bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel diagnostic approach to reduce artifacts caused by cerebral atrophy in regional CBF assessment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease by [99mTc]-ECD and SPECT.
Authors: Odano Ikuo , Hosoya Tetsuo , Maeyatsu Fumio , Asari Mami , Oba Kentaro , Taki Yasuyuki
Published: June 2023

Objectives Accurately evaluated regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is increasingly important for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD). We propose a novel diagnostic approach to minimize artifacts and Z-score over- or underestimation caused by cerebral atrophy, better reflecting rCBF, thus improving diagnoses accuracy.
Methods [99mTc]-ECD and SPECT studies were performed on 15 cognitively normal patients, 40 patients with MCI, and 16 patients with probable AD. Patient SPECT images were compared with those of age-matched controls using SPM2. The Z-scores obtained were displayed on a standardized MRI based on the orbito-meatal line. The atrophy correction method was incorporated to reduce artifacts through the MRI masking procedure applied to the target patient. Regional Z-score, percent extent, and atrophy correction rate obtained using the masking procedure, Mask (+), were compared with those obtained without the mask, Mask (-). The atrophy correction rate was defined as follows:
atrophy correction rate = [ZscoreMask (-) - ZscoreMask (+)]/ZscoreMask (-)*100.
To assess the approach, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted for five dementia-related regions.
Results This approach significantly reduced artifacts, regional Z-score, and percent extent in most regions, leading to improved estimates. The mean atrophy correction rate ranged from 10.4 to 12.0%. In MCI and AD, the convexities of the frontal and parietal lobes and the posterior medial cerebrum were particularly sensitive to cerebral atrophy, and the Z-score Mask (-) were overestimated, whereas the posterior cingulate cortex and the cerebellum were less sensitive to artifacts. The diagnostic accuracy for MCI increased from 67% for Mask (-) to 69% for Mask (+), and for AD from 78% for Mask (-) to 82% for Mask (+). The mean Z-scores in the inferior parietal lobule were higher in AD than in MCI.
Conclusion This approach demonstrated improved Z-score assessments with reduced artifacts and improved diagnostic accuracy. A semi-automatic implementation of this is recommended for routine clinical studies.
Statistical assessment of IMERG-FRV6, MSWEP, TRMM-3B43V7, and PERSIANN-CDR satellite precipitation in monthly, seasonal, and annual time-scale over Iran
Authors: Nozarpour Nazanin , Mahjoobi Emad , Golian Saeed
Published: June 2023

Knowing the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation around the world is beneficial for improving climate knowledge and enhancing weather and climate forecasting models. While determining the distribution of precipitation is complicated, many satellite precipitation products (SSPs) have been developed in the past few decades to estimate precipitation with sufficient coverage and accuracy. In this research, the performance of four SSPs namely IMERG-FRV6, MSWEP, TRMM-3B43V7, and PERSIANN-CDR were evaluated at monthly, seasonal, and annual scales in Iran. For this purpose, the measured rainfall data in 81 synoptic stations located in the entire country of Iran in the period of 2008 to 2019 were used. For a more accurate evaluation of the selected SSPs, several statistical indices including Correlation Coefficient, Kling-Gupta Efficiency, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Bias were calculated and analyzed at the location of all synoptic stations. The results indicate that, in general, MSWEP has a significant advantage over other products in all time scales. Of course, the performance of all four products in areas with high monthly rainfall is associated with more errors. Our assessments show that the highest amount of monthly RMSE is observed in PERSIANN-CDR. TRMM-3B43V7 performance is more satisfactory in drier regions, i.e., areas with low to moderate precipitation. It is worthy to mention that MSWEP has the closest average precipitation to the observational data in spring, summer, and winter. Furthermore, IMERG-FRV6 overestimates precipitation in all seasons.
Disciplinary behaviour management strategies in schools and their impact on student psychosocial outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Ijaz Sharea , Nobles James , Mamluk Loubaba , Dawson Sarah , Curran Bonnie , Pryor Rachael , Redwood Sabi , Savovic Jelena
Published: June 2023

Background
Disciplinary behaviour management strategies are implemented in schools to help manage pupil behaviour. There is limited evidence of their intended impact on behaviour and academic outcomes for pupils but a growing concern for the potential negative impact that punitive approaches may have on pupil wellbeing.
Methods
We carried out a systematic review of the impact of disciplinary behaviour management strategies in schools on pupil psychosocial outcomes. We searched multiple electronic databases, and other sources. Primary outcomes were mental health and wellbeing, and secondary outcomes were social behaviours and academic attainment. Double screening of all titles, abstracts and full texts was undertaken, and data extraction was led by one reviewer with second reviewer checking all. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) group’s criteria for nonrandomised studies. Results were narratively synthesised.
Results
We included 14 studies from 5375 citations, assessing three types of strategies: temporary suspension (n = 10), verbal reprimand (n = 2), and mixed strategies (suspension along with other disciplinary intervention; n = 2), reporting on 18 primary and secondary outcomes. Depression was the most frequently reported outcome (n = 7), followed by academic grade scores (n = 4) and poor social behaviour in class (n = 4). Studies were mostly surveys, and all except one were at high risk of bias. We found a recurring pattern in the evidence of disciplinary strategies associated with poor mental health and social behaviour in pupils. The effect on academic attainment was unclear.
Conclusions
Disciplinary strategies aimed at improving behaviour at school may have negative effects on the pupil mental wellbeing as well as class behaviour. These are important consequences and should be assessed in better designed studies before these strategies are implemented.
Comparative studies on the in-situ and ex-situ polymerization routes on Graphene derivative infused Polyaniline (PANI) Nanocomposites
Authors: Nisma NV , Praseetha P Nair
Published: June 2023

