bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Adsorption of Epoxy‐Functional Nanoparticles onto Stainless Steel Significantly Reduces Friction in Tribological Studies
Authors: György Csilla , Kirkman Paul M. , Neal Thomas J. , Chan Derek H. H. , Williams Megan , Smith Timothy , Growney David J. , Armes Steven P.
Published: January 2023

Epoxy‐functional sterically‐stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles (ca. 27 nm) are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerization in mineral oil. Nanoparticle adsorption onto stainless steel is examined using a quartz crystal microbalance. Incorporating epoxy groups within the steric stabilizer chains results in a two‐fold increase in the adsorbed amount, Γ, at 20 °C (7.6 mg m−2) compared to epoxy‐core functional nanoparticles (3.7 mg m−2) or non‐functional nanoparticles (3.8 mg m−2). A larger difference in Γ is observed at 40 °C; this suggests chemical adsorption of the nanoparticles rather than merely physical adsorption. A remarkable near five‐fold increase in Γ is observed for ca. 50 nm epoxy‐functional nanoparticles compared to non‐functional nanoparticles (31.3 vs. 6.4 mg m−2, respectively). Tribological studies confirm that chemical adsorption of the latter epoxy‐functional nanoparticles leads to a significant reduction in friction between 60 °C and 120 °C.
Statisch‐konstruktive Durchbildung des Gebäudeteils BOX – Herausforderung aus planerischer Sicht
Authors: Ritter Hendrik , Frenzel Michael , Scheerer Silke
Published: January 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Herausforderungen bei der statisch‐konstruktiven Durchbildung des Gebäudeteils BOX aus planerischer Sicht vor. Dabei wird auf die BOX‐Konstruktion als solche, auf die verwendeten Materialien und die einzelnen Bauteile, vor allem auf die Decken und Außenwände, eingegangen. Der Bericht gibt genauere Informationen über das Vorgehen bei der Bemessung von Bauteilen und geht auf besondere Aspekte sowie maßgebende Konstruktionsdetails ein. Der Bericht zeigt, dass sich mit Carbonbeton filigrane, materialminimierte Bauteile planen und umsetzen lassen, wodurch natürliche Ressourcen gespart werden können.
An evaluation of a multi‐component intervention for loud speech among children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Spinks Hailey M. , Falcomata Terry S. , Spinks Elissa M.
Published: January 2023

Idiosyncratic patterns of speech are common among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can greatly affect their ability to participate successfully in various social and educational settings. We evaluated a treatment package with three children with ASD and a history of loud speech. A multiple baseline across participants design and a decibel meter application were used to evaluate whether the multi‐component intervention (i.e., a rule, differential reinforcement, and in vivo feedback) would effectively reduce participants' rates of loud speech. The results showed that the intervention decreased rates of loud speech for all participants. Results are discussed in terms of (a) their extension of the literature regarding speech prosody in ASD by demonstrating an effective intervention for loud speech, (b) clinical implications, and (c) potential future research regarding this nuanced, yet crucial aspect of social communication, including appropriate methods for addressing loud speech in individuals with ASD.
Kinetically controlled chiral metal‐coordinated supramolecular polymerization accompanying helical inversion or morphological transformation
Authors: Lim Seol A. , Jung Sung Ho , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: January 2023

Here, we describe the recent progress on metal‐coordinated supramolecular structures with unique characteristics and controlled helicity based on coordination geometry and dynamic intermolecular binding events. The current major research area is the self‐assembly of a metal‐containing molecule into nanomaterials. It generated a large number of supramolecular polymers, which have various structures and functions. Although the dynamic coordination complexation reactions between various metal ions and ligands are spontaneous, we successfully achieved unique morphological transformations with helical inversion of metal‐containing supramolecular polymers via the kinetic control of dynamic coordination complexation reactions. Our findings have a significant impact on the development of novel and advanced supramolecular materials, and dynamic coordination bonds in the molecular design of metal‐containing complexes for modulating self‐assembly pathways, which may be relevant for the fabrication of supramolecular materials with interesting properties. Our contributions may be useful to the understanding of chiral assembly processes in biological systems.
Firm, industry, and country effects on CO2 emissions levels
Authors: López‐Manuel Lucas , Vázquez Xosé H. , Sartal Antonio
Published: January 2023

We hinge on a panel data of 4660 firms across 79 countries and over 15 years to explore how country, industry, and firm effects influence firms' CO2 emissions. Our results show that firm effects are the main factor influencing firms' CO2 emissions (32.8% of the total variance), ahead of industry (30.6%), country (29.3%), or country‐industry effects (4.0%). These results highlight the need to overhaul current public policy baselines that mainly focus on environmental regulation and technological development, for the dissemination of proactive environmental practices within the firm also appears to be—at least—as important to ground a low‐carbon future. Our findings should also permeate the rhetoric of the agents setting business collective beliefs and influencing management training, as well as that of international organizations at the forefront of the crusade for decarbonization. By contrast, if the misleading idea of marginal firm effects entrenches in our set of beliefs, it could become a self‐fulfilling prophecy in the normative system under which policymaking and organizational behavior unfold.
A novel synthetic sRNA promoting protein overexpression in cell‐free systems
Authors: Tanniche Imen , Nazem‐Bokaee Hadi , Scherr David M. , Schlemmer Sara , Senger Ryan S.
Published: January 2023

