bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐36 cytokines are overexpressed in the skin and sera of patients with bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Maglie Roberto , Mercurio Laura , Morelli Martina , Madonna Stefania , Salemme Adele , Baffa Maria E. , Quintarelli Lavinia , Di Zenzo Giovanni M. , Antiga Emiliano , Albanesi Cristina
Published: March 2023

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous disease, characterized by autoantibodies targeting BP180 and BP230. The role of interleukin (IL)‐36, a potent chemoattractant for granulocytes, in BP remains elusive.The expression of IL‐36 cytokines (IL‐36α, β, γ) and their antagonists (IL‐36Ra and IL‐38) was analysed in the skin and serum samples of patients with BP (n = 31), psoriasis (n = 10) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 14) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Skin and serum levels of all cytokines were correlated with the Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI) score and with the serum concentration of pathogenic antibodies.IL‐36α, IL‐36β, IL‐36γ and IL‐36Ra were significantly (p < 0.05) overexpressed in BP skin compared to HC, without remarkable differences relative to psoriasis skin. The expression of IL‐38 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BP compared to psoriasis skin.IL‐36α and γ, but not β, serum concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BP compared to HC. IL‐36γ was significantly (p < 0.05) more expressed in the serum of psoriasis patients than BP. The serum concentration of IL‐36Ra and IL‐38 were similar between BP and HC, while IL‐38 serum levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BP compared to psoriasis patients. Serum IL‐36α correlated significantly with BPDAI (r = 0.5 p = 0.001).IL‐36 agonists are increased in BP patients, both locally and systemically. Serum IL‐36α might represent a potential biomarker for BP. An inefficient balance between IL‐36 agonists and antagonists is likely to occur during BP inflammation.
Prevalence, characteristics, and factors associated with caffeine‐withdrawal headache during the first day of Ramadan
Authors: Magdy Rehab , El Desouky Eman D. , Hammad El‐Sayed Mah. , Salem Marwa Rashad , Mahfouz Noha A. , Fathy Wael , Al‐Azayem Salsabil Abo , Naguib Esraa M. , Hussein Mona
Published: March 2023

Background

Data regarding prevalence, characteristics, and factors associated with caffeine‐withdrawal headache are lacking. This work aimed to study the prevalence of caffeine‐withdrawal headache among caffeine consumers during Ramadan's first day and describe its characteristics and associated factors.

Methods

This analytical cross‐sectional study targeted 755 caffeine consumers eligible to fast on the first day of Ramadan. Two methodological approaches were followed: an online open survey and a face‐to‐face interview. Using an adjusted form of food frequency questionnaire, eligible participants were requested to report their intake of caffeine‐containing products during the last week of Shaaban month, the month preceding Ramadan.

Results

The prevalence of caffeine‐withdrawal headache on the first day of Ramadan was 419 (55.5%), with 95% confidence interval (CI; 51.9–59.0%). The headache in the majority of the participants was throbbing in character (249/419, 59.4%), diffuse (146/419, 34.8%), and moderate in intensity (227/419, 54.2%). Participants who developed caffeine‐withdrawal headache had significantly higher body mass index (27.2 ± 5.1 vs. 26.3 ± 5 [mean ± standard deviation], p‐value = 0.012), daily caffeine intake, mg (316 [185.2–537.8] vs. 144.4 [60.0–312.4] [median interquartile range (IQR)], p‐value < 0.001), and caffeine intake mg/kg body weight (4.7 [2.6–7.2] vs. 1.9 [0.8–4.4] [median (IQR)], p‐value < 0.001) than participants who did not develop it. Mild, moderate, and severe caffeine use disorder were found to have adjusted associations with developing caffeine‐withdrawal headache. They increased the odds of headache by 5.3 (95% CI = 3.40–8.3), 10.2 (95% CI = 5.9–17.5), and 15.5 (95% CI = 9.0–26.8) times, respectively. The optimal cut‐off value of daily caffeine intake/Kg body weight was determined at 1.97 mg/kg with an area under the curve of 0.722 and sensitivity and specificity of 85.1% and 50.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

Daily caffeine intake/kg body weight and caffeine use disorder are significantly associated with a caffeine‐withdrawal headache.
Development of a modified ABC method among Helicobacter pylori infected but serum pepsinogen test‐negative individuals
Authors: Sheng Chao , Sun Liping , Lyu Zhangyan , Li Limin , Zhang Yuhao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yacong , Dai Hongji , Huang Yubei , Song Fengju , Yuan Yuan , Chen Kexin
Published: March 2023

Background

Although the ABC method for gastric cancer (GC) screening has been widely adopted in Japan, it may not be suitable for other countries due to population heterogeneity and different tumor histology. We aim to develop a modified ABC method to improve GC screening performance, especially among Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infected but serum pepsinogen (sPG) test‐negative individuals.

Methods

A total of 4745 participants were recruited from Tianjin, China, and were classified into four groups by combined assay for Hp infection and sPG concentrations: Group A (Hp [−], PG [−]), Group B (Hp [+], PG [−]), Group C (Hp [+], PG [+]), and Group D (Hp [−], PG [+]). We used receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis and minimum p value method to determine the optimal cutoff point for PG II in Group B. We performed logistic regressions to examine the risk of GC across different subgroups. In addition to the derivation set, the performance of the modified ABC method was also evaluated in an external set involving 16,292 participants from Liaoning, China.

