bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembangunan Di Kabupaten Pegunungan Bintang (Studi Kasus : Desa Denom Atukbin, Distrik Pepera)
Authors: Yanthy Normalia Ode , Sitorus Y.L.M.
Published: September 2020

Various development acceleration programs planned for the Papua region rely more on development capital from outside Papua and pay little attention to development capital from within, such as: human capital, social and cultural Papuans themselves. Development towards modernization in Papua without relying on existing local development capital will require enormous funds because civilizations in this region are still lagging behind. The study area in this study is Denom Atukbin Village which is planned to develop into an independent city. This study uses a qualitative research approach with descriptive analysis methods. The limitation of development capital of local human resources (the quantity and quality of human beings is still low) and supporting facilities (infrastructure is still minimal) shows that the implementation of the development plan prepared by the Pegunungan Bintang Regency government will require greater funds (because it uses development capital from outside). In the process, the original inhabitants of Denom Atukbin Village are not expected to be involved much or not the main actors of the development.
Eksplorasi Perancangan Rumah Tinggal Sederhana di Daerah Permukiman Padat Kampung Kota dalam Menjawab Isu Efisiensi Energi (Studi Kasus pada Lahan dengan Luas 40m2)
Authors: Primasetra Anjar
Published: September 2020

Energy efficiency in homes, especially in densely populated urban dwellings, is an important issue. This paper aims to provide a house design proposal to solve the problem of densely populated urban settlements, which is carried out by designing exploration. The design method used in this study is an ecological architecture approach, which is adapted to the context of tropical climate, limited land, and the assumption of small family lifestyles with middle to lower economic conditions. The case study taken is a house on an area of 40 m2 with the hope that the size of this land represents a limited area of land in dense settlements in urban villages.
Perancangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau pada Lahan Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Pasca Operasi Pasir Impun untuk Membentuk Partisipasi Masyarakat
Authors: Arini Esti Galuh
Published: September 2020

This research is an example of designing City Green Open Space (RTH) by considering community opinion in the process and encouraging the growth of participation from the community itself as the ultimate goal. As a case study, Pasir Impun post-operation landfill (TPA) in Bandung City was taken. With the aim of increasing the area of RTH, in Bandung Strategic Plan 2004-2009, one of the planned programs was to re-arrange the Post-Operation Landfill, Pasir Impun, in the East Bandung. In terms of technical feasibility, Pasir Impun post-operation landfill is considered the most ready to be converted, Whereas from a social standpoint, this landfill is surrounded by fairly dense residential areas (1,254 inhabitants), who do not have public open spaces that can be used by the community for recreation or other social activities, so that the Pasir Impun post-operation landfill with an area of ± 4.1 Ha is considered to have great potential to be developed as an local Green Open Space. It is expected that with this approach, the results of the design of Green Open Space on the Post-Operation Landfill Pasir Impun, can answer the basic needs of the community and in the end can guarantee the success of land conversion and the program sustainability. The design process begins by conducting a survey directly to the land and surrounding settlements, interviews with relevant parties, distributing questionnaires to the community, as well as literature and precedents. Furthermore, an analysis of these activities is carried out to compile and formulate a space program and design criteria as the basis for the design that will be created or developed. The final result of this design process is a design simulation of local open space on the Pasir Impun post-operation landfill.
Online System dalam Pengelolaan Bank Sampah - Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Bekasi
Authors: Rusdiana Dadi , Humaira An Nisa’a Siti
Published: September 2020

Bank sampah merupakan salah satu program pengurangan sampah nasional. Dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat sejumlah kendala seperti kurang praktisnya transaksi antara nasabah dengan pengelola yang seringkali membuat masyarakat kurang tertarik dengan bank sampah. Dalam merespon tantangan tersebut, pengembangan aplikasi online bank sampah saat ini telah dilakukan dengan harapan memberikan kemudahan dalam pengelolaan dan transaksi kepada masyarakat, baik sebagai nasabah, maupun sebagai pengelola bank sampah. Bank sampah mulai berkembang mulai tahun 2008 hingga tahun 2016, sudah tercatat ada 163.878 nasabah bank sampah di 5.244 bank sampah di Indonesia. Telah ada beberapa platform online untuk penyelenggaraan/mendukung penyelenggaraan bank sampah di Indonesia yang diantaranya adalah Smash, Gringgo, Angkuts, SIMALU dan OBABAS. Platform online yang telah memiliki jangkauan pelayanan di Kabupaten Bekasi adalah Smash. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah untuk mengidentifikasi sistem pengelolaan bank sampah berbasis platform online. Dalam sistem pengelolaan sampah secara umum, perbedaan yang terjadi antara sistem pembelian sampah yang diterapkan oleh bank sampah yang sudah dan belum tergabung dengan sistem online adalah pada variabel peminjaman uang, dampak partisipasi dalam sistem online (Smash), keberadaan fasilitator, kegiatan di luar jual beli sampah, kegiatan pengolahan sampah dan sistem bagi hasil. Dengan teridentifikasinya kondisi penyelenggaraan bank sampah baik secara konvensional dan online, maka dapat diketahui perbedaan pengelolaan antara kedua sistem tersebut sehingga dapat mendukung peningkatan kinerja bank sampah online ke depannya yang dapat diimplementasikan oleh pemerintah pusat maupun daerah, komunitas/penggiat lingkungan, sektor privat dan juga masyarakat secara umum.
Studi pemanfaatan limbah pelepah sawit sebagai bahan baku pulp metode Organosolv disertai hidrotermal pretreatment
Authors: Apriani Rachmawati , Susantini Ni Njoman Manik
Published: September 2020