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) that regulate gene expression have been engineered for uses in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Here, we designed a novel non‐Hfq‐dependent sRNA scaffold that uses a modifiable 20 nucleotide antisense binding region to target mRNAs selectively and influence protein expression. The system was developed for regulation of a fluorescent reporter in vivo using Escherichia coli, but the system was found to be more responsive and produced statistically significant results when applied to protein synthesis using in vitro cell‐free systems (CFS). Antisense binding sequences were designed to target not only translation initiation regions but various secondary structures in the reporter mRNA. Targeting a high‐energy stem loop structure and the 3′ end of mRNA yielded protein expression knock‐downs that approached 70%. Notably, targeting a low‐energy stem structure near a potential RNase E binding site led to a statistically significant 65% increase in protein expression (p < 0.05). These results were not obtainable in vivo, and the underlying mechanism was translated from the reporter system to achieve better than 75% increase in recombinant diaphorase expression in a CFS. It is possible the designs developed here can be applied to improve/regulate expression of other proteins in a CFS.
Molecular mechanisms on how FABP5 inhibitors promote apoptosis‐induction sensitivity of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Jiacheng , He Gang , Jin Xi , Alenezi Bandar T. , Naeem Abdulghani A. , Abdulsamad Saud A. , Ke Youqiang
Published: January 2023

Previous work showed that FABP5 inhibitors suppressed the malignant progression of prostate cancer cells, and this suppression might be achieved partially by promoting apoptosis. But the mechanisms involved were not known. Here, we investigated the effect of inhibitors on apoptosis and studied the relevant mechanisms. WtrFABP5 significantly reduced apoptotic cells in 22Rv1 and PC3 by 18% and 42%, respectively. In contrast, the chemical inhibitor SB‐FI‐26 produced significant increases in percentages of apoptotic cells in 22Rv1 and PC3 by 18.8% (±4.1) and 4.6% (±1.1), respectively. The bio‐ inhibitor dmrFABP5 also did so by 23.1% (±2.4) and 15.8% (±3.0), respectively, in these cell lines. Both FABP5 inhibitors significantly reduced the levels of the phosphorylated nuclear fatty acid receptor PPARγ, indicating that these inhibitors promoted apoptosis‐induction sensitivity of the cancer cells by suppressing the biological activity of PPARγ. Thus, the phosphorylated PPARγ levels were reduced by FABP5 inhibitors, the levels of the phosphorylated AKT and activated nuclear factor kapper B (NFκB) were coordinately altered by additions of the inhibitors. These changes eventually led to the increased levels of cleaved caspase‐9 and cleaved caspase‐3; and thus, increase in the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. In untreated prostate cancer cells, increased FABP5 suppressed the apoptosis by increasing the biological activity of PPARγ, which, in turn, led to a reduced apoptosis by interfering with the AKT or NFκB signaling pathway. Our results suggested that the FABP5 inhibitors enhanced the apoptosis‐induction of prostate cancer cells by reversing the biological effect of FABP5 and its related pathway.
Long‐term follow‐up of contemporary drug‐eluting stent implantation in diabetic patients: Subanalysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Hemert Nicole D. , Voskuil Michiel , Rozemeijer Rik , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Rittersma Saskia Z. , Leenders Geert E. H. , Stein Mèra , Frambach Peter , van der Harst Pim , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Stella Pieter R. ,   The ReCre8 Study Investigators
Published: January 2023

Objective

The elevated risk of adverse events following percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic patients persists with newer‐generation DES. The polymer‐free amphilimus‐eluting stent (PF‐AES) possesses characteristics with a potentially enhanced performance in patients with diabetes. Data from the 1‐year follow‐up period has been previously published. The aim of this subanalysis was to assess long‐term performance of two contemporary drug‐eluting stents (DES) in a diabetic population.

Methods

In the ReCre8 trial, patients were stratified for diabetes and troponin status, and randomized to implantation of a permanent polymer zotarolimus‐eluting stent (PP‐ZES) or PF‐AES. The primary endpoint was target‐lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction and target‐lesion revascularization. Clinical outcomes between discharge and 3 years follow‐up were assessed.

Results

A total of 302 patients with diabetes were included in this analysis. After 3 years, TLF occurred in 12.5% of PP‐ZES patients versus 10.0% in PF‐AES patients (p = 0.46). Similarly, the separate components of TLF were comparable between the two study arms. The secondary composite endpoint of NACE was higher in the PP‐ZES arm with 45 cases (29.6%) versus 30 cases (20.0%) in the PF‐AES arm (p = 0.036). In the insulin‐dependent diabetic population, TLF occurred in 19.1% of PP‐ZES patients versus 10.4% of PF‐AES patients (p = 0.21). NACE occurred in 40.4% of PP‐ZES patients versus 27.1% of PF‐AES patients (p = 0.10).

