bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal maternal stress and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Manzari Nicla , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Baldoni Franco , O'Keeffe Gerard W. , Khashan Ali
Published: February 2019

Background: Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) is defined as the experience of significant levels of prenatal stress, depression or anxiety during pregnancy. PNMS has been associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in exposed offspring. However, these findings are inconsistent and other studies found no association, meaning a clear consensus on the impact of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk is required. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize and critically review the existing literature on the effects of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk.

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE) will be searched for articles following a detailed search strategy. We will include cohort and case-control studies that assessed maternal exposure to psychological and/or environmental stress and had ASD or ADHD as an outcome. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and full articles to identify eligible studies. We will use a standardised data extraction form for extracting data and a bias classification tool for assessing study quality. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The generic inverse variance method will be used if possible to perform meta-analyses.

Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this study because it will not involve the conduct or inclusion of any experimental or personal data that would require informed consent.  The systematic review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018084222.
Metric partnerships: global burden of disease estimates within the World Bank, the World Health Organisation and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Authors: Tichenor Marlee , Sridhar Devi
Published: February 2019

The global burden of disease study—which has been affiliated with the World Bank and the World Health Organisation (WHO) and is now housed in the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)—has become a very important tool to global health governance since it was first published in the 1993 World Development Report. In this article, based on literature review of primary and secondary sources as well as field notes from public events, we present first a summary of the origins and evolution of the GBD over the past 25 years. We then analyse two illustrative examples of estimates and the ways in which they gloss over the assumptions and knowledge gaps in their production, highlighting the importance of historical context by country and by disease in the quality of health data. Finally, we delve into the question of the end users of these estimates and the tensions that lie at the heart of producing estimates of local, national, and global burdens of disease. These tensions bring to light the different institutional ethics and motivations of IHME, WHO, and the World Bank, and they draw our attention to the importance of estimate methodologies in representing problems and their solutions in global health. With the rise in the investment in and the power of global health estimates, the question of representing global health problems becomes ever more entangled in decisions made about how to adjust reported numbers and to evolving statistical science. Ultimately, more work needs to be done to create evidence that is relevant and meaningful on country and district levels, which means shifting resources and support for quantitative—and qualitative—data production, analysis, and synthesis to countries that are the targeted beneficiaries of such global health estimates.
Effects of Rescheduling on Patient No-Show Behavior in Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Xie Jingui , Yang Kum Khiong , Zheng Zhichao
Published: February 2019

We study the effects of rescheduling on no-show behavior in an outpatient appointment system for both new and follow-up patients. Previous literature has primarily focused on new patients and investigated the role of waiting time on no-show probability. We offer a more nuanced understanding of this costly phenomenon. Using comprehensive clinical data, we demonstrate that for follow-up patients, their no-show probability decreases by 10.9 percentage points if their appointments were rescheduled at their own request, but increases by 6.2 percentage points if they were rescheduled by the clinic. New patients, in contrast, are less sensitive to who initiates rescheduling. Their no-show probability decreases by 2.3 percentage points if their appointments were rescheduled at their own request, and increases by 3.2 percentage points—but is statistically insignificant at the 10% level—if they were rescheduled by the clinic. New patients are more concerned about waiting time compared with follow-up patients. For patients whose appointments were not rescheduled, new patients’ no-show probability decreases by 1.3 percentage points if their waiting time is reduced by one week, but the waiting time has a small and statistically insignificant effect on follow-up patients’ no-show probability. Using data-driven simulation, we conduct counterfactual investigation of the impact of allowing active rescheduling on the performance of appointment systems. In particular, allowing the flexibility of patient rescheduling can reduce the overall no-show rate and increase system utilization, but at a cost of increased wait time for new patients. If patients are able to reschedule at least one week in advance, new patients’ wait time is largely reduced, whereas the no-show rate remains the same; this is equivalent to the effect of a 5% increase in the clinic’s capacity.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Aortoesophageal Fistula after Covered Rupture of Aortic Homograft
Authors: Nozdrzykowski Michal , Garbade Jens , Leinung Steffen , Schmidt Andrej , Mohr Friedrich-Wilhelm , Borger Michael
Published: February 2019

A 63-year-old woman underwent replacement of the aortic root, ascending aorta, and partial arch due to Type A aortic dissection. Shortly thereafter, a replacement of the distal aortic arch and descending aorta was performed. Three years later, the patient developed an aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) resulting in re-replacement of the distal aortic arch and proximal descending aorta with a cryopreserved aortic homograft. Six weeks post-discharge, the patient was readmitted due to recurrent AEF. A thoracic endovascular stent graft was implanted to cover the aortic rupture, followed by correction of an esophageal lesion. The patient was monitored closely over time.
A potência da universidade como espaço de construção de si e de um agir sobre o mundo
Authors: Blanc Manuela Vieira , Souza Barbara Vitor de Aquino e
Published: February 2019

