bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometry of liver fine needle aspirates
Authors: Fuhr Joseph E. , Kattine Anthony A. , Nelson H. Sperry
Published: February 2007

Fine needle aspiration analysis of intraabdominal masses is increasing in frequency. This study was designed to evaluate whether flow cytometry could be of value in the cytopathology interpretation of such specimens. Over a 4‐year time span, 129 consecutive liver fine needle aspirates were evaluated by flow cytometry for DNA content, ploidy, and proliferation rate. Only excess cells remaining in the needle after cytology samples were prepared were included in this study. Overall sensitivity was 75% and specificity was 94%. In addition, flow cytometry results were pivotal for at least two specimens in achieving the appropriate diagnosis. For these reasons, it was concluded that flow cytometry could be a valuable adjunctive technology to the cytopathologist in the interpretation of liver fine needle aspirates. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcomas: A retrospective study in the Netherlands
Authors: van Ceel Albert N. , Van Coevorden Frits , Blankensteijn Jan D. , Hoekstra Harald J. , Schuurman Bart , Bruccink Erik D. M. , Taat Carlo W. , Theunissen Evert B. M.
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐seven of 87 patients with soft tissue sarcoma underwent complete resection of the metastases in the lung. In this retrospective study, follow‐up was for a median of 24 months. The 5‐year overall, crude, and disease‐free survival was 38%, 45%, and 41%, respectively. Twentyseven (40%) patients developed a recurrence in the lung. Of the six prognostic variables, the only factor significantly related to disease‐free survival was grade. It is concluded that surgery for lung metastases of soft tissue sarcoma should be considered as standard therapy when preoperative evaluation predicts a complete resection. By adding chemotherapy to surgery, an improvement of prognosis probably can be achieved. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of trauma of implantation of metastatic tumor in bone in mice
Authors: Lee Jin Yong , Murphy Satya M. , Scanlon Edward F.
Published: February 2007

We studied the influence of surgical trauma to the iliac bone on the implantation of I. V. injected tumor cells, which formed tumor in the surgical wounds of 27/84 mice (32%). None of these mice or nonsurgical mice developed tumor in the opposite or uninjured pelvic bone (P < 0.0001). When different numbers (105, 5 × 105, and 10 × 105) of TA3Ha cells were injected I. V. immediately after surgery, the frequency of tumor formation showed an increase (respectively, 32%, 63%, 71%). As the interval between induction of trauma and tumor cell injection was increased from 0 to 15 days, the frequency of tumor formation declined from 32% to 0%. These results suggest that the healing wound is a privileged site for experimental metastasis, particularly in the early stages. It is likely that the proteins in the blood clotting cascade are involved in local tumor implantation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant germ cell tumors in childhood
Authors: Nair Reena , Pai Suresh K. , Saikia Tapan K. , Nair Chandrika N. , Kurkure Purna A. , Gopal Ramakrishnan , Sampat Mridula S. , Advani Suresh H.
Published: February 2007

The outlook for patients with germ cell tumors was poor before the advent of effective chemotherapy. In this study the outcome of multiagent chemotherapy in children treated for germ cell tumor is assessed. Between January 1984 and December 1990, 107 patients were diagnosed to have germ cell tumors. Postsurgical therapy was based on tumor site, stage, and histology. Combination chemotherapy was employed in patients with Stages I and II disease with postoperative raised tumor markers and all patients with Stages III and IV. Between 1984–1988, patients received cisplatin, vinblastin, bleomycin, and methotrexate (PVB‐M), and thereafter between 1988–1990, they received bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP). Of 34 patients treated with PVB‐M and 27 treated with BEP, the complete remission rate was 40% and 85%, respectively, and the overall survival was 30% at 5 years for PVB‐M and 80% at 3 years for BEP. We conclude that etoposide with cisplatin is superior to vinblastin with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced germ cell tumors because of greater efficacy, decreased toxicity, and better compliance in children. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurilemmoma of the diaphragm
Authors: Urschel John D. , Antkowiak Joseph G. , Takita Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

Diaphragmatic neurilemmomas are rare tumors. We report here such a case and also review five cases from the English‐language medical literature. Neurilemmomas of the diaphragm are benign tumors that display slow, progressive growth. They remain encapsulated and do not invade adjacent structures. Surgical resection is both diagnostic and therapeutic. Thoracotomy is the operative approach of choice. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibody response correlates with septic complications following esophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Kinoshita Tadahiko , Saito Takao , Shigemitsu Yuji , Katsuta Takeshi , Kobayashi Michio
Published: February 2007

Correlations between preoperative antibody response and postoperative septic complications were examined in patients with esophageal cancer. Thirty‐three patients and 9 age‐matched controls were immunized with 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) vaccine, and serum anti‐PPS IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured. Of 28 patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy, 9 had postoperative septic complications (SCP) and 19 did not (SCN). Median titers of anti‐PPS IgG‐producing capacity were 158 ELISA units (EU) (interquartile range, 71‐1,862 EU) in the SCP group and 1,349 EU (interquartile range, 741‐2,95 1 EU) in the SCN group (P = 0.01). No significant differences in anti‐PPS IgA and IgM were found between the two groups. These results indicated that low antibody response to polysaccharides is associated with the occurrence of postoperative septic complications in patients with esophageal cancer. Thus, a preoperative evaluation of antibody‐producing capacity may serve to predict these complications. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometry as a prognostic predictor in gastric linitis plastica
Authors: Candel Al , Green Linda , Castelli Melanie , Abraham Kurian , Aranga Gerard , Gattuso Paolo
Published: February 2007

