bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of 2-Phenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline Derivative Compounds
Authors: Hadanu Ruslin , Mustofa Mustofa , Nazudin Nazudin
Published: December 2019

To develop new potential antimalarial drugs of 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 derivatives from 8-aminoquinoline as startingmaterial were synthesized in good yields. The synthesis of 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 derivatives compoundswith 8-aminoquinoline 4 as starting material through three steps has been carried out. The first step of reactions is aldolcondensation of benzaldehyde 1 with acetaldehyde 2. The result of reactions is cinnamaldehyde 3 (92.14%) in the form ofyellow solid. The second step of reactions was synthesized of 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 (brown solid, 54.63%)through cyclization of 8-aminoquinoline 4 with cinnamaldehyde 3 compound. The third step of reactions is methylation andethylation of 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline using dimethyl sulphate (DMS) and diethyl sulphate (DES) reagents that it wasrefluxed for 17 and 19 h, respectively. The results of reactions are (1)-N-methyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 6and (1)-N-ethyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 7 in yield from 90.62% and 89.70%, respectively. The results oftesting in vitro antiplasmodial activity at chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 strain to 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 derivatives obtained that (1)-N-ethyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 7 compound has higherantimalarial activity (IC 50 :0.13 ± 0.02 μM) than antimalarial activity of (1)-N-methyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate6 compound (IC 50 :0.25 ± 0.01 μM) and 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 compound (IC 50 :2.45 ± 0.09 μM). While, the resultsof testing in vitro antiplasmodial activity at chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum D10 strain to 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 derivatives obtained that (1)-N-methyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 6 compound has higherantimalarial activity (IC 50 :0.10± 0.04 μM) than antimalarial activity of (1)-N-ethyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate7 (IC 50 :0.18 ± 0.01 μM) and 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 compound (IC 50 :0.55 ± 0.07 μM).
Keanekaragaman Spesies Parasitoid Telur Hama Lepidoptera dan Parasitisasinya pada Beberapa Tanaman di Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Hidrayani Hidrayani , Rusli R. , Lubis Y. S.
Published: December 2019

A study was conducted to determine the species diversity of lepidoptera egg parasitoids on several crops in Solok. lepidopteran eggs were collected from rice, corn, tomato, and cabbage. A survey was conducted by using Stratified Purposive Sampling Method. Two districts (Gunung Talang and Lembah Gumanti) were chosen as centre of the target crops. The results showed that five species of egg parasitoids were found parasitizing lepidopteran eggs. The species found on rice were Telenomus sp., Tetrastichus sp., and Trichogramma japonicum parasitizing Scirpophaga incertulas and Hesperiidae with parasitization levels were 29.54; 13.02; and 2.05% respectively. The species found on corn was Trichogrammatoidea spp. parasitizing Helicoverpa armigera with parasitization level was 29.07%. None of parasitoid was found to parasitize eggs of H. armigera on tomato. The egg parasitoid parasitizing Crocidolomia pavonana and Spodoptera litura on cabbage was Trichogramma chilotrae with parasitization level was 1.67%. The most abundance species of lepidopteran egg parasitoids were Telenomus sp.and Trichogrammatoidea sp. The diversity index of egg parasitoids on rice in different sample areas varied from 0.46 to 0.63 based on Simpsons index. It indicated that the species diversity of lepidopteran eggs was relatively low.
Purifikasi Parsial Enzim Ekstraseluler (Anoxybacillus sp.) yang Diisolasi dari Sumber Air Panas Bukit Kili Solok serta Aplikasinya untuk Menghidrolisis Limbah Berserat
Authors: Octarya Zona , Syukur Sumaryati , Purwati Endang
Published: December 2019

Termostable enzyme from thermophilic bacteria is very potential to improve technical enzyme in industry which used hightemperature. High water temperature exerts selection pressure on microbial species leading to specific flora that survivesand tolerates heat stress. The relative isolation and unique physical properties of Bukit Kili Ketek Hot Springs in Solok,West Sumatera may yield unique thermophiles. The generation of extracellular enzymatic bacterial is highly desirable forproduction of hydrolitic enzymes, which are useful in various industrial application and in animal feeds. This study,conducted to purify extracellular enzymes from thermophilic bacteria (Anoxybacillus sp.). This bacteria was isolated inBukit Kili Ketek Hot Springs, and after identified by analysis of 16S rRNA gene, 97% of similiarty with Anoxybacillus sp.was of obtained. The temperature of the hot waters was 52°C and the pH was 8. Extracellular and hydrolytic enzymeproduction were screened by qualitative SDS-PAGE method. SDS-PAGE analysis gave protein bands at ±110 kDa, ±80 kDa,±60 kDa, 50 kDa, 25 kDa, and ±10 kDa, respectively. Extracellular enzymes were used to degrade cellulose waste. Thecellulose activity for degradation of baggasse and pineapple pulp was 0,451 IU/mL and 0,310 IU/mL at 50°C and pH 6.
Populasi Mikrob di Rizosfer dan Pertumbuhan Caisim (Brassica juncea) di Tanah Dikontaminasi Insektisida Organoklorin setelah Aplikasi Konsorsia Mikrob dan Kompos
Authors: Hindersah Reginawanti , Rachman Wahyuda , Fitriatin Betty Natalie , Nursyamsi Dedi
Published: December 2019

