bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is a species distribution model output reliable to test niche limitation at the northern range limit of a Pacific coastal dune plant?
Authors: Grubel Jacqueline
Published: April 2021

Jacqueline Grubel* and Christopher G. Eckert (Faculty Supporter)

It is widely thought that the size, shape and location of a species’ geographical distribution are a spatial expression of its realized niche, and this assumption is central to evolutionary biology, biogeography and conservation. Yet, the hypothesis that geographical range limits are niche limits is not well supported by experimental translocations of species beyond their range limits. Beyond range populations often exhibit fitness high enough for self-replacement. In contrast, environmental niche models based on bioclimatic data often suggest a decline in habitat suitability beyond range limits, thereby supporting niche limitation. However very few studies have evaluated whether species distribution models (SDMs) accurately predict the viability of populations in nature, and scant results to date are not supportive. Long-term transplant with the short-lived, Pacific costal dune endemic plant Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia (Onagraceae) suggest that populations are viable beyond the northern range limit over multiple generations. We constructed an SDM based on a large range-wide database of species records plus standard bioclimatic variables and substrate type. We also included sea surface temperature, which greatly modifies the climate of dune habitat. Preliminary results suggest that our SDM reliably predicts the fitness of experimental populations. However, both approaches indicate that something other than niche limitation enforces the northern range limit of this species. Results from this well-studied dune plant suggest that range limitation via constraints on dispersal may play an important role in limiting northern range expansion.
Translation of the grammatical meaning of past tense forms in a professional text (on the example of the railroad theme)
Authors: Dmitrieva Elizaveta Igorevna , Grubin Il'ya Valentinovich , Kudryavtseva Elena Viktorovna , Pluzhnikova Irina Ivanovna
Published: April 2021

The subject of this article is the grammatical category of tense. The majority of linguists tend to define tense, the ratio of action to the moment of speech. The object of this research is the ways of translating past tense forms from English to Russian. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of functionality of the forms of expression of past tense in a professional text and translation techniques. The sentences selected via method of continuous sampling from online publications dedicated to the topic of transport, served as the material for this research. Analysis is conducted on 5,680 sentences. Examination of the language material employs the method of continuous sampling and quantitative analysis is used. Despite the fact that the grammatical category of tense in both English and Russian languages is well studied, translation of the category of tense has not been scrutinized within the framework of linguistic translation studies, which substantiates the relevance of this work. The novelty lies in systematization and quantitative description of the techniques of translation past tense forms from English to Russian. It is established that there are three main techniques of translating past tense forms into Russian: 1) using nonverbal means or infinitive verbs; 2) using nonpast tense forms; 3) using past tense forms. The choice of perfective or imperfective verb in translation is determined by the presence of additional grammatical meanings in the tense, as well as the context
The role of AI and machine learning in contemporary orthodontics
Authors: Retrouvey Jean-Marc
Published: April 2021

In the past 20 years, the orthodontic profession has adopted digital technologies such as computer-assisted tooth movement, automated staged dental aligner production, and 3D simulations. Until recently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) was limited to narrow intelligence and supervised “learning” such as automated cephalometric point recognition, segmentation of teeth from 3D files, and staging of orthodontic treatment. The next step will be to create neural networks based on general intelligence (the human intelligence is considered general intelligence), where the network using powerful computers and complex algorithms will “learn” orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning to suggest the most appropriate treatment plan for optimized treatments and more predictable outcomes. The objectives of this paper are to describe the state of the art in AI and orthodontics and explore potential avenues for future developments and applications.
İzolasyon ve karantinanın ruh sağlığı üzerine etkileri
Authors: ASLAN Eda , TÜRKİLİ Seda
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 hastalığına yol açan SARS-CoV-2 (şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu koronavirüsü 2) virüsü yaklaşık 1 yıldır tüm dünya gündeminin en önemli konusudur. Koronavirüs pandemisi fiziksel, ruhsal, sosyal, ekonomik ve daha birçok yönden yıkıcı etkilere sebep olmuştur ve bu yıkıcı etkileri devam etmektedir. Çok eski tarihlerden bu yana salgınlardan korunmak için kullanılan karantina ve izolasyon yöntemleri ise pandeminin başından bu yana hayatımızın ayrılmaz bir parçası olup hâlâ salgınlardan korunmanın en etkin yöntemlerinden birisidir. Salgınlarda etkisi kanıtlanmış olan bu yöntem diğer yandan biyopsikososyal birçok olumsuz etkisini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Karantina dolayısıyla çalışamama ve kazancın azalması, aile içi şiddette artış, artmış çocuk ihmali/istismarı, alkol-madde kullanımında artış, damgalanma, sağlık çalışanları üzerindeki baskı ve iş yükünde artış, diğer fiziksel hastalıkların kontrolünün yapılamaması ve tedaviye ulaşamamaya bağlı kronik hastalıkların oluşturdukları sekeller, yaşlıların temel ihtiyaçlarını gidermelerindeki zorluklar ve sosyal geri çekilme kişilerde sıkıntı hissi, öfke, sinirlilik, kaygı gibi hayatın pek çok yönünü etkileyen önemli ruhsal etkilenime ve depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu gibi bir çok ruhsal bozukluğun ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmaktadır. Pandemi dönemlerinde ortaya çıkan ruhsal sorunların pandemi bittikten sonra da aylarca devam ettiği ve kişilerin işlevselliğini ve dolayısıyla toplumun işlevselliğini bozduğu geçmişte yapılan birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir. Böylesine dramatik sonuçlara sebep olma riski taşıyan karantina ve izolasyonun başarılı bir şekilde yönetilmesi için yöneticilerin halka yönelik şeffaf bilgilendirme yapması, özel grupta yer alan kişilerin temel ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesi ve koruyucu ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin güçlendirilmesi önem arz etmektedir.
Information Flows Concerning Human Rights Protection in the Digital Representation Structure of Russians’ Civic Engagement in 2020: Results of Social Media Analysis
Authors: Dombrovskaya A.   Yu.
Published: April 2021

