bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning of Silver Content on the Antibacterial and Biological Properties of Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate 3D-Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Menotti Francesca , Scutera Sara , Coppola Bartolomeo , Longo Fabio , Mandras Narcisa , Cavallo Lorenza , Comini Sara , Sparti Rosaria , Fiume Elisa , Cuffini Anna Maria , Banche Giuliana , Palmero Paola , Allizond Valeria
Published: September 2023

There is a growing interest in tissue engineering, in which biomaterials play a pivotal role in promoting bone regeneration. Furthermore, smart functionalization can provide biomaterials with the additional role of preventing orthopedic infections. Due to the growing microbial resistance to antimicrobials used to treat those infections, metal ions, such as silver, thanks to their known wide range of bactericidal properties, are believed to be promising additives in developing antibacterial biomaterials. In this work, novel poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based 3D scaffolds have been designed and developed, where the polymer matrix was modified with both silver (Ag), to supply antibacterial behavior, and calcium phosphates (biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP) particles to impart bioactive/bioresorbable properties. The microstructural analysis showed that constructs were characterized by square-shaped macropores, in line with the morphology and size of the templating salts used as pore formers. Degradation tests demonstrated the important role of calcium phosphates in improving PCL hydrophilicity, leading to a higher degradation degree for BCP/PCL composites compared to the neat polymer after 18 days of soaking. The appearance of an inhibition halo around the silver-functionalized PCL scaffolds for assayed microorganisms and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in both adherent and planktonic bacteria demonstrate the Ag+ release from the 3D constructs. Furthermore, the PCL scaffolds enriched with the lowest silver percentages did not hamper the viability and proliferation of Saos-2 cells. A synergic combination of antimicrobial, osteoproliferative and biodegradable features provided to 3D scaffolds the required potential for bone tissue engineering, beside anti-microbial properties for reduction in prosthetic joints infections.
Finite Element Analysis of Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Cranial Implant Manufactured with PMMA and PEEK: A Mechanical Comparative Study
Authors: Moncayo-Matute Freddy P. , Vázquez-Silva Efrén , Peña-Tapia Pablo G. , Torres-Jara Paúl B. , Moya-Loaiza Diana P. , Viloria-Ávila Tony J.
Published: September 2023

This article reports on a patient who required a cranial protection system. Using additive manufacturing techniques and surgical planning with the help of bio-models, a patient-specific bone implant solution was proposed that allows aesthetic restoration of the affected area and provides an adequate level of protection. In addition, through a comparative analysis with finite elements, the mechanical response to external actions of the medical device, printed with two materials: polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), is simulated. The tested materials have recognized biocompatibility properties, but their costs on the market differ significantly. The results obtained demonstrate the similarities in the responses of both materials. It offers the possibility that low-income people can access these devices, guaranteeing adequate biomechanical safety, considering that PMMA is a much cheaper material than PEEK.
Antioxidant Activity of Biogenic Cinnamic Acid Derivatives in Polypropylene
Authors: Mayer Jannik , Steinbrecher René , Metzsch-Zilligen Elke , Pfaendner Rudolf
Published: September 2023

Antioxidants (AOs) from natural resources are an attractive research area, as petroleum-based products can be replaced in polymer stabilization. Therefore, novel esters based on the p-hydroxycinnamic acids p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid were synthesized and their structure properties relationships were investigated. The structures of the novel bio-based antioxidants were verified using NMR and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The high thermal stability above 280 °C and, therefore, their suitability as potential plastic stabilizers were shown using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The radical scavenging activity of the synthesized esters was evaluated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Stabilization performance was evaluated in polypropylene (PP) using extended extrusion experiments, oxidation induction time (OIT) measurements and accelerated heat aging. In particular, the sinapic acid derivative provides a processing stability of PP being superior to the commercial state-of-the-art stabilizer octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.
Effect of Incorporation of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Physicochemical, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of Biobased and Biodegradable Blends
Authors: Tavares Loleny , Sousa Liliana R. , Silva Sara Magalhães da , Lima Paulo S. , Oliveira J. M.
Published: September 2023

This work aimed to study the effect of the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GRA 0.5% and 1% (w/w)) on the matrices of biobased polymers composed of starch-based materials (B20) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) using pine rosin (RES) as a compatibilizer. Three formulations were produced (B20/RES/PBS, B20/RES/PBS/GRA0.5%, and B20/RES/PBS/GRA1%), and their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact), rheological behavior, thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), chemical analysis (Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy), and contact angle were evaluated. Hardness (Shore D), tensile, and flexural moduli increased, whereas elongation at break and toughness decreased as GRA content increased. FTIR studies strongly supported the existence of interactions between polymeric matrices and the large surface area of GRA. The viscosity flow curves were well fitted to the Cross-Williams-Landel-Ferry (Cross-WLF) model, and the three formulations exhibited non-Newtonian (shear-thinning) behavior. The analysis of water contact angles indicated that the formulation surfaces have hydrophilic behavior. All the samples are thermally stable, and the results of this study can be used to optimize the application of biobased graphene-based composites for applications in injection molding industries.
Macromolecular Hydrodynamics and Fractal Structures of the Lignins of Fir Wood and Oat Husks
Authors: Karmanov Anatoly , Kocheva Lyudmila , Borisenkov Mikhail , Belyi Vladimir
Published: September 2023

