bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trump's Strategies in the First Presidential Debate: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Quang Nhat , Sawalmeh Murad Hassan Mohammed
Published: April 2021

The young and vibrant 243-year-old U.S. has long claimed its status as a world power. As stated by the U.S.'s Congressional Research Service (2019), the U.S. shoulders the responsibility of defending and promoting freedom, democracy, and universal values, which means that America, being an active internationalist global leader, a superpower, and a world policeman, has been maintaining the power of manipulating partially, if not most, the whole world. This attention gains more significance as Donald Trump aims to take center stage once more in the presidential campaign in 2020. The way Americans choose their presidents will affect the world situation in many respects. While it is noticeable that there is an anti-intellectual trend in presidential discourse (Lim, 2008), Trump's presidential linguistic style is highly distinctive in terms of its simplicity, anti-elitism, and collectivism (Oliver & Rahn, 2016). Realizing the importance of Donald Trump's linguistic presidential style, the attention that it drew, and the likelihood that Trump may reuse his approach in the 2020 presidential campaign, this study focuses on the first presidential debate's strategies of Donald Trump in 2016. The analysis of the debate's strategies is influenced by the works of Fairclough (1993), Halliday (1971) and Goffman (1967). The results of the study revealed that Trump combined four strategies of presidential debates, including (1) self-acclamation, (2) describing opposing candidates through the verbal attack, (3) self-rectification or image-enhancement through the defense against opposing candidates' blaming argument, and (4) extra-vocalization. Trump's presidential speech is a source of valuable knowledge that makes use of both typical candidates' traditional strategies with a more business-oriented approach. It is hoped that this study might be a valuable foundation on which researchers can rely to consider Trump's changes in linguistic style when he comes to the upcoming presidential campaigns in 2020.
Contribution of Multiple Intelligences to L2 Writing of EFL Learners
Authors: Shafiee Sajad , Mobini Marziye , Namaziandost Ehsan , Ghodoosi Sharareh
Published: April 2021

The present study was carried out to unveil the predictive power of multiple-intelligences (MI) in accounting for different components of L2 writing.  To do so, through an OPT, 120 intermediate EFL learners were selected. In one class session, the researcher gave McKenzie's (1999) MI questionnaire to the learners and asked them to fill out the questionnaire. In the subsequent session, the participants were asked to write an argumentative essay about a topic within 60 minutes. The learners' writings were scored from 1 to 4 based on each component of writing under question (i.e., content, organization, cohesion, vocabulary, grammar, spelling, and pronunciation). Finally, the learners' answers to the questionnaire were quantified and their performances on the writing test were scored by two raters (and the inter-rater reliability calculated through Pearson correlation equaled .86). Multivariate regression in AMOS (version 22) was used to analyze the data, and to show which types of MIs contributed more to different aspects of L2 writing. The results of this investigation showed that certain types of multiple-intelligences affected certain components of the students’ writing. More precisely, it was unraveled that logical and musical intelligences contributed more to the relevance and adequacy of content; on the other hand, verbal, musical, and naturalistic intelligences  bore effects on learners' writing organization; logical, existential, and verbal intelligences played a significant part in the learners' cohesion; logical and intrapersonal intelligences contributed more to the adequacy of vocabulary for purpose; musical, logical and intrapersonal intelligences could significantly account for the grammar of written productions; visual and kinesthetic intelligences were most effective in the punctuation components of L2 writings; finally, EFL learners' spelling was influenced by logical, musical, existential, and interpersonal intelligences. The results of the study bear significant implications for L2 writing researchers and teachers.
Situating Mohammed Arkoun: A Tribute to a Passionate Critic
Authors: Zbir Abdallah
Published: April 2021

The image of Arkoun as a brilliant scholar is highly recognized among his contemporaries. His philosophy is still being treated as a true work of mind, a reflection on reality and a representation of it whatever aspect it takes. Although it seems in adherence to consensus principles of thought and knowledge in the present time, it is very autonomous in the sense it deals with its subject-matters in decidedly Islamic terms; i.e., it belongs to Arkoun’s own culture, tradition and history in many ways as far as it represents his own revolutionary state of mind, somehow, not a replicate of others'. In this context, it adds very significantly to the accumulation of modern thought in an Islamic intellectual atmosphere of despair and deception.
Analytical Study of Remorse in Religious Texts in English and Arabic Languages
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Sultan , Abood Sameer Abdulrazak
Published: April 2021