Penelitian bertujuan menentukan properties strength dari pulp yang berbahan baku pelepah kelapa sawit di Laboratorium Satuan Operasi Pulp dan Kertas. Pelepah kelapa sawit merupakan limbah organik kategori non-wood dengan kandungan selulosa tinggi. Proses pembuatan pulp didominasi oleh kraft yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Salah satu metode pulping lain adalah proses organosolv dengan menggunakan pelarut organik seperti asam asetat yang menghasilkan yield yang lebih tinggi dan properties mekanis. Pengaruh kondisi operasi seperti suhu, waktu, konsentrasi liquor dan perbandingannya penting terhadap properties pulp. Proses menggunakan asam asetat 10 % dan 15% serta NaOH 15%. Pengaruh perbandingan liquor terhadap solid, penambahan aditif soda, suhu operasi dan konsentrasi komponen liquor diteliti untuk mendapatkan nilai optimal dari proses. Pretreatment hidrotermal dilakukan meningkatkan penetrasi dan difusi zat aktif selama proses pulping. Kertas yang dihasilkan memiliki kekuatan tarik yang baik dengan tingginya konsentrasi asam asetat dimana asam asetat 15% menghasilkan kekuatan tarik sebesar 0,99 kN/m sedangkan 10% menghasilkan 0,63 kN/m dibandingkan NaOH sebesar 15% kurang baik yaitu 0,385 kN/m, maka adanya penambahan LBKP 20% dapat meningkatkan tensile dikarenakan kandungan serat dari wood. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi asam asetat maka ketahanan sobek semakin kecil. Maka optimum pada 10% yaitu 228,49 mN. Jika di bandingkan dengan NaOH 15% masih kurang baik yaitu 175,73 mN.
Tingkat Korelasi Budaya Organisasi Dan Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Pabrik Kelapa Sawit PT. Smart.Tbk)
Authors: Rachmat Deni , Darma Asep Yunta
Published: September 2020

Persoalan Sumber Daya Manusia yang dihadapi Pabrik Kelapa Sawit adalah tingkat kedisiplinan karyawan rendah, konflik antara karyawan dan turn over karyawan yang tinggi. Pesoalan-persoalan ini menjadi penghambat yang berpengaruh besar terhadap kinerja karyawan, akan tetapi persoalan ini dapat diatasi dengan meningkatkan implementasi budaya organisasi yang sudah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Dengan mengetahui tingkat implementasi budaya organisasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja karyawan, dapat dilakukan upaya sosialisasi, evaluasi implementasi budaya perusahaan secara berkala/rutin oleh pimpinan perusahaan sebagai agen perubahan. Pada penelitian ini budaya organisasi dan kinerja karyawan diamati melalui 7 (tujuh) aspek menjadi data olah. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui data primer dan sekunder, observasi langsung, wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner. Analisis dilakukan dengan menyusun distribusi frekuensi masingmasing aspek yang diamati. Distribusi frekuensi ini sebagai instrument untuk mengetahui aspek mana yang memberikan kontribusi tinggi dan rendah terhadap budaya organisasi dan kinerja karyawan, langkah selanjutnya dilakukan analisis regresi untuk mengetahuai hubungan budaya organisasi dan kinerja karyawan. Hasil analisis regresi diperoleh hubungan kinerja dengan budaya organisasi perusahaan yaitu: Kinerja (Y) = 55,623 + 0,058 Budaya (X). Bila budaya organisasi tidak dilaksanakan oleh individu karyawan yang belum mengetahui dan memahami budaya organisasi (X=0), maka diperkirakan kemampuan kinerja karyawan adalah 55,623 unit. Namun bila budaya organisasi sudah dilaksanakan oleh karyawan setara dengan 1 unit budaya organisasi, maka kinerja organisasi naik sebesar 55,623 + 0,058 = 55,681. Koefisien regresi b = 55,623 menunjukkan bahwa besaran penambahan tingkat kinerja perusahaan yang harus ditetapkan, apabila budaya organisasi tidak diterapkan pada suatu organisasi. Hasil uji statistik menunjukan budaya organisasi memberikan pengaruh yang kecil terhadap kinerja perusahaan, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan belum sepenuhnya terinternalisasi pada setiap individu karyawan.
Purifikasi Reject Pulp Sebagai Media Filtrasi Dalam Pengolahan Air Limbah Pulp Dan Kertas
Authors: Susilo Nurul Ajeng , Rizaldi Wahyu , Apriani Rachmawati , Manik Ni Njoman , Maulia Gina
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu langkah untuk meminimalkan terjadinya penumpukan limbah padat di area landfill industri pulp dan kertas yaitu melakukan suatu inovasi dan pengembangan teknologi berupa pemanfaatan limbah padat reject pulp yang dimodifikasi menjadi suatu media filtrasi. Hal tersebut dilakukan mengetahui bahwa kandungan alfa selulosa dalam reject pulp masih cukup tinggi sehingga dengan metode purifikasi (pemurnian) dan modifikasi penambahan bahan kimia, reject pulp berpotensi digunakan sebagai media filtrasi. Yang mana media filtrasi termodifikasi ini melalui pengujian terhadap propertiesnya sifat fisik maupun sifat optik dapat mampu mengolah air limbah pulp dan kertas menjadi air bersih dengan kualitas yang memenuhi standar PerMenLH No.5 tahun 2014. Proses purifikasi (pemurnian) reject pulp dilakukan melalui dua metode yaitu pembilasan secara berulang menggunakan air panas dan melakukan perendaman menggunakan peroksida (bleaching) untuk menghilangkan lignin yang masih tersisa pada reject pulp. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses pemurnian (purifikasi pulp) yang lebih optimal adalah menggunakan perendaman menggunakan hydrogen peroksida 20% pada pH 9 dengan waktu kontak 3 jam diperoleh derajat putih mendekati 63,3% ISO. Air hasil olahan menggunakan media filtrasi termodifikasi ini secara visual dapat memenuhi standar untuk klasifikasi air bersih yang dapat digunakan kembali pada proses produksi.
Hand sanitizers: is over usage harmful ?
Authors: Chandanapalli Sai Himabindu Chandanapalli Sai Himabindu , Bitra Tanish Bitra Tanish , Damodara Padma priya Damodara Padma priya , Nimmala Prema Kumari Nimmala Prema Kumari , Shaik Nayab Shaik Nayab
Published: September 2020