Results

In the modified ABC method, we further classified Group B as low‐risk (Group B1) and high‐risk subgroups (Group B2) using optimal sPG II cutoff point (20.0 ng/mL) by ROC curves analysis and minimum p value method. Compared with Group B1, Group B2 had a significantly higher risk of GC (adjusted OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.94–3.33). The modified ABC method showed good discrimination for GC (AUC = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.59–0.63) and improved risk reclassification (NRI = 0.11, p < .01). Similar results were observed in the validation dataset.

Conclusions

The modified ABC method can effectively identify high‐risk population for GC among Hp‐infected but sPG test‐negative participants in China.
John Henry Newman on the presence of God in the Eucharist; an inspiration for reflecting on the truth of dogma1
Authors: DeLaquil Edward
Published: March 2023

John Henry Newman is known for his consistent, coherent, and sincere thought on the questions of faith that were important to him and his communities. Newman shares philosophical and theological reflections in many works, such as, a complex analysis of philosophical and theological aspects of faith and a subtle articulation of infallibility. Yet, Newman provides relatively little on the Eucharist. As a Tractarian, Newman raises the philosophical issue of presence in the Eucharist, distinguishes between local and real presence, and articulates his faith in the latter. As an Oratorian, Newman does not write a treatise on the Eucharist. Instead, Newman's thoughts on the Eucharist are mostly contained within prayers, devotions, meditations, and some passing commentary on the liturgy, rites, and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Through a close reading of these texts, it is suggested that Newman provides a case study for the reflecting on the truth of dogma because of his incisive articulation of the sacramental presence of God in the Eucharist and his response to the use of the philosophical notion of transubstantiation.
Assessment of the DPP‐IV inhibitory potential of mung bean and adzuki bean protein hydrolysates using enzymatic hydrolysis process: specificity of peptidases and novel peptides
Authors: Karami Zohreh , Butkinaree Chutikarn , Somsong Pimpinun , Duangmal Kiattisak
Published: March 2023

Mung bean and adzuki bean protein concentrates were hydrolysed to the same degree of hydrolysis by two peptidases: Flavourzyme and Alcalase. Peptide fractions were analysed using MALDI‐TOF MS to investigate the differences in enzyme cleavage specificity and the inhibition activity of Dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV), using bioinformatics tools. It was shown that each peptidase showed specific selectivity in cleaving the designated substrate at a specific site. Alcalase main cutting sites on mung bean and adzuki bean proteins were identified as hydrophobic amino acid residues, particularly between Leu‐X (X‐Leu) or Phe‐X (X‐Phe) while Flavourzyme cleavage occurred between peptide bonds between Gln‐X (X‐Gln) or Pro‐X (X‐Pro). The findings demonstrated that Flavourzyme had a higher capacity for generating active peptides from both mung bean and adzuki bean protein concentrates with higher levels of DPP‐IV inhibitory activity. Proteomics and bioinformatics methodologies provided the essential knowledge required to explore novel peptides with DPP‐IV inhibitor potential from mung bean and adzuki bean hydrolysates.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of in vitro antibacterial activity of depolymerised polysaccharides
Authors: Rahmawati Inas Suci , Kusumaningrum Harsi Dewantari , Yuliana Nancy Dewi , Sitanggang Azis Boing
Published: March 2023

The relationship between molecular weight (MW) and antibacterial activity of depolymerised polysaccharides has often been inconsistent. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was performed to elucidate the effectiveness of depolymerisation methods in improving the antibacterial capabilities of polysaccharides. Chitosan was the most studied polysaccharide (65.55% of the included studies) with antibacterial activities, followed by sulfated algal polysaccharides, alginate, β‐glucan, pectin, xanthan, gum, xylan, agar, maltodextrin and miscellaneous polysaccharides extracted from various natural sources. The meta‐analysis revealed that regardless of polysaccharide type, depolymerised polysaccharides exerted superior inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli than against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, low MW (<10 kDa) anionic and non‐ionic polysaccharides were more effective than chitosan (10–100 kDa) in this regard. Though the high heterogeneity of the current meta‐analysis (I2 > 80%) limits the interpretation of results, it also implies that an understanding of polysaccharide bioactivity is currently lacking. More studies are needed to reach a reliable conclusion about the possible antibacterial activity of low‐MW polysaccharides.
Influence of amino acid profile and secondary structure on nutritional and functional properties of Trichilia emetica and Trichilia dregeana protein concentrates
Authors: Tsomele Gugu Felicity , Meiring Belinda , Anyasi Tonna Ashim , Mlambo Victor , Amonsou Eric , Lepule Sello Presley , Siwela Muthulisi , Wokadala Obiro Cuthbert
Published: March 2023

