bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic Research on Reducing Emission of CH4 Based on Gas Hydrate Technology
Authors: Xu Feng , Xu Long Jun , Wu Qiang , Zhu Li Hua
Published: June 2010

Methane (CH4) a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). Human activities, such as natural gas extraction, natural gas transportation and coal mining, result in emissions of the large amounts of CH4 into the atmosphere. Thus it is necessary to study the reduction of CH4 in these fields. The experiments of hydrates formation of CH4 and coal mine gas were respectively carried out using self-developed experiment apparatuses. The results show that the hydrates of CH4 and coal mine gas are prone to be formed under appropriate conditions. The strong storage stability of natural gas hydrates was approved by the experiments to determine the dissociation heat and the average dissociation rate of hydrates. At the same time, the technology flow for recovery and utilization of coal mine gas was proposed based on gas hydrate technology. The experiment results and the former literatures indicate that the reducing emission of CH4 using gas hydrates is feasible.
Preparation of TiO2 Nanoparticles Doped with Cs+ and Sr2+ and Their Photocatalytic Activity under Solar Light
Authors: Luo Jie , Yang Xin Yuan , Li De Liang
Published: June 2010

Using cesium nitrate and strontium nitrate as doping metal ions source, Cs-doped TiO2 and Sr-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized through the hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method. The photocatalytic activities of these catalysts prepared at 600 °C for 2 h were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution under solar light irradiation, and the as-prepared samples with higher photocatalytic efficiency were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The XRD patterns indicate that the crystal structure still remains as anatase phase for the doped samples, and the average crystal size of TiO2, 0.1 at% Cs-doped TiO2 and 0.3 at% Sr-doped TiO2 is 21.3, 13.1 and 10.8 nm, respectively. The band gap absorption shows red shift to the visible region for the doped samples from the UV-Vis spectrogram. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles doped with Cs+ and Sr2+ exhibits a significant improvement and their degradation efficiencies are more than 30% in comparison with those of TiO2 under the same condition, and the optimal doping concentration is determined to be 0.1 at% and 0.3 at% for Cs+ and Sr2+, respectively.
Preparation and Performance of Ni-CU/SDC Anodes
Authors: Li Chang Yu , Lv Zhe
Published: June 2010

A series of Ni-Cu oxide solid solutions and Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) electrolyte were synthesized by nitrate-citric acid method. Then Ni-Cu/SDC composite anode materials were prepared. Meanwhile, their microstructure and performance were also tested. The results showed that the single solid oxides fuel cell(SOFC) employing Cu0.4Ni0.6O as the anode, and using hydrogen as fuel had the best electrochemical performance. The maximal power density could reach 126mW.cm-2 at 700°C.
Preparation of new Environmental Materials from Poplar Wood as Raw Material
Authors: Jia Zhen , Liu Yi Xing , Li Guo Liang
Published: June 2010

The objective of this paper is to use the modified nano-calcium carbonate compositing directly or sol-gel compositing with poplar wood by the vacuum infusion methods to prepare new environmental materials. This paper introduces promotion effects of nano-technology on the development of fast-growing poplar wood, the problems and research of fast-growing poplar wood compositing with nano-materials. By preparing the new environmental materials, we implement the use of plantation timber to produce high value-added products, and the use of a variety of nano-technology to improve the performances of wood, and improve timber utilization.
Quantum Chemical Study on Structure Properties of Pyridine Ionic Liquids of Different Chain Lengths Substituent Group
Authors: Long Li , Chu De Qing , Wang Li Min
Published: June 2010

By using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G* levels, the pyridine ionic liquid with different substituent length have been studied. The calculated results showed that the ionic liquid formed by pyridine and a chlorine ion has two main configurations (COH-PyCl and COH-PyPCl). There are three combinative locations in each configuration of anion and cation. When the anion is located in the same location, as the alkyl length becomes longer, the hydrogen bond length between chlorine ion and hydrogen atom in pyridine ring becomes longer, the binding energy between chlorine ion and pyridine with different alkyl length becomes weaker.
A Green and Highly Efficient Protocol for Hydrolysis of Substituted Benzyl Chloride Using Ionic Liquid [bmim]BF4 as Phase-Transfer Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zang Hong Jun , Cheng Bo Wen
Published: June 2010

Alkaline hydrolysis of substituted benzyl chloride (BzCl) in ionic liquid [bmim]BF4 is investigated. The presence of the [bmim]BF4, increased the solubility of substituted BzCl in aqueous solutions and increased the selectivity toward the formation of benzyl alcohol. The main advantages of the present procedure are shorter time, higher yields, benignancy to environment and no by-products.
Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Wood Plastic Composites
Authors: Li Dong Fang , Li Li , Zhou Jin Chi
Published: June 2010

Wood plastic composite (WPC) is an environmental-friendly material, which is made of virgin or used wood powder and plastic. It is necessary to find the detection methods of WPC with the development of WPC in further studies. For resolving some problems existing in the study of WPC, this article introduces the application of the Infrared Spectroscopy analysis technique in matrix materials, filling materials, supplementary materials, and production process of WPC and forecast the widely usage of Infrared Reflectance (IR) Spectroscopy in the study of WPC.
Study on Flocculants of Lactic Acid Fermentation Broth
Authors: Wang Li Juan , Wang Qun Hui , Li Zheng Yao , Cao Da Qi
Published: June 2010

