bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeking for Identity in the Novel Less (2017) by Andrew Sean Greer
Authors: Ade Suarni Irza , Syafei An Fauzia Rozani
Published: September 2024

This thesis is an analysis of the Novel Less (2017) by Andrew Sean Greer. The purpose of this analysis is to find out to which setting and conflict (plot) reveal the efforts of the main character in the Novel Less in dealing with problems that come to him by trying to fight and rise from failure. This analysis is related to the concept of life instinct proposed by Sigmund Freud and self-determination by Ryan and Deci. The result of this analysis shows that the main character has self-motivation and goals in his life as shown through his action in seeking his identity.
Discourse on Ethnic Discrimination: A Critical Discoure Analysis of Political Statements Presented by The Members of Indonesia House of Representative in Social Media
Authors: Cicilia Siska , Irawan Andi Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This study examines the discriminatory discourse contained in the statements of members of the Indonesian Council which is addressed to ethnicity. This study aims to reveal the topics of discourse presented and the discourse strategies used by council members in their tweets and speeches when presenting ethnic minorities negatively. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The results of this study based on Youtube found 28 racist statements. Then, Twitter found 10 tweets. And Instagram found 15 statements. The theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA) used in this study is based on Van Dijk's 'ideological square', namely positive self-presentation and other negative presentations. From the discriminatory discourse analysis posed by the council members, it was found that 10 statements were categorized as problematization strategy, 1 statement categorized as blaming the victim (scapegoating), 4 statements categorized as metaphor, 14 statements categorized as prejudice strategy, 22 statements categorized as negative attribution, and 2 statements are categorized in disclaimers.
Connotative and Denotative Meaning in Fred Neil’s “Everybody’s Talkin” Song
Authors: Ramdani Paisal , Sakinah R Myrna Nur
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes the myths in the lyrics of "Everybody's Talkin'" by Fred Neil. The researcher uses a qualitative descriptive method because the research results and the content of this study are in the form of words that must be explained. In reviewing the data, this study uses Roland Barthes' theory where the discussion focuses on denotation, connotation, and myth contained in the lyrics of the song Everyday's Talking by Fred Neil. This study provides new results regarding denotation and myths that develop about abstract life through the use of denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings formed from the relationship between the two meanings that question human life. One of the myths found in this research is the word sun, which in this study has a myth about the giver of light, warmth or the giver of life and happiness. The human problem in this case is the emptiness of feelings without happiness. The emptiness that is experienced in this lyric is about someone who has a desire to travel to find happiness because happiness is not found in the midst of the hustle and bustle of social life. Until the meaning of sun extends to abstract form of happiness.
Word Formation Processes in Children's Literature: L. Frank Baum’s Novel Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) and Its Animation Movie Produced by Little Fox Youtube Channel (2021)
Authors: Indahyani Bunga , Marlina Leni
Published: September 2024

This research discussed about types of word formation processes in children’s literature in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz novel and its animation movie. This research used the word formation theory proposed by Yule (2010) to find out the types of word formation in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz novel and its animation movie. This research was the descriptive qualitative method. The data were all sentences containing word formation in the selected chapters studied in the novel and animation movie of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The findings showed that there were 64 data contained word formation in novel and animation movie. In the novel found 35 data which are word formation, they are blending (1 data), borrowing (9 data), compounding (12 data), clipping (1 data), and derivation (12 data). Children's literature in the novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz uses half types of word formation, there are five types of word formation out of ten types of word formation. Meanwhile, in the animation movie found 29 data which are word formation, they are back-formation (1 data), blending (1 data), borrowing (1 data), compounding (10 data), derivation (15 data), and multiple process (1 data). Children's literature works in animation movie used more than half the types of word formation, there are six of the ten types of word formation. The researcher concluded that compounding and derivation is the word formation process mostly used in novel, whereas in animation movie the most word formation process used is derivation.
An Analysis of Contextual Meaning in Olivia Rodrigo's Songs
Authors: Wijaya Rivo Presti Roma , Rosita Nur
Published: September 2024

