bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The profile of HDL-C subfractions and their association with cardiovascular risk in the Hungarian general and Roma populations
Authors: Piko Peter , Kosa Zsigmond , Sandor Janos , Seres Ildiko , Paragh Gyorgy , Adany Roza
Published: June 2022

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is not a homogenous lipid fraction, but it can be further divided into subfractions. It is well-known that the Roma population has a high prevalence of reduced HDL-C levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, it is unknown how this reduction affects different HDL subfractions, and whether changes in their quantity/representation are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk among them. In the present study, the HDL subfraction profile of the Hungarian general (HG) and the Roma populations were compared, and the subfractions showing a significant difference between the two populations were identified. The association of HDL subfractions with CVD risk estimated by the Framingham risk score (FRS) and the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) algorithms were also defined. The present study is the first to find a significant association between HDL subfractions and cardiovascular risk estimated by FRS and SCORE. Ten HDL subfractions were investigated on small but carefully selected samples comprising 100 control subjects (with normal lipid profile) and 277 case subjects (with reduced HDL-C levels) from HG and Roma populations of a complex health survey. The level of HDL-1 to 3 subfractions and HDL-L showed a significant inverse association with cardiovascular risk estimated by both SCORE and FRS algorithms, whereas HDL-4 to 6 and HDL-I only for FRS. A higher representation (in %) of HDL-1 to 3 has a significant risk-reducing effect, while HDL-8 to 10 has a risk-increasing effect estimated by FRS. Our results confirmed that reduced levels of HDL-6 and -7 expressed in mmol/L were significantly associated with Roma ethnicity.
Viscoelastic phase separation in biological cells
Authors: Tanaka Hajime
Published: June 2022

Biological phase separation forming membraneless organelles in cytoplasm and nucleus has attracted considerable attention. Liquid-like condensates are often created as spherical droplets. However, various condensates with network-like morphologies, including protein granules, localisation bodies, and centrosome assemblies, have recently been discovered in cells. Therefore, what controls the morphology of biological phase separation is a critical issue but remains elusive. Here, based on the knowledge of viscoelastic phase separation in soft matter physics, we propose that the difference in the molecular dynamics between the two phases controls the condensate morphology. Small and large mobility differences between the two phases should lead to droplet-like and network-like morphologies of the minority phase, respectively. We show that asymmetric partitioning of high-molecular-weight unstructured polymers (e.g., messenger RNA) between the two phases increases the dynamic asymmetry between the phases to form a network-like pattern of the slower phase, which may further be stabilised through inter-polymer binding.
Recent advances in the synthesis of natural products containing the phloroglucinol motif
Authors: Phang Yee Lin , Liu Song , Zheng Changwu , Xu Hongxi
Published: June 2022

Phloroglucinol-derived natural products possess notable bioactivities. This review summarizes the recent synthetic approaches to the natural products bearing a phloroglucinol motif, and demonstrates strategies to functionalize the phloroglucinols.
Indole-substituted flavonol-based cysteine fluorescence sensing and subsequent precisely controlled linear CO liberation
Authors: Sun Ying-Ji , Zhao Deng-Jie , Song Bo
Published: June 2022

This study describes the first indole-substituted flavonol-based fluorescent probe to effectively sense and image Cysin vivo, as a precursor of photoCORM, actuated by Cys, triggered by visible-light, release precisely controlled linear CO under O2.
A large-scale pico-droplet array for viable bacteria digital counting and dynamic tracking based on a thermosetting oil
Authors: Suo Yuanjie , Yin Weihong , Wu Wenshuai , Cao Wenjian , Zhu Qiangyuan , Mu Ying
Published: June 2022

A simple and rapid method was developed for real-time monitoring and digital counting of bacterial growth, and it can provide dynamic information at high resolution in the process.
A ratiometric fluorescence probe for selective and sensitive detection of leucine aminopeptidase in lysosome
Authors: Yuan Di , Xu Ziwei , Zhang Bingling , Yin Xiong , Ye Jiqing , Zhou Xiaole , Wang Leyu
Published: June 2022

A high-performance ratiometric probe P1-Leu was developed based on a D–A–D fluorophore for the detection of LAP level in lysosome. P1-Leu has low detection limit and broad linear range due to the low background oriented from its structure.
Unveiling two antiaromatic s-indacenodicarbazole isomers with tunable paratropicity
Authors: Saha Hemonta Kumar , Mallick Dibyendu , Das Soumyajit
Published: June 2022

Two formally antiaromatic s-indacenodicarbazole isomers were synthesized and characterized, to show that the curved isomer possesses a stronger s-indacene paratropicity than that of the linear isomer.
Enhancing lithium/sodium-ion storage behaviors in a V2O5 nanosheet by freeze-drying
Authors: Wang Lihua , Shen Guanghua , Zhao Yanhua , Wang Yongli , Zhao Yongjie
Published: June 2022

