bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Term imitatio in Authentical and Modern Terminology
Authors: Москвина Ю.В.
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена истории возникновения и существования различных смысловых оттенков ренессансного понятия «imitatio» (и его более поздних аналогов) в отношении техники музыкальной композиции. Специальному рассмотрению подвергается проблема сходства и различия в толковании понятий «фуга» и «имитация» в теоретических трудах XV – XIX веков. Также в статье освещается дискуссионный вопрос соотношения терминов «пародия» и «imitatio» в значении тематического заимствования в музыке XVI – XVII веков и обсуждается проблема перевода английского термина «imitation mass» на русский язык.

The article deals with the history of using the renaissance term imitatio (and its further analogues) towards the techniques of musical composition. A special consideration is given to the problem of similarities and differences in interpretation of the concepts fuga and imitation in theoretical works of the 15th – 19th centuries. The article also highlights the controversial issue of the relationship between the terms parody and imitatioin the sense of thematic borrowing in music of the 16th – 17th centuries and discusses the problem of translating the English term imitation massinto Russian.
The Golden Age of Danish Culture. Aesthetics and Poetics of Art
Authors: Белянский Д.В.
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена Золотому веку культуры Дании (1800 – 1850 годы). В настоящей публикации впервые в российском искусствоведении предпринята попытка составить целостное представление о Золотом веке как об эпохе; обобщаются эстетические и мировоззренческие основы, проявившиеся в музыке, литературе, изобразительных искусствах Дании первой половины XIX века; исследуется своеобразие искусства Золотого века, сформировавшегося в уникальном сочетании черт романтизма, классицизма и бидермайера.

The article is devoted to the Golden Age of Danish culture (1800 – 1850). This publication for the first time in Russian art history represents an attempt to form a holistic view of the Golden Age as an era; generalizes the aesthetic and worldview foundations manifested in music, literature, and visual arts of Denmark in the first half of the 19th century; investigates the originality of the art of the Golden Age formed in a unique combination of features of romanticism, classicism and Biedermeier.
Alban Berg’s Kammerkonzert: between a Game, a Pamphlet and an Offering
Authors: Векслер Ю.С.
Published: July 2022

Камерный концерт Альбана Берга, написанный к 50-летию Арнольда Шёнберга и 20-летию Новой венской школы, рассматривается в контексте культурной ситуации 1920‑х годов, которая определяется как внешними, так и внутренними факторами: новая фаза взаимоотношений Берга с учителем, утверждение неоклассицизма и антиромантических тенденций в европейской музыке, необходимость освоения разработанного Шёнбергом метода композиции при помощи двенадцати тонов. Соединяя в себе модусы приношения, памфлета и игры, Концерт вписывается в актуальную культурную ситуацию 1920-х — и в то же время полемизирует с ней. Будучи важнейшей вехой в творчестве Берга после «Воццека», Концерт во многом определяет композиторскую эволюцию его автора в последующие годы.

Alban Berg’s Kammerkonzert, composed in honor of Arnold Schoenberg’s and the New Viennese School’s 50th and 20thanniversaries respectively, is viewed in the context of the cultural situation of the 1920s. The latter is determined by both external and internal factors, such as: the new phase of Berg’s relationship with his teacher, the assertion of neoclassicism and anti-Romanticism in the European music, as well as the need to learn Schoenberg’s method of composition with twelve tones. Combining the modes of an offering, a pamphlet and a game, the Concerto fits into the cultural situation topical for the 1920s and, at the same time, argues with it. The most important milestone in Berg’s oeuvre after Wozzeck, the Concerto largely determines the composer’s evolution during subsequent years.
NIR Validation and Calibration of Van Soest cell wall constituents (ADF, NDF, and ADL) of Available Corn Silage in Bangladesh
Authors:   Establishment of Quality Control Laboratory for Livestock Production Inputs and it’s Food Products, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh, Debnath Manika , Sayeed Abu ,   Establishment of Quality Control Laboratory for Livestock Production Inputs and it’s Food Products, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh, Hannan Abdul ,   Establishment of Quality Control Laboratory for Livestock Production Inputs and it’s Food Products, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh, Ayele Abrham ,   University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Bangladesh
Published: July 2022

This study was undertaken at the Feed Quality Control Laboratory, DLS, Savar, Dhaka, to calibrate and validate corn silage nutritional parameters- Van Soest cell wall constituents (ADF, NDF, and ADL) in the Near-infrared Spectrophotometer (Bruker-MPA, Germany) systems monochromator (700- 9500 nm) range was used for the rapid analysis of available corn silage. Almost 52 samples were analyzed at the QC lab wet chemistry laboratory to know the available nutrients. In the 2nd part of this study, developed local calibration equations in the NIRS using OPUS (Optical User Software) to relate the spectral data and corresponding wet chemistry values. A Quartz sample cup was used to hold the sample on the Infrared light scanner and used XPM was MPAII sphere macrosample_64_rotating_Res16-DLS.XPM. Fresh samples were dried and ground through 2mm screen for the analysis. The value for each component was placed into the calibration group for NIRS equation development. After calibration in NIR, the root means a square error of estimation (RMSEE) for the determination of ADF%, ADL%, and NDF%, were, 1.56, 0.47, and 1.15, with the correlation coefficient (r2) of 93.31, 95.43, and 97.86 respectively which are very close to the mean laboratory values. Whereas after cross-validation, RMSECV (Root Mean Square Error Cross-Validation) were 1.97, 0.598, and 1.55, along with the r2 values 87.02%, 90.23%, and 95.32%, respectively. The accuracy% of the predicted values in NIRS was between 98.94-100.16% which are very close to the mean laboratory values. It can be concluded that NIR could be a potential instrument to predict the nutritional quality of corn silage in Bangladesh.
Understanding Nonlinear Composition Dependency of Enantioselectivity in Chiral Separation Using Mixed Micelle
Authors: Suzuki Nozomu
Published: July 2022

