bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Market Selection Methods in a Changing International Trade Environment: the Case of Lithuanian SMEs
Authors: Brazinskas Sigitas
Published: December 2016

International business environment is changing: globalization, trade sanctions, domestic regulations, international operations across different cultures, importance of communication, demand of sustainable supply chains and other factors force companies to diversify their markets continuously, adapt foreign market development strategies and meet market requirements at a large scale. A dilemma for SMEs is obvious as the future road in foreign market selection is uncertain: global or regional approach has to be followed. The objective of this paper is to unravel and assess market selection methods and market diversification situation as well as analyze their future strategic international trade trends in regional and global perspective. Implemented on-line survey of 450 Lithuanian vendors aimed to unlock and answer methods used in market selection, analyze market diversification situation and assess future approach towards regional and global development. The survey results reveal the perspective of Lithuanian vendors regarding their approach to use market selection methods, a demand of more formal and research based approach as well as development components versus promotion. By incorporating view on diversification, market selection methods and future market entries methods, the paper provides with a more complete view on international trade strategies development set for SMEs and their five-year vision of regional integration approach.
Perceptions of Construction Industry to Managerial Competences in
Construction: Lithuanian Case
Authors: Ustinovičius Leonas , Vilutienė Tatjana , Barvidas Arūnas , Puzinas Arūnas
Published: December 2016

The article presents the results of study conducted during the MBAIC project. The main task of the project was to
deepen Directive’s 89/48/EWG ideas, which will lead to creation of proper European system of comparison, certification and
mutual recognition of managerial qualifications in construction. During the project, the survey on managerial competences in
construction was conducted. The project resulted with new postgraduate studies for construction managers were created forming
common platform of managerial knowledge. The scope of knowledge included in didactic material was agreed with representatives
of European construction industry. This base of knowledge will extend the foundations of recognition and certification
of managerial qualifications in construction, in EU.
The Role of Culture in the Relationship between Leader Support and Innovative Behaviors: A research in Tourism Sector
Authors: Turunç Ömer
Published: December 2016

This cultural research aims to investigate the direct effects of leader support on employees' innovative behaviors and the moderating effect of Hofstede’s culture dimensions (collectivism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and power distance) in the relation between leader support and employees' innovative behaviors. The hypotheses are tested using the data collected from a sample of 396 employees in tourism sector in Antalya, Turkey. The results demonstrate that leader support significantly improves employees' innovative behaviors in this sector. Besides, some culture dimensions have moderating roles on the association between leader support and employees' innovative behaviors. Findings indicate that the moderating role of culture varies from dimension to dimension.
Histopathological Classification and Renal Outcome in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies-associated Renal Vasculitis: A Study of 186 Patients and Metaanalysis
Authors: Chen Yong-Xi , Xu Jing , Pan Xiao-Xia , Shen Ping-Yan , Li Xiao , Ren Hong , Chen Xiao-Nong , Ni Li-Yan , Zhang Wen , Chen Nan
Published: December 2016

Objective.

Renal vasculitis is one of the most common manifestations of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and renal histology is a key predictor of the outcome. A new histopathologic classification was proposed and validated, but the results are still debated.

Methods.

We performed a retrospective analysis to validate the histopathologic classification and performed a metaanalysis to evaluate its predictive value. There were 186 patients with ANCA-associated renal vasculitis diagnosed at Ruijin Hospital who were enrolled in the retrospective study. The metaanalysis considered the data for 1601 patients.

Results.

In our retrospective study, patients with focal class had the best renal outcome while patients with mixed class had the worst (p < 0.001). Metaanalysis showed that patients with focal class had better renal outcome than did those with crescentic class [risk ratio (RR) 0.23, 95% CI 0.16–0.34, p < 0.00001], with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.96). Patients with crescentic class had better renal outcome than did those with sclerotic class (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41–0.64, p < 0.00001), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 2%, p = 0.43). We did not find statistical significance regarding renal outcome between mixed and crescentic classes (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.91–1.43, p = 0.27), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 23%, p = 0.19). The retrospective study showed that lung and upper respiratory tract involvement were the most common extrarenal manifestations.

Conclusion.

We demonstrated the clinical utility of histopathologic classification in determining renal outcome in patients with AAV. Metaanalysis showed that patients with focal class had the best outcome while sclerotic class had the worst.
Action publique et politiques de diversification du mix énergétique vers les énergies renouvelables en Afrique de l’Ouest. Focus sur le cas des agrocarburants au Burkina Faso
Authors: Djerma Gatete Charly , Dabat Marie-Hélène , Gabas Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2016

La diversification du mix énergétique vers les énergies renouvelables est un objectif politique majeur au Burkina Faso. Pourtant, cet objectif donne lieu à des politiques, des stratégies ou des programmes sectoriels élaborés sans grandes concertation et cohérence, avec un faible souci de leur mise en œuvre et isolés dans le jeu d’ensemble de l’action publique dans le domaine énergétique. Classification JEL : H11, O11, Q28, Q48
Rôle des infrastructures de transport dans la construction de l’espace économique ouest-africain
Authors: Abdo Hassan Maman
Published: December 2016

