bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charity account in Islamic financial institutions: creating a defined Sharīʻah standard
Authors: Al-Ali Salim Ali
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This article seeks to propose a defined set of Sharīʿah standards and guidelines for the charity account in order to provide clear guidance to Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) and eventually create a standardised practice in the management of the charity account by IFIs worldwide.

Design/methodology/approach

This article is based on a literature review regarding the origin and concept of the charity account for IFIs. It makes reference to various primary Sharīʿah sources and contemporary Sharīʿah standards pertaining to impermissible income as it relates to the charity account. It also analyses secondary sources of reference, in particular research papers and case studies on the same subject matter.

Findings

This article proposes relevant Sharīʿah standards required for the better functioning and standardisation of the charity account application by IFIs.

Research limitations/implications

This article will help IFIs, standard-setting bodies and regulators to develop a defined charity account framework. It also addresses the gaps discussed in past research and case studies that have not been resolved to date, particularly on the determination and management of charity accounts at the level of IFIs.

Practical implications

The charity account will be better controlled and thus eliminating potential reputational issues arising from collecting and disbursing commitment to donate amounts (CDA).

Social implications

The charity account distribution will be better managed and thus of more benefit to the society and recipients.

Originality/value

This article promotes the idea of standardisation in the practices of charity accounts, especially in terms of sources and disbursement.
Critical incidents and dissatisfaction in B2B relationships: an appraisal theory analysis
Authors: Pascual-Nebreda Laura , Cabanelas Pablo , Blanco-González Alicia
Published: October 2022

Purpose

There are numerous studies on satisfaction, but not enough on dissatisfaction when its consequences can be harmful. This study aims to examine different unsatisfactory situations during customer–supplier relationships in industrial markets combining the appraisal theory with the critical incident technique to identify potential problems and strategies to minimize their effect.

Design/methodology/approach

This research follows an exploratory qualitative approach based on 18 in-depth interviews with managers from business-to-business firms. The information obtained was object of a textual and conceptual analysis using the analytical software ATLAS TI 9.0.

Findings

The results show that negative cognitions have greater influence than negative emotions, and those dissatisfied customers may respond by expressing complaints, ending transactional relationships, reporting the other party legally, asking for explanations or continuing commercial relationships, even though they are dissatisfied. This will depend on the severity of the critical incident and the negative cognitions and emotions perceived. Proactivity and understanding of this situation will allow for understanding what specific actions to take to resolve conflicts and mitigate the negative effects among the parties.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on dissatisfaction, instead of satisfaction, in industrial markets through the appraisal theory. Furthermore, it applies the critical incident technique to understand the cognitions and emotions related with dissatisfaction in the commercial relationships. Finally, it provides ideas on what are the main source of dissatisfaction and how to manage them to anticipate and better manage those incidents.
Mitigating knowledge hiding behaviour through organisational social capital: a proposed framework
Authors: Islam Md. Zahidul , Naqshbandi M. Muzamil , Bashir Makhmoor , Ishak Nurul Amirah
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to develop a framework that demonstrates the role of social capital in alleviating knowledge hiding behaviour in organisations while also considering the moderating roles of perceived organisational politics and the perceived value of knowledge in this process.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a systematic literature review of research papers on the topic of knowledge hiding to develop a framework for mitigating knowledge hiding.

Findings

This paper conceptualises social capital into three interrelated dimensions (e.g. structural, cognitive and relational). Based on the findings of the review, all the three social capital dimensions can potentially mitigate an individual’s propensity towards knowledge hiding. Additionally, the paper integrates two potential moderators: perceived organisational politics and perceived value of knowledge, which could undermine the outcomes of social capital in mitigating knowledge hiding.

Research limitations/implications

Although the proposed framework may provide preliminary insights to practitioners and scholars, one of its key limitations is that it is conceptual. Future empirical research is needed to validate the proposed framework.

Originality/value

Existing research has focused on studying the antecedents and consequences of knowledge hiding. However, scant scholarly work explores how such behaviour can be mitigated. This paper addresses this gap and contributes to understanding how organisations can alleviate the prevalence of knowledge hiding by developing their social capital and by focusing on contextual factors.
Massive genome investigations reveal insights of prevalent introgression for environmental adaptation and triterpene biosynthesis in Ganoderma
Authors: Jiang Nan , Li Zhenhao , Dai Yueting , Liu Zhenhua , Han Xuerong , Li Yu , Li Yong , Xiong Hui , Xu Jing , Zhang Guoliang , Xiao Shijun , Yuan Xiaohui , Fu Yongping
Published: October 2022

