bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting the Open Science culture in university libraries of developing countries: case studies of the French-speaking universities of Belgium cooperation programs in the Global South
Authors: Brodkom Frédéric , Pochet Bernard
Published: November 2017

Watch the VIDEO here. Presenter - Frédéric Brodkom.The ARES-CCD (formerly CUD) is the French-speaking universities and high-school of Belgium Commission for the Cooperation to Development. With an annual budget of 31 M€ fully dedicated to the academic development of actually 19 universities of North and Central Africa, South-East Asia, Western South America and Greater Antilles, this commission brings together volunteers of the academic, scientific and administrative staffs of our universities. Since 2000, librarians are strongly involved in this project with the aim to develop the partner’s libraries, to improve their infrastructures and operations, to facilitate their access to documentary resources and to strengthen their librarians' skills.Given the important documentary needs of students and researchers in the South and the lack of financial resources, the promotion of Open Science is more than an obvious. We will show that, in addition to our activities of purchasing books or materials, basic training or library renovation, we develop, in close partnership with our colleagues, the Open Science culture in six fields:(1) The installation and support of open-source ILS (mainly KOHA and PMB), including the learning of IT teams(2) The harvesting and promotion of OA resources via our Web Portal, including subscription to official resources of international organization(3) The development of policies to develop local institutional repositories for new and archived (printed) publications and thesis (DSpace support, purchase of scanner, etc)(4) The support to the development of university presses to reduce/abolish the excessive cost of printed course materials for students(5) Training and awareness-raising of library trainers for academic social networks, data exchange platforms, community-based researchers' sites, OA use, etc.(6) Promote the obligation to deposit in our university repositories the scientific papers financed by the ARES-CCD cooperation and co-signed by Belgian researchers and partners of developing countries (academic and doctorate students).Concrete case studies of our 17 years of experience in the South from Haiti to Vietnam will illustrate these actions. Perspectives on future projects will also be discussed, such as a week, jointly with all our partners, of exchange and work in Belgium in 2018 (as already done in 2016) on the topic of the practical implementation of Open Access in their universities.
Coordination of Open Access to research publications in Sweden
Authors: Eellend Beate
Published: November 2017

Watch the VIDEO here.The Swedish Government’s direction for the next ten-year research policy, as set out in the Swedish Research Bill from 2016, includes the goal that scientific publications which are the result of publicly funded research should be made immediately open access on publication. As of 2017 the National Library of Sweden holds an appropriation directive from the Swedish Government to act as a national coordinating body in the work towards a transition to open access to scholarly publications. The Government states that all stakeholders have a common responsibility in fulfilling this objective and that clear incentives and mechanisms are needed in order to encourage researchers to publish their research output immediately open access.A number of obstacles to a transition to an open access publishing system have been identified by the Swedish Research Council in their Proposal for National Guidelines for Open Access to Scientific Information (2015). Based on this, the National Library of Sweden initiates and coordinates five studies to be conducted during 2017-2019. The five studies are:The current merit and resource allocation system versus incentives for open accessFunding for a transition from a subscription-based to an open access publishing systemOpen access to scholarly monographsFinancial and technical support for converting peer-reviewed and scholarly journals from toll access to open accessMonitoring of compliance with open access policies and mandatesRepresentatives from all main stakeholders with a key role in the national transition to an open access publishing system will participate in one working group for each study. This includes HEI’s, research funders and researchers. The studies will result in further recommendations to the Government on how to nationally solve the identified obstacles. The work will be coordinated and facilitated by the National Library of Sweden.
Whitelists as blacklists: The use of external lists when evaluating scientific journals
Authors: Lavik Gry Ane
Published: November 2017

Watch the VIDEO here.NSD – Norwegian Centre for Research Data operates the Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers on behalf of the University and Higher Education Council. The publishing arena for researchers is changing. Yet every researcher is responsible for publishing in channels that are serious and have a professional impact. At NSD we experience that there is a need for advice about where to publish and about how to recognize quality in new international publication channels. Much of the need for advice stems from the increase of new open access channels and the pressure towards publishing in these channels.The somewhat notorious Beall’s list closed down last year. All though controversial, this list was a useful tool to become aware of channels to check more closely. It also provided a useful checklist to use when evaluating OA-channels. So what to do with no such blacklist operating?* At the Norwegian register, we have come to believe that multiple whitelists can work in much the same way or even better than a blacklist. A simple explanation for this is that if a journal is not featuring on any whitelist, this says something about the quality of the journal in much the same way a blacklist does by including it. But there are fallacies and problems to be aware of when using this approach.The aim of this presentation is to problematize advantages and disadvantages connected to the use of whitelists as a form of quality control. To this end a description of how whitelists are used when evaluating channels for inclusion in the Norwegian register will form the basis for the presentation. The term “whitelist” is here used in broad sense, denoting a list that only includes journals after making some sort of positive judgement about the quality of the journal while leaving out journals considered of poor quality. The Norwegian register has recently entered a Nordic collaboration which gives access to compare with the Finnish and the Danish national lists of authorized research publication channels.  A closer collaboration with Directory of Open Access Journals - DOAJ was also formally in place earlier this year. A description of the Nordic list project and some thoughts on the expected outcome of the collaboration will be part of the presentation.
Landscape study on open access monographs: Policies, funding and publishing in eight European countries
Authors: Stern Niels
Published: November 2017