The topological structure of the macromolecules of lignins isolated from oat husk and fir wood was studied by means of macromolecular hydrodynamic methods. The macromolecular properties were analyzed by evaluating the intrinsic viscosity and coefficients of the translational diffusion and the sedimentation velocity of the lignins in dilute dimethylformamide solutions. The average molecular weights (MDη) and polydispersity parameters were calculated based on the results of the fractionation, as follows: Mw = 14.6 × 103, Mn = 9.0, and Mw/Mn = 1.62 for lignins from fir wood and Mw = 14.9 Mn = 13.5 and Mw/Mn = 1.1 for lignins from oat husks. The fractal analysis of the lignin macromolecules allowed us to identify the distinctive characteristics of the fractal and topological structures of these lignins. The measurements indicated that the fractal dimension (df) values of the guaiacyl-syringyl lignins from oat husks were between 1.71 and 1.85, while the df of a typical guaiacyl lignin from fir wood was ~2.3. Thus, we determined that the lignin macromolecules of oat husks belong to the diffusion-limited aggregation-type cluster–cluster class of fractals of the Meakin–Kolb type, with a predominance of characteristics common to a linear configuration. The lignins of softwood fir trees exhibited a branched topological structure, and they belong to the diffusion-limited aggregation-type particle–cluster class of fractals of the Witten–Sander type. Lignins from oat husks have the linear topology of macromolecules while the macromolecules of the lignins from fir wood can be characterized as highly branched polymers.
Antimicrobial Wound Dressings based on Bacterial Cellulose and Independently Loaded with Nutmeg and Fir Needle Essential Oils
Authors: Lemnaru (Popa) Georgiana-Madalina , Motelica Ludmila , Trusca Roxana Doina , Ilie Cornelia Ioana , Croitoru Alexa-Maria , Ficai Denisa , Oprea Ovidiu , Stoica-Guzun Anicuta , Ficai Anton , Ditu Lia-Mara , Tihăuan Bianca-Maria
Published: September 2023

The aim of the present study was to obtain antimicrobial dressings from bacterial cellulose loaded with nutmeg and of fir needle essential oils. The attractive properties of BC, such as biocompatibility, good physicochemical and mechanical stability, and high water absorption, led to the choice of this material to be used as a support. Essential oils have been added to provide antimicrobial properties to these dressings. The results confirmed the presence of oils in the structure of the bacterial cellulose membrane and the ability of the materials to inhibit the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. By performing antibacterial tests on membranes loaded with fir needle essential oil, we demonstrated the ability of these membranes to inhibit bacterial adhesion to the substrate. The samples loaded with nutmeg essential oil exhibited the ability to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria to the surface of the materials, with the 5% sample showing a significant decrease. The binding of essential oils to the membrane was confirmed by thermal analysis and infrared characterization.
The Study Influence Analysis of the Mathematical Model Choice for Describing Polymer Behavior
Authors: Kamenskikh Anna A. , Nosov Yuriy O. , Bogdanova Anastasia P.
Published: September 2023

The article considered the three types of description of the material behavior model: elastic, elastic–plastic, and viscoelastic. The problem is considered in the framework of deformable solid mechanics. The paper considers the possibility of describing modern polymeric and composite materials used as antifriction sliding layers in the viscoelasticity framework. A numerical procedure for finding the coefficients to describe the viscoelastic material behavior using the Prony model has been implemented. Numerical results and experimental data are compared. The model problem of spherical indenter penetration into polymer half-space is realized. The influence of the system discretization on the numerical solution is analyzed. The influence of the polymer behavior description in static and dynamic problem formulations is analyzed.
The Evaluation of the Fire Safety of the Digestate as An Alternative Bedding Material
Authors: Jaďuďová Jana , Marková Iveta , Šťastná Milada , Giertlová Zuzana
Published: September 2023

Digestate is the material remaining after the anaerobic digestion of a biodegradable feedstock. The use of digestate as a bedding material is analyzed marginally. The aim of the paper is to monitor the change of the solid phase of digestate due to the action of radiant heat and, based on the results, determine the options of using the solid phase of the digestate for bedding material. Experimental determination of the digestate ignition temperature was carried out according to EN 50281-2-1 (1998) by a hotplate device. Different amounts of samples (3, 5, and 10 g) on the course of thermal degradation were monitored. The results showed higher temperatures of thermal degradation in samples of additionally dried digestate, where these processes were observed earlier in terms of time. Samples of 3 and 10 g of digestate are not suitable as bedding material due to the fire safety of the material.
Research on the Formulation Design of Nano-Oil Displacement Agents Suitable for Xinjiang Jimusaer Shale Oil
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Xianglu , Wang Jian , Peng Mengjiao , Ma Liqiang , Xu Mengxiao , Hou Junwei
Published: September 2023