A porous V2O5 nanosheet is synthesized via freeze-drying followed by a heat-treatment process.
A first-principles study of exciton self-trapping and electric polarization in one-dimensional organic lead halide perovskites
Authors: Jiang Xingxing , Xu Zhengwei , Zheng Yueshao , Zeng Jiang , Chen Ke-Qiu , Feng Yexin
Published: June 2022

Our work reveals the formation mechanism of self-trapped excitons in low-dimensional perovskite systems, and provides some unique opinions on the structure distortion–polarization–luminescence relationship.
The Zintl phase compounds AEIn2As2 (AE = Ca, Sr, Ba): topological phase transition under pressure
Authors: Guo Wen-Ti , Huang Zhigao , Zhang Jian-Min
Published: June 2022

A first-principles investigation of the topological quantum phase transition of AEIn2As2 (AE = Ca, Sr, Ba) under pressure.
Thin p-type NiO nanosheet modified peanut-shaped monoclinic BiVO4 for enhanced charge separation and photocatalytic activities
Authors: Peng Yaru , Cai Junhao , Shi Yuxin , Jiang Haoxiang , Li Guoqiang
Published: June 2022

Typical NiO nanosheet coated BVO type-II composite heterostructure can effectively promote the space separation of charge and improve the photocatalytic performance.
The controllable synthesis and enhanced gas sensing performances of AuNP-modified ZnSnO3 hollow nanocubes toward highly sensitive toluene detection
Authors: Li Jun , Sun Yongjiao , Tong Zhaomin , Zhao Zhenting , Zhang Wendong , Hu Jie , Chen Lin
Published: June 2022

The development of a resistance gas sensor based on AuNP-modified ZnSnO3 hollow nanocubes was carried out to realize the high-performance detection of toluene gas.
Polycrystalline Er-doped Y3Ga5O12 nanofilms fabricated by atomic layer deposition on silicon at a low temperature and the exploration on electroluminescence performance
Authors: Yu Zhimin , Yuan Kang , Yang Yang , Sun Jiaming
Published: June 2022

Electroluminescent polycrystalline erbium-doped Y3Ga5O12 garnet nanofilms are deposited by atomic layer deposition on silicon after annealing down to 800 °C.
Ultrathin and flexible hybrid films decorated by copper nanoparticles with a sandwich-like structure for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , You Xiao , Liao Chunjing , Ren Xiaoyin , Xiu Faxian , Yang Jinshan , Dong Shaoming
Published: June 2022

The entering EM waves would be adsorbed by ultrathin Cu deposited layers and the CNT film with a filler of Cu nanoparticles. Thus, there is almost no chance for EM waves to pass through the hybrid membrane due to the multiple internal reflections.
The direct growth of planar and vertical graphene on Si(100) via microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition: synthesis conditions effects
Authors: Meškinis Š. , Vasiliauskas A. , Guobienė A. , Talaikis M. , Niaura G. , Gudaitis R.
Published: June 2022

In the present research, graphene was synthesized directly on a Si(100) substrate via combining direct microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and protective enclosure.
CoFe Prussian blue analogues on 3D porous N-doped carbon nanosheets boost the intercalation kinetics for a high-performance quasi-solid-state hybrid capacitor
Authors: Choi Juhyung , Lim Jiho , Kim Daekyu , Park Sumin , Yan Bingyi , Ko Dongjin , Cho Youngseul , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: June 2022

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), especially those with crystal water networks, have attracted extensive attention for aqueous electrolyte-based energy storage devices.
Unravelling the excited state dynamics of monofunctionalized mono- and distyryl-BODIPY and perylenediimide dyads
Authors: Rani Kavita , Chawla Sakshi , Kumari Vinita , De Arijit K. , Sengupta Sanchita
Published: June 2022

Light harvesting dyads consisting of β-monofunctionalized mono- and distyryl-BODIPYs and perylenediimides show ultrafast charge separation and slower charge recombination probed by steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopy.
Role of structural dimensionality in the magneto-chiral dichroism of chiral molecular ferrimagnets
Authors: Atzori Matteo , Breslavetz Ivan , Paillot Kevin , Rikken Geert L. J. A. , Train Cyrille
Published: June 2022

The optical and magneto-chiral optical properties of a 3D chiral molecular ferrimagnet based on CrIII and MnII building blocks have been investigated to unveil the role of structural dimensionality on magneto-chiral dichroism.
Concerted actions of PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity
Authors: Rhodes Jack , Zipfel Cyril , Jones Jonathan D.G. , Ngou Bruno Pok Man
Published: June 2022

Plants utilise cell-surface immune receptors (functioning as pattern recognition receptors, PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogens. Perception of pathogens by these receptors activates immune signalling and resistance to infections. PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity have primarily been considered parallel processes contributing to disease resistance. Recent studies suggest that these two pathways are interdependent and converge at multiple nodes. This review summarises and provides a perspective on these convergent points.
Optimization of transactive energy systems with demand response: A cyber‐physical‐social system perspective
Authors: Han Jianpei , Liu Nian , Gu Chenghong
Published: June 2022

