bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Older Users’ Perceived Requests and Opportunities with Technologies
Authors: Gonzalez Mari Feli , Facal David , Navarro Ana Belen , Geven Arjan , Tscheligi Manfred , Urdaneta Elena , Yanguas Javier
Published: October 2011

The HERMES Cognitive Care and Guidance for Active Aging project proposes an integrated approach to cognitive assistance, promoting the autonomy of elderly users through pervasive technology. This work aims to describe elderly people’s opinions when they are presented scenarios developed in this project. Two focus groups were organized in Austria and Spain with a view to collecting their impressions about the way in which the technological device can cover their needs; complementarily, a second session was conducted including a quantitative questionnaire. Although some participants were reluctant to use the technology, they welcomed some functionalities of the HERMES system and they considered that using them can help them to become familiar with them. Usefulness, usability, and use of real-life information for functionalities such as cognitive games are considered to be key areas of the project. This evaluation has provided the developers of the system with meaningful information to improve it and it guarantees that the system addresses elderly people’s needs.
An Antiwindup Approach to Power Controller Switching in an Ambient Healthcare Network
Authors: Walsh Michael J. , Barton John , O’Flynn Brendan , Hayes Martin J. , O’Mathuna Cian , Alavi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi
Published: October 2011

This paper proposes a methodology for improved power controller switching in mobile Body Area Networks operating within the ambient healthcare environment. The work extends Anti-windup and Bumpless transfer results to provide a solution to the ambulatory networking problem that ensures sufficient biometric data can always be regenerated at the base station. The solution thereby guarantees satisfactory quality of service for healthcare providers. Compensation is provided for the nonlinear hardware constraints that are a typical feature of the type of network under consideration and graceful performance degradation in the face of hardware output power saturation is demonstrated, thus conserving network energy in an optimal fashion.
Investigating Cybercrimes that Occur on Documented P2P Networks
Authors: Scanlon Mark , Hannaway Alan , Kechadi Mohand-Tahar
Published: October 2011

The popularity of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Internet communication technologies being exploited to aid cybercrime is ever increasing. P2P systems can be used or exploited to aid in the execution of a large number of online criminal activities, e.g., copyright infringement, fraud, malware and virus distribution, botnet creation, and control. P2P technology is perhaps most famous for the unauthorised distribution of copyrighted materials since the late 1990’s, with the popularity of file-sharing programs such as Napster. In 2004, P2P traffic accounted for 80% of all Internet traffic and in 2005, specifically BitTorrent traffic accounted for over 60% of the world’s P2P bandwidth usage. This paper outlines a methodology for investigating a documented P2P network, BitTorrent, using a sample investigation for reference throughout. The sample investigation outlined was conducted on the top 100 most popular BitTorrent swarms over the course of a one week period.
Differential Operators Embedded Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Sharma Tarun Kumar , Pant Millie
Published: October 2011

Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is one of the most recent nature inspired (NIA) algorithms based on swarming metaphor. Proposed by Karaboga in 2005, ABC has proven to be a robust and efficient algorithm for solving global optimization problems over continuous space. However, it has been observed that the structure of ABC is such that it supports exploration more in comparison to exploitation. In order to maintain a balance between these two antagonist factors, this paper suggests incorporation of differential evolution (DE) operators in the structure of basic ABC algorithm. The proposed algorithm called DE-ABC is validated on a set of 10 benchmark problems and the numerical results are compared with basic DE and basic ABC algorithm. The numerical results indicate that the presence of DE operators help in a significant improvement in the performance of ABC algorithm.
Firm Size Transmission Effect and Price-Volume Relationship Analysis During Financial Tsunami Periods
Authors: Wei Shih-Yung , Samuelson Hong Wei-Chiang , Wang Kai
Published: October 2011

Investors attend importance to forecast the price of financial assets, thus, the factors affecting the stock price are usually the focus of financial research in the field, in which the most important factors to scholars are firm size transmission effect and price-volume relationship. In this study, the analysis of these two items in the Taiwan stock market is conducted. The results indicate that the firm size transmission effect is almost significant, and the reversal phenomenon also exists. However, before the financial tsunami, the firm size transmission effect does not significantly exist; this result also indirectly proves the directional asymmetry of the market returns, proposed by McQueen, Pinegar, and Thorley (1996). For price and volume relationship, big cap index reveals that volume leads to price before the financial tsunami, and small cap index appears that price leads to volume in 2010.
Quasi-PSO Algorithm for Modeling Foraging Dynamics in Social Mammals
Authors: Campenní Marco , Cecconi Federico
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the authors present a computational model of a fundamental social phenomenon in the study of animal behavior: the foraging. The purpose of this work is, first, to test the validity of the proposed model compared to another existing model, the flocking model; then, to try to understand whether the model may provide useful suggestions in studying the size of the group in some species of social mammals.
A Spatial Agent-Based Model of Malaria
Authors: Arifin S. M. Niaz , Davis Gregory J. , Zhou Ying
Published: October 2011