Gastric linitis plastica (GLP) is a diffusely infiltrating carcinoma of the stomach that is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage and associated with poor prognosis. Recent studies to evaluate ploidy of these tumors are not conclusive. We undertook a retrospective study of 43 surgically treated patients with GLP (27 males, 16 females, mean age 65 years) to see if ploidy could be used to predict outcome. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue using the modified Hedley technique. Mean follow‐up interval was 11 months (1–72 months) with 18 (42%) alive at end of study. The remaining 25 (58%) died with a mean survival of 7 months. Lymph node status was positive in 31 (70%) and negative in 12 (30%) of patients. Twenty‐nine (67%) of tumors were diploid; 14 (33%) were aneuploid. Statistical analysis revealed overall surcvival correlated significantly (P = 0.04) only with lymph node status. Diploid tumors had 18 (60%) positive and 11 (40%) negative lymph nodes, whereas aneuploid tumors had 13 (93%) positive and 1 (7%) negative nodes. DNA content correlated significantly (P = 0.05) with lymph node status, but not with overall survival. Tumors with positive lymph nodes were 18 (51%) diploid and 13 (42%) aneuploid; tumors with negative nodes were 11 (92%) diploid and 1 (8%) aneuploid. Conclusions: The majority of GLP tumors manifest diploid characteristics, and the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis is a major determinant in overall survival. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Randomized trial comparing postoperative chemotherapy with vindesine and cisplatin plus thoracic irradiation with irradiation alone in stage III (N2) non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Pisters K. M. W. , Kris M. G. , Gralla R. J. , Hilaris B. , McCormack P. M. , Bains M. S. , Martini N.
Published: February 2007

This prospective randomized trial was performed to determine whether postoperative chemotherapy with vindesine and cisplatin could lengthen time to progression and overall survival in stage III (T1‐3N2MO) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Seventy‐two patients were entered; 36 were randomized to receive chemotherapy. Patients were stratified by extent of resection (complete vs. incomplete) and histology (squamous vs. nonsquamous). All had surgery and mediastinal irradiation 6–7 weeks post‐thoracotomy. Incompletely resected patients had intraoperative 125I and/or 192Ir implantation. Vindesine (3 mg/m2) weekly × 5, then every 2 weeks × 8, and cisplatin (120 mg/m2) days 1, 29, 71, 113 were planned for those randomized to chemotherapy. No difference in time to progression (median 9.2 months for radiation + chemotherapy vs. 9.0 months for radiation, P = 0.35) or overall survival (16.3 months for radiation + chemotherapy vs. 19.1 months for radiation, P = 0.42) was found. Postoperative vindesine and cisplatin did not prolong time to progression or survival in this population of stage III NSCLC. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergistic antitumor activity of combination chemotherapy with mitomycin C and cisplatin against human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice
Authors: Saikawa Yoshiro , Kubota Tetsuro , Kuo Tsong‐Hong , Furukawa Toshiharu , Kase Suguru , Tanino Hirokazu , Isobe Yo , Watanabe Masahiko , Ishibiki Kyuya , Arimori Masaki , Kitajima Masaki
Published: February 2007

A new combined cancer chemotherapy regimen of mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (DDP) showed synergistic antitumor activity against human gastric cancer xenografts St‐40 and SC‐1‐NU in BALB/c nu/nu mice. The drugs were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 2 or 4 mg/kg for MMC and 3 or 6 mg/kg for DDP, respectively. To clarify the schedule‐dependent antitumor activity of MMC and DDP against St‐40 and SC‐1‐NU, different sequential therapies were conducted. Simultaneous administration of these agents showed the highest antitumor activity against SC1‐NU among the three regimens used, whereas the sequence of MMC followed by DDP showed higher antitumor activity than the reverse sequence against St‐40. The intratumoral concentration of platinum was significantly increased in St‐40 treated with the sequence MMC to DDP, in comparison with the sequence DDP to MMC. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this combination was 4 mg MMC plus 6 mg DDP per kg in all the combinations, and these MTDs were 2/3 of the corresponding values for their single use. Since this combination increased the antitumor activity of each single agent without any increase in their toxicity, it would appear to be useful clinically. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of cholecystokinin analogue caerulein and cholecystokinin antagonist lorglumide on pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat
Authors: Sperti Cosimo , Militello Carmelo , Behboo Roubik , Khajeturian Edwin , Pedrazzoli Sergio , Perasole Antonio , Alaggio Rita , Rovati Lucio
Published: February 2007