Genome introgression is one of the driving forces that can increase species and genetic diversity and facilitate the adaptive evolution of organisms and biodiversity conservation. However, the genomic introgression and its contribution to biodiversity of macrofungi are still unclear. The genus Ganoderma is a typical macrofungal group that plays crucial roles in forest ecosystem as saprophytic organisms and plant pathogens, and is also involved in human health as medicinal mushrooms. Most public Ganoderma genomes are fragmented, and reference genomes and whole‐genome information of diverse germplasm resources for many Ganoderma species are lacking, thus hindering functional and evolutionary genomic investigations among Ganoderma species. In this study, we provide high‐quality genomes of 10 Ganoderma species and whole‐genome variants data of 224 individuals from various ecoregions, enabling us to infer the phylogeny of Ganoderma species and their historical population dynamics. Based on whole‐genome variants, widespread and genome‐wide introgression among Ganoderma species is revealed. Genes with significant introgression signals were related to stress response, digestive absorption, and secondary metabolite synthesis, factors that may contribute to environmental adaptation and important biocomponent metabolism. CYP512U6, an essential functional gene in the CYP450 family related to Ganoderma triterpene synthesis, was detected with significant introgression and selection signals combined with Ganoderma metabolomic analysis, indicating that both ancient gene exchange and recent domestication have contributed to the categories and content of secondary metabolites of Ganoderma. The reference genomes, whole‐genome variants, and metabolite profiles could serve as abundant and valuable genetic resources for evolution, ecology, and conservation investigations of Ganoderma species and other macrofungi.
Heritability of insidious uveitis in Appaloosa horses
Authors: Kingsley Nicole B. , Sandmeyer Lynne , Norton Elaine M. , Speed Doug , Dwyer Ann , Lassaline Mary , McCue Molly , Bellone Rebecca R.
Published: October 2022

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a blinding ocular disorder among horses, and the Appaloosa horse breed is disproportionally affected by a chronic form of this intraocular inflammatory disease known as insidious uveitis. Strong breed predisposition and previous investigations suggest that there is a genetic component to the pathology of insidious uveitis among Appaloosa horses; however, no estimates of the heritability of the disease have previously been determined. This study aimed to characterize the genetic underpinning of the disease by estimating the heritability for insidious uveitis among Appaloosas. After combining two genotyping array datasets from the Illumina Equine SNP70 BeadChip and the Axiom Equine 670 K Genotyping Array, heritability was estimated for 59 affected and 83 unaffected horses using both restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and phenotype correlation – genotype correlation solvers from thelinkage disequilibrium adjusted kinshipsoftware. Based on previous research, age and sex were used as covariates, and the locus responsible for the characteristic Appaloosa coat pattern (LP), previously associated with ERU risk, was included as a fixed effect (‘top predictor’). Using prevalence values from 0.05 to 0.42, the heritability estimate for insidious uveitis ranged from 0.95 (SE = 0.14) to 1.74 (SE = 0.25) withLPcontributing 0.16–0.33 to the estimate. This study suggests that insidious uveitis is highly heritable (REML 95% CI,h2 = 0.68–1.0) and additional loci outside ofLPare contributing to the genetic risk for insidious uveitis for Appaloosas. Once identified, these other genetic factors may lead to new disease mitigation efforts in veterinary care and breeding practices.
Segregation analysis identifies specific alpha‐defensin (DEFA1A3) SNP–CNV haplotypes in predisposition to IgA nephropathy
Authors: Shwan Nzar A. A. , Moise Eric C. , Necsoiu Paula E. , Farr Amy J. , Gale Daniel P. , Barratt Jonathan , Armour John A. L.
Published: October 2022

Background

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is a disorder of the immune system affecting kidney function, and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have defined numerous loci with associated variation, all implicating components of innate or adaptive immunity. Among these, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a region including the multiallelic copy number variation (CNV) of DEFA1A3 are associated with IgA nephropathy in both European and Asian populations. At present, the precise factors underlying the observed associations at DEFA1A3 have not been defined, although the key alleles differ between Asian and European populations, and multiple independent factors may be involved even within a single population.

Methods

In this study, we measured DEFA1A3 copy number in UK family trios with an offspring affected by IgA nephropathy, used the population distributions of joint SNP–CNV haplotypes to infer the likely segregation in trios, and applied transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) to examine joint SNP–CNV haplotypes for over‐ or undertransmission into affected offspring from heterozygous parents.

