bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical evolution of municipal water in a natural hydrologic system and implications for urban watershed resilience
Authors: Manlove Hunter , Banner Jay L.
Published: December 2024

Austin, Texas is among the most rapidly urbanizing regions in the U.S., posing challenges to the resilience of its water resources. Geochemical differences between stream water from relatively pristine (rural) and impacted (urban) watersheds indicate several distinct controls on stream water compositions, including extent of urbanization, extent of failure of the city’s municipal water infrastructure, and differences in bedrock composition and permeability. We focus here on the largely unstudied evolution of municipal water once it leaves the infrastructure and enters the natural hydrologic system as groundwater and/or surface water. We use the distinct Sr isotope values (87Sr/86Sr) and other compositional differences between municipal waters, natural stream and spring water, limestone bedrock, and soils as tracers of the sources of and processes by which four Austin-area streams and springs acquire their dissolved constituents. These processes include 1) fluid-mixing between municipal and natural surface water and groundwater, 2) multiple mineral-solution reactions, including dissolution and water-rock interaction (WRI) processes of precipitation, incongruent dissolution, and recrystallization, and 3) varying groundwater residence times. Stream water in two urbanized watersheds have high 87Sr/86Sr values and ion compositions close to values for municipal water, whereas stream and spring water in two rural watersheds have compositions close to natural stream water. Urbanized stream water compositions can be accounted for by models of municipal water contributions followed by dissolution of bedrock minerals. By contrast, rural stream water compositions are consistent with a model sequence of dissolution followed by extensive WRI with limestone. The results of this study indicate significant contributions to streams from the municipal infrastructure. We find that the evolution of this municipal water in the natural hydrologic system comprises multiple fluid-mixing processes and mineral-solution reactions, which are influenced by differences in bedrock geology. This composite evolution advances our understanding of the complexities of “Urban Stream Syndrome”.
Advanced Synthetic Strategies for Progesterone: Combining trans-Hydrogenation and Rupe’s Rearrangement of 4-Androstenedione for Enhanced Yield
Authors: Kumar Sharavan , Praveen B.M. , Sudhakara Aralihalli
Published: December 2024

Progesterone, a steroid hormone, plays an important role in the human body, especially in the reproductive system. A unique, minimal, cost-effective and high yielding organic synthesis protocol for the synthesis of progesterone has been established. The proposed economical route utilizes low-cost and easily available hormone intermediate 4-androstenedione and acetylene gas, offering unique pathway to synthesize progesterone, which can be further scaled to the commercial level. The process starts with the synthesis of a propargylic alcohol intermediate from 4-androstenedione, yielding 93% through an improved procedure. Subsequently, this intermediate undergoes Rupe’s rearrangement, catalyzed by copper over an alumina catalyst, to form an enyne intermediate, which is then rehydrated to produce an enone with a 77% yield. The final step involves the selective reduction of an olefin bond via palladium-catalyzed trans-hydrogenation reaction, resulting in progesterone with a 75% yield. The final product is of pharmaceutical-grade purity as confirmed by HPLC analysis.
A New 2-[2-(Diphenylphosphino)ethyl]pyridine-Ruthenium(II) Complex as an Efficient Pre-catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohol at Room Temperature in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Boruah Devajani
Published: December 2024

A ruthenium(II) complex [RuCl2{η2-(P,N)PPh2Etpy}(PPh3)2] (1) was synthesized by reacting RuCl2(PPh3)3 with ligand 2-[2-(diphenyl-phosphino)ethyl]pyridine (PPh2Etpy) in 1:1 molar ratio in dichloromethane under refluxing condition. The complex was characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H and 31P{1H} NMR, ESI(+) mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, conductivity measurement, TGA-DTG and cyclic voltammetry. Complex 1 was found to exhibit good catalytic activity towards the oxidation of aromatic alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds with H2O2/NaOCl as an oxidant in water. The maximum conversion of 89% can be achieved under mild reaction conditions.
Study of Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activity of Juniperus sabina L. Grown in Mongolia
Authors: Byamba Yumchinsuren , Tsagaanbaatar Nyamdemberel , Burenjargal Munkhjargal , Nyamdemberel Nomindari , Dashzeveg Uranzaya , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa
Published: December 2024