In agent-based modeling (ABM), an explicit spatial representation may be required for certain aspects of the system to be modeled realistically. A spatial ABM includes landscapes in which agents seek resources necessary for their survival. The spatial heterogeneity of the underlying landscape plays a crucial role in the resource-seeking process. This study describes a previous agent-based model of malaria, and the modeling of its spatial extension. In both models, all mosquito agents are represented individually. In the new spatial model, the agents also possess explicit spatial information. Within a landscape, adult female mosquito agents search for two types of resources: aquatic habitats (AHs) and bloodmeal locations (BMLs). These resources are specified within different spatial patterns, or landscapes. Model verification between the non-spatial and spatial models by means of docking is examined. Using different landscapes, the authors show that mosquito abundance remains unchanged. With the same overall system capacity, varying the density of resources in a landscape does not affect abundance. When the density of resources is constant, the overall capacity drives the system. For the spatial model, using landscapes with different resource densities of both resource-types, the authors show that spatial heterogeneity influences the mosquito population.
A Framework for Modeling Genetically-Aware Mosquito Vectors for Sterile Insect Technique
Authors: Gentile James E. , Rund Samuel S. C.
Published: October 2011

Vector-borne diseases account for 16% of the global infectious disease burden (WHO, 2004). Many of these debilitating and sometimes fatal diseases are transmitted between human hosts by mosquitoes. Mosquito-targeted intervention methods have controlled or eliminated mosquito-borne diseases from many regions of the world but regions of constant transmission (holoendemic areas) still exist (Molineaux et al., 1980). To eliminate these illnesses, researchers need to understand how interventions impact a mosquito population so as to identify potential avenues for new intervention techniques. This paper presents a software architecture that allows researchers to simulate transgenic interventions on a mosquito population. The authors present specifications for a model that captures these transgenic aspects and present a software architecture that meets those needs. The authors also provide a proof of concept and some observations about sterile insect technique strategies as simulated by this architecture.
Location Based Context-Aware Services in a Digital Ecosystem with Location Privacy
Authors: Eklund Peter , Thom Jeff , Wray Tim , Dou Edward
Published: October 2011

This case discusses the architecture and application of privacy and trust issues in the Connected Mobility Digital Ecosystem (CMDE) for the University of Wollongong’s main campus community. The authors describe four mobile location-sensitive, context-aware applications (app(s)) that are designed for iPhones: a public transport passenger information app; a route-based private vehicle car-pooling app; an on-campus location-based social networking app; and a virtual art-gallery tour guide app. These apps are location-based and designed to augment user interactions within their physical environments. In addition, location data provided by the apps can be used to create value-added services and optimize overall system performance. The authors characterize this socio-technical system as a digital ecosystem and explain its salient features. Using the University of Wollongong’s campus and surrounds as the ecosystem’s community for the case studies, the authors present the architectures of these four applications (apps) and address issues concerning privacy, location-identity and uniform standards developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Trust and Long-Term Satisfaction within Asymmetric Business Relationships
Authors: Sharif Khurram
Published: October 2011

This paper explores the nature of trust and satisfaction existing between service providers (large organizations) and a network of 47 distributors (small organizations) within the Kuwaiti telecommunications sector. Data was collected using a questionnaire based survey involving a convenience sample of 209 respondents representing 47 distributor outlets. The results show that the Kuwaiti telecommunications sector asymmetric relationship network was largely driven by cognitive input of trust, that is, technical competency was favored over affective input. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between cognitive input and Long-term Satisfaction Disposition (LSD) and control input (i.e. use of power) and LSD. This indicates that trust, although favored, was not a condition for establishing long-term satisfaction within asymmetric business relationships. Finally, the influence of wasta (i.e. favoritism) and control input on trust are found to be insignificant.
A Framework for E-Service Implementation in the Developing Countries
Authors: Hassan H. S. , Shehab E. , Peppard J.
Published: October 2011

This paper proposes a conceptual framework for explaining the main barriers and drivers of public e-service development and the relationships among them, especially in developing countries. This framework increases the chance of success of e-service projects in the governments of developing countries and provides a basic context within which the process and practice of e-service can be implemented successfully. This paper accomplishes this task by flowing from the traditional rigid context, which occurs in many developing countries, to full public e-service environment, emphasizing citizen-centric focus and digitalisation. The proposed framework builds on prior literature in the area of e-service development in public organisations and from the efforts undertaken in developing countries, considering e-government lessons learned in developing countries. The framework is flexible enough to be adopted by governments at different levels in developing countries around the world.
A Framework for the Forensic Investigation of Unstructured Email Relationship Data
Authors: Haggerty John , Karran Alexander J. , Lamb David J. , Taylor Mark
Published: October 2011