In the article, the author analysed the structural and content characteristics of the information flow, reflecting the discussion of the problems of protecting the individual’s rights in Russia as a type of civic activity of Russian Internet users. As a result of particular software use, the author accumulated a relevant array of social media document and the dynamics, the modality of the flow, its distribution across various social media, the gender and interpreted age composition of the human rights information audience flow. The author concluded that a sufficiently high potential for protest mobilization of this type of digital stream triggers top-starters of human rights discourse in social media to form non-constructive civic attitudes of Russians. Signs of a significant influence of the human rights stream, first of all, among the younger generation are shown. The author identified methods of using the most resonant events in Russian society’s socio-political life by online network opposition leaders to form unconventional Russians’ attitudes by placing these events in the context of a violation of individual rights. It predetermines a shift in meanings and meanings in the sphere of perception by Russian internet users of the ratio of rights and obligations citizens in the Russian Federation. The necessity of monitoring social and media streams representing the human rights theme in the structure of all streams reflecting the digital civic activity of Russian users is substantiated, the importance of accompanying these streams from the standpoint of creating alternative discourses aimed at overcoming the problem of undermining trust in existing government institutions and contributing to the formation of a culture of constructive civic activity of Russians in digital and offline environments.
Les conséquences du COVID-19 sur l’économie africaine
Authors: Mpouyi Ngouala N.
Published: April 2021

La situation pandémique de COVID-19 a non seulement occasionné une crise sanitaire mondiale, mais aussi une crise économique dans la plupart des pays du monde. [7] Tout a commencé en Décembre 2019 à Wuhan, une localité de la République populaire de Chine où un virus appelé Coronavirus a été découvert avant de se répandre partout dans le monde entier quelques mois plus tard. Ce fut le début d’une période obscure pour l’humanité, et pour l’Afrique, qui a enregistré son premier cas de COVID-19 le 14 Février 2020 en Égypte. Selon le programme des Nations-Unies pour le développement (PNUD), la pandémie de COVID-19 est la plus grande crise sanitaire mondiale auquel l’humanité ait été confrontée depuis la seconde guerre mondiale (https://www africa undp org/content/rba/en/home/coronavirus html) et l’Afrique n’en reste pas à l’écart de cette declaration. Ce sujet est d’une importance fondamentale pour le monde entire en général, et pour le continent africain en particulier, d’autant plus que cette pandémie touche toutes les couches sociales et économiques du continent; mettant l’économie des pays africains en position inconfortable. [16] C’est un grand défi auquel l’Afrique doit faire face. Cet article a pour but de d’aborder l’impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les économies africaines. Pour ce faire, il serait judicieux d’analyser les données et statistiques de la pandemie COVID-19 en Afrique en s’appuyant sur les decisions poliques et economiques, supports, articles et rapports disponibles sur la question de la pandémie de COVID-19 en Afrique.
The Role of the Security Forces in Times of political Turbulence
Authors: Kulakova N.  N.
Published: April 2021

