bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of Cathepsin D in Bladder Carcinoma: Correlation with Pathological Features and Serum Cystatin C Levels
Authors: Tokyol Ciğbdem , Köken Tülay , Demirbas Murat , Dilek Fatma Hüsniye , Yörükoglu Kutsal , Mungan Ugur , Kirkali Ziya
Published: April 2018

Aims and background

The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of cathepsin D in primary bladder cancer and to determine its relationship with conventional pathological features and serum cystatin C levels.

Methods

The immunohistochemical cathepsin D expression and staining patterns of epithelial and stromal cells were investigated in 21 patients with primary bladder carcinoma. Serum cystatin C levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry and compared with matched controls.

Results

There were 7 papillary neoplasms of low malignant potential, 7 low-grade and 7 high-grade carcinomas. Six tumors were invasive. Statistical analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between cathepsin D expression of the tumor cells and tumor grade and stage (P = 0.018 and P = 0.046, respectively). Serum cystatin C levels of the controls and patients varied between 0.39 mg/L and 1.99 mg/L (P >0.05). There was no significant relation between cathepsin D expression in tumor tissue and serum cystatin C levels.

Conclusions

Loss of cathepsin D expression in bladder carcinomas may be associated with high-grade and invasive tumors. Thus, increased cathepsin D expression by tumor cells may be related to local tumor invasion at an early stage, but it seems that extracellular cystatin C is not affected by cathepsin D expression of tumor or stromal cells, and cystatin C concentrations are not directly correlated with the progression of primary bladder carcinomas.
Upregulation of the Oncogenic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein ID2 in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Park Hye-Rim , Jung Woon Won , Kim Hyun Sook , Santini-Araujo Eduard , Kalil Ricardo K , Bacchini Patrizia , Bertoni Franco , Unni K Krishnan , Park Yong-Koo
Published: April 2018

Aims and background

Id helix-loop-helix proteins function as regulators of cell growth and differentiation. However, they can induce malignant transformation when overexpressed. The EWS/ETS chimeric proteins in Ewing sarcoma act as aberrant transcription factors leading to tumorigenic processes. An enhanced expression of the Id2 gene in Ewing sarcoma cells was previously shown by gene array techniques. We investigated the expression of Id2 at the protein and gene level in Ewing sarcoma.

Methods

We evaluated the expression of Id2 protein using immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from a total of 71 cases of Ewing sarcoma. Additionally, a Ewing sarcoma cell line was examined by real-time quantitative PCR.

Results

Id2 expression was observed in 65 cases (91.5%) of the 71 total cases examined and a high level of Id2 expression was observed in 45 of these cases (63.8%). In tumor cells, Id2 proteins displayed cytoplasmic as well as nuclear localization. The amplification of the Id2 gene was not noted in a Ewing sarcoma cell line using real-time quantitative PCR. The crossing points of Id2 in the Ewing sarcoma cell line, control fibroblast, and osteosarcoma cell line were 18.54 ± 0.16, 18.25, and 18.34, respectively.

Conclusions

Our data support a role for increased Id2 protein expression in Ewing sarcoma. However, this overexpression of the Id2 protein could not be confirmed by a corresponding change at the gene level in a Ewing sarcoma cell line.
Synchronous Breast Cancer in Spouses
Authors: Kahraman-Çetintaş Sibel , Kurt Meral , Gökgöz Şehsuvar , Özkan Lutti , Engin Kayihan , Taşdelen İsmet
Published: April 2018

Breast cancer in both spouses is extremely rare. There are 7 metachronous cases and 1 synchronous case in the English literature. No case has been reported in which 1 of the spouses had bilateral breast cancer. In this paper, we report a synchronous pair of cases where 1 of the spouses (wife) had bilateral breast cancer and the other (husband) had breast cancer.
Sigmoid Colon Metastasis from Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Invernizzi Roberta , Bencardino Katia , Porta Camillo , Vercelli Alessandro , Viglio Alessandra , Manzoni Mariangela , Sagrada Paola , Danova Marco
Published: April 2018

The sarcomatoid histological type of renal cell carcinoma is a clinically aggressive variant of parenchymal tumor, typically resistant to systemic treatment. We report the case of a 65-year-old female patient who had undergone a left radical nephrectomy for a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma together with enucleation of a mass of the right kidney and a contralateral nodule diagnosed as clear cell carcinoma. One year later lung, adrenal and sigmoid colon metastases from sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma were detected and the patient was started on systemic immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon-α. Computed tomography showed marked disease progression and the patient died 3 weeks later. Sigmoid colon metastasis from a primary sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma has never been described in the literature.
Cricoid Chondrosarcoma Coexisting with a Thyroid Mass: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pignataro Lorenzo , Peri Andrea , Pagani Davide , Iudica Francesco , Scaramellini Gabriele
Published: April 2018

Laryngeal chondrosarcomas are rare cartilaginous tumors that usually present with hoarseness, dyspnea and, occasionally, dysphagia and dysphonia. We report the case of a low-grade chondrosarcoma of the cricoid cartilage coexisting with a right thyroid nodule, which presented with homolateral vocal fold paralysis. After a precautionary tracheotomy the patient underwent a laryngofissure in which the mass arising from the posterior plate of the cricoid cartilage was entirely enucleated. The histopathological analysis was compatible with a low-grade chondrosarcoma involving the posterior resection margin. For this reason, in agreement with the patient's wishes, a total laryngectomy and simultaneous right hemithyroidectomy were performed. We here discuss the peculiarity of the presentation and the therapeutic dilemma posed by this rare neoplasm.
A Case of Squamocellular Uterine Cervix Carcinoma Metastatic to the Skin with Enterocutaneous Fistula
Authors: Arcara Carlo , Fulfaro Fabio , Badalamenti Giuseppe , Gebbia Nicola , Arcara Matteo
Published: April 2018

