bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
After the Flood
Authors: Berry Jason
Published: September 2019

Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans in 2005, killing over 1,000 people and displacing over 1 million. As the rebuilding process began, musicians, Mardi Gras Indians, and Social Aid and Pleasure Club members began trickling back. Culture prevailed as politics failed. The life force of music and memory, determined to survive, came back to the shattered city.
The hurricane wasn’t the only devastating force: the city had undertaken many urban development projects in Tremé throughout the second half of the 20th century, demolishing historical areas and displacing people. New Orleans has also long suffered from government corruption, and several politicians were arrested throughout the 2000s. Yet hope and vibrancy abound. The 2014 funeral for Larry Bannock, Big Chief of the Golden Starhunters, drew a large gathering of black Indians in a magnificent cultural spectacle. Amidst much political and social controversy, Mayor Mitch Landrieu removed the Robert E. Lee statue from the city in 2017.
As New Orleans begins its fourth century, it faces issues of gun violence, poverty, and gentrification, but opportunities from a flourishing digital economy, resurgent music scene, and cultural mecca as well. It is still the vibrant, diverse society composed of people whose roots lie across the world, whose resilience has been a rudder through the storms and violent upheavals throughout the centuries.
An observation-based climatology of middle atmospheric meridional circulation
Authors: von Clarmann Thomas , Grabowski Udo , Stiller Gabriele P. , Monge-Sanz Beatriz M. , Glatthor Norbert , Kellmann Sylvia
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Measurements of long-lived trace gases (SF6, CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-12, CCl4, N2O, CH4, H2O, and CO) performed with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) have been used to infer the stratospheric and mesospheric meridional circulation. The MIPAS data set covers the time period from July 2002 to April 2012. The method used for this purpose was the direct inversion of the two-dimensional continuity equation. Monthly climatologies of circulation fields are presented along with their variabilities. Stratospheric circulation is found to be highly variable over the year, with a quite robust annual cycle. The new method allows to track the evolution of various circulation patterns over the year in more detail than before.The deep branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and the mesospheric overturning pole-to-pole circulation are no separate but intertwined phenomena. The latitude of stratospheric uplift in the middle and upper stratosphere is found to be quite variable and is not always found at tropical latitudes. The usual schematic of stratospheric circulation with the deep and the shallow branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and the mesospheric overturning circulation is an idealization which best describes the observed atmosphere around Equinox. Sudden stratospheric warmings cause increased year-to year variability.
Emission Characteristics and Risk Assessment in an Industrial Metropolitan Area in Taiwan using the AERMOD Model
Authors: Tsai Jiun-Horng , Gu Wei-Ting
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Air toxics, also known as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), have gained
increased public awareness in recent years. Air toxics may be released from
various sources, such as mobile sources, stationary sources, and fugitive
emissions. This study investigated profiles of air toxics from mobile
sources, stationary sources, and the operations in a port in an industrial
metropolitan area in Taiwan. Six carcinogens, including benzene,
formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, arsenic, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and diesel particulate
matter (DPM), were chosen as the target pollutants. The AERMOD model was
applied to simulate the concentrations of the ambient air toxic species, and
the concentrations were used to evaluate cancer risk. Cancer risk for each
air toxic was also investigated to evaluate the potential impact on
residents. The results of the emission estimation for the base year (2014)
showed that the emissions of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and formaldehyde could
be mainly attributed to mobile sources in the study areas. The
contributions, in order, were 86 %, 77 %, and 69 %. DPM emissions from
port operations accounted for 76 %, and most of the arsenic (70 %) and
2,3,7,8-TCDD (99 %) were emitted from stationary sources, especially from
the steel industry. Approximately 66 % and 32 % of the cancer risk of
air toxics were contributed to the emissions from port operations and
on-road vehicles, respectively, in this area, and approximately 1.4 % of
the risk was contributed to stationary sources. DPM was the pollutant that
posed the highest cancer risk among all six air toxics. It accounted for
more than 80 % of the overall cancer risk, followed by 1,3-butadiene
(10 %), benzene (4.7 %), formaldehyde (1.2 %), arsenic (0.7 %), and
2,3,7,8-TCDD (0.2 %). The dominant sources of DPM were ocean-going vessels
and diesel trucks.
Extending the vehicular network simulator Artery in order to generate synthetic data for collective perception
Authors: Allig Christoph , Wanielik Gerd
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A fundamental for an automated driving car is the awareness of all its surrounding road participants. Current approach to gather this awareness is to sense the environment by on-board sensors. In the future, Vehicle-to-X (V2X) might be able to improve the awareness due to V2X's communication range superiority compared to the on-board sensors' range. Due to a limited amount of communication partners sharing their own ego states, current research focuses particularly on cooperative perception. This means sharing objects perceived by local on-board sensors of different partners via V2X. Data collections using vehicles, driving on real roads, is challenging, since there is no market introduction of cooperative perception yet. Using test cars, equipped with the required sensors are rather expensive and do not necessarily provide results representing the true potential of cooperative perception. Particularly, its potential is highly dependent on the market penetration rate and the amount of vehicles within certain vicinity. Therefore, we consider to create synthetic data for cooperative perception by a simulation tool. After reviewing suitable simulation tools, we present an extension of Artery and its counterpart SUMO by modelling realistic vehicle dynamics and probabilistic sensor models. The generated data can be used as input for cooperative perception.
Cooperative radar with signature method for unambiguity