Conclusions

This subanalysis shows that the use of PF‐AES results in similar clinical outcomes as compared to PP‐ZES, yet some benefits of use of PF‐AES in diabetic patients may prevail. Future dedicated trials should confirm these findings.
Leaflet modification or chimney stenting in patients at risk for coronary artery obstruction in valve‐in‐valve procedure for a failed surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve
Authors: Montarello Nicholas J. , Quagliana Angelo , Søndergaard Lars , De Backer Ole
Published: January 2023

Valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV‐TAVR) for a degenerated surgical aortic bioprosthesis is a well‐established treatment modality but carries an increased risk of coronary artery obstruction (CAO) with potentially catastrophic consequences. Both chimney stenting and leaflet modification by BASILICA (Bioprosthetic or Native Aortic Scallop Intentional Laceration to Prevent Iatrogenic Coronary Obstruction) are increasingly employed and can be highly effective means of preventing CAO. Using a case report, in which both strategies were utilized, as a platform for detailed discussion, we address the indications, contraindications, and relative merits of each technique in the prevention of CAO.
Green and Fast Strategies for Energy‐Efficient Preparation of the Covalent Organic Framework TpPa‐1
Authors: Martínez‐Visus Íñigo , Ulcuango Matías , Zornoza Beatriz , Coronas Joaquín , Téllez Carlos
Published: January 2023

Three synthesis procedures for the covalent‐organic framework (COF) TpPa‐1 are studied with the purpose of setting up the most promising one in a fast and green way, leading to a more environmentally friendly and sustainable process. With conventional heating, good crystallinity and a high BET specific surface area (SSA) of up to 1007 m2 ⋅ g−1 are achieved at 170 °C for 3 days using water as the quintessential green solvent. However, the application of microwave radiation in the synthesis for this crystalline porous polymer allows reaction times to be shortened to 30 min while maintaining structural and textural properties (BET SSA of 928 m2 ⋅ g−1) and obtaining yields close to 98 % (vs. 90 % in the hydrothermal synthesis). The water‐assisted mechanochemical synthesis is also an environmentally friendly synthetic approach; with heating at 170 °C in a two‐step process (10+10 min), high crystallinity is achieved, a BET SSA of 960  m2 ⋅ g−1 and a yield of 98 % for TpPa‐1.
Chiral explosives: A theoretical investigation of structure and chiroptical properties of triacetone triperoxide and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine
Authors: Puente Andrew R. , Polavarapu Prasad L.
Published: January 2023

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) are cyclic peroxides that exhibit atropisomerism resulting from restricted rotation around three peroxide bonds. As a result, one pair of enantiomers with D3 symmetry and another pair of enantiomers with C2 symmetry can be identified. Previous studies, based on mass spectrometry data and computational results, have shown that conformations of TATP with D3 and C2 symmetry can be isolated. Assuming that enantiomer samples of TATP and HMTD can be obtained with sufficient enantiopurity, we investigated their chiroptical properties, namely, optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and Raman optical activity (VROA). ORD curves and VCD spectra are seen to be very similar for D3‐ and C2‐symmetric atropisomers with the same overall helicity. Predicted VROA results, however, show significant differences between D3‐ and C2‐symmetric atropisomers with the same overall helicity. The D3‐symmetric atropisomer is predicted to exhibit considerably larger magnitude vibrational optical activity signals than the C2‐symmetric atropisomer.
Reconciling deep learning and first‐principle modelling for the investigation of transport phenomena in chemical engineering
Authors: Marcato Agnese , Marchisio Daniele , Boccardo Gianluca
Published: January 2023

The use of machine learning in chemical engineering has the potential to greatly improve the design and analysis of complex systems. However, there are also risks associated with its adoption, such as the potential for bias in algorithms and the need for careful oversight to ensure the safety and reliability of machine learning‐powered systems. This paper explores the opportunities and risks of using machine learning in chemical engineering and provides a perspective on how it may be integrated into engineering practices in a responsible and effective manner.

We generated the text of this abstract with GPT‐3, OpenAI's large‐scale language‐generation model. Upon generating the draft, we ensured that the language was to our liking, and we take ultimate responsibility for the content of this publication.
Glucosamine conjugated iron oxide and graphene oxide nanohybrid for smart drug delivery
Authors: Mousavi Maedehsadat , Salehi Zeinab , Rezvanpour Alireza , Mosayebi Mehdi , Farahani Masoumeh , Asadi Tokmedash Mohammad , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2023

Smart drug delivery systems have attracted a lot of attention as one of the new treatment methods for cancer. In this study, a smart drug delivery system carrying anticancer drugs was obtained by the intelligent synthesis of glucosamine (GA)‐functionalized graphene oxide (GO)‐based iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@GO‐GA) using Hummers and chemical co‐precipitation processes. Nanohybrids have a high surface area (280.26 m2/g) and superparamagnetic behaviour (Ms = 26.017 emu/g), indicating a significant loading capacity (373.78 mg/mg) and efficiency (96.3%) for pharmaceutical loading. An adsorption study of conventional daunorubicin (DNR) on this carrier showed that the drug release is more prone to occur under acidic conditions (pH = 5.5), at moderately high temperatures (T = 40°C), and in the absence of smart carriers. The toxicity of the smart nanohybrids was examined using the sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay in Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) cell lines. The rate of death of cells exposed to smart drug‐containing systems in comparison to the systems without GA shows that GA reduces the toxicity of Fe3O4@GO.
Exploration of the Binding Modes of Toll‐Like Receptor 4 Competitive Inhibitors: A Combined Ligand‐Based and Target‐Based Approach
Authors: Dang Wen , Meng Churen , Wang Jian , Zhou Di , Chen Gang , Li Ning
Published: January 2023