Remorse is a contrite emotion experienced by a person who regrets actions which are deemed to be hurtful, shameful, or violent. Presumably remorse in religion may be different from that of ordinary life. Furthermore, remorse linguistically manifests itself in different manners and behaviors (direct, indirect, declarative, and imperative). The permanent study confines itself within the religious texts in English and Arabic languages. The data chosen for this purpose are the Old testament of Bible as an English data and Al-Sahifa al Sajadia as an Arabic data. The study targets at showing how in religious text, the majority of remorse are realized in declarative rather than imperative or exclamation utterances though there is a chance for the last two options to occur. Furthermore, most Arabic religious remorse is identified in direct speech acts while English remorse is realized throughout indirect speech act. The study answers a set of empirical questions: 1-What makes remorse different from similar speech acts which seem outwardly the same but inwardly not, like; guilt, regret, repentance and other likes 2- What are the similarities and differences in both languages in question. An eclectic model is adopted for the analysis. The study illustrates that Remorse in religious language is not the same to that one of ordinary life since the former but not necessarily the latter  targets repentance to be its own goal. Moreover there is a variation in the use of  it in of both languages though there are some similarities. Arabic language proved to be profoundly richer than English. What distinguishes the former is the abundance of exclamation and imperative modes, the descriptive phrases, the direct speech acts besides the active voice and declarative mode which represent the similarities between the two languages.
An Expanded Classification System of Linguistic Landscape and the Analysis of Dual Discourse Signage
Authors: Li Yi
Published: April 2021

This paper is a 7-year-long empirical research carried out in China’s southern cities of Guangzhou and Dongguan, with an aim to chart the unfamiliar “middle-ground” between the categories of public and private signage, which is inadequately discussed in conventional linguistic landscape studies. The paper offers substantial evidence to challenge the public and private or from-above and from-below dichotomy paradigm, and proposes a new category of “public-private dual discourse signage” in-between as a complement to the conventional categorization scheme. In the new system, two major types, namely mixing signage and hybrid signage are divided, and four subtypes are further elaborated, with samples discussed in detail. General background research and sociolinguistic studies such as geosemiotic and multimodal analysis are carried out to reveal the multiple driving forces behind the dual discourse signs. It is discovered that the signs’ ownership structure and operation modes are crucial in explaining the complex phenomenon, longitudinal data draws distinctive trajectories and patterns for different subtypes of dual discourse signage. Furthermore, the practical implications and a possible shared future of harmony for the dual discourse signs is discussed.
A Critical Review of the Oxford Q-Skills Placement Test at a Saudi Arabian University
Authors: Kadwa Mohammed Siddique , Sheik Ayub
Published: April 2021

There is a genuine need to ascertain Saudi Arabian university entrants’ English language abilities upon admission. In order to accurately determine the English language levels of students, this study evaluates the Q-Skills Placement Test (QSPT) designed by Oxford University through the most recent evaluative model in English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL); the Cambridge VRIPQ (2013) model. The data used to evaluate the efficacy and predictive power of the QSPT is obtained through both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitatively, the QSPT results are statistically analyzed, whilst from a qualitative approach, interviews, and focus group discussions with teachers and students provide depth and insight. The strengths and weaknesses of the placement test are discussed here from a critical perspective with a view towards the improvement of the test. Although the test proved to be valid, it lacked the acknowledgement of the students’ context and was not able to discriminate accurately for students who scored less than 30% on the test.
English as a Foreign Language: Insights from a Public University in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Afzal
Published: April 2021

This study intends to examine the perspective of learners from a public university regarding English Language Teaching (ELT) syllabus and pedagogy. The learners in this study are studying Masters (MA) in ELT at Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU). MBSTU is a public university situated in Tangail, Bangladesh. Being their direct teacher, I thought it would be interesting to find out how my students are perceiving ELT courses, in fact the process of data collection and analysis has been an important learning experience for myself, allowing me to delve into the loopholes and strengths of the current ELT curriculum.  The survey questionnaire was sent to thirty of the currently enrolled MA students but fourteen responses were obtained due to the current Corona virus pandemic situation. It is worthwhile to mention that this is the first cohort of students for the MA in ELT program at MBSTU. The MA in ELT program was introduced in the university in 2019. This study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire, and data was analyzed qualitatively. The findings from the study suggest that the students prioritize speaking English fluently and pronouncing English vocabulary correctly. The MA syllabus was highly commended by students as it focuses on pronunciation through the course of Phonetics and Phonology.
The Effect of Motivation on Moroccan Secondary School students’ Language Proficiency
Authors: HARROUDI Yassine , OUBAHA Driss
Published: April 2021

