bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memórias postadas, histórias compartilhadas: a educação rondoniense nas páginas do Facebook / Posted memories, shared stories: Rondonian education on the Facebook pages
Authors: Simões Robson Fonseca
Published: May 2020

Numa tentativa de trazer para o debate as postagens dos estudantes que também transitam na web, este estudo traz para a discussão os posts que circulam no Facebook, mais especificamente na Página da Escola Duque de Caxias, Página do Colégio Carmela Dutra e Página do Colégio Barão de Solimões de Porto Velho, estado de Rondônia, procurando destacar que os registros compartilhados, possíveis fontes para a historiografia da educação, mantêm acesas a memória e as vivências compartilhadas de participação dos usuários junto à vida escolar. Quais as histórias escolares mais lembradas? Conhecer sobre as histórias dessas escolas pode ser um caminho para tentar compreender os sentidos atribuídos à memória das experiências manifestadas através dos relatos dos sujeitos. Os usuários desempenham papéis indicadores de parâmetros culturais que condicionam as ações cotidianas, as representações e lugares. Cabe à tela, a capacidade de conceder um brilho à vida recriada no espaço midiático, no qual produtores e receptores manejam a linguagem, com vistas à produção de sentidos, demandando novas interpretações. Valho-me dos estudiosos Certeau (1982), Chartier (2002), Lèvy (1999) e Sibilia (2008) instigando-me a pensar que essas postagens representam valores culturais, criatividades cotidianas, práticas sociais para a produção e significação das histórias escolares, ampliando, os repertórios de fontes para a História da Educação rondoniense.* * *In an attempt to bring to the debate the postings of students who also travel on the web, this study brings to the discussion the posts circulating on Facebook, more specifically the Page of the Duque de Caxias School, Page of the College Carmela Dutra and Page of the College Barão de Solimões of Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, seeking to emphasize that shared records, possible sources for the historiography of education, keep alive the memory and the shared experiences of users' participation in school life. Which school stories are most remembered? Knowing about the stories of these schools can be a way to try to understand the senses attributed to the memory of the experiences manifested through the subjects' reports. Users play the role of indicators of cultural parameters that condition daily actions, representations and places. It is the capacity to give a brightness to the life recreated in the media space, in which producers and receivers manage the language, with a view to the production of senses, demanding new interpretations. I think the researchers Certeau (1982), Chartier (2002), Lèvy (1999) and Sibilia (2008) help me to that these postings represent cultural values, everyday creations, social practices for the production and signification of school histories, amplifying, the repertoires of sources for the History of the rondonian Education.
Educação popular feminina: uma análise em Enrique Dussel sobre a libertação da mulher em meios rurais na primeira metade do século XX / Female popular education: an analysis in Enrique Dussel on liberation woman in rural media in the first half of the 20th Century
Authors: Busko Paula Simone
Published: May 2020

Este artigo traz uma reflexão teórica a respeito dos caminhos da mulher analfabeta que consegue a libertação por meio da educação popular. Trazendo uma abordagem em torno dos conceitos de libertação do filósofo Enrique Dussel, este texto prioriza práticas de educação popular em meios carentes. Metodologicamente, sob o olhar de Enrique Dussel, este caminhar reflete a busca da mulher como forma de libertação ao meio culturalmente e socialmente opressor, no intuito de se desvencilhar de uma consciência subalternizada pelo colonialismo. Neste despertar e neste encontro consigo mesma, a mulher que consegue se libertar por meio de uma educação popular recria seus caminhos. Conclui-se que os investimentos na alfabetização para as mulheres trazem retornos sociais altos: melhora a saúde das famílias e traz uma conscientização do dever de motivar seus filhos também a estudar. Mulheres recém-alfabetizadas melhoram os indicadores de desenvolvimento e, portanto, todos os cidadãos, instituições e organismos governamentais deveriam estar comprometidos para a alfabetização destas mulheres que tanto tem sofrido com a opressão ao longo da história.* * *This article brings a theoretical reflection on the ways of the illiterate woman who obtains the liberation through the popular education. Bringing an approach around the concepts of liberation of the philosopher Enrique Dussel, this text prioritizes practices of popular education in needy environments. Methodologically, under the watchful eye of Enrique Dussel, this walk reflects the search of the woman as a way of liberation to the environment culturally and socially oppressive, in order to get rid of a conscience subalternizada by colonialism. In this awakening and in this encounter with herself, the woman who is able to free herself through a popular education recreates her ways. It is concluded that investments in literacy for women bring high social returns: it improves the health of families and brings an awareness of the duty to motivate their children to study. Newly literate women improve development indicators and therefore all citizens, institutions and government agencies should be committed to the literacy of these women who have suffered so much from oppression throughout history.
Saberes e fazeres na formação do professor de história: o processo de ensino-aprendizagem através das ações do PIBID em uma escola pública de Montes Claros/MG / Know and do in the formation of the history teacher: the teaching-learning process through the actions of PIBID in a public school in Montes Claros/MG
Authors: Delfino Leonara Lacerda
Published: May 2020