Resumo: Este trabalho busca, a partir de uma problematização acerca dos atravessamentos neoliberais nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e da análise de dados obtidos em duas pesquisas, realizadas individualmente por suas autoras, refletir sobre a potência da universidade como espaço de construção de si, contexto de subjetivação e de atuação política. O destaque que a educação superior tem nesse cenário neoliberal é pontuado por atravessamentos de crises, conflitos e contradições. Deste modo, a Universidade acaba não dando conta de exercer o seu papel na formação de cidadãos. Ao mesmo tempo, os dados aqui analisados apontam que no cotidiano de convívio entre os estudantes e com as suas IESs o potencial de ampliação da experiência universitária se consolida, potencializa e extravasa.
Egg consumption in pregnancy and infancy: Advice has changed
Authors: Gray Juliet
Published: February 2019

The UK government has now revised its advice on the safety of eggs for vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, infants and young children, confirming that they are safe to eat ‘runny’ or even raw, provided they are British Lion eggs. The government's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) has also re-confirmed that eggs can be introduced from around 6 months when complementary feeding begins, despite their allergenic potential. Furthermore, it suggests that deliberate exclusion or delays in introducing eggs beyond 6–12 months may increase the risk of egg allergy. This article discusses the revised recommendations in more detail and sets the SACN recommendations in the context of developing research on egg allergy. It compares advice on egg consumption for non-atopic and high-risk infants in the UK, the US and Australia, and examines the evidence on the influence of maternal diet during lactation on the risks of infant egg allergy. Finally, it provides an update on the nutritional benefits of eggs for pregnant women, infants and young children, including new research on critical but lesser known nutrients such as iodine and choline, with consideration of the suitability of eggs in baby-led weaning.
Nutrient Mass Balance and Fate in Dairy Cattle Lots with Different Surface Materials
Authors: Vadas Peter A. , Powell J. Mark
Published: February 2019

Abstract.

On dairy farms, outdoor lots where cows spend substantial time can be areas of high nutrient deposition in manure. This represents an inefficient use of farm nutrients, if the nutrients are not recovered, and a potential for nutrient loss to the environment. Management of barnyards to recover nutrients can have environmental and production benefits. We monitored nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fate for five years in dairy heifer barnyard plots constructed with soil, sand, or bark mulch surfaces. The plots were stocked with heifers several times per year for about a week at a time. We monitored N and P loss in runoff (soil plots only), leachate, and gas emissions. Of the total N inputs to the plots through heifer excretion, 6% to 8% of inputs were lost in runoff (~2%), leachate (~3% to 4%), and gas emissions (~3% to 4%) from the soil and mulch plots. Most of the N inputs remained in the surface materials. For the sand plots, more N inputs were lost in leachate (~13%) and gas emissions (~6%), but most of the N remained in the surface material. Of total P inputs to the plots through heifer excretion, 4% to 6% of inputs were lost in runoff and leachate, with most of the P remaining in the surface materials. The results suggest that most of the nutrients deposited by heifers onto barnyards could be recovered and used as fertilizer for crop growth by excavating the surface materials and spreading them on cropland, by including animal holding areas in land used for crop rotation so crops can recover nutrients , or by corralling animals directly on cropland. Keywords: Barnyards, Cattle, Leaching, Nutrients, Runoff.
Evaluating RZWQM2-CERES-Maize and Water Production Functions for Predicting Irrigated Maize Yield and Biomass in Eastern Colorado
Authors: Sima Nathan Q. , Andales Allan A. , Harmel R. Daren , Ma Liwang , Trout Thomas J.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Complex crop models have been developed to simulate the interactions among biophysical processes and to extend experimental results beyond the local soil and climate conditions. However, in-depth studies on a model’s capability to predict crop growth under different conditions are sparse, and the question of whether a crop model outperforms a simple water production function (WPF) has not been answered. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive ability of a complex crop model with simple WPFs for yield and biomass estimation at three sites (Greeley, Fort Collins, and Akron) in eastern Colorado. Specifically, the CERES-Maize crop model in the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2), which has been applied extensively in eastern Colorado for simulating maize growth, was compared to crop WPFs based on irrigation and rainfall amounts during growing seasons. Results showed that the predictive ability of CERES-Maize depended on which datasets were used for model parameterization, and that WPFs in general performed as good as or better than CERES-Maize based on a modified F-test after considering experimental uncertainties. The ability of CERES-Maize and the WPF derived from Greeley (2008-2011) to predict maize yield in Greeley (2012-2013), Fort Collins (2006-2010), and Akron (1984-1986) depended on year and site. WPFs outperformed CERES-Maize for Greeley (2012-2013) and Fort Collins (2006-2010) but performed similarly for Akron (1984-1986). This study also identified the need to improve crop model responses to water stress, especially at different growth stages, for cropping systems models to be adequate for estimating the impacts of irrigation management on yield. Ultimately, the choice between the use of a complex crop model and a simpler WPF depends on the purpose of the user and the required accuracy. Keywords: Biomass, CERES-Maize, DSSAT, Grain yield, Irrigation management, RZWQM, Water production function.
El espectáculo fronterizo de la “victimización” del migrante
Authors: Genova Nicholas de
Published: February 2019

No hay nada evidente por sí mismo respecto de la migración «ilegal». Cuando las fronteras se convierten en el espectáculo de la muerte de los migrantes, los discursos de su «victimización» a mano de los «contrabandistas» nos distraen de las verdaderas causas de la ilegalización de los migrantes. Este breve ensayo descubre y visibiliza el espectáculo fronterizo que vigila, controla y determina la aceptación o rechazo de los migrantes. Esta situación – dentro del marco de secutirización de las fronteras – deja vulnerables a los migrantes, haciéndolos pasibles de ser explotados en la sociedad receptora. Esa situación contribuye también a la contribuye a la racialización de los migrantes.