Authors: Müller Simon , Diewald Andreas R.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The increasing availability of off-the-shelf high-frequency components makes radar measurement become popular in mainstream industrial applications. We present a cooperative FM radar for strongly reflective environments, being devised for a range of up to approx. 120 m. The target is designed with an unambiguous signature method and satisfies coherence. A prototype is built with commercial semiconductor components that operates in the 24 GHz industrial, scientific and medical band. First experimental results taken in sewage pipes are presented, using the target prototype and a standard FMCW radio station. An overview on four data acquisition procedures is given.
Results of the national antenna intercomparison 2017/2018 within the German Calibration Service (Deutscher Kalibrierdienst – DKD)
Authors: Ulm David , Kleine-Ostmann Thomas , Schrader Thorsten
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In an intercomparison organized within the framework of the German
Calibration Service (Deutscher Kalibrierdienst – DKD), seven different
calibration laboratories participated in the measurement of the antenna
factor for three different antennas according to different standards. Between
August 2017 and April 2018, measurements have been performed on a hybrid
antenna, a logarithmic-periodic antenna and on an Open Ended Waveguide.
Near-field measurement of continuously modulated fields employing the time-harmonic near- to far-field transformation
Authors: Faul Fabian T. , Kornprobst Jonas , Fritzel Torsten , Steiner Hans-Jürgen , Strauß Rüdiger , Weiß Alexander , Geise Robert , Eibert Thomas F.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Near-field far-field transformations (NFFFTs) are commonly
performed for time-harmonic fields. Considering arbitrary in-situ measurement
scenarios with given transmission signals, time-varying aspects of modulated
signals have to be taken into consideration. We investigate and characterize
two methods for the measurement of modulated fields, which work with a
time-domain representation of the radiated fields and, at the same time,
allow to employ the standard time-harmonic NFFFT. One method is based on the
fact that the modulation signal can be assumed to be constant in a short
enough measurement interval under the condition that the modulation and
carrier frequencies are several decades apart. The second method performs
long-time measurements in order to obtain the complete frequency spectrum in
every single measurement. Both methods are verified by the NFFFT of synthetic
field data.
Particulate organic matter controls benthic microbial N retention and N removal in contrasting estuaries of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Bartl Ines , Hellemann Dana , Rabouille Christophe , Schulz Kirstin , Tallberg Petra , Hietanen Susanna , Voss Maren
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Estuaries worldwide act as “filters” of land-derived nitrogen (N) loads,
yet differences in coastal environmental settings can affect the N filter
function. We investigated microbial N retention (nitrification, ammonium
assimilation) and N removal (denitrification, anammox) processes in the
aphotic benthic system (bottom boundary layer (BBL) and sediment) of two
Baltic Sea estuaries differing in riverine N loads, trophic state,
geomorphology, and sediment type. In the BBL, rates of nitrification (5–227 nmol N L−1 d−1) and ammonium assimilation (9–704 nmol N L−1 d−1) were not enhanced in the eutrophied Vistula Estuary compared to
the oligotrophic Öre Estuary. No anammox was detected in the sediment of
either estuary, while denitrification rates were twice as high in the
eutrophied (352±123 µmol N m−2 d−1) as in the
oligotrophic estuary. Particulate organic matter (POM) was mainly of
phytoplankton origin in the benthic systems of both estuaries. It seemed to
control heterotrophic denitrification and ammonium assimilation as well as
autotrophic nitrification by functioning as a substrate source of N and
organic carbon. Our data suggest that in stratified estuaries, POM is an
essential link between riverine N loads and benthic N turnover and may
furthermore function as a temporary N reservoir. During long particle
residence times or alongshore transport pathways, increased time is
available for the recycling of N until its eventual removal, allowing
effective coastal filtering even at low process rates. Understanding the key
controls and microbial N processes in the coastal N filter therefore
requires to also consider the effects of geomorphological and hydrological
features.
Evaluation of the adaptogenic propertries of the Quark product enriched with probiotics, polyphenols and vitamins
Authors: Zobkova Zinaida , Fedulova Liliy , Fursova Tatyana , Zenina Daria , Kotenkova Elena
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study is to evaluate protective properties of the quark product manufactured with transglutaminase and enriched with probiotics, oligomerous proanthocyanidines and vitamins; the biological experiment on the growing laboratory Wistar stock rats has been carried out. The rats of two from three groups subjected within 21 days to the effect of low-frequency weak variable magnetic field received in semi-synthetic diet composition extra experimental and control samples of the quark product. The index of feed intake and the rats’ body mass growth was registered within 32 days. At the end of the experiment blood serum biochemical index was evaluated. It was revealed that the animals consuming the experimental product substantially gained the mass before the effect (gain from the 1st up to 10th days made up 12%) as well as after effect (gain from 11th up to 32nd days – 10.3%); upon completion of the experiment the gains of these animals exceeded the gains of the rats consuming the control product by more than 28%. The experiment revealed the lipolipedemic and hypoglycemic effect of the experimental quark product that has been evidenced by the significant reduction of cholesterol (by more than 20%), glucose (up to 40%) in the rats’ blood serum. On administration of the experimental dairy product in the animals’ diet subjected to the impact of low-frequency weak magnetic field the effect of the broken balance recovery in antioxidant/pro-oxidant system was observed due to reduction of pro-oxidant load at the enzymatic as well as low molecular links of the antioxidant system. The identified antioxidant and adaptogenic effect of the developed dairy product promoting to reduce the intensity of free-radical oxidation at the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic field on the body make it possible recommend it in dietotherapy for correction of antioxidant/pro-oxidant status.
CARILLAS DENTALES CON TÉCNICA DE RESINA INYECTADA. REPORTE DE CASO
Authors: Eng Mejía Ely Hopsee , Ulloa Ardón Jorge Alberto
Published: September 2019

