bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive reserve and the severity of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sobral Margarida , Pestana Maria Helena , Paúl Constança
Published: June 2015

Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is a clinical syndrome caused by neurodegeneration and characterized by a progressive deterioration in cognitive ability and capacity for independent living. Cognitive reserve (CR) describes the capacity of the adult brain to cope with the effects of the neurodegenerative process and to minimize the clinical manifestation of pathology of dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CR and the severity of AD.Method This study was cross-sectional. Functional and neuropsychological abilities of 75 outpatients with probable AD diagnosis were evaluated. Patients completed two questionnaires, “Participation in leisure activities throughout life” and CR Questionnaire.Result The relationship between Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the level of CR was statistically significant (likelihood ratio (LR), p = 0.015).Conclusion The level of CR influenced the severity of dementia. This study suggests that AD patients with higher CR may benefit against cognitive decline after diagnosis of AD.
Aristides Leão: a birth centennial homage with comments on his spreading depression
Authors: Engelhardt Eliasz , Gomes Marleide da Mota
Published: June 2015

The year of 2014 is the birth centenary of Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão (1914-1993), and also marks seventy years of the publication of his discovery of the novel electrophysiological phenomenon, named by him “spreading depression” (SD), soon designated “Leão’s wave” or “Leão’s spreading depression”. This was a remarkable scientific milestone, and the author must be celebrated for this achievement, as the studies he triggered proceeded worldwide, with new concepts, as spreading depolarization, until the present days. Robust experimental and clinical evidence emerged to suggest that these and related electrophysiological phenomena are involved in the mechanisms of migraine aura, acute cerebrovascular diseases, traumatic brain injury, transient global amnesia, epileptic seizures, and their pathophysiological characteristics come to offer new therapeutic perspectives. He was a remarkable and complex personality, and the authors remit the readers to a paper where his personal life is contemplated.
Análise da Eficácia, Eficiência e Valor Acrescentado de Políticas Públicas Place-based - uma aplicação a territórios rurais
Authors: Santos Anabela , Serrano Maria Manuel , Neto Paulo
Published: June 2015

O lançamento do Programa LEADER, em 1991, imprimiu uma nova dinâmica à política de desenvolvimento rural da União Europeia. Este programa, concebido para fomentar o empreendedorismo, potenciar o crescimento económico e estimular a inovação nas zonas rurais, distinguiu-se dos modelos clássicos de política pública por assentar numa abordagem territorial, multissectorial e integrada. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo a análise do valor acrescentado, da eficácia e da eficiência do Programa LEADER, na região Alentejo, ao longo das três primeiras fases da sua implementação. Para atingir este objetivo analisou-se a totalidade dos 2.706 projetos de investimento executados e financiados pelo LEADER, no período de 1991 a 2006, no Alentejo4, tendo sido consideradas no estudo as seguintes dimensões de análise: localização geográfica, tipo de promotor, atividade económica e natureza da despesa efetuada. A recolha de dados estatísticos, junto das entidades nacionais gestoras do Programa, permitiu a realização de uma análise estatística descritiva de indicadores financeiros e de impacto. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o LEADER contribuiu para uma nova dinâmica socioeconómica, uma vez que contribuiu para uma especialização do investimento realizado em torno de dois setores de atividade considerados hoje estratégicos para o Alentejo: o turismo e a agroindústria. Contudo, o LEADER revelou-se pouco expressivo nas despesas com I&DT, precisamente aquelas atividades cujo contributo poderia alavancar a competitividade das empresas locais.
Caracterização do regime pluviométrico da região do projeto Rio Formoso na bacia do Araguaia, to., Brasil
Authors: OLIVEIRA FILHO Jair da Costa , PINTO Eder Soares , SABOYA Luciano Marcelo Fallé , PERON Antonio José , CAETANO Gaspar F.
Published: June 2015

A caracterização do regime pluviométrico é fundamental para a tomada de decisão junto às práticas agrícolas para a safra e entresafra, no município de Formoso do Araguaia - TO. Foram obtidos dados diários de precipitação pluviométrica no período de 1981 a 1997, excluídos os anos de 1991, 1992 e 1993, totalizando 14 anos de observações. Os dados foram analisados via sistemas ANFLPLUVIE.EXE e Chuva (Assad et al, 1994). Analisou-se as precipitações médias anuais e mensais; as frequências mensais, quinzenais e decendiais em 20%, 50% e 80% de probabilidade de ocorrência e a quantificação e frequência dos veranicos. A precipitação média anual foi de 1.675,7 mm; e a precipitação média mensal do período chuvoso foi maior em dezembro (330,9 mm) e menor em abril (109,3 mm), 95,16% das chuvas na região ocorreram entre os meses de outubro a abril; em 85,71% dos anos observados, o índice pluviométrico foi superior a 1.000 mm anuais.
Estudo antropométrico de pré-escolares da calha do Rio Amazonas, Brasil. I - Nhamundá
Authors: ALENCAR Fernando Hélio , YUYAMA Lúcia Kiyoko O. , NAGAHAMA Dionísia , LOPES Tatiana Melo
Published: June 2015