Contextual meaning is meaning that refers to context, or a sentence that can support the clarity of a meaning. This research was conducted to find the types of contextual meaning and changes in meaning in Olivia Rodridgo's songs entitled "drivers license", "deja vu", "good 4 u", "happier" and "traitor". This research used contextual meaning theory by from Pateda (2010) and semantic change theory by Chaer (2013). The method of this research was descriptive qualitative. The results showed that there were five out of 10 types of contextual meaning in the five songs, which context of person, context of situation, context of whether or not a formal conversation, context of speaker’s mood or listener’s mood and context of object with a total of 27 result, which contain nine words and 18 phrases. Also, three out of five types of meaning changes were found in words and phrases containing contextual meaning, which are widening, totally changed, and dysphemism with a total data of 17 out of 27 data, which contain of nine words and eight phrases. This research found that words or phrases that cannot be interpreted just by looking at the definitions in the dictionary, but also must be understood the context of their use.
An Analysis of Taboo Words in Megan Thee Stallion’s Song Lyrics on Album “Fever”
Authors: Sinaga Amelia Putrilanel , Siregar Florence , Pasaribu Sastha Theresia , Rangkuti Rahmadsyah
Published: September 2024

This article aimed to talk about taboo words in the song lyrics on Megan Thee Stallion's "fever" album. The researcher discussed the types, functions, and meanings of the taboo words used in the song lyrics by Megan Thee Stallion. The album song "fever" by Megan Thee Stallion served as the research sample, and its lyrics were found using Google. To describe the types of taboo words and the functions of taboo words, the researcher used theories from Wardhaugh and Batistella, respectively. The researcher then used dictionaries, the internet, and articles to find the definitions of taboo words in Megan Thee Stallion's song lyrics in order to support the information. Based on data analysis, it was found 442 total taboo words. The lyrics on Megan Thee Stallion's album "fever" contain the highest percentages of obscenity (36.4%), epithets (34.3%), and vulgarity (28%). Three functions were also found to have the highest percentages for the function of using taboo language. There are showing contempt (45.57%), being provocative (31.41%), and drawing attention (23%) are some examples. The use of words that mocked authority then became at the very least used.
Speech Act Analysis on Statements Delivered by The Minister of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Ahsan Aidin , Fitrawati Fitrawati
Published: September 2024

This research investigates a speech act and felicity condition from the minister of foreign affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. In this research, the researcher analyzed speech act categories and felicity conditions in a statement. This research used descriptive qualitative research to analyze. The instrument of this research was the researcher himself. Transcripts and note-taking were also used to collect the data. The researcher analyzed three parts: the list and collection of all the statements, categories, types of speech acts, and felicity conditions. Lastly, conducted all types of speech acts and felicity condition types were found in the statement. As a result, the researcher found 70 assertive, 44 directive, 47 commissive, 12 expressive, and five declarative for illocutionary acts. Then, perlocutionary acts are 86 persuading, 80 convincing, and 12 scaring. And for the felicity condition shows 41 propositional content conditions, 61 preparatory conditions, 47 sincerity conditions, and 29 essential conditions. In conclusion, the minister's statement contains assertive and persuasive speech acts, so the condition of felicity is a condition of preparation. In addition, ministerial statements have followed the rules of Indonesia's free and active foreign policy.
Overcoming Marital Dependency in Domenico Starnone’s “Ties” 2017
Authors: Sakti Andhika Dwi , Wahyuni Delvi
Published: September 2024

This study is an analysis of a novel entitled Ties (2017) by Domenico Starnone. This analysis explores the issue of wife's dependency on the husband. The aim of this study is to explain the circumstances that have led the character to become dependent on her husband by applying feminist literary theory. The results of this study show that there are three circumstances, namely traditional gender roles, economic dependency and emotional dependency.
Guilt Trips in Gone Girl Novel by Gillian Flynn (2012)
Authors: El Ardhi Rafiqa Hanif , Anwar Desvalini
Published: September 2024

This research analyzes the novel Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn (2012). The main problem analyzed is the guilt trips that happen in the married life of the main characters in the novel Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn. This research uses the psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud to expose the meaning of the novel.  This research uses a descriptive qualitative method and the data will be taken from words, phrases, and statements from the novel as the centered data. The aims of the analysis are to reveal how guilt trips are committed by the female character in the Gone Girl novel by Gillian Flynn, to uncover the type of guilt trips committed by the female main character, and to expose how the male main character overcomes guilt trips. The findings reveal the reasons why guilt trips happen, the forms, and the responses to the guilt trips. Furthermore, the causes of guilt trips are emotional dependency, the power to manipulate, and low self-esteem and insecurity. Then, it exposes three types of guilt trips there are societal, victimhood, and ethical guilt trips. Lastly, the victim who gets guilt-tripping in the novel responds to the guilt trips by recognizing the manipulation, expressing the emotion, as well as offering sympathy.
Types and Function of Euphemism in Minangkabaunese Used by Adults in Ulakan Tapakis
Authors: Sofyan Camelia , Jufrizal Jufrizal
Published: September 2024