Metastases to the skin complicated by enterocutaneous fistula are a rare event in gynecological malignancies. We present the case of a 70-year-old woman with uterine cervix carcinoma metastatic to the skin and treated with surgery and radiotherapy. The last relapse to the skin was complicated by the formation of an enterocutaneous fistula. This low-output fistula was treated with surgery and adequate supportive care. The treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas may be either invasive (surgical resection, surgical repair with corrective procedures or with myocutaneous flaps, colonic and/or urinary diversion, endoscopic treatments with metallic stents) or conservative (skin care and local disinfection, pouching of secretions, control of nutrition and electrolytes, TPN, antisecretory treatment with scopolamine or octreotide, and control of psychological conditions). Enterocutaneous fistulas associated with skin metastases are not commonly reported in the literature and may be successfully treated with surgery and supportive care in patients with good performance status and no evidence of further metastatic disease.
Long-term outcomes after radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors
Authors: Sallabanda Kita , Barrientos Hernan , Isernia Romero Daniela Angelina , Vargas Cristian , Gutierrez Diaz Jose Angel , Peraza Carmen , Rivin del Campo Eleonor , Praena-Fernandez Juan Manuel , López-Guerra José Luis
Published: April 2018

Aims and background:

The treatment of glomus jugulare tumors (GJT) remains controversial due to high morbidity. Historically, these tumors have primarily been managed surgically. The purpose of this retrospective review was to assess the tumor and clinical control rates as well as long-term toxicity of GJT treated with radiosurgery.

Methods:

Between 1993 and 2014, 30 patients with GJT (31 tumors) were managed with radiosurgery. Twenty-one patients were female and the median age was 59 years. Twenty-eight patients (93%) were treated with radiosurgery, typically at 14 Gy ( n = 26), and 2 patients (7%) with stereotactic radiosurgery. Sixteen cases (52%) had undergone prior surgery.

Results:

The mean follow-up was 4.6 years (range 1.5–12). Crude overall survival, tumor control, clinical control, and long-term grade 1 toxicity rates were 97%, 97%, 97%, and 13% (4/30), respectively. No statistically significant risk factor was associated with lower tumor control in our series. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between patients having 1 cranial nerve (CN) involvement before radiosurgery and a higher risk of lack of improvement of symptoms (odds ratio 5.24, 95% confidence interval 1.06–25.97, p = .043).

Conclusions:

Radiosurgery is an effective and safe treatment modality for GJT. Patients having 1 CN involvement before radiosurgery show a higher risk of lack of improvement of symptoms.
Il Carcinoma Gelatinoso Della Mammella: (Considerazioni su 76 casi personali)
Authors: Veronesi U. , Gennari L.
Published: April 2018

76 cases of mucoid breast carcinomas observed at the Cancer Institute of Milan from 1928 to 1958 are examined. They represent the 1.8 per cent of 4300 cases of breast cancers observed in this period of time.

The 6th decade was found to be the most affected (29 per cent of the cases), followed by the 5th (28 per cent) and by the 7th (23 per cent). The mean age was 55.6 years, two years higher than that observed for the non-mucoid breast cancer. The most affected quadrant was the supero-external (37 per cent of the cases); the middle quadrant was found to be less affected in comparison with mammary carcinomas of other types. Axillary metastases were found in the 36 per cent of the cases, that is in a rather lower percentage than in non-mucoid breast carcinomas (58). The 5-year survival in cases radically treated was observed to be of the 75.6 per cent, much higher than that encountered in breast carcinomas of other type (46.6 per cent). Some observations point out the particular slow course of the disease: a patient with metastases, still living 16 years after the first operation; a patient who died for brain metastases 13 years after the onset of symptomatology.
Radiosiderazione Della Ipofisi Nel Cancro Metastatizzato Della Mammella
Authors: Bucalossi P. , Catania V. C. , Miserocchi E. , Romanini A.
Published: April 2018

In 57 patients with disseminate metastases from breast cancer the implantation of pituitary with radioactive isotopes has been performed, in order to destroy the gland and, hence, to suppress its hormonal activity.

The radioactive isotopes (Au 198 and Y 90) ware placed in the sella turcica through trans-orbito-sphenoidal way, using a special cannula-needle and a magnifying apparatus B.V.20 (Philips-Muller). By these means it has been possible to introduce the radioactive isotopes in the sella turcica and to follow their distribution within the gland.

The indications for this type of treatment, the preparation of the patients, the technique, the postoperative course, the variations obtained with concern to the hormonal dosage, the modifications of the metastatic foci and the late results are objectively reported.

Basing on the results obtained, it is pointed out that various problems are still to be solved for an extended destruction of the hypophysis and, hence, a prompter suppression of its activity; particularly the problems concerning the dosage and the spatial distribution of the radioactive preparations.