Foi realizado no município de Nhamundá (1998) estudo transversal, onde avaliou-se o estado nutricional de 152 pré-escolares da área urbana e 30 da área rural, por meio de avaliação antropométrica, adotando-se a classificação de Gomez (1946) e os critérios propostos pela OMS (1986). Constatou-se pela classificação de Gomez que 52,6% das crianças da área urbana apresentavam algum grau de desnutrição, predominando a forma leve (DI), 9,2% na forma moderada (DII). Na área rural o quadro se manifesta mais precário, tanto em ocorrência da desnutrição (66,6%), quanto na sua manifestação de gravidade (DIII) 3,3%. Segundo os critérios da OMS, 26,9% das crianças do município apresentavam inadequação no indicador "altura/idade" (desnutrição crônica), constatando-se menor comprometimento das crianças no primeiro ano de vida (4,8%). A inadequação no indicador "peso/altura" (desnutrição aguda), foi diagnosticada em 3,3% dos pré-escolares.
Descrição de duas espécies novas de Cerathybos Bezzi (Diptera, Empididae, Hybotinae)
Authors: ALE-ROCHA Rosaly
Published: June 2015

Duas espécies novas de Cerathybos Bezzi (Diptera, Empididae, Hybotinae) são descritas: Cerathybos bezzii, do Equador, Colômbia e Bolívia, e Cerathybos nigripes, do Peru, incluindo os primeiros machos conhecidos deste gênero; um novo registro de C. schnusei é feito para a Colômbia e aspectos da terminália masculina são discutidos.
Diatoms from the Colombian Amazon: some species of the genus Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: SALA Silvia Estela , DUQUE Santiago R. , NÚÑEZ-AVELLANEDA Marcela , LAMARO Anabel Alejandra
Published: June 2015

This research was carried out in three of the most important basins of the Colombian Amazon (Upper Solimões, Iça and Japurá Rivers). The creeks and lakes that were studied contain abundant diatom species, particularly those of the genus Eunotia. Ten species are described; five of them are registered for the first time in the Amazon basin, and six in all of Colombia. All taxa were photographed with scanning electron microscopy. Fine valve morphology of E. anamargariate, E. pseudoindica, E. triodon, and E. zydodon var. compacta is described for the first time.
Método para determinar o diâmetro máximo de corte em florestas tropicais utilizando-se o gráfico "Uplot-Dap"
Authors: da CUNHA Ulisses Silva , MACHADO Sebastião do Amaral , FIGUEIREDO FILHO Afonso , HOSOKAWA Roberto Tuyoshi
Published: June 2015

A presente pesquisa apresenta um método de determinação do diâmetro máximo de corte para florestas tropicais utilizando-se a construção gráfica denominada de "Uplot-Dap". O objetivo da pesquisa foi detectar a existência e locação de um possível diâmetro máximo em função do equilíbrio biológico das espécies em uma floresta clímax, utilizando-se o método gráfico "Uplot-Dap". Para testar o método gráfico foram utilizados 28320 DAP com casca de árvores procedentes de 15 blocos de 96 ha da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Belterra, Pará. Os gráficos foram construídos considerando uma amplitude de classe diamétrica de 10 cm adotada como valor de referência. O método "Uplot-Dap" que utiliza técnica de análise visual de dados como forma de interpretação da dispersão dos diâmetros, mostrou-se bastante flexível e essencialmente prático. Através do método foi possível fixar o DAP=95 cm como um indicador do diâmetro máximo de explorabilidade a ser adotado na primeira intervenção como valor de referência nas operações de corte para esse tipo de floresta. Todavia, esse ponto pode variar de floresta para floresta e sua nitidez depende do tipo de floresta e suas condições estruturais. A maior contribuição do método gráfico consistiu em respeitar as propriedades das classes diamétricas em florestas naturais que por razões biológicas ou estágio sucessional, expressem a sua distribuição diamétrica como uma função de eventos raros, nulos ou probabilísticos. A eficiência do método baseia-se na sua capacidade de controlar a variação dos dados de modo que as análises sejam mais consistentes com os fatores físicos e biológicos que caracterizam a dinâmica de florestas naturais.
The study of the mother-child binomium: description and general results
Authors: Laurenti Ruy , Jorge Maria Helena Prado de Mello , Gotlieb Sabina Léa Davidson , Oliveira Bruno Zoca de , Pimentel Elaine Cristina
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the characteristics of women during pregnancy/immediate postpartum cycles and the product of their pregnancy. METHOD: Data collection was conducted for a period of three months in 2011, in six maternity hospitals in the State of São Paulo. The data were obtained in an interview with the women after the end of the pregnancy and collected from hospital records. The sample included 7,058 women hospitalized for abortion or childbirth in five hospitals from SUS (Unified Health System) and from only one hospital for private health insurance patients and their 6,602 conceptuses (live births and stillborns). Statistical analysis was based on χ2 tests, with a significance level of α = 5%. RESULTS: It was observed that 6,530 women gave birth and 528 showed interruption of pregnancy. Regarding age, 1,448 were teenagers (20.5%). There were no deaths during hospitalization and 99.8% of women received a medical discharge. Maternal morbidity in the current pregnancy was analyzed, showing urinary tract infection, anemia and excessive vomiting as the main problems. The rate of cesarean sections accounted for 31.1% and complications in childbirth and postpartum were shown, respectively, by 834 (12.8%) and 265 (4.1%) women. The characteristics of the conceptuses were also studied: gestation length (9.3% of preterm among live births, and 68% among the stillborn); birth weight (underweight in 8.2% among live births, and 66% among the stillborn) and morbidity, measured by congenital anomalies and other diseases; these diseases were responsible for ICU stay, transfers to better-equipped hospitals (10 cases) and 37 deaths. Thirteen live births were still hospitalized at the end of the investigation.
Introdução e Apresentação
Authors: Rodrigues Violeta Virginia
Published: June 2015