O artigo tem por objetivo problematizar as potencialidades do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) do curso de licenciatura em História quanto às suas possibilidades de elaborar espaços de ensino-aprendizagem significativos à experiência dos sujeitos profissionais em formação. Nesse sentido, compreendo o programa como lugar estratégico para a construção e mobilização de saberes múltiplos e diversos em sala de aula, além de permitir o intercâmbio entre universidade e espaço escolar e viabilizar práticas metodológicas com o uso de linguagens plurais e não convencionais enquanto recursos didáticos. Para averiguar os saberes docentes em formação e acionados durante as intervenções, analisei o conjunto de subprojetos e relatórios confeccionados pelos pibidianos, além de desenvolver o método da observação participante e da realização de entrevistas em grupo focal. A pesquisa de campo se discorreu durante as reuniões e trabalhos coletivos com os acadêmicos, professores coordenadores e supervisores, realizados tanto na escola escolhida para a intervenção, como nos encontros periódicos feitos na universidade.***The purpose of this article is to analyze the potential of the Institutional Program of the Initiation to Teaching Grant of the degree course in History regarding its possibilities of elaborating teaching-learning spaces that are significant to the experience of the professional subjects in training. In this sense, I understand the program as a strategic place for the construction and mobilization of multiple and diverse knowledge in the classroom, besides allowing the interchange between university and school space and to make feasible methodological practices with the use of plural and non-conventional languages as didactic resources. In order to ascertain the teaching knowledge in training and during the interventions, I analyzed the set of subprojects and reports made by the pibidianos, as well as developing the method of participant observation and the conduction of focus group interviews. Field research was discussed during meetings and collective work with academics, coordinating teachers and supervisors, both at the school chosen for the intervention, as well as at the periodic meetings held at the university.
Evolução e condições do trabalho docente no Brasil do século XX / Evolution and conditions of teaching work in Brazil of the twentieth century
Authors: Stockmann Daniel
Published: May 2020

Este texto aborda os principais acontecimentos da educação brasileira ao longo do século XX. Trata-se de uma análise bibliográfica das transformações político-econômicas e sua correlação com a educação e o trabalho docente.  Parte-se de uma abordagem histórico-critica, para compreender as condições de profissionalização ou proletarização da atividade docente, passando pela consolidação de suas representações de classe até o final do século. Apesar da história da profissionalização docente, assim como toda a história, não transcorrer de forma linear, a consolidação de direitos laborais expressam, em maior ou menor grau, a gradativa expansão dos direitos sociais, especialmente os que têm no investimento em educação enquanto politica pública, uma esperança de desenvolvimento econômico.***This text addresses the main events of Brazilian education throughout the 20th century. It is a bibliographical analysis of political-economic transformations and their correlation with education and teaching work. It starts from a historical-critical approach, to understand the conditions of professionalization or proletarianization of the teaching activity, passing through the consolidation of its class representations until the end of the century. Although the history of teacher professionalization, as well as all of history, does not proceed in a linear way, the consolidation of labor rights express, to a greater or lesser extent, the gradual expansion of social rights, especially those that have in the investment in education as a public policy , a hope of economic development.
O negro enquanto sujeito na História da Educação: as contribuições de uma nova abordagem historiográfica e uma perspectiva de análise para o estado-nação imperial / The black as a subject in the Hstory of Education: the contributions of a new historiographic approach and an analysis perspective for the state-imperial nation
Authors: Verona Priscilla
Published: May 2020

A historiografia educacional brasileira, sobretudo no que tange aos estudos referentes ao século XIX, caracterizou frequentemente o negro como um escravo, que, destituído de direitos, estabelecia uma relação de exclusão com a sociedade e com os processos educativos. Ao não ser considerado um sujeito social pela historiografia tradicional, o negro se manteve durante longo período de tempo à margem também de nossa historiografia da educação. No entanto, nas últimas décadas vem se consubstanciando um movimento rico de superação do silencionamento que foi produzido em relação aos negros na história da educação. Abordagens mais problematizantes aliadas ao surgimento de inúmeras pesquisas e iniciativas passaram a privilegiar e considerar o papel ativo do negro dentro da história da educação no Brasil. Nesse sentido, o artigo se propõe a realizar um breve balanço, buscando sobretudo trazer perspectivas para se pensar o Estado - Nação imperial por meio de uma série de contribuições que dão visibilidade ao protagonismo negro na história.***Brazilian educational historiography, especially with regard to studies relates to the nineteenth century, often characterized  the black as a slave, who deprived of rights, established a relationship of exclusion with society and educational processes. Not being considered a social subject by traditional historiography, the  black remained for a long period of time also on the fringes of our historiography of education. However, in recent decades there has been a rich movement to overcome the silencing that has been produced in relation to blacks in the history of education. More problematic approaches coupled with the emergence of numerous researches and initiatives began to privilege and consider the active role of blacks within the history of education in Brasil. In this sense, the article proposes to make a brief balance, seeking above all to bring perspectives to think the imperial Nation State.
Da cadeira ao banco: escola e modernização (séculos XVIII–XX)
Authors: Carvalho Bruno Bernardes
Published: May 2020

Resenha: MAGALHÃES, Justino. Da cadeira ao banco: escola e modernização (séculos XVIII–XX). Lisboa: Educa; Unidade de I&D de Ciências da Educação. 2010. 644p.
New estimates of total factor productivity, technical and efficiency changes for the global agricultural economy
Authors: Le Clech Néstor A. , Fillat-Castejon Carmen
Published: May 2020