Results and Conclusions

We observed overtransmission of 3‐copy class 2 haplotypes (raw p = 0.029) and some evidence for under‐transmission of 3‐copy class 1 haplotypes (raw p = 0.051), although these apparent effects were not statistically significant after correction for testing of multiple haplotypes.
Classics Revisited: ‘Muddy glee’ ‐ What geography fieldwork means in the current moment
Authors: Leyland Julian , Geoghegan Hilary , Hall Sarah Marie , Latham Alan , Souch Catherine
Published: October 2022

This editorial introduces a Classics Revisited collection within which a range of invited authors have used Louise Bracken and Emma Mawdsley's paper, ‘“Muddy glee”: Rounding out the picture of women and physical geography fieldwork’, as inspiration for reflection and to broaden the debate around geography fieldwork. Published in 2004, ‘Muddy glee’ sought to engage with feminist critiques of the masculinist endeavour of fieldwork, whilst trying to reclaim some of the more nuanced, positive aspects of women in fieldwork. This editorial introduces the classic paper, reflects on fieldwork access today and the role of the RGS‐IBG in helping to shape good practice and briefly introduces the collection of papers that together form the special section.
How compliance with behavioural measures during the initial phase of a pandemic develops over time: A longitudinal COVID‐19 study
Authors: Chambon Monique , Dalege Jonas , Borsboom Denny , Waldorp Lourens J. , van der Maas Han L. J. , van Harreveld Frenk
Published: October 2022

In this longitudinal research, we adopt a complexity approach to examine the temporal dynamics of variables related to compliance with behavioural measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Dutch participants (N = 2399) completed surveys with COVID‐19‐related variables five times over a period of 10 weeks (23 April–30 June 2020). With these data, we estimated within‐person COVID‐19 attitude networks containing a broad set of psychological variables and their relations. These networks display variables' predictive effects over time between measurements and contemporaneous effects during measurements. Results show (1) bidirectional effects between multiple variables relevant for compliance, forming potential feedback loops, and (2) a positive reinforcing structure between compliance, support for behavioural measures, involvement in the pandemic and vaccination intention. These results can explain why levels of these variables decreased throughout the course of the study. The reinforcing structure points towards potentially amplifying effects of interventions on these variables and might inform processes of polarization. We conclude that adopting a complexity approach might contribute to understanding protective behaviour in the initial phase of pandemics by combining different theoretical models and modelling bidirectional effects between variables. Future research could build upon this research by studying causality with interventions and including additional variables in the networks.
Tracking vocabulary and reading growth in children from lower and higher socioeconomic backgrounds during the transition from primary to secondary education
Authors: van der Kleij Sanne W. , Burgess Adrian P. , Ricketts Jessie , Shapiro Laura R.
Published: October 2022

We examined the relation between socioeconomic status (SES), vocabulary, and reading in middle childhood, during the transition from primary (elementary) to secondary (high) school. Children (N = 279, 163 girls) completed assessments of everyday and curriculum‐related vocabulary, (non)word reading, and reading comprehension at five timepoints from age 10 to 13. Piecewise linear mixed‐effects models showed significant growth in everyday vocabulary and word reading between every time point. Curriculum vocabulary and reading comprehension showed significant growth during the school year, but not during the summer holidays. There were significant effects of SES on all measures except word reading; yet, SES differences did not widen over time. Our findings motivate targeted reading and vocabulary support for secondary school students from lower SES backgrounds.
Vascular aneurysms in Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome subtypes: A systematic review
Authors: Shabani Mahsima , Abdollahi Ashkan , Brar Bobby K. , MacCarrick Gretchen L. , Ambale Venkatesh Bharath , Lima Joao A. C. , Bodurtha Joann N.
Published: October 2022

Aneurysmal lesions are commonly seen in Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome (EDS). To better identify the regional and vessel‐specific spectrum of aneurysms in different subtypes of EDS, we performed a systematic review. We searched Medline for relevant studies from 1963 to April 2022. Studies providing a report of any EDS subtype by genetic diagnosis, histologic analysis, or clinical criteria were included. A total of 448 patients from 220 studies were included. 720 vessel‐specific aneurysms were reported: 386 in the abdominopelvic area, 165 in the intracranial region, 98 in the thorax, 2 in the extremities, and 6 in the venous system. In 27 out of the 65 patients with ruptured aneurysms, the ruptured aneurysm was the initial presentation. Multiple aneurysms were present in 163 out of 249 patients who had been systematically evaluated for other locations of aneurysms. The head and neck and abdominopelvic regions are two potential foci for aneurysm formation in patients with EDS. The aneurysm development in EDS is not confined to arteries; the venous system and cardiac septa may also be affected. Many patients develop multiple aneurysms, either at the time of the initial presentation or throughout their lifetime and aneurysm formation or rupture may be the first presentation of EDS.
Periplaneta Americana extract inhibits osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
Authors: Zhao Bin , Zhang Yuning , Xu Jie , Li Yuyu , Yuan Quan , Zhou Chenchen
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Periplaneta americana extract (PAE) is proven to be promising in treating fever, wound healing, liver fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, the role of PAE in skeletal disorders remains unclear. This study investigated whether PAE regulates osteoclastic differentiation in vitro via the culture using RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs).

Materials and Methods

RAW264.7 cells and BMDMs were cultured and induced for osteoclastic differentiation supplementing with different concentrations of PAE (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL). Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity and cell proliferation. TRAP staining, actin ring staining, real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR), and bone resorption activity test were performed to detect osteoclastic differentiation. RT‐qPCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were conducted to assay the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and western blot analysis were carried out to uncover the underlying mechanism.