Watch the VIDEO here.The monograph is one of the most prestigious scholarly publication outlets – a hallmark of reputation, a tool for career progression and a means of disseminating fundamental ideas of scholarship. Open access policies from funders, publishers and institutions have been relatively quiet on monographs and other long form publications, predominantly focusing on journals. However the beginnings of a transition to open access for monographs has commenced and there are several projects and initiatives exploring and experimenting in this area.I would like to report on an in-depth study covering eight European countries (including Norway, Finland and Denmark) that compares and contrasts the monograph publishing landscape, where policy on OA for monographs stands, and how OA monograph publishing is now moving quickly forward.Librarians, who are increasingly being asked to support OA initiatives may be interested in the developments reported here.The primary goal of the Landscape study was to assemble comparable data and analysis from Germany, Finland, Denmark, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Norway, Austria and France. This includes the costs of OA books; the fees charged for OA books; the range of non-BPC models; the adoption of OA policies for books by funders (both public and private), universities, and publishers. An overview of OA book publishing along with a review of policies and mandates highlights the various national differences as well as similarities. While including examples from all eight countries the presentation will pay special attention to developments and experiments in the Nordic countries.Financial support for the study came from Knowledge Exchange, the Current Research Information System in Norway (CRIStin), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), and the French library consortium Couperin. Eelco Ferwerda (OAPEN), Frances Pinter (KU Research) and Niels Stern (Nordic Council of Ministers) are joint Principal Investigators, with support from Lucy Montgomery (KU/Curtin University) and Ronald Snijder (OAPEN).
The Estero de Punta Banda, B.C., Mexico as a link in the "Pacific Flyway": Abundance of shorebirds
Authors: Palacios E , Escofet A , Loya-Salinas DH
Published: November 2017

Thirteen shorebird species and 5683 individuals were recorded at Estero Punta Banda from October 1988 to April 1989 in three soft-bottom habitats bordering the northern tip of the sand bar (open beach; terminal beach; mud-flats) and a semi-protected seasonal pond at the southwest comer of the estuary. The open beach (seven species; 1310 individuals), mud-flats (13 species; 3958 individuals) and the pond (two species; 146 individuals) harbored distinctive species assemblages while the terminal beach (five species; 239 individuals) acted as an extension of the open beach and mud flats. Most species where exclusive of a single habitat, or almost exclusive (species that occur in more that one habitat but exhibit strong quantitative differences among them). Seasonal changes were rather neat, although the study period missed the first part of the autumn migration towards the south. Seasonal movements were not synchronic in the different habitats. We estimated that about 14,000 shorebirds visit the lagoon each season (3,000 in the open beach; 11,000 in mud-flats). Although most species had been recorded for the site, quantitative data and evidence of the role of estero Punta Banda along the Pacific Flyway are offered in this study for the first time. Distinctive species assemblages in the different habitats, and asynchronism of migration in each, show that patchiness of habitats is important for the maintenance of species richness and for the conservation of the migratory process as well.
Daily variation of physico-chemical characteristics, biomass and phytoplankton primary production in an upwelling coastal zone of Baja California
Authors: González-Morales AT , Gaxiola-Castro G
Published: November 2017

From June 25 to July 10 of 1986 temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll a and primary productivity were determined daily at one station off Punta Banda, Baja California. Hydrographic variables suggested that coastal upwelling events were present at the beginning and at the end of the period studied, with a relaxation period in the middle and weak upwelling before July 10. During strong upwelling events surface values of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and phosphate were: 13 to 14ºC, 33.65 to 33.70‰, 4.0 to 5.0 ml/l and between 0.95 to 1.25 µM, respectively. We found low chlorophyll a and primary productivity values as a result of unadapted phytoplankton as well as strong mixing of water in the area. Higher chlorophyll a and primary productivity values were measured at the beginning of the relaxation period; with 4.8 mg.m–3 of chlorophyll a and 3.6 mgCm–3.h–1 of primary production. The phytoplankton size fraction <8 µm was dominant in biomass and prirnary productivity, except during strong upwelling events when the phytoplankton size fraction >8 µm contributed more to biomass and primary production.
Evaluation of the fishery of the brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus of the mexican littoral of the northwest Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Castro RG , Arreguín-Sánchez F
Published: November 2017

Stock assessment of the brown shrimp (Penaeus azteca) from the northwest Gulf of Mexico is developed using monthly data from commercial catches from 1974 to 1982. Growth parameters from the von Bertalanffy equation were as follows: Kmin = 0.142 m–1 to Kmax = 0.1812 m–1; L∞min = 214 mm to L∞max = 236 mm. Mortality rates were obtained directly from the identified cohorts through the catch curve and the weighted average of the amount of fishing applied on each cohort; results were as follows: total mortality, Zmin(1981) = 0.8494 to Zmax(1974) = 1.240; fishing mortality, Fmin( 1981) = 0.3786 to Fmax(1974) = 0.646; and natural mortality, Mmin(1978) = 0.415 to Mmax(1974) = 0.594. Catchability estimations mere: qmin(1975) = 0.0012 to qmax(1978) = 0.0021. Exploitation rate indicates a reduction of 30% of the fishing intensity, for the last two years, compared with the previous ones. From these years (1981 and 1982), fishery was acting under the maximum sustainable yield level.
Impact of the construction of a sand dam on the benthic ecology of an estuary in the mexican north Pacific
Authors: Villarreal-Chávez G
Published: November 2017