Polyaniline (PANI) as a known conducting polymer, exists in different forms, each having its properties and technological applications. PANI and PANI/Graphene Oxide (PANI/GO) composites with different compositions of GO were prepared by in-situ polymerization techniques. The synthesized PANI/GO composites were reduced to PANI/reduced Graphene Oxide (PANI/rGO) via in situ polymerization method. PANI/rGO composites were synthesized by ex-situ polymerization technique also. This research work attempts to do a comparative study of the synthesis and properties of graphene-based PANI nanocomposites. It has been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The prime characteristic peaks from FTIR were analyzed and observed for the formation of nanocomposites. The anti-microbial properties of the polymer composites were investigated by the Agar well diffusion method using two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria – Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli. Pristine PANI shows an inhibition zone in all bacteria than PANI/GO. PANI/rGO ex-situ has more antibacterial activity than PANI/rGO in-situ composite.
Biogeography of high-latitude macroalgal flora: Greenland macroalgal diversity in a North Atlantic and macroecological perspective
Authors: Wegeberg Susse
Published: June 2023

Marine flora distribution change modelling is of high interest in order to investigate the implications of ocean warming due to climate changes. With respect to the Arctic, Greenland is a major player, but due to limited floristic data, including sporadic and difficult accessible historical data, public available data is lacking. Here is presented the Greenland macroalgal flora diversity and distribution, providing a baseline, based on historical and present knowledge, and analyse the distributional patterns within Greenland, but also in a Polar and North Atlantic perspective. Species presence and distribution in Greenland are compiled from literature and from species lists prepared by Greenland macroalgae taxonomists. Macroalgal species numbers are compiled from literature for other countries/regions represented in the North Atlantic. The data set has been analysed in a national biogeographic context, as well as in a polar macroecological perspective, using the (R + C)/P index. A total macroalgal species number of 176 species, divided into 49 Rhodophyta, 79 Phaeophyceae, and 48 Chlorophyta species, were found for Greenland, distributed along a latitudinal gradient from 60-83°N, and whereas 134 and 144 species were registered for the east and west coast, respectively. In general, a linear decline in species number from south to north was observed, as well as on the transverse transect in the northern North Atlantic, with a general higher fraction of Phaeophycean species in the north. A distributional baseline and a checklist for the Greenland macroalgal flora are provided.
Performance of cementitious mortars containing hydrogel–nanoclay hybrid nanocomposite
Authors: Filho Adhemar Watanuki , de Moura Marcia R. , Aouada Fauze Ahmad
Published: June 2023

Cement-based composites comprise a binder matrix with or without aggregates. Hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction that releases considerable quantities of heat, causes drying shrinkage, and results in cracks that can compromise the performance of the structure. Hydrogels can help mitigate such cracking as their hydrophilic characteristics and 3D crosslinked structure enable them to absorb and directly release water into the cement matrix over time. The aim of this study is to synthesize and analyze the effect of adding hybrid nanocomposite hydrogels with different concentrations (0, 10, and 20% w/v) of Cloisite-Na+ nanoclay in their fresh and hardened cement mortar states. The hydrogels were synthesized via free radical polymerization, and four cementitious mortar samples (M, M0, M10, and M20), were prepared with 1:2.16, 0.40 water/cement and 0.50% presoaked hydrogel (wt./wtcement) ratios. The results demonstrated that the density of all the mortars in the fresh state was ~ 2.16 ± 0.01 g.cm− 3, but a decreasing trend was observed that could attributed to the increase of air incorporation into the mortar. At 28 days, the results indicated that the hydrogel with 20% Cloisite-Na+ was the most efficient, causing a reduction of ~ 4.41% in water absorption by the mortar. For all the three curing conditions considered, all mortars demonstrated considerable shrinkage over time. However, the controlled curing indicated that M20 mortars demonstrated 30.5% less shrinkage compared to the control sample. Thus, the results indicate that the mortars containing hydrogel demonstrate satisfactory behavior in both the fresh and hardened state, highlighting its efficiency as a curing agent.
The Training Effect of Virtual Reality Games on Visual Function in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Jeng-Dau , Kuo Hui-Ying , Chan Zih-Syuan , Sun Han-Yin
Published: June 2023