Flocculation of lactic acid (LA) fermentation broth using chitosan and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as flocculants individually was evaluated. Flocculation effects under different flocculants dosages as well as the loss of the target product LA were investigated. It was found that CPAM was more suitable in flocculation of LA fermentation broth while the optimized dosage of CPAM was 0.2g/L. The results showed that flocculants made little impact on the LA so that it was feasible to treat lactic acid by flocculation.
Study on Properties of Modified Low Molar Ratio Urea-Formaldehyde Resins (I)
Authors: Zhang Shi Feng , Li Jian Zhang , Zhang Ji Zhi , Li Yong Hua , Gao Qiang
Published: June 2010

For improving the performance of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, modified low molar ratio UF resins were developed to improve water resistance properties and reduce the formaldehyde emission of its bonded products. The effects of modifier feeding amount on the character of the cured resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurement. The viscosity, pH value, solid content, free formaldehyde content, pot time, and curing time of the UF resins were also tested according to Chinese National Standards methods. The results show that the modified 1.00 molar ratio UF resins show lower free formaldehyde content and higher boiling-water-resistance comparing with unmodified ones. The boiling-water-resistant bonding strength of poplar plywood bonded with modified UF resin at 140 °C hot-press temperature can reach type I grade (100 °C water bath 3h) plywood requirement and the formaldehyde emission can meet the E0 grade plywood need.
The Study on Environmental Group Events in China
Authors: Yu Guang Hui , Yuan Kai Guo , Li Zhen Guo
Published: June 2010

Environmental group events is a new social contradiction in China's economic construction era. In recent years, those events are becoming more and more serious. To provide a theoretical basis for reducing the probability of the incident and rationally resolving incident, studied the main reasons, characteristics and control measures of environmental group events. The main characteristics include relatively complex contradictions, imitative strong, long-time management cycle and occurred in the suburbs and rural areas. The main countermeasure as follow: enhance participating consciousness of resident, enhance environmental monitoring, enhance risk examination, develop environmental risky assurance, and consummating environmental pollution case.
Preparation of Conductive PPy/Cellulose Composite Fabric by Using Admicellar Polymerization
Authors: Yang Hui Ting , Wang Li Juan
Published: June 2010

Conductive PPy/cellulose composites were prepared with flax substrate by using admicellar polymerization. In admicellar polymerization, thinner PPy layer would be formed by a surfactant template. The stability of conductive composites prepared under various conditions was analyzed and surface morphology of the composite was analyzed by SEM. The effects of different preparation conditions on the conductivity of the composite were studied in detail. The optimum preparation conditions were as follows: pyrrole concentration 0.3 mol•L-1 , FeCl3 concentration 0.3 mol•L-1, adsorption time 150 min, PVA to pyrrole weight ratio 2%, polymerization temperature 0°C, polymerization time 9h. The surface resistivity of conductive composite fabric almost linearly increased with the prolongation of storage time. The stability of the conductive composite is the best when PVA/ pyrrole is 2%.
Analysis on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Birch Laminated Veneer Lumber
Authors: Xue Bing , Hu Ying Cheng
Published: June 2010

In this paper, four different nondestructive testing (NDT) methods and the static bending test were conducted on the birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL). The NDT methods included the longitudinal transmission method, longitudinal vibration method, in-plane and out-plane flexural vibration method. The effects of the compression ratio on the static bending (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) of LVL with vertical load were investigated. There were four compression ratios for different ply numbers of LVL, 8.1% for eight-ply samples, 18.3% for nine-ply samples, 26.5% for ten-ply samples, 33.1% for eleven-ply samples, respectively. The microscopic structure of the LVL was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the MOE and MOR of LVL were increased with increasing compression ratio, and there was a strong correlation between each dynamic Young’s modulus and the static MOE.
Preparation Crystalline Mesoporous Titania at Mild Conditions with Inorganic Titanium Precursors
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Rui Qing , Wen Ai Hua , Li Xuan Dong
Published: June 2010

In order to avoid the damage on mesostructure by the high temperature treatment, inorganic titanium species were used as the precursors for the preparation of mesoporous TiO2 of crystalline framework at mild conditions. The influences of the precursor, additive, reaction pH and temperature on phase and textural structures of the products were investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, FT-IR and SEM. The results show that anatase mesoporous TiO2 with large surface area could be obtained without calcination with Ti(SO4)2 as precursor or TiCl4 when SO42- was added. And the template could be completely removed by Soxhlet extraction.
Violuric Acid Catalyzed Electrochemical Delignification and Bleaching of Poplar Kraft Pulp
Authors: Kong Fan Gong , Wang Shou Juan , Fu Shi Yu , Zhan Huai Yu
Published: June 2010