The measure of the environmental impact of a sand dam in the Estero de Punta Banda is presented. The dam is part of the installations of an oil well jackets factory that was never finished. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the change in the benthic community in the dam area. The methodology proposed by Green (1979) in the suboptimal design was followed. Magnitude of change was searched by community ordination, with principal components technique and index of biological value. ANOVA test and the community ordination show a clear distinction between the dam area and the comparison areas. Descriptive indexes show that the dam biota is intermediate, between the control areas with influence of marsh and human activities. An ecological impact is assumed, consisting in the change of the sediment, with effects in food availability and risk of bird predation. The impact indicates that the system is frail to human encroachment.
A cytogenetic method to obtain chromosomes for studies of banding and fine morphology of karyotypes in bivalve mollusks of the family Ostreidae
Authors: Rodríguez-Romero F , Gasca-Montes-de-Oca M , De-la-Rosa-Vélez J
Published: November 2017

The studies of banding patterns of chromosomes in bivalve mollusks of the family Ostreidae have not been developed satisfactorily due to the lack of a suitable method that enables the obtention of chromosomes in a proper condition. The production of chromosomal fields in cold by means of a modification to the dripping and air drying method from embryos and larvae obtained from in vitro fertilization, and the control of the spiralization degree of the chromosomes, are achieved by the application of colchicine pulses for periods of 30, 45 and 60 minutes. These chromosomes show a certain degree of synchronisation due to the use of oyster early embryos and larvae in which the cell division is very frequent. Separation of cells in division was achieved with a 50% acetic acid solution, at 37ºC. Chromosomes obtained in this manner can be stained successfully for the severa1 different bands willing to be studied.
Temporal and spatial variation of temperature in a winter habitat of the gray whale: Ojo de Liebre lagoon
Authors: Álvarez-Borrego S , Granados-Guzmán A
Published: November 2017

We generated continuous temperature time series records, with in situ analogue recording thermographs, for three locations, at 6-g m depth, in the channels of Laguna Ojo de Liebre, Baja California Sur, during the period January 1985 to March 1986. The annual range in the lagoon was 13.5-26% We did not detect clear horizontal temperature gradients in the

channels, from location to location. However, during August and September the temperature increased from the mouth towards the interior, with -2ºC more in the internal extreme. Most temperature variance was in three period bands: variance of short period (with up to 2ºC of amplitude) mainly due to tidal currents and to the horizontal temperature gradients between the channels and the shallow areas of the lagoon; variance of intermediate period (one or two weeks, with up to 4ºC of amplitude) due, among other factors, to the sequence of upwelling events; and variance of long period (up to 12ºC) due to the seasonal sequence of solar irradiance and atmospheric temperature. Upwelling intensification events decrease the temperature of the lagoon by as much as 4ºC, and cause high organic fertility in it. During the stay period of the gray whale in Ojo de Liebre (end of November-March) the TºC range was from 13.5ºC to 19ºC.
Analysis of the relative fishing power of the mexican purse seine fleet operating in the eastern Pacific
Authors: Ortega-García S , Muhlia-Melo A
Published: November 2017

Around 80% of the boats in the Mexican tuna fleet are purse seiners. These boats have different sizes and consequently different ranges to produce fishing mortality. The relative fishing power is estimated to minimize these differences and use it to standardize fishing effort as an index of fishing efficiency. Logbook information of the purse seine fleet of Mexico from 1984 to 1986 and as CPUE catch/trip, catch/set, catch/day of absence and catch/day of fishing, were used to categorize this fleet. For each CPUE, 6, 4, 2 and 2 categories were found, respectively. The relative fishing power of each category was calculated. Boats of 1,090 metric tons of carrying capacity belong to the more efficient category. Fishing success is related to the type of fishing, aerial help and fishing areas. The results of this work show that the more efficient boats fish in traditional as well as in more oceanic waters, set more often with dolphin and use aerial help.
Studies on the biology of the parasitic isopod Cymothoa exigua Schioedte and Meinert, 1884 and it's relationship with the snapper Lutjanus peru (Pisces: Lutjanidae) Nichols and Murphy, 1922, from commercial catch in Michoacan
Authors: Ruiz-L A , Madrid-V J
Published: November 2017