Palabras clave: Espectáculo fronterizo, victimización de migrantes, securitización, control de fronteras, migraciones.
Extranjeros bajo la lupa: La figura del «falso turista» en Argentina
Authors: Baiadera Angélica Alvites
Published: February 2019

El artículo analiza la categoría estatal denominada «Falso Turista» (FT) en Argentina. Para esto, desde una metodología cualitativa, se realiza un análisis documental que permite reconstruir las condiciones de emergencia y desarrollo sobre cómo el Estado define, clasifica e interviene en sus políticas de ingreso y rechazo en frontera en particular a partir del FT. La principal conclusión del artículo radica en comprender que la aplicación del FT no tiene por objetivo el cierre total de la frontera o el rechazo de todos los sujetos que se mueven sino una gestión diferencial de las circulaciones, una vigilancia orientada y selectiva para separar los sujetos «deseables» de los «indeseables», en base a su potencial comportamiento futuro en destino.

Palabras clave: Migraciones internacionales, Políticas de frontera, Falso turista, Argentina
Le rôle du grenier collectif (Tighremt) dans le développement durable: Le cas du Douar Assersa dans la CR Ouisselsate
Authors: Baba Dr. Aomar
Published: February 2019

Le grenier collectif fait partie par excellence du patrimoine culturel des populations rurales. C’est en ce sens qu’il jouait dans le passé plusieurs fonctions sociales et culturelles dans le territoire local. C’est ainsi qu’il est considéré par les acteurs locaux comme un espace reflétant et exprimant différents types de solidarités sociales et notamment « la solidarité mécanique » selon la notion empruntée à Emile Durkheim qui caractérisait les organisations sociales traditionnelles. Après la rénovation et l’aménagement de cet espace par les populations du douar Asserssa à la suite d’une demande de financement en partenariat adressée à l’INDH par l’association locale, nous nous demandons si ce grenier collectif accomplissait les mêmes fonctions ou si il en a d’autres à savoir la création d’une dynamique de développement local à travers son attraction touristique, quelles sont les activités économiques et culturelles mises en oeuvre dans cet espace et quel est leur impact sur le développement durable au niveau du douar en particulier et de la commune en général.
Développement d’un écosystème territorial d’innovation sociale dans les zones touristiques vulnérables au Maroc: Cas des territoires oasiens
Authors: Askour Dr. Khadija
Published: February 2019

La vulnérabilité des espaces oasiens au Maroc interpelle les pouvoirs publics sur les alternatives possibles pour un développement territorial durable. Le programme oasis du Tafilalt (POT) initié par le département de l’Aménagement du Territoire en partenariat avec le PNUD s’inscri dans cette perspective, et propose une démarche de valorisation des filières productives autour de la promotion du produit de terroir. Deux éléments essentiels fondent cette approche à savoir la coopération des acteurs et l’existence de ressources territoriales. Au niveau des Oasis, la datte représente la base du développement. Généralement, la valorisation des produits de terroir permet aux territoires « pauvres » ruraux, de sortir de leur marasme économique. L’agriculturede terroir représente un moyen privilégié d’augmentation du revenu chez l’habitant rural. Elle permet, de même, la diminution de l’exode rural en maintenant les populations locales sur place, et la sauvegarde des savoirfaire locaux. Dans une démarche d’économie solidaire, ce travail de réflexion propose detraiter la problématique du développement des solidarités productives et des solutions innovantes aux problèmes locaux. S’inscrivant dans l’approchemarshallienne des districts industriels et des SPL à la française, l’objectif est notamment d’interroger la pertinence de la démarche de coopération proposée par le projet oasis, de conceptualiser l’approche adoptée et d’en définir les modes d’appropriation par les acteurs locaux.
The Golden Age of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects (Old and News)
Authors: Giovannelli F. , Sabau-Graziati L.
Published: February 2019

In this paper we review cataclysmic variables (CVs) discussing several hot points about the renewing interest of today astrophysics about these sources. We will briefly discuss also about classical and recurrent novae, as well as the intriguing problem of progenitors of the Type Ia supernovae. This paper is an extended and updated version of the review by Giovannelli (2008). Because of limited length of the paper and our knowledge, this review does not pretend to be complete. However, we would like to demonstrate that the improvement on knowledge of the physics of our Universe is strictly related also with the multifrequency behaviour of CVs, which apparently in the recent past lost to have a leading position in modern astrophysics.
Páginas Preliminares
Authors: García Ramos Lucy Esther
Published: February 2019

Cuerpo editorial y contenido de la revista
Ensayo dinámico axial en probetas cilíndricas entalladas para medir el comportamiento a fatiga en mezclas asfálticas
Authors: Mardones Parra Luis , Valdés Vidal Gonzalo , Sánchez Alonso Elsa
Published: February 2019