In traditional Mongolian medicine, J. sabina L. fruits and leaves are used as medicinal raw materials to treat kidney, joint and respiratory diseases. The present study considers the phytochemical investigation of the plant. TLC test results identified gallic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, umbelliferone and 1,8-cineole in J. sabina L. Quantitative determination by UV spectrophotometry showed the content of polyphenolic compounds to be 127-195 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids 46-59.1 mg QE/g and total coumarins 14.8-20.5 mg UE/g. Plant antioxidant activity was assessed using the free radical reduction DPPH test and the 50% inhibitory concentration was determined at a 200 µg/mL concentration, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of J. sabina L. exhibited free radical scavenging activity of 83.15% ± 1.85 and 46.14% ± 1.08, respectively. The 50% free radical inhibition concentration values were 112.8 ± 1.99 µg/mL and 195.2 ± 1.57 µg/mL, both less than 200 µg/mL, indicating antioxidant activity.
Synthesis of Superabsorbent Polymers via Itaconic Acid Graft Copolymerization onto Acacia Gum Polysaccharide for Improved Material Performance
Authors: Sharma Anju , Sapna  , Paul Sharon Jyotika , Chandra Prakash , Yadav Mithilesh , Mishra Vivek , Sand Arpit
Published: December 2024

In this study, novel superabsorbent polymer composites based on natural acacia gum (AG) were synthesized via graft copolymerization of itaconic acid (IA) in the presence of inorganic kaolin powder. The polymerization was initiated by ammonium persulfate (APS) and crosslinked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (N-MBA). Key variables influencing the polymerization process, including the concentrations of KPS, IA, N-MBA and the AG/kaolin weight ratio, were systematically studied to optimize water swelling capacity. The structural characterization of the synthesized composites was performed using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis. The FTIR spectrum revealed a new absorption band at 1671 cm–1, confirming the successful integration of kaolin powder and the formation of inorganic-organic polymer linkages. Additionally, the degree of neutralization was examined, along with the evaluation of critical parameters such as free absorbency capacity, absorbency under load of 16.9 g/g and centrifuge retention capacity of 55.1 g/g. The results demonstrate the potential of these superabsorbent polymer composites for various applications due to their enhanced water absorption properties.
Enhancing Collaborative Communication Strategies with Members of The Regional Representatives Council (DPRD) in Yogyakarta
Authors: Azzaenuri Luthfi Afif , Rochayanti Christina Rochayanti , Suparno Basuki Agus
Published: December 2024

This research aims to find a model of governance for collaborative communication between members of the secretariat and members of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Yogyakarta Special Territory (DIY) in the implementation of legislative functions. The methods used are phenomenological methods with qualitative-descriptive research techniques. The research data are obtained from in-depth interviews, face-to-face interviews, the DIY regulatory manuscripts of the DPRD, and meetings relating to rigidity, Propemperda 2020, public hearings, and especially Tree of Mind 2024. These data were analyzed using four theories, namely, the relationship communication theory, the face negotiation theory, the boundary management theory, and the collaborative governance theory. The study obtained the results of 13 models of communication governance in five categories as well as a general model of collaborative communication. In the first category, the communication relationship between board members, fractional staff, and staff members of the secretariat department, four models were found. In the second category, that is, communication relations between council members and staff of the fraction, two models were discovered. The conclusion of this research is that the 13th model of communication governance is a portrait of a phenomenon that needs to be improved in the DIY DPRD environment so that the selection of a common model of collaborative communications governance can support the communication relations of the secretariat and the members of the DIY DPRD in carrying out legislative functions
Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Model Petroleum Products using Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride based on Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Maaroof Yousif T. , Qader Idrees B. , Ismail Hani K. , Hamad Hardi Q. , Taher Sardasht R.
Published: December 2024

This research demonstrates that deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can eliminate sulfur compounds, which are corrosive and carcinogenic species, from model petroleum products through liquid-liquid extraction. Several monoprotic acids, including formic acid and acetic acid, are used to make DESs, along with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor. These DESs are used for the first time to remove sulfur compounds (thiophene and dibenzothiophene) from an alkane as a model hydrocarbon (n-octane), which is used instead of crude oil as the latter contains a variety of species, including nitrogen compounds, hydrocarbons, and oxygen. The optimal parameters for the removal of sulfur are discussed, including the extraction temperature, reaction time, and mass ratio of DES to the model hydrocarbon, whilst the regeneration of DESs is also considered. H2O2 and iron oxide (Fe3O4) are also used as nanoparticle (NP) catalysts to enhance the sulfur removal process. Several characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and transmission electron microscopy, are used to determine the structural characteristics of the Fe3O4 NPs. The results show that acetic acid, as a monoprotic acid-based DES, is able to remove more than 86% of the sulfur molecules from model petroleum products when the mass ratio of DES to model petroleum products is 2:1, at 30°C and within 60 min. This research provides an important opportunity to advance our understanding of the role of DESs in removing carcinogenic and corrosive particles in industrial processes.
Demonstration Method Better Increased Knowledge, Attitude, and Skills on Hand Washing With Soap in Elementary School Students
Authors: Polly Junitry Yublina , Nayoan Christina R , Limbu Ribka , Marni Marni
Published: December 2024