Apresentação do número atual da Revista Letra.
Acquis et défis de la mesure statistique des niveaux de littératie des immigrants de tierce langue maternelle
Authors: Corbeil Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2015

À l’heure où l’immigration est devenue la principale source de croissance de la population active au Canada et qu’environ 80% des nouveaux immigrants n’ont ni le français ni l’anglais comme langue maternelle, il est nécessaire de comprendre les acquis, les enjeux et les défis de la mesure des compétences linguistiques de ces immigrants dans les grandes enquêtes que mène le Canada sur la littératie des adultes. De plus, l’apprentissage de l’une ou l’autre des langues officielles du pays est perçu par les immigrants comme l’un des principaux obstacles à leur intégration sociale et économique. Le présent article aborde les principaux éléments qui justifient qu’on se penche sur l’insertion de tests linguistiques objectifs automatisés dans les grandes enquêtes nationales. Une telle démarche vise à permettre de comprendre le rôle que joue le niveau des compétences linguistiques comme facteur déterminant des performances des immigrants de tierce langue maternelle dans les grandes enquêtes sur la littératie des adultes et, par conséquent, sur leur insertion réussie au marché du travail.Mots-clés : enquêtes statistiques, Statistique Canada, littératie des adultes, immigration, langues secondesERRATUMVeuillez noter qu’une erreur s’est glissée dans le tableau 1 page 35 de l’article de Jean-Pierre Corbeil, qui suit cet erratum. Il fallait lire : TAB. 1Pourcentage des adultes détenant un diplôme ou grade universitaire selon qu’ils se situent au niveau 1 ou au niveau 4/5 sur l’échelle des textes suivis et selon leur statut d’immigrant, personnes de 16 ans ou plusNiveau 1 Niveau 4/5Immigrants établis (plus de 10 ans au pays) 14 - 21Immigrants récents (10 ans ou moins au pays) 18 - 11Personnes nées au pays 2 - 37
Cours de correction phonétique par Internet : une expérience avec l’application Lab de langues dans un environnement Moodle
Authors: Beaudoin Martin
Published: June 2015

Alors que plusieurs logiciels spécialisés permettent maintenant de reproduire électroniquement le laboratoire de langue traditionnel à un prix prohibitif, Lab de langues est une application qui peut être ajoutée à Moodle pour permettre les mêmes fonctions gratuitement. Effectivement, l’application Lab de langues permet d’assigner des exercices audio ou audiovisuels à un groupe d’étudiants, de gérer ou noter leurs réponses enregistrées, de réagir en direct ou en différé, etc. L’article présente un cours de correction phonétique enseigné entièrement par le biais de Lab de langues dans l’environnement Moodle. Le cours présenté comporte des modules théoriques, des exercices de perception, des exercices d’articulation, un module d’imitation articulatoire, des liens externes, des films et des séances de vidéo/audio conférence. Il a été mis à l’essai à plusieurs reprises à distance, sur place et en mode hybride.
Biosand water filters for floating villages in Cambodia: safe water does not prevent recontamination
Authors: Curry K. D. , Morgan M. , Peang S. H. , Seang S.
Published: June 2015

Water for Cambodia used biosand filters (BSFs) to provide microbiologically safe drinking water for people in Moat Khla floating village in 2010 and 2011. All 189 families use the lake, which by World Health Organization (WHO) standards is deemed unsafe for drinking water. Surveys from December 2010 to February 2011 compared 40 families using BSFs and 40 families not using BSFs. Over 92% of BSF households and 90% of non-BSF households were using high-risk lake source water (>100 colonies Escherichia coli/100 mL). Only 2.5% of BSF households had filtered water with bacteria in the high-risk range and only 5% of these 40 households showed recontamination in their storage water. Forty percent of non-BSF households had high-risk bacteria levels in their stored water, and most used no treatment. Storage water for non-BSF families showed a significant reduction in mean log10E. coli levels compared to their lake source water. Stored water for non-BSF families showed recontamination even for UV-treated water and boiled river water. Recontamination occurs in both groups but is much less for BSF households highlighting the value of proper storage containers used by BSF households and the need for water and sanitation education for floating villages in Cambodia.
Immunolocalization and role of an olfactory co-receptor in chemosensory organs of Aedes albopictus
Authors: Zhang Xuri , Long Ying , Pengsakul Theerakamol , Wang Yinan , Pan Jie , Liang Yu , Fang Wenzhen , Luo Damin
Published: June 2015

