bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Intrinsic Formulation of Incompressible Navier-Stokes Turbulent Flow
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: July 2019

This paper proposed an explicit and simple representation of velocity fluctuation and the Reynolds stress tensor in terms of the mean velocity field. The proposed turbulence equations are closed. The proposed formulations reveal that the mean vorticity is the key source of producing turbulence. It is found that there are no velocity fluctuation and turbulence if there were no vorticity. As a natural consequence, the laminar- turbulence transition condition was obtained in a rational way.
Self-Improving Generative Artificial Neural Network for Pseudo-Rehearsal Incremental Class Learning
Authors: Mellado Diego , Saavedra Carolina , Chabert Steren , Torres Romina , Salas Rodrigo
Published: July 2019

Deep learning models are part of the family of artificial neural networks and, as such, it suffers of catastrophic interference when they learn sequentially. In addition, most of these models have a rigid architecture which prevents the incremental learning of new classes. To overcome these drawbacks, in this article we propose the Self-Improving Generative Artificial Neural Network (SIGANN), a type of end-to-end Deep Neural Network system which is able to ease the catastrophic forgetting problem when leaning new classes. In this method, we introduce a novelty detection model to automatically detect samples of new classes, moreover an adversarial auto-encoder is used to produce samples of previous classes. This system consists of three main modules: a classifier module implemented using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network, a generator module based on an adversarial autoencoder; and a novelty detection module, implemented using an OpenMax activation function. Using the EMNIST data set, the model was trained incrementally, starting with a small set of classes. The results of the simulation show that SIGANN is able to retain previous knowledge with a gradual forgetfulness for each learning sequence. Moreover, SIGANN can detect new classes that are hidden in the data and, therefore, proceed with incremental class learning.
Reflections of Wage Discrimination on Poverty: Assessment of Indian Rural Labour Market
Authors: Singh Santosh K. , Mishra Anup K.
Published: July 2019

In this research paper, we have tried to probe the effect or reflections of wage discrimination on poverty. It is found that the differences in the wage determination process in the public and private sectors may result in earning differentials across socio-religious groups.  Many of the research community have been given data about discrimination in the labour market. In this particular paper, we have given the results of data interpretation for wage discrimination and its direct or indirect relation with poverty. The analysis has been presented for mainly three types of work; regular, casual and self-employed work. For the query of wage discrimination and its effect on poverty, we had divided the households into two parts, the first type of households whose household’s MPCE is below the poverty line and second whose household’s MPCE is higher the poverty line. The findings of the study make clear that the average daily wage for all type work of lower caste is less than the upper caste. The results also show that the poor household has found higher in lower caste in comparison to upper caste. The differences in the average wage-earning among the social groups for the same types of work may be the case of discrimination and poverty. The result argued to policymakers that they should frame an appropriate plan to address this issue and work for indiscrimination in the labour market and job creation in the rural areas.
Effectiveness of NGOs and Quality of Life of the Beneficiaries
Authors: Balaraju K.
Published: July 2019

Organizational effectiveness influences the NGOs performance in various important aspects like stakeholders’ satisfaction, expertise solutions in their area of operation, goal achievement and innovation. NGOs operate in order to improve their beneficiaries’ quality of life aspects. The present study focuses on the relationship between the effectiveness of NGOs and the quality of life experiences of their beneficiaries. Using standard stratified disproportionate random sampling method 10 NGOs were selected, further from the sample list of 10 NGOs 100 staff members and 300 beneficiaries were selected for the purpose of the present study. The result indicated that the effectiveness of NGOs and QOL of the beneficiaries are positively and significantly correlated. To be more specific “ Programme Effectiveness”, as a dimension of the effectiveness of NGOs was the strongest correlate of QOL, followed by “ Agency Appreciation”,  “ Innovation” and “Grass Root Impact”.  All the least correlated dimensions are “Target Group Involvement” and “Resource Appreciation”.              

 
LIMITACIONES TERRITORIALES Y MEDIOAMBIENTALES AL TURISMO: CAPACIDAD DE CARGA Y CAPACIDAD DE ACOGIDA
Authors: BAUZÁ MARTORELL FELIO JOSÉ
Published: July 2019

La masificación del turismo –consecuencia del abaratamiento de los medios de transporte, de la economía colaborativa, de la aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones al turismo…- genera no pocos problemas de seguridad, medio ambientales, de recursos (suministro de agua potable y energía eléctrica, generación de residuos…).
Este fenómeno obliga a las Administraciones Públicas, en función de sus distintas competencias, a reconsiderar su intervención administrativa y limitar el acceso a determinados espacios y enclaves, debidamente justificados, con fórmulas diversas, desde la tributación hasta la restricción directa de la movilidad. Esta limitación de acceso al dominio público plantea problemas de índole jurídica por la restricción que opera sobre el uso público general de estos bienes públicos.
“¿LA AUSENCIA DE AUTONOMÍA JURISDICCIONAL AERONÁUTICA EN LA ARGENTINA REPRESENTA UN SERIO RIESGO PARA LOS DERECHOS DEL TURISTA?”: Comentario a la Sentencia de la Cámara Federal de Apelaciones de Córdoba, Secretaría Civil II, Sala A, en los autos “L.O.H. c/ LATAM s/DAÑOS Y PERJUICIOS” de fecha 26 de septiembre del año 2018
Authors: FRONTERA ERNESTO , HIDALGO GUADALUPE , RIVAROLA HUGO
Published: July 2019