The electrochemically mediated delignification (EM) of lignocellulosic fibers is one of new methods for fiber pulp delignification and bleaching. The choice of mediator is a key to the foundation of the delignification system. In this paper, violuric acid (VIO) was selected as a mediator to catalyze this delignification process, and the catalyzing delignification was carried out as well as subsequent bleachability of delignified pulps. The catalyzing delignification efficiency was evaluated according to pulp kappa number and viscosity. The pollution loads of bleaching effuluents were discussed. The results showed that VIO is a suitable mediator for the electrochemical delignification system. At the optimum conditions, the kappa number reduces by 5.4, from 17.4 to 11.7, and viscosity decreases from 1144cm3/g to 1059cm3/g. The alkali treatment after EM can further reduce kappa number and increase brightness of resulting pulp. The kappa number of pulp treated with EME can be reduced to 8.9 with the delignification rate of 48.8% and viscosity only decreases to 1065 cm3/g. The brightness of EM E treated pulp increases from original 39.2% ISO to 50.7% ISO. The EM treated pulps can be bleached to 80%ISO with the subsequent QP or EQP bleaching sequences at 2.0% H2O2 charge. The bleaching effluents of EMQP have lower COD and BOD than that of OQP which is considered as environmental friendly bleaching sequence.
CWT-Support Vector Regression Model and Its Application
Authors: Liu Jie Fang , Gao Pu Mei , Ma Bao Lin
Published: June 2010

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) analytical technique is simple, fast and low cost, making neither pollution nor damage to the samples, and can determine many components simultaneously. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT), as an application direction of the wavelet analysis, is keener to the signal slight change. Support vector machine (SVM) is based on the principle of structural risk minimization, which makes SVM has better generalization ability than other traditional learning machines that are based on the learning principle of empirical risk minimization. In this paper, we use CWT- SVM model to predict meat’s component. Compared with Partial Least Squares (PLS) and SVR, we get more satisfactory result.
POSS/TiO2 Nanohybrids as Sun Protection Ingredients for Greenhouse Covers
Authors: Wang Di , Wei Shuang Ying , Hu Li Jiang
Published: June 2010

Based on (3-methacryloxypropyl)-Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MP-POSS) (MP), vinyl-POSS (VP), (3-glycidoxypropyl)-POSS (GP) and modified with 10, 20 and 30 wt-% titanium tetrabutoxide (TTB), three hybrid nanofilms (f-MPT, f-VPT and f-GPT) were prepared using hydrolytic condensation and crosslinking. The average transparency (AT) and absorption coefficients (AC) of the films were measured in the ranges of 280-2500 nm. The average transparency (AT) values of three films were about 10-11% (280-320 nm), 78-80% (320-400 nm) and 85-89% (750-2500 nm), which implies that these films indeed can provide a physical barrier for blocking the UV-B absorbed into greenhouse, indicating functionality of the POSS/TiO2 materials as the sun protection ingredients. The AT values of three films were in the order of f-MPT>f-GPT>f-VPT due to complete-cage structures of building blocks (POSS) and the size of organic branches covalently bonded to the silica network in the molecular structures. This indicates that VPT powder might be significantly better to selected for the sun protection factor (SPF). Lower mtransparency of the films containing 30 wt-% TTB fractions is ascribed to more amounts of TTB in the modified films.
Investigation of Formaldehyde-Free Soybean Meal-Based Adhesive Applying on Particleboard
Authors: Gao Qiang , Dong Yao Hui , Zhang Shi Feng , Li Jian Zhang
Published: June 2010

For manufacturing high mechanical properties and environmental-friendly particleboard, a formaldehyde-free soybean meal (SM)-based adhesive was developed and applied in the mechanical manufacture of particleboard. The thermal behavior of the adhesive was investigated and the properties of the particleboard were tested according to Chinese Standards methods. The results show that the optimum technical parameters were: hot-pressing temperature was 180 °C, hot-pressing time was 65 s/mm, moisture content was 12 %, and glue content was 15 %. The MOR and IB of particleboard were 20.6 MPa and 0.59 MPa respectively. It fully fits the Chinese National Standards GBT 4897.5-2003. Therefore, it is a practical way for manufacturing environmental friendly particleboard by SM-based adhesive.
Performance of Strong Acid Cation Resin D072 for the Adsorption of Fe (II) from Aqueous Phase
Authors: Wang Bin Song , Cui Fu Yi , Lin Xin , Li Lin Hong , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2010

Resin D072 was more useful on the adsorption of Fe2+ as a heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of H2O2, which had high catalytic activity in the decolorization of reactive red KE-3B. The conditions of the adsorption of Fe2+ by D072 were optimized, including the initial pH, the Fe2+ concentration and reaction time. It was found that the optimal pH was pH3. The optimal initial concentration of Fe2+ and reaction time were 840 mg L-1 and 60 min, respectively. It illustrated that the adsorption behavior of Fe2+ by D072 obeyed Freundlich adsorption model. The decolorization reaction of reactive red KE-3B was still faster though the catalyst already used 10 times because Fe leaching from the catalyst was negligible. The heterogeneous catalyst seems to be viable method for achieving significant decolorization of dying industry wastewater.
Laccase Immobilization on D380 Macroporous Exchange Resin by Cross-Linking with Glutaraldehyde
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yu Yang , Ren Jing , Wang Bin Song
Published: June 2010

Macroporous exchange resins have been applied as supports for enzyme immobilization. The supporters were activated by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, then Laccase was immobilized. Parameters of the immobilization process were optimized. The results of repeated batch showed the optimal immobilization conditions (10% of glutaraldehyde, pH=3, temperature=45 °C). In addition, the biocatalyst also showed good operational stability, maintaining 45% of its initial activity after 10 cycles of oxidation of ABTS. The immobilized laccase had potential for application in the continuous decolorization of textile efﬂuents.
Fast Curing Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Catalyzed by a Complex Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Shi Feng , Li Jian Zhang , Liu Xiao Ying , Ou Yan An , Gao Qiang
Published: June 2010

