bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The interrelatedness of organizational ambidexterity, dynamic capabilities and open innovation: a conceptual model towards a competitive advantage
Authors: van Lieshout Johannes W.F.C. , van der Velden Jeroen M. , Blomme Robert J. , Peters Pascale
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Establishing a competitive advantage in today's dynamic environment involves optimizing an organization's exploration and exploitation strategy. This paper aims to explore how an open innovation strategy complements the organization's ambidextrous strategy in attaining a competitive advantage. Organizational ambidexterity and dynamic capability theories are also explored to investigate the impact of open innovation on the organization's ambidextrous strategy and competitive advantage – especially inbound and outbound open innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a systematic literature review using Boolean search techniques, which was focused on the research fields of the sub-areas of general management, strategy, innovation, organization studies, information management, entrepreneurship, international business, marketing, and economics, supplemented by the snowball technique.

Findings

Organizations that combine their ambidextrous strategy with open innovation attributes achieve a competitive advantage through developing their dynamic capabilities by which organizations change their value proposition. This study also shows that an ambidextrous strategy should no longer be viewed as a structural solution implemented by management, but also as a bottom-up intervention. Additionally, the authors found that the organization's dynamic capabilities establish a feedback loop, which changes the organization's ambidextrous strategy to resolve the efficiency–agility paradox.

Originality/value

Previous research has focused on strategic orientation; however, hardly any research has investigated how the interrelatedness of open innovation, organizational ambidexterity and dynamic capabilities support a competitive advantage. The authors present a conceptual model that inspires new research avenues.
Modeling and analysis of a quality traceability framework for phosphate extraction process: evidence from Morocco
Authors: Lafquih Hind , Lissane Elhaq Saad , Krimi Issam , Berquedich Mouna
Published: September 2021

Purpose

According to United Nations reports, the worldwide population is expected to reach around 9.6 billion by 2050. This forecasting emphasizes the role of phosphate-based fertilizers for developing sustainable agriculture and ensures the demand all over the planet. From this perspective, phosphate companies are racing to improve their industrial performance and guarantee the quality, reliability and integrity of information efficiently. The purpose of this paper is to propose a traceability system framework that ensures product quality tracing and real-time operations monitoring for open-pit mines.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop a hybrid approach that integrates Business Process Model and Notation techniques with System Modeling Language to formalize several use cases and scenarios to model quality traceability processes related to open-pit mines. This framework also embeds an optimization module based on mathematical modeling approaches to optimize stockpiles’ movement and respect the distinction between different qualities.

Findings

This paper explains a successful implementation of a quality traceability tool for an African mining company. The research team was able to understand and scale down the problem faced by the managers. Further, the study is focused on improving quality tracing over time and automatizing the current compliance processes related to the mine extraction activities. The proposed tool is proved highly effective in reducing the time of tracing quality claims by 46% compared with the manual procedure. Second, the implementation of this tool reduced fuel costs by 34% and CO2 emissions by 10%.

Originality/value

The originality of the contributions lies in four aspects: (1) adapting quality traceability concept for the mining industry; (2) assessing the current trends of traceability systems considering the mining industry context; (3) hybridizing business processes re-engineering, quality system and optimization modeling; and (4) using a real case study of a phosphate company to evaluate the framework.
Assessing universities’ social sustainability: accounting for stakeholder value
Authors: Ayuso Silvia , Carbonell Xavier , Serradell Laia
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess higher education institutions’ (HEIs) social sustainability by applying Integrated Social Value (ISV) analysis to eight universities belonging to the Catalan Association of Public Universities in Spain.

Design/methodology/approach

ISV analysis is a social accounting methodology that considers both the economic value and the social value created for all the organisation’s stakeholders through a participatory and systematic process.

Findings

The authors have shown that ISV analysis can be effective to assess the impacts on social sustainability of HEIs. The monetised results facilitate understanding about the valued impacts and allow integration with the universities’ financial data.

Research limitations/implications

The research advances the under-researched topic of social sustainability assessment in higher education.

Practical implications

Quantifying universities’ social impacts in monetary terms may help to transform conventional financial accounting and improve HEIs’ internal strategy and management according to sustainability principles.

Social implications

The process of measuring the social value created by universities provides a way to meet the rising demands for greater accountability and transparency and facilitates engagement with stakeholders on how these institutions are contributing to sustainable development.

Originality/value

ISV analysis represents an innovative approach to assess how HEIs create benefits for its internal and external stakeholders and contribute to solutions to social challenges.
Analyzed relationship between risks and expected returns
Authors: Van Dinh Doan
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between risks and the expected return of financial investment because the relationship between them is negative; if the investors agree to the higher level of risk, they have the greater the expected return; therefore, investors always require a degree of proportionality between the risks and returns.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applied the standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation methods and matrix function to measure risks. Besides, the dataset is a return on equity ROE, which is collected in three companies at time series from 2005 to 2020.