Sanitizers are the substances or the fluid designated to kill germs on skin and objects. As hand hygiene plays an important role in pandemic situations like COVID-19, people mostly rely on hand sanitizers than soap and water. The sanitizing effect of sanitizer depends on the ingredients such as 60-95% v/v alcohol, antiseptics, etc. The alcohol usually damages the skin by denaturation of stratum corneum proteins. The repeated or frequent use of hand sanitizers can cause skin reactions- Irritant contact dermatitis and Allergic contact dermatitis with symptoms such as burning, irritation, itching, etc. These effects can be reduced by using selected less irritating products, reducing skin irritation, use of moisturizing skin products. As microbial flora also plays an important role in human health, sanitizer overuse creates an imbalance between the good and bad bacteria in the digestive system which leads to inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, autism, etc. As a researcher reported that sanitizer also gives an unpleasant side effect of using hand sanitizer every day and also mentioned that ‘we have to balance the benefit of sanitizer for preventing disease transmission and their potential misuse remains a challenge’.
Meningkatkan Keamanan Sistem Informasi Puskesmas Terpadu dengan Metode Grey-Box Penetration Test Menggunakan Computer Assisted Audit Techniques
Authors: Pirsa Nopan , Sumijan
Published: September 2020

Keamanan sistem informasi merupakan hal yang wajib diperhatikan oleh pemiliknya agar terhindar dari kejahatan siber. Sistem informasi yang memiliki kerentanan keamanan dapat mengancam infrastruktur penting suatu organisasi.  Kerentanan keamanan adalah segala jenis celah yang memungkinkan penyerang untuk dapat masuk kedalam sistem secara illegal dan melakukan tidakan yang tidak diinginkan. Penetration test pada sistem informasi perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan keamanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keamanan sistem informasi puskesmas terpadu Kota Payakumbuh sehingga data dan informasi yang ada terjamin keamanannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah grey box penetration test menggunakan computer assisted audit techniques. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 97 kerentanan kategori tinggi, 1 kerentanan kategori sedang dan 26 kerentanan kategori rendah. Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Payakumbuh dapat memanfaatkan hasil penetration test sebagai referensi untuk meningkatkan keamanan sistem informasi puskesmas terpadu Kota Payakumbuh.
Inondations de l'Aude du 15 octobre 2018 : analyse météorologique, conséquences hydrologiques et prévisibilité
Authors: Kreitz Michaël , Calas Christophe , Baille Sébastien
Published: September 2020

Dans la nuit du 14 au 15 octobre 2018, un épisode méditerranéen se déclenche sur le département de l'Aude, déversant jusqu'à 300 mm en un peu moins de 10 heures dans la région de Carcassonne, générant des crues meurtrières sur le bassin moyen de l'Aude et de ses affluents. Les ingrédients météorologiques typiques d'un tel événement sont bien présents : entrée droite d'un jet de sud en altitude, jet de basses couches méditerranéen chaud et humide alimentant une ligne de convergence. Le paroxysme de l'épisode s'étant produit à l'est immédiat de Carcassonne, région habituellement située à la périphérie des épisodes les plus intenses, les durées de retour des précipitations sur 6 heures sont au final d'ordre centennal. Même si la prévisibilité d'un épisode méditerranéen est relativement bonne à grande échelle, les modèles déterministes et leurs ensembles, qu'ils soient globaux ou à aire limitée, montrent une grande variabilité d'un réseau à l'autre, rendant très difficile la localisation précise du paroxysme pluvieux.