English language is considered as a global language, and with every single day, its users are increasing especially in the Arab world. The present study is exploratory in nature, investigating the effect of motivations on students’ English proficiency. It was meant to see whether there is any significant correlation between this variable as well as students’ English proficiency in the secondary level in Morocco. Additionally, it examines the extent to which there would be differences in language skills, domains and final foreign-language grades among high-school students completing a second year of English as a foreign-language in a foreign context such as the Moroccan one. Oral and written proficiency measures were adopted and administered by the researcher himself and with the help of participating teachers in addition to language supervisors (inspectors). The participants in this study are second year Moroccan EFL students enrolled for the school year 2017.The study incorporates quantitative as well as qualitative approach and has used a proficiency test, questionnaires besides an observational instrument to collect data from respondents. Initially, a total number of about 101 students participated in the study but only 78-ended taking part in the study. The data obtained has been quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed with ANOVA test of Fisher and the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). From the findings of the data, the study concludes that Moroccan students have overall differences among the two proficiency groups (High, Low) and study disciplines (Science or Letter). Conclusions and implications about connections among foreign-language proficiency language skills, attitudes, motivations are presented as well as discussed.
Can Futsugo be Acceptable in Hotel Services? A Case Study of a Hotel in Bali
Authors: Kusumarini Indah , Simpen I Wayan , Budiarsa Made , Laksana I Ketut Darma
Published: April 2021

This article discusses futsugo (Japanese daily language). The aim of this research is to know whether Futsugo style can be used at hotel services. As we know that hotels are the main constituent of the hospitality industry which keep special attention to courtesy and services, so is it possible for the hotel staff to use it? Does it threaten guests' faces?  The data analyzed is conversation instances between Japanese guests and hotel staff in Bali hotels. The sampling used is a random sampling technique. The sample used in the study is 10 hotels out of 73 five-star hotels in Bali. The conversation data is recorded with mobile phones by hotel staff. The total number of the hotel staff members as the subjects of this research is 15 participants. The data was conducted from May 2019 till August 2019. Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory is used to analyze conversations between Japanese guests and hotel staff in Bali from the stages of arrival, familiarization, and engagement until departure. Based on data analysis, it is known that generally hotel staff use negative politeness strategies alternately with positive politeness strategies depending on the context of the speech situation. From these four those stages, it is found that Futsugo  utterances are  at the engagement stage.  Futsugo style was used by the staff during handling guest complaints. In one dialogue, Futsugo's utterance was found in the form of question sentences without question marks, but using the rising intonation and confirmation of the guest’s answer without the copula desu. According to the analysis of the conversation data, futsugo utterances are used by hotel staff and guests as a practical way of communicating. Futsugo's utterances which tend to be short are easier to catch by the ear, making it easier to handle guest complaints. If viewed from the perspective of politeness theory, this speech can still be accepted. It can be seen from the whole conversation where negative politeness strategies and positive politeness strategies are applied in one dialogue that the appearance of Futsugo's utterances is still considered acceptable and does not threaten guests' faces.
Teacher Talk and Learner Involvement in EFL Classroom: The Case of Saudi Setting
Authors: Hamdan Ayman Hamad Elneil , Elandeef Elsadig Ali Elsadig
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the maximum output of minimizing teacher talk and activating classroom interactivity in teaching English as a foreign language in light of 21st-century skills.  It focuses on the self-evaluation of teacher talk (SETT model) and classroom interactional competence (CIC) that guides the teachers to use interaction as a tool to give their learners enough learning opportunities. Teacher talking time is analyzed from a dualistic perspective, quantity and quality. The classroom interaction's analysis is based on the micro contexts and the pedagogic aspects. This research is conducted with a qualitative approach and content analysis method. The data source is the recording of ten English classes at the college of sciences and arts in Dhahran Aljanoub, King Khalid University (KKU). The study's findings have revealed that instructors dominate talking in English class and pose questions to students to minimise teacher talking time, and the most interactional features are based on displaying questions and teachers' domination of English classroom discourse.
Exploration of the Compilation of English Learning Materials for Chinese College Students Based on Big Data under the Guidance of Complex Dynamic Theory
Authors: Feng Mao , Quan Li , Biyu Wu
Published: April 2021

With the help of big data and Citespace software, this research makes a statistical analysis of the journals and dissertations on College English teaching and learning materials collected by CNKI from 2011 to 2020. This paper, based on the knowledge map drawn by the visualized analysis of literatures volume, authors, research institutions and keywords clustering, analyzes the current research status and hotspots in the compilation of China’s College English textbooks. It is found that there are six problems in the compilation. Because of the complexity of teaching and learning materials and the dynamic progress of language learning, the nature of English teaching and learning materials is bound to turn from a learning tool to learning resources. Thus, this research, from the perspective of Complex Dynamic System Theory, attempts to develop big data-based College English learning materials with digital, individual and multi-dimensional characteristics by three paths: the establishment of big data-based English learning behaviors index system, the development of big data-based College English learning materials and the application of big data-based College English learning materials. This paper will explore a new way of developing China’s College English learning materials, improve and optimize the compilation and development of College English learning materials in China.
THE WASH: A Traditional Ethnic Play in The Mainstream Arena
Authors: Ismail Hisham Muhamad
Published: April 2021