Inexistencia de un fuero especializado en materia de Navegación Aérea. Derechos de los turistas. Competencia e incompetencia federal. Seguridad Jurídica y garantías constitucionales.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris pada Anak Usia Dini di Kec Sukolilo Surabaya
Authors: Arumsari Andini Dwi , Arifin Bustomi , Rusnalasari Zulidyana Dwi
Published: July 2019

English has been used as a language of communication since early childhood. These demands make parents vying to include their children to schools that use English as a medium of language in learning. Learning English as a foreign language in Indonesia began to reach the level of early childhood education. Children aged 0-6 years which is a golden age (golden age) and is a critical period in the stage of human life that will determine the development of the next child. All aspects of language use should be introduced to the child before this golden age ends. English on the AUD has begun to be introduced at the kindergarten level. In learning English requires appropriate learning methods to increase interest and desire of students in using English in learning activities that are fun and interested students, both oral and written fluently and in accordance with its social context. This research seeks to gain knowledge about early childhood education related to English language learning in kindergarten education in Sukolilo sub-district of Surabaya city. Data collection techniques were conducted by interviews to obtain verbal information directly. From the total number of 57 kindergartens in Sukolilo sub-district, there are 28 kindergarten that become the research place. From the data obtained, as many as 28 kindergarten who became the subject of research has provided learning English during the learning proces.
Pengaruh Tari Ayam Modifikasi Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak Jabal Rahmah Padang
Authors: Oktari Henifo , Marlina Serli
Published: July 2019

This research begins with the challenge of implementing gross motor development that has not supported coordinated body movement. This study aims to find out how to change the gross motoric skills of children in Jabal Rahmah Padang Kindergarten. This study uses quantitative compilation of Quasi Eksperiments. The study population was all children in Jabal Rahmah Padang Kindergarten, and the Purvosive Sampling sampling technique, namely classes B1 and B2 each of which could be contacted by 10 children. Thehtechniquehofhcollectinghdatahusinghahtesthconsists of 5 points of approval and a data collection tool using the approving sheet.hThenhthehdatahishprocessed by the difference test (t-test). Based on the data analysis, the average experimental class test is 85 and SD is 8.06 while the control class 77 and SD is 6,78 in the hypothesis testing obtained by tcount (2,279 and ttable  of 2,100 at the real level = 0,05 and dk = 18. It can be concluded that the use of modified chicken dance opposes the gross motor development of children in Jabal Rahmah Padang Kindergarten 2018/2019.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Job Burnout, Psychological Attachment, and the Career Calling of Chinese Doctors
Authors: Zhang Shu'e , Wang Jinghui , Xie Fengzhe , Yin Dong , Shi Yu , Zhang Min , Li Fujun , Yang Libin , Cao Depin , Sun Tao
Published: July 2019

Background: The main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among doctors, (2) establish associations with demographic factors in China, and (3) examine the mediating role of psychological attachment in the relationship between job burnout and career calling.
Methods:This cross-sectional survey was conducted by administering an online questionnaire in May 2016. The survey was performed across Thirty provinces. In total,A total of 3,016 Chinese doctors were selected as participants, of which 2,617 completed valid questionnaires (effective response rate: 86.77%).
Results: The overall prevalence of burnout symptoms among Chinese doctors was 85.79%. Little variance was reported for burnout symptoms according to age (Wald2 = 6.843, P < 0.05, OR <1 ), professional title (Wald2 = 13.110, P < 0.05, OR > 1), and working hours (Wald 2= 7.226, P < 0.05, OR > 1). However, the burnout of Chinese doctors was found to be associated with psychological attachment (B = -0.6433, P < 0.0001) and career calling (B = 0.3653, P < 0.0001); furthermore, psychological attachment (B = 0.2350, P < 0.001) mediated the relationship between job burnout and career calling.
Conclusion: Burnout symptoms among Chinese doctors were prevalent and associated with age, professional title, and long working hours. Chinese doctors aged 20-30 experienced a much higher level of burnout symptoms. The longer hours doctors worked, the more likely they were at risk of burnout symptoms, especially among attending physicians. Doctors who endured high-level burnout tended to exhibit decreasing psychological attachment, which threatened their sense of career calling. Finally, this paper proposed related explanations for the function mechanisms based on both theoretical and practical perspectives.
Low STMN1 is associated with better prognosis in Asian patients with esophageal cancers: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Shasha , Zhang Wei , Shen Peihong , Xu Ruiping
Published: July 2019

Background

The role of STMN1 in the development and progression of esophageal carcinoma is not yet determined. The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the correlation between STMN1 and prognosis of patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Methods

Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were searched to identify studies evaluating the impact of STMN1 on the survival of esophageal cancer patients, without the language limitation. Two investigators screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the quality of the included studies. The combined analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.