In order to improve the recovery efficiency of the Jimusaer tight reservoir in Xinjiang, the nanometer oil displacement agent system suitable for the Jimusaer reservoir was used. In view of the low permeability, high formation temperature, and high salinity characteristics of the prepared water in the Jimusaer tight conglomerate reservoir in Xinjiang, the performance of the nanometer oil displacement agent affecting oil recovery was studied; the study considered interfacial tension, temperature resistance, wetting performance, static oil washing efficiency, and long-term stability. Nanometer oil displacement agent No. 4 had the lowest interfacial tension and could reach the order of 10−1 mN∙m−1; it had excellent temperature resistance and the best static oil washing efficiency and stability. Nano-oil displacement agent No. 2 had the best emulsification performance and wettability and also had good stability. By studying the performance and final oil displacement effect of the nano-oil displacement agent, it was found that the key factor affecting the oil displacement effect of this reservoir was the interfacial activity of the nano-oil displacement agent. When the interfacial tension was lower, it produced strong dialysis for oil displacement. The emulsification effect has a negative effect on low-permeability reservoirs, mainly because the fluid produces strong emulsification in low-permeability reservoirs; thus, it can easily block the formation and cause high pressure. An excessive or small contact angle is not conducive to oil displacement. An excessive contact angle means strong hydrophilicity, which can cause a strong Jamin effect in oil-friendly formations. If the contact angle is too small, it has strong lipophilicity and can lead to poor solubility in water. Nano-oil displacement agent No. 4 had the best oil displacement effect, with an oil recovery increase of 7.35%, followed by nanometer oil displacement agent No. 1, with an oil recovery increase of 5.70%. Based on all the performance results, nanometer oil displacement agent No. 4 was more suitable as the oil displacement agent and can be used to enhance oil recovery in the Jimusaer reservoir. This study has laid a foundation for the chemical flooding development of shale oil in the Xinjiang oilfield.
Frequency and Inertial Response Analysis of Loads in The Chilean Power System
Authors: Quiroz Juan , Perez Roberto , Chávez Héctor , Fuentes Carlos , Díaz Matías , Rodriguez José
Published: September 2023

The integration of power electronics-interconnected generation systems to the grid has fostered a significant number of concerns on power system operations, particularly on the displacement of synchronous generators that leads to a reduction in the grid’s overall inertia and frequency response. These concerns have raised a significant amount of state-of-the-art mathematical proposals on how to estimate system inertia; however, the majority of the proposals do not differentiate generator inertia from load inertia. When inertia prediction for control room applications is required in real-time, the current state-of-the-art proposals use the inertia of generators as a proxy for a minimum, overall inertia estimate, counting the number of units committed in real-time and adding up their inertia. However, as dynamic conditions are becoming challenging with the integration of power electronics-interconnected generation systems, it is important to quantify the amount of inertia from the loads, for which the state-of-the-art proposals present very limited advancement, particularly in applications with real data. This work presents a set of recorded actual events in the Chilean power system to estimate the contribution of loads to inertia and frequency response to assess whether the loads have a significant role in frequency stability. The contribution of this work is as follows: first, reporting real data of a power system from the PMU and SCADA systems that are usually classified as not public; and, second, to derive a conclusion from the data to assess the role of loads in frequency stability in a real case.
Transformation Processes for Energy Production Alternatives from Different Biomass Sources in the Highlands and Semi-Desert Areas of Mexico
Authors: Carlos-Hernández Salvador , Carrillo-Parra Artemio , Díaz-Jiménez Lourdes , Salas-Cruz Lidia Rosaura , Rosales-Serna Rigoberto , Ngangyo-Heya Maginot
Published: September 2023

Biomass revalorization is a worldwide trend which can contribute to diversifying the energy sector and to obtaining added value products. The objective of the present review is to discern potential sources of biomass and their corresponding alternatives for transformation, with a particular emphasis on energy generation within the Mexican highlands and semi-desert regions. Methodologically, this review was conducted by reviewing various search engines, identifying articles related to energy production, the transformation processes, and the obtained product, establishing the relevance of each contribution, and including the information that was deemed pertinent. From this information analysis, it was found that most of the studies are conducted at theoretical and laboratory levels; then, scientific knowledge has been generated in this topic. However, low interaction with the social and industrial sectors is observed. It is required to develop strategies to transfer the generated knowledge and to scale up the studied transformation processes to generate ecological, economic, and social benefits. According to the information obtained it can be concluded that the agricultural and forestry sectors in the highlands and semi-desert regions of Mexico hold significant promise for generating bioenergy via the utilization of residual biomass, including stubble, straw, branches, stems, and sawdust. Moreover, the implementation of these sophisticated techniques for the conversion of residual biomass into biofuels and other forms of bioenergy contribute to the improvement of the adverse effects associated with the use of fossil fuels while fostering a more environmentally sustainable economy.
A Flexible Spatiotemporal Thick Cloud Removal Method with Low Requirements for Reference Images
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ji Luyan , Xu Xunpeng , Zhang Peng , Jiang Kang , Tang Hairong
Published: September 2023