La técnica de resina inyectada es un tratamiento estético con el que es posible predecir el resultado final y trasladar del encerado diagnóstico la forma anatómica deseada a una restauración sobre la superficie dental, prediciendo el aspecto estético para escoger el color y la textura del material restaurador; estableciendo parámetros oclusales como modificar la posición y alineación de dientes, contorno fisiológico, perfil labial, posición del borde incisal y orientación gingival. Además, esta técnica puede realizarse con o sin preparación de la superficie, asegura una adaptación uniforme del material de restauración y aumenta el potencial para diseñar preparaciones más conservadoras, pues conservar tejido dental y predecir el resultado final son objetivos de esta técnica. El presente reporte de caso es sobre la rehabilitación estética y funcional con carillas dentales de resina inyectada en paciente femenina de 19 años que se presentó a la clínica dental de la Subdirección de Desarrollo Estudiantil, Cultural, Arte y Deporte (SUDECAD), de la Universidad Nacional Autonóma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula (UNAH-VS), con 4 dientes afectados que presentaban dolor, grietas a nivel del esmalte, pigmentaciones oscuras, restos de restauraciones previas con pobre anatomía y mal adaptadas; como resultado, una sonrisa poco favorecedora. En este caso se presenta una opción de tratamiento funcional y estético con el que se le dió solución rápida y predecible. Tratamiento que forma parte de la continua búsqueda para brindar una sonrisa estética y saludable que todo profesional de la Odontología debe ofrecer.
The Bodhisattva as Aspirant
Authors: Heim S. Mark
Published: September 2019

Chapter 4 begins comparative Christian theological reflection by focusing on the aspirant bodhisattva and the no-self teaching. Christian thought can best engage no-self teaching through the apophatic dimension of God’s relation with the world and the status of humans as creatures. Section three offers a constructive view of a “mimetic self” as one possibility for recognizing the validity of Buddhist no-self insights while retaining the reality and significance of personhood in Christian theology. The final section considers the crucifixion of Jesus and no-self.
The Bodhisattva as Buddha
Authors: Heim S. Mark
Published: September 2019

Chapter 5 continues comparative Christian theological reflection by focusing on the realized bodhisattva and the teaching of Buddha nature. Christian thought can best engage the teaching of Buddha nature through an understanding of divine immanence. The theology of the Eastern Orthodox churches regarding salvation as theosis, participation in the divine energies, is particularly helpful in this regard. Section four considers some contemporary work in cognitive science and brain research and its relevance for comparative discussion
Conclusion: Crucified Wisdom
Authors: Heim S. Mark
Published: September 2019

A brief conclusion reviews and summarizes the content of prior chapters. It affirms the three main points of the study: that Christian learning from the bodhisattva path will involve 1) developing a “no-self” dimension in the understanding of theological anthropology, 2) recognizing an unvarying nondual dimension of divine immanence in the world, and 3) appreciating that both of these are constituent dimensions in Christ’s incarnation and in human redemption.
Deep Time, Dark Times
Authors: Wood David
Published: September 2019