The high prevalence of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major concern in Africa. This problem could be resolved through the nutritional use of locally available underutilized tree seeds such as those from Trichilia species. This study determined and compared the amino acid profile, functional properties, and secondary structure of the proteins from Trichilia emetica and Trichilia dregeana oilseeds. The results showed that the essential amino acid levels of the two Trichilia seed proteins were above the recommended Food and Agricultural Organisation standard for adults, with essential‐to‐total (E/T) amino acid ratios (T. dregeana 52.8%; T. emetica 53.4%) and chemical scores of 100% for both species, which were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of soy proteins (53.0% and 100%, respectively). The amino acid profile results indicated that Trichilia oilseeds can serve as candidates for addressing protein malnutrition in economically disadvantaged communities of sub‐Saharan Africa. The secondary structure showed that the Trichilia oilseed proteins had significantly (P < 0.05) more β‐conformations compared to soybean proteins. Further, the functional properties suggested that Trichilia oilseed proteins can be used as ingredients in food and feed formulations due to their versatile functional properties.
The first record of gravid spiny butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela) in the northern Mediterranean Sea, with description of near‐term foetuses
Authors: Gajić Andrej A. , Karalić Emina , Beširović Hajrudin , Sulikowski James
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the first record of the critically endangered gravid female spiny butterfly ray, Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758), in the northern Mediterranean and simultaneously the only record of the species in this century for the Adriatic Sea. The female (173 cm disc width and 43.25 kg total weight) was captured at c. 200 m, off Vlorë in the southern Adriatic Sea off Albania on 12 May 2022. Upon necropsy, seven near‐term foetuses (mean 328 ± 6.47 mm disc width and mean 355 ± 20.06 g in total weight) were transported for further in‐vitro incubation. These results represent the deepest capture for the species, as well as the largest litter size and largest size at birth in the Mediterranean Sea, which indicates the need for further research.
Role of miR‐124‐3p in regulatory mechanisms of Gpm6a expression in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats
Authors: Alzuri Sofia Elisa , Rosas Nicolás Matías , Hlavacova Natasa , Jezova Daniela , Fuchsova Beata
Published: March 2023

The neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6a (GPM6A) belongs to the family of myelin proteolipid protein and plays a role in neuronal remodeling and plasticity. Decreased expression of GPM6A mRNA is observed in the hippocampal tissue of suicide victims who suffered from depression and after chronic stress exposure in animals. The regulatory mechanisms that impact expression of GPM6A under chronic stress or in pathological conditions are not well understood. Previously, miRNAs miR‐133b, miR‐124‐3p, and miR‐9‐5p have been shown to regulate the expression of Gpm6a mRNA under normal conditions. Here, we employed the paradigm of chronic‐restraint stress in rats and using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed down‐regulation of expression of Gpm6a and the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) genes at mRNA level as well as miR‐133b, and miR‐124‐3p, but not miR‐9‐5p in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. Furthermore, we observed alterations in the expression of histone deacetylase (Hdac5) and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2c) mRNAs. Our data suggest that chronic stress influences Gpm6a expression by miR‐124‐mediated impact on the expression of Hdac5 and Mef2c. Upon miR‐124 over‐expression in hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro, we observed enhanced neuronal arborization as evaluated by Sholl analysis, increased Gpm6a and Mef2c expression, and decreased Hdac5 expression. Moreover, treatment of hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro with BDNF resulted in an elevation in the miR‐124‐3p expression, a decrease in the miR‐9‐5p expression but did not affect miR‐133b. This was accompanied by augmented expression of Gpm6a and Mef2c mRNAs and significantly lower levels of Hdac5 mRNA. Altogether, these results indicate that the regulatory mechanism that influence expression of Gpm6a under chronic stress involves miR‐124‐mediated impact on the expression of Hdac5 and Mef2c and a role of BDNF in the activation of Gpm6a expression.

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Effectiveness of virtual reality interventions on physiological and psychological outcomes of adults with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Turan Kavradim Selma , Yangöz Şefika T. , Özer Zeynep
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the effectiveness of virtual reality interventions on the physiological and psychological outcomes of adults with cardiovascular disease.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

Database searches were carried out in CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Ovid without restriction of year up to December 2021. The study was carried out in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane 2021 recommendations. The intervention effects were pooled using the random effects model. The Risk of Bias 2 tool was' used to assess the risk of bias. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed.

Findings

In total, 14 trials were included. The included studies found a significantly higher effect on anxiety (Hedge'sg = −0.85, 95% CI: −1.55 to −0.14,p = 0.01) and a medium effect on physical functional capacity (Hedge'sg = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.01 to 1.08,p = 0.05), stress (Hedge'sg = −0.36, 95% CI: −0.60 to −0.11,p = 0.01), and depression (Hedge'sg = −0.39, 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.11,p = 0.01) compared to the control group. The Cochrane GRADE approach showed low level evidence for the effect of virtual reality on anxiety and moderate level evidence for stress, depression, and physical functional capacity.

Conclusions

The effect size and grade evaluation results showed that virtual reality may be an effective intervention to reduce anxiety, stress, and depression and to increase physical functional capacity in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, more study is necessary in order to establish evidence.