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, a new type of energy system, transactive energy systems (TES), has emerged. This study investigates the challenges of optimally operating a TES distribution system with demand response (DR) from the cyber‐physical‐social system (CPSS) perspective. A TES optimization framework that integrates artificial systems, computational experiments, and parallel energy theory for modelling DR, via parallel system theory, is introduced. A data‐driven artificial DR system is created and modelled using limited data. In the computational experiment, a complete information Stackelberg game model for the distribution network operator and the artificial DR system is built. This simulates the response relationship between the distribution network operator and the electricity consumer under different price conditions. In the parallel energy optimization model, a multi‐time scale energy optimization method which considers day‐ahead and intraday scenarios, the interaction between the actual TES and the artificial DR system is shown. Finally, empirical data from the Henan province in China is used as a case study to verify the effectiveness of the optimization method proposed in this study.
Robust controller for grid‐tied PV inverters based on continuous non‐linear predictive and integral sliding mode control
Authors: Diab Ahmed A. Zaki , Ayalew Biyadgie , Yahaya Abass Afolabi , Debbouza Mahdi , Al Durra Ahmed , Al Sumaiti Ameena
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a robust continuous nonlinear control method for grid‐tied photovoltaic (PV) inverters by combining model predictive control and integral sliding mode control (ISMC). The robustness of the proposed augmented controller is demonstrated mathematically by showing that the equivalent control signal of the ISMC system cancels disturbances to the system. Further, the proposed controller can compensate for system perturbations without knowing their characteristics, thereby simplifying controller design for the PV systems. The robustness of the proposed controller against parameter uncertainties and external disturbances was demonstrated via experimental and simulation verification.
Mass–metallicity and star formation rate in galaxies: A complex relation tuned to stellar age
Authors: Duarte Puertas S. , Vilchez J. M. , Iglesias-Páramo J. , Mollá M. , Pérez-Montero E. , Kehrig C. , Pilyugin L. S. , Zinchenko I. A.
Published: June 2022

Context. In this work we study the stellar mass–metallicity relation (MZR) of an extended sample of star-forming galaxies in the local Universe and its possible dependence on the star formation rate (SFR).

Aims. We selected a sample of approximately 195 000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) star-forming galaxies up to z = 0.22 with the aim of analysing the behaviour of the MZR with respect to SFR whilst taking into account the age of their stellar populations.

Methods. For the first time, with this sample, we obtained aperture corrected oxygen and nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances (O/H and N/O, respectively) and SFR using the empirical prescriptions from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. To perform this study we also make use of the stellar mass of the galaxies and the parameter Dn(4000) as a proxy for the age of the stellar population.

Results. We derive a robust MZR locus, which is found to be fully consistent with the ‘anchoring’ points of a selected set of well-studied nearby galaxies for which the chemical abundance has been derived using the direct method. We observe a complex relation between MZR and SFR across the whole range of galaxy mass and metallicity, where the slope changes seen in the O/H–SFR plane present a pattern that seems to be tuned to the stellar age of the galaxies, and therefore stellar age has to be taken into account in the stellar mass–metallicity–SFR relation.

Conclusions. In order to provide an answer to the question of whether or not the MZR depends on the SFR, it is essential to take into account the age of the stellar populations of galaxies. A strong dependence of the MZR on SFR is observed mainly for star-forming galaxies with strong SFR values and low Dn(4000). The youngest galaxies of our SDSS sample show the highest SFR measured for their stellar mass.
Nonradial and nonpolytropic astrophysical outflows
Authors: Sauty C. , de Albuquerque R. M. G. , Cayatte V. , Lima J. J. G. , Gameiro J. F.
Published: June 2022

Context. Recent observational evidence has shown that RY Tau may present two different outflow stages, a quiescent and a more active stage. We try to model this phenomenon.

Aims. We have performed new 2.5D magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the possible accretion-outflow environment of RY Tau based on analytical solutions with the aim to reduce the relaxation time.

Methods. We used the analytical self-similar solution that we used to model the RY Tau microjet as initial conditions. In the closed field line region of the magnetosphere, we reversed the direction of the flow and increased the accretion rate by increasing the density and velocity. We also implemented the heating rate and adjusted it according to the velocity of the flow. The accretion disk was treated as a boundary condition.

Results. The simulations show that the stellar jet and the accreting magnetosphere attain a steady state in only a few stellar rotations. This confirms the robustness and stability of self-similar solutions. Additionally, two types of behavior were observed that are similar to the behavior observed in RY Tau. Either the steady stellar outflow and magnetospheric inflow are separated by a low static force-free region or the interaction between the stellar jet and the magnetospheric accretion creates episodic coronal mass ejections that originate from the disk and bounce back onto the star.

Conclusions. The ratio of mass-loss rate to mass-accretion rate that coincides with the change in behavior observed in RY Tau lies within the range of ratios that have been measured during the period in which the initial microjet was analyzed.
Evolution of the critical torus instability height and coronal mass ejection likelihood in solar active regions
Authors: James Alexander W. , Williams David R. , O’Kane Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Aims. Working towards improved space weather predictions, we aim to quantify how the critical height at which the torus instability drives coronal mass ejections (CMEs) varies over time in a sample of solar active regions.