Background: Every year, about 100,000 children in Indonesia die from diarrhea. In 2021, diarrhea cases in Taurus Health Center, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara working area occurred more in elementary school children. Hand washing with soap (HWS) reduced diarrhea rates by 47%. This study aimed to analyze the different effect between lecture and demonstration methods on knowledge, attitudes and skills on hand washing with soap in GMIT Manumuti Elementary School students.Method: This quasi-experimental study was done in “pretest-posttest group design”. The subjects were all of 68 students in grade 5 (total sampling technique), who were evenly and randomly divided into 2 groups of lecture and demonstration. Data were collected through observations and interviews using structured questionnaires and were analyzed by paired and independent sample t-tests.Results: The subjects were 10-12 years old and 58.5% were boys. The mean knowledge scores increased from 52.2±8.89 to 75.1±7.17 (p=0.001) in the lecture group and from 62.5±8.89 to 86.9±7.17 (p=0.001).in the demonstration group, respectively. The mean attitude scores increased from 57.9±10.52.to 70.1±5.46 (p=0.001) in the lecture group and from 67.1 ±10.11 to 82.8±8.78 (p=0.001) in the demonstration group, respectively. The mean skill scores increased from 53.3±13.38 to 68.94±7.80 (p=0.001) in the lecture and from 60.76±17.11 to 82.7±10.33 (p=0.001) in the demonstration group. The mean knowledge, attitude and skills’ scores in the demonstration group after the intervention were all higher (p<0.05) than the control group.Conclusion: Demonstration method increased knowledge, attitude and skills on hand washing with soap better than the lecture method in elementary school students at GMIT Manumuti Elementary School.
Evaluation of Active Protection Systems for Fire Extinguisher at Locomotive Depot
Authors: Putri Kholfana Bintan Maula Aditya , Limanda Evelyne Martha , Fahmi Muhammad Alif Indra , Syamila Ana Islamiyah , Prana Yoka Bismayuda
Published: December 2024

Abstract Introduction: A fire is an accident that can occur in the railroad industry. Locomotive depots have various work processes and fuels that can cause medium-II fires. An active protection system using fire extinguishers is one of the preventive efforts that can be performed along with evaluation. However, fire extinguisher evaluations based on the regulatory standard have never been performed in the Locomotive Depot of Daop 9. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of a Fire Extinguisher at PT KAI Daop 9 Jember Locomotive Depot with Permenakertrans No. 4 of 1980.Methods: This study was an evaluation research. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews to the Locomotive Depot Facility Supervisor, observations using a checklist sheet, and measurements. Data were analyzed using the univariate method and are presented using tables and narratives.Results: The Locomotive Depot had several hazards from welding, locomotive electrical systems, fuel, and cigarette butts. A fire prevention program consists of providing a fire protection system, training, reporting, and forming an emergency response team. The locomotive depot had 13 powder fire extinguishers weighing 3.5-12 kg. The suitability of fire extinguisher installation and maintenance is sufficient category with 66.7% for installation and 74.3% for maintenance.Conclusion: The Daop 9 Jember Locomotive Depot has several fire hazard risks and prevention programs. The suitability of the installation and maintenance of fire extinguishers was in a sufficient category. It is necessary to optimize fire prevention programmes through the cooperation of various parties to enforce applicable regulations.
Synthesis and characterization of groundnut shell carbon nanosheets for treating greywater: A step towards a circular economy
Authors: Chidambaram P P , Ramalingam K , Rakesh S S , Raja K , Ramesh P T , Prabakaran C , Teja M
Published: December 2024

Carbon nanostructured materials, such as nanosheets, can be synthetically produced from various natural waste sources through carbonization and activation. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a well-known agent for creating porous structures and refining the micro or nanostructure of carbon. This study explores the effect of KOH, in both its solute and solid forms, on the production of carbon from groundnut shells. Using KOH activation and thermal treatment, carbon nanosheets were synthesized from groundnut shells. The surface microstructure and individual carbon nanosheets showed significant changes when treated with solute KOH compared to solid KOH. This highlights that treatment with solute KOH is an efficient and cost-effective method for carbon nanosheet production. A column study revealed that using groundnut shell carbon nanosheets (GSCNS) to treat sewage wastewater resulted in a reduction in BOD from 393 mg L-1 to 112.23 mg L-1 (71.5%) and COD from 512.70 mg L-1 to 125 mg L-1 (75.6%). Additionally, GSCN treatment led to a 40-60% reduction in the cations and anions in sewage wastewater. This study emphasizes the effective utilization of groundnut shell-derived carbon nanosheets as an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for wastewater treatment, addressing the environmental challenges of untreated sewage discharge in underdeveloped and developing regions.
An extensive investigation of combined freeze-drying technologies for fruit conservation
Authors: Rajashree V , Vijay S K S , Muthuvel I , Kavitha S G G , Bharathi A , Senthil Kumar M , Rajiv P
Published: December 2024

