bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Report on the In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Vachellia karroo Leaf Extract: A Plant Widely Grazed by Goats in the Central Eastern Cape of South Africa
Authors: Idamokoro Emrobowansan , Masika Patrick , Muchenje Voster
Published: February 2017

The polyphenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of aqueous and acetone extracts of Vachellia karroo leaves were determined in order to evaluate its efficacy in scavenging radicals such as DPPH, ferric reducing power and nitric oxide as an antioxidant model. The flavonols and flavonoid and phenolic content of the leaf extracts were also accessed using benchmark phytochemical reaction methods. Results of the phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of flavonoids and flavonol and phenolic compounds in the leaf extracts. The total phenolic content values in the aqueous and acetone leaf extracts were 7.40 and 11.09 mg tannic acid equivalent/g of extract powder, respectively. The total flavonol and flavonoid content values of the aqueous leaf extracts were 9.90 and 53.23 mg quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively, while those of the acetone leaf extracts were 1.18 and 5.18 mg quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively. At 0.2 mg/mL, the values for the scavenging activities of the acetone and aqueous extracts of the V. karroo leaves were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the ascorbic acid but comparable to BHT against ferric oxide radicals. The findings from the study reveal that the antioxidative potentials of V. karroo leaf extract and could serve as free radical inhibitors, possibly acting as principal antioxidants.
Urbanization and Socioeconomic Development in Inner Mongolia in 2000 and 2010: A GIS Analysis
Authors: Huang Ganlin , Jiang Yaqiong
Published: February 2017

Economic indicators and other indices measuring overall development describe local development trajectories differently. In this paper, we illustrated this difference and explored how urbanization is related to development by a case study in Inner Mongolia, China. We calculated the human development index (HDI) and compared the temporal and spatial dynamics of the overall development (represented by the HDI) and economic growth (represented by the GDP) in 2000 and 2010. We conducted partial correlation analysis between the HDI and urbanization rate whilst controlling for the effects of the GDP. Our results showed that the spatial pattern of the HDI was little in 2000 and became clearer in 2010 when the western part tended to have higher values and the northeastern part tended to have lower values. The spatial trend for the GDP was obvious in 2000 as the high values clustered in the northwest and the low values clustered in the southeast but became less obvious in 2010 when high values clustered in several counties in the southwest and low values took up almost the entire northeast and some counties in the middle. Furthermore, we found that the HDI of all the city districts were significantly higher than their surrounding rural counties in both 2000 and 2010. Urbanization rates are found to be positively correlated with the HDI even when we controlled the effects of the GDP (p < 0.001). This study illustrated that the HDI and GDP told different stories on local performance in development at the county level. Translating the fast economic growth into an improvement in education and health relies on many other factors and our results seem to suggest that urbanization is one of these factors.
H2O2 Based Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Real High Strength Aqueous Wastes
Authors: Collivignarelli Maria , Pedrazzani Roberta , Sorlini Sabrina , Abbà Alessandro , Bertanza Giorgio
Published: February 2017

This work was aimed at studying the applicability of H2O2-based oxidation processes (namely H2O2/UV, photo-Fenton, and Fenton) for the treatment of six real aqueous wastes. These wastes derived from chemical, pharmaceutical, and detergent production, and were characterised by high COD (chemical oxygen demand) and, in four cases, surfactant concentrations: overall, about 100 tests were conducted. The H2O2/UV and photo-Fenton processes proved to be very effective in COD removal, the efficiency being greater than 70%. The optimal treatment conditions for the H2O2/UV process were: 120 min reaction, H2O2/CODinitial dosage ratio = 1/2; the radiation intensity (up to 2000 W·L−1) revealed to be a crucial factor, especially in the earlier stage of the process (about 40 min): this aspect can be exploited to reduce the costs related to energy consumption. For the photo-Fenton process the following conditions were chosen: Fe2+/H2O2 ratio = 1/30; specific power input = 125 W·L−1; H2O2/CODinitial = 1/2; reaction time = 240 min. Photolytic reactions and the presence of dissolved oxygen revealed to be crucial factors for COD removal. The Fenton process, while showing a moderate efficiency (25% COD removal) in the treatment of high loaded wastewaters, provided excellent results in the treatment of aqueous wastes with high content of surfactants. An average yield removal of 70% for non-ionic surfactants (TAS) and 95% for anionic surfactants (MBAS) was obtained, under the following optimal conditions: Fe2+/H2O2 = 1/4, H2O2/CODinitial ratio = 1, and contact time = 30 min.
Residential Heat Supply by Waste-Heat Re-Use: Sources, Supply Potential and Demand Coverage—A Case Study
Authors: Loibl Wolfgang , Stollnberger Romana , Österreicher Doris
Published: February 2017