Findings

When the variance or the standard deviation is higher, the return on the securities is higher, but the securities are a higher risk and vice versa. The results showed risk levels of stocks that are 2.509%, 0.367%, 3.666% and the corresponding return mean of 38.68%, 23.99% and 14.02%.

Originality/value

The results support the portfolio management policy appropriately. This study identifies issues for managers, investors and readers to consider: have a comprehensive solution among microcosmic policies, finance policy, investment policy and other policies to control and balance the relationship between risks and returns; have appropriate policies to regulate funds to stimulate investment in the long term.
Negotiating the transition from acute hospital care to home: perspectives of patients with traumatic brain injury, caregivers and healthcare providers
Authors: Oyesanya Tolu O. , Harris Walker Gabrielle , Loflin Callan , Prvu Bettger Janet
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose is to explore experiences transitioning home from acute hospital care from perspectives of younger traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, family caregivers and healthcare providers (HCPs).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted 54 qualitative interviews (N = 36: 12 patients, 8 caregivers, 16 HCPs) and analyzed data using conventional content analysis.

Findings

The transition from hospital to home was described as a negotiation, finding a way through these obstacles: (1) preparing for discharge home during acute hospital care; (2) navigating transitions in healthcare and health; (3) addressing recovery concerns, and (4) setting goals to return to normal. Factors influencing the negotiation process included social support, health-related knowledge or training, coping mechanisms, financial stability, and home environment stability.

Originality/value

Younger TBI patients and caregivers have unique needs during the transition home from the hospital. Needed support from HCPs was inconsistently provided. Findings are foundational for integrated care research and practice with TBI.
Reverse mentoring and job crafting as resources for health: a work engagement mediation model
Authors: Garg Neha , Murphy Wendy Marcinkus , Singh Pankaj
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This paper examines whether employee-driven practices of reverse mentoring and job crafting lead to work engagement and, in turn, to higher levels of prospective mental and physical health.

Design/methodology/approach

Integrating social exchange theory and the job demands and resources model as theoretical frameworks, survey data were collected from 369 Indian software developers to test the research model. Latent variable structural equation modeling was used to empirically test the hypothesized associations.

Findings

The findings reveal that both reverse mentoring and job crafting are significantly associated with work engagement. Work engagement fully mediated the negative relationship between 1) reverse mentoring and mental ill-health and 2) job crafting and physical ill-health, while it partially mediated the negative relationship between 1) reverse mentoring and physical ill-health and 2) job crafting and mental ill-health.

Practical implications

The results demonstrate that by implementing the practices of reverse mentoring and job crafting, managers can achieve desired levels of engagement among employees and sustain organizational productivity by promoting employee health and well-being.

Originality/value

This study is one of the early attempts to empirically demonstrate the associated health outcomes of reverse mentoring and job crafting.
The role of subsidiary dual embeddedness and absorptive capacity in a transition economy
Authors: Rasouli Ghahroudi Mehdi , Chabok Seyed Hossein , Conroy Kieran M.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to focus on dual embeddedness as an important channel through which foreign subsidiaries access and share valuable and idiosyncratic knowledge within the multinational corporation (MNC). The authors examine the dual embeddedness challenges of foreign subsidiaries based in the context of Iran as a transitional market.

Design/methodology/approach

The final sample includes 144 active foreign subsidiaries in Iran from across a broad range of industries. A structured questionnaire was distributed to firms and structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the results.

Findings

The findings reveal how building external embeddedness in an environment with potentially poor access to valuable knowledge, and risk of knowledge leakage impacts the subsidiary’s ability to subsequently transfer this knowledge within the MNC. The authors identify the significance of absorptive capacity as a way for the subsidiary to access knowledge from and share knowledge with firms in the local market.

Originality/value

Departing from existing work on subsidiary embeddedness in developed markets, the authors reveal how competence creating subsidiaries manage dual embeddedness and knowledge transfer in transition economies that are low in knowledge stocks. The authors unpack how subsidiary absorptive capacity enables access to local knowledge in a transitional market and increases reverse knowledge transfer in the MNC. In doing so, the authors answer calls for work on the dynamic and complementary relationships that exists between subsidiary dual embeddedness, absorptive capacity and knowledge sourcing in less open markets. Focusing on Iran as a transitional economy, this study provides greater contextual nuance to the extant literature on subsidiary dual embeddedness.
Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management works—How switching from mobile to static fishing gear improves populations of fished and non‐fished species inside a marine‐protected area
Authors: Davies Bede F. R. , Holmes Luke , Rees Adam , Attrill Martin J. , Cartwright Amy Y. , Sheehan Emma V.
Published: September 2021

Designated using a Statutory Instrument in 2008, Lyme Bay marine‐protected area (MPA) is the UK's first and largest example of an ambitious, whole‐site approach to management, to recover and protect reef biodiversity. The whole‐site approach applies consistent management, in this case excluding bottom towed fishing, across the full 206 km2 extent of the MPA, thus protecting a mosaic of reef‐associated habitats from regular damage, while still allowing less destructive fishing methods, such as static gear, rod and line, and diving.