Organochlorine insecticide hed been banned for agriculture but nowadays its residue was still found in some agriculturalsoil. One of ways to lower organochlorine residue in soil is by using degrading-organochlorine microbial consortiaaccompanied by compost application. However, application of exogenous microbes might affect bacterial and fungalpopulation in soil and hence plant growth. The pot experiment has been set up to verify the influence of Pseudomonasmallei and Trichoderma sp. and compost on total bacteria and fungi on rhizosphere of caisim (Brassica juncea L.) grownon Andisols which were contaminated with organochlorine insecticide of Heptachlor, endosulfan, dieldrin, and DDT.Experimental design was Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replicates. The first factor was microbial consortiaof P.mallei and Trichoderma sp., and the second one was the kind of compost. The result showed that effect of microbialconsortia on total bacteria population was determined by the kind of compost. Total bacterial population in rhizosphere ofcaisim grown with cow manure compost and microbial consortia was more increased. However, microbial consortia as wellas any kind of compost did not influence total fungal population in caisim rhizosphere. Amount of leaf increased due tomicrobial and compost application however plant yield did not.
Penggunaan Bahan Organik dan Kombinasinya dalam Formulasi Biofungisida Berbahan Aktif Jamur Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai. untuk Menghambat Jamur Ganoderma boninense Pat. secara in vitro
Authors: Elfina Yetti , Ali Muhammad , Saputra Rachmad
Published: December 2019

Trichoderma pseudokoningii has been applied as a biocontrol agent against fungal plant pathogen, such as Ganoderma boninense, the cause of stem rot disease on palm oil plants. To be more effectively applicable in the field, some experiments have been employed to formulate T. pseudokoningii in a biofungicide formulation amended with organic matter as its main nutrient resource, zealot as a carrier agent and cocoyam powder as a mixture agent. A research has been conducted to study the effect of various organic matters and their combinations in a biofungicide formulation of T. pseudokoningii on growth inhibition to G. boninense in-vitro and to obtain the best organic matters and their combinations in enhancing the growth of T. pseudokoningii and yet inhibiting G. boninense. The research has been conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Riau from May to August 2012, using a completely randomized design consisting of 15 treatments (bagasse, rice husk, shrimp shell, dregs, and their combinations) and 3 replications. The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results indicated that organic matters and their combinations in the biofungicide formulation significantly affected the antagonistic capacity of T. pseudokoningii in inhibiting the growth of G. boninense in vitro. Rice husk, bagases, bagasse+rice husks, and bagasse+dregs were the best organic matters in enhancing the growth of T. pseudokoningii and its capacity to inhibit G. boninense in-vitro. It can also be concluded that shrimp shell, bagasse+shrimp shell, rice husk+shrimp shell, shrimp shell+dregs and rice husk+shrimp shell+dregs totally inhibited the growth of T. pseudokoningii in the biofungicide formulation.
Etiology and Pattern of Drug Induced Liver Injury in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal
Authors: K.C. Anuj , Jha S. , Thapa S.
Published: December 2019

Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the common cause of liver toxicity. Most of the drugs used today are hepatotoxic. DILI accounts for approximately one-half of the cases of acute liver failure and mimics all forms of acute and chronic liver disease. It is the single most common adverse drug reaction leading to a halt in the development of new medication by pharmaceutical company, failure of new drug to obtain regulatory approval, and withdrawal or restriction of existing drug from the market. The aim of this study is to evaluate common causes and patterns of DILI in our setting. Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in the study. Ant tubercular drugs were most common cause of DILI, accounting for 48.2%. Other common causes of DILI were paracetamol (14.8%) and NSAID’s (11.1%). The most common pattern of liver injury seen was mixed pattern which was present in63%, followed by cholestatic and hepatocellular pattern. Hence, we should be very careful while prescribing these frequently used drugs.
A Comparative Study on Efficacy of Amoxicillin and Azithromycin in Prevention of Postoperative Sequelae Following Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Gurung Rashmi Shakya , Bimb K. , Shrestha D.
Published: December 2019

Amoxicillin is the commonly prescribed antimicrobial for prevention of post-operative complications following surgical extraction of mandibular third molar. However recently, the use of macrolideantibiotics had been encouraged in dentistry. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Amoxicillin and Azithromycin in preventing post-operative sequelae following third molar surgery. An open- labeled randomized controlled study was carried out in Department of Oraland Maxillofacial surgery, college of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Nepal Medical College (CODSHNMC), Attarkhel, Kathmandu, Nepal from May 2018 to June 2019. One hundred and twenty patients undergoing surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar were randomized by lottery method into two groups: Group A received Amoxicillin and Group B received Azithromycin. Both the groups were assessed postoperatively on 1st, 3rd and 7th days for post-operative complications- pain, swelling, trismus and pus discharge. The present study revealed no significant differences between the efficacy of Amoxicillin and Azithromycin in preventing postoperative sequelae following surgical extraction of impacted third molar. Amoxicillin and Azithromycin were therefore found to be equally effective. Thus, Azithromycin can be used as an alternative drug to Amoxicillin in case of resistance and intolerance to Amoxicillin.
DO R&D EXPENDITURE, MULTINATIONALITY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE INFLUENCE TRANSFER PRICING AGGRESSIVENESS?
Authors: Dinca Mimar Husnaliana , Fitriana Vita Elisa
Published: December 2019