Results

CCK‐8 results showed that 10 mg/mL and a lower concentration of PAE did not affect cell proliferation. RT‐qPCR analysis verified that PAE down‐regulated the osteoclastic genes Nfatc1, Ctsk, and Acp5 in macrophages. Moreover, PAE restrained the differentiation, formation, and function of osteoclasts. Besides, RT‐qPCR and ELISA assays showed that PAE decreased inflammatory genes expression and reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors, including IL1β, IL6, and TNFα. Subsequent RNA‐seq analysis identified possible genes and signaling pathways of PAE‐mediated osteoclastogenesis suppression.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that PAE has inhibitive effects on osteoclastogenesis and may be a potential therapeutic alternative for bone diseases.
Children's use of pragmatic inference to learn about the social world
Authors: Baharloo Roya , Vasil Ny , Ellwood‐Lowe Monica E. , Srinivasan Mahesh
Published: October 2022

Young children often endorse stereotypes–such as “girls are bad at math.” We explore one mechanism through which these beliefs may be transmitted: via pragmatic inference. Specifically, we ask whether preschoolers and adults can learn about an unmentioned social group from what is said about another group, and if this inferential process is sensitive to the context of the utterance. Sixty‐three‐ to five‐year‐old children and fifty‐five adults were introduced to two novel social groups—Stripeys and Dotties—and witnessed a speaker praising abilities of one group (e.g., “the Stripeys are good at building chairs”). To examine the effect of context, we compared situations where the speaker was knowledgeable about the abilities of both groups, and had been queried about the performance of both groups (broad context), versus situations where the speaker was only knowledgeable about one group and was only asked about that group (narrow context). Both preschoolers and adults were sensitive to context: they were more likely to infer that the group not mentioned by the speaker was relatively unskilled, and were more confident about it, in the broad context condition. Our work integrates research in language development and social cognitive development and demonstrates that even young children can “read between the lines,” utilizing subtle contextual cues to pick up negative evaluative messages about social groups even from statements that ostensibly do not mention them at all.

Highlights

After hearing a speaker praise one group's skill, preschoolers and adults infer that an unmentioned group is relatively less skilled across a range of measures.

These inferences are context‐sensitive and are stronger when the speaker is knowledgeable of and asked about both groups’ skill level.

These results shed light on how children may indirectly learn negative stereotypes, especially ones that adults are unlikely to state explicitly.

This work extends previous research on children's developing pragmatic ability, as well as their ability to learn about the social world from language.
Characteristics and management of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures treated with internal fixation
Authors: Avelino Sabrina Gardiano , de Assis Santos Vinícius Paes , Palmieri Celso F. , Luz João Gualberto C.
Published: October 2022

Background/Aims

The ideal management of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures is unclear and controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics and management of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation.

Material and Methods

Medical records of patients with mandibular fractures in the symphysis, body and angle regions seen between July 2019 and January 2021 were evaluated. Personal data, etiology, location of fractures, characteristics of the teeth involved in the fracture lines and management were collected. The relationship between the fracture lines and the periodontium was classified according to Kamboozia & Punnia‐Moorthy. Fractures were divided into two groups according to the management of the tooth in the fracture line: removal and retention. The likelihood ratio test was used (p < .050).

Results

During the study period, 52 patients with mandibular fractures were seen, of which 42 patients (83.3% men) with a mean age of 29.6 years and 54 fractures were included. The most frequent location was the angle of the mandible (41.3%) (p < .001). The removal group represented 35.2% of the fractures, and the retention group represented 64.8%. The most frequently removed tooth was the third molar (p < .001), and the most frequent classification of dental involvement in the fracture line was type II (p = .047). There was no correlation between age, gender, or etiology and the management of the teeth involved.

Conclusion

The retention of teeth in the fracture line predominated, and the third molar in angle fractures was the most often removed tooth when the fracture line followed the root surface but did not cross the apical region, probably due to the greater frequency of this type of relationship between the fractures and the periodontium.
Towards a machine‐learning assisted diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and their operationalization in preclinical research: Evidence from studies on addiction‐like behaviour in individual rats
Authors: Jadhav Kshitij S. , Boury Jamot Benjamin , Deroche‐Gamonet Veronique , Belin David , Boutrel Benjamin
Published: October 2022