The interactions of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) with competitive inhibitors were investigated by a combined ligand‐based and target‐based approach. Firstly, the ligand‐based pharmacophore model of the reported TLR4 inhibitors was constructed by utilizing the common feature method, which included three hydrophobic groups and a hydrogen bond receptor. The Schrödinger software suite glide module was used to dock inhibitors with proteins and verify the importance of these four interaction points from the target level. Then, molecular dynamics, alanine scanning mutagenesis, and binding free energy calculation were used to identify the key amino acids in the binding mode. In addition, blind docking proved that the TLR4 inhibitor does not bind to TLR4 itself like other TLR family proteins. Based on this, we also screened a class of sesquiterpene coumarins which possibly have TLR4 inhibitory activity and will conduct a detailed study later. Together, this study revealed the interactions between TLR4 protein and its competitive inhibitors, which shed light on better access for developing its novel inhibitors.
Formation and Surface Behavior of Pt and Pd Complexes with Ligand Systems Derived from Nitrile‐functionalized Ionic Liquids Studied by XPS
Authors: Hemmeter Daniel , Paap Ulrike , Taccardi Nicola , Mehler Julian , Schulz Peter S. , Wasserscheid Peter , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter
Published: January 2023

The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Hans‐Peter Steinrück and Prof. Peter Wasserscheid at the Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg. The image shows substitution of volatile acetonitrile ligands by a nitrile‐functionalized imidazolium cation. The formed cationic complex and the counter ions exhibit a specific preferential orientation at the ionic liquid/gas interface, which can be studied by angle‐resolved XPS. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200391.
Hepatitis E Virus: Isolation, Propagation, and Quantification
Authors: Lin Shaoli , Yang Liping , Zhang Yan‐Jin
Published: January 2023

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) predominantly causes acute liver disease in humans and is transmitted via the fecal‐oral route. HEV infection in pregnant women can result in grave consequences, with up to 30% fatality. The HEV strains infecting humans mainly belong to four genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to human infection, while genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic. HEV genotype 3 (HEV‐3) can cause both acute and chronic liver disease. Several cell lines (mainly hepatocytes) have been developed for HEV propagation and biological study. However, HEV production in these cell lines is suboptimal and inefficient. Here, we present methods for the isolation, propagation, and quantification of HEV. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Isolation and propagation of hepatitis E virus in cultured cells from clinical HEV specimens

Support Protocol 1: Quantification of HEV RNA by RT‐qPCR

Basic Protocol 2: Recovery of HEV from infectious cDNA clones and purification of the virus

Support Protocol 2: Quantification of HEV live particles by infectivity assay
The Colloidal Properties of Nanocellulose
Authors: Benselfelt Tobias , Kummer Nico , Nordenström Malin , Fall Andreas B. , Nyström Gustav , Wågberg Lars
Published: January 2023

Nanocelluloses are anisotropic nanoparticles of semicrystalline assemblies of glucan polymers. They have great potential as renewable building blocks in the materials platform of a more sustainable society. As a result, the research on nanocellulose has grown exponentially over the last decades. To fully utilize the properties of nanocelluloses, a fundamental understanding of their colloidal behavior is necessary. As elongated particles with dimensions in a critical nanosize range, their colloidal properties are complex, with several behaviors not covered by classical theories. In this comprehensive Review, we describe the most prominent colloidal behaviors of nanocellulose by combining experimental data and theoretical descriptions. We discuss the preparation and characterization of nanocellulose dispersions, how they form networks at low concentrations, how classical theories cannot describe their behavior, and how they interact with other colloids. We then show examples of how scientists can use this fundamental knowledge to control the assembly of nanocellulose into new materials with exceptional properties. We hope aspiring and established researchers will use this Review as a guide.
Real world evidence of clinical predictors of glycaemic response to glucose‐lowering drugs among Chinese with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wu Hongjiang , Lau Eric S. H. , Yang Aimin , Fan Baoqi , Ma Ronald C. W. , Kong Alice P. S. , Chow Elaine , So Wing‐Yee , Chan Juliana C. N. , Luk Andrea O. Y.
Published: January 2023

Aims

To examine whether simple clinical features can predict the 1‐year glycaemic response to glucose‐lowering drugs (GLDs) among Chinese with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We used data from a diabetes risk assessment and complication screening programme and electronic medical records. We used linear regression models to examine the association between clinical features and 1‐year glycaemic response to GLDs.

Results

Use of metformin (n = 15,433), sulphonylureas (SU) (n = 15,190), dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i) (n = 7947), thiazolidinedione (TZD) (n = 4107), and sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) (n = 1883) were associated with a mean reduction of HbA1c ranging from 0.7% to 1.3% at one year. Men had a greater response to SU but a poorer response to metformin and TZD. Older age predicted a better response to all GLDs but not SGLT‐2i, whereas increasing diabetes duration was associated with a poorer response to all GLDs except for DPP‐4i. Obese patients responded greater to TZD and SGLT‐2i but poorer to SU than those with normal weight. Patients with a higher level of triglycerides to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio had a greater glycaemic response to TZD but a smaller response to SU and DPP‐4i.