Results

A total of 8 studies, involving 1240 esophageal carcinoma patients, were included in this retrospective design. Meta-analysis showed that esophageal carcinoma patients with low STMN1 had a superior overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than those with high expression of STMN1. Compared to the high expression of STMN1, the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with low level of STMN1. Patients with high STMN1 expression had a higher risk of experiencing clinical grade III-IV disease, lymph node metastasis, and tumor invasion than those with low STMN1.

Conclusion

STMN1 is an indicator for the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma patients.
A Bayesian mesh meta-analysis of medicine treatment in patients with enuresis
Authors: Han Tao , Chen Shujing , Li Yuan , Gong Jinchao , Zhang Xiaoning
Published: July 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of multiple methods for enuresis and chose optimal treatment plan.

Methods

We searched Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library for included articles. All data were analyzed comprehensively using aggregate data drug information system (ADDIS) software (1.16.5). The random effects model was used for all test models. Node-splitting analysis and inconsistency standard deviation (ISD) were applied for consistency test. For node-splitting analysis (NSA) with Pb > 0.05, consistency model was chosen for analysis. Otherwise, the inconsistency model was used.

Results

Twenty-one studies were included in this meta-analysis. For the response rates, desmopressin acetate tablets (dDAVP) + Tolterodine (Tol), dDAVP + Imipramine (Imi), Imi + oxybutynin (Oxy), and Imi + Pseudoephedrine (Pse) treatment were the best, while the efficacy of Verapamil (Ver), Mianserin (Mia) and Estradiol (Est) were the worst. For the mean number of nocturia indicator, the effects of dDAVP + Imi and dDAVP + Tamsulosin (Tam) treatment were the best, while the efficacy of Imi was the worst. For nocturnal urine volume, the effects of dDAVP + Oxy and dDAVP + Tam were the best, while the efficacy of Pse and Tam were the worst. However, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). For adverse effects index, the incidence of adverse effects of Est and dDAVP + Imi was the lowest, the incidence of Ver was the highest.

Conclusions

The effects of dDAVP + Imi and dDAVP + Tam were the best, while Ver was with the worst efficacy.
Risk factors for intra-abdominal abscess following laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis: a retrospective cohort study on 2,076 patients
Authors: Tartaglia Dario , Fatucchi Lorenzo Maria , Mazzoni Alessio , Miccoli Mario , Piccini Lorenzo , Cengeli Ismail , Cobuccio Luigi , Bertolucci Andrea , Pucciarelli Marsia , Galatioto Christian , Saverio Salomone Di , Chiarugi Massimo
Published: July 2019

Background. Intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA) may develop after laparoscopic appendectomies (LA) for acute appendicitis. The identification of risk factors for postoperative IAA could lead to a decrease in the readmission rate and surgery redoes after LA for acute appendicitis.
Materials and methods. We reviewed 2,076 patients managed via a LA for acute appendicitis between 2001 and 2017. Male gender accounted for 53.5% of patients. Mean age was 29.5 (SD ± 18.47) years. Thirty-seven patients (1.8%) developed a postoperative IAA. Comparison between groups was made via univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results. Male gender (p<0.05), ASA score ≥ 2 (p<0.05), a gangrenous or perforated appendicitis (p<0.0001), abscess or pelvic peritonitis (p<0.0001), clipping the mesoappendix (p<0.0001), appendix division by mechanical stapler (p<0.05), and prolonged antibiotic therapy (p<0.01) were significantly more frequent in the group of patients with IAA. In terms of multivariate analysis, only pelvic peritonitis (p < 0.005), a perforated appendicitis (p <0.05), and clipping the mesoappendix (p < 0.0001) were independent predictive factors for postoperative IAA
Conclusion. Patients with peritonitis or a perforated appendicitis, and those who had their mesoappendix clipped showed a higher likelihood of developing an IAA. At-risk patients should be provided with careful follow-up for the early detection and management of this complication.
Two-year outcome of an eye that underwent hyperopic LASIK following inadvertent myopic SMILE lenticule in situ implantation
Authors: Zhao Jing , Shang Jianmin , Niu Lingling , Xu Haipeng , Yang Dong , Zhao Yu , Fu Dan , Zhou Xingtao
Published: July 2019

Background: This report describes a case in which hyperopic femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) was performed following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) lenticule in situ implantation.
Case presentation: The hyperopic left eye of a 46-year-old patient with refraction of +7.75 diopters sphere (DS)/-1.25 diopters cylinder (DC)  5° and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/50 mistakenly underwent the SMILE procedure for myopic astigmatism (-8.50 DS/-1.50 DC  175°) due to medical negligence. The extracted lenticule was subsequently re-implanted in situ. After 8 months, the left eye underwent FS-LASIK to correct hyperopia and astigmatism (+5.0 DS/-0.75 DC × 100°). Two years after FS-LASIK, corneal tomography showed no ectasia and microscopy revealed transparent cornea. The left eye exhibited CDVA of 20/50 with refraction of -0.75 DS/-0.25 DC × 165°.
Conclusions: SMILE lenticule in situ implantation offers a solution for corneal volume and thickness restoration. In addition, FS-LASIK provides feasible and effective correction of refractive error following lenticule re-implantation.
TOXIC ANTERIOR SEGMEN SYNDROME PASCA SMALL INCISION CATARACT SURGERY: LAPORAN KASUS
Authors: Mahanani Esti , Mabrouka Alia , Mabrouka Alia
Published: July 2019