Cet article analyse les contraintes relatives aux infrastructures de transport. Il pointe les coûts excessifs de transport découlant du piège de la géographie. Ces coûts de fret induisent une contre-performance des économies qui reflètent de faibles niveaux de commerce et de croissance. Ainsi, la construction de l’espace ouest-africain se trouve affectée par l’inefficacité des politiques d’infrastructures de transport. Classification JEL : N77, N97, O18, O40, R41
High-Resolution Adaptive Optics Retinal Image Analysis at Early Stage Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy With
PRPH2
Mutation
Authors: Gocho Kiyoko , Akeo Keiichiro , Itoh Naoko , Kameya Shuhei , Hayashi Takaaki , Katagiri Satoshi , Gekka Tamaki , Ohkuma Yasuhiro , Tsuneoka Hiroshi , Takahashi Hiroshi
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report the clinical features of Japanese patients at Stage 1 and 2 of central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Five family members had comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including adaptive optics (AO) retinal imaging. Mutation analysis of the
PRPH2
gene was performed by Sanger sequencing. The protocol conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board of The Jikei University School of Medicine.

RESULTS:

Four family members had a heterozygous
PRPH2
mutation, p.R172Q; however, one member with a mutation did not show any ophthalmological abnormalities. Two patients had mild parafoveal retinal dystrophy and a reduction of cone density determined by AO analysis.

CONCLUSION:

The results indicate that the parafoveal cone photoreceptors can be affected even at the early stage of CACD.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1115–1126.]
Occult Perforating Globe Injury Caused by Intraocular Foreign Body
Authors: Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Qian Cynthia X. , Patel Avni V. , Kim Leo A. , Eliott Dean
Published: December 2016

Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) may be associated with occult exit wounds. The authors present a case of a man who sustained a zipper-tooth IOFB through the cornea from a car tire explosion. CT showed an IOFB within the vitreous cavity, but the IOFB was not identified during vitrectomy. Extension of the peritomy revealed an exit wound with the foreign body lodged in the extraocular space. This case demonstrates that IOFBs can rest within the vitreous cavity after creating an exit wound, but may escape detection by being driven back out of the globe during vitrectomy due to the pressurized eye. Coexistent ocular surface and intraocular pathology often limit intraoperative visualization, but a perforating through-and-through injury should be suspected if the IOFB cannot be identified during vitrectomy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1162–1163.]
Revision of monotypic genus Llavea (Cryptogrammoideae: Pteridaceae)
Authors: Palacios-Rios Mónica , Arana Marcelo D. , Márquez Gonzalo
Published: December 2016

Llavea Lag. is a genus of Cryptogrammoideae (Pteridaceae), whose only species is distributed from southern United States and Mexico to Guatemala and Costa Rica, although it lives mainly in Mesoamerica, inhabiting preferably calcicolous habitats associated with forests and mountains. The genus is easily recognized by the presence of fertile leaves hemi-dimorphic, with the fertile apical portion with longer and narrower segments than the sterile ones, with strongly revolute margin, and rhizome scales bicolorous, shiny, and black. This paper presents a revision of the genus, nomenclatural issues are resolved, and and palynological morphological diversity are reviewed, as well as its distribution, phenology, ecology, and applications, based on field and herbarium specimens studies. In addition, two names related to Llavea, Allosorus karwinskii Kunze and Ceratodactylis osmundioides J. Sm., were lectotypified.
Prototipos cerámicos – diseño, computación y fabricación digital
Authors: Bechthold M.
Published: December 2016

Las investigaciones de la Universidad de Harvard en sistemas de material cerámico han introducido una gama de aplicaciones novedosas que combinan tecnologías de fabricación digital y robótica con diseños imaginativos y métodos de ingeniería. Los prototipos muestran las nuevas prestaciones de la cerámica y la integración de este material en la cultura de la construcción actual. Los trabajos van desde sistemas de control de luz natural a aplicaciones estructurales y un sistema de colocación de tejas robóticas. Se hace hincapié en la integración de nuevas tecnologías con métodos de fabricación probados y reales. El documento describe dos estudios distintos: uno sobre la impresión 3D de cerámica y el otro sobre el uso estructural de baldosas delgadas de gran formato.
Le uates dans les Fastes d’Ovide : le double jeu de la Musa lasciua
Authors: Richer Cécile
Published: December 2016

Ovide dans les Fastes affiche le projet d’abandonner son éthos de poète badin, éthos endossé dans les œuvres précédentes de registre élégiaque. Il entend adopter la posture officielle, celle du uates, présent chez Virgile dans l’Énéide : il serait le poète inspiré des dieux qui chante les valeurs nationales, glorifiant la famille du prince et adhérant à la propagande augustéenne. Mais on note des éléments de discordance, notamment dans l’origine de son inspiration : ce n’est pas la Muse épique mais le doctus princeps qui l’inspire, le transformant en poète de cour destiné à flatter. De plus, Ovide délègue souvent sa parole à une divinité quand ses connaissances lui font défaut. Ce procédé, fréquent dans les œuvres étiologiques, lui permet de se dissocier du discours tenu comme n’étant pas le sien et c’est justement dans ces passages que l’on retrouve une certaine moquerie à l’égard des héros fondateur (Romulus notamment), qui fondent la propagande augustéenne. Cette discordance entre l’éthos affiché et l’éthos en sourdine ainsi que le choix du mètre élégiaque montrerait qu’au contraire Ovide renoue dans cette œuvre avec sa Muse légère et taquine. Elle s’explique également par un contexte littéraire où les auteurs élégiaques réfléchissent à leur liberté de création, notamment par rapport à la politique et aux genres traditionnels.
Le poète amoureux pétrarquiste, un éthos en devenir
Authors: Triou Charlotte
Published: December 2016