Purpose To investigate the differences in visual function between the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and their controls and to evaluate the training effect by utilizing virtual reality (VR) games.Methods A total of 60 participants aged between 6–13 were recruited. A series of visual function tests, including near point convergence (NPC), phoria in both distance and near, fusional vergence, amplitude of accommodation (AA) and accommodative facility (AF) were applied, and a vision-related questionnaire were also completed. 17 of ADHD children participated in the VR training program and the effect was evaluated pre-and post-training.Results The accommodative facility of the ADHD group were reduced compared to their controls (p = 0.015). The result showed that there were higher CISS scores in ADHD group (p < 0.001) and which was manifest with visual complaints of performance-related symptoms. After 3-months VR games training, significant improvement in NPC (p = 0.039) and a higher proportion of orthophoria was observed in ADHD group.Conclusions There were no significant differences in refractive error, NPC function, amplitude of accommodation and vergence fusional range between ADHD group and the controls, however, accommodative facility was significantly lower in the ADHD patients. In addition, a significant improvement in visual function was found after applying the VR games training to the ADHD children. Therefore, the results showed that VR training is a practical and efficient option to enhance visual function of ADHD population.
Governing the green housing transition in China: an institutional analysis of policy implementation constraints from a market perspective
Authors: Jiang Han , Niu Pu
Published: June 2023

Background:The Chinese government has stated its ambitions to promote a green housing (GH) transition through the articulation and implementation of policies and regulations. However, this state-led GH transition is not straightforward since market responses will greatly influence the extent to which policies are implemented. This research provides a rare perspective on the investigations of the governance capacities of China’s state-led GH transition by exploring how key market actors have responded to the new “rules” in the housing sector.Results:The research gathers primary data from open-ended interviews with eighteen representatives from both state-owned and private real estate enterprises. A range of institutional constraints in relation of China’s GH transition has been found and discussed through the “three levels of institution” analytical framework. These constraints included “state power in decision-making”, “lack of public participation”, “lack of long-term monitoring”, “strong control over land resources” and “High frequency but low efficiency of current GH policies”.Conclusions:Some special applications have been addressed by this research. It has explored the GH transition in the Chinese institutional context by setting out a reflective critique from the market-side perspective. First, it attends to the research gap in which market voices have been overlooked in GH research, while contributing to knowledge in the GH literature in non-liberal contexts. Secondly, through a case study of the GH transition in China, this research has shed light on the application of the NI theory. Moreover, it has assessed how real estate enterprises’ capacity is constrained or enabled by institutional conditions. It, in turn, reflects the institutional characteristics in the governance of GH in China and the institutional capacities of the Chinese government in relation to its environmental governance efforts.
Archaeal LOV domains from Lake Diamante: first functional characterization of an halo-adapted photoreceptor
Authors: Valle Lorena , Coronel Yonathan J. , Bravo Guillermina E. , Albarracín Virginia H. , Farias María Eugenia , Abatedaga Ines
Published: June 2023

High-Altitude Andean Lakes have been described as polyextremophilic environments and plenty photoinduced processes have been documented. Lake Diamante metagenomic taxonomical analysis revealed mostly members from Archaea domain of life. In this context, we searched for Light Oxygen Voltage photoreceptors where 24 of these Archaeal sequences were part of two major groups (A and B) except for 3 domains that did not group even with the reference sequences included for the analysis. Several signatures of halo-adapted proteins were found amongst archaeal sequences, i.e. abundance of acidic residues on the surface, increased number of arginine residues at the expense of lysines and a multiplicity of salt bridges. Heterologous expression of one of these domains, ALovD-1, showed that the photophysics for the dark and the light adapted states was fairly conserved, but most importantly that is a slow cycling type, and a moderate halophilic photoreceptor since it conserves activity at 0.5 M of monovalent salt. This is the first Archaeal LOV domain characterized in the literature to our knowledge.
Application of AI Interactive Device Based on Database Management System in Multidimensional Design of Museum Exhibition Content
Authors: Cai Pengyu , Zhang Kuan , Pan Younghwan
Published: June 2023

In the current digital wave sweeping the world, museums are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. How to adapt to the requirements of the times and use digital technology to more effectively utilize cultural relics resources in the museum collection, display exhibition content more scientifically and reasonably, and disseminate historical and cultural knowledge more widely is an urgent problem that every museum manager needs to solve. This article analyzed the AI (Artificial Intelligence) interactive device of the database management system and explored the digital construction of museums. Based on this, simulation experiments were conducted to analyze the design of museum exhibition content in a multidimensional manner. The experimental results of this article indicated that in the design of multi-dimensional exhibition content, the satisfaction score of the experimental group visitors was 8.92; in terms of voice guidance, visitor satisfaction reached 91.98%; in terms of tourist flow management, the rationality score of personnel allocation in the experimental group was 93; in terms of intelligent recommendation systems, the experimental group achieved a satisfaction rate of 86.62% for personalized needs, which was better than the traditional control group. It showed that the application of AI interactive device based on database management system can optimize many aspects of museum Digital transformation, so as to improve the visiting experience, management efficiency and cultural value transmission.
Molecule Chemistry Inducing Crystallographic Reorientation and Smart Interface to Boost Zinc-Iodine Battery Capacity
Authors: Shimou Chen , Zhao Ming , Lv Yanqun , Wang Zhenhao , Qi Jun , Du Yadong , Ma Yangjun , Yang Qi , Qiu Jieshan
Published: June 2023

Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries (AZIBs) with high theoretical capacities, intrinsic safety, and low cost have been extensively explored as one of next-generation energy storage devices. Nevertheless, in the presence of aqueous electrolytes, AZIBs suffer severe metal corrosion, dendrite growth, and polyiodide shuttling, leading to fast capacity degradation. Here, we report a molecule chemistry strategy by making use of tris(2-cyanoethyl) borate to form a gradient solid electrolyte interface, which dynamically adapts to volume changes and induces even Zn deposits with crystal preferred orientation from (101) to (002) plane, promoting high reversibility and stability of Zn anode. Meanwhile, the molecules adsorbed on the cathode/electrolyte interface can immobilize polyiodide species by the strong interactions and improve conversion kinetics. Benefiting from these advantages, zinc anode exhibits long-term cycling with super-high zinc utilization and superior rate capability at 40 mA cm-2, Zn//I2full cells also achieve ultralong lifespan (>6000 cycles) at large currents and high mass loading. Remarkably, this strategy also enables the normal operation of Cu//I2battery with an energy density of 158 Wh kg-1, thus promoting the practical application of aqueous zinc batteries.
Theoretical study of the binding mechanism between anticancerous drug mercaptopurine and gold nanoparticles using a cluster model
Authors: Huyen Duong Thi , Bui Thanh Q. , Si Nguyen Thanh , Nhat Pham Vu , Quy Phan Tu , Nhung Nguyen Thi Ai
Published: June 2023

Context: Mercaptopurine is known as an effective anti-cancerous medicine yet with serious adverse reactions, thus requiring further attempts to enhance its biological targeting. Small gold clusters Aun with n = 2-10 were used as model reactants to simulate the surface of gold nanoparticles. The computed results show that the drug molecules tend to anchor on the gold clusters at the S atom with the associated binding energies varying from -50 to -34 kcal.mol-1 (in vacuum) and from -42 to -28 kcal.mol-1 (in aqueous solution). Furthermore, the adsorption of the drug onto the gold surface is considered as a reversible process and the mechanism of drug releasing was found to be triggerable by internal factors, such as a pH change or the concentrated presence of thiol amino acids in cancerous protein structures.
Method: Calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were performed to probe the nature of interactions between the drug and gold nanoparticles. Structural features, thermodynamic parameters, bonding characteristics, and electronic properties of the resulting complexes were investigated at the PBE//cc-pVTZ/cc-pVDZ-PP level.
Structural Insights into JAK2 kinase inhibitors Revealed by Molecular Docking, BatchDTA, HelixADMET, Molecular Dynamics and MM-PBSA Studies
Authors: Tang Jialing , Jin Ju , Huang Zhihong , An Faliang , Huang Caiguo , Ye Chen , Jiang Wenli
Published: June 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Barriers to Eye Care in The Klong Toey Community in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Saree-khome Chanida , Somkijrungroj Thanapong , Rattanapong Thanapoom , Kulvichit Kittisak , Varadisai Adisai , Mavichak Apivat , Kongwattananon Wichak , Ferreira Pear Pongsachareonnont
Published: June 2023

Background
Visual impairment and blindness are major public health concerns worldwide, with significantly greater prevalence in low- to middle-income countries. Access to eyecare is limited for impoverished people living in urban slums. Discriminatory public health services persist in urban slums, despite the Thai universal coverage scheme providing free healthcare facilities.
Objective
To study the factors related to accessibility to eyecare among the socioeconomically deprived residents in Klong Toey Community, Bangkok, Thailand
Study Design:
Participants were interviewed and underwent an eye-screening program. The questionnaires included demographic information, socioeconomic background, healthcare coverage scheme, eye problems, eye care accessibility, and the Thai WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Characteristics of eyecare accessibility were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
Results
The study included a total of 313 respondents, of whom female 71.6% and 28.4% were male, with a mean age of 57.67 years, (SD = 0.73). Half of the participants had no access to eyecare (50.1%), with barriers of single status (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI [1.06–3.95]) and self-employed status (aOR = 3.24, 95% CI [ 1.12–9.44]). The barrier of not using the provided eyecare was a personal constraint (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI [1.48–4.73]). Most Klong Toey dwellers reported a fair quality of life according to WHO’s standard (73.4%), and the mean of the WHOQOL-BREF score was 85.82, SD = 0.63.
Conclusions
Half of the people surveyed had limited access to eye care, with restrictions due to single status and self-employed status. The impediment of not using the provided eye care on their matched healthcare coverage scheme was a burden of personal constraint.
Characterization of The Complete Chloroplast Genome and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Trema orientalis L.
Authors: Ibrahim Amira , Alwutayd Khairiah M. , Safhi Fatma Ahmed , Alshegaihi Rana M. , Alqurashi Mohammed , Alyamani Amal , Aloufi Salman , Alharthi Badr , Fayad Eman , El-Moneim Diaa bd
Published: June 2023