For increasing the curing rate and decreasing the curing temperature, modified phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins were synthesized under a complex catalyst. The bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of the plywood bonded by them were measured according to Chinese National Standards methods. The curing behavior was conducted by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement. The results indicate that PF resins catalyzed by the complex catalyst show more moderate pH values, lower curing temperature and shorter gel time comparing with control ones. Plywood bonded with modified PF resins shows good bonding strength and low formaldehyde emission even at low hot press temperature (110 °C), which is closed to the plywood bonded with normal control PF resin at high hot press temperature (130 °C).
Effect of Content of Mg on the Electrochemical Performance of La1-xMgxNi2.8Co0.7 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5) Hydrogen Storage Alloy
Authors: Wang Jing , Mu Dao Bin , Wu Feng , Chen Shi
Published: June 2010

La1-xMgxNi2.8Co0.7 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5) hydrogen storage alloy was synthesized by solid diffusion method. The microstructure of the alloy was analyzed by XRD when the content of Mg was changed. When x equaled to 0.3, there was relative much La2Ni7 phase in the alloy and the alloy exhibited better integrated electrochemical performance. Its maximum discharge capacity reached 355.4mAh/g and capacity retention after 50 cycles（S50）was 77.80%. The results showed the existence of La2Ni7 phase would be conductive to the integrated electrochemical performance of the alloy.
Marked Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity of P-Doped TiO2 with Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Guo Si Yao , Wang Feng Lu , Sun Jin Bing , Yang Lin , Zhang Feng , Han Song
Published: June 2010

Phosphor-doped titania nanoparticles were synthesized by a one step hydrothermal method. These samples which prepared by hydrothermal method exist in anatase phase has much higher photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation. In addition, MB degradation performance of the hydrothermal ones is also superior to that of the commercial P25. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physical adsorption at 77 K, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. It can conclude the hydrothermal method proves to be more suitable to improve the photocatalytic performance.
Preparation, Characterization of Phosphorus Doped Titania Photocatalysts with High Photocatalystic Properties
Authors: Guo Si Yao , Sun Jin Bing , Wang Feng Lu , Yang Lin , Zhang Feng , Han Song
Published: June 2010

Phosphor-doped titania nanoparticles were synthesized by a one step method, which were prepared by conventional calcination method. These samples have much higher photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. Moreover, we use high P/TiO2 molar ratio to get the most suitable proportion for the synthesis of P-doped titania photocatalyst.
Photoelectrochemical Degradation of Cyanuric Acid in TiO2 Suspension
Authors: Zhang Wen Jie , Bai Jia Wei , Li Ru Yuan
Published: June 2010

Photoelectrochemical degradation of cyanuric acid occurred when the applied potential exceeded 2 V by using Ti electrodes and TiO2 suspension in 0.3 M NaCl solution. The removal increased drastically when the applied potential was more than 5 V. The addition of HCO3- ion could accelerate photoelectrochemical degradation of cyanuric acid. An optimum removal of 85% was achieved when HCO3- ion concentration increased to 0.05 M. Further increase of HCO3- ion led to the decrease of removal, due to consumption of hydroxyl radicals and other oxidizing species by excessive bicarbonate. Photocatalytic oxidation had no capacity on degrading cyanuric acid whether in NaHCO3 aqueous solution or in the solution containing both Cl- and HCO3- ions.
Screening and Identification of a PCBs-Degrading Halophilic Bacterium
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Zhang Lan Ying
Published: June 2010

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). This experiment screened a halophilic bacterium from the deep sea sediments, which could grow at the salinity of 15%, and designated as B2.6. The cells of this strain were rod shaped, Gram negative, motile. Growth of this bacterium in the presence of PCBs, as the sole source of carbon and energy, and the experiment indicated that at 30°C when pH value is between 7 and 8, inoculation amount is 5mL, the concentration of PCBs is below 3mg•L-1, and the ratio of degradation could reach 90% at 72h. The traditional morphology, physiological and biochemical properties as well as identified system of Biolog were applied to the bacterial classification. The pattern of PCBs-degrading enzyme production of strain B2.6 was continuous synthesis.
Research on Tradable Emission Permit in Agricultural Production
Authors: Yu Da Jin
Published: June 2010

It has a far-reaching impact on agro-ecological environment and socio-economic sustainable development to control pollution in agricultural production. This paper took the pollution of agricultural production as the research object, analyzed the background and functions of tradable emission permit, the conditions of tradable emission permit in agricultural production, and then carried out a numerical analysis. The result indicates the application of tradable emission permit in agricultural production can save the cost of agricultural production and protect the environment effectively. Finally this paper studied advantages and disadvantages of establishing tradable emission permit system in agricultural production, and pointed out government should play its significant role in the process of establishment of tradable emission permit system in agricultural production.
Effect of Admixture on Mechanical Behavior and Micro-Structure of Sulphoaluminate Composite Material
Authors: Zhang Ming , Xing Feng , Zhang De Cheng , Zhang Yun Fei
Published: June 2010