The continued reliance on email communications ensures that it remains a major source of evidence during a digital investigation. Emails comprise both structured and unstructured data. Structured data provides qualitative information to the forensics examiner and is typically viewed through existing tools. Unstructured data is more complex as it comprises information associated with social networks, such as relationships within the network, identification of key actors and power relations, and there are currently no standardised tools for its forensic analysis. This paper posits a framework for the forensic investigation of email data. In particular, it focuses on the triage and analysis of unstructured data to identify key actors and relationships within an email network. This paper demonstrates the applicability of the approach by applying relevant stages of the framework to the Enron email corpus. The paper illustrates the advantage of triaging this data to identify (and discount) actors and potential sources of further evidence. It then applies social network analysis techniques to key actors within the data set. This paper posits that visualisation of unstructured data can greatly aid the examiner in their analysis of evidence discovered during an investigation.
Two Methods for Active Detection and Prevention of Sophisticated ARP-Poisoning Man-in-the-Middle Attacks on Switched Ethernet LANs
Authors: Kalajdzic Kenan , Patel Ahmed , Taghavi Mona
Published: October 2011

This paper describes two novel methods for active detection and prevention of ARP-poisoning-based Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks on switched Ethernet LANs. As a stateless and inherently insecure protocol, ARP has been used as a relatively simple means to launch Denial-of-Service (DoS) and MitM attacks on local networks and multiple solutions have been proposed to detect and prevent these types of attacks. MitM attacks are particularly dangerous, because they allow an attacker to monitor network traffic and break the integrity of data being sent over the network. The authors introduce backwards compatible techniques to prevent ARP poisoning and deal with sophisticated stealth MitM programs.
A Failure Detection System for Large Scale Distributed Systems
Authors: Lavinia Andrei , Dobre Ciprian , Pop Florin , Cristea Valentin
Published: October 2011

Failure detection is a fundamental building block for ensuring fault tolerance in large scale distributed systems. It is also a difficult problem. Resources under heavy loads can be mistaken as being failed. The failure of a network link can be detected by the lack of a response, but this also occurs when a computational resource fails. Although progress has been made, no existing approach provides a system that covers all essential aspects related to a distributed environment. This paper presents a failure detection system based on adaptive, decentralized failure detectors. The system is developed as an independent substrate, working asynchronously and independent of the application flow. It uses a hierarchical protocol, creating a clustering mechanism that ensures a dynamic configuration and traffic optimization. It also uses a gossip strategy for failure detection at local levels to minimize detection time and remove wrong suspicions. Results show that the system scales with the number of monitored resources, while still considering the QoS requirements of both applications and resources.
Integrating Production Automation Expert Knowledge Across Engineering Domains
Authors: Moser Thomas , Biffl Stefan , Sunindyo Wikan Danar , Winkler Dietmar
Published: October 2011

The engineering of a complex production automation system involves experts from several backgrounds, such as mechanical, electrical, and software engineering. The production automation expert knowledge is embedded in their tools and data models, which are, unfortunately, insufficiently integrated across the expert disciplines, due to semantically heterogeneous data structures and terminologies. Traditional integration approaches to data integration using a common repository are limited as they require an agreement on a common data schema by all project stakeholders. This paper introduces the Engineering Knowledge Base (EKB), a semantic-web-based framework, which supports the efficient integration of information originating from different expert domains without a complete common data schema. The authors evaluate the proposed approach with data from real-world use cases from the production automation domain on data exchange between tools and model checking across tools. Major results are that the EKB framework supports stronger semantic mapping mechanisms than a common repository and is more efficient if data definitions evolve frequently.
On the Use of Home Node Bs for Emergency Telemedicine Applications in Various Indoor Environments
Authors: Mutafungwa Edward , Zheng Zhong , Hämäläinen Jyri , Husso Mika , Korhonen Timo
Published: October 2011

The use of emergency telemedicine applications at the site of a medical emergency event provides a multitude of benefits, both from the perspective of the patient and the emergency care providers. Innovations in rich multimedia telemedicine solutions further enhances the aforementioned benefits, but places more stringent quality-of-service demands on the underlying mobile networks. In this paper, the authors present a proposal for a complementary solution for rapid provisioning of mobile broadband data connectivity for emergency telemedicine applications in indoor environments. The proposed solution relies on the exploitation of existing femtocellular network resources available at emergency sites in various residential building types. Simulations carried out for a UMTS network environment demonstrate significant improvements in terms of achievable throughput for the emergency mobile terminal device when access to UMTS Home Node Bs available in the building is allowed for emergencies compared to macro Node B access only.
Measuring Student Perceptions
Authors: Annetta Leonard A. , Holmes Shawn , Cheng Meng-Tzu , Folta Elizabeth
Published: October 2011