From commercial catch of the Michoacan fishery, samples of the snapper Lutjanus penu were examined monthly (January to December 1984) for isopod parasites. A total of 236 adult individuals of Cymothoa exigua were found in 165 of the 691 snappers collected. The isopod’s life cycle is described partially, with notes about the body index, femininity index, as well as the relative fecundity, marsupial development and pre-hatch mortality. Several indices of parasite occurrence and the values of the condition factor (K) in Lutjanus penu, by sexes and size groups, were estimated to evaluate the effect of the host-parasite relationship. No significant differences were found in the K values, but a decreasing of the values of the occurrence indices for C. exigua was observed in relation to the fish growth. The presence of isopods in L. peru appears slightly harmful to the host, but probably increases the natural mortality rate, especially in the first years of life.
Importance of anatomopathological analysis and histopathological examination for the diagnosis of suspected cases of syphilitic aneurysm
Authors: Tenório Pedro Pereira , Tenório Andréa Kedima Diniz Cavalcanti , Duque Marcos André Araújo , Araújo Mônica Modesto , Maia Lenieé Campos , De Pontes Filho Nicodemos Teles , De Melo-Júnior Mário Ribeiro
Published: November 2017

Introduction: syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by mycobacterium Treponema pallidum in which in its tertiary stage can lead to an aortic syphilitic aneurysm. Currently, such cases are rare because of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. Objective: we aimed to carry out an anatomopathological analysis and histopathological examination of three cases potentially suspicious of aortic syphilitic aneurysm on human corpses. Methods: It was a descriptive study which 03 anatomic specimens of aortas from cadavers with ages ranging from 50 to 91 years obtained in Service checklist of deaths during the period from 2014 to 2015. We performed an anatomopathological and histopathological analysis with the use of special dyes. Results: through the macroscopic evaluation it was observed in all cases a dilation corresponding to arch of aorta where the intima obtained an aspect of longitudinal striation, classic of syphilitic process. As for histopathological study on the tissues treatment with the staining batteries, it was demonstrated the presence of the dissecting hematoma in all cases, besides necrosis and absence characteristic of the inflammatory process. Conclusion: the anatomopathological and histopathological study are diagnostic tools which have specific characteristics and are directed to assist in preliminary diagnosis of suspected cases of aortic syphilitic aneurysm in necropsies.
Tratamento de lipoma em mucosa jugal: relato de caso.
Authors: Dos Santos Rafael Rodrigues , Souza Delano De Oliveira
Published: November 2017

Introdução: os lipomas são neoplasias benignas, geralmente localizadas no tecido subcutâneo, são tumores frequentes no corpo humano, porém sua incidência na cavidade oral é bastante rara. Geralmente se apresentam como lesões palpáveis, firmes, nãoulceradas que provocam aumento na face. Os lipomas têm crescimento lento e são em sua maioria assintomáticos. Os pacientes acometidos têm 40 anos de idade ou mais, sendo os lipomas incomuns em crianças. O tratamento de escolha é a excisão cirúrgica conservadora, e raros são os casos de recidiva da lesão. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de lipoma em mucosa jugal. Relato de Caso: paciente de 28 anos com aumento de volume nesta região, sem sintomatologia dolorosa com evolução de aproximadamente um ano. Resultado: o tratamento adotado foi a excisão cirúrgica conservadora por acesso intraoral, sob anestesia geral. Conclusão: conforme relato, são raros os casos em que se tem recidivas de lipomas. O paciente encontra-se em proservação há 03 anos sem recidivas da lesão
Relação entre a formação de radicais livres e a doença de alzheimer: revisão sistemática
Authors: Herranz Paloma , Albano Maria Eugenia Alcântara , Cortez Lúcia Elaine Ranieri , Cortez Diógenes Aparício Garcia
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a relação entre os radicais livres e a doença de Alzheimer. Metodologia: a identificação dos artigos foi baseada nas diretrizes propostas pela declaração PRISMA e realizada em PubMed, Medline, Lilacs, IBECS e SciELO, com publicações entre 2006 e janeiro de 2016. Foram incluídos artigos que abordaram o acúmulo de radicais livres durante o envelhecimento e a relação entre o estresse oxidativo e a doença de Alzheimer. Resultados: 28 artigos, com resultados variados conforme os ensaios clínicos realizados e suas características e objetivos específicos, demonstrando envolvimento multissistêmico no estresse oxidativo. Conclusões: o estresse oxidativo celular que ocorre no envelhecimento é exacerbado na doença de Alzheimer devido ao acúmulo de peptídeo β-amiloide, principalmente na região do hipocampo, provocando os sinais clínicos da doença.
Perfil epidemiológico de puérperas adolescentes assistidas em uma maternidade no Município de João Pessoa- Paraíba
Authors: Pinheiro Yago Tavares , De Macedo Freita Giane Dantas , Pereira Natalia Herculano
Published: November 2017

Introdução: a gravidez gera consideráveis implicações no âmbito social, econômico e psicológico, sobretudo quando ocorre durante a adolescência. Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e obstétrico de puérperas adolescentes assistidas em uma maternidade pública no munícipio de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, transversal e de abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi constituída por 108 adolescentes com idade entre 12 e 18 anos e a coleta de dados se deu pela aplicação de um questionário estruturado pelos pesquisadores. Resultados: o perfil encontrado se caracterizou predominantemente de adolescentes pardas 55,56%, solteiras (50%), cursado ou cursando o ensino fundamental (56,48%) em escola pública (80,56%), de procedência urbana (72,22%), desempregadas (66,67%) e com renda mensal média de 1 salário mínimo (79,63%), estando o pai ausente em 56,48% dos casos e a mãe engravidando pela primeira vez entre os 19 e 35 anos (37,96%). Em média, apenas 1 gestação (71,30%) e sem histórico abortivo (66,67%). 84,26% realizaram pré-natal e 51,85% fizeram uso de contraceptivo. Conclusão: conclui-se, portanto, que foi possível identificar o perfil das jovens, e assim subsidiar o direcionamento de ações e estratégias para a população descrita com o intuito de controlar a gravidez precoce
Efeito modulador do óleo de copaíba (Copaifera officinalis L.) sobre a carcinogenicidade da doxorrubicina, avaliado por meio do teste para detecção de clones de tumores em Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Duarte Maciel Álisson , Danielle Magalhães Monique , Capelari Orsolin Priscila
Published: November 2017