Mechanical behavior of sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) mortar mixed slag (SL), fly ash (FA) and combined admixture were studied in the study, at the same time, hydration products and micro-structure were analyzed with XRD and SEM for making clear hydration mechanism. Test results show that early period strength of SAC mortar decreased, and strength contribution rate of admixture is combined admixture (slag + fly ash) ＞ slag ＞ fly ash on the same content due to the combined admixture is more beneficial to accelerate hydration. Yet strength increase of SAC mortar mixed admixture after cured 60d is not obvious, which was not large different with pure SAC mortar. A large amount of ettringite and gel produced during 1d period of SAC paste, but with the hydration carrying on, diffraction peak of hydration products (ettringite and gel) and unhydrated calcium sulphoaluminate change little, which means hydration degree at 1d is higher. Diffraction peak of ettringite and gel at different curing period is lower when mixed admixture in matrix, the amount of ettringite and gel increased and unhydrated calcium sulphoaluminate decreased with hydration carrying on, which means early hydration speed slow down when introduction of admixture into SAC matrix.
Start-Up of A2/O Humic Activated Sludge Systemphosphorus Removal Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Yin Jun , Wu Lei , Zhao Ke , Yu Yu Juan
Published: June 2010

In this article, analysis the start-up of A2/O humic activated sludge system phosphorus removal efficiency and the characteristics of anaerobic phosphorus release, aerobic phosphorus uptake, sludge activity and their change in the Series Technologies process. The results show that A2/O humic activated sludge system phosphorus removal rate stabilized at 90.7% ~ 97.6%. Sludge activity except for anoxic zone 2 increased, along the process showed a gradual decrease trend.
An Experimental Investigation of Alkaline Zinc Electrowinning Using Magnesium Alloy as Cathode
Authors: Jiang Jia Chao , Zhang Cheng Long , Zhao You Cai
Published: June 2010

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the novel alkaline zinc electrowinning process by using magnesium alloy as cathode and stainless steel as anode. The alkaline electrolyte with 40 g/L Zn2+ and 200 g/L NaOH was selected to be in accordance with the industrial practice. Effects of several electrolysis variables, i.e. current density (500, 1000, 1500 A/m2), temperature (30, 50, 70 °C) and impurities (lead and tin) on the morphology of deposited zinc were investigated. The current efficiency was always 100% and the deposited zinc always in powdery form. Specific energy was low, even at 1000 A/m2, and decreased with rising temperature, being only 2.27 kWh/kg Zn at 50 °C, which was much lower than the energy consumption of 3.3-3.4 kWh/kg Zn in the conventional acidic electrowinning.
Disodium Sulfodehydroabietate as Template for Preparation of Hydrophobic Nano-Calcium
Authors: Han Shi Ya , Zhu Ming Hua , Song Zhan Qian , Fang Gui Zhen , Li Wei , Jiang Nai Xiang
Published: June 2010

In this paper, the hydrophobic nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was prepared by organic matter (the bolaform surfactant Disodium Sulfodehydroabietate as template) modifying surface structure of calcium carbonate (made by anhydrous sodium carbonate and anhydrous calcium chloride) at 40°C for 2h. The prepared hydrophobic nano-CaCO3 was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and. The nano-CaCO3 with mean particle size of 64.4 nm was obtained in the range of 0.5~1.5µm by calculation. The contact angle of nano-CaCO3 with liquid solid was 117.49°. The hydrophobic property become stronger.
Purification and Characterization of Laccase from Curvularia trifol
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ren Jing , Yu Yang , Wang Bin Song
Published: June 2010

Electrophoretic pure lacquer enzymes were obtained from the thick enzyme of Gladiolus Curvularia trifol with grading precipitation and DEAE2-Cellulose ion exchange chromatography. The overall recycling rate of enzyme activity was 14.97% and the purification reached 2.96 times. The relative molecular mass of enzyme was 92.3Kda. The optimal temperature and pH were 40°C and 3.5, respectively. The Km of ABTS catalyzed by laccase was 1.11× 10- 5mol L-1. Alizarin red and Congo red could be degradated by purified laccase effectively without the participation of small molecule amboceptor. Alizarin red could be degradated by 80% with its being affected by 1000U/L of enzyme activity for 70h, which revealed the huge potentiality of Gladiolus Curvularia trifol and laccase in the degradation of dye.
Nanoparticles: Aspects of Safety and Risk Management
Authors: Chen Jun , Sun Cheng
Published: June 2010

Nanotechnologies and nanoparticles represent a promising and fast-growing field. This is principally because a nanodimensional substance can have physical and chemical properties that are different from those of the same substance with larger dimensions. However, the present knowledge is not yet sufficient for the elaboration of nanospecific regulations. Many projects with the aim of completing the necessary scientific and technical basis for the assessment of nanotechnology related risks are under way. Under these circumstances closely relationship between the industries and government bodies is necessary to build up safety standards or regulations by all stakeholders constitute an appropriate tool for the protection of human health and the environment.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on Seismic Behavior of Profiled Steel Sheet-Bamboo Plywood Composite Walls
Authors: Zhang Wang Li , Li Yu Shun , Shen Huang Ying , Jiang Tian Yuan , Zhang Zhen Wen
Published: June 2010