This study, T. orientaliswas used as an example to explore chloroplast genome evolution and determine Cannabaceae's phylogenetic relationship using phylogenetic analysis. Comparing six Trema species chloroplast genomes shows that gene order, gene content, and length are highly conserved yet dynamically evolve among species. The whole T. orientalis chloroplast genome is 157,134 bp long with accession number OQ871457 and includes a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,493 bp separated by a small single-copy region of 19,320 bp and a large single-copy region of 86,822 bp. The total content of GC is 36.3%. The chloroplast genome was annotated to include 129 genes, 84 of which code for proteins, 37 for tRNA, and 8 for rRNA. 127 SSRs were found, with the highest concentration in p1 (60), whose length varied from 10 to 16 bp; these areas could serve as foundational molecular markers for the Trema genus. The IRS repeats were found: 17 were forward repeats (F), 25 were palindromic repeats (P), and five were reverse repetitions (R). T. orientalis and T. orientalis (NC _039734.1), with 99 percent similarity, were found in the same group in a phylogenetic analysis of Trema species. IR scope expansion and contraction were also determined and compared with 17 related species in this family. It is the first report of the chloroplast genome of T. orientalis collected from Western Desert, Saudi Arabia, providing an important data reference for future investigations into genetic diversity and plant evolution. Such information based on the complete chloroplast genomes facilitates the evolution of species-specific molecular tools to discriminate T. orientalis.
Fractional solution of the puff model in three dimensional for pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere
Authors: Essa Khaled , Marrouf Ayman A. , Etman Soad , El-Otaify Maha
Published: June 2023

An analytical solution of the three-dimensional fractional time-dependent advection-diffusion equation (ADE) in the puff model is solved. A simple model of the fractional differential equation for an instantaneous emission in non-homogeneous and time-dependent meteorological conditions has been studied. A Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique (GILTT) has been used to solve this problem. A comparison between the proposed model, previous work, and observed concentration from the experiment of Copenhagen is made.
Live feed enrichments using microalgae for pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larval culture
Authors: Yanes-Roca Carlos , Štěrbová K. , Mráz J. , Veselý L. , Malinovskyi O. , Pěnka T. , Masojídek J. , Policar T.
Published: June 2023

This trial aimed to customize pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larval nutrition using live feed enrichments based on Chlorella vulgaris and Trachydiscus minutus. Pikeperch larvae were fed with rotifers and Artemia enriched with Chlorella vulgaris and Trachydiscus minutus during the first 17 days after exogenous feeding (started four days post-hatching (dph)) and only Artemia until 20 dph. Larvae were exposed to seven different enrichments: a) Nannochloropsis occulata (Nanno 3600 reed Mariculture (Control), b) Chlorella vulgaris cultured at 20°C in BG-117 medium (BG20), c) Chlorella vulgaris cultured at 30°C in BG-117 medium (BG30), d) Trachydiscus minutus cultured at 15°C (T15), e) Trachydiscus minutus cultured at 25°C (T25). f) Chlorella vulgaris cultured at 20°C in Urea medium (U20), and g) Chlorella vulgaris cultured at 30°C in Urea medium (U30). After 20 days, no significant differences were found between treatments on total length (TL), standard length (SL), myomere height (MH), and eye diameter (ED). On the contrary, significant differences were found in larval fatty acid composition after the trial period. Larvae from the BG30 treatment showed a significantly higher concentration of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (5.61%), and larvae from the T25 treatment had a higher concentration of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)12,95%. Furthermore, larvae from the U20 treatment had a significantly higher Arachidonic acid concentration (ARA) of 0.116%. Overall, regarding Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) concentration, a significant difference was observed between the control treatment (Nannochloropsis) and the other treatments. No adverse effects were found on growth or survival when Nannochloropsis enriched live feed was replaced with the other enrichments. This trial's results will help optimize the pikeperch larvae's nutritional requirements and diversify the live feed enrichments used during the first feeding.
Development of an Automated Method for Flood Inundation Monitoring, Flood Hazard and Soil Erosion Susceptibility Assessment Using Machine Learning and AHP-MCE Techniques
Authors: Prakash A Jaya , Begum Sazeda , Vilímek Vít , Mudi Sujoy , Das Pulakesh
Published: June 2023