Hypothesis: Mixtures of chiral and achiral building blocks of supramolecules exhibit interesting cooperative phenomena, indicat-ed by the nonlinear composition dependence of the chiral properties. However, the nonlinear composition depend-ence of the enantioselectivity of mixed micelles is not well understood. It was hypothesized that in-depth understand-ing can be achieved by carefully investigating the composition dependence of the properties. Experiments: In this work, the nonlinear composition dependence of the enantioselectivity was found for the mixed micelle of achi-ral and chiral N-acyl amino acids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Capillary electrophoresis, circu-lar dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, surface tension measurement, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to investi-gate the mechanisms. Findings: Four mechanisms that could be causing the nonlinearity were investigated: (i) synergistic and antagonistic interac-tions of the surfactants; (ii) the chiral transfer from chiral to achiral surfactant; (iii) differences in the retention factor; and (iv) cooperative chiral recognition of the chiral and achiral surfactant. The investigation of the composition de-pendency of critical micelle concentration (CMC) and molar circular dichroism revealed that the effect of (i) and (ii) was negligibly small. The newly derived equations for (iii) and (iv) revealed that (iii) and (iv) have a major or medi-um effect on the nonlinear enantioselectivity.
Analysis of Abietane-Type Diterpenoids from Baltic Amber Samples
Authors: Ambrose Elizabeth , McDermott Connor , Flanders Parker
Published: July 2022

An urgent need exists for novel therapeutics to combat antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, but identification of new drug scaffolds for this purpose remains a challenge. Fossilized material is an emerging source of new chemical matter for drug development. Variations in metabolites produced by extinct species, as well as biotransformations occurring during fossilization, may yield new starting points for therapeutics residing in underexplored chemical space. A promising source of such paleopharmaceuticals is Baltic amber, a fossilized plant resin chiefly produced by extinct pines of the family Sciadopityaceae, and found in the Baltic countries of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Amber has found use in Baltic ethnopharmacology for centuries; however, a systematic and quantitative identification of amber’s bioactive constituents is yet to be reported. Here we present optimized extraction protocols and preliminary GC-MS analyses of Baltic amber samples collected from central Lithuania, as well as comparative analyses of an extant Sciadopitys species: S. verticillata, the Japanese umbrella pine. These experiments revealed the presence of a wide variety of abietane-type diterpenoids unique to the fossilized material, which is of interest given the reported antibacterial, antitumor and antifungal potencies of abietates and related analogs. Three abietates were subsequently confirmed to be selectively active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Our results support the prioritization of novel abietanes in anti-infective drug design campaigns, and also point to fossilized material as an untapped source of previously uninvestigated natural product-based therapeutic analogs.
Activity Enhancement of Defective Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Ammonia Generation by Modification with Pyrite
Authors: Zander Judith , Timm Jana , Weiss Morten , Marschall Roland
Published: July 2022

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions is currently widely explored in an attempt to develop a sustainable alternative for the Haber-Bosch process. In this work we combine defect-rich C3N4, one of the most investigated photocatalysts reported in literature for ammonia generation, with earth-abundant and bioinspired FeS2 to improve the activity for ammonia production. By this combination, an activity enhancement of approx. 400 % compared to unmodified C3N4 was achieved. The optimal FeS2 loading was established to be 1 wt.%, with ammonia yields of up to 800 µg L-1 after irradiation for 7 hours. By detailed material characterization of the electronic and material properties of the composites before and after the photocatalytic reaction, we reveal that NH3 generation occurs not photocatalytically from N2, but via a light-induced reduction of =N-CN groups adjacent to nitrogen vacancies in the structure of defect-rich C3N4. FeS2 acts similar to a co-catalyst, enhancing the ammonia yield by π-back-donation from Fe-centers to the imine nitrogen of the defect-rich C3N4, thereby activating the structure and boosting the ammonia generation from cyano groups.
Atomistic insights into activation and degradation of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 ẟ electrocatalysts under oxygen evolution conditions
Authors: Weber Moritz Lukas , Lole Gaurav , Kormanyos Attila , Schwiers Alexander , Heymann Lisa , Speck Florian , Meyer Tobias , Dittmann Regina , Cherevko Serhiy , Jooss Christian , Baeumer Christoph , Gunkel Felix
Published: July 2022

The stability of perovskite oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a critical role for their applicability in water splitting concepts. Decomposition of perovskite oxides under applied potential is typically linked to cation leaching and amorphization of the material. However, structural changes and phase transformations at the catalyst surface were also shown to govern the activity of several perovskite electro-catalysts under applied potential. Hence, it is crucial for the rational design of durable perovskite catalysts to understand the interplay between the formation of active surface phases and stability limitations under OER conditions. In the present study, we reveal a surface-dominated activation and deactivation mechanism of the prominent electrocatalyst La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-ẟ under steady-state OER conditions. Using a multi-scale micros-copy and spectroscopy approach, we identify evolving Co-oxyhydroxide as catalytically active surface species and La-hydroxide as inactive species involved in the transient degradation behavior of the catalyst. While the leaching of Sr results in the formation of mixed surface phases, that can be considered as a part of the active surface, the gradual depletion of Co from a self-assembled active CoO(OH) phase and the relative enrichment of passivating La(OH)3 at the electrode surface results in the failure of the perovskite catalyst under applied potential.
TECHNOLOGIES OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TRADITIONAL ARTISTIC CRAFTS
Authors: Чиж Роман Николаевич
Published: July 2022

Проанализированы технологии обучения иностранным языкам в вузе традиционных художественных промыслов. На примере студентов бакалавриата направления подготовки 54.03.02 «Декоративно-прикладное искусство и народные промыслы» рассмотрены особенности и структура каждой технологии обучения иностранным языкам. Подробно описана обусловленность использования той или иной формы работы на занятиях по английскому и немецкому языкам со студентами - будущими художниками, изучающими традиционные художественные промыслы России. Проанализированы особенности лингвообучения в вузе традиционных художественных промыслов.