Cet article traite de l’éthos dans les premiers canzonieri pétrarquistes français du xvie siècle. Il s’agit d’analyser comment ces œuvres montrent un devenir de la voix poétique, en suivant l’hypothèse que l’inscription de l’exercice poétique dans une temporalité est essentielle à la construction de l’éthos. Tout d’abord, en rappelant les enjeux de la réception de Pétrarque en France, l’article expose les présupposés éthiques qui fondent un éthos préalable partagé par les poètes pétrarquistes. L’analyse de l’énonciation poétique montre comment les recueils combinent un cadre poétique discontinu et instable à un cadre éthique continu. C’est sur ces bases que se fonde un éthos déployé dans une temporalité de la continuation et de la persévérance.
L’éthos phallique de Claude Le Petit
Authors: Chaigne Dominique
Published: December 2016

Le satirique s’octroie pour mission d’arracher les masques : sa poésie établit l’image d’un je dans toute sa masculinité, en construisant par contraste celui de l’homme féminisé. Il réaffirme ainsi le principe menacé de l’hétéronormativité dans la société du XVIIe siècle.
Robert de Montesquiou en ses miroirs limpides
Authors: Barde Cyril
Published: December 2016

Dans la préface à l’édition définitive de ses recueils poétiques chez Georges Richard (1906), Robert de Montesquiou désigne Les Perles rouges comme le pivot de l’œuvre. À en croire l’écrivain, les sonnets historiques publiés en 1899 se distingueraient des premiers volumes, qui « paraissent avoir pour mission de travailler eux-mêmes à la rédaction de notre moi ». Les Perles rouges signalerait alors le moment d’une ressaisie de l’éthos auctorial. Cet article tente de situer ce geste éditorial au sein des enjeux éthiques qui dominent la carrière littéraire de Robert de Montesquiou, durablement affectée par l’assimilation de l’écrivain au personnage de des Esseintes. S’il convient de relativiser les démarcations rétrospectives proposées par le poète, il s’agit de montrer en quoi les Perles rouges construit un éthos sensiblement différent de celui qui prévaut dans la majorité des recueils publiés par Montesquiou au cours des années 1890.
De l’éthos du poète à l’éthos du théoricien : parcours croisés dans l’œuvre de Tristan Derème
Authors: Cyprès Amandine
Published: December 2016

L’article interroge, à travers la pratique poétique et poéticienne de Tristan Derème, le rapport de l’éthos aux genres poétiques et argumentatifs. Il entend montrer comment Derème, en cultivant l’ironie et les contraintes d’écriture au sein du lyrisme Fantaisiste, puis en inventant un salon littéraire chargé de livrer des réflexions sur la poésie, fait bouger les frontières de ces genres, et questionne le concept d’éthos : quelle image le locuteur renvoie-t-il dans ces textes, et quelle est la place des contraintes génériques au sein de l’éthos ? Qu’en est-il de la prétendue adéquation locuteur-auteur lorsque l’énoncé est mis en doute par la distanciation ? Enfin, quelle est la place des éléments formels, de l’éclatement des locuteurs, du « décor », dans la construction de l’éthos ?
Le livre avalé
Authors: Duchatelez Stéphane
Published: December 2016

La présente contribution se propose d’aborder la notion d’éthos à l’aune de phénomènes relevant de la polyphonie linguistique. Le corpus consiste en une mise en regard du troisième poème du recueil Quelque chose noir de Jacques Roubaud et du Journal d’Alix Cléo Roubaud, épouse défunte du poète. Nous commençons par examiner les principales stratégies polyphoniques utilisées dans le poème. Nous mettons en évidence leur diversité ainsi que la gradualité des phénomènes. Le second volet de l’étude est consacré à l’analyse des principales postures qui en découlent. Nous montrons qu’à la diversité des stratégies polyphoniques correspond une pluralité de postures adoptées par l’auteur-locuteur du poème. Nous suggérons pour conclure le caractère irréductible de cette diversité, conformément à la poétique de la ruine constitutive du recueil.
O STATUS JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO DO ABORTO: UMA QUESTÃO DE GÊNERO?
Authors: Vieira Junior Luiz Augusto Mugnai
Published: December 2016