The effects of the cholecystokinin (CCK)‐analogue, caerulein, and CCK‐receptor antagonist lorglumide (CR‐1409) on pancreatic carcinogenesis induced by 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) were studied. One hundred thirty rats were divided into the following 10 treatment groups: group 1, DMBA (2–3 mg); group 2, DMBA + caerulein (5 μg/kg); group 3, DMBA + caerulein + CR‐1409 (12 mg/kg); group 4, caerulein + DMBA; group 5, caerulein + CR‐1409 + DMBA; group 6, DMBA + CR‐1409; group 7, CR‐1409 + DMBA; group 8, caerulein; group 9, CR‐1409; and group 10, sham operation + saline. DMBA was surgically implanted into the pancreas. Caerulein and/or CR‐1409 was administered twice daily for 15 days after (in groups 2, 3, and 6) or before (in groups 4, 5, and 7) DMBA implantation. Six months after carcinogen administration, all rats were sacrificed and autopsied. The incidence of pancreatic cancer appeared significantly (P < 0.001) increased when caerulein was administered following DMBA implantation. CR‐1409 significantly inhibited (P < 0.02) caerulein effects and reduced tumor growth when injected after carcinogen exposure. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of the prognostic significance of discontinuous intramural metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Kuwano Hiroyuki , Watanabe Masayuki , Sadanaga Noriaki , Kamakura Tatsuro , Nozoe Tadahiro , Yasuda Mitsuhiro , Mimori Koshi , Mori Masaki , Sugimachi Keizo
Published: February 2007

A review of 167 cases of esophageal carcinoma without preoperative treatment revealed 24 (14.4%) to have intramural metastasis (IM) within the esophagus. Among the clinicopathologic factors, the length of the lesions (P< 0.01), lymph node metastasis (P< 0.001), and the depth of the invasion of the tumor (P< 0.0001) were found to be statistically significant different factors between the two groups of patients both with and without intramural metastasis. The survival curve for patients with IM was significantly lower than that for patients without IM (P< 0.0001). A univariate analysis revealed that the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, IM (P< 0.0001), and the length of the lesion (P< 0.001) all had a significant correlation with the prognosis. Moreover, in a multivariate analysis, the depth of the invasion (<0.001), length of the lesion (0.001), and IM (0.049) were all determined to be significant prognostic factors. Therefore, IM is considered to be one of the independent significant prognostic factors for predicting a poor prognosis in esophageal cancer. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circadian rhythm modulated 5‐FUdR infusion with megace in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: de W. Marsh Robert , Manyam Vani , Bewsher Carol , Youngblood Margaret
Published: February 2007

Thirteen patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma were treated with circadian rhythm modulated infusion of 5‐FUdR and Megace. Treatment was initiated at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day for 14 days every 28 days and was increased or decreased by 0.025 mg/kg/day with each subsequent cycle until maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was achieved. Megace (200 mg) was administered daily in divided doses. One‐third of the patients were able to complete ⩾6 cycles of treatment, one‐half could only complete ⩽2 cycles, and the remainder managed 3–4 cycles. No patients had regression of disease, but a small number, who were able to receive 6–7 months of treatment, achieved stable disease in the short term. In conclusion, treatment was fairly well tolerated. However, increased dose intensity by this method did not significantly increase response rate. In only a few patients was disease stabilized for a brief period. Megace did not materially improve nutritional status. CA‐19‐9 levels did not correlate well with disease activity. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pleural dissemination in non‐small cell lung cancer: Results of radiological evaluation and surgical treatment
Authors: Akaogi Eiichi , Mitsui Kiyofumi , Onizuka Masataka , Ishikawa Shigemi , Tsukada Hiroshi , Mitsui Toshio
Published: February 2007

The aims of this study are to evaluate the diagnostic ability of chest computed tomography (CT) in the early detection of pleural disease and to analyze the results of surgical treatment for lung cancer with pleural dissemination. Twenty‐three non‐small cell lung cancer patients with pleural dissemination, but without distant metastasis, underwent pleuropulmonary resection during the past 15 years. Chest CT scans were obtained preoperatively in 21 of those patients. In eight patients without pleural effusion, small pleural nodules, about 3–5 mm in size, were found in their chest CT. However, during surgery, small nodules were more frequently observed on the parietal pleura than on the visceral pleura in five of them. Therefore, early detection of the dissemination by chest CT seemed limited to only those of the visceral pleura. In the survival curve after resection, there was no difference among the patients with n2 disease, but there was a significant difference between the patients without n2 disease and those with it (P < 0.05). The presence of n2 disease appeared to be a poor prognostic sign in this form of advanced lung cancer. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bilateral renal angiomyolipoma
Authors: Toncaonkar H. B. , Sampat M. B. , Dalal A. V. , Dandekar N. P. , Kulkarni J. N. , Kamat M. R.
Published: February 2007

Bilateral renal angiomyolipoma is a rare entity, usually associated with tuberous sclerosis. Five cases of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma, all females, with a mean age of 34.6 years, are reported. All patients had symptoms attributable to lesions only on one side, with flank pain and mass the commonest symptoms encountered. Only one case had clinical evidence of stigmata of tuberous sclerosis. The mean size of the lesions on the symptomatic side was 17 cm, while that on the asymptomatic side was 2 cm. Three patients were diagnosed correctly as having angiomyolipomas preoperatively with the use of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT); two of these were treated with total nephrectomy and the third with partial nephrectomy. The other two cases were seen before the availability of CT and were only diagnosed intraoperatively. Both patients were treated with total nephrectomy. The lesions on the asymptomatic side were kept on close surveillance. Two patients developed an increase in the size of the lesions in the contralateral kidney 1 year and 3 1/2 years after the first surgery. Both patients were treated with partial nephrectomy. All patients are alive at 3—14 years (mean 6.6 years) after operation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can the hormonal receptor status of primary breast cancer be altered by neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
Authors: Lo Su‐Shun , Wang Hwei‐Chung , Shyr Yi‐Ming , Lui Wing‐Yiu
Published: February 2007