La fisuración por fatiga es uno de los mecanismos de deterioro más comunes en las estructuras de pavimentos. Este fenómeno está asociado al deterioro generado como consecuencia de la aplicación de cargas repetitivas cuya magnitud de carga es inferior a la resistencia máxima admisible que puede soportar el material. Por lo mismo, la aplicación continua de las cargas generadas por la acción del tránsito, dan lugar a un progresivo deterioro de las capas del pavimento. En la actualidad, existen distintas metodologías que permiten predecir la fisuración por fatiga, pero un gran número de estas se caracterizan por ser procedimientos complejos, y en muchas ocasiones no se garantizan la falla de algunos tipos de mezclas y/o no relacionan las condiciones de carga aplicadas con las sufridas en el pavimento. Es por esto, que el desarrollo de ensayos efectivos es fundamental para comprender el comportamiento frente a la falla por fatiga de las mezclas asfálticas. En este contexto, el artículo presentado tiene como objetivo principal proponer una metodología de ensayo para evaluar la fisuración por fatiga por medio del uso una probeta cilíndrica entallada. El método propuesto permite la reproducción del estado tensional del pavimento, evitando la disipación de esfuerzos, concentrando las tensiones en la zona intermedia de la probeta, previamente entallada. Para este procedimiento propuesto, se evaluaron tres tipos de áridos para una mezcla semidensa usualmente utilizada en capas de rodadura, determinándose las leyes de fatiga para cada mezcla. Además, se presenta un análisis de durabilidad de las mezclas evaluadas.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PEMANENAN AIR HUJAN (RAIN WATER HARVESTING) BADAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Abadi Debby Rinata , Kismartini Kismartini , Sundarso Sundarso
Published: February 2019

The formulation of climate change impacts in Semarang produced five major issues:  flooding, tidal flood, landslides, drought and outbreaks of infectious diseases. Rain Water Harvesting Program implemented by Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 12 in 2009 was an attempt by Semarang government for adaptation to climate change. This evaluation aims to determine the results of the implementation and the factors that affect the implementation of the program. The results can be seen through the implementation of an evaluation process based on the Model Evaluation System Analysis in inputs, processes and outputs Based on Suitability Model by David C. Korten factors that support and hinder namely compatibility between programs with beneficiaries, the fit between programs by implementing organizations and the fit between user groups with the implementing organization. Based on the existing obstacles in the implementation of the Program Harvesting Rain Water Environment Agency of Semarang, the authors give a recommendation either: (1) changes in socialization patterns, (2) not only focus on physical development but the socialization benefits of using rainwater, (3) improving access to information for community, (4) make scientific criteria for target groups, (5) integrated with IMB licensing requirements.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENATAAN, PEMBINAAN DAN PENGAWASAN TOKO MODERN DI KECAMATAN KAJEN KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Setiawan Edi , Astuti Retno Sunu
Published: February 2019

Modern Stores in Kajen Subdistrict increase rapidly in terms of numbers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Implementation of The Modern Store Management, Guidance and Supervision Policy in Kajen Sub District, Pekalongan Regency and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors of the Implementation of the Policy. This study uses a qualitative approach, with the analysis of the policy implementatioin of the 5 C Protocol Adil Najam Model. The location of the study in Kajen Sub District. Modern Store policy implementation in Kajen Subdistrict seen from the arrangement (1) has referred to the RTRW Regional Regulation, but there is no legal protection of the Kajen Sub District RDTR and Zoning Arrangement (2) Not all of the Modern Stores construction has IUTM, not all meet the distance requirement and the stores was built at one side of the same road. The Implementation when viewed from the coaching side (1) The OPD coaching executor newly focuses on the Modern Stores Networking, (2) Partnerships with SMEs are not much connected yet, only implemented by Non-Networked Modern Stores. The Implementation when viewed from supervision (1) There is no reporting from the Modern Stores (2) There is no firmness in enforcement of the Perda. The supporting factors of the implementation of the policy are (1) the clarity of the implementers of the implementation and the authority, (2) the existence of a legal protection ranging from local regulations, regent regulation, Service standard, SOP, (3) conducive environmental conditions between the Modern Market and the traditional stores, while the inhibitor factors include (1) weak coordination of the policy implementors, (2) limited personnel lacking firmness in law enforcement, (3) no firmness in enforcement of rules, (4) low awareness of Modern Stores in managing Modern Store Business Licenses (IUTM) (5) limited public understanding of policy. The suggestions that I can convey are (1) need more intensive guidance (2) strengthening of SMEs (3) improving coordination (4) need to increase capacity and motivation for implementing policy implementation (5) need further research related to content from the Modern Store Policy
Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri asam laktat dari pangan fermentasi berbasis ikan (Inasua) yang diperjualbelikan di Maluku-Indonesia
Authors: Putri Adde Lolita , Kusdiyantini Endang
Published: February 2019