Registration

Registered in the PROSPERO database: PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews Registration number: CRD42022296578.
Area four technique: An effective injection approach to the posterior facial frame aesthetic treatment with injectable hyaluronic acid fillers
Authors: Chen Xi , Xu Yipin , Xiao Zhigang , Liu Guangpeng , Li Mei
Published: March 2023

Background

Defined as a contour line from the hairline, the zygomatic arch, to the ramus and gonial angle area of the mandible, posterior facial frame (PFF) is an important aesthetic units of the face. With the development of hyaluronic acid fillers and the improvement of injection techniques, minimally invasive injection has become one of the first options to improve PFF. However, effective and systematic injection methods to improve PFF are rarely reported in the literature.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 200 patients treated with area four technique for PFF. According to the clinical manifestations, PFF was divided into four types, and the injection strategies of the different types were described. GAIS (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale) at 1 month and 3 months by patients after treatment was evaluated as primary end point. Nine‐item aesthetic assessment scores reviewed by two independent observers with experience were performed.

Results

GAIS showed that patients' profile was remarkably improved for 90% of total number of subjects. Before and 3 months after treatment, the assessed scores of the lateral cheek lifting (3.17 ± 0.21 vs. 2.56 ± 0.31) and PFF (3.78 ± 0.56 vs. 2.19 ± 0.48) were statistically significant reduced (p < 0.01). The jawline contouring scale (2.32 ± 0.45 vs. 1.23 ± 0.31) and the lateral cheek fullness scale (3.01 ± 0.23 vs. 2.09 ± 0.17) showed a statistically moderate decrease (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Area four technique provides a safe and convenient method for classifying and treating patients with insufficent PFF, which makes up for the multisite systematic injection of the face.
Nuclear effectors of plant pathogens: Distinct strategies to be one step ahead
Authors: Harris William , Kim Seongbeom , Vӧlz Ronny , Lee Yong‐Hwan
Published: March 2023

Nuclear effector proteins released by bacteria, oomycete, nematode, and fungi burden the global environment and crop yield. Microbial effectors are key weapons in the evolutionary arms race between plants and pathogens, vital in determining the success of pathogenic colonization. Secreted effectors undermine a multitude of host cellular processes depending on their target destination. Effectors are classified by their localization as either extracellular (apoplastic) or intracellular. Intracellular effectors can be further subclassified by their compartment such as the nucleus, cytoplasm or chloroplast. Nuclear effectors bring into question the role of the plant nucleus' intrinsic defence strategies and their vulnerability to effector‐based manipulation. Nuclear effectors interfere with multiple nuclear processes including the epigenetic regulation of the host chromatin, the impairment of the trans‐kingdom antifungal RNAi machinery, and diverse classes of immunity‐associated host proteins. These effector‐targeted pathways are widely conserved among different hosts and regulate a broad array of plant cellular processes. Thus, these nuclear sites constitute meaningful targets for effectors to subvert the plant defence system and acquire resources for pathogenic propagation. This review provides an extensive and comparative compilation of diverse plant microbe nuclear effector libraries, thereby highlighting the distinct and conserved mechanisms these effectors employ to modulate plant cellular processes for the pathogen's profit.
Unveiling the Mechanism of Photodamage to Sphingolipid Molecules via Laser Flash Photolysis and EPR
Authors: Lisouskaya Aliaksandra , Schiemann Olav , Carmichael Ian
Published: March 2023

Sphingolipids are involved in the maintenance of the skin barrier function and regulate cellular processes of keratinocytes. The work reported here is designed to uncover details of the mechanism of damage to such lipids by UV radiation. Our approach employs laser flash photolysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry to explore the mechanism of the decay reactions, and to determine the associated kinetic parameters. To interpret our experiments, we computed both excitation energies and EPR parameters of radicals formed during photolysis. Employing the spin‐trap EPR method confirmed the formation of both carbon‐ and nitrogen‐centered radicals. Thus, we can conclude that the photodecomposition of sphingolipids and their analogues proceeds by Norrish type I reactions with the formation of both nitrogen‐centered and alkyl radicals.
Optimising platelet usage during the induction therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia: Impact of physician education
Authors: Gnanaraj John , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh , Kayal Smita , Sahoo Dibyajyothi , Toora Esha , Dubashi Biswajit , Ganesan Prasanth
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Platelet products are scarce and expensive resources to be used judiciously. However, inappropriate usage is common. Lack of physician awareness is an important issue. We implemented a physician education program (PEP) along with repeated WhatsApp reminders at our centre. We audited the platelet usage practise before and after the intervention.

Methods

Charts of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treated between January 2020 and August 2020 was reviewed, and the mean platelet usage per patient per day was calculated. Physician education was implemented between September 2020 and December 2020 (2 PowerPoint lectures of 20 min each and weekly WhatsApp messages containing the guidelines). Data of patients treated between Jan 2021 and August 2021 was prospectively audited to understand platelet usage and the indications for transfusions. The British Committee for the Standards in Haematology (BCSH) platelet transfusion guidelines were used as the adjudication tool to evaluate compliance. The mean platelet usage per day per kg body weight of a patient before and after the PEP was compared using the t‐test.