Over the last few decades, there has been a progressive transition from a categorical to a dimensional approach to psychiatric disorders. Especially in the case of substance use disorders, interest in the individual vulnerability to transition from controlled to compulsive drug taking warrants the development of novel dimension‐based objective stratification tools. Here we drew on a multidimensional preclinical model of addiction, namely the 3‐criteria model, previously developed to identify the neurobehavioural basis of the individual's vulnerability to switch from controlled to compulsive drug taking, to test a machine‐learning assisted classifier objectively to identify individual subjects as vulnerable/resistant to addiction. Datasets from our previous studies on addiction‐like behaviour for cocaine or alcohol were fed into a variety of machine‐learning algorithms to develop a classifier that identifies resilient and vulnerable rats with high precision and reproducibility irrespective of the cohort to which they belong. A classifier based on K‐median or K‐mean‐clustering (for cocaine or alcohol, respectively) followed by artificial neural networks emerged as a highly reliable and accurate tool to predict if a single rat is vulnerable/resilient to addiction. Thus, each rat previously characterized as displaying 0‐criterion (i.e., resilient) or 3‐criteria (i.e., vulnerable) in individual cohorts was correctly labelled by this classifier. The present machine‐learning‐based classifier objectively labels single individuals as resilient or vulnerable to developing addiction‐like behaviour in a multisymptomatic preclinical model of addiction‐like behaviour in rats. This novel dimension‐based classifier increases the heuristic value of these preclinical models while providing proof of principle to deploy similar tools for the future of diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
The recruitment of indirect waves within primary motor cortex during motor imagery: A directional transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Neige Cécilia , Ciechelski Valentin , Lebon Florent
Published: October 2022

Motor imagery (MI) refers to the mental simulation of an action without overt movement. While numerous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies provided evidence for a modulation of corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition during MI, the neural signature within the primary motor cortex is not clearly established. In the current study, we used directional TMS to probe the modulation of the excitability of early and late indirect waves (I‐waves) generating pathways during MI. Corticospinal responses evoked by TMS with posterior–anterior (PA) and anterior–posterior (AP) current flow within the primary motor cortex evoke preferentially early and late I‐waves, respectively. Seventeen participants were instructed to stay at rest or to imagine maximal isometric contractions of the right flexor carpi radialis. We demonstrated that the increase of corticospinal excitability during MI is greater with PA than AP orientation. By using paired‐pulse stimulations, we confirmed that short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) increased during MI in comparison to rest with PA orientation, whereas we found that it decreased with AP orientation. Overall, these results indicate that the pathways recruited by PA and AP orientations that generate early and late I‐waves are differentially modulated by MI.
The combination of trailer transport and exercise increases gastrointestinal permeability and markers of systemic inflammation in horses
Authors: McGilloway Melissa , Manley Shannon , Aho Alyssa , Heeringa Keisha N. , Lou Yanping , Squires Eli James , Pearson Wendy
Published: October 2022

Background

Leaky gut syndrome (LGS) is an idiopathic disorder characterised by alterations in intestinal permeability and low‐grade systemic inflammation. Factors contributing to development of LGS are not well‐understood but physiological stressors such as exercise and transport may play a role which may be of pathophysiological relevance in horses.

Objectives

To characterise the combined effect of transport stress and exercise on gastrointestinal permeability, and to determine whether these effects are associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers in plasma.

Study design

Controlled, randomised and cross‐over study.

Methods

Horses (n = 8 per group) were given a gastrointestinal permeability tracer (iohexol; 5.6% solution; 1 ml/kg bwt) via nasogastric entubation prior to being assigned to a stressed (EX; 1 h of trailer transport immediately followed by 30 min moderate intensity exercise; n = 4) or sedentary control (CON; n = 4) group. Plasma samples were obtained prior to iohexol administration (P1), after transport (P2), at exercise cessation (P3), and at 1 (P4), 2 (P5), 4 (P6) and 8 (P7) hours after cessation of exercise and were analysed for iohexol, inflammatory biomarkers (SAA, LPS, IFABP and LBP) and tight junction proteins (zonulin). Faecal samples were collected at times corresponding to before and after stress from both groups and analysed for zonulin. Data were analysed using a 2‐way RM ANOVA.

Results

In EX horses, a significant increase in iohexol was observed at P2 (1.5 ± 0.24 μg/ml;p = 0.03), P3 (2.1 ± 0.29 μg/ml;p < 0.001), P4 (2.1 ± 0.17 μg/ml;p < 0.001) compared with P1 (0.7 ± 0.21 μg/ml); iohexol was significantly higher in EX than CON horses at P3 (p < 0.001), P4 (p < 0.001) and P5 (p = 0.003). LPS and SAA were significantly higher in EX than CON at P4 (p < 0.001) and P6 (p = 0.04), respectively.

Main limitations

Data from our small sample size may not be generalisable to the larger equine population.