The power structures are an indispensable tool, the state power system’s resource and a significant factor determining the relationship and outcome of the conflict between the government and society in a period of internal political turbulence. Periods of instability and uncertainty are traditionally accompanied by security officials’ presence in the bowels of power and participation in the struggle for it. At present, the world is faced with choosing one of several possible trajectories for further development. World globalisation and the network revolution increase an individual’s capabilities and importance, and a “man with a gun” a priori, in the historical process. Modern realities of international relations stimulate the existence and strengthening of power structures as state power instruments. Domestic challenges and events in several countries of the world, which actively declared themselves in 2020–2021, force them to rethink the possibility of using law enforcement agencies in resolving internal political conflict situations, as well as the need to conduct an analytical assessment of possible options for the actions of personnel associated with the use of armed violence during periods of intense political turbulence within states. The article substantiates the need for a prompt response of state authorities to changes in the country’s political situation. The author believes that the tendency to an increase in the importance of power structures, as a force exerting a decisive influence at the point of bifurcation on the choice of the direction of further development, requires not only awareness but adjustment of communication processes in the connection “state — power structures — civil society”.
New Forms of Scientific Interaction in the Era of Civilizational Shift
Authors: Klimova I.  I. , Kozlovtseva N.  A. , Konurbaev M.  E.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the results of the Ist International Conference “Linguistics of Distancing: ontology and evolution of language in the time of civilizational shift”. A wide range of issues was raised during the conference. The conference participants — specialists in linguistics, psychology, philology, cultural studies, anthropology, cognitive science, and history — shared their language changes observations. Over the past 50 years, humanity has gone from a global economic boom to a complete break in social groups and entire peoples’ relations, from globalization to regionalization, from world unity to the separation of peoples and cultures. The global coronavirus epidemic has changed the nature of human communication. The desire to expand its horizons remains, and of the available means of knowing the world of people, humanity has very little left — virtual communication channels. And the main thing is that instead of a “fulllength person”, the communication participants received almost one hundred per cent verbal information with nearly zero nonverbal information.
Comparative Characteristics of the Political Regimes of Germany in 1933–1945 and of Austria 1933–1938: The Experience of Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Zubov V. V.
Published: April 2021

The article offers interdisciplinary research based on historical science, social and political philosophy, sociology, cultural studies, general theoretical economics and presents a comparative characteristic of Germany’s political regimes in 1933– 1945 and Austria 1933–1938. Besides, the author solves tasks that make it possible to delimit such categories as Nazism, the Third Reich, fascism (Austrofascism), totalitarianism, authoritarianism, racism, leaderism, to show how much they are actually intertwined or, on the contrary, how disconnected and disconnected, that will allow avoiding incorrect identifications of the key categories of political science in the future, which will bring positive clarity to scientific discourse. Giving a new sound to the problem of political regimes and the distinction between authoritarianism and totalitarianism, classical for political science, the author criticizes the classical notion of a totalitarian regime It argues that it is precisely the posing of the question of the arbitrariness of state intervention that will determine totalitarianism and distinguish it from authoritarianism.
Political Culture of the Russian Students: Value-based, Figurative-symbolic and Behavioural Aspects
Authors: Evgenyeva T.  V. , Selezneva A.  V. , Antonov D.  E.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the political culture of the Russian youth as a generational community, whose socialization took place in the conditions of the post-Soviet political reality under the influence of traditional institutions and new digital factors. The study was conducted based on a political-psychological approach. The empirical base of the study was made up of the materials of the All-Russian representative survey. The authors identify and characterize the views of Russian students about the main socio-political institutions. The authors have identified significant behavioural dominants of the Russian student youth. There are trends towards moving into “virtual reality” and a decline in interest in actual political participation. The obtained scientific data can later be used as the basis for instrumental and technological support for the activities of state structures and public institutions implementing state youth policy.
On the Political Nature of “Market Dominance” in the Energy Sector (1973 Crisis)
Authors: Krutakov L.  V.
Published: April 2021

The article attempts to analyze the oil crisis of 1973 from the perspective of changes in the world financial system’s functioning. The author takes as the starting point of the crisis not the “oil embargo” of the Arab countries in response to the Yom Kippur War, but Richard Nixon’s decree of 1971 on the rejection of the gold fixing the dollar (Nixon Shock). The result was a transformation of the mechanisms and principles of the Bretton Woods system. According to the author, the economy and the socio-political model of the Western countries, subsequently (after the collapse of the socialist camp) of the whole world, underwent a transformation. The article’s relevance is due to the fundamental similarity of the parameters and characteristics of the world economy’s current crisis with the crisis of 1973, which gives the author reason to consider the current crisis a relapse. The author proves that the current global crisis is caused by the shortcomings and costs of the socio-economic model formed in 1973 On the agenda are the same questions and problems that were not answered 50 years ago.
On the Implementation of Policies and Measures in the Field of Economic Integration and Entrepreneurship within the Framework of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Kishkembaev A.  B.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the situation in the sphere of economic integration and entrepreneurship within the Eurasian Economic Union, related to the pandemic of coronavirus infection, proposed possible measures aimed at transforming the economy as a whole well as a gradual way out of the crisis. As a result of the implementation by most countries of the world of measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 virus infection, there was a drop in financial markets and commodities prices. It also caused a significant deterioration in the external situation for the EAEU. Forecasts of the situation indicate the beginning of the global recession, comparable in magnitude to the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009 (in an optimistic version) or the Great Depression of the 1930s (in a pessimistic scenario). In 2020, world trade was expected to contract by tens of per cent, a sharp drop in economic activity in the EU, a slowdown in China, which accounts for the bulk of foreign trade of the EAEU countries.
Responsibility for Media Content and the Problem of Censoring the Communication Space of Russia
Authors: Kaminskaya T.  L.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the Russian media discourse around the authorities’ significant legislative initiatives of the last two years concerning the media. In the context of law enforcement practice, the author of the article draws attention to the problems of censoring the new communication space created by social networks, instant messengers and algorithmic digital media platforms. These problems often include the lack of a clear delineation of concepts, for example, such as “insulting the authorities” and “fair criticism”, the level of forensic expertise and the “human factor” of Roskomnadzor. The article expresses the idea that the increasing number of laws related to media content is associated with the speed of digital communication transformations, which exceeds the authorities’ adaptive capabilities. In parallel with tightening legislation in the direction of control over online media platforms, the author also notes that the government appeals to digital platforms users as allies in the fight for content purity. Summing up the data of discourse analysis, media content analysis, as well as my own experience of participating in court proceedings as an expert linguist, the author concluded that the political effects of the adoption of laws on the media might not be related to the political objectives of the authorities, since they contrast with the values of a particular part of society.
Assessing the Ageing Impact on Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Sarsam Saad Issa
Published: April 2021