Thick cloud and shadows have a significant impact on the availability of optical remote sensing data. Although various methods have been proposed to address this issue, they still have some limitations. First, most approaches rely on a single clear reference image as complementary information, which becomes challenging when the target image has large missing areas. Secondly, the existing methods that can utilize multiple reference images require the complementary data to have high temporal correlation, which is not suitable for situations where the difference between the reference image and the target image is large. To overcome these limitations, a flexible spatiotemporal deep learning framework based on generative adversarial networks is proposed for thick cloud removal, which allows for the use of three arbitrary temporal images as references. The framework incorporates a three-step encoder that can leverage the uncontaminated information from the target image to assimilate the reference images, enhancing the model’s ability to handle reference images with diverse temporal differences. A series of simulated and real experiments on Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 data is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method is especially applicable to small/large-scale regions with reference images that are significantly different from the target image.
Polar Cap Patches Scaling Properties: Insights from Swarm Data
Authors: Tozzi Roberta , De Michelis Paola , Lovati Giulia , Consolini Giuseppe , Pignalberi Alessio , Pezzopane Michael , Coco Igino , Giannattasio Fabio , Marcucci Maria Federica
Published: September 2023

Among the effects of space weather, the degradation of air traffic communications and satellite-based navigation systems are the most notable. For this reason, it is of uttermost importance to understand the nature and origin of ionospheric irregularities that are at the base of the observed communication outages. Here we focus on polar cap patches (PCPs) that constitute a special class of ionospheric irregularities observed at very high latitudes in the F region. To this purpose we use the so-called PCP flag, a Swarm Level 2 product, that allows for identifying PCPs. We relate the presence of PCPs to the values of the first- and second-order scaling exponents and intermittency estimated from Swarm A electron density fluctuations and to the values of the Rate Of change of electron Density Index (RODI) for two different levels of geomagnetic activity, over a time span of approximately 3.5 years starting on 16 July 2014. Our findings show that values of RODI, first- and second-order scaling exponents and intermittency corresponding to measurements taken inside PCPs differ from those corresponding to measurements taken outside PCPs. Additionally, the values of the first- and second-order scaling exponents and of intermittency indicate that PCPs are in a turbulent state. Investigation of the coincidence of loss of lock (LoL) events with PCPs displayed that approximately 57.4% of LoLs in the Northern hemisphere and 45.7% in the Southern hemisphere occur in coincidence of PCPs when disturbed geomagnetic activity is considered. During quiet geomagnetic conditions these percentages decrease to 51.4% in the Northern hemisphere and to 20.1% in the Southern hemisphere.
Performance Analysis of Lambda Architecture-Based Big-Data Systems on Air/Ground Surveillance Application with ADS-B Data
Authors: Demirezen Mustafa Umut , Navruz Tuğba Selcen
Published: September 2023

This study introduces a novel methodology designed to assess the accuracy of data processing in the Lambda Architecture (LA), an advanced big-data framework qualified for processing streaming (data in motion) and batch (data at rest) data. Distinct from prior studies that have focused on hardware performance and scalability evaluations, our research uniquely targets the intricate aspects of data-processing accuracy within the various layers of LA. The salient contribution of this study lies in its empirical approach. For the first time, we provide empirical evidence that validates previously theoretical assertions about LA, which have remained largely unexamined due to LA’s intricate design. Our methodology encompasses the evaluation of prospective technologies across all levels of LA, the examination of layer-specific design limitations, and the implementation of a uniform software development framework across multiple layers. Specifically, our methodology employs a unique set of metrics, including data latency and processing accuracy under various conditions, which serve as critical indicators of LA’s accurate data-processing performance. Our findings compellingly illustrate LA’s “eventual consistency”. Despite potential transient inconsistencies during real-time processing in the Speed Layer (SL), the system ultimately converges to deliver precise and reliable results, as informed by the comprehensive computations of the Batch Layer (BL). This empirical validation not only confirms but also quantifies the claims posited by previous theoretical discourse, with our results indicating a 100% accuracy rate under various severe data-ingestion scenarios. We applied this methodology in a practical case study involving air/ground surveillance, a domain where data accuracy is paramount. This application demonstrates the effectiveness of the methodology using real-world data-intake scenarios, therefore distinguishing this study from hardware-centric evaluations. This study not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge on LA but also addresses a significant literature gap. By offering a novel, empirically supported methodology for testing LA, a methodology with potential applicability to other big-data architectures, this study sets a precedent for future research in this area, advancing beyond previous work that lacked empirical validation.
How Does Carbon Emissions Efficiency Affect OFDI? Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies
Authors: Chen Fang , Sun Wenya
Published: September 2023