During the night of 14th October 2018 a Mediterranean Heavy Precipitation Event occurred over the Aude département in Southern France, bringing up to 300 mm of rain in about 10 hours over the Carcassonne area, and generating deadly floods in the Aude River catchment. Typical meteorological ingredients were involved: an upper-jet right-entrance region, and a warm and wet low-level jet feeding a convergence line. As the peak of the event occurs around Carcassonne which is less familiar to such events, the return period for 6-hour rainfall was close to one-hundred years. The predictability of such events is rather good on a synoptic scale. However, when it comes to precise localisation and intensities, numerical weather prediction (NWP) models (be they deterministic or ensembles, global or limited-area ones) show a great variability between consecutive runs, making the exercise very challenging for forecasters.
Analyses statistiques des variations des températures et précipitations observées à Niamey et à Nguigmi
Authors: Boubacar Garba , Saley Moussa Mounkaila , Saley Inoussa Abdou , Mouhaimouni Moussa , Fodé Madé
Published: September 2020

Nous avons analysé les variations des cumuls (moyenne) annuels des précipitations et températures (maximales et minimales) observées à Niamey (1961-2014) et à Nguigmi (1960-2015). À partir des anomalies des précipitations et des températures (maximales, moyennes et minimales), nous avons cherché l'existence des tendances et/ou des périodes de stationnarité par l'identification des points de rupture. L'évolution des anomalies des précipitations à la station de Niamey montre une période nettement humide au cours des années 1960, suivie d'une période très sèche dans les années 1970-1980. Cette station est ainsi marquée par deux périodes de stationnarité (1961-1967 et 1968-2014), indiquant des changements majeurs dans les séries des précipitations, avec une tendance décroissante non significative. Ces observations sont quelque peu différentes de celles de la station de Nguigmi, qui n'indique pas de période de rupture avec une tendance croissante non significative. Concernant les températures, les résultats mettent en évidence deux années de rupture déterminant trois périodes de stationnarité pour les températures maximales et moyennes au niveau des deux stations. Aussi, les variations des températures indiquent un taux de réchauffement journalier à Nguigmi qui dépasse le double de celui observé à Niamey, mais le réchauffement nocturne est plus important à Niamey qu'à Nguigmi. Les données de température montrent des tendances croissantes et significatives au niveau des deux stations.

We analyzed the variations in cumulative (average) annual precipitations and temperatures (maximum and minimum) observed over Niamey (1961-2014) and Nguigmi (1960-2015). Based on the precipitations and temperatures (maximum, average and minimum) anomalies, the existence of trends and/or periods of stationarity were analyzed to identify breaking points. The variability of precipitations anomalies at the Niamey station shows a clearly wet period during the 1960s followed by a very dry period in the 1970s and 1980s. Thus, this station is marked by two periods of stationarity (1961-1967 and 1968-2014) indicating major changes in the precipitation series with non-significant decreasing trend. These observations are somewhat different from those of the Nguigmi station that shows an increasing trend non-significant with any breaking period. The results regarding temperatures show two years of breaks determining three periods of stationarity for the maximum and average temperatures at the two stations. The temperatures variations indicate also a daily warming rate in Nguigmi which is more than the double of that observed in Niamey but the night warming is more important in Niamey than in Nguigmi. At both stations, the temperatures data show increasing and significant trends.
La datation des archives glaciaires
Authors: Parrenin Frédéric , Landais Amaëlle
Published: September 2020

Les glaces en Antarctique et au Groenland sont une archive de premier plan pour reconstruire le climat du Quaternaire. Une datation précise est nécessaire pour exploiter cette archive. Les méthodes de datation peuvent être tirées de l'analyse de la glace, des bulles d'air piégées, de la comparaison à d'autres archives ou aux variations des paramètres orbitaux de la Terre, ou de la modélisation du processus de sédimentation glaciaire. Ces méthodes étant complémentaires, un modèle probabiliste a été développé pour les combiner de manière optimale.