In order to know whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy would change the hormonal receptor status of primary breast cancer, 10 patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant CEF (endoxan, epirubicin, 5‐fluorouracil) were studied. Tissue was obtained by incisional biopsy before chemotherapy and by mastectomy after three courses of treatment. All the specimens were subjected to histology study and the tests of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors. The results revealed that the only hormonal status of one out of 10 tumors was altered. Among the 10 tumors, 2 out of 10 ER and 3 out of 10 PgR were changed after neoadjuvant CEF. From our results together with others findings, it is concluded that neoadjuvant CEF dose not significantly change the hormonal receptor status of primary breast cancer. The hormonal receptor assay is unnecessary before chemotherapy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anticancer chemosensitivity profile of freshly separated human pancreatic cancer cells assessed by DNA synthesis inhibition assay
Authors: Masai Yoshikazu , Nio Yoshinori , Tsubono Michihiko , Tseng Chen‐Chiu , Kawabata Kazuya , Hayashi Hitoshi , Ishigami Shunichi , Imamura Masayuki
Published: February 2007

The chemosensitivity of 49 freshly separated human pancreatic cancers to seven kinds of anticancer agents were assessed by a DNA synthesis (3H‐thymidine incorporation) inhibition assay. DNA synthesis is higher in involved lymph nodes (n=7), malignant effusion (n=15), liver metastasis (n=7), primary cancer (n=15), and skin metastasis (n=5). Chemosensitivity assay demonstrates that etoposide, 4‐epirubicin, carboquone, and 5‐fluorouracil are more effective than cisplatin, mitomycin‐C, and Adriamycin. In general, metastatic lesions of pancreatic cancer tend to show higher chemosensitivity than primary lesions. Pathological analysis demonstrates that small primary pancreatic cancers tend to be more responsive than large primary cancers, and primary pancreatic cancers with no regional lymph node involvement also tend to be more responsive than those with nodal involvement. No significant differences are seen in terms of tumor spread, vascular involvement, sex of patient, and histological type. When chemosensitivity assay is not available, the results of the present study may be beneficial to choose the regimens. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of desmoglein I in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Natsugoe Shoji , Aikou Takashi , Shimada Mario , Kumanohoso Toru , Tezuka Yoshihisa , Sagara Mitsuhisa , Yoshinaka Heiji , Baba Masamichi , Fukumoto Toshitaka
Published: February 2007

Desmoglein I (DGI) is major component of the desmosomal membrane core that plays an important role in epithelial cell adhesion. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the expression of DGI and the clinicopathological findings of esophageal cancer. DGI expression was immunohistochemically examined using an anti‐DGI monoclonal antibody in 139 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Normal squamous epithelial cells strongly expressed DGI at their cell‐cell boundaries. According to the intensity and pattern of DGI expression, the cancerous tissues were divided into three groups: DGI (++), DGI (+), and DGI (‐). Of the 139 tumors, 35 (25%) were DGI (++), 65 (47%) were DGI (+), and 39 (28%) were DGI (‐). A good inverse correlation between DGI expression and tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and vessel invasion was observed. These results indicate that DGI expression may be a significant factor for invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of human esophageal cancer. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total abdominal perfusion (TAP) in the treatment of abdominal metastatic melanoma
Authors: Klein Ehud S. , Davidson Binyamin , Ben‐Ari Gur Y. , Apter Sara , Azizi Esther
Published: February 2007

Total abdominal perfusion (TAP) is a recently described technique in which the abdominal organs are isolated from the systemic circulation and perfused by means of an external pump. Administering chemotherapy into the circuit provides higher locoregional drug exposure with lower systemic toxicity. Two patients with melanoma metastatic to the abdomen were treated using this technique. The first patient suffered from intractable upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to unresectable melanoma metastasis of the duodenum. He underwent TAP with melphalan and cisplatinum. His bleeding stopped and the tumor regressed. This patient's response lasted for 6 months. The second patient had an unresectable liver metastasis. She underwent TAP with melphalan and DTIC, resulting in a complete response with disappearance of the liver mass, which lasted until her death in 13 months. Our conclusion is that TAP should be considered as a technique for regional chemotherapy, which may be used in the treatment of unresectable metastatic melanoma of the abdomen. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical outcome after neoadjuvant thermoradiotherapy in high grade soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Scully Sean P. , Oleson James R. , Leopold Kenneth A. , Samulski Thaddeus V. , Dodge Richard , Harrelson John M.
Published: February 2007