Conclusions

Glycaemic response to GLDs differed considerably by clinical features among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Spatiotemporal variation in vegetation phenology and its response to climate change in marshes of Sanjiang Plain, China
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Shen Xiangjin , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Yanji , Wu Liyuan , Ma Rong , Lu Xianguo , Jiang Ming
Published: January 2023

Sanjiang Plain is the largest marsh distribution area of China, and marshes in this region significantly affect regional carbon cycle and biodiversity protection. The vegetation phenology of marsh significantly affects the energy exchange and carbon cycle in that region. Under the influence of global climatic change, identifying the changes in phenology and their responses to climatic variation in marshes of Sanjiang Plain is essential for predicting the carbon stocks of marsh ecosystem in that region. Using climate and NDVI data, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in the start (SOS), end (EOS), and length (LOS) of vegetation growing season and explored the impacts of climatic variation on vegetation phenology in marshes of Sanjiang Plain. Results showed that the SOS advanced by 0.30 days/a, and EOS delayed by 0.23 days/a, causing LOS to increase significantly (p < .05) by 0.53 days/a over marshes of Sanjiang Plain. Spatially, the large SOS advance and EOS delay resulted in an obvious increasing trend for LOS in northern Sanjiang Plain. The rise of spring and winter temperatures advanced the SOS and increased the LOS, and the rise in temperature in autumn delayed the EOS in marshes of Sanjiang Plain. Our findings highlight the necessity of considering seasonal climatic conditions in simulating marsh vegetation phenology and indicate that the different influences of climatic variation on marsh vegetation phenology in different regions should be fully considered to assess the marsh ecosystem response to climatic change in Sanjiang Plain.
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Short‐Form Adolescent Health Promotion scale: Methodological study
Authors: Sarkhani Naeimeh , Pashaeypoor Shahzad , Negarandeh Reza , Ghafouryan Gomish Bashi Nazli , Heshmatian Mohammad Ehsan
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim

Assessing health promotion among adolescents is vital to identify healthy and unhealthy behaviors and to evaluate health promotion interventions. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Short‐Form Adolescent Health Promotion scale.

Methods

Three hundred and twenty‐seven adolescents were recruited through a multistage sampling method in this methodological study. The original version of the Adolescent Health Promotion scale was translated from English to Persian using the Backward–Forward translation protocol. Then, the scale's validity and reliability, including the face, content, construct validity, and reliability indices, were evaluated. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24.

Results

The mean CVI and CVR were 0.99. The exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors covering 42.57% of the total variance. The factor loading order of the items did not exactly correspond to the order obtained in the English version of the scale's validity and reliability analysis. The obtained factors called included: life appreciation, stress management, nutrition, and health responsibility. In the current study, both Cronbach's ɑ and the intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated at 0.84 and 0.99.

Conclusion

The Persian version of the Adolescent Health Promotion scale developed in the present study is acceptable for the validity of the content, face, and reliability. However, the construct validity of this scale should be checked in other samples.
Frequency of COVID‐19 vaccine side effects and its associated factors among the vaccinated population of Pakistan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yasmin Farah , Najeeb Hala , Siddiqui Hasan Fareed , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Awan Hashir Ali , Usama Rana Muhammad , Allahuddin Zoha , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Ullah Kaleem , Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack Mohammed
Published: January 2023

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine side effects have an important role in the hesitancy of the general population toward vaccine administration. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the COVID‐19 vaccine side effects in our population.

Materials and Methods

An online survey‐based, cross‐sectional study was carried out from September 1, 2021, to October 1, 2021, to document the side effects of the COVID‐19 vaccine among the general public. The questionnaire included participants’ sociodemographic data, type of vaccine, comorbidities, previous COVID‐19 infection, and assessment of side effects reported by them.

Results

The majority of the participants were <20 years of age (62.2%), females (74.9%), belonged to the educational sector (58.1%), residents of Sindh (65.7%), and were previously unaffected by COVID‐19 infection (73.3%). Sinovac (38.7%) followed by Sinopharm (30.4%) and Moderna (18.4%) were administered more frequently. Commonly reported side effects were injection site pain (82%), myalgia (55%), headache (46%), fatigue/malaise (45%), and fever (41%). Vaccine side effects were more likely to be reported with the first dose as compared to the second dose. On regression analysis, factors associated with occurrence of side effects included younger age (odds ratio [OR]: 6.000 [2.065–17.431], p < 0.001), female gender (OR: 2.373 [1.146–4.914], p = 0.020), marital status (OR: 0.217 [0.085–0.556], p < 0.001), graduate level of education (OR: 0.353 [0.153–0.816], p = 0.015), and occupation being either retired, freelancers, or social workers (OR: 0.310 [0.106–0.909]), p = 0.033). Previous infection with COVID‐19 (p = 0.458) and comorbidities were found unrelated (p = 0.707) to the occurrence of side effects.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of local side effects was quite higher than the systemic ones. Further large‐scale studies on vaccine safety are required to strengthen public confidence in the vaccination drive.
A risk–return trade‐off or co‐movement? Are food processing firms risk‐averse?
Authors: Mukherjee Subhadip , Mukherjee Soumyatanu , Parhi Mamata , Duan Kun , Usman Ahmed
Published: January 2023