Methods. We model the coronal magnetic fields of 42 active regions and quantify the critical height at their central polarity inversion lines throughout their observed lifetimes. We then compare these heights to the changing magnetic flux at the photospheric boundary and identify CMEs in these regions.

Results. In our sample, the rates of CMEs per unit time are twice as high during phases when magnetic flux is increasing than when it is decreasing, and during those phases of increasing flux, the rate of CMEs is 63% higher when the critical height is rising than when it is falling. Furthermore, we support and extend the results of previous studies by demonstrating that the critical height in active regions is generally proportional to the separation of their magnetic polarities through time. When the separation of magnetic polarities in an active region increases, for example during the continuous emergence and expansion of a magnetic bipole, the critical height also tends to increase. Conversely, when the polarity separation decreases, for example due to the emergence of a new, compact bipole at the central inversion line of an existing active region or into a quiet-Sun environment, the critical height tends to decrease.
A highly dynamic small-scale jet in a polar coronal hole
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Peter Hardi , Solanki Sami K. , Cuadrado Regina Aznar , Teriaca Luca , Schühle Udo , Berghmans David , Auchère Frédéric
Published: June 2022

We present an observational study of the plasma dynamics at the base of a solar coronal jet, using high resolution extreme ultraviolet imaging data taken by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board Solar Orbiter, and by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board Solar Dynamics Observatory. We observed multiple plasma ejection events over a period of ∼1 h from a dome-like base that is ca. 4 Mm wide and is embedded in a polar coronal hole. Within the dome below the jet spire, multiple plasma blobs with sizes around 1−2 Mm propagate upwards to the dome apex with speeds of the order of the sound speed (ca. 120 km s−1). Upon reaching the apex, some of these blobs initiate flows with similar speeds towards the other footpoint of the dome. At the same time, high speed super-sonic outflows (∼230 km s−1) are detected along the jet spire. These outflows as well as the intensity near the dome apex appear to be repetitive. Furthermore, during its evolution, the jet undergoes many complex morphological changes, including transitions between the standard and blowout type eruption. These new observational results highlight the underlying complexity of the reconnection process that powers these jets and they also provide insights into the plasma response when subjected to rapid energy injection.
Roboterassistierte minimalinvasive Ösophagektomie – Varianten der intrathorakalen Ösophagogastrostomie mittels Zirkularstapler
Authors: von Bechtolsheim Felix , Benedix Frank , Hummel Richard , Mihaljevic Andre , Weitz Jürgen , Distler Marius
Published: June 2022

Einleitung Eine Anastomoseninsuffizienz nach Ösophagusresektion trägt wesentlich zu Morbidität und Mortalität der betroffenen Patienten bei. Eine sichere Operationstechnik kann das
Auftreten solcher Anastomoseninsuffizienzen reduzieren.

Indikation Bei der Behandlung von Ösophaguskarzinomen empfiehlt die deutsche Leitlinie minimalinvasive oder Hybrid-Operationsverfahren. Hierbei wird in den meisten Fällen eine
Ivor-Lewis-Ösophagektomie und eine Kontinuitätsrekonstruktion mittels Magenschlauch durchgeführt. Die präferierte Vorgehensweise scheint dabei die Zirkularstapleranastomose zu sein.

Methode Die Vorbereitung der Anastomose beginnt bereits intraabdominell mit Mobilisation des Magens und Schonung der gastroepiploischen Gefäße. Nach der anschließenden
intrathorakalen Mobilisation des Ösophagus kann die eigentliche Anastomosenanlage erfolgen. Hierbei wird der Ösophagus entweder mit einem Stapler durchtrennt oder offen mit der Schere
abgesetzt. Anschließend erfolgt eine Tabaksbeutelnaht am offenen Ösophagusstumpf. Alternativ kann eine partielle Ösophaguseröffnung mit vorheriger Tabaksbeutelnaht später das Einbringen der
Staplerandruckplatte vereinfachen. Diese kann über eine zur Minithorakotomie erweiterte Trokarstelle im Ösophagusstumpf oder mithilfe eines speziellen Systems auch transoral platziert
werden. Die Fixation der Staplerandruckplatte erfolgt durch die Tabaksbeutelnaht. Nun kann der Magenschlauch nach intrathorakal hochgezogen werde. Ösophagus und kleine Magenkurvatur werden
über die Minithorakotomie nach extrathorakal verlagert und ein Zirkularstapler über eine Eröffnung der kleinen Kurvatur in den Magenschlauch eingeführt. Die Anastomosenanlage erfolgt dann
fern der gastroepiploischen Arkade. Abschließend muss der Magenschlauch noch mittels Stapler abgesetzt werden. Erst jetzt können Ösophagus und kleine Magenkurvatur komplett geborgen werden.
Optional können Übernähungen an Anastomose und Magenschlauchabsetzungsrand erfolgen.