This paper deals with climate change mitigation and addresses waste heat reuse as a measure which is until now considered only to a limited extent. The City of Vienna serves as a case study to explore potentials to improve the urban heat supply using waste heat as an additional energy source. As no observation data about waste heat and detailed heating demand is available, this data is derived from proxy data for estimating waste heat reuse potential and residential heating demand patterns. Heat requirements for manufacturing and service provision is explored and, based on the distribution of the companies within the city, mapped as waste heat sources. Employees per company serves as proxy data to allocate the heat volume. Waste heat share and temperature ranges is reviewed from literature. Heating demand is mapped based on floor space of the buildings by age class and building type. Merging supply and demand maps allows to quantify the residential heating demand coverage through local waste heat in the potential supply areas within different distance ranges and housing density classes. In high density housing areas, only a small share of the demand can be covered by waste heat supply even within 250 m distance from sources due to few companies which could provide waste heat. In medium to low density housing areas in Vienna’s outer districts with more industry, a higher share of residential heating demand near the sources can be covered by waste heat within a 250 m distance. Within a 500 m distance, around half of the residential heating demand can be covered only in low density housing areas near the waste heat sources.
The Resource Benefits Evaluation Model on Remanufacturing Processes of End-of-Life Construction Machinery under the Uncertainty in Recycling Price
Authors: Deng Qian-wang , Liao Hao-lan , Xu Bo-wen , Liu Xia-hui
Published: February 2017

In the process of end-of-life construction machinery remanufacturing, the existence of uncertainties in all aspects of the remanufacturing process increase the difficulty and complexity of resource benefits evaluation for them. To quantify the effects of those uncertainty factors, this paper makes a mathematical analysis of the recycling and remanufacturing processes, building a resource benefits evaluation model for the end-of-life construction machinery. The recycling price and the profits of remanufacturers can thereby be obtained with a maximum remanufacturing resource benefit. The study investigates the change regularity of the resource benefits, recycling price, and profits of remanufacturers when the recycling price, quality fluctuation coefficient, demand coefficient, and the reusing ratio of products or parts are varying. In the numerical experiment, we explore the effects of uncertainties on the remanufacturing decisions and the total expected costs. The simulated analysis shows when the quality fluctuation coefficient is approaching to 1, the values of the profits of remanufacturer, the maximal resource benefits and recycling price grade into constants.
The Financial Crisis and Co-Movement of Global Stock Markets—A Case of Six Major Economies
Authors: Jiang Yonghong , Yu Mengmeng , Hashmi Shabir
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates the impact of recent financial crisis on six major stock markets during the three periods. To measure the impact of the crisis on different stock markets, we have applied a vector auto-regression (VAR) model and conducted Granger causality tests. The data used in this study, consists of time series of daily stock market indices at closing time, in terms of local currency units of the world’s six major stock markets which were affected during the financial crisis, while the sample period was divided into several sub-periods. The main objectives of the research was to discover the degree of interdependence of the six stock markets and trace out the Granger causality relationships and dynamic responses of one market to in another in innovation, and to make a comparison on the degree of the co-movements in three periods, namely, the pre-crisis period, crisis period, and post-crisis periods. The results suggest that the financial crisis has reinforced the interdependence relationship of global stock markets. However, general co-movements of global stock markets persist even after the crisis and still remained stronger in some economies.
The Impact of a Values-Based Supply Chain (VBSC) on Farm-Level Viability, Sustainability and Resilience: Case Study Evidence
Authors: Hooks Teresa , Macken-Walsh Áine , McCarthy Olive , Power Carol
Published: February 2017

The ‘Agriculture of the Middle’ (AotM) development paradigm emphasises that in order to survive, family farms must transition from a supply chain approach to a values-based supply chain (VBSC) approach, involving amendments to both product type and actor dynamics within the chain. This paper presents a qualitative case study of a beef co-operative integrated to a VBSC. We use an analytical framework of viability, sustainability and resilience to analyse impacts at farm-level. Our analysis highlights a number of positive effects on farm-level viability, sustainability and resilience. These benefits stemmed largely from improvements to market orientation, price stability, and members’ capacities in responding to problems. However, the autonomy of the co-operative was challenged by VBSC chain members, which impacted negatively on the stability of the co-operative.
Passive House and Low Energy Buildings: Barriers and Opportunities for Future Development within UK Practice
Authors: Pitts Adrian
Published: February 2017

This paper describes research carried out to understand better the current and future emphases emerging from practice for the design and development of “Passive House” and low energy buildings. The paper initially discusses the extant position, particularly with regards to the UK and considers how regulation and assessment systems have changed in recent years, as well as projecting ideas forward taking account of contemporary political situations. Relevant previous research into Passive House and low energy design and construction is then reviewed. The need for greater understanding of professionals and their communication/collaboration with clients were identified as important factors impacting development. Those involved in the design and construction practice therefore have key roles in the process of enhancing energy efficiency. Five industry/practice based professional organizations were interviewed in-depth to gain insights into their experience of current low energy design, and to extrapolate the outcomes to future scenarios. The method employed used a structured interview technique with key question areas to lead the discussion. The anonymized responses discussed are grouped around key themes. Evidence suggests there has been a move towards the adoption of voluntary high level standards because of potential limitations with mandatory regulations and because of perceived additional benefits of higher quality design. This change is now more than previously, being driven by informed clients, design professionals, and the industry, with regulation taking a secondary role. New opportunities and barriers are becoming evident and these require further consideration.
Income Driven Patterns of the Urban Environment
Authors: Gusso Anibal , Silva André , Boland John , Lenz Leticia , Philipp Conrad
Published: February 2017