This research aims to examine the influence of R&D expenditure, multinationality and corporate governance (independent commissioners and shareholders ownership) toward transfer pricing aggressiveness. The prior study recommends determining the factors that affecting transfer pricing aggressiveness in different jurisdictions. Transfer pricing aggressiveness in this research is shown by transfer pricing index, which is the disclosure of transactions with related parties relating to transfer pricing. This research uses 63 multinational companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016-2017. The results indicate regression analysis research and development expenditures have no influence toward transfer pricing aggressiveness. Meanwhile, multinationality has a positive influence on transfer pricing aggressiveness. Moreover, corporate governances represented by independent commissioners and shareholders ownership have negative influences on transfer pricing aggressiveness.
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Situmorang Christina Verawaty , Simanjuntak Arthur
Published: December 2019

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of good corporate governance on corporate financial performance. Good corporate governance in this study is proxied by percentage of institutional ownership, composition of board of directors and composition of independent commissioner. The financial performance of a banking company is measured by Return on Equity (ROE). The population of this study are banking companies Book II and III listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), amounting to 29 companies. The technique of the sample using purposive sampling obtained 19 companies. The type of data used is secondary data. Data analysis technique in this research use multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study partially indicate that the percentage of institutional ownership, composition of board of directors and composition of independent commissioner has no significant effect with the direction of negative coefficient on ROE. While the simultaneous percentage of institutional ownership, the composition of the board of directors and the composition of independent commissioners composition have significant effect on ROE with positive coefficient direction.
Созависимость как проблема конфликтологической практики
Authors: Ivanova E. N. , Naumova E. I. , Makarin A. V.
Published: December 2019

the article represents the analysis of such phenomenon as codependency. It is mentioned the lack of medical or psychological understanding of this problem. It is developed the psychoanalytic and evolution approaches in understanding the sense of codependency. Psychoanalytic approach is represented by the K. Horney’s theory and develop codependency as the way of overcoming of basic anxiety which emerges as the result of the oppression hostile impulse in relation to the close figure. Evolution approach is represented in B. and J. Weinhold’s theory and open codependency as a trauma of evolution connected with unsuccessful separation of the close figure what forms the infantile behavior and radical dependency on the others’ opinion in self-certification of man. On the base of these two approaches concludes that codependency is the common appearance, the symptom of contemporary culture which is connected with the social model of domination and inequality. The introduction in human life the models of partnership is the way of overcoming the problem of codependency. The practical conflictology is the concrete sphere of introduction and elaboration of the partnership models. In the research the co-dependency problem is concerned in two directions — in connection with clients’ specific and as the one defined by cognitive-emotional- behavioral attitudes of specialists-conflictologists. The special significance of awareness of this problem and overcoming it by mediators because of its counteraction with the basic mediation principles, first of all neutrality of a specialist is noted. The author’s investigation results conducted with the participation of mediators and consultants with different experience of work in the profession are presented. The results show widely spread codependent tendencies among practicing conflictologists especially among beginners. The connection of the syndrome of codependency and professional burning out and the problem growing along with the widening of conflictologists’ practice is shown. 5 types of specialists’ codependency dynamics in the process of gathering experience of work with clients are identified and corresponding consequences are shown. The significance of overcoming and profilaxy of codependency growth is noted and the ways of gaining the result are analyzed.
ANALYSIS OF LOVE BY USING TRINGULAR THEORY OF LOVE BY STERNBERG IN BREAKING DAWN NOVEL BY STEPHENIE MEYER. (A PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY)
Authors: Mahmud Fazriyani S
Published: December 2019

Love is something that everyone may have. Even love is the right of every human being in the world so that everyone has the right to love and be loved by others. Generally love is a form of emotion that contains attraction, sexual desire, and attention to someone. This shows that love has several components in it including intimacy, passion, and commitment. This research is focused on analyzing love experiences by using the triangular theory of love by Sternberg on some of the characters in the novel Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer. This research used a descriptive qualitative method and used Sternberg's theory to analyze the experience of love in the breaking dawn novel. The result of this research has three components in love including intimacy, passion, and commitment.Keywords: Love, Triangular of Love, Intimacy, Passion, Commitment
Choosing between simple and complex remedies in socio-economic rights cases
Authors: Landau David
Published: December 2019