This study focused on the euphemisms in Minangkabaunese used by adults in Ulakan Tapakis which analysts the types and functions. This research used the descriptive qualitative method, which describes the data that the researcher collected in the form of sentences with the exact meaning possible. The data were euphemism utterances in the form of word, phrase, and sentence uttered by Minangkabaunese adults in Ulakan Tapakis. The researcher found that from all seven types of euphemism, the Adults of Ulakan Tapakis society often euphemism with word or phrase dealing with harsh word or sensitive words, which directed at characters and circumstance euphemism, obituary/incident euphemism, bodily part, diseases of euphemism, activity, occupation, and also things and animals. The researcher also found from five functions of euphemism, the society often used euphemism with the word or phrase for polite function, hide something, also for refuse danger.
Figurative Language on Digital Children’s Literature in Website Poems of Poets.Org with Nature and Environment Theme
Authors: Putri Nurul Aulia , Marlina Leni
Published: September 2024

Figurative language is defined as a means of expressing something other than the usual language in a way that is both meaningful and deeper. This implies understanding the relationship between meaning and sentence, as well as which sentences contain meaning and which do not. This research provides information about figurative language that are found in Poets.org. This research focused only for hyperbole type because researchers want to see how important hyperbole is in children's poetry. The aim of this research is to find how many poems in Nature and Environment themes in the website Poets.org. Additionally to find how many hyperboles that are found and classify the type of meaning that appeared. The data in this research were taken from the hyperbole sentences on 11 poems in Nature theme and 6 poems in environment theme. This research used  the descriptive qualitative research method. To conduct this research, the theory of figurative language from Abram (1999 : 120-311) was used. The result shows that there are 14(56%) line of hyperbole found in Nature theme and 11(44%)  line of hyperbole found in Environment theme. After obtaining the results of hyperbole, the researcher also found that there are 4 types of meaning found from each hyperbole line, there are affective meaning with 2 occurrence (8%), conceptual meaning with 16 occurrence (68%), connotation meaning with 5 occurrence (20%), and social meaning with 1 occurence (4%). Hyperbole often found in children's poetry on the poets.org with Nature theme and the conceptual meaning is the most common found. Hyperbole is often found in children's poetry on the poets.org website. This research shows that digital children's literature on poetry has a significant impact in knowing the type of figurative language especially hyperbole and the meaning on the poetry website Poets.org with nature and enviroment theme .
Postcolonial Trauma Caused by Dehumanization in Esi Edugyan's Washington Black (2018)
Authors: Frianda Septian , Wahyuni Delvi
Published: September 2024

This analysis explores the issue of Postcolonial trauma caused by dehumanization in the novel "Washington Black" by Esy Edugyan. This analysis is text-based interpretation by applying Franz Fanon's theory of dehumanization can cause Postcolonial trauma. This analysis is to find out how dehumanization can cause Postcolonial trauma to colonized people. The result of this research found several act of dehumanization that makes colonized people feel Postcolonial trauma such as animalistic dehumanization and mechanical dehumanization.
Word Formation Analysis Of Slang Words Used By Podcast Kesel Aje
Authors: Azhari Muhammad , Ardi Havid
Published: September 2024

This research aimed at finding the type of slang words and the type of word-formation of slang words used by Podcast Kesel Aje.  The type of this research was descriptive research. This study employed George Yule's theory of word formation processes (2010). In the finding, the researcher found 58 slang words used by Podcast Kesel Aje. The researcher found eight types of slang word-formation processes used by Podcast Kesel Aje. They were coinage, borrowing, compounding, clipping, blending, acronym, derivation, and multiple processes. The researcher found 14 slang words with compounding type (24.13%), 11 slang words with acronym type (18.96%), 10 slang words with borrowing type (17.24%), 7 slang words with multiple processes type (12.06) 5 slang words with blending type (10.34%), 5 slang words with clipping type (8.62%), 3 slang words with coinage type (5.17%), and 3 slang words with derivation type (5.17%). The most dominant types of slang word-formation used by Podcast Kesel Aje is compounding.
Pengembangan Materi Prakarya di SD melalui Pemanfatan Bahan Praktikum dari Kain Perca
Authors: Wikarya Yusron , Yahya Yahya , Wikarya Rahmi Oktayory , Eswendi Eswendi , Irwan Irwan , Fitriyona Nessya , Krisnanda Shindu
Published: September 2024