An olfactory co-receptor gene AalbOrco was isolated and described from Aedes
albopictus using the RACE technique. AalbOrco contained typical structures of
seven transmembrane domains and Nin-Cout. Sequence analysis demonstrated that
AalbOrco is very similar to Orco orthologs from other dipterans, especially
in the C-terminus. AalbOrco was expressed at significantly higher levels in
embryos compared with larvae, however, AalbOrco transcripts were found to
greatly increase in number from the larval to the pupal stage and were at the
highest level at the adult stage. Since AalbOrco is abundantly expressed in
adults and is distributed in chemosensory organs such as the antenna,
maxillary palps and proboscis suggests that AalbOrco may play an important
role in locating hosts. In addition, AalbOrco is also highly expressed in
male abdomens as compared to female abdomens, however, no expression was
detected in the ovipositor and the copulatory organ. SEM (scanning electron
microscopy) and immunolocalization showed that AalbOrco is located in the
cell bodies of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) under antennal cuticula and
the dendrites of neurons in sensilla trichodea. Moreover, fluorescence
signals were detected in some neuronal cell bodies and sensilla T2 from the
labellum but were scarcely detected in male maxillary palps. The
transcription level of AalbOrco in female adults decreased by 55.7% after the
larvae continued to ingest exogenous AalbOrco dsRNA expressed bacterially
until eclosion. Blood-sucking behavior was impaired by 44.7% compared to the
control groups, although pupation and emergence rate were not significantly
different between the control and treatment groups. We conclude that AalbOrco
has the general characteristics of Orco orthologs and plays an important role
in host-locating behavior. AalbOrco performs the olfactory function in
antennae as well as in female maxillary palps.
Anti-diabetic analysis and insulin expression study of a wild leafy vegetable Acalypha alnifolia Klein ex wild. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Revathi Ponnusamy , Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
Published: June 2015

Assessing the antidiabetic potential of Acalypha alnifolia is the main objective of the present study. Two doses of leaf extracts were treated with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 21 days. The glucose level, insulin level, plasma lipids, total protein, electrolytes and plasma enzymes were monitored. The acetone extract of 400 mg/kg had potentiated to diminish the glucose and lipid level as well as other diabetic complications. Internal structures of pancreas were studied by histopathological sections and insulin expression was also observed by immunohistochemical study. Though the extracts having good antioxidant capability it might have to reduce the beta cell destruction or helps to repair it. The result of the toxicity analysis, histopathology and insulin expression supports the acetone extract. The present study attesting the antidiabetic properties of A. alnifolia hence this plant would be focused and taken for cultivation leads to add in human diet for getting therapeutic benefit.   

 
EFFECTS OF ARSENIC ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH SELENIUM, IRON AND ZINC ON CLINICAL SIGNS, BODY WEIGHT AND HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN LONG EVANS
Authors: Islam MN , Awal MA , Rahman MM , Islam MS , Mostofa M
Published: June 2015

The effects of selenium, iron and zinc supplementation along with arsenic on clinical signs, body weight and haematobiochemical parameters were studied in 25 mature male long Evans rats (Ratus norvegicus) of one month old during the period from August to October 2003. These 25 rats were randomly divided into five equal groups (A, B, C, D and E) of which rats of group A received normal feed and water and rats of group B were given arsenic trioxide (As2O3) @ 400 mg / liter plus sodium selenite (NaSe) @ 1 mg / liter; rats of group C were given As2O3 @ 400 mg / liter plus ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) @ 150 mg / liter; rats of group D were given As2O3 @ 400 mg / liter plus zinc sulfate (ZnS04) @ 50 mg / liter and rats of group E were given only As2O3 @ 400 mg / liter drinking water daily for 42 days. All the rats of groups B, C and D showed very mild toxic signs, i.e., excitement, restlessness, anorexia, ruffled hair coat, salivation and mild skin lesion on tail region. Rats of group E (only AS2O3) showed various toxic signs like excitement, restlessness, anorexia, ruffled hair coat, salivation, muscle tremor, ataxia, incoordination and posterior paralysis. All the toxic signs observed in group E were more severe and skin lesions were found in all parts of the body especially on tail region. Rats of group E showed highly significant (p < 0.01) decrease in body weight, total erythrocyte count, Hb content and packed cell volume (PCV). On the other hand highly significant (p < 0.01) increase of ESR values were recorded in group E. Biochemical examination revealed that the activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) were significantly (p < 0.01) elevated in all the treated groups than that of control. But in the rats which were treated only with arsenic trioxide, the elevation of SGPT and SGOT were much higher than other treated groups. It may be concluded that the combined administration of NaSe, FeSO4 or ZnSO4 along with AS2O3 were found to be less toxic than administration of As2O3 alone because selenium, iron, and zinc have protective effects against some toxic effects of arsenic.
MORPHOMETRY OF SPLEEN WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ITS ARTERIAL CIRCULATION OF INDIGENOUS HORSE IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Alam MS , Awal MA , Das SK , IslaM MN
Published: June 2015

The creamy-white colored spleen of Bangladeshi horse was triangular, comma shaped. The mean length was 19.187 ± 0.394 cm, width was 6.287 ± 1.156 cm and thickness was 1.437 ± 0.260 cm. It was supplied by single splenic artery, which was the largest branch of the coeliac artery. The coeliac artery was given several branches 0.7 cm away from the abdominal aorta and the main branch was the splenic artery. The main stem of splenic artery runs away from the hilus to the apex and gave off seventeen prominent branches that was entered into the parenchyma of spleen as it was situated superficially on the visceral surface. Among these branches, the most cranial one, just 0.8 cm deep from the hilus gave off several sub-branches that supplied the major basal portion of the spleen.
INFILTRATING DUCTAL CARCINOMA OF MAMMARY GLAND IN A GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG
Authors: Sharmin R , Rahman MM , Masuduzzaman M
Published: June 2015