Drying is one of the oldest methods for preserving perishable foods, and protecting fruits from microbial degradation, thereby extending shelf life. However, the bland taste and hard texture affect the marketability. This has led to the development of novel drying technologies in which, freeze-drying is one such non-thermal dehydration technique that offers benefits such as maintaining structure, texture, colour, rehydration rate, and nutritional quality. Freeze-drying operates below the triple point, using temperature and pressure to remove water via vapour concentration gradients, carefully balancing critical and eutectic temperatures to preserve the structure and prevent shrinkage. Despite these advantages, freeze-drying has notable drawbacks, including high processing time, production costs, and energy consumption making the technique less feasible. Several combination drying techniques have been implemented as pre- and post-treatments to address these issues, resulting in lower power consumption, cost efficiency, and good quality retention. Techniques such as infrared, microwave, ultrasound, and pulsed electric fields have been applied as pre-treatments or to support conventional freeze-drying processes. When combined with other techniques, freeze-drying can achieve greater energy, time, and cost savings. The review presents comparative studies highlighting these benefits and discusses how these techniques can align with sustainable food processing strategies by significantly reducing energy requirements.
Unraveling the nexus of organic agriculture and soil health: A review
Authors: Laila C , Sheeba S , Sabarinathan K G , Amutha R , Prema P , Sujatha P , Prabhaharan J , Saravanapandian P
Published: December 2024

Organic agriculture is a significant alternative to conventional farming, emphasizing sustainability and soil health. This review explores the intricate relationship between organic agriculture and soil health. Beginning with an introduction to organic agriculture's core principles and objectives, it delves into various practices employed within this system, such as soil and crop management, crop rotation, residue management, and organic manure and biofertilizers. The article examines soil health, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological indicators crucial for evaluating soil quality. It scrutinizes the impact of organic agriculture on soil health across these indicators, highlighting its positive effects on physical structure, chemical composition, and biological diversity. However, challenges and limitations persist, including the availability of organic inputs and managing pests and diseases. Successful organic cropping systems prioritizing soil health are analyzed, underscoring the importance of integrated approaches. In conclusion, the review underscores the pivotal role of organic agriculture in fostering soil health and advocates for further research and adoption of sustainable practices to address existing challenges and promote resilient agricultural systems.
Insecticidal activity and phytochemical profiling of Annona squamosa (L.) leaf extract against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)
Authors: Durga B , Srinivasan T , Elaiyabharathi T , Shanmugam S P , Vellaikumar S , Prakash K
Published: December 2024

To identify an effective botanical extract for pest control, six locally available plant species were screened for their toxic effects against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) larvae. These species included Annona squamosa (L.), Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton, Carica papaya (L.), Datura metel (L.), Ricinus communis (L.) and Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton. Among these, A. squamosa demonstrated the highest larval mortality at both 5% and 10% concentrations. Based on these promising results, subsequent bioassays were conducted using a range of concentrations (4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16%) of A. squamosa to evaluate its larvicidal, antifeedant and ovicidal activities. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for second instar larvae, observed 72 hours after treatment (HAT), was determined to be 8.65% (w/v). The antifeedant assay revealed a dose-dependent response, with 99.38% antifeedancy at the highest concentration tested (16%). Moreover, A. squamosa exhibited 100% ovicidal activity across all concentrations. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the extract identified 39 compounds, with 16-hentriacontanone, neophytadiene, caryophyllene and phytol showing the most significant peak areas. These findings suggest that A. squamosa leaf extract possesses substantial larvicidal, antifeedant and ovicidal properties against S. frugiperda, highlighting its potential as an eco-friendly, non-toxic alternative to synthetic insecticides. This botanical extract may offer valuable contributions to integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Critical pedagogy and gender norms: insights from Moroccan educational settings
Authors: Bendraou Rachid , Sakale Sana
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the use of critical pedagogy in Moroccan educational settings to challenge persistent gender norms and power dynamics. The thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with educators indicates critical pedagogy's impact on gender role perceptions and practices. The findings show how critical pedagogy encourages critical consciousness and challenges old conventions, promoting gender equity in the classrooms. Teachers’ viewpoints illustrate both the problems and accomplishments of implementing critical pedagogy, emphasizing its ability to foster inclusive learning environments. This study provides insight into critical pedagogy’s transformative impact on instructors’ practices and students’ involvement with gender dynamics in Morocco. By explaining these educational practices, the study highlights critical pedagogy as a catalyst for achieving social justice in Moroccan schools, emphasizing the importance of pedagogical techniques that support equitable learning and question cultural norms.
Risk Factors Associated with Premature Births in Erbil City: A Case-Control Study
Authors:   Ranya General Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq., Rasul Kurdistan , Hasan Shukir ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University and Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Published: December 2024