Introdução: o óleo de copaíba é o composto extraído do tronco da copaibeira (Copaifera sp.) que tem sido utilizado na medicina popular desde a chegada dos portugueses ao Brasil. Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar possíveis efeitos carcinogênicos e/ ou anticarcinogênicos do óleo de copaíba (Copaifera officinalis L.), por meio do teste para detecção de clones de tumores epiteliais (warts) em Drosophila melanogaster. Metodologia: foram preparadas três soluções de óleo de copaíba, nas proporções de 0,5%, 1% e 2%. Nessas soluções foram cultivadas Drosophilas melanogaster expostas simultaneamente à doxorrubicina na concentração de 0,4 mM, agente conhecidamente cancerígeno, também utilizado como controle positivo na presente pesquisa. Para controle negativo foi utilizado Tween 80 (1%). O tratamento foi realizado com todas as larvas descendentes do cruzamento de fêmeas wts/ TM3 com machos mwh/mwh. Resultados: o óleo de copaíba apresentou atividade carcinogênica quando utilizado isoladamente na concentração 2%, visto que houve aumento estatisticamente significativo (p ≤ 0,05) na frequência de tumores em comparação com o controle negativo. Além disso, evidenciou-se potencialização do efeito carcinogênico da doxorrubicina nas concentrações 0,5% e 1%, uma vez que houve um aumento estatisticamente significativo (p ≤ 0,05) na frequência de tumores nessas concentrações, quando associadas à DXR, em comparação com o controle positivo. Conclusão: os resultados evidenciaram o efeito carcinogênico isolado do óleo de copaíba, bem como seu efeito potencializador quando associado à doxorrubicina
Células tronco mesenquimais derivadas de tecido adiposo no tratamento de cirrose hepática
Authors: Barreto Luma Cardoso , Sacramento Laine Oliveira , Andrade Jaqueline Almeida , Quintanilha Luiz Fernando
Published: November 2017

Introdução: hepatopatias crônicas figuram entre as principais causas de morte no mundo e o transplante hepático permanece como a única alternativa terapêutica curativa disponível. A terapia celular utilizando células tronco tem sido demonstrada como uma alternativa potencial, porém os mecanismos envolvidos na resolução da doença permanecem em debate. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, na qual foi realizada uma consulta por artigos científicos selecionados através de busca no banco de dados do PubMed e Scielo no período de agosto de 2016 a junho de 2017. Objetivo: este estudo tem como objetivo descrever os mecanismos envolvidos na regeneração/reparo da cirrose hepática através do tratamento com células tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo (AD-MSCs). Resultados e discussão: os estudos utilizando terapia celular apontam como principais mecanismos a fibrinólise, imunomodulação e atividade antioxidante. Com relação a atividade fibrinolítica, o aumento proeminente na expressão de enzimas como MMP2, MMP3 e MMP9 explica a redução da fibrose normalmente observada. A atividade imunomodulatória das ADMSCs parece estar relacionada com a secreção de agentes imunossupressores e fatores que promovem a hematopoiese. Finalmente, as AD-MSCS são capazes de aumentar a atividade do NF-E2-related fator (Nrf2), um fator de transcrição crucial na expressão de diversas enzimas relacionadas à resolução do estresse oxidativo. Conclusão: os estudos utilizando a terapia celular evidenciaram que fibrinólise, imunomodulação e efeito antioxidante podem, de forma associada, contribuir para os bons resultados apresentados. Apesar dos principais mecanismos propostos terem sido apresentados neste presente trabalho, mais estudos são necessários a fim de determinar a precisa contribuição de cada um deles.
Prevalência de trombofilias congênitas em pacientes com síndrome antifosfolípide primária
Authors: Carvalho Jozélio Freire , Rosa Neto Nilton Sales , Strunz Celia Cassaro
Published: November 2017

Não se aplica
Tumor‐adjacent tissue co‐expression profile analysis reveals pro‐oncogenic ribosomal gene signature for prognosis of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Grinchuk Oleg V. , Yenamandra Surya P. , Iyer Ramakrishnan , Singh Malay , Lee Hwee Kuan , Lim Kiat Hon , Chow Pierce Kah‐Hoe , Kuznetsov Vladamir A.
Published: November 2017