In addition to biological endocrino-surgery, the implantation of radioactive materials represents a method apt to enlarge the indications of the treatment of the metastasizing breast cancer.
Azione Di Composti Tiochinolinici Su Culture in Vitro Di Cellule KB
Authors: Orazi F.
Published: April 2018

Six mercapto-quinoline derivatives have been tested on « in vitro » cultures of KB cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 γ/ml to 50 γ/ml. Three of them, i. e. No. 1 (4-mercapto-2-methyl-quinoline), No. 2 (6-methoxy-4-mercapto-2-methyl-quinoline) and No. 4 (8-methoxy-4-mercapto-2-methyl-quinoline) showed interesting anticellular activities consisting in:

1) antimitotic action: compounds No. 1 and No. 2 cause principally a methaphase block with colchicine-like effect; compound No. 4 shows a clear inhibiting action of preprophasic type.

2) aspecific and late cytotoxic action: more or less common to the three derivatives, it causes severe cell damage.

The most active of these three compounds was found to be No. 2. On the other hand three other compounds: 7-methoxy-4. thio-2. methylcholine; acid (6-methoxy-2-methyl-quinoline-4) thioglycolic; 6. ethoxy-4. thio-2. methylcholine, proved inactive.

It is concluded that these mercapto-quinoline compounds, require, to be active, the presence of a free sulfhydryl group in their molecule.
Il Cancro Dell'Epiglottide
Authors: Bocca E. , Cova P. L. , Pignataro O.
Published: April 2018

A correct therapy of the epiglottis cancer is grounded on the exact knowledge of the following points: tumor site; ways of spreading; lymph node metastases. In regard to site, the epiglottis cancer may involve the laryngeal surface, the free edge, or the lingual surface. The ways of spreading are different, in relation to the primary site of the tumors. Those of the laryngeal surface remain long circumscribed when they affect the suprahyoid portion, whereas they tend to invade the pre-epiglottic space when the subhyoid portion is involved; those of the free edge spread along the aryepiglottic and pharyngoepiglottic plicae, those of the lingual surface more frequently to the valleculae and the base of the tongue. Lymph node metastases are more precocious and frequent in the tumors of the subhyoid portion of the laryngeal surface than in those of other sites; they are almost always bilateral. Therapy consists in the horizontal supraglottic partial laryngectomy in the cancers of the laryngeal surface and of the edge; the radiological treatment is indicated for the tumors involving the aryepiglottic and pharyngoepiglottic plicae and the base of the tongue. The bilateral intervention on the lymph nodes is always advised. Such therapeutical criteria are based on the experience of 30 cases of epiglottic cancer observed in the years 1951–1960 in the Otorhinolaryngological Clinic of the University of Milan.
Variazioni Sperimentali Attorno Al Fenomeno Dell'« Oncogenesi Secondaria » Nel Ratto: Azione del Solfato di Stronzio
Authors: Carminati V. , Chirico M.
Published: April 2018

Fifty rats were injected with 1 ml of 1.5 per cent strontium sulfate in both groin regions, and with 10 mg of 3,4-benzpyrene in the left groin region alone.

A reaction of phlogistic productive type was observed in the right region in 15 rats, whereas in 2 animals a tumour occurred on the same side (polymorphocellular sarcoma). This appeared to be histologically different from tumours which developed at the site of benzpyrene injection (fuso- or fusoglobocellular sarcoma).

The above observation supports the possibility of a «secondary oncogenesis» at the granuloma site, analogous to that already demonstrated after silicic anhydride administration.
In vivo Action of 9,10-Dimethyl-l,2-Benzanthracene on Some Enzymes of Rat Tissues
Authors: Di Bella Salvatore , Terracini Benedetto , Sinistrero Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Enzymatic changes in liver, spleen and thymus of Sprague-Dawley rats during acute intoxication with the carcinogenic hydrocarbon 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene have been investigated. The following enzymes were considered: phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase and succinicdehydrogenase. The values of hepatic aldolase, splenic and thymic phosphoglucoisomerase showed a slight increase during the first 1-2 days following the treatment. Subsequently, an inhibition of the three enzymatic activities was evident in both liver and thymus, particularly in the latter. In the spleen, only the aldolase was inhibited. In addition, the glycolytic activity was found to be decreased in the liver and thymus. The severity of the thymic damage under the present experimental conditions is emphasized.
Toxohormone in Uterine Tumors
Authors: Di Re Francesco , Mascitelli-Coriandoli Ernesto
Published: April 2018

Extracts from uterine carcinoma, uterine fibroma and normal myometrium were prepared as ether precipitates by the method of Yunoki and Griffin and indicated as « crude » toxohormone. These extracts, when injected into normal rats, resulted in a decreased concentration of plasma iron; the greatest effect was found in animals receiving the carcinoma extract: 0.1 mg of this preparation caused the same reduction as 5 mg of the two other preparations. The « crude » toxohormone, obtained from the uterine carcinomas, produced also a marked depression of blood hemoglobin and liver catalase, and altered significantly the dry weight of the adrenals, spleen and thymus; the same preparation from fibromas and normal tissues was ineffective. Chromatographic fractionation of « crude » toxohormone from uterine carcinoma yielded a lipopeptide indicated as « pure » toxohormone, which produced a marked decrease in plasma iron at 5 μg dose level. The liver catalase activity was depressed significantly at the dose of 20 μg. The same procedure applied to the extract of fibroma yielded only little amount of material, which was ineffective at 20 and 50 μ dose level. The lipopeptide obtained from uterine carcinoma had essentially the same composition as the lipopeptide obtained by Yunoki and Griffin from other human malignant tissues.
Experimental Study on Endosplenic Injection of a New P32 Labelled Colloidal Complex
Authors: Caldarola Leonardo , Badellino Fausto , Cavalli Adalberto , Calderini Paolo , Bellion Bartolomeo , Rosa Umberto , Sosi Saudo
Published: April 2018