Recent work by Kent Roach argues that the best way for judges to protect significant violations of rights is through a two-track approach that combines simple and complex, dialogical remedies. He insightfully shows that simple and complex remedies perform different roles and vindicate different conceptions of justice. This article considers the role of simple and complex remedies in enforcing socio-economic rights. The author argues that the ideal remedy for widespread socio-economic rights violations will only sometimes, but not always, run on two tracks. Under common conditions, courts will want to work on only one of the two tracks, by issuing either a simple remedy or a complex remedy. This article analyses the factors that should guide courts in choosing between simple and complex remedies in socio-economic rights cases.
Mechanical properties of cryogenically treated AA5083 friction stir welds
Authors: Vasudevan Neelamegam , Bhaskar Govindasamy Bhavani , Rao Tadivaka Srinivasa , Mohandass Muthukrishnan
Published: December 2019

In this investigation, the effect of cryogenic treatment (CT) on room temperature mechanical properties was investigated. 10 mm thick AA5083-H321 plates were friction stir welded and the welds were deep treated cryogenically using liquid nitrogen. The effect of CT on the mechanical properties of the welds was investigated by hardness, tensile, and impact tests. Weld microstructures were also examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The cryogenic treatment was found to marginally improve the hardness across the weld. The CT was found to exhibit a minimal improvement in both yield and tensile strengths of the base material and the welded joint. However, the percentage elongation was not affected by the CT process. Tensile failures occurred in the weld nugget and thermo-mechanically-affected zone interface for both untreated and treated welds. The impact toughness was found to decrease after the CT, and the effect is more pronounced in the welds than in the base material. The effect of CT on microstructures was not found to be noticeable. On the whole, it is understood that there is a slight increase in strength and hardness and a slight decrease in toughness as a result of cryogenic treatment.
Effects of the chemical treatment of avocado pear wood filler on the properties of LDPE composites
Authors: Government Rabboni Mike , Ani Kingsley Amechi , Azeez Taofik Oladimeji , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic
Published: December 2019

The characteristics of wood filler-thermoplastics composites coupled with the incessant order of these products on a daily basis have long been of scholarly interest. This work is aimed at investigating the influence of chemical-modified avocado pear wood filler (APWF) on the mechanical and water absorption behavior of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The avocado pear wood filler-low density polyethylene (APWF/LDPE) composites were prepared by fresh APWF (UN) modified by the action of sodium hydroxide (NS), sodium hydroxide/acetic acid (AA) and sodium hydroxide/acetic acid/maleate polyethylene (MP), respectively and then merged with a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix by injection molding, respectively. The effect of the filler content on the properties was evaluated. The active groups and morphology of APWF/LDPE composites were studied using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The treated APWF exhibited better mechanical properties and higher water resistance than the UN with a greater improvement for the MP of the APWF/LDPE composite as captured by a FTIR and SEM graph. Consequently, the MP of an APWF/LDPE composite is highly recommended as an application for furniture and finishings.
Dynamic Mechanical And Water Absorption Properties Of Microcrystalline Cellulose Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: The Effect Of Unconventional Irradiation Route
Authors: Samat Noorasikin , Mohd Lazim Nurul Hakimah , Halim Zahurin
Published: December 2019

The unconventional electron beam (EB) irradiation route in preparing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fiber reinforced recycled polypropylene (rPP) composites was studied. In this route, the rPP was first subjected to EB irradiation at various doses (10-50kGy) and was then used as a compatibilizer. Unirradiated and irradiated rPPs were blended at two different ratios (90:10; 50:50) and added with MCC at contents of 5, 20 and 40wt%. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and water absorption tests were carried out. The DMA spectra exhibited high stiffness and damping behaviour. As the content of MCC increased, the water resistance of composites dropped slightly as compared to the controlled rPP. However, some compositions (50:50/40MCC-10kGy and 50:50/5MCC-50kGy) had shown opposite results. The improvement in the studied properties proved the existence of the compatibility effect that occurred at low irradiation doses, and also depended on the ratio (unirradiated and irradiated rPP) and MCC contents.

ABSTRAK: Kaedah sinaran gelombang elektron secara bukan konvensional dalam penyediaan komposit polipropilena kitar semula (rPP) bersama serat selulosa mikrohablur (MCC) telah dikaji. Dalam kaedah ini, rPP telah didedahkan kepada sinaran gelombang elektron dengan dos yang berbeza (10-50kGy) dan kemudiannya digunakan sebagai penserasi.  rPP tidak tersinar dan tersinar telah dicampur dengan nisbah  (90:10; 50:50) dan ditambah dengan MCC pada kandungan 5, 20 and 40wt%. Analisis dinamik mekanikal (DMA) dan ujian penyerapan air telah dijalankan. Spektrum DMA menunjukkan sifat kekakuan dan pengenduran yang tinggi. Apabila kandungan MCC bertambah, kerintangan komposit terhadap air berkurang sedikit berbanding rPP terkawal. Bagaimanapun sebahagian komposisi (50:50/40MCC-10kGy and 50:50/5MCC-50kGy) telah menunjukkan keputusan sebaliknya. Penambahbaikan sifat bahan dalam kajian ini membuktikan kewujudan kesan keserasian yang berlaku pada dos sinaran rendah, dan juga bergantung kepada nisbah (rPP tidak tersinar dan tersinar) dan kandungan MCC.
USING SIMILARITY DEGREES TO IMPROVE FUZZY MINING ASSOCIATION RULE BASED MODEL FOR ANALYZING IT ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY
Authors: Supriyati Endang , Iqbal Mohammad , Khotimah Tutik
Published: December 2019