Aim of study: The accuracy of international and intertemporal comparisons of total factor productivity (TFP) growth requires the use of indicators that satisfy transitive and multiplicative properties, such as the Färe-Primont index (FPI). This paper compares the evolution of TFP in global agriculture.Area of study: Worldwide.Material and methods: The evolution of TFP in global agriculture was measured by the traditional Malmquist index (MI) and by the FPI, with alternative measurements of input capital.Main results: We found a significantly lower TFP growth with the FPI. New estimates of TFP growth for 1961-2015 show that output oriented scale-mix efficiency drives TFP growth, with an important technological change between 1996 and 2000 and another in 2014. Regional comparisons reveal heterogeneous trends in efficiency, linked to institutional reforms and agricultural R&D.Research highlights: More realistic figures and global comparisons of agricultural productivity provide a better understanding to implement better policies. Available measures of capital stock do not yield significant differences in TFP estimations, but the precise identification and estimation of the heterogeneous drivers and burdens is fundamental for boosting agricultural productivity and its benefits on global food security.
Effect of hitch distance on haulage performance for 2WD tractors: A theoretical analysis
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Pranav Prabhanjan K. , Pal Anubhab
Published: May 2020

Aim of study: A computer program was developed in Visual Basic 10 environment for predicting the haulage performance of 2WD tractors using various empirical and theoretical equations.Methodology: Three types of inputs related to tractor, trailer and operating parameters were used to calculate the performance parameters through empirical and theoretical equations. The performance parameters included mainly draft, slip, transport efficiency, transport productivity, fuel economy index, rear and front axle dynamic weight, etc. The program was used to evaluate the haulage performance by varying hitch distance (HD) at various operating conditions.Main results: On one hand lower HD was beneficial in increasing the maximum payload, transport productivity as well as the maximum slope; but at the same time, it reduced the rear axle dynamic load, fuel economy index and actual engine power requirement.Research highlights: There was a markable effect of HD over tractor performance which can play a role to optimize traction and stability.
Determining the radiation use efficiency of potato using sunshine hour data: a simple and costless approach
Authors: Samanta Suman , Banerjee Saon , Mukherjee Asis , Patra Pulak K. , Chakraborty Pramiti K.
Published: May 2020

Aim of study: Radiation parameters and photoperiod influence potato biomass and tuber yield significantly. Lack of instrument facilities in developing countries is the main hindrance to estimate global solar radiation (GSR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE). Considering these facts, an experiment was conducted to estimate light extinction coefficient (K) and RUE using a simple but indirect approach that can be implied in any location lacking sophisticated instruments.Area of study: Field experiments were conducted in Kalyani, West Bengal, representing the Indo-Gangetic Plains.Material and methods: Angstrom-Prescott (A-P) equation was used to calculate GSR. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three dates of planting (DOP), 15th Nov, 29th Nov and 13th Dec, as main plot treatment and three potato cultivars (ˈKufri Suryaˈ, ˈKufri Chandramukhiˈ and ˈKufri Jyotiˈ) as sub-plot treatment. Leaf area indices and K values were used to determine intercepted PAR (IPAR) as well as RUE.Main results: The cumulative IPAR from emergence to harvest ranged 246-429 MJ m-2 depending on planting time and varieties. Irrespective of DOPs, the highest mean RUE (4.19 g MJ-1) was calculated in ˈKufri Chandramukhiˈ, showing that it used the radiation more efficiently that the other two cultivars (ˈKufri Suryaˈ= 3.75 g MJ-1 and ˈKufri Jyotiˈ= 3.14 g MJ-1).Research highlights: Statistical indices confirmed that the A-P model can be reliably used in the study region for estimation of GSR. This simple way to estimating RUE using bright sunshine hours data can be used in developing countries, where costly radiation instruments are not available.
Medically unfit women with early-stage endometrial cancer treated with the levonorgestrel intrauterine system
Authors: Nikolopoulos Manolis , Godfrey Michelle A.L. , Wuntakal Rekha
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical efficacy of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of early-stageendometrial cancer in elderly morbidly obese women, whose multiple co-morbidities made the standard surgicaltreatment too risky to undertake.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted and case series reports were prepared of all women diagnosed withendometrial cancer, from April 2011 to December 2016 at the Queen's Hospital, London, to identify women unfit forsurgery and treated with the LNG-IUS.ResultsOut of 438 women with endometrial cancer, Eight women with early-stage endometrial cancer were deemed unfitfor surgery and underwent treatment with the LNG-IUS. All had grade 1 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma,radiologically staged as 1a. Four women died of their co-morbidities, not related to endometrial cancer. One of themhad 68 months of progression-free survival before death due to co-morbidities. One patient required a hysterectomyafter 32 months of treatment with LNG-IUS and oral progestogens due to heavy vaginal bleeding. Three women havecontinued the LNG-IUS treatment with no evidence of progressive disease symptoms till date at a mean follow-up of35.7 months.ConclusionFor women with multiple co-morbidities, the LNG-IUS offers an effective and safe treatment for early-stage, lowgradeendometrial cancer, with no cases of symptomatic progression reported in our case series. In the frail andelderly, where the quality of life is of paramount importance, surgical treatment may not offer additional long-termsurvival benefits.
Autonomiczne mikrodomy jako instrument mitygacji problemów związanych
z migracją klimatyczną – diagnoza szans
i zagrożeń dla przestrzeni antropogenicznej
Authors: Felski Bartosz
Published: May 2020