A German Shepherd bitch of about 2.5 years old showed swollen ulcerated L-5 mammary gland. The affected L-5 gland and adjacent lymphnode were excised and processed for histopathological study with routine Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method. The ductular epithelial cells showed polymorphism and adenoid pattern growth of cells with hyperchromatric nuclei. Metastasis was not evident in the excised lymphnode. The neoplastic epithelial cells infiltrated the surround tissue. On the basis of histopathological finding this case was diagnosed as infiltrating ductal carcinoma.
Lärande i teori och praktik
Authors: Winman Thomas
Published: June 2015

Utbildningar med inslag av verksamhetsförlagda utbildningsmoment har funnits under lång tid och de förväntas ge kunskaper och färdigheter och brygga mellan olika kunskapsformer och därmed bidra till en syntetisering av kunskap. Syftet med studien är att bidra till kunskap om hur lärandemål i verksamhetsförlagda kurser kommer till uttryck i studenters examinationsuppgifter. Resultatet bygger på analyser av styrdokument och kursplaner samt 26 studenters examinationsarbeten från deras verksamhetsförlagda kurser, från två olika utbildningsprogram. Resultaten visar att utbildningsanordnare har delvis olika föreställningar om vetenskaplig kunskap, praxiskunskap samt relationen dem emellan. Medan vissa dokument utgår från teoretiska perspektiv i sina definitioner så utgår andra från mer praktiska perspektiv på vad kunskap är och var den finns. Verksamhetsförlagd utbildning ses i ett program som ett medel för att utveckla yrkesspecifika kunskaper och i det andra programmet fokuseras teoretiska analyser av praxis. Dessa olikheter får konsekvenser för både utformning av uppgifter och för hur studenterna förstår och skapar mening men också för vilka kunskaper som utvecklas.
Learning at work in Higher Vocational Education
Authors: Littke Kerstin , Thång Per-Olof
Published: June 2015

Higher vocational training (HVE) is a new form of post-secondary education that was introduced in 2009 in Sweden. The aim for HVE is to address the demands of a highly skilled Swedish workforce. Compared to other forms of adult and higher education it is less institutionalized and, based on Swedish standards, gives great opportunities for the provider to decide regarding the contents and design. The purpose of this study was to analyze a) the quality of the course, Learning at Work (LIA), and (b) to develop instruments and indicators to explore the quality of the student learning in working life as part of HVE. The design of research instruments was based on hypotheses to uncover the background, the learning process and effect parameters In LIA offered at 12 different HVE sites in Sweden within the areas of health care, computer science, technology and business administration. The survey data of forty-two students and thirty-six workplace supervisors were analyzed. The results of the study show that the quality of the learning at work (LIA) varies considerably between different programs and different students. In most programs, it has a significant development potential. A well-functioning LIA is characterized by adequate learning content, an open work climate between colleagues, accuracy and dedication, frequent supervisor feedback, and regular communication between the Program Director and the supervisors. It is important that the educational provider requires workplaces with capacity to offer the students relevant and qualified work content. LIA should offer qualified work content providing knowledge of breadth and depth. Knowledge gained from school-based training should be challenged and must achieve curriculum goals. An important finding is the lack of definitions and criteria for quality, and the risk of quality differences between educational providers. Another significant problem identified in the study is the unclear division of responsibilities between the educational provider and the partner from the world of work. Most of the supervisors, who were skilled workers or professionals, had a fragmentary understanding of HVE. They gave instructions, but did not stimulate their students to reflect theoretically on what they learned during LIA. Integration between school-based learning and experience of work life was limited. There was a shortage of instruments for assessing the quality of what was taught in the workplace. A large proportion (75 %) of the students was employed soon after graduation. For those who did not, their skills run the risk of rapidly becoming obsolete.
When Distraction Holds Relevance: A Prospective Memory Benefit for Older Adults
Authors: Lourenço Joana , Maylor Elizabeth
Published: June 2015

Evidence is accumulating to show that age-related increases in susceptibility to distracting information can benefit older more than young adults in several cognitive tasks. Here we focus on prospective memory (i.e., remembering to carry out future intentions) and examine the effect of presenting distracting information that is intention-related as a function of age. Young and older adults performed an ongoing 1-back working memory task to a rapid stream of pictures superimposed with to-be-ignored letter strings. Participants were additionally instructed to respond to target pictures (namely, animals) and, for half of the participants, some strings prior to the targets were intention-related words (i.e., animals). Results showed that presenting intention-related distracting information during the ongoing task was particularly advantageous for target detection in older compared to young adults. Moreover, a prospective memory benefit was observed even for older adults who showed no explicit memory for the target distracter words. We speculate that intention-related distracter information enhanced the accessibility of the prospective memory task and suggest that when distracting information holds relevance to intentions it can serve a compensatory role in prospective remembering in older adults.
L'homme et le volcanisme, introduction générale (Man and volcanism, general introduction)
Authors: Mottet Gérard
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Des temps précambriens jusqu'à nos jours le volcanisme est associé à l'histoire de la Terre et à l'histoire de l'homme. L'activité volcanique accompagne la tectonique des plaques par exemple en Afrique de l'est, à Madagascar et dans le sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Pendant les temps préhistoriques et historiques, de violentes éruptions ont frappé les populations. Aux dix-huitième et dix-neuvième siècles le volcanisme a contribué au progrès des sciences de la Terre. Dans de nombreux pays la toponymie révèle le thermalisme et l'activité volcanique. Et les matériaux volcaniques sont très utilisés dans les constructions.
Comparison of Pachymetry Measurements Between the Alcon Wavelight EX500 and Sonogage Corneo-Gage Plus Platforms
Authors: Soeken Timothy A. , Apsey Douglas A. , Townley James R. , Haas Roy W. , Caldwell Matthew C.
Published: June 2015

PURPOSE:

To compare the agreement of intraoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements of the Wavelight EX500 (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) that uses optical low coherence reflectometry to the Corneo-Gage Plus ultrasound pachymetry device (Sonogage, Cleveland, OH).