The fatigue life of asphalt concrete is often related to environmental condition, loading condition, ageing, material composition and  properties. This work investigates the influence of short and long term ageing of laboratory beam specimens, asphalt content, and testing temperature on fatigue life of asphalt concrete wearing course. Slab samples of (30 x 40x 6) cm have been prepared, beam specimens of (40x 5x 6) cm were cut from the asphalt concrete slab samples. Beam specimens were tested for fatigue life under the influence of three levels of micro strain (250, 400, and [3]750) at (5, 20, and 30) °C before and after practicing long-term aging. It was observed that the fatigue life decreases by (85 and 97) %, (87.5 and 97.4) %, (71.4 and 95.2) % after increasing the applied microstrain from (250 to 400 and 750) μƐ for control mixture and for mixtures subjected to short-and long-term ageing processes respectively. The fatigue life increases by (142.8 and 257.1) %, (34.4 and 57.8) % and (10 and 30) % when the asphalt content increases from (4.4 to 4.9 and 5.4) % for specimens practicing the applied microstrain of (250, 400 and 750) μƐ respectively. It was concluded that the fatigue life increases by a range of (two to fifteen) folds when the testing temperature increases from (5 to 20 and 30)°C respectively.
Flexural Behavior of 3D printed Concrete Beam with Fiber Reinforcement
Authors: Al-Chaar Ghassan K , Kozych Andrij
Published: April 2021

3D printing with concrete is a promising new method for rapid, low cost construction. The flexural strengths for reinforced/unreinforced and 3D printed/cast concrete Warren trusses were tabulated and the failure mechanisms were reported. The types of reinforcement used were rebar(basalt and steel), and mesh (basalt and aramid). The effect of loading geometry and loading speed  was measured for basalt mesh and aramid mesh composite, respectively. Due to the expected variation in flexure between samples, it cannot be said whether small differences for various tests are significant. Variation stems from a microscopically uneven surface and random inhomogeneities in the bulk of the tested material which act as a microcrack catalyst and propagator. Since the tested beams are short specimens the numerical findings of other studies will vary based on the intended design. This paper is intended to assess the performance of various reinforcements in a qualitative sense by comparing basalt reinforcement with other reinforcements.  It was found that cast beams tolerated deflection better but had a similar flexure strength compared as the printed beams. The steel and basalt rebar reinforced beams had the highest flexure strengths where the traditional steel rebar reinforcement outperformed the basalt in flexure by 36% and the basalt outperformed the steel in deflection by 40%.  The basalt mesh outperformed the cast and printed unreinforced bars by a small margin but had only 25% of steel rebars’ deflection at maximum flexure strength. The aramid mesh tolerated the biggest deflection out of any sample at 2.26 cm.
The Present State of the Study of Politics
Authors: Merriam Ch. E.
Published: April 2021

The original outline of this article included a general overview and critique of the leading trends in the study of politics over the past 30 to 40 years. It was intended to compare the methods and results of different types of political thought-to consider in turn the historical school, the law school, researchers in the field of comparative analysis of forms of government, philosophers themselves, the approach of economists, the contribution of geographers and ethnologists, the work of statisticians, and finally to turn to psychological, sociological and biological interpretations of the political process. It would be an interesting and perhaps useful task to compare the subject and method of such thinkers as Jellinek, Gierke, Dugi, Dicey and Pound, the philosophies of Sorel and Dewey, Ritchie and Russell, Nietzsche and Tolstoy, to look at the methods of Durkheim and Simmel, Ward, Giddings and Small, Cooley and Ross, and to discuss the innovations found in the works of Wallace and Cole. It might be useful to expand the analysis to include important features of the environment in which these ideas flourished, and the many close connections between them. One could also discuss the impact of social and industrial development, class movements and class struggle or group conflicts in a broader sense, consider the impact of urbanism and industrialism, capitalism, socialism and syndicalism, militarism, pacifism, feminism, nationalism. It would be useful, perhaps, to present a critique of the methods and results described and to specifically assess the significance of logical, psychological, sociological, legal, philosophical and historical methodologies and the contribution of each of them to the study of the political. This task, however, was dropped and postponed for the next time, as it became apparent that no such review could be compressed to reasonable volumes. In order to achieve our common goal, it would seem that a different type of analysis would be more productive, aimed at reconstructing the methods of political research and obtaining more extensive results in both the theoretical and practical fields.
Impact of dietary calcium tetraborate supplementation on the mineral content of egg and eggshell of laying quails
Authors: Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu  , Ulku Gulcihan Simsek  , Sera Iflazoglu  , Aysen Yilmaz  , Muhsin Mutlu  , Pinar Tatli Seven
Published: April 2021