Conclusions

Combined transport and exercise increases gastrointestinal permeability and systemic SAA and LPS. The model described herein may be useful in further studies on the role of alterations in gastrointestinal permeability in equine disease.
Factors affecting the catch and harvest rates of paddlefish downstream of Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota, 2000–2020
Authors: Radigan William J. , Fopma Seth , Sorensen Jason , Longhenry Christopher M.
Published: October 2022

Paddlefish, Polyodon spathula (Walbaum), provide an important snagging and bowfishing fishery below Gavins Point Dam in South Dakota. During 2009–2020, snagging catch rates of paddlefish decreased below Gavins Point Dam to presumed “normal” lower pre‐2004 levels, while bowfishing catch (harvest) rates significantly increased during 2000–2020. Because Paddlefish are highly migratory, both local (i.e., monthly gauge height, precipitation, and air temperature near Gavins Point Dam) and remote (difference in Mississippi and Missouri River discharge near their confluence) environmental conditions were used to explain variation in snagging catch rates and bowfishing harvest rates. Snagging catch rates were related to October gauge height, whereby deeper water in October led to decreased catch rates below Gavins Point Dam. Bowfishing harvest rates increased significantly after a 2016 regulation change moved the season from July 1 to July 31, and from June 1 to June 30, likely because water clarity was greater in June than in July. Mean annual air temperature and precipitation explained variation in bowfishing harvest rates prior to the 2016 regulation change. Our findings, the first to examine both snagging and bowfishing fisheries below Gavins Point Dam, suggest that local abiotic factors are likely more important than remote discharge for explaining variation in snagging catch rates and bowfishing harvest rates in the channelised Missouri River.
Harvest and dispersal syndromes influence the probability of tree seedling establishment in the eastern United States
Authors: Sparbanie Taylor M. , Snell Rebecca S.
Published: October 2022

Aim

The goal of this work was to investigate the influence of disturbance, in particular tree harvesting, on seedling establishment rates both within and beyond the range extent of individual species. In addition, we considered how disturbances differentially affect seedling establishment depending on the dispersal syndromes and shade tolerance of species.

Location

This project covers the eastern forests of the USA.

Time period

Data for this project extend from 1996 to 2019.

Major taxa studied

Tree species of the eastern USA.

Methods

We used the US Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data for tree species of the eastern USA to investigate the influence of disturbance, the dispersal mechanism and shade tolerance of species on the establishment of seedlings. We ran generalized linear models for seedling presence/absence and the number of seedlings as the response variables. Disturbance categories were no disturbance, natural disturbance, harvest, and both harvest and natural disturbance.

Results

The probability of seedling establishment increased in response to harvest within FIA plots but not in response to natural disturbances. Harvest increased the probability of seedling presence the most for shade‐intolerant species; however, intermediately shade‐tolerant and ‐intolerant species also increased in harvested plots. Additionally, bird‐dispersed species had a higher probability of colonizing new plots outside their range, in comparison to mammal‐dispersed or wind‐dispersed tree species.

Main conclusions

Our results suggest that stand competition is an important limiting factor for seedling establishment in the dense, secondary forests of the eastern USA. Harvesting creates sizeable gaps that promote seedling establishment and species turnover. Harvesting especially facilitates the establishment of tree species with bird dispersal outside of their range. Thus, timber harvesting can be a useful management tool when the goal is to assist range shifts for certain species. We recommend that future research should include harvested plots when looking for evidence of recent tree migration.
Residual dentition, prosthesis type and oral health‐related quality of life in Uruguayan adults
Authors: Seoane Mariana , Lorenzo‐Erro Susana Margarita , Massa Fernando , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Hugo Fernando Neves , De Marchi Renato Jose , Celeste Roger Keller
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To investigate the association between different types of dental prostheses (and residual dentition) and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Methods

A population‐based study with a representative sample of adults and older adults in Uruguay (2010‐2011). The dependent variable was the score on the oral impact on daily performance (OIDP), and the main predictor was the pattern of tooth loss and prosthesis use. Covariates included sex, age, socioeconomic status, education, missing teeth, pain and decayed teeth. Negative binomial regression was used.

Results

The sample comprised 762 participants. Those participants not wearing a prosthesis and with extensive tooth loss had a mean OIDP of 3.1 (95% CI = 1.6‐6.2), while those wearing removable partial dentures (RPD) and having <12 missing teeth had a mean OIDP of 3.6 (95% CI = 1.3‐10.0). Participants with a free‐end saddle had the highest mean OIDP, at 4.9 (95% CI = 2.0‐12.1). For participants with ≤12 missing teeth, any additional missing tooth was associated with an 11% higher OIDP score. Participants who wore RDPs reported fewer impacts on OHRQoL if they had extensive tooth loss or anterior tooth loss than those with a free‐end saddle, or who had lost fewer teeth.