Niemal w każdym zakątku na świecie rozpoczyna się walka ze zmianami klimatu, a zaangażowanie lokalnych społeczności w ratowanie środowiska naturalnego widocznie rośnie. O ile stan środowiska jest częścią toczącej się obecnie naukowej debaty, a jego wpływ na cywilizację jest szeroko opisywany, o tyle pomijane są zupełnie kwestie uchodźctwa klimatycznego, ważne ze względu na funkcjonowanie w przyszłości miast obciążonych dodatkową liczbą nowych użytkowników. Należy zwrócić uwagę, że ruchy migracyjne, z którymi borykała się Europa w ostatnich latach, miały charakter krótkotrwały w ujęciu urbanistyki i specyfiki miast. Prognozowane migracje klimatyczne będą natomiast czynnikiem generującym transformację przestrzeni o charakterze stałym, co oznacza, że przedeBUILDER
I CZERWIEC 2020 55 BUILDER SCIENCE I MIKRODOMY – ARCHITEKTURA MOBILNA W ASPEKCIE MIGRACJI KLIMATYCZNYCHfiniowaniu powinna ulec polityka przestrzenna. Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie potencjalnych zagrożeń w funkcjonowaniu tkanki miejskiej związanych z prognozowanymi migracjami klimatycznymi i pokazanie potencjalnego rozwiązania w postaci mikrodomów, mając na uwadze fakt, że już obecnie zdolność do kompensacji skutków zdarzeń ekstremalnych w wielu miastach ma charakter raczej potencjalny niż faktyczny.
Pomiary uszkodzeń budynku
na podstawie trójwymiarowych danych
ze skaningu laserowego
Authors: Pawłowicz Joanna A.
Published: May 2020

Naziemny skaning laserowy 3D (ang. Terrestrial Laser Scanning) jest nowoczesną technologią pomiarową, dzięki której można szybko uzyskać zbiór danych o obiekcie. Otrzymane informacje są bardzo szczegółowe, dzięki czemu zakres ich zastosowania jest szeroki. Skanery laserowe świetnie sprawdzają się w inwentaryzacji i identyfikacji uszkodzeń obiektu. Wykonanie takich analiz i określenie ich zasięgu odbywa się dzięki wykorzystaniu trójwymiarowej chmury punktów. W procesie postprocessingu można odczytać np. długości spękania w murze bez dodatkowych pomiarów w terenie. To daje pogląd na stan techniczny budynku. Na podstawie tych informacji można zaplanować prace remontowe.
Utrzymanie obiektów jest jednym z etapów w cyklu życia budynku. Zaś chmura punktów stanowi podstawę do wykonania modelu budynku 3D. Może on posłużyć do opracowania modelu BIM tego obiektu. Praca skupia się na przedstawieniu problematyki wykorzystania naziemnego skanera laserowego 3D do zebrania danych w celu identyfikacji i pomiaru uszkodzeń budynku zabytkowego.
Recykling odpadów budowlanych
na etapie realizacji robót
Authors: Szafranko Elżbieta , Jaromińska Marzena
Published: May 2020

Realizacja obiektów budowlanych
zawsze jest związana z generowaniem
dużych ilości odpadów budowlanych. Zasady
postępowania z pozostałościami po procesach
technologicznych regulują przepisy zarówno
krajowe, jak i obowiązujące w Unii Europejskiej.
Zalecenia dotyczące gospodarowania
odpadami obejmują segregację odpadów
zgodną z podziałem na grupy, podgrupy
oraz rodzaje, a także dalsze ich losy. Zgodnie z
hierarchią działań poleca się przetwarzanie odpadów
w miejscu ich powstawania. W artykule
przedstawiono krótki przegląd przepisów i zaleceń
dotyczących gospodarowania odpadami
powstającymi na etapie realizacji robót budowlanych.
Przedstawiono również rozwiązania
związane z zagospodarowaniem odpadów
na budowie.
SOBRE O ESTATUTO DA FILOSOFIA NO ÂMBITO DAS RELIGIONSWISSENSCHAFT
Authors: Rocha Luiz Carlos
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fundamental explicitar o papel e o estatuto da filosofia no âmbito das ciências da religião (Religionswissenschaft), no concernente aos aspectos do fenômeno religioso, este entendido enquanto “espaço” possibilitador de experiência real e vital ao ser humano. Ao estabelecer tal relação, fica evidenciado a característica originária da filosofia frente ao fenômeno religioso, a saber, sua postura crítica (kritische Haltung), condição inerente de sua estrutura genética.
A CRÍTICA DE GADAMER E A SUBSUNÇÃO DO FATO À NORMA JURÍDICA
Authors: Júnior Wilson Clemente
Published: May 2020

