bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandēmijas ietekme operā: Quo Vadis?
Authors:   Jāzepa Vītola Latvijas Mūzikas akadēmija, Mellēna-Bartkeviča Lauma
Published: March 2022

Based on relevant examples, the article covers the main challenges faced by the opera genre during Covid-19 pandemic. In summer 2021, almost two concert seasons had passed, providing artists only partial opportunities to do their job, earn money and interact with their audiences. The impact of the pandemic produced in opera could be assessed only in a few years. However, outlining some effects today allows forecasting changes in cultural ecosystem that will influence the development of opera all over the world. The article analyses, firstly, the impact of downtime and interruption of creative processes based on relevant examples, and, secondly, reflects on changes in artistic, technical, technological, and show form issues observed during 2020/2021 season. The first part discusses such issues as reduced income, maintenance of professional form, the necessity of retraining and communication with audiences, meanwhile, the second part covers several opera productions made during the pandemic that reflect conditional changes in preparation, production, and end result. Because of challenges in researching the ongoing process, generalizing conclusions obviously would be a mistake, however the author the comes up presents with several ideas summarizing current challenges in the opera genre today.
Latgaliešu populārās mūzikas albumu (2005–2021) nosaukumu analīze
Authors:   Rēzeknes Tehnoloģiju akadēmija, Gusāns Ingars
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study is to identify all Latgalian popular music albums released both inside and outside the cultural space of Latgale and to characterize these album titles by comparing them to other Latvian music album titles and identifying the common and distinctive between them. Currently, the database contains 70 Latgalian popular music albums, covering the period from January 1, 2005, to September 1, 2021. The majority of Latgalian music album titles are in Latvian and Latgalian. The particular titles are the subject of the study. This study analyses: 1) choice of the title, 2) how it is perceived by the user, 3) potential symbols. Album titles are divided into several groups according to music styles, with commentaries on their suitability for the concrete style. In general, it can be concluded that Latgalian performer album titles are quite similar and typical for Latvian music; besides, a large part of the titles are in Latvian literary language, which directly indicates the language used in the songs. There are several exceptions when an album has a Latvian or English title, but the songs are in the Latgalian language, thus creating a kind of marketing trick. Emphasis on local identity and specificity appears in album titles that use Latgalian words that are not immediately remembered by users of the Latvian language, but this tendency is also decreasing. Hip-hop performers try to maintain their style by using abbreviations (LG, HH) and barbarisms specific to their subculture. On the other hand, schlager music artists use titles trite and typical for this genre, sometimes trying to highlight something unique and peculiar to Latgale, which is not always reflected in the language in which the songs are sung (e. g., bands “Galaktika”, “Ginc un Es”). In general, it must be acknowledged that Latgalian music is still part of Latvian music without any significant difference.
Leksiskās daudzveidības kvantitatīvā analīze latviešu prozas izpētē
Authors:   Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka, Baklāne Anda , Saulespurēns Valdis ,   Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka
Published: March 2022

The notions of richness of language and richness of the vocabulary are characteristics that are often mentioned in the context of practical literary criticism, however, from the theoretical standpoint, the precise meaning of these terms is not clear. Considering that this area of research is not well known in Latvia, the paper first outlines the field of study of vocabulary richness and lexical diversity and maps out the challenges that are related to it, including issues pertaining to selecting the focus and methodology of the study, selecting data, and evaluating the quality of data. Furthermore, the interpretation of the results of the analysis of lexical diversity is discussed, arguing that the vocabulary richness of a literary work does not necessarily indicate only the level of language competencies and artistic skill, it can also be interpreted as a trait of a literary genre or a subject of the artistic choice. Two methods of accounting for lexical diversity are analysed more closely – mean segmental type-token ratio (MSTTR) and moving window type-token ratio distribution (MWTTRD); the main idea and application, as well the place of these approaches among other methods are explained. To conduct the test study, the authors are using a small corpus that entails six Latvian prose writers – Alberts Bels, Augusts Deglavs, Regīna Ezera, Jānis Jaunsudrabiņš, Ivande Kaija, and Zigmunds Skujiņš. In the course of the study it is established that higher values of lexical diversity are achieved by the authors who represent more recent generation – Skujiņš, Ezera, Bels. To suggest further possibilities of employment of these methods in the studies of the stylistics of literary prose, the authors of the paper turn attention towards the diversity of adjectives in the works of the corpus. The MSTTR and MWTTDR of adjectives are measured; the percentage of adjectives that are shared by all authors and the percentage of unique adjectives for each author are being calculated. In conclusion, further developments of quantitative and qualitative digital analysis of prose texts are being suggested.
Latviešu valodas senāko rakstu pieminekļu konvertācija mūsdienu rakstībā: iepriekšējā pieredze un automatizācijas mēģinājumi
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte. Matemātikas un informātikas institūts, Andronova Everita , Frīdenberga Anna ,   Latvijas Universitāte. Latviešu valodas institūts, Pretkalniņa Lauma ,   Latvijas Universitāte. Matemātikas un informātikas institūts, Siliņa-Piņķe Renāte ,   Latvijas Universitāte. Latviešu valodas institūts, Skrūzmane Elga ,   Latvijas Universitāte. Latviešu valodas institūts, Trumpa Anta ,   Latvijas Universitāte. Latviešu valodas institūts, Vanags Pēteris ,   Latvijas Universitāte. Latviešu valodas institūts
Published: March 2022