Lactic acid bacteria are beneficial bacteria for the health of the body by improving the balance of the intestinal microflora. Lactic acid bacteria can generally be isolated from fermented foods, fruits, vegetables and meat. Inasua is a traditional fermented fish product originating from Central Maluku (Teon, Nila and Serua islands) wherein the fermentation process is carried out at room temperature for a certain time. The purpose of this study was isolation and identification based on the morphological characteristics of lactic acid bacteria in inasua. Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria was carried out using the pour plate method and the streak method on the media de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar (MRSA) and Nutrient Agar media. The culture was incubated at 370C for 48 hours. The growing colonies were observed for morphological characteristics and GRAM staining of bacteria was carried out. The results of isolation of BAL from inasua in the media de Man, Ragosa and Sharpe Agar (MRSA) + CaCO3 obtained 4 bacterial isolates, namely INS-A1, INS-A2, INS-A3 and INS-A4 and only 2 isolates that have the characteristics of positive GRAM with Bacillus forms, namely INS-A2 and INS-A4. It is suspected that the 2 isolates were isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria. The results of isolation on Nutrient Agar (NA) media contained 5 isolates namely INS-B1, INS-B2, INS B3, INS-B4, INS-B5 which have characteristics as negative GRAM shaped Bacillus
Zaangażowanie parlamentów narodowych w latach 2015–2017 w działania na rzecz przezwyciężenia kryzysu imigracyjnego w UE
Authors: Dulak Michał
Published: February 2019

Zaangażowanie parlamentów państw członkowskich w dyskusję nad problemem nielegalnej migracji do UE przybrało na sile w latach 2015 i 2016. Artykuł omawia uprawnienia przysługujące parlamentom na mocy traktatu lizbońskiego, pozwalające im wpływać na procesy polityczne w UE, w szczególności w ramach polityki migracyjnej, azylowej i kontroli granic. Następnie przedstawiono aktywność parlamentów w latach 2015-2017 wobec propozycji legislacyjnych KE dotyczących mechanizmu relokacji i przesiedleń oraz reformy wspólnego europejskiego systemu azylowego. Uzyskane wnioski pozwalają stwierdzić, że najczęściej używanymi przez parlamenty instrumentami była współpraca międzyparlamentarna, kontrola przestrzegania zasady pomocniczości oraz dialog polityczny. Ze względu na brak niezbędnych aktów wykonawczych pozwalających prowadzić kontrolę działań Europolu, parlamenty w latach 2015-2017 nie wykorzystywały w ogóle spotkań grupy ds. wspólnej kontroli parlamentarnej w ramach przestrzeni wolności, bezpieczeństwa i sprawiedliwości. Jednocześnie można było zauważyć, że parlamenty narodowe państw negatywnie ustosunkowanych do przyjmowania imigrantów, czyli przede wszystkim państw z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, były bardziej aktywne na forum UE niż parlamenty państw pozytywnie nastawionych do migrantów.
Religious Representation in Russia-EU Relations: “Traditional Values” Problem
Authors: Zhuravlev Denis
Published: February 2019

Autor analizuje, w jaki sposób pojęcie „tradycyjnych wartości” wykorzystywane jest w politycznym dyskursie władz rosyjskich. Od trzeciej kadencji Władimira Putina zauważalny byl neokonserwatywny zwrot w rosyjskiej polityce, wyrażony zarówno w umacnianiu wpływów religii, jak i w zaostrzaniu ustawodawstwa. Aktywną rolę w tym odgrywa hierarchia Rosyjskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego, który otwarcie popiera obecny reżim i wzmacnia własny wpływ na życie publiczne. Pojęcie „tradycyjnych wartości” jest zatem motywowane politycznie, interpretowane jako sprzeciw wobec wartości liberalnych (przykładem jest homofobiczna polityka władz rosyjskich) i ma na celu przeciwstawienie wartości rosyjskich wartościom zachodnim. Autor opisuje, w jaki sposób dyskurs ten ma na celu przede wszystkim skonsolidowanie konserwatywnego elektoratu w kraju i rozprzestrzenienie rosyjskich wpływów na konserwatystów z innych krajów. Odzwierciedla to potrzebę poszukiwania skutecznych sposobów przeciwdziałania populistycznej retoryce.
Integracja państw Unii Europejskiej w ramach Wspólnej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony w świetle Brexitu
Authors: Wojnicz Luiza
Published: February 2019

Państwa Unii Europejskiej, po ogłoszeniu przez Wielką Brytanię decyzji o opuszczeniu Wspólnoty, muszą ponownie zredefiniować swoje podejście do polityki obronnej i kluczowej w tym zakresie Wspólnej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony. Inicjatywy podjęte w ostatnim czasie w obszarze uwiarygodniania UE na arenie międzynarodowej, wskazują na determinację pozostałych państw członkowskich, by budować politykę obronną w oparciu o projekty, które przez lata nie miały szansy na urzeczywistnienie, właśnie z powodu sprzeciwu Londynu.
J. Kardaś, M. Pazdej, Ł. Stachowiak, E. Stępa (red.), Kryzysy współczesnego świata. Różne ujęcia problemów globalnych i regionalnych, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poznań 2018, ss. 230.
Authors: Grzelczak Martyna
Published: February 2019

.
Three dimensions of modern terrorism in the European Union
Authors: Wojciechowski Sebastian
Published: February 2019