The article analyzes the technologies of teaching foreign languages at the university of traditional artistic crafts. On the example of bachelor students of the training direction 54.03.02 «Decorative and applied arts and crafts», the features and structure of each technology of teaching foreign languages are considered. The article describes in detail the conditionality of using one or another form of work in classes in English and German with students-future artists studying traditional crafts of Russia: artistic lace making, embroidery, lacquer miniature painting, jewelry and bone-cutting art, decorative painting on metal and wood. The features of linguistic training in the university of traditional artistic crafts are analyzed.
DIFFICULTIES OF TEACHING THE CHINESE LANGUAGE AT JUNIOR COURSES OF RUSSIAN HUMANITARIAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Ли Шулунь
Published: July 2022

В рамках данной работы рассмотрены проблемы изучения китайского языка русскими студентами на начальном этапе. В результате изучения теоретической литературы и практического опыта преподавания китайского языка были выделены основные трудности, связанные с лингвистическими, грамматическими, фонетическими и культурными особенностями древнего восточного языка. Результаты исследования показали, что немаловажную роль на начальном этапе обучения играет мотивация студентов к обучению. Это подтверждается практическим исследованием, проведенным на базе Тихоокеанского государственного университета.

Within the framework of this work, the problems of learning Chinese by Russian students at the initial stage are considered. As a result of studying the theoretical literature and practical experience in teaching Chinese, the main difficulties associated with the linguistic, grammatical, phonetic and cultural features of the ancient oriental language were identified. The results of the study showed that an important role at the initial stage of education is played by the motivation of students to study. This is confirmed by a practical study conducted at the Pacific State University.
Has Bank Consolidation Changed People’s Access to a Full-Service Bank Branch?
Authors: Fee Kyle D. , Tiersten-Nyman Erik S.
Published: July 2022

Consolidation — the combining of banking institutions via mergers and acquisitions — became widespread in the 1980s and continued into the 1990s and 2000s as regulatory changes permitted banks to operate in multiple states and technology enabled banking institutions to provide services at lower costs (Rhoades, 1996; Adams, 2012; Wheelock, 2011). While the benefits of consolidating are clear for an institution, the benefits (and costs) for the consumer are less clear, especially as media headlines often associate consolidation with the closing of bank branches.
Ukraine’s weak response with reference to the implementation of the Association Agreement between 2015 and 2019: the corruption factor
Authors: Vovchuk Liudmyla , Belinska Tetiana
Published: July 2022

This research is called to explain the weak reaction of the Government of Ukraine to the implementation of the Association Agreement terms during 2015-2019, namely through the prism of the high level of corruption in the country. Since the proclamation of Ukraine's independence, one of the important directions of its foreign policy has been cooperation with the European Union. A new stage in the relations between the parties was the signing in 2014 of a highly important document of the Association Agreement, establishing a new level of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU. According to the document, Ukraine had committed itself to fulfill several important conditions that would contribute to further intensification of cooperation with the EU. These include the ones reforming the political, economic, social, and environmental spheres. Despite a number of actions taken, Ukraine is still slow to meet its obligations under the Agreement, especially in the spheres of education, training and youth, transportation, transport infrastructure, postal and courier services, public procurement, the environment, and civil protection. One of the reasons for this is the high level of in-country corruption.
中国煤矿区域性瓦斯治理技术的发展
Authors: 晓磊 马 , 贺林 吴
Published: July 2022

近些年来，随着中国的不断发展，对自然资源的需求也越来越高。针对这一情况，就需要相关煤炭企业不断提升自身的开采技术。在进行开采的过程中，瓦斯治理是十分重要的一步，若其中处理不当，极有可能导致危险事故的发生。这就需要相关技术人员进行深入的研究，不断完善煤矿区域性瓦斯治理技术，推动其发展进程，保证开采工作能够安全、顺利地进行。
生产方式对川南苗族传统聚落空间布局与建筑的影响研 究——以中国木格倒村为例
Authors: 晴 马
Published: July 2022

中国川南地区拥有丰富的自然景观与独特的人文资源，传统村落作为其民俗文化与地域文化的集中体现，具有极高的保护与研究价值。川南地区自古为各民族混居，苗族是其中十分有代表性的民族，其独特文化与生产关系对其聚居形式产生了一定的影响。论文选取川南叙永地区木格倒苗族村落作为研究对象，将生产关系对乡村聚落及建筑单体的影响作为主要研究内容，通过查阅文献、问卷调查、访谈、实地调研、测绘等形式进行分析研究，以期为探究传统乡村聚落的发展提供新的思路。
高电压电网继电保护可靠性研究
Authors: 亮 亓 , 亚鹏 张 , 帆 丁 , 恩阳 王
Published: July 2022

电力系统的可靠性和安全性问题在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。近年来，随着中国经济的和电力系统的迅速发展，计算机技术、通信技术、自动控制技术、继电保护技术都在不断地发展，使电力系统具有了崭新的特点。网络、智能、安全、控制和数据通信，成为今后的发展趋势。随着继电技术的不断发展，需要对其可靠性进行深入的研究。为此，论文对高压输电线路中的继电保护进行了可靠性分析，为今后的工作提供了一定的借鉴。
装配式地铁车站免开孔机电设备快速安装施工技术
Authors: 维臣 王 , 海洋 郭
Published: July 2022

地铁车站内设备安装进行设备固定常用胀锚螺栓或地脚螺栓固定。采用以上两种方法进行设备固定容易造成返工、破坏建筑结构，时间过长影响设备运行安全性同时也浪费材料、人力等。目前中国对机电设备安装已进行了一些研究。例如，朱刚、党晓鹏、缪亚军、阳策文、席润福等对机电设备安装都有过研究，但都未对预制构件预留嵌缝槽方面进行统筹研究。如何合理优化施工方法，创造更好的经济效益，是我们一直要思考的问题。论文以长春某装配式地铁车站工程为背景，通过预留、预埋嵌缝槽，配合“T”型螺栓对嵌缝槽和设备进行固定。此技术不但施工安全，而且存在速度快、免打孔、预埋精度误差小以及连接紧固等特点。
建筑施工技术创新探索
Authors: 锡良 朱
Published: July 2022