This study investigates the land surface temperature (LST) distribution from thermal infrared data for analyzing the characteristics of surface coverage using the Vegetation–Impervious–Soil (VIS) approach. A set of ten images, obtained from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper, between 2001 and 2010, were used to study the urban environmental conditions of 47 neighborhoods of Porto Alegre city, Brazil. Porto Alegre has had the smallest population growth rate of all 27 state capitals in the last two decades in Brazil, with an increase of 11.55% in inhabitants from 1.263 million in 1991 to 1.409 million in 2010. We applied the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory in order to test the influence of the economically-related scenario on the spatial nature of social-environmental arrangement of the city at neighborhood scale. Our results suggest that the economically-related scenario exerts a non-negligible influence on the physically driven characteristics of the urban environmental conditions as predicted by EKC theory. The linear inverse correlation R2 between household income (HI) and LST is 0.36 and has shown to be comparable to all other studied variables. Future research may investigate the relation between other economically-related indicators to specific land surface characteristics.
Enteric Pathogens and Their Toxin-Induced Disruption of the Intestinal Barrier through Alteration of Tight Junctions in Chickens
Authors: Awad Wageha , Hess Claudia , Hess Michael
Published: February 2017

Maintaining a healthy gut environment is a prerequisite for sustainable animal production. The gut plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and constitutes an initial organ exposed to external factors influencing bird’s health. The intestinal epithelial barrier serves as the first line of defense between the host and the luminal environment. It consists of a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells connected by intercellular junctional complexes which shrink the space between adjacent cells. Consequently, free passing of solutes and water via the paracellular pathway is prevented. Tight junctions (TJs) are multi-protein complexes which are crucial for the integrity and function of the epithelial barrier as they not only link cells but also form channels allowing permeation between cells, resulting in epithelial surfaces of different tightness. Tight junction’s molecular composition, ultrastructure, and function are regulated differently with regard to physiological and pathological stimuli. Both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that reduced tight junction integrity greatly results in a condition commonly known as “leaky gut”. A loss of barrier integrity allows the translocation of luminal antigens (microbes, toxins) via the mucosa to access the whole body which are normally excluded and subsequently destroys the gut mucosal homeostasis, coinciding with an increased susceptibility to systemic infection, chronic inflammation and malabsorption. There is considerable evidence that the intestinal barrier dysfunction is an important factor contributing to the pathogenicity of some enteric bacteria. It has been shown that some enteric pathogens can induce permeability defects in gut epithelia by altering tight junction proteins, mediated by their toxins. Resolving the strategies that microorganisms use to hijack the functions of tight junctions is important for our understanding of microbial pathogenesis, because some pathogens can utilize tight junction proteins as receptors for attachment and subsequent internalization, while others modify or destroy the tight junction proteins by different pathways and thereby provide a gateway to the underlying tissue. This review aims to deliver an overview of the tight junction structures and function, and its role in enteric bacterial pathogenesis with a special focus on chickens. A main conclusion will be that the molecular mechanisms used by enteric pathogens to disrupt epithelial barrier function in chickens needs a much better understanding, explicitly highlighted for Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica and Clostridium perfringens. This is a requirement in order to assist in discovering new strategies to avoid damages of the intestinal barrier or to minimize consequences from infections.
The Epidemiology of Malaria in Kutubu, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, before and during a Private Sector Initiative for Malaria Control
Authors: Feterl Marshall , Graves Patricia , Seehofer Liesel , Warner Jeffery , Wood Peter , Miles Kevin , Hutton Ross
Published: February 2017