The aim of the article is to describe in brief previous experiences with preparing early written Latvian texts for publication in recent times; we review the first attempts carried out by a working group dealing with the modernization of the Corpus of early written Latvian, examine the process and results of the conversion of early texts into modern spelling, and discuss the terminology associated with this conversion. The topic of this article is early written Latvian texts (16th–18th cc.), modernization of the Corpus of early written Latvian and conversion of early written texts into modern spelling. By means of descriptive analytics, conversion rules are developed. The process of conversion currently in force comprises the following steps: creation of conversion tables; application of the tables in a software algorithm; automated conversion; post-editing; re-reading and detection of mistakes in the converted source (the whole text or part of it if the text is large); analysis of mistakes and supplementation or correction of the conversion tables estimating the usefulness of corrections; repeated automated conversion; quality estimation. 25 conversion tables have been created till now. The process of conversion covers unambiguous, positional, and individual correspondences, which are detected for every single text source. The number of correspondence rules varies from 37 for The Lord’s Prayer by Bruno (1520) to 897 rules for ‘Undeudsche Psalmen’ (1587). In light of the development of Latvian spelling, the number of rules covering the conversion over time gradually decreases because the number of individual rules goes down as the spelling becomes more universal. Due to the fact that the orthography of the 18th c. texts is close to the spelling dominating at the end of the 17th c., we hope to create a conversion pattern that with minor variation could be applied for the bulk of the sources from 18th c.
Barriers and Enablers of adoption of Rain Water Harvesting Technologies at County Levels: A Case of Matungulu Sub-County, Machakos County Kenya
Authors: Wekesa Peter , John M. Muthama  , Jane M. Mutune
Published: March 2022

Rainwater harvesting technology is among the oldest methods of fetching water among households. The demand for water use has grown globally outpacing population growth, and increasingly, many regions are currently reaching levels which water services are unsustainable, especially in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) regions. Inadequate water for domestic and agricultural use has had negative impacts on households in ASAL areas. There has been however introduction of rainwater harvesting technologies that seeks to solve the effects of water scarcity in these areas. Adoption of these technologies depend on factors that hinder/encourage households to adopt them. Matungulu Sub-County is such area that requires adoption of these technologies. Focus group discussions, interviews with key informants, and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. This involved calculation of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentages, frequencies and Analysis of Variance. The study identified 5 rainwater harvesting methods; Surface rainwater harvesting, Rooftop rainwater harvesting, Catchments, First flush and Filter. Findings indicated that overall, a composite mean of 4.04 and a standard deviation of 0.699 of the respondents agreed that incentives from the county government significantly promoted water-harvesting technologies. This was confirmed by a positively strong and significant correlation between integration of Rainwater Harvesting Technologies in the county development agenda. Results of this survey indicate that mostly household heads finance rainwater technologies and County Government initiatives have not been adequately felt. The study findings indicate that the major barriers to adopting rainwater technologies are costs and a lack of expertise on the adoption of these technologies. To ensure the sustainability of rainwater harvesting technologies, the study recommends the development of clear monitoring systems on water collection in the County. Additionally, there is a need to strengthen funding and sensitization on the best technologies to enhance water harvesting.
Análise da reorganização de processos no atendimento de pacientes suspeitos de covid-19 em um pronto atendimento especializado em otorrinolaringologia e oftalmologia
Authors: Mendonça Sirley Lima de , Barbosa Antônio Pires
Published: March 2022

Em dezembro de 2019 surgia uma nova infecção, de etiologia desconhecida e assustadoramente contagiosa, causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Diante deste cenário, otorrinolaringologistas e oftalmologistas apresentam alto risco de contágio e disseminação, pois realizam procedimentos em contato direto com mucosas que geram aerossóis e gotículas. Possíveis manifestações da COVID-19, como alterações das vias aéreas superiores, perda do olfato e paladar, além de alterações oculares, induzem os indivíduos suspeitos a procurarem estes serviços. Há ainda, pacientes assintomáticos que buscam atendimento, devido a queixas relacionada às especialidades, levando profissionais da saúde à exposição ocupacional. Assim, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), ressalta a necessidade da reorganização nos estabelecimentos de saúde, como a criação de serviços de triagem, o uso de EPIs e treinamento dos profissionais de saúde. Este estudo se propôs a identificar mudanças do pronto atendimento especializado em otorrinolaringologia e oftalmologia, na reavaliação e criação de novos processos com intuito em demonstrar a competência na prática do trabalho. Para tal, conduziu-se um estudo de caso único, com abordagem qualitativa e descritivo, guiado por entrevistas semiestruturadas com 21 profissionais da saúde, além de análise de documentos internos e de um vídeo institucional. Como resultados, foram selecionados 255 trechos de narrativas, vinculadas a 21 códigos, agrupados em 7 categorias. O estudo permitiu identificar combinações de evidências relacionadas aos fluxos de pacientes suspeitos, mudanças estruturais, treinamento, dimensionamento e utilização dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs), considerados essenciais para redução da transmissão nosocomial.
A Preliminary Review of Dinosaur Track Assemblages from the Tuchengzi Formation in North China
Authors: Xing Lida , Yu Zhang
Published: March 2022