To assess the effectiveness of this management strategy for mobile taxa and the sustainability for those taxa that continue to be targeted, Exploited and Non‐Exploited species' populations were compared inside the MPA, relative to open control sites spanning 11 of the 12 years of designation. baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVs) were deployed annually to assess mobile benthic and demersal fauna.

Overall, the number of taxa significantly increased in the MPA relative to the open controls while total abundance increased in both treatments.

Exploited fish showed increases in number of taxa (430%) and total abundance (370%) inside the MPA over 11 years.

Likewise, but to a lesser degree in the open controls, number of taxa of commercially Exploited fish increased over time, potentially showing ‘spillover’ effects from the MPA.

Non‐Exploited fish did not show such changes. Regardless of constituting the majority of the fishery value, highly valuable Exploited invertebrates showed no significant changes over time.

Synthesis and applications. The Lyme Bay marine‐protected area shows importance of protecting a whole site, comprising mosaics of different benthic habitats, through protection of sessile organisms that contribute to essential fish habitats. This Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management can benefit and maintain sustainable fisheries and species of conservation importance.
Mutations in surface‐sensing receptor WspA lock the Wsp signal transduction system into a constitutively active state
Authors: Xu Anming , Wang Di , Wang Yunhao , Zhang Li , Xie Zhensheng , Cui Yifan , Bhamse Pramod , Yu Haiying , Zhang Xue‐Xian , Li Defeng , Ma Luyan Z.
Published: September 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa rugose small‐colony variants (RSCVs) are frequently isolated from chronic infections, yet, they are rarely reported in environmental isolates. Here, during the comparative genomic analysis of two P. aeruginosa strains isolated from crude oil, we discovered a spontaneous in‐frame deletion, wspAΔ280–307, which led to hyper‐biofilm and RSCV phenotypes. WspA is a homologue of methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) that senses surfaces to regulate biofilm formation by stimulating cyclic‐di‐guanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP) synthesis through the Wsp system. However, the methylation sites of WspA have never been identified. In this study, we identified E280 and E294 of WspA as methylation sites. The wspAΔ280–307 mutation enabled the Wsp system to lock into a constitutively active state that is independent of regulation by methylation. The result is an enhanced production of c‐di‐GMP. Sequence alignment revealed three conserved repeat sequences within the amino acid residues 280–313 (aa280–313) region of WspA homologues, suggesting that a spontaneous deletion within this DNA encoding region was likely a result of intragenic recombination and that similar mutations might occur in several related bacterial genera. Our results provide a plausible explanation for the selection of RSCVs and a mechanism to confer a competitive advantage for P. aeruginosa in a crude‐oil environment.
State‐like and state dislike in the anthropological margins★
Authors: Scheele Judith
Published: September 2021

This article argues for a return to the study of non‐state political institutions, and for the need to free them from their association with locally circumscribed, unmarked, or even ‘unthought’ practice. There are several reasons for this. On the one hand, there is a growing interest beyond anthropology in non‐state political arrangements, whether they are described negatively, as the result of ‘state failure’, or positively. On the other, a focus on the ‘non‐state’, historical and contemporary, opens up crucial perspectives on ‘the state’, and, through it, on questions of different regimes of historicity and region formation. In other words, it might provide insights into political anthropology as a study of shared thought and imagination, beyond ideal‐types of modern bureaucratic governance. This is what this article attempts to do, with special reference to North African and Saharan examples.
Patient administrative burden in the US health care system
Authors: Kyle Michael Anne , Frakt Austin B.
Published: September 2021

Objective

To assess the prevalence of patient administrative tasks and whether they are associated with delayed and/or foregone care.

Data Source

March 2019 Health Reform Monitoring Survey.

Study Design

We assess the prevalence of five common patient administrative tasks—scheduling, obtaining information, prior authorizations, resolving billing issues, and resolving premium problems—and associated administrative burden, defined as delayed and/or foregone care. Using multivariate logistic models, we examined the association of demographic characteristics with odds of doing tasks and experiencing burdens. Our outcome variables were five common types of administrative tasks as well as composite measures of any task, any delayed care, any foregone care, and any burden (combined delayed/foregone), respectively.

Data Collection

We developed and administered survey questions to a nationally representative sample of insured, nonelderly adults (n = 4155).