Ice samplings from Antarctica or Greenland form an exceptional archive to reconstruct the Quaternary climate. An accurate chronology is necessary to exploit this archive. Dating methods can be derived from the analysis of ice, or enclosed air bubbles, from the comparison to other archives or to variations of orbital parameters of the Earth, or from the modelling of the glacial sedimentation process. These methods being complementary, a probabilistic model has been developed to combine them in an optimal manner.
Re-exploring the Relationship Between Autonomy and Assessment in Language Learning: A Literature Overview
Authors: Everhard Carol J.
Published: September 2020

The complexities of the relationship between assessment and autonomy in language learning, instead of being addressed, seem to have been quite consistently avoided in the autonomy literature, making research in this area a difficult and often perplexing undertaking. This leads Benson (2015, p. viii) to describe assessment in relation to autonomy as “the elephant in the room that everyone can see, but no one wants to mention.” This is unfortunate, not just for the elephant but for everyone wishing to explore the relationship between assessment and autonomy, however demanding or elusive that might be.
Where Are My Classmates? Social Interaction Online
Authors: Treon Caron L.
Published: September 2020

This piece reviews the literature which examines social interactions in online environments. The main interest was to find out whether online students were autonomous learners, who would be motivated to participate with their fellow classmates. After conducting a review of the material on social interaction in online learning environments it was discovered that the level of social interaction varied dependent on a number of factors. One of the main factors being a learners’ motivational level. Many of the researchers proposed ideas for further research into increasing learners’ levels of social interaction in the future including the idea of using different software programs in their classes.
Dealing with Anxiety for Promoting Learner Autonomy
Authors: Marutani Takuto
Published: September 2020

Many high school students in Japan are likely to feel anxious about learning English due to the pressure of exams and feeling anxious can cause various issues for their learning. In order for students to overcome their anxieties and take control of their learning, they first need to be aware of what their anxieties are. In this paper, the author describes a positive effect of an activity which was aimed at helping students to become more aware of their anxieties and to deal with them.
Reflective Learning Logs in the Junior High School Classroom
Authors: Naruse Hirofumi
Published: September 2020

One of the most common foundational definitions of learner autonomy is “the capacity to take control over one’s own learning” (Benson, 2013, p. 2), and reflection is often mentioned together with this term in several language learning contexts. Moon (2013) describes reflection as “a process of re-organizing knowledge emotional orientations in order to achieve further insights”, and this reflective process plays an important role in fostering autonomy. Benson (2013) argues that reflection is a key psychological component of autonomy and plays integral part in fostering learner autonomy. Through reflection, learners can recognize the connection between the strategies they use in their learning and the outcomes they get as a result of their learning. This recognition enables learners to see their learning objectively and such an objective view leads them to make adjustment to their learning, and eventually take control over their own learning. Kohen (1992) also mentioned the importance of reflection on learning, stating that conscious reflection on learning experiences makes it possible to increase one’s awareness of learning, which can be regarded as an important key to the development of autonomous learning. Benson argues further that writing a journal is useful tools for reflection. Litzler (2017) also mentioned that in a number of different learning contexts diaries or journals have been used as a useful tools for reflection. In this paper, I would like to report on an implementation of reflective diaries in my junior high school lessons in order to promote learner autonomy.
Motivational Effects of Study Group
Authors: Takada Sina
Published: September 2020

Cooperative language learning has various benefits for learners, and one of them, motivation, was the focus of this research. As the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) indicates, with assistance from other competent individuals, learners are likely to develop more efficiently than without assistance. In addition to development of skills, development of motivation can be the outcome of cooperative learning. Participants are members of the Study Group in Kanda University of International Studies who participated in semi-structured interviews. In the interviews, they demonstrated their perception of their motivations. More than half of the participants mentioned that the motivation toward language learning developed after participating in the Study Group. They all mentioned that they feel the urge to study, which is an indication that their developed motivations are not merely extrinsic but intrinsic. This research will provide insights into how learners develop motivation through interaction with others in communities of practice.
Assessing the Potential Role of Technology in Promoting Self-Directed Language Learning: A Collaborative Project Between Japan and Sweden
Authors: Viberg Olga , Laaksolahti Jarmo , Mynard Jo , Mavroudi Anna
Published: September 2020

This report begins with a summary of ways in which technology has been used to attempt to increase learning opportunities and support for self-directed learners at Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS) with limited success. A collaboration between KUIS and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden has highlighted the need for a more thorough needs analysis and evaluation of the learning environment before any technological designs are implemented. In addition, such implementation should be done in collaboration with the end users. The second part of the paper provides preliminary results related to an initial needs analysis conducted with end users at KUIS that will form the basis of ongoing collaboration with the aim of creating a platform and/or series of tools that will enhance self-directed language learning.
Augmented Reality and Crowdsourced Feedback to Help Learners Navigate Self-Access Materials
Authors: Edlin Curtis , Bonner Euan
Published: September 2020

Learning is a life-long activity which neither begins nor ends with a learner’s time in formal educational environments. Many learners, however, have difficulty efficiently managing their own learning processes, and this includes knowledgeably selecting effective learning materials, particularly in skill-focused areas such as within language learning. Increasingly, self-access centers and other non-traditional learning environments act as a bridge between formal education and opportunities for life-long learning. This paper details a mobile app called Peer Scan, including what it is, these needs it was developed to address, decisions in the development process, and how it can be used by learners in self-access learning environments to help them select appropriate learning materials. The design and development of the app is meant to alleviate some of the difficulties faced by students in self-access centers in Japan in selecting effective materials. The ongoing design seeks to eliminate friction and barriers to use to support uptake, harnessing augmented reality object recognition technology to do so. Peer Scan is designed to allow learners to both see peer assessments of materials as an immediate means of support, and also to implicitly develop useful inner criteria for material selection that can aid them later as life-long learners.
Konsep Diri Remaja Kristen Dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Zaman
Authors: Dupe Selvy Iriany Susanti
Published: September 2020