Experimental results obtained with endosplenic injection of a new P32 labelled colloidal complex are reported. The measurement of the radioactivity, the autoradiohistography and the scintillografic finding obtained by a double labelling with P32 and Cr51 showed a high fixation and a homogeneous distribution of the radiocolloid within the liver. The application of the described method in the clinical field is suggested.
The Biopsy by Needle Aspiration in the Oncological Practice
Authors: Bonera Ernesto , Capretti Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

The usefulness of the cytologic study of material obtained from neoplasms by means of thin-needle aspiration is discussed. The risulta obtained in 47 cases of thin-needle aspiration from lymph nodes are described. In 30 cases a surgical biopsy of the lymph nodes was also performed; in 26 of these cases a positive correlation between the cytologic and the histologic diagnosis was established. The authors believe that the cytologic test by thin-needle aspiration is of value in the oncological practice, both as a collateral help to the histologic test and as a diagnostic aid, when a surgical biopsy is not feasible.
Daunomycin: A New Antibiotic with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Di Marco Aurelio , Gaetani Marcello , Dorigotti Luciano , Soldati Maria , Bellini Ornella
Published: April 2018

Daunomycin is a new antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius. For its physicochemical characteristics it may belong to the group of antibiotics described by Ollis and Sutherland (11). The toxico-pharmacologic studies of Daunomycin administered i.v. to mice and rats indicated an acute LD50 value of 15-20 mg/kg. In the rat daily intravenous administration of 1-1.25 mg/kg for 8-14 days was well tolerated. Daily intravenous injection of 2-2.5 mg/kg for 8 days caused a slight decrease in the number of R.B.C. and W.B.C., but no histological damage was found in duodenal mucosa, testicles and other parenchimas. Daunomycin caused a significant inibition of 10 out of 12 tumors tested. At a daily dose of 1 or 2 mg/kg it had a marked inhibitory effect on ascites tumors (Hepatoma AH 130, Walker carcinoma, Ehrlich carcinoma, sarcoma 180 and O.G.G. myeloma) and remarkably increased the average survival time of the tumor-bearing animals. The antibiotic strongly inhibited also the growth of solid tumors (Ehrlich carcinoma 41.1%, 180 sarcoma 42.2%, Walker carcinoma 66.1%, O.G.G. myeloma 70.8 - 85.2% and MC sarcoma 67.6%). Daunomycin decreased the mitotic index of the Ehrlich ascites tumor and induced mitotic damages of tumor cells.
Results Obtained with Radiological Therapy in 378 Cases of Malignant Tumors of the Tonsil
Authors: Bignazzi Angelo , Guzzon Adalgiso
Published: April 2018

The results obtained in 378 cases of malignant tumors of the tonsil radiologically treated at the Institute of Radiology of the University and at the Cancer Institute of Milan, are reported. They occurred predominantly in males (297 cases); 60 per cent of the cases were in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Microscopic study was performed in 359 cases: there were 206 squamous-cell carcinomas (57.1%) and 121 malignant lymphomas (33.5%). The gross pathology and the local spread observed are described. The radiologic methods of therapy employed are reported and discussed. The results show a two-year survival of 41.1 per cent and a five-year survival of 32.6 per cent. The five-year survival was of 28.7 per cent for the epithelial tumors and of 37.9 per cent for all the others. The best results were obtained in localized tumors.
Surgical Procedure in the Exeresis of Solitary Internal Mammary Metastases
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Lovo Gino Franco
Published: April 2018

Six patients with a solitary internal mammary metastasis observed 1 to 15 years after a previous radical mastectomy, were surgically treated. The surgical procedure required a wide toracectomy, with removal of the edge of the sternum and of a portion of the second, third and fourth rib; the skin over the tumor and the underling pleura were removed in bloc with the specimen. The repair of the chest-wall defect was obtained with a full-thickness-flap-pedicle graft developed either from skin and subcutaneous tissues of chest and abdominal walls or from the opposite breast.
Long-term Results of Vulvectomy with or without Groin Resection, in the Vulvar Carcinoma
Authors: Grattarola Renzo
Published: April 2018

Ninty-nine patients with cancer of the vulva were treated, 59 by vulvectomy alone, 30 by vulvectomy and bilateral superficial groin dissection. The 5-year survival rate of the patients treated by vulvectomy alone was 35.5% and of the patients treated by vulvectomy and node dissection was 60.0%. In 10 patients vulvectomy as followed by unilateral groin dissection at the side where lymph nodes were palpable; 5 of these patients, who were found to have no metastatic cancer, survived 5 years. The 99 cases were classified according to the staging suggested by Nolan; of the 30 patients who had lymph node surgery, the metastases were found only in the patients at stage 2 and 3. The 5-year survival rate of the patients at stage 1, treated by vulvectomy alone was 69.2% and of the patients at stage 3 was 14.8%. When the patients at stage 3 were treated by vulvectomy and bilateral groin dissection, the 5-year survival rate was 71.4%.
Proposal of a Code for the Classification of Tumors
Authors: Baroncelli Giovanni
Published: April 2018