In the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas, hypothermia has been demonstrated to enhance tumor necrosis from radiation therapy. The current study reports the clinical course of patients treated with this neoadjuvant therapy regimen. Forty‐four patients with deep, undisturbed, nonmetastatic, high grade soft tissue sarcomas completed a neoadjuvant treatment protocol with combined hyperthermia and radiation therapy followed by wide surgical resection. Negative surgical margins were obtained in 40 patients. There was one local recurrence, thus yielding a local control rate of 97.5%. All other failures were either through regional lymphatic spread or pulmonary metastasis. As a group, the patients at 36 months had a 72% overall and a 58% disease‐free survival. The most common pathologic diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), which demonstrated a 36‐month survival of 52% vs. 82% for others (P=0.02). Tumor size was not prognostically significant for disease free or overall survival (P=0.13). Those patients with surgical margins <1 cm had a significantly lover disease‐free survival and overall survival in a multivariate analysis (P=0.02 andP=0.006, respectively). Overall survival did not correlate with either the number of hyperthermia treatments received or the amount of tumor necrosis. Although this neoadjuvant protocol results in excellent local control rates, overall survival rates are comparable to adjuvant therapy employing radiation alone. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Radiation induced sarcomas following treatment for breast cancer: Presentation of a series of 14 cases treated with an aggressive surgical approach
Authors: Rivoire M. , Delay E. , El Arini A. , Mignotte H. , Wagner P. , Zlatoff P. , Bobin J. Y.
Published: February 2007

According to the criteria established by Cahan et al., we report 14 radiation induced sarcomas occurring in the treated volume after radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the breast. All these sarcomas were treated by wide surgical resection. In spite of a macroscopic free margin, only patients who underwent major amputation could hope to be cured. All the centrally located sarcomas recurred. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metachronous bladder tumors in patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Mukamel Eliahu , Simon Dan , Servadio Ciro , Konichezky Myriam , Hadar Herzlia , Edelman Abraham
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐nine patients who underwent nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma were included in the study. The following data were collected for each patient: grade and stage of renal/ureteral tumor, tumor location, timing of tumor appearance and recurrence in the bladder, grade and stage of each of the recurrent tumors, and number of recurrences. Follow‐up ranged between 2 and 15 years. Thirty‐three patients (47.8%) developed metachronous bladder tumors. The appearance of the bladder tumors was related to tumor grade and multifocality of the upper urinary tract TCC. Of the 33 patients, 19 had 1 tumor appearance in the bladder, 6 had 2 recurrences, and 8 had 3 recurrences. The 5‐year survival rate for patients with no subsequent bladder tumors was 57% compared to 22% for those who had subsequent tumors. It is concluded that the appearance of bladder tumors following nephroureterectomy characterizes a group of patients with biologically more active disease with unfavorable prognosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Clinicopathological study of primary malignant tumors of the lung: An analysis of 993 tumors resected at the Kanazawa university hospital between 1979‐1993
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Mizukami Yuji , Shimizu Junzo , Oda Makoto , Murakami Shinya , Watanabe Yoh , Kobayashi Takeshi , Kamimura Ryoichi , Takashima Tsutomu , Kitagawa Masanobu
Published: February 2007

A retrospective study was conducted of 993 malignant tumors of the lung in 977 patients. The male‐female sex ratio was 2.6:1. The age distribution of the males did not differ from that of the females and the overall mean age was 64.3 ± 9.5 years (range, 13–85 years). Forty‐three percent of the patients were in their seventh decade. The location was peripheral in 81% of the tumors and central in 19%. Of the central tumors, 85% were squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma (SCC), while 58% of the peripheral tumors were adenocarcinoma (ADENO). In males, 49% of all tumors were SCC and 36% ADENO, while in females 76% were ADENO. The incidence of positive lymph node metastasis increased in parallel with the pT status in both central and peripheral carcinomas. However, it was noted that, of peripheral lung carcinomas, no SCC with a diameter of 15 mm or less had lymph node metastasis, whereas 18.9% of the ADENO of this size were positive for lymph node metastasis. These results indicate that lymph node metastasis can occur even in small‐sized peripheral ADENO less than 15 mm. Thus, early detection and surgery together with mediastinal lymph node dissection are necessary even for small‐sized tumors to improve the prognosis in patients with peripheral ADENO of the lung. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duodenal leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Fishbein T. , Carroll M. , Beazley R. M.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of duodenal leiomyosarcoma were encountered, both of which appeared benign by gross and histologic criteria. Both patients suffered recurrences with poor outcomes. We reviewed the literature and found four other such cases and examined the outcomes in the world literature with respect to tumor size and extent of surgical resection. Large size, limited resections, and local recurrence were associated with poor outcomes. A 6% rate of lymphatic metastases was found, and the bearing this has on the extent of resection is discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aneuploidy of tumor cells in cases of gastric cancer with esophageal invasion: Another indicator of poor prognosis
Authors: Ikeguchi Masahide , Ohfuji Satoshi , Oka Atsuo , Tsujitani Shunichi , Maeta Michio , Kaibara Nobuaki
Published: February 2007