Conclusions

The use of RPDs is associated with better OHRQoL. These findings may be valuable in clinical practice and prosthetic planning.
The importance of considering the evolutionary history of polyploids when assessing climatic niche evolution
Authors: Padilla‐García Nélida , Šrámková Gabriela , Záveská Eliška , Šlenker Marek , Clo Josselin , Zeisek Vojtěch , Lučanová Magdalena , Rurane Ieva , Kolář Filip , Marhold Karol
Published: October 2022

Aim

Although whole‐genome duplication (WGD) is an important speciation force, we still lack a consensus on the role of niche differentiation in polyploid evolution. In addition, the role of genome doubling per se vs. later divergence on polyploid niche evolution remains obscure. One reason for this might be that the intraspecific genetic structure of polyploid complexes and interploidy gene flow is often neglected in ecological studies. Here, we aim to investigate to which extent these evolutionary processes impact our inference on niche differentiation of autopolyploids.

Location

Europe.

Taxon

Arabidopsis arenosa (Brassicaceae).

Methods

Leveraging a total of 352 cytotyped populations of diploid‐autotetraploid A. arenosa, we examined differences among climatic niches of diploid and tetraploid lineages both globally, and independently for each tetraploid lineage with respect to the niche of its evolutionary closest relative. Then, we tested whether there was an effect of additional interploidy introgression from other sympatric but ancestrally divergent diploid lineages of A. arenosa on climatic niches of tetraploids.

Results

Ecological niche shift of tetraploids is only detected when the assignment of populations to intraspecific genetic lineages is considered. We found different patterns of climatic niche evolution (i.e. niche conservatism, contraction or expansion) in each tetraploid lineage when compared to its evolutionary closest relatives. We observed an effect of interploidy gene flow in patterns of climatic niche evolution of the tetraploid ruderal lineage of A. arenosa.

Main conclusions

The niche shift of tetraploids in A. arenosa is not driven by WGD per se but rather reflects dynamic post‐WGD evolution in the species, involving tetraploid migration out of their ancestral area and interploidy introgression with other diploid lineages. Our study supports that evolutionary processes following WGD—which usually remain undetected by studies neglecting evolutionary history of polyploids—may play a key role in the adaptation of polyploids to challenging environments.
The effects of stress on adolescents' school engagement
Authors: Coşkun Şimşek Didem , Günay Ulviye
Published: October 2022

Problem

Adolescents experience stress due to physical, cognitive, emotional and sexual development. This descriptive study was conducted to find out whether stress experienced by adolescents affected their school engagement.

Methods

The sample was 440 students studying in a high schools in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey between October 2020 and January 2021. The data were collected using the Sociodemographic Information Form, the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ‐S) and the School Engagement Scale.

Findings

Statistically significant differences were found between adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics and mean scores on the ASQ‐S subdimension and total scores (p ˂ 0.05). A strong negative association was found between adolescents' ASQ mean subdimension and total scores and their School Engagement Scale mean subdimension and total scores (p ˂ 0.05).

Conclusions

It was found that adolescents’ sociodemographic characteristic affected their stress levels and school engagement and that high stress levels experienced by adolescents negatively affected their school engagement.
Paternal perinatal stress is associated with children's emotional problems at 2 years
Authors: Challacombe Fiona L. , Pietikäinen Johanna T. , Kiviruusu Olli , Saarenpää‐Heikkilä Outi , Paunio Tiina , Paavonen E. Juulia
Published: October 2022

Background

Paternal mental health in pregnancy and postpartum has been increasingly highlighted as important both in its own right, but also as crucial for the development of children. Rates of help‐seeking among fathers is low, possibly due to conceptualising their own difficulties as stress rather than problems with mood. The relationship between paternal stress and child outcomes has not been investigated.

Methods

This study used data from the Finnish CHILD‐SLEEP birth cohort. Data were available for 901 fathers and 939 mothers who completed questionnaires on demographics, stress, anxiety and depression at 32 weeks gestation, 3 months, 8 months and 24 months postpartum. Parental report of child emotional and behavioural problems was collected at 24 months.

Results

Around 7% of fathers experienced high stress (over 90% percentile) at each timepoint measured in the perinatal period, rising to 10% at 2 years postpartum. Paternal stress measured antenatally, at 3 and 24 months was associated with child total problems at 24 months, while paternal depression and anxiety were not related to child outcomes when in the same model. After adjusting for concurrent maternal depression, anxiety and stress, an association remained between paternal stress at each timepoint and child total problem scores at 24 months. The strongest association was with paternal stress at 3 months (OR 3.17; 95% CI 1.63–6.16). There were stronger relationships between paternal stress and boys' rather than girls' total problem scores, although the interactions were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Paternal stress is an important manifestation of perinatal distress and is related to child mental health, particularly when present in the early postpartum months. Paternal stress should therefore be assessed in the perinatal period, which presents opportunities for early intervention and prevention of difficulties for both father and child.
What matters most to the material intensity coefficient of buildings? Random forest‐based evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Ruirui , Guo Jing , Yang Dong , Shirakawa Hiroaki , Shi Feng , Tanikawa Hiroki
Published: October 2022