In northern China, mainly within Western Liaoning, Northern Hebei and Beijing, vertebrate skeletons from the Tuchengzi Formation (Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous) are scarce. However, a large number of new dinosaur track discoveries have made in past 10 years. So far, a total of 19 dinosaur track sites have been found in the Tuchengzi Formation, collectively containing 2,637 individual tracks and representing at least 2,091 trackmakers. This track record has become an important sample for understanding the Tuchengzi dinosaur fauna. The abundant Tuchengzi track record includes six non-avian theropod ichnogenera (Asianopodus, Eubrontes, Grallator, Menglongipus, Therangospodus, and Velociraptorichnus), three bird ichnogenera (Aquatilavipes, Pullornipes, and Koreanaornis), two sauropod ichnogenera (Brontopodus and cf. Parabrontopodus isp.), and a possible ornithopod ichnogenus (cf. Dinehichnu). This assemblage is saurischian-dominated, which is consistent with most Jurassic and Cretaceous track sites in China. The presence of deinonychosaurian tracks is consistent with the rich skeletal record from the Yanliao Biota or Jehol Biota, and the bird tracks are consistent with the record of shorebirds in Jehol Biota. The existence of ornithopod tracks is doubtful and needs further discoveries to be confirmed.
A Review on Evolutionary Methodology more appropriate for implementation in Economic Load Dispatch
Authors:   Ph. D Scholar Electrical & Electronics Engineering UIT RGPV, Bhopal, India, Khobaragade Tejaswita , Chaturvedi Dr. K.T ,   Assistant Professor, Electrical & Electronics Engineering UIT RGPV, Bhopal, India
Published: March 2022

Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is approach to reduced the cost of electricity generation without any compromisation on its quality and its reliability. As per the economic point of view the production cost must be minimized. For the different load demands at different time period vary as well as requirement of power also vary. For this it is very important to monitorized the demand and its production. The principle factor in Thermal and Nuclear power plant is Fuel cost. In this paper we have studied different evolutionary method and obtain the best method among them perhaps, in order to bring the best solution to ELD problems an evolution of soft computing methods and many other methods have been successfully conducted such as Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Honey Bee Mating Optimization (HBMO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and PSO-GSA hybrid method. To bring more appropriate optimized solution for ELD problems.
Evaluation of Coraco-Humeral Ligament Thickness in Adhesive Capsulitis – A Case Control Study
Authors:   Govt.College of Physiotherapy, TN. Dr. MGR Medical University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India, Karthikeyan S A , Arul Pragassame S ,   Department of PMR, RMMCH, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India, Srinivasan B ,   Department of PMR, RMMCH, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: April 2022

Background: Coracohumeral ligament thickness plays an important role in maintaining shoulder range of motion and stability. It is essential to evaluate its thickness and also to find out its role in limiting shoulder range of motion in adhesive capsulitis. Aim of the study is to evaluate the coracohumeral thickness in adhesive capsulitis by ultrasonic scan and also to find out the relationship of its thickness with shoulder abduction and external rotation range of motion. Study design: Case – control study. Sixty-seven adhesive capsulitis patients and age and BMI matched controls were selected. The coracohumeral thickness was evaluated by ultrasound scanning. Shoulder abduction and external rotation range of motion was also recorded. The coracohumeral ligament thickness was compared between groups by independent sample ‘t’ test. The relationship between coracohumeral ligament thickness and shoulder abduction and external rotation was studied by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean coracohumeral thickness was 2.940.14 mm in adhesive capsulitis and it was significantly higher than in controls, mean = 1.92 0.19 mm
Stunting Classification in Children's Measurement Data Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial , Ilham Rosmin , Asikin Zulaika F , Nurdin St. Surya Indah
Published: March 2022

The study conducted a stunting classification of measurement data for children under 5 years old. The dataset has attributes such as: gender, age, weight (BB), height (TB), weight / height (BBTB), weight / age (BBU), and height / age (TBU). The research uses the CRISP-DM methodology in processing the data. The data were tested on several classification models, namely: logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), classification and regression trees (CART), nave bayes (NB), support vector machine - linear kernel (SVM-Linear), support vector machine - rbf kernel (SVM-RBF), random forest classifier (RPC), adaboost (ADA), and neural network (MLPC). These models were tested on the dataset to find out the best model in accuracy. The test results show that SVM-RBF produces an accuracy of 78%. SVM-RBF has consistently been at the highest accuracy in several tests. Testing through k-fold cross validation with k=10.
Use of TOPSIS method based on Entropy weights for determining the disparities in the developmental pat-tern: A study of North Bengal region, West Bengal.
Authors:   Senior Research Fellow, Department of Geography and Applied Geography, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling- 734013 (INDIA), Paul Biswajit
Published: April 2022