The prognosis of patients with gastric cancer with esophageal invasion is extremely poor. To evaluate factors related to this poor prognosis, we analyzed 200 patients with gastric cancer located in the upper third of the stomach. These patients underwent gastrectomy and were divided into two groups in terms of the presence (E[+] group; n=62) or absence (E[‐] group; n=138) of histological evidence of esophageal invasion. Even when apparently curative surgery was performed, the 5‐year survival rate of patients with E[+] gastric cancer (45.8%) was significantly lower than of patients with E[‐] gastric cancer (71.6%). In the E[+] group, the 5‐year survival rate of patients who had tumors with infiltrative growth and DNA aneuploidy was only 10.0%. These patients had a high frequency of peritoneal metastasis at operation (5/16; 31.3%); even when apparently curative operations were performed, 50% of these patients died from peritoneal metastatic recurrence within 2 years after surgery. Gastric adenocarcinoma with esophageal invasion accompanied by infiltrative growth and DNA aneuploidy had a high potential for peritoneal metastasis. This combination is associated with the most pessimistic prognosis for patients with gastric cancer with esophageal invasion. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the cell cycle of human pancreatic cancer inoculated in nude mice
Authors: Umezawa A. , Koyama K. , Tanaka J. , Sato Y. , Asanuma Y.
Published: February 2007

The prognosis of pancreatic cancer is very poor because of its high malignant potential. To improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer, a decrease in the grade of maligancy by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db‐cAMP), a differentiation inducer, was attempted using human pancreatic cancer cell line inoculated to nude mice.

In this study, 0.1 or 5.0 μmol/animal/day of db‐cAMP was administered for 7 consecutive days in short‐term group animals and for 28 consecutive days in long‐term group animals. Animals in both groups are sacrificed 28 days after first administration of db‐cAMP, and tumor size, histology, and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry (FCM) were studied.

Tumor size and histology showed no significant changes by db‐cAMP. However, in cell cycle analysis, 5.0 μmol/animal/day of db‐cAMP brought significant block of the cell cycle phases between G1 and S in the short‐term group and the phase between S and G2/M in the long‐term group, indicating a decrease in cell cycle speed and, consequently, a decrease in the proliferation of tumor cell.

The results show that db‐cAMP may be useful in decreasing the grade of malignancy of pancreatic cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical management of adrenal metastasis from bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Ayabe Hiroyoshi , Tsuji Hiroharu , Hara Shinsuke , Tagawa Yutaka , Kawahara Katsunobu , Tomita Masao
Published: February 2007

Surgical treatment for metastatic lesions from lung cancer is seldom performed. We have treated three patients with a unilateral adrenal metastasis with adrenalectomy. Simultaneous resection of primary lung cancer and adrenal metastasis was performed in two cases. This is the first report of such surgical management. Adrenalectomy after lung resection was done in the third case. Two of the patients are alive and well more than 5 years after adrenalectomy. These cases are presented, and the literature is reviewed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A national quality improvement effort: Cancer registry data
Authors: Kamell Lucy , Hoyler Suzanna S. , Seiffert Jennifer E. , Young John L. , Henson Donald E. , Winchester David P. , Osteen Robert T. , Clive Rosemarie E. , Ocwieja Kathleen M. , Menck Herman R. , Fremgen Amy
Published: February 2007

Cancer registries are sources of epidemiological, patterns‐of‐care, and outcome data for local, regional, state, and national studies of patients with cancer. Since 1976, these registries have formed a voluntary network of contributors to annual patient care studies under the aegis of the National Cancer Data Committee of the Commission on Cancer. These annual studies provide timely clinical information that is widely disseminated to physicians, allied health personnel, administrators, health care planners, and public and private agencies. The use of the data has grown exponentially and has been the basis for more than 90 publications. Merging this activity with the National Cancer Data Base has further expanded the demand and use of registry data. This study was undertaken to respond to inquiries as to the validity of the data and the qualifications and competency of cancer registrars. It provides the baseline for cancer registry data quality and serves as a quality management tool to identify opportunities to enhance data quality. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucinous carcinoma of the breast: A pathologic study of 82 cases
Authors: André Saudade , Cunha Fernando , Soares Jorge , Bernardo Mário , E Sousa J. Meneses , Cortez Fernando
Published: February 2007

A series of 82 consecutive cases of mucinous carcinomas of the female breast was investigated for their clinical, morphological, and histochemical features and for the influence of some tumor characteristics on its prognosis. Two groups, a “pure” subtype (n=58) and a “mixed” subtype (n=24), were considered, according to the absence or the presence of concomitant areas with typical infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Eighty patients were followed with an average of 7.4 years. The actuarial survival was 58.5% at 10 years. The group of pure mucinous carcinomas showed a statistically significant better prognosis (P=0.0007) than that of the group of mixed tumors, as well as a lower percentage of axillary nodal metastasis. Tumor dimension of both pure and mixed mucinous carcinomas influenced the prognosis, since patients with T1 tumors had longer survival than those with T2 tumors (P=0.05) and the latter showed less mortality than T3 tumor cases (P=0.036). Node‐negative patients also had a more favorable outcome with lower mortality than node positive patients (P=0.007). None of the T1 pure mucinous carcinomas had axillary metastasis, which may have implications for the surgical protocols. The evaluation of quantitative and qualitative content in mucosubstances did not correlate with the prognosis. However, sulfomucins were demonstrated in 30.5% of cases; this fact points to add breast carcinoma to the group of neoplasms that may present as a metastatic sulfomucin‐producing adenocarcinoma. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of estrogen receptors and cathepsin D tissue detection in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Theodoropoulos George E. , Panoussopoulos Dimitris , Golematis Basil Ch. , Lazaris Andreas Ch. , Davaris Panagiotis
Published: February 2007

Estrogen receptors (ERs) have recently been reported to be present in carcinomas of stomach, an organ that has so far been considered as nontarget for sex hormones. Cathepsin D is an estrogen‐regulated lysosomal protease that has been overexpressed in breast cancer. ER and cathepsin D immunohistochemical expression were studied in this research in order to estimate their association to known histopathological and clinical parameters and their possible prognostic significance as well.