The Wash is considered the third part of Philip Kan Gotanda’s family trilogy alongside with A Song for a Nisei Fisherman and Fish Head Soup. This series represents his sincere attempt to discover and truly depict the Japanese American family, as well as to delve deeper and deeper into it. The idea of the play is mainly driven from two real-life stories. The first is about a friend whose elderly nisei mother has left her father and begins a new relationship, but this story did not spread in the Japanese American community. The second is about a writer whose ex-husband still comes to cut her garden even after the divorce. And both stories represent the old traditions in this community, which Gotanda himself tries to expose and criticize at the same time. Gotanda uses this play to push the restrictions of his ethnic community to be familiar in the mainstream arena.
Analyse des compétences de l’écriture des apprenants Kenyans du FLE à travers les textes injonctifs
Authors: Odiala Veronica Akoth , Auma Rose , Kazadi Isidore Muteba
Published: April 2021

Cette étude à caractère descriptive s’est intéressé aux compétences des apprenants kenyans du FLE à travers leurs productions écrites, sous forme de textes injonctifs-recettes et programmes. Étant donnée l’apprentissage tardif du FLE longtemps après l’acquisition et/ou apprentissage de la langue maternelle, de l’anglais (langue officielle) et du Kiswahili (langue nationale), ainsi que la durée insuffisante de l’apprentissage de 308 heures (sur à peu près 5000 heures pour les quatre ans d’étude secondaire), nous nous sommes demandés si les apprenants sont capables de produire des textes injonctif-instructionnels. L’étude a eu pour objectif de/d’ : évaluer la capacité des élèves de FLE à produire des écrits sous forme de textes injonctif-instructionnels, établir leurs compétences en production écrite et illustrer les erreurs commises par ceux-ci dans leurs textes. L’étude était fondée sur la Théorie de l'Interlangue. Afin de recueillir des informations sur notre objet de recherche, nous avons demandé aux sujets venant de 7 écoles publiques secondaires au centre-ville de Kisumu, de rédiger chacun, deux textes injonctif-instructionnels: une recette de cuisine et un programme. Nous avons fait recours à la grille d’évaluation de la production écrite (CAMPUS) et à une analyse de contenu - type classique. L’étude a confirmé que la compétence linguistique et la compétence générale d’écriture ne sont pas maîtrisées. Ce qui montre que l’apprenant de FLE a encore quelques faiblesses en production écrite des textes injonctif-instructionnels.
The Impact of Teaching Compensatory Strategies on Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill: The Case of Approximation, Appealing for the Help, Code-switching, and Time-gaining
Authors: Amari Abdolamir
Published: April 2021

This study examined the impacts of using Compensatory Strategies (CSs) on speaking skill of Iranian EFL learners. To conduct this research, 50 Iranian intermediate EFL learners were chosen among 80 students and then, they were divided into two equal groups- one experimental group and one control group. The groups then were pretested by a speaking pre-test. After that, the participants of the experimental group were taught by using the CSs including approximation, appealing for the help, code switching, and time-gaining. On the other hand, the participants of the control group received traditional activities in learning speaking such as repetition and over-learning. After the treatment, both groups took the post-test of speaking. The results of paired and independent samples t-tests indicated that the experimental group outflanked the control group on the post-test. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the performance of the experimental group and the control group on the post-test.
Exploring the Components of Digital literacy Curriculum: EFL and IT Instructors’ Voice
Authors: Forutanian Shadi
Published: April 2021

Every day we are moving toward digitalization and computerization. In education and especially online learning, we are observing fast developments. The need of a digital curriculum and digital literacy for better teaching and learning is sensible. Thus, a digital literacy curriculum is a necessary tool for teachers and students. This qualitative study explored some components of the digital literacy curriculum based on EFL and IT instructors’ voice. Also, the researchers found digital tools that they used a lot and their purposes behind applying these digital tools. The results show that EFL and IT instructors had focused on production, communication, evaluation of digital skills in cyberspace. Most of them were aware of digital literacy definition and suggested some components of the digital literacy definition components and suggested designing a digital literacy curriculum. Among all digital tools, they used WhatsApp and Bigbluebutton more. Based on all retrieved data, the researchers proposed a digital literacy curriculum framework and identified the need for further study about applying this framework in real life. Doing need analysis before designing a digital literacy curriculum to know students' and teachers' digital talent and awareness is another area that further research should have done.
Research Capability of Teachers: Its Correlates, Determinants and Implications for Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Caingcoy Manuel
Published: April 2021