As educational games become more pervasive, the evolution of game design software is inevitable. This study looked at student perceptions of teacher created Serious Educational Games as part of a project striving to create a game development software where teachers and students create games as part of educational activities. The objective was to use evidence from student perceptions to inform further development of the software. A mixed method design ascertained data from 181 male and 178 females from 33 teacher created games. Results indicate that the software is relatively effective by the supporting documentation and training lacked in several areas. This information led to the creation of a commercial game development software set for release in 2010.
Application of Era-Based Cellular Planning for Development of E-Government in Developing Countries
Authors: Pourezzat Ali Asghar , Attar Ghazaleh Taheri , Sharifmousavi Sayed Mahdi
Published: October 2011

Developing countries face numerous problems in the planning process for EG development which makes using linear processes difficult for them, and forces them to consider a specific plan for implementing plans of EG development, using nonlinear complex processes. Era-based cellular planning system (ECPS) provides the possibility for developing countries to follow EG development using non-linear processes to plan, establish, and implement it.
Model for Digital Economy in Indonesia
Authors: Aryanto Vincent Didiek Wiet , Chrismastuti Agnes Advensia
Published: October 2011

This study introduces the early development of digital economy in Indonesia. e-Business activity is growing at an unprecedented rate in Indonesia as indicated by the number of online real time transactions (Real Time Gross Settlement) recorded by Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank), the emergence of dotcom companies, and the use of ICT in conventional business (a combination of brick & mortar with click/online). Research was conducted by investigating the digital activities of businesses. Unfortunately out of the 109 businesses approached, response rate was very poor with only 30 responding (27%). This is not uncommon in Indonesia for a variety of reasons. Results from the four variables utilized in this study, e-Distribution Channels, Value Creation, Online Products & Services, and Online Infrastructures, indicate that the development of digital economy in Indonesia is still in its early stages due to a number of encountered obstacles.
Towards Reducing Common Ergonomic Hazards and Alleviating Techno-Stress Associated with the Adoption of Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Agboola Ayodeji Akinlolu
Published: October 2011

The paper examines how to alleviate ergonomic hazard and techno-stress associated with the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The University of Botswana was used as a case study. Personal observation and interviews were used to elicit information from the staff and students of the University. The rate of adoption of ICT was very high in the University. Most daily routines of academic and administrative duties were done through the Webct and network connection to mopipi.ub.bw. However, a serious gap was discovered in ergonomic practices because design of workstations did not perfectly match the standard expected to facilitate functionality and usability. It is imperative for the university to adopt the provisions of occupational health and safety policy to harmonize the environment, tools, and workers to achieve maximum efficiency and optimal performance.
Security Issues for Cloud Computing
Authors: Hamlen Kevin , Kantarcioglu Murat , Khan Latifur , Thuraisingham Bhavani
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the authors discuss security issues for cloud computing and present a layered framework for secure clouds and then focus on two of the layers, i.e., the storage layer and the data layer. In particular, the authors discuss a scheme for secure third party publications of documents in a cloud. Next, the paper will converse secure federated query processing with map Reduce and Hadoop, and discuss the use of secure co-processors for cloud computing. Finally, the authors discuss XACML implementation for Hadoop and discuss their beliefs that building trusted applications from untrusted components will be a major aspect of secure cloud computing.
Global Information Security Factors
Authors: White Garry , Long Ju
Published: October 2011

The Internet has changed security and because the Internet is borderless, security threats are now on a global scale. In this paper, the authors explore the global nature of information security from the perspectives of corporate professionals. Through an empirical study with corporate professionals, who have first-hand information security knowledge, the authors confirm that the proposed knowledge topics are relevant toward a comprehensive understanding of information security issues. Analyzing the empirical data, the authors found two global security factors: business protection of data and government/social issues.
Kolb’s Learning Styles and Approaches to Learning
Authors: Albergaria-Almeida Patrícia , Teixeira-Dias José Joaquim , Martinho Mariana , Balasooriya Chinthaka
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate if the teaching, learning and assessment strategies conceived and implemented in a higher education chemistry course promote the development of conceptual understanding, as intended. Thus, our aim is to analyse the learning styles and the approaches to learning of chemistry undergraduates with better grades.This study took place during the 1st semester of the school year 2009/2010. This research was carried out in a naturalistic setting, within the context of chemistry classes for 1st year science and engineering courses, at the University of Aveiro, in Portugal. The class was composed of 100 students. At the end of the semester, the 8 chemistry students with the highest grades were selected for interview. Data was collected through Kolb’s Learning Styles Inventory, through Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, through non-participant observation, through the analysis of students’ participation in online forums and lab books.The overall results show that the students with better grades possess the assimilator learning style, that is usually associated to the archetypal chemist. Moreover, the students with the highest grades revealed a conception of learning emphasising understanding. However, these students diverged both in their learning approaches and in their preferences for teaching strategies. The majority of students adopted a deep approach or a combination of a deep and a strategic approach, but half of them revealed their preference for teaching-centred strategies.
Evaluation of E-Learning
Authors: Ertl Bernhard , Ebner Katharina , Kikis-Papadakis Kathy
Published: October 2011