The concept of development is very dynamic, it varies over space and time. The reasons behind this variation or inequality in the development of any region may be natural or anthropogenic or combination of both. It is not reasonable to determine the level of development of any region with only one parameter because it depends on multiple criterion. Thus, making it a necessary consideration to understand the developmental pattern of any region. This paper aims to study the pattern of regional disparities in the districts of North Bengal (West Bengal) in terms of its development. A district level analysis is considered to achieve the aim using 27 selected parameters under three distinct categories namely economic, infrastructural and socio-demographic indicators. Entropy Method is applied to weigh the parameters and finally the districts are ranked according to the performance score obtained by applying the TOPSIS model. A significant inequalities are observed in terms of development between the districts. On the basis of selected parameters Jalpaiguri (CI score 0.703) and Darjeeling district (CI score 0.560) stands at the highest level of development among the six districts of North Bengal and the remaining four falls under the low level of development (below average CI score 0.385).
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND CONCENTRATION: A STUDY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES IN WEST BENGAL.
Authors:   Junior Research Fellow, University of North Bengal, Department of Geography and Applied Geography, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling- 734013 (INDIA), Chowdhury Srashta , Rohatgi Sushma ,   Professor, University of North Bengal, Department of Geography and Applied Geography, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling- 734013 (INDIA)
Published: April 2022

The distribution of the higher educational institutions to a great deal affects the access and enrolment of the surrounding population to higher education, whether urban-centric or rural- centric. On the other hand, the concentration gives a picture of the undersupply or oversupply of Higher Educational Institutes of a place. There exist regional inequalities in the development of Higher Educational Institutes of West Bengal which in the long run may come as a blow to the idea of knowledge centric development and detrimental to the once legacy of the state having been the precursor of modern day higher educational institutions. The number of colleges in West Bengal is 1371, with a college density of 13 colleges per lakh population and 25 universities. The paper analyses the spatial distribution and concentration of the Higher Educational institutes with various other indicators and how these indicators together give a specific development pattern to the districts. Accordingly, Kolkata has the highest development pattern and Uttar Dinajpur the lowest. It is also seen that despite the levels of development, the districts still have prospects of growth either in number of institutes or students based of the Average Size of the institutes. The paper is totally based on secondary data from the Census of India, All India Survey on Higher Education Reports and University Directory, University Grants Commission.
MODEL FOR NETWORK SECURITY SERVICE PROVIDER SELECTION WITH PROBABILISTIC UNCERTAIN LINGUISTIC TODIM METHOD BASED ON PROSPECT THEORY
Authors: Zhao Mengwei , Gao Hui , Wei Guiwu , Wei Cun , Guo Yanfeng
Published: March 2022

Choosing the optimal network security service provider (NSSP) is a very important part of enterprise management decision. And the choice of NSSP is a typical multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) issue. In order to provide a better decision method for MAGDM problems, this paper integrates the TODIM method and the probabilistic uncertainty linguistic term set (PULTS), so as to propose the probabilistic uncertain linguistic TODIM model based on the prospect theory (PT-PUL-TODIM). The model combines the advantages of the prospect theory and TODIM method. In the end, a case study concerning NSSP selection problem is given to demonstrate the merits of the developed methods.
Disparities in Health and Health Care: Focusing Efforts to Eliminate Unequal Burdens
Authors: Baldwin Dee
Published: March 2022

Disparities in health and health care have been around for more than two centuries. Evidence suggests that health disparities in ethnic and racial minorities continue to be problematic, with little progress made to eliminate them over time. Ethnic and racial disparities exist for multiple and complex reasons. However, new solutions are needed to resolve some of these old problems. Framing the debate and discussion around the distinctiveness related to disparities in health and health care is a necessary beginning in eliminating unequal burdens in health status. Focusing efforts to eliminate unequal burdens can strengthen existing solutions and policy formation related to this issue. This article defines disparities in health and health care, describes current health disparities impacting ethnic/racial groups, reviews historical factors associated with existing disparities in ethnic/racial groups, and concludes with challenges and solutions to alleviate these disparities.
Race Consciousness and the Health of African Americans
Authors: Watts Rosalyn
Published: March 2022

The historical experience of African Americans in our country has been shaped by the institution of slavery, dehumanization of blacks, segregation, pursuit of civil rights, and racism in contemporary American society. Disparities in health care provide compelling evidence that issues of race or skin color for the descendants of slaves and other ethnic minorities persist in the 21st century. Nurses providing care for African Americans must bridge the racial divide and incorporate culturally relevant content in the health history. As an integral aspect of their professional growth as culturally competent health care providers, they must incorporate the idea of race consciousness which is described as an awareness of the historical journey of the group, knowledge of disparities in health care for the people, and a self appraisal of one’s attitudes and biases toward the group.
Care Provision for Older Adults: Who Will Provide?
Authors: Mion Lorraine
Published: March 2022