Recently, research capability has received an overwhelming and remarkable interest among academics and practitioners. This is timely since the Department of Education had institutionalized research and encouraged teachers to engage in it to support evidence-based practice, decision-making, policy, and program development. On these premises, a study was carried out to assess the research capability of public teachers in Malaybalay City, determine its correlates and determinants. It utilized descriptive, correlational, and explanatory designs. It administered survey questionnaires to 92 participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that teachers were slightly capable of conducting research and having neutral attitudes toward it, motivated to write research, had a high level of difficulties in research processes, and moderately capable of action planning. They also show evidence of potential in mentoring. Further, mentoring and action planning skills, motivation to write research, attitudes toward research, and the number of studies completed by teachers were the correlates of their research capability at different magnitudes of the relationship. Notably, the research capability of teachers had a low, negative but significant relationship with their age and accumulated years of service. Thus, this capability deteriorates as they age and accumulate years of service. The motivation to write research, the number of studies completed, and age were the determinants of research capability. It was concluded that research capability can be determined and predicted by how motivated teachers are to write research, how productive they are in research, and how young they are when they engage in this rigorous endeavor. The study identified and recommended topics for continuing professional development.
Complex Deictic Centers, Projections and Context Deictic Centers in Al-Araff Verse
Authors: Ali Bushra W.
Published: April 2021

The study examines the deixis in the Al-Araff verse selected from the Holy Quran, especially the complex as a new type of deixis. The content analysis of deixis is time, place, person deictic centers, context, and deictic projections. The results show that we can guess a new type of deixis which is the complex deictic center of person because so many words in Arabic language are able to hold two references for two words, this is in complex word that can be named as complex deixis. Moreover, time and person deictic centers become a deictic projection at some places, and we have place and time deictic centers which are context deixis that can be predicted by the general atmosphere. The deictic centers of place are divided into high and low deictic centers. Also, the deictic centers of time are divided into beginning and end deictic centers. The person deictic center is divided into good and bad deictic centers. Using Levinson’s ideas and divisions about deictic center can be presented in this sense.
Presuppositions and Assertions: A Case Study on Acquisition of Most Common Presupposition Triggers in Early Childhood
Authors: Idrees Sumaira
Published: April 2021

This research aims to find out the acquisition of lexical presupposition triggers in early childhood. Children acquire semantic knowledge later than acquiring phonemes and uttering words. At what age the acquisition of lexical presupposition triggers is acquired is the question answered through this research. I also identify the incorrect and sensible usage along with the acquisitional challenge. In order to do so, Brown corpus is utilised. Out of three children Adam, Sara and Eve, Adam’s speech is analysed for the presence of lexical presupposition triggers. Again, a lexical presupposition trigger occurred 189 times in Adam’s speech. The methodology involved two phases. In the first phase, I sifted each utterance carrying again according to age, context, and the status of the utterance. The findings are presented in the form of a table. The next phase involves analysis of the instances collected. Examples are analysed in terms of mere repetitions, frequent use and acquiring a sensible usage of the lexical trigger again. I used comparison tool to analyse the examples further making clear distinction between the phenomenon of assertion and presupposition. The results show that the phenomenon of presupposition is acquired by the age of three and half years. By year four, Adam starts acquiring different syntactic structures involving the usage of the lexical trigger again and shows sensible usage by age five. The acquisitional challenge is the age and lack of interaction with the outer environment. The implications of this research would be that it will prompt to make further research on other children and other lexical triggers in future.
Gender Role and Supervisory Styles of Public-School Heads
Authors: Tan Rosalinda A. , Argate Rex , Barcoso Harline L.
Published: April 2021

The study focused on the administrative and supervisory functions of male and female school heads in public schools of Cebu City Division. The key informants were school heads and teachers from sixteen districts in Cebu City Division. The school head informants were chosen according to the number of administrative and instructional experience. The school heads had at least five years leadership experience. The teacher informants were chosen at random by the researcher. The main instrument of the study was the researcher and the key informants. The study utilized interview guides covering different areas of administrative management and instructional leadership function. In administrative management the informants were interviewed about the distinct practices of male and female school heads involving human research management, physical facilities management, fiscal management, data management, linkage management, communication and conflict management. In instructional leadership function, the key informants talked about the distinct practices of male and female school heads in instructional supervision, curriculum leadership and staff development. Based on the findings of the study, the following propositions were drawn: one, administrative function could be gauged by physical facilities, teacher behavior and student development; two, instructional leadership is contributed by learning performance outcome and teacher competence; third, gender bears the administrative function and instructional leadership. From the different propositions mentioned, this theory was generated, Tan’s Gender Role Orientation Theory of Institutional Management. After the conduct of the study and the theory generated, it is revealed that administrative and instructional leadership styles of male and female school heads can be influenced by gender orientation.
Challenges of Student-mothers in the Tertiary Education of University of Perpetual Help System-DALTA
Authors: Dasig Josephine Pineda
Published: April 2021