Segundo Gadamer, “ordenação geral da vida através das regras do direito é bastante deficitária, necessitando de uma complementação produtiva”. Essa complementação se dá por meio da atividade do juízo, que promove a concreção do direito no caso sub judice.  Assim, “O juiz não só aplica a lei in concreto, mas colabora ele mesmo, através de sua sentença, para a evolução do direito (direito judicial)”.  Partindo-se do pressuposto de que Gadamer está correto em sua posição original, a presente comunicação se guia pela seguinte indagação: é possível analisar o ato de julgar do juízo através da hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer?
Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Group Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hoseini Tabatabaei Roya , Bolghan-Abadi Mustafa
Published: May 2020

: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused group therapy in generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis. In this semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and unequal control group, 40 patients with multiple sclerosis were selected randomly from the MS Society of Mashhad. They were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two treatment and control groups. Then, six training sessions were held for the treatment group based on the short-term solution-focused treatment protocol for generalized anxiety disorder. This intervention was not implemented for the control group. Participants answered a seven-item generalized anxiety inventory. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference (P = 0.021) between the control and treatment groups in generalized anxiety disorder. In other words, solution-focused therapy could significantly reduce generalized anxiety in the treatment group when compared to the control group.
Which PGY1 Pharmacy Residency Is Right for Me? Advantages and Disadvantages of Pediatric-Focused and Traditional PGY1 Pharmacy Programs
Authors: Shaddix Brittany Powers , Harkin Maura , Miller Jamie L. , Johnson Peter N.
Published: May 2020

Students interested in pediatric pharmacy may face difficulty choosing a postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) Pharmacy residency program. These students can complete their PGY1 Pharmacy residency in a traditional PGY1 Pharmacy program, a program with less than 50% of pediatric rotation experiences, or a pediatric-focused PGY1 Pharmacy program, a program with at least 50% of pediatric rotation experiences. These programs differ in rotational experiences, types of projects available, service commitment, and preceptor backgrounds. This article provides potential advantages and disadvantages that students may consider when selecting between these 2 different PGY1 Pharmacy residency programs. In addition, the article includes advice for students to consider when evaluating the best fit for themselves, and many of the recommendations were developed following a presentation that was given to students at the Pediatric Pharmacy Association's Annual Meeting in April 2019. Ultimately, the best residency program fit for a student interested in pediatrics should be based on each student's priorities, preferences, and career goals.
Adverse Drug Events due to Central Nervous System Depressant Drugs in Pediatric Patients With or Without Surgery
Authors: Yamamoto Marumi , Ohta Yoshinori , Sakuma Mio , Matsumoto Chisa , Morimoto Takeshi
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES

To identify differences in the incidence and severity of adverse drug events (ADEs) due to CNS depressant drugs among pediatric patients with and without surgery.

METHODS

The Japan Adverse Drug Events Study was a cohort study enrolling pediatric inpatients. Potential ADEs were identified by onsite review of medical charts, incident reports, and prescription queries. Two independent physicians classified ADEs and severity. We compared the incidence and characteristics of ADEs between pediatric patients with surgery (surgery group) and without surgery (non-surgery group). We evaluated severity of ADEs due to CNS depressant drugs among both groups.

RESULTS

We enrolled 944 patients, 234 in surgery group and 710 in non-surgery group. A total of 480 ADEs due to any drugs occurred in 225 patients. Among 81 ADEs due to CNS depressant drugs, 42 ADEs were in surgery group, whereas 39 were in non-surgery group. The risk of fatal or life-threatening ADEs due to CNS depressant drugs was significantly higher than other drugs (12% vs. 2%, p < 0.001). In the surgery group, anesthetics led to 2 fatal or life-threatening, 8 serious, and 30 significant ADEs, whereas in the non-surgery group anesthetics led to 2 fatal or life-threatening, 5 serious, and 4 significant ADEs. Anesthetics were higher risk in the non-surgery group (p = 0.049).

CONCLUSIONS

The risks of fatal and life-threatening ADEs were significantly higher with CNS depressant drugs than other drugs. Pediatric patients without surgery have higher risks of fatal or life-threatening ADEs due to anesthetics than those with surgery.
Aggressive Prophylactic Treatments for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Improve Outcomes in Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy Procedure
Authors: Demidovich Tatyana , Perez-Franco Orlando , Silvestrini-Suarez Marco , Yue Pin
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an extremely common side effect of general anesthesia that is difficult to manage. We tested a hypothesis that an aggressive prophylactic intervention with additional antiemetic drugs will reduce the incidence of PONV in a high-risk pediatric population undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy were screened for their risk factors for PONV. Patients who had 3 or more risk factors were identified as high risk and received either scopolamine patch preoperatively (for patients over 40 kg body weight) or diphenhydramine immediately postextubation in addition to ondansetron and dexamethasone, which are given routinely. Incidences of PONV within the first 60 minutes of a postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

Overall postoperative vomiting rates during the first hour of a PACU stay were 4.3% for the group that was treated with dexamethasone and ondansetron only and 3.9% for the group that was treated with additional antiemetic drugs. Aggressive prophylactic management of PONV did reduce the rate of nausea and vomiting in a group of high-risk patients (p < 0.0001). The postoperative antiemetic drug usage was also decreased during the first 60 minutes of a PACU stay. However, the approach did not reduce the overall rate of PONV for the entire study population (p = 0.1612 for nausea and p = 0.0678 for vomiting).