With the in-depth promotion of the “double carbon” strategy, the effectiveness of the green and low-carbon transition is not only fundamental to breaking the environmental shackles of domestic economic development, but is also an inevitable choice for Chinese enterprises to participate in international economic cooperation in the context of global climate change. However, the relationship between green low-carbon transition effects and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has not been adequately studied, and the transmission mechanism is not yet clear. Based on the above research gaps, this study made an empirical analysis on how carbon emissions efficiency affects companies’ OFDI using the OFDI data of China’s A-share-listed companies and matching carbon emissions efficiency data with the cities where listed companies are located, from 2007 to 2019. This study found that carbon emissions efficiency increases the possibility of OFDI, and carbon emissions efficiency significantly expanded the scale of OFDI through reducing financing costs and improving technological innovation, and the regression results are all significantly positive at the 1% level. We used ventilation coefficients as the instrumental variable, and the 2SLS results showed that this correlation is still robust. The heterogeneity analysis found that the role of carbon efficiency in promoting OFDI is more prominent for SOEs, large companies, clean companies and companies in competitive markets. In addition, financial development can positively moderate the influence of carbon emissions efficiency on OFDI, and carbon emissions efficiency deepens the embeddedness of the investment market compared to the degree of diversification of the corporate OFDI market. This research deepens the theoretical study on the factors of China’s OFDI, and provides insights for the government to coordinate carbon emissions efficiency and OFDI growth to achieve sustainable development. This study proposes continuing to promote clean production enterprises to shape their own sustainable development advantages, continuing to optimise the market environment and talent development environment, grasping the financing policy and technical support of the two important means, and accelerating the internationalisation of self-owned brands. These are the urgent priorities in driving Chinese enterprises to ‘go global’.
Governance and Corporate Management System Supported by Innovation, Technology, and Digital Transformation as a Driver of Change
Authors: Guerrero-Avendaño Alexander , Nieto Bernal Wilson , Luna Amaya Carmenza
Published: September 2023

Governance and Corporate Management Systems have become key tools for the comprehensive management of organizations, which, when implemented, guarantee corporate success, which can materialize in obtaining corporate goals, strategic objectives, KPIs, and KRP. This paper is the product of research exercises where a Governance and Corporate Management System is exposed, supported by three main pillars: Technology Management, Innovation Management, and Digital Transformation, which we will call GCMS+ from now on. The work developed is based on a quasi-experimental longitudinal research methodology, in which three key phases are addressed; the first phase corresponds to the systematic review of the literature, which allows the identification of the key components of the proposed GCMS+ system. The second phase of the methodology focused on the modelling of the GCMS+ system, which visually and descriptively describes the structural components, flows, and control mechanisms. The third phase of the methodology focuses on the validation of the GCMS+ system proposed from the discussed literature and contrasting the position of the authors, which is identified through a conceptual discussion. In this case, it seeks to validate the structural elements of GCMS+, the constraints, adoption of good practices, integration of standards, adoption of principles, integration of drivers, strategic taxonomy, organizational structures, governance and management approach, as well as methodologies, roles, initiatives, metrics, and indicators.
A Maturity Model to Become a Smart Organization Based on Lean and Industry 4.0 Synergy
Authors: Treviño-Elizondo Bertha Leticia , García-Reyes Heriberto , Peimbert-García Rodrigo E.
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a maturity model (MM) to become a smart organization considering Lean as a key enabler to drive I4.0 adoption. A systematic literature review on I4.0 and Lean concepts plus I4.0 adoption models was conducted through the PRISMA method based on articles from Scopus and Web of Science databases, and records from official websites (e.g., consulting firms) published between 2011 and 2022. Identifying the Lean and I4.0 relationship and comparing the models’ relevant characteristics allowed the development of the MM proposal. Although previous research refers to Lean and I4.0 collaboration, the opportunity to design a reference model for adopting both approaches was identified since their interaction enhances value creation. The comprehensive model supports structuring the types of Lean principles/methods/tools and I4.0 technologies and their action to link them and define which of them need to be implemented according to the maturity level chronologically. Additionally, the proposed MM provides an adoption roadmap that starts eliminating non-added activities in the initial stages for process improvement to integrate I4.0 enabling technologies later. The model makes it possible for practitioners to generate implementation and development processes oriented toward I4.0 adoption based on maturity levels in which Lean has the starting point at the first ones. Hence, it defines the enabling technologies to be incorporated and linked throughout the value chain, enhancing a Lean culture. This model will help organizations to become “smart” by allowing them to transition toward the best technology investment and continuously add value to their processes, people, and products. Moreover, the results will motivate researchers to study further the application of models for I4.0 adoption in which Lean is integrated to fill the gap with the I4.0 embrace caused by quickly changing industrial environments and the uncertainty and unknowledge of guidelines associated with incorporating new technologies.
Eco-Environmental Quality Assessment Using the Remote Sensing Ecological Index in Suzhou City, China
Authors: Fang Gang , Pablo Renato Dan A. , Zhang Yin
Published: September 2023