Results

Group A (before physician education) consisted of 22 patients, and group B (after physician education) consisted of 23 patients. The mean number of platelet transfusions for each patient in a day per kg body weight was 125.7 × 108 in group A whereas, after the PEP, it had reduced to 73.9 × 108 amounting to an absolute reduction of 51 × 108 (58.8%) from the baseline with a statistical significance of P = 0.001. After implementing the PEP, the mean number of random donor platelets used reduced by 10.25 units (34% reduction), and the mean single donor platelets used reduced by 0.83 units (19% reduction). The 190 requests for platelet transfusion received during this period were classified as appropriate (157/190), which constituted 82.63% of the requests, or inappropriate (33/190), which accounted for 17.36%.

Conclusions

A short‐duration education programme supplemented with weekly WhatsApp messages and an active feedback mechanism on the rationale of platelet transfusion by the treating physician and transfusion specialist could significantly reduce platelet consumption during the therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia patients. This is a measure that can be considered by all high‐volume haematology centres, which can improve patient safety and reduce costs.
The development of the normal Schirmer tear test results during the dog's first year of life
Authors: de Sampaio Manuella Oliveira Borges , Moore Bret A. , de Seabra Nathália Mendonça , Bortolini Mariza , Vieira Thayane Cristina , Martins Camilla Bolmann , de Souza Ana Leticia Groszewicz , Martins Camila Marinelli , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano
Published: March 2023

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between lacrimation and age in a homogeneous group of healthy beagle dogs during the first year of life.

Materials and methods

Schirmer tear test I (STT I) was performed at an interval of 12–15 days in both eyes of 16 clinically healthy beagle dogs (eight males and eight females) from 94 to 361 days of age. Three different quadratic polynomial regression equations were estimated for the variation in lacrimation: (1) for the entire period (19 observations), (2) for observations 1–4 (days 94–136), and (3) for observations 5–19 (days 150–361).

Results

By fitting quadratic regression equations to different phases of tear production during the dog's first year of life, it was possible to see that with each day of life, lacrimation increased 0.08 times (8%). From days 94 to 136, however, lacrimal production fell 1.1 times with each day of life. From day 150 to 361, production increased by 0.02 (2%) each day of life. In addition, there was a positive significant and moderate linear correlation between body weight and STT I values (p = .01).

Conclusion

In dogs, during the first year of life, STT I data distribution is parabolic in shape. Age significantly affected tear production. STT I decreased at approximately 108–121 days of age and increased thereafter. Body weight was a significant factor for STT I in young dogs. The establishment of this normal pattern of lacrimation is important for both clinical practitioners and laboratory studies.
Telehealth in palliative care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Lin Chia‐Chin
Published: March 2023

Background

The coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused unprecedented disruption to healthcare delivery worldwide. The use of telehealth practices rapidly expanded during the pandemic, while its application in palliative care remains a conflicted issue.

Aims

The aims of this study were to evaluate users' reports of their satisfaction with telehealth palliative care during COVID‐19 and to identify facilitators and barriers to telehealth implementation in palliative care during COVID‐19.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature, including studies between January 2020 and June 2022, was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Empirical studies of telehealth in palliative care during COVID‐19 were included.

Results

A total of 18 studies were included in the review, of which nine were outpatient consultations, four were family meetings, two were remote volunteering programs, two were inpatient care, and one was a residential care home needs assessment. The satisfaction rates were high (66%–99%) among patients and family members who participated in telehealth consultations, but the satisfaction with family meetings was mixed. Compared with their clients, healthcare professionals were less likely to assess telehealth as satisfactory. The authors identified four barriers and four facilitators. The barriers were technological challenges, lack of nonverbal communication, ethical concerns, and limitations for clinical practice. The facilitators were accessibility and convenience, visual cues, facilitation and training, and family engagement.

Linking Evidence to Action

This systematic mixed studies review suggests that current evidence supports the feasibility of telehealth implementation in palliative care for outpatient consultations and routine follow‐up appointments. This review also identified facilitators and barriers to telehealth in palliative care, and the findings can inform the implementation of future palliative care services. Future attention should be paid to the effectiveness of telehealth implementation in palliative care patients.
Analysis of the Furniture Industrial Panorama, in Brazil, in Relation to the Adoption of Industry 4.0 Technologies
Authors: Schreiber Dusan , Feil Alexandre André , Froehlich Cristiane , José Becker Vilson
Published: March 2023