在现阶段社会的发展过程中，随着城市化进程的不断加快，社会对于建筑的需求就不断提升，不仅在规模方面提出了更高的要求，还对建筑质量有新的规定，这就对建筑事业的发展造成了很大的压力。在此背景下，传统的建筑施工技术已经难以满足社会发展的需要，所以在实际的发展过程中，就需要相关人员对建筑施工技术进行创新。然而，创新具有很强的技术性和复杂性，难度较大，论文就从建筑施工入手，浅谈其创新的探索。
深基坑支护施工技术在土建施工中应用的探究
Authors: 建波 梁
Published: July 2022

随着时代和社会的发展，对建筑施工质量保证的要求越来越高。提高土建施工效率，满足施工要求已成为建筑领域的热点问题。论文通过分析深基坑支护技术的特点，以促进中国建筑技术的不断发展，提高工程质量和企业经济效益，保证建筑工程性能的提高，满足时代的建设需要，论述了支护施工技术在土木工程中的应用，为今后的施工打下了良好的基础，帮助人们注意科学的方法和管理策略，了解深基坑支护技术在施工中的应用。
论住宅工程中装配式建筑施工技术
Authors: 震 刘
Published: July 2022

在经济与社会发展的推动下，中国的住宅数量大幅度上升。常规性的住宅建筑施工过程中，装配式建筑施工能够有效解决住宅外部噪声污染的问题，并且还能有效处理关于环境方面的污染问题。同时，还能在装修过程中降低施工材料方面造成的污染，保障周围的环境，因此现阶段市场内部的装配式建筑在市场中的影响相对较大。但是在实际发展中，装配式施工过程中仍存在比较多的问题，所以在具体的施工过程中，应结合实际情况不断完善装配式施工技术，并做好管理方面的工作。基于此，论文主要针对装配式建筑施工阶段的优势以及所存在的问题进行分析，为中国装配式施工技术的不断深化发展奠定良好的基础。
拉格朗日有限差分法的强度折减理论在抗滑移桩锚支护边 坡中的失稳判据讨论
Authors: 会 郑
Published: July 2022

运用拉格朗日有限差分法考虑支护结构强度折减的折减理论，通过FLAC 3D软件对抗滑移桩锚支护结构的边坡稳定性破坏进行模拟分析。分别依据计算的收敛性、特征部位位移突变性和塑性区贯通等3种失稳判据，得出算例边坡安全系数，并与简化Bishop法、瑞典圆弧法以及Spencer法技术结果进行比较分析。计算结果表明，在抗滑移桩锚支护边坡稳定性分析中可采用联合特征部位位移突变和塑性区贯通作为失稳判据。
市政工程施工质量的影响因素及质量控制
Authors: 忠成 邹
Published: July 2022

随着科学技术的不断发展，中国对于市政工程项目尤为重视，市场工程建设意味着中国经济能力的象征，它是中国建设发展的重要组成内容，所以市场工程的安全在市政工程施工中是极其受关注的。论文阐述关于对市政工程建设项目质量把控的认识，研究了市政工程项目实施的质量管理和安全控制问题以及加强城市建设项目施工质量管理的有效手段，供有关人员进行借鉴。
中心城区建筑风貌专项规划设计研究——以中国四川省资 阳市为例
Authors: 羽纶 熊
Published: July 2022

建筑风貌专项性规划是城市规划工作中与建筑设计领域关系最为密切的一部分，建筑是一个国家和民族文化符号的重要载体。建筑风貌专项性规划研究主要从建筑的高度、建筑的风貌控制和历史文化建筑的保留等方面进行规划研究，制定符合政策的规划策略，为城市建设添砖加瓦。
浅谈市政工程涉及 10kV 配网工程施工管理及质量控制
Authors: 勇 戴
Published: July 2022

随着当前中国经济水平的提升，城市建设规模的不断扩大，使得国家配电工程也得以稳定发展。在这其中10kV配网工程就是其中非常重要的组成，直接影响人们的生活质量。因此，就应该加强对10kV配网工程的管理和控制，论文就从10kV配网工程管理重要性入手，然后分析其中存在的问题，提出相应管理和质量控制对策，为相关研究人员提供参考。
高支模施工技术在房建土建工程中的应用研究
Authors: 代斌 晁
Published: July 2022

高支模法是一种新兴的工程技术，它可以有效地提高房屋建筑工程的施工质量，并大大地提高工程建设的效益。由于高支模的施工工艺技术复杂，又易受外部环境影响，使其难以进行。所以，要确保高支模的工程技术运用，必须对其存在的问题进行分析，并全面把握其技术关键，并结合工程的相关技术要求，严格执行工程质量管理，确保房建、土建工程的各个施工环节都能有序、稳定的进行，提升高支模施工的效益。
EPC 工程总承包管理存在的问题与对策
Authors: 帅 杨 , 如伟 缪
Published: July 2022

近年来，随着中国城市建设市场施工总承包模式的推行，业主与承包商争夺设计控制权的现象屡见不鲜。究其原因，是EPC工程总承包的管理存在一定的问题。因此，论文以EPC工程总承包管理目前存在的问题作为切入点，对材料设备，施工人才与质量控制体系，项目管理体系、形式以及财务风险问题进行研究分析，提出相应的几点解决措施，以期为行业相关人员提供理论参考。
关于中国上海市生态河道建设问题探讨
Authors: 玉北 朱
Published: July 2022

经过多年努力，中国上海水环境有了很大改善，全市大江大河主干流和各区主要河流、断面的水质有了很大改变，为下一步水环境治理奠定了坚实的基础。在治理过程中，发现遗留问题，特别是部分郊区和城乡结合部中小河道水环境问题突出，当地政府坚持源头治理、水岸联动、区镇联动，全面启动水环境提升治理攻坚战。
建筑工程施工安全监理的风险管理与防范措施
Authors: 松 薛
Published: July 2022