Deep Time, Dark Times takes its bearing from Nietzsche’s concern that a surfeit of history can extinguish the passion for life, especially when we are reminded of our capacity for cruelty and folly. The prospect of devastating climate change extends our sense of the past onto a geological scale, arousing debilitating passion, especially anger, ressentiment and resignation. What can Nietzsche teach us here? Hume’s sense that reason is but a slave to the passions cautions us against new utopian blueprints that fail to address the mood of today. Although climate change can rightly be laid at the feet of industrialization, corporate greed, fossil fuel companies … Deep Time challenges us to re-imagine ourselves as a species, through a geological consciousness. This expands Nietzsche’s sense of “life” to include our fellow terrestrials, and accentuates his sense of critical history, navigating between conflicting passions. Such a consciousness would be ecological (embracing yet another wound to our sovereignty), and it would acknowledge the advent of the Anthropocene. Deep Time draws on Heidegger’s call for a new attunement, one that connects contemporary anger and frustration with the agency vacuum created by the failure of global democracy. The question of who “we” are, when we imagine emergent forms of agency, or when we consider the constituencies impacted by climate change, is explicitly thematized. Information technology, for all its liabilities, offers new possibilities of group identity-formation, communication, and economic transaction that just might make a difference. We have to will the impossible to avoid the unthinkable.
The New Materialism
Authors: Wood David
Published: September 2019

Post-humanism throws up deep questions about agency and responsibility at a point in human and terrestrial history at which we most urgently need answers. Do new materialists—a cluster of contemporary thinkers influenced by Spinoza, Deleuze, and feminism—help us with such answers? Is it enough to speak of the agency of things? Or a hybrid model in which humans share agency with natural forces? Or to rethink agents not as independent beings but essentially relational, assemblages? Is new materialism any better than the old one? It offers ways of thinking and talking that attempt to overcome or displace patterns of thought that generate blind repetitions of empty formulae. Following Deleuze, new materialism attempts to overcome the ways in which we are caught up in reactive forces, which has a direct impact on how we respond to climate change. But it is less plausible as ontology, often falling into performative self-contradiction, and more significant as discursive innovation. It opens the world in new ways, refiguring matter with new words, new concepts. It wants to point to the resistance, recalcitrance, and powers of things, but much of the work takes place in transforming our discursive inheritance.
Ibn Kātib Qayṣar on Visions, Angels, Prophets, and Dreams
Authors: Davis Stephen J.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 2 introduces Ibn Kātib Qayṣar’s Commentary on the Apocalypse, with initial attention to its intersections with medieval Arabophone Judaism and Islam. The rest of the chapter concerns itself with the opening paragraphs of this commentary and especially the author’s understand of divine visions, dreams, and the mediatory role of angels and prophets.
Summary and Epilogue
Authors: Even-Ezra Ayelet
Published: September 2019

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Contagious Rhythm: Verse as a Technique of the Body
Authors: Saussy Haun
Published: September 2019

Nineteenth-century origin stories about culture and poetry assume a pattern of development and diversification from a single starting point—be that a primitive language or a single ethnic community. But according to twentieth-century models, the development of culture depends on the clash of different patterns of activity that disrupt the forward movement of simple rhythms. Marcel Mauss’s account of the techniques of the body and Ezra Pound’s practices of translation supply two examples of the breaking of rhythm and the creation of new cultural patterns, sometimes in response to the destruction of European ideals in the Great War.
Rhythm and Affect in “Christabel”
Authors: Jones Ewan
Published: September 2019

This essay reads Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “Christabel” in the light of its notorious preface, arguing that Coleridge was right to link the poem’s structure to “passion,” but not in the manner that he specified. In place of “syllabic irregularity,” that is to say, I focus upon a rhythmical accent that is both open and directed: the advertised four-beat line is not an obligatory or invariant feature; even when it does arise, it produces a significantly wide variety of affects. In place of a hypostasized lyric “voice,” therefore, Coleridge’s poem forces us to consider the process of vocalization, whereby narrative speaker and distinct characters arise as the echoes of rhythmical patterns that predate them. Coleridge’s poem, I conclude, was “new” not through its putative invention of a prosodic structure, but through its peculiarly self-reflexive use of extant materials. Such a fact forces us to treat the category of rhythm itself in a more historicized manner than much current scholarship presently allows. I conclude by demonstrating how Coleridge’s metrical practice sheds light on a particular philosophical issue that he struggled to engage with in more conventional prepositional language: the eighteenth-century treatment of affect..
Ecological Formalism; or, Love Among the Ruins
Authors: Hensley Nathan K. , Steer Philip
Published: September 2019

The current global environmental crisis is an uncanny but perversely material aftereffect of Victorian England, the world’s first fossil-fueled industrial society and its most powerful global empire. Our entanglement with this past challenges current procedures of cultural analysis, requiring a new attention to form and method, and bridging the divide between ecological and postcolonial approaches in nineteenth-century studies. In response we propose an ecological formalism, which focuses on the category of form as a means for producing environmental and therefore political knowledge. The chapters in this volume explore how Victorian writers recognized empire and ecology as posing problems of intellectual scale and recognize that these aesthetic or formal concerns generate challenges of critical methodology.
Mourning Species
Authors: Taylor Jesse Oak
Published: September 2019