Principal Findings

The survey completion rate was 62%. Seventy‐three percent of respondents reported performing at least one administrative task in the past year. About one in three task‐doers, or 24.4% of respondents overall, reported delayed or foregone care due to an administrative task: Adjusted for demographics, disability status had the strongest association with administrative tasks (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.91, p < 0.001) and burden (adjusted OR 1.66, p < 0.001). Being a woman was associated with doing administrative tasks (adjusted OR 2.19, p < 0.001). Being a college graduate was associated with performing an administrative task (adjusted OR 2.79, p < 0.001), while higher income was associated with fewer subsequent burdens (adjusted OR 0.55, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Patients frequently do administrative tasks that can create burdens resulting in delayed/foregone care. The prevalence of delayed/foregone care due to administrative tasks is comparable to similar estimates of cost‐related barriers to care. Demographic disparities in burden warrant further attention. Enhancing measurement of patient administrative work and associated burdens may identify opportunities for assessing quality, value, and patient experience.
Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 in behavioral thermoregulation of the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus
Authors: WEN Jing , BO Tingbei , ZHAO Zhijun , WANG Dehua
Published: September 2021

Ambient temperature considerably affects the physiology and behavior of mammals. Thermosensory and thermoregulatory abilities play an important role in the response to changing ambient temperature in endotherms. However, the molecular mechanisms of behavioral thermoregulation remain poorly understood. Transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) is activated by changes in ambient temperature and is involved in acute thermoregulation. Here, we aimed to determine whether TRPV1 is involved in behavioral thermoregulation in wild rodents by conducting 2 experiments. In the first, 42 adult Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus; 14 per treatment) were randomly assigned to 3 housing temperatures (4, 23, and 36°C) for 4 weeks. In the second, 20 gerbils (10 per treatment) were randomly injected with capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) or AMG517 (TRPV1 antagonist). The results showed a significant decrease in food intake and non‐shivering thermogenesis in the gerbils housed at 36°C. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the preference of gerbils housed at 4°C to low temperatures. The expression of TRPV1 protein in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver was significantly positively correlated with that of protein kinase A (PKA). The expression of TRPV1 and PKA proteins in the BAT was positively correlated with the temperature preference of the gerbils. The gerbils injected with capsaicin preferred significantly lower temperatures than the control group gerbils. These findings suggest that TRPV1 and PKA are involved in behavioral thermoregulation in Mongolian gerbils.
Maternal egg care enhances hatching success and offspring quality in an oviparous skink
Authors: LU Hongliang , WANG Jie , KANG Chunquan , DU Weiguo
Published: September 2021

Maternal egg‐caring behavior can often be observed in oviparous scincid lizards. The expression of such behavior is predictably affected by the trade‐off between its resultant costs and benefits for mothers and/or offspring, which has been investigated in only a few scincid species. Here, post‐ovipositional Plestiodon chinensis females were treated to care for their egg clutches without interference, under simulated predation pressure, or to be care‐deprived. Potential maternal costs and offspring benefits associated with egg‐caring behavior were then evaluated by measuring changes in maternal body condition, egg mortality, and hatchling performance. Egg‐caring behavior caused post‐ovipositional females to participate less in outside‐nest activity, eat less food, and show relatively poorer body conditions at egg hatching. By contrast, compared with care‐deprived females, egg‐caring females gained mass slightly faster, and achieved a similar body condition within a few months of hatching. Eggs that were cared for by their mothers were more likely to hatch and produced larger, faster‐running and better‐growing hatchlings with higher survival than uncared‐for eggs. Simulated exposure to a potential predator had no distinct impact on maternal egg‐caring behavior expression and offspring performance. These results indicated that marked benefits of offspring viability but minor maternal energy costs might play a decisive role in the occurrence of maternal egg‐caring behavior in P. chinensis.
Increased mitochondrial calcium uptake and concomitant mitochondrial activity by presenilin loss promotes mTORC1 signaling to drive neurodegeneration
Authors: Ryan Kerry C. , Ashkavand Zahra , Sarasija Shaarika , Laboy Jocelyn T. , Samarakoon Rohan , Norman Kenneth R.
Published: September 2021