This study utilizes four environmental indicators derived from six-phase Landsat images (TM, OLI, and TIRS) to construct a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) and to quantitatively and comprehensively assess the spatiotemporal changes in the eco-environmental quality (EEQ) of Suzhou City, China. The environmental indicators consist of the wetness index (WI), greenness index (GI), dryness index (DI), and heat index (HI). The obtained results showed: (1) positive effects of the WI and GI, as well as negative effects of the DI and HI, on the EEQ of Suzhou City in the 2002–2022 period. The GI was observed to have the greatest impact on the RSEI of Suzhou City. (2) The average RSEI values of Suzhou City exhibit a “W” shape pattern in the 2002–2022 period. The lowest and highest average RSEI values were 0.632 and 0.746, respectively, while the average annual RSEI value was 0.702. The EEQ of Suzhou City was observed to be at a relatively good level. (3) The EEQ of Suzhou City exhibits sharp declines in the periods of 2006–2010 and 2014–2018, for which the degraded RSEI area covers 440.60 and 404.16 km2, while the area ratios are 56.13% and 51.48%, respectively. The EEQ of Suzhou City has substantially increased during the periods of 2010–2014, 2018–2022, and 2002–2022, showing improved RSEI areas of 583.7, 390.13, and 347.02 km2 and area ratios of 74.36%, 49.70%, and 44.21%, respectively. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the protection, utilization, and development of the ecological environment (EE) of Suzhou City. They also provide valuable references and data support for the sustainable development, the high-quality development of the EE, and the construction of the ecological civilization of Suzhou City. The policymakers of environmental protection departments in Suzhou City can use this study’s inferences to devise local environmental protection policies.
Can Digital Economy Drive Income Level Growth in the Context of Sustainable Development? Fresh Evidence from “Broadband China”
Authors: Kong Dandan , Li Jing , Jin Zehu
Published: September 2023

In the context of the rapid development of digital economy and the promotion of sustainable development, this paper focuses on the impact of digital economy on income levels. Based on the panel data of 195 prefecture-level cities, the “Broadband China” pilot has been regarded as a natural experiment for the measurement of the digital economy. In this paper, a time-varying DID model was established to evaluate the influential effect of “Broadband China” on income growth. It was found that the coming into service of “Broadband China” has increased the overall income level of the Chinese labor force. Further research found that “Broadband China” has done more to raise the income levels of the high-skilled labor force, thus widening the income gap between the high-, medium-, and low-skilled labor force. “Broadband China” can affect the income growth via two mechanisms, namely, “increasing the entrepreneurship rate” and “leading to an increase in the overall number of professional and skilled labor force in China”. In this case, the entrepreneurship rate of the high-skilled labor force may be higher than that of the medium- and low-skilled labor force due to human capital accumulation. The rapid increase in the high-skilled labor force in technical industries will lead to the situation where their income growth effect is higher than that of the medium- and low-skilled labor force. Based on the above research results, this paper puts forward policy suggestions from three aspects: further accelerating the process of digital economy; improving the institutional environment of the broadband network and standardizing the order of the construction of the broadband network; and further stimulating the entrepreneurial motivation of labor force, paying attention to the problem of skill bias and optimizing the employment structure, balancing efficiency and equity, and contributing to the ultimate sustainable development of developing countries.
An Overview of Urban Mobility: Revolutionizing with Innovative Smart Parking Systems
Authors: Rocco Gaetano , Pipino Claudia , Pagano Claudio
Published: September 2023

This feasibility study aims to propose the design of a smart parking architecture that is able to offer new services by exploiting the latest IoT technologies. This innovative solution is designed for use by both public authorities and private individuals who need to manage urban parking areas efficiently. The contribution of this work is to attempt to define the requirements and technical choices that can be made for the design of a system that adheres to the paradigm of innovation and efficiency in smart parking. Indeed, there is a practical limit between the existing models and the best solutions to apply. For each technology, the following details are provided: the problem to be managed, the current state of the art on the market, the main solutions, and also the related commercial policies. We proceed with the “Outline Design”, which integrates the technical specifications and defines the main information flows between the functional blocks. The results of experimentation show that the proposed reservation-based parking policy has the potential to simplify the operations of parking systems, as well as alleviate cities’ traffic congestion.
Environmental and Technological Assessment of Operations for Extraction and Concentration of Metals in Electronic Waste
Authors: Dias Josinaldo , Silva Angelus Giuseppe Pereira , de Holanda José Nilson França , Delatorre Fabíola Martins , da Conceição Amanda Oliveira , de Miranda Júnior Gilson Mendonça , Futuro Aurora , Pinho Sílvia Cardinal
Published: September 2023