A criminalização e a ilegalidade do aborto no Brasil são ingredientes fundamentais para uma prática abortiva insegura, que além de expor as mulheres a problemas de saúde também causa a morte de muitas delas. Segundo a Organização mundial de saúde (1990) o aborto inseguro é a terceira causa de morte de mulheres no mundo. E o Brasil não foge a regra dessa estatística segundo o Ministério da Saúde (2009). Assim, pensando que a criminalização e a ilegalidade são elementos provenientes do status jurídico sobre o aborto, esse cenário de mortalidade de mulheres devido o abortamento realizado de maneira insegura leva a seguinte reflexão: o ordenamento jurídico sobre a prática abortiva desvela as posições das relações gênero na sociedade brasileira? Para tal, se apresenta aspectos significativos dos discursos sobre o aborto constituídos historicamente e que estabeleceram as condições de possibilidade para seu status jurídico atual, ou seja, a ilegalidade da prática. Destaca-se os elementos, as ênfases, os aspectos marcantes, as posições que são usadas nos discursos sobre a prática abortiva proveniente da área jurídica e assim perceber nela o quanto se revela uma questão de gênero.
Septic syndrome within internal medicine units: finally we have our records!
Authors: Mazzone Antonino , Campanini Mauro
Published: December 2016

Not available
Appropriate antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients
Authors: Pieralli Filippo , Mancini Antonio , Crociani Andrea
Published: December 2016

Severe sepsis and septic shock are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients in and outside Intensive Care Units. Early hemodynamic and respiratory support, along with prompt appropriate antimicrobial therapy and source control of the infectious process are cornerstone management strategies to improve survival. Antimicrobial therapy should be as much appropriate as possible, since inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with poorer outcome in different clinical settings. When prescribing antibiotic therapy, drug’s characteristics, along with dosing, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties related to the drug and to the clinical scenario should be well kept in mind in order to achieve maximal success.
Biomarkers for sepsis: past, present and future
Authors: Chesi Giuseppe , Vazzana Natale , Giumelli Claudio
Published: December 2016

Sepsis is a complication of severe infection associated with high mortality and open diagnostic issues. Treatment strategies are currently limited and essentially based on prompt recognition, aggressive supportive care and early antibiotic treatment. In the last years, extensive antibiotic use has led to selection, propagation and maintenance of drug-resistant microorganisms. In this context, several biomarkers have been proposed for early identification, etiological definition, risk stratification and improving antibiotic stewardship in septic patient care. Among these molecules, only a few have been translated into clinical practice. In this review, we provided an updated overview of established and developing biomarkers for sepsis, focusing our attention on their pathophysiological profile, advantages, limitations, and appropriate evidence-based use in the management of septic patients.
Antibiotic stewardship programs and the internist’s role
Authors: Giusti Massimo , Cerutti Elena
Published: December 2016

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide issue, but with significant epidemiological diversity in different countries. A recently observed phenomenon is represented by the diffusion of AMR, initially confined to intensive-care units, to medical wards. This was predictable, since patients hospitalized in medical units are made up of more than 70% of elderly people (over 75 years of age in 1 case out of 2). They are fragile patients, with significant comorbidity (over a half with at least 3 diseases), weakened immune systems, and consequently a higher risk of infection. Given such a scenario, it becomes therefore both necessary and urgent to adopt a multifaceted approach of antimicrobial stewardship programs in order to prevent, detect and control the emergence of antimicrobial resistant organisms. The ideal antimicrobial program is led by an infectious diseases (ID) physician and clinical pharmacist with ID training, together with a list of other important staff: clinical microbiologist, information systems specialist, infection control professional, and hospital epidemiologist. In real life, not all the Italian hospitals have got an ID physician and therefore the best canditates for antimicrobial management practices are internists if provided with a specific expertise in ID and antibiotic therapy. Adhering to the principles of optimal antimicrobial therapy in their clinical practice, the internist is able to improve the care and help to reduce the resistance of a patient at his bedside. At the same time, he can achieve other key goals reducing the length of stay and reducing the cost and utilization of health care resources.
Risk factors and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections
Authors: Pistella Eleonora , Santini Claudio
Published: December 2016

In the nosocomial setting, antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are a growing challenge, and alarming trends in resistance are currently reported all over the world. Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae producing ampC β-lactamases and extended spectrum β-lactamases are endemic in many hospitals, and are frequently resistant also to other classes of antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. The risk of infections due to multi-drug resistant strains should be considered also for outpatients who have had recent contact with the health system. Both nosocomial and health-care associated infections should be treated with a combination of antibiotics active against multi-drug resistant Gram negative and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In the absence of effective antimicrobial stewardship programs, this aggressive therapeutic approach might lead to abuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics, with consequent increase in resistances. To contain the possible antibiotic overuse, several decisional strategies, often based on risk-score systems supporting the clinical decisions, have been proposed. In this context of high antibiotic selection pressure, carbapenem-resistant pathogens recently began to spread in many hospitals. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and P. aeruginosa, represent the new major challenges to patient safety. Against these organisms the initial empiric treatment is generally ineffective. The poor clinical outcome associated with carbapenem- resistant K. pneumoniae infections is probably due to the delete in the beginning of an appropriate antibiotic treatment, rather than to the increased virulence of pathogens. Only few therapeutic options are available, including colistin, tigecycline, aminoglycosides and carbapenems in selected cases. Several combinations of these antibiotics have been used, but no ideal regimen has been currently established.
Sepsis: implication for nursing
Authors: Bertoncini Fabio , Di Massimo Dino Stefano , Gatta Claudia
Published: December 2016