Evaluation is an important measure for quality control in e-learning, which aims at improving a learning environment and adapting it to users’ needs, as well as proving values and benefits of a course to financers and participants. However, results and styles of evaluation are subject to the designers’, the evaluators’ and the participants’ individual and socio-cultural backgrounds. This paper examines evaluation from an infrastructure perspective and presents dimensions and parameters for the evaluation of e-learning. The authors take cognitive, epistemological, social and technical infrastructures into account.
A Model for Investigating E-Governance Adoption Using TAM and DOI
Authors: Karavasilis Ioannis , Zafiropoulos Kostas , Vrana Vasiliki
Published: October 2011

As governments around the world move toward e-governance, a need exists to examine citizens’ willingness to adopt e-governance services. In this paper, the authors identify the success factors of e-governance adoption by teachers in Greece, using the Technology Acceptance Model, the Diffusion of Innovation model and constructs of trust, risk and personal innovativeness. Two hundred thirty primary and secondary education teachers responded to an online survey. LISREL then analyzed the data. Model estimation used the maximum likelihood approach, with the item covariance matrix as input. A SEM validation of the proposed model reveals that personal innovativeness, compatibility and relative advantage are stronger predictors of intention to use, compared to trust, and perceived risk. Findings may enhance policymakers’ capacities by presenting them with an understanding of citizens’ attitudes.
A Real-Time 3D Visualization Framework for Multimedia Data Management, Simulation, and Prediction
Authors: Rossol Nathaniel , Cheng Irene , Jamal Iqbal , Berezowski John , Basu Anup
Published: October 2011

Geographic Information Systems (GISs), which map spatiotemporal event data on geographical maps, have proven to be useful in many applications. Time-based Geographic Information Systems (GISs) allow practitioners to visualize collected data in an intuitive way. However, while current GIS systems have proven to be useful in post hoc analysis and provide simple two-dimensional geographic visualizations, their design typically lacks the features necessary for highly targeted real-time surveillance with the goal of spread prevention. This paper outlines the design, implementation, and usage of a 3D framework for real-time geospatial temporal visualization. In this case study, using livestock movements, the authors show that the framework is capable of tracking and simulating the spread of epidemic diseases. Although the application discussed in this paper relates to livestock disease, the proposed framework can be used to manage and visualize other types of high-dimensional multimedia data as well.
Building Multi-Modal Relational Graphs for Multimedia Retrieval
Authors: Shieh Jyh-Ren , Lin Ching-Yung , Wang Shun-Xuan , Wu Ja-Ling
Published: October 2011

The abundance of Web 2.0 social media in various media formats calls for integration that takes into account tags associated with these resources. The authors present a new approach to multi-modal media search, based on novel related-tag graphs, in which a query is a resource in one modality, such as an image, and the results are semantically similar resources in various modalities, for instance text and video. Thus the use of resource tagging enables the use of multi-modal results and multi-modal queries, a marked departure from the traditional text-based search paradigm. Tag relation graphs are built based on multi-partite networks of existing Web 2.0 social media such as Flickr and Wikipedia. These multi-partite linkage networks (contributor-tag, tag-category, and tag-tag) are extracted from Wikipedia to construct relational tag graphs. In fusing these networks, the authors propose incorporating contributor-category networks to model contributor’s specialization; it is shown that this step significantly enhances the accuracy of the inferred relatedness of the term-semantic graphs. Experiments based on 200 TREC-5 ad-hoc topics show that the algorithms outperform existing approaches. In addition, user studies demonstrate the superiority of this visualization system and its usefulness in the real world.
Multimodal Information Integration and Fusion for Histology Image Classification
Authors: Meng Tao , Shyu Mei-Ling , Lin Lin
Published: October 2011