Boron (B) is a trace element that plays an important role in the mineral, cell membrane, hormone, and enzyme metabolism of animals and humans. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary calcium tetraborate (CaB4O7) supplementation on the mineral composition of egg content and eggshell of laying quails. For this purpose, a total of 20 male and 40 female quails, 6-week-old, were equally divided into 2 groups (control and additive groups) in 5 replicates (6 birds/replicate) and given CaB4O7 300 mg/kg feed in additive group. The experiment was conducted for 56 days. The eggs were collected and the mineral composition [B, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)] of egg content and eggshell samples were determined at the end of the experiment in randomly collected 6 eggs per group. Results of this study indicated dietary supplementation of CaB4O7 increased Mg (P<0.01), Na (P<0.01), and K (P<0.05) contents of edible parts of eggs compared to the control group, but B concentration were not determined in edible parts of eggs in both groups. Moreover, B (P<0.01), Mg (P<0.01), Na (P<0.01), Fe (P<0.01), K (P<0.05), Cu (P<0.05) and Zn (P<0.01) of eggshell were higher in the additive group than control. There were also significant correlations between examined minerals both edible and eggshell parts of the eggs. It may be concluded that supplementing diets with CaB4O7 could improve Ca metabolism, producing eggs enriched in minerals, promoting B, Mg, Na, Fe, K, Cu, and Zn deposition in eggshells, and improving eggshells quality. The effective B supplementation doses for functional egg production could be determined and B could be advantageous in terms of beneficial physiological effects.
Vehicle yaw rate simulation and control based on single-track model
Authors: Abdussalam Ali Ahmed  , Faraj Ahmed Elzarook Barood  , Munir S. Khalifa
Published: April 2021

When designing a vehicle, the most important variable that should be taken into account is the vehicle yaw rate, it represents an important indication of the vehicle’s stability and control. This paper aims to demonstrate how to simulate and control the yaw rate of a vehicle using two control methods, the first is the Linear Quadratic control method (LQR) and the other one is neural network control. The classical single-track model is prominently used for yaw stability control analysis. One driving conditions performed is the steering input; the steering input in this work is set as step steering angle and a lane change manoeuvre. Simulation results showed that both control methods used produced good and convergent performance results for the vehicle under different driving conditions.
Evaluation of air pollutants (PM10 and SO2) in the first year of the COVID-19: A city sample from Turkey
Authors: Ömer Faruk Tekin
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate the change of air pollutants in the province of Van compared to the previous year during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is a cross-sectional study conducted in Van where is a city in eastern Turkey. PM10 and SO2 values obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network website. The lockdowns imposed in the province of Van within the scope of combating COVID-19 have been recorded by examining the decisions of the Sanitary Board on the Van Governorship's official website. The mean of PM10 measurement values in the period before and after COVID-19 were 40.89±19.6 µg/m3 and 41.3±20.39 µg/m3, respectively. The mean of SO2 measurement values were 17.76±18.48 µg/m3 and 23.49±20.96 µg/m3 before and after COVID-19, respectively. When one year after and before COVID-19 was evaluated, there was no difference in PM10 values in terms of year averages, while SO2 value was found to be increased compared to the previous year. However, when analyzed by months, there were months when PM10 values were found to be increased (March, September and October) and decreased (July, August and November) compared to the previous year.
Alleviation of collagen-induced arthritis through cytokine-modulatory activity of Brazilian propolis AF-08 in mice
Authors: Kurokawa Masahiko  , Akashi Toshi  , Yoshida Hiroki  , Sugita Chihiro  , Tsutsumi Shigetoshi
Published: April 2021