Currently, molecular markers are not used when determining the prognosis and treatment strategy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we proposed that the identification of common pro‐oncogenic pathways in primary tumors (PT) and adjacent non‐malignant tissues (AT) typically used to predict HCC patient risks may result in HCC biomarker discovery. We examined the genome‐wide mRNA expression profiles of paired PT and AT samples from 321 HCC patients. The workflow integrated differentially expressed gene selection, gene ontology enrichment, computational classification, survival predictions, image analysis and experimental validation methods. We developed a 24‐ribosomal gene‐based HCC classifier (RGC), which is prognostically significant in both PT and AT. The RGC gene overexpression in PT was associated with a poor prognosis in the training (hazard ratio = 8.2, P = 9.4 × 10−6) and cross‐cohort validation (hazard ratio = 2.63, P = 0.004) datasets. The multivariate survival analysis demonstrated the significant and independent prognostic value of the RGC. The RGC displayed a significant prognostic value in AT of the training (hazard ratio = 5.0, P = 0.03) and cross‐validation (hazard ratio = 1.9, P = 0.03) HCC groups, confirming the accuracy and robustness of the RGC. Our experimental and bioinformatics analyses suggested a key role for c‐MYC in the pro‐oncogenic pattern of ribosomal biogenesis co‐regulation in PT and AT. Microarray, quantitative RT‐PCR and quantitative immunohistochemical studies of the PT showed that DKK1 in PT is the perspective biomarker for poor HCC outcomes. The common co‐transcriptional pattern of ribosome biogenesis genes in PT and AT from HCC patients suggests a new scalable prognostic system, as supported by the model of tumor‐like metabolic redirection/assimilation in non‐malignant AT. The RGC, comprising 24 ribosomal genes, is introduced as a robust and reproducible prognostic model for stratifying HCC patient risks. The adjacent non‐malignant liver tissue alone, or in combination with HCC tissue biopsy, could be an important target for developing predictive and monitoring strategies, as well as evidence‐based therapeutic interventions, that aim to reduce the risk of post‐surgery relapse in HCC patients.
Initiation of Channel Head Bifurcation by Overland Flow
Authors: Pornprommin Adichai , Izumi Norihiro , Parker Gary
Published: November 2017

Channel head bifurcation is a key factor for generating complexity of channel networks. Here we investigate incipient channel head bifurcation using linear stability analysis. Channel heads are simplified as circular hollows, toward which surface sheet flow accelerates in the radial direction. Sinusoidal perturbations in the angular direction with different angular wave numbers k are imposed on the bed, and their growth rates
are computed. Because the channel head radius
is extending over time, the base state (circular hollow in the absence of perturbations) also evolves continuously. With the use of the momentary stability concept, the evolving base state is defined as momentarily unstable to the imposed perturbation if the disturbance is growing faster than the evolution of the base state. It was found that in the range of sufficiently small
, bifurcation cannot be initiated. As
increases, bifurcation starts to be possible with k≈ 3–5. A higher k implies bifurcation with a narrower channel junction angle (θ = 2π/k). The average junction angle of the Colorado High Plains for the smallest drainage area is about 85° with a standard deviation of 35° (Sólyom and Tucker, 2007). Our predicted angles (75°–120°) agree qualitatively with the observed angles. Finally, we propose a simple criterion to compute the threshold
for the onset of bifurcation.
Dry Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen From Satellite Observations of Ammonia and Nitrogen Dioxide Over North America
Authors: Kharol S. K. , Shephard M. W. , McLinden C. A. , Zhang L. , Sioris C. E. , O'Brien J. M. , Vet R. , Cady‐Pereira K. E. , Hare E. , Siemons J. , Krotkov N. A.
Published: November 2017

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) is an essential nutrient to plants and a limiting element for growth in many ecosystems, but it can have harmful effects on ecosystems when in excess. Satellite‐derived surface observations are used together with a dry deposition model to estimate the dry deposition flux of the most abundant short‐lived nitrogen species, NH3 and NO2, over North America during the 2013 warm season. These fluxes demonstrate that the NH3 contribution dominates over NO2 for most regions (comprising ~85% of their sum in Canada and ~65% in the U.S.), with some regional exceptions (e.g. Alberta and northeastern U.S.). Nationwide, ~1.35 Tg of N from these species were dry deposited in the contiguous U.S., more than double the ~0.61 Tg in Canada (excluding territories) over this period. Forest fires are shown to be the major contributor of dry deposition of Nr from NH3 in northern latitudes, leading to deposition fluxes 2–3 times greater than from expected amounts without fires.
Automated Identification and Shape Analysis of Chorus Elements in the Van Allen Radiation Belts
Authors: Sen Gupta Ananya , Kletzing Craig , Howk Robin , Kurth William , Matheny Morgan
Published: November 2017

An important goal of the Van Allen Probes mission is to understand wave‐particle interaction by chorus emissions in terrestrial Van Allen radiation belts. To test models, statistical characterization of chorus properties, such as amplitude variation and sweep rates, is an important scientific goal. The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) instrumentation suite provides measurements of wave electric and magnetic fields as well as DC magnetic fields for the Van Allen Probes mission. However, manual inspection across terabytes of EMFISIS data is not feasible and as such introduces human confirmation bias. We present signal processing techniques for automated identification, shape analysis, and sweep rate characterization of high‐amplitude whistler‐mode chorus elements in the Van Allen radiation belts. Specifically, we develop signal processing techniques based on the radon transform that disambiguate chorus elements with a dominant sweep rate against hiss‐like chorus. We present representative results validating our techniques and also provide statistical characterization of detected chorus elements across a case study of a 6 s epoch.
Electron Cooling and Isotropization during Magnetotail Current Sheet Thinning: Implications for Parallel Electric Fields
Authors: Lu San , Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: November 2017