Biomedical imaging technology has become an important tool for medical research and clinical practice. A large amount of imaging data is generated and collected every day. Managing and analyzing these data sets require the corresponding development of the computer based algorithms for automatic processing. Histology image classification is one of the important tasks in the bio-image informatics field and has broad applications in phenotype description and disease diagnosis. This study proposes a novel framework of histology image classification. The original images are first divided into several blocks and a set of visual features is extracted for each block. An array of C-RSPM (Collateral Representative Subspace Projection Modeling) models is then built that each model is based on one block from the same location in original images. Finally, the C-Value Enhanced Majority Voting (CEWMV) algorithm is developed to derive the final classification label for each testing image. To evaluate this framework, the authors compare its performance with several well-known classifiers using the benchmark data available from IICBU data repository. The results demonstrate that this framework achieves promising performance and performs significantly better than other classifiers in the comparison.
P Colonies of Capacity One and Modularity
Authors: Cienciala Ludek , Ciencialová Lucie , Langer Miroslav
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the authors continue the investigation of P colonies introduced in Kelemen, Kelemenová, and Paun (2004). This paper examines a class of abstract computing devices composed of independent agents, acting and evolving in a shared environment. The first part is devoted to the P colonies of the capacity one. The authors present improved results concerning the computational power of the P colonies with capacity one and without using checking programs. The second part of the paper examines the modularity of the P colonies. The authors then divide the agents into modules.
Socio-Technical Systems
Authors: Fischer Gerhard , Herrmann Thomas
Published: October 2011

Meta-design of socio-technical systems complies with the need to integrate two types of structures and processes: technical systems, which are engineered to provide anticipatable and reliable interactions between users and systems, and social systems, which are contingent in their interactions and a subject of evolution. Meta-design is focused on objectives, techniques, and processes to allow users to act as designers. It provides, rather than fixed solutions, frameworks within which all stakeholders can contribute to the development of technical functionality and the evolution of the social side, such as organizational change, knowledge construction, and collaborative learning. This paper combines the theoretical framework of meta-design and its underlying principles with the consideration of methodological aspects and practical cases. Five different principles are explored: (1) cultures of participation, (2) empowerment for adaptation and evolution, (3) seeding and evolutionary growth, (4) underdesign of models of socio-technical processes, and (5) structuring of communication. Design collaboratories and knowledge management are used as examples to analyze meta-designed systems representing socio-technical solutions as well as frameworks within which socio-technical solutions can be developed. The combination of theoretical and methodological considerations leads to a set of practical guidelines for meta-designers.
Building Industrial Clusters in Latin America Paddling Upstream
Authors: Scheel Carlos , Pineda Leonardo
Published: October 2011

Analysis of more than 20 projects for clustering small and medium enterprises and supporting organizations in different Latin American countries has uncovered a number of barriers, activities, structures, strategies, policies and procedures that impact competitiveness. These factors mean that there are different appropriate industrial cluster and industrial business models appropriate for the social, economic, and business conditions of the Latin American region. It is difficult to transfer successful practices from industrialized countries to developing regions with a light adaptation, because it is impossible to have “clustering readiness” when resources are scarce, regional and industrial conditions are hostile, and associated capabilities of the participants of clustering are poor or nonexistent. These conclusions are supported by applying a methodology designed by the authors to identify global opportunities and formulate viable cluster structures, capable of converting isolated scarce resources in difficult situations, into world-class regional value propositions.
An Intelligent Approach to Assess Tacit Knowledge Fitness in Networked Enterprises
Authors: Al-Mutawah Khalid A.
Published: October 2011

Many organizations attempt to form strategic networked enterprises, yet such strategies are difficult to implement because they are as likely to fail as to succeed. This failure is due to intangible differences and mismatches between partners in tacit knowledge (TK). Despite the various proposed partnership assessment models/tools in the literature, an immediate need exists for a new approach to measure the mismatch in TK across different organizations. This is due to the complex, vague, and uncertain nature of TK attributes. Hence, an instrument for measuring vagueness (imprecise), such as fuzzy linguistic variables, is needed. In this study, the author applies a neuro-fuzzy approach to assess TK fitness in networked enterprises. The results show how differences in TK between partners affect the networked enterprise’s performance. Furthermore, the assessment approach reveals the most significant values to adopt and the irrelevant values that must be abandoned to smooth the partnership formation. The proposed model can prevent unexpected conflicts between partners if managed properly.
A Semiotic-Based Approach for Search in Social Network Services
Authors: dos Reis Júlio C. , Bonacin Rodrigo , Baranauskas M. Cecília C.
Published: October 2011

Search mechanisms in Social Network Services (SNSs) should take into account the meanings created, shared, and used by people through the use of the system. This paper investigates a new approach to develop search mechanisms more adequate for SNSs. SNSs represent an opportunity for people access to information in the Web. These systems allow individuals to constitute communities of common interests with wide cultural diversity, sharing information and vocabularies. The search mechanism proposed in this paper is grounded in Semantic Web technologies combined and articulated with Organizational Semiotics methods and artifacts. The authors illustrate a process to create the ontology and techniques to improve semantic search results in SNSs using Semantic Web Rule Language. The paper discusses the practical and technological results that could be achieved using the proposed approach.
The Effect on Juvenile Haddock By-catch of Changing Cod-end Twine Thickness in EU Trawl Fisheries
Authors: Kynoch Robert J. , Zuur Grietje
Published: October 2011