Toxic anterior segmen syndrome (TASS) adalah suatu komplikasi inflamasi

segmen anterior yang bersifat akut, steril, dan non infeksius yang bisa terjadi pada

semua jenis operasi di segmen anterior. Kondisi ini mempunyai gambaran klinis

yang mirip dengan endoftalmitis infeksius pada awal pasca operasi. Laporan

kasus ini melaporkan suatu kasus TASS yang terjadi 20 jam pasca small incision

cataract surgery. Kasus ini memberikan prognosis baik dengan terapi steroid

topikal yang intensif
MANAJEMEN PRIVASI KOMUNIKASI MAJLIS SEMA’AN AL-QUR’ĀN JANTIKO MANTAB DAN DZIKRUL GHŌFĪLĪN
Authors: Santoso Bobby Rachman
Published: July 2019

This research purpose to describe the communication of the Majlis Sema'an Al-Qur'ān Jantiko Mantab and Dzikrul Ghōfīlīn in their position as a group that has influential religious activities and is in the public interest.By using communication privacy management theory, the author tries to explain the dialectical process carried out by MSQ Jantiko Mantab and Dzikrul Ghōfīlīn in developing their activities.The result, that MSQ Jantiko Mantab and Dzikrul Ghōfīlīn conducted the opening of private information with direct and indirect communication.They congregation conducted the opening of private information aimed at clarifying misunderstandings regarding the activities of the MSQ of Jantiko Mantab and Dzikrul Ghōfīlīn. Information disclosure also purpose to develop the MSQ Jantiko Mantab and Dzikrul Ghōfīlīn in various regions. It was proven that initially only a few people attended, now thousands of people followed, and their activities were carried out in various regions, especially East Java.
Relasi Gender Suami Istri: Studi Pandangan Tokoh Aisyiyah
Authors: Syarif Ahmad Arif
Published: July 2019

Gender issues that come to the marital area seem to be contradictory to classical marriage jurisprudence, therefore it is necessary to know women's points of view to find out how significant of the discourse contributes to family life. Base on this argument, this research discussed the gender relations of husband and wife by focusing on the views of the Aisyiyah women leaders. This research was carried out by field research to interview then intensively some of Aisyiyah figures. The data collected was processed qualitatively to find a conclusion of the study using a normative and anthropological approach. Aisyiyah figure who was interviewed agreed on a balanced husband and wife gender relationship, such as the wife's ability to make a living and become a (leader) head of the family. The different views are only on women's ability to be guardians in marriage. These differences are more influenced by the background of life culture and knowledge about the gender issue.
Dinamika Perempuan Berpolitik: Strategi Pengembangan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera di Era Reformasi
Authors: Parmudi Mochamad , Warsito Tulus , Jatmika Sidik
Published: July 2019

Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) is a unique and phenomenal party, it was born from the womb of a social-religious movement named Jama'ah Tarbiyah which later morphed into an Islamic political party. The PKS social base is a middle-class, educated and young Muslim community. This research explores the strategy of developing PKS in Kebumen District from 1999 to 2014 in the dynamics of Indonesian Islamic politics. This research reveals the unique pheno­menon of PKS Kebumen's role in an electoral manner in the distribution of votes and seats in the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD). The method of approach uses pheno­menological studies. The results of this study are that PKS was born of an ideology or Islamic religious thought. His birth was acceptable to the community because PKS approached the community through collective actions such as; majlis ta'līm, social services, natural disaster assistance, channeling financial loan funds, establishing school buildings, and places of worship.
Sustainable hydrogen production from seawater and sewage treated water using reverse electrodialysis technology
Authors: Higa Mitsuru , Watanabe Takeshi , Yasukawa Masahiro , Endo Nobutaka , Kakihana Yuriko , Futamura Hidenobu , Inoue Katsuhiro , Miyake Haruo , Usui Jiro , Hayashi Azusa , Matsuhashi Manabu
Published: July 2019

A pilot-scale sustainable hydrogen production system using reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology was launched. The system is based on direct conversion of salinity gradient energy (SGE) between seawater (SW) and sewage treated water (STW) to hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The hydrogen production rate was almost the same as the theoretical value. This indicates that the RED hydrogen production system can convert SGE between SW and STW to hydrogen energy at high current efficiency.
Study on the treatment of simulated azo dye wastewater by a novel micro-electrolysis filler
Authors: Sun Zhen-Zhu , Liu Zhong-Hai , Han Le , Qin Dong-Ling , Yang Gang , Xing Wei-Hong
Published: July 2019