Metabolic dysfunction and protein aggregation are common characteristics that occur in age‐related neurodegenerative disease. However, the mechanisms underlying these abnormalities remain poorly understood. We have found that mutations in the gene encoding presenilin in Caenorhabditis elegans, sel‐12, results in elevated mitochondrial activity that drives oxidative stress and neuronal dysfunction. Mutations in the human presenilin genes are the primary cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. Here, we demonstrate that loss of SEL‐12/presenilin results in the hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway. This hyperactivation is caused by elevated mitochondrial calcium influx and, likely, the associated increase in mitochondrial activity. Reducing mTORC1 activity improves proteostasis defects and neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with loss of SEL‐12 function. Consistent with high mTORC1 activity, we find that SEL‐12 loss reduces autophagosome formation, and this reduction is prevented by limiting mitochondrial calcium uptake. Moreover, the improvements of proteostasis and neuronal defects in sel‐12 mutants due to mTORC1 inhibition require the induction of autophagy. These results indicate that mTORC1 hyperactivation exacerbates the defects in proteostasis and neuronal function in sel‐12 mutants and demonstrate a critical role of presenilin in promoting neuronal health.
Follow friends to invest: evidence from the information role of weak ties
Authors: Geng Chunxiao , Xiao Tusheng , Yuan Chun , Zhang Yanan
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the information role of weak ties in inter‐regional investments. We find that firms are more likely to engage in inter‐regional investments when firms in the same region but in different industries have previously invested in that area. The information effect of weak ties is more pronounced when firms’ exposure to weak ties is higher, investor cities are less developed, and investee cities are more opaque. And firms mainly acquire soft information through weak ties. Finally, the shared information through weak ties facilitates investments to be better matched in investor firm’s business style, and improves investment performance.
Lion reintroduction demonstrates that resident cheetah have a spatially reactive response to lion
Authors: Cornhill Kristina L. , Kelly Chris , Kerley Graham I. H.
Published: September 2021

Competition occurs between species for shared resources and the subordinate species can reduce this by avoiding competitors, either proactively or reactively. Cheetah are subordinate members of the African large carnivore guild, vulnerable to losing resources or being killed by larger carnivores. We directly investigate how cheetah space and habitat use are affected by the reintroduction of lion 9 years after cheetah reintroduction. We explored whether cheetah respond on the spatial scale proactively (contracting home range, low overlap and differences in habitat use), reactively (located further than expected at random from lions) or did not respond to lion presence at given monitoring points. We found that there was no difference in cheetah habitat use nor their home range/core area size. Moreover, cheetah home range/core areas overlapped extensively with that of lions. Revealingly, cheetah were located further than expected at random from lions. Our results support a reactive response by cheetah to lion presence. Using this unplanned experiment, we were able to grow our knowledge on the competition occurring between these two large carnivores, by determining that lions did not displace cheetah except on the fine scale. These results can also be of particular use for managers of reserves or metapopulations who are trying to conserve both species sympatrically.
Factors that influence workplace location choices in the different allied health professions: A systematic review
Authors: Couch Anna , Menz Hylton B. , Coker Freya , White Jenni , Haines Terry , Williams Cylie
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The maldistribution of health care workers between metropolitan, rural or remote areas is globally recognised. Allied health professional's workplace location choice is a complex interplay between professional and non‐professional elements. Policy‐makers should understand factors that influence workplace location choices when designing structures to attract allied health professionals to rural practice.

Objective

To determine factors influencing recruitment and retention of allied health professionals in metropolitan, rural and remote locations.

Design

Systematic review.

Findings

Twenty‐two studies met inclusion criteria. Extracted data were synthesised into subthemes: (a) opportunities for career development, (b) clinical load, (c) organisational and workplace structure, (d) previous location exposure and (e) personal factors. Of these 22 studies, 12 reported organisational/workplace structure and personal factors positively impacting recruitment and 11 studies discussed organisational and workplace structure also negatively impacting on retention. Career opportunities positively impacted on recruitment, while lack of opportunity negatively affected retention. Previous location exposure positively impacted recruitment however had limited impact on retention. Similarly, a diverse clinical load was reported as being attractive during recruitment, but unmanageable caseloads affected retention.

Discussion

This review identifies the need for effective and sustainable solutions for the issues with recruitment and retention of allied health professionals. While the different allied health professions share similar recruitment and retention challenges, further research is needed to isolate factors impacting each discipline.

Conclusions

Retention and recruitment of different allied health professions is multifactorial. Organisational and workplace structure and opportunities for career development emerged as having impact on the recruitment of allied health professionals.
The impact of bridging therapy prior to CD19‐directed chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in patients with large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Lutfi Forat , Holtzman Noa G. , Kansagra Ankit J. , Mustafa Ali Moaath , Bukhari Ali , Yan Jingsheng , Samanta Santanu , Gottlieb David , Kim Dong W. , Matsumoto Lisa R. , Gahres Natalie , Ruehle Kathleen , Hankey Kim G. , Douglas Tracy , Lee Seung T. , Law Jennie Y. , Kocoglu Mehmet H. , Atanackovic Djordje , Yared Jean A. , Hardy Nancy M. , Molitoris Jason , Mohindra Pranshu , Rapoport Aaron P. , Dahiya Saurabh
Published: September 2021