The selectivity of North Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) was measured for 100 mm mesh trawl cod-ends made of three different twines: 4 mm double twine used commercially until the introduction of thicker twines during the 1990’s; 6 mm double twine and 8 mm single twine proposed
by the European Commission as maximum thicknesses starting in January 2000. A significant difference in selectivity was found between the 4 mm double twine and the two thicker, stiffer twines. The 50% retention length was increased by almost 4 cm when using the thinner twine. Models of the
selectivity of these cod-ends have been developed, taking into account small mesh size differences and using catch size as a variable and sea state and twine size as categorical variables.The benefits of using a thinner twine cod-end are illustrated by showing the effect on the catch of
juvenile and marketable fish from a typical North Sea population of haddock. The potential increases in survival of the 2 + and 3 + year classes of such a haddock stock are estimated to be 17% and 12% respectively.
The Behavioral Response of Juvenile Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) to Shrimp Trawls that Utilize Water Flow Modifications to Induce Escapement
Authors: Engaas Arill , Foster Daniel , Hataway Bret Dominy , Watson John W. , Workman Ian
Published: October 2011

Clear differences in swimming ability between finfish and shrimp in trawls have been utilized in the Southeastern U.S shrimp fishery to reduce the by catch of finfish. The Jones/Davis device which has been mandated for use in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery uses four windows to provide
an escape path for fish while a funnel keeps the shrimp away from the windows, reduces water flow around the windows, and acts as a leading panel to guide the fish out of the trawl. Observations of fish behavior showed that finfish generally reacted to the slack water flow created by the funnel
by swimming towards the lowest water flow area. The escape rate of finfish such as juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), however, was low and random during towing when no net surging and fish crowding occurred. The highest escape rates occurred during slow down prior to haulback, but
were dependent on the haul back procedure. This may help explain the haul-to-haul variation in escapement documented for the Jones/Davis device. Modifications and techniques to improve escape rates during towing are discussed.
The Development of Bycatch Reduction Technology in the Southeastern United States Shrimp Fishery
Authors: Watson John , Foster Daniel , Nichols Scoll , Shah Arvlnd , Scoll-oenlon Elizabeth , Nanc James
Published: October 2011

Shrimp trawl bycatch is a significant source of fishery induced mortality for managed species including red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus Poey), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus MitcheU), and weakfish (Cynoscion regalis Baloch, Schneider) in the southeastern United States.
These species have been overfished and are under both state and federal management plans which include regulations mandating reduction of shrimp trawl bycatch mortality. In 1990 the U.S. Congress passed amendments to the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1854) which
called for a research program that included the design and evaluation of approaches for reducing shrimp trawl bycatch mortality. A strategic planning initiative addressing finfish bycatch in the Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Atlantic shrimp fisheries was developed by the Gulf and South Atlantic
Fisheries Foundation through funding and guidance provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service. A cooperative research plan was developed in 1992 which included the identification, development, and evaluation of gear options for reducing bycatch in the Gulf of Mexico and southeastern
Atlantic shrimp fisheries. Between 1990 and 1996 one hundred and forty five bycatch reduction conceptual gear designs contributed by fishers, net shops, gear technicians, and biologists were evaluated. Sixteen of these designs were tested on cooperative commercial shrimp vessels by observers
under the southeast regional cooperative bycatch program. Analyses of data from commercial vessel testing indicates that two bycatch reduction designs have potential to significantly reduce shrimp trawl bycatch for weakfish and Spanish mackerel in the southeastern Atlantic and two designs
have the potential to significantly reduce red snapper bycatch in the Gulf of Mexico. The fisheye and the extended funnel bycatch reduction devices have been mandated for use in the southeastern Atlantic shrimp fishery and the fisheye and Jones/Davis bycatch reduction devices have been mandated
for use in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery.
Initial Tests of a Flexible Grate for Size Selection of Trawl Caught Fish
Authors: Rose Craig S.
Published: October 2011