A code for the statistical elaboration of tumors is presented. The code takes into consideration the data concerning the etiology and epidemiology of tumors, but gives the utmost importance to the gathering of the clinical and therapeutic data, and particularly of those suitable to evaluate the results obtained with different types of therapy.
Action of Daunomycin on Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Hepatoma Ascites Cells Incubated « in vitro »
Authors: Rusconi Aldo , Calendi Emidio
Published: April 2018

The action of Dannomycin, an antibiotic of Rhodomycin group, was studied following the incorporation of Adenine-8-14C into nucleic acid of hepatoma ascites cells incubated « in vitro ». Doses of 20 μg/ml of the antibiotic were able to inhibit the uptake of the precursor by RNA; the activity of the drug appeared to be dependent on the density of the cell population. As it was noted that, under our experimental conditions, a partial inhibition of the incorporation was caused by these doses of Daunomycin, some RNA fractions were isolated from cells and tested for their sensitivity to the antibiotic. A high-activity RNA extracted from nuclei appeared to be the most sensitive to the Daunomycin action. At higher doses of Daunomycin the incorporation into DNA was also lowered.
Extramedullary Plasmocytoma
Authors: Pollice Lucio , Pennelli Natale
Published: April 2018

Extramedullary plasmocytoma is a tumor chiefly located in the upper air passages and oral cavity, usually characterized by a slow rate of growth and lack of the biochemical data distinctive of multiple myeloma. Eight cases of extramedullar plasmocytoma are reported, six located in the nasal cavity, one in the maxillary sinus and one in the oropharynx, and the relevant histological features are described: the pyronin affinity of cells, more evident at pH 4.8, was constantly positive; the Russell bodies and the Mott cells, similar to those seen in plasmacell granulomas, were seldom present; the argyrophylic reticulum was rather regular and generally with alveolar pattern; the stainability with the amyloid technique was positive in three cases. Such results are discussed in comparison with reports of other authors. The pertinent literature concerning clinical and pathological data is briefly reviewed. On the basis of the most recent studies on plasmacells, the histogenesis of extramedullary plasmocytoma is discussed, particularly in respect to plasmacell granulomas and multiple myeloma; the possibility that the basic cells constituting such tumors could be related to proplasmocyte is then suggested.
The Effect of Dannomycin on the Proliferative Activity of Stem-cells Developed from Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Costa Graciela , Astaldi Giovanni
Published: April 2018

Dannomycin is an antibiotic which interferes with the proliferative activity of somatic cells. The effect of Dannomycin on the proliferative activity of stem-cells developed from human blood lymphocytes in tissue culture with phytohemagglutinin was studied. The degree of proliferation was evaluated by the stathmokinetic test. Daunomycin caused an inhibitory effect, but the degree of inhibition was not proportional to the dose of the drug. Small doses, such as 1 jig/ml reduced the degree of proliferation by one third, whereas 3 fig/ml reduced that activity to one third in respect to the control.
Preliminary Results of Isotope Renography in Urological Complications of Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Giavelli Sandra , d'Amico Paolo , Grattarola Renzo , Luciani Luciano , Roncoroni Luigi
Published: April 2018

Radioisotope renography is a simple technique for the clinical evaluation of unilateral kidney function and of urinary tract patency; it is performed by the intravenous injection of I131 labeled sodium o-iodo-hippurate and by external monitoring over each kidney. Since urinary tract deseases are frequent complications of gynecologic malignancies, it was thought worthwhile to perform renography in patients with carcinoma of cervix uteri, at different stages, in order to analyze whether different renograms might be obtained in patients with different parametral involvement. The examination was performed on 21 patients. The results obtained demonstrated that the frequency of pathologic renograms in patients with carcinoma at stage I was significantly lower than in patients with carcinoma at stage II and III.
Acridine Orange Fluorescence Method for Cytodiagnosis of Uterine Cancer.
Authors: Samuel Sami
Published: April 2018

A group of 1064 patients seen at the gynecological clinic of the National Cancer Institute of Milan, have been taken into consideration. Vaginal smears of each patient were stained with the method of Papanicolaou and with acridine orange for microscopy fluorescence. The data obtained and the histological reports showed that the acridine orange fluorescence microscopy method is valid in selecting doubtful and positive cases of malignant tumors, provided the examination is performed by experienced cytologist. The method supplies on the whole results slightly more reliable than the Papanicolaou method but in some cases tha latter has proved superior to the former. Therefore, the best solution is to apply both methods contemporarily.
A Case of Pluricentric Oncocytoma of the Parotid Gland.
Authors: Cascinelli Natale , Gennari Leandro , Talamazzi Franco
Published: April 2018

A pluricentric oncocytoma was observed in a 73–year old woman. It is believed that total parotidectomy should be performed in all cases of oncocytoma.
Angiofollicular Lymph Node Hyperplasia
Authors: Talamazzi Franco , Ravasi Gianni
Published: April 2018

A case of angiofollicular hyperplasia of a lymph node on the right pulmonary hilus is described. The mass 5 cm large was strictly adherent to the pulmonary arteria; its cure required pneumonectomy.
The Transcutaneous Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Bone Affections.
Authors: Gennari Leandro , Cascinelli Natale
Published: April 2018