A new type of iron-copper-carbon (Fe-Cu-C) ternary micro-electrolysis filler was prepared with a certain proportion of iron powder, activated carbon, bentonite, copper powder, etc. The effect of the new type of micro-electrolysis filler on the simulated methyl orange dye wastewater was studied. The effects of various operational parameters, such as reaction time, initial pH value, aeration rate, filler dose and reaction temperature, on the degradation rate of methyl orange were studied to determine the optimum treatment conditions, and the micro-electrolysis filler was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results show that the degradation rate of 220 mL of simulated dye wastewater with a concentration of 100 mg/L reached 93.41% ± 2.94% after 60 mL/min of aeration, with an initial pH = 2, a dose of 45 g and 125 minutes of reaction at room temperature. The new micro-electrolysis filler has a high degradation rate for methyl orange solution, which is attributed to the iron and activated carbon particles sintered into an integrated structure, which makes the iron and carbon difficult to separate and affects the galvanic cell reaction. The addition of copper also greatly increases the transmission efficiency of electrons, which promotes the reaction. In addition, the surface iron is consumed, the adjacent carbon is stripped layer by layer, and the new micro-electrolytic filler does not easily passivate and agglomerate during its use.
Mitochondrial Injury and Targeted Intervention in Septic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tan Ying , Chen Sainan , Zhong Jiankai , Ren Jun , Dong Maolong
Published: July 2019

Background:

Sepsis and septic shock are known to prompt multiple organ failure including cardiac contractile dysfunction, which is typically referred to as septic cardiomyopathy. Among various theories postulated for the etiology of septic cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial injury (both morphology and function) in the heart is perceived as the main culprit for reduced myocardial performance and ultimately heart failure in the face of sepsis.

Methods:

Over the past decades, ample of experimental and clinical work have appeared, focusing on myocardial mitochondrial changes and related interventions in septic cardiomyopathy.

Results and Conclusion:

Here we will briefly summarize the recent experimental and clinical progress on myocardial mitochondrial morphology and function in sepsis, and discuss possible underlying mechanisms, as well as the contemporary interventional options.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications - A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shanmuganathan Rajasree , Karuppusamy Indira , Saravanan Muthupandian , Muthukumar Harshiny , Ponnuchamy Kumar , Ramkumar Vijayan Sri , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan
Published: July 2019

Generally, silver is considered as a noble metal used for treating burn wound infections, open wounds and cuts. However, the emerging nanotechnology has made a remarkable impact by converting metallic silver into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for better applications. The advancement in technology has improved the synthesis of NPs using biological method instead of physical and chemical methods. Nonetheless, synthesizing AgNPs using biological sources is ecofriendly and cost effective. Till date, AgNPs are widely used as antibacterial agents; therefore, a novel idea is needed for the successful use of AgNPs as therapeutic agents to uncertain diseases and infections. In biomedicine, AgNPs possess significant advantages due to their physical and chemical versatility. Indeed, the toxicity concerns regarding AgNPs have created the need for non-toxic and ecofriendly approaches to produce AgNPs. The applications of AgNPs in nanogels, nanosolutions, silver based dressings and coating over medical devices are under progress. Still, an improvised version of AgNPs for extended applications in an ecofriendly manner is the need of the hour. Therefore, the present review emphasizes the synthesis methods, modes of action under dissipative conditions and the various biomedical applications of AgNPs in detail.
Gut Microbiota, Obesity and Bariatric Surgery: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
Authors: Cӑtoi Adriana Florinela , Vodnar Dan Cristian , Corina Andreea , Nikolic Dragana , Citarrella Roberto , Pérez-Martínez Pablo , Rizzo Manfredi
Published: July 2019

Background::

There is an urgent need for a better understanding and management of obesity and obesity- associated diseases. It is known that obesity is associated with structural and functional changes in the microbiome.

Methods::

The purpose of this review is to present current evidence from animal and human studies, demonstrating the effects and the potential efficacy of microbiota modulation in improving obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions.

Results::

This review discusses possible mechanisms linking gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity, since there is a dual interaction between the two of them. Furthermore, comments on bariatric surgery, as a favourable model to understand the underlying metabolic and inflammatory effects, as well as its association with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, are included. Also, a possible impact of anti-obesity drugs and the novel antidiabetic drugs on the gut microbiota has been briefly discussed.