The aging of the baby boomers comes at a time of a growing nursing workforce shortage: registered nurses, nurse aides, and nursing faculty. Older adults have multiple physical, social, and psychological conditions, making the assessment, planning, and delivery of health care more complex than that of younger adults. Not surprisingly, this age group also utilizes the majority of health services in the country. Thus, most nurses will provide care to older adults in a variety of settings. However, the majority of nurses have little to no background in geriatric nursing. These multiple forces: aging population with complex needs, nursing work force shortage, and lack of geriatric knowledge, along with fewer resources, will have a grave impact on health care in this country in the near future. This article reviews issues related to an aging population, the projected nursing workforce shortage, and the lack of geriatric nursing education; it concludes with suggestions for future health care delivery to the geriatric population in the US
The International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) Programme: Advancing a Unifying Framework for Nursing
Authors: Coenen Amy
Published: March 2022

The International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) is defined as a classification of nursing phenomena, nursing actions, and nursing outcomes that describes nursing practice (ICN, 2001). Although the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) has been a project of the International Council of Nurses (ICN) since 1990, it was only in 2000 that a formal ICNP® Programme was established. The vision of the ICNP® Programme is to have nursing data readily available and used in health care information systems worldwide. To achieve this vision, the Programme objectives and activities were organized around three clusters: (a) communication and dissemination, (b) research and development, and (c) coordination and programme management. Examples of programme activities are described, as well as the need for ongoing organizational support and strategic planning to advance the ICNP® and meet the vision of the ICNP® Programme.
Die fremdeste Zeit. Zur vollendeten Zukunft in der Dichtung Paul Celans
Authors: Dogà Ulisse
Published: March 2022

Le sujet de cette contribution est l’utilisation poétique du futur antérieur dans l’œuvre tardive de Celan. L’analyse linguistique et stylistique montrera d’abord comment les motifs d’espoir, d’utopie et de dialogue avec les fantômes du passé se conjuguent aux temps du présent, de l’impératif et du futur simple dans l’œuvre de Celan jusqu’à Atemwende . Après cette partie introductive, la contribution examinera comment dans l’œuvre ultérieure, à travers l’utilisation du futur antérieur, un temps futur déjà achevé qui échappe aux intentions du poète et lui apparaît comme un objet de contemplation mélancolique ou vision prophétique est dit et vu.
Quand un contexte de crise rend légitime l’innovation managériale : le cas des pratiques de conciliation famille-travail en pleine pandémie
Authors: Rampa Romain , Agogué Marine
Published: March 2022

En mars 2020, les politiques de confinement du fait de la pandémie de COVID-19 ont forcé le monde des organisations à modifier les pratiques de travail. En particulier, nombre d’employés du monde occidental se sont retrouvés à pratiquer le télétravail, tout en ayant à la maison leur famille, conjoint et/ou enfants. Dans ce contexte, les gestionnaires ont été forcés de s’adapter, de bricoler, et de générer des innovations managériales, notamment en matière de pratiques de conciliation famille-travail. Nous appuyant sur des données qualitatives et quantitatives collectées au sein d’une grande entreprise québécoise de l’énergie au cours de la première vague de la pandémie au printemps 2020, nous proposons dans cet article de regarder comment se construit la légitimité des innovations managériales en situation de crise, dans le cas précis des pratiques de conciliation travail-famille en contexte de pandémie. Nos résultats permettent d’identifier les conditions selon lesquelles de telles innovations managériales peuvent être introduites. Codes JEL : H12, O39
Littératures en langues africaines
Authors: Mahamoud Fatouma
Published: March 2022

Le théâtre est un genre nouveau dans l’aire somalie. Il connaît paradoxalement un essor formidable au point de devenir le divertissement citadin par excellence, éclipsant les autres genres pourtant plus anciens. L’explication de ce succès réside dans le tour de force qu’ont réussi les artistes pour intégrer les genres oraux traditionnels dans un cadre étranger. En effet, le théâtre somali est né d’une double influence à la fois occidentale et orientale, due, d’une part, à la scolarisation pour ce qui est de l’impact occidental, d’autre part à l’influence du cinéma indien et à la bonne connaissance des contes des Mille et une nuits et autres légendes arabes pour ce qui est de l’imprégnation orientale. Une autre raison de ce succès se trouve dans l’esprit même de ce théâtre où les auteurs élaborent les textes en collaboration avec différentes catégories d’artistes qui participent à la réalisation des représentations.
Littératures en langues africaines
Authors: Ugochukwu Françoise
Published: March 2022

Le pays igbo, au sud-est du Nigeria, est aujourd’hui connu dans le monde entier pour sa littérature anglophone. Mais il est également l’héritier d’une littérature en langue igbo riche de centaines de titres, qui se développe parallèlement depuis la parution du premier roman en igbo, Omenuko (1933-2010). Nous considérerons ici trois auteurs igbo, Clifford Nwokeke Ugochukwu (04/04/1936-), Innocent Uzoma Nwadike (1945-) et Gabriella Ihuarugo Nwaozuzu (15/03/1948-). Représentant les deux États au centre du pays igbo – Anambra et Imo, ils sont tous issus du milieu enseignant et liés d’une façon ou d’une autre à l’université de Nsukka, la plus ancienne université de la région. Nous examinerons leur parcours, les motifs qui les ont amenés à écrire, les raisons de leur choix de l’igbo comme langue d’expression, les genres qu’ils ont élus pour s’exprimer et les obstacles qu’ils ont dû surmonter pour publier leurs œuvres.
La levée des brevets à l’OMC : du combat de Mandela contre le VIH/sida à celui contre la COVID-19
Authors: Paquin Stéphane
Published: March 2022