This paper utilized phenomenological qualitative research to determine the lived experiences of ten students who are also mothers in pursuing their college education. The participants were identified using purposive sampling. The participants were screened using the following inclusion criteria: enrolled in any bachelor’s degree and had one or more children. The researcher used an informal interview as tool in gathering the data. Five themes emerged from the participants’ data: the meaning of a woman and a mother, becoming young mothers, the importance of fulfilling their dreams, the challenges and difficulties they faced in their studies, and the effect of schooling in their life. All   participants believed that women are strong in facing the adversities in life. On the other hand, mothers to the participants need not depend on men to support their children. The participants also likened the word mother to love and sacrifice. The lived experiences of these student-mothers won my admiration for they live their life to the fullest by becoming good mothers at the same time good students.
Effects of Fermentated Feed and Probiotic + Acidifier Supplements on Glucose Levels and Abdomen Chicken Fat Broiler
Authors: Nikmah Askura , Ridhana Fita , Fitri Ilma , Hikmah Hikmah
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding probiotic acidifier on the condition of the digestive tract, glucose levels and abdominal fat in broiler chickens. This research conducted in Takengon, Central Aceh District. The parameters observed were the condition of the digestive tract, blood glucose levels and the percentage of abdominal fat. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed the use of a 1: 1 mixture of probiotics and acidifier to level 0. The 3% added to the commercial ration which was substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) had no significant effect (P <0.05) on weight and percentage of Gizzard, Gizzard pH and Intestine pH, Intestinal Length, Weight and Percent of Abdominal Fat, as well as blood glucose levels in broiler chickens. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson weight and percentage of abdominal fat, as well as blood glucose levels of broiler chickens. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson weight and percentage of abdominal fat, as well as blood glucose levels of broiler chickens. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson (1993), which ranges from 13 to 27 ml / dl or 130 to 270 mg / dl. It is suspected that this is due to increased digestive activity in chickens so that more nutrients are absorbed.
Usefulness of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Islam Nasreen , Hossain Mohammad Delwar , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Ahmed Jamal Uddin , Amin Muhammad Kamrul , Afroz Farhana
Published: April 2021

Background: Diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is often delayed because of diverse clinical presentations and difficulties in establishing the bacteriological diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate usefulness of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary TB in Bangladeshi patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2013 to 2016 as a part of Bangladesh Diabetic Somiti (BADAS)-USAID-TB Care-II project. Representative samples from 590 clinically suspected extra-pulmonary TB cases were tested for GeneXpert MTB/RIF along with conventional methods.

Results: Total patients were 590 [mean age 43.9 (range 1-95) years] with male predominance (326, 55.3%). Most (513, 86.9%) patients were diabetic and new (574, 97.3%) TB suspects; while 16 (2.7%) patients had past history of TB. Common samples were pleural fluid (125, 21.2%), urine (110, 18.6%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (91, 15.4%), pus (82, 13.9%), tracheal aspirates (57, 9.7%), ascitic fluid (45, 7.6%), gastric lavage (31, 5.3%), broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) (18, 3.1%), lymph node aspirates (11, 1.9%) and synovial fluid (8, 1.4%). Among 590 samples, 68 (11.5%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnostic yield was common for lymph nodes (4/7, 57.1%), pus (25/82, 30.5%), BAL (4/18, 22.2%), tracheal aspirates (8/57, 14.0%), urine (7/110, 6.4%), CSF (6/91, 6.6%) and pleural fluid (7/125, 5.6%). Of the 68 GeneXpert MTB/RIF positive samples, 52 (76.1%) were rifampicin sensitive, 16 (23.9%) showed intermediate sensitivity and none of the samples was resistant to rifampicin.

Conclusions: GeneXpert MTB/RIF appeared as useful tool for diagnosing extra-pulmonary TB.