In order to promote building structure to be environmental friendly, light-weight and high-strength, a novel bamboo-steel composite wall is proposed. The composite wall is made up by sticking two pieces of bamboo plywood on the faces of a piece of profiled steel sheet utilizing structural glue. Taking thickness of the bamboo plywood and thickness and corrugation-height of the profiled steel sheet as variables, quasi-static tests were carried out on 5 specimens. Based on experimental phenomena and data, their earthquake resistant properties such as horizontal bearing capacity, ductility and energy dissipation and failure mechanism are analyzed. The results show that the bamboo plywood and profiled steel sheet can effectively work together, the composite walls possess wonderful seismic properties, and that changes of thickness or corrugation-height of profiled steel sheet make very sharp differences to the properties of the walls. Finally, a simplified mechanical model and calculation method for horizontal bearing capacity are proposed according to hysteresis curves within elastic range of these walls. The calculated values match well with the experimental ones.
Preparation of Multi-Layer Film on Stainless Steel as Bipolar Plate for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhang Dong Ming , Guo Lu , Duan Liang Tao , Wang Zai Yi
Published: June 2010

In the present study, we try to prepare hydrophobic film coated on stainless steel as the bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Magnetron sputtering (MS) was adoped to prepare the Cr3Ni2/Cr2N multi-layer coated on stainless steel. The corrosion resistance and electrical conductance of the coated substrate were tested. The water contact angles were measured. The film exhibits improved corrosion resistance and electrical conductance. The corrosion current is 0.58µA.cm-2 and the contact resistance at 240N.cm-2 is 8.5mΩ.cm2. Meanwhile, it is a kind of hydrophobic film with water contact angle of 107o. The performance shows strong dependance on microstructural characteristics. The nano-protrudes on the SS304/Cr3Ni2/Cr2N surface result in the film with hydrophobic property, just like the effect of lotus surface.
Evaluation for Antifreeze of Concrete Based on Method of Bubble Parameters
Authors: Lv Li Hua , Liu Jun Zhe
Published: June 2010

Nowadays we usually use air bubble parameter to evaluate the freeing resistance. This method save time, water and electricity. However, this method is too simple to reduce the accuracy and limit its application. For changing this fact we stood the minimum observation Wire length and standard maintenance age influence on air Bubble parameters. Firstly According to air bladder spacing coefficient of the different traverse wire length, calculate the range and deviation coefficient. Secendly detect the antifreeze degree by rapid freeze-thawing test, finaly set up the regression equation among the air spacing coefficient of 3d,28d and 90d. In conclusion, wire length should take at least 2 times of the now minmum. We cannot directly use the spacing coefficient of bubble in 3d to evaluate the freezing resistance of the concrete structure. But we can use equation y = 0.356x +0.514 to convert that of 90d to 28d and evaluate the freezing resistance of the concrete structure.
Preparation of Porous Silica by Microemulsion Coupling with Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Li Jing , Xue Wei , Zhao Yong , Wang Zhi Miao
Published: June 2010

A novel method of microemulsion coupling with sol–gel process was used for preparation of porous silica using tetraethyl orthosilicate as silicon source. Effect of solvent and catalyst on the surface texture properties was investigated respectively. The results showed that porous silica with large specific surface area (738.65 m2/g) and high pore volume (2.01 cm3/g) was obtained. However, the mesopores in silica were arranged in disorder and showed great ununiformity in shape and arrangement. To obtain porous silica with desired texture properties, an appropriate dosage of ethanol and higher HCl concentration were needed.
The Effects of Negative Pressure Cavitation Method (NPC) on Adsorption of Heavy Metals Solution by Candida utilis
Authors: Zhao Xiu Hua , Ren Zhi Guang , Zu Yuan Gang , Xiao Peng , Zhang Yao
Published: June 2010

In this study, a new method (negative pressure cavitation method, NPC) for metal ions removal from industry waste water has been studied. Under the identical adsorption conditions，we have seen some different effects among static adsorption, shaking adsorption and NPC adsorption. The results are as following: four kind metal ions showed the accordant phenomenon that the sequence of adsorption capacity is NPC adsorption>shaking adsorption>static adsorption. The different metal ions have different improvement of removal ratio. The sequence is Cd>Hg>Pb>Cu. The intercellular pH of absorbed yeast cells increased with the adsorption process from acidic to alkaline. These may suggest that the Candida utilis has certain resistance against heavy metals. The increased pH is also an environment stress response of Candida utilis. So NPC adsorption may have potential values to removal of metal ions.
Study on Properties of Fresh and Hardened Slag Cement Paste
Authors: Zhang Ming , Lu Han , Xing Feng , Wang Shu Ping
Published: June 2010

The paper studied effect of blast-furnace slag on rheology and hydration properties of blended cement paste. Rheology of blended cement paste with polycarboxylic series (PCS) and sulphamate series (SMS) superplasticizer is tested, appraised effect degree of the dosage and fineness of slag in blended cement by saturation dosage of superplasticizer, fluidity and gradual loss of fluidity. For hardened paste, the study tested development of strength and hydration products, activation effects of gypsum and sodium sulfate, analyzed macro mechanical behavior and micro structure of blend cement made from slag.
Aluminum Flow Analysis for the Life Cycle of Aluminum Products
Authors: Yue Qiang , Lu Zhong Wu
Published: June 2010