Higher education has great potential in producing new startups in the IT (Information Technology) field. Many choices influence students to become IT- entrepreneurs. Association Rule can be used to obtain a model by analysing data so that it can be used to make a rule to the IT entrepreneurship-student model, but the association algorithm has disadvantages in handling large datasets. We propose reducing candidate itemsets using degrees of fuzzy similarity. The membership function in fuzzy sets can be used to measure the quality of rules obtained. The purpose of this study is to improve the algorithm by evaluating the similarity of candidate itemsets to get a good quality rule. This research method has 2 phases, namely (1) calculating the membership function with similarity itemset and (2) applying fuzzy mining association rule. Phase 1 has several steps, including: preparation of a transaction database, the taxonomy process, and identification of similar itemset. Phase 2 has several steps as well. The first is defining membership functions, and the last is a fuzzy mining fuzzy association rule. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed to 1225 students who were members of the IT entrepreneurship program. The results of this study were reduced into 823 itemsets and produced an IT entrepreneurship rule model.

ABSTRAK: Pendidikan tinggi mempunyai potensi besar dalam menghasilkan permulaan baru dalam bidang IT. Banyak pilihan mempengaruhi pelajar bagi menjadi usahawan-IT. Kaedah Bersekutu boleh digunakan bagi mendapatkan model dengan menganalisa data supaya ianya dapat digunakan menjadi model kepada pelajar keusahawanan-IT, namun algoritma bersekutu mempunyai kelemahan dalam mengendalikan dataset yang besar. Kami mencadangkan pengurangan bilangan set item menggunakan tahapan persamaan kabur. Fungsi ahli dalam set kabur dapat digunakan bagi mengukur kualiti aturan yang diperoleh. Tujuan kajian ini adalah bagi meningkatkan algoritma dengan menilai persamaan set item calon bagi mendapatkan aturan kualiti yang baik. Kaedah penyelidikan ini mempunyai 2 peringkat, iaitu (1) mengira fungsi ahli dengan set item persamaan dan (2) menerapkan aturan perlombongan bersekutu kabur. Peringkat 1 mempunyai beberapa langkah, iaitu: urus niaga pangkalan data, proses taksonomi, identifikasi set item yang sama. Tahap 2 mempunyai beberapa langkah, iaitu: menentukan fungsi keahlian, dan akhirnya, aturan perlombongan bersekutu. Dalam kajian ini, soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada 1225 pelajar yang menjadi ahli program keusahawanan IT. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pengurangan nombor dataset kepada 823 set item dan menghasilkan model aturan teknologi keusahawanan IT.
A REVIEW ON SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING ENABLED IOT CLOUD COMPUTING
Authors: Badotra Sumit , Panda S.N.
Published: December 2019

Making use of Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming the necessity of today’s life. The data collected and stored through IoT devices comes from the cloud and therefore cloud computing is acting as a backbone for supporting IoT. But it is easy to forget that the cloud is not completely digital in some areas of the world and there is a need for a data centre where data storage can be achieved. Cloud data centres are facing many difficulties and issues because they are using traditional methods of networking. This is where Software Defined Networking (SDN) has come into view; where it has changed the way traditional networks are operated. For example, the separation of the intelligence of the network devices within the data path can be useful in making networks agile and manageable. This paper aims to provide problem areas in the networking used by the cloud data centres and the role of SDN to overcome these issues. Platforms for providing the experimental setup for collaboration between SDN and cloud will ultimately be beneficial in setting up the SDN- enabled IoT cloud, and this is also discussed with the open research problems.