Background: Premature birth is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity among newborn babies. There are many factors that induce prematurity. This study aims to investigate the common risk factors associated with premature births in Erbil City.
Methods: Quantitative design, descriptive-analytic analysis and a retrospective study were used. The study was conducted at Raparin Teaching Hospital for Children (RTHC) in Erbil city from September 1st, 2021 to September 1st, 2022. To engage in the study, non-probability purposive sample of 510 mother-newborn pairs admitted to a premature intensive care unit (255 as case group, 255 as a control group) was taken. The statistical analysis program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 was used to analyze the data.
Results: The study reveals that the educational level, economic status, Body Mass Index of the mother and types of delivery have a highly significant association with the moth-er’s socio-demographic characteristics at a p-value of 0.008, < 0.001, 0.019 and < 0.001respectively. The study found a highly differences between: risk factors during pregnancy among study and control groups, including gestational hypertension, gesta-tional diabetes mellitus, Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs), anemia, vaginal bleeding, preterm premature rupture of membranes, thyroid disease, psychological problems, infection with covid-19, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios, at p-value of < 0.001 respectively.
Conclusion: The study concluded that gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, thyroid diseases, psychological problems, COVID-19, Premature rapture of the mem-brane, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios are the main factors behind premature births in Erbil city.
Perineuronal Nets on CA2 Pyramidal Cells and Parvalbumin-Expressing Cells Differentially Regulate Hippocampal-Dependent Memory
Authors: Alexander Georgia M. , Nikolova Viktoriya D. , Stöber Tristan M. , Gruzdev Artiom , Moy Sheryl S. , Dudek Serena M.
Published: December 2024

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds certain populations of neurons, including (inhibitory) parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons throughout the brain and (excitatory) CA2 pyramidal neurons in hippocampus. PNNs are thought to regulate synaptic plasticity by stabilizing synapses and as such, could regulate learning and memory. Most often, PNN functions are queried using enzymatic degradation with chondroitinase, but that approach does not differentiate PNNs on CA2 neurons from those on adjacent PV cells. To disentangle the specific roles of PNNs on CA2 pyramidal cells and PV neurons in behavior, we generated conditional knock-out mouse strains with the primary protein component of PNNs, aggrecan (Acan), deleted from either CA2 pyramidal cells (Amigo2AcanKO) or from PV cells (PVAcanKO). Male and female animals of each strain were tested for social, fear, and spatial memory, as well as for reversal learning. We found that Amigo2AcanKO animals, but not PVAcanKO animals, had impaired social memory and reversal learning. PVAcanKOs, but not Amigo2AcanKOs, had impaired contextual fear memory. These findings demonstrate independent roles for PNNs on each cell type in regulating hippocampal-dependent memory. We further investigated a potential mechanism of impaired social memory in the Amigo2AcanKO animals and found reduced input to CA2 from the supramammillary nucleus (SuM), which signals social novelty. Additionally, Amigo2AcanKOs lacked a social novelty-related local field potential response, suggesting that CA2 PNNs may coordinate functional SuM connections and associated physiological responses to social novelty.
Growth and maturation of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) at the northern limit of their distribution range (Lake Melville, Labrador): Support for the hypothesized temperature-size rule
Authors: Sutton Jordan , Côté David , Small Tiffany , Enterline Claire , Chase Bradford C. , Clément Marie , McCarthy James , Sirois Pascal , Geoffroy Maxime
Published: December 2024

Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), a small pelagic fish found throughout the northwest Atlantic Ocean, experienced a northward retreat of its distribution range over the 20th century and an overall decline in biomass in recent decades, both attributed to warming waters and habitat loss. In the Lake Melville estuary (Labrador, Canada), at the northern limit of its distribution range, smelt represents the main forage species and faces environmental changes from both climate warming and hydroelectric dams. This study aims to improve our understanding of the ecology of rainbow smelt and its vulnerability to climate and anthropogenic changes. We investigated hatching period, growth, and maturation of rainbow smelt in the Lake Melville estuary using trawl surveys and otolithometry. Growth and maturity from rainbow smelt in Lake Melville were then compared to southern populations to test the temperature-size rule, which stipulates slower growth and larger length-at-age of maturity at colder temperatures. In accordance with this rule, adult rainbow smelt in Lake Melville grew slower, matured up to 2 years later, and lived up to 3 years longer compared to southern populations. In contrast to it, larval growth rate was up to 3 times faster than values reported for a more southern population. Our results demonstrate that rainbow smelt in Lake Melville are well adapted to the short growth season and cold water temperatures prevailing at sub-arctic latitudes. Yet, if variation in life history across their range is a plastic response to thermal gradients, populations at their northern limits could benefit from a longer and warmer growth season.
Investigation Non-economics Factors to The Tax Compliance of Village Treasurer in Kulon Progo District
Authors: Piastini Gunaasih Sang Ayu Putu , Ningsih Maria Pipit Setia
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of religiosity, mastery of information technology, and understanding of tax knowledge on the compliance of taxpayers in Kulon Progo district, DIY. Taxpayer compliance was about reporting and withholding when reporting taxes.
Method: Three hypotheses were developed and then tested using the multiple linear regression method. The method used for data collection is the survey method. Questionnaires were distributed online using the Google Form application to 87 village treasurer taxpayer spread across 87 villages in the Kulon Progo district.
Findings: The data obtained is then validated and checked for reliability. The results showed that religiosity and understanding of tax knowledge have a positive effect. In contrast, mastery of technology does not affect of village treasurer taxpayer compliance.
Novelty: This study contributes in several ways. First, tax compliance in village treasurers is still very rare. Second, it is hoped that the empirical evidence from this research can provide input or consideration for regulators and tax authorities regarding how the technology can be more effective and efficient.
Prevention of the Corruption Crime through Administrative Enforcement Mechanism against Abuse of Authority
Authors: Rahman Wahbi , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Djatmika Prija , Madjid Abdul , Rajamanickam Ramalinggam
Published: December 2024