Brazilian propolis AF-08 as a dietary supplement has been shown to be effective in alleviating symptoms of herpes simplex virus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. The alleviation was associated with the modification of immunological activity by AF-08 as a cytokine regulator. The immunomodulatory activity of AF-08 was suggested to contribute to the severity of symptoms and pathogenesis in cytokine-mediated diseases. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of AF-08 as a potential cytokine modulator in alleviating autoimmune diseases. The efficacy and cytokine-modulatory activity of AF-08 were examined in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Mice were immunized with type II collagen. AF-08 at 0, 30, or 100 mg/kg was administered orally to the immunized mice once daily for three weeks before and/or three times daily for two weeks after the onset of CIA. The development of arthritis of the paws and inflammatory cytokine levels in serum were examined. AF-08 at 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the incidence and severity of CIA prophylactically and therapeutically and reduced the rise of systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the early phase of CIA. In the early phase of CIA, the reduction of inflammatory cytokine levels by AF-08 correlated with the amelioration of symptoms of CIA. AF-08 might inhibit the initiation of cytokine-mediated disease rather than suppressing disease progression without toxicity. AF-08 was confirmed to possess cytokine-modulatory activity in vivo. It is possible that AF-08 is a potential prophylactic and therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases.
Mobile Physics as Innovation to Reinvigorating Active Engagement and Learning Dynamics of Grade 11 Learners on Uniform Accelerated Motion
Authors: Resty C. Samosa
Published: April 2021

Physics phenomena are widely viewed in daily life, and the technical nature of physics makes modern life seem to be simpler than it was many years ago. Physics teaching and learning, on the other hand, has not always been done effectively, especially in developing countries. This study aimed measured the effectiveness using mobile physics on students’ reinvigorating active engagement and learning dynamics on teaching uniform accelerated motion. The study employed the one-group pretest–posttest design. The design compared the result obtained from researcher – made - pretest and posttest and adapted science engagement scales. The study revealed that mobile physics as innovation had a positive effect on the learning dynamic of the learners, as evidenced by the significantly greater mean in the posttest.  The data showed that there is significant difference in the pretest and posttest score of students in the utilization of mobile physics on teaching uniform accelerated motion. It is also evident that learners highly have engagement during the innovation on teaching uniform accelerated motion. Future utilization of this mobile physics as an innovation would raise learners’ active engagement and learning dynamics in teaching physics concepts.
Biochemical Analysis of Phenolics Compounds Accumulated During Developing Stages of Wheatgrass
Authors: Nikita Nimsarkar  , Mayuri Kulkarni  , Dr. Faiyaz Shaikh
Published: April 2021

The current study was carried out to evaluate the accumulation of phenolic compounds in distinct developmental stages of Wheatgrass (Tritium aestivum). The wheatgrass was grown in the container/tray in the standard condition in the laboratory space provided by the department. Overnight soaked seeds were then sowed in the soil containers for 25 days. The accumulation of phenolics compounds was qualitatively and quantitatively checked in the leaves at 5, 10,15,20,25 days. Phenolics compounds were sequentially extracted in methanol, n-hexane, and acetone. For qualitative analysis, various biochemical tests were carried out and phenolics compounds were quantitatively estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Among three solvents methanol extract was found to accumulate phenolics compounds in increasing concentration at various developmental stages i.e. 5th days - 0.7135 mg/ml, 10th days 1.2614 mg/ml, 15th days- 1.1244 mg/ml; 20th days - 1.8093 mg/ml and 25th days - 4.0693 mg/ml. On the qualitative check, methanol extract was found to be positive for tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. These phenolics could be analyzed for antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities are the future perspective of this study.
Relationship between Classroom Research, Teacher Research and Action Research
Authors: Ajmal Shahim
Published: April 2021

Classroom Research, Teacher Research, and Action Research are three methods that are often misunderstood. Classroom analysis is research undertaken in language classrooms that reflects on participation in the lessons; the Research’s emphasis as well as the environment in which the data is obtained characterizes it. For language teachers and the discipline as a whole, doing classroom Research may be helpful. Teacher research is classified as research performed by the Teacher; in other words, the person who performs the thesis specifies it. The iterative cyclic procedures of preparing, behaving, observing, evaluating, and replanting are used in action analysis to address challenges and develop local practice.

The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the distinctions between classroom research, Teacher research, and Action research, as well as familiarity with the research method in this field.

The analysis of vague information in the field of science research, particularly research in the classroom, professorial research, and practical research in language teaching, is the product and result of the research work on this subject, which has added to the richness of this scientific – research essay.

 Aim- Receiving correct and necessary knowledge on these three forms of Research in the field of English language and literature, as well as a brief summary of systematic and general research on classroom research, Teacher training, and Action research in language teaching classrooms.
Solving nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equations via modifications of some numerical methods
Authors: AL-SAAR Fawziah , GHADLE Kirtiwant
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the modifications of the variational iteration method (MVIM), Laplace Adomian decomposition method (MLADM), and the homotopy perturbation method (MHPM) for solving the nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equation of the second kind. In these methods a series is created, the summation of which gives the solution of the discussed equation. Conditions ensuring convergence of this series are presented in the paper. An example illustrating the usage of the investigated methods is presented as well and the results reveal that the proposed methods are very effective, able, and simple. comparison between our proposed methods with the exact solution and some traditional methods is presented during a numerical example. The results reveal that (MHPM) and (MLADM) lead to an exact solution and (MVIM) leads to a limited solution. The uniqueness of the solutions and the convergence of the proposed methods are also proved.
proposal skripsi PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASE LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PADA SISWA KELAS XI IPS 1 SMAN 1 BANJARMASIN
Authors: wulan Lutfi nawang
Published: April 2021