CONCLUSION

Aggressive intraoperative management of PONV with additional antiemetic drugs are beneficial in high-risk pediatric population. Intraoperative diphenhydramine usage decreased the rate of PONV. However, preoperative scopolamine patch prevention did not improve PONV, which may be related to the drug's longer onset of action. Our result suggests that current clinical practice is undertreating PONV in pediatric patients receiving general anesthesia.
Escalation in Therapy Based on Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Dosing in Pediatric Patients With Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Kapuscinski Christine A. , Stauber Sierra D. , Hutchinson David J.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to compare doses of intravenous magnesium sulfate and their association with escalations in therapy in children and adolescents presenting to the emergency department with an asthma exacerbation.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study among children who received both magnesium sulfate and standard of care therapy for asthma exacerbations. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was performed to identify a breakpoint in dose in which a difference in the primary outcome was present. The primary endpoint was need for escalation in therapy within 24 hours of initial magnesium sulfate dose, defined as need for invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation or need for adjunctive therapy, that is, epinephrine, terbutaline, aminophylline, theophylline, ketamine, heliox, or additional doses of magnesium sulfate.

RESULTS

A total of 210 patients were included in the study. A CART analysis identified that a breakpoint of 27 mg/kg of magnesium was associated with a difference in the primary outcome of escalation in therapy in patients <40 kg. A subgroup analysis of patients <40 kg (n = 149) found patients who received magnesium doses >27 mg/kg had a higher incidence of the primary outcome of escalation in therapy, 15 patients (18.3%) versus 3 patients (4.5%) in the ≤27-mg/kg/dose group (p = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results demonstrate larger doses of magnesium sulfate are associated with an increased need for invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation or need for adjunctive therapy(ies). Our findings are limited by confounding factors that may have influenced this outcome in our population.
Home Use of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine in a Child With An Intractable Sleep Disorder
Authors: De Zen Lucia , Del Rizzo Irene , Robazza Margherita , Barbieri Francesca , Campagna Marta , Vaccher Silvia , Barbi Egidio , Dall'Amico Roberto
Published: May 2020

Sleep disturbance is a crucial issue in pediatric palliative care, with a dramatic impact on the quality of life of children and families. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective α-2 agonist, with anxiolytic, hypnotic, and analgesic properties, that could play a role in the management of refractory sleep disturbances. We describe the use of intranasal DEX as a sleep inductor in a 10-year-old female with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and a severe sleep disorder. After treatment with melatonin, benzodiazepines, and niaprazine had failed, she was admitted to the hospital where 3 mcg/kg/day of intranasal DEX was administered before bedtime. She received 0.7 mL of the IV formulation at a concentration of 100 mcg/mL with half the dose given in each nostril via a Mucosal Atomization Device. During this time, she was also monitored for potential side effects (e.g., bradycardia, blood pressure derangements). After 2 weeks of hospitalization, she was discharged with ready-to-use doses of DEX for home treatment. The child's heart rate and blood oxygen saturation were monitored at home. There was a definite improvement in sleep quality and duration, daytime alertness, pain control, and quality of life. No side effects were reported and the drug retained its effect over time (the patient is currently taking the drug). Intranasal DEX could be a safe and effective strategy to manage refractory sleep disturbances in children in pediatric palliative care.
The Principles of Switching Circuits
Authors: Edwards Frederick H.
Published: May 2020

Switching theory is concerned with the development of models and techniques for the analysis and synthesis of those circuits in which information is represented in discrete or digital form, as opposed to the analog form in which information is represented in a continuous manner. The application of digital techniques over a wider range of human activities has already profoundly affected modern life, and there is no visible limit to their future utility.

This book is the outgrowth of a course on switching circuits that the author has taught since 1960, and it is designed as a text to provide a unified treatment of the subject with particular emphasis on sequential circuit theory. An attempt has been made to include only those techniques that have been generally accepted and seem to have lasting application.

The first four of the nine chapters are devoted to basic principles and to combinational circuit theory. They introduce number systems, binary codes, Boolean algebra, switching functions, the analysis and synthesis of combinational gate circuits (including NAND, NOR, EXCLUSIVE-OR, and EXCLUSIVE-NOR), and threshold logic, among other topics. Also covered are algebraic, geometric, and tabular techniques for the minimization of algebraic expressions.

The remainder of this book is on sequential circuit theory. A general treatment is emphasized by classification of the sequential-circuit operation as either fundamental mode or pulse mode, and as either clocked or not clocked. A comparison of the two modes is enhanced by design examples in which the same problem specifications are used for each mode. Both algebraic and tabular techniques are presented for the analysis and synthesis of these circuits. The timely topics of control states and register transfers in sequential design are included. The book closes with a discussion of sequential-circuit minimization associated with the reduction of flow tables, and the state-assignment problem. Answers are provided to selected problems.
ER-luminal [Ca2+] regulation of InsP3 receptor gating mediated by an ER-luminal peripheral Ca2+-binding protein
Authors: Vais Horia , Wang Min , Mallilankaraman Karthik , Payne Riley , McKennan Chris , Lock Jeffrey T , Spruce Lynn A , Fiest Carly , Chan Matthew Yan-lok , Parker Ian , Seeholzer Steven H , Foskett J Kevin , Mak Don-On Daniel
Published: May 2020