Forty cases of bone malignancies are discussed, where biopsy was performed with help of a new instrument. The method allowed to state or to esclude a diagnosis of primary or secundary tumor in 32 cases. In 8 cases there was no results because the bone fragments were too exiguous or derived from the healthy tissue surronding the lesion. The authors discuss the utility of this new method, which joins the advantages both of the aspiration technique and of the rotation technique for biopsy.
The Cytology of Nipple Secretion in the Early Diagnosis of Carcinoma and Other Pathological Diseases of the Breast.
Authors: Giammaria Gaetano , Cozzi Pier Arrigo
Published: April 2018

The results of a study carried out on 47 nipple secretion obtained from 156 patients with various diseases of the breast are presented. A good correlation between the cytological diagnosis, established following the Saphir's classification, and the histopathological diagnosis was found, either for benign or malignant diseases. Early cytological diagnoses of 2 intraductal carcinomas with initial Paget's disease of the nipple and one fibroadenoma with initial carcinomatous evolution, are reported. The usefulness of the method as a routine examination is confirmed.
A case of Endometriosis of the Trapezius Muscle.
Authors: Gennari Leandro , Luciani Luciano
Published: April 2018

A case of endometriosis of the trapezius muscle functionally active, is reported. The etiopathogenetic aspects of extragenital and extraabdominal endometriosis are discussed.
Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors of Children
Authors: Światkowska Irena
Published: April 2018

Two hundred and twenty cases of cerebral tumors and 8 cases of spinal cord tumors in infancy are reported. The incidence of cerebral tumors reaches its peaks at 3–4 and 6–10 years of age; as regards sex, there were 125 females and 103 males. Medulloblastomas, ependymomas and craniopharyngiomas were more frequent in boys, meningiomas and neurinomas in girls. Histologically the more frequent types were gliomas (179 cases) especially astrocytomas (83 cases); malignant medulloblastomas (50 cases) and ependymomas (26 cases) followed in order of frequency; craniopharyngiomas were observed in 15 cases and meningiomas in 9 cases. There were 74 supratentorial and 146 subtentorial localizations; the fourth ventricle was site of tumors in 46 cases.

The most frequent of early symptoms was headache; sudden and projectile vomiting was also frequent, while ataxia and visual disturbances were more rare; when illness was fully developed the more frequent symptoms were reeling, papilledema, paresis of extremities and of facial nerve, nystagmus and hydrocephalus.

Among the 8 cases of spinal tumors, there were 2 neurinomas, 2 dermoids, 1 ependymoma, 1 meningioma, 1 chordoma and 1 sarcoma.
Considerations on 42 Cases of Lymphoreticular Tumors of Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Gennari Leandro , Salvatori Bruno
Published: April 2018

Forty-two cases of lymphoreticular tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are reported: 27 reticulosarcomas, 10 lymphosarcomas, 3 lymphoreticulosarcomas and 2 cases of Hodgkin's disease. The localization was the following; 28 tumors of the stomach, 9 of the small intestine, 3 of caecum and 2 of rectum. The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 64 years. The study of the cases indicates that it is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain a correct diagnosis before surgical operation, as all the common diagnostic measures, except biopsy, are not probative. The results of therapeutical treatment, which consisted, when possible, of radical dissection of the tumors, followed by roentgentherapy, are reported. The tumors of the stomach showed a high rate of operability (19 of 28 cases were radically operated). Two of 3 cases of tumor of caecum and 3 of 9 tumors of the small bowel were amenable to surgery. The survival rate of the cases in which the stomach was involved was fairly good (6 patients of 22 were alive after 5 years, and 5 of 14 after 10 years). As to the patients with a tumor of the small bowel, 6 of 9 died within 1–2 years.
Post-radiation Bone Lesions in Mammary Cancer
Authors: Lattuada Angelo , Severini Aldo
Published: April 2018

The radiographic patterns of post-radiation bone lesions in eight patients treated for breast cancer are described. Rib fractures - often multiple - at the anterior portion of the rib were observed in all patients. Two of them showed also lesions of the shoulder-blade, with a lesion in the humeral diaphysis in one. Only some of the eight patients have been heavily irradiated as far as the total dose, the diameter of the fields and the dose-time is concerned. In these cases the lesions were more severe and large in comparison to the other patients. Bone repair and reconstruction were not observed even after many years from initial treatment. Areas of overdosage at the level of bone structures may have occurred also in the other cases, where the usual therapeutical limits had not been overcome. This overdosage is likely to be due to the particular geometric relationships between neoplastic foci and thoracic wall, requiring several irradiation fields. From the radiographic point of view rib fractures are difficult to detect in their earlier phase; therefore the differential diagnosis has to be made with traumatic fractures. Later their recognition becomes easier though occasionally the problem of a differentiation from possible metastatic foci may arise.
Contribution to the Radiographical Study of Mammary Cysts with Gaseous Contrast Means
Authors: de Yoldi Gianfranco Coopmans , Guzzon Adalgiso , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

The radiological diagnosis of mammary cysts is not easy in glandular or fibrous breasts intensely radiopaque, whereas such alterations are better visualized in atrophic, fatty, radiotransparent breasts. The authors performed systematically the liquid withdrawing puncture in cystic formations discovered with the clinico-radiographical examination and filled these with air. The described procedure serves the twofold purpose of demonstrating intracystic neoformations developed in the wall and projecting into the cavity and of better recognizing normal or pathological pericystic structures. The procedure is safe, easy to perform, and supplies generally demonstrative radiographical pictures.
Chromosomes Alterations in a non Neoplastic Lymph Node
Authors: Caprio Guido , Nespolo Angelo , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