Unia Europejska między innymi ze względu na znaczenie polityczne, ekonomiczne czy medialne, a także z uwagi na występujące w niej różnice kulturowo-społeczne jest ważnym celem ataków terrorystycznych. Ich skalę, charakter czy specyfikę dobrze ukazują coroczne raporty Europolu. Celem tekstu jest zaprezentowanie istoty oraz charakterystyki współczesne­go terroryzmu występującego w Unii Europejskiej w ciągu ostatnich kilku lat, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem najnowszych danych zaprezentowanych przez Europol w 2018 roku. Wśród przedstawionych kwestii poruszono m.in. problem zagrożenia terrorystycznego w UE ze strony dżihadystów, separatystów czy lewicowych oraz prawicowych ekstremistów. Przeanalizowano też zagadnienie osób aresztowanych i skazanych w Unii Europejskiej za działalność terrory­styczną. Główną tezą tekstu jest stwierdzenie, że terroryzm występujący na terytorium UE ma zarówno wymiar wertykalny, horyzontalny, jak i transcendentalny. Pierwszy z nich (wertykal­ny) związany jest ze stosowaniem przez terrorystów bardzo różnych i wciąż nowych elementów taktyki czy strategii. Drugi (horyzontalny) odnosi się do możliwości atakowania różnorodnych celów w poszczególnych państwach członkowskich UE. Natomiast trzeci wymiar transcenden­talny dotyczy zróżnicowanej motywacji ideologicznej terrorystów. Ma ona nie tylko charakter islamistyczny, ale także np. separatystyczny, skrajnie prawicowy czy lewicowy.
The year of Macron and Merkel. What are the achievements of the German-French partnership?
Authors: Wernert Yann
Published: February 2019

Współpraca między Francją i Niemcami ma kluczowe znaczenie dla przyszłości Unii Europejskiej. Osłabiona po wyborach w 2017 r. długotrwałymi negocjacjami koalicyjnymi kanclerz Merkel spóźniła się z udzieleniem odpowiedzi na propozycje reform w UE prezydenta E. Macrona. Wprowadzono zaledwie kilka poprawek dotyczących europejskiej polityki obronnej i dyrektywy w sprawie delegowania pracowników. Ważniejsze tematy, w tym europejska polityka finansowa, są wciąż żywo debatowane. W obliczu obecnych trudności i silnych zastrzeżeń ze strony konserwatywnej części CDU i CSU dla polityki europejskiej rządu, wydaje się, że Merkel jest na dobrej drodze do osiągnięcia pragmatycznego kompromisu z Francją.
Evolutionary quasi-variational and variational inequalities with constraints on the derivatives
Authors: Miranda Fernando , Rodrigues José Francisco , Santos Lisa
Published: February 2019

This paper considers a general framework for the study of the existence of
quasi-variational and variational solutions to a class of nonlinear evolution
systems in convex sets of Banach spaces describing constraints on a
linear combination of partial derivatives of the solutions. The quasi-linear operators are
of monotone type, but are not required to be coercive for the existence of weak solutions, which
is obtained by a double penalization/regularization for the approximation of the solutions. In
the case of time-dependent convex sets that are independent of the solution, we show
also the uniqueness and the continuous dependence of the strong solutions of the variational
inequalities, extending previous results to a more general framework.
Evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum long non-coding RNA CTC-497E21.4 in gastric cancer
Authors: Zong Wei , Feng Wei , Jiang Yun , Ju Shaoqing , Cui Ming , Jing Rongrong
Published: February 2019

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a key role in gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis. However, the clinical application value of serum lncRNAs in GC has remained largely unknown. We investigated the role of a novel lncRNA named CTC-497E21.4 in the diagnosis and the prognosis of GC.

Methods

We focused on evaluation of lncRNA CTC-497E21.4 by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR). The study involved following aspects: (1) confirmation of the higher lncRNA CTC-497E21.4 expression in different types of GC specimens than corresponding controls; (2) evaluation of monitoring tumor dynamics by the serum lncRNA CTC-497E21.4 assay; (3) evaluation of the prognostic value of lncRNA CTC-497E21.4 assay in GC.

Results

(1) The method of RTFQ-PCR detection of lncRNA CTC-497E21.4 was evaluated to have high sensitivity and specificity. (2) The expression levels of lncRNA CTC-497E21.4 were higher in GC patients compared with corresponding controls (p<0.001), and the combination of serum lncRNA CTC-497E21.4, CEA and CA19-9 could improve diagnostic sensitivity (96.36%). (3) The serum lncRNA CTC-497E21.4 expression levels were lower in postoperative samples than preoperative samples (p=0.0021) and survival curves downloaded from TCGA showed high lncRNA CTC-497E21.4 levels were associated with poor OS of GC (p=0.0351).

Conclusions

lncRNA CTC-497E21.4 may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and the prognosis of GC.
Improving Wastewater Nitrogen Removal and Reducing Effluent NOx - -N by an Oxygen-Limited Process Consisting of a Sequencing Batch Reactor and a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Hajsardar Mehdi , Borghei Seyed Mehdi , Hassani Amir Hessam , Takdastan Afshin
Published: February 2019