Sixty‐two patients with gastric adenocarcinomas were included in this study. The cancers were studied immunohistochemically concerning ER positivity in tumor cell nuclei and cathepsin D cytoplasmic expression.

Nuclear ER staining was detected in tumor cells of 25% of male and 27% of female patients. ER positivity was demonstrated mainly in the well and moderately differentiated carcinomas; 87.5% of ER(+) tumors were also characterized as cathepsin D positive and a significant correlation between ER and cathepsin D positive expression was demonstrated (P < 0.05). Cytoplasmic cathepsin D expression was observed in carcinomatous cells of 70.9% of gastric tumors. Early tumor stage and good differentiation were significantly associated with increased cathepsin D expression (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Histologic type, degree of differentiation and tumor stage were significantly correlated to survival (P < 0.05, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The patients who were cathepsin D(+) had a significant prognostic advantage over the cathepsin D(‐) patients (P < 0.001).

The presence of ER and estrogen‐regulated cathepsin D indicates the involvement of sex hormonal factors in these tumors and cathepsin D positive expression in tumor cells seems to be related to better prognosis. Their biological, clinical, and prognostic roles remain to be further elucidated. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus with intraepithelial carcinoma or dysplastic epithelium
Authors: Mafune Ken‐Ichi , Tanaka Yoichi , Fujita Kichishiro , Takubo Kaiyo
Published: February 2007

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus is a particularly rare lesion, and only 24 cases have been reported in the English literature. Using histochemical methods, we identified four (3.1%) of 135 resected primary esophageal cancers as mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Gross examination of these four tumors disclosed sclerosing submucosal infiltration with shallow surface ulceration, which had appeared as a funnel‐shaped constriction on esophagram. The intraepithelial spread of the tumor in two cases and the close relationship between foci of invading carcinoma and regions of dysplastic epithelium in the remaining two cases suggest that esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma may originate in the squamous epithelium. Although mucoepidermoid carcinoma should theoretically offer a fair prognosis, the outcome for patients with this lesion has generally been as poor as patients with typical squamous cell carcinoma. This further implies that mucoepidermoid carcinomas may arise from the squamous epithelium. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reexcision operations in nonpalpable breast cancer
Authors: Mokbel Kefah , Ahmed Mansoor , Nash Anthony , Sacks Nigel
Published: February 2007

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 317 needle‐localization (NL) biopsies performed at the Royal Marsden Hospital during 1989–1992. The malignancy yield in our centre, where there is an emphasis on cooperation with an experienced radiologist and breast pathologist, was 48% (151/317), with benign to malignant biopsy ratio of 1:1:1. Analysis of the histopathological findings of the malignant lesions revealed a 45% (68/51) incidence of positive microscopic margins. Of these 68 patients, 50 had re‐excisions, including nine patients who required mastectomy. Twentyeight of the re‐excisions (56%) contained residual tumour, of which five (18%) were invasive carcinoma > 3 mm (size range 1–19 mm) and 13 (46%) were residual DCIS > 1 mm (size range 1– 40 mm). Our findings suggest a significant incidence of residual disease associated with positive microscopic margins in NL‐detected nonpalpable cancers. Therefore, our current practice of performing a wider re‐excision for positive margins is justified. Stereotactic fine‐needle aspiration cytology was not performed by the radiologist referring these cases, but it should be performed preop‐eratively and if the test is positive, definitive treatment in the form of wide local excision or quadrantectomy is carried out in the first instance in order to avoid a second surgical procedure. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p53 correlates with improved survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sauter Edward R. , Keller Steven M. , Erner Susan M.
Published: February 2007

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a virulent malignancy that is rapidly increasing in incidence. Overexpression of p53, a tumor‐suppressor gene with prognostic significance in many malignancies, has not been adequately evaluated in this disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern and importance of p53 protein accumulation in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue from 24 patients, all of whom had early stage disease. Nineteen of 24 patients underwent surgery, and 16 had complete tumor resection. p53 oncoprotein immuno‐reactivity was demonstrated in 50% (12/24) of patients overall and 50% (8/16) of patients undergoing esophagectomy. p53 overexpression was more common in patients with well‐differentiated tumors (P=0.07). The tissue surrounding tumor stained positive for p53 in six patients, four of whom had no evidence of Barrett's epithelium. Among the 16 patients who underwent esophagectomy, those whose tumors demonstrated p53 overexpression had a longer overall (28 vs. 13.5 months) and disease‐free (24.3 vs. 13 months) median survival. The difference in disease‐free survival was significant (P=0.05). Our findings suggest that p53 overexpression may serve as a marker of improved survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined local hyperthermia and immunotherapy treatment of an experimental subcutaneous murine melanoma
Authors: Geehan Douglas M. , Fabian Dagmar F. , Lefor Alan T.
Published: February 2007