Birdem Med J 2021; 11(2): 121-124
Acute pulmonary embolism complicating deep vein thrombosis in a young patient with stroke
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Mirazur , Habib Farjana Binte , Kabir Ahmed Imran , Islam Samprity , Chakrabortty Rajashish , Hossain AKM Mosharraf
Published: April 2021

Acute pulmonary embolism is one of the most common causes of vascular death after myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents. It usually presents with severe chest pain and shortness of breath and occasionally occurs in the background of deep vein thrombosis. A 32-year-old male presented with swelling of left lower limb and shortness of breath. Subsequent investigations revealed that he developed DVT of left lower limb and pulmonary embolism. However, in general, if left untreated, pulmonary embolism is associated with an overall mortality of up to 30 percent compared with 2 to 11 percent in those treated with anticoagulation. Early diagnosis by D-dimer, computed tomograpgy pulmonary angiogram and doppler study of the left lower limb and prompt intervention through low molecular weight heparin and rivaroxaban led to a successful outcome in our case.

Birdem Med J 2021; 11(2): 142-144
From the desk of Executive Editor Vol11(2)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: April 2021

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2021; 11(2): 156
Surface roughness of composite resins submitted to three different finish and polish systems
Authors: Morais-Sousa Lorem Krsna de , Lima Isabela Pinheiro Cavalcanti , Nascimento-Júnior Francisco de Assis do , Mendes Adrielly Fonseca , Tabosa Taynara de Araújo Ribeiro
Published: April 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro performance of three different finishing and polishing systems, concerning providing better surface smoothness. Materials and methods: 2x4 mm specimens were made with 6 composites: Filtek Z250, Classic Herculite, Opalis, Filtek Z350, Zirconfilll and Estelite Omega, which were subsequently divided into four groups according to a different finishing system (Sof-Lex, OptiDisc, Praxis and Control). After polishing, twelve specimens were distributed to each of the six resins studied, making a total of 72 samples (n = 3), which had their roughness evaluated by a contact roughnessmeter. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test with Bonferroni adjustment were used to search for significant differences. Values ​​were considered significant when p <0.05. Results: The roughness values ​​for finishing systems showed statistical differences between OpiDisc x Praxis (p = 1,000), OpiDisc and Sof-lex (p = 0.605) and Control and all systems (p <0.0001). There was no statistical difference when analyzing the combination of resin x system. The Mylar strip provided surface quality. Conclusions: The size, composition and shape of the filler influenced the surface. Sof-lex and Praxis showed similar results, thus being a good choice for polishing. Clinical Relevance: This study aimed to help the professional in the choice of a better material in the polishing step.
Qualidade de sementes de soja após a inoculação de biológicos em campo
Authors: Lima Roney Eloy , Aguilera Jorge González , Zuffo Alan Mario , Alves Charline Zaratin , Ratke Rafael Felippe , Nogueira Graziely Alves , Teixeira Anielle Verzotto , Cândido Ana Carina da Silva
Published: April 2021

A combinação de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio e fungos biocontroladores que interferem no desenvolvimento de plantas pode constituir uma ferramenta que permita promover uma melhor qualidade de sementes obtidas sob estas combinações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a interação de bioprodutos a base de Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma asperrellum e BioAx aplicados no solo visando melhorar a qualidade de sementes em cultivares de soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 4, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em três cultivares de soja [Brasmax Foco IPRO, Brasmax Desafio IPRO e Brasmax Bônus IPRO] e quatro biológicos [T1- Azospirillum brasilense + Bradyrhizobium japonicum, T2- BioAx, T3- Trichoderma asperrellum, e T4- a combinação dos três biológicos]. Avaliou-se: a primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, condutividade elétrica, massa seca da parte área e de raízes de plântulas e teste de tetrazólio (vigor e viabilidade). Os resultados mostraram que as respostas obtidas foram dependentes das cultivares avaliadas, e que Brasmax Foco IPRO e Brasmax Desafio IPRO apresentaram maior qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O efeito dos biológicos dependem da cultivar da soja; em cultivares com maior qualidade fisiológica o efeito do biológico não é evidente. Entretanto, em cultivares com menor qualidade fisiológica (Brasmax Bônus IPRO), o efeito dos biológicos é mais evidente, constituindo assim uma excelente alternativa de se melhorar a qualidade das sementes de soja com o uso combinado de biológicos.
Boas práticas de enfermagem relacionadas ao uso de sonda enteral
Authors: Corrêa Aline Sandra Gomes , Ferreira Célia Regina Gonçalves , Moreira Glauver Alves , Junqueira Herley de Oliveira Diniz , Almeida Luana Ferreira de , Pereira Sandra Regina Maciqueira , Paula Vanessa Galdino de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Identificar as boas práticas de enfermagem, relacionadas ao uso de sonda enteral. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa, a partir de publicações indexadas nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), o portal PubMed e a biblioteca digital Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Foram incluídos na busca estudos disponíveis em texto completo, publicados entre janeiro de 2014 a abril de 2019, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, relacionados a pacientes acima de 18 anos. Excluídos aqueles com duplicidade e que não correspondiam a temática. Na consulta às bases de dados, foram utilizados os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Alimentação por tubo”, “Cuidados de enfermagem”; “Intubação Gastrointestinal”, associados através do conector boleano “and”. Posteriormente, os artigos foram categorizados quanto ao título, autores, periódico, ano de publicação, país e tipo de estudo. Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 artigos que atendiam a todos os critérios estabelecidos, resultando em quatro categorias temáticas: “Uso de protocolos relacionados ao uso de sonda enteral”; “Verificação do posicionamento da sonda enteral”; “Conhecimento sobre terapia nutricional enteral” e “Prevenção de eventos adversos”. Conclusão: Observou-se que as boas práticas relacionadas ao uso de sonda enteral vão além da correta instalação da própria, abrangendo também as orientações à família e equipes e principalmente cumprimento dos protocolos institucionais.
Os agravos psicossociais e a saúde mental da equipe de enfermagem na transcedência ao pós-pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Paes Carmen Lúcia de Araújo , Ferreira Ilma Pastana , Gouveia Amanda Ouriques de , Santos Valeria Regina Cavalcante dos
Published: April 2021