Modulating cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) Ca2+-release channels is a universal signaling pathway that regulates numerous cell-physiological processes. Whereas much is known regarding regulation of InsP3R activity by cytoplasmic ligands and processes, its regulation by ER-luminal Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ER) is poorly understood and controversial. We discovered that the InsP3R is regulated by a peripheral membrane-associated ER-luminal protein that strongly inhibits the channel in the presence of high, physiological [Ca2+]ER. The widely-expressed Ca2+-binding protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) is present in the nuclear envelope lumen and, through interaction with a luminal region of the channel, can modify high-[Ca2+]ER inhibition of InsP3R activity. Genetic knockdown of ANXA1 expression enhanced global and local elementary InsP3-mediated Ca2+ signaling events. Thus, [Ca2+]ER is a major regulator of InsP3R channel activity and InsP3R-mediated [Ca2+]i signaling in cells by controlling an interaction of the channel with a peripheral membrane-associated Ca2+-binding protein, likely ANXA1.
Transverse sinus injections drive robust whole-brain expression of transgenes
Authors: Hamodi Ali S , Martinez Sabino Aude , Fitzgerald N Dalton , Moschou Dionysia , Crair Michael C
Published: May 2020

Convenient, efficient and fast whole-brain delivery of transgenes presents a persistent experimental challenge in neuroscience. Recent advances demonstrate whole-brain gene delivery by retro-orbital injection of virus, but slow and sparse expression and the large injection volumes required make this approach cumbersome, especially for developmental studies. We developed a novel method for efficient gene delivery across the central nervous system in neonatal mice and rats starting as early as P1 and persisting into adulthood. The method employs transverse sinus injections of 2–4 μL of AAV9 at P0. Here, we describe how to use this method to label and/or genetically manipulate cells in the neonatal rat and mouse brain. The protocol is fast, simple, can be readily adopted by any laboratory, and utilizes the widely available AAV9 capsid. The procedure is adaptable for diverse experimental applications ranging from biochemistry, anatomical and functional mapping, gene expression, silencing, and editing.
A helminth-derived suppressor of ST2 blocks allergic responses
Authors: Vacca Francesco , Chauché Caroline , Jamwal Abhishek , Hinchy Elizabeth C , Heieis Graham , Webster Holly , Ogunkanbi Adefunke , Sekne Zala , Gregory William F , Wear Martin , Perona-Wright Georgia , Higgins Matthew K , Nys Josquin A , Cohen E Suzanne , McSorley Henry J
Published: May 2020

The IL-33-ST2 pathway is an important initiator of type 2 immune responses. We previously characterised the HpARI protein secreted by the model intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which binds and blocks IL-33. Here, we identify H. polygyrus Binds Alarmin Receptor and Inhibits (HpBARI) and HpBARI_Hom2, both of which consist of complement control protein (CCP) domains, similarly to the immunomodulatory HpARI and Hp-TGM proteins. HpBARI binds murine ST2, inhibiting cell surface detection of ST2, preventing IL-33-ST2 interactions, and inhibiting IL-33 responses in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of asthma. In H. polygyrus infection, ST2 detection is abrogated in the peritoneal cavity and lung, consistent with systemic effects of HpBARI. HpBARI_Hom2 also binds human ST2 with high affinity, and effectively blocks human PBMC responses to IL-33. Thus, we show that H. polygyrus blocks the IL-33 pathway via both HpARI which blocks the cytokine, and also HpBARI which blocks the receptor.
β spectrin-dependent and domain specific mechanisms for Na+ channel clustering
Authors: Liu Cheng-Hsin , Seo Ryan , Ho Tammy Szu-Yu , Stankewich Michael , Mohler Peter J , Hund Thomas J , Noebels Jeffrey L , Rasband Matthew N
Published: May 2020

Previously, we showed that a hierarchy of spectrin cytoskeletal proteins maintains nodal Na+ channels (Liu et al., 2020). Here, using mice lacking β1, β4, or β1/β4 spectrins, we show this hierarchy does not function at axon initial segments (AIS). Although β1 spectrin, together with AnkyrinR (AnkR), compensates for loss of nodal β4 spectrin, it cannot compensate at AIS. We show AnkR lacks the domain necessary for AIS localization. Whereas loss of β4 spectrin causes motor impairment and disrupts AIS, loss of β1 spectrin has no discernable effect on central nervous system structure or function. However, mice lacking both neuronal β1 and β4 spectrin show exacerbated nervous system dysfunction compared to mice lacking β1 or β4 spectrin alone, including profound disruption of AIS Na+ channel clustering, progressive loss of nodal Na+ channels, and seizures. These results further define the important role of AIS and nodal spectrins for nervous system function.
Pupil diameter encodes the idiosyncratic, cognitive complexity of belief updating
Authors: Filipowicz Alexandre LS , Glaze Christopher M , Kable Joseph W , Gold Joshua I
Published: May 2020