En octobre 2020, l’Inde et l’Afrique du Sud ont proposé une levée temporaire des brevets à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) pour permettre à tous les pays qui en ont la capacité de produire des vaccins. À la fin des années 1990, lorsque plusieurs pays d’Afrique étaient frappés par l’épidémie de VIH/sida, l’Afrique du Sud avait également milité pour un accès à des médicaments à faible coût. Comme à l’époque, le contexte actuel oppose des intérêts puissants, que ce soient de grandes multinationales du secteur pharmaceutique et plusieurs pays, à des regroupements de pays, d’organisations non gouvernementales et d’experts. L’objectif du présent article est d’analyser la négociation à l’OMC à partir de la méthode du néo-institutionnalisme historique axée sur les intérêts des acteurs puissants. Cette perspective s’intéresse aux séquences historiques qui transforment le répertoire d’actions, à la dépendance aux choix du passé, et aux effets des institutions sur le comportement des acteurs face au changement. Les deux cas à l’étude sont le VIH/sida et les vaccins contre la COVID-19.
L’instabilité politique et la capacité des gouvernements locaux à répondre à l’unisson aux menaces pour leur réputation
Authors: Howard Grøn Caroline , Houlberg Salomonsen Heidi
Published: March 2022

Dans le présent article, nous posons la question de savoir si les gouvernements locaux sont capables d’agir de manière unifiée lorsqu’ils réagissent aux menaces pour la réputation que représentent les couvertures médiatiques négatives. C’est en nous appuyant sur l’idée selon laquelle les gouvernements locaux qui sont victimes d’instabilité politique sont moins en mesure d’agir à l’unisson que nous examinons un certain nombre de perspectives, y compris divers types d’instabilité politique (instabilité du conseil, de l’agenda et du domaine politique) et leur relation avec différents types de réponses aux couvertures médiatiques négatives de la part des acteurs politiques et administratifs (comportement de communication, comportement destiné à fuir les reproches et les responsabilités et comportement sanctionneur). Dans notre article, nous observons ces relations pour certains de ces aspects. L’analyse indique également que l’historique des gouvernements locaux en matière de réputation est lié à l’ampleur du comportement unifié. L’analyse empirique repose essentiellement sur une enquête envoyée à tous les gestionnaires publics danois des trois niveaux supérieurs de la hiérarchie gouvernementale locale. Remarque à l’intention des praticiens La gestion de la réputation est devenue un domaine de gestion stratégique dans le secteur public, en particulier dans les administrations locales. Dans le présent article, nous allons voir que les gestionnaires publics se doivent d’être attentifs au degré d’instabilité politique qui caractérise leurs administrations locales lorsqu’ils font face à des menaces pour leur réputation. Lorsque le gouvernement local est caractérisé par une instabilité politique, il devient primordial d’aborder les désaccords potentiels entre les acteurs administratifs et politiques. De plus, les gestionnaires publics doivent tenir compte de l’historique de leur organisation en termes de réputation, ces antécédents pouvant influencer la capacité à coordonner une réponse unifiée entre les dirigeants politiques et administratifs en cas de menaces pour leur réputation.
À la recherche d’une gouvernance publique intelligente : le cas de la Lituanie
Authors: Šiugždinienė Jurgita , Gaulė Eglė , Rauleckas Rimantas
Published: March 2022

Face à l’évolution rapide des pressions économiques et sociétales et aux problèmes complexes des politiques publiques, les gouvernements doivent réagir de manière proactive aux nouveaux défis. Ce n’est qu’une des caractéristiques de l’intelligence. Dans le présent article, nous analysons le concept récemment introduit de gouvernance publique intelligente, un concept qui nécessite une meilleure conceptualisation. Dans cet article, nous définissons les caractéristiques et les critères d’une gouvernance publique intelligente et proposons un instrument pour son évaluation. L’expérimentation de la méthodologie au niveau du gouvernement central en Lituanie indique que le système lituanien de gouvernance publique ne peut pas encore être considéré comme un système social intelligent. Certaines caractéristiques de l’intelligence sont déjà bien exprimées et il existe bel et bien des exemples positifs. Cependant, la gouvernance publique intelligente ne fait pas encore partie de la culture du gouvernement lituanien. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Notre article fait progresser le concept de gouvernance publique intelligente en examinant et en affinant les dimensions clés de ce concept et tente d’opérationnaliser ces dimensions et diverses sous-dimensions à l’aide d’indicateurs vérifiables de façon empirique. Afin de démontrer le potentiel du cadre proposé, nous présentons les résultats empiriques basés sur une enquête d’experts menée auprès de cadres supérieurs du secteur public en Lituanie. Premièrement, ces résultats produisent une évaluation théoriquement fondée de la gouvernance publique intelligente au sein du système lituanien de gouvernement central et, deuxièmement, ils indiquent les domaines de la gouvernance publique qui doivent être renforcés.
La gestion des pénuries pharmaceutiques : aperçu et classification des réponses stratégiques en Europe et aux États-Unis
Authors: Beck Matthias , Buckley Joan , O’Reilly Seamus
Published: March 2022