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a significant malaria burden, is resource constrained, and has isolated populations with limited access to health services. Home-based management is a key element of the national program that supports strategies of early detection, diagnosis and treatment. We describe the epidemiology of malaria near Lake Kutubu in the Southern Highlands Province through reported data on suspected and confirmed malaria in patients accessing public health facilities or using a novel, incentivised, social marketing approach for malaria treatment at the village level. Monthly case data reported by nine health facilities and 14 village-based providers, known as Marasin Stoa Kipas (MSK), were extracted from outpatient registers and MSK malaria case forms. Descriptive statistics of diagnostic use, monthly incidence, test positivity rate and species distribution were estimated. Summary statistics of service delivery demonstrate patient access and diagnostic coverage in program areas. From May 2005 to September 2013, 15,726 individuals were tested with either rapid diagnostic test and/or microscopy at health facilities, and 42% had a positive result for malaria (n = 6604); of these 67.1% (n = 4431) were positive for P. falciparum (alone or mixed) and 32.9% were positive for non-P. falciparum species (alone or mixed). From October 2007 to September 2013, 9687 individuals were tested with either RDT and/or microscopy at MSK sites and 44.2% (n = 4283) tested positive for malaria; of these, 65.3% (n = 2796) were positive for P. falciparum, while 34.7% (n = 1487) were positive for non-P. falciparum species. Up to April 2010 there was an intermittent and upward trend in the reported incidence of all species of confirmed malaria, reaching 50 per 1000 population per month for both sites combined, followed by a steady decline to four per 1000 population per month in 2013, with P. vivax the most common infection. This study is the most recent longitudinal overview of malaria in the Southern Highlands since 2003. It outlines patient access to a community-based model of care. The analysis shows changes in health facility versus MSK use, a strongly decreasing trend in incidence of confirmed malaria from 2010 to 2013, and a shift from predominantly P. falciparum to P. vivax infection.
Comprehensive Assessment of Regional Water Usage Efficiency Control Based on Game Theory Weight and a Matter-Element Model
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Wang Gaoxu , Wu Yongxiang , Xu Yi , Gao Hong
Published: February 2017

The efficient control of water usage is one of the core goals of the strictest water resources management system in China. Therefore, the objective and reasonable evaluation of the effects of implementing this system is crucial. Based on the natural and social water cycle theories and the mechanism of the influence of agricultural, industrial, domestic and ecological water utilization, this paper proposes an evaluation index system through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of external and internal factors affecting the efficiency of water usage. Then, a matter-element model is developed on the basis of game theory weight to evaluate the effects of the implementation of efficiency control measures for regional water usage. By calculating the comprehensive correlation, this model can directly indicate the level of regional water use efficiency control. The model is applied to water usage in Jiangxi Province for the period 2011–2014. The results indicate a gradual improvement in the efficiency of water usage in this province. The matter-element extension evaluation model is simple and practical, and the evaluation results are in agreement with the facts. In summary, this method can provide a new theoretical basis for controlling the efficiency of regional water usage.
Groundwater Level Changes Due to Extreme Weather—An Evaluation Tool for Sustainable Water Management
Authors: Ziolkowska Jadwiga , Reyes Reuben
Published: February 2017

In the past decade, extreme and exceptional droughts have significantly impacted many economic sectors in the US, especially in California, Oklahoma, and Texas. The record drought of 2011–2014 affected almost 90% of Texas areas and 95% of Oklahoma state areas. In 2011 alone, around $1.6 billion in agricultural production were lost as a result of drought in Oklahoma, and $7.6 billion in Texas. The agricultural sectors in Oklahoma and Texas rely mainly on groundwater resources from the non-replenishable Ogallala Aquifer in Panhandle and other aquifers around the states. The exceptional droughts of 2011–2014 not only caused meteorologically induced water scarcity (due to low precipitation), but also prompted farmers to overuse groundwater to maintain the imperiled production. Comprehensive studies on groundwater levels, and thus the actual water availability/scarcity across all aquifers in Oklahoma and Texas are still limited. Existing studies are mainly focused on a small number of selected sites or aquifers over a short time span of well monitoring, which does not allow for a holistic geospatial and temporal evaluation of groundwater level variations. This paper aims at addressing those issues with the proposed geospatial groundwater visualization model to assess availability of groundwater resources for agricultural, industrial, and municipal uses both in Oklahoma and Texas in the time frame of 2003–2014. The model is an evaluation tool that can be used by decision-makers for designing sustainable water management practices and by teachers and researchers for educational purposes.
Self-assembly of silicon nanowires studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Agati Marta , Amiard Guillaume , Borgne Vincent Le , Castrucci Paola , Dolbec Richard , De Crescenzi Maurizio , El Khakani My Alì , Boninelli Simona
Published: February 2017

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was successfully applied to the analysis of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) that were self-assembled during an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) process. The ICP-synthesized SiNWs were found to present a Si–SiO2 core–shell structure and length varying from ≈100 nm to 2–3 μm. The shorter SiNWs (maximum length ≈300 nm) were generally found to possess a nanoparticle at their tip. STEM energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy combined with electron tomography performed on these nanostructures revealed that they contain iron, clearly demonstrating that the short ICP-synthesized SiNWs grew via an iron-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism within the plasma reactor. Both the STEM tomography and STEM-EDX analysis contributed to gain further insight into the self-assembly process. In the long-term, this approach might be used to optimize the synthesis of VLS-grown SiNWs via ICP as a competitive technique to the well-established bottom-up approaches used for the production of thin SiNWs.
Impact of ITPA Gene Polymorphisms on the Risk of Ribavirin-Induced Haemolytic Anaemia using Interferon-Free Antivirals for Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Esposito Isabella , Benítez-Gutiérrez Laura , Treviño Ana , Arias Ana , Citores Maria Jesus , Requena Silvia , Soriano Vicente , Cuervas-Mons Valentín , De Mendoza Carmen
Published: February 2017

Background

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the ITPA gene are associated with haemolytic anaemia in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon-ribavirin (RBV). Information in patients treated with interferon-free, direct-acting antivirals (DAA) is scarce.