Magnetotail current sheet thinning is a distinctive feature of substorm growth phase, during which magnetic energy is stored in the magnetospheric lobes. Investigation of charged particle dynamics in such thinning current sheets is believed to be important for understanding the substorm energy storage and the current sheet destabilization responsible for substorm expansion phase onset. We use Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) B and C observations in 2008 and 2009 at ~18 − 25 RE to show that during magnetotail current sheet thinning, the electron temperature decreases (cooling), and the parallel temperature decreases faster than the perpendicular temperature, leading to a decrease of the initially strong electron temperature anisotropy (isotropization). This isotropization cannot be explained by pure adiabatic cooling or by pitch angle scattering. We use test particle simulations to explore the mechanism responsible for the cooling and isotropization. We find that during the thinning, a fast decrease of a parallel electric field (directed toward the Earth) can speed up the electron parallel cooling, causing it to exceed the rate of perpendicular cooling, and thus lead to isotropization, consistent with observation. If the parallel electric field is too small or does not change fast enough, the electron parallel cooling is slower than the perpendicular cooling, so the parallel electron anisotropy grows, contrary to observation. The same isotropization can also be accomplished by an increasing parallel electric field directed toward the equatorial plane. Our study reveals the existence of a large‐scale parallel electric field, which plays an important role in magnetotail particle dynamics during the current sheet thinning process.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Multiscale Field‐Aligned Currents: Characteristics, Controlling Parameters, and Relationships
Authors: McGranaghan Ryan M. , Mannucci Anthony J. , Forsyth Colin
Published: November 2017

We explore the characteristics, controlling parameters, and relationships of multiscale field‐aligned currents (FACs) using a rigorous, comprehensive, and cross‐platform analysis. Our unique approach combines FAC data from the Swarm satellites and the Advanced Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) to create a database of small‐scale (∼10–150 km, <1° latitudinal width), mesoscale (∼150–250 km, 1–2° latitudinal width), and large‐scale (>250 km) FACs. We examine these data for the repeatable behavior of FACs across scales (i.e., the characteristics), the dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field orientation, and the degree to which each scale “departs” from nominal large‐scale specification. We retrieve new information by utilizing magnetic latitude and local time dependence, correlation analyses, and quantification of the departure of smaller from larger scales. We find that (1) FACs characteristics and dependence on controlling parameters do not map between scales in a straight forward manner, (2) relationships between FAC scales exhibit local time dependence, and (3) the dayside high‐latitude region is characterized by remarkably distinct FAC behavior when analyzed at different scales, and the locations of distinction correspond to “anomalous” ionosphere‐thermosphere behavior. Comparing with nominal large‐scale FACs, we find that differences are characterized by a horseshoe shape, maximizing across dayside local times, and that difference magnitudes increase when smaller‐scale observed FACs are considered. We suggest that both new physics and increased resolution of models are required to address the multiscale complexities. We include a summary table of our findings to provide a quick reference for differences between multiscale FACs.
Resolving the Detailed Spatiotemporal Slip Evolution of Deep Tremor in Western Japan
Authors: Ohta Kazuaki , Ide Satoshi
Published: November 2017

We study the detailed spatiotemporal behavior of deep tremor in western Japan through the development and application of a new slip inversion method. Although many studies now recognize tremor as shear slip along the plate interface manifested in low‐frequency earthquake (LFE) swarms, a conventional slip inversion analysis is not available for tremor due to insufficient knowledge of source locations and Green's functions. Here we introduce synthetic template waveforms, which are typical tremor waveforms obtained by stacking LFE seismograms at arranged points along the plate interface. Using these synthetic template waveforms as substitutes for Green's functions, we invert the continuous tremor waveforms using an iterative deconvolution approach with Bayesian constraints. We apply this method to two tremor burst episodes in western and central Shikoku, Japan. The estimated slip distribution from a 12 day tremor burst episode in western Shikoku is heterogeneous, with several patchy areas of slip along the plate interface where rapid moment releases with durations of <100 s regularly occur. We attribute these heterogeneous spatiotemporal slip patterns to heterogeneous material properties along the plate interface. For central Shikoku, where we focus on a tremor burst episode that occurred coincidentally with a very low frequency earthquake (VLF), we observe that the source size of the VLF is much larger than that estimated from tremor activity in western Shikoku. These differences in the size of the slip region may dictate the visibility of VLF signals in observed seismograms, which has implications for the mechanics of slow earthquakes and subduction zone processes.
In‐Flight Observation of Gamma Ray Glows by ILDAS
Authors: Kochkin Pavlo , van Deursen A. P. J. , Marisaldi M. , Ursi A. , de Boer A. I. , Bardet M. , Allasia C. , Boissin J.‐F. , Flourens F. , Østgaard N.
Published: November 2017