The exponential growth in the consumption of electronics, in combination with the reduction in their useful life, has led to a significant increase in the volume of electronic materials which are discarded. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are modules composed of ceramic, polymer, and metallic materials of high economic value and with a great potential for damage to biotic and anthropic environments when inadequately discarded. The aims of this work were to study the main environmental impacts and the efficiency of mechanical operations in the electronic waste recycling process in optimizing the concentration of metallic copper. For this, the samples obtained were characterized according to their morphology and chemical composition, and subjected to physical and mechanical treatments: dismantling, grinding, separation by granulometry, density, and magnetic property. The environment impacts were estimated by the Life Cycle Assessment of the pre-treatment processes, associated with copper extraction operations in Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs). According to the results obtained, it is possible to infer that the NM + 1 mm Concentrated product presents in its metallic composition around 78% copper, which contributes to the efficiency of the hydrometallurgical extraction processes. It is noteworthy that the Concentrated class represents about 14% of copper (wt) taking into account the amount of 3.789 kg of PCB waste input material. The potential for reinsertion of the dust in the material recovery process is highlighted, given that the chemical composition of this particulate has a significant presence of metals. In general, it was found that due to the higher concentration (wt%) of the sample being allocated in the range of −0.15 mm + 0.05 mm, the elements Fe (18.30%), Si (10.73%), Ca (9.21%), and Cu (8.89%) stand out regarding the participation of the elemental composition of this fraction and also regarding the general composition of the sample. Furthermore, the generation of dust during the fragmentation process can be associated with occupational respiratory diseases when not managed. About the Life Cycle Assessment, in seven of the nine categories evaluated, crushing and screening activities accounted for more than 90% of the recorded impact values. In general, it is estimated that in the pre-treatment phase it generated 15.4 kg CO2 eq.
Dynamic Simulation Model and Experimental Validation of One Passive Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Powertrain for an Electric Light Scooter
Authors: Zhang Zhiming , Rex Alexander , Zhou Jiaming , Zhang Xinfeng , Huang Gangqiang , Zhang Jinming , Zhang Tong
Published: September 2023

Given the escalating issue of climate change, environmental protection is of growing importance. A rising proportion of battery-powered scooters are becoming available. However, their range is limited, and they require a long charging time. The fuel cell–battery-powered electric scooter appears to be a promising alternative. Further development of the active hybrid is the passive hybrid, in which the fuel cell is directly coupled to the battery, eliminating the need for a DC/DC converter. The passive hybrid promises the possibility of a reduction in the installation volume and cost. A simulation model is created MATLAB/Simulink for the passive fuel cell–battery hybrid electric scooter. It specifically focuses on how the power split between the fuel cell and battery occurs under dynamic load requirements. The scooter is powered by two air–hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems with a nominal power of 250 W each and a Li-ion battery (48 V, 12 Ah). The validation is performed following an ECE-R47 driving cycle. The maximum relative deviation of the fuel cell is 2.82% for the current value. The results of the simulation show a high level of agreement with the test data. This study provides a method allowing for an efficient assessment of the passive fuel cell–battery hybrid electric scooter.
Accelerated Subgradient Extragradient Algorithm for Solving Bilevel System of Equilibrium Problems
Authors: Plubtieng Somyot , Yuying Tadchai
Published: September 2023

In this research paper, we propose a novel approach termed the inertial subgradient extragradient algorithm to solve bilevel system equilibrium problems within the realm of real Hilbert spaces. Our algorithm is capable of circumventing the necessity for prior knowledge about the Lipschitz constant of the involving bifunction and only computes the minimization of strong bifunctions onto the feasible set that is required. Under appropriate conditions, we establish strong convergence theorems for our proposed algorithms. To validate our algorithms, we illustrate a series of numerical examples. Through these examples, we demonstrate the performance of the algorithms we have put forth in this paper.
Is Botulinum Toxin Effective in Treating Orofacial Neuropathic Pain Disorders? A Systematic Review
Authors: Val Matteo , Delcanho Robert , Ferrari Marco , Guarda Nardini Luca , Manfredini Daniele
Published: September 2023