ABSTRAK: Penggunaan Internet Benda (IoT) menjadi keperluan kepada kehendak hari ini. Data yang dikumpul dan disimpan melalui peranti IoT berasal dari awan dan oleh itu pengkomputeran awan bertindak sebagai tulang belakang bagi menyokong IoT. Tetapi, satu perkara yang dilupakan adalah bahawa awan itu tidak sepenuhnya digital, di suatu tempat dalam dunia ini, terdapat keperluan pada pusat data di mana penyimpanan data boleh dicapai. Pusat data awan menghadapi banyak masalah dan isu kerana ianya menggunakan kaedah rangkaian tradisional. Di sinilah Perisian Definisi Perangkaian  (SDN) dipandang; ia telah mengubah cara rangkaian tradisional dikendalikan. Sebagai contoh, pemisahan kecerdasan peranti rangkaian dengan laluan data berguna bagi membuat rangkaian pintar dan boleh diurus. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi menyediakan ruang masalah dalam rangkaian yang digunakan oleh pusat Data Awan dan peranan SDN dalam mengatasi masalah ini. Platform persediaan eksperimen bagi kerjasama SDN dan awan akhirnya bermanfaat dalam menubuhkan pengaktifan-SDN awan IOT, juga turut dibincangkan dalam kajian ini berkenaan masalah penyelidikan terbuka.
Design And Implementation of Two-Phase Interleaved Voltage Source Inverter For PV Applications
Authors: SRIDHARAN HARIKA , Ramalingam Seyezhai
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT:The design of a voltage source inverter is challenging for PV-grid connected systems due to power quality issues. To improve the power quality,a two-phase interleaved voltage source inverter (IVSI) is proposed in this paper. IVSI phase shifts two voltage source inerters connected in parallel. The inverter topology is interfaced with a 40W PV panel employing a multiple maxima search (MMS) MPPT algorithm. This algorithm results in higher tracking efficiency compared to existing methods. Modelling of the PV with MPPT and the circuit configuration of the interleaved inverter is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The switches in the IVSI is controlled by employing a unipolar PWM technique. The performance of the IVSI is investigated in terms of weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHD), distortion factor (DF), harmonic spread factor (HSF), and inductor current ripple and compared with classical VSI. From the analysis, it is inferred that the proposed inverter results in reduced total harmonic distortion(THD) and decreased inductor current ripple thereby producing a high-quality output. The hardware model of the two-phase IVSI is developed and interfaced with PV where gating pulses are generated in FPGA. The simulation results are validated experimentally.

ABSTRAK: Rekaan pembalik sumber voltan adalah mencabar pada sistem gabungan grid-PV disebabkan isu kualiti tenaga. Bagi memperbaharui kualiti tenaga, pembalik sumber voltan antara lembar dua-fasa (IVSI) telah dicadangkan dalam kajian ini. Anjakan fasa IVSI pembalik sumber voltan dua-fasa telah dihubungkan secara selari. Topologi pembalik telah diantaramukakan dengan 40W panel PV dengan mengunakan carian maksima berganda (MMS) algoritma MPPT. Hasil algoritma menunjukkan lebih tinggi keberkesanan dibandingkan dengan kaedah sedia ada. PV model dengan MPPT dan konfigurasi litar pembalik antaramuka telah disimulasi menggunakan MATLAB/SIMULINK. Suis dalam IVSI dikawal dengan menggunakan teknik PWM unipolar. Dapatan kajian ke atas IVSI adalah berdasarkan berat pengherotan total harmoni (WTHD), faktor pengherotan (DF), faktor sebaran harmoni (HSF), getaran arus pembalik dan dibandingkan dengan kaedah klasik VSI. Analisis menunjukkan kesimpulan dapatan kajian ke atas pembalik yang dicadangkan telah berkurang jumlah pengherotan harmoni (THD) dan getaran arus pembalik telah berkurang, oleh itu menghasilkan hasil akhir yang berkualiti tinggi. Model perkakasan IVSI dua-fasa telah dibangunkan dan diantaramukakan dengan PV di mana signal pengegetan dihasilkan dalam FPGA. Dapatan hasil simulasi telah disahkan secara eksperimen.
Radioactivity Levels in Soil And Drinking Water Samples Collected from Andon Region (Rize Province, Turkey)
Authors: UZUN DURAN Selcen , KÜÇÜKÖMEROĞLU Belgin , ÇİRİŞ Ali , ÇELİK Necati
Published: December 2019

In the present study, radionuclide and radon concentrations were measured in drinking water samples collected in Andon springs and Rize Andon Drinking Water Treatment Facility located at Rize province in Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey and radionuclide concentrations were measured in soil samples collected in the same regions. Radionuclide activity concentrations in soil and drinking water samples were measured with gamma ray spectrometry, and 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137C activity concentrations were determined. Annual effective dose equivalents were calculated based on the measured results. Radon concentration measurements for the drinking water samples collected in the region were conducted with a radon gas analyzer (Alpha Guard PQ 2000PRQ). All measured radon gas levels and radionuclide values were found to be among the limit values recommended by international organizations.
Utility of Mitral Leaflet Separation Index (Mlsi) For Assesing Severity of Mitral Stenosis Before and After Percutaneous Trnansmitral Commisurotomy(Ptmc)
Authors: Iqbal Farhin , Dutta Bornali , Iqbal Farhin , Singha Sinam Inaoton
Published: December 2019