Methods

Median haemoglobin (Hb) levels were compared at baseline and at week 4, when ribavirin concentration achieves steady state, in all consecutive chronic hepatitis C patients treated with oral DAA plus RBV at our clinic.

Results

Median Hb drop in 55 patients was greater in rs1127354-CC than -CA/AA (1.8 versus 0.7 g/dl; P=0.029), and in rs6051702-AA than -AC/CC carriers (2.2 versus 1.1 g/dl; P=0.016). Eleven (20%) patients experienced severe anaemia, defined as Hb drop >3 g/dl or to <10 g/dl. All of them were rs6051702-AA.

Conclusions

Baseline testing of rs6051702 may identify the subset of patients at greatest risk for RBV-induced anaemia using interferon-free hepatitis C therapies.
Therapeutic drug Monitoring Guided Raltegravir Dosing for Prevention of Vertical Transmission in a Premature Neonate Born to a Woman Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV
Authors: Kreutzwiser Denise , Sheehan Nancy , Dayneka Natalie , Lemire Benoît , Wong Alison , Samson Lindy , Brophy Jason
Published: February 2017

We report a case of therapeutic drug monitoring guided raltegravir use for the prevention of vertical HIV transmission in a premature neonate born to a woman living with perinatally acquired HIV and documented resistance to multiple HIV drugs. Maternal viral load was above 1,000 copies/ml at delivery. This case demonstrates delayed raltegravir elimination in a neonate born at 33 weeks gestational age and a need for less frequent raltegravir dosing than is used in older infants and children.
La Sphère de coprospérité de la Grande Asie orientale : réflexion sur un régionalisme asiatique
Authors: Michelin Franck
Published: February 2017

L’expression « Sphère de coprospérité de la Grande Asie orientale » est un slogan destiné à légitimer la mise en coupe réglée de la région Asie-Pacifique par le Japon pendant la Guerre du Pacifique. À partir du mois de décembre 1941, il s’agit pour le Japon de bâtir un bloc économique apte à lui procurer l’autonomie vis-à-vis des États-Unis en matière de ressources naturelles et, ainsi, la capacité de résister à la contre-attaque de ce pays. L’échec militaire est cuisant du fait de son incapacité à protéger une zone trop vaste à partir du moment où il perd la suprématie navale. De plus, il s’agit d’un ordre profondément inégalitaire dominé par le Japon. Néanmoins, la Sphère de coprospérité constitue la première tentative sérieuse de politique régionale étendue à la plus grande partie de la zone Asie-Pacifique, ainsi que le point de départ du mouvement de décolonisation dans la région.
Produção de subjetividade do enfermeiro para tomada de decisões: perspectiva ecossistêmica/Nurses’ production of subjectivity for decision-making: ecosystem approach
Authors: Busanello Josefine , Kerber Nalú Pereira da Costa , Lunardi Filho Wilson Danilo , Lunardi Valéria Lerch
Published: February 2017

Objetivou-se analisar os fatores macro e micropolíticos da produção de subjetividade do Enfermeiro que subsidiam a tomada de decisões no processo de cuidar da Enfermagem. Foi adotado o delineamento qualitativo de pesquisa. O cenário investigativo foi um hospital filantrópico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os participantes do estudo foram doze Enfermeiros atuantes nessa instituição. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a técnica do grupo focal, com três encontros focais, realizados em dezembro de 2011. Adotou-se a análise de conteúdo. Foram identificados fatores macro e micropolíticos da produção de subjetividade que subsidiam a tomada de decisões. Esses fatores estão associados aos ambientes que envolvem a instituição de formação acadêmica do Enfermeiro, a instituição hospitalar e as unidades de internação. Esses resultados permitem uma aproximação do processo de produção de subjetividade do Enfermeiro com uma perspectiva ecossistêmica da prática de cuidados.
Fumante que não fuma: Reflexão sob uma perspectiva ecológica / Smoker that does no smoke: A reflection under an ecological perspective
Authors: Casaril dos Santos Cargnin Marcia , Getelina Caroline Ottobelli , Santos da Silva Mara Regina , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina
Published: February 2017