建筑工程行业一直是中国的主体经济支柱，在建筑工程施工过程当中，其安全性是不容忽视的，这不仅关乎整个项目工程的施工质量和效率，同时也会对整个施工项目进度产生相应的影响。为避免重大安全事故发生，必须对现阶段建筑工程施工安全监理工作进行探究和分析，从而提高施工安全水平，保障安全质量，故论文从建筑施工安全监理出发，概述施工安全监理内容及其在建筑施工当中的重要性，分析安全监理中风险管理与防范的要点。
市政污水管网建设中的质量通病及防治对策
Authors: 锦文 黄
Published: July 2022

市政污水管网是市政管网中非常重要的一部分，是城市公共基础设施中的重要组成，是维护城市环境，保障城市正常运转的重要基础设施，加强与完善市政污水管网建设具有重要意义。论文运用调查法、文献法等对市政污水管网建设中的质量通病进行分析，并就如何防治质量问题，提高市政污水管网建设质量展开探究，提出些许建议，以供借鉴参考。
测绘工程中特殊地形测绘方法探讨
Authors: 添钊 张
Published: July 2022

由于自然环境呈现出复杂性的特点，给测绘工程造成了较大难度，尤其是在遇到特殊地形时，不仅会对测绘工作效率和质量产生影响，而且可能造成一定的安全威胁。传统测绘技术无法满足特殊地形中的测绘工作要求，因此应该做好技术创新，了解不同地形条件下的测绘要点及要求，获得更加可靠的测绘成果，为工程建设和土地资源管理等提供依据。论文对测绘工程中特殊地形测绘的基本情况加以分析，探索测绘工程中特殊地形测绘技术的应用要点，以不同特殊地形为基础分析测绘方法的具体应用措施。
关于水利工程招投标管理的存在问题和改进对策
Authors: 鹏举 吴
Published: July 2022

现阶段，中国水利工程事业日益发展，这对水利工程建设与管理也提出较高要求，而招投标作为水利工程建设重要环节，强化招标与投标管理对推动水利工程建设具有重要作用。但从当前中国水利工程招投标管理实际情况看，还存在诸多问题，如招标管理体制混乱，缺乏对投标人的资格审查及监督等，对此，论文通过详细分析后提出了具体改进对策，以期更好的助力水利工程建设与发展。
Journey through Colombian Co-Teaching Experiences
Authors: Pérez Francisco , Pérez Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Co-teaching is defined as a collaborative method of instruction (Murawski & Hughes, 2009), which implies co-teaching partnerships where educators make and effort in terms of joint instructional decisions and share responsibility as well as accountability for student learning (Shumway et all., 2011). This working paper is intended to illustrate the state-of-the-art concerning the implementation of co-teaching in EFL settings in Colombia over the last two decades. This manuscript is based on documentary research, in which primary source data were collected from data bases, university repositories, journals, and official reports.  As an outcome, we expect to unveil co-teaching strategies, co-teachers' roles as well as collaborative teaching benefits in EFL in general, and foreign language student-teachers’ education, in particular.
Teaching Lesson Planning to EFL Preservice Teachers: A Review of Studies
Authors: Romero Molina Paola Ximena
Published: July 2022

Preparing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) preservice teachers for lesson planning has a been a concern among teacher educators globally. Research has shown that preservice teachers encounter difficulties in aspects such as objective setting, considering their learners’ needs, and matching assessment and objectives, among others. Similarly, preservice teachers still need to be presented with ample opportunities for reflective teaching. These concerns have been addressed by teacher educators in systematic ways. Hence, guided by two sets of research questions, this literature review aims at exploring the procedures that educators in diverse contexts have used to aid their student teachers in preparing for lesson planning. The first set seeks to identify the procedures used as well as their outcomes. The second set of questions aims to inquire on the methodologies adopted. Twelve studies were selected for the final review, which were found using the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) and Google scholar databases as well as the academia.edu platform. A matrix was created to analyze the papers selected together with a coding process. The analysis revealed that collaborative procedures such as mentoring and lesson study combined with reflective teaching seem to render optimal learning experiences for preservice teachers. A special mention is given to plan lessons using authentic materials. Furthermore, types of methodologies that promote rich description such as case studies appear to be appropriate to frame these studies.
Cannabis’s Link to Schizotypy: Phenomenon, Measurement Bias, or Delusion?
Authors: Altman Brianna , Earleywine Mitch , Mian Maha , Dalal Dev
Published: July 2022

Links between cannabis use and psychosis generate research and media attention. Cannabis users have outscored non-users on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) in multiple studies, but previous work suggests that groups do not differ if biased items are removed. The present study examined links between schizotypal personality and cannabis use in a large sample recruited from Amazon’s MTurk platform (N = 705). Over 500 participants reported lifetime cannabis exposure. Of those, 259 participants reported current cannabis use, and on average, used 4.53 days per week. Users and non-users failed to differ significantly on total SPQ-B scores or any of the three established subscales. The null results inspired a re-examination of the SPQ-B’s factor structure, which identified a novel 3-factor solution (difficulty opening up to others, hyperawareness, and odd or unusual behavior). Only the “odd or unusual behavior” factor showed cannabis-related differences, but a differential item functioning test revealed that one subscale item showed potential bias against users. Removing this item diminished group differences. These results suggest that links between schizotypy and cannabis use require cautious interpretation with careful attention to potential measurement bias. In addition, the SPQ-B might have an alternative factor structure that could help answer important questions in psychopathology.
MEMORABLE TOURISM EXPERIENCES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION
Authors: Kumar R. Satheesh , S.J Ajith Kumar , Shirlvin Nigli Keith ,  Dabral Paritosh , Rawath Sushma
Published: July 2022

Experiences form a major role for a tourist to decide whether he/she has to take up tourism activities for a particular destination. These experiences can be a positive one or a negative one. This research study was conducted to identify the factors of memorable tourism experience of travelers and its relationship with behavioral intention. The present study has thrown the light on know how people choose the particular destination based on their experiences and what is their behaviour towards the experience recorded. The main focus was to extract factors of memorable experiences and behaviour intentions of tourists all over the world and to find out whether experience really has some impact on the travelers behaviour.
Potential Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste in Landfill Mining TPST Bantargebang Bekasi to Become Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Feed Stock
Authors: Resmianty Teti , Fauzi Anas Miftah , Hartulistiyoso Edy , Pertiwi Setyo
Published: July 2022