This chapter develops a reading practice for the Anthropocene by tracing the reflections on extinction that recur throughout Alfred Tennyson’s magisterial elegy, In Memoriam (1850). It asks how the poem’s treatment of extinction changes when it is read as an account of anthropogenic extinction, the decimation of species arising explicitly from human action and linked (both metaphorically and literally) to imperial conquest. In so doing, it traces the emergence of a new kind of human “species being,” that is, the human as geophysical force within the Earth system, which appears in the poem through extended metaphors linking human evolution to industrial processes and imperial conquest thus speaking to one of the most difficult (and controversial) challenges that the Anthropocene lays before the humanities: thinking the human in species terms. In the process, the chapter makes a case for elegy as both an ethical and political stance complement to conservation.
“Infinitesimal Lives” Thomas Hardy’s Scale Effects
Authors: Rosenberg Aaron
Published: September 2019

This essay demonstrates how inhuman scales—immense measurements of space and time—pose representational challenges for narrative forms. It focuses on Thomas Hardy’s efforts to represent scales that seemed outsized to the realist novel’s conventional focus on the daily lives of individuals. Narrating realities beyond the scope of realism, I argue, led Hardy to experiment with formal alternatives including romance and melodrama—genres associated with a mode of excess. Romances like Two on a Tower and A Pair of Blue Eyes accommodate the immense perspectives of scientific observation by shifting into a heightened mode of representation, producing distinctive “scale effects.” This essay ultimately proposes that questions of scale are key to rethinking the role of genre in Hardy’s works and Hardy’s status within the realist tradition.
Remembering Wolsey
Authors: Hornbeck II J. Patrick
Published: September 2019

Remembering Wolsey seeks to contribute to our understanding of historical memory and memorialization bexamining in detail the posthumous commemoration and representation of Thomas Wolsey, the sixteenth-century cardinal, papal legate, and lord chancellor of England. Its questions are at once historical and ethical. Analyzing the history of Wolsey’s legacy from his death in 1530 through the present day, this book shows how images of Wolsey have been among the vehicles through which historians, theologians, and others have contested the events known collectively as the English Reformation(s). Over the course of nearly five centuries, Wolsey has been at the center of the debate about King Henry’s reformation and the virtues and vices of late medieval Catholicism. His name and image have been invoked in a bewildering, and often surprising, variety of contexts, including the works of chroniclers, historians, theologians, dramatists, or more recently screenwriters. Cultural producers have often related the story of Wolsey’s life in ways that have buttressed their preconceived opinions on a wide variety of matters. The complex history of Wolsey’s representation has much to teach us not only about the historiography of the English Reformation but also about broader dynamics of cultural and collective memory.
Let Us Go
Authors: Hunter Walt
Published: September 2019

The second chapter explores global citizenship as a practice of exclusion undertaken in part through policies of liberal multiculturalism. In Citizen: An American Lyric (2014), Claudia Rankine writes an experimental “American lyric” in which the confessional lyric voice is made to contain the micro-aggressions and minoritarian struggles situated within the US but created by a US-manipulated global capitalist economy. The poems in Citizen offer both a diagnosis of the failures of citizenship as an ideal and a staging of the violent “beauty” that emerges from these failures. The poetic transit of Citizen across the Atlantic, and implicitly across the Mediterranean as well, creates the conditions for imagining solidarity between anti-racist movements in the US and ongoing anti-colonial struggles in France and North Africa.
Touch and Texts
Authors: Jaaware Aniket
Published: September 2019

This chapter assesses how classical texts function in society and how the textuality of visual markers of caste operated in earlier periods. It also considers modern texts, concentrating on Maharashtra. It might seem that narratives such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata actually connect caste-societies, since these narratives are part of the textual fabric of the totality of caste-societies, though they change and are disseminated in a variety of ways. However, the textual operation of these narratives is more complicated, since these often serve as moral texts from which one is supposed to derive one's own morality. Indeed, it is not easy to estimate the social power and behavioral efficacy of these narratives, but it is clear that they circulated widely and informed the moral universe of most parts of caste-societies. The other feature of the place of texts in ancient and modern societies is their authority by the fact of being texts.
Poetics of History
Authors: Lacoue-Labarthe Philippe
Published: September 2019

This book opens with a philosophical scene: in the context of a reading of Hölderlin, Heidegger dismisses Rousseau as irrelevant to the true concerns of philosophy, and thus shows his own blindness to Rousseau’s very evident influence. This dismissal is motivated in part by Heidegger’s pro-German posture, but also by a disregard of Rousseau’s thinking, particularly his thinking of mimêsis. In what follows, Lacoue-Labarthe’s task is, first, to show that Rousseau articulates a genuine transcendental thinking of origins, one that will be read and retained by the major philosophers who follow him (notably Kant). This demonstration is carried out with reference especially to Rousseau’s Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, in which, in the wake of readings by Jacques Derrida and Jean Starobinski, Lacoue-Labarthe locates a thinking of technê (as a supplement of nature) that is properly transcendental and originary. Lacoue-Labarthe calls this Rousseau’s “onto-technology,” showing that it is linked with a scene, and therefore with the theater, in a broad sense. The second task, then, is to show that in his discourse on the theater, especially in the Letter to d’Alembert, Rousseau thinks in specifically philosophical terms, and that, despite an apparently conventional reading of Aristotle’s Poetics, he actually articulates a more genuine understanding of mimêsis and katharsis that is more faithful to Aristotle’s text. Katharsis becomes a form of speculative sublation, an Aufhebung, and Rousseau’s apparently reactionary interpretation of theater places him at a crucial initiating point of modern philosophy in the grips of a paradoxical dialectic.
3
Authors: Lacoue-Labarthe Philippe
Published: September 2019