Schlussfolgerung Die roboterassistierte Anastomosenanlage mittels Zirkularstapler im Rahmen der Ösophagusresektion ist gut möglich und standardisierbar. Dennoch sind innerhalb dieses
Verfahrens noch Variationen möglich. Einen wissenschaftlich evidenten Vorteil gibt es hierbei jedoch für keine Methode im direkten Vergleich.
Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-Agelasidine A Using Thio-Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Ochi Rika , Masuda Toshiya
Published: June 2022

Enantioselective synthesis of the marine natural product (+)-agelasidine A has been achieved by taking advantage of [1,3]-chirality transfer from enantiomerically enriched α-silyl farnesol through a key thio-Claisen rearrangement. The optical rotation of the hydrochloride salt of the synthetic substance confirmed that natural (+)-agelasidine A has the S-configuration at its C-10 stereogenic center.
A Paradigm Shift: Outcomes of Early Autologous Breast Reconstruction after Radiation Therapy
Authors: Elver Ashlie A. , Egan Katie G. , Cullom Melissa E. , Nazir Niaman , Johnson Braden M. , Limpiado MarcArthur , Holding Julie , Lai Eric C. , Butterworth James A.
Published: June 2022

Background Radiation creates significant challenges for breast reconstruction. There is no consensus regarding optimal timing for autologous reconstruction following radiation. This study explores clearly defined, shorter time intervals between completion of radiation and reconstruction than previously reported.

Methods A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent autologous reconstruction by five microsurgeons at an academic institution from 2009 to 2020. Cohorts were selected by time elapsed between radiation and autologous reconstruction including <3 months, 3 to 6 months, 6 to 9 months, 9 to 12 months, 12 to 24 months, and >24 months. Analysis compared baseline characteristics, operative details, complications, revision rates, and BREAST-Q scores. Analysis of variance was used for continuous variables and chi-square for discrete variables.

Results In total, 462 radiated patients underwent 717 flaps. There were 69 patients at <3 months (14.9%), 97 at 3 to 6 months (21%), 64 at 6 to 9 months (13.9%), 36 at 9 to 12 months (7.8%), 73 at 12 to 24 months (15.8%), and 123 at >24 months (26.6%). Age, time from mastectomy, and failure of primary reconstruction were higher at >24 months (p < 0.001). There was no difference between cohorts in intraoperative complications in radiated or nonradiated breasts. There was no difference in acute and late postoperative complications between cohorts. Wound-healing complications in radiated sides were lowest at <3 months and 3 to 6 months (5/69 [7.3%] and 11/97 [11.3%], respectively) compared with other groups (18.8–22.2%) but did not reach significance (p = 0.11). More fat graft revisions occurred at <3 months (p = 0.003).

Conclusion Reconstruction can be safely performed within 3 months after radiation without increases in intraoperative, acute, or late reconstructive complications.
The changing relevance and meaning of left and right in 34 party systems from 1945 to 2020
Authors: Jahn Detlef
Published: June 2022

The extent to which the left–right dimension still structures party systems in highly developed, industrialized democracies is a contested field in comparative politics. Most studies in this area take the position that a stable and universal left–right dimension is either still the most important game in town or has become obsolete and replaced by other policy dimensions. Although country-specific studies focusing on voters’ left–right self-placement discover different meanings of left and right that vary between countries and change over time, few macro-comparative studies focusing on parties or governments take this aspect into account. Using a left–right concept for party politics from the PIP project on Parties, Institutions and Preferences that distinguishes an ideological core derived from political theory, as well as country- and time-specific issues uncovered through empirical analysis, the article demonstrates fundamental differences in the relevance and meaning of left and right by analyzing 34 party systems from 1945 to 2020. The article shows that the thesis of the decline of the left and right is premature. An important aspect for the continued high relevance of the left–right dimension is the fact that left and right changes their meaning by including controversial issues such as European integration, migration and environmental degradation.
Curvature and temperature-dependent thermal interface conductance between nanoscale gold and water
Authors: Wilson Blake A. , Nielsen Steven O. , Randrianalisoa Jaona H. , Qin Zhenpeng
Published: June 2022

Plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can convert laser irradiation into thermal energy for a variety of applications. Although heat transfer through the AuNP–water interface is considered an essential part of the plasmonic heating process, there is a lack of mechanistic understanding of how interface curvature and the heating itself impact interfacial heat transfer. Here, we report atomistic molecular dynamics simulations that investigate heat transfer through nanoscale gold–water interfaces. We simulated four nanoscale gold structures under various applied heat flux values to evaluate how gold–water interface curvature and temperature affect the interfacial heat transfer. We also considered a case in which we artificially reduced wetting at the gold surfaces by tuning the gold–water interactions to determine if such a perturbation alters the curvature and temperature dependence of the gold–water interfacial heat transfer. We first confirmed that interfacial heat transfer is particularly important for small particles (diameter ≤10 nm). We found that the thermal interface conductance increases linearly with interface curvature regardless of the gold wettability, while it increases nonlinearly with the applied heat flux under normal wetting and remains constant under reduced wetting. Our analysis suggests the curvature dependence of the interface conductance coincides with changes in interfacial water adsorption, while the temperature dependence may arise from temperature-induced shifts in the distribution of water vibrational states. Our study advances the current understanding of interface thermal conductance for a broad range of applications.
Propagation of ionizing shock wave in a dusty gas medium under the influence of gravitational and azimuthal magnetic fields
Authors: Nath G.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a closed-form solution for an ionizing spherical shock/blast wave in a dusty gas (a mixture of an ideal gas and solid particles of micrometer size) under the influence of gravitational and azimuthal magnetic fields is derived. In the dusty gas mixture, the solid particles are continuously distributed, and the equilibrium flow condition holds in the entire flow field region. Analytical solutions in the closed form for the first-order approximation are derived for adiabatic and isothermal flows. Furthermore, for the second approximation, the set of ordinary differential equations is derived. The influence of problem parameters, such as the ratio of the density of the solid particles to the initial density of the ideal gas, the gravitational parameter, the solid particles mass concentration in the mixture, adiabatic index, and Alfvén-Mach number on the peak pressure on the blast wave, on physical variables and the damage radius of the blast wave is studied for the first-order approximation. Our closed-form solution for the first-order approximation in the case of adiabatic flow is analogous to Taylor's solution in the case of a strong explosion-generated blast wave. It is shown that the damage radius of the blast wave and the peak pressure on the blast wave both decrease with the addition of dust particles, and hence, the shock/blast wave strength decreases. It is observed that in the whole flow field region, the quantity J0 increases with an increase in the Alfvén-Mach number value, and hence, the shock decay with an increase in the Alfvén-Mach number.
Mechanical properties of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosive
Authors: Wang Guanyi , Zhang Siwei , Wang Zihao , Cui Qingzhong
Published: June 2022

The mechanical response and damage process of melt-cast explosives under complex stress states can be affected by having a high-volume ratio of the energetic filler material to the matrix. Understanding the characteristics of the nonlinear mechanical properties of 2,4-dinitroanisole/cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (DNAN/HMX) melt-cast explosives with a high solid-phase content can enable the analysis of the response mechanism of different strain rates. DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives were investigated using a universal material testing machine and a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The stress equilibrium and constant-strain-rate loading of the low-impedance, low-strength DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosive material in the SHPB test were achieved using an incident wave shaping technique, and stress–strain curves were obtained at different strain rates (40, 51, 110, and 256 s−1). Based on the stress–strain relationship curve of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives, the viscoelastic parameters of the Visco-statistical cracking mechanism (SCRAM) constitutive model of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives are obtained by the least squares method. The results of quasi-static and dynamic loading show that the failure stress of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives gradually increases with the increasing strain rate, exhibiting a significant strain rate effect, while the dynamic loading displays the viscoelastic effect. The fitted Visco-SCRAM model can better predict the mechanical response of explosives under complex loading.
Unsteady seepage behavior of lubricant on loaded porous surface
Authors: Zhang Guotao , Shi Yingkang , Li Congmin , Xu Ming , Yin Yanguo
Published: June 2022

The seepage behavior of lubricant on a porous surface has a significant influence on its lubrication characteristics. This paper studied the unsteady seepage response of a lubricant on a loading porous surface. The exudation and supply behaviors of lubricant to the porous surface are discussed. The results show that the lubricant infiltration and exudation all exist on the porous surface. The normal seepage velocity of the lubricant can be divided into the primary velocity and secondary velocity at different positions of the whole surface. In most loading times, the primary velocity is greater than the secondary velocity. The change of the principal velocity shows that the infiltration and exudation of the lubricant arise in the contact area and its inlet, respectively. On both sides away from the entrance of the contact area, the secondary velocity goes through a diffusion, fluctuation, and stability process within the loading period. During the fluctuation of the velocity, the phenomena of infiltration and exudation alternate repeatedly. The secondary velocity occasionally exceeds the principal velocity. The normal pressure gradient is the internal cause that drives the diffusion and fluctuation of the secondary velocity. The velocity fluctuation can regulate lubricant quantity on the porous surface spontaneously, thereby forming a closed-loop adaptive lubrication system. The research can provide a theoretical basis for the lubricant supply behavior and the self-lubricating mechanism of the squeezed porous interface.
The wing−wing interaction mechanism of bristled wing pair in fling motion
Authors: Wu Yu Kai , Sun Mao , Liu Yan Peng
Published: June 2022