The ever-expanding changes times have an impact on many people even more on the lives of Christian teens. The teenage phase is a pretty hard time to deal with because of many influences around both positive and negative. This phase is also in which a person’s mind begins to form and depends on the circumstances surrounding them. This study aims to provide an overview of the self-concept of Christian teens in the face of changing times that continue to develop. Researches use a literature study approach to find the main picture of the research in question. The results showed that Christian youth in facing the changing times needed God’s wisdom in this world and needed to be followed by the right example of life. In addition, it is necessary to present the right figures and be the right role models, both from parents and the church (youth servants, servants of God/pastors) so that there is a role model for adolescents who help them live a wiser and more responsible life even if it occurs changing times that have their own impact.

Perubahan zaman yang terus berkembang tentu memiliki dampak bagi banyak orang terlebih lagi pada kehidupan remaja Kristen. Fase remaja adalah masa-masa yang cukup sulit dihadapi dikarenakan banyaknya pengaruh di sekitar baik secara positif dan juga negatif. Di fase ini pula pola pikir seseorang mulai terbentuk dan tergantung dari keadaan yang ada di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang konsep diri remaja Kristen dalam menghadapi perubahan zaman yang terus berkembang. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan studi pustaka untuk menemukan gambaran pokok penelitian yang dimaksud. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa remaja Kristen dalam menghadapi perubahan zaman, perlu hikmat Tuhan dalam dunia ini dan perlu diikuti dengan keteladan hidup yang benar. Selain itu, perlu menghadirkan tokoh-tokoh yang benar dan menjadi teladan yang benar, baik itu dari orangtua maupun gereja (pelayan remaja, hamba Tuhan/pendeta) agar ada role model bagi remaja yang membantunya dalam menjalani hidup dengan lebih bijak dan lebih bertanggungjawab sekalipun terjadi perubahan zaman yang membawa dampak tersendiri.
Kajian Teoritis Tentang Konsep Ruang Lingkup Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Tubulau Imanuel
Published: September 2020

This study aims to analyze the concept of the scope of the curriculum of Christian Religious Education. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative approach to the study of literature. The results showed that the scope in formulating the Christian Religious Education curriculum considered elements of students, lecturers, educational institutions, institutional leaders, parents of students, churches and community. Understanding the curriculum concept is also an important part in formulating a Christian Religious Education curriculum. With the results of the study found a thesis that a correct understanding of the basic concept of the Christian Religious Education curriculum has a close relationship in the success of the curriculum development process and it’s implementation in the context of church service and in the context of general education in school.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa konsep ruang lingkup kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ruang lingkup dalam merumuskan kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Kristen mempertimbangkan unsur mahasiswa, dosen, lembaga pendidikan, pimpinan institusi, orangtua mahasiswa, gereja dan masyarakat. Pemahaman konsep kurikulum juga menjadi bagian penting dalam merumuskan kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Dengan hasil penelitian tersebut ditemukan tesis bahwa pemahaman yang benar terhadap konsep dasar kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Kristen memiliki relasi yang erat dalam keberhasilan proses pengembangan kurikulum dan pelaksanaannya dalam konteks pelayanan gereja maupun dalam konteks pendidikan umum di sekolah-sekolah.
MICRORNA-122 AS A BIOLOGICAL MARKER OF CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS C
Authors: Shevchenko-Makarenko O. P. , Shostakovych-Koretska L. R. , Dosenko V. E. , Drevytska T. I.
Published: September 2020

New epigenetic markers are being studied in various countries around the world to diagnose, predict, and treat the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. Epigenetics is currently studying the hereditary changes in gene expression or phenotype that are not related to the changes in DNA sequence. One field of epigenetics is the expression of RNA that does not encode a protein, namely miRNA, which is a molecule 18−22 nucleotides in length that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Circulating miRNAs are a new genetic material that can be isolated from a patient's blood. The expression level of a particular miRNA has different biological and clinical effects. By means of its determination in various miRNAs it is possible to predict development of diseases. In order to study the baseline expression of miRNA−122 in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C with the first HCV genotype, 74 patients were examined. Diagnosis and monitoring of the patients was performed according to the local protocols and bioethical standards. The level of miRNA−122 expression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C with the first HCV genotype was established by reverse transcription. Studies show that the level of miRNA−122 expression in the patients with HCV and healthy individuals showed significant variability. The obtained data indicate that the expression level of miRNA−122 in patients is 29 times higher than in healthy individuals at p = 0.0001 (U; Z). This can be an additional biomarker as an index of the presence of chronic viral hepatitis C and can be further used in practice. Therefore, the high level of miRNA−122 expression in subjects (≥ 8.771 rel. units (Log10 miR−122 ≥ 0.939 rel. units)) may be the basis for further screening of patients for HCV infection. The prospects of using this index, which will allow to personalize the diagnosis and treatment tactics for patients, that, in turn, will contribute to the implementation of the WHO global strategy for the elimination of viral hepatitis.