In order to achieve a sustainable development of aluminum industry, aluminum flow analysis for the life cycle of aluminum products in China was necessary. Aluminum flow in the aluminum products life cycle of 2003-2007 in China has been analyzed, from which the following data were resulted. Resources self-support ratio in alumina production, aluminum production and the aluminum industry dropped, increased and leveled off in the period 2003-2007, respectively. Self-produced aluminum scrap use ratio was in the range 5-7%, and the situation of the aluminum scrap lacking state can’t be settled in case of fast increment of aluminum production. Proposals for the sustainable development of aluminum industry in China were put forward.
Recovery of Zinc from EAF Dust by Alkaline Extraction
Authors: Jiang Jia Chao , Yang Xiao Yu , Zhao You Cai
Published: June 2010

In this paper, a series of lab-scale experiments have been focused on the zinc recovery from electric arc furnace (EAF) dust by alkaline extraction, combining with the novel alkaline zinc electrowinning technology. Effects of several leaching variables, i.e. leaching time (1-3 h), NaOH concentration (150-400 g/L), solid/liquid ratio (S/L, 1/5-1/12), temperature (30-90 °C) and stirring speed (300-500 rpm) on zinc recovery (%) were investigated. Around 84 %Zn and 92 % Pb were respectively recovered when the leaching process was operated with 250 g/L NaOH and S/L 1/10 at 90 °C for 2 h. After Pb was selectively removed by sodium sulfide precipitation, the alkaline zinc solution was subjected to electrolysis and zinc powder with a purity of 98.5 % was then obtained. The leaching residue is suitable for safe disposal, while the purifying residue can be marketed for lead recovering.
Studing on the Scaling Mechanism of Injection Well Pipe
Authors: Jing Guo Lin , Li Shu Lin , Xing Li Jie , Guo Ying Ying , Kong Ling Rong
Published: June 2010

During oil production from several wells in Daqing, significant productivity decline was noticed. One of the reasons behind the productivity decline might be scale precipitation. The corrosion is very serious for scaling of the fifth injection wells. It brings enormous damage to oilfield and seriously influences the oilfield production and development. Based on the research of scaling of three different sections of injection wells, we clear the distribution of injection wells scaled and the source of injection water. Choose the representative scaling wells of three blocks and injection water sample, use modern instrument analysis method to analysis the composition of water and scale sample. According to the data analysis, to certain the components of the sample scale, put forward the main form of scaling mechanism, and provide a dependable basis for making effective measures of scale removal and prevention.
Composts from Green Waste as Peat Substitutes for Cutting Propagation of Impatiens hawkeri
Authors: Luan Ya Ning , Sun Xiang Yang , Li Su Yan , Wang Hui , Guo Cheng
Published: June 2010

This study was to evaluate the use of green waste compost (GWC) as a growth media for rooting of Impatiens hawkeri. The experiments were divided into two sections. In the first experiment, GWC samples were collected periodically during a 60-d rapid composting period from a single windrow. A germination test was carried out previously in order to evaluate the phytotoxicity presence of GWC using Lepidium sativum L. (cress) as an indicator. Subsequently, five growth media were prepared containing 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% by volume of GWC with the corresponding peat as diluents, plus an untreated control (0 %). The same cuttings of Impatiens hawkeri were selected and potted into plugs. The germination tests showed that 45 days after rapid composting GWC could be considered to be mature. It was therefore concluded that GWC could be successfully used as a good adjuvant for peat substitutes for cutting propagation of Impatiens hawkeri in quantities of 25-50% by volume.
Study on Stability of Ferrate (VI) under the Effect of the Buffering Agent and the Strong Oxidizer
Authors: You Kun , Fu Jing Xiang , Tang Yu Lan , Zhao Yu Hua , Lan Ying Ying
Published: June 2010

In order to extend the preservation time of the ferrate, the experiment was carried out to study the type of strong oxidizer and buffering agent through static comparing test. The orthogonal test determined the best parameters of sulfate type, temperature and the dosage. The result shows that the inhibitory action of Na2S2O8 is the strongest oxidizer, and the temperature had the important role on ferrate stability. The higher temperature, the quicker the ferrate decomposition speed. The Na2S2O8 effect on stability was the best at any temperature and the dosage of Na2S2O8 could be controlled between 0.5% and 1.0%.The carbonate buffering agent could play certain stable effect, the ferrate decomposition is only 7.65% from the 2nd day to the 10th day when the mole ratio of NaHCO3 and NaOH was 2:1 and the density was the ferrate’s 100times.
Spectrum Characteristics and Stability of Anthocyanin Pigment from Hulless Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare)
Authors: Zhao Tao , Yu Mao Qun
Published: June 2010

Anthocyanins are natural colorants which have recently received worldwide attention due to their extensive range of colors, innocuous and beneficial health effects. In this study, anthocyanin pigment isolated from purple hulless barley were subjected to spectral (pH 1~12) and stability analyses (pH 1, 3 and 5). The pigment exhibited red, green or yellow-brown color depending on pHs, and the most reddish (517 nm) and bluish color (582 nm) was around pH 1 and pH 8~9, respectively. The light irradiation and heating (50 and 95 °C) tests indicated that the pigment was more stable at lower pH than at higher pH, and the light and heat could accelerate its color degradation. After 15-day storage under darkness, about 6.8, 7.6, 8.6, 10.4, 11.1 or 17.6% additional anthocyanin residual was respectively observed in the pigment solution (pH 3) in the absence of added 0.25 M KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, ZnCl2 or AlCl3. These results suggested small metal ions, especially highly charged ions had protective effects on storage stability of anthocyanin pigment.
Thin-Film High-Barrier Technology for New Type Packaging Material
Authors: Li Chun Wei , Jiang Xue Song , Zhang Qun Li , Xu Shu Yan , Wang Gui Ying
Published: June 2010