Sepsis is a serious health problem that is off worldwide interest; it is associated with a high mortality rate despite continuing improvements in infection management and the awareness of population is still poor despite its importance. Direct interventions to achieve the goal of clinician, like reduction of mortality, pass through the resuscitation and antibiotics but their effectiveness depends on the early recognition of symptoms and therefore the septic state. The nursing role is crucial both for the early recognition of the disease state, as well as to treat the patient with professionalism and promptness and to provide appropriate assistance to the kind of complexity that creates this pathological state: to achieve these aims, recommendations and bundles were developed to guide clinical nurses in septic patients’ care.
Thyrotoxic storm during sepsis: study of a rare complication, clinical and biological observations
Authors: Dodi Ferdinando , Centanaro Monica , Porcile Elisa , Riccò Elisabetta , Di Noto Anna , Gratarola Angelo
Published: December 2016

We describe an uncommon severe clinical complication of sepsis – thyrotoxic storm (TS). Common biologic, pathogenic, clinical conditions that can determine sepsis can cause a TS. High circulating values of vascular cellular adhesive molecules-1 and various pro-inflammatory citochines are related with thyroid damage. During sepsis, moderate dysfunctions are not expression of actual disease, but severe damage in pituitary-thyroid hormonal axis. Thyroid stimulated hormon release, and consequent overproduction of thyroid hormones can cause TS. In critical patients, presence of hormonal dysfunctions determines more elevated clinical score of sepsis severity and higher risk of death than control groups (without thyroid disease) or survived patients.
89th SIBS National Congress on Climate and Life | Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy, 1-2 December 2016
Authors: Editors The
Published: December 2016

This abstract book contains the abstracts presented at the 89th SIBS National Congress on Climate and Life | Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy, 1-2 December 2016.
HYPOSPADIAS: LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP IN A SINGLE CENTER
Authors: Molinaro F. , Angotti R. , Bindi E. , Sica M. , Aglianò M. , Messina M. , Mariscoli F.
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Hypospadias is one of the most common birth defects that affect the male urogenital tract. It can present as isolated anomaly, but sometimes can arise in the context of complex disorders of sex development (DSD). These malformations are characterized by a great variety of clinical manifestations and compromise the aesthetic appearance, but also functional and psychological impact that the malformation can determine the patient.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for hypospadias from March 2000 to January 2015. The data was extrapolated from a prospective database. It was considered for each patient: demographics; type of hypospadias; surgical technique; average age for surgery; intraoperative and postoperative complications (early and late). Duckett’s classification was used.
Results: 343 urethroplasties were performed. 320 (93%) were primary urethroplasties and 23 (7%) reoperations in patients who had performed many other surgical procedures. 7 patients with megameatus were excluded. The hypospadias have been ranked according to Duckett’s classification, 35 patients had associated diseases. In total were performed: 186 (55%) Snodgrass, 71(21%) Duckett,10 (3%) augmented Duckett, 42 (13%) Magpi, 16 (5%) Duplay, 1 (0,3%) Bracka, 1 (0,3%) was a Bianchi’technique and 5 (1,4%) were Standoli. In 4 patients (1%) were used mixed technique. There were no intraoperative complications. The mean age at surgery was 15 months (range 12-22 months). Postoperative complications were 12%. Long term follow up was done with uroflussimetrie at 3 and 6 months in those who had reached the continence and possible urethral calibrations in those who had submitted a stenosis in post-op.
Conclusions: The improvement of surgical techniques, the use of optical amplification tools, the use of suture material (PDS) and the experience gained in recent years have enabled us to optimized the results. Though aware of the potential and actual complications that this type of microsurgical correction can lead to the results we have obtained are comparable to those of major international series and can be considered satisfactory, both from an aesthetic and functional.
CHOEDOCHAL CYST: OUR EXPERIENCE IN A SINGLE CASE BY LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH
Authors: Molinaro F. , Sica M. , Bindi E. , Mariscoli F. , Angotti R. , Messina M.
Published: December 2016