In the relapsed/refractory setting for treatment of large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL), chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy has emerged as an effective treatment modality. Patients often have aggressive disease that requires prompt treatment in the form of bridging therapy (BT) for disease stabilisation while CAR‐T cells are manufactured. Patients (n = 75) undergoing CAR‐T therapy infusion for LBCL at our institution were identified. A total of 52 (69·3%) received BT and 23 (30·7%) received no BT (NBT). BT modalities included systemic BT (SBT) in 28 patients, radiation BT (RBT) in 14, and high‐dose steroid BT (HDS) in 10. There was no difference in incidence of cytokine release syndrome or immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome between BT and NBT (P = 0·18 and P = 0·53 respectively). Prolonged cytopenias at Day 180 were more common in BT than NBT (50% vs. 13·3%, P = 0·04). The SBT and RBT subgroups had more cytopenias at Day 180 compared to the HDS and NBT subgroups (58·3% and 57·1% vs. 20% and 13·3% respectively, P = 0·04). Disease response at last follow‐up, progression‐free survival and overall survival were similar between BT, NBT, and BT subgroups. In summary, BT can be safely considered in patients undergoing CAR‐T therapy. However, those undergoing BT with SBT or RBT are at higher risk of prolonged cytopenias after CAR‐T therapy.
Can ‘we’ share the contested territory with ‘them’? Shared territorial ownership perceptions and reconciliation intentions in Kosovo
Authors: Storz Nora , Martinović Borja , Maloku Edona , Žeželj Iris
Published: September 2021

Territorial ownership claims are central to many interethnic conflicts and can constitute an obstacle to conflict resolution and reconciliation. However, people in conflict areas might also have a perception that the territory simultaneously belongs to one’s ingroup and the rival outgroup. We expected such perceptions of shared ownership to be related to higher reconciliation intentions. We examined this expectation in relation to the territory of Kosovo among random national samples of Albanians and Serbs from Kosovo, and Serbs from Serbia (Study 1, total N = 995). In general, participants perceived low levels of shared ownership, however, shared ownership perceptions were positively related to reconciliation intentions in Kosovo. In Study 2 (total N = 375), we experimentally manipulated shared ownership (vs. ingroup ownership) and found that shared ownership elicited stronger reconciliation intentions. It is concluded that fostering a sense of shared ownership can be important for improving intergroup relations in post‐conflict settings.
The biochemical diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency with modern cortisol assays: Reappraisal in the setting of opioid exposure and hospitalization
Authors: Colling Caitlin , Nachtigall Lisa , Biller Beverly M. K. , Miller Karen K.
Published: September 2021

Objective

We aimed to (1) examine the diagnosis of opioid‐induced adrenal insufficiency, and (2) investigate the diagnostic value of a morning cortisol <83 nmol/L (3 µg/dl) for the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency, using newer more specific cortisol assays and cut‐offs.

Design

Retrospective study (5/2015–10/2020).

Participants

Cohort 1 (N = 75): adults who underwent cosyntropin stimulation testing and opioid exposure for >30 days. Cohort 2 (N = 854): adults, with or without opioid exposure, who had a morning cortisol level measured the same day as stimulation testing.

Measurements

Peak cortisol during cosyntropin stimulation testing. Sensitivity and specificity of morning serum cortisol for adrenal insufficiency.

Results

The prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in patients with chronic opioid exposure who underwent cosyntropin stimulation testing was 4.0% using a cortisol cutoff of <405 nmol/L (14.7 µg/dl) versus 19% using the traditional cutoff of <500 nmol/L (18.1 µg/dl). For hospitalized patients with and without opioid‐exposure, 14 of 22 (64%) patients with morning cortisol levels of <83 nmol/L (3 µg/dl) passed cosyntropin stimulation testing. A morning cortisol level of <348 nmol/L (12.6 µg/dl) had 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval: 84.5%–100%) for the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.

Conclusion

Applying a cutoff of <405 nmol/L (14.7 µg/dl), opioid‐induced adrenal insufficiency is rare. Nearly 1 out of 6 patients would be reclassified as having adrenal insufficiency applying the guideline‐recommended cutoff of <500 nmol/L (18.1 µg/dl). Serum morning cortisol <83 nmol/L (3 µg/dl) is not a valid diagnostic test for adrenal insufficiency in hospitalized patients, whether or not receiving opioids.
Better off alone? Comparing the substance use, mental health and trauma risks of youth alcohol and other drug service users either living in out of home care, living with parents or experiencing homelessness
Authors: Hallam Karen T. , Fernandes Marilia , Pavlis Alexia
Published: September 2021

Introduction

All young people seeking assistance from youth alcohol and other drug services require support to help them minimise the harms from their substance use and continue to develop healthy and meaningful lives. A particular focus on young people in residential out of home care (OoHC) highlights the increased risks of substance use, mental health issues and continued vulnerabilities in this group. While in the past, research contrasted this group with young people living at home, this study contrasted young people in OoHC with homeless youths alongside those living with parents.

