recently collected specimens from the eastern Atlantic (São Tomé, Cape Verde) and western Atlantic (Atol das Rocas off northeastern Brazil). The absence of A. agilis n. sp. (or any other representative of the A. hebes clade) in the Caribbean Sea is likely due to a relatively recent (~1–2 my) extinction. Genetic data (COI sequences) indicates that A. bouvieri and A. javieri n. sp., and A. hebes and A. agilis n. sp. diverged approximately 6 and 7.5 mya, respectively, i.e., around 3 my before the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama.
Differentiation between two epilittoral species, Scutovertex arenocolus spec. nov. and Scutovertex pilosetosus Polderman (Acari: Oribatida) from different European coasts
Authors: PFINGSTL TOBIAS , SCHÄFFER SYLVIA , EBERMANN ERNST , KRISPER GUENTHER
Published: July 2019

Scutovertex arenocolus spec. nov. living in the sandy shore of the Baltic coast is described. Additionally, a closely related species, S. pilosetosus, occurring in marsh habitats of the North Sea coast, is redescribed in detail. Both species show a similar habitus. Scutovertex arenocolus differs from S. pilosetosus in the length of body, cusps and notogastral setae, in the ridge on mentum as well as in a different exochorion structure of the eggs. A morphometric analysis of 14 morphological characters confirmed distinctly shorter cusps and notogastral setae in S. arenocolus. Additionally, a principal component analysis performed with 17 morphological traits provided a clear separation of these two species and of S. minutus. The results of these analyses lead to the conclusion that earlier reports of S. minutus in the coastal zone of the Atlantic, the Baltic and the North Sea should be assigned to the one or the other of these two littoral species.
Interrelationships and history of the slit-eared skinks (Gongylomorphus, Scincidae) of the Mascarene islands, based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear gene sequences
Authors: AUSTIN J. J. , ARNOLD E. N. , JONES C. G.
Published: July 2019

The scincid lizard genus Gongylomorphus is endemic to the western Mascarene islands of Mauritius and Réunion in the southwest Indian Ocean, where its range was greatly reduced in the Nineteenth century, probably by an introduced southern Asian wolf snake (Lycodon aulicus capucinus) and perhaps other exotics. A phylogenetic analysis of the single recognised species of Gongylomorphus was conducted using 1473 bp of combined recent mtDNA and nuclear sequence (cytochrome b 714 bp, 12SrRNA 388 bp, c-mos 371 bp) from 40 individual Gongylomorphus and members of 13 scincid genera used as outgroups. The three recognised subspecies form monophyletic lineages that diverge by 7% for mtDNA and 0.8% for c-mos and, as they also differ in morphology, they are raised to species status here. G. fontenayi occurs in relict montane forest in southwest Mauritius and on neighbouring Flat Island; G. bojerii on this and other offshore islands north and southeast of Mauritius; and the sister of this last species, G. borbonicus was found on Réunion where it became extinct by about 1840. Phylogenetic topology suggests the ancestor of Gongylomorphus originated in Madagascar or possibly Africa, colonising Mauritius from the west and speciating there as long as 3Ma, before a propagule from the G. bojerii lineage invaded Réunion < 2.1Ma to produce G. borbonicus. On and around Mauritius, moderate mtDNA variation exists within and between populations. Extant G. bojerii have two main haplogroups differing by ~ 1.7%: one on the northern offshore islands (Gunners Quoin, Flat, Gabriel, Round and Serpent islands, and Pigeon House Rock) and the other in the southeast (Ilot Vacoas). But homologous sequence from a recently extinct population on Ile aux Fouquets and subfossil bones from at least one mainland site indicates that members of both haplogroups originally occurred together in the southeast. Although the G. bojerii population on Serpent Island is morphologically distinct, it is genetically undifferentiated from neighbouring populations. In G. fontenayi, a more robust orange-tailed population occurs on Flat Island over 60 km away from the remaining ones in the southwestern mountains of Mauritius but diverges from these by only 1.7% in mtDNA sequence. Subfossil material in the intervening area appears to represent intermediate haplotypes and confirms original continuity. These examples show that relict and limited material can mislead about the distinctness of allopatric populations.
Eight species of the genus Glenea Newman, 1842 from the Oriental Region, with description of three new species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini)
Authors: LIN MEIYING , TAVAKILIAN GÉRARD , MONTREUIL OLIVIER , YANG XINGKE
Published: July 2019

Eight species of Glenea Newman, 1842 from the Oriental Region are studied, including description of three new species: G. paradiana Lin et Montreuil sp. nov. from Vietnam & Laos, G. nigrorubricollis Lin et Yang sp. nov. from Guangdong, China and G. subrubricollis Lin et Tavakilian sp. nov. from Vietnam. Glenea theresae Pic, 1943 is regarded as a junior synonym of G. diana Thomson, 1865, and G. (Mesoglenea) invitticollis Breuning, 1956 as a junior synonym of G. flavorubra Gressitt, 1940. Glenea rufipes Gressitt, 1939 is reinstated from synonym of G. subsimilis Gahan, 1897. Habitus and terminalia are presented as photographs.
Neotropical Meliponini: the genus Celetrigona Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae)
Authors: CAMARGO JOÃO M. F. , PEDRO SILVIA R. M.
Published: July 2019

Three new species of Celetrigona are described: C. euclydiana sp. nov., from Acre, Brazil, C. hirsuticornis sp. nov., from Rondônia, Brazil and C. manauara sp. nov., from the northern Amazon. Additional geographic records are provided for C. longicornis (Friese, 1903), the only previously known species; its nest and the male are described and illustrated for the first time. Diagnosis and an identification key for species are provided, which are distinguished by the pattern of pilosity on the antenna.