The furniture industry is a traditional segment, with a global presence, and as in other markets and segments, globalization has contributed to creating an environment of fierce competition between small, medium and large companies. China, the European Union and the United States are the biggest producers and also the biggest consumers of furniture products. Brazil is also included in this market, but with lower production and consumption volumes. The objective of this study is to analyze panorama of the furniture industry in Brazil and abroad, in relation to the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies to foster new working conditions and productivity. In this work, authors opted for the format of reflective theoretical essay, based on the result of systematic review of literature, performed in Scopus, in February, 2023, employing keywords “Furniture manufacturing” and “Industry 4.0”, with any other restrictions. Only 47 articles were published in this timeline. Analyzing these articles was evidenced that main obstacles to the adoption of technologies I4.0 is related to the insufficient proofs of the advantages and benefits that these technologies may provide for furniture manufacturing process, lack of the awareness of the employees to enable internalization of knowledge about technologies of 4.0 industry. To accomplish this will be necessary to perform actions to establish collaborative networks, both internal and external, to validate the new organizational practices/ routines, and consolidate its adoption in the manufacturing environment. As conclusion of the study is possible to state that the lack of knowledge of I4.0 technologies and their benefits, by workforce and organizational managers also, lack of financing sources and of government policies to foster adoption of technologies I4.0 are among main obstacles to the adoption of the technologies of industry 4.0. Reducing the distance between universities and industries, investing in R&D, using already available and low-cost technologies and adopting proven and established production methods were also highlighted as premises for I4's technologies and that may to succeed in the furniture segment. I4.0 technologies show the potential to maximize productivity and profitability by reducing lead time, operating costs, increasing quality, flexibility of the operational process, in addition to differentiated design.
Nature Management and Protection of Archaeological Sites in Estonia
Authors: Lillak Anu
Published: March 2023

Archaeological monuments are mostly situated in the natural environment and in Estonia are sometimes also protected under the Nature Conservation Act, meaning they are double protected and double managed as well. The system has its challenges, benefits and dangers, since the protection regimes for nature or heritage protection sites are slightly different. In some cases, they complement each other, but there are cases where the protection regimes may diverge. The nature conservation-related management of archaeological monuments in Estonia is described and a few examples of such cases are discussed.
Finite Element Analysis of Maxillary Anterior Dentition During Retraction With Varying Level of Bone Support
Authors: Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Pradhan Rururaja , Mondal Nitesh , Ballav Sejuti , Rana Masud
Published: March 2023

This study is being carried out to evaluate and compare the stress along the root surfaces of anterior maxillary dentition during retraction in labial and lingual mechanics with varying level of bone support. Eight three-dimensional finite element models (FEM) were created with normal periodontium and different levels of alveolar bone loss; four with labial brackets and four with lingual brackets. Sliding mechanics were simulated as en-masse retraction of the anterior dentition. The equivalent stresses along the roots of six anterior maxillary teeth were measured in all the models. Equivalent stresses generated at the root surfaces of central incisors are always higher in labial technique and of canines are always higher in lingual technique, suggesting the increased vulnerability toward root resorption in both cases. Stresses at the root apices of all the teeth are increasing progressively when the bone loss is progressively more than 2 mm in labial technique. In labial technique, the stresses at the root apices of all the teeth are increasing progressively when the bone loss is progressively more than 2 mm. In Lingual technique, equivalent stresses generated at the root surfaces of canines are more than central and lateral incisors irrespective of the alveolar bone loss, suggesting increased susceptibility to root resorption.
Study on the Residual Stress Distribution of Bi-Directional Cold Expansion Process Performed on Open Holes
Authors: Yan Wuzhu , Wang Yaowei , Liang Shujing , Huo Shihui
Published: March 2023

Traditional unidirectional cold expansion technology usually generates non-uniform distribution of residual stress in the thickness direction of holes, which is harmful to the improvement of fatigue life of holes. The present work proposed a bi-directional cold expansion procedure to realize the homogenization of residual stress in the thickness direction of the cold expanded hole, thereby further improved antifatigue performance of cold expanded hole. For this aim, a series of finite element (FE) simulations were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the bi-directional cold expansion procedure and optimize the process parameters. The results showed that the optimized bi-directional cold expansion process generated a more uniform distribution of residual circumferential compressive stress in the thickness direction comparing to the simplified bidirectional cold expansion process using a single mandrel. For the Aluminum alloy 7050-T7451, when the first interference level I1 = 1.8%, the largest and the most uniform residual circumferential compressive stress was achieved, which suggested the best anti-fatigue performance.
Evolution of flow reversal and flow heterogeneities in high elasticity wormlike micelles (WLMs) with a yield stress
Authors: McCauley Patrick J. , Huang Christine , Porcar Lionel , Kumar Satish , Calabrese Michelle A.
Published: March 2023