Dans le présent article exploratoire, nous dressons un portrait transversal de la façon dont les systèmes de soin de santé établis répondent au nouveau défi qu’est la pénurie de médicaments. Dans la lignée des recherches précédentes, notre analyse confirme l’existence d’une forte dépendance à l’égard du chemin parcouru dans l’adoption des réponses stratégiques. Cette dépendance se manifeste dans une typologie prononcée des modèles de réponse où les approches des autorités en ce qui concerne la gestion des pénuries de médicaments diffèrent selon deux dimensions essentielles, À savoir l’importance accordée au problème et le niveau auquel les organismes publics s’engagent pour faire face au problème. Ces modèles se retrouvent dans le cadre conceptuel et l’orientation stratégique des différentes politiques visant à remédier à la pénurie de médicaments, avec : les politiques espagnole et irlandaise de lutte contre la pénurie de médicaments, axées sur le niveau des produits individuels et largement réactives, les politiques américaines, axées sur le niveau thérapeutique, qui privilégient l’atténuation, et les politiques allemandes et autrichiennes, qui se concentrent sur le niveau des principes actifs, avec un accent proactif sur la prévention des pénuries. Malgré l’importance des héritages, on observe des éléments d’innovation et de création de parcours, en particulier dans le cadre des approches américaine et allemande, ce que nous expliquons par l’apparition simultanée d’une crise interne et de pressions des acteurs locaux. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Dans le présent article, nous abordons un défi majeur, la pénurie de médicaments, qui est apparu ces dernières années et que l’on pourrait qualifier de « choc systémique ». Nous élaborons une typologie des politiques adoptées, basée sur une analyse d’une série de réponses apportées par le système de santé. On observe des différences fondamentales entre ces réponses, comme le niveau d’action (niveau du produit individuel /niveau thérapeutique/niveau du principe actif), le calendrier (ponctuel/court terme ou long terme) et l’approche stratégique (réactive/atténuante/préventive). Cette analyse fait apparaître des politiques fondamentalement différentes, comme des pouvoirs institutionnels délégués et une gestion du recensement/gouvernance en réseau. La typologie basée sur l’importance accordée au problème et la nature (proactive/réactive) de l’élaboration des politiques peut aider les acteurs des systèmes de santé à porter un regard critique sur leur manière d’aborder cette question et, à un niveau plus fondamental, sur la façon dont le système réagit aux événements perturbateurs.
L’administration électronique, un outil de lutte contre la corruption : analyse internationale sur données de panel
Authors: Park Chul Hyun , Kim Koomin
Published: March 2022

Au cours des vingt dernières années, de nombreux pays ont adopté l’administration électronique comme outil de lutte contre la corruption. Il n’y a toutefois pas suffisamment de données empiriques concernant les effets de l’administration électronique sur la corruption. Le présent article a donc pour but de vérifier de manière empirique si l’administration électronique permet de faire reculer la corruption dans le monde. À cette fin, nous avons recueilli des données longitudinales concernant 214 pays et portant sur la période 2003-2016, et mené une analyse de données de panel fondée sur un modèle à effets fixes. Les résultats de l’analyse montrent que l’administration électronique considérée dans son ensemble réduit la corruption de manière significative, mais que les effets de l’administration ouverte, en tant que type particulier d’administration électronique, ne sont pas clairement établis. Toutefois, l’État de droit est un modérateur de la corrélation entre l’administration ouverte et la corruption. Autrement dit, il y a tout lieu de penser que l’effet de l’administration ouverte sur la réduction de la corruption est d’autant plus important dans un pays que le système juridique y est efficace. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens L’administration électronique considérée dans son ensemble peut réduire efficacement la corruption. L’administration ouverte, reposant par exemple sur des portails de données ouvertes et des forums de discussion en ligne, n’a pas d’effet direct sur la réduction de la corruption. L’administration ouverte peut avoir un effet conditionnel sur la corruption, en fonction de l’efficacité du système juridique.
L’impact du programme des Nations unies sur les femmes, la paix et la sécurité. L’exemple du Portugal
Authors: Carreiras Helena , Rodrigues da Silva Cristina , Malheiro Luis
Published: March 2022

Cet article traite de la manière dont le programme « Femmes, paix et sécurité » des Nations unies a influencé l’élaboration des politiques nationales d’intégration de la dimension de genre dans les forces armées. Il souligne les obstacles et les conditions favorables à sa mise en œuvre. S’appuyant sur les données du cas portugais, il examine l’essor des politiques publiques au niveau du gouvernement, ainsi que les instruments et les mécanismes par lesquels les forces armées ont intégré les objectifs du programme. Nous soutenons que l’adoption de politiques publiques officielles est une condition nécessaire, mais non suffisante pour une mise en œuvre réussie. Une plus grande attention doit aussi être accordée aux moyens spécifiques par lesquels l’acceptation d’une politique publique officielle est ensuite traduite en pratique dans le travail d’une institution.
Entre développement international et sécurité locale
Authors: Royoux Maxime
Published: April 2022