We build a two‐moment decision‐theoretic framework to study how firms in the food‐processing industry negotiate between risk and return while relying on imported inputs for production at an intensive margin. Two possibilities emerge: either a co‐movement or a trade‐off in risk and return under various industry and economic conditions. Building on our theoretical setting, we design a testable empirical framework that considers a panel of 316 firms in the Indian food‐processing industry between 1993 and 2009. We find strong evidence of a decrease in the absolute risk aversion preference, although the magnitude varies measurably across firms.
Preliminary results of COVID‐19 vaccination among Taiwanese pregnant women: A single‐center, prospective, case–control study
Authors: Law Kim Seng , Hsu Yi‐Ting , Chen Hsu‐Peng
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the impacts of messenger RNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines in Taiwanese pregnant women in terms of obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Methods

The authors prospectively followed up 450 pregnant women receiving vaccination at a single center. Patients recorded prespecified adverse reactions via a mobile application up to 30 days after the first and second doses. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were compared with those of pregnant women, during the same period, who did not undergo vaccination.

Results

Among the 387 women who received the first dose and were followed up for 30 days, injection site pain, fatigue, injection site swelling, muscle ache, and headache were the most prevalent side effects. There were 4.7‐, 5.7‐, 7.1‐, and 9.3‐fold increases in fatigue, injection site swelling, muscle ache, and headache, respectively, among the 231 women who received the second dose. Most of the side effects resolved by 14 days and all resolved by 30 days after each doses. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in obstetrical and neonatal morbidity or mortality between the vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts.

Conclusion

No serious adverse reactions were noted among pregnant women receiving messenger RNA vaccinations with comparable obstetrical and neonatal outcomes to unvaccinated pregnant women.
Wide‐field Stokes polarimetric microscopy for second harmonic generation imaging
Authors: Uribe Castaño Leonardo , Mirsanaye Kamdin , Kontenis Lukas , Krouglov Serguei , Žurauskas Edvardas , Navab Roya , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Tsao Ming‐Sound , Akens Margarete K. , Wilson Brian C. , Barzda Virginijus
Published: January 2023

We employ wide‐field second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy together with nonlinear Stokes polarimetry for quick ultrastructural investigation of large sample areas (700 μm × 700 μm) in thin histology sections. The Stokes vector components for SHG are obtained from the polarimetric measurements with incident and outgoing linear and circular polarization states. The Stokes components are used to construct the images of polarimetric parameters and deduce the maps of ultrastructural parameters of achiral and chiral nonlinear susceptibility tensor components ratios and cylindrical axis orientation in fibrillar materials. The large area imaging was employed for lung tumor margin investigations. The imaging shows reduced SHG intensity, increased achiral susceptibility ratio values, and preferential orientation of collagen strands along the boarder of tumor margin. The wide‐field Stokes polarimetric SHG microscopy opens a possibility of quick large area imaging of ultrastructural parameters of tissue collagen, which can be used for nonlinear histopathology investigations.
Time Trends in Trajectories of Forearm Mineral Content and Bone Size during Childhood—Results from Cross‐Sectional Measurements with the Same Apparatus Four Decades Apart
Authors: Rosengren Björn E. , Karlsson Jessica , Bergman Erika , Ahlborg Henrik , Jehpsson Lars , Karlsson Magnus K.
Published: January 2023

Evidence suggests that single photon absorptiometry (SPA)‐measured forearm bone mineral density (BMD) is lower in contemporary children in Malmö than it was four decades ago, but the fracture incidence in the at‐risk population (all Malmö children) has been stable during the same period. The aim of this study was to evaluate if improvements in skeletal structure over time may explain this observation. In 2017–2018 we measured distal forearm bone mineral content (BMC; mg/cm) and periosteal diameter (mm) in 238 boys and 204 girls aged 7–15 using SPA. Based on the SPA measurements, we calculated forearm BMD (mg/cm2), bone mineral apparent density (BMAD, mg/cm3), section modulus, and strength index (BMAD × section modulus). The results were compared with those derived from measurements of 55 boys and 61 girls of the same ages using the same scanner in 1979–1981. We used log‐linear regression with age, sex, and cohort as predictors to investigate differences in trait trajectories (trait versus age slopes [mean percent difference in beta values (95% confidence interval)]). SPA‐measured forearm BMC was lower at each age in 2017–2018 compared to 1979–1981 (a mean age and sex adjusted relative difference of 9.1%), the forearm BMC trajectory was similar in 2017–2018 to that in 1979–1981 (reference) [0.0%/year (−1.0%, 1.0%)], while the 2017–2018 forearm periosteal diameter trajectory was steeper [1.1%/year (0.3%, 2.0%)]. Since bone size influences both BMD (BMC divided by scanned area) and mechanical characteristics, the forearm BMD trajectory was flatter in 2017–2018 [−1.1%/year (−2.0%, −0.2%)] and the forearm section modulus trajectory steeper [3.9%/year (1.4%, 6.4%)]. Forearm strength index trajectory was similar [1.8%/year (−0.5%, 4.1%)]. The lower SPA‐measured forearm BMD trajectory in contemporary children compared to four decades ago may be offset by changes in forearm bone structure, resulting in similar overall bone strength. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Oncologic resection of pancreatic cancer with isolated liver metastasis: Favorable outcomes in select patients
Authors: Nagai Minako , Wright Michael J. , Ding Ding , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Javed Ammar A. , Weiss Matthew J. , Hruban Ralph H. , Yu Jun , Burkhart Richard A. , He Jin , Cameron John L. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Burns William R.
Published: January 2023

Background

Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and liver metastasis are treated with palliative chemotherapy, whereas similar patients with metastatic colorectal cancer are considered for aggressive surgery.