The law regulates that abuse of authority that results in state financial losses is a criminal offence of corruption. Law 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration regulates the accountability mechanism for discretion that falls into the category of abuse of authority which then causes state losses which can lead to the application of administrative sanctions as stipulated in Article 80 paragraph (4) of the Government Administration Law. Based on this, the researcher draws a theoretical problem regarding the Prevention of Corruption Through Administrative Enforcement Mechanisms against Abuse of Authority in the Form of Discretion that causes state financial losses using normative juridical legal research methods with a focus on discussions related to the application of systematic specialist principles in cases of abuse of authority that cause state financial losses as a concept. Where based on the research that has been carried out, it is known that with the development of applicable legal instruments, administrative enforcement against abuse of authority in the form of discretion that causes state financial losses can be used as an instrument to prevent the occurrence of a criminal act of corruption by using the principle that does not override each other,  meaning that if it can be resolved by administrative instruments then criminal law instruments are no longer applied, which is theoretically called the principle of Una-Via or ultra vires, meaning that if a case has been resolved administratively then the opportunity to resolve the case by other legal means is closed.
Sedentary Behavior of Elementary School Children According to the Perception of Class Teachers and Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Syamsul Arif Hidayatulloh Akhsan  , Susilo Bekti  , Adi Sucipto
Published: December 2024

With the development of technology, it indirectly changes the lifestyle to be more lazy to do physical activity, especially for elementary school children. The method in this study is to use a quantitative approach with a comparative causal method where it is done by comparing the perceptions of class teachers and Physical Educationto determine the sedentary behavior of elementary school students spread across cities and districts in East Java. Respondents in this study totaled 78 teachers, of which 43 were class teachers and 35 were physical education teachers. Data were collected through questionnaires via google form with 5 Likert answer scales and analyzed with one sample t-test and independent sample t-test. The results of the study are: 1) Physical activity of elementary school children according to class teachers has not met the adequate criteria set. 2) Physical activity of elementary school children according to Physical Educationhas not met the adequate criteria set. It can be concluded in this study that the physical activity of elementary school children according to physical education teachers has not met the established adequacy criteria. Meanwhile, according to the class teacher, the physical activity of elementary school children according to the class teacher has not met the adequacy criteria set.
Fixed point theorems for generalised contractions in altering JS-metric space with graph
Authors: Alshammari I. , Özel C. , Gnanachandra P. , Varunnya X.M.J.
Published: December 2024

Throughout this article, we propose an extension of the metric space due to M. Jleli and B. Samet (JS-metric space). This extension is made using the altering distance function, hence the name altering JS-metric. The idea of fixed points for the contraction mappings endowed with graph was first introduced by J. Jachymski in 2008. After that many researchers followed this idea and proposed various contraction mappings endowed with a graph. Motivated by these ideas, we have generalised some well-known contraction mappings in the literature that are endowed with a graph. Additionally, we have provided some fixed point results concerning these contractions in an altering JS-metric space.
The Decline of Nature Renders the Global Economy Insolvent
Authors: Secrest Irene
Published: December 2024

The decline of nature poses a significant threat to the global economy as it diminishes the availability of natural resources essential for economic functions. Ecosystem degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change all result in increased risks and costs for businesses across various industries. For instance, rising sea levels and extreme weather events disrupt supply chains, leading to higher production costs and decreased profitability. Furthermore, the depletion of natural resources such as water and forests undermine productivity and agricultural output, impacting food security and overall economic stability. As our reliance on nature for raw materials and ecosystem services grows, failing to address its decline not only jeopardizes ecological sustainability but also risks financial insolvency on a global scale. It is imperative for governments, businesses, and individuals to prioritize sustainable practices and conservation efforts to safeguard both nature’s health and the resilience of the global economy.
Could We Switch Off Autoimmunity?
Authors: Gibson Eugene
Published: December 2024