A fumicultura é a atividade agrícola destinada ao cultivo do tabaco. Os trabalhadores envolvidos neste tipo de cultivo estão expostos aos vários riscos ocupacionais que este tipo de cultura representa à saúde e ao meio ambiente. Artigo de reflexão teórica que objetivou buscar, numa perspectiva ecológica de Laustsen e Frontier, a relação do indivíduo trabalhador que mantém contato com o tabaco no seu ambiente de trabalho e o reflexo desta interação na vida/saúde por meio da absorção da nicotina, ocasionando a doença da folha verde do tabaco. Os trabalhadores da fumicultura estão expostos à nicotina, pelo contato da pele com o tabaco, principalmente na colheita, e pela inalação da nicotina nos celeiros onde ocorre a manipulação do mesmo. No organismo, a nicotina é biotransformada em cotinina. Os níveis aumentados de cotinina na urina de trabalhadores expostos configura a doença da folha verde do tabaco (DFVT). Dessa forma, é importante destacar esta temática a fim de instrumentalizar os profissionais de saúde na proposta de ações de prevenção e elaboração de estratégias de sensibilização dos fumicultores ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual.
Vivências de famílias no cuidado à criança com complicações da prematuridade / Family living in child care with complications of prematurity
Authors: Gesteira Elaine Cristina Rodrigues , Braga Patrícia Pinto , Gomes Izadora Ferreira , Oliveira Janaína Aparecida de , Lopes Matheus Ramos , Galdino Monique de Fátima Gregório
Published: February 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como a família vivencia o cotidiano de cuidados à criança com complicações da prematuridade. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualitativa à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Como método, optou-se pela entrevista narrativa apoiada na construção de genogramas, ecomapas e perguntas semiestruturadas. Foram realizadas dez entrevistas com nove famílias de crianças que tiveram complicações da prematuridade. Apreendeu-se quatro categorias da análise das narrativas: Medo da morte do filho;Sentimentos na vivência do cuidado no cotidiano; O papel do profissional de saúde perante as inseguranças do cuidado; A visão das famílias em relação ao futuro de seus filhos prematuros. As famílias narraram o medo da perda do filho prematuro tanto na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal como no manejo das complicações crônicas no dia a dia. Para eles, uma criança nessas condições implica em atenção redobrada e cuidados específicos diários, o que altera a dinâmica familiar. Conclui-se que através da compreensão dessas vivências e das interações entre seus membros, os profissionais de saúde, entre eles os da enfermagem,podem traçar ações focadas no domicílio que os apoiem no cuidado à criança com complicações da prematuridade no cotidiano da família.
 Qualidade de vida na concepção de docentes de enfermagem aposentadas por uma universidade pública / Quality of life in the concept of nursing teachers retired of a public university
Authors: Liberatti Vanessa Moraes , Martins Júlia Trevisan , Ribeiro Renata Perfeito , Scholze Alessandro Rolim , Galdino Maria José Quina , Trevisan Gabriela Schimitt
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a concepção de aposentadoria com qualidade de vida para docentes de enfermagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida com nove docentes de enfermagem aposentadas de uma universidade pública da Região Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de fevereiro a maio de 2013 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e as falas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática. Das narrativas, foram elaboradas seis categorias temáticas: saúde como qualidade de vida; recursos financeiros como qualidade de vida; relacionamentos interpessoais como qualidade de vida; sentimento de sentir-se útil como qualidade de vida, cuidar-se como qualidade vida e planejamento para ter qualidade de vida. Concluiu-se que a aposentadoria com qualidade de vida teve concepções singulares e de ordem subjetiva. É preciso que as pessoas se preparem para a aposentadoria, visto que é uma nova etapa da vida que precisa ser vivenciada com máximo de bem-estar.
Reabilitação de crianças e adolescentes com mielomeningocele: relato de experiência de atuação da enfermagem/Rehabilitation of children and adolescents with myelomeningocele: nursing practice report
Authors: Freitas Giselle Lima de , Sena Roseni Rosângela de , Silva Josana Cristina Faleiros e , Faleiros Fabiana
Published: February 2017

O artigo foi desenvolvido por enfermeiras com mais de cinco anos de atuação, em uma rede de hospitais de reabilitação no Brasil, referência em toda a América Latina. O objetivo do presente estudo é de relatar a atuação de enfermeiras na reabilitação de crianças e adolescentes com mielomeningocele. As autoras realizaram reuniões presenciais e por videoconferência, discussões e troca de experiências até o consenso e validação do conteúdo. O relato foi organizado e dividido em três tópicos: capacitação para as atividades de vida diária; capacitação para a reabilitação vesicointestinal; capacitação para as atividades de vida prática: autonomia e participação. As famílias de indivíduos com mielomeningocele enfrentam dificuldades relacionadas à condição crônica e à escassez de serviço estruturado e humanizado que garanta e capacite quanto ao cuidado domiciliar. O desafio é fornecer subsídios que orientem profissionais na manutenção do cuidado domiciliar, melhorando a comunicação e promovendo a capacitação dos familiares das crianças e adolescentes com mielomeningocele.
 Sentimento de pertencimento na constituição do vínculo em uma autogestão de saúde suplementar/ Feeling of belonging in the constitution of the bond in a supplementary health self-management
Authors: Barroso Viviane Gonçalves , Mattos Cláudia Maria de
Published: February 2017