Methods

The research contrasted these three groups of young people on substance use profiles, mental health and wellbeing and vulnerability to abuse (historic and current) in the Youth Needs Census conducted in Victoria and Queensland over 2013–2017.

Results

The results demonstrate a clear risk of increased casual and daily methamphetamine use in the homeless youth group and occasional heroin use in the OoHC group. Mental health measures for both the OoHC and homeless youths were worse than the young people living at home. Trauma was similarly higher in these groups, with both historical and ongoing risks of violent crime for homeless youths.

Discussion and Conclusions

The results demonstrate the similar and serious health and wellbeing risks facing both youths in residential OoHC and homeless youths. These results are concerning as one of these groups is ostensibly in the care of the community and government, while the other group is experiencing unstable accommodation and associated physical risks.
Understanding skeletal muscle in cerebral palsy: a path to personalized medicine?
Authors: Howard Jason J , Graham Kerr , Shortland Adam P
Published: September 2021

Until recently, there has been little interest in understanding the intrinsic features associated with the pathomorphology of skeletal muscle in cerebral palsy (CP). Coupled with emerging evidence that challenges the role of spasticity as a determinant of gross motor function and in the development of fixed muscle contractures, it has become increasingly important to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for muscle alterations in CP. This knowledge can help clinicians to understand and apply treatment modalities that take these aspects into account. Thus, the inherent heterogeneity of the CP phenotype allows for the potential of personalized medicine through the understanding of muscle pathomorphology on an individual basis and tailoring treatment approaches accordingly. This review aims to summarize recent developments in the understanding of CP muscle and their relationship to musculoskeletal manifestations, in addition to proposing a treatment paradigm that incorporates this new knowledge.
Interference with prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal brain development is associated with a high risk for autism and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kraegeloh‐Mann Ingeborg
Published: September 2021

This commentary is on the original article by Påhlman et al. on pages 63–69 of this issue.
Combining virtual reality and 3D‐printed models to simulate patient‐specific dental operative procedures—A study exploring student perceptions
Authors: Towers Ashley , Dixon Jonathan , Field James , Martin Rachel , Martin Nicolas
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Students face a number of challenges in translating the skills acquired in pre‐clinical simulation environments to the delivery of real patient care. These are particularly emphasised for complex operative procedures such as tooth preparations for indirect restorations. This paper reports student perceptions of a novel approach designed to improving student confidence when undertaking operative procedures on patients for the first time, by providing patient‐specific simulation using virtual reality (VR) and 3D‐printed models of the student's real clinical case.

Materials and Methods

Students practised on patient‐specific models, in the presence of a clinical tutor, firstly using VR simulation then with 3D‐printed models in a clinical skills laboratory. The students then carried out the operative procedure on their patients, on the third occasion of practice. After providing the treatment for their patients, students attended a semi‐structured interview to discuss their experiences. The qualitative data were analysed using two forms of inductive analysis.

Results

Students most frequently cited: the value of the educator, increased confidence and efficiency during the clinical procedure, improved patient confidence and the complementary benefits of the two simulation modalities.

Thematic analysis of participants' responses uncovered five key themes:

The value of virtual reality dental simulators

The value of clinical skills laboratory simulation with 3D‐printed models

The value of educator engagement

The impact on the clinical procedure and the patient

The VR and clinical skills laboratory balance

Conclusion

This paper reports the early findings of an intervention that improves dental student confidence through the use of patient‐specific VR exercises and 3D‐printed models. These provided an incremental learning experience for an operative clinical procedure, prior to treatment of the live patient. Early results suggest this is a positive experience for the students, providing a valuable contribution to their confidence and preparedness.
Hybridity and conflicting logics—and what if not? A historical exploration of a XIV–XVI century social entity in Venice
Authors: Lusiani Maria , Pancot Chiara , Vedovato Marco
Published: September 2021

This paper sets out to explore how hybrid organizations managed their established institutional complexity in the past, and what place was there for accounting in this endeavor. The paper draws on a historical case study of how a social entity operated in 14th–16th‐century Venice. Ca’ di Dio, a hospice providing hospitality and care to poor women, is what today we would call a “hybrid organization,” in that it was born at the crossroads of ecclesiastic and public jurisdictions, it was autonomously administered, self‐financed through commercial activities, but operated within the public control of the State. It will be found that Ca’ di Dio worked within a complex arrangement of multiple logics, that these logics coexisted without particular tension or conflict, and that accounting was a central practice to manage Ca’ di Dio activities, despite its noncommercial nature. The paper thus, while contributing to documenting the presence of hybrid organizations in the past, also questions the presupposed tension and conflict in logics that these organizations are thought to come with. Finally, it also documents the trivial, but overlooked, role of accounting as primarily a calculative tool for everyday management in hybrid organizations.
Gabapentinoid use in French most precarious populations: Insight from Lyon Permanent Access to Healthcare (PASS) units, 2016—1Q2021
Authors: Chappuy Mathieu , Nourredine Mikail , Clerc Bertrand , Fahmi Morgan , Misslin Pauline , Berthier Maude , Laloi Louise , Rolland Benjamin
Published: September 2021

Background

Gabapentinoids (i.e., gabapentin and pregabalin) are medications approved for epilepsy, chronic pain, or generalized anxiety disorder. Recently, there have been regular reports of misuse of pregabalin, and to a lesser extent, gabapentin, in particular among opioid and polydrug users.