An Airbus A340 aircraft flew over Northern Australia with the In‐Flight Lightning Damage Assessment System (ILDAS) installed onboard. A long‐duration gamma ray emission was detected. The most intense emission was observed at 12 km altitude and lasted for 20 s. Its intensity was 20 times the background counts, and it was abruptly terminated by a distant lightning flash. In this work we reconstruct the aircraft path and event timeline. The glow‐terminating flash triggered a discharge from the aircraft wing that was recorded by a video camera operating onboard. Another count rate increase was observed 6 min later and lasted for 30 s. The lightning activity as reported by ground networks in this region was analyzed. The measured spectra characteristics of the emission were estimated.
Sensitivity of Historical Simulation of the Permafrost to Different Atmospheric Forcing Data Sets from 1979 to 2009
Authors: Guo Donglin , Wang Huijun , Wang Aihui
Published: November 2017

Numerical simulation is of great importance to the investigation of changes in frozen ground on large spatial and long temporal scales. Previous studies have focused on the impacts of improvements in the model for the simulation of frozen ground. Here the sensitivities of permafrost simulation to different atmospheric forcing data sets are examined using the Community Land Model, version 4.5 (CLM4.5), in combination with three sets of newly developed and reanalysis‐based atmospheric forcing data sets (NOAA Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis Interim (ERA‐I), and NASA Modern Era Retrospective‐Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)). All three simulations were run from 1979 to 2009 at a resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and validated with what is considered to be the best available permafrost observations (soil temperature, active layer thickness, and permafrost extent). Results show that the use of reanalysis‐based atmospheric forcing data set reproduces the variations in soil temperature and active layer thickness but produces evident biases in their climatologies. Overall, the simulations based on the CFSR and ERA‐I data sets give more reasonable results than the simulation based on the MERRA data set, particularly for the present‐day permafrost extent and the change in active layer thickness. The three simulations produce ranges for the present‐day climatology (permafrost area: 11.31–13.57 × 106 km2; active layer thickness: 1.10–1.26 m) and for recent changes (permafrost area: −5.8% to −9.0%; active layer thickness: 9.9%–20.2%). The differences in air temperature increase, snow depth, and permafrost thermal conditions in these simulations contribute to the differences in simulated results.
A Systematic Evaluation of Noah‐MP in Simulating Land‐Atmosphere Energy, Water, and Carbon Exchanges Over the Continental United States
Authors: Ma Ning , Niu Guo‐Yue , Xia Youlong , Cai Xitian , Zhang Yinsheng , Ma Yaoming , Fang Yuanhao
Published: November 2017

Accurate simulation of energy, water, and carbon fluxes exchanging between the land surface and the atmosphere is beneficial for improving terrestrial ecohydrological and climate predictions. We systematically assessed the Noah land surface model (LSM) with mutiparameterization options (Noah‐MP) in simulating these fluxes and associated variations in terrestrial water storage (TWS) and snow cover fraction (SCF) against various reference products over 18 United States Geological Survey two‐digital hydrological unit code regions of the continental United States (CONUS). In general, Noah‐MP captures better the observed seasonal and interregional variability of net radiation, SCF, and runoff than other variables. With a dynamic vegetation model, it overestimates gross primary productivity by 40% and evapotranspiration (ET) by 22% over the whole CONUS domain; however, with a prescribed climatology of leaf area index, it greatly improves ET simulation with relative bias dropping to 4%. It accurately simulates regional TWS dynamics in most regions except those with large lakes or severely affected by irrigation and/or impoundments. Incorporating the lake water storage variations into the modeled TWS variations largely reduces the TWS simulation bias more obviously over the Great Lakes with model efficiency increasing from 0.18 to 0.76. Noah‐MP simulates runoff well in most regions except an obvious overestimation (underestimation) in the Rio Grande and Lower Colorado (New England). Compared with North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) LSMs, Noah‐MP shows a better ability to simulate runoff and a comparable skill in simulating Rn but a worse skill in simulating ET over most regions. This study suggests that future model developments should focus on improving the representations of vegetation dynamics, lake water storage dynamics, and human activities including irrigation and impoundments.
Global Anthropogenic Phosphorus Loads to Freshwater and Associated Grey Water Footprints and Water Pollution Levels: A High‐Resolution Global Study
Authors: Mekonnen Mesfin M. , Hoekstra Arjen Y.
Published: November 2017

We estimate the global anthropogenic phosphorus (P) loads to freshwater and the associated grey water footprints (GWFs) for the period 2002–2010, at a spatial resolution of 5 × 5 arc min, and compare the GWF per river basin to runoff to assess the P‐related water pollution level (WPL). The global anthropogenic P load to freshwater systems from both diffuse and point sources is estimated at 1.5 Tg/yr. More than half of this total load was in Asia, followed by Europe (19%) and Latin America and the Caribbean (13%). The domestic sector contributed 54% to the total, agriculture 38%, and industry 8%. In agriculture, cereals production had the largest contribution to the P load (31%), followed by fruits, vegetables, and oil crops, each contributing 15%. The global total GWF related to anthropogenic P loads is estimated to be 147 × 1012 m3/yr, with China contributing 30%, India 8%, USA 7%, and Spain and Brazil 6% each. The basins with WPL > 1 (where GWF exceeds the basin's assimilation capacity) together cover about 38% of the global land area, 37% of the global river discharge, and provide residence to about 90% of the global population.