Permasalahan prioritas ditentukan berdasarkan aspek: (1) Pengelolaan bahan, dan (2) Pemanfaatan kain perca sebagai bahan praktik pembelajaran Prakarya. Pemecahan masalah dilakukan dengan metode pembuatan model, pembuatan media pembelajaran, penyajian materi, dan pelatihan. Sasaran luaran wajib yang dihasilkan adalah: (a) Publikasi ilmiah yang diterbitkan pada jurnal nasional terakreditasi. (b) Video kegiatan, dan (c) Publikasi di media cetak/online. Sasaran luaran tambahannya adalah: (1) Peningkatan penerapan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di masyarakat berupa pemanfaatan kain perca sebagai bahan pembelajaran Prakarya di sekolah dasar, (2) Peningkatan nilai-nilai masyarakat berupa peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta dalam bidang kerajinan tangan. menguasai bahan kerajinan dari kain perca, dan (3) metode atau sistem hasil; produk (barang atau jasa) berupa produk kerja praktek yang terbuat dari bahan kain perca.
Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Pembelajaran PAI SD di KKG PAI Kecamatan Lubuk Kilangan Kota Padang
Authors: Satria Rengga , Rivauzi Ahmad , Wirdati Wirdati , Nurjanah Nurjanah
Published: September 2024

Pada abad 21 ini, proses pembelajaran diharapkan mengembangkan empat kemampuan yaitu 4C (Critical thinking,Communication, Collaboration, Creativity). Pembelajaran abad 21 ini sudah diadaptasi dalam sistem pendidikan di Indonesia melalui Kurikulum 2013 dan disempurnakan dalam kurikulum merdeka. Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka (IKM) menekankan pada pembelajaran yang nyaman, mandiri, aktif, memiliki karakter, bermakna, merdeka dan lain-lain. Guru memiliki kebebasan dalam menentukan perangkat ajar yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan minat belajar peserta didik. Fenomena yang muncul kurikulum merdeka belum dapat terimplementasikan oleh guru-guru PAI SD. Guru-guru PAI di KKG Lubung Kilangan masih mengalami kesusahan dalam memahami Materi Esensial dan Pembelajaran bermakna serta pelaksanaan proyek profil Pancasila. Pada mitra pengabdian ini ditemui permasalahan utama yang relevan dengan penjelasan diatas. Dua permasalahan utama mitra pengabdian ini adalah sebagai berikut: pertama, bagaimana Implementasi kurikulum merdeka dalam bentuk model pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dan materi esensial. Kedua, bagaimana Implementasi proyek profil Pancasila dalam pembelajaran PAI. Dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra tersebut, pengabdi menawarkan solusi dengan mengadakan Bimbingan Teknis Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Pembelajaran PAI SD di KKG PAI Kecamatan Lubuk Kilangan Kota Padang. Pembinaan diadakan dengan beberapa tahapan; Pertama, tahapan ekspektasi. Kedua, tahapan Internalisasi. Ketiga, tahapan Aktualisasi. Keempat, tahapan evaluasi dan keberlanjutan. Bimbingan teknis menggunakan metode Presentasi, Brainstroming, Diskusi, Workshop, Praktek dan Projek e-modul secara mandiri.
Domestic violence: alcoholism as a cause and a contributing factor
Authors: Shchyrba M. Yu.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the influence of alcoholism as one of the main factors contributing to domestic violence. It was established that alcoholism is a problem that significantly increases the psychological causes of violence, is a significant factor that affects the spread of domestic violence, as it significantly changes a person’s behavior and psycho-emotional state. Under the influence of alcohol, people can lose self-control, become more aggressive and prone to violent actions, which is especially dangerous in the home environment, where interaction takes place against the background of close relationships and emotional dependence.
It is motivated that people under the influence of alcohol can exaggerate the importance of minor misunderstandings or react to them with disproportionate aggression, which leads to the escalation of conflicts that could be resolved without violence under normal circumstances.
It is indicated that an important aspect is that alcoholism affects the psychological state of all family members. Victims of violence, especially domestic violence, often feel isolated and vulnerable, which can lead to social tension and conflict in communities. Victims of domestic violence may experience constant fear and stress due to the unpredictability of their partner’s behavior, which creates a state of chronic tension that can lead to mental disorders.
It is highlighted how the use of alcohol changes a person’s behavior, reducing his ability to self-control and increasing the risk of aggressive actions. Particular attention is paid to how alcoholism creates economic instability and psychological stress for victims, making it difficult to get out of violent relationships.
The social aspect of the problem was also investigated, in particular the influence of the cultural legitimization of alcohol on the perception of violence. In some societies, alcohol is part of a cultural practice that can contribute to the normalization of aggressive behavior and reduce the perceived seriousness of violence. To effectively combat domestic violence, it is necessary to change social norms and raise awareness of the negative consequences of alcoholism, while providing adequate support to victims.
Prospects and challenges for parliamentarism in the conditions of the development of digital constitutionalism
Authors: Zaiets Ye.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the article is to carry out a multi-faceted analysis of the dynamics of the development of parliamentarism and digital constitutionalism, to identify possible challenges and threats, as well as prospects for parliaments and parliamentary activity in the conditions of the spread of modern digital   (electronic) technologies. Approaches to understanding and defining the phenomena of «parliamentarism», «constitutionalism»,   «digital constitutionalism»,   some   of   their   modifications and features are highlighted, their multifaceted nature, transformation in the conditions of modern progressive digital development, electronic democracy is emphasized. Crisis and conflict events have largely become challenges for parliaments and parliamentary activity, as well as digitalization and digitization processes and tools. It is important that parliamentary institutions of various levels (national, supranational, inter-parliamentary associations, their auxiliary bodies and services) contribute to the development and regulation of these processes, using advanced and effective digital technologies tested in practice. The «Digital Compass» for the EU Digital Decade (2030), the concept of digital sovereignty, the adopted charters of digital rights (Catalan, Nice), the Law on Digital Markets, the Law on Digital Services, the Law on Artificial Intelligence, the Declaration on European Digital Rights and Principles should be singled out. (2022), «World e-Parliament Report» of the IPU, the concept of e-democracy of the European Parliament, the resolution on e-democracy of the PACE, recommendations on open government and electronic participation of citizens OECD. Thanks to this, new forms and tools for the implementation of existing human rights are introduced, as well as new digital rights are constituted (to access the Internet, to identity in the digital environment, to protection in the digital environment, non-discrimination, etc.). In the same way, the forms and methods of activity of parliaments are being modernized (expansion of platforms for online broadcasts of plenary and committee meetings, electronic (remote) voting, improvement of interactive websites with access to draft laws and other documents, and systems of electronic petitions and consultations with voters, electronic participation of citizens and public organizations in the legislative process). However, the development of digital parliamentarism and digital democracy is accompanied by numerous challenges (digital inequality, low digital literacy of members of parliaments and parliamentary services, cyber threats, material and financial costs etc.). This requires a thorough study of the issues raised, improvement of digital culture, improvement of parliamentary and non-parliamentary procedures, along with further development of technological infrastructure, cyber security protection of the components of digital parliamentarism.
Right to information: legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine
Authors: Kudriavtseva O. M.
Published: September 2024