METHODS:

In this retrospective study, 50 eyes of 26 patients undergoing LASIK were evaluated. Following LASIK flap creation, each eye was measured by both optical low coherence reflectometry and ultrasound pachymetry immediately prior to flap lifting and then again after flap lifting.

RESULTS:

The mean CCT value before lifting the flap was 556.9 and 557.78
µ
m as measured by ultrasound pachymetry and optical low coherence reflectometry, respectively. After lifting the flap, the mean ultrasound pachymetry value was 440.96
µ
m and the mean optical low coherence reflectometry value was 441.7
µ
m. A two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test demonstrated that the ultrasound pachymetry and the optical low coherence reflectometry distribution of measurements were the same. A Shapiro–Wilk test of normality could not be rejected. Bland–Altman plots showed strong agreement. The correlation between the two tests was 0.98 before flap lifting and 0.97 after flap lifting, both with a 95% confidence interval.

CONCLUSIONS:

The pachymetry measurements by the optical low coherence reflectometry correlated with those of the ultrasound pachymetry device. The Wavelight EX500 optical low coherence reflectometry may be used in place of the ultrasound pachymetry device for measuring CCT.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(5):328–332.]
Valorisation de déchets de poisson alliés à des rejets brassicoles en vue d’obtenir un biofertilisant
Authors: Taiek Taha , Boutaleb Adia , Bahlaouan Bouchaib , El Jaafari Amal , Khrouz Hssein , Safi Amal , El Antri Saïd
Published: June 2015

Food industry in Morocco generates continuously many organic wastes that pose both economic and environmental problem. Yet their valuation can procreate new economical source.This study seeks to enhance industrial fish waste in combination with biomass yeast rejected by the brewing industry; to create a starting mixture of nutritionally balanced its contents in basic element: the triplet nitrogen / carbon / phosphorus.Several binary mixtures are then developed with the aim of seeking the optimal formula. The compositions were followed for two weeks at room temperature under a continuous stirring using benchtop stirrer , pH, conductivity and temperature were monitored daily. Other parameters, such as the measurement of the dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, trimethylamine and microbiological were controled in the beginning, middle and end of the study.The results show that product is mature after eight days, it is odorless, pH is stable, have good hygienic quality and it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The tests on species of barley Hordeum vulgare and tomatoes Lycopersicon lycopersicum, show that it improves the growth properties of their cultures.

L’industrie agroalimentaire au Maroc génère continuellement de nombreux déchets organiques qui posent à la fois un problème économique et écologique. Leur valorisation peut pourtant donner naissance à une nouvelle source économique.Le présent travail consiste à valoriser les déchets industriels de poissons en les combinant avec les biomasses de levure rejetées par le secteur brassicole, afin de créer un mélange de départ nutritivement équilibré comme fertilisant, de par sa contenance en élément de base : le triplet azote/carbone/phosphore.Plusieurs mélanges binaires sont alors élaborés dans l’objectif de chercher la formule optimale. Les compositions ainsi préparées étaient suivies pendant quinze jours, à température ambiante et sous agitation continue en utilisant des agitateurs de paillasse. Le pH, la température et la conductivité étaient contrôlés chaque jour. D’autres contrôles, tels que la mesure de la matière sèche, l’azote, le phosphore, la triméthylamine ainsi que des tests microbiologiques, ont été menés en début, au milieu et à la fin de cette étude.Les résultats montrent que le produit généré est mature au bout de huit jours, il est sans odeur, son pH est stable, présentant de bonnes qualités hygiéniques et il est riche en azote et phosphore. Les tests réalisés sur des espèces d’orge Hordeum vulgare et de tomates Lycopersicon lycopersicum, montrent qu’il permet d’améliorer les propriétés de croissance de leurs cultures.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia Among Children Under 5 Years of Age—Uganda, 2009
Authors: Menon Manoj P. , Yoon Steven S.
Published: June 2015

Anemia in children under 5 years of age, defined by the World Health Organization as a hemoglobin concentration < 11 g/dL, is a global public health problem. According to the 2006 Demographic Health Survey, the prevalence of anemia among children under five in Uganda was 72% in 2006. The 2009 Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey was conducted in late 2009 and revealed that over 60% of children less than 5 years of age were anemic and that over half of children tested positive for malaria via a rapid diagnostic test. Children with concomitant malaria infection, and in households without any type of mosquito net were more likely to be anemic, confirming that children under 5 years, are vulnerable to both the threat of malaria and anemia and the beneficial effect of malaria prevention tools. However, prevention and treatment of other factors associated with the etiology of anemia (e.g., iron deficiency) are likely necessary to combat the toll of anemia in Uganda.
The German Primate Center – planning and realization of the institute
Authors: Schwibbe M.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. It took almost 20 years from the first proposal for the foundation of a German primate centre to the final establishment of an institute for research on primates. Since 1964, the German science community had considered the idea of founding a national primate centre in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) following existing models in the USA. In 1967, the project received a significant boost from the outbreak of the lethal Marburg virus infections, which was transmitted from African green monkeys to humans. However, a memorandum from Hans-Jürg Kuhn, at that time at the University of Frankfurt, facilitated a breakthrough in 1970. He conceived an interdisciplinary institute that would both conduct its own scientific research and be a service institute for other German institutions. After highly charged debates on a suitable location, the federal government decided on Göttingen, and in 1972 the University of Göttingen provided the necessary ground. With the certificate of incorporation in 1977, the federal government and the German state Lower Saxony appointed Professor Kuhn as the first scientific director. Based on his memorandum, a research and service institute was developed with several scientific departments associated with primate husbandry, and full operation began in 1984.
Det monitorerede mig – empowerment eller patologisering?
Authors: Kappelgaard Lisbeth
Published: June 2015