A produção científica em saúde tem acompanhado o movimento de valorização da abordagem integral e da subjetividade. Considerando que o vínculo favorece a identificação de aspectos subjetivos do cuidado, objetivou-se abordar um dos seus elementos constituintes, o Sentimento de Pertencimento, em um cenário do âmbito da Saúde Suplementar, orientado pelo Modelo de Atenção Integral e com serviços organizados a partir da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Foram entrevistados 17 participantes de Belo Horizonte e Juiz de Fora, com idade entre 19 e 97 anos, homens e mulheres. A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD) e o Interacionismo Simbólico foram os referenciais metodológico e teórico utilizados. A análise dos dados extraídos das entrevistas ocorreu a partir do processo de codificação proposto pela TFD, qual seja, Codificação Aberta, Axial e Teórica. Evidenciou-se que o Sentimento de Pertencimento é um dos elementos constituintes do vínculo, reforçando a tese de que o vínculo nos serviços de saúde se constrói em um processo relacional que se dá de forma multifatorial, passando, entre outros, por aspectos sociais e subjetivos. Ressaltam-se elementos ligados à conjuntura da realidade estudada, diferente daquela do setor público, o que pode suscitar novas hipóteses que complementem ou reforcem o enredo apresentado.
A experiência de ser mãe de um indivíduo com esquizofrenia/The experience of being a mother of and individual with schizophrenia
Authors: Bellini Luana Cristina , Cunha Mayara Soares , Silva Thamires Fernandes Cardoso da , Ciccone Giacon Bianca Cristina
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em descrever a experiência de mães no cuidado e convívio com um filho com esquizofrenia. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, baseado no interacionismo simbólico. A coleta de dados foi conduzida por meio de entrevista aberta, individual, realizada com 11 mães de indivíduos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. As informações recolhidas foram organizadas e submetidas à Análise Temática. A partir dos relatos das mães identificaram-se quatro categorias: "O lidar com o desconhecido"; “A descoberta do diagnóstico e início do tratamento”; “O desdobramento da vivência com o filho com esquizofrenia”; e “A experiência em ser mãe de um filho com esquizofrenia”. Nota-se a dificuldade das mães em lidar com o transtorno do filho, tanto pelos seus sintomas quanto pelo acesso aos serviços de saúde. Assim, faz-se necessário que a assistência seja pautada pela visão holística do ser humano, incorporando a família nos cuidados, propiciando melhores prognósticos e a diminuição do sofrimento enfrentado.
South African religious demography: The 2013 General Household Survey
Authors: Schoeman Willem J.
Published: February 2017

The South African religious landscape is diverse and has a profound effect on the role that faith communities may and should play within this context. The General Household Survey (2013), conducted by StatsSA, gave, for the first time since the census of 2001, a picture of the South African religious profile. The aim is to use religious affiliation and adherence as indicators to plot this landscape. These indicators provide a framework to define and explore the role of the church and faith communities in the South African society. How should secularisation, evangelism, social engagement and the prophetic voice of the church be viewed within this context? The aim of this article is to explore these and other questions within the 2013 General Household Survey as a demographical framework to describe a South African reality for faith communities.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle Components - Immunity to AC Power Line Electric Fields
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the recommended testing techniques for the determination of electric field immunity of an automotive electronic device when the device and its wiring harness is exposed to a power line electric field. This technique uses a parallel plate field generator and a high voltage, low current voltage source to produce the field.
Network Layer
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: February 2017

SAE J1939-31 Network Layer describes the requirements and services for Network Interconnection ECUs (NIECU) that enable electronic control units (ECUs) on a network segment to intercommunicate with other ECUs on different network segments of the vehicle network. This document defines various types of NIECUs. The information in this document applies only to ECUs that are intended to provide networking services. It is not necessary for an ECU to provide any of these services in order to be compliant with the SAE J1939 protocol.
Digital Annex of Medium/Heavy-Duty E/E Systems Diagnosis Nomenclature
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: February 2017

This document is intended to supplement SAE J2403 by providing the content of Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 from SAE J2403 in a form that can be sorted and searched for easier use. It is NOT intended as a substitute for the actual document, and any discrepancies between this Digital Annex and the published SAE J2403 document must be resolved in favor of the published document. This document provides the content of Table 1 and Table 2 published in SAE J2403 into the single table in the 'Term' tab, while the 'Recommended Term Definitions' tab provides the content of Table 3 in SAE J2403 and the 'Glossary' tab provides the content of Table 4 in SAE J2403.
Air Disc Brake Actuator Test Procedure, Truck-Tractor, Bus and Trailer
Authors:   Truck and Bus Brake Actuator Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE recommended practice provides procedures and methods for testing service, spring applied parking and combination brake actuators for air disc brake applications. Methods and recommended samples for testing durability, function and environmental performance are listed in 1.1 and 1.2.
Definition of Road Vehicle Hands-Free Operation of a Person-to-Person Wireless Communication System or Device
Authors:   Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) Committee
Published: February 2017

This Information Report contains a definition of road vehicle hands-free operation. This definition applies to driver inputs to a wireless communications device used for person-to-person wireless communications while driving. This report applies to both original equipment manufacturers’ and aftermarket devices.