Os aumentos dos índices de agravos psicossociais veem afetando a saúde mental da equipe de saúde, e esse acontecimento são atribuídos ao atual cenário vivido na pandemia do Covid-19 desde março de 2020, sendo os profissionais de enfermagem mais atingidos. Tem como objetivo analisar estudos sobre o adoecer dos trabalhadores da saúde, em especial os da equipe de enfermagem e a forma como eles interagem com o trabalho na transcendência ao pós-pandemia do Covid-19. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de natureza quantitativa e descritiva. A equipe de saúde em especial a de enfermagem está vulnerável para desenvolver frustações e insegurança no trabalho, principalmente neste cenário de pandemia do Covid-19, resultando aumento no índice de agravos psicossociais como depressão, ansiedade, estresse, distúrbio do sono, fadiga, desgaste físico e mental e outros, comprometendo a saúde mental desses profissionais. Desse modo, como agenda de pesquisa alternativa, sugerem-se as seguintes indagações: a) analisar os benefícios e deletérios da Covid-19 no psicológico da equipe de enfermagem; b) observar os agravos psicossociais e inadequações nos atendimentos de profissionais com agravos psicossociais pela pandemia; c) avaliar a eficácia do suporte oferecido a saúde desses profissionais, assim como, a articulação desta assistência.
Challenges faced by the youth regarding participation in family farming in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Safdar , Khan Ghazanfar A. , Iftikhar Muhammad , Munir Hassan
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted in District Nankana Sahib aiming at exploring the challenges hampering the participation of rural youth in family farming. Total 360 respondents selected through snowball sampling technique were interviewed through face-to-face interview technique on a structured, validated and pretested interview schedule. Collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings unveiled that a little more than half (56.7%) of respondents had experience of family farming surpassing over 15 years. Greater than half (51.2%) of respondents had overwhelmed reliance on farming only in order to generate income. This study confirms that, personal factors (wandering, studentship, dependency on elders and lack of confidence), cultural (litigation, social injustice, generational gap), marketing (inflation, crashed marketing) and farming related factors (small land size, high production cost, land ownership, poor return and labour intensiveness) were the key factors hindering the participation of rural youth in family farming. This study urges a pivotal role of agricultural institutions to assist and train youth for the persuasion to join family faring. Government should be on board the policies to make agriculture a profitable venture, thus the youth can be mobilized to participate in family farming. The concept of family farming is also required to be familiarised among youth through interactive approach of media.
Dekolonialt socialt arbete
Authors: Mulinari Paula , Tahvilzadeh Nazem , Kings Lisa
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the conditions and strategies for creating a critical and decolonial social work in the urban periphery. IIn this article we explore Save the Children’s program ”On equal terms”, that during the past decade created a space for local mobilization in several areas in Sweden, with the purpose of resolving communal problems. The article identifies three elements as central for their critical social work: the empowerment of a new generation of social organizers grounded in the urban periphery; the forming of alliances for the purpose of developing new languages and strategies to address problems and solutions in alternative ways; and the construction of counter-publics through the appropriation of space for the establishment of citizen-driven meeting places. Through these strategies and conditions, a decolonial social work was formed. Inspired by theories of resistance and mobilization, we interpret the work of ”On equal terms” as an expression of the politics of public-making and border work that transcends the separation between activism and social work, giving space for new alternatives and horizons.