Chromosomes studies were performed in a lymph node of a patient with non specific cervical adenopathy. Thirty-two percent of the chromosome patterns were found to be aneuploid; 12 percent of metaphases had 45 chromosomes and 18 percent had 47 chromosomes. Chromosomes alterations were observed also in diploid metaphases. The chromosome pattern in the peripheral blood was found to be constantly euploid. The hypothesis of a viral infection as a cause of the observed chromosome abnormalities is postulated.
Plasma Cell Mastitis
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Gennari Leandro , Preda Ferdinando
Published: April 2018

Nine cases of plasma cell mastitis in women aged from 27 to 60 years are described. In 4 cases a clinical diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast was made and only the histologic picture allowed the exact diagnosis.
Oophorectomy for Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Pizzocaro Giorgio
Published: April 2018

A series of 168 cases of bilateral oophorectomy in patients with advanced breast cancer operated on during the 4 years 1962-65 at the National Cancer Institute of Milan is studied. There was no criterion of selection apart from the limit of 5 years after menopause; indeed, only 3 patients exceeded that limit. Post-operative mortality (5 cases) was 3%. The clinical success rate was 31.9% (52 cases) with a mean regression period of 13 months 10 days and a mean survival of 20 ½ months. The subjective successes numbered 25 with a mean period of wellbeing of 9 months 6 days and a mean survival of 16 months. The mean survival of the 87 patients who did not benefit from oophorectomy was 6 months 10 days. The success rate has been studied with reference to the chronological and physiological age of the patients, the duration of the free interval, tumor stage at first examination, site and distribution of metastases, cancer familiarity, the degree of estrogenic stimulation according to the karyo-pyknotic index, duration of menstrual life, parity, lactation and any previous hormonal therapy. The results obtained may be summarised as follows: 1) oophorectomy yields a clinical success rate of around 40% in patients who fit at least one of the following conditions: premenopausal women of over 35 or women in menopause for under a year; free interval of over two years; lesions confined to the soft tissues or to the skeleton or the presence of only nodular metastases in the lungs; a high degree of estrogenic stimulation, menstrual life exceeding 35 years; and primiparity; 2) the following are adverse conditions: age under 35; state of menopause exceeding a year; free interval of under two years; presence of pleuropulmonary lymphangitic metastases or of several groups of metastases; low degree of estrogenic stimulation; menstrual life of under 35 years; numerous pregnancies with subsequent lactation, and failure of hormonal therapy; 3) the operation is contraindicated, because never or hardly ever successful, in women in menopause for over a year without signs of estrogenic stimulation, in patients with extensive hepatic metastases and in those with cerebral metastases; 4) cancer familiarity, generic or specific, tumor stage at the time of surgical or of primary radiotheraphy and the presence or absence of ovarian metastases have no influence upon the results of ovariectomy. Oophorectomy is not only the first-line treatment for advanced carcinoma of the breast in patients in premenopause and in menopause for under a year but it is also a sound criterion for secondary treatment, since, as a rule, only patients who have responded to oophorectomy benefit (over 60% of these cases) from further endocrine theraphy, whether additive or ablative.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Margottini Mario
Published: April 2018

Although prognosis of carcinoma of the breast in clinical stages I and II is conditioned by many factors, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are at present the most useful means at our disposal to achieve the best results. Early diagnosis, and better still the detection of tumours in a preclinical stage, can be arrived at by breast self-examination, periodic check-up and mammography. The latter is particularly useful in revealing clinically silent lesions. Only excisional biopsy can ascertain the diagnosis which it is important to establish when the intramammary lump, because of its small size, lacks any sign of malignancy. Recent studies of the lymphatic spread of breast carcinoma have demonstrated that the parasternal metastases are not a late manifestation of the disease but rather a frequent finding in cancer in clinical stages I and II. These metastases are correlated, not only to the site of the tumor in the inner quadrants of the mammary gland, but also to the metastatic index of the axillary lymph nodes. A similar correlation exists between the number of axillary nodes involved and the frequency of microscopic supraclavicular metastases. When radical surgery is indicated, it should comprise the excision of the internal mammary lymph nodes, and in case a supraclavicular dissection. Inoperable cases should be treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently pre, intra and postoperative chemotherapy is being increasingly carried out in association with the basic radio-surgical therapy, but such treatment can only be of help as an adjuvant of radical surgery, not as a substitute for an incomplete operation.
Prognosis and Therapy of Tumors of the Lung with Pleural Effusion
Authors: Fiorentino Mario , Vangelista Riccardo
Published: April 2018

Of 625 bronchial carcinomas observed in the Radiotherapy Department of the Padua City Hospital from 1958 to 1964, only 70 cases (11 %) presented with pleural effusion. Statistical evaluation of therapeutic results suffers from some bias due to retrospective analysis and unplanned treatment. However, the plotting of the cases submitted to various treatment schedules may afford some tentative conclusions. 1) Although no more than thirteen of the cases have survived more than 12 months, there is evidence that radiation therapy on the primary tumor resulted in some life prolongation. 2) Intrapleural mechlorethamine, administered when the tumor has actually invaded the pleural space may add some further improvement, whilst it seems completely useless where the hydrothorax is due to mechanical reasons (e.g. lymphostasis and or atelactasis). 2) In cases of bacterial pleurisy, antibiotics must be injected intrapleurally. Only the individual patients who were treated by these simple therapeutic means have survived more than twelve months from the onset of pleural involvement.
Proaccelerin Levels in Leukemias.
Authors: Girolami Antonio
Published: April 2018