The formation and evolution of a heterogeneous flow and flow reversal are examined in highly elastic, gel-like wormlike micelles (WLMs) formed from an amphiphilic triblock poloxamer P234 in 2M NaCl. A combination of linear viscoelastic, steady shear, and creep rheology demonstrate that these WLMs have a yield stress and exhibit viscoelastic aging, similar to some soft glassy materials. Nonlinear shear rheology and rheoparticle tracking velocimetry reveal that these poloxamer WLMs undergo a period of strong elastic recoil and flow reversal after the onset of shear startup. As flow reversal subsides, a fluidized high shear rate region and a nearly immobile low shear rate region of fluid form, accompanied by wall slip and elastic instabilities. The features of this flow heterogeneity are reminiscent of those for aging yield stress fluids, where the heterogeneous flow forms during the initial stress overshoot and is sensitive to the inherent stress gradient of the flow geometry. Additionally, macroscopic bands that form transiently above a critical shear rate become “trapped” due to viscoelastic aging in the nearly immobile region. This early onset of the heterogeneous flow during the rapidly decreasing portion of the stress overshoot differs from that typically observed in shear banding WLMs and is proposed to be necessary for observing significant flow reversal. Exploring the early-time, transient behavior of this WLM gel with rheology similar to both WLM solutions and soft glassy materials provides new insights into spatially heterogeneous flows in both of these complex fluids.
Mobile Electroencephalography Reveals Differences in Cortical Processing During Exercises With Lower and Higher Cognitive Demands in Preadolescent Children
Authors: Becker Linda , Büchel Daniel , Lehmann Tim , Kehne Miriam , Baumeister Jochen
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether cortical activity changes during exercise with increasing cognitive demands in preadolescent children. Method: Twenty healthy children (8.75 [0.91] y) performed one movement game, which was conducted with lower and higher cognitive demands. During a baseline measurement and both exercise conditions, cortical activity was recorded using a 64-channel electroencephalographic system, and heart rate was assessed. Ratings of perceived excertion and perceived cognitive engagement were examined after each condition. To analyze power spectral density in the theta, alpha-1, and alpha-2 frequency bands, an adaptive mixture independent component analysis was used to determine the spatiotemporal sources of cortical activity, and brain components were clustered to identify spatial clusters. Results: One-way repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed significant main effects for condition on theta in the prefrontal cluster, on alpha-1 in the prefrontal, central, bilateral motor, bilateral parieto-occipital, and occipital clusters, and on alpha-2 in the left motor, central, and left parieto-occipital clusters. Compared with the lower cognitive demand exercise, cortical activity was significantly higher in theta power in the prefrontal cluster and in alpha-1 power in the occipital cluster during the higher cognitive demand exercise. Conclusion: The present study shows that exercise complexity seems to influence cortical processing as it increased with increasing cognitive demands.
Physical Activity Levels and Adiposity in Ambulant Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy Compared With Their Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Janzen Leticia , Toomey Clodagh M. , Brunton Laura K. , Condliffe Elizabeth G. , Esau Shane , Kirton Adam , Emery Carolyn A. , Kuntze Gregor
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study assessed physical activity (PA) and body composition of ambulatory children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and their typically developing peers. Methods: Participants included youth with CP (ages 8–18 y and Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I–III) and their typically developing peers. Outcomes included PA (actigraphy) and fat/lean mass index (FMI/LMI; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Statistical analyses included linear mixed effects models with Bonferroni adjustment. Fixed effects were study group (CP and typically developing); random effects were participant clusters (sex and age). Exploratory analyses included association of body composition and PA, GMFCS level, and CP involvement (unilateral and bilateral). Results: Seventy-eight participants (CP: n = 40, girls: n = 29; GMFCS I: n = 20; GMFCS II: n = 14; GMFCS III: n = 6) met inclusion criteria. Individuals with CP had lower moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA; β = −12.5; 98.3% confidence interval, −22.6 to −2.5 min; P = .004) and lower LMI (β = −1.1; 97.5% confidence interval, −2.1 to −0.0 kg/m2; P = .020). Exploratory analyses indicated increased LMI with greater MVPA (P = .001), reduced MVPA for GMFCS II (P = .005) and III (P = .001), increased sedentary time for GMFCS III (P = .006), and greater fat mass index with unilateral motor impairment (P = .026). Conclusions: The findings contribute to the knowledge base of increasing MVPA and LMI deficits with the greater functional impact of CP. Associations of increasing LMI with greater MVPA support efforts targeting enhanced PA participation to promote independent mobility.
Hedgehog-induced ZFYVE21 promotes chronic vascular inflammation by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes in T cells
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Shaoxun , Song Guiyu , Jiang Quan , Fan Matthew , Fang Caodi , Li Xue , Soh Chien Lin , Manes Thomas D. , Cheru Nardos , Qin Lingfeng , Ren Pengwei , Jortner Bianca , Wang Qianxun , Quaranta Emma , Yoo Peter , Geirsson Arnar , Davis Robert P. , Tellides George , Pober Jordan S. , Jane-wit Dan
Published: March 2023

The zinc finger protein ZFYVE21 is involved in immune signaling. Using humanized mouse models, primary human cells, and patient samples, we identified a T cell–autonomous role for ZFYVE21 in promoting chronic vascular inflammation associated with allograft vasculopathy. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) stimulated endothelial cells to produce Hedgehog (Hh) ligands, which in turn induced the production of ZFYVE21 in a population of T memory cells with high amounts of the Hh receptor PTCH1 (PTCH
hi
cells, CD3
+
CD4
+
CD45RO
+
PTCH1
hi
PD-1
hi
), vigorous recruitment to injured endothelia, and increased effector responses in vivo. After priming by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Hh-induced ZFYVE21 activated NLRP3 inflammasome activity in T cells, which potentiated IFN-γ responses. Hh-induced NLRP3 inflammasomes and T cell–specific ZFYVE21 augmented the vascular sequelae of chronic inflammation in mice engrafted with human endothelial cells or coronary arteries that had been subjected to IRI before engraftment. Moreover, the population of PTCH
hi
T cells producing high amounts of ZFYVE21 was expanded in patients with renal transplant–associated IRI, and sera from these patients expanded this population in control T cells in a manner that depended on Hh signaling. We conclude that Hh-induced ZFYVE21 activates NLRP3 inflammasomes in T cells, thereby promoting chronic inflammation.
Extensive Cryptic Diversity and Ecological Associations Uncovered among Mexican and Global Collections of
Naegleria
and
Vermamoeba
Species by 18S Ribosomal DNA, Internal Transcribed Spacer, and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Sequence Analysis
Authors: Zurita-Artaloitia Juan M. , Rivera Javier , Vinuesa Pablo
Published: March 2023