Methods

Using an institutional database, PDAC patients undergoing liver resection for isolated metastasis were identified. Their overall survival (OS), treatment factors, and clinicopathological variables associated with survival were also evaluated.

Results

Forty‐seven patients underwent curative‐intent surgery for metastatic PDAC to the liver between 2000 and 2019. Median OS was 21.9 months from diagnosis. Fourteen patients underwent unplanned resection of radiographically occult liver metastasis during pancreatectomy with median OS of 8.7 months. On the other hand, 29 patients received systemic chemotherapy followed by planned resection; this cohort had the most favorable prognosis following aggressive surgery with median OS being 38.1 months from diagnosis and 24.1 months from surgery. Preoperative chemotherapy (HR = 7.1; p = .002) and moderate to well differentiation of the primary tumor (HR = 3.7; p = .003) were associated with prolonged survival in multivariate analysis, whereas lymph node metastases, response to preoperative therapy, number of liver metastasis, and extent of liver surgery were not.

Conclusions

In select patients with PDAC and isolated liver metastasis, curative‐intent surgery can result in meaningful survival. This aggressive approach seems most beneficial in patients following induction chemotherapy.
Direct foreign investment and intellectual property reform in the South
Authors: Kanwar Sunil , Sperlich Stefan
Published: January 2023

We study the association between intellectual property (IP) reform in developing countries and their foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows over 2004–2015, after their transition period under the World Trade Organization. Using conditional difference‐in‐differences estimation, we find unambiguous evidence that stronger IP rights spur FDI inflows. Further, this response is heterogenous across countries and time. Whereas the effect of a unit increase in IP protection on the percentage increase in
inflows remains about 0.50 for countries with small magnitudes of knowledge assets (roughly 15 ‘international patents’), it declines to about 0.25 for countries with larger knowledge capital (say, 5000 ‘international patents’). The results are robust to numerous robustness checks.
Detecting Early‐Stage Liver Fibrosis Using Macromolecular Proton Fraction Mapping Based on Spin‐Lock MRI: Preliminary Observations
Authors: Hou Jian , Wong Vincent W.‐S. , Qian Yurui , Jiang Baiyan , Chan Anthony W.‐H. , Leung Howard H.‐W. , Wong Grace L.‐H. , Yu Simon C.‐H. , Chu Winnie C.‐W. , Chen Weitian
Published: January 2023

Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) and T1rho maps for two representative patients with F0 and F2 stage fibrosis as confirmed by liver histology. (A) MPF maps from a patient with F0 stage fibrosis, (B) MPF maps from a patient with F2 stage fibrosis, (C) T1rho maps from the same patient with F0 stage fibrosis, and (D) T1rho maps from the same patient with F2 stage fibrosis. by Jian Hou et al. (485–492).

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Persistent effects of COVID‐19 in patients hospitalized during the first wave of the pandemic: The impact of persistent fatigue on quality of life in a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Skinner Joseph P. , Moran Lauren V.
Published: January 2023

COVID‐19 can affect physical and mental health long after acute infection. In this descriptive study, 48 individuals hospitalized for COVID‐19 between April and May 2020 were interviewed regarding their experience with COVID‐19 after hospitalization. The mean age of participants was 51.1 (±11.91) years (range 25–65 years) and 26 (54.2%) were men. Individuals had a mean of 1.2 (±0.94) comorbidities associated with more severe COVID‐19, with hypertension (37.5%) being most common. Nineteen (39.6%) individuals required treatment in the intensive care unit. Participants were interviewed a median time of 553 days (IQR, 405.5−589.0) after discharge from the hospital. Thirty‐seven (77.1%) individuals had 5 or more persistent symptoms at time of interview with only 3 (6.3%) experiencing none. The most reported persistent symptoms were fatigue (79.2%), difficulty breathing (68.8%), and muscle weakness (60.4%). Poor quality of life was experienced by 39 (81.3%) participants and 8 (16.7%) had a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) score within the clinical range for diagnosis. For multivariable analyses, persistent fatigue was significantly predicted by number of symptoms during acute COVID‐19 (t = 4.4, p < 0.001). Number of symptoms during acute COVID‐19 was also significantly associated with persistent dyspnea (t = 3.4, p = 0.002). Higher scores on the Chalder fatigue scale after COVID‐19 was significantly associated with poor quality of life (t = 2.6, p = 0.01) and PTSD symptomatology (t = 2.9, p = 0.008). More research is needed to highlight the wide range of resources those suffering from Long COVID require long after discharge.
Controls on methylmercury concentrations in lakes and streams of peatland‐rich catchments along a 1700 km permafrost gradient
Authors: Thompson Lauren M. , Kuhn McKenzie A. , Winder Johanna C. , Braga Lucas P. P. , Hutchins Ryan H. S. , Tanentzap Andrew J. , St. Louis Vincent L. , Olefeldt David
Published: January 2023