Basé sur une enquête ethnographique et archivistique menée sur une commune d’Île-de-France, cet article s’intéresse aux liens entre deux domaines de l’action municipale envers des populations émigrées et d’enfants d’immigrés : la sécurité d’un quartier de grands ensembles et le développement des pays d’origine de certains de ses habitants. La rencontre de ces deux secteurs d’intervention, qui montre l’existence de connexions entre des politiques répressives et des politiques sociales, est restituée à travers l’analyse de la circulation des discours, des dispositifs et des réseaux d’acteurs qui leur sont respectivement associés. Ces deux secteurs ont procédé chacun à un traitement ethnicisé de certains problèmes – au sens où ceux-ci ont été appréhendés au prisme de l’origine géographique ou culturelle des populations du quartier – et se sont appuyés sur la mobilisation de membres de groupes minoritaires subsahariens comme partenaires des politiques publiques. Les liens que les émigrés entretiennent entre pairs, ainsi qu’avec leur pays d’origine, ont ainsi fait l’objet de différents usages institutionnels : la réalisation de « projets de développement » devenant peu à peu une occasion d’encourager un encadrement renouvelé de certains jeunes, identifiés comme des délinquants potentiels, par des émigrés hommes et adultes du quartier. Pour en rendre compte, l’article revient sur l’apparition des politiques de la ville et sur le renforcement d’un agenda sécuritaire. Il présente les transformations des politiques municipales de développement, en lien avec les changements des projets migratoires en provenance de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal depuis les années 1970, et il analyse la structuration interne des réseaux communautaires.
A remark for Gauss sums of order 3 and some applications for cubic congruence equations
Authors: Ge Wenxu , Li Weiping , Wang Tianze
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we give some relations between Gauss sums of order 3. As application, we give the number of solutions of some cubic diagonal equations. These generalize the earlier results obtained by Hong-Zhu and solve the sign problem raised by Zhang-Zhang.
Stability of hyper homomorphisms and hyper derivations in complex Banach algebras
Authors: Sayyari Yamin , Dehghanian Mehdi , Park Choonkil , Lee Jung Rye
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we introduce the concept of hyper homomorphisms and hyper derivations in Banach algebras and we establish the stability of hyper homomorphisms and hyper derivations in Banach algebras for the following 3-additive functional equation:

   \begin{document}$ \begin{align*} g(x_1+x_2, y_1+y_2, z_1+z_2) = \sum\limits_{i, j, k = 1}^2 g(x_i, y_j, z_k). \end{align*} $\end{document}
Role of vitamin C in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity
Authors: Shahbaz Umar , Fatima Nazira , Basharat Samra , Bibi Asma , Yu Xiaobin , Hussain Muhammad Iftikhar , Nasrullah Maryam
Published: March 2022

Vitamin C stands as an essential water-soluble vitamin, antioxidant and has been shown to enhance immunity. SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading rapidly across the worldwide, several cellular processes of innate and adaptive immunity are aided by vitamin C, which strengthens the immune system overall. Multiple lines of evidence in the literature associate vitamin C with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and immunomodulatory actions. Pneumonia and sepsis patients had poor ascorbic acid status and high oxidative stress, according to many studies. Pneumonia patients who get vitamin C may have less severe symptoms and a longer course of the illness if they do. To standardize plasma levels in sepsis patients, gram measurements of the vitamin must be administered intravenously (IV). This intervention has been shown in a few trials to reduce mortality. COVID-19 management in China and the United States has exhibited remarkable results when using a high percentage of intravenous vitamins C. It's acceptable to include vitamin C in the COVID-19 treatment protocol as a secondary measure based on the current active clinical studies looking at the impact of vitamin C on the management of COVID-19. Patients with hypovitaminosis C or severe respiratory illnesses, such as COVID-19, may benefit from taking vitamin C, due to its good safety profile, simplicity of use, and potential for rapid production scaling. The study's goal was to see whether high dosage intravenous vitamin C had any impact on individuals with severe COVID-19 (HDIVC). Finally we discuss recent research that has been published on the efficacy of vitamin C administration in the treatment of viral infection and life-threatening conditions. The purpose of this manuscript is to summarise existing research on the efficacy of vitamin C as a treatment for COVID-19 and to discuss possible explanations for why it may work in some individuals but not in others.
Physico-chemical characteristics and oxidative stability of oils from different Peruvian castor bean ecotypes
Authors: Huamán L. , Huincho S. , Aguirre E. , Rodriguez G. , Brandolini A. , Hidalgo A.
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research was to assess the physico-chemical properties and shelf-life of oils press-extracted at two temperatures (60 °C and 80 °C) from five Peruvian castor bean ecotypes. A wide variation for all traits was observed. Low acidity index, low peroxide index and absence of p-anisidine were recorded. The total tocopherol contents ranged from 798 to 1040 mg/kg. A higher antioxidant capacity was detected in methanolic extracts than in hexane extract. From the Rancimat performed at 150-170 °C, the predicted shelf-life at 25 °C ranged from 0.15 to 8.93 years; the higher extraction temperature led to a longer shelf-life, probably because of enzyme inactivation.