Conclusion::

More research is needed to better understand here discussed the association between microbiota modulation and obesity. It is expected that research in this field, in the following years, will lead to a personalized therapeutic approach considering the patient’s microbiome, and also give rise to the discovery of new drugs and/or the combination therapies for the management of obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities.
Drug Levels and Antibodies Against TNF-blockers in Spondyloarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis are Associated with the Activity but they do Not Predict it
Authors: Padilla-Martínez Erika Marcela , Romero-Sanchez Consuelo , Bello-Gualtero Juan Manuel , Mesa-Betancourt Ana Maria , Bautista-Molano Wilson , Valle-O Rafael
Published: July 2019

Background:

Many patients may have resistance to TNF-blockers. These drugs may induce
neutralizing antibodies. The determination of the drug levels of TNF-blockers and Anti-Drug
Antibodies (ADAs) against TNF-blockers may help to make clinical decisions.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to associate and predict the drug levels of TNFblockers
and ADAs in relation to disease activity in patients with Spondyloarthritis (SpA) and
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Methods:

Cross-sectional study including patients fulfilling ASAS classification criteria for SpA
and 2010 ACR-EULAR classification criteria for RA. These patients were treated with Adalimumab
(ADA), Infliximab (IFX), and Etanercept (ETN). A bivariate analysis and the chi-square test
were performed to evaluate the association of ADAs and drug levels with activity measures for
SpA and RA. Five regression models analyzing drug levels, ADAs and disease activity measures
using a multiple linear regression were performed in order to evaluate the prediction of ADAs and
drug levels in relation to disease activity.

Results:

In SpA, IFX levels were associated with BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease
Activity Index) (p=0.034). In RA, total drug levels were associated with DAS28-ESR (28 joint
Disease activity Score-erythrocyte sedimentation rate), (p=0.008), DAS28-CRP (p=0.042), CDAI
(Clinical Disease Activity Index) (p=0.047) and SDAI (Simple Disease activity index), (p=0.017).
ADA levels had association with CDAI (p=0.002) and SDAI (p=0.002). IFX levels were associated
with a DAS28-ESR (p=0.044), DAS28-CRP (p=0.022) and SDAI (p=0.022). ADAs were associated
in SpA with BASDAI (p=0.027). Drug levels and ADAs did not predict disease activity in
patients with SpA or RA.

Conclusions:

ADAs and drug levels of anti-TNF are associated with disease activity measures in
patients with SpA and RA. However, they cannot predict clinical activity in these conditions.
Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of Intravenous Ketamine versus Intravenous Morphine in Reducing Pain of Renal Colic Patients: Double-Blind Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Forouzan Arash , Masoumi Kambiz , Motamed Hassan , Esfahani Seyed Reza Naji , Delirrooyfard Ali
Published: July 2019

Background:

The effective relief of renal colic patients with low complications is one of
the important concerns of emergency physicians. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of
injectable ketamine as an alternative to routine drugs in the relief of pain in patients with renal colic.

Methods:

This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on patients who had suffered kidney pain
due to kidney stones in 2017, referred to Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital. Patients were divided into
2 groups: the first group received intravenous ketamine (0.3 mg/kg) and the second group received
intravenous morphine (0.1 mg/kg) in a double-blind form. Finally, the mean pain was evaluated before
injection, after 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes as the initial result while the side effects were considered
as secondary results.

Results:

In this study, 135 patients with renal colic participate in this study. The mean pain at the
time of referral to the hospital in the group receiving morphine and ketamine was 9.2 and 9.2, respectively,
which did not show any significant difference. Based on these findings, there was no significant
difference between the factors evaluated during the study of the two groups. Only in the ketamine
group, there were 3 cases of nausea and 1 of vomiting. However, there was a significant increase
in the need for additional doses of fentanyl in the morphine recipient group (p = 0.02).

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that the use of ketamine can produce a more rapid relief effect,
and decrease the use of opioids which create various complications, including nausea and vomiting in
patients, especially patients with renal colic.
Empowered AODV Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network using Three Variable RSA Cryptosystem
Authors: Agarwal Amit K. , Chandra Munesh , Sarangdevot S.S.
Published: July 2019

Background:

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a type of networks which primarily
designed for the purpose of monitoring in remote areas. It consists of communicating nodes (called
sensor's) which communicate each other to share their data and passing the information to the central
node. In many applications like defence requires the secure communication of information. However,
due to the numerous characteristics of WSN such as open shared communication channel, limited
memory, and processing power of sensors, etc. these networks are vulnerable to various attacks such
as black hole, gray hole, etc.

Objective:

The objective of the paper is to secure the AODV routing protocol in WSN using cryptography
techniques.

Methods:

In this paper, the Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been
chosen for information routing because of their lightweight processing capability. To provide secure
communication in WSN, the AODV routing protocol is secured by utilizing the RSA key generation
algorithm. Here, RSA with three variables (three prime numbers) is employed instead of two variables.

Results:

The effectiveness of the proposed approach in handling black hole attack is being verified
through the simulation results obtained from the experiments conducted using Network Simulator
tool (NS2). The three popular performance metrics namely Average End-to-End Delay, Packet Delivery
Ratio, and Average Throughput are used for evaluation purpose. These results are observed
under different pose time and varying number of malicious nodes.