Peter Szondi famously claimed that after Aristotle there was a “poetics of tragedy,” but after Schelling there was a “philosophy of the tragic.” Lacoue-Labarthe argues that this is only half correct, in that this philosophy of the tragic is still and also a poetics of tragedy, insofar as this philosophy is based on Aristotle and on the question of the tragic effect. In a commentary on letter 10 of Schelling’s Philosophical Letters on Dogmatism and Criticism (written in 1795), Lacoue-Labarthe shows that Schelling articulates in its most pointed form the historical dialectic played out in the struggles of Greek tragedy, a struggle in which mimesis reaches into a kind of sublime terror, an unsublatable mimesis that links catharsis with death. The chapter ends with a reminder that a thinking of dialectics and death is at the core of Hegel’s thought and with a quotation from Georges Bataille, who exclaimed, in “Hegel, Death and Sacrifice,” that the deathly scene of sacrifice “is a comedy!”
The Forming of Black Regiments and Success in Battle
Authors: Mendez James G.
Published: September 2019

On January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. The Proclamation gave official federal authorization to use black troops as part of the Union’s war strategy. Thereby, northern blacks now had the opportunity to fight for their country, prove their worthiness for citizenship, and help bring an end to slavery. The 54th Massachusetts Infantry became the first black regiment formed in the North. Many other black regiments were to follow. Prominent abolitionists and black leaders such as Frederick Douglass, and a host of other black men and women, helped recruit for black regiments. Not all northerners agreed blacks would make effective soldiers. However, as the war progressed, most doubters would become believers, especially after black troops performed bravely at three key early battles in 1863: Port Hudson on May 27th; Milliken’s Bend on June 7th; and the 54th Massachusetts famous charge at Fort Wagner on July 18th.
The Unequal Pay Issue
Authors: Mendez James G.
Published: September 2019

Money became an ongoing and contentious problem for northern black soldiers and their families as soon as the men enlisted. And as their families began corresponding more frequently with army and Union officials on behalf of their soldiers, the most common subject in these letters was about the soldiers’ pay. African-American troops saw the unequal pay policy as unfair and discriminatory, and they protested the policy at every level of state and federal government, convinced they must challenge the racist attitudes they had joined the army to destroy. The letters from home further fueled the sense of anger amongst black regiments, bringing the unequal pay issue to a climax for them and their families, and no group was more affected by the government’s policy than the families of black troops. And northern black families did not have the same access to relief organizations and resources. Finally, on June 15, 1864, the incessant pressure from northern black troops, their families, and their allies, caused the government to reverse its previous policy. Also, the continued pay boycott by some black regiments, including the 55th Massachusetts, became an embarrassment to the Lincoln administration, who realized it made a serious error in judgment.
Violence on Two Fronts
Authors: Mendez James G.
Published: September 2019

Black troops and their families suffered from several kinds of violence inflicted on them alone. The rebels had a habit of killing black troops after they had surrendered or been captured. Yet, black troops continued to join the army and support the Union cause in spite of this risk; they fought harder in combat. In addition African-American family members in the North faced violence themselves at home. But, in their case, their assailants were white northerners, such as in the 1863 race riots in Detroit on March 6th and the three-day riots in New York City on July 13th–16th. Blacks were killed and wounded in both riots, and their property was destroyed. Even with the threat of violence against them in the North as well as the South, northern blacks continued to enlist and support the Union war effort. African Americans remained loyal to the Union and to the cause.
The Conclusion of the War
Authors: Mendez James G.
Published: September 2019

As 1865 began, the Union saw victory in sight. Major Union victories in the later months of 1864 led to the sense of optimism in the North. Union armies on all fronts throughout the South continued to put pressure on the Confederates. Still, the Confederates were not willing to end the war just yet. They scrambled to keep their morale up and their armies together and supplied with men and resources. And even with victory in site, African Americans continued to volunteer to join the Union army in 1865. In spite of the hardships black troops and their families experienced in 1863 and 1864 and would endure in 1865, Northern blacks continued to support the Union war effort. And similar to their white counterparts, the more battles they participated in, the more committed black troops became to finish the job and to ensure their fallen comrades had not died in vain.
Introduction
Authors: Shimabuku Annmaria M.
Published: September 2019