The article reveals the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine regarding everyone’s right to information. Attention is focused on information that is collected by state authorities, local self-government bodies, institutions and organizations, and which is not a state or other secret protected by the Law of Ukraine «On Information» and which every person has the right to familiarize himself with. Separate attention is focused on confidential information (information with limited access). One of the types of confidential information is medical information, which, on the one hand, in special cases provided for by the Fundamentals of the Health Care Legislation of Ukraine, can be disclosed to family members or a legal representative of the patient, and on the other hand, in accordance with the decision of the European Court of Human Rights person in the case of «M.K. against Ukraine» confirmation by a doctor of a patient’s illness to a member of his family, even if he learned about it from the patient himself, is an interference by the state in a person’s right to private life, and in the case of infectious diseases, it is qualified as not carried out «in accordance with the law». Attention is focused on the fact that such situations arise more and more when military personnel undergo medical examinations and that there are prohibitive norms of a special law that forbid the disclosure of medical information regarding a certain list of diseases of a military personnel to his employer (military unit), commander, family members of the military personnel.
Regarding the confidentiality of information and about a person who holds a position related to the performance of the functions of the state, local self-government bodies, and about members of his family, the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine are established: absolutely in each specific case it is determined whether information about a person belongs to confidential; there are guarantees of protection of the rights of the above-mentioned persons, and additional legal burdens, and therefore the state is called upon to ensure a balance of public and private interest.
The article also draws attention to the fact that even under martial law conditions, control (direct; indirect) by institutions of public power is prohibited both in terms of content and dissemination of information, even if the state pursues such a goal as protecting the information space from what is considered harmful by the state information that is not necessary for society. The practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on this issue is established. Attention is focused on the fact that censorship cannot be used in Ukraine to protect the information field of the state even in war conditions - it is prohibited in part 3 of Art. 15 of the Constitution of Ukraine.
Legal nature of postponement of execution, change or establishment of the method and procedure of execution of a decision in civil proceedings
Authors: Vorobel U. B.
Published: September 2024