Key words: chronic viral hepatitis C, miRNA−122, elimination of viral hepatitis, biological marker.
WAYS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF PREVENTION AND MAIN REHABILITATION MEASURES IN TOXOPLASMOSIS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Bobrova O. V. , Nartov P. V. , Kryvonos K. A. , Zagorodnieva O. V.
Published: September 2020

One of the most pressing health problems worldwide is the fight against such common and socially significant parasites as toxoplasmosis. Epidemiology, prevention and rehabilitation of patients require careful study, as this invasion can lead to termination of pregnancy, stillbirth or birth of children with abnormalities of the central nervous system and visual organ, as toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis can result in complete loss of vision. It is known that congenital toxoplasmosis can be detected in decades by multifocal lesions of the central nervous system, auditory analyzer. Toxoplasmosis is characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations, which complicates the diagnosis of this disease; so far there are no specific methods of its prevention and rehabilitation programs. The causative agents of many parasitosis are potential biological threats, a number of these diseases, including toxoplasmosis, are associated with many immunodeficiency conditions, including HIV. The research aim was to improve the monitoring, regulation and improvement of the parasitological situation regarding toxoplasmosis in Ukraine by introducing a system of preventive measures against this invasion; development and use in the practice of medical institutions of methods of rehabilitation of patients with various forms of toxoplasmosis. Recommendations have been given to women on the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis when planning a pregnancy. The need to improve the monitoring system and main ways to solve problems in diagnosis, prevention and rehabilitation of patients with toxoplasmosis, especially for the population at high risk has been demonstrated. The priority tasks are the development of leading parasitologists of Ukraine methodological recommendations, protocols and algorithms of actions for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of patients with toxoplasmosis, the creation of appropriate regional centers, establishing a comprehensive national program to combat toxoplasmosis.

Key words: toxoplasmosis, parasitosis, prophylaxis, rehabilitation.
CHANGES IN SMALL INTESTINE MICROFLORA IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Lykhman V. M. , Shevchenko O. M. , Bilodid Ye. O. , Volchenko Igor Vladimirovich , Kulyk I. A. , Tokarev A. V.
Published: September 2020

Among urgent surgical diseases of abdominal cavity, an acute intestinal obstruction is the most difficult to be diagnosed and treated. Leading factor, determining the development of pathophysiological processes is considered to be the progressive manifestations of enteric insufficiency syndrome, resulting in intestinal barrier impairment, negative changes in ecology of intestinal flora, increased endotoxins. To identify the small intestine microflora in acute intestinal obstruction and determine the role of dysbiotic disorders in clinical manifestations of main pathological process, a study was conducted in 60 patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction. The small intestine has a relatively rare microflora, consisting mainly of gram−positive facultative aerobic microorganisms, streptococci, lactobacilli. The distal ileum in nearly 30−55 % of healthy people contains scanty microflora, and yet the flora of this area differs from the microbial population of the higher gastrointestinal tract due to higher concentration of gram−negative bacteria. Optional−anaerobic coliform bacilli, anaerobic bifidobacteria and fusobacteria, bacteroids, the number of which starts exceeding the one of gram−positive species, are presented in significant quantities. Distal to the ileocecal valve there are significant changes in the microflora quantitative and species composition. Obligatory anaerobic bacteria become the predominant part of microflora, exceeding the number of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The bacterial flora in different parts of gastrointestinal tract has its own specifics and is quite constant, as a result of the interaction of many factors, regulating the bacterial population in small intestine. The most important among them are: acidity of gastric juice, normal peristaltic activity of the intestine, bacterial interactions and immune mechanisms. Disorders of the intestine motor and evacuation function with its obstruction lead to slow passage of the chyme and contamination of the upper gastrointestinal tract with new types of microbes. There is a syndrome of small intestine excessive colonization, which means an increased concentration of bacterial populations in it, similar in species composition to the colon microflora. Pathological intra−intestinal contents become a source of endogenous infection and re−infection of the patient, leads to internal digestive disorders, which is manifested by syndrome of malabsorption of proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins.