Healthcare apps er blevet en omfattende industri.  Vi kan ganske gratis downloade tusindvis af apps, som sætter os i stand til at monitorere alt fra vores fysiske form til vores mentale velbefindende, og vi kan gennem denne monitorering, producere endeløse datamængder og viden om os selv og vores liv – altså skabe et «monitoreret mig». Men hvordan forholder vi os til denne mulighed? I nærværende artikel tages udgangspunkt i foreløbige resultater fra et igangværende ph.d. projekt, hvor brugen af apps og biofeedback anvendes i praksis, til at belyse en stigende stressproblematik blandt lærere i den danske folkeskole. Artiklens ærinde er, at tematisere de normer og fortolkningsrammer, som kommer til syne, når aktørerne selv italesætter sit «monitorerede mig» og hernæst diskutere, i hvilken position, disse normer og tolkninger af teknologien i anvendelse, bringer aktøren. Er «det monitorerede mig» en mulighed for frisættende autonomi – en empowerment? Eller bidrager monitoreringen i stedet til individualisering eller patologisering, hvor vi gennem ejerskabet af vores egen fortælling, producerer et overansvar for eksempelvis hvilken behandling vi skal modtage, eller hvordan vores arbejdsmiljø bør være?Nøgleord: Etik, humanistisk sundhedsforskning, selvmonitorering, Ecological Momentary StorytellingEnglish summary: The Monitored Me - empowerment or pathologization?Healthcare apps have become a major industry. We can freely download thousands of apps, that enable us to monitor everything, from our physical condition to our mental well-being, and we can through the monitoring produce endless amounts of data and knowledge about our inner selves and our lives - creating a “monitored me”. But how is this technological possibility dealt with, in practice? The present article presents and discusses results from a case study in which apps and biofeedback were used to illuminate an increasing stress problem among teachers in the Danish preliminary school system. The focus of the article is to analyze the self-interpretation framework that appears when the users of the technology articulate the "monitored me” and hereafter discuss how these self-interpretations position the user. Is “the monitored me” an opportunity for liberating autonomy – for empowerment? Or does it contribute to individualization or pathologization?
Patent-holders on expert committees. Can there be a conflict of interest?
Authors: Thorstensen Erik
Published: June 2015

The presence of experts holding patents and simultaneously providing policy advice on areas where they hold patents pose several normative questions. Through a comparative study of several IPCC reports, this article documents the scope of this phenomenon and discusses it with respect to a theory of conflict of interest. Seemingly, it is more likely to be patent-holders on issues of infrastructures, industry and transport rather than for single technologies as such. According to insights from studies on conflict of interest, there is an increased risk for bias. The article investigates the possible relations between patenting and conflicts of interest according to theoretical and empirical insights from the relation between science and society.
FOODWAYS THROUGH CERAMICS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ARCHAEOLOGY: A VIEW FROM SOUTHERN VIETNAM
Authors: Eusebio Michelle Sotaridona
Published: June 2015

Food related research in Southeast Asian archaeology is heavily biased towards the assessment of subsistence strategies as well as typological and petrographic analyses of ceramics. Little is known about the range of diverse food items, how they were prepared and consumed, and the importance these foods played in the social lives of people in the past. My research seeks to extend the treatment of food in Southeast Asia archaeology from subsistence “strategies” to foodways by incorporating technofunctional and organic residue analyses of earthenware pottery vessels to address outstanding questions about their function with regard to the preparation and consumption of food. This paper presents preliminary findings on a range of prehistoric earthenware pottery excavated from Rạch Núi, An Sơn (Neolithic), and Gò Ô Chùa (Metal Age) sites in Long An Province, Southern Vietnam. Results are compared with similar data from experimental and ethnographic pottery as well as integrated with complementary data associated with the archaeological pottery samples. It is predicted that integrative analysis of technofunctional aspects of earthenware pottery with organic residue analysis will provide new perspectives on the foodways in Southern Vietnam during the Neolithic and Metal Age.
Multidecadal trends of oxygen and their controlling factors in the western North Pacific
Authors: Sasano Daisuke , Takatani Yusuke , Kosugi Naohiro , Nakano Toshiya , Midorikawa Takashi , Ishii Masao
Published: June 2015