Smallest flying insects commonly have bristled wings and use novel aerodynamic mechanisms to provide flight forces, such as the fling mechanism. In the fling motion, the left and right wings are initially parallel to each other, and then the wings rotate around the trailing edge and “open” to form a V shape. Previous studies lacked the detailed flow around bristles, so the interaction mechanism of the two bristled wings in the fling motion was not well understood. In the present study, we obtained the detailed flow around each bristle numerically and revealed the interaction mechanism of two bristled wings. The results are as follows. During the fling, the vertical force of the bristled wings is similar to that of the corresponding flat-plate wings, but the drag of the bristled wings is much smaller. When the initial distance between wings is small, the opening drag of the bristled wings can be one order of magnitude smaller than that of the flat-plate wings. This is due to the different wing–wing interaction mechanisms of the two types of wings: for the flat-plate wings, during the fling motion, a “cavity” is created between the wings, producing a very large drag on the wings; for the bristled wings, there are gaps between the bristles and Stokes flows move through the gaps; thus, the cavity effect is much weaker. Very low “opening” drag may be one of the advantages of using bristled wings for the smallest insects.
Scale-resolving turbulent channel flow simulations using a dynamic cumulant lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Gehrke Martin , Rung Thomas
Published: June 2022

This paper reports the assessment of a modified cumulant lattice Boltzmann method in turbulent channel flows. The suggested approach is of interest for its resolution-spanning capabilities, which are scrutinized for grid resolutions between 4 and 430 wall units. With the emphasis on a recently published parameterized cumulant collision operator, we suggest a resolution-sensitive regularization supplemented by a dynamic subgrid-scale model based upon third-order cumulant expressions, which seamlessly vanishes for direct numerical simulations. The strategy is optionally supplemented by a wall function approach to adjust the wall treatment. The analysis involves the mean flow field, resolved and modeled second moments, two-point correlations, and spectral data and correlation lengths obtained for four friction Reynolds numbers (180, 550, 2000, and 5200). Results display a resolution-independent capability to simulate the attached turbulent shear flow.
A local hybrid exchange functional approximation from first principles
Authors: Holzer Christof , Franzke Yannick J.
Published: June 2022

Local hybrid functionals are a more flexible class of density functional approximations, allowing for a position-dependent admixture of exact exchange. This additional flexibility, however, comes with a more involved mathematical form and a more complicated design. A common denominator for previously constructed local hybrid functionals is the usage of thermochemical benchmark data to construct these functionals. Herein, we design a local hybrid functional without relying on benchmark data. Instead, we construct it in a more ab initio manner, following the principles of modern meta-generalized gradient approximations and considering theoretical constraints. To achieve this, we make use of the density matrix expansion and a local mixing function based on an approximate correlation length. The accuracy of the developed density functional approximation is assessed for thermochemistry, excitation energies, polarizabilities, magnetizabilities, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin–spin coupling constants, NMR shieldings, and shifts, as well as EPR g-tensors and hyperfine coupling constants. Here, the new exchange functional shows a robust performance and is especially well suited for atomization energies, barrier heights, excitation energies, NMR coupling constants, and EPR properties, whereas it loses some ground for the NMR shifts. Therefore, the designed functional is a major step forward for functionals that have been designed from first principles.
Spatial fractional permeability and fractional thermal conductivity models of fractal porous medium
Authors: Chen Yanli , Jiang Wenwen , Zhang Xueqing , Geng Yuanyuan , Bai Guiqiang
Published: June 2022

In order to describe the seepage and heat transfer problems of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media, a spatial fractional permeability model and a fractional thermal conductivity model for a fractal porous medium are developed based on the fractional non-Newtonian constitutive equation and the fractional generalized Fourier law. It is an innovative attempt to link fractional operators to the microstructure of pore porous media. The predictive capability of the proposed permeability and thermal conductivity model is verified by comparing with experimental data and the conventional capillary model, and the effects of fractal dimension, fractional parameters, and microstructural parameters on permeability and thermal conductivity are discussed. The results are as follows: (a) These two new models have higher accuracy than the conventional capillary model and reveal the relationship between the nonlocal memory and microstructural properties of complex fluids. (b) The permeability and thermal conductivity increase with increase in the fractional parameter α and radius ratio β and decrease with the increase in the fractal dimension (Dτ and Df) and microstructural parameters (length ratio γ, branching angle θ, and branching level m) of the porous medium. (c) When the radius ratio is larger than a certain value, the growth rate of permeability (β > 0.46) and thermal conductivity (β > 0.3) increases significantly, while the branch angle has the smallest influence on permeability and thermal conductivity, which can be ignored.
Towards a national platform for Australia’s islands
Authors: Kark Salit , Rogers Andrew M. , Moro Dorian
Published: June 2022

Islands are important for maintaining a range of biodiversity, cultural and economic values. However, islands around the world face major and complex conservation challenges, often shared across multiple islands. The variety of tenures and uses also means there is a lack of coordination in policy and management. Addressing these challenges requires sharing lessons of success and failure. To facilitate knowledge-sharing, we need to develop common frameworks, platforms, guidelines and legislation to devise, advise and support actions and collaborations aimed to enhance island conservation. These need to consider both human needs and biodiversity, interactions, research, practice, and information sharing across islands. Pathways may include knowledge, data and experience sharing to ensure that cross-State and Territory coordination can disseminate the lessons learned from island projects to island stakeholders and vice versa. We discuss examples of existing organisational management structures that can potentially form the basis for a timely new platform focusing on Australia’s islands. We propose an island alliance be established as a multi-disciplinary platform to improve coordination among Australia’s islands, and to represent Australia’s environmental island challenges and solutions. Such an alliance would aim to bridge island communities, practitioners, managers, researchers and cultural advisors across diverse and complementary spheres along the continuum from biodiversity and ecosystems to people and social entrepreneurship. This alliance would have a mandate to develop national environmental collaborations, research and standards relating to island environments, facilitate business entrepreneurship with complementary outcomes to manage the threats that face Australian islands, and contribute to improving biodiversity conservation outcomes. The platform would draw together practitioners, natural and social scientists, policymakers, and importantly indigenous and non-Indigenous island communities to lead innovative collaborations and support Australian islands.
Vibration analysis of KAGRA cryostat at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Bajpai R , Tomaru T , Kimura N , Ushiba T , Yamamoto K , Suzuki T , Honda T
Published: June 2022