Operational large-scale flood monitoring using publicly available satellite data is possible with the advent of Sentinel-1 microwave data, which enables near-real-time (at 6-day intervals) flood mapping day and night, even in cloudy monsoon seasons. Automated flood inundation area identification in near-real-time involves advanced geospatial data processing platforms such as Google Earth Engine (GEE) and robust methodology (Otsu’s algorithm). The current study employs the Sentinel-1 microwave data for flood extent mapping using machine learning (ML) algorithms in Assam state, India. We generated a flood hazard and soil erosion susceptibility map by combining multi-source data on weather conditions and soil and terrain characteristics. Random Forest (RF), Classification and Regression Tool (CART) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) ML algorithms were applied to generate the flood hazard map. The highest prediction accuracy was observed for the RF model (overall accuracy [OA]: > 82%), followed by the SVM (OA > 82%) and CART (OA > 81%). Further, we employed the multicriteria evaluation (MCE) analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for soil erosion susceptibility mapping. Over 26% of the study area indicated high flood hazard-prone areas, and about 60% showed a high and severe potential for soil erosion due to flooding. The automated flood mapping platform is an essential resource for emergency responders and decision-makers, as they help to guide relief activities by identifying suitable regions and appropriate logistic route planning and improving the accuracy and timeliness of emergency response efforts. The periodic flood inundation maps will help in long-term planning and policymaking, flood management, soil and biodiversity conservation, land degradation, planning sustainable agriculture interventions, crop insurance, climate resilience studies, etc.
Prevalence of helmintic infections in Brazilian Maxakali indigenous: A repeated cross-sectional design
Authors: Nacife Maria Beatriz Pena e Silva Leite , Siqueira Liliane Maria Vidal , Barbosa Keila Furbino , Vianna Valeska Natiely , Masioli Cássio Zumerle , Silva Jaime Costa , Zicker Fábio , Coelho Paulo Marcos Zech , Katz Naftale , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins
Published: June 2023

Background
The prevalence of intestinal parasites is known to be high among Amerindian populations; further, there are serious problems in the healthcare of these populations in Brazil. The Maxakali, located in the northeastern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is an indigenous group that still preserves many of its cultural aspects. This study aimed to compare the positivity rate of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in this ethnic group in epidemiological surveys conducted in 1972 and 2014.
Methods
Stool parasitological examinations were performed by the Kato-Katz technique during both periods in this population. In 2014, the parasitological diagnosis was also realized with the TF-Test® technique.
Results
In 1972, 270 inhabitants were examined. The positivity rates were 67.4% for Schistosoma mansoni, 72.9% for hookworms, 43.7% for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 23.7% for Trichuris trichiura. In 2014, 545 individuals were examined, and the positivity rates obtained were 45.7% for S. mansoni, 22.8% for hookworms, 0.6% for A. lumbricoides, and 2.8% for T. trichiura.
Conclusions
The comparison of the parasitological surveys conducted in 1972 and 2014, indicates that the indigenous Maxakali remained neglected by the health and indigenous protection authorities during these four decades. The infection rate observed in 2014 for schistosomiasis and hookworm remains high, considering the current epidemiological view of these diseases in the Brazilian population.
Passive Monitoring of Crowd-Level Cough Counts in Waiting Areas produces Reliable Syndromic Indicator for Total COVID-19 Burden in a Hospital Emergency Clinic
Authors: Rahman Tauhidur , Hossain Forsad , Tonmoy Tanjid Hasan , Nuvvula Sri , Chapman Brittany P , Gupta Rajesh , Lover Andrew , Dinglasan Rhoel , Carreiro Stephanie
Published: June 2023

Syndromic surveillance is an effective tool for enabling the timely detection of infectious disease outbreaks and facilitating the implementation of effective mitigation strategies by public health authorities. While various information sources are currently utilized to collect syndromic signal data for analysis, the aggregated measurement of cough, an important symptom for many illnesses, is not widely employed as a syndromic signal. With recent advancements in ubiquitous sensing technologies, it becomes feasible to continuously measure population-level cough incidence in a contactless, unobtrusive, and automated manner. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of monitoring aggregated cough count as a syndromic indicator to estimate COVID-19 cases. In our study, we deployed a sensor-based platform Syndromic Logger in the emergency room of a large hospital. The platform captured syndromic signals from audio, thermal imaging, and radar, while the ground truth data were collected from the hospital's electronic health record. Our analysis revealed a significant correlation between the aggregated cough count and positive COVID-19 cases in the hospital (Pearson correlation of 0.40, p-value < 0.001). Notably, this correlation was higher than that observed with the number of individuals presenting with fever (Pearson correlation of 0.22, p=0.04), a widely used syndromic signal and screening tool for such diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the data obtained from our Syndromic Logger platform could be leveraged to estimate various COVID-19-related statistics using multiple modeling approaches. Our findings highlight the efficacy of aggregated cough count as a valuable syndromic indicator associated with the occurrence of COVID-19 cases. Incorporating this signal into syndromic surveillance systems for such diseases can significantly enhance overall resilience against future public health challenges, such as emerging disease outbreaks or pandemics.
The Impact of Digitization on Economic Activity in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Emiru Tilahun , Wajebo Temesgen
Published: June 2023

The digital economy has emerged as a crucial driver of global economic growth, benefiting countries with well-developed information and communication infrastructure. Despite the growing adoption of digitization in Sub-Saharan Africa, the impact on income levels and economic growth remains understudied. This study aims to investigate the impact of digitization on economic activity in Africa Utilizing a two-stages least squares (2SLS) approach on an unbalanced panel data of 33 African countries from 1996 to 2019, the study finds a statistically significant effect of digitization on GDP per capita. Specifically, an increase in the digitization index by one point is associated with a 2.37% increase in GDP per capita. The research delves into the various transmission mechanisms through which digitization can influence economic growth and income levels, providing valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders.
JEL Classification: O11, O30, O47, O55
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Authors: Sema Endalamaw Abatyihun , Yesigat Simachew Gashaye , Dememe Belachew Zerihun
Published: June 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Integration of the participative dimension in the design space exploration decision-making model for the design of social innovation in the energy sector
Authors: Basma SAMIR , Audrey ABI AKLE , Iban LIZARRALDE , Michael HAMWI
Published: June 2023