Background: The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the literature regarding the clinical use of botulinum toxin (BTX) to treat various orofacial neuropathic pain disorders (NP). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. Only randomized clinical trials (RCT) published between 2003 and the end of June 2023, investigating the use of BTX to treat NP, were selected. PICO guidelines were used to select and tabulate the articles. Results: A total of 6 RCTs were selected. Five articles used BTX injections to treat classical trigeminal neuralgia, and one to treat post-herpetic neuralgia. A total of 795 patients received BTX injections. The selected studies utilised different doses and methods of injections and doses. All the selected studies concluded superiority of BTX injections over placebo for reducing pain levels, and 5 out 6 of them highlighted an improvement in the patient’s quality of life. Most of the studies reported transient and mild side effects. Conclusion: There is evidence of the efficacy of BTX injections in orofacial pain management. However, improved study protocols are required to provide direction for the clinical use of BTX to treat various orofacial neuropathic pain disorders.
A CRISPR Screen of HIV Dependency Factors Reveals That CCNT1 Is Non-Essential in T Cells but Required for HIV-1 Reactivation from Latency
Authors: Hafer Terry L. , Felton Abby , Delgado Yennifer , Srinivasan Harini , Emerman Michael
Published: September 2023

We sought to explore the hypothesis that host factors required for HIV-1 replication also play a role in latency reversal. Using a CRISPR gene library of putative HIV dependency factors, we performed a screen to identify genes required for latency reactivation. We identified several HIV-1 dependency factors that play a key role in HIV-1 latency reactivation including ELL, UBE2M, TBL1XR1, HDAC3, AMBRA1, and ALYREF. The knockout of Cyclin T1 (CCNT1), a component of the P-TEFb complex that is important for transcription elongation, was the top hit in the screen and had the largest effect on HIV latency reversal with a wide variety of latency reversal agents. Moreover, CCNT1 knockout prevents latency reactivation in a primary CD4+ T cell model of HIV latency without affecting the activation of these cells. RNA sequencing data showed that CCNT1 regulates HIV-1 proviral genes to a larger extent than any other host gene and had no significant effects on RNA transcripts in primary T cells after activation. We conclude that CCNT1 function is non-essential in T cells but is absolutely required for HIV latency reversal.
A DNA Plasmid-Based Approach for Efficient Synthesis of Sacbrood Virus Infectious Clones within Host Cells
Authors: Yue Dandan , Li Runlin , Zhang Jikailang , Chen Yanping , Palmer-Young Evan C. , Huang Shaokang , Huang Wei-Fone
Published: September 2023

RNA viruses are often cited as a significant factor affecting the populations of both domestic honey bees and wild pollinators. To expedite the development of effective countermeasures against these viruses, a more comprehensive understanding of virus biology necessitates extensive collaboration among scientists from diverse research fields. While the infectious virus clone is a robust tool for studying virus diseases, the current methods for synthesizing infectious clones of bee-infecting RNA viruses entail the in vitro transcription of the viral genome RNA in 8–10 kb, presenting challenges in reproducibility and distribution. This article reports on the synthesis of an infectious clone of the Chinese variant sacbrood virus (SBV) using a DNA plasmid containing an Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) immediate-early protein (IE1) promoter to trigger transcription of the downstream viral genome within hosts. The results demonstrate that the IE1-SBV plasmid can synthesize SBV clones in a widely used lepidopteran immortal cell line (Sf9) and honey bee pupae. Furthermore, the negative strand of the clone was detected in both Sf9 cells and honey bee pupae, indicating active infection and replication. However, the transfection of Sf9 cells was observed in only a limited proportion (less than 10%) of the cells, and the infection did not appear to spread to adjacent cells or form infective virions. The injection of honey bee pupae with 2500 ng of the IE1-SBV plasmid resulted in high infection rates in Apis cerana pupae but low rates in A. mellifera pupae, although the dosage was comparatively high compared with other studies using in vitro transcribed viral RNA. Our findings suggest that the synthesis of bee-infecting RNA viruses using DNA plasmids is feasible, albeit requiring additional optimization. However, this method holds substantial potential for facilitating the production of clones with various sequence modifications, enabling the exploration of viral gene functions and biology. The ease of distributing infectious clones in DNA plasmid form may foster collaboration among scientists in applying the clone to bee biology, ecology, and behavior, ultimately offering a comprehensive approach to managing virus diseases in the future.
Effects of Chemokine Ligand 2 on Budding of Bovine Foamy Virus
Authors: Li Rui , Wang Zhaohuan , Liu Chenxi , Qiao Wentao , Tan Juan
Published: September 2023

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is essential for the budding of retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and bovine foamy virus (BFV), which rely on their late domain to recruit ESCRT complexes to facilitate budding. However, the impact of intracellular host proteins on BFV budding remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of CCL2 on BFV budding and interactions with key host proteins. Our results indicate that CCL2 promotes BFV budding in an ALG-2-interacting protein X (Alix)-dependent manner by enhancing the interaction between Alix and BFV Gag (BGag). Notably, we found a link between Alix, BGag and CCL2, with Alix mediating the interaction between the latter two. Furthermore, we observed that natural host bovine CCL2 also has a facilitating role in the budding process of BFV, similar to human CCL2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CCL2 promotes BFV budding by enhancing the Alix-BGag association.