The Introduction defines the alegal in terms of Schmitt’s concept of sovereignty and Foucauldian biopolitics. It shows how this positioning is integral to dislodging Okinawa from the traditional area studies paradigm and instead uses it to theorize the formation of a new postwar global network of sovereignty between the U.S. and Japan. In particular, it foregrounds the biopolitical dimensions of this network in which Japanese politicians protested violation of Japanese sovereignty by the U.S. military symbolically through the trope of sexual violence. Concerned with the ability to secure Japan as an economic partner, the U.S. responded by reducing its military presence in the mainland and transferring troops to Okinawa in the late 1950s. It sensed a deeply-entrenched cultural aversion to sexual contact around the bases, which, this book argues, was abhorred because it interfered with the formation of a Japanese middle class. By revisiting the writings of Japanese Marxists such as Uno Kōzō and Tosaka Jun, the Introduction defines the contours of a biopolitical state concerned with developing a Japanese middle class along the norms of patriarchal monoethnicity. It is this kind of state from which Okinawa was excluded, and to this state which it ambivalently sought to return.
Okinawa, 1972–1995: Life That Matters
Authors: Shimabuku Annmaria M.
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the post-reversion era from 1972 to 1995. Along with reversion came the enforcement of the anti-prostitution law and the demise of Okinawa’s large-scale sex industry. The first generation of mixed-race individuals came of age and started speaking for themselves instead of allowing themselves to be spoken for. This was also a time when Okinawans started to look past the unfulfilled promises of the Japanese state for liberation and to conceptualize different forms of autonomy in the global world. This chapter reconsiders self-determination as a philosophical concept. In place of the imperative for a unified self and unified nation as the precondition for entry into selfhood and nationhood (i.e., the capacity for “self-determination”), this chapter revisits Matsushima Chōgi’s concept of the “Okinawan proletariat” to rethink the theoretical implications of Okinawa, as a borderland of the Pacific, where humans and non-human objects circulate. It appeals to Tosaka’s anti-idealist attempt to assign a different kind of agency to morphing matter and reads Tanaka Midori’s mixed-race memoir, My Distant Specter of a Father, for an example of a life that fails to unify before the state, but nonetheless continues to matter or be significant in the quality of its mutability.
Shock Therapy: Atlas Shrugged, Urban Renewal, and the Making of the Entrepreneurial Subject
Authors: Tucker-Abramson Myka
Published: September 2019

Naomi Klein opens The Shock Doctrine by comparing the psychological hypothesis that an array of shocks “could unmake and erase faulty minds” with Milton Friedman’s economic hypothesis that a course of painful policy shocks could return society to “pure capitalism.” Klein’s book raises the question, why did shock become the dominant metaphor for economic and psychological modernization? This chapter suggests that Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged provides one answer, revealing how shock’s emergence as a form of neoliberal subject-making is rooted in the white flight anxieties about racializing and decaying urban cores that emerged in the post-war period. Reading Atlas Shrugged in relation to the debates surrounding the future of America’s cities at a time when the often-opposing forces of urban sprawl, suburbanization, urban decay, and urban renewal were making that future increasingly uncertain, this chapter argues that Atlas Shrugged simultaneously acts as an origin story for the emergence of the entrepreneurial subject and reveals the racialized and revanchist urban processes that helped create and shape these seemingly objective economic narratives and subjectivities.
The Siege of Harlem and Its Commune
Authors: Tucker-Abramson Myka
Published: September 2019

Warren Miller’s Siege of Harlem is a strange and vexing novel that draws on the “internal colony” thesis of black power thinkers and imagines Harlem’s secession from the United States. It is also a novel that marks the end of the era of urban renewal and the passing from the era of Robert Moses to that of Jane Jacobs. This concluding chapter suggests that Siege can help us refuse the forced choices between Moses and Jacobs, or the planners and the walkers, that dominate conversations about post-war planning. Siege does so, the conclusion argues, by offering a different trajectory of urban thinking and politics, one that stretches from the multicultural and often Communist-led left in the 1930s and 1940s, to the working class, Puerto Rican, and black urban revolts of the 1960s, which put forward a militantly socialist, internationalist, and anti-imperialist urban vision. It is this form of urbanism, the conclusion suggests, that we need to return to today.
“An Embassy to a Golf Course?”: Conundrums on the Road to the United States’ Diplomatic Representation to the Holy See, 1784–1984
Authors: Domenico Roy
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses how relations between the United States and the Vatican doubled as a political capitol engaged in shifting patterns of diplomacy with an emerging North American nation. Conducted as an amiably low-key, informal relationship in the post-revolutionary period, the growth of American power—and an even more rapidly growing Catholic population—intrigued the Vatican, which in turn infuriated many non-Catholic U.S. citizens whenever the prospect of formal diplomatic recognition loomed. Protestants and other Americans questioned why the nation's lone church beholden to a foreign potentate should be thus rewarded. When the Lateran Treaty of 1929 guaranteed Italy's recognition of Vatican City's sovereignty, the U.S government was faced with the delicate task of reckoning with—and sometimes abetting—the church's global diplomatic initiatives.
Catholics, Communism, and African Americans
Authors: Moore Cecilia A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter demonstrates how the integrity of “integral Catholics” was put to a stern test by the American church's willingness to countenance racism in the early and middle decades of the twentieth century. Although white ethnic communities had been provided with national parishes of their own since the late nineteenth century, expressions of African American ethnic/racial solidarity were widely viewed as an affront to the all-encompassing theology of the mystical body of Christ. The chapter shows how this patronizing racial ideology was shaken only after the Communist Party won substantial numbers of black converts in the 1930s and beyond.
Epilogue
Authors: Burns Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2019