The energy sector is undergoing a major shift towards sustainable and socially responsible solutions, which requires the development of new ideas, methods and technologies that prioritize environmental sustainability, social justice, and community participation. Designing social innovations in this complex sector requires informed decisions that consider different criteria and trade-offs. To answer this question, we propose a decision-making approach based on design space exploration method that involves the categorization of the design parameters of social innovations in the energy sector under four dimensions : environmental, economic, social, and participative. In this paper, we focus on the participative dimension of design parameters that allows the consideration of citizens’ engagement and acceptance from the preliminary phases of the design process. The fuzzy method is used to simulate this dimension. Finally, the model integrates the parameters of the 4 dimensions that define social innovation and generates possible and optimal solutions basing on MOGA II genetic algorithm. We used the example of a solar self-consumption system to illustrate and validate the proposed approach. The use case is described and visualization techniques, such as correlation matrices, parallel coordinate plots, and bubble plots, were generated to display design space and optimal design solutions. This provides designers with a comprehensive framework for exploring the design space and making trade-offs that facilitate the design of successful social innovations in the energy sector.
CNN-based vane-type Vortex Generator modelling
Authors: Portal-Porras Koldo , Fernandez-Gamiz Unai , Zulueta Ekaitz , Garcia-Fernandez Roberto , Zulueta Asier
Published: June 2023

The simplicity and accuracy of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools have made them the most widely used method for solving fluid dynamics problems. However, these tools have some limitations, being the most significant the required computational resources. This fact, added to the growth of the Artificial Intelligence, has led to an increasing number of studies using data-driven methods to solve fluid dynamic problems. Flow control devices are a very popular research topic, since their implementation can significantly improve the behavior of the flow. Among these devices, Vortex Generators (VGs) can be highlighted for their simplicity, efficiency and numerous applications. In this study, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed to predict the flow behavior on the wake behind VGs. In order to obtain data for training the network, 20 different CFD simulations were conducted, considering the same inflow conditions but different vane heights and angles of attack of the VGs. The results show that the CNN is able to accurately predict the velocity and vorticity fields on the wake of the VG, being the most conflictive cases the ones with tall VGs, large angles of attack and close distances to the VGs. Additionally, the vortical structure, vortex path and velocity profiles on the vortex core of the main vortex are evaluated, showing good agreements with CFD results.
Labor Ethics Study on the Employment Substitution Effect of AI - Based on the Perspective of Changes in Logistics Work
Authors: Chen Snow , Wei Xinwan , Jin Yuhan , Wang Jing , Ma Xuan , Zhou E , Deng Peihua
Published: June 2023

Platform employers often have non-traditional labor relations, with labor flexibility and part-time work providing workers with a certain degree of freedom. However, the introduction of AI algorithms into these platforms has disrupted traditional workflows and altered work intensity, giving rise to the so-called "gig economy." This new economy has also brought with it a series of labor ethics issues, including the dispersion of employee rights, conflicts between labor and capital due to digital exploitation, shortened career paths, and mismatches between labor and contributions. This study employs structural equation modeling to investigate the impact of AI on labor ethics in flexible employment. Specifically, four variables are examined to assess the extent to which AI is being used to replace human labor. Labor ethics is evaluated through three dimensions, including labor alienation, labor relations, and job transfer. These dimensions are used to gauge changes in labor ethics. Ultimately, the study seeks to establish a structural equation model that sheds light on the labor ethics issues that arise as a result of the substitution of AI for human labor in flexible employment.
The illusion of competence reflected in grade predictions and utility of learning strategies
Authors: Kang Echeol
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to test the illusion of competence by analyzing the effects of students’ expected examination scores and the utility of the learning strategies that students use on their actual exam scores. Expected and actual midterm and final exam scores for 105 students in a course for secondary preservice teachers showed negative correlations that confirmed the bidirectional nature of the Dunning-Kruger effect, which is the phenomenon in which people’s estimates of their performance on tasks tend to be inversely proportional to their actual performance, i.e., people who estimate that their performance will be the best perform worse, and vice versa. Students’ knowledge of their actual midterm exam scores had a significant influence on their expected final exam results, in that they made more objective and reliable judgments of their competence for their final exam scores. The utility of the learning strategies that the students used correlated positively with expected scores, but negatively with actual scores. Both the effect of expected score and the effect of learning strategy on actual score were negative, but learning strategy utility had a greater impact than did expected score. The findings of this study confirm previous study results of an illusion of student competence between individuals’ expected and actual task performance, and add that studying using learning strategies of low utility has negative impacts on actual performance.
Linear determinacy on the propagation phenomena of the Lotka-Volterra competition system
Authors: XIAO Dongyuan , WU Chang-Hon , Zhou Maolin
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we mainly consider the speed selection problem for the classical Lotka-Volterra competition system. We propose a sufficient and necessary condition for this long-standing problem, which reveals the essence of linearly selected problem for monostable dynamical system. Moreover, by expanding the common parameter range, our result allows us to obtain a complete observation on the transition phenomenon between linear and nonlinear speed selection.
AMS Subject Classifications: 35K57 (Reaction-diffusion equations), 35B40 (Asymptotic behavior of solutions).
Optimizing Marketing Decisions Through a Structured Decision-Making Model Based on Marketing Engineering Principles
Authors: Hajisafi Amir
Published: June 2023