Background: A novel index called the mitral leaflet separation index (MLS index) has shown to be useful
in assessing the severity of Mitral Stenosis (MS). However, studies on use of MLS index in assessing
severity of mitral stenosis in post PTMC setting is limited
Aims: To study correlation of MLSI with severity of mitral stenosis by various method on echocardiography
and catheterization in both pre PTMC and post PTMC setting.
Methods: Consecutive patients of all ages and both sexes with moderate to severe rheumatic mitral stenosis
who underwent successful PTMC from January 2014 to December 2015 were included in the study. The
mitral valve area (MVA) was estimated by the standard 2D echo planimetry and pressure halftime methods.
The MLS index was estimated by measuring the maximal separation of tip of the mitral leaflets in end
diastole in parasternal long axis (PLAX) view and in apical 4-chamber view (A4C). The MS severity was
also assessed by calculating the MVA using Gorlin’s Formula during cardiac catheterization study.
Correlation between MLSI and hemodynamic severity of MS by conventional echocardiography and
catheterization was studied.
Results: 50 patients with moderate or severe mitral stenosis and valve morphology favourable for PTMC
were included in the study. The male-to female ratio is 1: 2.33. The mean age of the patients was 30.64 +
10.62 years. Pre-PTMC, the mean MVA by PHT method was 0.749 + 0.12 cm2 while the mean MVA by
2D method was 0.77 + 0.23cm2
. The mean MV pressure gradient was 14.93 + 1.93mmHg and the mean
MLSI was 6.606 + 1.5 mm. Mean MVA (Gorlin) was 0.735 + 0.1 cm2
. MLS index correlated well with
MVA by planimetry method both in pre-PTMC (r = 0.635; p = <0.0001) and post-PTMC patients (r = 0.49;
p = 0.0004) and overall correlation was r = 0.92 with p < 0.0001
PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CARPATHIAN VALEOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEM
Authors: Odrekhivsky M. V. , Pshуk-Kovalska O. O.
Published: December 2019

The peculiarities of construction of the International Carpathian Valeological Innovation System at different levels of its organization were investigated. The expediency of creating territorial production associations is substantiated. The essence of the category of valeological innovation system is covered as a set of interconnected organizations (enterprises) engaged in production and commercialization of valeological innovative products within the boundaries of recreational zones, which may cover the territories of several or one country. The infrastructural components of the valeological innovation system are distinguished, which include recreation parks, recropolises and resorts, recreational business incubators and valeological innovation centers, as well as legal, financial and social institutions providing and maintaining valeological innovation processes.The organizational model of the valeological innovation enterprise is developed. In order to increase the efficiency of the Valeological Innovation Enterprise, the systems of its management were analysed based on the use of systematic, synergistic, homeostatic and intellectual approaches.It has been found that the management object (valeological innovation process) and the management bodies that are part of the valeological innovation enterprise structure are characterized by unlimited development.The feasibility of modelling the International Carpathian Valeological Innovation System by network model is substantiated. This model was formed in the form of a cluster, territorial-hierarchical model as one of the varieties of network models, which can be components of the Carpathian valeological innovation systems of the Carpathian Euroregion countries.
Review of Surface Runoff in Flood Risk Areas of Makassar Citythrough Modified Rational Methods
Authors: Subhan Andi Muhammad , Faisal Zulvyah , Musa Ratna
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research was to determine the surface runoff and the puddle Â in the of flood risk area in Manggala village. Modified Rational Method had been applied to determine runoff discharge. While, flood risk areas were based on the map from National Disaster Management (BPBD Kota Makassar, 2014). Rainfall data of Manggala village wascollected from 2009 to 2018 from three stations, they areBiringRomang, Panakukkang, and TamangapaKassi. Therefore,Â  a Thiessen method had been applied to determine the rainfall area.Research results shown that runoff discharge for return period 5 years was185.38 m3/s, with height around 0,50 to 2,00 m.
Water-insoluble fractions of botanical foods lower blood ethanol levels in rats by physically maintaining the ethanol solution after ethanol administration
Authors: Oshima Shunji , Shiiya Sachie , Kanda Tomomasa
Published: December 2019