A series of reactors including a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) were used for nitrogen removal. The aim of this study was simultaneous removal of NH4+-N and NOx–-N from synthetic wastewater. In the novel proposed method, the effluent from SBR was sequentially introduced into SBBR, which contained 0.030 m3 biofilm carriers, so the system operated under a paired sequence of aerobic-anoxic conditions. The effects of different carbon sources and aeration conditions were investigated. A low dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the biofilm depth of the fixed-bed process (SBBR) simulated the anoxic phase conditions. Accordingly, a portion of NH4+-N that was not converted to NO3–-N by the SBR process was converted to NO3–-N in the outer layer of the biofilm in the SBBR process. Further, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was achieved in the SBBR where NO2–-N was converted to N2 directly, before NO3–-N conversion (partial nitrification). The level of mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) was 2740 mg/l at the start of the experiments. The required carbon source (C: N ratio of 4) was provided by adding an internal carbon source (through step feeding) or ethanol. Firstly, as part of the system (SBR and SBBR), SBR operated at a DO level of 1 mg/l while SBBR operated at a DO concentration of 0.3 mg/l during Run-1. During Run-2, the system operated at the low DO concentration of 0.3 mg/l. When the source of carbon was ethanol, the nitrogen removal rate (RN) was higher than the operation with an internal carbon source. When the reactors were operated at the same DO concentration of 0.3 mg/l, 99.1 % of the ammonium was removed. The NO3–-N produced during the aerobic SBR operation of the novel method was removed in SBBR reactor by 8.3 %. The concentrations of NO3--N and NO2–-N in the SBBR effluent were reduced to 2.5 and 5.5 mg/l, respectively. Also, the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 97.5 % by adding ethanol at the DO level of 0.3 mg/l.

When C:N adjustment was carried out SND efficiency at C:N ratio of 6.5 reached to 99 %. The increasing nitrogen loading rate (NLR) to 0.554 kg N/m3 d decreased SND efficiency to 80.7 %.
Analysis of Four Wave Mixing In Ultra Dense WDM-Hybrid Optical Amplifier Systems
Authors: Singh Navjot , Kumar Mahendra , Verma Ashu
Published: February 2019

Amplification through hybrid optical amplifiers (HOAs) is a propitious and proficient technology for high speed and high capacity dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) systems. HOAs are intended to improve system reach and to accomplish wide gain bandwidth with enhanced flatness of gain. In this work, an ultradense 16 channel WDM system is demonstrated and performance of diverse hybrid amplifiers is evaluated in terms of output power, Q-factor, gain flatness and BER. Spacing among the WDM channels is 25 GHz in order to make system bandwidth efficient and scrutinized its effect on four wave mixing (FWM) in case of EDFA-EDFA, Raman-EDFA and SOA-EDFA. It is observed that SOA-EDFA is more and Raman-EDFA is less prone to FWM. Moreover, for distance 20 Km–140 Km, Raman-EDFA is optimal configuration for amplification and from 150 Km–200  Km, SOA-EDFA shows better performance. For prolonged link lengths such as beyond 200  Km, EDFA-EDFA is a right hybrid amplifier. In order to achieve maximum gain flatness in proposed architecture, EDFA-EDFA is recommended to use.
Carboxymethylcellulose/MOF-5/Graphene oxide bio-nanocomposite as antibacterial drug nanocarrier agent
Authors: Karimzadeh Zahra , Javanbakht Siamak , Namazi Hassan
Published: February 2019

Introduction: In recent years, more attention was dedicated to developing new methods for designing of drug delivery systems. The aim of present work is to improve the efficiency of the antibacterial drug delivery process, and to realize and to control accurately the release. Methods: First, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared according to the modified Hummers method then the GO was modified with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and Zn-based metal-organic framework (MOF-5) through the solvothermal technique. Results: Performing the various analysis methods including scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), EDX, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Zeta potentials on the obtained bio-nanocomposite showed that the new modified GO has been prepared. With using common analysis methods the structure of synthesized materials was determined and confirmed and finally, their antibacterial behavior was examined based on the broth microdilution methods. Conclusion: Carboxymethylcellulose/MOF-5/GO bio-nanocomposite (CMC/MOF-5/GO) was successfully synthesized through the solvothermal technique. Tetracycline (TC) was encapsulated in the GO and CMC/MOF-5/GO. The drug release tests showed that the TC-loaded CMC/MOF5/GO has an effective protection against stomach pH. With controlling the TC release in the gastrointestinal tract conditions, the long-time stability of drug dosing was enhanced. Furthermore, antibacterial activity tests showed that the TC-loaded CMC/MOF-5/GO has an antibacterial activity to negatively charge E. coli bacteria in contrast to TC-loaded GO.
CONTINUOUS ETHANOL FERMENTATION FROM CAROB POD EXTRACT MEDIUM AT DIFFERENT HYDRAULIC RESIDENCE TIME (HRT)
Authors: YATMAZ Ercan
Published: February 2019

Production of bioethanol is one
of the important bioprocesses for the energy industry to provide inexpensive
renewable resources all over the world. In this context, this research was
organized for continuous ethanol fermentation from carob pod extract which is
an inexpensive carbon source by free or immobilized S. cerevisiae cells.
Continuous ethanol fermentations were performed with different HRT (from 4 to
20 h) and optimal HRT were 8 h for the free cell, and 6.67 h for immobilized
cell, respectively. The highest volumetric ethanol
productivities for free cell and immobilized cell fermentations were 3.12 g/L/h
and 3.37 g/L/h at HRT of 5.71 h, respectively. All kinetic parameters
clearly showed that both cell types can be used for ethanol fermentation, and
immobilized S. cerevisiae ethanol fermentation can be operated at higher
dilution rates independent of biomass than a free cell.
Vertical marine snow distribution in the stratified, hypersaline, and anoxic Orca Basin (Gulf of Mexico)
Authors: Diercks Arne , Ziervogel Kai , Sibert Ryan , Joye Samantha B. , Asper Vernon , Montoya Joseph P.
Published: February 2019