KAGRA uses cryogenics to cool its sapphire test masses down to 20 K to reduce the thermal noise. However, cryocooler vibration and structural resonances of the cryostat couple to the test mass and can contaminate the detector sensitivity. We performed vibration analysis of the cooling system at cryogenic temperature to study its impact on detector sensitivity. Our measurements show shield vibration below 1 Hz is not impacted by cryocooler operation or structural resonances and is dominated by ground motion. The noise floor of the shield in the range 1–100 Hz was observed to be 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than seismic motion even without cryocooler operation. The operation of cryocoolers does not change the noise floor, but 2 Hz peaks and their harmonics were observed over the entire spectrum (1–100 Hz). These results were used to calculate the coupling of cooling system vibration to the test mass. We conclude that vibration from the cooling system does not limit KAGRA design sensitivity.
Electron transport mechanism in colloidal SnO2 nanoparticle films and its implications for quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Yuechao , Zhu Xiaoxiang , Xue Xulan , Chi Xiaochun , Wang Rong , Ji Wenyu
Published: June 2022

Charge transport behavior in SnO2 nanoparticle (NP) films is rather crucial to the optoelectronic devices. Temperature-dependent electrical results show that the electron transport in SnO2 NP films is dominated by the Mott variable-range hopping processes, i.e. the electrons are transported between different NPs through surface states rather than the conduction band of the nanocrystals, which is identical to the commonly used ZnO NP solids. Compared with ZnO, SnO2 films exhibit similar electron mobility but lower density of states (DOS). Therefore, we deduce that the low DOS in the SnO2 NP films should be the key factor limiting the device performance in compared with the ZnO as reported in most of the quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Our work sheds light on optimizing SnO2 NP films for QLEDs. Moreover, we believe that the SnO2 remains a desirable candidate as the electron transport material for the QLEDs due to its excellent physicochemical stability.
Singular Euler–Maclaurin expansion on multidimensional lattices
Authors: Buchheit Andreas A , Keßler Torsten
Published: June 2022

We extend the classical Euler–Maclaurin (EM) expansion to sums over multidimensional lattices that involve functions with algebraic singularities. This offers a tool for a precise and fast evaluation of singular sums that appear in multidimensional long-range interacting systems. We find that the approximation error decays exponentially with the expansion order for band-limited functions and that the runtime is independent of the number of particles. First, the EM summation formula is generalised to lattices in higher dimensions, assuming a sufficiently regular summand function. We then develop this new expansion further and construct the singular Euler–Maclaurin expansion in higher dimensions, an extension of our previous work in one dimension, which remains applicable and useful even if the summand function includes a singular function factor. We connect our method to analytical number theory and show that all operator coefficients can be efficiently computed from derivatives of the Epstein zeta function. Finally we demonstrate the numerical performance of the expansion and efficiently compute singular lattice sums in infinite two-dimensional lattices, which are of relevance in condensed matter, statistical, and quantum physics. An implementation in mathematica is provided online along with this article.
The differential conductance tunnel spectroscopy in an analytical solvable two-terminal Majorana device
Authors: Yao Chuan-Zhe , Zhang Wei-Min
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we investigate the non-Markovian quantum transport dynamics of a two-terminal Majorana device that is made of an asymmetric topological superconducting chain coupled to two leads. This asymmetric superconducting chain is analytically solvable and can be realized by a hybrid system of semiconductor nanowire coupled to superconductors or by 1D transverse-field Ising chains. In such asymmetric superconducting chains, by the change of chemical potential, its ground state undergoes a topological quantum phase transition from the topological Majorana bound state to the trivial Andreev bound state while the ground state energy remains zero. We solve the exact transient transport current and the corresponding differential conductance. The results show that the presence or absence of the interference between the left and right Majorana zero modes plays an important role on the topological phase transition of conductance. It causes the edge-localized topologically trivial states to be insulated with zero conductance, while the nonlocally distributed topologically nontrivial states always have a quantized conductance 2e
2/h. This dramatic change associated with topological phase transition in the zero-mode differential conductance at zero bias is independent of the structure of leads and the coupling strength. We also examine the finite size effect of the superconducting chain and the coherence effect between zero mode and non-zero energy modes in the differential conductance of this two-terminal Majorana device.