Food Packaging material requires an excellent barrier ability to humidity and oxygen.SiOx barrier thin film deposited on high polymer substrate can compare beauty with aluminum foil in the barrier quality,even more SiOx barrier thin film is obviously allowing microwave permeating directly and it also provide a chance for merchant to vision their production in shelf life.SiOx film as barrier packaging material is becoming a high light.The current status and research progress of new type high barrier thin film packaging material were overviewed and production technology was introduced. The various influencing factors were discussed, including background vacuum, reactive gases, and pretreatment of the substrate surface and properties.
Flake Alignment and Linear Expansion of Various Oriented Strandboard
Authors: Cheng Wan Li , Han Guang Ping
Published: June 2010

Flake alignment level (FAL) is a primary variable in oriented strandboard (OSB) manufacture that significantly affects the properties of OSB panels such as linear expansion (LE). Realizing the differences of FAL and LE among various OSB manufacturers will help the users have a better understanding of OSB performances in utilization. FAL and LE of various commercial OSB were investigated in this study. FAL was analyzed through percent alignment (PA) proposed by R. L. Geimer. This measures the average angle deviation from a reference angle of 45 degrees to the principal alignment direction of the board. It was found that different OSB manufacturers and even the same company showed significant variations in PA. In general, the front sides of panels had superior PA compared to the back sides. LE of commercial OSB had no clear relationships with PA. So it is hard to predict LE from flake alignment for commercial OSB.
Effects of Sulphuric Acid Treatment on Photocatalytic Red Dye of TiO2 Films Prepared by Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Su Hui Dong , Du Hong Lei
Published: June 2010

With tribasic sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) as electrolytic liquid, to adopt micro-arc oxidation (MAO) prepares titanium oxide films directly on the titanium net surface. In order to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films prepared by micro-arc oxidation, the titanium oxide films were treated by Sulphuric acid aqueous. The structures before and after surface acid treatment were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX,and photocatalytic ability of titanium oxide coatings were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of acid brilliant scarlet dye aqueous solution . It was found out that the titanium oxide films were mainly made of titanium and anatase. The sodium at titanium dioxide/itanium (TiO2/Ti) film surface was reduced after the Sulphuric acid treatment. The photocatalytic activity of the titanium oxide films were enhanced after Sulphuric acid treatment. When Sulphuric acidaqueous concentration is 0.1mol•L-1 and soak time is 18 hours, the TiO2/Ti films photocatalytic degradation rate increased from 15% to 31%.
Migration Distribution Features of Phenanthrene in Aquifer
Authors: Sun Da Zhi , Li Xu Qian , Pan Xiao Feng
Published: June 2010

The spatial and temporal distribution of phenanthrene were examined with indoor simulation experiments to study the transportation and transformation of phenathrene in the groundwater aquifer. The result showed that non-point pollution of PAHs is easily formed because of the effects of PAHs pollution’s convection and dispersion along with groundwater. The experiment about relationship between pH, Eh, conductivity and pollution plume of phenathrene revealed that variation trend of pH and conductivity are the same. Yet Eh variation is just contrary as the average rising ratios were 0.194 mv/d and 0.163 mv/d, respectively. The natural attenuation of phenanthrene pollutants in aquifer is obvious for the initial 80 days. The three stages about variation of phenanthrene in groundwater aquifer were slow decline stage (stage I), rapid decline stage (stage II) and stationary stage (III stage). The removal rate of phenanthrene by aquifer is 37.2 %, which adapts to stage II concerning groundwater remediation.
Study on the Optimal Fermentation Time and Kinetics of Bioflocculant Produced by Bacterium F2
Authors: Xing Jie , Yang Ji Xian , Ma Fang , Wei Li , Liu Ke Xin
Published: June 2010

We isolated flocculants-producing bacteria F2 from soil. It shows high and stable flocculating activity for Kaolin clay suspension. In order to increase yield of flocculants, we need determine the optimal obtained time. We measured the changes of several parameters using shaking flask experiment, including flocculating- rate, the content of polysaccharide, protein and glucose. It’s showed that the optimal obtained time of bio-flocculants is 21 h. And we built the model about the production of bio-flocculants. Through the comparison of experimental data and the corresponding calculated values from the models, we found that the data joint well and the model can provide theoretical basis for Industrialization of bio-flocculants.
Scenic Quality of Highway Landscape Evaluation: A Case Study from China
Authors: Li Hong Jie , Zhang Xiao Ning
Published: June 2010

Explores empirically the formative factors of the scenic quality concerned with highway landscape evaluation. Based on earlier works the formative factors are comprehensively considered and summed up. Then EFA (exploratory factor analyses) and CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) are made by way of 112 questionnaires, which have all been completed and returned to develop a 6-dimensional model to reveal the scenic landscape beauty. Fitting the model by introducing SEM (structural equation modeling) the formative factors are verified including the six scenic quality aspects as follows: vividness, variety, cultural, naturalness, comfort and security.