Introduction Choledochal cysts are disproportionate dilatations of the biliary system for the presence of a congenital malformation, the persistence of the common biliary pancreatic channel. Complete excision of the cyst is the best treatment strategy to avoid long-term complications especially malignant transformation, recurrent cholangitis and gallstones. We present a clinical case treated at our center with minimally invasive surgery.
Case Report A female patient was admitted to our center at the age of 3 years, with right hypocondrial pain, followed by jaundice, vomiting and recurrent fever. No abdominal mass present. Abdominal ultrasound was performed and also Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. According to the Todani classification modified by Alonso-Lej classification we identified a type I with three gallonstones. She underwent laparoscopic cyst excision and hepatico-jejunostomy Roux-en-Y with perianastomotic drainage positioned. No early and late postoperative complications after 1 year of follow-up.
Discussion and Conclusions Choledochal cysts can present at different ages with variable symptoms. Common presentations include abdominal pain, jaundice, and right upper quadrant mass and are most common seen in pediatric patients. Associated congenital anomalies of biliary tract may be present. Most cases of choledochal cyst disease have type I and IV-A cysts. If left untreated, choledochal cysts have an increased risk of malignant transformation. Early surgical excision and restoration of biliary tract continuity is mandatory, whatever the symptom severity to avoid long term complications whenever possible. Currently the gold standard treatment is the mini invasive surgery, in fact the advantages of this technique is the intraoperative visualization of deeper structures, decreased postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, improved cosmetic result and decreased postoperative ileus. However, these cases remain reserved for highly specialized surgeons with a thorough understanding of hepatobiliary anatomy and minimally invasive techniques. Finally, limited case series of robotic pediatric choledochal cysts resection and reconstruction have been reported with acceptable outcomes, although more studies are needed before widespread acceptance and implementation of this technique in pediatric age.
PARTIAL CONGENITAL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION BY DUODENAL ATRESIA WINDSOCKS TYPE: CASE REPORT
Authors: Molinaro M. , Mariscoli F. , Sica M. , Bindi E. , Angotti R. , Messina M.
Published: December 2016

Introduction Duodenal atresia Windsocks type is a rare condition of congenital bowel obstruction. Thanks to recent technological advancements of prenatal diagnosis it is possible to make a diagnosis of duodenal atresia with high degree of certainty through the radiological sign of “double bubble”, but up to date it is not yet possible to identify the type of duodenal atresia. We report the case of a patient with prenatal diagnosis of “double bubble”. The patient had no other concomitant malformations.
Case Report The patient came to our attention after prenatal ultrasound that showed a picture of double bubble. At the 27th week of gestation we performed fetal MRI that confirmed the US pattern of double bubble but it did not identify with certainty the type of duodenal atresia. At birth the patient underwent GI rx examination that showed a picture of partial duodenal obstruction compatible with the Windsocks type. On the following day, we performed endoscopy which showed the presence of duodenal membrane, so the patient underwent surgical treatment with a longitudinal duodenal incision in order to treat the wind-sock membrane. After one month a further Upper-GI rx examination showed a regular transit of the contrast. Four months after the first operation the patient underwent new surgical treatment for bowel obstruction by adhesions. The operation was successful and the patient had a complete recover.
Conclusions Patients with prenatal diagnosis of “double bubble” require a multidisciplinary approach for proper clinical management. Unfortunately it is not currently possible to identify with certainty by prenatal ultrasound the type of duodenal atresia, but in case of incomplete bowel occlusion , the possibility of an atresia Windsocks type should always be considered, especially for setting the right surgical approach.
Interpolatory estimates, Riesz transforms and wavelet projections
Authors: Müller Paul F.X. , Müller Stefan
Published: December 2016

We prove that directional wavelet projections and Riesz transforms are related by interpolatory estimates. The exponents of interpolation depend on the Hölder estimates of the wavelet system. This paper complements and continues previous work on Haar projections.
Well-posedness and scattering for nonlinear Schrödinger equations on $\mathbb R^d \times \mathbb T$ in the energy space
Authors: Tzvetkov Nikolay , Visciglia Nicola
Published: December 2016

We study the Cauchy problem and the large data

H^1

scattering for energy subcritical NLS posed on

\mathbb R^d \times \mathbb T

.
Quasicrystals with discrete support and spectrum
Authors: Lev Nir , Olevskii Alexander
Published: December 2016

We proved recently that a measure on

\mathbb R

, whose support and spectrum are both uniformly discrete sets, must have a periodic structure. Here we show that this is not the case if the support and the spectrum are just discrete closed sets.
Combining Riesz bases in $\mathbb R^d$
Authors: Kozma Gady , Nitzan Shahaf
Published: December 2016

We prove that every finite union of rectangles with edges parallel to the axes in

\mathbb R^d

admits a Riesz basis of exponentials.
Rigidity of fiber-preserving quasisymmetric maps
Authors: Le Donne Enrico , Xie Xiangdong
Published: December 2016

We show that fiber-preserving quasisymmetric maps are biLipschitz. As an application, we show that quasisymmetric maps on Carnot groups with reducible first stratum are biLipschitz.
Fractional operators with singular drift: smoothing properties and Morrey–Campanato spaces
Authors: Chamorro Diego , Menozzi Stéphane
Published: December 2016

We investigate some smoothness properties for a linear transport-diffusion equation involving a class of non-degenerate Lévy type operators with singular drift. Our main argument is based on a duality method using the molecular decomposition of Hardy spaces through which we derive some Hölder continuity for the associated parabolic PDE. This property will be fulfilled as far as the singular drift belongs to a suitable Morrey–Campanato space for which the regularizing properties of the Lévy operator suffice to obtain global Hölder continuity.
Factors Influencing Residency Program Selection by Medical Students Pursuing Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Alston Meredith J. , Metz Torri D. , Fothergill Russell , (Meg) Autry Amy , Wagner Sarah A. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Stephenson-Famy Alyssa
Published: December 2016

Background 

Little is known about the factors that influence medical student selection of obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) residency programs.