Key words: acute intestinal obstruction, small intestinal microflora, conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, intestinal biocenosis.
CHOICE OF SURGERY TACTICS IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH RISK OF ANASTOMOTIC LEAK DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tymchenko M. Ye.
Published: September 2020

Intestinal resection is one of the most common surgeries performed on urgent indications, the most difficult is the decision in favor of the formation of primary anastomosis in the case of primary infection of abdominal cavity, multiple defects of the intestinal wall, as well as the general serious condition of a patient. In order to improve the methods of diagnosis and prevention of post−surgery complications, as well as personification of surgical tactics of treatment in the patients undergoing anastomotic surgeries in intestine, the results of treatment of 96 patients were analyzed. The level of serum cryoglobulins was determined by the method of A. E. Kalovidoris with modifications. The results of surgical treatment were evaluated according to the classification of D. Dindo et al. (2004). The use of cryoglobulin levels before surgery can significantly affect surgical tactics: at a low degree it is possible to perform resection of a segment of small intestine with the formation of primary small intestinal anastomoses; at average − it is possible to perform small−intestinal anastomoses with unloading intestinal stoma or with the location of the anastomosis extraperitoneally (if possible) and decompression of the anastomosis with an incubation probe; at high − it is expedient to supplement performance of an anastomosis with a variant of an enterostomy or "delayed" anastomoses, at a severe general condition of patients it is expedient to form final small intestinal stoma. Determining the level of cryoglobulinemia as a marker of the prognosis of failure of the sutures of intestinal anastomoses and the use of differentiated surgical tactics depending on the level of this index contributes to a significant improvement in direct results of surgical treatment of the patients undergoing resection of small intestine segments. The proposed tactics virtually eliminate the implementation of multi−stage surgical interventions and helps to reduce the duration of treatment of patients, reduce the level of post−surgery complications and mortality.

Key words: cryoglobulinemia, surgical treatment, small intestine, anastomoses.
Catalogue of the millipedes (Diplopoda) in Miller’s collection (Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czechia), part 2
Authors: Dolejš Petr , Kocourek Pavel
Published: September 2020

The present catalogue completes (as the second of the two parts) data for the millipede collection of Czech arachnologist František Miller (1902–1983), housed in the National Museum in Prague. This second part of the catalogue brings information on a total of 341 specimens belonging to 34 millipede species; these specimens were previously housed at Charles University in Prague, and later moved to the National Museum. The material was collected during 1927–1950 in the territory of modern-day Czechia and Slovakia. Chelogona carpathicum, Polydesmus tatranus and Trachysphaera acutula are species of special importance for Slovak faunistics, due to their endemic occurrence. Glomeris klugii is the first record for Slovakia. For Leptoiulus noricus and Polydesmus inconstans, these are chronologically the oldest records from the territory of Slovakia.
Analisis Pengaruh Public Relation dan Sales Promotion Terhadap Minat Beli Pada Produk Starbucks di Kota Bogor
Authors: Maulana Ardhi , Mulyana Mumuh
Published: September 2020

Technology and industry in Indonesia grow very rapidly and have an impact on changing lifestyle of the community which becomes easier, faster and more economical. So this is what cause the community to be very spoiled by all the conveniences of today’s development. However, the rapid growth of thr coffeeshop business lately has incrased competition. So that demand evey company engage in this industry must pay attention to and balance every need and desire of customer expectations so that statisfaction and trust can always be created which can ultimately lead to puchace interest. Therefore, it is important to conduct research to determne how the influence of public relation and sales promotion on buying interest in Starbucks products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of each indicator of Public Relation and Indicator of Sales Promotion on Purchase Interest in Starbucks product. This research uses quaanttative methods and data collection is done by distributing questioners online, to people who know Starbuck but have never bought, with a total  sample of 100 people. With technical analysis using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Which is processed using the AMOS 25 program. The result obtained in this study are variables Public Relation and Sales promotion have a positive and significant effect purchase intention.

 

Keywords : public relation, sales promotion and purchase intention
INITIAL DATA FOR FIRE RISK ASSESSMEN CALCULATION
Authors: Кирик Екатерина Сергеевна , Хасанов Ирек Равильевич , Литвинцев Кирилл Юрьевич , Ягодка Евгений Алексеевич
Published: September 2020

На основе рассмотрения нормативных требований и исследований проведения расчетов по определению расчетной величины пожарного риска для общественных зданий осуществлен анализ состава исходных данных, используемых при численном моделировании пожаров. Показано, что от состава и качества исходных данных зависят результат расчета и, как следствие, качество разрабатываемых противопожарных мероприятий. Приведена классификация исходных данных, принимаемых в расчетах по определению расчетной величины пожарного риска для объекта защиты. Выделены два основных набора данных: получаемые на объекте и определяемые сформулированными сценариями по результатам обследования объекта. Приведен список параметров, которые оказывают качественное и количественное влияние на результат расчета, представлены способы определения количественных значений таких параметров, как площадь горения, удельная масса горючей нагрузки.

There is carried out the analysis of the initial data structure used for numerical modeling of fires based on regulatory requirements and investigation in performance of calculations to determine the estimated value of fire risk for municipal buildings. It is shown that the calculation result depends on the composition and quality of the initial data. And as a consequence, the quality of the developed fire prevention measures also depends on the composition and quality of the initial data. There is given the classification of the initial data used in calculations to determine the estimated value of fire risk for the object of protection. The two main data sets are distinguished: those obtained on the object and those determined by formulated scenarios. A list of parameters that have a qualitative and quantitative impact on the calculation result is provided. Methods for determining the quantitative values of such parameters as the fire area, specific mass of the combustible load are presented.