Autoimmunity transpires when the immune system erroneously targets healthy cells, leading to a range of autoimmune disorders. Although medications are available to alleviate symptoms and decelerate disease progression, a definitive cure for autoimmunity continues to be unattainable. Research in immunology and medical science is perpetually advancing, with novel potential findings arising. A viable strategy for tackling autoimmunity involves employing medicines that target the fundamental mechanisms responsible for immune system dysfunction. Certain drugs may regulate certain immune responses or obstruct inflammatory pathways associated with autoimmune illnesses. Moreover, gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 present possible avenues for altering genes associated with autoimmunity and maybe “disabling” the autoimmune response entirely. Despite existing hurdles, including the assurance of therapeutic efficacy and safety, these novel techniques have the potential to transform the management of autoimmunity in the future.
La real vacada de Aranjuez: una aproximación a las reses del monarca a finales del Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Galisteo Chico Ana
Published: December 2024

Los Sitios Reales fueron espacios esenciales en la formación y evolución de la organización política de la Monarquía Hispana. Desde mediados del siglo XVIII, a partir del reinado de Carlos III, y comienzos de la siguiente centuria, los sitios reales experimentaron importantes cambios en relación con su significación, gestión y visión económica. En este contexto, la real vacada de Aranjuez, creada en sus orígenes para proveer de mantequilla y leche a la corte, se convirtió en el escenario de proyectos e iniciativas agrícolas y ganaderas con el objetivo de explotar las potencialidades de este espacio. A través del caso de la real vacada de Aranjuez, se pretende analizar el valor económico del real patrimonio y de los programas que se desarrollaron en los Sitios Reales a finales del Antiguo Régimen.
Explorando la teoría de motivación de Herzberg: Una revisión teórica de su impacto en aspectos valorados por las organizaciones
Authors: Gibu La Torre Yanira
Published: December 2024

La motivación laboral es un tema que, con el pasar de los años, sigue siendo considerado importante, ya que puede ayudar a las organizaciones a tener trabajadores con deseos de alcanzar los objetivos y, con ello, contribuir para que la organización crezca. Existen diversas teorías de la motivación que han ido surgiendo, entre ellas la teoría de Herzberg que puede ser aplicada hoy en día mediante sus factores motivacionales e higiénicos. El objetivo del presente artículo es explicar dicha teoría y demostrar que sus factores tienen impacto en aspectos valorados por las organizaciones. Para ello se revisaron diferentes artículos relacionados al tema, obteniendo como resultado que existe un impacto en aspectos como la rotación de personal, absentismo, clima laboral, desempeño laboral y productividad si se implementan ambos factores en las organizaciones. La conclusión fue que los factores motivacionales que impactan son el reconocimiento, el trabajo en sí, responsabilidad, progreso, crecimiento, logro, y los factores higiénicos que impactan son las condiciones laborales, salario, seguridad, política y administración de la compañía, vida personal, relaciones con el supervisor y compañeros.
Impacto de las obras por impuestos en la mejora de la calidad del servicio educativo: Estudio de caso en el Distrito de Huaral, 2023
Authors: Changana Solis Ligia Elena
Published: December 2024

The Works for Taxes modality has emerged as an innovative strategy to address infrastructure deficiencies in Peruvian schools in the context of education. This modality, regulated by Act 29230, establishes a regulatory framework that promotes collaboration between the public and private sectors, facilitating the financing and execution of initiatives aimed at the optimization of educational facilities. However, it is essential to analyze the real impact of this mechanism on the quality of education offered to the population, beyond the construction or improvement of physical conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this article was the analysis of the impact of works for taxes on the improvement of the quality of educational services in the district of Huaral during the year 2023. Using a descriptive correlation study with a quantitative approach and non-experimental design, the study involved a population of 100 employees and a sample of 80 employees chosen by simple random sampling. The results showed a strong positive correlation (rho = 0.854**) between works for taxes and the improvement of the quality of educational services. This indicates that a greater implementation of these works is related to a better perception of quality by educators and administrators. However, although works for taxes are effective in improving the quality of education, their success is dependent on proper management and efficient allocation of resources in accordance with local needs.
A Day in the Woods in Pregnancy: Fetal and Neonatal Implications
Authors: Sroda Agudogo J. , Febres-Cordero Daniela , Collier Ai-ris Y.
Published: December 2024

Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD), also known as hard-tick relapsing fever, is an emerging tick-borne illness caused by the bacterium Borrelia miyamotoi. This pathogen is transmitted primarily by Ixodes ticks, also known as deer ticks or black-legged ticks. BMD poses significant public health concerns because of its potential to cause severe hemodynamic and hematologic disturbances, particularly in vulnerable populations such as pregnant individuals. BMD often presents with symptoms like other tick-borne infections, including fever, chills, headache, and muscle aches, but often lacks the characteristic rash seen in Lyme disease and does not typically have a greater-than-24-hour tick attachment period for transmission. A high index of suspicion in the late spring and summer months in the Northern hemisphere is essential for early diagnosis of BMD and treatment to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Antioxidant Activity from the Byproducts of Pindang Hydrolysed by Trypsin from Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Authors: Dali Faiza A. , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Lioe Hanifah N. , Suhartono Maggy T.
Published: December 2024