Immunotherapy (IT) has become an accepted therapeutic modality for a limited number of tumor types. One of the limiting factors in the use of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) has been dose‐related toxicity. We undertook these studies to study the effects of combined therapy on a murine melanoma. The B 16 melanoma was implanted in the right hindlimb of C57BL/6 mice and therapy begun on day 3 (microscopic tumor model) or day 10 (macroscopic tumor model). Animals were divided into four groups: No therapy, local hyperthermia (HT) alone (45°C ± 15 minutes on days 3 and 6 or days 10 and 13), HT + IL‐2 at 300,000 IU ip tid, and HT + IL‐2 at 600,000 IU ip tid. We have shown in multiple previous experiments that IL‐2 alone at these doses has no effect on tumor growth; these groups were omitted. In the microscopic model, tumors in the no treatment group were an average of 400 mm2. Animals treated with HT alone had a mean tumor size of 300 mm2. However, tumors in animals receiving both therapeutic modalities measured a mean of 100 mm2 (300,000 IU IL‐2 ip tid) and 80 mm2 (600,000 IU IL‐2 ip tid). In the macroscopic tumor model, tumors in animals receiving no treatment were an average of 7.5 times larger than on day 10, in animals receiving HT alone were an average of 5 times larger, animals receiving IL‐2 were 2.95 times larger (both dose levels). These results show that combined IT + HT therapy resulted in significantly (p < .05) reduced growth with both microscopic and macroscopic tumors compared to HT alone or no therapy in a murine subcutaneous melanoma model using doses significantly lower than those usually needed to observe a therapeutic response with IL‐2 used alone. This study further supports the use of this combined modality approach in patients with advanced malignancies.
Estrogen and progesterone receptors in malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary
Authors: Geisler John P. , Wiemann Michael C. , Miller Greg A. , Zhou Zhen , Geisler Hans E.
Published: February 2007

Malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary occur in less than 1% of cases of ovarian cancer. They have a dismal prognosis and the most effective type of therapy is still not known.

All cases of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary between Jaunary 1, 1985 and May 1, 1994 operated on by the gynecologic oncology service are the subject of this report. Data were obtained from the hospital and office records of the patients.

Nine patients who had their primary surgery by the gynecologic oncology service were found to have the diagnosis of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary. Homologous tumors were found in five patients and heterologous tumors in four. Homologous tumors (mean survival 15.2 months) showed a better survival than heterologous tumors (mean survival 6.5 months; P = 0.001). An elevated estrogen receptor status was shown to correspond to longer survival (p < 0.0001). Six specimens were considered to be estrogen receptor positive and three were receptor negative. The mean survival in those patients who had a positive estrogen receptor status, 13.7 months, with a median of 7.5 months was significantly higher than those who were not positive, 6.7 months (P = 0.019) with a median of 6.25 months. All specimens were progesterone receptor negative.

Malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary have a dismal prognosis, no effective therapy, and controversial prognostic indicators. Increasing estrogen receptor status appeared to correlate with longer mean survival. Larger, multi‐institutional studies need to be done to determine the overall significance of these findings.
Squamous cell carcinoma complicating idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kulaylat Mahmoud N. , Doerr Ralph , Butler Brian , Satchidanand Sateesh K. , Singh Amarjit
Published: February 2007

Squamous cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum, originating proximal to the transitional zone, is a rare complication of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IIBD). To date there are only 15 single case reports of such an occurrence. This carcinoma develops more commonly in females and in patients with pancolonic disease of more than 8 years' duration. The rectum is affected in two thirds of the cases. Squamous cell changes, in the vicinity of the primary adenocarcinoma, are present in 27% of cases. The carcinoma is in a pathologically advanced stage in one third of the cases. Colectomy is the main therapeutic modality. Survival following surgical resection ranged from 7 months to 21 years. We present an additional case of rectal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) complicating chronic ulcerative colitis in a 33‐year‐old woman who had the disease for 15 years. Multiple biopsies of a gross lesion located 5 cm above the dendate line were consistent with invasive basaloid cell carcinoma. The patient received 5‐FU, mitomycin C, and radiotherapy prior to a proctocolectomy and ileostomy. The only histopathologic finding at pathologic review of the surgical specimen was severe squamous dysplasia.
Nuclear DNA content and nucleolar organizer regions in colorectal cancer
Authors: Adachi Yosuke , Kido Akinori , Mori Masaki , Matsushima Tetsuya , Shimono Reishi , Inoue Tetsuya , Sugimachi Keizo
Published: February 2007

The prognostic value of nuclear DNA content and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) is still controversial in colorectal cancer. Sixty patients with colorectal cancer were studied by flow cytometric DNA analysis and AgNOR measurement, and their prognostic significance was tested. DNA index was closely linked to depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis, while AgNOR count did not correlate with such parameters. The survival curve was stongly influenced by depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and Dukes' stage but was not affected by DNA ploidy and AgNOR count. These results indicate that neither DNA ploidy nor AgNOR count correlates with survival of patients, although DNA ploidy is linked to progression of colorectal cancer.