Effective marketing decision-making benefits from a rigorous, data-driven process that systematically evaluates alternatives based on insights and analysis. This study develops and evaluates a 5-stage decision-making process model integrating marketing engineering principles aimed to optimize marketing decisions. An experiment randomized 150 participants into groups following either the proposed model or an unaided approach. Results indicate the model-following group achieved significantly higher ROI from marketing decisions (19.3% vs 16.4%) and employed key elements like customer segmentation, experimentation, and optimization to a greater extent. However, limitations including the experiment's scenario, self-report measures, and cross-sectional design constrain implications. Future research employing probability sampling, multiple decision contexts, longitudinal designs, manipulation checks, and objective metrics can further validate the proposed model. Overall, the study advances the understanding of how structured decision processes based on marketing engineering principles may optimize marketing decisions and outcomes.
JEL Classification: M30, M31, M37, M10, M16, M21, Z33, L10, L22, C61
Gastrointestinal Quality of Life and Bowel Function in Adults Born With Anorectal Malformation and Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Wehrli Lea A. , Reppucci Marina L. , Torre Luis De La , Ketzer Jill , Rieck Jared M. , Cooper Emily H. , Judd-Glossy Laura , Peña Alberto , Bischoff Andrea
Published: June 2023

Purpose
To assess the quality of life and disease-specific functioning of adults with anorectal malformations (ARM) or Hirschsprung disease (HD) compared to healthy reference scores.
Methods
Patients with the diagnosis of ARM or HD from the Adult Colorectal Research Registry completed the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQoLI), and the Bowel Function Score (BFS) between October 2019 and August 2022. One-sample Wilcoxon test compared the results to reported healthy references with a significance level of < 0.05.
Results
The response rate was 67%. All three surveys were completed by 133 adults with a slight preponderance of males (51%). Median age was 31 years, 117 were born with ARM and 16 with HD. All subgroups had significantly lower BFS than healthy references. ARM patients scored significantly lower than the healthy reference population when assessed for GIQoL. All showed significant impairment with the mental component summary (MCS) of SF-36. Patients with a successful bowel management had significantly higher scores on all three questionnaires than those with fecal accidents.
Conclusion
Our results emphasize the importance of a successful bowel management and its impact on the quality of life and bowel function. Long-term follow-up is recommended with attention to mental health.
The Effect of Strabismus Surgery on the Dynamic Balance in Children With Strabismus
Authors: Çapar Serpil Hülya , Karaman Emin , Kara Eyyup , Çapar Olgu , Ahmet Sibel , Kara Halide Çetin , Çakır Akın , Gökyiğit Birsen , Ataş Ahmet
Published: June 2023

Purpose
To evaluate the effect of strabismus surgery on the dynamic balance by using computerized dynamic posturography in children with strabismus.
Methods
This study was designed as a prospective observational study. Hearing test and complete ophthalmological examinations were performed for all subjects. Patients with moderate and severe amblyopia, hearing loss at any level and/or any suspicion of balance impairment were excluded from the study. Postural stability evaluation was performed by computerized dynamic posturography including sensory organization test, adaptation test and rhythmic weight shift test. All tests were applied preoperatively and in the postoperative 1st and 3rd months respectively.
Results
Fifteen female and 12 male pre-adolescents aged between 7–12 (9.67 ± 1.62 years) were included in the current study. In the sensory organization test, the preoperative visual ratio percentages (73.19 ± 14.95%) improved statistically significantly at the postoperative 1st and 3rd months (78.59 ± 16.21% and 81,44 ± 14,18; p = 0.026, p = 0.021, respectively). The preoperative toes up (110,66 ± 33,48) and toes down (81,46 ± 28,36) adaptation tests improved statistically significantly at the postoperative 3rd month (88,74 ± 20,94 and 63,36 ± 16,03; p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). In Rhythmic Weight Shift test, the postoperative 3rd month directional control (forward-backward) value (74.25 ± 11.51%) was statistically significantly higher compared to the preoperative directional control (forward-backward) value (67.76 ± 11.38%) (p = 0.011). The postoperative 3rd month directional control (forward-backward) value (74.25 ± 11.51%) was statistically significantly higher compared to the postoperative 1st month directional control (forward-backward) value (68.43 ± 14.00%) (p = 0.028).
Conclusion
Surgical treatment resulted in an improvement in the maintenance of dynamic balance in children with strabismus.