Objective 

We assessed the factors influencing residency program selection by fourth-year medical students pursuing ob-gyn training.

Methods 

A voluntary, anonymous, 19-question survey of residency selection factors was distributed to all fourth-year medical students interviewing at 1 of 5 academic ob-gyn departments for a residency position during the 2013–2014 interview season. Participants were surveyed about the relative importance (not important, somewhat important, important) of various residency selection factors, including operative experience, exposure to subspecialties, curricular experience, access to fellowships, and administrative aspects of residency, including adherence to duty hour restrictions.

Results 

Of 322 potential respondents, 262 (81%) completed the survey. Surgical training and training in laparoscopic surgery were deemed “important” by nearly all respondents (98%, 258 of 262, and 97%, 253 of 262, respectively). Factors that were considered “not important” by a significant group of respondents included maternity/paternity leave policies (22%, 58 of 259); opportunity for international rotations/electives (20%, 51 of 259); exposure to quality and safety initiatives (13%, 34 of 259); and training in abortion (13%, 34 of 262).

Conclusions 

Fourth-year medical students identified surgical training as the most important factor in selecting an ob-gyn residency, a finding that is particularly relevant as decreasing and changing surgical volumes affect residency training in this specialty.
Paralysed: A Systemic Functional Analysis of James Joyce’s “Eveline”
Authors: Kavalir Monika
Published: December 2016

In homage to the work of Uroš Mozetič, the paper takes as its starting point previously developed suggestions about how the language of “Eveline” conveys a picture of the heroine as a passive, paralysed character. Using Hallidayan Systemic Functional Linguistics as a model of stylistic analysis, it investigates the contribution of both the ideational and the interpersonal metafunctions to the meaning of the text. The results extend and amend some ideas from the literature, such as the supposed prevalence of stative verbs, and suggest that while the short story as a whole predominantly uses material processes, their potential for change is mitigated by Joyce’s aspect, tense, and usuality choices. Eveline as the main character crucially has the role of a Senser, observing and internally reacting to the world around her, and even the processes in which she acts upon things and people are modalised and shown to be either hypothetical or instigated by others.
Uroš Mozetič as a Poet
Authors: Grošelj Nada
Published: December 2016

Nada Grošelj presents Uroš Mozetič as a poet.
Free vs. Faithful – Towards Identifying the Relationship between Academic and Professional Criteria for Legal Translation
Authors: Hjort-Pedersen Mette
Published: December 2016

For many years translation theorists have discussed the degree of translational freedom a legal translator has in rendering the meaning of a legal source text in a translation. Some believe that in order to achieve the communicative purpose, legal translators should focus on readability and bias their translation towards the target language community. Others insist that because of the special nature of legal texts and the sometimes binding force of legal translations, translators should stay as close to the source text as possible, i.e., bias their translation towards the source language community. But what is the relationship between these ‘academic’ observations and the way professional users and producers, i.e., lawyers and translators, think of legal translation? This article examines how actors on the Danish legal translation market view translational manoeuvres that result in a more or less close relationship between a legal source text and its translation, and also the translator’s power to decide what the nature of this relationship should be and how it should manifest itself in the translation.
Reaction to Crisis in Gothic Romance: Radcliffe’s The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne
Authors: Braček Tadej
Published: December 2016

Gothic romances were primarily women’s domain. This is proven by the fact that from the end of the eighteenth century to the beginning of the nineteenth century more than fifty female authors wrote Gothic romances. In the first part the paper depicts the emergence of romances, clarifies the notion of the Gothic and explains the theory of Gothic romances. The second part focuses on Ann Radcliffe’s first novel, The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne. This section analyses in what way men and women react to crises. It concludes that reactions are primarily based not on sex but on the benevolence and malevolence of literary characters. The former react with higher intensity on the physical level (passing out, becoming ill) and the latter react vehemently in emotional sense towards their rivals. The originality of the article lies in the systematic analysis of characters’ responses to crisis and in the study of atypical features of this Gothic novel.
The Reception of Harold Pinter’s Plays in Slovenia between 1999 and 2014
Authors: Gavez Urša
Published: December 2016

Harold Pinter started his career with a conspicuous lack of success. He faced negative critical reviews of his early works, but his typical style eventually opened doors to new worlds in modern drama. On Slovene stages, Pinter’s plays also received a similarly modest welcome. The audience as well as the reviewers found his long pauses, silences and incoherent dialogue insufficiently engaging. One of the main reasons for this could have been their unfamiliarity with Pinter’s style, which eventually acquired its own adjective – ‘Pinteresque’. With time, Pinter’s popularity increased more rapidly on the world stages than in Slovenia, and today this playwright is not a stranger to the Slovene theatre. This article deals with Pinter on Slovene stages as well as the popular and critical reception of his plays. The period before 1999 was thoroughly analysed by Darja Hribar, while this study is the first to focus on the decade and a half following.
Introduction
Authors: Krevel Mojca
Published: December 2016