Conclusion:

In this paper, a new three variable RSA cryptosystem-based security model is proposed
to protect the communication against the Black Hole (BH) attack in wireless sensor networks. The
use of three variables instead of two variables allows our model to provide more security as compared
to other methods. Simulation results obtained from the experiments carried out using NS2 tool
evident the performance of the proposed model over original AODV and other previous models.
The Effects of Font Type on Reading Accuracy and Fluency in Japanese Children with Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Gotoh Takashi , Uno Akira , Tani Naoki , Uchiyama Toshiaki , Yamanaka Toshimasa
Published: July 2019

We administered rapid reading tasks in Japanese children (32 with typical development and 24 with developmental dyslexia), and investigated the effects of two different font types: Rounded-Gothic and Mincho style font. In the experiment, we used four kinds of stimuli: two scripts (paragraphs and random kana character non-words) in two font types (Rounded-Gothic and Mincho style font). In this experiment, the duration time, the number of errors and the number of self-corrections were measured during reading. Participants were asked which font type was easier to read. There was no significant difference in the duration time, the number of errors and the number of self-corrections between two types of fonts among the 56 participants. On the other hand, regarding subjective readability, the developmental dyslexia group reported that the Rounded-Gothic font was easier to read. There was a difference between objective and subjective readability. In this study, there was no difference in reading performance of Rounded-Gothic and Mincho style fonts in Japanese children with developmental dyslexia.
DIFFERENTIATION OF BOVINE AND PORCINE GELATINES USING LC-MS/MS AND CHEMOMETRICS
Authors: SALAMAH NINA , ERWANTO YUNY , MARTONO SUDIBYO , MAULANA IRFAN , ROHMAN ABDUL
Published: July 2019

Objective: To differentiate porcine gelatin and bovine gelatins using specific peptide markers as determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and classify both gelatins using retention time and m/z as variables in principal component analysis (PCA).

Methods: Porcine and bovine gelatins were digested using trypsin enzyme and then subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. The specific peptides were identified. The classification between porcine and bovine gelatins was carried out using chemometrics of PCA using retention times and mass to charge ratio (m/z) as variables.

Results: PCA using singvariables retention times (tR) and m/z could successfully classify porcine gelatin and bovine gelatin based on score plots of first principle component (PC1) and second principle component (PC2). The loading plot analysis showed that variable of tR32 and m/z32 contributed for the separation of both gelatins.

Conclusion: The chromatograms of LC-MS/MS combined with PCA offered reliable method for differentiation between porcine and bovine gelatins. The developed method could be extended for halal authentication of food and pharmaceutical products via detection of porcine gelatin, non-halal gelatin.
DEVELOPMENT OF HERBAL CAPSULES CONTAINING MULBERRY LEAF AND BLACK TEA EXTRACTS USING THE MODIFIED LIQUISOLID TECHNIQUES
Authors: Noppharat Kansuphak , Jaipakdee Napaphak , Limpongsa Ekapol
Published: July 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop the capsules containing mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and black tea extract (BTE).
Methods: MLE and BTE were prepared by maceration and determined for phytochemicals, in vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities using the enzymatic colorimetric assay. The granules of MLE and BTE were prepared by the application of liquisolid technique and evaluated for the flow properties. The selected granule formulation was filled into the hard gelatin capsule and evaluated for weight variation and disintegration.
Results: The yields of MLE and BTE solid extracts were 8.12 and 4.23% w/w, respectively. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were 32.46±5.22 mg TAE/g DW and 44.03±3.37 mg QE/g DW for MLE and 244.66±23.28 mg TAE/g DW and 214.43±3.22 mg QE/g DW for BTE, respectively. The IC50 for alpha-amylase of MLE and BTE were 0.69±0.04 and 3.34±0.08 mg/ml, respectively; whereas those for alpha-glucosidase of MLE and BTE were 0.67±0.42 and 0.43±0.15 mg/ml, respectively. The granule prepared with MCC and silica at the ratio of 20:1 showed the highest flowability. The weight variation of the prepared MLE and BTE capsules was within the range of the limitation criteria of ±5%. The average disintegration time of capsules was 1.1±0.1 min.
Conclusion: Herbal capsules of MLE and BTE were successfully prepared. The suitable carrier and coating were MCC and silica with a ratio of 20:1. This study revealed the potential application of liquisolid technique as a tool to produce a capsule of herbal crude extracts.
VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD OF 2,5-HEXANEDIONE ON URINE BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: MUCHTARIDI MUCHTARIDI , Megawati Kurnia , Saputri Febrina Amelia , Mulyana Mulyana
Published: July 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain a valid analytical method for determining the level of 2,5-hexanedione in the urine of oil industry workers.
Methods: Gas Chromatography (GC) was employed to analyze 2,5-hexanedione in the urine. The analysis was done using HP-5 (Crosslinked methyl siloxane) capillary columns 30 m x 0.320 mm long, film thickness 0.25 μm. The temperature of the detector temperature was 300 °C, and the injector temperature was 250 °C. The helium gas flow rate was 2 ml/min. The detector was Flame Ionization Detection (FID). Parameters of system suitability test and validation were obtained.
Results: This study results that the method of analysis 2,5-hexanedione in urine by Gas Chromatography (GC) confirm the requirements of the validation method with a linearity was 0.99963, accuracy was in the range of 99.16% to 114.13%, the precision with % coefficient of variation was 1.65% to 5.16%, % coefficient variation of specificity was 0.027%, limit of detection was 0.054 μg/ml and limit of quantification was 0.18 μg/ml.
Conclusion: The proposed GC method meets the acceptance criteria of validation parameters and can be applied for routine analysis.
QUANTITATIVE VIBRATIONAL METHODS DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PERFORMANCE COMPARISON TO COLORIMETRY ON THE ASSAY OF KANAMYCIN SULFATE
Authors: NUGRAHANI ILMA , FAUZIA RIZKA
Published: July 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) method for a non-chromophore antibiotic, kanamycin sulfate. Afterward, it was compared to other quantitative methods, namely colorimetry using ninhydrin.