Permafrost thaw may increase the production of neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) in northern peatlands, but the downstream delivery of MeHg is uncertain. We quantified total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations in lakes and streams along a 1700 km permafrost transect in boreal western Canada to determine the influence of regional permafrost extent compared to local lake and catchment characteristics. In lakes, we assessed sediment microbial communities and modeled potential rates of water column photodemethylation (PD). Regardless of permafrost conditions, peatlands were the primary sources of MeHg across the transect as MeHg concentrations in streams increased with aromatic dissolved organic carbon (DOC), iron, and lower pH. Higher DOC and greater catchment peatland extent were further associated with higher stream %MeHg (MeHg/THg). Peatland lakes were potential MeHg sinks, with lower MeHg concentrations than streams (mean ± 1SD: 0.19 ± 0.23 and 0.47 ± 0.77 ng MeHg L−1, respectively), and larger stream catchments had lower %MeHg where PD may occur in abundant small lakes. Microbial communities in lake sediments showed that abundance of Hg reducing genes (merA) predominated over Hg methylating (hgcA) and MeHg demethylating (merB) genes. The effects of permafrost extent on MeHg processes in lakes were secondary to the influence of local catchment characteristics, but lakes in regions with less permafrost had higher DOC concentrations, higher %MeHg, and lower potential rates of PD. Our study highlights a need to understand the impacts of climate change on MeHg source and sink processes, particularly as mediated through changes to peatland DOC, to improve projections of future MeHg concentrations in northern catchments.
Some like it warm: How warm brands mitigate the negative effects of social exclusion
Authors: Kim Soyoung , Murray Kyle B. , Moore Sarah G.
Published: January 2023

Consumers' feelings of being excluded—which indicate a deficit in important social resources such as connection, acceptance, and support—have increased over the last 50 years. In this research, by adopting a resource‐based view of brands, we examine how and why brands play a role in socially excluded consumers' lives. Across a series of studies, we find that excluded consumers perceive warm (vs. less warm) brands as better relationship partners. Because of this, excluded consumers choose warm (vs. less warm) brands more often, and they feel less lonely as a result. We also test the role of brand warmth relative to brand competence and to individual differences in self‐acceptance. We find that excluded consumers' preferences for warm brands persist even when the warm brands are low in competence and even when consumers possess high self‐acceptance. This research reveals the relational, resource‐restorative role of warm brands and provides implications for consumers' coping and emotional well‐being in our increasingly isolated society.
A sulfur‐33 nuclear quadrupole resonance study of 33S2‐labeled L‐cystine
Authors: Yamada Kazuhiko , Masuda Yuichi
Published: January 2023

The sulfur electric‐field‐gradient tensor for a disulfide bond in 33S2‐labeled L‐cystine has been investigated by 33S nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). 33S2‐labeled L‐cystine is synthesized by introduction of disulfide ions prepared from elemental 33S‐sulfur into an amino acid derivative, the side chain of which is iodinated. In its NQR spectrum, sharp single peaks are observed at between 24.63 and 24.90 MHz in the temperature range from 80 to 298 K. The two‐dimensional nutation echo 33S NQR experiment is carried out at 160 K, and the quadrupole coupling constant, CQ, and the asymmetric parameter, ηQ, are obtained to be 46.9(9) MHz and 0.6(1), respectively. The calculated 33S electric‐field‐gradient tensor components with respect to the molecular frame is briefly discussed.
ID Asks/Ron Mertens and Roni Peleg
Authors: Peruvemba Sri
Published: January 2023

Intrepid entrepreneurs serving the global display industry
Poststocking Survival and Myxospore Evaluation of Whirling Disease-Resistant Rainbow Trout Strains
Authors: Erickson Tyler A. , Schisler George J. , Fetherman Eric R.
Published: January 2023

The ensuing spread of whirling disease following its initial introduction in the United States in the late 1950s caused drastic declines in populations of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The German Rainbow (GR) strain has strong resistance to Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite causing whirling disease, but also has an extensive history as a domesticated food-production fish, resulting in traits that are presumed to be maladaptive for survival in the wild. The wild Harrison Lake Rainbow (HAR) strain exhibits reduced infection severity compared with other wild Rainbow Trout strains, but resistance is lower than the GR strain and was considered insufficient to meet management goals. Prior research suggests that crosses of GR with susceptible strains create offspring with Myxobolus cerebralis resistance and survival rates intermediate to the parental strains in lotic environments, but analysis on lentic environments with larger predators has been limited. We evaluated survival rates and infection severities of fingerling Rainbow Trout stocked into a lentic environment from four different strains with theoretically varying resistances to Myxobolus cerebralis: GR, HAR, and an F1 [GR × HAR(50:50)] and F2 [GR × HAR(75:25)] crossed strain between the GR and HAR strains. Using Seber dead-recovery models, we found that both the HAR and GR × HAR(50:50) strains had the highest survival rate, followed sequentially by the GR × HAR(75:25) and GR. Whirling disease resistance, as estimated from infection probability and severity, increased with increasing GR strain genetic background. To reduce spore loads and increase resistance in managed Rainbow Trout populations, we suggest stocking strains like the GR × HAR(50:50) that have respectable whirling disease resistance and high survival rates, enabling wild recruitment with increased cost-efficiency of stocking.