Mata pelajaran sejarah masuk kedalam rumpun ilmu pengetahuan sosial (IPS). Mata pelajaran ini di ajarkan di jenjang SMA/SMK/MA dan sederajat namun di jenjang SD dan SMP juga sudah di ajarkan dan di masukkan dalam mata pelajaran IPS. Mata pelajaran Sejarah ini biasanya jika di sekolah-sekolah berada pada jam-jam pelajaran yang kurang efektif seperti di siang hari atau pada saat setelah mata pelajaran olahraga, pada jam tersebut biasanya tingkat konstrasi siswa sudah mulai menurun. Sebenarnya mata pelajaran sejarah tidak bisa didakatan mudah khususnya bagi seorang guru , karna menjadi guru sejarah tidak hanyak di tuntut untuk mentransfer ilmu pengetahuan tentang sejarah tetapi juga di tuntut untuk membentuk pendewasaan diri siswa untuk memahami identitas dan jati diri bangsanya serta menanamkan rasa nasionalime ke dalam diri siswa. Hal ini menjadi salah satu tantangan bagi guru mata pelajaran sejarah, guru harus pintar memilih metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan konsidisi siswa dan juga menyesuaikan dengan materi yang sedang di ajarkan. Metode yang di gunakan juga disarankan menggunakan metode yang menarik dan tidak monoton seperti hanya ceramah saja dari awal sampai akhir pembelajaran , pembelajaran di lakukan hanya dari satu arah dan sumber informasi lebih banyak di dapat dari guru. Dan juga pembelajaran sejarah di Indonesia biasanya sangat identik dengan hafalan yang membuat siswa bosan saat belajar, siswa di minta menghafalkan tahun, tempat, tokoh dan lain-lain. Jika pembelajaran hanya menyuruh siswa untuk menghafal dapat menghambat kreativitas siswa dan juga tidak dapat mengasah bepikir kritis siswa, padahal dalam pembelajaran sejarah siswa di harapkan dapat berpikir kritis. Di kurikulum 2013 ini pembelajaran diharuskan dilakukan dengan dua arah, dan itensitas guru menjelaskan harus di kurangi, jadi tidak hanya guru yang aktif berbicara di kelas tetapi siswa di harapkan juga aktif di kelas
Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Three Ecological Regions of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Mohan Krishna , Sun Sunjuri , Limbu Ben , Paudel Manish , Khanal Shankar , Pradhan Bandana , Shrestha Mangala
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) and blindness in people aged 15 years and above across three ecological regions of Nepal.

Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in one district in each of the three ecological regions of Nepal. Number of participants from each region was distributed as per the prevalence findings of pilot study, with 2815 participants enrolled in Dolakha, 1509 in Dhading and 910 in Sarlahi. Intensive training was provided to health workers on how to conduct door-to-door enumeration, visual acuity testing and referral when indicated for comprehensive ocular examination by technicians and ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat ocular morbidities. Collected data were analyzed using standard software. For categorical data, frequency, percentage and 95% CI were calculated and statistical tests were done using Chi-square/Fisher exact test.

Results: Altogether 5234 participants were enrolled in the study (participation rate 96.4%). The overall prevalence of MSVI was 9.5% (495). It was 4.7% (133) in the mountainous region, 11.2% (169) in the Hill and 21.2% (193) in the Tarai. In those aged 15-49 years, MSVI prevalence was 1.5% (52) and 25.1% (433) in ≥50 years. The overall prevalence of blindness was 0.9% (47). It was 0.2% (6) in 15-49 and 2.3% (41) in ≥50 age groups. More than 95% visual impairment and blindness were due to cataract and uncorrected refractive error. Cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness (290, 53.5%), followed by uncorrected refractive error.

Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness varied significantly with age, ethnicity and locality. The management of uncorrected refractive error and operable cataract would reduce nine in ten cases of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness.
Managing Recurrent Orbital Lymphangioma in a Pubertal Female with Negative Pressure Aspiration and Intralesional Bleomycin Injection: A Case Report
Authors: Chaudhary Santosh , Pant Aashish Raj , Badhu Badri Prasad
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Management of orbital lymphangioma is challenging. Complete surgical excision is often impossible due to its infiltrative nature. Sclerosing agents have been used in its management with variable outcomes. We report a case of recurrent orbital lymphangioma managed with intralesional bleomycin. 

Case: A 14-year-old female presented with proptosis of the right eye for two weeks. She had a similar history at five years of age for which she underwent surgical excision. We performed negative pressure aspiration using a 20-gauge angiocatheter, injected bleomycin, and left the cannula in situ for repeat aspiration to maintain cyst collapse. 

Observation: The lymphangioma regressed, and there was no recurrence at six months of follow-up. 