This article is devoted to the general theoretical analysis of the legal nature of such a legal phenomenon as the postponement of execution, modification, or establishment of the method and procedure of executing a decision in civil proceedings, viewed through the lens of proposed doctrinal definitions of this cross-sectoral legal institute.
It is determined that in modern civil proceedings, issues of postponement and installment of execution, modification, or establishment of the method and procedure of executing court decisions are among the aspects that determine the effectiveness and fairness of justice.
Attention is drawn to the fact that, under certain circumstances, postponement of execution, modification, or establishment of the method and procedure of executing a decision is more justified and rational during the execution of a court decision. It is precisely these measures ‒ postponement, installment of execution, modification, or establishment of the method and procedure of execution ‒ that allow for balancing the interests of all participants in the enforcement proceedings, as well as creating the possibility for the actual execution of the court decision in the future.
The article examines scientific positions regarding the legal definition of such concepts as postponement and installment of execution, modification of the method of executing court decisions, and modification of the procedure for their execution.
Based on the analysis, it is concluded that postponement, installment of execution, modification, or establishment of the method and procedure of execution are primarily aimed at ensuring the timely, complete, and impartial execution of a decision, and thereby, the actual restoration of violated rights, freedoms, and interests of individuals. Consequently, by their legal nature, these measures are more about balancing the interests of the parties in enforcement proceedings, with the aim of ensuring the full execution of the court decision and achieving the ultimate goal of judicial protection ‒ the restoration of the violated right.
Methodological aspects of research in information security
Authors: Honcharov M. V. , Honcharov A. V.
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the research methodology of the basics of information security. A special place is given to the selection of methodological research tools. This selection was made on the basis of the exclusive importance of the field of information provision in interaction with other directions of state building and national security. At the same time, we note that the raised issue has an interdisciplinary nature due to its inherent legal and structural nature: legal, economic (technological), and moral and psychological components. Under such conditions, the philosophical-dialectical method is extremely important in view of its epistemological nature, which will contribute to the derivation of the author’s conclusions and judgments, which will be characterized by consistency and continuity.
The conducted analysis made it possible to reveal that the current summary in terms of understanding the role and significance of the methodological component for the results of our research is the following: from the point of view of the methodology of legal science, the paradigm of information security has a complex structure, which is formed by the elements: law enforcement methodology, the legislation of Ukraine, the systematics of legal norms, explanations of the legal norm, the procedure for implementing the provisions of the law, the legal policy of the state in the field of information security, media culture and media ethics in the application of legislation that regulates the issue of complete access of citizens to sources of information, tactical and strategic directions of activities of entities ensuring security in the use of information, the effectiveness of the application of legislation , law-enforcement examination of departmental regulations regulating relations in the field of information security.
Attention is drawn to the fact that any of the listed structural elements of a complete complex of information security can serve as the object of a separate scientific study.
The above studies revealed that the selected methodological tools for solving the task of our scientific intelligence will contribute to the professional research of the in-depth component processes of the implementation of measures in the areas of protection of the information space of Ukraine. The application of methodological techniques will allow us to more fully and comprehensively reveal the role of the information security institute in the development of our ideas about the system of measures to ensure the information hygiene of the Ukrainian media, public-legal and private-legal intellectual space, to identify new aspects in its structure and elemental composition.
Efficiency as a tool for measuring law-making and its policy
Authors: Dubas V.
Published: September 2024