Bantargebang Integrated Waste Management Site (TPST) is a final waste processing site that accommodates waste from the DKI Jakarta Province. Most of the waste that enters the Bantargebang TPST is piled up at the dumping point in each zone, so this can lead to a new problem, namely the filling of all existing stockpile zones. One of the technologies that can be used to solve the problem of full landfill zones. One technology to overcome this problem is landfill mining. The results of the study related to landfill mining at the Bantargebang TPST were carried out to determine the potential for utilizing landfill mining waste to become RDF feed stock. Based on the study of the composition of landfill mining results carried out, the waste to be used as raw material for RDF is waste with a diameter > 50 mm and which has a high calorific value.
Characteristics of Soil Hydraulic Conductivity in Natural Forest, Agricultural Land, and Green Open Space Area
Authors: Yayat Hidayat  , Wahyu Purwakusuma  , Enni Dwi Wahjunie  , Dwi Putro Tejo Baskoro  , Latief Mahir Rachman  , Yusuf Sri Malahayati , Ratu Maulida Adawiyah  , Imam Syaepudin  , M. Mukmin R. Siregar  , Dien Ayuni Isnaini
Published: July 2022

Soil hydraulic conductivity is one of the important soil characteristics that determines the amount and proportion of water that will be infiltrated into the soil column and flowing as surface runoff. It is strongly influenced by soil porosity and soil characteristics that affect the soil porosity such as soil texture and structure and soil organic matter content (internally factors) as well as land management and the intensity of plant canopy cover (external factors). This research is aimed to identify the character of soil hydraulics conductivity in different landuse that consist of forest, agricultural land (moor land, cacao plantations, intensive and conservation annual crops), and green open space areas. The results showed that: a) forest conversion into agricultural land led to the decline of soil quality such as decreased levels of soil organic matter, soil porosity and distribution of soil pores so that the conversion of forest land into agricultural land decreases the soil hydraulic conductivity of both for the initial value and saturated hydraulic conductivity; b) forets canopy cover density affects the soil quality and soil hydraulics conductivity, where high canopy cover has the higher value of soil hydraulics conductivity compared to medium and low canopy forest; c) Situgede tourism forest has the lowest soil hydraulics conductivity compared to other forest types; d) soil hydraulics conductivity in conservation annual crops is higher than intensive annual crops land and Situgede tourism forest and it’s not significantly different from the soil hydraulics conductivity in low canopy forest; and e) soil hydraulics conductivity in green open spaces area were strongly determined by the naturalness of landscape and human intervention level on its formation and management, where the UI city forest and Lembah Gurame city park which were function as ecotourism areas has the lower soil hydraulics conductivity compared to great forest park.
Gaining Aquaculture Blue Growth with Low Carbon Emission Shrimp Farming Technology
Authors: Rifqi Muhammad , Widigdo Bambang , Mashar Ali , Nazar Fitrina , Prihutomo Anggoro , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: July 2022

Carbon emissions and their relation to shrimp farming activities getting more attention by researchers and environmentalists. Emissions of carbon and other greenhouse gases are concluded as drivers of climate change due to global warming. On the contrary, climate change is proven to determine the continuity and sustainability of shrimp farming activities. The dynamics of carbon and profitability are different for the three cultivation technologies (extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive), it caused by differences in the number and types of production inputs, and facilities and infrastructure, and also differences in productivity. This study aims to formulate the blue growth of aquaculture areas in the coastal area of Karawang Regency-West Java related to carbon emission within the DPSIR framework and use trade off analyses to obtain shrimp farming technologies alternative that are low in carbon emissions. Our conclusion to be able to reduce the carbon emissions, and increase the carbon sequestration and stock as effort for shrimp farming blue growth through optimize the spatial use supervision and increase the productivity of shrimp farming. The lowest carbon emission of shrimp farming technology are semi-intensive, intensive and extensive, respectively
Dampak Pekerja Migran Ilegal Terhadap Meningkatnya Kasus Human Trafficking Di Pulau Lombok
Authors: Ukhrowi Lalu Maulana
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis meningkatnya kasus human trafficking di Pulau Lombok sebagai dampak dari masih banyaknya masyarakat Lombok yang menjadi pekerja migran ilegal. Kasus human trafficking di Pulau Lombok merupakan salah satu kajian isu keamanan nasional sejak awal abad ke-20. Inti dari permasalahan ini adalah terjadinya kasus human trafficking yang masih meningkat hingga akhir tahun 2019 sebagai dampak dari banyaknya masyarakat Lombok memilih menjadi pekerja migran ilegal. Perihal yang menjadi sorotan dalam tulisan ini berupa alasan masyarakat Lombok memilih menjadi pekerja migran ilegal dan dampak dari banyaknya pekerja migran ilegal terhadap meningkatnya kasus human trafficking di Lombok. Adapun peran penting oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam menghadapi dan merespon kasus ini dilihat dari perspektif Keamanan Non-Tradisional.
Analisis Kerja Sama Merida Initiative Antara Meksiko dan Amerika Serikat Dalam Mengurangi Drug Trafficking Organizations di Meksiko
Authors: Jelita Almira Farah
Published: July 2022