Pemindangan is a traditional fish processing method in Indonesia, where fish are preserved by boiling in saltwater. This process results in a liquid as a by-product, which is often discarded without any further processing. The liquid contains a substantial amount of protein, reaching 1.04±0.03 mg/mL, which make it a potential source of bioactive peptides. This study aimed to produce bioactive peptides from pindang liquid which was hydrolysed by enzymes isolated from skipjack viscera. The hydrolysates were prepared by using extracted trypsin, which was also from a fish by-product. The trypsin-assisted hydrolysis was carried out at a temperature 60 °C and pH 8.0, while for the semi-purified trypsin, the process was run at 50 °C and pH 8.0. The hydrolysis time was operated at different periods of 15, 30, and 60 min. The results showed that the pindang liquid dominantly contained hydrophobic amino acids and the hydrolysate was still rich in protein content ranging from 0.56 to 0.65 mg/mL. Furthermore, hydrolysis time significantly influenced antioxidant activity of the peptide. The best antioxidant activity was shown at hydrolysis time of 15 min by crude extract enzymes, resulting in antioxidant activity of 0.90±0.01 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC)/mg protein and reducing power of 4.49±0.60 mg trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/mg protein. Hydrolysis by using semi-purified trypsin showed antioxidant activity equivalent to 0.73±0.05 mg AEAC/mg protein and reducing power 6.54±0.34 mg TEAC/mg protein. Overall, the results revealed the conversion of pindang liquid into bioactive peptides showing antioxidant activity, and therefore, they might be potentially developed as functional foods.
A comparison study of artificial intelligence-driven no-code applications for drug discovery and development
Authors: Nizhenkovska Iryna , Reva Tetyana , Kuznetsova Olena , Nizhenkovskyi Oleksii , Chkhalo Oksana
Published: December 2024

The aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functionality and effectiveness of selected AI-driven no-code applications in drug discovery. This research assessed ease of use, interface design, user experience, speed, resource utilisation, accuracy, and scalability to determine their suitability for various drug development tasks.
Materials and methods. The study used an evaluation methodology to test six AI-driven no-code applications: Insilico Medicine's Pharma.AI, Atomwise, Schrödinger's LiveDesign, Exscientia, BenevolentAI, and Cyclica. Quantitative data were collected from performance metrics, and qualitative data were obtained through expert interviews. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) tests.
Results.The analysis revealed that Insilico Medicine's Pharma.AI and Atomwise consistently outperformed other applications regarding usability and predictive accuracy. Schrödinger's LiveDesign demonstrated high accuracy but required significant computational resources. BenevolentAI and Exscientia showed limitations in usability and accuracy, particularly in toxicity prediction. Cyclica was noted for its ease of use but was less effective in scalability and resource utilisation.
Conclusions. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers and pharmaceutical companies, guiding the integration and application of AI-driven solutions to accelerate the drug discovery process and improve the success rate of developing new therapeutic drugs. Future research should focus on broadening the evaluation to include more diverse scenarios and real-world applications to further validate and enhance these tools
Social-emotional learning in foreign language classes at higher education institutions: from theory to practice
Authors: Herasymenko Liudmyla , Muravska Svitlana
Published: December 2024

This article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of integrating Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) into Foreign Language classes, emphasizing its benefits over traditional teaching methods, particularly in the context of the ongoing military aggression of russia against Ukraine. SEL fosters a supportive environment where students can express themselves, make choices, and develop essential life skills, with a focus on mental health – an especially critical factor during times of uncertainty. Foreign Language instruction offers a unique opportunity to gradually introduce SEL as it can be easily incorporated into the curriculum. Through SEL, students learn to understand and empathize with others, regardless of cultural or social backgrounds, thereby enhancing their interpersonal skills.
The integration of SEL in Foreign Language education helps students build and maintain positive relationships, resolve conflicts, and make constructive decisions. It also plays a crucial role in helping first-year students adapt to the new environment at university. At the tertiary level, SEL exposure supports the development of key competencies, such as self-awareness, self-management, responsible decision-making, social awareness, and relationship-building.
In this study, we selected and adapted a range of SEL activities for use in Foreign Language classes. These activities encourage students to identify their emotions, attitudes, and values, while reflecting on how these influence their behavior. Techniques, such as breathing exercises, meditation, goal-setting, and time management, are introduced to help students regulate their emotions, manage stress, control impulses, and stay motivated. Group discussions, collaborative projects, and teamwork are recommended to further improve social awareness, decision-making, and relationship-building skills