The rate of change of dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations was analyzed over 1987–2011 for the high‐frequency repeat section along 165°E in the western North Pacific. Significant trends toward decreasing O2 were detected in the northern subtropical to subtropical‐subarctic transition zones over a broad range of isopycnal horizons. On 25.3σθ between 25°N and 30°N in North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water, the rate of O2 decrease reached −0.45 ± 0.16 µmol kg−1 yr−1. It is largely attributed to a deepening of isopycnal horizons and to a reduction in oxygen solubility associated with ocean warming. In North Pacific Intermediate Water, the rate of O2 decrease was elevated (−0.44 ± 0.14 µmol kg−1 yr−1 on 26.8σθ) and was associated with net increases in apparent oxygen utilization in the source waters. On 27.3σθ in the subtropical Oxygen Minimum Layer (OML) between 32.5°N and 35°N, the rate of O2 decrease was significant (−0.22 ± 0.05 µmol kg−1 yr−1). It was likely due to the increases in westward transport of low‐oxygen water. These various drivers controlling changes in O2 along the 165°E section are the same as those acting along 137°E (analyzed previously) and also account for the differences in the rate of O2 decrease between these sections. Additionally, in the tropical OML near 26.8σθ between 5°N and 10°N, significant trends toward increasing O2 were detected in both sections (+0.36 ± 0.04 µmol kg−1 yr−1 in the 165°E section). These results demonstrate that warming and circulation changes are causing multidecadal changes in dissolved O2 over wide expanses of the western North Pacific.
Antarctic Zone nutrient conditions during the last two glacial cycles
Authors: Studer Anja S. , Sigman Daniel M. , Martínez‐García Alfredo , Benz Verena , Winckler Gisela , Kuhn Gerhard , Esper Oliver , Lamy Frank , Jaccard Samuel L. , Wacker Lukas , Oleynik Sergey , Gersonde Rainer , Haug Gerald H.
Published: June 2015

In a sediment core from the Pacific sector of the Antarctic Zone (AZ) of the Southern Ocean, we report diatom‐bound N isotope (δ15Ndb) records for total recoverable diatoms and two distinct diatom assemblages (pennate and centric rich). These data indicate tight coupling between the degree of nitrate consumption and Antarctic climate across the last two glacial cycles, with δ15Ndb (and thus the degree of nitrate consumption) increasing at each major Antarctic cooling event. Coupled with evidence from opal‐ and barium‐based proxies for reduced export production during ice ages, the δ15Ndb increases point to ice age reductions in the supply of deep ocean‐sourced nitrate to the AZ surface. The two diatom assemblages and species abundance data indicate that the δ15Ndb changes are not the result of changing species composition. The pennate and centric assemblage δ15Ndb records indicate similar changes but with a significant decline in their difference during peak ice ages. A tentative seasonality‐based interpretation of the centric‐to‐pennate δ15Ndb difference suggests that late summer surface waters became nitrate free during the peak glacials.
Microwave‐Assisted Continuous‐Flow Reactor Based on a Ridged Waveguide
Authors: Zhou Peiping , Yang Xiaoqing , Huang Kama , Jia Guozhu
Published: June 2015

Microwave‐assisted continuous‐flow reactors (MCFRs) are a valuable alternative to conventional reactors for accelerating chemical reactions. However, despite several interesting applications, only little quantitative research has been conducted on the temperature uniformity of the heating load. With water as a common inorganic solvent, a novel MCFR type based on a special ridged waveguide for heating water is studied by optimizing some parameters of micropipes in order to achieve better temperature uniformity. Compared to the original reactor, the standard deviation of the electric field decreased significantly when using the optimized reactor under the same heating conditions while the average electric field density increased. The optimized results were verified by experiments.
Head tracked retroreflecting 3D display
Authors: Surman Phil , Day Sally , Liu Xianzi , Benjamin Joshua , Urey Hakan , Aksit Kaan
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we describe a single‐user glasses‐free (autostereoscopic) 3D display where images from a pair of picoprojectors are projected on to a retroreflecting screen. Real images of the projector lenses formed at the viewer's eyes produce exit pupils that follow the eye positions by the projectors moving laterally under the control of a head tracker. This provides the viewer with a comfortable degree of head movement. The retroreflecting screen, display hardware, infrared head tracker, and means of stabilizing the image position on the screen are explained. The performance of the display in terms of crosstalk, resolution, image distortion, and other parameters is described. Finally, applications of this display type are suggested.
Symptoms of Dissociation in a High‐Risk Sample of Young Children Exposed to Interpersonal Trauma: Prevalence, Correlates, and Contributors
Authors: Hagan Melissa J. , Hulette Annmarie C. , Lieberman Alicia F.
Published: June 2015

Children who have experienced interpersonal trauma are at an increased risk of developing dissociation; however, little is known about the prevalence or correlates of dissociation in young children. The current study examined symptoms of dissociation in 140 children (mean age = 51.17 months, range = 36–72 months, SD = 10.31 months; 50.0% male; 45.7% Hispanic) who experienced trauma (e.g., witnessing domestic violence, experiencing abuse). Child dissociation and exposure to traumatic events were assessed using a clinician‐administered interview with the biological mother (mean age = 32.02 years, SD = 6.13; 49.3% Hispanic; 25.5% married or cohabitating). Mothers completed measures of maternal dissociation, depression/anxiety, and child behavior problems. At least subclinical dissociation was present for 24.3% of children. Robust regression with least trimmed squares estimation showed that greater maternal dissociation was related to greater child dissociation, adjusting for child internalizing symptoms, number of traumas, and maternal depression/anxiety, B = 0.09, χ2 = 10.47, p < .001, R2Δ = .04. Children who experienced direct victimization did not exhibit a significantly higher level of dissociation compared to children who experienced other traumas, F(1, 138) = 3.76, p = .054, η2 = .03. These findings highlight the need to assess dissociation in traumatized young children.