Our study sheds new light on the population genetic structure of
V. vermiformis
and diverse
Naegleria
species. Using improved molecular markers and advanced analytical approaches, we discovered that
N. americana
, previously considered a single species, actually contains multiple distinct lineages, as revealed by COI sequencing.
Maternal outcomes in association with motor vehicle crashes during pregnancy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study
Authors: Chang Ya-Hui , Chien Yu-Wen , Chang Chiung-Hsin , Chen Ping-Ling , Lu Tsung-Hsueh , Hsu I-Lin , Li Chung-Yi
Published: March 2023

Background

Limited studies have assessed the association of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) during pregnancy with adverse maternal outcomes using a population-based nationwide dataset that covers all MVCs.

Methods

A total of 20 844 births from women who had been involved in MVCs during pregnancy were obtained from the National Birth Notification (BN) Database in Taiwan. We randomly selected 83 274 control births from women in the BN matched on age, gestational age and crash date. All study subjects were linked to medical claims and the Death Registry to identify the maternal outcomes after crashes. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% CI of adverse outcomes associated with MVCs during pregnancy.

Results

Pregnant women involved in MVCs had significantly higher risks of placental abruption (aOR=1.51, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.74), prolonged uterine contractions (aOR=1.31, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.53), antepartum haemorrhage (aOR=1.19, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.26) and caesarean delivery (aOR=1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09) than the controls. Such elevated risks tended to be higher in the MVCs with greater severity. Scooter riders had higher ORs of various adverse maternal outcomes than car drivers.

Conclusions

Women involved in MVCs during pregnancy were at increased risk of various adverse maternal outcomes, especially in those with severe MVCs and riding scooters at MVCs. These findings suggest that clinicians should be aware of these effects, and educational materials that include the above information should be provided as part of prenatal care.
High-density linkage maps detail sex-specific regions of suppressed recombination near fusions of polymorphic chromosomes in purebred and hybrid North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: MacLeod-Bigley Melissa L.M. , Boulding Elizabeth G.
Published: March 2023

The North American (NA) Atlantic salmon typically has 27 pairs of chromosomes, whereas the European (EU) subspecies typically has 29. We investigated within-family recombination within three previously identified chromosome rearrangements ( Ssa01p/23, Ssa08/29, and Ssa26/28) in NA Atlantic salmon by creating high-density linkage maps using a custom 50K SNP chip developed for the Saint John River aquaculture strain. Linkage maps created for individual purebred and EU hybrid parents in 10 full-sibling families averaged 14 337 SNPs per cross, covering 43 033 SNPs from the 50K SNP chip. Chromosomal translocation Ssa01p/23 was fixed except in one hybrid female map. In contrast, fusion Ssa08/29 was present in maps in 4 out of 10 females and 8 out of 10 males, whereas fusion Ssa26/28 was present in maps in 6 out of 10 females and 8 out of 10 males. The orientation of Ssa08/29 differed from the previous map; the short arm of the metacentric Ssa08 was fused to the centromere of the acrocentric Ssa29. We detected large regions of recombination suppression in female maps at the fusion of Ssa08 to Ssa29. This suppression may reduce the impacts of aneuploidy resulting from pairing of fused and unfused chromosomes, thereby allowing the persistence of chromosomal polymorphisms in this population.
Deep learning searches for vector-like leptons at the LHC and electron/muon colliders
Authors: Morais António P. , Onofre António , Freitas Felipe F. , Gonçalves João , Pasechnik Roman , Santos Rui
Published: March 2023

The discovery potential of both singlet and doublet vector-like leptons (VLLs) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) as well as at the not-so-far future muon and electron machines is explored. The focus is on a single production channel for LHC direct searches while double production signatures are proposed for the leptonic colliders. A Deep Learning algorithm to determine the discovery (or exclusion) statistical significance at the LHC is employed. While doublet VLLs can be probed up to masses of 1 TeV, their singlet counterparts have very low cross sections and can hardly be tested beyond a few hundreds of GeV at the LHC. This motivates a physics-case analysis in the context of leptonic colliders where one obtains larger cross sections in VLL double production channels, allowing to probe higher mass regimes otherwise inaccessible even to the LHC high-luminosity upgrade.
On the Residual Finiteness of a Class of Infinite Soluble Groups
Authors: Liao Jun , Liu Heguo , Luo Xiaoliang , Xu Xingzhong
Published: March 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a completely decomposable homogeneous torsion-free abelian group of rank [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Let [Formula: see text] be the split extension of [Formula: see text] by an automorphism [Formula: see text] which is a cyclic permutation of the direct components twisted by a rational integer [Formula: see text]. Then [Formula: see text] is an infinite soluble group. In this paper, the residual finiteness of [Formula: see text] is investigated.