Conclusion: This report highlights the use of negative pressure aspiration and intralesional bleomycin injection by minimal intervention using angiocatheter in the successful management of orbital lymphangioma.
Women Ophthalmologists in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Samata , Pradhan Eli
Published: April 2021

Not available.
Review on Structure, Functional and Nutritional Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Abebaw Gashaw
Published: April 2021

Barley is a resilient plant, tolerant of a range of conditions, which may have been cultivated since 15 000 BC (Fast & Caldwell, 2000). Cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare, is mainly grown for animal feed, especially for pigs, for malting and brewing in the manufacture of beer, and distilling in whisky manufacture. A small amount of barley is used for food. Barley is one of the leading grain crops produced in the world with growing worldwide recognized as a source of food and many valuable nutritional components that enrich the human diet. Barley grain is used primarily for malting and livestock feeding, and the straw is also an important feedstuff when more desirable forages are not available
Comparative analysis of sustainability assessment methods in agroecosystems
Authors: Santana Ana , Pedrotti Alceu , Oliveira Fernanda , Holanda Francisco , Guimarães Claudinei , Villwock Ana , Mello Junior Arisvaldo , Filho Raimundo Rodrigues Gomes , Araújo Filho Renisson , Assunção Sara
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was to compare and analyze three different methods of the sustainability evaluation in agricultural systems, such as the Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles (IDEA), the weighted Assessment of environmental impact of New Rural activities (APOIA Novo-Rural), and the indicators of sustainability in Agroecosystem (ISA). Those methods were comparied by two criteria. The first one relates to the distribution of sustainability indicators into categories (Endogenous System Operation, Endogenous Resources, Exogenous Systems Operation, and Exogenous Resources) and elements (technical, socioeconomic, natural and cultural resources). The second one involves the conceptual approaches of each method towards the concept of sustainability, objective and target audience, adoption of the systemic approach, level of stakeholder’s participation, level of adequacy, and method flexibility in different realities. The indicators set of each method, although quantitatively different, consider the diversity of elements that involve the agricultural systems. The IDEA method concentrates its indicators on the Endogenous System Operation category, while the APOIA Novo-Rural and the ISA methods concentrate their indicators on the Endogenous Resources category. The IDEA method directs the assessment to the awareness of the environmental processes that surround the agricultural activity in the property. On the other hand, in the APOIA Novo-Rural and the ISA methods, the reflective practice is fostered from impacts on the environment, and can be improved by extension actions. The main difference presented among those methods is the integrative evaluation of the indicators as well as trade-offs involved.
OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜNDE KAİZEN YÖNTEMİ İLE TESİS YERLEŞİM TASARIMI VE REBA ANALİZİ
Authors: ULUSKAN Meryem , ÖZYALINER Mehtap Tutku
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada süreç iyileştirme tekniklerinden Kaizen ve tesis yerleşim tasarımı yöntemleri entegre bir şekilde kullanılarak otomotiv yan sanayiinde üretimi yapılan bir parça ele alınmış ve süreçte gerçekleşen hatalar incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, müşteri memnuniyetini önemli derecede etkileyen bir hataya yönelik önleme ve iyileştirme faaliyetleri sunularak bu faaliyetlerin beklenen getirileri belirlenmiştir. Süreç kalitesinin Kaizen yöntemi ile iyileştirilmesi sağlanırken ergonomik yönler göz önüne alınarak tesis yerleşimi önerileri sunulmuş ve bu önerilerin uygulanabilirlik açısından maliyet analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından, bu çalışmada önerilen tasarım iyileştirmesi sonrasında, iş kazası riski %20 oranında azaltılacak ve çalışanlara daha güvenli bir atölye ortamı sağlanacaktır. Ayrıca, yine bu çalışmada sunulan tasarım ve iyileştirme önerileri ile parçaların hatalı kasalanmasından kaynaklı hatalar azalarak finansal kayıplar önlenecek, çevrim süresinden yaklaşık %75’lik bir kazanç sağlanacak ve kullanılan alandan yaklaşık %22’lik bir verim artışı sağlanarak maliyet azaltılacaktır.
Prevention of MRONJ in non-oncological patients on antiresorptive drugs therapy: the pivotal role of past medical history.
Authors: Mirelli Cristina , De Filippis Andrea , Pederielli Sara , Dall'Agnola Cristina , Marino Sonia , Bartorelli Luca
Published: April 2021

A proactive prevention attitude is the most appropriate choice for ensuring healthy oral conditions in patients on anti-resorptive therapy. For this reason an assistance service called Progetto Bifosfonati was set up at the Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan (IRCCS Fondazione CàGranda) for secondary and tertiary prevention of MRONJ. Since 2006 the Project has admitted patients taking or approaching a therapy with antiresorptive drugs (ARDs), coming from various backgrounds: some were sent from hospital wards, some by general practitioners in private clinics, some came spontaneously. Clinical examination is based on standardized clinical records that include details of their medical history. Below we describe cases of osteonecrosis in patients with osteoporosis, underlining their clinical history and comorbidities.