Background: Several studies have analyzed the functions of foods and dietary constituents in the dynamics of alcohol metabolism. However, few studies have reported the function of dietary fibers in the dynamics of alcohol metabolism.Objective: We assessed the effects of botanical foods that contain dietary fibers on alcohol metabolism.Methods: The ability of the water-insoluble fraction (WIF) of 18 kinds of botanical foods to maintain 15% (v/v) ethanol solution was examined using easily handled filtration. A simple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between the filtered volumes and blood ethanol concentration (BEC) in F344 rats 4 h after the ingestion of 4.0 g/kg of ethanol following dosage of 2.5% (w/v) WIF of the experimental botanical foods. Furthermore, the supernatant (6.3 Brix; water-soluble fraction) and precipitate (WIF of tomato), with a strong ethanol-maintaining ability, were obtained and BEC and the residual gastric ethanol in rats were determined 2 h after the administration of 4.0 g/kg of ethanol and the individuals fractions.Results: The filtered volumes of dropped ethanol solutions containing all the botanical foods tested except green peas were decreased compared with the ethanol solution without WIF (control). There was a significant correlation between the filtered volumes and blood ethanol concentration (BEC). There was no significant difference in the residual gastric ethanol between controls and the supernatant group; however, it was increased significantly in the WIF group than in controls or the supernatant group. Consistent with this, BEC reached a similar level in controls and the supernatant group but significantly decreased in the WIF group compared with controls or the supernatant group.Conclusions: These findings suggest that WIFs of botanical foods, which are mostly water-insoluble dietary fibers, possess the ability to absorb ethanol-containing solutions, and this ability correlates strongly with the inhibition of the blood ethanol response, likely by delaying gastric emptying.Key words: Botanical food, tomato, water-insoluble fraction, dietary fiber, blood ethanol concentration
Alterations in drug metabolizing activities in acute hepatosteatosis induced by intake of a high-carbohydrate/fat-free diet after food deprivation
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Ahn Chul Won , Lee Jung Ah , Park Jae Hak , Kim Young C.
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT  Background: Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes constitutes a major component in the pathogenesis of chronic liver injury. However, the impact of lipid deposition in liver on drug metabolizing capacity remains unclear. Purpose of the study: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes in acute hepatosteatosis.Methods: Rats were fasted for 48 h, and then provided with a high-carbohydrate/fat-free diet (FH) or a normal diet (FN) for 48 h.Results: Hepatic lipid accumulation was significant in the FH group. In the FN group there was a small increase in microsomal p-nitrophenol hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, and erythromycin N-demethylase activities, but aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was decreased markedly. However, the microsomal enzyme activities were all inhibited by FH intake. Immunoblotting analysis showed that CYP2E1, CYP1A, CYP3A, and CYP2B1/2 proteins were decreased in the FH group. Expression of corresponding CYP mRNAs was also down-regulated. A dose of CCl4, a CYP2E1 substrate,was administered to the rats fed the different diets. The liver injury was significantly lower in the FH group as determined by elevation of serum enzyme activities and histopathological examination.Conclusions: The results show that acute hepatosteatosis may result in a significant alteration in hepatic CYP-mediated metabolizing capacity, which can precipitate erratic responses of liver to various endogenous and exogenous substances.Key words: hepatosteatosis, cytochrome P450, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug metabolizing capacity
A comparative study: long and short term effect of a nutrition sensitive approach to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria
Authors: Amlogu Abraham Mainaji , Tewfik Sundus , Wambebe Charles , Tewfik Ihab
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Malnutrition has a negative impact on optimal immune function, thus increasing susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among HIV positive patients. Evidence indicates that the prevalence of macro and micronutrient deficiencies (particularly magnesium, selenium, zinc, and vitamin C) has a negative impact on optimal immune function, through the progressive depletion of CD4 T-lymphocyte cells, which thereby increases susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among PLWH. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition sensitive intervention to delay the progression of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) to AIDS among people living with HIV in Abuja, Nigeria.Methods: A randomised control trial was carried out on 400 PLWH (adult, male and female of different religious background) in Abuja, Nigeria between January and December, 2012. Out of these 400 participants, 100 were randomly selected for the six months pilot study (January to June, 2012). The participants in the pilot study overlapped to form part of the scale-up participants (n 400) monitored from June to December, 2012. The comparative effect of daily consumed 354.92 kcal/d optimised meal for six and twelve months was ascertained through the nutritional status and biochemical indices of the study participants (n 100 pilot and n 400 scale-up interventions) who were/were not taking the intervention meal. The meal consisted of: Glycine max 50g; Pennisetum americanum 20g; Moringa oleifera 15g; Daucus carota spp.sativa 15g.Results: At the end of six months of the scale-up intervention, mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 6.31% and 12.12% respectively. Mean mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.72% and 2.52% within the same period (n 400). Comparatively, participants who overlapped from pilot to scale-up intervention (Long term use, n 100) were assessed for 12 months. Mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.21% and 12.14%. Mean MUAC for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.08% and 3.95% respectively. Moreover, Student’s t-test analysis suggests a strong association between the intervention meal,  MUAC and CD4 count on long term use of optimised meal in the group of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although the achieved results take the form of specific technology, it suggests that a prolong consumption of the intervention meal will be suitable to sustain the gained improvements in the anthropometric and biochemical indices of PLWHIV in Nigeria. Keywords: HIV; AIDS; Nutrition-sensitive approach; CD4 cell count; Macro and Micronutrients; ART; Tailored Functional Recipe - TFR.
Allometric scaling: Theory and Applications
Authors: Rucker Robert B.
Published: December 2019

Background: The history and bases for selectedallometric energy relationships are reviewed in this article, specifically those related to quarter-power scaling as described by M. Kleiber, i.e. interspecies metabolic rates scaleas a function of mass to the three-quarters power (metabolic body size). Interspecies requirements for essential factors are also noted (e.g., vitamins and minerals).  A case is made thatinterspecies vitamin and mineral requirements are similar when expressed per unit of metabolizable energy consumed or metabolic body size.  Furthermore, it is emphasized that: 1) these relationships may be applied broadly and allow for the scaling of energy-related and nutrient needs in animals as small as screws to as large as elephants, and 2) application of appropriate allometric scaling methods to nutritional questions allows one to make stronger inferences when extrapolating results derived from experimental animal models to humans.Key words: Nutrient requirements, basal metabolism, metabolic body size, allometric scaling