Methods: FTIR was used to determine the level of kanamycin sulfate. Firstly, the absorbance spectra were measured. To increase the specificity, it used mathematical derivation, which would separate the active compound's spectrum clearer from the other component of the dosage form. The clearest absorbance spectra was found at 1540-1480 cm-1, as the N-H bending, which then was used as the base for the quantitative analysis. This method was then applied to determine the kanamycin sulfate content in the commercial reconstitution-injection dosage form. Afterward, the analysis performance compared to another method which had established, namely colorimetry. The counterpart method was using ninhydrin as the chemical reagent to produce a chromophore, which able to be measured by visible spectrophotometry. Validation test checked the parameters such as linearity, LOD, LOQ, range, accuracy, and precision, continuing to evaluate and to compare the time and material involved  with the colorimetry as the counterpart.

Results: The results showed that FTIR for kanamycin sulfate lavel determination gave linearity within the range 0.12–1.5% w/w, with the r = 0.99975. Meanwhile, the LOD and LOQ were 0.04% and 0.12% w/w. There were no significant differences between the results of content determination of the antibiotic from the two methods. However, FTIR shows more advantages on time reducing, more straightforward preparation, solvents reducing, less costly, and more convenient.

Conclusion: FTIR is suitable to be an alternative method for quantifying kanamycin sulfate in a dosage form accurately, sensitive, and economist. This method is superior in its accuracy, precision, and simplicity compared to the colorimetry method using UV spectrometer as the counterpart.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC EVALUATION OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA BASED SELF NANO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: SINGH AMRIT PAL , KHATIK GOPAL L. , MISHRA VIJAY , KHURANA NAVNEET , SHARMA NEHA , VYAS MANISH
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of methanolic extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (E. japonica) leaves. Further in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of an optimized batch of SNEDDS was explored.

Methods: Oil (Labrafil M 1944 CS), surfactant (Tween 80) and co-surfactant (Transcutol P) were selected on the basis of solubility of the methanolic extract. Twenty-seven batches of SNEDDS were prepared with different compositions of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant. The optimized batch was evaluated for its entrapment efficiency, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, DPPH assay and α-amylase activity were also performed to check the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of prepared SNEDDS.

Results: The optimized design suggested that 10% of Labrafil M 1944CS, 30% of Tween 80 and 60% of Transcutol P could develop SNEDDS with 208 nm mean droplet size, 99.64% drug loading, 0.156 PDI and-6 mV zeta potential. TEM image confirmed the droplet size less than 100 nm and the spherical shape of SNEDDS. In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of SNEDDS revealed the increased efficacy as compared to that of the ascorbic acid and acarbose, respectively.

Conclusion: The optimized batch of SNEDDS was found to improve the antioxidant and antidiabetic efficacy of methanolic extract of E. japonica.
A COMPARISON STUDY OF HAIR TONIC AND GEL FORMULATION OF ANGIOPTERIS EVECTA AS A HAIR GROWTH STIMULANT
Authors: Mustarichie Resmi , Gozali Dolih - , Wicaksono Imam Adi , NAFIS FERIS DZAKY RIDWAN
Published: July 2019

Objective: Previous research has proven that the water fraction of the Angiopteris evecta root has hair growth activities. The objective of this research was to determine the formula of gel and hair tonic preparations of pakis munding (Angiopteris evecta L.) which met the requirements as a pharmaceutical preparation, good and effective in stimulating hair growth.

Methods: Formulation of hair tonic and gel preparations were made using 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 % of A. Evecta root water extracts as active compounds. The formulation of the two preparations was based on the standard formulation method. The evaluation and formulation test were carried out by organoleptic examination and homogeneity, pH, viscosity, scattering power test, stability test, and safety test based on the standard preparations including Indonesian pharmacopeia. Statistical tests were carried out on both formulas against rabbits based on the modification of the Tanaka method. Comparison of statistics on both formulas was also carried out.

Results: It was found both formulas fulfill standard requirements as pharmaceutical preparations. Statistically, the best activity in hair tonic preparations was at a concentration of 12.5% and for gels at a concentration of 10.0% ethanol extract seen from measurements of hair length. Statistically, using the Independent T-test to find out the significant differences in the average hair length on hair tonic and gel, it was found there was no significant difference between the two formulas. It was found that the best formula for hair tonic and gel was in the addition of 10.0% and 12.5% extracts, respectively.

Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly indicated that both hair tonic and gel formulas of A. evecta root water extract may be used as stimulating hair growth.