The definition does not apply to outputs, e.g., visual or haptic feedback, from a communication system or device, regardless of the modality of human-machine interface. It also does not apply to parallel or redundant manual control operating modes.
Definition and Measurement of Transfer Case Speed-Dependent Parasitic Loss
Authors:   Drivetrain Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice covers transfer cases used in passenger car and light truck applications. Transfer cases are of the chain, geared, manually and electronically shifted types although other configurations are possible. The operating points (speeds, temperatures, etc.) were chosen to mirror those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Driving Schedules (DDS).
Model Description Documentation Recommended Practice for Ground Vehicle System and Subsystem Simulation
Authors:   Dynamical Modeling and Simulation Committee
Published: February 2017

The Model Description Documentation Recommended Practice for Ground Vehicle System and Subsystem Simulation defines the recommended information content to be included for documenting dynamical models used for simulation of ground vehicle systems. It describes the information that should be compiled to describe a model for the following user applications or use cases: (1) exchange, promotion, and selection; (2) creation requests; (3) development process management; (4) compatibility evaluation, (5) testing-in-the-loop simulations with hardware and/or software; (6) simulation applications; and (7) development and maintenance. For each use case, a Model Description Documentation (MDD) template is provided in the appendices to facilitate model documentation. In addition, an example of a completed model documentation template is provided in the appendices.
Recommended Practice for Determining Material Properties of Li-Battery Cathode Active Materials
Authors:   Battery Materials Testing Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE RP provides a set of test methods and practices for the characterization of the properties of Li-battery cathode active material.

It is not within the scope of this document to establish criteria for the test results, as these are usually established between the vendor and customer.

It is not within the scope of this document to examine the rheological properties of the cathode material in slurry since such properties are influenced by the conductive additive and the solid loading, which are determined through discussion between the manufacturer and user.

It is not within the scope of this document to examine the electrochemical properties of cathode materials since these are influenced by electrode design. The committee considers that it is impossible to establish an electrode design that would be appropriate for all cathode active materials.
Is Glaucoma a Neurodegeneration caused by Central Insulin Resistance: Diabetes Type 4?
Authors: Dada Tanuj
Published: February 2017

How to cite this article:Dada T. Is Glaucoma a Neurodegeneration caused by Central Insulin Resistance: Diabetes Type 4? J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):77-79.
Glaucoma Medication Preferences among Glaucoma Specialists in Mexico
Authors: Castaneda-Diez Rafael , Lazcano-Gómez Gabriel , Gonzalez-Salinas Roberto , Jimenez-Roman Jesus , Alvarez-Ascencio Daniela , Haro-Zuno Cindy , Turati-Acosta Mauricio , Garcia-Huerta Magdalena , Jimenez-Arroyo Jesus , Castillejos-Chevez Armando , Dominguez-Dueñas Francisca
Published: February 2017

Aim

To determine the glaucoma specialists' preferences for the different brands of topical glaucoma medications available in Mexico.

Materials and methods

A web-based survey was sent to 150 board-certified glaucoma specialists in Mexico, with 14 questions related to brand preferences for all glaucoma medications available in Mexico. Participants were asked to select each glaucoma medication class by brand and to state the factors leading to their choice.

Results

Data from 111 (74%) glaucoma specialists were collected. Imot (timolol 0.5%; Sophia, Mexico) was the preferred brand for the beta-blockers (BB) class by 71% (n = 79) of the participants. Azopt (brinzolamide 1%; Alcon Lab, US) was the preferred carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) by 54% (n = 60) of the glaucoma specialists. Lumigan (bimatoprost 0.01% and 0.03%; Allergan Inc., U.S.) was the first choice for the prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) in 62% (n = 70) of the answers. The most frequently prescribed alpha-agonist (AA) was Agglad (brimonidine 0.2%; Sophia Lab, Mexico) in 44% (n = 49) of the answers. Medication accessibility (31%), cost (29%), and recommended dose (23%) were the three main factors influencing the glaucoma specialists' preferences.

Conclusion

Medication cost and accessibility, as well as posology, remain the main factors influencing brand preferences among glaucoma doctors. In our professional opinion, the therapeutic effect must be the leading factor when prescribing topical medications in the daily practice, so that patients receive the best treatment option.

Clinical significance

This survey provides an understanding of the decision-making process when prescribing glaucoma medications by glaucoma specialists in a Latin American developing country. Ideally, patient treatment should be individualized and aimed to achieve the best results possible for their specific condition.

How to cite this article

Lazcano-Gomez G, Alvarez-Ascencio D, Haro-Zuno C, Turati-Acosta M, Garcia-Huerta M, Jimenez-Arroyo J, Castañeda-Diez R, Castillejos-Chevez A, Gonzalez-Salinas R, Dominguez-Dueñas F, Jimenez-Roman J. Glaucoma Medication Preferences among Glaucoma Specialists in Mexico. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):97-100.