In the scientific work, the author made an attempt to establish the methodological significance of the category «efficiency» in terms of the dimension of law-making and law-making policy. Attention is focused on the relevance of strengthening the scientific development of the methodology of studying law- making and its policy. It was emphasized that law-making requires systematic analysis, improvement of law-making mechanisms and the involvement of a wide range of experts to ensure the effective functioning of the legal system. Taking into account the constant changes in the social and political life of our country and the need to adapt legislation to European standards, law-making activity becomes an even more relevant phenomenon that not only needs its own scientific research, but also measurement for its effectiveness. Therefore, the relevance of the topic of this scientific work is determined both by the possibility of measuring the effectiveness of law-making, and by the necessity of such a measurement in order to provide a comprehensive assessment of the practice of law-making in Ukraine. The analysis of the views of scientists, which relate to the methodological significance of effectiveness as a tool for measuring the phenomena of legal reality, has been carried out. It is concluded that efficiency is a multidimensional tool that should establish the effectiveness of both directly law-making (on the micro-level) and the entire law-making policy (on the macro-level). It is noted that law-making and law-making policy can be studied from the point of view of their effectiveness, the results of which will have either a substantive nature (law-making effectiveness) or a strategic nature (law-making policy effectiveness). From the point of view of methodological significance, efficiency as a tool for measuring law-making and law-making policy is an independent: 1) a way of measuring indicators that reflect the result of the functioning of law-making or law-making policy; 2) a means of identifying and characterizing the role and purpose of law-making and its policy in socio-political and legal aspects; 3) a mechanism for identifying deficiencies in law-making activity and the content of law-making policy; 4) a prerequisite for substantiating ways of improving law-making activity and the content of law-making policy.
Communication: concept, essence, content
Authors: Kryvenko V. V.
Published: September 2024

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the essence and content of communication, which, being an element of social interaction, ensures the transmission and exchange of information in various spheres of human activity. The analysis of linguistic, socio-psychological, activity, cultural, informational and semiotic approaches carried out in the article made it possible to understand the diversity of ideas about communication, to formulate a more complete idea of its essence and content. It also made it possible to identify inaccuracies and discrepancies in the understanding of the concept of communication, which is important for further development and clarification of the theoretical and applied aspects of this problem, and will also contribute to the development of recommendations on the formation of effective interaction and dialogue, reducing misunderstandings, avoiding conflicts and improving the quality of relations, including and legal.
The article analyzes the key components of communication. Special attention is paid to its essence, which consists in creating and maintaining social relationships. It plays an important role in the formation of social consciousness, cultural identity and social integration. Communication ensures the coordination of actions and decision-making, promotes the exchange of knowledge and experience, as well as the formation of public opinion. Emphasis is placed on the fact that, by its very nature, it is a multifaceted and dynamic process, covering various aspects of interaction between people. Such interactions include verbal and non-verbal means of communication, emotional and rational components, and social and cultural contexts. It contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage and adaptation to changes in society. It is substantiated that the main purpose of communication is the transfer and exchange of information, knowledge, emotions and ideas to achieve mutual understanding. It was found that the content of communication includes informational, emotional, motivational and evaluative aspects. Informational content refers to facts, data, and knowledge that are conveyed during communication. The emotional aspect reflects the emotional state of subjects and affects their perception of information. The motivational aspect is related to the intentions and goals that drive communication. The evaluative aspect includes the evaluation of information and the reaction to it, which determines the course of communication and the subsequent behavior of subjects.
The right to education or freedom of education: constitutional and sectoral aspects
Authors: Snigur Mykola , Bzova Laura
Published: September 2024

This article analyses the distinction between the right to education and freedom of education in the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights.  The article deals with the issues of legislative regulation of the right to education. The author analyses international and national legal acts on the right to education, problems of reforming education and science in the context of the Association of Ukraine and the European Union. The author considers optimisation of the organisation and conduct of scientific research and general approaches to education reform aimed at innovative development of education.
In modern societies, we often hear that education is associated with the words “right” and “duty”, but not everyone knows what this means in practice. Although it seems easy to talk about education nowadays, this was not the case in the past and many reforms have taken place over the years to make this right and duty more and more relevant. First of all, it should be said that the right and obligation to education has modern roots in democratic societies that recognise and guarantee education for all individuals.
Theoretical issues related to the right to education have not yet been the subject of modern legal science have not yet been the subject of a multidimensional study. The study of the of the human right to education usually involves consideration of the issues of implementation as a public service in educational institutions of various types and the protection of the right by the state authorities of Ukraine. The human right to education regulates social relations related to any form of education and upbringing, has a programme and targeted nature, which is expressed in the need for continuous improvement of legislation on education and state activities related to the realisation of the right to to education. This process is carried out on the basis of joint activities of a person, the state and society represented by represented by commercial and state institutions, whose interests are united by a single focus, and complement each other. Education is a human right in the modern international order. It is one of the so-called second-generation rights, i.e. rights that require the state to ensure positive fulfilment, to act in favour of their observance.
Constitutional presumption of innocence and the institution of release from criminal liability: correlation issues
Authors: Stupnyk Yaroslav , Stupnyk Maryna
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the article is to determine, taking into account the results of the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine and the provisions of the doctrine of criminal law, the issues of correlation and ensuring the compliance of the institution of release from criminal liability with the constitutional presumption of innocence.
The methodological basis of the presented article includes a complex of general and special legal methods including analysis and synthesis, the method of description and observation, comparative- and formal-legal methods.
Results and conclusions. The article, taking into account the results of the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine and the provisions of the doctrine of criminal law, identifies the problems of the relationship between the institution of release from criminal liability and the constitutional presumption of innocence.
It is established that the release from criminal liability does not refute the admission of guilt of a person, if you give him the value of official confirmation (statement) of the fact that he committed a criminal offense. It is determined that the release from criminal liability also concerns the problems of ensuring the rule of law in the activities of public authorities, compliance of criminal law with the principles and norms of international law, systemic coherence of various branches of the national legal system.
It is determined that the presumption of innocence is recognized as one of the fundamental principles of criminal justice in a state governed by the rule of law. At the same time, it is an important element of the right to a fair trial guaranteed by Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which is part of national law by virtue of Article 9 of the Constitution as an international treaty. However, despite its fixation in the most important international legal acts that enshrine universal standards of fundamental human rights, and the enshrinement of the Constitution of Ukraine states that in practice the presumption of innocence is often violated, as evidenced by a number of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Ukraine.
Legislative drafting techniques as a means of giving effect to the rule of law. The case of Ukraine
Authors: Albanesi Enrico
Published: September 2024