Material intensity coefficient (MIC) is vital for material stock accounting in the field of industrial ecology. However, the categorization of MIC varies across regions especially for buildings that diverge greatly along the history and space aspect, and acquisition of MIC data and building information have always been a challenge in related studies. In this study, the state‐of‐art ensemble model “Random Forest” was developed on Chinese buildings to identify the impact of four building attributes (building structure, construction year, use type, and region) on MIC, and these features’ importance was further assessed by considering variable correlations. The features’ importance and their individual effects on MIC were intuitively revealed by depicting the partial dependence plots. Finally, a set of hierarchical MIC values was estimated by integrating the order of four variables’ importance and a quick MIC calculator was provided. Results showed that building structure is the most influential attribute for MIC, followed by the construction year, use type, and region, successively. The RF‐based MIC values allow researchers to apply it to material stock and flow analysis by choosing a specific building feature(s) in the MIC calculator, which is (are) available in building physical inventory data. This study provides a method that could help researchers locate key influencing variables and give insights into the comparability of MIC research across regions and play an important role in developing urban mining and circular economy strategies.
Midwifery Management of a Birthing Person with Cervical Edema During Labor
Authors: LoGiudice Jenna A. , Holland Eliza , Esposito Christa Palancia
Published: October 2022

During active labor, a birthing person with cervical edema often has a dysfunctional or prolonged labor and, therefore, an increased risk for cesarean birth. Midwives seeking evidence on how to manage cervical edema when they are faced with this clinical situation will note a gap in the literature regarding the management of cervical edema that this report aims to fill. This case will discuss the use of intravenous diphenhydramine (Benadryl), the application of ice to the cervix, side‐lying release, epidural analgesia use, manual reduction of the cervix, and various positions to encourage reduction in cervical swelling. It is hoped these strategies will add to a midwife's clinical resources by providing ways to promote vaginal birth in the setting of cervical edema during labor.
No significant changes in preterm birth, low‐birth‐weight, and small‐for‐gestational‐age infants during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic in a rural area in Japan
Authors: Maki Yohei , Tokuda Atsuko , Kino Emi , Yamauchi Aya , Ohtsuka Teruo , Terao Kiminari
Published: October 2022

Aims

To evaluate the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic's impact on pregnancy outcomes in a Japanese rural area.

Methods

This retrospective study focused on the periods between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021 (during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic), and January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. Singleton pregnancies delivered at or after 22 gestational weeks were included. Preterm delivery, low‐birth‐weight, and small‐for‐gestational‐age infant rates during the pandemic were compared to those in the preceding 3 years.

Results

In the pandemic and control groups, 1650 and 5762 pregnant women were included, respectively. Two pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 were identified (0.1%). There were no significant intergroup differences in preterm delivery rates (control, 4% vs. pandemic, 3.3%; difference: −0.7% [95% confidence interval: −1.7%–0.3%], p = 0.22). The low‐birth‐weight rate tended to decrease; however, the difference was insignificant (7.9% vs. 6.5%; difference: −1.4% [95% confidence interval: −2.8–0%], p = 0.06). The small‐for‐gestational‐age infant rate was significantly lower in the pandemic than in the control group (7.3% vs. 5.2%; difference: −2.1% [95% confidence interval: −3.3–0.8%], p < 0.01). However, the interrupted time series analysis showed no significant trend.

Conclusions

There were no significant changes in the rates of preterm delivery, low‐birth‐weight infants, and small‐for‐gestational‐age infants during the pandemic's first year compared to those in the preceding 3 years. Behavioral changes, such as “stay‐at‐home” measures, may not improve pregnancy outcomes in Japan.
Automatic concrete defect detection and reconstruction by aligning aerial images onto semantic‐rich building information model
Authors: Chen Junjie , Lu Weisheng , Lou Jinfeng
Published: October 2022

Concrete defect information is of vital importance to building maintenance. Increasingly, computer vision has been explored for automated concrete defect detection. However, existing studies suffer from the challenging issue of false positives. In addition, 3D reconstruction of the defects to pinpoint their positions and geometries has not been sufficiently explored. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel computational approach for detecting and reconstructing concrete defects from geotagged aerial images. A bundle registration algorithm is devised to align a batch of aerial photographs with a building information model (BIM). The registration enables the retrieval of material semantics in BIM to determine the regions of interest for defect detection. It helps rectify the camera poses of the aerial images, enabling precise defect reconstruction. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, which significantly reduced the false discovery rate from 70.8% to 56.8%, resulting in an intersection over union 6.4% higher than that of the traditional method. The geometry of the defects was successfully reconstructed in 3D world space. This study opens a new avenue to advance the field of defect detection by exploiting the rich information from BIM. The approach can be deployed at scale, supporting urban renovation, numerical simulation, and other smart applications.