The fish size selection and handling features of a trawl-mounted flexible grate were tested. The grate was constructed of fiberglass rods and neoprene strips to be flexible enough to bend around a net reel, but rigid enough to maintain consistent, long, rectangular openings for fish
size selection during trawling. A 244 cm × 140 cm grate, installed in the extension section of a bottom trawl, was tested for size selection of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Bering Sea by means of a small mesh auxiliary net that collected escapees. A grate with
44 mm spacing had an L50, the length at which 50% of the fish escaped, of 37 cm and a selection range estimated at 10 cm. Few fish longer than 44 cm escaped, corresponding to pollock with head widths equal to the 44 mm bar spacing. The grate was easily deployed and retrieved from
a net reel, without any special gear handling procedures required. In-situ video observations using infrared illumination confirmed that the panel and collection net assumed their correct configurations and that escaping pollock passed easily through the grate.
Acoustic Signatures of Three Marine Arthropods, Squilla mantis (Linnaeus, 1758), Homarus americanus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), and Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Arthropoda, Malacostraca)
Authors: Fornshell John A. , Tesei Alessandra , Fox Paul D.
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe acoustic signatures of three marine crustaceans, Squilla mantis (Linnaeus, 1758), Homarus americanus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), and Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus 1758) (Arthropoda, Malacostraca), were experimentally determined in measurements
using the calibration tank at the NATO Undersea Research Center, La Spezia, Italy. The specimens were insonified at 45° rotational intervals with a sound source emitting pings from 30 to 120 kHz. For all three species, the value of the nondimensional parameter ka (where k
is the acoustic wave number and a is the characteristic dimension of the object) was >5. The absorption spectra, defined as the frequencies at which the intensity of the reflected sound was less than 5% of the incident intensity, were determined. These spectra changed with the changing
aspects and were unique for each animal in this study. Two of the species were in the same infraorder, Astacidea. Our results contribute to the development of an acoustic identification system for surveys of marine animals.
The Integrated Ocean Observing System High-Frequency Radar Network: Status and Local, Regional, and National Applications
Authors: Harlan Jack , Terrill Eric , Hazard Lisa , Keen Carolyn , Barrick Donald , Whelan Chad , Howden Stephan , Kohut Josh
Published: October 2011

AbstractA national high-frequency radar network has been created over the past 20 years or so that provides hourly 2-D ocean surface current velocity fields in near real time from a few kilometers offshore out to approximately 200 km. This preoperational network is made up
of more than 100 radars from 30 different institutions. The Integrated Ocean Observing System efforts have supported the standards-based ingest and delivery of these velocity fields to a number of applications such as coastal search and rescue, oil spill response, water quality monitoring,
and safe and efficient marine navigation. Thus, regardless of the operating institution or location of the radar systems, emergency response managers, and other users, can rely on a common source and means of obtaining and using the data. Details of the history, the physics, and the application
of high-frequency radar are discussed with successes of the integrated network highlighted.
Implementing the National Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®)—From the Federal Agency Perspective
Authors: Bassett Robert , Beard Russ , Burnett William , Crout Richard , Griffith Bryon , Jensen Robert , Signell Richard
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe national Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) is responsible for coordinating a network of people, resources, and technology to disseminate continuous data, information, models, products, and services made throughout our coastal waters, Great
Lakes, and the oceans. There are many components of the IOOS—including government, academic, and private entities. This article will focus on some of the federal contributions to IOOS and describe the capabilities of several agency partners.
Innovative Strategy Using Alternative Fecal Indicators (F+RNA/Somatic Coliphages, Clostridium perfringens) to Detect Cesspool Discharge Pollution in Streams and Receiving Coastal Waters Within a Tropical Environment
Authors: Vithanage Gayatri , Fujioka Roger S. , Ueunten Gary
Published: October 2011

AbstractStandards based on fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) have traditionally been used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to determine when recreational waters are contaminated by fecal and sewage inputs. Studies in tropical and subtropical areas, however, have shown
that these same standards cannot reliably be used in these environments to determine when waters are contaminated by sewage. This is because soil, sediments, water, and plants have been shown to be significant indigenous sources of FIB in tropical/subtropical climates. In these climates, alternative
fecal indicators, such as Clostridium perfringens and F+RNA coliphages, may be more reliable markers of sewage contamination, because these organisms are generally found in low concentrations in the environment. In the State of Hawaii, monitoring data relating to FIB (fecal coliform,
Escherichia coli, enterococci) and alternative indicator microorganisms (C. perfringens, F+RNA) in recreational waters has been obtained for the Island of Oahu, but similar data are lacking for other islands within the state. The major goal of this study was to monitor water
samples obtained from the Nawiliwili watershed on the Island of Kauai for traditional FIB (fecal coliform and enterococci) as well as alternative fecal microbial indicators (C. perfringens, somatic coliphages, and F+RNA coliphages). Results for FIB concentrations on the Island
of Kauai followed a similar trend as data obtained from the Island of Oahu. In addition, in areas like the Island of Kauai where cesspools are prevalent, monitoring for F+RNA and somatic coliphages may provide more reliable data in the detection of subsurface contamination of streams by cesspool
waste, which can then lead to the pollution of coastal waters. Finally, genotyping of F+RNA phages obtained from the study sites provided additional evidence that human cesspool contamination was occurring within the Nawiliwili watershed.