Introduction to ELOPE Vol. 13 No. 2.
Disorientation and Disillusionment in Post-9/11 Poetry: A Thematic Reading
Authors: Kočan Šalamon Kristina
Published: December 2016

The paper examines the immediate responses that emerged in American poetry after the terrorist attacks on 11 September, 2001. The aim of the paper is not to summarize the tragic events of 9/11, but to show how poets reacted to the terrorist attacks. In response to 9/11, a great deal of poetry emerged that expresses the poetic and completely personal, intimate side of the crisis, and many printed publications appeared in which poets addressed 9/11. Although one can find a range of features in American poetry after the attacks, there are notable similarities among the poetry being produced. The post-9/11 poetry can be divided into thematic clusters. This paper is, however, limited to responses that deal only with feelings of disorientation, loss and despair after 9/11. Furthermore, the paper presents poetic reactions that involve a sense of disillusionment and the idea that everything changed after the attacks. Each thematic cluster offers examples of 9/11 poetry that are interpreted with the help of close reading.
Radial polydactyly-revisiting its embryological, anatomical and etiological aspects
Authors: Ansari R. , Kadir F.
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Radial Polydactyly is a frequently encountered congenital anomaly. What is known less about this anomaly is its diverse etiology. In this situation, this article sheds more light on the embryology ofthe upper limb, the presentation, classification and a discussion on the varied etiology ofradial Polydactyly. Methodology: Review ofvarious published literature from Scopus, PubMed central and Wiley's online library. Results: Latest research proves that the various expressions of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is responsible for this condition in addition to its varied etiology ranging from environmental factors, maternal diabetes and thalidomide embryopathy to chromosomal mutations. Pediatric surgeons have classified radial polydactyly into various subtypes in respect to its presentation and surgical outcomes. Conclusion: this paper is a concise review of radial polydactyly, exploring its anatomical, embryological and etiological aspects. It can be concluded that both genetic and environmental factors are culprits in the pathogenesis of radial polydactyly, but strong evidence pointing out the causal relationship between the environmental factors and Sonic Hedgehog expression is yet to be explored.
Bilateral variations in the roots of origin of the phrenic nerve and absence of fibrous pericardium in an old male cadaver
Authors: Ahmadpour S. , Foghi K.
Published: December 2016

Phrenic nerve provides the major motor supply to diaphragm. Various anatomical variations in the course and distribution of the phrenic nerve have reported before. Here we report a rare bilateral asymmetric variation in the roots of origin of the phrenic nerve and absence of fibrous pericardium in an old male cadaver. Specifically, the right phrenic nerve was arising from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5) and the left side nerve originated from the supraclavicular nerve and a tiny branch from C5. In the same cadaver both sides phrenic nerve were buried in the mediastinal pleura. Another interesting finding was absence of the fibrous pericardium. To the best of our knowledge the presented case showed a very rare variation in the roots of origin of the phrenic nerve accompanied with pericardial anomaly which has been less reported. We think such case is of practical importance during supraclavicular block during anesthesia
Bilateral variation of anterior belly of digastric muscle
Authors: Azeredo R. , Cesconetto L. , Torres L.
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Digastric is a suprahyoid muscle and usually consists of two bellies. Its action consists in drawing the mental region downwards and backwards when opening the mouth, resulting in the depression of the mandible. Methods and Results: During a routine dissection of the cervical region, a muscle bundle arising from the intermediary tendon going towards the middle line was found. The supranumerary belly arised from the intermediary tendon so that some bundles inserted on the middle rafe and others continued towards the mento and inserted on the belly of mylohyoid muscle at the same side. These anatomic variations on the anterior belly of the digastric muscle could be significant during surgical procedures involving the submental region. Conclusion: Besides this surgical importance, we suggest that these supranumerary bellies have no direct action on the mandible, but on the floor of the mouth, due to its insertions on the mylohyoid muscle.
Gross anatomy of the narial and labial musculatures of one humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Adam Z. , Awaad A. , Tawfiek M. , Ibrahim A.
Published: December 2016

Introduction: The objective of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the narial and labial musculatures of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) and their nerve supply. Materials and Methods: Sixteen head specimens from adult and symptomatically healthy camels of both sexes were used. The muscles of the nostrils and lips were carefully dissected and illustrated to demonstrate their origin, insertion and relations. The nerves in this area were also dissected to show their branches and distribution. Results: The dissection of these regions revealed that their muscles were arranged in three layers; the superficial layer included M. dilator naris apicalis, M. dilator naris medialis and M. levator nasolabialis, the middle layer was formed of maxillo-labial group of muscles (M. levator labii superioris, M. dilator naris lateralis and M. depressor labii superioris) and the deep layer was formed by M. lateralis nasi. Moreover, the lips had M. orbicularis oris, M. incisivus superioris, M. incisivus inferioris and M. mentalis, however, the M. depressor labii inferioris was absent in the animal under investigation. The muscles of nostrils and lips were innervated by N. trigeminus (V) and N. facialis (VII). Conclusion: The arrangement of the narial and labial muscles is unique and may relate to its living conditions of frequent sand-storms and direct sun rays, where the camel is the only domesticated animal known for its ability to close its nostril.