Perdagangan narkoba menjadi isu yang berkembang di Meksiko. Letak geografis yang strategis, penegakan hukum yang lemah di Meksiko serta tingginya permintaan narkoba dari Amerika Serikat membuat kartel narkoba Meksiko dapat mempertahankan eksistensinya hingga saat ini. Perdagangan narkoba yang dilakukan oleh kartel Meksiko menyebabkan meningkatnya tindak kejahatan seperti pencurian, kekerasan, penculikan bahkan pembunuhan di kedua negara. Aktivitas kartel Meksiko menjadi ancaman bagi keamanan dan kesehatan warga Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko. Kedua negara melakukan kerja sama bilateral Merida Initiative pada tahun 2007 untuk menanggulangi permasalahan narkotika. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan oleh Meksiko dan Amerika Serikat dalam kerja sama Merida Initiative.
Analisis Strategi Gastrodiplomasi Korea Selatan dari Segi Peningkatan Kunjungan Wisatawan Asing di Korea Selatan (2014-2019)
Authors: Juniarti Suhaida
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi gastrodiplomasi yang dilakukan oleh Korea Selatan dalam mendukung kepentingan nasional negara-nya yaitu dalam hal meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan asing ke Korea Selatan melalui konsep gastrodiplomacy dan soft power. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dan dokumentasi melalui jurnal, dokumen resmi yang diperoleh melalui situs-situs resmi dari organisasi ataupun situs resmi pemerintahan, serta artikel dari portal berita internasional. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis menurut Miles & Huberman dengan tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa makanan dapat menjadi media diplomasi publik yang mampu membantu pencapaian kepentingan nasional Korea Selatan yaitu meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan asing ke Korea Selatan. Berdasarkan data kunjungan wisatawan asing ke Korea Selatan mengalami kenaikan tiap tahunnya. Motivasi untuk berkunjung ke Korea pun 32,3 persen jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kunjungan bisnis senilai 15,2 persen, belajar bahasa Korea senilai 9,1 persen, dan mengunjungi lokasi drama Korea senilai 5,6 persen.
Analisis Gerakan Sosial Baru: Studi Kasus Gerakan Black Lives Matter Terhadap Pemilihan Presiden Amerika Serika Tahun 2020
Authors: Mahisa Nafila
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eskplorasi terkait dengan Analisis Gerakan Sosial Baru Black Lives Matter yang memperjuangkan keadilan ras dan membela hak kaum kulit hitam di Amerika Serikat maupun di seluruh dunia. Warga kulit hitam mengalami ketidakadilan dan penindasan sistemik yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dengan banyaknya kasus kebrutalan polisi berupa kekerasan terhadap kaum kulit hitam yang terjadi pada era Donald Trump. Black Lives Matter melakukan aksi protes dan kampanye untuk memperjuangkan misinya. Dengan menggunakan teori gerakan sosial baru menurut pemikiran Ernesto Laclau dan Chantal Mouffe serta konsep Connective action oleh Bennett dan segerberg sebagai pisau analisis, tulisan ini akan membedah gerakan sosial Black Lives Matter untuk mengetahui pola pergerakan, substansi, aktor yang terlibat serta wacana kuat yang disebarkan oleh Black Lives Matter sehingga dapat memobilisasi massa dan mempengaruhi pemilu presiden Amerika Serikat tahun 2020 sebagai upaya untuk melakukan perubahan sosial yaitu mencapai keadilan ras di Amerika Serikat maupun Dunia.
Analisis Peran Hindu Rights Action Force (HINDRAF) DalamUpayaRekognisiIdentitas Diaspora India di Malaysia
Authors: Wati Susila , Anam Syaiful , Munir Ahmad Mubarak
Published: July 2022

Pada awaltahun 2008, gejolakpolitikbesarterjadi di Malaysia ketikakoalisi yang berkuasaselamaenampuluhtahun, Barisan Nasional tumbangpascapemilihanumum. Kemunculan Hindu Rights Action Force (HINDRAF) sebagaigerakankontroversialmenjadiakarpergolakanini yang oleh masyarakat India Malaysia diangaptelahmendapatkanperlakuandiskriminatifsepertikasusperusakankuil-kuil Hindu dan kasus-kasuspenculikan orang-orang Hindu Tamil, yang didugatelahmasuk Islam, sertakemiskinan yang dihadapi oleh komunitas Hindu Tamil di Malaysia.Tidakdapatdisangkalbahwaperistiwaujuk rasa tahun 2007 memilikidampak yang luarbiasasecarainternasionaldalammenggambarkanpenderitaanumat Hindu Tamil Malaysia. Namun tulisan inibertujuanuntukmenunjukkanduapemilihanumum Malaysia berikutnyayaknitahun 2013 dan 2018, ketikasuara Hindu Tamil diwakili oleh HINDRAFbelummencapaitujuanmereka. Mengalamiperlakuanberatdaripihakberwenang Malaysia dan terdistruksi oleh perselisihan internal kepemimpinan HINFRAF, gerakan Hindu Tamil kemudianlemah dan tepecah. Pascapemilutahun ke-14 tahun 2018 ketikakempemimpinanHINDRAF juga menerimakompromikekuasaan. Mayoritas Muslim-Malaysia tetapdominan dan nampaknya slogan “Malaysia Baru” menjadirealita yang sangat jauhdari yang digembar-gemborkan pada masa awalPemerintahanPakatan Harapan.
Keakuratan Teknologi Near Infrared Dalam Mengukur Dan Memetakan Bahan Organik Di Pulau Lombok
Authors: Hairul azmi  , Bambang Hari Kusumo  , Bustan
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat keakuratan teknologi near infrared (NIRS) dalam mengukur dan memetakan bahan organik di Pulau Lombok. Pengukuran kandungan bahan organik tanah dilakukan dengan metode konvensional (Walkley and Black) dan NIRS pada panjang gelombang 1000-2500 nm menggunakan 130 sampel tanah (kedalaman 0-10 cm) yang mewakili kondisi tanah sawah di lokasi tersebut. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dibuat model Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) untuk mendapatkan bentuk prediksi kandungan bahan organik tanah. Selanjutnya data hasil (Walkley and Black dan NIRS) digunakan dalam analisis spasial (Interpolasi), dan peta landuse Pulau Lombok untuk mendapatkan pola sebaran bahan organik tanah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis PLSR dengan uji PLSR predict diperoleh nilai kalibrasi yang tergolong baik (R2=2,01, RMSE=0,417, dan RPD=0,781). Peta yang dihasilkan dari analisis dengan metode konvensional dan NIRS menunjukkan pola sebaran bahan organik tanah relatif sama. Sehingga teknologi near infrared (NIRS) dapat menjadi pilihan untuk menentukan kandungan bahan organik tanah yang lebih cepat dan efisien.
Profil Kemampuan Numerasi Dasar Siswa Sekolah Dasar Di SDN Mentokan
Authors: Wahyu Adinda Dayita , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Oktaviyanti Itsna
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang profil kemampuan numerasi dasar siswa sekolah dasar di SDN Mentokan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitattif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa SDN Mentokan yang berjumlah 77 orang siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan 31 dari 77 siswa berada pada level 4 dengan persentase sebesar 40,25%. Sedangkan 32,46% lainnya berada pada level 3 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 25 siswa. Kemudian 18 siswa lainnya berada pada level 2 dengan jumlah persentase sebesar 23,37%. Dan 3 siswa sisanya berada pada level 1 dengan jumlah persentase sebesar 3,89%. Kemampuan numerasi dasar siswa SDN Mentokan dominan berada pada level 4 sebanyak 31 siswa dengan persentase terbesar yaitu 40,25%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan numerasi dasar siswa masih sangat perlu untuk ditingkatkan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan cara melakukan pembelajran numerasi dasar berbasis level kemampuan.
Sosialisasi Model Cooperatif Learning tipe think pair sher Menggunakan Media Poster Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep IPA Anak Didik Pada Materi Tata Surya Di Kelas VII SMPN 3 Narmada Tahun 2021/2022
Authors: Ferniawan  , Syukur Abdul , Yuni Kurniasi
Published: July 2022