This chapter begins by reviewing the development of U.S. Catholic history over the past century and a half. It then argues that the authors in the present volume represent the next stage in U.S. Catholic historiography. They represent serious scholarship that is better integrated into the U.S. story. Today, U.S. Catholic historians find themselves in an interesting position—they are no longer part of a struggling, defensive minority community, but are still on the periphery. The Catholic Church now matters, sometimes. In the twenty-first century, historians will have to unpack the incredible complexity of a church that is both post-immigrant and still essentially immigrant; a church that consists of all social classes and political parties; and a church that continually struggles to apply and integrate its social message in the face of an increasingly disjointed yet global world.
Driving health behavior: The roles of personal health information use and attitudes towards health in women’s cancer screenings
Authors: Hearld Kristine R. , Hearld Larry R. , Budhwani Henna , McCaughey Deirdre , Celaya Leandra Y. , Hall Allyson G.
Published: September 2019

Objective: Our interest in patient attitudes and beliefs and how they contribute to health and health seeking behaviors is based on growing interest in fostering more patient-centered care. This is particularly relevant for cancer screening in women, where the procedures may be viewed as deeply personal and emotionally invasive. There is convincing evidence that health attitudes and beliefs are strong associates of cancer screening among women. The goal of this paper is to examine if accessibility and use of personal health information (PHI) is a positive predictive of cancer related health detection behaviors among United States women. This study is relevant and timely considering the growing focus on prevention in patient-centered care delivery.Methods: Using data from the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), this paper employed multivariable path analysis to investigate whether PHI use is related to engaged women’s health detection behaviors, and if this relationship is mediated by self-perceived health status and patient attitudes regarding confidence in their self-care abilities.Results: This study found that PHI use worked directly on health detection behaviors for intermediate levels of health information only. Our findings also suggest that patient attitudes may only act as a mediator at low levels of information use and when both confidence in self-care abilities and self-assessed health status are considered simultaneously.Conclusions: As prevention continues to be a key focus of health care, efforts promoting enhanced population health are critically important. With greater expansion of patient portals, health systems and providers are expecting access to greater PHI will promote increased engagement by patients in their self-health. The results of our research suggest that PHI is positive for patients up until a point and that health care delivery professionals may wish to assess the amount and type of information made readily available to the patients they serve related to breast and cervical cancer screenings.
The Effects of Different Tillage Systems and Cultivars on Growth, Yield and Quality of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) in a Semi-Arid Sub-Tropical Environment
Authors: Dlamini Phiwokwakhe A. , Masarirambi Michael T. , Wahome Paul K. , Dzimba Mfanzile A.
Published: September 2019

Conservation agriculture is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production system that serves to achieve acceptable profits and sustaining production while conserving the environment. The popularity of zucchini also known as baby marrow in the Kingdom of Eswatini has increased in recent years specifically for its economic value in the foreign market. This study was carried out at Malkerns Research Station, Malkerns in the Middleveld of the Kingdom of Eswatini to assess the effectiveness of different tillage methods and cultivars on growth, yield and quality of zucchini. The tillage methods used were zero, basin and mulch tillage. Furrow tillage was used as a control. The results showed that tillage methods had significant (P<0.05) differences in growth and yield of zucchini. Minimum tillage plants exhibited lowest number of leaves (9.5), vine length (36.4 cm), leaf area index (2.5) and number of flowers (6), number of fruits (1.3) and marketable yield/plant (4.6 ton/ha). Non-significant (P>0.05) differences were obtained from plants grown under basin, mulch and furrow tillage. The highest vine length (69.6cm), leaf number (17.0), LAI (3.6), and marketable yield (15.7 ton/ha) were obtained in zucchini plants grown under basin tillage system. However, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in accumulation in leaves of zucchini plants of mineral content. In terms of the cultivars there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in vegetative growth. Star 8023 showed superiority in terms of number of fruits and marketable yield. It was observed that minimum tillage was less suitable in zucchini production as compared to other tillage systems. For higher production in zucchini, basin, furrow and mulch may be used. The best cultivar to use is star 8023.