The behavior of factor V activity (proaccelerin) was investigated in 94 patients with acute and chronic leukemia. In acute myeloblastic and chronic myeloid leukemia normal or low levels of factor V were usually found. On the contrary in acute lymphoblastic and chronic lymphocytic leukemia normal or high levels were frequently observed. In ten patients (4 cases with acute myeloblastic leukemia, 5 cases with chronic myeloid leukemia and 1 case with acute lymphoblastic leukemia) there were markedly decreased levels of proaccelerin (less than 40%). In two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia normal or elevated factor V activity was found. The significance of these variations in proaccelerin levels observed in leukemia is discussed.
Primary Plasmocytoma of the Breast.
Authors: Preda Ferdinando , Terno Giovanni , Talamazzi Franco
Published: April 2018

A case of solitary extramedullary plasmocytoma of the breast is described. The tumor, observed in a 79-year old woman, measured about 15 × 15 cm, and showed the clinical aspect of mammary sarcoma. This is the third case of mammary plasmocytoma in the literature.
A Case of Brown Lipoma.
Authors: Zingo Lorenzo , Tancini Gabriele , Talamazzi Franco
Published: April 2018

A case of brown lipoma of left inguinal region in a woman is described. The authors analyse histomorphology, philogenesis and nomenclature of this tumor of brown fatty tissue.
Behavior of Serum Immunoglobulins of Patients with Lymphodisproliferatives Disorders
Authors: Sciancalepore Giovanna , Casellato Maria Maddalena , Lugaro Giuseppe , Marrone Anna , Bosi Leonardo , Caprio Guido
Published: April 2018

Serum immunoglobulins of lymphomas were studied with electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. A new method was employed for electrophoresis study, which exploiting the shape of the particles, allows to obtain numerous and precise fractions. In the gammaglobulins region of two cases it was possible to recognize paraproteins-like components that could not be identified with other methods. In the same two cases, alterations in the immunoelectrophoretic pattern were noted, while in other 47 lymphomas no immunoelectrophoretic alterations were recognized. The quantitative determination of the Ig-globulins was studied in 60 cases with the immunodiffusion technique. A disbalance between the three main classes of immunoglobulins was noted in all types of lymphomas whether of lymphocitic or reticular origin. In most cases the Ig G and Ig A were increased and Ig M reduced.
Clinical Evaluation of Procarbazine and Fluorouracil in Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Bonadonna Giovanni , Monfardini Silvio , Oldini Cesare , Guzzon Adalgiso , Di Pietro Sergio
Published: April 2018

Procarbazine and 5-fluorouracil were given to 69 untreated patients with inoperable or metastatic lung cancer. 62 were adequately evaluable. The patients were divided into 3 groups: A) 26 cases received procarbazine (250 mg/day i.v. for 4 weeks); B) 24 cases received procarbazine in association with 5-fluorouracil given by rapid single i.v. injection (10 mg/kg on alternate days for 4 weeks); C) 12 cases received procarbazine in association with 5-fluorouracil which was given by 2 hour i.v. infusion on alternate days for 4 weeks. No maintenance treatment was given. The objective responses were evaluated following the categories of Karnofsky. Considering only the category 1 responses, 15 % of patients of group A showed objective improvement, in comparison to 43 % and 16 % of patients of group B and C respectively. Therefore, it seems that the combination of procarbazine and 5-fluorouracil (rapid i.v. injection) is better than procarbazine alone, and that the combined treatment is more successful when 5-fluorouracil is given by single i.v. injection rather than through slow i.v. infusion. Regressions were observed in all histologic types. However, in the group of cases with adenocarcinoma none (0/5) responded to procarbazine alone but 5/6 to procarbazine plus 5-fluorouracil. It is likely that procarbazine is more effective in the oat-cell type and 5-fluorouracil in adenocarcinomas. Toxicity consisted in nausea and vomiting during the first 7–10 days in the group treated with procarbazine alone (15/26 cases), while only 2/26 patients had transient leukopenia. In group B the side-effects were diarrhea (13 cases) and leukopenia (9 cases), both possibly due to 5-fluorouracil. Only 2/12 patients of group C showed side-effects (1 vomiting and 1 diarrhea). The fact that no patients of this group showed signs of bone marrow depression confirms what is already known, i.e. that when 5-fluorouracil is given by slow i.v. infusion toxicity rarely occurs. The conclusion is that the association of procarbazine with 5-fluorouracil can produce consistent regressions in patients with advanced carcinoma of the lung, although unmaintained remissions are almost always short lived.
Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide and Urethan Carcinogenesis in suckling SWR Mice
Authors: Colnaghi Maria I. , Porta Giuseppe Della , Parmi Liliana
Published: April 2018

Five i.p. injections of 1 mg urethan/g body weight on alternate days administered to 10-day old SWR mice resulted in the development of thymic lymphosarcomas in 60 % and of lung adenomas in nearly 100 % of the animals, irrespective of sex. Concurrent treatment with isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), 0.1 mg/g body weight, administered five times on alternate days starting at 9 days of age, did not modify the carcinogenic effect of urethan. The treatment with INH alone did not induce a higher tumor incidence than in untreated controls.