Objectives

To longitudinally explore the amounts of gabapentinoids dispensed in Lyon's Permanent Access to Healthcare (PASS) units, which offer permanent and free healthcare to precarious populations with no healthcare insurance coverage.

Methods

We collected the amounts of pregabalin and gabapentin dispensed in the three PASS units of Lyon and calculated the average doses dispensed monthly between 2016 and the first quarter of 2021 (1Q2021), with and without adjustment for the number of dispensing visits.

Results

The total doses of gabapentinoid dispensed every month in Lyon's PASS units displayed a 1233% increase for pregabalin, and a 1185% increase for gabapentin, between 2016 and 1Q2021. When adjusted for the number of visits, this increase reached a factor of 8.5 for pregabalin and 8.3 for gabapentin, respectively. However, while the increase in pregabalin dispensing was constant throughout the study period, gabapentin total dispensed doses were more fluctuating over time, and the rise of dispensations was thus less straightforward.

Conclusion

Our study reveals a local but substantial increase in gabapentinoid use in populations with no social insurance. These findings should be confirmed more widely and plead for the systematic collection of anonymous patient data in free healthcare centers in France.
There is no ‘I’ in team: An analysis of audit partner narcissism from the team aspect
Authors: Takada Tomomi , Lau David , Casterella Jeffrey R. , Wong Norman
Published: September 2021

We investigate the relation between the degree of audit partner narcissism and income‐increasing earnings management of client firms at both the individual and team levels of analysis in Japan. With the use of the size of audit partner signatures as a proxy for the degree of narcissism, we find that audit partner narcissism is negatively related to income‐increasing earnings management. Our team level of analysis shows that audit team partner narcissism is also negatively related to income‐increasing earnings management. When an audit engagement team has more than one narcissistic partner, we establish that narcissism is only effective in constraining income‐increasing earnings management if the lead partner in the team is narcissistic. Furthermore, our team level of analysis shows that the size of the engagement team has a moderating effect on lead partner narcissism, suggesting that narcissistic leaders tend to behave differently in larger teams.
Data‐driven bioregionalization: A seascape‐scale study of macrobenthic communities in the Eurasian Arctic
Authors: Pantiukhin Dmitrii , Piepenburg Dieter , Hansen Miriam L. S. , Kraan Casper
Published: September 2021

Aim

We conduct the first model‐based assessment of the biogeographical subdivision of Eurasian Arctic seas to (1) delineate spatial distribution and boundaries of macrobenthic communities on a seascape level; (2) assess the significance of environmental drivers of macrobenthic community structures; (3) compare our modelling results to historical biogeographical classifications; and (4) couple the model to climate scenarios of environmental changes to project potential shifts in the distribution and composition of macrobenthic communities by 2100.

Location

Eurasian Arctic seas, in particular Barents, Kara and Laptev Seas.

Taxon

169 species of macrobenthic fauna; most common taxa are Polychaeta (85 species), Malacostraca (30 species), Bivalvia (26 species) and Gastropoda (10 species).

Methods

We employed the Region of Common Profile (RCP) approach to assess the bioregionalization patterns of Eurasian Arctic seafloor communities. The RCP approach allows the identification of seascape‐scale distribution patterns by simultaneously considering biotic and environmental data within one modelling step.

Results

Four RCPs were identified within the Eurasian Arctic. The results showed that water depth, sea‐ice cover, bottom‐water temperature and salinity, proportion of fine sediments, particulate organic carbon (POC) and depth of the euphotic zone were among the most important driving variables of macrobenthos communities. The projections, driven by the climate‐change scenarios, suggested a general north‐eastward shift of the RCPs over the 21st century, mainly correlated with retreating sea‐ice and increasing sea‐bottom temperature.

Main conclusions

The identified RCPs largely match the previously reported large‐scale distribution patterns of macrobenthic communities in Eurasian Arctic seas. The spatio‐temporal dynamics of RCPs are in agreement with local long‐term observation data on macrobenthic resilience/vulnerability in the studied region. The representation of the ecoregions and biotas in a probabilistic form, together with quantitative assessment of potential climate‐driven changes, will help to adequately consider macrobenthic biodiversity dynamics in the development of science‐based conservation measures.