Sosialisasi model Cooperatif Learning tipe think pair sher menggunakan media poster terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep IPA anak didik pada materi tata surya di kelas VII SMPN 3 Narmada. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang model Cooperatif Learning tipe think pair sher menggunakan media poster yang bermuara pada kemampuan menerapkan dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas, serta untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemahaman konsep IPA anak didik pada materi tata surya di kelas VII. Diperoleh hasil Ketercapaian KKM pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol masing-masing sebesar 85,78 dan 78,15. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Cooperatif Learning tipe think pair sher menggunakan media poster atas kemampuan pemahaman konsep IPA anak didik dalam materi tata surya kelas VII SMPN 3 Narmada Tahun 2021/2022 dapat dikatakan tuntas secara klasikal.
MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION ABILITY OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS
Authors: Ratumanan Tanwey Gerson , Ayal Carolina Selfisina , Tupamahu Pieter Z
Published: July 2022

This research is descriptive because it aims to describe students' mathematical representation ability. Mathematical representation is related to ways of expressing mathematical ideas. Mathematical representation is divided into verbal, visual/pictorial, and symbolic representations. The subjects of this study were 40 new Mathematics Education study program students. Data were collected using test and interview techniques.

Furthermore, the data were analyzed using descriptive and qualitative statistics. The results showed that only 10% of the students had the mathematical representation ability in the good category, 12.5% in the moderate category, 10% in the poor category, and 67,5% in the very poor category. In detail, for verbal skills, there is 2.5% in the very good category, 7.5% in the good category, 17.5% in the moderate category, 15% in the poor category, and 55% in the very poor category. For the ability of visual/pictorial representation, there is 2.5% in the very good category, 7.5% in the good category, 12.5% in the moderate category, 7.5% in the poor category, and 70% in the very poor category. Furthermore, for the symbolic representation ability, 10% is in a good category, 10% in the moderate category, 7.5% in the poor category, and 72.5% in the very poor category. Based on the classroom observation and interview, the low mathematical representation ability is caused by two main things, namely (1) relatively low prerequisite knowledge and (2) mathematics learning, which is dominated mainly by teachers; learning does not provide opportunities for students to develop mathematical representation skills
KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI BLENDED LEARNING PADA MATERI BILANGAN PECAHAN
Authors: Lestari Ayu , Hapizah Hapizah , Mulyono Budi , Susanti Ely
Published: July 2022

This study aims to describe the numeracy skills of students in the matter of fractional arithmetic. This research method is a type of combination research. The research subjects were 31 students of class VIIU1 SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Palembang, but three people were chosen as subjects to be interviewed. The data collection techniques in this study were questionnaires, tests, and interviews. The instrument in this study is the researcher and assisted by questionnaires, numeracy questions, and interview guidelines. The data analysis technique of this research is quantitative and qualitative with the stages of quantitative data analysis. The results showed that the response of students to blended learning was good. The numeracy ability of students after being given blended learning on fractional numbers is still low. This can be seen from the results of the written test which showed that there were only 2 students in the high category, 6 in the medium category, and 23 in the low category. Based on the results of written tests and interviews that have been analyzed based on indicators of numeracy skills, students are able to using various numbers or mathematical   symbols related to basic mathematics and able to analyze information displayed in various forms (graphs, tables, charts, diagrams). This can be seen in students who are able to use mathematical concepts and procedures on fractional number material. Most of the students are not able interpret the results of the analysis to predict and make decisions, because students are not used to reinterpreting the results of calculations into the context of the problem
Teknologi Komunikasi Smartphone Pada Interaksi Sosial
Authors: Basit Abdul , Purwanto Eko , Kristian Agus , Pratiwi Dewi Intan , Krismira  , Mardiana Intan , Saputri Gusri Weni
Published: July 2022

The use of smartphones causes several changes in the behavior of a person who tends to be complacent with his world without caring about society. Smartphones can have a positive or negative impact depending on their use. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of smartphone communication technology on social interaction. The research method used quantitative methods, the population was carried out at PT Paragon Technology and Innovation with a sample of 150. The results showed that there was an influence in it, that smartphone communication technology has links with users related to the process of social interaction, this can be proven by how someone uses communication tools in everyday life. The social interaction built by employees within the company seems to be very good, this is evidenced by the hypothesis obtained from data processing that smartphone communication technology in every interaction with colleagues has no effect. The interaction process will run well if it is done with face-to-face communication, without any interference from the communication tool, namely smartphones.