Ukraine is currently carrying out some reforms recommended by the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe and by the European Commission (in order to become a Member State of the European Union), in order to strengthen democracy, the Rule of Law, human rights and protection of minorities.
The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that legislative drafting techniques are a means to give effect to the principle of the Rule of Law, when it comes to Ukraine; and to recommend that Ukraine improves the way its institutions draft/scrutinise bills, and adopts best practices from Europe.
The methods of this article will be those of an analysis of constitutional law. The article will rely on the definition of the principle of the Rule of Law (given by A.V. Dicey and developed by Lord Bingham) and the idea that legislative drafting techniques can be seen as a means to give effect to such a principle. The Ukrainian current constitutional context (viz., the impossibility of amending its Constitution under martial law, due to Article 157 of the Constitution of Ukraine) will be considered. Some pieces of Ukrainian legislation will be analysed in the light of the Venice Commission’s recommendations. Some of the main legislative drafting techniques and their aims, in the light of the best practices from Europe, will also be analysed.
The results of the article will set out that in such a current constitutional context, where the recommended reforms can be implemented only by Acts of Parliament (although some amendments to the Ukrainian Constitution would be appropriate), in Ukraine the quality of primary legislation becomes crucial to give effect to the Rule of Law. Therefore, the scientific novelty of the article will be to test general concepts with regards to the exceptional constitutional circumstances of Ukraine.
The conclusions, thus, is that Ukrainian institutions (such as the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the President of the Republic of Ukraine) should improve the way they draft/scrutinise bills, adopting best practices from Europe, in order to improve the quality of primary legislation and, thus, to give effect to the principle of the Rule of Law.
The institution of popular veto: experience of selected foreign countries
Authors: Mirowska Mariola
Published: September 2024

This article examines the legislation of foreign countries regarding mechanisms of direct democracy, particularly the institution of popular veto. A historical analysis of the development of this instrument in European law has been conducted.
The methodological basis of the publication consists of scientific methods based on the requirements of objective and comprehensive analysis of socio-political and legal phenomena, which include direct democracy in foreign countries. The research methodology is founded on general theoretical principles and approaches to determining the initial parameters of the formation and development of popular veto as a form of direct democracy. To achieve scientific objectivity in the results, the author used a full range of general scientific and special research methods widely applied in the modern science of constitutional law.
It has been established that although modern forms of direct democracy emerged relatively recently, the concept of popular veto has roots in ancient civilizations as a means of limiting the abuse of power. Initially, the right of veto was exercised not directly by citizens, but by authorized persons on behalf of the people, who could reject laws that contradicted fundamental norms.
It is argued that although popular veto was first enshrined in French constitutional law, Switzerland is considered its birthplace, where this institution received genuine development and was first implemented in practice in 1831. The evolution of popular veto is closely linked to the development of Swiss statehood; however, the immediate impetus for its implementation was granting citizens direct voting rights and the right to participate in referendums. Initially, popular veto was applied at the level of individual cantons, and in 1874 it was enshrined in the Swiss Constitution at the national level. According to the constitutional procedure, a specified number of voters can officially express disagreement with an adopted law within a set period, after which it must be submitted to a nationwide referendum for approval or repeal.