We present a complete description of the depth distribution of marine snow in Orca Basin (Gulf of Mexico), from sea surface through the pycnocline to within 10 m of the seafloor. Orca Basin is an intriguing location for studying marine snow because of its unique geological and hydrographic setting: the deepest ~200 m of the basin are filled with anoxic hypersaline brine. A typical deep ocean profile of marine snow distribution was observed from the sea surface to the pycnocline, namely a surface maximum in total particle number and midwater minimum. However, instead of a nepheloid (particle-rich) layer positioned near the seabed, the nepheloid layer in the Orca Basin was positioned atop the brine. Within the brine, the total particle volume increased by a factor of 2–3 while the total particle number decreased, indicating accumulation and aggregation of material in the brine. From these observations we infer increased residence time and retention of material within the brine, which agrees well with laboratory results showing a 2.2–3.5-fold reduction in settling speed of laboratory-generated marine snow below the seawater-brine interface. Similarly, dissolved organic carbon concentration in the brine correlated positively with measured colored dissolved organic matter (r2 = 0.92, n = 15), with both variables following total particle volume inversely through the pycnocline. These data indicate the release of dissolved organic carbon concomitant with loss in total particle volume and increase in particle numbers at the brine-seawater interface, highlighting the importance of the Orca Basin as a carbon sink.
Update on the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone metabolism and material properties
Authors: Picke Ann-Kristin , Campbell Graeme , Napoli Nicola , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Rauner Martina
Published: February 2019

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, especially as a result of our aging society, high caloric intake and sedentary lifestyle. Besides the well-known complications of T2DM on the cardiovascular system, the eyes, kidneys and nerves, bone strength is also impaired in diabetic patients. Patients with T2DM have a 40–70% increased risk for fractures, despite having a normal to increased bone mineral density, suggesting that other factors besides bone quantity must account for increased bone fragility. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the complex effects of T2DM on bone including effects on bone cells, bone material properties and other endocrine systems that subsequently affect bone, discusses the effects of T2DM medications on bone and concludes with a model identifying factors that may contribute to poor bone quality and increased bone fragility in T2DM.
Molecular mechanisms of FOXO1 in adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Chen Junye , Lu Yi , Tian Mengyuan , Huang Qiren
Published: February 2019

Forkhead box-O1 (FOXO1) is a downstream target of AKT and plays crucial roles in cell cycle control, apoptosis, metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. It is thought that FOXO1 affects adipocyte differentiation by regulating lipogenesis and cell cycle. With the deepening in the understanding of this field, it is currently believed that FOXO1 translocation between nuclei and cytoplasm is involved in the regulation of FOXO1 activity, thus affecting adipocyte differentiation. Translocation of FOXO1 depends on its post-translational modifications and interactions with 14-3-3. Based on these modifications and interactions, FOXO1 could regulate lipogenesis through PPARγ and the adipocyte cell cycle through p21 and p27. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive FOXO1 regulation network in adipocyte differentiation by linking together distinct functions mentioned above to explain their effects on adipocyte differentiation and to emphasize the regulatory role of FOXO1. In addition, we also focus on the novel findings such as the use of miRNAs in FOXO1 regulation and highlight the improvable issues, such as RNA modifications, for future research in the field.
Una revisión sobre el concepto de competencia educativa
Authors: Patiño Ruth Alejandra
Published: February 2019

El documento aborda los diferentes aspectos relacionados con el concepto de “competencia”, el cual, es el eje articulador alrededor del cual se estructuran los diferentes programas de formación en educación superior, y particularmente en Contaduría Pública. La reflexión pone de presente la dificultad para la comprensión del término, y la inconsistencia de su uso en el diseño de los diferentes currículos en Contaduría. Concluye que es fundamental ampliar el debate sobre el concepto, en un entorno más amplio que el relacionado a las capacidades y desempeños laborales de los futuros contadores.
Las nociones de justicia que construyen las niñas en pleno siglo xxi
Authors: Alarcón Sánchez Gustavo Adolfo , Díaz Ossa Solman Yamile , Hernández Méndez Luis Francisco
Published: February 2019

The article is the product of participation in the research center Justicia y Ciudadanía that is part of the research project “Social notions about justice built by children from official schools of Kennedy’s locality in Bogotá DC”. Financed by the Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. The topic to approaching is the notions of justice that girls build specifically, emphasized in the social and personal conflict in which they find themselves day by day. The subject is approached from the perspective of authors such as Ralws and Murillo Tordecilla, among others, that deal with the concept of justice and its characteristics.The article is elaborated in order to make gender justice visible and motivate reflection in preschool and primary school teachers of the schools where the research was conducted to find strategies that allow children to understand the importance of women in the immediate contexts in which they live. It is served well to the stipulated in the Ley 1257 de 2008, “so that standards of awareness are dictated, prevention and sanction of forms of violence and discrimination against women, reform of the criminal codes, of criminal procedure, Ley 294 de 1996 and other dispositions are dictated”.