Pupils tend to dilate in response to surprising events, but it is not known whether these responses are primarily stimulus driven or instead reflect a more nuanced relationship between pupil-linked arousal systems and cognitive expectations. Using an auditory adaptive decision-making task, we show that evoked pupil diameter is more parsimoniously described as signaling violations of learned, top-down expectations than changes in low-level stimulus properties. We further show that both baseline and evoked pupil diameter is modulated by the degree to which individual subjects use these violations to update their subsequent expectations, as reflected in the complexity of their updating strategy. Together these results demonstrate a central role for idiosyncratic cognitive processing in how arousal systems respond to new inputs and, via our complexity-based analyses, offer a potential framework for understanding these effects in terms of both inference processes aimed to reduce belief uncertainty and more traditional notions of mental effort.
The Impact of the Debt Ratio, Total Assets, and Earning Growth Rate on WACC: Evidence from Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Budhathoki Prem Bahadur , Rai Chandra Kumar
Published: May 2020

This study examined the impact of the debt ratio, total assets, and earnings growth rate on banks’ WACC. This study employed bank scope data of twenty-eight commercial banks during the single period of 2018. Altogether, there were 28 observations were made in the study. The ordinary least squares model was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that two predictor variables debt ratio and total assets significantly affected the bank’s WACC. But the predictor variable earnings growth rate did not significantly affect banks’ WACC. The results of this study could help bankers and policymakers to take effective action to reduce banks’ WACC.
Enhancing and Conservation of Ecosystem through Philatelic Education in Europe: Think Green Concept (I) - Stamp Research Study
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan , Pop Alexandru Leonard , Coman Mirela
Published: May 2020

Each year the members of PostEurop issue EUROPA stamps on a common theme. One new twist is that all stamp issuers in the PostEurop area are using the same motif. The 2016 year's theme was the environment. PostNord works actively to take environmental and sustainability responsibilities seriously and have set clear, measurable goals.

EUROPA stamps are special stamps issued by European postal administrations and bears the official EUROPA logo, a PostEurop registered trademark under the aegis of PostEurop in which Europe is the central theme. EUROPA stamps underlines cooperation in the posts domain, taking into account promotion of thematic philately. They also build awareness of the common roots, culture and history of Europe and its common goals. As such, EUROPA stamp issues are among the most collected and most popular stamps in the world.

Since the first issue in 1956, EUROPA stamps have been a tangible symbol of Europe’s desire for closer integration and cooperation. In 1993, PostEurop became responsible for issuing EUROPA stamps, so each year, philately working group selects the EUROPA stamp theme. “Think green!” was the 2016 theme. EUROPA stamps “Think green!” theme aimed to create awareness and give a wakeup call - its time to protect our environment for the better future of the coming generations, and to contribute to sustainable development. In this paper we propose an insight into the history of Europe preoccupations for nature protection and conservation, to bring into limelight the significant concerns in promoting ecological education via thematic issues (in this case, “Think green!” issues). In this context, for this study only, the main objective is to identify, index and describe the main philatelic pieces issued as EUROPA stamps, from the beginning of issuing in this field, and for the first half of the countries involved in the 2016 PostEurop's contest.
Forecasting of Campus Placement for Students Using Ensemble Voting Classifier
Authors: Dutta Shawni , Bandyopadhyay Samir Kumar
Published: May 2020

Campus placement is a measure of students’ performance in a course. A forecasting method is proposed in this paper to predict possible campus placement of any institution. Data mining and knowledge discovery processes on academic career of students are applied. Supervised machine learning technique based classifiers are used for achieving this process. It uses an ensemble approach based voting classifier for choosing best classifier models to achieve better result over other classifiers. Experimental results have indicated 86.05% accuracy of ensemble based approach which is significantly better over other classifiers.
Statistical Analysis of Growth and Instability of Rabi Food Grain Production in Coastal Districts of Odisha, India
Authors: Dash Abhiram , Pradhan Priyanka , Mahapatra Subrat Kumar , Mishra Pradeep
Published: May 2020

Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of Odisha, India. Food grain production in the state is mainly confined in the coastal areas. Coastal land, one of the important production systems occupying an area of about 10.78 million ha, has a significant contribution to the food grain production of the state. Food grains include both cereals and pulses. To study the variation in production of Rabi food grains, a study is made about the area and yield of rabi food grains in these coastal districts from the year 1993-94 to 2014-15. For this purpose, the whole period of study (1993-94 to 2014-15) is divided into two sub-periods i.e. Period-I (1993-94 to 2002-03) and Period-II (2003-04 to 2014-15) on the basis of scatter plot of area, yield and production of Rabi food grains of Odisha. The Indian cropping season is classified into two main seasons-(i) Kharif and (ii) Rabi based on the monsoon. This study includes test of significance of change in mean and variance of area, yield and production of Rabi food grains from Period-I to Period-II. To test the significance of change in mean and variance of area, yield and production of rabi food grains from Period-I to Period-II, Fisher′s t-test and Snedecor’s F-test have been used respectively. No significant change in mean area from Period-I to Period-II was found but there is high variation in mean yield and mean production of Rabi food grains. High variation in mean yield and mean production of Rabi food grains is marked which may be due to uneven spread of technologies. The results of the study revealed that the variability (variance) in production of Rabi food grains of Odisha increased from Period-I to Period-II. Change in coefficient of variation of area, yield and production of Rabi food grains show significant decrease from Period-I to Period-II.